bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of adrenergic activity by desipramine enhances hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization along with G‐CSF in multiple myeloma: A pilot study
Authors: Shastri Aditi , Budhathoki Anjali , Barta Stefan K. , Kornblum Noah , Derman Olga , Battini Ramakrishna , Raghupathy Radha , Verma Amit K. , Frenette Paul S. , Braunschweig Ira , Janakiram Murali
Published: July 2017

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) release is positively regulated by the sympathetic nervous system through the β3 adrenergic receptor. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the combination of desipramine and G‐CSF resulted in improved HSC mobilization. Here, we present the results of an open‐label single‐arm pilot study in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) to assess the safety and efficacy of desipramine combined with G‐SCF to induce HSC mobilization. The primary endpoint was safety of the combination including engraftment kinetics. The secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients who collected ≥5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Outcomes were compared with historical matched controls during the same time period with multiple myeloma mobilized with G‐CSF. All study patients received desipramine 100 mg daily for 7 days, starting 4 days prior to G‐CSF administration (D‐3) and continued taking it along with G‐CSF for a total of 7 days. Six of ten patients enrolled completed the protocol with minimal side effects. All of them achieved the target collection of 5 × 106 CD34 cells/kg in a median of 1.5 apheresis session with two patients needing additional plerixafor (16%), while 11 out of 13 patients (85%) achieved the target of 5 × 106 CD34 cells/kg in the historical control group in a median of 2 apheresis procedures and seven patients needed plerixafor (54%). The combination of desipramine and G‐CSF is safe and signals improved mobilization over G‐CSF alone, providing a possible alternative means of mobilization that needs further investigation.
L10 Stacked Binaries as Candidates for Hard‐Magnets: FePt, MnAl and MnGa
Authors: Matsushita Yu‐ichiro , Madjarova Galia , Flores‐Livas José A. , Dewhurst J. K. , Felser C. , Sharma S. , Gross E. K. U.
Published: July 2017

We present a novel approach for designing new hard magnets by forming stacks of existing binary magnets to enhance the magneto crystalline anisotropy. This is followed by an attempt at reducing the amount of expensive metal in these stacks by replacing it with cheaper metal with similar ionic radius. This strategy is explored using examples of FePt, MnAl and MnGa. In this study a few promising materials are suggested as good candidates for hard magnets: stacked binary FePt2MnGa2 in structure where each magnetic layer is separated by two non‐magnetic layers, FePtMnGa and FePtMnAl in hexagonally distorted Heusler structures and FePt0.5Ti0.5MnAl.
Isolation, Detection, and Antigen‐Based Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Size‐Dictated Immunocapture Chip
Authors: Ahmed Metages Gashaw , Abate Mahlet Fasil , Song Yanling , Zhu Zhi , Yan Feng , Xu Yao , Wang Xiaomin , Li Qingbiao , Yang Chaoyong
Published: July 2017

Even though the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been demonstrated, their clinical utility and widespread adoption have been limited. Herein, we describe a new device, size‐dictated immunocapture chip (SDI‐Chip), for efficient, sensitive, and spatially resolved capture and detection of CTCs. SDI‐Chip enables selective, frequent, and extended interaction of CTCs with hydrodynamically optimized immunocoated micropillar surfaces. CTCs with different antigen expression levels can be efficiently captured and spatially resolved around the micropillars. Capture efficiency greater than 92 % with a purity of 82 % was achieved with blood samples. CTCs were detected in non‐metastasis colorectal (CRC) patients, while none was detected from healthy volunteers. We believe that SDI‐Chip will facilitate the transition of tumor diagnosis from anatomical pathology to molecular pathology in localized CRC patients.
Eisen‐katalysierte intramolekulare Aminierung von C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen in Alkylarylaziden
Authors: Alt Isabel T. , Guttroff Claudia , Plietker Bernd
Published: July 2017

Der nucleophile Fe‐Komplex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe]) katalysiert die direkte intramolekulare Aminierung nicht‐aktivierter C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen durch Aktivierung von Arylaziden. Substituierte Indolin‐ und Tetrahydrochinolinderivate sind so gut zugänglich.
Chiral Side Groups Trigger Second Harmonic Generation Activity in 3D Octupolar Bipyrimidine‐Based Organic Liquid Crystals
Authors: van Cleuvenbergen Stijn , Kędziora Przemysław , Fillaut Jean‐Luc , Verbiest Thierry , Clays Koen , Akdas‐Kilig Huriye , Camerel Franck
Published: July 2017

The design of efficient noncentrosymmetric materials remains the ultimate goal in the field of organic second‐order nonlinear optics. Unlike inorganic crystals currently used in second‐order nonlinear optical applications, organic materials are an attractive alternative owing to their fast electro‐optical response and processability, but their alignment into noncentrosymmetric film remains challenging. Here, symmetry breaking by judicious functionalization of 3D organic octupoles allows the emergence of multifunctional liquid crystalline chromophores which can easily be processed into large, flexible, thin, and self‐oriented films with second harmonic generation responses competitive to the prototypical inorganic KH2PO4 crystals. The liquid‐crystalline nature of these chiral organic films also permits the modulation of the nonlinear optical properties owing to the sensitivity of the supramolecular organization to temperature, leading to the development of tunable macroscopic materials.
Exploring the social effect of outstanding scholars on future research accomplishments
Authors: Hsiang Liao Chien
Published: July 2017

Outstanding scholars have generally been regarded as having special influence that enables them to publish articles in top‐tier journals and obtain higher levels of research funding. This study proposes that the social effect of an outstanding scholar, which is derived from the halo effect and the Matthew effect, is favorable for the expansion of the scholar's personal research network and will improve that scholar's future research accomplishments. Data for a total of 101 outstanding information systems scholars and 36 ordinary scholars were collected. The definition of an outstanding scholar is based on the quality and quantity of their publications. The results show that the social effect of the outstanding scholars is beneficial for the development of a research network, including 3 types of network structures. In addition, being highly connected with colleagues leads to higher research accomplishments in terms of quantity, while being connected with colleagues from different sub‐fields leads to higher research accomplishments in terms of novelty. Additionally, this study found that the social effect of outstanding scholars is a double‐edged sword, with both positive and negative impacts on research accomplishments. The findings contribute several theoretical and practical implications for future research.
3D bioprinting and the current applications in tissue engineering
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Fei , Gao Guifang , Yonezawa Tomo , Cui Xiaofeng
Published: July 2017

Bioprinting as an enabling technology for tissue engineering possesses the promises to fabricate highly mimicked tissue or organs with digital control. As one of the biofabrication approaches, bioprinting has the advantages of high throughput and precise control of both scaffold and cells. Therefore, this technology is not only ideal for translational medicine but also for basic research applications. Bioprinting has already been widely applied to construct functional tissues such as vasculature, muscle, cartilage, and bone. In this review, the authors introduce the most popular techniques currently applied in bioprinting, as well as the various bioprinting processes. In addition, the composition of bioink including scaffolds and cells are described. Furthermore, the most current applications in organ and tissue bioprinting are introduced. The authors also discuss the challenges we are currently facing and the great potential of bioprinting. This technology has the capacity not only in complex tissue structure fabrication based on the converted medical images, but also as an efficient tool for drug discovery and preclinical testing. One of the most promising future advances of bioprinting is to develop a standard medical device with the capacity of treating patients directly on the repairing site, which requires the development of automation and robotic technology, as well as our further understanding of biomaterials and stem cell biology to integrate various printing mechanisms for multi‐phasic tissue engineering.
Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Perfluorinated Superacid Polymers: A Family of Bifunctional Catalysts for the Selective, One‐Pot Conversion of Vegetable Substrates in Water
Authors: Moreno‐Marrodan Carmen , Liguori Francesca , Barbaro Pierluigi , Caporali Stefano , Merlo Luca , Oldani Claudio
Published: July 2017

We describe the rational design of a new versatile family of bifunctional catalytic materials based on the combination of supported metal nanoparticles (Pd, Rh, Ru) and the superacid, perfluorinated Aquivion® PFSA polymer. The heterogeneous catalysts were tested in the multi‐step valorisation of representative plant derivatives to high‐added‐value chemicals. Particularly, the conversion of (+)‐citronellal to (‐)‐menthol and levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone was achieved in one pot and in one stage in the water phase and shows full selectivity at a high conversion level under mild reaction conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the catalyst micro‐structure.
A Highly Fluorinated Chiral Aldehyde for Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition in a Biphasic System
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Xuedan , Pu Lin
Published: July 2017

A 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐based aldehyde containing four perfluoroalkyl groups has been designed and synthesized. It shows enantioselective fluorescence enhancement at 420 nm when treated with the enantiomers of trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane in an organic/fluorous biphasic system. The enantiomeric excess of the diamine in methanol can be linearly correlated with the emission intensity of of the aldehyde in perfluorohexane (FC‐72). This is the first example to determine the enantiomeric composition of a chiral molecule by using a fluorescent sensor in a fluorous/organic biphasic system. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Immunization with a Synthetic Human MUC1 Glycopeptide Vaccine against Tumor‐Associated MUC1 Breaks Tolerance in Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Stergiou Natascha , Glaffig Markus , Jonuleit Helmut , Schmitt Edgar , Kunz Horst
Published: July 2017

Breaking tolerance is crucial for effective tumor immunotherapy. We showed that vaccines containing tumor‐associated human MUC1 glycopeptides induce strong humoral antitumor responses in mice. The question remained whether such vaccines work in humans, in systems where huMUC1 is a self‐antigen. To clarify the question, mice transgenic in expressing huMUC1, mimicking the self‐tolerant environment, and wild‐type mice were vaccinated with a synthetic vaccine. This vaccine comprised STn and Tn antigens bound to a MUC1 tandem repeat peptide coupled to tetanus toxoid. The vaccine induced strong immune responses in wild‐type and huMUC1‐transgenic mice without auto‐aggressive side effects. All antisera exhibited almost equivalent binding to human breast tumor cells. Similar increases of activated B‐, CD4+ T‐, and dendritic cells was found in the lymph nodes. The results demonstrate that tumor‐associated huMUC1 glycopeptides coupled to tetanus toxoid are promising antitumor vaccines.
Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction between Horse Heart Myoglobin and Zirconium(IV)‐Substituted Polyoxometalates as Artificial Proteases
Authors: Ly Hong Giang T. , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: July 2017

A recent study [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 7391–7394] has shown that horse heart myoglobin (HHM) is selectively hydrolyzed by a range of zirconium(IV)‐substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) under mild conditions. In this study, the molecular interactions between the Zr‐POM catalysts and HHM are investigated by using a range of complementary techniques, including circular dichroism (CD), UV/Vis spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, and 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. A tryptophan fluorescence quenching study reveals that, among all examined Zr‐POMs, the most reactive POM, 2:2 ZrIV‐Keggin, exhibits the strongest interaction with HHM. 31P NMR spectroscopy studies show that this POM dissociates in solution, resulting in the formation of a monomeric 1:1 ZrIV‐Keggin structure, which is likely to be a catalytically active species. In the presence of ZrIV‐POMs, HHM does not undergo complete denaturation, as evidenced by CD, UV/Vis, tryptophan fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. CD spectroscopy shows a gradual decrease in the α‐helical content of HHM upon addition of ZrIV‐POMs. The largest effect is observed in the presence of a large ZrIV‐Wells–Dawson structure, whereas small ZrIV‐Lindqvist POM has the least influence on the decrease in the α‐helical content of HHM. In all cases, the Soret band at λ=409 nm is maintained in the presence of all examined Zr‐POMs, which indicates that no conformational changes in the protein occur near the heme group.
Postural Control in Children with Dyslexia: Effects of Emotional Stimuli in a Dual‐Task Environment
Authors: Goulème Nathalie , Gerard Christophe‐Loïc , Bucci Maria Pia
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to compare the visual exploration strategies used during a postural control task across participants with and without dyslexia. We simultaneously recorded eye movements and postural control while children were viewing different types of emotional faces. Twenty‐two children with dyslexia and twenty‐two aged‐matched children without dyslexia participated in the study. We analysed the surface area, the length and the mean velocity of the centre of pressure for balance in parallel with visual saccadic latency, the number of saccades and the time spent in regions of interest. Our results showed that postural stability in children with dyslexia was weaker and the surface area of their centre of pressure increased significantly when they viewed an unpleasant face. Moreover, children with dyslexia had different strategies to those used by children without dyslexia during visual exploration, and in particular when they viewed unpleasant emotional faces. We suggest that lower performance in emotional face processing in children with dyslexia could be due to a difference in their visual strategies, linked to their identification of unpleasant emotional faces. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the demographic drivers of realized population growth rates
Authors: Koons David N. , Arnold Todd W. , Schaub Michael
Published: July 2017

Identifying the demographic parameters (e.g., reproduction, survival, dispersal) that most influence population dynamics can increase conservation effectiveness and enhance ecological understanding. Life table response experiments (LTRE) aim to decompose the effects of change in parameters on past demographic outcomes (e.g., population growth rates). But the vast majority ofLTREs and other retrospective population analyses have focused on decomposing asymptotic population growth rates, which do not account for the dynamic interplay between population structure and vital rates that shape realized population growth ratesin time‐varying environments. We provide an empirical means to overcome these shortcomings by merging recently developed “transient life‐table response experiments” with integrated population models (IPMs).IPMs allow for the estimation of latent population structure and other demographic parameters that are required for transientLTREanalysis, and Bayesian versions additionally allow for complete error propagation from the estimation of demographic parameters to derivations of realized population growth rates and perturbation analyses of growth rates. By integrating available monitoring data for Lesser Scaup over 60 yr, and conducting transientLTREs onIPMestimates, we found that the contribution of juvenile female survival to long‐term variation in realized population growth rates was 1.6 and 3.7 times larger than that of adult female survival and fecundity, respectively. But a persistent long‐term decline in fecundity explained 92% of the decline in abundance between 1983 and 2006. In contrast, an improvement in adult female survival drove the modest recovery in Lesser Scaup abundance since 2006, indicating that the most important demographic drivers of Lesser Scaup population dynamics are temporally dynamic. In addition to resolving uncertainty about Lesser Scaup population dynamics, the merger ofIPMs with transientLTREs will strengthen our understanding of demography for many species as we aim to conserve biodiversity during an era of non‐stationary global change.
Impact of disease on the survival of three commercially fished species
Authors: Hoenig John M. , Groner Maya L. , Smith Matthew W. , Vogelbein Wolfgang K. , Taylor David M. , Landers Donald F. , Swenarton John T. , Gauthier David T. , Sadler Philip , Matsche Mark A. , Haines Ashley N. , Small Hamish J. , Pradel Roger , Choquet Rémi , Shields Jeffrey D.
Published: July 2017

Recent increases in emergent infectious diseases have raised concerns about the sustainability of some marine species. The complexity and expense of studying diseases in marine systems often dictate that conservation and management decisions are made without quantitative data on population‐level impacts of disease. Mark–recapture is a powerful, underutilized, tool for calculating impacts of disease on population size and structure, even in the absence of etiological information. We applied logistic regression models to mark–recapture data to obtain estimates of disease‐associated mortality rates in three commercially important marine species: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in Newfoundland, Canada, that experience sporadic epizootics of bitter crab disease; striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA, that experience chronic dermal and visceral mycobacteriosis; and American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the Southern New England stock, that experience chronic epizootic shell disease. All three diseases decreased survival of diseased hosts. Survival of diseased adult male crabs was 1% (0.003–0.022, 95% CI) that of uninfected crabs indicating nearly complete mortality of infected crabs in this life stage. Survival of moderately and severely diseased striped bass (which comprised 15% and 11% of the population, respectively) was 84% (70–100%, 95% CI), and 54% (42–68%, 95% CI) that of healthy striped bass. The disease‐adjusted yearly natural mortality rate for striped bass was 0.29, nearly double the previously accepted value, which did not include disease. Survival of moderately and severely diseased lobsters was 30% (15–60%, 95% CI) that of healthy lobsters and survival of mildly diseased lobsters was 45% (27–75%, 95% CI) that of healthy lobsters. High disease mortality in ovigerous females may explain the poor recruitment and rapid declines observed in this population. Stock assessments should account for disease‐related mortality when resource management options are evaluated.
The Role of Finance Ministries in Environmental Policy Making: The case of European Union Emissions Trading System reform in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Skovgaard Jakob
Published: July 2017

Environmental policy‐making increasingly involves ministries beyond environment ministries. In particular, finance ministries are important, since they control the public budget and address environmental issues from a perspective different from environmental actors. The role of finance ministries is especially salient in the European Union's (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS), which has been subject to interventions to keep up the falling emission allowance price. The price of ETS allowances has dropped to a tenth of the expected price. The drop led to proposals for intervening in the ETS, including postponing the auctioning of emission allowances and structural reform. While the Netherlands and Denmark supported such intervention, Germany blocked an EU decision on the subject for months. To investigate whether the role of finance ministries explains the differences in government positions, this article analyses these three Member States. The analysis shows that finance ministries were involved in the policy processes and reluctantly supported intervening in the ETS. This position was due more to the desire to have a functioning ETS with minimal state intervention than to the fiscal impact of such intervention, as this impact was clouded in uncertainty. However, the finance ministries were not decisive in determining government positions, which were instead determined by the political orientation of the government (in Germany and the Netherlands) and by previous commitments to ambitious EU emission reduction targets (in Denmark). The analysis underlines the importance of studying the role of finance ministries and their different objectives (fiscal, macroeconomic) in environmental policy‐making. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Geomorphic response to gravel augmentation and high‐flow dam release in the Trinity River, California
Authors: Gaeuman David , Stewart Robert , Schmandt Brandon , Pryor Cort
Published: July 2017

The geomorphic effect of introducing a gravel augmentation totaling 520 m3 into a gravel‐bed stream during a dam‐controlled flood in May of 2015 was monitored with bedload transport measurements, an array of seismometers, and repeated topographic surveys. Half of the augmented gravel was injected into the flow with front‐end loaders on the rising limb of the flood and the other half was injected on the first day of the peak. Virtually all of the gravel transported past the injection point was deposited within about 7 to 10 channel widths of the injection point. Most of the injected gravel deposited along the left bank of the river whereas the right half of the channel bed was dominated by scour. The downstream third of the depositional area consisted of a small dune field that developed prior to the second gravel injection and subsequently migrated about one channel width downstream. A second depositional front was observed upstream from the gravel injection point, where a delta‐like wedge of bed material developed in the first hours of the flow release and changed little over the remainder of the release. These two depositional areas represent small‐scale bed‐material storage reservoirs with the potential to accumulate and periodically release packets of bed material. Interactions with such storage reservoirs are hypothesized to cause large bed‐material pulses to disperse by fragmenting into multiple smaller pulses. As a refinement to the conceptual model that views sediment pulse evolution in terms of dispersion and translation, the concept of pulse fragmentation has practical implications for gravel management. It implies that gravel augmentations can produce morphologic changes at locations that are separated from the augmentation point by arbitrarily long reaches, and it highlights the dependence of pulse propagation rates on the nature and distribution of the bed‐material storage reservoirs in the channel system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term salmon price forecasting
Authors: Bloznelis Daumantas
Published: July 2017

This study establishes a benchmark for short‐term salmon price forecasting. The weekly spot price of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon is predicted 1–5 weeks ahead using data from 2007 to 2014. Sixteen alternative forecasting methods are considered, ranging from classical time series models to customized machine learning techniques to salmon futures prices. The best predictions are delivered byk‐nearest neighbors method for 1 week ahead; vector error correction model estimated using elastic net regularization for 2 and 3 weeks ahead; and futures prices for 4 and 5 weeks ahead. While the nominal gains in forecast accuracy over a naïve benchmark are small, the economic value of the forecasts is considerable. Using a simple trading strategy for timing the sales based on price forecasts could increase the net profit of a salmon farmer by around 7%.
Geochemistry of magnetite from theHuanggangskarn iron–tin polymetallic deposit in the southernGreat Xing'an Range, NE China
Authors: Mei Wei , Lü Xinbiao , Wang Xiangdong , Jiang Manrong , Fan Xiejun , Wang Shaobin , Wei Wei , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2017

The Huanggang iron–tin polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the southern Great Xing'an Range. According to the ore types and mineral assemblages, the paragenetic sequence of the Huanggang deposit can be divided into three stages, and these magnetite grains were mainly formed at the retrograde and sulphide skarn stages. The magnetite (sample HG12‐13) from the early retrograde stage is represented by fine‐grained magnetite cutting across coarse‐grained magnetite surrounded by quartz and calcite. The magnetite (sample HG12‐73) from the late retrograde stage is locally replaced by haematite along the margin or interior and is surrounded by calcite. The magnetite (sample HG12‐88) from the early sulphide stage is characterized by obvious core–rim textural features. The magnetite (sample HG‐62) from the late sulphide stage is featured by zone‐like magnetite occurring along the margin and interior of the primary magnetite.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to obtain trace element concentrations of magnetite from the different mineralization stages in order to better understand the geochemical variations in the ore‐forming process. Some magnetite grains have abnormally high Mg, Al, K, Cu, Zn, and Sn due to the presence of numerous inclusions (e.g., chlorite, sylvite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and cassiterite). In general, magnetite grains from the different mineralization stages demonstrate similar bulk continental crust normalized trace elements patterns, suggesting that they share a similar origin. The increasing Si + Al/Mg + Mn ratios and decreasing Mg + Mn contents for magnetite show an increasing fluid–rock ratio from the retrograde to sulphide stage. Co contents of magnetite decrease abruptly from the retrograde stage to the sulphide stage, whereas Mn contents show the reverse trend, which is affected by minerals coprecipitating with magnetite. A zoned magnetite from the sulphide stage shows decreasing Ti and V contents from core to outer rim; the variation of Ti and V may be related to the temperature or oxygen fugacity. Magnetite compositions from the Huanggang deposit are similar to those from Fe, Cu‐polymetallic, or other skarn deposits, but display more variable compositions than previously presented. Our study demonstrates that the evolution of magnetite in the skarn deposit and trace element of magnetite could be a powerful tool in determining the origin of skarn iron deposit.
Are country level prevalences of rule violations associated with knowledge overclaiming among students?
Authors: Fell Clemens B. , König Cornelius J. , Jung Sebastian , Sorg Daniel , Ziegler Matthias
Published: July 2017

Cultural norms of behaviour influence desirable and problematic behaviours of individuals. In particular, cultural norms should influence individuals' dishonesty. In a recent Nature study, prevalence of rule violations was introduced as a new country‐level measure of behavioural norms. However, information on individuals' actual honesty was not available due to characteristics of the experimental design. Overcoming this limitation, we show that country‐level behavioural norms are related to individual‐level knowledge overclaiming behaviour (i.e., claiming to know concepts that do not exist, a measure of individuals' actual behavioural dishonesty) among 290,954 students from 57 countries (from the 2012 PISA study). Our study represents a crucial test of the argument that cultural norms influence individual's behaviour and of the validity of the measurement of countries' prevalences of rule violations. These results imply that shaping the behaviour of today's students may result in new behavioural norms that emphasise honesty and rule adherence more strongly.
ASSESSING ANGELS IN THE NURSERY: A PILOT STUDY OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES OF BENEVOLENT CAREGIVING AS PROTECTIVE INFLUENCES
Authors: Narayan Angela J. , Ippen Chandra Ghosh , Harris William W. , Lieberman Alicia F.
Published: July 2017

This pilot study provides the first empirical test of the concept of “Angels in the Nursery” by examining whether childhood memories of benevolent caregiving experiences protect against heightened levels of psychopathology in high‐risk mothers. The study hypothesized that (a) elaborated childhood memories of feeling loved by a caregiver (“angel memories”) would moderate adulthood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in mothers with childhood maltreatment histories, and (b) spontaneous traumatic intrusions (“ghost memories”) would mediate childhood maltreatment and adulthood PTSD symptoms. Participants were 54 mothers (M = 32.79 years, SD = 8.91; 59.2% African American, 13.0% Caucasian, 5.6% Latina, 22.2% biracial/multiracial) who completed standardized assessments of childhood maltreatment and adulthood PTSD symptoms, and a novel instrument, the Angels in the Nursery Interview (“Angels Interview,” Van Horn, Lieberman, & Harris, 2008). Results showed that angel memories significantly moderated childhood maltreatment and adulthood PTSD symptoms, consistent with a protective effect. Higher levels of ghost memories during the Angels Interview were significantly associated with more extensive childhood maltreatment, but did not mediate maltreatment and PTSD symptoms. Findings indicate that the Angels Interview can identify pathogenic intrusions rooted in childhood maltreatment and protective factors to promote maternal mental health and buffer the intergenerational transmission of trauma.
Rapid and accurate assessment of GPCR–ligand interactions Using the fragment molecular orbital‐based density‐functional tight‐binding method
Authors: Morao Inaki , Fedorov Dmitri G. , Robinson Roger , Southey Michelle , Townsend‐Nicholson Andrea , Bodkin Mike J. , Heifetz Alexander
Published: July 2017

The reliable and precise evaluation of receptor–ligand interactions and pair‐interaction energy is an essential element of rational drug design. While quantum mechanical (QM) methods have been a promising means by which to achieve this, traditional QM is not applicable for large biological systems due to its high computational cost. Here, the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method has been used to accelerate QM calculations, and by combining FMO with the density‐functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method we are able to decrease computational cost 1000 times, achieving results in seconds, instead of hours. We have applied FMO‐DFTB to three different GPCR–ligand systems. Our results correlate well with site directed mutagenesis data and findings presented in the published literature, demonstrating that FMO‐DFTB is a rapid and accurate means of GPCR–ligand interactions. © 2017 Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen‐doped C60 as a robust catalyst for CO oxidation
Authors: Lin I‐Hsiang , Lu Yu‐Huan , Chen Hsin‐Tsung
Published: July 2017

The O2 activation and CO oxidation on nitrogen‐doped C59N fullerene are investigated using first‐principles calculations. The calculations indicate that the C59N fullerene is able to activate O2 molecules resulting in the formation of superoxide species (
) both kinetically and thermodynamically. The active superoxide can further react with CO to form CO2 via the Eley–Rideal mechanism by passing a stepwise reaction barrier of only 0.20 eV. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation is carried out to evidence the feasibility of the Eley–Rideal mechanism. In addition, the second CO oxidation takes place with the remaining atomic O without any activation energy barrier. The full catalytic reaction cycles can occur energetically favorable and suggest a two‐step Eley–Rideal mechanism for CO oxidation with O2 catalyzed by the C59N fullerene. The catalytic properties of high percentage nitrogen‐doped fullerene (C48N12) is also examined. This work contributes to designing higher effective carbon‐based materials catalysts by a dependable theoretical insight into the catalytic properties of the nitrogen‐doped fullerene. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of three lignans in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Kim Sook‐Jin , Shin Hwajin , Cheon Seong‐Moon , Ko Se‐mi , Ham Seong‐Ho , Kwon Young‐Dal , Lee Yong‐Bok , Cho Hea‐Young
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to simultaneously analyze schizandrin, schizandrol B, and gomisin N lignans in human plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The three lignans were separated using a mobile phase of water and acetonitrile containing 0.02% acetic acid equipped with a Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). This analysis was achieved by multiple reaction monitoring mode in an electrospray interface. The mass transitions were m/z 433.1→384.0 for schizandrin, 398.8→367.8 for schizandrol B, and 400.6→299.8 for gomisin N. Liquid–liquid extraction with methyl tert‐butyl ether was used to obtain the three lignans. The chromatograms showed high resolution, sensitivity, and selectivity with no interference with plasma constituents. The calibration curves for the three lignans in human plasma were 0.05–50 ng/mL and displayed excellent linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. Precision for all three lignans was within 11.23%. The accuracy was 88.3–99.0% for schizandrin, 90.6–103.4% for schizandrol B, and 90.2–103.5% for gomisin N. The developed simultaneous analytical method satisfied the criteria of international guidance and could be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of three lignans after oral administration of Schisandrae Fructus extract powder to humans.
Shrinkage and Warpage Optimization of Expanded‐Perlite‐Filled Polypropylene Composites in Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Spoerk Martin , Sapkota Janak , Weingrill Georg , Fischinger Thomas , Arbeiter Florian , Holzer Clemens
Published: July 2017

A major challenge in extrusion‐based additive manufacturing is the lack of commercially available materials compared to those in well‐established processes like injection molding or extrusion. This study aims at expanding the material database by evaluating the feasibility of polypropylene, which is one of the most common and technologically relevant semicrystalline polymers. Expanded‐perlite‐filled polypropylene and ternary blends with amorphous polyolefins are evaluated to establish an understanding of their processability and their printability. A detailed study on the shrinkage behavior, as well as on the thermal, mechanical, morphological, and warpage properties is performed. It is found that smaller sized fillers result in a tremendous warpage and shrinkage reduction and concurrently improved mechanical properties than compounds filled with bigger sized fillers. Based on the optimal properties profile, a ternary blend that can overcome the shrinkage and warpage of printed parts is suggested.
Wie der Beilstein den Krieg überstand
Authors: Wienhaus Otto
Published: July 2017

Der Zweite Weltkrieg zerstörte ganze wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken, oder sie gingen in den Wirren nach dem Krieg verloren. Otto Wienhaus erlebte als Kind und Zeitzeuge, wie die Redaktion es schaffte, Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie davor zu bewahren.
Blasen und Rost unter dem Lack
Authors: Pawlik Katrin , Schwedat Stefan , Hartmann Annett
Published: July 2017

Die Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von Polymerfilmen lässt sich mit einer speziellen Messzelle für die Karl‐Fischer‐Titration bestimmen.
Industrie in der Hochschule
Authors: Rakers Lena , Ernst Johannes
Published: July 2017

Anfang Mai fand zum bereits sechsten Mal das Symposium „Forschung der Chemischen Industrie“ im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie an der Universität Münster statt. Ziel der eintägigen Veranstaltung war der Austausch zwischen den Forschenden der Industrie und denen der Universität – diese Gelegenheit nutzten etwa 300 Teilnehmer. Organisiert wurde die Veranstaltung von Frank Glorius, Professor für organische Chemie. Die teilnehmenden Industrieunternehmen und der Sonderforschungsbereich Synergetische Effekte in der Chemie unterstützten finanziell.
Unter Arztvorbehalt
Authors: Sauer Susanne
Published: July 2017

Naturwissenschaftler in Krankenhäusern und medizinischen Laboren verdienen weniger und haben schlechtere Aufstiegschancen als Mediziner, obwohl sie besser qualifiziert sind. Wenn sie sich benachteiligt fühlen, sind sie mit ihrer Arbeit weniger zufrieden. Das ergab eine Studie der Universität Marburg.
Imaging and management of fetuses and neonates with alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kovanlikaya Arzu , Tiwari Priyanka , Bussel James B.
Published: July 2017

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is the most common cause of severe neonatal thrombocytopenia and intracranial bleeding in term newborns. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) commonly results in death or severe, lasting neurologic disability. The timing of ICH is also important for management of the next affected pregnancy in cases of FNAIT. This manuscript reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the different radiologic methodologies to identify and characterize ICH. It discusses the limits of ultrasound and the advantages of magnetic resonance imaging allowing avoidance of the radiation associated with computed tomography (CT) scans.
Are All Kids Alike? The Magnitude of Individual Differences in Personality Characteristics Tends to Increase from Early Childhood to Early Adolescence
Authors: Mõttus René , Soto Christopher J. , Slobodskaya Helena R.
Published: July 2017

Do individual differences in personality traits become more or less pronounced over childhood and adolescence? The present research examined age differences in the variance of a range of personality traits, using parent reports of two large samples of children from predominantly the USA and Russia, respectively. Results indicate (i) that individual differences in most traits tend to increase with age from early childhood into early adolescence and then plateau, (ii) that this general pattern of greater personality variance at older childhood age is consistent across the two countries, and (iii) that this pattern is not an artefact of age differences in means or floor/ceiling effects. These findings are consistent with several (noncontradictory) developmental mechanisms, including youths’ expanding behavioural capacities and person–environment transactions (corresponsive principle). However, these mechanisms may predominantly characterize periods before adolescence, or they may be offset by countervailing processes, such as socialization pressure towards a mature personality profile, in late adolescence and adulthood. Finally, the findings also suggest that interpreting age trajectories in mean trait scores as pertaining to age differences in a typical person may sometimes be misleading. Investigating variance should become an integral part of studying personality development. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
Large‐area flexible, transparent, and highly luminescent films containing lanthanide (III) complex‐doped ionic liquids for efficiency enhancement of silicon‐based heterojunction solar cell
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Wang Tianren , Qin Xiaoting , Zhang Zhongyi , Sun Yunyu , Liang Hongze , Li Huanrong
Published: July 2017

Ionic liquid (IL)‐based lanthanide luminescent materials with luminescent downshifting properties are beneficial for enhancing the photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency (ηpv) of silicon‐based solar cells. Herein, novel lanthanide (III) complex‐doped ILs have been successfully prepared by simply dissolving the complex Ln(pybox)3 (Ln = Eu or Tb, pybox = 2,6‐bis[(4R)‐4‐phenyl‐2‐oxazolinyl]pyridine) into a bidentate organophosphine functionalized IL (1,3‐bis‐[3‐(diphenylphosphinyl)propyl]imidazolebis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), showing improved luminescence efficiency attributed to the coordination of ILs with Ln3+ ions and thus occurrence of the energy transfer from ILs to Ln3+ ions and very high absolute quantum efficiency (up to 97.22%). Large area (17 × 17 cm2) flexible, transparent, and luminescent poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films were prepared through a simple drop‐casting method and were applied as luminescent downshifting coatings to the silicon‐based heterojunction solar cells (active area: 235 cm2). In the best case using the Tb3+‐containing film, the ηpv of the solar cell increases from 16.676 to 16.774%.
Quasi‐living copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene by heteroligated (salicylaldiminato β‐enaminoketonato) titanium complexes
Authors: Long Ying‐Yun , Wang Yong‐Xia , Li Bai‐Xiang , Li Yan‐Guo , Li Yue‐Sheng
Published: July 2017

A series of heteroligated (salicylaldiminato)(β‐enaminoketonato)titanium complexes [3‐But‐2‐OC6H3CH = N(C6F5)] [PhN = C(R1)CHC(R2)O]TiCl2 [3a: R1 = CF3, R2 = tBu; 3b: R1 = Me, R2 = CF3; 3c: R1 = CF3, R2 = Ph; 3d: R1 = CF3, R2 = C6H4Ph(p); 3e: R1 = CF3, R2 = C6H4Ph(o); 3f: R = CF3, R2 = C6H4Cl(p); 3g: R1 = CF3; R2 = C6H3Cl2(2,5); 3h: R1 = CF3, R2 = C6H4Me(p)] were investigated as catalysts for ethylene (co)polymerization. In the presence of modified methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst, these complexes showed activities about 50%–1000% and 10%–100% higher than their corresponding bis(β‐enaminoketonato) titanium complexes for ethylene homo‐ and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization, respectively. They produced high or moderate molecular weight copolymers with 1‐hexene incorporations about 10%–200% higher than their homoligated counterpart pentafluorinated FI‐Ti complex. Among them, complex 3b displayed the highest activity [2.06 × 106 g/molTi•h], affording copolymers with the highest 1‐hexene incorporations of 34.8 mol% under mild conditions. Moreover, catalyst 3h with electron‐donating group not only exhibited much higher 1‐hexene incorporations (9.0 mol% vs. 3.2 mol%) than pentafluorinated FI‐Ti complex but also generated copolymers with similar narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.20–1.26). When the 1‐hexene concentration in the feed was about 2.0 mol/L and the hexene incorporation of resultant polymer was about 9.0 mol%, a quasi‐living copolymerization behavior could be achieved. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of their resulting copolymers demonstrated the possible copolymerization mechanism, which was related with the chain initiation, monomer insertion style, chain transfer and termination during the polymerization process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2787–2797
Backbone rearrangement during olefin capture as the rate limiting step in molecular olefin polymerization catalysis and its effect on comonomer affinity
Authors: Zaccaria Francesco , Cipullo Roberta , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Busico Vincenzo , Ehm Christian
Published: July 2017

Available experimental data for several metallocenes indicate that the ethene/propene copolymerization ratio rc can be much more temperature dependent than would be expected if competing insertion transition states (TS) are rate limiting. Detailed exploration of the reaction paths reveals in several cases the existence of a “capture‐like” transition state before the actual insertion, with free energies close to the insertion TS. Movement around these transition states does not just involve monomer and chain, but also clear distortion of the ligand skeleton to allow entry of the monomer. Taking these additional TSs into account leads to much improved agreement with experiment for a series of metallocenes and a constrained geometry catalyst system. Depending on catalyst and temperature, selectivity is determined by competing insertion/insertion, capture/insertion or capture/capture. It seems likely that this is a common situation especially for highly efficient catalysts, complicating (but not preventing) prediction of copolymerization performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2807–2814
Synergy between Auraptene, Ionizing Radiation, and Anticancer Drugs in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Moussavi Mahdi , Haddad Farhang , Rassouli Fatemeh B. , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Soleymanifard Shokouhozaman
Published: July 2017

Colorectal cancer is a growing health concern with increasing mortality rates, and resistance to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy is a serious drawback in its treatment. Auraptene is a natural prenyloxycoumarin with valuable anticancer effects. The aim of current study was to determine the synergy between auraptene, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapeutic drugs in colon adenocarcinoma cells for the first time. To do so, HT29 cells were treated with combination of auraptene + cisplatin, + doxorubicin, or + vincristine. Furthermore, cells were pretreated with nontoxic auraptene and then exposed to various doses of X‐radiation. Assessment of cell viability not only indicated significant (p < 0.05) synergic effects of auraptene and anticancer agents, also revealed more significant (p < 0.01) increase in the toxicity of applied radiations in auraptene pretreated cells. Interesting synergy between auraptene and radiotherapy was then confirmed by morphological alterations, DAPI staining, and flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle. Moreover, real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated significant (p < 0.01) overexpression of p21, but not GATA6, in auraptene pretreated cells after radiotherapy, and also significant (p < 0.01) down regulation of CD44 and ALDH1 by auraptene. According to present results, auraptene could be considered as an effective natural coumarin to improve the outcome of current chemoradiotherapy options. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.