bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economy of Belarus under Conditions of Political Instability
Authors: Shurubovich A.
Published: April 2021

The article examines development of economic situation in Belarus in the period of political instability connected with the presidential elections on August 9, 2020 and mass protests against supposed falsification of their results. Condition of the Byelorussian economy on the eve of political crisis is presented including major directions of influence of this crisis on the economy; growth of financial instability, strikes at enterprises, skilled personnel drain, sanction pressure on the part of the West. It is shown that the political crisis in the RB, despite many forecasts, has not provoked so far an economic chock in the country, but in a long-term perspective it may have serious negative consequences. Therefore achievement of high economic indices projected by the country’s leadership in the near future seems highly problematic.
Creating value chain model and shaping authentic tourism product: the case of South Serbia
Authors: Mojić Jovica
Published: April 2021

The purpose – The aim of this study are two fold - that the research focuses on the creation of value chain models identify relatively homogeneous market segments and the choice of those who are most profitable, and which will form an authentic tourism product. It is in this context, the generic and specific problems related to the value chain model are investigated specifying causal relationships between latent variables of resources and hypothetical structures. Design – Formulated hypotheses can be discussed from the perspective of the aspirations holders of tourist and business policy to align their capabilities with market needs, in order to satisfy customers and achieve an appropriate profit. The main challenges of today's modern times are represented in the form of requirements that govern the tourist market, the planned participation in the tourist market, improving market performance and competitiveness in the market of tourist services. Methodology – A hypothetical model of the value chain has been proposed based on the hypothesis formulated, and a sequence of key operations that create new value in the form of an authentic tourism product. The theoretical proposed model value chain is tested on a sample of responses obtained through interviews using questionnaires Likert scale. Approach – Keeping in mind that South Serbia interesting tourist destination that makes the combination of pristine and undiscovered nature, describes the properties and advantages of capabilities are presented in direct connection with the engagement of elected and identified tourism resources for modern tourism. Findings – The proposed model can enable the value chain forming an authentic tourism product in practice, while at the same time must take into account the implications as holistic as possible. Each model has a value chain impact and scope that simply can't be predicted on the field, regardless of the actors of the event. Originality of the research – Projected value chain model can be used as a concept in the development of new models according to their goals of strategic planning, resource values according to tourist destinations and forming the desired authentic tourism products.
Liquid Biopsy: A New Tool for Overcoming CDKi Resistance Mechanisms in Luminal Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: González-Conde Miriam , Yanez Celso , López-López Rafael , Costa Clotilde
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Approximately 70% of BC patients have the luminal subtype, which expresses hormone receptors (HR+). Adjuvant endocrine treatments are the standard of care for HR+/HER2- BC patients. Over time, approximately 30% of those patients develop endocrine resistance and metastatic disease. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant have demonstrated superior efficacies in increasing progression-free survival, with a safe toxicity profile, in HR+/HER2- metastatic BC patients. CDKi blocks kinases 4/6, preventing G1/S cell cycle transition. However, not all patients respond to CDKi, and those who do respond ultimately develop resistance to the combined therapy. Studies in tumour tissues and cell lines have tried to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this progression, but there are still no conclusive data. Over the last few years, liquid biopsy has contributed relevant information. Circulating tumour materials are potential prognostic markers for determining patient prognosis in metastatic luminal BC, for monitoring disease and for treatment selection. This review outlines the different studies performed using liquid biopsy in patients with HR+ metastatic BC treated with CDKi plus endocrine therapy. We focus mainly on those studies that describe possible resistance mechanisms in circulating tumour-derived material.
ANALISIS HASIL ASESMEN DIAGNOSTIK PADA KONSENTRASI MAHASISWA DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN ISLAM NEGERI (PTKIN)
Authors: Djayadin Chairunnisa , Mubarakah Wardah Wafiyah
Published: April 2021

Pembelajaran daring selama pandemik Covid-19 berhadapan dengan sejumlah permasalahan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan bagi penelitian terkait permasalahan konsentrasi mahasiswa saat melaksanakan pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data untuk menegakkan diagnosis melalui tes asesmen diagnostik bahwa telah terjadi permasalahan pada konsentrasi mahasiswa selama  proses pembelajaran daring, yang akan menjadi dasar dalam tindakan penyelesaian atau intervensi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner melalui googleform selama seminggu di Bulan Juni 2020. Pertanyaan bersifat tertutup dan terstruktur yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik asesmen diagnostik berupa selected response. Kuesioner yang lengkap terisi sebanyak 163 buah. Partisipan penelitian adalah 163 mahasiswa dari PTKIN, dengan rincian 122 dari UIN, 36 mahasiswa dari IAIN, dan 5 mahasiswa STAIN. Hasil asesmen diagnostik terhadap konsentrasi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring menunjukkan bahwa terdapat permasalahan konsentrasi belajar mahasiswa baik pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor, yang menjadi alat ukur konsentrasi dalam belajar. Hasil tersebut, menegakkan diagnosis bahwa telah terjadi permasalahan pada konsentrasi mahasiswa PTKIN saat mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk dilakukan intervensi pada proses pembelajaran terkait konsentrasi mahasiswa dalam belajar.

 

This study aims to proof that there is concentration problem faced by students during online learning process. This research is a preliminary study of a research  focusing on students concentration problems. The data was collected through survey with a questionnaire which sent to the participants via google form. The questionnaire distribution was started on June 21 to June 26, 2020. The participants who completed the questionnaire were 163 students with details of 122 students from UIN, 36 students from IAIN, and 5 STAIN students. The results of the diagnostic assessment show that there is a problem with student concentration in online learning on three aspects, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor as the measuring tools for concentration in learning. These results proofed the diagnosis that there has been a problem with the concentration of PTKIN students while participating in online learning. Based on the result showed, this study recommended further intervention to overcome the problems faced by the students.
DAMPAK PENGHARGAAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI KELAS V MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI
Authors: Syahroni Iza
Published: April 2021

Tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran tidak terlepas dari kreativitas guru dalam proses pembelajaran, salah satu dari kreativitas tersebut adalah dengan guru memberikan reward. Pemberian penghargaan atau reward kepada siswa merupakan sesuatu hal yang penting karena dapat membangkitkan atau mengembangkan minat siswa. Pemberian reward memberikan dampak pada proses pembelajaran terutama pada masa anak-anak yang sedang duduk di bangku sekolah dasar seperti siswa merasa senang dan mereka akan bangga dengan apa yang sudah dikerjakan. Dengan adanya rasa seperti ini maka siswa akan termotivasi untuk mengembangkan minatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak pemberian reward dalam proses pembelajaran IPS siswa kelas V MI Negeri di Lombok Barat. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data terdiri dari guru mata pelajaran IPS dan siswa kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri I Lombok Barat. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.  Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa, dampak pemberian reward dalam proses pembelajaran IPS adalah meningkatnya perhatian siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, meningkatkan antusias belajar siswa, meningkatnya keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, siswa lebih bisa dikendalikan tingkah lakunya ketika proses pembelajaran berlangsung.

 

Achieving learning objectives is inseparable from the creativity of teachers in the learning process, one of the creativity is giving rewards by teachers. Awarding or rewarding students is important because it can awaken or develop students' interest. Reward giving has an impact on the learning process, especially for elementary school children because the reward will make theem feeling happy and proud of what has been done. This study aims to find out how the impact of rewarding in the learning process of IPS subject for class V students of MI Negeri 1 Lobar using descriptive qualitative research. Data source consists of subject teachers and students of class V MI Negeri I Lobar. Data collection techniques used are observation, interview and documentation.  The results of the study conclude that rewarding impacts learning process such as increasing attention, enthusiasm, participation of students and were more able to control their behavior during the learning process.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI MEDIA KOLASE PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Astuti Puji
Published: April 2021

Berbagai macam media pembelajaran berfungsi untuk menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran dalam upaya mencapai hasil belajar, termasuk penggunaan media kolase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatnya hasil belajar pada siswa kelas IV SD pada pembelajaran tematik dengan menggunakan media kolase. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SDN 02 Margo Mulyo OKU Timur yang dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan pada tahun 2020. Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan adalah model John Elliot yang mencakup tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian melaporkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata siswa dari pra siklus 74,89 meningkat menjadi 76,30 pada siklus pertama, dan meningkat menjadi 79,00 pada siklus kedua. Persentase ketuntasan belajar dilaporkan meningkat pada setiap siklusnya, dari 52% pada pra siklus, menjadi 68% pada siklus pertama, dan menjadi 90% pada siklus kedua. Secara klasikal telah tercapai indikator yang ditetapkan yaitu persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai ≥ 75% siswa dengan nilai ≥ 75. Aktivitas belajar siswa dan mengajar guru selama proses pembelajaran menggunakan media kolase berkategori sangat baik. Saran penelitian adalah perlu dilakukannya kegiatan pendampingan pada guru dalam memilih, menggunakan, dan memanfaatkan media pembelajaran.

 

There are various media to support learning and improve learning outcomes, including collage media. This research aims to describe the outcomes of fourth-grade primary school students' thematic learning using collage media. This research is a classroom action research that was conducted for 3 months in 2020 at SDN 02 Margo Mulyo OKU Timur. The research procedure used is the John Elliot model which includes the stages of planning, observation, and reflection. The results reported the increase of students’ mean score from the pre-cycle 74,89 to 76,30 in the first cycle and increased to 79,00 in the second cycle. The percentage of learning completion reported to have increased in each cycle, from 52% in the pre-cycle, to 68% in the first cycle, and 90% in the second cycle. Classically, the proposed indicators have been achieved with student learning completion reaching ≥ 75% with ≥ a 75 score. Teacher and student learning activities with collage media are categorized very well. The research suggests that teachers must study the selecting, using, and utilizing learning media process.
PENERAPAN METODE MATERNAL REFLEKTIF (MMR) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA DENGAN HAMBATAN PENDENGARAN
Authors: Putri Tiana , Winarsih Murni , Mulyeni Trisna
Published: April 2021

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dengan hambatan pendengaran melalui penerapan Metode Maternal Reflektif (MMR) dalam pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan hasil tes kemampuan awal yang dilakukan pada siswa dengan hambatan pendengaran kelas IV di SLB yang menjadi partisipan penelitian, dapat dilihat bahwa kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa masih perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 1 siswa laki-laki dan 3 siswa perempuan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus, dalam setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Metode dalam pengumpulan data berupa observasi kelas, tes kemampuan membaca pemahaman, dan dokumentasi data pelengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan MMR dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dengan hambatan pendengaran secara signifikan.

 

The purpose of this classroom action research was to improve the reading comprehension of students with hearing impairments through the application of Maternal Reflective Methods (MMR) in the learning activity. Based on the results of observations and initial tests on students with hearing impairment in grade 4 of school for students with disabilities, it is evident that students reading comprehension skills need to be improved further. The Maternal Reflective Method is utilized to improve reading comprehension for students with hearing impairments. The research participants consisted of a male and three females with hearing impairment students. The research was held in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data were obtained through classroom observation, reading comprehension tests, and supplementary documents. The results showed that the utilization of the Maternal Reflective Method in learning activity could significantly improve reading comprehension for students with hearing impairments.
Effects of the psychological characteristics of CEOS at the levels of business internationalization: the case of the born global in Latin America
Authors: García-Cediel Gustavo
Published: April 2021

The aim of this document is to analyze not only the relationship among orientation towards innovation, proactiveness, and risk tolerance, chosen by the literature as three of the most important psychological characteristics of CEOs, but also the export intensity in a special type of firms: the Born Global, characterized by being small firms that, before completing their first three years up and running, have already started international operations with more than 25% of their sales directed to international markets. The theoretical framework of the paper uses the Upper Echelons approach, which considers that the demographic and psychological characteristics of the management team end up being determinant in the results of the companies. A Binary Logistic Regression based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor in twelve Latin American countries in 2016 was used as the statistical analysis methodology. As a result, it is found that the orientation towards innovation, studied from product and process innovation, is determinant to achieve successful internationalization processes. In contrast, proactiveness and risk tolerance were found to be non-determinant. This implies that companies should take measures to decisively promote innovation and intra-entrepreneurship mechanisms within themselves, and thus facilitate their integration into international markets.
Analysis of Pressure Interference Tests in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs: A Gas Condensate Example from Montney Formation
Authors: Haghshenas Behjat , Qanbari Farhad
Published: April 2021

Characterization of hydraulic fracture system in multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHW) is one of the key steps in well spacing optimization of tight and shale reservoirs. Different methods have been proposed in the industry including core-through, micro-seismic, off-set pressure data monitoring during hydraulic fracturing, pressure depletion mapping, rate-transient analysis, pressure-transient analysis, and pressure interference test. Pressure interference test for a production and monitoring well pair includes flowing the production well at a stable rate while keeping the monitoring well shut-in and recording its pressure.

In this study, the coupled flow of gas in hydraulic fractures and matrix systems during pressure interference test is modeled using an analytical method. The model is based on Laplace transform combined with pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time. The model is validated against numerical simulation to make sure the inter-well communication test is reasonably represented. Two key parameters were introduced and calculated with time using the analytical model including pressure drawdown ratio and pressure decline ratio.

The model is applied to two field cases from Montney formation. In this case, two wells in the gas condensate region of Montney were selected for a pressure interference test. The monitoring well was equipped with downhole gauges. As the producing well was opened for production, the bottom-hole pressure of the monitoring well started declining at much lower rate than the production well. The pressure decline rate in the monitoring well eventually approached that of the producing well after days of production. This whole process was modeled using the analytical model of this study by adjusting the conductivity of the communicating fractures between the well pairs.

This study provides a practical analytical tool for quantitative analysis of the interference test in MFHWs. This model can be integrated with other tools for improved characterization of hydraulic fracture systems in tight and shale reservoirs.
Impact of Drilling Fluid Contamination on Performance of Rock-Based Geopolymers
Authors: Eid E. , Tranggono H. , Khalifeh M. , Salehi S. , Saasen A.
Published: April 2021

Our objective is to present selected rheological and mechanical properties of rock-based geopolymers contaminated with different concentrations of drilling fluids. The possible flash setting and the maximum intake of drilling fluids before seeing a dramatic deterioration of the geopolymers are presented.

Rock-based geopolymers designed for cementing conductor and surface casing were prepared and cured for up to 28 days at 22°C and atmospheric pressure. Water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) and oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) were designed in accordance with the recommendations from the petroleum industry. The fluid samples were prepared, and their viscous behavior was characterized before and after hot-rolling. The geopolymeric slurries were mixed and then blended with the prepared drilling fluid volumes. The contaminated geopolymeric slurries were cured and tested at different time intervals. American Petroleum Institute (API) Class G neat cement was used as a reference. These samples were cured and contaminated with the same drilling fluids. The properties of contaminated geopolymer slurries were benchmarked with those of the contaminated Class G cement.

The obtained mechanical properties showed that the rock-based geopolymers are more sensitive to WBDFs than to OBDFs. However, for contaminated Portland cement samples, the obtained results were opposite, and the contamination effect of OBDF on cement was more noticeable than WBDF. The impact of geopolymer contamination is a function of curing time. Although geopolymeric samples showed dramatic strength retrogression at the early time, strength buildup of the samples compensated for the impact of contamination.
Experimental Study of Microgel Conformance-Control Treatment for a Polymer-Flooding Reservoir Containing Superpermeable Channels
Authors: Zhao Yang , Leng Jianqiao , Lin Baihua , Wei Mingzhen , Bai Baojun
Published: April 2021

Polymer flooding has been widely used to improve oil recovery. However, its effectiveness would be diminished when channels (e.g., fractures, fracture-like channels, void-space conduits) are present in a reservoir. In this study, we designed a series of particular sandwich-like channel models and tested the effectiveness and applicable conditions of micrometer-sized preformed particle gels (PPGs, or microgels) in improving the polymer-flooding efficiency. We studied the selective penetration and placement of the microgel particles, and their abilities for fluid diversion and oil-recovery improvement. The results suggest that polymer flooding alone would be inefficient to achieve a satisfactory oil recovery as the heterogeneity of the reservoir becomes more serious (e.g., permeability contrast kc/km > 50). The polymer solution would vainly flow through the channels and leave the majority of oil in the matrices behind. Additional conformance-treatment efforts are required. We tried to inject microgels in an attempt to shut off the channels. After the microgel treatment, impressive improvement of the polymer-flooding performance was observed in some of our experiments. The water cut could be reduced significantly by as high as nearly 40%, and the sweep efficiency and overall oil recovery of the polymer flood were improved. The conditions under which the microgel-treatment strategy was effective were further explored. We observed that the microgels form an external impermeable cake at the very beginning of microgel injection and prevent the gel particles from entering the matrices. Instead, the microgel particles could selectively penetrate and shut off the superpermeable channels under proper conditions. Our results suggest that the 260-µm microgel particles tested in this study are effective to attack the excessive-water-production problem and improve the oil recovery when the channel has a high permeability (>50 darcies). The gels are unlikely to be effective for channels that are less than 30 darcies because of the penetration/transport difficulties. After the gels effectively penetrate and shut off the superpermeable channel, the subsequent polymer solution is diverted to the matrices (i.e., the unswept oil zones) to displace the bypassed oil. Overall, this study provides important insights to help achieve successful polymer-flooding applications in reservoirs with superpermeable channels.
Nivolumab Monotherapy or Combination Therapy with Ipilimumab for Lung Cancer: A meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jiang Huihui , Xu Aiqun , Xia Wanli , Xia Xingyuan , Li Pulin , Zhang Binbin , Zhu Ke , Zhou Sijing , wang Ran
Published: April 2021

Background: The high incidence and mortality of lung cancer have seriously affected human life and health. Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that can inhibit programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4), both of which can prevent the immune escape of tumor cells. Our goal was to synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials involving the safety and efficacy of either Nivolumab alone or in combination for the treatment of unresectable lung cancer. Methods: We searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries, and screened the retrieved records for eligibility. We used the Stata16 software for the analyses. The results of the analysis are expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The final analysis included nine trials involving 4754 patients. Among patients with advanced lung cancer, patients using immunosuppressive therapy had better overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and an objective response rate (ORR) than patients receiving chemotherapy. The HR of Nivolumab monotherapy or combination therapy with OS was compared with that of chemotherapy (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64–0.83; HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60–0.93), and the HR of PFS was (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69–0.94; HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.98). Conclusions: Immunotherapy has been shown to have more clinically meaningful survival benefits for patients with lung cancer, whether monotherapy or combination immunotherapy.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020213440.
Use of an Ultraviolet Light activated Persulfate Process to Degrade Humic Substances: Effects of Wavelength and Persulfate Dose
Authors: Fang Yiming , Sakai Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

Natural organic matter (NOM), commonly found in surface and ground waters, form Disinfection by-products in drinking water. Generally, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) featuring hydrogen peroxide are used to treat water, however, sulfate radical recently has been used to treat recalcitrant organics, because it is associated with a higher oxidation potential and more effective removal than hydroxyl radicals. Hence, in this research, we evaluated persulfate oxidation efficiency in terms of reductions in humic substances levels and investigated the degradation mechanism. The results showed that ultraviolet activated persulfate effectively treated humic substances compared with hydrogen peroxide and direct irradiation. Treatment was dose- and wavelength-dependent; higher persulfate concentrations or shorter UV wavelengths were more effective for treating humic substances as high concentration sulfate radicals were created. The degradation mechanism was similar to that of hydrogen peroxide. Aromatic and chromophore components were more susceptible to degradation than were lower molecular weight components, being initially decomposed into the latter, reducing UV254 absorbance and the SUVA254. Lower molecular weight materials were eventually degraded to end products: NPOC levels fell. And we also treated the inflow of a drinking water treatment plant with persulfate, and humic substances were effectively removed.
A Fuzzy Linear Regression Model With Functional Predictors And Fuzzy Responses
Authors: Hesamian Gholamreza , Akbari Mohammad Ghasem
Published: April 2021

A novel functional regression model was introduced, where the predictor was a curve linked to a scalar fuzzy response variable. An absolute error-based penalized method with SCAD loss function was proposed to evaluate the unknown components of the model. For this purpose, a concept of fuzzy-valued function was developed and discussed. Then, a fuzzy large number notion was proposed to estimate the fuzzyvalued function. Some common goodness-of-fit criteria were also used to examine the performance of the proposed method. Efficiency of the proposed method was then evaluated through two numerical examples, including a simulation study and an applied example in the scope of watershed management. The proposed method was also compared with several common fuzzy regression models in cases where the functional data was converted to scalar ones.
Performance of Horizontal Roughing Filter for Colour Removal of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Natural Adsorbent
Authors: Dashti Arezoo Fereidonian , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Adlan Mohd Nordin , Ibrahim Ali Huddin
Published: April 2021

Palm oil wastewater treatment was investigated via a filtration process using raw and calcinated limestone. The column studies were conducted using different limestone sizes (4, 12, and 20 mm), calcination temperature (800°C and 600°C) and various filtration rates (20, 60, and 100 mL/min) and a comparison was made with raw limestone under similar conditions. The response surface methodology using central composite design was employed to optimize the process parameter. The experimental data was analyzed via the analysis of variance to identify the interaction between the parameters and the dependent parameter. The results showed that the colour removal increased with an increase in temperature (800 ºC) for filtration rate of 20 mL/min, the retention time of 317 min and the smaller size (4 mm) of limestone and decreased with an increase in the filtration rate and size of raw limestone. Based on the achieved results, the optimum condition for colour removal was at temperature 800°C (61%), 600 oC (56%) and raw limestone (49%) respectively with the same experimental setup (flow rate of 20 mL/min and limestone size of 4 mm). According to the statistical analysis, quadratic models demonstrated significant values (0.000) for the response (colour). Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms also provided good correlation coefficient for the colour removal. The data conforms to the Langmuir isotherm with the best fit model (R2 = 0.7).
Effect of gut microbiota from Henoch-Schönlein Purpura patients on acid-sensitive ion channel 3 expression and intestinal motility in Germ-free rats
Authors: Wang Jin-Kun , Yuan Li-Ping , Bo Yan , Zhao Jun-mei
Published: April 2021

Background
It has been proven that intestinal microbiota alterations and acid-sensing ion channels are associated with the development of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) and that the brain-gut axis, which involves the gut microbiota, plays important roles in many diseases. However, there have been no reports published on changes in ASIC3 expression caused by gut microbial composition and its impact on the development of HSP. This study was to investigate the impact of the intestinal microbiota in children with abdominal HSP on ASIC3 expression and interactions between the microbiota and ASIC3 expression on the development of HSP.
Methods
Feces collected from HSP children and healthy children at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were made into fecal microbial solutions. Germ-free rats were randomly assigned to either the control or HSP groups. The HSP group of rats were administered the fecal microbiota solution of HSP children, while the control group rats were administered the fecal microbiota solution of healthy children. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and intestinal propulsion rate of the rats were used to determine visceral sensitivity. Composition of the gut microbiota of HSP children was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ASIC3 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was ascertained through real-time PCR as well as western blotting analysis.
Results
The results showed a reduction in the number of species and abundance in the intestinal microbiota of children with HSP. Visceral sensitivity and intestinal propulsion rate of HSP group rats increased significantly, compared with the control group. ASIC3 mRNA and protein levels in the DRG of the spinal cord of rats in the HSP group were found to be upregulated.
Conclusions
The microbiota dysbiosis of HSP patients could stimulate ASIC3 expression in the DRG of the spinal cord, which in turn affected intestinal motility. These results suggested that regulation of the brain-gut axis may show potential for the development of therapies that can prevent or treat HSP children, especially patients with severe gastrointestinal manifestations.
Health-Related Quality of Life In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (ADDQoL) In Poland, The Czech Republic And Slovakia - Gender Differences
Authors: Krzemińska Sylwia Anna , Bąk Ewelina , Polanská Andrea , Hašová Kateřina , Laurinc Milan Laurinc , Dana Zrubcová
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of type 2 diabetes on quality of life (QoL), taking into account gender differences in relation to individual domains of Diabetes-Related Quality of Life Audit (ADDQoL) in adult women and men from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.Material and methodsThe participants were 608 patients from three countries, of whom 278 were women and 330 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The tool used in the study was the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL).ResultsThe overall average QoL was slightly higher in men than in women. In ADDQoL scores, mean weighted impact scores were negative for all of the domains. The domain which was the most affected by type 2 diabetes in both men and women from all three countries was the "freedom to eat"; while the "living conditions" domain was the least affected. Diabetes had a slightly negative average weighted impact on most men and women - AWI<-3.0.Except for the different AWI scores in men with type 2 diabetes depending on their education, neither women nor men revealed any significant changes in terms of the impact of education, residence, marital status, smoking, hypertension, or taking anti-hypertensive drugs. ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affects all the domains of life, in both women and men in all three countries; however, this impact is inconsiderable. The participants assess their quality of life as good and very good.
Evaluation of Genotoxic And Biochemical Stress Response To Mercuric Chloride In Erythrocytes of Freshwater Fish Channa Punctatus
Authors: Gill Harmanpreet Kaur , Paul Kapil , Dua Anish
Published: April 2021

Experiments were conducted to evaluate health of fish, Channa punctatus inhabiting mercuric chloride. Acute toxicity bioassays were performed to calculate 96h LC50 value and it was found to be 1.38mg/L. Chronic toxicity assay to investigate genotoxic effects on the erythrocytes of fish by comet assay and micronucleus assay along with alterations in blood biochemistry were evaluated. Results showed concentration and duration dependent significant DNA damage as observed by comet assay and micronucleus assay. The frequency of nuclear aberrations along with appearance of micronuclei were observed after 30 and 60 days of exposure. The blood biochemistry was studied by recording changes in levels of various biochemical parameters in blood serum and results showed the significant (p < 0.05) variations among levels of biochemical constituents such as Glucose, Lipids, Proteins, Bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine, Cholesterol, ALP, Albumin, SGOT, SGPT and Total Glycerides. The resultsindicated the stress response of specimen towards toxicant. The present study highly recommends the use of genotoxicity and blood biochemical analysis as the useful biomarker to assess toxicity in the aquatic water and hence to safeguards the surrounding ecosystem.
GWAS and WGCNA uncover hub genes controlling salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings
Authors: Ma Langlang , Zhang Minyan , Chen Jie , Qing Chunyan , He Shijiang , Zou Changying , Yuan Guangsheng , Yang Cong , Peng Hua , Pan Guangtang , Lübberstedt Thomas , Shen Yaou
Published: April 2021

Salt stress influences maize growth and development. To decode the genetic basis and hub genes controlling salt tolerance is a meaningful exploration for cultivating salt-tolerant maize varieties. Herein, we used an association panel consisting of 305 lines to identify the genetic loci responsible for Na+- and K+-related traits in maize seedlings. Under the salt stress, seven significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified using a genome-wide association study, and 120 genes were obtained by scanning the linkage disequilibrium regions of these loci. According to the transcriptome data of the above 120 genes under salinity treatment, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Combined the gene annotations, two SNaC/SKC (shoot Na+ content/shoot K+ content)-associated genes GRMZM2G075104 and GRMZM2G333183 were finally identified as the hub genes involved in salt tolerance. Subsequently, these two genes were verified to affect salt tolerance of maize seedlings by candidate gene association analysis. Haplotypes TTGTCCG-CT and CTT were determined as favorable/salt-tolerance haplotypes for GRMZM2G075104 and GRMZM2G333183, respectively. These findings provide novel insights into genetic architectures underlying maize salt tolerance and contribute to the cultivation of salt-tolerant varieties in maize.
Nexus Between Energy Policy and Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Renewable Energy Patents.
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Ghazanfar , Zhuquan Wang , Bashir Shahid , Iqbal Wasim , Ullah Hafeez
Published: April 2021

The socioeconomic and environmental considerations of energy production have become crucial due to the increasing complexity of the relationship between energy and the environment. In this context, this study aims to develop possible mechanisms for perspectives of energy policy on environmental by exploring the mediating role of renewable energy patents. The study used a non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and panel data model for 30 Chinese provinces by taking the panel data from 2010 to 2017. The results show that the overall environmental performance index (EPI) of Chinese areas is improved by 9.88% from 2010 to 2017. Further, The econometric model findings offer evidence that provincial renewable energy policies and emission reduction policies positively impact the enhancement of EPI. The results also show that the P values of the single-threshold model and the double-threshold model both passed the 1% significance test, so it can be concluded that there is a double-threshold effect. Finally, the research findings posed several policy implications based on the research findings.
Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO2 loaded on ACF modified by Zn(CH3COO)2
Authors: Bi Yuxi , Sun Encheng , Zhang Shuai , Du Feiran , Wei Haidi , Liu Fang , Zhao Chaocheng
Published: April 2021

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was modified by Zn(NO3)2, ZnCl2 and Zn(CH3COO)2), respectively, and then TiO2 was loaded on the modified ACFs. The adsorption and photocatalysis performance were explored through the removal of toluene, and TiO2/ACF-Ac modified by Zn(CH3COO)2) with the best toluene performance was selected. The characterization results indicated that TiO2 was mainly loaded on the surface with large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups in anatase phase. The photoelectric chemical experiment results demonstrated that the modified ACFs remarkably improved the charge transmission and the separation efficiency of electrons and holes, and enhanced the utilization rate of sunlight. The adsorption saturation time reached 40 hours and photodegradation rate was 70%. The direct desorption of generated small molecule substances such as H2O and CO2 from the surface of the composites can achieve the in-situ regeneration of the adsorbent. Overall, the bifunctional catalysts provide a prospective way for the treatment of VOCs.
Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Fusarium Solani Phytopathogenic Fungi in in Vitro and in Vivo Assays
Authors: Avila Pamela R. , Castillo Graciela Juez , Carvajal Carel E.
Published: April 2021

Fungal diseases are a current problem in agriculture causing significant losses in several crops whereby its prevention and treatment is of utmost importance. The Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogen Fusarium solani. The chitosan concentration in nanoparticles that showed antifungal activity was 2.0 µg/mL. ChNPs showed to be a potential antifungal candidate with applications in phytosanitary control. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed damage to the fungal cell wall and membrane caused by the nanoparticles interaction with these structures affecting fungal growth and development in in vitro as in in vivo assay where microscopy demonstrated the internalization of nanoparticles aggregates within plant root cells cytoplasm up to 45 days. Therefore ChNPs nanoparticles could be an alternative method for diseases caused by Fusarium solani instead of chemical fungicides commonly used for treating tomato root rot.
Global patterns and drivers of tidal marsh response to accelerating sea-level rise
Authors: Saintilan Neil , Kovalenko Katya , Guntenspergen Glenn , Rogers Kerrylee , Lynch James , Cahoon Donald , Lovelock Catherine , Friess Daniel , Ashe Erica , Krauss Ken , Cormier Nicole , Spencer Tom , Adams Janine , Raw Jacqueline , Ibanez Carles , Scarton Francesco , Temmerman Stijn , Meire Patrick , Maris Tom , Thorne Karen , Brazner John , Chmura Gail , Bowron Tony , Gamage Vishmie Palepitiya
Published: April 2021

The vulnerability of the world’s tidal marshes to sea-level rise threatens their substantial contribution to fisheries, coastal protection, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Feedbacks between relative sea-level rise (RSLR) and the rate of mineral and organic sediment accumulation in tidal wetlands, and hence elevation gain, have been proposed to ameliorate this risk. Here we report on changes in tidal marsh elevation and shoreline position in relation to our network of 387 fixed benchmarks in tidal marshes on four continents measured for an average of 10 years. During this period RSLR at these marshes reached on average 6.6 mm yr-1, compared to 0.34 mm yr-1 over the past millenia. While the rate of sediment accretion corresponded to RSLR, the loss of elevation to shallow subsidence increased in proportion to the accretion rate. This caused a deficit between elevation gain and RSLR which increased consistently with the rate of RSLR regardless of position within the tidal frame, suggesting that long-term in situ tidal marsh survival is unlikely. While higher tidal range (>3m) conferred a greater stability in measures of shoreline change and vegetation cover, other regions showed a tendency towards instability and retreat.
The Oncologic Efficacy and Long-term Survival Outcomes of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Gan Bin , Tao Yu , Wang Zhen Jun , Zhai Zhai Wei , Han Jia-Gang
Published: April 2021

Purpose To evaluate the pooled oncologic efficacy of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients using meta-analysis method.Method To evaluate the pooled effects of total neoadjuvant therapy in terms of exact oncologic efficacy and long-term survival outcomes, a systemic literature search of PubMed, Embase, China Biology Medicine and WanFang Database was performed.Results A total of 15 studies including 4091 patients were finally identified. The pooled analysis revealed that total neoadjuvant therapy significantly increased the rates of T-downstaging (OR=2.16, 95% CI:1.63~2.87, P<0.00001), pathologic complete response (OR=1.90, 95% CI:1.60~2.27, P<0.00001) and R0 resection (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.07~1.93, P=0.01) with a comparable safety profile. Most importantly, patients received total neoadjuvant therapy had a superior overall survival rate compared to standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.62~0.89, P=0.001).Conclusion Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer can be managed with total neoadjuvant therapy with a superior short-term oncologic efficacy and long-term survival benefits.
Evaluation of Patellar Dimension and Bristol Index in Asian Population: An MRI Study
Authors: Pontoh Ludwig Andre , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Rahyussalim Ahmad Jabir , Widodo Wahyu , Hutapea Ricky Edwin Pandapotan , Fiolin Jessica
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Restoration of patellar thickness is pivotal during a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aims to evaluate the patellar dimension and Bristol Index of patellar width to thickness (BIPWiT) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Asian population.Methods: 101 MRI scans of young adults with normal patellofemoral joint (PFJ) age 17-40 were evaluated from January 2019 to December 2020. Exclusion criteria included patella-femoral pathology and degenerative joint disease. Data of gender, body height and weight were obtained from physical examination, while patella height, width and thickness were obtained using MRI measurement. Descriptive analysis was used to get the mean and standard deviation of patella dimension, whereas correlation between patella thickness with patella width and length were analysed using Pearson correlation and BIPWiT ratio was obtained by dividing the patellar width and patellar thickness. Results: Mean patellar length was 30.06 ± 2.94 (29.48-30.64); patellar width was 44.13 ± 4.44 (43.26-45.01); and patellar thickness was 23.89 ± 2.33 (23.43-24.35). Patellar dimension in male were significantly larger compared to female (P < 0.001). However, there was no difference in cartilage thickness between male and female (P = 0.305). There was strong correlation between patellar width and patellar thickness (r = 0.66; P < 0.001) with BIPWiT ratio of 1.85 ± 0.15.Conclusion: BIPWiT of 1.8:1 between patellar width and patellar thickness was recommended as a guide for patellar thickness restoration during TKA. There is no difference of patellar dimension between Asian and Western population in a healthy knee.Level of Evidence: Level III
Anaplastic Carcinoma Of The Pancreas Appearing With Low Back Pain Due To Epidural Spinal Cord Compression: A Case Report
Authors: Songur Kadir , Koskaa Ilker Ozgur , Bayramova Narmin , Dilek Banu
Published: April 2021

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most important health conditions that can affect human with physical and psychosocial changes. Nonspecific LBP, defined as self-limiting and which exact cause cannot be determined, is common among older adults. Besides, lumbar disc herniation should be the first diagnosis that comes to mind in between 40–60 years-old patients with clinical findings of radiculopathy with LBP. However, in order not to miss important causes such as malignancy that can cause LBP, the patient's anamnesis should be deepened, and physical examination should be performed carefully. We reported the case of a 53-year-old woman with anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas (APC) where the initial symptom was LBP accompanied by radiculopathy and diagnosed by tru-cut biopsy from the sacral metastatic soft tissue mass, which was specified by the advanced imaging. APC is a rare cancer, and the survival time of the patients is quite short due to its rapid spread and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Based on this case, clinicians should evaluate the patient detailly, prefer further imaging when necessary, and discuss the case with musculoskeletal radiologists when there are diagnostic problems, which will reduce the possibility of overlooking the underlying serious causes of LBP.