bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeographic analysis of Pseudogymnoascus destructans partitivirus-pa explains the spread dynamics of white-nose syndrome in North America
Authors: Thapa Vaskar , Turner Gregory G. , Roossinck Marilyn J.
Published: March 2021

Understanding the dynamics of white-nose syndrome spread in time and space is an important component for the disease epidemiology and control. We reported earlier that a novel partitivirus,Pseudogymnoascus destructanspartitivirus-pa, had infected the North American isolates ofPseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome in bats. We showed that the diversity of the viral coat protein sequences is correlated to their geographical origin. Here we hypothesize that the geographical adaptation of the virus could be used as a proxy to characterize the spread of white-nose syndrome. We used over 100 virus isolates from diverse locations in North America and applied the phylogeographic analysis tool BEAST to characterize the spread of the disease. The strict clock phylogeographic analysis under the coalescent model in BEAST showed a patchy spread pattern of white-nose syndrome driven from a few source locations including Connecticut, New York, West Virginia, and Kentucky. The source states had significant support in the maximum clade credibility tree and Bayesian stochastic search variable selection analysis. Although the geographic origin of the virus is not definite, it is likely the virus infected the fungus prior to the spread of white-nose syndrome in North America. We also inferred from the BEAST analysis that the recent long-distance spread of the fungus to Washington had its root in Kentucky, likely from the Mammoth cave area and most probably mediated by a human. The time to the most recent common ancestor of the virus is estimated somewhere between the late 1990s to early 2000s. We found the mean substitution rate of 2 X 10−3substitutions per site per year for the virus which is higher than expected given the persistent lifestyle of the virus, and the stamping-machine mode of replication. Our approach of using the virus as a proxy to understand the spread of white-nose syndrome could be an important tool for the study and management of other infectious diseases.
The pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of ivermectin in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Duthaler Urs , Weber Michael , Hofer Lorenz , Chaccour Carlos , Maia Marta , Müller Pie , Krähenbühl Stephan , Hammann Felix
Published: March 2021

Mosquitoes are vectors of major diseases such as dengue fever and malaria. Mass drug administration of endectocides to humans and livestock is a promising complementary approach to current insecticide-based vector control measures. The aim of this study was to establish an insect model for pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interaction studies to develop sustainable endectocides for vector control. FemaleAedes aegyptimosquitoes were fed with human blood containing either ivermectin alone or ivermectin in combination with ketoconazole, rifampicin, ritonavir, or piperonyl butoxide. Drug concentrations were quantified by LC-MS/MS at selected time points post-feeding. Primary pharmacokinetic parameters and extent of drug-drug interactions were calculated by pharmacometric modelling. Lastly, the drug effect of the treatments was examined. The mosquitoes could be dosed with a high precision (%CV: ≤13.4%) over a range of 0.01–1 μg/ml ivermectin without showing saturation (R2: 0.99). The kinetics of ivermectin were characterised by an initial lag phase of 18.5 h (CI90%: 17.0–19.8 h) followed by a slow zero-order elimination rate of 5.5 pg/h (CI90%: 5.1–5.9 pg/h). By contrast, ketoconazole, ritonavir, and piperonyl butoxide were immediately excreted following first order elimination, whereas rifampicin accumulated over days in the mosquitoes. Ritonavir increased the lag phase of ivermectin by 11.4 h (CI90%: 8.7–14.2 h) resulting in an increased exposure (+29%) and an enhanced mosquitocidal effect. In summary, this study shows that the pharmacokinetics of drugs can be investigated and modulated in anAe.aegyptianimal model. This may help in the development of novel vector-control interventions and further our understanding of toxicology in arthropods.
Cryo-EM reveals a previously unrecognized structural protein of a dsRNA virus implicated in its extracellular transmission
Authors: Shao Qianqian , Jia Xudong , Gao Yuanzhu , Liu Zhe , Zhang Huan , Tan Qiqi , Zhang Xin , Zhou Huiqiong , Li Yinyin , Wu De , Zhang Qinfen
Published: March 2021

Mosquito viruses cause unpredictable outbreaks of disease. Recently, several unassigned viruses isolated from mosquitoes, including the Omono River virus (OmRV), were identified as totivirus-like viruses, with features similar to those of the Totiviridae family. Most reported members of this family infect fungi or protozoans and lack an extracellular life cycle stage. Here, we identified a new strain of OmRV and determined high-resolution structures for this virus using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The structures feature an unexpected protrusion at the five-fold vertex of the capsid. Disassociation of the protrusion could result in several conformational changes in the major capsid. All these structures, together with some biological results, suggest the protrusions’ associations with the extracellular transmission of OmRV.
Measuring eating behaviour
Authors: Pető Dalma
Published: March 2021

Obesity has dramatically increased during the last decades and is currently one of the most serious global health problems. The consequences of obesity for physical health are well established. The development of human obesity is attributed to overeating. Studying eating behaviour is an important approach in tackling obesity. Eating behaviours influence energy intake through choices about when and where to eat, and the types and amounts of foods chosen, including decisions about starting and stopping eating. This paper summarizes the measurement tools and methods in analyzing eating behaviour. The aim of this paper was to find the correct questionnaire for future research, which is the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in this case.
What drives you to use a driverless car?
Authors: Huszár Sándor , Majó-Petri Zoltán
Published: March 2021

The investigation of driverless car from the economic perspective is one of the most discussed topics nowadays. Although it can be approached from various perspectives there is still a lack of studies focusing on the behavioral intention to use self-driving cars and its influencing factors. Over the last few decades, various psychological models have been developed to investigate the influencing factors of usage of certain technologies, but most of them cannot provide clear answers on consumer attitudes and intentions with regard to autonomous vehicles. Thus, new models have appeared to better describe the psychological factors of this new technological development that will revolutionize the future of mobility. In our research CTAM (Car Technology Acceptance Model) was used to measure intention to using self-driving cars. In 2019, 314 participants responded to our questionnaire and provided answers to the given questions. We used structural equation modelling to investigate the linkages between the behavioral intention and influencing factors revealed during the literature review. According to the results, the most important influencing factors of intention are attitude, perceived safety and social norms, while anxiety (of using the technology), effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and self-efficacy have not been proven important factors. The model used in our investigation explains behavioral intention to a great extent (63%).
A modellek elsősorban eszközök
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: March 2021

Michel De Vroey a 2016-ban megjelent A History of Macroeconomics form Keynes to Lucas and Beyond című könyvében a közgazdaságtan eddig megszületett makroökonómiai elméleteinek összefoglalására tesz ambiciózus kísérletet, sorra véve a tudományág sikereit és kudarcait John M. Keynestől kezdve többek között Robert E. Lucason és Edward C. Prescotton át egészen a 20. század utolsó évtizedében teret nyerő új keynesi modellekig. Erről a könyvről nyújt Costas Azariadis áttekintő összefoglalót, amelyben kiemeli a makroökonómusok közel egy évszázad alatt megválaszolt, illetve megválaszolatlanul maradt kérdéseit. A makroökonómia John Maynard Keynes munkásságával vált a közgazdaságtan jól megkülönböztethető részterületévé az 1930-as évek végén. Keynest és a kortárs közgazdászokat elsősorban a Nagy Válság okán kialakult tömeges munkanélküliség miértjének és gyógyírjának felderítése ösztönözte a nemzetgazdaság működésének aprólékos vizsgálatára. A 20. század előrehaladtával azonban a makroökonómusok figyelme a mély válságok és a tömeges munkanélküliség problémájáról többek között az üzleti ciklusokra, az eszközbuborékokra, az innováció rövid távú hatásaira, az intézmények szerepére és a jövedelmi, illetve vagyoni egyenlőtlenségekre terelődött. A század végére az egyre szofisztikáltabb gazdaságpolitikai eszköztárnak köszönhetően az üzleti ciklusok volatilitása nagyban csökkent, ezen folyamatban pedig a könyv szerzője szerint Lucas és az ő nyomán megjelenő DSGE (dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) modellek jelentettek fordulópontot.
Fogyasztói magatartás a hazai utazási szolgáltatások piacán - a hibrid vásárlói magatartás vizsgálata (Consumer behaviour on market of the Hungarian travel services – Examination of hybrid consumption)
Authors: Neulinger Ágnes , Simon Judit , Kelemen Kata , Hofmeister Tóth Ágnes , Bódi Edit
Published: March 2021

A szerzők kutatási projektjükben a hazai lakosság utazással kapcsolatos fogyasztási, vásárlási magatartását vizsgálták, különös tekintettel a hibrid fogyasztói viselkedés alakulására. A kutatás a rendszeresen utazó vagy az utazás iránt érdeklődő csoportra terjedt ki. Az első, kvalitatív fázisban a nyaralás értelmezését, a keresés és döntés kritériumait tárták fel, majd következő lépésben statisztikai elemzésekkel vizsgálták a fogyasztói magatartás jellemzőit. Indexszámítás alapján besorolták a válaszadókat a hibrid fogyasztás kategóriáiba. Besorolásuk szerint a megtakarításorientált olcsón vásárlók és a komfortorientált márkavásárlók jelentik a legnagyobb csoportokat, az előbbi 31,9%-ot, az utóbbi 29,6%-ot képviselve a mintában. A megtakarítás-orientált márkavásárlók 21%-ot, a komfortorientált olcsón vásárlók 17,5%-ot tesznek ki. Elemzésük igazolta, hogy a hibrid vásárlói magatartás elméleti megközelítése jól használható a hazai utazási piac elemzésekor. ________ Recent study examines travelling behaviour in Hungary with special emphasis on hybrid consumption. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis the study explore the decision making process related to hybrid consumption in travel services. Based on indexes the authors classified respondents into categories of hybrid consumption. According to their classification the main groups are savings-oriented budget shoppersand comfort-oriented brand shoppers, representing 31,9% and 29,6% share in the total sample, accordingly. Based on their analysis the approach of hybrid consumption proved to be useful to analyse consumer behaviour in travel services.
Trabalho em saúde na Atenção Primária no contexto de pandemia
Authors: Gonçalves Natália
Published: March 2021

O presente texto pretende reunir algumas reflexões acerca das modificações nos instrumentos de trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e seu impacto nos processos de trabalho em saúde, como a implantação do teleatendimento no modelo assistencial das Unidades Básicas de Saúde nesse contexto. O cenário aponta para intensificação da precarização e exploração do trabalho em saúde, ao mesmo tempo que revela contradições estruturais dos processos e relações de trabalho. Parece ser possível oportunizar a reflexão crítica dos trabalhadores da saúde sobre suas práticas e instigar intervenções emancipatórias que rompam com processos de trabalho que não tenham como finalidade responder necessidades em saúde.
Computation of Electric Field from Lighting Discharges
Authors: Adhikari Pitri Bhakta , Bhandari Bishal
Published: March 2021

The electric fields due to lightning at ground was evaluated for static cases using the coulombs law. The concept of electrical image was developed considering ground as a conducting grounded plane. A tri-pole model for the charge structure of thundercloud was developed and electric fields due to such cloud structure were evaluated. Variations of electric fields due to distance were assessed and the expression of reversal distance was introduced. The graph describing the reversal distance from lightning was introduced.
Adoption of Heritage-Based Inspiration (Kantojir Mondir) for Design Development Using 2D Design Software
Authors: Pingki Moni Jafar , Sajib Md. Tanjibul Hasan , Nizam Md. Eanamul Haque
Published: March 2021

The art of Kantanagar Temple in Bangladesh ancient history is the most powerful combination of architecture & sculptures which were created from 1704 to 1752 A.D. [1]. The doors, windows, pillars, ceilings, and walls were adorned with the terracotta design. Kantanagar Temple is a unique example of the temple architecture in the sub-continent because of the finer details of reprieves.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Myneedu Kanchana , Chavez Luis O. , Sussman Norman L. , Michael Majd , Padilla Angelica , Zuckerman Marc J.
Published: March 2021

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by defective immunoglobulin synthesis because of impaired B-cell function. Liver abnormalities including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been described in up to 10% of patients. We report a 27-year-old woman with CVID who presented with liver dysfunction secondary to AIH. AIH is both uncommon and challenging diagnostically in patients with CVID because they have low IgG levels and often have low or undetectable autoantibody levels. Liver biopsy and response to therapy play an important role in establishing the diagnosis. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy, with or without immune modulators.
Stomach This: Autoimmune Atrophic Pangastritis, a Rare Type of Gastritis
Authors: Lee Sean , Varshney Neha , Taleban Sasha
Published: March 2021

Atrophic gastritis can be environmental in origin and involve the antrum or autoimmune in origin and involve the body and fundus. We present a rare case of autoimmune atrophic pangastritis, a distinct type of autoimmune gastritis affecting the entire stomach, which should be considered in patients with other autoimmune disorders.
Currículo
Authors: Silva Érica Ferreira da
Published: March 2021

O currículo tornou-se um instrumento que possibilita às instituições formativas ter sua elaboração frente a narrativas e identidades de seus atores. O artigo tem como objetivo dialogar sobre a relação entre o currículo e a decolonialidade do ser e saber nos processos formativos, de modo a explicitar uma concepção de currículo que seja capaz de evocar, em suas práticas e metodologias, identidades, narrativas e conhecimentos dos atores no processo de formação, mostrando como é possível um currículo agregar as identidades culturais em sua concepção. Assim, é imprescindível explicitar quais são as concepções norteadoras da decolonialidade para o currículo e os processos formativos, considerando-se os aspectos sociais e culturais, e apontar suas condições de possibilidades.
O FUNDEB como política permanente e a aprovação da Emenda Constitucional nº 108/2020
Authors: Ferreira Maria Aparecida dos Santos , Oliveira Ramon Igor da Silveira
Published: March 2021

Este estudo busca analisar a trajetória do Fundeb e a proposição de um “Novo Fundeb”, estabelecido como política permanente e fundamenta-se em uma revisão bibliográfica e uma pesquisa documental. Verificou-se que após aprovações das PECs 15/2015 e 26/2020, na Câmara Federal e Senado Federal, respectivamente, a Emenda Constitucional n° 108/2020 passou a regular o Fundeb permanente, enquanto uma política de Estado, compondo as Disposições Permanentes da Constituição Federal de 1988. A regulamentação do Fundeb em uma Lei se faz urgente para que no ano de 2021 se tenha garantido os recursos para a promoção da educação básica de qualidade socialmente referenciada. Atualmente há dois Projetos de Lei (PL) tramitando no Congresso Nacional, o PL 4.372/2020 e o PL 4.519/2020, na Câmara e no Senado.
A política de fundos na educação básica brasileira
Authors: Costa Jean Mário Araujo , Menezes Maria Aparecida Silva de , Da Silva Pereira Rodrigo da Silva Pereira
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de avaliar o efeito redistributivo do Fundeb em municípios baianos no contexto da política de fundos como alternativa de equalização do financiamento da educação básica. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório e descritivo, partindo de informações disponíveis no Siope, referentes ao ano 2019, em dez municípios: cinco com as maiores receitas e cinco com menores receitas recebidas pelo Fundo. Os resultados evidenciam a contribuição do Fundo para maior equalização do financiamento da educação, a importância da complementação da União e a necessidade de novos mecanismos de distribuição de recursos para redução das desigualdades, ainda que dentro de um mesmo Estado.
Aplicación de TBL en el aula
Authors: López Ester
Published: March 2021

La sociedad de la inmediatez, la incertidumbre, la falta de imaginación y la exposición constante a información por parte de nuestro alumnado hacen necesaria una metodología en la que enseñemos a pensar.
Quest for Ranking Excellence Impact Study of Research Metrics
Authors: Pakkan Sheeba , Sudhakar Christopher , Tripathi Shubham , Rao Mahabaleshwar
Published: March 2021

It is a general trend that higher education institutions must undergo one or more ranking agencies evaluation to get reputed in the field of education. Institutions must have a place in the ranking to attract students, faculty and even for successful foreign student exchange programs. Prominence in research is an important parameter to scale the eminence of an institution. A quantum of quality publications is one of the factors judging the prevailing research environment of an institution. While doing an institutional level evaluation on research output, we always go for quantitative measures like total publication, citation and h-index. In the present scenario, the institution must set to have a strategy in achieving ambitious scientific goals. This paper presents some innovative analysis of research data by choosing valuable metrics. The samples selected for the study are the top-ranked institutions in India. The same approach can be applied to any institutions in the world for evaluation and excellence. We have done qualitative-quantitative analysis using different parameters of research output to explain the importance of various metrics. The present study has identified metrics which can be considered seriously to achieve better performance in research output. It is a fused index metrics which explains along with Scholarly Output, the importance of Cited and Uncited Publications and different types of Collaborations and its impact on the overall performance of an institution.
Predicting the Air Permeability of Ultrafine Glass Fiber Felts: A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network, Linear Fitting, and Polynomial Fitting
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Zhaofeng , Wu Cao , Yang Yong , Li Shun , Zhang Duanyin
Published: March 2021

In this study, the air permeability of ultrafine glass fiber felts (UGFFs) as a function of bulk density and thickness was predicted by three analysis methods including linear fitting, polynomial fitting, and an artificial neural network (ANN). A 36-set database was obtained by the measurements of samples produced by the fame blowing process. It was shown that the ANN structure with six neurons in the hidden layer was optimal. The ANN model showed much better quality of predicting the permeation rate compared with linear fitting and polynomial fitting, which was evaluated by three important parameters, namely mean relative error (MRE), mean squared error (MSE), and correlation coefficient (R). The prediction diagrams applying the ANN model also matched the theoretical analysis very well, which verified the advantages and practicability of ANN.
Zmagania z początkiem. Przed-tekst wybranych opowiadań Włodzimierza Odojewskiego (na materiale z poznańskiego archiwum pisarza)
Authors: Borowczyk Jerzy
Published: March 2021

W artykule odtworzono i przeanalizowano przed-teksty trzech opowiadań Włodzimierza Odojewskiego, reprezentujących dojrzałą i późną fazę jego twórczości – Ku Dunzynańskiemu Wzgórzu idzie las, Co słychać w ojczyźnie, Sezon w Wenecji. Pracę oparto na spuściźnie literackiej znajdującej się w archiwum pisarza na Wydziale Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej UAM w Poznaniu. Jako szczególny obiekt rekonstrukcji i analizy wybrano kolejne redakcje początkowych akapitów wspomnianych opowiadań. W procesie tekstotwórczym każdego z nich autor podejmował kilka- lub kilkunastokrotnie pisanie i redagowanie kolejnych ujęć inicjalnej partii utworów. W każdym z przypadków inna tendencja okazywała się nadrzędną cechą pisarskiego wysiłku – raz było to dążenie do zawieszenia stanu świadomości bohatera utworu, kiedy indziej do odwlekania spotkania narratora z dawnym znajomym, za jeszcze innym razem chodziło o skrócenie dystansu czasowego i osobowego. Genetyka wybranych tekstów Odojewskiego dostarcza istotnych wskazówek i impulsów do podejmowania nowych (lub pogłębiania i korygowania już istniejących) interpretacji badanych opowiadań.
Najkrótszy przewodnik po moim ojcu. Z Martą Herling rozmawia Magdalena Śniedziewska
Authors: Śniedziewska Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The interview is devoted to Gustaw Herling-Grudziński. The writer’s daughter, Marta, talks about her father, particularly focusing on the Italian contexts of his biography and writings. Also discussed is the problem of the writer’s attitude towards the Italian language and the reception of his works in Italy. Another important topic is Naples as a fascinating source of writing inspirations and, at the same time, the city where Herling-Grudziński happened to live and die.
„Tymczasem palono Żydów”… Kilka uwag o stosunku Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego do żydowskości
Authors: Tomassucci Giovanna
Published: March 2021

For Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, the question of his own roots was a very private matter; he treated them as if they were not present in his life and wrote explicitly about Jewishness or Shoah only in his non-fiction work. Nevertheless, the themes of the historical anti-Judaic persecution and conversion to Christianity are constantly present in his literary work, with allusions to the twentieth century’s massacres. Numerous characters of Jewish origin, belonging to a harassed and destroyed community, appear in many of his literary texts. Certain victims, especially males, are infected by evil, others resist it: over the years, the opposition between these two categories became increasingly noticeable, while the topic of Shoah is faced in a more veiled way. It is indeed not a coincidence that Herling’s first tale about the persecutions of Jews, The Second Coming, was written in 1961, at the time of the Eichmann trial, and that later Don Ildebrando, The Bell-Ringer’s Toll and The Legend Of A Converted Hermit, showing Jewish opposing strategies toward evil, were composed after his visit to Majdanek in 1991. Herling looks at the post-Arendt discussion on complicity in evil, polarizing the opposition between good and bad victims alreadyexpressed in his narration of the Gulag: he does not envisage any intermediate category analogous to Levi’s Grey zone and does not examine in depth the manipulation of the victims in extreme conditions. He prefers to grasp some analogies between persecutions in different historical ages, showing them in a universal perspective of a human “dormant” tendency to evil. Based on Herling’s narrative work, intimate diary, essays and the Journal Written at Night, my article treats his tormented relationship with Jewishness not so much as an isolated case, but rather associates it with some strategies of drastic distancing from Jewishness by members of pre-WWII assimilated Jewish intelligentsia who yearned to be seen as more Polish than Poles themselves.
Jam recenzent, nie policjant. Z perspektywy recenzenta przekładów współczesnej włoskiej literatury w Polsce po 2000 roku
Authors: Serkowska Hanna
Published: March 2021

The article is an overview of Polish translations of Italian literature published between 2000 and 2020. The presentation aims to capture the characteristic phenomena of the domestic market of translations from Italian to Polish in times dominated by capitalism and the new media. The author contemplates the role of the reviewer/literary critic in these new conditions, and asks whether reviewers/literary critics can still drive the readers’ choices and receptions, and shape their knowledge and awareness.
Spending Fast and Furious: Political Advertising in 2020
Authors: Ridout Travis N. , Fowler Erika Franklin , Franz Michael M.
Published: March 2021

This article is a “first look” at political advertising in 2020. Spending on political advertising in the United States in 2020 obliterated records, and Democrats held huge advantages in the presidential race and in most congressional and senatorial races. In addition, all indicators suggest that spending on digital advertising continued to rise. Political advertising was largely similar in tone to past years and, in the presidential race, was substantially more positive than 2016. In addition, interest groups remained heavily involved in federal races in 2020, airing more ads than ever before, though their spending as a percentage of total ad spending was slightly less than in 2016. Political ad spending in 2020 may have been historically high because of the impact of COVID-19 on how campaigns could reach voters, suggesting that paid advertising may decline in 2022 and 2024, at least as a percentage of total election spending.
Stable soliton solutions to the time fractional evolution equations in mathematical physics via the new generalized
G
′
/
G

$\left({\boldsymbol{G}}^{\prime }/\boldsymbol{G}\right)$

-expansion method
Authors: Ilhan Onur Alp , Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Islam M. Nurul , Akbar M. Ali , Soybaş Danyal
Published: March 2021

The time-fractional generalized biological population model and the (2, 2, 2) Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation are significant modeling equations to analyse biological population, ion-acoustic waves in plasma, electromagnetic waves, viscoelasticity waves, material science, probability and statistics, signal processing, etc. The new generalized

G

′

/
G

$\left({G}^{\prime }/G\right)$

-expansion method is consistent, computer algebra friendly, worthwhile through yielding closed-form general soliton solutions in terms of trigonometric, rational and hyperbolic functions associated to subjective parameters. For the definite values of the parameters, some well-established and advanced solutions are accessible from the general solution. The solutions have been analysed by means of diagrams to understand the intricate internal structures. It can be asserted that the method can be used to compute solitary wave solutions to other fractional nonlinear differential equations by means of fractional complex transformation.
An empirical study on the contribution of formal and semantic features to the grammatical gender of nouns
Authors: Basirat Ali , Allassonnière-Tang Marc , Berdicevskis Aleksandrs
Published: March 2021

This study conducts an experimental evaluation of two hypotheses about the contributions of formal and semantic features to the grammatical gender assignment of nouns. One of the hypotheses (Corbett and Fraser 2000) claims that semantic features dominate formal ones. The other hypothesis, formulated within the optimal gender assignment theory (Rice 2006), states that form and semantics contribute equally. Both hypotheses claim that the combination of formal and semantic features yields the most accurate gender identification. In this paper, we operationalize and test these hypotheses by trying to predict grammatical gender using only character-based embeddings (that capture only formal features), only context-based embeddings (that capture only semantic features) and the combination of both. We performed the experiment using data from three languages with different gender systems (French, German and Russian). Formal features are a significantly better predictor of gender than semantic ones, and the difference in prediction accuracy is very large. Overall, formal features are also significantly better than the combination of form and semantics, but the difference is very small and the results for this comparison are not entirely consistent across languages.
Kinetics and Equilibrium of Radioactive Metal Adsorption onto Sugarcane Bagasse Waste: Comparison of Batch and Column Adsorption Modes
Authors: Kausar Abida , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Iqbal Munawar
Published: March 2021

Sugarcane bagasse waste biomass (SBWB) efficacy for the adsorption of Zr(IV) was investigated in batch and column modes. The process variables i.e. pH 1–4 (A), adsorbent dosage 0.0–0.3 g (B), and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration 25–200 mg/L (C) were studied. The experiments were run under central composite design (CCD) and data was analysed by response surface methodology (RSM) methodology. The factor A, B, C, AB interaction and square factor A2, C2 affected the Zr(IV) ions adsorption onto SBWB. The quadratic model fitted well to the adsorption data with high R2 values. The effect of bed height, flow rate and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration was also studied for column mode adsorption and efficiency was evaluated by breakthrough curves as well as Bed Depth Service and Thomas models. Bed height and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration enhanced the adsorption of capacity of Zr(IV) ions, whereas flow rate reduced the column efficiency.
Bilet and the wider world: new insights into the archaeology of Islam in Tigray
Authors: Loiseau Julien , Dorso Simon , Gleize Yves , Ollivier David , Ayenachew Deresse , Berhe Hiluf , Chekroun Amélie , Hirsch Bertrand
Published: March 2021

Recent archaeological investigations in eastern Tigray, Ethiopia, have revealed extensive evidence for medieval Muslim communities. Although the settlement of Muslims near modern Kwiha was previously attested by epigraphic evidence, its exact location remained unknown. Fieldwork, with the support of the ERC project ‘HornEast’, has identified and excavated the cemetery at Bilet—the first excavation of a Muslim cemetery in the Ethiopian Highlands. The results reveal the existence of flourishing cosmopolitanism among Muslim communities in the very heart of the Zagwe Christian kingdom. These Muslim communities developed from both foreign and local populations and were well connected with the wider Islamicate world.
Zasady efektuacji w działaniach początkujących przedsiębiorców
Authors:   Politechnika Gdańska, Krawczyk-Bryłka Beata , Stankiewicz Katarzyna , Tomczak Michał T. , Ziemiański Paweł
Published: March 2021

The article concerns the effectual, dynamic entrepreneurship model that constitutes a response to the requirements of the changeable, uncertain business environment where the contemporary entrepreneurs operate. Earlier studies concerning implementing five effectuation principles referred mainly to expert entrepreneurs already experienced in establishing and running their own business. This article takes up the challenge of identifying the effectuation principles in the nascent entrepreneurs' operations. First, the authors present the review of the literature, which discusses the effectuation rules and justifies using the effectuation model by pre-entrepreneurs. The second part of the article presents the results of quantitative research aimed at assessing the effectuation index in the nascent entrepreneurs' operations. In addition, the relationship between the application of the effectuation principles and the effectiveness of the venture, measured at the level of achieved results (financial and non-financial) and entrepreneurs' satisfaction, is analyzed. The research confirmed referring to the effectuation rules by the members of the studied group and indicated their importance for the nascent entrepreneurs' satisfaction. The conclusions were also used to develop recommendations regarding the promotion of the effectuation model in entrepreneurial education and the use of effectuation principles to motivate entrepreneurs at the difficult stage of incubating their own company.
Trendy innowacyjne w europejskich portach morskich w obliczu pandemii COVID-19
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Szymanowska Beata
Published: March 2021

The implementation of innovations is one of the primary areas of activity within modern enterprises and their response to environmental changes. It is also an important and current research issue concerning seaports. Innovations may have a different nature, and practice shows that their implementation is in line with certain trends that set the directions for the development of innovative solutions throughout the world. This study aims to identify the most important technological innovations implemented in European seaports and determine whether they are in line with global innovation trends. It was also a priority to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the direction of innovation processes implemented within the ports. The author carried out two steps of research. The first one was based on secondary sources (publications and data from the Internet) and the second on primary sources (surveys conducted in March and October 2020). The analysis of data from secondary sources made it possible to identify the most significant global innovation trends in seaports. The study of data from surveys carried out with the managers of port companies allowed the author to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic in the analyzed period of the year 2020 had little impact on the European seaports' innovative activities, which go in line with global innovation trends. It did not stop the innovation processes in those ports, causing only slight delays in implementing some scheduled innovative projects. It also did not influence the types of such projects carried out at that time or their significance. We can see that it also had no adverse effect on the emergence of new innovative trends in the examined enterprises. During the pandemic, European seaports made efforts to ensure the continued implementation of innovations in line with the established plans.
Inteligentne rozwiązania w miastach w czasie pandemii - wybrane obszary, funkcje i zastosowania
Authors:   SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Brodowicz Dominika P.
Published: March 2021

Today's cities face many challenges, including those related to the aging of the population, climate change, or broadly understood public safety and health. Examples from many places around the world show that without access to modern technologies, cities, companies, and public institutions could not function, provide services or care for the safety of billions of people living in urban areas. That is especially vital in conditions of the threat to many people's health and life and shutdown of economies caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the article aims to present selected examples of smart solutions used in cities in the face of the challenges related to ensuring security. Their functionality in pandemic conditions is also described both at present and if the state of emergency continued for the following years. The study proved that the importance of smart solutions for contemporary cities' functioning is growing in the face of the threat to the residents' health and life caused by COVID-19. That mainly applies to tools in the area of e-government, e-education, and e-services in the healthcare sector, including applications for reporting and informing about clusters of virus infections.
The Expression and Significance of XB130 in Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yingjian Huang , Qiqi Duan , Ning Wang , Yan Zheng
Published: March 2021

Background: Skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer with an increasing incidence rate worldwide. XB130 is a novel adaptor protein for intracellular signal transduction and it participates in cell proliferation, cell survival, cell migration and cell apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that XB130 is involved in cancer initiation and progression; however, its expression and role in BCC have not been investigated. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of XB130 at protein level in skin samples obtained from patients with skin basal cell carcinoma (n=40) and healthy donors (n=35). Results: In our study, we found that the staining of XB130 was mostly observed in cytoplasm. In normal skin tissues, XB130 was expressed almost in the whole layer of the epidermis. And the expression of XB130 in BCC was significantly down-regulated compared to normal skin. Conclusions: The study suggested that XB130 is involved in the pathogenesis of BCC and it may serve as a therapeutic target of BCC. Keywords: XB130; skin basal cell carcinoma;
Lichen planus pigmentosus, linear nevoid pattern along the lines of blaschko with mucosal involvement
Authors: Pishgouy Marzieh , Ghoyonlo Vahid Mashayekhi , Memarzadeh Zeinab
Published: March 2021

Pigmented lichen planus is a rare variant of lichen planus that is characterized by oval and round shape dark brown macules with indistinct border. Linear pigmented lichen planus is a clinical pattern of planus disease that presents unilaterally along one or more lines of blaschko. We report a 30–year-old female patient with Linear pigmented lichen planus along the lines of blaschko with mucosal involvement. Keywords: Pigmented lichen planus; Blaschko line; Mucosal involvement.
Multiple Clustered and Focally Atrophic Dermatofibromas: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Amorim Gustavo Moreira , Dan Itaya Eduardo , Coelho Itaya Gabriela , Mousquer Leal Luiza , Pereira Amanda Amaro , Amorim Filho Roberto Moreira
Published: March 2021

We present a case of a 50 year-old woman with multiple erythematous and hyperpigmented plaques, with achromic and slightly atrophic centers, restricted to a body segment. Dermoscopy showed a pigmented network surrounding a central scar-like patch. Histopathology, complemented by immunohistochemical profile was compatible with dermatofibromas, arranged in a multiple clustered form. Relevant literature on the topic was reviewed. Meshterms: Factor 13a Positivity; Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma; Multiple clustered dermatofibroma; Segmental Distribution
Dissociable Roles of Pallidal Neuron Subtypes in Regulating Motor Patterns
Authors: Cui Qiaoling , Pamukcu Arin , Cherian Suraj , Chang Isaac Y. M. , Berceau Brianna L. , Xenias Harry S. , Higgs Matthew H. , Rajamanickam Shivakumar , Chen Yi , Du Xixun , Zhang Yu , McMorrow Hayley , Abecassis Zachary A. , Boca Simina M. , Justice Nicholas J. , Wilson Charles J. , Chan C. Savio
Published: March 2021

We have previously established that PV+neurons and Npas1+neurons are distinct neuron classes in the external globus pallidus (GPe): they have different topographical, electrophysiological, circuit, and functional properties. Aside from Foxp2+neurons, which are a unique subclass within the Npas1+class, we lack driver lines that effectively capture other GPe neuron subclasses. In this study, we examined the utility of Kcng4-Cre, Npr3-Cre, and Npy2r-Cre mouse lines (both males and females) for the delineation of GPe neuron subtypes. By using these novel driver lines, we have provided the most exhaustive investigation of electrophysiological studies of GPe neuron subtypes to date. Corroborating our prior studies, GPe neurons can be divided into two statistically distinct clusters that map onto PV+and Npas1+classes. By combining optogenetics and machine learning-based tracking, we showed that optogenetic perturbation of GPe neuron subtypes generated unique behavioral structures. Our findings further highlighted the dissociable roles of GPe neurons in regulating movement and anxiety-like behavior. We concluded that Npr3+neurons and Kcng4+neurons are distinct subclasses of Npas1+neurons and PV+neurons, respectively. Finally, by examining local collateral connectivity, we inferred the circuit mechanisms involved in the motor patterns observed with optogenetic perturbations. In summary, by identifying mouse lines that allow for manipulations of GPe neuron subtypes, we created new opportunities for interrogations of cellular and circuit substrates that can be important for motor function and dysfunction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWithin the basal ganglia, the external globus pallidus (GPe) has long been recognized for its involvement in motor control. However, we lacked an understanding of precisely how movement is controlled at the GPe level as a result of its cellular complexity. In this study, by using transgenic and cell-specific approaches, we showed that genetically-defined GPe neuron subtypes have distinct roles in regulating motor patterns. In addition, thein vivocontributions of these neuron subtypes are in part shaped by the local, inhibitory connections within the GPe. In sum, we have established the foundation for future investigations of motor function and disease pathophysiology.
Testing Mosquitoes for Student Inquiry
Authors: Kosal Erica , Anaele Beverly I.
Published: March 2021

Because mosquitoes are a public health concern, several chemical insect repellents have been created and used for many years. While some of these products, such as DEET and permethrin, are effective at controlling mosquito populations, their excessive use may lead to animal, human, and environmental harm if applied improperly. Understanding the life cycles of mosquitoes, their feeding preferences, and their responses to natural plant extracts could enable scientists to develop more environmentally safe but still effective insect repellents. Various types of plant extracts (e.g., American beautyberry, Callicarpa americana) hold promise. In order to study such plant–mosquito interactions, we had to establish basic husbandry practices for successfully rearing and maintaining mosquito populations in the lab. We discuss the protocols we have used for housing mosquitoes and creating plant extracts and offer suggestions for how students can use both for inquiry.
Troubling Pākehā Relations to Place
Authors: Bell Avril , Ream Rebecca
Published: March 2021

In this duoethnographic essay, united in our desire as white settler scholars to trouble the settler colonial legacies still steeped in what counts as our “home,” we have written personal accounts of our connections to certain places. Building on these musings, we explore the ontological perspectives of Donna J. Haraway and Karen Barad to navigate the more-than-human dimensions of our home places as well as their troubling colonial histories. Using composting as theory making, we make tentative conclusions about the practice of white settler response-ability and the possibilities of a more response-able relationship with Indigenous people and with our home places.
The Preservation of the Terbang Papat Music at Ash-Shiddiqin Musalla in Kudus Regency
Authors: Ryandana Mylza Nova , Florentinus Totok Sumaryanto , Utomo Udi
Published: March 2021

Terbang Papat is a typical traditional art from Kudus, the name of Terbang Papat was taken from the instruments of Terbang in the amount of four and used one Jidor. The art of Terbang Papat, now is starting to fade because it has been replaced by the times. This study aims to provide a preservation overview of the Terbang Papat art form in Kudus. The study was conducted by using a qualitative analysis research method with the research location in the Kedungdowo Kaliwungu village, Kudus Regency. The data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and document study. The data validity technique used data triangulation technique. Meanwhile, data analysis and processing techniques were carried out by collecting, reducing, clarifying and verifying data. The result of preserving the Terbang Papat music is from musical elements namely the time element and the characteristics of the accompanying instruments.
Imaging cerebral microbleeds in Cushing’s disease evaluated by quantitative susceptibility mapping: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Hong , Yang Wenjie , Sun Yuhao , Yan Fuhua , Sun Qingfang , Wei Hongjiang , Bian Liu-Guan
Published: March 2021

Design

Cushing’s disease (CD) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by chronic exposure to hypercortisolism due to an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. The adverse effects of chronic exposure to hypercortisolism on the human brain remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in CD patients and their associations with clinical characteristics.

Methods

In this study, 48 active CD patients, 39 remitted CD patients, and 52 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent MRI. CD patients also underwent neuropsychological testing and clinical examinations. The number, locations, and volumes of CMBs were assessed on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) images and with the Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale. The correlation between CMBs and clinical characteristics was explored.

Results

The prevalence of CMBs among active and remitted CD patients was higher than that among HCs (16.3%, 20.5%, and 3.3%, respectively). Moreover, the age of CD patients with CMBs were much younger than HCs with CMBs. Furthermore, the increased number of CMBs in active CD patients was associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes in remitted CD patients.

Conclusions

Chronic exposure to hypercortisolism may be relevant to CMBs and significantly correlated with altered brain volumes in CD.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Human brown adipose tissue as a therapeutic target: warming up or cooling down?
Authors: McNeill Ben T , Suchacki Karla J , Stimson Roland H
Published: March 2021

Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to obesity and its associated metabolic health consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several approaches to treat or prevent obesity including public health interventions, surgical weight loss, and pharmacological approaches to reduce caloric intake have failed to substantially modify the increasing prevalence of obesity. The (re-)discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans approximately 15 years ago led to a resurgence in research into whether BAT activation could be a novel therapy for the treatment of obesity. Upon cold stimulus, BAT activates and generates heat to maintain body temperature, thus increasing energy expenditure. Activation of BAT may provide a unique opportunity to increase energy expenditure without the need for exercise. However, much of the underlying mechanisms surrounding BAT activation are still being elucidated and the effectiveness of BAT as a therapeutic target has not been realised. Research is ongoing to determine how best to expand BAT mass and activate existing BAT; approaches include cold exposure, pharmacological stimulation using sympathomimetics, browning agents that induce formation of thermogenic beige adipocytes in white adipose depots, and the identification of factors secreted by BAT with therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the caloric capacity and other metabolic benefits from BAT activation in humans and the role of metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle in increasing energy expenditure. We discuss the potential of current approaches and the challenges of BAT activation as a novel strategy to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.