bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors, barriers, and facilitators to refugee women’s employment and economic inclusion: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Al-Hamad Areej , Yasin Yasin M. , Metersky Kateryna
Published: July 2024

Refugee women’s employment and economic inclusion have emerged as significant areas of focus, with these women facing unique challenges due to their gender, refugee status, and sociocultural identities. Policymakers and researchers worldwide are giving this issue increased attention. This systematic review uses a mixed methods approach and includes 31 studies to explore the predictors, barriers, and facilitators of refugee women’s employment. The results reveal a pooled employment rate of 31.1% among refugee women. It identifies demographic features, language proficiency, education, and family structure as critical determinants of employment. The qualitative synthesis uncovers three key themes: the meaning and significance of employment; barriers to employment; and facilitators and coping for employment. This study underscores the multifaceted influences on refugee women’s employment. The findings can inform the creation of more targeted interventions, policies, and practices to support refugee women’s employment and economic integration.
DNA barcodes from over-a-century-old type specimens shed light on the taxonomy of a group of rare butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Calinaginae)
Authors: Todisco Valentina , Basu Dipendra Nath , Prosser Sean W. J. , Russell Stephen , Mutanen Marko , Zilli Alberto , Huertas Blanca , Kunte Krushnamegh , Vane-Wright Richard
Published: July 2024

We analyzed COI barcode sequences from 138 over-a-century old specimens of Calinaga including 36 name-bearing type specimens stored at the Natural History Museum London. These new data, combined with previously available RPS5 sequences, divide the Calinaga samples into four well-supported mitochondrial lineages that together with a novel wing-pattern analysis, support the recognition of six species (lhatso, buddha, brahma, aborica, formosana and davidis), with all other names subsumed either as subspecies or synonyms. One new taxon is described, Calinaga aborica naima Vane-Wright, ssp. n.
Validation of field-based running tests to determine maximal aerobic speed in professional rugby league
Authors: Bennett Thomas , Marshall Phil , Barrett Steve , Malone James J. , Simpson Andrew , Bray James , Christopherson Calum , Nickolay Tom , Metcalfe James , Towlson Chris
Published: July 2024

Practitioners place importance on high-speed running (HSR) to monitor training practice and match-play demands, whilst attempting to maximise fitness and minimize the risk of injury occurrence. Practitioners apply various methods to quantify HSR, such as absolute thresholds, percentage of maximum sprint speed and maximal aerobic speed (MAS). A recent survey demonstrates the 5-minute run and 1200m shuttle test (ST) to be implemented among rugby league practitioners to quantify HSR by incorporating MAS. However, it is unclear as to how valid these methods are to accurately quantify MAS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of the 5-minute run and 1200m ST when compared to a gold standard measure for MAS. Twenty 1st team professional rugby league players competing in the European Super League participated in this study. Players were required to complete an incremental treadmill test, 5-minute run and 1200m ST over a two-week period in pre-season. MAS, peak heart rate (HRmax), peak lactate (Lapeak) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) where collected upon completion of each test. Results demonstrated the 1200m ST to have a higher correlation for MAS than the 5-minute run (1200m ST: r = 0.73, 5-minute run: r = 0.64). However, when assessing validity using the level of agreement between data, the 5-minute run underreported MAS by 0.45 m·s-1 whereas the 1200m ST underreported MAS by 0.77 m·s-1. Ultimately, both field-based tests used in this study underreport MAS when compared to an incremental treadmill test, although the 5-minute run provides a closer agreement and therefore a more valid measurement for MAS than the 1200m ST.
Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony on cognitive control in healthy adults
Authors: Narmashiri Abdolvahed
Published: July 2024

The efficiency of cognitive control in healthy adults can be influenced by various factors, including the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) effect and strategy training. To address these issues, our study aims to investigate the impact of SOA on single-mode cognitive control using the Go/No-Go task, as well as the manifestation of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control through the AX-CPT task. In single-mode cognitive control, extending SOA led to significantly enhanced reaction times (RTs) during Go trials, suggesting improved task performance with increased preparation time. Moreover, the analysis revealed consistently higher accuracy rates in No-Go trials than to Go trials across all SOA levels, indicating robust inhibition processes unaffected by SOA variations. In the dual mechanisms of cognitive control, significant variations in RT and accuracy were observed among different trial types. Notably, participants exhibited superior performance in detecting targets during BY trials and shorter RTs in BX trials, indicative of efficient processing of target stimuli. Conversely, prolonged RTs in AY trials suggest proactive control strategies aimed at maintaining task-relevant information and inhibiting irrelevant responses. Overall, these findings highlight the effect of SOA on single-mode cognitive control and the emergence of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control in healthy adults.
GFR measurement in patients with CKD: Performance and feasibility of simplified iohexol plasma clearance techniques
Authors: Carrara Fabiola , Gaspari Flavio , Trillini Matias , Peracchi Tobia , Fidone Diego , Stucchi Nadia , Ferrari Silvia , Cugini Daniela , Perico Norberto , Parvanova Aneliya , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Ruggenenti Piero
Published: July 2024

Implementing shortened one-compartment iohexol plasma clearance models for GFR measurement is crucial since the gold standard inulin renal clearance technique and the reference two-compartment, 10-hour, 16-samplings iohexol plasma clearance method are clinically unfeasible. Inulin may precipitate anaphylactic shock. Four-hour and 8-hour one-compartment iohexol plasma clearance models with Bröchner-Mortensen correction provide accurate GFR measurements in patients with estimated GFR (eGFR) > or ≤40 mL/min/1.73m2, respectively. We compared the performance of the simplified 5-hour, 4-samplings, two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model (popPK) with the performance of the reference two-compartment 10-hour iohexol method in 16 patients with GFR 15.2 to 56.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. We also compared the performance of shortened (5, 6 and 7-hour) one-compartment models with the performance of the standard 8-hour one-compartment model in 101 patients with eGFR ≤40 mL/min/1.73 m2. The performance of popPK and shortened methods versus reference methods was evaluated by total deviation index (TDI), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and coverage probability (CP). TDI <10%, CCC ≥0.9 and CP >90% indicated adequate performance. TDI, CCC and CP of popPK were 11.11%, 0.809 and 54.10%, respectively. All shortened, one-compartment models overestimated the GFR (p <0.0001 for all) as compared to the 8-hour model. TDI, CCC and CP were 7.02%, 0.815, and 75.80% for the 7-hour model, 7.26%, 0.803, and 74.20% for the 6-hour model, and 8.85%, 0.729 and 64.70% for the 5-hour model. The agreement of popPK model was comparable to that obtained with the Chronic-Kidney-Disease-Collaboration-Epidemiology (CKD-Epi) and the Modification-of-Diet-in-Renal-Disease (MDRD) serum-creatinine based equations for GFR estimation. PopPK model is remarkably unreliable for GFR measurement in stage III-IV CKD patients. In patients with eGFR ≤40 mL/min/1.73m2, shortened one-compartment models, in particular the 5-hour model, are less performant than the reference 8-hour model. For accurate GFR measurements, the iohexol plasma clearance should be measured with appropriate protocols. Over-simplified procedures should be avoided.
Evolutionary insights into the emergence of virulent Leptospira spirochetes
Authors: Giraud-Gatineau Alexandre , Nieves Cecilia , Harrison Luke B. , Benaroudj Nadia , Veyrier Frédéric J. , Picardeau Mathieu
Published: July 2024

Pathogenic Leptospira are spirochete bacteria which cause leptospirosis, a re-emerging zoonotic disease of global importance. Here, we use a recently described lineage of environmental-adapted leptospires, which are evolutionarily the closest relatives of the highly virulent Leptospira species, to explore the key phenotypic traits and genetic determinants of Leptospira virulence. Through a comprehensive approach integrating phylogenomic comparisons with in vitro and in vivo phenotyping studies, we show that the evolution towards pathogenicity is associated with both a decrease of the ability to survive in the environment and the acquisition of strategies that enable successful host colonization. This includes the evasion of the mammalian complement system and the adaptations to avoid activation of the innate immune cells by the highly-virulent Leptospira species (also called P1+ species), unlike other species belonging to the phylogenetically related P1- and P2 groups, as well as saprophytes. Moreover, our analysis reveals specific genetic determinants that have undergone positive selection during the course of evolution in Leptospira, contributing directly to virulence and host adaptation as demonstrated by gain-of-function and knock-down studies. Taken together, our findings define a new vision on Leptospira pathogenicity, identifying virulence attributes associated with clinically relevant species, and provide insights into the evolution and emergence of these life-threatening pathogens.
‘It looks better than a bowl of mush’: Views on the use of food design strategies, including 3D food printing, to improve meals for people with dysphagia
Authors: Smith Rebecca , Bryant Lucy , Hemsley Bronwyn
Published: July 2024

To improve meals for people with dysphagia, we explored the views of people with dysphagia, their supporters and allied health professionals on a range of food design strategies (e.g. food shaping and food presentation techniques), including 3D food printing. From November 2021 to February 2022, an online survey of (1) adults with dysphagia (n = 30) and (2) supporters of people with dysphagia and allied health professionals (n = 22) was conducted. The survey included multiple choice, Likert scale and open-ended questions. Data was analysed descriptively. Most participants across the two groups had used at least one food design strategy for texture-modified foods and none had used 3D food printing. People with dysphagia were less likely to use food shaping techniques in preparing their texture-modified meals than other respondents. Supporters of people with dysphagia and allied health professionals were more likely than people with dysphagia to use food shaping techniques and to consider that 3D food printing could improve the visual appeal and enjoyment of texture-modified foods. A range of issues impacting the feasibility of 3D food printing were identified. The use of food design strategies for texture-modified foods may increase the food choices and mealtime enjoyment of people with dysphagia. Further research exploring how people with dysphagia and their supporters engage with 3D food printing could identify further influences on their future use of these technologies.
A demografia do Porto no início da Idade Moderna
Authors: Ferramosca Fabiano
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a demografia da cidade do Porto na década de 1520. A fonte utilizada é primordialmente “O Livro da Abertura da Rua das Flores” (de 1521-1527), que divide os habitantes em diversas categorias fiscais e por circunscrições; iremos assim quantificar os habitantes de acordo com essas categorizações, detetando disparidades de riqueza nas diferentes partes da cidade, o peso da finta para o orçamento doméstico e finalmente calcular o crescimento da população desde 1438.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: PORTO, IDADE MODERNA, DEMOGRAFIA
The extinction inventories of convents in 1834
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Maria João , Lencart Joana
Published: July 2024

In 1834, by Decree of 30 May and as part of the general ecclesiastical reform undertaken by Joaquim António de Aguiar, Minister and Secretary of State, and carried out by the Commission for the General Reform of the Clergy (1833-1837), all convents, monasteries, colleges, hospices and religious houses of all religious orders were extinguished, with the female houses remaining subject to their respective bishops until the death of the last nun, the date of their definitive closure.
The process of extinction of religious houses involved the drawing up of hundreds of inventories currently in the Torre do Tombo National Archive. This wealth of information makes it possible to carry out countless archival, history, and art history studies associated with economic and sociological studies. In this study, we intend to focus on the inventories of the Santo André de Rendufe monastery and the Convent of Christ in Tomar. The fact that both institutions have a Benedictine character (in the first case, black monks and in the second, friars of the Order of Christ) but are located in different places in the kingdom will allow us to make comparisons, propose hypotheses and draw conclusions that may help us to understand better how the above-mentioned processes of extinction of religious houses and the collection of their archives and documentary collections were conducted.
A teoria na prática
Authors: Matos Frias Joana
Published: July 2024

Num artigo datado de 1975 e intitulado “Os professores contra a parede”, Ana Cristina Cesar, com 23 anos, quis posicionar-se na controvérsia “teoria × não teoria” então em cena, defendendo que “tomar partido no debate” não signi­ficava “embarcar para o inferno ou para o paraíso, mas numa canoa furada”, e que “o libelo contra a ‘teoria’” deveria ser considerado “como uma reação a uma forma de im­por, à utili­za­ção de determinados termos e teorias em detrimento do aluno e da pró­pria lite­ra­tura”. Este ensaio parte desse depoimento da poeta, procurando reconstituir os ele­mentos do diagnóstico – isto é: indagar o que terá provocado o furo na canoa, e em que medida seria ou não legítima a contraposição insanável entre “termos e teorias”, de um lado, e “aluno” e “literatura”, do outro (ou se, em rigor, “aluno” e “literatura” não serão também “termos e teorias”).
Crofelemer Reduces Diarrhea in Humans and Dogs Being Treated for Cancer, Recent Studies Show
Authors: Okhuysen Pablo ,   The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Shrier Allison ,   Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Published: July 2024

Diarrhea is an often-overlooked side effect of cancer therapy that can significantly impact patient outcomes and quality of life. In a study of patient-reported chemotherapy side effects, diarrhea was the second most common side effect reported after fatigue.In response to a patient’s diarrhea, a treating physician may reduce a therapeutic dose or discontinue the cancer therapy altogether, potentially worsening patient outcomes. Specifically, patients with cancer and diarrhea are 40% more likely to discontinue their cancer therapy Furthermore, the cost of care for patients with cancer and diarrhea is estimated to be nearly 2.9 times higher than for patients with cancer without diarrhea.
Treatment of chronic non-specific (musculoskeletal) back pain
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Golovacheva V. A. , Isaikin A. I. , Golovacheva A. A. , Silina E. V.
Published: July 2024

Treatment of patients with chronic non-specific back pain (CNBP) is an important issue not only in medicine, but also in modern society as a whole, as it is associated with significant socio-economic burden.

The lecture presents the most common anatomical sources of CNBP, the causes of CNBP and issues of differential diagnosis. Much attention is paid to the basic principles of therapy for CNBP: drug therapy, kinesiotherapy and psychological methods. Clinical observations are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of a multimodal integrated approach to the treatment of CNBP based on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy, educational programs and kinesiotherapy and self-monitoring test tasks.
Fused Deposition Modelling Approach in Recycled Polypropylene/Aluminum Powder Composites for Sustainable Development
Authors: Rana Manveer , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Ranvijay
Published: July 2024

Polypropylene (PP) is a versatile and widely used thermoplastic polymer that has found its way into various aspects from packaging materials and consumer products to automotive components and industrial applications. However, this widespread use of polypropylene also presents a significant challenge in the disposal of polypropylene waste and its durability aspects. So, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique arises as compiling outcomes for recycling discarded PP waste to create functional products. The properties of FDM components produced from recycled polypropylene (r-PP) are notably inferior to those of virgin PP FDM counterparts. Hence, it becomes imperative to comprehend the substantial alterations that r-PP undergoes during successive extrusion processes, including chain scission, alterations in viscosity, and reductions in breaking strength. The incorporation of additives has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the performance of r-PP. In this context, the present study explores the development of a novel composite material by blending r-PP with aluminum powder. The combination of these materials leverages the sustainability benefits of r-PP and the excellent thermal and mechanical properties of aluminum, making it a promising candidate for a wide range of applications. The tensile results show a significant increase in Young’s modulus for pre-heat treated composite specimen at 214 ℃ extrusion temperature. The SEM fractrographic analysis confirms the homogenized distribution after pre-heat treatments. XRD results analyzed the degree of crystallinity in the composite specimens.
Francisco J. Ayala: Testing his Ideas on Biological Progress
Authors: Moya Andrés , Latorre Amparo
Published: July 2024

Francisco J. Ayala was one of the great scholars of progress in biological evolution. For Ayala, progress consists of a net directional change in some characteristic that improves the descendants in a given lineage relative to the ancestors. This is an axiological proposal, but not at all unscientific. The traits are objective properties that can be measured in individuals, populations, or species and, ultimately, the entire evolutionary tree. Here, we develop Ayala’s ideas about progress and propose that the trait where the trend can be contrasted is probably the complexity of genomes. We also consider the need to apply statistical tests to determine whether trends, if they exist, are passive products of evolution from the simplest to the most complex or whether, on the contrary, there is directionality or a process driven, among other things, by natural selection.
Hieronymiella peruviana (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae): a new species and a ner generic record for the flora of Peru
Authors: Huaylla Hibert , Slanis Alberto C. , Llalla-Cordova Olimpia
Published: July 2024

Hieronymiella peruviana (Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidoideae, Eustephieae), a new species from the Department of Moquegua in southern Peru, is described and illustrated. This species is distinguished by having winged staminal filaments with crisscrossed sickle-shaped appendages, grows on dry slopes in semi-arid areas with pumice soils near the Huaynaputina volcano. This is the first record of Hieronymiella for the Flora of Peru. Its conservation status is assessed.
Identification of metal tolerance proteins (MTP) and their gene expression under drought stress in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: HAJIBARAT Zahra , SAIDI Abbas
Published: July 2024

Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) are as metal efflux transporters, existing extensively at all plant sections and play significant roles in regulation of the metal levels in biological processes. In the current study, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, and StMTP domains were analyzed. Here, 12 MTP genes in S. tuberosum were detected and categorized in three major clusters namely Fe/Zn-MTP, Zn-MTP, and Mn-MTP and seven groups (1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11) according to phylogenetic relationships. Based on in silico and qPCR analysis, all of StMTPs included a cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) domains and the putative Mn-MTP harbored the ZT-dimer. An evolutionary analysis indicated that StMTP genes had undergone gene duplication leading to gene loss and gene expansion events. Analysis of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) and microRNA in promoter region and coding sequence of StMTP genes revealed the presence of 5312 putative TFBS and 13 StmiRNAs. The analysis of promoter regions of StMTP genes possess various frequencies of TFBS, illustrating various responses in different growth and developmental stages as well as under abiotic stress. Expression profile analysis revealed that the StMTP9 were up-regulated in leaves and stem, while, StMTP8 up-regulated in leaves. Both genes down-regulated in tubers, roots as well as under drought stress. These results will provide a better insight for functional characterization of StMTP genes and can be helpful to elucidate the biological structure of their genes in potato.
Screening and identification of IAA-capable and cellulose-degrading bacteria with the potential for plant growth-promoting traits
Authors: DINH Mai Van , DO Quang Trung , NGUYEN Trong Tri
Published: July 2024

Strains with both straw degradation and plant growth promotion ability were selected from the cultivated soil in Bac Kan, Vietnam to solve the problems of poor soil microbial diversity status, weak corrosion promotion effect, and poor crop growth caused by fungal rot diseases. Among seventeen bacteria isolated, strain NR1 presented the highest value for cellulase enzyme activity (Hydrolysis index = 24.8 mm), and IAA production (20.15 mg l-1), and was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Priest et al., 1987. Inoculation with NR1 significantly increased the rot promotion rate of straw under liquid fermentation by 54.71 % compared with the control and increased the root length and average diameter, and SPAD value of maize under soil culture by 18.3 %, 22.0 %, and 5.24 % respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, fertilizing 8 or 9 tons of NR1-degraded compost fertilizer per hectare had the best effect on the growth, development, and productivity of the L14 peanut variety. These results suggest strain NR1 could be used to produce multi-functional humus, accelerate the decomposition of straw in the cultivated soil, and promote crop growth.
Exogenous nano-selenium alleviates heat-induced oxidative damage in date palm seedlings by modulating the plant hormones and antioxidant defense
Authors: SHAREEF Hussein Jasim
Published: July 2024

Crops are destroyed by extreme heat, which also limits their growth and yield. The present study sought to determine whether selenium (0, 15, or 30 mg l-1) impacted ‘Barhee’ date palm seedling’s development under heat stress (in the field and canopy temperature). The growth parameters, chlorophyll and relative water content, ascorbic acid, catalase activity, and phytohormones in seedlings were reduced under heat stress. At the same time, ascorbate peroxidase activity, proline, phenols, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and abscisic acid in seedlings increased. Enhancing growth features, chlorophyll content, relative water content, ascorbic acid, catalase activity, plant hormones, proline, phenols, and ascorbate peroxidase activity with exogenous nano-Selenium (15 mg l-1) reduced the negative impacts of heat stress. Date palm seedlings can be protected from high temperatures by using nano-selenium. Selenium reverses heat-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the antioxidative mechanism, improving reactive oxygen species scavenging, lowering lipid peroxidation, and modulating plant hormone levels.
A contribution to the Slovenian spider fauna – V
Authors: Kuralt Žan , Pajek Arambašič Neža , Ferle Maja , Kostanjšek Rok
Published: July 2024

The present study discusses and reports on 29 spider species new to Slovenian fauna, specifically: Larinioides patagiatus, Cyrtarachne ixoides, Pritha nana, Marinarozelotes adriaticus, Micaria micans, Scotophaeus blackwalli, Zelotes similis, Agyneta orites, Donacochara speciosa, Lasiargus hirsutus, Trichoncus sordidus, Walckenaeria vigilax, Alopecosa taeniata, Pardosa oreophila, Pardosa sordidata, Pardosa paludicola, Pardosa sphagnicola, Xerolycosa miniata, Mimetus laevigatus, Philodromus laricium, Philodromus vagulus, Attulus rupicola, Marpissa radiata, Micrommata ligurina, Euryopis quinqueguttata, Parasteatoda tabulata, Phoroncidia paradoxa, Rhomphaea rostrata, and Robertus mediterraneus.
Laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy as the main method for treatment of achalasia cardia: an evaluation of treatment results
Authors: Kiosov O. M. , Klymenko A. V. , Danyliuk M. B. , Kubrak M. A.
Published: July 2024

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation of undigested food, respiratory symptoms (nocturnal cough, recurrent aspiration, and pneumonia), chest pain, and weight loss.
The aim: to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for achalasia cardia by the method of laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy in combination with Dor fundoplication.
Materials and methods. To evaluate the treatment results of achalasia cardia by the method of laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy with Dor fundoplication, we analyzed 30 case histories of patients who were treated in the period from 2011 to 2022. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, diagnosis of stage II, III cardia achalasia confirmed using instrumental examinations. Exclusion criterion was stage I achalasia. The mean age of the patients was 53.0 ± 15.3 years. In terms of sex, this group was almost equal, there were 14 (46.7 %) women and 16 (53.3 %) men. The average duration of the disease was 5.0 ± 1.2 years. To determine the degree of achalasia, we used the radiological classification of the distal esophageal morphology in achalasia and distinguished 4 stages. Based on this classification, stage II achalasia was detected in 24 (80.0 %) patients, and stage III – in 6 (20.0 %), p = 0.0007, U = 180.0.
Results. All the patients were operated on as planned. The total duration of preoperative preparation in the hospital was 0.8 ± 0.2 days. The main method of treatment in this group was laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy with Dor fundoplication.
Conclusions. Laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy with fundoplication is currently one of the most effective methods of treatment for achalasia cardia. Minimally invasive surgical treatment methods for achalasia are effective in most patients, however, recurrence of symptoms in the long term occurs in 10.0–20.0 %, leaving open the question of finding new effective methods for the treatment of this pathology.
The role of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome in the pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea (a literature review)
Authors: Usachova O. V. , Vorobiova N. V. , Silina E. A. , Matvieieva T. B.
Published: July 2024

The aim – to summarize literature data on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the diarrheal syndrome development in children with rotavirus infection and to determine the role of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome in it through a complex analysis of literature reviews and empirical studies.
Rotavirus infection (RVI) remains the main cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. One of the most important pathogenetic links of rotavirus gastroenteritis is the development of osmotic diarrhea induced by carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome. Its development is associated with disaccharidase insufficiency and impaired absorption of monosaccharides in the small intestine.
Carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome is found in 67.0–98.3 % of children with RVI. Its laboratory manifestations (an increase in levels of fecal carbohydrates and lactose) are observed starting from the first days of the disease, and the maximum indicators are recorded in the period from the fifth to the seventh day.
Conclusions. Carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome is observed in the absolute majority of children with RVI, and its maximum severity is noted from the fifth to the seventh day of the disease, being realized mainly due to lactase deficiency. The severity of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome can be influenced by concomitant pathological conditions, that lead to a decrease in the activity of disaccharidases in the small intestine, and the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota.
Priorities of ensuring hygiene and occupational safety of medical personnel and the resilience of healthcare facilities in emergency situations
Authors: Brukhno R. P. , Yavorovskyi O. P. , Skaletskyi Yu. M. , Zinchenko T. O.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluate the influence of biological and socio-political emergencies on the safety of healthcare staff members.
Materials and methods. The study used bibliosemantic, statistical, and mathematical methods, analyzing official statistical data on the healthcare system state in Ukraine.
Results. While performing their functions in healthcare facilities, medical workers are exposed to the risk of negative effects from biological, psychophysiological, chemical, physical, and social harmful and hazardous factors. Adverse occupational factors in hospital environments exert a complex, combined, or concurrent effect, and its impact intensity can be enormously increased in various types of emergency situations.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a steep increase in occupational injuries in the national healthcare (in fact, by 30 times) has been documented, including due to the registration of acute infectious diseases among medical personnel at the workplace. Similar trends are also evidenced in indicators of lethal injuries, professional and occupationally induced morbidity.
Furthermore, Ukraine has faced overlapping emergency situations of socio-political terms, caused by the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation, and medical-biological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly complicating the state of affairs. According to official data, only in the first year of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, about 1500 healthcare facilities were damaged, 106 medical workers died, including 33 at their workplace.
Conclusions. The resilience of healthcare facilities to various types of emergency situations is an extremely important component of ensuring the hospital environment safety and, as practice shows, requires improvement. There is an urgent need to develop clear response algorithms for healthcare facilities to cope with emergency situations that could influence them.
Reinforcing a safety culture in the national medical sector could become the goal and foundation for future strategies to create a safe hospital environment by improving and enhancing the safety culture.
Interrelations between factors in the development of inflammatory changes in the urinary tract in the comprehensive treatment of patients with urolithiasis
Authors: Lyulko O. O. , Morhuntsov V. O.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work is to analyze the scientific literature data on the principles and state of rational antibiotic therapy use according to factors for the development of inflammatory changes in the urinary tract with the identification of the latter in the complex therapy for urolithiasis, taking into account the peculiarities of contact laser lithotripsy.
The article presents the results of analytical processing of professional publications on current principles of rational antibiotic therapy in the surgical treatment for urolithiasis, taking into account factors that may influence the development of inflammatory changes in the urinary tract.
It has been revealed that there is currently no clear understanding about chances of developing infectious processes during the treatment for urolithiasis of various localization, as well as the advisability and duration of using antibiotics in the comprehensive treatment of the disease. At the same time, antibiotic overuse has resulted in phenomena of resistance, side effects, and a number of other complicating factors needed to be addressed.
Conclusions. An analysis of present approaches to antibacterial therapy, considering its rationality at different treatment stages, has been conducted concluding that clear criteria and indicators for the use of drugs have not been specified, but these data serve only as recommendations and have not been thoroughly examined. Data on searching for a solution to problematic aspects are also provided.
Stellenwert des kreativen Schreibens im DaF-Unterricht aus der Sicht der polnischen Deutschlehrenden
Authors: Przymusińska Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych metod oraz sposobów organizacji procesów (kreatywnego) pisania tekstów w języku niemieckim jako obcym na drugim i trzecim etapie edukacyjnym z perspektywy nauczycieli. Opisane w artykule podejście dotyczące kształtowania sprawności tworzenia tekstów pisemnych oparte jest zarówno na teorii naukowej, dotyczącej dydaktyki (kreatywnego) pisania, jak i analizie oraz interpretacji wyników dwóch ankiet przeprowadzonych wśród polskich nauczycieli języka niemieckiego jako obcego. Analiza aktualnej sytuacji kształcenia umiejętności pisania w języku niemieckim w polskich szkołach wskazuje na rozbieżności między metodycznymi możliwościami nauczycieli a faktycznie wdrażanymi metodami w tym zakresie. Niestety, chęć i gotowość nauczycieli do stosowania metod kreatywnego pisania jako innowacyjnych rozwiązań, wspierających kompetencje w zakresie tworzenia tekstów pisemnych w języku niemieckim, nie znajduje odzwierciedlenia w wystarczającej wiedzy teoretycznej, odwołującej się przede wszystkim do działań ukierunkowanych na proces pisania i osobę ucznia jako twórcy tekstu, a nie wyłącznie do produktu końcowego, jakim jest tekst. Artykuł kończą wnioski będące impulsem do zmian w obszarze praktyki nauki pisania i do podniesienia pozycji dydaktyki (kreatywnego) pisania w polskich szkołach.
Preliminary findings and research perspectives on the German modal sollen in L2 written assessments
Authors: Wulff Nadja , McGury Sandra
Published: July 2024

Modal verbs represent a special verb category and constitute an essential component of L2 German semantics. While Abrams and Rott (2017) suggest that German learner texts depict a 90% accuracy in the correct use of modal verbs in integrative writing tasks, the correct semantic use of the modal sollen (‘supposed to’; ‘should’) seems to pose a particular challenge (Jentges 2016), especially in an assessment context. In this corpus analysis, 1,032 L2 German assessment texts across all CEFR levels were analyzed with respect to the L2 semantic use of sollen against the backdrop of the assessment prompts. 68% of instances of all uses of sollen in A1 texts and 53% of all uses of sollen in A2 texts showed an inappropriate semantic use of sollen. The discrepancy between these results and Abrams and Rott (2017) can be attributed to the prompts used in the assessments analyzed in this paper: They do not take into consideration the semantic mismatch between the use of the modal in the prompt and its inappropriate use in the texts produced.
Bin Zhang. Metapherntheorie und Konstruktionsgrammatik. Ein vierdimensionaler Ansatz zur Analyse von Metaphern und metaphorischen Konstruktionen. Tübingen: Narr Verlag. 2023. S. 410
Authors: Woźniak Joanna
Published: July 2024

Review: Bin Zhang.Metapherntheorie und  Konstruktionsgrammatik. Ein vierdimensionaler Ansatz zur Analyse von Metaphern und metaphorischen Konstruktionen. Tübingen: Narr Verlag. 2023. S. 410
Modelling trait and state willingness to communicate in a second language: An experience sampling approach
Authors: Lee Ju Seong , Chiu Ming Ming
Published: July 2024

This study investigates whether demographics, L2 enjoyment, L2 anxiety, psychological well-being, or Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) affected willingness to communicate in L2 (L2 WTC) at trait and state levels. Across two weeks, 16 Hong Kong EFL students completed pre-and post-trait-level surveys and generated 1,120 state-level responses via the experience sampling method (ESM). The survey findings revealed that students who were older, had higher language proficiency, or had higher pre-WTC digitally reported higher L2 WTC in the classroom. Students who studied English longer, had higher language proficiency, had higher pre-psychological well-being, had a higher standard deviation L2 WTC over 14 days, or had higher teacher appreciation showed higher L2 WTC outside of class. Students with higher language proficiency, higher pre-WTC digitally, or higher post-psychological well-being reported higher L2 WTC in digital settings. The ESM findings revealed that students with higher teacher appreciation, currently engaged in productive IDLE or both receptive and productive types of IDLE, currently experienced greater L2 enjoyment, or currently experienced greater well-being had higher L2 WTC now. Our findings contribute to (a) L2 WTC, informal language learning, and positive psychology theories, and (b) teachers’ strategies to enhance students’ L2 WTC overall and in the moment.
Brioflora do Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Sousa Maria Elizabeth , Emilia de Brito Valente  , De Oliveira Hermeson Cassoano
Published: July 2024

A Caatinga é uma das maiores e mais biodiversas florestas tropicais secas do mundo e está restrita à região Nordeste do Brasil. No estado do Piauí, a Caatinga cobre cerca de 37% da sua área territorial e apresenta uma cobertura vegetacional heterogênea, composta por formações xerófilas e ocorrência de florestas perenifólias, subperenifolia e florestas semidecíduas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo catalogar a brioflora do Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, uma Unidade de Conservação Integral da Caatinga localizada no sul do estado do Piauí. Foram identificadas 35 espécies de briófitas (21 musgos e 14 hepáticas), distribuídas em 18 famílias e 27 gêneros. Das espécies identificadas, 14 são novas ocorrências para o estado do Piauí. Quanto ao aspecto ecológico em relação aos grupos briocenológicos, predominou-se o rupícolo com (21 spp.), seguido do terrícolo (13 spp.), corticícolo (11 spp.) e epíxilo com duas espécies. Em relação aos grupos de tolerância à luminosidade, as espécies generalistas foram mais frequentes com 52%, enquanto especialistas de sombra foram representadas por 39% e as especialistas de sol por 9%. Foram identificadas cinco formas de vida diferentes: trama, flabelado, relva, tapete e tapete taloso. A maioria das espécies (64%) estão distribuídas na região Neotropical. Quanto a distribuição das espécies no Brasil, 58% estão amplamente distribuídas entre os estados brasileiros, 36% apresentam distribuição moderada e 6% distribuição restrita. Os resultados apresentados são contribuições relevantes para o conhecimento da flora de briófitas da Caatinga, estado do Piauí e região Nordeste do Brasil.
Bone marrow monocytes and macrophages from mice lacking βENaC and ASIC2 have a reduced chemotactic migration response and polarization
Authors: Wasson Robert , Fleming Adam B. , McLin Je’la , Hildebrandt Emily , Drummond Heather A.
Published: July 2024

The monocyte–macrophage system plays an important role in phagocytosis of pathogens and cellular debris following infection or tissue injury in several pathophysiological conditions. We examined ENaC/ASIC subunit transcript expression and the importance of select subunits in migration of bone marrow derived monocytes (freshly isolated) and macrophages (monocytes differentiated in culture). We also examined the effect of select subunit deletion on macrophage phenotype. BM monocytes were harvested from the femurs of male and female WT and KO mice (6–12 weeks of age). Our results show that α, β, γENaC, and ASIC1‐5 transcripts are expressed in BM macrophages and monocytes to varying degrees. At least αENaC, βENaC, and ASIC2 subunits contribute to chemotactic migration responses in BM monocyte–macrophages. Polarization markers (CD86, soluble TNFα) in BM macrophages from mice lacking ASIC2a plus βENaC were shifted towards the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, select M1 phenotypic markers were recovered with rescue of βENaC or ASIC2. Taken together, these data suggest that βENaC and ASIC2 play an important role in BM macrophage migration and loss of βENaC and/or ASIC2 partially polarizes macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Thus, targeting ENaC/ASIC expression in BM macrophages may regulate their ability to migrate to sites of injury.
Investigating the impact of wet rendering (solventless method) on PUFA-rich oil from catfish (Clarias magur) viscera
Authors: Dave Jaydeep , Ali Ali Muhammed Moula , Kumar Nishant , Nagarajan Muralidharan , Kieliszek Marek , Bavisetty Sri Charan Bindu
Published: July 2024

Catfish (Clarias magur) is a popular freshwater fish food worldwide. The processing of this fish generates a significant amount of waste, mainly in the form of viscera, which constitutes around 10–12% of the fish’s total weight. This study was focused on extracting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich oil from catfish viscera, aiming to enhance the extraction process and make the production of oil and handling of fish byproducts more cost-effective. The wet reduction method, a solvent-free approach, was used for extraction, with yield optimization done via the Box–Behnken design. The resulting oil was evaluated for its oxidative quality and chemical characteristics. The optimal conditions for the wet rendering process were as follows: viscera to water ratio, 1:0.5 (w/v); temperature, 90℃; and time, 20 min, yielding 12.40 g/100 g of oil. The oil extracted under optimal wet rendering conditions had quality and oxidative stability comparable to solvent extraction and fewer secondary oxidation compounds. This oil had a higher PUFA content, specifically a 4:1 ratio of omega 6 to omega 3. Such oil, derived from catfish viscera, is suitable for the food industry due to its solvent-free extraction method.
“Give It Branches & Roots”: Virginia Woolf and the Vegetal Event of Literature
Authors: Potoczny Anna Wiktoria
Published: July 2024

This article examines Virginia Woolf’s figurations of her writing process on the basis of her published diaries with particular attention to vegetal imagery and metaphor. Employing insights from critical plant studies, specifically the works of Michael Marder, and biosemiotics, specifically those of Wendy Wheeler, I investigate the image of fluid, open-ended, multiplicitous, and non-appropriative vegetal (non-)self as convergent with Woolf’s view of the writing subject. Further, I argue that writing, as presented by the modernist author, requires the suspension of conscious ideation and increased attention to the pre-conceptual and therefore bears the trace of what Marder terms “plant-thinking.” Referring to the biosemiotic concept of abductive logic, I propose that the image of writing emerging from Woolf’s diary possesses a necessary embodied, intuitive, and relational component, characteristic and continuous with semiosis that pervades the entirety of more-than-human biological life. Finally, drawing on Marder’s reconceptualisation of the event according to the specificity of the vegetal, I suggest that literature, for Woolf, constitutes just such a vegetal event – both rooted and proliferating, unfolding towards exteriority and predicated upon chance rather than the logic of finality.
Study on the strength mechanism of the wooden round-end mortise-and-tenon joint using the digital image correlation method
Authors: Hu Wengang , Yu Runzhong
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to reveal the strength mechanism of the mortise-and-tenon (M–T) joint at a deeper level. The effects of tenon fit on bending and withdrawal load resistances, and strain distributions outside and inside beech (Fagus sylvatica) wooden round-end M–T joints were experimentally investigated using mechanical testing synchronizing digital image correlation method (DICM). The results showed that (1) the tenon fit had greater significance on withdrawal properties than that of bending properties of M–T joints; (2) the bending load resistance was linearly proportional to withdrawal load resistance based on both theoretic analysis and regression methods; (3) strain distributions outside M–T joints during the loading process were not sufficient to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of the M–T joint; (4) strain distributions inside M–T joints showed that the maximum strains on top and bottom parts of the tenon were significantly greater than that of middle part, but the difference decreased with the growth of tenon fit; (5) the method of determining the optimal tenon fit of the M–T joint based on the DICM was proposed, and optimal tenon fit of beech wooden round-end M–T joint evaluated ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 mm.
Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
Authors: Tong Xiaoxia , Ma Li , Wu Di , Liu Yibing , Liu Yonglei
Published: July 2024

Backgrounds

The integrator complex (INT) is a multiprotein assembly in gene transcription. Although several subunits of INT complex have been implicated in multiple cancers, the complex’s role in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood.

Methods

The gene expressions, prognostic values, and the associations with microsatellite instability (MSI) of INT subunits were confirmed by GEO and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, TISIDB, and MCPcounter algorithm were adopted to investigate the mutation frequency, protein–protein interaction network, and the association with immune cells of INT subunits in GC. Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed to confirm the role of INTS11 in pathogenesis of GC.

Results

The mRNA expression levels of INTS2/4/5/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14 were significantly elevated both in GSE183904 and TCGA datasets. Through functional enrichment analysis, the functions of INT subunits were mainly associated with snRNA processing, INT, and DNA-directed 5′–3′ RNA polymerase activity. Moreover, these INT subunit expressions were associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and MSI in GC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of the catalytic core INTS11 in GC cells inhibits cell proliferation ability. INTS11 overexpression showed opposite effects.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that the INT complex might act as an oncogene and can be used as a prognosis biomarker for GC.
What is a dialect? What is a standard?: shifting indexicality and persistent ideological norms
Authors: Kroo Judit
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the ways in which the indexical meanings that attach to enregistered speaking styles are debated and contested in interaction by younger Japanese adults. Contested meanings include discourses of so-called hyoojungo ‘Standard Japanese’ and the speaking styles that are collectively described as ‘Okinawan dialect’, which are associated with the islands of Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. This paper uses data from casual conversations between younger male adults who were all born and raised in Okinawa Prefecture but moved to the main island of Honshu for university. Discourse analysis of these conversations demonstrates how these younger adults negotiate the social meanings attached to Okinawan speaking styles, linking them to broader ideologies of so-called hyoojungo as well as gendered styles, and reproducing normative ideologies of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ speech. Homing in on moments in which these speech styles are negotiated, the results of this paper emphasize the persistence of normative linguistic ideologies even as the meaning and content of linguistic styles are being re-imagined.