bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Pareto‐fronts in the presence of epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Serafinska Aleksandra , Kaliske Michael , Graf Wolfgang
Published: November 2013

Numerical design methods based on deterministic multi‐objective optimization provide — for conflicting objective functions — a Pareto‐optimal set including diverse trade‐off solutions. Based on the visualization of the set in the objective space — the Pareto‐front — the decision maker is able to choose a satisfying design. Though, the presence of uncertain input variables in the optimization task requires a new concept for the identification of the Pareto‐front and the projection of uncertainty within the front. In this contribution, an approach for considering the epistemic uncertainty within the evolutionary multi‐objective optimization method based on Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) is presented. The description of uncertainty occurs within the framework of the Fuzzy set theory. The proposed approach is coupled to the Finite Element Analysis and response surface approximations based on artificial neural networks. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced Identification of Process Parameters in Technological Forming
Authors: Rozgić Marco , Appel Robert , Stiemer Marcus
Published: November 2013

Mathematical optimisation of real technological forming processes requires expensive simulations to evaluate objective function and constraint values as well as their derivative and Hessian information. The costs of these evaluations are directly correlated to the refinement depth of the finite‐element discretisation. This work investigates the effect of the refinement level on the result and convergence behaviour of algorithmic process parameter identification with an elastoviscoplastic material model. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diagonal scaling of a special type and its benefits
Authors: Šanca Ernest , Kostić Vladimir
Published: November 2013

For certain subclasses of H‐matrices we will exploit the structure of their scaling matrix to improve known results in several areas of applied linear algebra: convergence theory of relaxation methods, estimation of infinity norm of the matrix inverse and determinant estimation. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effectiveness of cut‐off scales models for variable resolution methods
Authors: Basara Branislav
Published: November 2013

Variable resoltion methods can be divided in two groups, bridging and zonal methods. The bridging method is aimed to provide the best possible physical fidelity on any given numerical grid while varying seamlessly between Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) model and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). Two of the most developed bridging methods are the partially integrated transport model (PITM) and partially averaged Navier‐Stokes (PANS) model. The PANS model was choosen here as the basic approach for the further theoretical extension but the conclusions derived in this work can be applied to the PITM model as well. It was shown in earlier studies that the implied cut‐off for the PANS method can be placed in any part of the spectrum including the dissipation range. This is done by varying the unresolved‐to‐total ratios of kinetic energy and dissipation. In the practice, the parameter which determines the unresolved‐to‐total kinetic energy ratio is defined by using the grid spacing and calculated integral length scale of turbulence. When the grid size is smaller, then more of the turbulent kinetic energy can be resolved. In the previous approach, the integral scale of turbulence is obtained by using resolved turbulence calculated as a difference between the instantaneous filtered velocity and the averaged velocity field. Such approach is impractical for cases with moving geometries or with transient boundaries. An alternative solution is to solve an additional equation for the resolved kinetic energy and then, the resolution parameter can be directly calculated as the equation for the unresolved kinetic energy is anyway solved. It must be only ensured that a modeled cut‐off length scale is larger than a numerical grid cell size. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal Actuator Placement for Dynamical Systems
Authors: Schäfer Carsten , Ulbrich Stefan
Published: November 2013

Vibrations occur in many industrial areas and produce undesirable side effects. To avoid respectively suppress these effects actuators can be attached to the structure. Actuators can transfer forces into the structure, which can be used to control the system behavior of the structure in order to achieve, for example, vibration absorption, noise reduction and/or exact positioning. The appropriate positioning of actuators is of significant importance for the controllability of the structure. We present a method for determining the optimal actuator placement.

We consider applications, where the dynamics of a system can be described by a finite dimensional, controllable and observable state‐space model. The concept of controllability by Kálmán forms the basis for the definition of controllability measures. In this context, the controllability gramian plays an important role. In our approach actuators are placed in such a way that the selected controllability measure becomes maximal. This leads to an optimization problem with binary and continuous variables and linear matrix inequalities. The numerical results show the optimal actuator placement for a two dimensional flexible clamped plate. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ground Contact Detection with Shortstroke Buttons for Biped Robots
Authors: Ewald Alexander , Beutler Fabian , Buschmann Thomas
Published: November 2013

Robust walking motion of humanoid robots requires a sensor system that can accurately sense the robot's state and its environment. Especially in case the ground is not modeled and uneven, information about the contact state is crucial to initiate an appropriate response. Many humanoid robots use strain gauge‐based force/torque sensors to obtain information about the contact state. In this paper, we propose the integration of shortstroke buttons in the foot design to detect ground contact faster and more reliably. Simulation results with our robot Lola suggest that impact forces in case of an unexpected ground contact can be reduced significantly by integrating these sensors. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling structural variability in reduced order models of machine tool assembly groups via parametric MOR
Authors: Benner Peter , Lang Norman , Saak Jens
Published: November 2013

We present a parametric model order reduction (PMOR) method applied to a parameter depending generalized state‐space system, which describes the evolution of the temperature field on a vertical stand of a machine tool assembly group induced by a moving tool slide. The position of this slide parametrizes the input matrix of the associated system. The main idea is to compute projection matrices Vj, Wj in certain parameter sample points μj and concatenate them to the projection bases V, W, respectively, as described in [1]. Instead of using the iterative rational Krylov algorithm (IRKA) to produce the projection matrices in each parameter sample point as suggested there, here we use the well known method of balanced truncation (BT). The numerical results show that for the same reduced order r obtained from V, W ∈ ℝn×r, BT produces a parametric reduced order model (ROM) of similar accuracy as IRKA in less time. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Euclidean Norm Balancing
Authors: Damm Tobias , Muhirwa Luc N.
Published: November 2013

We recall Euclidean norm balancing of linear time‐invariant control systems and extend it to other classes of systems. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of Electrolytes in the Modeling of Batteries
Authors: Dreyer Wolfgang , Guhlke Clemens , Müller Rüdiger
Published: November 2013

Calculating the cell voltage of a lead‐acid battery requires the solution of a complex multiphysical problem including electrochemical reactions on the electrode surfaces and diffusive transport in the enclosed electrolyte. Recently, the authors proposed a new electrolyte model with a thermodynamically correct coupling of mechanics to the diffusive transport. In the analysis of that model, formal asymptotic expansions were applied to handle sharp interface layers. Here, we use this analysis to formulate a simplified model for a lead‐acid battery such that it is not necessary to resolve the layers numerically, but instead there are jump conditions at double layers imposed. The cell voltage is then derived using Butler‐Volmer Formula. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new closure mitigating the sub‐shock phenomenon in the continuous shock‐structure problem
Authors: Schärer Roman P. , Torrilhon Manuel
Published: November 2013

Moment equations offer an attractive framework for modeling non‐equilibrium processes in moderately rarefied gases. We present a new hyperbolic closure for the 5‐moment system in the one‐dimensional setting that couples the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy to two evolution equations of higher, non‐equilibrium moments. The new closure, given in closed‐form, depends on a regularization parameter β that is related to the non‐linearity around the equilibrium state, so as to mitigate the appearing sub‐shock in the continuous shock‐structure problem. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DAE‐index monitoring for semi‐discretized viscous Cosserat rod models
Authors: Schießl Stefan , Arne Walter , Marheineke Nicole , Wegener Raimund
Published: November 2013

The dynamics of viscous jets due to external forces like gravity and aerodynamics can be described by Cosserat rod models consisting of a system of partial and ordinary differential equations. Depending on the formulation of the equations, in particular the compatibility conditions, the semi‐discretization in space yields systems of differential‐algebraic equations (DAE) in time of different indices. We present a DAE‐index monitoring and discuss the numerical results for the application in a rotational 2d fiber spinning scenario. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators and Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann maps
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Kühn Christian , Rohleder Jonathan
Published: November 2013

Eigenvalues and eigenspaces of selfadjoint Schrödinger operators on ${\rm I\!R}^n$ are expressed in terms of Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann maps corresponding to Schrödinger operators on the upper and lower half space. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Damage and delamination processes in thermo‐viscoelastic materials
Authors: Thomas Marita
Published: November 2013

This contribution addresses several models for rate‐independent damage and delamination processes in thermo‐viscoelastic materials. In the spirit of continuum damage mechanics, both degradation phenomena are modeled by means of internal variables, governed by a rate‐independent flow rule. The latter is coupled in a highly nonlinear way with the heat equation and the momentum balance for the displacements. We present a suitable weak formulation for this class of models, and discuss existence and approximation results in the framework of variational convergence. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of boundary approximation on transfer operators between non‐nested meshes
Authors: Dickopf Thomas , Krause Rolf
Published: November 2013

Finite element methods with non‐matching meshes can offer increased flexibility in many applications. Although the specific reasons for the use of non‐matching meshes are apparently diverse, the common difficulty in all these numerical methods is the transfer of finite element approximation associated with one mesh to finite element approximation associated with another mesh. This paper complements previous quantitative studies of transfer operators between finite element spaces associated with unrelated meshes (T. Dickopf, R. Krause, Evaluating local approximations of the L2‐orthogonal projection between non‐nested finite element spaces, Tech. Rep. 2012‐01, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, 2012). We study the important use case in which functions are mapped between a regular background mesh and an unstructured mesh of a complex geometry. Here, the former does not approximate the latter. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure Evolution during Nanoindentation by the Quasicontinuum Method
Authors: Amelang Jeffrey S. , Venturini Gabriela N. , Kochmann Dennis M.
Published: November 2013

A new energy‐based quasicontinuum formulation is presented which is based on sampling the crystal energy at carefully‐chosen lattice sites and which allows for efficiently bridging from the atomistic to the continuum length scale. The presented technique is applied to experiments of nanoindentation whose microstructure‐induced size effects can now be studied with full atomistic detail at the micrometer scale without the necessity of phenomenological material models. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Residual saturated porous media – from oscillating water blobs to waves in ground earth
Authors: Kurzeja Patrick , Steeb Holger
Published: November 2013

A model for wave propagation in residual saturated porous media is presented distinguishing enclosed fluid clusters with respect to their eigenfrequency and damping properties. The additional micro‐structure information of cluster specific damping is preserved during the formal upscaling process and allows a stronger coupling between micro‐ and macro‐scale than characterisation via eigenfrequencies alone.

A numerical example of sandstone filled with air and liquid clusters of different eigenfrequency and damping distributions is given. If energy dissipation due to viscous damping dominates energy storage due to cluster oscillations, the damping distribution is more influential than the eigenfrequency distribution and vice versa. Spreading the damping distribution around a constant mean value supported the effect of capillary forces and spreading the eigenfrequency distribution around a constant mean value supported the effect of viscous damping in the investigated samples. For a wide distribution of the liquid clusters' damping properties, two damping mechanisms of propagating waves occur at the same time: damping due to viscous effects (for highly damped clusters) and energy storage by cluster oscillations (for underdamped clusters). (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PTEN loss and KRAS activation leads to the formation of serrated adenomas and metastatic carcinoma in the mouse intestine
Authors: Davies Emma J , Marsh Durban Victoria , Meniel Valerie , Williams Geraint T , Clarke Alan R
Published: November 2013

Mutation or loss of the genes PTEN and KRAS have been implicated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and have been shown to co‐occur despite both playing a role in the PI3' kinase (PI3'K) pathway. We investigated the role of these genes in intestinal tumour progression in vivo, using genetically engineered mouse models, with the aim of generating more representative models of human CRC. Intestinal‐specific deletion of Pten and activation of an oncogenic allele of Kras was induced in wild‐type (WT) mice and mice with a predisposition to adenoma development (Apcfl/+). The animals were euthanized when they became symptomatic of a high tumour burden. Histopathological examination of the tissues was carried out, and immunohistochemistry used to characterize signalling pathway activation. Mutation of Pten and Kras resulted in a significant life‐span reduction of mice predisposed to adenomas. Invasive adenocarcinoma was observed in these animals, with evidence of activation of the PI3'K pathway but no metastasis. However, mutation of Pten and Kras in WT animals not predisposed to adenomas led to perturbed homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium and the development of hyperplastic polyps, dysplastic sessile serrated adenomas and metastasizing adenocarcinomas with serrated features. These studies demonstrate synergism between Pten and Kras mutations in intestinal tumour progression, in an autochthonous and immunocompetent murine model, with potential application to preclinical drug testing. In particular, they show that Pten and Kras mutations alone predispose mice to the spectrum of serrated lesions that reflect the serrated pathway of CRC progression in humans. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. www.pathsoc.org.uk
Proteome reference maps of the Lotus japonicus nodule and root
Authors: Dam Svend , Dyrlund Thomas F. , Ussatjuk Anna , Jochimsen Bjarne , Nielsen Kasper , Goffard Nicolas , Ventosa Miguel , Lorentzen Andrea , Gupta Vikas , Andersen Stig U. , Enghild Jan J. , Ronson Clive W. , Roepstorff Peter , Stougaard Jens
Published: November 2013

Legume symbiosis with rhizobia results in the formation of a specialized organ, the root nodule, where atmospheric dinitrogen is reduced to ammonia. In Lotus japonicus (Lotus), several genes involved in nodule development or nodule function have been defined using biochemistry, genetic approaches, and high‐throughput transcriptomics. We have employed proteomics to further understand nodule development. Two developmental stages representing nodules prior to nitrogen fixation (white) and mature nitrogen fixing nodules (red) were compared with roots. In addition, the proteome of a spontaneous nodule formation mutant (snf1) was determined. From nodules and roots, 780 and 790 protein spots from 2D gels were identified and approximately 45% of the corresponding unique gene accessions were common. Including a previous proteomics set from Lotus pod and seed, the common gene accessions were decreased to 7%. Interestingly, an indication of more pronounced PTMs in nodules than in roots was determined. Between the two nodule developmental stages, higher levels of pathogen‐related 10 proteins, HSPs, and proteins involved in redox processes were found in white nodules, suggesting a higher stress level at this developmental stage. In contrast, protein spots corresponding to nodulins such as leghemoglobin, asparagine synthetase, sucrose synthase, and glutamine synthetase were prevalent in red nodules. The distinct biochemical state of nodules was further highlighted by the conspicuous presence of several nitrilases, ascorbate metabolic enzymes, and putative rhizobial effectors.
Hydrophilic nanocomposites based on polyurethane/poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) semi‐IPNs and modified/unmodified nanosilica for biomedical applications
Authors: Stamatopoulou Constantina , Klonos Panagiotis , Koutsoumpis Stefanos , Gun'ko Vladimir , Pissis Polycarpos , Karabanova Lyudmyla
Published: November 2013

Nanocomposites based on sequential semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) of cross‐linked polyurethane and linear poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with 0.25 and 3 wt % of nanosilica filler were prepared and investigated. The unmodified silica, carboxyl‐modified, and amino‐modified silica were used in an attempt to control the microphase separation of the polymer matrix by polymer–filler interactions. A variety of experimental techniques were used to study morphology, thermal transitions, mechanical properties, and polymer dynamics of the nanocomposites. Special attention was paid to the investigation of the hydration properties of the nanocomposites in the perspective of biomedical applications. The results show that the good hydration properties of the semi‐IPN matrix are preserved in the nanocomposites. Effects of water on polymer dynamics were found to be particularly pronounced for the secondary βsw,PHEMA and the βPU relaxations, in agreement with interpretations in terms of hydrogen bonding interactions with specific groups in the structure of the two polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 397–408
Towards area‐wide control of Bactrocera invadens: prospects of the sterile insect technique and molecular entomology
Authors: Ogaugwu Christian E
Published: November 2013

It is 10 years since the first detection of the invader fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens, in sub‐Saharan Africa. The pest continues to hamper fruit production and create barriers to trade. Strategies currently employed to control B. invadens are insufficient, and more effective area‐wide strategies are needed. The sterile insect technique and molecular entomology approaches have high potential and could help to bring about effective area‐wide control of the pest if adopted and used as components of area‐wide integrated pest management. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A dynamic malware analyzer against virtual machine aware malicious software
Authors: Pektaş Abdurrahman , Acarman Tankut
Published: November 2013

Nowadays, cyber‐world is being enriched by a large variety of digital information technology‐based services. An increasing rate of remote and mobile usage leads to a remarkable dependency on information security. Analysis and detection of malicious software or so‐called malware is a challenging task due to the introduction of advanced obfuscation techniques by malware authors. In this study, we mainly concentrate on anti‐virtual machine evasion techniques to provide secure and reproducible environments for malware analysis and its implementation issues. Malwares are identified on the basis of their behaviors by taking precautions related to the anti‐virtual machine detection techniques. The dynamic malware analyzer tool is deployed to execute anti‐virtual machine‐aware malware samples in VMware environment. Dynamic malware analyzer monitors system resources such as connections, processes, windows registry, and file operations. Success ratio of detection is tested by using public malware sets with an accuracy of 92%. The effectiveness and success of the behavior‐based malware analyzer tool is exploited and current state of the art of malware detection schemes is presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Intelligent Nanotheranostic Agent for Targeting, Redox‐Responsive Ultrasound Imaging, and Imaging‐Guided High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Wang Xia , Chen Hangrong , Zhang Kun , Ma Ming , Li Faqi , Zeng Deping , Zheng Shuguang , Chen Yu , Jiang Lixin , Xu Huixiong , Shi Jianlin
Published: November 2013

A novel multifunctional nanotheranostic agent with targeting, redox‐responsive ultrasound imaging and ultrasound imaging‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy (MSNC‐PEG‐HASS‐PFH, abbreviated as MPHSS‐PFH) capabilities is developed. The redox‐responsive guest molecule release and ultrasound imaging functions can be both integrated in such a “smart” theranostic agent, which is accomplished by the redox‐triggered transition from the crosslinking state to retrocrosslinking state of the grafted polyethylene glycol‐disulfide hyaluronic acid molecules on the particle surface when reaching a reducing environment in vitro. More importantly, under the tailored ultrasound imaging guiding, in vivo Hela tumor‐bearing nude mice can be thoroughly and spatial‐accurately ablated during HIFU therapy, due to the targeted accumulation, responsive ultrasound imaging guidance and the synergistic ablation functions of nanotheranostic agent MPHSS‐PFH in the tumors. This novel multifunctional nano‐platform can serve as a promising candidate for further studies on oncology therapy, due to its high stability, responsive and indicative ultrasound imaging of tumors, and enhanced HIFU therapeutic efficiency and spatial accuracy under ultrasound‐guidance.
Brückenlager sprengen
Authors: Mende Volker
Published: November 2013

Trotz der Relevanz für die Brückeninstandhaltung finden vorhandene Minenanlagen in Brückenpfeilern in der Fachliteratur keinerlei Beachtung. Der Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklungsgeschichte dieser Anlagen in Deutschland seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Es wird dargestellt, welche konstruktiven Auswirkungen Minenanlagen auf Pfeiler und Auflagerbereiche hatten und noch immer haben.

Demolishing bridge bearings – Bridge pillars with permanent mine chambers. Bridge pillars with permanent mine chambers are not noted in technical literature and bridge maintenance. This paper explores an outline history of these constructions, executed in Germany since 19th century. Discussing the constructive effects of mine chambers, the ongoing influences to bridge pillars and bearings will be pointed out.
A combination of genetic algorithm‐based fuzzy C‐means with a convex hull‐based regression for real‐time fuzzy switching regression analysis: application to industrial intelligent data analysis
Authors: Azhar Ramli Azizul , Watada Junzo , Pedrycz Witold
Published: November 2013

Processing an increasing volume of data, especially in industrial and manufacturing domains, calls for advanced tools of data analysis. Knowledge discovery is a process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing the results into some useful and transparent findings. To address such challenges, a thorough extension and generalization of well‐known techniques such as regression analysis becomes essential and highly advantageous. In this paper, we extend the concept of regression models so that they can handle hybrid data coming from various sources which quite often exhibit diverse levels of data quality. The major objective of this study is to develop a sound vehicle of a hybrid data analysis, which helps in reducing the computing time, especially in cases of real‐time data processing. We propose an efficient real‐time fuzzy switching regression analysis based on a genetic algorithm‐based fuzzy C‐means associated with a convex hull‐based fuzzy regression approach. The method enables us to deal with situations when one has to deal with heterogeneous data which were derived from various database sources (distributed databases). In the proposed design, we emphasize a pivotal role of the convex hull approach, which is essential to alleviate the limitations of linear programming when being used in modeling of real‐time systems. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Refinement of inverter model considering dead‐time for performance improvement in predictive instantaneous current control
Authors: Imura Akihiro , Takahashi Tomoya , Fujitsuna Masami , Zanma Tadanao , Doki Shinji
Published: November 2013

Model predictive instantaneous‐current control (MPIC), which was proposed in our earlier works, enables us to achieve better instantaneous current control using mathematical models of an inverter and permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). However, dead‐time to avoid short breakdown in the inverter is not usually considered in a general inverter model. Such an unmodeled part in the inverter model prevents accurate prediction of current evolution in motor systems based on the model predictive control. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze current response resulting from the dead‐time in the MPIC, and propose a refined inverter model considering the dead‐time so that control performance is improved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiments. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Cogenerative Dialogues to Foster Community and Support English Language Learner Students' Learning
Authors: Wassell Beth A. , Martin Sonya N. , Scantlebury Kathryn
Published: November 2013

Given the collaborative nature of the TESOL profession, models are needed that provide opportunities for teachers and other school‐based stakeholders to interact with students to understand their successes, challenges, and particular needs more clearly. In this article, the authors advocate for the use of cogenerative dialogues, a promising practice for learning more about the teaching and learning needs of English language learners (ELLs) in a specific learning context. Cogenerative dialogues are discussions involving students and teachers that foreground problems and generate strategies to improve teaching and learning. The dialogues were implemented as part of a larger, mixed‐methods study in two urban middle school science classrooms in the United States. The authors discuss beneficial outcomes and tensions for both ELL students and teachers. Benefits included (1) creating opportunities for students to develop a voice, (2) assuming responsibilities for learning, (3) sharing responsibilities for language acquisition and learning, and (4) developing a sense of community. They also address two other specific concerns: the language proficiency levels of the students who are involved, and the cultural practices around critiquing teaching and learning.
The 50:50 method for PCR‐based seamless genome editing in yeast
Authors: Horecka Joe , Davis Ronald W.
Published: November 2013

The ability to edit the yeast genome with relative ease has contributed to the organism being a model eukaryote for decades. Most methods for deleting, inserting or altering genomic sequences require transformation with DNA that carries the desired change and a selectable marker. One‐step genome editing methods retain the selectable marker. Seamless genome editing methods require more steps and a marker that can be used for both positive and negative selection, such as URA3. Here we describe the PCR‐based 50:50 method for seamless genome editing, which requires only two primers, one PCR with a URA3 cassette, and a single yeast transformation. Our method is based on pop‐in/pop‐out gene replacement and is amenable to the facile creation of genomic deletions and short insertions or substitutions. We used the 50:50 method to make two conservative loss‐of‐function mutations in MATα1, with results suggesting that the wild‐type gene has a new function outside of that presently known. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexa‐ to Octamolybdate Rearrangement leads to the New Coordination Polymer [Ag(PhCN)(thb)]4[β‐Mo8O26](PhCN)2
Authors: Kulikov Vladislav , Meyer Gerd
Published: November 2013

Polyoxomolybdates tend to re‐agglomerate to β‐octamolybdate upon reaction with Ag+ under hydrothermal conditions and in organic solvents. Consistent with this tendency, a new coordination polymer [Ag(PhCN)(thb)]4[β‐Mo8O26](PhCN)2 (thb = theobromine) (1) was obtained and characterized by single crystal XRD, powder XRD, DTA/TG, IR, UV/Vis, and elemental analysis. 1 is a one‐dimensional coordination polymer, in which octamolybdate anions are joined by [Ag(PhCN)(thb)]+ cations along the crystallographic a axis. A firm network of intermolecular interactions, especially between self‐pairing thb ligands, interlinks these chains. Salt 1 is turned into MoO2 and Ag upon thermolysis in an intramolecular redox reaction.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Two Manganese(II) and Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Based on Biphenyl‐3, 3′,4, 4′‐tetracarboxylic Acid
Authors: Song Juan , Shu Hui‐Ming , Hu Huai‐Ming , Liu Bin , Han Zhong‐Xi , Xue Gan‐Lin
Published: November 2013

Two coordination polymers, [Mn2(btc)(phen)4]n·7nH2O (1) and [Co2(btc)(phen)(H2O)2]n·nH2O (2) (H4btc = biphenyl‐3, 3′,4, 4′‐tetracarboxylic acid, phen = 1, 10‐phenanthroline) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 has a 1D chain structure in which the dinuclear Mn2 units are linked through (btc)4– ligands. Magnetic measurements revealed weak antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange coupling interactions between MnII and CoII ions in 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, both compounds have good thermal stabilities.
Brain creatine depletion in vegetarians? A cross-sectional 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study
Authors: Yazigi Solis Marina , de Salles Painelli Vítor , Giannini Artioli Guilherme , Roschel Hamilton , Concepción Otaduy Maria , Gualano Bruno
Published: November 2013

The present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the influence of diet on brain creatine (Cr) content by comparing vegetarians with omnivores. Brain Cr content in the posterior cingulate cortex was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Dietary Cr intake was assessed by 3 d food recalls. Vegetarians had lower dietary Cr intake than omnivores (0·03 (sd 0·01) v. 1·34 (sd 0·62) g/d, respectively; P= 0·005). However, vegetarians and omnivores had comparable brain total Cr content (5·999 (sd 0·811) v. 5·917 (sd 0·665) IU, respectively; P= 0·77). In conclusion, dietary Cr did not influence brain Cr content in healthy individuals, suggesting that in normal conditions brain is dependent on its own Cr synthesis.
Care managers' experiences of cross-cultural needs assessment meetings: the case of late-in-life immigrants
Authors: FORSSELL EMILIA , TORRES SANDRA , OLAISON ANNA
Published: November 2013

Research on care managers' experiences of the needs assessment process is scarce even though the literature on needs assessment practice is relatively extensive. One of the research areas that has not received attention yet is the way in which care managers experience the challenges that are presumably posed by increased ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious diversity among prospective elder care recipients. This article addresses this research gap. It is based on a project that aims to shed light on care managers' experiences of the needs assessment process in general and cross-cultural needs assessment meetings in particular. The data are constituted of focus group interviews with care managers in Sweden (N=60). In this article we focus on care managers' experiences of needs assessment with older people who have immigrated late-in-life, who come from cultures considered different from the Swedish one and who have not mastered the Swedish language. This was the group of older people that the care managers mostly thought of when asked to describe their experiences of cross-cultural needs assessment meetings. The interviewed care managers discussed the challenges that these meetings present, which were related to communication due to language barriers, different demands and expectations, insecurity regarding what is customary in such meetings, as well as perceived passivity among late-in-life immigrants. The article discusses the contributions of the findings to research on care management practices in general, as well as to needs assessment practice in particular.
The Multilingual Lexicon: The Cognitive and Neural Basis of Lexical Comprehension and Production in Two or More Languages
Authors: Kroll Judith F. , Gullifer Jason W. , Rossi Eleonora
Published: November 2013

Recent studies have shown that when bilinguals or multilinguals read written words, listen to spoken words, or plan words that they intend to speak in one language alone, information in all of the languages that they know is momentarily active. That activation produces cross-language competition that sometimes converges to facilitate performance and sometimes diverges to create costs to performance. The presence of parallel activation across languages has been documented in comprehension, in studies of word recognition, and also in production, in studies of lexical speech planning. The observation that one of the two or more languages cannot be switched off at will is particularly surprising in production, where the intention to express a thought should be guided by conceptually driven processes. Likewise, in comprehension, recent studies show that placing words in sentence context in one language alone is insufficient to restrict processing to that language. The focus of current research on the multilingual lexicon is therefore to understand the basis of language nonselectivity, to consider how the language in use is ultimately selected, and to identify the cognitive consequences of having a lexical system that is open to influence by the languages not in use. In this article, we review the recent cognitive and neural evidence on each of these issues, with special consideration to the question of how the nature of the evidence itself shapes the conclusions drawn about the organization and access to the lexicon in individuals who speak more than one language.
Property T for general C*-algebras
Authors: NG CHI–KEUNG
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we extend the definition of property T and strong property T to general C*-algebras (not necessarily unital). We show that if an inclusion pair of locally compact groups (G,H) has property T, then (C*(G), C*(H)) has property T. As a partial converse, if T is abelian and C*(G) has property T, then T is compact. We also show that if Ω is a first countable locally compact Hausdorff space, then C0(Ω) has (strong) property T if and only if Ω is discrete. Furthermore, the non-unital C*-algebra $c_0(\mathbb{Z}^n)\rtimes SL_n(\mathbb{Z})$ has strong property T when n ≥ 3. We also give some equivalent forms of strong property T, which are new even in the unital case.
Conflict-Free Colouring of Graphs
Authors: GLEBOV ROMAN , SZABÓ TIBOR , TARDOS GÁBOR
Published: November 2013

We study the conflict-free chromatic number χCFof graphs from extremal and probabilistic points of view. We resolve a question of Pach and Tardos about the maximum conflict-free chromatic number ann-vertex graph can have. Our construction is randomized. In relation to this we study the evolution of the conflict-free chromatic number of the Erdős–Rényi random graphG(n,p) and give the asymptotics forp= ω(1/n). We also show that forp≥ 1/2 the conflict-free chromatic number differs from the domination number by at most 3.
Oviductal and endometrial mRNA expression of implantation candidate biomarkers during early pregnancy in rabbit
Authors: Saeed Ayman Moustafa , Saenz de Juano María de los Desamparados , Marco Jiménez Francisco , Vicente José Salvador
Published: November 2013

Prenatal losses are a complex problem. Pregnancy requires orchestrated communication between the embryo and the uterus that includes secretions from the embryo to signal pregnancy recognition and secretion and remodelling from the uterine epithelium. Most of these losses are characterized by asynchronization between embryo and uterus. To better understand possible causes, an analysis was conducted of gene expression of a set of transcripts related to maternal recognition and establishment of rabbit pregnancy (uteroglobin,SCGB1A1; integrin α1,ITGA1; interferon-γ,IFNG; vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF) in oviduct and uterine tissue at 16, 72 or 144 h post-ovulation and insemination. In the oviduct tissue, a significant decrease in the level ofSCGB1A1mRNA expression was observed from 144 h post-ovulation. In the case ofITGA1, the transcript abundance was initially lower, but mRNA expression increased significantly at 72 and 144 h post-ovulation. ForIFNG, a huge decrease was observed from 16 to 72 h post-ovulation. Finally, no significant differences were observed in theVEGFtranscript. For the endometrium, the results showed a significant decline in the level ofSCGB1A1mRNA expression from 16 to 144 h post-ovulation induction. The highest levels ofITGA1transcript were detected at 144 h, followed by the 16 h group and lower at 72 h post-ovulation. ForIFNGthere were no significant differences among post-ovulation induction times. Finally, it was possible to observe thatVEGFmRNA abundance was present at low levels at 16 h post-ovulation and remained low at 72 h, but increased at 144 h. The functional significance of these observations may provide new insights into the maternal role in prenatal losses.
Successive bilingualism and executive functions: The effect of second language use on inhibitory control in a behavioural Stroop Colour Word task
Authors: HEIDLMAYR KARIN , MOUTIER SYLVAIN , HEMFORTH BARBARA , COURTIN† CYRIL , TANZMEISTER ROBERT , ISEL FRÉDÉRIC
Published: November 2013

Here we examined the role of bilingualism on cognitive inhibition using the Stroop Colour Word task. Our hypothesis was that the frequency of use of a second language (L2) in the daily life of successive bilingual individuals impacts the efficiency of their inhibitory control mechanism. Thirty-three highly proficient successive French–German bilinguals, living either in a French or in a German linguistic environment, performed a Stroop task on both French and German words. Moreover, 31 French monolingual individuals were also tested with French words. We showed that the bilingual advantage was (i) reinforced by the use of a third language, and (ii) modulated by the duration of immersion in a second language environment. This suggests that top–down inhibitory control is most involved at the beginning of immersion. Taken together, the present findings lend support to the psycholinguistic models of bilingual language processing that postulate that top–down active inhibition is involved in language control.
A Palaeocene intracanyon-style lava emplaced during the early shield-building stage of the Cuillin Volcano, Isle of Skye, NW Scotland
Authors: Bell Brian R. , Williamson Ian T.
Published: November 2013

The twin summits of Preshal More and Preshal Beg, near Talisker, Isle of Skye, comprise the erosional remnants of a thick (at least 120 m) compound olivine tholeiite lava, or flow field, that ponded in palaeo-valleys within the Palaeocene lava field of west-central Skye. This unique flow field constitutes the Talisker Formation and is the youngest preserved extrusive unit of the Skye Lava Field. The lava inundated a complex of palaeo-valleys incised into the higher stratigraphical levels of the existing lava field, and remnants of the original sedimentary fill of these valleys still exist, the Preshal Beg Conglomerate Formation. The lava displays spectacularly well-developed two-tier (colonnade-entablature) columnar joint sets that formed as a consequence of slow, uninterrupted cooling through its base and sidewalls, aided by groundwater circulation and water ingress (from displaced drainage) directed into the lava's interior by master-joint systems. Intrusive phenomena developed at both the base and the top of the lava and there is evidence for the existence of subsurface feeder tubes. The tholeiitic composition of the Talisker Formation lava contrasts with the transitional, mildly alkaline characteristics of the remainder of the (older) lavas of Skye Lava Field. In broad terms, the Talisker Formation lava is compositionally very similar to the suite of cone-sheets emplaced into the oldest of the four intrusive centres that comprise the Skye Central Complex – the Cuillin Intrusive Centre – together with a high proportion of the Skye regional dyke swarm. The stratigraphical position, field relationships and compositional characteristics of the lava indicate that it was erupted and emplaced as an intracanyon-style flow field during the early shield-building stage in the growth of the (tholeiitic) Cuillin Volcano, which post-dates the main Skye ‘plateau’ Lava Field. Although the remnant outcrops are detached from their likely source area through erosion, this tholeiitic lava provides the first direct evidence linking the central complexes of the British Palaeogene Igneous Province and their eruptive products.
Carbon-nanotube-based electrically-short resonant antennas
Authors: Franck Pierre , Baillargeat Dominique , Tay Beng Kang
Published: November 2013

We present a study on using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the radiating part of resonant antennas in order to reduce their dimensions. A mesoscopic electromagnetic (EM) model for CNTs was developed to allow the simulation of RF devices in classical EM solvers while retaining the specific properties of CNTs. A circuit approach is also used to provide a physical interpretation of the results on monopole antennas and trend prediction. These techniques constitute a platform to study the trends and trade-offs involved in the design of these antennas. Finally, these results are used to assess suitable fabrication techniques for CNT-based short resonant antennas and conclusions are drawn on their potential applications.
Science is the drug
Authors: Jacobs Howy
Published: November 2013

… in which Howy confesses to some eccentric proclivities.
A fluorescence method for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride
Authors: Du Liangwei , Wei Xiaoling , Lei Xiangrong , Wang Lisheng , Gong Qi , Wang Xiaojun
Published: November 2013

A novel fluorescence recovery method for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride was established, and used for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride in sustained-release tablets and capsules with satisfactory results.
Hydrogenase biomimetics: Fe2(CO)4(μ-dppf)(μ-pdt) (dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) both a proton-reduction and hydrogen oxidation catalyst
Authors: Ghosh Shishir , Hogarth Graeme , Hollingsworth Nathan , Holt Katherine B. , Kabir Shariff E. , Sanchez Ben E.
Published: November 2013

The diiron complex Fe2(CO)4(μ-dppf)(μ-pdt) is an active catalyst for both the reduction of protons to give hydrogen and also the reverse oxidation of hydrogen and thus mimics hydrogenases which are able to catalyse both reactions.
Parallelization of thermochemical nanolithography
Authors: Carroll Keith M. , Lu Xi , Kim Suenne , Gao Yang , Kim Hoe-Joon , Somnath Suhas , Polloni Laura , Sordan Roman , King William P. , Curtis Jennifer E. , Riedo Elisa
Published: November 2013

This work demonstrates parallelization of thermochemical nanolithography (TCNL) with sub-50 nm resolutions over areas of 500 μm for applications in conjugated polymers and graphene.
Fusion of multi‐aspect radar images via sparse non‐negative matrix factorisation
Authors: Xu Ran , Li Yachao , Xing Mengdao
Published: November 2013

By fusing the radar images of a certain target obtained from multiple aspects, complementary information can be made full use of for better target descriptions and higher image quality. A fusion scheme based on non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF) is proposed. A sparsity‐enhancing regularisation term is introduced into the original NMF, and the corresponding modified multiplicative update rule is derived to iteratively fuse the images. The composite image generally demonstrates enhanced feature characteristics and improved signal‐to‐noise ratio. The experimental results prove the validity and superiority of the proposal.
High quantum efficiency deep ultraviolet 4H‐SiC photodetectors
Authors: Sampath A.V. , Rodak L.E. , Chen Y. , Zhou Q. , Campbell J.C. , Shen H. , Wraback M.
Published: November 2013

4H‐SiC p‐n−‐metal photodetectors are demonstrated having high external quantum efficiency >∼40% in the deep ultraviolet spectrum between 200 and 235 nm. This improvement is attributed to the improved collection of carriers generated by deep ultraviolet photons through absorption in the depletion region of the detector.
Theoretical interruption model for reliability assessment of power supply systems
Authors: Ilie Irinel‐Sorin , Hernando‐Gil Ignacio , Djokic Sasa Z.
Published: November 2013

This study introduces a new theoretical interruption model for assessing more accurately the moment in time when interruptions of electricity customers are likely to occur. Recordings of short and long interruptions from two power supply systems are analysed and the similarity between their patterns is identified and then used to introduce a general interruption probability distribution model, defined in stages as multi‐zone theoretical curves. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical interruption model is firstly verified for a basic test system supplying an aggregate load point whose power profiles (residential, commercial, industrial and mixed load) are engaged in assessing the energy not supplied, and afterwards for a typical UK power supply system consisting of about 15 000 electricity customers. The results show that a correct representation of the moment of interruption performed with the proposed model leads to completely different results than those obtained based on the conventional assumption that the time when interruption occurs is given by a known probability distribution. Moreover, comparisons against reported figures of reliability indices determine the most suitable probability distribution that shall be used to model the initial conditions of the Monte Carlo simulation and accompany the proposed theoretical model throughout the simulation process.