bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-varying structural parameter identification for the offshore gangway
Authors: Xu Yue , Yang Gang , Li Baoren , Liu Song
Published: August 2023

The offshore gangway is a new type of offshore transfer equipment, equivalent to an offshore passage. This device makes it convenient for people to transfer between a vessel and an offshore structure. The control algorithm of the gangway system demands adjusting its control parameters to deal with harsh sea conditions and ensure personnel safety. Thence, it is essential to foreknow its time-varying structural parameters, such as the moment of inertia, the mass, the location of the mass center, and so on. However, due to the highly complex structure, these parameters are difficult to obtain through measurement directly. To adaptively identify these time-varying parameters for better controller design, this paper proposes a novel structural parameter identification approach based on the idea of interval division. During the identification process, the entire period is uniformly divided into several intervals. The time-varying model of the offshore gangway system can be represented in each interval by a quadratic regression equation, the coefficients of which can be derived by the least-squares algorithm. Furthermore, to adapt to the different variation frequencies and amplitudes of the parameters, the divided intervals are of distinct sizes according to the characteristics of each identification parameter. In addition, the particle swarm algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal interval sizes, the cost function of which consists of a series of output error terms. Verified by simulation, the method presented in this paper can effectively estimate the structural parameters of the offshore gangway with high accuracy, with mean square errors reduced by at least 2/3 compared to other methods proposed in previous research.
Effect of recycled asphalt waste on mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortars
Authors: Dokuzlar Gizem , Dündar Behçet , Yurt Ümit
Published: August 2023

In the next century, negative effects, such as an increase in temperature level, rise in sea level and decrease in forests and agricultural areas, are expected as a result of the harmful effects of global warming. The construction industry is among the main actors of global warming. Cement, the most used building material of the construction industry, is responsible for approximately 8% of CO2 emissions worldwide. Reducing the amount of cement production and using alternative materials and wastes can contribute to reducing CO2 emissions in the production of building materials. In this study, Alkali-Activated Mortar (AAM) mixtures which contain Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash (FA) were prepared. Recycled Asphalt Waste (RAW) is reduced to 0–4 mm size in order to use as fine aggregate in AAM mixes. Three different activation temperatures (40 °C, 80 °C and 120 °C) were applied for 18 h in order to examine the effect of activation temperature on the prepared AAM samples. After the application of activation temperature, the samples were kept in the standard curing pool for 7 and 28 days. After curing, physical and mechanical experiments were carried out on AAM samples. Water absorption and porosity, compressive strength and electrical resistivity tests were performed on the hardened samples. In addition, the acid effect on the samples was investigated comparatively with the changes in mechanical and physical properties. As a result, the study, in which high-strength mortar mixtures were obtained, shows promising results in terms of sustainable environmentalism. The compressive strength value of 45.74 MPa was found in the mortar mixtures produced using RAW. In addition, it was concluded that the optimum activation temperature is an important parameter of compressive strength and acid resistance.
Gender/sex markers, bio/logics, and U.S. identity documents
Authors: Ibrahim Arlette , Clarke Julianna , Beischel Will J , van Anders Sari M
Published: August 2023

Policies about changing gender/sex on identity documents provide insights into definitions of gender/sex, and impact especially transgender and/or nonbinary lives. We investigated these on U.S. driver's licenses and birth certificates to understand variability in these policies, including in comparison to an earlier report in 2014, and to explore what kinds of “bio/logics” (decision rules rooted in biological or biologistic thinking) might be at play. Results show that the most common requirements in 2020 included proof of gender affirming surgery, a letter from a medical doctor, and hormone therapy. Compared to 2014, results showed an increase in requirements for hormone therapy and letters from therapists or medical doctors, and a decrease in requirements for gender affirming surgery. We highlight how this suggests a shift to “pubertal bio/logics”: rooting gender/sex definitions in secondary sex characteristics. This contrasts with previous requirements that pointed to “newborn bio/logics”: rooted in genital definitions of gender/sex affirmed by a surgico-medical authority. Both support policy framings of gender/sex as a biophenomenon, though with different impacts for trans and/or nonbinary livability. Our study provides insights into U.S. state definitions of gender/sex, and their multiple and contradictory biological views on gender/sex, with implications especially for transgender and/or nonbinary individuals’ lives.
A Technological and Regulatory Review on Human–Animal Chimera Research: The Current Landscape of Biology, Law, and Public Opinion
Authors: Brown Jennifer L. , Voth Joseph P. , Person Kennedy , Low Walter C.
Published: August 2023

Organ transplantation is a highly utilized treatment for many medical conditions, yet the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number available. The challenges and limitations currently associated with organ transplantation and technological advances in gene editing techniques have led scientists to pursue alternate solutions to the donor organ shortage. Growing human organs in animals and harvesting those organs for transplantation into humans is one such solution. These chimeric animals usually have certain genes necessary for a specific organ’s development inhibited at an early developmental stage, followed by the addition of cultured pluripotent human cells to fill that developmental niche. The result is a chimeric animal that contains human organs which are available for transplant into a patient, circumventing some of the limitations currently involved in donor organ transplantation. In this review, we will discuss both the current scientific and legal landscape of human–animal chimera (HAC) research. We present an overview of the technological advances that allow for the creation of HACs, the patents that currently exist on these methods, as well as current public attitude and understanding that can influence HAC research policy. We complement our scientific and public attitude discussion with a regulatory overview of chimera research at both the national and state level, while also contrasting current U.S. legislation with regulations in other countries. Overall, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal and scientific barriers to conducting research on HACs for the generation of transplantable human organs, as well as provide recommendations for the future.
The effect of cognitive flexibility in nurses on attitudes to professional autonomy
Authors: Kılıç Züleyha , Uzdil Nurcan , Günaydın Yurdagül
Published: August 2023

Background

Professional autonomy, which directly affects the quality of professional nursing in patient care, and cognitive flexibility, which is an important factor for adaptation to change and developing nursing roles, are important concepts for nursing.

Research objectives

This research was carried out to determine the effect of cognitive flexibility on attitudes towards professional autonomy in nurses.

Research design

This was a descriptive study.

Participants and research context

The research was conducted with 415 nurses working in a city hospital of a province, meeting the inclusion criteria and agreeing to participate in the study. A questionnaire form, The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and the Attitude Toward Professional Autonomy Scale for Nurses (APASN) were used to collect data.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval was obtained from the university ethics committee before starting the study. Institutional permission was obtained from the city hospital where the study was conducted. Electronic informed consent was obtained from the nurses included in the study.

Findings

In the study, the mean CFI score was 80.62 ± 11.55 and the mean APASN score was 70.42 ± 18.79. There was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.270; p < 0.05) between CFI and APASN scores. Moreover, the effect of the CFI mean score on the APASN mean score was found to be statistically significant (β = 0.278; p < 0.001). Furthermore, CFI explains 7.7% of APASN.

Conclusion

In the study, nurses’ attitudes towards professional autonomy and cognitive flexibility scores were found to be at a good level. Cognitive flexibility has a positive effect on attitudes towards professional autonomy. Interventional studies that will increase the level of cognitive flexibility are recommended in the development of nurses' attitudes towards professional autonomy.
Locating the Supporter Liaison Officer in the football field: Bridges, brokers and the ‘supporter gaze’
Authors: Lee Ludvigsen Jan Andre
Published: August 2023

This article examines a relatively recent yet under-researched role in the governance of elite European football – namely, the Supporter Liaison Officer. The Supporter Liaison Officer, as appointed by football clubs, is commonly envisioned as a mediator between fans and the clubs, authorities and security actors situated in the European football field. However, following its formal inception in the 2012/2013, little is known about how stakeholders understand the evolving and heterogeneously implemented Supporter Liaison Officer role. Drawing upon documentary and interview data, this article unpacks two key themes to develop two primary arguments. First, it argues that Supporter Liaison Officers may be understood as ‘social brokers’ that bridge together stakeholders who often possess diverging viewpoints and whose relationships are impacted by social barriers. Second, Supporter Liaison Officers are perceived as possessors of what is conceptualised here as a ‘supporter gaze’. Whilst contributing to the literature on supporter engagement and dialogue, these arguments also matter because if we understand the Supporter Liaison Officer implementation as influenced by supporter activism in Europe, then this article speaks to how outcomes of supporter pressure mature over time and their implications on football's supporter and security cultures.
Comparing the Determinants of Worldwide Homicide and Terrorism
Authors: LaFree Gary , Jiang Bo , Yanez Yesenia
Published: August 2023

Over the past two decades, the study of terrorism has been increasingly integrated into mainstream criminology. Like other types of criminal behavior, terrorism can be divided into etiology (an emphasis on “breaking laws”) and criminal justice (an emphasis on “making laws” and “reacting toward the breaking of laws”). Moreover, like the study of crime, the study of terrorism is inherently multidisciplinary. Nevertheless, terrorism differs from more common forms of crime in fundamental ways: Terrorist perpetrators, unlike common criminals, rarely see themselves as criminal, often seek rather than eschew publicity, and often have broader political goals. Despite similarities and differences, we could identify little prior research that has directly compared the determinants of terrorism and more ordinary types of crime. In this article, we create large cross-national datasets on homicides and terrorist attacks and then compare the effects of a set of common economic, political, and social variables on each. We find a good deal of similarity in the determinants of the two types of violence. Both homicide and terrorism are more common in countries with high GDP, high percent urban, high ethnic fractionalization, and in countries moving toward democratization. Both homicide and terrorism are low in countries experiencing high globalization. Although homicides are more common in countries experiencing high levels of inequality and poverty, neither of these two variables is significantly associated with terrorist attacks. We discuss the implications of the findings for theory, policy, and future research.
Changing Patterns of Domestic Homicide During Lockdown: Interrupted Time-Series Analysis in England and Wales
Authors: Abreu Minero Valeria , Nivette Amy
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of lockdown restrictions on domestic homicide incidents in England and Wales. We analyzed data on 1,104 domestic homicides recorded by the Home Office Homicide Index between January 2014 and March 2021 using interrupted time-series analysis. Findings showed an immediate drop in ex-partner homicides following the first lockdown and higher than expected levels of parent and child homicides at different points during the first, second and third lockdowns. Our results suggest a change in the composition of domestic homicide during lockdown and contribute to a more detailed understanding of the short-, mid- and long-term effects of lockdown measures on domestic homicide.
A component sizing prediction study for a series hybrid electric vehicle based on artificial neural network
Authors: Faghih Seyyed Erfan , Chitsaz Iman , Ghasemi Amir
Published: August 2023

In the present study, the predictive tool based on an artificial neural network is developed by means of the experimental data of two series hybrid electric vehicles. The experiments have been conducted on different driving conditions, including highways, traffic, and combined driving conditions. Then, the artificial neural network is developed to predict an arbitrary series hybrid electric vehicle’s required power. The instantaneous required power is divided into dynamic and steady power to size the combustion engine, electric motor, and high voltage battery of the series hybrid electric vehicle. The effects of different ambient conditions (including ambient temperature and altitude), the inverter and high voltage battery efficiencies, and the coast-down coefficients on the components sizing of the series hybrid electric vehicle are then investigated in different driving conditions. The results revealed that the maximum instantaneous power of the electric motor is associated with rapid acceleration in low-speed conditions, and the suburban driving route determines the combustion engine’s maximum power. Notably, the Worldwide Harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle is the most comprehensive among the available driving cycles, and most of the components’ sizes are determined by this cycle except the combustion engine’s maximum power. It is also realized that the cycle-wise investigation can be summarized into the Isfahan-Tehran route and Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycle calculations.
Estimating the Size of the Target Population in Data Limited Settings
Authors: Harris Jamelia
Published: August 2023

Not knowing the population size is a common problem in data-limited contexts. Drawing on work in Sierra Leone, this short take outlines a four-step solution to this problem: (1) estimate the population size using expert interviews; (2) verify estimates using interviews with participants sampled; (3) triangulate using secondary data; and (4) reconfirm using focus group discussions.
Off-Label Use of COR-KNOT Automated Fastener for Manual Bronchial Closure Through a Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Approach
Authors: Durieux Rodolphe , Stiennon Laurie , Radermecker Marc A. , Lavigne Jean-Paul , Duquenne Jean-Baptiste , Defraigne Jean-Olivier
Published: August 2023

Manual closure of the bronchial stump can be challenging during minimally invasive thoracic surgery. An automated fastener has been used for more than a decade in minimally invasive heart valve surgery to eliminate the need for manual knot tying during the suturing of prosthetic valves. Herein, we describe the use of the COR-KNOT automated fastener (LSI SOLUTIONS®, Victor, NY, USA) in a case of video-assisted left upper lobectomy with open section of the bronchus and manual closure with interrupted resorbable sutures for a malignant bronchial tumor located on the proximal part of the left upper lobe bronchus. This case represents, to our knowledge, the first case using the COR-KNOT device for minimally invasive pulmonary surgery.
A method to remanufacture large-size spiral bevel gear with ease-off topology modification by face-milled generator
Authors: Geng Longlong , Nie Shaowu , Zhao Bo , Jiang Chuang
Published: August 2023

Spiral bevel gears are manufactured and used in pairs. When one part usually pinion fatigued, the pair will be replaced. It inevitably leads to a waste of resources and time. To solve this phenomenon, a method to remanufacture pinion with ease-off topology modification is proposed. First, the wheel and pinion were measured to fitting tooth surface, and then a conjugate surface of wheel fitting tooth surface was derived. Secondly, an ease-off topology surface was superimposed to the conjugate surface to improve mesh performance, and then a design tooth surface was obtained. Thirdly, a mathematical model to process pinion was established and original machine-tool settings parameters of pinion were calculated. The deviations between design and original tooth surface of pinion were count, and an error correction model of tooth surface was established to adjust machine-tool settings parameters. Finally, an experimental verification was conducted. The pinion was remanufactured by a face-milled generator and the mesh performance was consistent with design. The result demonstrates the method proposed is effectiveness and feasible. It provides reference for the remanufacture of large-size spiral bevel gears and has good value for engineering application.
The management of spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Feng , Zhang Liqiang , Shang Dan
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD) without associated aortic dissection is a rare disease. Complications are ischemia, aneurysm formation, and rupture. Different treatment options have been reported for managing SICAD, including conservative management, endovascular intervention, and open surgery. Despite the increased recognition of this disease, there are no consensus guidelines on management of this condition. To improve the knowledge and treatment of this disease, a case of SICAD was reported.

Methods and results

We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman with SICAD whose symptoms improved after endovascular treatment when conservative treatment failed and systematically analyze the management strategy for patients with SICAD.

Conclusions

SICAD is a rare disease and has no universally agreed upon guidelines for treatment. Most patients can be first treated conservatively for dissection with strict blood pressure control, antithrombotic therapy, and intensive surveillance. For SICAD patients with aneurysms located in the celiac trunk, stent grafts can be used in such patients without affecting the branch blood supply.
Talking About the Absent and the Abstract: Referential Communication in Language and Gesture
Authors: Luchkina Elena , Waxman Sandra
Published: August 2023

Human language permits us to call to mind objects, events, and ideas that we cannot witness directly, either because they are absent or because they have no physical form (e.g., people we have not met, concepts like justice). What enables language to transmit such knowledge? We propose that a referential link between words, referents, and mental representations of those referents is key. This link enables us to form, access, and modify mental representations even when the referents themselves are absent (“absent reference”). In this review we consider the developmental and evolutionary origins of absent reference, integrating previously disparate literatures on absent reference in language and gesture in very young humans and gesture in nonhuman primates. We first evaluate when and how infants acquire absent reference during the process of language acquisition. With this as a foundation, we consider the evidence for absent reference in gesture in infants and in nonhuman primates. Finally, having woven these literatures together, we highlight new lines of research that promise to sharpen our understanding of the development of reference and its role in learning about the absent and the abstract.
Conceptualizing political information literacy among young people: A systematized review of the literature
Authors: Koren Nitzan
Published: August 2023

Political Information Literacy (PIL) is a vital and essential set of skills pre-dominantly discussed in Library and Information Studies disciplines. PIL is necessary to navigate the convoluted political information landscape, including the threats to democracy and the spreading of misinformation, disinformation, and fake news. Having PIL is especially crucial in adolescence and young adulthood as these are prime phases where young people shape their beliefs and attitudes and learn about their political and civic lives. Understanding what it means to have PIL is essential so that educators and practitioners can teach and assess PIL, resulting in young people being able to understand, analyze, critique, and make informed decisions on political information. This systematized review sampled 99 journal articles and conference papers from seven databases in the disciplines affiliated with the social sciences published between 2006 and 2022. The paper discusses how different factors shape and contribute to or hinder young people’s political knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy as they navigate political information. This work sheds light on findings from various countries and a diverse age range of young people in various life stages (13–35). It highlights populations that may have been excluded and provides potential questions that can be further investigated.
Bilateral renal histiocytic sarcoma with disseminated lung involvement in a Siberian Forest Cat
Authors: Salord Torres Xavier , Dobromylskyj Melanie , Sánchez Jiménez César , Plested Mark , Purzycka Katarzyna , Phillips Matthew , Mullowney Deirdre
Published: August 2023

Case summary

A 5-year-old female neutered Siberian Forest Cat presented with a 7-day history of lethargy, hyporexia and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed bilateral renal changes suggestive of neoplasia. Thoracic radiography documented diffuse pulmonary nodules. The cat was euthanased during diagnostic investigations. Histopathological assessment and immunohistochemical staining of post-mortem renal biopsies were consistent with a histiocytic lesion, most likely histiocytic sarcoma (HS). The lung lesions were suspected of representing disseminated disease.

Relevance and novel information

HS is considered a rare neoplastic process in cats. This report describes a case of feline bilateral renal HS with suspected concomitant pulmonary involvement. A primary renal origin was suspected, with the lung lesions being a result of disseminated disease. Renal HS should be included as a differential diagnosis when renal ultrasonography reveals changes suggestive of neoplasia.
The Role of Racial Microaggressions and Ethnic Racial Identity Affirmation on Sense of Belonging Among Black and Latinx College Students
Authors: Sarsar Evelyn D. , Zeiders Katharine H. , Landor Antoinette M. , Brown Alaysia M.
Published: August 2023

Growing evidence suggests that racial microaggressions negatively impact psychological and physical well-being. However, despite this work, few studies have explored the role of racial microaggressions in college students’ sense of belonging and the protective role of emerging adults’ ethnic racial identity (ERI) affirmation. Utilizing a weekly diary design, the current study examined Black and Latinx emerging adults ( N = 139, Mage = 20 years, SD = 1.16) experiences of racial microaggressions and their relation to belonging with peers, faculty, and administrators, and how ERI affirmation may mitigate the negative effects of these encounters. Results indicated that week-to-week fluctuations in racial microaggressions were negatively associated with belonging with peers, but not with faculty or administrators. ERI affirmation did not moderate weekly associations between racial microaggressions and sense of belonging. Findings highlight the salience of racial microaggressions on college campuses and the role they play in emerging adults’ sense of belonging.
Women Entrepreneur’s Emotional Intelligence and Firm Performance: Mediating Role of Networking Competencies
Authors: Singh Neetika , Kovid Raj K.
Published: August 2023

Research on women entrepreneurship is increasingly gaining momentum across the globe, particularly emerging markets that are characterized by institutional voids. This study develops and tests a conceptual framework investigating the role of women entrepreneurs’ Emotional Intelligence (EI) in predicting the perceived performance of their ventures. EI influences the networking competencies, which is among the defining competencies of an entrepreneur. Thus, the study also examines whether network competences of women entrepreneurs mediate the impact of EI on firm performance. The data has been collected from 151 women entrepreneurs through a survey in Indian context using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis is done using the partial least square-structural equation modelling, the results of the study reveal that EI and networking competence have a positive significant impact on firm’s financial and non-financial performance. EI also has a positive significant impact on networking competence of women entrepreneurs. Moreover, networking competence partially mediates the relationship between EI and financial and non-financial firm performance showing both direct and indirect relationship of EI with firm performance. The study’s findings add to the body of knowledge on gender and entrepreneurship and have significant implications for women entrepreneurs who want to succeed in business by employing their networking and EI skills.
Impact of Sports Participation on Achievement of Clinically Relevant Outcomes 2 Years After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Kuhns Benjamin D. , Sholtis Connor D. , Reuter John M. , Goldblatt John , Bronstein Robert , Baumhauer Judith F. , Maloney Michael D. , Mannava Sandeep
Published: August 2023

Background:

Clinically relevant threshold values associated with patient-reported outcome measures after orthopaedic procedures such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are important for relating these scores to meaningful postoperative improvement.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS-CAT) after ACLR. It was hypothesized that preoperative sport participation would have an impact on PASS achievement.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Included were consecutive patients who underwent primary assisted ACLR between January 4 and August 1, 2016. Patients were administered the PROMIS-CAT Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference domains preoperatively and at a minimum 2 years postoperatively, with external anchor questions used to determine the PASS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for the entire study population as well as separately for athletes and nonathletes to determine PROMIS PASS thresholds for each population. A previously published PROMIS-PF minimal clinically important difference was used to evaluate postoperative improvement. A post hoc multivariate nominal logistic multivariate analysis was constructed to assess the effects of preoperative patient characteristics on the likelihood of attaining both the minimal clinically important difference and PASS.

Results:

In total, 112 patients were included in the study, with 79 (71%) having recreational or higher levels of athletic participation. The PASS for the study population was 56.0 (area under the ROC curve, 0.86) and was unaffected by baseline PROMIS-PF scores but was affected by preoperative athletic participation (56.0 for athletes, 49.0 for nonathletes). A post hoc analysis found 57 patients (51%) achieved the PASS for the PROMIS-PF (cutoff, 56.0), but when the athlete and nonathlete thresholds were applied to their respective patient groups, 66% of athletes and 64% of nonathletes achieved the PASS postoperatively. The multivariate analysis found that sport participation (odds ratio, 6.2; P = .001) but not age, sex, body mass index, or preoperative PROMIS affected the likelihood of achieving the PASS on the PROMIS-PF.

Conclusion:

Preoperative athletic participation significantly affected the ability to achieve PASS.
Statistical Fragility of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating Platelet-Rich Plasma Use for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chan Justin P , Vrla Michael , Thompson Claire , Trofa David P , Li Xinning , Wang Dean , Parisien Robert L
Published: August 2023

Background:

Numerous studies have been published on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for knee osteoarthritis (OA), with conflicting results.

Purpose:

To determine the fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the use of PRP to treat knee OA.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

RCTs evaluating the efficacy of PRP injections for knee OA from 2000 to 2020 were included for analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. The FI was determined by calculating the number of outcome event reversals required to change the statistical significance. The associated FQ was determined by dividing the FI by the sample size.

Results:

Our initial search resulted in 41,149 studies, of which 8 RCTs (678 patients, 72 outcome events) were included in the analysis. One study failed to report PRP formulation details, whereas 87.5% of studies reported using either leukocyte-rich or leukocyte-poor PRP. The platelet concentration was reported in 25% of the included trials. The overall FI of the 72 outcome events was 8.5. Accounting for sample size, the associated FQ was determined to be 0.14, suggesting that the reversal of 14% of outcome events was required to change outcome significance. There were 51 statistically significant outcomes, of which the FI and FQ were 12 and 0.164, respectively.

Conclusion:

Comprehensive fragility analysis suggested that the published literature evaluating the efficacy of PRP use for knee OA may lack statistical stability. We recommend the reporting of both an FI and FQ in addition to P value analysis to provide a clear and thorough understanding of the statistical integrity of studies reporting on PRP use for knee OA.
Assessment of Nurses’ Caring Behaviors from the Perspective of Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Zahaki Arasteh Saeed , Rezapour-Nasrabad Rafat , Mousavizadeh Seyedeh Narjes , Nasiri Malihe
Published: August 2023

Caring behaviors are an important focus of nurses’ physical and technical aspects of caring. By identifying and comprehending the nurses’ caring behaviors from the perspective of the patients, as well as taking into account the elements influencing caring behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic, we may plan to offer nursing care and caring behaviors based on the needs of the patients. In this cross-sectional study, purposive sampling was used to collect data from both the Demographic Questionnaire and the Nurses’ Caring Behavior Questionnaire. The results showed that the respectful relationship field had an average score of 33.57, the professional knowledge and skill field at 15.35, and the overall mean score for the questionnaire was 43.92, with the mean score from the questionnaire being higher than the real mean score. It may be concluded that this component of nurses’ behavior is seen favorably by patients in the Covid-19 ward. Additionally, the patients in the Covid-19 ward thought the mean score from the questionnaire on professional knowledge and skills was good because it was higher than the real mean score. The questionnaire's overall score was likewise greater than its mean overall score. Overall, it can be concluded that patients in the Covid-19 ward have a positive opinion of the nurses’ level of caring behaviors. These results indicate that it is possible to achieve ideal caring and full patient satisfaction by planning and considering future outlook in order to educate and empower nurses in terms of correct caring behaviors, and to provide quality caretaking.
Dr. Ambedkar’s Concept of Dhamma: Transforming Global Human
Authors: Singh Ripu Sudan
Published: August 2023

Dr. Ambedkar’s concept of Dhamma aims to address the chief source of conflict in human life and helps provide long-lasting solutions. It also aims to remove multiple obstructions created by human being against another human being. Thus, Dhamma proposes to ensure conflict resolution, ecological balance, social inclusion, material–spiritual gains, universal brotherhood and unity among global human. Emancipation is sought and assured in this life only. It does not talk of issues pertaining to life after death. The article tries to explain how Dr. Ambedkar makes an entirely novel interpretation of Religion whom he calls Dhamma. He exercises to discover and invent a Dhamma easily understood and acceptable to everyone globally. His biggest contribution was to liberate Dhamma from Religion— Mazhab narratives. He wanted to set Dhamma free from ignorance and blind faith. In the process, he aimed to unshackle Dhamma from the concepts of God, soul and absolute idea. His Dhamma is a means to realize the fullness of human life. It is ever changing, lively and full of hopes and aspirations. It generates inquisitiveness and yearning for knowledge. Dhamma is a complete programme of transformation and change. Dhamma is a science of spiritualism which can be perceived, felt and achieved in this life only.
Does ‘Caste Matters’ in School Education: A Preliminary Study in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kamal Utkarsh
Published: August 2023

This article aims to examine the relationship between the caste background of the students and the school choice, access to cultural and educational resources, and the prevalence of caste-based discrimination within the schools in the Kushinagar District of Uttar Pradesh. Using mixed methods of data collection, the study finds that the share of scheduled caste (SC) students successively declines while moving from public to private schools, at the same time, it increases for the general category students. Further, although the access to capital/educational resources exhibits caste characteristics as it is skewed in favour of forward caste students, it is collectively the students from rural backgrounds who face the resource crunch underscoring the regional and class inequalities as well. As such, caste hierarchy and inequality continue to shape and determine inequality and unequal outcomes in school education in India.
Determinants of Social Inclusion of Agricultural Labourers in Rural Haryana, India
Authors: Haluwalia Sumit , Sinha Rupa
Published: August 2023

In the discourse of the sustainable development goals, the idea of ‘leave no one behind’ has a critical role. Social inclusion is an important dimension in the discourse of sustainable development. This dimension ensures inclusiveness at various levels of society. In the Indian context, this concept is highly useful to understand the multi-layered problem of agricultural labour. The study’s objectives were to understand the status of social inclusion and evaluate the influence of socio-economic factors on social inclusion. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the ordered regression analysis method. The study was conducted in Haryana, and the total sample size was 401. Study found that agricultural labourers live in deplorable conditions and face significant social exclusion in society. They experience exclusion in the labour market, on the financial front, and on the social relations front. Furthermore, the study revealed that socio-economic characteristics play a central role in determining the social inclusion. Based on the findings, the study advocates that the multi-layered problem of agriculture can be understood by using the multi-dimensional concept. Government assistance at multi-level to agricultural labour force can ratify their empowerment and inclusion.
Unveiling the dark side of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in cancers and other human pathology: a systematic review
Authors: Akinyemi Amos Olalekan , Simpson Kendall Elizabeth , Oyelere Sunday Faith , Nur Maria , Ngule Chrispus Mutuku , Owoyemi Bolaji Charles Dayo , Ayarick Vivian Adiila , Oyelami Felix Femi , Obaleye Oluwafunminiyi , Esoe Dave-Preston , Liu Xiaoqi , Li Zhiguo
Published: August 2023

Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is predominantly expressed in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 plays a crucial role in protein folding by assisting in the assembly of misfolded proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, GRP78 can translocate to the cell surface (csGRP78) were it interacts with different ligands to initiate various intracellular pathways. The expression of csGRP78 has been associated with tumor initiation and progression of multiple cancer types. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing evidence on the roles of GRP78 in various types of cancer and other human pathology. Additionally, the review discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying GRP78's involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer advancement. Furthermore, we highlight recent innovative approaches employed in downregulating GRP78 expression in cancers as a potential therapeutic target.
AGEs promote atherosclerosis by increasing LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells via RAGE/NF-κB/Caveolin-1 pathway
Authors: Shu Meng , Cheng Wenzhuo , Jia Xiong , Bai Xiangli , Zhao Ying , Lu Yajing , Zhu Lin , Zhu Yan , Wang Li , Shu Yan , Song Yi , Jin Si
Published: August 2023

Objective

To elucidate the mechanism whereby advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accelerate atherosclerosis (AS) and to explore novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results

The effect of AGEs on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transcytosis across endothelial cells (ECs) was assessed using an in vitro model of LDL transcytosis. We observed that AGEs activated the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on the surface of ECs and consequently upregulated Caveolin-1, which in turn increased caveolae-mediated LDL transcytosis and accelerated AS progression. Our molecular assessment revealed that AGEs activate the RAGE-NF-κB signaling, which then recruits the NF-κB subunit p65 to the RAGE promoter and consequently enhances RAGE transcription, thereby forming a positive feedback loop between the NF-κB signaling and RAGE expression. Increased NF-κB signaling ultimately upregulated Caveolin-1, promoting LDL transcytosis, and inhibition of RAGE suppressed AGE-induced LDL transcytosis. In ApoE−/− mice on a high-fat diet, atherosclerotic plaque formation was accelerated by AGEs but suppressed by EC-specific knockdown of RAGE.

Conclusion

AGEs accelerate the development of diabetes-related AS by increasing the LDL transcytosis in ECs through the activation of the RAGE/NF-κB/Caveolin-1 axis, which may be targeted to prevent or treat diabetic macrovascular complications.
Shining the spotlight on the neglected: new high-quality genome assemblies as a gateway to understanding the evolution of Trypanosomatidae
Authors: Albanaz Amanda T. S. , Carrington Mark , Frolov Alexander O. , Ganyukova Anna I. , Gerasimov Evgeny S. , Kostygov Alexei Y. , Lukeš Julius , Malysheva Marina N. , Votýpka Jan , Zakharova Alexandra , Záhonová Kristína , Zimmer Sara L. , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Butenko Anzhelika
Published: August 2023

Background

Protists of the family Trypanosomatidae (phylum Euglenozoa) have gained notoriety as parasites affecting humans, domestic animals, and agricultural plants. However, the true extent of the group's diversity spreads far beyond the medically and veterinary relevant species. We address several knowledge gaps in trypanosomatid research by undertaking sequencing, assembly, and analysis of genomes from previously overlooked representatives of this protistan group.

Results

We assembled genomes for twenty-one trypanosomatid species, with a primary focus on insect parasites and Trypanosoma spp. parasitizing non-human hosts. The assemblies exhibit sizes consistent with previously sequenced trypanosomatid genomes, ranging from approximately 18 Mb for Obscuromonas modryi to 35 Mb for Crithidia brevicula and Zelonia costaricensis. Despite being the smallest, the genome of O. modryi has the highest content of repetitive elements, contributing nearly half of its total size. Conversely, the highest proportion of unique DNA is found in the genomes of Wallacemonas spp., with repeats accounting for less than 8% of the assembly length. The majority of examined species exhibit varying degrees of aneuploidy, with trisomy being the most frequently observed condition after disomy.

Conclusions

The genome of Obscuromonas modryi represents a very unusual, if not unique, example of evolution driven by two antidromous forces: i) increasing dependence on the host leading to genomic shrinkage and ii) expansion of repeats causing genome enlargement. The observed variation in somy within and between trypanosomatid genera suggests that these flagellates are largely predisposed to aneuploidy and, apparently, exploit it to gain a fitness advantage. High heterogeneity in the genome size, repeat content, and variation in chromosome copy numbers in the newly-sequenced species highlight the remarkable genome plasticity exhibited by trypanosomatid flagellates. These new genome assemblies are a robust foundation for future research on the genetic basis of life cycle changes and adaptation to different hosts in the family Trypanosomatidae.
The general attributes and competence for nurses in a single responder unit: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Tikkanen Viivi , Arsic Marija , Henricson Maria
Published: August 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe the general attributes and competence that nurses in the ambulance’s single responder units are considered to need.

Background

The development of ambulance care has led to an increased need for new units and working methods. Single responder unit is a single crewed unit that often uses for the patient assessments, to refer patients to the right level of care and to release regular ambulances. There is a lack of description of the needed competence for the nurses within single responder unit.

Methods

Modified Delphi with three rounds was used. The first round was conducted with focus group interviews and analysed with content analysis. Five competence categories and 19 subcategories were identified. The second and third rounds were conducted through surveys using a 4-point Likert scale and analysed with descriptive statistics.

Results

The ability to communicate with other healthcare providers to achieve one’s goal, the ability to create a good encounter alone and to have appropriate professional experience were identified as the most important general attributes and competencies.

Conclusions

A central competence in prehospital emergency care is the ability to independently assess and treat patients with varying care needs in complex environments. To be able to work in SRU requires good communication and collaborations skills with other healthcare providers but it is also a prerequisite for creating a good patient relationship. Work experience of taking care of varying patients and situations is also needed in SRU.
Development of a tool to assess environmental factors to support home care – a Delphi study
Authors: Schorderet Chloé , Bastiaenen Caroline H.G. , de Bie Robert A. , Maréchal Marc , Vuilleumier Noémie , Allet Lara
Published: August 2023

Background

Living in an adequate environment suited to one’s abilities and needs is an essential condition to function in daily life. However, no complete tool currently exists to provide a rapid overview of a person’s environment, both material (accommodation and auxiliary means) and social (entourage and available services). Our aim was to develop a tool to identify potentially problematic environmental factors and to determine when an in-depth assessment is necessary.

Methods

Health professionals experienced in home-based treatment participated in a three-round Delphi process. The first round aimed to define which items the tool should contain, the second to collect participants’ opinions on a first version of the tool, and the third to collect the participants’ opinions on the adapted version of the tool.

Results

A total of 29 people participated in the first round, 21 in the second and 18 in the third. The final tool contains 205 items divided into four categories (basic information about the inhabitant and their home, inhabitant’s level of independence and autonomy, home, tools and means at the inhabitant’s disposition) and two annexes (stairs to access to the home, internal staircase to the dwelling).

Conclusions

A complete tool allowing professionals working in patients’ homes to obtain an overview of the environmental factors that could represent obstacles to the independence of the inhabitant, or to the possibility of providing quality care could be developed. This tool is very complete but relatively long. To facilitate its usability, it would be relevant that a digital version to focus on individual relevant categories be elaborated.