bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksistensi Badikia di Nan Limo Hilia
Authors: Satria Andri , Fitriani Erda
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan eksistensi Badikia Rabano di desa Nan Limo Hilia serta mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemain Badikia Rabano, masyarakat serta tokoh masyarakat yang ada di desa Nan Limo Hilia. Eksistensi Badikia Rabano di desa Nan Limo Hilia adalah keberadaannya masih ada di tengah masyarakat Nan Limo Hilia. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisis penelitian ini adalah pradigma etnosains yang dikemukakan oleh James P. Spradley. Motodologi yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif yang menggunakan tipe studi kasus serta teknik pemilihan informan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis data menggunakan James P. Spradley. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Badikia Rabano masih dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dibuktikan dengan adanya Badikia Rabano dalam berbagai kegiatan yang bernuansa agama di masyarakat. Pemain Badikia secara umum tidak mengetahui arti dari kitab Badikia yang dibaca, namun menurut kepercayaan masyarakat yang ada bahwa kitab dibaca menceritakan sejarah Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Motif Guru Memilih Metode Ceramah dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMAN 13 Padang
Authors: Aini Janatul , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: April 2021

Pembelajaran sosiologi mengharuskan guru menerapkan pembelajaran yang dapat mengaktifkan siswa, namun guru lebih sering memilih metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran sosiologi di SMA N 13 Padang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana motif guru dalam proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan di sekolah SMAN 13 Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, pengamatan dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yang pertama, bahwa metode ceramah tidak perlu memerlukan banyak waktu Kedua, guru bisa berinteraksi dengan siswa. Ketiga, guru bisa melihat secara langsung sejauh mana siswa memahami materi yang disampaikan guru.
Teori Belajar Menurut Aliran Psikologi Humanistik Serta Implikasinya Dalam Proses Belajar dan Pembelajaran
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman , S Neviyarni
Published: April 2021

Psikologi humanistik memberi perhatian atas guru sebagai fasilitator untuk memberi kemudahan belajar dan berbagai kualitas fasilitator. Implikasi kecerdasan ganda sebagai bagian dari teori humanistik adalah sebagai berikut: Pendidikan harus memerhatikan semua kemampuan intelektual, pendidikan harusnya individual, memotivasi siswa, sekolah memfasilitasi siswa mengembangkan inteligensi ganda, evaluasi proses harus lebih kontekstual, proses pembelajaran dapat terjadi dimana dan kapan saja. Psikologi humanistik sangat relevan dengan dunia pendidikan, karena aliran ini selalu mendorong peningkatan kualitas diri manusia melalui penghargaannya terhadap potensi-potensi positif yang ada pada setiap insan. Seiring dengan perubahan dan tuntutan zaman, proses pendidikan pun senantiasa berubah. Dengan adanya perubahan dalam strategi pendidikan dari waktu ke waktu, humanistik memberikan arahan yang signifikan dalam pencapaian tujuan pendidikan. Teori belajar humanistik merupakan proses belajar yang harus berhulu dan bermuara pada manusia itu sendiri. Dalam teori belajar humanistik, belajar dianggap berhasil jika si pelajar memahami lingkungannya dan dirinya sendiri. Siswa dalam proses belajarnya harus berusaha agar lambat laun ia mampu mencapai aktualisasi diri dengan sebaik-baiknya.
Perbedaan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa pada Model Pembelajaran PQ4R Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Mustajab Amin , Rahmawati Puji , Selestin Yulia Deodata , Widya Agustina Fini
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh temuan peneliti yang menunjukan bahwa rerata kemampuan membaca pemahan siswa masih rendah pada model pembelajaran konvensional. Peneliti mengganti model pembelajaran konvensional yang diterapkan selama ini dengan model pembelajaran PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Recite, Review, dan Reflect). PQ4R adalah merupakan rangkaian inovasi dari pendekatan konstruktivis dalam belajar yang mendorong siswa untuk mengeksplorasi kemampuannya membuat struktur berpikir sebelum membaca dengan menyusun pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang menjadi acuan bagi siswa untuk menggali informasi yang dibutuhkan dari teks bacaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan model PQ4R. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain penelitian one-group pretest-posttest. Instrmen yang digunakan berupa tes tertulis sebanyak 6 (enam) soal esai yang terdiri dari indikator menyebutkan tokoh uatama dalam karangan, menjelaskan makna dari kata, menentukan ide utama dari paragraf, menjelaskan amanat dari karangan, serta membuat ringkasan dari karangan. Temuan penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan tingkat kemapuan membaca pemahaman siswa sebelum dan setelah mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan model PQ4R. Setelah mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan model PQ4R terjadi penigkatan sebesar 9% kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa pada kategori baik dan terjadi peningkatan sebesar 5% pada kategori sangat baik.
Habib Husein Jafar Al-Hadars Da'wa Content Commodification on Youtube
Authors: Badrus Zaman Akhmad Roja , Assarwani Mahin Muqaddam
Published: April 2021

Advances in technology and information provide new opportunities for preachers to be able to take part in spreading Islamic teachings through various social media platforms. One of the preachers who took the role to preach through social media was Habib Husein Jafar al-Hadar. This article examines Habib Husein Jafars missionary activities on the social media platform he uses, Youtube. The researcher analyzes the data by observing virtually and visually (virtual ethnography) on the dakwa content displayed by Habib Husein Jafar through Youtube. The study shows that: 1) the attention to the spiritual enlightenment efforts of the younger generation is the basis of the selection of the social media platform Youtube - because based on previous research, the users of this social media platform are 18-29 years of age; 2) starting from the dakwa consumers who are primarily young people, the content they present is suitable to their needs and lifestyle and 3) by using the concept of the circuit of culture analysis, Habib Husein Jafar in various ranges can reconstruct people's perception of ones definition of holiness. It is not limited based on normative appearance - cloaked and sacrificed, for example - but more on the substantive side, namely by behaving and having knowledgeable skills. With the variety of content, he could visualize himself as a pious young man by not abandoning his social status as a young person.
The sociocultural role of modern sports
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts, Sharapova E.S. , Ogorodov D.A. ,   National Research University Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology
Published: April 2021

The authors consider modern sports in the context and in connection with the trends in the development of modern civilization, such as post-industrial transformations of the economy, urbanization and the humanization of public life. The main functions of modern sports are highlighted, noting that these functions were formed within the framework of the modern society. It is noted that the attribute and function of modern sports is the normalization of social life on the basis of social norms that correspond to the ethos of the new humanism. It is emphasized that in Russia, sport as a mass social practice is characterized not only by the functionality of a post-industrial society, since it bears the archaic imprint of the ambivalence that took shape in Soviet society and continues to determine the development of sports in modern Russia.
The stimulation of service activity of the Russian national guard expert officers, serving in the construction department: pedagogical analysis of the phenomenon
Authors:   Center for State Expertise of Objects of the Federal Service troops of the national guard of the Russian Federation, Kaibov A.M.
Published: April 2021

The results of the analysis of the problem of stimulating the service and labor activity of oﬃcers-experts of the construction complex of the Russian Guard are presented. Motivation and its functions in personnel management, the role of incentives in the management system are considered. The main sources of stimulating the service and labor activity of expert oﬃcers are revealed. The most important directions of improving the activities of the oﬃcers-experts of the construction complex of the Russian Guard, recommended for building a more eﬀective and rational system of stimulating their activities, are reflected.
Restructuring as а optimization mechanism of enterprise activity
Authors:   Submarine Warranty and Service Department of Production Association «Northern Machine-Building Enterprise» JSC, Volotskoy А.А.
Published: April 2021

The study focuses on the nature of restructuring, highlighting its causes and stages, uses a systematic approach as a unified method of scientific knowledge. The author demonstrates the relationship of the internal and external environment of the enterprise with the success of the restructuring process, and also substantiates the need for careful planning of restructuring procedures in order to minimize risks. The definition of restructuring, given by the author, streamlines the previously accepted concepts and believes restructuring as a cyclical systematic process of strategic planning, which leads to comprehensive changes in the enterprise activity and improve production eﬃciency.
Unity of rational and irrational aspects of creative thinking (from R. Descartes to the philosophy of all-unity)
Authors:   Ufа Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences «UFIC RAS», Semenov S.N. , Semenova D.S. ,   Bashkir State Medical University «BSMU»
Published: April 2021

The Ratio of rational and irrational in human activity is an urgent problem, including for modern methods of modeling society. The traditional understanding of the theoretical positions of one of the founders of Modern European philosophy, R. Descartes, as classical rationalism, became the subject of discussion in the XX century. Considering the main ideas of R. Descartes from the position of understanding his creative process in the spirit of the ideas of integral knowledge of the philosophy of all-unity-allows an organic connection in any creative thinking, conceptual-verbal, aesthetic-figurative and axiological-normative moments, the synthesis of rational and irrational components through a common dialectical organization of thinking.
Nikolai Fyodorov’s philosophy in the context of Orthodox soteriology
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Kuzbass Orthodox Theological Seminary Kemerovo State University of Culture, Sizov S.E.
Published: April 2021

The author studies Nikolai Fyodorov’s teaching about resurrection of the dead in the context of Orthodox theology. The undertaken comparative analysis is aimed at making specific conclusions about whether it is fair to see between these two intellectual systems a continuity with respect to the key element of the supramoralism system - the doctrine of the resurrection. The author examines the concepts of sin, redemption, resurrection, and the coming celestial kingdom in the philosophical system of Nikolai Fedorov and in а traditional Orthodox dogmatic.
A Preliminary Analysis of Lecturers’ Empathy in Mitigating Challenges of Developing English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) Assessment Materials
Authors:   Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia France Institute, Ahmad Norkhairi , Muhammad Ahmad Mazli ,   Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Ismail Syafini ,   SMK Putrajaya PP9 (2) , Presint 9, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Baharom Harmi Izzuan ,   Language Academy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: April 2021

Running English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) courses at tertiary institutions is becoming more challenging due to a number of factors and it leaves impact on lecturers’ emotions. Emotional dimension is among the aspects that significantly influences the way lecturers view assessments and their choice of assessment practices. This paper specifically looks at empathy as one emotional aspects present within lecturers as they undertake tasks of developing assessment materials and mitigate the challenges that they encounter. Six senior ESAP lecturers teaching engineering students at two engineering related universities reflected on this scenario via interviews and self-reflections. Their empathy in planning and developing assessment materials were elicited and scrutinised via qualitative approaches. All the lecturers exuded empathy based on professional grounds and directed towards essential learner factors and the intended ESAP course outcomes attainment. Empathy was found to be consistently demonstrated towards language learner factors and their language learning context that comprise aspects like background of students, language proficiency level, familiarity with language materials, current knowledge and skills required for test-taking. Such empathy for the best interest of the learners have induced careful and selective practices among the lecturers when preparing assessment materials. The presence of empathy in assessment practices appeared to be second nature to the lecturers and it helps to complement assessment best practices and upholds quality delivery of the ESAP courses. Empathy at a positive level has enabled the lecturers to embrace the spirit of assessment for learning where more time and efforts were devoted towards planning suitable assessments that promote understanding and mastery of the language, before going for the assessment of learning or summative assessments.
How To Hang A Door: Picking Hinges for Quasi-Fideism
Authors: Smith Nicholas
Published: April 2021

Abstract: In the epistemology of the late Wittgenstein, a central place is given to the notion of the hinge: an arational commitment that provides a foundation of some sort for the rest of our beliefs. Quasi-fideism is an approach to the epistemology of religion that argues that religious belief is on an epistemic par with other sorts of belief inasmuch as religious and non-religious beliefs all rely on hinges. I consider in this paper what it takes to find the appropriate hinge for a quasi-fideist approach to the epistemology of religion.
La enseñanza de la Música en la virtualidad: reflexiones en torno a la producción de materiales educativos
Authors: Daniec Karina , Torres Claudia
Published: April 2021

Las Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y el Conocimiento (TAC) forman parte y acompañan las prácticas de enseñanza de la música desde hace ya varios años. El uso de recursos musicales en formato digital, materiales audiovisuales y de programas o aplicaciones digitales de manipulación y edición sonora son recursos de uso frecuente en la enseñanza de la música en presencialidad. Por otro lado, debemos considerar que los destinatarios de nuestra propuesta, niñas y niños de entre 6 y 12 años, son definidos en cuanto a su relación con la tecnología como nativos digitales por tener en su mayoría un contacto cotidiano con ellas desde temprana edad. En el presente trabajo se describe el desarrollo de las TAC en el contexto de la virtualidad a partir de la descripción del proceso de adecuación de las propuestas didácticas de la enseñanza de la música en el nivel primario de la escolaridad obligatoria en el contexto de la pandemia. Dicha descripción se focalizará en los materiales musicales y audiovisuales producidos de manera colectiva por el equipo de profesoras y profesores, y en el grado de interacción que sus destinatarios pudieron generar con él, colaborando en la construcción del conocimiento musical. La experiencia está situada en la escuela Graduada Joaquín V. González de la UNLP.
In Anticipation of Disaster: The Beginnings of Croatian Modernism and the End of the Empire
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies RAS, Zlydneva Nataliya
Published: April 2021

The essay deals with the history of the first steps of modernism in Croatian visual arts in the 1910s – beginnings of the 1920s, which took the form of expressionism. In the aspect of early expressionism, the work of the most significant Croatian painters and graphic artists (L. Babić, M. Trepse and others), as well as sculptors (I. Meštrović), considered in the context of the art of the Balkan region (Serbian and Slovenian artists) as a whole, is observed. A number of theoretical issues are touched upon – the typology of symbolism and impressionism, closely related to Croatian expressionism, as well as the problem of isomorphism of expressionism poetics as an integral part of the avant-garde to the phenomenon of explosion in culture. The research shows that the beginnings of the Croatian modernism, which coincided with the end of the empire, reflect the specifics of the Balkan model of cultural development in the 20th century, based on the convergence of extremes.
Representation of Ship of State Metaphor in Modern Greek Poetry of the 20th and 21st c.
Authors:   Institute of Humanities and Education Sevastopol State University, Kozhukhovskaia Iuliia
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on representation of the Ship of State metaphor in the Modern Greek poetry of the 20th and 21st c. Notional, imagery and axiological layers of the ship-state concept are under analysis. The components of the metaphor under study are identified: “The Ship is Nation”, “The Ship is the Historical Situation”, “The Ship is the Town”, “The Ship is Humanity” (“The Ship is Oecumene”).
Changing the Norm of Socium – the Basis of the Communicative Composition of the Film (based on the movie “Nightingale the Robber”)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korosteleva Anna
Published: April 2021

The research is carried out by the method of semantic communication analysis. The analysis of the communicative composition of a spoken literary text, organized by the communicative parameter of the norm, is presented. The film “Solovey-Razboynik” (“Nightingale the Robber”, Russia, 2012) presents a rare type of a hero capable of changing the society norm, that is, creating and imposing a new norm on the environment. The article analyzes the work of Russian communicative means in dialogues recruited in order to show the process of the hero introducing his own personal norm. The nominative level units perform in the film two aesthetic tasks: 1) they create an alternation of two layers, legend and comics, and 2) they maintain the communication path, also reflecting the change of norms.
STUDI KOMPARATIF SKALA NYERI SAAT PEMASANGAN INFUS PADA ANAK YANG DIBERIKAN TEKNIK DISTRAKSI AUDIO VISUAL MENONTON ANIMASI KARTUN DAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI TARIK NAFAS DALAM DI RSI SITI AISYAH KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Mustofa Ibnu Habib , Verawati Metti , Sari Rika Maya
Published: April 2021

Nyeri pada anak saat melakukan prosedur invasif yang tidak diatasi dengan baik dapat membuat anak tidak kooperatif sehingga dapat menghambat proses pengobatan. Peran bagi perawat untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri pada anak yaitu dengan memberikan teknik pengurangan nyeri dengan secara farmakologi dan non-farmakologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi komparatif untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel dengan pendekatan pre test one group desain untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien anak rawat inap di UGD RSI Siti Aisyah Kota Madiun sejumlah 670 pasien pada tahun 2019. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian pasien anak rawat inap sejumlah 30  responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi nyeri pada kelompok intervensi dengan mengukur skala nyeri Wong Backer. Intervensi dilakukan dengan cara memberikan terapi distraksi menonton animasi kartun dan teknik relaksasi tarik napas dalam selama pemasangan infus. Hasil penelitian studi komparasi skala nyeri saat pemasangan infus pada anak yang diberikan teknik distraksi audio visual menonton animasi kartun dengan kategori ekspresi wajah sedikit nyeri dengan prosentase 67% sedangkan 47% anak masuk ke kategori wajah ekspresi sangat nyeri saat diberikan teknik relaksasi tarik napas dalam. Hasil uji statistik independet t-test  diperoleh p value 0,000 dengan menggunakan taraf signifikasi α = 0,05 yang artinya terdapat perbedaan antara teknik distraksi dan teknik relaksasi saat pemasangan infus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian teknik distraksi menonton animasi kartun dapat menurunkan nyeri saat pemasangan infus pada anak. Diharapkan perawat dapat memberikan intervensi ini saat melakukan tindakan pemasangan infus.
STUDI KASUS PADA IBU NIFAS DENGAN MASALAH NYERI PERUT POST SC DI PRAKTIK MANDIRI BIDAN T WIJAYANTI S.ST.Keb KAUMAN KAB. PONOROGO
Authors: Anggita Aleysia Dwi , Wachdin Fetty Rosyadia , Ratnasari Ririn
Published: April 2021

Pada dasarnya masa nifas merupakan hal yang alamiah. Bila tidak dilakukan pemantauan masa nifas akan menjadi patologis dan harus dilakukan pelayanan secara Continuity of Care. Tujuan melakukan Asuhan Kebidanan secara Continuity of Care pada ibu nifas menggunakan manajemen kebidanan dengan SOAPIE. Hasil pengkajian dilakukan pada Ny.”A” G1P00000 usia 26 tahun pada kunjungan nifas dilakukan 3 kali. Didapatkan nyeri luka jahitan akibat Operasi SC (Sectio Caesarea). Hal ini merupakan keadaan yang fisiologis karena keluhan yang sering dialami ibu nifas adalah nyeri pada luka bekas SC (Sectio Caesarea). Penyebab terjadinya nyeri karena adanya jaringan syaraf yang terputus pada perineum. Hal ini merupakan keadaan yang fisiologis ibu nifas (Varney, 2008). Pada kunjungan ke 3 ibu sudah tidak mengeluh nyeri perut pada luka Post-SC (Sectio Caesarea). Dikarenakan selama masa nifas ibu melakukan senam nifas, melakukan personal hygiene dan memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisinya dengan memakan makanan yang berigizi.
HUBUNGAN PERAN KADER POSYANDU DENGAN PERILAKU KADARZI PADA BALITA DI POSYANDU PURNAMA WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PONOROGO SELATAN
Authors: Kusumaningrum Ratih Ayu , Munawaroh Siti , Muftiana Elmie
Published: April 2021

Keluarga Kesadaran Gizi (KADARZI) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan keluarga yang mempraktekkan perilaku gizi yang sehat, mampu mengidentifikasi masalah kesehatan dan gizi pada setiap anggota keluarga, serta mampu melakukan tindakan untuk mengatasi masalah gizi pada anggota keluarga. Kader posyandu berperan sebagai pemberi informasi kesehatan, penggerak masyarakat untuk mengunjungi posyandu, dan pelaksana program terkait gizi untuk balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan peran kader posyandu dengan perilaku KADARZI pada balita di Posyandu Purnama wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ponorogo Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh keluarga balita di Posyandu Purnama wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ponorogo Selatan. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian keluarga balita di posyandu Purnama sejumlah 62 responden. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunkan tehnik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner dan analisis data menggunakan metode chi-square. Hasil dari penelitian hampir seluruh responden menilai peran kader aktif (82,26%) dan perilaku KADARZI pada balita sebagian besar responden berperilaku positif (58,07%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran kader posyandu dengan perilaku KADARZI pada balita di Posyandu Purnama Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ponorogo Selatan. Hasil uji stastik chi-squre diperoleh p value 0,022 dengan menggunkan taraf signifikan α 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran kader dapat mempengaruhi perilaku KADARZI pada balita. Diharapkan peran kader semakin aktif sehingga perilaku KADARZI pada balita semakin baik.
A Steady-State Equivalent Circuit of TSCAOI Configured Induction Generator for Renewable Energy Conversion Systems
Authors:   University of Auckland, Wang Zhijia
Published: April 2021

3-phase cage induction machines, operated in two series-connected and one-isolated (TSCAOI) winding configuration, have been proposed to generate standalone single-phase electricity at variable speeds for renewable energy conversion systems. However, the steady-state behaviour and performance of this particular generator are not yet to be theoretically investigated. This paper therefore presents the first theoretical investigation based on the steady-state equivalent circuit model for standalone TSCAOI configured generators. Moreover, this paper is the first to adopt the winding function approach to derive a dynamic mathematical model for TSCAOI configured generators. This approach not only eliminates the cumbersome mathematical manipulation required in all previous papers related to TSCAOI configured generators but also provides a visual insight into the resulting winding distribution of the machine. In order to investigate the load and excitation characteristics pertinently, the dynamic model is transformed into two different equivalent circuit models by appropriate selected transformation matrix. Using these two models, this paper identified the impacts of system parameters on the load and excitation characteristics, as well as on the level of voltage unbalance. Experimental results of a prototype generator under various operating conditions are presented, together with simulated results, to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed investigations.
Distribution Static Compensator Using an Adaptive Observer Based Control Algorithm With Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors:   Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Srikakolapu Jayadeep
Published: April 2021

In this work, an adaptive observer supported fundamental extractor is developed to estimate the fundamental components of the load current for a three phase distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) under nonlinear load. Main variations in the proposed work are the fundamental drawing out from the distorted load current and estimation of PI controller gains. With this observer, salp swarm optimization algorithm (SSOA) is used for estimation of DC PI controller and AC PI controller gains. The estimated gains are used for DC bus voltage and AC terminal voltage error minimization respectively. This optimization algorithm commendably progresses the initial random solutions and converge to optimum. Pareto optimal solutions are approximated in SSOA with prodigious convergence and coverage. The SSOA can search unknown spaces and can deal with real world problems for solutions. The suggested control scheme with the optimized gain values has controlled the power quality issues like improving the total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current and decreasing burden of reactive power on the grid caused due to a nonlinear load. The laboratory performance of the considered system with adaptive observer using d-SPACE-1104 has been provided for implementation work.
Switched Capacitor Based Cascaded Half-Bridge Multilevel Inverter With Voltage Boosting Feature
Authors:   University of Tabriz, Khoun-Jahan Hossein
Published: April 2021

Cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) topology is prevalent in many applications. However, the CMI requires many switches and isolated dc sources, which is the main drawback of this type of inverter. As a result, the volume, cost and complexity of the CMI topology are increased and the efficiency is deteriorated. This paper thus proposes a switched-capacitor-based multilevel inverter topology with half-bridge cells and only one dc source. Compared to the conventional CMI, the proposed inverter uses almost half the number of switches, while maintaining a boosting capability. Additionally, the main drawback of switched-capacitor multilevel inverters is the capacitor inrush current. This problem is also averted in the proposed topology by using a charging inductor or quasi-resonant capacitor charging with a front-end boost converter. Simulation results and lab-scale experimental verifications are provided to validate the feasibility and viability of the proposed inverter topology.
Sintesa Ekspresi Wajah Karakter Virtual 3D menggunakan Action Unit berbasis Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Authors: Nendya Matahari Bhakti , Husniah Lailatul , Wibowo Hardianto , Yuniarno Eko Mulyanto
Published: April 2021

Ekspresi wajah pada karakter virtual 3D memegang penran penting dalam pembuatan sebuah film animasi. Untuk mendapatkan ekspresi wajah yang diinginkan seorang animator kadang mengalami kesulitan dan membutuhkan waktu yang tidak sedikit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan ekspresi wajah dengan menggabungkan beberapa Action Unit yang ada pada FACS dan diimplementasikan pada wajah karakter virtual 3D. Action Unit pada FACS dipilih karena mengacu pada struktur otot wajah manusia. Eksperimen yang dilakukan menghasilkan komninasi Action Unit yang dapat membentuk ekspresi seperti joy expression yang dihasilkan dari kombinasi AU 12+26, dan surprise expression yang dihasilkan dari kombinasi AU -4+5+26. Sedangkan untuk sadness expression dan disgust expression karena ada AU yang tidak terwakili pada model 3D sehingga di dapatkan hasil ekspresi yang kurang maksimal.
Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta) pada Perlakuan Jenis Pelarut dan Suhu Maserasi
Authors: Hutabarat Rian Lamhot Parasian , Wartini Ni Made , Antara Nyoman Semadi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of type of solvent and maceration temperature on the characteristics of cassava leaves extracts as a natural dyes leaves and determine the type of solvent for cassava leaf powder and the best maceration temperature to obtain the extract of natural cassava leaves. This study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors, namely the type of solvent (85% ethanol, 85% acetone and mixture (85% ethanol: 85% acetone) and maceration temperature (35 ° C, 45 ° C and 55 ° C). The data obtained were analyzed with variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, then continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the treatment interactions had a very significant effect on yield, chlorophyll b, brightness (L *), yellowish level (b *), total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a. , redness (a *), but had no significant effect on the interaction at the level of redness (a *). The treatment of 85% acetone solvent and 55 ° C maceration temperature was the best treatment to produce acetone extract of natural dye of cassava leaves with yield characteristics of 14, 04%, total chlorophyll 12.10%, chlorophyll a 4.39%, chlorophyll b 7.71%, brightness (L *) 16.46, redness (a *) 9.77 yellowish (b *) of 5.70.brightness level (L*) of 11.03, redness level (a*) of 10.29, yellowish level (b*) of 2.83.

Key words: cassava leaves, dye extract, maceration temperature, natural dye, solvent type.
Pengaruh Suhu Awal dan Waktu Infusi terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Minuman Herbal Daun Kopi Robusta
Authors: Lestari Luh Gede Mening , Antara Nyoman Semadi , Suwariani Ni Putu
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to find out initial infusion temperature and infusion time effects on of antibacterial and antioxidant activities the Robusta Coffee leaves herbal drink extract. This study also determined the best initial infusion temperature and infusion time that can produce Robusta Coffee leaves herbal drink extract with the best antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The study used factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is infusion temperature, consisting of 70±2°C, 80±2°C, and 90±2°C. The second factor is infusion time which consists of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Tukey test. The results showed that the treatment of initial infusion temperature, infusion time, and interaction between the two treatments had a very significant effect on antibacterial activity Abritrary Unit (AU) against Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant activity Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50). The treatment of infusion time had a significant effect on antibacterial activity AU against Escherichia coli, but the initial infusion temperature and interaction between the two treatments had a very significant effect on it. The best treatment to infuse herbal drink of Robusta Coffee leaves as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant is using initial infusion temperature of 90±2°C and infusion time of 5 minutes with antibacterial activity AU against Escherichia coli of 1.248,34 ± 132,58 mm2/mL, antibacterial activity AU against Salmonella typhimurium of 1.473,37 ± 79,57 mm2/mL, and antioxidant activity IC50 of 185,01 ± 1,66 ppm.

Keywords: Robusta coffee leaves, herbal drink, antibacterial, antioxidant.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pendegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Cair Pulp dan Kayu Lapuk Eukaliptus (Eucalyptus sp)
Authors: Hasibuan Ida R , Antara Nyoman Semadi , Wijaya I M. Mahaputra
Published: April 2021

Lignin is an organic polymer compound that is difficult to degrade in the environment because of its very complex structure consisting of an aromatic ring group and three carbons in the side chain. This exploratory study aims to determine whether white rot fungi isolated from wastewater from eucalypt pulp and weathered wood are lignolytic and the ability of the isolates to degrade tannins as an approach in the lignin degradation process. The experimental design is divided into two stages, namely: 1) Isolation of fungi that have the ability to degrade tannins quantitatively and qualitatively as well as characterization of fungi morphologically (macroscopic and microscopic). 2) Testing the ability of superior white rot fungus isolates in degrading tannins at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of tannins. The brown zone formed in white rot fungal isolates was measured the zone diameter and intensity of the brown color. The results of this study indicate that of the 29 isolates obtained, there were five superior isolates capable of degrading tannins, namely isolates LD06, LD07, BE01.3, BE01.4 and BE02.2. BE01.3 was isolated at 2% tannin concentration, the second largest diameter of the brown zone after LD06 isolate and the highest brown color intensity  level three with a slightly dark brown color intensity, namely slightly blackish brown.

Keywords: Isolation, characterization, white rot fungi, tannins, lignin degradation
Statistical Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic Across the Provinces of Iraq
Authors: Raghad G. Ali Al-Suhail  , Layla Fouad Ali
Published: April 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The outbreak was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. In this study, a complete statistical analysis for SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in entire Iraq, as well as for each governorate separately, is performed for the first time. The study covers a period that starts from the beginning of the pandemic, in the 24th of February 2020, until the 16th of July 2020. It was clear that, although the average number of the reported infection cases was low during February and March, the average infection rate (R0) was >1 (1.3- 2.1), indicating a high spreading rate. During April, when there was a complete lockdown, there was a slight decrease in the RO when the lockdown was lifted, the RO and the number of new cases started to increase rapidly until the 16th of July, when the average number of new cases for every 6 days reached 2281. The cumulative average number of new cases for every six days since the beginning of the pandemic in Iraq on 16 July was  598.4 ±862.4 (Mean± SD). The higher standard deviation than mean value (SD > mean) for most of the analyzes indicates that the official statistics are not reliable. This may be due to the need to conduct further studies as well as the presence of several cases that were not officially reported. In addition, the overall six-day average RO for entire Iraq was 1.4±0.5, with unstable values after the start of the pandemic and absence of monitoring at any time. On the other hand, this study reflects the variations in average RO, average new cases, average recovery rates, average death rates for every 6 days between the Iraqi provinces. Bagdad reported the highest average number of new cases; Babil and Salah aldin reported the highest RO values (2.8± 7.6, 2.5±7.7, respectively). Erbil and Kurkuk reported the highest average recovery rates (372.3± 1340.8, 158±433%, respectively). Babil and Dhiqar reported the highest average death rates (12.2± 63.3, 10.0± 25.8%, respectively), although Duhock did not record any deaths at the time of the study. The data require the attention of the Ministry of Health and Environment to fill in performance holes, as demonstrated by an out-of-control pandemic in Iraq.
The Sedimentology of the Late Campanian–Maastrichtian Sequence, Southwestern Iraq
Authors: Mazin Y. Tamar-Agha  , Muzahim A. Basi
Published: April 2021

Petrography, diagenesis, and facies analyses as well as the depositional environments of the late Campanian-Maastrichtian sequence in southwestern Iraq are studied in five keyholes. The sequence incorporates parts of the Hartha, Shiranish and Tayarat Formations. The Hartha Formation comprises creamy and organodetrital dolomite, grey dolomitic marl, and evaporites. The Shiranish Formation is composed of grey marl and claystone, whereas the Tayarat Formation is composed of grey ash, along with tough and fossiliferous dolomitic limestone inter-bedded with grey mudstone layers and/or wisps. Several diagenetic processes affected the sequence, such as neomorphic replacement, dissolution, dolomitization, and sulphate development. Some of these processes obliterated the primary textures.

The late Campanian-Maastrichtian sequence consists of three microfacies (Dolomitic Intraclastic Limestone, Dolomitized Biomicrite, and Biomicrosparite Microfacies) and two lithofacies (Mudrock and Sulphates-Rock Lithofacies), in addition to Fine- to Medium-Crystalline Dolomite Lithotype.

The Hartha Formation is evaporitic, possibly with supratidal sabkha deposits. The overlying Tayarat and Shiranish Formations reflect deposition in a warm tropical to subtropical reefal and open marine conditions, as deduced from faunal assemblages.  Some effects of deep marine condition are evident by the presence of Shiranish facies. The sequence represents deposition in the central reef- fore reef area. The absence of isolated back-reef lagoon facies suggests that the reef was patchy without isolation of water in the middle shelf region. However, at the top of the sequence, i.e. at the end of the Cretaceous Period, restricted lagoons seem to have dominated the studied succession.
The Firm’s Performance in Relation to Capital Structure and Foreign Ownership: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Duy Suu , Nguyen Viet Dan , Tran Duc Thanh , Dempsey Michael Joseph
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the impact of capital structure in the context of foreign ownership on firm performance on non-financial companies in Vietnam between 2008 and 2018. The study employs Pooled OLS, Fixed effect, random effect, and Generalized Least Square to analyze the data. The study finds a non-linear relationship of foreign ownership and firm performance, so that the relationship, which is at first a positive one, becomes negative beyond a certain level of foreign ownership (30-45% ownership depending on the measure of performance). This insight is then combined with a generally inverse relationship between capital structure and performance. Besides, we find that the firm’s size (SIZE) has a positive influence on profitability and financial leverage, while both financial leverage (LEV) and the number of listed years of company (AGE) impact negatively on firm performance. Furthermore, growth of sales (GROWTH) has a positive effect on the debt ratio, and growth rate (GDP) has a negative effect on financial leverage. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
RECORDS OF MID-TO-LATE 18TH CENTURY ACADEMIC EXPEDITIONS AS A TOOL FOR CONSTRUCTING IMPERIAL SPACE
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Zagidulina T.A. , Novikova E.O. ,   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev
Published: April 2021

Statement of the problem. The article deals with the problem of constructing the imperial space in Russia in the 18th century through the reports on Academic expeditions. It is about mental geography, ideas about oneself and the Other, center and periphery, colonies and metropolis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of constructing an imperial space through the text of a scientific study. Review of scientific literature on the problem. A lot of both Russian and international studies are devoted to this problem. These are works by E. Said, M. Bassin, T. Roboli, Y. Slezkin, A. Etkind. Methodology (materials and methods). The approach to the analysis of the imperial mental map formation toolkit is interdisciplinary. The work uses the structural and typological method and is grounded on post-structuralist research (M. Foucault). The study was carried out on the basis of reports on the Academic Expeditions of P. Pallas, I. Lepekhin, N. Ozeretskovsky. Research results. Based on the analysis made, it can be concluded that reports become an important link in the construction of a new imperial space, it is in them that ideologically important oppositions are identified: center-periphery, friend-foe, colony-metropolis. The documentary character of the texts maintains maximum objectivity in assessing the representations presented in them.
JOSPT Names 2020 Award Recipients
Authors: Ardern Clare L.
Published: April 2021

During the American Physical Therapy Association's virtual Combined Sections Meeting held throughout the month of February 2021, JOSPT recognized the authors of the most outstanding research manuscript published in the Journal in 2020. The JOSPT Guy G. Simoneau Excellence in Research Award was presented to Fábio Franciscatto Stieven, Giovanni Esteves Ferreira, Matheus Wiebusch, Francisco Xavier de Araújo, Luis Henrique Telles da Rosa, and Marcelo Faria Silva for their August 2020 article, “Dry Needling Combined With Guideline-Based Physical Therapy Provides No Added Benefit in the Management of Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(4):155. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0105
Exercise Is Medicine, But Perhaps Not for Preventing Low Back Pain: A Randomized Trial of Exercise and Education to Prevent Low Back Pain Recurrence
Authors: Ferreira Giovanni E. , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Stevens Matthew L. , Hancock Mark J. , Latimer Jane , Kelly Patrick , Wisbey-Roth Trish , Maher Chris G.
Published: April 2021

Objective

To assess whether an exercise and education program was more effective than an education booklet for preventing recurrence of low back pain (LBP).

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Participants aged 18 years or older who had recovered from an episode of LBP within the previous week were recruited from primary care practices and the community. Participants were randomized to receive either 12 weeks of exercise and education (8 supervised exercise sessions and 3 one-on-one sessions) or a control (education booklet). The primary outcome was time to recurrence of LBP during the 1-year follow-up. Times to recurrence of LBP leading to activity limitation, care seeking, and work absence were secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed with Cox regression using intention-to-treat principles.

Results

We planned to include 160 participants but included 111 (exercise and education, n = 57; educational booklet, n = 54). At the end of the study period, data completeness was 84.2%. Thirty-six (63%) participants in the exercise and education group and 31 (57%) participants in the control group had a recurrence of LBP. There was no statistically significant difference in time to recurrence of pain between groups (hazard ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 1.8). There was no statistically significant effect for any of the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

Among people recently recovered from LBP, exercise and education may not meaningfully reduce risk of recurrence compared to providing an educational booklet. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(4):188–195. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10187
THE POSITION OF QANUN 6 OF 2014 ON JINAYAT LAW TOWARD ACT 11 OF 2012 ON JUVENILE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM RELATED TO CHILD CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT
Authors: Iman Rifqi Qowiyul
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to describe the differences and the position of the legal rules for juvenile crimes between Qanun 6 of 2014 and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.  This research is descriptive qualitative research. The results show that Qanun Number 6 of 2014 also regulates criminal sanctions for children, which are normatively regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012. In addition, Qanun, as Aceh Islamic criminal law legalizes canning punishment for children, as well as the double-track system adopted by The Law of Juvenile Criminal Justice System is not explicitly accommodated in Qanun. Qanun at the level of a Regional Regulation is part of the hierarchy of laws and regulations that should be in line with what generally applies at the national level. Law Number 11 of 2006 is being the basis of the authority to make Qanun, as long as there is no court decision invalidates it, Qanun Number 6 of 2014, which is a derivative of Law Number 11 of 2006, can be declared as "lex specialis" of The Juvenile Criminal Justice System law which regulates child crime. However, it does not rule out the possibility that in the future, the judicial review of the article can be conducted.
Impact of Cognitive Restructuring and Token Economy Techniques on Truancy Reduction among Secondary School Students in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman Afolasade Airat , Uhuegbu Stella Ihuoma
Published: April 2021

This study examined the impact of cognitive restructuring and token economy techniques on the reduction of truancy among secondary school students in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a pre-test, post-test, control group design with a multistage sampling technique as the sampling method. Judgmental sampling technique was used to select two from the six Education Districts in Lagos State, simple random sampling technique was adopted to select six schools; three schools from each of the two Education Districts and 170 truants out of the 216 randomly selected based on the class attendance register completed the study. Truancy Behaviour Questionnaire (TBQ) with a reliability index of .87 was the instrument for the study. Data were analysed and presented with descriptive and ANOVA statistics at .05 level of significance. Findings showed that the two techniques were effective for the reduction of truancy but the token economy technique had a better effect. Sex had no significant effect on the reduction of truancy but females play truants more than males. Based on the findings, the token economy therapy was recommended as an ideal technique for counselling and guiding students against truancy.