bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetism Logging
Authors: Brown R.J.S. , Gamson B.W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 201–209.

A new logging method has been developed, based on measurement of the nuclear magnetism of formation fluids. The nuclear magnetism log (NML) is the only log that responds solely to formation fluids. It operates equally well in both oil-base and water-base muds and in empty holes, and can be used in all kinds of formations except strongly magnetic ones. Two separate NML measurements can be made, one of which provides a continuous formation fluid curve. This fluid curve is called the free fluid log (FFL) and is believed to indicate a minimum effective porosity in most formations. The FFL not only delineates fluid-containing zones, but provides an excellent correlation curve that can be obtained under conditions where conventional correlation logs are ineffective. Preliminary tests indicate that the second kind of NML measurement may help distinguish oil and water zones and provide information concerning permeability and wettability. (The FFL itself appears to provide some information on permeability.) The second kind of NML measurement requires stopping the logging tool for a short time opposite a zone of interest and taking more extensive NML data that can be displayed as nuclear magnetic relaxation curves. In some instances, oil and water saturations for the region immediately adjacent to the borehole can be read from these relaxation curves.

Introduction

In 1946, Bloch, Hansen and Packard and Purcell, Torrey and Pound independently announced the successful demonstration of the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance. During the past 13 years, there have been many applications of nuclear magnetic resonance, including applications to the study of chemical structure and to the measurement of magnetic field strengths. Preliminary experiments on the feasibility of using nuclear magnetism measurements in well logging were made independently by California Research Corp. and Varian Assoc., the Varian work being sponsored by the Byron Jackson Tools, Inc. Since then a cooperative research program on nuclear magnetism logging has been carried out by the Byron Jackson Div. and Research Center of Borg-Warner Corp., and California Research Corp., subsidiary of Standard Oil Co. of California. The use of nuclear magnetism in well logging is of special Interest because it offers a way of making direct measurements on the hydrogen in the formation fluids and not on the rock matrix. Within the past 1 1/2 years, successful measurements have been made with a research model logging tool in wells in California, Texas, Utah, Louisiana and Wyoming.
Laboratory Studies of Pilot Water Floods
Authors: Dalton R.L. , Rapoport L.A. , Carpenter C.W.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 24–30.

Procedures have been developed to study the performance characteristics of unconfined pilot water floods using scaled laboratory models. The effects of operating conditions on pilot performance for various well patterns have been investigated. The limitations of the laboratory model studies are outlined. Relationships between the oil recoveries of pilots and large-scale floods have been established. The applications of model studies to the prediction of large-scale water flood performance and pilot flood design are discussed.

Introduction

Pilot water floods are undertaken to evaluate operational procedures and to gain advance information about the performance of an extensive water flood. In general, however, the performance of a pilot flood is not directly indicative of what can be expected from a large-scale pattern water flood. This difference stems from the fact that the over-all flow configurations are not the same for the two systems.

A water flood normally consists of an array of identical well patterns. In such an array, the perimeters of the well patterns are axes of symmetry and act as impermeable boundaries. Thus, an extensive, pattern water flood can be visualized as a repetition of "confined" floods. In contrast, a pilot water flood involving only one or a few well patterns is "unconfined". Here the well patterns are not balanced by other flood units; hence, the perimeter of the pilot area does not act as an effective boundary. Accordingly, only a portion of the fluids injected (and also of those originally contained within the pilot area) is captured by the producers of the pilot. The rest escapes into the surrounding reservoir. This usually causes the amounts of oil and water produced in the pilot to be different from those recovered by a producer in an extensive water flood. Moreover, the recovery observed in the pilot can be expected to be greatly influenced by operating conditions, i.e., by the bottom-hole pressures at the injection and producing wells. The above considerations show that full utilization of pilot test results and reliable prediction of large-scale water floods require a knowledge of the relationship between the recovery performance of confined and unconfined well patterns.
The Alcohol Slug Process for Increasing Oil Recovery
Authors: Gatlin Carl , Slobod R.L.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 46–53.

This study defines the basic mechanism of the miscible displacement of oil and water from porous media by various water-driven alcohol slugs. Three distinct alcohol slug processes were studied. Considerable data concerning the quantity of alcohol required for oil recovery were also obtained.

All data were obtained in a 1-in. diameter, 100-ft long, unconsolidated core. The porosity of this system was 35 per cent, and the permeability was approximately 4 darcies. Total core pore volume was 5,716 cc. All displacements were conducted at a constant injection rate of 5 to 6 cc/min, which correspond to a frontal advance of 5 to 6 ft/hr.

The first portion of this paper is concerned with the use of one alcohol-isopropyl-as the slug material. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is completely miscible with both oil and water; however, miscibility of the three-component systems, oil-water-IPA, requires a relatively high concentration of IPA. Hence, the displacement is not of the miscible type unless the IPA concentration is maintained above some critical value. A slug of IPA equal to only 13.5 per cent of the pore volume was found to be sufficient to obtain complete recovery of residual naphtha.

In later studies two distinct process variations were developed. The first of these utilized methyl alcohol (MA) and IPA as slug materials. It was shown that methyl alcohol may be substituted for IPA at the front and rear of the slug with no loss of oil recovery. A slug of 4 per cent MA–4 per cent IPA–4 per cent MA was sufficient for complete oil recovery. Because MA is considerably cheaper than IPA, this represents an important step toward economic application.

A second process variation used normal butyl alcohol (nBA) and MA as the composite slug, the nBA segment being injected first. This technique requires the smallest total slug size (approximately 10 per cent) of all processes studied. The high cost of nBA, however, precludes commercial application. It is possible that this basic process, subject to changes of alcohol type, may lead to a commercial process.
Evaluation of Formation Damage of Oil-Based Drilling Fluids Weighted with Micronized Ilmenite or Micronized Barite
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed F. , Al-Mujalhem Manayer Q. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Al-Bagoury Mohamed
Published: February 2020

Solids found in drilling fluids, particularly weighting materials, can cause significant formation damage by plugging of formation pores. This study investigates formation damage caused by using oil-based drilling fluid systems weighted by micronized ilmenite or micronized barite. Rheological properties of the oil-based-mud (OBM) systems were measured. High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) static filtration experiments were conducted. A coreflood system was used to simulate dynamic conditions, allowing for drilling fluid circulation at the face of the core and measuring permeability damage. Computed-tomography (CT) scan analysis revealed formation damage and depth of solid invasion. The paper presents field applications of nondamaging micronized-ilmenite-based OBM, illustrating its advantages.
Determination and Structural Analysis of the Whole-Genome Sequence of Fusarium equiseti D25-1
Authors: LI Xueping , Li Jianhong , Qi Yonghong , Liu Yonggang , Li Minquan
Published: February 2020

BackgroundFusarium equiseti is a plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts and diverse effects, including probiotic activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, hindering its effective control and utilization. In this study, the Illumina HiSeq 4000 and PacBio platforms were used to sequence and assemble the whole genome of Fusarium equiseti D25-1.ResultsThe assembly included 16 fragments with a GC content of 48.01%, gap number of zero, and size of 40,776,005 bp. There were 40,110 exons and 26,281 introns having a total size of 19,787,286 bp and 2,290,434 bp, respectively. The genome had an average copy number of 333, 71, 69, 31, and 108 for tRNAs, rRNAs, sRNAs, snRNAs, and miRNAs, respectively. The total repetitive sequence length was 1,713,918 bp, accounting for 4.2033% of the genome. In total, 13,134 functional genes were annotated, accounting for 94.97% of the total gene number. Toxin-related genes, including two related to zearalenone and 23 related to trichothecene, were identified. A comparative genomic analysis supported the high quality of the F. equiseti assembly, exhibiting good collinearity with the reference strains, 3,483 species-specific genes, and 1,805 core genes. A gene family analysis revealed more than 2,500 single-copy orthologs. F. equiseti was most closely related to Fusarium pseudograminearum based on a phylogenetic analysis at the whole-genome level.ConclusionsOur comprehensive analysis of the whole genome of F. equiseti provides basic data for studies of gene expression, regulatory and functional mechanisms, evolutionary processes, as well as disease prevention and control.
Altered expression of IL-18, IL-18 binding protein and IL-18 receptor in blood monocytes of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wang Junling , Gu Fangqiu , Li Zhi , Zhan Mengmeng , Wang Ling , Zhang Huiyun , Chen Dong , Xie Hua , Chai Ruonan , Zhao Nan , Yang Ruiming , Hu Yalin , He Shaoheng
Published: February 2020

Background: Interleukin (IL)-18 is emerging as an attractive participant in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, correlation of IL-18 with IL-18 binding protein (BP) in plasma, and expression of IL-18, IL-18BP and IL-18 receptor (R) in AR blood monocytes remains obscure. Methods: We investigated IL-18, IL-18BP and IL-18R expression in monocytes by using flow cytometric analysis, murine AR model, and quantitative realtime PCR in the present study. Results: It was found that plasma IL-18 and IL-1β in AR patients was higher than those in healthy control subjects. Free (f)IL-18 had a high correlation with IL-18BP, IL-1β and TNF-α in AR plasma. Proportion of IL-18 + monocytes was increased, whereas IL-18BP + monocytes were decreased in blood of patients with AR. It was found that Platanus pollen allergen extract provoked the elevated expression of IL-18 and IL-18R in AR blood monocytes. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Artemisia sieversiana wild and Platanus pollen allergen extracts enhanced IL-18R protein and mRNA expression in primary monocytes from AR patients. Moreover, numbers of macrophages and IL-18R + macrophages in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) were increased, and levels of IL-18 in both plasma and NLF were elevated in AR mice. Conclusions: IL-18 is likely to participate in the development of AR as a causative factor, therefore it could be a therapeutic target for AR.
Discovery of potential drugs for COVID-19 based on the connectivity map
Authors: Li Zhonglin , Bai Tao , Yang Ling , Hou Xiaohua
Published: February 2020

Background: Corona virus infective disease 19 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and spreads very rapidly, which become a worldwide public healthy crisis. Until now, there is no effective antivirus drugs or vaccines specifically used for its treatment. So it is urgent to discover efficient therapeutic methods. The same as SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 also invades organism by combining with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Recently, there are reports about SARS-CoV-2 infected host not only through the respiratory tract, but also gastrointestinal tract. However, it is proved that ACE2 plays a key role in protecting subjects from lung injury and resisting the inflammation caused by intestinal epithelial damage. Interestingly, the expression of ACE2 protein is reduced after SARS-CoV infection. Methods: According to the dataset of genes co-expressed with ACE2 in the colonic epithelial cells, we established a protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network and selected hub genes from them. The cluster analysis was performed to find out the dense region of the PPI Network. Then, gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were performed to explore the main function of genes co-expressed with ACE2. Finally, we predicted the potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 based on the connectivity map (Cmap) . Results: We constructed a PPI network containing 125 hub genes of genes co-expressed with ACE2 in the colonic epithelial cells and obtained two modules through cluster analysis. The GO analysis and the KEGG pathway revealed these genes were aggregated in ribosome, exosomes, extracellular cellular components; structure constituent of ribosome, G-protein coupled receptor activity, MHC class I and II receptor activity biological processes; immune response, protein metabolism, signal transduction biological processes; and ribosome, graft-versus-host disease, viral myocarditis pathways. The result from Cmap indicated ikarugamycin, molsidomine had highly correlated scores with the query files. Conclusion: We found out that ikarugamycin and molsidomine were the potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
Clinical guidelines reduce unnecessary preoperative echocardiograph in elderly hip fracture patients
Authors: Chen Xuepan , Ma Yuanchen , Li Qingtian , Deng Zhantao , Liao JunXing , Zheng Qiujian
Published: February 2020

Background The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have set up guidelines for preoperative usage of transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) in case of non-cardiac surgery. Unnecessary TTE would increase hospital cost and delay surgery. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether the TTE before hip fracture surgery was in accordance with guidelines and what the effects were on outcome. Methods 281 elderly patients who had surgery for an isolated hip fracture were involved. The preoperative TTE test and adherence to the guideline were analyzed. TTE reports were reviewed for the presence of major cardiac abnormality with potentiality to change perioperative management, including left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, pericardial effusion, moderate or severe valvular disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Primary outcome was time to surgery (TTS), length of hospital stay (LLS), postoperative complications. Secondary outcome was sensitivity and specificity of accordance with the guideline for identifying which patients would have TTE that demonstrated major cardiac abnormality. Results Of the 281 patients included, 174 patients (61.9%) received the TTE, whereas 107 patients did not. Only 71 of the 174 patients (40.8%) with TTE met the guidelines. Among the 202 patients who did not meet the guidelines (103 with TTE and 99 without TTE), those who received a preoperative TTE had a longer TTS (4.24 vs. 2.10 days, P = 0.000) and LOS (10.44 vs. 7.72 days, P=0.000). There were no differences in postoperative complication, the sensitivity and specificity of guidelines as the screening tool to identify patients with major cardiac abnormality was 86.7% and 68.7%. Conclusion Preoperative TTE is frequently overused out of guidelines and lead to unnecessary surgery delay while not reducing the rate of postoperative complications. Stricter adherence to guidelines should be recommended, as it would help decrease unnecessary test.
Retinal microvasculature alterations in myopic anisometropia on optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Tan liangzhang , Chen lu , Bu shaochong , jiang yuanfeng , Ma zhiqiong , Gong xue , Tian fang , zhang hong
Published: February 2020

Background: In myopic anisometropia, investigation of alterations in the retinal capillary network may reveal the myopic pathophysiology and facilitate development of improved treatment and prevention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate alterations in retinal vessel density in patients with myopic anisometropia using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: Twenty-one patients with myopic anisometropia were divided into longer axial eye and contralateral eye groups, based on their axial length measurement by an IOL Master system. Automated macular and peripapillary maps and vessel density calculations were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography, and the findings were compared between groups. Results: The longer axial eye group had higher superficial macular vessel density (47.06±3.03% vs. 43.71±3.20%, respectively; P <0.001) and lower radial peripapillary capillary density (50.11±3.56% vs. 52.34±2.74%, respectively; P =0.013) than did the contralateral eye group. The spherical equivalent negatively correlated with the superficial macular vessel density ( P =0.021) and superficial parafoveal vessel density ( P =0.014). No significant differences were detected in the deep macular vessel density (49.12±6.32% vs. 46.73±5.30%, respectively; P >0.05), choriocapillary perfusion area (1.92±0.18 mm 2 vs.1.90±0.19 mm 2 , respectively; P >0.05), or foveal avascular zone area (0.27±0.07 mm 2 vs. 0.28±0.07 mm 2 , respectively; P >0.05) between groups. Conclusion: The superficial macular vessel density and radial peripapillary capillary density could be used as indicators to monitor myopic anisometropia development during early-stage retinopathy.
Dynamic age-associated changes and their driver microbes in healthy gut microbiota of captive crab-eating macaques
Authors: Wei Zhi-Yuan , Rao Jun-Hua , Tang Ming-Tian , Zhao Guo-An , Li Qi-Chun , Wu Li-Ming , Li Bi-Hai , Xiao Bai-Quan , Liu Xing-Yin , Chen Jian-Huan
Published: February 2020

Background: Previous population studies have indicated age-associated changes in the gut microbiota. However, the actual age effects on microbiota are inevitably confounded by varying environmental factors such as diets and antibiotic use in the populations. Captive crab-eating macaques reared in a well-controlled environment can provide a useful model to recapitulate dynamic age-associated changes in the healthy primate gut microbiota.Results: We show evidence supporting lifelong age-associated changes in the healthy gut microbiota of captive macaques. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and beta diversity but not alpha diversity changed significantly with age. The most significantly age-associated genera were mainly composed of commensals, such as Faecalibacterium . Unexpectedly, a subset of the age-associated microbes were suspicious pathogens such as Helicobacter and Campylobacter , which were enriched in infant macaques, and possibly associated with gut mucosa development. These age-associated microbes were main contributors to the gut microbiota networks. Importantly, topology analysis showed that connectivity of these networks changed with age, and its rapid decrease in elderly macaques might indicate altered microbial interactions associated with host aging. Prevotella 9 , one of the most abundant age-associated genera, was the driver responsible for the gut microbiota maturation from infants to young adults. In adults, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Megasphaera were two key drivers that continuously played an active role in driving microbial community changes of across different stages of adulthood. We also showed evidence of age-associated changes in gut microbial phenotypes and functions, in particular pathways of immunomodulatory metabolite synthesis, and metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. The driver microbes were key players involved in these functions.Conclusions: Our current study in captive macaques demonstrate evident age-associated changes during the lifelong process of healthy gut microbiota development. The enrichment of suspicious pathogens in healthy infant macaques might indicate the importance of appropriate exposure to these microbes for the developing immune system. The current study provides new insights into the pivotal role of driver microbes and microbial interactions in gut microbiota, and further underlines the importance of network analysis in microbiome studies. Our findings also provide a baseline for better understanding of disease-related changes in the primate gut microbiota.
Three-body correlations in mesonic-atom-like systems
Authors: Moriya Hajime , Horiuchi Wataru , Richard Jean-Marc
Published: February 2020

Three-body correlations in three-body exotic atoms are studied with
simple models that consist of three bosons interacting through a
superposition of long- and short-range potentials. We discuss the
correlations among particles by comparing the energy shifts given by
precise three-body calculations and by the Deser-Trueman formula, in
which the long- and short-range contributions are factorized. By varying
the coupling of the short-range potential, we evaluate the ranges of the
strength where the two-body correlations dominate and where the
three-body correlations cannot be neglected.
Correlations among 3N observables
Authors: Volkotrub Yuriy , Golak Jacek , Skibiński Roman , Topolnicki Kacper , Witała Henryk
Published: February 2020

We use a correlation matrix of two-nucleon (2N) potential parameters
to investigate correlations among three-nucleon (3N) observables for the
elastic nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering process. We employ the
up-to-date 2N semilocal momentum-space regularized chiral interactions
and the phenomenological OPE-Gaussian potential and using the Faddeev
formalism we calculate 3N observables and their correlations. As an
example, we present the correlation between the differential cross
section and the deuteron analyzing power T_{20}T20.
Markers Assessment in Triphala (Batch-I, II & III) and its Ingredients from Different Geographical Locations of India through TPC, TFC, HPLC & HPTLC
Authors: Singh Arjun , Sharma Himanshu , Srivastava Bhavana , Singh Ravindra
Published: February 2020

Background:

Relations among markers, quality assessment and standardization of
classical preparations like Triphala an Ayurvedic potent formulation are necessary for the selectivity
as well as acceptability of genuine plant drugs and formulation.

Objective:

Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of three batches of in-house Triphala
along with its ingredients collected from three different locations of India with respect to
assess the six active markers.

Method:

Phytochemical studies, spectrophotometric estimations (TPC & TFC), chromatographic
(HPLC & HPTLC) methods were developed for the identification and quantification of
active markers in Triphala.

Result:

Chemical analysis and HPTLC profiles with respect of gallic acid at Rf 0.35 of
methanol extracts showed the presence of almost similar phytochemicals in three batches.
The highest HPLC peak % area for corrilagin, 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucose, ellagic acid
and chebulinic acid was calculated to be 3.753, 5.27, 24.55 and 29.47, respectively with a majority
of markers i.e. four observed in batch-III. The percentage amount of TPC at λ max 720
for batch-III of Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia bellirica Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz.
and Triphala was 393.1, 374.81, 628 & 644.5 mg of TAE/g dry weight equivalent, respectively.
Similarly, TFC at λ max 510 for the same batch and ingredients was calculated to be
60.27, 40.043, 74.84 and 59.21 QUE/g dry weight equivalent, which were also observed to be
maximum in batch-III.

Conclusion:

Batch-III of Triphala is of the highest quality and up to pharmacopoeial standards
(API). It may be used to predict the quality and efficacy of various commercial formulations
of Triphala. These outcomes may be utilized in pharmaceuticals for routine batch standardization
and quality control.
Konsep dakwah perdamaian di era kontemporer
Authors: Dermawan Andy
Published: February 2020

The term of da’wah, always refer to the call for truth, the call for kindness, and an invitation to the action of religious values to the interest of humanity. Preaching is not merely to invite and to call to the good and truth, but also need to pay attention to the social and cultural facts that are around. This study scientifically divides da’wah into two study areas, namely normative preaching, and historical preaching. The findings showed that normatively, religious texts /nash need to be approached historically to obtain their meaning. Thus, the presence of religion with its holy book is actually intended to humanize humanity by internalizing the values of religion (Islam) in their lives.Istilah dakwah, senantiasa merujuk kepada seruan kebenaran, panggilan kebaikan, dan ajakan kepada tindakan yang membawa nilai-nilai relijiusitas bagi kepentingan kemanusiaan. Berdakwah tidak cukup menyeru, mengajak dan memanggil kepada kebaikan dan kebenaran, tetapi juga perlu memperhatikan fakta sosial dan budaya yang ada di sekitar. Kajian ini secara keilmuan membagi dakwah menjadi dua wilayah kajian, yakni dakwah normatif dan dakwah historis. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan, bahwa secara normatif, nash/teks keagamaan perlu didekati secara historis, agar mampu dimengerti maksud dari nash/teks keagamaan tersebut. Dengan demikian, maka kehadiran agama dengan kitab sucinya sesungguhnya lebih dimaksudkan agar manusia lebih termanusiakan dengan menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai agama (Islam) dalam kehidupanya.
Melejitkan Kecerdasan Anak Melalui Strategi Supportive Climate
Authors: Hayati Nur
Published: February 2020

Interaksi yang teijadi antara anak, orang tua dan guru dalam suatu lingkungan untuk mencapai tingkat perkembangan tertentu dapat diartikan sebagai proses pembelajaran pada anak usia dini. Pada masa egosentris, kemampuan anak masih dalam tahap berpikir praoperasional yang masih memaknai sesuatu sesuai dengan cara pandang dan berpikir mereka sendiri. Kenyataannya sampai saat ini belum semua orang tua maupun guru secara konsisten menyiapkan kondisi lingkungan yang kondusif bagi perkembangan anak. Seringkali orang tua bahkan guru menyampaikan informasi pada anak dengan bahasa yang sulit dimengerti anak, dengan sikap yang tidak bersahabat, menganggap anak adalah miniatur orang dewasa serta anak sebagai obyek belajar. Mengenalkan informasi atau pengetahuan baru pada anak perlu strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi anak. Strategi supportive cilmate menguatkan tindakan yang dilakukan anak dengan harapan dapat menghasilkan kemampuan baru sesuai dengan yang tujuan yang telah direncanakan guru. Kata kunci: kecerdasan, anak usia dini, supportive climate
Kemampuan Membidik Nada Pada Mahasiswa PPSD FIP UNY
Authors: Wulandari Rina
Published: February 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan membidik nada sebagai salah satu jenis kemampuan musik pada mahasiswa PPSD FIP UNY. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa PPSD FIP UNY angkatan 2009/2010 sejumlah 232 mahasiswa. Sampel yang digunakan sejumlah 89 mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survai. Hasil yang dicapai yaitu 0.0561798 % (5 mahasiswa) tidak dapat menirukan nada dengan tepat. Sisanya, yaitu 0.94382 (84 mahasiswa) dapat menirukan nada yang terdapat dalam iringan audio yang peneliti sediakan. Kata kunci: kemampuan, membidik nada, mahasiswa
Efektivitas Finger Painting untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Temper Tantrum Pada Anak KB PK Yogyakarta
Authors: Suzanti Marsella Wahyu , Riyani Enggar , Istiqomah A. , Ihtiar Citra
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan finger painting untuk menurunkan perilaku temper tantrum pada anak Kelompok Bermain PK Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian eksperimen subjek tunggal dengan jumlah subjek 3 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa finger painting efektif untuk menurunkan perilaku temper tantrum anak. Hal ini dapat diamati pada penurunan perilaku temper tanrum pada masing-masing anak. o Kata Kunci: efektivitas, finger painting, tantrum, anak
MENDIDIK ANAK MENJADI MANUSIA YANG BERKARAKTER
Authors: Sudaryanti Sudaryanti
Published: February 2020

Karakter anak tidak terlepas dari bagaimana pendidikan dan pola asuh  orangtua dirumah. Karakter anak dibentuk dari apa yang dipelajarinya  dirumah dalam keluarga, disekolah, dan di masyarakat. Anak  yang berasal dari keluarga yang baik  berpotensi  rusak karakternya  jika lingkungan sekolah  kacau dan lingkungan bergaul salah, begitu juga dengan kondisi di  masyarakat  yang tidak saling mendukung  (bersinergi) dalam penyemaian karakter anak.  Untuk mengoptimalkan penanaman nilai-nilai karakter pada anak dibutuhkan adanya pembiasaan dari orang-orang disekitar anak. Nilai-nilai karakter yang ditanamkan dapat merujuk nilai karakter dikembangkan Lickona dan sistem among yang dikembangkan Ki Hajar Dewantara. Menurut Lickona, pendidikan karakter  ditanamkan melalui kebiasaan (habituation) tentang hal yang baik  sehingga peserta didik  menjadi paham (domain kognitif) nilai yang baik  dan biasa melakukannya (domain perilaku). Sedangkan menurut Ki Hajar Dewantara sistem among merupakan metode pembelajaran dan pendidikan yang berdasarkan pada asih,asah,dan asuh(care and dedivcation based on love). Dengan memadukan pembiasaan berbagai nilai-nilai karakter positif yang ada, diharapkan penanaman nilai karakter pada anak akan lebih optimal. Kata kunci: Nilai-nilai Karakter, anak usia dini
MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP BILANGAN MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) PADA KELOMPOK A1 TK MADUKISMO
Authors: Astuti Ni Made Ary
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) pada anak kelompok A1 semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 di TK Madukismo Bantul yang berjumlah 17 orang anak, terdiri dari 9 orang anak perempuan dan 8 orang anak laki-laki. Data mengenai pemahaman konsep bilangan pada anak dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT). Dari sebelum tindakan diketahui persentase pemahaman konsep bilangan anak pada kategori baik mencapai 17,64% yaitu sebanyak 3 anak, siklus I persentase kemampuan pemahaman konsep bilangan pada kategori baik mencapai 35,29% yaitu sebanyak 6 anak, sedangkan pada siklus II persentase kemampuan pemahaman konsep bilangan pada kategori baik mencapai 52,94% yaitu sebanyak 9 anak dan pada kategori sangat baik mencapai 29,41% yaitu sebanyak 5 anak. Jadi peningkatan pemahaman konsep bilangan anak mencapai 82,35% yaitu sebanyak 14 anak pada kategori baik dan sangat baik. Kata  kunci:  pemahaman  konsep  bilangan,  model  pembelajaran  Numbered Head  Together (NHT).
Rejected Online Feedback From a Swiss Physician Rating Website Between 2008 and 2017: Analysis of 2352 Ratings (Preprint)
Authors: McLennan Stuart
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Previous research internationally has only analyzed publicly available feedback on physician rating websites (PRWs). However, it appears that many PRWs are not publishing all the feedback they receive. Analysis of this rejected feedback could provide a better understanding of the types of feedback that are currently not published and whether this is appropriate.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine (1) the number of patient feedback rejected from the Swiss PRW Medicosearch, (2) the evaluation tendencies of the rejected patient feedback, and (3) the types of issues raised in the rejected narrative comments.

METHODS

The Swiss PRW Medicosearch provided all the feedback that had been rejected between September 16, 2008, and September 22, 2017. The feedback were analyzed and classified according to a theoretical categorization framework of physician-, staff-, and practice-related issues.

RESULTS

Between September 16, 2008, and September 22, 2017, Medicosearch rejected a total of 2352 patient feedback. The majority of feedback rejected (1754/2352, 74.6%) had narrative comments in the German language. However, 11.9% (279/2352) of the rejected feedback only provided a quantitative rating with no narrative comment. Overall, 25% (588/2352) of the rejected feedback were positive, 18.7% (440/2352) were neutral, and 56% (1316/2352) were negative. The average rating of the rejected feedback was 2.8 (SD 1.4). In total, 44 subcategories addressing the physician (n=20), staff (n=9), and practice (n=15) were identified. In total, 3804 distinct issues were identified within the 44 subcategories of the categorization framework; 75% (2854/3804) of the issues were related to the physician, 6.4% (242/3804) were related to the staff, and 18.6% (708/3804) were related to the practice. Frequently mentioned issues identified from the rejected feedback included (1) satisfaction with treatment (533/1903, 28%); (2) the overall assessment of the physician (392/1903, 20.6%); (3) recommending the physician (345/1903, 18.1%); (4) the physician’s communication (261/1903, 13.7%); (5) the physician’s caring attitude (220/1903, 11.6%); and (6) the physician’s friendliness (203/1903, 10.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

It is unclear why the majority of the feedback were rejected. This is problematic and raises concerns that online patient feedback are being inappropriately manipulated. If online patient feedback is going to be collected, there needs to be clear policies and practices about how this is handled. It cannot be left to the whims of PRWs, who may have financial incentives to suppress negative feedback, to decide which feedback is or is not published online. Further research is needed to examine how many PRWs are using criteria for determining which feedback is published or not, what those criteria are, and what measures PRWs are using to address the manipulation of online patient feedback.
Improving Efficiency of Clinical Studies Using a Total Digital Approach: Prospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Schenck-Gustafsson Karin , Carnlöf Carina , Jensen-Urstad Mats , Insulander Per
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

In general, most clinical studies have long recruitment periods. Signing the informed consent is particularly time-consuming when the participant must meet physically with the researchers. Therefore, introducing fully web-based techniques with the use of eAuthentication (BankID) and new digital electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring could speed up inclusion time, increase adherence, and also reach out to more remote regions.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to explore whether inclusion of a large number of participants could be realized quickly by using a total digital approach both for information and signing of informed consent, along with ECG monitoring and instant feedback on a mobile device. We also explored whether this approach can increase adherence in registration of ECG recordings and answering questionnaires, and if it would result in a more geographically uniform distribution of participants covering a wide age span.

METHODS

Women with palpitations were intensively studied over 2 months by means of a handheld ECG monitoring device (Coala Heart Monitor). The device connects to a smartphone or tablet, which allows the participants to obtain the results immediately. Recruitment, study information, and signing the informed consent form with the help of BankID were performed in a completely digital manner.

RESULTS

Between March and May 2018, 2424 women indicated their interest in participating in the study. On June 19, 2018, presumptive participants were invited to log in and register. After 25 days, 1082 women were included in the study; among these, 1020 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 913 of whom completed all phases of the study: recording ECG using the handheld device, completion of the prestudy questionnaires, and completion of the poststudy questionnaires 2 months after the ECG recordings. The dropout rate was 9%. In total, 101,804 ECG recordings were made. The mean age was 56 (SD 11) years (range 21-88 years) and 35 participants were 75 years or older. The participants were evenly distributed between living in the countryside and in cities.

CONCLUSIONS

Total digital inclusion recruitment of 1082 participants was achieved in only 25 days, and resulted in a good geographical distribution, excellent adherence, and ability to reach a vast age span, including elderly women. Studies using a total digital design would be particularly appealing during a pandemic since physical contact should be avoided as much as possible.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN22495299; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN22495299
Diabetes Self-Management in the Age of Social Media: Large-Scale Analysis of Peer Interactions Using Semiautomated Methods (Preprint)
Authors: Myneni Sahiti , Lewis Brittney , Singh Tavleen , Paiva Kristi , Kim Seon Min , Cebula Adrian V , Villanueva Gloria , Wang Jing
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Online communities have been gaining popularity as support venues for chronic disease management. User engagement, information exposure, and social influence mechanisms can play a significant role in the utility of these platforms.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we characterize peer interactions in an online community for chronic disease management. Our objective is to identify key communications and study their prevalence in online social interactions.

METHODS

The American Diabetes Association Online community is an online social network for diabetes self-management. We analyzed 80,481 randomly selected deidentified peer-to-peer messages from 1212 members, posted between June 1, 2012, and May 30, 2019. Our mixed methods approach comprised qualitative coding and automated text analysis to identify, visualize, and analyze content-specific communication patterns underlying diabetes self-management.

RESULTS

Qualitative analysis revealed that “social support” was the most prevalent theme (84.9%), followed by “readiness to change” (18.8%), “teachable moments” (14.7%), “pharmacotherapy” (13.7%), and “progress” (13.3%). The support vector machine classifier resulted in reasonable accuracy with a recall of 0.76 and precision 0.78 and allowed us to extend our thematic codes to the entire data set.

CONCLUSIONS

Modeling health-related communication through high throughput methods can enable the identification of specific content related to sustainable chronic disease management, which facilitates targeted health promotion.
The differences in parallelism between ala-tragus line and occlusal plane of down syndrome and normal individuals
Authors: Kusumadewi An-Nissa , Kurnikasari Erna , Rikmasari Rasmi , Soewondo Willyanti
Published: February 2020

People with down syndrome have a different craniofacial structure compared to normal individuals. Commonly, down syndrome patients have abnormal ear morphology with smaller size, and lower ear position compared to that of normalsubjects. These patients also have smaller nose, shorter maxilla structure and facial height. Other disorders are anomalies in tooth shape, numbers and size. The ala-tragus line is one of the anatomical landmarks to determine the occlusal plane orientation. Abnormalities in the anatomical structure of people with down syndrome can affect the parallelism between the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane. The purpose of this research was to determine the differences in parallelism between the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane of people with down syndrome and normal individuals. The sample in this study were people with down syndrome and normal individuals. The sample was photographed using a digital camera with a fox plane attached to the oral cavity. Parallelism of the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane was analyzed by tracing these photographs. Photo tracing was done using the Autocad 2013 software. The mean value of angle on people with down syndrome (5.852° ± 5.367°) was greater than that of normal individuals (2.169° ± 2.557°). Based on the research, it was concluded that the parallelism of the ala-tragus line to the occlusal plane in people with down syndrome was different from that in normal individuals. The ala-tragus inferior line in normal individuals was more parallel to the occlusal plane compared to that in people with down syndrome.
Penerapan teknik antecedent control untuk meningkatkan toilet training pada anak dengan masalah konstipasi
Authors: Annisa Nurul , Tedjasaputra Mayke S.
Published: February 2020

Abstrak. Konstipasi merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai pada anak-anak. Anak dengan masalah konstipasi seringkali merasa sakit pada saat buang air besar (BAB) sehingga berupaya untuk menghindari proses BAB di toilet. Hal ini berdampak terhadap kemampuan toilet training anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas program intervensi dengan teknik modifikasi perilaku antecedent control untuk meningkatkan frekuensi buang air besar di toilet pada anak dengan masalah konstipasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode single case subject A-B with follow-up design dengan partisipan penelitian adalah seorang anak perempuan berusia 3 tahun 4 bulan yang mengalami konstipasi.  Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 8 sesi dan berlangsung selama 40 menit setiap sesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik antecedent control dapat meningkatkan frekuensi perilaku buang air besar di toilet pada anak dengan masalah konstipasi.Kata kunci: antecedent control, buang air besar, konstipasi, toilet training,Abstract. Constipation is common problem in children. Children who have constipation problems often feel pain during defecation, thus they are attempting to avoid the process of defecation in the toilet. It has an impact on the ability of children's toilet training. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of intervention programs through behavior modification techniques, antecedent control to increase the frequency of bowel movements in the toilet for children who have constipation problems. This study uses a single case subject AB with follow-up design which is a girl aged 3 years and 4 months who has constipation problems. This research was conducted in 8 sessions and lasted for 40 minutes each session. The result shows that antecedent control technique can increase the bowel movement for children who have constipation problems.Keywords: antecedent control, defecation, constipation, toilet training
Pengukuran perilaku dan niat beli produk kosmetik halal melalui modifikasi theory of planned behavior (TPB)
Authors: Kadengkang Justi Aresta , Linarti Utaminingsih
Published: February 2020

Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sikap, norma subyektif dan kontrol persepsi yang dimodifikasi dengan religiusitas, dan pengetahuan produk terhadap niat beli dan perilaku konsumen muslim dalam membeli produk kosmetik halal. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa muslim berusia 17-23 tahun yang sedang menempuh pendidikan di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (PTN) di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu regresi linear berganda. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisoner tertutup dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 275 sampel. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa religiusitas, pengetahuan produk, sikap, norma subjektif dan kontrol presepsi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat konsumen dalam membeli produk kosmetik yang halal. Kemudian pengetahuan produk dan niat juga memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku konsumen dalam membeli produk kosmetik yang halal.Kata kunci: theory of planned behavior, kosmetik, halal, religiusitas, pengetahuan produkAbstract. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship attitudes, subjective norms and perceptual controls related to religiosity, and product knowledge about the purpose of buying and helping Muslim consumers in buying halal cosmetic products. The object in this study was Muslim students aged 17-23 years who were studying at State Universities (PTN) in the Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. Data collection uses a closed questionnaire with a total of 275 respondents. The findings of this study indicate that religiosity, product knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perception control have a positive and significant influence on consumers' intentions in buying halal cosmetic products. Then, the product's knowledge and intentions also have a positive and significant influence on consumer behavior in buying halal cosmetic products.Keywords: theory of planned behavior, cosmetics, halal, product knowledge, religiosity
Dinámica de crecimiento y curvas de extracción de nutrientes de Pennisetum sp. (Maralfalfa)
Authors: López-Astilleros Oscar , Vinay Vadillo Julio Cesar , Villegas-Aparicio Yuri , López Guerrero Isaías , Lozano-Trejo Salvador
Published: February 2020

El crecimiento de una especie, así como la concentración y extracción de nutrientes en el forraje, se pueden conocer a través de modelos matemáticos. Se utilizaron las ecuaciones de Gompertz y Logistic para estudiar el crecimiento, un modelo potencial negativo para las curvas de dilución NPK y la extracción máxima a través de polinomios de segundo orden. Se calculó la Extracción Unitaria (EU) y Eficiencia de Recuperación del Nutriente (ERN) NPK. La bondad de ajuste de los modelos fue comparada bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2×2, factor A: dos modelos y factor B: fertilización y testigo con 16 repeticiones. La concentración de nutrientes se optimizó por algoritmo de Levenberg-Marquart.  Los resultados indicaron que el ajuste del modelo fue similar para las parcelas en estudio; sin embargo, Gompertz mostró   una mejor representación de la realidad biológica. La máxima tasa de crecimiento se alcanzó a los 21 días en parcelas testigo y 56 días en parcelas fertilizadas, el punto de inflexión a los 30 y 31 días, respectivamente. La concentración de nutrientes en el pasto, disminuyó a través de los cortes en ambos tratamientos y las parcelas fertilizadas además presentaron la mayor producción de materia seca. La EU se mostró casi de manera homogénea para parcelas fertilizadas y no fertilizadas.  La ERN fue de 48 % para nitrógeno, 39 % para fósforo y 104 % para potasio, lo cual sugiere un suministro excedido de N y P con la dosis suministrada y un consumo de lujo para K.