bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous recordings of skin conductance change during sleep
Authors: Shiihara Yasufumi , Umezawa Akio , Sakai Yasujiro , Kamitamari Norikazu , Kodama Masahisa
Published: March 2003

Using a new compact and stable device, skin conductance change (SCC) was measured in five female undergraduates during sleep. The SCC trends and waveforms were almost identical to those of simultaneously recorded skin potential activity (SPA). A gradual increase in sympathetic sweating during sleep was also observed using SCC. However, the confounding effects of a burst of positive skin potential responses usually seen in SPA were absent using SCC.
Nocturnal sleep spindle activity in blind subjects
Authors: Hono Takahiro , Hiroshige Yoshiharu , Miyata Yo
Published: March 2003

Abstract To determine spindle activity during sleep in congenitally blind subjects, electroencephalogram sleep recordings were done on two or three consecutive nights in five subjects aged in their 20s and 30s. The number per minute and the duration of sleep spindles, scored visually, were compared with the data of sighted persons of comparable ages. The results indicated that the total number of sleep spindles a night was ranged from 117 to 585, and the number per minute ranged 0.52 to 2.06 during stage 2. Both values were much less than the values of sighted persons.
The survey of sleeping time of junior high school students: A study on the sleep questionnaire
Authors: Yamaguchi Nariyoshi , Kawamura Shoko , Maeda Yoshiki
Published: March 2003

We investigated the questionnaire study on sleep of junior high school students to estimate the effect of excessive study hours on their sleep time in 1998. A total of 501 students answered the questionnaire. It was noted that most of the students sleep for 6–8 h on weekdays. The majority of the students of the junior high school felt that their sleep is insufficient on weekdays.
Functions of the uvula and Z‐pharyngoplasty
Authors: Mukai Susumu , Mukai Chikako , Nitta Masayoshi
Published: March 2003

UPPP includes uvulotomy. The uvula works as the pilot for eating and swallowing. We performed an operation which left the uvula intact and opened the pharynx by Z‐opening the palate, Z‐pharyngoplasty (ZPP). Twenty‐four patients were studied before and after ZPP. The results of the operations were satisfactory. No patients complained of symptoms after uvulectomy. As for the changes indicated by sleep monitoring, minimum SaO2 increased significantly (P = 0.0026), pulse rate decreased significantly (P = 0.0144), apnea index decreased significantly (P = 0.0392), snoring decreased (P = 0.064), and the amount of hours of sleep when SaO2 was over 95% increased (P = 0.0690) after ZPP.
Bright light treatment for night‐time insomnia and daytime sleepiness in elderly people: Comparison with a short‐acting hypnotic
Authors: Usui Akira , Ishizuka Yoshikazu , Matsushita Yutaka , Fukuzawa Hitoshi , Kanba Shigenobu
Published: March 2003

Abstract Night‐time bright light (BL) treatment and triazolam (0.125 mg/day) were given to three healthy elderly people in a cross‐over design. They kept a daytime sleepiness test and a sleep log, and their wrist‐activity was monitored simultaneously. Subjectively, BL increased daytime sleepiness and naps, and decreased night‐time sleep. Triazolam decreased daytime sleepiness and naps, and increased night‐time sleep. Actigraphic night‐time sleep and naps on the first day were similar to these results. However, on the fourth day night‐time insomnia induced by BL had recovered, and naps were shorter than the baseline. Triazolam increased actigraphic naps as the days passed.
Psychological effects of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Itai Takahiro , Amayasu Hideaki , Kuribayashi Michito , Kawamura Naoko , Okada Motohiro , Momose Akishi , Tateyama Toshiko , Narumi Kumiko , Uematsu Waka , Kaneko Sunao
Published: March 2003

Abstract Effects of aromatherapy (odorless condition, lavender, and hiba oil) on mood and anxiety were investigated in 14 female patients who were being treated with chronic hemodialysis. A control period consisting of natural hospital smells was established before each test session, and then aromatic test conditions were systematically evaluated for odorless conditions as well as aromatic conditions containing lavender and hiba oil aromas. The effects of aromatherapy were measured using the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) and the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAMA). Hiba oil aroma significantly decreased the mean scores of HAMD and HAMA, and lavender aroma significantly decreased the mean scores of HAMA. The mean scores of HAMD and HAMA in an odorless condition were not significantly different from those of the control conditions. These results indicate that in chronic hemodialysis patients hiba oil is an effective, non‐invasive means for the treatment of depression and anxiety, and that lavender alleviates anxiety.
Women's dreams reported during first pregnancy
Authors: Dagan Yaron , Lapidot Anat , Eisenstein Michal
Published: March 2003

Abstract This study analysed women's dreams reported during first pregnancy, a subject matter located at the crossroads of the psychology of dreams and the psychology of pregnancy. In the comparison of dreams reported by first‐time pregnant women, to those reported by controls, we hypothesized that pregnant women's dreams would: (i) include more pregnancy‐related content; (ii) display a higher degree of anxiety; and (iii) rate higher on a primary‐process thinking (PPT) scale. As predicted, it was found that pregnancy‐related contents significantly occupied pregnant women's dreams, a fact that might be attributed to an attempt to process and master the experience. Contrary to our expectations, it was found that anxiety and PPT were not significantly higher among pregnant women. An attempt to account for these findings raised methodological, as well as theoretical issues, consequently leading to a re‐examination of the original hypotheses. Thus, it was claimed that the linkage of pregnancy to increased anxiety and PPT is grossly unbalanced.
Course and outcome of Bipolar II disorder: A retrospective study
Authors: Benazzi Franco
Published: March 2003

Abstract To study course and outcome of Bipolar II disorder, 217 major depressive episode (MDE) patients were interviewed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV. Patients with more than three MDE and patients with fewer MDE were compared. Patients with more than three MDE were 77.8%. Comparisons, controlled for confounding effects of age and illness duration, found that patients with many MDE had significantly lower age at onset and more chronicity. Results support subtyping of Bipolar II in a small good‐outcome group, and a large moderate–poor‐outcome group.
Basal forebrain microinjections of L‐3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine modify sleep in hypothyroid rats
Authors: Zhang Shi‐Qing , Martin Joseph V.
Published: March 2003

Male rats were injected bilaterally with various doses of L‐3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine (T3) into basal forebrain areas. The electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and brain temperature (Tbr) were then measured in 8‐h studies. In the medial preoptic area (MPA), a 4 μg dose of T3 caused significant elevations in REM sleep as compared to control injections. In the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), both 2 and 4 μg doses of T3 significantly inhibited non‐REM sleep. Injections to the diagonal band of Broca did not alter EEG‐defined sleep. Influences on Tbr were not significant for any of the treatments. Since these effects of T3 were demonstrated after acute injections, the data are consistent with possible non‐genomic actions of thyroid hormones in adult brain.
Effects of light and sleep stages on heart rate variability in humans
Authors: Tsunoda Mihoko , Endo Takuro , Hashimoto Satoko , Honma Sato , Honma Ken‐Ichi
Published: March 2003

Effects of light intensity and sleep stages on heart rate variability (HRV) were investigated in young healthy subjects. The low‐frequency (LF)/high‐frequency (HF) ratio was significantly increased by exposing either to bright lights of 10 000 lx or to extreme darkness (< 0.01 lx), while HF and LF components of HRV were not changed, when compared with those under dim light (100 lx). However, LF was significantly increased at REM sleep, when compared with that at the pre‐sleep wake. In contrast, HF was increased at all stages of sleep, and the LF/HF ratio was decreased at slow wave sleep during the baseline night.
Physical and sexual abuse histories in patients with eating disorders: A comparison of Japanese and American patients
Authors: Nagata Toshihiko , Kaye Walter H. , Kiriike Nobuo , Rao Radhika , McConaha Claire , Plotnicov Katherine H.
Published: March 2003

Abstract Physical and sexual abuse among patients with eating disorders has been a focus of attention in Western countries, however, there is no study comparing the incidence of these factors in Western and Asian countries. Japanese subjects consisted of 38 patients with anorexia nervosa restricting type (AN‐R), 46 patients with anorexia nervosa binge eating/purging type (AN‐BP), 76 patients with bulimia nervosa purging type (BN) and 99 controls. Subjects from the USA consisted of 29 AN‐R, 34 AN‐BP and 16 BN. The Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire was administered to all subjects. Minor sexual abuse such as confronting exhibitionism or being fondled by a stranger tended to be more prevalent among Japanese subjects, while victimization by rape or incest was more prevalent among USA subjects. Conversely, physical abuse history was similarly distributed across each diagnostic subgroup in both countries. Events related to physical abuse, such as an abusive family background, may contribute whether eating disorder patients are restricting or bulimic and regardless of culture.
Severe, isolated thrombocytopenia under polytherapy with carbamazepine and valproate
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Pelzl Georg , Hess Barbara
Published: March 2003

Abstract It is not known whether polytherapy with carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) increases the risk of thrombocytopenia. A 67‐year‐old woman with symptomatic epilepsy since age 6 years, classified as Lennox–Gasteau syndrome, developed severe, isolated thrombocytopenia of 5 GIGA/L (normal: 150–360 GIGA/L) after being on CBZ (1200 mg/day) for 15 days and additional VPA (300 mg/day) for 5 days in combination. After discontinuation of CBZ and VPA and two thrombocyte transfusions, the thrombocyte count normalized within 3 days. Because she had been taking VPA for only 5 days in addition to CBZ, it could not be confirmed whether it was CBZ alone or the combination of CBZ and VPA that was responsible for the severe thrombocytopenia.
Release of neurotransmitters in the monkey frontal cortex is related to level of attention
Authors: KODAMA TOHRU , HONDA YOSHIKO , WATANABE MASATAKA , HIKOSAKA KAZUO
Published: March 2003

Abstract Attention is reported to be maintained by monoamines, acetylcholine and amino acids systems. Changes in the releases of these neurotransmitters during the three stages comprising quiet wake (QW) and two arousal states (AW), which are activated from different sources, were investigated. Norepinephrine releases during AW were significantly higher than that during QW. Conversely, the levels of acetylcholine and serotonin that were released did not change significantly among these three stages. The interesting observation was the dissociation of the increase between glutamate and dopamine releases in the two AW states. These results indicate that attention level is related to the amount of norepinephrine release, and that attention quality is related to the interaction between dopamine and glutamate releases.
Attentional dysfunction of chronic schizophrenia: No association with long‐term institutionalization
Authors: CREMASCO LUIGI , CAPPA STEFANO F.
Published: March 2003

Abstract Attentional processes play a central role in information selection, which is impaired in schizophrenic patients. In the present study, we attempted to characterize the attentional performance of chronic schizophrenics using a computerized assessment of the multiple components of attentional function. Two comparable samples, consisting, respectively, of out‐patients and in‐patients, were tested in order to assess the effect of chronic institutionalization. Twenty‐four subjects (half in‐patients and half out‐patients) fulfillling DSM‐IV criteria for schizophrenia were examined with a standard computerized battery for the assessment of attention, namely Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprufung (TAP). Both groups were impaired on all measures of attentional processing (in terms of both reaction times and number of errors). There were no significant differences in attentional performance between in‐ and out‐patients. In conclusion, the present findings confirm the presence of pervasive attentional dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia; the lack of significant differences in performance between in‐ and out‐patients supports the hypothesis that the cognitive deficits are inherently associated with the illness and cannot be attributed to environmental/social factors.
Polymerase chain reaction screening of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor γ gene rearrangements: A practical approach to molecular DNA analysis of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a surgical pathology laboratory
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko , Fukayama Masashi , Funata Nobuaki , Hishima Tsunekazu , Oba Takayo , Koike Morio
Published: March 2003

Characterization of the clonality of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) by the rearranged segments of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) or T cell receptor (TCR) genes is not only useful in the confirmation of the diagnosis but also for the future assessment of how a secondary lymphoma, such as a recurrence or another primary lymphoma, occurs. As a practical approach to obtaining and registering this information in a surgical pathology laboratory, FR3 and FR1 regions of IgH gene and TCRγ gene were concurrently amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using each pair of consensus primers and the same PCR protocol. Examined samples consisted of 134 primary NHL (phenotypically, 108 B cell and 26 T cell NHL), 19 reactive lymphadenopathies, as well as five secondary lymphomas whose primary lesions were included in this study. Among the primary NHL, the combined PCR analysis disclosed the clonality in 103 of 134 NHL (77%), by FR3 PCR in 77 B cell and two T cell NHL, by FR1 PCR in 59 B cell and one T cell NHL, and by TCRγ PCR in 11 B cell and 17 of 26 T cell NHL, but in none of the reactive lymphadenopathies. Among the secondary lymphomas, the same pattern of PCR analysis was obtained in two cases (the durations between first and second lymphomas; 6 and 10 months), which suggested recurrence. In contrast, different results were obtained in three cases (17–37 months), which indicated another primary or emergence of the subclones. The results of Southern blot analysis were concordant with the PCR results of the first and the secondary lymphomas. Although the combined PCR analysis cannot replace Southern blot hybridization because of its lower detection rate, it can select those cases suitable for further Southern blot analysis thus reducing the number of unnecessary examinations by nearly 75%. This approach may also be useful in the comparative evaluation of primary and secondary lymphomas.
Amyloid deposition in renal angiomyolipoma
Authors: Toyoda Mitsuyasu , Kudo Motoshige , Ebihara Yoshiro
Published: March 2003

An irregular tumor shadow, seen on the left kidney in a 48‐year‐old woman by computed tomography, was pathologically diagnosed as ‘angiomyolipoma’. HMB‐45 immunoreactivity distinguished angiomyolipoma from renal cell carcinoma of sarcomatoid type. The amyloid deposition was limited to the tumor. M‐protein and Bence–Jones protein were negative. For amyloid protein characterization, immunohistochemical studies were performed with anti‐amyloid A, anti‐κ, anti‐λ, anti‐prealbumin and anti‐β‐2 microglobulin, but none reacted with the amyloid. This is the first documented case of amyloid deposition in angiomyolipoma and may represent a novel precursor protein of amyloid.
Obesity affects expression of progesterone receptors and node metastasis of mammary carcinomas in postmenopausal women without a family history
Authors: Honda Hiroshi , Ohi Yasuyo , Umekita Yoshihisa , Takasaki Takashi , Kuriwaki Kazumi , Ohyabu Ikuya , Yoshioka Takako , Yoshida Aichi , Taguchi Syuhei , Ninomiya Kenjirou , Akiba Suminori , Nomura Satoru , Sagara Yoshiatu , Yoshida Hiroki
Published: March 2003

Possible relationships between risk factors, such as obesity and a family history of breast cancer, and prognostic factors of mammary carcinomas were investigated by examining the body mass index of patients and the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR), c‐erbB‐2 and p53, grade of histology, size of tumors and nodal status of mammary carcinomas. There was no significant difference in the body mass index of premenopausal patients either with or without a family history. For postmenopausal patients, the body mass index was significantly low in patients with a family history compared with patients without a family history. In premenopausal patients with or without a family history and in postmenopausal patients with a family history, there was no significant difference in the body mass index regardless of the mammary carcinoma prognostic factor, such as expression of ER, PgR, c‐erbB‐2 and p53, grade of histology, size of tumors and nodal status. However, in postmenopausal patients without a family history, body mass index was significantly high for patients with mammary carcinomas that had PgR expression and node metastasis. These results suggest that obesity may affect the PgR status and nodal status of mammary carcinomas in postmenopausal patients without a family history.
Intracellular localization of HSP73 and HSP90 in rat kidneys with acute lysosomal thesaurismosis
Authors: Komatsuda Atsushi , Wakui Hideki , Ohtani Hiroshi , Imai Hirokazu , Miura Akira B. , Itoh Hideaki
Published: March 2003

We previously reported that HSP73 and HSP90, major chaperone proteins, accumulated within lysosomes of proximal tubular epithelial cells in rat kidneys with acute gentamicin nephropathy. In this study, we observed serial localization of HSP73 and HSP90 in rat kidneys with acute lysosomal thesaurismosis. Sprague‐Dawley rats received poly‐ D‐glutamic acid (PDGA) (250 mg/kg per day) for 3 days, and developed acute lysosomal thesaurismosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells. The intracellular localization of HSP73 and HSP90 was examined by electron microscopy. We also compared the results with those of a non‐chaperone protein, a renal isoform of argininosuccinate synthetase, which is an abundant enzyme in proximal tubular epithelial cells. After the PDGA exposure, HSP73 and HSP90 accumulated within enlarged lysosomes of proximal tubular epithelial cells. These accumulations started to appear from day 4 after the first PDGA administration, enlarged in size until day 14, and continued until day 19. Argininosuccinate synthetase also accumulated within the lysosomes, but the magnitude of this lysosomal accumulation was less than those of HSP73 and HSP90. Our findings demonstrated that HSP73 and HSP90 chaperone proteins specifically accumulated within lysosomes of proximal tubular epithelial cells during the course of PDGA‐induced acute lysosomal thesaurismosis.
Immunohistochemical assessment of human bone marrow macrophages in hematologic disorders
Authors: Sadahira Yoshito , Wada Hideho , Manabe Toshiaki , Yawata Yoshihito
Published: March 2003

Changes in bone marrow macrophages may be associated with abnormal hematopoiesis in various hematologic disorders. We immunohistochemically evaluated the density of macrophages in bone marrow trephine biopsies. In reactive erythroid hyperplasia (hemolytic anemia and megaloblastic anemia), the macrophages slightly increased in density, extending their cytoplasmic processes between hematopoietic cells. In erythroid hypoplasia (pure red cell aplasia), they became rounded and frequently had hemosiderin granules. There was no significant difference in the macrophage density in the hematopoietic area between erythroid hyperplasia and hypoplasia. The macrophages increased in density in myeloproliferative disorders (polycythemia vera, chronic myelogenous leukemia and primary thrombocythemia). In myelofibrosis, some macrophages became extremely elongated along the line of the fibroblastic cells. In contrast, in conditions in which myelopoietic activity is considerably impaired (aplastic anemia, acute leukemia and multiple myeloma), they significantly decreased in density. These results suggest that the morphologic change in bone marrow macrophages is associated with erythropoietic activity and that there is a correlation between macrophage density and myelopoietic activity.
An immunohistochemical study on a case of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor‐producing gall‐bladder carcinoma
Authors: Furihata Mutsuo , Sonobe Hiroshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Enzan Hideaki , Tokuoka Hirofumi , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: March 2003

Primary gall‐bladder carcinoma producing granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is extremely rare. Only four cases, histologically investigated, have been reported to date in the English literature. We report a case of a 48‐year‐old female with primary gall‐bladder carcinoma, associating with leukocytosis (15 700/mm 3) and a high level of serum GCSF (54.0 pg/mL). The tumor was, histologically, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with marked interspersed neutrophils invading into the primary tumor itself and the right lobe of the liver. Tumor cells distinctly showed positive immunoreaction in the cytoplasm with anti‐GCSF antibody, and in the nucleus for anti‐p53 antibody. After surgery, the leukocytosis and serum level of GCSF began to decrease. These findings confirmed the present case of GCSF‐producing gall‐bladder carcinoma, exhibiting leukocytosis. A total of five cases, including our case, reported as a GCSF‐producing gall‐bladder carcinoma were clinicopathologically reviewed.
Mucin histochemistry in primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder (of urachal or vesicular origin) and metastatic adenocarcinoma originating in the colorectum
Authors: Nakanishi Kuniaki , Tominaga Susumu , Kawai Toshiaki , Torikata Chikao , Aurues Takashi , Ikeda Tomosumi
Published: March 2003

In order to evaluate the mucin histochemistry of primary adenocarcinomas (PA) of the urinary bladder and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MA) originating in the colorectum, 52 PA and nine MA were examined. It was determined that the percentage of cases in which more than 25% of the tumor was stained by each of the following: (i) Alcian blue pH 2.5 periodic acid–Schiff (AB‐PAS); (ii) high iron diamine‐AB (HID‐AB); (iii) periodic acid‐sodium borohydride‐potassium hydroxide‐PAS (PA‐SB‐PH‐PAS); (iv) galactose oxidase– Schiff (GOS); and (v) paradoxical concanavalin A stain (PCS). For PA, the values obtained were: 75% of cases (blue, AB‐PAS), 85% (magenta, AB‐PAS), 71% (black, HID‐AB), 75% (blue, HID‐AB), 0% (PA‐SB‐PH‐PAS), 19% (GOS), 8% (class II concanavalin A (Con A)‐reactive mucin)), and 0% (class III Con A‐reactive mucin). For MA, the corresponding values were 33, 22, 0, 11, 0, 0, 11, and 0%, respectively. A higher percentage of PA than MA cases showed staining in AB‐PAS for acidic and neutral mucins, in HID‐AB for sialo‐ and sulfomucins, and in GOS for terminal β‐galactose and β‐N‐acetylgalactosamine. PA and MA were significantly different in terms of both frequency of staining with AB‐PAS and frequency of staining with HID‐AB. However, the overlap was such that in practice, it might be difficult, if not impossible, to use mucin histochemistry to inform a differential diagnosis. In view of the differences in AB‐PAS and HID‐AB positivity between PA and MA, we speculate that MA (originating in the colorectum) may have undergone structural distortion affecting the production and/or secretion of neutral mucins and acidic mucins (sialo‐ and sulfomucins) during metastasis or invasion.
Desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy intermingling with atypical glial cells
Authors: Kurose Akira , Beppu Takaaki , Miura Yasuhiro , Suzuki Michiyasu , Ogawa Akira , Arai Hiroshi , Kubo Yoshitaka , Sugawara Atsushi , Sawai Takashi
Published: March 2003

Despite the rarity of desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy (DCAI), it has distinct clinical and pathological features. The present case is a typical DCAI except for its detection and operational age and intermingling with pleomorphic glial cells. In this case, although a cystic lesion of the right temporal lobe was noticed when the patient was 6 months old, it was not regarded as a tumor and wasn't removed until he was 9 years old. It is quite unusual that a DCAI was able to exist in the cerebrum for 9 years. However, no metastasis occurred and distinct macroscopic and microscopic features of the tumor were not different from typical DCAI except for an intermingling with pleomorphic glial cells. Furthermore, even in the pleomorphic areas, the absence of necrosis and an MIB‐1 index of 2.9% indicated non‐aggressive growth. These features of the present case may provide additional information as to the character of DCAI, which generally has a favorable prognosis.
Alternatively spliced MDM2 transcripts in human breast cancer in relation to tumor necrosis and lymph node involvement
Authors: Hori Masao , Shimazaki Jiro , Inagawa Satoshi , Itabashi Masayuki , Hori Mitsuo
Published: March 2003

Several short forms of alternatively spliced Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) transcripts have recently been shown to correlate with high‐grade malignancy in a number of human tumors. We examined the frequency of splice variants and their correlation with clinicopathological features in 60 cases of human breast cancer. Seven short forms coexpressed with wild‐type mRNA were detected by nested RT‐PCR. Sequencing of all the MDM2 variants demonstrated mRNA splicing which disrupted not only the conserved p53‐binding domain but also, further towards the carboxy‐terminus, the conserved nuclear localization sequence and/or the acidic and zinc finger domains. There was no significant correlation between the coexpression of splice variants and tumor size, histologic type or hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptor status. However, cases with spliced MDM2 transcripts tended to be of a more aggressive type with axillary lymph node involvement and extensive necrosis in the tumors. Although the functional significance of MDM2 variants remains obscure, we anticipate that these variants will be confirmed as a novel prognostic marker in human breast cancer.
A case of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Kanai Yoshiaki , Iwaya Keiichi , Kuroda Masahiko , Harada Miki , Hirata Fumihiko , Mukai Kiyoshi
Published: March 2003

An 18‐year‐old man who suffered from panniculitis involving the entire left lower limb after exertional rhabdomyolysis is reported. A high fever (>39°C) and leukocytosis (>20 000/μL) persisted for 1 week, and his general status deteriorated rapidly into pre‐disseminated intravascular coagulation, complicated by pleural effusion and prolonged clotting time. His condition was dramatically improved by steroid pulse therapy and he has remained in good health for the 20 months since discharge. Histologic examination of subcutaneous tissue from the swollen left lower limb revealed pleomorphic small, medium or large lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils infiltrating the edematous subcutaneous adipose tissue in a lobular panniculitis‐like pattern. The majority of inflammatory cells were T lymphocytes, with equal proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. As polymerase chain reaction did not show bands suggesting T cell receptor γ gene rearrangement, the proliferation of T lymphocytes was considered to be polyclonal. The T lymphocytes also expressed Fas ligand, suggesting the involvement of Fas‐mediated cytotoxicity. This case may represent a new category of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis induced by exertional rhabdomyolysis.
Adrenocorticotropin‐independent unilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome: Immunohistochemical studies of steroidogenic enzymes, ultrastructural examination and a review of the literature
Authors: Takamura Toshinari , Nagai Yukihiro , Taniguchi Masayuki , Yamashita Haruhisa , Nakamura Saburo , Ikeda Takayuki , Kobayashi Ken‐Ichi , Suzuki Takashi , Sasano Hironobu
Published: March 2003

A 60‐year‐old woman presented with a history of palpitations, headaches and severe hypertension, which was resistant to hypotensive agents. She had a 2‐year history of obesity and a moon face. Her plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone level was below the limits of detection and did not respond to corticotropin‐releasing hormone. Urinary‐free cortisol was elevated and the circadian rhythm of serum cortisol level had completely disappeared. Imaging analysis demonstrated a unilaterally functioning mass in the left adrenal gland. Serum cortisol level in the left adrenal vein was elevated. The resected adrenal mass measured 4 × 3.5 × 2.5 cm, and ranged from yellow to tan in color. The adrenal cortex adjacent to the nodule did not demonstrate cortical atrophy. The mass was well circumscribed but not encapsulated, and consisted of multiple cortical nodules. These nodules were composed predominantly of clear cortical cells, and partly of compact cortical cells. Immunoreactivity of steroidogenic enzymes including cholesterol side‐chain‐cleavage P450, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 21‐hydroxylase cytochrome P450, 11β‐hydroxylase cytochrome P450 and 17α‐hydroxylase cytochrome P450 was marked in cortical nodules, but minimal in non‐nodular cortex. Ultrastructural examination of nodular cortical cells also demonstrated well‐developed mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, consistent with elevated steroidogenesis in these cells.
Imported malaria in a Japanese male: An autopsy report
Authors: Oga Atsunori , Sadamitu Daikai , Hattori Yukio , Nakamura Yasuma , Kohno Michihiro , Kawauchi Shigeto , Sasaki Kohsuke
Published: March 2003

Fatal cases of malaria are rare in Japan. We report a case of a 47‐year‐old Japanese man with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The patient was examined because of fever and headache after a trip to Africa. He was diagnosed with malaria. Chemotherapy begun on day three decreased the percentage of infected red blood cells (RBC) from 25% to 2%, but the patient fell into coma on the same day. The patient was considered brain dead for 3 days before he died, and he was autopsied on day nine. Brain hemispheres were preserved and swollen with meningeal congestion. The ventral area of the pons and medulla oblongata were softened, and the tonsils of the cerebellum were softened and herniated. The spleen was blackish, enlarged and showed a small infarction. The liver was yellowish and enlarged. Many infected RBC were seen in the capillaries of the brain and malaria pigments were seen in the spleen and liver. DNA of P. falciparum was detected by polymerase chain reaction from paraffin‐embedded brain materials, however, the DNA could not be detected in other organs. Besides malaria, the patient had latent primary thyroid cancer, which was a small and invasive papillary carcinoma.
Histologically low‐grade dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the retroperitoneum
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu
Published: March 2003

A low‐grade dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum of a 52‐year‐old woman is described. The excised specimens contained six nodules of lipoma‐like well‐differentiated liposarcoma and a nodule of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The latter was composed predominantly of loosely arranged, benign‐appearing spindle cells and fat cells. A small number of cells with irregularly shaped nuclei were scattered. There were no mitotic figures. The fat cells showed slight variation of size and shape, and a few multivacuolated lipoblasts were found. The spindle cell areas occupied approximately 60% of the tumor. The stroma was somewhat fibrous and myxoid and no dense collagenous matrix was found. The stroma vascularity was not prominent. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive for vimentin but negative for S‐100 protein, desmin, muscle actin, and α‐smooth muscle actin. Follow up for 5 months showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. The tumor, in which the benign‐appearing spindle cell component was predominant, was considered to be a low‐grade dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Close and long‐term follow up is required. In retroperitoneal lipoma‐like well‐differentiated liposarcomas, spindle cell components like the present tumor, which represent dedifferentiation, should not be overlooked.
Comparative immunochemical study of lectin‐binding sites and cytoskeletal filaments in static and reactive mesothelium and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ueda Junko , Iwata Takako , Takahashi Mutsuo , Hoshii Yoshinobu , Ishihara Tokuhiro
Published: March 2003

In cytological preparations, reactive mesothelial cells (RMC) in serous effusions are sometimes difficult to distinguish from adenocarcinoma cells (AC). RMC and AC can be distinguished by lectin‐binding patterns, but the pattern of binding of lectins to normal mesothelium is not well defined. We investigated the expression of cytoskeletal filaments, cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin (VM), and the cell surface binding pattern of 10 lectins (HPA, SBA, ABA, DSA, PNA, RCA‐I, UEA‐I, LTA, WGA and ConA) in the serosa of 48 adenocarcinoma specimens. We also investigated the usefulness of six lectins (HPA, SBA, RCA‐I, UEA‐I, LTA and WGA) in identification of RMC and AC in 16 serous effusions. DSA reactivity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in static mesothelial cells (SMC) than in RMC. Reactivity for LTA and ConA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in SMC than in RMC. Anti‐CK and anti‐VM immunoreactivity was always positive in RMC and almost negative in SMC. In serous effusions, HPA, SBA and UEA‐I binding was evident in 100, 88 and 81% of AC, respectively. Little to no binding of HPA, SBA or UEA‐I was detected in RMC. Our results suggest that the morphological differences between SMC and RMC are likely to be due to differences in cytoskeletal composition, with accompanying changes in cell‐surface lectin‐binding patterns. HPA, SBA and UEA‐I are likely to be useful markers for identification of RMC and AC in cytology.
Solitary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma of the lung in a patient without a pre‐existing smooth‐muscle tumor
Authors: Itoh Hiroshi , Yanagi Masayuki , Setoyama Tetsuro , Shirao Kazusada , Yanagi Shigehisa , Kataoka Hiroaki , Shimotakahara Tetsuro , Koono Masashi
Published: March 2003

A solitary well‐demarcated tumor was found in the left lung of a 53‐year‐old man. It was located in the posterior region of the lower lobe just adjacent to, but apart from, the pleura. It was resected by video‐associated thoracic surgery. Macroscopically, the tumor was a whitish solid nodule without hemorrhage or necrosis, and it was 1.5 cm in diameter. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a proliferation of fibromuscular tissue in interlacing fascicles in which many tubular or cleft‐like epithelial inclusions were involved. The epithelial inclusions showed cystic changes with goblet cell metaplasia in part, but no atypical changes. Other mesenchymal components such as cartilaginous, myxomatous or adipose tissues were not seen. The patient had no history of neoplasm, including smooth‐muscle tumor. Thus, we diagnosed this tumor as a ‘true’ fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma, as distinct from so‐called fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma or benign metastasizing leiomyoma, which are usually found in the lungs of women who have had hysterectomies, as multiple fibromuscular nodules. We report here this rare case and we review and discuss published reports of fibromuscular tumors of the lung.
Abnormal IgG galactosylation in MRL‐lpr/lpr mice: Pathogenic role in the development of arthritis
Authors: Kuroda Yasuhiro , Nakata Munehiro , Hirose Sachiko , Shirai Toshikazu , Iwamoto Masahiro , Izui Shozo , Kojima Naoya , Mizuochi Tsuguo
Published: March 2003

MRL‐lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop arthritis by an
increase in the incidence of agalactosylated oligosaccharides in serum IgG, similar
to rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, whether this association has a pathogenic
significance is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the oligosaccharide structure
of serum IgG in various MRL mice with or without arthritis, to clarify the relationship
between the oligosaccharide abnormality and the development of arthritis. The level
of agalactosylation in serum IgG was comparable in both arthritis‐free MRL/lpr and
MRL‐+/+ (MRL/+) mice at 6 weeks of age. In contrast, the incidence
of IgG lacking galactose markedly increased in MRL/lpr mice at 6 months of age (the
age at which arthritis occurred), compared with that from age‐matched MRL/+
mice without arthritis. However, the proportion of agalactosylated IgG increased
similarly in anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody‐treated MRL/lpr mice at 6 months of age,
despite the absence of the development of arthritis, because of depletion of CD4+
T cells. These results suggest that the abnormality in IgG galactosylation of MRL/lpr
mice developed in an age‐dependent manner, but it did so independently of CD4+ T cell‐dependent B‐cell activation and is not a consequence of the development of arthritis.
Expression of p21/WAF‐1, status of apoptosis and p53 mutation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with HPV infection
Authors: Hasegawa Makoto , Ohoka Izuru , Yamazaki Kazuto , Hanami Kyota , Sugano Isamu , Nagao Toshitaka , Asoh Akira , Wada Nobuaki , Nagao Koichi , Ishida Yasuo
Published: March 2003

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is regarded as a causative carcinogenic agent in anogenital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but there is controversy about its etiologic role in esophageal SCC (ESCC). In this study, we attempted to clarify whether HPV infection plays a crucial role in the development of ESCC by analysis of multiple factors. These included: detection of HPV DNA; evaluation of immunohistochemical assays for HPV‐related cell cycle regulators and apoptosis by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling method; and genetic analysis of the p53 gene. Twenty of the 48 ESCC examined (42%) were found to be positive for the HPV genome by polymerase chain reaction. They comprised 16 cases with the HPV16 subtype, three with the HPV18 subtype, and one with both HPV16 and 18. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of p21/WAF‐1 was significantly decreased in HPV‐positive cases (χ2 = 9.2614; P = 0.0023). Furthermore, the 10 apoptosis‐negative (≤10%) cases of HPV‐positive SCC were almost exclusively p21/WAF‐1‐negative (χ2 = 12.1406; P = 0.0005), indicating the significance of the relationship between HPV infection and the phenotype that is expected from HPV‐induced inhibition of p53. Although 14 cases possessed missense and deletion mutations of the p53 gene (of which four mutations were found in HPV‐positive ESCC), no accumulation of the mutation was defined in the phenotype, suggesting that distinct mutation processes might be involved in HPV‐negative and ‐positive ESCC. The data provide significant support for the hypothesis that HPV infection may play a crucial role in the oncogenesis of some ESCC.
MUC1 mucin expression in follicular dendritic cells and lymphoepithelial lesions of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Taki Chiaki , Kitajima Shinichi , Sueyoshi Kazunobu , Yonezawa Suguru , Tanaka Sadao , Sakoda Koro , Irimura Tatsuro , Sato Eiichi , Goto Masamichi
Published: March 2003

Membrane‐associated mucin MUC1 is expressed in various adenocarcinoma cells and active T lymphocytes. We tried to find out whether MUC1 is expressed in gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma lesion. MUC1 was not expressed in infiltrating T lymphocytes; however, MUC1 was found on the cell surface of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) of germinal centers and in the epithelial cytoplasm of lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) of the lymphoma, which were immunohistochemically detected by monoclonal antibodies DF3 and MY.1E12. MUC1 was also expressed in the FDC of control cases (gastrectomy specimen containing reactive lymphoid follicles, n = 10, MUC1/DF3, 100%; MUC1/MY.1E12, 40%), and FDC in MALT lymphomas (n = 59) showed lower MUC1 expression rates (MUC1/DF3, 32%; MUC1/MY.1E12, 0%) than the control (P < 0.001). Lymphoepithelial lesion in the low‐grade MALT lymphomas (n = 23) showed a higher MUC1/DF3 expression rate (30%) than those in the high‐grade MALT lymphomas (n = 36; 6%; P < 0.05). T lymphocytes in the surface mucosa were more frequent in MALT lymphoma (91.4 ± 80.6/unit area) than those in the control (20.0 ± 23.6) (P < 0.001). S100‐positive dendritic   cells around LEL were more frequent in the low‐grade  (19.0 ± 9.4/unit area) than  in  the high‐grade (11.7 ± 9.7) (P < 0.005). This study demonstrated MUC1 mucin expression on FDC for the first time. Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, especially low‐grade, shows immunologically active state, where FDC MUC1 expression may be suppressed by some factors released from lymphoma cells. Further study to elucidate the pathogenetic role of MUC1 in MALT lymphoma is necessary.
First report of Gelidiella ligulata (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) in Japan
Authors: Shimada Satoshi , Masuda Michio
Published: March 2003

A gelidialean red alga that was newly found in Japanese waters is referred to as Gelidiella ligulata Dawson. It is characterized by erect lanceolate blades developing from a creeping axis that are relatively large in the genus Gelidiella. Among the 22 species currently recognized in the genus, Gelidiella indica Sreenivasa Rao is most similar to G. ligulata and a further comparative study is needed to elucidate the status of G. indica. Gelidiella ligulata and the type species of the genus, Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann et Hamel, have the unicellular independent attachments that are common to the members of Gelidiella investigated to date. This type of attachment is unique in the Gehdiales and this feature may be a useful taxonomic criterion in distinguishing Gelidiella from other genera.
Transfer of Pterosiphonia pumila Yendo to the genus Symphyocladia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Uwai Shinya , Masuda Michio
Published: March 2003

The red alga Pterosiphonia pumila Yendo (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) has flattened thalli in which there is complete lateral fusion between branches and their parental axes during early stages of development, the laterals only becoming distally free in reproduc‐tively mature plants. This results in a leaf‐like organization distinct from that displayed by all other species of the genus Pterosiphonia, the members of which have terete to compressed axes that are congenitally fused along only a few (<4.5) proximal segments of the laterals. The organization of P. pumila is, thus, similar to that of species of the genus Symphyocladia, to which it is here transferred as Symphyoctadia pumila (Yendo) Uwai et Masuda, comb. nov. Symphyoctadia pumila is restricted to Japan and Korea and is distinguished from the other three described species of Symphyocladia by its small (<3 cm long) ecorticate thalli and complete lack of vegetative trichoblasts. Symphyoctadia pennata Okamura has a similar suite of characteristics, has been successfully cross‐bred with S. pumila in laboratory culture and is, thus, placed in synonymy with S. pumila.
Seasonality of the red algal crust ‘Petrocelis franciscana’(Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) on boulder‐strewn shores of southern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Sussmann Andrea V. , DeWreede Robert E.
Published: March 2003

The red algal crust,‘Petrocelis franciscana’ Setchell et Gardner [= tetrasporophytic phase of Mastocarpus papillatus (Agardh) Kützing] exists as discrete patches on boulders throughout the intertidal zone at Burrard Inlet in Vancouver (mainland British Columbia) and at Sooke, Vancouver Island (British Columbia). This study photographically quantifies monthly surface area of 60 individual crusts over 12‐ and 18‐month periods, respectively, at the two sites. Conspicuous seasonal fluctuations in ‘Petrocelis’ abundance and relatively low survivorship of crusts sampled suggest that not all crusts are as static and as long‐lived (> 25 years) as previously suggested. Herbivory, sloughing of senescing tissue and abiotic factors visibly reduce ‘Petrocelis’ abundance in fall and winter; regeneration of lost crust tissue and relatively rapid crust growth occur from spring to early fall.
Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide concentration using nasal continuous negative pressure
Authors: Tsujino Ichizo , Miyamoto Kenji , Nishimura Masaharu , Shinano Hideki , Kawakami Yoshikazu
Published: March 2003

Contamination of nasal nitric oxide (NO) is a major obstacle when one needs to sample exhaled NO originating only from the lungs. To eliminate nasal NO, we used the nasal continuous negative pressure (nasal CNP) technique which, we verified, caused closure of the vellum. Exhaled gas was sampled from six healthy volunteers into fraction 1 (initially exhaled 200 mL) and fraction 2 (remainder of the gas) under three conditions; while subjects were wearing a noseclip, using nasal CNP at –5, –10 and –20 cmH2O, and under endotracheal intubation. Exhaled NO concentration ([NO]) obtained with nasal CNP was significantly lower, regardless of the pressure applied, than that measured with a noseclip, and was similar to and closely correlated to that obtained under intubation (F1, r = 0.90; F2, r = 0.88; P < 0.05). Real‐time recorded [NO] obtained with nasal CNP of –5 cmH2O was again lower than that measured with a noseclip at any expiratory flow rate examined, indicating nasal NO contamination was eliminated irrespective of the flow rate. In conclusion, because a nasal CNP of –5 cmH2O was easily tolerated without any discomfort, this technique is a simple, easy and effective technique to eliminate nasal NO which should be widely applicable for the measurement of exhaled [NO].
Lung adenocarcinoma in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Takabatake Noriaki , Sayama Tsuneo , Shida Kuniji , Matsuda Mikio , Nakamura Hidenori , Tomoike Hitonobu
Published: March 2003

We experienced a rare case of lung adenocarcinoma associated with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis caused by primary Sjögren’s syndrome. A 78‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital because of progressive sicca syndrome and nodular opacities in the right lower lobe on chest radiograph. This patient was diagnosed as primary Sjögren’s syndrome by a labial gland biopsy and classical clinical features including xerophthalmia, xerostomia and immunoserological findings. Pathological findings including immunohistochemical studies in a surgically resected lung revealed adenocarcinoma in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. There was no evidence of malignant lymphoma in the lymph nodes or resected lung tissue. Pulmonary involvement of Sjögren’s syndrome is now regarded both clinically and histopathologically as a wide spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders ranging from benign to malignant. However, lung cancer associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, as in our case, has apparently not been reported previously.