bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whispering Together in the Dark: Rereading Samuel Beckett's Homosociality through Harold Pinter
Authors: Botwick Aaron
Published: May 2018

In a 1960 letter to a friend, Harold Pinter wrote of Samuel Beckett, “I'll buy his goods hook, line, and sinker, because he leaves no stone unturned and no maggot lonely. He brings forth a body of beauty; his work is beautiful.” What do we learn if we take the word “beautiful” seriously? Rereading Waiting for Godot backward through Betrayal, this article argues that Beckett's landscape, typically read as a realization of postwar angst, is in fact one released of the pressures of contemporary living and for Pinter a homosocial Eden. Jerry's joke upon discovering the adultery—“Maybe I should have had an affair with him myself”—expresses his yearning for space where intellectual love can exist outside of heterosocial norms. It is in Waiting for Godot that Pinter finds this space.
Evolução dos estudos sobre a produção de bovinos de corte e a emissão de gases de efeito estufa decorrente dessa atividade na região central do Brasil
Authors: Fachinetto Julhana Dias , Brisola Marlon Vinícius
Published: May 2018

A preocupação com as mudanças climáticas globais tem se tornado cada vez mais evidente com o aumento de debates e discussões sobre o tema em âmbito internacional. O efetivo bovino brasileiro é o maior rebanho comercial do mundo e emite, aproximadamente, 50 kg de metano por animal ao ano. Considerando essa significativa participação da pecuária bovina brasileira na emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), este estudo se propôs a analisar os avanços nas pesquisas brasileiras sobre a atividade de produção de bovinos de corte e seu impacto no meio ambiente no decorrer dos últimos 25 anos, na região central do Brasil, onde se concentra o maior efetivo bovino. Foram utilizados como base de dados os documentos publicados pela Embrapa Gado de Corte durante esse período. Como forma de medida do impacto ambiental causado pela atividade, foi utilizada a média de emissão de metano proveniente da fermentação entérica e do manejo dos dejetos dos animais, multiplicada pelo efetivo da região. Uma matriz booleana foi utilizada como instrumento para comparar os períodos e as variáveis. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que os estudos sobre o impacto da atividade pecuária no meio ambiente não contribuíram satisfatoriamente para a redução individual de metano pelos bovinos ao longo do período, mesmo com o aumento considerável da produção de carne bovina.
Políticas públicas de pagamento por serviços ambientais para a conservação dos recursos hídricos: origens, atores, interesses e resultados da ação institucional
Authors: Chiodi Rafael Eduardo , Marques Paulo Eduardo Moruzzi
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo faz uma análise de diferentes aspectos relacionados aos atores e às instituições responsáveis pela existência de três importantes projetos públicos de pagamento por serviços ambientais para a conservação dos recursos hídricos. Além disso, propõe compreender em que medida estes projetos contribuem para reconhecer e valorizar a multifuncionalidade da agricultura familiar. Para tanto, realizou-se o estudo de caso dos seguintes projetos: ProdutorES de Água (Espírito Santo), Conservador das Águas (Minas Gerais) e Projeto Piloto (São Paulo). Nestes casos, os formuladores, os gestores e os executores dos projetos foram entrevistados. As origens dos projetos mostraram que derivaram da presença de três elementos centrais: capacidade técnica, interesse político e aporte financeiro. A existência destes elementos foi possível graças à atuação de diferentes atores técnicos, políticos e parceiros. Os interesses que moveram suas ações estiveram centrados na visibilidade política e institucional, no acúmulo de expertise ambiental e no intuito da restauração florestal, constituindo também os principais resultados alcançados pelos projetos. No entanto, apesar de seus objetivos de reconhecer, incentivar e apoiar proprietários rurais pela e para a conservação ambiental, não foi esta perspectiva que motivou os atores. Assim, além das dimensões sociais, econômicas e culturais da população rural terem sido em grande medida desconsideradas, com o privilégio da dimensão estritamente ambiental, esta última parece também não ter sido adequadamente tratada. De todo modo, são os significativos resultados institucionais alcançados que permitem explicar o profundo engajamento dos atores para empreenderem tais projetos.
A pesquisa interdisciplinar no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente da Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Authors: Correia Sofia Oliveira de Barros , De Souza Antônio Vital Menezes
Published: May 2018

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o uso e/ou emprego da palavra interdisciplinaridade realizado pelos estudantes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente da Universidade Federal de Sergipe no período de 2003-2014. Adotou-se a Análise do Discurso francesa (ADF) para o tratamento das informações. Os resultados alcançados explicitam que a interdisciplinaridade é assumida consensualmente como um princípio norteador na pesquisa em ciências ambientais. No entanto, nas dissertações produzidas, o emprego e/ou uso do termo interdisciplinaridade demonstra cinco características principais: existem divergências no manejo do conceito entre as pesquisas; é predominante a dimensão teórica da interdisciplinaridade; não existe delineamento metodológico específico à interdisciplinaridade; existe adoção da sustentabilidade como matriz, referência e/ou índice à análise interdisciplinar; elege-se a interdisciplinaridade como um critério de mensuração da aprendizagem. Conclui-se que o emprego e/ou uso da interdisciplinaridade se encontram restritos à dimensão teórica.
Técnica e ética ambiental: um debate entre Jonas e Larrère e Larrère
Authors: Dos Santos Antônio Carlos , Souza Karoline Ketilin Moura
Published: May 2018

Este texto tem por objetivo analisar as implicações do poder da técnica sobre a natureza e os princípios éticos que devem visar à superação desses problemas no mundo contemporâneo, com base em três autores centrais: Hans Jonas e Catherine e Raphäel Larrère. A problemática central do texto é a de que os três autores estão de acordo quanto ao fato de que a promessa da tecnologia moderna converteu-se em ameaça para a humanidade e de que os pressupostos da ética tradicional já não se mostram suficientemente adequados para contornar essa situação. No entanto, eles entram em conflito quanto à operacionalização de uma resposta mais eficaz a esse problema. Jonas propõe o princípio responsabilidade, enquanto Larrère & Larrère sugerem o princípio de precaução. Assim, este artigo visa contribuir com o debate atual sobre a ética ambiental nas ciências ambientais, sob uma perspectiva interdisciplinar.
Políticas públicas e riscos ambientais em áreas de várzea na Amazônia: o caso do PRONAF para produção do açaí
Authors: Tagore Márcia De Pádua Bastos , Do Canto Otávio , Sobrinho Mário Vasconcellos
Published: May 2018

Este artigo discute os riscos ambientais resultantes da implementação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), com foco na produção de açaí (Euterpe oleracea) no estado do Pará. O açaí é uma importante espécie frutífera que serve como base alimentar da população das várzeas da região. Com o aumento de seu valor de mercado, maior produção e produtividade, houve uma alteração no sistema tradicional de manejo dos açaizais. A presente pesquisa buscou entender como esse novo manejo do açaí tem provocado mudanças no ambiente natural, ao mesmo tempo que procurou identificar os riscos ambientais decorrentes destas. Empiricamente, os dados foram levantados no município de Abaetetuba, no estado do Pará. Foram analisadas 56 Declarações de Aptidão ao PRONAF e coletados dados qualitativos em 10 propriedades por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram realizadas entre maio e julho de 2016. A pesquisa mostra que o PRONAF tem sido um importante instrumento de apoio à produção rural e ao aumento da renda dos produtores de açaí. Entretanto, o Programa tem provocado alterações no ambiente natural, as quais resultaram nos seguintes riscos ambientais: (a) mudança na configuração da paisagem, com sua homogeneização e extinção de outras espécies; (b) erosão e assoreamento dos rios, resultante do aumento da área dos açaizais; (c) eliminação de espécies que protegem as margens das áreas de várzea; (d) dependência econômica dos ribeirinhos pela atividade do açaí e (e) perda da diversidade produtiva, uma característica essencial da agricultura familiar ribeirinha.
Young and motivated for self-care? An interview study with young adults suffering from type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hilli Yvonne , Lööf Helena , Malmberg Josefina , Hess Detlef
Published: May 2018

Background: Europe has the largest number of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 286,000 in total. One major goal in diabetes care is to minimise the risk of complications among patients by glycaemic control, medical check-ups and education to support patients’ self-management and quality of life. The aim of the current study was designed to explore young adults’ with type 1 diabetes and their motivation for self-care.Methods: The present study had a qualitative design with a descriptive approach. A purposeful sample of eight (n = 8) young adults with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c > 70 mmol/mol were interviewed. A semi-structured interview with four open-ended questions was chosen as the method. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The results revealed factors both promoting and hindering self-care. The first main category was “Factors promoting motivation for self-care” with three sub-categories: (1) feeling safe and getting support, (2) experiencing control over own life, and (3) striving for wellbeing and meaning in life. The second main category was “Factors that hindered motivation for self-care” with two sub-categories: (1) feelings of vulnerability, and (2) feeling excluded.Conclusions: According to the results, motivation increases with positive response. Therefore a positive approach is of utmost importance when young adults come to the clinic for check-ups. Trying to always find something positive is of great significance for motivation and self-care. The focus should be on health and good experiences in life.
Measuring College Students’ Perceptions to Tolerance Dimensions: Socio-Anthropological Study at Cairo
Authors: Faried Samah
Published: May 2018

The study aimed to exploring the level of tolerance of students towards certain social and religious factors such as gender, ethnicity, caste, religion and religious sects, Also this study focused on how the Tolerance statue can be reformed from being just a value to be a way of life or a way of thinking which transfer it from being  emotions manner to be intellectual and rational manner. Due to this assumption, this study supposes that one of the most direct ways to improve such tolerance and co-existence is through education for tolerance by having such knowledge (cognitive competence) that will help especially youth to develop the conscious mind, be more tolerant and avoid prejudices and stereotypes. This paper identifies two keys educational challenges to learn and teach tolerance: (1) discuss the social and cultural determination of tolerance (socio-culture environment and background) (2) identifies the reason of tolerance change recently at the Egyptian society. For achieving that, this study will depend on focus group and Scale as analysis tools for discussion both determinations and obstacles of socio-culture tolerance. Also, it is important to reveal students’ perception about tolerance after participated in some academic program at the university. Also this study will depend on content analysis to university curricula and activities. It is concluded that there are still a gab inside higher education towards the relationship between youth cognitive competence and inter-ethnic tolerance.
Brand Love no Setor de Cosméticos: Uma Análise Comparativa das Revendedoras de uma Marca Global do Brasil e do México
Authors: Bernardo Maria Helena , Giuliani Antonio Carlos , Pizzinatto Nadia Kassouf , Monteiro Thel Augusto
Published: May 2018

Este artigo teve como propsito central investigar a relao existente entre o amor marca com a profissional de vendas diretas de uma marca global de cosmticos. Para isso, utilizou-se como procedimento metodolgico uma pesquisa com 20 revendedoras dessa marca, sendo 10 do Brasil e 10 do Mxico, pases onde h maior concentrao de vendas. Para a coleta de dados, adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa por meio da utilizao do mtodo ZMET. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com a Teoria Triangular do Amor de Robert Sternberg e revelaram que as revendedoras brasileiras expressam o amor romntico ao demonstrarem paixo e intimidade com a marca. J as revendedoras mexicanas exprimem o amor inconsequente, baseado no alto grau de interesse e desejo de experimentao. Com o conhecimento dessas emoes, torna possvelo planejamento de estratgias de aproximao tendo como base a cultura onde a organizao est inserida.
A new genus and two new species of cave-dwelling cyclopoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the epikarst zone of Thailand and up-to-date keys to genera and subgenera of the Bryocyclops and Microcyclops groups
Authors: Boonyanusith Chaichat , Sanoamuang La-orsri , Brancelj Anton
Published: May 2018

Two obligate cave-dwelling species of cyclopoid copepods (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) were discovered inside caves in central Thailand. Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov. was recognised as a member of a new genus. It resembles Bryocyclops jankowskajae Monchenko, 1972 from Uzbekistan (part of the former USSR). It differs from it by (1) lack of pointed triangular prominences on the intercoxal sclerite of the fourth swimming leg, (2) mandibular palp with three setae, (3) spine and setal formulae of swimming legs 3.3.3.2 and 5.5.5.5, respectively, and (4) specific shape of spermatophore. Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov. resembles M. cushae Reid, 1991 from Louisiana (USA). It differs from it by (1) distal segment of the endopod of the fourth swimming leg with one apical spine, (2) the fifth swimming legs with one broad segment, (3) the spine formula of the distal segment of the exopod of the swimming legs 3.4.3.3, and (4) well developed anal operculum reaching articulation with caudal rami. Detailed descriptions of the habitats of the new species and up-to-date keys to the genera and subgenera of the Bryocyclops and Microcyclops groups are provided, along with an updated list of obligate groundwater species of Copepoda in Southeast Asia.
Reeducação das relações étnico-raciais e ensino de Áfricas: formação continuada de professores (NEAB-UDESC/SC, 2014)
Authors: Rascke Karla Leandro , Cardoso Paulino De Jesus Francisco , Lima Graziela Dos Santos , Pacheco Ana Julia
Published: May 2018

A presente proposta de trabalho visa discutir e avaliar o curso de formação de professores(as) realizado pelo Núcleo de Estados Afro-Brasileiros da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (NEAB-UDESC) a partir do Programa do Governo Federal UNIAFRO-IV (Brasil) voltado para a discussão sobre relações étnico-raciais, história da África e da diáspora africana. Objetivamos realizar uma análise acerca do curso, seus objetivos e metodologia, bem como discutir os resultados alcançados com as discussões propostas nos fóruns de dabate de cada módulo e das atividades finais. Concluímos que a formação possui resultado exitoso, atingindo importante número de professores(as) de todas as áreas do conhecimento nas mais variadas regiões do estado de Santa Catarina, ampliando as possibilidades de abordagem acerca de conteúdos sobre educação das relações étnico-raciais, história da África e da diáspora africana no Brasil, em especial.
Technology Advances Expand Water System Security Options
Authors: Mix Nelson , Gist Forrest , Lynn Randy , Lai Alan
Published: May 2018

Security systems are becoming increasingly intelligent, with more powerful software and greater flexibility. Such technology provides new opportunities for water utilities to upgrade and improve security monitoring.
Utilities Lead the Way in Lead Corrosion Control
Authors: Henrie Tarrah , Shimabuku Kyle , Brandhuber Philip , Fritz Emily , Walsh Ryan , Price Steve , Woodrow Alexis , Elliott Melissa , Kimbrough David
Published: May 2018

Corrosion of piping and solder can be a primary source of lead contamination in drinking water. To minimize the problem, water utilities implement a variety of corrosion control treatments, including pH and alkalinity adjustment, corrosion inhibitors, and other approaches.
Sampling Helps Utility With Gross Alpha Compliance
Authors: Stovall Jeff , Rehring John , Wellborn Geri , Komiske Ken
Published: May 2018

A US water utility measured its aquifer’s uranium isotope activities to comply with the Radionuclides Rule for drinking water.
Unlock AMI’s Potential With Data Analytics
Authors: Pinney Dan
Published: May 2018

Advanced metering infrastructure can collect and combine data from many sources, helping water utilities boost business and operational performance.
Getting Optimized–Optimize Your Utility’s Water Quality Data Collection
Authors: Brewer Todd F.
Published: May 2018

To optimize your utility’s water quality program, you need the best water quality data. Always check in with key critical questions to assess your utility’s ongoing data quality objectives, monitor program needs, and gauge critical factors for success.
Safety Zone–Night Work: Reduced Visibility Increases Hazards
Authors: Staff AWWA
Published: May 2018

Working at night presents some special safety challenges, particularly for people working in traffic areas. The biggest challenge is finding a way to cope with the reduced visibility. At dawn and dusk, the sun is low in the sky and causes glare on a vehicle’s windshield. Once the sun has set, the distance a motorist can see is restricted by headlight efficiency, and some drivers have poor night vision.
Catholic like Orthodox, Orthodox like Catholic. On the history of establishing new religious rites and new architecture of the Orthodox churches in interwar Poland
Authors: Zgliński Marcin
Published: May 2018

The text shows the phenomenon of searching for completely new forms for the use of the Eastern rite in the north-eastern territories of interwar Poland, that is, in the historical area of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Religion and religious rites became a tool in opposing political actions conducted simultaneously by the Polish state and Vatican in this ethnically and religiously diverse region. In the plans for the future, eastern Poland was supposed to form a bridgehead for the prospect missionary action in Russia after the fall of the Bolsheviks. The Congregation of Jesuits was entrusted with a task to introduce the so-called Bizantine (or Neouniate) rite, which would faithfully keep to the liturgical forms of the Russian Orthodox Church and preserve all its typical architectural forms as well as icons, iconostases, paraments, etc. The Jesuit ministry centre was installed in Albertyn near Słonim (now Belarus) in 1926, where in 1936–1937 missionaries were furnished with a complex consisting of a Latin Church and an Eastern Orthodox Church, designed by architect Tadeusz Majewski. The temples, both serviced by the Jesuits, were placed symmetrically along two sides of the court, which was to symbolise the equality of both rites in the Roman-catholic universe. The Orthodox Church followed the eastern forms and most of its elements resembled a typical Russian temple in its décor, although figures of the Jesuit saints were introduced to the iconography of some of the icons.
From the point of view of the Polish state authorities, the Neouniate action had a harmful effect due to propagating Russian, Belarusian or Ukrainian languages in the rite, which might have sapped the strength of Polishness in the eastern borderlands of the state. Therefore, since the mid-1930s, the state authorities, with a large share of the army, promoted the creation of a “Polish Orthodox Church” with services to be celebrated in Polish. In contrast to the Neouniate action, in which the Catholic rite was to be masked under the forms as close as possible to the Russian Orthodox Church on the basis of kind of “mimicry”, in the Polish Orthodox Church all the elements of religious cult had to be as far as possible from the Russian tradition and would be transformed into a “native” Polish rite. Besides, a new iconography was to be created. To this end, it was decided to build a prototypic “Polish Orthodox Church” in Grodno. Its construction began in 1938 (on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of regaining independence), but was not completed on account of the outbreak of war. As a result of competition, a design by architect Rościsław Rumiancew was selected. It represented an unusual, modern form, quite different from typical Orthodox Churches erected in the region before the World War I. Some extravagant modifications were introduced: among others, a glass dome, several large stained-glass windows and an iconostasis built from glass bricks.
The 10-year anniversary of the Republic of Lithuania: the State celebration program of 1928 and the monuments of independence
Authors: Smilingytė-Žeimienė Skirmantė
Published: May 2018

The Supreme Committee for the 10-year Anniversary Celebration of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania was established in 1928. The committee performed its mission making the national rally campaign of the celebration of two state festivals – February 16 and May 15. The organizational skills and experience of Vladas Nagevičius in developing the national important memorial symbols should be noted. He was the chairman of the committee and the director of the Military Museum. The year 1928 evidenced the first manifestation of the global cultural memory in Independent Lithuania. A model of the ceremonial communication of the state festivals was created. It had an important component – a monument – a materialization sign of the memorial. To achieve their objectives, the committee used the periodicals, the Church, radio, artists and, of course, local communities. Dealing with the problems of commemorative monuments – the lack of funding, the risk of cheap monuments, the need to design an exceptional memorial object with national traditions, the committee inspired to introduce the shape of a splendour wooden cross as an identity standard. The Committee and the majority of citizens considered that the traditional monuments of cross-crafting is a successful reflection of the nationhood. The Supreme Committee had an exceptional role in designing the commemorative process in 1928.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a South African psychosocial model for the rehabilitation of torture survivors
Authors: Dix-Peek Dominique , Werbeloff Merle
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the significance of cultural variations in emotion for the meaning and impact of torture, focusing on the dynamics of shame, humiliation, and powerlessness. Forms of physical and psychological pain and suffering share some common neurobiological pathways and regulatory systems that are influenced by social and cultural factors. All forms of torture follow an affective logic rooted both in human biology and in local social and cultural meanings of experience. Understanding the impact of specific forms of torture on individuals requires knowledge of their learning histories, and of the personal and cultural meanings of specific kinds of violence. Exploring cultural meanings requires attention to over-arching discourse, embodied practices, and everyday engagements with an ecosocial environment. Restitution, treatment and recovery can then be guided by knowledge of cultural meanings, dynamics, and strategies for coping with catastrophic threats, injury, humiliation, helplessness and loss.Introduction: To address the consequences of past torture experiences as well as current traumas and daily stressors, the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) developed a contextually appropriate psychosocial framework for the rehabilitation of individuals who have been affected by torture. Method: To test the efficacy of this framework, a quasiexperimental study was conducted with torture survivor clients of the CSVR who met the 1985 United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) definition. A comparison group of clients (n=38) was initially included on a waiting list and thereafter received treatment, whilst the treatment group of clients (n=44) entered straight into treatment. Results: Baseline t-test comparisons conducted on 13 outcome indicators revealed significantly better initial psychological health and functioning of clients in the treatment group than those in the comparison group, with moderately large differences on PTSD, trauma and anxiety, and strong difference in depression scores. Three-month follow-up comparisons using the conservative Wilcoxon test revealed significantly greater improvement on the functioning and anxiety indicators of the treatment group relativeto the waiting-list comparison group (odds ratios = 2.49 and 2.61 respectively). After a further three months, when treatment was based on the CSVR framework for both groups, fewer than half the respondents remained in the study (n=20 in the treatment group; n=16 in the comparison group), and the Wilcoxon repeated measures test results on changes since baseline were counter-intuitive: for these remaining clients, there were now more significant outcome improvements for the comparison group than for the treatment group.See pdf for remainder of Abstract.
The Chronic Traumatic Stress Framework: A conceptual model to guide empirical investigation and mental health treatment for refugees and survivors of torture
Authors: Fondacaro Karen , Mazulla Emily
Published: May 2018

An increasing number of refugees and survivors of torture resettled in the United States are presenting to clinics for treatment related to trauma and postmigration difficulties. Although clinicians experienced in treating trauma with diverse populations may recognize the limitations of a PTSD diagnosis, one of the primary diagnoses received by refugees and survivors of torture remains post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A variety of interventions exist (e.g., supportive, trauma specific, interdisciplinary including physical, social and psychological) for survivors of torture and trauma that move beyond this diagnosis, however, a unifying conceptual model is needed to guide treatment and further the empirical investigation and evidence base in this growing field. In this paper, we propose a broader biopsychosocial framework of the impact of traumatic war events including the measurement of stress related to post migration living difficulties, and daily hassles while highlighting the importance of protective and risk factors. Intervention outcomes emphasize resilience, physical well-being, and mental well-being, along with traumatic stress symptoms. We describe Chronic Traumatic Stress (CTS) as an integrated and unifying framework which provides guidance for the growing number of providers conducting assessment andintervention with refugees and survivors of torture. We also highlight that this model is specifically designed for empirical testing.
Torture Journal Annual Report 2017 - excerpts
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau , Witcombe Nicola
Published: May 2018

Academia and funding bodies often require publication in journals with the highest Impact Factor and field workers and clinicians often seek practical dissemination methods. We continue to strive to fulfil these two parallel and we think not mutually exclusive aims.Torture Journal is a medical and psychological publication that aims toserve all professionals working with the rehabilitation of victims and prevention oftorture. Its objectives are to:• be a reference source for practitioners;• promote and lead research in the field;• foster debate on key topics within the scope of the journal; and,• be a collective expression of the whole sector and to facilitate networking.Additionally, the Torture Journal has always played and continues to play a crucial part of fulfilling the strategy of its publisher, the International Council for Rehabilitation for Torture Victims. This is most recently set out in one of the key outputs agreed by the IRCT Council in December 2017, the Global Knowledge Platform.
Um Adão biotecnológico: sobre a secularização dos antigos ideais religiosos pelo trans-humanismo
Authors: De Oliveira Jelson Roberto
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo pretende analisar o processo de secularização dos antigos ideais religiosos por parte das chamadas tecnologias convergentes ligadas ao Enhancement Project [Projeto de aprimoramento] e, mais especificamente, ao trans-humanismo. Para isso, partimos de uma breve apresentação retrospectiva do movimento e de suas principais premissas, destacando as intenções de melhoramento do ser humano a partir da diluição das fronteiras entre terapia e aperfeiçoamento por parte da biotecnociência contemporânea. A seguir, analisaremos como a tecnologia se utiliza de argumentos próprios do mundo religioso: [1] o poder tecnológico do ser humano é de tipo divino; [2] a própria tecnologia assume uma face divina; [3] oferece um sentido último para a vida e, consequentemente, [4] funda uma nova escatologia. Pretende-se, assim, não apenas mostrar a importância de que a filosofia e teologia levem em conta os desafios trazidos por esse cenário, mas também demonstrar o quanto as suas premissas fazem com que essas duas áreas se reencontrem com alguns dos seus temas fundamentais.
Koinonía cristã: pressuposto hermenêutico da comunidade primitiva dos Atos dos Apóstolos
Authors: Rossi Luiz Alexandre Solano , Barreto Alfredo Rafael Belinato
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo visa demonstrar que a identidade da comunidade cristã primitiva éfator indispensável à compreensão dos primeiros movimentos realizados pelo cristianismo.O livro dos Atos dos Apóstolos retrata a dinâmica desenvolvida pela fé cristãno intuito de afirmar-se no contexto do mundo judaico-pagão do séc. I. Os sumáriosmaiores apresentados por Lucas (At 2,42-47; 4,32-35; 5,12-16), fornecem elementos-chave que descrevem a convivência dos primeiros cristãos, e revelam sua identidade. Dentre eles a koinonía emerge como background de um projeto mais amplo de vivência e moderação das relações comunitárias. Assim sendo, a importância do conceito para a reflexão acerca da comunidade primitiva pode ser inferida do lugar central que o mesmo ocupa na obra lucana. Além disso, a abrangência de seu significado, no conjunto literário dos Atos dos Apóstolos, corrobora seu caráter fundamental na constituição e consolidação dos traços primordiais da vivência comunitária dos primeiros cristãos. Deste modo, a koinonía impõe-se como pressuposto hermenêutico indispensável à compreensão dos primeiros dias do cristianismo retratados pela obra de Lucas.
Une méthode théologique aux prises avec le statut herméneutique de la foi
Authors: Rubens Pedro
Published: May 2018

Pour accomplir la triple tâche de la théologie fondamentale — interprétative (médiation herméneutique), réflexive (réflexion épistémologique) et auto-implicative (apologie de la différence chrétienne), l’auteur propose une méthode en tant que discernement de la foi chrétienne au sein des expériences religieuses ambiguës. L’article explicite d’abord le point de départ de la réflexion et son importance pour la méthode théologique ; ensuite il engage un dialogue avec deux interlocuteurs — Paul Tillich et Clodovis Boff — pour indiquer les démarches d’une théologie aux prises avec les situations contextuelles ; et puis il trace quelques pistes d’une méthode herméneutique et contextuelle.
Educação Adventista: realidade em expansão
Authors: Menslin Douglas
Published: May 2018

A Rede Educacional Adventista completa no ano de dois mil de dezesseis, cento e vinte anos de sua chegada em solo brasileiro. De caráter confessional, baseada mas matrizes educacionais norte americanas e influenciada pelo período de expansão internacional das denominações religiosas protestantes consideradas históricas, traz em sua gênese o conceito de educação/missão, onde a fé religiosa e o papel da educação buscam a transformação do ser humano. Neste estudo é apresentado o desenvolvimento educacional e sua expansão como rede de ensino confessional.
Idiossincrasias religiosas contemporâneas: Qual o lugar das mulheres nas Igrejas Neopentecostais?
Authors: Gabatz Celso
Published: May 2018

A busca pelo protagonismo das mulheres nas denominações neopentecostais é um fenômeno social que tem sublinhado um envolvimento e participação cada vez maior nas esferas públicas. Isto, que contribui para a consolidação de uma nova identidade. Os processos de transformação do papel da mulher no âmbito neopentecostal encontram a sua resistência vinculada às ideias patriarcais, enraizadas na cultura, e também de gênero, dificultando uma inserção social efetiva para a construção de um imaginário religioso feminino. As novas formas de subjetividade feminina e a construção de identidades de gênero estão ligadas à participação das mulheres e o seu carisma pessoal, agregando valor no combate a relações assimétricas entre os gêneros.
Teologia da missão e violência: Superar a violência interna e agir energicamente contra a injustiça
Authors: Schaeffer Rocha Abdruschin , De Oliveira David Mesquiati
Published: May 2018

O texto apresenta uma reflexão de cunho mais geral sobre a relação entre violência e religião e uma mais específica sobre a teologia da missão a partir da superação da violência na prática missionária. Aponta os principais desafios para superação da violência na missão e sugere que se deva começar pela própria estrutura das igrejas (internamente). Não basta instruir a missão para que seja feita de forma respeitosa, é preciso que as igrejas e a Teologia Prática deem exemplo de que é possível se constituir sem estar assentado em conflitos e violência. Aponta a kénosis de Deus em Jesus como percurso necessário para uma Teologia Prática na superação da violência. Jesus mostra outro percurso ao romper com a “Lei do Talião”, quebrando a espiral da violência ao reter o desejo de vingança. É evidente que o modo de agir das igrejas deve estar em consonância com o modo de agir apontado por Jesus. É nesse sentido que se fala de uma superação da violência no seguimento de Jesus, mesmo daquela que se expressa na omissão do enfrentamento e que se esconde no véu do pacifismo. O texto está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, discute-se a questão da relação entre religião, cultura e violência. Na segunda, o artigo debate como a Teologia Prática, especificamente a missão, pode construir-se a partir da superação da violência.
Violência mitoeconômica e a urgência do testemunho cristão
Authors: Sbardella Ellton Luis , Peretti Clélia
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo desenvolve uma reflexão acerca do tema violência aplicado à realidade econômica da sociedade. O sistema econômico dominante na atualidade procura ludibriar as pessoas na forma como estas vendem sua força de trabalho, fazendo-as aceitar os métodos abusivos de exploração do trabalho, violentando o sentido mais fundamental do trabalho, que é a relação que o ser humano estabelece com a natureza e a partir dela produz meios e sentidos para a própria existência. A ilusão produzida no sistema capitalista assemelha-se às narrativas míticas nas tribos primordiais que camuflavam pelos ritos sacrificiais a violência sobre as vítimas escolhidas para imolação, conceito este desenvolvido por René Girard ao tratar do desejo mimético (imitativo). O próprio sistema capitalista é mimético na busca desenfreada pelo lucro, investindo violentamente na tomada de posse do resultado da produção, alienando os trabalhadores, donos da força de trabalho. Neste contexto se inserem a fé e a missão cristã de denunciar a violência e superar os discursos legitimadores da violência econômica, partindo da própria Escritura Sagrada, que é defensora das vítimas injustiçadas e desautoriza a violência obscurecida pelas narrativas míticas e seus discursos correlatos conforme a reflexão girardiana.
Effects of the Expanded Panama Canal on Vessel Size and Seaborne Transport
Authors: Carral Luis , Tarrio-Saavedra Javier , Castro-Santos Laura , Lamas-Galdo Isabel , Sabonge Rodolfo
Published: May 2018

The Panama Canal (PC) expansion will have an impact on trading patterns and the manner in which goods are transported around the world. Once the third set of locks at the Canal began their operation, it was clear that the way in which vessels transited the canal and their maximum dimensions were going to change. As such, the expanded Canal will undoubtedly mean that a new kind of vessel will come into existence. In terms of dimensions, these Neopanamax ships will be adapted to how the locks operate. However, this effect will not be the same across the full range of traffic. After the first transit on 26 June 2016, it was possible to obtain access to transit data for Neopanamax ships. A thorough statistical study of these new datasets would involve analysing how these new locks impact the vessel size and seaborne transport.
Aron,Raymond (1905–83)
Authors: Doenecke Justus D.
Published: May 2018

One of the most prominent French political writers of the twentieth century, Raymond Aron (1905–83) almost single‐handedly created an autonomous discipline of international relations that integrated history, law, economics, sociology, and political science. His massive workPeace and Warstressed the inevitability of conflict, the impact of the century's technological revolution, and choices open to contemporary leaders. Other significant books on world politics includedThe Century of Total War;The Imperial Republic and the World, 1945–1973; andIn Defense of Decadent Europe. He also wrote voluminously forFigaroandL'Express. At a time when many French intellectuals were pro‐Soviet or believed in President Charles de Gaulle's independent course, Aron staunchly supported the Atlantic alliance while warning of colonial involvement and third‐world military commitments.
BelgianCrisis of 1831
Authors: Orgill Nathan N.
Published: May 2018

The Belgian Crisis of 1831 was a protracted diplomatic imbroglio that arose out of the Belgian Revolution of 1830. The crisis threatened to develop from a conflict between minor powers in the Low Countries into a Europe‐wide crisis over the course of roughly a year, as the Great Powers had varying interests and preferences as to how to resolve what amounted to one of the first major challenges to the peace settlement negotiated at the Congress of Vienna. Ultimately, the major statesmen involved defused the crisis by November 1831, granting Belgian independence under the rule of Prince Leopold of Saxe‐Coburg, though with less territory than the revolutionaries had initially hoped Belgium would be able to claim.
Carolingian Diplomacy
Authors: Ottewill‐Soulsby Samuel
Published: May 2018

From 751 the Carolingian dynasty ruled most of western Europe. The Carolingians engaged in extensive diplomacy with foreign peoples, including both neighbors and states further afield, for a variety of different purposes. As a king's land was divided between his throne‐worthy sons, inter‐Carolingian diplomacy was also extremely important, as multiple Carolingian rulers interacted with each other.
C
astiglione,
B
aldassare (1478–1529)
Authors: Biow Douglas
Published: May 2018

Baldassare Castiglione, known primarily as the author of an influential treatise on courtiership, engaged in various diplomatic activities on and off for roughly twenty‐four years of his life, from 1505 until he died in Spain in 1529, where he had been the resident papal ambassador (
nuncius apostolicus
) serving Clement VII.
Charles the Bold (1433–77)
Authors: Quaglioni Diego
Published: May 2018

Charles the Bold (1433–77), Charles I, Duke of Burgundy, was the son of Duke Philip III “The Good” (1396–1467). He tried to make himself independent of feudal subjugation to the king of France, Louis XI (1423–83), and to create a kingdom of Burgundy in central Europe, between the Holy Roman Empire and the kingdom of France. When his favorite diplomatic agent, Philippe de Commines, left him and went into the service of the king of France, Louis XI, Charles began to make military and diplomatic errors. His death at the battle of Nancy (1477) ended an epoch of European history.
C
lemenceau, Georges (1841–1929)
Authors: Sharp Alan
Published: May 2018

Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929), as French premier between 1917 and 1920, led France to victory in the First World War and assumed almost total responsibility for French policy during the Paris Peace Conference. This entry examines his diplomatic style and achievements in securing his objectives for France in the postwar settlement.
Colbert,Jean‐Baptiste,Marquis deTorcy (1665–1746)
Authors: Trotter Ben S.
Published: May 2018

Jean‐Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Torcy (1665–1746), Louis XIV's last foreign minister (from 1696 to 1715), was a skilled negotiator whose efforts, given France's military setbacks during the Nine Years' War (1688–97) and the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14), yielded better terms than expected in the treaties of Ryswick (1697), Utrecht (1713), and Rastatt/Baden (1714). Torcy helped craft the two partition treaties (1698 and 1700) that unsuccessfully attempted to avoid war over the Spanish inheritance. He expanded and reorganized the foreign ministry bureaucracy to handle an increased flow of information and diplomatic business, and established a ministry archive and a Political Academy to train future diplomats. Torcy collaborated with Louis XIV to fashion the distinctive French diplomatic culture that became a pattern for the rest of Europe.
Concert ofEurope
Authors: Wright Owain
Published: May 2018

The Concert of Europe, also known as the Congress System or the Vienna System, was the predominant system of diplomacy that governed international relations between the Great Powers of Europe throughout the nineteenth century. It was put in place at the end of the Napoleonic Wars by the allies who had come together to bring about the final defeat of France under the Emperor Napoleon I. It was founded by Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, which had combined to form the Quadruple Alliance that defeated Napoleonic France, with the intention of guaranteeing the peace of Europe for the foreseeable future; France later became the fifth member. It rested on the principle that international relations should be governed by the maintenance of a balance of power in Europe, and that any threat to the international peace should be resolved through dialog rather than war. It was frequently challenged, but remained more or less intact and succeeded for the most part in keeping the peace in Europe – with a few notable exceptions – until the outbreak of the First World War. It can be viewed as a precursor to both the League of Nations and the United Nations of the twentieth century.
Conference of Lysimacheia (196
bce
)
Authors: Dmitriev Sviatoslav
Published: May 2018

The conference of Lysimacheia (196
bce
) revealed irreconcilable differences between the political aspirations of the Seleucid king Antiochus III and the Roman Republic; it paved the way for a military conflict between them, the Roman–Syrian War (192–189
bce
), which resulted in the removal of Seleucid control over Asia Minor and accelerated the decline of the Seleucid kingdom. The conference also showed how the Romans appropriated Greek political practices and terminology, which helped them to more effectively control the Greek world.
Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
Authors: Schumann Matt
Published: May 2018

TheRenversemant des Alliancesin 1756 represents the high point of a decade‐long transformation in European international relations known as the Diplomatic Revolution. The highlight of the revolution was the abandonment of a centuries‐long rivalry between the dynastic houses of Bourbon and Habsburg, as the two allied together with Sweden and Russia against an unprecedented Anglo‐Prussian coalition in the Seven Years' War (1756–63). Underneath the surface, however, this reversal of alliances also represented a shift of European values and international alignments. By signaling a formal end to their rivalry, the Austro‐French alliance forced European thinkers to conceive international relations within a multipolar framework, and one that was far more volatile for representing the culture and ambitions of several ambitious powers, rather than a simple rivalry between the Continent's two leading dynasties.
E
nomoto
T
akeaki (1836–1908)
Authors: Cobbing Andrew
Published: May 2018

Enomoto Takeaki (1836–1908) was a high‐ranking officer in the Tokugawa navy who led the last stand to save the shogunate in the Boshin Civil War (1868–69) but was later pardoned and became a prominent figure in the Meiji government. Besides several ministerial posts he served in key diplomatic roles, as Japan's resident minister to Russia (1874–78), to China (1881–85), and as foreign minister (1891–92). He negotiated the Treaty of St. Petersburg (1875), which fixed the border between Japan and Russia in La Pérouse (Sōya) Strait, still the frontier today. He also assisted Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi in concluding the Tianjin Convention (1885), a non‐intervention pact that delayed military conflict over Korea until the First Sino‐Japanese War (1894–95). As foreign minister he pursued ongoing efforts to revise the Ansei Treaties of 1858, and shortly afterwards the deadlock was finally broken with the Aoki‐Kimberley Treaty (1894).
Globalization and Diplomacy
Authors: Kleistra Yvonne
Published: May 2018

Globalization can be understood both as an empirical state of global interconnectedness and as an evolutionary process that consists of multiple dimensions that differ in geographical scope, volume, density, and pace of change. The increasing interconnectedness of peoples, groups, and individuals is generally associated with the global dissemination of new communication technologies. The advent of the telegraph and the radio at the end of the nineteenth century are among the first drivers of globalization that directly impacted diplomacy. In the 1960s and 1970s the global diffusion of television added to interconnectedness by influencing public opinion and inciting citizen mobilization on foreign policy issues. The increasing convergence of technologies, issues, and actors has resulted in a substantial expansion and diversification of diplomacy. Today complexity is embedded in the vast array of policy areas and the wide variety of international institutions and governance networks within which diplomats have to operate.
GreatSchism (1378–1417)
Authors: Maxson Brian Jeffrey
Published: May 2018

The Great Schism was a period in European history between 1378 and 1417 during which two and sometimes three people claimed to be the legitimate pope. The Great Schism began after several cardinals argued that the election of Pope Urban VI in 1378 had been coerced by a hostile mob in Rome. The cardinals subsequently elected a different, competing pope, Clement VII. Different rulers in Europe supported one of the two popes, usually due to political expediency more than religious sentiment or legal arguments. The Great Schism eventually ended with the election of a single pope, Martin V, in 1417; however, the power of the papacy was dealt an irrevocable blow.
Gunboat Diplomacy
Authors: Barber Christopher Ernest
Published: May 2018

Gunboat diplomacy refers to a form of diplomacy in which a state uses naval force to bombard, blockade, or coerce a state of proportionally lesser power in order to achieve a foreign policy end. Gunboat diplomacy is different from a naval demonstration because the latter refers to blue‐water naval displays of force, whereas the former relates to littoral zones around a state such as coastlines, harbors, and rivers. The term itself only came into use in the early part of the twentieth century. However, the use of gunboat diplomacy reached its zenith in the nineteenth century with the development of the gunboat and the ascendency of Western powers over the rest of the world. More broadly, gunboat diplomacy has come to signify the use of limited military force applied by larger states over smaller states for political objectives.