bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organisatorisk læringskapacitet: Konceptualisering og undersøgelse af et begreb
Authors: Brandi Ulrik , Breum Jens
Published: February 2021

Denne artikel har til formål at introducere begrebet 'organisatorisk læringskapacitet', som det kommer til udtryk og konceptualiseres inden for studiet af organisationer og ledelse med særligt henblik på forskningsområdet organisatorisk læring. Artiklen bruger analyseresultater fra en empirisk undersøgelse i danske virksomheder til at skabe viden om og nuancere forskningen og virksomhedernes forståelse af organisatorisk læringskapacitet. Artiklen bidrager på to fronter. For det første præsenterer og udvikler artiklen eksisterende viden om, hvordan begrebet ’organisatorisk læringskapacitet’ skal forstås, teoretisk og analytisk. For det andet nuanceres potentialer og begrænsninger i vores viden om begrebet, samt hvordan virksomheder konkret kan arbejde med organisatorisk læringskapacitet i deres ledelsespraksis og organisering af læring i organisationer.
Global well-posedness and uniform boundedness of a higher-dimensional crime model with exponential decay
Authors: FENG YANI , Wang Deqi
Published: February 2021

We study a class of reaction–advection–diffusion system which is in
fact motivated by recent modeling approaches in criminology. While there
are results regarding the existence of global solution of the original
crime model, the restriction of the parameters is existed for n
>=2 . Under mild conditions, our result expands the
parameters to be arbitrary.
Research on Super-resolution Reconstruction Method of Lidar 3D Range Profile
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Liu Di , Gong Daoran , Ma Le , Zhang Xin , Li Penghui
Published: February 2021

At present, how to use low-cost and superior algorithms to obtain
high-resolution 3D range image is the focus of lidar research. In this
letter, the low-resolution Gm-APD lidar is combined with the
high-resolution ICCD lidar to obtain the registered low-resolution range
image and high-resolution intensity image. This letter proposes an
improved image guidance algorithm. The algorithm uses a Markov random
field model to define a global energy function. This function combines
the distance fidelity term and the regularization term to obtain a
high-resolution 3D range image by solving the optimization model. The
experimental results show that compared with the traditional algorithms,
the algorithm improves the resolution of the range images, the edge of
the reconstructed image is sharper than the regional similarity guidance
algorithm, and the image quality evaluation index has the better value.
Relationship Between Glycemia and Cognitive Function, Structural Brain Outcomes, and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Garfield Victoria , Farmaki Aliki-Eleni , Fatemifar Ghazaleh , Eastwood Sophie V. , Mathur Rohini , Rentsch Christopher T. , Denaxas Spiros , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Chaturvedi Nish
Published: February 2021

We investigated the relationship between glycemia and cognitive function, brain structure and incident dementia using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Data were from the UK Biobank (n = ∼500,000). Our exposures were genetic instruments for type 2 diabetes (157 variants) and HbA1c (51 variants) and our outcomes were reaction time (RT), visual memory, hippocampal volume (HV), white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), and Alzheimer dementia (AD). We also investigated associations between genetic variants for RT (43 variants) and diabetes and HbA1c. We used conventional inverse-variance–weighted (IVW) MR alongside MR sensitivity analyses. Using IVW, genetic liability to type 2 diabetes was not associated with RT (exponentiated β [expβ] = 1.00 [95% CI 1.00; 1.00]), visual memory (expβ = 1.00 [95% CI 0.99; 1.00]), WMHV (expβ = 0.99 [95% CI 0.97; 1.01]), HV (β-coefficient mm3 = −2.30 [95% CI −12.39; 7.78]) or AD (odds ratio [OR] 1.15 [95% CI 0.87; 1.52]). HbA1c was not associated with RT (expβ = 1.00 [95% CI 0.99; 1.02]), visual memory (expβ = 0.99 [95% CI 0.96; 1.02]), WMHV (expβ = 1.03 [95% CI 0.88; 1.22]), HV (β = −21.31 [95% CI −82.96; 40.34]), or risk of AD (OR 1.09 [95% CI 0.42; 2.83]). IVW showed that reaction time was not associated with diabetes risk (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.54; 1.65]), or with HbA1c (β-coefficient mmol/mol = −0.88 [95% CI = −1.88; 0.13]) after exclusion of a pleiotropic variant. Overall, we observed little evidence of causal association between genetic instruments for type 2 diabetes or peripheral glycemia and some measures of cognition and brain structure in midlife.
Low-Dose ATG/GCSF in Established Type 1 Diabetes: A Five-Year Follow-up Report
Authors: Lin Andrea , Mack Jasmine A. , Bruggeman Brittany , Jacobsen Laura M. , Posgai Amanda L. , Wasserfall Clive H. , Brusko Todd M. , Atkinson Mark A. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Gottlieb Peter A. , Gurka Matthew J. , Mathews Clayton E. , Schatz Desmond A. , Haller Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Previously, we demonstrated low-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) immunotherapy preserved C-peptide for 2 years in a pilot study of patients with established type 1 diabetes (n = 25). Here, we evaluated the long-term outcomes of ATG/GCSF in study participants with 5 years of available follow-up data (n = 15). The primary end point was area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide during a 2-h mixed-meal tolerance test. After 5 years, there were no statistically significant differences in AUC C-peptide when comparing those who received ATG/GCSF versus placebo (P = 0.41). A modeling framework based on mean trajectories in C-peptide AUC over 5 years, accounting for differing trends between groups, was applied to recategorize responders (n = 9) and nonresponders (n = 7). ATG/GCSF reponders demonstrated nearly unchanged HbA1c over 5 years (mean [95% CI] adjusted change 0.29% [–0.69%, 1.27%]), but the study was not powered for comparisons against nonresponders 1.75% (–0.57%, 4.06%) or placebo recipients 1.44% (0.21%, 2.66%). These data underscore the importance of long-term follow-up in previous and ongoing phase 2 trials of low-dose ATG in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
Web Vulnerability Through Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Detection with OWASP Security Shepherd
Authors: Wibowo Ripto Mukti , Sulaksono Aruji
Published: February 2021

Web applications are needed as a solution to the use of internet technology that can be accessed globally, capable of displaying information that is rich in content, cost effective, easy to use and can also be accessed by anyone, anytime and anywhere. In the second quarter of 2020, Wearesocial released information related to internet users in the world around 4.54 billion with 59% penetration. People become very dependent on the internet and also technology. This condition was also triggered due to the Covid-19 pandemic.One thing that becomes an issue on website application security is internet attacks on website platforms and we never expected the vulnerability. One type of attack or security threat that often arises and often occurs is Cross Site Scripting (XSS). XSS is one of Top 10 Open Web Application Security Projects (OWASP) lists.There are several alternatives that we can use to prevent cyber-attack. OWASP Security Shepherd can be used as a way to prevent XSS attacks. The OWASP Security Shepherd project allows users to learn or develop their manual penetration testing skills. In this research, there are several case examples or challenges that we can use as a simulation of the role of OWASP Security Shepherd to detect this XSS. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a brief and clear review of technology on OWASP Security Shepherd. This technology was chosen as an appropriate and inexpensive alternative for users to ward off XSS attacks.
THE EFFECT OF ROA, FDR, AND NPF ON THE PROFIT-SHARING RATE FOR MUDHARABAH DEPOSIT IN BPRS, INDONESIA
Authors: Pujiastutik Hurin ‘In
Published: February 2021

Until now, Islamic banking has grown very rapidly. This can be seen from the number of Islamic products that continue to grow and develop. One of them is mudharabah deposit. The profit-sharing rate that is characteristic of mudharabah deposits is the public's appeal to deposit their funds in banks, especially mudharabah deposit products. This study aims to determine the effect of financial ratios on the profit sharing rate of BPRS mudharabah deposits in Indonesia. The population used is the monthly financial reports of all BPRS in Indonesia from January 2012 to April 2018 in the form of time series data. The variables used in this study are Return on Assets (ROA), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Non Performing Financing (NPF) as independent variables, and the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits from Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) as the dependent variable. Simultaneously, the variables ROA, FDR, and NPF together have a significant effect on the profit sharing of BPRS mudharabah deposits in Indonesia. Meanwhile, partially ROA has no significant effect on the profit sharing of BPRS mudharabah deposit in Indonesia. The FDR has a positive and significant effect on the profit sharing of the mudharabah deposits of Islamic rural banks in Indonesia. As well as NPF has a negative and significant effect on the profit sharing of mudharabah deposits in BPRS in Indonesia.
Calculating the Electric Network Operating Parameters Taking into Account the Phase-Shifting Transformer's Variable Reactance
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Loktionov Sergey V. , Kochergin Aleksey V. ,   NRU MPEI, Sharov Aleksey N. ,   NRU MPEI, Loktionov Gleb S. ,   NRU MPEI,  LLC «Sonel»
Published: February 2021

The aim of the work is to study the effect the variation of the phase-shifting transformer (PST) reactance has on the accuracy of calculating its control angle and the electrical network operating parameters obtained as a result of this control. The operating parameters, in particular, active power flows in the electrical circuit branches, are controlled by changing the PST angle; however, in view of the PST design features, this control entails a change of its reactance. Depending on the design features of different PST models and the control angle value, the PST reactance may be constant or vary in a significant range. In connection with a growing use of PSTs in industrially developed countries and with the fact that the first samples of this equipment have emerged in the CIS countries, including Russia, an increased attention is paid to this topic in a number of domestic and foreign publications. In particular, matters concerned with the stability of electric operation modes are considered in view of the fact that the PST reactance depends on its control angle, and the effect this dependence has on the operating parameters is estimated. The necessity of taking into account the varying PST reactance in calculating its control angle for controlling active power flows is considered for different cases. Forced redistribution of active power flows in the closed loops of an electrical network by means of a PST can be used to reduce active power losses and to maintain the required loading of the power lines for various reasons, for example, for commercial purposes or in the case of transit power flows between different countries. In view of the complexity of calculations, constant values of the PST reactance are usually assumed, but this approach is valid not for all types of PST designs. In the majority of PSTs, their reactance varies with increasing the control angle. Therefore, calculations carried out without taking this feature into account may yield a fortiori incorrect correspondence between the control angle and the transformer reactance value. In turn, an error will be introduced in the accuracy of the PST control angle calculations, as well as in the calculations of the operating parameters that should be obtained from the control action.
Designing the Plasma Vertical Position Control System in the KTM Tokamak
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kotov Sergey V. , Pavlov Vadim M. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Zarva Denis B. ,   National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: February 2021

The Tokamak KTM plant with the aspect ratio of A = 2 and a plasma current of around 750 kA, which is being put into operation in Kurchatov (Kazakhstan), will be able to produce heat loads on the tested samples of materials that are characteristic of the ITER plant, and owing to additional HF heating the plasma pulse duration will reach about 4 s. One of the stages of this work involves studies aimed at obtaining an efficient plasma vertical position control system. The system includes special fast control windings located between the toroidal winding and the inner chamber, and also a fast-acting power supply with feedback. Currently, the tokamak inner chamber with all main systems and windings has been assembled, and a plasma discharge with duration of about 100 ms has been obtained in the limiter configuration. To support operation of the plasma vertical position control system, an own power supply has been designed and assembled, which consists of a thyristor rectifier connected in series with a controlled voltage inverter on IGBT transistors, which has a significant margin in power and response speed. Preliminary computation experiments were carried out in the MATLAB environment, which have confirmed the adequacy of the selected power supply and the system for discharging the energy stored in the windings to the water-cooled ballast resistance. With the remaining tokamak systems having sequentially been put into operation and the first experimental data on plasma motion characteristics in the divertor configuration having become available, it is planned to carry out a series of program experiments aimed at developing and optimizing the feedback system controller algorithm in the power supply of the KTM tokamak fast control windings.
View-independent Modeling of Lighting Systems by Local Estimations of the Monte Carlo Method
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Budak Vladimir P. , Zheltov Viktor S. ,   NRU MPEI, Meshkova Tatyana V. ,   «Light&Engineering» Journal, Chembaev Viktor D. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: February 2021

Computer-aided designing of lighting systems has been remaining of relevance for more than ten years. The most popular CAD packages for calculating lighting systems, such as DIAlux and Relux, are based on solving the radiosity equation. By using this equation, the illuminance distributions can be modeled, based on which the standardized quantitative lighting characteristics can be calculated. However, the human eye perceives brightness, not illuminance. The qualitative parameters of lighting are closely linked with the spatial-angular distribution of brightness, for calculation of which it is necessary to solve the global illumination equation. An analysis of the engineering matters concerned with designing of lighting systems points to the obvious need for a so-called view-independent calculation of lighting scenes, which means the possibility to visually represent a scene from different positions of sighting (a camera). The approach based on local estimations of the Monte Carlo method as one of efficient techniques for solving the global illumination equation is considered, and an algorithm for view-independent modeling based on the local estimations method is presented. Various algorithms for solving the problem of searching the intersection for the casted beams from a light source with the studied illumination scene are investigated.
The Dynamics of Continuous Control Systems with Delay Elements as Part of Correction Filters
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Babochkin Mikhail A. , Kolosov Oleg S. ,   NRU MPEI, Kuznetsova Anna A. ,   Federal Tax Service of Russia for Data Centers in Dubna
Published: February 2021

Matters concerned with the application of correction devices containing delay elements are addressed. Such filters are proposed as an alternative to the high-pass filters and low-pass first-order filters that are widely used in control systems. It is shown that by using filters containing delay elements, the power of high-frequency interference in the controller output signal can be reduced by up to 30% in comparison with the conventional filters. It should be noted that these results are obtained in using the proposed filters in closed-loop continuous systems. Two filter configuration versions used in control applications were analyzed. In the first version, the filters are connected in series in the control loop (as applied to astatic systems with a proportional-differentiating controller in both linear and relay modes of operation). In the second version, a correction filter connected in the local feedback is used (taking a generalized representation of the instrument-assisted position tracking system as an example). The article proposes a fairly simple method for determining the parameters of filters with a delay element that make it possible to use conventional techniques for synthesizing controllers in the frequency domain and estimating their dynamic properties.
The Multidimensional Algorithm of Cumulative Sums for Detecting Changes in Time Series Characteristics
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Filaretov Gennadiy F. , Simonenkov Pavel S. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: February 2021

The article presents a cumulative sum algorithm intended to detect a sudden step-like change in the probabilistic characteristics of a monitored time series when such a change (“disorder”) is associated with a simultaneous change in both the location characteristics and the dispersion characteristics of the corresponding distribution functions. In the general case of a multidimensional time series, the disorder is associated with a jump in the values of the mathematical expectation vector (the vector of means) and covariance matrix entries. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a preliminary linear transformation of the time series values, as a result of which the covariance matrix is transformed to the unity form before disordering and to the diagonal form after disordering. The change in the vector of means is analyzed, and the main relations describing the considered detection algorithm are derived. It is noted that by using the above-mentioned linear transformation it is possible to simplify the obtaining of the reference data necessary for synthesizing the monitoring algorithm with the predetermined properties. As an example, a particular case of a one-dimensional time series and a disorder in the form of a simultaneous change in the mean and variance is considered. For this case, reference data obtained by applying the simulation method are given, using which it is possible to find the monitoring algorithm triggering threshold and estimate the average delay time of detecting the specified disorder from the given interval between false alarms. This study is a logical continuation and further development of the approach to construction of multidimensional algorithms for detecting disorders [1].
Teaching in Inclusive Schools: Pedagogical Standpoint While Working with Children with Mental Retardation
Authors: Zohrabyan Zabella
Published: February 2021

The purpose of education is the change anticipated in a person (or group of people) which is implemented by the use of specially planned educational actions, under the influence of activity. This justification becomes more sensitive when children with special educational needs, especially those with mental retardation find themselves in the new educational environment - in an inclusive school.
This literature review paper aims to describe the issues of education in children with mental retardation in schools providing inclusive education.
The study was conducted using literature on theoretical analytical methods.
The results of the study showed the educational work for mentally retarded children in inclusive schools can be implemented if an optimal educational environment is created, training for educators is held and a strong educational system is created.
KLAUSUL KUASA MUTLAK DALAM AKTA JUAL BELI TANAH DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Sinilele Ashar
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on the provisions of Article 1813 of the Civil Code which states that the granting of power ends with the withdrawal of the power of attorney, if it is associated with the clause granting the power of attorney in a binding purchase agreement which is an absolute power or that can’t be revoked, then it is clear that the clause is contrary to existing laws. This is also explained in Article 1814 of the Civil Code regarding the existence of the right of the grantor to withdraw his power of attorney if desired. Thus the absolute power clause is a deviation from the law. Based on the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 14 of 1982, it is also clear that this violates regulations which are still in force. That absolute clausal agreements as applied a lot is a form of contradiction in the law so that it should need to be revised. For data collection this research was carried out at the Palopo City Notary Office regarding the land purchase agreement as regulated in the Civil Code.Keywords: Deed, Buy and Sell, Absolute Power of Attorney.AbstrakBerdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1813 KUH-Perdata yang menyebutkan bahwa pemberian kuasa berakhir dengan ditariknya kembali kuasa penerima kuasa, jika dikaitkan dengan klausul pemberian kuasa pada perjanjian pengikatan jual beli yang merupakan kuasa mutlak atau kuasa yang tidak dapat dicabut kembali, maka jelas bahwa klausul tersebut bertentangan dengan undang-undang yang ada. Hal ini juga dijelaskan pada Pasal 1814 KUH-Perdata tentang adanya hak dari pemberi kuasa dapat menarik kembali kuasanya manakala dikehendaki. Dengan demikian klausul kuasa mutlak merupakan penyimpangan dari undang-undang. Berdasarkan Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 14 Tahun 1982, jelas juga hal tersebut melanggar peraturan yang sampai saat ini masih berlaku. Bahwa perjanjian clausul mutlak sebagaimana banyak diterapkan merupakan suatu bentuk pertantangan di dalam undang-undang sehingga hal tersebut seharusnya perlu mendapat revisi. Untuk pengambilan data penelitian ini dilakukan di kantor Notaris Kota Palopo yang berkenaan tentang perjanjian jual-beli tanah sebagaimana yang diatur dalam KUH-Perdata.Kata Kunci : Akta, Jual Beli, Kuasa Mutlak.
GANTI KERUGIAN PEMBEBASAN TANAH MILIK UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM
Authors: Mustarin Basirah
Published: February 2021

AbstractRoad construction projects for public use, usually involve many locations of land owned by communities with ownership rights. The construction of public facilities made by the government prior to construction must carry out the stages of land acquisition as contained in Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning land acquisition for development in the public interest. The research method used is normative research by using the statutory approach and concept analysis approach. The results showed that the city government provided compensation for the location of land that would be affected by the construction of public facilities. The mechanism of land acquisition or land acquisition in the city is carried out by providing compensation to the value of the land price that will be released in an appropriate and fair manner based on article 9 paragraph (2) of Law Number 2 of 2012. Land issues so far are very relevant to be studied together and considered in depth in relation to policies in the field of land because at the level of policy implementation that has been shown so far has neglected the structural aspects of land tenure, which in turn caused various disputes. Keywords: Compensation, Land Acquisition, Property Rights, Public Interest.AbstrakProyek pembuatan jalan untuk kepentingan umum, biasanya melibatkan banyak lokasi tanah yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat yang berstatus hak milik.  Pembuatan sarana umum yang dibuat oleh pemerintah tersebut sebelum dibangun harus melakukan tahapan pembebasan lahan sebagaimana yang termuat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2012 tentang pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan melakukan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan analisis konsep (Conceptual Approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah kota memberikan ganti kerugian atas lokasi tanah yang akan terkena pembuatan sarana umum tersebut.  Mekanisme pembebasan tanah atau pengadaan tanah di kota dilakukan dengan memberikan ganti kerugian terhadap nilai harga tanah yang akan dibebaskan secara sesuai dan adil berdasarkan pasal 9 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012. Persoalan tanah selama ini sangat relevan dan dipertimbangkan secara mendalam dalam kaitannya dengan kebijakan dibidang pertanahan karena ditingkat implementasi kebijakan yang diperlihatkan selama ini telah mengabaikan aspek struktural penguasaan tanah yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan berbagai macam sengketa.Kata Kunci : Ganti Kerugian, Hak Milik, Kepentingan Umum, Pembebasan Tanah.
The Resilient Adaptation of Budgets to Small and Shock-like Changes
Authors: Pulay Gyula , Simon József
Published: February 2021

After the 2008–2009 global fin­an­cial crisis it be­came even more im­port­ant that the coun­tries ob­served the budget­ary rules, while also being flex­ible in ad­apt­ing to the changes oc­cur­ring dur­ing the year. This is called fiscal re­si­li­ence. This art­icle presents the pos­sible means to cre­ate fiscal re­si­li­ence. Tak­ing into con­sid­er­a­tion the re­com­mend­a­tions of in­ter­na­tional or­gan­isa­tions, it em­phas­ises that the meas­ures en­sur­ing the flex­ib­il­ity of the budget shall be real­ised in a trans­par­ent man­ner. Based on the rel­ev­ant European Union le­gis­la­tion and the Hun­garian reg­u­la­tion and prac­tice the au­thors argue that the con­tent of re­si­li­ence changes in the event of ex­ternal shocks. In that case the re­si­li­ence of the budget shall be sub­or­din­ated to the re­cov­ery of the en­tirety of the eco­nomy, i.e. its re­si­li­ence. The primary goal is not to main­tain the de­fi­cit tar­get but to avoid a severe and per­man­ent eco­nomic down­turn and then to en­cour­age the re­cov­ery.
On the Economic Impacts of the Coronavirus
Authors: Posgay István , Regős Gábor , Horváth Diána , Molnár Dániel
Published: February 2021

The year 2020 saw a new eco­nomic crisis shake the world more deeply than the 2008 one. This down­turn dif­fers from the pre­vi­ous ones: in­stead of the in­ternal pat­terns of the in­di­vidual eco­nom­ies, the pre­dom­in­ant factors to de­term­ine the pace of fall are the con­straints re­lated to the pan­demic. Al­though most of the cur­rently used anti-crisis tools had already de­veloped as a res­ult of the 2008 crisis, new ele­ments in­clude in­creased har­mon­isa­tion between the mon­et­ary and fiscal policies and the speed of their ap­plic­a­tion. The vari­ous eco­nom­ies will re­cover from the eco­nomic low point fun­da­ment­ally by eco­nomic factors, sup­por­ted by fiscal and mon­et­ary policy in­stru­ments, but pan­demic obstacles may emerge and com­pel them to halt. An­other prob­lem is that it may take sev­eral years to achieve pre-crisis out­put levels. This is due to pop­u­la­tion age­ing, the cas­caded de­ploy­ment of the anti-crisis tools, the fu­ture com­pul­sion to re­duce in­debted­ness, the side-ef­fects of the ap­plied anti-crisis rem­ed­ies, the time re­quired by the re­or­gan­isa­tion of global sup­ply chains, slow­down in China’s growth, the ex­pec­ted slow re­cov­ery of the US eco­nomy and the too high propensity to save on be­half of the con­sumers of cer­tain European coun­tries.
Civil Society Associations vs. So-called Non-governmental Organisations
Authors: Varga Csaba
Published: February 2021

Do­mestic lan­guage use makes a dis­tinc­tion between or­gan­isa­tions es­tab­lished on the basis of the in­ternal needs and ini­ti­at­ives of civil so­ci­ety, and non-gov­ern­mental or­gan­isa­tions, the lat­ter un­der­stood as form­a­tions cre­ated and op­er­ated as local agents of in­ter­na­tional net­works, from for­eign­ers’ in­tent and fund­ing. Al­though their pres­ence in the world is noth­ing new, the cur­rent large volume of such or­gan­isa­tions is the product of glob­al­ism and the pur­suit of global con­trol is the cause of their wide spread, ex­tent and net­work-like set-up and op­er­a­tion. The one-way dir­ec­tion from the start­ing point of the in­flu­ence to­wards the tar­get areas evokes the situ­ations of clas­sical col­on­isa­tion, al­though using the soft and hy­brid tools ad­ap­ted to our era. For this reason, as new forms of for­eign in­tru­sion and in­ter­ven­tion, they should ne­ces­sar­ily de­serve the na­tional se­cur­ity at­ten­tion and ap­proach that was once evoked by the former forms, re­gard­less of how this can be achieved in today’s legal situ­ation. However, the lack of dis­tinc­tion and the in­her­ent con­cep­tual am­bi­gu­ity already a pri­ori show the in­ten­tion to hide the genu­ine fea­tures of the lat­ter.
The CSO Sector in Hungary and Certain European Particularities
Authors: Szalay-Bobrovniczky Vince , Kecskés Péter
Published: February 2021

Civil life works well and is highly act­ive in Hun­gary, as presen­ted by the au­thors sup­por­ted by stat­ist­ical data. In terms of their activ­it­ies, or­gan­isa­tional sizes and loc­a­tions, as­so­ci­ations and found­a­tions in today’s Hun­gary give an ex­tremely di­verse pic­ture. Year by year, the fin­an­cial op­por­tun­it­ies avail­able for the civil sec­tor in­crease and re­sources are provided for the pro­act­ive per­form­ance of their tasks. Over­all, state aid, which has in­creased to more than 2.5 times of its ori­ginal amount since 2010, has been able to ef­fect­ively sup­port the fa­vour­able de­vel­op­ments that have taken place in this sec­tor, and this helps the lives of many of us, mak­ing them more use­ful and pro­duct­ive, pre­cisely be­cause of the di­versity of civil activ­it­ies. Com­pared to other coun­tries in the re­gion, we can see that the legal and or­gan­isa­tional frame­work of civil autonomy is en­sured at a high level in Hun­gary, and in terms of con­tent, com­munity build­ing is of para­mount im­port­ance in every­day life.
The Changing Role of Entrepreneurial Universities in the Altering Innovation Policy: Opportunities Arising from the Paradigm Change in Light of the Experience of Széchenyi István University
Authors: Makai Attila Lajos , Rámháp Szabolcs
Published: February 2021

The pro­gress made by the en­tre­pren­eur­ial uni­versity, which is a newly emer­ging cat­egory in Hun­garian higher edu­ca­tion after its change of model, has not only deepened re­la­tions between uni­versit­ies and the in­dustry and in­tens­i­fied the tech­no­logy and know­ledge trans­fer pro­cesses, but also in­creased the role of uni­versit­ies in shap­ing re­gional in­nov­a­tion policy. This trans­form­a­tion places co-op­er­a­tion between the act­ors of the re­gional in­nov­a­tion eco­sys­tem and the re­la­tion­ships between the eco­nomic, gov­ern­mental and aca­demic sys­tems into a new frame­work. The pur­pose of this paper is to de­scribe the pro­cess of the change in the model through a spe­cific ex­ample, and to out­line the fu­ture pos­sib­il­it­ies of uni­versity in­volve­ment in the cur­rently chan­ging Hun­garian in­nov­a­tion policy sys­tem.
Reforms of Local Finance and Taxation in Hungary. Milestones and Junctions Since 1990
Authors: Kecső Gábor
Published: February 2021

The cur­rent sys­tem of Hun­garian local fin­ance and tax­a­tion has evolved through con­sec­ut­ive changes since 1990. Among the many amend­ments to the un­der­ly­ing law, a couple of mile­stones and junc­tions should be poin­ted out. The sig­na­ture of the European Charter of Local-Self Gov­ern­ment in 1994 had sym­bolic im­port­ance. The com­pre­hens­ive re­form after 2010 was the biggest mile­stone without a doubt, be­cause a new con­sti­tu­tion and a new act on local gov­ern­ments were ad­op­ted by Par­lia­ment. Fur­ther­more, it was also de­cis­ive that the cent­ral gov­ern­ment bailed out local gov­ern­ments. Three dif­fer­ent mod­els of con­fin­ing local bor­row­ing have been ap­plied so far. The mar­ket-re­li­ance model was re­placed by pass­ive con­trol in 1996. Act­ive con­trol came into force in 2012. A closed-list ap­proach of local tax­a­tion was ap­plied until 2015, when the open/-list model was in­tro­duced. Even though re­forms have been put in place, local busi­ness tax still pre­vails in the Hun­garian sys­tem of local tax­a­tion, as roughly 80 per cent of all local tax rev­en­ues come from this fiscal levy. Counties were as­signed power to im­pose local taxes in 2020 as a res­ult of the coronavirus le­gis­la­tion. Be­fore this re­form only local gov­ern­ments had been au­thor­ised by law to im­pose local taxes.
LA MEDIACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA EN ESPAÑA E ITALIA: DIFUSIÓN DE UN CONCEPTO PROBLEMÁTICO
Authors: Blini Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

El concepto y la expresión mediación lingüística (ML) se han difundido en los últimos diez años en algunos países de Europa, y especialmente en los ámbitos académicos de España e Italia, donde el uso de ML y de sus derivaciones se caracteriza por un alto nivel de imprecisión léxica y confusión interpretativa, dando lugar a varios inconvenientes. El presente trabajo ofrece un resumen de las situaciones española e italiana con el objetivo de evidenciar analogías y diferencias, para llegar a un balance final y algunas propuestas operativas.
LA TRADUCCIÓN JURÍDICA, JUDICIAL Y JURADA: VÍAS DE COMUNICACIÓN CON LAS ADMINISTRACIONES
Authors: Lobato Patricio Julia
Published: February 2021

Actualmente estamos siendo testigos en la Unión Europea de una normalización lingüística sin precedentes gracias a los acuerdos de cooperación en diversas materias y sobre todo en el ámbito judicial. Esta normalización facilita en gran medida la labor de búsqueda de equivalentes terminológicos a los traductores jurídicos, judiciales y jurados. En el presente artículo analizamos de equivalencia terminológica en el ámbito de la traducción jurídica; comentamos las funciones del intérprete judicial frente al intérprete jurado y finalmente ofrecemos dos ejemplos de traducción jurada con su correspondiente comentario traductológico.
LA SINONIMIA NOCIONAL, UN CASO PECULIAR DE SINONIMIA EN TERMINOLOGÍA
Authors: Thiry Bernard
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo, que parte de una investigación sobre el tema de la Responsabilidad civil extracontractual desde la perspectiva terminológica y terminográfica, analiza varios casos de términos que, sin ser por completo sinónimos entre sí, llegan a confundirse y a designar indistintamente una noción única, produciéndose, pues, una suerte de extensión de la noción de la sinonimia. Este trabajo pretende desmontar el mecanismo de estos casos de indebida sinonimia, acusando y demostrando, en primer lugar, su presencia y los ejemplos que la traicionan y, en última instancia, indicando las normas para realizar la distinción semántica más exacta de sus elementos.
TERMINOLOGÍA Y FRASEOLOGÍA EN LOS DOCUMENTOS MÉDICO-LEGALES (1): EXTRACCIÓN, CLASIFICACIÓN, ANÁLISIS Y TRADUCCIÓN DE UNIDADES DE NATURALEZA BIOSANITARIA
Authors: Martínez López Ana Belén
Published: February 2021

En este artículo pretendemos abordar la problemática de traducción que presentan los documentos médico-legales dentro de la combinación lingüística español-inglés. En este caso, el estudio realizado se basa en un trabajo de campo realizado a partir de un encargo profesional de traducción compuesto de 30 formularios y documentos-tipo relacionados con el ámbito de la reproducción asistida. El resultado final, centrado en las unidades terminológicas y fraseológicas más representativas del corpus de referencia analizado, es un glosario bilingüe de términos médicos (español-inglés) relacionados con la reproducción asistida.
SOBRE LA TRADUCCIÓN DE TÉRMINOS AGRÍCOLAS DEL FRANCÉS AL ESPAÑOL: ESTUDIO DE CASO
Authors: Tijeras López Enriqueta
Published: February 2021

Este artículo que aquí presentamos es el resultado parcial de una investigación terminológica y traductológica llevada a cabo en el Departamento de Lingüística General y Teoría de la Literatura de la Universidad de Granada sobre la problemática de traducción que presenta la terminología especializada de la Agricultura dentro de la combinación lingüística francés-español. En concreto, este estudio se basa en la terminología bilingüe de la patata, extraída de un corpus especializado en francés y en español, publicado en Francia en 2004.
EVALUACIÓN Y AUTOEVALUACIÓN COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE MOTIVACIÓN Y DE CALIDAD EN LA INTERPRETACIÓN CONSECUTIVA
Authors: Vanhecke Katrin , Lobato Patricio Julia
Published: February 2021

La psicología cognitiva defiende la idea de que para explicar el proceso de aprendizaje del alumno hay que tener en cuenta tanto las variables cognitivas como las motivacionales. Los alumnos que experimentan sentimientos de autonomía tienden a buscar retos, a perseverar en las tareas difíciles, a rendir más y a realizar trabajos de mayor calidad que los alumnos controlados por el profesor. Asimismo, resulta de gran utilidad emplear los errores para evaluar el “proceso” del rendimiento del alumno en vez del “producto”. En este artículo nos mostramos diferentes procedimientos de evaluación que forman parte de la metodología de la enseñanza de interpretación consecutiva como elemento clave en la motivación del alumno.
ÉTICA PROFESIONAL DE TRADUCTORES E INTÉRPRETES
Authors: Lobato Patricio Julia
Published: February 2021

Esta obra que aquí presentamos aborda uno de los temas posiblemente menos estudiados, desde una perspectiva académica, del ámbito de la traducción e interpretación.
EL LENGUAJE ERÓTICO EN LA POESÍA FEMENINA CONTEMPORÁNEA ENTRE ESPAÑA E ITALIA
Authors: Ghignoli Alessandro
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se aborda el lenguaje erótico de la poesía femenina contemporánea entre poetas tanto de España como de Italia. El intento es de averiguar las preocupaciones estilísticas formales y de contenido de estas escritoras dentro del panorama literario de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. Estas autoras se expresan a través de una escritura audaz, donde la mujer se sitúa como observador de la figura masculina, convertida en objeto de deseo.
APPROACHING THE AUDIO DESCRIPTION OF HUMOUR
Authors: Martínez-Sierra Juan José
Published: February 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito principal ofrecer una introducción a la audiodescripción (AD) y realizar una aproximación a la cuestión de la audiodescripción del humor. En primer lugar se incluye una definición de la AD, a la vez que se comenta brevemente la situación actual de esta práctica y se mencionan algunos de los trabajos más representativos en este campo. A continuación se presenta un estudio de caso cuyo principal objetivo consistió en analizar (desde una perspectiva descriptiva y centrando la atención en los chistes visuales) la AD de la comedia británica I want Candy (se muestran varios ejemplos con objeto de ilustrar cómo se manejó el humor). Algunos de los resultados obtenidos son: 1) si bien se detectaron ciertos momentos puntuales y marginales en los que la descripción se superpuso al diálogo, en términos generales se respetó la regla de usar los espacios o silencios entre diálogos para incluir la descripción (lo que en ocasiones supuso la pérdida de elementos potencialmente humorísticos) y 2) casi dos quintas partes de los fragmentos visuales potencialmente humorísticos no se describieron, probablemente debido a las restricciones temporales. Por último se proponen algunas ideas de investigación futura.
ICT IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN PORTUGAL. CALL – COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Marçalo Maria João , Fonseca Maria do Céu , Silva Ana Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Este artículo pretende explorar el Aprendizaje de Lenguas Asistido por Ordenador (CALL, Computer-Assisted Language Learning) en Portugal. Para ello, se centrará en el nivel de educación superior. La escasa explotación del CALL en Portugal ha sido ampliamente estudiado en varios informes, por ejemplo, el informe encargado por la UE titulado The Impact of Information and Communications Technologies on the Teaching of Foreign Languages and on the Role of Teachers of Foreign Languages (2002: 5): "The use and employment of ICT in FLT and FLL is far from satisfactory, as ICT resources are traditionally reserved for '(computer) science‘ subjects, and rarely assigned to arts subjects. A general lack of appropriate training of language teachers in meaningful uses of ICT tends to strengthen this trend". Este artículo abordará dichas necesidades centrándose en los resultados de proyectos europeos como POOLS. Analizaremos cuestiones relativas a los materiales en línea que pueden utilizarse para desarrollar contenidos de clases de lengua, hacienda uso de las ventajas del e-Learning.
VARIACIÓN SOCIAL DEL LÉXICO DISPONIBLE EN LA CIUDAD DE MÁLAGA
Authors: Luque Nadal Lucía
Published: February 2021

Los trabajos sobre disponibilidad léxica cuentan con arraigada tradición en el ámbito de la lexicoestadística. Si embargo, este trabajo es novedoso porque 1) se ha pretendido conocer cuál es y cómo se estratifica el vocabulario más disponible entre los hablantes de una ciudad completa y 2) se ha redefinido el concepto de 'disponibilidad léxica‘ como una variable a disposición de los hablantes más que como un atributo de las piezas léxicas.
SOBRE ALGUNOS MITOS DEL VOCABULARIO TÉCNICO: UN TRADUCTOR ADVERTIDO VALE POR DOS
Authors: Vicente Christian
Published: February 2021

En este artículo, nos ocuparemos de analizar algunos aspectos del problema de la distancia que separa la terminología teórica, disciplina académica en los estudios de traducción, y la terminología real, tal y como se practica en el mundo profesional y es observable en la realidad. En efecto, lo que durante mucho tiempo se ha presentado como fundamentos de la terminología en manuales y cursos destinados a traductores e intérpretes, no es otra cosa que un conjunto de principios casi siempre prescriptivos de lo que la terminología debería ser y no de lo que es. En este artículo analizaremos, con ejemplos reales en francés y español, algunos de estos mitos, idealizaciones y falsas ideas que han circulado en la terminología como disciplina académica y sobre los que habría que alertar a los futuros traductores: los problemas de imprecisión, de inestabilidad, de exhaustividad y de uniformidad de la terminología, entre otros.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA ESPECIALIZADA SOBRE TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN: COLECCIONES DE TRADUCCIÓN Y LEXICOGRAFÍA DE EDICIONES TRAGACANTO (2008-2012)
Authors: Martínez López Ana Belén
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo bibliográfico recoge las obras publicadas en distintas colecciones de Ediciones Tragacanto (Granada, España). Presentamos todas las obras publicadas en esta editorial entre 2009 y 2012, divididas en distintas secciones según la colección de traducción e interpretación y disciplinas elacionadas en la que han sido publicadas (Teoría de la traducción, Lingüística, Traducción Audiovisual, Lexicografía, Terminología, etc.).
DISEÑOS Y MÉTODOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN TRADUCCIÓN
Authors: Martínez López Ana Belén
Published: February 2021

Es esta una monografía que resulta de gran utilidad para todos aquellos que han de enfrentarse por primera vez a la realización de una investigación traductológica, ya sea porque han de realizar un TFG (Trabajo Fin de Grado), un TFM (Trabajo Fin de Máster) o porque han decidido embarcar en la aventura de preparar una tesis doctoral.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA ESPECIALIZADA SOBRE TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN: LA COLECCIÓN INTERLINGUA DE LA EDITORIAL COMARES DE GRANADA (1996-2015)
Authors: Ortega Arjonilla Emilio , San Ginés Aguilar Pedro
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo bibliográfico recoge las obras publicadas en la colección Interlingua de la editorial granadina Comares. Así, se presentan todas las obras publicadas hasta la fecha (1996-2015), así como las que están en prensa y en preparación, divididas según la rama de los Estudios en Traducción e Interpretación de que se ocupen (teoría de la traducción, estudios lingüísticos, interpretación, traducción científica y técnica, traducción jurídica, audiovisual, literaria, terminología, etc.).
Caprara, Giovanni y Alessandro Ghignoli (dirs.) (2015). TENDENCIAS CULTURALES EN ITALIA. ENTRE LITERATURA, ARTE Y TRADUCCIÓN
Authors: Romero Benguigui Daniel
Published: February 2021

Tendencias culturales en Italia: Entre literatura, arte y traducción, proyecto dirigido por Giovanni Caprara y Alessandro Ghignoli, ambos docentes de la Universidad de Málaga, contempla un objetivo muy claro: abarcar los elementos definitorios de la cultura italiana a través de diversas manifestaciones. Para alcanzar esta meta no se ocupa únicamente de la literatura nacional (aunque esta conforma una parte importante de la obra), sino que procura extenderse a otras facetas de la cultura, como perfectamente se indica en el subtítulo.
EL ENFOQUE COGNITIVO CONCEPTUAL DE TIEMPO EN LA METÁFORA: UN ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE ÁRABE Y ESPAÑOL
Authors: Sakran Dawood Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Desde la aparición de la teoría de la metáfora conceptual (TMC en adelante) en 1980, la concepción tradicional de la figura de la metáfora contrasta con la de los estudios más recientes en torno a la misma. A pesar de lo que revelan estos estudios, la metáfora es muchas veces vista como una mera parte del lenguaje cotidiano. Otras veces, sin embargo, se asocia sólo al lenguaje literario.En este artículo vamos a hacer un estudio comparativo mediante el desarrollo, al menos parcialmente, de un análisis comparativo de las metáforas conceptuales de tiempo entre dos lenguas (no relacionadas entre sí por tener orígenes tan distintos) como son el árabe y el español. Por otra parte, la presente investigación trata de mostrar cómo el concepto abstracto del tiempo se conceptualiza en términos más concretos, es decir, en ambos idiomas, se conceptualiza el tiempo como una entidad en movimiento.
Lépinette, Brigitte y Julia Pinilla Martínez (eds.) (2016). RECONSTRUYENDO EL PASADO DE LA TRADUCCIÓN. A PROPÓSITO DE OBRAS FRANCESAS ESPECIALIZADAS, CIENTÍFICAS Y TÉCNICAS EN SUS VERSIONES ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: Ortega Arjonilla Emilio
Published: February 2021

Esta obra que aquí reseño supone una continuación en una línea de investigación asentada que, bajo la dirección de las profesoras Brigitte Lépinette y Julia Pinilla, ya ha difundido sus resultados de investigación en monografías previas, como la titulada Traducción y difusión de la ciencia y la técnica en España (siglos XVI-XIX), que también ha sido objeto de consideración en la compilación de reseñas que recoge este número 9 de la revista Entreculturas.
Valcárcel, Carlos y Terencia Silva (coords.) (2016). ESCRITOS SOBRE LEXICOGRAFÍA PLURILINGÜE ESPECIALIZADA
Authors: Martínez López Ana Belén
Published: February 2021

He aquí una monografía especializada en la que se da cuenta, entre otras cosas, de los fundamentos en los que se basa la elaboración de un diccionario plurilingüe de marketing y publicidad, que fue publicado en el año 2009 por la editorial @becedario.
Mirando más allá al héroe de la república y al fotógrafo del imperio. Porfirio Díaz y la fotografía
Authors: Aguilar Ochoa Arturo
Published: February 2021

Después de poco más de cinco años de luchar contra la Intervención Francesa, el emperador Maximiliano de Habsburgo finalmente fue derrotado y fusilado en las medianas del Cerro de las Campanas en Querétaro en 1867. La República volvió triunfante, y sus artífices comenzaban a vislumbrar nuevas posiciones de poder. Tal fue el caso del general Porfirio Díaz, quien, sintiéndose merecedor del triunfo, más que el presidente Benito Juárez, vio en la fotografía la posibilidad de propagar su imagen entre la gente y así ganar adeptos en la futura contienda electoral. El general oaxaqueño recurrió a los servicios de los fotógrafos más afamados del momento, como el francés François Aubert, quien correspondió con gusto a la solicitud. El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de analizar el contexto histórico en el que Díaz acudió a los estudios para retratarse. Se explora, además, la actividad de Aubert como fotógrafo en México, su paso por la corte de Maximiliano, el viaje a Querétaro para documentar la caída del imperio y su regreso a la capital para testimoniar la entrada de Juárez y ponerse al servicio de Porfirio Díaz.