bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-photon spectroscopy of singlet sulfur atoms and the autoionization lifetime measurements of the superexcited singlet states
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Xu Dadong , Stuchebrukhov Alexei , Jackson William M.
Published: April 2005

Single-photon excitation spectra from the lowest singlet D21 level of sulfur atoms were recorded with a tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation source generated by frequency tripling in noble gases. The photolysis of CS2 at 193nm was used to produce the singlet S(D21) sulfur atoms that were then excited to neutral superexcited states with the tunable VUV radiation. These superexcited states undergo autoionization into the first ionization continuum state of S+(S3∕2o4)+e−, which is not directly accessible from the S(D21) state via an allowed transition. The excitation spectra were recorded by monitoring the S+ signal in a velocity imaging apparatus while scanning the VUV excitation wavelength. Three new lines were observed in the spectra which have not been previously reported. The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of each of the observed transitions were determined by fitting the profiles of each absorption resonances with the Fano formula. Autoionization lifetimes τ of these singlet superexcited states were obtained from FWHM using the Uncertainty Principle. Abnormal autoionization lifetimes were found for the 3s23p3(Do2)nd(D21) and the 3s23p3(Do2)ns(D21) Rydberg series, in which τ(5d) and τ(7s) are shorter than τ(4d) and τ(6s), respectively. This is contrary to the well-known scaling law of τ(n*)∝n*3, which should be followed within a series unless there exist perturbations from other series or new channels open up to which some members of the series can decay. Possible perturbations from the nearby triplet series are suspected for causing the broadening of the 5d and 7s levels.
Effect of crystal orientation on self-assembled silicon nanostructures formed by electron-beam annealing
Authors: Johnson S. , Markwitz A. , Rudolphi M. , Baumann H. , Kuo P.-Y. , Blaikie R. , Mücklich A.
Published: April 2005

This paper discusses the growth of silicon nanostructures on silicon (100), (110), and (111) substrates by electron-beam annealing. The nanofabrication procedure involves annealing of the untreated Si substrates at 1100°C for 15s using a raster scanned 20-keV electron beam. Nanostructuring occurs as a result of kinetic amplification of the surface disorder induced by thermal decomposition of the native oxide. Pyramidal and truncated pyramidal nanocrystals were observed on Si(100) surfaces. The nanostructures are randomly distributed over the entire surface and square based, reflecting the twofold symmetry of the substrate surface. Similar square-based pyramidal structures with four equivalent facets are observed following the nanostructuring of Si(110). With Si(111), nanostructure growth occurs preferentially along step edges formed on the vicinal surfaces. Significant differences in the shapes of nanostructures formed on step edges and terraces are related to the different growth mechanisms on the unreconstructed and 7×7 reconstructed domains, respectively.
Controlled and spontaneous magnetic field generation in a gun-driven spheromak
Authors: Woodruff S. , Cohen B. I. , Hooper E. B. , Mclean H. S. , Stallard B. W. , Hill D. N. , Holcomb C. T. , Romero-Talamas C. , Wood R. D. , Cone G. , Sovinec C. R.
Published: April 2005

In the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, SSPX [E. B. Hooper, D. Pearlstein, and D. D. Ryutov, Nucl. Fusion 39, 863 (1999)], progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that generate fields by helicity injection. SSPX injects helicity (linked magnetic flux) from 1 m diameter magnetized coaxial electrodes into a flux-conserving confinement region. Control of magnetic fluctuations (δB∕B∼1% on the midplane edge) yields Te profiles peaked at >200eV. Trends indicate a limiting beta (βe∼4%–6%), and so we have been motivated to increase Te by operating with stronger magnetic field. Two new operating modes are observed to increase the magnetic field: (A) Operation with constant current and spontaneous gun voltage fluctuations. In this case, the gun is operated continuously at the threshold for ejection of plasma from the gun: stored magnetic energy of the spheromak increases gradually with δB∕B∼2% and large voltage fluctuations (δV∼1kV), giving a 50% increase in current amplification, Itor∕Igun. (B) Operation with controlled current pulses. In this case, spheromak magnetic energy increases in a stepwise fashion by pulsing the gun, giving the highest magnetic fields observed for SSPX (∼0.7T along the geometric axis). By increasing the time between pulses, a quasisteady sustainment is produced (with periodic good confinement), comparing well with resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations. In each case, the processes that transport the helicity into the spheromak are inductive and exhibit a scaling of field with current that exceeds those previously obtained. We use our newly found scaling to suggest how to achieve higher temperatures with a series of pulses.
Surface relief grating formation in liquid-crystalline side-chain azopolymers by femtosecond pulse holography
Authors: Lee Geon Joon , Oh Cha Hwan , Lee YoungPak , Kang In Ae , Han Yang Kyoo
Published: April 2005

Surface relief gratings were inscribed in the liquid-crystalline side-chain (LCSC) azopolymers using two-beam interference of near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The LCSC azopolymer films were prepared using acrylate-based homo- and copolymers with the azobenzene group in the side chain. The LC properties of the polymers were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarizing microscopy. By adjusting the writing conditions to the optimum fluence, highly efficient gratings were fabricated. This phenomenon is ascribed to a fact that the multiphoton absorption-induced photoisomerization facilitates the parallel ordering of LC mesogenic side groups and the grating formation. Even after the writing beams are removed, the grating relaxation hardly occurs. Such a very slow relaxation might be due to the collective behavior of aligned LC mesogenic side groups in the domain.
Multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films processed via chemical solution deposition: Structural and electrical characterization
Authors: Iakovlev S. , Solterbeck C.-H. , Kuhnke M. , Es-Souni M.
Published: April 2005

Polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films were fabricated on (111)Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates via Bi-acetate- and Fe-acetylacetonate-based chemical solution deposition and spin-coating techniques. The processing parameters were optimized in order to obtain films with high resistivity. The optical properties (refractive indices and extinction coefficients) were measured by means of ellipsometry (HeNe laser, λ=632.8Å). Microstructure characterization was made by means of atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and texture analysis. Additionally, powders prepared from a stoichiometric precursor were investigated by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses and XRD. It is demonstrated that the formation of perovskite-type BiFeO3 is accompanied by the appearance of bismuth oxide at low temperatures which then transforms into Bi36Fe2O57. For the films it was found that annealing in oxygen leads to higher indices of refraction, lower roughness, and smaller grain size. Complete crystallization of the films was achieved at a substantially lower temperature compared to that of the powders. A (100) (pseudocubic) out-of-plane preferred orientation was revealed for specimens annealed in air and oxygen. It is supposed that the crystal lattice of the thin film is close to cubic possibly due to stress development at the substrate∕film interface. The electrical properties of the films were measured at room temperature by impedance analysis. The piezoelectric properties were determined using a laser vibrometer. Room temperature resistances measured at 1 kHz for metal-film-metal configurations for the specimens annealed in air and O2 were 14 Ω and 1.35 kΩ, respectively. This is explained in terms of the high sensitivity of the oxidation state (+2 or +3) of iron ions to oxygen stoichiometry in the specimens. Further electrical characterization of the specimen annealed in O2 revealed very low frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant. A dielectric loss of 1% or less was detected in a wide range of frequency. The films annealed in oxygen showed piezoelectric activity with a value of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 12 pm∕V. A relatively weak ferroelectricity (remnant polarization 2Pr of approximately 1μC∕cm2) was detected for the specimens annealed in oxygen.
High mobility electron-transport material based on 2,5-dibenzthiazolyl thiophene
Authors: Mohammad Qureshi , Sundar Manoharan S.
Published: April 2005

We report an electron-transport material; 2,5-dibenzthiazolyl thiophene (TBZT) characterized using the photogenerated time-of-flight technique, which shows a weak electric-field-dependent electron mobility, typically of the order of 1.21×10−4cm2∕Vs at 2.5×105V∕cm, two orders of magnitude higher than the Alq3 complex. This enhanced carrier mobility is facilitated by the excited-state configuration of the molecule as verified by the AM1–CI semiempirical calculations in the anionic form. We show the effect of high mobility electron transport on a bilayer electroluminescent device, ITO∕TPD∕ZBZT∕TBZT (10nm)∕Al, using bis [(2-(2′-hydroxylphenyl) benzthiazolate] zinc (II) complex as the emissive layer which resulted in a 25-nm significant shift in the recombination zone and an improved current–voltage characteristics by a factor of two.
Effect of deposited energy on the structure of an exploding tungsten wire core in a vacuum
Authors: Sarkisov G. S. , Struve K. W. , McDaniel D. H.
Published: April 2005

The experiments demonstrate the full range of transformations of an exploding tungsten wire core from a solid state to total vaporization. These states are correlated with the value of deposited energy before voltage breakdown. If the deposited energy is less than the solid-state enthalpy, the wire remains solid. If the deposited energy is between the solid- and liquid-state enthalpy, the wire disintegrates into solid macroscopic-sized pieces. If the voltage breakdown happens during the liquid state, the wire expands. In this case, the expansion velocity of the wire (0.1–1km∕s) is almost a linear function of the deposited energy. The expanding wire core is homogeneous for a deposited energy more than 4eV∕atom and nonhomogeneous (100–200 μm scale “spots”) for deposited energy less than 4eV∕atom. For homogeneous expansion, the wire core consists mainly of hot liquid microdrops of submicron size [G. S. Sarkisov, P. V. Sasorov, K. W. Struve et al., J. Appl. Phys. 96, 1674 (2004)]. For deposited energy higher than atomization enthalpy, the wire core transforms into the gas-plasma state. The linear dependence between deposited energy and expansion velocity for W wires was demonstrated. The data presented are important for the optimization of the ablation rate of wire arrays in modern high-current Z-pinch installations.
Fluid formalism for collisionless magnetized plasmas
Authors: Ramos J. J.
Published: April 2005

A comprehensive analysis of the finite-Larmor-radius (FLR) fluid moment equations for collisionless magnetized plasmas is presented. It is based on perturbative but otherwise general solutions for the second and third rank fluid moments (the stress and stress flux tensors), with closure conditions still to be specified on the fourth rank moment. The single expansion parameter is the ratio between the largest among the gyroradii and any other characteristic length, which is assumed to be small but finite in a magnetized medium. This formalism allows a complete account of the gyroviscous stress, the pressure anisotropy, and the anisotropic heat fluxes, and is valid for arbitrary magnetic geometry, arbitrary plasma pressure, and fully electromagnetic nonlinear dynamics. As the result, very general yet notably compact perturbative systems of FLR collisionless fluid equations, applicable to either fast (sonic or Alfvénic) or slow (diamagnetic) motions, are obtained.
Ink-jet delivery of particle suspensions by piezoelectric droplet ejectors
Authors: Reis Nuno , Ainsley Chris , Derby Brian
Published: April 2005

The volume and velocity of droplets ejected from a piezoelectric droplet generator, as used in ink-jet printing, have been studied for a range of concentrated suspensions of submicron alumina particles as a function of driving signal voltage, frequency, and peak shape. Drop velocity and volume are found to show a linear relation with driving voltage, but show a more complicated and periodic behavior with changing frequency and peak width. This periodic dependence is shown to be a function of the acoustic properties of the fluid-filled chamber in the droplet generator. However, a simple model considering propagation of pressure waves along the tubular actuator is not consistent with experimental data if the ends are modeled as step changes in acoustic impedance. By comparing the data with that in the literature, it is proposed that the acoustic boundary condition (impedance change) at the orifice where drops are ejected is a function of orifice size and extrapolates to a closed boundary condition, as the orifice diameter tends to zero. At equivalent driving signal frequencies, the drop volume ejected, normalized by actuator volume displacement, is shown to be a function of the Ohnesorge number of the orifice through which the drops are ejected.
Transition layer thickness at a fluid-porous interface
Authors: Goharzadeh Afshin , Khalili Arzhang , Jørgensen Bo Barker
Published: April 2005

The length scale of the transition region between a porous layer and its overlying fluid layer is experimentally studied. The experimental setup consists of a rectangular channel, in which a fluid layer flows over a porous bed. Using particle image velocimetry and refractive index matching, two-dimensional velocity measurements in the interfacial region were performed. The thickness of this transition layer, defined by the height below the permeable interface up to which the velocity decreases to the Darcy scale, is measured and compared with the permeability and the matrix grain size. It was observed that the thickness of the transition zone, δ, is of the order of the grain diameter, and hence, much larger than the square root of the permeability as predicted by previous theoretical studies. The Reynolds number and the fluid height over the porous substrate were found to affect the gradient of the horizontal velocity component at the interfacial region while the length scale of the transition layer remains approximately unchanged. The effect of the porous matrix type has been investigated by utilizing spherical glass beads as well as granulates. Scaling the measured velocities by the interfacial velocity near the uppermost solid matrix resulted in a unique velocity distribution in the case of monodisperse glass beads, hinting that the interfacial velocity represents a proper scaling factor. However, for polydisperse granulate material deviation from this behavior was observed.
A cluster expansion for the decay of correlations of light-mass quantum crystals and some stochastic models under intense noise
Authors: Thebaldi Rafael S. , Pereira Emmanuel , Procacci Aldo
Published: April 2005

We analyze the two- and four-point truncated function of a lattice system of unbounded continuous spin variables describing a large class of light-mass quantum anharmonic crystals and some stochastic Ginzburg–Landau-type models under intense noise. We develop a cluster expansion and use it to obtain the decay of the two-point truncated function (which gives information about the one-particle excitations), for the interactions with finite range or with polynomial decay. Moreover, using a Bethe–Salpeter equation, we investigate the four-point truncated in a perturbative approach (whose reliability is supported by the convergence of the cluster expansion), and establish a condition for the existence of a two-particle bound state in the low-lying spectrum of the system.
Refractive index and density in F- and Cl-doped silica glasses
Authors: Kakiuchida Hiroshi , Shimodaira Noriaki , Sekiya Edson H. , Saito Kazuya , Ikushima Akira J.
Published: April 2005

The refractive index and density of fluorine- and chlorine-doped silica glasses were measured as functions of fictive temperature. The halogen concentrations were observed to have a refractive index or density that is independent of the fictive temperature were found. This implies that these properties are not affected by any heat-treatment conditions.
Out-of-plane microlens array fabricated using ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Yang Ren , Wang Wanjun , Soper Steven A.
Published: April 2005

This letter describes a three-dimensional ultraviolet-lithography (UV-lithography) process for fabricating an out-of-plane microlens array that can be prealigned with other optical components in an integrated optical bench or easily integrated into microfluidic devices. This microlens array is fabricated with a unique UV-lithography technique, and the desired surface profiles are obtained from top rows to lower rows. The microlens’ focal lengths, diameters of focal pads, depths of focus, and surface profiles are measured and reported herein. This microlens array can be prealigned with another microlens array or other optical components on the same substrate to obtain a truly integrated free-space optical bench. In addition, the fill factor of this microlens array approaches 100%.
Single-shot autocorrelation at relativistic intensity
Authors: Liesfeld Ben , Bernhardt Jens , Amthor Kay-Uwe , Schwoerer Heinrich , Sauerbrey Roland
Published: April 2005

We demonstrate the single-shot autocorrelation of an ultrashort laser pulse at relativistic intensity (above 1018W∕cm2). The pulse is divided into two equally strong laser pulses which are focused into a He-gas jet under an angle of 180°. Nonlinear Thomson scattering from plasma electrons is used as second-order autocorrelation signal.
The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (exclusive of New Zealand). II. Warmkea and the Caloforcipomyia group of subgenera
Authors: Debenham ML
Published: April 2005

In this second part of the study of Australasian Forcipomyia, the subgenus Warmkea and the group of subgenera related to Caloforcipomyia are examined. Warmkea is recorded from the Australasian region for the first time, with a single species, albiacies, sp. nov. Four new species of the subgenus Caloforcipomyia are recorded, two – quokkae, sp. nov., and gibbus, sp. nov. – from Australia (the latter also from New Guinea), and pennaticauda from New Guinea, and new records are provided for squamianulipes Tokunaga & Murachi. The subgenus Metaforcipomyia is also recorded for the first time from the region, with five Australian species – tomaculorum, sp. nov.; colonus, sp. nov.; campana, sp. nov.; rupicola, sp. nov.; crepidinis, sp. nov. – and one new New Guinea species, furculae, sp. nov. In addition, the species novaguineae Tokunaga and stigmatipennis Tokunaga are transferred to Metaforcipomyia from the subgenus Forcipomyia. A new subgenus, Bassoforcipomyia, apparently related to the Caloforcipomyia group, is erected for two new southern Australian species, centurio, sp. nov., and incus, sp, nov. The relationships of these subgenera, and the relationships of species within the subgenera, are discussed.
The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (exclusive of New Zealand). IV. The subgenera allied to Forcipomyia, s.s., and Lepidohelea, and the interrelationships and biogeography of the subgenera of Forcipomyi
Authors: Debenham ML
Published: April 2005

The four subgenera considered in this section form part of the Forcipomyia-Lepidohelea complex of subgenera. A single species of subgenus Schizoforcipomya, penniornata Tokunaga & Mcrachi (= borbonica Clastrier) has previously been described from the Australasian Region, and to this are added three new species, and the distribution of borbonica is extended. F. tinia Krivosheina from the U.S.S.R. is transferred from Lepidohelea to Schizoforcipomya. Pedilohelea is known from Africa, tropical America and Malaysia; the range of one Malaysian species, forcipis de Meillon & Wirth, is extended to the Australasian Region, and two south temperate species, F. proavia, sp, nov., and F. tasmani Macfie, 1932 are referred to the subgenus. Two additional African species, brincki de Meillon and, tentatively, alamatae Macfie, are also referred to Pedilohelea. Several species of subgenus Microhelea have been recorded from New Guinea and the Pacific, and to these are added seven new species from Australia and New Guinea. Records of the widespread species F. (M.) fuliginosa (Meigen) and F. (M.) inornatipennis (Austen) from the Region are now considered doubtful, and F. (M.) australiensis (Kieffer) is regarded as a nomen dubium. A new subgenus near Microhelea, Dycea, is erected for three Australasian Region species (vespa, sp. nov.; capax, sp, nov.; improbiserra, sp. nov.) and the species hamoni de Meillon from Africa, hikosanensis Tokunaga from Japan, and edgari Tokunaga & Murachi from Micronesia are transferred to this subgenus. The interrelationships and biogeography of the subgenera of Forcipomyia examined in this series are discussed.
Chimaerohelea, a new genus of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from north Queensland
Authors: Debenham ML
Published: April 2005

Chimaerohelea, gen. nov., is erected for Chimaerohelea caligula, sp. nov., from north Queensland, and the relationships of the genus are discussed.
Non-marine harpacticoid copepods of Australia. I. Canthocampptidae of the genus Canthocamptus Westwood s.lat. and Fibulacamptus, gen. nov., and including the description of a related new species of Canthocamptus from New Caledonia
Authors: Hamond R
Published: April 2005

The external morphology of Canthocamptus s.lat. and Fibulacamptus, gen. nov. has been resurveyed and a number of new terms and abbreviations introduced. Separate keys are given to the females and males of these genera and of all their 28 Australian species, as well as a table of their setal formulae and maps of their respective distributions; 21 of the 28 species are new. The genus Canthocamptus, when defined as in section 6 for reasons given in section 3, contains 24 species which can be placed in six fairly well-defined groups; however, the previous descriptions of Australian Canthocamptus species are so lacking in detail that two of them must be regarded as completely unidentifiable. C. bidens (which is probably parthenogenetic anyway), C. longipes and C. sublaevis are known so far only as females and Canthocamptus sp. 1 from only a single male, each of the others described here being from both sexes. C. ablatifurcatus, sp. nov. from New Caledonia is described in Appendix 4; but other existing descriptions of non-Australian species are not sufficiently detailed to refer any of them to one or other of the six groups, to equate any of these groups to a named genus or subgenus of the Canthocamptidae, or to offer any basis for the much-needed revision of this family. Fibulacarnptus differs from all other harpacticoids in the grapnel-like outer terminal seta on the male P4exopod3, but is otherwise close to Canthocamptus as defined here; it contains four species, all new.
Morphological variation in relation to the taxonomy of the destructor group of the genus Cherax
Authors: Sokol A
Published: April 2005

The present study was directed at clarifying the taxonomy of the destructor group of the genus Cherax. This group was defined by Riek (1969) to include four species: C. destructor Clark, C. albidus Clark, C. davisi Clark and C. esculus Riek. Approximately 1600 specimens representing over 80 localities were examined, including specimens from three outgroup species; C. rotundus, C. punctatus and C. dispar. Variation in 16 metric and 30 multistate characters was analysed by bivariate (analysis of covariance) and multivariate (principal components analysis) techniques. None of the taxonomic analyses supported the distinction of C. davisi or C. esculus from C. destructor, which suggests that the two former species be synonymised with the last. By contrast, C. albidus was found to be morphologically distinct. The pattern and timing of speciation of C. albidus and C. destructor are unclear but may relate to the increase in aridity in inland Australia during the late Tertiary. The analyses also indicated that heterochrony may underly the morphological divergence of these two species.
A review of the genus Lilaea Walker (Diptera : Tabanidae)
Authors: Chainey JE
Published: April 2005

The genus Lilaea Walker is reviewed and now includes the following subgenera: Alilaea, subgen. nov.; Cyanolilaea, subgen. nov.; Eucompsa Enderlein; Lilaea, sensu stricto; Pareucompsa Enderlein. A key to the subgenera is provided. New species: Lilaea (Cyanolilaea) ismayi. New combinations in Lilaea: aureocincta (Enderlein), tecticallosa (Enderlein).
The Orthopteroid insects of Norfolk Island, with descriptions and records of some related species from Lord Howe Island, South Pacific
Authors: Rentz DCF
Published: April 2005

The Orthoptera and Blattodea of Norfolk I. and adjacent Philip I. are discussed as a result of two recent expeditions sponsored by the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service and CSIRO. The origins, affinities, taxonomy and ecology of species is presented. Relevant notes and descriptions of related species from Lord Howe I. are also included. Twenty species of Orthoptera are known from Norfolk I. and Philip I. Crickets are the dominant group (10 species) probably because they oviposit in plant tissue which is readily dispersed overseas. Ten orthopteran species have their origins in mainland Australia. Three are definitely of New Caledonian origin; the remainder are from south-east Asia. Fifty-five per cent of species are endemic and 72% of these are flightless. Introduced wild olive on Philip I. is considered important in pro-viding litter and cover in which a number of endemic species survive on this otherwise ecologically devastated landscape. Seven species are described as new: Phisis tardipes, sp. nov.; Austrosalomona personafrons, gen. et sp. nov.; A. zentae (Lord Howe), gen. et sp. nov.; Caedicia gracilis, sp. nov.; C. araucariae, sp. nov.; C. noctivaga, sp. nov.; C. mesochides (Lord Howe), sp. nov. Eight species of Blattodea (cockroaches) are recorded from the islands. Only three are considered native, the others have been introduced through commerce. Evidence is presented suggesting that Periplaneta americana (L.), present on Norfolk but not on Philip, has outcompeted and eliminated a native cricket on Norfolk; the cricket is present and common in similar habitats on Philip I. No new species are described.
Revision of the Systellopini (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Melolonthinae)
Authors: Allsopp PG
Published: April 2005

The Systellopini, an Australian tribe of the Scarabaeidae : Melolonthinae, is revised. It now includes six genera and 19 valid species. The tribe is defined and keys are provided to genera and species. The new species described are: Sarothromerus aranda, Sa. niger, Sphyrocallus desertus, Sp. lloydi, Prochelyna houstoni, Enamillus septus, E. clevensis, and E. rectus. The following generic names are synonymized (synonym first): Tosotarsus Sharp and Atholerus Sharp = Prochelyna Erichson; Trichelasmus Sharp = Enamillus Sharp. The following specific names are synonymized (synonym first): Systellopus validus Sharp and Sy. ater Lea = Sy. obtusus Sharp; Atholerus obscurus Sharp = Prochelyna heterodoxa Burmeister. Previously described species are transferred to other genera as follows: Tosotarsus velutinus Sharp to Prochelyna; Trichelasmus basalis Blackburn to Enamillus; Sphyrocallus bicolor Blackburn to Enamillus; Trichelasmus pilicollis Sharp to Enamillus. Prochelyna rubella Schaufuss is transferred to the Liparetrini and synonymized with Pachygastra tasmanica Germar, and Metascelis flexilis Westwood is presumed not to be a systellopine. The other species recognized are Sarothromerus sharpi (Blackburn), Chilodiplus albertisi Sharp, Sphyrocallus brunneus Sharp, Enamillus mauricei Blackburn and E. striatus Sharp.
Classification and annotated checklist of the Australian genera of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Doyen JT , Matthews EG , Lawrence JF
Published: April 2005

An annotated checklist of Australian tenebrionid genera is given, with notes on new tribal and subfamily placements based on recent studies. The tribes Heterocheirini and Scaphidemini are used in a new sense, and the new tribes Chaerodini and Ectychini are proposed. The tribes Dysantini and Rhipidandrini have been reduced to subtribes. The following generic synonymy is proposed: Ulomoides Blackburn (= Palembus Casey). Alphitobius hilli Carter is transferred to Platydema Laporte & Brulle, and Meneristes dentipes Carter, M. lobatus Carter and M. quadratus Carter are transferred to Zophophilus Fairmaire. New generic records for Australia include: Leiochrinus Westwood, Myrmechixenus Latreille, Phaleria Latreille, Salax Guerin-Mtneville, and Tyrtaeus Champion. The genera Cymbeba Pascoe, Luprops Hope, and Thesilea Haag-Rutenberg, previously recorded from Australia, do not occur there. The genus Melytra Pascoe is transferred from Tenebrionidae to Zopheridae, and Eucistela Carter is transferred from Tenebrionidae (Alleculidae) to Pythidae.
The micro-caddisflies (Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae) of north Sulawesi
Authors: Wells A
Published: April 2005

Twenty-two species of Hydroptilidae are described from North Sulawesi, comprising the first record of this family from Sulawesi and providing further insight into the nature of the Oriental fauna. The species fall into eight genera in three Hydroptilinae tribes: (I) Stactobiini: Chrysotrichia Schmid (3 spp.), Parastactobia Schmid (1 sp.), Scelotrichia Ulmer (1 sp.), Plethus Hagen (1 sp.); (2) Hydroptilini: Hydroptila Dalman (7 spp.), Oxyethira Eaton (1 sp.), Hellyethira Neboiss (1 sp.); (3) Orthotrichiini: Orthotrichia Eaton (7 spp.). Descriptions of 18 new species are based primarily on adult males, but females of many are described and some immatures, including the hitherto unknown 5th-instar larvae, pupae and cases of Chrysotrichia and Scelotrichia. Keys to genera are provided for adults and cased larvae. In addition, keys are provided to males and females of Hydroptila and males of Chrysotrichia and Orthotrichia. A checklist of the Hydroptilidae of North Sulawesi is appended. The considerable intra-specific variation across the wide Australasian-SE. Asian ranges of Hydroptila obscura Wells, H. incertula Mosely and Oxyethira incana Ulmer is discussed, and the New Guinean H. explicata Wells is synonymised with H. obscura. Asseseement of variability in several genera leads to a redefinition of Chrysotrichia and the synonymy of Madioxyethira Schmid and Pseudoxyethira Schmid with Scelotrichia Ulmer. Relationships of stactobiine genera are considered.
On the identity of Erichson's species Calliptamus baiulus (Orthopter : Acrididae)
Authors: Key KHL
Published: April 2005

The original material of the Tasmanian grasshopper described as Calliptamus baiulus by Erichson in 1842 has been rediscovered. A new genus Schayera, related to the mainland Australian genera Azelota and Perunga, is erected to accommodate it. The species has apparently never been collected again and the male is unknown. The genus and species are described and figured.
Revision of the Australian species of the genus Apotomus Illiger (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Apotominae)
Authors: Baehr M
Published: April 2005

The Australian members of Apotomus Illiger are revised. A lectotype for A. australis is designated, and proof is furnished that the single specimen of A. novaehollandiae Castelnau in the MCSN (Genoa) is the holotype of this taxon. However, A. novaehollandiae Castelnau and A. mastersii Macleay are synonymised with A. australis by virtue of their male genitalia and the lack of any stable exterior distinguishing characters. A. minor, sp. nov. from northwestern Australia is newly described. Because A. australis and A. minor are rather distinctly related and their distribution patterns are strikingly different, a double immigration of Apotomus stocks into Australia on separate pathways and at different times is supposed, the A. minor lineage being the younger element.
A review of the water mite family Anisitsiellidae in Australia (Acarina)
Authors: Harvey MS
Published: April 2005

Based on a limited amount of new material, the Australian members of Anisitsiellidae are reviewed. Four new species are described: Mamersella ponderi, Rutacarus stygius, Anisitsiellides caledonia, and A. tabberabbera. Three new synonymies are proposed: Pseudatractides Nayar under Sigthoria Koenike, Australiotonia Cook under Anisitsiellides Lundblad, and Pseudatractides pyriformis Nayar under Sigthoria nilotica (Nordenskiold). Variation between populations of S. nilotica is investigated. Particular attention is given to the glandularia, and homologies are established between genera. A key to species is presented.
A revision of old world Parabaeus Kieffer (Hymenoptera : Platygastridae), a group of highly modified apterous parasitoids inhabiting litter
Authors: Austin AD
Published: April 2005

The Old World members of the genus Parabaeus Kieffer are revised and a key to species provided. Previously only known in the Old World from the holotype P. ruficornis Kieffer (Seychelle Is), the fauna of this region is expanded to six species, viz. P. abyssus, sp. nov. (Western Australia), P. africanus, sp. nov. (Malawi), P. quasimodus, sp, nov. (Kenya), P. peckorum, sp. nov., and P. armadillus, sp. nov. (South Africa). Apterous members of the genus possess the most highly fused mesosoma of the Platygastridae (sensu Masner and Huggert 1989). The function of this morphology is discussed and compared with other apterous genera in the family.
The Australian mealybugs (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) of Xanthorrhoea (Xanthorrhoeaceae)
Authors: Qin TK , Gullan PJ
Published: April 2005

Xanthorrhoea is recorded for the first time as a host-plant genus of Australian mealybugs. Three new mealybug species, Dysmicoccus waustensis, D. saustralis, and Pseudococcus xanthorrhoeae, are recorded on Xanthorrhoea species (grass-trees) from disjunct localities. The adult females of all three species and the third instar female of P. xanthorrhoeae are described and illustrated. A key is provided for these grass-tree mealybugs and their relationships to previously described species are discussed.
The hydroptilid tribe Stactobiini (Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae) in New Guinea
Authors: Wells A
Published: April 2005

The hydroptilid tribe Stactobiini (Trichoptera : Hydroptilinae : Hydroptilidae) is reported from New Guinea for the first time, with a total of 20 species in three genera. The new species include three in Chrysotrichia Schmid and four in Scelotrichia Ulmer, including an aberrant species, S. laitimtok, sp. nov., which lacks ocelli, and for which the otherwise accommodating diagnosis of Scelotrichia is modified. A new genus, Niuginitrichia, gen. nov., is erected for a group of 13 species also lacking ocelli, but sharing several other autapomorphies that are not present in S. laitimtok, sp. nov.; its probable relationships are discussed. All species descriptions are based on male genitalic features; where available, females, pupae, final-instar larvae and cases are described and notes on habitat included. Generic keys to adults and mature larvae are provided, as well as keys to species.
The systematics of the family Menthidae (Pseudoscorpionida)
Authors: Harvey MS , Muchmore WB
Published: April 2005

The pseudoscorpion family Menthidae is reexamined and 4 genera and 8 species are recognised: Menthrus Chamberlin with M. rossi (Chamberlin), M. mexicanus Hoff, M. lindahli (Chamberlin) and M. californicus Chamberlin from south-western USA. and Mexico, Oligomenthus Beier with O. argentinus Beier from Argentina and O. chilensis Vitali-di Castri from Chile, Thenmus Harvey, gen, nov. with T. aigialites Harvey, sp. nov. (type species) from north-eastem Australia, and Paramenthus Beier with P. shulovi Beier from Israel. Adults of all menthid species are found to have 11 trichobothria on the fixed chelal finger and hand. Post-embryonic development is investigated.
A taxonomic revision of the long-tailed wasps of the genus Megalyra Westwood (Hymenoptera : Megalyridae)
Authors: Shaw SR
Published: April 2005

The genus Megalyra Westwood, comprising the entire Australian megalyrid fauna, is revised. Eleven new species are described and sixteen species are redescribed. A key to the species and information on their relationships, distribution, and biology is presented. New synonyms are as follows: M. eiythropus Cameron, M. szepligetii Bradley, M. kalgoorliensrs Froggatt. M. puncrara Froggatt, M. punctata rufina Fahringer. M. fasciipennis io Girault, and M. nigricorpus Girault are newly synonymised under M. farciipennis Westwood; M. variegara Froggatt, M. fivnchi Froggatt, M. lyelli Froggatt, and M. hirsuta Froggatt are newly synonymised under M. rufipes Erichson; M. fahrei Girault is newly synonymised under M. viridescens Froggatt; and M. rnutilis Westwood, M. melanoptera Schletterer, and M. mastersi Froggatt are newly synonymised under M. shuckardi Westwood. Lectotypes are designated for M. fasciipennis Westuood, M. caudata Szepligeti, M. puncrata Froggatt, M. lyelli Froggatt, M. variegata Froggatt, M. frenchi Froggatt, M. lilliputiana Turner, and M. restaceipes Turner. A neotype is designated for M. wagneri Fahringer. Characters supporting the monophyly of Megalyra are discussed, and the species are classified into species-groups.
Biochemcal and morphometric differences of two sympatric sibling species of Clathria (Porifera : Demospongiae : Microcionidae) from northern Australia
Authors: Hooper JNA , Capon RJ , Keenan CP , Parry DL
Published: April 2005

Two cryptic sympatric species of Clathria were discovered incidentally during an electrophoretic study of 62 poecilosclerid and axinellid species. Subsequent investigations on the carotenoid pigment characteristics and antibiotic activity of 37 species, and free amino acid composition of 30 species confirmed those differences, but only very few morphological features of questionable importance could be used consistently to differentiate taxa (C. lendenfeldi Ridley and Dendy and C. major Hentschel): thickness and geometry of toxa microscleres, presence or absence of apical spination on a variable proportion of auxiliary megascleres, and statistical (but not absolute) differences in the mean sizes of many spicule categories. Biological and biochemical characteristics and population variability of both species are briefly described, and the significance of cryptic characters to the existing morphological systematics of Microcionidae is discussed.
Scheloribates Berlese and Megascheloribates gen. nov. from southeastern Australia, with comments on Scheloribatidae (Acarida : Cryptostigmata : Oriopodoidea)
Authors: Lee DC , Pajak GA
Published: April 2005

The cosmopolitan oribate mite genus Scheloribates Berlese, 1908 and the Scheloribatidae Grandjean, 1933 are redefined and a new genus, Megascheloribates, is established. Previous scheloribatid records (all unidentified species of Scheloribates) from Australia are reviewed. Records of Megascheloribates, Scheloribates and Setobates Balogh, 1962, from nine florally diverse sites in South Australia, are listed to indicate their possible value as ecological indicators. Records are given of two unidentified Scheloribates species as intermediate hosts of anoplocephalid tapeworms in New South Wales and Victoria indicating that species vary in their susceptibility to infestation. Eleven new species from eight sites in South Australia are described, grouped in three species-complexes of Scheloribates and in Megascheloribates as follows: Scheloribates eusetosus-complex – S. eusetosus, S. brevipodus, S. diforamenatus, S. nanus, S. parabrevipodus, S, parananus; Scheloribates crassipodus-complex – S. crassipodus; Scheloribates heterosetosus-complex – S. hetersetosus, S. unisetosus; Megascheloribates, gen. nov. – M. microsetosus, M. calcaratus. A key is given to distinguish Australian genera of Scheloribatidae and species of Megascheloribates and Scheloribates. Some morphological characters, including leg size and shape, are considered. New synonymies are proposed as follows: Hemileiidae Balogh & Balogh, 1984 under Scheloribatidae; Neoscheloribates Hammer, 1973 and Semischeloribates Hammer, 1973 under Scheloribates; Propescheloribates Jacot, 1936 under Styloribates Jacot, 1934b. The synonymy of Styloribates under Muliercula Coetzer, 1968 by Coetzer, 1968 is revoked. New combinations, previously with Scheloribates, are proposed as follows: Megascheloribates anzacensis (Hammer, 1961); M. giganteus (Hammer, 1967); M. maximus (Balogh, 1962); M. microclava (Balogh, 1962); M. rostrodentatus (Hammer, 1977); Perscheloribates conjuges (Hammer, 1967); P. keriensis (Hammer, 1967); P. monodactylus (Zandalinas, 1987).
New Asian ants for the tribe Basicerotini, with an on-line computer interactive key to the twenty-six known Indo-Australian species (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae)
Authors: Taylor RW
Published: April 2005

The 24 known Old World species of Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf and 2 of Rhopalothrix Mayr are reviewed. All are Indo-Australian. Nine species are described as new: Eurhopalothrix browni (Sabah); E. chapmani (Luzon); E. coronata (Sumatra, Sarawak, Sabah); E. dubia (Sabah); E. jennya (Sarawak); E. omnivaga (W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Sarawak, Sabah, Sulawesi); E. platisquama (W. Malaysia, Sumatra); E. rothschildi (Sarawak) and E. seguensis (Sarawak). These and the 3 previously described Asian Eurhopalothrix species are illustrated and their distributions mapped. E. philippina Brown & Kempf is recorded from Luzon. All palaeogean basicerotines are keyed conventionally, and an on line computer interactive key to all is offered on disc.
Australian Ogeria Distant (Heteroptera : Schizopteridae)
Authors: Hill L
Published: April 2005

Ogeria Distant is redefined in comparison with Pachyplagia Gross. Thirteen species are newly described from Australia: O. spinera, O. convexicauda, O. quadridentata, O. illumata, O. obliquicauda, O. multidentata, O. dentispina, O. arcuata, O. parallela, O. bifurca, O. biprojecta, O. cavatica, and O. quadrivenata. The species are keyed. The occurrence of Ogeria outside Australia is outlined. A cryptic arboreal inquiline niche is suggested. Character variation in the genus is discussed.
Taxonomic revision of Australian Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart (Cestoda : Trypanorhyncha)
Authors: Beveridge I
Published: April 2005

All species of eutetrarhynchid cestodes known from Australian elasmobranch fishes are redescribed and 10 new species are erected. The genera Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946, and Trigonolobium Dollfus, 1929 are reported from the Australian region for the first time. Trigonolobium is described in detail and allocated to the Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927. The genus Eutetrarhynchus Pintner, 1913 is redefined. E. australis Prudhoe, 1969, and E. geraschmidti Dollfus, 1974 are redescribed. E. leucomelanus (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) and E. michiae (Southwell, 1929) are redescribed from the types and reported for the first time from the Australian region. Five new species of Eutetrarhynchus are described: E. aetobati, sp. nov., E. bareldsi, sp. nov., E. martini, sp. nov., E. ocallaghani, sp. nov., and E. owensi, sp. nov. The genus Prochristianella is redefined and four new species are added: P. butlerae, sp. nov., P. clarkeae, sp. nov., P. mooreae, sp. nov., and P. odonoghuei, sp. nov. The genus Parachristianella Dollfus, 1946 is redefined. Pa. monomegacantha Kruse, 1959 is redescribed from Australian specimens, and Pa. baverstocki, sp. nov. is added to the genus. Trigonolobium spinuliferum (Southwell, 1911) is redescribed and reported for the first time from the Australian region. Trimacracanthus Beveridge & Campbell, 1987 is included in the revision. Keys are included to all genera and species. The following new combinations are used: Eutetrarhynchus micracanthus (Carvajal, Campbell & Cornford, 1976) (syn. Prochristianella micracantha), Eutetrarhynchus musteli (Carvajal, 1974) (syn. Prochristianella musteli), Prochristianella thalassia (Kovacs & Schmidt, 1980) (syn. Eutetrarhynchus thalassius) and Parachristianella carribensis (Kovacs & Schmidt, 1980) (syn. Eutetrarhynchus carribensis).
Revision of the genus Parlalepidonotus Horst, 1915 (Polychaeta : Polynoidae)
Authors: Hanley JR
Published: April 2005

The polynoid scaleworm genus Paraleprdonotus is revised. One synonymy is proposed: P. boholensis (Grube 1878) is referred to P. indrcus (Kinberg 1856). Paraiepidonotus boholensis curacaoensis Horst, 1922 is removed from the genus and referred to Harmothoe. Two new species are described: P. erythromaris from the Red Sea and P. heteropodus from Australia. A key to the four species is given. The genus is referred to the subfamily Harmothoinae.
The genus Macrophiothrix (Ophiuroidea : Ophiotrichidae) in Australian waters
Authors: Hoggett AK
Published: April 2005

The genus Macrophiothrix H. L. Clark, 1938, includes some of the largest and most common ophiuroids occupying cryptic habitats in tropical Australia. Taxonomy of the Ophiotrichidae is confused and the species of Macrophiothrix, in particular, have been difficult to identify. Range of variation of certain characters within species has been determined by examination of a large number of specimens. Shape of the dorsal arm plates and form of the disc stumps are reasonably reliable diagnostic characters within adults of most species. Many taxonomic characters were found to vary in a consistent manner between small and large individuals of a species. A group of character states common to small specimens of most species is identified. In Australian waters, 17 species of Macrophiothrix (including two new species and four species newly recorded from Australia) are now recognised.
The hydroptilid tribes Hydroptilini and Orthotrichiini in New Guinea (Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae : Hydroptilinae)
Authors: Wells A
Published: April 2005

Twenty-one species are newly described in the New Guinea Hydroptilidae, in two tribes, Hydroptilini and Orthotrichiini, subfamily Hydroptilinae. Recorded for the first time from New Guinea are Oxyethira Eaton, Hellyethira Neboiss, Ugandatrichia Mosely, and Tricholeiochiton Kloet & Hincks, as well as new species in Hydroptila Dalman and Orthotrichia Eaton. Interest centres on unique aspects of the fauna, including a new monotypic genus, Missitrichia, gen. nov., and several species in Hellyethira with unusually asymmetric male genitalia; relationships and possible origins of these and other components of the New Guinea Hydroptilidae are discussed. Keys to adult males and larvae are presented and a checklist of New Guinea hydroptilids is appended.
Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Australia: the genera Cephalops Fallén and Beckerias Aczél
Authors: Meyer MDe , Grootaert P
Published: April 2005

Pipunculid representatives of the genera Cephalops and Beckerias in Australia are revised. Eight species, of which six (Cephalops ariadneae, sp. nov., C. caeruleimontanus, sp. nov., C. cochleatus, sp. nov., C. flaviventris, sp. nov., C. robustus, sp. nov., and C. terraereginensis, sp. nov.) are new to science, are recognised. Three species, formerly placed under Cephalops, are placed in new generic combinations: Microcephalops anthracias (Perkins), M. homoeophanes (Perkins) and M. microdes (Perkins). The relationship of the Australian fauna with other adjacent faunas is discussed, and the phylogenetic relationship of the species is reviewed. A key for the Australian Cephalops and Beckerias species is provided.