bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood hydrograph simulation to estimate peak discharge in Ciliwung river basin
Authors: Pratama M I , Rohmat F I W , Farid M , Adityawan M B , Kuntoro A A , Moe I R
Published: April 2021

Ciliwung River Basin is one of 13 watersheds located in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), one of the most vulnerable cities facing flood disaster. Modeling hydrographs in a flood computer model is a crucial process in understanding the hydraulic processes in floods; however, more often than have adequately not studied watersheds do not available observed data. Well-calibrated hydrographs serve as the basis for a basin-wide flood model. In this study, the Snyder, ITB, and SCS Unit Hydrograph are constructed in the study case of flooding in the Ciliwung River Basin, with West Java rainfall distribution method and Alternating Block Method as the adopted rainfall distributions, providing six combinations of approaches. Calibration and validation analysis show a combination of West Java rainfall distribution and SCS UH with a lag time of 5.5 gives the smallest deviation, with an accuracy of 83.3%, therefore it is recommended for use to estimate design future flood hydrograph.
The effect of dem resolution on calculation of erosion in Batang Kuranji watershed
Authors: Herdianto R , Syofyan E R , Istijono B
Published: April 2021

Batang Kuranji Watershed with a total area of Watershed 224.7 km2 comprises Batang Sungai Sapiah Sub-watershed, Batang Danau Limau Manih Sub-watershed, Batang Sungkai Sub-watershed, Batang Bukik Tindawan Sub-watershed and Batang Padang Janiah Sub-watershed. Batang Kuranji flows from upstream of the Bukit Barisan with the highest elevation of 1,605 meters above sea level at the peak of Bukit Tinjau Laut and empties into the Padang beach with a main river length of ± 32.41 km. DEM has an influence on the results of land erosion by affecting the slope accuracy. The higher the DEM resolution, the more precise the results of the soil erosion simulation. With the MUSLE method the rate of erosion occurs in the Batang Kuranji watershed, with DEM data of 8m and land cover in 2017, an erosion rate of 23.91 tons / hectare / year is classified in hazard class II (light), DEM data of 30m erosion rate is 7. 70 tons / hectare / year are classified in hazard class I (very mild), with DEM data of 90m erosion rate of 4.54 tons / hectare / year classified in hazard I class (very light). It can be seen that the higher the DEM resolution, the more accurate the erosion rate calculation in the watershed.
The bayesian model of Covid-19 case fatality rate proportion on provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Devianto D , Afifah A N , Febrianti I K
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has spread to all parts of Indonesia with different case fatality rates (CFR) between regions. The estimating parameter of the proportion of people who die compared to the number of people who test positive for coronavirus (parameter of CFR) can be determined using the Bayesian method approach. The estimation parameter of CFR is performed by using prior beta distribution, and the results have good performance with a high degree of accuracy. The choice of Bayesian model that can be built is a fixed effect model where the proportion of case deaths in each province is assumed to be mutually independent. Still, the movement of people between regions continues to occur so that a random effect model is more rational to be applied where the proportion of case deaths for each province is assumed to be the same as estimating parameter of CFR which is smaller than the current condition of Indonesia. The estimation parameter results of the CFR parameters are expected to be achieved by the Indonesian government by implementing Covid-19 controls system for each province as a mitigation diseases strategy.
Utilization of volcanic ashes for geopolymer based on alkaline activator and solid-liquid ratio
Authors: Ilham D J , Anggarini U , Juniarti J , Fiantis D
Published: April 2021

The volcanic ashes are an abundant natural resource in Indonesia, but they are still little is used optimally, such as geopolymer raw material. Geopolymers are a class of inorganic polymer that be able by the reaction of an aluminosilicate material with an alkaline solution. The research aims to investigate the synthesis of geopolymers using two types of volcanic ash (Mt. Merapi and Mt. Sinabung). The synthesis of geopolymer was carried out at variation of solid/liquid ratio at 65% : 35% and 70% : 30%, with two alkaline solutions (NaOH and KOH) under different alkaline concentration (8, 9, and 12 M). A multi-analytical approach is proposed: chemical (XRF) and spectroscopic (FT-IR) analyses. The Results showed that geopolymer is influenced by volcanic ash-type and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Geopolymers are formed when volcanic ash of Sinabung mix with NaOH 10 NaOH with ratio of 65% : 35%, and the polymers are relatively stable. The FTIR spectra of the synthesized geopolymers showed broad absorbance bands, between wave 972-962 cm−1 and 931-976 cm−1 assigned to the internal vibrations of Si–O–Si, and Si–O–Al respectively. Both volcanic ash materials from the Merapi and Sinabung volcanoes can be utilized for making geopolymer, suitable for both engineering and agriculture applications.
Early detection of the distribution of heat stress hazards for sustainable land use planning In Padang City
Authors: Driptufany D M , Fajrin
Published: April 2021

The focus of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of heat hazards caused by urban heat island (UHI) events over a 10-year observation period. Land surface temperature in 2007 is extracted from Landsat 7 ETM + to convert the value of Digital Number (DN) on the band 6 into radiance. Land surface temperatures in 2013 and 2017 were extracted from Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS imagery with the initial step of the Digital Number (DN) band 10 being converted to spectral radiance. As for the analysis of the heat stress hazard area is done by connecting the land surface temperature with the Universal Thermal Climate Index value. The Universal Thermal Climate Index from 2007 to 2017 shows that the city’s heat stress is increasing every year in observation, where in 2007 the heat stress was in the range of moderate heat stress (2,960.87 Ha). Whereas for 2013 the heat stress increased to strong heat stress reaching 34.35 ° C with an area of 77.50 Ha. In contrast to 2013, in 2017 strong heat stress increased significantly to 2,100.81 Ha where heat stress reached a peak of 35.92ºC which is spread in almost all districts with concentrations close to the city center in addition to dense residential areas as well seen in industrial areas (semen padang), this change is in line with the development of the city area.
Geospatial analysis in managing medical facilities for combating disaster triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Usman F , Hamim S A , Gumano H N , Jamil F
Published: April 2021

A new virus emerged, which initially called Novel Corona Virus 2019 and later officially named Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19. The COVID-19 spread globally in less than a year since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, as the epicenter. The pandemic was beginning at the end of December 2019, and the World Health Organization just announced as a pandemic in early March 2020. With extremely fast commuting people, the spread of the contagious virus tremendously fast. The world was not ready to face this unprecedented situation. This paper presents an effort to fight the Covid-19 pandemic in Palembang City, the capital of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study utilized information provided by the authority and convert it into geospatial data. Daily based data has been captured by providing tools for the enforcements to collect the data for monitoring purposes as well. The Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered (SIR) model is used in this study to determine the need for medical facility demand and map the dispersion of parameters in elevating infectious diseases. The SIR model is used to determine the effect of social distancing in the community to flatten the curve. The local parameters were used in the lowest administrative boundary of the district. Predictive demand for referred medical facilities can be delineated. From this study, the predicted peak of infected cases has a good agreement with the actual total cases. The result of the analysis can be used to manage the medical facilities to accommodate the demand.
Knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders towards nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia: expectation and reality – ICDM 2020
Authors: Widana IDK K , Apriliani D , Maarif S , Adri K
Published: April 2021

The Utilization of nuclear technology has an inherent risk due to its radiation hazards that may trigger nuclear technology failure disasters. The government agency designated for coordinating disasters management activities in Indonesia is BNPB. As knowledge on nuclear hazards will influence attitudes and concerns for preparedness towards nuclear disaster, the research aimed to analyse the knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders towards nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia. A case study qualitative method was used to explore and analyse the knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders towards nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia. The research used knowledge and attitudes indicators for dealing with nuclear disaster threat derived from the natural disaster preparedness parameters, developed by LIPI-UNESCO / ISDR (2006), and the nuclear emergency preparedness requirements, develop by the IAEA (2015). In general, the results showed that the knowledge and attitudes of the BNPB leaders are sufficient (56.25%). While knowledge of causes, potential, types of events that may trigger nuclear disaster is sufficient, on the other hand, the attitudes towards nuclear disaster risk is still deficient. Thus, increasing the knowledge and attitudes on nuclear disaster threat, there is a need BNPB to enhance its role as the disaster coordinator to include coordination of exchange of information and knowledge of nuclear hazards with other related ministries/ agencies, such as BAPETEN and BATAN, into its program.
Causal structure framework of man-made disaster in construction
Authors: Suraji A
Published: April 2021

Construction accident is a man-made disaster. Causal factors of a construction accident could lie dormant at the project conception, design, and construction stage. Investigating the causal factors is, therefore, inadequate if directed only to operative errors, and the contractor’s management or organisation failures. A systematic investigation should also cover management or organisational failures initiated by the designer, the client’s team, and the client. This would lead to the need for a practical method of the accident investigation by which the operational errors, and management or organisational failures can be revealed comprehensively. This paper presents a constraint-response analysis of causation of construction accidents (CRACCA). It is a model illustrating a generic network of factors in construction accident causation. CRACCA proposes that construction accident causation consist of (1) accident events, (2) proximal factors, and (3) distal factors. The accident events represent accident occurrences and their consequences; the proximal factors represent deficiencies of the construction process; whilst the distal factors represent precursors generating the proximal factors. Both the proximal and distal factors are considered as factors stimulating the increased risk of construction accident. The distal factors are characterised as constraints applied to, and responses by, participants in the construction project. These constraints and responses constitute management actions taken by clients, the client’s team, the designers or the builders. In this way, the model will assist investigators to structure more readily the causal factors, and determine potential or predominant factors leading to construction accidents. In this paper, the constraint-response theory is briefly described. The generic structure of the causal network is presented. The default features of the model are introduced. The paper also illustrates procedures using CRACCA.
Financial performance and impacts of village fund on post disaster rural economic development in Pidie Jaya-Indonesia
Authors: Iqbal R M , Nugroho A , Fajri  , Martiastuti H I , Nonita L , Fadhiela K
Published: April 2021

Village Fund is a tremendous budget decentralization scheme in Indonesia. The program has been showing its impacts, particularly in public infrastructure revitalization in rural areas since 2015. This study aims to examine the performance of Village Funds and their impacts on post-disaster economic re-developments. The descriptive statistic analysis was applied to secondary data derived from the 2015-2019 financial reports of 19 villages in Pidie Jaya (Aceh-Indonesia). This study shows that performance in terms of economic output is very poor. The Village Fund failed to generate the Original Village Income through the establishment of the Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).
Women empowerment in post- disaster recovery after 2018 tsunami in Sumur Regency Pandeglang District
Authors: Rahmatika N I , Sakti S K , Boediarto A
Published: April 2021

The Sunda Strait Tsunami that occurred on December 22, 2018 in Pandeglang District resulted in 296 people died, 675 injured, 3,553 people displaced and damaged homes, infrastructure and public and social facilities. Community empowerment is an effort for sustainable disaster management as the community is part of the triple hellix in disaster management. Women are one of the vulnerable groups in a state of disaster but can be a resource in disaster management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the women empowerment and to the post- 2018 Tsunami in Sumur Regency Pandeglang district and its impacts to the disaster recovery process. The qualitative method is used in this research from the primary and secondary databases. For the purposes of this study, the primary data were gathered through face-to-face interviews from the subjects of research who were chosen based on purposive sampling and snowball methods. The result shows that women had taken part in the Pandeglang post-tsunami recovery. Sumur district as the largest affected Tsunami in Pandeglang where many families lost their houses and now living in temporary housing provide many programs related to women empowerment. Women empowerment helped Tsunami survivors in psychosocial and economic recovery. Providing assistance to women helped to recover from Post-Tsunami trauma and have a better live.
Behaviour of T layout structures with and without dilatation
Authors: Sunaryati J , Nidiasari  , Efendi M Z
Published: April 2021

Horizontal asymmetries in buildings can cause the building to experience torsion when receiving lateral loads where the earthquake load is one of the lateral loads. In this study, analyses of structures that have horizontal asymmetry is carried out in the form of structures with a T layout. To eliminate the torsional effect on buildings due to earthquake loads, the structures are dilated so that the structures are analyzed into two buildings with the purpose of they become two symmetrical buildings (Models 2 and 3). Time history response analysis was performed to assess whether there was an impact on the structural elements around the dilatation. The most significant result in model 1 is when the first mode of the structure rotates. Meanwhile, after being given dilatation, the two separate structures have moved in translation in mode 1 and 2. The deviation between floors in each model does not exceed the allowable deviation between floors. The building experienced pounding at 21.63 seconds, but this can be overcome by the separation of the structure (dilatation). The planned dilation distance is 70 mm.
Changes in Anak Krakatau landscape after December 2018 eruption
Authors: Ginting F I , Gusnidar  , Nelson M , Rudiyanto  , Minasny B , Fiantis D
Published: April 2021

The south-western slope of Anak Krakatau collapsed after the eruption on December 22nd, 2018 and reshaped the volcanic island landscape. This work focused on determining the geomorphological features of Mt. Anak Krakatau before and after the eruption. A total of 71 lapilli and 17 volcanic ash samples were collected from Anak Krakatau and Panjang islands on February 23, 2019, and March 14, 2019. Sentinel-2 and Planet Scope images were utilized to monitor thermal activities and the changes of the coastlines. Google Earth Pro was capitalized to determine the rills and gullies formation. After the December 2018 eruption, the height of Anak Krakatau was reduced from 258 to 126 m and, about 76 x 106 m3 of materials were eroded to the sea. The eruption caused Anak Krakatau to be covered by unconsolidated volcanic materials. About 214 of rills (dimension of 380 to 851 m and 30 to 100 cm) and 35 of the gully features (length from 150 to 841 m and width from 0.5 to 13 m) run from the highest peak to the coastline. This work can serve as a reference for predicting potentially disastrous events such as Anak Krakatau, which shows growth and destruction can be observed using remote sensing techniques.
Prediction of jet grouting diameter in Swedish soil conditions
Authors: Brinck Mårten , Stigenius Karl , Beijer Lundberg Anders
Published: April 2021

Soil improvement by jet grouting has been used extensively in continental Europe and Japan, and its use has gradually increased in Scandinavia. The most frequent practical use of Jet Grouting in Sweden is water sealing of sheet pile wall excavations. In this application the diameter of the jet grouted columns governs the design, and the mechanical properties of the columns are of less importance. The existing methods for estimation of jet grouted column diameter have been developed in geological conditions in continental Europe and Japan, which are significantly different from the soil stratas normally encountered in Sweden. To assess the applicability of these methods for Jet Grouting in Swedish soil conditions, the current article provides a description of these methods as well as the Swedish geology in which jet grouting is commonly executed. The resulting predicted diameters from such methods are then examined for three different case studies in the Stockholm region in Eastern Sweden, and the design diameters of the columns are given. The applicability of the current methods is elaborated and the consequences for practical design is discussed. The work concludes that none of the two examined methods can be used by themselves in Swedish soil conditions but need to be supplemented with tests at site.
City planning of Hermanninranta – A combination of geotechnics, contamination, and climate change
Authors: Forsman J , Paatsema M , Järvinen K , Laaksonen S
Published: April 2021

The Hermanninranta area presents one of the most geotechnically challenging urban planning areas in the City of Helsinki. The area located on the shore of Vanhankaupunginlahti (Old City Bay) is approx. 50 ha in size. Most of the area is reclaimed from the sea and only Kyläsaari island is a natural formation. Land reclamation in the area was performed in various stages between the 1840s to the 1980s. Natural very soft clay layers encountered in the area extend to a depth of over 40 m below ground surface. Today, the proximity to the city centre makes Hermanninranta very attractive for residential and commercial construction. Thick fill containing contaminated soil, slag and ash on top of soft deep clay, are a challenging combination. Variable fills have caused the settlement of soft clays and the displacement of the embankment towards the bay. Changing current land use for residential purposes will require changing of current ground surface elevation to approximately 2 to 2,5 m upward. This will be an issue impacting geotechnical engineering. Rising sea level caused by global warming shall also be considered. Settlement calculations show that within the next hundred years almost half of the area will be under water in case of no pile slab or soil improvement. The draft city plan has been updated based on these geotechnical, environmental and climate change studies.
Comparison between hydrometer and laser diffraction methods in the determination of clay content in fine-grained soils
Authors: Lopez A , Gustavsson H , Korkiala-Tanttu L
Published: April 2021

Clay content is the main characterizing parameter when classifying fine-grained soils. Hydrometer method (HD) is commonly used in geotechnics to obtain the grain size distribution properties of fine-grained soils. However, this test is laborious and time consuming as compared to alternative methods such as laser diffraction (LD). In this study, a comparison between the results for clay content of 19 samples from different locations in Finland using HD and LD methods was carried out aiming at obtaining a mathematical expression that allows to transform LD measurements into HD results. The results were statistically compared showing significant differences between the results of these two techniques and underestimation of the clay content by the LD method was observed. Based on the results, the reliability of the laser method in the determination of clay content is discussed.
Measurement uncertainty of the fall cone (FC) test
Authors: Knuuti M , Länsivaara T
Published: April 2021

The most common method to determine liquid limit, sensitivity and undrained shear strength of clay in Nordic countries is to use fall cone test (FC). However, all these properties include some uncertainty arising from different sources e.g. the geological conditions, test procedure and sample disturbance. In this study, the measurement uncertainty of the fall cone test was analysed. The parameters of interest were the penetration depth of the cone and the interpreted intact undrained shear strength. The test set consisted of high-quality block samples (d=132mm) collected from six different depths at soft clay site in Finland. The diameter of the samples made it possible to perform four parallel fall cone tests per depth, so total of 24 fall cone tests were done. The calculated COV-values for each parameter at each depth were between 0.02 and 0.08, thus indicating very low measurement uncertainty. These values also included the inherent variability of the soil. Overall, the results showed that the fall cone test is reliable method for determining the intact undrained shear strength, if the test is done with care.
Strength and stiffness properties of stonewool used as cloudburst reservoir under roads
Authors: Trads Niels , Katić Nataša
Published: April 2021

With the climate change, Copenhagen has seen an increase in cloudbursts. During the cloudbursts, sewer systems overflow and result in flooded basements and overspill of untreated water into the harbour. A solution to the limited capacity is to make cloudbursts reservoirs to delay the rain water filling the sewer system. At Langelands Plads in Copenhagen, a reservoir has been established using the stonewool product Rockflow. The Rockflow is installed under two roads and a space used for recreational purposes. Based on monotonic and cyclic laboratory tests, material parameters and appropriate numerical model for the anisotropic material were established. In-situ measurements of the stiffness during and after installation at Langelands Plads consisted of plate load tests and falling weight deflectometer tests together with rutting measurements. The in-situ measurements were statistically processed and back-analysed to confirm the initial material parameters and model. Further, the in-situ measurements are ongoing at appropriate intervals to monitor the performance of the road.
Railway embankment behaviour due to increased axle loads - A numerical study
Authors: Do Tan , Gunnvard Per , Mattsson Hans , Laue Jan
Published: April 2021

Due to an increase in axle loads, the development of excess pore water pressure and settlement in a railway track foundation of fine-grained subgrade soil can be observed. A thorough understanding of the mechanism of development of excess pore water pressure is essential for understanding the development of settlements and the design of potential ground improvement. In this paper, a three dimensional numerical study is presented, which investigates the effects of an increase in axle loads of trains on both excess pore water pressure and settlement. Special attention is given to a soft soil layer beneath the embankment and the influence of ground improvement (deep soil mixing columns). As a result, an increase in axle loads leads to a considerable increase in both excess pore pressures and settlement in the subgrade layer. This increase is more significant in the case of heavy axle load (32.5 tons) than that of the light axle load (16 tons). In addition, cyclic loading can lead to a considerable increase in both vertical displacements and excess pore water pressure. The use of deep soil mixing columns reduces excess pore water pressures and settlements significantly.
DSHANSEP: Alternative considerations of the SHANSEP approach
Authors: Tsegaye A B , Gylland A , Degago S A , Gloppestad J S , Montafia A
Published: April 2021

Since it was first proposed by Ladd and Foott in 1974, the SHANSEP approach has become a quite useful and convenient approach for the evaluation of the undrained shear strength of clay soils in-situ. SHANSEP is commonly practiced with determination of its parameters using various correlations based on consistency limits. While seemingly handy, such correlations hide some details of the behaviour of clayey soils that are useful for engineering judgement. In this article, an alternative way of looking at the SHANSEP method is presented by examining an integrated framework for strength behaviour of clays. This resulted in a new approach called DSHANSEP, where the D represents the so-called “dilatancy parameter” which measures changes in pore pressure due to changes in shear stresses during undrained loading. The resulting association with dilatancy is logical as this parameter reflects failure mechanisms of the clays which is integral aspect of the undrained shear strength of clays. The implication of this relation is explored by looking at its dependence on the overconsolidation ratio, the mobilized stress ratio and sample quality. Furthermore, a formalized system of classification for clays based on the dilatancy parameter and their overconsolidation ratio is proposed and applied for Norwegian clays along with suggested parameters. Use of DSHANSEP and the proposed classifications are in line with the safety philosophy adopted for stability of slopes involving soft clays in Norway.
Dualism of geology and geotechnical engineering: two parallel approaches to define lake water infiltration into an interlobate esker
Authors: Mansikkamäki J , Hyvönen A , Putkinen N , Kallio H
Published: April 2021

This case study is a modern example of how geologists and engineers have worked together to reconcile groundwater abstraction from the Pispalanharju aquifer and urban planning of the shore of Lake Näsijärvi in the vicinity of the Hyhky pumping station, located in the Tampere region of southern Finland. The authorities have been concerned about the potential impact of urban development on the important aquifer system to which the lake shore region is possibly connected. Before the study, it was estimated by the authorities that the infiltration rate into the esker from Lake Näsijärvi could be up to 1000 m3/day, forming a significant source of groundwater. Two parallel studies were conducted to examine water infiltration from the lake to the esker. The effects of a proposed land reclamation project on the shore of Lake Näsijärvi were modeled with the finite element code Plaxis 2D. Coupled analysis was conducted to analyze both the flow conditions and deformations in these conditions caused by the fill. An essential part of the geotechnical modeling was the creation of the present state of the shore complex, which already includes manmade fills and structures and a low permeability lake bottom next to the esker. Combining observations with geological and geotechnical data was highly important in the task. The amount of water flow to the esker was estimated from the analysis, and the values were compared with the results of hydrogeological analysis. For the hydrogeological studies, thousands of soil investigations were interpreted by different methods to fit a geological concept that formed the basis of geological cross-section construction work (2.5D), which was then used for groundwater flow modeling by GMS. Both GMS and Plaxis modeling simulations predicted that, due to the low conductance of silt and clay materials found on the shore of Lake Näsijärvi, the amount of water infiltrating in the direction of the esker is very limited, being only 60 to 155 m3/day. Hence, the dualism of hydrogeology and geotechnical engineering hypothesized in this case study was confirmed by modeling results.
Permanent uplift Anchors in Copenhagen Limestone
Authors: Roesen Bjørn Staghøj , Trankjær Helle
Published: April 2021

On the former Postal Service Centre parcel in central Copenhagen a new urban area of 200,000 m2 is under construction, which accommodates service and retail trade, as well as apartments for housing. Below ground a parking basement in two levels is established with excavation to 8 m below ground level, corresponding to approximately 8 m below the design ground water level. To resist the uplift forces on the basement approximately 950 vertical ground anchors were needed. Because of the large number of ground anchors an initial test programme has been performed with the goal of minimizing the overall costs and to ensure a robust anchor project. The test programme consisted of 23 investigation tests on vertical ground anchors with varying anchor bond length, where the aim was to obtain failure in the interface between the grout and the limestone. All test anchors were installed with the anchor bond length in the Copenhagen Limestone. This paper describes the geology of the area, the concept for the preliminary anchor design, the test programme, and the results and conclusions. Furthermore, a description of the design and installation of the production anchors. The test programme showed that the anchor bond length could be reduced to (at least) 4 m for resisting a design anchor load of 1250 kN, corresponding to a measured shear resistance more than 70% greater than initially presumed. Based on this the production anchors were installed and tested by suitability and acceptance tests according to DS 1537, and all anchors passed the test.
A New Earth Reinforcement by “Panel and Nail” for Slope Protection in Cold Region
Authors: Ono T , Nishio N , Naganuma A , Muto H , Kiriyama K
Published: April 2021

Newly developed earth reinforcement for slope protection was applied in cold region. The reinforcement by this method is making use of precast concrete panels with insulation and anchor nails. The precast concrete panel is economical, of high quality, durable for weathering, earthquake-resistant and of good appearance, which contribute shortening construction period and less life cycle cost. We can construct for nearly vertical slope by placing panels downward from top of slope at the same time of slope cutting, and for reinforcing of existing retaining wall by simply covering and nailing as well. Practical case of design and construction is explained, and measurement results of temperatures, forces at anchor head during cold season are shown to ensure the protection. Especially concrete panels are designed with insulation for low temperature, and the result of thermal analysis and field measurement shows the insulation works well to stop freezing front going into ground.
Carbon trading system as a climate mitigation scheme: why Indonesia should adopt it?
Authors: Rachmaniar A , Supriyadi A P , Pradana H , Mustriadhi
Published: April 2021

Peatland fires and deforestation are prominent environmental issues in Indonesia due to industrial and plantation activities. The Indonesian government is pressured to take mitigation measures to overcome the issue since there are legal obligations to do so. One of the climate mitigation strategies is by establishing a carbon market in which the entities will be assigned certain ‘permits’ on how much greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions can be emitted, and when they have exceeded their ‘permits’, they are allowed to buy ‘extra permits’ from the other entities who still have the spare. This market has been adopted by the European Union (EU) and other countries in Asia. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce the carbon market concept by taking into account its implementation in the EU, as well as analyse how the market can become one of the climate mitigation policies in Indonesia. The research uses a doctrinal methodology that involves an in-depth legal analysis of the regulatory framework related to the issue. The authors found that the market will enhance the REDD+ Project and projected to bring revenues. However, there are challenges due to the absence of technology and the number of stakeholders involved.
Combination of machine learning model (LR-FR) for flash flood susceptibility assessment in Dawuan Sub watershed Mojokerto Regency, East Java
Authors: Irawan L Y , Sumarmi  , Panoto D , Nabila  , Pradana I H , Darmansyah A C
Published: April 2021

The Dawuan Sub-watershed in Mojokerto Regency is a prone area to floods. There were flash floods in this area in 2002 and 2019, which caused casualties and property losses. As one of the mitigation efforts, this study aims to map a flash flood’s susceptibility using the LR-FR combination machine learning technique (logistic regression and frequency ratio). 11 conditioning factors are used to assess landslide susceptibility, namely: slope, aspect, TWI (Topographic Wetness Index), TPI (Topographic Position Index), SPI (Stream Power Index), profile curvature, distance to drainage, rainfall, geological unit, and land use. The results of the flash flood susceptibility mapping show that areas with very high levels of susceptibility have the following characteristics: slope < 8-35°; aspect east and southwest; TWI >16; TPI <(-3,39)-(-0,06); SPI <50-200; profile curvature (-0,001)-0,0; distance to drainage <10-40; rainfall <2000; geological unit Qvwl, Qvlw3, Qvlp3, Qvlp4, Qvwl, Qvf3, Qvf4 and Qvf8; and agricultural land use. The validation results show that the quality of the LR-FR model used has very good quality, as indicated by the AUC value = 0.93.
Fiber reinforced polymer as potential solution for vibration problem in concrete slab for supporting human comfortable
Authors: Alami F , Helmi M , Noorhidana V A
Published: April 2021

Vibration is a common problem in concrete slab system when designed using ultimate strength capacity which producing slim structure. Although this elemen strong enough to sustain the loads, however another problem emerges because vibration of the element is not anticipated during the design. This study was selected from experimental data conducted on two story buildings system. Thin slab member of 120 mm in two story building showed vibration problem during sevice life. Two sensors were located on slab and middle beam to study behaviour of slab system due to human activity load. Numerical study was elaborated in this research for comparison. Strengthening of the slab using Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) was applied to the slab system to reduce detrimental effect of vibration on slab. Peak acceleration of slab strengthening using FRP was brought down to 0.018 m/s2 and 0.013 m/s2 for damping of 2% and 3% respectively compared with unstrengthening slab which was 0,09 m/s2 which higher than accepted criteria 0,5% G (0,045 m/s2).
Multi node sensors for water quality monitoring towards precision aquaculture
Authors: Komarudin M , Septama H D , Yulianti T , Yudamson A , Hendri J , Arafat M A D
Published: April 2021

Shrimp culture is carried out by ponds in open areas, especially near coastal areas. The ponds water condition or water quality has a significant impact on the shrimp culture. There are also frequent problems among these shrimp ponds, such as crop failure caused by bad water quality. The water quality monitoring in shrimp ponds is often done manually by the farmer in periodical times. The water quality monitoring that is done manually tends to be impractical, requires high worker wages, and has a high human error rate. With the advances in the field of Information Technology, data may be retrieved through sensors and collected into a server. Then the data may be processed and visualized in order to support precision aquaculture using the Internet of Things (IoT). Precision Fish Farming (PFF) or precision aquaculture is a concept that applies control-engineering principles to aquaculture industries. The PPF concepts allow farmers to have the ability to monitor, control, and document biological processes in aquaculture farms. This research aims were to design and build a multi node sensor and master board to monitor water quality in real time using the prototyping method. The system consists of several sensors for monitoring temperature, pH, and salinity in shrimp ponds that are installed at each node. Nodes are actively sending data to the master board. This model is done to reduce the need for direct data access to the internet. The monitoring system is tested in PB Tunas Baru shrimps pond in order to check if the system may work properly. The sensor is set to retrieve pond water quality data every 5 minutes in a total 100 minute period. The result shows that the model works properly, and the means value of the total error rate for the salinity sensors, pH, and temperature sensors consecutively is 1.65%, 1.25%, and 0%. This information allows the farmers to maintain the water quality precisely in aim to produce high quality shrimp crops toward the precision aquaculture concepts.
Environment and polemic of cantrang ban in Lampung bay: The importance of stakeholder mapping
Authors: Tresiana N , Duadji N
Published: April 2021

The prohibition of using cantrang fishing gear in the waters of Lampung Bay is one of the government’s efforts to reduce marine ecosystems’ problem. Polemic in the form of pros and cons of implementing the cantrang prohibition policy, has resulted in a wave of rejection and the emergence of horizontal conflicts between fishermen, a shift in vertical conflict against the government. The role of stakeholders in the failure and success of public policy implementation is very strategic. The study aims to conduct a stakeholder mapping analysis of the cantrang prohibition policy. The research was conducted at the Lempasing Beach Fishing Port, Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia, in July-September 2019. The method uses the Power versus Interest Grid Analysis. The results illustrate stakeholders’ identification from the classification of strong supporters and strong opponents with their interests, resources, influence, and actions taken. Using the stakeholder role matrix, information on comparative, influential, involved, and only receives information is obtained. Contribution: improve governance, and prepare policies that can resolve polemics, improve fishermen’s welfare and protect underwater ecosystems.
Long-term application of diuron herbicides caused Eleusine indica weeds to become resistant to diuron
Authors: Kusumayuni E , Sriyani N , Yusnita  , Hapsoro D , Utomo S D
Published: April 2021

The presence of weeds during the vegetative growth of pineapple plants could reduce production by up to 88%, so weed control is necessary. One way of controlling weeds is by use of herbicides. However, continuous, long-term application of herbicides could result in environmental pollution and weed resistance to the herbicides. This research aimed to identify the resistance of E. indica weeds to herbicide diuron and to compare the growth characteristics of diuron-resistant and diuron-sensitive E. indica. The resistant weeds were taken from the pineapple plantations under continuous, long term application of diuron herbicides, while the sensitive weeds were taken from areas which have never been applied with diuron herbicides. This research was conducted at the University of Lampung, from February to October 2020. It consisted of two experiments, The experiment 1 : the response of E. indica to diuron and The experiment 2: the growth characteristics of diuron-resistant and diuron-sensitive E. indica. In the experiment 1, experiments were arranged in a split plot design with five replicates and the treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor consisted of the diuron-resistant and the diuron sensitive E. indica and the second factor was diuron dosage (0, 1600, 3200 and 6400 g ha-1). In the experiment 2, The resistant and sensitive E. indica were compared using t-test. The study revealed that the diuron-resistant E. indica needed a longer time to be 50% damaged than the sensitive one. The resistance index (RI) of E. indica to diuron was 2.80, indicating low level of resistance. The diuron-resistant and diuron-sensitive E. indica did not significantly showed different growth characteristics.
Study of the influence of cempaka tropical cyclone on the height of sea waves in the South Java sea using the Delft 3D application
Authors: Burrahman H , Ginting N K , Rahmat A
Published: April 2021

Tropical cyclone Cempaka entered South Java sea from 25th November 2017 until 27th November 2017 and caused strong winds and high waves. Delft 3D Modeling Simulation was used to investigate the effect of tropical cyclone Cempaka development on sea level rise in coastal areas and high waves in the South Java sea. The FNL wind data with a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25 ° and GEBCO bathymetry data with a grid resolution of 30 seconds was used as input to the Delft 3D model. The results of the study showed that there was an increase of significant wave height during the tropical cyclone Cempaka period with significant wave values from 1 to 3.5 meters on 27th November 2017. While for the value of sea level height in the coastal area showed results there was an increase during cyclone Cempaka period with anomalies values to 0.4. However, at the center of the cyclone had a low anomaly value that reached -0.2. From the results of the correlation test and RMSE test on sea level Delft 3D output obtained a correlation value of 0.85 and error 0.43 in the Sadeng, Yogyakarta. while the correlation test and RMSE test for the significant wave height parameter obtained a correlation value -0.198 and error value 0.168.
Small-scale fishing families and their daily multiple-stressor on climate change and COVID-19: Preliminary findings
Authors: Hidayati I , Putri IAP , Ghani MW , Situmorang A , Widayatun
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic situation is still ongoing in many countries in the world, including Indonesia. The positive case continues to increase every day and impacts our life, including the fisheries’ family. The fishery is a vulnerable sector to climate change, and this day worsened by a pandemic situation. This paper aims to understand the resources attached to fishing families facing various pressures and risks, forms of response, and adaptation within the fishing families. During COVID-19 pandemic situation, we have to carried out an online ethnographic approach by online-focused group discussion (FGD) to fisherman group and fisherman wives. Purworejo village was selected as a research site because it is the one with the largest number of small-scale fishing families in Java’s northern coastal area. The results show that various pressures and risks faced by fishery families, not only related to climate change and COVID-19 such as fishing season, limited resources, capital, and access, but also a risk on their internal family. In the context of fishery family resilience, each family member has a role in dealing with stressors, especially economic stressors. Fathers look for fish in the sea almost eight hours a day; children also go to sea when economic conditions continue to deteriorate; even a fisherman’s wife has the same responsibilities as her husband.
The dynamics of household residence and decision making where to purchase rice in a sustainable development era: A case study in urban and rural Indonesia
Authors: Antriyandarti E , Agustono  , Rusdiyana E , Ani S W
Published: April 2021

Food security is a condition in which food is available to every individual at any time, both physically and economically. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the Indonesian government has made efforts to improve food security, especially rice as main staple food. This study aims to know the form of purchased rice of household in urban and rural areas and to examine the relationship between household residences on decisions about where to purchase rice in a sustainable development era. This study uses micro data of 1047 households, consists of 486 urban households and 561 rural households. The data was collected through web survey in August 2020, then it was analysed by using descriptive method. The results showed that households in urban and rural Indonesia had quite different decisions in purchasing rice. The rice purchasing in modern places, such as supermarkets and minimarkets, is mostly carried out by urban households. Meanwhile, rice purchasing in non-modern places, such as markets and rice millings, is mostly performed by rural households. In addition, households in the rural area also prefer to buy uncooked rice from rice milling and farmers, and some households do not buy rice since they have owned rice fields. The number of household who buy cooked rice is larger in urban than in rural. Urban household is more widely on where to purchase rice than rural households.
Traditional myth and social environment Balinese tourism (A qualitative approach to sustainable development)
Authors: Mahagangga I G A O , Anom I P , Suryawan I B , Koesbardiati T , Wulandari I G A A , Mutolib A
Published: April 2021

From Bali cultural tourism, traditional myth is the pulling power that makes the tourist come. The existing condition shows that culture only a symbol and not being involved in regulating tourism products. This paper aims to understand how traditional myth, as one of the social environment assets in sustainable tourism development, is forgotten. The method used refers to the qualitative methodology with qualitative methods, qualitative techniques, and qualitative analysis using hermeneutic methods. The results showed that traditional myth as a cultural asset of tourism should be linked with sustainable tourism development, as traditional myth can be preserved and at the same time can be utilized for tourism. Therefore, it is essential to collaborate preservation efforts with the economic value of culture.
Understanding consumers’ behaviour for reducing environmental and social impact through sustainable product design – A Study case of vehicles usage in Indonesia
Authors: Hamni A , Panuju A Y T , Ambarwati D A S
Published: April 2021

One of crucial aspects in achieving a better level of sustainability in a country is the society’s responsible product consumption pattern, as descripted in The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Inevitably, the dynamic interaction between consumers and products creates negative effects to the social and environmental dimension, including emissions from all the product’s life cycle phases. Among other products, the usage of private combustion engine vehicles in Indonesia is one of the highest emission producers and a highly fuel consuming product. While the exploitation of these vehicles for fulfilling basic needs is essential to increase the society’s quality of life, extended behaviour related to the vehicles may come from unimportant desire and endangers the dimensions of sustainability. This paper reveals the consumers’ problematic behaviour and their reasons, as a part of a sustainable design framework, by conducting survey and in-depth interview sessions. Subsequently, the data is analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis method. The results may address strategies for the manufacturers in designing future eco-friendly vehicles and also gives recommendations for other stakeholders in creating policies and educational programs for the society.