bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation on Powder-Post Beetle, Dinoderus minutes (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Infesting Dry Bamboo and Wooden Materials in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed KN , Zulfiqr CM
Published: April 2008

J. bio-sci. 14: 131-132, 2006
Diet and Life Style Modification be able to Reduce the Risk of Coronary Heart Diseases
Authors: Nessa A , Uddin MM , Ferdousi S , Hussain MA
Published: April 2008

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):40-41.
A WIRELESS NETWORK SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED TRACKING OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ON PROJECT SITES
Authors: Jang Won-Suk , Skibniewski Mirosław J.
Published: April 2008

This paper presents a new prototype framework of automated tracking and monitoring system for construction materials. Previous technologies such as RFID and GPS deployed in construction material tracking have been reviewed and signal strength‐based localisation has been examined. As an emerging network standard for industrial applications, brief specifications of ZigBee™ protocol have been described. We introduce a ZigBee‐based tracking system architecture using hybrid techniques of RF and ultrasound to improve positioning accuracy and cost benefit. Finally, feasibility analysis and application scenario have been examined to present the possible deployment framework in construction area. Santrauka Straipsnyje aprašomas naujas automatizuotos statybinių medžiagų stebėsenos sistemos modelis. Apžvelgiamos tokios technologijos, kaip RFID ir GPS, anksčiau naudotos stebint statybines medžiagas, ir nagrinėjamas signalo stiprumu pagrįstas lokalizavimas. Aprašoma tinklo standarto ZigBee™ protokolo, naudojamo pramonėje, specifikacija. Pateikiama ZigBee tipo stebėjimo sistema, naudojanti RF ir ultragarso technologiją, skirtą pozicionavimo tikslumui gerinti ir jo kainai mažinti. Be to, pateikiama sistemos galimybių analizė ir taikymo sistema, nagrinėjanti galimą šios sistemos naudojimą statyboje.
CFD PREDICTIONS OF INDOOR AIR MOVEMENT INDUCED BY COLD WINDOW SURFACES/VĖSIŲ LANGŲ PAVIRŠIŲ SUKELIAMO ORO JUDĖJIMO TYRIMAI PASITELKIANT KOMPIUTERINIO MODELIAVIMO METODUS
Authors: Jurelionis Andrius , Isevičius Edmundas
Published: April 2008

During the past decades, large windows and glazed façades have become an important part of modern architecture and they are designed frequently in both public and residential buildings. However, besides the positive effect of such a design on building occupants, large windows may cause thermal discomfort. Cold inner window surface may generate draught in the occupied zone. Thermal comfort in rooms is usually assessed by measuring air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and heat transfer due to radiation. In this study computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods have been used to investigate these phenomena. Air movement caused by cold vertical window surfaces was evaluated and its impact on thermal comfort conditions in rooms have been outlined. Windows of different constructions and having different heat transmission coefficients were modelled (2.4, 1.6 and 1.0 W/m2K). CFD predictions showed that even in cases of low window thermal transmittance coefficient (U value), thermal discomfort conditions may appear in the room if the height of the window is more than 2.0 meters. Santrauka Dideli langai ir stiklo fasadai tapo neatsiejama šiuolaikiškos architektūros dalis. Jie projektuojami ne tik visuomeniniuose, bet ir individualiuose namuose. Nekalbant apie teigiamus tokios architektūros aspektus, didelių matmenų langai gali tapti šiluminio diskomforto priežastis. Už patalpos orą vėsesnis vidinis stiklo paviršius sukelia žemyn nukreiptą oro srautą, kuris tam tikru greičiu patenka į žmonių gyvenamąją arba darbo zoną. Vėsių stiklo paviršių sukeltų oro srovių intensyvumas priklauso nuo lango šiluminių savybių, jo konstrukcijos bei šildymo prietaisų įrengimo vietų. Dažniausiai mikroklimato sąlygos patalpose vertinamos matuojant oro temperatūrą, santykinį drėgnį, oro judrumą ir šilumos mainus spinduliavimu. Straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kuriam buvo pasitelktas kompiuterinis oro judėjimo modeliavimas (skaitiniai skysčių ir dujų dinamikos metodai). Buvo tiriama oro judėjimo patalpose priklausomybė nuo langų bei stiklo fasadų konstrukcijų ir šiluminių savybių. Modeliuojant įvertinti trys langų tipai, kurių šilumos perdavimo koeficientų vertės: 2,4; 1,6 ir 1,0 W/m²K. Rezultatai parodė, kad net ir mažiausiai šilumai laidūs langai gali sukelti neleistiną oro judėjimą patalpose, jei jų aukštis viršija 2 metrus.
SHRINKAGE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES: A COMPUTATIONAL ASPECT/BETONO TRAUKIMOSI ĮTAKA GELŽBETONINIŲ ELEMENTŲ ELGSENAI: SKAIČIAVIMO YPATUMAI
Authors: Gribniak Viktor , Kaklauskas Gintaris , Bacinskas Darius
Published: April 2008

This paper introduces the recent state of research on shrinkage of concrete. It reviews prediction models of shrinkage strain and curvature analysis methods of reinforced concrete members. New test data on concrete shrinkage has been presented. Various factors that influence shrinkage have been discussed. A calculation technique on short‐term deformations of cracked reinforced concrete members including shrinkage has been introduced. The technique is based on layer model and smeared crack approach. Shrinkage influence on behaviour of reinforced concrete beams was investigated numerically and compared with test data reported in the literature. It has been shown that shrinkage has significantly reduced the cracking resistance and leads to larger deflections. Santrauka Straipsnyje atlikta betono traukimosi įtakos gelžbetoninių elementų elgsenai analizė, pateikta betono traukimosi deformacijų apskaičiavimo modelių apžvalga, aptarti traukimosi sukeltų kreivių nesimetriškai armuotuose gelžbetoniniuose elementuose apskaičiavimo metodai, taip pat pateikti nauji betono traukimosi eksperimentinių tyrimų duomenys. Aptarti veiksniai, turintys įtaką traukimosi deformacijoms, aprašytas supleišėjusių gelžbetoninių elementų trumpalaikių deformacijų apskaičiavimo algoritmas, rodantis traukimosi įtaką. Algoritmas pagrįstas sluoksnių modeliu ir vidutinių deformacijų koncepcija. Traukimosi įtaka gelžbetoninių sijų elgsenai nagrinėta, taikant normų bei sluoksnių metodus. Teoriniai rezultatai palyginti su literatūroje paskelbtais eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatais. Parodyta, kad betono traukimasis gerokai sumažina trumpalaike apkrova veikiamų gelžbetoninių sijų atsparumą pleišėjimui bei lemia didesnes įlinkių reikšmes.
Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant Individuals
Authors: Williams Joshua T. B. , Kurlandsky Kate , Breslin Kristin , Durfee M. Joshua , Stein Amy , Hurley Laura , Shoup Jo Ann , Reifler Liza M. , Daley Matthew F. , Lewin Bruno J. , Goddard Kristin , Henninger Michelle L. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Hanson Kayla E. , Fuller Candace C. , Weintraub Eric S. , McNeil Michael M. , Hambidge Simon J.
Published: April 2024

Importance

Pregnant people and infants are at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Understanding changes in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant and recently pregnant people is important for public health messaging.

Objective

To assess attitudinal trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines by (1) vaccination status and (2) race, ethnicity, and language among samples of pregnant and recently pregnant Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) members from 2021 to 2023.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional surveye study included pregnant or recently pregnant members of the VSD, a collaboration of 13 health care systems and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unvaccinated, non-Hispanic Black, and Spanish-speaking members were oversampled. Wave 1 took place from October 2021 to February 2022, and wave 2 took place from November 2022 to February 2023. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to September 2023.

Exposures

Self-reported or electronic health record (EHR)–derived race, ethnicity, and preferred language.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Self-reported vaccination status and attitudes toward monovalent (wave 1) or bivalent Omicron booster (wave 2) COVID-19 vaccines. Sample- and response-weighted analyses assessed attitudes by vaccination status and 3 race, ethnicity, and language groupings of interest.

Results

There were 1227 respondents; all identified as female, the mean (SD) age was 31.7 (5.6) years, 356 (29.0%) identified as Black race, 555 (45.2%) identified as Hispanic ethnicity, and 445 (36.3%) preferred the Spanish language. Response rates were 43.5% for wave 1 (652 of 1500 individuals sampled) and 39.5% for wave 2 (575 of 1456 individuals sampled). Respondents were more likely than nonrespondents to be White, non-Hispanic, and vaccinated per EHR. Overall, 76.8% (95% CI, 71.5%-82.2%) reported 1 or more COVID-19 vaccinations; Spanish-speaking Hispanic respondents had the highest weighted proportion of respondents with 1 or more vaccination. Weighted estimates of somewhat or strongly agreeing that COVID-19 vaccines are safe decreased from wave 1 to 2 for respondents who reported 1 or more vaccinations (76% vs 50%; χ21 = 7.8; P < .001), non-Hispanic White respondents (72% vs 43%; χ21 = 5.4; P = .02), and Spanish-speaking Hispanic respondents (76% vs 53%; χ21 = 22.8; P = .002).

Conclusions and Relevance

Decreasing confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety in a large, diverse pregnant and recently pregnant insured population is a public health concern.
Application of the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction in Clinical Practice in Scotland and Sweden
Authors: Taggart Caelan , Roos Andreas , Kadesjö Erik , Anand Atul , Li Ziwen , Doudesis Dimitrios , Lee Kuan Ken , Bularga Anda , Wereski Ryan , Lowry Matthew T. H. , Chapman Andrew R. , Ferry Amy V. , Shah Anoop S. V. , Gard Anton , Lindahl Bertil , Edgren Gustaf , Mills Nicholas L. , Kimenai Dorien M.
Published: April 2024

Importance

Whether the diagnostic classifications proposed by the universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) to identify type 1 MI due to atherothrombosis and type 2 MI due to myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance have been applied consistently in clinical practice is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the application of the universal definition of MI in consecutive patients with possible MI across 2 health care systems.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from 2 prospective cohorts enrolling consecutive patients with possible MI in Scotland (2013-2016) and Sweden (2011-2014) to assess accuracy of clinical diagnosis of MI recorded in hospital records for patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 MI. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to February 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the proportion of patients with a clinical diagnosis of MI recorded in the hospital records who had type 1 or type 2 MI, adjudicated by an independent panel according to the universal definition. Characteristics and risk of subsequent MI or cardiovascular death at 1 year were compared.

Results

A total of 50 356 patients were assessed. The cohort from Scotland included 28 783 (15 562 men [54%]; mean [SD] age, 60 [17] years), and the cohort from Sweden included 21 573 (11 110 men [51%]; mean [SD] age, 56 [17] years) patients. In Scotland, a clinical diagnosis of MI was recorded in 2506 of 3187 patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 MI (79%) and 122 of 716 patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 2 MI (17%). Similar findings were observed in Sweden, with 970 of 1111 patients with adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 MI (87%) and 57 of 251 patients with adjudicated diagnosis of type 2 MI (23%) receiving a clinical diagnosis of MI. Patients with an adjudicated diagnosis of type 1 MI without a clinical diagnosis were more likely to be women (eg, 336 women [49%] vs 909 women [36%] in Scotland; P < .001) and older (mean [SD] age, 71 [14] v 67 [14] years in Scotland, P < .001) and, when adjusting for competing risk from noncardiovascular death, were at similar or increased risk of subsequent MI or cardiovascular death compared with patients with a clinical diagnosis of MI (eg, 29% vs 18% in Scotland; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, the universal definition of MI was not consistently applied in clinical practice, with a minority of patients with type 2 MI identified, and type 1 MI underrecognized in women and older persons, suggesting uncertainty remains regarding the diagnostic criteria or value of the classification.
Vitamin C Supplementation Among Pregnant Smokers and Airway Function Trajectory in Offspring
Authors: McEvoy Cindy T. , Shorey-Kendrick Lyndsey E. , MacDonald Kelvin D. , Park Byung S. , Spindel Eliot R. , Morris Cynthia D. , Tepper Robert S.
Published: April 2024

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial analyzes the association of vitamin C supplementation in women who smoked during pregnancy with airway function trajectory in their offspring at 4 to 6 years of age.
A flash in the pan? The population dynamics of a dominant pioneer species in tropical dry forest succession
Authors: Dávila‐Hernández Gerardo , Meave Jorge A. , Muñoz Rodrigo , González Edgar J.
Published: April 2024

Globally, around half of all tropical forests are secondary communities which are recovering from previous disturbances. In these communities, dominant pioneers play a critical role in the successional dynamics due their ability to modify the environment, and thus to facilitate or hinder the performance of other species. In this study, we examined the population dynamics of the dominant pioneer species, Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa, in a tropical dry forest during the process of secondary succession. We collected data from permanent plots over a period of 13 years and used integral projection models to analyze the vital rates and changes in population size. Most vital rates were negatively related to successional age, with resprouting, survival and recruitment of individuals responding more strongly, and individual growth rate more weakly. These vital‐rate trends translated into significant variation of population size over succession, with a maximum size at year four and a rapid decline thereafter. Overall, our findings suggest that this species benefits from its ability to display a large number of resprouts in very early stages of succession, contributing to the rapid increase in population density. However, as succession unfolds, a lack of resprouting and a decline in survival reduce its population size, to the point of local extinction. These results highlight the importance of resprouting in the early dynamics of tropical dry forest communities recovering from disturbance.
Multi‐Material Digital Light Processing (DLP) Bioprinting of Heterogeneous Hydrogel Constructs with Perfusable Networks
Authors: Yang Ming , Chu Lang , Zhuang Yanfeng , Qi Cheng , Meng Si , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian
Published: April 2024

The challenges of replicating the complex mechanical and structural diversity of natural tissues in vitro by leveraging multi‐material digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting are addressed. This technique utilizes PEGDA‐AAm bio‐ink to develop multi‐component, cell‐laden hydrogel constructs with varying moduli. These constructs not only possess heterogeneous mechanical properties but also feature complex architectures and precisely engineered surface microstructures. The hydrogel microfluidic chips are successfully fabricated with perfusable microchannels, embedding various cell types within the matrix. This approach enables the bioprinting of intricate cell‐laden structures with unique surface topologies, such as spiral grooves and triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), which effectively influence cell alignment, spreading, and migration. By integrating various cell‐laden PA hydrogels, the diverse mechanical moduli of biological tissues, including bone, liver lobules, and vascular networks are replicated. This technique ensures high‐fidelity differentiation between cell types and regions. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of substrate modulus and structure on cell behavior, underscoring the potential of multi‐component, multi‐modulus hydrogel constructs in creating sophisticated structures with custom‐tailored mechanical properties. This study significantly advances the field by demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of multi‐material DLP bioprinting in developing complex, functionally relevant tissue models for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Multi‐Scale Ice Inhibition Platform Enables Full‐Cycle Cryogenic Protection for Mouse Oocyte
Authors: Chang Tie , Tian Conghui , Zheng Yifan , Yang Yating , Liu Tao , Chen Zhongrong , Shao Yue , Shi Qinghua , Liu Huanzhong , Cao Yunxia , Zhao Gang
Published: April 2024

Cryopreservation of metaphase II (MII) oocytes is crucial to preserve female fertility. However, the existing vitrification technology just provides partial cryogenic protection for oocytes and must use high concentrations of toxic penetrating cryoprotective agents (CPAs, up to 4.8 M). Here, a multi‐scale ice inhibition platform is proposed, which effectively suppresses ice crystal morphology, ice recrystallization (IR), temperature gradient, and devitrification. This platform achieves mouse oocyte survival rate of 98.6% using the low concentration of CPA (3.1 M) while also possessing batch oocyte cryopreservation ability. In contrast, recovered oocytes show a much more modest variation of genes compared with the conventional method (85 vs. 1396 genes), retaining normal fertilization, embryonic development, and birth to healthy offspring. Diverging from the conventional vitrification method with partial cryogenic protection capability, this platform introduces full‐cycle ice inhibition, offering promising prospects for achieving high‐quality and scalable fertility preservation.
Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks: Dimensionality Effect on Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Han Bin , Liang Bin , Zhang Enhui , Li Jie , Li Yunfei , Zhang Qi , Xie Zheng , Wang Hailong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: April 2024

Dimensionality of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in terms of 2D and 3D, must greatly influence their properties and functionalities due to the different electronic and porous structures, but still less investigated in the 20 years history. Herein, on the basis of the imidization reaction of phthalocyanine‐based tetraanhydride monomers with either 1,4‐phenylenediamine or 1,3,5,7‐tetra(4‐aminophenyl)adamantine, 2D and 3D imide‐bonded COFs with sql and pts topology have been prepared to explore their third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In contrast to metal‐free analogues, both 2D and 3D copper‐phthalocyanine COFs have the enhanced NLO behaviors according to the open aperture Z‐scan and optical limiting (OL) results recorded under a nanosecond laser at 532 nm. In particular, 2D COFs with strong π–π staking phthalocyanine units show the NLO property with bigger third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (Imχ(3)) and unique reverse saturation absorption response at 1064 nm than that of 3D species with dispersed conjugated modules. Furthermore, femtosecond transient absorption spectra disclose the longer excited lifetimes of copper COFs than metal free samples, helpful in their NLO property. These findings clearly disclose the materials advantages of 2D phthalocyanine COFs toward the NLO characteristics and provide new candidates for OL application.
Homo‐Dyad with Outer Hydration Layer Approach for Developing NIR‐II Chromophore of High Stability and Water‐Solubility as Injectable and Sprayable Optical Probe
Authors: She Zunpan , Li Rong , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: April 2024

Dyes with extended conjugate structures are the focus of extensive design and synthesis efforts, aiming to confer unique and improved optical and electronic properties. Such advancements render these dyes applicable across a wide spectrum of uses, ranging from second‐window near‐infrared (NIR‐II) bioimaging to organic photovoltaics. Nevertheless, the inherent benefits of long conjugation are often accompanied by persistent challenges like aggregation, fluorescence quenching, absorption blueshift, and low stability and poor water solubility. Herein, a unique structural design strategy termed “homo‐dyad with outer hydration layer” is introduced to address these inherent problems, tailored for the development of imaging probes exhibiting long absorption/emission wavelengths. This approach involves bringing two heptamethine cyanines together through a flexible linker, forming a homo‐dyad structure, while strategically attaching four polyethylene glycol (PEG9) chains to the terminal heterocycles. This approach imparts excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, and enhanced chemical, photo‐, and spectral stability for the dyes. Utilizing this strategy, a biomarker‐activatable probe (HD‐FL‐4PEG9‐N) for NIR‐II fluorescent and 3D multispectral optoacoustic tomography imaging is developed, and its effectiveness in disease visualization. It can not only serve as an injectable probe for acute kidney injury imaging due to its high water solubility, but also a sprayable probe for imaging bacterial‐infected wounds.
Space‐Time Coding Metasurface For Multifunctional Holographic Imaging
Authors: Hu Yuan , Chen Shao Nan , Shi Yan , Liu Xi , Wang Jia Yi
Published: April 2024

Holographic imaging as one of promising image techniques reconstructs object image using the amplitude and phase information scattered from objects. Programmable metasurface composed of digitally coding unit cells can arbitrarily manipulate amplitude and phase of the scattering wave by tailoring operation states of the unit cells, and thus achieves high‐resolution imaging reconstruction. However, the conventional metasurface can only achieves a desired holographic image on an imaging plane. This paper presented a time‐space coding 2‐bit metasurface to overcome this challenge. By rapidly switching PIN diodes loaded in metasurface unit cell according to the customized time sequences, the magnitude and phase of the ±1st order harmonic fields can be fully controlled, achieving the hologram imaging at the higher order harmonics. The proof‐of‐concept measurements are given to demonstrate the versatile holographic imaging functions at the ±1st order harmonics including two different holographic images on an imaging plane, holographic imaging and beam scanning, and holographic imaging and orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave generation, which undoubtedly enriches the applications of the programmable metasurfaces in the field of the holographic imaging.
A Computational Pipeline for Accurate Prioritization of Protein‐Protein Binding Candidates in High‐Throughput Protein Libraries
Authors: Mondal Arup , Singh Bhumika , Felkner Roland H. , De Falco Anna , Swapna GVT , Montelione Gaetano T. , Roth Monica J. , Perez Alberto
Published: April 2024

Identifying the interactome for a protein of interest is challenging due to the large number of possible binders. High‐throughput experimental approaches narrow down possible binding partners but often include false positives. Furthermore, they provide no information about what the binding region is (e.g., the binding epitope). We introduce a novel computational pipeline based on an AlphaFold2 (AF) Competitive Binding Assay (AF‐CBA) to identify proteins that bind a target of interest from a pull‐down experiment and the binding epitope. Our focus is on proteins that bind the Extraterminal (ET) domain of Bromo and Extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, but we also introduce nine additional systems to show transferability to other peptide‐protein systems. We describe a series of limitations to the methodology based on intrinsic deficiencies of AF and AF‐CBA to help users identify scenarios where the approach will be most useful. Given the method‘s speed and accuracy, we anticipate its broad applicability to identify binding epitope regions among potential partners, setting the stage for experimental verification.
Metal Ion‐Mediated Optical Biosensors with Signal Amplification: Recent Advances
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wang Chao , Xu Lijun , Pei Renjun
Published: April 2024

Signal amplification is critical for the detection of meaningful trace targets in the field of biomedicine, food analysis, and environmental protection. A growing number of signal amplification techniques for biosensors involving metal ions have been reported in recent years, due to the merits of simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. This review summarizes the recent advancement and outlines the signaling methods (i. e. metal‐responsive probes, metal‐catalyzed reactions, regulating catalysis, and atom spectrometry) that metal ions play in biosensing as well as their applications. Besides, the potential and challenges to be addressed in the field are discussed.
Establishment of low‐cost production platforms of polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastics from Halomonas cupida J9
Authors: Wang Siqi , Liu Yujie , Guo Hongfu , Meng Yan , Xiong Weini , Liu Ruihua , Yang Chao
Published: April 2024

Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is greatly restricted by high production cost arising from high‐temperature sterilization and expensive carbon sources. In this study, a low‐cost PHA production platform was established from Halomonas cupida J9. First, a marker‐less genome‐editing system was developed in H. cupida J9. Subsequently, H. cupida J9 was engineered to efficiently utilize xylose for PHA biosynthesis by introducing a new xylose metabolism module and blocking xylonate production. The engineered strain J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA has the highest PHA yield (2.81 g/L) obtained by Halomonas with xylose as the sole carbon source so far. This is the first report on the production of short‐ and medium‐chain‐length (SCL‐co‐MCL) PHA from xylose by Halomonas. Interestingly, J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA was capable of efficiently utilizing glucose and xylose as co‐carbon sources for PHA production. Furthermore, fed‐batch fermentation of J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA coupled to a glucose/xylose co‐feeding strategy reached up to 12.57 g/L PHA in a 5‐L bioreactor under open and unsterile condition. Utilization of corn straw hydrolysate as the carbon source by J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA reached 7.0 g/L cell dry weight (CDW) and 2.45 g/L PHA in an open fermentation. In summary, unsterile production in combination with inexpensive feedstock highlights the potential of the engineered strain for the low‐cost production of PHA from lignocellulose‐rich agriculture waste.
Study on the antidepressive effects and mechanism of raw and fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen via metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis
Authors: Du Chenhui , Han Rui , Wu Jiang , Zhao Ni , Pei Xiangping , Qin Xuemei , Yan Yan
Published: April 2024

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) and fried ZSS (FZSS) have been used for treating insomnia and depression in China. However, the potential influence of chemical variations on their efficacy remains unclear. This study demonstrated that compared with ZSS, FZSS exhibited an increase in the content of seven compounds, while the fatty oil content decreased. Both ZSS and FZSS exhibited antidepressive effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model, indicating a synergistic regulation of deficiencies in 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the brain and the hyperactivation of severe peripheral inflammation. ZSS demonstrated a superior modulatory effect compared with FZSS, as indicated by integrated pharmacodynamic index, metabolic profile, and relative distance value. The potential mechanism underlying their antidepressive effects involved the modulation of gut microbiota structure to alleviate excessive inflammatory responses and imbalanced tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analysis indicated that the higher fatty oil contents should be comprehensively considered as the main reason for ZSS's superior antidepressive effects, achieved through the regulation of pyroglutamic acid levels.
An exploration of primary school teachers' perspectives on children's rights
Authors: Yılmaz Bolat Emine , Şahin Leyla , Erdal Muhammed
Published: April 2024

This study endeavors to scrutinize the perspectives of primary school teachers regarding children's rights. Employing qualitative research methods, particularly a case study approach, the research delves into the insights of 14 teachers working in a primary school within the Turkish Cypriot region during the 2022–2023 academic year. Data collection was facilitated through the utilization of a semi‐structured interview form, and subsequent analysis was conducted via content analysis. The findings underscore a discernible lack of adequate knowledge among teachers pertaining to children's rights, particularly in the context of violations occurring on social media platforms. In response, recommendations are posited, advocating for the implementation of in‐service training programs to enhance teachers' awareness, the integration of children's rights throughout all stages of primary education, collaborative efforts between the Turkish Education Institution and the Information Technologies Communication Authority to raise awareness among families and educators, and the inclusion of a dedicated course on children's rights in the curriculum of the Turkish Cypriot Region Teacher Academy and university faculties of education.
Effect of ether medium in LiTFSI and LiFSI‐based liquid electrolytes for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Grotkopp Nico L. , Horst Marcella , Garnweitner Georg
Published: April 2024

Liquid battery electrolytes are utilized in most battery systems to date as they provide improved electrode contact and ionic conductivity compared to solid electrolytes; however, they pose major challenges regarding safety. Being highly flammable, toxic, and volatile, leakage of such a liquid electrolyte is always considered a major safety risk. Hence, the improvement of liquid electrolytes remains an important goal, especially for high gravimetric energy battery systems like the lithium–sulfur battery (LSB), which is considered a suitable battery type to enable fully electric‐powered aviation. Here, a study on the effects of a variation of the electrolyte media and salt was conducted to establish an inexpensive alternative liquid electrolyte system to the state‐of‐the‐art DOL/DME electrolyte of LSB. The combination of DEGMEE and LiFSI led to the best cycling performance showing an increase in cycling stability (110 cycles at 97% Coulombic efficiency) and specific capacity (~500 mAh g−1 in the 110th cycle) at a moderately high C‐rate of 0.25 C, which for our coin cell system translates to a moderate current of ~1.8 mA (~1.2 mA cm−2).
Construction of DBU–based Poly (ionic liquid)s for the Conversion of CO2, Glycerol, and Propylene Oxide into Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Luo Cong , Tang Haoru , Lu Houfang , Wu Kejing , Liu Yingying , Zhu Yingming , Wang Binshen , Liang Bin
Published: April 2024

The development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for upgrading CO2, a greenhouse gas, and glycerol (Gly), an untapped biomass resource, into glycerol carbonate (GC) remains a challenge. Herein, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec–7–ene (DBU)–based poly (ionic liquid)s (PILs) were constructed for the one–pot synthesis of GC from CO2, Gly, and propylene oxide. Among them, P−DVB−DBUVBI–1 exhibited the best catalytic performance, achieving a GC yield of 90 % under optimal reaction conditions (100 °C, 6 h). The PIL catalyst was easily recovered and reused, as demonstrated by stable activity over five cycles. Density functional theory calculations showed that owing the strong positive charge delocalization ability of DBU onium, DBU–based PILs exhibit high nucleophilicity, which is the key to their efficient catalytic performance in the one–pot reaction.
Thermally Induced Structure and Functionality Evolution of a Pt–based Lean NOx Trap Catalyst
Authors: Ren Dezhi , Wang Chengxiong , Yang Dongxia , Wu Yinglong , Feng Feng , Du Junchen , Yu Fei , Zhu Jingfang , Zhao Yunkun
Published: April 2024

Applying a NOx trap catalyst to effectively remove NOx contaminants from the oxygen–rich exhaust is still very challenging, due to the lack of use guidance based on deactivation mechanisms. The temperature–dependent Pt sintering rate constant was described using Pt dispersion determined by pulse CO chemisorption. It was found that 700–850 °C was the determining temperature regions for the significant Pt sintering, according to the sintering kinetics and the evolution of active Ptδ+ sites. The weak basicity plays a critical role in trapping NOx at low–temperature (≤300 °C), and the NOx trap efficiency decreases because of the loss of catalytic activity and medium basicity caused by forming BaAl2O4 phase. The reduction of NOx towards N2 on the Pt crystallites smaller than 18 nm is structure sensitive and decreases with losing the reducibility of catalysts. The security for long–time use of a NOx trap catalyst should be exposed to the exhaust gas within 750 °C, and effectively removing NOx contaminants requires it to be worked in the 350–500 °C regions. These findings can guide engineers and applied chemists how to efficiently use a NOx trap catalyst in the automotive exhaust purification system.
Cross‐Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Aryl Alkynes Catalyzed by an Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon
Authors: Sil Swagata , Krishnapriya Anattil Unnikrishnan , Mandal Pallabi , Kuniyil Rositha , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: April 2024

Catalytic cross‐coupling between aryl halides and alkynes is considered an extremely important organic transformation (popularly known as the Sonogashira coupling) and it requires a transition metal‐based catalyst. Accomplishing such transformation without any transition metal‐based catalyst in the absence of any external stimuli such as heat, photoexcitation or cathodic current is highly challenging. This work reports transition‐metal‐free cross‐coupling between aryl halides and alkynes synthesizing a rich library of internal alkynes without any external stimuli. A chemically double‐reduced phenalenyl (PLY)‐based molecule with the super‐reducing property was employed for single electron transfer to activate aryl halides generating reactive aryl radicals, which subsequently react with alkyne. This protocol covers not only various types of aryl, heteroaryl and polyaryl halides but also applies to a large variety of aromatic alkynes at room temperature. With a versatile substrate scope successfully tested on more than 75 entries, this radical‐mediated pathway has been explained by several control experiments. All the key reactive intermediates have been characterized with spectroscopic evidence. Detailed DFT calculations have been instrumental in portraying the mechanistic pathway. Furthermore, we have successfully extended this transition‐metal‐free catalytic strategy for the first time towards solvent‐free cross‐coupling between solid aryl halide and alkyne substrates.
Influence of Lattice Defects on Trans‐Oligoene Substructure Formation in Graphene
Authors: Grote Fabian , Eigler Siegfried
Published: April 2024

The photochemical reaction of iodine and graphene induces strong new Raman modes due to the formation of trans‐oligoene substructures in graphene domains. This unique reactivity was demonstrated before on defect‐free graphene, however leaving the influence of e. g. carbon vacancies, unexplored. Here, we investigate the photochemical reaction applied on graphene with varying average distances of lattice defects and statistically analyze the characteristic Raman modes which develop with the iodination reaction. We show that the iodination reaction does not lead to Raman‐active defects and thus, the newly formed trans‐oligoene substructures do not contribute to the D‐mode of graphene. A statistical analysis reveals the correlation between the average distance of lattice defects and the intensity of the v1‐mode. For defective graphene with average defect distances below ~1 nm no new Raman modes evolve, which is the lower limit of the substructure size probed at 532 nm and explains why this observation was not possible before using common graphene oxide as graphene source.
Cybersecurity in Chemieanlagen
Authors: Brombach Felix , Schmidt Artjom
Published: April 2024

Die Vernetzung von teilweise alten Systemen birgt die Gefahr von Cyberbedrohungen, die die Sicherheit, Verfügbarkeit und Integrität von Anlagen gefährden. Zudem sind Fachkräfte für Cybersecurity von Betriebstechnik begrenzt verfügbar und auf dem Arbeitsmarkt heiß umkämpft. Eine Analyse zeigt, wie Betreiber mit den möglichen Gefahren für Chemieanlagen mit etablierte Sicherheitspraktiken wie beispielsweise KAS 51 und IEC 62443 umgehen können.
achhaltiges und energieeffizientes Wirtschaften
Authors: Jürgensen Leif
Published: April 2024

Das öl geht zur Neige, Strom und Gas werden als taktische Kriegswaffen eingesetzt, unser Planet wird immer wärmer, der Meeresspiegel steigt ‐ die Menschheit kann nicht so weitermachen wie bisher. Was gibt es für neue Ideen, wie jetzt acht Milliarden Menschen nachhaltig auf der Erde leben können?
Digital ‐ aber bitte richtig!
Authors: Molina Mari C. , Trunzer Emanuel
Published: April 2024

Ethernet‐APL verspricht endlich die Feldebene von Prozessanlagen zu digitalisieren und den vorhandenen Datenschatz im Feld nutzbar zu machen. Neben technischen Fragen steht aber auch die Frage im Raum, wie man solch eine Technologieeinführung möglichst sauber und effizient begleitet. Aus diesem Grund wurde die NAMUR APL Task Force ins Leben gerufen, um die Einführung auch organisatorisch zu begleiten. Und aktuelle Erhebungen zu laufenden Projekten zeigen, dass die Einführung von Ethernet‐APL auf großes Anwenderinteresse stößt und das Potenzial gesehen wird.
Maintainer 2024 vergeben
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: April 2024

Anlagenverfügbarkeit ist einer der Schlüsselfaktoren für eine gute Anlagenperformance und Produktivität ‐ und das gilt übergreifend für quasi alle Industrieanlagen. Daher spielt die Instandhaltung eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle für Betreiber und ihre Weiterentwicklung wird gefördert. Der Maintainer Award zeichnet Instandhaltungsteams für “Best Practice” und “Innovation” aus und wurde auch dieses Jahr wieder auf den Maindays verliehen. Die Lösungen der Preisträger haben eines gemeinsam: sie nutzen smarte, digitale Tools und machen die Instandhaltung effizienter.
Multi‐site Passivation of ZnO Metal Oxides via Biomolecules for Efficient and Highly Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ismail Irfan , Khalil Maria , Gao Xiaomei , Chen Xingze , Jawad Muhammad , Huang Rong , Li Zhiyun , Tsiwah Emmanuel Acheampong , Li Wei‐shi , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive Summary

ZnO nanoparticles (nps) among metal oxide (MOs) are proven to be essential electron transporting layers (ETLs) applied in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, intrinsic defects, interfacial charge recombination, and catalytic behavior towards the active layer restrict the applications of ZnO nps for efficient and long‐term stable OSCs. The commonly available biomolecule cytidine 5'‐monophosphate (CMP‐OH) with phosphonic acid, its salt cytidine 5'‐monophosphate disodium salt (CMP‐ONa) with a phosphate group as an anchoring group and conjugated terminal functional in both analogous molecules provide carrier transfer bridge at bottom interface of the active layer. Systematized theoretical investigations and characterizations have discovered the multi‐site coordination of CMP‐OH towards acceptor molecules and ZnO nps. The dual‐side alignment of CMP analogous molecules hinders interfacial charge recombination and enhances charge transfer potential at once. Inevitably, PM6:L8‐BO‐based OSCs with modified ETL obtain 18.13% efficiency, 12% higher than that of unmodified nps. Besides higher efficiency, CMP‐OH‐based OSC devices illustrate remarkably improved thermal stability for 500 h at 85 °C with 72% of initial PCE and operation stability for 2000 h with 90.1% of initial PCE. This work reveals the passivation mechanism of multi‐anchoring groups towards MOs and single‐functional groups towards the active layer to optimize the interface for efficient and highly stable OSCs.
Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of folds of the cerebrum using gyrencephalic ferrets
Authors: Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

The mammalian cerebrum has changed substantially during evolution, characterized by increases in neurons and glial cells and by the expansion and folding of the cerebrum. While these evolutionary alterations are thought to be crucial for acquiring higher cognitive functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum remain only partially understood. This is, in part, because of the difficulty in analyzing these mechanisms using mice only. To overcome this limitation, genetic manipulation techniques for the cerebrum of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets have been developed. Furthermore, successful gene knockout in the ferret cerebrum has been accomplished through the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review mainly highlights recent research conducted using gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of cortical folds.
Arecoline in buccal cells reflects Areca nut dose
Authors: Lai Jennifer F. , Mendez Ana Joy , Li Xingnan , Wilkens Lynne R. , Herzog Thaddeus , Franke Adrian A.
Published: April 2024

Areca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose. Self‐reported AN doses, expressed as the average AN load (“AANL”), the product of AN amount, chewing time, and chewing frequency, were correlated by regression analysis with chewers' BC arecoline, measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We then determined whether associations differed between Class 1 chewers (who consume AN alone or with slaked lime, leaf, and/or spices) and Class 2 chewers (who consume any combination of the aforementioned ingredients plus tobacco). Among the 103 chewers, 28 Class 1 and 39 Class 2 chewers had detectable arecoline levels, which were used for analyses. A linear regression of cube‐root transformed AANL on equally transformed BC arecoline levels provided the best model fit; resulting slopes and corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.40 (p < 0.01) for all; 1.09 and 0.51 (p < 0.01) for Class 1 chewers; 0.35 and 0.17 (p = 0.29) for Class 2 chewers; and 0.94 and 0.45 (p < 0.01), and 0.79 and 0.37 (p = 0.08), respectively, for those who included or excluded lime. Relationships between AANL and BC arecoline levels were similar between chewers who included or excluded lime (p = 0.76), but less between chewing classes (p = 0.14). This provides confidence that BC arecoline can generally act as a reliable biomarker for AN dose, useful for estimating efficacy in AN cessation studies and population‐based chewing assessments.
The biological characteristics of chicken embryo mesenchymal stem cells isolated from chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Wu Yue , Wang Yunan , Gan Weijun , Jiang Wei
Published: April 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal membranes (FMs) have the potential to exhibit immunosuppression, improve blood flow, and increase capillary density during transplantation. In the field of medicine, opening up new avenues for disease treatment. Chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), as an important component of avian species FM structure, has become a stable tissue engineering material in vivo angiogenesis, drug delivery, and toxicology studies. Although it has been confirmed that chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (Ch‐MSCs) can be isolated from the outer chorionic layer of FM, little is known about the biological characteristics of MSCs derived from chorionic mesodermal matrix of chicken embryos. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics of MSCs isolated from chorionic tissues of chicken embryos, including cell proliferation ability, stem cell surface antigen, genetic stability, and in vitro differentiation potential. Ch‐MSCs exhibited a broad spindle shaped appearance and could stably maintain diploid karyotype proliferation to passage 15 in vitro. Spindle cells were positive for multifunctional markers of MSCs (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, OCT4, and NANOG), while hematopoietic cell surface marker CD34, panleukocyte marker CD45, and epithelial cell marker CK19 were negative. In addition, chicken Ch‐MSC was induced to differentiate into four types of mesodermal cells in vitro, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts. Therefore, the differentiation potential of chicken Ch‐MSC in vitro may have great potential in tissue engineering. In conclusion, chicken Ch‐MSCs may be an excellent model cell for stem cell regenerative medicine and chorionic tissue engineering.
Biological and environmental covariates of juvenile sockeye salmon distribution and abundance in the southeastern Bering Sea, 2002–2018
Authors: Yasumiishi Ellen M. , Cunningham Curry J. , Farley Ed V. , Eisner Lisa B. , Strasburger Wesley W. , Dimond John A. , Irvin Paul
Published: April 2024

Climate change is altering the distribution and abundance of marine species, especially in Arctic and sub‐Arctic regions. In the eastern Bering Sea, home of the world's largest run of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), juvenile sockeye salmon abundance has increased and their migration path shifted north with warming, 2002–2018. The reasons for these changes are poorly understood. For these sockeye salmon, we quantify environmental and biological covariate effects within spatio‐temporal species distribution models. Spatio‐temporally, with respect to juvenile sockeye salmon densities: (1) sea surface temperature had a nonlinear effect, (2) large copepod, Calanus, a minor prey item, had no effect, (3) age‐0 pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), a major prey item during warm years, had a positive linear effect, and (4) juvenile pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) had a positive linear effect. Temporally, annual biomass of juvenile sockeye salmon was nonlinearly related to sea temperature and positively related to age‐0 pollock and juvenile pink salmon abundance. Results indicate that sockeye salmon distributed with and increased in abundance with increases in prey, and reached a threshold for optimal temperatures in the eastern Bering Sea. Changes in population dynamics and distribution of sockeye salmon in response to environmental variability have potential implications for projecting specific future food securities and management of fisheries in Arctic waters.
Flower visits and pollinator pollen load networks reveal the effects of pollinator sharing on heterospecific pollen transfer in a subalpine plant community
Authors: Fang Qiang , Wu Jiajun , Zhang Tao , Ba Suyan , Zhao Chunyan , Dai Panfeng
Published: April 2024

The mutualistic network of plant–pollinator also involves interspecific pollination caused by pollinator sharing. Plant–pollinator networks are commonly based on flower visit observations, which may not adequately represent the actual pollen transfer between co‐flowering plant species. Here, we compared the network structure of plant–pollinator interactions based on flower visits (FV) and pollen loads (PL) on the bodies of pollinators and tested how the degree of pollinator sharing in the two networks affected heterospecific pollen transfer (HPT) between plant species in a subalpine meadow. The FV and PL networks were largely overlapped. PL network included more links than FV network. The positions of plant and pollinator species in the FV and PL networks were positively correlated, indicating that both networks could detect major plant–pollinator interactions. The degree of pollinator sharing, based on either the FV or the PL network, positively influenced the amount of heterospecific pollen transferred between plant species pairs. However, the degree of pollinator sharing had a low overall explanatory power for HPT, and the explanatory powers of the FV and PL networks were similar. Overall, our study highlights the importance of FV and PL for understanding the drivers and outcomes of plant–pollinator interactions, as well as their relevance to HPT.