bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definition and time course of pericavity edema after minimally invasive endoscopic intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation
Authors: Horowitz Maxwell E , Ali Muhammad , Chartrain Alexander G , Allen Olivia S , Scaggiante Jacopo , Glassberg Brittany , Sakai Yu , Turkheimer Lena , Song Rui , Martini Michael L , Zhang Xiangnan , Mocco J , Kellner Christopher P
Published: March 2021

Background

Perihematomal edema (PHE) volume correlates with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume and is associated with functional outcome. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for ICH decreases clot burden and PHE. MIS may therefore alter the time course of PHE, mitigating a critical source of secondary injury.

Objective

To describe a new method for the quantitative measurement of cerebral edema surrounding the evacuated hematoma cavity, termed pericavity edema (PCE), and obtain details of its time course following MIS for ICH.

Methods

The study included 48 consecutive patients presenting with ICH who underwent MIS evacuation. Preoperative and postoperative CT scans were assessed by two independent raters. Hematoma, edema, cavity, and pneumocephalus volumes were calculated using semi-automatic, threshold-guided volume segmentation software (AnalyzePro). Follow-up CT scans at variable delayed time points were available for 36 patients and were used to describe the time course of PCE.

Results

Mean preoperative, postoperative, and delayed PCE were 21.0 mL (SD 15.5), 18.6 mL (SD 11.4), and 18.4 mL (SD 15.5), respectively. The percentage of ICH evacuated correlated significantly with a decrease in postoperative PCE (r=−0.46, p<0.01). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant relation between preoperative hematoma volume and both postoperative PCE (p<0.001) and postoperative relative PCE (p<0.001). The mean peak PCE was 26.4 mL (SD 15.6) and occurred at 6.5 days (SD 4.8) post-ictus. The 2-week postoperative time course of relative PCE did not fluctuate, suggesting stability in edema during the perioperative period surrounding evacuation and up to 2 weeks after the initial bleed.

Conclusions

We present a detailed and accurate method for measuring PCE volume with semi-automatic, threshold-guided segmentation software in the postoperative patient with ICH. Decrease in PCE after MIS evacuation correlated with evacuation percentage, and relative PCE remained stable after minimally invasive endoscopic ICH evacuation.
Pivotal trial of the Neuroform Atlas stent for treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms: one-year outcomes
Authors: Jankowitz Brian T , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Gross Bradley , Jovin Tudor G , Alhajeri Abdulnasser A , Fraser Justin F , Hanel Ricardo A , Sauvageau Eric , Aghaebrahim Amin , Frei Donald , Bellon Richard , Loy David , Puri Ajit S , Malek Adel M , Thomas Ajith , Toth Gabor , Lopes Demetrius Klee , Crowley R Webster , Arthur Adam S , Reavey-Cantwell John , Lin Eugene , Siddiqui Adnan H , Alexander Michael J , Khaldi Ahmad , Colby Geoffrey P , Caplan Justin M , Satti Sudhakar R , Turk Aquilla S , Spiotta Alejandro M , Klucznik Richard , Hallam Danial K , Kung David , Froehler Michael T , Callison R Charles , Kan Peter , Hetts Steven W , Zaidat Osama O
Published: March 2021

Background

Stent-assisted coiling of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms (IAs) using the Neuroform Atlas Stent System (Atlas) has shown promising results.

Objective

To present the primary efficacy and safety results of the ATLAS Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) trial in a cohort of patients with posterior circulation IAs.

Methods

The ATLAS trial is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study of unruptured, wide-necked, IAs treated with the Atlas stent and adjunctive coiling. This study reports the results of patients with posterior circulation IAs. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete aneurysm occlusion (Raymond-Roy (RR) class I) on 12-month angiography, in the absence of re-treatment or parent artery stenosis >50%. The primary safety endpoint was any major ipsilateral stroke or neurological death within 12 months. Adjudication of the primary endpoints was performed by an imaging core laboratory and a Clinical Events Committee.

Results

The ATLAS trial enrolled and treated 116 patients at 25 medical centers with unruptured, wide-necked, posterior circulation IAs (mean age 60.2±10.5 years, 81.0% (94/116) female). Stents were placed in all patients with 100% technical success rate. A total of 95/116 (81.9%) patients had complete angiographic follow-up at 12 months, of whom 81 (85.3%) had complete aneurysm occlusion (RR class I). The primary effectiveness outcome was achieved in 76.7% (95% CI 67.0% to 86.5%) of patients. Overall, major ipsilateral stroke and secondary persistent neurological deficit occurred in 4.3% (5/116) and 1.7% (2/116) of patients, respectively.

Conclusions

In the ATLAS IDE posterior circulation cohort, the Neuroform Atlas Stent System with adjunctive coiling demonstrated high rates of technical and safety performance.

Trial registration numberhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02340585.
Social media usage for neurointerventionalists: report of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Standards and Guidelines Committee
Authors: Fargen Kyle M , Lee Seon-Kyu , Mokin Maxim , Kayan Yasha , De Leacy Reade , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Ansari Sameer A , Haranhalli Neil , Prestigiacomo Charles J , Schirmer Clemens M , Fraser Justin F , Hetts Steven W ,   SNIS Standards and Guidelines Committee
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this publication is to provide a review of social media usage by neurointerventionalists. Using published literature and available local, regional, and national guidelines or laws, we reviewed data on social media usage as it pertains to neurointerventional surgery. Recommendations are provided based on the quality of information and conformity of medico-legal precedent and law. Social media is a growing entity as it is used both promotionally and educationally. Neurointerventionalists may post de-identified radiographic images with discussions, but should be conscientious and adhere to applicable laws and regulations, strict ethical codes, and institutional policies.
COVID-19 and its impact on the cardiovascular system
Authors: Khawaja Saud Ahmed , Mohan Poornima , Jabbour Richard , Bampouri Theodora , Bowsher Gemma , Hassan Ahmed M M , Huq Farhan , Baghdasaryan Lilit , Wang Brian , Sethi Amarjit , Sen Sayan , Petraco Ricardo , Ruparelia Neil , Nijjer Sukhjinder , Malik Iqbal , Foale Rodney , Bellamy Michael , Kooner Jaspal , Rana Bushra , Cole Graham , Sutaria Nilesh , Kanaganayagam Gajen , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Fox Kevin , Plymen Carla , Pabari Punam , Howard Luke , Davies Rachel , Haji Gulammehdi , Lo Giudice Francesco , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Anderson Jon , Chukwuemeka Andrew , Khamis Ramzi , Varnava Amanda , Baker Christopher S R , Francis Darrel Parthipan , Asaria Perviz , Al-Lamee Rasha , Mikhail Ghada W
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 has varied across countries with varying cardiovascular manifestations. We review the cardiac presentations, in-hospital outcomes and development of cardiovascular complications in the initial cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, UK.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 498 COVID-19 positive adult admissions to our institute from 7 March to 7 April 2020. Patient data were collected for baseline demographics, comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes, especially relating to cardiovascular intervention.

Results

Mean age was 67.4±16.1 years and 62.2% (n=310) were male. 64.1% (n=319) of our cohort had underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) with 53.4% (n=266) having hypertension. 43.2%(n=215) developed acute myocardial injury. Mortality was significantly increased in those patients with myocardial injury (47.4% vs 18.4%, p<0.001). Only four COVID-19 patients had invasive coronary angiography, two underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and one required a permanent pacemaker implantation. 7.0% (n=35) of patients had an inpatient echocardiogram. Acute myocardial injury (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.40, p=0.005) and history of hypertension (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.55, p=0.049) approximately doubled the odds of in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19 after other variables had been controlled for.

Conclusion

Hypertension, pre-existing CVD and acute myocardial injury were associated with increased in-hospital mortality in our cohort of COVID-19 patients. However, only a low number of patients required invasive cardiac intervention.
Association of early versus delayed normalisation of left ventricular ejection fraction with mortality in ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Schiffer Walter B , Perry Andrew , Deych Elena , Brown David L , Adamo Luigi
Published: March 2021

Objective

In patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), normalisation of LVEF is associated with improved outcomes. However, data on patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and recovered LVEF are lacking. The goal of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of normalisation of the LVEF in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods/Results

We performed a non-prespecified post hoc analysis of the Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial to determine the association between normalisation of LVEF (>50%) and mortality during follow-up. Of the 1212 patients with LVEF <35% enroled in the STICH trial, 932 underwent assessment of LVEF at 4 months and/or 2 years after enrolment. Among them, 18 patients experienced normalisation in LVEF at 4-month follow-up and 35 patients experienced recovery in LVEF at 2 years. Recovery of LVEF at 4 months and recovery of LVEF at 2 years were not correlated. Recovery of LVEF at 4 months was not associated with reduced all-cause mortality in unadjusted analysis (log-rank test p=0.54) or in Cox proportional hazards analysis (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.80; p=0.82). Ejection fraction recovery at 2 years was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, both in unadjusted analysis (log-rank test p=0.004) and in the Cox proportional hazard model (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.80; p=0.009).

Conclusions

In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, delayed normalisation of LVEF is associated with reduced mortality, whereas early recovery of LVEF is not. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Pleural recurrence after transthoracic needle lung biopsy in stage I lung cancer: a systematic review and individual patient-level meta-analysis
Authors: Hong Hyunsook , Hahn Seokyung , Matsuguma Haruhisa , Inoue Masayoshi , Shintani Yasushi , Honda Osamu , Izumi Yotaro , Asakura Keisuke , Asamura Hisao , Isaka Tetsuya , Lee Kyungjong , Choi Yong Soo , Kim Young Tae , Park Chang Min , Goo Jin Mo , Yoon Soon Ho
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Conflicting results exist regarding whether preoperative transthoracic biopsy increases the risk of pleural recurrence in early lung cancer. We conducted a systematic, patient-level meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of pleural recurrence in stage I lung cancer after percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy.

Methods

A systematic search of OVID-MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed through October 2018. Eligible studies were original articles on the risk of pleural recurrence in stage I lung cancer after transthoracic biopsy. We contacted the corresponding authors of eligible studies to obtain individual patient-level data. We used the Fine-Gray model for time to recurrence and lung cancer-specific survival and a Cox proportional hazards model for overall survival.

Results

We analysed 2394 individual patient data from 6 out of 10 eligible studies. Compared with other diagnostic procedures, transthoracic biopsy was associated with a higher risk for ipsilateral pleural recurrence, which manifested solely (subdistribution HR (sHR), 2.58; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.78) and concomitantly with other metastases (sHR 1.99; 95% CI 1.14 to 3.48). In the analysis of secondary outcomes considering a significant interaction between diagnostic procedures and age groups, reductions of time to recurrence (sHR, 2.01; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.64), lung cancer-specific survival (sHR 2.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 6.05) and overall survival (HR 2.08; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.87) were observed in patients younger than 55 years, whereas such associations were not observed in other age groups.

Discussion

Preoperative transthoracic lung biopsy was associated with increased pleural recurrence in stage I lung cancer and reduced survival in patients younger than 55 years.
Sustainable, resilient, and reliable urban water systems: making the case for a “one water” approach
Authors: Pokhrel Sarin Raj , Chhipi-Shrestha Gyan , Hewage Kasun , Sadiq Rehan
Published: March 2021

An urban water system (UWS) has three main service components: (i) drinking-water; (ii) waste-water; and (iii) storm-water. Historically, each component in urban water development evolved over time with different objectives for “different” types of water. Even today, the trend continues, as different urban water services are managed in silos. This trend is less sustainable, resilient, and reliable, mainly because of significant pressures on freshwater supplies exerted by the increasing population, demand for high living standards, rapid urbanization, and climate change. To cope with these challenges, the conventional thinking needs to change. This paper identifies a number of significant research gaps related to inter-relationships among various UWS service components. An innovative paradigm, the “one water” approach (OWA), which considers “urban water” as a single entity, is investigated herein. Currently, Australia, the USA, and Singapore are leading the implementation of the OWA, whereas only a few Canadian municipalities have embraced OWA at a very basic level. Among the EU nations, the Netherlands have emphasized the need for integrated water resource management in an urban environment. This review highlights the challenges in adopting the OWA, and also proposes guiding principles in ongoing water management practices. Institutional complexities involving an intricate regulatory structure for different UWS service components, a wider fragmentation in decision making at government levels, and insufficient stakeholder engagement within and between water utilities and other institutions present serious challenges. Various strategies such as, data sharing between water utilities, use of novel technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, sensor technologies), and visionary leadership at different government levels have been identified as key drivers for the adoption and implementation of the OWA. The authors believe that a paradigm shift from “conventional” approach to OWA is needed to increase resiliency and reliability of water services and assist decision-makers of UWSs.
Vaidya geometries and scalar fields with null gradients
Authors: Faraoni Valerio , Giusti Andrea , Fahim Bardia H.
Published: March 2021

Since, in Einstein gravity, a massless scalar field with lightlike gradient behaves as a null dust, one could expect that it can act as the matter source of Vaidya geometries. We show that this is impossible because the Klein–Gordon equation forces the null geodesic congruence tangent to the scalar field gradient to have zero expansion, contradicting a basic property of Vaidya solutions. By contrast, exact plane waves travelling at light speed and sourced by a scalar field acting as a null dust are possible.
The extension method for Bloch branes
Authors: Brito F. A. , Losano L. , Santos J. R. L.
Published: March 2021

The nature of gravity and its strength compared with other forces are fundamental challenges faced by the actual science. A path to understand the hierarchy problem of gravity consists in adding an extra dimension to Einstein–Hilbert’s general relativity. Therefore, gravity would be the only force leaking through this region of space–time also known as brane. Despite the success of the mathematical description for the hierarchy issue through simple thin branes, it is also possible to derive a consistent theory of gravity using thick branes. This work unveils a new procedure to determine analytic hybrid thick braneworld models. The discussions were based on the so-called Bloch branes, which are constructed via a two-field model coupled with gravity in five-dimensional space–time. Both fields used to build the Bloch branes depend only on the extra dimension, and the hybrid branes present internal structure, characterizing them as thick. In this work, we were able to derive new analytic thick brane models by using the extension method. Some of these new branes present a Minkowski space–time immersed inside of the fifth dimension. We showed how the symmetry of the emergent branes can be controlled via specific parameters. We also analyzed the stability conditions for each braneworld family, showing possible stable states for gravitons.
Aggregation of preferences in attitude scales
Authors: Smerchinskaya Svetlana O. , Yashina Nina P.
Published: March 2021

The problem of decision-making when evaluating alternatives according to several quality criteria is considered. Information is used about the pairwise comparison of alternatives by criteria: how many times one alternative is preferable to the other. The criteria may have nonuniform scales. The method to form preferences matrices for representing numerical estimates of alternatives in attitude scales is proposed. The properties of the constructed relation are investigated. The algorithms for constructing the relation with the minimum distance from the preferences by criteria are developed. An algorithm for constructing an aggregated relation based on the summation of preferences by criteria is developed. Aggregate relation depends on the method of specifying the distance between the matrices of preferences. The proposed algorithms for constructing an aggregated relation can use coefficients of importance of criteria. The method can be applied in collective choice problems when assigning estimates to alternatives by experts. A comparison of the proposed algorithms with each other and with known decision-making methods is carried out. The software system of multi-criteria choice is developed. The task of choosing start-up projects for the purpose of investing by a venture fund has been solved.
A Deep Learning–based Approach for Emotions Classification in Big Corpus of Imbalanced Tweets
Authors: Jamal Nasir , Xianqiao Chen , Al-Turjman Fadi , Ullah Farhan
Published: March 2021

Emotions detection in natural languages is very effective in analyzing the user's mood about a concerned product, news, topic, and so on. However, it is really a challenging task to extract important features from a burst of raw social text, as emotions are subjective with limited fuzzy boundaries. These subjective features can be conveyed in various perceptions and terminologies. In this article, we proposed an IoT-based framework for emotions classification of tweets using a hybrid approach of Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) and deep learning model. First, the raw tweets are filtered using the tokenization method for capturing useful features without noisy information. Second, the TFIDF statistical technique is applied to estimate the importance of features locally as well as globally. Third, the Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) class balancing technique is applied to solve the imbalance class issue among different classes of emotions. Finally, a deep learning model is designed to predict the emotions with dynamic epoch curves. The proposed methodology is analyzed on two different Twitter emotions datasets. The dynamic epoch curves are shown to show the behavior of test and train data points. It is proved that this methodology outperformed the popular state-of-the-art methods.
Finding Better Subwords for Tibetan Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Li Yachao , Jiang Jing , Yangji Jia , Ma Ning
Published: March 2021

Subword segmentation plays an important role in Tibetan neural machine translation (NMT). The structure of Tibetan words consists of two levels. First, words consist of a sequence of syllables, and then a syllable consists of a sequence of characters. According to this special word structure, we propose two methods for Tibetan subword segmentation, namely syllable-based and character-based methods. The former generates subwords based on the Tibetan syllables, and the latter is based on Tibetan characters. In addition, we carry out experiments with these two subword segmentation methods on low-resource Tibetan-to-Chinese NMT, respectively. The experimental results show that both of them can improve translation performance, in which the subword segmentation based on character sequences can achieve better results. Overall, our proposed character-based subword segmentation is more simple and effective. Moreover, it can achieve better experimental results without paying much attention to the linguistic features of Tibetan.
Disposable Stochastic Sensor Based on Deposition of a Nanolayer of Silver on Silk for Molecular Recognition of Specific Biomarkers
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Gheorghe Sorin Sebastian , Ilie-Mihai Ruxandra-Maria , Badulescu Marius
Published: March 2021

A cold plasma system was used for Silver nanofilm coating of silk material. The Silver coated material was further modified by soaking in a 10−3 mol l−1 solution of α-cyclodextrin. The modified silk material was served as working electrode for simultaneous molecular recognition of specific biomarkers. CA19-9, CEA and p53 served as model analytes to prove that the disposable stochastic sensor can be used for simultaneous molecular recognition of specific biomarkers. The signatures (toff value) obtained for p53, CEA and CA19-9 were different, proving that the proposed disposable stochastic sensor is selective, and can be used for molecular recognition of these biomarkers in whole blood and tumoral tissue samples.
Study on the GaN/AlGaN Piezotronic Effect Applied in Pressure Sensors
Authors: Wang Ashu , Zeng Lingyan , Wang Wen
Published: March 2021

The GaN piezotronic effect is known as the coupling of its semiconductor and piezoelectric properties. In this work, with FEM simulation we study this effect applied in the piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric pressure sensors. The piezoresistive and capacitive sensing elements which are directly integrated in a single 2

μ
m

thick microcantilever show a gauge factor of 251 and 1600, respectively. The piezoelectric sensing element of 2

μ
m

GaN film anchored at the end of a thick suspended cantilever shows significant output voltage depending on the donor doping concentration in GaN. The capacitive sensing element of a graded AlGaN/GaN heterostructure with linear change of Al mole fraction which is anchored on the thick suspended cantilever shows a gauge factor of 122. This sensing mechanism can be explained that the pressure applied on the cantilever changes the distribution of space piezoelectric polarization charge and further the width of depletion region in the heterostructure.
Review—Recent Advances of Signal Amplified Smart Conjugated Polymers for Optical Detection on Solid Support
Authors: Chen Xi , Hussain Sameer , Hao Yi , Tian Xuemeng , Gao Ruixia
Published: March 2021

Among several detection techniques, fluorescence based optical sensors are regarded as superior owing to distinct features like simplicity, remarkable sensitivity and prompt signal response time. Signal amplification remains most effective strategy to further boost the performance of such sensors. Thanks to the unique light–harvesting and energy transfer properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) which make them as promising and key candidates for achieving proficient sensing through amplified fluorescence signal. Owing to such remarkable properties, past decade has witnessed numerous CPs based optical sensors and devices for monitoring of various species. In this review, we first introduce CPs and highlight their exclusive characteristics. Then, the superiority of CPs over small molecule based sensors has been demonstrated along with thorough discussion on underlying sensing mechanism. Afterwards, it is described how solid state sensing using CPs dominates over solution based sensing in terms of sensitivity. Later on, CP-amplified fluorescence detection of some explosives, pollutants, biomarker etc. on solid support has been summarized by shedding light on some recent representative papers. Finally, the current challenges and future prospective for advancement of the respective research area has been discussed.
The promising future of insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cheng Ran , Taleb Nadine , Stainforth-Dubois Meggie , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi
Published: March 2021

The first therapeutic use of insulin by Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1921 revolutionized the management of type 1 diabetes and considerably changed the lives of many patients with other types of diabetes. In the past 100 years, significant pharmacological advances took place in the field of insulin therapy, bringing closer the goal of optimal glycemic control along with decreased diabetes-related complications. Despite these developments, several challenges remain, such as increasing treatment flexibility, reducing iatrogenic hypoglycemia, and optimizing patient quality of life. Ongoing innovations in insulin therapy (e.g., new insulin analogs, alternative routes of insulin administration, and closed-loop technology) endeavor to overcome these hurdles and change the landscape of diabetes mellitus management. This report highlights recent advances made in the field of insulin therapy and discusses future perspectives.
Angiotensin type 2 receptor activation limits kidney injury during the early phase and induces Treg cells during the late phase of renal ischemia
Authors: Ali Riyasat , Patel Sanket , Hussain Tahir
Published: March 2021

The angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist C21 has been known to have a renoprotective role in various kidney pathologies. C21 treatment (before renal ischemia) attenuated postischemic kidney injury, kidney dysfunction, and immune cell infiltration during the injury phase. Also, C21 treatment modulated the kidney microenvironment by enhancing anti-inflammatory responses mainly mediated by IL-10. During the repair phase, C21 treatment enhanced IL-10-secreting CD4 T cells and FoxP3-secreting regulatory T cells in Sprague–Dawley rats.
Machine-perfused donor kidneys as a source of human renal endothelial cells
Authors: Lammerts Rosa G. M. , Lagendijk Lisanne M. , Tiller Gesa , Dam Wendy A. , Lancaster Harriet L. , Daha Mohamed R. , Seelen Marc A. , Hepkema Bouke G. , Pol Robert A. , Leuvenink Henri G. D. , Molema Grietje , van den Born Jacob , Berger Stefan P.
Published: March 2021

We describe a new and widely accessible approach to obtain human primary renal endothelial cells in a standardized fashion, by isolating from the perfusate of machine-perfused donor kidneys. Characterization of the cells showed a mixed population originating from different compartments of the kidney. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated a possible diagnostic application in an endothelium-specific cross-match. Next to transplantation, we foresee further applications in the field renal endothelial research.
Changes of Blink Reflex in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Xiao Li , Zou Kang , Zhou Duoyan , Ouyang Guilan , Liu Shuixiang , Luo Jun
Published: March 2021

Blink reflex provides an objective assessment of the cranial and central nervous systems. However, the relationships between body mass index, dizziness, and BR have not been explored in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, R2 duration, one of the parameters of the blink reflex, has not been studied to date. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of blink reflex in patients with T2DM. We included 45 healthy subjects and 105 hospitalized patients with T2DM. The relationships between these parameters and sex, age, body mass index, duration of T2DM, hemoglobin A1c, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN), and dizziness symptoms were analyzed. The results showed that blink reflex latencies (including R1, ipsilateral R2, and contralateral R2 latency) were negatively associated with body mass index but were positively correlated with the duration of T2DM. There were no correlations between blink reflex parameters and sex, age, and hemoglobin A1c. Patients with DSPN had longer blink reflex latencies and shorter R2 durations than those without DSPN. Patients with dizziness had longer latencies (including R1, ipsilateral R2, and contralateral R2 latencies) and shorter R2 durations (including ipsilateral R2 and contralateral R2 durations) than those without dizziness. R2 duration was also a predictive factor for blink reflex abnormality. R2 latency was the most sensitive factor and the optimal predictor of dizziness. These results demonstrate that patients with T2DM with low body mass index, longer duration of T2DM, DSPN, and dizziness-related symptoms had more abnormal blink reflex parameters, indicating more serious injuries to the cranial nerves or the central nervous system.
Decay Estimates for a Type of Fuzzy Viscoelastic Integro‐Differential Model
Authors: Zhang Fengyun , Lin Funing , Su Guangwang , Xue Guangming
Published: March 2021

We consider a type of fuzzy viscoelastic integro‐differential model in this paper. With the aid of some appropriate hypotheses, a unified method and the multiplier technique are implemented to get priori estimates precisely without constructing any auxiliary function. By establishing the estimation of energy function, we derive the stability result of the global solution, and we calculate the estimations of energy attenuation in exponential and polynomial forms, respectively.
Early Detection of Seasonal Outbreaks from Twitter Data Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Amin Samina , Uddin Muhammad Irfan , alSaeed Duaa H. , Khan Atif , Adnan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Seasonal outbreaks have several different periods that occur primarily during winter in temperate regions, while influenza may occur throughout the year in tropical regions, triggering outbreaks more irregularly. Similarly, dengue occurs in the star of the rainy season in early May and reaches its peak in late June. Dengue and flu brought an impact on various countries in the years 2017–2019 and streaming Twitter data reveals the status of dengue and flu outbreaks in the most affected regions. This research work presents that Social Media Analysis (SMA) can be used as a detector of the epidemic outbreak and to understand the sentiment of social media users regarding various diseases. Providing awareness about seasonal outbreaks through SMA is an effective approach for researchers and healthcare responders to detect the early outbreaks. The proposed model aims to find the sentiment about the disease in tweets, and the seasonal outbreaks‐related tweets are classified into two classes as disease positive and disease negative. This work proposes a machine‐learning‐based approach to detect dengue and flu outbreaks in social media platform Twitter, using four machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF), K‐Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Decision Tree (DT), with the help of Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency (TF‐IDF). For experimental analysis, two datasets (dengue and flu) are analyzed individually. The experimental results show that the RF classifier has outperformed the comparison models in terms of improved accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐measure, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The proposed work offers favorable performance with total precision, accuracy, recall, and F1‐measure ranging from 84% to 88% for conventional machine learning techniques.
Fekete-Szegö Inequality for Analytic and Biunivalent Functions Subordinate to Gegenbauer Polynomials
Authors: Amourah Ala , Frasin Basem Aref , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, a subclass of analytic and biunivalent functions by means of Gegenbauer polynomials is introduced. Certain coefficients bound for functions belonging to this subclass are obtained. Furthermore, the Fekete-Szegö problem for this subclass is solved. A number of known or new results are shown to follow upon specializing the parameters involved in our main results.
Towards the Concurrent Optimization of the Server: A Case Study on Sport Health Simulation
Authors: Jia Nan , Wang Ruomei , Li Mingliang , Guan Yuhan , Zhou Fan
Published: March 2021

Using computers to conduct human body simulation experiments (e.g., human sport simulation, human physiology simulation, and human clothing simulation) can benefit from both economic and security. However, the human simulation experiment usually requires vast computational resources due to the complex simulation model which combines complicated mathematical and physical principles. As a result, the simulation process is usually time‐consuming and simulation efficiency is low. One solution to address the issue of simulation efficiency is to improve the computing performance of the server when the complexity of the simulation model is determined. In this paper, we proposed a concurrent optimization scheme for the server that runs simulation experiments. Specifically, we firstly propose the architecture of the server cluster for the human body simulation, and then we design the concurrent optimization scheme for the server cluster by using Nginx. The experiment results show that the proposed concurrent optimization scheme can make better use of server resources and improve the simulation efficiency in the case of human sport simulation.
On Fuzzy b-Metric-Like Spaces
Authors: Javed Khalil , Uddin Fahim , Aydi Hassen , Arshad Muhammad , Ishtiaq Umar , Alsamir Habes
Published: March 2021

The aim of this manuscript is to introduce the concept of fuzzy b-metric-like spaces and discuss some related fixed point results. Some examples are imparted to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed methods. Finally, to validate the superiority of the obtained results, an application is provided to solve a first kind of Fredholm type integral equations.
Decreased Expression of MPC2 Contributes to Aerobic Glycolysis and Colorectal Cancer Proliferation by Activating mTOR Pathway
Authors: Kuerbanjiang Manzila , Gu Lei , Xu Chunjie , Xu Wen Ting , Wen Siyuan , Xue Hanbing , Xu Qing
Published: March 2021

Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 (MPC1), one of the rate-limiting proteins involved in glycolysis metabolism, has been demonstrated as a tumor inhibitor in several cancers. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the role and underlying mechanisms of MPC2 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we found that MPC2 expression was decreased in CRC samples. According to the analysis on our TMA data, lower expression of MPC2 is correlated with a higher incidence of distant metastasis and lymph node invasion, bigger tumor size, low survival rate of patients, and advanced T stages. Functionally, in vivo/vitro experiments showed that MPC2 knockdown induced CRC cell proliferation and growth, while MPC2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and growth of CRC. Further study demonstrated that MPC2 knockdown resulted in aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Similarly, MPC2 overexpression in CRC cells also caused inhibited aerobic glycolysis. Further study found that MPC2 knockdown in CRC cell lines activated the mTOR signaling pathway, and the addition of rapamycin reversed the promoting effect of MPC2 knockdown on CRC proliferation and glycolysis. Likewise, the addition of MHY1485 also reversed the MPC2 overexpression’s role in hindering aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Collectively, our study established that low expression of MPC2 led to CRC growth as well as aerobic glycolysis through the regulation of the mTOR pathway in CRC cells, indicating a potential biomarker and therapy target for CRC.
A Rapid Target Searching Scheme for a Small Satellite with Device Limits
Authors: Mu Shuo , Chen Yang , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2021

In recent years, small satellites, which are more and more popular and affordable, have been already widely applied in observation and monitoring missions. However, it is a tough problem to meet the different mission requirements with such limits as space, energy, and devices. In this paper, we propose a practical target searching scheme for a small satellite which suffers from the device limits during the first 7.5 seconds after the launch separation. Due to the device limits at the beginning of the separation, the initial attitude of the satellite and the position of the target that the following observation task is based on are both unknown. In order to solve this problem, a backward integral strategy used to estimate the initial attitude and a target searching method intended to ensure the satellite acquires the target rapidly are included in the scheme. Simulation results proved that this scheme enabled the satellite, regardless of the initial conditions, to acquire the target within the limited observation time.
Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Floor Stress and Reasonable Layout of Roadways in Deep Coal Mining
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhang Lianying , Lu Jianfei , Chen Dingchao , Zhao Xiangqian , Liu Limin
Published: March 2021

The safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources is severely restricted by the dynamic disasters caused by high gas and high ground stress. Taking a deep mine in China as the research background, a mechanical model of the front supporting stress with the working face was constructed through theoretical calculations. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the stress distribution in the plastic zone and the elastic zone of the lateral working face was derived; based on semi-infinite plane mechanics model, the floor vertical and horizontal stress distribution was deduced. Then, the roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement field distribution evolution characteristics were revealed through numerical simulation. On this basis, the reasonable floor gas drainage roadway (FGDR) layout was determined: internal staggered layout was used with FGDR, the vertical distance to the working face is 20 m, and the horizontal distance to the working face end is 15 m; the open-off cut of FGDR was arranged in an external staggered layout, the vertical distance to the working face is 20 m, and the horizontal distance to the open-off cut of the working face is 15 m. It is an important practical significance for the layout of FGDR, the control of surrounding rocks, and the improvement of gas drainage effects under similar conditions through the research results.
ABioNER: A BERT‐Based Model for Arabic Biomedical Named‐Entity Recognition
Authors: Boudjellal Nada , Zhang Huaping , Khan Asif , Ahmad Arshad , Naseem Rashid , Shang Jianyun , Dai Lin
Published: March 2021

The web is being loaded daily with a huge volume of data, mainly unstructured textual data, which increases the need for information extraction and NLP systems significantly. Named‐entity recognition task is a key step towards efficiently understanding text data and saving time and effort. Being a widely used language globally, English is taking over most of the research conducted in this field, especially in the biomedical domain. Unlike other languages, Arabic suffers from lack of resources. This work presents a BERT‐based model to identify biomedical named entities in the Arabic text data (specifically disease and treatment named entities) that investigates the effectiveness of pretraining a monolingual BERT model with a small‐scale biomedical dataset on enhancing the model understanding of Arabic biomedical text. The model performance was compared with two state‐of‐the‐art models (namely, AraBERT and multilingual BERT cased), and it outperformed both models with 85% F1‐score.
Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Associated Factors among Primary School Children in Ethiopia
Authors: Shitie Anguach , Addis Rahel , Tilahun Abebe , Negash Wassie
Published: March 2021

Background. Dental caries (decay or cavities) is a breakdown of teeth as a result of bacteria. Dental caries is one of the preventable oral health problems and the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Poor dental and oral health affect the quality of children’s life. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors among primary school children in Alem Ketema, North Showa, Ethiopia. Methodology. An institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 primary school children, from February 9 to March 8, 2020. Pretested structured questionnaire and oral examinations were conducted by using the WHO criteria (DMFT) index to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 software, and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23 and variables with

P

value ≤0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic analysis were considered as a cut-point to declare statistical significance. Result. The prevalence of dental caries was 46.9% (95% CI: 42.1, 51.7). The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was 1.28 (±1.21). Being male (AOR = 1.975, 95% CI = 1.067–3.66), lack of parents’ insistence (AOR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.079–3.902), lack of oral health education program (AOR = 4.753, 95% CI = 1.69–13.38), history of dental aches (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.55–5.32), and poor habit of mouth wash (AOR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.55–8.79) were found significantly associated with dental caries. Conclusion. The prevalence of dental caries was higher and a common public health problem among school children. Lack of parent’s insistence, sex, dental ache history, poor practices of mouth wash, and lack of oral health education were significant predictors of dental caries. Therefore, oral health education program and parents encouraging their children to practice oral hygiene are important to prevent dental caries.
Impact of High Thermal Setting and Fluid Activities on Sandstone Compaction: A Case Study of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (Northern South China Sea)
Authors: Li Chi , Luo Jinglan , Fan Caiwei , Li Shanshan , Wu Shijiu , Lei Chuan , Song Kunpeng
Published: March 2021

Compaction is regarded as central to the reduction of reservoir physical properties. The thermal compaction process controlled by a basin’s heat flow and the static compaction caused by overload on rocks are both important factors controlling the compaction strength. However, porosity loss resulting from thermal and static compaction has not been distinguished. The Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the northern part of the South China Sea with high heat flows and a variable geothermal gradient is an ideal setting for studying the characteristics and mechanisms of the thermal compaction process. The characteristics of compaction and the effect of thermal fluid activities on reservoir physical properties are carried out, based on the observation and identification of sandstone thin sections under a microscope, the measurement and simulation of the temperatures and trapping pressures of fluid inclusions, and the calculation of the compaction porosity loss as well. The result shows that the compaction mode of sandstone reservoirs in the Zhuhai Formation is dominated by static compaction in the LGR (the low geothermal gradient region), whereas the diagenetic process of the Zhuhai Formation in the MGR (the moderate geothermal gradient region) and HGR (the high geothermal gradient region) is affected not only by the static compaction effect but also by the thermal compaction effect caused by abnormal formation temperature and pressure conditions. The porosity loss caused by the thermal compaction ranges from 5.5% to 11.2% with an average of 7.9% and from 4.6% to 16.6% with an average of 10.2% in the MGR and HGR, respectively. The porosity loss caused by the static compaction ranges from 15.9% to 20.8% with an average of 19.4% and from 8.4% to 15.8% with an average of 12.8% in the MGR and HGR, respectively.
Hair Growth Promotion Effect of Nelumbinis Semen Extract with High Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Park Hyeon Ju , Jin Guang-Ri , Jung Jae Hyun , Hwang Su Bin , Lee Su Hyun , Lee Bog-Hieu
Published: March 2021

This study investigated the hair regeneration promotion and hair loss prevention properties of Nelumbinis Semen (NS) extract in vitro and in vivo. The effect of NS on the proliferation and migration of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) was measured in vitro via CCK-8 and scratch migration assays, after which the antioxidant activity of NS was also quantified. NS extracts were then applied to the back of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice for 3 weeks to monitor hair growth patterns and hair follicle (HF) histology. The mice were divided into three groups: negative control group (NC; DMSO), positive control group (PC; 3% minoxidil), and experimental group (NS extract 1,000 ppm). Moreover, to study the molecular mechanisms by which NS extract regenerates hair growth, real-time PCR was used to analyze factors related to the hair growth cycle. The NS extracts were found to possess high antioxidant properties due to their high flavonoid contents and electron-donating ability. Moreover, NS extracts enhanced hDPC proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner (15.63–125 ppm). The hair growth index and growth area of the NS group (2.81 score, 81%) on day 14 were higher than those of the PC group (2.65 score, 68%) (

p
<
0.05

). Additionally, the HFs of the NS group were located deep in the subcutis, similar to the PC group with developed hair roots. Moreover, the mRNA expression of VEGF and IGF-1 was higher in the NS group compared to the PC group, whereas TGF-β1 expression was lower (

p
<
0.05

). Our findings indicate that NS modulates hair growth by increasing IGF-1 and VEGF expression while inhibiting that of TGF-β1. Therefore, our findings suggest that NS extract is a promising new hair loss treatment derived from a natural substance that helps promote hair growth and prevent hair loss.