bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast‐inspired Scaffold for Infected Bone Defect Therapy: Towards Stable Photothermal Properties and Self‐Defensive Functionality
Authors: Zhao Yao , Peng Xu , Wang Dingqian , Zhang Hongbo , Xin Qiangwei , Wu Mingzhen , Xu Xiaoyang , Sun Fan , Xing Zeyuan , Wang Luning , Yu Peng , Xie Jing , Li Jiehua , Tan Hong , Ding Chunmei , Li Jianshu
Published: September 2022

Bone implant‐associated infections induced by bacteria frequently result in repair failure and threaten the health of patients. Although black phosphorus (BP) material with superior photothermal conversion ability is booming in the treatment of bone disease, the development of BP‐based bone scaffolds with excellent photothermal stability and antibacterial properties simultaneously remains a challenge. In nature, chloroplasts cannot only convert light into chemical energy, but also hold a protective and defensive envelope membrane. Inspired by this, a self‐defensive bone scaffold with stable photothermal property is developed for infected bone defect therapy. Similar to thylakoid and stroma lamella in chloroplasts, BP is integrated with chitosan and polycaprolactone fiber networks. The mussel‐inspired polydopamine multifunctional “envelope membrane” wrapped above not only strengthens the photothermal stability of BP‐based scaffolds, but also realizes the in situ anchoring of silver nanoparticles. Bacteria‐triggered infection of femur defects in vivo can be commendably inhibited at the early stage via these chloroplast‐inspired implants, which then effectively promotes endogenous repair of the defect area under mild hyperthermia induced by near‐infrared irradiation. This chloroplast‐inspired strategy shows outstanding performance for infected bone defect therapy and provides a reference for the functionality of other biomedical materials.
Fertilization strategy affects crop nutrient concentration and removal in semi‐arid U.S. Northwest
Authors: Bierer A. , Dungan R. S. , Tarkalson D. D. , Leytem A. B.
Published: September 2022

Access to livestock manure is increasing in semi‐arid cropping systems of U.S. Northwest prompting evaluation of fertilization strategies on regional production systems. A study conducted from fall 2012 to 2019 used: fall‐ or spring‐applied dairy manure (56 Mg ha−1), fall‐applied composted dairy manure (33 Mg ha−1), spring‐applied urea or SUPERU (Koch Agronomic Services), and a control (n = 6) on a corn (Zea mays L.)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–alfalfa–alfalfa rotation. The effects of fertilization strategies on (a) soil nutrients, (b) crop tissue nutrient concentration and removal, and (c) digestibility and energy content of forages are discussed. Compost and manure additions increased corn silage N, P, K, respectively, by 0.86, 0.28, and 2.4 g kg−1 over other treatments; silage Ca and Mg were depressed 0.4 and 0.53 g kg−1 by manure applications. Barley grain Premoval and Kremoval increased 5.10 and 7.65 g kg−1 under manure applications relative to urea and SUPERU treatments while crude protein (CP) (19.1 g N kg−1) neared limits of high‐quality malt extract (16–19 g N kg−1). Compost and manure increased alfalfa K by 2.3 and 5.5 g kg−1 over other treatments, approaching levels of concern for hypocalcemia in dairy cattle (≥30 g K kg−1). No major impact on corn silage or alfalfa quality parameters, were observed. Present Idaho nutrient removal estimates were representative of corn and alfalfa, but not barley in which observed N removal was 28% lower. In 17 of 18 instances, contrast testing suggested nutrient removal differed under organic amended treatments, suggesting nutrient removal modifiers in production systems receiving organic amendment may need established.
Incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals and reactive surfactants for improved pressure‐sensitive adhesive performance
Authors: Hamlin Justin , Nuruddin Md , Tarabara Volodymyr , Szczepanski Caroline
Published: September 2022

Pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs), which achieve instantaneous adhesion with the application of light pressure, are used in a large range of commodity applications. In this work, PSAs enriched with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and stabilized with a reactive surfactant (Hitenol AR‐1025, AR) were synthesized via in situ emulsion polymerization. Incorporation of CNCs into AR‐stabilized PSAs lead to improvements of peel strength, shear strength, and loop tack with significant increases observed at a CNC concentration of 0.75 parts per hundred monomer (phm). A comparative investigation of PSAs stabilized with reactive (AR) and non‐reactive (sodium dodecyl sulfate) surfactant revealed that the enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic combination of CNCs and reactive surfactant, as only modest improvements can be attributed to surfactant type. In contrast to previous studies that report a trade‐off in adhesive properties, we present a well‐rounded PSA with exceptional peel strength, shear strength, and loop tack.
Genetic variation in reproductive timing in a long‐lived herbaceous perennial
Authors: Reed Will J. , Ison Jennifer L. , Waananen Amy , Shaw Frank H. , Wagenius Stuart , Shaw Ruth G.
Published: September 2022

Premise

Reproductive fitness of individual plants depends on the timing of flowering, especially in mate‐limited populations, such as those in fragmented habitats. When flowering time traits are associated with differential reproductive success, the narrow‐sense heritability (h2) of traits will determine how rapidly trait means evolve in response to selection. Heritability of flowering time is documented in many annual plants. However, estimating h2 of flowering time in perennials presents additional methodological challenges, often including paternity assignment and trait expression over multiple years.

Methods

We evaluated the h2 of onset and duration of flowering using offspring–midparent regressions and restricted maximum likelihood methods in an experimental population of an iterocarpic, perennial, herbaceous plant, Echinacea angustifolia, growing in natural conditions. We assessed the flowering time of the parental cohort in 2005 and 2006; the offspring in 2014 through 2017. We also examined the effects of the paternity assignment from Cervus and MasterBayes on estimates of h2.

Results

We found substantial h2 for onset and duration of flowering. We also observed variation in estimates among years. The most reliable estimates for both traits fell in the range of 0.1–0.17. We found evidence of a genotype by year interaction for onset of flowering and strong evidence that genotypes are consistent in their duration of flowering across years.

Conclusions

Substantial heritabilities in this population imply the capacity for a response to natural selection, while also suggesting the potential for differential contributions to adaptive evolution among seasons.
Is there a difference in student physical activity between a field school and a traditional classroom setting?
Authors: Howells Michaela Emily , Mayfour Katherine L'Amour Woolard , April Taryn B. , Bender Richard L. , Loudon James E.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We compared the physical activity of nine students participating in an anthropological field school to their activity expenditures in traditional classrooms. We predicted that the students would exhibit higher physical activity during the field school due to the substantial physical requirements associated with the program compared to traditional classroom environments which are frequently more sedentary.

Methods

Participants (n = 9) wore wrist accelerometers for ~23 h each day for 6 days during an anthropological field school and also in a traditional classroom environment. Accelerometers were programed with participant height, weight, age, and sex. Each accelerometer recorded total energy expenditure in kilocalories (kcal), step counts, and time in four physical activity levels (vigorous, moderate, easy, and very easy) between the field school and traditional classroom settings.

Results

During the field school portion of the study, participants burned more calories (p < .01), took more steps (p < .0001), and engaged in more moderate and easy exercise (p < .0001).

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the physical benefits of study abroad programs and field schools. Our multi‐day accelerometer data revealed significant differences in even relatively low intensities of physical activity. This is particularly pertinent in the United States where sedentary lifestyles are increasing among college students. Taken together, the results underscore the importance of study abroad programs, field schools, and other applied learning opportunities beyond the educational, professional, and social benefits.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Cryptophazane—A Soluble and Functionalizable C1‐Symmetrical Cryptophane
Authors: Vigier Clément , Fayolle Dimitri , El Siblani Hussein , Sopkova ‐ de Oliveira Santos Jana , Fabis Frederic , Cailly Thomas , Dubost Emmanuelle
Published: September 2022

The first example of a cryptophazane, a cryptophane functionalized with a nitrogen atom replacing one of the methylene bridges, is obtained with a 28 % overall yield over 8 steps, through the preparation of a C1‐symmetrical aza‐cyclotriveratrylene (aza‐CTV). Herein, we demonstrate that the introduction of a nitrogen atom on this part of the cryptophane core enhances the solubility in organic media of both the cryptophane and the synthetic intermediates, while presenting the same conformation as known cryptophanes. Cryptophazane was prepared on a multigram scale and easily functionalized. We also investigated its ability to encapsulate xenon atoms using hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) NMR spectroscopy. We found that both its affinity and exchange kinetics were in the appropriate range for applications in 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Combined with the wide range of possible functionalization, this makes cryptophazane an excellent candidate for targeted HP 129Xe MRI.
Palladium‐katalysierte para‐C−H Arylierung von Anilinen mit aromatischen Halogeniden
Authors: Lichte Dominik , Pirkl Nico , Heinrich Gregor , Dutta Sayan , Goebel Jonas F. , Koley Debasis , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: September 2022

Die Kontrolle der Regioselektivität bei C−H‐Funktionalisierungen ist eine zentrale Herausforderung bei der chemischen Methodenentwicklung. Bei Arenen ist es am schwierigsten, Funktionalisierungen auf die C−H‐Gruppe zu richten, die am weitesten von einem Substituenten entfernt ist, nämlich in para‐Position. Wir zeigen hier, wie die para‐C−H‐Arylierung von Anilinen mit nicht aktivierten Arylhalogeniden, die bisher schwer zu erreichen war, durch einen basenvermittelten “Metalla‐Tautomerie”‐Ansatz erreicht wird. Ein Proton wird aus dem Anilin‐Substrat abstrahiert und durch eine Arylpalladium‐Spezies ersetzt, die aus dem Arylhalogenid‐Kupplungspartner erzeugt wird. In diesem Schritt wird das Palladium durch einen großen Phosphanliganden in Kombination mit einer Triphenylmethyl‐Schutzgruppe von der N‐ zur tautomeren para‐C−H‐Position gelenkt. Die Triphenylmethylgruppe lässt sich leicht anbringen und entfernen und kann recycelt werden.
Decarboxylative Selective Phosphorylation of Aliphatic Acids: A Transition‐Metal‐ and Photocatalyst‐Free Avenue to Dialkyl and Trialkyl Phosphine Oxides from White Phosphorus
Authors: Chen Fushan , Bai Mengpei , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Weijie , Huangfu Xinlei , Liu Yan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: September 2022

Developing practical and mild strategies for the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) without chlorination is an appealing but formidable challenge. To this end, we report a breakthrough in the preparation of structurally diverse dialkylphosphines and trialkylphosphines that rely on the successive generation of carbon‐centered radicals from N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters and the controllable alkylation of the P4 molecule under transition‐metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free conditions. To facilitate separation and prevent product losses during purification, the corresponding oxidation products dialkylphosphine oxides (DAPOs) and trialkylphosphine oxides (TAPOs) were isolated. This photoinduced phosphorylation reaction features one‐pot operation, high product selectivity, and tolerates a broad range of alkyl NHPI esters, including derivatives of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Further diversified transformation of DAPOs to construct P−F, P−C, P−N, and P−O bonds was also demonstrated.
Mechanistic Insights into the Phase Separation Behavior and Pathway‐Directed Information Exchange in all‐DNA Droplets
Authors: Liu Wei , Samanta Avik , Deng Jie , Akintayo Cecilia Oluwadunsin , Walther Andreas
Published: September 2022

Liquid‐liquid phase separation provides a versatile approach to fabricating cell‐mimicking coacervates. Recently, it was discovered that phase separation of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) allows for forming protocells and microgels in multicomponent systems. However, the mechanism of the ssDNA phase separation is not comprehensively understood. Here, we present mechanistic insights into the metal‐dependent phase separation of ssDNA and leverage this understanding for a straightforward formation of all‐DNA droplets. Two phase separation temperatures are found that correspond to the formation of primary nuclei and a growth process. Ca2+ allows for irreversible, whereas Mg2+ leads to reversible phase separation. Capitalizing on these differences makes it possible to control the information transfer of one‐component DNA droplets and two‐component core–shell protocells. This study introduces new kinetic traps of phase separating ssDNA that lead to new phenomena in cell‐mimicking systems.
A Library of Rare Earth Oxide Ultrathin Nanowires with Polymer‐Like Behaviors
Authors: Fu Hao , Xu Yingzhuang , Qiu Di , Ma Tengfei , Yue Guanglu , Zeng Zhichao , Song Lianpeng , Wang Siyuan , Zhang Shuai , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: September 2022

Ultrathin nanowires (NWs) have always attracted the attention of researchers due to their unique properties, but their facile synthesis is still a great challenge. Herein we developed a general method for the synthesis of rare earth (RE) oxide ultrathin NWs at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (50 °C). The formation mechanism of ultrathin NWs lies in two aspects: thermodynamic advantage of one dimensional (1D) growth at low temperature, and supplement of effective monomers. As an extension, fifteen kinds of RE oxide ultrathin NWs were synthesized through this strategy, and they all exhibited polymer‐like behaviors. Meanwhile, the high viscosity, organic gel, wet‐ and electro‐spinning of Ce‐Mo‐O NWs were studied in detail, demonstrating the similarity of ultrathin inorganic NWs to polymers. In addition, the Ce‐Mo‐O ultrathin NWs were used as photocatalysts for toluene oxidation and showed excellent performance with toluene conversion ratio of 83.8 %, suggesting their potential application in organic photocatalysis.
Homoleptic and heteroleptic diorganoselenides containing pyrazole functionalities. Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Popa Roxana A. , Nicoară Adrian , Arca Massimiliano , Lippolis Vito , Pintus Anna , Silvestru Anca
Published: September 2022

The diorganoselenides [2‐(R2NCH2)C6H4](pzCH2CH2)Se [R = Me (1), Et (2), R2 = O(CH2CH2)2 (3); pz = pyrazole] and [2‐{(CH2O)2CH}C6H4](pzCH2CH2)Se (4) were prepared by reacting pzCH2CH2Br with the corresponding alkali metal organoselenolate. Compound [2‐(O=CH)C6H4](pzCH2CH2)Se (5) was obtained by deprotection of compound 4 under acidic conditions, whereas compound (pzCH2CH2)2Se (6) was prepared by reacting pzCH2CH2Br with Na2Se. The antioxidant activity of compounds 1–3 and 6 in the catalytic reaction between H2O2 and PhSH was investigated by a combination of experimental methods (multinuclear NMR, UV‐vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical calculations. The formation of the intermediate selenoxide species 1a–6a was evidenced by multinuclear NMR experiments (1H, 13C{1H}, 77Se{1H}) that revealed the existence of intramolecular N→Se interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that these interactions are mostly covalent in nature. For compound 1, an autocatalytic mechanism is proposed.
Microstructure, thermal and rheological properties of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) tapered block copolymer for potential use in biomedical applications
Authors: Saeheng Chutima , Fuongfuchat Asira , Sriyai Montira , Daranarong Donraporn , Namhongsa Manasanan , Molloy Robert , Meepowpan Puttinan , Punyodom Winita
Published: September 2022

This work investigates the thermal and rheological properties of the poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone), PLC, tapered block copolymer synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using stannous octoate (Sn[Oct]2) as an initiator. The PLC copolymer (LL: CL = 48.9:51.1 mol% from 1H‐NMR) was obtained as a transparent, elastomeric material with a tapered monomer sequencing (R = 0.38 from 13C‐NMR data) due to randomizing effect of transesterification. The Mn, Mw, and ĐM of the PLC copolymer from GPC are 8.04 × 104, 1.36 × 105, and 1.69 respectively. The obtained moduli of the copolymer at 100% and 300% strain are rather low at 0.91 and 1.16 MPa. The rheological properties of the PLC melt are studied in terms of steady and oscillatory shear flow. The master curves at a reference temperature of 150°C with 5% and 100% strain suggest that the copolymer melt may contain some regular microstructures, such as small crystalline domains of poly(L‐lactide), which remained intact at high strain deformation. The flow curve of the PLC melt at 150°C constructed from a cross model shows a Newtonian viscosity () of 6754 Pa‐s, a consistency index (k) of 0.59, and a Power Law index of 0.35 where the onset of Power Law behavior is observed at around 10 s−1. For the fabrication of the PLC nerve tubes, the best result is observed from the extruded PLC tubes with a combination of PEG porosifying agent leaching and phase immersion precipitation at 2°C using DMF/1,4‐dioxane (1:1) as a mixed solvent and ethanol/chloroform (9:1) as a non‐solvent. The porous tube obtained under this condition has a pore diameter and pore depth of approximately 2.3–2.5 and 30 μm respectively.
Anticancer 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol‐4(5H)‐ones as tubulin inhibitors
Authors: Rehulka Jiri , Subtelna Ivanna , Kryshchyshyn‐Dylevych Anna , Cherniienko Alina , Ivanova Aleksandra , Matveieva Mariia , Polishchuk Pavel , Gurska Sona , Hajduch Marian , Zagrijtschuk Oleh , Dzubak Petr , Lesyk Roman
Published: September 2022

Studying the anticancer activity of 5‐arylidene‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)aminothiazol‐4(5H)‐ones towards cell lines of different cancer types allowed the identification of hit‐compounds inhibiting the growth of daunorubicin‐ (CEM‐DNR, IC50 = 0.32–1.28 µM) and paclitaxel‐resistant (K562‐TAX, IC50 = 0.21–1.23 µM) cell lines, with favorable therapeutic indexes. The studied compounds induced apoptosis and cellular proliferation in treated CCRF‐CEM cells. The hit compounds were shown to induce mitotic arrest by interacting with tubulin, inhibiting its polymerization by binding to the colchicine binding site.
Substantial gradient mitigation in simulated large‐scale bioreactors by optimally placed multiple feed points
Authors: Losoi Pauli , Konttinen Jukka , Santala Ville
Published: September 2022

The performance of large‐scale stirred tank and bubble column bioreactors is often hindered by insufficient macromixing of feeds, leading to heterogeneities in pH, substrate, and oxygen, which complicates process scale‐up. Appropriate feed placement or the use of multiple feed points could improve mixing. Here, theoretically optimal placement of feed points was derived using one‐dimensional diffusion equations. The utility of optimal multipoint feeds was evaluated with mixing, pH control, and bioreaction simulations using three‐dimensional compartment models of four industrially relevant bioreactors with working volumes ranging from 8 to 237 m3. Dividing the vessel axially in equal‐sized compartments and locating a feed point or multiple feed points symmetrically in each compartment reduced the mixing time substantially by more than a minute and mitigated gradients of pH, substrate, and oxygen. Performance of the large‐scale bioreactors was consequently restored to ideal, homogeneous reactor performance: oxygen consumption and biomass yield were recovered and the phenotypical heterogeneity of the biomass population was diminished.
Continuous integrated manufacturing for biopharmaceuticals: A new paradigm or an empty promise?
Authors: Rathore Anurag S. , Thakur Garima , Kateja Nikhil
Published: September 2022

Continuous integrated bioprocessing has elicited considerable interest from the biopharma industry for the many purported benefits it promises. Today many major biopharma manufacturers around the world are engaged in the development of continuous process platforms for their products. In spite of great potential, the path toward continuous integrated bioprocessing remains unclear for the biologics industry due to legacy infrastructure, process integration challenges, vague regulatory guidelines, and a diverging focus toward novel therapies. In this article, we present a review and perspective on this topic. We explore the status of the implementation of continuous integrated bioprocessing among biopharmaceutical manufacturers. We also present some of the key hurdles that manufacturers are likely to face during this implementation. Finally, we hypothesize that the real impact of continuous manufacturing is likely to come when the cost of manufacturing is a substantial portion of the cost of product development, such as in the case of biosimilar manufacturing and emerging economies.
Synthesis and Anti‐Fungal/Oomycete Activity of Novel Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing Camphor Scaffold
Authors: Yang Zihui , Sun Xuebao , Jin Daojun , Qiu Yigui , Chen Linlin , Sun Lu , Gu Wen
Published: September 2022

Twelve novel camphor sulfonamide derivatives 2a–2l were synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and HRMS spectra. The anti‐fungal/oomycete activity bioassay showed that some of the title compounds displayed moderate to good anti‐fungal/oomycete activities against B. dothidea and P. capsici. Compound 2d exhibited the best in vitro antifungal activity toward B. dothidea. The in vivo experiment revealed that compound 2d possessed considerable anti‐B. dothidea effect at 200 mg/L. Mechanism study showed that compound 2d could increase the cell membrane permeability. In addition, the in vitro enzyme inhibition assay and molecular docking results indicated that compound 2d could be a potential SDH inhibitor.
HSP90 drives the Rab11a‐mediated vesicular transport of the cell surface receptors in osteoclasts
Authors: Tran Manh Tien , Okusha Yuka , Htike Kaung , Sogawa Chiharu , Eguchi Takanori , Kadowaki Tomoko , Sakai Eiko , Tsukuba Takayuki , Okamoto Kuniaki
Published: September 2022

Rab11a, which ubiquitously localizes to early and recycling endosomes, is required for regulating the vesicular transport of cellular cargos. Interestingly, our previous study revealed that Rab11a served as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis by facilitating the lysosomal proteolysis of (1) colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (c‐fms) receptor and (2) receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (RANK) receptor, thereby resulting in inhibition of osteoclast (OC) differentiation, maturation, and bone‐resorbing activity. However, the molecular mechanisms of how Rab11a negatively affected osteoclastogenesis were largely unknown. Heat shock protein (HSP90), including two isoforms HSP90α and HSP90β, necessitates the stability, maturation, and activity of a broad range of its clients, and is essentially required for a vast array of signal transduction pathways in nonstressful conditions. Furthermore, cumulative evidence suggests that HSP90 is a vital element of the vesicular transport network. Indeed, our recent study revealed that HSP90, a novel effector protein of Rab11b, modulated Rab11b‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we also found that Rab11a interacted with both HSP90α and HSP90β in OCs. Upon blockade of HSP90 ATPase activity by a specific inhibitor(17‐allylamino‐demethoxygeldanamycin), we showed that (1) the ATPase domain of HSP90 was a prerequisite for the interaction between HSP90 and Rab11a, and (2) the interaction of HSP90 to Rab11a sufficiently maintained the inhibitory effects of Rab11a on osteoclastogenesis. Altogether, our findings undoubtedly indicate a novel role of HSP90 in regulating Rab11a‐mediated osteoclastogenesis.
An overview of long noncoding RNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, analysis methods, and bioinformatics tools
Authors: Jafari‐Raddani Farideh , Davoodi‐Moghaddam Zeinab , Yousefi Amir‐Mohammad , Ghaffari Seyed H. , Bashash Davood
Published: September 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNAs whose functions are widespread in all branches of life and have been the focus of attention in the last decade. While a huge number of lncRNAs have been identified, there is still much work to be done and plenty to be learned. In the current review, we begin with the biogenesis and function of lncRNAs as they are involved in the different cellular processes from regulating the architecture of chromosomes to controlling translation and post‐translation modifications. Questions on how overexpression, mutations, or deficiency of lncRNAs can affect the cellular status and result in the pathogenesis of various human diseases are responded to. Besides, we allocate an overview of several studies, concerning the application of lncRNAs either as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or novel therapeutics. We also introduce the currently available techniques to explore details of lncRNAs such as their function, cellular localization, and structure. In the last section, as exponentially growing data in this area need to be gathered and organized in comprehensive databases, we have a particular focus on presenting general and specialized databases. Taken together, with this review, we aim to provide the latest information on different aspects of lncRNAs to highlight their importance in physiopathologic states and take a step towards helping future studies.
N‐Acyl Amides from Neisseria meningitidis and Their Role in Sphingosine Receptor Signaling
Authors: Cho Wooyoung , York Autumn G. , Wang Rurun , Wyche Thomas P. , Piizzi Grazia , Flavell Richard A. , Crawford Jason M.
Published: September 2022

Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram‐negative opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for causing human diseases with high mortality, such as septicemia and meningitis. The molecular mechanisms N. meningitidis employ to manipulate the immune system, translocate the mucosal and blood‐brain barriers, and exert virulence are largely unknown. Human‐associated bacteria encode a variety of bioactive small molecules with growing evidence for N‐acyl amides as being important signaling molecules. However, only a small fraction of these metabolites has been identified from the human microbiota thus far. Here, we heterologously expressed an N‐acyltransferase encoded in the obligate human pathogen N. meningitidis and identified 30 N‐acyl amides with representative members serving as agonists of the G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) S1PR4. During this process, we also characterized two mammalian N‐acyl amides derived from the bovine medium. Both groups of metabolites suppress anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 signaling in human macrophage cell types, but they also suppress the pro‐inflammatory interleukin‐17A+ population in TH17‐differentiated CD4+ T cells.
Intussusception of the bowel in a young woman: A case report
Authors: Hejazi Peyman , Yousefi Saeed , Hemmati Hossein , Faraji Niloofar , Mohammadyari Fatemeh
Published: September 2022

Intussusception is a condition in which a segment of the gastrointestinal tract invaginates into the lumen of another segment. Adult intussusception is less common than juvenile intussusception in terms of cause, appearance, and treatment. Because the clinical picture can be quite atypical and difficult to interpret, it is frequently misdiagnosed at first. Herein, we report the case of a previously healthy 23‐year‐old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea for 1 day following her last menstrual period. Ileocecal intussusception was discovered throughout the investigation. She was rushed for open abdominal surgery. Meckel's diverticulum was found as a pathologic lead point in the resected specimen, with no evidence of malignancy. Although intussusception is rare in adults, it should be considered in patients who have nonspecific stomach pain.
Fabrication of Hydroxyl‐Carboxyl Bifunctional Hyper‐Crosslinked Polymers for Selective Adsorption of Methylene Blue
Authors: Li Zhiyue , Liu Xuerui , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Taoyi , Chen Jing , Li Quan , Yu Yingchun , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wei Yun
Published: September 2022

Dyes are usual contaminants in aqueous solution. Some of them are carcinogenic and toxic. Hydroxyl‐carboxyl bifunctional hyper‐crosslinked polymers (HCHCP) carrying hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on their surface were fabricated for methylene blue (MB) adsorption by Friedel‐Crafts alkylation, using 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as a monomer. The maximum adsorption amount of MB was 751.88 mg g−1 according to the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics results demonstrated that the adsorption of MB followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic mode. In addition, the results of selective adsorption displayed that the HCHCP could separate MB from Acid Red 91 and methyl orange. Thus, HCHCP are promising adsorbents for cationic dyes.
Near‐Infrared Electrochromic Behavior of Dibenzothiepin Derivatives Attached with Two Michler's Hydrol Blue Units
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Takata Masaki , Shimajiri Takuya , Wu Luyan , Zeng Wenhui , Ye Deju , Suzuki Takanori
Published: September 2022

10,11‐Bis[bis(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)methylene]dibenzo[bf]thiepin (1) and ‐oxepin (2) were prepared as stable yellow crystalline compounds, which are the cyclic analogues of electron‐donating hexaarylbutadienes. Upon two‐electron oxidation, they are reversibly transformed into the title dications (12+ and 22+) exhibiting near‐infrared (NIR) absorptions, which were also isolated as stable salts. These redox pairs can serve as new entries into less well‐explored organic NIR‐electrochromic systems, and the separation of redox peaks (electrochemical bistability) was attained for 1/12+ and 2/22+, thanks to drastic geometrical changes between neutral and dicationic states, as revealed by a series of X‐ray analyses. Thiepin‐S,S‐dioxide analogue (3/32+) exhibits quite similar dynamic redox behavior due to nonaromatic nature of the dibenzothiepin and ‐oxepin unit in 12+ and 22+, whereas the thiepin‐S‐oxide derivative (4/42+) does not exhibit bistability due to the smaller change in geometry upon electron transfer, showing that a subtle change of a bridging atom in the central seven‐membered ring can modify the redox properties.
Integration of Microalgae‐Based Wastewater Bioremediation–Biorefinery Process to Promote Circular Bioeconomy and Sustainability: A Review
Authors: Singh Anamika , Shourie Abhilasha , Mazahar Samina
Published: September 2022

Bioremediation of wastewater using microalgae is inexpensive, energy efficient, and effective in pollutant reduction as compared to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Wastewater is a huge resource of minerals, nutrients, bioenergy, and valuable organic compounds and can be used for cultivation of microalgae. The microalgal biomass can be further used as biorefinery feedstock to produce biofuels and commercially important high‐value products. The potential of microalgae toward bioremediation and biorefinery applications presents the avenues for integrating the two processes to support circular bioeconomy and sustainability. This review presents a holistic view of integration of bioremediation and biorefinery processes using microalgae for deriving multiple benefits like pollutant removal, resource recovery, biofuel production, and generation of high‐value commercial products. The current status of high‐throughput microalgal screening technologies is also discussed since the selection of suitable microalgal strains is crucial for the application. The review further summarizes various processes involved in bioremediation and biorefinery systems such as cultivation, bioremediation, harvesting, and downstream processing. Recent trends in microalgal strain improvement for bioremediation and biorefinery applications through genetic engineering, bioinformatics, omics technologies, and genome editing tools are highlighted, while addressing the risks, biosafety issues, and regulatory affairs associated with genetically modified algae.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Soil Washing for Metals‐Contaminated Soil Using Various Washing Solutions
Authors: He Liwei , Zhou Xuejin , Cao Jingjing , Shen Liang
Published: September 2022

Bench‐scale soil washing experiments with and without ultrasound‐assistance are conducted to remove potentially toxic metals (PTMs) from contaminated soils by using artificially contaminated soil samples. Three washing solutions including distilled water, oxalic acid, and citric acid are tested for their efficacy in the removal of PTMs. Ultrasonication time and concentration of the extracting agents are considered as factors affecting the removal efficiency while the mechanism of removal is explored by studying the chemical species of PTMs before and after washing. The results indicate that ultrasound could have significant enhancement on the efficiency of soil washing. Moreover, analysis of the metallic species shows that the removal efficiency is dependent on the type of species. In general, more obvious enhancement of the removal efficiency is detected in the carbonate‐bound and Fe/Mn oxide‐bound fractions of lead, whereas for cadmium, it is for the carbonate‐bound, Fe/Mn oxide‐bound, and organic‐bound fractions compared to four different other forms of the metallic elements.
Associations between geography, decision‐making style, and interest in cancer clinical trial participation
Authors: Caston Nicole E. , Williams Courtney P. , Wan Clara , Ye Star , Pywell Cameron , Ingram Stacey A. , Azuero Andres , Sussell Jesse , Patel Shilpen , Arend Rebecca , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: September 2022

Background

Clinical trials offer novel treatments, which are essential to high quality cancer care. Patients living in rural areas are often underrepresented in clinical trials due to several factors. This study evaluated the association between rurality and interest in clinical trial participation, change in interest, and treatment decision‐making style preference.

Methods

This cohort study included patients with cancer receiving oncology care at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from 2017 to 2019. Associations between treatment decision‐making preference and the interaction between rurality and area deprivation were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Initial interest in clinical trial participation and change in interest were analyzed using modified Poisson regressions with robust standard errors. Initial interest model was stratified by Area Deprivation Index (ADI; higher vs. lower disadvantaged).

Results

In adjusted models, patients in rural versus urban areas had similar initial interest in clinical trials, both those in higher (40% vs. 50%) and lower disadvantaged settings (54% vs. 62%). Additionally, rural versus urban patients had similar change of clinical trial interest for both those who changed from uninterested‐to‐interested (31% vs. 26%) and interested‐to‐uninterested (47% vs. 42%).

Conclusion

This study compares the interest in clinical trial participation among patients living in rural and urban settings. Lack of interest may be secondary to barriers that patients in rural areas face (e.g., transportation, financial, access). Most rural patients prefer a shared treatment decision‐making style, which should be considered when identifying interventions to increase enrollment of underserved rural patients in clinical trials.
Fabrication of DNA‐based Biosensors Driven by Electrostatic Attractions on Electrodes Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kumari Prity , Adeloju Samuel
Published: September 2022

The use of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has attracted considerable interest for fabrication of chemical sensors and biosensors in recent years. In this study, we report on two ultrasensitive DNA biosensors based on a sensing mechanism driven by the electrostatic attraction of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ cations on electrode surfaces modified with Au‐MWCNTs and Au‐rGO. A one‐step pot synthesis was used to prepare these nanocomposites for the development of the DNA‐based biosensors. The detection of DNA with the biosensors was based on the electrostatic attraction of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ cations by the anionic phosphate backbone of DNA. The interfacial changes on the electrode surface upon hybridisation were detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The high conductivity and high surface to volume ratio properties of the carbon materials enabled significant enhancement of the response for the target DNA detection. The DPV response gave linear concentration ranges (LCRs) of 0.1–10,000 pM and 1–100 pM with the Au‐MWCNT and Au‐rGO‐based biosensors, respectively. Thus, indicating that the MWCNT‐based biosensor was more sensitive for DNA detection and achieved a wider LCR. Nevertheless, both MWCNT and rGO‐based biosensors exhibited very good discrimination against mismatch sequences.
Chloride Binding Modulated by Anion Receptors Bearing Tetrazine and Urea
Authors: Plais Romain , Gouarin Guy , Bournier Amélie , Zayene Olfa , Mussard Vanessa , Bourdreux Flavien , Marrot Jérome , Brosseau Arnaud , Gaucher Anne , Clavier Gilles , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Prim Damien
Published: September 2022

Modulation and fine‐tuning of the strength of weak interactions to bind anions are described in a series of synthetic receptors. The general design of the receptors includes both a urea motif and a tetrazine motif. The synthetic sequence towards three receptors is detailed. Impacts of H‐bond strength and linker length between urea and tetrazine on chloride complexation are studied. Binding properties of the chloride anion are examined in both the ground and excited states using a panel of analytical methods (NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, UV/Visible spectroscopies, and fluorescence). A ranking of the receptors by complexation strength has been determined, allowing a better understanding of the structure‐properties relationship on these compounds.
Ultra‐Bright Near‐Infrared Sulfonate‐Indolizine Cyanine‐ and Squaraine‐Albumin Chaperones: Record Quantum Yields and Applications
Authors: Meador William E. , Kapusta Karina , Owolabi Iyanuoluwani , Autry Shane A. , Saloni Julia , Kolodziejczyk Wojciech , Hammer Nathan I. , Flynt Alex S. , Hill Glake A. , Delcamp Jared H.
Published: September 2022

The Front Cover shows a single near‐infrared dye being laser‐excited and dimly fluorescing in an aqueous biological environment compared to a near‐infrared dye bound to albumin fluorescing brightly in the same environment. Cover designed by Karina Kapusta. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200127.
Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis with a Molecular Cobalt Bis(alkylimidazole)methane Complex in DMF: a Critical Activity Analysis
Authors: de Vos Sander D. , Otten Maartje , Wissink Tim , Broere Daniël L. J. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: September 2022

[Co(HBMIMPh2)2](BF4)2 (1) [HBMIMPh2=bis(1‐methyl‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methane] was investigated for its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in DMF using voltammetry and during controlled potential/current electrolysis (CPE/CCE) in a novel in‐line product detection setup. Performances were benchmarked against three reported molecular cobalt hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, [Co(dmgBF2)2(solv)2] (2) (dmgBF2=difluoroboryldimethylglyoximato), [Co(TPP)] (3) (TPP=5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrinato), and [Co(bapbpy)Cl](Cl) (4) [bapbpy=6,6′‐bis‐(2‐aminopyridyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine], showing distinct performances differences with 1 being the runner up in H2 evolution during CPE and the best catalyst in terms of overpotential and Faradaic efficiency during CCE. After bulk electrolysis, for all of the complexes, a deposit on the glassy carbon electrode was observed, and post‐electrolysis X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the deposit formed from 1 demonstrated only a minor cobalt contribution (0.23 %), mainly consisting of Co2+. Rinse tests on the deposits derived from 1 and 2 showed that the initially observed distinct activity was (partly) preserved for the deposits. These observations indicate that the molecular design of the complexes dictates the features of the formed deposit and therewith the observed activity.
Comparison of endoscopic submucosal resection with ligation and endoscopic submucosal dissection for small rectal neuroendocrine tumors: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Matsuno Kenshi , Miyamoto Hideaki , Kitada Hideki , Yoshimatsu Shinichi , Tamura Fumio , Sakurai Kouichi , Fukubayashi Kotaro , Shono Takashi , Setoyama Hiroko , Matsuyama Taichi , Suko Shinichiro , Narita Rei , Honda Munenori , Tateyama Masakuni , Naoe Hideaki , Morinaga Jun , Tanaka Yasuhito , Gushima Ryosuke
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Endoscopic submucosal resection with band ligation (ESMR‐L) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are both standard endoscopic resection methods for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) <10 mm in size. However, there is no definitive consensus on which is better. Here, we compared the efficacy of ESMR‐L and ESD for small rectal NETs.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study including 205 patients with rectal NETs who underwent ESMR‐L or ESD. Treatment outcomes were compared by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) using propensity scores. Subgroup analysis evaluated the impact of the endoscopist's experience on the technical outcome.

Results

Eighty‐nine patients were treated by ESMR‐L and 116 by ESD. The R0 resection rate was not significantly different between the two (90% vs. 92%, p = 0.73). The procedure time of ESMR‐L was significantly shorter than for ESD (17 min vs. 52 min, p < 0.01) and the hospitalization period was also significantly shorter (3 days vs. 5 days, p < 0.01). These results were confirmed by multivariate analysis and also after IPTW adjustment. The procedure time of ESD was significantly prolonged by a less‐experienced endoscopist (49 min vs. 70 min, p = 0.02), but that of ESMR‐L was not affected (17 min vs. 17 min, p = 0.27).

Conclusions

For small rectal NETs, both ESMR‐L and ESD showed similar high complete resection rates. However, considering the shorter procedure time and shorter hospitalization period, ESMR‐L is the more efficient treatment method, especially for less‐experienced endoscopists.
A systematic review: Cost‐effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring compared to self‐monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jiao Yuxin , Lin Rose , Hua Xinyang , Churilov Leonid , Gaca Michele J. , James Steven , Clarke Philip M. , O'Neal David , Ekinci Elif I.
Published: September 2022

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is rapidly becoming a vital tool in the management of type 1 diabetes. Its use has been shown to improve glycaemic management and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemic events. The cost of CGM remains a barrier to its widespread application. We aimed to identify and synthesize evidence about the cost‐effectiveness of utilizing CGM in patients with type 1 diabetes. Studies were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library from January 2010 to February 2022. Those that assessed the cost‐effectiveness of CGM compared to self‐monitored blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 1 diabetes and reported lifetime incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) were included. Studies on critically ill or pregnant patients were excluded. Nineteen studies were identified. Most studies compared continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and SMBG to a sensor‐augmented pump (SAP). The estimated ICER range was [$18,734–$99,941] and the quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gain range was [0.76–2.99]. Use in patients with suboptimal management or greater hypoglycaemic risk revealed more homogenous results and lower ICERs. Limited studies assessed CGM in the context of multiple daily injections (MDI) (n = 4), MDI and SMBG versus SAP (n = 2) and three studies included hybrid closed‐loop systems. Most studies (n = 17) concluded that CGM is a cost‐effective tool. This systematic review suggests that CGM appears to be a cost‐effective tool for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Cost‐effectiveness is driven by reducing short‐ and long‐term complications. Use in patients with suboptimal management or at risk of severe hypoglycaemia is most cost‐effective.
The role of ascending arousal network in patients with chronic insomnia disorder
Authors: Gong Liang , He Kewu , Cheng Fang , Deng Zhenping , Cheng Kang , Zhang Xi'e , Zhou Wenjun , Ou Jing , Wang Jian , Zhang Bei , Ding Xin , Xu Ronghua , Xi Chunhua
Published: September 2022

The ascending arousal system plays a crucial role in individuals' consciousness. Recently, advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has made it possible to investigate the ascending arousal network (AAN) in vivo. However, the role of AAN in the neuropathology of human insomnia remains unclear. Our study aimed to explore alterations in AAN and its connections with cortical networks in chronic insomnia disorder (CID). Resting‐state fMRI data were acquired from 60 patients with CID and 60 good sleeper controls (GSCs). Changes in the brain's functional connectivity (FC) between the AAN and eight cortical networks were detected in patients with CID and GSCs. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was employed to differentiate CID patients from GSCs and predict clinical symptoms in patients with CID. Finally, these MVPA findings were further verified using an external data set (32 patients with CID and 33 GSCs). Compared to GSCs, patients with CID exhibited increased FC within the AAN, as well as increased FC between the AAN and default mode, cerebellar, sensorimotor, and dorsal attention networks. These AAN‐related FC patterns and the MVPA classification model could be used to differentiate CID patients from GSCs with 88% accuracy in the first cohort and 77% accuracy in the validation cohort. Moreover, the MVPA prediction models could separately predict insomnia (data set 1, R2 = .34; data set 2, R2 = .15) and anxiety symptoms (data set 1, R2 = .35; data set 2, R2 = .34) in the two independent cohorts of patients. Our findings indicated that AAN contributed to the neurobiological mechanism of insomnia and highlighted that fMRI‐based markers and machine learning techniques might facilitate the evaluation of insomnia and its comorbid mental symptoms.