bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Filtering Method for the Random Drift of MEMS Gyroscope
Authors: Wang Yu , Xu Yun , Zhu Xin Hua
Published: February 2014

In engineering application, the nonlinearity effect of the environment noise is inconsistent with the successive starting state of MEMS gyroscope which will induce the random drifts. It manifests as the weak nonlinearity, non stability and slow time varying which cannot be compensated by the conventional method. In order to overcome the problems of the great random drift error model established based on the time series for MEMS gyroscope and the non Gaussian noise, the method of Iteration Unscented Kalman Particle Filter (IUKPF) is proposed in this paper. This method is based on the Particle Filter combing the Unscented Transformation (UT) with Iteration Kalman Filter (IKF), and it solved the instability of the precision for the conventional filtering methods and the degradation for the weight of the particle filter. The filtering result shows that the method of IUKPF can effectively restrain the random drift error under nonlinear and non Gaussian noise. The standard deviation for the output noise of MEMS gyroscope has decreased 81.9% by IUKPF which verifies the efficiency and superiority of this method.
Stable Equilibrium Analysis and Simulation Considering Effect of Cutting Fluid Inside and Outside BTA Boring Bar
Authors: Zhao Wu , Jia Wei Tao , Zhang Quan Bin , Hu Zhan Qi
Published: February 2014

This paper is proposed to reveal the stable equilibrium on the boring bar during heavy-duty deep-hole boring trepanning processing environment, including three conditions considering vortex instability caused by outside cutting fluid, perturbation instability caused by inside cutting fluid and synthesized instability accompanied both inner and outer cutting fluid, respectively. Every position of stable equilibrium and formula of rotation speed in instability are obtained. It is shown that the system instability induced by no matter how different situations, is resulted from half frequency vortex and perturbation, through case calculation and simulation on system stability.
Measurement of Residual Stresses in Molded Glass Lenses
Authors: Tao Bo , He Peng , Shen Lian Guan
Published: February 2014

Residual stresses inside molded glass lenses contribute to image quality degradation. In this research, a circular polariscope was employed to investigate the residual stresses inside molded glass lenses. Residual stresses were calculated from optical measurements obtained by using of the circular polariscope. From the measurements both the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in a molded glass lens were obtained.
Dynamic Characteristics of Vibrating Cone Crusher with Dual Exciters Considering Material Effects
Authors: Jiang Jing , Liu Shu Ying , Wen Bang Chun
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the structure, the characteristics and the working principle of vibrating cone crusher with dual exciters were introduced. The hysteretic features of material layers were analyzed. The hysteretic force model with bidirectional symmetrical clearances for the material layer was presented. The mechanical model of two-degree of freedom with bilinear hysteresis and the nonlinear vibration equations of the system were proposed. The equivalent damping and stiffness coefficients of the vibrating system were calculated by asymptotic method. The displacement responses of the system were computed by numerical method and asymptotic method. The results showed that the system responses obtained by an approximate analytical solution were basically identical with the numerical simulation results of the original system.
Research on the Design of Transformer Energy-Saving Model
Authors: Tang Jun , Chen Rong Fang , Deng Xue Feng
Published: February 2014

This paper first studied the parameters and power loss of the transformer, then conducted a thorough analysis of differences in technical parameters of transformer, the rate of active power loss and reactive power consumption rate of transformer change as the load. For the characteristics of large load fluctuations, large loss for a long time in the light-load and no-load operation of the distribution transformer, the paper analyzed and introduced in detail the selection of the economic operation mode of distribution transformer, the interval of economic operation, the load regulation and economic load distribution of the transformer.
Application Study on Multiple Acoustic Paths Intersection in Temperature Field Measurement
Authors: Chen Yan , Xu Ke Bao , Liu Shou Shan
Published: February 2014

Acoustic Pyrometry enables non-intrusive, accurate, reliable gas temperature measurements which can be used for controlling operations on real-time basis, therefore, it particularly applies to hot zones and extremely harsh environments. In the application study on multiple acoustic paths intersection in temperature field measurement, two key techniques that time of flight (TOF) of acoustic waves measurement and temperature field reconstruction were involved. This paper introduces the development of Acoustic Pyrometry, and then focus on two key techniques. The cross-correlation algorithm to calculate the TOF and least-square method for temperature field reconstruction are presented. The advantages and limitations of these techniques are also discussed. Several emerging questions are proposed.
Design of a Sorting and Conveying Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Wang Yu Lin , Ji Zheng , Huang Kuan , Tao Wei Jun , Feng Hu Tian , Tong Yi Fei
Published: February 2014

The wheeled mobile robot has been widely used in various fields nowadays. Combining with a contest of mobile robot used for sorting and conveying objects, this paper designed a non-tracking wheeled mobile robot, which can move according to a reasonable route planned beforehand. First, the overall schematic design of mobile robot was introduced. Then the mechanical design and the circuit system design were discussed in detail. Last, the strategy of sorting and conveying was studied, and the innovative rotary-wheel mechanism can greatly simplify the sorting and conveying strategy. Through experiment verified, the proposed wheeled mobile robot can quickly achieve sorting and conveying according to preplanned paths.
Development of Electromagnetic Unmanned Robot Applied to Automotive Test
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Wei Gong
Published: February 2014

A novel electromagnetic unmanned robot applied to automotive test (URAT) based on the conversion principle of electric-magnetic-force is proposed. Electromagnetic URAT adopts electromagnetic linear motor (EMLM) as its drive mechanism. The mechanical system structure and the control system structure of electromagnetic URAT are designed. The coordinated control method of multiple manipulators is given. Experiments are performed using a Ford FOCUS car. Experimental results shows that electromagnetic URAT can smoothly achieve starting, acceleration, shifting, steady speed and deceleration. The overshoot of speed tracking control during transition from the acceleration stage to steady stage is small. Moreover, the speed fluctuation at the steady stage is smooth, and the speed control accuracy can meet the requirements of national test standards. The robot can automatically drive different vehicle models instead of human driver without need of any automobile modification.
Cascade Control of a Pneumatic Servo Positioning System Using Neural Networks
Authors: Gervini Vitor Irigon , Perondi Eduardo André
Published: February 2014

This paper deals with the nonlinear control of pneumatic servo positioners. It is proposed the use of a neural network technique associated with a nonlinear cascade control strategy, as a means of bypassing strong difficulties common to the practical implementation of model based strategies in pneumatic systems control. Such difficulties are associated to the precise plant identification that, in the case of pneumatic servo positioners, is usually very complex and hard to find. The experimental results of position tracking control presented in the paper allow us to conclude that the neural network technique applied in this work can avoid the need of execution of time expensive experiments usually required to perform precise identification of the plant characteristics used in model based control strategies for pneumatic servo positioners.
Design of a Beverage-Sale Service Robot
Authors: Liu Fang , Shen Chang Qing , Liu Yong Bin , Kong Fan Rang
Published: February 2014

Service robots are increasing significantly, as they are playing a key role in our city-life. This paper depicts the system design of a beverage-sale robotic system named BSR. BSR can sale beverage such as Coca Cola, beers and Sprite to the clients automatically, working as a human seller. The robotic system can also play the role of a casher doing cash in and check out. In this paper, the hardware design including the mechanical structure and the electrical system are introduced firstly. Then, the control strategy is proposed. BSR has been exhibited in a science museum in China and it is well welcomed by the audiences.
A Guiding Robot for Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Based on Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Meng Cai Ru , Wang Nan , Li Qiang , Li Xian An , Liu Qing Yang , Gao Peng
Published: February 2014

Nowadays, surgical robot has been the research hot spot of the interdisciplinary which includes medical science and robotics field. Surgical robot not only can complete complicated and repetitive work in the radiation and other environment as the substitute of doctor, but also expand doctors capacity of perception and operation, enhancing the operation precision and safety. This paper is based on a three freedom parallel manipulator and considers the characteristics of minimally invasive spinal surgery to design a guiding robot. In this article , the theoretical analysis about kinematics and dynamics is done and the analytic equation is established. The solution to the equation is derived by MATLAB toolboxes. The physical prototype is made based on the solution, the properties of physical prototype are measured and the feasibility of the design is verified.
Research of the Architecture of the Flexible Assembly Line Based on the Extension Method and Multi-Agent
Authors: Gao Le , Xiong Feng , Du Jiang Bo , Yu Tao
Published: February 2014

With the combination of the extension method and multi-agent, the assemble process of the motor and its subassembly was analyzed to build the corresponding Agent and multi-Agent System model; The architecture of the flexible assembly line was established based on the established model. Finally, with the technology of fieldbus and industrial control, a flexible assembly line control system was developed based on the Profibus-DP and it provided the effective solution for the combination of theory and practical application and the applicable model for the establishment of the architecture of the flexible assembly line.
Sensor Arrangement Optimization of Wearable Model in Magnetic Localization System
Authors: Wang Wen Hu , Hu Chao , Lin Wei Xing , Bao Jian Meng
Published: February 2014

A magnetic localization and orientation system is used to track the movement of the capsule endoscope during the gastrointestinal examination process. The system is made of a magnetic sensors array collecting the intensity of the magnetic field from a magnet in the capsule. In this paper, we try to optimize the sensor arrangement of wearable model that likes elliptical cylinder around the human body, to improve the tracking precision. Different sensor arrangement schemes are evaluated, and the tracking accuracy can be significantly increased with the appropriate arrangement. In addition, we presented a real time localization algorithm to compute uncertain 3D locus for estimating the tracing performance of the capsule.
A Parallel Connection-Simulation Paradigm of Intelligent Robot - Based on Integrated Control of Language, Music and Motion Rhythm by Human Brain
Authors: He Dan , Zhang Xu Guang
Published: February 2014

In light of the integrated control of language, music and motion rhythm by human brain, the paper proposes a preliminary scheme to overcome a long-standing obstacle in the design paradigm of contemporary intelligent robot, i.e., by employing a set of simulated rhythm sensing systems and without changing the hard drive capacity, it offers a solution to the contradiction between synchronization of perception, planning and execution and excessive calculation task, thus fulfilling the long dream of "bottleneck breaking through"
Modeling a Compact Sintering Process Based on Biomass Fuels
Authors: de Castro Jose Adilson , Ferreira Alexandre Furtado , de Camps Marcos Flavio , Ferreira Ivaldo Leão
Published: February 2014

This paper is focused on the numerical simulation of a new technology of small size iron ore sintering machine using gaseous fuel and oxygen injections to produce high quality of sinter product for the blast furnace operation. The proposed methodology is to partially replace the solid fuel (coke breeze) by steelworks gases in a compact machine to enhance heat and mass transfer. A multiphase mathematical model based on transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species coupled with chemical reaction rates and phase transformations is proposed to analyze the inner process parameters. A base case representing a possible actual industrial operation of the sintering machine is used in order to compare different scenarios of possible operations which represents advanced operations techniques. The model was used to predict four cases of fuel gas utilization: a) 3% of the wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 wind boxes of natural gas (NG) and oxygen, b) same condition with coke oven gas (COG) and c) mixture of 80% COG and 20% blast furnace gas (BFG). The model predictions indicated that for all cases, the sintering zone is enlarged and the solid fuel consumption is decreased about 12kg/t of sinter product for the best combination. In order to maximize the steelworks gas utilization it is recommended the use of mixture of COG and BFG with optimum inner temperature distribution within a compact sintering machine, which enhance the productivity and obviously, decrease the investment cost of the sintering facilities.
A Denoising Method Based on EEMD and Interval-Thresholding Strategy
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Yang Xing Man , Chen Gang
Published: February 2014

As a conventional signal denoising method, wavelet thresholding denoising has problems including selection of basis vectors and poor denoising effect. EMD is an expansion of basis functions that are signal-dependent, but with the problem of mode mixing. In order to solve these problems, a denoising method based on EEMD and interval-thresholding strategy, an adaptive signal processing method is proposed, which can achieve good effects for signal denoising. Firstly, investigated signal is decomposed into IMFs by EEMD adaptively. Then, each IMF is denoising by interval-thresholding method based on sparse code shrinkage. Lastly, the denoised signal is reconstructed by denoised IMFs. Moreover, the presented method is validated by numerical simulation experiment.
Signal Processing Methods for Improvement of Environmental Perception of Persons with Deafblindness
Authors: Parivash Ranjbar
Published: February 2014

Environmental perception is a functional area that is severely limited in persons with deafblindness (DB) who belong a category of people with severe disabilities. Monitor is a vibratory aid developed with the aim to improve environmental perception of persons with DB. The aid consists of a mobile phone with an application connected to a microphone and vibrator. Monitor picks up the sounds produced by events by microphone, processes the sound using an algorithm programmed as an application in the mobile phone and then presents the signal via the vibrator to the persons with DB to be sensed and interpreted. In previous laboratory studies, four algorithms (AM, AMMC, TR, and TRHA) were developed based on modulating, and transposing principles. The algorithms were tested by persons with normal hearing/hearing impairment and selected as good candidates to improve vibratory identification of environmental sounds. In this on-going the algorithms are tested by 13 persons with congenital D and five persons with DB using Monitor in a realistic environment, living room, kitchen or office. Forty five recorded environmental sounds were used as test stimuli.
The subjects tested the algorithms two times, Test and Retest each including a test session initiated by a training session. The four algorithms were tested in four days at Test and four days at Retest in total eight test days. Each test day began with a training session where a sound was presented as vibrations to be sensed by the person with the aim to remember its pattern and identity. The 45 sounds were grouped in four groups where an specific algorithm was chosen to process an specific sound group in a specific day. At the test session a sound was presented and the person was given 5 randomly chosen sound alternatives to choose the one as represented sound. The algorithms were different for different sound groups during four different test days so all algorithms were used to process all sounds. The algorithms were tested a second time, Retest, in same way as in Test.
The mean value of identification of environmental sounds varied between 74.6% and 84.0% at Test and between 86.9% and 90.4% at Retest. The identification results at Retest were significantly improved (p<0.01) for all algorithms after a relatively short time of training indicating a good learning effect. At Test the algorithm AM was significantly better than the algorithms AMMC and TRHA (p< 0.01) and the algorithm TR was better than TRHA (p<0.01).
The algorithms AM, AMMC, and TR were selected as good candidates to be implemented in the Monitor to improve environmental perception.
Real World Design Challenge (RWDC) – An Overview
Authors: Khalid Adeel , Terwilliger Brent , Coppola Anthony , Marion Jim , Ison David , Shepherd Andrew , Sanders Brian
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the Real World Design Challenge (RWDC) competition is discussed in detail. This paper highlights the need, history, and approach taken for the design of the challenge. The authors discuss how this challenge promotes Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and provides opportunities for high school students to acquire knowledge and experience beyond their traditional curriculum. The challenge is based around a real world problem. Students are asked to work in teams to find feasible solutions for the identified problem. The process for developing the challenge, student engagement, learning opportunities, student evaluations, publicity and recruitment efforts, design objective and timeline, and assessment metrics are some of the topics discussed. In this paper, the lessons learned from developing and running the challenge are also addressed.
The Optimization Model of Gas-Fired Distributed Generation Networking Price Design
Authors: Tan Zhong Fu , Liu Hai Bo , He Pu Yu , Li Huan Huan , Deng Chuang
Published: February 2014

Coal-fired distributed generation has accounted more and more for the power generation year by year. So it has attracted a great many people to start a research on it. This paper emphasizes the importance of coal-fired generation when networking by overcoming the disadvantage of traditional generation and long-distance transmission. In corresponding, this paper makes the optimization model of gas-fired distributed generation networking price design. This model is based on the minimum capacity and energy cost to maximize the economic effects. Finally combined with this, an example is given to show.
Wind Power and Pumped Storage Power Joint Operation Benefits Evaluation Model Based on Life-Cycle Theory
Authors: Sun Lei , Li Huan Huan , He Pu Yu , Tan Zhong Fu
Published: February 2014

Based on Life-cycle analysis theory, this paper established a wind, thermal and pumped storage power joint operation benefits evaluation model. The life cycle of energy generation joint operation is divided into four stages, including initial investment, project construction, operation and residual value recovery stages.The participation of hydro power generation can increase the amount of wind power generation and network capacity, and reduce thermal power generation amount.It can reduce abandoned wind, improving wind farm income and reduce coal consumption and pollutant emissions at the same time, and reducing the cost of purchasing electricity of the grid.
Review of Optimal Design of Accelerated Life Testing
Authors: Luo Geng , Mu Xi Hui , Niu Yue Ting , Chen Jian Hua
Published: February 2014

optimal design of accelerated life testing is an important branch in accelerated life testing (ALT) and is a focus of research both for statisticians and reliability engineers. The paper outlines the concept of optimal design of ALT then summarizes and analyzes the the basic ideas of optimal design of ALT. It gives a general review of ways for optimal design of ALT, and points out some possible directions in optimal design of ALT, giving some suggestions for further study.
Friction and Wear of Jatropha curcas Oil Using a Four Balls Tester
Authors: Figueroa M. , García E. , Hernández E.A. Gallardo , Vite-Torres M.
Published: February 2014

Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) is a good option as renewable energy for biodiesel and as lubricant feedstock. In México, the JCO is widely distributed in more than 15 states. This work describes the characterisation of Jatropha curcas oil as additive in engine oil (EO) blended mixtures. The EO and JCO were separately tested using a four balls test rig at 100%. The JCO was added and mixed as an additive to the EO too at 5%-95%, 10%-90%, 15%-85%, 20%-80%, and 50%-50%. The results have shown a steady friction coefficient for the testes carried out at different loads for the different mixtures. The friction coefficients were lower compare to the friction coefficients from the oil engine. Nevertheless, the wear scars were bigger when JCO was used. The results from the oil mixtures showed good potential for the JCO to be used as an additive.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of Un-Doped Diamond Thin Film
Authors: Kit Ong Wai , bin Deraman Karim , Wan Shamsuri Wan Nurulhuda , Yik Jackie Chen Keng
Published: February 2014

Un-doped diamond thin films were deposited at various substrate temperatures (from 300 °C to 500 °C) onto glass substrates by using direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (DC-PECVD) system. The fabricated films were having amorphous phase which shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has discovered that the RMS surface roughness and the thickness which were obtained in the range of 0.69 nm to 1.67 nm and 4.8 nm to 0.83 nm, respectively as increasing substrate temperatures. From UV visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), it was found that the optical transition had changed from forbidden indirect transition to allowed indirect transition as the substrate temperature increased. The optical band gaps were increased (3.14 eV, 3.93 eV and 4.09 eV) when the substrate temperatures increased. Hence, the higher the substrate temperatures, the larger the cluster size and RMS surface roughness and result in decreasing of films thickness and increasing the optical band gap.
Altitude and Attitude Control of a Trirotor UAV
Authors: Khairuddin Ismail Mohd , Majeed Anwar P.P.A. , Lim Ann , Mohd Razman Mohd Azraai , Jaafar Abdul Aziz
Published: February 2014

This paper outlines the dynamic modelling as well as the attitude and altitude control of a rotary based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A multirotor vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAVs, namely Trirotor aircraft is investigated. In essence the the trirotor model consists of three DC motors equipped with three fixed pitch angle rotors without the aid of a swashplate. The mathematical modelling of this multirotor is governed by the Newton-Euler formulation. A classical control algorithm viz. heuristic (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID tuning was adopted in the attitude and altitude control of this particular multirotor configuration. It was established from the Simulink simulations that, a PD controller was suffice to control the attitude whilst PID was apt for controlling the altitude of this form of multirotor.
Analysis on the Optimal Geometrical Parameters of Topology Power Optimized Coil Based on a Cylindrical Magnet for Vibration-Based Electromagnetic Energy Harvester
Authors: Isa Wan Hasbullah Mohd , Ishak Ismayuzri
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the analysis on geometrical parameters of the power-optimized coil based on Faradays principle by maximizing the coverage of magnetic flux linkage by the coil using a cylindrical permanent magnet of 6 mm diameter and 6 mm height. Faradays law states that induced voltage is the rate of change of flux linkage, meaning more winding induces more voltage. However it will increase also the resistance of the coil because the length of copper wire will also increase, which will reduce the generated power and power-density by the harvester according to Joules and Ohms laws. Simulation is used to virtually wind the inner and outer geometrical parameters of the coil using the given boundaries and the dimensions with highest output power are determined. The proposed form of the coil is cap-like shape which covers top half of the magnet where the amount of surrounding magnetic flux linkage is maximal. The result showed the induced power could be improved up to 60% using this method compared to usage of conventional ring-shaped coils.
Review on Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS): Concept and Optimization
Authors: Munira Ali , Jaafar Nur Najmiyah , Fazilah Abdul Aziz , Nooraizedfiza Z.
Published: February 2014

This paper is to provide literature review of the Non Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) formulation in the curve and surface constructions. NURBS curves and surfaces have a wide application in Computer Aided Geometry Design (CAGD), Computer Aided Design (CAD), image processing and etc. The formulation of NURBS showing that NURBS curves and surfaces requires three important parameters in controlling the curve and also modifying the shape of the curves and surfaces. Yet, curves and surfaces fitting are still the major problems in the geometrical modeling. With this, the researches that have been conducted in optimizing the parameters in order to construct the intended curves and surfaces are highlighted in this paper.
The Development of Green Innovation Measurement Based on Inter Rater Agreement Approach: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Noor Aslinda Abu Seman , Norhayati Mohmad Zakuan , Jusoh Ahmad , Arif Mohd Shoki Md , Bahari Ahamad Zaidi , Zaidin Norzaidahwati , Saman Muhamad Zameri Mat
Published: February 2014

The rising of environmental concerns from customers, buyers, communities, and government regulations have forced company to implement innovative and proactive corporate environmental management such as green supply chain management (GSCM) and green innovation. The aim of the paper is to discuss on the development of green innovation measurement. The data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey from two experts. The data are analyzed using Inter Rater Agreement. The findings show the kappa value is above 80 percent which indicates the perfect agreement between both of the raters on the proposed measurements for green marketing innovation and reverse logistics innovation. By including these two constructs into existing green innovation activity, it is possible to show the complete picture of green innovation to increase the performance of GSCM.
Integrating Reliability Analysis in Life Cycle Cost Estimation of Heat Exchanger and Pump
Authors: Mulubrhan FRESELAM , Mokhtar Ainul Akmar , Muhammad Masdi
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a mathematical model to estimate the life cycle cost (LCC) of heat exchanger and pump. Maintenance cost, down time cost and acquisition costs are calculated. The main uncertainty in calculating these costs are prediction of number of failure and cumulative down time. Number of failure is determined using failure and repair time density function. According to the characteristic that the cumulative failure probability observed, a Weibull distribution model is used. The scale and shape parameters of the Weibull are extracted from the published data. The results of the study show that 71.3% loss in the reliability of heat exchanger and 34.2% reliability loss in pump could lead to 66.2 % increment of the total cost. The reliability of the system decreases because of number of failures will increase each year, and this failure leads to unavailability of the system.Therefore in order to achieve higher system effectiveness and reduce the total LCC, the reliability of the systems need to be increased through proper maintenance policies and strategies. The results of the study could assist the managers to make decision with high degree of accuracy.
Review of Lean Adoption within Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Pooyan Bareji , Napsiah Ismail , Zulkiflle Leman
Published: February 2014

Lean management approach acts as the role model, which is based on eliminating waste, can play a vital role in competitive trend to assist manufacturers by economizing their resources with higher productivity. Recently lean philosophy creates opportunity for redesigning and leading Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to survive within dynamic market environment. This paper reviewed current studies on lean adoption within SMEs. The aim of this paper highlights challenges and cultural gaps of studies through implementing lean in SMEs. Two critical successful factors (organizational culture, and leadership style) were found which could help to assess the level of maturity of lean SMEs.
Prioritizing Lean Manufacturing Practices in Small to Medium Enterprises by Applying TOPSIS in Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Yamchello Hamed Tamjid , Samin R. , Tamjidyamcholo Alireza , Rashidi Alireza
Published: February 2014

Due to the globalization most of the Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are faced with a lot of pressure to survive. To overcome these pressures, Lean Production System could be very helpful to SMEs. In this research we want to highlight how it can help SMEs, identify limitations to implement lean manufacturing in SMEs and finally prioritize lean practices for implementing in SMEs. For this aim, TOPSIS method in fuzzy environment was applied. Twenty two lean practices which identified by Shah and Ward in 2003 [10] is used as the most suitable lean practices for implementing lean production. Then the barriers of implementing lean production in SMEs identified. An example is provided to illustrate finding of this study. In this study, the barriers of implementing lean production in SMEs were highlighted. It has strived to illustrate the applicability of Multi Criteria Decision Making method in lean production and SMEs. Finally, the result which is the ranked practices of lean production could help managers of SMEs to choose the most suitable practices of lean associated with less risk.
Influence of Workpiece Shape on MRR and EWR in EDM of Steel
Authors: Nanimina Alexis Mouangue , Rani Ahmad Majdi Abdul , Lajis Mohd Amri , Ginta Turnad Lenggo , Rao T.V.V.L.N.
Published: February 2014

Shape of workpiece, electrode orientation and flushing system play important role in electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. Low material removal rate and relatively high electrode wear ratio are some of the disadvantages of EDM process. This can be due to the flushing modes. Workpiece shape has a significant effect in effectiveness of dielectric flushing flow and orientation during EDM process. This research work is conducted to analyze the influence of various workpiece shapes. Square cavity, L shape, flat shape and U shape were machined with same cross-section electrode material. Test parameters are material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear ratio (EWR). Experiment results show slight difference in MRR and EWR values for different shapes. U shape presents the highest MRR and the lowest EWR occurs in flat shape compared to cavity and L shapes. It can be concluded that flat and U shapes result in good EDM machining quality due to good dielectric flow and flushing conditions in the area of EDM machining.
Tool Life and Flank Wear of Physical Vapour Deposited TiAlN Multilayer Coated Carbide End Mill Inserts when Machining AISI D2 Hardened Steel under Dry Cutting Condition
Authors: Hosni Nor Ain Jamil , Lajis Mohd Amri , Rafai Noor Hakim
Published: February 2014

This study investigates the tool wear of PVD TiAlN multilayer coated end mill inserts when machining AISI D2 hardened steel in dry conditions. The experiment tests consisting three levels of cutting speed, Vc (80, 100, 120 m/min) and three levels of radial depth of cut, ae (3, 4, 5 mm) was used for the study. The PVD TiAlN coated carbide insert performs satisfactory under the conditions tested, as reasonable tool life is recorded. By linking the machining tests and tool life curves, the wear behaviour of the coated insert was described. It is observed that wear of the tool mainly occurred on the flank wear. Tool life decreasing and volume material removal (VMR) increasing as cutting speed and radial depth of cut increased due to higher temperature generated and contact area immerse, respectively. Tool failure modes and wear mechanisms were examined at various cutting parameters. Built-up edge (BUE), groove and micro-chipping were found to be the predominant tool failure modes for cutting tools. The highest volume material removal, VMR attained was 3750 mm3, meanwhile the higest tool life, TL was 9.69 min.The combination of cutting conditions that gave the best response for different components of tool wear, tool life and surface integrity.
Effect of Portland Cement on Moisture Resistance of Gneiss Based HMA
Authors: Chen Zong Wu , Wang Peng , Zhou Xin Xing , Wu Shao Peng
Published: February 2014

The rapid development of expressway construction has imposed huge pressure on the supply of superior aggregates in China. Gneiss rarely gets applied in pavement construction due to its weak adhesion with asphalt binder. Adhesion strength is directly related to moisture resistance of asphalt mixture. Therefore the main objective of this research was to estimate the effect of composite filler, consist of limestone powder and Portland cement with different proportions, on moisture resistance of gneiss based hot mix asphalt mixture (HMA). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was applied to determine average chemical composition of raw materials. The effects of composite fillers on moisture resistance were carried out by immerged Marshall test and tensile strength ratio test. Results show that Portland cement significantly improves moisture resistance of gneiss based HMA.
Effects of Steel Wool Distribution on Properties of Porous Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Liu Quan Tao , Wu Shao Peng
Published: February 2014

An unravelling porous asphalt concrete was developed by adding steel wool and heating it with induction energy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the steel wool distribution on the properties of this unravelling porous asphalt concrete. The mixture was mixed for 10 min, 12 min, 15 min or 20 min respectively, and then samples were prepared with a gyratory compactor. The steel wool distribution at different mixing time was compared with CT scanning analysis. The electrical resistance, indirect tensile strength and induction heating speed of samples with different mixing time were also studied. It was found that a better distribution of steel wool in porous asphalt concrete increased its indirect tensile strength, but decreased its electrical conductivity and induction heating speed. 15 min mixing is sufficient to disperse steel wool to a homogenous distribution.
Effects of Various Rejuvenator Sealer Materials on Rheological Properties of Aged SBS Modified Asphalt
Authors: Zeng Wen Bo , Wan Li , Peng Zi Qiang , Cui Pei Qiang , Wu Shao Peng
Published: February 2014

In recent years, using rejuvenator sealer materials (RSMs) to recover the performance of aged asphalt on the pavement is becoming more and more popular. In this paper, four different RSMs were made and applied to rejuvenate the aged asphalt which experienced a PAV 20H process. Then the dynamic rheological characteristics of different binders were tested by the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR).The results indicated that the four RSM can recover the stress relaxation and fatigue factor of aged asphalt. But the rutting parameter decreased with the introduction of four RSMs.
Feasibility Research on Superpave Gyratory Compactor Method Design Mix of Stone Mastic Asphalt
Authors: Cui Wei Ping , Chen Lei , Yu Zhi Xin , Qin Li Juan
Published: February 2014

This paper analyzed the limitation of the stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture designing methods in China, then the Superpave Gyratory Compactor(SGC) method for SMA mixture where designing applicable and feasibility was analyzed, and SGC method was introduced to promote the application in SMA mixture design. It is found that the compaction work determined by the SGC design procedure was remarkably increased compared to that by Marshall design when the number of gyrations is 100. It is recommended that the number of gyrations should be decreased instead of 100 when SGC is used to design SMA mixture in China.
Influence of Ultraviolet Irradiation Quantity on Asphalt Rheological Performance
Authors: Jiang Cheng Jian , Li Bao Quan , Wang Ya Jun , Wang Jing Cai
Published: February 2014

The DSR was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultraviolet aging on asphalt rheological performance. In the experiment, RTFOT test was used to simulate the short-term aging of asphalt binder, indoor intelligent ultraviolet aging box is used to simulate ultraviolet aging of asphalt. The aging temperature was set at 50 ��C. Aging days were 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days. For high temperature frequency scanning and low temperature frequency scanning of ultraviolet aging asphalt. The experimental results show that the ultraviolet aging have great influence on asphalt basic performance indicators and rheological properties.
Investigation of Anti-UV Aging of Bitumen Modified with Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Jia Xiao Juan , Yu Jian Ying , Xu Song , Dan Wei , Xue Li Hui
Published: February 2014

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were used to modify bitumen. Effect of LDHs on physical properties and chemical compositions of bitumen was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to analyze the structural change of LDHs modified bitumen after UV aging. The results show that LDHs is effective in improving the UV aging resistance of bitumen since the viscosity aging index (VAI) and softening point increment (SPI) of bitumen decrease while the retained penetration ratio (RPR) increases with increasing LDHs contents. The carbonyl and sulfoxide of LDHs modified bitumen presented a smaller increase after UV aging in comparison with unmodified bitumen according to FTIR analysis, and the changing rate of carbonyl and sulfoxide index of aromatics and asphaltenes reduced obviously compared with the slight changes of saturates and resins after the introduction of LDHs during UV aging, which demonstrated that LDHs mainly inhibit the oxidation of aromatics and asphaltenes during the UV aging.
Microwave Heating of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Sun Yi Han , Liu Quan Tao , Wu Shao Peng , Shang Fei
Published: February 2014

In this research, the potential of using steel slag asphalt mixture as a self-healing material was investigated by means of microwave heating. The microwave heating rate and thermal conductivity of asphalt mixtures were tested respectively. The result shown that, the heating rate of steel slag asphalt mixtures is approximately two times faster than limestone asphalt mixtures. While its thermal conductivity is slightly lower. It is concluded that microwave heating can be used to promote self-healing of steel slag asphalt mixture.
Research on Cement Concrete Bridge Asphalt Pavement Compaction Technology
Authors: Ying Xiao Meng , Zhang Deng Feng , Li Qin Yong , Meng Lin Chun
Published: February 2014

Based on influence of bridge structure caused by vibrating compaction and the properties of road roller, the combination of vibrating compaction and rubber-tyred kneading rolling can ensure the construction quality of cement concrete bridge deck asphalt mixture surfacing. It can guarantee the smoothness of asphalt mixture surfacing and avoid the shortage of compaction.
Research on Preparation and High Temperature Behavior of High-Modulus Asphalt
Authors: Han Jun , Gu Quan Feng , Wu Shu Xiang , Zhou De Hong , Huang Zhi Yi
Published: February 2014

An unanticipated sideeffect of China’s developing economy was the increase in heavy road trafficvehicles utilizing high pressure tires on both new and old infrastructure.Today the extent of rutting has become one of the main forms of asphalt road surfacebreakage. To improve the robustness and high temperature properties of roadsurfacing asphalt, a new high-modulus material has been developed and used tomodify normal road petroleum asphalt. The results from laboratory experimentsconducted at the Jiangsu Baoli Asphalt Co., LTD and real road trials inPeople's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Shanghai, Shanxi and Jiangsu provincein China, indicate that the high-modulus asphalt performed significantly betterat higher-temperatures when compared to samples of more commonly used asphaltmixtures. The high-modulus additive (No. ZQ-1) was prepared in Jiangsu BaoliAsphalt Co. LTD, and the basic production process, the basic properties as wellas the effection to base bitumen was analysed in the paper. And the DynamicStability was evaluated using an automated rut-depth measuring system. Thewater stability and low temperature properties were also discussed. Themodified asphalt material has comparable storage and usage costs to existingutilized asphalts though with enhanced high-temperature properties.
Application on Fiber-Enhanced Asphalt Mixture in Surface Layer of Large Longitudinal Slope Pavement of Xi-Sang Highway
Authors: Zhang Chun Gang , Xie Yan Jun , Meng Lin Chun , Li Qin Yong
Published: February 2014

This paper investigated into the application of fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture in surface layer of the large longitudinal slope pavement of Xi-Sang Highway. Asphalt mixture with and without polyester fiber were used. Focus is on resistance of deformation at high temperature and flexibility at low temperature. Fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture with dynamic stability above 7000 passes/mm indicated excellent rutting resistance. The high temperature dynamic modulus of fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture was much higher than conventional SBS modified asphalt mixture. Three-point blending test result indicated that the maximum flexural strain of fiber-enhance asphalt mixture reached 4180μm/m. It was concluded that fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture was suit to be used in surface layer of the large longitudinal slope pavement of Xi-Sang Highway.
Effect of Modified Metakaolin on Water Content of Hardened Cementitious Materials of Concrete
Authors: Wang Kang , Zhang Yu Ping , Cao Ting Wei , Zhang Jie , Shui Zhong He
Published: February 2014

The effect of modified metakaolin (MMK) on the evaporable water and chemically bound water content of hardened cementitious materials have been investigated. Concrete specimens with 0%, 4%, 7% and 10% of MMK were included. Metakaolin was pre-modified in order to increase the dispersion and contact angle, which might further improve the workability of the concrete. The experimental results showed that both the evaporable water and bound water were increased with the increasing of the MMK content. MMK has a special layered structure. Water can get into the layers through this special layer during the mixing of concrete specimens. Part of MMK with water between the layers didn’t participate in the hydration reaction at the early stage of the hydration, which increased the evaporable water of the cementious materials. The water absorbed in MMK will be released to promote the formation of hydration products and thus the chemically bound water content will increase continuously at the later stages. It also reduced the autogenous shrinkage of the specimens which caused by the decrease of water in capillary pores at low water cement ratio (0.3).
Study on Technological Conditions of Red Mud-Coal Gangue Lightweight Pottery Sand
Authors: Zhang Dong Mei , Yan Jian Hua , Cui Su Ping , Yang Ren Hai , Pang Bao Xue , Bai Xiao Qiang
Published: February 2014

The technological conditions for preparation of red mud-coal gangue lightweight pottery sand were studied. The formulation of the lightweight pottery sand was determined by comparing the sintering images. The results indicated that as to the mixture of red mud and coal gangue, the expansion temperature of mixture decreased with increasing the content of red mud. The composition of 30% red mud and 70% coal gangue was determined to have the best expanding performance in this study and selected. The optimal technological conditions of lightweight pottery sand was systematically studied through orthogonal experiment method and accordingly the lightweight pottery sand with bulk density of 617.89kg/m3, water absorption of 0.14%, the single particle compressive strength of 2.95MPa, the softening coefficient of 0.98 was successfully prepared with the selected composition after preheated at 550°C for 20 min and then sintered at 1300°C for 20min.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Preparation of OMMT-Based Composite Phase Change Materials Used in Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Leng Bin Bin , Chen Mei Zhu , Zheng Shao Ping , Wu Shao Peng
Published: February 2014

With the global warming, phase change materials are being expected to be applied in asphalt pavement to help lower its surface temperature. In this study, a kind of composite phase change material was prepared and its technique parameters were optimized through theoretical analysis and experimental study. A solid-liquid phase change material, with melt point of 43°C and phase transition heat of 161.6J/g, was used as core. The organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) was used as a carrier and can prevent leakage of the melted phase change materials. The results showed that the ratio of OMMT to lauric acid was 2.6:1, and the melting temperature and time were 74°Cand 1.5hours, respectively. The composite phase change material prepared in this study had the phase transition latent heat of 36.168J/g and the transition temperature of 40.094°C. And the experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis.
Life Cycle Assessment of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Block
Authors: Zhao Li Li , Liu Yu , Wang Zhi Hong , Cui Jia Ping , Jiang Quan , Ma Li Ping , Fang Ming Hui
Published: February 2014

The environmental impact of lightweight aggregate concrete block, which use fly ash ceramic, was analyzed. The results show that AP and GWP are the most significant environmental impact categories accounting for 30% and 25% of the total environmental impact respectively. The results also show that, in different life cycle phases, the environmental load of the lightweight aggregate concrete block is mainly caused by the production of cement, which accounts for 42% of the total environmental impact.
Research on Homogeneity of Expanded Perlite Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Yang Ping , Zhao Wei Xia , Yang Jin Chao , Liu Li , Cao Mian Li
Published: February 2014

This paper discusses the reason of segregation of expanded perlite lightweight aggregate concrete. By adding fly ash, high effective admixture, the expanded perlite pre-wetting and so on,the expanded perlite lightweight concrete,CL5-CL10,was confect with good workability, homogeneity, no bleeding and segregation, easy casting and excavation.