bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH REGARDING THE INTEGRATE MANAGEMENT OF THE VINE MOTH (Lobesia botrana Den et Schiff.) AT THE DEALURILE CRAIOVEI VINEYARD
Authors: Mitrea I. , Stan C. , Tuca O.
Published: December 2021

The vine moth Lobesia botrana Den et Schifff. Is one of the main pest of the Dealurile Craiovei vineyard, the damages produced by this pest can reach 25-30%.

The integrate management of the vine moth is an alternative to the excessive chemification in order to control the viticultural ecosystem during the past years, this paper frame within this curent.

During 2004-2006, the climatic conditions has been favourable for the develop of the Lobesia botrana species, in 2004 there has been recorded 4 maximum flights coresponding to 3 complete generations and the fourth one incomplete, in 2005 and 2006 there has been recorded 3 maximum flights coresponding for same number of generations.

The attack medium frequency, of the vine moth, recorded in 2004 has been of 20,66%, 19,0% in 2005, and of 17,83% in 2006. The attack medium frequency during 2004-2006 has been of 19,2% .

The efficiency of the control treatments has been ranged between 94,6% and 89,4%. The highest efficiency of 94,6% has been recorded at the V2 variant, there has been used only chemical products, followed by the V3 variant (91,4%) there has been used chemical products for controling the first 2 generations I and II of the vine moth and an biological product for the third generation III, and the fourth variant V4 (89,7%) there has been used the pyretroid product Bulldock 025 EC for controling the first generation, and the biological product Foray 48B (Biobit XL) for controling the second generation II and 8 pheromonals traps (atraBOT/ha) for controling the third generation III. For the fifth variant V5 there has been used the product Calypso 480 SC, an metamorphosis inhibitor for the arthropods, for controling the first generation and then the biological product Dipel 2xWP for the second generation II and 8 pheromonals traps (atraBOT/ha) for the third generation, at this variant there has been recorded the lowest efficiencyt 89,4%.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF PESTS FOR BIODIVERSITY MEINTEINING AND ECOSYSTEMS HEALTH
Authors: Stanca Cristina Moise
Published: December 2021

The biological methods used for the limitation of phytophagous populations surfaced as a necessity, following the un-rational usage of pesticides that became a real danger both for humans and environment. The paper presents the most important biological methods used for the limitation of phytophagous populations under the harm economic threshold.
STUDY REGARDING BIOGAS PRODUCTION FOR CO-GENERATION UNITS
Authors: Molnar A. , Drocaş I. , Ranta O. , Stănilă S.
Published: December 2021

This paper is focused on actual possibilities for biogas production for co-generation units that use internal combustion engines in order to produce electric power and thermal energy, system that has high conversion efficiency, which is above 90%.
THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF EUROPEAN MISTLETOE (Viscum album) EXTRACTS AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL IMPACT
Authors: Vicaş Simona Ioana , Socaciu Carmen
Published: December 2021

Extracts of Viscum album (mistletoe) are widely used as complementary cancer therapies in Europe. The mistletoe lectins and viscotoxins have been identified as the main principle of mistletoe extracts that participating in biological activity of V. album. These compounds were isolated and studied in vitro and in vivo for their biological activity and mechanism of action. A comparison of the results to those using whole extracts indicated that lectins and viscotoxins are not the only bioactive compounds present in the mistletoe. In this paper, we review the recent studies regarding with cytotoxic activity on tumor cells of mistletoe extracts, as well as, the role of this semiparasitic plant in diabetics and hypertension illness.
SLOT SPRAYERS USED FOR WASHING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Cristea Alexandru
Published: December 2021

Agricultural products are washed in installations equipped with ball shower heads or zinc plated pipes with circular orifices or nuzzles, in order to remove germs which are dangerous to consumers and to decrease the products’ microbiological charge. This paper presents the experimental results obtained with slot sprayers with a width/length ratio of the nozzle
Results of the researches regarding foliar fertilizers at spelta wheat crop (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) in ecological system
Authors: Gheolţan Oana Ofelia , Morar G.
Published: December 2021

Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta (spelta wheat) is a cultivated specie to obtain alimentary products and ecological meadows. Its physiological characteristics, rudimentary and resistance to bad conditions of vegetation determined its enlargement on greater and greater surfaces. There were tested six foliar fertilizers specific for ecological agriculture in order to stimulate production and several quality features. In the presebnt paper there is presented the effect of several foliar fertilizers upon seeds production.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE LUBRICATION ON THE DURABILITY OF THE HIGH RESISTANCE SINTERED BUSHINGS OF THE CARDAN JOINTS WITHIN THE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Cioica N. , Cota C. , Fodorean G. , Nagy Mihaela
Published: December 2021

In order to produce agricultural technologic equipment with a high number of extremely dinamically and statically stressed parts it is important to take into account the possibilities offered by the new fabrication technologies of such parts. Such a possibility is offered by the powder metallurgy. The present paper presents the results obtained at the trials made by INMA Bucuresti, Cluj-Napoca branch, to establish the influence of the lubrication on the durability of the sintered bushings of the B1 cardan transmission joints, made by BINACCHI and used in the SPC6-M sowing machine and other agricultural equipments like the ones for fitosanitary treatments and fertilizers administration.
STUDIES REGARDING THE WHITEFLY EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE EGG AND LARVAE (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.)
Authors: Pop Oana , Pop Daniela , Cuc G. , Oros Simona , Oltean I. , Bunescu H. , Bodiş Ilonka
Published: December 2021

The greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.) is one of the most important pests met in protected spaces, determining major damages to vegetables crops and also to the flower crops. this pest, besides the damage it determine in greenhouses crops, in hot years, during summer, it also can be seen in field crops, where it produce great damage by stinging and sucking the cell juice from the leaves tissues and young offshoot of different crop plants. Researchers all over the world where this pest has been seen were and still are preoccupied by all the aspects concerning its origin, spreading areas, morphology, biology and control. The present paper propose a study f the morphology of the egg and larvae of this dangerous pest and the completition of the dates already known with the photos taken at the Center of Electronic Microscopy at Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca.
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE CONTROL OF THE SPECIE Abrosia artemisifolia L.WITH THE HELP OF ERBICIDES
Authors: Hodisan N. , Morar G. , Ciobanu Cornelia
Published: December 2021

Recent studies confirms the fact that Abrosia artemisifolia L. sin A.elatior., specie has spread from the west of the country to the central; and south areas, invading agricol crops, provoking great production losses if the intervention in not efficient and made in due time. In the present paper there are presented the effect of several tested herbicides in different phases of vegetation, in climatic conditions of 2006-2007.
AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MALE-STERILE AND FERTILE
Authors: Oroian Georgeta , Morar G. , Haş I. , Haş Voichiţa
Published: December 2021

The use of cytoplasmatic male-sterility in maize seed production contributes to increase economical efficiency and to obtain great genetical seeds. Through this theme one has followed the realization of a comparative study between some hybrids obtained to Turda on C and T cytoplasm their homologues, developed with normal and through the castration of the maternal parents. The researches aimed mainly the phenotypic and genotypic variability of the hybrids, the degree of male-sterility and the capacity of production, in phytotechnic conditions in different densities.
STUDIES REGARDING THE MORPHOLOGY OF HORSE CHESTNUT LEAFMINER΄ S LARVA (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič)
Authors: Pop Daniela , Pop Oana , Cuc G. , Oltean I.
Published: December 2021

Horse leafminer of ornamental chestnut (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič) spread in Europe very quickly and produces important damages to species like Aesculus especially to Aesculus hippocastanum L. Science peoples from European countries where this pest is present, were and are concern by all the aspects regarding this pest: origin, area of spread, morphology, biology and fighting. The present paper completes the aspect of morphology of larva by photos of larvae using electron microscope in different development stages, so to can determinate the medium size of larvae in every stage, inclusive aspects regarding the segments characteristics of thorax and abdomen. This characteristics help to determinate the larval stage of development .
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INTEGRATED CONTROL OF DISEASES PESTS AND WEEDS IN CABBAGE CROP
Authors: Cuc Gabriel , Pop Oana , Pop Daniela , Oltean Ion , Oros Simona
Published: December 2021

Cabbage as vegetable has a great importance both alimentary and medicinal. Its cultivation require a well balanced technique especially regarding the treatments to control diseases, pests and weeds. The aim of this paper is to establish a strategy of integrated control of the pests, diseases and weeds in cabbage crops, in the context of a sustainable agriculture.
NATURAL DYES USED IN TINCTORIAL PRACTICE
Authors: Dumitrescu Crinela , Gorghiu Laura Monica , Olteanu R. L. , Bumbac M.
Published: December 2021

The utilization of natural dyes became more important in the last years. On this basis we propose to present a series of ways to paint in the form of “modernized” recipe on the basis of current knowledge regarding the fixation process. It was achieved dying of wool fibers with dyes extracted from Hypericum perforatum, Origanum vulgare, Rubia tinctorum, Quercus pedunculata, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Allium cepa, Taraxacum officinale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Beta vulgaris, Brassica oleraceae, Hyancinthus orientalis.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS CONCERNING THE PRESERVATION OF GENETICAL DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT VEGETABLE VARIETIES AT USAMV CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Maxim A. , Sima Rodica , Fiţiu A. , Şandor M. , Papp Ruxandra , Lucian Cristina , Hapca A.
Published: December 2021

The biodiversity conservation was included in environment problems at the ONU conference for environment and development, from Rio de Janeiro (1992). Important parts of the conservation are traditional varieties and local populations of crop plants. The UE regulation 98/95 comes to protect the vegetal genetic resources.

Unlike the other countries with advanced agriculture, Romania still has a rich genetic diversity of culture plants, especially in the zones that were non-cooperativized during the communism. However, if there will not be any proper measures of their conservation, these populations and varieties are in danger of extinction.

Our objectives presume finding the small seed producers, collecting carrot, parsley and lettuce seeds, building experimental zones for the characterization of varieties and local populations as well as the conservation of their seeds at the Gene Bank Suceava and gene microbank from USAMV Cluj-Napoca, which is in the stage of project.

In 2007 spring, 188 traditional varieties and local populations of carrot, parsley and lettuce seeds, from 69 producers within 15 counties of our country, especially from Transylvania were collected. The seeds were mainly from the agro alimentary markets collected. A questionnaire for every seed producer was filled in order to obtain information regarding: the tradition in the seed production, technology of culture, seeds sale, sex and age of the producers etc. Every variety has a unique code, after the proposal of FAO/IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute), valid for all vegetal varieties.

The obtained data confirm that vegetable genetic diversity, in the studied area, is big but the risk of extinction is high. The most important cause are the advanced age of traditional seed producers (about 70% of them are over 60 years old) and the recession of vegetable cultivated zones.

In 2007 year, an agrobiologic characterization on carrot, parsley and lettuce was done and lettuce seed was obtained. The experiments will continue in 2008.
EMISSIONS OF NH3, CH4 AND N2O DURING STORAGE AND AFTER APPLICATION OF UNTREATED AND ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED SLURRY
Authors: Moitzi G. , Amon B. , Amon T. , Kryvoruchko V. , Wagner-Alt C. , Hackl E. , Zechmeister-Boltenstern S. , Boxberger J.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the investigations results of the effect of anaerobic digestion on emissions of NH3, N2O and CH4 during storage and after application of slurry. Dairy cattle and pig slurry was stored in concrete tanks (12 m3) over a period of 100 days. Gaseous emissions were collected continuously by a large open dynamic chamber. Gas concentrations (NH3, N2O and CH4) were analysed by high resolution FTIR-spectrometry. After storage, the slurries were surface applied on permanent grassland. NH3 emissions were followed for two days by a large open-dynamic-chamber. N2O and CH4 emissions were quantified with closed chambers until day 20 after application. 65 – 95 % of net total NH3 emissions were lost after slurry application. NH3 abatement will therefore be effective, if low emission application techniques are used. This is especially important when anaerobically digested slurry is applied. More than 90 % of net total CH4 emissions from untreated slurry were lost during slurry storage. Anaerobically digested slurry still emitted methane during storage. These emissions can be totally avoided if the secondary fermentation tank and the slurry store are connected with the gas bearing system of the biogas plant. Then, CH4 produced in these tanks is collected and used as renewable energy source.

In conclusion it can be assumed that biogas plants will play a major role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as they generate renewable energy and reduce CH4 emissions during manure storage. Furthermore, anaerobic digestion improves the fertiliser value of animal manures.
Latest Technical Developments create possibilities for sustainable use of fieldsprayers
Authors: Klaas Eeuwema
Published: December 2021

Within the area of crop care the use of less pesticide becomes more and more important, due to world wide growing importance of sustainable farming and due to the fact of healthcare. In this field, agricultural engineers are focused on intelligent machine systems that, partly, take over the decisions farmers have to make nowadays. What technologies are already available and which latest technologies could be used in the research areas to develop new methods of handling information and reduce the use of pesticides?
WATER SAVING AS THE MAIN AND COMPULSORY CONDITION OF ECOLOGICAL MODERNISATION
Authors: Öztunalı Gülser Kayır
Published: December 2021

Maintaining useable water is unquestionably one of the most important problems of the 21st century. Need for water, which is the one of the main problems of societies, is increasing, while the water supplies around the planet are becoming scarce and polluted. Thus, the societies will enter the ecological modernization process and use water for saving purpose. This process is an obligation and the transformation of economic analysis to ecologic synthesis, will be realized by water saving and increasing consciousness. Socialization of the next generations will adopt the new attitude in using water as vital need for humanity. Everyday life, lifestyle, living culture, praxis and habits; education system, social structure, institutions, research methods and contents, industry, agriculture, city planning, strategy in environmental policy and global water governance will be changed. Water saving as the main and compulsory condition of ecological modernization of societies and the types of water saving, the ways of improvement of water consciousness will be discussed by the ecosociology perspective. Tools like local administration, education, media, water footprint can ensure ecological modernization through water saving.
TRENDS OF THE AIR POLLUTION LEVEL IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREA OF TARGOVISTE CITY
Authors: Gorghiu G. , Nicolescu Carmen Leane , Ivaşcu Elena
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the management of the air pollution is a very important key for a strong and sustainable development process in the areas of Dambovita county and Targoviste city. It is known that in the industrial part of Targoviste, two ferrous industrial plants are the main pollutants with powders and one enterprise is responsible by the pollution with exhausted gases. Near the city, in Doicesti village, a power coal-based plant is the major pollutant with powders and exhausted gases. More than that, the heavy road traffic remains one of the most important responsible for the atmospheric pollution.

Estimating the pollution levels became an important goal for the factors involved in the environmental protection. Trying to join this kind of research, the paper presents some results concerning the trends of the air pollution level in the industrial area of Targoviste city, proposing also some kind of models. Those models were deducted by the regression calculus and linear, polynomial, logarithmic, exponential and power equations were used for expressing realistic or non-realistic models. Traditional for the regression calculus, the coefficient of determination showed how closely the estimated values for the trend-lines correspond to the analyzed data.
THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITIONAL SOWING AND FERTILIZATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE GRASSY COVER OF PERMANENT MEADOWS FROM THE SLĂNIC-BUZĂU AREA
Authors: Chelariu Elena Liliana , Draghia Lucia , Paraschiv Nicoleta Luminiţa , Avarvarei B. V. , Volf Mariana
Published: December 2021

In the present paper the authors present the effect of additional sowing and fertilization on the grassy cover structure of a permanent meadow form the hilly and mountain area of Slănic-Buzău basin.

Additional sowing was done with a mixture formed by 70% grasses and 305 legumes.

Fertilization was made with chemical fertilizers based on N, P, K in different doses and combinations, manure (20 and 30 t/ha) and vinassa (4, 5, 6 and 7 t/ha) on a phosphorous agri-fund.

At the end of our researches we observed that by additional sowing increased the percentage of legumes in the grassy cover, decreased the participation of the plants from other groups, and the quality of fodder was also improved.

Fertilization influenced in a small manner the structure of grassy cover.

On the mountain meadows the changes in the grassy cover structure were much more stronger in comparison with the ones on the hilly meadows.
STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF HONEY BEES AND SOIL SAMPLES HEAVY METAL CONTENTS DATA
Authors: Bordean Despina Maria , Ungur O. , Gogoasa I. , Harmanescu Monica
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to correlate spectrophotometrical analysis data of soil and bees honey samples statistically evaluated in order to predict the heavy metals pollution level of a geographical area only based on the analysis of bee’s products (bees honey and pollen). The natural concentrations of some metals in soil vary from a region to another depending on the rocks nature and composition as well as on the contribution generated by human activities like: combustions, minerals treatment, gas additives, cigarette smoke, and other industrial activities. Important quantities of heavy metals are discharged in the atmosphere and in the continental and oceanic waters from where it is getting at tissue level. The statistical evaluation of data is able to provide information about the geographical areas heavy metals pollution.
THE EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCES AND RESERCES FOR THE ALLINIAMENT TO THE UE DEMANDS OF FISICO CHEMICALS PARAMETERS OF CATURED AND EVACUATED WATER OUT OF THE ENERGETIC BLOCKS
Authors: Gavrilescu Elena , Brindusa Andreea , Gavrilescu B. F.
Published: December 2021

Industry, inclusive the energetic area , is a large consumer of industrial sweet water. This thing leads to:

-the nessecity of implementing solutions and technical methods which can stop the increasing path of industrial water consum;

- the necessity of cleaning and refinemet of industrial water in performant Stations industrial waters.

This thing is possible only through an unitary policy in the quality water domain, at a national level, according to UE demands.

The fisico chemical parameters define in a large extent the quality of industrial water and because of that it is necessary their follow up permanently both in the canals of approach as the canals of delivery pipes at the large consumers and defilers of such resources. The marked physical chemical parameters ,in the case of Energetic Complexes with large installed power namely E. C. Craiova- Isalnita, E. C. Rovinari are: water temperature; water conductivity; total materials in water suspension; water fix residue; ph; water alkalescency, water acidity.
QUANTITATIVE AEROPALYNOLOGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF TIMISOARA CITY, ROMANIA
Authors: Ianovici Nicoleta
Published: December 2021

Many airborne pollen grains and fungal spores are important biopollutants responsible for human respiratory allergy. In the conditions of România the most important cause of pollinosis is allergenic pollen of some deciduous trees as well as grasses and weeds. The measurements of pollen concentration in the aeroplankton of Timişoara were carried out in 2003 by the volumetric method. The highest concentrations are noted in April and August. A total of 23 types of pollen taxa were recorded in the air of the study area in the 2003-year: Acer, Alnus, Ambrosia, Artemisia, Betula, Carpinus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Corylus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Morus, Pinaceae, Platanus, Plantago, Populus, Poaceae, Rumex, Salix, Quercus, Taxaceae/Cupressaceae, Tilia, Urtica, Ulmus. The highest values of annual total of pollen grains in a group of trees were reached by Populus and Betula, as well as in a group of grasses and weeds – Ambrosia, Urtica and Poaceae. Trees pollen predominantly contributed to the total pollen sum with a percentage of 53.56%, followed by herbs 37.54% and grasses 8.9%.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE LONG-EARED OWL ASIO OTUS OTUS (L.) IN RODENT CONTROL
Authors: Nistreanu Victoria
Published: December 2021

The trophic spectrum of the long-eared owl was studied in two localities of Someshul Mic basin: Cluj-Napoca city and Cojocna village. 2131 pellets were collected: 1403 pellets from Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden and 728 from Cojocna. 6161 micromammal and bird skulls and bones were separated: 4238 from the pellets collected in Cluj-Napoca and 1923 from those collected in Cojocna. The rodents percent was 84,52% in Cluj-Napoca and 99,12% Cojocna pellets. 4 insectivore species, 12 rodent species and 10 bird species were found in pellets. The most abundant and the dominant species is the common vole (Microtus arvalis) with 64,08% in Cluj-Napoca and with 79,43% in Cojocna. Among birds the most abundant are the house sparrow and the tree sparrow, which constitute almost 70% from all the birds.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “NATURA 2000” EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IN THE 6th NORTH-WESTERN REGION
Authors: Proorocu M. , Beldean P. V.
Published: December 2021

According to the Habitats Directive at European level there was constituted an ecological network entitled “Natura 2000” consisting of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas. The “Natura 2000” is composed of sites which include natural habitats of community interest and community interest species habitats. The Special Areas of Conservation has been declared during two stages. During the first stage these were nominated as Sites of Community Importance. In the 6th North – Western Region there were identified 57 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and 8 Special Protection Areas (SPA). Among the 6 counties of the 6th North – Western Region, the SCI are best represented in Maramureş county, and the SPA in Cluj county.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “NATURA 2000” EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IN THE 6th NORTH-WESTERN REGION
Authors: Proorocu M. , Beldean P. V. , Oroian I.
Published: December 2021

According to the Habitats Directive at European level there was constituted an ecological network entitled “Natura 2000” consisting of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas. The “Natura 2000” is composed of sites which include natural habitats of community interest and community interest species habitats. The Special Areas of Conservation has been declared during two stages. During the first stage these were nominated as Sites of Community Importance. In the 6th North – Western Region there were identified 57 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and 8 Special Protection Areas (SPA). Among the 6 counties of the 6th North – Western Region, the SCI are best represented in Maramureş county, and the SPA in Cluj county.
EARTHWORMS AFFECT MINERALIZATION OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC AMENDMENTS IN A MICROCOSM STUDY
Authors: Sandor M. , Schrader S.
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of organic amendment applications as a sustainable practice is directly related with activity of soil organisms and their interactions. Earthworms (Lumbricidae) are one of the most important group of soil organisms, which can critically affect organic matter mineralization by incorporating, decomposing and redistributing soil surface organic matter.

To study the decomposition and mineralization of two organic amendments (i.e. barley straw and cattle manure) a number of 30 microcosms was set up using polypropylene tubes filled with soil (FAO: luvisol). Half of the microcosms were inoculated with two species of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa), while half remained without animals. Different lengths of 13C labelled barley straw and cattle manure were put on the surface of each column. After 45 days of incubation, the organic matter consumption was recorded and earthworm casts and soil (top 10 cm) were analysed.

The results showed that the organic matter consumption rate is higher in manure treatments compared with straw treatments. The amount of consumed manure was about 63% from added quantity in earthworm treatments, respectively 26% in control treatments. The straw consumption rate was far less only 19% and 20% of added straw being consumed in earthworm treatments, respectively 13% and 15% in control treatments. However, the earthworms preferred a straw length of 2.5 cm.

Earthworm activity stimulated microbial biomass, improved Nt and N-NO3- content of the soil and reduced C/N ratio.
NOISE POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS. CASE STUDY – CLUJ-NAPOCA TOWN
Authors: Mihăiescu Tania , Odagiu Antonia
Published: December 2021

Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, has been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. Slowly, insensibly, we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although we attempt to set standards for some of the most major sources of noise, we often are unable to monitor them. Community awareness of environmental noise has increased and there is a higher expectation for state and local government to reduce noise levels. The present study provides an evaluation of noise pollution in Cluj-Napoca. Equivalent noise levels (L eq) were measured in 10 points (each point measured during 30 min). Measured values were confronted with Romanian legislation allowed limits. The most noise-polluted points in Cluj Napoca were Mănăştur district – traffic circle and Aurel Vlaicu street (at the international airport limit), with measured L eq of 75.5 dB(A) and 75.91 dB(A).
SAMPLING TESTING FOR FORAGE QUALITY
Authors: Odagiu Antonia , Oroian I. , Mihăiescu Tania
Published: December 2021

The identification of the suitable sample size and adequate sampling place when alfalfa hay was chemically analyzed in order to determine its nutritional value was the aim of our test. Two loads of alfalfa hay were used for collecting samples, two sizes each (15 and 10 subsamples, variant I and II, respectively). The crude protein content was determined using AOAC protocol. By assessing the statistic parameters of the crude protein content of the forage, function of the sampling place and sample size, we observed the influence of the sampling technique on the accuracy of the determinations. The highest coefficient of variability was recorded when samples were collected from the base of the load in each case. Only the crude protein content differences between the samples collected from the other parts of the load and base of the load (variant I, in both loads) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Within the same load, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were recorded. Even notable differences were not obtained in crude protein content determination function of sampling place or sampling size, the need and care in sampling should be considered.
CONSIDERATIONS ON RECYCLING POSSIBILITIES OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TREATMENT
Authors: Morar Maria V.
Published: December 2021

In our country, the developments of the measures for the prevention of the environmental pollution are aligning to the UE Directives. The costs for the treatment of the water wastes are continuously increasing, following to the also increasing of the investments costs. Therefore it is necessary to accord attention for the alternatives of cleaning, treating, respective recycling of the agro-industrial wastes and their reintroduction in the natural circuit.

At the processing of the food results wastes with high organic charge. The effluents form the processing of dairy products, sugar, starch, beer yeasts as well as breweries or distilleries are getting fast into acids fermentation, finally resulting organic acids. Such process water wastes can be released in the canalization by dilution or by a suitable treating. As an example, for the distillery wastes (distillery slops) with a high dry matter contents (4-20%), the waste water treatment plant shall be designed properly (with mechanical separation step and biological treatment) to ensure the capacity of purifying according to the high flow and increased concentration, due to the high CBOD5 concentration. The treatment of such water wastes can be realized with aerobic processes, which suppose a high energetic consumption. While in the aerobic purifying processes 50 % of the CBOD5 is involved in the forming of biomass and slurry in excess, in the anaerobic treatment processes (anaerobic or methane digestion) a high part of the substrate (until 70 %) is metabolized through the metabolic transformation of bacterial flora, with production of biogas. Therefore, the concentrated water wastes, with potential for the energy production could offer a possibility of energy replacement in the own processing units.

The paper presents a review of the anaerobic digestion for different wastes from the agro-industrial processing and their potential for the biogas production. There are presented possibilities of mixture, respectively of co-digestion of different wastes the agro-industrial processing with other wastes from the agriculture (from cereals processing, biomass, manure etc). Simultaneously biogas plants from the praxis with functioning characteristics are presented.
LAB-ON-A-CHIP AND FOOD SAFETY: BIOSENSORS AND BIOCOMPOSITES TO IDENTIFY FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND CHEMICALS
Authors: Socaciu Carmen , Botar Alexandru , Apostu Sorin
Published: December 2021

We live in a new era of nano- and microtechnologies, applied in fundamental science and more and more in life sciences and industrial technologies. The review aims to reveal the progress in using miniaturized devices (biosensors, nanocomposites) for identifying foodborne patogens or chemicals, risk factors which can evidentiate the quality and safety of food products in the technological chain up to the consumer. Lab-on-a-chip concept (LOC) defines specific miniaturized devices produced our days by highly specialized companies to make fast, low price and high sensibility which reflect the presence and the quantity of specific plant, food or human tissue /blood chemical/molecular marker.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES EVALUATION FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF APPLE VINEGAR WITH UNALCOHOLIC RED WINE CONCENTRATES ADDITION
Authors: Poiană Mariana Atena , Gergen I. , Moigrădean Diana , Târu Viorica , Dogaru Diana
Published: December 2021

In this paper it was obtained the apple vinegar with addition of red wines concentrates in different percents for to improve the antioxidant properties. For processing of red wine concentrates it was used the young red wines Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. For resulted vinegar types were analyzed total acidity, extract, total antioxidant capacity (using FRAP method), total polyphenols amount (by Folin-Ciocalteu method) and monomeric anthocyanins (using pH-differential method).

Polyphenols content from vinegar with Cabernet Sauvignon concentrates addition was situated in the range 0.74-3.42 mM gallic acid/L and for vinegar with red wine Merlot concentrates addition between 0.74-2.64 mM gallic acid/L. The antioxidant capacity was presented the values between 0.45-8.18 mM Fe2+/L for apple vinegar with Cabernet Sauvignon concentrates addition and between 0.45-6.69 mM Fe2+/L for vinegar with Merlot concentrate addition. The polyphenols content and monomeric anthocyanins content of apple vinegars with red wine concentrates increase in rapport with the percent of red wines concentrates added. The values of polyphenols content and total antioxidant capacity were more with approximate 20% in the case of vinegar with Cabernet Sauvignon concentrates addition comparatively with the case of vinegar with Merlot concentrates addition.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES EVALUATION FOR SOME KERNEL FRUITS OILS COMPARATIVELLY WITH VEGETABLE TRADITIONAL OILS
Authors: Popa Viorica Mirela , Poiana Mariana Atena , Jianu I. C. , Moigradean Diana , Raba Nicoleta Diana
Published: December 2021

In this paper was evaluation the antioxidant properties expressed as total antioxidant capacity (by FRAP method), and total polyphenols content (by Folin-Ciocalteu method) for fruit kernel oils (plum and apricot kernel oils) and for traditionally vegetable oils (olive oil, sunflower oil and pumpkin oil).

The antioxidant capacity for plum kernel oil varied between 0.423-1.895 mM Fe2+/L for apricot kernel oil between 0.345-1.765 mM Fe2+/L, for olive oil in the range 0.284-1.56 mM Fe2+/L and for sunflower and pumpkin oil between 1.86-2.79 mM Fe2+/L.

The values obtained for polyphenols content were situated in the range 0.58-2.85 mM gallic acid /L for fruits kernel oils and between 0.387-2.289 mM gallic acid/L) for traditional vegetable oils.

The antioxidant capacity was highly correlated with the polyphenols amount (correlation coefficient R= 0.92844 for plum kernel oil, R=0.88161 for apricol kernel oil, R=0.97567 for olive oil, R=0.99897 for sunflower and pumpkin oil).
BAKING QUALITY OF THE RYE FLOUR
Authors: Banu Iuliana
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present paper was to provide information about the way in which physical, biochemical and technological properties of the rye flour influence its baking quality. We analyzed the influence of granularity, pentosans content, gelling properties of the starch and α-amylase activity on the quality of the rye bread. Four different varieties of Romanian ryes were milled through Bühler MCK-6188F laboratory aggregate using a modified technical scheme. Our results indicate that the specific volume of the bread is directly correlated with the percentage of soluble pentosans in water (r=0.973) and with the peak of amylographic viscosity (r=0.956). An indirect correlation was obtained between the elasticity of the crumb and α-amylase activity (r=0.962). The coarse fractions contain higher pentosans quantities while the fine ones have higher contents of starch.
THE STUDY OF THE FROUD CRITERION INFLUENCE UPON THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTS FROZEN BY FLUIDIZATION
Authors: Chirila Mihaela Gabriela , Tofan I.
Published: December 2021

The quality of the granular products frozen by fluidization depends on the structure of ice crystals. These are formed during the nucleation process. One of the factors which influence the nucleation process is Froude’s criterion.
THE PACKAGING OF TOMATO JUICE IN COMPLEX MATERIALS
Authors: Cioban Camelia , Traşcă T. I.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the experimental results for the packaging of tomato juice in bags that are made from complex plastic materials, through some preservation processes. The product is packaging in bags made from the complex plastic material PA / PVDC (polyamide / polyvinylidene chloride). In such a material, the products preserved their characteristics – sensorial, physic-chemical and microbiological up to three months.
Researches regarding the autioxdant capacity during the manufacturing of fruit (apples, blackberry, bilberry, raspberry) vinegar
Authors: Dogaru Diana Veronica , Radu Florina , Stoin Daniela , Jianu I.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to point out antioxidant capacity of some kinds of fruits ( apples, bilberry, blackberry, raspberry) and vinegar obtained from these kinds of fruits. Nutritional antioxidants gain lately a special attention from researchers for their potential effects on preventing or improving more than 100 chronicle degenerative diseases, as cancer, heart diseases, growing older phenomenon. Antioxidant capacity was determined with DPPH method during the process of fermentation (samples were taken in 3 periods during fermentation processes).
THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS OBTAINING CREAM LIQUOR
Authors: Georgescu L. , Jianu I. , Hădărugă Nicoleta , Berbentea F.
Published: December 2021

The research is in the study of the variation of consistency, of stability in time for cream liquor recipe, in which we use various quantities of thickeners and stabilizers.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF BENZOIC ACID IN TOMATO SAUCE AND KETCHUP
Authors: Nour Violeta , Trandafir I. , Ionică Mira Elena
Published: December 2021

According to Directive 95/2/EC dated on 20.02.1995 of the European Union (EU), the benzoic acid belongs to the preservatives allowed conditionally, and the quantity of benzoic acid added to foods is restricted by upper limits. There are many methods available for the analysis of benzoic acid in foods and the decision as to what method should be used depends on the matrix to be analyzed. Most of the methods are for liquids and further method development may be required to adapt these methods to be applicable for all matrices.

As all tomato sauce and ketchup available on our market are made with benzoic acid addition and their consumption is high, the operational parameters leading to the development of a method for the analysis of benzoic acid within tomato sauce and ketchup have been studied, the technique used is the high performance liquid chromatography together with diode array detection (DAD). It has been tried to validate the analysis method settled, in terms of sensitivity, linearity range, reproducibility, repeatability and recovery. The method provides a stable retention time and a limit of detection of 0.8 mg/kg in the sample at a signal to noise ratio of 3.

For analysis, the sample is extracted or diluted with water, and the solution of the sample with the benzoic acid is purified by an extraction with Carrez reagents. The benzoic acid in the sample test solution is separated on a C18 chromatography column in a reversed phase, detected by absorbance at the wavelength of 217 nm and quantified with a calibration graph.
TECHNICAL ANALYZES OF DATA AND THE PREDICTION ON BVB REGARDING A MILK PRODUCT PROCESSING COMPANY
Authors: Ungur O. , Bordean Despina Maria , Pirvulescu Luminita , Gergen I.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to predict the development of market price movements using the most popular technical indicators on a new type of interpretation. Technical indicators are series of data points derived by applying a formula to the price data of a security what includes any combination of the open, high, low or close prices over a period of time. This analysis can help investors to anticipate what will happen to prices over the time. We study the evolution and prediction for company ALBALACT SA Alba Iulia, symbolized ALBZ which is in Exchange segment RASDAQ, part of BVB. We are proving that a better prediction could be done using a increasing number of indicators, or using statistical analyses of data. For that we are using an indicator named Rate-of-Change (ROC) which is a centered oscillator that fluctuates above and below zero line, completed with MVSP statistical analyze of data in order to predict the evolution of prices.
NEW UTILIZATIONS OF BUCKWHEAT BEANS EXPANDED IN SUGAR PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
Authors: Racolţa E. , Muste Sevastiţa , Şteţca G. , Ţibulcă D.
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to present the researches carried on the buckwheat (Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib., sin.Fagopyrum esculentum Monich. Based on the nutritional value relatively close to the other cereal beans used in man`s nourishment, the buckwheat grains are on the future raw materials for the production of expanded cereals in the food industry.

The research has been performed on the buckwheat of local population, of the crop of the year 2001 by achieving the most adequate physical parameters for expanding: roasting time (factor A), steam pressure (factor B) and steam impregnation time (factor C).

For the assessment of the factors influence throughout several graduations, we have used the EVOP statistical processing method and variance method. The best outcomes whereby the grain volume has increased by 10,25 times, have been obtained when combining the factors: A = 12 min., B = 10 atm., C = 3 min.
RESEARCHES ON SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF PHYTOSTEROLS FROM TALL OIL IN A VIEW OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Pascal Livia Svetlana , Segal Rodica
Published: December 2021

The tall oil is a by-product resulted from the fabrication of softwood pulp by using the sulphate boiling technique. The most important components of the tall oil are the phytosterols, used in cosmetics, medicine. Lately, the phytosterols are introduced in functional foods due to their properties of decreasing the cholesterol in low density lipoproteins (LDL).

In this paper the physical-chemical characteristics of the tall oil provided by the Someş, Dej Pulp Plant were studied. As a result of the studied carried out using analytical methods, it was determined that the content in phytosterols of the tall oil is of 2.68%.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOYBEAN FIBERS IN THE BISCUITS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY - THE PRELEVATION OF AMINOACIDS IN BISCUITS BY THIN LAYER CROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Modoran Constanţa , Stănilă Andreea , Lazăr Daniela , Modoran D. , Modoran Adela Frigioiu
Published: December 2021

Due to it’s high, best quality protein content, soybean is one of the few sources of vegetal origin that provides all eight essential amino-acids, being an important source of folic acid, vitamins B3, B6, E, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper and phosphorus. It contains quality lipids as well (polinonsaturated fatty acids) and it causes a drop of the “bad” cholesterol level from the body (LDL-cholesterol decreases with 12.9%). Good cholesterol level increases on an average with 9% and the triglycerid concentration from the blood drops, with approximately 10.5%.[2] The present paper points out the influences soybean fiber enrichment has on biscuits in the technological processing and also on the qualitative content of amino-acids. To achieve this, thin layer chromatography was used from biscuits samples with different soybean fiber enrichments and a witness sample of soybean fiber. Another studied aspect was the influence of extraction solvents (ethylic alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide) upon the amino-acids spots resolution. The experiment ascertained that the rheological properties of the soybean fiber enriched dough were improved, the amino acid quantity grew exponentially with the growth of fiber content in the biscuits and the most efficient solvent was isopropyl alcohol.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN THE FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS WITH THE YOGURT CULTURE YF-L 811
Authors: Simiţaru Ina , Segal Rodica
Published: December 2021

The exopolysaccharides produced by the lactic acid bacteria confer the possibility to obtain fermented dairy products of good quality, with desirable rheological properties, and diverse benefits for health. The capacity of lactic acid bacteria to produce exopolysaccharides is influenced by culture media and the conditions of growth.

The purpose of this work was to study the thermophile yogurt culture YF-L 811, which contains Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. The study was based on the capacity of the culture to produce exopolysaccharides in different temperature conditions and with different ingredients added in culture media. The amount of exopolysaccharides was correlated to viscosity of the yogurt.
THE ESTABLISH OF THE TOTAL GERMS NUMBER (TGN)/CM2 ON THE AREA OF CATTLE CARCASS AFTER AIR DRYING OPERATION
Authors: Ţibulcă D. , Sălăgean D. , Jimborean Mirela , Man C. , Şteţca G. , Racolţa E.
Published: December 2021

The total number of germs present in 1 cm2 of carcass surface shows the degree of contamination during slaughtering as well as the hygienic condition of the air, the slaughtering hall, the equipment getting in contact with the carcasses, of the utensils, operators’ work equipment, of the operators’ hygiene. The indicator is determined by inoculating microorganisms from the carcasses surface in nutritional and selective environments, followed by their placing under heat control and counting of the microorganisms.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE PROTEOLITICAL MODIFICATIONS DURING THE FERMENTATION AND THE STORAGE OF DAIRY PRODUCT-SANA
Authors: Rotar Ancuţa Mihaela , Semeniuc Cristina , Apostu S. , Suharoschi Ramona , Mureşan Crina , Laslo C. , Guş Camelia , Culea Monica
Published: December 2021

In this study were followed biochemical modifications of dairy product-sana, during processing. The researches were focused on two main working directions:

- appreciation of raw milk quality;

- dairy product-sana amino–acids determination by gas chromatography method.