bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disrupting Management Research? Critical Reflections on British Journal of Management COVID‐19 Research and an Agenda for the Future
Authors: Brammer Stephen , Branicki Layla , Linnenluecke Martina
Published: December 2022

Research interest in extreme contexts was growing before the COVID‐19 pandemic and has intensified since. The climate crisis, significant geo‐political conflict, political polarization and upheaval, and economic/financial crises that present existential challenges to organizations have all contributed to rising interest in extreme‐context research. COVID‐19 itself has generated an enormous body of research across all sub‐fields of management. However, the substantive, methodological and conceptual implications of this large volume of research remain unclear. In this introduction to the British Journal of Management COVID‐19 Online Virtual Issue, we describe and analyse COVID‐19 research so far published in the British Journal of Management. The Journal was proactive in seeing the profound implications of COVID‐19 for management research and practice, issuing an early call for contributions, and publishing several exploratory commentaries as early as July 2020. In this paper, we situate COVID‐19 research within the broader extreme‐context research, analyse contributions made so far, and build upon an extended taxonomy of extreme contexts to suggest ways for future research to generate further impactful insights.
Conjuring spirits: melancholic play and refusal among alcohol‐drinking Lisu men on the China‐Myanmar border
Authors: Lau Ting Hui
Published: December 2022

Among the ethnic minority Lisu in the Nu River Valley on the China‐Myanmar border, Christian missionization and Chinese development have led to cultural loss by paradoxically erasing and reifying Lisu cultural practices. Responding to loss, non‐Christian Lisu men gather regularly to drink alcohol, a practice denigrated by state and Christian discourses. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic fieldwork, this article argues that alcohol drinking is a form of melancholic play – a mode through which non‐Christian Lisu men objectify and refuse cultural loss. Revising conventional understandings of melancholia, in which people are said to be haunted by loss, I analyse how the men exert a haunting force through melancholic play. Incorporating forgotten rituals and summoning abandoned spirits, they reverse hegemonic hierarchies, reshape communal boundaries, and remember lost lifeworlds. By illuminating how melancholia constitutes an active refusal of loss rather than a pathological return of the repressed, this article contributes to understanding how people transform loss into social creativity, agency, and political action.
The effect of barley to wheat ratio in malt blends on protein composition and physicochemical characteristics of wort and beer
Authors: Li Xiu , Yang Junhua , Xie Lan , Jin Yuhong , Liu Junhan , Xing Wenjiao
Published: December 2022

The present work explored the effect of barley to wheat ratio in malt blends on protein composition and physicochemical characteristics of wort and beer. Results illustrated that the addition of wheat malt can significantly improve the soluble protein of wort and the final beer, and it can provide more > 2.2 kDa protein in final beer, which is mainly derived from the raw wheat malt, but also including some protein produced in the fermentation process, such as some protein between 29 and 66.4 kDa. Though the content of > 15 kDa protein was relatively lower than the protein whose molecular weight was < 15 kDa, but it had important effects on total nitrogen, total water‐soluble protein, free amino nitrogen, chromaticity, and viscosity of final beer. The addition of wheat malt significantly improved the concentration of 2.2–15 and > 15 kDa protein, but higher percentage of addition ratio can decrease the foam stability of the beer.

Practical Application

This findings can reasonably control the protein content and types of wheat beer, improve the quality of wheat beer, solve the key technological problems, and expand and popularize the application of wheat in beer industry.
Scheffersomyces stipitis ability to valorize different residual biomasses for vitamin B9 production
Authors: Mastella Luca , Senatore Vittorio , Beltrani Tiziana , Branduardi Paola
Published: December 2022

Sugar beet pulp (SBP), sugar beet molasses (SBM) and unfermented grape marcs (UGM) represent important waste in the agro‐food sector. If suitably pre‐treated, hexose and pentose sugars can be released in high quantities and can subsequently be used by appropriate cell factories as growth media and for the production of (complex) biomolecules, accomplishing the growing demand for products obtained from sustainable resources. One example is vitamin B9 or folate, a B‐complex vitamin currently produced by chemical synthesis, almost exclusively in the oxidized form of folic acid (FA). It is therefore desirable to develop novel competitive strategies for replacing its current fossil‐based production with a sustainable bio‐based process. In this study, we assessed the production of natural folate by the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis, investigating SBM, SBP and UGM as potential growth media. Pre‐treatment of SBM and SBP had previously been optimized in our laboratory; thus, here we focused only on UGM pre‐treatment and hydrolysis strategies for the release of fermentable sugars. Then, we optimized the growth of S. stipitis on the three media formulated from those biomasses, working on inoculum pre‐adaptation, oxygen availability and supplementation of necessary nutrients to support the microorganism. Folate production, measured with a microbiological assay, reached 188.2 ± 24.86 μg/L on SBM, 130.6 ± 1.34 μg/L on SBP and 101.9 ± 6.62 μg/L on UGM. Here, we demonstrate the flexibility of S. stipitis in utilizing different residual biomasses as growth media. Moreover, we assessed the production of folate from waste, and to the best of our knowledge, we obtained the highest production of folate from residual biomasses ever reported, providing the first indications for the future development of this microbial production process.
Reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome among Chinese women aged 40 years and older
Authors: Bai Ling , Yang Xi , Sun Ziyi , Luo Zuojie , Li Li , Liang Xinghuan , Zhou Jia , Meng Liheng , Peng Yang , Qin Yingfen
Published: December 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between reproductive variables and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among Chinese women aged 40 years and older.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 4453 women aged 40 years and older in Guangxi, China. The associations between women's reproductive factors and MetS were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was 23.9% in this population. Women with MetS were mostly older, more likely to be postmenopausal, and had higher parity. Compared to women with one prior live birth, those with three or more live births had the highest odds of having MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23–1.99). Similarly, compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal participants had higher odds of having MetS (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.49–2.31). No associations were observed between MetS and abortion or with age at menarche.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that multiparity and menopausal status may be associated with the development of MetS. The inconsistency seen in epidemiological research to date calls for further investigation.
Developing a prediction model for all‐cause mortality risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai, China
Authors: Qi Jiying , He Ping , Yao Huayan , Xue Yanbin , Sun Wen , Lu Ping , Qi Xiaohui , Zhang Zizheng , Jing Renjie , Cui Bin , Ning Guang
Published: December 2022

Background

All‐cause mortality risk prediction models for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in mainland China have not been established. This study aimed to fill this gap.

Methods

Based on the Shanghai Link Healthcare Database, patients diagnosed with T2DM and aged 40‐99 years were identified between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016 and followed until December 31, 2021. All the patients were randomly allocated into training and validation sets at a 2:1 ratio. Cox proportional hazards models were used to develop the all‐cause mortality risk prediction model. The model performance was evaluated by discrimination (Harrell C‐index) and calibration (calibration plots).

Results

A total of 399 784 patients with T2DM were eventually enrolled, with 68 318 deaths over a median follow‐up of 6.93 years. The final prediction model included age, sex, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, moderate or severe kidney disease, moderate or severe liver disease, cancer, insulin use, glycosylated hemoglobin, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The model showed good discrimination and calibration in the validation sets: the mean C‐index value was 0.8113 (range 0.8110–0.8115) and the predicted risks closely matched the observed risks in the calibration plots.

Conclusions

This study constructed the first 5‐year all‐cause mortality risk prediction model for patients with T2DM in south China, with good predictive performance.
Deciphering the role of platelets in severe allergy by an integrative omics approach
Authors: Pablo‐Torres Carmela , Izquierdo Elena , Tan Tiak Ju , Obeso David , Layhadi Janice A. , Sánchez‐Solares Javier , Mera‐Berriatua Leticia , Bueno‐Cabrera José Luis , del Mar Reaño‐Martos María , Iglesias‐Cadarso Alfredo , Barbas Coral , Gomez‐Casado Cristina , Villaseñor Alma , Barber Domingo , Shamji Mohamed H. , Escribese María M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Mechanisms causing the onset and perpetuation of inflammation in severe allergic patients remain unknown. Our previous studies suggested that severe allergic inflammation is linked to platelet dysfunction.

Methods

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) samples were obtained by platelet‐apheresis from severe (n = 7) and mild (n = 10) allergic patients and nonallergic subjects (n = 9) to perform platelet lipidomics by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and RNA‐seq analysis. Significant metabolites and transcripts were used to identify compromised biological pathways in the severe phenotype. Platelet and inflammation‐related proteins were quantified by Luminex.

Results

Platelets from severe allergic patients were characterized by high levels of ceramides, phosphoinositols, phosphocholines, and sphingomyelins. In contrast, they showed a decrease in eicosanoid precursor levels. Biological pathway analysis performed with the significant lipids revealed the alteration of phospholipases, calcium‐dependent events, and linolenic metabolism. RNAseq confirmed mRNA overexpression of genes related to platelet activation and arachidonic acid metabolism in the severe phenotypes. Pathway analysis indicated the alteration of NOD, MAPK, TLR, TNF, and IL‐17 pathways in the severe phenotype. P‐Selectin and IL‐17AF proteins were increased in the severe phenotype.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that platelet lipid, mRNA, and protein content is different according to allergy severity. These findings suggest that platelet load is a potential source of biomarkers and a new chance for therapeutic targets in severe inflammatory pathologies.
Predictors of outcome after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Group analysis categorized by age and type of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Uemura Tetsuya , Kondo Hidekazu , Sato Hiroki , Takahashi Masaki , Shinohara Tetsuji , Mitarai Kazuki , Fukui Akira , Hirota Kei , Fukuda Tomoko , Kodama Nozomi , Miyoshi Miho , Ogawa Naoko , Wada Masato , Yamasaki Hirochika , Iwanaga Kenzo , Uno Akihiro , Tawara Katsunori , Yonezu Keisuke , Akioka Hidefumi , Teshima Yasushi , Yufu Kunio , Nakagawa Mikiko , Takahashi Naohiko
Published: December 2022

Background

The outcome of catheter ablation could probably differ among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), depending on age and AF type. We aimed to investigate the difference in predictors of outcome after catheter ablation for AF among the patient categories divided by age and AF type.

Methods and Results

A total of 396 patients with AF (mean age 65.69 ± 11.05 years, 111 women [28.0%]) who underwent catheter ablation from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. We divided the patients into four categories: patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) or persistent AF (PeAF) who were 75 years or younger (≤75 years) or older than 75 years (>75 years). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with PAF aged ≤75 years had the lowest AF recurrence among the four groups (log‐rank test, p = .0103). In the patients with PAF aged ≤75 years (N = 186, 46.7%), significant factors associated with recurrence were female sex (p = .008) and diabetes (p = .042). In the patients with PeAF aged ≤75 years (N = 142, 35.9%), the only significant factor associated with no recurrence was medication with a renin‐angiotensin system inhibitor (p = .044). In the patients with PAF aged >75 years (N = 53, 14.4%), diabetes was significantly associated with AF recurrence (p = .021). No significant parameters were found in the patients with PeAF aged >75 years (N = 15, 4.1%).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the risk factors for AF recurrence after catheter ablation differed by age and AF type.
Insulating jackets thermally protect kidneys in an ex vivo model of second warm ischemia
Authors: Khan Turaab , Kwarcinski Jeremy , Boughton Philip , Yoon Peter , Hameed Ahmer , Singla Animesh , Pang Tony , Pleass Henry
Published: December 2022

Background

Kidney transplantation is the current optimal treatment for suitable patients with end‐stage renal disease. The second warm ischemic time (SWIT) is known to negatively impact delayed graft function, and long‐term graft survival, and methods are required to ameliorate the impacts of SWIT on transplantation outcomes.

Materials and Methods

This study primarily focused on determining the effect of a novel thermally insulating jacket on the thermal profile of the human kidney and quantifying the reduction in thermal energy experienced using this device (KPJ™). An ex vivo simulated transplantation model was developed to determine the thermal profiles of non‐utilized human kidneys with and without KPJ™ (n = 5). Control kidney temperature profiles were validated against the temperature profiles of n = 10 kidneys during clinical kidney transplantation.

Results

Using the ex‐vivo water bath model, the thermally insulated human kidney reached the 15°C metabolic threshold temperature at 44.5 ± 1.9 min (vs control: 17.3 ± 1.8 min (p = 0.00172)) and remained within the 18°C threshold until 53.3 ± 1.3 min (vs control: 20.9 ± 2.0 min (p = 0.002)). The specific heat capacity of KPJ™ protected kidney was four‐fold compared to the control kidney. The clinical temperature audit, closely correlated with the water bath model, hence validating this ex‐vivo human kidney transplant model.

Conclusion

Intraoperative thermal protection is a simple and viable method of reducing the thermal injury that occurs during the SWIT and increasing the specific heat capacity of the system. Such technology could easily be translated into clinical kidney transplant practice.
Cooling strategies during neonatal transport for hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Sibrecht Greta , Borys Franciszek , Campone Chiara , Bellini Carlo , Davis Peter , Bruschettini Matteo
Published: December 2022

Aim

We reviewed the literature on cooling methods during transport of newborn infants with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) born in a non‐tertiary centre and transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit for therapeutic hypothermia.

Methods

The electronic databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from inception up to 8 March 2022 for studies comparing cooling versus no cooling, active versus passive cooling, and servo‐controlled versus non‐servo‐controlled cooling. Odds ratio and confidence of interval were calculated for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference and confidence interval for continuous outcomes.

Results

The final analysis included 14 studies, 1 randomised and 13 non‐randomised, involving 1098 newborn infants. Compared with the other cooling methods, servo‐controlled active cooling was more likely to maintain body temperature within the target range of 33°C–34°C on arrival at a neonatal intensive care unit: odds ratio 13.58, 95% confidence interval 4.32–42.66, risk difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.46; 224 participants; three studies; I2 0%. The certainty of evidence was low. Only five studies reported mortality rates.

Conclusion

Servo‐controlled active cooling may be the preferred method during transport of newborn infants with HIE. A future area of focus should be long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes after servo‐controlled active cooling.
Gratitude intersects with affect as a boundary condition for daily satisfaction: An affective dynamics perspective
Authors: Mosteo Leticia , Junça‐Silva Ana , Lopes Rita Rueff
Published: December 2022

This study is based on the affective events theory to investigate the situational predictors for gratitude‐related differences in daily affect and satisfaction. We tested a moderated mediation model in which daily microevents (daily hassles and uplifts) were related to satisfaction through affect, at the within‐person level. We also tested the cross‐level interaction of gratitude on this indirect relationship. A total of 195 participants participated in a 5‐day diary study (195 * 5 = 975 measurement occasions). Multilevel modeling showed that, at the person‐level of analysis, daily microevents were significantly related to daily affect and, in turn, to daily satisfaction. At the daily level of analysis, trait‐based gratitude moderated the mediation of daily positive affect on the relationship between daily uplifts and daily satisfaction, such that it become stronger for individuals who scored lower on gratitude, but gratitude did not moderate the relationship between daily hassles, negative affect, and satisfaction. These findings make relevant theoretical contributions to understanding the power of gratitude for daily affective dynamics. These results also expand knowledge on within‐person processes that explain daily affect and satisfaction, in addition to more traditional between‐person factors. In sum, the present research demonstrates that “being grateful” may be associated with being happy and that individuals who are less grateful need to experience more daily uplifts and positive affect to feel satisfied.
Monks on the move? An assessment of mobility at the medieval Nubian monastery of Ghazali, Sudan (ca. 680–1,275 CE)
Authors: Stark Robert J. , Ciesielska Joanna A. , Obłuski Artur
Published: December 2022

The location of Ghazali monastery away from the Nile valley within the relatively isolated environs of the Bayuda desert presents a landscape suggestive of mobility toward the monastery by those who chose to reside there as monks. To assess this potentiality, a sample of 37 individuals from the monastic cemetery (Cemetery 2) were analysed for 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O to assess residency during dental enamel formation. The data generated bring into question the nature of mobility to Ghazali monastery, particularly in regard to the potential movement of people from the Nile valley, adjacent desertic landscapes, and further afield.
Reconstruction of diets based on the Δ15N values of individual amino acids at three sites in Sichuan, China
Authors: Lin Kuei‐chen , Lee Cheng‐Yi , Itahashi Yu , Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Jian , Liu Xiangyu , Yoneda Minoru
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes the nitrogen isotope composition of individual amino acids in collagen extracted from human bone samples from the Gaoshan, Yingpanshan, and Xinyicun sites in Sichuan, where the isotope baseline is unavailable or incomparable with the isotopic data derived from human remains. It aims to understand the food compositions of the inhabitants at these sites, spanning the period from the late Neolithic to the middle Bronze Age, during which time agriculture and domestication of animals were introduced to the region and became increasingly important. The δ15N values of two amino acids, phenylalanine (δ15NPhe) and glutamic acid (δ15NGlu), indicate that the peoples on the Chengdu Plain mainly consumed terrestrial foods. The contribution of aquatic resources to their diet was limited. A possible explanation for the low dependence on aquatic foods is that the developed agriculture and domestication of animals offered sufficient foods. Such subsistence economies and dietary patterns were shaped in the early Baodun period (ca. 2,500–2000 BCE) at the latest and did not seem to change when transiting to the Bronze Age. This study also assesses the significance of these subsistence practices in supporting the social development of the Chengdu Plain.
Combined targeting of fatty acid amide hydrolase and melatonin receptors promotes neuroprotection and stimulates inflammation resolution in rats
Authors: Cammarota Mariarosaria , Ferlenghi Francesca , Vacondio Federica , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Varani Katia , Bedini Annalida , Rivara Silvia , Mor Marco , Boscia Francesca
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose

Devising novel strategies to therapeutically favour inflammation resolution and provide neuroprotection is an unmet clinical need. Enhancing endocannabinoid tone by inhibiting the catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), or stimulating melatonin receptors has therapeutic potential to treat neuropathological states in which neuroinflammation plays a central role.

Experimental Approach

A rodent hippocampal explant model of inflammatory injury was used to assess the effects of UCM1341, a dual‐acting compound with FAAH inhibitory action and agonist activity at melatonin receptors, against neuroinflammatory damage. FAAH activity was measured by a radiometric assay, and N‐acylethanolamine levels were assessed by HPLC–MS/MS methods. FAAH distribution, evolution of inflammation and the contribution of UCM1341 to the expression of proteins controlling macrophage behaviour were investigated by biochemical and confocal analyses.

Key Results

UCM1341 exhibited greater neuroprotection against neuroinflammatory degeneration, compared with the reference compounds URB597 (FAAH inhibitor) and melatonin. During neuroinflammation, UCM1341 augmented the levels of anandamide and N‐oleoylethanolamine, but not N‐palmitoylethanolamine, up‐regulated PPAR‐α levels, attenuated demyelination and prevented the release of TNF‐α. UCM1341 modulated inflammatory responses by contributing to microglia/macrophage polarization, stimulating formation of lipid‐laden macrophages and regulating expression of proteins controlling cholesterol metabolism and efflux. The neuroprotective effects of UCM1341 were prevented by PPARα, TRPV1 and melatonin receptor antagonists.

Conclusion and Implications

UCM1341, by enhancing endocannabinoid and melatoninergic signalling, benefits neuroprotection and stimulates inflammation resolution pathways. Our findings provide an encouraging prospect of therapeutically targeting endocannabinoid and melatoninergic systems in inflammatory demyelinating states in the CNS.
Adolescents' problematic internet and smartphone use in (cyber)bullying experiences: A network analysis
Authors: Blinka Lukas , Stašek Andrea , Šablatúrová Nika , Ševčíková Anna , Husarova Daniela
Published: December 2022

Background

This study investigates both offline and online bullying perpetration and victimization in association with problematic internet use (PIU) and problematic smartphone use (PSU), while also considering the related psychosocial difficulties.

Methods

A total of 3939 adolescents (49.4% boys, aged 13–15 years) from a representative sample of schools in Slovakia was obtained from the Health Behavior in School‐aged Children (HBSC) project in 2018. Due to the lack of similar complex research and the expected mutual associations among the constructs, we compared exploratory network models that provided separate estimates for boys and girls.

Results

The constructs formed similarly clustered networks for both genders, with a few notable differences. Unlike PIU, PSU was not associated with bullying experiences in boys or girls; however, PSU and PIU were partially related in girls. Bullying experiences formed a strong cluster in both networks. Two strong bridges were identified, and they are potential candidates for intervention in both boys and girls: first, traditional bullying victimization connected the cluster of bullying experiences to psychosocial difficulties; and, second, frequently missing sleep or meals due to internet use (behavioral salience) that is connected to the bullying cluster with PIU.

Conclusions

The findings offer an indication for the preventive and interventive work of practitioners who deal with adolescents, as well as complex gender comparisons for the mutual relations of problematic internet and smartphone use, bullying experiences, and the psychosocial difficulties of youth. This study provides evidence that problematic digital media can play a role in bullying experiences irrespective of whether bullying happens offline or online.
Icaritin inhibits oxidative stress in murine astrocytes by binding to Orai1 to block store‐operated calcium channel
Authors: Fan Jianwei , Miao Yu , Zhao Yun , Guan Yongxia , Zhang Li , Pan Lihong , Feng Qun , Yao Jingchun , Sun Chenghong
Published: December 2022

Previous study has shown that icaritin (ICT) has meaningful protective effect on cerebral ischemic stroke, and this study aimed to investigate its mechanism from the aspect of protecting astrocytes from oxidative stress. Murine primary astrocytes were pretreated by ICT and exposed to H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. The results indicated that ICT inhibited H2O2‐induced astrocytes apoptosis, decreased Bax and cleaved caspase‐3, and increased Bcl‐2. In addition, ICT inhibited H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and maintained mitochondrial morphology. ICT decreased the synthesis of malondialdehyde and increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, ICT suppressed the transient and resting intracellular Ca2+ overload. Further investigation revealed that ICT could target the combination with Orai1 to block store‐operated calcium channel induced by H2O2. However, ICT did not enhance the protective effect of RO2959, a selective blocker of Orai1. These results indicate that ICT can play a neuroprotective role against oxidative stress injury by binding to Orai1 to block SOCC.
KH‐17, a simplified derivative of bongkrekic acid, weakly inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Authors: Takegawa Kazuto , Ito Takeshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Yamazaki Naoshi , Shindo Mitsuru , Shinohara Yasuo
Published: December 2022

Two natural products, bongkrekic acid and carboxyatractyloside, are known to specifically inhibit the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from its matrix side and cytosolic side, respectively, in concentration ranges of 10−6 M. In the present study, we investigated the manner of action of a synthetic bongkrekic acid derivative, KH‐17, lacking three methyl groups, one methoxy group, and five internal double bonds, on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. At slightly acidic pH, KH‐17 inhibited mitochondrial [3H]ADP uptake, but its inhibitory action was about 10 times weaker than that of its parental compound, bongkrekic acid. The main site of action of KH‐17 was confirmed as the matrix side of the ADP/ATP carrier by experiments using submitochondrial particles, which have an inside‐out orientation of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, when we added KH‐17 to mitochondria at neutral pH, it had a weak inhibitory effect on [3H]ADP uptake, and its inhibitory strength was similar to that of bongkrekic acid. These results indicated that KH‐17 weakly inhibits the ADP/ATP carrier not only from the matrix side but also from the cytosolic side. To ascertain whether this interpretation was correct, we examined the effects of KH‐17 and carboxyatractyloside on mitochondrial [3H]ADP uptake at two [3H]ADP concentrations. We found that both KH‐17 and carboxyatractyloside showed a stronger inhibitory effect at the lower [3H]ADP concentration. Therefore, we concluded that the bongkrekic acid derivative, KH‐17, weakly inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These results suggested that the elimination of three methyl groups, one methoxy group, and five internal double bonds present in bongkrekic acid altered its manner of action towards the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Our data will help to improve our understanding of the interaction between bongkrekic acid and the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier.
Two new dilactonized glycerol glycosides of the dual anticholinesterase active extract from Ocotea daphnifolia using bioguided fractionation and molecular docking studies
Authors: Luz Rebecca Lustosa Silva de Almeida , Almeida Raquel B. M. , Albuquerque Mara Márcia Sampaio , Cerqueira Amanda Ponce Morais , Tavares Josean Fechine , Silva Marcelo Sobral da , Filho Raimundo Braz , dos Santos Junior Manoelito C. , Branco Alexsandro , Botura Mariana B.
Published: December 2022

The dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is considered as an important strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we applied the bioguided fractionations of Ocotea daphinifolia ethyl acetate active extract to furnish a fraction with high inhibitory activity for AChE and BuChE (82% and 92%, respectively). High‐performance liquid chromatography semipreparative purification of this fraction provided two new natural products: 1‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐glycerol‐2,3‐heptanedionate, (1) whose complete chemical structural elucidation was made with spectrometric analysis (MS, 1D, and 2D NMR) and its minor derivative 1‐β‐D‐gulopyranosyl‐glycerol‐2,3‐heptanedionate; (2) which could be characterized by 2D 1H‐13C heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation spectra analysis. Investigation of the intermolecular interactions with cholinesterases was carried out by molecular docking studies, and results suggested that both compounds are capable to interact with the catalytic site of both enzymes. Compounds 1 and 2 interact with residues of catalytic domains and the peripheral anionic binding site of AChE and BuChE. The results are comparable to those achieved with rivastigmine and galantamine. Thus, this study provides evidence for consideration of the glycosylglycerol from O. daphnifolia as new valuable dual cholinesterases inhibitor.
Contributors to well‐being of Chinese left‐behind families: A dyadic perspective from family resilience and grandparent–grandchild relationship
Authors: Hu Qiong , Zhou Yanlin , Dong Peiqi , Xu Cihua , Zhang Qiong
Published: December 2022

There is evidence that grandchildren and grandparents in Chinese left‐behind families (CLBF) suffer from immense life stressors. The well‐being of both generations is of great concern. Guided by the family adjustment and adaptation response model and ecological model of well‐being, the present study aimed to investigate the dyadic associations between family resilience and subjective well‐being (SWB) of left‐behind grandchildren and grandparents. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which relationship quality accounts for such reciprocal associations. A sample of 130 left‐behind grandparent–grandchild (GP–GC) pairs completed self‐reported questionnaires. Actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that both grandchildren's and grandparents' reported family resilience positively associated with their own SWB but not the other's SWB. Grandchildren's and grandparents' perceived relationship quality mediated the association between their perceived family resilience and their own SWB. Moreover, grandchildren‐perceived relationship quality mediated the association between grandchildren‐perceived family resilience and grandparents' SWB. Meanwhile, grandparent‐perceived relationship quality mediated the association between grandparent‐perceived family resilience and grandchildren's SWB. The findings highlighted the significance of family resilience and relationship quality in boosting the two generations' SWB in CLBF. The results also suggested that left‐behind grandchildren and their grandparents depend on each other. Future intervention programs could be benefitted from integrating the enhancement of family resilience and improvement of grandparent–grandchild relationship quality to promote the well‐being of left‐behind family members.
Protective ileostomy creation after anterior resection of the rectum: Shared decision‐making or still subjective?
Authors: Balla Andrea , Saraceno Federica , Rullo Marika , Morales‐Conde Salvador , Targarona Soler Eduardo M. , Di Saverio Salomone , Guerrieri Mario , Lepiane Pasquale , Di Lorenzo Nicola , Adamina Michel , Alarcón Isaias , Arezzo Alberto , Bollo Rodriguez Jesus , Boni Luigi , Biondo Sebastiano , Carrano Francesco Maria , Chand Manish , Jenkins John T. , Davies Justin , Delgado Rivilla Salvadora , Delrio Paolo , Elmore Ugo , Espin‐Basany Eloy , Fichera Alessandro , Flor Lorente Blas , Francis Nader , Gómez Ruiz Marcos , Hahnloser Dieter , Licardie Eugenio , Martinez Carmen , Ortenzi Monica , Panis Yves , Pastor Idoate Carlos , Paganini Alessandro M. , Pera Miguel , Perinotti Roberto , Popowich Daniel A. , Rockall Timothy , Rosati Riccardo , Sartori Alberto , Scoglio Daniele , Shalaby Mostafa , Simó Fernández Vicente , Smart Neil J. , Spinelli Antonino , Sylla Patricia , Tanis Pieter J. , Valdes‐Hernandez Javier , Wexner Steven D. , Sileri Pierpaolo
Published: December 2022

Aim

The choice of whether to perform protective ileostomy (PI) after anterior resection (AR) is mainly guided by risk factors (RFs) responsible for the development of anastomotic leakage (AL). However, clear guidelines about PI creation are still lacking in the literature and this is often decided according to the surgeon's preferences, experiences or feelings. This qualitative study aims to investigate, by an open‐ended question survey, the individual surgeon's decision‐making process regarding PI creation after elective AR.

Method

Fifty four colorectal surgeons took part in an electronic survey to answer the questions and describe what usually led their decision to perform PI. A content analysis was used to code the answers. To classify answers, five dichotomous categories (In favour/Against PI, Listed/Unlisted RFs, Typical/Atypical, Emotions/Non‐emotions, Personal experience/No personal experience) have been developed.

Results

Overall, 76% of surgeons were in favour of PI creation and 88% considered listed RFs in the question of whether to perform PI. Atypical answers were reported in 10% of cases. Emotions and personal experience influenced surgeons' decision‐making process in 22% and 49% of cases, respectively. The most frequently considered RFs were the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge (96%), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (88%), a positive intraoperative leak test (65%), blood loss (37%) and immunosuppression therapy (35%).

Conclusion

The indications to perform PI following rectal cancer surgery lack standardization and evidence‐based guidelines are required to inform practice. Until then, expert opinion can be helpful to assist the decision‐making process in patients who have undergone AR for adenocarcinoma.
Polyp characterization using deep learning and a publicly accessible polyp video database
Authors: Kader Rawen , Cid‐Mejias Anton , Brandao Patrick , Islam Shahraz , Hebbar Sanjith , Puyal Juana González‐Bueno , Ahmad Omer F. , Hussein Mohamed , Toth Daniel , Mountney Peter , Seward Ed , Vega Roser , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) for computer‐aided diagnosis of polyps are often trained using high‐quality still images in a single chromoendoscopy imaging modality with sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) often excluded. This study developed a CNN from videos to classify polyps as adenomatous or nonadenomatous using standard narrow‐band imaging (NBI) and NBI‐near focus (NBI‐NF) and created a publicly accessible polyp video database.

Methods

We trained a CNN with 16,832 high and moderate quality frames from 229 polyp videos (56 SSLs). It was evaluated with 222 polyp videos (36 SSLs) across two test‐sets. Test‐set I consists of 14,320 frames (157 polyps, 111 diminutive). Test‐set II, which is publicly accessible, 3317 video frames (65 polyps, 41 diminutive), which was benchmarked with three expert and three nonexpert endoscopists.

Results

Sensitivity for adenoma characterization was 91.6% in test‐set I and 89.7% in test‐set II. Specificity was 91.9% and 88.5%. Sensitivity for diminutive polyps was 89.9% and 87.5%; specificity 90.5% and 88.2%. In NBI‐NF, sensitivity was 89.4% and 89.5%, with a specificity of 94.7% and 83.3%. In NBI, sensitivity was 85.3% and 91.7%, with a specificity of 87.5% and 90.0%, respectively. The CNN achieved preservation and incorporation of valuable endoscopic innovations (PIVI)‐1 and PIVI‐2 thresholds for each test‐set. In the benchmarking of test‐set II, the CNN was significantly more accurate than nonexperts (13.8% difference [95% confidence interval 3.2–23.6], P = 0.01) with no significant difference with experts.

Conclusions

A single CNN can differentiate adenomas from SSLs and hyperplastic polyps in both NBI and NBI‐NF. A publicly accessible NBI polyp video database was created and benchmarked.
Phase I studies of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dual glucagon receptor/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonistBI456906
Authors: Jungnik Arvid , Arrubla Martinez Jorge , Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Kapitza Christoph , Lamers Daniela , Thamer Claus , Schölch Corinna , Desch Michael , Hennige Anita M.
Published: December 2022

Aim

To report two phase I studies of the novel subcutaneous glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor/glucagon receptor (GLP‐1R/GCGR) dual agonist BI 456906 versus placebo in healthy volunteers and people with overweight/obesity.

Materials and Methods

A phase Ia study (NCT03175211) investigated single rising doses (SRDs) of BI 456906 in 24 males with a body mass index (BMI) of 20–<30 kg/m2. A phase Ib study (NCT03591718) investigated multiple rising doses (MRDs) of BI 456906 (escalated over 6 [Part A] or 16 [Part B] weeks) in 125 adults with a BMI of 27–40 kg/m2.

Results

In the SRD study (N = 24), mean body weight decreased with increasing BI 456906 dose. In the MRD study, the maximum decreases in placebo‐corrected mean body weight were at week 6 (–5.79%, dosage schedule [DS] 1; Part A) and week 16 (–13.8%, DS7; Part B). BI 456906 reduced plasma amino acids and glucagon, indicating target engagement at GCGRs and GLP‐1Rs. Drug‐related adverse events (AEs) increased with BI 456906 dose. The most frequent drug‐related AE with SRDs was decreased appetite (n = 9, 50.0%), and two subjects (8.3%) did not complete the trial because of AEs (nausea and vomiting). During MRD Part A (N = 80), 10 subjects (12.5%) discontinued BI 456906, most commonly because of a cardiac or vascular AE (n = 6, 7.5%); during Part B (N = 45), eight subjects (17.8%) discontinued BI 456906, mainly because of AEs (n = 6, 13.3%), most commonly gastrointestinal disorders.

Conclusions

BI 456906 produced a placebo‐corrected body weight loss of 13.8% (week 16), highlighting its potential to promote clinically meaningful body weight loss in people with overweight/obesity.
A new attempt of applying hybrid team‐based and case‐based learning approach in dental materials science: Does it work?
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Tan Wen Wu , Foong Chan Choong
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Limited studies have been conducted on the use of a hybrid team‐based learning (TBL) and case‐based learning (CBL) approach in dental education. The present study aims to evaluate students' experience of the hybrid TBL–CBL in learning dental materials science subjects.

Methods

All second‐year undergraduate Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students were invited to participate in a TBL–CBL session. These participants were randomly allocated to six different groups of 10–12 students, and the session was conducted by one lecturer as the facilitator. A 23‐item questionnaire assessing four domains (perceptions of effectiveness, teacher, team interaction and learning environment) was administered at the end of the TBL–CBL session.

Results

The response rate was 91.9% (n = 68). Mean scores for the questionnaire items ranged from 4.13 to 4.60 suggesting a positive perception among the students towards the hybrid TBL–CBL approach. Regarding the open‐response questions, students emphasised that the TBL–CBL session was effective for team interaction and group discussions. However, students wished to have a better venue for future sessions.

Conclusion

Positive perceptions of the students encourage future educators to consider the use of TBL–CBL approach in teaching dental materials science and to avoid the reliance on standalone conventional lectures. Future research could consider examining its effects on students' academic achievement as well as the perspectives of teachers regarding its adoption in different dental specialities.
Bank ownership concentration and stock price informativeness: International evidence
Authors: Doan Anh‐Tuan , Lin Kun‐Li , Shen Chung‐Hua
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the relation between ownership concentration and stock price informativeness around the world. Using a sample of banks from 59 countries between 2002 and 2019, we find robust evidence from a linear model supporting the entrenchment effect. However, the nonlinear model shows that the effect of control rights on the informativeness of stock prices forms a U‐shaped curve. We also document that banks with controlling shareholders have more volatility in the information content of bank stock prices in a poor regulatory environment or developing countries.
Heuristics‐based sequence labelling model for finding educational domain acronym expansions
Authors: Menaha Ramakrishnan , Jayanthi Veiravan
Published: December 2022

An acronym is a short form of the text used in many applications like Web search, Research and scientific documents, information retrieval, biomedical documents, etc. The main objective of the work is to develop a heuristics‐based sequence labelling model to identify acronym expansion pairs in educational documents. The proposed system is implemented in four phases: (i) Data Collection (ii) Acronym Sequence Identification (iii) Expansion Determination and (iv) Acronym Expansion Validation. In this work, the acronym sequences identification is done by heuristic rules. Determining expansions is accomplished by a heuristics‐based sequence labelling model. Again, the validation of acronym expansion sequences is also done by using heuristics rules. The result section shows that our proposed heuristics‐based sequence labelling model achieved 98.4% accuracy in finding acronym expansion pairs from education research documents. The results are also compared with the acronym finder online acronym expansion repository and proved that more new acronym expansion sequences are identified by using our model.
Harvest control rules used in US federal fisheries management and implications for climate resilience
Authors: Free Christopher M. , Mangin Tracey , Wiedenmann John , Smith Conner , McVeigh Halley , Gaines Steven D.
Published: December 2022

Climate change is altering the productivity of marine fisheries and challenging the effectiveness of historical fisheries management. Harvest control rules, which describe the process for determining catch limits in fisheries, represent one pathway for promoting climate resilience. In the USA, flexibility in how regional management councils specify harvest control rules has spawned diverse approaches for reducing catch limits to precautionarily buffer against scientific and management uncertainty, some of which may be more or less resilient to climate change. Here, we synthesize the control rules used to manage all 507 US federally managed fish stocks and stock complexes. We classified these rules into seven typologies: (1) catch‐based; (2) constant catch; (3) constant escapement; (4) constant F; (5) stepped F; (6) ramped F and (7) both stepped and ramped F. We also recorded whether the control rules included a biomass limit (‘cut‐off’) value or were environmentally linked as well as the type and size of the buffers used to protect against scientific and/or management uncertainty. Finally, we review the advantages and disadvantages of each typology for managing fisheries under climate change and provide seven recommendations for updating harvest control rules to improve the resilience of US federally managed fisheries to climate change.
Characterization of temperature dependence of fracture behavior of monolithic and laminated ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Wan Yu , Wang Ruzhuan , Jia Bi , Zhou Shan , Liu Yumeng , Cai Hongwei , Gu Mingyu , Li Dingyu , Li Weiguo
Published: December 2022

The fracture behavior of ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites at high temperature has received increasing attention. However, few studies consider the effect of particle/crack interaction on the high temperature fracture strength of materials. In this work, the effect of particle/crack interaction is introduced into temperature‐dependent fracture strength model of monolithic ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites, which also considers effects of flaw size, grain size, and residual thermal stress. Furthermore, by considering the influence of laminated structure, a theoretical model of the temperature‐dependent fracture strength of laminated ceramic matrix composites is developed. The effect of particle/crack interaction is also included in this model. It should be noted that the predictions of models agree well with the experimental data of both monolithic and laminated materials without using any fitting parameters. The effect of particle/crack interaction is found to have a significant weakening effect on the strength of materials at different temperatures.
Dynamic response and damage evolution of red sandstone with confining pressure under cyclic impact loading
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Guo Lian Jun , Xu Zhenyang , Liu Xin , Xu Jinglong , Pan Bo , Deng Ding
Published: December 2022

Abundant mesoscale damage occurs prior to rock destruction, and the change in porosity can reflect the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the rock. In this study, red sandstone specimens were dynamically loaded by a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with confining pressure. The change in porosity was reflected by the new index of porosity variation rate (Rv), and the relationships between the cyclic impact and the dynamic characteristics and porosity variation were analyzed. The average filtering algorithm was emphasized to remove the noise of grayscale NMR images. It was concluded that the number of impacts before crushing gradually decreases with increasing air pressure for the overall trend, there is no obvious rebound, and the energy dissipation increases before the crushing of the specimens. There is an abrupt difference in the dynamic characteristics between the third impact and the fourth impact. The pore space changes from medium and large pores to micropores with impact loading. The peak of the microporous porosity difference curve shifts to smaller micropores. The new index can describe pore closure and expansion. The image processing method used in this work obtained accurate statistical information that confirms the presence of a large number of microcracks before crushing.