bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-acetylcysteine Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-induced Alveolar Epithelial
Cell Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species Depletion and
Glutathione Replenish In vivo and In vitro
Authors: Zhao Jie , Han Mi , Tian Yange , Zhao Peng , Liu Xuefang , Dong Haoran , Feng Suxiang , Li Jiansheng
Published: November 2023

Background::

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading
cause of death worldwide. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is well known for its antioxidant properties,
along with potential protective effects on COPD. However, the molecular mechanism of NAC
against the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in COPD remains unclear.

Objective::

This study aimed to explore the anti-apoptosis effect of NAC in COPD mice and alveolar
epithelial cells.

Methods::

In the present study, the mouse model of COPD was established by cigarette smoke
(CS), and mouse alveolar epithelial (MLE-12) cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract
(CSE). TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, reverse transcription polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot were performed to evaluate the effects of NAC on
apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, LButhionine-
sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione (GSH) inhibitor, was used to uncover the mechanism
of COPD treatment by NAC.

Results::

We found that NAC pretreatment could attenuate the protein levels of apoptosis, ER
stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes caused by CS in vivo. Meanwhile, CSE could
decrease MLE-12 cell viability, which was prevented by apoptosis inhibitor ZVAD-FMK but not
necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. Pretreatment of MLE-12 cells with NAC increased cellular
GSH levels, inhibited cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation,
and decreased protein level of apoptosis, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes.
Moreover, experiment results showed that BSO could completely reverse the beneficial effects of
NAC.

Conclusion::

Our study confirmed that NAC can attenuate CS-induced AEC apoptosis via alleviating
ROS-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction pathway, and the mechanism was
found to be related to replenishing the cellular GSH content.
Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel and
Pterodon pubescens Benth: Comparative and Phylogenetic Analyses
Authors: Brito Juliana Borges Pereira , Maria Antunes Adriana , dos Santos Braga  Ferreira Ramilla , de Campos Telles Mariana Pires , Pelegrineti Targueta Cíntia , Soares Thannya Nascimento
Published: November 2023

Background:

The species Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens, popularly known as
white sucupira or faveira, are native to the Cerrado biome and have the potential for medicinal use
and reforestation. They are sister species with evolutionary proximity.

Objective:

Considering that the chloroplast genome exhibits a conserved structure and genes, the
analysis of its sequences can contribute to the understanding of evolutionary, phylogenetic, and diversity
issues.

Methods:

The chloroplast genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens were sequenced on the Illumina
MiSeq platform. The genomes were assembled based on the de novo strategy. We performed
the annotation of the genes and the repetitive regions of the genomes. The nucleotide diversity
and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the gene sequences of these species and
others of the Leguminosae family, whose genomes are available in databases.

Results:

The complete chloroplast genome of P. emarginatus is 159,877 bp, and that of P. pubescens
is 159,873 bp. The genomes of both species have circular and quadripartite structures. A total of 127
genes were predicted in both species, including 110 single-copy genes and 17 duplicated genes in the
inverted regions. 141 microsatellite regions were identified in P. emarginatus and 140 in P. pubescens.
The nucleotide diversity estimates of the gene regions in twenty-one species of the Leguminosae family
were 0.062 in LSC, 0.086 in SSC, and 0.036 in IR. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the
proximity between the genera Pterodon and Dipteryx, both from the clade Dipterygeae. Ten pairs of
primers with potential for the development of molecular markers were designed.

Conclusion:

The genetic information obtained on the chloroplast genomes of P. emarginatus and P.
pubescens presented here reinforces the similarity and evolutionary proximity between these species,
with a similarity percentage of 99.8%.
Genome Sequencing and Organization of Three Geographically Different
Isolates of Nucleopolyhedrovirus from the Gypsy Moth Reveal Significant
Genomic Differences
Authors: Gencer Donus , Inan Cihan , Bayramoglu Zeynep , Nalcacioglu Remziye , Yin Feifei , Zhu Zheng , Wang Jun , Hu Zhihong , Pavlik Lillian , Arif Basil , Demirbag Zihni , Demir Ismail
Published: November 2023

Background:

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a worldwide
pest of trees and forests. Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) belongs to the
Baculoviridae family and is an insect virus specific to gypsy moth larvae. In this study, we describe
the complete genome sequences of three geographically diverse isolates, H2 (China), J2 (Japan),
and T3 (Turkey), of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV).

Methods:

The genomes of isolates H2, J2, and T3 were subjected to shotgun pyrosequencing using
Roche 454 FLX and assembled using Roche GS De Novo Assembler. Comparative analysis of all
isolates was performed using bioinformatics methods.

Results:

The genomes of LdMNPV-H2, J2, and T3 were 164,746, 162,249, and 162,614 bp in size,
had GC content of 57.25%, 57.30%, and 57.46%, and contained 162, 165, and 164 putative open
reading frames (ORFs ≥ 150 nt), respectively. Comparison between the reference genome
LdMNPV-5/6 (AF081810) and the genomes of LdMNPV-H2, J2, and T3 revealed differences in
gene content. Compared with LdMNPV-5/6, ORF5, 6, 8, 10, 31, and 67 were absent in LdMNPVH2,
ORF5, 13, and 66 were absent in LdMNPV-J2, and ORF10, 13, 31, and 67 were absent in
LdMNPV-T3. In addition, the gene encoding the mucin-like protein (ORF4) was split into two parts
in isolates H2 and T3 and designated ORF4a and ORF4b. Phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates
H2 and J2 in a different cluster than isolate T3, which is more closely related to the Turkish and
Polish isolates. In addition, H2 was found to be closely related to a South Korean LdMNPV isolate.

Conclusion:

This study provided a more detailed overview of the relationships between different
geographic LdMNPV isolates. The results showed remarkable differences between groups at the
genome level.
Customizable Microfluidic Devices: Progress, Constraints, and Future
Advances
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Obeid Mohammad A. , Mishra Vijay , El-Tanani Mohamed , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: November 2023

The field of microfluidics encompasses the study of fluid behavior within micro-channels
and the development of miniature systems featuring internal compartments or passageways tailored
for fluid control and manipulation. Microfluidic devices capitalize on the unique chemical and physical
properties exhibited by fluids at the microscopic scale. In contrast to their larger counterparts,
microfluidic systems offer a multitude of advantages. Their implementation facilitates the investigation
and utilization of reduced sample, solvent, and reagent volumes, thus yielding decreased operational
expenses. Owing to their compact dimensions, these devices allow for the concurrent execution
of multiple procedures, leading to expedited experimental timelines. Over the past two decades, microfluidics
has undergone remarkable advancements, evolving into a multifaceted discipline. Subfields
such as organ-on-a-chip and paper-based microfluidics have matured into distinct fields of
study. Nonetheless, while scientific progress within the microfluidics realm has been notable, its
translation into autonomous end-user applications remains a frontier to be fully explored. This paper
sets forth the central objective of scrutinizing the present research paradigm, prevailing limitations,
and potential prospects of customizable microfluidic devices. Our inquiry revolves around the latest
strides achieved, prevailing constraints, and conceivable trajectories for adaptable microfluidic technologies.
We meticulously delineate existing iterations of microfluidic systems, elucidate their operational
principles, deliberate upon encountered limitations, and provide a visionary outlook toward the
future trajectory of microfluidic advancements. In summation, this work endeavors to shed light on
the current state of microfluidic systems, underscore their operative intricacies, address incumbent
challenges, and unveil promising pathways that chart the course toward the next frontier of microfluidic
innovation.
Amlodipine Ocular Delivery Restores Ferning Patterns and Reduces
Intensity of Glycosylated Peak of Carrageenan-Induced Tear Fluid: An
In-Silico Flexible Docking with IL-β1
Authors: Nanda Ashirbad , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Gour Mahendra , Swain Sandeep Kumar , Das Debajyoti , Nayak Amit Kumar , Mallick Subrata
Published: November 2023

Background:

The tear ferning test can be an easy clinical procedure for the evaluation and
characterization of the ocular tear film.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine the restoration of tear ferning patterns and
reduction of glycosylation peak after amlodipine application in carrageenan-induced conjunctivitis.

Methods:

At the rabbit’s upper palpebral region, carrageenan was injected for cytokine-mediated
conjunctivitis. Ferning pattern and glycosylation of the tear fluid were characterized using various
instrumental analyses. The effect of amlodipine was also examined after ocular instillation and flexible
docking studies.

Results:

Optical microscopy showed a disrupted ferning of the tear collected from the inflamed eye.
FTIR of the induced tear fluid exhibited peaks within 1000-1200 cm-1, which might be due to the
protein glycosylation absent in the normal tear spectrogram. The glycosylation peak reduced
significantly in the tear sample collected from the amlodipine-treated group. Corresponding energy
dispersive analysis showed the presence of sulphur, indicating protein leakage from the lacrimal
gland in the induced group. The disappearance of sulphur from the treated group indicated its
remedial effect. The flexible docking studies revealed a stronger binding mode of amlodipine with
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The reduction in the intensity of the glycosylated peak and the restoration
offering are probably due to suppression of IL-1β.

Conclusion:

This study may be helpful in obtaining primary information for drug discovery to be
effective against IL-1β and proving tear fluid as a novel diagnostic biomarker.
Alterations of Cerebral Blood Flow and its Connectivity Patterns Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Qiu Mingjuan , Zhou Di , Zhu Haiyan , Shao Yongjia , Li Yan , Wang Yibin , Zong Genlin , Xi Qian
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important index for measuring brain function.
Studies have shown that regional CBF changes inconsistently in mild cognitive impairment
(MCI). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is widely used in the study of CBF in patients with MCI.
However, alterations in CBF connectivity in these patients remain poorly understood.

Methods:

In this study, 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) technology was
used to investigate the changes in regional CBF and CBF connectivity between 32 MCI patients
and 32 healthy controls. The normalized CBF was used to reduce inter-subject variations. Both
group comparisons in the CBF and correlations between CBF alterations and cognitive scores were
assessed. CBF connectivity of brain regions with regional CBF differences was also compared between
groups.

Results:

We found that compared with that in controls, the CBF was significantly reduced in the
left superior parietal gyrus in MCI patients, whereas it was increased in the left precentral gyrus,
right superior temporal gyrus, right putamen, and left supplementary motor area. In patients with
MCI, significant correlations were identified between CBF and neuropsychological scales. Importantly,
MCI patients exhibited CBF disconnections between the left supplementary motor area
and the left superior parietal gyrus.

Conclusion:

This study found that there are not only changes in regional CBF but also in CBF
connectivity patterns in MCI patients compared with controls. These observations may provide a
novel explanation for the neural mechanism underlying the pathophysiology in patients with Alzheimer’s
disease and MCI.
The Effect of Probiotics on Phototherapy for Bilirubin Reduction in Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eghbalian Fatemeh , Sabzehei Mohamad Kazem , Talesh Soroush Taheri , Raeisi Roya , Jenabi Ensiyeh
Published: November 2023

Background:

This interventional study aimed to assess the impact of combining probiotics
with phototherapy compared to using phototherapy alone on bilirubin reduction in term neonates
hospitalized in neonatal wards in a pediatric hospital in western Iran.

Methods:

This clinical trial study included 150 term neonates with a gestational age of 37 to 42
weeks, birth weight of more than 2500 g, and diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. Patients were
equally assigned to two groups of phototherapy (wavelength 420-450 nm) with oral probiotics
(PediLact drop, 10 drops daily) and phototherapy alone through a simple random sampling
method. Serum bilirubin levels (SBL) at the time of intervention, and 24, 48, and 72 hours later,
duration of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, and the need for blood transfusion were compared
in the two groups. We used t-test and repeated analysis of variance to compare continuous
variables. SPSS24 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set as 0.05.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference found between the two groups regarding
basic variables, gender, birth weight, gestational age, maternal age, and neonatal age at hospitalization
time. On the first day of hospitalization, the mean serum bilirubin level (SBL) in the combinatory
therapy group was 15.6 ± 1.7 mg/dl, while in the monotherapy group, it was 15.8 ± 1.6 mg/dl
(p = 0.584). On the second day, the mean SBL in the combinatory therapy group was 11.2 ± 2.2,
whereas in the monotherapy group, it was 12.4 ± 2.1. By the third day, these levels were 7.2 ± 0.9
and 7.8 ± 0.7, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Repeated
analysis of variance testing confirmed a statistically significant decrease in serum bilirubin
levels in both groups. The average length of hospital stay for the combinatory therapy group was
2.4 ± 0.5 days, compared to 2.8 ± 0.6 days in the phototherapy group (p = 0.001). In terms of phototherapy
duration, the combinatory therapy group received treatment for 26.2 ± 9.9 hours, while
the phototherapy group received it for 31.4 ± 10.3 hours (p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study indicate that incorporating oral probiotics into phototherapy
for neonatal jaundice (icterus) treatment is associated with a reduction in phototherapy
duration and hospital stay.
Utility of the Presence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Detecting
COVID-19 in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents: An Analytical
Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sinaei Reza , Iranmanesh Kimia , Pezeshki Sara , Hasannejad Mohammad , Hosseininasab Ali , Parvaresh Saeedeh , Sinaei Roya
Published: November 2023

Background:

Understanding immunoreactivity against SARS-CoV-2 provides a basis
for the pathophysiology of COVID-19 while also providing a means to confirm the disease and reduce
its transmission.

Methods:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1st, 2020 to December
30th, 2022. The patients’ characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR) results, and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (serology testing) were recorded.

Results:

A total of 182 children were included. PCR returned positive in 60.4%, while serology indicated
infection in 86.4% of the participants. Sex as a factor was not significantly associated with
the results of either of the tests. However, seropositive children were older (p < 0.001), while
PCR-positive children were younger (p < 0.01). Those who presented with cough (p < 0.05) or
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) (p < 0.05) had higher seropositivity rates than
those without. In contrast, those who presented with fever (p < 0.001) or seizures (p < 0.01) had
higher chances of having a positive PCR for COVID-19. In individuals suffering from arthralgia,
limping, or arthritis, positive serology was observed in 96.3%, 95.2%, and 96.9%, respectively.
However, positive results from PCR were observed in 67.2%, 67.1%, and 30.3% of the mentioned
individuals, respectively.

Conclusion:

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology is a valuable diagnostic tool in individuals presenting
late with arthralgia, arthritis, limping, MIS-C, or other delayed presentations, especially when
PCR returns negative for the virus.
Determination of Viscosity of Browntop Millet Grain Paste and Whole
Browntop Millet Flour Paste
Authors: Singh Shivani , Suri Sukhneet , Singh Ranjana
Published: November 2023

Background::

Methods of incorporating millets in daily diets are increasingly being explored
to suit the consumer's changing needs. They are consumed mainly in low-middle-income
countries. Data (functional, sensory, physical, and nutritional) to support browntop millet (BTM)
use in various minimally processed/convenience foods is scanty.

Objectives::

This study was carried out to study the water absorption capacity and viscosity of
whole browntop millet (WBTM) grains and WBTM flour at different ratios with water after autoclaving
and blending and to explore the scope of developed BTM pastes, which could be used for
preparing a variety of products.

Methods::

WBTM grain pastes and WBTM flour pastes were prepared in different ratios of water,
such as 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5, 1:5.5, 1:6, 1:6.5.

Results::

It was found that the viscosity of pastes made from WBTM grain ranged from 40911 ±
1469 to 66867 ± 7469 mPa's at 24.2 ± 0. 2 to 24.7 ± 0.1˚C at 84.7 ± 3.3 to 95.3 ± 3.0% torque respectively.
RPM ranged from 11.9 ± 0.2 to 18.6 ± 0.5. The viscosity of WBTM flour pastes
ranged from 33874 ± 2864 to 45792 ± 1664 mPa's at 24.2 ± 0.1 to 24.5 ± 0.3°C at 81.7 ± 1.7 to
89.1 ± 3.0% torque with 10.8 ± 1.2 to 13.3 ± 3.2 RPM respectively.

Conclusion::

The viscosity of WBTM grain pastes was statistically greater than the viscosity of
WBTM flour pastes at a 5% significant level. Such pastes can be explored as convenience foods
(ready to cook/ ready to eat) for use at household and commercial levels to produce products similar
to bread, extruded products such as noodles, pasta, snacks etc.
Production and Evaluation of Peanut Butter Prepared with Peanut Shells
Authors: Elsawy Hayam A. , Alessa Fatima Mohammed , A. El-Kholany Ebtehal
Published: November 2023

Background:

Innovative application of processing is an emerging trend in food production.

Objective:

The present study was conducted to produce peanut butter and evaluate the physical,
chemical, and sensory properties of the product, to which the outer shells of peanuts were added
in different proportions (5, 10, 15%) to reduce the calories of the product by reducing the fat content
in the peanut butter as well as benefiting from the shells as a residue secondary to the peanut
seeds.

Methods:

The chemical composition of the prepared sample, along with bioactive determination
Using HPLC, microbial testing, Aflatoxin content, and sensory evaluation, have been done for the
prepared peanut butter using standard methods.

Results:

The chemical composition of the peanut outer shell powder was characterized by the
highest value of fiber (46.6%), followed by total carbohydrates and protein (23.25%, (12.54%) respectively.
The produced peanut butter showed that the total carbohydrate resulted in the highest
value (23.25%), followed by fat (42.21) and protein (28.12%). Substitution at 5, 10, and 15%
peanut outer shell resulted in a non-significant difference concerning protein. At the same time,
the lipid content showed a significant decrease compared to the control. A similar trend was found
concerning total carbohydrate-to-fat content. Total fiber increased to 1.5 & 2.08, and 2.6 times as
high as the content parallel to dietary fiber, while β-Carotene decreased significantly due to the
substitution level. The substitution level decreased energy (cal) by about 203.58, 730.093, 562.86,
545.19, and 526.66, respectively, compared with the control. A slight increase was found in the
mineral content due to the substitution, except for the calcium increases at 15%. DPPH and ABTS%
increased in parallel with the substitution level, which was in line with total phenols and
flavonoids. Flavonoid fraction resulted in nariagin (94.72 QE), the major flavonoid, followed by
lutein (82.23 QE). Meanwhile, phenolic compounds were described with pyrogallol (68.31 GAE)
(as the main compound, followed by chlorogenic (780.76 GAE). The fatty acid composition
showed that oleic and linoleic were predominant in all treatments. Bacterial, yeast, and mold
counts appeared after three months of storage (20 ± 2°C). Aflatoxin was not detectable in the sample
of the peanut outer shells and peanut butter samples. Sensory characteristics showed approximately
the same score for all treatments except that of 15% substitution, which resulted in a significant
decrease in all parameters compared with the control.

Conclusion:

This study reported that 5%, followed by 10% of peanut outer shells, were the most
suitable levels for making peanut butter, improving the nutritional value by increasing the percentage
of fiber and antioxidants in peanut shells, leading to better quality products and shelf life.
Computer-aided Design of Wide-spectrum Coronavirus Helicase NSP13 Cage Inhibitors: A Molecular Modelling Approach
Authors: Shiryaev Vadim , Klimochkin Yuri
Published: November 2023

Background:

The coronavirus helicase NSP13 plays a critical role in its life cycle.
The found NSP13 inhibitors have been tested only in vitro but they definitely have the potential
to become antiviral drugs. Thus, the search for NSP13 inhibitors is of great importance.

Objective:

The goal of the present work was to develop a general approach to the design of
ligands of coronaviral NSP13 helicase and to propose on its basis potential inhibitors.

Methods:

The structure of the NSP13 protein was refined by molecular dynamics and the cavity,
responsible for RNA binding, was chosen as the inhibitor binding site. The potential inhibitor
structures were identified by molecular docking and their binding was verified by molecular
dynamics simulation.

Results:

A number of potential NSP13 inhibitors were identified and the binding modes and
probable mechanism of action of potential inhibitors was clarified.

Conclusion:

Using the molecular dynamics and molecular docking techniques, we have refined
the structure of the coronavirus NSP13 helicase, a number of potential inhibitors, containing
cage fragment were proposed and their probable mechanism of action was clarified. The proposed
approach is also suitable for the design of ligands interacting with other viral helicases.
Cellular and DNA Toxicity Study of Triphenyltin Ethyl Phenyl Dithiocarbamate and Triphenyltin Butyl Phenyl Dithiocarbamate on K562, Leukemia Cell Line
Authors: Hamid Asmah , Rajab Nor Fadilah , Charmagne Yip , Awang Normah , Jufri Nurul Farhana , Rasli Nur Rasyiqin
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Continuous research for new effective drugs to treat cancer has improved our understanding on the mechanism of action of these drugs and paved new potential for their application in cancer treatments. In this study, organotin compounds known as triphenyltin ethyl phenyl dithiocarbamate and triphenyltin butyl phenyl dithiocarbamate were investigated for their toxicity on leukemia cell line (K562) and non-cancerous cell line (Chang liver cell and lung fibroblast, V79 cell).

Methods:

MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of both compounds toward the cells after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure or treatment. The alkaline comet assay was conducted to determine the DNA damage on K562 cells after been exposed to both compounds for 30, 60 and 90 minutes.

Results:

The IC50 values obtained from K562 cells ranged from 0.01 to 0.30 μM, whereas for both Chang liver cell and lung fibroblast V79 cell, the values ranged from 0.10 to 0.40 μM. For genotoxicity evaluation, the percentage of damaged DNA is measured as an average of tail moment, and was found to be within 1.20 to 2.20 A.U while the percentage of DNA intensity ranging from 1.50 to 3.50% indicating no genotoxic effects.

Conclusion:

Both compounds are cytotoxic toward leukemia cells and non-cancerous cells but do not exert their genotoxic effects towards leukemia cell.
Review Deciphering the Anticancer Efficacy of Resveratrol and their
Associated Mechanisms in Human Carcinoma
Authors: Arif Mohd , Pandey Pratibha , Khan Fahad
Published: November 2023

The scientific world has recently shown wider attention to elucidating the anticancerous
potential of numerous plant-based bioactive compounds. Many research studies have suggested
that consuming foods high in polyphenols, which are present in large amounts in grains,
legumes, vegetables, and fruits, may delay the onset of various illnesses, including cancer.
Normal cells with genetic abnormalities begin the meticulously organized path leading to cancer,
which causes the cells to constantly multiply, colonize, and metastasize to other organs like
the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene and non-flavonoid
polyphenol, a phytoestrogen with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticancer
properties. Resveratrol makes cancer cells more susceptible to common chemotherapeutic
treatments by reversing multidrug resistance in cancer cells. This is especially true when
combined with clinically used medications. Several new resveratrol analogs with enhanced anticancer
effectiveness, absorption, and pharmacokinetic profile have been discovered. The present
emphasis of this review is the modulation of intracellular molecular targets by resveratrol in
vivo and in vitro in various malignancies. This review would help future researchers develop a
potent lead candidate for efficiently managing human cancers.
Current Understanding, Motivations, and Barriers Towards Implementing
Sustainable Initiatives in the Hospitality Industry in the Age of
Automation and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bihari Singh Alok , Gaurav Gaurav , Sarkar Prabir , Sharan Dangayach Govind , Lal  Meena Makkhan
Published: November 2023

Background::

Sustainability concerns are rapidly being acknowledged as a key concern
for hospitality sectors worldwide. Sustainable initiatives immediately contribute to improved organizational
performance in terms of utility consumption, waste management, and regulatory
compliance, resulting in cost-effectiveness and competitive advantage through distinctiveness.

Objective::

The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize the motivations, indicators, and
barriers towards applications of sustainable initiatives and modern technologies in the hospitality
industry using the existing literature to develop a current understanding of the subject and know
the way the current industry is thinking about it.

Method::

This study is a combination of systematic and bibliometric review, where the systematic
review was based on selected articles from reputed journal databases, and the bibliometric review
was conducted using VOS viewer and web of science database for a period of 20 years (2002-
2022) Seven research questions were framed and answered for the systematic review.

Result::

By describing the motivations, barriers, and impacts of implementing sustainability initiatives
and cutting-edge technologies like AI and machine learning in the hospitality sector, the
study helps practitioners and academics understand its present state for robust research. The current
condition of such implantations in the hospitality sector is also discussed.

Conclusion::

This study adds value by shedding light on the perspective of sustainability in the
hospitality industry by considering the recommendations and practical advice for hotel management
suggested in the existing literature about the application of current sustainability innovations
and effective sustainability initiatives in hotel management.
Review of Object Detection Algorithms for Sonar Images based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhu Hanhao , Song Weihua , Wang Jiahui , Chai Zhigang , Hong Shaohua
Published: November 2023

Background:

Deep learning object detection algorithm is widely used in the field of
image classification and has become an indispensable part. With the improvement of image classification accuracy, sonar image target detection algorithm based on deep learning has gradually
become the focus of more and more people's research.

Objective:

This article aims to provide a summary and analysis of deep learning-based sonar image object detection algorithms, with the hope of offering insights for future research in the field
of sonar target detection technology.

Method:

This paper systematically summarizes sonar image target detection algorithms based on
deep learning. According to the method principle, the existing deep learning target detection algorithms are divided into four categories: target detection algorithm based on candidate region,
deep target detection method based on regression, Anchor Free deep learning target detection algorithm, and search-based target detection and recognition algorithm. Then, the performance of
algorithms based on COCO data sets is compared, and the standard sonar data sets and formats
are introduced.

Results:

The sonar image object detection algorithm based on deep learning has made significant
progress. The combination of deep learning and object detection methods has been applied to sonar images, resulting in the emergence of excellent performing algorithms. However, most algorithms are still in the developmental stage and face challenges in practical applications. Subsequently, several invention patents have been developed based on the aforementioned algorithms,
including a feature extraction method for side-scan sonar images based on fully convolutional
neural networks, an underwater sonar image target detection method based on improved
YOLOv3-tiny, and more.

Conclusion:

Sonar image object detection technology based on deep learning has a wide range of
application needs but also faces many difficulties and challenges, we still need to continue to
learn and explore in future research, and we believe that we can make greater breakthroughs in
the future.
Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Synthesis of Different Peptide Bonds:
Recent Advancements
Authors: Mukhia Munna , Pradhan Kiran , Biswas Kinkar
Published: November 2023

Peptides are important as drugs and biologically active molecules. The synthesis of pep-tides has gathered considerable attention in recent years due to their various attractive properties. Conventional peptide synthesis is tedious and requires hazardous reagents and solvents. Micro-wave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis has several advantages compared with conventional batch synthesis. Herein, we have discussed various microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide bond synthesis methods developed over the last five years. Peptides are categorized into four groups - small, medium, large, and cyclic based on their length and structural characteristics to make it easier to understand. This review article also discusses the scope and limitations of microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Effectiveness of a Game-Based Mobile App for Educating Intensive Critical Care Specialist Nurses in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Pipeline Preflushing: Quasi-Experimental Trial
Authors: Wang Zihan , Gu Ruting , Wang Jingyuan , Gai Yubiao , Lin Hui , Zhang Yan , Li Qianqian , Sun Tong , Wei Lili
Published: November 2023

Background

In the context of training specialist nurses and nursing education, a game-based mobile app was used as a simulation to teach intensive critical care specialist nurses the knowledge and skills of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) pipeline preflushing.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a game-based mobile app on improving ECMO pipeline preflushing skills in intensive critical care specialist nurses.

Methods

A total of 86 intensive critical care specialist nurses who were learning ECMO for the first time were included in this study. The nurses were divided into 2 groups: a control group (n=43) and an experimental group (n=43). Participants in the experimental group used a game-based mobile app for simulation exercises; the control group received no additional intervention. All participants took a theoretical test and a skill operation test at the beginning of the study and 1 week later. The differences in scores between the 2 groups were compared, and the learning curve of the experimental group was observed.

Results

The final theoretical test scores (88.44 and 85.02) and skill operation test scores (89.42 and 86.33) of the experimental group and control group, respectively, were significantly higher than those of the initial tests (theoretical test scores: 75.88 and 74.42; skill operation test scores: 75.44 and 75.93; all P<.001). The scores of the final theoretical test (88.44) and the final skill operation test (89.42) in the experimental group were higher than the scores of the control group (85.02; P<.001 and 86.33; P<.001, respectively). Learning curve analysis showed that the experimental group needed an average of 17 operations to master the skill.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a game-based mobile app may be more effective for intensive critical care specialist nurses in ECMO pipeline preflushing education than traditional Chinese lecture-practice education.
Views on the Functionality and Use of the PeerConnect App Among Public Safety Personnel: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Foley Gillian , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: November 2023

Background

Research supports that public safety personnel (PSP) are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events and occupational stress, which can compromise their well-being. To help address PSP well-being and mental health, peer support is increasingly being adopted (and developed) in PSP organizations. Peer support apps have been developed to connect the peer and peer supporter anonymously and confidentially, but little is known about their effectiveness, utility, and uptake.

Objective

We designed this study to evaluate the functionality and use of the PeerConnect app, which is a vehicle for receiving and administering peer support. The app connects peers but also provides information (eg, mental health screening tools, newsfeed) to users; thus, we wanted to understand why PSP adopted or did not adopt the app and the app’s perceived utility. Our intention was to determine if the app served the purpose of connectivity for PSP organizations implementing peer support.

Methods

A sample of PSP (N=23) participated in an interview about why they used or did not use the app. We first surveyed participants across PSP organizations in Ontario, Canada, and at the end of the survey invited participants to participate in a follow-up interview. Of the 23 PSP interviewed, 16 were PeerConnect users and 7 were nonusers. After transcribing all audio recordings of the interviews, we used an emergent theme approach to analyze themes within and across responses.

Results

PSP largely viewed PeerConnect positively, with the Connect feature being most popular (this feature facilitated peer support), followed by the Newsfeed and Resources. App users appreciated the convenience of the app and felt the app helped reduce the stigma around peer support use and pressure on peer supporters while raising awareness of wellness. PSP who did not use the app attributed their nonuse to disinterest or uncertainty about the need for a peer support app and the web-based nature of the app. To increase app adoption, participants recommended increased communication and promotion of the app by the services and continued efforts to combat mental health stigma.

Conclusions

We provide contextual information about a peer support app’s functionality and use. Our findings demonstrate that PSP are open to the use of mental health and peer support apps, but more education is required to reduce mental health stigma. Future research should continue to evaluate peer support apps for PSP to inform their design and ensure they are fulfilling their purpose.
Patient Acceptability of Symptom Screening and Patient Education Using a Chatbot for Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases: Survey Study
Authors: Tan Tze Chin , Roslan Nur Emillia Binte , Li James Weiquan , Zou Xinying , Chen Xiangmei ,   Ratnasari, Santosa Anindita
Published: November 2023

Background

Chatbots have the potential to enhance health care interaction, satisfaction, and service delivery. However, data regarding their acceptance across diverse patient populations are limited. In-depth studies on the reception of chatbots by patients with chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases are lacking, although such studies are vital for facilitating the effective integration of chatbots in rheumatology care.

Objective

We aim to assess patient perceptions and acceptance of a chatbot designed for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs).

Methods

We administered a comprehensive survey in an outpatient setting at a top-tier rheumatology referral center. The target cohort included patients who interacted with a chatbot explicitly tailored to facilitate diagnosis and obtain information on AIIRDs. Following the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework, the survey was designed to gauge the effectiveness, user acceptability, and implementation of the chatbot.

Results

Between June and October 2022, we received survey responses from 200 patients, with an equal number of 100 initial consultations and 100 follow-up (FU) visits. The mean scores on a 5-point acceptability scale ranged from 4.01 (SD 0.63) to 4.41 (SD 0.54), indicating consistently high ratings across the different aspects of chatbot performance. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that having a FU visit was significantly associated with a greater willingness to reuse the chatbot for symptom determination (P=.01). Further, patients’ comfort with chatbot diagnosis increased significantly after meeting physicians (P<.001). We observed no significant differences in chatbot acceptance according to sex, education level, or diagnosis category.

Conclusions

This study underscores that chatbots tailored to AIIRDs have a favorable reception. The inclination of FU patients to engage with the chatbot signifies the possible influence of past clinical encounters and physician affirmation on its use. Although further exploration is required to refine their integration, the prevalent positive perceptions suggest that chatbots have the potential to strengthen the bridge between patients and health care providers, thus enhancing the delivery of rheumatology care to various cohorts.
Views on the Functionality and Use of the PeerConnect App Among Public Safety Personnel: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Foley Gillian , Ricciardelli Rosemary
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Research supports that public safety personnel (PSP) are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events and occupational stress, which can compromise their well-being. To help address PSP well-being and mental health, peer support is increasingly being adopted (and developed) in PSP organizations. Peer support apps have been developed to connect the peer and peer supporter anonymously and confidentially, but little is known about their effectiveness, utility, and uptake.

OBJECTIVE

We designed this study to evaluate the functionality and use of the PeerConnect app, which is a vehicle for receiving and administering peer support. The app connects peers but also provides information (eg, mental health screening tools, newsfeed) to users; thus, we wanted to understand why PSP adopted or did not adopt the app and the app’s perceived utility. Our intention was to determine if the app served the purpose of connectivity for PSP organizations implementing peer support.

METHODS

A sample of PSP (N=23) participated in an interview about why they used or did not use the app. We first surveyed participants across PSP organizations in Ontario, Canada, and at the end of the survey invited participants to participate in a follow-up interview. Of the 23 PSP interviewed, 16 were PeerConnect users and 7 were nonusers. After transcribing all audio recordings of the interviews, we used an emergent theme approach to analyze themes within and across responses.

RESULTS

PSP largely viewed PeerConnect positively, with the Connect feature being most popular (this feature facilitated peer support), followed by the Newsfeed and Resources. App users appreciated the convenience of the app and felt the app helped reduce the stigma around peer support use and pressure on peer supporters while raising awareness of wellness. PSP who did not use the app attributed their nonuse to disinterest or uncertainty about the need for a peer support app and the web-based nature of the app. To increase app adoption, participants recommended increased communication and promotion of the app by the services and continued efforts to combat mental health stigma.

CONCLUSIONS

We provide contextual information about a peer support app’s functionality and use. Our findings demonstrate that PSP are open to the use of mental health and peer support apps, but more education is required to reduce mental health stigma. Future research should continue to evaluate peer support apps for PSP to inform their design and ensure they are fulfilling their purpose.

CLINICALTRIAL
Influence of Disease-Related Stigma on Patients’ Decisions to Upload Medical Reports to the German Electronic Health Record: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: von Kalckreuth Niklas , Feufel Markus A
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The rollout of the electronic health record (EHR) represents a central component of the digital transformation of the German health care system. Although the EHR promises more effective, safer, and faster treatment of patients from a systems perspective, the successful implementation of the EHR largely depends on the patient. In a recent survey, 3 out of 4 Germans stated that they intend to use the EHR, whereas other studies show that the intention to use a technology is not a reliable and sufficient predictor of actual use.

OBJECTIVE

Controlling for patients’ intention to use the EHR, we investigated whether disease-specific risk perceptions related to the time course of the disease and disease-related stigma explain the additional variance in patients’ decisions to upload medical reports to the EHR.

METHODS

In an online user study, 241 German participants were asked to interact with a randomly assigned medical report that varied systematically in terms of disease-related stigma (high vs low) and disease time course (acute vs chronic) and to decide whether to upload it to the EHR.

RESULTS

Disease-related stigma (odds ratio 0.154, P<.001) offset the generally positive relationship between intention to use and the upload decision (odds ratio 2.628, P<.001), whereas the disease time course showed no effect.

CONCLUSIONS

Even if patients generally intend to use the EHR, risk perceptions such as those related to diseases associated with social stigma may deter people from uploading related medical reports to the EHR. To ensure the reliable use of this key technology in a digitalized health care system, transparent and easy-to-comprehend information about the safety standards of the EHR are warranted across the board, even for populations that are generally in favor of using the EHR.
Utilizing Electronic Immunization Registry in Indonesia: An Evaluation Study of Aplikasi Sehat IndonesiaKu (ASIK) (Preprint)
Authors: Aisyah Dewi Nur , Utami Astri , Rahman Fauziah Mauly , Adriani Nathasya Humaira , Fitransyah Fiqi , Endryantoro M. Thoriqul Aziz , Hutapea Prima Yosephine , Tandy Getrudis , Manikam Logan , Kozlakidis Zisis
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Electronic immunization registries (EIR) are increasingly used in low- and middle-income countries. In 2022, Indonesia's Ministry of Health introduced its first electronic immunization registry, named Aplikasi Sehat Indonesiaku (ASIK), as part of a comprehensive nationwide immunization program. This marked a conversion of traditional paper-based immunization reports into digital routine records encompassing a network of 10,000 primary health centres (Puskesmas).

OBJECTIVE

This paper provides an overview of the utilization of ASIK as the first electronic immunization system registry in Indonesia. It describes the coverage of the nationwide immunization program (BIAN) using ASIK data, and assesses the implementation challenges associated with the adoption of the electronic immunization registry in the context of Indonesia.

METHODS

Data was collected from primary care health workers’ submitted reports using ASIK. The data was reported in real-time, analyzed and presented using a structured dashboard. Data on ASIK utilization was collected from the ASIK website. A qualitative assessment was conducted by a cross-sectional survey between September and October 2022. A set of questionnaires was used to obtain data from participants to collect feedback from ASIK users.

RESULTS

A total of 9,708 Puskesmas (93.5%), 6,478 subdistricts (93.5%), and 501 District/Cities (97.4%) in 34 provinces reported immunization data using ASIK. With over 21 million data recorded, the national coverage for immunization campaigns for measles rubella, oral polio vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, and Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B and Hib vaccine were 50.17%, 36.17%, 30.70%, and 40.23% respectively. The qualitative assessment showed generally users have a good understanding of ASIK as the EIR (80.35%), 61.66% users suggested the UI/UX was overall good but still can be improved, 54.03% of users suggested that the ASIK variable fit with their needs yet can be improved further, while 59.06% users observed sporadic system interference. Challenges faced during implementation of ASIK include heavy workload burden of health workers, inadequate access to internet at some places, system integration and readiness, and existence of dual reporting using paper-based format.

CONCLUSIONS

The electronic immunization registry is beneficial and helpful to monitoring vaccination coverage. Implementation and adoption of ASIK as Indonesia’s first electronic immunization registry still faces challenges related to human resource and digital infrastructure as the country transitions from paper-based report to electronic/digital immunization report. Continuous improvement, collaboration, and monitoring efforts are crucial to encourage the use of the electronic immunization registry in Indonesia.