bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEVANTAMENTO DE DADOS E ANÁLISE DE MUDANÇAS EM SISTEMAS FLUVIAIS POR MEIO DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO E SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO: PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA E ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Montanher Otávio Cristiano
Published: August 2019

Levantamentos de dados a partir de produtos de sensoriamento remoto, como fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélite, têm sido extensivamente utilizados para recuperação de mudanças em sistemas fluviais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma metodologia para organização do levantamento e análise desse tipo  de dados. A metodologia  baseia-se na definição de segmentos de análise, distribuídos ao longo do vale aluvial. Esta definição é feita a partir do mapeamento da planície de inundação e do eixo central do vale. Posteriormente, devem ser definidos pontos ao longo desse eixo, bem como suas áreas de influência. A partir dos segmentos de análise e de objetos a serem mapeados, como o canal fluvial e os sedimentos expostos, foram propostos dois tipos de sínteses: espaço-temporal e longitudinal. A síntese espaço-temporal ainda é dividida em dois tipos, uma relativa ao canal e outra relativa à cobertura superficial da planície de inundação . Como são necessárias técnicas de geoprocessamento para aplicação da metodologia , o artigo apresenta opções com uso do software livre QGIS. Finalmente, um estudo de caso é apresentado como exemplo de aplicação da metodologia , cuja área situa-se no noroeste do Estado do Paraná.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING AND LAND USE AND LAND COVER IN VALE DOS VINHEDOS DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN - RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL BY GEOTECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Viel Jorge Antônio , Rosa Kátia Kellem Kellem da , Hoff Rosemary , Moura Nina Simone Vilaverde
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the land use and land cover patterns in the region Vale dos Vinhedos designation of origin and to relate them to the geomorphological mapping aiming to contribute to the implementation, monitoring and management of the areas intended to Geographical Indications for wines and sparkling wines. For this purpose, the geomorphology and the classes of land cover and land use were mapped. Both mappings were carried out using geotechnologies techniques. The shape pattern similar to high Hills is the most representative in the study area, occupying 77.13%. In the mapping of land use and land cover, the most representative class is forests (native or not), occupying 36% of the study area. The intersection between of the geomorphological mapping with land use and land cover classes resulted in the identification of morpho-environmental units.
POLUIÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA, PROBLEMAS RESPIRATÓRIOS E CARDIOVASCULARES: INVESTIGANDO O SETOR FERROLIGAS EM PIRAPORA/MG, BRASIL
Authors: Mendonça Gustavo Lino , Muniz Magalhães Sandra Célia , Da Silva Cássio Alexandre
Published: August 2019

A poluição atmosférica industrial tem sido objeto de pesquisas que vem confirmando a correlação entre o aumento da poluição do ar com manifestações de Doenças e Agravos - DeA respiratórios e cardiovasculares. O objetivo geral do estudo foi discutir sobre os efeitos das emissões de poluentes atmosféricos oriundos de empreendimentos do Setor Ferroligas que operam em Pirapora/MG, sobre a saúde da população vizinha a esses empreendimentos. A metodologia consistiu na realização de um estudo ecológico que contemplou pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de gabinete e levantamentos de campo. Após a obtenção de uma Área de Risco Ambiental para poluentes atmosféricos – ARA, foram selecionados dois Territórios de Saúde – TS. O primeiro (Vila Maria), sobreposto pela ARA e o segundo (Novo Buritizeiro), externo à ARA. Foram levantados dados primários dos diagnósticos de DeA respiratórios e cardiovasculares desses mesmos TS, para fins de confrontamento e análise das taxas.  O TS Vila Maria apresentou taxas de diagnósticos superiores ao TS Novo Buritizeiro de 53,38% (2015) e 89,62% (2016) e em média, 70,53%. Concluiu-se que as emissões de poluentes atmosféricos das indústrias colaboraram significativamente para o aumento de DeA respiratórios e cardiovasculares na população do entorno e que crianças e idosos foram os mais afetados.
A PRODUÇÃO DA DIFERENCIAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL EM CATANDUVA E SÃO JOSÉ DO RIO PRETO – POR MEIO DOS ESPAÇOS RESIDENCIAIS FECHADOS
Authors: Milani Patricia Helena
Published: August 2019

O cotidiano é nossa dimensão de análise, tendo as práticas espaciais dos sujeitos sociais pesquisados – moradores de espaços residenciais fechados de Catanduva e São José do Rio Preto - SP, enquanto plano analítico, o que nos permitiu identificar como o processo de diferenciação socioespacial se expressa na produção do espaço urbano, conferindo sentidos e significados às práticas, que envolvem relações contraditórias entre dentro e fora desses espaços de moradia. Sob o discurso da segurança, os sujeitos pesquisados, produzem estratégias de distinção socioespacial, nas quais o espaço urbano é estratégico; consideramos que os muros exercem tanto um papel de barreira material, quanto de limite simbólico, que influenciam nas práticas dos moradores e na elaboração das representações espaciais, apreendidas por meio das entrevistas, nosso principal instrumento metodológico. Ao valorizarem elementos internos desses espaços em suas narrativas, integrando um “novo estilo de vida”, no qual, a segurança e o controle estão entre os aspectos representados mais positivamente, o que se produz são diferentes estratégias de diferenciação socioespacial. As maneiras como esses sujeitos vivenciam o urbano e aquilo que lhe é inerente são modificadas, sendo a cidade cada vez mais vivida e representada em fragmentos por esses sujeitos sociais.
LUTA DO POVO INGARIKÓ POR RECONHECIMENTO E REDISTRIBUIÇÃO NO TERRITÓRIO SOBREPOSTO AO PARQUE NACIONAL DO MONTE RORAIMA, RR
Authors: Sartori Oseias Cordeiro , PEREIRA HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS
Published: August 2019

Este artigo se concentra na reação do povo Ingarikó à invisibilização praticada pelo poder público por ocasião da criação do Parque Nacional do Monte Roraima, no ano de 1989. Sua construção se apoiou no cruzamento de informações oriundas de levantamento bibliográfico e análise documental, assim como em visitas de campo voltadas à confirmação das informações acessadas. Os resultados indicaram que os indígenas consideraram sua situação de invisibilidade perante o poder público como a principal causa da criação da unidade de conservação. Como reação, iniciaram uma luta por reconhecimento e redistribuição pautada em estratégias de representação, negociação e resistência. Conclui-se que a organização de eventos denominados assembleias gerais permitiu aos autóctones a exposição de suas demandas e a oportunização de diálogos com o órgão ambiental responsável pelo parque nacional. Ao mesmo tempo, a resistência Ingarikó passou a condicionar a gestão da área sobreposta à visibilidade da territorialidade indígena e suas expectativas para o futuro.
ANÁLISE DO DESEMPENHO DOS MUNICÍPIOS RECÉM-CRIADOS EM MINAS GERAIS A PARTIR DO ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE MUNICIPAL
Authors: Nunes Marcos Antônio , Garcia Ricardo Alexandrino , Ferreira Rodrigo Nunes
Published: August 2019

Ao se constatar o surto da criação de municípios no Brasil e, neste particular, em Minas Gerais, procurou-se avaliar e mensurar o grau de sustentabilidade alcançado pelas novas municipalidades mineiras. Inicialmente os municípios foram congregados em três categorias: “filhos”, “mães” e “neutros”. Em seguida, para avaliar a sustentabilidade dos municípios, foi utilizado o Índice de Sustentabilidade Municipal (ISM), um indicador sintético que reúne onze variáveis quali-quantitativas, congregadas em quatro dimensões: ambiental, social, econômica e institucional. Os resultados demonstraram que, dos 130 municípios recém-criados em Minas Gerais, apenas 45 deles apresentaram valores de ISM superiores aos registrados pelos respectivos municípios de origem. A partir daí procurou-se identificar quais foram as variáveis e as dimensões do indicador sintético que foram mais determinantes para que estes municípios lograssem êxito.
O ANONIMATO ESPACIAL COMO UM IMPASSE METODOLÓGICO NA PESQUISA GEOGRÁFICA E UMA REFLEXÃO ONTOLÓGICA
Authors: Azevedo Daniel Abreu
Published: August 2019

Esse artigo tem como objetivo central analisar como um problema metodológico no trabalho de campo em uma tese de doutoramento revelou questões ontológicas da própria ciência geográfica. Para tanto, será importante voltar alguns dos principais trabalhos geográficos para revelar como a tríade localização-descrição-representação é o verdadeiro espírito geográfico que atravessa todas as correntes da Geografia. Durante dois anos de trabalhos de campo para uma tese de doutorado, a impossibilidade de revelar a identidade de atores políticos levou também à necessidade de não identificar os espaços geográficos envolvidos na pesquisa. Sem ser um grande problema metodológico em diferentes ciências humanas, essa dificuldade para o geógrafo reflete, acima de tudo, as inquietações da geografia como ciência.
SOSIOLOGI MASYARAKAT MADURA
Authors: Wahdania Wahdania
Published: August 2019

Bunga rampai sosiologi Madura merupakan buku yang diterbitkan berdasarkan pada kerja sama antara Program Studi Sosiologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta dan Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, bahasan bahasan yang dimuat dalam buku ini tergambar dalam judulnya yakni terkait dengan masyarakat Madura yang pandangannya menggunakan kaca mata teoritis dalam bidang akademik dengan hasil pemikiran yang berdasarkan pada basis penelitian dan pustaka. Berbagai aspek-aspek kehidupan masyarakat Madura dijelaskan seperti karakteristik, kebudayaan atau tradisi mereka, perilaku dan juga problematka-problematika yang terdapat didalamnya.
Design of Automatic Bottle Filling Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Arifianto Hadyan , Adi Kusworo , Widodo Catur Edi
Published: August 2019

Water consumption is very high, especially in urban areas. This means a good business opportunity for small and medium enterprises. Those enterprises, therefore, require an automatic and affordable device that can fill water into bottles. Raspberry Pi is the center of the control system in designing this automatic bottle filling device. This is because Raspberry Pi comes a with GPIO pin that is used as an input-output controller. GPIO pin receives signal input from switches and sensors that are then processed using Python programming language to drive an actuator and a solenoid valve. Subsequent hardware testing includes tests for water sensor, director motor, alternating motor, and solenoid valve. It is found that the water sensor works at a voltage of 4.18 V and that The DC motor works at 13.92 V. It is also found that the DC motor moves back and forth at 34.77 V when it is moving up, and at -34.77 V, when it is moving down. Meanwhile, the solenoid valve is found to work at 224.9 V. Therefore; it’s very possible to use Raspberry Pi as the center of a control system for an automatic bottle filling device.
The Electric Susceptibility of Bi-Layers Ferroelectrics
Authors: Gunawan Vincensius , Umiati Ngurah Ayu Ketut , Subagio Agus
Published: August 2019

In order to enhance insight of layered structure, we perform numerical calculation to obtain the dynamic electric susceptibility in bi-layers ferroelectrics. Since susceptibility is a parameter which gives response to the external field, then determination of this parameter is important. A lattice model is employed to slice bilayer structure into several lattices.  Then, Landau-Khalatnikov equation of motion is used in each lattice to construct a matrix equation of equation of motion.  The solution is obtained by applying entire-cell effective medium.  We find that the homogeneity of dynamic polarization is different from homogeneity of the single individual layer due to the existence of interlayer interaction.  As a result, the electric susceptibility is also altered.  It is also noticed that there is a relation between the homogeneity of dynamic polarization and the value of electric susceptibility near resonant frequency.  The higher the homogeneity, the bigger the values of susceptibility will be.
Measurement of respirable dust concentration and assessment of health risk due to metals around an opencast coal mine of Talcher, Odisha
Authors: Prasad Tripathy Debi , Ranjan Dash Tushar
Published: August 2019

Atmospheric pollution due to particulate matter in opencast coal mining area is a very important environmental problem and is fetching the attention of researchers worldwide since few decades. The particulate matter not only affects human but also have tremendous effects on nearby flora and fauna by degrading the ecological environment in many ways. High mechanization in mining operations leads to add heavy load of dust to the surrounding area. The adverse effects of dust depend on the quantity as well as the characteristics of the dust and the exposure dose. Taking the importance of the dust pollution in mines, a coal mine area of Talcher coalfield, was selected, which is one of the oldest coalfields of India and a very limited work has been carried out in that area on the regards of assessment of health risk due to metals on the local population. Monitoring of respirable dust (PM10 & PM2.5) were performed at eight monitoring stations around a high mechanised opencast coal mine for three seasons i.e., post monsoon, winter, and summer in the year 2015 as per the standard criteria of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. The seasonal variation of dust concentration was found in the order of winter > summer > post monsoon. Ten trace metals were analysed from the dust samples. Statistical analysis, such as, univariate (correlation study) and multi-variate analysis were carried out including principal component analysis (PCA) for source identification and respective contribution to particulate matter. Finally, the health risk in terms of hazards quotient (HQ) and hazards index (HI) were calculated for both children and adults for the three exposure path ways (Inhalation, ingestion and dermal exposure). The carcinogenic effects due to the presence of trace metals in the PM10 were evaluated for both children and adults in terms of excess cancer risk (ECR). The combined carcinogenic effects of all the trace metals also calculated (ECRtotal). The HQ values for Cr and Cd were found above the safe limit in that area for both children and adults. Likewise the ECR values for Cr and Cd also were at a very risk level for both the age group. However the risk related to other metals were found well within the safe limit. The HI and ECRtotal values were found above the safe
limit which indicates the combined effect of trace metals on the children and adult were at and very high risk level in the study area.
BMP7 improves insulin signal transduction in the liver via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases
Authors: Ma Hong , Yuan Jin , Ma Jinyu , Ding Jie , Lin Weiwei , Wang Xinlei , Zhang Mingliang , Sun Yi , Wu Runze , Liu Chun , Sun Cheng , Gu Yunjuan
Published: August 2019

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, plays pivotal roles in energy expenditure. However, whether and how BMP7 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity is still poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic BMP7 expression is reduced in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice and palmitate (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 and AML12 cells. BMP7 improves insulin signaling pathway in insulin resistant hepatocytes. On the contrary, knockdown of BMP7 further impairs insulin signal transduction in PA-treated cells. Increased expression of BMP7 by adenovirus expressing BMP7 improves hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity and insulin signal transduction. Furthermore, BMP7 inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in both the liver of obese mice and PA-treated cells. In addition, inhibition of MAPKs recapitulates the effects of BMP7 on insulin signal transduction in cultured hepatocytes treated with PA. Activation of p38 MAPK abolishes the BMP7-mediated upregulation of insulin signal transduction both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results show that hepatic BMP7 has a novel function in regulating insulin sensitivity through inhibition of MAPKs, thus providing new insights into treating insulin resistance-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Eternal Contemporaneity in Advertisements of „Naujoji Romuva“ (1931–1940)
Authors: Bankauskaitė-Sereikienė Gabija , Keturakienė Eglė
Published: August 2019

Advertising appealing to senses is satiated with the dream of immortality. The society striving for an eternal state of mythical youth lives in the reality of theatre and manipulations. On the one hand, advertising offers certain society life models through myth, archetypical symbols. On the other hand, culture of global observation, watching changes life into an illusion and life simulation. The more a person succumbs to abstractedness of life in advertisements, the greater demand for mythical time, eternal moment and harmony arises. Advertising which has categorically prohibited for a society to get older, gives an individual an illusion of eternal contemporaneity through archetypes. Modern man sees himself as a creator of history, hence, he feels great temptation to take part in an imaginary act of creation. The article provides the analysis of archetypac imagery in interwar advertisements on the basis of insights of R. Barthes, G. Debord and M. McLuhan on mythological structures of thinking, advertisements and modern society of a performance as well as thoughts of M. Eliade on repetition of time. For the analysis publication Naujoji Romuva (1931-1940) has been chosen. The expression of archetypes has been discussed after they have been categorized into three groups under character and general context of archetypal structures: archetypes of world creation, prototypes of man and woman, and mythical, folklore. Prototypes of man as a hero and woman as having a mystic role to continue the cycle of life, as well as mythical, folklore symbols (mirror, horseshoe, spruce, flower) also play the said role. Archetypal imagery is often found in advertisements of cosmetics, chemicals and sealants.
Eristic Argumentation in Advertising
Authors: Biržietienė Skirmantė , Gabrėnaitė Eglė
Published: August 2019

Advertising may be examined as a particular form of rhetoric the aims of which are the same as of rhetoric, namely to affect mind, will, feelings, and to persuade. The theory of rhetoric, the main object of which is discourse not only in narrow meaning (as verbal expression of ideas (i.e. to say text)), but also in broad meaning – as a communicative act between the addresser and the addressee since its interdisciplinary nature provides the right tools to explore the advertising discourse. The theory of rhetoric is successfully applied in development of advertising discourse, because it helps to foresee the communicative act between the addresser and the addressee. Advertising and rhetoric are combined by many common elements, but the same goal is the most important: both, rhetoric and advertising seek for persuasion through verbal and non-verbal measures.The paper deals with the analysis of the inventive level of advertising discourse, i.e., eristic arguments, spread of ways of proofing / persuasion. Eristic argumentation is a dominant argumentation type in advertising. This method of persuasion is a way to create truth visibility although it is just superficial. The most typical schemes of eristic argumentation used in advertising are as follows: argumentum ad vanitatem (appeal to the vanity of the addressee), argumentum ad verecundiam (appeal to the authority), argumentum baculinum (method of “whip” argument), argumentum ad novitatem (appeal to novelty). The article shows the usage of eristic arguments in Lithuanian commercial ads.
Movement of “Natural Parenting” as (as if) a Confrontation with a Consumer Society
Authors: Diomidova Alla , Makarova Viktoria
Published: August 2019

The article describes the movement of natural parenting and its confrontational ideology. The authors sought to provide a general understanding of the movement natural parenting and describe its confrontational ideology. Speaking in terms of sociology, sling parents form the imagined community and this particular ideology is the focus of the presents study. The hypothesis of the study lies in the assumption that discourse analysis of natural parenting is to discover traits of propaganda discourse. The subject of the analyzed discourse is set critically in relation to the modern practice of consumption, declares the personal position free from stereotypes and willingness to confront the dictatorial influence of consumer values on the style of parenting. The subject is prone to reflection and the generation of ideological texts. Despite the fact that natural parenting has positioned itself as anti-consumer-orientated, it creates a consumer niche of the “right” products for children. Being against some commodities, natural parenting creates demand for the other ones. Sling clothing for Moms (sling jackets), accessories and the like become the accompanying sling commodities. Natural parenting has positioned itself as focused on the child’s needs. The traditional educational discourse is marked as providing the convenience for a mother who does not love her child. Many of the arguments of the sling discourse are based on fear to fail to meet a child’s needs (or to cause harm to his\her health, to threaten his\her life), which relates it with the mainstream advertising discourse.
“Postface to a Catalogue on Bronze and Stone Inscriptions” by Li Qingzhao
Authors: Dashchenko Anna
Published: August 2019

This article presents the first Russian translation of Postface to a Catalogue on Bronze and Stone Inscriptions (In Chinese: 金石录后序) with detailed comments. This postface was written in about 1135 by the outstanding Chinese poetess and the founder of Yi-an style Li Qingzhao (1084–1155). Her work is not just a supplement written to a fundamental catalogue compiled by her husband Zhao Mingcheng – a famous epigraphist, collector of ancient objects of art and high-rank official. Postface is a unique work because it introduces two genres: an epitaph in commemoration of her husband and an autobiographical essay. Moreover, it is the first female autobiography in the history of Chinese literature. The number of hieroglyphs in this text varies from 1866 to 1877 in different editions. We have revealed the distinctive features in Chinese and English traditions of commenting and studying the Postface. Chinese works are characterized by dominance of impressionist evaluations, lack of well-defined analytical categories and background knowledge. In addition, English works are characterized by using different approaches to translation of the dates and the reign periods, and by attention to the certain stories and personalities mentioned in the text for better understanding the biography of Li Qingzhao. Different opinions as to when this Postface was written have been analyzed and we have also presented our point of view to this matter.
Ultrashort Light Pulses in Transparent Solids: Propagation Peculiarities and Practical Applications
Authors: Blonskyi I. V. , Kadan V. M. , Pavlova S. V. , Pavlov I. A. , Shpotyuk O. I. , Khasanov O. K.
Published: August 2019

The peculiarities of the femtosecond filamentation in Kerr media has been studied using a set of time-resoling experimental techniques. These include the temporal self-compression of a laser pulse in the filamentation mode, repulsive and attractive interactions of filaments, and influence of the birefringence on the filamentation. The propagation of femtosecond laser pulses at the 1550-nm wavelength in c-Si is studied for the first time using methods of time-resolved transmission microscopy. The nonlinear widening of the pulse spectrum due to the Kerr- and plasma-caused self-phase modulation is recorded.
La vocación en Ortopedia y Traumatología.
Authors: Guerrini Alfredo Francisco
Published: August 2019

La vocación en Ortopedia y Traumatología.
ON THE PRESSURE FLOWS REGIMES FORMING IN THE PIPELINES FOR IRRIGATION
Authors: Gadjev Roumen
Published: August 2019

In the agriculture, water transportation and distribution by pressure flows in pipelines is one of the main activities for irrigation of agro-cultures. Depending on the exploitation conditions, a differing flow regimes are formed - laminar, turbulent and transitional regime, according to the value of Reynold”s number, with lengthwise-variable water quantity. In view of surveillance and inspecting the efficiency of a given pipeline net for irrigation, it is necessary to describe and define the processes of pressure flows in pipelines in depending on flow velocity. The degree of efficiency of transportation and distributing the water for irrigation, realizing by pipelines, is dependent on the hydraulic resistance and from the flow regimes, as well as other factors. For this purpose, the paper proposes relationships for determination of the boundaries of the self-realizing flow regimes along the pipelines for irrigation.
STYDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF FLAKING EINKORN, ON FOOD VALUE, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND STARCH DIGESTION CONTEND ON BISCUITS
Authors: Dimov Ivan , Nakov Gjore , Stamatovska Viktorija
Published: August 2019

The influence of flaked einkorn (Tiriticum monococcum L.) used as ingredient in production of biscuits on some of their chemical, biological active compounds and In vitro starch digestion. The biscuits were produced from whole einkorn flour to which 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 100 % einkorn flakes were added at the expense of the einkorn flour. It was found from the results with increase flaking einkorn in biscuits increase: moisture, total fats and proteins contend in the biscuits and decreases ash and total carbohydrates. Form the results for biological active compounds with increase flaking einkorn in biscuits, decreases total polyphenols and increase total carotenoids and antioxidant activity. In vitro starch digestion showed that when biscuits contend more then 30 % of einkorn flour reduces the body's ability to break down the starch contained in biscuits.
A gyulladásos és immunológiai folyamatok kapcsolata a várandósság alatt. Gyakorlati vonatkozások
Authors: Fülöp Vilmos , Vermes Gábor , Demeter János
Published: August 2019

Abstract:

The aim of this review is to explore, in addition to revealing the biological background, new conceptual and therapeutic approaches for reproductive clinicians to provide better and more effective care for sterile and infertile couples. In humans, 75% of unsuccessful pregnancies are the result of failures of implantation, and implantation failure is the limiting factor for in vitro fertilization treatment. A modified “good” inflammation is necessary for implantation and parturition, but for most of pregnancy, inflammation threatens the continuation of pregnancy. During this period, maintaining the non-inflammatory condition is extremely important, enabling the maternal epigenetic effects to occur in the fetus, making it possible for the offspring to adapt as much as possible to the extrauterine life. In the maintenance of the non-inflammatory condition of pregnancy, a large amount of progesterone hormone produced by the placenta (after the luteo-placental shift) plays a crucial role. It has been reported that the role of inflammation during implantation is an ancestral response to the embryo as a foreign body. During normal pregnancy, this inflammation is initiated by the trophoblast and involves the suppression of neutrophil infiltration, the recruitment of natural killer cells to the site of implantation as well as the production of a range of proinflammatory cytokines. During the “implantation window”, the uterus is primed to produce several inflammatory signals such as prostaglandin E2 and a range of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL6 and IFNγ. The feto-placental unit is a semi-foreign graft called a “semi allograft”, and the recognition of pregnancy by the mother (host) and the resulting maternal immune tolerance is an essential part of successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy fetus. Because of the functional or absolute reduction of circulating progesterone (due to the decreasing hormone production of the physiologically “aging” placenta after around the 36th week of pregnancy) progesterone effects become insufficient. Therefore it is unable to suppress the production of IL8 and other inflammatory cytokines and the term inflammation, leading to cervical ripening, uterus contractions and parturition (“good” inflammation). Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32): 1247–1259.
The Energy Density of the Universe in the Vector Model for Gravitational Field
Authors: On Vo Van
Published: August 2019

We show that, in the framework of the vector model of gravitational field, the total mass density and the mass of the Universe are quite the same as of experimental observed ones \(\rho_{\text{total}} \simeq 1.0 \times 10^{−29}\) g/cm\(^3\) and \(M_{\text{universe}}\simeq 1053\) kg.
MET Genomic Alterations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Rapid Response to Crizotinib in a Patient with HNSCC with a Novel MET R1004G Mutation
Authors: Chu Lisa Pei , Franck Debra , Parachoniak Christine A. , Gregg Jeffrey P. , Moore Michael G. , Farwell D. Gregory , Rao Shyam , Heilmann Andreas M. , Erlich Rachel L. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Miller Vincent A. , Ali Siraj , Riess Jonathan W.
Published: August 2019

Identification of effective targeted therapies for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains an unmet medical need. A patient with platinum-refractory recurrent oral cavity HNSCC underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) that identified an activating MET mutation (R1004). The patient was treated with the oral MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib with rapid response to treatment.

Based on this index case, we determined the frequency of MET alterations in 1,637 HNSCC samples, which had been analyzed with hybrid capture-based CGP performed in the routine course of clinical care. The specimens were sequenced to a median depth of >500× for all coding exons from 182 (version 1, n = 24), 236 (version 2, n = 326), or 315 (version 3, n = 1,287) cancer-related genes, plus select introns from 14 (version 1), 19 (version 2), or 28 (version 3) genes frequently rearranged in cancer. We identified 13 HNSCC cases (0.79%) with MET alterations (4 point mutation events and 9 focal amplification events). MET-mutant or amplified tumors represent a small but potentially actionable molecular subset of HNSCC.

Key Points

This case report is believed to be the first reported pan-cancer case of a patient harboring a MET mutation at R1004 demonstrating a clinical response to crizotinib, in addition to the first documented case of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with any MET alteration responding to crizotinib. The positive response to MET inhibition in this patient highlights the significance of comprehensive genomic profiling in advanced metastatic HNSCC to identify actionable targetable molecular alterations as current treatment options are limited.
Characteristics of two-dimensional counter-flowing wall jets
Authors: Ramamurthy Amruther , Tudor Magda , Han Sang Soo , Vo Diep
Published: August 2019

Wastewater plant effluents discharged into streams are expected to undergo dilution in a short reach. Jets provide rapid mixing and enhance dilution of the effluent discharged into the stream. The counter-flowing wall jet expansion angle, the geometry of the dividing streamline and the jet penetration length were found using the measured mean axial jet velocity data. These jet characteristics were expressed in terms of the jet velocity ratio (jet exit velocity against main stream velocity). A salt solution of known concentration was injected into the jet flow. The distribution of the salt concentration was determined at several cross-sections of the jet wake using a concentration meter. The standard deviation of the salt concentration provided a measure of jet mixing. When standard deviation reached zero at a cross-section, mixing was considered to be complete.
A Copyright Incentive for Promoting ‘Aesthetic Sports’ in India
Authors: Sharma Seemantani
Published: August 2019

This article posits that the Indian ‘aesthetic sports’ industry which exists outside the mainstream competitive sports industry such as cricket, hockey and football is a potential ‘soft power’ which can leverage India’s otherwise dwindling standing in the international sporting arena. This goal is attainable provided these sports incorporate some elements from the Indian performing arts within them. Furthermore, just like other creative works, such sports should be accorded copyright protection provided they fulfil the strictures of the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 (the Act). This will potentially enable such sports to be undertaken as a full time profession and incentivize Indian youth to take up sports such as gymnastics, figure skating and artistic swimming on a regular basis. It should be clarified that by taking the specific case study of aesthetic sports, my intention is not to disregard the importance of other neglected but equally important sports such as hockey, kabaddi and tennis etc. The case of aesthetic sports has been selected due to its soft power potential, the benefits of which should be availed by India.
Why Are Estimates of Agricultural Supply Response so Variable?
Authors: Diebold Francis X. , Lamb Russell L.
Published: August 2019

Estimates of the response of agricultural supply to movements in expected price display curiously large variation across crops, regions, and time periods. We argue that this anomoly may be traced, at least in part, to the statistical properties of the commonly-used econometric estimator, which has infinite moments of all orders and may have a bimodal distribution. We propose an alternative minimum- expected-loss estimator, establish its improved sampling properties, and argue for its usefulness in the empirical analysis of agricultural supply response.
Inflation and Financial Sector Size
Authors: English William B.
Published: August 2019

Traditionally, the cost of expected inflation has been seen as the "shoeleather cost" of going to the bank more often. This paper focuses on the other side of these transactions--i.e., on the increased production of financial services by financial firms. I construct a model in which households must make purchases either with cash or with costly transactions services produced by firms in the financial services sector. Higher inflation leads households to substitute purchased transactions services for money balances, increasing the size of the financial sector. A test of the model using cross-sectional data suggests that this effect is large.
Changes in REIT Liquidity 1990-94: Evidence from Intra-day Transactions
Authors: Bhasin Vijay , Cole Rebel A. , Kiely Joseph K.
Published: August 2019

In this study, we use data on intra-day transactions to analyze whether REIT liquidity as measured by the bid-ask spread changed from 1990 to 1994, a period during which the industry s market capitalization increased from $9 billion to $45 billion. We find that REIT spreads narrowed significantly. We then use a variation of the empirical model proposed by Stoll (1978) to analyze the determinants of percentage spreads including whether spreads are determined by return variability, share price, exchange listing, and asset type. We find strong support for Stoll s model, in that return variance and share price are the primary determinants of percentage spreads in both periods analyzed. This suggests that the liquidity of REIT securities is similar to that of non-REIT securities with similar prices and return variance. In addition, we find that spreads are wider for REITs trading on NASDAQ. In contrast with an earlier study, we find that market capitalization is not a significant determinant of REIT spreads.
Tax Exhaustion, Firm Investment, and Leasing: A Test of the Q Model of Investment
Authors: O'Malley Michael P.
Published: August 2019

Standard models of investment usually incorporate various tax factors but often overlook "tax exhaustion," the case when a firm has negative taxable income and cannot claim immediately its tax deductions or credits. However, tax exhausted firms face a higher cost of capital, and evidence shows that tax exhaustion is not uncommon. This paper incorporates tax exhaustion into a "Q" model of investment to see whether its performance is improved. In addition, leased investment is fully incorporated into the model, in part because tax exhaustion creates incentives to lease investment products and because investment models explain decisions to use equipment, not the decision about how to finance them. The results show that accounting for leasing improves significantly the performance of the Q model, whereas accounting for tax exhaustion does not affect the results meaningfully.
Long-Horizon Exchange Rate Predictability?
Authors: Berkowitz Jeremy , Giorgianni Lorenzo
Published: August 2019

Several authors have recently investigated the predictability of exchange rates by fitting a sequence of long-horizon error-correction regressions. We show that such a procedure gives rise to spurious evidence of predictive power. A simulation study demonstrates that even when using this technique on two independent series, estimates and diagnostic statistics suggest a high degree of predictability of the dependent variable. We apply a simple modification of the long-horizon regression due to Jegadeesh (1991), which may provide more accurate inferences for researchers interested in comparing short and long-run predictability of U.S. dollar exchange rates.
Motor Vehicle Stocks, Scrappage, and Sales
Authors: Greenspan Alan , Cohen Darrel
Published: August 2019

This paper offers a new framework for analyzing aggregate sales of new motor vehicles that incorporates separate models for the change in the vehicle stock and for the rate of vehicle scrappage. Because this approach requires only a minimal set of assumptions about demographic trends, the state of the economy, consumer "preferences," new vehicle prices and repair costs, and vehicle retirements, it is shown to be especially useful as a macroeconomic forecasting tool. In addition, a new historical annual time series estimate of motor vehicle stocks in the United States is presented.
Investment and Union Certification
Authors: Fallick Bruce , Hassett Kevin A.
Published: August 2019

A growing body of work--both theoretical and empirical--has emphasized that unionization may be better understood as a tax on capital rather than a tax on labor. Under this "new" view, unionization unambiguously lowers investment. Using data on union certification elections, we estimate the impact of unionization on firms' investment behavior. Employing both a standard q-model and an "investment surprises" technique, we find that union certification significantly reduces investment. We find that a winning certification election has, on average, about the same effect on investment as would a 30 percentage point increase in the corporate tax.
The Community Reinvestment Act and the Profitability of Mortgage-Oriented Banks
Authors: Canner Glenn B. , Passmore Wayne
Published: August 2019

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) requires lenders "to help meet the credit needs of the local communities in which they are chartered, consistent with the safe and sound operation of such institutions.'' For proponents of efficient markets, the CRA is a threat to lender profitability. For others, the CRA has the potential to increase profitability. We examine the relative profitability of commercial banks that specialize in mortgage lending in lower-income neighborhoods or to lower-income borrowers using three different techniques, and find that lenders active in lower-income neighborhoods and with lower-income borrowers appear to be as profitable as other mortgage-oriented commercial banks.
The Effects of Megamergers on Efficiency and Prices: Evidence from a Bank Profit Function
Authors: Akhavein Jalal D. , Berger Allen N. , Humphrey David B.
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the efficiency and price effects of mergers by applying a frontier profit function to data on bank "megamergers." We find that merged banks experience a statistically significant 16 percentage point average increase in profit-efficiency rank relative to other large banks. Most of the improvement is from increasing revenues, including a shift in outputs from securities to loans, a higher-valued product. Improvements were greatest for the banks with the lowest efficiencies prior to merging, who therefore had the greatest capacity for improvement. By comparison, the effects on profits from merger-related changes in prices were found to be very small.
Default Correlation: An Analytical Result
Authors: Zhou Chunsheng
Published: August 2019

Evaluating default correlations and the probabilities of multiple defaults is an important task in credit analysis and risk management, but it has never been an easy one because default correlations cannot be measured directly. This paper provides, for the first time, an analytical formula for calculating default correlations based on a first-passage-time model that can be easily implemented and conveniently used in a variety of financial applications. This paper also provides a theoretical justification for many empirical results found in the literature and increases our understanding of the important features of default correlations.
The Evolution of Macro Models at the Federal Reserve Board
Authors: Brayton Flint , Levin Andrew , Tryon Ralph W. , Williams John C.
Published: August 2019

Large-scale macroeconomic models have been used at the Federal Reserve Board for nearly thirty years. After briefly reviewing the first generation of Fed models, which were based on the IS/LM/Phillips curve paradigm, the paper describes the structure and properties of a new set of models. The new models are more explicit in their treatment of expectations formation and household and firm intertemporal decisionmaking. The incorporation of more rigorous theoretical microfoundations is accomplished while maintaining a high standard of goodness of fit. Simulations illustrate the effects of alternative assumptions about the formation of expectations and policy credibility on system properties.
Social Security Privatization: What It Can and Cannot Accomplish
Authors: Mariger Randall P.
Published: August 2019

This paper assesses the effect of social security privatization on the government budget, economic efficiency, national savings, and the distribution of resources across generations. It is shown that the benefits of privatization most often touted by privatization advocates can be achieved by simply altering taxes and social security pensions and leaving the basic structure of social security unchanged. In the conclusion, two simple arguments are given for why privatization might be a good idea nonetheless.
Premiums in Private versus Public Bank Branch Sales
Authors: Berkovec James Arthur , Mingo John J. , Zhang Xuechun
Published: August 2019

This paper is the first to directly estimate the determinants of differences in premiums received by public and private sellers in the market for bank branches (deposit bases). Deposit premiums received in private sector transactions exceeded those received by the FDIC and the RTC, even after controlling for known characteristics of the transactions and after corrections for possible sample selection bias. The observed differential disappeared by 1992, suggesting improved market efficiency and/or the impact of FDICIA (1991), which mandated "least-cost" resolution procedures for failed institutions. Additionally, the evidence suggests that bank branches are independent value objects whose auctions always result in "unintended" transfers of value to the winning bidders. This result, while consistent with previous literature that found positive cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) to the winners of auctions for the branches of failed banks, nevertheless suggests that not all of the positive CARs can be due to market inefficiency.
The Effects of Interest Rates and Taxes on New Car Prices
Authors: Doyle Maura P.
Published: August 2019

Utilizing the Consumer Expenditure Survey and state-level variation in taxes, this study finds that prices for most models of new cars shift by more than the amount of a sales tax. The evidence of an overshifting of prices offers support for the recent models of tax incidence in imperfectly competitive markets. The results also suggest that changes in the after-tax interest rate have offsetting effects on new car prices; a one percentage point increase in the after-tax real interest rate will prompt, on average, a mark-down of $106.
Trading Volume and Information Distribution in a Market-Clearing Framework
Authors: Dupont Dominique
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the relations between aggregate trading volume and information on financial markets from a theoretical standpoint. Through numerical examples, it relates some statistics describing equilibrium price and volume--such as the variance of the price and its correlation with the true asset value, the volume mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis--to the distribution of information across traders. The analysis is carried out in a static noisy rational expectations framework, with multiple informed traders, where both the precision and the correlation of the signals observed by the traders can be modified.
Opportunistic and Deliberate Disinflation under Imperfect Credibility
Authors: Bomfim Antulio N. , Rudebusch Glenn D.
Published: August 2019

One strategy for disinflation prescribes a deliberate path towards low inflation. A contrasting opportunistic approach eschews deliberate action and instead waits for unforeseen shocks to reduce inflation. This paper compares the ability of these two approaches to achieve disinflation---and at what cost. We analyze these issues using the Federal Reserve's FRB/US model, which allows alternative assumptions to be made about expectations held by agents in the economy; hence, the credibility of the central bank can be considered in assessing the cost of deliberate and opportunistic disinflations.
Monetary Policy Rules Based on Real-Time Data
Authors: Orphanides Athanasios
Published: August 2019

In recent years, simple policy rules have received attention as a means to a more transparent and effective monetary policy. Often, however, the analysis is based on unrealistic assumptions about the timeliness of data availability. This permits rule specifications that are not operational and ignore difficulties associated with data revisions. This paper examines the magnitude of these informational problems using Taylor's rule as an example. I demonstrate that the real-time policy recommendations differ considerably from those obtained with the ex post revised data and are revised substantially even a year after the relevant quarter. Further, I show that estimated policy reaction functions obtained using the ex post revised data can yield misleading descriptions of historical policy. Using Federal Reserve staff forecasts I show that in the 1987-1992 period simple forward-looking specifications describe policy better than comparable Taylor-type specifications, a fact that is largely obscured when the analysis is based on the ex post revised data.
A Discrete Model of Discriminatory Price Auctions--An Alternative to Menezes-Monteiro
Authors: Haller Hans , Lengwiler Yvan
Published: August 2019

Menezes and Monteiro, Math. Soc. Sci. (1995), show that a multi-unit discriminatory price auction does not have a pure strategy equilibrium unless one imposes some rather special conditions on the demand functions. This non-existence result might indicate a problem either wirh the underlying auction procedure (as Menezes and Monteiro suggest) or with the modelling approach (as we suggest). We observe that the non-existence problem disappears if bids must come in multiples of smallest units -- a realistic feature. Moreover, we show that most of the analysis can be recast in a discrete action model.