bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STEAM PLATFORM ECONOMY: CAPITALISING FROM PLAYER-DRIVEN ECONOMIES	ON THE INTERNET.
Authors: Thorhauge Anne Mette
Published: October 2020

With this paper I aim to analyse and discuss the Steam game platform in a platform economic perspective. I will argue that Steam represents a special type of platform economy due to its roots in gaming economies: Steam’s platform economy can be seen as a specific way of capitalising on the player-driven economies that arise within and beyond key game titles offered on the platform. The API offered to third party developers on Steams websites can be described as a ‘palette of monetization strategies’ that run from simple retail models in the game store, over various ways of integrating user generated content in the Steam Workshop to the prospects of harnessing and capitalising from players’ economic action in the Community market. A look some of the most-played games titles shows that this gives rise to a variety of diverse monetization strategies. Many of those monetization strategies move beyond advertising and the attention economy, making players trades another potential source of income. In all cases, of course, Steam gets its share.
SOWING SEEDS OF DISTRUST: VIDEO GAME PLAYER PERCEPTIONS OF COMPANIES	IN ONLINE FORUMS
Authors: Tomlinson Christine , Anderson-Coto Maria J.
Published: October 2020

Video games have become a major source of entertainment across the globe. Along with this growth as a form of leisure, video game companies have recognized the importance of the communities and cultures that consumers build around their products. Fans establish identities linked to their gaming habits, whether they are playing games themselves or viewing games played by professionals. Fans also participate in communities, often facilitated through online forums. As part of this, fans discuss, express, and assess their relationship with the companies in charge of their hobbies. How do fans establish and negotiate trust with these companies and why might consumer trust to lapse? This project analyzes approximately 2,500 online forum posts from video game players and esports viewers to understand their perspectives on the companies involved in these spaces. Ultimately, the landscape appears to be developing increasing negativity where fans feel exploited and progressively concerned about company decisions. Fans have called into question the quality of video games and esports streams, motivations for specific decisions behind the scenes, and whether or not their actions as fans reward companies who are using them to meet a specific financial goal. A sense of common knowledge is developed that certain companies will make decisions at the perceived expense of the audience to increase profit. Although these sentiments are not present for all forum users, these discussions reveal increasing negative associations toward specific companies, games, and franchises.
MEMETIC COMMEMORATIONS: REMIXING FAR-RIGHT VALUES IN DIGITAL	SPHERES
Authors: Trillò Tommaso , Shifman Limor
Published: October 2020

Memes are efficient tools for far-right activism. They also offer a window into the reactionary values expressed by far-right constituents in digital spheres. In this paper, we conceptualize memes as a meeting place between the values of the far-right and the values characterizing memetic communication on social media. We examined this process through the lens of Schwartz’s theory of basic human values and a case study from Italy. Specifically, we focus on a photo-based meme genre that we named “alternative calendar commemorations.” These memes memorialize events or figures that are key to the imaginary of the far-right. As expected, we found strong appeals to collectivistic values such as patriotism and tradition. However, we also found a partial re-negotiation of the collectivistic values of the far-right through some of the individualistic values intrinsic to memes. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of this new amalgamation between context-specific far-right values and those embedded in the globalizing format of digital memes.
PATCHWORKED MEDIA: MOBILE DEVICES AND CREATIVE PRACTICE IN CAPE TOWN,	SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Venter Marija Anja
Published: October 2020

There has been a recurring narrative in research that revolves around mobile technologies and society, particularly in relation to Africa: that these technologies have the potential to reconfigure and revolutionise the development trajectories of entire countries (Donner & Locke, 2019). But if these narratives are to be the case, then, indeed, the role that mobile devices can play in production (in this case of art, media, and design) is going to have to be something that allows people in the global South to earn a living. This paper presents an exploration of the creative practices, with a focus on mobile creative practices, of a cohort of Extended Curriculum Program (ECP) Visual Design students from a university in Cape Town, South Africa (2014). All of these students came from low-income, resource constrained contexts in the townships that surround Cape Town. In questioning whether mobile technologies can help young South African creatives forge careers or attain resources that could help them do so, the role of mobile technologies is complicated. While these devices offer new emerging creative affordances, and in some cases, can offer means to generate income, the material reality is a different story. I conclude by arguing that instead of these devices offering access to a global network, they, at best, provide the means for young creatives, such as those featured in this study, to a forge a media patchwork.
THE MEMEIFICATION OF #SCHOOLSHOOTINGS IN THE U.S.: YOUTH, TIKTOK, AND	PLAYFUL MEDIATED BODIES
Authors: Vickery Jacqueline Ryan
Published: October 2020

With active shooter drills as a normal part of student experiences in the U.S., the threat of a school shooting has become commonplace and institutionalized. Within a context of cultural trauma, it is no surprise that teens are using digital media to create spaces for sense-making, placemaking, and as a way to respond to the constant threat of violence. Focusing on the mediated memeification of school shootings, there exists an entire genre of #darkhumor videos on TikTok in which young people create and circulate irreverent humorous media texts as a response to the constant threat of – and perceived political inaction to - school shootings in the U.S. Through a content and discursive analysis of 200 #darkhumor #schoolshooting videos on TikTok, this paper asks: what can we learn about how young people understand cultural trauma through an examination of their playful and memetic social media practices? Videos are categorized into three groups: $2 (which address media stereotypes, tropes, and transactional survival), $2 (which address the absurdity of school violence and the failure of neoliberal responses), and $2 (which depict dance and movement as celebratory distractions). While the playful and irreverent videos can be read through a lens of critique, satire, or parody, the memetic, social, corporeal, and performative nature of TikTok affords related yet distinct practices and modes of playful social engagement that I refer to as the mediated playful body.
DINING ‘ON AND OFF’: FOOD, WELLBEING AND WECHAT USE AMONG OLDER CHINES	MIGRANTS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Wang Wilfred Yang , Yang Yanan Jana
Published: October 2020

This study examines how WeChat, one of the most popular Chinese messenger applications installed on smartphone, facilitates the formation of an older Chinese diasporic space that is centered around the self-nurturing diet (yinshi yangsheng) cultural discourse in Australia. Media has traditionally played a crucial role in disseminating yangsheng-related information and knowledge in China (Sun 2016). However, currently literature in older Chinese people’s media consumption mainly focuses on experience and processes within China few have paid attention to surging number of older Chinese who are ageing in a transnational context. Through analysing data collected from eight focused group (12 people each) conducted at a Chinese restaurant in Brisbane, Australia, and examining OCM participants’ WeChat use,it is found that WeChat not only facilitates the formation of an older Chinese social space in Australia but the platform has acted as a self- and mutual-reliance mechanism for OCMs to negotiate and make sense of their biological change of ageing and biographic change of transnational migration.
"BRINGING YOUR VISION TO LIFE": PRODUCTION PLATFORMS AND INDUSTRY	UNITY
Authors: Young Chris J. , Nieborg David B. , Joseph Daniel J.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notion of production platforms by exploring the political economy of the real-time animation platform Unity by Unity Technologies. Contributing to the debate on the ‘platformization of cultural production’ by examining the penetration of Unity’s economic, infrastructural, and governance extensions beyond its platform boundaries, we argue Unity has become the de facto default for the development of apps thereby impacting the production and circulation of immersive content. To explore the impact of Unity’s role in the wider process of platformization we draw on an archive of corporate documentation and promotional material, news coverage, and industry data. We situate the platform within Unity Technologies’ culture and business strategies, which enrolls and keeps developers ‘tethered’ to its proprietary platform. We found Unity’s diffusion and growth has evolved along three lines, economic expansion, infrastructural integration, and regulatory control through a series of acquisitions and business partnerships with industry-specific technologies. While there are competing real-time animation platforms, Unity Technologies’ focus on economic and infrastructural integration with industry-specific technologies and companies has made it indispensable for real-time animation workflows. As a result, global businesses such as Disney, Toyota, and Nintendo use Unity in their design process. Our analysis signals a broader shift in the cultural production of apps where a small group of production platforms shape the production, distribution, and circulation of real-time animation products. In many ways, Unity not only animates the life of the internet, but it also brings to life visions of the material world around us.
METHODS THAT MOVE US: CREATIVITY AND ETHICS IN RESEARCHING DIGITAL YOUTH CULTURES
Authors: Uldbjerg Signe , Hendry Natalie , Gerrard Ysabel
Published: October 2020

For scholars exploring digital youth cultures, creative research methods offer the potential to disrupt existing power imbalances, form empowering creative practices or closely engage with knowledge production that is dynamic, embodied and socially contextual. Yet the experience of doing creative research methods poses challenges that are often under- or unacknowledged in our work.

This roundtable brings together researchers from different countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, and the United Kingdom), career stages, and with differing methodological expertise to discuss the ethical, personal, theoretical and methodological challenges of creative methods research to understand intersectionally diverse groups of young people and their digitally lives.

In the spirit of creative methods, our roundtable opens with a short creative, hands-on task that encourages reflection on the following aspects of researching young people’s digital lives: approaching ethics, anonymity, care and vulnerability; choosing suitable research methods; including young people in research; rethinking what counts as “data”; and publishing research results.

We will then share brief summaries of our research, addressing ethical challenges at different stages of the research process; from diversity in recruitment and interactions between research designs and young people’s digital lives, to representations of young voices in academic writing and young people’s possibilities of long-term commitments in participatory research. We want to emphasize the importance of openly discussing the challenges we face as researchers but also as practitioners, educators and activists, and we will invite participants to discuss their own research relating to creative methods, ethics and youth digital cultures.

Our work emphasises the political and pedagogical need for research that approaches young people’s diverse media practices through respectful listening and co-production methods. Additionally, we wish to reflect on our own positions as researchers and feminists, and on which perspectives we can represent and which we cannot.
Increased BAFF Levels in Children with Acute Brucellosis
Authors: Erdeniz Emine Hafize , Cevik Ozge
Published: October 2020

Objective: Brucellosis, which is a chronic infectious bacterial disease. We aimed to show the association of serum ‘A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) (TNFSF13A)’ and ‘B-cell Activating Factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF)’ levels in children with acute brucellosis.
Methods: Fifty children with acute brucellosis and 35 healthy controls, who were admitted during a two-year period between 2018 and 2020, were prospectively included. All patients and healthy children were tested for complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), BAFF, and APRIL.
Results: The mean age of 50 patients with acute brucellosis was 10.2±3.6 years, and thirty-seven (74%) of them was male. BAFF levels were significantly higher in children with acute brucellosis than the control group (548.6±253.4 vs. 280.5±83.6, p<0.001). Other laboratory tests, in addition to APRIL levels were not statistically different between the patients and control group. Neither BAFF and APRIL, nor age, gender, Rose Bengal, transaminase levels, and other laboratory parameters were significantly different between the patients with and without any complication. ROC analysis showed that BAFF values over than 330 pg/mL were 78% sensitivite and 72% specific to detect acute brucellosis in children (Area under curve: 0.864, p<0.001, CI: 0.787-0.941) (Figure 1).
Conclusion: BAFF levels are significantly elevated in children with acute brucellosis. BAFF levels over than 330 pg/mL are 78% sensitivite and 72% specific to detect the disease, but BAFF cannot discriminate between patients with and without complications. APRIL, which has relatively similar effects, is not associated with acute pediatric brucellosis.
FDI Environment in China: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Fernandez Manuel , Alnuaimi Aysha Abdulla Ahmed Aljeed , Joseph Robinson
Published: October 2020

Investors prefer to invest in assets and places that offer attractive returns and are relatively less risky. China is one of the countries with the highest economic growth and is trying to attract investors from all corners of the world to invest and participate in the growth of China. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the position of China as a destination for FDI, the factors that attract FDI into China, and the factors that hinder the flow of FDI into China. It also proposes to examine whether the attractiveness of China is increasing or is it on the decline and the rationale behind it. This study is based on secondary data, covers a period of five years, and analysis various determinants of FDI. The study reveals that China has the potential, political stability, and an organized financial system, but its market has started to shrink as the population growth is declining, the labor cost is increasing, labor market efficiency is decreasing, economic growth and infrastructure developments are decelerating, and corporate and individual tax rates are high.
Relationship Between Various Determinants and Dimensions of Financial Literacy Among Working Class
Authors: Singh Khujan , Rani Poonam , Kiran Chand
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this empirical research work was to identify the relationship between various determinants of Financial Literacy among the working class of National Capital Region of India. It was a descriptive study based on the survey of 596 working class respondents. The data has been analyzed by factor analysis, correlation and regressions analysis. Based on the factor analysis, three factors have been found of financial knowledge, three factors of financial behaviour and in a similar manner four factors of financial attitude have been extracted. Further, based on the multiple regression models the contribution of financial attitude has been found highest in explaining the financial literacy and it has been followed by financial behaviour and financial knowledge. It means that both financial attitude and financial behaviour are better estimators of financial literacy in comparison to the financial knowledge. Therefore, the policy makers, financial system regulators and governments should do more efforts to improve the level of financial attitude and financial behaviour in comparison to the financial knowledge to improve the level of financial literacy because significant difference has been found in the level of financial attitude and financial behaviour across some of the demographic factors. The increased financial literacy would be helpful in improving the saving and investment behaviour of the public. This improved level of financial literacy of public will save the required level of capital for the capital formation for the targeted economic growth. Consequently, more employment opportunities will increase the social security in the society. Like every study, this study also have certain limitations like the universe of the study was limited to a particular geographical region i.e. National Capital Region of India, along with time and money constraints. In future similar study can be conducted by changing the target population and geographical area with a bigger sample.
Gross Domestic Product, Number of Employees and Inflation Rate and Its Relationship to Private Final Consumption in Jordan
Authors: Thiabat Adnan Abdelkarim , Kattoua Taghreed Musleh
Published: October 2020

Jordan is affected by an increase in the ratio of public debt to a percentage of GDP. The increase rate has reached 85.8% (Jordan’s central bank in numbers). And this is a serious indicator that affects the economic conditions and living standards. The study dealt with the final private consumption and the factors affecting it. The first factor is the gross domestic product (GDP), and it is a reverse view of influence, consumption is one of the components of GDP through spending, which is influential and influenced by it, the second factor was the demographic effect, and the study took the number of workers as part of the demographic factor and the third factor is the level of prices. The study took the rate of inflation. In cases of inflation and high prices, the state resorted to reducing public spending and increasing taxes to reduce actual demand (Hardan, Tahir 1997).The study was from 2006 to 2016 as a sufficient period for measurement and the availability of accurate data. The study found that there is a relationship between the first and second variable and denied the relationship to the third variable, due to price fluctuations in the study period and one of the most important recommendations was to replace local labor with foreign labor.
Effects of Internal and External Factors on Profitability of Jordanian Commercial Banks: Panel Data Approach
Authors: Bekhet Hussain A. , Alsmadi Ahmad Mohammad , Khudari Mohamed
Published: October 2020

This article assesses the effects of internal and external factors on the profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. A panel data set of thirteen commercial banks between 2000 and 2018 was used. Pooled ordinary least squares, random and fixed models were applied. Moreover, a Hausman test was performed to confirm the suitability of models, which was preferred on the random effect model. Also, a Wooldridge test for serial correlation and a modified Wald test for groupwise Heteroskedasticity were used and both of their null hypotheses were rejected. However, to deal with these problems, a robustness analysis was performed using feasible generalized least square. The findings suggested that internal factors and in particular, bank size and diversification, had positive effects on bank profitability, while credit risk, operational risk and leverage risk were negatively related to bank performance. However, capital risk had a positive but insignificant impact on bank profitability. As for the effect of external factors, the results suggested that financial development and inflation had a positive and significant impact on bank profitability, while market concentration and stock market volatility had a significant negative effect on bank profitability. Further, a negative and insignificant impact were found for GDP and refugee crisis on bank profitability in Jordan. The findings would help managers of commercial banks, investors, government, policy makers and shareholders to make better decisions and improve performance by highlighting areas of weaknesses. In general, policy makers should become more aware with these insights on profit determinants in Jordanian commercial banks.
Impact of Institutional Governance Tools on Reducing Agency Costs to Commercial Banks Listed in the Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Shaqqour Omar Fareed
Published: October 2020

This study aims to identify the Impact of institutional governance tools on reducing agency costs in the banks listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). To this end, the researcher has studied the impact of an institutional governance tools on reducing the agency costs. Which are: board of directors` size, board of directors` independent members ratio, number of audit committee meetings, ratio of debt-financing, market share and bank`s size.The agency costs are measured by three indicators: assets turnover ratio, operating expenses ratio and free cash flow indicator. Study sample comprises all 16 banks listed in the ASE, for which data are available in the ASE during period of the study (2017 – 2019). EXCEL and SPSS are used to identify descriptive characteristics of study and analyze data. Regression analysis method is also used to test the study hypotheses. The study results have concluded that agency costs increase with the increase in the board of directors size, the independent members ratio, number of meetings of audit committees, debt finance ratio and market share ratio. The study has also concluded, as per the operating expenses indicator, that agency costs increase with the increase of debt financing, while they decrease with the increase in the board of directors size. According to the free cash flow indicator, the study results have showed that the agency costs increase with increase in the board of directors size.
The Impact of Social and Positive Psychological Capital on the Efficiency: A Field Study From the Perspective of Jordanian Auditors of the Performance of Audit Offices
Authors: Al-Tahat Saqer S. , Ali Osama A. , Nqira Nourdeen M. Abu , Alhawamdeh Tharwat M. , Al-Qadi Faris S.
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this study is to show the social positive and psychological impact on the performance efficiency of audit offices from the perspective of the employees in those offices, and to fulfill this, the researchers relied on two inputs: the inductive and descriptive analytical approach, as well as relying on spss software to analyze data of this study, and test the hypothesis, which were in descriptive statistics metrics, model fit tests, and multiple linear regression analysis, to test the study hypothesis. The study sample consisted of 325 qualified people working in these offices. The most important conclusion from this research is that the psychological capital develops the fruitful exploitation of auditors in the work, to accomplish the audit work. In addition, the directors of audit offices seek to establish social cooperative relations among office workers. The most substantial recommendations of this research are crystallized by attracting human and intellectually, psychologically, socially and practically qualified elements who have sufficient skills and experience in auditing processes, in addition, the demand to encourage teamwork, and give powers to team members, so that many of the work problems are resolved through teams.
The Impact of Earnings Management on Dividend Policy: Evidence From Kuwait
Authors: Abbadi Sinan S. , Abuaddous Murad Y. , Bataineh Hanady T. , Muttairi Abdulla E.
Published: October 2020

This study has two main objectives. The first is to examine the impact of Earnings Management (EM) on dividend policy for the Kuwait’s industrial and service sectors. The second is to sieve out the possible explanations for the conflicting results regarding this topic. Using Modified Jones Model, a sample of 46 companies listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange with a total of (184) firm-year observations form the period 2011-2016 reveals an absence of a significant relation between EM and dividend policy. In addition, this paper posits a possible relationship between EM, dividend policy and market maturity.
La convivencia religiosa en una localidad indígena: el caso de Mecayapan, México
Authors: Palacios Felipe R. Vázquez
Published: October 2020

El de estudio ofrece a los especialistas en religión la oportunidad de comprender la fragmentación del campo religioso local y su significado en términos de la dinámica social, a partir de un  enfoque antropológico centrado en el municipio de Mecayapan, México.
Personal Exposure to PM2.5 in the Massive Transport System of Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Castillo-Camacho Maria Paula , Tunarrosa-Grisales Isabel Cristina , Chacón-Rivera Lina María , Guevara-Luna Marco Andrés , Belalcázar-Cerón Luis Carlos
Published: October 2020

Recent studies have shown that public transport users can be exposed to high levels of pollution emitted from their own vehicles and nearby sources. The purpose of this research is to determine the personal exposure of passengers to PM2.5 inside the vehicles of the massive public transport of two of the main and more populated cities of Colombia, Bogotá and Medellín. TM (TransMilenio powered by diesel) and SITVA (electric and gas natural vehicles) were the systems studied. Were evaluated the integration of new vehicles with technologies Euro V and Euro VI in the TM system, the impact of the weekend effect on personal exposure into public transport (TM and SITVA), and the possible differences between personal exposure regarding the ways of the systems (mixed lane or exclusive lane for TM and SITVA). To measure PM2.5 levels, a DustTrak monitor previously calibrated was used. This measurement campaigns lasted for more than 80 hours and a mean of 17000 data of PM2.5 concentrations were obtained for each route. The personal dose was calculated based on the recorded data. The mean PM2.5 concentrations and personal dose found in the research for TM are 167 µg/m³ and 2.3 µg/min, respectively, while, for SITVA they are 41 µg/m³ and 0.53 µg/min, respectively. Therefore, SITVA users have a 5 times lower personal exposure to PM2.5 than TM users. It was also found that due to the poor proportion of new TM vehicles during the monitoring period, the personal exposure in the old vehicles and in the new ones is similar. In the case of SITVA, it was evidenced that the mixed lane contributes to a high personal exposure to PM2.5 than the exclusive one.
THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF STATE SYSTEMS OF POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES
Authors: Hołubko Wiktor
Published: October 2020

After the collapse of the USSR in August 1991 and the emergence of new sovereign states on its territory, they all formed the office of the president within a few years. It became very attractive to them for a number of reasons: it was able to guarantee political stability in the face of radical transformations of their systems, to facilitate the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, and to legitimize the political and legal status of the former Soviet ruling elites. During the years of independence, the presidency has taken various forms. A large part of post-Soviet states chose the presidential form of government in some places with signs of authoritarianism, which was reflected in the desire to constantly strengthen the role of this office. Few states have chosen a mixed form of government in
which the office of the president is largely influenced by the balance of domestic political forces. The phenomenon of its excessive personification plays an important role in determining the influence of the president on the functioning of public authorities in post-Soviet countries. The least popular is the parliamentary form of government, in which the office of the president is left with very limited powers.
PARLIAMENTARY GROUPS IN NATIONAL PARLIAMENT AND SENATE. DEMANDS DE LEGE FERENDA. VARIA
Authors: Mołek Sebastian
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is analysis of current legal standing, which sanctioning principles of creat and select fuctioing groups in the national Parliament and Senate. In this article, based on law and Regulation of National Parliament and Senate, demands will be phrase de lege ferenda being aimed at a modification the action of groups, which will provide the real leverege on the course of the legislative process
DEPRIVATION OF LIFE OF AN ASSAILANT IN THE NECESSARY DEFENSE AND A CATALOG OF PROTECTED LEGAL INTERESTS
Authors: Grudecki Michał , Kleszcz Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of killing an attacker in self-defense. The considerations are based on the interpretation of Article 25 § 2 of the Penal Code, from which it follows that the method of defense must be commensurate with the danger of attack. The authors are looking for a catalog of legal interests that can be defended by harming the attacker’s life. They also analyze Article 2 (2a) European Convention of Human Rights, according to which deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary in
defence of any person from unlawful violence. The authors draw attention to the role of this provision in the interpretation of the signs of necessary defense, especially the sign of proportionality of the means of defense to the danger of assassination. In the article, they also defined the concept of a countertype (justification) and briefly characterized the remaining features of necessary defense
PUBLIC INTEREST AS A DETERMINANT OF TERRITORIAL AUTONOMY
Authors: Niemczuk Przemysław
Published: October 2020

The article aims to explore the concept of territorial autonomy. The research assumption is that public interest is one of the fundamental determinants of territorial autonomy. Territorial autonomy has not been defined by law. It is a general and relative term, and thus difficult to define (if such an enterprise is possible at all). However, one thing is certain - the idea behind this term determines the law regulating the organizational and territorial form of the state, i.e. the distribution of power between the centre and the territory. Further attempts to specify territorial autonomy are met with serious difficulties. Therefore, it is crucial to look at it through the prism of public interest. The term public interest has a relative meaning, because it depends on the constantly changing social conditions. This variability is, among others, a result of the territorial context. The national interest and the territorial interest will be defined in different ways. It seems, therefore, that in order to explicate the notion territorial autonomy, one should refer to the concept of public interest and then take into account the relationship between the interest of a territory and the interest of the whole state. This will make it possible to outline territorial autonomy through the prism of its determinant – the public interest.
ADMISSIBILITY OF GENETIC TESTING INFORMATION BY THE INSURANCE SECTOR IN POLAND
Authors: Wroniewska Wiktoria
Published: October 2020

Human progress has led to a growing interest in factors shaping the human nature, physical features, tendencies. Determining the demands of particular nations or social groups influences all industry sectors, the economy, the goods. As this comprehensive sum of the human knowledge plays such a vital role in a modern world, the progress in the field of human genetics and other related sciences will also be accelerated. The wealth of knowledge positively impacts many aspects of life and various types of human activity such as healthcare, the economy, trade. It is evident that the ability to create a detailed analysis of each individual greatly affected the wider insurance sector. The following article will discuss the conditions of admissible use of genetic testing results by the insurance sector for the purpose of risk assessment in the context of the Polish legislative system; the factors contributing in an increased interest by the insurance companies in this new field and the predicted consequences arising from an extensive privacy interference of each person.
COMMENTARY OF THE JUDGMENT OF THE WOJEWÓDZKI SĄD ADMINISTRACYJNY IN ŁÓDŹ OF 9 MAY 2019, REF. ACT: III SA/ŁD 1089/18 (ELECTRONIC DELIVERY – ART. 391 OF THE CODE OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE)
Authors: Majewski Kamil
Published: October 2020

This gloss concerns primarily the issue of delivery of letters by electronic means of communication. The author indicates the requirements resulting from the currently applicable provisions of law necessary to apply this form, the effects of its application and the mutual relationship of this procedural institution and the traditional form. The study also takes into account the broadly understood context of these regulations, ranging from the institution of appeal in
general, through the importance of service and determination of the legal consequences it entails, to the obligations of a public administration authority in this respect and the impact on the situation of a party to proceedings. The author shares the view of the WSA in Łódź, according to which «an attempt to deliver a decision in a traditional way, i.e. by post, when the addressee requests electronic delivery, results in the fact that the authority cannot rely on the fiction of delivery due to failure to collect the parcel (twice advised parcel) resulting from art. 44 § 4 of the Code of Administrative Procedure.» and presents arguments in support of this thesis.
TIME LIMIT FOR FILING AN APPEAL IN CASSATION BY AN ATTORNEY BY CHOICE, IF THE ATTORNEY APPOINTED EX OFFICIO REFUSED PREPARING IT. CRITICAL COMMENTARY TO THE SUPREME COURT JUDGEMENT OF 23 JANUARY 2020, REF. NO. IV CZ 115/19
Authors: Partyk Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The commented court decision of the Supreme Court refers to the issue of setting the time limit for filing an appeal in cassation if an attorney appointed for a party ex officio refused to file appeal in cassation, and then the complaint was filed by the party’s attorney of choice. The Supreme Court supported the position that in such a case, an attorney of choice may effectively file an appeal in cassation within the period open to the attorney appointed for a party ex officio. The commented judgment does not deserve to be approved of. Art. 124 § 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure should be interpreted strictly, since the party’s attorney by choice could have used the institution of reinstating a time limit regarding filing a cassation appeal.
Investigação Empírica sobre os Efeitos da Gamificação de um Juiz Online em uma Disciplina de Introdução à Programação
Authors: Ribeiro Ralph Breno Silva , Carvalho Leandro Silva Galvão de , Oliveira Elaine Harada Teixeira de , Oliveira David Braga Fernandes de , Pessoa Marcela Savia Picanco
Published: October 2020

CONTEXTO. Este artigo apresenta um juiz online gamificado desenvolvido com a finalidade de motivar estudantes de graduação iniciantes no aprendizado de programação. O sistema foi aplicado em 11 turmas de diferentes cursos de engenharia e ciências exatas da Universidade  no 1° período letivo de 2017. OBJETIVO. O objetivo geral deste estudo é avaliar o impacto desse juiz online gamificado em uma disciplina introdutória de programação sobre o desempenho, motivação, experiência e percepção da aprendizagem dos estudantes. MÉTODO. Um quase-experimento foi realizado para mensurar a influência do sistema gamificado sobre o desempenho dos estudantes, comparando-se estatisticamente dados das turmas de 2017/1 (com gamificação) com as de 2016/1 (sem gamificação). Além disso, nas turmas de 2017/1, foi aplicado um questionário qualitativo para verificar a percepção dos estudantes em relação a três componentes: motivação, experiência do usuário e percepção da aprendizagem. RESULTADOS. Verificou-se um aumento significativo na nota final da disciplina entre os não desistentes, o que não dependeu da experiência prévia reportada pelos alunos, mas que se concentrou mais nos alunos não repetentes. Além disso, houve um aumento no número de logins, número de testes de código e tempo de uso do IDE do juiz online. Não se verificou diferença significativa no número de exercícios corretos, mas houve uma redução na variância, principalmente entre os alunos de desempenho mais baixo. Também nas turmas experimentais, houve uma diminuição da associação entre a nota da prova de Matemática do Enem e o desempenho em programação. Com respeito à percepção dos estudantes em termos dos três componentes da análise qualitativa, a maioria das respostas foi positiva. CONCLUSÕES. Embora a taxa de desistência da disciplina tenha aumentado no período letivo de uso do juiz online gamificado, os resultados reforçam as evidências sobre o potencial motivador da gamificação no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de programação.
Autismo e Novas Tecnologias: Reflexões sobre Publicações Brasileiras face às Recomendações Francesas
Authors: Aguiar Yuska Paola Costa , Ferreira Williby Da Silva , Cordeiro Rafael Farias , Saraiva Juliana Albuquerque Gonçalves , Tardif Carole , Galy Edith
Published: October 2020

A heterogeneidade dos sintomas das pessoas com TEA exige que as intervenções sejam específicas para cada caso. No Brasil, há aproximadamente sete anos, diretrizes do governo foram estabelecidas de forma a garantir a inclusão dessa parte da população, inclusive em escola regular e com o auxílio de tecnologia. Como consequência desse incentivo, pesquisas acadêmicas e soluções assistivas vêm sendo impulsionadas na academia e no mercado. Por outro lado, países como a França, vem estudando essa parcela da população e propondo políticas públicas há mais de duas décadas. Assim sendo, uma análise comparativa das abordagens que os recursos tecnológicos assistivos vêm sendo desenvolvidos, utilizados e avaliados é relevante na tentativa de aprimorar e direcionar esforços já empregados no país. Neste cenário, foi mapeada a produção científica nacional sobre “Autismo, Educação e Tecnologia” para compilar informações sobre as pesquisas realizadas a partir de uma revisão de literatura, contemplando 33 artigos identificando a predominância de soluções de softwares educativos para alfabetização de crianças com TEA. A partir dos dados encontrados foi realizado uma análise comparativa entre as soluções brasileiras propostas com o relatório disponibilizado pela Fundação Internacional de Pesquisa Aplicada sobre Deficiência (Fondation Internationale de la Recherche Appliquée sur le Handicap, FIRAH), que visa minimizar os problemas e potencializar os ganhos no uso de tecnologias por pessoas com autismo. Foi percebido tanto nas publicações nacionais, quanto no guia preconizado pela França, que há um déficit em insumos técnico-científicos que subsidiem a Engenharia de Software no processo de desenvolvimento e avaliação de qualidade de recursos assistivos para autistas. Além disso, do ponto de vista do usuário, algumas iniciativas podem ser tomadas para maximizar a qualidade do software e a experiência desses usuários: indicativo de bateria, limitação e flexibilização de uso, meios de restrição de conteúdo, disponibilização de interface multimídia e multimodal.
Uma Abordagem Metodológica Experimental para Relacionar Emoções e Aprendizagem Utilizando Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais
Authors: Paxiuba Carla Marina , Lima Celson Pantoja
Published: October 2020

Atualmente é amplamente aceito que as emoções influenciam significativamente o processo de aprendizagem. Porém como reconhecer as emoções do aluno e como relacionar os vários tipos de emoções ao aprendizado, permanece uma questão em aberto. Este artigo apresenta um modelo de ensino que utiliza as emoções do aluno para apoiar o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. As emoções dos alunos são obtidas automaticamente por meio de uma ferramenta de software para reconhecimento de expressões faciais. Os dados gerados pela ferramenta servem de embasamento para estabelecimento de correlações individuais e coletivas entre as emoções dos alunos e seu desempenho nas avaliações.Palavras-Chave: Reconhecimento de Emoções; Modelo de Aprendizagem; Sinais Corporais.
Rechtssoziologie
Authors: Baer Susanne
Published: October 2020

Was ist Recht – als soziale Tatsache, als kulturelle Form, als Praxis der Regulierung, als Recht 2.0.? Das Lehrbuch präsentiert die wichtigsten Theorien und Forschungsergebnisse des Faches – erstmals systematisch bezogen auf die Funktionen von Recht, alle Bereiche juristischer Praxis – von der Justiz bis zur Gesetzgebung, jüngste Erkenntnisse empirischer Rechtsforschung und aktuelle Fragestellungen. Neben den Klassikern finden sich insbesondere auch jüngere, kritische Ansätze. Es ist ein Lehr- und Lesebuch für Lehrveranstaltungen, das Studium und zur Vorbereitung von Prüfungen; dazu kommen praktische Hinweise zu Methoden der Forschung und eine Literaturauswahl.
Ad-hoc-Publizität, Wissenszurechnung und die aktienrechtliche Verschwiegenheitspflicht
Authors: Gaßner Timm
Published: October 2020

Das Werk widmet sich dem Verhältnis zwischen dem europäischen Marktmissbrauchsrecht und dem bislang kaum harmonisierten Gesellschaftsrecht. Dabei werden die Auswirkungen der Pflicht zur Ad-hoc-Publizität auf die Wissenszurechnung einerseits und die aktienrechtliche Schweigepflicht andererseits beleuchtet.

Einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet daher auch die multiple Organmitgliedschaft, die zwangsläufig zu einem Wissensransfer zwischen den Gesellschaften führt. Durch die Zugehörigkeit zu den Organen verschiedener Emittenten können auch potenziell publizitätspflichtige Insiderinformationen in andere Unternehmenssphären hineingetragen werden. Gleichzeitig unterliegen solche Informationen regelmäßig dem Gebot des Schweigens.
Bessere Rechtsetzung im europäischen Vergleich
Authors: Schurig Antonia
Published: October 2020

In order to calculate the unintended consequences of their policies, governments conduct comprehensive assessments of the impact of legislation. In doing so, they have independent expert committees monitor them on an increasingly frequent basis. However, in what ways do these committees have an influence in this respect? And what role do they play as policy advisors in terms of dismantling bureaucracy and better legislation? This book provides new insights into the history of the development of the three most experienced supervisory bodies in Europe and the reality of how they conduct themselves. Against the backdrop of various administrative cultures, the book presents the following types of supervisory committees in detail: ‘watchdog’, ‘gatekeeper’ and ‘critical friend’. Its findings intensify the political and academic debate on the performance and efficiency of supervisory bodies.
Der portugiesische Verfassungsgerichtshof (Tribunal Constitucional) in Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Parashu Dimitrios
Published: October 2020

Der portugiesische Verfassungsgerichtshof (Tribunal Constitucional) ist, insbes. im EU-Kontext, einer der interessantesten seiner Art. Sehr bekannt ist seine Judikatur im Kontext von Sparmaßnahmen, welche die portugiesische Regierung infolge internationaler Obligationen einführen musste. Diese Entscheidungen wie auch weitere, welche den weiten thematischen Aktionsradius der Kammer dokumentieren, werden im vorliegenden Werk analysiert, was von einer entsprechenden Behandlung der verfassungs- und einfachgesetzlichen Basis der Kammer flankiert wird.
English for specific purposes in the curriculum of vocational secondary schools
Authors: Rajović Jelena , Spasić-Stojković Milica
Published: October 2020

The curriculum is the starting point for effective teaching planning. The outcome of the teaching process in secondary vocational schools depends, to a large extent, on the conception of the curriculum prescribed by state bodies, which is the case with most countries of the Western Balkans, including Serbia. The paper deals with the issue of English for specific purposes in secondary vocational schools, the representation of English for specific purposes in the curriculum of secondary vocational schools in Kosovo and Metohija, which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. The research describes approaches to curriculum development and planning for English for specific purposes. The analysis of plans and programs for the English language showed that the needs of students of vocational secondary schools of technical orientation in terms of English for specific purposes are not fully met. The research defines the components that are important to include in order to harmonize goals, forms and educational activities that will improve students' knowledge and prepare them for future professional roles.
Усвајање знаковног језика код глуве и наглуве деце предшколског узраста
Authors: Ковачевић Тамара Р. , Исаковић Љубица С.
Published: October 2020

У раду се разматра процес усвајања знаковног језика код глуве и наглуве деце предшколског узраста у контексту резултата лингвистичких и психолингвистичких истраживања. Истакнута је важност знаковног језика и анализиран је његов историјски развој.Указано је на значај критичног периода за усвајање и учење знаковног и говорног језика код глуве и наглуве деце предшколског узраста.Знаковни језик је природан и примаран језички израз глувe деце. Глува и наглува деца изложена знаковном и говорном језику, имају боље разумевање и језичку продукцију него деца која су изложена само говорном језику. Двојезичност, подразумева познавање и редовну употребу знаковног језика, који користи заједница глувих и говорног језика који користи чујућа већина. На предшколском узрасту, потребно је омогућити деци да наставе да усвајају језик која су почела да усвајају у породици (знаковни или говорни). Деца ће најбоље усвојити оба језичка модалитета кроз интеракције са другим флуентним говорницима (oдраслима и децом).
Essayistic selections of Danilo Kiš
Authors: Bečejski Mirjana
Published: October 2020

Evaluation of the essayistic opus of Danilo Kiš and his authorial choices, if we exclude one scientific paper by R. Ivanović, dedicated to the book Po-ethics, has not been the subject of a serious discussion so far, although the critics mostly agreed that he is a world writer. The subject of interest of this paper are the selections of essay texts that Kiš published during his lifetime in the books Po-ethics (1972), Po-ethics, book two (1974) and Homo poeticus (1983). The research focus is on the composition and structure of books - criteria for the selection and arrangement of texts, the logic of their content, the level of authorial self-criticism and representativeness. When making a judgment about the objectivity of Kiš as the compiler of these selections, essays that for various reasons remained outside the covers of the mentioned books are also taken into consideration - their literary-aesthetic, cognitive, cultural and autopoetic value. The composition of the book Anatomy Lesson, although in the genealogical sense it is a book-essay, deserves a special study, and therefore is not the subject of analysis of this paper.