bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of ChatGPT on Registered Nurse License Exam in Taiwan: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Huang Huiman
Published: September 2023

AI (Artificial Intelligence) chatbots has been widely applied. AI (Artificial Intelligence) chatbots has been widely applied. ChatGPT could enhance individual learning capabilities and clinical reasoning skills, facilitate students' understanding of complex concepts in healthcare education: (1) Background: There is currently less emphasis on its application in nursing education. The application of ChatGPT in nursing education needs to be verified; (2) Methods: A descriptive study is used to analyze the scores of ChatGPT on the registered nurse license exam(RNLE) and compare to the pass rate of candidates in Taiwan; (3) Results: The average score of four exams were around 51.6 to 63.75 by ChatGPT, and pass the RNLE in 2022 1st and 2023 2nd. However, ChatGPT may generate misleading or inaccurate explanations, or it could lead to hallucinations; (4) Conclusions: ChatGPT may have potentially to assist with nursing education. Although AI can simulate human behavior in context, it still cannot replace human creativity, critical thinking, and clinical reasoning.
Constraining Flood Forecasting Uncertainties through Streamflow Data Assimilation in the Tropical Andes of Peru: Case of the Vilcanota River Basin
Authors: Llauca Harold , Arestegui Miguel , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo
Published: September 2023

Flood modeling and forecasting are key to managing and preparing for extreme flood events. Hydrological flood forecasting aims to predict the system response to different input changes with minimum uncertainties. In that sense, streamflow Data Assimilation (DA) seeks to combine errors between hydrological model and water discharge observations through the update of model states. This paper aims to assess a sub-daily flood forecast system in a basin of the Peruvian Tropical Andes using two sequential data assimilation algorithms called the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and the Particle Filter (PF). The study was conducted in the Vilcanota River basin during the rainiest months in 2022 to assess recent potential river floods. This basin is in the southern Peruvian Andes and was selected because it is continually affected by river floods such as occurred in 2010. For this purpose, the lumped GR4H rainfall-runoff model was run forward with 100 ensemble members using two different Satellite Precipitation sources (IMERG-E' and GSMaP-NRT'). Also, four DA experiments (IMERG-E'+EnKF, IMERG-E'+PF, GSMaP-NRT'+EnKF, and GSMaP-NRT'+PF) were conducted by assimilating real-time hourly discharges at the Pisac stream gauge station to examine the improvement of forecast accuracy for lead times of 1—24 hours. Results display good forecast performances during the first 10 hours, especially for the GSMaP'+EnKF scheme. Finally, this work benchmarks the application of streamflow DA in and Andean basin of Peru with sparse data availability and will support the development of more accurate climate services in Peru through hydrologic ensemble predictions.
Strength and Stiffness Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Cement Stabilized Fly Ash-Stone Dust-Aggregate Mixture
Authors: Mohanty Sanjeeb Kumar , Biswal Dipti Ranjan , Mohapatra Benu Gopal , Beriha Brundaban , Pradhan Ramachandra , Sutar Harekrushna
Published: September 2023

It is necessary to address the scarcity of crushed stones for pavement structural layers. So fly ash can be proved to be promising solution as more than 270 tonnes of fly ash is generated in India. Though, numerous research has been conducted for the use of fly ash intreated and untreated form, high volume of fine particles and brittleness of the stabilized fly ash pose a great problem for its use in subbase and base. Moreover, stiffness or modulus of stabilized fly ash is vital elastic parameter which is used for mechanistic pavement design. Hence, in this study an extensive experimental investigation is carried out to study its strength and stiffness properties such as compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and flexural strength, cyclic indirect tensile modulus and flexural modulus of fiber reinforced cement stabilized fly ash, stone dust, aggregate mixtures. The stone dust and aggregates have been added to enhance the gradation of the composite’s mixture. The study presents the effect of fiber on strength and stiffness properties. The experimental result reveals that addition of polypropylene (PP) fibers up to 0.25 wt.% enhances the compressive strength and any further addition of fiber results in decrease of the strength. However, indirect tensile strength and flexural strength increases with increase in fiber percentage up to 0.5 wt.%. Cement content is observed to be the dominant parameter for stabilized materials. Suitable relationships have been developed between strength and modulus parameters for stabilized mixtures. Based on the strength and stiffness study, 70% fly ash and 30% stone dust-aggregate and 60% fly ash and 40% stone dust-aggregate with 6% cement can be considered for the base layer. Based on the indirect tensile strength and flexural strength behavior, 0.35% is considered as the optimum fiber percentage.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Disorder with Postpartum Onset
Authors: Ciolac Livia , Craina Marius Lucian , Enatescu Virgil Radu , Tudor Anca , Bernad Elena S , Nitu Razvan , Hogea Lavinia , Boscu Lioara , Bernad Brenda-Cristiana , Timircan Madalina Otilia , Nediglea Cristian Octavian , Maghiari Anca Laura
Published: September 2023

Background: The potential impact of the pandemic on mental health should not be overlooked, especially among vulnerable populations such as women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to assess the mental health status of women who gave birth during a pandemic and to examine the possible links between the onset of depressive disorder symptoms in close proximity to the time of delivery and the socio-demographic conditions, health status and obstetric circumstances of the patients. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey conducted from 01.03.2020 to 01.03.2023, during the period of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, based on a retrospective evaluation of 860 postpartum women. The screening tool used to assess symptoms of postpartum depression was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Rating Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed both in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Sections I and II of the "Pius Brînzeu" County Emergency Hospital from Timisoara, Romania and online using Google Forms. Results: The highest severity of postpartum depression symptoms was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study conducted during the period of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) showed that the prevalence of major postpartum depressive disorder (EPDS ≥ 13) was 54.2% (466 patients), while 15.6% (134) had minor depressive disorder (10 < EPDS ≤ 12) in the first year after delivery. Comparing these results with those obtained in research conducted before the onset of the pandemic period shows an alarming increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression. Risk factors associated with postpartum depression included type of delivery, level of education, socio-economic conditions, health status, age, background, personal obstetric history (number of abortions on demand, parity). Conclusions: The effects of the pandemic on mental health are of particular concern for women in the first year after childbirth. Observing these challenges and developing effective measures to prepare our health system early can help and facilitate effective mental health screening for postpartum women, promoting maternal and child health.
Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Fernández-Guarino Montserrat , Stewart Vivian , Fernández-Nieto Diego , Moreno Garcia del Real Carmen , Gonzalez de Olano David , Blanco Carolina , Solano-Solares Emilio , De la Hoz Caballer Belen , Martínez-Botas Javier , Garcia-Bermejo Maria Laura , Andrés-Martín Ana
Published: September 2023

Background: There have been few reports of cutaneous skin lesions in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients which exhibit different behavior compared to outpatients. Furthermore, a notable lack of rigorous studies exits. In this study we included patients with generalized rash during the first wave of the pandemic for characterization.Methods: Hospitalized patients with severe confirmed pulmonary COVID-19 infection and a generalized cutaneous rash during the first wave in March-May 2020 were included. The study received approval from the ethics committee. Clinical presentation, histo-logical examination, blood test, and complete blood interleukin profile were assessed. Special immunohistochemical investigations were conducted. Long term follow-up of the patient was performed throuhg a phone call 24 months later.
Results: A total 28 patients were studied and classified by histological examination into three groups: G1: perivascular dermatitis (18/28, 64%); G2: Drug reaction (7/28, 25%); and G3: Generalized exanthema and chilblain (3/28, 11%). The virus was not detected in the skin, by PCR and by immunohistochemical analysis, and the interleukin expression in the skin were undetectable results. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), E-selectine, and IT Galpha 5 were unspecific. G1 exhibited the least inflammation, G2 the most in-flammatory, and G3 had previous inflammation.
Discussion: Our data suggest that generalized exanthemas during severe SARS-Cov-2 infection exhibit unspecific finding and are similar to other rashes caused by inflammation. Drug reaction should be considered, as they accounted for 25% of the rashes. Further studies including higher number of patients are necessary.
Dataset and System Design for Orthopedic Walker Fall Detection and Activity Logging Using Motion Classification
Authors: Garcia Antony , Huang Maxwell
Published: September 2023

An accurate, economical, and reliable device for detecting falls in persons ambulating with the assistance of an orthopedic walker is crucially important for the elderly and patients with limited mobility. Existing wearable devices such as wristbands are not designed for walker users, and patients may not wear them at all times. This research proposes a novel idea of attaching an internet-of-things (IoT) device with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor directly to an orthopedic walker to perform real-time fall detection as well as activity logging. A dataset is collected and labeled for walker users in four activities, including idle, motion, step, and fall. Classic machine learning algorithms are evaluated using the dataset by comparing their classification performance. Deep learning with convolutional neural network (CNN) is also explored. Furthermore, the hardware prototype is designed by integrating a low-power microcontroller for onboard machine learning, an IMU sensor, a rechargeable battery, and Bluetooth wireless connectivity. The research results show the promise of improved safety and well-being of walker users.
Intercountry Adoption in Malaysia and Morocco: A New Frontier
Authors: A. Kadir Nadhilah , Mohd Azizah
Published: September 2023

Intercountry adoption offers a family-based care option for children in need of care and protection. It allows them to find loving and permanent homes outside their birth country, providing them with stability, support, and a sense of belonging essential for their well-being. The Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993 (Hague Convention 1993) serves as the primary international legal instrument governing intercountry adoption. Despite its importance, intercountry adoption remains relatively uncommon in Malaysia, as the country lacks specific statutory provisions and is not a signatory to the Hague Convention 1993. The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of intercountry adoption in Malaysia and Morocco and explore the viability of intercountry adoption as a child protection measure. The study involves interviews with relevant departments and an examination of Malaysia's current adoption laws. Additionally, the study analyses the international legal framework, including the Hague Convention 1993 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (UNCRC) to provide a comprehensive understanding of the context surrounding intercountry adoption. Furthermore, this paper offers a comparative analysis of Morocco's intercountry kafalah system, which recognises kafalah as an alternative to legal adoption based on Islamic law. The findings of this study will offer valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing Malaysia's approach to intercountry adoption. By considering best practices and international standards, this research seeks to ensure the well-being and protection of children in need of care and protection, promoting their access to a stable and nurturing family environment.
Muhasebe Felsefesinin Temel Refleksiyonu Olarak Aksiyolojik Realizm ve Olgusallık Işığında Muhasebe Biliminin Aksiyomatik Yapısı
Authors: ALTINKAYNAK Fırat , ERTAŞ Fatih Coşkun , KÜÇÜKER Metehan
Published: September 2023

Öz
Amaç: Bilimsel bir alanın felsefi açıdan temellendirilmesinin ve böylelikle o alanın kökenine inilmesinin çok kolay olmadığını belirtmek gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, kökene inme gayretlerinin, felsefe içinde yüzyıllardır tartışılagelen, “Olgusal yapılardan aksiyolojik yapıların mı doğduğu veya tam tersine aksiyolojik yapılardan olgusal yapıların mı doğduğu?” soruları ışığında şekillendiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu tartışmalardan hareketle doğan çalışmanın amacı; bilim felsefesi çerçevesinde muhasebenin temel kavramları ile mali tablo ilkelerini, olgusal ve aksiyolojik açıdan temellendirerek, muhasebe bilimini oluşturan yapıların aksiyomatik kümesine inebilmektir

Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından biri olan belgesel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak konu ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Temel muhasebe kavramlarının ve mali tablo ilkelerinin aksiyolojik mi yoksa olgusal mı olduğuna karar vermede, ilgili kavram veya ilkenin bir değer veya olgu ile ilişkili olup olmadığı teorik çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Muhasebe felsefesi açısından çalışma sonucunda gelinen noktada muhasebedeki olgusal ilkelerin, muhasebenin aksiyolojik yasalarından çıkarsandığı ve böylelikle muhasebenin aksiyolojik yapısının, aslında muhasebenin aksiyomatik bir kümesini oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Sınırlılıklar: Muhasebe felsefesi alanında yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olması, özellikle de literatür araştırması açısından çalışmanın en önemli sınırlılığını teşkil etmektedir. Ayrıca denetim standart ve ilkelerinin muhasebe felsefesi açısından incelenmesi önemli olmakla birlikte bu çalışmada araştırma kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Henüz keşfedilmeyi bekleyen, münbit bir alan olan muhasebe felsefesi alanında yapılan çalışmalar genellikle muhasebenin epistemolojik ve ontolojik yapısına odaklanmıştır. Farklı olarak bu çalışmada muhasebe temel kavramları ve mali tablo ilkeleri aksiyoloji ve olgusallık ışığında ilk defa tartışılmış ve böylelikle muhasebenin aksiyomatik kümesine ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma bu yönüyle özgün değerini ortaya koymaktadır.
Defining levels of effort for ecological models
Authors: Harris Aubrey , Richards Nathan , McKay S.
Published: September 2023

While models are useful tools for decision-making in environmental management, the question arises about the level of effort required to develop an effective model for a given application. In some cases, it is unclear whether more analysis would lead to choosing a better course of action. This technical note (TN) examines the role of ecological model complexity in ecosystem management. First, model complexity is examined through the lens of risk informed planning. Second, a framework is presented for categorizing five different levels of effort that range from conceptual models to detailed predictive tools. This framework is proposed to enhance communication and provide consistency in ecological modeling applications. Third, the level of effort framework is applied to a set of models in the Middle Rio Grande River system to demonstrate the framework’s utility and application. Ultimately, this TN seeks to guide planners in determining an appropriate level of effort relative to risks associated with uncertainty and resource availability for a given application.
Sociální normy a socialistická morálka: ochrana veřejného pořádku na československém venkově 80. let 20. století
Authors: Polouček Oto
Published: September 2023

Studie se zabývá ochranou veřejného pořádku na venkově v poslední dekádě před pádem komunistické vlády v Československu roku 1989. Studuje přitom prolínání sdílených norem komunity a uplatňování moci státně socialistického politického systému na lokální úrovni. Sleduje konkrétně péči o dobrou pověst a odraz sociální hierarchie a s ní spjatých stereotypních představ v zápisech z jednání komisí pro ochranu veřejného pořádku místních národních výborů. Text zasazuje problematiku péče o spořádanou obec na konci osmdesátých let 20. století do širších souvislostí společenských proměn v důsledku industrializace a modernizace. Autor dochází k závěru, že principy sociální kontroly za pozdního socialismu nebyly v rozporu se sociálními normami venkovských komunit. Analýza archivních pramenů však taktéž ukazuje na vliv celkové neefektivity státně socialistického systému na schopnost veřejný pořádek hlídat.
Methods of Preparing Safe Procedures to Handle Permanent Magnet Motors (PMM)
Authors: Dinkins W. , Lambert M. , Zakhary H. , Harris D.
Published: September 2023

In permanent magnet motor electrical submersible pump (PMM-ESP) applications, the motor can act as a powerful electric generator when well fluids from either an upward or downward flow initiate the pump to rotate and subsequently creates motor rotation. This uncontrolled voltage source presents a higher safety risk for service personnel and as a result, the American Petroleum Institute (API) has published Permanent Magnet Motor Safety, API 11S9 Recommended Practice, 1st edition March 2023 to address this concern; existing induction motor (IM) procedures can be adapted for use with PMM-ESP applications. The API 11S9 RP documents methods which can help users draft an original procedure or modify an existing IM procedure for running a PMM. These modifications may require use of additional equipment or methods to ensure worker safety. This paper will provide examples for how the API 11S9 RP can be used to develop detailed procedures for the safe handling of a PMM. The procedures may originate from operators, vendors or be a combined best practices document. Examples are given for updating existing procedures (for induction motors) along with crafting new PMM-specific troubleshooting methods via referencing sections within the API 11S9 RP. These examples should guide operators and service companies toward confidence in developing their own procedures for proper and safe handling of a PMM.
ESP Install in Multilayer Wells with Reduced Diameters and High Production Flow - Intake Bypass Project
Authors: Ghilardi S. I. , Larrocca J. M. , Essayag A. , Teves R. H. , Oyarzún R. A. , Dominguez D. M. , Devincenti V. D. , Orozco M. C.
Published: September 2023

A significant portion of wells in Argentina are completed in 5½″ casings, these wells contain multiple production zones and are measured depth ranged from 3,000 to 10,000 ft. Most of the ESP applications are set between and below the production zones, in order to cool the system properly, shrouds are often used, but the limitation arises in high-flow operations due to the pressure drop in the shroud due to the reduced annular space, thereby, impeding efficient exploitation of the well.

The intake bypass system creates two flow paths, one intake within the shroud and one above the shroud, this guarantees a production flow free of pressure losses, dividing the total flow, reducing the flow speed that passes around the motor and taking away the risks of shroud collapsing due to high pressure differential. The Intake Bypass has two directional holes for avoiding erosion in the internal components and allowing a hydraulic balance such that the fluid derived through the shrouds guarantees the system cooling.

It was performed the installation in a well in the South of Argentina and in the short term, it has accomplished the project main objectives. An increase in production of 140% was recorded, comparing with previous installation. Furthermore, the fluid level over the pump (FLOP) was reduced by about 50%, optimizing well production. Simulations have predicted that 62% of the fluid is produced through the Intake Bypass and, the other 38% flows through the inside of the shroud, having an average speed of more than 2.5 ft/sec around the motor, cooling the system efficiently with a controlled heat rise that is within 10 deg C (T motor – T intake). This is supported by the registered temperatures in the downhole sensor (intake and motor); which are around the normal values for the ESP standard application in the field and correspond to the performed simulations. The first pilot installed is still in evaluation.

The Intake Bypass application is presented as a novel solution to produce high flows in reduced casing diameters, where the ESP is set between or below the production zones, forcing the usage of cooling systems such as the shrouds. In addition to that it results in energy savings by not forcing the system with an over elevation height that compensates for the loss of load.
Dual spaces for weak martingale Hardy spaces associated with rearrangement-invariant spaces
Authors: Quan Xingyan , Silas Niyonkuru , Xie Guangheng
Published: September 2023

Given a probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb P)$ and a rearrangement-invariant quasi-Banach function space $X$, the authors of this article first prove the $\alpha$-atomic ($\alpha\in [1,\infty)$) characterization of weak martingale Hardy spaces $WH_X(\Omega)$ associated with $X$ via simple atoms. The authors then introduce the generalized weak martingale ${\rm BMO}$ spaces which proves to be the dual spaces of $WH_X(\Omega)$. Consequently, the authors derive a new John--Nirenberg theorem for these weak martingale ${\rm BMO}$ spaces. Finally, the authors apply these results to the generalized grand Lebesgue space and the weighted Lorentz space. Even in these special cases, the results obtained in this article are totally new.
The neglected role of abandoned cropland in supporting both food security and climate change mitigation
Authors: Zheng Qiming , Ha Tim , Prishchepov Alexander , Zeng Yiwen , Yin He , Koh Lian Pin
Published: September 2023

Despite the looming land scarcity for agriculture, cropland abandonment is widespread globally. Abandoned cropland can be reused to support food security and climate change mitigation. Here, we investigate the potentials and trade-offs of using global abandoned cropland for recultivation and restoring forests by natural regrowth, with spatially-explicit modelling and scenario analysis. We identify 101 Mha of abandoned cropland between 1992 and 2020, with a capability of concurrently delivering 29 to 363 Peta-calories yr− 1 of food production potential and 290 to 1,066 MtCO2 yr− 1 of net climate change mitigation potential, depending on land-use suitability and land allocation strategies. We also show that applying spatial prioritization is key to maximizing the achievable potentials of abandoned cropland and demonstrate other possible approaches to further increase these potentials. Our findings offer timely insights into the potentials of abandoned cropland and can inform sustainable land management to buttress food security and climate goals.
The neuroscience of human empathy for pleasure: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Mello Manuel , Fusaro Martina , Aglioti Salvatore Maria
Published: September 2023

Objective
The neuroscience of human empathy for pleasure and positive affect is an emergent, scarcely addressed topic. The main aim of this scoping review is to map the impact of this new research domain on the field of social and affective neuroscience.
Introduction
Most of the literature on empathy and affect sharing has hitherto focused on negative emotions, with a special focus on pain. However, understanding, sharing, and reacting to others’ pleasures is an evolutionarily and socially important function. Our scoping review addresses this gap in the literature and tries to unify the available information under the empathy for pleasure umbrella.
Inclusion criteria
This scoping review is intended to cover studies on empathy for positive emotions, pleasant sensory outcomes, and other rewards in healthy individuals and neurological/neuropsychiatric/neurodevelopmental disorders populations.
Methods
We will perform a systematic search in the Medline (PubMed), Embase (EMBASE.com), Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and PsycINFO databases. Two authors will independently screen all titles, abstracts, and then full-text articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The year range of interest will be 2000-2022 and only journal articles published in English will be assessed. Data will be extracted and presented in tables and/or graphical representations to synthesize and describe the results. The extracted data will be reported in a comprehensive summary.
Results
The final manuscript is intended for submission to an indexed journal in mid-2023.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, the present scoping review will be the first to address the variety and heterogeneity of available evidence on human empathy for pleasure. We ultimately aim at perusing the growing literature on this far-reaching field of study and informing future research.
Registration
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/W7H6J (December 27, 2022)
Flare gas recovery at an LNG plant GL1/Z -Arzew
Authors: Guella Soufiane , Khalfi Yassine , Ouazani Fouzia , Benouis Khedidja , Guet Mohamed El Amine
Published: September 2023

Natural gas is the fastest growing source of fossil energy since the 1970s. Due to its economic and environmental benefits, natural gas is becoming more attractive to many countries every day. The properties of this product, as for example, the low combustion range characterizing it, make it one of the most used reliable sources known to date. Currently, it is the second most used energy source after oil. The GL1/Z plant -Arzew -SONATRACH Company is designed for the liquefaction of natural gas, which is an essential way of transporting gas over long distances. This liquefaction (at -160 ° C) is obtained by successive cooling through compressed refrigerants and then relaxed between two pressure stages. This liquefaction technique consumes a lot of gas considered as internal consumption. In addition to this loss, there is a certain amount of gas that is flared during startup which accounts for about 2/3 of the total amount of flared gas. The reduction of flared gases is important to reduce carbon emissions and rationally use natural gas. In this work we simulate by ASPEN-HYSYS software a three method of gas flare recovery such as power electric generation, LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas ), and GTL technology (Gas to liquids) to evaluate natural gas resources of GL1/Z plant (SONATRACH Industry –Algeria).
Resting-State EEG Dynamic Functional Connectivity Distinguishes Major Depressive Disorder, Psychotic Major Depression and Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhou jiansong , Chen Hui , Lei Yanqin , Li Rihui , Xia Xinxin , Cui Nanyi , Chen Xianliang , Liu Jiali , Tang Huajia , Zhou Jiawei , Huang Ying , Tian Yusheng , Wang Xiaoping
Published: September 2023

This study aims to identify dynamic patterns within the spatiotemporal feature space that are specific to non-psychotic major depression (NPMD), psychotic major depression (PMD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). It also evaluates the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms based on these network manifestations in differentiating individuals with NPMD, PMD, and SCZ. A total of 579 participants were recruited, including 152 patients with NPMD, 45 patients with PMD, 185 patients with SCZ, and 197 healthy controls (HC). A dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) approach was employed to estimate the principal FC states within each diagnostic group. Incremental proportions of data (ranging from 10–100%) within each diagnostic group were used for variability testing. DFC metrics, such as proportion, mean duration, and transition number, were examined among the four diagnostic groups to identify disease-related neural activity patterns. These patterns were then used to train a two-layer classifier for the four groups (HC, NPMD, PMD, and SCZ). The four principal brain states (i.e., states 1,2,3,4) identified by the DFC approach were highly representative within and across diagnostic groups. Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in network metrics of state 2 and state 3, within delta, theta, and gamma frequency bands, between healthy individuals and patients in each diagnostic group (p < 0.01, FDR corrected). Moreover, the identified key dynamic network metrics achieved over 75% accuracy in the four-way classification of HC, NPMD, PMD, and SCZ, outperforming the static functional connectivity (SFC) approach. The findings suggest that the proposed DFC approach can identify dynamic network biomarkers at the single-subject level. These biomarkers have the potential to accurately differentiate individual subjects among various diagnostic groups of psychiatric disorders or healthy controls. This may contribute to the development of a valuable EEG-based diagnostic tool with enhanced accuracy and assistive capabilities.
‘Getting addicted to it and losing a lot of money … it’s just like a hole.’ A grounded theory model of how social determinants shape adolescents’ choices to not gamble
Authors: Hing Nerilee , Thorne Hannah , Lole Lisa , Sproston Kerry , Hodge Nicole , Rockloff Matthew
Published: September 2023

Background
Gambling abstinence when underage lowers the risk of harmful gambling in later life. However, little research has examined why many young people refrain from gambling, even though this knowledge can inform protective strategies to reduce underage gambling. This study draws on the lived experience of adolescent non-gamblers to explore how social determinants while growing up have shaped their reasons and choices to not gamble.
Methods
Fourteen Australian non-gamblers aged 12–17 years participated in an in-depth interview or online community. Questions explored each participant’s gambling-related experiences while growing up, including exposure to gambling, gambling attitudes and behaviours of parents and peers, gambling advertising, simulated gambling and motivations for not gambling. The analysis used adaptive grounded theory methods.
Results
The grounded theory model identifies several reasons for not gambling, including not being interested in gambling, being below the legal gambling age, discouragement from parent and peers, concern about gambling addiction and harm, not wanting to risk money on a low chance of winning, and moral objections. These reasons were underpinned by several social determinants, including individual, parental, peer and environmental factors that can interact to deter young people from underage gambling. Key protective factors were parental role modelling and guidance, having friendship groups who avoided gambling, as well as critical thinking, rational gambling beliefs, financial literacy and having other hobbies and interests.
Conclusions
The participants’ choices to not gamble emanated from multiple layers of influence. This implies that multi-layered interventions, aligned with a public health response, are needed to deter underage gambling. At the environmental level, better age-gating for monetary and simulated gambling, and less exposure of children to promotional gambling messages, may assist young people to resist these influences. Interventions that support parents to provide appropriate role modelling and guidance for their children are also important. Youth education is needed and could include cautionary tales from people with lived experience of gambling harm, and education to increase young people’s financial literacy, ability to recognise marketing tactics, awareness of the risks and harms of gambling, and how they might resist peer and other normalising gambling influences.
Genome sequencing and analysis of black flounder (Paralichthys orbignyanus) reveals new insights into Pleuronectiformes genomic size and structure
Authors: Villarreal Fernando , Burguener Germán F. , Sosa Ezequiel J. , Stocchi Nicolas , Somoza Gustavo M. , Turjanski Adrián , Blanco Andrés , Viñas Jordi , Mechaly Alejandro S.
Published: September 2023

Black flounder (Paralichthys orbignyanus, Pleuronectiformes) is an economically important marine fish with aquaculture potential in Argentina. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of this species using an Illumina sequencing technology. We started with two independent libraries (from one female and one male; each with 150 bp paired-end reads, a mean insert length of 350 bp, and > 35 X-fold coverage). The assemblies yielded a genome size of ~ 538 Mbp. Analysis of the assemblies at the core gene level revealed that more than 98% of the core genes were present, with more than 78% of them having more than 50% coverage. This indicates a somehow complete and accurate genome at the coding sequence level. This genome contains 25,231 protein-coding genes, 445 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, and more than 1,500 non-coding RNAs of other types. On the other hand, in vertebrates the number of transposable elements (TEs) is related to genome size, but it remains unclear whether the size of introns and exons also plays a role. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine whether the small genome size of Black flounder and other Pleuronectiformes is related to the size of their introns and exons. Indeed, Black flounder, along with pufferfishes, seahorses, pipefishes and anabantid fish appear to have smaller genomes than most other teleost groups. We performed a comparative genomic analysis between Black flounder and other teleost order, in order to determine if the small genomic size could be explained by gene features, including the whole genome genes and introns sizes. We show that the smaller genome size of flounders can be attributed to several factors, including changes in the number of repetitive elements, and decreased gene size, particularly due to lower amount of very large and small introns. Thus, these components appear to be involved in the genome reduction in Black flounder.
Integrated Measure of PRogram Element SuStainability in Childcare Settings (IMPRESS-C): Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of sustainability determinants in the early childhood education and care setting
Authors: Shoesmith Adam , Nathan Nicole , Lum Melanie , Yoong Serene , Nolan Erin , Wolfenden Luke , Shelton Rachel C , Cooper Brittany , Lane Cassandra , Grady Alice , Imad Noor , Riley-Gibson Edward , McCarthy Nicole , Pearson Nicole , Hall Alix
Published: September 2023

Background
There is a need for valid and reliable measures of determinants of sustainability of public health interventions in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric and pragmatic properties of such a measure – the Integrated Measure of PRogram Element SuStainability in Childcare Settings (IMPRESS-C).
Methods
We undertook a two-phase process guided by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklist (COSMIN) and Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS). Phase 1 involved measure development; i.e., determining items and scales through an iterative process and assessment of face and content validity. Phase 2 involved the evaluation of psychometric and pragmatic properties. The 29-item measure completed by service executives (directors and nominated supervisors) was embedded in a larger survey from a national sample of Australian ECEC services assessing their implementation of nutrition and physical activity programs. Structural validity, concurrent validity, known groups validity, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, norms, and pragmatic qualities of the measure were assessed according to the PAPERS criteria.
Results
The final measure contained 26 items, with respondents reporting how strongly they agreed or disagreed on a five-point Likert scale. Phase 1 assessments confirmed the relevance, and face and content validity of the scale. In Phase 2, we obtained 482 completed surveys, of which 84% (n = 405) completed the entire measure across 405 ECEC settings (one per service). Three of the four fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis met the pre-specified criteria (SRMR = 0.056, CFI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.067) indicating good structural validity. The IMPRESS-C illustrated: good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values from 0.53 to 0.92; emerging concurrent validity; good known groups validity, with one hypothesis supported; good norms; and good overall pragmatic qualities (cost, readability, length, and assessor burden).
Conclusions
The IMPRESS-C possesses strong psychometric and pragmatic qualities for assessing service executive-level perceptions of determinants influencing sustainment of public health interventions within ECEC settings. To achieve a full range of perspectives in this setting, future work should be directed to also develop and test measures of sustainability determinants at the implementer level (e.g., among individual educators and staff).
Abundance of Marine Macrodebris on the northern Coast of Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka
Authors: Selvakumar Urmila , Wijesinghe Rajapakshage Dilani Nuwandhika , Arulananthan Ashani
Published: September 2023

Marine plastic debris has become a major concern on the northern coast of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, where it poses a threat to marine resources. A preliminary study was conducted to investigate the abundance and characteristics of marine plastic debris at four major fish landing sites in the northern coast of Jaffna, using the Clean Coast Index (CCI) and Plastic Abundance Index (PAI). The results revealed that the average abundance of marine debris and plastic debris were 1.71 ± 0.42 items/m2 and 1.66 ± 0.57 items/m2, respectively. The most common types of plastic debris were plastic rope and net pieces (23.2%), followed by unidentified weathered plastic fragments (16.7%), beverage bottles (16.2%), bottle caps and lids (13%), and styrofoam (14.1%). The recognized sources of plastic debris were mainly fishing-based activities, recreation activities, transboundary sources, and unidentified sources. The cleanliness level of the fish landing sites were categorized as extremely dirty, with high levels of plastic debris, resulting in a CCI above 10 and a PAI value over 8. This study realized the consequence of implementation of a proper plastic waste management framework in the northern coast of Jaffna and highlights the necessity to address buoyant debris on the northern Indian Ocean.
Exploring the Radioactive Nexus: Multidimensional Correlations and Dosimetric Assessment of Elemental Radionuclides
Authors: Hamed Younes , Ncibi Kaouther , Sâad Amina Ben , alaoui Elimame El
Published: September 2023

This study examines the radioactivity levels in Tunisia influenced by geological diversity and socio-economic influences. The region's landscapes are characterized by abundant mining and industrial activities, particularly phosphate mining and chemical sectors. Statistical analysis reveals that average radioactivity in the air (0.104 µSv) is lower than in soil (0.158 µSv) due to air dilution. Positive correlations are observed between air and soil radioactivity levels. Spatial distribution mapping shows higher radioactivity concentrations in mining and industrial areas. Radiation risk assessment calculates Ambient Dose Index (ADI), Equivalent Effective Dose Index (EDEI), and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) have been evaluated. ADI values exceed WHO standard for infants and children. EDEI ranges from 0.006 to 0.309, with 54.2% of samples surpassing the standard value of 0.1. ELCR for a 40-year lifespan varies from 0.013 to 0.619. Continuous monitoring and protective measures are vital to reduce health risks associated with ionizing radiation exposure. The study emphasizes the need for safeguarding public health in regions with significant mining and industrial activities and raises awareness of potential health hazards related to high concentrations of radioactive elements.
The Relationship Between Reproductive Hormones with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in a rapidly aging population
Authors: Yang Zhenlei , Li Jiena , Chen Bo , Li xin ning , Han Zhe , Wei Qingjun
Published: September 2023

Reproductive Hormones have the potential to affect Bone metabolism. Nevertheless, the correlation between reproductive hormones and levels of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in females is still inconclusive. The objective of our research was to examine how reproductive hormones affect bone metabolism in a population that is aging quickly.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 39,165 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 was conducted. The researchers conducted both multivariable linear regression modeling and propensity-score matching (PSM).
Results: For analysis, a total of 4415 women who were 20 years old or older were included. In every multivariable linear regression model, BMD and BMC levels were found to have a negative correlation with menopausal status. Consistent results were also obtained after conducting PSM with 114 cases in each group.
Conclusion: It was discovered that BMD and BMC levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal women in comparison to premenopausal women. Examining the correlation between reproductive endocrinology and bone mineral density is crucial for advancing clinical research and developing secure and efficient treatments for osteoporosis in a swiftly aging society.
Well-preserved fallout basaltic tuff in central Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province: pyroclastic evidence of high fire-fountain eruptions
Authors: Besser Marcell Leonard , Licht Otavio Augusto Boni , Vasconcellos Eleonora Maria Gouvêa
Published: September 2023

The Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province (PELIP) is renowned for its massive and rapidly emplaced flood basalts that dominated the center of the Gondwana supercontinent during the Early Cretaceous. However, little is currently understood about mafic explosive eruptions, which often occur simultaneously with effusive activity, as observed in young basaltic volcanism. In this report, we present a well-preserved layer of basaltic tuff interbedded at the base of the high-Ti basaltic lava sequence in the central part of the province, Brazil. The Tapalam Tuff is well-sorted and consists of basaltic juvenile scoriaceous lapilli, vitroclastic coarse ash, and cement containing clays, zeolites, carbonates, and iron oxides. The glassy fragments (sideromelane-palagonite) range from well-rounded with smooth, curved surfaces to highly angular, cuspate-shaped shards. Achneliths morphologies include broken droplets (Pele's tears), thread fragments (Pele's hair), dumbbells, needles, spheres, ovoids and, an extremely rare shape to preserve, the reticulite. Elongated pyroclasts exhibit a flat orientation, and subtle bedding is defined by granulometric alternation. Our findings suggest proximity to the volcanic vent and likely indicate a fallout deposit associated with a fluid-dominated, high-height (hundreds of meters or more than 1 km) fire fountain Hawaiian-type eruption fed by very low viscous basaltic magma. These results reveal that magmatic activity was not exclusively dominated by purely effusive volcanism but also involved explosive eruptions, which can have significant implications for understanding PELIP's volcanic history and its relation to local and global environmental changes.
Multiple intracellular pathogen infections with ocular immune damage associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies: A case report
Authors: Ning Yan , Yu Qingliang , Liang Hanlin , Wu Siyao , Liang Xiaona , He Zhiyi
Published: September 2023

Background: Autoantibodies to interferon-γ（IFN-γ）can inhibit IFN-γ-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 phosphorylation thus predispose those patients with susceptibility to infections with normally considered low virulence pathogens, such as Talaromyces marneffei (TM), nontuberculous mycobacteria（NTM）and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [1][2]But they are not as commonly associated with TM and NTM co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Case presentation: Herein, we report a case of a middle-aged woman with a history of recurrent rash, cough, and expectoration. She was successively diagnosed with NTM, TM, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and allergic conjunctivitis without conventional immunosuppression-associated factors in the past. The most conspicuous characteristics were recurrent infection and immune compromission.
Conclusions: High-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are strongly associated with severe and disseminated infections, such as NTM, TM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is characterized by persistently elevated levels of inflammation and immunoglobin.
Thermodynamic Gibb's Free Energy and Enhancement of Double Effect U-Shape solar distiller performance of ZnO/Jackfruit peel with silver steel balls Study
Authors: Sangeetha Anbalazhan , Shanmugan Sengottaiyan , Kabeel Abd-Elnaby
Published: September 2023

To achieve thermal energy storage using a heat transfer carrier, a novel prototype of a double effect U-shape stepped solar distiller (DUSD) of ZnO for Jackfruit peel (ZJP) synthesis is presented. Silver colour steel balls (S) with ZJP are the main component of DUSD, which improves the internal heat transmission process. The Laplacian technique is used to solve the system for the temperature components using Thermodynamic Gibb's free energy. Thermodynamic with simulation process of DUSD utilizing MATLAB SIMULINK revealed the energy efficiency and consumption as per ZJPS performance. The inside basin of the DUSD is lined with silver steel balls, spaced 15 cm apart to increase heat energy. ZJP materials with 6.37 L/m2 yields have been examined as XRD, surface morphology, and DUSD significances from 9.00 am to 5:00 pm. ZJPS achieve of DUSD uses a basin area with a daily reduction of roughly 7.648 L/m2. The design's best energy efficiency, 53.46%, is presented by the thermodynamic Gibb's free energy with the ZJPS Laplacian. This study has significant benefits in thermodynamics Gibb's free energy Laplacian with environmental effect potential and problems compared to existing green synthesis approaches. This study provides theoretical guidance for the conversion of thermal energy cleansing and demonstrates the viability of DUSD of ZJP synthesis.