bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video and media technologies in the educational space as a form of mental representation of students of different cultures
Authors: Zvonova Elena V. , S. Babieva Nigina , Mamedova Alisa V. , Tarabakina Lyudmila V. , Pestereva Nikol A. , Kerimova Izumrud A.
Published: November 2021

The search for conditions to create a developing learning environment, methods and means of teaching is the main objective of psychological science. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the active development of intercultural communication processes, in which advertising plays an important role. This circumstance requires the inclusion of video and media technologies in the training of specialists in the field of advertising.  The purpose of the paper is to describe the course and the results of the study of imaginal representations in advertising aimed at promoting goods in different cultures. The leading method in the study of this problem was the semantic differential which allows one to identify the difference in the semantic content of the commercial of a popular drink produced by an international company. Fifty students who are representatives of religious and non-religious cultures, aged between 18 and 30 participated in the study. The authors of the paper put forward the assumption that since social representations are formed and depicted in different cultures which are different from the social representations of other cultures, the content of the advertising text will be interpreted in different ways. This can affect people’s behavior of different cultures. The content of imaginal representations was studied in the process of perceiving the advertisement of a popular drink. The results of the study showed a significant difference in the content of imaginal representations of the experimental groups. However, the study showed that this difference did not influence consumers’ behavior. The materials of the paper may be useful for psychologists studying intercultural differences, as well as specialists in advertising psychology, when developing advertising texts for multicultural goods and services.

Keywords: video and media technologies, imaginal representations, advertisement, culture, types of cultures, behavior.
Enhancement of Educators’ Digital Competences in the Acquisition Programming Fundamentals in Programming Environment Scratch
Authors: Medveckis Arturs , Pigozne Tamara , Tomsons Dzintars
Published: November 2021

Life-long learning, including development of professional competence, is an essential paradigm of the 21st century. The goal of this research is to analyse the quality and efficiency of the educators’ professional competence enhancement programme dubbed “Fundamentals of Programming in Visual Programming Environment Scratch” in accordance with the following criteria: organization, lecturer’s competence, quality of handouts, content, expectations, usefulness, applicability, and the overall assessment of the programme. The target group of the research is 98 educators of Latvia. Data was collected using close and open questions to ensure triangulation of data. Results were analysed using SPSS 20. The correlation coefficient was used to analyse the data. Per the results of the analysis, the acquisition of the professional competence enhancement programme, educators have significantly improved their knowledge in programming, as well as the digital competence in general

Keywords: educators’ professional competence; digital competence; fundamentals of programming;  programming environment;  Scratch.
Digitalization in international and mass education: A model proposal for Turkey
Authors: Gezici Hikmet Salahaddin , Taşpınar Yasin , Kocaoglu Mustafa
Published: November 2021

There is a debate as to whether internationalization should be a target or a means to achieve goals with broader perspectives. Digitalization, on the other hand, is a de facto trend that permeates all communicative, economic and social areas. For this purpose, the study aimed to examine literature on the field and the findings of the researchers on the issue were included. The research also discussed the internationalization and digitalization efforts carried out in the world and in Turkey. An internationalization model proposal for the Turkish higher education system is presented in outline, taking the best practices around the world into account. Model involves a digitalization-oriented education approach that aims to increase the opportunities for students to get support from their families and to minimize their socio-economic difficulties. The contributions of a massification provided by digitalization to international education have been revealed in this study.

Keywords: digitalization; education; internationalization; massification; Turkey.
Efeitos macroeconômicos da seguridade social num contexto de bônus demográfico: simulação de um modelo do ciclo da vida
Authors: Reichert Henrique , Bonini Patricia , Fernandes Custodio Carolina
Published: November 2021

Esse artigo analisa o impacto de política fiscal e de seguridade social em presença de bônus demográfico num modelo de equilíbrio geral dinâmico com agentes se comportando de acordo com a hipótese do ciclo da vida. Permitindo uma estrutura demográfica não estacionária, sob a hipótese do ciclo da vida, o modelo teórico captura o impacto da política fiscal e de seguridade social sobre a distribuição de renda durante a fase de bônus demográfico. O método de análise se baseia em técnicas de economia computacional para simular choques demográficos a partir do equilíbrio estacionário do modelo. O crescimento provisório da parcela da população correspondente aos trabalhadores causa aumento da poupança e redução da taxa de juros. Já o estoque de capital segue uma trajetória em forma de U invertido, tal como sugerido na literatura. A políticas que elevam o grau de contribuição da seguridade social são ferramentas de estímulo ao consumo e à redistribuição da renda em favor dos aposentados. A principal contribuição do artigo é fornecer uma análise das implicações macroeconômicas do bônus demográfico a partir de um modelo teórico com fundamentos microeconômicos para as decisões de consumo e acumulação de ativos.
Ahorro en los hogares de México: ¿importa el lugar de residencia?
Authors: Bolaños Isalia Nava , Amaya Gonzalo Esteban Negreros , Granados Martínez Abraham
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se analiza el perfil de ahorro de los hogares rurales y urbanos en México. A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 1994 a 2014 se construye un panel sintético y se estima un modelo semiparamétrico que permite identificar los perfiles por edades. Los resultados contrastan con la hipótesis del ciclo de vida, el perfil por edades no muestra una forma de U invertida, hay evidencia de mayor ahorro en las edades avanzadas. Los perfiles de ahorro son mayores en los hogares urbanos, en particular en aquellos con personas mayores y acceso a la salud.
Estratégias reprodutivas e evolução da fronteira agrícola na Amazônia brasileira: um estudo qualitativo em Machadinho d’Oeste
Authors: Vasconcelos de Souza Barros Juliana , Lídia Rodríguez Wong Laura , Flávio Barbieri Alisson
Published: November 2021

Analisam-se as estratégias reprodutivas de duas coortes de mulheres que viveram seu período reprodutivo em diferentes estágios de evolução de uma região de fronteira agrícola na Amazônia brasileira. Entende-se por estratégia reprodutiva a adoção de determinado comportamento reprodutivo e contraceptivo segundo as possibilidades e adversidades oferecidas no contexto da fronteira. O objetivo é avaliar as mudanças nessa estratégia ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento desse tipo de fronteira. As distintas condições socioeconômicas que os estágios de desenvolvimento da fronteira oferecem tornariam as estratégias reprodutivas diferenciadas, influenciando as decisões das mulheres que viveram seu período reprodutivo nas fases iniciais ou nas mais avançadas da fronteira. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em Machadinho d’Oeste, Rondônia, com 60 mulheres. Os resultados apontam que, contrariamente ao referido na literatura, não haveria uma relação direta entre uso da terra e o número de filhos. O comportamento reprodutivo de cada coorte se relaciona mais à infraestrutura de serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva e às condições socioeconômicas individuais e da fronteira. Para ambos os grupos, porém, a união e a maternidade são precoces e existem elevada falha contraceptiva e alta proporção de laqueadura.
PROPERTIES OF BOILER FUEL COMPOUNDED BY NARROW FUEL FRACTIONS
Authors: Shevchenko K. , Grigorov A. , Sinkevich I.
Published: November 2021

In order to improve the performance properties, in particular viscosity-temperature, of boiler fuel, it is proposed to combine them with narrow fuel fractions obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials (low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene).

When compounding grade 100 fuel oil with narrow fuel fractions, the values ​​of density are reduced to 865 (873) kg / m3, conditional viscosity to 2.50 (2.63) deg. um., pour point up to 8 (13) °C), sulfur content up to 0.17 wt%. and the lower heat of combustion increases to 43606 (43850) kJ / kg. At the same time, there is a gradual decrease in the value of the flash point to 114 (127) °C.

This reduction is a negative point, which leads to increased fire safety of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transport. However, the values of the flash point, according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, are within acceptable limits. That is, the value of this indicator can limit the content of fuel oil in narrow fuel fractions.

It is determined that the rational concentration of narrow fuel fractions in the composition of fuel oil grade 100, is within 30% of the mass. Within these limits, there is a permissible decrease in flash point values – an indicator that characterizes the fire hazard of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transportation against the background of improving other performance properties of fuel oil.

The production of the proposed compound boiler fuel on the one hand allows to expand the raw material base of the process by involving in the production process secondary polymer raw materials – solid waste subject to mandatory disposal, on the other – to meet existing demand for boiler fuel by increasing its production.
HEAT FLOWS INTEGRATION OF DISTILLATION AND EPURATION COLUMNS INTO THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL
Authors: Riabova I. , Hariev A. , Hariev L. , Gorbunov K.
Published: November 2021

Today, ethyl alcohol is widely used in many industries. Ethanol production processes from any organic matter often involve rectification, which is an energy-intensive process. The constant increase in the cost of energy leads to a significant growth of the cost of production. Reducing the unit energy consumption can solve a range of important issues: first, that of decreasing production cost, and secondly, that of nationwide dependence on external energy suppliers. A detailed analysis of the thermal energy potential of technological flows aimed at solving the problem of reducing energy consumption inspires the development of more energy-efficient solutions for organizing this processes.

The search for alternative solutions demonstrates that one of the methods of reducing the unit energy consumption for ethanol production, in particular one that does not require a total restructuring of the production lines, is the method of integration of processes based on pinch analysis.

The extraction of these technological flows was carried out on the basis of the regulatory documentation of the hardware-technological scheme of the centralized ethyl alcohol head fraction distillation plant and the energy audit report of that plant, which was carried out at one of the alcohol enterprises of Ukraine.

A distillation and a purification column were selected from the centralized ethyl alcohol distillation plant for thermal integration of the existing process. The thermal and material balances of the ethyl alcohol head fraction distillation plant columns were calculated.

To maximize the energy potential of the heat flows, the principles of pinch design were applied and a grid diagram of heat exchanger networks was designed.

To maximize the recovery of thermal energy, the difference ΔTmin was set to - 3ºC. This led to the need to use energy-efficient heat exchange equipment. A significant reduction in the use of external utilities (by 48% for cold utilitie and by 38% for hot utilitie) for selected heat flows and a short payback period for the project (approximately three months) makes this solution viable.
INTEGRATION OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESS OF POWER PLANT
Authors: Selikhov Yu. , Kotsarenko V. , Gorbunov K.
Published: November 2021

Renewable energy sources (RES) are not limited by geologically accumulated reserves. Their use and consumption will not lead to the inevitable depletion of the Earth's reserves, and they do not pollute the environment. The main motive for the accelerated development of renewable energy in Europe, the United States and many other countries is concern for energy independence and environmental safety. Thus, the EU has adopted a program to achieve the contribution of renewable energy sources to the energy balance by 2020 up to 20%, and by 2040 – up to 40%. Renewable energy is characterized by versatility and diversity. In the list of tasks arising in the implementation of renewable energy (RE) projects (except technological and technical), there are issues of assessing the possibility and efficiency of using RES for energy supply to the regions. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that often the user is interested in comprehensive assessments for various types of energy sources. In specific regions, the most effective can be either the use of hybrid power plants, or the creation of thermal power plants using various types of renewable energy. In connection with the complexity of this problem, as well as the geographic “regionality” of renewable energy, the topic of this article becomes possible and relevant. A heat and power plant is proposed for supplying: electricity, hot water, hot air and heating, in which, together with a wind power generator, a double-circuit solar installation, a heat pump, electricity and heat accumulators are used. This installation allows to reduce the cost of heat energy by reducing material consumption and costs of equipment used, to save fossil fuel; produce electricity and supply the surplus to the state power grid; reduce heat load and environmental pollution.
Bahasa Indonesia sebagai Bahasa Persatuan dalam Bermedia Sosial
Authors: Isfak Muhammad Ainun , Muthoharoh Nurul , Etikasari Dian
Published: November 2021

Social media is a big challenge for the Indonesian people to be able to defend themselves in the midst of associations between ethnic groups. The Indonesian nation must be able to respond to these challenges. One thing that needs to be considered is the issue of the unity and integrity of the Indonesian nation. Social media with all its influences has a broad impact on all aspects of life, especially language. With the increasingly intense use of language, especially Indonesian, which is used by almost all circles of society. This allows the erosion of the use of the standard Indonesian language. The Indonesian language has proven itself since the Youth Pledge was made as a tool that can unite the Indonesian people, which consist of very diverse social and cultural backgrounds. The function of the Indonesian language as a unifying tool for the nation must always be preserved.
Kebiasaan Membaca Santri di Pondok Pesantren Sirojut Tholibin Tulungagung
Authors: Fahriani Dita Karisma , Mulyaningtyas Rahmawati
Published: November 2021

Reading is one of the activities that are beneficial for people life. Reading has various benefits in everyday life. By reading, people can find various information, insights, and knowledge. By reading, a person can solve the problems of his life. Therefore, the habit of reading must be grown and improved, especially in educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools. This research aims to describe the reading habits of the Islamic boarding schools students and the factors that influence these reading habits. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The data collection technique used is distribute questionnaires onto research subjects. The subjects of this research are 10 female students of the Sirojut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School Tulungagung. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded: (1) The reading habits of the students of the Sirojut Tholibin Islamic Boarding School Tulungagung can be analyzed from the duration of reading, the time used in reading books, the types of books that the students prefer (2) Factors that influence the reading habits of the students include the reading motivation of the students, the schedule of the boarding school, and the attitude of the students towards reading activities.
Eﬀect of the combination of theophylline and budesonide on production of proinﬂammatory cytokines by blood cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kadushkin A. G. , Taganovich A. D. , Movchan L. V. , Talabaeva E. I. , Plastinina A. V. , Shman T. V.
Published: November 2021

The objective: to evaluate the ability of the combination of theophylline and budesonide to suppress proinﬂammatory cytokine production byblood cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Subjects and Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or whole blood cells of COPD patients (n = 27) were incubated with budesonide (10 nM), theophylline (1 μM), or the combination thereof and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. The enzyme immunoassay was used to evaluate the secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), IL-33, and other mediators of PBMC cells, and induced PHA. The ﬂow cytometry was used to analyze intracellular production of proinﬂammatory cytokines stimulated by PMA/ionomycin in T-helpers (CD4+) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+).

Results. Theophylline reduced the secretion of IL-4 and IL-17A by PBMC cells. The combination of budesonide with theophylline inhibited the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-33, TSLP, MIF by PBMC cells as well as the production of IL-4, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and T-helpers. The combination of theophylline and budesonide had a more pronounced inhibitory eﬀect on the production of IL-4 and IL-8 by PBMC cells as well as the synthesis of IL-4 by CD4+ T-cells and IL8 by CD8+ T-lymphocytes versus the eﬀect of monotherapy with budesonide.
Incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Toktogonova A. A. , Mukanbaev K. M. , Kozhomkulov M. D. , Kozhomkulov D.
Published: November 2021

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is widespread in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR). General practitioners fail to diagnose in time a signiﬁcant number of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In the Kyrgyz Republic, in 2019 the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis made 19.5 per 100,000 population, tuberculous exudative pleurisy (50.6%) and bone and joint tuberculosis (18.1%) prevailed in the structure.
Surgical treatment of patients with HIV-associated respiratory tuberculosis and diﬀerent immune status
Authors: Shugaeva S. N. , Suzdalnitskiy A. E. , Savilov E. D.
Published: November 2021

The objective of the study: to evaluate the impact of HIV infection on the nature and results of surgical interventions in respiratory tuberculosis (RTB) patients with the relevance of their immune status.

Subjects and Methods. An ambispective observational study with continuous sampling included 565 patients above 18 years old who underwent surgical interventions. The study participants were divided into RTB+HIV Group (90 patients) with HIV-associated respiratory tuberculosis and RTB Group which included 475 HIV negative patients with respiratory tuberculosis. In RTB+HIV Group, patients were divided into three subgroups: with CD4-lymphocyte count below 200 cl/μL (n = 41), 200-499 cl/μL (n = 26), and 500 or more cl/μL (n = 23).

Results. Compared to RTB Group, RTB+HIV Group was found to have less frequent resection surgery (24%; p < 0.0001; OR = 3.0) with acomparable frequency of collapsed surgery (4%; p > 0.05) and much more frequent thoracic diagnostic surgery (11%; p < 0.0001; OR = 10.6) and extrathoracic surgery (50%; p < 0.0001; OR = 6.8). In RTB+HIV Group, patients with CD4-lymphocyte count below 200 cells/μL (46%; p < 0.05) who had no resection surgery predominated, and the rate of collapsed surgery was 2.4% (p < 0.0001). There were no statistically signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the incidence of postoperative complications for each individual type of surgery when stratifying participants by CD4-lymphocyte count in the intergroup comparison, as well as in RTB+HIV Group.
Development of pulmonary tuberculosis in the patient with systemic sarcoidosis and brain involvement
Authors: Korzh E. V. , Podchos N. A. , Iskevich S. A. , Perederiy O. E.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a clinical case of pulmonary tuberculosis with destruction and bacterial excretion in the patient with systemic sarcoidosis and cerebral lesions. Tuberculosis was characterized by the inﬁltrate and cavity in S1+2 of the left lung, tuberculous mycobacteria were detected by microscopy, GeneXpertMBT/Rif, and culture. Systemic sarcoidosis with brain involvement was diagnosed based on intrathoracic lymphadenopathy in 2015, development of dissemination in the lungs and neurological symptoms by 2018, deterioration of changes by 2019, rapid partial resolution of foci in the lungs, and moderate regression of neurological disorders during the treatment with prednisolone. A full course of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy (316 doses) resulted in persistent sputum conversion, resolution of the inﬁltrate and cavity healing. Prednisolone was administered simultaneously for 318 days with increased doses (45-35 mg) for the ﬁrst 2 months, then titrated down to 15 mg and remained so until the end of the treatment with gradual reduction and discontinuation. Changes in the lungs and improvement of clinical and radiological manifestations of neurosarcoidosis were documented.
Comparison of variants of anesthesia for left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with atrial fbrillation
Authors: Pevzner D. V. , Merkulova I. A. , Alieva A. K. , Gadzhibekov N. Ch. , Avetisyan E. A. , Kochergin N. A. , Ganyukov V. I.
Published: November 2021

Objective: comparison of general anesthesia (GA) and intravenous conscious sedation during left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO).

Materials and Methods. The study included 120 patients from LAAO Register at the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, who were divided into GA (n = 100) and intravenous sedation (n = 20) groups. In-hospital outcomes were assessed, as well as outcomes and data of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) at 45 days and 6 months.

Results. 3 patients required intraoperative conversion of the anesthetic method to GA. The duration of the procedure, the time of ﬂuoroscopy, the amount of contrast medium, and the technical success did not diﬀer signifcantly between the two groups. The incidence of in-hospital complications in the GA group was 10%, and 15% in the intravenous sedation group (p = 0.453). There were no statistically signifcant diﬀerences between the groups in long-term outcomes and TEE data after 45 days and 6 months.

Conclusion. Combined intravenous sedation with local anesthesia is an eﬀective and fairly safe method of anesthesiological support for implantation of the occluder of the left atrial auricle. It can be used in patients with a high risk of GA, with predictable difculties of tracheal intubation, as well as if the patient wishes accordingly. The limitations of the use of intravenous sedation in combination with local anesthesia are anatomical variants of SFM that are difcult for occluder implantation, as well as the patient's low tolerance to ECG in consciousness.
Nosocomial meningitis laboratory criteria in ICU patients: 5-year surveillance
Authors: Kurdyumova N. V. , Usachev D. Yu. , Savin I. A. , Ershova O. N. , Gadzhieva O. A. , Shifrin M. A. , Danilov G. V. , Burov A. I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Nosocomial meningitis (NM) is one of the leading complications in neurosurgery due to high mortality and disability rates.

Objective. The study was aimed to determine the reference values of laboratory parameters to diagnose NM in neurosurgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Results. The incidence of NM in neurosurgical patients in ICU was 8.4 (95% CI 6.8–10. 0) per 100 patients. The dominant microbial agents of NM were coagulase-negative staphylococci, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae. We revealed the increase in leukocytosis, C-reactive protein, and blood procalcitonin in patients with infectious complications of other systems, regardless of NM presence. Episodes of hyponatremia and an increase in body temperature ≥ 38.0 occurred signifcantly more often in patients with NM. Changes in cerebrospinal ﬂuid (CSF) cytosis, glucose, lactate, and the CSF/blood glucose ratio can serve as reliable criteria in the NM diagnosis.

Conclusions. The diagnosis of NM is most likely when the increase in CSF cytosis > 65 cells/μL, CSF lactate > 4.2 mmol/L is observed, the decrease in the CSF glucose < 2.6 mmol, and CSF/blood glucose ratio < 0.45 is found.
Associations of molecular genetic predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia in extremely low birth weight infants
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Mingazov N. N. , Valiev R. R. , Lekmanov А. U.
Published: November 2021

Hyperglycemia in premature newborns is an independent risk factor for death, so blood glucose testing is widely used in the practice of neonatal intensive care units.

Objective: to evaluate the associations of the frequency of carriage of allelic variants of polymorphic loci of genes predisposing to type 2 diabetes mellitus in newborns with extremely low body weight and hyperglycemia.

Methods. The study design is prospective, controlled, single – center, non-randomized. Genomic DNA samples were studied in newborn infants with extremely low body weight (ELBW) (n = 105). Previously, we compared the distribution of allele frequencies of the studied genes between a group of newborns with ELBW and a population sample of adults (control). Then, the distribution of allele frequencies of the genes was compared depending on the presence of hyperglycemia in newborns with ELBW. For the analysis, loci with already known association with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected ‒ ADRB2 (rs1042713) and (rs1042714), ADRB3 (rs4994), GNB3 (rs5443), PPARA (rs4253778), PPARD (rs2016520), TCF7L2_IVS3 (rs7903146) and TCF7L2_IVS4 (rs12255372), PPARGC1A (rs8192678), MTHFR (rs1801131), PPARG (rs1801282), MTNR1B (rs10830963), SIRT1 (rs7069102).

Results. In newborns with ELBW, we found a more frequent occurrence of the mutant allele A of the polymorphic locus rs8192678 in the PPARGC1A gene and the allele C of the polymorphic locus rs4253778 in the PPARA gene, in contrast to the adult population sample. But in newborns with ELBW, hyperglycemia is most likely associated with the carrier of the allele C rs1801282 of the PPARG gene (χ2 = 18.972, p < 0.001) and the allele T rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene (χ2 = 11.496, p < 0.001).

Conclusions. The carriage of the allele С rs1801282 of the PPARG gene is characterized by the presence of a strong conjugation with hyperglycemia in newborns with extremely low body weight. It is desirable to monitor the level of glycemia in the conditions of neonatal intensive care units, taking into account the carriage of genes predisposing to hyperglycemia.
Controversial terms in anesthesiology and intensive care
Authors: Kondratyev A. N. , Tsentsiper L. M. , Terehov I. S. , Nechaeva E. A. , Koryachkin V. A. , Aleksandrovich Y. S. , Ivakhnova-Gordeeva A. M.
Published: November 2021

Medical vocabulary is a part of the Russian language used by the professional community. Most of the terms are borrowed from other languages and poorly understood by most native speakers. The development of medicine, in particular, anesthesiology and resuscitation, leads to the emergence of many new conditions, symptoms, syndromes and their defnitions. The latter often cause controversy among doctors. The article is devoted to some aspects of the appearance of controversial terms in anesthesiology and resuscitation to discuss them.
Clinical and economic assessment of the therapy of acute kidney injury in sepsis with continuous combined methods of renal replacement therapy
Authors: Polushin Y. . S , Dreval R. O. , Zabotina A. N.
Published: November 2021

Objective: complex assessment of clinical and economic eﬀectiveness as well as saving of the state budget assets within the therapy of patients with sepsis/septic shock based on diﬀerent technologies of blood purification.

Methods. Evaluation of direct and indirect costs of the eight blood purifcation methods. The target population includes adult patients 18+ with septic acute kidney injury. The study was conducted in compliance with acting Standards on Clinical Economic Studies used in the Russian Federation.

The study methods included evaluation of existing randomized clinical studies and trials with data from network meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the target technologies. The direct medical and indirect non-medical costs were calculated and analyzed in respect of cost-eﬀectiveness  and budget impact analyses.

Results. Direct and indirect costs were calculated for the sorption devices oXiris (Baxter International Inc.), Toraymyxin (Toray Medical Co.), Alteco LPS Adsorber (Alteco Medical AB), Toxipak (POKARD NPF), Desepta.LPS (BIOTECH M NPP), CytoSorb (CytoSorbents Inc.), HA330 (Jafron Biomedical Co.), Desepta (BIOTECH M NPP) for two time-horizons: 1-year period and 5-years period with discounting. For both periods, the use of oXiris hemoflter results in the least economic burden for the state budget.

Conclusion. The use of blood purifcation in septic patients therapy is associated with considerable direct and indirect fnancial expenses, the amount of which and consequential budget saving depend on the technology of blood purifcation applied. The actual tariﬀ compensation policy evidently demands revising.
Providing one-lung ventilation in posttracheostomic tracheal stenosis for thoracoscopic plastic of the right diaphragm dome
Authors: Kabakov D. G. , Zaytsev A. Yu. , Vyzhigina M. A. , Dubrovin K. V. , Kazaryan G. A. , Novikov D. I.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of a clinical case of providing artifcial one-lung ventilation for performing thoracoscopic plastic of the right dome of the diaphragm in a patient with grade 3 posttracheostomy cicatricial tracheal stenosis. The patient is presented after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 from 2020, prolonged mechanical ventilation through a tracheostomy tube (74 days), the development of medium thoracic cicatricial tracheal stenosis of grade 3 (the lumen of the narrowest part of the trachea is 4 mm) after decannulation and the development of relaxation of the right dome of the diaphragm (according to CT data, the dome is located at the level of the IV intercostal space). The frst stage under conditions of combined general anesthesia and high-frequency ventilation of the lungs was performed to restore the lumen of the trachea by bougienage of the stenosis area with tubes of a rigid endoscope under the control of a fberoptic bronchoscope with further nasotracheal intubation with a thermoplastic single-lumen endotracheal tube with a diameter of 8.0 with a cuﬀ. At the second stage, during thoracoscopic plastic of the right dome of the diaphragm, to provide artifcial one-lung ventilation, a bronchial blocker was used, introduced through the same endotracheal tube into the right main bronchus under the control of a fberoptic bronchoscope.
Sepsis: source control
Authors: Kulabukhov V. V. , Zubareva N. A. , Yartsev P. A.
Published: November 2021

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, which is manifested by the development of organ dysfunction due to generalized inﬂammation caused by the infection of various nature. Timely lesion debridement combined with adequate antibiotic therapy are important components of the successful treatment of sepsis. At the moment, there is no consensus about the volume and time of intervention in the development of surgical sepsis. The article discusses modern approaches to solving the problem of adequate sanitation of the source of infection. The results of few randomized trials in this area are presented.

Source control is absolutely essential for the successful treatment of sepsis. However, it is difcult to create a unifed algorithm for surgical control for all cases due to diﬀerent approaches depending on the infection location. Properly designed clinical trials are necessary to determine the optimal timing of surgery for sepsis and septic shock as least.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts from cones of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters
Authors: SABER Mohammed , HARHAR Hicham , EL HATTABİ Latifa , ZENGİN Gokhan , BOUYAHYA Abdelhakim , TABYAOUİ Mohamed
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity and the chemical composition of essential oils and organic extracts of Moroccan Tetraclinis articulata cones (Khemisset region). The GC–MS analysis of essential oils identified a total 23 volatile components. The major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (18.33%), cis-verbenone (10.02%), and L-pinocarveol (8. 32%). For phytosterols analysis of hexane extract, β-sitosterol constitutes the majority with a percentage of 77.74%. The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was high in the methanol extract (78.54±2.8 mg GAE / g and 41.11± 4.5 mg QE/g, respectively) and the Antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH method showed a strongest radical scavenging activity exhibition by the methanol extract (IC50=0.038±0.006 mg/mL). The results indicated that T. articulata contains bioactive compounds which are responsible for its antioxidant activity. Therefore, this plant could be potential candidates for the preparation of a natural antioxidant drug or an additive preparation.
Towards effective monitoring, control and surveillance policy and implementation in South Africa and its relevance to other Southern African States
Authors:   , Fikizolo Lisolomzi Assaph
Published: November 2021

The responsibility of Fisheries Governance Authorities (FGAs) is to ensure that there is sustainable utilisation and exploitation of marine living resources through effective Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS). MCS is a mechanism used to implement agreed policies, plans and strategies for oceans and fisheries governance, and it is key to their successful implementation. In the continent, the African Union (AU), through its agencies, economic and regional structures encourage and supports national and regional MCS programs. South Africa is a SADC coastal State with a fisheries governance branch mandated to ensure sustainable marine living resources’ utilisation with support from a national MCS program. This support depends on the effectiveness of the current national MCS organisational structure, capacity, legislative and policy framework, as well as regional cooperation. In addition to an extensive literature review, this study developed a MCS framework, following international fisheries legislation and guidelines, for testing the South African MCS’ conformity to such a model. Furthermore, Namibia and Mozambique were included as examples of SADC coastal States to determine their responsiveness to regional cooperation and coordination. Based on the framework, a questionnaire with four parts, Part A: Background Information; Part B: Evaluation of MCS Enablers; Part C: Evaluation of an MCS system process and its effectiveness – reactive approach; and Part D: - proactive approach was developed to collect information. The data was analysed, using appropriate statistical methods to determine, against set characteristics, the level of information that the government respondents could provide to the research topic, and to determine the effectiveness of the South African MCS program. Limited information from Namibia and Mozambique showed readiness in their respective MCS programs for a regional MCS integrated approach, as is the case with South Africa, but there is no serious engagement to implement any regional MCS program. Results showed that the South African MCS program's effectiveness is generally adequate, but there are challenges with planning; financial resources; MCS equipment; stakeholder engagement processes, and governance. A primary recommendation from this study was that business plans, as utilised in the private sector, should be developed by South African Fisheries Governance Authority (FGA) to address MCS governance shortcomings as revealed by this study. A reconfiguration of the MCS organisational structure to include a resource mobilisation unit is considered necessary to effect the much needed improvements.
Gaze patterns of expert and amateur sight-readers with particular focus on the cognitive underpinnings of reading key and time signatures
Authors:   , Viljoen Jacobus Frederick
Published: November 2021

Over the last decade, eye-tracking technology has provided researchers with specific tools to study the process of reading (language and music) empirically. Most of these studies have focused on the “Eye-Hand Span” phenomenon (the ability to read ahead of the point of playing). However, little research investigates the cognitive implications of specific aspects of musical notation when performed in real time. This research aimed to observe the fixations patterns of sight-readers in order to investigate the cognitive underpinnings of key and time signatures in music scores. This research project is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental research design. Tobii eye-tracking equipment and software were used to record the eye movements of 11 expert and 7 amateur keyboard sight-readers. Two key aspects of music notation, key and time signatures, were selected as the main focus of the study. To investigate these aspects, eighteen research participants were provided with seventeen sight-reading examples for one hand (low complexity) and two hands (high complexity) composed specifically by the researcher. Several examples contained one or more unexpected aspects (accidentals or changes of time signature) to test their effect on fixation count and duration. Two variables (fixation count and fixation duration) were utilised to analyze fixation patterns on the selected aspects of the scores. Three main results emerged from the data analysis: 1) Expert sight-readers performed with much greater accuracy than experts in both tests; 2) Expert sight-readers exhibited a higher fixation count on entire scores in complex examples; 3) Both expert and amateur sight-readers fixate more and for longer on certain notational aspects such as key and time signatures than other notational aspects such as deviations or individual notes. This selection of focused attention suggests that both expert and amateur sight-readers cognitively process music scores in a hierarchical order. In conclusion, key and time signatures appear to require more and longer fixations by both groups of readers than other aspects of the score. This supports previous research which suggests that sound musical knowledge may play a positive role in performers’ sight-reading skills, thereby contributing to more successful sight-reading performances.
Analisis Kesiapan Guru dalam Menerapkan Pembelajaran Tematik di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Dhari Putri Wulan , Wajnah Wajnah , Susanti Nova
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjabarkan kesiapan guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam melaksanakan pembelaran tematik berdasarkan standar yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 10 Aceh Tengah. Data penelitian ini telah diuji keabsahannya menggunakan triangulasi data dan member check, dan dianalisis melalui tahap reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: 1) sebagian guru yang telah memahami konsep pembelajaran tematik tidak dapat menearapkan pembelajaran tematik; 2) guru telah mampu menyusun rencana pembelajaran tematik dengan baik; 3) guru melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran tematik sesuai dengan RPP yang disusunnya, 4) dan metode dan media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran tematik kurang bervariasi, dan 5) guru kurang terampil dalam menyusun rubrik penilaian autentik. Kesulitan guru dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran tematik adalah; 1) kondisi sarana belajar yang tidak memadai; 2) sumber belajar dan media yang digunakannya masih sangat terbatas, 3) kesulitan dalam menyusun rubrik penilaian sikap; dan 4) guru kesulitan dalam menguraikan kegiatan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan pendekatan saintifik. AbstractThis study aims to analyze and describe the readiness of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers in carrying out thematic learning based on applicable standards. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The research subject is a teacher at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 10 Central Aceh. The validity of this research data has been tested using data triangulation and member check, and analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study found that: 1) some teachers who had understood the concept of thematic learning were unable to apply thematic learning; 2) the teacher has been able to develop a thematic lesson plan well; 3) teachers carry out thematic learning activities in accordance with the RPP they have compiled, 4) and the methods and learning media used by teachers in thematic learning are less varied, and 5) teachers are less skilled in compiling authentic assessment rubrics. The difficulties of teachers in implementing thematic learning are; 1) conditions of inadequate learning facilities; 2) learning resources and media used are still very limited, 3) difficulties in compiling an attitude assessment rubric; and 4) the teacher has difficulty in describing learning activities that are in accordance with the scientific approach.
Analisis Keterampilan Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam Menulis Puisi Anak Berdasarkan Teori Nurgiantoro
Authors: Idammatussilmi Idammatussilmi , Latifah Anifatul
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis desain pembelajaran menulis puisi anak melalui pembelajaran daring selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah subjek 20. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data penelitian diuji keabsahannnya dengan triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan terdiri dari tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa puisi anak yang buat oleh siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma’arif Asmaul Husna sudah sesuai dengan unsur intrinsik teori Nurgiantoro.AbstractThis study aims to analyze the design of learning to write poetry for children through online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with 20 subjects. The data collection methods were interviews, observation and documentation. The validity of the research data was tested by triangulation of sources. The data analysis technique used consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the children's poetry made by students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma'arif Asmaul Husna is in accordance with the intrinsic elements of Nurgiantoro's theory.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Tematik Berbasis Problem-Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa
Authors: Khasanah Felakhah , Utami Ratnasari Dyah , Hartati Sri
Published: November 2021

AbstrakKeterlibatan siswa Sekolah Dasar di dalam proses pembelajaran masih menghadapi berbagai permasalahan. Salah satunya adalah karena guru masih cenderung menjadi pusat atau aktor utama. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dan sikap percarya diri peserta didik pada pembelajaran tematik materi energi melalui penerapan strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 17 siswa Sekolah Dasar yang terdiri dari 6 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes, dimana data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi energi, sikap percaya diri dan aktif di dalam proses pembelajaran.AbstractThe involvement of elementary school students in the learning process still faces various problems. One of them is because the teacher still tends to be the center or the main actor. This classroom action research aims to improve learning outcomes and students' self-confidence in the thematic learning of energy materials through the application of problem-based learning strategies. The participants of this study were 17 elementary school students consisting of 6 boys and 11 girls. This classroom action research was carried out in two learning cycles. The data collection techniques used were observation and tests, where the data obtained were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that problem-based learning can improve student learning outcomes in terms of energy, self-confidence and activeness in the learning process.
Personality of a Good Language Learner: a Case Study in EFL Context
Authors: Amalia Puji Astuti , Aridah Aridah
Published: November 2021

This case study aims to explore how the personality traits of a good language learner contributed to her success in language learning. Using a case study design, this study involved one student who met the criteria of a good language learner who became a champion of English competitions. This study used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality test and semi-structured interviews to collect the data. The study showed that Meta's extrovert personality was described as talkative, confident, enthusiastic, and assertive. She understood a problem by talking about it and heard others' ideas in solving problems. As a sensing personality, she was objective and made decisions based on logic and facts to decide both sides. As a thinking person, she always worked with plans, and in making plans, she analyzed the pros and cons. She was objective and consistent in doing what she had planned. Her judging personality described how she dealt with their outer world. She had a decided lifestyle that had helped her achieve her goals in language learning by planning her language learning activities.