bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Simulations of Lee Waves and Downslope Winds over the Sierra Nevada during T-REX IOP 6
Authors: Sheridan Peter , Vosper Simon
Published: April 2012

The downslope windstorm during intensive observation period (IOP) 6 was the most severe that was detected during the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in Owens Valley in the Sierra Nevada of California. Cross sections of vertical motion in the form of a composite constructed from aircraft data spanning the depth of the troposphere are used to link the winds experienced at the surface to the changing structure of the mountain-wave field aloft. Detailed analysis of other observations allows the role played by a passing occluded front, associated with the rapid intensification (and subsequent cessation) of the windstorm, to be studied. High-resolution, nested modeling using the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) is used to study qualitative aspects of the flow and the influence of the front, and this modeling suggests that accurate forecasting of the timing and position of both the front and strong mountaintop winds is crucial to capture the wave dynamics and accompanying windstorm. Meanwhile, far ahead of the front, simulated downslope winds are shallow and foehnlike, driven by the thermal contrast between the upstream and valley air mass. The study also highlights the difficulties of capturing the detailed interaction of weather systems with large and complex orography in numerical weather prediction.
A Parametric Radiative Forcing Model for Contrail Cirrus
Authors: Schumann U. , Mayer B. , Graf K. , Mannstein H.
Published: April 2012

A new parameterized analytical model is presented to compute the instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) produced by an additional thin contrail cirrus layer (called “contrail” below). The model calculates the RF using as input the outgoing longwave radiation and reflected solar radiation values at TOA for a contrail-free atmosphere, so that the model is applicable for both cloud-free and cloudy ambient atmospheres. Additional input includes the contrail temperature, contrail optical depth (at 550 nm), effective particle radius, particle habit, solar zenith angle, and the optical depth of cirrus above the contrail layer. The model parameters (5 for longwave and 10 for shortwave) are determined from least squares fits to calculations from the “libRadtran” radiative transfer model over a wide range of atmospheric and surface conditions. The correlation coefficient between model and calculations is larger than 98%. The analytical model is compared with published results, including a 1-yr simulation of global RF, and is found to agree well with previous studies. The fast analytical model is part of a larger modeling system to simulate contrail life cycles (“CoCiP”) and can allow for the rapid simulation of contrail cirrus RF over a wide range of meteorological conditions and for a given size-dependent habit mixture. Ambient clouds are shown to have large local impact on the net RF of contrails. Net RF of contrails may both increase and decrease and even change sign in the presence of higher-level cirrus, depending on solar zenith angle.
The Importance of the Nontraditional Coriolis Terms in Large-Scale Motions in the Tropics Forced by Prescribed Cumulus Heating
Authors: Hayashi Michiya , Itoh Hisanori
Published: April 2012

In meteorological dynamics, the shallow-atmosphere approximation is generally used in the momentum equation, together with the “traditional approximation.” In the traditional approximation, two cosine Coriolis terms [hereafter called nontraditional Coriolis terms (NCTs)] and some metric terms are omitted. However, some studies have suggested that the omission of the NCTs may not be appropriate for conditions near the equator. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of the NCTs on large-scale motions forced by local positive-only heating mimicking cumulus convection.

The authors use the linearized quasihydrostatic equation system on an equatorial β plane. Prescribed heating is assumed to move eastward with the slow phase speed of an intraseasonal period. Results of scale analysis and numerical calculations show that differences with and without the NCTs (hereafter, contributions) exhibit the following four features. (i) Whereas contributions to horizontal divergence and vertical velocity are small, the NCTs have large effects on horizontal velocity (vertical vorticity) and perturbations of pressure, potential temperature, and density. (ii) Contributions to horizontal velocity and pressure perturbation have equivalent barotropic structure. (iii) Contributions show east–west asymmetric patterns, with large contributions appearing at the western side of the forcing. (iv) Contributions to vertical vorticity and pressure perturbation are extremely large when the meridional gradient of heating is large. These features can be comprehensively explained by the tilting of the meridional component of the planetary vorticity, which is caused by the meridional gradient of heating.
Climatic Role of North American Low-Level Jets on U.S. Regional Tornado Activity
Authors: Weaver Scott J. , Baxter Stephen , Kumar Arun
Published: April 2012

Variability of springtime tornadic activity over the United States is assessed through the connectivity of preferred modes of North American low-level jet (NALLJ) variability to the local thermodynamic environment and remote SST variations. The link between regional tornado activity and NALLJ variability as diagnosed from a consistent reanalysis system (i.e., NCEP–NCAR) serves as dynamical corroboration in light of the inhomogeneous tornado database. The analysis reveals a multidecadal variation in the strength of the NALLJ–tornado connection, highlighted by tornado activity in the southern Great Plains region nearly doubling its correlation with NALLJ principal component 1 (PC 1) in recent decades. Locally, this is a result of a southward shift of NALLJ variability modes during the recent period. Motivated by these epochal shifts in NALLJ activity, a comparison of the early (1950–78) and late (1979–2010) tornado and NALLJ SST linkages indicates an Atlantic decadal SST variability influence during the early epoch, with Pacific decadal variability thereafter, highlighting the remote SST influence on the shifts in geographic placement and strength of NALLJ variability. The remote SST variability linkages further reveal that the observed global-scale SST trend pattern over the last 61 years may be contributing to a shift toward weaker tornadoes during spring in the northern Great Plains region. Tornado activity over the southeast region of the United States shows no such relationship to the SST trend pattern during spring, an immunity that is unexpected if spurious trends in the tornado database were influencing the SST linkage.
Standing Eddies in the Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Viebahn Jan , Eden Carsten
Published: April 2012

The role of standing eddies for the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is discussed. The time-mean isopycnal meridional streamfunction is decomposed into a time- and zonal-mean part, a standing-eddy part, and a transient-eddy part. It turns out that the construction of an isopycnal MOC with an exactly vanishing standing-eddy part has to be performed by zonal integration along depth-dependent horizontal isolines of time-mean density. In contrast, zonal integration along time-mean geostrophic streamlines generally only leads to an isopycnal MOC with a reduced standing-eddy part. A generalized approach of constructing meridional transport streamfunctions by two tracer fields and the generalized way to neutralize the corresponding standing-eddy part is given to summarize the discussion.

Using the results of an idealized Southern Ocean model, it is demonstrated that neglecting the depth dependence of the zonal integration paths by integrating along density contours or geostrophic streamlines of a fixed depth (“contour depth”) may represent an acceptable approximation: although the standing-eddy part then exactly vanishes only at the contour depth (except for the ageostrophic surface layer using geostrophic streamlines), the overall standing-eddy part is significantly reduced for adequate contour depths. In the idealized Southern Ocean model, density contours at middepth and surface geostrophic streamlines represent the most adequate approximations. Moreover, it is found that the effect of changing the zonal integration paths from latitude circles to curvilinear paths on the zonally averaged density is of the same order as changing from Eulerian to isopycnal averaging.
The History (and Philosophy) of Religions
Authors: Rennie Bryan
Published: April 2012

In a paper given at a Roundtable at the American Academy of Religion (AAR) National Annual Conference in Montreal in November of 2009, jointly organized by the North American Association for the Study of Religion and the Critical Theory and Discourses in Religion Group of the AAR, I argued for the ineluctably philosophical nature of what is most commonly called ‘method and theory in the study of religion.’ That paper ( Rennie, 2010 ) also argues that what is conventionally referred to as ‘philosophy of religion’ does not, strictly speaking, warrant that name since it is in fact a form of theology that utilizes philosophical methodologies to consider principally, if not exclusively, Christian concerns. I also argued that a philosophy of religion(s) constituted along the lines of the philosophy of science would be a potential improvement in both ‘philosophy of religion’ and ‘method and theory in the study of religion.’ In this paper I would like to consider—with the help of a closer look at contemporary philosophy of science—precisely what a reconstituted history (and philosophy) of religions might look like, how it might differ from current scholarship, and what it might achieve.

Dans une communication donnée lors d’une table ronde à l’American Academy of Religion (AAR) National Annual Conference à Montréal en novembre 2009, organisée conjointement par le North American Association for the Study of Religion et le groupe de Critical Theory and Discourses in Religion de l’AAR, j’avais argué la nature inéluctablement philosophique de ce qui est couramment appelé « Method and Theory in the Study of Religion ». Cet article ( Rennie, 2010 ) soutient également la thèse que ce qu’on appelle couramment « Philosophie de la religion » ne correspond pas stricto sensu à ce qu’une telle dénomination recouvre puisqu’il s’agit en fait d’une forme de théologie recourant à des méthodes philosophiques pour envisager des préoccupations principalement, sinon exclusivement, chrétiennes. Je soutiens aussi qu’une philosophie des religions constituée à partir des lignes de force de la philosophie des sciences pourrait apporter une amélioration potentielle de la philosophie de la religion, de la méthode et de la théorie dans l’étude des religions. Dans cet article, j’aimerais examiner précisément —par le biais des apports de la philosophie des sciences contemporaine— ce à quoi l’histoire (et la philosophie) des religions pourrait ressembler, les termes dans lesquels elle se distinguerait des approches actuelles et ce à quoi nous pourrions ainsi aspirer.
New Directions for Philosophy of Religion: Four Proposals
Authors: Schilbrack Kevin
Published: April 2012

This set of papers explores the topic of “Possible Futures for Philosophy of Religion.” Though the field of philosophy of religion today has grown relatively narrow, these four papers seek to stretch it back out and all four are (as befitting our topic) forward-looking. Although the papers cover several different issues, I am going to shoehorn them into that pre-conceived category—the future of philosophy of religion—and then focus on the parts of the papers central to that category and ignore the other parts that don’t fit that template. This will not do justice to the complexity of the reality I am describing, but this procrustean practice is not unusual in philosophy of religion.

Cette palette d’articles explore la thématique des ‘futurs possibles pour la philosophie des religions’. Bien que le champ de la philosophie des religions se soit aujourd’hui relativement rétréci, ces quatre articles tentent de l’élargir à nouveau et tous les quatre sont (au bénéfice de la thématique) tournés vers son devenir. Bien qu’ils couvrent des aspects différents de cette thématique, je vais les faire entrer dans cette catégorie préconçue —le futur de la philosophie des religions— et me focaliserai sur les parties des textes qui sont essentielles à cette catégorie pour en ignorer celles qui n’entrent pas dans ce cadre précis. Une telle approche ne saurait rendre compte de la complexité de la réalité que je décris, mais cette pratique de Procuste n’est point inhabituelle en philosophie des religions.
Why Parents Value a Brief Required Primary Care Intervention That Teaches Discipline Strategies
Authors: Scholer Seth J. , Hudnut-Beumler Julia , Dietrich Mary S.
Published: April 2012

English- or Spanish-speaking caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children were instructed to view a 5- to 10-minute educational intervention in a pediatric clinic as part of the well child visit. Almost all (128/129) parents reported that the program was a valuable component of the well child visit, and of these, all 128 (100%) gave at least one reason. Most parents valued the program at a personal level, reporting that the program was educational (76.6%), reinforced their parenting (8.6%), or facilitated a discussion with their physician (2.3%). A total of 16% valued the program because it might benefit other parents. A brief routine primary care intervention that teaches discipline strategies is valued by English- and Spanish-speaking parents of young children. These findings have implications for how to routinely teach parents about discipline in primary care and the primary prevention of violence.
Changing Spectrum of Diabetes Mellitus in Children
Authors: Cakan Nedim , Kizilbash Sarah , Kamat Deepak
Published: April 2012

Objective. To determine the frequency of initial misclassification of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and to compare the presenting features of DM1, DM2, and the misclassified cases. Results. A total of 206 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of them, 74.75% had DM1 and 25.25% had DM2. Ten percent of studied patients had a subsequent change in classification. The mean HbA1c of the DM2 patients, who were initially misclassified, was 13.35% (SD = 1.96). The mean HbA1c of DM2 patients with correct initial classification was 8.83% (SD = 3.01). Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) was seen in 59.44% of DM1 and 23.91% of DM2 patients. Of the DM2 patients who were initially misclassified, 58.82% had presented in DKA as opposed to only 6.45% of patients who were correctly classified. Conclusion. The initial classification of DM frequently requires revision (10% in this study). The misclassification is highest among DM2 patients who initially present with higher HbA1c and DKA.
Co-Creating the Society of Counseling Psychology With Early Career Psychologists
Authors: Oh Katharine Hahn
Published: April 2012

This reaction article values the Major Contribution as an opportunity to hear the voices of ECPs who do not feel included in the Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP) and to engage in dialogue about the SCP as an organization. This response employs Gestalt theories of field and dialogue to understand how all members and affiliates of the SCP co-create the field. The particular challenges for ECPs in practice are addressed, and four levels of relating are described as ways to engage in dialogue through transaction, behavior, assumptions, and identity. Reflections are offered about the experiences and assumptions of early career psychologists, SCP leaders, and the ECP Committee. The article recommends specific approaches for ECPs to become more involved in the Society and serves as a call for broader dialogue about the SCP as a field.
Sensitivity of Physiological Measures for Detecting Systematic Variations in Cognitive Demand From a Working Memory Task
Authors: Mehler Bruce , Reimer Bryan , Coughlin Joseph F.
Published: April 2012

Objective: To assess the sensitivity of two physiological measures for discriminating between levels of cognitive demand under driving conditions across different age groups.

Background: Previous driving research presents a mixed picture concerning the sensitivity of physiological measures for differentiating tasks with presumed differences in mental workload.

Method: A total of 108 relatively healthy drivers balanced by gender and across three age groups (20–29, 40–49, 60–69) engaged in three difficulty levels of an auditory presentation–verbal response working memory task.

Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level (SCL) both increased in a statistically significant fashion with each incremental increase in cognitive demand, whereas driving performance measures did not provide incremental discrimination. SCL was lower in the 40s and 60s age groups; however, the pattern of incremental increase with higher demand was consistent for heart rate and SCL across all age groups. Although each measure was quite sensitive at the group level, considering both SCL and heart rate improved detection of periods of heightened cognitive demand at the individual level.

Conclusion: The data provide clear evidence that two basic physiological measures can be utilized under field conditions to differentiate multiple levels of objectively defined changes in cognitive demand. Methodological considerations, including task engagement, may account for some of the inconsistencies in previous research.

Application: These findings increase the confidence with which these measures may be applied to assess relative differences in mental workload when developing and optimizing human machine interface (HMI) designs and in exploring their potential role in advanced workload detection and augmented cognition systems.
Assessing Reorientation of India’s Foreign Policy in a Globalized World
Authors: Mansingh Surjit
Published: April 2012

The accelerated pace of globalization in its many facets has benefited some and disadvantaged others. India’s foreign policy adjusted well to changes in the external environment by establishing cordial and increasingly substantive relations with the economic dynamos of East Asia, including China, as well as the wealthy countries of the West, especially the United States. Full realization of national objectives is impeded, however, by serious socio-economic problems at home, inadequate staffing or coordination of national security institutions, and the continuing burden of Pakistan’s enmity. India’s contributions to global management in the years ahead are expected to rise with its capabilities and be welcomed by most other countries as well.
Mapping Indian Foreign Economic Policy
Authors: Chimni B.S.
Published: April 2012

The article maps and assesses Indian foreign economic policy (FEP). It opens with a critical discussion of different phases of Indian FEP in the period after Independence. It is seen that with the inauguration of neo-liberal reforms in 1991 Indian FEP moved away from the Nehruvian framework that had as its goal an independent and self-reliant path of development. India is today lending uncritical support to a liberal international economic order in the belief that it will help sustain high growth rates. While this move enhances opportunities for India through greater integration with the global economy, it has also meant a loss of critical policy space with an adverse impact on the ability of the state to pursue the goal of ‘development as freedom’. This conclusion is sustained through a preliminary assessment of the record of Indian FEP in select areas, viz., financial, trade, investment and energy policies. In the circumstances it is regrettable that in the wake of the global economic crisis India made no attempt to articulate an alternative vision of the international economic order. It instead accepted to be co-opted by the developed world in exchange for membership in G-20 and other limited concessions that have been used to legitimize an unjust international economic system. The article concludes with a few recommendations that can be accommodated within the framework of India’s current FEP. These can yet enhance the possibility of realizing the vision of justice embodied in the Constitution of India.
A Case for India’s ‘Leadership’ in United Nations Peacekeeping
Authors: Krishnasamy Kabilan
Published: April 2012

As one of the traditional peacekeepers with vast field experiences, India should rise to new levels of peacekeeping—not just participating by way of deploying Indian troops as part of a UN force to keep peace in various parts of the world, but also by strategically utilizing its field experiences to shape new thinking about peacekeeping. Is there a case for India to take on such a role? What explains India’s proactive commitment to UN peacekeeping? What is India’s reputation in UN peacekeeping? Are there challenges to the leadership potential of India in UN peacekeeping? This article aims to answer some of these questions. To this end, it is argued that although India, based on its peacekeeping strengths, experiences and reputation, has more than a credible case to ‘lead’ new thinking about peacekeeping, complex challenges may make it difficult for India to be recognized to take such a lead.
The Question of Domestic Jurisdiction and the Evolution of United Nations Law of Human Rights
Authors: Vijapur Abdulrahim P.
Published: April 2012

One important area of UN activity, where innumerable claims to and denials of the applicability of domestic jurisdiction clause have been made, is the question of promotion and protection of human rights. The lack of a clear definition and the ambiguity of these ‘terms’ had a major impact on the functioning of the UN organs, especially with respect to promoting and protecting human rights. Whenever a state is accused of violating the human rights of its citizens, it generally resorts to Article 2(7) claiming that the matter was not subject to UN jurisdiction. Although both scholars and the government representatives in UN debates have differed on the question of primacy of international over domestic jurisdiction, the overwhelming opinion has shifted in favour of acknowledging the weight of international jurisdiction as evolved through the functioning of various legal instruments and regimes of the UN. This does not imply that the UN’s expanded jurisdiction has replaced state jurisdiction. Indeed, the incorporation of many principles/provisions in UN human rights treaties is aimed at protecting the sovereignty of states. The institutionalized monitoring process of international human rights norms shows that virtually all states at present are subject to some international legal obligations as regards the human rights of their citizens.
India and Central Asia: Revitalizing Traditional Ties
Authors: Kaushik Devendra
Published: April 2012

While paying tribute to the role Rajan played in imparting a new Russian/Eurasian perspective to Central Asian studies in India, which was earlier largely Himalayancentric, the article highlights the uninterrupted character of Indo-Central Asian relationship extending over four millennia. The economic relations between the two regions of the world, however, have remained at a low level, far below their actual potential. The importance of relations with Central Asia has greatly increased due to India’s growing energy demand. India may cooperate with China for reopening the Chang-Chenmo overland route along with the Kunming route connecting the Bay of Bengal with the Pacific to dissuade Beijing from developing Gwadar as a military base. Based on the richness of the historical ties successfully maintained between India and Central Asia, there can be no doubt about the strength of the motivation provided by the interconnection between geo-culture, geo-economics and geopolitics.
India and the European Union: From Engagement to Strategic Partnership
Authors: Bava Ummu Salma
Published: April 2012

Relations between India and the European Union (EU) have evolved over a long period. Beginning in the early 1960s, with diplomatic relations being established between India and the European Economic Community (EEC), it has expanded and subsequently been transformed because both India and the EU (since 1992) have assumed a growing significance in post-Cold War international politics. However, this partnership has not been able to achieve its potential partly because of the low political visibility of the EU and strong bilateral relations between India and major European powers. The India–EU relationship in the context of the strategic partnership launched in 2004 has witnessed a dramatic expansion of engagement from the economic to the political and security realms, although the strategic partnership does not mean absence of differences and difficulties. There is, however, a perception that India’s closeness to the US has impacted the development of partnerships with both the EU and major individual countries.
Latin America in India’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Roy Ash Narain
Published: April 2012

Latin America is finally on the radar of Indian foreign policy-makers after decades of peripheral engagement with the region. While the China factor may have prompted this rethinking, India has its own pragmatic reasons to cultivate the Latin American countries. The reasons for Latin America’s new gaze falling on India are equally compelling—the end of the Cold War, the decline in US influence in the region and the spread and consolidation of democracy. The combination of new factors has allowed the region to search for partnerships far beyond the region, particularly Asia. If India provides attractive markets for resource rich Latin America, India is looking for new markets and investment destinations to meet the demands of its fast-growing economy. If India has to match China’s presence in Latin America, it will need to address various impediments like high tariffs, prohibitive transportation costs and other trade barriers.
India and China: The Past and the Future
Authors: Dutt V.P.
Published: April 2012

The national movements of China and India took divergent paths and the chasm grew wider over the years. After a brief spell of bonhomie in the beginning, the relations between the two countries have been bedevilled for long by three factors, viz. the relentless suppression of the Tibetan autonomy by the Chinese, its obdurate claims on the border issue and its deliberate policy of encouraging Pakistan to undercut India’s stature in regional and world politics. As for the future, it may be fair to say that the two Asian powerhouses cannot be friends, nor need they be enemies. There would be areas of engagement in the new sense of the term and areas of discord. Harmonizing Indian nationalism and Chinese nationalism would be the test of statesmanship in both countries. As there is no immediate challenge from China, India would be well advised to continue engaging China with a measure of caution and vigil.
Rising India’s Pakistan Problem
Authors: Cohen Stephen P. , Sandhu Rohan S.
Published: April 2012

This article identifies the persistent India–Pakistan rivalry as a paired minority conflict and argues that, as the predominant actor, India needs to shed its historical complexes and engage Pakistan proactively. By transcending its traditional reluctance, fears and prejudices, India must demonstrate that it can make use of its recently established economic and socio-political clout to be a dominant force in the region. A review of different scenarios for the future of Pakistan and possible Indian responses to another terrorist attack on Mumbai indicates that India’s best option would be to evolve a multilevel and long-term ‘carrot and stick’ strategy towards its neighbour. Beyond ineffectual Track II dialogues, an excessive focus on Kashmir and myopic decisions determined by domestic contingencies, India needs to build the necessary trust and solve its Pakistan problem by focusing on deeper economic interdependence and sustained civil society contacts, and revive its nuclear disarmament plans.
The Health Action Process Approach as a Motivational Model of Dietary Self-Management for People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Chiu Chung-Yi , Lynch Ruth Torkelson , Chan Fong , Rose Lindsey
Published: April 2012

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the health action process approach (HAPA) as a motivational model for dietary self-management for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Quantitative descriptive research design using path analysis was used. Participants were 209 individuals with MS recruited from the National MS Society and a neurology clinic at a university teaching hospital in the Midwest. Outcome was measured by the Healthy Dietary Stages of Change Instrument, along with 10 predictor measures. The HAPA dietary self-management model fit the data relatively well (goodness-of-fit index = .95, normed fit index = .90, comparative fit index = .95, and root mean square error approximation = 0.07) explaining 15% of the variance in dietary self-management behavior. Recovery self-efficacy and action and coping planning directly contributed to the prediction of dietary health behaviors. Action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception, and social support influenced intention, and the relationship between intention and dietary health behaviors is mediated by action and coping planning. Action self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy, and recovery self-efficacy directly or indirectly affected dietary health behaviors. Empirical support was found for the HAPA model of dietary self-management for people with MS. The HAPA model can be used to design behavioral health promotion interventions for people with disabilities in vocational rehabilitation.
SiMA: a discrete event system specification-based modelling and simulation framework to support model composability
Authors: Alpdemir M Nedim
Published: April 2012

In this paper we briefly present our views on composability of models and interoperation of simulations; we introduce our simulation software framework, namely Simulation Modelling Architecture (SiMA), and we present our contributions to the underlying formal model (i.e. discrete event system specification). We also present our simulation construction environment, which supports composability of simulation models through a simulation construction tool chain. Finally, we provide a case study where a sample simulation scenario is used to demonstrate the features of our SiMA environment that facilitate composability of simulation models.
Glass and Steel
Authors: Munroe Jesse Allan
Published: April 2012

The Shell Oil/Bulova Tower in Toronto was built as an “elaborate billboard” but became a real public space because of its vital role in the Canadian National Exhibition. As a place marker in the literal and perceived landscapes of its site, it overcame its corporate origins to serve important social and cultural needs. It was demolished for many reasons: the lack of heritage awareness in Toronto, the unsympathetic nature of neoliberal planning initiatives, and the liminal nature of the park it occupied. This demolition both further impoverished the city’s historical landscape and impelled its preservationist community to act; though no longer a physical landmark, it remains a dialectical one.
The Roles of Recruiter Political Skill and Performance Resource Leveraging in NCAA Football Recruitment Effectiveness
Authors: Treadway Darren C. , Adams Garry , Hanes T. Johnston , Perrewé Pamela L. , Magnusen Marshall J. , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: April 2012

The recruitment and selection of human resources represent the most important activities in which organizations of all types engage. However, there is much scholars still need to know about the predictors of recruitment effectiveness. Using a sample of Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) university football coaches ( N = 175) and their recruiting outcomes, the authors hypothesized that recruiting effectiveness is specifically affected by the individual qualities of the recruiters, in addition to the past performance of the team under the current head coach. The results supported the hypothesis, demonstrating that the interaction of recruiter political skill and head coach performance explained significant variance in recruitment effectiveness. Implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.
Theorizing the Bioeconomy
Authors: Birch Kean , Tyfield David
Published: April 2012

In the policy discourses of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and European Commission (EC), modern biotechnology and the life sciences are represented as an emerging “bioeconomy” in which the latent value underpinning biological materials and products offers the opportunity for sustainable economic growth. This articulation of modern biotechnology and economic development is an emerging scholarly field producing numerous “bio-concepts.” Over the last decade or so, there have been a number of attempts to theorize this relationship between biotechnologies and their capitalization. This article highlights some of the underlying ambiguities in these conceptualizations, especially in the fetishization of everything “bio.” We offer an alternative view of the bioeconomy by rethinking the theoretical importance of several key economic and financial processes.
Family Care Responsibilities and Employment
Authors: Stewart Lisa M.
Published: April 2012

This study compared work–family and family–work conflict for employed family caregivers with disability-related care responsibilities in contrast to employed family caregivers with typical care responsibilities. Using data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce, a population-based survey of the U.S. workforce, formal and informal workplace supports of employees with disability-related family care were compared with those of employees with typical family care responsibilities. Results reveal that family caregivers with disability-related family care responsibilities face higher levels of both types of conflict, have lower incomes, and receive fewer informal supports compared with family caregivers with typical care responsibilities. In future studies of a diverse workforce, exceptional care responsibilities need to be conceptualized differently than typical care. Efforts are also needed to address the supports within the workplace and community that do assist family caregivers with exceptional care responsibilities maintain their employment and manage their complex care.
Nonresident Fathers’ Parenting Style and the Adjustment of Late-Adolescent Boys
Authors: Karre Jennifer K. , Mounts Nina S.
Published: April 2012

This study investigates the relation between nonresident fathers’ parenting style, mothers’ parenting style and behaviors, and depression and antisocial behavior in a sample of late-adolescent boys ( n = 177). Hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Maternal psychological well-being was associated with fewer adolescent depression symptoms. When mothers had low or average amounts of aggravation in parenting, fathers’ more authoritative parenting was related to fewer depression symptoms in their adolescents. Maternal aggravation in parenting was associated with adolescent antisocial behavior. When mothers had low or average levels of authoritative parenting, fathers’ more authoritative parenting was related to less antisocial behavior in their adolescents.
Surgical Site Infections after Gracilis Free Flap Reconstruction for Facial Paralysis
Authors: Lee Linda N. , Susarla Srinivas M. , Henstrom Douglas K. , Hohman Marc H. , Durand Marlene L. , Cheney Mack L. , Hadlock Tessa A.
Published: April 2012

Compared with other free tissue transfer procedures, the gracilis free muscle transfer (GFMT) for facial reanimation is unique in that the recipient site is typically uninvolved by malignancy or infection. In this study, the authors examined the incidence, bacteriology, and outcomes of surgical site infection (SSI) after gracilis free muscle transfer for facial reanimation. From 2003 to 2011, 105 patients underwent 107 GFMT operations, with 6 SSIs. All cases of infection occurred in patients receiving clindamycin, levofloxacin, and/or cefazolin perioperatively. None of the patients who received ampicillin‐sulbactam developed an SSI. Surgical site cultures grew oral flora, including α‐hemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Fusobacterium and Neisseria species, and coagulase‐negative staphylococci. Notably, there were no methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. These data may have implications for the optimal perioperative antibiotic choice in facial reanimation cases. Further study is needed to determine the ideal antibiotic regimen for this category of free flap surgeries.
Identifying personality disturbance in a London probation sample
Authors: Minoudis Philip , Shaw Jake , Bannerman Ashley , Craissati Jackie
Published: April 2012

Personality difficulties provide challenges to offender management, particularly in regard to risk and diagnosis. No provisions exist for identifying personality disturbance in probation services, despite a political emphasis on the need for specialist knowledge of this group in the criminal justice system. This article reports on a pilot project where mental health professionals collaborated with probation services to develop methods of identifying personality disturbance in a London sample. There was a disproportionately large ratio of Black/Black British individuals identified in this study. There was a high prevalence of personality problems in probation caseloads. Different sampling methods identified separate groups of high risk personality disturbed offenders. All individuals identified carried a high risk of re-offending, based on static risk assessments. Emphasis was given to the importance of using developmental variables to help identify adult personality disturbance. The study discovered a potential gap in the method by which data is collected by the national offender management service, omitting lifer custody cases in their assessment of dangerous and severe personality disorder individuals. Ideas for future research were provided.
An investigation into competency for working with personality disorder and team climate in the probation service
Authors: Shaw Jake , Minoudis Philip , Hamilton Veronica , Craissati Jackie
Published: April 2012

Personality disorder (PD) is highly prevalent in offender samples and is an aggravating factor for risk assessment. Working with PD may be particularly challenging and requires specific staff competencies. However little is currently known about probation staff's competency for working with this group. Self report methodologies were used to investigate probation staff's competency for working with PD, their team climate and the relationship between the two factors. Probation staff’s competency was not found to be significantly different to a sample of voluntary sector housing workers. No significant difference was found between probation public protection unit (PPU) and non-PPU staff or between qualified and unqualified staff. Two facets of team climate were associated with improved competency for working with PD, but probation staff obtained low scores for one of these facets (team vision). There is a need for staff competency development in this field. A model for improved service delivery is proposed.
Promoting offender engagement and compliance in sentence planning: Practitioner and service user perspectives in Hertfordshire
Authors: Hughes Will
Published: April 2012

The following article is based on research in Hertfordshire regarding sentence planning and offender engagement, undertaken with the support of a Graham Smith bursary. The findings suggest that interpersonal contact and relationships between service users and practitioners are of most significance in encouraging compliance and engagement. This in turn suggests that interactional practice skills should be the key focus of future training and development of staff, in terms of enabling them to plan with service users.
Risk assessment, the professional judgement model and organizational anxiety – a practitioner response to ‘In the eye of the storm: The implications of the Munro Child Protection Review for the future of probation’ by Wendy Fitzgibbon
Authors: Fellowes Eleanor
Published: April 2012

This article is a response to Wendy Fitzgibbon’s article ‘In the eye of the storm: The implications of the Munro Child Protection Review for the future of probation’. Fitzgibbon’s article ( Fitzgibbon, 2012 ) offers a reflection on the similarities between the problems Eileen Munro identified in child protection practice, and those in probation. She questions whether a Munro Review is necessary for probation. The focus of Fitzgibbon’s article, like that of Munro’s Review, is on what is wrong with practice and policy, and what changes are needed – and what is likely given the current political and economic climate. This response seeks to further examine the challenges to best practice that Fitzgibbon explored, whilst looking ahead to the positive changes the new National Standards have the potential to foster. The climate of organizational anxiety is also discussed as a potential obstacle to any positive culture change.
Race/Ethnicity and Family Contact
Authors: Comeau Joseph A.
Published: April 2012

Research from several disciplines has found that Latinos in the United States tend to score higher than other groups on measures of familialism. While most studies of Latino familialism use attitudinal measures rather than behavioral ones, I argue that examining behavioral measures of familialism can offer additional insights. This article develops a behavioral measure of familialism based on frequency of contact with family members and demonstrates this measure’s utility using 2002 General Social Survey (GSS) data. Indices were created representing frequency of contact with nuclear and extended family using individual familial categories (i.e., mother, sibling, cousin). Frequency of contact with the individual familial categories was also tested. Analysis of the indices found that Latinos maintained more frequent contact with nuclear and extended family members than did White non-Hispanics but not Black non-Hispanics. More detailed findings from the analyses of individual familial categories, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Skin Tone, Racism, Locus of Control, Hostility, and Blood Pressure in Hispanic College Students
Authors: Trevino Brandy , Ernst Frederick A.
Published: April 2012

There is some evidence that blood pressure is higher in persons with darker skin tone but the reasons for this remain unclear. When seen in minorities, the positive relationship between darkness of skin and blood pressure invites hypotheses about potential mediators of the relationship. We investigated the relationship in Hispanics of primarily Mexican descent and included measures of hostility, locus of control and perceived racial discrimination hypothesized to mediate higher blood pressure. Regression analysis revealed no relationship between darkness of skin and blood pressure but correlations between hypothesized mediators were significant and explicable. Cynical hostility and external locus of control were positively associated with perceived racial discrimination. We reasoned that the chronic experience of racial discrimination reinforces the perception of discrimination and feeds both external locus of control and cynical hostility despite no corresponding unfavorable effect on blood pressure.
Adolescent Perspectives on Rules and Resistance Within the Parent-Child Relationship
Authors: Parkin C. Melanie , Kuczynski Leon
Published: April 2012

Thirty-two adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 participated in a semistructured interview regarding their perspectives on parental expectations and their strategies for expressing resistance. Thematic analyses indicated that adolescents perceive parental expectations as flexible and coconstructed rather than as firm, explicit, standing rules. Adolescents described their strategies for expressing resistance as multifaceted, consisting of overt behavioral strategies and covert cognitive strategies that reflect autonomous and relational motives. The implications of the findings were discussed with regard to conflict, socialization theory, and clinical models of noncompliance.
Typologies de parcours et dynamique longitudinale
Authors: Rousset Patrick , Giret Jean-François , Grelet Yvette
Published: April 2012

Life Course Typologies et Longitudinal Dynamics: In this paper, we propose a method for developing typologies of individual itineraries that takes into account the dynamics of longitudinal timelines. It applies when these timelines are developed from calendars. The originality of this method lies both in the method of calculating the distance between trajectories, and the classification procedure based on Kohonen self-organizing maps. The main property of the metric is to take into account the proximity between different states and its evolution over time. We propose an application in the analysis of career paths using Céreq data for monthly monitoring over seven years for youths who left the education system in 1998. Our results highlight the importance of temporal dynamics in the construction of timelines of entry into the workforce. Finally, we examine the role and contributions of this method by comparing it to the most commonly used methods for constructing timeline typologies.
The Interpretation of Statistics in Sociology
Authors: Cibois Philippe
Published: April 2012

The interpretation of statistics in sociology, in particular in data analysis, faces the problem of realistic interpretations or not of the ideal-types that the researcher can identify. With an investigation of school willingness of children from immigrant families, we show how one can hesitate in choosing a realistic interpretation or a constructivist interpretation of the results. We broaden the discussion by a fictitious dialogue between supporters of each camp.
Les élections présidentielles de 2002
Authors: Grémy Jean-Paul
Published: April 2012

French Presidential Elections of 2002 – Were the Polls Wrong? This note intends to show that on the eve of the first round of the 2002 presidential elections in France, polls published in the media had properly informed the public about the evolution of public opinion (slight decrease for Jospin, increase of Le Pen), and about indecision on the part of the electorate (which decides the day before or on election day). It is therefore likely that the published results were accurate and it is the predictions made on the basis of these results that were clearly erroneous.
Counting and Measuring Online
Authors: de Leeuw Edith D.
Published: April 2012

We still cannot look inside people’s heads. To measure emotions, opinions, evaluations, associations, and intentions, we have to ask people about these phenomena. Our data collection has changed over time, and many different methods are available. At present, Internet surveys are widely used in market research and are becoming an important data collection tool in universities. The main advantages of Internet surveys are the speed and cost reduction in comparison to more traditional data collection methods, the positive effect of self-administration, such as more privacy, use of more complex questionnaire routing, and in general a greater interactivity. Disadvantages are problems of Internet coverage of the general population, especially under-coverage of certain subgroups such as the elderly and the lower educated, and non-response. This contribution provides a review of existing studies comparing online surveys with more traditional data collection methods.