bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ionospheric Perturbation on GPS Observation over Low Latitude Region, Bhopal
Authors: Chatterjee S. , Purohit P. K.
Published: September 2012

Increased knowledge on the ionospheric structure is of important interest for precise positioning, since the ionosphere has an impact on global positioning system (GPS) L-band radio waves by its free electrons. Especially during perturbed geomagnetic conditions when the ionosphere differs from its undisturbed state, quasi real time data assimilation would be useful. On the other hand, these perturbations of the GPS signals are taken as scientific information to investigate ionospheric scenarios. In this paper we describe the occurrence of GPS phase fluctuations during January to December 2005 events on the basis of Bhopal GPS observations. This study concerns the analysis of strong phase fluctuations which were associated with geomagnetic storms. The intensive total electron content (TEC) fluctuations observed along GPS satellite passes, demonstrate a strong horizontal gradient of TEC and difficulties with the carrier phase ambiguity in relative GPS positioning. In turn, the phase fluctuations can cause cycle slips.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.10146 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 577-587 (2012)
The Effect of Cobalt Doping in Structural Phase Transition of SmFe1-xCoxAsO Measured by Low-temperature X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Khan A. , Rahman A. , Naher S. , Kaneko H. , Yun Y. , Savinkov A. , Suzuki H. , Li Y. K. , Tao Q. , Cao G. H. , Xu Z. A.
Published: September 2012

The parent compound SmFeAsO shows structural phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic at the temperature TD = 144 K. In the compound SmFe1-xCoxAsO,  with increasing x the structural transition temperature TD and  SDW TN decreases and reaches 0 K at the critical concentration xc. The X-ray diffraction technique has been used here to study the structural phase transition temperature. It is observed that the (400) peak of the parent compound SmFeAsO splits into two peaks (400) and (040), when the temperature is lower than the structural transition temperature TD. The structural phase transition of Co doped compounds SmFe1-xCoxAsO has also been studied for x = 0, 0.01, 0.025 and 0.075. The phase transition temperature TD for SmFe0.99Co0.01AsO, SmFe0.975Co0.025AsO and SmFe0.925Co0.075AsO are 134 K, 118 K and 4 K, respectively. The phase diagram of TD versus lattice spacing reveals that the structural transition temperature decreases with shrinking lattice constant along c-axis similar to the decrease of the structural phase transition temperature with increasing Co concentration. The phase diagrams of   SmFe1-xCoxAsO and Sm(O1-xFx)FeAs show a similar nature.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.10248 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 541-550 (2012)
Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Coagulation Precipitation Method
Authors: Sabur M. A. , Khan A. A. , Safiullah S.
Published: September 2012

Treatment of textile effluent, collected from Sattar Textile located at Chandra under Gazipur district, Bangladesh was carried out by chemical coagulation and precipitation method. The highly alkaline (pH=12.0) reddish orange colored effluent was characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD) 1638 mg O2/L; total suspended solids (TSS) 9.76 g/L; total dissolved solids (TDS) 6.62 g/L and turbidly 31.24 FTU. In the present study, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and SAFI (described in the results and discussions part) solutions were used as coagulants both individually and as their mixture at various ratios. As coagulation precipitation is highly pH sensitive, influence of pH was noted in each case. It was seen that the combined effect of both the coagulants is more effective than the individual effect of coagulants at a particular proportion at pH 6 for the removal of pollutional load from the effluent. The minimum dosages for the coagulants were worked out also from the initial beaker experiments. Finally, the effluent obtained from the large scale treatment was characterized for some effluent quality parameters and 90.17, 74.09 and 93.47% removal COD, TDS and turbidity were observed, respectively.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.10777 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 623-633 (2012)
Chemical Constituents of Prunus persica Stem Bark
Authors: Raturi R. , Sati S. C. , Badoni P. P. , Singh H. , Sati M. D.
Published: September 2012

Chemical examination of methanolic extract of Prunus persica, stem bark, led to isolation of Flavon 3', 4', dihydroxy 6 methoxy 7-O-? -L-rhamnopyranoside (1), Prunetin-5-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (2), with previously known compounds ?-Sitosterol and Querceitin. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The structure of compounds were elucidated with the help of chemical and spectral studies.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.7725 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 769-774 (2012)
Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Yellow in Batch and Continuous Photoreactor Using Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Alam M. M. , Bin Mukhlish M. Z. , Uddin S. , Das S. , Ferdous K. , Khan M. R. , Islam M. A.
Published: September 2012

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been used as photo-catalyst for the degradation of reactive yellow (RY) in batch and continuous mode under UV irradiation. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was immobilized onto the ceramic plate using cement as binder. The effects of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, solution layer thickness, presence of catalyst, residence time, and catalyst loading on degradation have been investigated. The results showed that without catalyst no degradation was achieved. The maximum sorption capacity of TiO2 was found to be 0.01447 kg/kg. The degradation of RY followed pseudo-first order kinetics with rate constant k = 0.001 min-1. A decrease in degradation of RY was observed with an increase in initial concentration and solution layer thickness. A comparison of photocatalytic performance between batch and continuous mode was performed and the batch mode provided better degradation performance. About 60% degradation of dye was achieved at 360 min for 200 ppm RY solution in batch mode.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.8654 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 665-674 (2012)
The study of in Vitro Interaction of Ciprofloxacin with Paracetamol and Zinc in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ahsan M. R. , Sultan M. Z. , Aamjad F. M. , Sultana S. , Baki M. A. , Hossain M. A. , Hossain M. Amjad , Amran M. S.
Published: September 2012

Concurrent administration of more than one drug is a common practice in medical science and in such case one drug may affect the pharmacology of another drug. Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic in Bangladesh and frequently prescribed with paracetamol and zinc salt for concomitant use in patients suffering from infections. Therefore, the interaction of ciprofloxacin with paracetamol and zinc salt was studied in vitro at pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 which are related to gastric, intestinal juices and blood, respectively. Analysis of drug-drug and drug-metal complexation was carried out by using UV/VIS spectrophotometer as well as the conductometric titration. It was observed that ciprofloxacin formed complex with paracetamol and zinc at pH 1.2.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.8709 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 701-708 (2012)
Agrobacterium rhizogenes MTCC 532 Induced Hairy Root Development in Tephrosia purpurea (L) and its Effect on Production of Tephrosin
Authors: Dixit A. K. , Vaidya S. , Devaliya R.
Published: September 2012

In Ayurvedic system of medicine T. purpurea is used as important drug for various ailments as tonic, laxative, anthelmintic, purifier of blood, a cordial, cough, asthma, tympanitis, dyspepsia, snake bite and in bilious febrile attacks enlargement and obstruction of the liver, spleen and kidneys. The roots are the sites of synthesis and/or storage of many plant metabolites and also an important organ for the production of valuable phytochemical. Roots of T. purpurea contain tephrosin, deguelin, isotephrosin and maxima substances which makes it important drug plant. Therefore, an attempt had been made to study the inoculation effect of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (MTCC- 532) on growth, development of hairy roots and its effect on production of secondary metabolites in T. purpurea roots. After transformation of A. rhizogene (MTCC-532) significant increment in fresh weight in hairy roots cultured in solidified media was observed, the data revealed 7.6 times more fresh weight from initial fresh weights. In inoculated roots fast initiation of hairy roots was observed. 1.528g tephrosin was obtained from 40g of roots of field grown plants, giving the concentration of tephrosin in field grown plants roots to 38.2 mg /g d.w.b.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.8844 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 741-748 (2012)
Power of t-test for Simple Linear Regression Model with Non-normal Error Distribution: A Quantile Function Distribution Approach
Authors: Jahan S. , Khan A.
Published: September 2012

One of the major assumptions of the regression analysis is the normality assumption of the model error. We generally assume that the error term of the simple linear regression model is normally distributed. But in this paper g-and-k distribution is used as the underlying assumption for the distribution of error in simple linear regression model and a numerical study is conducted to see what extent of the deviation from normality causes what extent of effect on the size and power of t-test for simple linear regression model with the deviation being measured by a set a of skewness and kurtosis parameters. The strength of t-test is evaluated by observing the power function of t-test. The simulation result shows that, the performance of the t-test for simple linear regression model with g-and-k error distribution is seen to be vastly affected in presence of excess kurtosis and small samples (i.e. n<100).t-test is size robust under normal situation. Skewness and kurtosis parameter has a very little effect on the size of the t-test.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9067 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 609-622(2012)
Adrenal Steroids Uniquely Influence Sexual Motivation Behavior in Male Rats
Authors: Taylor George T. , Dearborn Joshua T. , Maloney Susan E.
Published: September 2012

The androgenic adrenal steroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 4α-androstenedione (4-A) have significant biological activity, but it is unclear if the behavioral effects are unique or only reflections of the effects of testosterone (TS). Gonadally intact male Long-Evans rats were assigned to groups to receive supplements of DHEA, 4-A, TS, corticosteroid (CORT), all at 400 µg steroid/kg of body weight, or vehicle only for 5 weeks. All males were tested in a paradigm for sexual motivation that measures time and urinary marks near an inaccessible receptive female. It was found that DHEA and 4-A supplements failed to influence time near the estrous female in the same way TS supplements did, and, indeed, 5 weeks of 4-A administration reduced the time similar to the suppressive effects of CORT after 3 weeks. Further, animals treated with DHEA or 4-A left fewer urinary marks near an estrous female than TS and control groups. These results suggest that DHEA and 4-A are not merely precursors of sex hormones, and provide support for these steroids influencing the brain and behavior in a unique fashion that is dissimilar from the effects of TS on male sexual behavior.
Species Assemblage and Biogeography of Japanese Protura (Hexapoda) in Forest Soils
Authors: Kaneko Nobuhiro , Minamiya Yukio , Nakamura Osami , Saito Masayuki , Hashimoto Minori
Published: September 2012

The distribution and species assembly of Japanese Protura collected from forest soils were examined using published databases and statistical analysis. We used records from 3110 sites where 71 taxa were found. The species richness of Protura ranged from one to 16 species, and TWINSPAN analysis of regional populations indicated that the northern and southern regions could be separated into distinct groups. Three major species assemblages were identified by cluster analysis from points containing more than six species. Three groups reflected historical migration from northern and western linkages to the Asian continent. The northern assemblage showed a negative correlation to winter minimum temperature and the other two assemblages exhibited relationships to precipitation and temperature. Vegetation was not responsible for proturan distribution. These results suggest that the history of Protura invasion explains the biogeography of these soil-based, small arthropods and also that climate change will induce a shift in the distribution of species irrespective of changes in vegetation type.
Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Sun Jing , Wang Wenlong , Liu Zhen , Ma Qingluan , Zhao Chao , Ma Chunyuan
Published: September 2012

This paper describes a kinetic study of the decomposition of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) under conventional and microwave-induced pyrolysis conditions. We discuss the heating rates and the influence of the pyrolysis on the thermal decomposition kinetics of WPCB. We find that the thermal degradation of WPCB in a controlled conventional thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) occurred in the temperature range of 300 °C–600 °C, where the main pyrolysis of organic matter takes place along with an expulsion of volumetric volatiles. The corresponding activation energy is decreased from 267 kJ/mol to 168 kJ/mol with increased heating rates from 20 °C/min to 50 °C/min. Similarly, the process of microwave-induced pyrolysis of WPCB material manifests in only one stage, judging by experiments with a microwave power of 700 W. Here, the activation energy is determined to be only 49 kJ/mol, much lower than that found in a conventional TGA subject to a similar heating rate. The low activation energy found in microwave-induced pyrolysis suggests that the adoption of microwave technology for the disposal of WPCB material and even for waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) could be an attractive option.
Gamma Irradiation of in-Shell and Blanched Peanuts Protects against Mycotoxic Fungi and Retains Their Nutraceutical Components during Long-Term Storage
Authors: De Camargo Adriano Costa , De Souza Vieira Thais Maria Ferreira , Regitano-d’Arce Marisa Aparecida Bismara , Alencar Severino Matias de , Calori-Domingues Maria Antonia , Fillet Spoto Marta Helena , Canniatti-Brazaca Solange Guidolin
Published: September 2012

Peanut samples were irradiated (0.0, 5.2, 7.2 or 10.0 kGy), stored for a year (room temperature) and examined every three months. Mycotoxic fungi (MF) were detected in non-irradiated blanched peanuts. A dose of 5.2 kGy was found suitable to prevent MF growth in blanched samples. No MF was detected in in-shell peanuts, with or without irradiation. The colors of the control in-shell and blanched samples were, respectively, 44.72 and 60.21 (L *); 25.20 and 20.38 (Chroma); 53.05 and 86.46 (°Hue). The water activities (Aw) were 0.673 and 0.425. The corresponding fatty acids were 13.33% and 12.14% (C16:0), 44.94% and 44.92% (C18:1, ω9) and 37.10% and 37.63% (C18:2, ω6). The total phenolics (TP) were 4.62 and 2.52 mg GAE/g, with antioxidant activities (AA) of 16.97 and 10.36 μmol TEAC/g. Storage time negatively correlated with Aw (in-shell peanuts) or L *, linoleic acid, TP and AA (in-shell and blanched peanuts) but positively correlated with Aw (blanched peanuts), and with oleic acid (in-shell and blanched peanuts). Irradiation positively correlated with antioxidant activity (blanched peanuts). No correlation was found between irradiation and AA (in-shell samples) or fatty acids and TP (in-shell and blanched peanuts). Irradiation protected against MF and retained both the polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols in the samples.
Virtual Globes: Serving Science and Society
Authors: Blaschke Thomas , Donert Karl , Gossette Frank , Kienberger Stefan , Marani Martin , Qureshi Salman , Tiede Dirk
Published: September 2012

Virtual Globes reached the mass market in 2005. They created multi-million dollar businesses in a very short time by providing novel ways to explore data geographically. We use the term “Virtual Globes” as the common denominator for technologies offering capabilities to annotate, edit and publish geographic information to a world-wide audience and to visualize information provided by the public and private sectors, as well as by citizens who volunteer new data. Unfortunately, but not surprising for a new trend or paradigm, overlapping terms such as “Virtual Globes”, “Digital Earth”, “Geospatial Web”, “Geoportal” or software specific terms are used heterogeneously. We analyze the terminologies and trends in scientific publications and ask whether these developments serve science and society. While usage can be answered quantitatively, the authors reason from the literature studied that these developments serve to educate the masses and may help to democratize geographic information by extending the producer base. We believe that we can contribute to a better distinction between software centered terms and the generic concept as such. The power of the visual, coupled with the potential of spatial analysis and modeling for public and private purposes raises new issues of reliability, standards, privacy and best practice. This is increasingly addressed in scientific literature but the required body of knowledge is still in its infancy.
Information Flow and Health Policy Literacy: The Role of the Media
Authors: Wolbring Gregor , Leopatra Verlyn , Yumakulov Sophya
Published: September 2012

People increasingly can and want to obtain and generate health information themselves. With the increasing do-it-yourself sentiment comes also the desire to be more involved in one’s health care decisions. Patient driven health-care and health research models are emerging; terms such as participatory medicine and quantified-self are visible increasingly. Given the health consumer’s desire to be more involved in health data generation and health care decision making processes the authors submit that it is important to be health policy literate, to understanding how health policies are developed, what themes are discussed among health policy researchers and policy makers, to understand how ones demands would be discussed within health policy discourses. The public increasingly obtains their knowledge through the internet by searching web browsers for keywords. Question is whether the “health consumer” to come has knowledge of key terms defining key health policy discourses which would enable them to perform targeted searches for health policy literature relevant to their situation. The authors found that key health policy terms are virtually absent from printed and online news media which begs the question how the “health consumer” might learn about key health policy terms needed for web based searches that would allow the “health consumer” to access health policy discourses relevant to them.
“In Space” or “As Space”?: A New Model
Authors: Smith Charles H. , Derr Megan
Published: September 2012

In this analysis natural systems are posed to subsystemize in a manner facilitating both structured information/energy sharing and an entropy maximization process projecting a three-dimensional, spatial, outcome. Numerical simulations were first carried out to determine whether n × n input-output matrices could, once entropy-maximized, project a three-dimensional Euclidean metric. Only 4 × 4 matrices could; a small proportion passed the test. Larger proportions passed when grouped random patterns on and within two- and three-dimensional forms were tested. Topographical patterns within 31 stream basin systems in the state of Kentucky, USA, were then similarly investigated, anticipating that the spatial configuration of elevations within each basin would provide evidence of evolutionary control when interpreted as internal group relations. Twenty-eight of thirty-one of the systems pass the test unambiguously, with the remaining three approaching or reaching passage when sampling density is increased. Two measures of subsystem-level redundancies are also introduced; these show: (1) surprisingly, minimized internal redundancy levels at the four subsystems level of analysis of the stream systems (as opposed to the five or six, in contrast with the simulations), and (2) much lower average levels than those obtained in the simulations at the same dimensions, both suggesting a preferred evolutionary path under real world conditions.
Synthesis, Structure and Insecticidal Activities of Some Novel Amides Containing N-Pyridylpyrazole Moeities
Authors: Dong Wei-Li , Xu Jing-Ying , Xiong Li-Xia , Li Zheng-Ming
Published: September 2012

In our search for environmentally benign insecticides with high activity, low toxicity and low residue, a novel series of amides containing N-pyridylpyrazole moieties were designed and synthesized. The structures of the title compounds were characterized and confirmed by 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the structure of compound 7l was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The preliminary bioassay tests showed that some of them exhibited good insecticidal activities against Mythimna separata Walker, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) and Laphygma exigua Hübner.
Effects of Glycerol and Creatine Hyperhydration on Doping-Relevant Blood Parameters
Authors: Polyviou Thelma P. , Easton Chris , Beis Lukas , Malkova Dalia , Takas Pantazis , Hambly Catherine , Speakman John R. , Koehler Karsten , Pitsiladis Yannis P.
Published: September 2012

Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a “masking agent” remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g•kg−1 body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) mass determined using the optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method pre- and post-supplementation. BM and total body water (TBW) increased significantly following supplementation by 1.1 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 1.2 L (BM, P < 0.01; TBW, P < 0.01), respectively. This hyperhydration did not significantly alter plasma volume or any of the doping-relevant blood parameters (e.g., hematocrit, Hb, reticulocytes and total Hb-mass) even when Gly was clearly detectable in urine samples. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementation with hyperhydrating solution containing Gly for 7 days does not significantly alter doping-relevant blood parameters.
Grapefruit Fiber Filled with Silver Nanowires Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Lu Ying , Hao Cong-Jing , Wu Bao-Qun , Huang Xiao-Hui , Wen Wu-Qi , Fu Xiang-Yong , Yao Jian-Quan
Published: September 2012

A kind of surface plasmon resonance sensor based on grapefruit photonic crystal fiber (PCF) filled with different numbers of silver nanowires has been studied in this paper. The surface plasmon resonance modes and the sensing properties are investigated comprehensively using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the intensity sensitivity is related to nanowire numbers and the distance between two nanowires. The optimum value obtained is 2,400 nm/RIU, corresponding to a resolution of 4.51 × 10−5 RIU with a maximum distance of 2 μm. To a certain extent, the PCF filled with more nanowires is better than with just one. Furthermore, the air holes of grapefruit PCF are large enough to operate in practice. Moreover, the irregularity of the filled nanowires has no effect on sensitivity, which will be very convenient for the implementation of experiments.
Using SWE Standards for Ubiquitous Environmental Sensing: A Performance Analysis
Authors: Tamayo Alain , Granell Carlos , Huerta Joaquín
Published: September 2012

Although smartphone applications represent the most typical data consumer tool from the citizen perspective in environmental applications, they can also be used for in-situ data collection and production in varied scenarios, such as geological sciences and biodiversity. The use of standard protocols, such as SWE, to exchange information between smartphones and sensor infrastructures brings benefits such as interoperability and scalability, but their reliance on XML is a potential problem when large volumes of data are transferred, due to limited bandwidth and processing capabilities on mobile phones. In this article we present a performance analysis about the use of SWE standards in smartphone applications to consume and produce environmental sensor data, analysing to what extent the performance problems related to XML can be alleviated by using alternative uncompressed and compressed formats.
Refocusing Seafood Sustainability as a Journey Using the Law of the Minimum
Authors: Tlusty Michael , Tausig Heather , Taranovski Tania , Jeans Meghan , Thompson Matt , Cho Michelle , Eppling Michael , Clermont Jason J. , Goldstein Jennifer , Fitzsimons Elizabeth
Published: September 2012

Globally, seafood is an important protein source because it is a nutritious food source produced with relative efficiency compared to other proteins. Because of problems related to overfishing and deleterious environmental impacts, over the last decade, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increased their focus on seafood sustainability while businesses have incorporated this issue into their corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. Sustainability is a concept that can be addressed in terms of scale of issues considered (narrow vs. broad) as well as the scope of how they are measured (undemanding or demanding). Currently, the message of seafood sustainability is becoming complicated in that the journey toward sustainability is being referred to as having achieved a state of sustainability. In addition, companies making a “sustainable” declaration are often at different points in the “scale/scope” arena. As a result, buyers, retailers and consumers have difficulty differentiating between these products. Furthermore, they often assume that a “sustainable” product has no further need for improvement, when in fact this is rarely the case. This change in reference from a continual process (a journey) to a static point (it is sustainable) limits further advances in seafood sustainability and the drive for continual improvement. Herein, the “Law of the Minimum”, growth toward an end goal will occur until one factor becomes limiting, is adopted as an analogy for sustainability. By refocusing the sustainability discussion on a progressive series of challenges to be met, the discussion will return to the journey as the central point. Doing so will help refresh the dialogue around seafood, and to create new opportunities for improvement.
Correction: System Dynamics Modeling of Individual Transferable Quota Fisheries and Suggestions for Rebuilding Stocks, Sustainability 2011, 3, 184-215
Authors: Garrity Edward J.
Published: September 2012

The author wishes to make the following correction to this paper. Due to mislabeling, replace: [...]
Responsible Mining: The Key to Profitable Resource Development
Authors: Goodland Robert
Published: September 2012

Better mining corporations want to adopt “Responsible Mining”. This paper outlines the essentials of responsible mining and offers a guide to corporations who want become responsible. Eight principles are discussed: (1) Social and environmental assessment, (2) Transparency, (3) Acceptance by stakeholders, (4) Food production trumps questionable mining, (5) Compliance with international standards, (6) Corporate prequalification, (7) Insurance and performance bonds, and (8) Royalties, taxes and fees. These principles are followed by a discussion of No-Go Zones to mining: why some types of sites should be off-limits to all mining. The Annex on Compensatory Offsets suggests that, on occasion, there may be exceptions to a No-Go Zone.
Simultaneous Detection of Ricin and Abrin DNA by Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
Authors: Felder Eva , Mossbrugger Ilona , Lange Mirko , Wölfel Roman
Published: September 2012

Ricin and abrin are two of the most potent plant toxins known and may be easily obtained in high yield from the seeds using rather simple technology. As a result, both toxins are potent and available toxins for criminal or terrorist acts. However, as the production of highly purified ricin or abrin requires sophisticated equipment and knowledge, it may be more likely that crude extracts would be used by non-governmental perpetrators. Remaining plant-specific nucleic acids in these extracts allow the application of a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and identification of abrin or ricin genomic material. Therefore, we have developed a duplex real-time PCR assays for simultaneous detection of ricin and abrin DNA based on the OmniMix HS bead PCR reagent mixture. Novel primers and hybridization probes were designed for detection on a SmartCycler instrument by using 5′-nuclease technology. The assay was thoroughly optimized and validated in terms of analytical sensitivity. Evaluation of the assay sensitivity by probit analysis demonstrated a 95% probability of detection at 3 genomes per reaction for ricin DNA and 1.2 genomes per reaction for abrin DNA. The suitability of the assays was exemplified by detection of ricin and abrin contaminations in a food matrix.
Structural Aspects of the Interaction of Dairy Phages with Their Host Bacteria
Authors: Mahony Jennifer , Van Sinderen Douwe
Published: September 2012

Knowledge of phage-host interactions at a fundamental level is central to the design of rational strategies for the development of phage-resistant strains that may be applied in industrial settings. Phages infecting lactic acid bacteria, in particular Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, negatively impact on dairy fermentation processes with serious economic implications. In recent years a wealth of information on structural protein assembly and topology has become available relating to phages infecting Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis, which act as models for structural analyses of dairy phages. In this review, we explore the role of model tailed phages, such as T4 and SPP1, in advancing our knowledge regarding interactions between dairy phages and their hosts. Furthermore, the potential of currently investigated dairy phages to in turn serve as model systems for this particular group of phages is discussed.
The Effect of Liberalism on the Development of Clinical Professions
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean , Askofaré Sidi
Published: September 2012

Ce qu’on appelle néo-libéralisme est loin de se réduire à une simple option économique. Il convient de prendre la mesure de son impact sur notre civilisation elle-même. D’une part il produit une nouvelle anthropologie à travers laquelle les sujets sont invités à se penser ; d’autre part il enrôle les disciplines académiques (psychologie, psychiatrie, économie, etc.) pour fabriquer la théorie de ce « nouvel individu » nécessaire à son développement et à son maintien ; enfin il pré-interprète en fonction de son idéologie les dysfonctionnements et autres incidences psychiques en aléas à éradiquer. De sorte que le clinicien se trouve devant un dilemme : participer à l’adaptation au monde de la globalisation et cultiver cette anthropologie qui débouche à terme sur l’effacement de toute clinique du sujet ou restaurer et accueillir la dimension de symptôme jusqu’à lui rendre sa fonction d’objection au formatage par quelque Autre que ce soit, et se retrouver lui-même dans une position symptomatique. Or, les réformes actuelles en Europe (et en tout cas en France) en matière de « santé mentale » semblent traquer cette position aussi bien à l’hôpital, dans l’éducation, que dans la justice : comment penser sinon une issue du moins une position éthique ?
Cult Fixion
Authors: Mary Arthur
Published: September 2012

Le discours social s’organise autour de signifiants. Si les « grands récits » (Lyotard, 1979) de l’émancipation structuraient le socius moderne, leur disparition caractérise notre nouvelle modernité et fait place au foisonnement de petits récits, coextensifs aux discours du communautarisme et du sectarisme. Ces « fixions » (Ronell, 2009), faites de signifiants structurées suivant une modalité addictive et adhésive, prennent le sujet au piège d’un discours non soumis à la castration.
Imagerie médicale et art contemporain, rencontres autour d'un corps virtuel
Authors: Potier Rémy
Published: September 2012

L’art contemporain offre un regard singulier et révélateur concernant le corps, tel qu’il est aujourd’hui vécu. À partir de cet intérêt porté au corps, la question de la virtualisation de celui-ci est également devenue source d’inspiration. Des artistes se saisissent ainsi d’images véhiculées par la médecine à travers l’imagerie pour mettre en scène ce corps virtuel. C’est cette actualisation du corps virtuel qui interpelle les artistes. Ils intègrent ces images du corps issues de la médecine dans leur dispositif artistique. Cette rencontre entre art et médecine à l’heure des appareillages technique engage la question de la place acquise par ces images dans notre culture, et la façon dont celles-ci illustrent ce que devient notre rapport à l’altérité puis à la mort. L’une des illustrations du corps, aujourd’hui, dans sa visibilité la plus intime, est portée par l’imagerie médicale. Cette technique est le média incontournable par lequel nous nous représentons notre corps de chair, sujet à la maladie et voué à la mort. Il convient de se laisser saisir par l’art contemporain à partir de ce qu’il donne à penser de la rencontre du sujet avec l’imagerie médicale. Le malaise dans la culture, est aujourd’hui étroitement lié à ces immersions dans l’image (virtuelle) dont l’accès et les pratiques sont de plus en plus répandues, au-delà même du domaine de la santé. C’est ainsi que l’art depuis le XXe siècle montre du corps ce que les techniques de visualisation ont permis de voir les unes après les autres, s’insinuant dans la culture, au point de modifier le rapport au corps et à ses images. Les rayons X, les photographies en gros plan, la macrophotographie vont être enrôlés au service de l’art. Ce détour par l’art est très instructif, il permet de montrer combien le regard porté sur l’image médicale déroute et met à l’épreuve l’idée même de représentation.
Resistance in Freud and Foucault
Authors: Canavêz Fernanda , Miranda Heraldo
Published: September 2012

Cet article nous décrit la question de la résistance chez Freud et Foucault. Les auteurs parient sur la fertilité de la différence, afin d’entreprendre une analyse du concept de résistance qui échappe aux impératifs de la conciliation précipitée et à ceux des non-ressemblances stériles. Ainsi, on est tenté de penser que la relation entre les deux auteurs est d’un rapprochement non-conciliatoire, car il n’est pas possible de supposer une approche absolue, malgré des éléments en commun, ni un éloignement radical. Du point de vue des éléments communs, nous avons le caractère multiple de la résistance chez les deux auteurs et la capacité continue de résister. Chez Freud, il est possible de reconnaître une dimension au-delà de la résistance de l’adversaire élément de traitement – en particulier à partir du second dualisme pulsionnel. La résistance, en conséquence, échapperait à toute tentative de soumission dans le cadre de l’expérience psychanalytique. Par contre, en ce qui concerne les éléments de l’éloignement, nous savons que la discussion du pouvoir est extrêmement coûteuse à la pensée foucaldienne, alors que chez Freud elle n’est pas thématisée comme telle.
Children's Play as a Reading and Figuration of the Invisible
Authors: Diez Verónica
Published: September 2012

On tente ici d’analyser la fonction de la figuration que les dessins et jeux d’enfants nous proposent dans les rencontres cliniques, tout en comprenant la valeur signifiante que portent les images. Nous partirons de la psychanalyse, notamment des études faites par S. Freud et J. Lacan, et d’autres disciplines comme la linguistique et la philosophie pour aborder la question de la lisibilité des images par rapport aux procédés figuratifs utilisés par l’enfant.
The Freudian Clinic of the Onset of Psychosis
Authors: Trichet Yohan
Published: September 2012

L’auteur se propose d’examiner la genèse et l’évolution de la clinique freudienne de l’entrée dans la psychose, à partir des observations contenues dans le corpus freudien. Il retrace le parcours conceptuel du fondateur de la psychanalyse, de ses premiers textes sur les psychonévroses (1894) à ses articles afférents à la seconde topique dans les années 20. Il en ressort que Freud situe essentiellement ses recherches dans le champ des psychoses paranoïaques. Malgré son incessante volonté et ses nombreuses propositions spéculatives, Freud ne parvient pas à dégager le mécanisme spécifique de la psychose et de son éclosion.
Purpose, Objectives, and Outcome: Tying the Pieces Together
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S. , Chappell Kathy
Published: September 2012

The fundamental intent of continuing nursing education is to improve the professional practice of nursing and the care provided to patients. Using a thoughtful process for developing a purpose and objectives for an activity and identifying the desired outcome(s) helps to ensure that the learning activity will be valuable for learners and achieve desired results.
Technology and Nursing Education: An Online Toolkit for Educators
Authors: Hart Carolyn
Published: September 2012

New tools that are free are available via the Internet and can successfully be used to create interactive and engaging courses designed to reach today’s technologically savvy learners.
Engaging Students in Gerontological Research: The STARR Program
Authors: Shellman Juliette
Published: September 2012

There is a critical need to prepare undergraduate and graduate nursing students to take active roles in gerontological nursing research. Nurse educators are faced with multiple challenges such as the demands of the tripartite role (teaching, scholarship, and service), and managing large numbers of students. These issues make it difficult to actively engage nursing students in gerontological nursing research. STudents Advancing Reminiscence Research (STARR) is an example of an innovative program that fosters student engagement in research using available resources while enhancing the faculty advisor’s program of reminiscence research. The impetus for creating the STARR program is described in this article, and implications and recommendations for nursing education, practice, and policy are presented.
An Evidence-Based Meta-analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Pediatric Retinal Diseases: Part 1. Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Mititelu Mihai , Chaudhary Khurram M. , Lieberman Ronni M.
Published: September 2012

Recently there has been interest in the novel, off-label use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for various stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The authors report on the quality and depth of new evidence published from 2009 to 2011 concerning the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA) as either primary or adjunctive treatment for ROP. There is significant variability in the evidence, quality, and design of the studies available in the literature. There has been a trend in the scientific literature of the past 2 years toward larger, multi-center, randomized studies investigating the role of bevacizumab in the treatment of ROP. More recent evidence suggests that monotherapy with intravitreal bevacizumab may be a viable first-line treatment for select cases of zone I ROP and possibly for posterior zone II disease. Adjunctive treatment with bevacizumab may enhance outcomes in patients treated with laser photocoagulation or pars plana vitrectomy. However, there are significant concerns regarding its long-term safety profile. Further prospective studies are warranted to more fully determine the role of anti-VEGF therapy in this disease.
Evaluation of Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth, and Iridocorneal Angle Following Scleral Buckling Surgery With AS-OCT
Authors: Karti Omer , Selver Ozlem Barut , Ozbek Zeynep , Oner F. Hakan , Durak Ismet , Saatci Ali Osman
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) following scleral buckling surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Thirty-one eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that underwent scleral buckling were included in this prospective study. Changes in CCT, ACD, and ICA were measured with AS-OCT.

RESULTS:

There was a significant increase in the CCT at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. CCT became slightly thinner than the preoperative values at 1 month postoperatively. The ACD was relatively shallow at all visits after the surgery. The decrease in the ICA 0° and 180° values was statistically significant at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:

Changes in the CCT and ICA after scleral buckling were mild and almost returned to their preoperative levels within 6 months. However, ACD shallowing persisted even after 6 months.
Assessment of Vitreous Incarceration in Sclerotomies With OCT, Ultrasound Biomicroscopy, and Direct Visualization
Authors: Lopez-Guajardo Lorenzo , Benitez-Herreros Javier , Camara-Gonzalez Cristina , Silva-Mato Agustin
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and direct visualization for detecting vitreous incarceration in sutureless sclerotomies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Prospective, randomized, and observer-masked experimental study in which 23-gauge vitrectomy was performed in pig eyes. Postoperative incisional vitreous incarceration was evaluated by AS-OCT, UBM, and direct visualization.

RESULTS:

One hundred eighteen pig eyes were included. Vitreous entrapment was found in 7.9% (28 of 354), 59.6% (211 of 354), and 95.5% (338 of 354) of the sclerotomies analyzed by AS-OCT, UBM, and direct visualization, respectively. Direct visualization was the most sensible method for identifying incisional vitreous when compared with UBM and AS-OCT (
P
< .0001). In turn, UBM was superior to AS-OCT for observing vitreous incarceration (
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSION:

Direct visualization is the most effective method for detecting vitreous entrapment. Regarding the imaging techniques, UBM was superior to AS-OCT for identifying vitreous incarceration.
Lamellar Macular Hole Formation in a Patient With Diabetic CME Treated by Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections
Authors: Erdurman F. Cuneyt , Pellumbi Alfrida , Durukan A. Hakan
Published: September 2012

A 49-year-old woman with a diagnosis of diabetic cystoid macular edema in both eyes presented with the appearance of a macular hole in the left eye 1 month after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated a lamellar macular hole in the left eye. Although vitreomacular traction and epiretinal membrane are the possible underlying causes for the development of lamellar macular hole formation in eyes with cystoid macular edema, in this case previous optical coherence tomography scans revealed the complete separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane and the absence of an epiretinal membrane. The exact mechanism involved in the progression of cystoid macular edema to lamellar macular hole and the contribution of the intravitreal bevacizumab injections to this transformation remain unclear.
Chlorhexidine Bathing and Microbial Contamination in Patients’ Bath Basins
Authors: Powers Jan , Peed Jennifer , Burns Lindsey , Ziemba-Davis Mary
Published: September 2012

Background

Research has demonstrated the hazards associated with patients’ bath basins and microbial contamination. In a previous study, soap and water bath basins in 3 acute care hospitals were found to be reservoirs for bacteria and potentially associated with the development of hospital-acquired infections. Bacteria grew in 98% of the basin samples; the most common were enterococci (54%), and 32% were gram-negative organisms.

Objective

To assess the presence of bacterial contaminants in wash basins when chlorhexidine gluconate solution is used in place of standard soap and water to wash patients.

Methods

Bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate is the standard of practice for all patients in intensive care units at St Vincent Hospital. Specimens from 90 bath basins used for 5 days or more were cultured for bacterial growth to assess contamination of basins when chlorhexidine gluconate is used.

Results

Of the 90 basins cultured, only 4 came back positive for microbial growth; all 4 showed growth of gram-positive organisms. Three of the 4 organisms were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococcus, which is frequently found on the skin. This translates into a 95.5% reduction in bacterial growth when chlorhexidine gluconate is used as compared with soap and water in the previous study (Fisher exact test, P < .001). The only factor that was related to positive cultures of samples from basins was the sex of the patient.

Discussion

Compared with the previous study examining microbial contamination of basins when soap and water was used to bathe patients, bacterial growth in patients’ bath basins decreased significantly with the use of chlorhexidine gluconate, drastically reducing the risk for hospital-acquired infections. Such reduced risk is especially important for critically ill patients at high risk for bacterial infection.