Linking Malaria and Hypertension: Unveiling the Interconnected Pathophysiological Nexus
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ukibe Nkiruka R , Alex Joseph Chukwudi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Osakue N.O. ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ukibe Ezinne G. ,   Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria., Ukibe Blessing C. ,   Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria., Ukibe Victory Ezennia ,   Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria., Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: January 2024

Malaria, a devastating infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, has long been recognized for its direct impact on global health. Recent studies have unveiled a potential connection between malaria infection and the development of hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular disorder worldwide. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these seemingly disparate conditions is crucial for comprehensive disease management and prevention. The pathogenesis of malaria involves complex interactions between the parasite and the host immune system, resulting in systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and organ damage. Chronic exposure to Plasmodium infection induces alterations in vascular function, hemodynamics, and immune responses, potentially contributing to the development of hypertension. Several proposed mechanisms underscore the link between malaria and hypertension, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These mechanisms intertwine to disturb vascular homeostasis, leading to increased peripheral resistance and elevated blood pressure. Furthermore, the longterm consequences of repeated malaria episodes, especially in endemic regions, may potentiate vascular remodeling and contribute to the onset or exacerbation of hypertension in affected individuals. Genetic predispositions and environmental factors also play pivotal roles in modulating susceptibility to both malaria and hypertension. Recognition of this intricate association between malaria and hypertension prompts the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches encompassing effective malaria control strategies, early detection, and management of hypertension in endemic regions. Targeted interventions addressing common pathways, such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, may offer potential therapeutic avenues. Keywords: Malaria, Hypertension, Pathophysiology, Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Plasmodium Parasites, Cardiovascular Disorders, Immune Response, Vascular Remodeling, Global Health.