bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering nanoscale hypersonic phonon transport
Authors: Florez Omar , Arregui Guillermo , Albrechtsen Marcus , Ng Ryan , Gomis-Bresco Jordi , Stobbe Søren , Torres Clivia Sotomayor , García Pedro David
Published: February 2022

Controlling the vibrations in solids is crucial to tailor their mechanical properties and their interaction
with light. Thermal vibrations represent a source of noise and dephasing for many physical processes at the quantum level. One strategy to avoid these vibrations is to structure a solid such that it possesses a phononic stop band, i.e., a frequency range over which there are no available mechanical modes. Here, we demonstrate the complete absence of mechanical vibrations at room temperature over a broad spectral window, with a 5.3 GHz wide band gap centered at 8.4 GHz in a patterned silicon nanostructure membrane measured using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. By constructing a line-defect waveguide, we directly measure GHz localized modes at room temperature. Our experimental results of thermally excited guided mechanical modes at GHz frequencies provides an efficient platform for photon-phonon integration with applications in optomechanics and signal processing transduction.
The role of personal interview and cognitive abilities at admission to medical school in predicting performance of medical students in internal medicine sub-internship
Authors: Liberty Idit F , Novack Lena , Hershkovitz Reli , Katz Amos
Published: February 2022

Admission process to medical school is a complicated task, stemming from the unresolved debates on a set of skills defining an ideal physician. The Goldman school at Ben-Gurion University in Israel is known for weighing a great emphasis on personality domain on top of academic excellence, by administering 1-hour long consecutive interviews embedded into the admission process. We compared the skills evaluated during the admission process with the students’ performance at the internal medicine rotation in their last (6th) year of medical school. Evaluations were administered by medical personnel and included questions prompting to choose those with the most potential to be a good internist.Interview evaluation at admission was associated with higher chances of being evaluated as a good internist 6 years later (Odds Ratio (OR)=9.4, p-value=0.049), independent of the students' gender (OR for male vs female=0.2, p-value=0.025) and age (OR=1.3 per each year, p-value=0.115). Our study shows that a high personal evaluation of a candidate is indicative of high personal evaluation of a student's performance at the internal medicine department 6 years later. These findings strengthen and emphasize the importance of using a personal semi structured interview in the admission process to medical school.
Nano-scale mechanism of crack nucleation/propagation and lithium penetration in solid electrolyte
Authors: Diaz Megan , Tu Qingsong , Kushima Akihiro
Published: February 2022

This work presents a direct observation and quantification of the fundamental mechanism of lithium penetration in Li6PS5Cl (LPS) solid electrolyte. Lithium plating in a nano-sized defect on the LPS surface led to the nucleation and propagation of a crack without external force. It also revealed a reduction in the mechanical strength of LPS when altering the electrochemical charge/discharge bias condition. A first principles atomistic simulation was performed to confirm that the disorder in the crystal structure of the LPS, both in lithium deficient and excess states, contributes to the reduced mechanical strength, and a decrease in the modulus is observed when lithium concentration is decreased from the stoichiometric amount. The results of this study suggest the importance of minimizing defects at the surface and grain boundaries to improve the stability of the solid-state electrolyte (SSE). Interfaces and boundaries can be bottlenecks for lithium diffusion, creating the concentration gradient. This can reduce the mechanical stabilities of the SSE, accelerating lithium penetration and degradation in all-solid-state lithium batteries. The insights obtained in this study provide useful information towards understanding the mechanism and designing the materials/structures to solve this issue.
The Role of Surgery in Small Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Baidoun Firas , Abdel-Rahman Omar
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe incidence of small, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cases has been increasing in the United States and the world mainly due to ﻿incidental detection because of widespread use of diagnostic modalities. While the option of active surveillance instead of surgical resection is getting more popular, there is still an open discussion about the best approach in these cases.Materials and MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with non-metastatic small T1/N0 DTC between 2004 and 2016, who have known surgical status and Charlson comorbidity index of two or less. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) based on the surgery status using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable cox regression analyses.ResultsA total of 98,501 patients with non-metastatic small DTC were included, within which 96,612 (98.1%) were treated with surgery, and 1,889 (1.9%) were not treated with surgery or other ablative modalities. We found that patients who were treated with surgery had better OS compared to patients who were not treated with surgery (mean OS 171 months vs 134.1 months, P<0.001, median OS was not reached). This difference was still statistically significant even after we used propensity score matching for age, gender, race, Charlson-Deyo score, tumor size, and histology. On multivariate analysis, surgery was associated with better OS (HR 0.218; 95% CI: 0.196 - 0.244; P<0.001).Same trend was found in subgroup analysis when we split the cohort according to tumor size (<1cm and ≥1cm), histology (follicular, papillary and Hurthle cell carcinoma), and age (< 55 years vs > 55 years).ConclusionPatients with non-metastatic small DTC who were treated with surgery had significant improvement in OS compared to patients who were not treated with surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the current analysis, these results call for caution prior to recommending routine surveillance for all patients with small DTC.
Super – Fluorescence Quenching of 1-(E)-styryl-2-(4-(2-(E) - styrylphenoxy) Butoxy)Benzene (Alkoxy Bridged Styryl Benzene)(PPPBB) Colloidal Silver and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Bayoumy Rasha M. , Abdel-Halim Shakir T. , El-Daly Samy A. , Abo-Alhasan Ahmed A. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M.
Published: February 2022

The Super-efficient fluorescence quenching of the dye, 1-(E)-styryl-2-(4-(2-(E)-styrylphenoxy) butoxy) benzene (alkoxy bridged styryl benzene) (PPPBB), by silver and gold nanoparticles (Ag NPs and Au NPs) are explored by the steady-state fluorescence measurements in methanol and ethylene glycol (MeOH and EG). The data showed that both radiative and non-radiative energy-transfer perform a key role in the fluorescence super-quenching mechanism. The Stern–Volmer quenching constants (Ksv) were calculated as 1.4 \(\times\) 1010, 1.2 \(\times\) 1010 M− 1 in MeOH and EG for Ag NPs, and 2.69 \(\times\) 108, 6.18 \(\times\) 109 M− 1 in MeOH and EG for Au NPs, respectively. Besides, the quenching sphere radius (r) values were calculated, via Perrin model of quenching, as 160,161 nm in MeOH and EG for Ag NPs, and 45, 85 nm in MeOH and EG for Au NPs, respectively. From active sphere radius results, one can conclude that the fluorescence resonance energy-transfer is responsible for super-quenching of PPPBB. Moreover, the fluorescence energy-transfer had an observable effect on the fluorescence super-quenching of PPPBB by AgNPs and AuNPs in EG more than in MeOH. These Super-quenching processes can pave the way for the usage of (PPPBB/ NPs) quenching systems in the energy transfer-based biosensors and essays with high degree of sensitivity.
Macrophage Notch1 Inhibits TAK1 Function and RIPK3-Mediated Hepatocyte Necroptosis Through Activation of β-Catenin Signaling in Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Dongwei , Qu Xiaoye , Tian Yizhu , Jie Zhao , Xi Zhifeng , Xue Feng , Ma Xueyun , Zhu Jianjun , Xia Qiang
Published: February 2022

Background: Notch signaling is highly conserved and critically involved in cell differentiation, immunity, and survival. Activation of the Notch pathway modulates immune cell functions during the inflammatory response. However, it remains unknown whether and how the macrophage Notch1 may control the innate immune signaling TAK1, and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage Notch1 in modulating TAK1-mediated innate immune responses and RIPK3 functions in liver IRI. Methods: Myeloid-specific Notch1 knockout (Notch1M-KO) and floxed Notch1 (Notch1FL/FL) mice (n=6/group) were subjected to 90 min partial liver warm ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. In a parallel in vitro study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from these conditional knockout mice and transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin knockout (KO) vector followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation. Results: IR stress-induced Notch1 activation evidenced by increased nuclear Notch intracellular domain (NICD) expression in hepatic Kupffer cells. Myeloid Notch1 deficiency exacerbated IR-induced liver damage, with increased serum ALT levels, macrophage/neutrophil accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines production compared to the Notch1FL/FL controls. Unlike in the Notch1FL/FL controls, Notch1M-KO enhanced TRAF6, TAK1, NF-κB, RIPK3, and MLKL but reduced β-catenin activation in ischemic livers. However, adoptive transfer of lentivirus β-catenin-modified macrophages markedly improved liver function with reduced TRAF6, p-TAK1, RIPK3, p-MLKL in IR-challenged livers. Moreover, disruption of RIPK3 in Notch1M-KO mice with an in vivo mannose-mediated RIPK3 siRNA delivery system diminished IR-triggered hepatocyte death. In vitro studies showed that macrophage NICD and β-catenin co-localized in the nucleus, whereby β-catenin interacted with NICD in response to LPS stimulation. Disruption of β-catenin with a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin KO in Notch1FL/FL macrophage augmented TRAF6 activation leading to enhanced TAK1 function. While CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TRAF6 KO in Notch1M-KO macrophage inhibited RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis after co-culture with primary hepatocytes. Conclusions: Macrophage Notch1 controls TAK1-mediated innate immune responses and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis through activation of β-catenin. β-catenin is required for the macrophage Notch1-mediated immune regulation in liver IRI. Our findings demonstrate the macrophage Notch1-β-catenin axis is a crucial regulatory mechanism in IR-triggered liver inflammation and provide novel therapeutic potential in organ IRI and transplant recipients.
A genomic toolkit for ‘the soybean of the tropics’ – winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)
Authors: Ho Wai Kuan , Tanzi Alberto , Sang Fei , Tsoutsoura Niki , Shah Niraj , Moore Christopher , Wright Victoria , Massawe Festo , Mayes Sean
Published: February 2022

A sustainable supply of plant protein is critical for future generations. We also need to reduce carbon emissions from agriculture, while increasing resilience in the face of elevated temperatures and climate volatility. Agricultural diversification with more crop options is hampered by limited available genomic resources, lack of understanding of the genetic structure of breeding germplasm and important trait inheritance- needed to breed desired ideotypes. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), a high protein seed tropical legume, has been termed ‘the soybean for the tropics’ with potential to help reduce soybean imports in many tropical and semi-tropical countries. Here we present the first chromosome level winged bean genome assembly (98.9% of 536.1MB scaffolds are assigned), an investigation of genetic diversity of 136 worldwide accessions for breeding, together with the first two genetic maps and a trait QTL analysis for genomic regions with desirable ideotype traits for breeding; namely architecture, protein content and phytonutrients.
Zero-COVID Policies: Melbourne's 112-Day Hard Lockdown Experiment Harmed Mostly Mothers
Authors: Schurer Stefanie , Atalay Kadir , Glozier Nick , Toscano Esperanza , Wooden Mark
Published: February 2022

Lockdowns were used worldwide to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that the 112-day hard lockdown in Melbourne, Australia, the longest among OECD jurisdictions, exclusively penalized families with young children. To identify the causal impact of lockdown on human life, we interrogated nationally-representative longitudinal survey data and quasi-experimental variation in Melbourne's lockdown, one that left other jurisdictions unaffected. Surprisingly, we found most vulnerable groups (the young, poor, lonely and those with previous mental health conditions) were left unscathed. However, we found mothers experienced significant, sizable declines in health and work hours, and increases in loneliness, despite feeling safer and being more active. Zero-COVID policies are not as harmful as may have been expected but came at high cost to mothers in society.
Correlation between metabolic characteristics and breast cancer subtypes and prognosis
Authors: Liao Yuwei , Chen Zhikai , Liang Hongfeng , Yang Liye
Published: February 2022

Background
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a common cancer and the major cause of cancer mortality in females around the world. One important characteristic of BRCA is metabolic reprogramming; however, abnormal metabolism of breast cancer based on large samples has not been reported. In addition, the relationship between metabolic features and the prognosis of BRCA still needs to be explored.
Methods
In this study, we ran dimension reduction for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) training set from 943 metabolic genes to 100 principle components (PCs) by principle component analysis (PCA). The Pearson correlations were calculated between PCs and clinical information. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was used to sort out prognostic PCs. The top-loading genes of PCs validated successfully in TCGA validation set were further used for gene enrichment analysis and the abundance of immune cells between high- and low-PC BRCA patients was compared. Finally, the key genes and prognostic PCs in our result were validated by using Joel dataset.
Results
Five metabolic PCs related to subtypes and prognosis of BRCA were found. PC2 and PC4, in which B3GNT5 and RAMP1 were prognostic genes, correlated with basal-like subtypes. PC2 was also correlated with ER- or PR-positive status, indicating the endocrine resistance after therapy. In addition, CCL19 was lowly expressed in Luminal B (LumB) subtype. PAPSS2, enriched in nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process, was a prognostic gene of BRCA and hub metabolic gene exclusively expressed in HER2-positive subtype. PC7, PC13 and PC29 were associated with the prognosis of BRCA and the changes of tumor immune environment. CCR7 chemokine axis, purine metabolism and cytidine catabolic process were the key metabolic pathways according to these prognostic PCs.
Conclusions
Our study revealed that the metabolic PCs were related to subtypes and prognosis of patients. The key pathways and genes of these PCs were potential BRCA biomarkers, which may provide a new direction for the future treatment of BRCA.
MiR-1290: a potential therapeutic target for regenerative medicine or diagnosis and treatment of non-malignant diseases
Authors: Kalhori Mohammad Reza , Soleimani Masoud , Yari Kheirollah , Moradi Mahmoudreza , Kalhori Amir Ali
Published: February 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small non-coding RNAs that could change gene expression with post-transcriptional regulation. MiRNAs have a significant role in regulating molecular signaling pathways and innate and adaptive immune system activity. Moreover, miRNAs can be utilized as a powerful instrument for tissue engineers and regenerative medicine by altering the expression of genes and growth factors. MiR-1290 was first discovered in human embryonic stem cells, which play an essential role in developing the fetal nervous system. Our previous review study showed overexpression of miR-1290 in numerous cancers. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of miR-1290 is vital for human health to be used in gene therapy or tissue engineering. The results of these studies suggest that the regulation of miR-1290 may be helpful in the treatment of some bacterial and viral infections. Also, adjusting the expression of miR-1290 in non-infectious diseases such as celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, and ischemic heart disease can help to treat these diseases better. Moreover, miR-1290 could work as a biomarker for diagnosing various non-malignant disorders and a powerful instrument in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Consequently, it is suggested that the regulation of miR-1290 could be considered a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of non-malignant diseases in the future.
Haze pollution and urbanization promotion in China: How to understand their spatial interaction?
Authors: Yang Huachao , Wu He , Liang Wei
Published: February 2022

Can promoting urbanization and controlling haze pollution result in a win-win situation? Based on panel data from 287 prefecture-level cities in China, this paper uses the three-stage least-squares estimator method(3SLS) and generalized space three-stage least-squares estimator method (GS3SLS) to study the spatial interaction between haze pollution and urbanization. The results show the following: (1) There is a spatial interaction between haze pollution and urbanization. On the whole, haze pollution and urbanization have a typical inverted U-shaped relationship. (2) Haze and urbanization show different relationships in different regions. The haze pollution in the area left of the Hu Line has a linear relationship with urbanization. (3) In addition to haze, urbanization also has a spatial spillover effect. When the haze pollution in the surrounding areas increases, the haze pollution in the area will also increase, but the level of urbanization will increase. When the level of urbanization in the surrounding areas increases, it will promote the level of urbanization in the local area and alleviate the haze pollution in the local area. (4) Tertiary industry, greening, FDI and precipitation can help alleviate haze pollution. FDI and the level of urbanization have a U-shaped relationship. In addition, industry, transportation, population density, economic level and market scale can promote regional urbanization.
Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, social support quality and mental health in college students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Chao , Yan Shijiao , Jiang Heng , Guo Yingying , Lv Chuanzhu , Lu Zuxun , Gan Yong
Published: February 2022

Background: Mental health problem is an important public health issue among college students and is associated with various soical factors. However, these influencing factors were scarcely summarized in Chinese college students comprehensively. This study aims to assess the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, social support quality (SSQ) and mental health among Chinese college students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China, from October 2017 to February 2018. College students from 18 colleges or universities were randomly recruited using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scale and 12-items General Health Questionnaire were used to estimate students’ SSQ and mental health status, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, SSQ and mental health problems.Results: A total of 10676 (96.24%) college students were included in the study. Among them, 21.4% were identified as having mental health problems. Students being a female, aged 18-22 years old, whose mother held college degrees and above, and drinking alcohol were more likely to have mental problems (P <0.05). Contrarily, having general or higher family economic levels, working and resting regularly, and sleeping ≥ 7 hours could be preventive factors (P <0.05). Especially, there was a decreasing trend in the risk of mental health problems with the improvement of SSQ.Conclusion: Besides socio-economic and lifestyle factors, social support is a critical factor for mental health among college students. Improving SSQ, especially which from the family, could be an effective method to prevent mental problems among college students.
Prognostic Value of Baseline Metabolic Tumor Volume in Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma – Data from the Prospective, Multicenter Phase III HD16 Trial
Authors: Heek Lutz van , Stuka Colin , Kaul Helen , Müller Horst , Mettler Jasmin , Hitz Felicitas , Baues Christian , Fuchs Michael , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas , Dietlein Markus , Voltin Conrad-Amadeus , Kobe Carsten
Published: February 2022

Background18F -fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) plays an important role in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma patients. Our aim was to explore the prognostic relevance of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD16 trial.Methods18F-FDG PET/CT images were available for MTV and TLG analysis in 107 cases from the HD16 trial. We calculated MTV and TLG using three different threshold methods (SUV4.0, SUV41% and SUV140%L), and then performed receiver-operating-characteristic analysis to assess the prognostic impact of these parameters in predicting an adequate therapy response with PET negativity after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. ResultsAll three threshold methods analyzed for MTV and TLG calculation showed a certain correlation with the PET response after 2 cycles chemotherapy. The largest area under the curve (AUC) was observed using the fixed threshold of SUV4.0 for MTV- calculation (AUC 0.69 [95% CI 0.55-0.83]) and for TLG-calculation (AUC 0.69 [0.55-0.82]). The calculations for MTV and TLG with a relative threshold showed a lower AUC: using SUV140%L AUCs of 0.66 [0.53-0.80] for MTV and 0.67 for TLG [0.54-0.81]) were observed, while with SUV41% an AUC of 0.61 [0.45-0.76] for MTV, and an AUC 0.64 [0.49-0.80]) for TLG were seen.ConclusionsMTV and TLG do have a predictive value after two cycles ABVD in early stage Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly when using the fixed threshold of SUV4.0 for MTV and TLG calculation. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00736320.
(re)united!?
Authors: Korte Jule , Unterberg Lisa
Published: February 2022

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Kultureller Bildung und Medienpädagogik. Der Titel der Joint Conference spricht von einem Schnittfeld, dabei drängt sich bei der Betrachtung der Gegenstände beider Bildungsbereiche die Frage auf, inwiefern es überhaupt möglich ist, diese ausserhalb einer gemeinsamen Schnittmenge radikal getrennt zu denken. Ausgehend von einer Betrachtung zentraler Begriffe und Diskurslogiken entwickeln die Autorinnen auf der Grundlage der Abschlussdiskussion der Joint Conference eine integrative Perspektive dieser beiden Diskursfelder. Im Rückgriff auf zentrale Ideen und Gedanken aus den ‹Cultural Studies› werden anschliessend Folgen für Forschung, Diskurs und Praxis entwickelt.
Sozialverantwortliches Medienhandeln in der Grundschule anregen
Authors: Kamin Anna-Maria
Published: February 2022

Rezension zu
Tulodziecki, Gerhard. 2021. Medienerziehung und Medienbildung in der Grundschule. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
The vampire: Thwarted mythical ancestor and symbol of the thwarted male sexual potential
Authors: Radulović Lidija
Published: February 2022

Ethnographic literature from the late eighteenth and during the course of nineteenth and twentieth century, presents us with a diverse but insufficiently conceptualized notions based on which vampire could be discussed in the context of aberrant life, untypical death, or inadequate burial practice. The structure of ancestral cult, containing among other things ideas of the "nature" of interrelationships between the living and the dead, is only one of the constructions imitating the ideological discourse of old-fashioned cultural pattern, certain relations in the society and structural order. Relations between the living and the dead are limited to ones on the male side, implying the reciprocal obligation: on one hand, respect of the burial rituals and mourning determine the "posthumous destiny", as well as the obligation of sacrificial offerings to godly ancestors, on the other the requirement of ancestors to protect and watch over their descendants in return. In order to be able to reproduce at all a community must mind the deceased’s soul, i.e. prevent the possible demonization by properly observing the rituals. In that sense, notions of vampires and the devil are emblematic warnings of the fact that each deceased, necessarily, is not an ancestor, and that the ideal model of generational hierarchy and of awe sustained by the proclaimed old-fashioned relations is actually relative, that is to say the notions of vampires and the devil point to the split in generations and to the governing relations in an old-fashioned society. Directly dependant on the male descendents, aberrant life as well as the aberrant "posthumous destiny" are mechanisms for excluding from the social relations with the dead the ones that can not be given the status of ancestors, so we can conceive them as thwarted mythical ancestors.

In the second part of the paper, I endeavored to demonstrate that the conceptions of masculinity could also be deconstructed through analysis of mythical imagery, for mythological images of say vampires are based on contradictions between objectively different scripts – religious and secular ones. Images of vampires could as well be viewed as symbolic constructions of certain masculinity patterns, first of all church, non-Christian (pagan) and secular patterns that collide. The collision of different masculine scripts results in repression of those not belonging to public Orthodox discourse, so the latent processes of Christianization implicitly reproduced the notions of vampire as thwarted male sexual potential.
Anthropology of AIDS. Risk environment and injecting routine – the case of Belgrade injecting drug users
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: February 2022

Risk environment is usually seen as physical and social one; first concerns physical space of injecting, while second deals with people who inject and their relations. Injecting routine is designation for set of IDUs habitual life. Management of risk related to HIV/HCV is reviewed and discussed after the results of qualitative anthropological research conducted among the Belgrade IDUs , due to establishing, performing and disrupting injecting routines within physical and social risk environments.
Honour and Shame: A sketch of an alternative history of Serbian ethnology
Authors: Baćević Jana
Published: February 2022

This text draws a pa­ral­lel bet­we­en a "gu­ilt com­plex" in post­co­lo­nial and post­mo­dern anthro­po­logy, and cer­tain si­mi­lar ten­den­ci­es in analyses of the hi­story of Ser­bian eth­no­logy. Sin­ce et­hno­logy and anthro­po­logy in Ser­bia ha­ve de­ve­lo­ped in dif­fe­rent cir­cum­stan­ces and ha­ve exer­ted a de­ci­dedly les­ser in­flu­en­ce on ge­ne­ral po­licy than Ame­ri­can or Bri­tish anthro­po­logy, I cla­im the­re is no ob­jec­ti­ve re­a­son for Ser­bian eth­no­lo­gists to con­ti­nue uti­li­zing the ele­ment of "gu­ilt" in the­ir texts. Fi­nally, I con­si­der whet­her re­le­a­se from this nar­ra­ti­ve co­uld br­in­g po­si­ti­­ve con­­se­­q­u­en­ces to t­he ­i­ma­ge­ and ­st­a­tus of e­t­h­no­­logy a­nd anthro­po­lo­gy in Ser­­bia.
The term bridewealth – A contribution to the terminology of matrimonial gift giving
Authors: Stanimirović Vojislav
Published: February 2022

This essay attempts to bring more order to terminology of matrimonial gift giving – the ever more complicated area in the past couple of decades. Furthermore, it reaffirms the idea of the evolution of matrimonial gift giving, and after many decades in which historians of law and ethnologists focused their research on particularities of matrimonial gift giving in certain cultures and epochs, points out the need of their systematization.  

Connecting history of law with ethnology, the author offers more precise references of the term brideprice, giving it back its usability, linking it with all the matrimonial gift givings the groom’s side presents to the bride’s father who possesses the exclusive authority to handle it as he pleases.

On the other hand, the paper emphasizes the unjust disregard and neglect of another type of matrimonial gift giving in science, or perhaps its erroneous definitions by some authors. Namely, all those matrimonial gift giving from the groom’s side directly or indirectly intended for the girl herself. Girl’s father no longer controls the matrimonial gift giving and he bestows most or all of it to the girl on the wedding. It is what girl brings into marriage under the veil of trousseau, and later partially of dowry. Later on, these symbolic matrimonial gift givings were no longer given to girl’s father not even symbolically, but rather went straight into her hands. These new matrimonial gift givings can no longer be assigned to a category of buying the bride, while the term indirect dowry proposed by Goody is inappropriate for it creates a false picture of these matrimonial gift givings. That is why, in the absence of an appropriate name, the author took the liberty of coining the term nevestnina to cover both aspects of these matrimonial gift-giving. The term bridewealth used in the English speaking areas to replace the politically incorrect term brideprice is proper for the term nevestnina. For the later variation of this matrimonial gift-giving author suggested the expression farewell gift. 

The author illustrated the evolution of this matrimonial offering by Arabic mehr. It is by this example that the importance of theoretical framework of any matrimonial gift-giving analysis is pointed out, because mehr had three forms throughout its history keeping its name in the process. In addition, the necessity of an extensive cooperation between ethnology and history of law is also underlined, for only by exchange and synchronization of the results achieved, by respecting both views of the history of marriage more quality abstractions can be done, so a more gradual and a more precise picture of the evolution of matrimonial gift-giving can be presented.
Cervical rib in 8-year-old Shih-tzu female: Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Case report
Authors: KIMICKA ALEKSANDRA , ŁOJSZCZYK ANNA , BIEŃKO MAREK , RADZKI RADOSŁAW P.
Published: February 2022

A cervical rib is a rare condition in dogs and cats, but is widely described in humans. It is a congenital disorder involving the presence of additional ribs located mainly on one side or, less often, on both sides of the seventh cervical vertebra. Cervical ribs are mostly found accidentally during chest X-rays. Occasionally, however, the presence of a cervical rib can be symptomatic: neurological, cardiovascular, or respiratory symptoms are possible. An 8-year-old Shih-tzu female was presented with a progressive monoplegia of the left thoracic limb. Computed tomography revealed cervical ribs on both sides of the seventh cervical vertebra. The patient underwent surgery treatment and fully recovered.
Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification of Water Hyacinth, Sugarcane Bagasse, Maize Straw, and Green Coconut Shell Using an Organosolv Method with Glycerol and FeCl3
Authors: Santana Joselaine , da Silva Ana Claudia , Abud Ana Karla , Wisniewski Jr. Alberto , Romão Luciane
Published: February 2022

A method to pretreatment of biomasses using glycerol as a green solvent was developed. Optimization of organosolv pretreatment was performed using a 23 factorial design, investigating synergism among the variables particle size (from < 0.85 to > 2.0 mm), FeCl3 concentration (0.025-0.175 mol L–1), and temperature (160-220 °C). Although the effects of the variables differed according to the type of lignocellulose, it was nonetheless possible to find an optimal condition in common (< 0.85 mm; 0.025 mol L–1; 220 °C), which was economically and environmentally sustainable, employing a small amount of catalyst. The biomasses pretreated using this combination of factors exhibited enzymatic digestibility exceeding 93% after 48 h, reflecting efficient reduction of recalcitrance as a result of high removal of hemicellulose (ca. 90%), provided by the use of FeCl3, together with substantial delignification. There was low formation of inhibitors in the hydrolysate, indicating that it could be directly fermented. The lignin removed to liquors could be easily recovered by centrifugation. Tests carried out under the optimal condition revealed that after the pretreatment the biomass could be directly used in enzymatic hydrolysis, without washing and wet. Furthermore, after simple treatment, crude glycerol was as effective as commercial glycerol.
Reclaiming Indigenous Identity and Cultural Diversity in Canada
Authors:   Delhi University, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, Netaji Nagar, New Delhi-110023, Bharti Santosh
Published: February 2022

Linguistic diversity is the key to Canada’s multicultural identity which it has been struggling to maintain for decades. Its language policies are rooted in two kinds of languages, the languages of European settlers and the indigenous languages spoken by aborigines who are the native residents of Canada. Despite the country’s conservation policy, social tensions and political debates abound on how it treats its languages by according them official or non-official status. Canada first developed its language policy in 1960s on account of Quebec nationalism and growing tensions between colonizing rivals. This led to establishment of policies which rendered English and French as official languages while indigenous languages got little support. Consequently, language-based discrimination is central to the nation’s social and political debates, which inform its self-image since the conquest of indigenous tribes. A combination of factors like hostile colonial policies, reserve systems and residential schools have undermined these languages and separated communities sharing common languages and traditions. This paper will assess how Canada’s indigenous tribes have fared since the implementation of national language policy which mandates protection of indigenous culture and identity. It will examine the treatment of indigenous languages in the current political milieu of Canada, and the progress made by the government towards adoption of important laws and path-breaking policies to create a future that nurtures its multicultural roots while affirming the national identity.
Food as a Major Cite for Culture and Identity: A Select Reading of Frances Mensah Williams’ Novel From Pasta To Pigfoot
Authors:   Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology., Priya Sathiya , Shilaja C.L ,   Stella Maris college for Women
Published: February 2022

It is an unending attempt for the immigrant community to come out of the entanglement of identity issues, especially in postcolonial settings. Apparently, it appears to be more complicated for the second or third generation subjects of the settler’s family for they have zero firsthand experience of their home culture. Such issues of complicated identity are widely addressed in many of the postcolonial narratives and this paper attempts to trace similar kinds of concerns through the specific lens of food. The reason for which food is chosen as a focal point is that food stands as a striking symbol through which multiple aspects of the society like culture, ethnic identity, gender roles, politics, social order, etc., can be vastly interpreted. The novel From Pasta to Pigfoot written by Frances Mensah Williams has a greater scope on analyzing such concepts of culture and postcolonial identity through the representation of food. A deeper examination on the role of food played at various layers throughout the novel allows us to understand that the concepts revolved around the food like cooking, dining, choice of food, eating, food manners and many other culinary aspects subject to challenge an individual’s identity at a greater level. This article also seeks to examine the ways in which this complexity of individual identity could be at least balanced if not completely resolved.
Stereotyping Indigeneity: the Case of Native American
Authors:   National Polytechnic University, Odessa, Ukraine, Lyubymova Svitlana
Published: February 2022

Raising awareness of indigeneity comes forward with strengthening of cultural globalization. The lack of relevant knowledge of indigenous cultures results in persistent stereotyping. Regarded the representation of an ethnic group, a stereotype is based on implicit assumptions and behavioral implications that are reflected in evaluative characteristics. Stereotypes are spread by mainstream culture through popular media and cinema. This work attempts to profile the stereotype of Indigenous American created by mainstream American culture on the results of qualitative analysis of media discourse. Treated as uncivilized, Native Americans are portrayed as unbending and cruel warriors or as wise and helpful friends of White. America’s attitude to Indians is changing from banishing to extolling. The deconstruction of stereotypes in humanitarian paradigm is the matter of acknowledgment of cultural uniqueness and establishment of social equality.
Multiculturalism in Raj Novel: Rereading Paul Scott’s ,em.The Jewel in the Crown
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Chettri Bhaskar , Tripathi Dhananjay
Published: February 2022

Paul Scott’s The Jewel in the Crown (1966) is analyzed in the light of multiculturalism, considering different aspects of oriental study, the response to hegemonic belief and the question of the subaltern. Scott traces the essence of understanding among different individuals in the Raj era, missed by many writers writing of that tumultuous phase in Indian history. Aiming at the unification of the binaries, he depicts real picture of India presenting human life in extraordinary situations and comments on the shared experiences of different characters. He traces multiculturalism in the period that witnessed steady growth and evolution of ideas revolving around modernism, colonialism, postmodernism, postcolonialism and nationalism. The cultural mosaic of India is presented in the novel by examining the politics of difference and the politics of recognition. After a long time when the novel is read in the context of colonial and postcolonial study, the present paper attempts to highlight nuances of multiculturalism, where unity is aimed between the East and the West.
Eating Well in Uncle’s House: Bengali Culinary practices in a bucolic Calcutta/Kolkata in Amit Chaudhuri’s A Strange and Sublime Address
Authors:   Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Ambari, Assam., Mitra Rajarshi
Published: February 2022

Kolkata has had a long and troubled relationship with food and hunger, which has shaped Bengali food-practices in the city. From famine in the 1940’s to food-movement of the 1960’s, as food production dwindled, Kolkata saw a gradual decline of its economic fortune. In the 1970’s and 80’s, it was common to portray Kolkata as a failed postcolonial metropolis filled with starving millions. With this troubled history in the backdrop, this paper focuses on culinary experiences in Kolkata as reflected in Amit Chaudhuri’s novella A Strange and Sublime Address. The novella, in its bid to highlight the trivial and the mundane in Bengali life in Kolkata in the early 1990’s, portrays culinary experiences as epiphanic expressions of an introverted, inner existence. Chaudhuri describes food-practices in an attempt to preserve an esoteric food-system – a system that connects inner life with cooking, serving and eating of food. Bengali food-practices, I argue, appear in this novella as “edible chronotopes” (Krishenblatt-Gimblett) revealing a culture’s fascination with time and food. Through Bengali food practices the novella’s protagonist Sandeep mourns a deep loss he feels about his lack of connection to Kolkata and learns to cultivate a sense of reticence, which allows him to absorb the joy of merging with the life in the city in its banal and quotidian form. I further connect Chaudhuri’s search for the inner self in culinary practices with his journey to what he terms “bucolic” Kolkata – a journey Ashish Nandy had termed “an ambiguous journey to the city”.
Morphological Classification of Dysphemisms in Artistic Discourse
Authors:   Belgorod State University, Russia, Prokhorova Olga N. , Dekhnich Olga V. , Danilova Elena S. , Kuchmistyy Vladislav A. , Bekh Ekaterina F.
Published: February 2022

Due to the wide-spread use of dysphemisms in contemporary speech, the topic of dysphemia has become extremely important. At the same time, research on this issue is clearly not sufficient to cover this phenomenon in full. This study pursued the following goal: to analyze the morphological features of dysphemisms within the framework of artistic discourse. The concept of dysphemism was described, and a classification of dysphemisms in contemporary linguistics was provided. Dysphemisms represented by different parts of speech were analyzed, enabling conclusions to be drawn about the features and frequency of dysphemism use. All results were illustrated with examples from artistic discourse. The research findings are summarized in the conclusion.
From Minimalism to the Absurd: “The Intent of Undoing” in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot
Authors:   Associate Professor. Department of English Language and Literature, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al Dawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Abbas S. Z.
Published: February 2022

Waiting for Godot ushered in an era of Absurd drama that drew on not only modern thought about life but also the modern image of life. Samuel Beckett, unlike Sartre and Camus as playwrights, stripped the façade of the modern existence and laid bare the scene with the minimum in its real image. To project such a stark condition of human experience Beckett chose to present us the maximum with “mere-most minimum.” The message in Godot appears to be existentialist, which Beckett denied, for he asserted that if ever he read philosophy it was Descartes, who gave the dictum ‘cogito ergo sum,’ or “I think therefore I am,” something that reflects a positive undertone of the play. Minimalism of form and content thus becomes the vehicle of the Absurd in Waiting for Godot. Beckett becomes the pioneer of the minimalist art in modern drama and champions ‘linguistic gravity’ without any traditional structure of plot. There are series of incidents but they don’t amount to anything and even incidence maybe too big a word. The characters sort of improvise in order to fill the time. The dialogue is repetitious, illogical and nonsensical; the characterisation is sketchy and inconsistent. Although theatre is the most concrete literary form available, when you see Waiting for Godot you are definitely seeing a set that consists of a tree and a road and you see five actors impersonating five people. That much is concrete. But no fact or relationship about that place or those people is ever certain. All is questioned and all is in flux. Beckett is not presenting an argument toward the conclusion of existential absurdity. He is presenting images of absurdity.
Translation as a Cultural Dialogue between the East and the West: Re-reading ‘The Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech’ by Tagore
Authors:   Department of English, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore- 721102, West Bengal, Ghosh Joyjit
Published: February 2022

Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for his English translation of Gitanjali in 1913. He was at once accepted by the Western people as one of their own poets. In the ‘The Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech’, Tagore, however, categorically stated that he must not accept the laurels as his ‘individual share’ because he represented the East and it was the East in him that gave to the West. Tagore always believed in a cooperation of cultures across the world. He was certain that he belonged to an age which bore witness to the meeting of the East and the West. The present paper while making an analytical study of ‘The Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech’ will try to establish that the objective of Tagore’s translation of Gitanjali into English was not merely to ‘rekindle’ the aesthetic delight which the poet once experienced during the composition of the work in Bengali but to create a space for a dialogue between two separate spheres of civilization – the East and the West.
“I Identify Myself as Russian Although I Have Never Been to Russia”: Ways of Transferring Identity and Language to Children among the Russian-Speaking Population of the USA
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia, Yudina Tatyana Nikolaevna , Kotovskaya Maria Grigorevna , Zolotukhina Maria Vladimirovna , Tananova Dina Kabdullinovna
Published: February 2022

The main goal of the paper is to analyze ideas and practices involved in the transmission of the Russian language and culture among members of Russian -speaking diaspora in the United States, mostly belonging to the two recent waves of immigration from the Soviet Union and Russia and residing in different parts of America. The bulk of academic publications for this paper were released in Russia with some from the US. Three methods were used: a questionnaire (80 questions, both open-ended and closed distributed via google form among middle-age and young members of the Russian -speaking community – 52 respondents), semi-structured interviews (a total of 20) and participant observation, primarily in Boston area and Ann Arbor, MI. When reflecting on affiliation with the Russian-speaking world the preservation of language and its transmission to future generations is viewed as the most important element of everyday life and aspiration for the Russian-speaking population regardless of their ethnic origin, religious beliefs, political preferences and social status. This attitude, perceived as critical for preserving cultural identity, appears to be true even for cases when such transmission did not prove to be successful.