bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility analysis for time-lapse seafloor gravity monitoring of producing gas fields in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, offshore Australia
Authors: Young Wendy May , Lumley David
Published: March 2015

Highly accurate seafloor gravity data can detect small density changes in subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs by precisely repositioning the gravimeters on the seafloor. In producing gas fields, these small density changes are primarily caused by production-related changes to the pressure and gas/fluid saturations in the reservoir pore space. Knowledge of the pressure and saturation changes is vital to optimize the gas recovery, especially in offshore environments in which wells are expensive and sparse. We assessed the feasibility of time-lapse seafloor gravity monitoring for the giant gas fields in Australia’s premier hydrocarbon province, the Northern Carnarvon Basin. We determined that gravity monitoring is more feasible for reservoirs with a large areal extent and/or shallow burial depths, with high porosities and high net-to-gross sand ratios. Forward modeling of the gravity responses using simple equivalent geometry shapes and full 3D complex heterogeneous models predicted that density changes in several of these producing gas reservoirs will result in readily detectable gravity signals ([Formula: see text]) within just a year or so of gas production. In a pure water-drive production regime, this gravity response equated to a fieldwide change in the gas-water contact height of approximately 2–3 m, or in a pure depletion-drive regime, a pressure decline equated to approximately 3–4 MPa (435–580 psi). We assessed the feasibility of time-lapse seafloor gravity monitoring for producing gas reservoirs that is flexible and practical, and it may be useful for a wide range of subsurface fluid-flow monitoring applications.
Marcellus fracture characterization using P-wave azimuthal velocity attributes: Comparison with production and outcrop data
Authors: Inks Tanya L. , Engelder Terry , Jenner Edward , Golob Bruce , Hocum Jacki S. , O’Brien Darien G.
Published: March 2015

Analysis of two 3D surveys, available well data, published outcrop data and subsurface information, as well as production data available from the state of Pennsylvania, demonstrates that wide-azimuth seismic is sensitive to variations in fracturing at the scale of individual pads or even individual wells. These variations in fracturing begin to explain why production varies significantly, even locally, within the Marcellus Shale gas play. Rose diagrams from quantitative fracture analysis using azimuthal seismic velocity volumes were compared with published data from Appalachian black shale outcrops and subsurface fracture models proposed in various papers to validate the results from subsurface data. These analyses provided insight into the rock fabric and the presence of systematic joints that likely affect production. There was a strong correlation between the low anisotropy and low heterogeneity of anisotropy and high estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Additionally, interpreted fracture trend azimuths differed between areas of larger gas EUR and areas of smaller gas EUR as defined by decline curve analysis. Some perforations were likely to perform much better than others along the borehole, based on observed heterogeneity in the seismic profiles and map view.
Recent progress in analysis of seismically thin beds
Authors: Zeng Hongliu , Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: March 2015

Various approaches exist for quantitative or qualitative predictions of seismically thin beds and their physical properties. The evolving definition of thin beds, the use of seismic attributes indicative of thin beds, thin-bed imaging on geologic-time surfaces, and thin-bed thickness estimation represent some of the most active aspects of the research and application. We reviewed some theoretical and technological developments in thin-bed analysis over recent decades. We also reviewed the data processing steps that affect seismic resolution and thin-bed evaluation.
Responses of a Tall Building with U.S. Code-Type Instrumentation in Tokyo, Japan, to Events before, during, and after the Tohoku Earthquake of 11 March 2011
Authors: Çelebi Mehmet , Kashima Toshihide , Ghahari S. Farid , Abazarsa Fariba , Taciroglu Ertugrul
Published: March 2015

The 11 March 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake generated long-duration shaking that propagated hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter and affected tall buildings in urban areas several hundred kilometers from the epicenter of the main shock. Recorded responses show that tall buildings were affected by long-period motions. This study presents the behavior and performance of a 37-story building in the Tsukuda area of Tokyo, Japan, as inferred from modal analyses of records retrieved for a time interval covering a few days before, during, and for several months after the main shock. The U.S. “code-type” array comprises three triaxial accelerometers deployed at three levels in the superstructure. Such a sparse array in a tall structure limits a reliable assessment, because its performance must be based on only the average drift ratios. Based on the inferred values of this parameter, the subject building was not structurally damaged.
Dynamic visualization of transcription and RNA subcellular localization in zebrafish
Authors: Campbell Philip D. , Chao Jeffrey A. , Singer Robert H. , Marlow Florence L.
Published: March 2015

Live imaging of transcription and RNA dynamics has been successful in cultured cells and tissues of vertebrates but is challenging to accomplish in vivo. The zebrafish offers important advantages to study these processes – optical transparency during embryogenesis, genetic tractability and rapid development. Therefore, to study transcription and RNA dynamics in an intact vertebrate organism, we have adapted the MS2 RNA-labeling system to zebrafish. By using this binary system to coexpress a fluorescent MS2 bacteriophage coat protein (MCP) and an RNA of interest tagged with multiple copies of the RNA hairpin MS2-binding site (MBS), live-cell imaging of RNA dynamics at single RNA molecule resolution has been achieved in other organisms. Here, using a Gateway-compatible MS2 labeling system, we generated stable transgenic zebrafish lines expressing MCP, validated the MBS-MCP interaction and applied the system to investigate zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and RNA localization in primordial germ cells (PGCs) in zebrafish. Although cleavage stage cells are initially transcriptionally silent, we detect transcription of MS2-tagged transcripts driven by the βactin promoter at ∼3-3.5 h post-fertilization, consistent with the previously reported ZGA. Furthermore, we show that MS2-tagged nanos3 3′UTR transcripts localize to PGCs, where they are diffusely cytoplasmic and within larger cytoplasmic accumulations reminiscent of those displayed by endogenous nanos3. These tools provide a new avenue for live-cell imaging of RNA molecules in an intact vertebrate. Together with new techniques for targeted genome editing, this system will be a valuable tool to tag and study the dynamics of endogenous RNAs during zebrafish developmental processes.
Retinoic acid signaling regulates development of the dorsal forebrain midline and the choroid plexus in the chick
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Sen Jonaki
Published: March 2015

The developing forebrain roof plate (RP) contains a transient signaling center, perturbations in which have been linked to holoprosencephaly (HPE). Here, we describe a novel domain of retinoic acid (RA) signaling that is specific to the chick RP and demonstrate that RA signaling is sufficient for inducing characteristics of the RP in ectopic locations. We further demonstrate that, unlike what has been observed in the mouse, RA signaling is essential for invagination of the RP in chick, failure of which leads to an HPE-like phenotype. In addition, we found that RA exerts a negative influence on choroid plexus differentiation. Thus, our findings identify RA as a novel regulator of chick forebrain RP development.
Représentations de Constantinople après la chute. Prolongements idéologiques
Authors: Drakopoulou Eugénie
Published: March 2015

L'image de Constantinople, liée à son mythe et au mythe du dernier empereur, apparaît après la chute de la ville, dans l'iconographie tant occidentale qu'orthodoxe, sur des icônes portatives, des manuscrits et des fresques dans les églises et les demeures patriciennes.

L'événement même de la prise de la ville, en tant que représentation indépendante ou incorporée à des cycles iconographiques existants, est représenté plusieurs fois, entre les premières années après la chute et le XIXe siècle, dans la peinture de l'Occident et de l'Orient orthodoxe. L'image de la ville de Constantinople, dans les années suivant sa chute, devient symbole de la supériorité et de la victoire du christianisme, symbole d'opulence, de prospérité et de vie cosmopolite, symbole de la libération de l'hellénisme asservi, mais aussi de la coexistence des mondes orthodoxe et musulman.

Dans ce travail, nous avons voulu repérer les différents messages, ethno-culturels, politiques et religieux dont sont chargées, selon les époques et les besoins, les représentations de Constantinople dans la peinture après sa prise par les Turcs.

 
On Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship of the Olive-oil Economy in the Aegean: The Case of Lesvos Island
Authors: Sifneos Evridiki
Published: March 2015

This article summarizes the conclusions of a study on entrepreneurial activities related to the cycle of the olive-oil economy in Lesvos, an island in the North-Eastern Aegean, from the eighteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century. It is based on research and observations drawn from a multiform primary material, such as companies' records, communal and family archives, consular and administrative reports, as well as secondary sources which allow comparisons with other oleiferous regions and connect the economy of Lesvos to the broader Aegean and Mediterranean environment.

It points out that the single cultivation phenomenon, though associated to the economy of risk, obeyed to the market's command and was prepared by the abolition of the governor's monopoly on the oil trading and the consequent opening of the market. This enabled the Christian ottoman subjects to develop the administration of intensive olive growing, mechanized oil extraction and trade expansion. Olive oil and soap were the two basic commodities of the island's export revenues that were commercialised, despite their low quality, into a wide range of port and island markets of the Asia Minor coast, the Aegean islands and the Black Sea. Moreover, the article explores the type of commercial and industrial enterprises and the characteristics of the olive-cycle entrepreneurs. It concludes with the commercial crisis suffered from the major political and economic changes of the twentieth century and the consequent reorientation of Lesvos' businessmen towards Crete and Piraeus, the olive manufacturing centres of the Neohellenic state.
An Introduction to Greek Economic History, Fifteenth to Nineteenth Centuries: Fields of Observation and Methodological Issues
Authors: Asdrachas Spyros I.
Published: March 2015

No Abstracts
Greek Auditors in the Courses of Jean Lamarck
Authors: Asdrachas Spyros I. , Krimbas Costas B.
Published: March 2015

In the records of Lamarck's audiences, six students of Greek origin could be identified as attending his lectures between 1804-1827. In the catalogue published by Pietro Corsi four of them are listed as Greeks and two as Romanians. All have been properly identified. The Greeks were I. Kokkonis, S. Kanellos, D. Nitsos and D. Taillapierras, while the Romanians were two Greek physicians residing in Romania, I. K. Bouboukis and Th. Georgiades. It is worth noting that after their return to their home country none of them wrote on or advertised Lamarck's doctrines on species transformation.
In Memoriam: A Tribute to A.-F. Christidis
Authors: Pesmagoglou Stephanos
Published: March 2015

No Abstracts
Nation and Language: The Balkan Solutions
Authors: Christidis A.-F.
Published: March 2015

No Abstracts
Ilija Garasanin: Nacertanije and Nationalism
Authors: Manetovic Edislav
Published: March 2015

This paper analyses the national thought and policies of Ilija Garasanin. Garasanin was the first to write a Serbian national programme, Nacertanije, that envisioned an independent Serbian state. His ideas and policies remain highly controversial. While some scholars argue that Garasanin was an inclusive Yugoslavist, others maintain that he was an exclusive Serbian nationalist seeking a Greater Serbia. Both arguments assume that the South Slav nations are pre-modern social phenomena. In contrast, this paper suggests that a modernist perspective of nations and nationalism provides a far more coherent and nuanced interpretation of Garasanin. Garasanin was a Serbian, not a Yugoslav, nationalist. But his nationalism was inclusive not exclusive. Inclusion was a precondition for social stability of the large state he wanted to forge. Garasanin was also illiberal. Establishing a state in a predatory inter-state environment required suppressing individual liberties. Insecurity caused by a Hobbesian world political system structured the content of Garasanin's nationalism.
The Topography of the Athenian Plain under Ottoman Rule (1456-1821)
Authors: Pallis Georgios
Published: March 2015

Τhe settlements that developed in the Athenian plain under Ottoman rule are the subject of the following paper. According to the written sources and the surviving monuments, 25 villages and 14 monasteries were spread throughout the area. After a remarkable period of prosperity in the sixteenth century, most of them fell into a continuous state of decline, until the end of the Ottoman era. The history and the organisation of these settlements, the road network that connected them and domestic and church architecture are put under investigation, in order to reconstruct as much as possible the map and the picture of the area during this long period.

 
Greek-Romanian Symbiotic Patterns in the Early Modern Period: History, Mentalities, Institutions - II
Authors: Panou Nikos
Published: March 2015

This is the second part of a larger study seeking to contribute to a better understanding of the sustained process of religious, socio-political and cultural contact between Greek and Romanian ethnic groups in the early modern period. The two sections published here bring forward and discuss little-known and yet important evidence covering the first two post-Byzantine centuries and are intended to elaborate, supplement or contextualise the materials presented in the first part (which appeared in the previous volume of this journal). Not accidentally, this article ends with an unavoidable reference to the very text that ignited our exploration into the historical landscape of the pre-modern Balkans, a short but striking passage from Matthew of Myra's early seventeenth-century chronicle known as History of Wallachia. Indeed, Matthew's testimony stands out as one of the first conscious attempts to account for the uneasy, but also prolific, dynamic and multi-layered, relationship between the two peoples. It has been the aim of this paper to illustrate the basic patterns of that intricate, as much as intriguing, relationship as it was being shaped in the aftermath of the Byzantine Commonwealth's absorption into the challenging world of the Ottoman Turks.

 

 
Using Natural Sciences for Cultural Expansion: The National Socialist Agenda for the Balkans
Authors: Zarifi Maria
Published: March 2015

This article highlights the political merit natural sciences were awarded under the totalitarian regime of Nazi Germany and their propagandistic role in Hitler's foreign policy agenda for the Balkans, a region which was expected to replace Germany's colonies lost in World War I. It accounts further for the policies and strategies National Socialists used to exert cultural influence on the countries of South-East Europe, namely through a number of institutions with which natural sciences were in one way or another involved in order to promote German culture abroad. The promotion of the German language and, to a certain degree, the Nazi ideology was a precondition for familiarising the Balkan countries with German scientific achievements, which would pave the way for an economic and political infiltration in that region. Therefore, natural sciences, as part of the German intellect, acquired political and economic connotations hidden behind the euphemistic term of cultural policy, designed for this region of geopolitical importance. The article is based almost exclusively on unpublished German records.

 

 
Brunehilde Imhaus (éd.), Lacrimae Cypriae
Authors: Richard Jean
Published: March 2015

No abstract
The Itineraries of the Orthodox Painters in the Eighteenth Century: The Common Aesthetics in South-East Europe
Authors: Drakopoulou Eugenia
Published: March 2015

During the eighteenth century, the aesthetic preferences of the Orthodox Christian population in the Balkans continued to depend upon the tradition of Byzantine art, which had been the case throughout the period following the Fall of Constantinople. The painters were scattered all over the Balkans, where the Orthodox population had been accustomed since previous centuries to the tastes emanating from Byzantine artistic tradition. The Patriarchate of Constantinople and Mount Athos played a crucial role, on account of their religious and political status, in the movements of Orthodox painters, whose missions and apprenticeships they regulated to a considerable degree. The great number of paintings, the observation of the itineraries of Orthodox painters throughout the Balkan area of the Ottoman Empire and the shared aesthetic of these works supply evidence of the development of a common painting language among the Orthodox population of South-East Europe during the eighteenth century, just before the formation of the nation-states.
Reassessing Wheat Crises in Eighteenth-century Thessaloniki
Authors: Gounaris Basil C.
Published: March 2015

Wheat crises and local riots in eighteenth-century Thessaloniki are not unknown to scholars. However, all the relative conclusions are based mostly on Svoronos' and Iliadou's indexes rather than on additional research of primary sources. Therefore, much space has been given to speculation and various issues have been left without proper examination. This paper seeks to explore, through the study of the French consular correspondence, if there was a common pattern in all wheat crises; why did not all crises develop into open revolts; and, who were the basic participants in the making and management of the crises. It asserts that the development of wheat shortages into popular riots was the outcome of local commercial interests and calculated petty politics, not of famine.
Un représentant d'États européens dans l'arriète-pays ottoman. Le cas de Sponty à Serrès (fin XVIIIe-début XIXe siècle)
Authors: Koutzakiotis Georges
Published: March 2015

La domination des commerçants chrétiens orthodoxes, dans l'arrière-pays balkanique de l'Empire ottoman, et celle des Européens, dans les Échelles du Levant, pendant le XVIIIe siècle, sont aujourd'hui bien connues. Cependant, les Européens essayèrent, déjà depuis le même siècle, d'étendre leur rayon d'action à l'intérieur de l'Empire, en établissant des sujets non-ottomans comme agents commerciaux et consulaires et en écartant ainsi les intermédiaires autochtones. Un de ces premiers essais, plus exactement de la part de l'Autriche et de la France, eut lieu à Serrès, centre économique important des Balkans grâce au commerce du coton. Michel Sponty, protégé (beratlı) de la France d'origine vénitienne, fut le seul de ces agents commerciaux et consulaires qui réussit finalement à s'enraciner dans la société de Serrès, en renonçant pourtant à son identité franco-levantine et en adoptant celle des commerçants dominants, c'est-à-dire l'identité du chrétien orthodoxe.
Transgressions des frontières maritimes. Le cas des îlots du Dodécanèse
Authors: Olympitou Evdokia
Published: March 2015

Dans ce texte on constate que les îlots de la Mer Égée, qui se trouvent à petite distance des îles peuplées, constituaient une aide complémentaire pour les habitants des îles voisines car ils leur offraient quelques arpents de terre de plus, pour la culture ou l'élevage, et quelques milles anglais de côtes pour la pêche. Sur ces petits bouts de terre, l'habitat n'a jamais eu de caractéristiques permanentes qui auraient pu entraîner la formation de localités durables. Pour surpasser la frontière maritime on demandait des savoir-faire et des moyens de navigation que même les sociétés insulaires qui n'ont jamais exploité la mer pour leur survie, c'est-à-dire celles des agriculteurs et des éleveurs qui ne voyageaient pas et qui n'étaient pas familiers à la mer, pouvaient cependant acquérir. Étant donné que l'intervention et l'usage humains sont les éléments qui forgent la physionomie de l'espace, la "grande" île peuplée a toujours été le point de référence de chaque îlot. Les îlots "collés" à l'île voisine, comme par exemple Telendos, Alimnia et Saria de Dodécanèse, suivaient le sort de leur voisin, à moins qu'une particularité -comme le cas de l'îlot de Gyali, ne lui ait donné un autre type d'évolution.
Limites intérieures dans l'espace grec au temps de la domination ottomane. L’aspect géographique des administrations politiques et ecclésiastiques.
Authors: Dimitropoulos Dimitris
Published: March 2015

Au cours de la domination ottomane, diverses divisions de l'espace actuellement hellénique ont été appliquées, correspondant aux institutions administratives, fiscales, judiciaires, ecclésiastiques ou autres de l'Empire ottoman, ainsi que des délimitations reflétant les différences du statut de propriété de la terre et de ses usages. Dans le texte qui suit, nous étudions les moyens avec lesquels ces formations institutionnelles délimitaient leur espace, leur résistance au temps, leurs changements, leurs enchevêtrements et les différenciations de ces multiples divisions. Nous démontrons aussi le rôle et les retombées de ces différentes délimitations dans le fonctionnement de l'administration ottomane et dans la formation sociale et la vie économique des régions sous domination ottomane.
Roberto Maestri (ed.), L'arrivo in Monferrato dei Paleologi
Authors: Dourou-Eliopoulou Maria
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Grégoire Zalykis. Face à trois grands philologues francais sur la prononciation du grec (1809-1810)
Authors: Perraky Vivi
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Pour une étude du philhellénisme franco-allemand. Une approche de la question à partir des cas de Karl Benedikt Hase et de Friedrich Thiersch
Authors: Maufroy Sandrine
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Liberty in the Hellenic Nomarchy of 1806
Authors: Eliopoulos Nicholas
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Les "Lettere ateniesi" de Markos Réniéris. Une herméneutique des ruines
Authors: Argyropoulos Roxane D.
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Mark Mazower (ed.), Networks of Power in Modern Greece: Essays in Honour of John Campbell
Authors: Stefanidis Ioannis D.
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Mediterranean Pathways of Greek Merchants to Victorian England
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Mobility, Risk and Adaptability of the Diaspora Merchants: The Case of the Sifneo Frères Family Firm in Taganrog (Russia), Instanbul and Piraeus, 1850-1940
Authors: Sifneos Evridiki
Published: March 2015

No abstract
The Port of Messolonghi: Spatial Allocation and Maritime Expansion in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Papakonstantinou Katerina
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Aikaterini Koumarianou (Athènes, 1916-2012)
Authors: Balta Evangelia , Chatziioannou Maria Christina , Drakopoulou Eugenia , Kallivretakis Leonidas , Tolias George
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Appealing to the Authority of a Learned Patriarch: New Evidence on Gennadios Scholarios’ Responses to the Questions of George Branković
Authors: Paizi-Apostolopoulou Machi
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Sinan Kuneralp (ed.), Ottoman Diplomatic Documents on the Origins of World War One: The Final Stage of the Cretan Question, 1899-1913 / Ottoman Diplomatic Documents on “the Eastern Question”: The Cretan Uprising, 1866-1869
Authors: Randolph Rosie
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Crises and Merchant Networks in the nineteenth century: The Case of German Networks in Lombardy
Authors: Poettinger Monika
Published: March 2015

During the nineteenth century in Continental Europe, merchant networks founded enterprises wherever comparative or absolute advantages related to natural
resources or workers’ capabilities, but also changing economic policies, made it profitable. Incessantly comparing the cost-effectiveness of investments, merchant networks enhanced the efficiency of the entire economic system, but also favoured innovation, introducing technological advancements when feasible and potentially remunerative. At the same time, though, economic crises, more and more dependent on manufacturing and less on agricultural cycles, became manifest and an object of theoretical debate. The paper analyzes how merchant networks envisioned economic crises, if at all, and how the economic decision processes of such organizational structures responded to them. It will be ascertained that, more than sectorial imbalances and insufficient demand, the crisis that merchants really feared was the end of credibility and thus of access to credit. Personal failure could dramatically reduce the level of trust, depriving the merchant system of its functioning principle. The chosen framework of analysis describes the actual economic decision process, on which the distribution of production depended, and its
relation to economic cycles.
The Crisis of the Long 1850s and Regime Change in the Ionian State and the Kingdom of Greece
Authors: Gekas Sakis
Published: March 2015

The overthrow of King Othon in 1862 and the decolonization of the Ionian Islands led to the unification of the Ionian State with the Kingdom of Greece. This article argues that the multifaceted crisis of the long 1850s (1847-1862) created a crisis of legitimacy for both the British Protectorate and the Othonian regime. The change of regime represents a case where an economic, social and political crisis set in motion a process of democratization and not the rise of an authoritarian regime (as in the 1930s). The argument balances socio-economic structuralist factors with the contingency of political action that determined the union of the two states; this regime change was the optimal and favoured solution and the way out of the legitimacy crisis for all actors involved.
L’économie agricole grecque face à la longue crise de la première globalisation
Authors: Petmezas Socrate D.
Published: March 2015

Cette étude traite de la particularité du cas grec au cours de la Grande Dépression (circa 1872-1896). La Grèce, pays agricole, fut protégée par deux facteurs conjoncturels: la destruction imprévue du vignoble français par le phylloxéra et la hausse de la demande en raisin. Dans le même temps, le prix des céréales importées baissait et le bilan commercial du pays s’améliorait. En revanche (et à l’encontre des autres économies européennes), la Grèce devait connaître une grave crise du raisin au début de la relance de l’économie mondiale.
Rebuilding the Future: C. A. Doxiadis and the Greek Reconstruction Effort (1945-1950)
Authors: Kakridis Andreas
Published: March 2015

The importance of ideas – and the individuals propagating them – is enhanced at times of crisis. When existing arrangements are challenged, new ideas help reconfigure group interests and alliances, forge new institutions and plan the future. This paper looks at one such set of ideas, born in response to the crisis facing Greece’s post-war economy: the views of Constantinos Doxiadis, an architect, senior civil servant and policy-maker active in Greece’s recovery programme. Drawing on policy documents, publications and memoranda, the paper sketches the values, intellectual influences and methods underpinning Doxiadis’ views on reconstruction. This casts light on the origins of his later proposals for a science of ekistics, whilst also undermining the conventional notion that left-wing theorists were alone in advancing progressive views of Greek development before 1947. In fact, Doxiadis’ vision seeks to transcend the Right–Left divide by presenting economic progress as an apolitical, scientific process, which would render ideology irrelevant. Such views owe much to the intellectual tradition of interwar technocracy and played a key role in shaping the concept of economic development after 1945.
Watchtowers, Mastic Contraband and Rural Communities in the Aegean Archipelago under Ottoman Sovereignty
Authors: Ierapetritis Dimitrios G.
Published: March 2015

The construction of watchtowers on the islands of the Aegean Archipelago was common practice for Western peoples in the context of a systematic effort to provide military protection for agricultural areas and the populations of their rich commercial colonies. After the weakening of these colonies and the arrival of the Ottomans, the watchtowers, known as viglae, continued to operate, as they were closely associated with the socio-economic, everyday life of the region’s residents. Using the case study of the community of 21 mastic-gathering villages (Mastihohoria) of south Chios, this article aims to: a) investigate the main and secondary objectives of the Ottoman administration in maintaining the operation of the viglae; b) study the system of operation of the viglae during the period of Ottoman rule; and c) explore the maintenance of viglae during this era. This article is based on qualitative research, as it studies documents found primarily in archival material, such as notarial acts, communal decisions, and correspondence between members of the Ottoman administration and community representatives, as well as other historical, travel and geographical resources
Greeks in the Russian Empire and their Role in the Development of Trade and Shipping in the Black and Azov Seas (nineteenth – early twentieth centuries)
Authors: Shliakhov Oleksei
Published: March 2015

The article aims to survey the role of Greek entrepreneurs in the development of trade and shipping in the Black and Azov Sea area. Based on hitherto under-analyzed Ukrainian archival records of Greek communities (in Odessa, Izmail, Nikolaiev, Kherson, Feodosiia, Berdiansk, Mariupol, Taganrog, Rostov-upon-Don and Kerch), the article explores the professional activities of Greek merchants, captains, engineers, pilots and sailors during the nineteenth century and the early twentieth.
Basil C. Gounaris, “See how the Gods Favour Sacrilege”: English Views and Politics on Candia under Siege (1645-1669)
Authors: Spyropoulos Yannis
Published: March 2015

No abstract
Loyaume and Νomarchie: Κeywords of the French revolution in the Greek vocabulary
Authors: Sfoini Alexandra
Published: March 2015

The French Revolution was the occasion for the reformulation of the definitions of basic concepts as liberté, égalité, fraternité, nation, patrie, etc. At the same time a lexical creativity, a large quantity of words appeared, some of them total news or with new significations, temporary or persistants (aristocruche, humanicide, enragés, loyaume, etc.).

This paper examines aspects of lexical and semantic developments in Greek language focussing on the era of the French Revolution. This important period was characterized  by intensified contacts with Western Europe. In this process, Greek intellectuals expressed an open admiration of the new French model of the nation in their political works and attempted to form a new political language. Most of the modern notions were introduced from the French language, which in his turn had acquired a large amount of greek-latin loan words. The intercultural dimension provide the tools for analysing the ways in which the new terms and concepts were transfered to the greek vocabulary. These processes are examined as reflected in the Hellenic Nomarchy (Italy 1806), a crucial text of the period. 
The Search for an Exit from the Dictatorship and the Transformation of Greek Conservatism, 1967-1974
Authors: Rizas Sotiris
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of transformation of Greek conservatism that evolved during the dictatorship from a current identified with the restrictive practices of the post-Civil War political system to a tenet of the democratic regime established in 1974. The realization that the military coup was not just the manifestation of anti-communism, the dominant ideology of the post-Civil War period, but also of an anti-parliamentary spirit permeating the armed forces, the prolongation of military rule that led to the crystallization of differences between the military regime and the conservative political class and an apprehension that the dictatorship might fuel uncontrollable social and political polarization are three inter-related factors that explain this transformation.
Andreas Papandreou’s Exile Politics: The First Phase (1968-1970)
Authors: Draenos Stan
Published: March 2015

Andreas Papandreou’s exile politics, following his December 1967 release from Averoff Prison, have stereotypically been seen as simply adopting the neo-Marxist ideologies associated with the Third World national liberation movements of the era. In narrating the initial evolution of his views on the “Greek Question” in exile, this study attempts to surface the underlying dynamics responsible for radicalizing his politics in that direction. Those dynamics reflect, on the one hand, the relentless will-to-action informing Papandreou’s political persona and, on the other, the political upheavals, headlined by the protest movement against the US war in Vietnam, in which his politics were enmeshed.
The Philiki Etaireia Revisited: In Search of Contexts, National and International
Authors: Yakovaki Nassia
Published: March 2015

It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that studies on the Philiki Etaireia (1814-1821), a field of historical research that has evolved in a rather marginal, if not erratic way, are lately at a standstill; at the same time, however, the Age of Revolution – and, more to the point, the until recently understudied post-Napoleonic decades – is the object of a remarkable renewal of interest among historians internationally. This essay tries to place the life and deeds of the Philiki Etaireia once more on the agenda of social and political history of the period, not only of the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire, but also of post-Napoleonic Europe, by revisiting the case of this (much acclaimed in the Greek national narrative) secret society and bringing forward possible new contexts for better understanding its emergence and development.
Clustering of Crimean desnaons in the legal environment of Russia
Authors: Василенко Валентин , Vasilenko Valentin , Василенко Александр , Vasilenko Aleksandr
Published: March 2015

In the article the authors give a brief characteristic analysis of the recreational and other resources, the potential of the recreational appeal of the Peninsula in general, which under the conditions of Crimea staying in Ukraine was left not realized. The structural reorganization of Ukraine, begun more than twenty years ago, led to the collapse of the sanatorium and health resort complex of Crimea, which in recent past used to be a powerful health resort base, named the АН-Union Health Center. The revival of the health resort and recreation sphere of Crimea under new conditions is the most important social task and essential segment of the economy development, which urgently needs the provision of the competitive advantagesfor the national subjects of the economic activity at the domestic and international market. There is a substantiated possibility and necessity of using the potential in practice under new, Russian conditions of the economic management by means of creating new organizational form of functioning sanatorium and health resort enterprises (SHREs). The authors prove that the perspective of such form of organizing production of enterprises is the integration of cluster associations on the basis of cooperation both among the SHREs themselves, and other related enterprises, establishments, organizations, which take part in producing sanatorium and health resort products. Cluster associations, unlike the enterprises working alone, SHREs, are more efficient, and they are able not only to survive together, but also to remit a part of funds for restoring natural and anthropogenic recreational resources and by this to preserve the unique appeal of the destinations. A logical model of the formation of health resort clusters of destinations is suggested, which is focused on the improvement of accessibility of the general public in accordance with the objectives of the state social tourism policy.
Problems of children´s social tourism in Crimea
Authors: Ганиева Альбина , Ganieva Albina
Published: March 2015

In this article the authors present concept of shared children´s tourism and children´s social tourism, considered systemic problems in the functioning of children´s sanatorium and health institutions of the Crimea. First, the authors provided a retrospective analysis of the formation and the scope of children´s social tourism in Crimea how the economic transformation is conducted in provision of social support for children´s health in a command and market economic systems. Substantiated are the factors affecting the crisis state of institutions of child health improvement: the processes of privatization of property of children´s health institutions, lack of budget financing of government programs to improve the health of children from socially disadvantaged groups, the decline in the quality of children´s health. The article highlights directions of the long-term prospects for the development of children´s health resorts of Crimea related to the development of children´s tourism in the tourism industry in Russia. As in the federal programme of support for rehabilitation of children argued, there should be the establishment of the state order for recreation system and financial support for children´s health institutions. The authors note trends in the development of children´s health centers of Crimea in the following directions: wider specialization, existing health centers, taking into account changes in the structure of child populations, comprehensive treatment. To create control systems of functioning and development for the recreational and tourist complex, which are formed within the administrative-territorial formations, there should be introduced the following elements: resource componentsof recreational potential (natural, human, financial, material, technological, informational), organizational and legal support of the form of ownership in the recreation and tourism complex, including the relationship arising in the course of ownership, management, exchange of different categories of resources, state regulation of processes in the system of children´s health institutions.
Prospects for the development of rural green, ecological and ethnographic tourism in the Crimea
Authors: Шостка Владимир , Shostka Vladimir
Published: March 2015

This article focuses on rural green tourism, which is widely regarded as the most promising form of tourism in the twenty-first century. Among the common species in the hospitality industry more and more popular are the "green travel" and the rest in rural areas. No exception to this is the Crimea, where tourism is the main industry for budgets. Tourism in Crimea affects the structure of employment and self-employment, contributes to the consolidation and enrichment of all ethnic communities, to the formation of a tolerant attitude of some ethnic groups to the other, the development of moral qualities, to raising the cultural level of the people. The development of rural (agricultural) green, ecological and ethnographic tourism in the Crimea allows, as it seems, to solve many of the problems associated with the territorial organization of recreational facilities. Hopefully, that this issue will finally be moved from the dead point in connection with the reunification of the Crimea with Russia. Unfortunately, the state authorities within twenty-five years have paid little attention to the development of tourism in the Crimea. The villages once thriving have been decaying. In this regard, 90% of the recreational and wellness enterprises were concentrated in the coastal part, many of them have been privatized, others every year got out of the industry as they were not cost-effective. Deep mining and coastal, foothill, or steppe areas of the Crimea, despite the presence of a large number of natural, historical, cultural, archaeological, ethnographic resources have been not in demand. Attempts should be made to attract the attention of the authorities to the problem of development of rural green tourism villages. However, apart from declaring problems Ukrainian authorities were not solving them. Hopefully, this brief analysis of the problems will help the new leadership of the Republic of Crimea to revive many of the tourist resources and to develop new types of tourism in rural areas. Ecological and cultural value of rural green tourism, its alternative value should be a reliable impetus to the revival of the Crimean villages on the basis of careful attitude to the distinctive culture of the various ethnic groups inhabiting the Crimea and, above all, their historical heritage.
Museum «Maclay Coast» in the Crimea and its educaonal potenal
Authors: Бойчук Мария , Boychuk Mariya
Published: March 2015

The example of the life and scientific deed of the Russian scientist and traveler Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay gives us an opportunity to foster in society, especially in the younger generation spiritual qualities derived from the perception of the ideals of Kindness, Humanity, Honor, Oneness. The outstanding scientist chose them as a guide, steadily embodying in reality a grand goal, worthy of all human life. Maclay saw a unique way to achieve it, and during his short life he has reached his goal — scientifically proved to the world that all men are created equal, that there is no superior and inferior races. Thus, Maclay has made the very justification of slavery impossible, denouncing it as a shameful phenomenon degrading human dignity. And, as evidenced by the historical facts, he has successfully coped with the task in front of him. Publication in press of scientific researches and wrathful articles in defense of the black population gave rise to the liberation struggle against colonialism, and eventually enslaved nations gained independence. That is, Maclay efforts were not in vain. This is another proof that in this world nothing goes without leaving a trace. Every thought, every human action has consequences. So one has responsibility to monitor the purity of his thoughts and actions.

Educational potential of the personality of the scientist, which deserves certainly our utmost attention, is revealed in the context of the book by Mary Boychuk "Knight of Humanism: Nikolai Maclay." In addition, the "Maclay Coast" museum guide prepared a teaching aid "Educational potential of the personality of N.N Miklouho-Maclay."

Each lecture-tour is accompanied by quoting statements of authoritative researcher and demonstration of fragments of the film, created according to his diaries in 1947. In such a way the museum provides systematic work on upbringing of strong-willed personality able to endure the trials of life; education of the individual, which recognizes that man is primarily a Spiritual essence, that he is responsible for his life and is able to influence the formation of true values in society and as a consequence to change the quality of life of the society in which the man resides; upbringing the sense of patriotism and awareness of higher destination of human.
Living with faecal incontinence: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Wilson Mary
Published: March 2015

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a taboo subject, and people living with it can feel stigmatised. This article reports on a 10-year qualitative follow-up to an initial constructivist-grounded theory project, investigating living with FI. This article will also look back at the initial study and the 5-year follow-up study undertaken. The research examines the challenges associated with living with FI and different ways of managing the condition, including the importance of social support.
‘It's the hearing that is last to go’: a case of traumatic head injury
Authors: Tapson Kate , Sierotowicz Wanda , Marks-Maran Di , Thompson Trish Morris
Published: March 2015

This article explores the literature related to acquired brain injury (ABI) and is followed by a case study of one patient with ABI, which reflects how the evidence, when implemented by a team of health professionals, can have a positive impact on recovery. Gregor is a middle-aged Polish man who suffered traumatic ABI when knocked down by a car. He spent a number of years in a specialist neurosurgical unit, then a rehabilitation unit, and for the past several years has been cared for in a care home. For most of this time he was in a coma. He began to come out of his coma and during his time in the care home received intensive physiotherapy and speech therapy. At the time of his brain injury Gregor could speak no English yet years later, when he began to regain consciousness, he was able to speak and understand English, a fact that might be attributed in part to 6 years of nurses talking to him in English as part of caring for him. Nurses are always told that hearing is the last of the senses to be lost when a person is unconscious or has a brain injury ( Sisson, 1990 ). The case study presented in this article demonstrates the potential power of talking to a patient when providing care, even when that patient is in a coma, and the impact this may have had on Gregor. It also demonstrates the importance of the need for evidence-based neuro-rehabilitation, including multi-professional working by a team of specialist physiotherapists, nurses, speech therapists, continence specialist nurse and nutritionist.
Incorporating the Principles of Nursing Practice and the 6Cs
Authors: Foulds Louise , Timms Katy , Barwell Julie , Gunning Amanda
Published: March 2015

This article will demonstrate how the Royal College of Nursing's (RCN's) Principles of Nursing Practice (2010) and the 6Cs ( Cummings and Bennett, 2012a ; 2012b ) can be applied to stoma care nursing. The multidimensional role of the stoma care nurse means that he or she is well placed to improve quality and standards in stoma nursing care. Stoma care nurses provide direct patient care and can play a vital part in helping patients with a stoma, a long-term condition, ensuring that their patients get the best possible care ( RCN, 2010 ). The poster contained within this article was displayed at the Association of Stoma Care Nurses (ASCN) national conference in Harrogate in October 2014 and was voted the overall winner. The authors of the article and the poster are stoma care nurses working in the acute and community settings and, between 2013 and 2014, they completed the RCN's Clinical Leadership Programme ( RCN, 2005 ). The NHS Plan ( Department of Health, 2000 ) identified the importance of leadership and the necessity of remodelling the NHS around the needs of service users. With this in mind, using the Principles of Nursing Practice and the 6Cs within stoma care demonstrates development with a consistent focus on patient care.
Everything to play for
Authors: Aitken Liz
Published: March 2015

Research backs up the fact that chess can improve, logic, concentration and focus in pupils, and they are never too young to begin to learn, says Liz Aitken.
Be a good sport
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: March 2015

Tom Donohoe explains why schools need to put their energies into developing physical activities that all pupils can enjoy, as part of every school day.
Build your page, then process your data
Authors: Rachel  , Bosley Mark
Published: March 2015

Follow this tutorial to build on developing a single web page, expanding it into a multi-page site, complete with navigation menu and data table.