bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine-tuning the spike: role of the nature and topology of the glycan shield in the structure and dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 S
Authors: Harbison Aoife M. , Fogarty Carl A. , Phung Toan K. , Satheesan Akash , Schulz Benjamin L. , Fadda Elisa
Published: November 2021

The N-glycans structures affect the mechanistic properties of the SARS-CoV-2 S, fine-tuning the glycoprotein. The evolution of the glycan shield led to the loss of N370 glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 S, where the RBD cleft can bind host-cell glycans.
Explorations in a galaxy of sialic acids: a review of sensing horizons, motivated by emerging biomedical and nutritional relevance
Authors: Guin Saurav K. , Velasco-Torrijos Trinidad , Dempsey Eithne
Published: November 2021

Rationale for nutrition value and biodiagnostic requirements of sialic acids including Neu5Ac.
Neuropsychologische Diagnostik: von Tests bis zur Evaluation
Authors: Heinemann Dörthe
Published: November 2021

Neuropsychologische Diagnostik – das klingt nach Hirnschädigung und Rehabilitation. Wir denken an Patienten mit Schlaganfall, Schädelhirntrauma, Demenz, Parkinson, Multiple Sklerose, Epilepsien, entzündlichen Prozessen oder Tumoren – aber auch an psychische Störungen. All diese Verletzungen und Erkrankungen des Gehirns wirken sich auf dessen Funktionsfähigkeit aus. Die neuropsychologische Diagnostik untersucht diese Auswirkungen. Insbesondere kognitive Hirnfunktionen, aber auch emotionale, motivationale und soziale Fähigkeiten werden erfasst, um Hilfestellungen zu geben.
Belastungen und Unterstützung für Angehörige von Menschen mit einer Hirnverletzung
Authors: Frischknecht Eveline , Stalder-Lüthy Franziska , Hofer Helene
Published: November 2021

„Dann wurde er plötzlich sehr schwer krank, und während es ihm mittlerweile wieder besser geht, bin ich nicht sicher, ob ich das auch von mir behaupten kann.“ Eine Hirnverletzung betrifft immer auch die Angehörigen. Zu Beginn stehen Ungewissheit und die Hoffnung auf Genesung im Vordergrund. Im Verlauf wird klar, dass das Leben nicht mehr so sein wird wie vorher. In der Auseinandersetzung mit den Spätfolgen sind die Angehörigen oft auf sich allein gestellt.
Quantitative Analysis of Multimodal Skeletal SPECT/CT Reconstructions in Diagnosing Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Beck Michael Thomas , Rugel Gregor , Reinfelder Julia , Kuwert Torsten , Ritt Philipp , Kreissel Sebastian , Schlittenbauer Tilo
Published: November 2021

Aim Our goal was to assess visual and quantitative aspects of multimodal skeletal SPECT/CT reconstructions (recon) in differentiating necrotic and healthy bone of patients with suspected MRONJ.

Methods Prior to surgery, 20 patients with suspected MRONJ underwent SPECT/CT of the jaw 3–4 hours after injection of Tc-99m-DPD (622±112.4 MBq). SPECT/CT data were reconstructed using the multimodal xSPECT Bone and xSPECT Quant algorithms as well as the OSEM-algorithm FLASH 3D. For analysis, we divided the jaw into 12 separate regions. Both xSPECT Bone and FLASH 3D datasets were scored on a four-point scale (VIS xSPECT; VIS F3D), based on the intensity of localized tracer uptake. In F3D and xSPECT Quant datasets, local tracer uptake of each region was recorded as semi-quantitative uptake ratio (SQR F3D) or SUVs, respectively. ROC analysis was performed. Postoperative histologic results served as gold standard.

Results VIS F3D, VIS xSPECT and SQR F3D did not differ significantly in diagnostic accuracy (VIS xSPECT sensitivity=0.64; specificity=0.89). Of the quantitative parameters, SUVpeak yielded the best interobserver reproducibility. SUVpeak was 9.9±7.1 (95%CI: 7.84–11.95) in MRONJ regions, as opposed 3.6±1.8 (95% CI:3.36–3.88) elsewhere, with a cutpoint of 4.5 (sensitivity=0.83; specificity=0.80). Absolute quantitation significantly surpassed VIS and SQR (p<0.05) in accuracy and interobserver agreement (SUVpeak: κ=0.92; VIS xSPECT: κ=0.61; SQR F3D κ=0.66).

Conclusion Absolute quantitation proved significantly more accurate than visual and semi-quantitative assessment in diagnosing MRONJ, with higher interobserver agreement.
Early response evaluation using 18F-FDG-PET/CT does not influence management of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) treated with palliative intent
Authors: Farag Sheima , IJzerman Nikki S. , Houdijk Matthijs P.M. , Reyners An K.L. , Arens Anne IJ , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Desar Ingrid M.E. , Gelderblom Hans , Steeghs Neeltje , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee
Published: November 2021

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on treatment decision making in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients.

Methods This study retrospectively evaluated 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans to monitor response of metastatic GIST patients treated with palliative intent. Data from the Dutch GIST Registry was used. Early scans (<10 weeks after start of treatment) and late scans (>10 weeks after start of treatment) were scored on the impact in change of treatment.

Results Sixty-one PET/CT scans were performed for treatment evaluation in 39 patients with metastatic GIST of which 36 were early scans and 25 were late scans. Early PET/CT scans led to a change in management in 5.6% of patients and late PET/CT scans led to a change in management in 56% of patients. Change in management was more often seen after scans with lack of metabolic response (48% vs. 11% in scans with metabolic response, p=0.002). Neither metabolic response nor change in treatment were more often seen in patients with KIT mutations compared to patients with non-KIT mutations (metabolic response 65% KIT vs. 46% non-KIT, p=0.33, and change in management 28% KIT vs. 21% non-KIT, p=0.74).

Conclusion
18F-FDG-PET/CT is not recommended for early response evaluation in an unselected patient population with metastatic GIST, since it does not influence treatment decisions. 18F-FDG-PET/CT, however, can be useful for late response assessment, especially in case of indeterminate CT results.
Are radiopharmaceuticals self-sterilizing? Radiation effect of gallium-68 and lutetium-177 on bacillus pumilus and staphylococcus succinus
Authors: Poetzsch Simon , Brenner Winfried , Spreckelmeyer Sarah
Published: November 2021

Background For radiopharmaceuticals, aseptic preparation in combination with filtration is the most commonly used sterilizing method. In general, the production of radiopharmaceuticals needs to fulfil the requirements of good manufacturing practice. In the scope of this work, we focused on the positron emitter gallium-68 and on the therapeutically used beta- and gamma-emitter lutetium-177, as they are routinely used for in-house synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine departments. Our hypothesis is, that radiopharmaceuticals might be self-sterilizing due to a high radioactivity concentration and high-energy radionuclides in the preparation for intravenous injections.

Results Incubation with gallium-68 and lutetium-177 for both 30 minutes and 5 hours post-dispensing did not cause any significant effect on bacteria growth. As the theoretical dose is only 0.1–0.6 % of the Ph. Eur. recommended dose of 25 kGy, we conclude that the beta and positron energy of lutetium-177 and gallium-68 as used for standard radiopharmaceutical in-house production is not sufficient to decrease the number of colony forming units compared to the control values.

Conclusions Based on these findings, gallium-68 and lutetium-177 labeled radiopharmaceuticals are not self-sterilizing under the tested conditions with respect to bacillus pumilus and staphylococcus succinus. Consequently, strict aseptic preparation conditions in addition to end-sterilization of the radiopharmaceutical e.g. through membrane filtration are strongly advised for in-house productions.
MR-Neurografie bei neuralgischer Schulteramyotrophie
Authors: Mooshage Christoph , Bendszus Martin , Jende Johann ME , Kurz Felix T
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund

Das Parsonage-Turner-Syndrom (PTS) bzw. die neuralgische Schulteramyotrophie ist eine Erkrankung des peripheren Nervensystems, die typischerweise den Plexus brachialis sowie dessen Äste betrifft 1. Das Krankheitsbild scheint dabei häufiger zu sein als früher angenommen bei einer Prävalenz von bis zu ca. 1 Fall pro 100 000 pro Jahr 1. Die Pathophysiologie des PTS ist bisher unvollständig verstanden, jedoch wird angenommen, dass eine immun-vermittelte Genese ursächlich ist 2. Mögliche Trigger-Faktoren können u. a. virale Infekte, Impfungen, Traumata oder Operationen sein 3. Am häufigsten sind die Nn. thoracicus longus, suprascapularis und interosseus anterior betroffen 1. Charakterisiert ist das PTS durch akute, nachts eintretende Schmerzen im Schultergürtel, welche von Paresen und entsprechenden Atrophien gefolgt werden.
Ingestion von Fremdkörpern bei jungen Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörung vom Borderline-Typ
Authors: Scheppach Wolfgang , Hauschild Martin , Zwicker Martina , Konwisorz Anna , Schubring Markus , Reissmann Nikolaus
Published: November 2021

Berichtet wird über 8 Patientinnen mit einer Persönlichkeitsstörung vom Borderline-Typ, die zwischen 2-mal und 38-mal zur endoskopischen Entfernung ingestierter Fremdkörper aus dem oberen Verdauungstrakt vorgestellt wurden. In einem Zeitraum von 3 Jahren konnten somit bei 143 Endoskopien insgesamt 265 Fremdkörper geborgen wurden. Zahlenmäßig dominierten abgebrochene Teelöffel- und Esslöffelstiele sowie Porzellanscherben. Unter Einsatz von Polypektomieschlingen, Fangnetzen, Fasszangen und Dormiakörbchen gelang die Fremdkörperextraktion nahezu immer und ohne Komplikationen. Lediglich im Fall eines zwischen Magenfundus und -antrum eingekeilten Messers musste operiert werden. In Abhängigkeit von der Art und Zahl der Fremdkörper, der erwarteten Schwierigkeit des Bergungsmanövers und der berichteten Nüchternphase wurden etwa 40% der Endoskopien unter Schutzintubation vorgenommen. Trotz des erheblichen personellen und materiellen Aufwands favorisieren die meisten Gastroenterologen, Psychiater und Chirurgen die wiederholte Fremdkörperentfernung auch bei repetitiver Ingestion.
Stellungnahme
Authors: Kraft Karin , Schmidt Mathias
Published: November 2021

Zum Beitrag: Der Hype um Cannabidiol und Hanf – auf der Suche nach klaren Regeln und realistischen Richtwerten

Der Beitrag von Niermann et al. 1 zu realistischen Grenzwerten widerspricht im Grunde nicht dem, was wir in unserem Artikel „Ist Cannabidiol ein Lebensmittel oder ein Arzneimittel?“ gesagt haben 2. Die Ausführungen zur Toxizität von CBD und den Grenzwertberechnungen sind nachvollziehbar. Interessant ist das Urteil des BGH vom 24.3.2021, das uns zum Zeitpunkt der Manuskripterstellung nicht vorlag. Wenn dieses Urteil richtig wiedergegeben wurde, dann steht es im direkten Widerspruch zur Formulierung des BtMG, das dann aus unserer Sicht geändert werden müsste. Hier geht es um die aus dem Gesetz ableitbare Aussage, dass auch Nutzhanf nicht an Endverbraucher abgegeben werden darf. Trotz BGH-Urteil verspricht dies also noch weitere Diskussionen. Zu bedenken ist vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Liberalisierungsdebatte auch, dass das deutsche BtMG vor dem Hintergrund der „United Nation Convention on Psychotropic Substances“ von 1971 zu sehen ist, Deutschland also die internationale Vereinbarung nicht einseitig abändern kann.
Entwicklung und Evaluation einer manualisierten
körperpsychotherapeutischen Gruppenintervention mit Funktioneller
Entspannung bei krebskranken Patienten „Gelassen mit Leib und
Seele“
Authors: Greinacher Anja , Martens Ute , Maatouk Imad
Published: November 2021

Ziel Eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Überprüfung, ob
onkologisch erkrankte PatientInnen an einem Angebot zu Funktioneller Entspannung
teilnehmen und davon profitieren können.

Methodik Eine Gruppenintervention (N=14) über 10 Sitzungen
in Anlehnung an das Funktionelle Entspannung-Stressmanual; Messung der
psychischen Belastung durch eine prä-post-Fragebogenerhebung.

Ergebnisse Die Intervention scheint gut geeignet, psychisch belastete
PatientInnen bei der Verarbeitung ihrer Beschwerden und im Umgang mit Stressoren
zu unterstützen. Es zeigten sich Hinweise, dass das allgemeine
Wohlbefinden stieg und Hyperarousal sank.

Diskussion Die Intervention wurde gut angenommen, eine
regelmäßige Teilnahme war jedoch aufgrund der Erkrankung nicht
immer möglich. Der körpertherapeutische Ansatz und das
Gruppensetting schienen besonders hilfreich. Aufgrund der starken
körperlichen Belastung der PatientInnen wurden die Struktur der Gruppe
sowie einzelne Übungen individuell angepasst.

Schlussfolgerung Die körperbezogenen Interventionen machten
unbewusste Anteile zugänglich und damit in begrenztem Umfang
psychotherapeutisch bearbeitbar. Es benötigt weitere Forschung, um die
Effektivität dieser Funktionellen Entspannungs-Gruppenintervention zu
untersuchen.
A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines Mediated by Triphenylphosphine/Diiodine
Authors: Jia Kai , Ma Wenchao , Jiang Chao , Yan Yintao , Zhang Chenming
Published: November 2021

A synthesis of 2,3-diaryl-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in moderate to good yields under metal-free and mild conditions is described. The intramolecular cyclization of the oxime substrates is mediated by PPh3/I2, which leads directly to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines without the formation of a 2H-azirine intermediate. Various substituents on the aryl rings are compatible with the method.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a 2-Year-Old Patient Following COVID-19
Authors: Robinson Amy , Chapman Louise , Watts Wendy
Published: November 2021

This report presents the case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a 2-year-old patient following a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test. She presented with ataxic gait, truncal ataxia, and reduced coordination following 10 days of intermittent fever and lethargy. She did not have any respiratory symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine showed widespread T2 high signal within the gray and white matters and within the spinal cord. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by tapering oral prednisolone; this led to resolution of her neurological symptoms. This case highlights that neurological complications can occur secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Common but Complicated Tool: Review of Embolic Materials for the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Young Shamar , Rostambeigi Nassir , Golzarian Jafar
Published: November 2021

Embolization is an important and widely utilized technique in interventional radiology. There are a variety of different categories and individual products which can be utilized to perform embolization. Understanding the different classes of embolic agents, the important features of each of these classes including strengths and limitations, and the variation in individual products within the classes is critical for interventional radiologist to practice safely and effectively. This article reviews the different kinds of embolics and relays some of the pertinent physical and chemical properties of individual products which should be considered when determining which embolic to select for a given purpose.
Beyond the MAA-Y90 Paradigm: The Evolution of Radioembolization Dosimetry Approaches and Scout Particles
Authors: Keane Grace , Lam Marnix , de Jong Hugo
Published: November 2021

Radioembolization is a well-established treatment for primary and metastatic liver cancer. There is increasing interest in personalized treatment planning supported by dosimetry, as it provides an opportunity to optimize dose delivery to tumor and minimize nontarget deposition, which demonstrably increases the efficacy and safety of this therapy. However, the optimal dosimetry procedure in the radioembolization setting is still evolving; existing data are limited as few trials have prospectively tailored dose based on personalized planning and predominantly semi-empirical methods are used for dose calculation. Since the pretreatment or “scout” procedure forms the basis of dosimetry calculations, an accurate and reliable technique is essential. 99mTc-MAA SPECT constitutes the current accepted standard for pretreatment imaging; however, inconsistent patterns in published data raise the question whether this is the optimal agent. Alternative particles are now being introduced to the market, and early indications suggest use of an identical scout and treatment particle may be superior to the current standard. This review will undertake an evaluation of the increasingly refined dosimetric methods driving radioembolization practices, and a horizon scanning exercise identifying alternative scout particle solutions. Together these constitute a compelling vision for future treatment planning methods that prioritize individualized care.
Autoaugmentation: A Feasible Option before Ileal Augmentation in Selected Cases
Authors: Altan Mesut , Bozacı Ali Cansu , Asci Ahmet , Dogan Hasan Serkan , Tekgul Serdar
Published: November 2021

Purpose To evaluate the long-term outcomes of autoaugmentation (AA) in pediatric population.

Materials and Methods The data of 59 patients (32 females and 27 males) who underwent AA between 1993 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. During postoperative follow-up, deterioration on renal scan and/or nonimproved hydronephrosis (HN) were described as upper urinary tract (UUT) impairment. Incontinence was described as use of diaper or pad. Preoperative urodynamic volume was divided into two as less than 50 and more than or equal to 50% expected bladder capacity (EBC). The effect of preoperative clinical factors on reaugmentation, incontinence, and UUT impairment was evaluated.

Results The mean age and the median follow-up were 8.9 ± 3.6 years and 64 (12–218) months, respectively. Ten (16.9%) patients underwent reaugmentation (ureteral or ileal). UUT impairment and incontinence rates were 13.6% (8/59) and 30.5% (18/59), respectively. On multivariate analysis, less than 50% EBC was the only predictor of reaugmentation and incontinence (p = 0.013, odds ratio [OR]: 17.546 and p = 0.035, OR: 3.750, respectively). Preoperative HN was predictor of UUT impairment (p = 0.041, OR: 10.168). After AA, 51 patients used clean intermittent catheter and 27 (45.8%) patients discontinued the use of anticholinergic medication. At follow-up, eight (13.5%) patients underwent surgery after AA due to long-term complications, dissatisfaction, or poor functional results (bladder neck injection, cystolithotripsy, Mitrofanoff revision, dilatation, and injection).

Conclusion AA is a viable option in selected cases with high pressure and low compliant bladders. Preoperative bladder capacity is significant for reaugmentation rate and continence. UUT impairment is related to preoperative HN.
Experience in the Treatment of Pentalogy of Cantrell with Artificial Materials in a Single Clinical Center
Authors: Wang Gang , Xi Linyun , Li Hongbo , Wang Yi , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , Li Yonggang , Wang Quan , Dai Jiangtao
Published: November 2021

Objective To summarize experience in the treatment of pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) in our hospital and explore the effect of artificial materials in repairing sternal defects.

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on treatment of five children with POC treated by using the Gore-Tex patch and titanium mesh in the Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, from January 2010 to January 2019.

Results The concurrent conditions included double outlet of right ventricle (n = 2), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD) (n = 1), VSD and ASD and patent ductus arteriosus (n = 1), and VSD and left ventricular diverticulum (n = 1) in five cases with POC. Color Doppler echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) + three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the thorax and abdomen were performed preoperatively. The cardiac malformation was corrected according to color Doppler echocardiography, and a Gore-Tex patch was used to repair the pericardial defect. Titanium mesh was made according to CT 3D reconstruction with a 3D printing mold to repair sternal defects. All patients underwent a one-stage operation, all hearts were eventually repositioned, no deaths occurred after the operation, and follow-up was performed for 6 months to 2 years. The patients recovered well, and the exterior thorax was normal.

Conclusion The diagnosis of POC is not difficult. The priority of surgical treatment for POC is to obtain satisfactory corrections of cardiac malformation. The repair of the pericardial defect with the Gore-Tex patch and the sternal defect with the titanium mesh can make the heart return to the mediastinum, reduce the pressure on the heart, reduce the surgical trauma, reduce the difficulty of repairing the sternal defect, and optimally restore the exterior thorax.
Anastomotic Stricture in End-to-End Anastomosis—Risk Factors in a Series of 261 Patients with Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Koivusalo Antti , Mutanen Annika , Suominen Janne , Pakarinen Mikko
Published: November 2021

Aim To assess the risk factors for anastomotic stricture (AS) in end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) in patients with esophageal atresia (EA).

Methods With ethical consent, hospital records of 341 EA patients from 1980 to 2020 were reviewed. Patients with less than 3 months survival (n = 30) with Gross type E EA (n = 24) and with primary reconstruction (n = 21) were excluded. Outcome measures were revisional surgery for anastomotic stricture (RSAS) and number of dilatations required for anastomotic patency without RSAS. The factors that were tested for risk of RSAS or dilatations were distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) at the carina in C-type EA (congenital TEF [CTEF]), type A/B EA, antireflux surgery (ARS), anastomotic leakage, recurrent TEF, and Spitz group and congenital heart disease.

Main Results A total of 266 patients, Gross type A (n = 17), B (n = 3), C (n = 237), or D (n = 9) underwent EEA (early n = 240, delayed n = 26). Early anastomotic breakdown required secondary reconstruction in five patients. Of the remaining 261 patients, 17 (6.1%) had RSAS, whereas 244 patients with intact end to end required a median of five (interquartile range: 2–8) dilatations for anastomotic patency. Main risk factors for RSAS or (> 8) dilatations were CTEF, type A/B, ARS, and anastomotic leakage that increased the risk of RSAS or dilatations from 4.6- to 11-fold.

Conclusion The risk of severe AS is associated with long-gap EA, significant gastroesophageal reflux, and anastomotic leakage.
Third-Space Endoscopy: Recent Updates
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Reddy D Nageshwar
Published: November 2021

Third space or submucosal space is a potential space which on expansion allows the endoscopist to execute a multitude of therapeutic procedures for various gastrointestinal diseases like achalasia, subepithelial tumors, Zenker’s diverticulum, and refractory gastroparesis. Third space was first utilized for performing endoscopic myotomy in cases with achalasia cardia about a decade ago. Since then, the field of submucosal endoscopy has witnessed an exponential growth. The present review focuses on recent advances in the field of third-space endoscopy. With regard to per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in achalasia cardia, several recent studies have evaluated the long-term outcomes of POEM, compared endoscopic myotomy with pneumatic dilatation (PD) and surgical myotomy, and evaluated the outcomes of short- versus long-esophageal myotomy. In addition, the utility of multiple dose antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections after POEM has been questioned. Overall, the results from these studies indicate that POEM is a durable treatment modality, equally effective to Heller’s myotomy and superior to PD. With regard to gastric-POEM (G-POEM), recent studies suggest only modest efficacy in cases with refractory gastroparesis. Therefore, quality studies are required to identify predictors of response to optimize the outcomes of G-POEM in these cases. Another third-space endoscopy procedure that has gained popularity is endoscopic division of septum in cases with esophageal diverticula including Zenker’s POEM and epiphrenic diverticula POEM (Z-POEM and D-POEM, respectively). The technique of diverticulotomy using the principles of submucosal endoscopy appears safe and effective in short term. Data on term outcomes are awaited and comparative trials with flexible endoscopic myotomy required. Per-rectal endoscopic myotomy (PREM) is the most recent addition to third space endoscopy procedures for the management of short-segment Hirschsprung’s disease. Limited data suggest that PREM may be a promising alternative surgery in these cases. However, quality studies with long-term follow-up are required to validate the outcomes of PREM.
Implementing dementia risk reduction in primary care: views of enrollees in the Preventing Dementia Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Godbee Kali , Farrow Maree , Bindoff Aidan , Gunn Jane , Lautenschlager Nicola , Palmer Victoria
Published: November 2021

There is a push for greater promotion of dementia risk reduction (DRR) by primary care practitioners (PCPs). The aims of this study were to understand the views of non-medically trained Australian contributors in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) about dementia prevention regarding the role of PCPs in promoting DRR and to consider the implications of those views for developing implementation strategies. Discussion board posts of MOOC enrollees were analysed regarding the actions that organisations, communities and/or governments should take to help people work towards DRR. Of the 1641 eligible contributors to the discussion, 160 (10%) indicated that PCPs had a role in promoting DRR. This subset of participants particularly wanted earlier identification of risk by PCPs and a discussion about DRR. Some participants thought PCPs did not currently prioritise DRR, lacked knowledge about DRR and faced Medicare and resource restrictions to promoting DRR. We suggest that PCPs need: better publicity for their role in promoting DRR; to prioritise DRR; knowledge about DRR; and to take advantage of existing opportunities to promote DRR quickly. The findings of this study should be considered when attempting to implement DRR guidelines in primary care.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cd-109 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 109Cd to include the 2012 result of the LNE-LNHB (France)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Ratel G , Fréchou C , Thiam C
Published: November 2021

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Gd-153 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 153Gd to include the 2020 result of the NIST (United States)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Bergeron D E , Cessna J T , Fitzgerald R P , Laureano-Perez L , Pibida L
Published: November 2021

Main text

Since 1988, 3 laboratories have submitted 5 samples of 153Gd to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Gd-153. Recently, the NIST (United States) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Negative-ion bombardment increases during low-pressure sputtering deposition and their effects on the crystallinities and piezoelectric properties of scandium aluminum nitride films
Authors: Tominaga Takumi , Takayanagi Shinji , Yanagitani Takahiko
Published: November 2021

Scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) films are being actively researched to explore their potential for use in bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave resonators because of their good piezoelectric properties. Sputtering is commonly used in ScAlN film deposition. Unfortunately, it has been reported that film quality metrics such as the crystallinity and piezoelectric properties can deteriorate before the Sc concentration reaches 43% without an isostructural phase transition. One reason for this is bombardment with negative ions generated from carbon and oxygen impurities in the Sc ingots. Because the number of negative ions increases during low-pressure sputtering deposition, their effect on film quality may be considerable. In this study, we investigated negative-ion bombardment of the substrate during sputtering deposition and its effects on ScAlN crystallinity and piezoelectric properties. Negative-ion energy distribution measurements indicated that many more negative ions collide with the substrate during ScAlN film deposition than during AlN deposition. In addition, decreasing the sputtering pressure further increased the number of negative ions and their energies. It is well known that film quality improves at low pressures because increasing the mean free path reduces thermalization and scattering of sputtered particles. Although, AlN crystallinity and piezoelectric properties improved at low pressures, the properties of ScAlN films deteriorated dramatically. Therefore, the results indicated that ion bombardment increase at low pressure adversely effects ScAlN crystal growth, deteriorating crystallinity and piezoelectric properties. ScAlN films may be improved further by suppressing negative-ion bombardment of the substrate.
Reduced breakdown voltage for in-liquid plasma discharges using moveable electrodes
Authors: Zhou Rusen , Liu Baowang , Li Yiyang , Zhou Renwu , Li Wenshao , Hong Jungmi , Zhang Tianqi , Zhou Dejiang , Xian Yubin , Cullen Patrick J , Lu Xinpei , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: November 2021

Minimizing the breakdown voltage and discharge current required to initiate direct in-liquid discharges, thus lowering power-source requirements and avoiding electrode ablation, is crucial for industrial applications of in-liquid plasmas. Here we demonstrate such considerable reductions by employing movable electrodes, without changing the electrode configuration or increasing the system complexity. The new mechanism is based on electrostatic electrode attraction resulting in a reduction in the discharge spacing by up to 6 times and facilitating a plasma initiation at lower breakdown voltages. The accumulated charges consumed by the discharge revert the electrodes to the initial positions, forming a gliding arc between the enlarged gaps and thus inhibiting current increases and electrode ablation.
Theoretical limit of how small we can make MoS2 transistor channels
Authors: Lü Haichao , Zhang Yang , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yin , Zhang Qiang , Yin Haitao
Published: November 2021

As the size of electronic devices is reduced below 3 nm, contact resistance and tunnel leakage current have become crucial factors affecting device performance. The 2D material MoS2 is a potential semiconductor to substitute conventional silicon. In this work, the density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function was used to simulate the transport properties of 2H semiconductor phase MoS2 connected to 1T metal phase MoS2 lead. It is found that when the channel length is greater than or equal to 2.736 nm, the leakage current can be negligible, marking this length as miniaturization limit for a conventional transistors or diodes. When the channel length is smaller than 2.736 nm, the transport is dominated by the direct tunneling. The junctions can be used to design the devices based on the tunneling effect.
Efficient energy-based orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm for multiple sound source localization with unknown source count
Authors: Tang Rongjiang , Zuo Yingxiang , Liu Weiya , Zheng Weiguang , Tang Liguo , Xiao Fei
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we propose a compressed sensing (CS) sound source localization algorithm based on signal energy to solve the problem of stopping the iteration condition of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) reconstruction algorithm in CS. The orthogonal matching tracking algorithm needs to stop iteration according to the number of sound sources or the change of residual. Generally, the number of sound sources cannot be known in advance, and the residual often leads to unnecessary calculation. Because the sound source is sparsely distributed in space, and its energy is concentrated and higher than that of the environmental noise, the comparison of the signal energy at different positions in each iteration reconstruction signal is used to determine whether the new sound source is added in this iteration. At the same time, the block sparsity is introduced by using multiple frequency points to avoid the problem of different iteration times for different frequency points in the same frame caused by the uneven energy distribution in the signal frequency domain. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm retains the advantages of the orthogonal matching tracking sound source localization algorithm, and can complete the iteration well. Under the premise of not knowing the number of sound sources, the maximum error between the number of iterations and the set number of sound sources is 0.31. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good positioning accuracy and has certain anti-reverberation capability. Compared with other OMP algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better iterative ability and stability. This work is helpful in promoting the development of multiple sound source localization.
Liquid-dependent impedance induced by vapor condensation and percolation in nanoparticle film
Authors: Kano Shinya , Mekaru Harutaka
Published: November 2021

A liquid-dependent impedance is observed by vapor condensation and percolation in the void space between nanoparticles. Under the Laplace pressure, vapor is effectively condensed into liquid to fill the nanoscale voids in an as-deposited nanoparticle film. Specifically, the transient impedance of the nanoparticle film in organic vapor is dependent on the vapor pressure and the conductivity of the condensed liquid. The response follows a power law that can be explained by the classical percolation theory. The condensed vapor gradually percolates into the void space among nanoparticles. A schematic is proposed to describe the vapor condensation and percolation dynamics among the nanoparticles. These findings offer insights into the behavior of vapor adsorbates in nanomaterial assemblies that contain void space.
Conductive bimetal organic framework nanorods decorated with highly dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles as bi-functional electrocatalyst
Authors: Duan Yaxin , Liu Haitao , Zhang Huabing , Ke Shaojie , Wang Shuaize , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng
Published: November 2021

The poor electronic conductivity and low intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) greatly limit their direct application in electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we report a conductive two-dimensional π–d conjugated Ni and Co bimetal organic framework (MOF)—NiCo-(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) (NiCo-HITP) nanorods decorated with highly dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising bi-functional electrocatalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through an effective and facile strategy by modifying the rod-shaped -Ni3HITP2 crystals using cobalt ions. The triggered electrocatalytic activity of the resulting MOF-based materials was achieved by increasing the electrical conductivity (7.23 S cm−1) originated from Ni3HITP2 substrate and also by creating the cooperative catalysis sites of Co–N
x
and Co3O4 NPs. Optimized syntheses show a promising ORR activity with a high half-wave potential (0.77 V) and also a significantly improved OER activity compared with pure Ni3HITP2 in alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, a rechargeable Zn–air battery using the as-prepared material as air-cathode also shows a high power density (143.1 mW cm−2)—even comparable to a commercial Pt/C-RuO2-based battery. This methodology offers a new prospect in the design and synthesis of non-carbonized MOF bi-functional electrocatalysts for efficient catalysis towards ORR and OER.
A novel single-lead handheld atrial fibrillation detection system
Authors: Li Ying , Li Jianqing , Yang Chenxi , Xing Yantao , Liu Chengyu
Published: November 2021

Objective. The single-lead handheld atrial fibrillation (AF) detection device is suitable for daily monitoring or early screening of AF in the hospital. However, the signal quality and the reliability of AF detection algorithm still need to be improved. This study proposed a novel AF detection system with a user-friendly interaction and a lightweight and accurate AF detection algorithm. Approach. The system consisted of a single-lead handheld electrocardiogram device with a novel appearance like a gaming handle and a smartphone terminal embedded with AF detection. After feature optimization, the rule-based multi-feature AF detection algorithm had relatively good AF detection ability. Three types of experiments were designed to test the performance of the system. (1) Test the accuracy and time/memory cost of the AF detection algorithm. (2) Compare the proposed device with the standard device Shimmer. (3) Use the simulator to test the effectiveness of the system. Main results. The percentage of differences of successive RR intervals larger than 50 ms (PNN50), minimum value of RR intervals (minRR), and coefficient of sample entropy (COSEn) were features chosen for AF detection. (1) The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.00%, 99.75%, 97.88% on the MIT-BIH AF database, and 98.50%, 94.50%, 96.50% on the clinical database we founded. The time/memory cost of the proposed algorithm was much smaller than that of support vector machine. (2) The mean correlation coefficient of RR was 0.9950, indicating a high degree of consistency. (3) This system showed the effectiveness of AF detection. Significance. The proposed single-lead handheld AF detection system is demonstrated to be accurate, lightweight, consistent with the standard device, and efficient for AF detection.
A machine learning approach for predicting the electro-mechanical impedance data of blended RC structures subjected to chloride laden environment
Authors: Bansal Tushar , Talakokula Visalakshi , Sathujoda Prabhakar
Published: November 2021

The application of the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique using piezo sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) is based on baseline/healthy signature data, which poses serious limitations when it needs to be applied to existing structures. Therefore, the present research utilizes autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), an effective time series forecasting machine learning algorithm to predict the baseline/healthy EMI data and futuristic data of reinforced concrete corroded specimens. The EMI data from the ARIMA model is validated with the experimental data, and the results obtained prove that the model could be utilized to predict the baseline and forecast the EMI corrosion data effectively. These results will aid the researchers to predict the baseline data for the existing structures and utilize the EMI technique for SHM purposes.
Broadband highly efficient nonlinear optical processes in on-chip integrated lithium niobate microdisk resonators of Q-factor above 108
Authors: Gao Renhong , Zhang Haisu , Bo Fang , Fang Wei , Hao Zhenzhong , Yao Ni , Lin Jintian , Guan Jianglin , Deng Li , Wang Min , Qiao Lingling , Cheng Ya
Published: November 2021

Microresonators of ultrahigh quality (Q) factors represent a crucial type of photonic devices aiming at ultra-high spectral resolution, ultra-high sensitivity to the environmental perturbations, and efficient nonlinear wavelength conversions at low threshold pump powers. Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) microdisks of high Q factors are particularly attractive due to its large second-order nonlinear coefficient and strong electro-optic property. In this letter, we break through the long standing bottleneck in achieving the Q factors of LNOI microresonators beyond 108, which approaches the intrinsic material absorption limit of lithium niobate (LN). The ultra-high Q factors give rise to a rich family of nonlinear optical phenomena from optical parametric oscillation (OPO) to harmonics generation with unprecedented characteristics including ultra-low pump threshold, high wavelength conversion efficiency, and ultra-broad operation bandwidth. Specifically, the threshold of OPO is measured to be only 19.6 μW, and the absolute conversion efficiency observed in the second harmonic generation reaches 23%. The record-breaking performances of the on-chip ultra-high Q LNOI microresonators will have profound implication for both photonic research and industry.
Neutron/gamma radiation shielding characteristics and physical properties of (97.3−x)Pb−xCd–2.7Ag alloys for nuclear radiation applications
Authors: Reda A M , El-Daly A A , Eid E A
Published: November 2021

In this work, the shielding performance of (97.3–x)Pb–xCd–2.7Ag (x = 10, 18, and 30) ternary alloys against neutrons and gamma rays has been investigated. The microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the ternary alloys were examined. The total mass attenuation coefficients,

μ
/
ρ
,

for prepared alloys were determined at 662, 1173, and 1332 keV photon energies using NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The theoretical values of

μ
/
ρ

were calculated using WinXCom program depending on the mixture rule. The estimated values were compared with the measured values for all investigated alloys. Atomic cross-section, σ
a, electronic cross-section, σ
e, effective atomic number, Z

eff
, effective electron number, N

eff
, and GP fitting parameters (b, c, a, Xk, and d) were determined. The exposure buildup factor, EBF, have been also calculated. Fast neutron attenuation for the prepared samples have been investigated via the macroscopic effective removal cross-section (

∑

R

) calculation. Also, thermal neutron attenuation has been evaluated via neutron scattering calculator. The results show that the alloys containing 10 and 30% Cd compromise between superior tensile strength and Young modulus, while the pasty range, heat of fusion and ductility decreased with increasing Cd content. Moreover, the prepared ternary alloys have a high attenuation ability for gamma rays as the standard Pb. The increase of Cd ratio also significantly enhances the thermal neutron attenuation by amazing way along with the increase in the attenuation rate of fast neutrons.
Effect of ion beam current on dust charge fluctuations and ion-acoustic waves in electronegative dusty plasmas
Authors: Basnet Suresh , Maskey Anish , Deuja Atit , Khanal Raju
Published: November 2021

The effects of ion beam current associated with the streaming positive ions on the dust charge fluctuations and ion acoustic wave propagation in quiescent electronegative dusty plasma have been investigated using fluid theory. The dust charging phenomenon and unstable mode of ion waves are modified for two streaming conditions of positive ions which are extended and graphically illustrated. The dependencies of the growing and damping rate of ion waves on dust density and the size of dust grains are studied. The evolution of dust surface potential is found in the negative domain with the increase in concentration of negative ions and the instability rate for ion wave decreases. Furthermore, it is shown that the dust surface potential shifts into positive domain as the electrons are significantly depleted (and the plasma becomes ion-ion plasma) from the electronegative plasma and thus ion waves exhibit a damping phenomenon.
Particle scattering by rotating trapped quantum gases at finite temperature
Authors: Das Samir , Biswas Shyamal
Published: November 2021

We have analytically explored the quantum phenomena of particle scattering by rotating trapped quantum gases of electrically neutral bosons and fermions for the short-ranged Fermi-Huang interactions between the incident particle and the scatterers. We have predicted differential scattering cross-sections and their temperature and angular velocity dependencies in this regard, in particular, for an ideal Bose gas in a rotating harmonic trap, an ideal Fermi gas in a rotating harmonic trap, and a weakly interacting Bose gas in a slow rotating harmonic trap. We have theoretically probed the lattice-pattern of the vortices in a rapidly rotating strongly interacting Bose–Einstein condensate by the particle scattering method. We also have obtained de Haas-van Alphen-like oscillations in the differential scattering cross-section for an ideal ultracold Fermi gas in a rotating harmonic trap. Our predictions on the differential scattering cross-sections can be tested within the present-day experimental setups.
Spinning guest fields during inflation: leftover signatures
Authors: Dimastrogiovanni Emanuela , Fasiello Matteo , Gümrükçüoğlu A. Emir
Published: November 2021

We consider the possibility of extra spinning particles
during inflation, focussing on the spin-2 case. Our analysis relies
on the well-known fully non-linear formulation of interacting spin-2
theories. We explore the parameter space of the corresponding
inflationary Lagrangian and identify regions therein exhibiting
signatures within reach of upcoming CMB probes. We provide a
thorough study of the early and late-time dynamics ensuring that
stability conditions are met throughout the cosmic evolution. We
characterise in particular the gravitational wave spectrum and
three-point function finding a local-type non-Gaussianity whose
amplitude may be within the sensitivity range of both the LiteBIRD
and CMB-S4 experiments.
Gravitational wave propagation beyond general relativity: waveform distortions and echoes
Authors: Ezquiaga Jose Maria , Hu Wayne , Lagos Macarena , Lin Meng-Xiang
Published: November 2021

We study the cosmological propagation of gravitational waves
(GWs) beyond general relativity (GR) across homogeneous and
isotropic backgrounds. We consider scenarios in which GWs interact
with an additional tensor field and use a parametrized
phenomenological approach that generically describes their coupled
equations of motion. We analyze four distinct classes of derivative
and non-derivative interactions: mass, friction, velocity, and
chiral. We apply the WKB formalism to account for the cosmological
evolution and obtain analytical solutions to these equations. We
corroborate these results by analyzing numerically the propagation
of a toy GW signal. We then proceed to use the analytical results to
study the modified propagation of realistic GWs from merging compact
binaries, assuming that the GW signal emitted is the same as in GR.
We generically find that tensor interactions lead to copies of the
originally emitted GW signal, each one with its own possibly
modified dispersion relation. These copies can travel coherently
and interfere with each other leading to a scrambled GW signal, or
propagate decoherently and lead to echoes arriving at different
times at the observer that could be misidentified as independent GW
events. Depending on the type of tensor interaction, the detected
GW signal may exhibit amplitude and phase distortions with respect
to a GW waveform in GR, as well as birefringence effects. We
discuss observational probes of these tensor interactions with both
individual GW events, as well as population studies for both ground-
and space-based detectors.