bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Marine Megabenthos Fauna Responds to River Discharge and Artificial Flood in Large River Estuary
Authors: Sun Debin , Fu Qinglu , Wang Jiao , Chen Linlin , Chen Jing , Wang Yilin , Li Baoquan
Published: January 2025

Estuaries are ecologically sensitive areas influenced by river regulation. Knowledge of how marine megabenthos responds to river regulation and artificial flooding events remains limited. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of river regulation on marine megabenthic fauna. The oceanographic investigations were conducted at the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent area during three distinct periods of river discharge, that is, spring low‐flow (IA), summer low‐flow (IB), and artificial flood (IC) periods. Samples of megabenthos and 14 mainly environmental parameters were investigated during different periods. The comprehensive indices of biodiversity (C‐diversity), phylogeny (C‐phyl), and stability (C‐stability) were synthesized from 24 basic indices to characterize the overall traits of megabenthos faunas. All 210 species were collected during three periods, belonging to 16 classes and 51 orders. The typical estuarine communities were mainly distributed in the key area within 30 km of the estuary during the low‐flow periods. The estuarine community presented with low biodiversity (C‐diversity = 0.15) but high stability (C‐stability = 0.64) during the IA period, followed by an increase in biodiversity during the IB period (C‐diversity = 0.35, C‐phyl = 0.69). The community underwent dramatic changes during the IC period, which bifurcated into distinct northern and southern groups. The northern community maintained high biodiversity and homeostasis (C‐stability = 0.60), whereas the southern stability decreased sharply (0.11). On the whole, the artificial flood reshaped the geographical distribution of megabenthic fauna in the estuarine area within 20 days, mainly as a result of the dramatic changes in seawater salinity and nutrient structure caused by flow pulse. An eco‐friendly discharge management of the Yellow River is needed to mitigate the impact.
Episodic Gregariousness Leads to Level‐Dependent Core Habitats: A Case Study in Eastern Copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix)
Authors: Christensen Tyler C. , Kwait Robert , Van Clef Michael , Maslo Brooke
Published: January 2025

Characterizing the complex relationships between animals and their habitats is essential for effective wildlife conservation and management. Wildlife–habitat selection is influenced by multiple life‐history requirements, which act over varying spatial and temporal scales, and result in dispersion patterns that can differ across ecological levels. For example, sites that attract intense communal use (e.g., hibernacula and communal basking sites) are often a subset of the habitats required by individuals for survival. Despite the conservation importance of both individually and communally significant habitats, snake habitat models rarely incorporate information about both individual and population‐level activity. We used 4 years of radiotelemetry data from eastern copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) to evaluate the presence of multilevel spatial habitat responses and whether they revealed conservation‐relevant information. We related individual and population space use intensity to underlying habitat covariates to determine whether predictors of copperhead spatial activity were level‐dependent, and whether individual core habitats differed by sex and reproductive state. Copperheads' episodic gregariousness resulted in spatial and environmental separation between individual and communal core habitats. Population‐level use was greatest in rocky, forested habitats associated with winter brumation and spring basking, whereas individual‐level use was greatest in open habitats with woody debris associated with foraging and reproductive behaviors. Male core habitats were open and thickly vegetated while those of females were moderately forested, with gravid female core habitats containing ample woody debris. Our findings demonstrate that multilevel spatial patterns carry conservation‐relevant information about snake habitat relationships. We suspect that behaviors leading to multilevel spatial patterns exist in many wildlife species whose individual spatial activities overlap around shared resources.
A Genomic‐Based Workflow for eDNA Assay Development for a Critically Endangered Turtle, Myuchelys georgesi
Authors: Nelson Holly V. , Georges Arthur , Farquharson Katherine A. , McLennan Elspeth A. , DeGabriel Jane L. , Belov Katherine , Hogg Carolyn J.
Published: January 2025

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has become a popular conservation tool for detecting rare and elusive species. eDNA assays typically target mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) due to its high copy number per cell and its ability to persist in the environment longer than nuclear DNA. Consequently, the development of eDNA assays has relied on mitochondrial reference sequences available in online databases, or in cases where such data are unavailable, de novo DNA extraction and sequencing of mtDNA. In this study, we designed eDNA primers for the critically endangered Bellinger River turtle (Myuchelys georgesi) using a bioinformatically assembled mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) derived from a reference genome. We confirmed the accuracy of this assembled mitogenome by comparing it to a Sanger‐sequenced mitogenome of the same species, and no base pair mismatches were detected. Using the bioinformatically extracted mitogenome, we designed two 20 bp primers that target a 152‐base‐pair‐long fragment of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene and a 186‐base‐pair‐long fragment of the cytochrome B (CytB) gene. Both primers were successfully validated in silico, in vitro, and in situ.
Enhancing Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ru‐Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Synergistic Role of Ti3+, Ru Single Atoms, and Ru Nanoparticles
Authors: Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya Mouli , Rodriguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Michalicka Jan , Kolíbalová Eva , Hromadko Ludek , Slang Stanislav , Pouzar Miloslav , Sopha Hanna , Zazpe Raul , Macak Jan M.
Published: January 2025

Synergistic interplays involving multiple active centers originating from TiO2 nanotube layers (TNT) and ruthenium (Ru) species comprising of both single atoms (SAs) and nanoparticles (NPs) augment the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by enhancing Volmer kinetics from rapid water dissociation and improving Tafel kinetics from efficient H* desorption. Atomic layer deposition of Ru with 50 process cycles results in a mixture of Ru SAs and 2.8 ± 0.4 nm NPs present on TNT layers, and it emerges with the highest HER activity among all the electrodes synthesized. A detailed study of the Ti and Ru species using different high‐resolution techniques confirmed the presence of Ti3+ states and the coexistence of Ru SAs and NPs. With insights from literature, the role of Ti3+, appropriate work functions of TNT layers and Ru, and the synergistic effect of Ru SAs and Ru NPs in improving the performance of alkaline HER were elaborated and justified. The aforementioned characteristics led to a remarkable performance by having 9 mV onset potentials and 33 mV dec−1 of Tafel slopes and a higher turnover frequency of 1.72 H2 s−1 at 30 mV. Besides, a notable stability from 28 h staircase chronopotentiometric measurements for TNT@Ru surpasses TNT@Pt in comparison.
Approaching Theoretical Limit of Ta3N5 Photoanode via Photothermal‐Accelerating Kinetics with Full‐Spectrum Utilization
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Yanwei , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Zhan Xiaopeng , Sui Peng‐Fei , Luo Jing‐Li , Xu Chenyu
Published: January 2025

Tantalum nitride is widely considered as a promising photoanode material for its suitable band structure as well as the high theoretical conversion efficiency in solar water splitting. However, it is limited to inefficient photoinduced electron–hole pair separation and interfacial dynamics in the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, multiple layers including TixSiy and NiFeCoOx were fabricated based on band engineering to regulate tandem electric states for efficient transfer of energy carriers. Besides, photothermal local surface plasmon resonance was introduced to accelerate the kinetics of photoelectrochemical reactions at the interface when the special Ag nanoparticles were loaded to extend the absorbance to near infrared light. Consequently, a recordable photocurrent density of 12.73 mA cm−2 has been achieved at 1.23 V versus RHE, approaching a theoretical limit of the tantalum nitride photoanode with full‐spectrum solar utilization. Meanwhile, compared to the applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency of 1.36% without photothermal factor, a high applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency of 2.27% could be raised by applying local surface plasmon resonance to photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction. The efficient design could maximize the use of solar light via the classification of spectrum and, therefore, may spark more innovative ideas for the future design and development of the next‐generation photoelectrode.
(P,N,P)Pd‐ versus (P,N,P)Ni‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions under Green Conditions†
Authors: Fagué Vincent , Dos Santos Diogo , Daran Jean‐Claude , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Guillo Pascal , Fliedel Christophe
Published: January 2025

Palladium dichloride (6‐10) and nickel dichloride (11‐15) complexes of a series of N‐substituted/functionalized bis(diphenylphosphino)amine‐type ligands (1‐5) were synthesized and characterized, using multinuclear NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The solid‐state structures of two palladium(II) (6 and 8⋅2CHCl3) and two nickel(II) (12 and 15) complexes could be confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. All the complexes were evaluated as catalysts in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Applying what appeared, from the literature, as the optimized reaction conditions for such complexes, i. e. Cs2CO3 as base and 1,4‐dioxane as solvent, the palladium catalysts were found very efficient for the coupling of phenylboronic acid and aryl bromides functionalized with weak and moderate electron donating groups (EDGs) and weak and moderate electron withdrawing groups (EWGs). In contrast, reduced activity was observed for aryl bromides functionalized with strong EDGs and EWGs and no activity for aryl chlorides. Under the same reaction conditions, the nickel catalysts were completely inactive. Applying different and “greener” reaction conditions, i. e. K3PO4 as base and tert‐amyl alcohol as solvent, the nickel catalysts efficiently converted various aryl bromides and chlorides with a pool of aryl boronic acids, therefore clearly surpassing their palladium analogues at lower cost, economically and environmentally. Surprisingly, these reaction conditions could also be successfully applied to the palladium complexes, improving their performances (activity towards aryl chlorides) and offering a “greener” alternative to the common conditions.
Characterization of Hemoglobin Variants by Capillary Electrophoresis, UV–Vis, and FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Werle Julia , Dunovska Katerina , Podhajsky Jakub , Cerny Michal , Cepova Jana , Parikesit Arli Aditya , Bjørklud Geir , Kotaska Karel , Klapkova Eva , Prusa Richard , Werle Egon , Kizek Rene
Published: January 2025

Hemoglobinopathies, hereditary disorders affecting the structure or production of hemoglobin, were detected by routine HbA1c measurements by capillary electrophoresis (CE) at the University Hospital Motol, Prague. The potential of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the detection and characterization of hemoglobinopathies was investigated. FTIR spectra were recorded with a very high resolution (0.5 cm−1) with 128 scans. The broad amide I peak, located at 1700–1600 cm−1, can be formed by superimposition of the conformational structures of hemoglobin. These secondary protein structures were subjected to mathematical analysis. The application of band narrowing techniques, followed by curve fitting and integration processes, provided the basis for the quantitative estimation of protein secondary structure. As a result, unambiguous differences in UV–Vis spectra among patients with presumably normal hemoglobin, an HbC or a hemoglobin S/hemoglobin G (HbS/HbG)‐Philadelphia variant could not be demonstrated. However, FTIR spectra indicated slight differences in α‐helix, β‐turns, β‐sheet, or random coil secondary hemoglobin structures for these mutations. In the spectral wavenumber range of 950–850 cm−1, there were some obvious FTIR differences at specific wavenumbers between patients with normal hemoglobin and those with the HbC variant. Further investigations are needed with a sufficient number of hemoglobin variants to elucidate the potency of FTIR spectroscopy for the characterization of hemoglobinopathies.
Genomic prediction of forage nutritive value in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Konkolewska Agnieszka , Dineen Michael , Keirse Rachel , Conaghan Patrick , Milbourne Dan , Barth Susanne , Lawlor Aonghus , Byrne Stephen
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite its importance to animal production potential, genetic gain for forage nutritive value has been limited in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) breeding. The objective of this study was to phenotype a training population and develop prediction models to assess the potential of predicting organic matter digestibility (OMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data.

Methods

Near infra‐red reflectance spectroscopy calibrations for OMD and NDF were developed and used to phenotype a spaced plant training population of n = 1606, with matching genotype‐by‐sequencing data, for developing genomic selection models. families derived from the training population were also evaluated for OMD and NDF in sward plots and used to empirically validate prediction models.

Results

Sufficient genotypic variation exists in breeding populations to improve forage nutritive value, and spectral bands contributing to calibrations were identified. OMD and NDF can be predicted from genomic data with moderate accuracy (predictive ability in the range of 0.51–0.59 and 0.33–0.57, respectively) and models developed on individual plants outperform those developed from family means. Encouragingly, genomic prediction models developed on parental plants can predict OMD in subsequent generations grown as competitive swards.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that genetic improvement in forage nutritive value can be accelerated through the application of genomic prediction models.
The Metabolic Treatabolome and Inborn Errors of Metabolism Knowledgebase therapy tool: Do not miss the opportunity to treat!
Authors: den Hollander Bibiche , Hoytema van Konijnenburg Eva M. M. , Hewitson Brittany , van der Meijden Jan C. , Balfoort Berith M. , Winter Brad , Müller Annelieke R. , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Ferreira Carlos R. , van Karnebeek Clara D.
Published: January 2025

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare genetic conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Technological advances have increased therapeutic options, making it challenging to remain up to date. A centralized therapy knowledgebase is needed for early diagnosis and targeted treatment. This study aimed to identify all treatable IEMs through a scoping literature review, followed by data extraction and analysis according to the Treatabolome principles. Knowledge of treatable IEMs, therapeutic categories, efficacy, and evidence was integrated into the Inborn Errors of Metabolism Knowledgebase (IEMbase), an online database encompassing all IEMs. The study identified 275 treatable IEMs, 18% of all currently known 1564 IEMs, according to the International Classification of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Disorders of fatty acid and ketone body metabolism had the highest treatability (67%), followed by disorders of vitamin and cofactor metabolism (60%), and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism (42%). The most common treatment strategies were pharmacological therapy (34%), nutritional therapy (34%), and vitamin and trace element supplementation (12%). Treatment effects were most commonly observed in nervous system abnormalities (34%), metabolism/homeostasis abnormalities (33%), and growth (7%). Predominant evidence sources included case reports with evidence levels 4 (48%) and 5 (12%), and individual cohort studies with evidence level 2b (12%). Our study generated the Metabolic Treatabolome 2024. IEMs are the largest group of monogenic disorders amenable to disease‐modifying therapy. With drug repurposing efforts and advancements in gene therapies, this number will expand. IEMbase now provides up‐to‐date, comprehensive information on clinical and biochemical symptoms and therapeutic options, empowering patients, families, healthcare professionals, and researchers in improving patient outcomes.
Positive Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Metabolic Impact of Liver Transplantation in Patients With Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency
Authors: Siri Barbara , Greco Benedetta , Martinelli Diego , Cairoli Sara , Guarnera Alessia , Longo Daniela , Napolitano Antonio , Parrillo Chiara , Ravà Lucilla , Simeoli Raffaele , Spagnoletti Gionata , Taurisano Roberta , Veraldi Silvio , Pietrobattista Andrea , Spada Marco , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo
Published: January 2025

Liver transplantation (LTx) is increasingly used in Urea Cycle Defects (UCDs) to prevent recurrent hyperammonemia and related neurological irreversible injury. Among UCDs, argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD) has a more complex phenotype than other UCDs, with long‐term neurocognitive deficits. Therefore, the role of LTx in ASLD is still debated. The impact of LTx on nine patients with early‐onset ASLD was assessed through pre‐ and post‐LTx clinical, neuropsychological, MRI and biochemical evaluations. After LTx, no episodes of metabolic decompensations were reported. Neuropsychological evaluations documented significant improvement in cognitive/developmental functioning especially in patients transplanted in early childhood. Improvements were also highlighted in daily living skills and emotional‐behavioral problems, with a reduction in attention disturbances and somatic complaints. Movement disorders resolved after LTx in patient transplanted in early childhood. Any patients developed epilepsy with stability of EEG alterations after LTx. A positive effect of LTx on other disease‐related outcomes such as growth, diet, medications, hospitalizations, and long‐term ASLD‐related complications was highlighted. The primary biomarker argininosuccinic acid dramatically reduced in plasma after transplantation with a decreasing trend in CSF at long‐term follow‐up. Moreover, health‐related quality of life improved after LTx, especially when assessed through MetabQoL, a tool designed for intoxication diseases such as ASLD. In conclusion, our study showed a global beneficial impact of LTx in early‐onset ASLD patients to avoid episodes of hyperammonemia, and improve neurocognitive outcome, adaptive and behavioral deficits when performed in early childhood with a dramatic benefit in terms of quality of life.
Electronically Preresonant Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Burde Rushikesh , Reuter Nico , Pruccoli Andrea , Birech Zephania , Winterhalder Martin , Zumbusch Andreas
Published: January 2025

Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy are key techniques for label‐free vibrational imaging. However, their application is often limited by poor sensitivities. Recent advancements have shown that similar to spontaneous resonance Raman spectroscopy, SRS microscopy sensitivity can be greatly enhanced under electronic preresonance conditions. While electronic enhancement of CARS signals in spectroscopy was reported in the 1970s, its application in microscopy remains less explored. This study presents experimental results demonstrating significant sensitivity enhancements in CARS microscopy by choosing excitation wavelengths near electronic transitions in sample molecules, achieving detection levels down to low micromolar concentrations. We also conducted both experimental and theoretical investigations on spectra with and without electronic resonances, addressing the background signals encountered when using this method. Our findings advance the understanding of electronic preresonance effects in CARS and offer practical sensitivity enhancements, broadening the scope for coherent Raman imaging at lower concentrations.
FKBP Prolyl Isomerase 11: A Novel Oncogene Interacting With SRSF1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ding Zheng , Hou Zhichao , Zhang Tangjuan , Wang Peng , Pan Xue , Li Xiangnan , Zhao Song
Published: January 2025

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the main subtypes of esophageal carcinoma with high morbidity. This study aimed to explore the role of FKBP prolyl isomerase 11 (FKBP11) in ESCC and investigate the underlying mechanism. FKBP11 levels in ESCC tumor tissues and cell lines were measured. Cell function assays were conducted to evaluate the role of FKBP11 in ESCC cells. The xenograft mouse model was established to validate the effect of FKBP11 on ESCC tumorigenesis in vivo. The co‐immunoprecipitation assay was performed to determine the FKBP11‐interacting proteins. Obvious upregulations in FKBP11 expression were found in ESCC tumor tissues and cell lines. In vitro, FKBP11 knockdown weakened cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities and reinforced cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. In vivo, FKBP11 knockdown slowed ESCC tumorigenesis. The following mechanism investigation determined serine and arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) as the FKBP11‐interacting protein in ESCC cells. FKBP11 directly bound to SRSF1 and FKBP11 knockdown decreased SRSF1 mRNA level. SRSF1 overexpression abrogated the inhibitory effect of FKBP11 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. KBP11 functions as an oncogene in ESCC by targeting SRSF1.
Neurophysiological Insights into the Pathophysiology of Stiff‐Person Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Moura João , Rocchi Lorenzo , Zandi Michael , Balint Bettina , Bhatia Kailash P. , Latorre Anna
Published: January 2025

Background

Stiff Person Spectrum Disorders (SPSD) are classically defined by the presence of muscle stiffness, spasms and hyperactivity of the central nervous system. There is a notable correlation between neurophysiological features and the clinical hallmark of SPSD, which has greatly encouraged the use of these techniques for diagnostic purposes. Besides, electrophysiological techniques allow for a functional evaluation of the ‘hyperactivity of the CNS’, thus offering the opportunity to clarify the mechanisms underlying this disorder. This review delves into the current knowledge on the electrophysiological aspects of SPSD, highlighting the pivotal role of various studies in unravelling its pathophysiology.

Methods

Literature review for studies on SPSD that included a neurophysiological evaluation.

Results

We first examined the abnormal neurophysiological findings of SPSD across the central nervous system, from the spinal circuit to the motor cortex. Subsequently, we discussed their pathological implications and explored how these findings can be interpreted within the framework of an immune‐mediated disorder.

Conclusions

Two primary questions remain unanswered: the localization of the primary abnormality within the central nervous system and the connection between the autoimmune basis of SPSD and its neurophysiological aspects. Addressing these questions could provide invaluable insights into SPSD etiology and targeted therapeutic strategies.
Unveiling meteorological synergies in the coupling of an abnormal easterly wave and cutoff low in South Africa's February 2023 rainfall
Authors: Fazel‐Rastgar Farahnaz , Sivakumar Venkataraman , Rostami Masoud , Fallah Bijan
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to understand the meteorological mechanisms that caused widespread and heavy rainfall from 6 to 14 February 2023, over southern Mozambique and the eastern and northeastern areas in South Africa, including Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga Province and northern KwaZulu‐Natal, by examining different outputs from reanalysis datasets. The heavy rainfall had a substantial hydrological impact, leading to significant flooding and disruptions. This research revealed that a slow‐moving cutoff low (COL) system remained over the central parts of South Africa, triggering extensive and heavy rainfall mostly over the northeastern and eastern provinces. The outcomes from the reanalysis datasets display the influence of the weather system and the interaction between an initiated westerly wave, which converted into a near‐stationary upper‐air cold core upper air COL system, and the easterly wind wave associated with the South Indian Ocean Convergence Zone (SICZ), bringing significant warm humid air from the Indian Ocean into the study area. This study revealed an abnormal structural pattern in the wind vectors, low‐pressure trough, upper and mid‐tropospheric westerly flows and humidity compared with the long‐term climate normal values over Mozambique and the northeastern and eastern regions of southern Africa. This event is exciting from a meteorological perspective due to its intensity and duration, the involvement of cyclonic activity and its implications for understanding the impacts of climate change on weather patterns in southern Africa. The heavy rainfall had a substantial hydrological impact, leading to significant flooding and disruptions, providing valuable data for improving forecasting models and disaster preparedness strategies and underscoring the importance of enhancing climate resilience in regions prone to extreme weather.
Role of infant and early‐childhood nutrition on gut inflammation, stunting, growth, and development in the African context: A narrative review
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamedraza , Manji Karim
Published: January 2025

This article synthesizes the existing research evidence from Tanzania, a low‐ to middle‐income country, highlighting the persistent issue of growth stunting. Stunting begins early in life, potentially even in utero. It is becoming increasingly clear that infant and childhood environmental enteric dysfunction plays a significant role in perpetuating the observed stunting. The repercussions of this condition include poor growth and detrimental effects on neurodevelopment, preventing affected children from reaching their full potential. The economic implications of this are substantial. The manuscript outlines the trajectory from low birth weight and suboptimal lactation to altered weaning practices and changes in the gut microbiome. It also presents current perspectives on how to mitigate these adverse effects, with a focus on early interventions in lactation and feeding during the crucial first 1000 days of life.
Cremated Bone in Archaeology: Ethical Considerations in the Excavation, Analysis, Storage, and Display of Cremated Bone in the United Kingdom
Authors: Squires Kirsty , McKinley Jacqueline , Roberts Charlotte A. , Biers Trish
Published: January 2025

In the United Kingdom, the study of archaeological cremated human remains has risen exponentially over the past three decades. Consequently, we are gaining a more rounded understanding of past communities, rather than a skewed perspective caused by an overreliance on studies of human remains from inhumation graves. Yet, ethical considerations related to the excavation, recording, analysis, storage, and display of cremated remains are not explicitly explored in the literature. This paper redresses this imbalance and explores the key ethical challenges based on the authors' professional experiences in commercial archaeology, universities, and museums. Recommendations for best ethical practice are provided and are aimed at all relevant parties who may encounter cremated bone in their place of work. Clearly, best practice can only be achieved by ensuring practitioners (including students) have appropriate ethics training, including consulting with specialists where experience of cremated human bone may be lacking within a team. The attainment of standardized ethical protocols explicitly addressing cremated remains and implementing training initiatives should be spearheaded by professional bodies. Ultimately, we hope this paper will encourage the inclusion of cremated remains in ethical discourses within archaeology, osteoarchaeology, and museology.
Diagnosing Acute Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation—Comparison of the Modified Glucksberg Criteria Versus the MAGIC Criteria
Authors: Weischendorff Sarah , Kamari‐Kany Nakisa , Kielsen Katrine , Ifversen Marianne , Müller Klaus
Published: January 2025

Diagnosing acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is challenging due to heterogeneity in interpreting current clinical criteria. Recently, the Mount Sinai Acute GvHD International Consortium (MAGIC) criteria were introduced to improve diagnostic consistency. In a study of 117 pediatric patients undergoing HSCT, the modified Glucksberg and the MAGIC criteria were retrospectively compared. The MAGIC criteria identified significantly more cases of gastrointestinal (GI) aGvHD and increased overall severity, important for guiding systemic treatment. Diagnosing upper GI aGvHD based solely on symptomatology (MAGIC) proved difficult, suggesting a need for stricter definitions. For lower GI aGvHD, the modifications were clearly beneficial, although diarrhea duration remains unspecified.
Evaluation of the effect of triphenyl phosphate on hemp fiber‐reinforced polycarbonate composites for 3D printing applications
Authors: Ceylan Engin Irem , Cakici Alp Nese , Aytac Ayse
Published: January 2025

This study examined the effects of adding plasticizer to 3D printable hemp fiber‐reinforced polycarbonate (PCH) composites to improve composite properties and facilitate the 3D printing process. The plasticizer or flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), was added to the PCH composite at three different ratios (5%, 10%, and 20%). The characterization of composites was realized with Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheological analysis, tensile testing, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. According to DSC results, while the glass transition temperature of pure PC was 148.44°C, it was reduced to 93.74°C with the addition of TPP. TGA analysis showed that PC has the best thermal resistance. The tensile test demonstrated that 20%TPP‐containing samples exhibited a value of 59.52 MPa, representing a 38% increase compared to pure PC. Additionally, the LOI value of this sample is 32.4, increased by 12% compared to pure PC. Furthermore, SEM analysis showed that TPP reduced the gaps between the matrix and fiber. In general, the properties improved with an increase in TPP content. A composite was developed from a partially natural and more sustainable material, with improved properties and 3D printing processability compared to pure polycarbonate.

Highlights

10%TPP‐added composite has demonstrated the best thermal resistance

20% TPP‐added composite has 32.4 LOI and 59.52 MPa tensile strength values

Adding hemp fiber to PC did not significantly change the Tg value

20% TPP addition to the composite reduced the Tg value by 63%.

The 3D printing process has become easier with the increasing TPP ratio.
Debonding and collapse simulation of plastic liners for type IV hydrogen storage vessels
Authors: Zha Yan , Jiao Xiangdong , Dang Kaifang , Liu Yuwei , Duan Yuchen , Liu Gonghan , Yang Weimin , Xie Pengcheng
Published: January 2025

Type IV hydrogen storage vessels, equipped with lightweight, thin plastic liners provide a cost‐effective solution to enhance the storage density of large‐capacity road transport tanks. However, during rapid depressurization, the plastic liner may collapse and debond from the CFRP, compromising the structural integrity and load‐bearing capability of the vessel. To address this critical issue, this study develops an innovative finite element simulation framework that dynamically models the collapse behavior of the liner and interfacial debonding under rapid decompression. The model reveals the sequential progression of liner collapse, which involves initial buckling deformation, CFRP debonding, wrinkling, and eventual partial collapse, leading to structural failure. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to assess the sensitivity of collapse pressure to various influencing factors. The results indicate that the onset of liner collapse is highly sensitive to initial geometric imperfections. Furthermore, for large‐capacity Type IV hydrogen storage vessels, a liner thickness‐to‐diameter ratio of (w/D = 0.01) significantly improves the liner's resistance to collapse. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the design of hydrogen storage vessels to enhance safety and performance.

Highlights

Dynamic process of buckling‐debonding‐collapse failure of plastic liner.

The collapse failure of plastic liner is highly sensitive to initial defects.

Thickness to diameter ratio of 0.01 boosts collapse resistance of plastic liner.
Safety Assessment of Influenza Vaccination for Neurological Outcomes Among Older Adults in Japan: A Self‐Controlled Case Series Study
Authors: Ogawa Mitsunori , Takeuchi Yoshinori , Iida Yukino , Iwagami Masao , Uemura Kohei , Ono Sachiko , Michihata Nobuaki , Koide Daisuke , Matsuyama Yutaka , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To assess adverse neurological risks following influenza vaccination in older adults.

Methods

Using a linked database of healthcare administrative claims data and vaccination records from an urban city in Japan (April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2020), we conducted an observational study utilizing a self‐controlled case series design. We identified individuals aged ≥ 65 years who experienced adverse neurological outcomes, defined as hospitalizations related to epilepsy, paralysis, facial paralysis, neuralgia, neuritis, optic neuritis, migraine, extrapyramidal disorders, Guillain–Barre syndrome, or narcolepsy. We used conditional Poisson regression to analyze within‐subject incidence rate ratios, comparing the risk of these outcomes during risk periods following influenza vaccination (0–6 days and 7–29 days after each vaccination) with nonvaccination periods. Our analysis was adjusted for age and season groups as time‐varying covariates.

Results

We enrolled 3283 eligible individuals (men: 1643; mean [standard deviation] age: 76 [7.3] years). The incidence rate ratio for the outcome during the risk periods was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.30) in risk period 1 (0–6 days after vaccination) and 1.14 (0.96–1.35) in risk period 2 (7–29 days after vaccination), respectively.

Conclusions

We found no evidence that the risk of adverse neurological events was increased after influenza vaccination in older adults. These results may help reassure older adults who are hesitant to receive influenza vaccination because of concerns regarding adverse neurological outcomes.
The European Drug–Drug Interaction (EuroDDI) Study Protocol: A Cross‐Country Comparison of Drug–Drug Interaction Prevalence in the Older Community‐Dwelling Population
Authors: Hughes John E. , Menditto Enrica , Mucherino Sara , Orlando Valentina , Moreno‐Juste Aida , Gimeno‐Miguel Antonio , Poblador‐Plou Beatriz , Aza‐Pascual‐Salcedo Mercedes , González‐Rubio Francisca , Ioakeim‐Skoufa Ignatios , Bennett Kathleen , Cahir Caitriona
Published: January 2025

Background

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs), highly prevalent amongst the elderly, can lead to avoidable medication‐related harm. Cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) drugs are commonly implicated. To date, there is no consensus on how to measure DDIs, making comparisons across countries challenging.

Objective

To (i) establish a common data model (CDM) to measure DDI prevalence in the older (aged ≥ 70 years) community‐dwelling population of three European countries and (ii) compare and describe cardiovascular and CNS DDI prevalence rates across these countries.

Methods

This cross‐country study will apply a harmonised method of DDI identification and analysis using the WHO ATC classification system and national pharmacy claims data from three European countries (Ireland, Italy, Spain). Patients aged ≥ 70 years dispensed ≥ 2 medications during 2016 will be identified from each country's national database. ‘Severe’ cardiovascular and CNS DDIs (i.e., may result in a life‐threatening event/permanent detrimental effect) will be identified using the British National Formulary and Stockley's Drug Interactions. Two separate lists of ‘severe’ DDIs, per medications reimbursed, will be applied to each database: (i) DDIs relevant to each individual country and (ii) DDIs relevant to all three countries. DDIs will be defined as co‐dispensed (same day) and concomitantly (±7 days) dispensed.

Results

Descriptive statistics, including DDI prevalence and 95% confidence intervals, will be reported for each country. Prevalence will be pooled and compared across countries using random effects models and meta‐regression, where feasible.

Conclusion

The EuroDDI study will develop a harmonised method to measure and compare DDI prevalence across health‐related databases in Europe.
Improved infrared stealth and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of polyimide‐derived carbon aerogels by constructing heterogeneous nanopores
Authors: Shen Lu , Jiang Xinyue , Ni Long , Luo Yinfu , Liang Mei , Yang Yunhua , Zhou Shengtai , Zou Huawei
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of science and technology, there is an increasing demand for lightweight materials with excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared stealth performance for space applications. In this study, a series of polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) aerogels were fabricated by blending, which were dried using supercritical CO2 drying method. Then, PI/SiO2 composite aerogels were carbonized to prepare carbon aerogels with superior thermal insulation and EMI shielding properties. The carbonized PI/SiO2 aerogels contained mesopores which enhanced the interfacial thermal resistance and improved the thermal insulation performance by 69% when compared with those samples without SiO2. The presence of mesopores adjusted the impedance matching of carbon aerogels, which allowed more EM waves to enter inside of the aerogels and dissipate through multiple reflections, thereby achieving absorption‐dominant EMI shielding performance. This study proposed a viable approach to preparing PI‐based carbon aerogels with excellent infrared stealth and EMI shielding performance, which show promising applications in aerospace and related industries.

Highlights

The introduction of SiO2 regulated the microstructure of carbon aerogels.

The thermal conductivity of carbon aerogels reached as low as 0.10 W/mK with 3 wt% SiO2.

The EMI performance of carbon aerogel was enhanced from 22.4 to 33.5 dB.
Comprehensive Investigation of Proteoglycan Gene Expression in Breast Cancer: Discovery of a Unique Proteoglycan Gene Signature Linked to the Malignant Phenotype
Authors: Buraschi Simone , Pascal Gabriel , Liberatore Federico , Iozzo Renato V.
Published: January 2025

Solid tumors present a formidable challenge in oncology, necessitating innovative approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes. Proteoglycans, multifaceted molecules within the tumor microenvironment, have garnered attention due to their diverse roles in cancer progression. Their unique ability to interact with specific membrane receptors, growth factors, and cytokines provides a promising avenue for the development of recombinant proteoglycan‐based therapies that could enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer treatment. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the proteoglycan gene landscape in human breast carcinomas. Leveraging the available wealth of genomic and clinical data regarding gene expression in breast carcinoma and using a machine learning model, we identified a unique gene expression signature composed of five proteoglycans differentially modulated in the tumor tissue: Syndecan‐1 and asporin (upregulated) and decorin, PRELP and podocan (downregulated). Additional query of the breast carcinoma data revealed that serglycin, previously shown to be increased in breast carcinoma patients and mouse models and to correlate with a poor prognosis, was indeed decreased in the vast majority of breast cancer patients and its levels inversely correlated with tumor progression and invasion. This proteoglycan gene signature could provide novel diagnostic capabilities in breast cancer biology and highlights the need for further utilization of publicly available datasets for the clinical validation of preclinical experimental results.
Physical Activity, Sleep and Eating in Young People With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Remeeus Melissa G. A. , Silvius Jordy A. W. , Feenstra Dine J. , Luyten Patrick , Hutsebaut Joost , Scholte Ron H. J.
Published: January 2025

Previous research suggests a connection between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and somatic comorbidities, underscoring the importance of lifestyle and health‐related behaviour (LHRB) in the emergence of BPD. We investigated LHRBs—physical activity, sleeping and overeating—among young people at different BPD stages compared to a matched community sample. Furthermore, we explored whether problematic LHRBs intensify in later BPD stages. Participants included 55 young people exhibiting BPD features from a specialized mental health care institution, matched with a community control group based on age, self‐reported and education. A MANOVA assessed differences in physical activity, sleep disturbance, sleep‐related impairment and emotional overeating between the BPD and control group. A second MANOVA explored these behaviours across BPD stages within the clinical group. Results revealed significantly higher levels of sleep‐related problems among young people with BPD features compared to controls. However, no significant differences were found in physical activity or emotional overeating. Furthermore, problematic LHRBs did not show a significant association with BPD stage. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between BPD and problematic LHRBs, emphasizing the importance of early intervention targeting sleep‐related problems in young people with BPD, alongside addressing other aspects of BPD and associated LHRBs.
The effect of population density on the phenotype, metabolic and immunological adaptations in the cuticle of Spodoptera litura larvae
Authors: Wen Liang , Jin Tingting , Luo Xingshi , Yuan Huiting , Li Jin , Xu Chongbo , Jin Fengliang , Zhang Jie , Yu Xiao‐Qiang
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Species that experience outbreaks and those that display density‐dependent phase polymorphism demonstrate density‐dependent prophylaxis (DDP) by increasing their immune investment in response to increasing densities. Despite this phenomenon, the mechanisms of DDP remain largely unexplored.

RESULTS

Here, we showed that Spodoptera litura exhibited heightened cuticular melanization and enhanced cuticular immune responses when reared at higher population density. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune responses, nutritional metabolism, and cuticular synthesis in the cuticle, revealing the molecular underpinnings of density‐dependent plasticity in larval cuticles. Gregarious S. litura larvae exhibited significant up‐regulation of immune‐related genes, particularly those in the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathways and tyrosine metabolism, suggesting a strategic enhancement of immune defenses. Concurrently, a reduced lipid metabolism was observed in the cuticle of gregarious larvae, with suppressed expression of key genes in the fatty acid synthesis, leading to a decrease in integument triglyceride content. The immune defense of gregarious larvae was further amplified by increased expression of cuticle‐ and melanin formation‐related genes, and reduced chitin degradation, reinforcing the cuticle as a physical barrier against pathogens.

CONCLUSION

Our findings clarify that shifts in phenotypic plasticity, metabolic pathways, and immune response mechanisms underscore the adaptability of insects to population density changes and their consequent vulnerability to pathogens, offering new directions and insights for uncovering the mechanisms underlying pest outbreaks and for enhancing the effectiveness of biological control measures by targeting gregarious immunity. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Coupling between 2D Materials and Nanophotonic Cavities
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Shaofeng , Li Yuhang , Cao Shuo , Xu Xiulai , Qian Chenjiang
Published: January 2025

Cavities are the ideal platform to investigate the light–matter interactions because they strongly confine and modulate the photons. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitrite have unique electronic and optical properties, exhibiting excellent optical performance at the atomically thin nanoscale. The integration of 2D materials into cavities raises challenges in both the design and fabrication technologies. In this manuscript, the recent results of 2D‐material cavities are reviewed, in which the quality factor (Q‐factor) and smaller mode volume have been greatly improved. The nanostructure of cavities has been optimized to provide the homogeneous environment by encapsulating the 2D materials with hBN or polymer, which is crucial to improve the excitonic qualities and emission stability. These cavities are capable to integrate the 2D materials and their heterostructures, and enable the novel light–matter interaction phenomena such as the Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton‐photon polaritons. In addition, 2D materials are sensitive to the local environment such as the deformation arising from the strain or vibration, and thereby, enable the multi‐modal interaction with other physical degrees of freedom. These 2D‐material cavities indicate great potentials in the applications in quantum optical devices and quantum photonic technologies.
Natural Resource and Food Import Dependence of Africa: Can Democracy Slowdown Dependence?
Authors: Ngassam Sylvain B. , Douanla Sandrine G. , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: January 2025

Despite Africa's huge agricultural potential and natural resource abundance, the continent is paradoxically the most food import dependent and food unsecured in the world. Based on this paradoxical observation, this study seeks to analyze the effect of natural resources on food import dependence in a panel of 38 sub‐Saharan African countries over the period of 2000–2020. The following findings are established. First, natural resource‐dependent countries in Africa are associated with over‐reliance on food dependence. Second, oil and gas rents significantly accentuate food dependence while mineral rent reduces dependence. We find that this situation is reversible, as liberal, egalitarian, deliberative, and electoral democracies mitigate the effect of natural resources on food import dependence. These findings call for a rethinking of the food policy strategy in Africa. Therefore, we suggest that African governments should reduce their over‐reliance on food imports by implementing food import substitution strategies. This can be done by investing part of the revenues from natural resources in agricultural infrastructures and by strengthening institutions, especially democracy.JEL Classification: H11, L66, O55, Q50