bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANORECTAL MALFORMATIONS: A REVIEW OF 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE IN SULAIMANI (KURDISTAN REGION/IRAQ) PEDIATRIC SURGICAL CENTER
Authors: Ameen Nian , Ali Ameer
Published: February 2018

Background 
Anorectal Malformation (ARM) is a well recognized condition that involves congenital anomalies of the anus and rectum. It may present as a single or as a combination of abnormalities.
Objectives 
The aim of this study is to describe some epidemiologic data on anorectal malformation, estimating it’s prevalence in Sulaimani province, and characterizing the cases with regards to age at presentation, gender, pathological classification, associated anomalies, postoperative complication, and mortality rate.
Materials and Methods
This descriptive epidemiological study extended from Mach 2006 to March 2016, including all of patients presented with ARM in pediatric surgical unit at Sulaimani Teaching Hospital.
Results
The total cases were 194 patients (122 male and 72 females). 92% presented on the first week of life. 44.2% had associated anomalies. The prevalence rate is 6.4 cases per 10 000 live birth. Stomal complications are the most common post operative complication. The mortality rate is 8.24%. The relation between mortality and associated anomalies was statistically analyzed. 
Conclusion
The associated malformations rate and types are almost the same as in the literatures; however the prevalence rate was higher. This confirms the presence of geographic variation in ARM incidence, but could not confirm that the chemical attack or environmental impact of wars in this region had effects on increasing the rate of ARM due to lack of previous studies.
TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE OUTCOMES OF PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY: SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mahmood Sarwar
Published: February 2018

Background 

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become a well established procedure for the management of renal calculi, and there success relies on appropriate preoperative planning and optimal percutaneous access. 

Objectives 

To evaluate the technique of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, at our center since 2009, and assess the results and outcomes. We compare our initial and late experience.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy at our center since 2009. We divided the patients into two groups depending on the changes and developments in instrumentation and strategies. To improve the results, we incorporated newer ancillary procedures such as flexible nephroscopy and minipercs for clearance. The first group comprised of (125) cases, from April 2009 to April 2010; and the second group comprised of (142) cases, from June 2015 to January 2016.

Results

Demographic data and stone characteristics such as stone burden, the number of stones, and stone laterality were not different between the two groups. The mean operative time, decrease in hemoglobin level, blood transfusion rate, and hospital stay continued to decline and the stone-free rate increased as our experience improved. Bleeding requiring a transfusion during the operation time that occurred in group one and two was 10(8%), 2 (1.40%) patients respectively, (p = 0.0067). The mean (range) hospital stay for group one and two were 1.48 (1-8) days, and 1.15 (1-4) days respectively, (p = 0.0087). Stone clearances rate in group one and two were 88.0%, and 95.08%, respectively (p= 0.001). 

Conclusion

The success of PCNL in patients with renal calculi is highly dependent on the optimal access into the targeted kidney. Higher success rate and decrease morbidity can be markedly improved with increasing experience, decrease the size of the access tract, preoperative access plan, and liberal use of flexible nephroscopy.
Enteral nutrition in palliative medicine in children
Authors: Zavyalova Anna N. , Gostimskii Aleksander V. , Lisovskii Oleg V. , Gavschuk Maksim V. , Karpatskii Igor V. , Pogorelchuk Victor V. , Mironova Anna V.
Published: February 2018

Complete care of a patient is important in palliative medicine. The necessity of nutrition support is determined by the severity of nutritive, trophic deficit, features of diseases which can cause (or which have already caused) protein-energy deficiency. Nutritive support is a multidisciplinary problem: it concerns not only a dietitian and an intensive care specialist but also a surgeon, a gastroenterologist, an oncologist, a dentist and other specialists who face patients unabled to satisfy their needs by physiological way. The feeding using gastral tube or gastrostomy should be special because oral cavity is switched off the nutrition. Efficiency of treatment rises while adapting enteral nutrition to specialties of digestion and metabolism in various types of pathology. Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake, chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction and in patients who are critically ill. Enteral nutrition is often used for children as well as for adults. Children may require enteral feeding for a wide range of underlying conditions, such as for malnutrition, for increased energy requirement, for metabolic disorders and also for children with neuromuscular disorders. Two main steps help to solve the problem of malnutrition: choosing the composition of formula and choosing the way to deliver the formula. This article gives a specification in using various feeding formulas according to different diseases and describes different ways to deliver the formula (from gastral tube to gastrostomy). If swallowing reflex is absent the formula should be delivered directly to stomach. The best way for a long-term or permanent nutrition support is feeding using gastrostomy. This article describes some surgical aspects of different types of gastrostomy from classical one to modern percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
Renoprofilaxis in secondary chronic pyelonephritis in children
Authors: Ahmedjanova Nargiza I. , Dilmuradova Klara R.
Published: February 2018

Patients with secondary pyelonephritis have a high risk of developing chronic renal failure and a decline in the quality of life already in childhood. This pathology is prone to chronization, recurrence and progression with the formation of nephrosclerosis and the development of CRF, leading to disability of the body and requiring extraordinary interventions. Annually in the world among children it is fixed about 50 million cases of infection of urinary ways. In an open, prospective comparative study, the results of the analysis of the outcomes of the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of various therapies are presented in 85 children aged 4-15 years with chronic dysmetabolic pyelonephritis. Objective: to develop the principles of secondary prevention of chronic dysmetabolic pyelonephritis in children. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of treatment. 1 group consisted of 48 patients who used conventional methods of treatment. Group 2 consisted of 37 patients with children who received complex therapy: regional lymphotropic antibiotic therapy + electrophoresis with 0.5% euphillin. The results of our studies showed that after the conventional treatment there was no positive dynamics of the studied indicators of the functional state of the kidneys. A comparative assessment of the results of the study of the functional state of the kidneys and indices of endogenous intoxication showed a high efficiency of the combined use of regional lymphotropic antibiotic therapy + electrophoresis with euphyllin. Complex treatment, recommended by the authors, promotes renoprophylaxis: prevention of frequent recurrence of the disease and development of renal failure.
Bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in laboratory in men with marfanoid habitus
Authors: Timofeev Evgeny V. , Belousova Tatiana I. , Vutrih Elena V. , Zemtsovsky Eduard V. , Olkhovik Andrey Yu.
Published: February 2018

The aim of the research was the study of bone mineral density (BMD) and activity laboratory markers of bone metabolism in juniors with power shortages and marfanoid habitus (MH).

Materials and methods: Twenty 119 males are underweight aged 18 to 25 years old (average age of 20.4 ± 1.5 years). All surveyed was conducted anthropometric, phenotypical, Echocardiography study to identify the mitral valve prolapse (MVP), laboratory examination of the bone forming token (Osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase), and the dissolution of bone tissue (β-CrossLaps), Dual-energy X-ray densitometry (L1-L4).

Results: Revealed a significant reduction in BMD females with MH as compared to control (Z-criterion –1.23 ± 0.73 and 0.34 ± 0.80, STD, respectively, p < 0.00001). BMD significant decrease (–1.5 STD) found a third of individuals with MH and not seen in the control group, p = 0.01. When assessing young BMD depending on the severity of MVP statistically reliable differences had been received. At the same time that boys with MVP in conjunction with signs MH is characterized by the lowest BMD values. In the analysis of laboratory parameters revealed a significant increase in Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in the Group of persons with MH, indicating bone forming activity in these patients. At the same time, for people with MH is characterized by increasing the level of β-CrossLaps (marker of the dissolution of bone tissue). With the increased activity of the dissolution of bone tissue associated bone such signs as dolyhostenomelia, deformations of thorax and arachnodaktylia.

Conclusion: bone signs dysembriogenesis involved in the diagnostic algorithm MH, contributes to the abnormal formation of bone tissue in these patients. For them is characterized by activation synthesis and dissolution of bone tissue, reducing BMD.
Potential Use of Transspinal Direct Current Stimulation For Cerebral Circulation Correction
Authors: Sirbiladze George K. , Suslova Galina A. , Pinchuk Dmitrij Ju. , Sirbiladze Timur K.
Published: February 2018

Research objective: to prove the potential use of Trans spinal direct current stimulation for treatment of brain systems functioning disturbance attached with regulation of vasal tonus. Identify the most effective localizations and exposure regimens, so that in the future they can be used purposefully, for the treatment of cerebral blood flow disorders.

Materials and methods. 38 children aged 4-12 years were examined who were treated with TSDCS and who had EEG at the beginning of the course of treatment – signs of hemolytic dysfunction with ICD-10 diagnoses as mental retardation (F70-F79), disorders of psychological development (F80-F89) or as behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90-F98). The following examinations were performed: an electroencephalogram, a neurological examination. The trans spinal direct current stimulation was carried out by a constant current of 100-200 μA, during 30-40 min. At the same time, the cathode was located lateral from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra C7, and the anode counterlaterally to the cathode in the lumbosacral region at the level of the spinous processes L5-S1. A total of 3 to 5 sessions of TSDCS were conducted. A repeat EEG examination with the determination of Hemolucleodynamics Coefficient (HC) was performed 7-10 days after the last TSMP session.

Result. After the course of TSDCS, all patients significantly decreased the HC score. In 27 patients (71%) patients, HC decreased to the norm value (≤1,2). In 23 patients (29%), HC values corresponded to the first degree of hemolytic dysfunction.
The using of low-FODMAP diet is an important step in the treatment of children with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nalyotov Andrew V. , Vunichenko Yulia S.
Published: February 2018

Diet therapy, in most cases, is the first stage of treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Especially, this question remains relevant in patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders. The irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common of functional gastrointestinal tract disorders in the population. The Rome criteria IV are basic recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in patients of different ages. The diet with a reduced content of fermentable oligosaccharides (fructans and galactans), di- (lactose), monosaccharides (fructose) and polyols (FODMAP) is recommended by current international consensus for patients of different ages with irritable bowel syndrome. The article presents current findings on the low-FODMAP diet effect on the clinical manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome. The elimination of various foods in the diet of patients with different clinical variants of irritable bowel syndrome according to the low-FODMAP diet scheme leads to a decrease in gassing and normalization of contractile activity of the intestine. It significantly reduces the frequency of exacerbations of the disease and improves the quality of life of such patients. A number of clinical studies using the low-FODMAP diet in adult patients and children with irritable bowel syndrome are presented. It is concluded that further clinical studies to study the effectiveness of the low-FODMAP diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome are needed. Especially this issue remains relevant in pediatric practice.
CHRONIC DUODENAL PATENCY ABNORMALITIES: MODERN VIEW ON THE PROBLEM
Authors: Studenikin L V
Published: February 2018

The review of native and foreign special literature on chronic duodenal patency abnormalities is presented; their association with cholelithiasis is indicated. Variants of surgical correction of motor duodenal pathology are assessed. The published results confirm perspective value of the development of the methods of low-invasive simultaneous laparoscopic treatment of chronic duodenal patency abnormalities in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis.
SURGICAL TACTICS IN IATROGENIC DAMAGES OF ESOPHAGUS CAUSED BY TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Plaksin S A , Kotelnikova L P , Sablin E E
Published: February 2018

Aim. To analyze the causes of iatrogenic damages of esophagus, estimate the surgical tactics depending on the type and localization of perforation and terms of hospitalization. Materials and methods. Medical documentation of 89 patients with esophageal damages of various etiology was analyzed. Iatrogenic damages of esophagus were diagnosed in 37 (41,6%) patients. Results. The most frequent cause of esophageal perforation during treatment and diagnostic manipulations was gullet bougienage for cicatrical strictures and cardiospasm. This diagnosis was based on pains, occurring after treatment and diagnostic manipulations, which critically increased after taking liquid or food, appearance of soft tissue emphyzema of the neck and mediastinal emphysema. Presence of contrast substance leakage in roentgenoscopy permitted to determine the localization and size of esophageal defect. During the recent years, in case of diagnostic difficulties or late admission to hospital, computed tomography was used. The terms of starting treatment and complications developed substantially determined its volume and surgical tactics. Accordingly, different medical techniques were undertaken. Conclusions. Along with traditional interventions, stenting, clipping of esophageal wounds and vacuum therapy can be used to treat iatrogenic damages, indications to which need further study.
OPPORTUNITIES OF ULTRASOUND INVESTIGATION AND Z.M. SIGAL TRANSILLUMINATION PULSOOPTOMETRY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MAMMARY NEOPLASMS
Authors: Sigal Z M , Surnina O V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To assess the opportunities and advantages of the method of transillumination pulsooptometry and ultrasound visualization in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant mammary neoplasms. Materials and methods. The study material of 532 persons aged 30-50 years was analyzed. All patients underwent ultrasound diagnosis of the mammary gland, pulsooptometry according to Z.M. Sigal (1981), computed and magnetic resonance imaging, ductography, mammography. To varify the nature of growth, biopsy material was subjected to histological analysis. Results. Out of 532 patients examined, mammary cancer was revealed in 130 women, non-cancerous neoplasms of various etiology - in 402. Conclusions. In spite of all achievements in modern medicine and development of new diagnostic and treatment methods, US combined with transillumination pulsooptometry is most available and reliable.
INFLUENCE OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES ON FORMATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS UNDER PHYSICAL LOAD
Authors: Kataev A V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To study the influence of benzimidazole derivatives on the formation of oxidative stress under the impact of physical load. Materials and methods. Physical load (PL) was induced on intact outbred male rats by daily swimming for 21 days. Physical load, induced by swimming, is a convenient model of muscular work and it can be dosed. It, as a forced for rats procedure, caused stress, the development of which was controlled by changes in adrenal mass indices and blood leucocyte number in the animals. Results. The impaired behavioral reactions, decreased antioxidant activity in the liver and brain homogenates, elevated peroxidation product content, raised hemiluminescence intensity was detected. Conclusions. Negative manifestations of the developed psychoemotional and oxidative stress were restrained by the introduction of dibazol and synthesized potassium salt 2-[1-(1,1-dioxothietanyl-3)benzimidazolyl-2-thio] acetic acid.
An observational study of incidence of urological intervention in patients of renal colic with normal and abnormal ultrasound study
Authors: Joshi Ankit , Srivastava Shirish
Published: February 2018

Background: Renal colic is a common presentation that affects millions people annually. Although ultrasonography has lower sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing urolithiasis compared to CT, it is an alternative imaging modality that does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation. By this observational study an attempt has been made to know the incidence of urological intervention in suspected renal colic patients with normal USG findings, so as to decreasing the number of CT scans and associated ionizing radiation in patients with suspected renal colic.Methods: This was an observational study involving adult patients presenting to the Trauma and Emergency Care Department in Shree Krishna Hospital with suspected renal colic over a 12-months period. Renal ultrasonography was performed in suspected renal colic patients, and the results were categorized into three mutually exclusive groups: normal, suggestive of ureterolithiasis, or visualized ureteric stone. Patients were followed up to see if patients received urological intervention.Results: Of 132 patients enrolled, 16 (12.12%) were classified as normal; none of these patients underwent urologic intervention. 62 (46.92%) USG results were classified as suggestive of ureterolithiasis, and one (1.61%) patient received urologic intervention. A total of 54 (40.91%) USG results were classified as visualized ureteric stone, and 24 (44.45%) patients had urologic intervention. The rate of urologic intervention was significantly lower in those with normal USG results (p <0.001) than in those with abnormal findings.Conclusions: A normal renal ultrasonography predicts a low likelihood for urologic intervention for adult patients with suspected renal colic.
Modelagem de séries temporais financeiras: uma abordagem estatística para a identificação de modelos de média condicional
Authors: Keiel Guilherme , Bender Fernando Augusto
Published: February 2018

A análise de séries temporais financeiras lida com a avaliação de ativos no decorrer do tempo, possibilitando o entendimento do seu comportamento dinâmico e construir modelos capazes de prever valores futuros da série. No primeiro estágio do procedimento para construção de modelos é necessária a seleção da subclasse adequada baseada nas observações do processo, para então realizar a estimação de seus parâmetros. Neste artigo é investigada uma metodologia para determinação de uma subclasse de modelos pertencentes à classe ARIMAX para a descrição de processos geradores de séries financeiras. São apresentadas condições para a determinação da subclasse adequada e do número mínimo de parâmetros em cada estrutura. Para ilustrar o método, analisou-se os dados da série diária do índice da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo entre os anos 2000 à 2014, atestando para o uso das estruturas de modelos ARIMAX(5,5,1,2) e ARIMAX(6,6,1,2).  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v6iss1p22
Математична модель керування безпілотним повітряним судном в одному каналі керування
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Мatiychyk Denys
Published: February 2018

Мета: Головна мета дослідження – створення математичної моделі модель керування безпілотним повітряним судном в одному каналі керування. Створена модель дозволить більш глибоко, якісно і швидше підібрати потрібні величини коефіцієнтів, необхідних для оптимальної і ефективної взаємодії людини і машини. Методи: Для створення математичної моделі керування безпілотним повітряним судном в одному каналі керування було застосовано класичну модель керування повітряним судном. Було застосовано порівняльний аналіз виконання повороту оператором безпілотного повітряного судна в ручному та напівавтоматичному режимі керування. Результати: Запропонована математична модель «Оператор – система дистанційного керування – безпілотне повітряне судно» під час зміни напрямку по курсу в горизонтальній площині. Модель враховує дії оператора під час керування безпілотним повітряним судном, маневреність повітряного судна обладнаним системою дистанційного керування та польотним контролером із можливістю вибору декількох режимів керування. Обговорення: Запропонована модель дає можливість проаналізувати особливості різних режимів керування безпілотним повітряним судном, які застосовуються при функціонуванні безпілотного повітряного судна. Вибір відповідних коефіцієнтів на різних режимах керування безпілотним повітряним судном дозволяє оптимально та ефективно взаємодіяти людині з машиною.
Вплив зледеніння на льотно-технічні характеристики безпілотного повітряного судна М-10-2 «Око»
Authors: Matiychyk Мykhailo , Suvorova Natalya , Tereshchenko Dmytro , Plakhotniuk Ievgen , Trachuk Kateryna
Published: February 2018

Мета: Проведення аналізу зледеніння несучих поверхонь безпілотного повітряного судна. Зледеніння відбулося при випробувальних польотах безпілотного повітряного судна. Методи дослідження: Аналіз результатів польоту в умовах зледеніння проводився із використанням проектних льотно-технічних характеристик безпілотного повітряного судна, а також даних, отриманих із бортового самописця. Найбільші льодові формування було зафіксовано на поверхні передньої кромки крила практично по всій її довжині; відкладення накрили також всю передню кромку вінглетів. Результати: Практично встановлено, що за відповідних метеоумов на частинах малорозмірних безпілотних повітряних суднах утворюються відкладення льоду, за схемою подібною, як вони утворюються на великорозмірних повітряний суднах. Спотворення від утвореного льоду відбулось по передній кромці крила та передній частині нижньої та верхньої дужок крила; аналогічним чином обмерзло хвостове оперення. Крім того обмерзанню піддались фронтальні поверхні телеметричної та відеоантен, а також передня частина трубки приймача повітряного тиску. Обговорення: Зледеніння несучих поверхонь повітряного судна під час польоту може мати небажані наслідки як для великої авіації, так і для малих безпілотних повітряних суден. Практичні випробувальні польоти безпілотних повітряних суден НВЦБА "Віраж" Національного авіаційного університету в зимовий період показали, що ігнорування розгляду проблеми може знижувати рівень безпеки польотів аж до виникнення передумов до авіаційних подій. Факт зледеніння був виявлений після посадки безпілотного повітряного судна.
Метод конструювання траєкторії руху інформаційного робота на базі безпілотного літального апарата
Authors: Lysenko Alexander , Tachinina Olena
Published: February 2018

Мета: Метою даної статті є викладення методу конструювання розгалуженої траєкторії руху інформаційного робота, що являє собою складену динамічну систему, який дозволяє сформулювати в термінах теорії оптимального управління умови моделювання оптимальної розгалуженої траєкторії складеної динамічної системи з довільною схемою розгалуження. Методи: У статті розглянуто метод теорії оптимального управління розривними динамічними системами, який застосовувався для доказу умов оптимальності фазових координат, в точках структурних перетворень розгалуженої траєкторії руху інформаційного робота. Результати: Сформульовано необхідні умови оптимальності розгалуженої траєкторії, по якій переміщається інформаційний робот, які дозволяють перейти до застосування стандартних підпрограм рішення звичайних диференціальних рівнянь та алгебраїчних рівнянь і тим самим вирішити задачу моделювання оптимальної траєкторії складеної динамічної системи з довільною схемою розгалуження. Обговорення: Запропонований метод є методологічною основою для побудови обчислювальних алгоритмів, що дозволяють моделювати оптимальні траєкторії руху складених динамічних систем. Запропонована процедура моделювання оптимальних розгалужених траєкторій є частиною математичного забезпечення системи автоматизованого проектування інформаційного робота і може бути використана для побудови обчислювальних алгоритмів, які враховують специфіку інформаційно-телекомунікаційної взаємодії елементів конкретних типів складених динамічних систем.
Estética e educação
Authors: Trezzi Clóvis
Published: February 2018

Fala-se em educação estética desde o século XVIII. Schiller foi um grande defensor dessa ideia, apresentando-a como a possibilidade de o estudante desenvolver-se melhor e tornar-se mais sensível e pensante. Desde que a escola moderna surgiu, ela é pensada de maneira estética, porém prática, sem maior relação com uma teoria estética. Na contemporaneidade, Paulo Freire defendeu a ideia de uma escola que seja, ela toda, estética, de modo que se possa tratar do educando e do processo educacional como uma obra de arte. Apesar de tudo isso, ainda não se chegou a uma escola que seja, por si só, estética.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS E AS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS: O ENTRE-LUGAR DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES ALFABETIZADORES
Authors: Voos Jordelina Beatriz Anacleto
Published: February 2018

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, o resultado de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo central era identificar os conhecimentos sobre as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação – TICs, dos acadêmicos do Curso de Pedagogia que participam do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID, como subsídio para a alfabetização de crianças. 25 foram os acadêmicos selecionados. Os procedimentos sustentaram-se na abordagem quantitativa, mediante a aplicação de um questionário constituído de vinte e três questões. Dos resultados infere-se que, apesar do acesso à informação e da legislação apontar para a necessidade do domínio das TICs, no âmbito da formação de professores, em face das demandas do século XXI, os conhecimentos que os pedagogos, em formação, dominam são insuficientes para promovê-las no processo de alfabetização de crianças.
The Ins and Outs of ESL in Canada: How the Past Can Inform the Future
Authors: Derwing Tracey M.
Published: February 2018

For some people, nothing sounds duller than the word “history.” And yet history can be fascinating; it can afford us a chance to see the world through others’ eyes; in comparing historical events with the current state of affairs, we can sometimes perceive our realities in a new light. Landmarks in the history of English as a second language (ESL), including patterns of immigration, language policies, funding, curriculum choices, standards, and advocacy, are chronicled in this article. These issues are the lifeblood of our field and go back further than many people recognize. They are all influenced by personalities, ethics, and circumstances. In 1899, Frontier College started sending labourer-teachers to work camps, where they taught not only literacy but also ESL to immigrant workers in mines and on railroads. A century ago, handbooks were developed for instructors of “new Canadians.” Since those early days, Canada has developed the most comprehensive system of adult ESL training in the world, and has produced internationally recognized research on second language acquisition. Furthermore, ESL teachers created professional organizations at the provincial/territorial and national levels. Some of the developments of TESL Canada will be examined here. In looking back, we can see how far we have come, and also get some sense of where the future will take us.Pour certaines personnes, rien de plus assommant que le mot « histoire ». Et pourtant, l’histoire peut être un domaine fascinant qui nous offre la chance de voir le monde avec le regard des autres et peut-être envisager l’état actuel des choses sous un angle nouveau en comparant notre réalité aux évènements historiques. Cet article décrit des jalons de l’histoire de l’anglais comme langue seconde (ALS), y compris les tendances en immigration, les politiques linguistiques, le financement, les choix de programmes, les normes et les revendications. Ces enjeux repré- sentent des éléments essentiels de notre domaine et ils remontent plus loin que plusieurs personnes imaginent. Ils ont tous été marqués par des personnages, des principes éthiques et des circonstances. En 1899, le Collège Frontière a commencé à envoyer des ouvriers-enseignants dans les chantiers pour enseigner la lecture et l’écriture ainsi que l’ALS aux travailleurs immigrants œuvrant dans les mines et pour le chemin de fer. On a développé, il y a un siècle, des guides pour ceux qui enseignaient aux « nouveaux Canadiens ». Depuis lors, le Canada a développé le système le plus complet au monde visant la formation en ALS pour adultes et a produit de la recherche sur l’acquisition des langues secondes qui est reconnue à l’échelle internationale. De plus, les enseignants d’ALS ont créé des organisations professionnelles aux niveaux provincial, territorial et national. Nous nous pencherons sur certains éléments de l’évolution de TESL Canada. En jetant un coup d’œil vers l’arrière, nous constatons la distance parcourue et nous nous faisons une idée de ce que l’avenir nous réserve.
Evaluation of important factors in accepts or reject of upper limb prosthesis in children
Authors: Yazdani Meria
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction: upper limb amputee Children usually uses prosthesis for better function. But studies show a high percentage of rejection of the prosthesis in this group. In clinical studies, there are not very different in function of children who use of prosthesis and those who do not. Answer to why children accept and use their prosthesis or reject it could help and improve the future design of the prosthesis and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was finding important criteria for children with below elbow amputation, their parents and therapists for acceptance and use of prosthetics or rejects it in children group. Method: This study was conducted by literature search of Science direct, Google Scholar, Cochran Library, MEDLINE and PubMed between 1966 and 2014 ,that investigated effective factors in accept or reject of below elbow prosthesis in below elbow amputee children.For quality assessment of articles we rated each paper using the Downs and Black score ranges and Pedro scale . The two reviewers independently read and classified the articles by population, type of study and results. Results After initial evaluation and reviews, 14 articles were included in this study. Most studies were reported form and questionnaire and clinical observations.The general characteristics of the prosthesis, prosthesis control method, quality of life, family and the rehabilitation procedures were important factors were explored in these literature. Conclusion According to the studies, it is necessary to optimize the prosthesis according to the real children expectations and needs to improve their quality of life.There are controversial studies about performance and first time prosthesis in children but studies confirmed that Group therapy can increase the acceptance rate of prosthesis. Training and finding ways for function without prosthesis along using it to communicate with the environment, increase motor control and sensory perception that could increase accept of prosthesis in children.

Keywords: upper limb prosthesis, children, amputation
The impact of physical activity and exercise on obesity
Authors: Mouissi Farid
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction: The health benefits of regular physical activity alone are real, and the World Health Organisation has afforded great importance to the issue of obesity, and considers it to be an epidemic, which is threatening global health. Despite the fact that the subject of obesity emerged in developed countries, Arab countries began experiencing this phenomenon, due to changes in lifestyle among its citizens. Physical activity may favourably affect body fat distribution. Our study aims to study the impact of physical activity and exercise on obesity. Method: The research sample was 165 adolescents with an average age of 17.8 years old. A questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity and exercise. The body mass index (BMI) is used to determine obesity. Result: The results of the study indicated that there is a relationship between physical activity and exercise and obesity, and also between the amount of exercise and type of physical activity and obesity. Conclusion: Physical activity and exercise have an impact on obesity. Through the study results, we recommend the importance of physical activity and exercise for teenagers, because the continuous practice of physical activity reduces obesity.

Keywords: obesity, physical activity and exercise, adolescence.
Innovation in Nursing Practices
Authors: Kara Dilek
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Nowadays the importance of scientific knowledge has been increasing and healt-care applications are changing rapidly. The increasingly aging population, chronic treatment of acute illness depending on which treatment applications have changed the perspective on the quality of the patient's care and maintenance. Innovation is the most important tool for improving the community's quality of life. Usually, the concept of innovation in the health sector and in particular for nursing, new approaches, technologies and ways of working is described as a process of development. Innovatio is vital for improving the quality of nursing care and it’s sustainability. The planning of nursing practice, submission and evaluation of the use of innovative strategies are among the key factors that directly affect the quality of the service. Based on all of these reasons and in the light of the literature, this compilation is prepared to offer information of innovation in nursing practice.

Keywords: innovation, examples of innovation, nursing.
Euthanasia: Analysis for the Concept from Islamic Perception
Authors: Rayan Ahmad Hussien
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Euthanasia is ethically, religiously, and legally charged topic. Health care professionals should integrate spiritual aspects in their decision making regarding euthanasia while dealing with muslim patients. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Islami view for the concept of euthanasia and its permissiblility in Islam, while discussing different ethical and legal aspects that may affect the perspectives of muslims regarding euthanasia. Active euthanasia is prohibited in Islam. This view is strongly supported by laws and ethical princiles in Islamic communites. However, administering analgesic agents that might shorten the patient’s life, with the purpose of relieving the physical pain is accepted, because it is not aimed at killing. On the other hand, negative euthanasia is never accepted. However, withdrawing a futile treatment and allowing death to take its natural course for persons who are already died is acceptable. In this situation, the patient is already dead, and there is no use of keeping life supporting instruments. It is highly recommended for all health care professionals who are providing care for muslim patients to carefully consider the Islamic perspective regarding euthanasia.

Keywords: Euthanasia, Analysis, Concept, Islam, Perception, Law, Ethic
Determination of the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding vitamin d use in Konya
Authors: Cicek Zeynep
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers having children 0-3 years of age, regarding Vitamin D use. Materials and Methods: The population of this descriptive study comprised of mothers having children 0-3 years of age, who registered in a family health center in Konya between the dates 15 December – 31 January, 2015. Of this population, the experimental sample consisted of mothers who voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The data was collected by the researchers by means of a questionnaire having 25 questions based on literature review. Face to face interview was conducted with participants to fill up the questionnaire. Data was analysed statistically using SPSS 22.0 packet program. Means, percentages, frequencies and chi- square test was performed to evaluate the data. Results: 59% of mothers belonged to the age group of 26-35 years, 58% had an education level of at least high school or above. All of the participants had given birth in the hospital, and 66% stated that they had not attended any health related training prior to birth. 33% of the mothers mentioned that they gave vitamin D to their children on a regular basis and 40% stated that mothers milk contained adequate amounts of vitamin D. No difference was found between education level of mothers and health related training prior to birth, in regard to vitamin D usage for their children (p >0,05). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of mothers and their attitudes regarding regular vitamin D usage for their children were not found to be at an adequate level. In this respect, health personnels working at the family health centers must take more responsibility for the education and training of mothers visiting them.

Keywords: 0-3years aged children, vitamin D, level of knowledge, health personnels, mother
El patriotismo del Correo del Domingo: ficciones de guerra y soldados
Authors: Marini Candela
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo explora la cobertura visual del periódico ilustrado Correo del Domingo en sus primeros años de funcionamiento (1864-1866), particularmente con relación a las noticias de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza (1865-1870). Siendo el semanario una de las primeras publicaciones en la región en incursionar en tácticas de periodismo visual, la primera parte del ensayo analiza los límites difusos entre las litografías de carácter informativo y periodístico, y aquéllas de carácter puramente ficcional. La segunda parte del artículo estudia cómo el periódico utiliza este carácter maleable de la imagen litográfica para sortear los problemas del reportaje visual de una guerra que no se condecía con el discurso oficialista de corte heroico y patriótico que el periódico apoyaba.
The analysis of absorption capacity of project beneficiaries contributing to cross-border programmes based on the most fundamental criteria
Authors: Simó Balázs
Published: February 2018

Subsequent to the experience with the international aid programmes of the 1990’s, from the very beginning of the accession negotiations and since 2004 in particular, the notion of absorption capacity of using EU funds has gradually been in focus. The subject of early scientific investigations concentrated mainly on the analysis of the macro-economic conditions of individual countries; furthermore, on increasing absorption capacities as well as how to develop the institutional system of cohesion policy further. After 2004, however, succeeding further rounds of the enlargement as well as after the programming period 2007-2013 in particular – meaning as well the conclusion of the EU budgetary period – the analysis of absorption capacities could be produced at the level of project beneficiaries. The aim of this study is to examine the most prominent determinants influencing successful outcomes and the quality of vigorous projects managed by potent beneficiaries and consortia participating in the European Territorial Co-operation Programmes with the contribution of Hungary. In the course of research correlations between determinants have been subject to econometric analysis revealing the fact that the implementation capacities of state-owned project beneficiaries and those of the non-governmental sector diverge significantly. Moreover, the study aims to show how the institutional system distributing EU funds tends to be rather lax towards the beneficiaries with weak absorption capacities, thus sacrificing the efficiency of developments for pure statistics.

JEL code: R58
Economics of fairness within the food supply chain in context of the EU
Authors: Blizkovsky Petr , Berendes Vincent
Published: February 2018

The paper broaches the issue of unfair trading practices (UTPs) at the expense of, economically spoken, weaker actors among the food supply chain in context of the EU. For illustrating the concept of UTPs and delivering a theoretical basis for scrutinizing the term of fairness in respective trading practices the paper suggests the three variables 1) bargaining power, 2) market power/anti competitive practices and 3) unequal gain distribution. Subsequently the article presents selected national food-specific legislative based reactions towards UTPs evolved in context of the three variables. Ultimately the paper presents a qualitatively generated hypothesis which presumes that legislative food-specific measurements focussing on protecting suppliers lead to a beneficial monetary share for farmers, by means of influencing the producer price to a monetarily advantageous extent. The hypothesis was generated unprejudiced in the run-up to the paper. The research design which led to the hypothesis mentioned will be presented.
Demand and supply of labor market: A case of UAE
Authors: Alshehhi Yahya Z.
Published: February 2018

United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed a progress of growth booming since its establishment, which as result puched all economic componets to indicated a active movement in term of employment and capital investment as well. This steady economic growth has been marked by an increase in the income by the country’s citizens, both national as well as the foreign residents This paper to axamine the supply and demand of labor market in UAE. The technique used to source the data is a secondary resource and methodology employed in descriptive and analytical. The study found that, the diversification of the economy, and enhance the role of private sector increased the demand for labor as well as increased the diversification for nationalities in the country. From other side, because of diversification strategy, the foreigners labor have more numbers in total employment structure.

JEL CODE: O12
The effects of health tourism investments in tourism businesses in the Northern Hungarian Region
Authors: Szabó Róbert
Published: February 2018

In my article I woud like to find answers for the question how frequently and effectively the region’s business leaders in Northern Hungary participated in various development programs, as regards investments in health tourism, what developments have been made mainly in the area, what the positive effects of these developments were in the life of businesses, whether the businesses (leaders) feel successful, and how their success was manifested. I carried out a questionnaire survey among enterprises. From the data I calculated mean, SD and spectrum and examined the crosstab correlations as well, and the Cramer’s V associate coefficient and Contingency coefficient. The results of the correlation tests could be summarised as the following: According to the survey, the number of the medium-sized enterprises being involved utilised a significant proportion of their development funds, compared to the micro and small enterprises. Although the idea of spas winterizing their pools was not considered an important development, both the adventure and wellness elements were important for the construction of thermal baths. In the case of hotels, the expansion of wellness elements and other additional services together with the development of marketing activities played an important role. Besides the positive business publicity, enterprises see the positive effects of the investment in the increase of their income; the success can be the result of the adequate supply of components, the professional management and that of positive image.
Traditional retail outlets or supermarkets: A probit analysis of shoppers in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Iton C. W. Ardon , Scott Ewan
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify consumers’ retail outlet choice for Roots and Tubers in Trinidad and Tobago between traditional and modern retail outlets, and also to find out what influences consumers’ shopping preferences for one or the other retail format. A Probit model, where both demographics and store attributes were used to predict outlet choice was the methodology utilized in the study. The results obtained suggest that the traditional outlets are the preferred place to purchase Roots and Tubers with 71% of the sample selecting these outlets. Of the fifteen independent variables analyzed in the Probit model, four demographic variables – age, employment status, ethnicity and income – and two latent factors of the store attributes labeled “value” and “location” were statistically significant. Of note, older buyers are 12% more likely to choose the traditional outlet while there is a 16% higher probability that persons in the higher income brackets will choose supermarkets as their retail outlet. These results provide an insight into the choice of outlet of shoppers and the strengths and weaknesses of the two retail formats.

JEL code: Q13, M31, C25
10 year anniversary of the Journal APSTRACT: The history of an open access journal
Authors: Kovács Krisztián , Csapóné Riskó Tünde , Csapó Zsolt , Nábrádi András
Published: February 2018

The idea initiating the birth of the journal APSTRACT was initiated by András Nábrádi, during a 2005 AGRIMBA1 executive board meeting held in Aberdeen, UK. AGRIMBA is an open international network of academics and professionals from universities and related institutions dealing with education and research in agribusiness (Csapó et al., 2010). Currently, the Network is especially active in Central and Eastern Europe (Heijman, 2015). The main objective of the Network is to set standards based on best practices for programmes it oversees and to accredit them on the basis of these standards. The International MBA Network was established in 1995, by founding members from Wageningen University, Scottish Agricultural College, the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Warsaw Agricultural University, University College Cork and the University of Wolverhampton. Between 2000 and 2009, the following universities joined the Network: Humboldt University Berlin, the University of Debrecen, Arkansas State University, the Agricultural University of Ukraine, the Timiryazev Academy in Moscow, the University of Belgrade and the University of Zagreb (Heijman, 2015). The Universities of Belgorod (Russia) and Kazan (Russia) has also joined the network last year.

JEL code: A10