bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods of Equivalence Grouping by Congenitally Blind Children: Implications for Education
Authors: Hall Amanda
Published: March 2020

Explores ways in which congenitally blind children group objects and words. Such behavior provides information about their level of cognitive development. Differences in patterns of response as a function of age and type of tasks are presented, and the implications of these findings for the education of this population are discussed.
Tactile Graphics: Progress and Tasks
Authors: Goff James F.
Published: March 2020

A special forum for individuals to respond in detail to material published in the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness or to raise issues which relate to the specialized field of work with blind and visually handicapped persons. Contributions should be 350-1000 words in length.
A Comparison of the Sexual Learning Experiences of Visually Impaired and Sighted Women
Authors: Welbourne Ann , Lifschitz Sylvia , Selvin Hanan , Green Richard
Published: March 2020

Compares the sexual learning experiences of 39 visually impaired women with a matched group of sighted women. Visually impaired women had significantly lower sex knowledge scores, and obtained their information at a somewhat later age. The visually impaired women followed a sexual behavior development pattern similar to that of the sighted women, except for a later age of experience with sexual inter-course, despite the fact that totally blind women reached puberty at an earlier age than the other women. Includes participants’ recommendations for improving sex education for visually impaired people.
Sex Stereotyping in Vocational Counseling of Blind/Visually Impaired Persons: A National Study of Counselor Choices
Authors: Packer Jaclyn
Published: March 2020

Examines whether vocational rehabilitation counselors’ vocational suggestions and salary predictions for hypothetical clients are influenced by the client's sex. Half the subjects were presented with biographical data about a male client while the other half were presented with identical biographical data about a female client. Subjects tended to suggest sex-stereotypical jobs for both sexes, and tended, on the average, to predict that women would start at lower salaries and that they would be earning less money than men after five years at the job.
Choices and Chances in the 80s
Authors: Fiorito Eunice
Published: March 2020

Wider opportunities have been opened for blind women by the various civil rights movements of the past two decades. By acceding to the limited roles traditionally imposed on them by parents, teachers, and other authority figures, blind females have perpetuated beliefs in their essential helplessness and dependency. This image must now be overturned. Preparation, persistence, and performance are the keys to achieving the needed reversal.
Sexual Well-Being: A Goal for Young Blind Women
Authors: Neff Jan
Published: March 2020

Briefly adverts to developing sexuality and sexual awareness, with special reference to blind girls. Discusses the importance of establishing a sense of identity, individual and sexual, and structuring one's sexual growth by a conscious process of goal setting and achievement.
A Sense of Self
Authors: Decker Denise M.
Published: March 2020

A special forum for individuals to respond in detail to material published in the Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness or to raise issues which relate to the specialized field of work with blind and visually handicapped persons. Contributions should be 350-1000 words in length.
Social Cognition in Visually Impaired and Sighted Children
Authors: Schwartz Teri J.
Published: March 2020

This study tested two alternative hypotheses by comparing spatial role taking, social role taking, and referential communication in congenitally visually impaired and sighted children, aged 7-9. The first hypothesis suggests that visually impaired children need not differ from sighted children in cognitive social functioning if they have had significant verbal interaction with others. The second hypothesis suggests that visually impaired children perform social cognitive tasks less adequately than do sighted children because their opportunities to participate in games are restricted. The findings of the study support the first hypothesis with one significant difference: visually impaired children said more than did sighted children in their initial descriptions of abstract forms.
Improving Objective Measures of Mobility
Authors: Dodds Allan G. , Carter David D. C. , Howarth C. I.
Published: March 2020

Examines the shortcomings in existing objective measures of mobility in the light of evaluative experiences and demonstrates improvements in reliability, together with a new technique for tracking pavement position. Refutes the idea that it is not possible to measure improvement in performance objectively and attempts to give operational meaning to the term “enhancement.”
In Support of Specialized Programs for Blind and Visually Impaired Children: The Impact of Vision Loss on Learning
Authors: Hatlen P.H. , Curry S.A.
Published: March 2020

The learning needs of blind and visually impaired children can be divided into three categories: needs that are met by adapting the curriculum, needs that are met by changes in methodology, and developmental and educational needs that are unique to these children. To fulfill the needs in each category, it is essential that instruction be provided by special teachers of the visually impaired who are knowledgeable of the effects of the loss of vision on learning, trained in effective methods of adaptation and remediation, and sensitized to the emotional needs of this population.
Evaluating the Visually Impaired: Neuropsychological Techniques
Authors: Price J.R. , Mount G.R. , Coles E.A.
Published: March 2020

Techniques of neuropsychological assessment are discussed with emphasis on how some test batteries may be modified to be appropriate to the visually impaired population. Tests such as the Halstead-Reitan and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) are shown to be effective in evaluating visually impaired clients.
Children and Canes: An Adaptive Approach
Authors: Kronick M.K.
Published: March 2020

A sequence of canes has been developed at the Oregon School for the Blind for use by young blind and/or multihandicapped students to help compensate for the lack of gross motor development required to use a regular long cane. These canes can increase independence of movement at a time when motivation is at a peak.
Use of General Case Instruction with Visually Impaired, Multiply Handicapped Adults in the Sorting of National Zip Codes
Authors: Woolcock W.W. , Lengel M.B.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the acquisition of independent sorting skills on a representative sample of the first two digits in national zip codes (zip code prefixes) results in generalized independent sorting of all 100 national zip code prefixes. It was found that two of the three visually impaired, mentally retarded subjects demonstrated improved generalized performance on probes of their nontrained ability to sort 100 national zip code prefixes during and following instruction on 9 representative prefixes.
Independent Living for the Handicapped Elderly Community: A National View
Authors: Crews J.E. , Frey W.D. , Peterson P.E.
Published: March 2020

The first national survey of state blind rehabilitation units provides baseline data regarding independent living services for older and multiply disabled blind persons. The paper examines history and existing services, and defines policy and planning concerns. Ninety-one percent of 53 states and territories responded to the survey, and the article reveals directions for public policy.
Aging and Visual Impairment
Authors: Morse A.R. , Silberman R. , Trief E.
Published: March 2020

The incidence of visual impairment greatly increases with age. Diabetic retinopathy, senile cataracts, senile macular degeneration and glaucoma are the leading causes of blindness in elderly persons. Environmental modifications, such as levels of illumination and reduction of glare, can enhance an individual's ability to function in society. The nursing home population needs to pay attention to environmental factors as well as standardization of procedures for vision assessment. Much work is needed to develop programs to properly screen and treat the visual problems in elderly persons.
Orientation and Mobility for the Blind Multiply Handicapped Young Child
Authors: Harley R.K. , Long R.G. , Merbler J.B. , Wood T.A.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a programmed instructional program in orientation and mobility for blind multiply handicapped infants and toddlers below the developmental age of 3 years. Scales were developed for each of four major areas: motor development, cognitive development, movement and touch, and sound localization. Programmed instruction training materials were developed for each of these scales. The scales and programmed instruction were then field-tested with 22 multiply handicapped blind infants and toddlers functioning between 0 and 3 years of age. The children who received intervention from trainers using the programmed instructional materials demonstrated significant performance gains over the control subjects in the areas of cognitive development and movement and touch.
Special Visual Assessment Techniques for Multiply Handicapped Persons
Authors: Hall A. , Orel-Bixler D. , Haegerstrom-Portnoy G.
Published: March 2020

Techniques to assess vision capabilities of multihandicapped persons are discussed as used in a specialty Optometric clinic. The major emphasis of the assessment is to obtain information about visual abilities and to make recommendations that promote optimum vision functioning. Techniques for working with children from special populations are discussed. The assessment includes a modified ophthalmic examination to identify and correct refractive error and to assess oculomotor functioning and ocular health. Visual acuity is measured using preferential looking and visual evoked potential techniques. Confrontation visual fields are measured. Several aspects of visual function are assessed with a parent interview.
Sailing with Low Vision
Authors: Whittaker S.G. , Lovie-Kitchin J.E.
Published: March 2020

The key to the rehabilitation of a complex activity, such as sailing, involves the determination of specific goals or subtasks. For each specific goal, both visual and nonvisual mechanisms are considered. This report identifies the specific goals that should be met to enable an experienced skipper to maintain his or her ability to sail a yacht. Mechanisms are described that either failed or enabled achievement of the specific goals.
A Process Approach to Teaching Braille Writing at the Primary Level
Authors: Swenson A.M.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the process approach to writing instruction, now being implemented in many regular education classes, as it has been modified and used effectively for teaching braille writing to young children who are blind. Children who are taught braille writing as a process develop positive attitudes toward writing, making connections between reading and writing, and use writing for a variety of purposes.
The Vision Outreach Project: A Pilot Project to Train Teachers of Visually Impaired Students in Alabama
Authors: Sanspree M.J. , Allison C. , Gargiulo R.M.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the Vision Outreach Project—a one-year pilot project for training teachers of visually impaired students at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The project used video modules to provide distance education in rural and urban areas and incorporated students’ evaluations of future topics that are needed on videotapes to supplement classroom instruction.
Assessment and Training in Orientation and Mobility for Older Persons: Program Development and Testing
Authors: Straw L.B. , Harley R.K.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on the revision and field tests in the final stages of a three-year project to develop an assessment instrument and programmed instruction in orientation and mobility for visually impaired persons over age 60. The goal was to produce materials that could be administered by professionals and lay persons who are involved with visually impaired persons in a variety of individual environments.
Tactual Strip Maps as Navigational Aids
Authors: Golledge R.G.
Published: March 2020

This article reviews the history of and the theories behind the use of tactual maps by blind and visually impaired travelers. It discusses textual patterns, symbols, and graphics and the differences between conventional geographic-cartographic maps and strip maps used as navigational aids. Current advances include disposable, quick-to-produce, and easy-to-update strip maps, as well as devices for their production.
An Alternative Approach to Staff Development
Authors: Ayers E.J. Bailey , Fredericks H.D.
Published: March 2020

The TASH Technical Assistance Project was developed to assist state VI-C coordinators with their staff training efforts designed to benefit children and youth who have deaf-blindness. The evaluation data indicate that the project has been successful, and that it offers a viable approach to other in-service training programs. This article describes the technical assistance project and provides the evaluation data for one project year.
Psychological Factors in Acquired Visual Impairment: The Development of a Scale of Adjustment
Authors: Dodds A.G. , Bailey P. , Pearson A. , Yates L.
Published: March 2020

A number of psychological variables bearing on the process of adjustment to acquired visual loss are examined conceptually and empirically in an attempt to clarify their relationships and to develop a testable model of adjustment which might enable rehabilitation specialists to identify clients with special problems, evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, and determine the role of psychological factors in the context of skill acquisition. The model presented offers an alternative to existing psychodynamic models in that it is in principle a testable one. Preliminary analysis of data has resulted in the devising of a questionnaire tentatively called the Nottingham Adjustment Scale, which practitioners and researchers are encouraged to use.
Low Vision: A Working Paper for the World Health Organization
Authors: Lawrence M. , Lovie-Kitchin J. , Brohier W.G.
Published: March 2020

This article has been adapted from a paper presented by the authors to the WHO (World Health Organization) Programme Advisory Group on Prevention of Blindness. The article, by focusing on representative countries, reports on low vision needs and services around the world.
The Efficacy of Comprehension Training and Reading Practice for Print Readers with Macular Loss
Authors: Watson G.R. , Wright V. , de L'Aune W.
Published: March 2020

The objectives of the project reported here were to discover whether the rehabilitation of reading recognition allows comprehension of print for low vision individuals who were former readers and to develop and test training strategies for enhancing comprehension for those who do not achieve good comprehension.
Teaching Braille Reading to Students with Low Vision
Authors: Holbrook M.C. , Koenig A.J.
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the most effective ways to teach students who have low vision to read braille. It covers motivating students and parents to learn braille; and it discusses two types of instruction: parallel instruction in which a student learns to read both print and braille and nonparallel instruction in which a student with skills in basic print reading is introduced to braille. The article also examines five instructional approaches.
The Need for Vision in Teaching Orientation and Mobility
Authors: Wiener W.R. , Bliven H.S. , Bush D. , Ligammari K. , Newton C.
Published: March 2020

The study presented here was a series of three experiments that examined the ability of blind individuals and individuals simulating the visual acuity of 20/400 to monitor the behaviors of a cane traveler in various environments and at distances between 10 feet and 25 feet.
Augmenting Assessment Procedures for Children with Severe Multiple Handicaps and Sensory Impairments
Authors: Morse M.T.
Published: March 2020

Functional visual assessments of children with severe neurological and physical handicaps are difficult to conduct and frequently do not provide clear guidelines for training. The addition of a learn a routine procedure, which capitalizes on the child's interest of the moment, provides information on the child's patterns of responses, ability to accommodate to variations of a stimulus, and strategies for interaction.
The Use of Portable Computers: A Survey of Visually Impaired College Students
Authors: Todd N.
Published: March 2020

This survey of 10 visually impaired college students found that the students used portable (laptop) computers to produce assignments and to perform other tasks, as well as to take notes in class. The use of laptops seemed to foster the students’ independence and gave them sufficient time to complete their work.
A Job-seeking Skills Program for Persons who are Blind or Visually Impaired
Authors: Ryder B.E. , Kawalec E.S.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on a small-group, job-seeking skills program that was implemented at a rehabilitation center for persons with visual impairments. It describes the methods used to help the participants increase their employability and discusses the characteristics of the program and the participants that influenced readiness for employment.
Vision, Educational Level, and Empowering Work Relationships
Authors: Johnson G.M.
Published: March 2020

Machinists (blind, sighted, and visually impaired) answered questions about trust, resource sharing, and empowerment in their work relationships. Employees with low vision were the least trusting and trusted, received the fewest shared resources, and reported proportionately more disempowering relationships. The more educated employees, regardless of their visual status, gave and received trust and resources more readily, saw more of their relationships as empowering, and were seen as empowering by others.
Spatial Orientation and Congenital Blindness: A Neuropsychological Approach
Authors: Stuart I.
Published: March 2020

Tests of a neuropsychological model for spatial orientation in the absence of vision were developed and administered to 31 children who are congenitally blind. The results supported the model and indicated that some congenitally blind subjects had focal brain damage, sufficient to impair their capacity to be accurately oriented in physical space.
Small-scale versus Large-scale Spatial Reasoning: Educational Implications for Children who are Visually Impaired
Authors: Potter L.E.
Published: March 2020

People process small-scale and large-scale spatial information differently. Although these differences are part of normal cognitive development, they may also be the result of substantial neurological abnormalities and may be confounded by visual impairment. This article reviews developmental and neuropsychological evidence of these differences and their implications for teaching children who are visually impaired.
Visual Rehabilitation of Persons with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Rudanko S.-L.
Published: March 2020

This article presents the results of a noncontrolled clinical study of 20 persons with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy who were treated from 1976 to 1990 at the Low Vision Centre, Finnish Federation of the Visually Handicapped. It emphasizes the importance of early functional visual rehabilitation and the use of low vision aids to help patients perform their daily activities.
Accessibility and Mobility of Persons who are Visually Impaired: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Blasch B.B. , Stuckey K.A.
Published: March 2020

Traveling without sight presents challenges and, for some individuals, significant limitations. This article traces the historical development of two movements—orientation and mobility training and environmental modifications to increase access—that strive to reduce those limitations.
Relationship of the Blind Learning Aptitude Test to Braille Reading Skills
Authors: Baker C.P. , Koenig A.J. , Sowell V.M.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the validity of the Blind Learning Aptitude Test (BLAT). The findings revealed significant correlations between scores on the BLAT and braille oral reading speed, comprehension, age, grade, years of blindness, intelligence, and achievement. The relationship between the BLAT scores and comprehension was stronger than the relationship between BLAT scores and braille reading speed.
Audible Signage as a Wayfinding Aid: Verbal Landmark versus Talking Signs
Authors: Bentzen B.L. , Mitchell P.A.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on an evaluation of two technologies—Verbal Landmark and Talking Signs—that provide speech messages to handheld receivers. On all measures, the Talking Signs system proved superior to the Verbal Landmark system.
Perspective Taking: Knowledge of Level 1 and Level 2 Rules by Congenitally Blind, Low Vision, and Sighted Children
Authors: Miletic G.
Published: March 2020

This article reports on a study of the knowledge of the Level 1 and Level 2 rules of perspective taking by three groups of 8-year-old children with three visual conditions. Although all groups of children had knowledge of the Level 1 rules, their knowledge of the Level 2 rules was affected by their vision. Thus, the sighted children performed better than the children with low vision, and the children with low vision performed better than those who were congenitally blind.
What Goes Down When Advice Goes Up: Younger Advisers Underestimate Their Impact
Authors: Zhang Ting , North Michael S.
Published: March 2020

Common wisdom suggests that older is wiser. Consequently, people rarely give advice to older individuals—even when they are relatively more expert—leading to missed learning opportunities. Across six studies ( N = 3,445), we explore the psychology of advisers when they are younger (reverse advising), the same age (peer advising), or older (traditional advising) than their advisees. Study 1 shows that advisers avoid reverse-advising interactions because they perceive that their relative youth makes them less effective. However, when compared to advisees’ actual perceptions, reverse advisers are misguided, as they underestimate their effectiveness when giving general life advice (Study 2a–2b) as well as tactical advice (Studies 3–4). This misperception is in part driven by advisers’ beliefs about their own competence and others’ receptivity. Finally, we demonstrate an intervention that mitigates advisers’ misguided beliefs (Study 5). Contrary to advisers’ own perceptions and popular belief, these findings illustrate that being relatively young can also mean being an impactful adviser.
National Geographical Variation in Sinus Balloon Dilation
Authors: Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Rathi Vinay K. , Feng Allen L. , Workman Alan D. , Phillips Katie M. , Barbarite Eric , Bergmark Regan W. , Scangas George A. , Metson Ralph
Published: March 2020

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to describe national variations in sinus balloon dilation (SBD), examine the relationship between endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and SBD prevalence patterns, and evaluate associations between reimbursement rates and regional variations in sinus surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment (PUP) Part B Data from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016.

Subjects and Methods

Physicians in the PUP Part B Database Performing ESS or SBD in 2016. States were stratified into average‐ or high‐volume utilizers based on the number of ESS procedures and SBD procedures per population and compared.

Results

Eight states were classified as high‐volume utilizers of SBD—Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Texas. Only 3 of these states—Kansas, Mississippi, and Nevada—were classified as high‐volume utilizers of ESS. Reimbursement rates were significantly higher for SBD as compared to ESS ($1538 [interquartile range (IQR), 1473‐1664] vs $335 [IQR, 261‐412] per procedure, P <. 001). High‐volume utilizer SBD states had a higher number of otolaryngologists (13.0 [IQR, 7‐16] vs 6.0 [IQR, 2‐3]) otolaryngologists per state (P <. 001) and a trend toward an increased rate of performing ESS procedures (19 [IQR, 19‐41] vs 6.0 [IQR, 2‐32], P =. 034) procedures per million residents) than average‐volume utilizer SBD states.

Conclusions

The southern United States has a significantly higher rate of SBD procedures performed compared to the rest of the country, but these rates do not appear to be directly related to statewide variations in SBD reimbursement.
Efficacy and cognitive effect of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chang Chun-Hung , Lin Chieh-Hsin , Liu Chieh-Yu , Chen Shaw-Ji , Lane Hsien-Yuan
Published: March 2020

Background:

Sarcosine (N-methylglycine), a type 1 glycine transporter inhibitor (GlyT1), has shown therapeutic potential for treating schizophrenia; however, studies have reported conflicting results. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy and cognitive effect of sarcosine for schizophrenia.

Methods:

In this study, PubMed, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched electronically for double-blinded randomised controlled trials that used sarcosine for treating schizophrenia. We used the published trials up to November 2019 to investigate the efficacy of sarcosine in schizophrenia. We pooled studies by using a random-effect model for comparing sarcosine treatment effects. Patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition were recruited. Clinical improvement and cognitive function scores between baseline and after sarcosine use were compared using the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The heterogeneity of the included trials was evaluated through visual inspection of funnel plots and through the I2 statistic.

Results:

We identified seven trials with 326 participants with schizophrenia meeting the inclusion criteria. All these studies evaluated the overall clinical symptoms, and four of them evaluated overall cognitive functions. Sarcosine use achieved more significant effects than the use of its comparators in relieving overall clinical symptoms (SMD = 0.51, CI = 0.26–0.76, p < 0.01). Moreover, studies with the low Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale range of 70–79 showed significant effect size (ES)s of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.03–1.31, p = 0.04). In addition, trials enrolling patients with stable clinical symptoms had significant ESs: 0.53 (95% CI: 0.21–0.85, p < 0.01). Add-on sarcosine combined with first- and second-generation antipsychotics, except clozapine, had a positive effect. For overall cognitive functions, sarcosine showed a positive but insignificant effect compared with its comparators (SMD = 0.27, CI = −0.06 to 0.60, p = 0.10). The effects were correlated with increased female proportions and decreased illness duration, albeit nonsignificantly.

Conclusions:

The meta-analysis suggests that sarcosine may be associated with treatment effect on overall clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but not cognitive functions.
Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Diffuse Remodeling, Focal Lesions, and the Involvement of Macrophages and New Vessel Formation
Authors: Gasparini Stefania , Fonfara Sonja , Kitz Sarah , Hetzel Udo , Kipar Anja
Published: March 2020

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is among the most common cardiac diseases in dogs. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, but myocardial remodeling and inflammation are suspected to be involved. The present study aimed to characterize the pathological processes in canine DCM, investigating morphological changes in association with the expression of relevant cytokines and remodeling markers. The myocardium of 17 dogs with DCM and 6 dogs without cardiac diseases was histologically evaluated, and selected cases were further examined by immunohistochemistry, morphometry, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. In DCM, the myocardium exhibited subtle but statistically significant diffuse quantitative changes. These comprised increased interstitial collagen deposition and macrophage numbers, as well as an overall reduced proportion of contractile tissue. This was accompanied by a significant increase in myocardial transcription of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, inflammatory cytokines, and remodeling enzymes. Laser microdissection showed that cardiomyocytes transcribed most relevant markers including ICAM-1, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) 1 and TIMP-2. In addition, there were multifocal cell-rich lesions characterized by fibrosis, neovascularization, macrophage infiltration, and cardiomyocyte degeneration. In these, macrophages were often found to express ICAM-1, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor; the former two were also expressed by cardiomyocytes. These results characterize the diffuse myocardial remodeling processes that occur in DCM. The observed multifocal cell-rich lesions might result from reduced tissue perfusion. Macrophages and cardiomyocytes seem to actively contribute to the remodeling processes, which ultimately lead to cardiac dilation and dysfunction. The precise role of the involved cells and the factors initiating the remodeling process still needs to be identified.
Posterior Shoulder Instability: Surgical Outcomes and Risk of Failure in Adolescence
Authors: Asturias Alicia M. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Pennock Andrew T. , Edmonds Eric W.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction has proven to be effective in treating posterior shoulder instability. Few studies have examined the risk factors that may contribute to poor outcomes in the adolescent population.

Purpose:

To identify risk factors for surgical failure by comparing anatomic and subjective variations in children who underwent surgical intervention for posterior shoulder instability.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery at one institution between 2011 and 2018 were reviewed. Patients >18 years old at presentation and those with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were excluded. Posterior instability was defined as unidirectional subluxation on posterior drawer testing while under anesthesia. Two-year minimum follow-up was required, but those whose treatment failed earlier were included for calculation purposes. Demographics and intraoperative findings were recorded, as were Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scoring, Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulder Survey (PASS), and the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) results. Major complication was defined as revision arthroscopy or redislocation, and minor complications included self-reporting a poor outcome score (eg, SANE score <65).

Results:

A total of 48 children (23 girls and 25 boys) met criteria, with a mean age of 16.5 years (range, 12.4-17.9 years) and a mean follow-up of 3.75 years. Fifteen (31.3%) patients had a complication by our criteria, including 12.5% with surgical failures; regarding major complications, boys were treated successfully 96% of the time and girls 78% of the time ( P = .049). Of the anatomic and subjective variables tested, only younger age ( P≤ .001) and presentation type ( P < .05) were correlated with complications. SANE scores differed significantly ( P < .002) by presentation type, with mean scores of 52 (trauma), 94 (recurrent instability), and 81 (pain). QuickDASH scores demonstrated patients with a history of trauma (mean, 37), instability (mean, 9), and pain (mean, 11).

Conclusion:

Adolescents treated surgically for posterior shoulder instability are at risk of treatment failure (when including outcome scores), and it appears that patients of female sex, younger age, and traumatic presentation are at the highest risk to require revision surgery or experience continued limitations secondary to their shoulder.
Bone regeneration by bone morphogenetic protein-2 from porous beads with leaf-stacked structure for critical-sized femur defect model in dogs
Authors: Hong Sung Jin , Oh Se Heang , Lee Sung Lim , Kim Na-Hyun , Choe Yong Ho , Yim Hyeong Jun , Lee Jae-Hoon
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate whether porous beads with a leaf-stacked scaffold loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2, with sustained release for up to four weeks, were beneficial to a dog model of critical long bone defects and capable of promoting bone regeneration without side effects. Critical long bone defects were created in the femoral diaphyses of 21 dogs. Each critical defect was fixed with an intramedullary pin and an universal locking plate. Leaf-stacked scaffold beads were implanted into the defect, which was covered with a membrane. Nineteen samples were evaluated 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery using simple radiographs, serum chemistry measurements, histological staining, and gene expression analysis. Sustained bone morphogenetic protein-2 release from the leaf-stacked scaffold continued for four weeks and consistently affected the expression of early and late osteogenesis factors. The results suggest that sustained bone morphogenetic protein-2 release is effective for bone regeneration, with minimal side effects.
Integration of Mixed Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research: Development of a Disease Prevention Intervention for Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Women
Authors: Leiter Elisheva , Finkelstein Adi , Donchin Milka , Greenberg Keren L. , Keidar Osnat , Wetzler Sima , Siemiatycki Sara , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Zwas Donna R
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To describe the development of the first disease prevention intervention with ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) women in Israel using mixed methods and community-based participatory research (CBPR).

Design:

This collaborative, 7-staged development process used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design integrated into a community-based participatory approach.

Setting:

The UOJ community in Israel, a high-risk, low socioeconomic, culturally insular minority that practices strict adherence to religious standards, maintains determined seclusion from mainstream culture and preserves traditional practices including extreme modesty and separation between the sexes.

Participants:

Women from a targeted UOJ community in Israel with distinct geographic, religious, and cultural parameters. These included 5 key informant interviewees, 5 focus groups with 6 to 8 participants in each, a cluster randomized sample of 239 questionnaire respondents (an 87% response rate), and 11 steering committee participants.

Method:

Qualitative data were analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis by 2 researchers. Quantitative data were collected via questionnaire (designed based on qualitative findings) and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics.

Results:

Barriers to health behavior engagement and intervention preferences were identified. The final intervention included walking programs, health newsletters, community leader trainings, teacher and student trainings, and health integration into schools.

Conclusion:

Utilizing mixed methods in CBPR improved cultural tailoring, potentially serving as a model for intervention design in other difficult to access, low socioeconomic, and culturally insular populations.
Improved synthesis and properties of BTDA-TDI/MDI ternary copolyimides via microwave-assisted polycondensation
Authors: Wang Yi , Huang Mengyao , Lei Yi
Published: March 2020

Polyimides are usually synthesized over a long period of time, and the process is complex. In order to shorten the synthesis time and simplify the process, we developed an improved synthesis method, namely, microwave-assisted polycondensation. The 3,3′-4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA)–2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI)/1,1′-methylenebis(4-isocyanatobenzene) (MDI) ternary copolyimides prepared in this work have been synthesized using microwave heating at rather short reaction times (15 min), without the need for either the once-off addition of TDI/MDI or the drop-wise addition of that mixture. The structure of the desired ternary copolyimide was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Its glass-transition temperature is above 400°C, and the temperature for 5% thermal loss under nitrogen atmosphere is 508.8°C. The tensile strength is 141 MPa, which shows that the microwave-assisted copolyimide has excellent heat resistance and mechanical properties.
Heat transfer analysis of ethylene glycol-based Casson nanofluid around a horizontal circular cylinder with MHD effect
Authors: Alwawi Firas A , Alkasasbeh Hamzeh T , Rashad AM , Idris Ruwaidiah
Published: March 2020

In this work, efforts were taken to investigate the free convection of ethylene glycol-based Casson nanofluid and it is affected by a magnetic field about a horizontal circular cylinder. Three different types of oxide nanoparticles were used along with constant wall temperature. Tiwari and Das's nanofluid model was used to investigate the MHD free convective flow of Casson nanofluid. The transformed governing PDEs were solved via the Keller box method. Numerical and graphical findings were acquired by using MATLAB software, in addition to studying and analyzing the influence of related parameters, on the velocity, temperature, local skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. The results demonstrate that copper oxide ethylene glycol-based Casson nanofluid has the lowest local Nusselt number, velocity and, it has the highest temperature. Also, our results were in excellent agreement with prior published results.
Acoustic distribution study inside centrifugal pump impeller under different blade outlet angles using the Powell vortex sound theory
Authors: Guo Chang , Gao Ming , Wang Jingying
Published: March 2020

The acoustic distribution characteristics inside centrifugal pump impeller under different blade outlet angles are explored based on the Powell vortex sound theory. It is shown that the increase in the blade outlet angle narrows the fluctuation ranges of the acoustic source and acoustic pressure perturbation at the impeller outlet far away from the tongue, while extends those near the tongue. The total acoustic source intensity and total acoustic pressure level at the impeller outlet far away from the tongue decrease by 1.23% and 1.17%, respectively, while those near the tongue increase by 0.64% and 0.94% when the angle increases from 15° to 35°, respectively. Additionally, under different blade outlet angles, the total acoustic source intensity and total acoustic pressure level on the streamline far away from the tongue increase rapidly first, then increase slowly from inlet to outlet of the impeller. On the streamline near the tongue, a mutation of total acoustic source intensity and total acoustic pressure level appears near the impeller outlet, and the mutation range moves towards the middle section of the impeller with increasing blade outlet angle and rotational speed. In addition, the A-weighted average acoustic source intensity level and A-weighted average acoustic pressure level increase by 0.4% and 1.22% when the angle increases from 15° to 35°, respectively. The study reveals the rotor–stator interaction intensity evolution characteristics, and provides a reference for the optimization design of centrifugal pumps.
Effective reduction plan for greenhouse gas inventories of local governments
Authors: Been Eun-Mi , Park Young-Kwon , Kim Kyung-Tae
Published: March 2020

The main purpose of this study is to propose a reduction of inventory based on non-industrial sectors reflecting the characteristics of local governments and efficient greenhouse gas reduction activities in Korea. Although national government has implemented various policies and systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it would only remain in industrial and public areas. Thus, in order to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions, local governments should play a major role as a leading management entity and it is necessary to adopt efficient and systematic management of the non-industrial sector, which accounted for a significant portion of the country’s emissions. However, the policy of the local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has not been effective due to lacking in connectivity to the central government’s plan or presenting it in a simple listing format. The characteristics of inventory building such as main purpose, boundary setting, emission source, policy setting, range, organizing body, relevant law of inventory building between national government, and local governments are quite different from the start. In order to reflect the actual greenhouse gas reduction activities of the local governments, this study reconstructs the categories that are considered to have management authority in the local governments such as home, commercial, and road transportation among the scope 1 of the local governments inventory and scope 2 for establishing effective policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in local governments. This study also proposes reduced inventory by reorganizing categories that local governments deem to have managerial authority among direct and indirect emission of greenhouse gas inventory.
The fable of “The Doctor and the Goose,” by Charles Chauvin Boisclair Deléry, D.M.P.
Authors: Wright James R , McIntyre Lynn
Published: March 2020

Charles Chauvin Boisclair Deléry, D.M.P. – doctor of medicine of Paris, was perhaps the prototypical representative of Creole physicians, practising medicine in Louisiana in the 1800s, who were regarded as being equally proficient with pen, pills or pistols. This paper presents accounts of Deléry’s yellow fever debate with Jean-Charles Faget, D.M.P., and their near duel, and his famous duel with Joseph Rouanet. Because of the personal and professional need to maintain honor, Rouanet may have challenged Deléry to a duel, not only because of vociferous disagreements between them over blood transfusion safety and efficacy, but due to Deléry’s humiliation of Rouanet in his fable, “the Doctor and the Goose.” We recovered the poem, transcribed and translated it, and discuss it as a device of witty rhetorical persuasion—a technique of the time used to belittle one’s learned opponents. Fortunately, Deléry was not as equally proficient with pens and pistols, as both he and Rouanet survived the duel.
“Online Training Is Great but Human Interaction Is Better”: Training Preferences of VA Interdisciplinary Palliative Care Consult Teams
Authors: Williams Beverly Rosa , Bailey F. Amos , Goode Patricia S. , Kvale Elizabeth A. , Slay Laurie A. , Bakitas Marie A. , Burgio Kathryn L.
Published: March 2020

A growing body of research has examined modalities for delivering palliative care education; however, we know little about education and training preferences of VA interdisciplinary Palliative Care Consult Teams (PCCT). In the BEACON II study, we explored training preferences of PCCTs from 46 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) participating in either a multisite webinar or a small group, in-person workshop. We interviewed participants by telephone seven to eight month post-training. In all, 75.9% preferred in-person education and training, including 78.9% of workshop participants and 73.1% of webinar participants. Respondents described in-person training as fostering learning through the following processes: (1) active engagement and focus, (2) interaction and networking, (3) meaning-making and relevance, and (4) reciprocity and commitment. Although it is not possible for Web-based palliative care education programs to replicate all aspects of the in-person learning experience, building experiential, interactive, meaningful, and reciprocal components into Web-based education may help shift preferences and make interdisciplinary team-based palliative care education accessible to a larger audience.
An improved nonlinear damage model of rocks considering initial damage and damage evolution
Authors: Feng Wenlin , Qiao Chunsheng , Niu Shuangjian , Yang Zhao , Wang Tan
Published: March 2020

The experimental results show that the creep properties of the rocks are affected by the initial damage, and the damage evolution also has a significant impact on the time-dependent properties of the rocks during the creep. However, the effects of the initial damage and the damage evolution are seldom considered in the current study of the rocks' creep models. In this paper, a new nonlinear creep damage model is proposed based on the multistage creep test results of the sandstones with different damage degrees. The new nonlinear creep damage model is improved based on the Nishihara model. The influences of the initial damage and the damage evolution on the components in the Nishihara model are considered. The creep damage model can not only describe the changes in three creep stages, namely, the primary creep, the secondary creep, and the tertiary creep, but also reflect the influence of the initial damage and the damage evolution on creep failure. The nonlinear least squares method is used to determine the parameters in the nonlinear creep damage model. The consistency between the experimental data and the predicted results indicates the applicability of the nonlinear damage model to accurately predict the creep deformation of the rocks with initial damage.
Chaotic dynamics of cylindrical roller bearing supported by unbalanced rotor due to localized defects
Authors: Patra Pravajyoti , Huzur Saran V , Harsha Suraj P
Published: March 2020

This article presents a nonlinear vibration signature study of high-speed defective cylindrical roller bearings under unbalance rotor conditions. Qualitative analysis is conducted considering a spall defect of a specific size on major elements such as outer race, inner race, and rollers. A spring-mass model with nonlinear stiffness and damping is formulated to study the dynamic behavior of the rotor-bearing model. The set of nonlinear differential equations are solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to predict the characteristics of the discrete spectra and analyze the stability of the system. The results show that higher impulsive forces are generated because of outer race defects than defects in the inner race and roller. This can be explained as every time the roller passes through the defect in the outer race during rotation, the energy is released. However, in the case of both the roller and inner race defects, the impulsive force generated in the load zone is averaged because of the force generated in the unloading zone. The route to chaos from periodic to quasiperiodic response has been observed and analyzed that vibration signature is very much sensitive not only to the defects of bearing components but also to the rotor speed.