bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social class and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prospective longitudinal studies
Authors: Bodryzlova Yuliya , Kim Alexie , Michaud Xavier , André Claire , Bélanger Emmanuelle , Moullec Grégory
Published: July 2022

Background:

The association between belonging to a disadvantaged socio-economic status or social class and health outcomes has been consistently documented during recent decades. However, a meta-analysis quantifying the association between belonging to a lower social class and the risk of dementia has yet to be performed. In the present work, we sought to summarise the results of prospective, longitudinal studies on this topic.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, longitudinal studies measuring the association between indicators of social class and the risk of all-cause/Alzheimer’s dementia. The search was conducted in four databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsychInfo). Inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis were: (a) longitudinal prospective study, (b) aged ⩾60 years at baseline, (c) issued from the general population, (d) no dementia at baseline and (e) mention of social class as exposure. Exclusion criteria were: (a) study of rare dementia types (e.g. frontotemporal dementia), (b) abstract-only papers and (c) articles without full text available. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. We calculated the overall pooled relative risk of dementia for different social class indicators, both crude and adjusted for sex, age and the year of the cohort start.

Results:

Out of 4548 screened abstracts, 15 were included in the final analysis (76,561 participants, mean follow-up 6.7 years (2.4–25 years), mean age at baseline 75.1 years (70.6–82.1 years), mean percentage of women 58%). Social class was operationalised as levels of education, occupational class, income level, neighbourhood disadvantage and wealth. Education (relative risk (RR)=2.48; confidence interval (CI) 1.71–3.59) and occupational class (RR=2.09; CI 1.18–3.69) but not income (RR=1.28; CI 0.81–2.04) were significantly associated with the risk of dementia in the adjusted model. Some of the limitations of this study are the inclusion of studies predominantly conducted in high-income countries and the exclusion of social mobility in our analysis.

Conclusions:

We conclude that there is a significant association between belonging to a social class and the risk of dementia, with education and occupation being the most relevant indicators of social class regarding this risk. Studying the relationship between belonging to a disadvantaged social class and dementia risk might be a fruitful path to diminishing the incidence of dementia over time. However, a narrow operationalisation of social class that only includes education, occupation and income may reduce the potential for such studies to inform social policies.
Health services in Nordic welfare states: Introducing a new category of providers through the Norwegian free treatment choice reform
Authors: Lindén Tord Skogedal , Ervik Rune
Published: July 2022

Aim: We contribute to the literature on private provision of health care in Nordic countries by studying developments following the 2015 Norwegian free treatment choice reform. The reform introduced new providers of publicly financed health care. These new private for-profit or not-for-profit providers are licensed by Helfo (the Norwegian Health Economics Administration) to offer pre-defined services at pre-defined prices. They treat patients referred to specialist health care given that patients choose these providers. We focus on multidisciplinary specialist substance treatment and mental health care, areas constituting 78% of reform costs in 2019. Methods and data: We discuss three sets of questions with statistics, documents, and interview data: What developments and consequences of new providers did key actors expect? What developments of Helfo-licensed providers do we see and why? How have Helfo-licensed providers influenced collaboration between public and non-public providers and recruitment? Results: Contrary to expectations, we found that most Helfo-licensed providers have not previously collaborated with public providers through tender agreements. This complicates collaboration. So far, the establishment of new providers has not undermined public providers in terms of recruitment. Conclusion: Public providers with Helfo-licensed providers in their area still experience some pressure on recruitment and express concerns for future negative reform consequences. The introduction of new private providers may influence the level of market-orientation in the Norwegian welfare state.
A study of emotion management and identity construction in Chinese medical treatment discussions
Authors: Li Chengtuan
Published: July 2022

Based on a medical corpus, this study attempts to capture how doctors manage their emotions and construct their professional identity in treatment discussions. Using the Emotion Model and the Model of Epistemics and Deontics Gradient, I find that (1) when their professional expertise is questioned or doubted, doctors highlight their epistemic rights and displays negative emotions; (2) when their professional role is negated, doctors give the deontic rights to their patients and discharge negative emotions; and (3) when their professional ethics is challenged, doctors project their professional morality, reinforce their deontic rights and give vent to negative emotions. This study, by integrating the Confucian System of Moral Virtues (see) with Emotion Model, establishes a theoretical framework for examining the association between emotion management and identity construction in Chinese medical discourse.
“I Don’t Know What World I Live in Anymore”: Social work student narratives of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jen Sarah , Brandt Grace , Carr Kortney , Riquino Michael R , Cole Sarah J , Paceley Megan S
Published: July 2022

As an ongoing collective trauma event, the COVID-19 pandemic has produced varied experiences and narratives among diverse populations, which have implications for meaning-making and healing post-pandemic. This study examined narratives from six social work students to better understand how individuals make meaning out of the pandemic experience. Holistic content analysis was utilized to identify a core pattern, comprised of a single in-vivo quote, and key themes within each case. Two participants utilized imagery or metaphor to describe emotional impacts of the pandemic; two emphasized the social responsibilities and roles they were challenged to perform during the pandemic, particularly the role of being a parent; and two conveyed how they endured the pandemic through the use of self-care and grounding strategies. Participants’ inability to perform their professional and community service roles during this event created a sense of internal conflict between one’s felt need to help and the internalized master narrative of social work as a serving profession. Findings illustrate how individuals find meaning through storytelling, grounding, identity navigation, and research participation through a collective trauma and indicate potential strategies for individual and collective processing and healing.
Understanding service navigation pathways and service experiences among homeless populations
Authors: Lee Eunwoo , Lee Wonhyung , Duncan Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Previous homelessness research examined common pathways into homelessness, yet not much is known about how people navigate through services while experiencing homelessness. This study explored the service pathways of homeless individuals in the U.S. context, which show their connection with multiple organizations and their lived experiences of using services over time. We conducted 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews to grasp the history of service pathways, including the number of organizations, time gaps between services, and referral patterns. We also conducted participant observation shadowing with a subset of the study participants to understand how they interact with caseworkers. The length of service pathways varied, from less than five years to more than two decades. On average, participants went through at least three and up to eight organizations. Regarding service experiences, systemic- and individual-level themes were drawn for negative or positive experiences, such as strict organizational policies and the caseworker’s demeaning attitudes (negative), or supportive organizational culture and strong employee competencies (positive). The findings of this study provide deeper insights into homeless populations’ service trajectories and their experiences throughout the service-navigating process.
Dynamic roll instability of liquid natural gas carrier during offloading operations and prediction of downtime cost in Malaysian waters
Authors: Patel Mohammed Shihab , Liew Mohd Shahir , Kang Hooi-Siang , Lee Kee-Quen , Kim Moo-Hyun , Bambole Abhay
Published: July 2022

The loss of revenue or global loss in term of cost due to downtime conditions is always a concern for field operators. Prevailing wave conditions may suddenly appear during offloading operations, which will influence the overall process and may lead to downtime of operations. Severe weather can significantly impact downtime costs of offloading operations and cause a huge loss of revenue. This research work integrates the dynamic stability with downtime cost for LNG carrier in different location of Malaysian waters using real time metocean data. This study on downtime cost utilizes the real time and location-specific wave scatters, as well as limiting criteria of offloading in Malaysian waters. The dynamic roll stability of LNG carrier was investigated for ABS criteria in two depths of water at three real-time locations. Susceptible wave conditions had been identified along with downtime cost analysis. This domain of downtime cost study was further rendered into mathematical package in the form of graphical interfaces for field operators. This mathematical based graphical interface facilitates in predicting location-specific downtime cost charts and allows operator companies to determine the fiscal losses for different range of downtime days and various capacities of LNG carrier. Overall, this research contributes by linking dynamic stability with operating costs through real time metocean data in Malaysian waters.
BSkyB and the 1991 World Student Games: The Transformation of Live Sports Television Acquisition and Coverage in the UK in the Early 1990s
Authors: Fenwick James
Published: July 2022

In 1991, Sheffield was the host city for the XVI Summer Universiade, better known as the World Student Games (WSG). Studies of the 1991 WSG commonly assert that it received little to no television coverage. This article intervenes to demonstrate that the WSG did receive substantial television coverage on Sky Sports and across the ITV network. The article draws on new archival sources to provide perspectives on the negotiations and interactions between the WSG organizers and the broadcasters, focusing on BSkyB. The article serves as an instrumental case study on how newly available television archival collections can be used to reframe perspectives of television history. In particular, the article considers the early history of Sky Sports, its approach to sports acquisition, its relationship with public service broadcasters, and the impact of satellite television on live-sports coverage and a rapidly changing media landscape in the UK in the early 1990s.
Shortened Radiation Time Promotes Recovery From Radiation-induced Lymphopenia in Early-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Li Tingting , Du Shisuo , He Jian , Zeng Zhaochong
Published: July 2022

Background: To evaluate the potential impact of radiation time on radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) and subsequently recovery after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and to examine the associations between radiation time and with patient outcomes in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Clinical and laboratory records of subjects consisted of 115 patients who had received SBRT for early-stage NSCLC. Clinical and laboratory records were retrospective reviewed to assess the changes in total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) following SBRT. Associations of TLCs kinetics with the clinical and treatment features, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Most patients (100/115, 86.96%) experienced significantly decreased median TLCs following SBRT (1700 vs 1100 cells/µL; P < .001), and 52 patients (45.21%) met the criteria for lymphopenia. Six months after SBRT, 44 patients (38.26%) had recovered. A negative correlation between TLCs reduction and radiation time was observed ( r = −0.381, P < .001). According to the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value for radiation time to was 3950 s to predict lymphocyte count recovery (LR) following RIL was 3950 s ( P < .001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that radiation time was significantly associated with LR (odds ratio [OR], 0.113; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.029-0.432; P = .001) but not TLCs reduction ( P = .575). LR within 6 months after SBRT was associated with improved progression-free survival in patients without non-lymphopenia ( P = .034), but had little effect in patients with lymphopenia ( P = .405). Conclusion: A longer radiation time was associated with a lower rate of LR within 6 months after SBRT in patients with early-stage NSCLC. Given the association of severe and persistent RIL with survival in NSCLC, further study of the effect of radiation time on immune status is warranted.
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Complicated with Occlusion of Bilateral Common Iliac Arteries
Authors: Fujimoto Ryo , Ogawa Tatsuya , Hayashida Tomohiro , Kato Gentaro , Yamamoto Shu , Shichijo Takeshi
Published: July 2022

We report a case of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated with occlusion of bilateral common iliac arteries. A 68-year-old man complained of sudden onset of lower abdominal and back pain. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm of about 80 mm in diameter and a giant retroperitoneal hematoma, as well as occlusion of both common iliac arteries. We performed Y-grafting, concomitant with thrombectomy of both iliac arteries from inside the aneurysm. Postoperative course was uneventful without ischemic findings of the legs and the patient was discharged on the 17th postoperative day.
Continuous Spikes and Waves During Sleep (CSWS), Severe Epileptic Encephalopathy, and Choreoathetosis due to Mutations in FRRS1L
Authors: Mir Ali , Amer Fawzia , Ali Mona , Alotaibi Wajd , Alotaibi Manar , Hedaithy Abdullah , Aldurayhim Fatimah , Hussain Fatimah , Bashir Shahid , Housawi Yousef
Published: July 2022

Background. Biallelic pathogenic variants in the FRRS1L gene are now known to cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-37 (DEE37). It can also be associated with chorea and continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS). CSWS is a rare age-related epileptic encephalopathy syndrome of childhood that is characterized by seizures, neurocognitive regression and electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) on electroencephalogram (EEG) that evolves in four stages. Seizures start during the prodromal phase but the ESES on EEG appears only during acute stage and this is the stage when the diagnosis of CSWS can be made. Methods. We present two patients with FRRS1L mutation causing DEE37 with CSWS. We also review twenty-nine cases of DEE37 described in the literature before and discuss its association with CSWS in the total cohort of thirty-one cases. Results. Developmental regression was found in 80% of the patients, mean age of seizure onset was 18 months, ESES or slow spike and wave on the EEG were reported mostly in the older patients (median age of 11 years) and hypsarrhythmia was reported in younger patients (median age of 4 years). This could suggest that if the younger patients were followed longer their EEG would have evolved into ESES during the acute stage of this syndrome and a diagnosis of CSWS could be made. Conclusion. Recognizing ESES and the natural evolution of CSWS is important in diagnosis and proper management of these patients. More detailed report of EEG findings and the evolution of epilepsy and development are needed to further characterize this syndrome.
Spectrum of EEG Findings in Patients with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis and Seizures: Correlation with Neurodiagnostic Results and Outcome
Authors: Ayvacioglu Cagan Cansu , Demirel Ozbek Ezgi , Dericioglu Nese
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a devastating condition in patients with systemic malignancies or primary brain tumors. Although much is known about neuro-radiologic investigations, there is very little information about EEG findings in these patients. Whether EEG is correlated with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and survival has not been investigated. Methods: Medical records of 2340 adult patients with the diagnosis of brain tumor, either metastatic (Group 1) or primary (Group 2), between 2000-2021 were reviewed for the presence of LC and seizures. Demographic and clinical features, laboratory results and Karnofsky performance scores of included patients were noted. Available routine EEG recordings were re-evaluated. Any possible correlation between EEG findings-MRI and EEG findings-survival were investigated statistically. Results: Sixty-six patients with LC and seizures were identified. The most common malignancies were lung cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. Twenty-six EEG recordings of 17 patients in Group 1, and 13 EEGs of 9 patients in Group 2 were available for final analysis. The most common EEG characteristic was background slowing (73%). The most frequent findings were rhythmic periodic patterns or spike wave activity (27%). Sporadic epileptiform discharges (8%) or ictal recordings (4%) were very rare. None of the EEG features correlated with MRI results or survival. Conclusion: There are various EEG patterns in patients with LC and seizures. The most common findings are related to background activity, with rhythmic periodic patterns or spike wave activity being observed less commonly. EEG characteristics do not predict MRI findings or survival.
A Novel Ring Knot Pusher With Closed Triangle Tip for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kishimoto Noriaki , Takahashi Yosuke , Kawase Takumi , Tsuda Kazumasa , Morisaki Akimasa , Fujii Hiromichi , Shibata Toshihiko
Published: July 2022

We created a novel ring-type knot pusher with a closed triangle tip, wherein the thread is never detached from the knot pusher head during the ligation process. This knot pusher has a small head and is suitable for complex fields, such as the subvalvular apparatus of the mitral valve, allowing the surgeons to observe the knot itself. Considering that the thread passes through the inner corner of the triangle during the tying-down process without swinging inside the triangle, this knot pusher allows for a stable and secure ligation.
Men’s Involvement in Sexual and Reproductive Health Care and Decision Making in the Philippines: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Lantiere Alexa E. , Rojas Michelle A. , Bisson Cristina , Fitch Elizabeth , Woodward Amanda , Stevenson Eleanor L.
Published: July 2022

Sexual and reproductive health care (SRH) and family planning (FP) services have been primarily female centered. In recent decades, international groups have advocated for men’s involvement in SRH and FP, yet related research remains limited and implementation not fully realized in many countries. This systematic review of literature seeks to summarize the barriers and facilitators to men’s involvement in SRH/FP services in the Philippines. It is limited to publications in English from 1994 to 2021 regarding studies conducted in the Philippines whose research questions focused on men’s involvement in SRH/FP. Eligible studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) Evidence Rating Scale. The Ecological Model for Health Promotion was used as the guiding theoretical framework for analysis and to report findings. Barriers and facilitators were identified at every ecological level except that of policy. The most common barrier identified was men’s deficit in knowledge about SRH/FP; the most common facilitator was the positive influence of their social network on men’s attitudes, beliefs, and practices pertaining to SRH/FP. A range of factors from the individual to the community level influenced men’s involvement, including religious beliefs, economic means, and cultural gender roles. More studies are needed to provide a fuller understanding of the multilevel ecological factors influencing men’s involvement in SRH/FP and inform interventions with men that can positively affect their behavior related to SRH/FP decision making.
The Impact of Health Coaching on Weight and Physical Activity in Obese Adults: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Suminski Richard R. , Leonard Tara , Obrusnikova Iva , Kelly Kristin
Published: July 2022

Health Coaching (HC) is an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to assisting individuals in achieving their health-related goals. Studies have generally shown positive effects of HC on weight loss in obese adults. However, limitations do exist, that if addressed would further clarify HC’s viability as a clinical, obesity treatment approach. To examine the effects of HC on weight loss, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and psychosocial constructs in obese adults. A randomized control trial with 44 [Mean body mass index (BMI) 36.5] middle-aged, White adults. Participants were randomly assigned to HC (n = 22) or control (n = 22) groups. A certified health coach provided bi-weekly, in-person and telehealth HC for 12 weeks. Percent excess weight loss was 15.7% in HC vs. 2.5% in controls ( p< .001). The change in MVPA was significantly greater in HC (+50.3 min/wk) vs controls (+7.1 min/wk). Psychosocial constructs also changed more favorably in HC than controls. Health coaching is an effective approach for weight loss in obese adults. The results of this study support the consideration of HC as a treatment option for obese adults looking to lose weight.
Crimping technique to treat iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during spinal fusion
Authors: Holland Ryan , Javed Kainaat , Hamad Mousa , Yassari Reza , Haranhalli Neil , Altschul David
Published: July 2022

Iatrogenic arterial injuries may occur during neurosurgical procedures. Particularly, the vertebral artery may be injured in a high-level cervical spinal fusion case, either during the initial exposure or when placing screws. 1 – 3 If such an injury occurs, obtaining hemostatic control and repairing the laceration are of paramount importance. 4 , 5 In this technical video, we describe the case of a patient who was undergoing a posterior C1-C2 cervical fusion when the right vertebral artery was injured due to variant anatomy. Using sutures to repair the injury was unsuccessful. Thus, we employed a technique known as crimping, which involves the use of vascular clips to pinch off the site of the tear. This technique is an improvement over existing methods given how quickly and easily it can be performed. In our technical video, we explain how to perform the crimping technique and discuss indications for its use. The patient consented to the procedure.
Transformation classification of human squat/sit-to-stand based on multichannel information fusion
Authors: Wang Yu , Song Quanjun , Ma Tingting , Chen Yong , Li Hao , Liu Rongkai
Published: July 2022

In existing rehabilitation training, research on the accuracy of recognizing completed actions has achieved good results; however, the reduction in the misjudgment rate in the action conversion process needs further research. This article proposes a multichannel information fusion method for the movement conversion process of squat/sit-to-stand, which can help online movement conversion classification during rehabilitation training. We collected a training dataset from a total of eight subjects performing three different motions, including half squat, full squat, and sitting, equipped with plantar pressure sensors, RGB cameras, and five inertial measurement units. Our evaluation includes the misjudgment rate for each action and the time needed for classification. The experimental results show that, compared with the recognition of a single sensor, the accuracy after fusion can reach 96.6% in the case of no occlusion and 86.7% in the case of occlusion. Compared with the complete time window, the classification time window is shortened by approximately 25%.
Surveillance does not equal safety: Police, data and consent on dating apps
Authors: Stardust Zahra , Gillett Rosalie , Albury Kath
Published: July 2022

As dating apps continue to receive pressure from civil society, media and governments to address a range of safety concerns, technology companies have developed and deployed a spate of new safety features. Taken together, these features rely upon increased surveillance and partnerships with both technology start-up companies and law enforcement agencies proposed as responses to sexual harassment and abuse. In this article, we draw on empirical accounts of app use – and popular media reporting – to problematise commonsense assumptions about dating apps, safety, technology, policing and surveillance. Where so-called safety features involve increased surveillance and techno-carceral solutionism, there is potential to make users less safe – particularly for app users who are marginalised or stigmatised on the basis of their race, sexuality, gender, health status, employment or disability. Instead of the impetus to ‘datafy’ consent by documenting evidence of sexual transactions, or to monitor users by sharing data with police, we argue that a more effective approach to safety must extend the notion of ‘consent culture’ to encompass a consent-based approach to collecting, storing, and sharing user data – including seeking consent from users about how and whether their data is sold, monetised or shared with third parties or law enforcement.
Analgesic effect of gastrin-releasing peptide in the dorsal horn
Authors: Saeki Ayano , Yamanaka Hiroki , Kobayashi Kimiko , Okubo Masamichi , Noguchi Koichi
Published: July 2022

Itch and pain are both unpleasant, but they are discrete sensations. Both of these sensations are transmitted by C-fibers and processed in laminae I-II of the dorsal horn. To examine whether pruriception modulates pain, we first confirmed the activation of cells in the itch-related circuits that were positive for gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and GRP receptor (GRPR) using a paw formalin injection model. This pain model with typical biphasic pain behavior increased c-Fos but did not affect the expressions of GRP and GRPR mRNAs in the dorsal horn. Using c-Fos expression as a marker for activated cells, we confirmed that formalin injection increased the number of cells double-labeled for c-Fos and GRP or GRPR in the dorsal horn. The emergence of these neurons indicates the activation of itch-related circuits by acute pain signals. The effect of an antagonist for a GRPR was examined in the paw formalin injection model. Intrathecal chronic antagonization of spinal GRPR enhanced the onset of phase II of paw formalin injection-induced pain behavior. Exogenous intrathecal GRP infusion to the paw-formalin injection model not only showed significant reduction of pain behavior but also increased c-Fos in the inhibitory neurons in the dorsal horn. The anti-nociceptive effect of spinal GRP infusion was observed in the peripheral inflammation model (complete Freund’s adjuvant injection model). In this study we suggest that painful stimuli activated itch-related neuronal circuits and uncovered the spinal activation of the itch-induced analgesic effect on acute and established inflammatory pain.
Autistic-Like Traits and Positive Schizotypy as Diametric Specializations of the Predictive Mind
Authors: Andersen Brett P.
Published: July 2022

According to the predictive-processing framework, only prediction errors (rather than all sensory inputs) are processed by an organism’s perceptual system. Prediction errors can be weighted such that errors from more reliable sources will be more influential in updating prior beliefs. It has previously been argued that autism-spectrum conditions can be understood as resulting from a predictive-processing mechanism in which an inflexibly high weight is given to sensory-prediction errors that results in overfitting their predictive models to the world. Deficits in executive functioning, theory of mind, and central coherence are all argued to flow naturally from this core underlying mechanism. The diametric model of autism and psychosis suggests a simple extension of this hypothesis. If people on the autism spectrum give an inflexibly high weight to sensory input, could it be that people with a predisposition to psychosis (i.e., people high in positive schizotypy) give an inflexibly low weight to sensory input? In this article I argue that evidence strongly supports this hypothesis. An inflexibly low weight given to sensory input can explain such disparate features of positive schizotypy as increased exploratory behavior, apophenia, hyper theory of mind, hyperactive imagination, attentional differences, and having idiosyncratic worldviews.
Engaging youth for positive change: A quantitative analysis of participant outcomes
Authors: Bennett Kyle M , Hays Scott P
Published: July 2022

Engaging Youth for Positive Change is a local civic engagement program focused on youth and young adults in the U.S. state of Illinois, and guides them through the process of adopting a local ordinance by working with their local city councils or other governing bodies. Researchers collected two waves of data from EYPC participants to quantitatively assess associations between program participation and changes in a variety of key factors relating to civic engagement. Initial findings indicate participants reported significant increases in variables associated with civic participation, including teamwork, leadership, and internal political efficacy. Furthermore, participants at more rigorous implementation sites reported significantly higher levels of critical civic engagement indicators compared to their peers at less rigorous implementation sites. This paper discusses EYPC in detail, findings from analyses and program evaluation, and concludes with a discussion on next steps regarding how EYPC and similar programs may enhance civic engagement among youth and young adult populations.
High school coaches’ attitudes toward sport psychology consultation and the barriers to implementation of sport psychology services
Authors: Ford Jessica L , Masters Sydney , Vosloo Justine
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine high school coaches’ attitudes toward sport psychology consultation and the barriers to implementation of sport psychology services. A convenience sample of 296 high school coaches ( nmale  = 225; nfemale  = 71) across the Northeast region of the United States completed the Sport Psychology Attitudes Revised Coaches-2 questionnaire and an open-ended question, “What are the barriers to using a sport psychology consultant with your team?”. Results showed that high school coaches had a positive attitude toward sport psychology services, believed these services were useful, were moderately willing to be personally involved in these services with their athletes, and did not show a strong preference for those of a similar cultural identity. However, barriers to implementation of sport psychology services were identified, such as cost, time, sport psychology consultant access and availability, coaches’ lack of knowledge about the role of a sport psychology consultant, stigma from the athletes, lack of administrative and parental support, “fit” and competency of the sport psychology consultant, evidence of effectiveness, no need for a sport psychology consultant, and issues with confidentiality/consent. These barriers reflect the current challenges associated with the standards of practice within the field of sport psychology. Expanding sport psychology services to the high school domain has the potential to foster young athletes’ emotional and physical development and thus, improve athlete performance.
A comparative investigation of metadiscursive clarifying devices in the abortion discourse of the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: McKeown Jamie
Published: July 2022

Based on previous research that identified metadiscursive clarifiers as a means of discursive control and subversion, this study investigates the use of the devices in the abortion discourse of the U.S. Supreme court. It examines four sub-genres of judicial opinion (majority opinions, dissents, regular concurrences, and special concurrences) and their contribution to the development of this area of law. The quantitative analysis reveals that the separate opinions contained significantly more clarifying devices than the majority opinions. This represented a missed opportunity for majority writers to control positions asserted in separate opinions. More qualitatively oriented analysis shows the use of the devices as reflecting the nature of the sub-genres examined: regular concurrence writers used clarifiers to support the majority opinion; special concurrence and dissent writers both used clarifiers to attack the majority opinion. The analysis also reveals that clarifiers often reveal prescient tensions within the law; positions expressed with the use of the devices often became majority positions in subsequent cases.
In government microblogs we trust: Doing trust work in Chinese government microblogs during COVID-19
Authors: Wang Xueyu , Yao Haiyan
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a novel model for examining trust work in the Chinese government microblogs, integrating Fuoli and Paradis’s model of trust-repair discourse with scholarly views on Chinese trust. We argue that the ultimate communicative goal of government microblogs is to construct the Chinese authorities’ CBT (cognition-based trust) and ABT (affect-based trust). The antecedents of CBT include the trustee’s ability and integrity, and those of ABT include values congruence and guanxi (personal connections). We also suggest three types of communicative actions critical for trust-building, that is, NN (neutralising the negative), EP (emphasising the positive) and ME (mobilising the emotivity). These actions are realised through engagement and evaluation resources, emotional stories and intimate address forms. We then apply the model to the analysis of trust work in an influential government microblog with the username of @chinapeace. The analysis has the twofold purpose of demonstrating the viability of the model of trust-building discourse and examining the trust work of Chinese government microbloggers facing the pandemic crisis.
Benefits and options for voice restoration in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients with a tracheostomy
Authors: Wallace Sarah , McGowan Sue , Sutt Anna-Liisa
Published: July 2022

Communication difficulties and their effects on patients who are mechanically ventilated are commonly reported and well described. The possibility of restoring speech for patients has obvious benefits, not only for meeting patient’s immediate needs, but for helping them to re-engage in relationships and participate meaningfully in their recovery and rehabilitation. This opinion piece by a group of United Kingdom (UK) based Speech and Language Therapy experts working in critical care describes the various ways by which a patient’s own voice can be restored. Common barriers to using different techniques and potential solutions are explored. We therefore hope that this will encourage intensive care unit (ICU) multi-disciplinary teams to advocate and facilitate early verbal communication in these patients.
Loneliness prevention and the role of the Public Health system
Authors: Crowe CL , Liu L , Bagnarol N , Fried LP
Published: July 2022

Aims:

To evaluate evidence on loneliness interventions that have been assessed and found effective, both for remediation and addressing fundamental causes of loneliness; to consider why population-level primary prevention strategies targeting fundamental causes are necessary, and determine areas for future research; and to outline an integrated approach to prevention considering roles for the Public Health system.

Method:

We conducted a review of systematic reviews to identify effective loneliness interventions and classified them in our Population-Prevention Matrix according to public health impact, amount of individual effort required, and level of prevention. We also highlighted emerging interventions that have yet to be formally evaluated.

Results:

We identified a range of preventive or therapeutic approaches, and a dearth of population-level primary prevention interventions targeting fundamental causes of loneliness. Filling this gap will be essential in addressing the loneliness epidemic, and we provided emerging examples of population-level primary prevention interventions that may inform future efforts.

Conclusion:

Based on evidence to date, we suggest an integrated approach to prevention with significant roles for the US Public Health system, including its function as Chief Health Strategist to lead and guide multisystem approaches to loneliness prevention, with a particular focus on population-level primary prevention strategies.
Mechanism of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi in Preventing and Treating COVID-19: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques
Authors: Li De-hui , Wu Lei , Chen Fen-qiao , Liu Xu-kuo , Mei Jian-qiang
Published: July 2022

Objective: The Chinese herbal formula Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi (HXZQ) is effective in preventing and treating coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection; however, its mechanism remains unclear. This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to investigate the mechanism of action of HXZQ in preventing and treating COVID-19. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to search for the active ingredients and targets of the 10 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) of HXZQ prescription (HXZQP). GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and DrugBank databases were used to screen COVID-19-related genes and intersect them with the targets of HXZQP to obtain the drug efficacy targets. Cytoscape 3.8 software was used to construct the drug-active ingredient–target interaction network of HXZQP and perform protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and topology analysis. R software was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, AutoDock Vina was utilized for molecular docking of the active ingredients of TCM and drug target proteins. Results: A total of 151 active ingredients and 250 HXZQP targets were identified. Among these, 136 active ingredients and 67 targets of HXZQP were found to be involved in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The core proteins identified in the PPI network were MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAPK14, STAT3, and PTGS2. Using GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, HXZQP was found to primarily participate in biological processes such as defense response to a virus, cellular response to biotic stimulus, response to lipopolysaccharide, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways closely related to COVID-19. Molecular docking results reflected that the active ingredients of HXZQP have a reliable affinity toward EGFR, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, and STAT3 proteins. Conclusion: Our study elucidated the main targets and pathways of HXZQP in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The study findings provide a basis for further investigation of the pharmacological effects of HXZQP.
One-Electron Oxidation of Geranyl Acetone Derivatives Using Ceric(IV) Ammonium Nitrate and Manganese(III) Acetate: Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Sono Masakazu , Yamashita Yui , Hirai Mayu , Nishio Yayoi , Takaoka Shigeru , Tori Motoo
Published: July 2022

Oxidation of geranyl acetone derivatives with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) and Mn(OAc)3 afforded tricyclic and bicyclic compounds as well as hydroxy and nitro compounds as a result of one-electron oxidation followed by carbon–carbon bond formation. This is the first example of radical cyclization (formed by one-electron oxidation) of geranyl acetone derivative 1 and its isomer 4 to give tri- and bicyclic products with carbon–carbon bond formation.
Atelocollagen-Induced Chondrogenesis Versus Microfracture Alone for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Surgical Technique and a 1-Year Clinical Outcome Study
Authors: Tan Marcus Wei Ping , Tay Kae Sian , Yeo Eng Meng Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are a common cause of post-traumatic ankle pain and disability. Atelocollagen-induced chondrogenesis (ACIC) aims to encourage the development of hyaline cartilage, which is biomechanically superior to fibrocartilage. This single-center, retrospective database study assessed patients who underwent arthroscopic microfracture with or without atelocollagen scaffold augmentation for OLT. Between 2010 and 2019, 87 patients underwent microfracture only and 31 patients underwent ACIC. Propensity score matching was used to match the ACIC group in a 1:2 ratio to a corresponding microfracture-only group using logistic regression. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Short Form-36 (SF-36), and satisfaction were assessed at preoperative, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups after matching (P > .05). Both groups had similar improvements to VAS, AOFAS, and SF-36 scores up to 12 months (P > .05). Both groups had significant 1-year improvements to physical functioning, physical limitations in usual role activities, pain, and social functioning domains, but the ACIC group additionally had significant improvements to general health, vitality, and mental health. Patients in the ACIC group were also more satisfied than the microfracture group at all time points. Patients with OLTs who underwent ACIC reported superior satisfaction and improvements to quality of life, although clinical outcomes were similar to those who underwent microfracture alone at 1 year.

Level of Evidence: Level III: Cohort study
Avascular Necrosis of the Talus Following Subchondroplasty: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Zacharias Anthony , Nazal Mark , Dawson Ashley , Aneja Arun , Srinath Arjun
Published: July 2022

Case

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus in a 45-year-old female following subchondroplasty with calcium phosphate bone filler for treatment of anterolateral and posteromedial talar dome bone marrow lesions (BMLs). The patient subsequently presented as consultation, 18 months postoperatively, with AVN of the talus. After failing conservative management, the patient underwent a total ankle arthroplasty at 46 months after subchondroplasty with resolution of pain.

Conclusion

There are few studies that have reported on the safety of subchondroplasty of the talus. Given the tenuous blood supply to the talar body and poor patient outcomes associated with AVN, caution should be taken before extrapolating the generally positive results of subchondroplasty in the knee.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV
Masks as Becoming
Authors: Pelias Ronald J.
Published: July 2022

This autoethnographic essay explores masks and identity management during the time of COVID-19. It addresses the author’s relationship to masked television and film characters as well as everyday literal and figurative life masks which hide and reveal aspects of ourselves. It ends with a reflection on mask-wearing during the current pandemic and its emergent entanglements.
The Eyes (Ayes?) Have It
Authors: Poulos Christopher N.
Published: July 2022

In this brief autoethnographic essay, I explore the contours of communication during and after (?) the COVID-19 pandemic.
Time-Dependent Change in Cartilage Repair Tissue Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging up to 2 years after Atelocollagen-Assisted Autologous Cartilage Transplantation: Data from the CaTCh Study
Authors: Shinohara Masashi , Akagi Ryuichiro , Watanabe Atsuya , Kato Yuki , Sato Yusuke , Morikawa Tsuguo , Iwasaki Junichi , Nakagawa Koichi , Akatsu Yorikazu , Ohtori Seiji , Sasho Takahisa
Published: July 2022

Objective

To elucidate the time course of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based morphological and qualitative outcomes after an atelocollagen-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and to analyze the correlation between arthroscopic and MRI-based assessment.

Design

We included ACI recipients from a multicenter registration study (CaTCh [Cartilage Treatment in Chiba] study). Morphological (3-dimensional magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue: 3D-MOCART, MOCART2.0) and qualitative assessment (T2- and T1rho-mapping) by MRI were conducted at 6, 12, and 24 months post-implantation. Global T2 and T1rho indices (T2 and T1rho in repair tissue divided by T2 and T1rho in normal cartilage) were calculated. Arthroscopic second-look assessment was performed in 4 and 15 knees at 12 and 24 months post-implantation, respectively.

Results

The 3D-MOCART over 12 months witnessed significant patient improvement, but some presented subchondral bone degeneration as early as 6 months. The MOCART2.0 improved from 57.5 to 71.3 between 6 and 24 months ( P = 0.02). The global T2 index decreased from 1.7 to 1.2 between 6 and 24 months ( P < 0.001). The global T1rho index decreased from 1.5 to 1.3 between 6 and 24 months ( P = 0.004). Normal or nearly normal ICRS-CRA (cartilage repair assessment scale developed by the International Cartilage Repair Society) grades were achieved in 86% and 93% of the lesions at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Better ICRS-CRA grade corresponded to better MOCART2.0, with no trend in the T2 and T1rho values.

Conclusions

Atelocollagen-assisted ACI improved the MRI-based morphological and qualitative outcomes until 24 months post-surgery, and normal or nearly normal grades were achieved in most lesions by arthroscopic assessment. MRI assessment may be an alternative to arthroscopic assessment.
Arterial spin labeling clinical applications for brain tumors and tumor treatment complications: A comprehensive case-based review
Authors: Luna Licia P , Ahmed Amara , Daftaribesheli Laleh , Deng Francis , Intrapiromkul Jarunee , Lanzman Bryan A , Yedavalli Vivek
Published: July 2022

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that allows for quantifying cerebral blood flow without intravenous contrast. Various neurovascular disorders and tumors have cerebral blood flow alterations. Identifying these perfusion changes through ASL can aid in the diagnosis, especially in entities with normal structural imaging. In addition, complications of tumor treatment and tumor progression can also be monitored using ASL. In this case-based review, we demonstrate the clinical applications of ASL in diagnosing and monitoring brain tumors and treatment complications.