bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Field Control of Onion Maggot (Delia antiqua) and Compatibility with Seed Treatments
Authors: Filgueiras Camila C. , Shields Elson J. , Nault Brian A. , Willett Denis S.
Published: July 2023

Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) is a prominent pest of allium crops in temperate zones worldwide. Management of this pest relies on prophylactic insecticide applications at planting that target the first generation. Because effective options are limited, growers are interested in novel tactics such as deployment of entomopathogenic nematodes. We surveyed muck soils where onions are typically grown to determine if entomopathogenic nematode species were present, and then evaluated the compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode species with the insecticides commonly used to manage D. antiqua. We also evaluated the efficacy of these entomopathogenic nematodes for reducing D. antiqua infestations in the field. No endemic entomopathogenic nematodes were detected in surveys of muck fields in New York. Compatibility assays indicated that, although insecticides such as spinosad and, to some extent, cyromazine did cause mortality of entomopathogenic nematodes, these insecticides did not affect infectivity of the entomopathogenic nematodes. Field trials indicated that applications of entomopathogenic nematodes can reduce the percentage of onion plants killed by D. antiqua from 6% to 30%. Entomopathogenic nematodes reduced D. antiqua damage and increased end of season yield over two field seasons. Applications of entomopathogenic nematodes may be a viable option for reducing D. antiqua populations in conventional and organic systems. Together with other management tactics, like insecticide seed treatments, applications of entomopathogenic nematodes can provide a yield boost and a commercially acceptable level of D. antiqua control.
Clinical Outcomes of Total En Bloc Spondylectomy for Previously Irradiated Spinal Metastases: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Comparative Study
Authors: Yokogawa Noriaki , Kato Satoshi , Shimizu Takaki , Kurokawa Yuki , Kobayashi Motoya , Yamada Yohei , Nagatani Satoshi , Kawai Masafumi , Uto Takaaki , Murakami Hideki , Kawahara Norio , Demura Satoru
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) for spinal metastases previously treated with radiotherapy (RT). This study enrolled 142 patients who were divided into two groups: those with and those without an RT history. Forty-two patients were selected from each group through propensity score matching, and postoperative complications, local recurrence, and overall survival rates were compared. The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the group with an RT history than in the group without an RT history (57.1% vs. 35.7%, respectively). The group with an RT history had a higher local recurrence rate than the group without an RT history (1-year rate: 17.5% vs. 0%; 2-year rate: 20.8% vs. 2.9%; 5-year rate: 24.4% vs. 6.9%). The overall postoperative survival tended to be lower in the group with an RT history; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (2-year survival: 64.3% vs. 66.7%; 5-year survival: 47.3% vs. 57.1%). When planning a TES for irradiated spinal metastases, the risk of postoperative complications and local recurrence should be fully considered.
Selected Parameters of Bone Turnover in Neuroendocrine Tumors—A Potential Clinical Use?
Authors: Strzelczyk Janusz , Wójcik-Giertuga Monika , Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Seńkowska Alicja Prawdzic , Biernacki Krzysztof , Kos-Kudła Beata
Published: July 2023

Background: Currently, there are no effective markers to diagnose and monitor patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to assess bone metabolism based on selected markers of bone turnover: OST, OPG, and IGFBP-3, in both the group of patients with NETs and the control group. Associations with selected sociodemographic, biochemical, and clinicopathological characteristics were examined. We also evaluated any potential associations between these markers and selected biochemical markers of NETs commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: The study group included 60 patients with GEP-NETs and BP-NETs, while the control group comprised 62 healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of OST, OPG and IGFBP-3 were assessed using ELISA. Results: OST and OPG levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. In the study group, we observed a significant correlation between OPG and the clinical stage and chromogranin A. Additionally, an association was found between OPG and histological grade, Ki-67, and metastasis in GEP-NET cases. Conclusions: Markers of bone turnover cannot be used in the routine diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors. Nonetheless, these markers may help evaluate the skeletal system in patients with NETs. Further research is needed to determine the utility of osteocalcin (OST) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as potential biomarkers for neuroendocrine tumors.
Properties of Dual-Crosslinked Collagen-Based Membranes as Corneal Repair Material
Authors: Wang Lulu , Peng Yuehai , Liu Wenfang , Ren Li
Published: July 2023

Corneal disease has become the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Corneal transplantation is currently considered to be one of the common treatments for vision loss. This paper presents a novel approach utilizing dual-crosslinked membranes composed of polyrotaxane multiple aldehydes (PRAs), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the development process. Collagen was crosslinked, respectively, by EDC/NHS and PRAs to form stable amide bonds and imine groups. Through the formation of a double interpenetrating network, dual-crosslinked (Col-EDC-PRA) membranes exhibited enhanced resistance to collagenase degradation and superior mechanical properties compared to membranes crosslinked with a single crosslinker. Furthermore, Col-EDC-PRA membranes display favorable light transmittance and water content characteristics. Cell experiments showed that Col-EDC-PRA membranes were noncytotoxic and were not significantly different from other membranes. In a rabbit keratoplasty model, corneal stromal repair occurred at 5 months, evidenced by the presence of stromal cells and neo-stroma, as depicted in hematoxylin–eosin-stained histologic sections and optical coherence tomography images of the anterior segment. Moreover, there was no inflammation and corneal neovascularization, as well as no corneal rejection reaction in the surgical area. Overall, the results demonstrated that the dual-crosslinked membranes served effectively for corneal tissue regeneration after corneal defect.
Low-Cost Real-Time Locating System Solution Development and Implementation in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Volpi Andrea , Montanari Roberto , Tebaldi Letizia , Mambrioni Marco
Published: July 2023

The present work originates from a previous study in which a low-cost Real-Time Locating System (RTLS) based on Ultra-Wideband signals was developed and tested both in a laboratory and in a real industrial environment for assessing its performance and determining the best configuration, according to some selected KPIs. Starting from the future research directions depicted, the evolution herein presented is twofold. First, tests performed in the laboratory are refined and deepened in terms of (i) different anchors’ arrangements and orientation; (ii) the increased number of tested tags; and (iii) the tags’ battery capacity test. Second, the development and deployment of the industrial solution as well is improved by means of a case for hosting tags to be positioned on the asset to be tracked, realized through 3D printing, in line with the industrial context requirements. Finally, an economic analysis is performed so as to demonstrate the convenience of the investment and the feasibility of the solution. Results are positive and promising in terms of both economic sustainability and implementation of the system in a real industrial environment and may constitute guidelines for practitioners and managers.
Explaining Policyholders’ Chatbot Acceptance with an Unified Technology Acceptance and Use of Technology-Based Model
Authors: de Andrés-Sánchez Jorge , Gené-Albesa Jaume
Published: July 2023

Conversational robots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are intensively implemented in the insurance industry. This paper aims to determine the current level of acceptance among consumers regarding the use of conversational robots for interacting with insurers and seeks to identify the factors that influence individuals’ behavioral intention to engage with chatbots. To explain behavioral intention, we tested a structural equation model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. It was supposed that behavioral intention is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and trust, and by the moderating effect of insurance literacy on performance expectancy and effort expectancy. The study reveals a significant overall rejection of robotic technology among respondents. The technology acceptance model tested demonstrates a strong ability to fit the data, explaining nearly 70% of the variance in behavioral intention. Social influence emerges as the most influential variable in explaining the intention to use conversational robots. Furthermore, effort expectancy and trust significantly impact behavioral intention in a positive manner. For chatbots to gain acceptance as a technology, it is crucial to enhance their usability, establish trust, and increase social acceptance among users.
Hyperspectral Bare Soil Index (HBSI): Mapping Soil Using an Ensemble of Spectral Indices in Machine Learning Environment
Authors: Salas Eric Ariel L. , Kumaran Sakthi Subburayalu
Published: July 2023

Spectral remote-sensing indices based on visible, NIR, and SWIR wavelengths are useful in predicting spatial patterns of bare soil. However, identifying an effective combination of informative wavelengths or spectral indices for mapping bare soil in a complex urban/agricultural region is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a new bare-soil index, the Hyperspectral Bare Soil Index (HBSI), to improve the accuracy of bare-soil remote-sensing mapping. We tested the HBSI using the high-spectral-resolution AVIRIS-NG and Sentinel-2 multispectral images. We applied an ensemble modeling approach, consisting of random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), to classify bare soil. We found that the HBSI outperformed other existing bare-soil indices with over 91% accuracy for Sentinel-2 and AVIRIS-NG. Furthermore, the combination of the HBSI and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed a better performance in bare-soil classification, with >92% accuracy for Sentinel-2 and >97% accuracy for AVIRIS-NG images. Also, the RF-SVM ensemble surpassed the performance of the individual models. The novelty of HBSI is due to its development, since it utilizes the blue band in addition to the NIR and SWIR2 bands from the high-spectral-resolution data from AVIRIS-NG to improve the accuracy of bare-soil mapping.
Preservation of Abandoned Historic Centres—The Case of Poggioreale antica (Sicily)
Authors: Carocci Caterina F. , Cannizzaro Francesco , Cocina Salvatore , Di Martino Alessia , Finocchiaro Renata , Impollonia Nicola , Macca Valentina , Terrana Antonino , Tocci Cesare
Published: July 2023

Among the fourteen towns most damaged by the earthquake that struck western Sicily in 1968, Poggioreale was subjected to total relocation a few kilometres away, and to the transfer of its whole population. More than half a century later, the damaged settlement is still largely recognisable and has been experiencing a new season of interest for some years now, both from the local community and various kinds of outsiders who imagine economic spin-offs of an uncertain nature in its enhancement. The research we present questions the chance of survival for the settlement, forgotten for decades, in the context of interventions aimed at its reuse. Alternative strategies are discussed: on the one hand, that of bringing the ancient centre back to life, even in part, with a limited inclusion of collective functions and without claiming to inhabit it again; on the other hand, and in the authors’ opinion, more likely, that of reusing the ruins as an archaeological area preserving their memory in a different form. In either case, the kinds of operations to be carried out on the body of the ancient buildings for their physical preservation play a key role. These issues are addressed as a whole through the canonical procedure of correlating the phases of knowledge, interpretation, and definition of minimal and compatible intervention criteria.
Beyond Teaching Languages for Communication—Humanistic Perspectives and Practices
Authors: Byram Michael , Porto Melina , Yulita Leticia
Published: July 2023

Our purpose is to trace and explain theoretical and practical developments in foreign/world language teaching over the last decade or more. Language teaching in its modern form, from the Reform Movement of the late 19th century, has focused upon the need for learners to learn or acquire a foreign language in order to use it for communication. Other purposes involve language learning as an intellectual exercise, the development of a language faculty, and opening (young) people’s eyes to new worlds by introducing them to other countries. Here, we argue that these purposes are reasonable and enriching, but only if they are combined. We suggest that, by taking a humanistic perspective, language teaching can go beyond communication as a dominant purpose. This humanistic perspective is realised through two complementary developments. One is to emphasise that learners are members of various communities, including their local community, their national community, and a world community. The second is to pay attention to the fact that learners bring to the classroom their concerns and fears, especially in times of crisis. Language teachers, who are not only instructors in skills but educators of the whole person, should respond to their learners’ needs both as denizens of their society and as unique individuals. We first explain the theoretical framework and how it has evolved and then describe two experimental projects, one which focuses on the societal needs and one which adds to this a response to the affective needs of learners. We finally discuss how a recent controversy might be addressed in the language teaching class.
Energy-Reduced Fabrication of Light-Frame Ceramic Honeycombs by Replication of Additive Manufactured Templates
Authors: Köllner David , Niedermeyer Sebastian , Vermes Miklos , Simon Swantje , Kakimoto Ken-ichi , Fey Tobias
Published: July 2023

Ceramic components require very high energy consumption due to synthesis, shaping, and thermal treatment. However, this study suggests that combining the sol–gel process, replica technology, and stereolithography has the potential to produce highly complex geometries with energy savings in each process step. We fabricated light-frame honeycombs of Al2O3, Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT), and BaTiO3 (BT) using 3D-printed templates with varying structural angles between −30° and 30° and investigated their mechanical and piezoelectric properties. The Al2O3 honeycombs showed a maximum strength of approximately 6 MPa, while the BCZT and BaTiO3 honeycombs achieved a d33 above 180 pC/N. Additionally, the BCZT powder was prepared via a sol–gel process, and the impact of the calcination temperature on phase purity was analyzed. The results suggest that there is a large energy-saving potential for the synthesis of BCZT powder. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the fabrication of complex ceramic structures with improved energy efficiency and enhancement of performance.
Assessment of Additive Manufactured IN 625’s Tensile Strength Based on Nonstandard Specimens
Authors: Paraschiv Alexandru , Matache Gheorghe , Condruz Mihaela Raluca , Dobromirescu Cristian
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the tensile strength of additively manufactured (AMed) IN 625 using sub-sized test pieces and compare them to standard specimens. Cylindrical round coupons of varying diameters were manufactured along the Z-axis using the laser powder bed fusion technique and subjected to heat treatment. The simulation of the alloy solidification predicted the formation of several intermetallics and carbides under equilibrium conditions (slow cooling), apart from the γ phase (FCC). Sub-sized tensile specimens with different gauge diameters were machined from the coupons and tensile tested at ambient temperature. The results showed that sub-sized specimens exhibited lower tensile and yield strengths compared to standard specimens, but still higher than the minimum requirements of the relevant ASTM standard for AMed IN 625. The lower strength was attributed to the “size effect” of the test specimens. Fracture surfaces of the sub-sized test specimens exhibit a mixed character, combining cleavage and microvoid coalescence, with improved ductility compared to standard test pieces. The study highlights the importance of adapting characterization methods to the particularities of manufactured parts, including reduced thicknesses that make sampling standard-size specimens impractical. It concludes that sub-sized specimens are valuable for quality control and verifying compliance with requirements of AMed IN 625 tensile properties.
Greenhouse Micro-Climate Prediction Based on Fixed Sensor Placements: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ajani Oladayo S. , Usigbe Member Joy , Aboyeji Esther , Uyeh Daniel Dooyum , Ha Yushin , Park Tusan , Mallipeddi Rammohan
Published: July 2023

Accurate measurement of micro-climates that include temperature and relative humidity is the bedrock of the control and management of plant life in protected cultivation systems. Hence, the use of a large number of sensors distributed within the greenhouse or mobile sensors that can be moved from one location to another has been proposed, which are both capital and labor-intensive. On the contrary, accurate measurement of micro-climates can be achieved through the identification of the optimal number of sensors and their optimal locations, whose measurements are representative of the micro-climate in the entire greenhouse. However, given the number of sensors, their optimal locations are proven to vary from time to time as the outdoor weather conditions change. Therefore, regularly shifting the sensors to their optimal locations with the change in outdoor conditions is cost-intensive and may not be appropriate. In this paper, a framework based on the dense neural network (DNN) is proposed to predict the measurements (temperature and humidity) corresponding to the optimal sensor locations, which vary relative to the outdoor weather, using the measurements from sensors whose locations are fixed. The employed framework demonstrates a very high correlation between the true and predicted values with an average coefficient value of 0.91 and 0.85 for both temperature and humidity, respectively. In other words, through a combination of the optimal number of fixed sensors and DNN architecture that performs multi-channel regression, we estimate the micro-climate of the greenhouse.
Asymptotic Expansions for Moench’s Integral Transform of Hydrology
Authors: López José L. , Pagola Pedro , Pérez Sinusía Ester Pérez
Published: July 2023

Theis’ theory (1935), later improved by Hantush & Jacob (1955) and Moench (1971), is a technique designed to study the water level in aquifers. The key formula in this theory is a certain integral transform H[g](r,t) of the pumping function g that depends on the time t and the relative position r to the pumping point as well as on other physical parameters. Several analytic approximations of H[g](r,t) have been investigated in the literature that are valid and accurate in certain regions of r, t and the mentioned physical parameters. In this paper, the analysis of possible analytic approximations of H[g](r,t) is completed by investigating asymptotic expansions of H[g](r,t) in a region of the parameters that is of interest in practical situations, but that has not yet been investigated. Explicit and/or recursive algorithms for the computation of the coefficients of the expansions and estimates for the remainders are provided. Some numerical examples based on an actual physical experiment conducted by Layne-Western Company in 1953 illustrate the accuracy of the approximations.
Recent Advances in Generative Adversarial Networks for Gene Expression Data: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lee Minhyeok
Published: July 2023

The evolving field of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly generative deep learning, is revolutionizing a host of scientific and technological sectors. One of the pivotal innovations within this domain is the emergence of generative adversarial networks (GANs). These unique models have shown remarkable capabilities in crafting synthetic data, closely emulating real-world distributions. Notably, their application to gene expression data systems is a fascinating and rapidly growing focus area. Restrictions related to ethical and logistical issues often limit the size, diversity, and data-gathering speed of gene expression data. Herein lies the potential of GANs, as they are capable of producing synthetic gene expression data, offering a potential solution to these limitations. This review provides a thorough analysis of the most recent advancements at this innovative crossroads of GANs and gene expression data, specifically during the period from 2019 to 2023. In the context of the fast-paced progress in deep learning technologies, accurate and inclusive reviews of current practices are critical to guiding subsequent research efforts, sharing knowledge, and catalyzing continual growth in the discipline. This review, through highlighting recent studies and seminal works, serves as a key resource for academics and professionals alike, aiding their journey through the compelling confluence of GANs and gene expression data systems.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Improved Ageing-Associated Cognitive Decline by Regulating Glial Polarization
Authors: Xia Juan , Yang Longen , Huang Chengyi , Deng Shuyi , Yang Zhiyou , Zhang Yongping , Zhang Cai , Song Cai
Published: July 2023

Neuroinflammation induced by microglial and astrocyte polarizations may contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but conflicting results were reported after different n-3 PUFA treatments. This study examined both the change in glial polarizations in ageing rats and the differential effects of two omega-3 PUFAs. The results showed that both PUFAs improved spatial memory in ageing rats, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The imbalance between microglial M1/M2 polarizations, such as up-regulating ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and down-regulating CD206 and arginase-1 (ARG-1) was reversed in the hippocampus by both n-3 PUFAs, while the DHA effect on CD206 was stronger. Astrocyte A1 polarization presented increasing S100B and C3 but decreasing A2 parameter S100A10 in the ageing brain, which were restored by both PUFAs, while DHA was more effective on S100A10 than EPA. Consistent with microglial M1 activation, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased, which were attenuated by DHA, while EPA only suppressed IL-6. In correlation with astrocyte changes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor was increased in ageing rats, which was more powerfully down-regulated by DHA than EPA. In summary, enhanced microglial M1 and astrocytic A1 polarizations may contribute to increased brain pro-inflammatory cytokines, while DHA was more powerful than EPA to alleviate ageing-associated neuroimmunological changes, thereby better-improving memory impairment.
Fabrication of Poly (Trans-3-(3-Pyridyl)Acrylic Acid)/Multi—Walled Carbon Nanotubes Membrane for Electrochemically Simultaneously Detecting Catechol and Hydroquinone
Authors: Luo Fabao , Fan Shasha , Sha Maolin , Cheng Deshun , Zhang Na , Jiang Chenxiao , Zhang Keying , Fang Weiguang , Ji Kunyu
Published: July 2023

Herein, conductive polymer membrane with excellent performance was successfully fabricated by integrating carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly (trans-3-(3-pyridyl) acrylic acid) (PPAA) film. The drop-casting method was employed to coated MWCNTs on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, and PPAA was then electropolymerized onto the surface of the MWCNTs/GCE in order to form PPAA-MWCNTs membrane. This enables the verification of the excellent performances of proposed membrane by electrochemically determining catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) as the model. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that the proposed membrane exhibited an obvious electrocatalytic effect on CC and HQ, owing to the synergistic effect of PPAA and MWCNTs. Differential pulse voltammetry was adopted for simultaneous detection purposes, and an increased electrochemical responded to CC and HQ. A concentration increase was found in the range of 1.0 × 10−6 mol/L~1.0 × 10−4 mol/L, and it exhibited a good linear relationship with satisfactory detection limits of 3.17 × 10−7 mol/L for CC and 2.03 × 10−7 mol/L for HQ (S/N = 3). Additionally, this constructed membrane showed good reproducibility and stability. The final electrode was successfully applied to analyze CC and HQ in actual water samples, and it obtained robust recovery for CC with 95.2% and 98.5%, and for HQ with 97.0% and 97.3%. Overall, the constructed membrane can potentially be a good candidate for constructing electrochemical sensors in environmental analysis.
Synthesizing Nanoporous Stainless Steel Films via Vacuum Thermal Dealloying
Authors: Liu Xiaotao , Zhang Xiaomeng , Kosmidou Maria , Detisch Michael , Balk Thomas
Published: July 2023

Vacuum thermal dealloying is a recently developed technique and was newly introduced to produce nanoporous metals, due to its intriguing advantages, i.e., preventing oxidation and producing no chemical waste, etc. Here, we report on the fabrication of nanoporous stainless steel films by vacuum thermal dealloying of sputtered stainless steel–magnesium precursor films. It was found that crack-free nanoporous stainless steel films can be successfully attained under a broad temperature range of 450–600 °C, with a dealloying time of 0.5–2 h. The resulting structure and ligaments were temperature- and time-dependent, and moreover, the condition of “600 °C + 2 h” generated the most homogeneous structure. Moreover, small amounts of residual Mg were found at pore sites in the resultant structures, suggesting that the dealloying was not fully complete.
Evaluate of Wheat Gluten as a Protein Alternative for Fish Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate in Red Spotted Grouper Epinephelus akaara
Authors: Cheng Yanbo , Wang Yongchao , Dong Zhiyong , Storebakken Trond , Xu Guohuan , Shi Bo , Zhang Yuexing
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheat gluten as a substitute for fish meal (FM) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) in the low-fishmeal-based extruded diet in red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. Eight isonitrogenous (441–456 g kg−1) and isocaloric (21.5–22.0 MJ kg−1) diets were produced, including the control diet (R0), three diets with 33.3, 66.7, and 100% FM being replaced by a mixture of wheat gluten, wheat, and taurine (GWT) (RF1, RF2, RF3), three diets with 33.3, 66.7, and 100% SPC replaced by GWT (RS2, RS2, RS3) and one diet with 50% FM and 50% SPC replaced by GWT (RFS). Results showed that feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), protein retention efficiency, and liver superoxide dismutase activity increased linearly, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary FM. Additionally, FI, WG, and FCR significantly increased with decreasing dietary SPC. Overall, 100% FM or 61.2% SPC can be safely replaced by wheat gluten in the red-spotted grouper diet containing 20.0% FM and 21.4% SPC.
Targeted Metabolomics in High Performance Sports: Differences between the Resting Metabolic Profile of Endurance- and Strength-Trained Athletes in Comparison with Sedentary Subjects over the Course of a Training Year
Authors: Parstorfer Mario , Poschet Gernot , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Brüning Kirsten , Friedmann-Bette Birgit
Published: July 2023

Little is known about the metabolic differences between endurance and strength athletes in comparison with sedentary subjects under controlled conditions and about variation of the metabolome throughout one year. We hypothesized that (1) the resting metabolic profile differs between sedentary subjects and athletes and between perennially endurance- and strength-trained athletes and (2) varies throughout one year of training. We performed quantitative, targeted metabolomics (Biocrates MxP® Quant 500, Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria) in plasma samples at rest in three groups of male adults, 12 strength-trained (weightlifters, 20 ± 3 years), 10 endurance-trained athletes (runners, 24 ± 3 years), and 12 sedentary subjects (25 ± 4 years) at the end of three training phases (regeneration, preparation, and competition) within one training year. Performance and anthropometric data showed significant (p < 0.05) differences between the groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed different resting metabolic profiles between the groups with acetylcarnitines, di- and triacylglycerols, and glycerophospho- and sphingolipids, as well as several amino acids as the most robust metabolites. Furthermore, we observed changes in free carnitine and 3-methylhistidine in strength-trained athletes throughout the training year. Regular endurance or strength training induces changes in the concentration of several metabolites associated with adaptations of the mitochondrial energy and glycolytic metabolism with concomitant changes in amino acid metabolism and cell signaling.
The Virulence Factor Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (Mip) Influences Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Nikolka Fabian , Karagöz Mustafa Safa , Nassef Mohamed Zakaria , Hiller Karsten , Steinert Michael , Cordes Thekla
Published: July 2023

Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is a common etiological agent of bacterial pneumonia that causes Legionnaires’ disease (LD). The bacterial membrane-associated virulence factor macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) exhibits peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity and contributes to the intra- and extracellular pathogenicity of Lp. Though Mip influences disease outcome, little is known about the metabolic consequences of altered Mip activity during infections. Here, we established a metabolic workflow and applied mass spectrometry approaches to decipher how Mip activity influences metabolism and pathogenicity. Impaired Mip activity in genetically engineered Lp strains decreases intracellular replication in cellular infection assays, confirming the contribution of Mip for Lp pathogenicity. We observed that genetic and chemical alteration of Mip using the PPIase inhibitors rapamycin and FK506 induces metabolic reprogramming in Lp, specifically branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Rapamycin also inhibits PPIase activity of mammalian FK506 binding proteins, and we observed that rapamycin induces a distinct metabolic signature in human macrophages compared to bacteria, suggesting potential involvement of Mip in normal bacteria and in infection. Our metabolic studies link Mip to alterations in BCAA metabolism and may help to decipher novel disease mechanisms associated with LD.
Effects of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Immune Response of the Shrimp Penaeus vannamei and on the Reduction in Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Cultures of Post-Larvae
Authors: Corrales Barrios Yulaine , Roncarati Alessandra , Martín Ríos Leonardo Davier , Rodríguez González Maikelis , González Salotén Marbelys , López Zaldívar Yeidel , Arenal Amilcar
Published: July 2023

Penaeus spp. are the most cultivated type of shrimp because they have rapid growth and good adaptation to farming conditions. Due to diseases that result in high mortality and a decreased product quality, the cultivation of these shrimp globally, and in Cuba in particular, comes with the risk of significant financial losses. This study examined the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS, 1-kestose) on the growth and immune response of shrimp, as well as the multitude of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in Penaeus vannamei post-larvae under culture conditions. Fructooligosaccharide was applied in a completely randomized manner at a concentration of 0.4%, in both experimental groups with seventeen tanks each. In the results of this investigation, animals of greater weight (control 6.8 ± 0.2 mg; FOS 9.5 ± 0.3 mg; p < 0.001), length (control 1.1 ± 0.1 mm; FOS 1.3 ± 0.1 mm; p < 0.001), and survival (control 61.7% (95% CI of median 54.2–70.0); FOS 76.6% (95% CI of median 72.1–84.2); p < 0.001) were obtained when administered FOS relative to the control. An increase in the activity of proteases (p < 0.001), enzymes of the innate immune system such as phenoloxidase (p < 0.001), and lysozymes (p < 0.001) was observed, as well as an increase in the number of lectins (p < 0.001). Changes in the microbiota could be observed, with a reduction in Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (control 2.4 × 103 ± 0.5 × 103; FOS 1.1 × 102 ± 0.3 × 102; p < 0.001). FOS improves the quality of the post-larvae of P. vannamei as reflected in the length, weight, and survival of the animals. Moreover, FOS stimulates the P. vannamei immune system through the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and a number of lectins. The reduction in the population load of Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. might be a consequence of the improvement in the quality and immune system of P. vannamei.
In Vivo Functional Properties of Dairy Bacteria
Authors: Aprea Giuseppe , Del Matto Ilaria , Tucci Patrizia , Marino Lucio , Scattolini Silvia , Rossi Franca
Published: July 2023

This literature review aimed to collect investigations on the in vivo evidence for bacteria associated with fermented dairy foods to behave as probiotics with beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. All main bacterial groups commonly present in high numbers in fermented milks or cheeses were taken into account, namely starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and lactis, L. helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, non-starter LAB (NSLAB) Lacticaseibacillus spp., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, dairy propionibacteria, and other less frequently encountered species. Only studies regarding strains of proven dairy origin were considered. Studies in animal models and clinical studies showed that dairy bacteria ameliorate symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mucositis, metabolic syndrome, aging and oxidative stress, cancer, bone diseases, atopic dermatitis, allergies, infections and damage caused by pollutants, mild stress, and depression. Immunomodulation and changes in the intestinal microbiota were the mechanisms most often involved in the observed effects. The results of the studies considered indicated that milk and dairy products are a rich source of beneficial bacteria that should be further exploited to the advantage of human and animal health.
Phenolic Compounds in Salicornia spp. and Their Potential Therapeutic Effects on H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV: A Review
Authors: Fredsgaard Malthe , Kaniki Samba Evelyne Kabemba , Antonopoulou Io , Chaturvedi Tanmay , Thomsen Mette Hedegaard
Published: July 2023

Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to biological hazards and the importance of mitigation actions. The saltwater-tolerant plants in the Salicornia genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the Salicornia genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities. Their potential pharmacological usefulness as therapeutic medicine against viral infections has been suggested in many studies, where recent studies suggest these phenolic compounds may have pharmacological potential as therapeutic medicine against viral infections. This study reviews the antiviral effects, the mechanisms of action, and the potential as antiviral agents of the aforementioned phenolic compounds found in Salicornia spp. against an influenza A strain (H1N1), hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), as no other literature has described these effects from the Salicornia genus at the time of publication. This review has the potential to have a significant societal impact by proposing the development of new antiviral nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals derived from phenolic-rich formulations found in the edible Salicornia spp. These formulations could be utilized as a novel strategy by which to combat viral pandemics caused by H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV-1. The findings of this review indicate that isoquercitrin, myricetin, and myricitrin from Salicornia spp. have the potential to exhibit high efficiency in inhibiting viral infections. Myricetin exhibits inhibition of H1N1 plaque formation and reverse transcriptase, as well as integrase integration and cleavage. Isoquercitrin shows excellent neuraminidase inhibition. Myricitrin inhibits HIV-1 in infected cells. Extracts of biomass in the Salicornia genus could contribute to the development of more effective and efficient measures against viral infections and, ultimately, improve public health.
Valence and Core Photoelectron Spectra of Aqueous I3− from Multi-Reference Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Kochetov Vladislav , Ahsan Md Sabbir , Hein Dennis , Wilkinson Iain , Bokarev Sergey I.
Published: July 2023

The I3− molecule is known to undergo substantial structural reorganization upon solvation by a protic solvent, e.g., water. However, the details of this process are still controversially discussed in the literature. In the present study, we combined experimental and theoretical efforts to disentangle this controversy. The valence (5p), N4,5 (4d), and M4,5 (3d) edge photoelectron spectra were measured in an aqueous solution and computed using high-level multi-reference methods. Our previous publication mainly focused on obtaining reliable experimental evidence, whereas in the present article, we focused primarily on theoretical aspects. The complex electronic structure of I3− requires the inclusion of both static and dynamic correlation, e.g., via the multi-configurational perturbation theory treatment. However, the resulting photoelectron spectra appear to be very sensitive to problems with variational stability and intruder states. We attempted to obtain artifact-free spectra, allowing for a more reliable interpretation of experiments. Finally, we concluded that the 3d Photoelectron Spectrum (PES) is particularly informative, evidencing an almost linear structure with a smaller degree of bond asymmetry than previously reported.
From Dietary Cholesterol to Blood Cholesterol
Authors: Stellaard Frans
Published: July 2023

The Nutrients’ Special Issue “From dietary cholesterol to blood cholesterol” aims to supply existing knowledge and novel new research data about human cholesterol (C) fluxes [...]
Children in the Anthroposophical Education System Have Lower Rates of Obesity, and Higher Rates of Health Promoting Behaviors
Authors: Blaychfeld Magnazi Moran , Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Itzhaky Yafit , Endevelt Ronit , Fliss Isakov Naomi
Published: July 2023

Background: The anthroposophical philosophy is a holistic educational and lifestyle approach. Limited information exists on the health-promoting behavioral norms and obesity rates among children living anthroposophical vs. conventional lifestyles. Aims: This study aims to compare the prevalence of childhood obesity, and parents’ perceptions of their children’s food environment, between anthroposophical and conventional education systems. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the National Anthropometric Measurement Survey for first grade students in Israel, comparing anthroposophical schools with matched conventional schools. Additionally, an online survey was distributed among parents of children in both school systems, assessing children’s eating norms and dietary intake. Results: Overweight and obesity rates were higher among students in conventional schools (n = 205,500) compared to anthroposophical schools (n = 2247) (11.2% vs. 9.6%, and 7.8% vs. 4.8%, respectively; Pv < 0.001). Anthroposophical schools were perceived by more parents to have health-promoting curricula, health promoting teacher behavior, and health promoting social dietary norms, while their children’s dietary intake was perceived as healthier both in school and in the after-school, social, and familial environment (Pv < 0.001). Conclusions: Children in anthroposophical education exhibited lower overweight and obesity rates, and engaged in more health-promoting behaviors. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between the anthroposophical lifestyle and childhood obesity, and to identify effective anthroposophical strategies for health promotion among children.
Natural Flavonoids Quercetin and Kaempferol Targeting G2/M Cell Cycle-Related Genes and Synergize with Smac Mimetic LCL-161 to Induce Necroptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Lomphithak Thanpisit , Jaikla Patthorn , Sae-Fung Apiwit , Sonkaew Sasiprapa , Jitkaew Siriporn
Published: July 2023

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer associated with a very poor prognosis and low survival rates, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and low response rates to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic strategies that can improve patient outcomes. Flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol, are naturally occurring compounds that have attracted significant attention for their potential in cancer therapy by targeting multiple genes. In this study, we employed network pharmacology and bioinformatic analysis to identify potential targets of quercetin and kaempferol. The results revealed that the target genes of these flavonoids were enriched in G2/M-related genes, and higher expression of G2/M signature genes was significantly associated with shorter survival in CCA patients. Furthermore, in vitro experiments using CCA cells demonstrated that quercetin or kaempferol induced cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Additionally, when combined with a Smac mimetic LCL-161, an IAP antagonist, quercetin or kaempferol synergistically induced RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis in CCA cells while sparing non-tumor cholangiocyte cells. These findings shed light on an innovative therapeutic combination of flavonoids, particularly quercetin and kaempferol, with Smac mimetics, suggesting great promise as a necroptosis-based approach for treating CCA and potentially other types of cancer.
Nutrient Intake from Voluntary Fortified Foods and Dietary Supplements in Japanese Consumers: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey
Authors: Nishijima Chiharu , Sato Yoko , Chiba Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2023

Consuming voluntary fortified foods (vFFs) and dietary supplements (DSs) is one method for addressing micronutrient inadequacy, but their efficacy is unclear. This study explored the use of vFFs and DSs, and the role of package labels. We conducted a nationwide online survey of 4933 Japanese adults in 2020. The use of vFFs and DSs was 23.3%. The reported vFFs were cereal products (n = 370), milk products/milk substitutes (n = 229), and one-shot drinks (n = 144). Vitamins, calcium, and iron were the main micronutrients added to the vFFs. Most users consumed vitamins C and B from vFFs and/or DSs, and females also consumed iron. The median intake of vitamins B6 and C, selenium, and zinc (plus vitamin B2 and copper in females) exceeded 50% of the respective estimated average requirement values. Approximately 60–70% of the users referred to nutrition labels. However, only a small percent of the respondents clearly understood the nutrient content. To address insufficient nutrient intake, the use of vFFs and DSs may be a good alternative; however, consumer education on the use of vFFs/DSs and package labels needs to be implemented before encouraging their use.
Understanding the Roles of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (VLC-PUFAs) in Eye Health
Authors: Nwagbo Uzoamaka , Bernstein Paul S.
Published: July 2023

Lipids serve many roles in the neural system, from synaptic stabilization and signaling to DNA regulation and neuroprotection. They also regulate inflammatory responses, maintain cellular membrane structure, and regulate the homeostatic balance of ions and signaling molecules. An imbalance of lipid subgroups is implicated in the progression of many retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy, and diet can play a key role in influencing these diseases’ onset, progression, and severity. A special class of lipids termed very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) is found exclusively in mammalian vertebrate retinas and a few other tissues. They comprise <2% of fatty acids in the retina and are depleted in the retinas of patients with diseases like diabetic retinopathy and AMD. However, the implications of the reduction in VLC-PUFA levels are poorly understood. Dietary supplementation studies and ELOVL4 transgene studies have had positive outcomes. However, much remains to be understood about their role in retinal health and the potential for targeted therapies against retinal disease.
Bacterial Co- or Superinfection in Patients Treated in Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19- and Influenza-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Schoettler Jochen Johannes , Sandrio Stany , Boesing Christoph , Bauer Lena , Miethke Thomas , Thiel Manfred , Krebs Joerg
Published: July 2023

Viral pneumonia is frequently complicated by bacterial co- or superinfection (c/s) with adverse effects on patients’ outcomes. However, the incidence of c/s and its impact on the outcomes of patients might be dependent on the type of viral pneumonia. We performed a retrospective observational study in patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (CP) or influenza pneumonia (IP) from 01/2009 to 04/2022, investigating the incidence of c/s using a competing risk model and its impact on mortality in these patients in a tertiary referral center using multivariate logistic regressions. Co-infection was defined as pulmonary pathogenic bacteria confirmed in tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage within 48 h after hospitalization. Superinfection was defined as pulmonary pathogenic bacteria detected in tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage 48 h after hospitalization. We examined 114 patients with CP and 76 patients with IP. Pulmonary bacterial co-infection was detected in 15 (13.2%), and superinfection was detected in 50 (43.9%) of CP patients. A total of 5 (6.6%) co-infections (p = 0.2269) and 28 (36.8%) superinfections (p = 0.3687) were detected in IP patients. The overall incidence of c/s did not differ between CP and IP patients, and c/s was not an independent predictor for mortality in a study cohort with a high disease severity. We found a significantly higher probability of superinfection for patients with CP compared to patients with IP (p = 0.0017).