bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resident Pediatrician’s Knowledge and Practice Toward Infantile Colic: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ahmed Ghassan Yousif , Mohammed Muaath Ahmed , Ibrahim Zeinab Mohamed , Abdelmagid Fathia Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background: Although infantile colic is believed to be a benign and self-limiting condition, it can cause anxiety in both caregivers and infants. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain what pediatric residents know and do regarding this condition.
Methods: A cross-sectional facility-based survey was carried out on 113 pediatric residents enrolled in the 4th-year pediatric residence training program. The researchers developed a structured, pretested, and validated questionnaire to gather the data. SPSS version 25 was used for the data analysis. The qualitative data are expressed as frequencies (N) and percentages (%). The quantitative data are expressed as ranges, means, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs).
Results: The respondent’s mean age was 30.32 ± 3.04 years. Less than half of the participants can identify the clinical criteria for diagnosing infantile colic. Although 97 (85.8%) of the residents suspected infantile colic when examining infants screaming or irritable for no obvious reason, 83 (73.4%) believed that additional laboratory testing was required to confirm the diagnosis. Although 111 (98.2%) of the residents agreed that parent education on the condition’s benign and self-limiting nature is the cornerstone of treatment, most were unsure about alternative treatment approaches. The majority of residents do not always give medications and/or remedies, nor do they promote nonpharmacological treatments for colic. If the infants do not improve with conservative or medical therapy and their parents return them, 64 (56.6%) of the residents will undertake a medical assessment, while 50 (44.2%) would request more investigations. In addition, 70 (61.9%) will continue to provide parental counseling and comfort.
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the need for substantial efforts to improve resident’s knowledge and practice of infantile colic management. Such research findings are critical for allocating resources, planning, and implementing successful healthcare initiatives and policies.
Marian Miracles in Kazania prydanyie do knyhy Kliuch razuminiia and Nebo novoie by Yoanikiy Halyatovsky: a Diachronic Aspect
Authors: Maksymchuk Olha
Published: December 2024

This paper traces the publication history of The Miracles of the Mother of God, compiled by Yoanykiy Galyatovskyi (1688) and printed in the editions of Kazania prydanyie do knyhy Kliuch razuminiia (Kyiv, 1660) and Nebo novoie (first published in Lviv, 1665), focusing on diachronic aspects such as editing, authorial changes, and publisher’s amendments.Nebo novoie, a collection of Marian miracle tales, belongs to the Miracula genre, which gained popularity in early modern Ukraine. This edition is based on the miracles Galyatovskyi included at the end of Kazania prydanyie under the title «Some Wonders of the Blessed Virgin Mary», which originally numbered 95 miracles, with 8 omitted from the later collection.The volume of Nebo novoie significantly surpasses that of previously published texts; among the 457 miracles in its second edition, over 80 percent are new narrative units. Thus, Nebo novoie stands as an original publication in which Galyatovskyi incorporates elements of his earlier work. This self-repetition is characteristic of Galyatovskyi՚s style but can also be observed in the works of his contemporaries who attended Kyiv-Mohyla College.Textual analysis shows that the miracles from Kazania prydani, reprinted in Nebo novoie, underwent minor edits that did not affect their overall scope or content. These changes could have been made either by the author himself or by the typographers during the book’s preparation for publication. The printers’ revisions likely included orthographic adjustments and minor stylistic edits, resulting in slight textual shortening or, conversely, small additions to the narratives.It is assumed that certain insertions or updates, such as references to sources, were made by the author himself. Moreover, Galyatovskyi is thought to have made more substantial modifications, specifically in the systematic organization of the miracles, grouping them into chapters according to established criteria. This structural development was likely intended to enhance readers’ navigation within the book, aided using graphic elements such as headings, capital letters, and decorative inlays.Thus, the research highlights the evolution of the author’s work over time. In Nebo novoie, Galyatovskyi revisits and refines previously published narrative units (miracles), with particular attention to their organization and presentation.
Authorial Voice in Academic Articles
Authors: Hanks Elizabeth , Eckstein Grant , Rawlins Jacob , Briggs Haley , Chun Leanne
Published: December 2024

Authorial voice plays a key role in helping writers establish themselves as experts in their field as well as demonstrate their individual style (e.g., Tardy, 2012). Citation usage has an important impact on authorial voice in academic writing and can be implemented in various ways; namely, through citation types (e.g., integral, non-integral) and citation presentation (e.g., direct quotes, summaries, generalizations). While many researchers have examined citation type among novice and experienced writers, researchers have largely overlooked citation presentation across disciplines – that is, how experienced authors balance the use of quotations, summaries, and generalization to index authorial voice. Beginning academic writers may be encouraged to use quotations to prevent plagiarism, but it is unclear if this advice reflects patterns in published writing across disciplines. In this study, we examine the background sections (i.e., introductions and/or literature reviews) of 270 academic research papers to evaluate the extent to which various citation types and presentations are used in background sections across six disciplines. Findings which can inform disciplinary writing guides and educational materials indicate disciplinary variation in citation type, with applied linguistics using the most citations overall and physics and biology using the fewest integral citations. Disciplines also differed in their citation presentation, with some favoring summaries and others favoring generalizations while quotation was rare overall. These results have important implications for teachers and material developers who can use these patterns of source usage to compare and contrast disciplinary norms and provide direct instruction on features of academic voice. Cross-disciplinary awareness of voice features can also highlight disciplinary patterns for students, allowing them to write more like experts in their fields.
Review of Research Methods in the Study of L2 Writing Processes
Authors: Mamadiyeva Gulbakhor , Nurmukhamedov Ulugbek
Published: December 2024

While there are a number of books that address how to research first language (L1) and second language (L2) writing, there are not many accessible research manuals that guide novice researchers on how to research cognitive processes associated with L1/L2 writing. Researching L1/L2 writing processes and development requires a consideration of a number of variables because writing typically occurs in many different contexts (e.g., in-class, at home), settings (e.g., ESL vs. EFL), modalities (e.g., paper and pen, digital), and conditions (e.g., individual, collaborative). We find the edited volume Research Methods in the Study of L2 Writing Processes by Rosa Manchón and Julio Rocaa (2023) to be insightful for two reasons. First, all the chapters in the volume provide step-by-step directions in researching L1/L2 writing processes, highlight methodological concerns, and offer ideas on addressing those concerns. Second, the volume provides an excellent overview of key considerations in employing diverse research instruments to study writing processes.
Soğuklatma, Yöney ve Gölgeleme Uygulamalarının Elek Altı Kardelen (Galanthus elwesii Hook. F.) Soğanlarının Büyütülmesindeki Etkileri
Authors: Zeybekoğlu Emrah
Published: December 2024

Türkiye diğer bitki gruplarında olduğu gibi doğal çiçek soğanlarında da önemli bir doğal zenginliğe sahiptir. Doğal çiçek soğanlarının bazı türleri, ihracat amaçlı olarak yaklaşık bir asır boyunca Anadolu’dan kontrolsüz olarak sökülmüş, 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren doğadan toplanmaları kontrol altına alınmıştır. İhracat miktarı bakımından Galanthus L. cinsi önde gelmektedir. Günümüzde önemli sorunlardan birisi, doğadan gerçekleştirilen sökümlerde farklı sebepler ile büyük soğanlar ile birlikte her yıl farklı oranlarda sökülen pazarlanabilir boyutun altındaki küçük soğanların etkin bir geri kazanımının olmamasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Galanthus elwesii Hook. F. türünün küçük soğanlarında (
Análisis histórico de la matemática en la educación primaria cubana en los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: García Marcelina Caridad Moreno , Hernández Walfredo González
Published: December 2024

En el artículo se presenta un estudio de la Matemática como ciencia y su enseñanza en la instrucción primaria en los siglos XIX y XX. Se caracteriza el nivel primario y la evolución de la educación primaria en esos siglos, destacando las principales personalidades de la época y sus contribuciones. El objetivo planteado por los autores está dirigido a develar las regularidades de la enseñanza de la Matemática en Cuba desde el 1850 hasta el 1959. El método de investigación utilizado es el análisis documental. El estudio toma en cuenta las características psicológicas y pedagógicas del escolar en este nivel de enseñanza, en la que el desarrollo de algunas de las funciones psicológicas superiores recién se forma en la escuela. También se tienen en cuenta los elementos fundamentales de la matemática en este siglo: la separación de la realidad y el incremento del rigor lógico en la obtención de sus resultados. Se presenta el impacto que ha tenido en la educación primaria actual el desarrollo de la matemática en los siglos XIX y XX.
Juventudes geracionais: reverberações históricas e suas representações
Authors: Nascimento Ivany Pinto , Lionetti Lucía
Published: December 2024

Este artigo teve o objetivo abordar as gerações de juventudes brasileiras e argentinas na perspectiva de suas respectivas representações, ontem e hoje, de uma perspectiva histórica comparada e conectada. É abordado neste estudo, as juventudes que viveram tanto na modernidade quanto na pós-modernidade. Para isso, foram eleitos dois aspectos a saber: 1) os períodos históricos da modernidade e da pós-modernidade, marcados por eventos históricos sociais e culturais que justificaram o aparecimento de pensamentos, afetos e fazeres nas diferentes épocas e contextos; e 2) a cultura juvenil, presente em cada período por considerar que a abordagem sobre as culturas juvenis de cada época histórica assegura maior clareza sobre a dinâmica psicossocial dessas juventudes.
Finalização da carreira docente: características e desafios
Authors: Chaves Risia Silva , Ferreira Lúcia Gracia
Published: December 2024

O estudo objetivou identificar as características e os desafios de professores em período de finalização da carreira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, descritiva-exploratória, realizada com 67 professores da Educação Básica atuantes na Rede Municipal de Educação do município de Itapetinga-Bahia. A produção dos dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário aplicado aos professores. A análise e tratamento dos referidos dados foi alicerçada nos autores que embasaram a pesquisa e orientada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2010). Os dados produzidos foram agrupados em três categorias: 1) perfil; 2) emoções/sentimentos; 3) desafios dos professores. No transcorrer da investigação, encontramos um grupo de professores estressados e cansados, o que gerou um intenso adoecimento docente. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de fomentar ações/políticas específicas para o docente em fim de carreira que proporcione qualidade de vida e melhores condições de trabalho, valorizando o potencial, a experiência e a relevância desses sujeitos no processo pedagógico.
Etiology of brown rot in strawberry (Fragaria x nanassa) in the State of Mexico
Authors: Velasco-Montaño Hugo , Ayala-Escobar Victoria , Téliz-Ortiz Daniel , Landero-Valenzuela Nadia , Leyva-Mir Santos Gerardo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective. In a strawberry crop established in a greenhouse in Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, in 2022, brownish brown leaf spots and rotting of fruits with asymmetric sunken lesions were observed, which extended and acquired a brown color. The objective of the present work was to identify the causal agent of brown rot in fruits and strawberry plants. Materials and Methods. Symptomatic fruits and leaves were collected, from which fungal isolates were obtained to perform pathogenicity tests on plants and fruits, in plants by two inoculation methods: spraying via foliar and via root; in fruits by immersion. Concentrations of 2×106 conidia mL-1 were used. The ITS region of the rDNA was amplified and sequenced by PCR with the universal primers ITS1-ITS4. Results. Pilidium concavum was morphologically and molecularly identified as the causal agent of brown spot and brown rot on strawberry. It was found to be pathogenic in strawberry fruits cv. Aromas and in plants less than two months old. It showed variation in virulence, in affected plants it varied from 40 to 50%, in fruits it reached 100%. Conclusion. The result determines that Pilidium concavum is a pathogen that produces brown leaf spot and brown rot in strawberry fruits. It allows new lines of research related to the impact of the disease on strawberry production, yield and quality in Mexico. This research is the first report of Pilidium concavum as a strawberry pathogen in the State of Mexico.
Chemical thermodynamics of fluoride-ammonium processing of ash and slag technogenic waste
Authors: Pushkin Alexander A. , Rimkevich Vyacheslav S. , Girenko Irina V.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The need to replace the import of alumina in the aluminum industry with its production from domestic raw materials for solving the problem of raw material safety, and accumulation of a large amount of ash and slag technogenic waste of thermal power plants. On the one hand, they violate the environmental situation, and, on the other hand, are a kind of minerals located on the surface of the Earth and, therefore, are not required the cost of their extraction from the bowels of the earth. Aim. To study chemical thermodynamics of reactions of ammonium fluoride processing of technogenic ash and slag raw materials in order to optimize the technological process using a program for preliminary calculations of thermodynamics of chemical reactions. Methods. Theoretical analysis, computer calculation, experimental research using chemical, X-ray phase, emission and absorption spectral and of other types of analysis. Results and conclusions. The authors have studied chemical thermodynamics of ammonium fluoride technology for processing ash and slag man-made waste from thermal power plants of the Amur region. They obtained various useful products: nanoscale amorphous silica, alumina grades G0 and G1, red iron oxide pigment Fe2O3, concentrate (Ca, Y)F2 enriched with rare earth and refractory elements, noble metals and other useful components. For preliminary calculations of thermodynamics of chemical reactions, the authors applied a vb program with thermodynamic potentials and their derivatives of more than 300 chemicals database, which they created on the basis of a text file. The program allowed calculating the changes of enthalpy, Gibbs potential, equilibrium constants, as well as errors of calculations of Gibbs potential and enthalpy changes.
Technologies for capturing and storing carbon dioxide during conversion, use of fuel and gaseous waste from energy production
Authors: Filimonova Antonina A. , Gizzatullin Azamat R. , Vlasova Alena Yu. , Chichirova Natalia D.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The continued dependence on the combustion of carbon-based fuels for energy and industry leads to the need to develop various categories of technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Aim. Development of carbon capture and storage technologies for all stages of fuel conversion and processing, ensuring a low-carbon cycle for the production of electrical and thermal energy, as well as industrial and social facilities. Methods. Chemical, physical adsorption and absorption. Results and conclusions. For large industrial and energy producers, for small energy consumers, it is necessary to be guided by the principles of environmental friendliness and efficiency when implementing the production process, and to increase the percentage of carbon dioxide removal, implement decarbonization technologies at all stages of producing electricity and thermal energy. For the category of CO2 removal at the stage of preliminary fuel conversion, adsorbent compositions using predominantly environmentally friendly and inexpensive natural materials based on bentonite have been developed and tested. The collection capacity of the developed adsorbents is 85–98%. For the category of CO2 removal at the stage of fuel use, a hybrid energy system is presented, including a microgas turbine with heat recovery, a high-temperature fuel cell and other devices and material flows connecting them. A pilot industrial prototype of a 30 kW hybrid energy system will produce heat, electricity, steam, and hot water. In this embodiment, the hybrid system can work as an autonomous energy source for small social and commercial facilities, representing a pilot stage of the engineering and design implementation of the results of an industrial-level hybrid system. For the category of carbon dioxide removal at the stage of CO2 separation from the flue gas mixture after fuel conversion, a block for removing CO2 from flue gases using the absorption method was proposed. Solutions of 15% monoethanolamine, 15% ammonia solution, and 6% sodium hydroxide solution showed the best absorption capacity. It is proposed to equip the hybrid energy system with a CO2 capture unit for complete decarbonization of gas emissions based on closed-cycle technology. The proposed technology for capturing and storing carbon dioxide at the post-fuel conversion stage is characterized by ease of implementation and economic accessibility.
Impact of substrate gradient on start-up of partial nitritation-anammox process
Authors: Kosgey Kiprotich , Kiambi Sammy Lewis
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Partial nitritation-anammox represents a cost-effective biological nitrogen removal that has a lot of potential as an alternative process to conventional nitrification/denitrification. However, the sensitivity of the process to operating and environmental conditions limits its widespread application. Aim. To study the impact of substrate gradient on the start-up of partial nitritation-anammox in continuously stirred tank reactor and plug-flow up-flow reactor. Methodology. Modified activated sludge model number 1 (ASM 1) in MATLAB environment was implemented. Time-based aeration control was incorporated in the model (10 minutes on/20 minutes off). Concentration of dissolved oxygen between 0.2 and 0.8 mg-O2/L during the aeration phase was simulated. Results and conclusion. It was found that partial nitritation-anammox could be successfully started-up in both reactors in less than 200 days under the given operating conditions. In addition, changes within the bacterial communities could occur in the course of operation of reactors. The abundance of anammox bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, and ammonia oxidising bacteria could decrease with reactor height, while the growth of nitrite oxidising bacteria could vary with reactor height in plug-flow up-flow reactor due to the dynamics of nitrite (NO2–) generation and depletion in different levels within the reactor. Overall, partial nitritation-anammox implementation in continuously stirred tank reactor and plug-flow up-flow reactor is feasible.
Aluminum powder impact on the efficiency of diesel fuel dewaxing by centrifugation
Authors: Yakovlev Nikolay S. , Zhdanovich Mikhail F. , Agaev Slavik Hamid ogly , Savchenkov Andrey L.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The improvement of the low-temperature properties of diesel fuels is achieved using various methods of dewaxing and isomerization, leading to almost complete loss of n-alkanes and, accordingly, to deterioration in the detonation properties of fuels. Partial dewaxing of diesel fuels is of interest. It allows the preservation of most of the n-alkanes. Objects. Diesel fuel of a weighted fractional composition, the improvement of low-temperature properties of which is carried out by means of its partial dewaxing by centrifugation with the addition of aluminum powder to the fuel. Methods. Initial diesel fuel dewaxing was carried out on a refrigerated centrifuge SL/8R Centrifuge, which provides a rotor rotation speed of up to 9500 rpm in the temperature range from 40 to minus 10°C. At low temperatures, relatively high-melting paraffin components were released as a precipitate in the rotor tubes. The efficiency of the initial diesel fuel dewaxing was evaluated by the dewaxed diesel fuel yield and by its quality indicators – turbidity temperature, refractive index, filterability limit temperature and solidification temperature. The distribution of n-alkanes in the dewaxing products relative to the starting fuel was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Aim. To increase the efficiency of the diesel fuel dewaxing by centrifugation with the addition of aluminum powder to the raw material as a paraffin weighting agent. Results and conclusions. The authors have determined the optimal parameters of diesel dewaxing to ensure the production of summer diesel fuel of the "C" brand corresponding to EN 590. The maximum yield of dewaxed diesel fuel at optimal process parameters reaches 78.6 wt %. Dewaxed diesel fuel has a turbidity temperature of minus 5°C, its maximum filterability temperature is minus 6°C and the solidification temperature is minus 15°C.
Qualitative characteristics and color causes of dolomite type nephrite, Voimakan deposit, Meadle‐Vitim mountain country
Authors: Kislov Evgeny V. , Goncharuk Irina S. , Nikolaev Anatoly G. , Vagizov Farit G. , Vanteev Vladislav V. , Khasanova Nailia M.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Nephrite is a highly valuable but insufficiently researched gemstone. The article is devoted to the previously unexplored Voimakan deposit of apodolomite nephrite, the main attention is paid to the causes of nephrite coloring, which remain controversial in relation to this stone in general. Aim. To determine the quality characteristics of the Voimakan deposit nephrite and the causes of its color. Methods. An organoleptic method using binoculars, a gemological flashlight and a magnifying glass of 20x magnification. Silicate and ICP-MS analyses were performed, colorimetric parameters were determined, optical absorption spectroscopy was applied, and Mossbauer measurements were carried out. Results. Greenish-white, light green, grayish-green and brown nephrite forms segregations in calcite-tremolite skarn bodies at the contact of dolomite marble and amphibolite transformed into epidote-tremolite skarn. The optical absorption spectra of nephrite are characterized by a wide low-intensity absorption band in the visible region in the region of 650–670 nm, associated with the charge transfer mechanism Fe2+VI→Fe3+VI in neighboring octahedral positions. Conclusions. Nephrite meets the requirements for gemstone raw materials. Diopsidite with nephrite lenses and interlayers can be used for carving multicolored products or inlays. Iron in nephrite is found in the form of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions in various positions in the structure of the mineral, namely 58,4% Fe2+ is located in octahedral positions M1–M3, 30,9% Fe2+ is located in the position of octal coordination M4, 8,4% Fe3+ is located in octahedral positions M1–M3. These data are consistent with the bands in the optical absorption spectra, which creates the coloration in the studied nephrites. Electronic paramagnetic resonance and luminescent spectroscopy have shown that Mn2+ ions are located in two nonequivalent positions. The degree of green shade of nephrite increases with growth in Fe2+ content. The brown color of nephrite is determined by Fe3+ in the tremolite structure.
Quinoline impact on composition, structure and aggregative stability of asphaltenes from heavy oil of different chemical types
Authors: Korneev Dmitry S. , Savchenko Alina S. , Butyrin Roman I. , Kulkov Mikhail G. , Pevneva Galina S.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The need to establish the true mechanisms of the formation of supramolecular structures in petroleum dispersed systems. It is important to identify the role of individual functional groups in asphaltene aggregation. This will help develop effective ways to prevent sediment formation in process equipment during production, transportation and processing of heavy oils. Aim. To study the effect of quinoline on the composition, structure and aggregative stability of asphaltenes from heavy oils of various chemical types. Objects. Heavy oils from the Zyuzeevskoe field and the Usinskoe field; model petroleum systems with a basic nitrogen content of 1,0 to 3,0 wt %; asphaltenes of the original and model petroleum systems. Methods. Liquid adsorption chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, potentiometric titration, elemental analysis, cryoscopy in naphthalene, 1H NMR spectroscopy, structural group analysis, spectrophotometry. Results. With an increase in Nbas concentration in an petroleum system to 3 wt %, the content of asphaltenes decreases regardless of the type of petroleum system. It has been established that quinoline is actively involved in the formation of supramolecular structures of naphthenic type oil. With an increase in the Nbas content in the naphthenic petroleum system to 3 wt % the molecular weight of asphaltenes increases 1,5 times with a 2-fold increase in the proportion of basic nitrogen in their composition. This is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of naphthenoaromatic structure in the average asphaltene molecule. The structure of asphaltenes isolated from model methane-type petroleum systems, on the contrary, is enriched in alkyl fragments. It wasn established that the presence of quinoline in asphaltenes of heavy oils as a coprecipitated component significantly reduces their aggregative stability. With an increase in the molecular weight of asphaltenes in naphthenic petroleum systems to 2000 amu. and the proportion of basic nitrogen up to 2,69 wt % the rate of their aggregation before precipitation is reduced by 5–6 times. The aggregative stability of methane oil asphaltenes decreases when Nbas content in their composition is higher than 1,9 wt % and does not depend directly on their molecular weight.
Eco-economically effective method of fluorangydrite utilization
Authors: Fedorchuk Yuri M. , Leonova Lilia A. , Solodov Egor V. , Guba Elina A.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. At this moment, one of the types of ecological disadvantage is the presence of sulphate-calcium waste in hydrogen fluoride production, referred to in scientific and technical literature as fluorangydrite, which pollutes the environment in places where the production facilities are located not only in the Russian Federation, but also in other countries. The use of fluorangydrite, a solid waste of the above-mentioned production, as a raw material for construction products will not only reduce the negative impact on the environment, but also occupy a new niche of the market of construction products, obtaining economic profit. Earlier the employees of Tomsk Polytechnic University developed several directions of fluorangydrite application in construction industry with different profitability coefficients. Aim. Development of variants of obtaining highly profitable resource-saving construction products on the basis of technogenic anhydrite binder, which is an alternative to natural mineral – anhydrite, in the form of building products such as channel and floor screed. Results and conclusions. The paper introduces the information on safety of this type of building products based on the results of radiological study of technogenic anhydrite from Siberian chemical plant. The authors have revealed the grinding intensity impact on fluorangydrite neutralization time. They determined the compositions of components of new building products, some their properties, including those depending on the ratio of water and gravel screening, as well as on the time of mixing the mortar, the dependence of strength and water resistance of anhydrite building samples on the content of water and gravel screening.
Heat treatment impact on structural-rheological properties of high-parafin oil
Authors: Yudina Natalia V. , Loskutova Yulia V. , Chekantseva Lilia V.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The pipeline transportation of heavy oils from the extraction site to the processing point is associated with serious problems due to their high viscosity and pour point. Oil deposits form quickly during pumping and causing flow reduction in pipe. Moreover, the increased content of hydrogen sulfide and chloride salts leads to increased rate of corrosion. Structural and mechanical properties and the yield point of highly pourable paraffinic oils depend on a variety of factors, like oil thermostatting temperature. Studying the impact of the heat treatment temperature of highly paraffinic resinous oil on its mobility will allow reducing energy consumption and optimizing the technology of oil pumping and transporting in winter conditions. Aim. To identify the critical temperature ranges for heat treatment of highly paraffinic resinous oil from the Yuzhno-Mayskoe field based on the analysis of data on structural and rheological behaviors, composition of oil sediments and changes in the radii of oil aggregates formed in the studied oil under various heat treatment conditions. Methods. Oil rheological properties were determined using a HAAKE Viscotester iQ rotational viscometer with HAAKE RheoWin measuring device and control system; oil pour point was analyzed using “Kristall” low-temperature indicator of petroleum products meter; asphaltenes were isolated using the “cold” Golde method; oil composition was determined by column liquid adsorption chromatography; oil particle size was recorded by a Photocor Complex spectrometer for dynamic and static light scattering with DynaLS data processing program. Results. The authors have studied heat treatment temperature impact on the viscosity-temperature and energy characteristics of highly paraffinic tarry oil, formation and composition of asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits. They established that the critical temperature of heat treatment is 40°C. At this temperature the densest crystallization structure is formed in the studied oil, characterized by high values of both viscosity, intensive formation of sediment, activation energy of viscous flow and internal energy of destruction of the dispersed structure. It was shown that with photon correlation spectroscopy, during oil heat treatment at 40°C, a spontaneous size increase of oil aggregates occurs in the temperature range of 35–25°C.
Growth, Yield and Quality of Groundnut as Influenced by Organic Nutrient Sources in Groundnut-Finger Millet Cropping Sequence
Authors: Araganji Santosh , Boraiah B. , Saniga N.S. , . Kushal
Published: December 2024

Background: Groundnut based cropping system are prime importance in global oilseed production. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of groundnut in groundnut-finger millet cropping sequence under organic nutrient management condition. Methods: A field experiment entitled Growth, yield and quality of groundnut as influenced by organic nutrient sources in groundnut - finger millet cropping sequence was conducted at the Research Institute on Organic Farming (RIOF), University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka during summer season of 2022-23 and 2023-24 by employing randomized complete block design experiment with eight treatments replicated thrice. The study evaluated the effect of different organic inputs, including vermicompost, farmyard manure, urban compost, poultry manure, deoiled cake, bio digester liquid organic manure and integrated nutrient management with50% FYM + 25% vermicompost + 25% bio digester liquid organic manure on growth, yield and quality attributes of groundnut in groundnut-finger millet cropping sequence. Result: The results of the experiment revealed that the application of 100% nitrogen equivalent through poultry manure resulted in significantly higher growth, yield and quality parameters of groundnut in groundnut-finger millet cropping sequence.
Z KUŞAĞININ SİYASAL KATILIMININ OY VERME DAVRANIŞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN TESİPİTİ
Authors: İlhan Özlem , Akkılıç Mehmet Emin
Published: December 2024

Siyasal katılım son dönemlerin politika araştırmalarında ve politik pazarlama çalışmalarında sıklıkla kendine yer bulan bir kavram olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Siyasal katılımın, sadece oy verme davranışı değil seçmenlerin kendilerine yakın hissettiği parti ya da adayı desteklemesi ve etkilemesi veya siyasete ilgi duyması olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Nitekim yaşanılan yüzyılda siyasal katılım kavramı da teknolojik gelişmeler ile dönüşüme uğramıştır. Z kuşağının siyasal eğilimleri, siyasete olan ilgileri ve katılım düzeyleri de oldukça merak edilen konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bakımdan yapılan bu araştırma ile Z kuşağının gözünden siyasal katılım düzeylerinin oy verme davranışı üzerindeki etkisi ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi 2000 yılı ve sonrasında doğan ve Z kuşağı olarak adlandırılan 335 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kota örnekleme kullanılarak anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ortaya konan Z kuşağının siyasal katılımı ile oy verme davranışı arasındaki pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki, bu kuşağın siyasal süreçlere katılımının oy verme davranışlarını da olumlu şekilde etkilediğini göstermektedir.
Design e meliponicultura: experiências acadêmicas em sustentabilidade na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Authors: Mol Andre , Silva Juan de Lima Costa e , Paula Iago Augusto Campos , Sampaio Eduardo Schmitt , Veiga Gabriel Pereira
Published: December 2024

This paper reports on academic practices related to meliponiculture conducted in the Bachelor of Design program at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in 2023, focusing on the integration of design and sustainability. The methodology includes a structured account in three stages: (i) the development of beehives in the Product Practice I and II courses for the UFJF Botanical Garden’s meliponary; (ii) the creation of the visual identity and signage for the "Honey Trail," an environmental education project; and (iii) the organization of a sustainability fair in the Graphic Practice I course, in which meliponiculture was among the topics addressed. The report is supplemented by interviews with involved faculty and students. Results highlight the positive impact on the visibility of meliponiculture and an enhanced perception of the benefits of design interaction within the academic community.
The Middle Class in Modern Russia: Has the Theoretical Construction Become a Reality?
Authors: Belyaeva Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

The article examines three perspectives of studying the middle class in modern Russia. The first perspective is presented as a brief excursion into the history of the development of middle class studies in the post-Soviet period. The second perspective is devoted to the consideration of methodological issues of studying the middle class, the criteria for its identification in the social structure of Russian society and the definition on this basis of the quantitative characteristics of the middle class. The third perspective is presented by the results of the analysis of the middle class in accordance with the author's methodology of its identification by three criteria - material standard of living, education and self-identification with the middle class. The methodology is applied to the analysis of the middle class using data from the all-Russian monitoring conducted by the Center for the Study of Sociocultural Changes of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1990 to the present day. It allows us to trace the dynamics of the middle class in the post-Soviet period, its composition by professional characteristics, by areas of employment, by strategies in labour activity and other aspects. The latest wave of monitoring (summer 2023) focused on the population's attitude to the choice of the path the country should take and the respondent's self-identification with a particular model of Russia's development. The middle class in its majority (67%) chose a special Russian path of development for the country and for themselves personally, practically rejecting the path followed by Western societies, developed Muslim countries and China. At the same time, in second place (30%) we find the opinion that Russia should use all the best experience of other countries. At the same time, respondents declared themselves to be supporters of democratic forms of government, insist on the observance of human rights and freedoms, primarily in the economic and social spheres, as the closest to the everyday interests of people. The results of the study concluded that the majority of Russians, and especially the middle class, understand the original path for Russia as the path of a sovereign state based on traditional and humanitarian values, and does not at all mean a desire to live in a traditional society that has lost many of its features under the influence of decades of modernisation.
Objective and Subjective Poverty in Russia: What the Last 20 Years Have Brought
Authors: Belopashentseva Polina , Slobodenyuk Ekaterina , Mareeva Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The presented article is devoted to changes in the scale and qualitative characteristics of objective and subjective poverty in Russian society over the past 20 years. Based on the data of all-Russian empirical studies conducted by the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2003, 2013 and 2023, the dynamics of the number of objectively and subjectively poor Russians, the areas of intersection of these groups, their living conditions, their perception of their situation and ideas about the future of the country are traced. The obtained results indicate a noticeable reduction in both objective poverty (by income level) and subjective poverty (by self-assessment of their financial situation) among Russians over the past 20 years, which mainly occurred in the first half of this period. The reduction in the shares of objective and subjective poverty was accompanied by their divergence. As a result, an ever smaller share of Russians find themselves in the poverty zone simultaneously in both of these dimensions, and the portraits and characteristics of these groups differ increasingly. The objectively poor differ less in their assessments of their situation and opportunities in various spheres from the population as a whole, which indicates, on the one hand, the relatively shallow nature of income poverty, and on the other, the modest standard of living of the “typical Russian”. The subjectively poor are characterised by more noticeable differences from the population as a whole, in particular, negative assessments of many spheres of their lives. A similar situation is observed with the socio-psychological well-being of representatives of these groups: although over the past 20 years it has improved both among the poor by income and among the poor by self-assessment, positive changes in the first group occurred faster. As a result, the poor by self-assessment are characterised by a higher level of pessimism and anxiety compared to other Russians. In terms of assessments of Russia's development path, both objectively and subjectively the poor differ little from other Russians, demonstrating a public consensus: the population believes in a bright future for the country, but on the condition that it follows a special path that allows for social stability. Finally, it is important to note that the subjectively poor cannot be reduced to pensioners: the data confirm that this group is heterogeneous in its composition, which determines the absence of a clear portrait and the impossibility of identifying it as a "single addressee" of socio-economic policy.
Improving the energy efficiency of electric braking on high-speed DC lines
Authors: Valinskiy Oleg , Marikin Aleksandr , Kalinin Nikolay
Published: December 2024

Purpose: analysis of the energy efficiency of electric braking, consideration of braking modes implemented by high-speed rolling stock, analysis of electric braking. Methods: an integrated approach to the problem of energy efficiency of braking modes of high-speed rolling stock is used, focused on the practical significance and economic feasibility of the results. Results: the efficiency of electric braking of highspeed rolling stock is designated, the use of electric braking in the operation of high-speed rolling stock is assessed, types of electric braking are considered, the energy efficiency of regenerative braking in the operation of a high-speed train is analyzed, the coefficient of return of electrical energy is considered. Practical significance: this article will allow to revise the existing assessment of energy consumption of high-speed trains, will allow to assess the efficiency of using regenerative braking in a single system of high-speed train movement.
Provision of electric power accessibility in the Nasiriyah and Basra region (Southern Iraq) due to the traction power supply system of the high-speed railway
Authors: Alsultan Mohammed , Shevlyugin Maxim
Published: December 2024

Purpose: the non-traction power supply system represents an innovative approach to providing electricity for rail transport. It is based on the use of wires installed above the rails to transfer electricity to trains. This method has a number of advantages that can be especially valuable in the conditions of Southern Iraq The article describes various strategies aimed at ensuring the availability of electricity in the Nasiriyah and Basra regions located in the southern part of Iraq by using a non-traction power supply system designed specifically for high-speed rail. In addition to describing the technical aspects of the aforementioned system, the document also examines its implications in terms of meeting the energy needs of the region. By analyzing the technical aspects and assessing the consequences, this article contributes to the discussion on the implementation of a non-traction power supply system in the region and sheds light on its potential to solve the urgent problem of electricity availability in the Nasiriyah and Basra regions. Methods: for the successful implementation of the power supply project, the researchers applied a modeling system created using the ETAR program. This powerful tool provides the ability to determine the values of the electric load consumed by electric trains and non-traction loads and simulate the operation of the entire electrical infrastructure with high accuracy. The results of the study provide valuable information about complex and standardized AC systems, as well as network load calculation systems for traction and non-traction distribution wires. Parctical importance: research makes it possible to optimize the operation of the system, providing highly efficient processing of electricity.
Forecasting of soil moisture of the roadbed of automobile roads in foothill and mountainous areas on the territory of Southwestern Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Karimov E.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to substantiate the prediction of the moisture content of the roadbed, taking into account the peculiarities of climatic conditions in the territory of southwestern Kyrgyzstan. Southwestern Kyrgyzstan (Southwestern Kyrgyzstan), one of the four climatic provinces of Kyrgyzstan. The main source of soil moisture is precipitation. Precipitation is very variable in time and space in the study area, and therefore the identification of their altitude dependencies in the mountains is a difficult task with an insufficient amount of initial data, which is directly affected by moisture accumulation of the roadbed. All engineering measures to regulate the water-thermal regime are based on limiting the water-thermal regime, as well as limiting the access of moisture to the roadbed, and proper planning of these measures is carried out only if the sources of humidification of the area are carefully established. Methods: forecasting the moisture content of the soil of the roadbed with a sufficient degree of reliability allows you to predict the spring or autumn moisture content of the soil of the roadbed using a mathematically justified analysis of weather and climatic factors of the foothill and mountainous zone. Results: the task of this work is to develop a methodology for predicting the moisture content of clay soils of the roadbed of the 1st type of terrain, taking into account the nature and degree of humidification of foothill and mountainous terrain for the territory of southwestern Kyrgyzstan. Practical significance: this technique is used in the design, as well as during the operation of the pavement on the territory of southwestern Kyrgyzstan with a sufficient degree of reliability to predict the spring or autumn moisture content of the soil of the roadbed using a mathematically based analysis of weather and climatic factors. An analysis of direct observations of soil humidity and temperature was carried out, during which it was shown that humidity and Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (GTC) are related by a regression equation. As a result, equations were obtained for calculating the relative humidity of the soil in the foothill and mountainous road-climatic regions of southwestern Kyrgyzstan.
Redistribution of traffic flows between railway lines of different categories: problem statement and genetic algorithms
Authors: Kovalev Konstantin E , Novichihin Alexey
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to improve the efficiency of the railway transport network using the carrying capacity of lowintensity transit railway lines. Methods: methods of control theory, transport process theory, system analysis, synthesis and genetic algorithms were applied. Results: The toolkit for redistributing traffic flows between low-intensity lines and lines of other categories using genetic algorithms was improved. Practical significance: the proposed toolkit allows determining the priority of passing freight trains between railway lines of different categories, including low-intensity ones, in order to reduce delays in the movement of freight flows