bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of secondary organic aerosol formations on organic aerosol
hygroscopicity
Authors: Kuang Ye , Huang Shan , Xue Biao , Luo Biao , Song Qicong , Chen Wei , Hu Weiwei , Li Wei , Zhao Pusheng , Cai Mingfu , Peng Yuwen , Qi Jipeng , Li Tiange , Chen Duohong , Yue Dingli , Yuan Bin , Shao Min
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Water uptake abilities of organic aerosol under sub-saturated conditions play critical roles in direct aerosol radiative effects and atmospheric chemistry, however, field characterizations of organic aerosol hygroscopicity parameter κOA under sub-saturated conditions remain limited. In this study, a field campaign was conducted to characterize κOA at relative humidity of 80 % with hourly time resolution for the first time in the Pearl River Delta region of China. Observation results show that during this campaign secondary organic aerosol (SOA) dominated total organic aerosol mass (mass fraction >70 % on average), which provides us a unique opportunity to investigate influences of SOA formation on κOA. Results demonstrate that the commonly used organic aerosol oxidation level parameter O / C was weakly correlated with κOA and failed in describing the variations of κOA. However, the variations in κOA were well reproduced by mass fractions of organic aerosol factor resolved based on aerosol mass spectrometer measurements. The more oxygenated organic aerosol (MOOA) factor, exhibiting the highest average O / C (~1) among all organic aerosol factors, was the most important factor driving the increase of κOA and was commonly associated with regional air masses. The less oxygenated organic aerosol (LOOA, average O / C of 0.72) factor, revealed strong daytime production, exerting negative effects on κOA. Surprisingly, the aged biomass burning organic aerosol (aBBOA) factor also formed quickly during daytime and shared a similar diurnal pattern with LOOA, but had much lower O / C (0.39) and had positive effects on κOA. The correlation coefficient between κOA and mass fractions of aBBOA and MOOA in total organic aerosol mass reached above 0.8. The contrasting effects of LOOA and aBBOA formation on κOA demonstrates that volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors from diverse sources and different SOA formation processes may result in SOA with different chemical composition, functional properties as well as microphysical structure, consequently, exert distinct influences on κOA and render single oxidation level parameters (such as O / C) unable to capture those differences. Aside from that, distinct effects of aBBOA on κOA was observed during different episodes, suggesting that the hygroscopicity of SOA associated with similar sources might also differ much under different emission and atmospheric conditions. Overall, these results highlight that it is imperative to conduct more researches on κOA characterization under different meteorological and source conditions, and examine its relationship with VOC precursor profiles and formation pathways to formulate a better characterization and develop more appropriate parameterization approaches in chemical and climate models.
The geomagnetic data of the Clementinum observatory in Prague
since 1839
Authors: Hejda Pavel , Valach Fridrich , Revallo Miloš
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The historical magnetic observatory Clementinum operated in Prague from 1839 to 1926. The data from the yearbooks that recorded the observations at Clementinum have recently been digitized and were subsequently converted in this work into the physical units of the International System of Units (SI). Introducing a database of geomagnetic data from this historical source is a part of our paper. Some controversial data are also analysed here. In the original historical sources, we identified an error in using the physical units. It was probably introduced by the then observers with the determination of the temperature coefficient of the bifilar apparatus. By recalculating the values ​​in the records, some missing values ​​are added; for instance, the temperature coefficients for the bifilar magnetometer, the baselines, and the annual averages for the horizontal intensity in the first years of observations were re-determined. The values ​​of absolute measurements of the declination in 1852, which could not be found in the original sources, were also estimated. The main contribution of this article rests in critically reviewed information about the magnetic observations in Prague, which is as complete as no other so far. The work also contributes to the space weather topic by revealing a record of the now almost forgotten magnetic disturbance of 3 September 1839.
The Large-eddy Observatory Voitsumra Experiment 2019
(LOVE19) with high-resolution, spatially-distributed observations of
air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction from fiber-optic
distributed sensing, towers, and ground-based remote sensing
Authors: Lapo Karl , Freundorfer Anita , Fritz Antonia , Schneider Johann , Olesch Johannes , Babel Wolfgang , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The weak-wind Stable Boundary Layer (wwSBL) is poorly described by theory and breaks basic assumptions necessary for observations of turbulence. Understanding the wwSBL requires distributed observations capable of separating between submeso and turbulent scales. To this end, we present the Large Eddy Observatory, Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) which featured 1350 m of fiber optic distributed sensing (FODS) of air temperature and wind speed, as well as an experimental wind direction method, at scales as fine as 1 s and 0.127 m in addition to a suite of point observations of turbulence and ground-based remote sensing. Additionally, flights with a fiber optic cable attached to a tethered balloon provide an unprecedented detailed view of the boundary layer structure with a resolution of 0.254 m and 10 s between 1–200 m height. Two examples are provided demonstrating the unique capabilities of the LOVE19 data for examining boundary layer processes: 1) FODS observations between 1m and ~200 m height during a period of gravity waves propagating across the entire boundary layer and 2) tracking a near-surface, transient submeso structure that causes an intermittent burst of turbulence. All data can be accessed at Zenodo through the DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312976 (Lapo et al., 2020a).
ERA5-based database of Atmospheric Rivers over Himalayas
Authors: Nayak Munir Ahmad , Azam M. Farooq , Lyngwa Rosa Vellosa
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) – long and narrow transient corridors of large horizontal moisture flux in the lower troposphere – are known to shape the hydrology of many regions around the globe. Heavy precipitation and flooding are often observed over many mountainous regions when the moisture-rich filaments impinge upon the elevated topographies. Although ARs and their impacts over many mountainous regions are well documented, their existence over the Himalayas and importance to the Himalayan hydrology have received negligible attention in the scientific literature. The Himalayas support more than a billion population in the Indian subcontinent, sustain the region's biodiversity, and play important roles in regulating the global climate. In this study, we develop a comprehensive database of ARs over the Himalayas using the European Reanalysis fifth-generation (ERA5) fields of humidity and winds. The AR database consists of the dates and times of ARs from 1982 to 2018, their duration, major axes, and intensities and categories. We find that majority of intense ARs are associated with extreme precipitation widespread over the Ganga and Indus basins of the Himalayas, suggesting that ARs have profound impacts on the hydrology of the region. The AR database developed here is envisioned to help in exploring the impacts of ARs on the hydrology and ecology of the Himalayas. For this, we provide a few brief future perspectives on AR-Himalayas relationships. The data developed in this study has been uploaded to the Zenodo repository at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451901 (Nayak et al., 2021). The data is also included in the Supplemental Information for easier access.
Developing a phenology- and pixel-based algorithm for mapping
rapeseed at 10 m spatial resolution using multi-source data
Authors: Han Jichong , Zhang Zhao , Luo Yuchuan , Cao Juan , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jing , Li Ziyue
Published: February 2021

Abstract. As a major oilseed crop, large-scale and high-resolution maps of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are critical for predicting annual production and ensuring global energy security. However, such free maps are still unavailable in large areas. We designed a new pixel- and phenology-based algorithm and produced a new data product for rapeseed planting area (2017–2019) over 33 countries at 10-m spatial resolution based on the multiple data. The product showed a good consistence (R2 = 0.88) with the official statistics (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, FAO) at national level. Rapeseed maps achieved at least 0.81 F1-scores of spatial consistency when comparing with the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) of America, Annual Crop Inventory (ACI) in Canada and Crop Map of England (CROME) in England. Moreover, their F1-scores ranged 0.84–0.92 based on the independent validation samples, implying a good consistency with ground truth. Furthermore, we found that rapeseed crop rotation is ≥2 years in almost all countries. Our derived maps with high accuracy suggest the robustness of pixel- and phenology-based algorithm in identifying rapeseed over large regions with various climate and landscapes. The derived rapeseed planting areas freely downloaded can be applied to predict rapeseed production and optimize planting structure. The product is available publicly at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ydf3m7pd4j.3 (Han et al., 2021).
Delineation of Dew Formation Zones in Iran Using Long-Term Model
Simulations and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Atashi Nahid , Rahimi Dariush , Sinclair Victoria A. , Zaidan Martha A. , Rusanen Anton , Vuollekoski Henri , Kulmala Markku , Vesala Timo , Hussein Tareq
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Dew is a non-conventional source of water that has been gaining interest over the last two decades, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we performed a long-term (1979–2018) energy balance model simulation to estimate dew formation potential in Iran aiming to identify dew formation zones and to investigate the impacts of long-term variation in meteorological parameters on dew formation. The annual average of dew occurrence in Iran was ~ 102 days, with the lowest number of dewy days in summer (~ 7 days) and highest in winter (~ 45 days). The average daily dew yield was in the range of 0.03–0.14 L/m2 and the maximum was in the range of 0.29–0.52 L/m2. Six dew formation zones were identified based on cluster analysis of the timeseries of the simulated dew yield. The distribution of dew formation zones in Iran was closely aligned with topography and sources of moisture. Therefore, the coastal zones in the north and south of Iran (i.e., Caspian Sea and Oman Sea), showed the highest dew formation potential with 53 and 34 L/m2/year, whereas the dry interior regions (i.e., central Iran and the Lut Desert), with the average of 12–18 L/m2/year had the lowest potential for dew formation. Trend analysis results revealed a significance (p
Conformational features and ionization states of Lys side chains in a protein
revealed by the stereo-array isotope labeling (SAIL) method
Authors: Takeda Mitsuhiro , Miyanoiri Yohei , Terauchi Tsutomu , Kainosho Masatsune
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Although both the hydrophobic aliphatic chain and hydrophilic ζ-amino group of the Lys side chain presumably contribute to the structures and functions of proteins, the dual nature of the Lys residue has not been fully investigated by NMR spectroscopy, due to the lack of appropriate methods to acquire comprehensive information on its long consecutive methylene chain. We describe herein a robust strategy to address the current situation, using various isotope-aided NMR technologies. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated for the Δ+PHS/V66K variant of Staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), which contains as many as 21 Lys residues, including the engineered Lys-66 with an unusually low pKa of ~5.6. All of the NMR signals for the 21 Lys residues were sequentially and stereo-specifically assigned by using the stereo-array isotope labeled Lys (SAIL-Lys), [U-13C,15N; β2,γ2,δ2,ε3-D4]-Lys. The unambiguously assigned NMR signals for the β-, γ-, δ- and ε-methylene moieties afforded a variety of crucial structural information, which could not be obtained by other methods. For example, the 13Cε signals in the SNase variant, selectively labeled with [ε-13C; ε,ε-D2]-Lys, were ~0.3 ppm up-field shifted in D2O, as compared to those in H2O, except for Lys-66, which showed a ~0.2 ppm up-field shift in D2O. This result indicates that the deuterium-induced up-field shifts of the 13Cε signals depend on the ionization states of the ζ-amino group; i.e., ~ −0.3 ppm for Δδ13Cε [NζD3+-NζH3+] and ~ −0.2 ppm for Δδ13Cε [NζD2-NζH2]. Since the highly sensitive 1D-13C NMR spectrum of a protein selectively labeled with [ε-13C; ε,ε-D2]-Lys shows extremely narrow, well-dispersed 13C signals, the deuterium-induced isotope shifts will be a powerful alternative tool to characterize the ionization states of the Lys ζ-amino groups in larger proteins.
Characterization of nucleosome sediments for protein interaction
studies by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: le Paige Ulric B. , Xiang ShengQi , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Zhang Yi , Weingarth Markus , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Kutateladze Tatiana G. , Voets Ilja K. , Baldus Marc , van Ingen Hugo
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Regulation of DNA-templated processes such as gene transcription and DNA repair depend on the interaction of a wide range of proteins to the nucleosome, the fundamental building block of chromatin. Both solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy have become an attractive approach to study the dynamics and interactions of nucleosomes, despite their high molecular weight of ~200 kDa. For solid-state NMR (ssNMR) studies, dilute solutions of nucleosomes are converted to a dense phase by sedimentation or precipitation. Since nucleosomes are known to self-associate, these dense phases may induce extensive interactions between nucleosomes, which could interfere with protein binding studies. Here, we characterized the packing of nucleosomes in the dense phase created by sedimentation using NMR and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. We found that nucleosome sediments are gels with variable degrees of solidity, have nucleosome concentration close to that found in crystals, and are stable for weeks under high-speed magic angle spinning (MAS). Furthermore, SAXS data recorded on recovered sediments indicate that there is no pronounced long-range ordering of nucleosomes in the sediment. Finally, we show that the sedimentation approach can also be used to study low affinity protein interactions with the nucleosome. Together, our results give new insights into the sample characteristics of nucleosome sediments for ssNMR studies and illustrate the broad applicability of sedimentation-based NMR studies.
A new method for isomorphism identification of planetary gear trains
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Ronghe , Kong Jianyi , Li Anming
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Planetary gear trains (PGTs) are widely used in machinery such as vehicles, pulley blocks, wrist watches, machine tools, and robots. During the process of structural synthesis of PGTs using graph theory, isomorphism identification of graphs is an important and complicated problem. The reliability of the isomorphism detection method directly determines the accuracy of the synthesis result. In this paper, a novel isomorphism identification method for PGTs is proposed. First, a new weighted adjacent matrix is presented to describe the topological graph of PGTs, which has is unique in describing the structure of PGTs. Then, the weighted distance matrix is proposed and the sum of the matrix is obtained, which can determine whether the planetary gear trains is isomorphic or not. Eventually, the examples demonstrate that this new method can be accurately and effectively performed.
The Antarctic Coastal Current in the Bellingshausen Sea
Authors: Schubert Ryan , Thompson Andrew F. , Speer Kevin , Schulze Chretien Lena , Bebieva Yana
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The ice shelves of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet experience basal melting induced by underlying warm, salty Circumpolar Deep Water. Basal meltwater, along with run-off from ice sheets, supplies fresh buoyant water to a circulation feature near the coast, the Antarctic Coastal Current (AACC). The formation, structure and coherence of the AACC has been well documented along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Observations from instrumented seals collected in the Bellingshausen Sea offer extensive hydrographic coverage throughout the year, providing evidence of the continuation of the westward flowing AACC from the WAP towards the Amundsen Sea. The observations reported here demonstrate that the coastal boundary current enters the eastern Bellingshausen Sea from the WAP, flows westward along the face of multiple ice shelves, including the westernmost Abbot Ice Shelf. The presence of the AACC in the western Bellingshausen has implications for the export of water properties into the eastern Amundsen Sea, which we suggest may occur through multiple pathways either along the coast or along the continental shelf break. The temperature, salinity and density structure of the current indicates an increase in baroclinic transport as the AACC flows from the east to the west and as it entrains meltwater from the ice shelves in the Bellingshausen Sea. The AACC acts as a mechanism to transport meltwater out of the Bellingshausen Sea and into the Amundsen and Ross Seas, with the potential to impact basal melt rates and bottom water formation.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Hutan Etnis Kutai terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli
Authors: Zarta Abdul Rasyid
Published: February 2021

Indonesia memiliki hutan tropis yang kaya akan beraneka ragam tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional, mulai dari akar, batang, daun, sampai buah semuanya mempunyai nilai yang besar dan dapat digunakan sebagai obat untuk kesehatan serta berasal dari berbagai suku yang berada di Indonesia. Senyawa antimikroba didefinisikan sebagai senyawa biologis atau kimia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan aktivitas mikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas anti bakteri ekstrak etanol (C2H6O) dari tiga jenis tumbuhan Pulutan (Urena lobata L), Kadamba (M. speciosa) dan Buah Ketitir (Brucea javanica L. Merr). terhadap bakteri Streptococcuss mutans dan Escherichia coli. Metode pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar sumuran dengan modifikasi dengan menggunakan ekstrak etanol. Ekstrak etanol tumbuhan obat pulutan (Urena lobata L), kadamba (Mitragyna spesiosa), dan buah ketitir (Brucea javanica L. Merr) memberikan penghambatan lemah sampai dengan kuat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Streptococcuss mutans. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 200 (μg/well) memberikan penghambatan dengan klasifikasi kuat.
Pengaruh Subtitusi Tepung Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sensoris Bolu Kukus
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: February 2021

Ketersediaan tepung mocaf sebagai hasil fermentasi dari tepung singkong dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan subtitusi dalam pembuatan produk olahan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi tepung mocaf sebagai bahan pengganti tepung terigu dalam pembuatan bolu kukus terhadap tingkat kesukaan konsumen dan daya pengembangan bolu kukus yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian ini, mocaf digunakan dalam pembuatan bolu kukus dengan variasi perbandingan terhadap tepung terigu (%) sebagai berikut: 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, dan 40:60. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bolu kukus yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai uji sensoris yang tidak berbeda nyata pada semua tingkat perlakuan. Rata-rata panelis memberikan nilai “agak suka” terhadap rasa, aroma, tekstur dan warna bolu kukus yang dihasilkan. Rata-rata nilai daya pengembangan berkisar antara 110% sampai dengan 125%. Tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara nilai daya pengembangan bolu kukus yang terbuat dari tepung mocaf dengan bolu kukus berbahan tepung terigu 100%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa mocaf dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pengganti tepung terigu dalam pembuatan bolu kukus dengan kualitas produk akhir yang relatif sama dengan bolu kukus berbahan dasar tepung terigu.
Pembuatan Sirup Nanas dengan Metode Blanching dan Perendaman Garam
Authors: Agato
Published: February 2021

Nanas merupakan komoditi lokal yang berlimpah produksinya dan mudah rusak. Sirup nanas merupakan salah satu alternatif pengolahan paska panen. Rasa gatal disebabkan kandungan asam oksalat pada nanas. Mengurangi kandungan asam oksalat pada nanas mempengaruhi viskositas dan kejernihan sirup nanas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kandungan asam oksalat, meningkatkan viskositas dan kejernihan sirup nanas dengan metode blanching dan perendaman garam. Analisa yang dilakukan terhadap sirup nanas yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), viskositas, kadar asam oksalat, dan uji warna menggunakan lovibond. Hasil pengujian sirup nanas dengan metode perendaman garam menjelaskan penurunan kadar asam oksalat sebesar 28,3%, sedangkan metode blanching menurunkan 15,1%. Metode blanching dan perendaman garam juga dapat meningkatkan kejernihan atau kecerahan pada sirup nanas dengan nilai lightness/kecerahan (L*) blanching 36,02 dan perendaman garam 31,94 lebih tinggi dari sirup kontrol 30,14. Viskositas sirup dengan metode blanching yaitu 1,2 dpas, lebih kental 4 kali dari kontrol dan 6 kali lebih kental metode perendaman air garam.
Permudaan Alam Tanaman Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri T et B) Sistem Putaran Sebagai Alternatif Konservasi In Situ
Authors: Fadjeri Muhammad
Published: February 2021

“Putaran“ adalah sistem pembibitan kayu ulin dari permudaan alami yang dilakukan dengan menggali sedalam batas lebar kanopi tanaman memutar akar. Sistem putaran ini kelebihannya adalah permudaan alami dipilih menjadi bibit tanpa mengalami stres, karena dicabut dengan mikro-ekosistem tanah yang tidak banyak berubah. Regenerasi alami kayu ulin biasanya tumbuh bergerombol di bawah pohon induknya, Akibatnya terjadi persaingan antar anakan itu sendiri dalam hal memperebutkan ruang , cahaya dan mneral. Untuk mendukung pelestarian bibit anakan alami ulin ini perlu dipindah di areal lain yang masih kosong secara insitu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian selama 18 bulan, diketahui bahwa sistem putaran bibit kayu ulin yang dibiarkan ditempat selama sekitar 12 bulan baru dipindahkan ke tempat lain, memberikan persentase tumbuh 90%, sedangkan yang ditanam langsung di lapangan hanya 42,5%. Dengan demikian, sistem putaran dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif konservasi in-situ.
Fitoremediasi Logam Fe dalam Air Asam Tambang Menggunakan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes)
Authors: Azwari Fachruddin
Published: February 2021

Kegiatan pertambangan mengakibatkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan berupa pencemaran. Salah satu unsur penyebab yaitu air asam tambang (AAT) yang mengandung besi sulfur, seperti pirit (FeS2) dan pirotit (FeS) yang dapat mencemari air permukaan dan air tanah, mengganggu kesehatan masyarakat sekitar Fitoremediasi berupa penggunaan tanaman untuk menghilangkan, memindahkan, menstabilkan atau menghancurkan bahan pencemar baik itu senyawa organik maupun anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kandungan logam Fe dalam air asam tambang secara fitoremediasi dengan media eceng gondok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel air di setlling pond yang tidak aktif pada aliran kompartemen kedua di perusahaan batubara CV. Arjuna dan analisa sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda. Hasil fitoremediasi menggunakan eceng gondok yang dianalisa menggunakan AAS kandungan logam Fe sebelum fitoremediasi 0,382 mg/l dan sesudah fitoremediasi mengalami penurunan menjadi 0,379 mg/l sampai tidak terdeteksi.
Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Kedelai diantara Beberapa Varietas Jagung Hibrida dengan Jarak Tanam Berbeda
Authors: Lehar Laurensius
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai yang ditanam diantara beberapa varietas jagung hibrida dengan jarak tanaman berbeda. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Split Plot Desain (RPT), sebagai petak utama jarak tanam kedelai 30 cm x 15 cm dengan jumlah kedelai 5 baris (180 cm) dan jumlah kedelai 7 baris (240cm). Sedangkan sebagai anak petak yaitu verietas jagung hibrida yaitu Pioneer 35, Bima 19, JH 27, Bima 2 dan Nasa 29, yang ditanam dengan jarak tanam 60 cm x 12,5 cm. Sehingga terdapat 10 kombinasi perlakuan, kemudian diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian terhadap komponen pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu Tinggi tanaman kedelai menunjukkan bahwa kedelai ditanam diantara jagung hibrida varietas JH 27 (112,15 cm) dan Bima 2 (107,85 cm) tertinggi dibanding kedelai ditanam diantara varietas jagung yang lainnya. Variabel pengamatan terhadap komponen hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah polong per tanaman dan jumlah polong isi tertinggi pada perlakuan kedelai ditanam diantara varietas jagung hibrida JH 27 jarak tanam 7 baris masing-masing 46,64 polong dan 44,53 polong. Sedangkan jumlah biji per tanaman dan jumlah biji isi per tanaman tertinggi pada perlakuan kedelai ditanam diantara jagung hibrida varietas Bima 2 dan Nasa 29 dengan jarak tanam 7 baris masing-masing 73,33 biji, 71,14 biji dan 71,64 biji, 69,61 biji. Bobot 100 butir tertinggi pada perlakuan kedelai ditanam diantara jagung hibrida varietas Pioner 35 (14,70 g), Bima 2 (14,67 g) dan Nasa 29 (14,42 g). kedelai ditanam diantara varietas jagung hibrida Bima 2, JH 27 dan Nasa 29 nyata berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kedelai ditanam diantara jagung hibrida varietas Bima 19 dan Pioner 35.
Perbandingan Visualisasi Hasil Deteksi Area Terbangun Berdasarkan Metode Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) dan Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI)
Authors: Noraini Alifah , Yulianandha Mabrur2 Adkha
Published: February 2021

Salah satu factor akibat dari aktivitas manusia terhadap perubahan lingkungan adalah perubahan tutupan lahan, terutama area terbangun. Dibutuhkan metode yang cepat dan akurat untuk monitoring perubahan area terbangun agar sesuai dengan perencanaan yang terdapat dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW). Salah satu teknologi yang digunakan adalah teknologi penginderaan jauh. Data utama yang digunakan adalah citra satelit Landsat 8. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) dan algoritma Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). Analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis secara visualisasi.

Kata Kunci: Area bangunan, NDBI, MLC
Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Pupuk dari Limbah Kulit Ubi Kayu (Manihot utillissima) dengan Aktivator Tricholant
Authors: Yuanita
Published: February 2021

Waste or rubbish is the result of disposal from a production process both small and large scale. Because of the smell and its negative impact on health, it has become a big problem in society. One problem is cassava waste. With a lot of unused cassava waste, especially fried food selling areas around the city of Samarinda. A good solution is to make fertilizer from sewage. The purpose of this study was to observe the physical properties of fertilizers (color, odor, shape and temperature) and chemical properties or to analyze the nutrient content of fertilizer from cassava peel using a tricholant activator and chicken manure. Based on the physical properties of cassava peel fertilizer (Manihot utillissima) with a tricholant activator decompose on day 9, with a stable temperature of 27OC, the structure of black crumbs, odorless, and crumbs. The resulting fertilizer is ripe and ready to use. The resulting fertilizer is ripe and ready to use. The results of chemical fertilizer analysis in the first treatment (cassava waste with tricholant activator) had N content of 1.20% N, P 0.801%, K 0.302%, C / N ratio 17.35, BO 27.17% and pH 6.8 and fertilizer with the second treatment (mixing cassava waste with a mixture of tricholant activator and chicken manure) has nutrient content N 0.81%, P 0.134%, K 0.235%, C / N ratio 19.2, BO 30.75% and pH 7 in accordance with SNI 19-7030 -2004 fertilizer quality standards
Valuasi Jasa Ekosistem Hutan Tropis di Kalimantan Timur dengan Metode Benefit Transfer
Authors: Rahma Nuzula Elfa , Rositah Erna , Pramono Dwi Agung , Widyasasi Dyah , Fariyanti
Published: February 2021

Ekosistem hutan hujan tropis merupakan sumber kehidupan dan penghidupan bagi masyarakat Kalimantan Timur. Sayangnya keberadaan hutan di Kalimantan Timur sering hanya dilihat dalam perspektif ekonomi saja. Untuk itu perlu adanya studi untuk mengetahui nilai manfaat jasa ekosistem yang dimiliki oleh hutan tropis di Kalimantan Timur secara menyeluruh bukan hanya aspek ekonomi saja, tetapi juga aspek ekologis dan sosial. Dengan tujuan itulah, penelitian ini dilakukan. Metode valuasi yang digunakan adalah metode benefit transfer dengan memanfaatkan database valuasi jasa ekosistem TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity), serta data luasan hutan Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai total ekonomi (Total Economic Value/TEV) ekosistem hutan tropis di Kalimantan Timur adalah sebesar 90.806.238.765 USD/tahun. Nilai TEV tersebut mencakup nilai manfaat jasa pendukung sebesar 0,24%, jasa penyediaan sebesar 45,11%, jasa pengaturan sebesar 17,31%, dan jasa kultural sebesar 37,34%.
Pengaruh Metode Karbonisasi terhadap Profil Fisik dan Kimia Briket dari Limbah Baglog Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Naibaho Netty Maria
Published: February 2021

Energi merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia, sehingga perlu mencari energi yang dapat diperbaharui, salah satunya adalah energi dari limbah biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat kimia briket dari limbah biomassa baglog jamur tiram dengan perbedaan jenis karbonisasi cerobong dan karbonisasi sangrai. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAL) dengan satu faktor dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan karbonisasi sangrai (P2) pada parameter yaitu kadar air, kadar abu, dan volatile metter, masing-masing nilainya 13.59%, 33.10%, dan 45.54%. Nilai karbon terikat dan nilai kalor tertinggi ditunjukkan pada perlakuan karbonisasi cerobong dengan nilai 4280.72 kal/g cm2. Sedangkan, nilai karbon terikat dan nilai kalor terendah terdapat pada perlakuan karbonisasi sangrai dengan masing-masing nilai 25.77%, 3988.77 kal/g cm2. Metode karbonisasi cerobong menunjukan nilai kalor yang tinggi pada briket baglog jamur tiram yang dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber energi memenuhi SNI karbon aktif yaitu 5000 kal/g.
Rancang Bangun Tanggap Darurat Bencana Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)
Authors: Beze Husmul
Published: February 2021

Bencana alam masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia, khususnya Samarinda. Banjir dan kebakaran merupakan masalah utama di Kota Samarinda. Untuk mengantisipasinya perlu sebuah perencanaan penanggulangan untuk mengurangi resiko. Tanggap darurat adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan segera pada saat kejadian bencana untuk menangani dampak buruk yang ditimbulkan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu membuat prototype sistem informasi tanggap darurat bencana berbasis web tentang lokasi posko bencana dan memberikan informasi terkait logistik posko kepada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan aplikasi yaitu metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) yang dikembangkan oleh James A. O’Brien dan George M. Marakas.Hasil Penelitian ini diharapkan adanya web tanggap bencana yang memiliki fitur pencarian lokasi posko dan fitur lainnya. Berdasarkan uji coba aplikasi dengan dengan metode black box terhadap 31 responden, sekitar 50.8%  menyatakan fitur aplikasi yang kembangkan sudah memenuhi harapan dalam penanggulangan bencana.
Pemanfaatan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Sebagai Bahan Baku Fat Replacer Sorbitol-Oleat Poliester (SOPE)
Authors: Kurniawan Edy Wibowo (editor)
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan industri pangan sangat pesat sesuai dengan meningkatnya kesadaran manusia akan kesehatan asupan yang dikonsumsinya. Salah satu yang berkembang adalah fat replacer yang berperan sebagai senyawa alternatif pengganti lemak/minyak. Di sisi lain pemanfaatan limbah sampingan industri minyak sawit berupa palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) masih kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi proses sintesa fat replacer poliester (SOPE) dari PFAD dengan metode response surface method (RSM). Desain penelitian mengikuti rancangan Box-Behnken dengan 3 variasi perlakuan masing-masing 3 taraf, yaitu : variasi suhu (130°C, 140°C, 150°C), variasi waktu (5 jam, 7 jam, 9 jam), dan variasi perbandingan EMAL : gula alkohol (8:1, 10:1. 12:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum untuk proses pembuatan SOPE yaitu pada suhu 145,32°C, dengan waktu 6,93 jam, dan rasio EMAL : gula alkohol sebesar 11,99:1 akan memberikan hasil rendemen yang maksimum sebesar 80,08%.
Rancang Bangun Alat Titrasi Semi-Otomatis untuk Analisa Kadar Vitamin C
Authors: Ahmad Zamroni
Published: February 2021

Pengujian kadar vitamin C dalam bahan pangan adalah salah satu uji yang sering dilakukan dalam industri pangan. Diperlukan metode yang cepat, mudah, murah dan akurat untuk mengukur kadar vitamin C dalam bahan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang alat titrasi yang mudah dioperasikan dan dapat bekerja otomatis tanpa memerlukan skill yang tinggi untuk mengoperasikannya. Penelitian ini telah berhasil membuat alat titrasi semi-otomatis dengan menggunakan Arduino Uno sebagai controller utamanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat titrator semi-otomatis memiliki presisi yang cukup baik dimana koevisien variasi (KV) pembacaan alat berkisar antara 2,6 hingga 5,8%, nilai ini hampir sebanding dengan metode titrasi manual yang memiliki KV berkisar antara 1,4 hingga 4,8%.  Meskipun memiliki presisi yang cukup baik, namun hasil akhir perhitungan kadar vitamin C masih berbeda jauh dibandingkan dengan perhitungan metode titrasi manual dengan selisih perhitungan mencapai lebih dari 60%. Selisih nilai yang besar ini mungkin terjadi karena adanya interaksi antara iodin dengan dinding selang pompa yang menyebabkan iodin menempel di dinding selang pompa. Hal ini mengakibaktkan konsentrasi iodin yang dikeluarkan titrator menjadi lebih rendah sehingga dibutuhkan lebih banyak titran untuk mencapai titik akhir reaksi.
Assessing the direct influencers of brand loyalty: An investigation of chemical industry in the developing country of Indonesia
Authors: Samudro Andreas , Susanti Vonny
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to analyze the most relevant direct-antecedents of brand loyalty in the chemical emulsion industry. The purpose of the study is to find the crucial antecedents for chemical buyers; therefore, the paper contributes to business practitioners in managing customer loyalty, particularly in the chemical emulsion industry. Some hypotheses are exercised to get the finding, and this research employs the SEM-Lisrel 8.70 software program to process a total of 140 samples from the field. The respondent's industries are varied, such as coating, paper, textile, wood panel, putty, printing, and furniture. The main finding is the buyer's concern with products, services, and satisfaction; rational quality aspects become a brand identity. Images and activities associated with the brand do not affect loyalty.
The factors affecting inter-organizational relationship success in Vietnam tourism sector
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Minh , Khuong Mai Ngoc , Phuong Nguyen Ngoc Duy
Published: February 2021

This study analyzed the factors influencing the effectiveness of inter-organizational relationship (IOR) through relationship marketing of travel companies with their partners based on data collection with 256 responses who were working for travel companies in Vietnam. The study used a quantitative approach as factor analysis, multiple regressions and path analysis. The results indicated that inter-organizational relationship effectiveness was directly and indirectly affected by coordination, trust, frequency of interaction, commitment, communication, organizational compatibility, and relationship marketing. Surprisingly, formalization did not significantly affect the effectiveness of IOR and relationship marketing. This study is an essential reference for managers to make decisions and to enhance the effectiveness of their collaborative partnerships.
The effect of creative thinking in improving decision making
Authors: Hariri Ahmad , Muslim Supari , Ekohariadi Ekohariadi , Yundra Eppy
Published: February 2021

Vocational education is no longer just an education that prepares its graduates to work or become mediocre workers. Creative thinking skills are the basis of science that is very important for students. This research uses a quantitative approach and the population of this study included 106 Cadets of The School of Aviators in Indonesia. Sampling techniques taken were saturated sampling techniques and the samples were taken as many as 106 cadets. Data analysis techniques used were Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS help (Analysis of Moment Structures) program. The results of this study show that critical thinking has a significant effect on decision making.
Decolonização, Sul global e colonialidade do poder
Authors: De Chiara Marina , Baggio Adriana Tulio
Published: February 2021

Este texto é a versão em português de "Decolonizzazione, Sud del mondo e colonialità del potere", de Marina De Chiara, capítulo do livro Sud immaginari. Colonialità del potere, chicane ribelli, interferenze blues, publicado na Itália em 2019 e organizado pela mesma autora. O artigo apresenta os principais conceitos advindos de perspectivas críticas sobre a modernidade como produto da empresa colonial e o sistema dela resultante, chamado por Aníbal Quijano de colonialidade do poder, ainda em operação. Tais reflexões são consideradas úteis para se pensar a oposição epistemológica entre norte e sul do mundo, fratura que atua inclusive no corpo das nações, promovendo uma forma de colonialismo interno. Nesse sentido, De Chiara faz referência às questões italianas, especialmente em relação à marcada divisão entre o mezzogiorno (o sul) e o norte do país desde a Unificação (1861), às migrações internas do sul ao norte no século XX e, mais recentemente, à migração do continente africano à Itália, que tem no sul italiano o seu ponto de chegada. Dessa forma, De Chiara mostra a produtividade de um pensamento subalterno - oriundo especialmente de grupos de estudos asiáticos e latino-americanos - para se pensar questões do Norte global.
Sobre a colonialidade da linguagem
Authors: Veronelli Gabriela Alejandra , Daitch Silvana Leticia
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta um novo marco teórico para analisar relações linguísticas de poder e examina os efeitos linguísticos do que Aníbal Quijano chamou de a colonialidade do poder. A colonialidade da linguagem refere-se a um processo de racialização de populações colonizadas como agentes comunicativos (ou seja, possíveis interlocutores), que começa com a Conquista da América e que continua até hoje. A pesquisa foi focada na desumanização das populações colonizadas e escravizadas, e o concomitante desprezo das suas linguagens e maneiras sociais de dar sentido, interpretadas como expressões de “natureza” inferior. Os resultados são uma contribuição original ao debate sobre a relação histórica entre colonialismo, raça, etnicidade e linguagem na América. O argumento levantado sugere que há conexão entre a redução das populações colonizadas e racializadas a um status de seres não-humanos, e uma ideologia linguística analisada como monolinguajar, que esconde a opressão colonial dialógica e discursivamente.
Do universal ao pluriversal: questões e desafios do paradigma decolonial
Authors: Bourguignon Rougier Claude , Colin Philippe , Veronese Passarin Dalvino
Published: February 2021

O texto a seguir é uma tradução de « De l'universel au pluriversel. Enjeux et défis du paradigme décolonial », artigo de Claude Bourguignon Rougier e Philippe Colin, publicado na revista Raison présente (nº 199) em 2016. Citando autores como Enrique Dussel, Aníbal Quijano, Edgardo Lander, Walter Mignolo, Santiago Castro-Gómez, Arturo Escobar, Nelson Maldonado Torres, Ramón Grosfoguel e Catherine Walsh, cujas contribuições teóricas têm grande importância, Claude Bourguignon Rougier e Philippe Colin trazem questões e desafios do paradigma decolonial, que se debruça sobre a “geopolítica do poder, do saber e do ser” resultante do processo colonizatório europeu sobre partes do globo. Ressaltam a centralidade epistêmica da colonialidade e sua íntima relação com a modernidade construída sobre uma narrativa eurocêntrica; Rougier e Colin propõem, assim, uma pauta não mais baseada na elaboração de conhecimento a partir de um viés eurocentrista, mas pluriversal, conferindo a devida importância às histórias locais e possibilitando, com isso, reavaliar o lugar de enunciação convencionado pela modernidade. A tradução deste artigo ao português brasileiro visa a tornar acessível a leitura àqueles que demonstrem interesse na abordagem proposta pelos autores, possibilitando, com isso, a diversidade de pontos de vista e o consequente enriquecimento do debate acerca do giro decolonial.
Bem viver, decolonialidade e bioética: discussões, contribuições e articulações
Authors: Salamanca López Leonardo , Peña Peña Martha Lucía
Published: February 2021

A presente reflexão pretende mostrar como o projeto de decolonialidade, a proposta do Bem Viver e a Bioética contribuem de maneira significativa para a resolução de problemas atuais advindos do projeto da Modernidade, como por exemplo, as relações de poder, a pobreza, a deterioração ambiental, o consumo, o sentido de comunidade, a luta pela sobrevivência e outros aspectos de igual ou maior relevância. Os problemas mencionados podem ser articulados e projetados de maneira dialógica e complementar desde as perspectivas e contribuições dessas três áreas. O artigo está dividido em três seções. Em primeiro lugar, apresenta-se uma descrição de algumas críticas ao modelo modernidade/colonialidade. Logo, menciona-se o significado e as possibilidades que oferece o Bem Viver. Por último, se estabelecem alguns pontos de encontro entre as perspectivas do projeto decolonial, o “Bem Viver” e a Bioética.
A complexa relação entre modernidade e capitalismo: uma visão descolonial
Authors: Grosfoguel Ramón , Onesko Gabriel Camargo
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio trata da relação histórica entre modernidade e capitalismo, assim como das possibilidades para um horizonte de transformação que supere as tradicionais concepções binárias de ver e estar no mundo. Ao contrário do que expõe a esquerda ocidentalizada, propõe-se aqui uma visão crítica decolonial dessa relação. A partir da presente intervenção teórica, discutem-se as consequências políticas de ver a modernidade como um projeto civilizatório ou entendê-la como uma possiblidade entre outras. Por meio dele, portanto, pretendemos estudar de que modo e sob quais categorias conceituamos a relação entre modernidade e capitalismo, um assunto chave para o debate político contemporâneo. Pretendemos pensar em um projeto “transmoderno” que reconheça o colonialismo em sua dimensão subjetiva como requisito para um verdadeiro projeto de descolonização.
“Outros” saberes, “outras” críticas: reflexões sobre as políticas e as práticas de filosofia e decolonialidade na “outra” América
Authors: Walsh Catherine , Fogiato Rodrigues Juliana
Published: February 2021

Desde o século XV até os dias atuais, o projeto da modernidade/colonialidade – projeto que, junto com terras e corpos, busca também colonizar mentes – e a geopolítica do conhecimento têm privilegiado um modo de pensar eurocêntricos. Com isso, muitos “outros” saberes foram e são invisibilizados e subalternizados. Isso não significa, porém, que esses saberes deixam de existir; ao contrário, eles existem há muito tempo e algumas de suas expressões podem ser encontradas, por exemplo, no projeto Amawtay Wasi, no Equador, ou ainda na busca empreendida pela comunidade afrodescendente da região andina por uma etnoeducação. Dessa forma, e lançando mão do paradigma dos estudos decoloniais, este artigo traz uma reflexão crítica sobre o projeto epistêmico da modernidade/colonialidade e a ordenação geopolítica do pensamento crítico assim como sobre o lugar de fala e prática da própria autora.
Ao feminismo decolonial na América Latina
Authors: Montanaro Mena Ana Marcela , Wosniak Heloisa
Published: February 2021

O feminismo hegemônico ocidental e eurocentrista não conseguiu reconhecer que sua prática reproduzia os mesmos problemas que criticava. Enquanto colocava em dúvida o universalismo androcêntrico, produziu categorias que foram aplicadas com uma pretensão de universalidade. A meados dos anos 70 do século XX começa-se a questionar essa pretensão a partir de um feminismo elaborado pelos feminismos pós-coloniais que apontam a denunciar o caráter eurocêntrico do feminismo hegemônico e da forma em que este reproduz a colonialidade. O feminismo decolonial na América Latina pretende subverter os conceitos do feminismo hegemônico incorporando as vozes de mulheres subalternas, constituindo a decolonização do feminismo uma proposta teórica e de compromisso ético que aponta a construção de novas formas de relação política e acadêmica a partir da heterogeneidade.
detection of antibody to Bacillus anthracis recombinant PA in vaccinated animal serum
Authors: Navaan Javkhlan , Zorigt Tuvshinzaya , Baasansuren Lkham , Ayushjav Narantuya , Jargalsaikhan Enkhtuya
Published: February 2021

Anthrax is a worldwide zoonosis in animals and human. In Mongolia, the confirmed case of anthrax outbreak is reported every year over the past  decade. The prevention and control measure of animal anthrax is vaccination using spore of attenuated Sterne strain, but horse does not get vaccinated in Mongolia. In this study, we constructed the recombinant plasmid for over expression of anthrax protective antigen (PA)/GST fusion protein in pGEX-6P-1 vector and purified the recombinant PA (r-PA) using glutathione Sepharose column under native and denaturing conditions. Since both forms of r-PA were recognized by specific antibody against PA, ELISA system to detect antibody titer in vaccinated bovine serum was constructed. Total of 890 vaccinated cattle serum were collected from 178 cattle at 0, 3, 5, 8 and 12 months’ post vaccination. As negative control, 200 cattle serum from Umnugovi aimag were selected which does not have anthrax foci. All serum was tested by rPA indirect ELISA and, antibody to PA were detected in vaccinated cattle serum but were not detected in negative serum. Therefore, rPA should be used in as monitoring of the anthrax vaccination.