bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la técnica BD MGITTM TBc® para identificación del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Llerena Claudia Regina , Gómez Ingrid Tatiana , Zabaleta Angie Paola
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Evaluar la técnica BD MGITTM TBc® para identificación del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis a partir de aislamientos en medio de cultivo sólido y líquido.

Materiales y Métodos Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, donde se analizaron 117 aislamientos por la técnica de inmucromatografía a partir de cultivos en medio sólido y líquido para identificación del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Se calculó coeficiente kappa para determinar el grado de acuerdo entre los dos métodos. Cuando hubo diferencia de resultados estos se confirmaron mediante pruebas convencionales. La herramienta empleada para el análisis de datos fue Epidat 3.1.

Resultados La metodología BD MGITTM TBc® realizada a partir de cultivos en medio sólido y líquido, presentó un grado de acuerdo excelente con un coeficiente kappa de 0,84.

Conclusión La técnica BD MGITTM TBc® realizada a partir de cultivos en medio sólido, para la identificación del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, presenta excelente concordancia, comparada con los resultados obtenidos en medio de cultivo líquido. El Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia recomienda el uso de esta técnica para la identificación de especie en medio de cultivos sólidos.
Género y actividad física en mujeres mexicanas con experiencia migratoria a Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Ruiz Rodriguez Myriam , Arenas Monreal Maria Luz , Bonilla Fernández Pastor , Valdez Santiago Rosario , Rueda Neria Celina , Hernández Tezoquipa Isabel
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Analizar la influencia de la categoría de género en la práctica de actividad física en mujeres de zonas rurales con experiencia migratoria a Estados Unidos de América.

Métodos Diseño cualitativo con métodos de la teoría fundamentada; la información fue obtenida a través de entrevistas en profundidad a 19 mujeres que habitan en localidades rurales de la zona central de México

Resultados A través del análisis emergió como categoría central la crítica social a la actividad física. Las mujeres con pareja no realizan actividad física porque de acuerdo con las normas sociales es mal visto que la efectúen, y son los hombres quienes toman la decisión de permitirla. El género, la identidad femenina y la crítica social son elementos que contribuyen a la comprensión de la inactividad física en estas mujeres.

Conclusión Es necesario que los programas sanitarios que promueven la actividad física dirigidos a mujeres adultas en zonas rurales, se diseñen tomando como base la perspectiva de género y el contexto de la población. 
Variables involucradas en la práctica individual y colectiva de hábitos saludables
Authors: Garcia Ubaque Juan Carlos , García-Ubaque César A. , Vaca Bohórquez Martha Lucía
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión descriptiva de los conceptos relativos a la práctica de hábitos saludables identificando las principales variables asociadas a su gestión dentro de las acciones de promoción de la salud

Método: Por medio de consulta a grupos que laboran en promoción de la salud en Bogotá se definió el alcance de la revisión, luego se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica mediante consulta de bases de datos y fuentes documentales, definiendo previamente la estrategia y los criterios de selección documental, finalmente se procedió a hacer la organización y estructuración de la información.

Resultados Se estableció que para la promoción de hábitos saludables hay cuatro grupos de conductas a) consumo, b) actividad física e higiene, c) seguridad y d) participación social, los cuales se revisan con el fin de  señalar los principales conceptos incorporados en las mismas.

Conclusión La promoción de hábitos saludables debe involucrar no solo la trasmisión de las conductas asociadas a los mismos, sino también la comprensión y adaptación de los mismos a los ámbitos de vida en los que las personas se desenvuelven, considerando los distintos roles que se desempeñan y las demandas de tipo psicológico y cultural que cada espacio plantea.
Evaluación de la capacidad acumuladora de mercurio del ají (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Pérez Vargas Hiver Manuel , Vidal Durango John Victor , Marrugo José Luis
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Evaluar la capacidad acumuladora de mercurio por parte la planta de ají (Capsicum annuum), en suelos contaminados procedentes del corregimiento Mina Santa Cruz, Sur de Bolívar, Colombia, con el propósito de establecer el riesgo para la salud de la población consumidora.

Materiales y Métodos Se tomaron muestras de tejidos (raíces, tallos y hojas) de plantas de C. annuum sembradas en dos suelos contaminados con mercurio y un suelo control, durante sus primeros cinco meses de crecimiento para determinar mercurio total mediante la técnica de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica por vapor frio. Se determinó mercurio total en muestras de frutos de ají consumido en Mina Santa Cruz.

Resultados Las concentraciones medias de mercurio total en raíces fueron mayores en comparación con tallos y hojas. Los niveles de mercurio en suelos y el tiempo influyeron en la acumulación en tejidos. Las concentraciones de mercurio en frutos de C. annuum fueron bajas en relación a la ingesta tolerable semanal dispuesta por la OMS.

Conclusión Los porcentajes de translocación de mercurio a las partes aéreas de la planta fueron bajos tanto en el suelo control como en los suelos contaminados. A pesar de los bajos niveles de mercurio en este alimento se debe disminuir al máximo el consumo de alimentos contaminados con dicho metal.
Conocimiento adquirido y adherencia en un diplomado sobre la salud mental para docentes orientadores
Authors: Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Tamayo-Martínez Nathalie , Ayala-Corredor Catalina , Carrasco-Gil Adriana , Padilla-Muñoz Andrea , Garzón Daniel F , Borda Juan P. , Verhelst Patrick , Ramirez María P. , González Lina M. , Gil Jackie F.
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Evaluar el desempeño académico y la adherencia después de una intervención educativa centrada en la promoción, prevención, identificación e intervención temprana de diferentes problemas y patologías mentales que se presentan en niños y adolescentes. 

Materiales y Métodos Estudio de intervención antes después de un diplomado, en el que a la población de docentes orientadores de Boyacá y Cundinamarca se les impartió una intervención educativa sobre salud mental y se realizó la evaluación de conocimientos antes y después de haberla recibido.

Resultados Hubo un buen desempeño en la prueba académica donde el 48,5 % de la población tuvo una calificación mayor a 4,0/5,0 antes de la intervención, aunque después de esta el 61,2 % alcanzaron esta misma nota, por lo que consideramos que la intervención educativa funcionó como una herramienta para mejorar el conocimiento sobre promoción, prevención, reconocimiento e intervención temprana de salud mental en las instituciones educativas. La adherencia fue del 90,6 % para el diplomado de 120 horas.

Conclusión El diplomado parece impactar en el conocimiento adquirido sobre salud mental y presenta una buena adherencia.
A dizájner drog metiléndioxi-pirovaleron hatása a fejlődő idegrendszerre kísérletes állatmodellben
Authors: Gerecsei László István , Ádám Ágota
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone is a frequently used psychoactive drug of abuse. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methylenedioxypyrovalerone, administrated from the 8th to the 14th day of the gestation, on the development of central nervous system and on the behaviour of offspring mice. Method: Pregnant mice were treated during this period either with subcutaneous injection of 1×10 mg/kg body weight methylenedioxypyrovalerone or vehicle (saline). Maternal behaviour (pup retrieval test), locomotor activity (open field test) and motor coordination (grip strength test) of dams were evaluated. Locomotor activity at the 7th and 21st postnatal day (open field test) and motor coordination at the 21st postnatal day (grip strength test) were examined. Results: Reduced maternal behaviour among treated animals was observed. There was no difference in the results of the open field test between treated and control groups. Decrease of locomotor activity was observed in the pups of the methylenedioxypyrovalerone treated dams. Conclusions: The results suggest that cathinones (in particular methylenedioxypyrovalerone) may adversely affect neural integrity of the developing central nervous system. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(30), 1221–1225.
Dynamic of changes in health of 10-11 years old gymnasium boys under influence of comprehensive education’s load
Authors: Proskurov E.M.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: determination of somatic health, physical condition, physical and mental workability changes of pupils under influence of comprehensive education loads at the end of first academic semester. Material: in the research 140 pupils of 10-11 years old age, related to main health group, participated. Results: we found that the reason of children’ health’s worsening appears at the account of increasing of intellectual pressure. This pressure can not be overcome by means of physical education, oriented on recreation and perfection of pupils’ organisms. Absence of gradual relaxation of mental loads (periods of recreation and test after different intellectual tensions) results in sharpening of overtiredness at the end of first academic semester. This overtiredness negatively influences on pupils’ general health. Conclusions: responses of children’s organisms to irritators of comprehensive education’s pressure are accompanied by worsening of a number of functional indicators, which have no age distinctions.
Directed influence on anaerobic energy supply systems of qualified free style wrestlers
Authors: Sybil M.G. , Pervachuk R.V. , Chuiev A.U.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: to experimentally prove effectiveness of directed influence on anaerobic energy supply systems of free style wrestlers, considering individual characteristics of their bio energetic. Material: in this article the data of laboratory bicycle stress test «Vita maxima» and results of special control testing have been presented. 40 sportsmen participated in the experiment. Results: individual characteristics of dominating type of anaerobic energy supply have been determined. Statistically confident difference between development of lactate and a-lactate anaerobic energetic components were found. By the data of bio-chemical indicators’ changes the authors observed increase of adenosine triphosphate (glycolytic or creatine-phosphate) in some, weaker developed mechanisms of anaerobic re-synthesis. Ways of influence on anaerobic energy supply systems, considering individual characteristics of dominating of different components (lactate or a-lactate) have been found. Conclusions: it is recommended to take in consideration individual dominating type of energy supply.
POSSIBILITY OF 4-YEARS-OLD CHILDREN PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT DIAGNOSIS WITH THE SHORTENED MOT 4-6. ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOMOTOR PARAMETERS OF SHORTENED MOT 4-6
Authors: Nowak Agata
Published: July 2015

Purpose: in this article a modification of the MOT 4-6 will be presented in order to make this test a screening tool. Material: The proper study was conducted in stages. The first one is the evaluation of discriminative power and a difficulty level coefficient of particular tasks, further stages include the evaluation of reliability and validity, also normalization and standardization of the analyzed test. Results. The received results validate the reasonableness of eliminating 5 tasks. All of them are characterized by the lowest discriminative power out of all test samples. The values of psychometric coefficients of the newly created tool allow for evaluating it as reliable (r = .99), internally consistent (Cronbach’s alpha 0.77) and valid (r = 0.93). Conclusions. The analyzed MOT 4-6 modification is a valuable screening test, application of which may be helpful on assessing of possible abnormalities in child’s psychomotor development.
FAT-FREE MASS INDEX AND FAT MASS INDEX OF INHABITANTS OF THE CITY OF BIALA PODLASKA
Authors: Wasiluk Agnieszka , Saczuk Jerzy
Published: July 2015

Introduction: A steady and considerable increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity is observed in the majority of developed countries. It affects every age group, regardless of sex and race. One of the causes of this negative trend, which has already reached an epidemic scale, is negative changes in lifestyle. We spend increasingly more time in front of a TV or a computer screen at the expense of other activities requiring energy expenditure. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in body components of adult inhabitants of Biala Podlaska and determine the reference values for FFMI and FMI. Materials and method: The examined 668 women and 674 men (20 years old and older) inhabitants of Biala Podlaska. Values of somatic traits were evaluated on the basis of anthropometric measurements. Tissue composition was evaluated with the bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The reference values of FMI (25th-75th centile) in women ranged from 7.15 kg/m 2 to 12.93 kg/m 2, whereas in men from 4.94 kg/m 2 to 9.43 kg/m 2. In women the reference values FFMI ranged from 15.29 kg/m 2 to17.28 kg/m 2 and were similar in all calendar age groups. The reference values for all men ranged between 18.76 kg/m 2 and 22.01 kg/m 2 and were the lowest in the oldest category of age. Conclusions: The data presented in the following study might be useful for physicians and nutritionists as control values.
Giving Bad News
Authors: Baile Walter F.
Published: July 2015

In the practice of oncology, a number of clinical situations require bad news to be given to patients and families. SPIKES (setting, perception, invitation for information, knowledge, empathy, summarize and strategize) is a skills-based, best-practices approach to giving bad news. ••Although not formally tested in clinical trials, the communication skills it encompasses have been associated with positive patient outcomes. SPIKES is best viewed as a flexible guideline to help physicians address individual patient and family needs in a patient-centered manner.
Widening of existing bridges on State Highway 16 in Auckland
Authors: Corbett Paul William , Watterson Timothy John
Published: July 2015

The State Highway 16 Causeway upgrade project is one of the packages in the Waterview Connection project portfolio, which forms the final section of the 48 km Western Ring Route in Auckland, New Zealand. The project improves, widens and raises an approximately 4·8 km long section of the existing motorway, to provide additional capacity and to safeguard it against coastal erosion and flooding. Two existing bridges on the motorway, Whau River Bridge and Causeway Bridge, are being widened and upgraded to extend their usable lives. Both bridges are a mix of structural forms, presenting many technical and logistical challenges for design and construction, in terms of the integration of further widening work and the assessment of the existing structural elements. This paper discusses the innovative approach taken towards the complex bridge widening, how durability, constructability and traffic management have been taken into consideration and how the results of assessments, including non-linear seismic ‘pushover’ analyses, have been used to confirm the functionality of the bridges in the final scheme.
A Collective Model of Advanced Teacher Training: An International Experience
Authors: Rubashkin Dmitri
Published: July 2015

The conventional course-based teacher training method doesn’t meet the requirements of time, and neither does the reproductive teaching style. The paper offers a new alternative to that system, which is project-based and result-oriented advanced training designed to stimulate creative thinking in teachers and to enhance the role of self-analysis and self-assessment. The main idea of this teacher training method lies in collaboration of teachers within a school to create new learning practices based on electronic learning materials and program tools. The paper describes terms and results of the international education project “ICT Learning Environment. Create and Use  Together”, which was realized in 2010–2012 and involved Russian and Finnish teachers and experts. Five school teams from Russia (represented by Saint Petersburg) and five from Finland had a mission of learning new technologies, developing new electronic learning materials and implementing them in their own teaching practices. The school teams collaborated for two years during live and online seminars, exchanged emails and talked on Skype, developing the selected projects together. The author investigates into the two factors of assessing team project efficiency: a) participants’ self-assessment of progress in their professional development and b) quality of created learning materials as finished products to be copied and distributed across the educational system. The paper provides benefits of the cluster-based model of project cooperation among teachers, which consists in grouping bunches of schools into clusters by geography or common teaching approaches.
Determinants of Universities’ Global Competitiveness: Higher Education Development Strategies in Ukraine
Authors: Satsyk Vladimir
Published: July 2015

The author considers key factors of universities’ global competitiveness that internationally determine their advantages in terms of conducting scientific research, provision of educational services and accomplishing important social tasks. A strategic role of the state in developing competitive higher education shows itself in design and implementation of comprehensive national strategies of establishing world-class universities that would ensure prominent research results, in reformation of university sector management systems and in provision of an efficient competitive academic setting. In the article there is an analysis of statistic data from 50 countries of the world concerning expenses for higher education, higher school quality indicators and the presence of national universities in global university rankings. The analysis revealed a close positive interrelation between the level and dynamics of overall expenses for higher education per student, between national higher education relative quality and including universities of one or another country into the Shanghai ranking. The author reasons parameters of public and private expenses per student that are optimal in terms of formation of an efficient higher education model and provision of its global competitiveness. On the basis of evaluation of the current state and development trends for higher education in Ukraine basic barriers on the way of establishing national world-class universities are determined: shortage of higher education institutions’ financial resources and an inefficient university sector management model. The author systematizes political priorities, strategic goals and directions of Ukraine’s public policy in the field of scientific research and education, aimed at creating competitive universities.
Interaction between Russian Business and Higher Education System through Employers’ Eyes. Prepared on the Basis of Information Obtained by Levada Center: A 2013 Survey
Authors: Bondarenko N.
Published: July 2015

This paper continues the article on the relationship between higher school and business in Russia published in Journal of Educational Studies magazine last year (2013, no 1, pp. 174–182). Annual national surveys among CEOs conducted under the NRU HSE MEMO Project (Monitoring Education Markets and Organizations) allow to compare statistical data on cooperation between business and higher education institutions obtained in 2013 and in 2011. The surveys involve small, medium and large business CEOs in six key economic sectors: industry, communications (excluding postal services), construction, trade, transport, business services. The surveyors analyze the nature of interaction between businessmen and recent graduates from higher education institutions (how demanded young specialists are and how satisfied businessmen are with their professional qualifications) and collaboration of business with higher professional education institutions (actual levels and forms of collaboration, prospective levels and areas of collaboration for the nearest future). It has been found out that graduates are employed more and more often after the 2008–2009 recession. Graduates keep being most demanded in industry, communications and business services, while demand for them in trade is the lowest one. Company CEOs are mostly satisfied with professional qualifications of recent graduates; however, they complain graduates lack decision-making capacity, proactivity, planning and time-management skills, i. e. autonomy in work. Company CEOs also believe graduates lack communication skills (working in a team, establishing contact with customers). The paper provides results of a cross-country study comparing employer satisfaction with young specialists and company requirements for their professional qualifications in terms of higher education systems of Russia and Great Britain.
Studying the Relation between the Unified State Exam Points and Higher Education Performance
Authors: Khavenson Tatiana , Solovyova Anna
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzes the possibility of predicting efficiency of learning in a higher education institution based on results of the Unified State Exam (USE). In particular, the authors test the hypothesis that USE results in different subjects are equally efficient predictors of further student performance. Methods of regression analysis have been used to assess how preliminary examinations (both total USE points and points in specific subjects) affect academic performance in higher education. The research involved about 19,000 students enrolled at five Russian higher education institutions between 2009 and 2011. As long as the sample included institutions of different profiles, individual regressions were calculated for each faculty. A meta-analysis of regression coefficients was performed later to bring the data together. Average firstyear grade was used as the key university performance factor. It was found out that USE points were only related to performance in the second and the subsequent years through performance in the first year, i. e. indirectly. The research results allow to conclude that predictive capacity of total USE points is high enough to accept this examination as a valid student selection tool. The explained variation in university performance varies from 15 to 35% in different faculties. Predictive capacity of particular subjects making the USE total points is relatively the same, but USE points in mathematics and Russian are often the best predictors of performance. The paper also analyzes the relation between USE points and another student selection tool — results of academic competitions in specific subjects.
Is it Possible to Compare USE and SFA: A Comparison of Indicators Calculated on the Basis of Different Tests
Authors: Agranovich Mark
Published: July 2015

The article discusses the possibilities of different tests results comparisons. The issue of correct compare of different tests results raises in relation of analysis of tests results for different years and in a number of other cases. These results could not be compared directly, without some adjustments. The article presents the approach to make tests results with different parameters of distribution comparable. The suggested approach based on the assumption that the level of students’ knowledge in different subjects are more or less equal and differences in parameters of tests results distributions arise due to instruments and differences in testing scaling. Suggested scheme of using statistical methods allow to eliminate these differences in testing instruments and make results of different tests comparable. Applications of the suggested method is shown on an example of comparison of results of Unified State Exam (upper secondary graduation tests) in different subjects and for different years, and also comparison of Unified State Exam and State Final Attestation (low  secondary graduation tests) results. The sphere of application for the suggested method is limited by the following conditions: the number of objects should be sufficient to use mathematical statistics tools applied to evaluate the closeness of relationship; the paper compares the sets of values obtained in different tests for the same objects.
Circles, Trees, and Bears: Symbols of Power of the Weenuche Ute
Authors: McPherson Robert
Published: July 2015

The Ute community of White Mesa, comprised of approximately 315 people, sits in the corner of southeastern Utah, eleven miles outside of Blanding. The residents, primarily of Weenuche Ute and Paiute ancestry, enjoy a cultural heritage that embraces elements from plains, mountain, and desert/Great Basin Indian culture. Among their religious practices are the Worship Dance, Ghost Dance, Sun Dance, and Bear Dance. Although each ceremony is unique, and performed for a variety of reasons, the common ground among them cannot be missed. Healing the sick, renewing necessities for survival, connecting spiritually with ancestors, communicating with the Land Beyond, establishing patterns for life, and sharing symbols that unify religious expression—such as the circle, tree, and bear—are elements that characterize the faith of these people as expressed in these ceremonies. Their origin sheds light on the relevance of these practices as they blend traditions from the past with contemporary usage. As symbols imbued with religious relevance, they make the intangible visible while continuing to teach and protect that which is important in Ute cultural survival. This article looks at these shared elements while offering new information about the origin and symbolism of the Ghost Dance as practiced in the Worship Dance. Circles, trees, bears, and other emblems provide not only themes from past teaching but empower the Ute universe today.
Critical Contexts for Biomedical Research in a Native American Community: Health Care, History, and Community Survival
Authors: Sahota Puneet
Published: July 2015

Native Americans have been underrepresented in previous studies of biomedical research participants. This paper reports a qualitative interview study of Native Americans' perspectives on biomedical research. In-depth interviews were conducted with 53 members of a Southwest tribal community. Many interviewees viewed biomedical research studies as a necessary source of health care, particularly for chronic disease prevention and management. While interviewees viewed biomedical research on diabetes as critical for ensuring their community's future survival, they also mistrusted both research and health care. Community members' complex perceptions of research were rooted in painful historical events, such as forced sterilization of Native women.
Brian Honyouti: Send in the Clowns
Authors: Pearlstone Zena
Published: July 2015

Hopi Brian Honyouti's "clown" sculptures stem from his personal and political views and comment on commercialism, big business, greed, over indulgence, and irresponsible and sexual behavior. This essay explores the meaning of these carvings to Honyouti, to Hopiit, and to the buying public, as well as their relationship to tithu the carved representations of Katsinam. Working in the contact zone and in the realm of transculturation, Honyouti's carvings emphasize his perceptions of the confluence of the Hopi world and that of dominant America in an attempt to discern commonalities in how all people express certain human traits.
The Legend of Jump Mountain: Narrative Dispossession of the Monacan in Postcolonial Virginia
Authors: Vest Jay
Published: July 2015

In north central Virginia there is a local tale - The Legend of Jump Mountain, which purports to explain the origins of the Hayes Creek Indian Burial Mound. A highly romantic legend, it immortalizes post colonial intertribal warfare during the early nineteenth century while ignoring the antiquity of the mound and the local descendants of its aboriginal creators. It is not at all uncommon to find such romantic tales in Indian country where the Native people have become invisible and there remain significant tribal artifacts common to the landscape. However, the standing claim to authenticity remains a matter of significant concern. In this essay, the author considers the tale's effectiveness assessing Indian origins, local history and tribal heritages, as well as the implicit stereotypes and the romantic illusion that it may generate in the popular imagination.
A Sampling of Community-Based Housing Efforts at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Authors: Wood Clinton , Clevenger Caroline
Published: July 2015

Pine Ridge Indian Reservation is in need of several thousand houses to alleviate overcrowding and improve living conditions. The United States government has failed to provide appropriate or sufficient housing and other individuals and organizations that have attempted to build homes for the Lakota have met with widely varying results. This paper documents community-based housing activities of fifteen Pine Ridge residents who attempted to implement a variety of construction techniques. The biggest challenges were obtaining and paying for resources and finding competent, reliable labor. The interviewees used local and salvaged materials extensively and worked within the local, informal economy to meet these challenges and address their dissatisfaction with government cluster housing. Findings suggest that local, community-based construction may provide a successful and culturally sustainable strategy for residential construction because it equips builders with a means to earn a living, develops construction skills, establishes a sense of ownership, and provides appropriate housing that enriches lives and builds pride.
Native American Landholding in the Colonial Hudson Valley
Authors: Midtrød Tom
Published: July 2015

Native American patterns of landownership among the Munsee- and Mahican-speaking peoples of the colonial Hudson Valley represented a set of practices that ranged from the communal landholding of larger political groups down to land held by individual families. At times these Indian groups treated their lands as cohesive homelands, and at other times they acted as if lands belonged to particular families. This article suggests that these practices sprang from a flexible political system where power was widely dispersed. Which pattern of landholding predominated at any given time depended on circumstances particular to each historical moment.
Native American Students Going to and Staying in Postsecondary Education: An Intervention Perspective
Authors: Adelman Howard , Taylor Linda , Nelson Perry
Published: July 2015

This paper explores and analyzes what is done for students in general and for Native American students in particular to (a) support readiness for postsecondary education, (b) increase recruitment and access, (c) improve transitions, and (d) support survival to completion. Recommendations are offered for moving beyond the current fragmented and marginalized approaches in order to develop a comprehensive system of student and learning supports.
Using Captions to Reduce Barriers to Native American Student Success
Authors: Collins Robert
Published: July 2015

Americans talk about captions as if they are only for foreign films. The problem with such an assumption is that it lends an illusion that the benefit of captions does not extend past translation. This article examines the extent to which using closed-captioned video material in the college classroom can be a useful universal teaching tool in enabling Native American and Alaskan Native student achievement.
Poetry
Authors: Da' Laura
Published: July 2015

Poetry
A Necessary Evil: Framing an American Indian Legal Identity
Authors: Robertson Dwanna
Published: July 2015

This study examines the emergence and application of what I conceptualize as an American Indian Legal Identity (AILI). AILI is an individual identity created by structural forces. Most importantly, a person can have an AILI without having either racial identity or ethnic identity. It stands on its own as proof of Indianness even though it was created in the discourse of federal Indian policy. The tribal reification of this federally defined authenticity birthed a racialized collective Indian identity. Furthermore, it has resulted in the internalized racialization of Native identity. AILI relies upon the verification of a degree of Indian blood as documented in the form of a Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood (CDIB) card issued by the US Department of the Interior and through membership within a federally recognized tribe. By focusing on historical social construction of AILI and its current implications within Native populations about who qualifies to be Indian, I analyze semi-structured, in-depth interviews of thirty Native American participants, all of whom ethnically identify as indigenous but only half of whom possess a legal identity. I find participants frame and rationalize AILI's existence by justifying that it is needed to preserve tribal sovereignty.
Promoting Cultural Capital in a Medical Camp for American Indian Youth with Diabetes
Authors: Joe Jennie
Published: July 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease that previously was characterized with an onset in the fourth decade of life or later, is now being diagnosed in children, particularly children from minority groups, including American Indians. Because children with the disease are frequently asymptomatic, they tend to ignore recommendations from their health care providers about appropriate self-management behaviors, thus increasing their risk for early onset of secondary complications, including retinopathy and end-stage renal disease.

This problem with self-management can in part be attributed to a lack of knowledge as well as to denial about their disease. This article describes an intervention that encourages and motivates American Indian youth with type 2 diabetes to improve their diabetes self-management. The Medical Wellness Camp is a partnership program hosted by several Arizona tribes and the University of Arizona. The camp provided these youth with the education and the skills needed to prevent or delay diabetes-related complications that will negatively impact their quality of life. This camp is unique because it builds on and integrates an intertribal "cultural capital" model to help them learn how to adopt the lifestyle changes necessary to live with this chronic disease. The program emphasis is on education, not research. This position honors the wishes of tribal partners whose communities have been reluctant to involve their children in research, a reluctance fueled by reports about unethical research practices that have harmed other tribal communities.
The State of Nevada v. Eugene Austin: A Tragic Story of Homicide and Incarceration in the American Southwest
Authors: Britten Thomas
Published: July 2015

Eugene Austin (1923-1980) was a member of the Lovelock Paiute Tribe of Nevada. The product of an impoverished and dysfunctional family and a former pupil of an off-reservation boarding school, Austin was a troubled and unhappy youth who yearned to escape the sparse opportunities and lack of mobility available to Native peoples of rural Nevada. In 1941, he was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. He spent the next thirty-three years at the Nevada State Prison in Carson City, longer than any other inmate in the institution's history. He endured inhumane treatment during his incarceration, was lobotomized, and in 1974 was eventually paroled to a convalescent home in California. His arrest, trial, and incarceration reveal a number of tragic missteps in a criminal justice system that often failed to understand or accommodate the unique needs and circumstances posed by Native American offenders in the Southwest.
Reframing Indigenous Territories: Private Property, Human Rights and Overlapping Claims
Authors: Thom Brian
Published: July 2015

This paper considers the implications of the powerful "overlapping territories" map produced by the government of Canada in its attempt to refute human rights violations charges brought by Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The map is at the core of Canada's defense in that it suggests that overlapping indigenous territories negate claims of exclusivity over the land and therefore any kind of obligations the state may have in respect of human or other indigenous rights in those lands. Revealing the limits of cartographic abstractions of indigenous spatialities, as well as the perilous stakes for indigenous peoples when engaging in conventional discourses of territoriality, these issues have broad significance.
The Professionalization of Indigeneity in the Carib Territory of Dominica
Authors: Shannon Jennifer
Published: July 2015

The origin of enduring stereotypes of Native peoples conjured by Christopher Columbus in the late-fifteenth century, the Kalinago people of today live in Dominica, an island with a unique, complicated history of settlement and resistance. Kalinagos dedicated to raising "cultural consciousness" participate in Dominican museum and heritage projects as well as in international indigenous meetings abroad. This article suggests the concept of "the professionalization of indigeneity" to consider how some Native people are experts at representation itself: producers of representations of their communities both on their communities' behalf and for the public abroad, yet always with attention to state relations at home.
"Canada under Attack from Within": Problematizing "the Natives," Governing Borders, and the Social Injustice of the Akwesasne Dispute
Authors: Monchalin Lisa , Marques Olga
Published: July 2015

When protests arose from a new Canadian federal policy requiring border officers to carry handguns in 2009, authorities shut down the border to Akwesasne Territory. An initial Canada Broadcasting Corporation news article on this highly publicized event caused an influx of people to post opinions to the online article's message board. Examining 657 of these comments, we analyze the embeddedness of discourses relating to securitization, sovereignty, and citizenship. Highlighting the contentious dichotomy that defines the problematic as either "the Natives" or "the State," this article reveals how many perceptions are filtered through a colonialist lens—a mentality that considers Native peoples a threat and assumes that Canada is "under attack from within."
Bashas' Diné Markets and the Navajo Nation: A Study of Cross-Cultural Trade
Authors: Carder Susan
Published: July 2015

The Navajo Nation occupies more than 27,000 square miles in the Four Corners region of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. Population is widely dispersed. The Navajo (Diné) People are isolated both culturally and physically from the mainstream population of the region. Unemployment rates consistently exceed 20 percent and nearly 40 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. In this unlikely setting a retail chain of supermarkets, Bashas' Diné Markets, is thriving. This study analyzes cross-cultural trade practices on the Navajo Nation from the early traders to today's supermarkets and the positive impact the Diné Markets have had on the Navajo Nation. The study also looks at the potential for the Diné Markets to serve as a model for niche marketing to similar cultural clusters.
Weaving a Transnational Narrative: Yellow Woman and Orature in Almanac of the Dead
Authors: Toll Shannon
Published: July 2015

This article identifies parallels between Leslie Marmon Silko's Storyteller and Almanac of the Dead, focusing on the recurrence of Yellow Woman, a figure of Keresan orature. Yellow Woman embodies female sensuality and its potential to incite social or structural change within communities, and I argue that in Almanac, Silko employs textual reinterpretations of Yellow Woman to demonstrate the importance of cross-cultural, indigenous-led movements toward decolonization. Finally, I compare Almanac to the current Idle No More movement, noting their similarities as vast transnational, transindigenous, and even transracial campaigns that model beneficial Native and non-Native ally relationships within the struggle against colonial oppression.
"Something Savage and Luxuriant": American Identity and the Indian Place-Name Literature
Authors: Herman R
Published: July 2015

The treatment of American Indian place-names provides a window into the growth of American nationalism since 1776 and attitudes towards Indians by the new settler society. Originally ignored or erased by European colonists, Indian place-names became a subject of fascination and scholarship from the late-nineteenth century, at the same time that Indians themselves were marginalized to reservations. A large body of literature produced by non-Natives sometimes frames these place names as "romantic," and other times as distinctly unromantic. In the voluminous literature on this topic, the treatment of Indians and their place-names reflects diverse and shifting attitudes towards American Indians in United States culture, as elaborated by Philip Deloria and Robert Berkhofer. Drawing on approximately 120 texts on Indian place-names, this study uses the lens of romance, a polyvalent term with various implications, to examine how non-Native writings on these toponyms reveals attitudes towards Indians themselves and their place in the American nationalist imagination.
Recent patterns of terrestrial net primary production in africa influenced by multiple environmental changes
Authors: Pan Shufen , Dangal Shree R. S. , Tao Bo , Yang Jia , Tian Hanqin
Published: July 2015

Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) is of fundamental importance to food security and ecosystem sustainability. However, little is known about how terrestrial NPP in African ecosystems has responded to recent changes in climate and other environmental factors. Here, we used an integrated ecosystem model (the dynamic land ecosystem model; DLEM) to simulate the dynamic variations in terrestrial NPP of African ecosystems driven by climate and other environmental factors during 1980–2009. We estimate a terrestrial NPP of 10.22 (minimum–maximum range of 8.9–11.3) Pg C/yr during the study period. Our results show that precipitation variability had a significant effect on terrestrial NPP, explaining 74% of interannual variations in NPP. Over the 30‐yr period, African ecosystems experienced an increase in NPP of 0.03 Pg C/yr, resulting from the combined effects of climate variability, elevated atmospheric CO
2
concentration, and nitrogen deposition. Our further analyses show that there is a difference in NPP of 1.6 Pg C/yr between wet and dry years, indicating that interannual climatic variations play an important role in determining the magnitude of terrestrial NPP. Central Africa, dominated by tropical forests, was the most productive region and accounted for 50% of the carbon sequestered as NPP in Africa. Our results indicate that warmer and wetter climatic conditions, together with elevated atmospheric CO
2
concentration and nitrogen deposition, have resulted in a significant increase in African terrestrial NPP during 1980–2009, with the largest contribution from tropical forests.
Upgrading of Athabasca Bitumen Using Supported Catalyst in Conjunction With In-Situ Combustion
Authors: Abu Ibrahim Inamah , Moore R. Gordon , Mehta Sudarshan A. , Ursenbach Matthew G , Mallory Donald G , Pereira Almao Pedro , Carbognani Ortega Lante
Published: July 2015

Dry and normal wet combustion-tube tests were examined to study the upgrading potential of Athabasca bitumen supplied by Japan Canada Oil Sand Limited, using supported catalyst in conjunction with in-situ combustion. These tests were part of a larger program of combustion-tube tests performed by the In Situ Combustion Research Group under the auspices of the Alberta Innovates Centre for In Situ Energy (AICISE). The tests were premixed and carried out at the same pressure, 1,500 psig, preheat temperature, 95C, and ignition temperature, 350C. The catalysts bed for the dry combustion was heated externally to 325C while that of the normal wet combustion was not heated externally. Water was coinjected to achieve a stabilized water/air ratio of 1.8 kg water/m3 (ST) air injected for the normal wet combustion. Significant hydrodenitrogenation coupled with decreased viscosity and increased gravity in API was observed for both tests, indicating upgrading of the original Athabasca bitumen.
Mapping Fall Dormancy and Winter Injury in Tetraploid Alfalfa
Authors: Li Xuehui , Alarcón‐Zúñiga Baldomero , Kang Junmei , Nadeem Tahir M. Hammad , Jiang Qingzhen , Wei Yanling , Reyno Rafael , Robins Joseph G. , Brummer E. Charles
Published: July 2015

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely planted perennial forage crop. Fall dormancy is generally negatively correlated with winter injury in alfalfa. To understand the genetic basis of the two traits, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling autumn growth and winter injury using a tetraploid alfalfa F1 population. In total, 601 marker alleles were scored from 78 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 123 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR), and 48 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Linkage maps were constructed for each parent separately. Both maps contained eight linkage groups (LGs), with a length of 898 cM for WISFAL‐6 and 845 cM for ABI408. Using interval mapping, we identified 15 QTL from an across‐environment analysis and 71 QTL within individual environments for autumn plant height; winter injury; and autumn shoot, crown, and root biomass across four Iowa environments. Of the 71 QTL, 42 were identified at 18 chromosomal locations that were identified in multiple environments for the same trait. Possible pleiotropic QTL that contributed to dry weight of shoot, crown, and taproot were found, which partially explained the observed genetic correlations between those traits. However, few QTL were related to both autumn plant height and winter injury, supporting the observation of no genetic correlation between the two traits in this study. These results indicated that the two traits could be manipulated independently and, possibly, efficiently improved using marker‐assisted selection. Because most QTL identified in this study were mapped to intervals of at least 10 cM, validation and localization in additional populations is needed to facilitate application of marker‐assisted selection.