bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guaiane‐type Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from Artemisia zhongdianensis and Antihepatoma Carcinoma Activity via the p38MAPK Pathway
Authors: Dong Wei , Ma Wen‐Jing , Ma Yun‐Bao , Li Feng‐Jiao , Li Tian‐Ze , Wang Yong‐Cui , He Xiao‐Feng , Geng Chang‐An , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Chen Ji‐Jun
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

17 new guaiane‐type sesquiterpenoid dimers (GSDs), artemzhongdianolides B1—B17 (1—17), were isolated from Artemisia zhongdianensis under the guidance of bioassay, and elucidated by spectral analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, IR, ECD). The absolute configuration of compounds 1, 3, 7, 9, 10, and 13 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Structurally, artemzhongdianolides B1 (1) and B2 (2) were the first example of the GSDs fused via a C‐13/C‐13' single bond, and artemzhongdianolides B3—B17 were [4 + 2] Diels–Alder adducts of two monomeric guaianolides. Most of the compounds showed antihepatoma cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 9.9 to 170.1 μmol/L. Importantly, artemzhongdianolide B9 (9) was the most active one against three hepatoma cell lines with IC50 values of 13.1 μmol/L (HepG2), 19.5 μmol/L (Huh7), and 19.5 μmol/L (SK‐Hep‐1), and dose‐dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion, induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Compound 9 might suppress HepG2 cells via affecting the p38MAPK signaling pathway suggested by machine learning approach, and significantly upregulated expression of phosphorylated p38 validated by Western blot assay.
Safety of loncastuximab tesirine‐lpyl in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with severe hepatic dysfunction
Authors: Baek Grace T. , Huang Ivan J. , Gopal Ajay K.
Published: May 2023

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with a high rate of disease relapse despite the achievement of clinical responses to frontline chemoimmunotherapy treatments. Loncastuximab tesirine‐lpyl is a novel anti‐CD19 antibody conjugated to an alkylating pyrrolobenzodiazepine agent (SG3199), and it has been approved for relapsed/refractory (r/r) DLBCL. Baseline moderate to severe hepatic impairment has an unclear impact on the safety of loncastuximab tesirine‐lpyl, and there is a lack of clear guidance on dose adjustment from the manufacturer. The authors present two cases of r/r DLBCL safely treated with full‐dose loncastuximab tesirine‐lpyl in the setting of severe hepatic dysfunction.
Diagnostic follow‐up of indeterminate pulmonary nodules in the Medicare population
Authors: Pinsky Paul F. , Osarogiagbon Raymond
Published: May 2023

Background

Management of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) is associated with redistribution of lung cancer to earlier stages, but most subjects with IPNs do not have lung cancer. The burden of IPN management in Medicare recipients was assessed.

Methods

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare data were analyzed for IPNs, diagnostic procedures, and lung cancer status. IPNs were defined as chest computed tomography (CT) scans with accompanying International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes of 793.11 (ICD‐9) or R91.1 (ICD‐10). Two cohorts were defined: persons with IPNs during 2014–2017 comprised the IPN cohort, whereas those with chest CT scans without IPNs during 2014–2017 comprised the control cohort. Excess rates of various procedures due to reported IPNs over 2 years of follow‐up (chest CT, positron emission tomography [PET]/PET‐CT, bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, and surgical procedures) were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models comparing the cohorts adjusted for covariates. Prior data on stage redistribution associated with IPN management were then used to define a metric of excess procedures per late‐stage case avoided.

Results

Totals of 19,009 and 60,985 subjects were included in the IPN and control cohorts, respectively; 3.6% and 0.8% had lung cancer during follow‐up. Excess procedures per 100 persons with IPNs over a 2‐year follow‐up were 63, 8.2, 1.4, 1.9, and 0.9 for chest CT, PET/PET‐CT, bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, and surgery, respectively. Corresponding excess procedures per late‐stage case avoided were 48, 6.3, 1.1, 1.5, and 0.7 based on an estimated 1.3 late‐stage cases avoided per 100 IPN cohort subjects.

Conclusions

The metric of excess procedures per late‐stage case avoided can be used to measure the benefits‐to‐harms tradeoff of IPN management.
Multimodal assessment of adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A controlled virtual seminar room study
Authors: Wiebe Annika , Aslan Behrem , Brockmann Charlotte , Lepartz Alexandra , Dudek Dominika , Kannen Kyra , Selaskowski Benjamin , Lux Silke , Ettinger Ulrich , Philipsen Alexandra , Braun Niclas
Published: May 2023

In the assessment of adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, the diagnostic value of neuropsychological testing is limited. Partly, this is due to the rather low ecological validity of traditional neuropsychological tests, which usually present abstract stimuli on a computer screen. A potential remedy for this shortcoming might be the use of virtual reality (VR), which enables a more realistic and complex, yet still standardized test environment. The present study investigates a new VR‐based multimodal assessment tool for adult ADHD, the virtual seminar room (VSR). Twenty‐five unmedicated ADHD patients, 25 medicated ADHD patients, and 25 healthy controls underwent a virtual continuous performance task (CPT) in the VSR with concurrent visual, auditive, and audiovisual distractions. Simultaneously, head movements (actigraphy), gaze behaviour (eye tracking), subjective experience, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were recorded. Significant differences between unmedicated patients with ADHD and healthy controls were found in CPT performance, head actigraphy, distractor gaze behaviour, and subjective experience. Moreover, CPT performance parameters demonstrated potential utility for assessing medication effects within the ADHD population. No group differences were found in the Theta‐Beta‐Ratio (EEG) or dorsolateral‐prefrontal oxy‐haemoglobin (fNIRS). Overall, the results are very promising regarding the potential of the VSR as an assessment tool for adult ADHD. In particular, the combined assessment of CPT, actigraphy, and eye tracking parameters appears to be a valid approach to more accurately capture the heterogeneous symptom presentation of the disorder.
The Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Human Rectus Sheath Fibroblasts
Authors: Whitehead‐Clarke Thomas , Grillo Alessandra , Mudera Vivek , Kureshi Alvena
Published: May 2023

The vast majority of pelvic and intra‐abdominal surgery is undertaken through at least one incision, through either the linea alba or the rectus sheath. These connective tissue layers are formed from the aponeuroses of the rectus muscles (anterior and posterior rectus sheath) and are vital for the structural integrity of the abdominal wall. Poor healing of these connective tissues after surgery can lead to significant morbidity for patients, who can develop unsightly and painful incisional hernias.

Fibroblasts within the rectus sheath are responsible for laying down and remodeling collagen during the healing process after surgery. Despite their importance for this healing process, such cells have not been studied in vitro. In order to carry out such work, researchers must first be able to isolate these cells from human tissue and culture them successfully so they may be used for experimentation.

This article provides an extensive and detailed protocol for the isolation, culture, cryopreservation, and thawing of human rectus sheath fibroblasts (RSFs). In our hands, this protocol develops confluent cultures of primary fibroblasts within 2 weeks, and sufficient cultures ready for freezing and storage after a further 2 to 4 weeks. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Collagenase digestion of human rectus sheath and isolation of RSFs

Alternate Protocol: Collagenase digestion of human rectus sheath and isolation of RSFs, digestion in flask

Support Protocol: Cryopreservation and thawing of human RSFs
Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal
Authors: Türck Julian , Schmitt Fabian , Anthofer Lukas , Türck Ralf , Ruck Wolfgang , Krahl Jürgen
Published: May 2023

The energy crisis and dependence on fossil fuels forces societies to develop alternative pathways to secure energy supplies. Therefore, non‐fossil fuels such as biofuels and e‐fuels can help counteract the resulting demand for existing combustion engines. However, biofuels, like biodiesel, have disadvantages in terms of oxidation stability. In general, aging of biodiesel is a complex mechanism due to interaction of various components. In order to develop an ideal fuel, the mechanism must be understood in full detail. In this work, an attempt is made to simplify the system by using methyl oleate as a biodiesel model component. In addition, other fuel components of interest such as alcohols and their respective acids help to clarify the aging mechanism. This work used isopropylidene glycerol (solketal) as the main alcohol, 1‐octanol and octanoic acid. A holistic biodiesel aging scheme was developed by using generated data and evaluating the role of acids. They epoxidize unsaturated fatty acid via Prileschajev reactions. In addition, the role of epoxides in oligomerization reactions is confirmed. Moreover, the alcohols show that the suppression of oligomerization can be achieved by the reaction with methyl oleate. The alcohol‐dependent aging products were determined by quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass spectrometry.
A novel chain‐based clustering for green communication in wireless sensor network
Authors: Yadav Suman Avdhesh , Poongodi T.
Published: May 2023

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) creates a high requirement for data collected through wireless sensor networks (WSNs), resulting in a lot of emphasis on WSN data collecting in recent decades. However, the resource‐constrained nature of sensor devices exerts heavy constraints for acquiring the optimal network performance. To resolve this concern, this paper proposes the Chain‐based Energy‐Efficient Clustering (CBEEC) Routing Protocol that considers nodes of two heterogeneous levels of energy (normal level and advanced level). The number of advanced nodes in CBEEC is analytically determined and hence are analytically allocated. However, normal nodes are stochastically deployed in the vicinity of advanced nodes. The data transmission is performed among the advanced nodes in the form of chain and from there it is forwarded to base station (BS). Consequently, it preserves immense amount of energy for the network. The performance of CBEEC is empirically investigated with benchmarks of different performance metrics and simulation outcomes showing that the CBEEC outperforms state‐of‐the‐art routing protocols.
Energy‐efficient resource allocation model for device‐to‐device communication in 5G wireless personal area networks
Authors: Logeshwaran Jaganathan , Shanmugasundaram Nallasamy , Lloret Jaime
Published: May 2023

In general, there are several many devices that can overload the network and reduce performance. Devices can minimize interference and optimize bandwidth usage by using directional antennas and by avoiding overlapping communication ranges. In addition, devices need to carefully manage their use of resources, such as bandwidth and energy. Bandwidth is limited in wireless personal area networks (WPANs), so devices need to carefully select which data to send and receive. In this paper, an intelligent performance analysis of energy‐efficient resource optimization model has been proposed for device‐to‐device (D2D) communication in fifth‐generation (5G) WPAN. The proposed energy‐efficient resource allocation in D2D communication is important because it helps reduce energy consumption and extend the lifespan of devices that are communicating with each other. By allocating resources in an efficient manner, communication between two devices can be optimized for maximum efficiency. This helps reduce the amount of energy needed to power the communication, as well as the amount of energy needed to power the device that is communicating with another device. Additionally, efficient resource allocation helps reduce the overall cost of communication, as the use of fewer resources results in a lower overall cost. The proposed efficient resource allocation helps reduce the environmental impact of communication, as less energy is used for communication. The proposed energy‐efficient resource allocation model (EERAM) has reached 92.97% of energy allocation, 88.72% of power allocation, 87.79% of bandwidth allocation, 87.93% of spectrum allocation, 88.43% of channel allocation, 25.47% of end‐to‐end delay, 94.33% of network data speed, and 90.99% of network throughput.
Aliens in the thyroid gland: The secondary lesions
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Sancheti Sankalp , Somal Puneet , Ballari Nagarjun , Sood Sahil , Dwivedi Ankur , Rathore Deepander Singh , Singla Anshul , Sali Akash
Published: May 2023

Background

A secondary lesion in the thyroid gland is a rare clinical scenario diagnosed preoperatively during the evaluation of a neck mass, postoperatively in a thyroidectomy specimen or in autopsy studies. Even though the thyroid gland is highly vascular, secondary malignant lesions are rare accounting for 0.2% of all thyroid malignancies. Thyroid gland secondary lesions are often metachronous in presentation as they are seldom evaluated in the initial diagnostic workup of the primary lesion. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful modality for the diagnosis of secondary thyroid lesions.

Materials and Methods

A 6‐year retrospective review (2016–2021) was carried out to assess the secondary lesions in the thyroid gland. Papanicolaou and field‐stained FNAC smears of secondary thyroid lesions were reviewed. Ancillary techniques were performed on the cell block for differentiating from the primary thyroid gland lesions.

Results

There were 383 patients in our archives. There were only 18 cases (4.7%) that presented with secondary neoplastic lesions in the thyroid gland either by direct extension, metastases or as a hematolymphoid malignancy. There were 14 (77.7%) cases that presented with non‐hematolymphoid secondary lesions while 4 (22.3%) cases presented with hematolymphoid malignancies. Thyroid secondaries were predominantly seen in female patients (female: male ratio of 1.5:1). Most of the cases presented with a synchronous secondary lesion (n = 14, 77.7%) and few metachronous secondary lesions were also noted (n = 4, 22.3%).

Conclusion

Although exceedingly rare, the detection of secondary thyroid gland lesions is important for staging and planning treatment.
The succession of gut microbiota in the concave‐eared torrent frog (Odorrana tormota) throughout developmental history
Authors: Shi Qingkai , Li Yue , Deng Shuaitao , Zhang Huijuan , Jiang Huiling , Shen Liang , Pan Tao , Hong Pei , Wu Hailong , Shu Yilin
Published: May 2023

The gut microbiota of amphibians plays a crucial role in maintaining health and adapting to various developmental stages. The composition of gut microbial community is influenced by the phylogeny, habitat, diet, and developmental stage of the host. The present study analyzed the microbiota in the intestine of O. tormota at 11 developmental stages (from the tadpole at Gosner stage 24 to the 3‐year‐old adult) using high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity index analysis of the microbiota revealed that the index decreased from tadpole at Gosner stage 24 to adult frog stage, remained stable during the adult frog stages, but increased significantly at the early metamorphosis and hibernation preparation stages. The gut microbiota structure is similar in adult frogs but differs significantly in other developmental stages. Furthermore, the dominant phyla of gut microbiota in tadpoles were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, whereas those in adult frogs were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. Host and environmental factors jointly affected the gut microbial diversity and community composition of O. tormota, but developmental stage, feeding habit, and habitat type had a more significant influence. The microbial community in the gut varies with the developmental stage of the host and constantly adapts to the survival requirements of the host. These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary mechanism of amphibian gut microbiota in maintaining health homeostasis and adaptation.
Spatial analysis of the occurrence of the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe based on multiple environmental variables
Authors: Jung Jae‐Min , Byeon Dae‐Hyeon , Lee Dong‐Hyeon , Nam Youngwoo , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Wang‐Hee
Published: May 2023

The western conifer seed bug (WCSB) Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) is a pest insect that causes significant losses of coniferous trees worldwide. In this study, we sought to project the potential distribution of the WCSB based on dual CLIMEX modeling and random forest (RF) analysis to obtain basic data for WCSB monitoring strategies. The CLIMEX model, a semimechanistic niche model that responds to climate‐based environmental parameters, is a species distribution model that focuses on regional climatic suitability. Given that this model can be used to select areas that are likely to reflect the climatically favorable spread of species, which we initially used CLIMEX to evaluate the potential distribution of the WCSB. The RF algorithm was used to predict the potential occurrence of WCSB and to evaluate the relative importance of environmental variables for WCSB occurrence. Using the RF model, land cover was found to be the most important variable for classifying the presence/pseudo‐absence of the WCSB, with an accuracy of 77.1%. Climatic suitability for the WCSB was predicted to be 2.4‐fold higher in Southern Europe than in Western Europe, and the WCSB was predicted to occur primarily near coniferous forests. Given that CLIMEX and RF analyses yielded different prediction results, using the findings of both models may compensate for the shortcomings of these models when used independently. Consequently, to ensure greater prediction reliability, we believe that it would be beneficial to base predictions on the combined potential distribution data obtained using both modeling approaches.
Using diatom indices to estimate the ecological status of minimally disturbed rivers of the Sakarya River Basin (Türkiye)
Authors: Sevindik Tuğba Ongun , Çetin Tolga , Güzel Uğur , Tunca Hatice , Tekbaba Ayşe Gül
Published: May 2023

In order to determine the ecological status of surface waters of different types in a particular ecoregion, the reference conditions for each type should be identified to compare with observed conditions, as suggested by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). In this study, 36 candidate reference river sites of the Sakarya Basin (Türkiye) were sampled three times in 2018, and the biological assessment of these sites was evaluated using 18 different diatom indices. In addition, nine different environmental variables were also sampled combined with epilithic diatoms. Based on the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), alkalinity and pH were determined as the most significant environmental variables for diatom assemblages. Among the diatom indices, Biological Diatom Index (IBD), Artois‐Picardie Diatom Index (IDAP), Descy's Index (DES) and Sládeček's Index (SLA) showed significant correlations with alkalinity and pH according to multiple linear regression (MLR) results. IBD index showed the highest response to the pressures and indicated high or good ecological status of the sampling sites. Moreover, rivers with high water quality status have a high correlation with alkalinity, pH and pollution‐sensitive species. On the other hand, good water quality rivers were highly correlated with total phosphorus and intermediate pollution‐sensitive or pollution‐tolerant species. The 13 reference sites established in this study can be used to assess the ecological status by comparison with the same types of river bodies for further studies in the basins of Türkiye.
Experimental study on rocking blocks subjected to bidirectional ground and floor motions via shaking table tests
Authors: Liu Pei , Zhang Yuan‐Ming , Chen Hao‐Tian , Yang Wei‐Guo
Published: May 2023

To provide an insight for reliable seismic risk assessment of small building contents, the rocking response of freestanding wooden blocks subjected to 11 bidirectional horizontal ground motion records scaled to various intensity levels is investigated via shaking table tests. Three prisms and three cylinders with slenderness ratios of 2, 3 and 4, and three prisms having the same slenderness ratio of 3 but different size parameters of 158 mm, 237 mm and 316 mm, are considered. The peak ground acceleration statistics corresponding to rocking and overturning of the blocks are obtained. Shaking table tests to investigate the rocking response of the prisms located on different floors of a full‐scale three‐story reinforced concrete frame structure were also conducted. Experimental fragility curves corresponding to rocking and overturning occurrence of the blocks are finally generated. The experimental results highlight that the minimum rocking accelerations are different for the prisms with the same slenderness ratio but different sizes. Moreover, compared with the prism on the ground, the prism on the top floor has significantly higher rocking demand, while the prism on the second floor may have lower rocking demand. Furthermore, the cylinder has higher rocking and overturning fragility than the prism with the same height and width. The rocking and overturning fragility increases as the block becomes slenderer or smaller. The proposed critical rocking acceleration under bidirectional seismic excitation in real conditions is a half of the theoretical one under unidirectional excitation.
Experimental and numerical investigations on seismic behavior of stiffened corrugated steel plate shear walls
Authors: Tong Jingzhong , Wu Ruomin , Wang Lingqi
Published: May 2023

Stiffened corrugated steel plate shear walls (SCSPSWs) are novel seismic‐resistant members used in medium‐ and high‐rise building structures, in which a stiffener system is applied on the corrugated steel plate to restrain its out‐of‐plane buckling deformation. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on the SCSPSW. Using a four‐bar linkage loading device, seven specimens were tested under low‐circle cyclic shear loads, including six SCSPSW specimens and one unstiffened corrugated steel plate shear wall (CSPSW) specimen. Five sets of comparisons were established among the seven specimens to study the effects of the sub‐panel aspect ratio, stiffener torsional constraint, plate‐stiffener connection method, bolt layout scheme and bolt strength on the seismic behavior of the SCSPSW. Desirable shear resistance capacities, ductility, and energy‐dissipating capacities were exhibited through the hysteretic curves. The test results confirmed the validity of existing design formulas for the ultimate shear resistance of the SCSPSW. Then, finite element (FE) models were developed and validated against the test results, indicating the accuracy of the models in simulating the seismic behavior of SCSPSWs. Based on the validated FE models, the internal tensile and shear forces of the connecting bolts were obtained. Accordingly, the development law of the bolt internal force was analyzed in detail. A calculation procedure for predicting the bolt internal forces was proposed and proved to be reasonable. Finally, the effect of stiffener strength on shear resistance and post‐buckling behavior of the SCSPSW was investigated numerically. The research results of this study can provide some references for the engineering practice of the SCSPSW.
Improving programme‐led and focused interventions for eating disorders: An experts' consensus statement—A UK perspective
Authors: Davey Emily , Allen Karina , Bennett Sophie D. , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Clarke Tim , Cooper Zafra , Dixon‐Ward Katharina , Dudley Jake , Eisler Ivan , Griffiths Jess , Hill Andrew J. , Micali Nadia , Murphy Rebecca , Picek Ivana , Rea Ros , Schmidt Ulrike , Simic Mima , Tchanturia Kate , Traviss‐Turner Gemma , Treasure Janet , Turner Hannah , Wade Tracey , Waller Glenn , Shafran Roz
Published: May 2023

Objective

Eating disorders are associated with significant illness burden and costs, yet access to evidence‐based care is limited. Greater use of programme‐led and focused interventions that are less resource‐intensive might be part of the solution to this demand‐capacity mismatch.

Method

In October 2022, a group of predominantly UK‐based clinical and academic researchers, charity representatives and people with lived experience convened to consider ways to improve access to, and efficacy of, programme‐led and focused interventions for eating disorders in an attempt to bridge the demand‐capacity gap.

Results

Several key recommendations were made across areas of research, policy, and practice. Of particular importance is the view that programme‐led and focused interventions are suitable for a range of different eating disorder presentations across all ages, providing medical and psychiatric risk are closely monitored. The terminology used for these interventions should be carefully considered, so as not to imply that the treatment is suboptimal.

Conclusions

Programme‐led and focused interventions are a viable option to close the demand‐capacity gap for eating disorder treatment and are particularly needed for children and young people. Work is urgently needed across sectors to evaluate and implement such interventions as a clinical and research priority.
Influence of channel geomorphic units on bedload transport and river morphology during low‐magnitude bed‐forming floods coupled with sediment augmentation
Authors: Mörtl Christian , Schroff Robin , Stähly Severin , De Cesare Giovanni
Published: May 2023

In this study, we map different types of channel geomorphic units in a sediment‐starved, residual‐flow reach before and after an artificial flood. Bedload particles of a previous sediment augmentation measure are tracked with passive integrated transponder tags, and water depth and flow velocity are recorded across 10 cross‐sections. The analysis focuses on the influence of channel geomorphic units on bedload transport and river morphology. Our hypotheses are (i) that during low‐magnitude bed‐forming floods with sediment pulse migration, existing channel geomorphic units influence bedload transport, and more specifically, (ii) that their type influences the retention rate of bedload particles. Furthermore, we hypothesise that (iii) the density of channel geomorphic units is linked to the hydromorphological diversity of a river section. We provide evidence that supports the first two hypotheses and contradicts the third one. We consider our results to be transferable to similarly regulated reaches based on an analysis of site‐specific conditions and alternative explanatory factors. Further research is needed to transfer the results to varying flood and sediment supply conditions in unregulated reaches.
Flame retardancy, combustion, and ceramization behavior of ceramifiable flame‐retardant room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber foam
Authors: Shang Ke , Lin Gui‐De , Jiang Hui‐Jing , Jin Xing , Zhao Jing , Liu Dan , Zhao Bi , Yang Jin‐Jun , Fu Teng , Wang Jun‐Sheng
Published: May 2023

Two types of ceramifiable flame‐retardant room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber foam containing mica power (MP) were prepared by using glass powder (GP) as fluxing agents and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as flame‐retardant agent, respectively. The flame retardant, combustion behavior, and thermal stability of ceramifiable flame‐retardant RTV silicone rubber foams were investigated. The results show that GP is not conducive to the flame retardancy and thermal stability improvement of the foams. On the contrary, MP and ATH can significantly improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability at high temperatures of the foams. The foams with addition of MP and ATH can reach to a high limiting oxygen index value of 35.8 with V‐0 rating in the vertical combustion test, and the total heat release and total smoke production of the foams are 21.0% and 61.7% lower than of the pure RTV silicone rubber foam, respectively. Furthermore, the structural and morphological changes of the foams under different pyrolysis conditions were studied, so as to reveal its ceramifiable mechanism under different fire scenarios. The results show that GP does not promote the formation of more char residue during pyrolysis, but it can greatly lower the ceramifiable temperature, resulting in a superior ceramic phase char residue. The foams including MP and ATH have a high char residue content; nevertheless, a comparatively higher temperature is necessary to create ceramic phase char residue.
The role of different natural organic acids in postharvest fruit quality management and its mechanism
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Jiang Yueming , Zhang Zhengke
Published: May 2023

Fresh fruits have good flavor and high nutritional value, but in the postharvest stage they will age and decay rapidly, so we need to find green postharvest fruit preservatives. And natural organic acids are promising natural fruit preservatives due to their safety and effectiveness. The present work reviews recent applications of natural organic acids in postharvest fruit quality management and discussed its potential biochemical mechanisms. This work indicates that numerous natural organic acids are effective postharvest fruit preservatives, such as oxalic acid, salicylic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, phenolic acid and terpenic acid. Natural organic acid treatments can improve postharvest fruit quality, as reflected by delaying senescence, alleviating chilling injury, controlling disease, and inhibiting browning. And natural organic acid can have multiple benefits on postharvest fruit. Natural organic acids also play a variety of roles in postharvest fruit disease control. In addition, chemical modification and cotreatment of natural organic acids can be performed to improve the efficiency of postharvest fruit preservation applications. The work provides an important reference for postharvest fruit quality management and the development of natural OAs fruit preservatives.
Yeast mannoproteins: Organoleptic modulating functions, mechanisms, and product development trends in winemaking
Authors: Li Siyu , Zhai Hongyue , Ma Wen , Duan Changqing , Yi Lunzhao
Published: May 2023

Mannoproteins (MPs) originate from yeast cells and can play important roles in maintaining wine stability and modulating wine organoleptic properties. Due to their natural presence in wines, MP products are allowed to be used as enological additives in wine industry. To guarantee an appropriate application of these products during winemaking, it is necessary for both researchers and winemakers to understand the mechanisms of MPs as multifunctional organoleptic modulators. This review has introduced the current state of knowledge of the researches focus on the application of different MP products in red wines and also the interactions between MPs and wine sensory active components (polyphenols, aroma compounds) in model wine solutions. We have summarized the possible mechanisms of MPs that affect the color, astringency, and aroma of red wines and the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics and functionalities of MPs. Besides, development trends of MP products are also discussed. It seems that yeast biomass, especially those from non‐Saccharomyces yeasts show good potential in producing large quantities of MPs, an appropriate combination of yeast cultivation and preservation methods with extraction and purification techniques may obtain MPs of ideal production, purity, and functionality in an industrial scale, which should be put more efforts by both scientists and manufacturers in the future.
Microglia modulate TNFα‐mediated synaptic plasticity
Authors: Kleidonas Dimitrios , Kirsch Matthias , Andrieux Geoffroy , Pfeifer Dietmar , Boerries Melanie , Vlachos Andreas
Published: May 2023

The pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) tunes the capacity of neurons to express synaptic plasticity. It remains, however, unclear how TNFα mediates synaptic positive (=change) and negative (=stability) feedback mechanisms. We assessed effects of TNFα on microglia activation and synaptic transmission onto CA1 pyramidal neurons of mouse organotypic entorhino–hippocampal tissue cultures. TNFα mediated changes in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in a concentration‐dependent manner, where low concentration strengthened glutamatergic neurotransmission via synaptic accumulation of GluA1‐only‐containing AMPA receptors and higher concentration increased inhibition. The latter induced the synaptic accumulation of GluA1‐only‐containing AMPA receptors as well. However, activated, pro‐inflammatory microglia mediated a homeostatic adjustment of excitatory synapses, that is, an initial increase in excitatory synaptic strength at 3 h returned to baseline within 24 h, while inhibitory neurotransmission increased. In microglia‐depleted tissue cultures, synaptic strengthening triggered by high levels of TNFα persisted and the impact of TNFα on inhibitory neurotransmission was still observed and dependent on its concentration. These findings underscore the essential role of microglia in TNFα‐mediated synaptic plasticity. They suggest that pro‐inflammatory microglia mediate synaptic homeostasis, that is, negative feedback mechanisms, which may affect the ability of neurons to express further plasticity, thereby emphasizing the importance of microglia as gatekeepers of synaptic change and stability.
Time for Dementia: Quantitative evaluation of a dementia education programme for healthcare students
Authors: Daley Stephanie , Hebditch Molly , Jones Christopher , Bremner Stephen , Feeney Yvonne , Towson Georgia , Wright Juliet , Banerjee Sube
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The future healthcare workforce needs the skills, attitudes, and empathy to better meet the needs of those with dementia. Time for Dementia (TFD) is an educational programme in which healthcare students from a range of professional groups visit a person with dementia and their family carer over a two‐year period. The aim of this study was to evaluate its impact on student attitudes, knowledge and empathy towards dementia.

Methods

Measures of dementia knowledge, attitudes and empathy were administered to healthcare students at five universities in the south of England before and after (24 months) they completed the TFD programme. Data were also collected at equivalent time points for a control group of students who had not taken part in the programme. Outcomes were modelled using multilevel linear regression models.

Results

2,700 intervention group students, and 562 control group students consented to participate. Students undertaking the TFD programme had higher levels of knowledge and positive attitudes at follow‐up compared to equivalent students who did not undertake the programme. Our findings indicate a positive relationship between the number of visits undertaken and increasing dementia knowledge and attitudes. No substantial differences in the development of empathy was observed between groups.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that TFD may be effective across professional training programmes and universities. Further research into the mechanisms of action is needed.
Mortality rates and proximal causes of death in patients with Lewy body dementia versus Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study using secondary care mental health records
Authors: Kershenbaum Anne D. , Price Annabel C. , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Chen Shanquan , Fitzgerald James M. , Lewis Jonathan , Moylett Sinéad , O’Brien John T.
Published: May 2023

Background

Previous studies have shown reduced survival in Lewy body dementia (LBD) compared to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the reasons for this are not known. We identified cause of death categories accounting for the reduced survival in LBD.

Methods

We linked cohorts of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) and AD, with proximal cause of death data. We examined mortality by dementia group and hazard ratios for each death category by dementia group in males and females separately. In a specific focus on the dementia group with the highest mortality rate versus reference, we examined cumulative incidence to identify the main causes of death accounting for the excess deaths.

Results

Hazard ratios for death were higher in PDD and DLB compared to AD, for both males and females. PDD males had the highest hazard ratio for death across the dementia comparison groups (HR 2.7, 95% CI 2.2–3.3). Compared with AD, hazard ratios for “nervous system” causes of death were significantly elevated in all LBD groups. Additional significant cause‐of‐death categories included aspiration pneumonia, genitourinary causes, other respiratory causes, circulatory and a “symptoms and signs” category in PDD males; other respiratory causes in DLB males; mental disorders in PDD females; and aspiration pneumonia, genitourinary and other respiratory causes in DLB females.

Conclusion

Further research and cohort development is required to investigate differences by age group, to extend cohort follow‐up to the whole population and to investigate the risk‐balance of interventions which may differ by dementia group.
[18F]‐FDG PET radiomic model as prognostic biomarker in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Travaini Laura Lavinia , Botta Francesca , Derenzini Enrico , Lo Presti Giuliana , Ferrari Mahila Esmeralda , Airò Farulla Lighea Simona , Radice Tommaso , Mazzara Saveria , Tarella Corrado , Pileri Stefano , Raimondi Sara , Ceci Francesco
Published: May 2023

To evaluate the association between radiomic features (RFs) extracted from 18F‐FDG PET/CT (18F‐FDG‐PET) with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in diffuse large‐B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients eligible to first‐line chemotherapy. DLBCL patients who underwent 18F‐FDG‐PET prior to first‐line chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. RFs were extracted from the lesion showing the highest uptake. A radiomic score to predict PFS and OS was obtained by multivariable Elastic Net Cox model. Radiomic univariate model, clinical and combined clinical‐radiomic multivariable models to predict PFS and OS were obtained. 112 patients were analyzed. Median follow‐up was 34.7 months (Inter‐Quartile Range (IQR) 11.3–66.3 months) for PFS and 41.1 (IQR 18.4–68.9) for OS. Radiomic score resulted associated with PFS and OS (p < 0.001), outperforming conventional PET parameters. C‐index (95% CI) for PFS prediction were 0.67 (0.58–0.76), 0.81 (0.75–0.88) and 0.84 (0.77–0.91) for clinical, radiomic and combined clinical‐radiomic model, respectively. C‐index for OS were 0.77 (0.66–0.89), 0.84 (0.76–0.91) and 0.90 (0.81–0.98). In the Kaplan‐Meier analysis (low‐IPI vs. high‐IPI), the radiomic score was significant predictor of PFS (p < 0.001). The radiomic score was an independent prognostic biomarker of survival in DLBCL patients. The extraction of RFs from baseline 18F‐FDG‐PET might be proposed in DLBCL to stratify high‐risk versus low‐risk patients of relapse after first‐line therapy, especially in low‐IPI patients.
“Health in All Policies” in Norwegian municipalities—Dilemmas and lack of legitimacy and capacity
Authors: Amdam Roar
Published: May 2023

According to the Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach, public health work in Norway is regarded as a multi‐actor collaboration based on planning and partnership for the purpose of enabling people to increase their control over their health and its determinants. HiAP builds largely on the governance and communicative turn in the public sector and thus exists in the shadow of a vertical government structure with sectors, silos and a chain of command. In practice, HiAP challenges the established way of thinking and acting in the silos and tries to create a more holistic understanding and handling of problems and needs. In order to successfully involve different sectors and government levels in this work, HiAP requires strong democratic legitimacy and institutional capacity. In this article, we discuss the empirical research data on the HiAP approach in Norway within the context of theory on collaborative planning processes and legitimising political capacity to act. Our research question is whether the HiAP approach in Norwegian municipalities have sufficient democratic legitimacy and institutional capacity to achieve the purpose of public health work. In general, we find that HIAP as practised in Norwegian municipalities does not function as a complete political legitimising and capacity building process. The practice contains several dilemmas, and there is a need to distinguish between different forms of legitimacy and capacity.
Effects of the aroma of lemone verbena (Aloysia citriodoraPaláu) essential oil on anxiety and the hemodynamic profile before cesarean section: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Haryalchi Katayoun , Kazemi Aski Soudabeh , Mansour Ghanaie Mandana , Fotouhi Masoumeh , Mansoori Roghayeh , Sadraei Seyed Mahdi , Yaghobi Yasaman , Olangian‐Tehrani Sepehr
Published: May 2023

Background

Aromatherapy is a noninvasive method used for alleviating anxiety. Lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodoraPaláu, LV) has been frequently used in traditional medicine as an anxiolytic agent due to its pharmacological ingredients.

Objective

This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of inhaling essential oil of LV on the level of anxiety and subsequent hemodynamic changes before cesarean section.

Methods

The recent study was a randomized single‐blind trial. Participants (n = 84) were randomly divided into two groups: LV essential oil (group A) and placebo (group B). The intervention group underwent aromatherapy using three drops of LV essential oil at a distance of 10 cm for 30 min. The placebo group received aromatherapy in a similar fashion. The State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger questionnaire was administered before and 5 min after aroma inhalation. Vital signs were recorded before and after aromatherapy. Likewise, pain severity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale and vital signs were recorded. Data were analyzed usingt‐test,χ2, and the Kolmogrov–Smirnov test through SPSS21 software.

Results

Anxiety level was significantly attenuated in group A after aromatherapy. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure decreased after inhalation; but no significant variation of pain scores was observed after inhalation in both groups.

Conclusion

We concluded that LV decreased preoperative anxiety in this recent study, therefore, aromatherapy with LV essential oil as a preemptive adjuvant to relieve anxiety before cesarean section is recommended by us; although more studies are required to endorse the results.
Is sleep longitudinally related to children's achievement, executive function and classroom behaviour?
Authors: Woods Adrienne D. , Jiao June L. , Morgan Paul L. , Buxton Orfeu M.
Published: May 2023

In this registered report, we evaluated how sleep is related to school functioning. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3002), we evaluated a series of structural equation models evaluating whether sleep at age 5 has a direct or indirect effect on academic achievement, executive function and classroom behaviour at age 9, and whether this relation is moderated by race or ethnicity, poverty, maternal education or disability. We found that sleep duration (but not other aspects of sleep health) had a direct, linear relation to attention problems, acting‐out behaviours and executive functions, as well as an indirect effect on academic achievement through executive functions. We also found that this model was moderated by disability, poverty, maternal education and race or ethnicity. Our results suggest that experiencing insufficient amounts of sleep may have a disproportionately negative effect on children with disabilities or children whose mothers received less education. Initiatives to promote healthy sleep habits, including increasing sleep duration among these groups, may thus also indirectly raise measures of achievement.
Impact of a previous late miscarriage on subsequent pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective cohort study over 10 years
Authors: Yang Linlin , Ni Tianxiang , Huang Yumei , Yan Yueyue , Xia Mingdi , Zhou Wei , Zhang Qian , Yan Junhao
Published: May 2023

Objective

To explore the prognostic impact of a previous late miscarriage (LM) on the subsequent pregnancy outcomes of women with infertility.

Method

This retrospective cohort study included couples who had experienced LM following their first embryo transfer during an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle from January 2008 to December 2020. Subgroup analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to evaluate the associations between LM due to different causes and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Results

A total of 1072 women who had experienced LM were included in this study, comprising 458, 146, 412, and 56 women with LM due to unexplained factors (unLM), fetal factors (feLM), cervical factors (ceLM; i.e. cervical incompetence), and trauma factors (trLM), respectively. Compared with the general IVF (gIVF) population, the early miscarriage rate was significantly higher in the unLM group (8.28% vs. 13.47%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12–2.28; P = 0.01). Furthermore, women in the unLM and ceLM groups had a dramatically increased risk of recurrent LM (unLM: 4.24% vs. 9.43%, aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.24–2.94; P = 0.003; ceLM: 4.24% vs.15.53%, aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.82–3.95; P < 0.001) and consequently a reduced frequency of live birth (unLM: 49.96% vs. 43.01%, aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.91; P = 0.004; ceLM: 49.96% vs. 38.59%, aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.49–0.77; P < 0.001) compared with the gIVF population.

Conclusion

A previous LM due to an unexplained factor or cervical incompetence was significantly associated with a higher risk of miscarriage and a lower live birth rate after subsequent embryo transfer.
Homeless people's recovery in Housing First and Traditional Services: The role of working alliance in Italian housing services
Authors: Curiale Chiara , Lenzi Michela , Gaboardi Marta , Marino Claudia , Ronconi Lucia , Demita Silvia , Cosentino Roberta , Disperati Francesca , Santinello Massimo
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate whether a working alliance could represent a potential mechanism that explains the effectiveness of housing services in terms of user recovery, comparing the Housing First (HF) model with Traditional Services (TS). This study included 59 homeless service users in Italy (29 = HF; 30 = TS). Recovery was assessed upon entering the study (T0) and after 10 months (T1). Results indicate that participants inserted in HF services were more likely to report stronger working alliances with social service providers at T0 that, in turn, was directly associated with higher levels of users' recovery at the beginning of the study and indirectly (through recovery at T0) with recovery at T1. Implications of the results are discussed with respect to research and practice on homeless services.