bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The resilience of the construction supply chain to urban flooding
Authors: Xu Wenping , Du Wenwen , Proverbs David G.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to determine the key indicators affecting the resilience of the construction supply chain to flooding and calculate the resilience of the urban construction supply chain in three cases city.

Design/methodology/approach

This study combines expert opinions and literature review to determine key indicators and establish a fuzzy EWM-GRA-TOPSIS evaluation model. The index weight was calculated using the entropy weight method, and GRA-TOPSIS was used for comprehensive evaluation.

Findings

The results of the study show that the three cities are ranked from the high to low in order of Hangzhou, Hefei and Zhengzhou.

Originality/value

The innovative method adopted in this study comprising EWM-GRA-TOPSIS reduced the influence of subjectivity, fully extracted and utilized data, in a way that respects objective reality. Further, this approach enabled the absolute and relative level of urban construction supply chain resilience to be identified, allowing improvements in the comprehensiveness of decision-making. The method is relatively simple, reasonable, understandable, and computationally efficient. Within the approach, the entropy weight method was used to assign different index weights, and the GRA-TOPSIS was used to rank the resilience of the construction supply chain in three urban cities. The development of resilience provides a robust decision-making basis and theoretical reference, further enriching research methods, and having strong practical value. The study serves to improve risk awareness and resilience, which in turn helps to reduce losses. It also provides enhanced awareness regarding the future enhancement of supply chain resilience for urban construction.
A study on the formulation of process parameters for soft finger-assisted fabric stitching
Authors: Zhu Yanxi , Shen Jinzhu , Wang Jianping , Zhang Fan , Yao Xiaofeng
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To reduce the difficulty of the sewing process and promote the automation process of fabric sewing, a soft finger-assisted feeding method is proposed to investigate the effect of sewing process parameters on the quality of automatic sewing.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking cotton woven fabrics as an example, the causes of sewing deviation are firstly investigated from three aspects: fabric properties, sewing speed and sewing edge position. By simulating the sewing action of human hands, the method of reducing sewing deviation by using soft fingers to press and feed the fabric is proposed. Then, four sewing process factors, namely, robot arm end pressure, sewing machine speed, sewing needle gauge and stitch density, were selected, and three levels were set for each factor to design orthogonal sewing experiments. The sewing deviation of 1# sample under different sewing processes was measured, and the optimal parameter matching for automatic sewing of this specimen was derived.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that, while sewing cloth automatically, the sewing deviation is significantly influenced by the robotic arm's end pressure, sewing speed, and stitch density, whereas the sewing deviation is not significantly impacted by the needle number.

Originality/value

The findings offer fundamental information for the development of an automated sewing procedure using soft fingers, which has theoretical and real-world application value to speed up the intelligent modernization and transformation of the apparel industry.
Visual SLAM algorithm in dynamic environment based on deep learning
Authors: Yu Yingjie , Chen Shuai , Yang Xinpeng , Xu Changzhen , Zhang Sen , Xiao Wendong
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper proposes a self-supervised monocular depth estimation algorithm under multiple constraints, which can generate the corresponding depth map end-to-end based on RGB images. On this basis, based on the traditional visual simultaneous localisation and mapping (VSLAM) framework, a dynamic object detection framework based on deep learning is introduced, and dynamic objects in the scene are culled during mapping.

Design/methodology/approach

Typical SLAM algorithms or data sets assume a static environment and do not consider the potential consequences of accidentally adding dynamic objects to a 3D map. This shortcoming limits the applicability of VSLAM in many practical cases, such as long-term mapping. In light of the aforementioned considerations, this paper presents a self-supervised monocular depth estimation algorithm based on deep learning. Furthermore, this paper introduces the YOLOv5 dynamic detection framework into the traditional ORBSLAM2 algorithm for the purpose of removing dynamic objects.

Findings

Compared with Dyna-SLAM, the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces the error by about 13%, and compared with ORB-SLAM2 by about 54.9%. In addition, the algorithm in this paper can process a single frame of image at a speed of 15–20 FPS on GeForce RTX 2080s, far exceeding Dyna-SLAM in real-time performance.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a VSLAM algorithm that can be applied to dynamic environments. The algorithm consists of a self-supervised monocular depth estimation part under multiple constraints and the introduction of a dynamic object detection framework based on YOLOv5.
Financial accountability discharged from local government financial statements: an institutional theory approach to accounting change
Authors: Haustein Ellen , Lorson Peter C. , Oulasvirta Lasse Olavi , Sinervo Lotta-Maria
Published: August 2024

Purpose

By focusing on the perspective of politicians, this paper aims to question the change brought about by local government financial statements for accountability. It applies the Burns and Scapens’ (2000) framework of accounting change to explore politicians’ routines when using the accrual accounting information and which type of change was induced by financial statements on financial accountability to politicians and citizens.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering that accounting reforms take time to unfold their effects, this paper studies two countries that have 11 years of difference in the reform implementation and thus a different accounting maturity. A qualitative research approach was used based on 55 semistructured interviews in five Finnish and six German municipalities with 25 councilors from Finland and 30 from Germany.

Findings

Councilors with a longer period of time to adjust to the accounting reforms seem to have developed more routines in using financial statements to assess the financial situation and performance. The change induced in accountability to politicians is partly formal and more evolutionary than revolutionary. The complexity of financial statements can lead to regressive change, especially in financially distressed local governments. As for accountability to citizens, a real change is not observed, reflecting a regressive type of change.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the empirical studies on financial accountability in the public sector context by analyzing the use of financial statements in two-way accountability relations from the perspective of politicians. Thereby, the paper adopts a transnational comparative approach and draws on old institutional economics.
Coaching workshops for managing communication challenges perceived by emergency nurses in Morocco: a pilot experiment
Authors: Chahbounia Rabia , Gantare Abdellah
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In emergency departments, effective communication is of utmost importance to ensure the safety of patients. However, communicating can be quite challenging when dealing with high-stress situations. This study aims to assess the efficacy of coaching workshops, informed by a transtheoretical coaching model, in managing communication challenges perceived by emergency nurses and enhancing their communication skills.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involved seven emergency room nurses working at a public hospital in Morocco. The data were gathered through various instruments, including observation grids, interviews and pre- and post-test questionnaires.

Findings

The study identified prevalent challenges in communication among nurses, notably difficulties in accurately interpreting messages when faced with confrontational attitudes from colleagues or superiors. Additionally, some nurses exhibited asymmetrical communication patterns, prioritizing their own perspectives over others' during interactions. The findings revealed a statistically significant disparity between pre- and post-test scores (P = 0.017). The nurses’ mean score has improved by 5.14 after attending the four workshop coaching experience, passing from 5.71 in the pre-test to 10.85 in the post-test.

Originality/value

This is the first study in Morocco to evaluate the effectiveness of coaching workshops guided by a transtheoretical coaching model in improving communication skills and overcoming communication barriers among working emergency nurses.
Unveiling organizational consciousness: a conceptual framework for nurturing thriving organizations
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Islam Azmat , Islam Zeenat
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This article aims to tackle the organization's problems with a new paradigm of organizational consciousness by developing a framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The Phenomenological and Framework Synthesis approach is used to develop the conceptual framework for organizational consciousness.

Findings

The research article highlights organizational consciousness's implications for long-term sustainable success. It emphasizes the positive impact of conscious organizations on stakeholder well-being and the resolution of environmental and social problems.

Originality/value

The organizational consciousness framework encompasses the collective awareness, values, and purpose that guide an organization's actions and decisions. The framework emphasizes aligning organizational values, needs, and goals with all stakeholders' social, environmental, and well-being. It highlights the interconnectedness of stakeholders and encourages a system-thinking perspective. Furthermore, it acknowledges the role of individual and group consciousness in driving organizational transformation. It discusses the pathway to organizational success through conscious practices, emphasizing value creation beyond monetary gain. It explores the role of conscious leadership, innovative and continuous learning, and adaptation in fostering conscious organizations.
Population structure and pathogen interaction of Escherichia coli in freshwater: Implications of land‐use for water quality and public health in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Cookson Adrian L. , Devane Meg , Marshall Jonathan C. , Moinet Marie , Gardner Amanda , Collis Rose M. , Rogers Lynn , Biggs Patrick J. , Pita Anthony B. , Cornelius Angela J. , Haysom Iain , Hayman David T. S. , Gilpin Brent J. , Leonard Margaret
Published: August 2024

Freshwater samples (n = 199) were obtained from 41 sites with contrasting land‐uses (avian, low impact, dairy, urban, sheep and beef, and mixed sheep, beef and dairy) and the E. coli phylotype of 3980 isolates (20 per water sample enrichment) was determined. Eight phylotypes were identified with B1 (48.04%), B2 (14.87%) and A (14.79%) the most abundant. Escherichia marmotae (n = 22), and Escherichia ruysiae (n = 1), were rare (0.68%) suggesting that these environmental strains are unlikely to confound water quality assessments. Phylotypes A and B1 were overrepresented in dairy and urban sites (p < 0.0001), whilst B2 were overrepresented in low impact sites (p < 0.0001). Pathogens ((Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium or Giardia) and the presence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli‐associated genes (stx and eae) were detected in 89.9% (179/199) samples, including 80.5% (33/41) of samples with putative non‐recent faecal inputs. Quantitative PCR to detect microbial source tracking targets from human, ruminant and avian contamination were concordant with land‐use type and E. coli phylotype abundance. This study demonstrated that a potential recreational health risk remains where pathogens occurred in water samples with low E. coli concentration, potential non‐recent faecal sources, low impact sites and where human, ruminant and avian faecal sources were absent.
A window of opportunity for ICU end‐of‐life care—A retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Darfelt Iben Strøm , Nielsen Anne Højager , Klepstad Pål , Neergaard Mette Asbjoern
Published: August 2024

Background

The “window of opportunity” for intensive care staff to deliver end‐of‐life (EOL) care lies in the timeframe from “documenting the diagnosis of dying” to death. Diagnosing the dying can be a challenging task in the ICU. We aimed to describe the trajectories for dying patients in Danish intensive care units (ICUs) and to examine whether physicians document that patients are dying in time to perform EOL care and, if so, when a window of opportunity for EOL care exists.

Methods

From the Danish Intensive Care Database, we identified patients ≥18 years old admitted to Danish ICUs between January and December 2020 with an ICU stay of >96 h (four days) and who died during the ICU stay or within 7 days after ICU discharge.

A chart review was performed on 250 consecutive patients admitted from January 1, 2020, to ICUs in the Central Denmark Region.

Results

In most charts (223 [89%]), it was documented that the patient was dying. Of those patients who received mechanical ventilation, 171 (68%) died after abrupt discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, and 63 (25%) died after gradual withdrawal. Patients whose mechanical ventilation was discontinued abruptly died after a median of 1 h (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–15) and 5 h (IQR: 2–15) after a diagnosis of dying was recorded. In contrast, patients with a gradual withdrawal died after a median of 108 h (IQR: 71–189) and 22 h (IQR: 5–67) after a diagnosis of dying was recorded.

Conclusions

EOL care hinges on the ability to diagnose the dying. This study shows that there is a window of opportunity for EOL care, particularly for patients who are weaned from mechanical ventilation. This highlights the importance of intensifying efforts to address EOL care requirements for ICU patients and those discharged from ICUs who are not eligible for readmission.
Affirmative action and employment equity in the professions: Backlash fueled by individualism and meritocracy
Authors: Beagan Brenda L. , Sibbald Kaitlin R. , Goree Toni D. , Pride Tara M.
Published: August 2024

In the 40 years since federal employment equity initiatives were launched in Canada, they have faced persistent backlash. This backlash is grounded in and fueled by conceptualizations of justice and equality that are rooted in ideologies of individualism and meritocracy. Here we draw on 140 qualitative interviews with members of six professions from across Canada, who self‐identify as Indigenous, Black or racialized, ethnic minority, disabled, 2SLGBTQ+, and/or from working‐class origins, to explore tensions between concepts of justice grounded in group‐based oppressions and those grounded in individual egalitarianism. Though affirmative action and employment equity opened up opportunities, people were still left to fight for individual rights. This push to individualism was intensified by persistent hostile misperceptions that people are less qualified and in receipt of ‘unfair advantages.’ Through discursive misdirection, potential for transformative institutional change is undermined by liberal discourses of individualism and meritocracy.
Small vessel disease burden and prognosis of recent subcortical ischaemic stroke differ by parent artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Lin Qian‐Qian , Chen Hui‐Sheng , Yang Yi , Zhang Meng , Wu Shi‐Wen , Li Ming‐Li , Huang Yi‐Ning , Xu Wei‐Hai ,   Stroke Imaging Package Study (SIPS) study Group
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose

Parent artery atherosclerosis is an important aetiology of recent subcortical ischaemic stroke (RSIS). However, comparisons of RSIS with different degrees of parent artery atherosclerosis are lacking.

Methods

Prospectively collected data from our multicentre cohort (all were tertiary centres) of the Stroke Imaging Package Study between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with RSIS defined as a single clinically relevant diffusion‐weighted imaging positive lesion in the territory of lenticulostriate arteries were categorized into three subgroups: (1) normal middle cerebral artery (MCA) on magnetic resonance angiography and high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI); (2) low‐grade MCA atherosclerosis (normal or <50% stenosis on magnetic resonance angiography and with MCA plaques on HR‐MRI); (3) steno‐occlusive MCA atherosclerosis (stenosis ≥50% or occlusion). The primary outcome was 90‐day functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale score >2). The clinical and imaging findings were compared between subgroups.

Results

A total of 239 patients (median age 60.0 [52.0–67.0] years, 72% male) were enrolled, including 140 with normal MCA, 64 with low‐grade MCA atherosclerosis and 35 with steno‐occlusive MCA atherosclerosis. Patients with steno‐occlusive MCA atherosclerosis had the largest infarct volume. Low‐grade MCA atherosclerosis was independently associated with cerebral microbleeding, more severe perivascular spaces in basal ganglia and higher total cerebral small vessel disease burden. Low‐grade MCA atherosclerosis was an independent determinant of 90‐day functional dependence (odds ratio 3.897; 95% confidence interval 1.309–11.604).

Conclusions

Our study suggested RSIS with varying severity of parent artery atherosclerosis exhibits distinctive clinical and neuroimaging characteristics, with low‐grade MCA atherosclerosis associating with higher cerebral small vessel disease burden and worse prognosis.
The many dimensions of combination therapy: How to combine antibiotics to limit resistance evolution
Authors: Nyhoegen Christin , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Uecker Hildegard
Published: August 2024

In combination therapy, bacteria are challenged with two or more antibiotics simultaneously. Ideally, separate mutations are required to adapt to each of them, which is a priori expected to hinder the evolution of full resistance. Yet, the success of this strategy ultimately depends on how well the combination controls the growth of bacteria with and without resistance mutations. To design a combination treatment, we need to choose drugs and their doses and decide how many drugs get mixed. Which combinations are good? To answer this question, we set up a stochastic pharmacodynamic model and determine the probability to successfully eradicate a bacterial population. We consider bacteriostatic and two types of bactericidal drugs—those that kill independent of replication and those that kill during replication. To establish results for a null model, we consider non‐interacting drugs and implement the two most common models for drug independence—Loewe additivity and Bliss independence. Our results show that combination therapy is almost always better in limiting the evolution of resistance than administering just one drug, even though we keep the total drug dose constant for a ‘fair’ comparison. Yet, exceptions exist for drugs with steep dose–response curves. Combining a bacteriostatic and a bactericidal drug which can kill non‐replicating cells is particularly beneficial. Our results suggest that a 50:50 drug ratio—even if not always optimal—is usually a good and safe choice. Applying three or four drugs is beneficial for treatment of strains with large mutation rates but adding more drugs otherwise only provides a marginal benefit or even a disadvantage. By systematically addressing key elements of treatment design, our study provides a basis for future models which take further factors into account. It also highlights conceptual challenges with translating the traditional concepts of drug independence to the single‐cell level.
Field survey assessment of flood loads and related building damage from the July 2021 event in the Ahr Valley (Germany)
Authors: Wüthrich Davide , Korswagen Paul A. , Selvam Harish , Oetjen Jan , Bricker Jeremy , Schüttrumpf Holger
Published: August 2024

The July 2021 flood heavily affected many inhabitants, buildings and critical infrastructure throughout Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. Specifically, the Ahr Valley (Germany) showcased the destructive power associated with these extreme events. Hence, this region was the focus of a field survey, aiming at describing the flood‐induced damage to buildings and assessing the possible underlying processes that led to structural failures. The field assessment revealed a close connection between building failures and (1) local flow depths and velocities, (2) building location, (3) distance from the riverbank and (4) construction type. Although it is difficult to identify the exact causes that induced failures, the detailed assessment revealed that damages mainly originated from local scour and hydraulic loads, often unevenly distributed around buildings. Importantly, many buildings were significantly affected by (large) floating debris impacts and damming, both responsible for additional loads, highlighting their importance in flood‐resistant building design. Furthermore, data showed that buildings near the riverbanks and in the upstream part of villages were more severely damaged. Altogether, data provide a better understanding of the flood processes that lead to building failures, fostering future research towards the development of safer protection measures and more effective flood risk management strategies.
Clinical and preclinical evidence on the bioeffects and movement‐related implications of photobiomodulation in the orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review
Authors: Gonçalves Aline , Monteiro Francisca , Brantuas Sara , Basset Priscilla , Estevez Alejandro , Silva Filipe S. , Pinho Teresa
Published: August 2024

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been demonstrated as a non‐invasive and painless technique with great potential to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there is a great inconsistency among PBM protocols and reported outcomes, probably due to the poor translatability of preclinical knowledge into early clinical practice. Hence, this review aims to fill this gap by establishing the state‐of‐the‐art on both preclinical and clinical applications of PBM, and by comprehensively discussing the most suitable stimulation protocols described in the literature. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases using a combination of keywords. Only studies written in English were eligible and no time limit was applied. A total of 69 studies were selected for this review. The revised literature describes that PBM can effectively reduce orthodontic treatment time and produce analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. We found that PBM of 640 ± 25, 830 ± 20 and 960 ± 20 nm, delivered at a minimum energy density per irradiation point of 5 J/cm2 daily or every other day sessions is robustly associated with increased tooth movement rate. Pain relief seems to be achieved with lower irradiation doses compared to those required for OTM acceleration. For the first time, the bioeffects induced by PBM for the acceleration of OTM are comprehensively discussed from a translational point of view. Collectively, the evidence from preclinical and clinical trials supports the use of PBM as a coadjuvant in orthodontics for enhancing tooth movement and managing treatment‐associated discomfort. Overall, the revised studies indicate that optimal PBM parameters to stimulate tissue remodelling are wavelengths of 830 ± 20 nm and energy densities of 5–70 J/cm2 applied daily or every other day can maximize the OTM rate, while lower doses (up to 16 J/cm2 per session) delivered in non‐consecutive days seem to be optimal for inducing analgesic effects. Future research should focus on optimizing laser parameters and treatment protocols customized for tooth and movement type. By fine‐tuning laser parameters, clinicians can potentially reduce treatment times, improve patient comfort and achieve more predictable outcomes, making orthodontic care more efficient and patient‐friendly, thus consolidating PBM usage in orthodontics.
Effect of low‐level light therapy in individuals with dry eye disease
Authors: Antwi Antoinette , Schill Alexander W. , Redfern Rachel , Ritchey Eric R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Low‐level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation, the application of red light to the eye, is used for the treatment of dry eye. Limited studies have investigated the efficacy of LLLT as a stand‐alone treatment. The investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of LLLT on signs and symptoms of dry eye.

Methods

Participants with mild to moderate dry eye were recruited for this three‐visit study. Visits were 7 (±3) days apart and all participants received 633 nm LLLT (eye‐light®) for 15 min at each visit. Clinical measures including first and average non‐invasive keratograph tear break‐up time (NIKBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland (MG) loss for upper and lower eyelids, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear film lipid layer thickness, meibum quality score, Schirmer's test, corneal fluorescein staining and eyelid temperature for external upper (EUL) and external lower (ELL) eyelids were measured from the right eye of participants before and after treatment.

Results

Thirty participants (mean [SD] age: 31.1 [9.5] years) completed the study. Treatment with LLLT resulted in significant differences in first and average NIKBUT, TMH, tear film lipid layer thickness, OSDI score, Schirmer's test, meibum quality score and eyelid temperature over time (all p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, TMH, tear film lipid layer thickness and eyelid temperature significantly increased by 0.06 mm (95% CI: 0.01–0.11), 12.9 nm (95% CI: 1.18–24.55), and 7.0°C, respectively, for both EUL (95% CI: 6.17–7.84) and ELL (95% CI: 6.17–7.73). The respective decrease in the OSDI score and Schirmer's test was 10.2 (95% CI: −15.15 to −5.26) and 4.4 mm (95% CI: −7.31 to −1.42; all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in corneal fluorescein staining and MG loss after LLLT.

Conclusion

Low‐level light therapy treatment significantly improved signs and symptoms of dry eye in the early phases of treatment, suggesting its efficacy for dry eye management.
Pan‐genome analysis of 13 Spinacia accessions reveals structural variations associated with sex chromosome evolution and domestication traits in spinach
Authors: She Hongbing , Liu Zhiyuan , Xu Zhaosheng , Zhang Helong , Wu Jian , Cheng Feng , Wang Xiaowu , Qian Wei
Published: August 2024

Structural variations (SVs) are major genetic variants that can be involved in the origin, adaptation and domestication of species. However, the identification and characterization of SVs in Spinacia species are rare due to the lack of a pan‐genome. Here, we report eight chromosome‐scale assemblies of cultivated spinach and its two wild species. After integration with five existing assemblies, we constructed a comprehensive Spinacia pan‐genome and identified 193 661 pan‐SVs, which were genotyped in 452 Spinacia accessions. Our pan‐SVs enabled genome‐wide association study identified signals associated with sex and clarified the evolutionary direction of spinach. Most sex‐linked SVs (86%) were biased to occur on the Y chromosome during the evolution of the sex‐linked region, resulting in reduced Y‐linked gene expression. The frequency of pan‐SVs among Spinacia accessions further illustrated the contribution of these SVs to domestication, such as bolting time and seed dormancy. Furthermore, compared with SNPs, pan‐SVs act as efficient variants in genomic selection (GS) because of their ability to capture missing heritability information and higher prediction accuracy. Overall, this study provides a valuable resource for spinach genomics and highlights the potential utility of pan‐SV in crop improvement and breeding programmes.
Examining the lateralization of electrophysiological correlates of auditory awareness
Authors: Gerdfeldter Billy , Andersson Annika , Wiens Stefan
Published: August 2024

The neurological basis for perceptual awareness remains unclear, and theories disagree as to whether sensory cortices per se generate awareness. Critically, neural activity in the sensory cortices is only a neural correlate of consciousness (NCC) if it closely matches the contents of perceptual awareness. Research in vision and touch suggest that contralateral activity in sensory cortices is an NCC. Similarly, research in hearing with two sound sources (left and right) presented over headphones also suggests that a candidate NCC called the auditory awareness negativity (AAN) matches perceived location of sound. The current study used 13 different sound sources presented over loudspeakers for natural localization cues and measured event‐related potentials to a threshold stimulus in a sound localization task. Preregistered Bayesian mixed models provided moderate evidence against an overall AAN and very strong evidence against its lateralization. Because of issues regarding data quantity and quality, exploratory analyses with aggregated data from multiple loudspeakers were conducted. Results provided moderate evidence for an overall AAN and strong evidence against its lateralization. Nonetheless, the interpretations of these results remain inconclusive. Therefore, future research should reduce the number of conditions and/or test over several sessions to procure a sufficient amount of data. Taken at face value, the results may suggest issues with AAN as an NCC of auditory awareness, as it does not laterally map onto experiences in a free‐field auditory environment, in contrast to the NCCs of vision and touch.
A holistic approach proposal for 3D underground land management (3D ULA) in Turkey: The case of utility network
Authors: Sürmeneli Hicret Gürsoy , Sun Jing , Alkan Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Physical and cadastral data management practices for underground facilities are insufficient to represent underground assets' Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRRs) and their relationships with the cadastre. For this reason, developing a 3D integrated data (underground and above‐ground) model may be an approach to an effective land management system. This research aims to develop a creative data model by integrating Turkish National Geographic Information System (TUCBS‐AY in Turkish) with international standards (Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and CityGML) as a holistic approach. The requirements determined for underground facilities using TUCBS‐AY were used. Since the data produced in Turkey were modeled according to the CityGML 2.0 version, the CityGML 2.0 UtilityNetwork version was used in the study to be compatible with the existing Turkish cadastral system. While some classes in the model are generalized, they are expanded using LADM's classes for legal rights and part information. In addition, the CityGML classes have been expanded within the model so that parcels, buildings, and independent sections are represented separately, thus providing the opportunity to represent the underground utilities associated with them, their RRRs, and ownership situations. Requirements for the proposed model were determined based on Turkey's cadastral system and underground data. The main purpose is to manage the legal and physical relations of underground and surface objects at the city scale, compatible with the current Turkish cadastral system, with a holistic approach. The proposed integrated conceptual data model shows how legal rights and ownership of underground structures can be logically represented with a 3D data model.
A health decision analytical model to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies: The female genital schistosomiasis SCREEN framework
Authors: Lamberti Olimpia , Terris‐Prestholt Fern , Bustinduy Amaya L. , Bozzani Fiammetta
Published: August 2024

Female genital schistosomiasis is a chronic gynaecological disease caused by the waterborne parasite Schistosoma (S.) haematobium. It affects an estimated 30–56 million girls and women globally, mostly in sub‐Saharan Africa where it is endemic, and negatively impacts their sexual and reproductive life. Recent studies found evidence of an association between female genital schistosomiasis and increased prevalence of HIV and cervical precancer lesions. Despite the large population at risk, the burden and impact of female genital schistosomiasis are scarcely documented, resulting in neglect and insufficient resource allocation. There is currently no standardised method for individual or population‐based female genital schistosomiasis screening and diagnosis which hinders accurate assessment of disease burden in endemic countries. To optimise financial allocations for female genital schistosomiasis screening, it is necessary to explore the cost‐effectiveness of different strategies by combining cost and impact estimates. Yet, no economic evaluation has explored the value for money of alternative screening methods. This paper describes a novel application of health decision analytical modelling to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of different female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies across endemic settings. The model combines a decision tree for female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies, and a Markov model for the natural history of cervical cancer to estimate the cost per disability‐adjusted life‐years averted for different screening strategies, stratified by HIV status. It is a starting point for discussion and for supporting priority setting in a data‐sparse environment.
Molecular detection of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐ and carbapenemase‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in southwest Iran
Authors: Jomehzadeh Nabi , Rahimzadeh Mohammad , Ahmadi Bahare
Published: August 2024

Objective

The global emergence of carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered a significant contemporary concern., as carbapenems are the last resort for treating infections caused by multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the carbapenem‐resistance genes in extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producing K. pneumoniae isolates.

Methods

Seventy‐five non‐duplicate clinical K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from urine, blood, sputum, and wound samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for 12 different antibiotics were performed using the disk diffusion method, followed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of imipenem and meropenem. Phenotypic detection of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes was performed by double‐disc synergy test and modified Hodge test, respectively. PCR assay further investigated resistant isolates for extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase and carbapenemase‐encoding genes.

Results

The highest and lowest resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (93.3%) and tigecycline (9.3%). According to phenotypic tests, 46.7% of isolates were positive for extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase enzymes and 52.8% for carbapenemase. A total of 11 isolates contained carbapenemase genes, with blaOXA‐48 (19.4%; 7/36) being the predominant gene, followed by blaNDM (8.3%; 3/36).

Conclusion

The study's findings reveal the alarming prevalence of beta‐lactamase enzymes in K. pneumoniae strains. Early detection of carbapenem‐resistant isolates and effective infection control measures are necessary to minimise further spread, as carbapenem resistance has become a public health concern.
Molecular communication between red blood cells of different phenotypes during blood storage in mice
Authors: Zimring James C. , Hay Ariel M. , Dzieciatkowska Monika , D'Alessandro Angelo
Published: August 2024

Background

The cellular and molecular changes during red blood cell (RBC) storage that affect posttransfusion recovery (PTR) remain incompletely understood. We have previously reported that RBCs of different storage biology cross‐regulate each other when stored together (co‐storage cross‐regulation [CSCR]). However, the mechanism of CSCR is unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that CSCR involves acquisition of molecular signatures associated with PTR.

Study Design and Methods

The whole blood compartment of either B6 or FVB mice was biotinylated in vivo prior to blood collection and storage. Bio‐B6 or Bio.FVB were stored with RBCs from B6 mice transgenic for green florescent protein (GFP) (B6.GFP). After storage, avidin‐magnetic beads were used to simultaneous purify Bio‐RBCs (positive selection) and B6.GFPs (negative selection). Isolated populations were analyzed by transfusion to establish PTR, and subjected to metabolomic and proteomic analysis.

Results

B6 RBCs acquired molecular signatures associated with stored FVB RBCs at both the metabolomic and proteomic level including metabolites associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and oxidative damage. Mitochondrial signatures were also acquired by B6 RBCs. Protein signatures acquired by B6 RBCs include proteins associated with vesiculation.

Conclusion

The data presented herein demonstrate the appearance of multiple molecular changes from poor‐storing RBCs in good‐storing RBCs during co‐storage. Whether this is a result of damage causing intrinsic molecular changes in B6 RBCs or if molecules of FVB RBC origin are transferred to B6 RBCs remains unclear. These studies broaden our mechanistic understanding of RBC storage (in particular) and potentially RBC biology (in general).
Degenerations of k$k$‐positive surface group representations
Authors: Beyrer Jonas , Pozzetti Beatrice
Published: August 2024

We introduce ‐positive representations, a large class of ‐Anosov surface group representations into that share many features with Hitchin representations, and we study their degenerations: unless they are Hitchin, they can be deformed to non‐discrete representations, but any limit is at least ‐positive and irreducible limits are ‐positive. A major ingredient, of independent interest, is a general limit theorem for positively ratioed representations.
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis following use of dostarlimab for endometrial cancer
Authors: Goel Anurag Ratan , Sylvester Charity , Avidan Olivia Rose , Gilvaz Vinit Joseph
Published: August 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), but psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) after use of dostarlimab have not been reported. We present a woman who received dostarlimab for endometrial cancer and subsequently developed rash and polyarthralgia, diagnosed as overlapping palmoplantar pustular and plaque psoriasis with PsA. She was treated with discontinuation of dostarlimab, topical steroids, oral methylprednisolone and methotrexate. This case highlights phenotypic heterogeneity in cutaneous irAEs influenced by malignancy and ICI type and underscores the need for multidisciplinary care in treating irAEs. We review three current professional society guidelines for managing irAEs, highlighting their emphasis on management based on severity grading, early initiation of systemic corticosteroids and steroid-sparing agents and discontinuation of ICI for severe events. Certain recommendations deviate from typical approaches to idiopathic rheumatologic disease. Further research is needed to support the ongoing development of approaches to irAE management.
Accessory liver lobe: an uncommon abdominal mass mimicker
Authors: Martinho Inês Allen , Vieira João , Vieira Ana Catarina , Vieira Alberto
Published: August 2024

Heterotopic hepatic tissue is a rare development anomaly, exhibiting diverse forms and locations. We present a case report of an asymptomatic woman in her 40s who had an 8 cm mass in the left hypochondrium detected on routine ultrasound, which was initially suspected to be a tumour. Further investigation revealed that the mass had a similar enhancement to the liver on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI and presented a connection with the original liver via vascular pedicle, favouring the diagnosis of accessory liver lobe (ALL). Accurate differentiation of ALL from other abdominal masses poses a diagnostic challenge, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of malignant tumours and unnecessary interventions. Although usually small and asymptomatic, rarely they can present with acute complications, and cross-sectional techniques play an important role in enabling early diagnosis and management. Therefore, radiologists must raise awareness regarding ALL, their imagological findings, and diagnostic pathways, and understand potential associated complications.
Tubulocystic enteric duplication: a unique entity
Authors: Dudhani Shreyas , Rashi Rashi , Sinha Amit Kumar , Kumar Amit
Published: August 2024

Enteric duplication has cystic and tubular varieties. A male infant presented with a large cystic, well-demarcated mass in the right flank. On exploratory laparotomy, multiple cystic and tubular lesions were present adjacent to the mesenteric border of the small bowel along with malrotation of the small bowel. The tubule-cystic structure was excised along with the involved normal bowel segment and Ladd’s procedure was performed. Histopathological evaluation revealed an intestinal duplication cyst. The occurrence of midgut malrotation and volvulus along with duplication is uncommon. The cyst’s substantial size could have been an aetiological factor for malrotation and volvulus. The child’s small bowel had adapted remarkably with time. This case highlights a new variant of duplication cysts.
Protocol for the process evaluation of the GOAL trial: investigating how comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) improves patient-centred goal attainment in older adults with chronic kidney disease in the outpatient setting
Authors: Fox Sarah Therese , Hubbard Ruth , Valks Andrea , Matsuyama Misa , Kalaw Emarene , Viecelli Andrea , Aquino Eunise Martha , Johnson David , Janda Monika
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The GOAL Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (NCT04538157) is now underway, investigating the impact of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for frail older people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The primary outcome is the attainment of patient-identified goals at 3 months, assessed using the goal attainment scaling process. The protocol requires a dedicated process evaluation that will occur alongside the main trial, to investigate issues of implementation, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors that may influence intervention success. This process evaluation will offer novel insights into how and why CGA might be beneficial for frail older adults with CKD and provide guidance when considering how to implement this complex intervention into clinical practice.

Methods and analysis

This process evaluation protocol follows guidance from the Medical Research Council and published guidance specific for the evaluation of cluster-randomised trials. A mixed methodological approach will be taken using data collected as part of the main trial and data collected specifically for the process evaluation. Recruitment and process data will include site feasibility surveys, screening logs and site issues registers from all sites, and minutes of meetings with intervention and control sites. Redacted CGA letters will be analysed both descriptively and qualitatively. Approximately 60 semistructured interviews will be analysed with a qualitative approach using a reflexive thematic analysis, with both inductive and deductive approaches underpinned by an interpretivist perspective. Qualitative analyses will be reported according to the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines. The Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence guidelines will also be followed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been granted through Metro South Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/2020/QMS/62883). Dissemination will occur through peer-reviewed journals and feedback to trial participants will be facilitated through the central coordinating centre.

Trial registration number

NCT04538157.
Exploring ethnicity dynamics in Wales: a longitudinal population-scale linked data study and development of a harmonised ethnicity spine
Authors: Akbari Ashley , Torabi Fatemeh , Bedston Stuart , Lowthian Emily , Abbasizanjani Hoda , Fry Richard , Lyons Jane , Owen Rhiannon K , Khunti Kamlesh , Lyons Ronan
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aims to create a national ethnicity spine based on all available ethnicity records in linkable anonymised electronic health record and administrative data sources.

Design

A longitudinal study using anonymised individual-level population-scale ethnicity data from 26 data sources available within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank.

Setting

The national ethnicity spine is created based on longitudinal national data for the population of Wales-UK over 22 years (between 2000 and 2021).

Procedure and participants

A total of 46 million ethnicity records for 4 297 694 individuals have been extracted, harmonised, deduplicated and made available within a longitudinal research ready data asset.

Outcome measures

(1) Comparing the distribution of ethnicity records over time for four different selection approaches (latest, mode, weighted mode and composite) across age bands, sex, deprivation quintiles, health board and residential location and (2) distribution and completeness of records against the ONS census 2011.

Results

The distribution of the dominant group (white) is minimally affected based on the four different selection approaches. Across all other ethnic group categorisations, the mixed group was most susceptible to variation in distribution depending on the selection approach used and varied from a 0.6% prevalence across the latest and mode approach to a 1.1% prevalence for the weighted mode, compared with the 3.1% prevalence for the composite approach. Substantial alignment was observed with ONS 2011 census with the Latest group method (kappa=0.68, 95% CI (0.67 to 0.71)) across all subgroups. The record completeness rate was over 95% in 2021.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our development of the population-scale ethnicity spine provides robust ethnicity measures for healthcare research in Wales and a template which can easily be deployed in other trusted research environments in the UK and beyond.