bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF PLASTIC IN BITUMEN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD
Authors: Chougule Prof. A. P. , Umare Prof. Mahendra
Published: June 2024

The use of plastic in bitumen will allow for the utilization of waste plastic materials it increases the quality of the road in this case plastic bitumen can reduce the overall cost of the project since plastic bitumen can increase the life of the road & reduce the long term maintenance requirement it should provide long term cost saving to the agency when the proper use of plastic bitumen in construction of a road. In this project, we have to increase the concentration of plastic & decrease the concentration of bitumen by taking different concentration ratios of plastic & bitumen. We have to design the module of plastic bitumen blend which have all the standard properties of the regular bitumen by taking a different test like flash fire point, penetration etc, on plastic bitumen blend.
AI IN THE PROFESSION OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Kumar Amit
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has yet to have a substantial impact in a quickly changing world where it is being investigated. With this, AI undoubtedly can be seen as a fundamental instrument for the future, although whether it will be successful, while still intelligent, is still in question. Analyzing the various technologies, this research paper will examine which role AI could play in the architectural design process as well as architects themselves. A case study of two houses which have been designed using AI in real time helps to uncover the limitations of current AI and subsequent scope of development in the future for AI to assist in better design solutions. Interviews with field experts helps to understand how present architects can keep pace with the future that Ai offers and the utmost need for SOCIAL VALUE addition to make the designers indispensable. Further look at the AI advancements in other fields, this paper attempts to predict the future critical AI developments which can be revolutionary in the field of architecture and the possible opportunities that it offers to the designers as the programme developer.
AN REVIEW ARTICLE ON EFFICIENCY OF SELF HEALING CONCRETE
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kumar Pappu , Yadav Onkar , Kumar Keshav
Published: June 2024

Concrete is a vital component in the construction industry, and we employ a variety of materials, techniques, and processes to achieve durable and sustainable concrete. Despite taking precautions during the mixing, casting, and curing stages, cracks in concrete are an unavoidable occurrence. Numerous factors, such as temperature variations and heavy loads, can contribute to crack formation in structures. These cracks can lead to increased seepage, which in turn results in the corrosion of reinforcement, reduced durability, and shortened lifespan of the structure. Currently, epoxy systems and acrylic resins are utilized to repair cracks, but these methods are not environmentally friendly. Moreover, physical maintenance at challenging locations like high-rise buildings, basements, or underwater structures is impractical and poses significant safety risks. In such scenarios, the implementation of self-healing concrete proves to be highly beneficial
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF PLAN ASPECT RATIO ON SEISMIC RESPONSES OF RCC BUILDINGS USING ETABS
Authors: B. K Shruthi , Mishra S. Sangita , Maralapalle Vedprakash
Published: June 2024

Seismic design is a critical aspect of constructing safe and resilient buildings in earthquake-prone regions. The layout and design of a building play a significant role in determining its behavior under seismic forces. The as pectratio, defined as the ratio of a building's width to its height, is an important parameter that affects its structural response during earthquakes. The placement of the core within the building is crucial as it directly impacts the distribution of lateral forces and stiffness of the structure. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of plan aspect ratio on the seismic performance of RCC buildings. This study investigates the effects of plan aspect ratio on the seismic responses of rein forced concrete (RCC) buildings using ETABS software. The research aims to assess the impact of core placement in structures with different aspect ratios and analyze various parameters such as story drift, shear forces, and other relevant factors. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of how the placement of the core within a building influences its response to seismic loads. The results obtained from the analysis of the seismic responses of RCC buildings with different aspect ratios and core placements indicate significant variations in their behavior. Story 7consistently exhibits the highest displacement values in both the X and Y directions across different aspect ratios, suggesting that this story is more vulnerable to seismic loads. Aspect Ratio 1:1.5 and Story 4 generally demonstrate the lowest displacement values, indicating a more favorable response to seismic forces. Additionally, Story 1 exhibits the highest shear force, whereas Aspect Ratio 1:2 experiences the lowest shear force in Story 1. The maximum lateral load occurs in Aspect Ratio 1:1, while Story 7 experiences the highest lateral load in both directions. These findings emphasize the influence of core placement on the impact of seismic loads on the structure.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITHRED MUD, FLY ASH AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER
Authors: M P Dr. Rudraswamy , M Mahadeva , Kumar Dr. M T Prathap
Published: June 2024

This experimental investigation aims to assess the influence of replacing cement with red mud at different rates (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on M25 grade concrete. Simultaneously, it introduces 20% Class F fly ash as an additional cementitious material and explores various volume fractions of polypropylene fiber (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) to study their impact on the workability of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PPFRC) and red mud-infused PPFRC. The study also evaluates the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of M25 grade concrete as cement is replaced with red mud (ranging from 5% to 20%) while incorporating 20% fly ash and the optimal polypropylene fiber content. Based on the present experimental study, it was concluded that both red- mud and fly ash can be used as a replacement for cement along with polypropylene fibers that induces good tensile strength and ductility when added at optimum percentage of 1.5%. The findings indicate that a combination of 15% red mud, 20% fly ash, and 1.5% polypropylene fibers yields the best results in terms of strength and sustainability. This approach also contributes to reducing environmental impact and addressing industrial waste disposal challenges.
CONFORMAL CURVATURE TENSOR COMPILED WITH A METRIC SEMI-SYMMETRIC CONNECTION OF ALMOST HYPERBOLIC TACHIBANA MANIFOLDS
Authors: Sulochana Ms , Negi U. S.
Published: June 2024

Negi, et. al. (2019) has established an analytic HP-transformation in almost Kaehlerian spaces. Also, study on Projective recurrent and Symmetric tensor in Almost Kaehlerian Spaces. After that, Negi and Preeti Chauhan (2021), have accomplished Kaehlerian Manifolds with H-Projective and Bochner Recurrent Curvature Tensor of first order. In this chapter, we have calculated Conformal curvature tensor compiled with a metric semi-symmetric connection of Almost Hyperbolic Tachibana Manifolds and some theorems established.
AN EXPANDED CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL STUDYING EFFECT OF VELOCITY DIFFERENCE WITH DRIVER MEMORY
Authors: Priyanka Ms. , Redhu Poonam
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, we present an expanded car-following model studying the collective influence of the driver's sensory memory as well as the velocity differential between the following and leading vehicles in the traffic flow process. The stability conditions are determined by doing a linear stability analysis on three types of traffic flows in the headway-sensitivity space: stable, metastable, and unstable. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the space-time evolution of headways and headway profiles is performed. The numerical simulation results match closely with the theoretical conclusions. The following car driver's sensory buffer time and velocity differential play a crucial influence on traffic flow stability, according to both analytical and simulation data.
TELESCOPE DEVELOPMENT FOR MAKING SMALL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Bhoi Tarangini , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: June 2024

The telescope has been an indispensable tool in the field of astronomy, enabling scientists to explore and study the wonders of the universe. While large-scale telescopes have historically dominated the field, there is a growing need for instruments capable of making precise and targeted small observations. This abstract presents an overview of the development of telescopes specifically designed for conducting small-scale observations. Advancements in technology have facilitated the creation of telescopes optimized for making focused and detailed observations of specific celestial objects or phenomena. These telescopes are characterized by their compact size, enhanced sensitivity and improved resolution, enabling researchers to delve into the intricacies of astronomical objects on a smaller scale. This chapter examines the key innovations and milestones in the development of telescopes for small observations. It explores the utilization of specialized optics, such as apochromatic lenses and catadioptric systems, which contribute to improved image quality and reduced aberrations. Additionally, the integration of innovative detector technologies, such as charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, has revolutionized the sensitivity and precision of small observation telescopes. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the significance of computerized control systems and advanced software algorithms in automating observation processes and enhancing data analysis capabilities. These advancements have streamlined the workflow, increased efficiency, and allowed for the implementation of remote and autonomous observations, opening up new avenues for scientific exploration. The study also addresses the diverse range of scientific applications that benefit from small observation telescopes. Examples include exoplanet transit studies, variable star monitoring, asteroid tracking, and deep sky imaging of compact objects. The compact nature and portability of these telescopes have further expanded their accessibility, enabling amateur astronomers and educational institutions to actively contribute to scientific research. This abstract provides an overview of the development of telescopes dedicated to making small observations. The evolution of optics, detectors, control systems, and software has collectively contributed to the advancements in this field, enabling precise, targeted, and accessible exploration of the universe on a smaller scale. The continued development of small observation telescopes holds immense potential for further discoveries and enriches our understanding of the cosmos.
FUSION DYNAMICS OF 48TI + 60NI REACTION
Authors: Samiksha Ms. , Gautam Manjeet Singh , Kumar Anand , Ghanghas Vijay
Published: June 2024

The fusion dynamics of 48Ti + 60Ni reaction is studied through simple Wong formula and Symmetric Asymmetric Gaussian Barrier Distribution (SAGBD) model. Fusion excitation function estimated by using Wong formula is significantly deviated from experiment data at sub-barrier energies, which demonstrates significance of intrinsic channels associated with participants in fusion process. Simple Wong formula falls short of explaining data particularly at energies below the barrier but the SAGBD model explained data qualitatively as well as quantitatively for above reaction. The impacts of dominant channels on fusion process for their action 48Ti + 60Ni is examined in terms of channel coupling parameter and .The percentage reduction in height of effective barrier() relative to Coulomb barrier is due to involvement of nuclear structure effect. The non-vanishing values of these parameters indicates significant impacts of nuclear structural properties of fusing pair on the fusion process.
5 D EMERGENT KERR TUNNELING VACUA
Authors: Singh Dr. Sunita
Published: June 2024

Gravity is one the fundamental force of nature and understanding a quantum theory of gravity is always been a central question in physics. In this paper, we have tried to explore a gauge theory on a D-brane in 5D. The local degrees of a two form have been exploited to construct a geometric torsion dynamics in a non-perturbation theory of quantum gravity. Two different gauge choice of torsion field results into two different type of Kerr geometries that shows tunneling phenomenon.
PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF- INCRIMINATION IN RELATION TO JURISPRUDENCE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Abraham Jyothi
Published: June 2024

In this Article, the privilege against self-incrimination is analyzed, with the data encryption in digital gadgets and the complexity involved, the author attempts to base his in-depth analysis on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights case laws regarding self-Incrimination. Taken into consideration the reasoning drawn from the various cases brought before the European Court of Human Rights, the author tried to analyse cases such as forcing a person to produce a decryption key or self-decrypting information and subsequently submits the content in a readable format. The conclusion was that the privilege against self incrimination also applies to the context of encryption / decryption of computer data. The author also attempted to settle the question of the scope of the privilege in the sense that it precludes coercion to active cooperation.
THE STRESS SOLUTION: A GUIDE TO STRESS MANAGEMENT IN THE MODERN WORLD
Authors: Sipai Dr. S. A. , Zala Dr. M. B. , Rathwa Dr Y. H. , Patel Dr V.N.
Published: June 2024

This comprehensive chapter on stress management provides a multifaceted exploration of stress, its origins, and various coping strategies for individuals and organizations. It delves into the intricate interplay between stress and its impact on mental, emotional, and physical health, emphasizing the need for effective stress management techniques in the modern world. The lecture begins by elucidating the multifaceted nature of stress, acknowledging its potentially beneficial and detrimental effects, depending on context and intensity. It explores various types of stress, including acute, chronic, work-related, financial, relationship, and traumatic stress, highlighting the associated symptoms and impacts on overall well-being. Furthermore, the lecture examines the physiological and psychological responses to stress, particularly the fight-or-flight theory, emphasizing the need for adaptive coping strategies beyond the instinctual responses. It delves into several stress management theories, including the General Adaptation Syndrome, Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, and Cognitive Appraisal Theory, highlighting the importance of cognitive restructuring and social support in effective stress management. Moreover, the lecture provides an extensive array of stress management techniques, including mindfulness and meditation, physical exercise, time management, and cognitive techniques, among others, underscoring the significance of self-care and seeking professional help when necessary. The lecture concludes by emphasizing the individualized nature of stress management and the importance of cultivating self-awareness and resilience to navigate life is challenges effectively. It also emphasizes the need for a holistic approach in addressing organizational stress, promoting work-life balance, open communication, and fostering a positive work environment.
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND PROBLEMS OF VARANASI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AREA, VARANSI, UTTARPRADESH
Authors: Bala Shouvonik
Published: June 2024

Municipal solid waste management is one of the major problems of municipalities. It involves huge costs as well as technical political, legal, socio-cultural, environmental and economic issues. So the waste management system is very complex. Improper management of MSW is a growing concern for cities in developing countries, so proper management is imperative and this is where the importance of sustainable waste management is essential. In India still more than 90% of MSW is directly disposed unscientifically on land (Singh. RS, 2017). This paper deals with the case study of municipal solid waste and its sustainable management in Varanasi city. Varanasi city is the cultural and religious capital of India and a tourist spot of International reputation which needs to develop an appropriate strategy to manage its waste effectively. The main objective of this paper is to give an overview of the phases of waste management, as well as some suggestions for waste minimization, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. Through which sustainable waste management is achieved. Sustainable waste management meaning to the collection, transit, evaluation and disposal of various types of waste, in a manner which is not harmful to the environment, human health or future generations. It creates employment, improves waste management practices, recycles products, uses alternative energy sources, and reduces the negative impact of waste on the environment and people through treatment, thereby improving air and water quality. Sustainable waste management aims to keep materials in use as long as possible, reduced the consumptions of natural resource, produce minimal waste of natural resource and minimize the amount of solid waste disposed of through landfills or incineration. It is the duty for all of us to preserve our environment for our future generations. So, we have to maintain the concept of sustainability.
HUMAN RIGHT ISSUE OF DALITS: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Vidhuri Payal
Published: June 2024

After the United Nations followed the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" on December 10th, 1948, human rights have become a subject of dialogue across the world. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights seventy-fifth anniversary of adoption is being honored this year. This paper presentation attempts to in the brief study the connection among Dalits and Human Rights, especially in post-independence India. A short record of the Dalits' transition from untouchability to scheduled castes in India is likewise included. The paper discusses the position of human right holders and actors responsible for advancing and enforcing human rights (governments and non-governmental organizations).
Analisis Kesulitan Membaca Permulaan pada Siswa Kelas Rendah: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bersky Amanda Berlia , Alwi Nur Azmi
Published: June 2024

One important component in the world of education is the ability to read. Even though Indonesia's population is increasing, interest in reading tends to decrease, as evidenced by the percentage of illiterates, which will reach 3.18% in 2023. Reading is the main capital for progress in education, starting from an early age with initial reading in elementary school. However, several difficulties, such as difficulty pronouncing letters, reading diphthongs, and spelling difficulties, are often experienced by students. The aim of this research is to examine the initial reading difficulties of lower-grade students and the strategies implemented by teachers to overcome these problems. This research is useful in helping students master the shapes of letters, words, and sentences, as well as increasing their activity in class. Apart from that, this research aims to increase teacher creativity in creating interesting learning and providing input to improve Indonesian language learning outcomes in lower grades. This research follows PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the Dimensions  and Google Scholar databases.
The Moderating Effect of Inspirational Motivation on the Relationship between Succession Planning and Stability of Evangelical Churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Omae Kepha Nyamweya , Oginde David A. , Njoroge Gladys Gakenia
Published: June 2024

Leadership in churches has gained traction in recent years across the globe, particularly with regard to how decisions are made, and what leadership models to adopt that would both promote ministerial work and build a strong congregation. This study aimed to establish the moderating effect of inspirational motivation on the relationship between succession planning and the stability of Evangelical churches in Nairobi, Kenya. The study employed the use of a pragmatic research philosophy. The target population for this study constituted 300 Evangelical churches in Nairobi County, Kenya, with a total of 1200 leaders. Each church has a Presiding Bishop or General Overseer, the General Secretary, the Senior Pastor, and a Senior Deacon from the various church organizations who formed the respondents for the study. A sample size of 20% of the target population of 300 registered church organizations giving a total of 60 church organizations. In the 60 church organizations, there were 60 Presiding Bishops / General Overseers and 60 General Secretaries. Besides, there were 2 Senior Pastors and 2 Senior Deacons or elders conveniently sampled from each of the 60 church organizations, making a total of 360 leaders. Data was collected using a questionnaire that contained both structured and semi-structured questions. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed to assess the moderating effect of inspirational motivation on succession planning and Evangelical church stability, using SPSS version 27. The findings of the study indicated the existence of a positive and significant correlation between leadership succession planning, inspirational motivation, and church stability. According to the study, inspirational motivation has a moderating effect on the relationship between succession planning and the stability of the Evangelical Churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
Pengaruh Permainan Dore Modifikasi Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Taman Kanak-kanak Aisyiyah 5 Padang
Authors: Syadillah Lovita  , Indra Yeni
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh permainan dore modifikasi terhadap kemampuan motorik kasar anak usia 5-6 tahun di Taman Kanak-kanak Aisyiyah 5 Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dalam bentuk Quasi Eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 26 orang anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Aisyiyah 5 Padang. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya yaitu Cluster Sampling anak kelas B4 dan B5, masing-masing berjumlah 13 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji hipotesis, alat pengumpulan data menggunakan lembaran pernyataan. Data diolah dengan uji perbedaan (t-test) menggunakan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 25.0. Berdasarkan pada analisis data, rata-rata nilai pre-test dan post-test untuk kelompok eksperimen masing-masing ialah 17,92 dan 22,31. Sebaliknya, dalam kelompok kontrol, nilai rata-rata pre-test serta post-test masing-masing ialah 17,46 dan 20,77. Pada pengujian independet sampel t test diperoleh nilai sig (2 tailed) yakni sebesar 0,175. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam permainan dore modifikasi terhadap kemampuan motorik kasar anak usia 5-6 tahun di Taman Kanak-kanak Aisyiyah 5 Padang Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024.
 
Kata Kunci: permainan dore modifikasi, motorik kasar anak usia 5-6 tahun
DYNAMIQUE DES AGRO-FORÊTS ET CONSERVATION DE LA BIODIVERSITÉ DANS L’ARRONDISSEMENT DE BOKITO (CENTRE-CAMEROUN)
Authors: NTSAMA Christine Vanessa
Published: June 2024

Dans le contexte de l’exploitation agricole des écosystèmes de forêt et de savane tropicale, de très nombreuses études évoquent la mise en nu des sols ou la dégradation des sols comme implications. La diversité floristique dans les paysages agro forestiers de Bokito intègre à la fois les espèces indigènes de la savane plantées ou épargnées pendant le défrichement mais aussi les plantes exotiques introduites volontairement par l’homme. La démarche hypothético-déductive a été choisie comme démarche méthodologique. Nous avons travaillé avec deux types de données : les données de sources primaires et les données de sources secondaires. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’importance ...
Heat Transfer Analysis of Insulation Material for the Reserve Hot Water Tank
Authors: Ngooi Shao Neng Shannon
Published: June 2024

A domestic hot water tank represents a significant potential demand-side management asset in energy systems. The selection of insulation materials is crucial for maintaining the temperature of the hot water tank and preventing massive heat loss from the tank. This study aims to analyze the different combinations of insulation material for the reserve hot water tank. Several materials, such as plywood, white bricks, red bricks, plasticine, aluminum foil, styrofoam, fine sand, and glass, were used as the insulation layer in experiments. Seven combinations of insulation layers were made to insulate the mini reserve water tank in the experiment. The insulation layers covered the surface of the water tank, and the initial and final temperature of the hot water was measured. The heat loss from the hot water tank and the thermal resistivity of the insulators were also studied. The experimental results revealed that the combination of plastic, plasticines, styrofoam, and timber yields the lowest heat loss for the hot water tank. This finding indicated that the material with low thermal conductivity is the best insulator for preventing heat loss from the thermal system. Thus, this study is useful in designing and selecting the insulation materials for the reserve hot water tank for domestic and industrial use.
Graphene Oxide Epoxy Resin for Improving Anticorrosive Properties
Authors: Nurul Anis Athirah Ab Aziz  , Chin Wei Lai  , Boon Hoong Ong
Published: June 2024

In this study, anticorrosive coatings were developed for mild steel surfaces using epoxy resin as a barrier with a high aspect ratio. The study investigated the impact of modifying graphene oxide (GO) with d-glucose (D-g) on protecting mild steel from corrosion in a 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for 42 days. The hydrophilic nature of D-glucose, GO, and EP enabled the formation of nanocomposites with uniform distribution of D-g-modified GO in the EP coatings, reducing free volume in the epoxy matrix. The 0.7% D-g modified GO/EP coating exhibited strong anticorrosion properties even in highly corrosive conditions by achieving a high corrosion resistance value of -19.405 mm/year. According to the morphological observation, the 0.7% m-GO/EP coating displayed fewer invisible rusts on the metal substrate even after 42 days. Incorporating D-g/GO significantly improved the corrosion protection performance of the coatings by combining EP and graphene. This study marks the first report on D-g modified GO/EP composite coatings for enhanced anticorrosive properties, making it a noteworthy contribution to eco-friendly corrosion protection mechanisms in EP coating systems in Malaysia. The environmentally friendly approach aligns with sustainable development principles and has garnered global attention from researchers and scientists. Earlier research has extensively explored the effect of surface-functionalized GO particles on the corrosion resistance of polymeric coatings.
High Efficiency Carry Save Adder using Modified–gate Diffusion Input Technique
Authors: Teoh Yong Keong  , Siti Fatimah Abd Rahman  , Mohamad Faris Mohamad Fathil  , Mohamed Fauzi Packeer Mohamed  , Adilah Ayoib  , Thikra S. Dhahi
Published: June 2024

Addition is a fundamental function in the design of a digital system, necessary for applications such as signal processing, arithmetic operations, multiplexers, and control systems. Hence, the digital system’s performance is considerably reliant on the efficiency of the adders. Therefore, designing a 4-bit carry save adder (CSA) that consumes less power, occupies a smaller area, and operates at a higher speed is proposed using the modified–gate diffusion input (MOD–GDI) technique. The primary focus is to reduce the area occupied by decreasing the transistor count as compared with other logic styles (i.e., conventional, and Boolean simplification) for CSA through Cadence Virtuoso simulation based on SilTerra 180 nm technology. Notably, the number of transistors is reduced from 42 in the conventional full adder to 11 in the proposed MOD–GDI design. As a result, the proposed 4-bit CSA with MOD–GDI technique is efficient in improving the speed of addition by reducing the area and power consumption.
Study of the Chemical Endurance of Particulate Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Adam Arami Radzif  , Ai Bao Chai  , Shiau Ying Ch'ng  , Kim Yeow Tshai
Published: June 2024

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic made from lactic acid monomers obtained through fermented glucose in crops like wheat and corn. PLA has numerous applications, including industrial packaging, biomedical equipment, and membranes, due to its low toxicity, biodegradability, and recycling potential. However, little is known about the short-term aging effects of particulate reinforced PLA composites in complex environments. This study investigates the chemical endurance of various PLA composites before and after exposure to different chemicals and hygrothermal conditions. The results reveal that the fabrication processing method greatly affects the degradation rate. The PLA/Carbon Fiber Powder (CFP) samples had the highest chemical resistance towards degradation in 1% HNO₃ followed by 2% NaOH with a maximum mass increase of 2.8% and 3.9% respectively. The PLA/CFP samples showed lowest chemical resistance under a combination of water and aging temperature, with an average maximum weight gain of 9.64% throughout the three CFP loadings. Continuous test for 15wt% CFP sample under subsequent liquid immersion and hot air exposure had an insignificant mass loss of 0.76% but a very brittle surface with severe micro and macro cracks were present on the sample surface. In conclusion, while PLA/CFP composites demonstrate notable chemical resistance under certain conditions, the short-term aging effects, particularly under hygrothermal conditions, reveal the significance of fabrication processing methods and the potential brittleness induced by continuous exposure to specific environments, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of material behaviors.
Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metal Ions using Gold Nanoparticles on Carbon Dots Extracted from Curry Leaves
Authors: Nur Syakimah Ismail  , Aidil Safiy Kamarul Ariffin  , Nurul Izzati Akmal Mohd Azman  , Nur Hamidah Abdul Halim  , Norhayati Sabani  , Nurjuliana Juhari  , Siti Aisyah Shamsudin
Published: June 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted attention due to their versatility in electronic and optical properties based on precursor and type of synthesis process. Recently, many researchers have focused on using natural resources or wastes to form CDs. Four samples of CDs have been synthesized from curry leaves using a microwave-assisted approach at heating powers of 700 and 800 V with durations of 5 and 8 minutes. UV-Vis and FTIR spectra reveal the existence of carbon graphitic elements with carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the surfaces of CDs. CVs of AuNPs/CDs/GS electrodes in ferricyanide disclosed that as-synthesized CDs produced using a lower heating power of 700 W exhibit pronounced electrocatalytic activity with sluggish electron transfer kinetics. Conversely, as-synthesized CDs created with a higher heating power of 800 W demonstrate reduced electrocatalytic activity but rapid electron transfer kinetics. Electrochemical detection of Pb2+ ions was observed through a sharp peak around -0.42 to -0.438 V, while detection of Hg2+ ions was observed through two anodic peaks around +0.334 to +0.408 V during a forward scan in acetate buffer (pH 4.5) on AuNPs/CDs/GS electrodes when tested individually. These distinct peaks also appeared in mixture solutions, with a slight reduction in peak current density that suggests the selectivity of the AuNPs/CDs/GS electrodes towards Pb2+ and Hg2+ ion detection. The optimum AuNPs/CDs/GS electrode for sensitive and selective detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ was recorded using CDs D as a functional supporting matrix for AuNPs that was synthesized using a heating power of 800 W for 8 minutes.
Investigating Twist Drill Design Influence on Thrust Force and Surface Roughness in Drilling AFRP/ Al7075-T6 Stacks Materials
Authors: C. T. Xiang  , M. R Abdul Razak  , M. H Hassan  , M. F. Razali
Published: June 2024

Drilling Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (AFRP) presents unique challenges when compared to drilling other composite panels. These difficulties arise from the high-toughness characteristics of aramid fibers, which exhibit a tendency for ductile deformation during the drilling process. This research explores the influence of drill bit design on the drilling process stack-up materials, which comprise Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite Laminates (AFRP) and Aluminum Al7075-T6. Three distinct bit designs were employed in the experiment, conducted on a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine operating at a spindle speed of 2000 rev/min and a feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev. To measure thrust force during drilling, a dynamometer was integrated into the setup. Subsequently, a roughness tester was utilized to assess the hole surface roughness of the stack-up materials. For AFRP materials, the w-point drill design emerged as the optimal choice, reducing thrust force by approximately 5% to 13% compared to other drill bit designs. Conversely, for Al7075-T6 panels, the tapered web drill design demonstrated exceptional results, lowering thrust force by approximately 21% and 50% in comparison to burnishing and w-point drill bits, respectively. In terms of hole surface roughness, the burnishing drill type consistently produced the smoothest surfaces, boasting significant improvements of 44% and 82% when compared to the tapered web and w-point drill bits for AFRP panels. Similarly, for Al7075-T6 panels, the burnishing drill type consistently outperformed the tapered web and w-point drill bits by 74% and 88%, respectively, in achieving a superior hole surface finish. These findings underscore the critical importance of selecting the appropriate drill bit design to optimize thrust force reduction and hole surface quality when working with stack-up materials.
Dual Doping of Sulfur and Nitrogen Induces Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Wastes Medical Masks for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Retno Asih  , Fitriani  , Dylia Rahmadyanti  , Haniffudin Nurdiansah  , Norizah A. Karim  , Dita P. Sari  , Fathan Bahfie  , Hideki Nakajima  , Lukman Noerochim  , Muhammad M. Ramli  , Darminto
Published: June 2024

Demand for battery and supercapacitor materials rapidly increases as energy storage deployments accelerate. Waste-based supercapacitors have become a point of interest to accommodate growing demand and awareness of environmentally friendly products. This work aims to examine how doping with sulfur and nitrogen affects the morphology and structure of porous carbon synthesized from waste medical masks and the electrochemical performances of the prepared electrodes. Nitrogen- and sulfur-doped porous carbon (a-C:NS) is successfully obtained by solvothermal and hydrothermal processes in an autoclave followed by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a carbonization procedure. Sulfur- and nitrogen-doping increase the yield compared to the directly carbonized process of the waste medical mask. The a-C:NS sample has a porous feature, showing the presence of S, N, O, and dominant C elements and the formation of C-S and C-N bonds. The supercapacitor electrode prepared from a-C:NS shows an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC)-like characteristic with a high specific capacitance (CS) of 300 F/g at the scanning rate of 5 mV/s. This study shows a possible route to transform polypropylene waste into functional materials for supercapacitor electrodes.
Prevalence and Correlates of Low Back Pain among University Students during Covid 19 Home Conf inement: A Cross sectional Study
Authors: N. A. Majeedkutty  , M. A. Jabbar
Published: June 2024

Students have been confined to their homes to attend online classes during Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the Covid-19 Home Confinement on the prevalence and associated risk factors of low back pain, among university students in Malaysia. A total of 366 university students (155 males and 211 females) aged between 18 and 25 years participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered structured questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and associated risk factors was used. The prevalence of low back pain among university students before Movement Control Order (MCO) was 22.7%, while after MCO, the prevalence was 37.2%. The prevalence of LBP in females was 45.0% and males was 26.5%. Stepwise regression analysis showed that prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, being female, third year student and being obese significantly contributed to the occurrence of low back pain among university students during Covid-19 home confinement. The Covid-19 Home Confinement resulted in a significant increase in the prevalence of low back pain.
Current Issues Related to Anthropometry in Engineering
Authors: A.H.Hilmi  , A.R.A.Hamid
Published: June 2024

Anthropos and Metrikos both mean "human" in Greek, which is where the term anthropometry comes from. Anthropometry is employed in a variety of fields, including apparel and textile design. For anthropometric evaluations, a current, thorough, and community-specific anthropometric normative-reference standard is necessary. In health care, ergonomic design is utilised to reduce pain and illness. Misalignments between humans and machines result in pain, accidents, biomechanical stress, tiredness, and musculoskeletal injuries. Designing for the anthropometrics of end users improves long-term viability. The human body comes in a wide range of sizes and shapes. Manual measurement and 3D scanning procedures, on the other hand, are inefficient and expensive, making precise body measurements difficult. This is especially true for head-worn medical devices. Manual measurement and 3D scanning are inefficient and expensive, making precise body measurements difficult. Grip strength and force were determined using hand measurements. Anthropometric parameter estimate is more precise when a 3D model is used to boost pinnae features. While numerous anatomical features have been gathered to aid in the ergonomic design of wearable devices, there is still a lot more work to be done. In three dimensions, the segment masses and torso Centre of Mass (COM) may be calculated. Researchers tracking mobility would benefit greatly from the ability to locate the body COM using a weighted sum of segment masses. Design features such as comfort and usefulness are crucial. Ergonomic characteristics like taller seats with front slopes and saddle chairs encourage good posture, movement, and alternation. In the creation of wearable technologies, using outdated anthropometric reference standards may be insufficient. This review discuses common issues related to anthropometry in engineering which includes the human body, anthropometric parameters, anthropometric measurements, the force plate method, ergonomic design, and body dimension. The goal is to give a broad overview of the subject.
Os conceitos de tempo e memória de Santo Agostinho em A Chave de Casa de Tatiana Salem Levy
Authors: Acosta Helen Agustina Velasco , Costa José Carlos da
Published: June 2024

A autoficção, gênero híbrido que surge da mescla entre autobiografia e ficção, nasce de um sujeito que percebe o presente como algo transitivo e célere. Na impossibilidade de capturar significados enquanto eles estão em fuga, os narradores e personagens buscam sentido no tempo já solidificado, isto é, no passado, presentificado em forma de memória, e a partir de uma constante e árdua reflexão, intentam narrar a si mesmos a sua história. Este artigo pretende verificar como os conceitos de tempo e a memória, conforme entendidos por Santo Agostinho, se desenvolvem no livro A Chave de Casa, de Tatiana Salem Levy. Se este gênero literário, que cresce e se expande gradualmente, procura explicações no passado, a pergunta subsequente pode apontar somente para as motivações que fundamentam esta busca, e mais: o que é o tempo e a memória, e o que há neles que é suficientemente sólido para apoiar a questão do sentido da vida? Assim, esta pesquisa limita o seu objeto de estudo aos livros X e XI das Confissões, parcela da obra em que Agostinho discorre sobre os conceitos que nos contemplam, enquanto considera a completude de A Chave de Casa para alcançar o seu objetivo.
Estado e cultura política no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Pase Hemerson Luiz , Santos Everton , Patella Ana Paula
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste texto é discutir a relação entre a ação do Estado e a cultura política. Nossa hipótese, polêmica e provocativa, afirma que no Brasil a ocupação territorial e econômica bem como a constituição da sociedade e do sistema político dá origem a uma cultura política de subserviência que, por sua vez, desestimula a participação cidadã para que demande suas preferências, fiscalizando o Estado ou constituindo a agenda das políticas públicas. A cultura política subserviente estimula uma passividade e esperança da concessão de alguma benesse (política pública) por parte de um governante.  Para tanto utilizaremos o marco teórico da cultura política e recorreremos metodologicamente à revisão histórica do caso do Rio Grande do Sul, desde o período colonial, além de informações coletadas em pesquisas empíricas realizados no RS bem como dados oferecidos pelo Latinobarômetro para a América Latina.
A lógica da corrupção revelada pela Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito da Pandemia
Authors: Muramatsu Roberta , Scarano Paulo Rogério , Prando Rodrigo Augusto
Published: June 2024

O objetivo do artigo é examinar a aplicabilidade de um arcabouço analítico baseado nas perspectivas da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), Teoria da Escolha Pública (TEP) e Escola Austríaca de Economia (EA) para explicar a lógica econômica da corrupção pública sistêmica, desvendada pela Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito (CPI) da Pandemia. Para tanto é realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, baseada na análise de conteúdo do Relatório Final da CPI da Pandemia, para codificar e analisar as evidências textuais extraídas das categorias NEI, TEP e EA. Os resultados evidenciam que há indícios de corrupção em casos de vendas de insumos médicos para o Ministério da Saúde; desvios de recursos em hospitais federais; esquemas suspeitos de negociação e compras de vacinas e de irregularidades no contrato de operação logística. Do ponto de vista das relações internacionais, ao lado do pouco interesse por soluções multilaterais, como o consórcio COVAX Facility, criado para possibilitar o acesso às vacinas em todo o mundo, cuja adesão brasileira ocorreu no último dia e manifestando interesse em comprar apenas metade das doses a que teria direito, houve a criação de dificuldades para a compra de vacinas de laboratórios tradicionais (Pfizer, Jansen e Sinovac) de importantes parceiros comerciais brasileiros. Ao mesmo tempo, havia negociações, sempre com a presença de intermediadores, de vacinas até então sem eficácia reconhecida, como a indiana Covaxin. Tais resultados ganham densidade analítica com base nas contribuições da NEI, TEP e EA, para as quais foram encontradas evidências textuais associadas a cada uma dessas categorias.
Uma santa médica? Milagre e medicina nas Vitae Radegundis (Gália - séculos VI e VII)
Authors: Chacon Marcos Pedrazzi
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar e discutir a relação entre a medicina secular, embasada na vigorosa tradição hipocrático-galênica, e a santidade, tendo por base a análise de duas Vitae Radegundis, narrativas hagiográficas, escritas pelo poeta Venâncio Fortunato e a monja Baudonívia, respectivamente, entre fins do século VI e princípios do VII. Seguindo este intento, discorrer-se-á, primeiro, acerca da medicina secular, com enfoque em suas facetas teórica e prática, abarcando, assim, a teoria humoral e as três modalidades de tratamento ou curationes. Adiante, valendo-se da Análise do Discurso Crítica como ferramenta metodológica, procedeu-se à análise de ambas as hagiografias, destacando passagens nas quais tanto a assistência médica prestada por Radegunda quanto os milagres por ela realizados envolviam a utilização de práticas da medicina secular. Ao fim deste estudo, foi possível verificar que, longe de uma situação de ruptura e conflito, as práticas médicas encontravam-se entrelaçadas à vivência da caritas cristã e a própria figura do santo, por vezes, mesclava-se com a do médico.
Eficiência financeira e social das cooperativas de crédito e cooperativas de crédito rural: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Cavinato Nayara Regina , Capitani Daniel Henrique Dario
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho objetiva realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura com abordagem bibliométrica a respeito dos estudos que analisaram as eficiências financeira e social das cooperativas de crédito, incluindo as rurais, utilizando-se do instrumento teórico de intervenção Proknow-C. Em geral, o método de análise envoltória de dados com abordagem da produção é o mais utilizado para a análise das eficiências. No entanto, não foi observado um padrão comum na adoção das variáveis de input e outputs dos modelos, variando de acordo com o perfil das cooperativas de crédito, sua área de atuação e objetivos. Ademais, não há uma consonância a respeito da relação entre eficiência e porte destas instituições, e nem se as rurais são mais ou menos eficientes às não rurais. Destarte, identifica-se uma lacuna para o desenvolvimento de estudos que analisem as eficiências das cooperativas de crédito rural no Brasil, sobretudo a social, além de análises regionais com base na dinâmica do agronegócio e que tragam inovações metodológicas.
Cooperativas de crédito e competitividade no mercado financeiro brasileiro: uma análise das taxas de juros
Authors: Bressan Valéria Gama Fully , Souza Gustavo Henrique Dias , Santos Marcelo Henrique Shinkoda , Braga Marcelo José
Published: June 2024

As cooperativas de crédito e os bancos oferecem serviços financeiros, e, portanto, se tornam concorrentes em um mesmo mercado. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa buscou testar se a participação das cooperativas de crédito no mercado financeiro brasileiro oferece competitividade suficiente para influenciar a redução das taxas de juros do mercado. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é investigar se as cooperativas de crédito exercem influência nas taxas de juros do mercado financeiro. A pesquisa é de natureza quantitativa e os dados são referentes à taxa de juros representativo de empréstimos e títulos. A fim de testar os objetivos propostos, foram realizados testes de diferença de média (Mann-Whitney) e de diferença de mediana. Os resultados indicaram que há diferença entre as taxas bancárias e as taxas cobradas pelas cooperativas de crédito, sendo as das cooperativas de crédito mais baixas que as dos bancos, mas não foram encontradas evidências de que a concorrência exercida pelas cooperativas de crédito fosse suficiente ao ponto de influenciar as taxas de juros cobradas pelos bancos.