bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and social accounting: An alternative vision of corporate sustainability. Part 1
Authors: PETROV Sergei V.
Published: July 2024

Subject. This article focuses on accounting approaches in the context of reflecting the social and environmental operations of an enterprise aimed at ensuring corporate sustainable development.
Objectives. The article aims to reveal the potential for sustainability disclosure in the financial accounting and reporting complex of the enterprise.
Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization.
Results. The article proposes the formulation of a provision as an accounting phenomenon for reflecting the company's social and environmental operations, reveals the principle of reconciliation of classical accounting objects with newly introduced ones, and it also proposes a settlement and accounting mechanism, and determines the role of non-financial reporting in relation to its financial counterpart.
Conclusions. The accounting approach to reflecting the sustainable development of the enterprise helps form an objective view on this issue with the minimum necessary inclusion of non-financial accounting techniques, the list of metrics of which should be fixed.
Improving the internal control system in the digital economy
Authors: ULLAH Raheem , ANTONOV Artur R.
Published: July 2024

Subject. This article examines the problems faced by the internal control systems of economic entities in the context of the digital economy, and it searches for potential solutions to improve the efficiency and adaptability of these systems.
Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the areas for improving the internal control system in the context of digitalization.
Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, comparison, systematization, and data generalization.
Results. Based on the analysis of the problems associated with the improvement of control procedures in the context of the digital economy, the article offers recommendations for the phased implementation of digital transformation in the internal control system of a commercial organization, and it identifies digital technologies that can help in the successful implementation of each of the identified stages.
Conclusions. By implementing digital transformation, organizations can streamline internal control processes by automating manual and repetitive tasks, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing the likelihood of errors. Using advanced analytics, organizations can make data-driven decisions, detect fraudulent activity, and streamline internal controls in real time.
Improving the system of social protection of self-employed citizens
Authors: FEDORCHENKO Oleg I. , FEDORCHENKO Tat'yana A.
Published: July 2024

Subject. This article considers the self-employed as a subject of economic activity, and it discusses the participation of the self-employed population in the system of social and pension insurance.
Objectives. This article aims to analyze the development of the pension and social insurance system of the self-employed people.
Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods.
Results. The article presents an author-developed algorithm of actions of the self-employed in terms of relations with government agencies on registration, taxation and insurance, and it offers certain approaches to the development of the system of voluntary social insurance of the self-employed.
Conclusions and Relevance. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory documents, the article concludes that it is necessary to determine the legal status of the self-employed, the list of obligations to pay taxes and fees, and the specification of their social guarantees and rights. The practical application of the results of the study can improve the mechanism of employment management, which is important for the development of Russia as a social State.
Long-term scenario forecast for the grain production development in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Authors: GENERALOV Ivan G.
Published: July 2024

Subject. This article examines the problem of long-term planning and the role of natural, climatic, and industrial and economic features of the region in grain production.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a long-term scenario forecast for the development of grain production in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, taking into account regional agro-climatic features.
Methods. For the study, I used a factor analysis, simplex method of linear programming, and linear trends construction.
Results. The article offers various forecasts for grain production in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.
Conclusions. The developed long-term scenario forecast for the development of grain production in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast can be useful for the development of a regional strategy for the development of grain production.
The impact of armed conflicts on natural ecosystems and environmental protection
Authors: KIREI Vladimir Vl.
Published: July 2024

Subject. The article considers problems of natural ecosystems destruction during military operations, and formation of mechanisms for post-conflict reconstruction.
Objectives. The study aims to analyze the mechanisms of the impact of armed conflicts on natural ecosystems and biodiversity, define factors affecting possible environmental and economic damage.
Methods. I employ methods of systems analysis.
Results. The study established that environmental and economic damage caused by a particular armed conflict is a result of several unique factors. There is no evidence that military planners consider environmental impacts when planning or conducting military operations. I reviewed international legal initiatives in the field of environmental protection during hostilities.
Conclusions. Armed conflicts at different stages of development have a very negative impact on the structure of ecosystems and biodiversity. Post-conflict reconstruction of environmental institutions is a key element of the strategy to achieve sustainable development goals.
Digital support of spatial planning processes in the regions
Authors: MILEKHINA Ol'ga V. , ADOVA Irina B.
Published: July 2024

Subject. This article deals with the design and modeling of a data-centered tool for supporting spatial planning processes.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a tool designed to solve the problem of automated formation of volumetric surfaces, which is necessary for assessing the innovative development of the region.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods and approaches of the fuzzy logic theory, and logical programming methods.
Results. An integrated approach to solving regional problems, taking into account the empirical knowledge of experts, helped develop a tool for assessing the innovative potential of the region, its approbation through using a Russian region as a case study is illustrated with graphs.
Relevance. The formed triad of sustainable development makes it possible to reflect the behavior of the regional innovative development index as a whole on the basis of social, economic and environmental indicators of sustainability.
Diterpene Biosynthesis of Seaweed canistrocarpus cervicornis: A Potential Method by Diterpene Obtention in Brown Algae Using Aqueous Extract as an Enzyme Source
Authors: Concha Obando Johana Marcela ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense
Published: July 2024

The Dictyotaceae family's chemistry involves producing several diterpenoids with different skeletons
The Health Benefits of Tofu, an Unfermented Soybean Food that Regulates the Intestinal Environment
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroaki ,   International University Of Health And Welfare Graduate School
Published: July 2024

Products based on soybean isoflavones are gaining attention globally for their health benefiting properties in multiple systems including the intestinal microbiota. Tofu is a healthy, unfermented soybean food which is widely available and commonly consumed, especially in Japan. However, few studies have focused on the beneficial effects of Tofu on the intestinal environment, particularly constipation, and the dependency of health benefits on the bioavailability of isoflavones.
El derecho al medio ambiente en Portugal
Authors: Pereira da Silva Vasco
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo expone desde una perspectiva dogmático constitucional, el derecho al ambiente en Portugal, tomando como referencia la Carta Política portuguesa, así como los desarrollos doctrinales más importantes en materia de derechos fundamentales. A partir de la definición de derecho fundamental, desentraña el alcance de este importante derecho para establecer si es subjetivo, si es obligación del Estado, las consecuencias de su naturaleza y por último su justiciabilidad y eficacia.
Level 1 autism spectrum disorder as a risk factor for suicide in a child: case report
Authors: Freitas Filipe Augusto Cursino de , Caixeta Arthur Faria Turmin , Aleixo Mateus Arruda
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Suicidal behavior is one in which the individual has thoughts, plans, and actions with the intention of ending their own life. This is a global public health problem. Recently, autism spectrum disorders have begun to be considered risk factor for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Method: Case report. Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy who made a suicide attempt, was admitted to the emergency department at Centro Psíquico da Adolescência e Infância. After a period of irregular treatment, this child made a suicide attempt. As an inpatient, autism spectrum disorder with comorbid depressive disorder was diagnosed after longitudinal and systematic assessments of multidisciplinary team. Treatment was performed according to clinical issues. Discussion:  This patient had a form of autism spectrum disorder on which core aspects were not so evident. In this child, there was an overlap between depressive symptoms and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Despite social isolation being present, this patient proved capable to disguising his condition using techniques of social and behavioral imitation and camouflage with the aim of adapting to social environment. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of longitudinal evaluation and multidisciplinary assessment to differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It also opens a window for further investigations of a possible association between autism spectrum disorders and suicidal behavior in youth.
The role of emotional eating as relief mechanism from psychological distress and its impact on overall wellbeing
Authors: Jurek Joanna Michalina , Maruda Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

Emotional eating, characterized by the consumption of highly palatable and calorie dense foods in response to psychological distress and negative emotions, poses a significant challenge to global public health and well-being. Based on the studies showing the complex interplay between emotional states and dietary choices, highlighted the motivational role of relief seeking, which according to a Hull's drive reduction theory, emphasizes the role of internal drives and external cues. Inability to cope with negative feelings and/or high tension indicates that emotion regulation can be a critical factor in maintaining well-being, as adaptive regulation protects against negative emotions and external stressors; which if not developed properly, can lead to avoidant coping strategies, which can contribute to eating disorder symptoms. Therefore, dysregulation of the hedonic and homeostatic food intake, compromised cortical control, and alterations in the gut signaling are implicated in obesity triggered by stress-induced eating. Therefore this review aim to further discuss these observations to provide better understanding of the role of emotional eating in providing a relief from the psychological distress, emphasizing impact of the food on the reward system; while providing insights in emerging holistic mitigating approaches which by promoting alternative coping mechanisms and adequate nutrition and supplementation, may help to aid the emotional eating management and reduce burden on related to that illnesses.
Terminal Soft Landing Guidance Law Using Analytic Gravity Turn Trajectory
Authors: Han Seungyeop , Jo Byeong-Un , Ho Koki
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an innovative terminal landing guidance law that utilizes an analytic solution derived from the gravity turn trajectory. The characteristics of the derived solution are thoroughly investigated, and the solution is employed to generate a reference velocity vector that satisfies terminal landing conditions. A nonlinear control law is applied to effectively track the reference velocity vector within a finite time, and its robustness against disturbances is studied. Furthermore, the guidance law is expanded to incorporate ground collision avoidance by considering the shape of the gravity turn trajectory. The proposed method’s fuel efficiency, robustness, and practicality are demonstrated through comprehensive numerical simulations, and its performance is compared with existing methods.
Türkiye’de Phillips Eğrisinin Geçerliliğinin Test Edilmesi
Authors: Karataş Ali Rauf
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışma, genellikle doğrusallık ve parametre sabitliği varsayımları altında tahmin edilen ve işsizlik ile enflasyon ve/veya parasal ücret düzeyi arasında bir değiş-tokuş ilişkisi olduğunu savunan geleneksel Phillips eğrisinin Türkiye ekonomisinde geçerli olup olmadığının sınanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 2005:01-2023:09 dönemi aylık verilerinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada üretici fiyat endeksi, işsizlik oranı (15+ yaş) ve genç işsizlik oranı (15-24 yaş) değişkenlerinin dahil edildiği iki ayrı model kurulmuştur. Çalışmada söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi analiz aracı olarak tercih edilmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz neticesinde elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye ekonomisinde hem genel işsizlik oranları hem de genç işsizlik oranları itibariyle Phillips eğrisinin geçerli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç özellikle 1960’lı yıllar boyunca Keynesyen iktisatçıların “Phillips eğrisi farklı işsizlik düzeyleri ile enflasyon oranları arasında bir seçim menüsü sunan hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde geçerli ve istikrarlı bir ilişkiyi temsil etmektedir” savını doğrulamaktadır. Bu sebeple Türkiye ekonomisinde 2005 sonrası dönemde sağlanan ve Covid-19 Pandemisi sonrasına kadar devam eden göreli fiyat istikrarının yüksek işsizlik oranları ve eksik istihdam dengesi pahasına olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Yolsuzluğun Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: Yıldız Hikmet Dersim
Published: July 2024

Ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyelerinden bağımsız olarak yolsuzluk dünya genelinde sorunlu bir davranış olarak ifade edilmektedir. Yolsuzluk, toplumların geçmişten gelen demokrasi gelenekleri, iç ve dış karışıklıklardan kaçınmaları ve eğitim seviyeleri gibi birçok farklı faktör ile açıklanabilmektedir. Çalışmada, yolsuzluğun seçilen belirleyiciler aracılığıyla, yatay-kesit veri analizi ile tahmin edilmesi ve incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, Yolsuzluk Algılama Endeksi (Corruption Perception Index) verileri esas alınmış ve 151 ülkenin 2021 yılı verileri kullanılarak dört farklı model oluşturulmuştur. İlk olarak tüm ülkeler analize dâhil edilmiş ve bazı bulgular elde edilmiştir. Diğer üç model ise İnsani Gelişme Endeksi’nin gelişmişlik sınıflandırmalarına göre oluşturulmuştur. Tüm ülkelerin dâhil edildiği ilk modele göre, demokrasi, eğitim seviyesi ve ülkelerin içinde bulunduğu barış ortamı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Benzer şekilde gelişmişlik seviyelerine göre sınıflandırılan ülkeler için ayrı modeller oluşturulmuş ve bu bağlamda yolsuzluğun belirleyicilerinin ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerine bağlı olarak değişebildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Son olarak bu çalışmada tahmin edilen eğitim ve barış faktörleri literatüre katkı sağlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir.
A atuação do enfermeiro na regulação de urgências
Authors: Piana Andreia Regina , Ribeiro João Vitor Rosa , Borsato Fabiane Gorni , Esteves Roberto Zonato
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Identificar as características dos estudos publicados sobre a atuação do enfermeiro em serviços de regulação de urgências. Métodos: Revisão de escopo, realizada entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2023 nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Scielo, BVS e Capes Periódicos, e pesquisa na literatura cinzenta incluindo o Portal de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e Google Acadêmico, utilizando combinações de descritores relacionados a Nursing, Professional Competence e Emergency Medical Dispatch. Resultados: O processo de busca recuperou 161 artigos das quatro bases de dados e 04 estudos na literatura cinzenta, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e processo de triagem de títulos e resumos, e na sequência de texto completo, a revisão incluiu um total de 06 artigos e 03 estudos. Identificou-se que em sistemas internacionais, enfermeiros atuam avaliando emergências e decidindo sobre o envio de ambulância. Nacionalmente, o papel do enfermeiro na regulação de urgências foca em organização, gestão e qualificação do processo regulatório. Considerações finais: As diferenças entre contextos internacional e nacional enfatizam a necessidade de revisão e adequação de responsabilidades. O estudo ressalta a importância de reconhecer e integrar as contribuições dos enfermeiros na regulação das urgências.
Dosagem e rastreio de B12 em gestantes
Authors: Dias Maria Clara Correa , Pereira Débora Kevllyn Sousa , Rosa Endrew Yaan Mendes , Frizoni Ana Carolina da Silva , Heringer Bruna Mayrink , Pinheiro Flávia Souza , Siqueira Gabriela Azevedo de Souza , Teixeira Jade Vargas Ferreira , Carvalho Marina Fernandes , Zimmermmann Juliana Barroso
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a dosagem sérica de vitamina B12 em gestantes e a importância do rastreio no pré-natal. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo piloto, longitudinal, com 79 gestantes atendidas.  Resultados: A média de idade das pacientes foi de 31,4 + 7,4 anos, com média de 2,3 gestações + 1,3; 0,9 + 1,0 partos e 0,3 + 0,7 abortos. A dosagem de vitamina B12 foi de 374 ± 190 pg/ml, sendo considerada normal em 75% das gestantes estudadas, limítrofe em 16,7%, baixa em 6,9% e alta em 1,4%. No segundo trimestre, a média de B12 foi de 321 ± 191 pg/ml, com 20,8% com dosagem baixa, 39,6% normal e 37,5% limítrofe. No terceiro trimestre, a média de B12 foi de 302 ± 222 pg/ml, com 28,2% com dosagem baixa, 28,2% normal, 38,5% limítrofe e 5,1% elevada. Não houve associação entre as dosagens de vitamina B12 e o consumo de carne, leite e ovos (p>0,05). Não houve casos de confusão, demência, perda de sensibilidade ou formigamento em membros, mas houve associação com diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Conclusão: Considerando a queda da vitamina B12 ao longo do pré-natal e o grande número de dosagens limítrofes, o rastreio no pré-natal deve ser considerado.
Transplant Renal Vein Stenosis (TRVS) Managed with Percutaneous Endovascular Stenting: A Case Report
Authors: Chaudhary Preeti , Tarachandani Rajesh , Nath Ranjeet Kumar , Mahapatra Himansu Sekhar
Published: July 2024

Transplant renal vein stenosis (TRVS) is a rare vascular complication of renal transplant that can masquerade findings of rejection and infection. We report a case who presented 2 years 9 months post-transplant with localized non-tender heaviness and fullness at the graft site with renal dysfunction. Initial ultrasonogram (USG) was suggestive of graft pyelonephritis with perinephric collection, though, there were no clinical features of infection and cultures came as sterile. Doppler revealed findings of TRVS, which was confirmed with a CT angiogram. Graft vein angioplasty restored the hemodynamics, but the patient again presented after 4 months with incidentally detected graft dysfunction. USG Doppler showed graft vein stenosis at the same site, which was managed with an elective renal vein angioplasty with stent placement.
MODELS AND ALGORITHMS OF FORMATION THE OPTIMAL WORK TIMETABLE OF THE MOBILE MEDICAL BRIGADE
Authors: Колпачев В.Н. , Селезнева Н.А.
Published: July 2024

С целью повышения доступности медицинской помощи и качества оказания медицинских услуг жителям отдаленных, труднодоступных районов и малочисленных населенных пунктов в отдельных регионах Российской Федерации осуществляется развитие выездных форм работы с применением мобильных медицинских комплексов, обслуживаемых мобильными медицинскими бригадами. Построение оптимального расписания работ, то есть последовательности работ, обеспечивающей их завершение не позже заданных сроков, является необходимым этапом календарного планирования выездов мобильных медицинских бригад. При решении этой задачи важно учитывать время перемещения мобильных медицинских бригад и схемы, по которым будет осуществляться их доставка к пунктам выполнения медицинских работ, что, в свою очередь, может определяться метеорологическими, природно-климатическими, географическими условиями в регионе, площадью территории, плотностью расселения жителей, моделью размещения населенных пунктов и поселений на отдельных территориях и другими причинами. В статье рассматриваются модели и алгоритмы, соответствующие некоторым частным постановкам задачи определения оптимальной очередности выполнения работ мобильной медицинской бригадой с учетом времени ее перемещения между пунктами дислокации. Приводится пример применения рассмотренных структур. Выделяются актуальные проблемы в сфере здравоохранения, одним из инструментом исследования которых могут служить приведенные в статье модели и алгоритмы.

In order to improve the accessibility of medical care and the quality of medical services to residents of remote, hard-to-reach areas and small settlements in certain regions of the Russian Federation, forms of medical care are being developed using mobile medical complexes serviced by mobile medical teams. The construction of an optimal work timetable, that is, a sequence of work that ensures their completion no later than the deadlines set, is an important stage in the scheduling of mobile medical brigades' departures. When solving this problem, it is important to take into account the time for the movement of mobile medical teams and the schemes by which they will be delivered to the points of medical work, which in turn can be determined by meteorological, climatic, geographical conditions in the region, the area of the territory, the density of settlement residents, a model for locating settlements in certain territories and other reasons. The article deals with models and algorithms that correspond to some particular wording of tasks of determining the optimal order of execution of work by a mobile medical brigade, taking into account the time of its movement between points of deployment. An example of the application of the structures considered is given. Highlighted the actual problems in the field of health, for the research of which the models and algorithms described in the article can be used.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE OBJECT OF MANAGEMENT "FOLLOWING ELECTRIC POWER"
Authors: Максютов И.С. , Мигранов А.Б.
Published: July 2024

Данная статья описывает получение математической модели следящего электропривода, который предназначен для управления углом поворота пневматической пушки, которая является частью системы автоматического пожаротушения с применением искусственного интеллекта. Данная тема очень актуальна, поскольку тема пожаротушения является одной из самых проблемных, в том числе, в полевых условиях. На данный момент ни одна из существующих автоматических установок пожаротушения не обеспечивает быструю и эффективную ликвидацию пожара с минимальными потерями. Полученная математическая модель позволит системе пожаротушения быстрее реагировать на показания датчиков температуры, которые определяют ядро пламени для того чтобы повернуть дуло пневмопушки по направлению к пламени. Для получения итоговой математической модели составлены дифференциальные уравнения и передаточные функции, характеризующие поведение каждого входящего в систему звена. Дифференциальное уравнение для двигателя постоянного тока с регулированием напряжения в цепи якоря выводится с учетом момента инерции (J) и момента сопротивления нагрузки (М), которые приводятся к валу двигателя. В качестве результатов работы проведен эксперимент при помощи программного обеспечения MATLAB и получены кривые переходного процесса, показывающие быстродействие системы.

This article describes the generation of a mathematical model of the servo electric drive, which is designed to control the angle of rotation of a pneumatic gun, which is part of an automatic fire extinguishing system using artificial intelligence. At the moment, none of the existing automatic fire extinguishing systems provides fast and effective fire elimination with minimal losses. This topic is very relevant, since the topic of firefighting is one of the most problematic, including in the field. The obtained mathematical model will allow the fire suppression system to react more quickly to the readings of the temperature sensors that determine the core of the flame in order to turn the gun barrel towards the flame. To obtain the final mathematical model, differential equations and transfer functions are drawn up, characterizing the behavior of each member entering the system. The differential equation for the DC motor with voltage regulation in the armature circuit is derived taking into account the moment of inertia (JH) and the load resistance moment (Mn), which are applied to the motor shaft. As the results of the work, the experiment was carried out with the help of the MATLAB software and the curves of the transient process were obtained, showing the speed of the system.
THE ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE OPTIMAL CREDIT LIMIT FOR RETAIL EXPRESS LOANS
Authors: Мастяева И.Н. , Воловатова Е.Г.
Published: July 2024

Один из важных шагов в процессе рассмотрения кредитной заявки - расчет максимальной суммы кредитного лимита, который банк готов предоставить заемщику. При этом в настоящий момент не существует универсальной методики расчета такого лимита, банк вправе самостоятельно разработать методику, по которой будет назначаться максимальный лимит. Несмотря на то, что единой методики расчет лимита нет, принципы, на основании которых банки принимают решение, схожи. Как правило, вычисляется коэффициент кредитной нагрузки клиента, на основе информации о доходах клиента и его кредитной истории. Однако в случае экспресс-кредитов данный подход не применим, поскольку доход, который является главным элементов в расчетах, как правило, ничем не может быть подтвержден. В данной статье предлагается альтернативная методика для оценки максимального лимита в случае экспресс-кредитования. Основываясь на достоверной информации (кредитный отчет), которой банк располагает в момент принятия решения для экспресс-кредитов, проведено исследование, от каких параметров, связанных с оценкой платежеспособности клиента, зависит риск невозврата. После чего построена функция вычисления оптимального кредитного лимита для заемщика для случая экспресс-кредитования при заданном уровне потерь, позволяющая увеличить прибыльность Банка по продукту.

One of the main steps in the loan decision process is maximum credit limit calculation. At the moment there is no universal methodology for calculating such a limit, the bank has the right to independently develop the methodology by which the maximum limit will be assigned. Despite the fact that there is no universal methodology for calculating the limit, the principles of which banks make a decision are similar. As a rule, the PTI (payment-to-income) index is calculated on the basis of information about the client's income and his credit history. However, in the case of express loans this approach is not applicable, since the income that is the main element in the calculations cannot be verified. This article suggests an alternative methodology for estimating the maximum limit in the case of express loans. Based on reliable information (credit report), a study has been conducted on which parameters related to PTI depends on the risk of default. After that, the function of calculating the optimal credit limit for the retail express loans at a given risk level is constructed, which allows increasing the Bank's profitability by product.
APPLICATION OF A NEURO NETWORK APPROACH TO LOGICAL DATA PROBLEMS AND BUILDING INTELLIGENT DECISION-MAKING SYSTEMS
Authors: Димитриченко Д.П. , Жилов Р.А.
Published: July 2024

Необходимость уменьшения размерности больших массивов данных при сохранении логической структуры, а также, выявление скрытых закономерностей и удаление информационных шумов и избыточности в описании объектов диагностики (распознавания) приводит к необходимости построения эффективного метода классификации объектов в слабо формализуемых областях знаний. Логические функции, описывающие объекты при помощи переменнозначных предикатов, позволяют выявить скрытые закономерности и устранить избыточность в описании объектов. Упорядоченные при помощи переменнозначных логических функции классы объектов являются основой для формирования структуры когнитивных карт. Целью настоящего исследования является создание алгоритма для построения логической нейронной сети на основе переменнозначной логической функции и обоснование возможности применения полученных результатов при построении когнитивных карт. Обоснована теоретическая возможность и приведены алгоритмы, позволяющие осуществить переход от переменнозначных логических функций к когнитивным картам при помощи нейросетевого подхода. Результатом данной работы является процедура построения когнитивной карты с применением логических нейронных сетей, построенных на основе переменнозначных логических функции. Преимуществом полученной когнитивной карты является возможность функционирования в рамках нечеткой логики.

The need to reduce the dimensionality of large data sets while maintaining the logical structure, as well as the detection of hidden patterns and the removal of information noise and redundancy in the description of diagnostic (recognition) objects leads to the need to construct an effective method for classifying objects in weakly formalized areas of knowledge. Logical functions that describe objects using variable-valued predicates allow us to reveal hidden regularities and eliminate redundancy in the description of objects. Ordered by means of variable-valued logical functions, object classes are the basis for the formation of the structure of cognitive maps. The purpose of this study is to create an algorithm for constructing a logical neural network based on the variable-valued logic function and justifying the possibility of applying the results obtained in the construction of cognitive maps. The theoretical possibility and algorithms allowing to make the transition from variable-valued logic functions to cognitive maps using the neural network approach are grounded. The result of this work is the procedure for constructing a cognitive map using logical neural networks built on the basis of variable-valued logical functions. The advantage of the obtained cognitive map is the possibility of functioning within the framework of fuzzy logic.
A STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING STEGANOGRAPHIC METHODS OF INFORMATION PROTECTION
Authors: Питолин А.В. , Преображенский Ю.П. , Чопоров О.Н.
Published: July 2024

Стеганографические методы применяют для того, чтобы скрыть сам факт существования определенных сообщений. В работе проведен анализ ключевых понятий, которые используются в стеганографических методах преобразования информации. Рассмотрены особенности стеганографических методов сокрытия информации в графических файлах. Разработана модель угроз несанкционированной передачи информации с применением методов стеганографического преобразования информации, использующих графические контейнеры. В статье приведена классификационная схема угроз несанкционированной передачи информации с применением методов стеганографического преобразования. Проведен эксперимент по выявлению наиболее эффективных способов противодействия несанкционированному доступу к информации. Было установлено, что почти все способы противодействия несанкционированному доступу по времени воздействия не превышают двух секунд. Выделены способы противодействия по времени воздействия, которые не превышают 0,7 секунды. Эксперимент проводился среди 10 человек при помощи программы S-tools и разработанного программного продукта AntiStego. В работе приведен алгоритм работы программы «AntiStego» вместе с описанием программных модулей, реализующих противодействие несанкционированному доступу. Предложена обобщенная схема проведения эксперимента по противодействию несанкционированной скрытой передачи информации.

Steganographic methods are used to hide the very fact of the existence of certain messages. The paper analyzes the key concepts that are used in steganographic methods of information transformation. Describes the features of the steganographic methods hide information in graphic files. Developed the threat model unauthorized transfer of information by steganographic methods of information transformation using the graphical containers. The article Presents a classification scheme of threats of unauthorized information transfer using the methods of its steganographic transformation. An experiment was conducted to identify the most effective ways to counteract unauthorized access to information. The author has established that almost all methods of counteraction to unauthorized access on time of influence do not exceed 2 seconds. Highlighted ways to counter at the time of exposure that do not exceed 0.7 seconds. The experiment was conducted among 10 people with the help of the S-tools program and the created AntiStego software. The paper presents the algorithm of the program "AntiStego" together with the description of the software modules implementing counteraction to unauthorized access. A generalized scheme of the experiment for combating the unauthorized covert transfer of information.
THE OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSPORT NETWORK’S ROUTES FOR SNOW CLEANING PROCESS ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOMSK CITY
Authors: Крутько М.С. , Григорьева Т.Е.
Published: July 2024

На примере города Томска проведена оптимизация маршрута уборки снега с целью минимизации холостого хода и возникновения помех в движении частного и общественного транспорта. В связи с этим описываются маршруты движения снегоуборочной техники г. Томска, анализ которых показал, что они не являются наилучшими. Для построения оптимального маршрута снегоуборочной спецтехники предлагается применить теорию графов, так как транспортная сеть по уборке снега представляет собой связный ориентированный граф. Конкретно осуществляется поиск наименьшей общей длины гамильтонова контура с помощью задачи коммивояжера методом ветвей и границ. При выборе оптимального маршрута учитывается утверждённый регламент уборки снега, согласно которому улицы I категории должны быть убраны за 4 часа, улицы II категории - за 8 часов, улицы III категории - за 12 часов. Исходя из расчётов, полученный оптимальный маршрут теоретически может улучшить процесс уборки снега в городе. Причём, построение графа не привязано к специфике расположения улиц города, соответственно такой процесс построения маршрутов можно считать универсальным. Он должен сократить не только время уборки снега, но и время построения самих маршрутов.

The optimization of snow cleaning routes was conducted using the example of Tomsk city in order to minimize idling and disturbing of vehicle traffic. It that regard routes of the Tomsk snow-removing vehicles are described, the analysis of which showed that they are not the best. The graph theory is proposed to be applied in order to construct an optimal route of snow removal vehicles, because transport network is a connected oriented graph. Specifically, the lowest total length of the Hamiltonian contour is searched using the traveling salesman problem with branch and bound algorithm. The approved snow removal regulations are considered, when selecting the optimal route. According to these regulations the first category streets should be cleaned in 4 hours, the streets of category II - in 8 hours, the streets of category III - in 12 hours. Based on calculations, the obtained optimal route theoretically can improve the process of snow removal in the city. Moreover, construction of route’s graph is not tied to specifics of the city streets location, so this optimization can be considered universal. It should not only reduce the time of harvesting snow in general, but also reduce the time of building routes themselves.
RATING MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCE ALLOCATIONSOFTWARE IN ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMSBASED ON EXPERT SELECTION OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Чернышов Б.А. , Чопоров О.Н.
Published: July 2024

Рациональное распределение ресурсного обеспечения является одной из актуальных задач управления организационными социально-экономическими системами. При этом возникает необходимость сравнения объектов на основе количественно измеримых оценок, интегральная характеристика такого оценивания позволяет указать рейтинг объектов и может быть использована в системах рейтингового управления. В статье рассматривается оптимизационный подход к экспертному выбору варианта распределения ресурсного обеспечения при использовании рейтингового управления в организационных социально-экономических системах. Показано, что источниками многовариантности являются: разнообразие множеств показателей, использованных для внутреннего рейтингового оценивания, разнообразие моделей упорядочения объектов организационной системы по величине интегральной оценки, разнообразие моделей распределения ресурсного обеспечения. Оптимизацию экспертного выбора предложено обеспечить за счет интеграции методов организации групповых экспертиз, обработки их результатов и выбора окончательного решения. Для их сочетания в едином цикле принятия управленческих решений в рамках компьютерного совещания введен вопросно-ответный режим переговорного процесса, позволяющий согласовать мнения группы равнозначных экспертов с доминирующим. Обоснован выбор окончательного варианта распределения ресурсного обеспечения объектам организационной системе на основе сочетания принципов большинства и диктатора.

Rational allocation of resources is one of the most urgent tasks of managing organizational social-and-economic systems. In this case, there is a need to compare objects based on quantifiable estimates. The integral characteristic of this assessment allows you to specify the rating of objects and can be used in rating management systems. The article considers an optimization approach to expert selection of resource allocation options when using rating management in organizational social-and-economic systems. It is shown that the sources of multivariance are: a variety of sets of indicators used for internal rating assessment, a variety of models for ordering objects of the organizational system by the value of the integral assessment, a variety of models for the distribution of resource provision. The optimization of the expert selection is proposed to be ensured by integrating methods of organizing group examinations, processing their results and selecting the final solution. Combining them in a single cycle of decision-making management within the computer meeting, a question/answer mode of the negotiation process was introduced, allowing to coordinate the opinions of a group of equivalent experts with the dominant one. The paper also justifies the final variant choice of resource allocation in the organizational system based on a combination of the majority and dictator principles.
NONLINEAR CRITERIA OF QUASILINEAR REGRESSION MODELS
Authors: Базилевский М.П.
Published: July 2024

Часто при выборе наилучшей в некотором заданном смысле регрессионной модели таковой оказывается нелинейная регрессия. Например, при реализации технологии «конкурса» моделей наилучшей может оказаться регрессия, относящаяся к классу квазилинейных. Достоинством квазилинейных регрессий является возможность их оценивания с помощью обычного метода наименьших квадратов. Но полученным при этом оценкам параметров квазилинейной модели редко удается дать какую-либо содержательную интерпретацию. В итоге построенную регрессию при условии, что она обладает высоким качеством аппроксимации, можно использовать только для получения прогнозов, что существенно снижает её практическую значимость. Данная работа посвящена проблеме оценивания степени нелинейности квазилинейных регрессионных моделей. На основе коэффициента Джини разработан критерий нелинейности по площади. Также представлен его аналог - критерий нелинейности по длине. Данные критерии нелинейности позволяют оценивать степень нелинейности как однофакторных, так и многофакторных квазилинейных регрессий. Показано, каким образом при низкой степени нелинейности можно интерпретировать параметры квазилинейной регрессии. Рассмотрен конкретный численный пример оценивания степени нелинейности однофакторных квазилинейных регрессий. Разработанные критерии можно использовать при организации технологии «конкурса» моделей для контроля степени их нелинейности.

Often, when choosing the best regression model in some given sense, this is can be non-linear regression. For example, with the implementation of the «competition» of models, the best regression may be quasilinear. The advantage of quasilinear regressions is the possibility of estimating them using the ordinary least squares. But the estimates obtained for the parameters of the quasilinear model rarely provide any meaningful interpretation. As a result, the constructed regression, provided that it has a high quality of approximation, can be used only for obtaining forecasts, which significantly reduces its practical significance. This paper is devoted to the problem of estimating the degree of nonlinearity of quasilinear regression models. Based on the Gini coefficient, a nonlinearity criterion for area has been developed. Also presented is its analogue - a nonlinearity criterion in length. These nonlinearity criteria allow us to estimate the degree of nonlinearity of both single-factor and multifactor quasilinear regressions. It is shown how the parameters of quasilinear regression can be interpreted with a low degree of nonlinearity. A specific numerical example of estimating the degree of nonlinearity of single-factor quasilinear regressions is considered. The developed criteria can be used in organizing the technology of «competition» of models to control the degree of their nonlinearity.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ МЕТАЛЛО-ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ АНТЕННЫ НА ОСНОВЕ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА
Authors: Lvovich I.Y. , Preobrazhenskiy A.P. , Choporov O.N. , Ruzhitsky E.
Published: July 2024

The structure of modern radio transmitting devices may include antennas formed of both metal and dielectric components-metal-dielectric antennas. They are compact enough and can be placed on various objects of equipment. The paper presents a simulation of a metal-dielectric antenna based on a combined approach. The scheme of antenna construction in different planes is given. The process of scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave on an antenna is considered. The combined algorithm including the method of the integral equation, parallel approach and genetic algorithm is developed. In this paper, the integral equation is used to determine the unknown surface electric currents on the antenna surface, it is solved on the basis of the method of moments. A parallel algorithm was used to speed up the calculations. The impedance matrix is represented as a block matrix. Each block has its own parallel stream. Taking into account the influence of a plane dielectric waveguide on the scattered field, a method associated with a generalized scattering matrix is used. To solve the problem of multi-alternative optimization associated with determining the linear dimensions of the antenna device at a given operating frequency of the antenna, a genetic algorithm is used. As a result, the dimensions of the designed antenna for the specified dimensions of its components are obtained

В состав современных радиопередающих устройств могут входить антенны, сформированные как из металлических, так и диэлектрических компонентов - металлодиэлектрические антенны. Они являются достаточно компактными и могут размещаться на различных объектах техники. В работе проведено моделирование металлодиэлектрической антенны на основе комбинированного подхода. Приведена схема построения антенны в разных плоскостях. Рассмотрен процесс рассеяния плоской электромагнитной волны на антенне. Разработан комбинированный алгоритм, включающий метод интегрального уравнения, параллельный подход и генетический алгоритм. В работе интегральное уравнение применяется для того, чтобы определить неизвестные поверхностные электрические токи на поверхности антенны, оно решается на основе метода моментов. Для ускорения расчетов использовался параллельный алгоритм. Матрица импедансов представляется как блочная. Для каждого из блоков применяется свой параллельный поток. При учете влияния на рассеянное поле плоского диэлектрического волновода используется метод, связанный с обобщенной матрицей рассеяния. Для решения задачи многоальтернативной оптимизации, связанной с определением линейных размеров антенного устройства при заданной рабочей частотой антенны, используется генетический алгоритм. В результате получены размеры спроектированной антенны для заданных размеров входящих в ее состав компонентов
THE ACCURATE CALCULATION OF PARTS TREATMENT COST FROM SHEET METAL ON THE CNC LASER CUTTING MACHINE IN PROBLEM OF TOOL ROUTING OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Таваева А.Ф. , Петунин А.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается вопрос точного вычисления целевой функции в задаче оптимизации маршрута перемещения режущего инструмента для машин листовой лазерной резки с числовым программным управлением (далее ЧПУ). В качестве целевой функции рассматривается стоимость лазерной резки, которая зависит от ряда числовых параметров. Вычисление этих параметров затруднено по ряду причин: необходимо учитывать тип используемого лазера в машине с ЧПУ, марку и толщину обрабатываемого материала, стоимость расходных материалов, расход и стоимость вспомогательного и лазерного газов, амортизацию оборудования и заработную плату обслуживающего персонала. В работе предлагается математическая модель точного вычисления целевой функции стоимости лазерной резки. На основании предложенной модели произведен расчет основных параметров для СО лазерного комплекса ByStar3015, от которых зависит стоимость резки. На основании полученных формул для расчета основных стоимостных параметров можно вычислить длину дополнительного реза, допустимую при проектировании маршрута режущего инструмента с применением специальных способов резки с дополнительным резом. Таким образом, зная рассчитанную максимально допустимую длину дополнительного реза можно легко оценить эффективность и целесообразность применения специальных способов резки еще на этапе проектирования маршрута перемещения режущего инструмента. Во второй части статьи рассмотрен пример расчета стоимости лазерной резки раскройной карты, разработанной в САПР «СИРИУС». При проектировании управляющей программы маршрут перемещения режущего инструмента был построен для двух случаев: резка «по замкнутому контуру» и применение специальных способов резки. Анализ полученных результатов показал, что применение специальных способов резки позволяет минимизировать стоимость лазерной резки.

The problem of objective function accurate calculation in issue of cutting tool route for CNC laser cutting machines is considered in this paper. The objective function is laser cutting cost depending on some parameters. The calculation of ones is complicated because of the type of laser in CNC machines, grade and thickness of work-in-process materials, cost of expendable materials, gas consumption and cost, amortization and wages of service personals should be considered. The mathematical model of laser cutting cost accurate calculation is presented. Based on proposed model the calculation of basic parameters is performed for CNC CO2 laser machine ByStar3015. The second part of paper considered example of laser cutting cost calculation for nesting. During develop of NC programs in CAD/CAM “SIRIUS” the cutting tool route is built for two cases: standard and special cutting techniques. Analysis of received results shows that application of special cutting technique minimizes the laser cutting cost.