bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La problématique de l’« innovation » en didactique des langues-cultures
Authors: PUREN Christian
Published: June 2021

Cet article propose une modélisation de la notion d’« innovation » en didactique des langues cultures sous forme de cinq couples de concepts antagonistes illustrés par des exemples tirés de l’histoire de la discipline : innovation et continuité, innovation et conformisme, innovation et mythes, innovation et régression, innovation et changement. Cette problématisation amène à modifier la perception que l’on peut avoir de l’évolution de la discipline, et elle impose finalement l’idée qu’il faut modifier la conception encore largement dominante du changement.
Knowledge attitude and practices towards chronic kidney disease among type-2 diabetic patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Rajib , Ritu Rani Baroi , Rahman Md. Shamsur , Sarker Rajib Chandra , Banik Palash Chandra
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Having proper knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards chronic kidney disease (CKD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is very important to reduce the disease burden. However, the information about KAP towards CKD among Bangladeshi T2DM patients is unknown, based on the available literatures till the date. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the KAP towards CKD among T2DM patients attended a selected hospital in Dhaka city. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this cross-sectional study, we conveniently selected Aalok hospital and also its 224 T2DM patients who attended the outdoor. We excluded the already developed CKD patients and aged over 70 years. We adopted a questionnaire from a validated instrument consisted of a 10 itemed knowledge, 8 itemed attitude, and 7 itemed practice domains towards CKD (total 25 items). Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. Both descriptive and comparative (Independent Sample t-tests and One-way ANOVA tests) statistics were used for data analysis where appropriates. RESULTS: Women respondents were higher (69.6%). The mean age of the respondents was 49.8±11.3 years. Most of them had average level of knowledge (69.6%) and attitude (60.7%). Majority also reported a good hypothetical practices in general if they would find out to have CKD. Knowledge was significantly associated (p<0.05) with sex, level of education, occupation, and income, whereas attitude was with sex, occupation, and income. CONCLUSION: T2DM patients of our study reported mostly average level of knowledge and attitude, and a good hypothetical practices in general towards CKD. Proper health awareness programs are needed to increase the KAP towards CKD among T2DM patients in Bangladesh.
Indicações e propriedades mecânicas das resinas compostas convencionais e resinas compostas do tipo bulk-fill: revisão de literatura
Authors: Pedrosa Letícia Meinberg , Ribeiro Amanda de Oliveira Pinto , Câmara João Victor Frazão , Pierote Josué Junior Araujo
Published: June 2021

As resinas compostas são materiais restauradores amplamente utilizados nos consultórios odontológicos devido as suas propriedades mecânicas, estética e desempenho clínico. Contudo, a contração de polimerização presente nos compósitos convencionais ainda é um grande limitador. Neste contexto, foram desenvolvidas as resinas denominadas de bulk-fill, ou resinas de preenchimento, que possuem a possibilidade da inserção de um incremento único na cavidade dentária devido a uma menor contração de polimerização, melhores propriedades mecânicas, fácil execução, e como consequência a diminuição do tempo clínico. Todavia, ainda não há na literatura um consenso quanto à eficácia e durabilidade deste material. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as resinas do tipo bulk-fill e sua comparação com as resinas convencionais. Foram pesquisados artigos científicos em Português e em Inglês de 2002 a 2019 nas bases de dados Publicações Médicas (PUBMED) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), sendo selecionados 50 trabalhos para leitura na íntegra a partir dos critérios de inclusão: idioma em Inglês ou Português e publicações realizadas nos últimos vinte anos e critérios de exclusão: artigos que não abordavam a temática central do estudo, publicações em outros idiomas que não fossem Inglês ou Português, artigos eletrônicos não disponíveis para a leitura completa e periódicos fora do período temporal estabelecido. De acordo com a bibliografia pesquisada, as resinas de preenchimento são uma opção de material restaurador, que vêm demostrando sucesso semelhante ao encontrado em reabilitações com as resinas compostas convencionais.
Analisis kemampuan klasifikasi mahasiswa pendidikan biologi pada pembelajaran biosistematik hewan
Authors: Hernawati Hernawati , Sanjaya Yayan , Sudargo Fransisca , Aryani Any , Nursani Zamzam , Puspitasari Dita , Kurniawan Try , Juansa Rahadian Deden
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the classification ability in animal biosystematics learning as the basis for making numerical taxonomies in biology education students. The method in this research consists of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Descriptive method is used for qualitative analysis and correlation method for quantitative analysis. The mixed methods strategy uses simultaneous triangulation because both qualitative and quantitative data are collected at the same time, then compared to identify convergence of differences or combinations of data. The number of students was 57 people who were divided into 11 groups. Ability classification is determined based on indicators that refer to science process skills. The classification ability indicator is made into six indicators, where each indicator is broken down into four sub indicators. The results of the analysis show that the classification abilities of the six indicators are: (1) recording each observation separately 89.04%, (2) looking for similarities and differences of 66.23%, (3) contrasting the features of 57.89%, (4) comparing of group characteristics 67.32%, (5) determining the basis for grouping 73.46%, and (6) connecting the results of observations 76.32%. The ability of individuals to make classifications in animal biosystematic learning reached 71.72%, while in groups it was 71.98%. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the classification ability of participants in animal biosystematic learning is good with the medium category, this can support in making numerical taxonomy.
Device and Method of Sample Preparation for Gas Chromatographic determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Complex Matrices
Authors: Oberenko Andrei V. , Kachin Sergey V. , Sagalakov Sergey A.
Published: June 2021

A device and a method for sample preparation have been developed, which make it possible to implement successive stages of thermal separation of volatile components from a solid (liquid) matrix, their capture from the gas phase by a solid sorbent, and liquid microextraction of sorbates for further gas chromatographic analysis. The device and the algorithm of its application for GC–MS determination of a number of volatile organic compounds from matrices with complex chemical composition have been tested
Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Binary Composites
Authors: Studenikina Lubov N. , Korchagin Vladimir I. , Popova Lubov V. , Savvin Pavel N.
Published: June 2021

The behavior of binary composites (BC) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA‑1799) and various amounts of microcellulose (MC) in water and biochemical media (soil, compost, water-silt mixture) is studied. The results of the experiment emphasize the complex nature of the biodegradation of the studied composites under natural conditions. Introduction of microcellulose into the polymer matrix of PVA about 60 vol.% is accompanied by the formation of a porous structure that promotes the penetration of water and components of biochemical media into the volume of the material. At the same time, the uniform distribution of the MC fibers creates the effect of a reinforcing filler and allows you to maintain strength even with prolonged soaking of the BC. The achievement of «zero» strength at exposure in water is observed after 2 days, 14 days, 2 months. for BC with a content of MC 0, 80–60, 40–10 vol.%, respectively. After 6 months of incubation in the soil environment, the index of destruction of composites was 0.89, 0.87, 0.95, 0.96 with a degree of filling with microcellulose of 10, 20,40, 80 vol.%, respectively, while there was a lack of fragmentation of the samples. A method of computer colorometry in the dynamics of biodegradation of polysaccharide-filled thermoplastics is proposed to assess the degree of penetration of components of biochemical media into the volume of the material
Internal combustion engine diagnostics using statistically processed Wiebe function
Authors: Famfulik Jan , Richtar Michal , Smiraus Jakub , Muckova Petra , Sarkan Branislav , Dresler Pavel
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to present the concept of an indirect diagnostic method using the assessment of the variability of the amount of released heat (mass fraction burn) and the heat release rate. The Wiebe function for the assessment of variability has been used. The Wiebe function parameters from the course of the high-pressure indication in the cylinder of internal combustion engine using linear regression have been calculated. From a sufficiently large number of measured samples, the upper and lower limits of the Wiebe function parameters have been statistically determined. Lower and upper limits characterize variability of the heat release process not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of heat release rate. The assessment of variability is thus more complicated than using one integral indicator, typically the mean value of amount of the released heat. The procedure enabling a more accurate estimation of heat generation beginning has been shown. For the combustion process variability assessment of the engine, statistical test of relative frequencies has been used.
BI-DIRECTIONAL MONTE CARLO TREE SEARCH
Authors: Spoerer Kristian
Published: June 2021

This paper describes a new algorithm called Bi-Directional Monte Carlo Tree Search. The essential idea of Bi-directional Monte Carlo Tree Search is to run an MCTS forwards from the start state, and simultaneously run an MCTS backwards from the goal state, and stop when the two searches meet. Bi-Directional MCTS is tested on 8-Puzzle and Pancakes Problem, two single-agent search problems, which allow control over the optimal solution length d and average branching factor b respectively. Preliminary results indicate that enhancing Monte Carlo Tree Search by making it Bi-Directional speeds up the search. The speedup of Bi-directional MCTS grows with increasing the problem size, in terms of both optimal solution length d and also branching factor b. Furthermore, Bi-Directional Search has been applied to a Reinforcement Learning algorithm. It is hoped that the speed enhancement of Bi-directional Monte Carlo Tree Search will also apply to other planning problems.
RELAYVIO: MOBILE APPLICATION FOR DOCUMENTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors: Mohd Norowi Noris , Hairudin Siti Norhanida , Abdullah Lili Nurliyana
Published: June 2021

RelayVio is designed and developed as android based mobile applications for all users, particularly users of domestic violence victims and their families in Malaysia. The main function of this app is to encourage domestic violence victims to document evidence of violence by way of writing notes, capturing images and recording dates and times of the occurrence. The app also allows victims to sending messages to a domestic violence hotline (Talian Nur), or can directly connect to 999 in the event of an emergency. The app also aims to educate the general public on the signs, dangers and help they can get relating to domestic violence abuse, through the use of animation (3D stop motion). getting information about the act of domestic violence. The method used in the development of mobile applications is ADDIE, which consists of analysis, design, system development, implementation and evaluation. An interview with a sociologist was conducted as an expert review, as well as a usability study of the app. Results show that the majority of the participants agreed that RelayVio app will be able to facilitate victims of domestic violence to gather information and keep documentation of the abuse as a form of evidence against their abusers.
AUGMENTED REALITY IN FACILITATING LEARNING: A REVIEW
Authors: Saat Azmah , Ab. Razak Nur Izah , Abas Razif , O.K. Rahmat Rahmita Wirza
Published: June 2021

The present study reviews the augmented reality application in the education area. Justification of the use is to improve the learning motivation and outcome of students through the use of a deep learning approach. A deep learning approach is associated with better academic performances. Augmented reality provides a tool to motivate learning and understanding in the student. In the medical domain, augmented reality may serve as replacement of cadavers especially during online learning. The main aim of the current review is to reflect the use of augmented reality as a teaching and learning tool to motivate and promote the deep learning approach process which includes life-long learning and possible research areas that warrant and assess the impact of augmented reality on academic performance. Augmented reality may be a tool in complementing the learning aids of the conventional methods of teaching and learning.
Decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hematomas
Authors: Dashyan V. G. , Khamurzov V. A. , Sosnovskiy E. A. , Sytnik A. V. , Khovrin D. V. , Godkov I. M. , Rurua G. V. , Kryachev R. Yu. , Stepanov V. N. , Krylov V. V. , Grin A. А.
Published: June 2021

The study objective is to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy (DC) for treatment оf supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hematomas (ICH).

Materials and methods. Between 1996 to 2019, 97 patients with supratentorial hypertensive ICHs underwent surgical treatment. DC was performed in 50 patients (primary - in 41, secondary - in 9). Putaminal hematomas were diagnosed in 30 patients, subcortical - in 20. The comparison group consisted of 47 patients, of which 20 had osteoplastic craniotomy (OPC) with microsurgical removal of ICH, and 27 had endoscopic aspiration (EA). The performed DCa were treated as unjustified (decreased brain dislocation without prolapse of the brain substance into the trepanation defect), ineffective (preservation of brain dislocation and absence of prolapse of the brain substance into the trepanation defect, as well as small size of the trepanation hole) and effective (prolapse of the brain substance into the trepanation defect and regression of transverse brain dislocation).

Results. DC was effective only in 22 (44 %) patients (13 - primary, 9 - secondary). Among patients with subcortical ICH, mortality rate after DC was equal to that after OPC and EA. Among patients with putaminal ICH, the mortality rate after DC was significantly higher than after OPC and EA. Among the patients who underwent primary EA and delayed DC (due to recurrent ICH), postoperative mortality rate was significantly higher than among the patients who underwent repeated EA of recurrent ICH. However, there were no fatal outcomes among patients who underwent delayed DC due to increased edema and transverse dislocation of the brain without recurrent ICH.

Conclusion. In the surgical treatment of supratentorial hypertensive ICH, decompressive effect of DC was achieved only in 44 % of patients. Open removal of putaminal hematomas in combination with DC was unjustified, mortality rate was 66 %. Primary DC with removal of ICH is indicated in patients with subcortical hematomas with a volume >50 cm3 , with transverse dislocation >7 mm, deep deafness or sopor. Delayed DC, regardless of the location of ICH, is recommended in case of increased edema and transverse dislocation of the brain in patients without recurrent hemorrhage.
Features of Recreating the Poetics of Imagism in Translation into Russian (Based on the Material of an Independent Translation of the Poem by E. Pound «Salutation»)
Authors: Dikun M.M.
Published: June 2021

Imagism is a current in Anglo-American poetry of the 1910s. The key program text of imagism is considered to be Ezra Pound's essay "A Few Don'ts", in which he briefly describes the state of poetry at the beginning of the XX century and makes a list of "several prohibitions" for contemporary poets. He notes that it is necessary to avoid redundant words and expressions, abstract vocabulary and generalizing concepts that do not contribute to the creation of images. Working on the translation, we came to the conclusion that the main difficulties encountered in the translation were related to the transfer of the imagist poetics of the original texts, as well as to the transfer of the author's private poetics. At the stage of pre-translation analysis of the text, we chose the strategy of equirithmic translation, which was dictated by the historical and literary context of the poem (E. Pound's observations on the principles that should guide a poet of the early XX century).
Some Notes on the Reception of Dostoevsky in Italy at the Time of Mussolini
Authors: Aloe S.V.
Published: June 2021

The article is a preliminary attempt to outline the contours of the complex reception of the creativity and ideological world of F. M. Dostoevsky in Italy during the twenty-year period of the fascist regime (1922-1943). The attempt is justified by the lack of such studies so far, in the presence of a number of interesting articles and monographs devoted to certain aspects of the perception of the Russian writer in Italy during this period. The question of whether Dostoevsky's name was used for the purposes of fascist propaganda, in other words, whether the Russian ruler of the doom was perceived as a precursor of the fascist right-wing conservative revolution, remains unresolved. The first, as yet pro-visionary observations lead to the opinion that Dostoevsky's "fascization" took place, but had an occasional character and had little influence on the reception of the writer in general in Italy, while the strongest and most lasting influence on the reception of the writer was exerted by non-fascist or even anti-fascist writers, who, consequently, interpreted his figure and creative heritage according to categories incompatible with the ideological space of fascism.
When the Sun Shines it's Almost Heaven
Authors: Supino V.
Published: June 2021

The article describes Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's visit to Italy. Fyodor Mikhailovich was in Italy three times. For the first time in 1862, after visiting Paris and London, in his winter Notes on summer impressions, he fought both for the mores, especially the bourgeois ones, and for the inhabitants, whom he despises to the maximum and ridicules them. Dostoevsky was not an ordinary tourist: he was interested in the history of the country, Italian politics, risorgimental movements, the struggle for unification. He was a big fan of Garibaldi. He visited Italy for the second time with his great love Apollinaria Suslova in 1863. The third time he arrived in Italy in 1868, after marrying Anna in 1867, they decided to move to Europe in order to avoid the imprisonment of Dostoevsky F. M. for debts, and also to protect Anna from the oppression that the family had caused her to suffer. Also Dostoevsky F. M. was strongly impressed by painting and in his works you can notice the presence of art in general and in particular Raphael.
Blockchain Technology in Payment Systems
Authors: Sitnik A. A.
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the practice and prospects of application of blockchain technology to provide the exercise of payment services. In particular, it is noted that this technology can be used in the architecture of payment systems, as well as as the technological basis of payment instruments. In addition, blockchain can be used in areas directly related to payment services (for example, for customer identification, currency exchange operations, etc.). The author defines a number of concepts, in particular “peering payment system”, “mining”, “cryptocurrency wallet”. The paper highlights the necessity to differentiate between the actual peering payment systems (networks) and payment services operating with the use of blockchain technology. The latter can be decentralized in terms of how information is transmitted, but not managed. The presence of an entity controlling, administering or otherwise managing individual processes within such a system does not allow it to be regarded as truly decentralized — peering networks are based on the equality of all participants. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the blockchain technology indeed has a high potential of practical application in the payment field. Meanwhile, currently a cryptocurrency wallet has significant limitations of practical application for the organization of mass payments. Therefore, this technology should not be expected to replace traditional payment institutions in the nearest future. It can be predicted that blockchain will be just implemented into the existing payment infrastructure, rather than replace it completely.
The Legal Status of Consumers in Conditions of Differentiation of Legal Regulation of Public Relations
Authors: Yefimov A. V.
Published: June 2021

Currently, the legal regulation of public relations varies significantly depending on their participants. In particular, legal regulation is influenced by the consumer. However, there is no unambiguous definition of the concept of a “consumer” in legal acts, which gives rise to theoretical discussions and problems in enforcement. The purpose of the paper is to draw theoretical conclusions concerning the impact of a differentiated approach to legal regulation of the content of the legal status of consumers. Objectives of the study include: determination of validity of differentiating legal regulation of public relations, including legally binding relations; development of an approach to the identification of the general legal concept of the consumer; formation of a uniform model of the consumer’s legal status. In writing the paper, the author applied general scientific methods (system and functional methods, a group of logical methods such as deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis) and special legal methods (the formal legal method, the legal modeling method). The study concludes that the legal status of persons may vary according to such criteria as professionalism, association with business activity, connection with consumption. These criteria form a three-dimensional system, within which the legal status of a particular person is determined. In this sense, the qualification of a person as a consumer is possible due to the differentiation of legal regulation of relations according to one of the criteria (connection with consumption). It is substantiated that consumers are not only individuals who do not carry out business activities, but also individual entrepreneurs, legal entities, public legal entities, regardless of their professionalism and connection with business activities. The article proposes an approach according to which the process of consumption should equally influence the legal status of consuming persons due to a single criterion of differentiation with the preservation of the possibility of further differentiation by other criteria of legal significance. On the basis of the selection of the consumption criterion, the paper proposes a uniform model of the legal status of the consumer.
El uso del álbum ilustrado como herramienta para el desarrollo de la competencia literaria y la mejora de la inclusión en Educación Infantil
Authors: Larriet Suárez Ylenia
Published: June 2021

actual, ofreciendo una educación para todo el alumnado. Una herramienta eficazpara ello puede ser la conversación literaria, compartiendo opiniones o ideas sobre laslecturas, pues permite trabajar de forma transversal. Partiendo de lo expuesto, este trabajopretende comprobar la contribución de la lectura compartida de álbumes ilustrados,combinada con la conversación literaria, a la mejora de la inclusión y la competencia literariaen un aula de Educación Infantil. Para ello, se adopta una metodología de corteexploratorio, basada un estudio de caso a través del diseño, aplicación y análisis de lasrespuestas lectoras suscitadas por la lectura compartida, empleando el enfoque DIME, enuna muestra de 34 escolares entre los tres y cinco años de un centro educativo del Principadode Asturias. Se emplea la observación participante, diario de campo, entrevistascon las maestras y grabaciones de audio para la obtención de datos y Atlas Ti como softwareespecífico para el análisis de datos. Los resultados reflejan que la conversación literariapermite la creación de un clima acogedor en el que todo el alumnado participa,se relaciona e intercambia opiniones basadas en el respeto y la tolerancia.
Screening methods for autism spectrum disorders in the study of neuropsychological development of preschool children
Authors: Tkachuk E A , Martynovich N N , Rychkova L V
Published: June 2021

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of screening methods for diagnosing autism spectrum disorders available to the pediatric service; to prove in practice impossibilities to identify signs of autism spectrum disorders by using the existed pediatric methods.

Methods. The neuropsychological development of 187 preschool children (56 years old) was investigated. The neurological status, anxiety according to A.M. Parishioners, level of intelligence using Raven's Progressive Matrices, the presence of hyperactivity according to the method of V.R. Kuchma, mental performance according to V.Ya. Anfimov, screening diagnostics of autism spectrum disorders were studied.

Results. Assessment of the neurological status showed an increase in tendon reflexes in 10.22.2% of children, a decrease in 12.32.4%. The study of the intelligence levels in the Ravenna test showed that the average intelligence level was in 47.13.7% of the studied children, the intelligence was below the average in 52.93.7% of children. Screening diagnostics of autism spectrum disorders did not reveal abnormalities, however, 5.31.6% of children had signs of predisposition to the autism spectrum disorder (decreased adaptation to changes, nervousness and fears, verbal and non-verbal communication, level of activity and consistency of intellectual response). The indicator of the productivity of mental performance of preschool children was 5.40.5. Attention deficit was detected in 5.91.7% of children (according to the parent's questionnaire) and 8.62.0% children (according to the teachers' questionnaire). The level of anxiety was 9.60.3 points.

Conclusion. The currently known screening methods for detecting autism spectrum disorders, available to the pediatric service, in our opinion, are uninformative; the search for the most sensitive markers of autism should be based on an understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders.
Predicting the development of complications in patients with rhinosinusitis by cytokine profile indicators
Authors: Baranova N I , Aschina L A , Fedin A V , Shkurova N A , Sergeev S V
Published: June 2021

Aim. To develop a method for predicting the development of complications in rhinosinusitis patients based on the cytokine profile study.

Methods. We examined 110 patients with rhinosinusitis and 30 healthy donors (control group). The patients were divided into the group without a complicated course of rhinosinusitis (first group, n=65) and the group with a complicated course of rhinosinusitis (second group, n=45). The blood serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, interferon (IFN)- were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by using Microsoft Excel 2013 and Statistica 12.0 software. Statistically significant differences between the compared groups were determined by using the MannWhitney U-test, and p 0.05 was considered significant. Multivariate analysis included correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The mathematical model consistency was determined by using Fisher's F-test, and p 0.05 was considered significant.

Results. Changes in cytokine profile manifested by a decrease in the level of interleukin-1 (p=0.00001), interleukin-4 (p=0.045) and an increase in the level of interleukin-18 (p=0.00001) were revealed in patients with uncomplicated course of rhinosinusitis. The complicated course of rhinosinusitis was characterized by a decrease in the level of interleukin-1 (p=0.00002), interleukin-4 (p=0.049) and an increase in the level of interleukin-8 (p=0.023), interleukin-17 (p=0.00015) and interleukin-18 (p=0.0002). Comparative analysis of the first and the second groups of patients showed an increased level of interleukin-8 (p=0.00001), interleukin-17 (p=0.0001) and reduced levels of interleukin-18 (p=0.00045) in the group of patients with complicated course of rhinosinusitis. Based on interleukin-17, interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 levels, the mathematical model for predicting the development of complications in patients with rhinosinusitis was developed.

Conclusion. The complicated course of rhinosinusitis was characterized by decreased levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-4 and increased levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-8 and interleukin-18, indicating a more pronounced inflammatory process; for personalized therapy, an approach based on interleukin-17, interleukin-8 and interleukin-18 levels was developed on which the development of a complicated course in patients with rhinosinusitis can be predicted.
Low-molecular-weight fibroblast growth factor-2 — a viable prognostic factor for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Mikheeva E G , Aukhadieva A M , Sabirov A G , Boichuk S V
Published: June 2021

Aim. To examine the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and its isoforms in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and assess the prognostic value of this marker.

Methods. The study included 44 patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach who were prescribed surgical or combined treatment with the targeted drug imatinib (imatinib mesylate). Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-staining and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies were used to assess the expression of FGF-2. Statistical analysis for differences in clinical and morphological parameters was performed by using Students, MannWhitneyWilcoxon and Fishers tests. Differences were considered significant at p 0.05.

Results. Fibroblast growth factor-2 expression was assessed in tumor tissues in 39 out of 44 analyzed patients. The frequency of fibroblast growth factor-2 expression in the observed patients was 84.6% (33/39). The moderate and strong fibroblast growth factor-2 expression was detected in 21 (53.8%) patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. High expression of low-molecular weight (18 kDa) fibroblast growth factor-2 isoform was found in all tumor samples from patients with high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (prognostic group 6) (p=0.039), which indicated the active secretion of this ligand by its signalling pathway in the cancer cells. Patients with high levels of low‐molecular‐weight fibroblast growth factor-2 showed a higher level of Ki-67 proliferative activity (р=0.013) and tumor size (р=0.0017). Patients with increased expression of the low molecular weight isoform of fibroblast growth factor-2 in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor had a higher risk of recurrence, as well as larger tumor size and proliferative activity compared with patients without expression of this isoform. The level of fibroblast growth factor-2 expression in tumor samples, determined by immunohistochemistry-staining, increases after initiation of imatinib to based therapy, which may indicate the formation of resistance to this targeted drug and the progression of the disease.

Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that FGF-2 might be an independent prognostic marker of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor and a viable therapeutic target.
Modern concepts of low birth weight and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Yakovleva O V , Rogozhina I E , Glukhova T N
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to study the state of the problem of the development of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction over the past 5 years. A review of randomized trials of the PubMed database for the period of 2015 to 2020 was carried out. Experts reached an agreement on the definition of diagnostic criteria for small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction, a clinically valid classification was created, and the main monitoring strategies were developed. Due to the different pathogenesis, fetal growth restriction is divided into early and late. The observation algorithm includes tests that have shown higher sensitivity and specificity. There is no single standard for the median weight and abdominal circumference of a fetus, indicators of the reference range for fetal Doppler. Smoking cessation and taking acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 150 mg at high risk of preeclampsia is recommended to prevent the small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction. The pregnancy management algorithm includes Doppler ultrasound examination of the umbilical artery, cardiotocography. If this pathology occurs before 32 weeks of pregnancy, the blood flow in ductus venosus is additionally examined, and after 32 weeks of pregnancy, the middle cerebral artery blood velocities and cerebroplacental ratio are assessed. Indicators of Doppler velocimetry and cardiotocography, which serve as criteria for early termination of pregnancy, are developed, measures are proposed to improve neonatal outcomes prevention of respiratory distress syndrome at 2434 weeks of gestation, as well as magnesium therapy for fetal neuroprotection. The problems of preventing fetal growth restriction and the algorithm for monitoring pregnant women who do not have risk factors for small-for-gestational-age fetus, management tactics and indications for delivery while slowing fetal weight gain remain unresolved.
Inclusion of the prepared patient relatives in the process of early rehabilitation of onco-surgical patients in the department of anesthesiology and intensive care
Authors: Saetgaraev A K , Maximov I L , Zakirov I I , Shaymardanov I V , Grigoreva I A , Guryleva M E
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the influence of the trained environment of geriatric onco-surgical patients on the quality of the interventions in the complex of early postoperative rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Methods. The 96 patients aged 73.37.1 years operated on in the emergency onco-surgery clinic of the Tatarstan Cancer Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan between 2016 and 2020. Patients, similar in age and condition (American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status category IIIE) were divided into three equal groups: the first group generally accepted measures for early rehabilitation were carried out by medical staff; the second group the prepared relatives of the patient was additionally involved in rehabilitation; the control group early rehabilitation was not carried out. The quality of nutritional support and measures to prevent pressure ulcers, cognitive function were assessed. Statistical processing was performed by using Microsoft Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 software. The statistical significance of data was determined by using the chi-square test at p 0.05.

Results. The involvement of previously trained relatives made it possible to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers grade IV to 0%. There was a significant difference in the volume of assimilated enteral oral feeding (180.620.8; 240.620.8; 80.510.2; p 0.05) and the serum albumin level by 11 days after surgery (26.81.5; 28.91.2; 24.21.1 g/L, respectively; p 0.05). Assimilation of enteral oral feeding improved 3 times compared with the control group and 1.5 times compared with the first group (p 0.05). Indicators of cognitive status by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) on the 6th day were 23.31.1; 25.31.1; 21.21.2 (p 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion. A rationally organized preparation of the patient's environment for the implementation of care, participation in rehabilitation measures and the prevention of complications can improve outcomes of medical intervention and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.
The role of the Kazan surgical school in better understanding of sepsis
Authors: Volkov V E , Volkov S V
Published: June 2021

The work aims to give a clinical assessment of the scientific research of representatives of the Kazan surgical school in the 4060s of the last century on the problem of sepsis and to consider the practical significance of the results obtained in the light of modern concepts about the purulent-septic disease, as well as to study the effectiveness of the methods used to reduce mortality in wound sepsis. The representatives of the Kazan surgical school were among the first physicians in the national medical society to substantiate the key role of the local focus/foci and generalization of infection in the development of sepsis. They first laid the foundations for the prevention of generalization of infection from the primary focus as the main factor for developing sepsis. Their data on the role of bacteremia in the etiology of sepsis and the prevention of fulminant sepsis are still relevant. These achievements remain priorities for the domestic surgical school and have become part and parcel of the international guidelines 2016 on sepsis (Sepsis-3).
Ilizarov method in treatment of neurological foot deformities
Authors:   Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy, Kirienko A. , Malagoli E. ,   Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy, Lucchesi G. ,   Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Published: June 2021

Introduction Diseases related to the lesions of upper or lower motor neurons, such as spina bifida, myopathy, and residual polio, often cause severe deformities of the foot and ankle. The treatment goal is to convert a deformed and rigid foot into a plantigrade foot. Matherial and method We treated 51 neurological feet from 2001 to 2018 with the Ilizarov method. They were polio outcomes in 27 cases, 17 feet were affected by spina bifida, 6 other patients had Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Results Results were assessed by comparing appearance and function before and after surgery described by Dimeglio, and modified by Dong Y.L. et al. Before surgery, there were 33 moderate and 28 severe deformities (average preoperative scores, 6.3). The mean time required to correct a deformity was 37.1 days (range, 22–58 days) and the mean time for stabilization was 67.2 days (range, 45–98 days). At latest follow-up (mean 7.42 years, from 13 month to 16 years), clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction were considered acceptable. 28 patients achieved an excellent outcome and 21 patients had a good outcome, two feet were classified as having a poor result. Nearly 86 % of patients (44 patients) were satisfied with their outcomes and replied they would repeat their procedure. Complications include infection in 15 % of K-wire tracts, Dysesthesia in 5 cases, superficial necrosis in 3. One patient developed knee contracture. 2 patients were re-operated with V osteotomy. Conclusions The Ilizarov method represents a great resource in the treatment of severe neurological deformities of the foot.
Creation of a Sudden Cardiac Arrest Safety Net
Authors: McCormack Mary , Zarcone Carole , Hoepper Kendra , Watters Pamela
Published: June 2021

Background: More than 350,000 episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occur annually in the United States, with less than half of the victims receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Provision of bystander CPR has been noted to increase survival rates two to three-fold; however, bystander CPR is initiated in less than 50 % of out of OHCA episodes in the United States.Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to create a sudden cardiac arrest safety net on a college campus. The American Heart Association (AHA) CPR in Schools Program© was provided to college students, athletes, faculty and staff.Method: A multi-group educational intervention with a pre- and post-test design. Results: Participant knowledge level of CPR and AED use significantly improved on the post test. Additionally, after attending the sessions participants reported an increase in comfort level performing CPR and improved knowledge of the locations of the AEDs on campus. As a result of the program, nine additional AED’s have been placed in high-traffic areas on campus.Conclusion: Empowering laypersons with the skills and knowledge to respond to potential episodes of OHCA are integral steps towards improving patient outcomes.
Wellness and Motivation in a Physical Education Course Over a Semester: Examining the Interaction Effects that Motivation has on Wellness Outcomes
Authors: Lothes II John , Kantor Rachel
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study reports the results that physical education classes have on college students' overall wellbeing and motivation over the course of a semester. This study examines the pre/post outcomes of a physical education course on 12 dimensions of wellness and motivation from the start of the semester to the end of the semester.Participants: College students (N = 1193) taking Physical Education 101 (PED101) over the course of a semester.Methods: Beginning (pre) and end (post) of the semester assessments for wellbeing and motivation were conducted using the Wellness Inventory. Quantitative outcomes from the Wellness Inventory were compared pre/post as well as demographic variables (e.g., gender & exercise frequency). Regression analysis was also conducted to examine how motivation may affect wellness. Results: All 12 dimensions of wellness and motivation showed increases from the start of the semester to the end of the semester. Motivation was also positively correlated with increases in wellness scores. The results found statistically significant changes between the pre- and post-assessments for all dimensions of wellness outcomes and motivation scores. There were also significant changes between the pre- and post-assessments when investigating differences based on sex.Conclusion: PED101 courses can be useful interventions to help move college students towards wellness.
Estudio sobre la brecha de género en el acceso al mercado hipotecario de Ecuador
Authors: Hernández Carmen , Libertun de Duren Nora Ruth , Acosta M. María Elena
Published: June 2021

El estudio "Brechas de género en el acceso al mercado hipotecario en Ecuador" analiza el acceso de las mujeres en condición de pobreza y pobreza moderada para la obtención de un crédito para vivienda en el sistema financiero formal, el dimensionamiento y caracterización de los nudos críticos y potencialidades (oferta y demanda), cualificando la demanda actual y la tipología de vivienda para la que se otorga crédito; así como la identificación y caracterización de los principales desafíos enfrentados por las mujeres en el otrogamiento, el nivel de exclusión, el comportamiento crediticio y las prácticas y concepciones de las instituciones financieras (IFI) que ofrecen crédito para vivienda, a partir de lo cual se presentan conclusiones y se establece recomendaciones que contribuyan a acortar las brechas de género identificadas, contribuyendo a la implementación de los proyectos y la política pública de vivienda en el país.
Desarrollo de habilidades en América Latina y el Caribe: Desafíos y estrategias
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: June 2021

Esta publicación recoge los mensajes principales del Documento Marco Sectorial de Desarrollo de Habilidades, que tiene como objetivo orientar el trabajo que realiza el Grupo BID junto con los países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) en este ámbito. Las habilidades se desarrollan en diferentes grados de intensidad y en diferentes lugares en cada fase del ciclo de vida. Este documento presenta cinco desafíos para el desarrollo de habilidades en cinco etapas clave de la vida: la infancia, la niñez y la preadolescencia, la adolescencia, la juventud y la edad adulta, y ofrece orientación sobre los esfuerzos del Grupo BID para ayudar a los países de ALC a promover el desarrollo de habilidades y el aprendizaje permanente como una estrategia para asegurar que los ciudadanos puedan contribuir productivamente a la sociedad, mejorar su bienestar y ser buenos ciudadanos. Propone cinco líneas de acción: (i) asegurar que las personas tengan acceso equitativo a oportunidades de aprendizaje relevantes y de alta calidad a lo largo de la vida; (ii) fortalecer los mecanismos de aseguramiento de la calidad y pertinencia; (iii) consolidar y desarrollar mejores mecanismos de financiamiento y cofinanciamiento para mejorar la eficiencia, efectividad y cobertura de las oportunidades de desarrollo de habilidades; (iv) aprovechar el uso de la tecnología para aumentar la equidad y el acceso a las oportunidades de desarrollo de habilidades y mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de desarrollo de habilidades; y (v) promover activamente la generación y uso de evidencia para informar las decisiones sobre el desarrollo de habilidades.
Evaluation of Cell Block Diagnostics in Intra-Abdominal Lesions with Radiological and Clinical Correlation in a Tertiary Centre in North Karnataka Region
Authors: Mali Md Hamed Altaf , A. M Anita , Meenakshi Meenakshi , Patil Anuradha G
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Cytological examination of intra-abdominal lesions is crucial in diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of suspected malignancies. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a routine diagnostic modality for diagnosis. FNAC is a reliable, rapid, cost effective procedure and plays an important role particularly in low resource centres. FNAC along with cell block has shown remarkable result in diagnosis of malignant lesions and its sub-classification using various antibody markers. METHODS A total of 102 cases of intra-abdominal lesions were studied over a period of one year in this descriptive study. Ultrasound sonography (USG) guided FNACs were done in 89 cases and ascetic / peritoneal fluid analysis in 13 cases. Cell blocks were made in 95 cases and immunohistochemistry (IHCs) were done in 69 cases of suspected / malignant intra-abdominal lesions to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS Out of 102 cases, cytological smears in 89, fluid smears in 13 and cell blocks in 95 cases were available respectively. Most common intra-abdominal organ involved was liver (21.56 %) followed by retroperitoneum (17.65 %) and lymph nodes (14.70 %). The intra-abdominal lesions were classified into non - neoplastic (16.67 %) and neoplastic lesions (83.33 %). Neoplastic lesions (83.33 %) were further sub classified into benign (15.68 %) and malignant (67.65 %). IHC was done in all malignant lesions for confirmation of primary and / or metastasis. Complete concordance between cell blocks and smears was observed in 95 / 102 cases (93.14 %), while discordances were noted in 05 out of 102 cases (06.86 %). CONCLUSIONS Cell blocks play a vital role in cytopathology and as an adjunct to the routine cytology smears and body fluids. Cell buttons are cost effective and simple to make without involving much higher technicality. Cell block sections offer advantages with respect to cellular architecture, archival storage and application of IHCs which help in pin-pointing the diagnosis. Hence, cell blocks must be considered to increase the diagnostic yield and efficacy. KEYWORDS Cytopathology, Malignant Lesions, Immuno - Histochemistry, Diagnostic Utility