bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aldose Reductase Evaluation against Diabetic Complications Using ADME and Molecular Docking Studies and DFT Calculations of Spiroindoline Derivative Molecule
Authors: Gören Kenan , Yıldıko Ümit
Published: August 2024

In this study, the target molecule ethyl-2-(5-nitro-5'-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-3'H-spiro[indoline-3,2'-[1,3,4]oxadiazol]-1-yl)acetate, which is a spiroindoline derivative, were performed NBO analysis, molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS), nonlinear optics (NLO), HOMO-LUMO energy calculations, optimized molecular geometry, and mulliken atomic charges using B3LYP/B3PW91 basis set and 6-311G(d,p) approximations. Calculated results were reported. Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations were utilized to research the molecule theoretically. Moreover, molecular docking analysis of the tested compound, a spiroindoline derivative molecule targeting aldose reductase against diabetic complications, was performed using molecular docking to determine the structure-activity connection. The molecular docking study provided important information worth considering for further research. A notable outcome of bioisosteric and isosteric substitutions is the alteration in lipophilic character, an impressive characteristic in several aspects. Thus, utilizing SwissADME, lipophilic character assessments were performed for the concerned compounds.
Classification of Malignancy of Lung Cancer Using Backpropagation Algorithm on CT-Scan Images
Authors: Putri Evi Pania , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Wahyuni Dwiria , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Adriat Riza , Arsyad Ya' Muhammad
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigate the classification of lung cancer CT scan images based on malignancy level using a backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN). Lung cancer is a deadly disease characterized by the growth of abnormal lung cells. The proposed method involves preprocessing to enhance image quality, followed by feature extraction using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method with angle variations of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and d=1. The extracted features include energy, contrast, correlation, and homogeneity. The energy value range in malignant cancer is 0.27 to 0.81, while in benign cancer it is 0.26 to 0.73. The contrast in benign cancer ranges from 1.38 to 11.87, while in malignant cancer it is 1.47 to 13.67. The image correlation for malignant cancer is between 0.63 to 0.94, while for benign cancer it is 0.69 to 0.96. Homogeneity in malignant cancer has a value range between 0.67 to 0.91, while in benign cancer it ranges from 0.70 to 0.92. The classification of lung cancer malignancy is restricted to benign and malignant levels using a network architecture of [4 10 2], maximum iteration of 100000, and learning rate of 0.001. The accuracy of the testing data from the ANN is between 90% and 100%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the GLCM method and backpropagation algorithm in accurately classifying the malignancy level of lung cancer, which could aid in the early detection and treatment of the disease.
Analysis of Propeller Selection for Unmanned Aircraft
Authors: Kusumoaji Danartomo , Aziz Abdul , Rismayanti Irma , Nahak Ildefonsa A. F.
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aircraft are usually used to perform missions, for example surveillance missions. This mission is not always carried out in a suitable location. Researchers must ensure that the aircraft can take off properly. For this reason, runway distance greatly affects the performance of the aircraft. The aircraft can fail to take off due to the lack of thrust generated by the propeller. The propeller diameter size of each unmanned aircraft can differ from one another and this difference in propeller diameter causes a difference in thrust force. Therefore, it is very important to determine the right propeller diameter to be used on an unmanned aircraft that is adjusted to the runway distance. This propeller selection analysis is carried out using experimental methods, which is tool testing and simulation with Propeller Power Calculator software. The results of this study can be seen that a propeller with a larger diameter will produce a greater thrust force. The size of the diameter and pitch and the number of blades of a propeller can also affect the amount of thrust generated. This will be a consideration for choosing a propeller to be used on an unmanned aircraft. So that the selected propeller can be used optimally by reviewing the amount of thrust that is influenced by the amount of diameter.
The Genetic Diversity of Macroalgae on The Ekas Coast of East Lombok Based on Chromatogram Data from PCR Ampification
Authors: Nurul Furqan Baiq Repika , Yamin Imam Syahputra , Umami Sri Sofiati
Published: August 2024

Macroalgae are multicellular photosynthetic organisms that live in water. Some species of macroalgae are very difficult to identify based on their morphology alone because they have great similarities. Therefore, identification of macroalgae diversity based on its genotype is very important to do in order to enrich the genetic information of macroalgae found on one of the beaches on the island of Lombok. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of macroalgae from Pantai Ekas Beach, Jeowaru District, East Lombok, NTB using 18S rRNA gene markers. The research was carried out in 4 stages, namely sampling, morphological analysis of samples, isolation of total macroalgae DNA, isolation of genes by PCR amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis. Sampling was carried out at certain coordinates at east longitude and south latitude using the Ekas Beach quadratic transect method. The morphological analysis of the samples was guided by an identification key. Total DNA, macroalgae were isolated based on the spin column I DNA kit easy method. Genes were isolated by means of PCR amplification. Total DNA isolates and gene amplicons were confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results obtained were based on their morphology, all samples obtained were grouped into 9 macroalgae samples which could be divided into brown macroalgae (3 samples), green macroalgae (2 samples) and red macroalgae (4 samples). All samples have successfully isolated total DNA and its 18S rRNA gene which was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis chromatogram.
Endophytic Bacteria Bengkulu's Coffee and Their Prospects
Authors: Supardan Dadan , Yulizah Yosi , Aziz Fatkhanuddin , Fitriana Fauziah
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (A.M.R.) is one of the main threats in the health sector. Most antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antiparasitics, are derived from bioactive compounds found in bacteria, particularly the actinomycetes group. This study aimed to isolate and test endophytic bacteria on coffee plants against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria, namely penicillin-resistant S. aureus. This study used several methods: endophytic bacteria isolation, bacterial purification, gram staining, and endophytic bacteria antagonist test against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Eight endophytic coffee isolates were obtained from the roots and pods of Robusta coffee. One bacterial isolate with the code AR4 had an antagonistic effect on tetracycline-resistant S. aureus bacteria.
Assessment of the Quality and the Susceptibility Profile of fungi in Peanut Butter Hawked in Lafia Metropolis
Authors: Orole Olukayode Olugbenga
Published: August 2024

Peanuts are a high-nutritional food source containing unsaturated fats, high-quality protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. The aim of the study was to determine the mycological quality of peanut butter consumed in Lafia and determine the antifungal susceptibility profile of fungal isolates. Peanut butter samples were collected from Lafia markets from which fungi were isolated, and the In vitro antifungal susceptibility profile was determined. The highest fungal count was from Shinge market (28.0x103 cfu/g), and the lowest from the College Village market (3.0x103 cfu/g). Of the fourteen fungal species isolated, genus Aspergillus had four species followed by genera Fusarium with three species. A. flavus was obtained from all the markets while A. carbonarius, A. versicolor, A. parasiticus, Alternaria alternata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida sp. and Trichophyton verrucossum were found in one market each. Antibiotics sensitivity test showed the highest inhibitory activity against F. graminearum and A. parasiticus from the Roundabout market (100% inhibition). Nystatin was the most effective antibiotic with inhibition of 1.87±0.23 cm against Alternaria alternata, and inhibiting all the isolates, while fluconazole was the least effective antibiotic tested. The study concludes that peanut butter consumed in Lafia has high concentrations of microorganisms making it unsafe for consumption.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Young and Old Leaves of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Pratiwi Ambar - , Agustina Devanda Rahma , Febrianti Novi , Eryati Eri
Published: August 2024

Avocado plants (Persea americana Mill.) are widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Avocado leaves contain natural antioxidants for traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity values of young and old avocado leaves, and analyze the relationship between total phenol content and total flavonoids to the antioxidant activity value of avocado leaf methanol extract (Persea americana Mill.). The macerated avocado leaf extract was quantitatively tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated using the Follin-Ciocalteu and Follin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively.The results showed that the highest total phenolic content of old avocado leaves was 1.682,27mg GAE/100g dry weight. The highest total flavonoid content of avocado old leaves was 3.858,96mg QE/100g dry weight. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of young avocado leaves has a value of IC50 321.32 ± 80.43 ppm and avocado old leaves amounted to 288.54 ± 33.06 ppm. Total flavonoid content was more influential on antioxidant activity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.856
Identification of Laboratory Management Systems at Senior High Schools In Mataram City
Authors: Suyantri Eni , Handayani Baiq Sri , Lestari Tri Ayu , Setiawan Heru
Published: August 2024

The Laboratory for Biology serves an effective educational facility for learning of biology, where biology subject often requires lab activity. Proper management of the laboratory is a crucial aspect for the smooth execution of practical activites by both teachers and students. The objective of this research was to determine the biology laboratory management system at SMA Negeri 3 Mataram. This research is descriptive research using observation and interview methods. The data collected in two types, the primary data is observation questionnaire and the result of interview to the biology teachers of SMAN 3 Mataram.  The development of the observation questionnaire for the standardization of biology laboratory refers to the National Education Minister’s Regulation No. 24 of 2007, and the laboratory management standards refer to The Minister of Education and Culture’s Regulation No.8 of 2018. There are ten aspects considered in the observation of the biology laboratory, including the evaluation of the laboratory space, the completeness of laboratory equipment and materials, and the cleanliness of the laboratory. Based on the research found that eight aspects were categorized as very good, and two aspect were categorized as as good. The completeness of laboratory tools and materials, as well as laboratory safety, need to be improved.
Integration of HAS with blockchain as halal sustainability in maqashid sharia perspective
Authors: Qanita Ariza , Maghfuroh Nuril Laila , Muhammad Zaydan
Published: August 2024

Efforts to develop the halal industry, especially in the food sector, continue to be encouraged by the government. One of that is by issuing a regulation that requires all circulating products to have a halal certificate. But in fact, not a few business actors commit acts of fraud to obtain the halal certificate. Therefore, what must be considered is not just the labeling of the finished product, but the sustainability of production management and the halal supply chain which can be initiated through the implementation of a Halal Assurance System (HAS) with blockchain management. Halal sustainability has an important role based on the maqashid sharia aspect. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of library research. The data analysis technique used is PESTELE analysis. The results of the study showed that halal sustainability through the application of blockchain-based HAS fulfills the five important elements in maqashid dharuriyyah, namely hifdz al-diin, hifdz al-nafs, hifdz al-'aql, hifdz al-nasl and hifdz al-maal through aspects of embodiment of religious value and consumer protection. PESTELE analysis results showed that an important factor that needs to be considered in the development of the Halal Assurance System is the human error or social and ethical aspects of business actors or those involved in halal production management. This can be the basis for suggestion regarding the importance of increasing education and training in halal management.
Cointegrating and causality relationship between exports and economic growth: case for Botswana
Authors: Chiwira Oscar , Muchingami Lovemore , Jambani Lawrence
Published: August 2024

The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds model to test for cointegration and the Toda and Yamamoto and Dolado and Lütkepohl (TYDL) model to examine the direction of causality between exports and economic growth for Botswana covering the period 1980 to 2021. Exports statistically positively affect economic growth both in the short-run and long-run and trade openness is detrimental to economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. Economic growth promotes exports both in the short-run and long-run. Economic growth granger causes exports and indirectly influences exports through trade openness and consumer price index. Furthermore, there exists bidirectional causality between economic growth and the consumer price index. The findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy and stable macroeconomic environment in Botswana. In addition, a well-rounded approach that considers both export-oriented industrialization and import substitution strategies remains essential for a robust economic growth trajectory.
The Relevance of Curriculum for Pre-Service Teachers in Addressing Dynamic Classroom Changes in South Africa
Authors: Ajani Oluwatoyin  Ayodele , Govender Samantha
Published: August 2024

In South Africa, the educational landscape is characterised by constant evolution and dynamic classroom changes, driven by technological advancements, diverse student populations, and evolving pedagogical approaches. Pre-service teachers are crucial in navigating these changes and fostering effective learning environments. This systematic literature analysis explores the relevance of curriculum for pre-service teachers in addressing the challenges posed by dynamic classroom contexts in South Africa. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study examines the alignment between pre-service teacher education curricula and the evolving needs of classrooms in South Africa. Key themes explored include integrating technology, cultural responsiveness, inclusive education practices, and pedagogical flexibility. The analysis also considers the efficacy of current pre-service teacher training programmes in preparing teachers to meet the diverse needs of students in dynamic classroom settings. Furthermore, the study investigates the perceptions and experiences of pre-service teachers regarding the adequacy of their curriculum in equipping them for the realities of South African classrooms. By synthesising findings from various sources, this research aims to inform curriculum development efforts and enhance the preparation of pre-service teachers for the multifaceted challenges of teaching in South African schools.
Online shopping behaviour on social media platforms from the perspective of trust and flow experience: a SEM-Neural Network Modeling
Authors: Rahman Tazizur , Islam Mohammad , Khayer Abul , Islam Tania
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine online shopping behaviour on social media platforms. This study formulates a research model integrating trust with the flow theory and some basic constructs of the UTAUT. To analyze the data from an online survey involving 305 participants actively making online purchases through social media platforms. This study applied the Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Networks (SEM-ANN) technique. Incorporating statistically significant SEM findings, the ANN model was used to analyze linear and nonlinear interactions among proposed variables. The research findings demonstrate that flow emerges as the most significant determinant, succeeded by effort expectancy, social influence, and performance expectancy, in defining the concept of trust. However, the sensitivity analysis using ANN indicates that effort expectancy is the most important factor in establishing trust, followed by flow, social influence, and performance expectancy. The predictive power of intention to use is noteworthy in determining actual use behaviour, with trust and flow emerging as influential factors favourably impacting this intention.
Board nationality diversity and shareholder value creation
Authors: Zvinowanda Douglas , Mafini Chengedzai , Beneke John D.
Published: August 2024

The study examined the influence of board nationality diversity on shareholder value creation of non- financial companies listed on the JSE for a 10- year period from 2013 to 2022.The study used quantitative quasi-experimental research design. The study measured board nationality diversity using proportion of foreign directors on board, Blau index for board nationality diversity, dummy variables for one, two and three or foreign directors. The proxies of shareholder value creation included standard market value added, market- to book ratio and Tobin’s Q and fixed effects model based on linear and curvilinear models were used to test the hypotheses. Main findings of the study demonstrate that proportion of foreign directors on board has an insignificant negative impact on standardised market value added and Tobin’s Q, while significant negative impact on market to book ratio.  Blau index for board nationality diversity has insignificant negative impact on standardised market value added and market to book ratio, yet insignificant positive impact on Tobin’s Q. One foreign director on board has significant positive impact on standard market value added and market to book ratio, while insignificant positive impact on Tobin’s Q. Two and three foreign directors on board have insignificant positive impact on all shareholder value creation measures. In relation to curvilinear models, proportion of foreign directors on board and Blau in index for board nationality diversity have both positive and negative impact on all shareholder value creation measures highlighting an inverted U- shaped effects.
Migration and municipal sustainable development planning framework in the city of uMhlathuze, South Africa
Authors: Sibiya Lindokuhle Denis
Published: August 2024

Internationally, migrants encounter a multitude of obstacles in the countries they settle in, including being denied access to essential services and economic prospects due to restrictive laws that undermine their ability to contribute to the fulfilment of the 2030 global agenda. While it is crucial to incorporate migration into development goals at all levels, the integration at the local government level is still incomplete. This research utilises the notion of global governance and employs a qualitative case study approach to conduct an explorative investigation of the difficulties pertaining to the integration of migration into municipal development plans. A total of 20 individuals engaged in municipal development planning were interviewed. The data was collected by reviewing municipal strategic plans. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. The study findings indicate that the lack of current migration data, negative attitudes towards migration, and insufficient coordination among parties responsible for development planning are the primary obstacles to integrating migration into municipal development planning. The exclusion of migrants has significant ramifications for municipal planning. Not only does it contradict the 2030 global goal, which recognises migrants as catalysts for sustainable development, but it also renders municipal planning inadequate and unsustainable. The discoveries aided in the creation of the Migration and Municipal Development Planning Framework. The framework has substantial ramifications for municipal planning since it delineates the actions that local municipalities could take to seamlessly incorporate migration issues into development planning, along with the anticipated results. The framework is a unique and valuable addition to the existing knowledge since it offers a fresh viewpoint on the relationship between migration and sustainable development, specifically at the level of local government.
The influence of work-related stress on emotional and psychological well-being and performance of secondary school leadership in Vulindlela Circuit
Authors: Linda Kgomotlokoa , Dlamini Mbuyiseni , Mthiyane Nonhlahla
Published: August 2024

The problem this study investigated was high rates of school leaders’ work-related stress results with mental illness and death. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the influence of work-related stress on emotional and psychological well-being and performance of school leaders in Vulindlela Circuit.  The study was premised within interpretivism, and we used interviews qualitative technique, to elicit data from 25 secondary school leaderships about their reflections and experiences with work-related stress. The interview transcripts were analysed using NVivo version 14, a program for qualitative data analysis, analyzing the reoccurring themes and patterns of the study, supplemented with narratives. The study discovered that role conflict, role ambiguity, and overload were common workplace stressors affecting the emotional and psychological well-being of school leaderships. The findings are important because they will serve as awareness and mitigation of school leaders’ work-related stress. The study recommends the rolling out of tailormade wellness programmes that will promote mental wellness, and support well-being and stress-reduction techniques through greater task clarity. This study contributes education research on school leadership workplace stressors in Vulindlela Circuit and larger South African context, by laying the groundwork for future studies on interventions to improve school leaderships' performance and well-being.
The social and emotional effects of bullying on learners in learning institutions in South Africa
Authors: Sekgobela Tumelo , Malesa Kgashane Johannes
Published: August 2024

Bullying is a significant concern for learners in South African educational institutions, and it requires immediate attention and intervention from interested parties, such as social workers. This form of violence is prevalent during the school years and involves aggressive behaviour towards victims. The phenomenon of bullying attracts local and global interest from social scientists, who use it as a term to describe its social and emotional effects. The concept is associated with mental health problems, a decline in school performance, school dropout, contemplation of suicide, suicide, and other complex social problems. Social workers are well-versed in the concept of bullying due to their involvement with the issue. The study utilized qualitative research, employing purposive sampling, and thematic analysis to analyze data from a sample of 21 social workers linked to schools. The research design employed was exploratory in nature. The study utilized face-to-face, semi-structured interviews as a means of data collection, with an interview guide serving as the instrument. Prior to collecting data, the researcher obtained permission from participants and sought their consent for audio-recording. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent, debriefing, beneficence, confidentiality, and avoiding harm, were closely followed. The study drew on two theoretical frameworks, namely the ecological and strength-based approaches.
 
Keywork: Bullying, effects, emotional, learning, social, social workers.
Understanding congruence of values: a phenomenographic data analysis
Authors: Gelle-Jimenez Maureen , Jimenez Ferwin
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on understanding the concept of congruence of values. Congruence indicates that there is alignment between the values of an employee and those of the organization. It is a condition where an employee embraces, adheres, and develops a deep understanding of the significance of the organizational core values. The focus of this study is the core values of a tertiary higher education institution located in Manila, Philippines. Congruence is key to the success of the institution as it ensures that the behaviors exhibited by employees in the workplace are strategically aligned with the organizational vision, mission, goals, and objectives. Through phenomenographic data analysis, metaphors have been identified to create a more comprehensive view of congruence of values. As a phenomenon, other meanings may be derived in order to establish a clearer conceptualization of congruence of values. A Phenomenographic Outcome Space of Congruence of Values is presented to provide a complete picture of the phenomenon. The Phenomenographic Outcome Space ties together the metaphors associated with congruence of values, namely: timeline, imprint, compass, light, and legacy.
Leveraging on indigenous knowledge systems for leadership development in young men: Discernable lessons from Ulwaluko amongst Xhosa speakers.
Authors: Gqeba Nokuzola
Published: August 2024

Ulwaluko or Traditional Male Circumcision is an old African practice that has survived years of criticism and attenuation of Western civilization through religion and education. With the growing Western influence on the continent, there is mounting questioning of the virtues of ulwaluko in some circles even amongst Africans themselves. Proponents of ulwaluko see the ritual as a potent tool for leadership development amongst young men. By adopting a qualitative research design, the authors collected data by interviewing young men who recently performed the ritual. Adopting a phenomenological approach helped the author understand the lived experiences of the target group.  The researcher found that over time, there have been influences that sought to weaken and derail the intended objectives of ulwaluko. The researcher also found that leadership development has always been and continues to be integral to the ritual. The recommendations from the study are that the custodians of African cultural beliefs, customs, and values should reclaim their scope of influence and dominance on cultural practices. Greater awareness also needs to be created of the virtues of ulwaluko particularly amongst the younger generations. The author concludes that ulwaluko still plays a pivotal and prominent role in leadership development amongst young African males and that its benefits cannot be undermined.
The impact of gamification on loyalty mediated by consumer engagement and brand awareness
Authors: Ramdhani Nadya , Sabil Hussein Ananda , Rofiaty
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of gamification on loyalty by mediating consumer engagement and brand awareness among Shopee users in Surabaya. Consumer behavior guides this research. Shopee users serve as the research subjects in this study. This study employs a quantitative methodology. The participants in this study were Shopee users who played gamification games. Purposive sampling was used, and there were 130 respondents in total. The G-Form questionnaire collects data, and the results are analyzed using SEM-PLS. The findings of this study show that gamification has a direct effect on loyalty. Gamification also influences consumer engagement and brand awareness. Brand awareness and consumer engagement both have an impact on loyalty. Gamification's impact on loyalty can be mediated by consumer engagement and brand awareness.
Language that denigrates women in selected isiXhosa poems
Authors: Makhenyane Lukhanyo Elvis , Mdliva Mqhubi Given
Published: August 2024

Language plays a critical role in isiXhosa poetry. Through the play and interplay of morphemes, words, phrases and lines, poets carry their messages to the intended audience. In investigating five (5) isiXhosa poems, we discovered that poets do use language that denigrates women. This language manifest itself in isiXhosa poetry by words, phrases, and lines that paint women as gold diggers, robbers, lacking intellect, promiscuous, properties of men. The discovery was made through the use of qualitative research approach and critical discourse analysis design. The selected data was analysed through the lenses of African feminism, which examines the experiences of women in literature, such as oppression of women, traces of gender inequality, role of women, as well as representation of women. Main findings of the study demonstrate that language used in isiXhosa poetry upholds the ideals patriarchal ideology and logic. It uses language that is gender bias, sexist and anti-feminism. This form of language contributes to gender-based violence, as it represents women as objects of men, lacking intellect, promiscuous. In this paper, we recommend that poets find alternative language in criticising women; using language that uphold dignity of women will not compromise their message. Furthermore, poems that uses language that denigrate women must not be selected to be studied in basic education.
Gender factor and organisational citizenship behaviour among academics in South Africa
Authors: Ngo Ndjama Joelle Danielle , Van Der Westhuizen Johan
Published: August 2024

A company cannot grow unless its employees engage in meaningful behaviours. Therefore, higher learning institutions must foster organisational citizenship behaviour. An educational institution's overall operations are impacted by it, which significantly affects institutions’ operations, enhances the effectiveness of educators, and has a favourable effect on students' academic performance. However, the behaviours that men and women are expected to exhibit and how their actions are perceived are both influenced by their gender. Based on the role theory as the theoretical framework, this study explored the differences between male and female respondents' exhibition of altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue among academics. 253 academics were chosen at random from a group of 405 participants using a convenience sampling strategy. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive, factor analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The means showed that employees of this institution appeared to be good citizens displaying all five citizenship dimensions. Furthermore, factor analysis results reported the extraction of five components. Thereafter, the Mann-Whitney test revealed that there were no discernible differences between the organisational citizenship behaviour scores of male and female respondents across all dimensions. These findings create an awareness of the importance of organisational citizenship behaviour in higher learning institutions and give managers a better knowledge of these behaviours. This study advocates that leaders should foster a strong organisational culture that promotes the exhibition of these behaviours within the workplace to make it easier for them to offer assistance to students, and colleagues and advance institutions’ goals.
Balancing contracts expectations and professional identity
Authors: Yawson Monica T. A , Ngidi Lucia Zithobile , Hanu Charles , Morgan Zar Dorothy
Published: August 2024

This study integrates the psychological contract theory with the self-determination theory to examine the impact of relational and transactional psychological contracts on the professional identity of young professionals in Ghana’s professional services sector. It further explores how these identities influence their career resilience, considering the moderating effects of conscientiousness and organisational support. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research utilised a structured questionnaire to collect data from 421 professionals across various sectors within Ghana’s professional services firms. The data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings confirm that relational and transactional psychological contracts positively influence Professional Identity Strength (PIS), with relational contracts showing a stronger effect. PIS significantly predicts career resilience. Additionally, the moderating effects of conscientiousness and a supportive organisational climate are significant, enhancing the positive impact of PIS on career resilience. This study contributes to the literature by combining psychological contract and self-determination theories to provide new insights into the dynamics of professional identity and resilience in the workplace, particularly within the context of Ghana’s professional services sector.
Midwives’ descriptions of policies on access to maternity health services in North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Tukisi Kagiso Prince
Published: August 2024

The study sought to explore and describe the various policies regarding access to Maternity health care services in the North West Province, South Africa, through the lens of midwives.  Legal and ethical frameworks guide maternity healthcare services to ensure such a service's quality, safety, and standardization. A qualitative, descriptive, explorative research design was followed. Nine purposefully sampled midwives participated in a one-on-one in-depth interview. Data were analyzed using Collaizi's descriptive method based on the emerging themes and categories. One overarching theme with six categories emerged from the data. From the overarching perspective, it was evident that midwives were dissatisfied with the ambiguity of various policies guiding patients' access to Maternity healthcare services. To a certain extent, the admission policy was inconsistent with the patient's rights and constitution of the land on access to health. The ambiguity of admission position led to uncontrolled movements of self-referred patients to clinical facilities. The ambiguity of the transfer policy contributed to challenges during interfacility transfers of referred patients from lower levels of care facilities and vice versa. In addition, the policy on escorts of patients was unspecific about the healthcare personnel required to escort complicated patients in transit, which caused care interruptions. The study findings highlight the Midwives' concerns regarding various policies of access to maternity health services, and the marked ineffectiveness of controlling patients' movement into facilities could be the reason for overcrowding, inadvertently causing a decline in the quality of maternity healthcare services. The study findings may alert policymakers to be cautious and ensure that policies are succinct and consistent with other related laws.
Performance-based budgeting or budgeting-based performance?
Authors: Handayani Erna , Hapsari Ira , Pandansari Tiara
Published: August 2024

Performance Based Budgeting carried out in Indonesian private higher education found lots of constraints. Apart from factors of cultural work, leadership, and negative perceptions of the community academics, obstacles, and budget limitations are big challenges. This study examines field data related challenge of performance-based budgeting in Indonesian private higher education in particular linked with budget limitations. This study uses a quantitative method with an equipped open questionnaire for getting input about the implementation of performance-based budgeting that is recommended in finance management finance in Indonesian private higher education. Respondents were heads of financial management at 213 private universities in Indonesia. Statistical results show that budget limitations have a significant negative effect on performance-based budgeting in terms of performance orientation of -0.824, implementation flexibility of -0.634, and functional approach of -0.654. Furthermore, proposal optimization of performance-based budgeting with challenging Budget limitations is discussed.
The influence of transformational leadership and career development on employee performance mediated by work motivation
Authors: Excelsa Melia , Margono  , Kurniawati Desi Tri
Published: August 2024

Many factors can? influence employees when no one can perform well; that is internal or external factors. Where do internal factors come from? From the nature of oneself?, employees like motivation, ability, and effort, whereas factor external employees originate from environment-like behaviour. Study This type of explanatory research proves a connection between leadership transformation, developmental career, and the performance of employees mediated by variables of motivational work , using a method approach. Study This was carried out in sectors of company energy state property involving 535 as population research. This uses a proportionate stratified random sampling technique with 200 successful respondents returning the questionnaires as a data collection method and data analysis using PLS-SEM.
Assessing the impact of corporate governance principles on the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)’ financial success in Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN): Application of Stewardship theory
Authors: Mahohoma Tinaye
Published: August 2024

This study investigates how corporate governance (CG) principles affect the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa, using stewardship theory. Corporate governance (CG) encompasses the regulations, procedures, and mechanisms Overseeing the administration and implementation of a business. Efficient corporate governance (CG) is crucial for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to function with maximum effectiveness and optimise entrepreneurial value. The study seeks to fill this vacuum in information by investigating the impact of using stewardship theory, which prioritises the long-term interests of stakeholders, on the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in KZN.A quantitative approach was employed and a cross-sectional design was employed to survey 217 SMEs in the Durban South area. Descriptive statistics reveal a diversified KZN SME environment, with a predominance of medium-sized businesses, balanced gender representation, and a variety of business ages and educational backgrounds among owners and managers. Inferential statistics show significant correlations between CG principles and financial success metrics of SMEs, particularly affecting returns on invested capital and assets, net profit, asset value, and sales turnover. The results are consistent with earlier studies on the beneficial effects of CG on SME performance. The study is limited to SMEs in the Durban South area and may not be generalizable to other regions. Future research might compare studies across different areas and examine the long-term effects of CG on SMEs to identify optimum practices. The study recommends prioritizing efficient CG procedures tailored to SME needs. It suggests developing business management competencies and advocating for supporting legislation to enhance SME performance.
A comparison of the usage between financial and non-financial performance metrics in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa
Authors: Mahohoma Tinaye
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the performance measurement approach of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the South Durban region of South Africa. It has long been known that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in economic growth and income distribution in the world's major economies. However, due to globalisation, the fourth industrial revolution and increased competition from multinationals, South African SMEs face new challenges in measuring their performance. To respond to these challenges, SMEs must adopt efficient and effective performance measurement models. However, currently, according to the researchers, there is no such performance measurement framework. This study aims, among others, to close this gap in the literature. This study uses a deductive, positivist research design to comprehensively explore performance measurement practices in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a given region. Based on Morgan's sample size table, size 217 was chosen. The use of financial and non-financial performance measures is preferred by SMEs as it shows better performance compared to only one measure. In addition, the study found a positive correlation between business size and age, indicating that larger businesses tend to be older.The results of this study help to understand the complex relationship between job dimensions, age, and performance, highlighting the importance of choosing appropriate performance measures. Future research is recommended to gain a deeper understanding of these relationships and how they vary across contexts and sectors.
Exploring the burden of care: challenges faced by caregivers of HIV-infected children in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Moloko Sophy , Segoale Nare
Published: August 2024

The number of new HIV cases worldwide has gradually declined; however, South African adolescent females and young women continue to account for the most infections. Although the availability and accessibility of antiretroviral drugs have improved the survival rates of women, some still transmit HIV to their children despite the availability of HIV prevention interventions, resulting in a dual responsibility for the care of themselves and their infected children. This study aims to explore the challenges experienced by caregivers of HIV-infected children in Limpopo Province. The study employed qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive designs, and data was collected from 12 caregivers through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using Tesch’s eight steps of analysis. The study identified three challenges facing caregivers of HIV-positive children. Caregivers struggled with disclosure and stigma, finding it difficult to reveal the child's HIV status. The burden of care was significant, including the management of the child's unstable health, ensuring compliance with treatment, and attending frequent hospital visits. The unemployment rate posed a financial burden, particularly in arranging hospital travel costs and providing adequate nutrition to HIV-infected children. These challenges highlight the need for increased support for caregivers of HIV-infected children, including education and awareness campaigns to reduce stigma. Policymakers should consider providing financial support to caregivers. A holistic, multisectoral approach involving healthcare, education, social services, and policymakers is essential.
Examining the level of Entrepreneurship education and development within the South African higher education: Towards entrepreneurial university
Authors: Linda Kgomotlokoa
Published: August 2024

In response to unemployment and socio-economic challenges in the South Africa's higher education institutions introduces entrepreneurship education (EE) with the aim to create sustainable job opportunities. However, higher education (HE) struggles to integrate EE within the university programmes and make it as practical as possible. Furthermore, fostering entrepreneurial mindset and intentions among students is not an easy task. The primary objective of this conceptual paper is to examine the level of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions among the students within the South African higher education. We used qualitative case study methodology, to purposive select 30 articles using a google scholar search engine. The paper was driven by three research questions, namely, what is the level of entrepreneurship education among students in South African higher education? What are the entrepreneurial intentions of these students? Does the design of the EE curriculum foster students' entrepreneurial mindset and intentions? The findings identified a need to curriculum transformation that integrate EE across various disciples; not just a stand-alone module that fails to foster a broad-based entrepreneurial mindset. Furthermore, the findings shows that policy support and infrastructural development should be geared towards the growth and sustainability of EE programs and launching of innovation hubs and other support structures within universities to provide practical EE experiences.
Building financial well-being through financial socialization and literacy
Authors: Rahmawati Zahrotul Auliya , Indrawati Nur Khusniyah , Aisjah Siti
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the impact of financial socialization on financial well-being through financial literacy as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach, the study involved employees of PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk and collected data through questionnaires. The results indicate that financial socialization has a significant effect on financial literacy but does not have a direct impact on financial well-being. Financial literacy was found to have a positive and significant effect on financial well-being and plays a mediating role between financial socialization and financial well-being. These findings emphasize the importance of improving financial literacy to support better financial management and enhance individual well-being. This research provides insights for the development of more effective financial education programs to improve financial literacy and well-being among employees.
Strategic alliances and competitive advantage of commercial banks in Kenya
Authors: King’oku Augustine Ndemange , Muathe Stephen Makau A.
Published: August 2024

Commercial banks in Kenya operate in quite dynamic financial market environment and continue to experience stiff competition in the provision of financial services. The liberation of the financial markets has resulted into an upsurge in the number of institutions providing financial products and services, threatening the future of Kenyan commercial banks. This study aimed at determining the effect of strategic alliances on competitive advantage of commercial banks in Kenya. The objectives were to determine effect of joint ventures, equity alliances, and joint research and development on the competitiveness of Kenyan banks. The following theories informed this research; Resource Based View theory, competitive theory, and resource dependence theory. Causal research design was adopted where all the 42 Kenyan commercial banks formed the target population. Census survey sampling design was applied and semi-structured questionnaire used. Reliability and validity results were used to improve the research instrument prior to the actual data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Study found that joint venture (?=0.435, p=0.000) equity alliances (?=0.227, p=0.018), and joint research and development (?=0.0.612, p=0.000) had positive significant effects on competitive advantage. With a coefficient of determination (R-square) of 68.9% and overall p-value of 0.000, the study concluded strategic alliances have a statistical significant effect on competitive advantage. The study recommends that managements of commercial banks should fast-truck implementation of such alliances to for improved competitiveness.