bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macrofauna epiedáfica em área de cultivo do noni sob práticas de manejo agroecológicas
Authors: Costa Amanda Dias , Araújo Raunira da Costa , Diniz Belísia Lúcia Moreira Toscano , Sousa Solange de , Coaracy Thiago do Nascimento , Silva Wedson Aleff Oliveira da , Saraiva Maria Monique Tavares , Silva Hyan Matheus Freitas das Neves
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica da macrofauna epiedáfica numa área sob cultivo de noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) submetido a diferentes práticas de manejo do solo, em duas épocas de coleta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 4, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação dos fatores com e sem consórcio com bananeira, com e sem cobertura do solo com palhada de bananeira, e doses de biofertilizante bovino (0,0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 L planta -1). Para a captura da macrofauna epiedáfica, foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda do tipo pitfall, instaladas no período chuvoso (agosto) e seco (novembro) de 2019. A comunidade foi analisada conforme os parâmetros de abundância, frequência, riqueza e diversidade e os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância, agrupamento e correlação linear. A maior abundância e frequência da macrofauna foram encontradas no período seco, mas a maior riqueza e diversidade ocorreram no período chuvoso. Em ambos os períodos de coleta, a predominância foi da ordem Hymenoptera. Os índices de riqueza e diversidade revelaram, no período chuvoso e seco, os valores mais altos, para os tratamentos doses de biofertilizante associados com consórcio ou cobertura. Foram encontrados efeitos significativos dos períodos de coleta sobre a macrofauna e para interação entre consórcio e cobertura. Houve correlação significativa entre Diptera e teores de matéria orgânica. A macrofauna epiedáfica se mostrou uma importante ferramenta de bioindicação em área de cultivo do noni sob diferentes práticas de manejo, em duas épocas de coleta.
Drawing technique in understanding the meaning of adolescent pregnancy
Authors: Demori Carolina Carbonell , Prates Lisie Alende , Pilger Carolina Heleonora , Gomes Natália da Silva , Cremonese Luiza , Barreto Camila Nunes
Published: January 2021

Objective: to investigate the meanings of adolescents about pregnancy. Method: qualitative study of ethnographic aspect, performed with eight pregnant teenagers. The data collection technique was the narrative interview, which was subjected to thematic analysis, and drawing as a complementary technique. The study was initiated after approval by the Ethics Committee with CAAE number 00554512.0.0000.5346. Results: the use of the drawing produced meanings of the bodily changes, which were of reflection about their silhouette, timidity in representing themselves in a drawing and satisfaction with the corporal alterations caused by the pregnancy. In the representations, they were alone, only one included the partner. Conclusion: the drawing allows a more communicative and participatory position during the interviews. Thereby, it recognizes the relevance of using this technique in data collection work with anthropological approach.
Категорії “судова практика” та “судова правотворчість” у сучасній доктрині цивільного процесуального права України
Authors: КУРИЛО МИКОЛА , ЯСИНОК ДМИТРО
Published: January 2021

Останніми роками в наукових колах учених-процесуалістів України точиться жвава наукова дискусія щодо питання: чи є судова практика взагалі та висновки Верховного Суду зокрема джерелом права? Якщо така практика та висновки Верховного Суду як результат судової правотворчості не є джерелом права, то в чому їхня суть із правової точки зору? 15 січня 2020 р. законодавець вніс зміни до Цивільного процесуального кодексу України (ЦПК України), де питання судової практики на тлі обов’язковості постанов Верховного Суду стає критично актуальним, оскільки тепер нам необхідно визначатися, чи ми залишаємося в зоні дії континентального права, де правозастосування здійснюється згідно зі змістом норм права, чи все ж правосуддя у нашій державі прямує до сфери прецедентної англосаксонської сім’ї права, де лише Верховний Суд має можливість виходити за межі горизонту безпосереднього змісту норми права і його висновки (правові позиції) по суті є обов’язковими для нижчестоящих судів. Оскільки судова практика і висновки (правові позиції) Верховного Суду сьогодні значно посилили свій вплив на доказову складову правосуддя, то є необхідність у більш глибокому науковому дослідженні цих концептуальних понять як із доктри нальної, так і процесуально-правової точок зору з метою подальшого розвитку цивільного процесуального права в нашій державі. Метою статті є дослідження теоретико-прикладних аспектів, якими є судова практика та висновки Верховного Суду з точки зору можливостей визнання їх джерелами права та формування на їх основі прецедентного права в Україні. Насамперед ми повинні сказати, що поняття “судова практика” є поняттям загальним, а то і багатопредметним, що зумовило застосування методів системного аналізу та системного підходу до його дослідження як в історичному минулому, так і сьогоденні. Поняття “судова правотворчість” є комплексним поняттям із точки зору нашого дослідження, оскільки воно є одночасно і судовою практикою, і індивідуалізованою правовою позицією Верховного Суду, яка наділена законодавцем імперативністю. Таким чином, ми маємо як загальне, так і конкретне уявлення та розуміння сьогоднішніх тенденцій розвитку цивільного процесуального права.
Правотворча діяльність Костя Левицького з протидії колоніальній політиці Австрійської влади в Галичині
Authors: КІНДЮК БОРИС , СТЕЧИШИН АЛЛА
Published: January 2021

Розвиток сучасної історико-правничої науки потребує нового бачення певних етапів державотворення в Україні, зокрема періоду перебування українських земель у складі Австро-Угорщини, та оцінки політичних і соціальних процесів, що відбувалися в Галичині наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Необхідно розвіяти міф про ліберальний характер австрійського правління на окупованих землях Галичини та розглянути колоніальну політику австрійської влади, яка була спрямована на експлуатацію природних ресурсів, дискримінацію культури, мови, обмеження громадянських прав населення Галичини.
Метою статті є розгляд правотворчої діяльності К. Левицького з протидії колоніаль ній політиці австрійської влади в Галичині.
Виділено характерні риси колоніальної політики, наслідками якої у Галичині стало гальмування розвитку економіки, обмеження прав місцевого населення, включаючи використання української мови, культури, насадження чужої культури та релігії, варварська експлуатація природних ресурсів. Колоніальна політикаавстрій ської влади також призвела до масштабної корупції, що проявилося у судових процесах, пов’язаних із розкраданням мільйонних державних позик на будівництво залізниць у Галичині. Показано, що австрійська влада створила колоніальну систему управління в Галичині та місцеву систему самоврядування, де головну роль відігравали представники польської аристократії та іноземного капіталу.
У своїй депутатській діяльності в австрійському парламенті К. Левицький вніс низку законопроєктів, спрямованих на протидію колоніальній політиці щодо захис ту української мови, економіки, запобігання варварській експлуатації природних ресурсів та зубожіння сільського господарства за допомогою зменшення податків, виділення позик на придбання сільськогосподарської інвентаризації та посівний матеріал, а також безкоштовне надання допомоги при катастрофах. Як член бюджетного комітету парламенту Австрії К. Левицький здійснював контроль за розподілом коштів та їх витрачанням. Одночасно з цим були внесені пропозиції до зміни виборчого законодавства, які передбачали передачу частини повноважень у сфері управління Галицькому сейму та органам місцевого самоврядування.
Effect of speed reading strategy for solving mathematics word problems in English on elementary school students’ learning outcomes and self-confidence
Authors: Ferita Rolina Amriyanti , Noormaliah Noormaliah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan teknik membaca cepat dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematika berbahasa Inggris terhadap hasil belajar dan kepercayaan diri siswa SD. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2020/2021 di salah satu SD swasta kota Banjarbaru, dengan subjek sebanyak 15 siswa Kelas 3. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari skor pretes dan postes hasil jawaban siswa dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 26 melalui uji sampel berpasangan Wilcoxon karena data skor tersebut tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa teknik membaca cepat yang digunakan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan karena kurangnya repetisi dan cara penyampaian materi yang kurang menarik bagi siswa. Akan tetapi, teknik membaca cepat dimungkinkan mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa sehingga siswa lebih yakin dalam menjawab soal cerita tersebut tanpa bantuan terjemahan soalnya meskipun perlu penelitian lebih lanjut.
Sanksi Pidana dalam Teks Naskah Undang-Undang Hukum Laut
Authors: Mahardhika Kholifatu Nurlaili , Kramadibrata Dewaki
Published: January 2021

Abstract

This article explains how to apply criminal sanctions in the text of the Undang-Undang Hukum Laut (UUHL). This study aims to explain the form of regulations contained in the UUHL by looking at the criminal sanctions applied. In addition, this research is expected to provide benefits to overcome marine problems faced today. The research was conducted by means of philology. The analysis is carried out with a legal law approach to see the criminal sanctions contained in the UUHL. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be seen that in the UUHL that the criminal sanctions imposed on people on board vary not only depending on the type of crime, but also on the subject of criminal law. The application of the UUHL law has certain stratifications. For the same crime, criminal offenders of different positions can receive different sentences. This shows that when the UUHL was implemented, there was no principle of equality of rights in effect.

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana penerapan sanksi pidana dalam naskah Undang-Undang Hukum Laut (UUHL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk peraturan yang terkandung dalam UUHL dengan melihat sanksi pidana yang diterapkan. penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat untuk mengatasi masalah kelautan yang dihadapi pada masa kini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara kerja filologi. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan hukum untuk melihat sanksi pidana Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, terlihat bahwa dalam UUHL, sanksi  pidana yang dijatuhkan untuk orang-orang di atas kapal berbeda-beda tidak hanya bergantung kepada jenis pidana, tetapi juga kepada subjek hukum pidana. Penerapan hukum UUHL memiliki stratifikasi tertentu. Atas tindak pidana yang sama, pelaku pidana yang berbeda jabatannya dapat menerima hukuman yang berbeda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada saat UUHL diterapkan, tidak ada azas kesamaan atas hak yang berlaku.
La evolución y características de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el Perú
Authors: Garmendia-Lorena Fausto
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Mostrar la evolución y características de la pandemia del SARS-Cov2 en el Perú del 05 de abril al 30 de setiembre de 2020. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo, en el que se ha consultado y analizado la información del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), Sala Situacional del COVID-19, de las Alertas Epidemiológicas del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, MINSA y de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), en el lapso del 05 de abril al 30 de setiembre de 2020 sobre el desarrollo de la pandemia del SARS-Cov2 en el Perú. Resultados: En ese lapso, se infectaron 818297 personas, fallecieron 32535 y 690528 personas se recuperaron, el índice de letalidad fue 3,34 % y la mortalidad 27,65 por 100,000 habitantes, que ponen al Perú en el segundo lugar entre los países de Suramérica más afectados y cuya incidencia muestra primero un incremento hasta agosto y luego una disminución progresiva. La prevalencia en el territorio nacional es muy heterogénea, es menor en los departamentos de la sierra que en los de la costa y selva, situación que obedece a factores geográficos y sociales. Esta enfermedad ha ocasionado serios problemas de salud, económicos y sociales. Conclusiones: La pandemia de SARS-Cov2 ha ocasionado un grave impacto sobre la salud, social y economía del Perú y demuestra que es un país muy vulnerable ante situaciones de esta naturaleza.
Complicaciones renales secundarias a COVID-19
Authors: Rozas-Olivera Victor Vladimiro
Published: January 2021

Los pacientes tratados con inhibidores o bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) no muestran un riesgo incrementado para la infección con COVID-19 ni de desarrollar un estadio más crítico de la enfermedad. Al momento de ser hospitalizados, los pacientes con COVID-19, en una proporción elevada presentan proteinuria y hematuria. Reportes de Europa y los Estados Unidos muestran que los pacientes con COVID-19, que requieren de cuidados intensivos, presentan una incidencia de injuria renal aguda (IRA) en un porcentaje del 20% al 40%; el inicio de la IRA, tiene una relación temporal con el comienzo de la ventilación mecánica. Los hallazgos patológicos en estos pacientes indican la presencia de necrosis tubular aguda como causa principal de la injuria renal. Aproximadamente el 14% de pacientes con IRA, requiere de terapia de remplazo renal, y están asociados a tasas de mortalidad del 35% al 55%. Ante un incremento súbito de pacientes con COVID-19 e IRA, los sistemas de salud necesitaron de esfuerzos extraordinarios para poder proveer personal médico especializado y de equipos para terapia de diálisis.
COVID-19 y el corazón
Authors: Del-Carpio-Muñoz Freddy
Published: January 2021

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), en menos de un año, ha tenido un impacto descomunal en la salud pública mundial. Se ha reportado más de 35 millones de casos y más de un millón de fallecidos. Se teme que la pandemia no se solucione en el corto o mediano plazo. Luego de la afectación pulmonar, el compromiso cardíaco ha llamado la atención de la comunidad médica. En este breve artículo, se revisará los aspectos más importantes del daño miocárdico en pacientes con COVID-19, los posibles mecanismos, las implicancias pronósticas y, finalmente, el potencial daño cardíaco persistente y las restricciones físicas en los pacientes recuperados de la infección.
Tratamiento farmacológico de COVID-19: Conferencia de la Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS)
Authors: Gonzales-Zamora Jose Armando
Published: January 2021

El tratamiento farmacológico de COVID-19 ha cambiado mucho durante la pandemia. Medicamentos como la hidroxicloroquina dejaron de utilizarse ya que se demostró que carecían de eficacia clínica. Ivermectina, un medicamento empleado mucho en Perú, carece de evidencia científica suficiente que permita su recomendación. A la fecha, el tratamiento de pacientes hospitalizados se basa en Remdesivir y corticoides; y el de pacientes ambulatorios es solo sintomático, no recomendándose tampoco el uso empírico de antibióticos. El uso de Tocilizumab es todavía controversial ya que los resultados de los ensayos clínicos son contradictorias. A pesar de la frecuencia más alta de eventos trombóticos en COVID-19, no se recomienda en la actualidad la anticoagulación terapéutica empírica.
Diabetes Mellitus y Disfunción Endotelial
Authors: Delgado-Butrón César , Delgado-Torres César , Delgado-Torres Leonidas
Published: January 2021

La Disfunción Endotelial (DE) en la diabetes resulta de múltiples factores metabólicos tributarios de la glucotoxicidad, lipotoxicidad, resistencia a la insulina y de la interacción recíproca entre ellos. Hay un número de alteraciones funcionales consiguiente a la DE, como: proliferación de las células endoteliales, anormalidades del flujo y permeabilidad vascular, angiogénesis patológica, disminución de la fibrinolisis y oclusión vascular, incremento de la expresión de genes pro inflamatorios y variados efectos dependientes del aumento de especies de oxígeno reactivo (ROS) y del estrés oxidativo. Estos y otros efectos no bien conocidos, hacen de la DE un componente relevante y clave en la patogénesis de la micro y macrovasculoptía diabética. Las complicaciones microvasculares en la retina, glomérulo y vaso nervorum en la diabetes mellitus, implican función anormal de la célula endotelial, caracterizada por cambios vasculares, producción de factores de crecimiento y citokinas, activación de genes proinflamatorios, depósito de matriz extracelular y otros, lo cual puede ser considerado como la primera etapa de la progresión de la microangiopatía diabética. En cuanto a las complicaciones macrovasculares es importante resaltar que la DE precede a la aterosclerosis.
Derrotando al cáncer. Breve reseña histórica de la oncología médica en el Perú
Authors: Morales-Soto Nelson Raúl
Published: January 2021

Menciona el autor en la Introducción: “En el desarrollo cronológico de la cancerología, hoy denominada oncología, se observan tres etapas para su consolidación. Primero fue la oncología quirúrgica, la única modalidad terapéutica por muchos, años; luego le siguió la oncología radioterápica y, por último, llegó la era de la oncología médica.
Cyclic Reciprocal Sums of Prime Products
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: January 2021

We discuss cyclic reciprocal sums of products of primes that appear in distributions of no-prime (NP) sequences. Formulas and asymptotics for cyclic sums of arbitrary order are obtained, and possible connections with certain fields of physics briefly discussed.
A contribuição da comunicação das universidades em um contexto pandêmico
Authors: Bittencourt Karen dos Santos Correia , Assumpção Douglas Junio Fernandes , Corradi Analaura
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a contribuição da comunicação das universidades no contexto de pandemia do novo coronavírus, tendo como foco de discussão as publicações sobre a Covid-19 nas páginas oficiais do Instagram das quatro universidades federais do estado do Pará: Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (Ufra), Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (Ufopa) e Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa). A metodologia adotada é a netnografia que utiliza dados da internet como objetos de observação e análises interpretativas, colaborando para a coleta de dados nos meses de março, abril e maio de 2020 nas referidas páginas das universidades. Os dados apresentados trazem uma reflexão de que a comunicação promovida pelas universidades federais do estado do Pará tem sido essencial no diálogo com a sociedade e no processo de resistência e de luta no combate à Covid-19.
Abordagens teóricas sobre o engajamento das universidades com a sociedade: contextualização e desenvolvimento
Authors: Colus Flávia Soares de Oliveira , Carneiro Ana Maria
Published: January 2021

As universidades têm sido cada vez mais cobradas em ir além das missões de ensino e pesquisa e se engajar com a sociedade. Seguindo este movimento, nota-se uma evolução dos modelos teóricos. Cada modelo traz em si o contexto de sua criação, tanto em termos de localidade, quanto em temporalidade, pois os debates sobre o engajamento da universidade com a sociedade estão com constante evolução. Este artigo discute a evolução do entendimento sobre o engajamento da universidade com a sociedade a partir de quatro modelos, tendo em conta seus contextos geográficos e temporais. Os modelos analisados são: Universidade Empreendedora (Clark, 1998; Etzkowitz, 1983), Universidade Cívica (Goddard et al., 2016), Universidade Responsável (Sørensen et al., 2019), e a New Flagship University (Douglass, 2016a). Notam-se aspectos comuns, como a importância do engajamento com a economia local/regional, mas percebe-se que cada modelo aborda o engajamento com a sociedade de uma maneira diferente.
Histoplasma capsulatum Glycans From Distinct Genotypes Share Structural and Serological Similarities to Cryptococcus neoformans Glucuronoxylomannan
Authors: Gonçalves Diego de Souza , Rodriguez de La Noval Claudia , Ferreira Marina da Silva , Honorato Leandro , Araújo Glauber Ribeiro de Sousa , Frases Susana , Pizzini Claudia Vera , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Cordero Radames J. B. , Rodrigues Marcio L. , Peralta José Mauro , Nimrichter Leonardo , Guimarães Allan J.
Published: January 2021

The cell wall is a ubiquitous structure in the fungal kingdom, with some features varying depending on the species. Additional external structures can be present, such as the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn), its major virulence factor, mainly composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), with anti-phagocytic and anti-inflammatory properties. The literature shows that other cryptococcal species and even more evolutionarily distant species, such as the Trichosporon asahii, T. mucoides, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis can produce GXM-like polysaccharides displaying serological reactivity to GXM-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and these complex polysaccharides have similar composition and anti-phagocytic properties to cryptococcal GXM. Previously, we demonstrated that the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) incorporates, surface/secreted GXM of Cn and the surface accumulation of the polysaccharide enhances Hc virulence in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we characterized the ability of Hc to produce cellular-attached (C-gly-Hc) and secreted (E-gly) glycans with reactivity to GXM mAbs. These C-gly-Hc are readily incorporated on the surface of acapsular Cn cap59; however, in contrast to Cn GXM, C-gly-Hc had no xylose and glucuronic acid in its composition. Mapping of recognized Cn GXM synthesis/export proteins confirmed the presence of orthologs in the Hc database. Evaluation of C-gly and E-gly of Hc from strains of distinct monophyletic clades showed serological reactivity to GXM mAbs, despite slight differences in their molecular dimensions. These C-gly-Hc and E-gly-Hc also reacted with sera of cryptococcosis patients. In turn, sera from histoplasmosis patients recognized Cn glycans, suggesting immunogenicity and the presence of cross-reacting antibodies. Additionally, C-gly-Hc and E-gly-Hc coated Cn cap59 were more resistant to phagocytosis and macrophage killing. C-gly-Hc and E-gly-Hc coated Cn cap59 were also able to kill larvae of Galleria mellonella. These GXM-like Hc glycans, as well as those produced by other pathogenic fungi, may also be important during host-pathogen interactions, and factors associated with their regulation are potentially important targets for the management of histoplasmosis.
Pre-existing Health Conditions and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume: Potential Risk Factors for Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Wei Zhi-Yao , Qiao Rui , Chen Jian , Huang Ji , Wang Wen-Jun , Yu Hua , Xu Jing , Wu Hui , Wang Chao , Gu Chong-Huai , Li Hong-Jiang , Li Mi , Liu Cong , Yang Jun , Ding Hua-Ming , Lu Min-Jie , Yin Wei-Hua , Wang Yang , Li Kun-Wei , Shi Heng-Feng , Qian Hai-Yan , Yang Wei-Xian , Geng Yong-Jian
Published: January 2021

Background: Myocardial injury is a life-threatening complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pre-existing health conditions and early morphological alterations may precipitate cardiac injury and dysfunction after contracting the virus. The current study aimed at assessing potential risk factors for COVID-19 cardiac complications in patients with pre-existing conditions and imaging predictors.

Methods and Results: The multi-center, retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 400 patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19 in six Chinese hospitals remote to the Wuhan epicenter. Patients were diagnosed with or without the complication of myocardial injury by history and cardiac biomarker Troponin I/T (TnI/T) elevation above the 99th percentile upper reference limit. The majority of COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury exhibited pre-existing health conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary disease. They had increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and more in-hospital adverse events (admission to an intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death). Chest CT scan on admission demonstrated that COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury had higher epicardial adipose tissue volume ([EATV] 139.1 (83.8–195.9) vs. 92.6 (76.2–134.4) cm2; P = 0.036). The optimal EATV cut-off value (137.1 cm2) served as a useful factor for assessing myocardial injury, which yielded sensitivity and specificity of 55.0% (95%CI, 32.0–76.2%) and 77.4% (95%CI, 71.6–82.3%) in adverse cardiac events, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that EATV over 137.1 cm2 was a strong independent predictor for myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 [OR 3.058, (95%CI, 1.032–9.063); P = 0.044].

Conclusions: Augmented EATV on admission chest CT scan, together with the pre-existing health conditions (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) and inflammatory cytokine production, is associated with increased myocardial injury and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Assessment of pre-existing conditions and chest CT scan EATV on admission may provide a threshold point potentially useful for predicting cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.
Vascular Tissue Engineering: Polymers and Methodologies for Small Caliber Vascular Grafts
Authors: Leal Bruna B. J. , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Oyama Kyohei , Kamiya Hiroyuki , Braghirolli Daikelly I. , Pranke Patricia
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. In severe cases, replacement or revascularization using vascular grafts are the treatment options. While several synthetic vascular grafts are clinically used with common approval for medium to large-caliber vessels, autologous vascular grafts are the only options clinically approved for small-caliber revascularizations. Autologous grafts have, however, some limitations in quantity and quality, and cause an invasiveness to patients when harvested. Therefore, the development of small-caliber synthetic vascular grafts (<5 mm) has been urged. Since small-caliber synthetic grafts made from the same materials as middle and large-caliber grafts have poor patency rates due to thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia within the graft, newly innovative methodologies with vascular tissue engineering such as electrospinning, decellularization, lyophilization, and 3D printing, and novel polymers have been developed. This review article represents topics on the methodologies used in the development of scaffold-based vascular grafts and the polymers usedin vitroandin vivo.
Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data for the Density Imaging of the Puy de Dôme Volcano (France)
Authors: Barnoud Anne , Cayol Valérie , Lelièvre Peter G. , Portal Angélie , Labazuy Philippe , Boivin Pierre , Gailler Lydie
Published: January 2021

Imaging the internal structure of volcanoes helps highlighting magma pathways and monitoring potential structural weaknesses. We jointly invert gravimetric and muographic data to determine the most precise image of the 3D density structure of the Puy de Dôme volcano (Chaîne des Puys, France) ever obtained. With rock thickness of up to 1,600 m along the muon lines of sight, it is, to our knowledge, the largest volcano ever imaged by combining muography and gravimetry. The inversion of gravimetric data is an ill-posed problem with a non-unique solution and a sensitivity rapidly decreasing with depth. Muography has the potential to constrain the absolute density of the studied structures but the use of the method is limited by the possible number of acquisition view points, by the long acquisition duration and by the noise contained in the data. To take advantage of both types of data in a joint inversion scheme, we develop a robust method adapted to the specificities of both the gravimetric and muographic data. Our method is based on a Bayesian formalism. It includes a smoothing relying on two regularization parameters (an a priori density standard deviation and an isotropic correlation length) which are automatically determined using a leave one out criterion. This smoothing overcomes artifacts linked to the data acquisition geometry of each dataset. A possible constant density offset between both datasets is also determined by least-squares. The potential of the method is shown using the Puy de Dôme volcano as case study as high quality gravimetric and muographic data are both available. Our results show that the dome is dry and permeable. Thanks to the muographic data, we better delineate a trachytic dense core surrounded by a less dense talus.
Age and Paleoenvironmental Significance of the Frazer Beach Member—A New Lithostratigraphic Unit Overlying the End-Permian Extinction Horizon in the Sydney Basin, Australia
Authors: McLoughlin Stephen , Nicoll Robert S. , Crowley James L. , Vajda Vivi , Mays Chris , Fielding Christopher R. , Frank Tracy D. , Wheeler Alexander , Bocking Malcolm
Published: January 2021

The newly defined Frazer Beach Member of the Moon Island Beach Formation is identified widely across the Sydney Basin in both outcrop and exploration wells. This thin unit was deposited immediately after extinction of the Glossopteris flora (defining the terrestrial end-Permian extinction event). The unit rests conformably on the uppermost Permian coal seam in most places. A distinctive granule-microbreccia bed is locally represented at the base of the member. The unit otherwise consists of dark gray to black siltstone, shale, mudstone and, locally, thin lenses of fine-grained sandstone and tuff. The member represents the topmost unit of the Newcastle Coal Measures and is overlain gradationally by the Dooralong Shale or with a scoured (disconformable) contact by coarse-grained sandstones to conglomerates of the Coal Cliff Sandstone, Munmorah Conglomerate and laterally equivalent units. The member is characterized by a palynological “dead zone” represented by a high proportion of degraded wood fragments, charcoal, amorphous organic matter and fungal spores. Abundant freshwater algal remains and the initial stages of a terrestrial vascular plant recovery flora are represented by low-diversity spore-pollen suites in the upper part of the unit in some areas. These assemblages are referable to the Playfordiaspora crenulata Palynozone interpreted as latest Permian in age on the basis of high precision Chemical Abrasion Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CA-IDTIMS) dating of thin volcanic ash beds within and stratigraphically bracketing the unit. Plant macrofossils recovered from the upper Frazer Beach Member and immediately succeeding strata are dominated by Lepidopteris (Peltaspermaceae) and Voltziopsis (Voltziales) with subsidiary pleuromeian lycopsids, sphenophytes, and ferns. Sparse vertebrate and invertebrate ichnofossils are also represented in the Frazer Beach Member or in beds immediately overlying this unit. The Frazer Beach Member is correlative, in part, with a thin interval of organic-rich mudrocks, commonly known as the “marker mudstone” capping the Permian succession further to the north in the Bowen, Galilee and Cooper basins. The broad geographic distribution of this generally <5-m-thick mudrock unit highlights the development in eastern Gondwana of extensive, short-lived, shallow lacustrine systems with impoverished biotas in alluvial plain settings in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian biotic crisis.
Sarcoidosis: Pitfalls and Challenging Mimickers
Authors: Narula Naureen , Iannuzzi Michael
Published: January 2021

Sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, may mimic other conditions at presentation often resulting in delayed diagnosis. These conditions include infections, neoplasms, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and drug-induced diseases. This review highlights the most common sarcoidosis mimics that often lead to pitfalls in diagnosis and delay in appropriate treatment. Prior to invasive testing and initiating immunosuppressants (commonly corticosteroids), it is important to exclude sarcoid mimickers.
HDAC9 Silencing Exerts Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury via miR-20a-Dependent Downregulation of NeuroD1
Authors: Zhong Liangjun , Yan Jinxiang , Li Haitao , Meng Lei
Published: January 2021

Cerebral stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke includes ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic strokes, of which the incidence of ischemic stroke accounts for 60–70% of the total number of strokes. Existing preclinical evidence suggests that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a promising therapeutic intervention for stroke. In this study, the purpose was to investigate the possible effect of HDAC9 on ischemic brain injury, with the underlying mechanism related to microRNA-20a (miR-20a)/neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) explored. The expression of HDAC9 was first detected in the constructed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-provoked mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell model. Next, primary neuronal apoptosis, expression of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, cleaved caspase3 and bcl-2), LDH leakage rate, as well as the release of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were evaluated by assays of TUNEL, Western blot, and ELISA. The relationships among HDAC9, miR-20a, and NeuroD1 were validated by in silico analysis and ChIP assay. HDAC9 was highly-expressed in MCAO mice and OGD-stimulated cells. Silencing of HDAC9 inhibited neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory factor release in vitro. HDAC9 downregulated miR-20a by enriching in its promoter region, while silencing of HDCA9 promoted miR-20a expression. miR-20a targeted Neurod1 and down-regulated its expression. Silencing of HDAC9 diminished OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory factor release in vitro as well as ischemic brain injury in vivo by regulating the miR-20a/NeuroD1 signaling. Overall, our study revealed that HDAC9 silencing could retard ischemic brain injury through the miR-20a/Neurod1 signaling.
Oral Bacteriotherapy in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Borrazzo Cristian , Pinacchio Claudia , Santinelli Letizia , Innocenti Giuseppe Pietro , Cavallari Eugenio Nelson , Celani Luigi , Marazzato Massimiliano , Alessandri Francesco , Ruberto Franco , Pugliese Francesco , Venditti Mario , Mastroianni Claudio M. , d'Ettorre Gabriella
Published: January 2021

Background: Mounting evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 may impact on host microbiota and gut inflammation, infecting intestinal epithelial cells. This possible link and its implications can be investigated by observing the effects of modulation of the microbial flora in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of mortality, the need of ICU hospitalization and the length of hospitalization in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who received the best available therapy (BAT) vs. patients treated with BAT and supplemented with oral bacteriotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study included 200 adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All patients received therapeutic regimens including low molecular weight heparin plus one or more between hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, antivirals, and Tocilizumab. Oral bacteriotherapy was used as complementary treatment.

Results: Out of the 200 patients, 112 received BAT without oral bacteriotherapy, and 88 BAT with oral bacteriotherapy. Crude mortality was 22%. Eleven percent died in the group of patients treated with BAT plus oral bacteriotherapy vs. 30% subjects in the group of patients managed only with BAT (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, the age >65 years, CRP >41.8 mg/L, Platelets <150.000 mmc, and cardiovascular events were associated with the increased risk of mortality. Oral bacteriotherapy was an independent variable associated with a reduced risk for death. Despite large prospective trials are needed, this study highlights a possible role for oral bacteriotherapy in the management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Association of Caveolin-1 Expression With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Pei , Zhang Yu-ling , Xue Bai , Xu Guo-ying
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The prognostic value of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer remains uncertain. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer, as well as ascertain the relationship between caveolin-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biology Medicine databases were electronically searched to retrieve published studies on caveolin-1 expression in prostate cancer. After study selection and data extraction, the meta-analysis was conducted using Review manager 5.3 software. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the pooled effect. Funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.

Results

A total of ten studies were enrolled, which included 3976 cases of prostate cancer, 72 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and 157 normal controls. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of caveolin-1 expression in prostate cancer was 18.28 times higher than that in normal control (OR= 18.28, 95% CI: 9.02–37.04, p<0.01), and 4.73 times higher than that in HGPIN (OR= 4.73, 95% CI: 2.38–9.42, p<0.01). The relationship between caveolin-1 and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer showed that the differences in caveolin-1 expression in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >10 vs. ≤ 10 (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.35–3.22, p<0.01), differentiation degree low vs. medium/high (OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.84–4.08, p<0.01), TNM stage T3+T4 vs. T1+T2 (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.78–4.29, p<0.01), and lymph node metastasis present vs. absent (OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.84–3.69, p<0.01) were statistically significant. The correlation analysis between caveolin-1 and the survival time of patients with prostate cancer demonstrated that caveolin-1 was closely related to the prognosis of prostate cancer patients (HR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.28–1.76, p<0.01).

Conclusion

Caveolin-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer, which can serve as a risk factor and adverse clinicopathological feature of prostate cancer. Caveolin-1 can also predict poor survival in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.
Post-Operative Complications and Nipple Necrosis Rates Between Conventional and Robotic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Lee Jeea , Park Hyung Seok , Lee Haemin , Lee Dong Won , Song Seung Yong , Lew Dae Hyun , Kim Jee Ye , Park Seho , Kim Seung Il
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This study is to directly compare surgical outcomes between conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy (CNSM) and robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM).

Materials and Method

For this case–control study, 369 cases of 333 patients who underwent CNSM or RNSM with immediate reconstruction between November 2016 and January 2019 at Severance Hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea were reviewed. Patients with stage IV breast cancer (n = 1), receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 43), or subjected to previous operations (n = 14) or radiotherapy on the breasts were excluded. The main outcomes were comparing rates of post-operative complications, of high-grade post-operative complications as defined by the Clavien-Dindo classification, and nipple necrosis between the CNSM and the RNSM groups.

Results

A total of 311 cases, including 270 CNSMs and 41 RNSMs, were analyzed. The rates of post-operative nipple necrosis (p = 0.026, 2.4 vs. 15.2%) and of high-grade post-operative complications (p = 0.031, 34.8 vs. 17.1%) in the RNSM group were significantly lower than those in the CNSM group.

Conclusion

RNSM was associated with lower rates of high-grade post-operative complications and nipple necrosis than CNSM for patients with small breast volumes and less ptotic breasts.
Triptolide Attenuates Vascular Calcification by Upregulating Expression of miRNA-204
Authors: Pei Yu-qiang , Zheng Yong-qiu , Ding Yao-dong , Xu Qi-xiang , Cao Di , Wu Ya-ning , Wang Rui , Yang Jia-xin , Liang Jing , Ma Qian , Ge Hai-long
Published: January 2021

Background: Triptolide (TP), a naturally derived compound from Tripterygium wilfordii, has been proven effective in protecting against cardiovascular system, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its protective effects are poorly understood. In the current study, we sought to test the potential protective role of TP in the regulation of vascular calcification in a rat model and explore whether TP attenuates medial vascular calcification by upregulating miRNA-204.

Methods: Vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) was used to induce a vascular calcification (VC) model of rat aorta. Von Kossa and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining were applied to assess the degree of calcification of rat aortas. Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to quantify miRNA-204 expression. The localization of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.

Results: Administration of TP greatly reduced vascular calcification in a dose-dependent manner compared with VC controls. The increase in ALP activity and calcium content was ameliorated by TP. Moreover, protein expression levels of BMP2 and RUNX2 were significantly reduced in calcified aortas. MiRNA-204 expression was increased in the TP-treated groups compared with VC controls and the effects of TP were reversed by the intravenous injection of miRNA-204-interfering lentivirus. However, the miRNA-204-overexpressing lentivirus had no additional effects on ALP activity, calcium content, BMP2 and RUNX2 expressions compared with those from TP group.

Conclusion: TP inhibited BMP2 and RUNX2 expression and attenuated vascular calcification via upregulating the level of miRNA-204. TP appears to be a potential new therapeutic option for treating vascular calcification.
The Impact of Functional Overreaching on Post-exercise Parasympathetic Reactivation in Runners
Authors: Bellenger Clint R. , Thomson Rebecca L. , Davison Kade , Robertson Eileen Y. , Buckley Jonathan D.
Published: January 2021

While post-exercise heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) has been shown to increase in response to training leading to improvements in performance, the effect of training leading to decrements in performance (i.e., overreaching) on this parameter has been largely ignored. This study evaluated the effect of heavy training leading to performance decrements on sub-maximal post-exercise HRV. Running performance [5 km treadmill time-trial (5TTT)], post-exercise HRV [root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals (RMSSD)] and measures of subjective training tolerance (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes “worse than normal” scores) were assessed in 11 male runners following 1 week of light training (LT), 2 weeks of heavy training (HT) and a 10 day taper (T). Post-exercise RMSSD was assessed following 5 min of running exercise at an individualised speed eliciting 85% of peak HR. Time to complete 5TTT likely increased following HT (ES = 0.14 ± 0.03; p < 0.001), and then almost certainly decreased following T (ES = −0.30 ± 0.07; p < 0.001). Subjective training tolerance worsened after HT (ES = −2.54 ± 0.62; p = 0.001) and improved after T (ES = 2.16 ± 0.64; p = 0.004). In comparison to LT, post-exercise RMSSD likely increased at HT (ES = 0.65 ± 0.55; p = 0.06), and likely decreased at T (ES = −0.69 ± 0.45; p = 0.02). A moderate within-subject correlation was found between 5TTT and post-exercise RMSSD (r = 0.47 ± 0.36; p = 0.03). Increased post-exercise RMSSD following HT demonstrated heightened post-exercise parasympathetic modulation in functionally overreached athletes. Heightened post-exercise RMSSD in this context appears paradoxical given this parameter also increases in response to improvements in performance. Thus, additional measures such as subjective training tolerance are required to interpret changes in post-exercise RMSSD.
TaLAMP1 Plays Key Roles in Plant Architecture and Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat
Authors: Shi Ji , Tong Yiping
Published: January 2021

Understanding the molecular mechanisms in wheat response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer will help us to breed wheat varieties with improved yield and N use efficiency. Here, we cloned TaLAMP1-3A, -3B, and -3D, which were upregulated in roots and shoots of wheat by low N availability. In a hydroponic culture, lateral root length and N uptake were decreased in both overexpression and knockdown of TaLAMP1 at the seedling stage. In the field experiment with normal N supply, the grain yield of overexpression of TaLAMP1-3B is significantly reduced (14.5%), and the knockdown of TaLAMP1 was significantly reduced (15.5%). The grain number per spike of overexpression of TaLAMP1-3B was significantly increased (7.2%), but the spike number was significantly reduced (19.2%) compared with wild type (WT), although the grain number per spike of knockdown of TaLAMP1 was significantly decreased (15.3%), with no difference in the spike number compared with WT. Combined with the agronomic data from the field experiment of normal N and low N, both overexpression and knockdown of TaLAMP1 inhibited yield response to N fertilizer. Overexpressing TaLAMP1-3B greatly increased grain N concentration with no significant detrimental effect on grain yield under low N conditions; TaLAMP1-3 B is therefore valuable in engineering wheat for low input agriculture. These results suggested that TaLAMP1 is critical for wheat adaptation to N availability and in shaping plant architecture by regulating spike number per plant and grain number per spike. Optimizing TaLAMP1 expression may facilitate wheat breeding with improved yield, grain N concentration, and yield responses to N fertilizer.
Plasticity of the Cuticular Transpiration Barrier in Response to Water Shortage and Resupply in Camellia sinensis: A Role of Cuticular Waxes
Authors: Zhang Yi , Du Zhenghua , Han Yanting , Chen Xiaobing , Kong Xiangrui , Sun Weijiang , Chen Changsong , Chen Mingjie
Published: January 2021

The cuticle is regarded as a non-living tissue; it remains unknown whether the cuticle could be reversibly modified and what are the potential mechanisms. In this study, three tea germplasms (Wuniuzao, 0202-10, and 0306A) were subjected to water deprivation followed by rehydration. The epicuticular waxes and intracuticular waxes from both leaf surfaces were quantified from the mature 5th leaf. Cuticular transpiration rates were then measured from leaf drying curves, and the correlations between cuticular transpiration rates and cuticular wax coverage were analyzed. We found that the cuticular transpiration barriers were reinforced by drought and reversed by rehydration treatment; the initial weak cuticular transpiration barriers were preferentially reinforced by drought stress, while the original major cuticular transpiration barriers were either strengthened or unaltered. Correlation analysis suggests that cuticle modifications could be realized by selective deposition of specific wax compounds into individual cuticular compartments through multiple mechanisms, including in vivo wax synthesis or transport, dynamic phase separation between epicuticular waxes and the intracuticular waxes, in vitro polymerization, and retro transportation into epidermal cell wall or protoplast for further transformation. Our data suggest that modifications of a limited set of specific wax components from individual cuticular compartments are sufficient to alter cuticular transpiration barrier properties.