bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectricity of lead-free hybrid perovskite monolayer (ATHP)2XY4 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = Cl, Br, I): Cross-scale calculation and simulation
Authors: Qiu Jian , Li Dongling , Wen Quan
Published: February 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric material is the core part of all kinds of micro-piezoelectric devices (piezoelectric energy harvesters, piezoelectric sensors, etc.). Based on the first principle, this paper theoretically predicts a kind of organic–inorganic lead-free hybrid perovskite monolayer (ATHP)2XY4 (X = Ge, Sn; Y = Cl, Br, I) with a large out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient (d31). Combined with the finite element simulation, it shows excellent performance in the piezoelectric energy harvester. Through the first-principles theoretical calculation, the density, elastic tensor, piezoelectric stress tensor, and dielectric coefficient of the (ATHP)2XY4 monolayer can be obtained. The thermodynamic stability and mechanical stability of the materials are judged by ab initio molecular dynamics and stress–strain relationship analysis, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient of the material is calculated, in which the d31 of (ATHP)2SnBr4 is the largest (d31 = 35.04 pm/V), which is still 7 times that of the bulk AlN and at least one order of magnitude larger than that of other 2D materials. The finite element simulation results of a simple piezoelectric beam show that the voltage output of the piezoelectric beam reaches 27.79 V. Our research shows that lead-free hybrid perovskite monolayer (ATHP)2XY4 has strong competitiveness in the application of environment-friendly and bio-friendly micro-piezoelectric devices. In addition, the cross-scale simulation method from the first principles to the finite element method is of great significance for the optimization of micro-piezoelectric devices.
Electron acoustic counterpropagating multi-solitons and rogue waves collision in an unmagnetized plasma in the presence of critical density ratios
Authors: Hafez M. G. , Akter Shahrina , Sakthivel R.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the nonlinear propagation of electrostatic collisional among multi-solitons around the critical values along with their corresponding phase shifts and collision between two rouge waves propagating toward each other is studied in an unmagnetized plasma environment. Using the concept of Hirota’s bilinear method, the useful forms of multi-solitons solutions of the coupled modified Korteweg–de Vries equations (mKdVEs) are determined. Furthermore, the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs) are derived from mKdVEs using the appropriate starching coordinates. The analytic solutions of different orders for the coupled NLSEs are also presented. The effects of the parameters related to the plasma environment on the electron acoustic scattered solitons, phase shifts and scattered rouge waves are analyzed. The proposed results provide the theoretical guidance to understand the propagation characteristics of collisional solitons, and their phase shifts around the critical values and collisional rouge waves in the modulated ranges.
A secure SoC architecture design with dual DMA controllers
Authors: Wang Wei , He Cong , Shi Jiaqi
Published: February 2024

With the continuous advancement of System-on-Chip (SoC) technologies, the burgeoning data volumes emphasize the paramount importance of safeguarding data security and integrity. In this study, by leveraging Ascon in conjunction with enhancements to the SHA-1 algorithm, two secure Direct Memory Access (DMA) controllers are designed to facilitate data encryption and comparison, respectively, culminating in the proposal of an SoC architecture featuring dual DMA controllers. Simulation outcomes demonstrate the system’s ability to achieve a maximum clock frequency of 120 MHz, offering a throughput rate of up to 3.2 GB/s. The multi-master multi-slave AHB bus matrix within the system operates impeccably, ensuring smooth functionality. Furthermore, the two DMA controllers exhibit independent operation, featuring flexible start-stop capabilities. Notably, they operate harmoniously without conflicts, optimizing the area utilization while adhering to a low power consumption design methodology. The results unequivocally affirm the feasibility of designing a secure SoC integrated with two DMA controllers. This hardware-based approach effectively ensures data security, showcasing promising prospects for real-world applications.
Dog talk
Authors: Mitchell Robert W.
Published: February 2024

Canid and human barks and growls were examined in videotapes of 24 humans (Homo sapiens) and 24
dogs (Canis familiaris) playing with familiar and unfamiliar cross-species play partners. Barks and growls were
exhibited by 9 humans and 9 dogs. Dogs barked and (less often) growled most frequently when being frustrated by humans and/or
engaged in competitive games, and less often when being chased or inviting chase, and being instigated or captured. Dogs never
growled when playing with an unfamiliar human, and humans did so rarely when playing with an unfamiliar dog. Humans growled and
(less often) barked most frequently when chasing and capturing the dog, less often when engaging in competitive games, being
frustrated by the dog, and/or instigating the dog, and rarely when showing or throwing an object. Dog barks were most often
requests for the human to make an object available to the dog. Dog growls were often pretend threats when competing for an object
or being frustrated by the human’s actions. Human barks and growls were typically pretend threats, and were sometimes used to
emphasize simultaneous behaviors. Human barks and growls allow humans to connect with their canid partner.
Water, lava, and wind
Authors: Peres S. Camille , Mehta Ranjana K. , Murphy Robin R.
Published: February 2024

Small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) are used more regularly and widely in disaster response. Like other personnel
involved in disaster response, the sUAS pilots work for long periods, experience extreme stress and fatigue. They often arrive at
the disaster fatigued (due to long drives to get there). However, unlike other personnel in this domain, there is little research
on the effects of fatigue on sUAS pilots. Our experiences with a series of three real-world deployments highlight the challenges
of conducting human factors research during disaster response and recovery. We specifically present lessons learned from having
participant researchers embedded in three disasters with the sUAS pilot teams. These lessons result in a set of feasible and
non-interruptive methods and metrics for conducting human factors research during field events. Preliminary results and
recommended next steps are presented.
A century on diameter measurement techniques in cylindrical structures
Authors: Cardoso Victor H R , Caldas Paulo , Giraldi Maria Thereza Rocco , Cernadas Maria Luiza , Fernandes Cindy S , Frazão Orlando , Costa João C W A , Santos José Luís
Published: February 2024

This work addresses the historical development of techniques and methodologies oriented to the measurement of the internal diameter of transparent tubes since the original contributions of Anderson and Barr published in 1923 in the first issue of Measurement Science and Technology. The progresses on this field are summarized and highlighted the emergence and significance of the measurement approaches supported by the optical fiber.
Unitarization of pseudo-unitary quantum circuits in the S-matrix framework
Authors: Lima Dennis , Al-Kuwari Saif
Published: February 2024

Pseudo-unitary circuits are recurring in both S-matrix theory and analysis of No-Go theorems. We propose a matrix and diagrammatic representation for the operation that maps S-matrices to T-matrices and, consequently, a unitary group to a pseudo-unitary one. We call this operation ‘partial inversion’ and show its diagrammatic representation in terms of permutations. We find the expressions for the deformed metrics and deformed dot products that preserve physical constraints after partial inversion. Subsequently, we define a special set that allows for the simplification of expressions containing infinities in matrix inversion. Finally, we propose a renormalized-growth algorithm for the T-matrix as a possible application. The outcomes of our study expand the methodological toolbox needed to build a family of pseudo-unitary and inter-pseudo-unitary circuits with full diagrammatic representation in three dimensions, so that they can be used to exploit pseudo-unitary flexibilization of unitary No-Go theorems and renormalized circuits of large scattering lattices.
Nonequilibrium spinor exciton-polariton condensates in a magnetic field
Authors: Chen Ting-Wei , Cheng Szu-Cheng
Published: February 2024

A complete-nonequilibrium model is proposed to investigate spinor exciton-polariton condensates (SEPCs) in a magnetic field. Due to the Zeeman splitting (ZS), the loss rates of two spin components in a magnetic field are distinct and affected by the magnetic field. Therefore, the individual spin component of a SEPC has its own threshold pump power. We investigate the ZS and degree of circular polarization of the SEPC as a function of the excitation power and magnetic field. Above both spin-dependent threshold pump powers, we find an increasing degree of circular polarization with the magnetic field and a quenching of the ZS below a critical strength of the magnetic field. The ZS of a SEPC shows a reverse sign and its magnitude is increasing significantly compared to the uncondensed exciton-polartion ZS. The effect of a magnetic field on excitation spectra of SEPCs are also investigated. We find that the excitation dispersions are Bogoliubov excitations if the pump power is low. The nonequilibrium fluctuations in a SEPC are reduced when a magnetic field is applied.
Temperature evolution of transverse magnetoresistance due to forming the topological insulator state in single-crystalline n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3
Authors: Ivanov O , Yaprintsev M , Yaprintseva E , Nickulicheva T , Vasil’ev A
Published: February 2024

Specific features in magnetotransport properties due to gradual forming the topological insulator state in sample of single-crystalline n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 during its cooling were analyzed. The electrical resistivity of sample, measured from 2 K to 240 K, corresponds to partially degenerate semiconductor and dominantly depends on T-effect on electron mobility. The moblity is governed by electron–phonon scattering above T

C
= 50 K, whereas below T

C
electron–electron scattering is dominant scattering mechanism. With increasing temperature, electron content linearly increases above T

C
, whereas below T

C
electron content is very weakly T-dependent. Transverse magnetoresistance of sample is positive and strongly T-dependent. Two features, which are characteristic for topological insulators, were found in the magnetoresistance. First feature is a crossover from quadratic to linear magnetoresistance, observed within T

C
< T < 240 K range. Crossover field B

C
decreases with decreasing temperature. Linear magnetoresistace is quantum one that can be due to presence of Dirac fermions, which occupy the lowest Landau level under magnetic field. Second feature is another crossover from combined quadratic-linear to dip-shaped magnetoresistrance, observed at T ≤ T

C
. Dip-shaped magnetoresistrance is related to weak antilocalization (WAL) phenomenon. The WAL phenomenon and the electron–electron scattering process coexist at the same temperature range. Dip-shaped magnetoresistrance was analysed by in frames of the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model, developed for systems with strong spin–orbit coupling. At cooling below ∼ 30 K, the effective dephasing length rapidly increases that is dominantly related to the electron–electron scattering process, too. The parameter α, characterizing the number of conduction channels, contributing to electron transport, is close to 0.5. This value α corresponds to a single topologically non-trivial conduction channel.
Evolution of multi-solitons and interaction behaviors of lump to a (2+1) dimensional generalized shallow water wave model
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ming , Wei Tan , Huang Jing-Jie
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the trajectory equations of 1-lump before and after collision with high-order solitons and the degradation of some novel breather waves are studied in the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation(gCBS). Firstly, we derive N-solitons for the gCBS equation by the Hirota bilinear form. With the help of N-solitons, we obtain M-lump as well as high-order breather based on the long-wave limit technique and the parametric conjugate method. Secondly, we construct many hybrid waves, such as the hybrid wave between breather and lump. Thirdly, the interaction phenomenon of lump-N-solitons(N → ∞) is investigated, and the theory of its existence is given and proved. Besides, the different degeneracies of double and single breather are discussed. Finally, we also present a large number of two-dimensional and three-dimensional images to better illustrate these nonlinear evolutionary behaviors.
Radiation shielding effectiveness, structural, and mechanical properties of HDPE/B4C composites reinforced with Fe2O3-Al2O3-Al-Fe fillers
Authors: Reda A M , Ahmed R M , Alsawah M A , El-Sabbagh Salwa H , El Abd A , Kansouh W A
Published: February 2024

The fast neutron and gamma-ray attenuation properties of pure high-density polyethylene and its composites were investigated, including 90 HDPE/10 B4C (wt%) and 60 HDPE/10 B4C/30X (wt%) (Where X represents iron oxide, aluminum oxide, iron, and aluminum). The examined samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, and their mechanical properties were assessed. The composite of 60 HDPE/10 B4C/30 α-Fe2O3 (wt%) shows better mechanical properties than those of other composites under investigation. 239Pu–Be was used as a source of fast neutrons with a neutron yield of 1.7 × 106 n s−1 and was detected by the Stilbene scintillator. Neutron removal cross-section with dependent parameters, the mean free path and half-value layer of the prepared composites, were calculated. Furthermore, the gamma-ray transmission through the produced composites has been examined. The composite containing 30% iron oxide exhibited superior shielding characteristics for neutrons and gamma rays compared to the other analyzed samples. The computed values of the shielding characteristics indicate that the produced composites are highly effective for shielding fast neutrons and gamma rays in radiation facilities.
Study on the spectra of Tieguanyin tea and ash by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jingwen , Yao Lixing , Shen Li , Wang Cong
Published: February 2024

Tea ash is the inorganic residue of tea after a series of chemical and physical reactions under high temperature environment. The compositions of tea and ash are very different. In addition, the compositions of ash are closely related to the quality of tea. In this work, the compositions of Tieguanyin tea and ash were analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the differences of elements in tea and ash were analyzed qualitatively. Tea contains the main elements, such as Ca, Na, Mg, and K, trace elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Sr, and other metallic elements Al, Li and Ba. Comparing the atomic and ionic lines in LIBS spectra of tea and ash, it was found that the spectral line intensities of metallic elements, i.e. Ca, Al, Mn, Mg, K, Na, Li, in the ash were significantly enhanced. In addition, there were CN, C2 and CaO molecular lines in the LIBS spectra of tea, but only CaO free radical was detected in the LIBS spectra of ash. The reason of the differences between the molecular lines of LIBS spectra of tea and ash was analyzed. This work is to determine the material compositions of tea and ash, which provides a basic foundation for the quality judgment of tea and a new idea for the enrichment detection of metallic elements.
Spatially varying optical characteristics in quantum-dot molecules through interdot tunneling
Authors: Saleh R O , Mohammed M S , Askar S , Darwish N S A , Kadhum W R , Shaghnab M L , Ibrahim A A , Kumar A , Elawady A , Omran A A
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we investigate the spatially dependent absorption characteristics in structurally asymmetric quantum-dot molecules (QDMs), characterized by four energy levels interacting with position-dependent beams and varying system parameters. We explore the effects of detuning, standing wave intensity, and the relative phase of applied fields on the absorption patterns within the medium. A diverse array of patterns emerges, including cross-like structures, ring-like formations, and localized absorption maxima, illustrating the intricate interplay between these parameters and the spatial distribution of absorption features. The introduction of a vortex-shaped control field adds a new dimension to the study, revealing azimuthal dependence and providing a novel perspective for manipulating absorption and gain properties based on the orbital angular momentum of the control field. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics governing spatially dependent absorption in QDMs, offering valuable insights for controlled manipulation and practical applications in quantum systems.
Personalized motor imagery prediction model based on individual difference of ERP
Authors: Deng Haodong , Li Mengfan , Zuo Haoxin , Zhou Huihui , Qi Enming , Wu Xue , Xu Guizhi
Published: February 2024

Objective. Motor imagery-based brain–computer interaction (MI-BCI) is a novel method of achieving human and external environment interaction that can assist individuals with motor disorders to rehabilitate. However, individual differences limit the utility of the MI-BCI. In this study, a personalized MI prediction model based on the individual difference of event-related potential (ERP) is proposed to solve the MI individual difference. Approach. A novel paradigm named action observation-based multi-delayed matching posture task evokes ERP during a delayed matching posture task phase by retrieving picture stimuli and videos, and generates MI electroencephalogram through action observation and autonomous imagery in an action observation-based motor imagery phase. Based on the correlation between the ERP and MI, a logistic regression-based personalized MI prediction model is built to predict each individual’s suitable MI action. 32 subjects conducted the MI task with or without the help of the prediction model to select the MI action. Then classification accuracy of the MI task is used to evaluate the proposed model and three traditional MI methods. Main results. The personalized MI prediction model successfully predicts suitable action among 3 sets of daily actions. Under suitable MI action, the individual’s ERP amplitude and event-related desynchronization (ERD) intensity are the largest, which helps to improve the accuracy by 14.25%. Significance. The personalized MI prediction model that uses the temporal ERP features to predict the classification accuracy of MI is feasible for improving the individual’s MI-BCI performance, providing a new personalized solution for the individual difference and practical BCI application.
Wigner transport in linear electromagnetic fields
Authors: Etl C , Ballicchia M , Nedjalkov M , Weinbub J
Published: February 2024

Applying a Weyl–Stratonovich transform to the evolution equation of the Wigner function in an electromagnetic field yields a multidimensional gauge-invariant equation which is numerically very challenging to solve. In this work, we apply simplifying assumptions for linear electromagnetic fields and the evolution of an electron in a plane (two-dimensional transport), which reduces the complexity and enables to gain first experiences with a gauge-invariant Wigner equation. We present an equation analysis and show that a finite difference approach for solving the high-order derivatives allows for reformulation into a Fredholm integral equation. The resolvent expansion of the latter contains consecutive integrals, which is favorable for Monte Carlo solution approaches. To that end, we present two stochastic (Monte Carlo) algorithms that evaluate averages of generic physical quantities or directly the Wigner function. The algorithms give rise to a quantum particle model, which interprets quantum transport in heuristic terms.
Arabica coffee yields at various harvest seasons and altitudes in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh
Authors: Hanan A , Anhar A , Abubakar Y , Karim A
Published: February 2024

Arabica coffee yields in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh, are limited by altitude. Areas suitable for coffee are an altitude of 1000-1600 m asl. Climate changes, especially rising temperatures, result in vulnerability to Arabica coffee yields. This study aims to study coffee yields at various locations based on altitudes and harvest seasons. This study used a split-plot design, with 3 replications. The main plot is two season harvests (S) (March-June Harvest and September-December Harvest), and the sub-plot is six locations based on altitudes in Bener Meriah (BM) and in Aceh Tengah (AT), i.e.: BM>1000-1200 m asl, BM>1200-1400 m asl, BM >1400-1600 m asl, AT>1000-1200 m asl, AT>1200-1400 m asl, and AT >1400-1600 m asl. The season harvests did not affect all coffee yield parameters. Altitudes significantly affected the average number of coffee cherries/plant, the average weight of 100 dry coffee beans, and the average weight of dry coffee beans/plant but did not affect the average weight of coffee cherries/plant. The combination of harvest seasons and altitudes (locations) shows that in the March-June harvest season, location BM>1200-1400 m asl results in a better average weight of 100 dry coffee beans than September-December harvest season, while in AT>1200-1400 m asl is the other way around.
A study on the physicochemical characteristics of popular cooking oils in Cambodia
Authors: Say M , Kong S , Nat Y , Tan C P , Tan R
Published: February 2024

Cooking oils tend to deteriorate in quality through oxidation reactions and microbial degradation, causing nutritional loss, consumer unacceptability, health risks such as cancer and inflammation. This study aims to assess the quality of five popular cooking oils sold in Cambodia, including two sunflower oils, two soybean oils, and a refined palm olein cooking oil. All the samples were collected from supermarkets in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), and anisidine value (AnV) of the cooking oils ranged from 1.93 to 5.68 meq O2/kg oil, 0.11 to 0.26 mg KOH/g, and 28.71 to 62.49, respectively. The iodine value (IV) of soybean oil, sunflower oil, and refined palm olein oil is 121.53 to 125.91 g I2/100g, 127.39 to 128.89 g I2/100g, and 68.61 g I2/100g, respectively. The colour of the oils was presented as L, a, and b*, which ranged from 32.64 to 34.42, -1.48 to -0.34, and 1.50 to 5.25, respectively. The PV and AV of the cooking oils are within the acceptable range of the FAO’s Codex Alimentarius Standards which is 10 meq O2/kg and 0.6 mg KOH/g, respectively. According to the research findings, the popular cooking oils sold in Cambodia are in good quality for consumption.
Effectiveness of inoculation types and dosages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of perintis chili variety (Capsisum annum L.) on entisol soil
Authors: Safira C N , Helmi H
Published: February 2024

This research aims to optimize the growth of a variety chili plants, so called perintis, as Aceh’s superior local chili variety, most of which are cultivated on entisol soil types. Entisol soil has low nutrient content and bound P elements which are difficult for plant roots to absorb. In this case, the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with the roots of chili plants is attempted. This research used a 3x3 factorial randomized block design with factors including the type and dose of mycorrhiza. The results showed that the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) type Gigaspora sp at a dose of 10 g−1 plant showed a significant interaction on chili plant height 35 DAP, while mixed mycorrhizal types between Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp at a dose of 10 g−1 show significant interaction on chili plant height 50 HST. The mycorrhizal type Glomus mosseae was the best in terms of colonizing the roots of perintis variants of chili plants.
Classification of Rice Growth Phases Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm in the Irrigation area of Seulimeum Sub District, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Maesa S F , Basri H , Sugianto S
Published: February 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food commodity for most of Indonesia’s population. The existence of irrigation areas dramatically affects the water demand in each phase of rice growth. Due to a lack of remote sensing knowledge, classifying the rice growth phase is done manually. This study aims to classify rice growth phases using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm in the irrigation area of the Seulimuem Sub-District. This research uses Google Earth satellite imagery in November 2021 through three stages: multi-resolution segmentation, guided classification, and accuracy testing. The results showed that the paddy and non-paddy fields are 1,425.56 ha and 6,581.70 ha, respectively. The classification results of rice plant growth phases consist of 4 phases, namely the inundation phase, the vegetative phase, the generative phase, and the fallow phase. Based on the accuracy assessment results in November 2021, the overall accuracy ranged from 90.65% to 92.92%, with a kappa index value of 0.85 to 0.87, categorizing it as “almost perfect.”
The effect of seed treatment using plant growth promoter rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the germination process of chili (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Sari RN , Hafsah S , Hidayat T
Published: February 2024

Chili is one of the leading horticultural commodities that has high economic value and still requires serious handling, especially in increase production both in quality and quantity.The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala Darussalam University, Banda Aceh. The research was conducted from April 2023 to June 2023.The design used in this study was a 7 x 2 Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications, so there were 14 treatment combinations and 42 experimental units, each treatment consisting of 3 plants so that 126 plants were obtained. The results showed that the effect of rhizobacterial treatment on the germination process had a significantly increased effect on maximum growth potential, germination, vigor index and growth simultaneity compared to no treatment (control). Almost all rhizobacteria can increase the rate of seed germination. At the variable maximum growth potential, germination capacity, vigor index and growth simultaneity, there are two isolates that have the potential to be candidates for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria agents (PGPR) and these isolates, namely AD 7/1 and LABA F1 varieties significantly provide an increase in seed vigor and viability.
Physicochemical Analysis Using Gas Chromatogrphy Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS) on the Quality of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
Authors: Itawani  , Hayati R , Munawar AA
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is known as a country that has biological forests which can be used as a source of essential oils. The levels of chemical compounds that make up citronella oil are not fixed and depend on several factors such as distillation. Distillation using traditional methods is a production process that has been identical for generations used by farmers, usually this distillation uses wood fuel and takes 5 hours. Meanwhile, distillation with electrical energy only takes 4-5 hours. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This research was conducted from January 2023 to June 2023. The results showed that distillation using the traditional method had 15 chemical compounds and consisted of 3 active ingredients, namely citronellal (42.48%), geraniol (17.60%) and citronellol ( 13.67%) while the results of the distillation by the electric method have 21 compounds and also consist of 3 active ingredient components, namely citronellal (40.87%), geraniol (16.53%) and citronellol (17.68%).
The effect of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) solid waste on the stomatal density and chlorophyll content of the pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Zahara M , Larassati D , Rahmawati L , Harahap D , Hayatillah R , Kamaliah K
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) solid waste on stomatal density and chlorophyll content in pepper plants (Piper nigrum L.). Employing a Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising four treatments and five replications, the research used the mixed of the waste and soil with the ratios: P0 (1 kg soil, control), P1 (333 g palm oil solid waste and 666 g soil, 1:2 ratio), P2 (500 g soil and 500 g palm oil solid waste, 1:1 ratio), and P3 (666 g palm oil solid waste and 333 g soil, 2:1 ratio). Our findings indicate that the stomatal density in the adaxial part of pepper’s leaves was highest in treatment P2, whereas stomatal density in the abaxial part was highest in treatment P3. Additionally, the highest chlorophyll a content was observed in treatment P2, while chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were highest in treatment P3. These results underscore the complex interplay between waste composition and plant physiological responses.
Morpho-agronomic performance M5 mutant generation of aceh rice (Oryza sativa L.) of different organic fertilizer treatment
Authors: Safrizal  , Efendi  , Zakaria S
Published: February 2024

The use of organic fertilizers is one of the efforts made to increase the levels of organic matter in the soil, especially paddy soil. This study aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer of different treatments on the morpho-agronomic performance of the M5 mutant generation of Aceh rice (Oryza sativa L ). This research was conducted in ARRI, Aceh Rice Research Institute Banda Aceh, from April to July 2023. In this study, the experimental design used was a split-plot design with three replications where the subplots were nested in the main plot. The factors studied included the dose of organic fertilizer, which consisted of three levels: 0 ton ha-1, 5 ton ha-1, and 10 ton ha-1. The rice lines consisted of 5 groups: Mustajab Varieties, UM 14, UM 69, UM 8, and UM 89. The research results show that best of organic fertilizer was found with doses 10 tonnes ha-1 provides a significant effecton the number of tillers in harvest time 12,34 tillers. The best line/variety was found in the UM-89 treatment line with number of panicles 9,79 which was significantly different from the Mustajab variety which had a 7,88 panicles.
Vulnerability of Paddy Farming Households to Climate Change in Aceh Province
Authors: Bahri T S , Manyamsari I , Kurniawan D , Farabi A Z , Widyawati W , Mujiburrahmad M , Wardhana M Y , Bagio B
Published: February 2024

Climate change has significantly impacted human history and evolution, making paddy a vulnerable commodity. Historically, humans have been able to adapt to the changing climate, but the long-term effects can inhibit growth and reduce agricultural production. Adaptation strategies can help reduce the effects of climate change and increase benefits, but there is still room for improvement. This study was conducted in Aceh Besar and Aceh Utara Districts. This study focuses on how households that raise paddy are affected by climate change. Purposive sampling was used as the sampling strategy in this study. This research uses a quantitative and qualitative approach. This study uses Livelihood Index analysis (LVI). The research results show that the vulnerability of paddy farming households in North Aceh is more vulnerable to climate change compared to Aceh Besar because the vulnerability value of paddy farming households in Aceh Besar is 0.44 and North Aceh is 0.45. The impact of climate change in Aceh Besar and North Aceh Regencies is that droughts occur more frequently.
Propagation of mycorrhiza as biological fertilizer and its application on patchouli seedling in Andisols Bener Meriah
Authors: Syakur S , Syafruddin S , Saiful S
Published: February 2024

Mycorrhiza, functioning as a biofertilizer, have the capacity to improve soil fertility, including Andisols which is cultivated by patchouli. This research objective to produce mycorrhizal as a biofertilizer to increase the growth of patchouli. Additionally, the effect of mycorrhizal types on the seedlings of patchouli in Andisols was studied. Propagation mycorrhizae carried out the exploration of mycorrhizae on Andisols Bener Meriah, and the carrier was Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora, and a mixture of Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. and then the mycorrhizal biofertilizer was tested to patchouli seedling. The parameters observed in this study included the colonization of patchouli root, initial soil analysis, and patchouli seedling growth. The output in this study is a product in the form of a local specific strain of Bener Meriah biofertilizer. The results obtained have succeeded in the propagation mycorrhizal biofertilizers with the carrier Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora, and a mixture of Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. The highest 90% mycorrhizal colonization was found in the mixed mycorrhizal carrier Glomus mosseae + Gigaspora sp. The growth of patchouli seedlings increased, and the highest patchouli growth was observed the combination of mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. application
Comparison of growth, viability, sporulation, and virulence of Phytophthora capsici isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on various media.
Authors: safitri D , Banna M Z A , Wiyono S
Published: February 2024

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is an important agricultural crop in Indonesia. However, black pepper production in Indonesia is limited by plant pathogen infection, especially Phytophthora capsici, which causes Foot Rot in pepper plants. This pathogen contributes to a high decline in black pepper productivity. This study aims to determine the proper media composition for P. capsici growth based on the mycelial growth, viability, sporulation, and virulence of P. capsici on pepper leaves. The media used in this study were potato dextrose agar (PDA), martin agar (MA), carrot agar (CA), water agar (WA), corn meal agar (CMA), soil extract agar (SEA), and vegetable 8 (V8). The results showed that CMA media was the most optimal medium for P. capsici growth, as indicated by the size of the mycelium with a diameter of 8.00 cm on the fifth day after inoculation. The viability of mycelium of P. capsici was best found on PDA, CMA, and V8 media. Meanwhile, the optimum sporulation and virulence of P. capsici occurred on SEA media, characterized by zoospore production of 5.42x106/ml and symptom areas on leaves of 18.61 cm2 and 16.69 cm2.
Determine the appropriate leadership style for supporting sustainable agriculture in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III
Authors: Siregar D , Lubis Z , Rahmadani V G , Aulia M R , Sinulingga M B
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the most suitable leadership style in the palm oil plantation industry, particularly at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III. The research methodology encompasses in-depth interviews. Over a six-month period from January to June 2023, a list of 60 potential participants was created to meet the research objectives. Thirty participants agreed to participate in the study and were selected for in-depth interviews. Each participant received information about the meeting time and location and was required to sign a consent form ensuring confidentiality of the shared information. The research concludes that among the four leadership styles considered (heart leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, and ethical leadership), heart leadership is the most suitable for PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III. Heart leadership encompasses ten aspects, including Conscience, Love, Intention, Self Control, Teamwork, Honesty, Integrity, Attention, Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence, and Servant Orientation. Implementing heart leadership at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III can create a positive work environment, boost employee engagement, and lead to overall organizational success. This leadership style emphasizes open communication, empathy, and trust between leaders and employees. Leaders with heart leadership will listen empathetically, understand employees’ needs and aspirations, and offer necessary support, fostering trust, motivation, and a positive work culture. By embracing leadership values like conscience, emotional intelligence, and servant orientation, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III ensures a focus not just on organizational success but also on sustainable farming practices.
Estimation of ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of coffee pulp: A meta-analysis of in vitro experiments
Authors: Fhonna F A , Jayanegara A , Samadi
Published: February 2024

Integrating various studies with statistical methods can be used by applying a meta-analysis method. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of coffee pulp as ruminant feed on in vitro digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics. The database was developed from six related articles containing 25 studies, collected from Scopus and Google Scholar. The parameters integrated were in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), pH value, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3 and total protozoa. The data were analyzed using a mixed model methodology. The level of coffee pulp was considered as a fixed factor and the different studies as a random effect. The results revealed that coffee pulp addition had a significant quadratic effect to enhance IVDMD (P<0.01) and a significant linear effect to decrease total VFA (P<0.05). However, coffee pulp addition did not significantly affect (P>0.05) on IVOMD, pH, NH3 and total protozoa. In conclusion, coffee pulp can be used as an alternative feedstuff due to its good digestibility in the rumen. Nevertheless, it should be applied in the right amount to avoid negative effects on animal performance.
Growth and yield of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) due to different concentration of AB Mix nutrient and foliar fertilizer in the floating hydroponic system
Authors: Rahmawati M , Irawan A N , Hayati M
Published: February 2024

Nutrient solution is one of the most essential factors in influencing the production, yield and quality of plants hydroponically. This study aimed to obtain the best concentration of AB Mix nutrients and foliar fertilizer, as well as their combination on the growth and yield of pakcoy in the Floating Hydroponic System. This research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh from February to March 2023. This study used a 3 x 3 factorial RCBD with two factors. The first factor was the AB Mix concentration (800, 1000, and 1200 ppm), and the second factor was foliar fertilizer concentration (0, 250 and 500 ppm). The AB Mix concentration had a very significant effect on the total and consumption part wet weight, and also it had a significant effect on the number, length and width of leaf at 4 WAP. The foliar fertilizer concentration had a very significant effect on total and consumption part wet weight, had a significant effect on plant height at 4 WAP. The best growth and yield of pakcoy plants was obtained with the combination of 1200 ppm AB Mix nutrient concentrations and 250 ppm foliar fertilizer concentration.
Characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties on Arabica coffee land in Bener Meriah Regency
Authors: Manfarizah M , Karim A , Basri H , Muyassir M , Rusdi M , Mulia A
Published: February 2024

Bener Meriah Regency is one of the Arabica coffee producing areas in Aceh Province. This Arabica coffee has been cultivating for years by the Gayo people with a continuous cultivation system throughout the year. Continuous cultivation for years causes a decrease in soil fertility in both physical and chemical properties, resulting in a decrease in coffee production. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil on Arabica coffee land in Bener Meriah Regency. The study used a quantitative descriptive method through land surveys and analysis of data in the field and analysis of soil samples in the laboratory. Observations were made on 15 Land Units Type (LUT) obtained from the overlay of elevation maps, slope maps, soil type maps and existing coffee plantation maps of Bener Meriah Regency. Parameters observed included soil structure, soil permeability, soil aggregate stability, soil pH, total and available P. The results showed that the soil structure was classified as crumb, soil permeability was slow to fast, soil aggregate stability was classified as unstable to rather stable, soil pH was acid to rather acid, P total was very low to very high, and P available was very low.
Growth and yield of some genotypes of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in response to begomovirus resistance
Authors: Kesumawati E , Jannah R , Pohan N S , Jalil M , Hayati E , Nurhayati  , Fitrizal
Published: February 2024

Capsicum annuum is the widely cultivated and consumed species in the world. Planting virus-resistant chili varieties is one of the reliable disease control strategies to overcome viral attacks. Local high-yielding varieties can be used as a source of germplasm in the assembly of chili peppers resistant to Begomovirus. This study is aimed to determine the growth and yield some chili pepper in response to Begomovirus resistance. This research was carried out at the Saree Agricultural Extension Training Center and Horticulture Laboratory at Syiah Kuala University. This research was designed using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design. Planting materials used were four chili pepper, namely as genotype of Perintis, Lolay, Karo and Kencana as a variety of comparison. The results showed that genotype Perintis and Lolay have better in plant height, plant stem diameter, the faster flowering time, the best of fruit weight per plant and weight per fruit. The faster harvest times and the number of fruits per plant are found in genotype Perintis. Genotype Perintis has slowly attached by Begomovirus, but at the age 135 days after transplanting, all of the plants (Perintis, Lolay, Karo, Kencana) were attacked by Begomovirus.
Genotype and phenotype diversity of the F2 population three-way cross soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) results
Authors: Rakasiwi G , Hanafiah DS , Lubis K , Haryati
Published: February 2024

Increasing soybean production through plant crossing helps to supply soybean needs. Three-way crossing of three parents, Grobogan, Anjasmoro, and Dega 1 is expected to increase soybean productivity. Interbreeding is an effort to form a basic population to increase genetic diversity. Based on this, this study aims to determine the diversity of genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 population resulting from a cross between three soybean parents [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. This research was conducted on Tanjung Selamat Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency land. Observations were made by observing all plant populations in the field. Characters observed include plant height, flowering age, number of primary branches, and harvest age. The results showed that the diversity of genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 population varied, this was based on the highest standard deviation value in the F2 population compared to the 3 parent soybean plants. The plant height character has a high diversity value based on the KKG and KKF values.
The use of fermented feed containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and azolla sp on egg production and egg clutch in hybrid chickens
Authors: Daud M , Yaman MA , Nufus H
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of fermented feed containing black soldier fly and azolla meal on egg production and egg clutch. The research material used 20 female hybrid chickens and local feed ingredients. The research method was conducted experimentally using a Complete Randomized (RAL) with five (5) treatments and four (4) replications respectively. The feed treatments were P0 (100% feed control), P1 (90% basal feed + 5% black soldier fly + 5% azolla), P2 (85% basal feed + 5% black soldier fly + 10% azolla), P3 (85% basal feed + 10% black soldier fly + 5% azolla), P4 (80% basal feed + 10% black soldier fly + 10% azolla). The observed parameters included egg production, egg clutch, eggshell color, and thickness. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study found no significant effect on egg production, egg clutch, shell color, and thickness when feeding fermented black soldier fly and azolla at different levels. It was concluded that fermented feed containing 5-10% black soldier fly and 5-10% azolla did not negatively affect egg production and egg clutch in hybrid chickens.
Effect of mineral premix addition to feed on performance of SAN laying hens
Authors: Untari H D , Wibawa H , Waluyati D E , Dharmawan R , Ariyadi B , Hanim C
Published: February 2024

Specific Antibody Negative (SAN) laying hens are chickens that have been raised from eggs with a history of negative Avian Influenza (AI) antibody results and negative antigen tests. This research aims to determine the effect of adding organic mineral premix to feed on the SAN performance of laying hens. This study used 72 laying hens aged 43 weeks which were divided into three treatment groups. Each treatment was repeated three times, each consisting of eight chickens, and kept for 35 days. The treatments given consisted of commercial feed without the addition of mineral premix as a control, commercial feed with the addition of 0.25% mineral premix, and commercial feed with the addition of 0.50% mineral premix. The parameters observed were egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and AI subtype H5 antibody titer results. The data analysis used was a one-way completely randomized design. The results of the study showed that giving mineral premix feed up to 0.50% did not affect the performance of SAN laying hens, so that the addition of mineral premix in feed up to 0.50% has not been able to increase the egg production of SAN hens, but is still able to produce eggs that are suitable as a medium viral AI H5N1.
The abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their ecological roles as predators in Arabica coffee plantations with different densities of shade trees
Authors: Jauharlina J , Husni H , Sayuthi M , Pramayudi N , Safitri N F , Irba M H
Published: February 2024

Shade-grown coffee, incorporated in an agroforestry system, is a common practice of coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Coffee is grown under the shade of a canopy of surrounding trees. Shade trees reduce excessive light and provide a home for various predatory animals, including predatory ants. Some growers plant a dense population of shade trees, while others plant less shade trees. A study to investigate the diversity of ants and their abundance in different densities of shade trees has been conducted from April until August 2023. Ants were sampled from coffee trees (arboreal ants) in two coffee plantations with dense populations of shade trees and two plantations with sparse shade trees. We found 13 ant species in both categories of plantations (combined). All ant species were found in sparsely shaded coffee plantations, and only five were recorded from densely shaded plantations. However, the abundance of ants was much higher in densely shaded plantations than in sparsely shaded plantations. The ant genera Technomyrmex and Componatus were the dominant ants found in sparsely shaded plantations, while the dominant ants in densely shaded plantations were the genera Componatus and Crematogaster. These ants are known as general predators and potentially are predators of coffee berry borer (CBB), a significant pest in the area. This research has shown how different densities of shade trees in coffee plantations affected the ant fauna, which could be used as a basis for ant conservation to increase their ecosystem service as predators.