bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyusunan Fungsi Produksi Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Ovigeria Subroto Sinaga
Published: February 2022

Corn is one of the agricultural products commonly handled by farmers. Currently corn is a commodity commodity that is being developed in Kutai Kartanegara Regency through the Corn Revolution movement. The corn revolution movement aims to increase the level of corn production in this district.

One type of corn planted by farmers is sweet corn. This type of corn is preferred by consumers because it has good taste and can be used as raw material to make processed vegetables or directly consumed by boiling or baking.

Farmers in planting corn certainly use various inputs or factors of production. One of the inputs that must be present is the use of corn seeds. Without the presence of corn seeds, the sweet corn cultivation activities could not be carried out.

The use of inputs and outputs can be written into a production function. From this production function, we can find out how the position of using input in this sweet corn cultivation activity.  It has reached the optimal point or not.

In accordance with the theory of production, a good production function can describe "the law of diminishing returns." From this law, the right production function is at least a quadratic equation, and the author tries to find the cube polynomial production function.

The results of the author's research on sweet corn cultivation in Manunggal Jaya Village, Tenggarong Seberang District produce a production function that occurs is a linear production function, Y = 2.5833 X. This equation shows that the production activities have not reached an optimal point.
Analisis Penjualan Minuman Thai Tea Pada Toko IL.SHOP18 Di Sangatta
Authors: Halma Halma
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penjualan minuman Thai Tea pada Toko IL.Shop 18 di Sangatta.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang menggambarkan data kuantitatif yang diperoleh menyangkut keadaan subyek atau fenomena dari populasinya. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu nonprobability sampling dengan sampel penelitian seluruh populasinya, yaitu  data penjualan IL.Shop18 periode Januari 2019 – Desember 2020. Data penjualan Thai Tea yang diteliti meliputi tiga varian, yakni thai tea original, thai tea milo, dan thai green tea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa, volume penjualan yang terbanyak disetiap periode yaitu varian thai tea original sedangkan omset penjualan tertinggi disetiap periode yaitu thai tea milo. Harga yang terjangkau dibandingkan dengan varian rasa yang lain, menjadikan varian thai tea original memiliki total penjualan terbanyak. Penetapan harga yang cukup tinggi diiringi dengan cita rasa yang sesuai cukup diminati, menjadikan varian thai tea milo memperoleh omset penjualan tertinggi. Minuman thai tea bukan sebagai kebutuhan pokok, maka penjualan cenderung fluktuatif karena masyarakat lebih memilih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primernya terlebih dahulu.
Ensemble quantification of short-term predictability of the ocean dynamics at kilometric-scale resolution: A Western Mediterranean test-case
Authors: Leroux Stephanie , Brankart Jean-Michel , Albert Aurélie , Brodeau Laurent , Molines Jean-Marc , Jamet Quentin , Le Sommer Julien , Penduff Thierry , Brasseur Pierre
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We investigate the predictability properties of the ocean dynamics using an ensemble of short-term numerical regional ocean forecasts forced by prescribed atmospheric conditions. In that purpose, we developed a kilometric-scale, regional model for the Western Mediterranean sea (MEDWEST60, at 1/60º horizontal resolution). A probabilistic approach is then followed, where a stochastic parameterization of model uncertainties is introduced in this model to initialize ensemble predictability experiments. A set of three ensemble experiments (20 members and 2 months) are performed, one with the deterministic model initiated with perturbed initial conditions, and two with the stochastic model, for two different amplitudes of stochastic model perturbations. In all three experiments, the spread of the ensemble is shown to emerge from the small scales (10 km wavelength) and progressively upscales to the largest structures. After two months, the ensemble variance saturates over most of the spectrum, and the small scales (< 100 km) have become fully decorrelated across the ensemble members. These ensemble simulations are thus appropriate to provide a statistical description of the dependence between initial accuracy and forecast accuracy for time-lags between 1 and 20 days. The predictability properties are statistically assessed using a cross-validation algorithm (i.e. using alternatively each ensemble member as the reference truth and the remaining 19 members as the ensemble forecast) together with a given score to characterize the initial and forecast accuracy. From the joint distribution of initial and final scores, it is then possible to quantify the probability distribution of the forecast score given the initial score, or reciprocally to derive conditions on the initial accuracy to obtain a target forecast skill.The misfit between ensemble members is quantified in terms of overall accuracy (CRPS score), geographical position of the ocean structures (location score), and spatial spectral decorrelation of the Sea Surface Height 2-D fields (decorrelation score). With this approach, we estimate for example that, in the region and period of interest, the initial location accuracy required (necessary condition) with a perfect model (no model uncertainty) to obtain a location accuracy of the forecast of 10 km with a 95 % confidence is about 8 km for a 1-day forecast, 4 km for a 5-day forecast, 1.5 km for a 10-day forecast, and this requirement cannot be met with a 15-day or longer forecast.
Identifying the Demand-Based Financial Issues in the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Arshed Noman
Published: February 2022

Pakistan is an agrarian economy with a booming Islamic financial system, but the low share of Salam financing does not do justice to the agricultural financing needs. This forces poor farmers to resort to usurious and non-institutional financing leading to a poverty trap. Literature has explored different dimensions of lack of financing facilities. The primary objective of this study is to categorize different dimensions pertaining to the under fulfilled financing needs of farmers to derive restructuring suggestions for Salam applicability in Pakistan. The variables are drawn using thematic analysis of studies published between 2008 to 2020, which conducted exploratory surveys of financial issues from farmers in agriculture sector of Pakistan. The studies are selected from databases including Google Scholar, EBSCO and Web of Science. The derived variables are validated using an independent rater using the interclass correlation coefficient. Rater validated all generated variables via thematic analysis. Most studies pointed to issues of finance accessibility and resource availability. The closest study pointed out the financing of agricultural machinery is the most discussed issue.
CAMBIO DE CENTRO DE UN MENOR POR SU INTERÉS SUPERIOR.
Authors: Fernández Franco Francisco Javier
Published: February 2022

Es habitual que los servicios de inspección intervengan en conflictos de escolarización surgidos por presuntas situaciones de acoso que, aunque no se certifiquen o constaten, perturban el normal disfrute del derecho a la educación, sin perjuicio de situaciones de disparidad y conflicto en el seno de la comunidad educativa que no son recomendables para ninguno de los actores implicados.El presente supuesto enfoca esta situación y la soluciona aplicando, de manera fundada en derecho, el principio rector que debe regir todaslas intervenciones de las administraciones cuando los posibles afectados son los menores.Para ello se detalla y redacta el hipotético informe del inspector de referencia del centro implicado.
ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO DE CÓMO SE HAN ENFRENTADO LOS DOCENTES Y LAS FAMILIAS AL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE EN EL PERIODO DE CONFINAMIENTO
Authors: Barchino Torres María Rebeca
Published: February 2022

La Covid-19 ha marcado una nueva realidad en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El cierre de los centros educativos en España supuso una adaptación por parte de las familias y los docentes de forma inmediata al modelo de enseñanza virtual. Este estudio tiene como referente la etapa de Educación Primaria. A través de un análisis descriptivo por encuesta se detallará cómo se han enfrentado los docentes y las familias al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el periodo de confinamiento. En el presente estudio han participado 58 docentes y 139 familias de todo el territorio español. Los resultados presentan algunas de las principales dificultades a las que han debido enfrentarse familias, estudiantes y docentes en este periodo.
DIRECCIÓN Y SUPERVISIÓN ESCOLAR EN ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Samore David
Published: February 2022

En el primer artículo de una serie de tres, se analizael estado actual de la educación pública K-12 en los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) en una descripción general que analizalas diversas causasde presión en el ámbito educativo. Se considera la exploración de los 14000 distritos escolares en EE. UU.y los desafíos que enfrentan sus consejos escolares, como la evolución del núcleo familiary su relación con las escuelas que los atiende. La inmensa diversidad de razas, culturas, modos de pensar y socioeconomía hancreado el reto de ofrecerla igualdad de oportunidades y equidad a través de la educación,una tarea abrumadora para la directiva, los maestros y las comunidades.
LA INSPECCIÓN DE LAS ENSEÑANZAS ARTÍSTICAS SUPERIORES EN LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID
Authors: Rodrigo del Blanco María José
Published: February 2022

Las enseñanzas artísticas superiores son consideradas en el actual sistema educativo español como enseñanzas de régimen especial y enseñanzas superiores pero la regulación de una organización y funcionamiento que tienen que ser singulares y específicas es aún un asunto sin resolver en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico.Esta situación ha generado multitud de dificultadesen los centros, en los profesores y en los estudiantes que la Ley Orgánica 3/2020, de 29 de diciembre, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación anuncióacometer en su disposición adicional novena.En este artículo trataremos de exponer la situación de estas enseñanzas enla Comunidad de Madrid, a través de su oferta y las actuaciones que la Inspección Educativa desarrolla en los centros superiores públicos y privados en los que ellas se imparten muchos de los que cuales son absolutos referentes, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, por la calidad de la enseñanza que ofrecen, por su profesorado, por sus egresadosy por la innovación que en ellos se lleva a cabo.
ESTUDIO COMPARADO: «APORTACIONES DE LA INSPECCIÓN EDUCATIVA A DISTINTAS PERSPECTIVAS DE EQUIDAD Y ANTE LOS RETOS PLANTEADOS POR LA LOMLOE.»
Authors: Carballo Herrera Mª Elena , García Rodríguez Francisco Miguel , Martínez Ruiz Ismael
Published: February 2022

Este artículo constituye el trabajo desarrollado por tres inspectores de educación con el fin de ser presentado en elXXI ENCUENTRO NACIONAL DEINSPECTORES DE EDUCACIÓN, celebrado en Zaragoza el día 21 de octubre de 2021, dentro del programa de dicho encuentro con el título “Inspección de Educación y equidad educativa” y dando lugar al debate correspondiente dentro del encuentro. El trabajo se centra en la necesidad de conocer cómo se trata la equidad en la normativa educativa vigente. El análisis se realiza por comunidades autónomas o ámbitos de gestión educativa de la inspección en España, de tal mono que la gestión directa del Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional del Gobierno de España es contemplada. El análisis normativo se realiza desde un planteamiento jerárquico, desde la Ley (nacional o autonómica) hasta la concreción en los reglamentos, oen los documentos e instrucciones que determinan el trabajo y las actuaciones de la inspección educativa en cada ámbito territorial. El objeto del análisis “laequidad” se ha realizado de forma general, pero profundizando en dos aspectos determinantes de la configuración de España: “la educación en el medio rural” y “la insularidad”. Con el análisis de estos dos aspectos geográficos hemos querido abarcar las preocupaciones que en el ámbito educativo condicionan el principio de equidad. El trabajo tiene un contexto temporal, quedando determinado por la disponibilidad normativa a fecha de presentación del mismo. Consideramos que las funciones de la inspección educativa vienen supeditadas por actuaciones y normas que marcan la capacidad de proceder en la búsqueda permanente de la equidad.
EL ASESORAMIENTO TÉCNICO-EDUCATIVO DE LA INSPECCIÓN COMO FACTOR DE MEJORA DE LA CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
Authors: Sáenz Martínez Aránzazu
Published: February 2022

La estrecha relación entre las funciones de supervisión educativa, evaluación y asesoramiento (normativamente asignadas a la Inspección) permite vertebrar el esqueleto que sostiene la optimización del funcionamiento y la mejora de resultados del sistema educativo. Así pues, la labor inspectora de asesoramiento puede integrar y facilitar desde el punto de vista institucional las acciones que buscan la mejora de la calidad. Por otra parte, el éxito de laacción asesora depende sustancialmente de la relación que el Inspector o Inspectora establezca con los agentes del cambio. En los sistemas contemporáneos, dicha relación se aleja del asesoramiento experto para configurarse como una relación de apoyo y se sostiene gracias al ejercicio del liderazgo consciente por parte del inspector, que ha de abordar los procesos de cambio desde una perspectiva eminentemente humana. Esta investigación justifica un modelo de asesoramiento inspector desde un enfoque contextual-colaborativo y reivindica el papel del inspector como líder de procesos que mejoran la calidad de las escuelas y la eficacia del sistema, sin traicionar la idiosincrasia de su función al incluir elementos de otras funciones como la supervisión y el control.
LA INSPECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN Y EL ARTÍCULO 27.8 DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN ESPAÑOLA. RAMÍREZ AISA, ELIAS
Authors: Heredia Menchero Jose Vicente
Published: February 2022

Laclave dela obra deElías Ramírez seríaofrecer una nítida perspectiva del actual vinculo con elpoder ejecutivo y no con elpoder legislativo, loque desvirtúa la función consensuada de esta instituciónpor las dos cámaras en la Constitución de 1978.
Genetically Modified Crops- Need of the Hour: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Sood Neeraja , Gupta Sadhna , Rath Rita , Saxena Ranjana
Published: February 2022

The sustainable growth in agriculture faces many challenges owing to the limited availability of land and water besides the biotic stresses (pests, insects) and abiotic stresses (drought, saline, heat, floods etc.). The unreliable rainfall in India and poor irrigation facilities further aggravate the problem of food crop production. Due to such climatic unpredictabilities, there is a dire need for the development of improved crop varieties. The goal of such an approach is to focus on the production of new varieties that can withstand the biotic and abiotic stresses and may add to the food productivity with better yields and nutritional enrichment. Advances in genetic engineering have contributed to the development of improved crops where scientists have been able to engineer desirable traits making them more beneficial. Although concerns have been raised in the past (vis-a-vis consumer acceptance, mandatory vs voluntary labeling of genetically modified (GM) products, approval of regulatory procedure), nevertheless GM crops have the potential to be the game changer in the Indian agriculture and will prove to be a boon to decrease the drudgery of the common Indian farmer and increase his prosperity in absolute terms. Several aspects need to be taken into account from sowing of seed, overcoming the stress of drought, salinity and frost at the outset to decreased dependence on chemical pesticides, herbicides, decreased use of insecticides, improving the nutrient profile of crops, prevention of spoilage, increasing the shelf life and higher profit gains and last but not least protecting the environment.GM crops offer tremendous scope for the farming community, society at large and the nation on the whole.
CEZA HUKUKU İLKELERİNİN DİSİPLİN HUKUKUNDA UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: ZOR Burç Volkan
Published: February 2022

Disiplin cezası vermekle görevli ve yetkili olan idareler hukuk devleti ilkesinin gereği olarak tüm eylem ve işlemlerinde hakkaniyetli ve hukuka uygun bir şekilde hareket etmelidir. Disiplin cezası işlemleri ile bir yandan kurum içi düzenin sağlanması ile bu düzenin idame ettirilmesi ve nihayetinde kamu yararının sağlanması amaçlanırken diğer yandan bireyin hakları korunmalıdır. Bu denkleştirmenin en iyi yolu da disiplin takibatlarında hukukun evrensel ilkeleri ve ceza hukuku ilkelerinden uygun düştüğü ölçüde faydalanılmasıdır.

Disiplin hukukuna hâkim olan ilkeler Anayasada özel olarak düzenlenmediği gibi, disiplin mevzuatlarında da açık olarak yer almamaktadır. Ancak doktrin ve içtihatlar incelediğinde, Anayasa’nın 38’inci maddesi ile düzenlenen suç ve cezalara ilişkin esaslar ile diğer ceza hukuku ilkelerinin sadece ceza hukuku açısından geçerli olmadıklarını ve özlerine uygun düştüğü ölçüde disiplin hukukunda da uygulanabildiklerini görebiliyoruz. Çalışmada söz konusu ilkeler ceza ve disiplin hukuku açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş ve hangi ilkelerin disiplin hukukunda geçerli oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Relationship between location, size, morphology and histopathological types of neoplastic colorectal polyps
Authors: Hoai Ngo Thi , Bang Mai Hong , Trung Ngo Tat , Hanh Ngo Thi Minh
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate correlations between location, size, morphology and histopathological types of neoplastic colorectal polyps. Subject and method: We reviewed endoscopic and histopathologic data from 215 patients undergoing colonoscopy. We categorized colorectal polyps according to anatomic location, size, and morphology. Histopathological features were classified using the World Health Organization (WHO-2019) classification. Result: Neoplastic polyps were mostly located in the left colon and rectum. Serrated polyps with dysplasia were not found in right colon. The proportion of colonic polyp with a size larger than 1cm and those with a size smaller or equal 1cm accounted for 85.1% and 14.9%, respectively. The cancer risk of polyps larger than 1cm were higher than those of polyps smaller or equal 1cm. Villous adenoma and serrated polyp with dysplasia were found exclusively in polyps bigger than 1cm (p<0.001). The proportions of sessile adenoma and pedunculated adenoma accounted for 41.9% and 58.1%, respectively. The existence of polyps stalk had no relationship with histopathological types (p=0.127). The cancer risk of villous adenoma was higher than those of other histopathological types (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.9 - 11.3, p<0.001). Conclusion: The localization of polyp was mostly in left colon and rectum. Polyp size larger than 1cm and villous adenoma type were closely related to the malignant change in neoplastic polyps.
Initial evaluation of pain relief efficacy of ultrasound-guided selective nerve root injection with corticosteroid in the treatment of cervical disc herniation
Authors: Cuong Hoang Quang , Anh Bui Hoang , Son Nguyen Minh , Huyen Tran Thi Thanh , Nga Nguyen Thi Thuy , Khoa Nguyen Viet , Hoa Vu Thi Thanh
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the pain relief efficacy of selective nerve root injection with corticosteroid under ultrasound’s guidance in the treatment of the cervical disc herniation and its complications. Subject and method: The study was conducted with 20 cervical disc herniation patients in the Center of Multidisciplinary Consultation and Treatment, 108 Military Central Hospital from February 2021 to May 2021. All included patients were examined and performed the first injection, then observed for 2 hours after the procedure. The second injection would be indicated if the first one was not able to relieve 50% of pain at each time points of study. The time points of study were T0, T1, T2, T3 according to before, at a time, and after intervention 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The researched outcomes were vital signs, general status, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, for pain assessment), and complications. Result: The average age of subjects was 54.75 ± 12.07 years old. Gender ratio (male/female) was 1.22. The most common herniated level was C5-C6 (90%), mainly right orientation (67%). The most frequent compressed nerve root was C6 right (67%). The NRS score at the time points after intervention significantly reduced, and this favorable outcome steadily maintained (p<0.05). The most popular complication was the parasympathetic reflex (10%), it gradually disappeared with conservative care. There was no severe complication. Conclusion: The selective nerve root injection with corticosteroid under ultrasound’s guidance in the treatment of cervical disc herniation is the acceptably safe and effective management.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Dengan Pendekatan Problem Based Learning
Authors: Arifurrahman Arifurrahman
Published: February 2022

Berbagai perkembangan kehidupan yang pesat dengan tantangan yang semakin kompleks telah menuntut agar guru selalu bersifat profesional.oleh karena dalam penelitian ini fokus pada pengembangan bahan ajar pendidikan agamaislam dengan pendekatan problem based learning. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pengembangan (Research and Development). Hasil dari penelitian ini : Berdasarkan proses pengembangan dan hasil validasi terhadap bahan ajar berupa buku ajar Pendidikan Agam Islam kelas XI dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Pelaksanaan pengembangan bahan ajar berupa buku ajar Pendidikan Agam Islam kelas XI SMA dikembangkan dalam empat tahap, yakni : 1) Melakukan penggalian berbagai informasi tentang potensi dan masalah, 2) setelah potensi masalah dapat ditunjukkan secara faktual dan uptodate selanjutnya mengumpulkan data, 3) merancang dan mengembangkan produk awal dengan memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip pengembangan bahan ajar dan unsur-unsur bahan ajar, 4) validasi produk oleh tim ahli. Hasil pengembangan ini dapat dijadikan acuan dan rujukan dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam kelas XI SMA semester satu. Desain pengembangan yang dilakukan telah menghasilkan satu produk Buku ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam.
MENUMBUHKEMBANGKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI TK KUSUMA KELURAHAN PATOKAN KECAMATAN KRAKSAAN PROBOLINGGO JAWA TIMUR
Authors: THOWILAH TOYYIBATUT
Published: February 2022

Pembelajaran bisa dikatakan berhasil jika terjadi tahapan Perubahan Perilaku. Pembelajaran pada anak usia dini merupakan dasar awal dari pembentukan karakter pada Anak. Pembeljaran  nilai religius pada anak sejak usia dini  mungkin penting artinya, karena pendidikan sangat memerlukan proses proses seperti rantai makanan yang saling berkaitan yang menjadikan anak menjadi Religius. Penelitian yang terdapat pada jurnal ini  termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang sifatnya deskriptif. Untuk mengumpulkan  data data, peneliti menggunakan dua metode, yaitu: metode wawancara dan metode observasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran yang menumbuhkembangkan karakter religius di   TK KUSUMA Kelurahan Patokan Kecamatan Kraksaan Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur adalah dengan memadukan  pelajaran di kelas, pembiasaan rutin, spontan, dan keteladanan. Cara  pendidikan karakter yang indah perlu  dukungan oleh semua pihak yang  harus terlibat secara aktif, dari tingkat keluarga, masyarakat, lembaga pendidikan umum atau formal, hingga para tokoh bangsa dan tentu saja tokoh agama dan masyarakat.
Ressources naturelles et capital humain en zone CEMAC
Authors: MBANG Olga Marthe
Published: February 2022

L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer la contribution de l’abondance en ressources naturelles à la formation du capital humain en zone CEMAC. L’intérêt de l’étude est de montrer le bienfondé d’une augmentation des allocations budgétaires pour la formation du capital humain à partir des ressources financières issues des exploitations des ressources naturelles dans les pays de la zone CEMAC. Sur le plan théorique, jusqu’à nos jours aucune étude n’a fait le lien entre les ressources naturelles et la formation du capital humain en zone CEMAC. La modélisation de la relation entre ces deux variables utilise la technique du panel dynamique. Le test d’homogénéité montre la présence des effets individuels dans la zone CEMAC. Ces effets individuels sont fixes selon le test de Hausman. L’estimation du modèle à effet fixe montre que les ressources financières générées par l’exploitation des ressources naturelles ne contribuent pas positivement à l’accumulation du stock du capital humain en zone CEMAC. Des efforts d’augmentation des allocations budgétaires issues des rentes liées à l’exploitation des ressources naturelles destinées aux dépenses d’éducation et de santé sont recommandés aux gouvernements des pays de la CEMAC pour améliorer la contribution de ses ressources naturelles à l’accumulation du stock de capital humain nécessaire à la croissance économique afin de stopper la malédiction.
Kva typar mellommenneskelege situasjonar opplever norske psykologar oftast og som mest krevjande?
Authors: Stige Signe Hjelen , Dundas Ingrid , Schanche Elisabeth , Hjeltnes Aslak
Published: February 2022

Psychotherapy research has demonstrated the significance of therapists’ interpersonal skills for outcome. This raises the question of what interpersonal situations psychologists perceive to be challenging and how we can train psychologists to master such situations. A web-based questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of Norwegian psychologists, mapping frequency and perceived demand of potentially challenging interpersonal situations in therapy. The results showed that suicidality was perceived as the most demanding situation, while clients expressing intense emotions was the most commonly encountered situation. Three of the most demanding situations (suicidality, difficulty establishing common focus, and passive clients) were among the most commonly encountered situations. While work context (specialized mental health care or not) was associated with significantly higher frequency of the most common situations, work context had no impact on perceived difficulty of situations.

Key words: Interpersonal skills; therapist development; suicidality; difficult clinical encounters; therapist training
12 Labours Seminar Series (Exemplar Project 3): Control of organ function by the autonomic nervous system
Authors: Cheng Leo K. , Clark Alys
Published: February 2022

This seminar will give an overview of Exemplar Platform 3 (EP3) of the 12 Labours project: Control of organ function by the autonomic nervous system. EP3 seeks to leverage upon preliminary work previously conducted at the Auckland Bioengineering Institute in the Gastrointestinal Motility and Placental Health research groups. In particular, we will present work conducted to date, and planned future work, on mathematical modelling and measurement of intrinsic electrical activity in the stomach and uterus, and its response to external electrical stimulii, homonal changes, and the autonomic nervous system.
A Study of Muslims’ Perceptions of Zakat as a Tax Reduction in Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Saiful Fikri Aula Ahmad Hafidh , Syed Alwi Sharifah Faigah , Johari Fuadah , Sholeh Maimun , Suprayitno Eko , - Ngadiyono
Published: February 2022

The study of zakat and taxes is still a highly regarded topic, especially in relation to the public’s perception of zakat as a tax reduction. The aim of this study is to examine the influencing factors towards the perception of Muslims on the zakat policy as a form of tax reduction based on an adopted research model. To assess the quality of the models and hypothesis, the Partial Least Square (PLS) - Structure Equations Model (SEM) is used in this study. There is a total of 152 respondents involved in this study whereby the respondents are almost evenly divided between Malaysians and Indonesians. The Malaysian citizens are a total of 77 people (50.7%) and the remaining 75 people (49.3%) are Indonesian residents. Based on the SEM results of the formation factors in the test produced by the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis, it can be said that only the knowledge about tax, religiosity and satisfaction variables have a significant and positive influence or impact on the perception towards tax through zakat system. The results of this study can reduce the gap in perception and understanding among the Muslim community regarding the perception of Muslims towards tax breaks through the zakat system and will surely play an important role for countries, policy makers and zakat or tax institutions both in Malaysia and Indonesia as well as around the world in utilizing practices which can be considered highly and positively beneficial to the Muslim society.
مقدار الضرب تعزيرا في الفقه الإسلامي مقارنا بالقانون الجنائي السوداني لسنة 1991م
Authors: ، محمد سليمان النور سليمان
Published: February 2022

مقدار الضرب تعزيرا في الفقه الإسلامي مقارنا بالقانون الجنائي السوداني لسنة 1991م

يهدف البحث إلى بيان حكم الضرب في التعزير، و مقدار أقل الضرب و أكثره في الفقه الإسلامي بالرجوع لكتب الفقه في المذاهب المختلفة و بيان أقوال الفقهاء في ذلك و أدلتهم و مناقشتها و الترجيح بينها، و بيان ما عليه القانون الجنائي السوداني لسنة 1991م المعتمد على الفقه الإسلامي في عقوبة الضرب تعزيرا و مقدارها و مقارنته بأقوال الفقهاء.
مصطلحات المحدثين بين الفهم و التطبيق
Authors: ، عبد الرحمن محمد سراج
Published: February 2022

مصطلحات المحدثين بين الفهم و التطبيق

 

تحدث البحث عن ضرورة معرفة لغة المحدثين و اصطلاحاتهم و أن اختلاف العلماء في تحديد معنى بعض المصطلحات هو إشارة إلى التدرج في الدقة و الضبط، و أن علم الحديث متداخل و مترابط يحتاج لاستحضار واسع لأطرافه و لا يكون هذا غلا بالحفظ و الفهم، و أن دراسة علم الحديث خطوة أولى تحتاج إلى التمرس و ليس كل من درس هذا العلم لديه القدرة على ممارسة النقد و التصحيح و التضعيف و لذا يجب مراجعة مناهج التعليم في ذلك، لإعداد باحث متمكن يجيد قواعد البحث العلمي و متطلبات هذا الفن لأن الأمر دين.
أثر اختيار الموقع غير السليم على الفشل المالي : التطبيق على مصانع الغزل و النسيج في القطاع الصناعي العام في السودان
Authors: ، أمل يوسف محمد جاه الرسول
Published: February 2022

أثر اختيار الموقع غير السليم على الفشل المالي : التطبيق على مصانع الغزل و النسيج في القطاع الصناعي العام في السودان

 

الهدف من هذا البحث هو معرفة عوامل اختيار الموقع السليم و معرفة مشاكل صناعة الغزل و النسيج في القطاع العام في السودان.

 

و معرفة أسباب الفشل المالي لهذه المصانع الناتجة من اختيار الموقع غير السليم.

 

إن فرض البحث الذي تم اختياره و هو أثر اختيار موقع المصنع غير السليم على الفشل المالي.

 

لقد تم تحليل البيانات الإحصائية بواسطة الحاسب الآلي و بالاستعانة بالبرامج الإحصائي للعلوم الاجتماعية (Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS) لاستخراج الإحصاءات الوصفية، فإن طريقة مربع كاي (س2) Chi Square (X2) قد استخدمت في الدراسة للاستدلال على العلاقة الأنفة الذكر من خلال اختبار فرض البحث.

 

توصل الباحث إلى قبول فرض البحث و هو أن اختيار الموقع غير السليم يؤدي غلى الفشل المالي و توصل الباحث غلى توصيات تتعلق بنتائج البحث.
النعمة و الابتلاء و أثرهما في تربية المؤمنين
Authors: ، محمد آدم محمد صديق
Published: February 2022

النعمة و الابتلاء و أثرهما في تربية المؤمنين

 

ذكر البحث أن الابتلاء نعمة على المؤمنين يربى نفوسهم و يقوي عزائمهم و به يتميز الناس، و الابتلاء كما يكون بالشر يكون بالخير، و هو امتحان لتصفية الرجال و أكثرهم ابتلاء الأمثل ثم الأمثل من لدن آدم إلى سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم و حتى قيام الساعة و عند الثبات علي و على المحن المزلزلة يجيء النصر لمن يستحقه عاجلا أم آجلا.
السلام تحية الإسلام الخالدة
Authors: ، سعاد سليمان إدريس الخندقاوي
Published: February 2022

السلام تحية الإسلام الخالدة

 

في هذا البحث سنقف على الآتي :- 1.

 

كيفية إلقاء السلام من كل فرد من أفراد المجتمع على الآخر و كيفية الرد. 2.

 

السلام على الأطفال و ما الدافع له. 3.

 

السلام على النساء و حكمه الشرعي. 4.

 

ارتشاف خلق السلام من هديه صلى الله عليه و سلم العملي. 5.

 

الآداب التي بينها الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم لإلقاء السلام. 6.

 

ما الذي يحققه السلام على الأسرة.
جهود الشيخ الدكتور محمد بن محمد أبو شهبة في خدمة السنة و علومها
Authors: ، البشير علي حمد الترابي
Published: February 2022

جهود الشيخ الدكتور محمد بن محمد أبو شهبة في خدمة السنة و علومها

 

تناولت الدراسة علما من أعلام السنة المعاصرين، و هو الشيخ محمد أبو شهبة باعتباره مجددا و مجتهدا في هذا الباب الذي ظل و لزمان طويل حبيس المصنفات القديمة.

 

و هكذا أبرزت الدراسة الجهد المقدر الذي قام به الشيخ في مجال السنة النبوية الشريفة سيرة و حديثا و سلطت الضوء على هذا الإسهام غير المسبوق المنشور منه و المسموع المرئي مما يعتبر مشهودا في باب دراسات علوم السنة.
التضمين النحوي في القرآن الكريم
Authors: أحمد بن محمد الخراط
Published: February 2022

التضمين النحوي في القرآن الكريم

تناولت الدراسة رسالة علمية تناولت التضمين في النحو العربي مثمنا ما ذهبت إليه الدراسة في نظرتها لمسألة التضمين، و إنه إشراب لكلمة معنى كلمة أخرى مجراها من حيث التعدية أو اللزوم، و إنه يدخل الأسماء و الأفعال جميعا.

و فندت ما ذهب إليه الأقدمون من نيابة حروف الجر عن بعضها في هذا الباب.
Implementasi Model Penilaian Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Pada Penilaian Empat Keterampilan Berbahasa Arab
Authors: Haniefa Rifda
Published: February 2022

One of the objectives of learning Arabic is to master four Arabic skills :  listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills, and writing skills. The HOTS assessment onOne of the objectives of learning Arabic is to master four Arabic skills :  listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills, and writing skills. The HOTS assessment on four skills aims to make students achieve various competencies that are in accordance with current developments. These competencies are critical thinking, creative and innovative, communication skills, collaboration and confidence. The five things that were conveyed by the government that became the target of the character of students were attached to the evaluation system and were 21st century skills. This research is a qualitative study that produces descriptive data. The type of this research is library research. The data analysis used is content analysis. HOTS assessment on four Arabic language skills can be implemented by aligning the form of assessment and the dimensions of the HOTS thinking process : creating, evaluating and analyzing which are then specified on indicators of competency achievement which are the elaboration of basic competencies four skills aims to make students achieve various competencies that are in accordance with current developments. These competencies are critical thinking, creative and innovative, communication skills, collaboration and confidence. The five things that were conveyed by the government that became the target of the character of students were attached to the evaluation system and were 21st century skills. This research is a qualitative study that produces descriptive data. The type of this research is library research. The data analysis used is content analysis. HOTS assessment on four Arabic language skills can be implemented by aligning the form of assessment and the dimensions of the HOTS thinking process : creating, evaluating and analyzing which are then specified on indicators of competency achievement which are the elaboration of basic competencies.
Manajemen Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di LPQ Tahfidzul Qur’an Ar-Rahman
Authors: Azmi Khairul
Published: February 2022

The world of education continues to grow with the challenges of today's times. He taught Arabic only in formal educational institutions, but now he has started studying in informal institutions, as in lpq Tahfidzul Qur'an Rahman. Learning management is essential to achieving the goals of educational institutions, not least the management of learning in Arabic. The research aims to illustrate the implementation of the Arabic Language Learning Department in informal institutions. The search method is a qualitative method. Data collection techniques use surveillance, interviews and documents, while data validation testing techniques use triangulation. The results showed that the Arabic language learning department at Tahfidzul Qur'an Rahman, which includes planning, organization, implementation, control and evaluation, went very well. This conclusion is based on working meetings that plan annual and classroom programs, organize Arabic language learning programs as planned, good, effective and effective in the implementation of learning contracts, supervision/ supervision at all times, and intensive evaluation
كشف الوجوه البيانية في قصيدة الشيخ علي الصابوني للحبيب أبي بكر العدني
Authors: Lintang Daud
Published: February 2022

This research aims to unmask the beauty of the Arabic language as well as to reveal the shape of the parrot contained in the qasidah mirṡāh by Habib Abu bakr al-'Adni. As for the problem in this discussion, First: who is shaykh 'ali al-ṣābūnī?  Second: who is Habib Abu Bakr al-'adni?  Third: what is the shape of the parrot in the qasidah mirṡāh by Habib abu bakr al-'adni?  Fourth: what is the meaning of the lamentation qasidah in habib abu bakr al-'adni's qasidah mirṡāh?
In this study the author used the library method by reading, analyzing and collecting data by referring to sources, references and books related to this theme. Then, for the stages of his research is to  collect poems that contain only parrots and look for bayan elements, include the meaning of the poem in language and overall meaning, and reveal the parrot forms contained in the poem. The results of this study contained 1 tasybîh and 17 majãz.
In addition, this study became a picture of the breadth of language science, especially arabic science. Because, the style (uslub) of language communication is certainly very influential on all areas of europeanism and Arabic literature.
Problematika Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab SMP IT Yapidh
Authors: Hamdah Laras
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find out the learning motivation of grade VIII students of SMPIT YAPIDH in the field of Arabic language studies and the efforts of teachers in fostering and improving the spirit and language skills.  This research is a field study with a subject of grade VIII students numbering 30 people, data collection using observations and interviews. And data analysis using descriptive qualitative techniques.
The results of the study intended that the motivation of students to learn Arabic at SMPIT Yapidh is divided into two, namely internal motivational problems and external motivational problems. Internal motivational problems include lack of vocabulary, difficulty to read Arabic writing, lazy feelings that arise from each student, and difficult to understand the rules of Arabic (science nahwu and shorof). While the problematika external motivation of students, among others, the creation of an Arabic language environment among students, not all teachers understand the intellectual differences between students, the forced entry of SMPIT Yapidh from parents not from themselves and differences in educational background between students. The efforts made by the teacher is to provide information about the urgency of learning Arabic and teaching with interesting methods such as game methods, and teachers keep the classroom atmosphere conducive.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Arab Melalui Metode (SQ3R)
Authors: Parhan Parhan , Abdul Jalil Muhammad , Idrus Idrus , Raup Abdul
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of the SQ3R method in improving understanding of Arabic texts and to determine the extent to which the understanding of Arabic text was increased through the SQ3R method. This study used a qualitative approach with a classroom action research (CAR) strategy. The subjects of this study were students of class VII B MTs Nurul Yaqin Legok Tangerang. Sources of data used: (1) informants, namely Arabic teachers in class VII B MTs Nurul Yaqin who are easy to communicate with (2) data or documents, in the form of reading texts, photos of teaching and learning activities, student test results, transcripts of interviews with students and teacher. The data collection technique used was data triangulation which included: (1) observation / observation, (2) interviews, and (3) documentation (4) written test assessments. The research process was carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: (1) planning the action, (2) implementing the action, (3) observing, and (4) analyzing and reflecting. Based on the results of research carried out that the SQ3R method was able to improve students' understanding of Arabic text. With an average acquisition of 64 on the pre-test results, then increased in cycle I with an average of 84, then increased again in cycle II with an average result. Average 95.5. with an average comparison of 20 between the pre-test and post-test cycle I, and the comparison between cycle I and cycle II, namely 11.5.
The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West
Authors: Wood Ian
Published: February 2022

The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted remarkably little attention. The Christian Economy of the Early Medieval West: Towards a Temple Society examines the chronology of the Church’s acquisition of wealth, and particularly of landed property, as well as the distribution of its income, in the period between the conversion of Constantine and the eighth century.

In this book, the society that emerged as a result of the Church’s acquisition of land is interpreted in the light of the anthropological model of the “Temple Society,” a concept developed from Karl Marx’s so-called “Asiatic Mode of Production.” The emergence of a socio-economic system dominated by the Church is presented as a crucial development in the history of western Europe.
URBAN LAYOUT FOR BUILDING SOLAR OPTIMIZATION AND OUTDOOR COMFORT BALANCE: NEIGHBORHOOD STRATEGY IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
Authors: Díaz-Borrego Julia
Published: February 2022

The urban configuration in the Mediterranean area, which has noticeable solar radiation and significant thermal oscillation, is one of the factors that affect the microclimate and the urban heat island phenomenon of the cities located in that zone. To contribute to the improvement of urban comfort, this work presents an experimental methodological proposal for the analysis and multicriteria optimization of performance indicators using a parametric workflow through Grasshopper. This workflow can lead to the development of a set of environmental design criteria as support tools in the design of the urban configuration. The methodology is based on the quantification of two parameters on the analysis and management of daylight in interior spaces by means of dynamic metrics and, on the other hand, on the evaluation of hygrothermal conditions and the urban heat island effect, which affect both the daytime comfort of passersby and the nighttime comfort of dwellings. This study considers the most typical variables of urban layout, both morphological and material. The case study analyzed is located in the city of Seville (Spain), which has a significant percentage of its contemporary buildings without a suitable adaptation to local climate conditions. The results obtained from the case study prove the potential of the proposed methodology to evaluate and optimize lighting and thermal performance at the neighbourhood scale. Thus, it provides urban planners with a powerful decision support tool for both urban expansion and urban renewal.
Thermally Comfortable Affordable Housing: A Study on Residential Building Code In India
Authors: Asrani Sneha , Rawal Rajan , Shukla Yash , Graham Peter , Bhanushali Priyanka , Desai Arjun
Published: February 2022

On an average, India has more than 3000 Cooling Degree Days (CDD). The multifamily public housing being constructed under India’s Prime Minister Awas Yojana (PMAY) is aimed at providing formal housing to the society’s Economic Weaker Section (EWS). It is essential that this housing delivers thermally comfortable in-doors to the occupants. This study mapped the design and construction practices followed under PMAY Urban (PMAY-U) against India’s Residential Energy Building Code, Eco Niwas Samhita (ENS). The metric prescribed in ENS is Residential Envelope Transmittance Value (RETV). For 80 PMAY-U projects, information related to spatial design, and walling assemblies was collated. 30 projects were short-listed for detailed analysis. The RETV for selected projects was calculated. The analysis demonstrated that walling assemblies and technologies having a lower thermal transmittance value (U-value) resulted in meeting the ENS prescribed RETV numbers, hence, code compliance. The study further extended to assess the energy performance of the housing unit by exploring the change in walling assemblies. The change in thermally comfortable hours were reported in the range of 4145 and 6034, and Energy Performance Index (EPI) of the dwelling units were reported between 64 and 68 kWh/m2/year for the various walling assemblies.
OCCUPANT PERCEPTION OF THERMAL COMFORT IN SLEEP ENVIRONMENTS IN QATAR
Authors: Indraganti Madhavi , Kutty Farsana , Ali Reem , Al Noaimi Lulwa , Al-Bader Saaeda , Al Mulla Maryam Adel
Published: February 2022

A thermal comfort field survey in sleep environments in winter and spring seasons in Qatar collected 833 sets of objective and subjective thermal and sleep quality responses before going to bed and after getting up. The subjects felt cooler sensations most of the time, preferred warmer sensations and the sleep environments are considered comfortable overall. Griffiths comfort temperature (Tc) was 24.3 ˚C and 20.2 ˚C in FR and AC modes respectively.  Subjects used air-conditioner (AC)s adaptively in heating mode in winter.  In 82.7% cases in air-conditioned (AC) mode, the comfort temperature was below the lower limit of the international standard. Subjects enjoyed quality sleep in Qatar. Overall self-declared sleep quality improved with thermal acceptability. Depth of sleep was higher in AC mode (mean = 3.86). On the other hand, mean global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was high in general (mean = 10.7), indicating good quality sleep, and significantly so in free-running mode (mean = 11) than in AC mode (mean = 10.4). It increased as subjects liked their AC systems. This study suggests that overcooling in spring can be avoided by increasing the air movement without compromising sleep quality.
USERS’ ASSESSMENT OF PERSONAL FANS IN A WARM OFFICE SPACE IN BRAZIL
Authors: CASTRO LUIZA , ANDRÉ MAÍRA , BUONOCORE CAROLINA , LAMBERTS ROBERTO
Published: February 2022

The use of personal fans allows improving thermal comfort and energy savings in warm office spaces. This is due to individual adjustment and extended indoor temperature acceptability. However, to achieve that, the usability of fans must be assured. Therefore, an experiment with 40 people of various age groups was carried out to assess four types of fans, one of which is an evaporative cooling device. The goal was to find out which criteria should be used for selecting a fan to implement in an office space. Results show that airflow sensation and speed adjustment are considered the most important, although, noise is also very important, and cost can be an eliminatory criterion. The evaporative device was the best rated even in a space with 70 to 80% relative humidity, as users considered it to have a smooth controllable airflow. The results highlight these aspects should be considered in the selection of a personal fan and could also drive the industry to improve fans design for increasing usability and expanding the use of these systems.