bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial activities of Genoese traders in Crimea in the XIII-XIV centuries
Authors: Мухаметкали А.А.
Published: September 2024

актуальность темы данной работы состоит в том, что итальянцы оставили многочисленные архитектурные объекты на территории Крымского полуострова. Изучение влияния генуэзских торговцев на Крым позволяет лучше понять механизмы формирования торговых связей между Европой и Востоком в древности и их влияние на социально-экономическое развитие региона. Данные территории имели важное торговое значение для генуэзских купцов, что и объясняет наличие небольшой прослойки итальянского населения в современном Крыму. Объектом данного исследования является становление и внешнеэкономическая деятельность итальянских торговцев в Крыму XIII – XV веках. Автор анализирует основные аспекты торговли, включая торговые маршруты, виды товаров, взаимоотношения с местным населением и властью. Работорговля в Крыму представляет собой часть более широкого контекста международных торговых связей и политических взаимоотношений в Средиземноморье и Черноморье. Изучение этой проблемы позволяет понять роль генуэзских колоний в системе средневековой торговли, их влияние на экономическое развитие региона, а также социальные и правовые аспекты работорговли в тот период.

the relevance of the topic of this study lies in the fact that Italians have left numerous architectural objects on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Studying the influence of Genoese merchants on Crimea allows for a better understanding of the mechanisms of trade relations between Europe and the East in antiquity and their impact on the socio-economic development of the region. These territories had significant trade value for Genoese merchants, which explains the presence of a small Italian population in modern Crimea. The object of this study is the formation and foreign economic activity of Italian merchants in Crimea in the 13th – 15th centuries. The author analyzes the main aspects of trade, including trade routes, types of goods, relations with the local population and authorities. Slave trade in Crimea is part of a broader context of international trade relations and political relations in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. Studying this issue allows us to understand the role of Genoese colonies in the medieval trading system, their influence on the economic development of the region, as well as the social and legal aspects of slave trade in that period.
Taxation of peasants in the Tyumen region in the 1920s of the XX century
Authors: Волкова Е.В. , Бахарева Н.В.
Published: September 2024

целью статьи является анализ и систематизация полученных данных по налогообложению крестьян Тюменского края в 1920 гг. ХХ века. В данной статье на основе использования методов теоретического и практического осмысления отражены все виды налогообложения крестьян (натуральный продовольственный налог, сельхозналог). Определяется роль и влияние ввода данного вида налогообложения на жизненный устой крестьян. Было выявлено, что налог должен взиматься в виде процентного или долевого отчисления от произведенных в хозяйстве продуктов, учитывая урожай, количество членов семьи и наличие скота. Своевременная сдача продналога позволяла крестьянину как мелкому собственнику более точно рассчитать объем своего хозяйства во всех его элементах. За своевременную сдачу налога устанавливалась скидка на 20% от общей суммы налога. За тем чтобы не было, повышения данного вида налога следил В.И.Ленин. Также в статье приведена статистика данных подворного налога на 1 мая 1923 г. Несмотря на то что для многих налог был тяжелым бременем, в уездах Тюменской губернии наблюдался быстрый рост сбора сельхоз налога. Характеризуя налоговую политику большевиков в период НЭПа, следует отметить, что в деревне и в городе к налогообложению было свойственно общее недоверие налогоплательщика и властей.

the purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the data obtained on the taxation of peasants in the Tyumen region in the 1920s of the XX century. This article, based on the use of methods of theoretical and practical understanding, reflects all types of taxation of peasants (in-kind food tax, agricultural tax). The role and impact of the introduction of this type of taxation on the livelihood of peasants is determined. It was revealed that the tax should be levied as a percentage or share of the products produced on the farm, taking into account the harvest, the number of family members and the presence of livestock. Timely submission of the tax in kind allowed the peasant, as a small owner, to more accurately calculate the volume of his farm in all its elements. For timely filing of taxes, a discount of 20% of the total tax amount was established. V.I. Lenin ensured that there was no increase in this type of tax. The article also provides statistics on household tax data as of May 1, 1923. Despite the fact that the tax was a heavy burden for many, in the districts of the Tyumen province there was a rapid increase in the collection of agricultural tax. Characterizing the tax policy of the Bolsheviks during the NEP period, it should be noted that in the countryside and in the city there was a general distrust of the taxpayer and the authorities towards taxation.
Formation of visual skills of younger schoolchildren in the process of extracurricular activities: MIXED MEDIA
Authors: Фаизова Л.Х. , Шипицына М.И.
Published: September 2024

представленная статья посвящена описанию опыта организации внеурочной деятельности по формированию изобразительных умений младших школьников в художественной смешанной технике. Разработанная и реализованная авторами программа дополнительного образования детей «Творческая мастерская: MIXED MEDIA» направлена на ознакомление учащихся 4-х классов с основами художественной смешанной техники (MIXED MEDIA); формирование начальных навыков создания композиции с использованием двух и более материалов; совершенствование навыков работы в MIXED MEDIA и развитие творческих способностей детей младшего школьного возраста в целом.

the presented article is devoted to the description of the experience of organizing extracurricular activities for the formation of visual skills of younger schoolchildren in mixed media. The Program of additional education for children "Creative Workshop: MIXED MEDIA" developed and implemented by the authors is aimed at familiarizing 4th grade students with the basics of mixed media; formation of initial skills in creating a composition using two or more materials; improvement of skills in MIXED MEDIA and the development of creative abilities of primary school children in general.
Didactic problems of understanding and meaning
Authors: Елисеева Е.В.
Published: September 2024

одна из ключевых тенденций современного образования – его гуманитаризация. С точки зрения гуманитарных наук, образование рассматривается не только как процесс передачи и усвоения культурного наследия и социального опыта человечества, но и как творческий и эстетический акт, направленный на формирование у индивидов представления о мире и их месте в нём. В этом проявляется гуманистическая антропоцентрическая направленность образования. Освоение культуры воспринимается не только как структурированный и упорядоченный опыт, достигнутый человечеством, но и как потенциальный и возможный. Неготовность молодого поколения к освоению традиционной текстовой культуры подчёркивает актуальность проблемы освоения, обогащения и передачи духовного опыта человечества.

one of the leading trends in modern education is its humanitarization. From a humanitarian point of view, education is considered not only as a way of transmitting and assimilating the social experience accumulated by humanity and cultural samples, but also as a creative, aesthetic act, the purpose of which is to contribute to the creation of subjects’ image of the world and an image of themselves in the world. This is his humanistic, anthropocentric orientation. The culture being mastered is perceived not only as a formalized and ordered experience of what humanity has achieved, not only as the experience of the actual, but also as the experience of the possible and potential. The unpreparedness of the younger generation to master traditional textual culture has actualized the problem of mastering, enhancing and transmitting the spiritual experience of mankind.
Comparative analysis of the use of digital technologies in universities in China, the USA and Russia
Authors: Фу Х.
Published: September 2024

цифровые технологии оказывают революционное влияние на реформу и развитие современного образования. Проект Connect-SCS (под Connect-SCS подразумевается соединение школ через широкополосные сети, подключение классов к качественным цифровым учебным ресурсам и подключение студентов к пространствам киберобучения), основанный на технологии облачных вычислений, который способствует развитию равенства в образовании и управлению образованием, а также обеспечивает важную платформу для повышения способности преподавателей использовать ИКТ в образовании рассмотрен на примере Китая. Мобильное и повсеместное обучение играет все более важную роль в интеграции формального и неформального обучения, а также массовые открытые онлайн-курсы (МООК) и онлайн-обучение предлагают учащимся больше выбора и способствуют реформированию высшего образования в США. Обучение СДО 3KL позволяют учащимся опираться на практические и инновационные способности; большие данные и аналитика обучения в сфере образования обладают огромным потенциалом для персонализации обучения и улучшения обучения с помощью целевых услуг для развития высшего образования в России.

digital technologies have a revolutionary impact on the reform and development of modern education. The Connect-SCS project (Connect-SCS refers to connecting schools through broadband networks, connecting classrooms to quality digital learning resources, and connecting students to cyber learning spaces), based on cloud computing technology, promotes equity in education and education management, and ensures An important platform for improving the ability of teachers to use ICT in education is considered using the example of China. Mobile and ubiquitous learning are playing an increasingly important role in integrating formal and informal learning, and massive open online courses (MOOCs) and online learning are offering students more choice and helping to reform higher education in the United States. LMS 3KL training allows students to build on practical and innovative abilities; big data and learning analytics in education have enormous potential to personalize learning and improve learning through targeted services for individual development in Russia.
The peculiarity of the physical training of cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Носов С.А. , Алдошин А.В. , Анисимов В.А. , Соломченко М.А. , Иващенко Ю.В.
Published: September 2024

в данной научной статье рассказывается о формировании высококвалифицированных сотрудниках полиции, применяющих боевые приемы борьбы. В свою очередь, стоит отметить, что на современном этапе сотрудники МВД России осуществляют свою профессиональную деятельность под влиянием ряда условий, начиная от погоды, и заканчивая сложными конфликтными ситуациями, разрешение которых требует от сотрудника полиции грамотных активных действий как на протяжении всего рабочего дня, так и во внерабочее время. В связи с этим, к сотрудникам полиции предъявляются высокие требования к: знаниям, профессиональной подготовленности, в частности, физической подготовки. При этом важно особо акцентировать внимание не только на нехватке учебных занятий по боевым техникам борьбы в учебных заведениях МВД России, но и на отсутствии специализированной психолого-педагогической подготовки курсантов и слушателей к практическому применению этих навыков. В качестве объекта исследования выделены социальные взаимодействия, формирующиеся в процессе психолого-педагогической подготовки курсантов и слушателей при освоении боевых приемов борьбы. Исследование направлено на изучение правовых рамок, характера и ключевых аспектов психолого-педагогической подготовки курсантов и слушателей в процессе обучения боевым техникам борьбы.

this scientific article describes the formation of highly qualified police officers using combat fighting techniques. In turn, it is worth noting that at the present stage, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia carry out their professional activities under the influence of a number of conditions, ranging from the weather to complex conflict situations, the resolution of which requires competent active actions from a police officer both throughout the working day and during off-duty hours. In this regard, high demands are placed on police officers for: knowledge, professional training, in particular, physical training. At the same time, it is important to pay special attention not only to the lack of training sessions on combat fighting techniques in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, but also to the lack of specialized psychological and pedagogical training of cadets and trainees for the practical application of these skills. The object of the study is the social interactions that are formed in the process of psychological and pedagogical training of cadets and students during the development of combat techniques of wrestling. The research is aimed at studying the legal framework, the nature and key aspects of psychological and pedagogical training of cadets and trainees in the process of learning combat techniques of wrestling.
Pedagogical conditions and criteria for the implementation of an integrated approach to artistic and creative abilities’ formation in children of middle preschool age
Authors: Донцова О.С.
Published: September 2024

в статье рассматривается актуальная проблема выделения критериев и необходимых педагогических условий для применения интегрированного подхода к формированию художественно-творческих способностей у детей среднего дошкольного возраста. В статье представлен обзор современной научной литературы по поводу специфики применения интегрированного подхода с учетом специфики психофизического развития детей среднего дошкольного возраста. Методология исследования основана на системном подходе и включает в себя общенаучные методы: синтез, анализ, систематизация, описательный метод, сопоставление, а также формально-логический метод, а также ряд специальных методов: историографический анализ научной литературы по изучаемой теме; выделение критериев и формулирование педагогических условий для применения интегративного подхода для формирования художественно-творческих навыков у детей среднего дошкольного возраста. По итогу проведенного исследования автор статьи пришел к следующему выводу: для успешной реализации интегрированного подхода в сфере формирования художественно-творческих способностей у детей среднего дошкольного возраста необходим ряд внешних и одно внутреннее условия, а критериями оценки эффективности внедрения такого подхода является уровень формирования навыков творческо-художественной деятельности.

the article reveals an urgent problem of identifying the criteria and necessary pedagogical conditions for the application of an integrated approach to the formation of artistic and creative abilities in children of middle preschool age. The article presents a review of modern scientific literature on the specifics of the application of an integrated approach, taking into account the specifics of the psychophysical development of children of middle preschool age. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes general scientific methods: synthesis, analysis, systematization, descriptive method, comparison, as well as the formal-logical method, as well as a number of special methods: historiographical analysis of scientific literature on the topic under study; identification of criteria and formulation of pedagogical conditions for the application of an integrative approach for the formation of artistic and creative skills in children of secondary preschool age. Based on the research results, the author of the article comes to the following conclusion: for the successful implementation of an integrated approach in the field of the formation of artistic and creative abilities in children of middle preschool age, a number of external conditions and one internal condition are required, and the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of such an approach are the level of formation of skills of creative and artistic activity.
The influence of outdoor games on the development of coordination abilities in 7-10 year old young football players
Authors: Самошкин Д.А.
Published: September 2024

современный футбол предъявляет высокие требования к уровню физической подготовки игроков. Важными качествами для футболиста являются координационные способности, которые во многом определяют его эффективность в игровых ситуациях. Развитие координационных способностей у юных футболистов является актуальной проблемой, поскольку именно в детском возрасте закладывается основа для дальнейшего спортивного роста. Игровая деятельность – это ведущая деятельность ребёнка младшего школьного возраста. Большое влияние подвижные игры оказывают на нервно-психическое развитие ребёнка, и что очень важно на формирование двигательных действий. Подходе к тренировкам в футболе, подвижные игры играют ключевую роль, поскольку их формат схож с игровыми ситуациями, в которых оказывается молодой футболист. Использование подвижных игр способствует улучшению координации и развитию двигательных навыков. В данной статье рассматривается определение подвижных игр и особенности детей младшего школьного возраста. В этом возрасте важно развивать моторику, координацию и тактическое мышление у детей, чтобы иметь возможность вырастить успешных спортсменов благодаря разнообразным методикам, малышу легче осваивать навыки движения через подвижные игры. Цель исследования заключается в изучении влияния подвижных игр на развитие координационных способностей у юных футболистов. Это связано с тем, что в современном футболе возрастает роль сложных координационных действий, и требования к развитию этих способностей также увеличиваются.

modern football places high demands on the level of physical fitness of players. Important qualities for a football player are coordination abilities, which largely determine his effectiveness in game situations. The development of coordination abilities among young football players is an urgent problem, since it is in childhood that the foundation for further athletic growth is laid. Play activity is the leading activity of a child of primary school age. Outdoor games have a great influence on the neuropsychic development of the child, and what is very important on the formation of motor actions. In the approach to football training, outdoor games play a key role, since their format is similar to the game situations in which a young football player finds himself. The use of outdoor games helps to improve coordination and develop motor skills. This article discusses the definition of outdoor games and the characteristics of primary school children. At this age, it is important to develop motor skills, coordination and tactical thinking in children in order to be able to grow successful athletes through a variety of techniques, it is easier for a child to master movement skills through outdoor games. The purpose of this research is to examine how outdoor games impact the enhancement of coordination skills in young soccer players. This is crucial as contemporary football places a greater emphasis on intricate coordination movements, thus necessitating a focus on the advancement of these skills.
The influence of badminton on the level of physical fitness of students in higher educational institutions
Authors: Го Ч. , Васильева И.А.
Published: September 2024

в настоящей научной работе автор анализирует некоторые особенности влияния бадминтона на общий уровень физической подготовки обучающихся современных российских высших образовательных организаций. Для этого автор анализирует сущность бадминтона как вида спорта, кратко упоминает историю его развития в России. Результаты. Более детально автор уделяет внимание влиянию бадминтона на внешние и внутренние характеристики спортсменов, для чего приводит результаты проведенного эксперимента и их комплексный анализ. В заключении исследования автор также отмечает некоторые перспективы развития рассматриваемого вопроса. Заключение. Научная новизна исследования заключается в подготовке комплексного исследования, формировании авторских выводов относительно особенностей влияния бадминтона на общий уровень физической подготовки обучающихся современных российских высших образовательных организаций. Данная научная статья будет полезна теоретикам, практикам, обучающимся и преподавательскому составу, а также широкому кругу читателей, интересующихся современными отечественными видами спорта.

in this scientific work, the author analyzes some features of the influence of badminton on the general level of physical fitness of students in modern Russian higher educational institutions. To do this, the author analyzes the essence of badminton as a sport and briefly mentions the history of its development in Russia. Results. The author pays more attention to the influence of badminton on the external and internal characteristics of athletes, for which he provides the results of the experiment and their comprehensive analysis. At the conclusion of the study, the author also notes some prospects for the development of the issue under consideration. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the preparation of a comprehensive study, the formation of the author's conclusions regarding the characteristics of the influence of badminton on the general level of physical fitness of students in modern Russian higher educational institutions. This scientific article will be useful to theorists, practitioners, students and teaching staff, as well as a wide range of readers interested in modern domestic sports.
The dissemination of knowledge about mental health influences the mental health of the public
Authors: Хо Ж.
Published: September 2024

в данной статье исследуется влияние пропаганды знаний о психическом здоровье на психическое состояние общественности. Рассматривается роль осведомленности и образованности в области психического здоровья в формировании здорового и сбалансированного общества. Автор анализирует глубину воздействия этого вопроса на современного человека и рассматривает возможности применения методик повышения осведомленности, неосведомленность людей о психическом здоровье выносится как современная проблема ведущая к катастрофическим последствиям, выделяется повсеместное попустительское отношение к собственному психическому здоровью и здоровью окружающих. Исследуются паттерны поведения при уведомлении и без уведомления, а также результаты при различных действиях. Автор также обращает внимание на современные научные данные, практические программы и мероприятия, направленные на поддержку психического благополучия в различных сферах жизни: образовании, работе, интернете и социальной справедливости. В результате анализа подчеркивается высочайшая важность пропаганды знаний о психическом здоровье для создания здорового общества и обеспечения благополучия каждого его члена, приводятся способы преодоления низкого интереса к данным вопросам. В особенности выделяется роль психологии долгожительства, неразрывно связанной с психическим здоровьем и осведомленностью людей о нем.

this article examines the impact of promoting mental health awareness on the mental state of the public. The role of awareness and education in the field of mental health in the formation of a healthy and balanced society is considered. The author analyzes the depth of the impact of this issue on modern people and considers the possibilities of using methods to increase awareness; people's ignorance of mental health is presented as a modern problem leading to catastrophic consequences; a widespread permissive attitude towards one's own mental health and the health of others is highlighted. Patterns of behavior with and without notification are examined, as well as the results of different actions. The author also draws attention to current scientific evidence, practical programs and activities aimed at supporting mental well-being in various areas of life: education, work, the Internet and social justice. The analysis highlights the utmost importance of promoting knowledge about mental health to create a healthy society and ensure the well-being of each of its members, and provides ways to overcome the low interest in these issues. The role of longevity psychology, which is inextricably linked to mental health and people’s awareness of it, is particularly highlighted.
Strategies for motivating a team to achieve corporate goals using verbal influence
Authors: Политова Е.А.
Published: September 2024

в данной статье рассматривается влияние вербальной мотивации на вовлеченность, удовлетворенность и производительность сотрудников в корпоративной среде. Основная цель данного исследования – проаназировать существующих теоретических подходов и эмпирических данных по использованию стратегий вербальной мотивации. Опираясь на такие ключевые теории, как теория ожиданий и теория психологического реактивного сопротивления, в статье классифицируются и обсуждаются различные методы вербальной мотивации, включая похвалу, конструктивную обратную связь и постановку целей. Значительные результаты показывают, что индивидуальная вербальная мотивация может существенно улучшить результаты на рабочем месте за счет повышения вовлеченности и производительности сотрудников. В статье освещаются такие проблемы, как культурные различия и необходимость аутентичности общения. Новизна этой работы заключается во всестороннем анализе методов вербальной мотивации и практическом руководстве по эффективной реализации этих стратегий в различных организационных условиях.

this article examines the impact of verbal motivation on employee engagement, satisfaction, and productivity within corporate environments. The primary goal of this research is to synthesize existing theoretical approaches and empirical findings on the use of verbal motivation strategies. Drawing from key theories such as expectancy-value theory and psychological reactance theory, the article categorizes and discusses various methods of verbal motivation, including praise, constructive feedback, and goal framing. Significant findings indicate that tailored verbal motivation can substantially enhance workplace outcomes by improving employee engagement and productivity. The review highlights challenges such as cultural differences and the need for authenticity in communication. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of verbal motivation techniques and its practical guidance for implementing these strategies effectively in diverse organizational settings.
Social intelligence and type of interpersonal attachment in women
Authors: Артемьева О.Ю. , Юмкина Е.А.
Published: September 2024

в статье представлены результаты исследования взаимосвязи между типом межличностной привязанности и параметрами социального интеллекта у женщин. Участниками исследования стали 75 женщин, средний возраст – 41 год, большая часть состоит в браке и имеет детей. Методы исследования: СУМО (диагностика общего уровня социального интеллекта), Самооценка генерализованного типа привязанности, Опросник привязанности к родителям и сверстникам. Построенная в результате исследования регрессионная модель показала, что достоверными предикторами (R2>0.5) более низких значений общего уровня социального интеллекта являются дезориентированный и сверхзависимый типы привязанности. Детальный анализ коммуникативных особенностей женщин таких типов обнаруживает более низкие самоуважение, саморегуляцию, проницательность, и более высокие показатели враждебности и отчужденности в общении. Корреляционный анализ показал, что для автономного типа привязанности характерна более высокая проницательность, ориентация на партнерский тип общения. Женщины с ненадежными типами привязанности отличаются внутренней дистанцированностью от субъекта взаимодействия, трудностями саморегуляции. При этом псевдоавтономный тип может использовать внешне более адаптивные стратегии поведения, тогда как у сверхзависимого и дезориентированного типов привязанности отмечается большая стабильность в контрпродуктивных формах восприятия и обработки социальной информации.

the article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the type of interpersonal attachment and social intelligence in women. The participants of the study were 75 women, the average age was 41 years, most of them were married and had children. Research methods: SRSIC on the diagnosis of social intelligence, "Self-assessment of generalized type of attachment", "Questionnaire of attachment to parents and peers". The regression model built as a result of the study showed that the reliable predictors (R2>0.5) of lower values of the general level of social intelligence are disoriented and overdependent types of attachment. A detailed analysis of the communicative characteristics of these types of women reveals lower self-esteem, self-regulation, and insight, and higher rates of hostility and alienation in communication. Correlation analysis showed that the autonomous type of attachment is characterized by higher discernment, orientation to the partner type of communication. Women with insecure attachment types are characterized by internal distance from the subject of interaction, difficulties in self-regulation. At the same time, the pseudoautonomous type may use outwardly more adaptive behavioral strategies, whereas the superdependent and disoriented attachment types show greater stability in counterproductive forms of perception and processing of social information.
Çırağın Ustası ile Gizli Mücadelesi: Âşık Edebiyatında Etkilenme Endişesi
Authors: Erdal Tuğçe
Published: September 2024

Türk edebiyatı içinde âşıklık geleneği, yüzyılların birikimi ile bir geleneğe sahip olmuş ve kendini günümüze kadar taşımıştır. Âşıklığın gelenek hâline dönüşmesinde âşık kollarının önemli rolleri vardır. Usta âşık hem çevresindekileri hem de kolun dışında kalan âşıkları etkileme kabiliyetini haizdir. Böylelikle saz çalma ve etkili söz söyleme becerisine sahip gençleri etrafında toplayabilmektedir. Bu sebeple âşık tarzı şiir geleneğinde çırak yetiştirme, yüzyıllar boyu yaşatılan geleneklerden biridir. Usta âşık, saza ve söze yeteneği olan bir genci çırak edinir, yanında gezdirir, saz ve söz meclislerine sokar ve belli sınavları geçerse mahlasını verir. Yıllarca ustasının yanında âşıklığın bütün kurallarını öğrenen çırak da doğru zamanda ustasının onayı ile şiirlerini çalıp söylemeye başlar. Âşık kolunun ortaya çıkması için usta âşığa ait dil, üslup, ayak, halk hikâyesi, ezgiler, hatıralar, âşığın yaptığı karşılaşmalar ve ağırlıklı olarak işlediği konular gibi bazı esasların var olması gerekir. Halef olan âşığın şiirlerinde ustasının tekniği, üslubu, söyleyiş edası, tavrı, kültürü ve kelime dağarcığı açıkça kendini hissettirir. Ustasının ölümünden sonra saz ve söz meclislerinde onun şiirleriyle söze başlar, çeşitli vesilelerle ustasının ismini zikreder ve onun izinden gittiğini belli etmek ister. Bütün bunlar, ustasının adını yaşatmak için yapılan eylemlerdir. Ustada hâkim olan tavır, üslup, icra, geleneğe bağlılık yetiştirdiği çırağa da sirayet eder. Âşıklık geleneğindeki usta-çırak ilişkisi, halef-selef düzleminde Harold Bloom’un ortaya koyduğu şiir teorisi ile okunabilir. Şiir tarihini haleflerin selefleriyle mücadelesi olarak değerlendiren Bloom’un teorisinde şairlerin özgünlük ve özgürlük idealinde eserler verme gayreti vurgulanır. Halef şair, eserler vermeye başladığı andan itibaren bu ideasını takip eder. Özgün olma veya kendini özgün hissetme ancak bir öteki ile karşılaşıldığı anda deneyimlenecek bir durumdur. Karşılaşma anında ortaya çıkan ilişkide, önceki ve sonraki arasındaki ilişkinin psikolojik boyutu önem arz eder. Bu ilişkide, halef şairi özgün yapacak olan şeyin ancak seleflerinin varlığı olduğu kesin bir gerçektir. Selef şairlerin kurdukları bu dünyanın diğer adı gelenektir ve gelenek ise halef şairin kullanacağı her şeyi belirlemiştir. Bu yüzden halef şairin şiir adına inşa edeceği her yapıt, meşruluğunu kendinden önce yazılmış şiirlere borçludur ve halef şair de geleneğe eklemlenen yeni şair olarak şiire başlar. Bu çalışmada âşıklığın önemli bir geleneği olan âşık kolları bağlamında usta-çırak ilişkisi, usta malı deyişler söyleme, çırağın usta-sını her fırsatta anma gayreti Bloomcu bakış açısından değerlendirilecektir. Bir taraftan çırağın ustasını anarken kendi varlığını gelenek içinde kabul ettirme çabası, diğer taraftan bir âşık kolluna mensup olmanın getirdiği gelenekte çabuk ve kolay yer edinme avantajı arasındaki âşığın sanatsal anlamda etkilenme ve ustasından veya bağlı olduğu koldan özgürleşerek özgünlüğünü inşa etme süreci irdelenecektir.
Materialization of Ritual: The Example of Alevi Belief System
Authors: Ersal Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Rituals are symbolic and physical elements of beliefs and experiences. Individuals' and societies' relationships with nature and struggle for survival within nature have led to the creation of various practices. All these practices, when manifested symbolically within the context of belief systems, are called rituals. Therefore, every change in the relationship between the individual, society, and nature results in a change in rituals. Migration, urbanization, technological advancement, and globalization cause many elements concerning individuals and society to change. Changes that affect societies' social, cultural, economic, and religious lives have led to functional and structural changes in rituals performed within the traditional context. Thus, rituals passed down in traditional societies with their traditional and symbolic structures have undergone semantic and formal changes in rapidly changing modern societies. At the core of these changes lies the necessity for individuals to adapt to contemporary socio-economic conditions. Rituals has a power that shapes community in many ways with their mythic and theological backgrounds. Rituals determine the doctrinal and social structure of Alevi belief system. For the Alevi community, rituals hold the power to transmit cultural and social values, as well as to define the belief system with its mythic and theological background. Traditional Alevi rituals shape the entire lives of their followers. Members of the faith learn and transmit all components of their socio-cultural and economic environment through ritual-centered practices. Despite all political and social events, Alevi communities managed to sustain their ritual-centered traditional belief systems and lifestyles until the 1960s. However, migration after this period rapidly led to the transformation and alteration of ritual-centered life. Alevi communities experienced a culture shock due to their rituals not being accepted by the “other”s. This situation compelled them to conceal their beliefs and remain invisible. The process experienced after migration and urbanization has resulted in the weakening of traditional belief systems among Alevi individuals. During this period where non-governmental organizations are increasingly dominant and influential, the social and cultural demands of Alevi communities who come together under the leadership of non-governmental organizations in the city have led to the transformation and reconstruction of traditional Alevi rituals. Therefore, the traditional structure and rituals of the Alevi belief system have undergone a transition from their traditional context to a new world influenced by factors such as migration, urbanization, modern life, and the rejection of dominant authority. This article discusses the change and re-creation of rituals away from the traditional context in urban life following social and economic demands in the context of fieldwork conducted in Türkiye, Germany, and Austria.
Examining Artificial Intelligence and Law as a Tool for Legal Service, Decision-making, Job Transformation, and Ethical Performance
Authors: Gallo Aguila Carlos Ignacio , Castro Arellano María Del Pilar , Quezada Castro María Del Pilar , Mondragón Eliana Maritza Barturen , Quezada Castro Guillermo Alexander
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence is a tool used in law. It focuses on the complementarity of human performance. A bibliometric study of the scientific production in Scopus in the period 2015-2023 was carried out. The main findings are that artificial intelligence is related to legal service, decision-making, digital transformation, and ethical performance. It was concluded that scientific production on artificial intelligence and law experienced exponential growth, especially coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also concluded that artificial intelligence enables the generation of empathy and creativity through responsible use, which gives rise to trust in the population.
Understanding the Effectiveness of SBOM Generation Tools for Manually Installed Packages in Docker Containers
Authors: Kawaguchi Nobutaka , Hart Charles , Uchiyama Hiroki
Published: September 2024

Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), which is a standardized format for the machine-readable list of components included in software, is a key technology for addressing software supply chain attacks. Since Docker containers, now prevalent for software distribution and deployment, typically consists of hundreds of packages, the use of automation tools to generate their SBOMs is recommended. Currently, several OSS-based SBOM generation tools are available, playing indispensable roles in automating SBOM utilization. Generally, the tools make use of information from several package managers and databases of popular software to create SBOMs from the container images. On the other hand, some Docker containers include packages that were manually downloaded and installed by the authors without the package managers. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on how pervasive manually installed packages are and how accurate SBOM generation tools are in identifying them. To investigate the issue, we collected 3500+ popular Docker container images from the Docker Hub and assessed the accuracy of the SBOMs generated by two prominent OSS tools. The result showed 3000+ manual installations of 800+ packages that are either downloaded with Linux commands or copied directly from host systems. 51% of the containers included one or more manually installed packages. We found that SBOM tools can overlook 30-70% of the installations, which include both recent and outdated versions of major software and many niche or specialized tools. In addition, at least 27.7% of the manually installed packages were executed or read using the default settings of the Docker containers, and neither of the tool identified 22.7% of them, including those with known CVE vulnerabilities. Finally, the results revealed that at least 1.1% of the installations are overlooked by the generators, although actively used and associated with known vulnerabilities.
FedProx: FedSplit Algorithm based Federated Learning for Statistical and System Heterogeneity in Medical Data Communication
Authors: Mathew Cina , Asha Dr.P.
Published: September 2024

Distributed machine learning offers more practical and efficient use cases than conventional centralized machine learning. Nevertheless, not all security needs can be satisfied by distributed learning. In medical industry, more and more individuals are adopting Internet of Things (IoT) devices to capture their personal data for medical diagnosis and treatment. Through the use of federated learning, it is possible to secure user data while simultaneously training on massive amounts of dispersed data. The heterogeneity of client data is a well-known difficulty in federated learning (FL) contexts. The solution that developed was customized federated learning (PFL), a framework for developing local models for clients' requirements. It is common practice in PFL to construct two models at once, one for local usage and one for global use; the first is used for generalization, while the second is used to inform and update the first one. To build better customized models, it is vital to realize that both global and local models may be enhanced to increase their generalization potential. Secure heterogeneity medical data collection and training has emerged as the top priority in FL. In order to address statistical and system heterogeneity, this work presents a novel hybrid federated learning approach that uses FedProx: FedSplit Algorithm. The presence and severity of data heterogeneity determine the kind of federated learning approaches that could be necessary. The FedProx method averages the changes to the local model if the user data is horizontally partitioned, which means that different samples have the same features. Techniques such as FedSplit may be required to align the feature spaces or separate the model layers when working with data sources that are vertically partitioned, indicating they contain unique features but overlap samples. As a result of statistical variability, learning across data from different distributions is challenging, and device-level systems limits mean that each device can only do so much work, the FedProx: FedSplit model assures convergence for our method. More specifically, as compared to the present FL model, FedProx: FedSplit shows far more steady and accurate convergence behavior in very diverse conditions, increasing overall test accuracy by an average of 35%.
The Mathematical Thinking Among Muslims and Its Impact on the Science of Inheritance
Authors: Klaina Mekki
Published: September 2024

The challenge I faced while teaching the inheritance course to students unfamiliar with this field and its terminology was evident in their difficulty in easily understanding the scientific material, requiring considerable time for explanation. This situation prompted me to seek a way to simplify their understanding of inheritance. Given the mathematical nature of the course and the students' familiarity with this area, so I decided to utilize this aspect to achieve my teaching objectives, eventually developing mathematical rules that clarify the distribution of inheritance among heirs. This approach not only helped me achieve my goals but also led me to connect the efforts of Muslims with mathematics, highlighting their creativity in this domain, which continues to this day. Therefore, in my teaching methodology, I relied on both library research and mathematical approaches. The research highlighted the contributions of Muslims to mathematics and I introduced some of my own rules, applying them specifically to the topic of intersex cases.
The "Jim Bakker Show": The Program, Its Viewers, and Their Churches
Authors: Bourgault Louise ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This paper considers the former Jim Bakker Show from the perspective of a ritual view of communication, one which examines how culture is created, supported, and transformed. The paper examines the program on three levels: its content and form; its interaction with the lives of its viewers, and its effects on religious groups as it was diffused through the social and religious lives of individual viewers. No attempt is made to assess the changes in these patterns subsequent to the program's demise.
The Impact of the PTL Scandal on Religious Television Viewers
Authors: Abelman Robert ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This study examines the impact of the recent "PTL scandal" on three distinctive types of religious television viewers. In particular, changes in perceptions of the personal and social importance of religious television and credibility of televangelists, as well as the frequency and quantity of viewers' financial contributions to religious programming, were ascertained. Using analysis of variance, multiple regression in a cross-lagged model, and chisquare and GSK analyses, it was found that ritualized (habitual) viewership reflects an increase in an already high level of perceived importance and credibility, instrumental (news-seeking) viewership reflects a decrease in perceived importance and credibility, and reactionary (curious) viewership reflects an increase in perceived personal importance only. The overall frequency of financial contributions has decreased, but the quantity of contributions has significantly increased. Implications of these findings on the future of religious television are discussed.
"A City Upon a Hill": John Cotton's Apocalyptic Rhetoric and the Fifth Monardiy Movement in Puritan England
Authors: Mixon Harold ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: September 2024

This article examines the rhetorical significance and implications of the Fifth Monarchy Movement, represented by the apocalyptic sermons of John Cotton. The methodology used in this analysis of apocalyptic religious rhetoric was developed by Frederick Kreuziger, which is called "the language of imminent expectation".
Moving the Mercy Seat into the White House
Authors: Boase Paul H. ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: September 2024

While all of our chief executives have at one time or other invoked God's guidance or blessing on themselves and our nation, none could match the past two incumbents in their use and misuse of religious rhetoric. Carter's and Reagan's campaigns and administrations reveal a steady crescendo of appeals, directed mainly at the New Christian Right, raising questions for future research. Will the present incumbent follow this trend? Will the fundamentalists preach for born-again politics or born-again people?
Does Career Development Learning Lead to Greater Job Search Intentions? Uncovering the Underlying Mechanisms
Authors:   University of Barishal, Islam Md. Rabiul , Saha Anindita ,   University of Barishal, Chowdhury Md. Sohel ,   University of Barishal, Liza Saima Afrin ,   University of Barishal
Published: September 2024

Purpose: During the past couple of years, a great deal of study has been done on the intentions behind job searches, and this field continues to gain importance because millions of people worldwide do job searches every year. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this study is to investigate how the job search intentions of university students’ could be predicted. Methodology: Based on structured questionnaires, 306 data were collected from the university students of Bangladesh. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. Findings: The results showed that career development learning is significantly associated with human capital, perceived employability and career entry worries. Also, human capital positively affects job search intention but perceived employability and career entry worries don’t affect it. Notably, human capital mediated the relationship between career development learning and job search intentions. Practical Implications: This study adds value to the existing knowledge on job search intentions and human capital literature. In addition, the study's findings would provide higher education institutions with some insights into how to develop students’ employability and how to reduce students’ career entry worries through career development learning. Value/Originality: This study is distinctive in that it has an applied focus. To measure job search intentions, human capital, career entry worries, perceived employability, and career development learning are used as striking variables in the study. Notably, the research also looked at the ways in which human capital, employability perception and career entry anxieties function as mediators. Research Limitations: The study ends with discussing its key limitations and highlighting some directions for future research.