bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adversarial joint training with self-attention mechanism for robust end-to-end speech recognition
Authors: Li Lujun , Kang Yikai , Shi Yuchen , Kürzinger Ludwig , Watzel Tobias , Rigoll Gerhard
Published: July 2021

Lately, the self-attention mechanism has marked a new milestone in the field of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Nevertheless, its performance is susceptible to environmental intrusions as the system predicts the next output symbol depending on the full input sequence and the previous predictions. A popular solution for this problem is adding an independent speech enhancement module as the front-end. Nonetheless, due to being trained separately from the ASR module, the independent enhancement front-end falls into the sub-optimum easily. Besides, the handcrafted loss function of the enhancement module tends to introduce unseen distortions, which even degrade the ASR performance. Inspired by the extensive applications of the generative adversarial networks (GANs) in speech enhancement and ASR tasks, we propose an adversarial joint training framework with the self-attention mechanism to boost the noise robustness of the ASR system. Generally, it consists of a self-attention speech enhancement GAN and a self-attention end-to-end ASR model. There are two advantages which are worth noting in this proposed framework. One is that it benefits from the advancement of both self-attention mechanism and GANs, while the other is that the discriminator of GAN plays the role of the global discriminant network in the stage of the adversarial joint training, which guides the enhancement front-end to capture more compatible structures for the subsequent ASR module and thereby offsets the limitation of the separate training and handcrafted loss functions. With the adversarial joint optimization, the proposed framework is expected to learn more robust representations suitable for the ASR task. We execute systematic experiments on the corpus AISHELL-1, and the experimental results show that on the artificial noisy test set, the proposed framework achieves the relative improvements of 66% compared to the ASR model trained by clean data solely, 35.1% compared to the speech enhancement and ASR scheme without joint training, and 5.3% compared to multi-condition training.
A novel function for Rab1 and Rab11 during secretory granule maturation
Authors: Neuman Sarah D. , Lee Annika R. , Selegue Jane E. , Cavanagh Amy T. , Bashirullah Arash
Published: July 2021

Regulated exocytosis is an essential process whereby specific cargo proteins are secreted in a stimulus-dependent manner. Cargo-containing secretory granules are synthesized in the trans-Golgi network (TGN); after budding from the TGN, granules undergo modifications, including an increase in size. These changes occur during a poorly understood process called secretory granule maturation. Here, we leverage the Drosophila larval salivary glands as a model to characterize a novel role for Rab GTPases during granule maturation. We find that secretory granules increase in size ∼300-fold between biogenesis and release, and loss of Rab1 or Rab11 reduces granule size. Surprisingly, we find that Rab1 and Rab11 localize to secretory granule membranes. Rab11 associates with granule membranes throughout maturation, and Rab11 recruits Rab1. In turn, Rab1 associates specifically with immature granules and drives granule growth. In addition to roles in granule growth, both Rab1 and Rab11 appear to have additional functions during exocytosis; Rab11 function is necessary for exocytosis, while the presence of Rab1 on immature granules may prevent precocious exocytosis. Overall, these results highlight a new role for Rab GTPases in secretory granule maturation.
Acclimation to tidal conditions alters the physiological responses of the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, to subsequent emersion
Authors: Nancollas Sarah J. , McGaw Iain J.
Published: July 2021

Animals inhabiting the intertidal zone are exposed to abrupt changes in environmental conditions associated with the rise and fall of the tide. For convenience, the majority of laboratory studies on intertidal organisms have acclimated individuals to permanently submerged conditions in seawater tanks. In this study, green shore crabs, Carcinus maenas, were acclimated to either a simulated tidal regime of continuous emersion–immersion (‘tidal’) or to permanently submerged conditions (‘non-tidal’) to assess their physiological responses to subsequent emersion. Tidal crabs exhibited an endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption during continuous submersion with lower oxygen consumption during periods of anticipated emersion, which was not detected in non-tidal crabs. During emersion, tidal crabs were able to buffer apparent changes in acid–base balance and exhibited no change in venous pH, whereas non-tidal crabs developed an acidosis associated with a rise in lactate levels. These results indicate that tidal crabs were better able to sustain aerobic metabolism and had lower metabolic costs during emersion than non-tidal crabs. It is likely that the elevated levels of haemocyanin exhibited by tidal crabs allowed them to maintain oxygen transport and buffer pH changes during emersion. This suggests that acclimation of C. maenas to submerged conditions results in a loss of important physiological mechanisms that enable it to tolerate emersion. The results of this study show that caution must be taken when acclimating intertidal organisms to submerged conditions in the laboratory, as it may abolish important physiological responses and adaptations that are critical to their performance when exposed to air.
Social stimuli increase activity of adult-born cells in the telencephalon of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Dunlap Kent D. , Teles Magda C. , Oliveira Rui F.
Published: July 2021

Fish have particularly high levels of adult neurogenesis, and this high neurogenic capacity may contribute to behavioural plasticity. While it is known that adult-born cells can differentiate into neurons and incorporate into neural circuits, it is unclear whether they are responsive to external stimuli and are thereby capable of contributing to behavioural change. We tested whether cells born in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish are activated by social stimuli. We marked cell birth with BrdU and, 40 days later, exposed fish to brief (15 min) visual social stimuli and assayed cellular activity through immunolocalization of phospho-S6-ribosomal protein (pS6). BrdU+/pS6+ co-labelled cells were found in six brain regions, and, in four regions [dorsal (D), dorsomedial (Dm) and dorsolateral (Dl) zones of the dorsal telencephalon and pre-optic area (POA)], the number of co-labelled cells and fraction of BrdU+ cells that labelled positive for pS6 increased during social stimulation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that adult-born neurons play a role in regulating social behaviour.
Sobre la forma urbana. Vida urbana y ciudad de Henri Lefebvre
Authors: Martínez Lorea Ion
Published: July 2021

En sus trabajos relativos al espacio urbano, Henri Lefebvre dedicó algunos interesantes pasajes a reflexionar sobre la forma urbana, de un modo más esquemático y quizá por ello más desconcertante en El derecho a la ciudad (2017) o en La Revolución urbana (1972) y de un modo más pormenorizado y sugerente en La producción del espacio (2013). Como es sabido, tanto sus vastos conocimientos como su pretensión unificadora de la ciencia, le permiten y le conducen a transitar entre distintas disciplinas como la filosofía, la sociología, la antropología, el urbanismo o la arquitectura. Esto, claro es, resulta tan enriquecedor como arriesgado si deseamos abordar específicamente algunos conceptos o propuestas planteados por el autor. Y es que, sin prevenirnos ante determinados tratamientos, podremos caer en la tentación de enmarañarnos en discusiones conceptuales sin fin y en estériles reproches interdisciplinarios, alejándonos así del objetivo que, creemos, debiera tener la lectura de un clásico como Lefebvre: su reinterpretación y actualización, su evocación desde las problemáticas y conflictos contemporáneos a fin de plantear, nunca mejor dicho en este caso, nuevos escenarios (urbanos) posibles. En esta ocasión, nuestro punto de partida será la aproximación al concepto de forma urbana tal como lo aborda Lefebvre para posteriormente plantear, precisamente, las posibilidades y limitaciones que ofrece para pensar la vida urbana (también con sus posibilidades y limitaciones) en la sociedad contemporánea.
Comunicación y educación en los museos en el contexto español. La encrucijada comunicativa
Authors: García Martín Inmaculada , Ortega Mohedano Félix
Published: July 2021

La penetración de las tecnologías de la información ha revolucionado el complejo campo de los estudios de audiencia de museos desde la perspectiva de la comunicación y la educación. Este artículo analiza las tecnologías y su implicación en los hábitos de comportamiento de los visitantes, sus opiniones y valoraciones. Se presta atención a la comunicación con la audiencia a través de las aplicaciones, redes sociales y recursos digitales de los espacios museísticos. Se constata un desinterés hacia los recursos digitales por parte de los visitantes más jóvenes. Por ello, desde los museos es necesario apostar por líneas educativas y comunicativas inclusivas que implementen el impacto con la audiencia, así como un diálogo activo con el público.
Reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour: the damage on young people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Owen Alison , Bould Kathryn
Published: July 2021

Healthy childhood development is fostered through movement behaviours, including sufficient physical activity. This article reviews some of the recently published global studies that have examined the impact of COVID-19 on children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours, the majority of which have indicated that children's physical activity behaviours have lessened significantly during these times, while their sedentary behaviours have risen significantly. The authors make some suggestions for ways to encourage and foster physical activity in both children and their families, for example by showing people different ways of staying active and offering other opportunities for physical activity, as well as ensuring the feeling of staying safe and being protected.
Implementing new consent procedures for schools-based human papillomavirus vaccination: a qualitative study
Authors: Audrey Suzanne , Evans Karen , Farr Michelle , Ferrie Joanne , Yates Julie , Roderick Marion , Fisher Harriet
Published: July 2021

Background

The requirement for written parental consent for school-based human papillomavirus vaccination programme in England can act as a barrier to uptake for some young women, with the potential to exacerbate health inequities.

Aims

To consider the practicalities and implications of implementing new consent procedures, including parental telephone consent and adolescent self-consent, in two local authority areas in the southwest of England.

Methods

Digitally recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 53 participants, including immunisation nurses, school staff, young people, and parents. All interviews were fully transcribed and thematic analysis was undertaken.

Results

Parental telephone consent was welcomed by the immunisation nurses, parents, and young women in the study. Adolescent self-consent was rare. Greater understanding of the barriers to uptake outside of mainstream school-based sessions is needed to further address inequalities in uptake.

Conclusions

The new procedures generally worked well but some important barriers to vaccination uptake remain.
Should COVID-19 be considered an adverse child experience?
Authors: Duncan Debbie
Published: July 2021

The term adverse childhood experience (ACE) covers a number of different traumatic events, including various forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, that occur before the age of 18 years. ACEs are recognised as predictors of future poor health outcomes, increased risk of mental illness and chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. The current COVID-19 pandemic may be amplifying some ACEs in individuals by increasing social isolation or financial pressures and as a result of job loss, school closures, and exposure to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This article considers the literature and asks the question ‘Can COVID-19 be considered an ACE itself?’ Ultimately, the long-term implications of an accumulation of risk and harm need to be considered and embedded in practice, to effectively respond to the future needs of vulnerable children.
Supporting young people with type 1 diabetes: experiences from healthcare professionals in Sweden
Authors: Holmström Malin Rising , Häggström Marie , Söderberg Siv
Published: July 2021

Background

Healthcare professionals in paediatric care face great demands to provide high-quality acute care and support for young people with long-term illnesses, such as type 1 diabetes. This study aims to describe healthcare professionals' experiences of supporting young people with type 1 diabetes in order to improve care.

Methods

A qualitative research design was used to conduct individual interviews with seven healthcare professionals. The interview transcripts were subjected to inductive qualitative thematic content analysis.

Results

Four themes were identified: strengthening young people's motivation, sharing knowledge for better support, the imbalance between resources and needs and the transition of responsibility to the young person and their family.

Conclusions

Healthcare professionals described motivating young people to improve their metabolic control by using a person-centred approach. Working in a team strengthened cross-professional perspectives, competence and understanding of young people's support needs and developed diabetes care. The transition of responsibility from healthcare to families and young people was important in improving glycemic control. The increased imbalance in resources and support needs in diabetes care must be addressed at a societal level and adapted according to today's needs.
Rehabilitating the canine hip: a practical guide
Authors: Corral Cheryl
Published: July 2021

This article is part of a series discussing the management, through rehabilitation techniques, of the individual joints and back of the canine, following injury, surgery or for management of long-term conditions. Here the different techniques used in the rehabilitation of animals suffering from various conditions commonly affecting the canine hip are described, alongside how to implement them as part of a management or recovery programme.
Osteoarthritis in pet guinea pigs: an update on diagnosis, treatment and management
Authors: Keeble Emma
Published: July 2021

This article reviews the current literature on osteoarthritis in pet and laboratory guinea pigs. The associated clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in pet guinea pigs will be discussed, with options for analgesia detailed. This condition is thought to be common in pet guinea pigs, even from an early age in some genetic lines, although osteoarthritis often goes undiagnosed in this species until advanced disease is present, posing a major welfare concern. Increasing awareness of this condition in veterinary practitioners should aid early diagnosis in pets and help improve their quality of life. Prevention may be possible using oral protective nutritional supplements to slow down the progression of this disease at an early stage. Lifestyle changes are also discussed for the management of this condition in pet guinea pigs.
The statist neo-institutionalism of Acemoglu and Robinson
Authors: McCloskey Deirdre Nansen
Published: July 2021

In a long review of Acemoglu and Robinson’s 2019 The Narrow Corridor McCloskey praises their scholarship but criticizes their relentless statism—their enthusiasm for a bigger and bigger Stato, so long as it is somehow “caged.” Their case is mechanical, materialist, and structuralist, none of which is a good guide to history or politics. Their theory of social causation mixes up necessary with sufficient conditions, though they are not unusual among political scientists and economists in doing so. They downplay the role of ideas, which after all made the modern world through liberalism. They recognize how dangerous the modern “capable” state can be, what they call The Leviathan, after Hobbes. But their construal of “liberty” is the provision of goodies to children by a beneficent Leviathan. It is not the adultism that in fact made the modern world of massive enrichment and true liberty. Their vision is deeply illiberal, and mistaken as science.
Three Wishes for Cinderella: Fitting a Czech shoe to a Norwegian foot
Authors: Ficová Adéla , Stehlíková Karolína
Published: July 2021

In this article, the authors outline arguments explaining the lasting success of the Czechoslovak and East German film Three Wishes for Cinderella (1973). Drawing on newer theories of adaptation, the article addresses the following questions: what mutation did the Cinderella narrative undergo and how did it influence the acceptance of the film adaptation in the Czech and Norwegian context? Are there any non-adaptive explanations for changes in the narrative that can be perceived as a ‘random drift’? How is the persistence of this particular adaptation supported in various cultural contexts? Can we speak about cross-cultural indigenization in the case of Three Wishes for Cinderella? The aim is also to explore the factors that contributed to this cultural phenomenon and to map the journey the adaptation underwent, including the role of NRK public TV and the role of the voice-over. Finally, we discuss whether this adaptation is truly a timeless phenomenon.
Autobiographical adaptation in NBC’s Love Is a Four-Letter Word
Authors: Gemzøe Lynge Stegger
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the adaptation process from the Danish relationship drama television series ‘Nikolaj and Julie’ (2002–03) to Love Is a Four-Letter Word, the NBC pilot and remake attempt (2015). This comparison is a prime example of autobiographical adaptation, in which the adaptation process can be closely intertwined with a desire to tell autobiographical stories. Using production studies and textual analysis, the article illustrates how Diana Son, the showrunner responsible for adapting the original format into the NBC version, rewrote the original script using a location, themes and characters largely inspired by her personal life and surroundings. The article ultimately argues that in format adaptation, research combining established theoretical frameworks and approaches with the idea of autobiographical adaptation is likely to be a fruitful endeavour in a great many cases.
ACESSO À JUSTIÇA E ÀS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS: O CASE DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO CONFORME A RECENTE LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Machado Maykon Fagundes , Abreu Pedro Manoel
Published: July 2021

A presente pesquisa possui como objeto a análise pontual do acesso à justiça, sob a ótica das novas tecnologias e da recente judicialização de conflitos com base na lei geral de proteção de dados. Possui como objetivo geral analisar o acesso à justiça nesta vivenciada pós-modernidade, sobretudo com fulcro na percepção e convivência com as novas tecnologias. Como objetivo específico, pretende-se abordar os recentes cases baseados na nova lei geral de proteção de dados, como um novo parâmetro de controle dos dados e informação, utilizando-se, portanto, do acesso à justiça. Utilizou-se para a elaboração desta pesquisa, nos moldes da Humildade Científica, o método indutivo, adotando-se a partir deste, a técnica de investigação bibliográfica.
The Life of a Face Mask: from Production to Use to Disposal
Authors: He Emily , Koh Esther , Ambatipudi Mythri , Boone DaLoria , Carrillo Gonzalez Paola , Daigle Jordan , Kulyk Taisa , Tasnim Kazi , Mooney David
Published: July 2021

Face mask usage is a critical means of limiting SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission. To the best of our knowledge, a single study reviewing all major life stages of a mask has yet to be conducted. Here, we first describe the production and material sourcing of respirators, surgical/procedural masks, and cloth masks. We then evaluate filtration efficiency, fit, and breathability in estimating emitted viral load and personal compliance. In decontamination, vaporous hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation are feasible and effective methods for large healthcare systems, while washing is recommended for masks with no electrostatic charge (e.g., cotton masks). Finally, we discuss how disposal of masks only contributes marginally to current environmental issues. Insights into the life cycle stages of masks may inform mask use and support mitigation strategies in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases.
A Psychosocial Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Frontline Workers and General People in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Joshi Nabin Prasad
Published: July 2021

A new variant of the corona virus family found in the Wuhan city market of the China causing serious harm to human being. After the WHO decided COVID-19 as a pandemic situation, everyone has started to measure the prevention from infectious disease according to WHO guidelines. It includes social distancing, isolation, quarantine, lockdown, sanitation and masking respectively. During the time researcher has observed the difficulties of cultivating new normal to people in Nepal. People have perceived the single corona virus differently; common populations and frontline workers have different perception towards to corona virus. Researcher started to measures the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic into frontline workers and general populations in Kathmandu valley. The total number of sample unit for this research is 82; it includes 52 general populations and 30 frontline workers.
DIAGNÓSTICO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS DO PERFIL DO EGRESSO DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Paludo Demore Cristhiane , Cannarozzo Tinoco Maria Auxiliadora , Becker Bertoni Vanessa , Marcon Arthur , Siqueira de Souza Joana
Published: July 2021

As instituições brasileiras de ensino superior com cursos de engenharia estão vivenciando desafios com as novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e com as futuras demandas do setor produtivo e da sociedade. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar um diagnóstico do desenvolvimento de competências do perfil do engenheiro de produção a partir do relacionamento com as práticas pedagógicas e disciplinas atuais do curso em estudo na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando a abordagem de engenharia de requisitos. A partir da avaliação realizada foi possível concluir que, de forma geral, o perfil de competências do engenheiro de produção é desenvolvido, entretanto, para a modernização do curso ainda são necessários ao desenvolvimento mais aprofundado de determinadas competências e a inclusão de práticas pedagógicas ativas em maior quantidade de disciplinas
Experiences and Support Needs for AAC Use and Self-Determination in Adults with Cerebral Palsy using Personal Assistant Service
Authors: Cho Ara , An Hyesin , Park Eunhye ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: This study investigated the experiences and perceptions of AAC use and self-determination among people with severe cerebral palsy, to examine their needs for support for improvement of self-determination and the direction of follow-up studies. Method: 4 persons with severe cerebral palsy using AAC and 4 personal assistants were individually interviewed. Results: As a result, 5 major topics and 16 subtopics were derived. Conclusion: Since self-determination ability is closely related to communication ability, support for AAC is essential for improving self-determination of people with severe cerebral palsy using AAC. So, education on the importance of self-determination is necessary.
Development of AAC Vocabulary List for Community Living of People with Communication Disabilities - Focusing on Public Institutions
Authors: Chae Soojung , Lee Heeyeon , Hong Ki-Hyung ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic resource necessary for communication in public institutions by developing an Augmentative and Alternative Communication(AAC) vocabulary list for community living for people with communication disabilities. Method: Using Google Maps platform, a list of the favorite places of people in the community was made and 12 public institutions were selected. Vocabularies appropriate to each place were developed and importance of vocabulary was presented using a 5-point Likert scale. Vocabulary validity tests were conducted two times on parents with children with developmental disabilities and also on AAC experts. Results: Firstly, as a result of the vocabulary importance test, a total of 307 vocabularies were derived by selecting vocabularies with an average of 3.5 or higher. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the finally selected vocabularies, most words were nouns followed by verbs and adjectives. Discussion and Conclusion: The vocabulary list generated in this study can be used as a fundamental resource for vocabulary instruction for people with communication disabilities, including those with developmental disabilities, at public institutions in the community.
Energy and exergy optimization of oxidative steam reforming of acetone–butanol–ethanol–water mixture as a renewable source for H2 production via thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Kumar Brajesh , Sinha Shishir , Kumar Shashi , Kumar Surendra
Published: July 2021

Acetone–butanol–ethanol–water mixture is obtained by fermentation of biomass namely, corncob, wheat straw, sugarbeets, sugarcane, etc. For using the individual components, one alternative is to separate the mixture by distillation, which is costly and energy intensive operation. This paper proposes its other use in available conditions to produce hydrogen fuel by oxidative steam reforming process. For the proposed process, thermodynamic equilibrium modeling has been performed by using non-stoichiometric approach of Gibbs free energy minimization. The compositions of acetone, butanol and ethanol in mixture are 0.33:0.52:0.15 on molar basis. The influence of pressure (1–10 atm), temperature (573–1473 K), steam to ABE mixture molar feed ratio (F
ABE = 5.5–8.5), and oxygen to ABE mixture molar feed ratio (F
OABE = 0.25–1) have been tested by simulations on the yield of products (at equilibrium) namely, H2, CH4, CO2, CO, and carbon as solid. The optimum conditions for maximum production of desired H2, minimization of undesired CH4, and elimination of carbon (solid) formation are T = 973 K, P = 1 atm, F
ABE = 8.5, and F
OABE = 0.25. Under same operating conditions, the maximum generation of H2 is 7.51 on molar basis with negligible carbon formation. The total energy requirement for the process (295.73 kJ/mol), the energy required/mol of hydrogen (39.37 kJ), and thermal efficiency (68.09%) of the reformer have been obtained at same operating conditions. The exergy analysis has also been investigated to measure the work potential of the energy implied in the reforming process.
„Endlich den ganzen Grimm“: Buch- und Publikationsgeschichte der neuen und neuesten vollständigen koreanischen Ausgaben der KHM
Authors: Sukyoung Jin
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht die aktuelle Phase der Rezeption der Kinder- und Hausmärchen (KHM) der Brüder Grimm in Korea. Sie beginnt in den 1990er Jahren und erstreckt sich bis heute. In diesem Zeitraum sind drei vollständige Ausgaben erschienen, die auf dem deutschen Ausgangstext (der Ausgabe letzter Hand, 1857) beruhen. Diese stehen im Fokus dieses Beitrags. Untersucht werden die Voraussetzungen und die Realisierung dieser koreanischen Ausgaben, die sich voneinander erheblich unterscheiden, in Hinblick etwa auf Absichten der Verleger, Übersetzungskonzepte, das erwartete Publikum, die Ausstattung der Bücher. Dies alles wird vergleichend herausgearbeitet.
Dephosphorization mechanism and phase change in the reduction of converter slag
Authors: Xue Yuekai , Tian Peng , Li Chenxiao , Zhou Chaogang , Zhao Dingguo , Wang Shuhuan
Published: July 2021

In the steelmaking process, the remained converter slag with P-containing materials is harmful to the molten steel in the next furnace. By the slag-splashing process with air blowing, P in the molten slag can be reduced and separated from the slag in the form of gas. In this paper, the reduction experiments of converter slag were carried out by flowing N2 at high temperatures, and the P-containing gas formed in this process was cooled and collected in water. It is found that the P gas was mainly composed of P2, which matched well with the results predicted by the FactSage7.2 calculation. The reaction mechanism of gasification dephosphorization in molten slag was analyzed, which was mainly proceeded on the surface of the slag. SEM-EDS and XRD were used to detect and characterize the samples. The ore phase of the converter slag and the gasification dephosphorization slag was determined, and the phase change was analyzed and compared.
Patent Valuation Using Citations: A Review and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Werner Dan , Dang Huy
Published: July 2021

As a result of studies demonstrating a correlation between a patent’s value and its forward citation count, patent valuation using forward citations has been increasingly used by practitioners when a patent’s value has not been otherwise established. Although potential limitations of patent citation analysis have been discussed in the past, there is little empirical research demonstrating the sensitivity of estimated patent values to various assumptions embedded within the method. We first summarize an approach that has been used by prior practitioners to estimate the relative value of patents within a portfolio using forward citations, and then perform various analyses to investigate the sensitivity of the approach to certain assumptions. We find that some concerns of prior literature are well-founded, while others are less so. For example, we confirm that biased valuations will result from failure to properly control for patent age and technology. Our analysis also finds that truncation bias is a problem when analyzing recently issued patents, which confirms findings from existing literature. We estimate the rate at which such truncation bias dissipates as patents age and find that the bias for the median patent is reduced to below 10% within five years from the date of publication, although additional variation can remain on an individualized level. Regarding the issue of self-citations, we find that the valuation approach using forward citation analysis can be (but is not always) sensitive to the issue of self-citations, with a median difference of 16.8%. Finally, the valuation approach using forward citation analysis appears to be robust to assumptions underlying patent cohort construction.
Multilingual lexical transfer challenges monolingual educational norms: not quite!
Authors: Lorenz Eliane , Hasai Yevheniia , Siemund Peter
Published: July 2021

Foreign language learners frequently use words from their previously acquired language(s) in the target language, especially if these languages are related (Ringbom, Håkan. 2001. Lexical transfer in L3 production. In Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen & Ulrike Jessner (eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives, 59–68. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters). Such insertions are referred to as ‘lexical transfer’, commonly divided into ‘transfer of form’ and ‘transfer of meaning’ (Bardel, Camilla. 2015. Lexical cross-linguistic influence in third language development. In Hagen Peukert (ed.), Transfer effects in multilingual language development, 111–128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; Ringbom, Håkan. 2001. Lexical transfer in L3 production. In Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen & Ulrike Jessner (eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives, 59–68. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters). Lexical transfer challenges the monolingual habitus prevailing in foreign language classes which requires students to rely exclusively on the target language and inhibit other influences. Thus, in such English classes, students should avoid the use of different languages and ideally only produce monolingual English output. In this context, the current study investigates the use of lexical transfer instances in short English texts written by bilingual (Russian/Turkish-German) and monolingual (German) secondary school students (initially attending year 7) from a longitudinal perspective. It assesses i) whether the students increasingly adhere to the imposed normative rules and ii) what influence background variables such as language background (mono- vs. bilingual), type of school (higher vs. lower academic track), gender (female vs. male), or age (four measurement points over a period of 2.5 years) exert on the use of lexical transfer instances. Apart from gender, all factors impact lexical transfer in a statistically significant way, evoking different norm-based explanations.
Effect of PVA fiber on mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Zhang Peng , Han Xu , Zheng Yuanxun , Wan Jinyi , Hui David
Published: July 2021

The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content on mechanical and fracture properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) were investigated in the present study. Mechanical properties include cubic compressive, prism compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, and elastic modulus. The evaluation indices in fracture properties were measured by using the three-point bending test. Geopolymer was prepared by fly ash, metakaolin, and alkali activator, which was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The volume fractions of PVA fiber (length 12 mm and diameter 40 μm) were 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0%. The results indicate that the effects of the PVA fiber on the cubic and prism compressive strengths and elastic modulus are similar. A tendency of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the PVA fiber content was observed in these properties. They all reached a maximum at 0.2% PVA fiber content. There was also a similar tendency of first increase and then decrease for tensile and flexural strengths, peak load, critical effective crack lengths, fracture toughness, and fracture energy of GPC, which were significantly improved by the PVA fiber. They reached a maximum at 0.8% PVA fiber content, except the tensile strength whose maximum was at 1.0% PVA fiber volume fraction. Considering the parameters analyzed, it seems that the 0.8% PVA fiber content provides optimal reinforcement of the mechanical properties of GPC.
Efficient adsorption of chlorpyrifos onto modified activated carbon by gamma irradiation; a plausible adsorption mechanism
Authors: Yahia Mohamed S. , Elzaref Ahmed S. , Awad Magdy B. , Tony Ahmed M. , Elfeky Ahmed S.
Published: July 2021

Commercial Granulated Active Carbon (GAC) has been modified using 10 Gy dose Gamma irradiation (GAC10 Gy) for increasing its ability of air purification. Both, the raw and treated samples were applied for removing Chlorpyrifos pesticide (CPF) from ambient midair. Physicochemical properties of the two materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The phase formation and microstructure were monitored using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), supported with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Surface area measurement was detected using BET particle size prosometry. Obtained outcomes showed that, the maximum adsorption capacity, given by Langmuir equations, was greatly increased from 172.712 to 272.480 mg/g for GAC and GAC10 Gy, respectively, with high selectivity. The overall removal efficiency of GAC10 Gy was notably comparable to that of the original GAC-sorbent. The present study indicated that, gamma irradiation could be a promising technique for treating GAC and turned it more active in eliminating the pesticides pollutants from surrounding air. The data of equilibrium has been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, that were considerably better suited for the investigated materials than other models. The process kinetics of CPF adsorbed onto both tested carbon versions were found to obey the pseudo first order at all concentrations with an exception at 70 mg/l using GAC, where, the spontaneous exothermic adsorption of Chlorpyrifos is a strong function for the pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo second order (PSO) kinetics.
Effects of Resistance Training Methods on Golf Clubhead Speed and Hitting Distance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Uthoff Aaron , Sommerfield Lesley M. , Pichardo Andrew W.
Published: July 2021

Uthoff, A, Sommerfield, LM, and Pichardo, AW. Effects of resistance training methods on golf clubhead speed and hitting distance: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2651–2660, 2021—Resistance training is widely regarded within the golfing community to improve golf performance by increasing clubhead speed (CHS) and drive distance and can be classified into 3 categories: nonspecific, specific, and combined. However, it is currently unclear which resistance training methods are most effective in improving predictors of golf performance. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compare the effectiveness of nonspecific, specific, and combined strength training methods on CHS and drive distance. A systematic search strategy was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines to identify eligible articles through PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and Google Scholar. The searches identified 4,557 potentially relevant results, with 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Thirteen studies investigated nonspecific resistance training, one study investigated specific resistance training, and 7 studies investigated combined resistance training. Collectively, resistance training positively impacts golf CHS and hitting distance, but adaptations vary depending on the type and intensity of training, as well as subject's characteristics. Using a combination of nonspecific and golf-specific training (average increase of 4.1% CHS and 5.2% hitting distance) seems to enhance golf performance more than nonspecific strength training (average increase of 1.6% CHS and 4.8% hitting distance). Eight-week programs including golf-specific movements at high velocities for 3 to 4 sets of 5 to 15 repetitions are the most effective in increasing CHS and hitting distance. Future research investigating how golf-specific training influences CHS and hitting distance in various subgroups may provide further insight regarding prescription of this training type.
Effects of Kinesio Taping and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Combined With Active Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility
Authors: Adhitya I Putu Gde Surya , Yu Wen-Yu , Bass Paul , Kinandana Gede Parta , Lin Mau-Roung
Published: July 2021

Adhitya, IPGS, Yu, W-Y, Bass, P, Kinandana, GP, and Lin, M-R. Effects of Kinesio taping and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with active stretching on hamstring flexibility. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3087–3092, 2022—Active stretching (AS), Kinesio taping (KT), and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are frequently used to ameliorate pain and improve the ranges of motion (ROM) of athletes; however, the effectiveness of KT and TENS combined with AS in ameliorating short hamstring syndrome is yet to be determined. In this single-blinded randomized trial, 135 male soccer players with bilateral short hamstring syndrome were assigned to 3 intervention groups—AS, KT + AS, and TENS + AS—through block randomization. Each subject received the intervention twice per week for 4 weeks. The ROM of both legs was assessed through passive knee extension and straight leg raising tests at baseline and the end of the intervention. After the 4-week intervention, significant ROM changes in both legs were detected in the AS (9.5°–18.4°), KT + AS (14.9°–22.4°), and TENS + AS (14.9°–22.3°) groups. Compared with the AS group, both the KT + AS (3.8°–5.7°) and TENS + AS (3.9°–5.7°) groups showed significantly increased ROM in both legs over the intervention period, and no significant differences were observed in ROM changes between the KT + AS and TENS + AS groups. In conclusion, both KT and TENS in combination with AS may increase ROM more than AS alone, and the improvements obtained using KT with AS and TENS with AS may be similar.
Learning Community and Its Impact on Attitude toward Computer-Based Statistics
Authors: Sagala Gaffar Hafiz , Ramdhansyah Ramdhansyah , Nurhayani Ulfa
Published: July 2021

This study examined the three dimensions that should exist in a learning community, namely Student Cohesiveness, Integration, and Task Orientation, related to their influence on attitude toward computer-based statistics. Attitude toward computer-based statistics itself is measured using constructs of the revised Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study was designed to justify the value of information systems (IS) in overcoming accounting students' statistical problems. The use of IS probable to reduce the pressure in dealing with statistics so that there is an opportunity to increase accounting students' competitive advantage. The respondents consisted of 105 undergraduate accounting students. The data was collected using a 5-scale Likert questionnaire then analyzed using Structural Equational Modelling (SEM). With purposive sampling, this study was collected 105 responses obtained from private and state universities. The results indicate that task orientation is the key indicator of the learning community, affecting attitude toward computer-based statistics. Meanwhile, the second-order factors show that all three predictors were essential in explaining attitude toward computer-based statistics and significantly impacted Reuse Intention. This study also suggests implementing an informal learning community to build learning dynamics that are more independent but still controllable so that the learning topic is integrated with certain subjects.
Online-Based Simple Cooperative Learning Design (SCL-D) for Accounting
Authors: Mentari Sriyani , Andayani Endang Sri , Sulikah Sulikah , Nagari Primasa Minerva
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to provide an alternative design for Simple Cooperative Learning on online learning by accommodating a variety constraints and difficulties faced by teachers and students and answer weaknesses of existing methods. This study used research and development method using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) design to produce an online-based cooperative learning model, namely SCL-D (Simple Cooperative Learning Design). The survey was conducted on a sample of 153 students at state and private vocational schools in Malang city. The results of this research are a learning model. Therefore, this method is suitable for completing research objectives, namely producing an SCL-D learning model that is suitable for learning accounting for vocational high schools with 3M requirements â€˜easy, cheap, and attractiveâ€™. Online-based learning has many advantages as well as weaknesses. Various e-learning platforms make it easy for teachers and students to interact in online learning. The teacher's ability to design attractive distant learning is a determining factor for the success of the learning process. The test results of the SCL-D model show that through this simple cooperative learning design improves student learning achievement.
Effect of Self-Efficacy and Technostress on Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitments
Authors: Magistra Shaliha Nur , Santosa Sigit , Indriayu Mintasih
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy on the performance of high school teachers and organizational commitment, determine the effect of technostress on the performance of high school teachers, determine the effect of technostress on high school teacher and organizational commitment, and to know the effect of self-efficacy and technostress on the performance of high school teachers in Purwokerto through organizational commitment. The population in this study were 400 high school teachers in Purwokerto. The sample used a proportional random sampling. A questionnaire was used as a method of data collection. The data analysis method used a search method based on the SEM-path analysis model. The results showed that self-efficacy had a significant effect on the performance of high school teachers. Self-efficacy had a significant effect on the organizational commitment of high school teachers. Technostress had a significant effect on the performance of high school teachers. Technostress had a significant effect on the organizational commitment of high school teachers. Self-efficacy and Technostress had a significant effect on the performance of high school teachers in Purwokerto through organizational commitment.
Music Accompaniment Of Japin Carita South Kalimantan
Authors: Mahendra Benny , Cahaya Noor , Najamudin Muhammad
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted due to the lack of public knowledge about the music accompaniment of Japin Carita from South Kalimantan. This research focused more on the theory and practice of music science regarding the music accompaniment of this local South Kalimantan theater. This research used naturalistic qualitative method because it was held in natural conditions (natural setting), this method is also called the ethnographic method. Data gathering techniques include; observation, interview, documentation. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Japin Carita is a traditional theater art from South Kalimantan which is derived from the art of Japin, a dance that originates from Arab. The word Japin in Arabic originating from the word zafin which means fast footwork, and just like the definition Japin dance movement is indeed prioritizing foot movements. The structure of musical forms that can be used as music accompaniment to Japin Carita are; Gasim, Takzim, Rawis, Melagu, Nyanyian, and Tahtim. Japin music in Japin Carita theater is not only for the opening music, but also when the actors enter and leave the stage, and for the closing music. Music illustrations depicting the atmosphere of a place or the mood of an actor, whether sad, afraid, anxious, happy and so on must also follow the rhythm of Japin music. Japin Carita musical instruments consist of baboons, gongs, violins, keprak, and gambus. The function of Japin music accompaniment includes entertainment media, communication media, symbolic tribute, physical responses, continuity media, cultural statistics, and atmosphere proponent of the Japin Carita play/ script.