bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENENTUAN INTERVAL WAKTU PERAWATAN MESIN INJECTION MOULDING MENGGUNAKAN METODE RCM DI PT “X”
Authors: Muhtadi Alfian , Puspitasari Etik
Published: April 2022

In the industrialized world, product is the main of a production process that forms a production process system. In order to a system of production process running continuesly, need a maintenance of the equipment and production machines. The machine maintenance is needed to minimize the damage of machine then the machine can be used for a long time. The purpose of the study is to calculate the reliability value in which the interval time of maintenance will be determined so that it can support the reliability of the tool. Method of the study uses the RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance) to solve machine maintenance problems that often occur at PT “X”. RCM method has the advantage of defining a machine focused maintenance program and avoids unnecessary maintenance activities by specifying appropriate maintenance intervals. This study also presents qualitative data in the form of FMEA analysis (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) and quantitative data in the form of determining reliability values and determining maintenance time intervals which provide a solution for PT. “X”.The result of the study, reliability value of the MJM-JLB-HQ Injection Moulding Machine is 0.9183 at 12 hours, VICTOR Injection Moulding is 0.9243 at 4 hours, and the reliability value of MJM-JLB 198-HQ Mould is 0.5125 at 96 hours, VICTOR's Mould is 0.5063 at 72 hours. For the results of maintenance interval to keep the value of reliability not going down below 0.9 is 12 hours for MJM-JLB198-HQ Injection Molding Machines, then 4 hours for VICTOR Injection Moulding Machines. The result maintenance interval analysis of mould with reliability not going down below the value of 0.5 is 96 hours on MJM-JLB198-HQ Injection Moulding Machine, and 72 hours at VICTOR Injection Moulding Machine.
PENGARUH ORIENTASI SERAT DAN WAKTU ALKALISASI PADA LAMINATES COMPOSITE POLYESTER-SERAT BEMBAN (DONAX CANNIFORMIS) TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENDING, IMPACT DAN BENTUK PATAHAN
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Basyir Achmad Azhar , Andy Nugraha Andy Nugraha
Published: April 2022

Plant Bemban (Donax canniformis) is one of the plants that is often found in the swamp area of South Kalimantan that grows wildly on the roadside and around the home garden. The purpose of this study is to find out how large the bending strength and composite impact is reinforced with bemban fiber with polyester matrix with variations in fiber orientation and alkalization time. The method is done by alkalizing the banana fiber with 4% NaOH solution with a variation of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The process of making composites with 3 layers varies the direction of fiber A (0°,45°,90°), B (45°,90°,0°), C (90°,45°,0°) and the method used is how to hand lay up. Broken photos after testing using macro photo observations. The results showed that the specimens with the highest immersion time of 30 minutes for bending with variations A (0°,45°,90°) of 112.24 MPa and the lowest at 60 minutes with variation C (90°,45°,0°) amounting to 12.67 MPa. Price impact (HI) is highest at 60 minutes immersion time with variations A (0°,45°,90°) of 0.0208 joule/mm2 and the lowest at 30 minutes immersion time with variation C (90°,45°,0°) of 0.0115 joules/mm2.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KERAWANAN DAN MITIGASI BANJIR PERKOTAAN DI KECAMATAN PULAU LAUT UTARA KABUPATEN KOTABARU
Authors: Azhar Irwan , Afyat Widy
Published: April 2022

Several efforts are needed in dealing with urban flood disasters to minimize the potential for large losses for the community. By mapping and knowing the pattern of flood distribution, this study was also built to determine the urban flood disaster mitigation system in Pulau Laut Utara District, Kotabaru Regency.
The value of the flood susceptibility class interval aims to distinguish the flood susceptibility class, and by determining the intensity of inundation based on the inundation area and the elevation of the flood level. With processing the value from the investigation in Nort Pulau Laut covering several villages and roads, the level of vulnerability to flooding in Dirgahayu Village is 10.24% (low water level), 6.54% (medium water level), 1.33% (high water level). In Sungai Paring Village it was 2.81% (low water level), 10.18% (medium water level), 8.48% (high water level). In Baharu Village, it was 3.69% (low flood), 3.21% (medium water level), 10.87% (high water level). In Semayap Village it was 4.11% (low water level), 2.21% (medium water level), 2.58% (high water level). And in Sebelimbingan Village it was 4.67% (low water level), 3.90% (medium water level), and 8.25% (high water level). With intervals from each flood location, a value of 73.98 was obtained in the category of sufficiently prone to flooding.
KONSTRUKSI INSTALASI PIPA MIGAS BAWAH LAUT DI TELUK BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Sulardi Sulardi
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of material specifications and methods for the construction of underwater oil and gas pipeline installations. This research uses an applied research method with a case study approach in the context of replacing an underwater oil and gas pipeline from the North Penajam Paser coast to the Balikpapan refinery. The results of the research that can be achieved are that the 399 meter long underwater pipe has been replaced with standard API 5L Grade X52 carbon steel specifications and the large lay method by maximizing pipe welding and technical inspection of the welding results on board. Based on the results of this study, it is also recommended that the material specifications and working methods of underwater pipe installation construction work well are applied in similar work areas.
PRIORITAS TANAMAN REVEGETASI PASCATAMBANG BATUBARA BERDASARKAN NILAI KELAYAKAN EKOLOGI
Authors: Kissinger Kissinger
Published: April 2022

Post-mining reclamation includes various activities of structuring, restoring, and improving environmental quality. Revegetation contains replanting activities that are part of post-mining reclamation. Several considerations are needed in determining the choice of plant species for revegetation activities. This study aims to determine the order of priority for the selection of revegetation plant species based on criteria and indicators of ecological value. The research location was in the revegetation area of PT. Adaro Site Tanjung, South Kalimantan. A total of 6 measurement plots (40mx25m) were made using purposive sampling method in determining the selected measurement plots. Each measurement plot was divided into 4 measurement sub plots to measure the number of species, number of individuals, diameter and height of revegetation plants. The indicator criteria used as an analytical tool contain 6 criteria and 8 indicators. The eight indicators are the contribution of the species diversity index, growth percent, number of individuals/ha, dominance, species authenticity, canopy cover, natural introduction of new plants, and the rate of weathering of litter. The revegetation plant species assessed were Akasia (Acacia mangium), Johar (Cassia siamea), and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). Data were analyzed quantitatively through scoring against the total value of the indicators or categories made. The order of priority for revegetation plants is P.falcataria (score 24 = high score), Johar (score: 23 = high score), and Akacia (score: 19 = low score). Ecological feasibility indicator criteria developed in this study can be used as a model for the selection of species to be developed in post-coal mining revegetation area
HUBUNGAN SIFAT FISIK TANAH TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TANAMAN CEMPEDAK PADA LAHAN REHABILITASI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) DESA TIWINGAN LAMA KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Nugroho Yusanto , Rahmawati Normela , Rudy Gt. Seransyah
Published: April 2022

Watershed rehabilitation lands are generally critical land. Planting is done there need to be evaluation of growth and health of plants. The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the growth of tolerant crops that are Cempedak  (Artocarpus integer) and Durian (Durio Zibethinus) as well as analyzing the amount of health of plants and the percentage of tolerant crops in the rehabilitation Tiwingan Lama Banjar District. The research method is performed purposive random sampling with 9 plot samples of each type of plant. The plot of research used is a circular plot measuring 7.94 meters. The percentage of life of the plant is calculated from the number of plants that live at the time of research divided the total number of plants in the early planted. Collection of identification data of plant health status is done by FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method. The percentage of life of the plant is tolerant of the Watershed rehabilitation land for the Cempedak of 68.17% and for the type of durian 62.62% which is entered into medium category. Growth of the best Cempedak plant at the age of ± 4 years  in the slope 26-45% have a volume increments of 0, 0116M3/year and the growth of the best durian plants in the slope of 16-25% with a volume increments 0.0587 m3/year. The health value of the tolerant plant to 3 (three) classes of slope indicating health with a healthy classification with mild damage.
KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH BATERAI SEKALI PAKAI DARI KEGIATAN RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA BANDUNG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Santoso Firman Hadi , Halomoan Nico
Published: April 2022

Jenis sampah B3 rumah tangga yang sering ditemukan yaitu baterai sekali pakai. Masyarakat umumnya membuang limbah baterai bercampur dengan sampah domestik. Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 Tahun 2021 limbah baterai termasuk B3 karena di dalamnya mengandung logam berat, sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan khusus agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi pengelolaan limbah baterai sekali pakai dari kegiatan rumah tangga di Kota Bandung dan merencanakan sistem pengelolaan limbah baterai yang sesuai bagi rumah tangga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus Krejcie dan Morgan. Bentuk penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu membagikan kuesioner online kepada 121 keluarga di Kota Bandung dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukkan sebesar 81% masyarakat Kota Bandung belum mengetahui cara membuang limbah baterai dengan benar. Sistem pengelolaan limbah baterai yang direncanakan, yaitu limbah baterai yang tidak dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat dapat dibawa ke tempat khusus yang ditetapkan oleh industri baterai. Di tempat tersebut masyarakat dapat mengembalikan baterai bekas dan mendapatkan baterai baru dengan harga yang lebih murah dari harga normal. Industri baterai akan mengambil baterai bekas di tempat tersebut untuk diolah kembali. Kata kunci: Baterai, B3, Pengelolaan, Rumah Tangga. The most common type of B3 household waste is primary batteries. People generally dispose of battery waste mixed with domestic waste. According to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 batteries are classified as B3 waste because they contain heavy metals, so it requires specific management so as not to contaminate the environment. This research will evaluate the management of primary battery waste from household activities in Bandung City and plan a battery waste management system for households. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method. Determination of the number of samples using the formula Krejcie and Morgan. The form research carried out is distributing online questionnaires to 121 families in the city of Bandung with a simple random sampling technique. The results of the analysis show that 81% of the people in Bandung don't know how to properly dispose of battery waste. The planned battery waste management system, battery waste that cannot be used by the public can be carried to a place specified by the battery industry. In these places, people can return battery waste and get new batteries at a lower price than the normal price. The battery industry will take battery waste at the site to be reprocessed. Keywords: Battery, B3, Household, Managemen.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MALEAT ANHIDRIDA (MAH) TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK PAPAN POLIMER SAMPAH PLASTIK MULTILAYER DAN HDPE
Authors: Riyandini Vina Lestari , Fitrada1 Wathri , Jerry Jerry
Published: April 2022

Plastik multilayer adalah limbah plastik yang banyak dikeluhkan oleh pemilik bank sampah, hal ini disebabkan plastik multilayer tidak dapat dijual ke pengepul. Salah satu pengolahan yang telah dilakukan yaitu mendaur ulang menjadi prakarya dengan tujuan memperlambat masuknya sampah plastik multilayer ke Tempat Pemprosesan Akhir (TPA). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan proses daur ulang menjadi material yang bersifat jangka panjang. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses daur ulang sampah plastik multilayer menjadi papan polimer menggunakan alat Hot press. Papan polimer dibuat dengan kombinasi sampah plastik HDPE sebagai matrik. Untuk mendapatkan kualitas papan polimer yang baik dilakukan penentuan komposisi yang tepat antara filler dan matrik. Pada penelitian ini akan divariasikan komposisi penyusun papan polimer. Selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas perlu ditambahkan zat adiktif berupa Maleic Anhydride (MAH) sebagai compatibilizer dengan variasi 5% dan 10 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan papan polimer dengan variasi 30% multilayer: 70% HDPE dengan penambahan MAH 10% memiliki nilai keteguhan tekan sebesar 90 kgf/cm3, nilai kerapatan tertinggi sebesar 1,16 gr/cm2, kadar air 0% dan daya serap air 0%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa komposisi limbah plastik multilayer dengan berat maksimal 30% dari berat keseluruhan dan penambahan MAH 10% memberikan hasil memenuhi SNI 03 – 2105 -2006.Penambahan MAH memberikan pengaruh dalam meningkatkan kualitas papan polimer. Kata Kunci : Plastik Multilayer dan Papan Polimer. Multilayer plastic is plastic waste that many waste bank owners complain about, this is because multilayer plastic cannot be sold to collectors. One of the processes that have been carried out is recycling into crafts with the aim of slowing down the entry of multilayer plastic waste into the Final Processing Site (TPA). Therefore, a long-term recycling process is needed. In this study, the process of recycling multilayer plastic waste into polymer boards was carried out using a hot press. Polymer board is made with a combination of HDPE plastic waste as a matrix. To get a good quality polymer board, it is done with the right composition between filler and matrix. In this study, the composition of the polymer board will be varied. Furthermore, to improve the quality of additives that need to be added in the form of Maleic Anhydride (MAH) as a compatibilizer with variations of 5% and 10%. The results showed that the polymer with 30% multilayer variation: 70% HDPE with the addition of 10% MAH had a compressive strength value of 90 kgf/cm3, the highest density value was 1.16 gr/cm2, 0% moisture content and 0% water absorption. This shows that the composition of multilayer plastic waste with a maximum weight of 30% of the total weight and the addition of 10% MAH gives results that meet SNI 03 – 2105 -2006. The addition of MAH has an effect in improving the quality of the polymer board. Keywords: Multilayer Plastic dan Polymer Board.
Keterampilan Berkewarganegaraan (Civic Skills) Santri pada Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Nurul Jannah Banjarmasin
Authors: Khulfiya Nida , Akhyar Zainul , Elmy Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the understanding of Nurul Jannah Banjarmasin Islamic Boarding School students about Civic Skills in the social field and describe the understanding of Nurul Jannah Islamic Boarding School students in Civic Skills in the laws. This study used qualitative. To obtain the samples, this study used purposive sampling technique. The use of purposive sampling technique in this study aimed to be able to find out how civic skills in the social and legal fields at the Salafiyah Nurul Jannah Islamic Boarding School in Banjarmasin. The results of this study indicated that the most prominent attitude of them is their politeness and manners and their morals are the main key to being educated by the ustadz/ustadzah there. In addition, the application of the law has been carried out and obeyed by the students. They knew the sanctions that are applied there. So, from there they learn to become law-abiding citizens both within the boarding school and outside the boarding school.Keywords: Civic skills, islamic boarding school, student
Jejak Kebangkitan Pers Kota Banjarmasin Pasca 1998
Authors: Aditya Prayudha , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin , Rochgiyanti Rochgiyanti , Mardiani Fitri , Prawitasari Melisa
Published: April 2022

The press is one of the institutions in society that bridges information between the public and the government through the mass media. In the life of a democratic community, nation, and state, freedom to express thoughts and opinions according to one's conscience and the right to obtain information must be guaranteed because these are the most basic human rights. In reality, the implementation of press freedom in the Reformation Era still faces many obstacles. Considering the political direction previously during the New Order era, which tended to be personal, very strong, and authoritative, in the following period, there were major changes for the press in Indonesia, including in Banjarmasin. This study explores how is the role of PWI in unifying forum for journalists nationall and creating a major contribution to maintaining the pillars of democracy in the realization of the post-1998 press in Banjarmasin City.Keywords: Press, Banjarmasin City, Post-1998
SIMULASI KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL PADA RUMAH BANJAR BUBUNGAN TINGGI DENGAN KOMPUTASI DINAMIKA FLUIDA
Authors: Ikhsan M Rizki , Ol Siska Madschen Sia Mei , Hidayah Nur
Published: April 2022

Rumah adat Banjar dengan atap tinggi (Bubungan Tinggi) merupakan rumah adat yang diperuntukkan bagi kalangan bangsawan kerajaan. Di zaman modern, jenis bangunan ini digunakan sebagai desain arsitektur bangunan pemerintahan. Rumah adat sebagai warisan budaya mengandung kearifan lokal, dimana rumah didesain agar mampu beradaptasi dengan lingkungan, sehingga orang yang tinggal di dalamnya dapat merasa nyaman. Pada penelitian ini, dikaji karakteristik termal dari rumah Banjar bubungan tinggi, dengan menggunakan metode simulasi CFD. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa desain atap bubungan tinggi sangat menguntungkan dalam hal serapan energi matahari, dimana atap tersebut mempunyai koefisien geometri (Rb) kecil, sehingga tidak banyak terpapar secara frontal terhadap sinar matahari. Bentuk atap tinggi juga akan menimbulkan banyak bayangan yang menaungi dengan maksimal. Pada hasil simulasi CFD, didapatkan bahwa atap bubungan tinggi menjadi tempat terkumpulnya udara panas, dikarenakan perbedaan tekanan dan gaya apung udara, sehingga udara panas akan naik dan terkumpul di atap yang lebih tinggi. Untuk menghindari terkumpulnya udara panas yang lebih banyak, maka rekayasa mekanik yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memasang blower yang dapat menghembus udara panas ke lingkungan, sehingga dapat membantu sirkulasi udara ruangan.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA, ARANG AMERIKA, ARANG KAYU LABAN DAN ARANG KAYU GALAM TERHADAP PEMURNIAN BIOGAS
Authors: Samlawi Achmad Kusairi , Sajali Hasan
Published: April 2022

Salah satu permasalahan yang terkandung dalam biogas adalah karbon dioksida yang dapat menurunkan nilai kalor pembakaran biogas. Sehingga diperlukan proses pemurnian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar karbondioksida pada biogas. Hasil reduksi karbon dioksida dari pengujian biogas tanpa pemurnian adalah 13955,03 ppm dan setelah dimurnikan dengan arang tempurung kelapa turun menjadi 8713,78 ppm dengan efektivitas pemurnian sebesar 37,56% dan densitas 0,688 gr/cm3, dengan American Charcoal menurun menjadi 7399,41 ppm dengan efektivitas pemurnian 46,98% dan berat jenis 0,817 gr/cm3, dengan arang kayu laban turun menjadi 11310,07 ppm dengan efektivitas pemurnian 18,95% dan berat jenis 0,448 gr/cm3 dan dengan arang kayu gelam menurun menjadi 12867,84 ppm dengan efektivitas pemurnian 7,79% dan densitas 0,446 gr/cm3. Sehingga efektifitas pemurnian biogas tertinggi adalah dengan menggunakan American Charcoal dengan daya serap 46,98% dan memiliki nilai densitas tertinggi 0,817 gr/cm3, untuk nilai besaran nilai densitas arang berbanding lurus dengan besaran serapan karbon dioksida demikian juga berkaitan dengan besarnya luas permukaan, semakin tinggi luas permukaan maka semakin besar pula kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap karbon dioksida.
PERFORMANSI MOTOR BAKAR 6 TAK DENGAN 2 KALI PEMBAKARAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR PERTAMAX DAN ETANOL
Authors: Elandi  , Siswanto Eko , Widodo Agung Sugeng
Published: April 2022

Motor bakar 6 langkah merupakan penyempurnaan dari mesin 4 langkah dengan menambahkan 2 langkah dari mesin pembakaran 4 langkah. 2 langkah yang dimaksud adalah langkah kompresi kedua dan langkah ekspansi kedua, jadi dalam satu siklus kerja, ada 2 kompresi dan 2 pembakaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimen langsung dengan menguji objek yang dituju. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, penggunaan bahan bakar yang berbeda mempengaruhi kinerja (torsi, daya, dan konsumsi bahan bakar). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai performansi bahan bakar Pertamax dan Etanol pada mesin enam langkah, bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah bahan bakar Pertamax dengan kemurnian 100% dan Etanol dengan kemurnian 99,7%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, analisis, dan pembahasan, kinerja mesin pembakaran enam langkah dengan 2 kali pembakaran menggunakan bahan bakar Pertamax dan Etanol disimpulkan bahwa torsi maksimum menggunakan bahan bakar Pertamax adalah 8,15 N.m pada putaran mesin 7200 rpm. Sebagai perbandingan, bahan bakar Etanol 6,59 N.m pada putaran mesin 7200 rpm, torsi rata-rata bahan bakar Pertamax 1,16% lebih tinggi dari bahan bakar Etanol. Tenaga maksimum untuk bahan bakar Pertamax adalah 8,25 HP pada putaran mesin 7200 rpm. Sebagai perbandingan, bahan bakar Etanol adalah 6,67 HP pada putaran mesin 7200 rpm.
PENGARUH DAYA PEMANASAN MICROWAVE OVEN TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT SERAT DAUN NANAS BERMATRIK EPOXY
Authors: Bintarto Redi , Syamsul Ma’arif Moch. , Gayuh Utami Dewi Fransisca , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Hamidi Nurkholis , Heryana Pudya
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya pemanasan microwave oven pada serat daun nanas terhadap kekuatan tarik komposit bermatrik epoxy. Pada penelitian ini penguat komposit yang digunakan ialah serat daun nanas tanpa perlakuan dan serat daun nanas  yang dipanasakan menggunakan microwave oven dengan daya 250W, 440W, dan 715W selama 15 menit setelah diberi perendaman NaOH 6% selama 2 jam. Metode pembuatan komposit yang digunakan adalah metode vacuum assisted resin infusion. Pengujian tarik dilakukan pada spesimen komposit berpenguat serat daun nanas sesuai standar ASTM D638-01. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi daya pemanasan mi-crowave oven menghasilkan nilai kekuatan tarik komposit yang semakin tinggi dikarenakan adhesi antara serat dengan matriks epoxy yang semakin baik. Kekuatan tarik tertinggi didapat pada komposit berpenguat serat daun nanas dengan daya pemanasan 715W sebesar 147,9 MPa, selanjutya pemanasan dengan daya 440W sebesar 136,6 MPa, pemanasan dengan daya 250W sebesar 125,5 MPa, dan terendah pada spesimen komposit serat daun nanas tanpa perlakuan sebesar 107,1 MPa. Selain itu hasil SEM juga menunjukan semakin kasarnya permukaan serat seiring ditambahnya daya pemenasan dan hasil  wettability juga menunjukkan bahwa kemampu basahan antara serat dengan matriks epoxy semakin baik seiring meningkatnya daya pemanasan microwave oven.
The history of elections in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. What We Can Learn from These ‘National Exercises’
Authors: Willis Justin , Cheeseman Nic , Lynch Gabrielle
Published: April 2022

A large literature has described the years after independence from colonial rule as a period of ‘departicipation’. Africa’s new rulers – whether driven by personal venality or a sincere commitment to nation-building – swiftly gave up on elections, or at best held elections that, by denying choice, left violence as the central dynamic of African politics. This article draws on the cases of Kenya, Ghana and Uganda in the late 1960s to argue that the emphasis often placed on the ‘speed and ease’ of this process has been overstated. Instead, Africa’s politicians and civil servants valued elections as a means to educate and discipline the public, even as they feared their possible outcomes. Building on a literature that focuses on the individual experience of elections rather than the presence or absence of parties, we argue that the rhetoric of politicians and civil servants shows that they saw elections as ‘exercises’ – a revealing term – that would train and test their new citizens. Yet this is not the whole story: voters understood their participation in their own terms and played a role in how early experiments with elections played out. The political closures of these years were real, but their course was unplanned and contingent, shaped partly by popular involvement. These points are not only of historical value, but also provide important insights into the extent to which contemporary elections are instruments of elite power or the drivers of democratisation.
A silent revolution. Zambia’s 2021 General Election
Authors: Siachiwena Hangala
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses Zambia’s 2021 election which was held in a context of democratic backsliding and poor economic performance. The election resulted in Zambia’s third alternation of power between political parties since the democratic wave of the 1990s. The ruling Patriotic Front (PF) used its incumbent advantages to control institutions that were crucial for promoting democracy and ensuring a credible election. The election was also characterised by political violence which limited the ability for the opposition United Party for National Development (UPND) to mobilise freely. Further, an Afrobarometer survey conducted in December 2020 showed that half of all citizens surveyed were unwilling to declare who they would vote for, thereby suppressing the extent of UPND’s support. Yet, the UPND won 59% in the presidential election and won the most parliamentary seats in an election that had one of the highest voter-turnouts since the advent of Zambia’s multi-party democracy. This paper argues that there was a ‘silent revolution’ in Zambia that resulted in the defeat of the PF. It also shows that Zambian citizens have not been complacent in the face of democratic backsliding.
Party nominee or independent candidate? Examining Electoral Reforms and the Use of Digital Technologies for Voter Participation in South Africa
Authors: Mathe Limukani
Published: April 2022

This article discusses electoral reforms and the use of digital technologies for voter participation in South Africa. The study employed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews through semi-structured questions to engage with voters and politicians. Informed by theories on politics and technology, the articles notes that the current electoral system has advantages and disadvantages, though it can be enhanced by the inclusion of a mixed proportional or constituency-based electoral system whereby voters elect political party candidates or independent candidates to represent their constituencies. The article argues that digital technologies alone cannot enhance voter participation without electoral policies that promote voter participation in the candidate selection processes for provincial and national elections. The article further highlights the fact that the use of digital technologies and a mixed electoral system are desirable for maximum citizen participation in national and provincial elections. However, some political parties enjoying dominance in the multi-party democracy might perceive reform as unfavourable. The article concludes that consensus and political will are fundamental to harness all progressive electoral reforms and digital tools for sustainable democracy.
DISCURSIVE AND SOCIAL PRACTICES IN INSTAGRAM CAPTIONS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Hidayana , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin
Published: April 2022

This study describes discursive and social practices in Instagram captions used by celebrity endorsers in promoting cosmetic products. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design in order to describe a critical discourse analysis. As the participants in this study, three celebrity endorsers are randomly selected based on their verified Instagram account, and they used Instagram actively for business and product promotion purposes. The data were obtained from Instagram captions of three celebrity endorsers. Additionally, this study's analysis technique is a descriptive-analytic method through the process of collecting and compiling data analysis. The data is then analyzed using a critical discourse analysis method based on Norman Fairclough’s, such as discursive practice analysis and social practice analysis. The results reveal that discursive practices applied by celebrity endorsers are utilized to motivate consumers to buy and use the products. The strategies used by celebrity endorsers are real testimonials, clinical evidence, and inspiring words. Besides, the social practice of products promoted by celebrity endorsers can have the power over society because the language used in promoting cosmetic products can trigger people’s desire to become consumers of those products. Therefore, the existence of celebrity endorsers who are healthy, beautiful, attractive, and charming can feel an emotion in the ability to control people in the beauty perspective among them.    
SCRUTINIZING COMPLIMENT RESPONSE STRATEGY IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Surtikanti Monika Widyastuti
Published: April 2022

Teaching compliment expression might be challenging for Indonesian EFL teacher, especially presenting compliment responses in some certain context of situation. The present study aims at investigating the compliment response strategies in some learning resources used by English teachers in Indonesia. The subjects of this study are the two EFL textbooks written by non-native English speakers and the supplementary materials derived from two Youtube channels and two materials from online learning websites created by native English speakers.The findings revealed accepting was the common compliment response strategy represented in all learning resources. it is also noted that the supplementary materials have various compliment response strategies completed with the meta-pragmatic information on each dialogue. The study implied that the EFL students should be equipped with pragmatic and sociolinguistic information in order to achieve the successful communication. 
PENGARUH PROSEDUR PENERJEMAHAN POLA DAN JENIS KALIMAT BAHASA INDONESIA DAN INGGRIS DALAM NOVEL TERJEMAHAN CALON ARANG: SEBUAH ANALISIS KONTRASTIF
Authors: Tumbole Griselda Felicia Fredyryna , Roman Sajarwa
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of translation procedures and types of sentences from Indonesian (BSU) into English (BSA) in Indonesian literary novels by Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Candidate Charcoal" and the novel of the translation "The King, The Witch, and the Priest "The translated by Willem Samuels. The object of this research is Indonesian sentence in novels with the type of sentence and sentence patterns that are not common among literals. The contrastive analysis approach is used in this study, and is presented using qualitative descriptive research method. The results showed that the results showed that the results Sentences in BSU and BSA can have different patterns and types of sentences but have the same meaning. Sentences in BSU contain different patterns and types of sentences or can be classified as sentences with typical writing, but when translated into BSA, patterns and the type of BSU sentence is unique into a general pattern and sentence his. Therefore, the influence of transposition translation procedures on the pattern and type of BSU sentence is a decrease in the originality of writing literary literary works in translation literary works.
The Characterization of Social Media in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Schneider Andrew M. , Tate Jackson , Murphy Michael P. , Hamid Kamran , Light Terry R. , Schiff Adam P.
Published: April 2022

Background:

There is a paucity of information regarding the use of social media by both orthopaedic residents and applicants. Therefore, this investigation aimed to (1) characterize the use of social media by current orthopaedic surgery residents and applicants to an orthopaedic surgery residency and (2) evaluate the influence of social media on applicants to an orthopaedic surgery residency.

Methods:

An anonymous, nationwide survey was conducted among current orthopaedic surgery residents and fourth-year medical students applying to the authors' orthopaedic surgery. Survey data included demographics, social media usage preferences, social media engagement, and the influence of social media on applicants' perception of and decision to apply to residency programs.

Results:

Three hundred twelve surveys were completed, which included 170 resident surveys and 142 applicant surveys. Two hundred thirty-seven of the respondents (76%) use social media daily. Two hundred fourteen respondents (72%) have listened to orthopaedic surgery podcasts. Regarding educational social media posts, 81% of the residents and 57% of the applicants preferred case presentations with corresponding imaging; for noneducational posts, 89% of the applicants preferred content involving resident life outside the hospital. When asked how much an orthopaedic residency program's social media presence influenced application decision (on a scale of 0-10, 0 being no influence and 10 being the most influence), the mean response was 3.47 among all respondents.

Conclusions:

Most survey respondents use social media daily, have listened to orthopaedic podcasts, find case presentations with corresponding imaging the most useful format for educational posts, and prefer to see residency programs post about resident life outside of the hospital. A residency program's social media presence did not significantly influence applicants' decision to apply to a specific program; however, there was a trend toward increasing influence with more recent applicants. Future research should further investigate social media's impact on the residency application process and the influence of social media on orthopaedic applicants and residents.
OPEN GOVERNMENT DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN DAERAH PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BENGKULU TENGAH
Authors: Suryani Pesi , Robiansyah Anton
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplore lebih dalam bagaimana peran prinsip-prinsip open government dalam mendorong kinerja keuangan daerah Pemerintah Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan semi-structured interview. Kriteria informan dalam penelitian ini adalah aparatur sipil yang telah bekerja lebih dari lima tahun pada pemerintah Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah dan terlibat langsung dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis konten dengan bantuan Computer Assited Qualitative Data Analysis Software yaitu Nvivo 11. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip open government memiliki peran dalam peningkatan kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Adanya partisipasi publik, akuntabilitas, transparansi dan integritas dari para aparatur pengelola keuangan daerah dapat mendorong tercapainya kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah yang baik. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah dapat terus mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip open government dalam setiap pelaksanaan pemerintahan agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja keuangan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendalami atau mengeksplore peran prinsip-prinsip open government dalam meningkatkan kinerja keuangan daerah. Sedangkan penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan metode kuantitatif sehingga informasi yang didapatkan hanya gambaran secara umum. Selain itu, penelitian menggunakan variable integritas sedangkan pada penelitian terdahulu hanya menggunakan variable partisipasi publik, transparansi dan akuntabilitas.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI KALENDER DINDING MENGGUNAKAN METODE FULL COSTING
Authors: Hardianto Muchlis , Gurning Linda RM , Soelinto
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perhitungan harga pokok produksi berdasarkan metode Full Costing dalam penentuan harga jual pada Mau Grafika Industries di kota Malang. Pengumpulan data dengan pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpulkan diolah dengan menggunakan metode komparatif dengan membandingkan proses perhitungan dan pembebanan harga pokok produksi berdasarkan metode perusahaan dengan metode perhitungan harga pokok produksi berdasarkan metode Full Costing yang terdapat dalam berbagai buku referensi. Sumber data yang diperoleh melalui survei langsung ke lokasi berkaitan dengan masalah yang dibahas serta dokumen-dokumen sebagai bukti pendukung. Dari hasil analisis, memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perhitungan harga pokok produksi menurut metode perusahaan dengan metode Full Costing. Dengan mengetahui perbandingan hasil perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi (HPP) yang dilakukan Mau Grafika Industries saat ini dengan harga jual Rp. 5.720,- serta laba yang didapatkan sebesar Rp. 1.320 Per pcs kalender dengan perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi (HPP) menggunakan metode Full Costing dengan harga jual Rp. 3.592,- serta laba yang didapatkan sebesar Rp. 1.077 Per pcs kalender.
AUDIT SISTEM INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT PADA SEKOLAH TINGGI â€œXâ€ SURABAYA
Authors: Erstiawan Martinus , Soebijono Tony
Published: April 2022

Audit sistem informasi pada penelitian menggunakan framework COBIT untuk menilai domain Deliver and Support dalam IT Governance. Rancangan model audit sistem informasi ini dibuat berdasarkan pada pedoman manajemen dan kuesioner akan dibentuk untuk mengidentifikasi level of maturity dari sekolah tinggi â€œXâ€.  Model maturity adalah alat untuk mengukur seberapa baik proses sistem informasi berkembang. Berdasarkan hasil interview dan pengolahan kuesioner yang berkaitan dengan proses IT, menunjukkan pencapaian tingkatan current maturity institusi untuk DS8 dan DS12 terletak pada level 2 artinya repeatable, untuk  DS2, DS3, DS4, DS5, DS6, DS7, DS9, DS10 dan DS13 terletak pada level 3 artinya defined, sedangkan DS1 dan DS11 terletak pada level 4 artinya managed. Rekomendasi untuk pihak manajemen sekolah tinggi â€œXâ€ disusun berdasar domain Deliver and Support, diketahui bahwa proses DS8 dan DS12 terletak pada level 2 merupakan proses yang memiliki level of maturity yang paling kecil dan secara keseluruhan  memiliki indeks rata-rata 3.06,  hal ini berarti bahwa sistem informasi sekolah tinggi â€œXâ€  telah distandarisasi, didokumentasikan, dan dikomunikasikan melalui pelatihan, namun kepatuhan pada proses tersebut bergantung pada individu dan penyimpangan akan terdeteksi. Hal ini berarti institusi belum mempunyai tingkat perhatian yang optimal dalam pencapaian institusi, karena expected Maturity Level adalah pada level 5 (Optimised).
PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, FIRM SIZE DAN ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE YANG DIMODERASI COMPANY PROFILE PADA CSR DISCLOSURE
Authors: Padlah Riyadi  , Respati Novita W , Oktaviani Ayu
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, firm size dan enviromental performance terhadap CSR disclosure perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2014-2019. dimoderasi oleh variabel company profile. Berdasarkan purposive sampling terdapat 12 perusahaan sesuai kriteria penelitian dikalikan dengan jumlah 6 tahun pengamatan, 72 data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian secara simultan variabel profitabilitas, leverage, firm size, enviromental performance dan company profile berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CSR disclosure. Pengujian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa hanya leverage yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CSR disclosure, sedangkan profitabilitas, firm size enviromental performance dan company profile tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CSR disclosure. Dari pengujian langsung didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara company profile dengan CSR disclosure sehingga uji moderasi tidak dilanjutkan.
Using photovoice to explore students’ emotions of learning to write: "There is something about writing"
Authors: Sari Dini Rosita , Sultan
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to scrutinize how employing photovoice in writing class helped uncover novice writers’ emotions of learning to write. Eight secondary school students voluntarily participated in the two-session writing class. Accompanying the photovoice, the participants were also asked to write a reflective journal for additional data collection. Results indicate that these novice writers, though experienced confusion and encountered various problems, persisted in completing the writing assignment due to their intrinsic motivation. This suggests that teachers should incorporate in their teachings explanation of the importance of enhancing one’s writing competence to grow students’ motivation and interests in writing.

Highlights 

The participants of the present study found it challenging to generate ideas and revise their writing composition.

Despite the struggle, secondary school students developed positive attitudes toward writing class.

A good understanding of the importance of writing skill affected students’ determination to finish the writing tasks.
Comparison test of synthetic dyes with natural dyes on the quality of cotton sugar
Authors: Alifudin Umar , A Miftakhurrohmat A Miftakhurrohmat
Published: April 2022

This study aims to comparesynthetic and natural colour on quality and characteristics of sugar cotton. The research was conducted in April-June 2014 at Laboratory of Product Development and Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatment consisting:withoutcolour (control), addition of synthetic colourand natural colourwithin ratio 12 ml:0 g, 8 ml:16 g, 8 ml:32 g, 4 ml:16 g, 4 ml:24 g, and 0 ml:48 gr. The measured variables were chemical analysis (concentration of sucrose, glucose and fructose), physical analysis (volume, weight shrinkage, durability sugar cotton inside and outside plastic) and organoleptic analysis (color, taste, aroma, and texture). The data of chemical and physical analysis were analyzed by Anova followed by HSD 5%, while organoleptic was analyzed by Friedman test and method of De Garmo to find the best treatment. Comparison between synthetic colourand natural colour were significantlydifferent on the levels of sucrose, glucose, fructose, volume analysis, resilience in plastic and outer plastic resistance; and significantly affect the color and flavor, but not significantly different on taste and texture. Overall, the best treatment was without natural preservatives and artificial; but the all treatment with preservatives, synthetic colour of 8 ml treatment and 16 g natural colourwas the best treatment.
The Effect of Arbuscular Vesicular Mycorrhizae on the Efficiency of Phosphate Absorption on the Growth and Production of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L. )
Authors: Abror Muhammad , Mauludin Mustofa
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphate fertilization on the growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. ). Research conducted at the Greenhouse o f Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with repeat 4 times. The first factor: VA mycorrhizal (with and without mycorrhiza); the second factor: phosphate (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg TSP/Ha). The variables measured were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, fruit number, fruit weight, fresh weight of plants, phosphate uptake. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan test 5%. Mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate give significantly different interaction effects on plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight, and phosphate uptake of plants with mycorrhizal fungi combination VA and phosphate 300 kg/Ha which gives the highest yield. Mycorrhizal fungi significant effect in increasing plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight and wet weight of plants and plant phosphate uptake. Phosphate significant effect in increasing plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight and wet weight of plants and plant phosphate uptake. There is no difference between the effect of phosphate 100 kgTSP/Ha with 200 and 300 kg/Ha TSP in high regard detainees, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of relationship, the amount of fruit, fruit weight, and plant fresh weight.
The Role of Women in Increasing the Added Value of Cashew Agroindustry (Anacardium occidentale L.) (Gender Analysis in Cashew Agroindustry In Mojokerto – East Java)
Authors: Saidi Ida Agustini , Asmarawati Dwi
Published: April 2022

Aim of this research were to analyze added value of cashew agroindustry and to identiy and map women strength and weakness in every step, pre production; production; and post production in cashew agroindustry system in Mojokerto regency. The research was carried out since Apri unti October 2007. Research location in Ngoro district was determined based on highest Location Potential index. Among 6 (six) villages have cashew potency, Wonosari village was determined as sample location, as it has greatest number of home agroindustries. Samples of this research was made by census. Data was analyzed by agroindustry added value analyzes and strength and weakness analyzes by Matrics of Disagregated Capacities and Vulnerabilities. Result of the research showed that cashew agroindustry gives added value per 1 kg cashew nut by 22,22 %, which is 40 % as labour share, and 60 % as profit. Women and men take parts in pre production, production, and post production, with greater women participation. Women weakness in agroindustry comprises of capital and information acces; working hours that is often disturbed by domestic activity; and afraid to expand the business. Within production inputs as nowadays condition, there is no tendency of women marginalization.
Work Posture Risk Analysis Based on Evaluation Results Using the Quick Exposure Check Method
Authors: Rizaldi Achmad Ganni , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi
Published: April 2022

UMKM XYZ is an industry engaged in making shoes, the superior product is the type of embroidered shoes. The process of making embroidery shoes requires manual handling by workers so that in the production process there are still a series of non-ergonomic work postures. The work posture assessment method used is the Quick Exposure Check (QEC). The QEC method was chosen because this method is simple and easy to understand and this method also assesses from two points of view, namely worker assessment and observer assessment. Based on this research, the recalculation of the total exposure level of the proposed improvements to work facilities is expected to obtain an exposure level value with a range of <40%. This value means the work station is safe and can reduce musculocetal injuries and increase worker productivity.