bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
John Collier’s Paintings of Clytemnestra
Authors: Muskett Georgina
Published: February 2025

The British artist John Maler Collier produced two paintings of the legendary Mycenaean queen Clytemnestra, in which he incorporated elements of contemporary archaeological discoveries. Archaeological excavations in Europe in the late 19th century included Heinrich Schliemann’s work at Hisarlık (identified as Troy) and Mycenae. These were followed in the early 20th century by archaeological excavations on Crete, revealing Minoan society, including those by Arthur Evans. Collier gave the paintings, one from 1882 and the other from around 1914, the simple title ‘Clytemnestra’, both depicting the moment the queen has just murdered her husband Agamemnon at Mycenae, as related by several classical authors. The earlier version of the painting depicts Clytemnestra wearing a costume reminiscent of Archaic or Classical Greece, albeit with accessories that have parallels from much earlier periods, specifically Early Bronze Age Hisarlık, Mycenaean Greece and Early Iron Age Greece. The later version shows Clytemnestra wearing a costume that has elements from Minoan Crete, radically different from the earlier version, although again with Trojan and Mycenaean accessories. In both paintings, Collier created an architectural setting featuring Mycenaean motifs, very accurately rendered but used in a somewhat anachronistic manner. The author considers the two differing depictions of Clytemnestra using the methodology of identifying specific archaeological objects that Collier incorporated into his two paintings and, in addition, suggests ways in which he could have encountered them. The conclusion is that for both paintings, Collier followed the principles outlined in his treatise ‘A Manual of Oil Painting’ to make use of all knowledge available to him at the time of the latest archaeological discoveries from the Aegean Bronze Age.
Ancient Art in the Collection of the National Museum in Gdańsk
Authors: First Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

Among the Polish collections of antiquities, a lesser-known set of ancient artifacts is housed in the National Museum in Gdańsk. This collection includes Egyptian, Etruscan, Roman, and Coptic artifacts of uncertain provenance and acquisition history. The only definite aspect is the acquisition of some items: Coptic fabrics from the collection of Robert Forrer—a Swiss collector, antiquarian, archaeologist, and art historian. The remaining artifacts stored in Gdańsk have not been thoroughly studied; they do not form a homogeneous collection, and it cannot be ruled out that they may also be remnants of former bourgeois collections dating back to the 16th century or German collections acquired in Gdańsk after World War II.
Rare pseudotumoral hepatic tuberculosis mimicking malignancy: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Labied Mohamed , Khabab Rahma , Mountassir Chorouk , Lembarki Ghizlane , Sabiri Mouna , Lezar Samira
Published: February 2025

Pseudotumoral hepatic tuberculosis (TB) is an exceptionally rare manifestation of TB, often mimicking hepatic malignancy on imaging studies. We report the case of a 51-year-old female diagnosed with a low-grade tubulovillous adenoma of the ampulla of Vater, who presented with hepatic lesions initially suspected to be metastatic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple hypointense lesions with heterogeneous enhancement and restricted diffusion. Histopathological examination of a liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pseudotumoral TB. The patient underwent a 6-month course of antitubercular therapy, after which follow-up MRI demonstrated complete resolution of the hepatic lesions. This case highlights the importance of considering pseudotumoral hepatic TB in the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of TB. Histological confirmation remains essential, and timely initiation of antitubercular treatment can result in excellent clinical outcomes.
Pesquisa em enfermagem: desafios contemporâneos e estratégias para potencialização
Authors: Barreto Mayckel da Silva , Marques Fernanda Ribeiro Baptista , Magnabosco Gabriela Tavares , Santos José Luis  Guedes dos , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: refletir sobre os desafios da pesquisa em enfermagem e estratégias pragmáticas para sua potencialização. Conteúdo: ensaio teórico-reflexivo pautado na literatura relacionados ao tema, às vivências e aos insights dos autores em seus processos particulares e coletivos de construção do conhecimento na área da enfermagem. Os principais desafios identificados foram: manutenção de um perfil direcionado e limitado das pesquisas. carência de financiamento, deficiência na formação durante a graduação, necessidade de novas lideranças em pesquisa e dificuldades na difusão dos resultados dos estudos. Como principais estratégias pragmáticas, citam-se: promover maior visibilidade da ciência da enfermagem para sua inclusão nas agendas técnico-científicas e nos financiamentos, aproximar enfermeiros assistenciais da pesquisa, fortalecer a formação do enfermeiro enquanto pesquisador e ampliar a divulgação e consumo dos resultados das investigações. Considerações finais: o fortalecimento e avanço da pesquisa em enfermagem perpassam pela transposição dos desafios enfrentados pela área para visibilizar seu saber próprio.
A guide to scarlet fever
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: February 2025

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that mainly affects children. It is a notifiable disease. This article provides a brief overview of the symptoms, complications and risk factors, and diagnosis and management of scarlet fever.
Farm Better, Farm Different
Authors: Tyler Neil
Published: February 2025

AgTech advances are helping to power innovation in farming.
On The Fast Track
Authors: Patrick Mark
Published: February 2025

What are the key issues when designing a clinical-grade ultra-low-power vital signs monitor?
Holistic intelligence and smart organization affecting the performance of standard medical laboratory guidelines of medical technologists at community hospitals in Health Region 7
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand., Phordee Warunyu , Prasit Nakarin ,   Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand., Nonthamat Amphawan ,   Nursing, Bangkok hospital, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Sresutham Puwanart ,   ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group (ACEP), Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.
Published: February 2025

Background: Medical laboratories are vital components of healthcare systems in community hospitals, serving as frontline facilities in public healthcare. The development of laboratory quality standards requires comprehensive improvement in personnel and organizational aspects to ensure public confidence and safety in service delivery.

Objective: This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the effects of holistic intelligence and intelligent organization on medical laboratory standard practices among medical technologists in community hospitals within Health Region 7.

Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 187 medical technologists from community hospitals in Health Region 7, selected through stratified random sampling proportionally by province, followed by simple random sampling within each province. Data were collected between November 13-23, 2024, using an online questionnaire validated for content by three experts, with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.988. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression.

Results: The results revealed that overall holistic intelligence was at a high level (Mean=4.12, SD=0.45), overall intelligent organization was at a high level (Mean=3.80, SD=0.65), and overall adherence to medical laboratory standards was at a high level (Mean=4.27, SD=0.49). Both holistic intelligence and intelligent organization showed statistically significant moderate positive correlations with medical laboratory standard practices (r=0.599, p<0.001 and r=0.557,><0.001 and r=0.557, p<0.001 and r=0.557,><0.001, respectively). Predictive factor analysis identified organizational learning system co-creation (B=0.266), moral and ethical intelligence (B=0.262), and emotional intelligence (B=0.213) as significant predictors, collectively explaining 47.2% of the variance in medical laboratory standard practices (R²adj=0.472).

Conclusion: Based on these findings, relevant agencies should develop organizational learning systems through the establishment of learning centers and mentoring systems, enhance moral and ethical intelligence through training and knowledge exchange, and improve personnel emotional management skills to elevate the quality and safety standards of medical laboratory operations in community hospitals.
Chromosome number of some species of Hymenophyllaceae from Thailand
Authors: CHOKRASSAMEEHIRUN SIWAKORN , KRAICHAK EKAPHAN , JARUWATTANAPHAN TASSANAI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Chokrassameehirun S, Kraichak E, Jaruwattanaphan T. 2024. Chromosome number of some species of Hymenophyllaceae from Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4389-4396. Hymenophyllaceae, known by the common name filmy ferns family, a basal family of leptosporangiate ferns, comprises ca.450 species and is distinctive amongst the entire pteridophytes by mostly unistratrose lamina. Classification and evolution of the family have fascinated botanists for many decades. Chromosome numbers in this family provide insights into evolutionary trends and have been useful for genus delimitation in recent classification schemes. However, interest in studying chromosome counts has declined in recent years. This study aimed to provide additional chromosome counts from Thailand species. Mitotic chromosomes were observed by using the hematoxylin squash technique. Five species belonging to Abrodictyum, Crepidomanes, and Hymenophyllum were examined, including H. acanthoides (Bosch) Rosenst. (2n=2x=41) and H. longifolium Alderw. (2n=2x=72), which were recorded for the first time. All specimens are of the diploid cytotype based on the chromosome base number of the genus. The results support aneuploid reduced evolution in Hymenophyllum, especially in subg. Hymenophyllum, with H. acanthoides showing a unique number, is assumed to have been reduced from 2n=42, which is the most typical within the subgenus. Additionally, A. obscurum (Blume) Ebihara & K.Iwats. var. obscurum (2n=2x=66) and H. exsertum Wall. ex Hook. (2n=2x=42) show consistent numbers within the species, whereas C. minutum (Blume) K.Iwats. (2n=2x=72) displayed some variation within the species, suggesting multiple cytotypes and reticulate evolution. More sampling is still needed for all species to fill the gap in the evolution study for this fern family.
Characteristics and quality of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seeds across various agroecological conditions
Authors: ANUGRAH MUHAMMAD H. , MELATI MELATI , PURWITO AGUS , PALUPI ENDAH RETNO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Anugrah MH, Melati, Purwito A, Palupi ER. 2024. Characteristics and quality of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seeds across various agroecological conditions. Biodiversitas 25: 4406-4415. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.; Anacardiaceae) is a major plantation commodity developed mainly on marginal lands in Eastern Indonesia. This commodity is cultivated in various agroecological conditions, including wet, moderate, and dry climates. This research aims to provide information on the characteristics and quality of cashew seeds from different agroecological conditions and to explore the relationship between these conditions and seed storability. The research was conducted from November 2022 to December 2023. Seeds from two varieties were collected from seed orchards in various agroecological conditions. Seeds of Balakrisnan 02 variety were collected from a wet climate region (Bantul, Yogyakarta), and a moderate climate region (Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara). Seeds of Flotim variety were collected from a moderate climate region (Bangkalan, East Java), and a dry climate region (East Flores, East Nusa Tenggara). The seeds were stored at 16°C and 50% RH for six months. Physical, and physiological quality were observed during the storage. The result showed that drier agroecological conditions produce better physical quality seeds, such as larger seeds with thicker nut shells (fruit skin), and higher peroxidase activity and proline content. Planting the Balakrisnan 02 variety in moderate climate regions produces seeds with higher viability and vigor and longer storage capacity than those in wet climate regions. Meanwhile, Flotim, the drought-tolerant variety, when planted in the dry climate region produces seeds with higher viability but lower vigor and shorter storage capacity than those in moderate climate regions. Despite the differences in seed quality, planting the same variety in different agroecological conditions is still recommended to ensure seed availability due to different harvest times.
Association and distribution patterns of nipah (Nypa fruticans) in a degraded protected mangrove forest
Authors: EDDY SYAIFUL , MILANTARA NORIL , SETIAWAN ANDI ARIF , TAUFIK MIRNA , ROSANTI DEWI , PUTRI SHAREN ANALIA DWINA , RAHMAWATI RAHMAWATI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Eddy S, Milantara N, Setiawan AA, Taufik M, Rosanti D, Putri SAD, Rahmawati. 2024. Association and distribution patterns of nipah (Nypa fruticans) in a degraded protected mangrove forest. Biodiversitas 25: 4525-4534. The invasion of nipah (Nypa fruticans) serves as an indicator of mangrove forest degradation that has occurred globally, impacting biodiversity. Therefore, understanding the population dynamics of nipah is essential for controlling its growth. This study aims to classify land cover types in the Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF), analyze the association of nipah with other plants, and examine its distribution patterns. We employed a descriptive research method, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for land cover change analysis, alongside field surveys to collect data on plant species associated with nipah. Drone photography was used to document nipah populations across various land cover types. Our findings revealed four land cover types in ATPF: primary forest, secondary forest, open area (shrub), and plantation, with 29 plant species associated with nipah. Nipah has spread across various land cover types through multiple mechanisms. We estimate that nipah will dominate nearly all degraded areas of ATPF and hinder the succession process if restoration efforts are not implemented promptly. However, with the right strategies, there is hope for successful restoration. This research contributes to understanding nipah's population dynamics, the implications of its dominance, and strategies for controlling its growth. In addition, this study is more widely useful for information on mangrove ecosystem management, ecological risk assessment, ecosystem restoration efforts, and conservation policy development.
Exploring the microbial diversity and functional potential of Domas Crater of Mount Tangkuban Perahu, Indonesia, through shotgun metagenomics
Authors: SANTOSO HARYONO BUDI , SUWANTO ANTONIUS , PRATAMA RAHADIAN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Santoso HB, Suwanto A, Pratama R. 2024. Exploring the microbial diversity and functional potential of Domas Crater of Mount Tangkuban Perahu, Indonesia, through Shotgun Metagenomics. Biodiversitas 25: 4613-4626. Domas Crater, an extreme environment in Indonesia, is known for high temperatures and acidic conditions, providing a unique habitat for specialized microbial communities. These extreme conditions increase the possibility of discovering thermophilic enzymes with valuable biotechnological applications. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the microbial diversity in Domas Crater using shotgun metagenomics to analyze both previously reported microbes and novel microorganisms comprehensively. Shotgun metagenomics is particularly advantageous in identifying microbial species that cannot be cultured using conventional methods, enabling the exploration of microorganisms with considerable potential. The application of next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools allowed the successful reconstruction of eight high-quality Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs), a testament to the technical proficiency of the study. The genomes were further characterized based on the functional genes, including the enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism or Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme), biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolite (BGCs), and genes associated with micronutrient metabolism. The results showed that the microbial community was dominated by Hydrogenobaculum and Sulfurisphaera, both known for adaptation to extreme environments. Moreover, the first Hydrogenobaculum and Thermocladium were recorded in Indonesia as the novel discoveries of the study. These findings highlight the significance of Domas Crater as a reservoir for novel microbial species, particularly in terms of thermophilic microorganisms with unique enzymatic properties.
Dynamics of vegetation diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-coal mining revegetation land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: HERMAN WELLY , ISKANDAR ISKANDAR , BUDI SRI WILARSO , PULUNGGONO HERU BAGUS , MILANTARA NORIL
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Herman W, Iskandar, Budi SW, Pulunggono HB, Kurniati, Milantara N. 2024. Dynamics of vegetation diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-coal mining revegetation land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4627-4641. Post-coal mining causes significant changes in vegetation, soil, and landscape, necessitating reclamation to increase land area through revegetation activities as per government policy. Revegetation is expected to accelerate the recovery of ecosystem functions and reduce the impact of coal mining activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the dynamics of vegetation diversity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on post-coal mining revegetation land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Vegetation samples were obtained using the purposive sampling method, and AMF analysis was carried out using the wet-sieving decanting method. The results showed an increase in vegetation diversity along with the increasing age of the revegetation plants. The highest control of plant species was Acacia mangium with INP values ??ranging from 100-300%. Vegetation diversity and vegetation dominance index were positively correlated with spore density with correlation coefficient values ??of 0.083 and 0.029. However, the relationship between diversity and vegetation dominance index in influencing spore density had a small effect; the highest spore density was found in revegetation in 2006, with a total of 555 spores per 25 g of soil-1. It can be concluded that natural succession land materials and revegetation in post-coal mining land up to 32 years of age can improve vegetation growth but still cannot match natural forests, both in terms of the number of species growing and the level of vegetation diversity achieved. However, it is important to note that this study has limitations, such as the focus on a specific region and the need for further research to understand the long-term effects of revegetation.
Whole genome sequencing of a siderophore-producing bacterium isolated from Simadu pineapple roots
Authors: WIJAYANTI CUCU , SURYADARMA PRAYOGA , MUBARIK NISA RACHMANIA
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Wijayanti C, Suryadarma P, Mubarik NR. 2024. Whole genome sequencing of a siderophore-producing bacterium isolated from Simadu pineapple roots. Biodiversitas 25: 4860-4869. Siderophores are organic compounds synthesized by bacteria that act as iron-chelating ligands, facilitating the solubilization and transport of iron into the cell. Siderophore-producing bacteria offer significant benefits across various fields of research and application. A recent study investigated a siderophore-producing bacterium, the M7 isolate, from Simadu pineapple roots in the Subang District of West Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) from the complete genome sequence of the M7 isolate through genome mining. Comparative genomic analysis with the strain Providencia manganoxydans LLDRA6 revealed that the M7 isolate has a similar guanine-cytosine (GC) content with a longer sequence length totaling 4,447,159 bp. Genome comparison using average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations indicated that the M7 isolate had a genome similarity of 98.82% with strain P. manganoxydans LLDRA6. Additionally, the genome of the M7 isolate contains systems for iron acquisition and metabolism, which involve mechanisms for regulating iron. A specific region in the M7 isolate encodes the IucA/IucC family of siderophore biosynthesis proteins responsible for aerobactin biosynthesis through non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-independent siderophore (NIS) pathways. Regarding siderophore BGCs, this isolate showed the highest similarity to Providencia stuartii, with differences in genetic redundancy content. Additionally, pathogen prediction results for the M7 isolate indicate that it is not pathogenic to humans, unlike P. stuartii, which is known to be pathogenic. The new siderophore-producing bacterium, the M7 isolate, harbors a duplication of core biosynthesis genes, representing genetic redundancy that supports siderophore biosynthesis. This genetic feature may enable concurrent protein expression, potentially enhancing siderophore accumulation.
Identification of subterranean termites and their attack characteristics on settlements in Jakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: ARINANA ARINANA , ARDIANSYAH FIRMAN , ANDIKA RIKI , TARMADI DIDI , SATIMO SATIMO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Arinana A, Ardiansyah F, Andika R, Tarmadi D, Satimo. 2025. Identification of subterranean termites and their attack characteristics on settlements in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 22-35. The increase in termite attacks on buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia coinciding with the city's construction boom, is reshaping environmental dynamics. This study aims to identify the subterranean termite species responsible for damaging residential structures and to analyze the patterns of these infestations throughout Jakarta. The research was conducted across 57 settlement sites within the city, guided by a comprehensive survey of termite-induced damage and a four-month monitoring period from September to December 2021, during which Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Larusa Adi Sumindo, Jakarta implemented a baiting system. Morphometric identification of the termites revealed at least four species associated with building infestations: Coptotermes curvignathus, C. gestroi, Macrotermes gilvus, and Microtermes insperatus. Coptotermes gestroi was the most prevalent among these, found at 39 sites. The findings indicate that termite damage was most severe in window and door frames (49.1%), while the foundation exhibited the least damage (3.5%). This research highlights not only the diversity of termite species infesting urban areas but also the specific structural components vulnerable to their attacks, including frames, foundations, floors, walls, ceilings, archives, and garden trees. These insights are crucial for developing targeted mitigation strategies and building resilience against these pervasive subterranean termites, supporting sustainable urban development in Jakarta and beyond.
Identification and production of indole-3-acetic acid by bacteria isolated from eco-enzymes
Authors: MEITINIARTI V. IRENE , KASMIYATI SRI , EZRA EZRA , NUGROHO RULLY ADI , KRAVE AGNA S.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Meitiniarti VI, Kasmiyati S, Nugroho RA, Krave AS. 2025. Identification and production of indole-3-acetic acid by bacteria isolated from eco-enzymes. Biodiversitas 26: 111-117. Phytohormone-producing microorganisms are an essential component of biofertilizers. One example of a phytohormone is Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). IAA-producing microorganisms can be originated from various habitats. In this study, IAA-producing bacteria will be isolated from eco-enzyme, a liquid-fermented organic material rich in benefits and contains numerous microorganisms and IAA. The research involves processes of isolation, detection of cell and IAA production, and molecular identification. Through the processes of isolation and purification, 14 bacterial isolates were obtained. After testing their ability to produce IAA using a medium containing L-tryptophan and Salkowski's reagent, only 11 isolates were found to produce IAA. The DNA of these 11 isolates was isolated, amplified, sequenced, and identified through molecular analysis. The nucleotide sequences of these 11 bacterial isolates have been registered in the gene bank and assigned accession numbers PQ095569 to PQ095579. Based on alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis, the 11 isolates were grouped into three categories: the Bacillus group, consisting of Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Priestia megaterium, and Paenibacillus sp.; lactic acid bacteria, including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; and vibrio-shaped bacteria, including Vibrio sp. and Vibrio diazotrophicus. The Bacillus group (including Paenibacillus megaterium) could produce high levels of IAA. However, among the members of this group, P. megaterium exhibited the highest cell production capability and IAA production, with values of 2982.208 mg·L?¹ and 35.49 mg·L?¹, respectively. This high growth ability and IAA production make P. megaterium a promising candidate as an inoculum for use as a PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium).
Exploring habitat characteristics and herpetofauna diversity in the Kamojang and Darajat Geothermal Power Plants, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR , HUSODO TEGUH , MUTAQIN ASEP ZAINAL , KENDARTO DWI RUSTAM , WULANDARI INDRI , PUJIANTO M. PAHLA , SHANIDA SYA SYA , AFRIYANTI FEMI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Megantara EN, Husodo T, Mutaqin AZ, Kendarto DR, Wulandari I, Pujianto MP, Shanida SS, Afriyanti F. 2025. Exploring habitat characteristics and herpetofauna diversity in the Kamojang and Darajat Geothermal Power Plants, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 203-222. Considering their vital role in preserving ecological stability, herpetofauna are essential indicators of the environment's health. From 2019 to 2023, this project examines the herpetofauna's habitat and variety surrounding the Kamojang and Darajat Geothermal Power Plants, West Java, Indonesia. The study's objectives were to monitor species diversity, evaluate habitat conditions, and understand how land use changes affect these species. Data were gathered by vegetation analysis and visual and auditory encounter surveys in various land cover types, including natural forests, mixed gardens, pine plantations, shrubs, swamps, riparian, artificial gardens, craters, and replanting areas. The results identified 37 species of herpetofauna, including 18 amphibians and 19 reptiles. Vegetation analysis revealed that natural forests and riparian zones supported the highest species richness. In contrast, areas with monoculture vegetation, such as pine plantations, had lower biodiversity. Natural habitats tend to have lower temperatures and high humidity, creating ideal conditions for specialist species requiring a stable and humid environment. In contrast, artificial habitats have warmer temperatures and lower humidity, favoring generalist species, which are more adaptable to variable environmental conditions. Artificial habitats also provide diverse microhabitats, such as open areas for basking and shade from plant canopies, which favor certain reptiles and amphibians. Adapting species to these different conditions reflects the importance of maintaining a balance between natural habitats to support specialist species and artificial habitats for more flexible species. This combination of abiotic factors and habitat structure is key to the sustainability of herpetofauna diversity in both areas. Habitat quality was affected by human activities such as land conversion and agriculture, which decreased the diversity of herpetofauna and the vegetation structure. This study emphasizes the significance of habitat conservation and sustainable land management in maintaining biodiversity in geothermal areas.
Comparative study on karyotypes of three Mastacembelus species (Synbranchiformes: Mastacembelidae) from Thailand
Authors: SEREE WATCHARIN , SUPIWONG WEERAYUTH , NUNTAPORN GETLEKLA , DITCHAROEN SUKHONTHIP , DONBUNDIT NATTHASUDA , SEETAPAN KRIENGKRAI , TONGNUNUI SAMPAN , JUNTHARAT SITTHISAK , TANOMTONG ALONGKLOD
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Seree W, Supiwong W, Nuntaporn G, Ditcharoen S, Donbundit N, Seetapan K, Tongnunui S, Juntharat S, Tanomtong A. 2025. Comparative study on karyotypes of three Mastacembelus species (Synbranchiformes: Mastacembelidae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 246-254. Karyotype study or chromosomal study is necessary for some cases of fish taxonomy. The chromosomes of three Mastacembelus species named Zig-zag eel or Mastacembelus armatus, Fire eel or Mastacembelus erythrotaenia, and Tire track eel or Mastacembelus favus using conventional Giemsa staining and Ag-Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR) banding techniques were investigated. The results indicated that conserved diploid number (2n) of 48 and the fundamental number or chromosome arm number (NF) as 62 for all analyzed species of male and female specimens were revealed, although varying in their karyotype structures were observed. Karyotypes of three species are as follows: 12m+2sm+2a+32t, 10m+6sm+32t, and 8m+6sm+34t in M. armatus, M. erythrotaenia, and M. favus, respectively. In each species, positive Ag-NOR markers were differentially observed adjacent to telomeric and/or sub-telomeric regions (telomeric NORs) of metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. In M. armatus, NOR locations are at the long arm of the first metacentric chromosome pair, while in M. favus and M. erythrotaenia, NOR locations are at the short arm of the first submetacentric chromosome and the first metacentric chromosome pairs, respectively. The findings show that Mastacembelus species, despite having a conserved diploid number, differ remarkably in the patterns of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) in their karyotypes. These species-specific patterns can be useful in further characterizing and identifying different species and investigating the evolutionary mechanisms driving the evolution of these fish karyotypes.
A comparison of diversity and catch composition of mini trawl (arad) and lift net (bagan) in Cilincing, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: PRIBADI TRI DEWI KUSUMANINGRUM , YUSFIANDAYANI ROZA , SIMBOLON DOMU , PATANDA MERCY , CAESARIO RACHMAD , SAYIDINA ELNOSAN JEMBAR , VIOLITA SUSANTI RAHAYU
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Pribadi TDK, Yusfiandayani R, Simbolon D, Patanda M, Caesario R, Sayidina EJ, Violita SR. 2024. A comparison of diversity and catch composition of mini trawl (arad) and lift net (bagan) in Cilincing, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 265-277. Arad is a traditional fishing gear that is still popular and widely used in Indonesia, including in Cilincing, the bay in the northern part of Jakarta. Even though the Indonesian government has prohibited this fishing gear, the discarded fishing gear is still utilized by many fishers due to its effective result in getting a large volume of fish caught. A study on the diversity and catch composition of arad (trawl) and bagan (lift net) fishing gear was conducted between January and June 2024 in Cilincing waters to represent active and passive fishing gear. Samples of fish caught from both fishing gears were observed directly, while interviews with the fishers were conducted to get further information on their view. The study showed that in comparison to bagan, arad caught more species, including reef fish. Both fishing gear caught fin-fish and non-finfish (mollusk, crustacean, jellyfish) in different proportions. The data showed that arad caught more species (28) compared to bagan (18). Arad caught mostly demersal fish (57.14%), while bagan mostly caught pelagic fish (53.33%). The value of Total Length (TL) of fish caught by both fishing gears was mostly under the Length of First of Maturity (LM). Referring to the list issued by IUCN, most of the species caught by arad and bagan were in the Least Concern status of conservation, and neither CITES nor the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry has issued any information regarding the population status.
Morphological and ultrastructure alteration of larva Culex pipiens exposed from cassava juice extract
Authors: NINDATU MARIA , JOTLELY HERY , ANAKTOTOTY YOFIAN , LAKOAN MILDA RIANTY
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Nindatu M, Jotlely H, Anaktototy Y, Lakoan MR. 2025. Morphological and ultrastructure alteration of larva Culex pipiens exposed from cassava juice extract. Biodiversitas 26: 306-314. Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 is a mosquito commonly often found in residential areas, particularly in puddles of water and storage tanks. This mosquito serves as a vector for lymphatic filariasis in humans, also known as elephantiasis. To eliminate the transmission of elephantiasis, control strategies one are implemented targeting the growth of C. pipiens larval population. Cassava tubers have the potential as a biolarvicide to control the population and growth of C. pipiens mosquito larvae. This research was aimed to determine the phytochemical content and biolarvicide effectiveness of juice extract cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which may cause damage to the head capsule, thorax, and abdomen of C. pipiens larvae. Phytochemical test on the cassava tubers juice extract (M. esculenta) revealed relatively high levels of flavonoids, ranging from 3 to 3.5 mg. The results of identification using a keyence 3D microscope show the fourth instar larvae of C. pipiens in the control group. The body color is pale, and the head and tail are brownish. Squeezed biolarvicide cassava tubers (M. esculenta) doses of 0.5, 1.5, and 3.5% caused larval mortality above 90% at the 6th hour for 24 hours. Further characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated that a dosage of 3.5% applied for 24 hours caused significant damage to the head capsule, with the exoskeleton connecting the head and thorax nearly detaching. Higher concentration of cassava juice extract resulted in increased body damage to C. pipiens larvae. It can be concluded that the flavonoid compounds in cassava juice extract in this study can effectively damage the bodies of fourth instar C. pipiens larvae, as evidenced by the SEM results.
Antifungal evaluation of some leaves extracts and fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causal agent wilt of tomato
Authors: OSMAN AMANI OSMAN ABDALAL , MOHAMED IBRAHIM SAEED
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Osman AOA, Mohamed IS. 2017. Antifungal evaluation of leaf extracts and fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causal agent wilt of tomato. Bioteknologi 14: 1-8. Fusarium-wilt can attack tomato plants, and it is considered a crop threatening disease of the worldwide. Research was conducted to study the anti-fungal activity of various aqueous leaf extracts, i.e., peppermint, sweet basil plants and river red gum, beside fungicide Revus Top® on the growth of the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, a causal agent of wilt in tomato. In addition to an untreated-control, the experiment took three levels concentration for each aqueous plant extracts, i.e., 25, 50 and 100% and fungicide and applied to tomato plants.  Their inhibitory effects were investigated in terms of retarding the fungal growth percentage. The results revealed that despite the inhibitory effect of fungicide against the fungal growth was more dominant, which range from 83.2% to 100% (no growth was recorded), all levels of concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of the three test plants significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium test compared to the control treatment. Over the course of the experiment, aqueous extracts of river red gum exposed relatively high inhibition zone (44.1, 53.1 and 53.1%) followed by sweet basil (36.8, 51.5, and 54.4%) and peppermint aqueous extract as well (35.5, 39.6 and 39.6%), respectively. There is a common preference that the highest concentration of the plant extracts (peppermint, sweet basil, and river red gum 100%) and fungicide (100%) gave the significantly highest inhibition zones percent (41.9%, 48.5%, 39.3%, and 99.3%) respectively compared to the untreated control. The results showed that the increase of the dosage of aqueous leaf extracts would consistently increase their antifungal activity. Apparently, the test fungus differs in its response to the different concentrations; but overall, growth inhibition increased with the concentration. The study results may be considered promising and serve to encourage others to carry out a phytochemicals analysis of different parts of river red gum plant using different solvents so to determine the bioactive ingredient in each of these parts.
Short Communication: Influence of the content level of teichoic acids in the cells of Staphylococcus aureus on their adhesive properties
Authors: МINUKHIN V. V. , KOCHNEVA E. V.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. ?inukhin VV, Kochneva EV. 2017. Short Communication: Influence of the content level of teichoic acids in the cells of Staphylococcus aureus on their adhesive properties. Bioteknologi 14: 9-11. Teichoic acids (TA) are known to be factors of pathogenicity and virulence. They take part in binding the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells of mucous membranes. The purpose of the research consisted in determining the content of TA in cells of clinical and reference strains of S.aureus and studying the relationship between these acids and adhesive properties of the cell wall. TA from cells of S.?ur?us were extracted by the addition of 10 % trichloroacetic acid to washings of agar cultures; followed by precipitation with cold ethanol, washing with acetone, ethanol, and ether in a desiccator. The content of TA was determined at a SP-46 by optic density (OD) with wavelength ? = 254 nm. When TA were isolated from cells of clinical and reference strains of S.?ur?us, it was revealed that their content levels differed. Values of the clinical strains were higher than those of the reference ones: respectively, (0.373 ± 0.016) versus (0.147 ± 0.014) OD units. This phenomenon could be explained by a high degree of aggressiveness of the clinical strains and could influence the activation of the complement that in its turn caused a systemic response resulting in a decrease of phagocytic activity. The course of the research revealed a direct correlation dependence of the content of TA upon adhesion values (r = 0.643). This dependence could affect the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms.
Mimics of Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections and their Management
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,, Singh Vivek , Sharma Cury ,   Department of Orthopedics, Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,, K S Aditya ,   Department of Orthopedics, Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,, Vayoli Danish ,   Department of Orthopedics, Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,, Barik Sitanshu ,   Department of Orthopedics, Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, AIIMS, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2025

Musculoskeletal infections in pediatric and adolescent populations pose challenges due to heightened pathogen virulence and emerging antimicrobial resistance. Prompt diagnosis is hindered by conditions mimicking these infections, necessitating multidisciplinary approaches. Recent advancements in diagnostics facilitate accurate differentiation. Common mimickers include cellulitis, neoplasms, hematological disorders, inflammatory conditions and stress fractures. Overlapping symptoms demand thorough history-taking and clinical assessment. Laboratory investigations, including CRP and procalcitonin, aid diagnosis, alongside imaging modalities like MRI. Management involves collaborative efforts, emphasizing early recognition, antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention as needed. Adherence to guidelines and vigilant monitoring optimize outcomes and mitigate risks. This article describes the common mimickers of MSK infection in children and the approach to reaching a correct diagnosis by thorough history taking, clinical examination, relevant laboratory investigations, and appropriate radiological investigations.

Keywords: Infection mimickers, Pediatric infections, MSKI, Blood markers, Multidisciplinary approach
Crouch Gait: Evaluation and Management
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal academy of higher education, Manipal, Karnataka,, Shah Hitesh , Ganjwala Dhiren ,   Ganjwala Orthopaedic Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Published: February 2025

Crouch gait, a common gait abnormality in spastic diplegia, is characterized by increased knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and reduced hip extension during the stance phase. It occurs due to impairments in anti-gravity muscles and is often aggravated during adolescence due to growth spurts. The condition can result from factors such as lever arm dysfunction, joint deformities, muscle elongation, and weakness. Crouch gait significantly affects mobility, causing early fatigue, patellar tendon elongation, and potential arthritis. Prevention involves strengthening anti-gravity muscles, maintaining proper weight, and using orthoses to correct deformities. Treatment options include surgical interventions like osteotomies, tendon lengthening, and patellar tendon advancement to address deformities and restore function. Non-surgical methods include muscle-strengthening exercises and the use of appropriate orthoses. A comprehensive assessment of modifiable and non-modifiable factors is crucial for tailored management, ultimately improving gait and reducing energy expenditure during walking.
Keywords: Crouch gait, Cerebral palsy, Patella alta, Planovalgus foot, Knee fixed flexion deformity
Atlantoaxial Instability in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India., Lal Sankalp , Damor Pankaj Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India., Tak Mahendra Singh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India., Saini Mukesh Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India., Bhati Mahesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a cluster of conditions in which tumors grow in the nervous system. Even though the spine is the most common site of skeletal involvement in NF type 1 (NF-1), cervical spinal anomalies are infrequent.

Case Report: The atlantoaxial joint is a critical transitional zone in the cervical spine and is prone to instability. We report the case of a 49-year-old gentleman with atlantoaxial instability due to NF-1 who presented with quadriparesis and was managed by reduction with skull traction followed by C1-C2 Goel-Harms fixation.

Conclusion: In the present case, there was substantial bleeding and significant vertebral dysplasia, which makes the case distinctly unique. Skull traction and C1-C2 Goel-Harms fixation with fusion should be considered for patients with NF-1 complicated by atlantoaxial instability.

Keywords: Atlantoaxial instability, neurofibromatosis, Goel-Harms technique.
The Role of Computed Tomography in Achieving True External Rotation in Robotic Knee Replacement: A Retrospective Analysis of 300 Knees
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospitals Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Bhor Pramod , Pawar Sawankumar ,   Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospitals Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Ali Syed ,   Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospitals Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Vatkar Arvind ,   Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospitals Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Kale Sachin ,   Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospitals Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Kutumbe Dnyanada ,   Department of Orthopedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospitals Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Midflexion gap (MFG) malalignment remains a challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), often attributed to inaccurate femoral component positioning. Precise determination of true external rotation (TER) is crucial for optimal implant orientation and MFG reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT)-based TER measurement in robotic knee replacements.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 300 patients who underwent robotic TKA using a system that incorporates CT-derived bone models. TER was measured preoperatively on CT scans.

Results: The mean posterior condylar angle (PCA) (n = 300) between the transepicondylar axis (TEA) and the posterior condylar axis was 2.87 ± 0.73° (95% confidence interval [CI]) with a range of 2.14–3.6°. The external rotation between the anatomical and surgical TEA is 1.19 ± 0.94° (95% CI) with a range of 0.25–2.13°. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the angle is 1 (TEA) and 0.98 (PCA). This highlights potential discrepancies between traditional radiographic measurements and actual TER. Femoral component positioning aligned closer to the CT-based TER compared to standard methods. In addition, a significant reduction in MFG was observed in knees with TER-guided implant placement.

Conclusion: CT-based TER measurement provides a more accurate assessment of femoral rotation compared to conventional radiographs. This improved precision translates into optimal implant positioning and significantly reduces MFG malalignment in robotic knee replacements. Our findings suggest that incorporating CT-based TER into the workflow can enhance the accuracy and outcomes of robotic TKA.

Keywords: Computed tomography-based true external rotation, posterior condylar angle, posterior condylar axis, transepicondylar axis, total knee arthroplasty.