ПРОТОСАМИЗДАТ В ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ В ПРЕДРЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЕ ГОДЫ И В ПЕРИОД БЕЛОГВАРДЕЙСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ (1916-1919) (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВА ВС. ИВАНОВА)
Authors: В.Н. ЯРАНЦЕВ 
Published: November 2024

В статье ставится проблема издания книг и другой печатной продукции писателями-самоучками, выходцами из народа, в дореволюционное время и в эпоху гражданской войны. Примером писателя, преодолевшего статус самоучки, является Вс.Вяч. Иванов, творчество которого связано с Сибирью. Появление нового поколения в сибирской литературе предопределило переход Вс. Иванова накануне Октябрьской революции от «народнической» литгруппы К.К. Худякова к «футуристической» группе А.С. Сорокина и принятие его поведенческих и творческих установок, а также новых форм неподцензурного книгоиздания, которые стали предметом изучения самиздата на стадии протосамиздата. Эволюция Вс. Иванова-«самиздатчика» показана на примере его рукописных и печатных книг и сотрудничества с А. Сорокиным, культивировавшим недифференцированное авторство и издание книг по принципу конволюта. Делается вывод о неоднозначном влиянии протосамиздата, рукописного и печатного, на становление творчества писателя, вынужденного пройти через данную стадию в своем развитии.

This work is devoted to the proto-samizdat of the Civil War era and its predecessors as a type of non-political alternative publishing, handwritten and typographic. The work centers on the figure of a novice writer Vs. Ivanov, who was part of a group of self-taught writers led by K. Khudyakov. The factor of stratification of Siberian literature into the old, “narodnik-regional”, led by G. Potanin, and a new “modernist-futurist” one, led by A. Sorokin, is noted. The transition to the position of A. Sorokin and the adoption of his views aimed at updating literature and publishing made Vs. Ivanov to revise his stand. He modified manuscripts into books being prepared for publication, the quality of works enhanced. Vs. Ivanov's collaboration with A. Sorokin marked itself by publishing the newspaper “Sogry” and the book “Tuyun-Boot”, projects of several magazines, for example, “Slovosvet”. The authorship of the writers of some works, for example, the story “Two Proofs” is not altogether clear, being a scientific problem. Vs. Ivanov's collections of stories texts are analyzed: the first is handwritten, the second with signs of preparation for printing and the third, typed by the author in the printing house as a book of short stories “Rogulki”, completing the Siberian period of his work and marked by the influence of proto-samizdat practices. The copy of this book in the archive of A. Sorokin as part of the collection-convolute without authorship designation confirms it. In general, the evolution of Vs. Ivanov's manuscripts is noted: a handwritten book “for myself”; a handwritten book with traces of preparation for printing; the publication of a manuscript in a printing house that retains the signs of self-publishing - a handwritten typesetting and distribution in a limited environment. The instability of power in this period and the undeniable influence of his senior colleague A. Sorokin, his attitude to book publishing and authorship imparts specificity to Vs. Ivanov's proto-samizdat. For the later famous writer Vs. Ivanov, as for other self-taught writers, who were originally from lower social class, the experience of proto-samizdat has become of paramount value for their future literary activity.