bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mania‐ and anxiety‐like behavior and impaired maternal care in female diacylglycerol kinase eta and iota double knockout mice
Authors: Bartsch Victoria B. , Lord Julia S. , Diering Graham H. , Zylka Mark J.
Published: April 2019

Genome‐wide association studies linked diacylglycerol kinase eta and iota to mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and both genes are expressed throughout the brain. Here, we generated and behaviorally characterized female mice lacking Dgkh alone, Dgki alone, and double Dgkh/Dgki‐knockout (dKO) mice. We found that fewer than 30% of newborn pups raised by dKO females survived to weaning, while over 85% of pups survived to weaning when raised by wild‐type (WT) females. Poor survival under the care of dKO mothers was unrelated to pup genotype. Moreover, pups from dKO dams survived when fostered by WT dams, suggesting the poor survival rate of dKO‐raised litters was related to impaired maternal care by dKO dams. Nest building was similar between WT and dKO dams; however, some dKO females failed to retrieve any pups in a retrieval assay. Pups raised by dKO dams had smaller or absent milk spots and reduced weight, indicative of impaired nursing. Unlike WT females, postpartum dKO females showed erratic, panicked responses to cage disturbances. Virgin dKO females showed behavioral signs of anxiety and mania, which were not seen in mice lacking either Dgkh or Dgki alone. Our research indicates that combined deletion of Dgkh and Dgki impairs maternal behavior in the early postpartum period, and suggests female dKO mice model symptoms of mania and anxiety.
Regulatory relationships across levels of multilevel governance systems: From collaboration to competition
Authors: Vantaggiato Francesca Pia
Published: April 2019

The European Union and the United States are paradigmatic examples of multilevel governance systems that are also regulatory states. In both settings, informal networks of regulators preceded and existed alongside supranational (federal) regulatory agencies. The literature understood their rationale as preparatory to the creation of higher level agencies. This approach, however, cannot explain why informal regulatory networks still exist, years after the establishment of higher level agencies. What explains the persistence of informal regulatory networks? The argument of this article is that in multilevel governance systems, the relationship between regulatory networks and the supranational level of governance is coevolutionary and embodies struggles for autonomy and authority: as the multilevel governance system consolidates, the character of this relationship evolves from collaborative to competitive. The argument relies on a comparative historical analysis of two voluntary networks of energy regulators from the European Union and the United States, based on 27 interviews and archival research.
Photoageing‐related skin changes in different age groups: a clinical evaluation by biophysical and imaging techniques
Authors: Fossa Shirata M. M. , Alves G.A.D. , Maia Campos P.M.B.G.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

In view of the lack of studies about the morphological and structural changes caused by solar radiation in young people, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the photoageing‐related changes in the skin of different age groups by biophysical and imaging techniques.

Methods

Forty‐four healthy female subjects were divided into two age groups: Group 1 (G1): 18–35 years old and Group 2 (G2): 40–60 years old. The skin of malar region of the face was evaluated in terms of mechanical properties, disorder in the pigmentation pattern, morphological and structural changes using the Cutometer®, Colorimeter®, Visioface® and Dermascan C® devices and reflectance confocal microscopy (Vivascope®).

Results

The results showed that the main changes in the skin of G1 were related to the pigmentation pattern, the papilla format and depletion of thin collagen fibres. These alterations were also observed in the skin of G2, but with more pronounced effects.

Conclusion

The knowledge about the skin changes caused by photoageing obtained in this study is very important for the development of dermocosmetic products for more effective treatments particularly focused on this type of skin. Finally, objective characterization of photoageing showed the importance of photoprotective habits since the first years of life in order to retard the appearance of skin changes caused by solar radiation.
Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp
Authors: Bjørndal L , Simon S. , Tomson P. L. , Duncan H. F.
Published: April 2019

Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one‐visit as indirect pulp treatment or two‐visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re‐emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp–dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence‐based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.
Shrimp processing residue as an alternative ingredient for new product development
Authors: Gonçalves Alex Augusto , dos Santos Josué
Published: April 2019

Shrimp residues were dried (65 °C), grounded, and posteriorly used as an ingredient to the production of ‘spiced shrimp flour’ and ‘shrimp flavoured biscuits’. Both products were packed in modified atmosphere (100% N2) and stored for 180 days (25 °C) for shelf life evaluation. The centesimal composition, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were carried out in triplicate. The microbiological analysis (residue and shrimp flour) was within the limits of the legislation, confirming the hygienic–sanitary care during processing. The protein content was the most outstanding (40.13% for the spiced shrimp flour and 20.52% for the shrimp flavoured biscuits). The microbiological evaluation for the ‘spiced shrimp flour’ and ‘shrimp flavoured biscuits’ was below the legal limit, and both products were accepted by sensory analysis. The shelf life evaluation demonstrated stability for 6 months. Thus, we concluded that the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp residue is a promising ingredient in the food industry.
Impact of low volume citrate tubes on results of first‐line hemostasis testing
Authors: Salvagno Gian Luca , Demonte Davide , Poli Giovanni , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Pediatric tubes are increasingly used for drawing blood for hemostasis testing. This study has investigated the potential impact of low volume citrate tubes on results of first‐line hemostasis testing.

Methods

The study population comprised 34 patients on warfarin therapy and 17 ostensibly healthy volunteers. Blood was collected into five different evacuated blood tubes from each subject. On right arm, blood was drawn directly into two standard evacuated blood tubes (3‐mL Vacuette and 2‐mL Vacutest) and one evacuated low volume blood tube (1‐mL Vacuette) by straight needle venipuncture. On left arm, blood was drawn using a 5‐mL syringe and then transferred within two nonevacuated microtubes (0.5 mL MiniCollect and 0.5 mL Micro Test). Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen were assayed on ACL TOP 700.

Results

Spearman's correlation of PT, APTT, and fibrinogen values obtained using different tubes was always satisfactory (ie, ≥0.93). A statistically significant bias was frequently found by comparing values obtained in different tubes. Nevertheless, the minimum quality specifications for bias were exceeded only by comparing data of Vacuette 1 mL with those of all other blood tubes for PT, by comparing data of Micro Test 0.5 mL with those of all other blood tubes for APTT, and by comparing data of Micro Test 0.5‐mL blood tubes with those of Vacuette 3 mL and Vacuette 1.

Conclusion

First‐line hemostasis testing using low volume citrate tubes may display differences sometimes exceeding the minimum quality specifications.
Evaluation of a rapid and automated heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia immunoassay
Authors: Refaai Majed A. , Conley Grace , Ortel Thomas L. , Francis John L.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially life‐threatening adverse reaction of heparin. Laboratory evaluation of HIT is often not available within a reasonable time. We evaluated the HemosIL® HIT‐Ab(PF4‐H) (Instrumentation Laboratory), a rapid, on‐demand, fully automated, latex immunoturbidimetric assay (LIA).

Materials and methods

Following determination of the LIA's reference interval and cutoff values, a multicenter study was conducted between March 2013 and June 2015. Plasma samples of HIT‐suspected patients (n = 632) were collected and evaluated by LIA on the ACL TOP® Family systems (Instrumentation Laboratory), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (EIA), and serotonin release assay (SRA). Patient characteristics, medical conditions, comorbidities, laboratory results, and medications were collected via medical chart review. The pretest clinical probability of HIT was also calculated for each patient.

Results

Based on the 95% reference interval for healthy donors and HIT‐negative patients, a LIA value ≥1.0 U/mL was interpreted positive. The overall agreement of LIA versus EIA and SRA results were 90% (95% CI 88%‐92%) and 79% (95% CI 75%‐82%), respectively. The negative predictive value for LIA and EIA was comparable (87%) with SRA. The positive and negative percent agreements with the clinical probability were 89% (95% CI 69%‐97%) and 86% (95% CI 83%‐89%), respectively, with a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI 98%‐100%).

Discussion

Overall, the LIA results were comparable to those of EIA and SRA. This fully automated assay with a remarkable short analytical turnaround time of <20 minutes can be performed on‐demand, which would greatly facilitate more prompt management of HIT.
Effects of free‐air CO2 enrichment and drought on root growth of field grown maize and sorghum
Authors: Paeßens Benedikt , Manderscheid Remy , Pacholski Andreas , Varga Balazs , Erbs Martin , Kage Henning , Sieling Klaus , Weigel Hans‐Joachim
Published: April 2019

Increasing CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is thought to induce climate change and thereby increase air temperatures and the risk of drought stress, the latter impairing crop growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated [CO2] and drought stress on root growth of one maize genotype (Zea mays cv. Simao) and two sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor cv. Bulldozer and Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense cv. Inka) under the cool moderate climate of Central Europe. It was hypothesized that root growth stimulation due to elevated [CO2] compensates for a reduced root growth under drought stress. Therefore, we established an experiment within a free‐air carbon dioxide enrichment system (FACE) in 2010 and 2011. Sorghum and maize genotypes were grown under ambient [CO2] (385 ppm CO2) and elevated [CO2] (600 ppm CO2) and in combination with restricted and sufficient water supply. Elevated [CO2] decreased root length density (RLD) in the upper soil layers for all genotypes, but increased it in deeper layers. Higher [CO2] enhanced specific root length (SRL) of “Simao” and “Bulldozer,” however, did not affect that of “Inka.” “Simao” achieved a higher SRL than the sorghum genotypes, indicating an efficient investment in root dry matter. Although elevated [CO2] affected the root growth, no interaction with the water treatment and, consequently, no compensatory effect of elevated [CO2] could be identified.
Healthcare practitioners' views and experiences of barriers and facilitators to weight management interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Doherty Alison J. , Jones Stephanie P. , Chauhan Umesh , Gibson Josephine M. E.
Published: April 2019

Background

Obesity is common in adults with intellectual disabilities, yet little is known about how weight management interventions are provided for this population.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were held with 14 healthcare practitioners involved in weight management interventions in an English county. A study topic guide was developed to elicit practitioners' views and experiences of barriers and facilitators to weight management for adults with intellectual disabilities. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Several barriers are involved in weight management for people with intellectual disabilities including communication challenges, general practitioners' lack of knowledge and awareness of weight management services, inconsistencies in caring support, resource constraints, wider external circumstances surrounding the individuals and motivational issues. Facilitators include reasonable adjustments to existing weight management services. However, there is a need for specialist weight management provision for people with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions

This study provides suggestions for future research, policy and practice consideration.
High impedance alert with safety switching: An unreported hazard of hybrid pacing systems
Authors: Karnik Ankur A. , Helm Robert H. , Gaskill Matthew D. , Dermovsesian Arlene , Monahan Kevin M.
Published: April 2019

Several Boston Scientific pacemaker models have a known issue with intermittent oversensing of the minute ventilation sensor when paired with non‐Boston Scientific leads. Several of our patients with these hybrid systems have had transient out of range impedances and oversensing after safety switching which we suspected may be related. A retrospective analysis of 395 patients who had pacemakers implanted between 2015‐2017 found that transient out of range impedances with safety switching was present in 9% of Boston Scientific pacemakers paired with Abbott or Medtronic leads compared with 0% in other device‐lead combinations (P = 0.0089). We postulate that the root cause of the minute ventilation oversensing and transient high impedance issue is the same, a header‐lead interaction from low‐level incompatibility. Recognizing this issue is critical to prevent unnecessary lead revisions or extractions as it can be prevented with a simple reprogramming of lead pace/sense configuration.
Update on catheter ablation research from The 2019 European Heart Rhythm Association Congress
Authors: Santangeli Pasquale , Ellenbogen Kenneth A.
Published: April 2019

The 2019 European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) scientific meetings released several Late Breaking Clinical Trials that define important results for the fields of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Three independent multicenter randomized controlled trials have confirmed that AF ablation with point‐by‐point radiofrequency energy or cryoballoon technology are both equally and highly effective, and significantly superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in reducing recurrent AF episodes and preventing arrhythmia‐related hospitalizations. Edoxaban has been shown a viable option for periprocedural oral anticoagulation in patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF in a large multicenter randomized study, with outcomes similar to uninterrupted warfarin. Important mechanistic studies have evaluated the electrophysiologic features of concealed substrate in reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) with small electrode mapping, and investigated the longitudinal evolution of the arrhythmogenic substrate following acute MI. Finally, encouraging results from multicenter observational studies support the emerging role of imaging integration with cardiac magnetic resonance or computed tomography to guide substrate ablation of VT. This article will provide an update on some of the most relevant studies in the field of catheter ablation of AF and VT presented at the latest EHRA conference.
Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in the basal interventricular septum of patients with left ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias
Authors: Reithmann Christopher , Kling Theresia , Herkommer Bernhard , Fiek Michael , Ulbrich Michael
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Concealed structural abnormalities were detected by delayed enhancement ‐ magnetic resonance imaging (DE‐MRI) in patients with apparently idiopathic tachycardia of left ventricular (LV) origin. Basal septal fibrosis was evaluated as a potential arrhythmia substrate in patients with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) arrhythmias.

Methods and Results

A total of 22 patients with LVOT arrhythmias, including frequent monomorphic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in 15 patients and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 7 patients, underwent catheter ablation and DE‐MRI. A total of 19 patients with frequent PVCs and 17 patients with idiopathic VT of other origin served as a control group. Basal septal intramural fibrosis as thin strip‐shaped intramyocardial DE or as marked intramyocardial DE involving >25% of wall thickness was detected more frequently in patients with LVOT arrhythmias (41% and 32%) than in patients with non LVOT arrhythmias (14% and 3%). After successful ablation, 4/16 patients with basal septal intramural fibrosis and LVOT PVCs (n = 3) or LVOT VT (n = 1) compared with no patient without basal septal fibrosis experienced episodes of sustained VT with similar or different QRS morphology resulting in ICD therapy in three patients. Follow‐up DE‐MRI after PVC ablation (17 ± 7 months) revealed an increase in LV ejection fraction from 49 ± 5% to 56 ± 5% (n = 9) but the amount of septal DE remained unchanged.

Conclusions

Basal septal intramural fibrosis may serve as the arrhythmia substrate in a substantial part of patients with premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and VT originating from the LVOT and identifies patients with continued risk for VT recurrence after initially successful ablation of LVOT arrhythmias.
The role and mechanism of transforming growth factor beta 3 in human myocardial infarction‐induced myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Xue Ke , Zhang Jun , Li Cong , Li Jing , Wang Cong , Zhang Qingqing , Chen Xianlu , Yu Xiaotang , Sun Lei , Yu Xiao
Published: April 2019

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plays a crucial role in tissue fibrosis. A number of studies have shown that TGFβ3 significantly attenuated tissue fibrosis. However, the mechanism involved in this effect is poorly understood. In this study we found that the expression level of TGFβ3 was higher in human myocardial infarction (MI) tissues than in normal tissues, and interestingly, it increased with the development of fibrosis post‐myocardial infarction (post‐MI). In vitro, human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were incubated with angiotensin II (Ang II) to mimic the ischaemic myocardium microenvironment and used to investigate the anti‐fibrotic mechanism of TGFβ3. Then, fibrosis‐related proteins were detected by Western blot. It was revealed that TGFβ3 up‐regulation attenuated the proliferation, migration of human CFs and the expression of collagens, which are the main contributors to fibrosis, promoted the phenotype shift and the cross‐linking of collagens. Importantly, the expression of collagens was higher in the si‐smad7 groups than in the control groups, while silencing smad7 increased the phosphorylation level of the TGFβ/smad signalling pathway. Collectively, these results indicated that TGFβ3 inhibited fibrosis via the TGFβ/smad signalling pathway, possibly attributable to the regulation of smad7, and that TGFβ3 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis post‐MI.
Peri‐implant crevicular fluid proteome before and after adjunctive enamel matrix derivative treatment of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Esberg Anders , Isehed Catrine , Holmlund Anders , Lundberg Pernilla
Published: April 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore which peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) protein pattern is associated with the active peri‐implantitis process.

Materials and methods

Peri‐implant crevicular fluid from 25 peri‐implantitis sites were subjected to proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry before and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, to identify associations between PICF protein pattern and implant loss, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) treatment.

Results

Clustering of subjects based on their 3–12 months PICF proteomic profiles by principal component analysis defined two major clusters. Cluster 2 differentiated from cluster 3 by 52 proteins (R2 = 90%, Q2 = 80%) and belonging to cluster 2 was associated with implant loss (p = 0.009) and bleeding on probing (p = 0.001). Cluster 3 was associated with implant survival and EMD treatment (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

Here, we demonstrate that a specific PICF proteomic profile associates with active peri‐implantitis process and implant loss.
Quantifying massive outbreaks of the defoliator mothOrmiscodes amphimonein deciduousNothofagus‐dominated southern forests using remote sensing time series analysis
Authors: Estay Sergio A. , Chávez Roberto O. , Rocco Ronald , Gutiérrez Alvaro G.
Published: April 2019

Forest insect outbreaks are one of the major biotic disturbances on natural and artificial landscapes. Although abundant literature of insect outbreaks exists in the Northern Hemisphere, studies for the Southern Hemisphere are rare. Recently, massive outbreaks of the native mothOrmiscodes amphimone(Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Hemileucinae) have been reported in the southern cone of South America. TheseO. amphimoneoutbreaks have defoliated large areas of temperate forests, raising great concern among local inhabitants, but yet the spatio‐temporal patterns of these events have not been evaluated. Here, we quantify the extension of the massiveO. amphimoneoutbreaks occurred in the Aysén region (southern Chile) in the period 2000–2015 using a novel remote sensing approach and field data. Remote sensing detections were strongly in agreement with field observations and showed that massive outbreaks ofO. amphimoneare among the largest biotic disturbances in the forests of the Southern Hemisphere. Considering only field‐confirmed outbreaks, the defoliated area reached 164,000 hectares in total between 2000 and 2015. The estimation of the spatial impact ofO. amphimone, and its recurrence, represents the first step for the search of management alternatives of this massive disturbance.
To the Future of Ethnogeriatric Research and Publication
Authors: Yeo Gwen , Yoshikawa Thomas
Published: April 2019

The reinstatement of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Section on Ethnogeriatrics coincides with more rapid growth in older populations that are classified as ethnic and racial minorities in the United States than those classified as non‐Hispanic white. By 2060, 40% of older Americans are predicted to belong to a minority. Important needs for ethnogeriatric research and publication include: making sure research populations are meaningful and precise rather than using categories that include many unrelated groups; and increasing research among smaller ethnic populations of older adults. Topics in need of attention include epidemiology of common geriatric illness among the smaller populations, and social determinants for those in which disparities have been established; the extent and effectiveness of use of Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards in geriatric care; examination of communication strategies used in provider/patient interaction, especially use of interpreters; ethnic differences in treatment of older patients; and models of use of community health workers from older patients' own cultural communities. Stresses related to caregiving in cultures emphasizing the importance of family care are important to understand acceptable models of long‐term care for diverse families. The new Ethnogeriatric Section opens the opportunity for geriatric researchers, especially those from diverse backgrounds, to explore important issues in cross‐cultural geriatric care; their findings can then form the basis of expanded ethnogeriatric curriculum for training future providers for the growing population of diverse older Americans.
Efficacy and safety of Rhizoma curcumea longae with respect to improving the glucose metabolism of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Huang J. , Qin S. , Huang L. , Tang Y. , Ren H. , Hu H.
Published: April 2019

Background

Clinical evidence suggests that curcuminoids, as a natural polyphenol, can provide support for cardioprotection and glucose metabolism. This meta‐analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of curcumin with respect to improving glucose metabolism in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase) were searched up to June 2018. The inclusion criteria included (i) randomised controlled trials (RCT) and (ii) subjects with risk factors for cardiovascular disease supplemented with curcumin and curcuminoids. A random‐effects model and a standardised mean difference with a 95% confidence interval were used to perform quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects.

Results

Fourteen eligible RCT with 1277 subjects were included. In the overall analyses, curcumin led to significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). The subgroup analyses suggested that curcumin or combined curcuminoids were more effective at reducing FBG and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients than in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Supplementation with curcuminoids at doses ≥300 mg day−1 showed significant decreases in FBG, HbA1c and HOMA‐IR. The effects of supplementation on FBG, HbA1c and HOMA‐IR were more significant over long periods (≥12 weeks) than short periods. Curcumin and curcuminoids were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events.

Conclusions

Curcumin or combined curcuminoids could exert cardioprotective effects in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease by improving glucose metabolism. However, further high‐quality studies and larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
Gender‐related cost discrepancies in a cohort of 110 facial moisturizers
Authors: Manatis‐Lornell Athena J. , Marks Dustin H. , Hagigeorges Dina , Okhovat Jean‐Phillip , Senna Maryanne M.
Published: April 2019

Background

Gender‐related price inequalities for over‐the‐counter dermatologic products such as shampoos and conditioners, razors, deodorants, and lotions remain prevalent in the marketplace. This trend has also been found to apply to topical minoxidil, a common treatment for male and female pattern hair loss.

Objective

We sought to identify the gender‐related price discrepancies of facial moisturizers, which are routinely recommended by dermatologists.

Methods

Three online retailers (Amazon, Target, and Walmart) were surveyed for available facial moisturizers in October 2018. Facial moisturizers were classified as men's, women's, or gender‐neutral based on three specific marketing variables: language, container color/graphics, and container curvature/shape.

Results

In total, 110 facial moisturizers were included in this analysis. Of the 54 facial moisturizers evaluated for men, 47 (87%) contained the word “men” within the marketing language, while only three of 56 (5.4%) facial moisturizers targeted at women were explicitly labeled “for women.” No statistically significant difference was found between the number of facial moisturizers listed as fragrance‐free, SPF‐containing, anti‐aging, or those labeled as sensitive, hypoallergenic, or dermatologist recommended between the two groups. However, facial moisturizers marketed to women were on average $3.09 more per ounce than those marketed to men. A two‐tailed t test revealed a statistically significant difference between the price per ounce of facial moisturizers for men ($6.20) and those for women ($9.29) (P = 0.013).

Conclusion

Facial moisturizers marketed to women were found to be significantly more expensive than comparable facial moisturizers marketed to men.
Aberrant personality tendencies and academic success throughout engineering education
Authors: Bipp Tanja , Kleingeld Ad , Snijders Chris
Published: April 2019

Objective

In a longitudinal field study, we investigated the predictive associations between six aberrant personality tendencies (schizotypal, avoidant, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, obsessive‐compulsive) and academic success of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics students.

Method

Bachelor students of Industrial Engineering at a Dutch technical university (N = 432, Mage = 18.45; 87.3% male) filled out the NEO‐PI‐R and aberrant tendencies were operationalized by the five‐factor model (FFM) compound technique. Indicators of academic achievement (grades) and persistence (credit points earned per year, re‐enrollment, study duration) were made available by the academic office.

Results

Validities across the 3 years of the study program consistently support the role of two aberrant tendencies: Individuals with high antisocial tendency reached lower academic achievement, took longer to finish their study, and had a higher risk of dropout. The obsessive‐compulsive tendency was associated with higher grade‐point average, faster study progress, and higher retention rates and effects were still visible while controlling for known predictors (high school grades, Conscientiousness). Contrary to our expectations, we found no evidence for inverted U‐shaped relationships.

Conclusions

We used the compound technique for aberrant tendencies based on the FFM in the academic context and our findings support the importance of personality‐based psychopathological tendencies for academic success.
Neuroticism and interpersonal perception: Evidence for positive, but not negative, biases
Authors: Hannuschke Marianne , Gollwitzer Mario , Geukes Katharina , Nestler Steffen , Back Mitja
Published: April 2019

Objective

Personality dispositions predict how individuals perceive, interpret, and react to social interactions with others. A still unresolved question is (a) whether these personality‐congruent interpersonal perceptions reflect perception biases, which occur when perceivers' dispositions systematically predict deviations between perceivers' and other people's perceptions of the same interaction, and/or selection effects, which occur when perceivers' dispositions predict their selection of interaction partners, and (b) whether these effects feed back into perceivers' personality.

Method

Data from 110 psychology freshmen involving repeated assessments of Neuroticism and repeated interpersonal perceptions of social interactions with fellow students were analyzed to address these questions, focusing on Neuroticism.

Results

There is evidence for a Neuroticism‐related positivity bias in interpersonal perceptions (i.e., perceivers high in Neuroticism tended to make more positive judgments of others' sociability and warmth), but little evidence for personality‐congruent selection effects (i.e., Neuroticism‐related preferences for interaction partners). The positivity bias did not predict intrapersonal changes in Neuroticism over time, but the selection of specific interaction partners did.

Conclusions

These findings help to shed light on the interpersonal perception dynamics of Neuroticism in a real‐life context and add to our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying the interplay of personality and interpersonal perceptions.
Risky Sexual Behavior among Arrested Adolescent Males: The Role of Future Expectations and Impulse Control
Authors: Knowles Alissa , Rinehart Jenny K. , Steinberg Laurence , Frick Paul J. , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

The current study evaluates two predictors of adolescent sexual risk‐taking, specifically whether impulse control or future expectations predict condom use and casual sex. We examine whether risky sex occurs among youth who tend to act without thinking about the future, or instead, youth who report low future expectations. We consider these relations longitudinally among a sample of sexually active justice‐involved adolescent males (N = 752, M age = 15.58) a group at heightened risk for sexual risk‐taking. We found that optimistic expectations for the future predict a higher likelihood of engaging in consistent condom use, whereas high impulse control is related to a lower likelihood of casual sex. Implications for intervention and research on positive sexual health are discussed.
Quality of methods and reporting in association studies of chronic periodontitis and IL1A−889 and IL1B+3953/4 SNPs: A systematic review
Authors: Citterio Filippo , Romano Federica , Ferrarotti Francesco , Gualini Giacomo , Aimetti Mario
Published: April 2019

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the quality of reporting and methodology in genetic association studies between IL1A −889 and IL1B +3954 polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis.

Background

Evidence provided by periodontal research on genetic risk factors is of uttermost importance in clinical practice as a possible diagnostic and prognostic tool for periodontitis. Inadequate reporting of results as well as high risk of bias due to methodological inconsistency hampers the integration of evidence in terms of clinical applicability.

Methods

This review includes case‐control studies in humans published between 1997 and July 2017. Searching was conducted through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and search handing. Specific scoring systems have been developed to evaluate the quality of methods and reporting. Each article was scored according to its adequacy, and then, the total number and the percentage of items positively qualified for both methods and reporting were calculated. The quality of methods in studies scoring 0‐6, 7‐12, and 13‐16 was, respectively, considered poor, moderate, and good. For reporting, scores of 0‐9, 10‐18, and 19‐26 were deemed of poor, moderate, and good quality, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the correlation between the year of publication and the quality in terms of methods and reporting.

Results

From the 531 screened studies, 52 met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in the study. The quality of methods and reporting of published genetic association papers on IL1 and chronic periodontitis is moderate. On a scale from 0 to 16, the mean score for methods of the reviewed studies was 8.19 ± 1.93. The items more frequently considered inadequate concerned the handling of confounders in statistical analysis, especially oral hygiene habits, socioeconomic status, subgingival colonization of specific periodontal pathogens, and stress. A significant positive correlation was found between the year of publication and the quality scores in terms of method (r = 0.401, P = 0.003). In terms of reporting, the mean score was 14.83 ± 3.04 on a scale from 0 to 26 and it was considered overall moderate. No statistically significant correlation was found between the year of publication and the quality of reporting (P = 0.266).

Conclusions

The association between IL1A −889 and IL1B +3954 polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis is questionable due to methodological inconsistency. Evidence arising from meta‐analysis is unreliable due to high risk of bias and moderate quality in terms of reporting.
‘Sistem te laže!’: the anti‐ruling class mobilisation of high school students in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Piersma Michiel J.
Published: April 2019

This article presents the case of a high school student‐led protest movement in the Bosnian towns of Jajce and Travnik. Over the course of 2016 and 2017, the students developed opposition to a plan for an ethnically segregated high school in Jajce. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, ethnicity is strongly politicised and limits the political activities of citizens to what is prescribed by the elites of their respective ethnic groups. In particular, Bosnian youth is often named as part of an apathetic ‘lost generation’ whose voices are smothered by this ethno‐political framework. I argue that the political agency of ordinary young Bosnians should not be neglected, since the formulations of their relationship with the state form meaningful political activities. The student protests in Jajce and Travnik are telling examples of their political agency. In an analysis of the protest movement's actions, I show that the students adopt a narrative that opposes the ruling political class and their prevalence of personal interests over the future of younger generations.
Taking Nature Graciously: A Thomistic Perspective on Habits
Authors: Sullivan Ezra
Published: April 2019

When speaking of the odd behavior of a particular individual, it is common for people to say something like, “Well, I am just made that way,” or, “He can't help it; that's the way he is.” On the other hand, when considering future vistas for action, some suppose that that, everything in life can be a matter of choice, that we can choose our own gender, ethnicity, or identity. It seems to me that there are theological parallels to these anthropological positions. First, similar to mechanical determinism, some believe in a determined mechanism of sin that destroys human nature and makes free choice an illusion. Second, similar to views that human fulfillment is simply a matter of exercising our will, some argue that graced happiness is merely an extension of nature. To all of these positions, Aquinas has a response.
Logics and Logistics for Future Research: Appropriately Interpreting the Emotional Landscape of Multicultural Negotiation
Authors: Rees Laura , Kopelman Shirli
Published: April 2019

To invigorate future teaching and research, this article discusses theoretical approaches and empirical opportunities to better understand emotional dynamics in negotiation settings across cultural contexts. We adopt a culturally informed logic of appropriateness (Kopelman, ) to shed light on emerging and underexplored topics in this domain. The goal of this article is to inspire scholars worldwide to engage in rigorous empirical investigations of the antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, boundary conditions, and evidence‐based strategies in the combined domain of negotiation, culture, and emotion through research, teaching, and practice.
Phosphatase GhDsPTP3a interacts with annexin protein GhANN8b to reversely regulate salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium spp.)
Authors: Mu Chun , Zhou Lin , Shan Libo , Li Fangjun , Li Zhaohu
Published: April 2019

Salinity is among the major factors limiting crop production worldwide. Despite having moderate salt‐tolerance, cotton (Gossypium spp.) suffers severe yield losses to salinity stresses, largely due to being grown on saline‐alkali and dry lands.

To identify genetic determinants conferring salinity tolerance in cotton, we deployed a functional genomic screen using a cotton cDNA library in a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector. We have revealed that silencing of GhDsPTP3a, which encodes a protein phosphatase, increases cotton tolerance to salt stress.

Yeast two‐hybrid screens indicated that GhDsPTP3a interacts with GhANN8b, an annexin protein, which plays a positive role in regulating cotton response to salinity stress. Salt stress induces GhANN8b phosphorylation, which is subsequently dephosphorylated by GhDsPTP3a. Ectopic expression of GhDsPTP3a and GhANN8b oppositely regulates plant salt tolerance and calcium influx. In addition, we have revealed that silencing of GhDsPTP3a or GhANN8b exerts opposing roles in regulating GhSOS1 transcript levels, and ectopic expression of GhANN8b elevates Na+ efflux in Arabidopsis under salinity stress.

Our study demonstrates that a cotton phosphatase GhDsPTP3a and an annexin protein GhANN8b interact and reversely modulate Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes in cotton salinity responses.
Moral Hedging and Responding to Reasons
Authors: Hicks Amelia
Published: April 2019

In this paper, I argue that the fetishism objection to moral hedging fails. The objection rests on areasons‐responsiveness account of moral worth, according to which an action has moral worth only if the agent is responsive to moral reasons. However, by adopting a plausible theory of non‐ideal moral reasons, one can endorse a reasons‐responsiveness account of moral worth while maintaining that moral hedging is sometimes an appropriate response to moral uncertainty. Thus, the theory of moral worth upon which the fetishism objection relies does not, in fact, support that objection.
Hyponatremia secondary to severe atopic dermatitis in early infancy
Authors: Adachi Masanori , Takamasu Tetsuya , Inuo Chisato
Published: April 2019

Background

Infants with atopic dermatitis who developed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia with raised aldosterone have been repeatedly described in the Japanese‐language literature, but similar reports from other countries are scarce.

Methods

We collected reports of atopic dermatitis complicated with hyponatremia (≤130 mEq/L), written either in English or in Japanese, to delineate the characteristics and to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition.

Results

Of a total of 36 patients, 35 were Japanese. All patients were infants younger than 9 months. Mean height SD score (SDS) at presentation was −2.1 ± 1.4 (n = 25), with mean body mass index 14.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2 (n = 28). Mean sodium was 120.7 ± 6.1 mEq/L. While 28 patients had hyperkalemia, seven patients had normokalemia. Elevated aldosterone was documented in 15 patients. Nutrition mainly with breast‐feeding (97%), parental refusal of steroid ointment (77%), and the association of hypoalbuminemia (73%) were frequent findings. Diminished urinary sodium was verified in all 12 patients tested, indicating that sodium loss from the skin exudates, with limited supply of sodium from breast milk, is the primary cause of hyponatremia. Hyperkalemia seems to result from decreased delivery of sodium to the distal nephron and from the mechanism of the so‐called “aldosterone paradox”, which inhibits potassium secretion. In addition, physiological aldosterone insensitivity during infancy, low muscle volume, and impaired Na+,K+‐ATPase function due to protein deficiency seems to exaggerate the hyperkalemia.

Conclusions

Hyponatremia secondary to severe atopic dermatitis is an age‐dependent manifestation, elicited by inappropriate treatment that leads to sodium loss from the damaged skin and resultant hyperkalemia via multifaceted mechanisms.
What's in the CART? A decision rule to predict short‐term mortality during COPD exacerbations
Authors: Sin Don D.
Published: April 2019

See related Article
Extra‐plastidial degradation of chlorophyll and photosystem I in tobacco leaves involving ‘senescence‐associated vacuoles’
Authors: Gomez Facundo M. , Carrión Cristian A. , Costa María L. , Desel Christine , Kieselbach Thomas , Funk Christiane , Krupinska Karin , Guiamet Juan
Published: April 2019

Chlorophyll (Chl) loss is the main visible symptom of senescence in leaves. The initial steps of Chl degradation operate within the chloroplast, but the observation that ‘senescence‐associated vacuoles’ (SAVs) contain Chl raises the question of whether SAVs might also contribute to Chl breakdown. Previous confocal microscope observations (Martínez et al., 2008) showed many SAVs containing Chl. Isolated SAVs contained Chl a and b (with a Chl a/b ratio close to 5) and lower levels of chlorophyllide a. Pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were formed after the incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness, suggesting the presence of Chl‐degrading activities in SAVs. Chl in SAVs was bound to a number of ‘green bands’. In the most abundant green band of SAVs, Western blot analysis showed the presence of photosystem I (PSI) Chl‐binding proteins, including the PsaA protein of the PSI reaction center and the apoproteins of the light‐harvesting complexes (Lhca 1–4). This was confirmed by: (i) measurements of 77‐K fluorescence emission spectra showing a single emission peak at around 730 nm in SAVs; (ii) mass spectrometry of the most prominent green band with the slowest electrophoretic mobility; and (iii) immunofluorescence detection of PsaA in SAVs observed through confocal microscopy. Incubation of SAVs at 30°C in darkness caused a steady decrease in PsaA levels. Overall, these results indicate that SAVs may be involved in the degradation of PSI proteins and their associated chlorophylls during the senescence of leaves.
Asymmetric effects of demand uncertainty on intrafirm trade in durable and non‐durable industries
Authors: Lee Sooyoung
Published: April 2019

This paper unveils a new empirical regularity regarding the asymmetric patterns of international sourcing modes in the durable and non‐durable industries under uncertainty, and explains the asymmetry based on the traditional lens of the transaction cost economics. Under demand uncertainty, firms face trade‐offs between outsourcing and vertical integration: while outsourcing requires less initial investment and allows easier market entry and exit, vertical integration offers better management and communication systems. In the durable industries, consistent with the transaction cost economics, the relationship between vertical integration and uncertainty is positive. In the nondurable industries, however, such relationship is weaker because inelastic demand and shorter gaps between production and sales mitigate the effect of uncertainty. I show the asymmetric effects of uncertainty based on a simple general equilibrium model and provide consistent empirical evidence using US intrafirm trade and microeconomic uncertainty data.