bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality in Dental Implants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elhag Hatim Hussien Mohamed , Rao Gururajaprasad Kaggal Lakshmana , Noor Siti Noor Fazliah Binti Mohd , Zakaria Mohamed Nordin Bin , Mokhtar Norehan Binti
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Augmented Reality (AR) in dentistry has evolved from computer-generated images overlaying the real world, stemming from advancements in software-based Virtual Reality (VR) for anatomic exploration. AR applications in dentistry range from simulations aiding in training to enhancing precision in dental procedures. By overlaying digital information onto the physical environment, AR facilitates better visualisation of dental anatomy and treatment planning. Its integration has shown promise in reducing errors, improving patient outcomes, and augmenting dental education through immersive experiences. Aim: To evaluate AR’s application in dentistry, with a particular emphasis on dental implants. Materials and Methods: A systematic review, using the Problem/patient Intervention Control or comparison Outcome (PICO) framework, selected six articles focusing on challenges in dentistry, specifically in training, practicing complex procedures accurately in implants, and maintaining patient confidentiality. The intervention compared AR with traditional methods. Results: The AR was mostly used in precision dentistry operations. Notably, it was discovered that three-dimensional (3D) AR outperformed two-dimensional (2D) image navigation techniques, resulting in fewer implant location errors. The highest absolute effect was 24.3%, with the angle of implant errors showing a reduction of 9.5% using AR. Conclusion: The findings support AR’s role in enhancing accuracy and efficiency while maintaining patient confidentiality.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ASRUGDARAH: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Jadhao Ashwini , C Swathi , L Venkata Ratnakar , Chaturvedi Ashutosh
Published: January 2024

Menorrhagia (Asrugdarah) is the term of menstrual period with abnormal, heavy prolonged bleeding. With menorrhagia, women can't maintain their usual activities. In Āyurvedic classics, menorrhagia is termed as Asrugdarah. Material and methods: This is a Single Case study of 47 years old female patient who Came to the OPD of Prasūti Tantra and Stree Roga at Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Ayurveda College and Hospital, Nazarathpettai, Chennai with the complaint of irregular menstrual cycle with heavy bleeding, which affects her daily routine. On enquiry, she said that the duration of menses was 15-20 days at irregular intervals, the amount was 4-5 pads, fully soaked per day with clots for an initial 6 days, and mild pain was present in the lower abdomen. There was no relevant history of Hypertension, Thyroid disorder, Diabetes mellitus etc. or any surgical intervention. She was given Yoga Basti - Anuvāsana Basti with Dhanvantaram taila and Nirūha Basti with Dashmoola Kaṣhāya along with Sarwanga Abhyaṅga with Mahanarayana Taila and Bashpa Swedana and Yoni Pichu with Jātyādi Taila along with internal medicine Aśoka Ariṣhṭam, Lodhra Āsavam, Śatāvariī Gulam, Vāyu Gulika.
Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from Bean Seed Hulls: Acetylation and Characterization
Authors: Morah Ebele Joy , Okeke David Okechukwu , Anekwe-Nwekeaku Ozioma Juliana , Muobike Chidinma Malinda , Ezenyeaka Uchechukwu Joachin
Published: January 2024

Bean seed hulls is an agro-waste with abundant content of lignocellulosic materials but are being wasted due to its underutilization. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully extracted from bean seed hulls using alkali treatment, bleaching and sulphuric acid hydrolysis. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was obtained from CNCs by acetylation using acetic anhydride with sulphuric acid as catalyst. CNCs is neutral pH whereas CTA is slightly acidic. CNCs was sparingly soluble in ethanol but CTA was completely soluble in ethanol. CTA has a higher melting point than CNCs. The density of both CNCs and CTA is approximately equal to the density of water. SEM analysis revealed that CNCs is irregular and fragmented in nature and has both more large surface area and porosity than CTA. FTIR analysis showed the presence of the dominant functional groups such as O-H stretch, N-H stretch, C-H stretch, C-O stretch and C-N stretch in both CNCs and CTA. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of the prevalent organic compounds such as alkanes, alcohols, phenols, alkanones, phthalates, carboxylic acids, esters and triterpene in both CNCs and CTA. Therefore, the isolation of CNCs from bean seed hulls suggests great efficacy to recover the under-utilized agro-wastes thereby preventing air pollution.
The Impact of eWOM on Trust Inclination and Information Adoption in the Sociolla Platform
Authors: Aprilia Hensa Putri , Hidayat Anas
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on the Sociolla platform, affecting Information Adoption and the role of trust inclination. A quantitative approach was employed with data collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 270 respondents. The non-probability sampling technique, specifically purposive sampling, was used for sample selection, which was then processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the AMOS program. The findings reveal that perceived information quality, information usefulness, and argument quality positively impact trust inclination. Meanwhile, perceived risk has a negative impact on trust inclination. Additionally, the study shows that trust inclination has a positive influence on information adoption. Theoretically, this research contributes to the discussion of trust inclination and eWOM information adoption. From a managerial perspective, the study suggests marketing managers manage marketing strategies through eWOM concerning information quality, information usefulness, and argument quality. Marketers also need to consider the level of perceived consumer risk and reduce it to ensure that consumers express trust inclination toward information they subsequently adopt. In this context, marketers need to ensure their eWOM strategies remain natural, high-quality, and beneficial for marketing success.
Bank Lending Rates and Nonperforming Loans of Listed Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Koskei Loice , Samoei Daniel
Published: January 2024

The rise in non-performing loans in Kenyan commercial banks over the past ten years has created instability in the financial industry. Due to their impact on borrowers' ability to repay the loans, high-interest rates are a contributing factor to non-performing loans. The interest rate on loans has an implicit cost that is inherent to bank credit and has an impact on loan defaults. In this sense, a large percentage of non-performing loans (NPLs) in Kenya’s Commercial banks has continued to impede economic expansion due to high default rates experienced by many banks making them unable to advance new loans. The study investigated the influence of bank lending rates on nonperforming loans in listed commercial banks in Kenya using secondary monthly data from November 2019 when the interest capping was repelled to September 2023. Secondary data was obtained from the Central Bank of Kenya Monthly Statistical Bulletin. Inferential statistics using regression analysis was utilized to analyze the data. The regression model results showed that bank lending rates had a positive and statistically significant effect on non-performing loans of listed commercial banks in Kenya as illustrated by a P-value of 0.0000000054, which is less than 0.05. The results implied that lending rates do influence non-performing loans of listed commercial banks in Kenya as measured by the gross non-performing loans ratio. Policymakers in Kenya need to control lending rates to reduce the rising rates of non-performing loans.
Assessment and Mapping of Soil Fertility Status of Migna Kura Kebele, Wayu Tuka District, East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Mintesinot
Published: January 2024

Soil fertility decline is a significant obstacle to Ethiopia's increased food production, but information on current soil fertility status among the study areas is inadequate. Accurate soil fertility data is crucial for implementing effective strategies and developing targeted interventions to improve agricultural productivity and food security in Ethiopia. This study was initiated in this context with the aim of mapping the spatial distribution of specific soil parameters and assessing the status of soil fertility in Migna Kura Kebele, Wayu Tuka District, East Wollega, Ethiopia, providing crucial information for agrarian development. A total of 32 samples of surface soil were drawn at Stratifying random for laboratory analysis in 2019 G.C. Maps of soil fertility status were created using ArcGIS 10.4.1 and the common Kriging interpolation technique.  Clay loam and clay are the two types of soil in the research study area. The bulk density of the soil ranged from 1.13 to 1.46 g/cm3, while the total porosity ranged from 42.57 to 55.15%. The pH of the soil can range from 6.7, which is slightly acidic, to 4.91, which is strongly acidic. The range of soil exchangeable acidity levels was 0 to 2.46 cmol (+) kg-1, while the range of OC values was medium (1.79% to 3.51%). Soil total N and available P values were between very low and low (0.19 to 1.11%) and 6.71 to 13.44 mg kg-1, respectively. Exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Na levels in the soil ranged from 6.93 to 51.15, 2.85 to 23.63, 0.21 to 1.76, and 0.05 to 0.71 cmol (+) kg-1, respectively, while a medium to very high degree of CEC (22.19 to 77.42 cmol (+) kg-1) was observed. A moderate to very high rating was assigned to soil PBS, which ranged from 42.13 to 98.30%. Micro nutrients; Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn extractable from soil by DTPA ranged in value from 12.07 to 33.51 mg kg-1, 16.02 to 48.26 mg kg-1, 0.18 to 0.62 mg kg-1, and 0.19 to 0.62 mg kg-1, respectively. The soil fertility map was created for the following parameters: pH, OC, total N, available (P, S), CEC, PBS, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn; Cu, Zn, and B. According to the study's findings, the study area's soils were found to be deficient in six nutrients that limit yields: N, P, K, S, B, and Zn. he soil in the study area is affected by soil acidity; for sustainable crop production in the study area, soils should be amended with lime, organic matter, and fertilizers of N, P, S, K, B, and Zn.
Exploring Millet Genetic Diversity for Improved Crop Resilience: A Review
Authors: Krishnababu M E , Mandal Oksana , Begum Mohammedi , Saikanth D R K , Nandy Rakhi , Kaushal Kamini , Mishra Pratikshya
Published: January 2024

This review comprehensively explores the genetic diversity of millets in India and its pivotal role in enhancing crop resilience, adapting to climate change, and contributing to nutritional security. Millets, with their remarkable adaptability to diverse agro-ecological conditions, are integral to India's agricultural landscape. The review starts by providing an overview of the various types of millets cultivated in India, including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), highlighting their nutritional and environmental benefits and their historical and cultural significance. The core of the review delves into the genetic structure and variability among millet species, examining both intra-species and inter-species diversity. It emphasizes the importance of conserving this genetic diversity, which is currently threatened by factors such as genetic erosion and limited access to genetic resources. The review discusses the advances in millet breeding techniques, from conventional approaches to biotechnological interventions, and underscores the importance of integrating traditional agricultural knowledge with modern science. A series of case studies from India illustrates the successful examples of millet genetic improvement, the lessons learned from past breeding programs, and the tangible impacts of improved millet varieties on farming communities. These case studies highlight the development of drought-resistant, pest-resistant, and nutritionally enhanced millet varieties, demonstrating the benefits of genetic diversity in practical terms. Looking forward, the review identifies emerging trends in millet research in India, including the increasing focus on genomics and bioinformatics, climate-smart agriculture, and the enhancement of the nutritional qualities of millets. It also addresses the policy and funding considerations vital for advancing millet research, emphasizing the need for supportive policies that promote the cultivation and consumption of millets and the importance of funding for research focused on genetic improvement and climate resilience.
Biocidal Efficacy of a New and Native Species of Entomopathogenic Nematode against Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Authors: War Waseem Ahmad , Askary Tarique Hassan , Ahad Ishtiyaq , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Wani Fahim Jeelani , Bhat Mohammad Anwar , Rasool Jameela
Published: January 2024

Efficacy of new and native species of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis casmirica SKUAST-K 104 was evaluated against gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in laboratory conditions. Larval mortality was directly proportional to time period as well as time period but inversely proportional to larval size. H. casmirica SKUAST-K 104 applied @ 50, 100, 150 and 200 IJs per 2nd instar larva resulted in pest mortality by 0.00, 8.33, 16.66, and 25.00 per cent, respectively at 24 hours and they were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) from each other. At 200 IJs inoculum level, 8.33, 16.66, 25.0, 41.66 and 50 per cent mortality of 5th instar larva was recorded at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours post inoculation, respectively. LC50 values was directly proportional to the size of larva but inversely proportional to size of nematode inoculum level. On the other hand, LT50 values was directly proportional to the size of larva but inversely proportional to size of nematode inoculum level. LC50 values calculated at 24 hours for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae was 256.88, 277.24, 326.25 and 384.25, respectively, whereas at 120 hours it was 126.11, 160.22, 184.36 and 219.14, respectively. Similarly, LT50 values calculated at inoculum level of 50 IJs per 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae were 105.0, 113, 122 and 131 hours, respectively but at highest inoculum level of 200 IJs, it was 75, 89, 94 and 100 hours, respectively. Nematode multiplication rate within the host cadaver was directly proportional to the size of the host. Minimum and maximum number of IJs/ larva was 2.72 x 105 and 1.03 x 105, obtained from 2nd and 5th instar larva, respectively.
Influence of Different Colored Shade Nets on Micro Environmental Parameters and Pest Incidence of Various Ornamental Plants
Authors: Chakradhar P.  , Raja Naik M.  , Vinod Kumar N.  , Dinesh K.  , Chandramohan Reddy G.
Published: January 2024

A field experiment was carried out at Floriculture and Landscaping Block, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta during 2022 and 2023. to study the Influence of different colored shade nets on microenvironmental parameters of various ornamental plants. The experiment consists of 25 treatments with three replications which were laid out in FRBD. The treatments were formed with two factors viz. Factor I (Colour shade nets, Green (C1), White (C2), Black (C3), Red nets (C4) and Open (C5) condition and Factor II plants (Pandanus veitchii (P1), Epipremnum aureum (P2), Sansevieria trifasciata (P3), Aglaonema commutatum var. Redgold (P4), Rhoeo spathacea (P5) were taken. The results shown that the maximum temperature was under black net (32.43, 34.10 0C in first and second year respectively), maximum RH was under black net (88.09, 83.11 % in first and second year respectively), lowest canopy temperature was under shade nets than open. Maximum light intensity (653.21, 669.4 lux in first and second year respectively), average PAR values were maximum under white net (718.05 µmol m-2 s-1) in both years. Mealy bug incidence was maximum under black net in both years during the period of study
Field Insights into the Genetic Symphony: Decoding Gene Dynamics for Enhanced Sorghum Yield (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
Authors: Senthilkumar V.  , Davda B. K.  , Madhuri M.  , Supriya Kaldate , Modha K. G.  , Joshi A. J.
Published: January 2024

In this investigation using line × tester analysis, fifteen parents (3 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility females and 12 males) and 36 hybrids, including the standard check CSH-25, underwent evaluation in a randomized block design with three replications. Notably, significant general combining ability variances for 1000-seed weight and highly significant specific combining ability variances for all traits were observed. The research highlights the prevalence of additive genetic variance in 1000-seed weight and the combined influence of additive and nonadditive gene effects in panicle length ratio. Recognized good general combiners, such as SR 2991 , SR 2950 , SR 2872, SR 2984 and 691A, provide valuable insights for breeding strategies. Subsequent evaluations of promising hybrids, particularly 691 A × SR 2991, 691 A × SR 2872 and 691 A × SR 2950 hold potential for optimizing grain yield, panicle length, and dwarfness. These findings provide nuanced insights for future Sorghum breeding programs, enhancing understanding of gene dynamics for improved productivity and emphasizing the pivotal role of hybrid sorghum in contemporary agricultural contexts.
Cultivating Resilience: Disease Resistance Screening of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) Genotypes in India's Semi-tropical Belt
Authors: Kongari Sunil , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Rahul P. , Sandeep Nalla
Published: January 2024

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is a major pseudo cereal, the comprehensive exploration of buckwheat genotypes in the semi-tropical climatic region of India, reveals significant genetic variability among the genotypes for a range of biometrical features, underlining the potential for genetic improvement in this crop. Notably, traits such as days to maturity, and economic yield demonstrate substantial genetic potential for enhancement through targeted breeding programs, exhibiting relatively high genetic advancement values, indicating their potential for effective improvement through breeding programs. Disease resistance, as assessed by the percentage disease index (PDI) of chlorotic leaf spot and brown leaf spot, also reveals noteworthy scope for improvement, crucial for sustaining buckwheat cultivation in disease-prone regions. A correlation analysis uncovers intricate relationships between agronomic traits and disease parameters, with the observed positive correlation between plant height (PH) and economic yield (EY) suggesting that taller buckwheat plants may have a slight advantage in terms of yield, and the negative correlation between test weight (TW) and disease severity, both for chlorotic leaf spot (PDI CL) and brown leaf spot (PDI BL), underscores the potential for selecting genotypes with higher test weights as a means to enhance disease resistance. Identification of genotypes with low disease susceptibility offers promising avenues for disease-resistant buckwheat cultivation. Understanding the genetic parameters and disease dynamics presented in this study would be proved invaluable in developing resilient buckwheat varieties, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture in the region opening doors to effective disease management strategies and improved crop productivity in buckwheat cultivation.
Overview of Self-medication on the Use of Generic Drugs in Medical Faculty Students and College Students Non-faculty of Medicine
Authors: Lumbantobing Romauli , Ronny  , Rantepasang Augrelia Dheavanka
Published: January 2024

Self-medication is the choice of using medication without a prescription from a doctor to treat certain minor illnesses. When carrying out self-medication, paying attention to the rational use of drugs is necessary. This study aims to see the picture of self-medication regarding the use of generic drugs among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Non-Medical Faculty of the Indonesian Christian University class of 2018, using a descriptive survey method, with a total sample of 134 respondents. When carrying out self-medication, students mainly obtain medicines from pharmacies (61.9%) and information about these medicines from relatives/family/friends (49.2%). Most students use branded generic drugs because these drugs are more effective. Based on drug class, students prefer to use generic drugs with free/limited free groups. Meanwhile, based on the accuracy of using generic drugs, most students use drugs not following the prescribed usage recommendations or not following rational drug use.
An Economic Analysis on Production and Marketing of Maize in Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Parimalarangan R.  , Kiruthika N. , Nathan S. Senthil , Gurunathan S. , Elenchezhian T. , Rajendran T. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Karthick V.
Published: January 2024

Tamil Nadu has a pride of place in the national maize scenario due to steadily increasing area under maize than other millets. The present study was taken up to estimate the marketing cost and price spread for Maize in Preambular District, to identify the major marketing channels for Maize in the study area and to identify the production and marketing constraints/factors of Maize. Multi stage random sampling procedure was followed to select the blocks, villages and farmers. Finally, 100 farmers were selected for the study. The study identified that per hectare total cost of cultivation of maize worked out to be Rs.45766 per ha. The yield realized was 51 qtl per hectare.  Gross returns realized from one hectare of maize grown by the sample farmers was Rs. 55080 per ha. Net returns realized from one hectare of maize grown by the sample farmers was Rs. 9314 per ha. Producer-farmers received a net price of Rs. 946.4/q in channel I (Producer - Commission Agent - Wholesaler- Processor / Consumer) which accounted for 75.23 per cent of consumer’s price. And the same was Rs. 1015/q in channel II (Producer-Local Trader - Wholesaler – Processor / Consumer) which accounted for 75.69 per cent of consumer’s price.
Surgical Management of Prepucial Prolapse in 6 – Male Breeding Bulls
Authors: Sharma Mohan Lal , Tanwar Mahendra , Jhirwal S. K. , Kumri Anita
Published: January 2024

6 - Male breeding bulls were presented to VCC of CVAS Bikaner with the history of preputial prolapse and its hardening and paraphemosis.  All the six breeding bulls under study had similar anatomical injury and had IV degree prolapse. Initially medicinal treatment was carried out in all bulls to reduce the swelling and infection. In all the animals antibiotic injection Streptopenicillin 5.0 g IM was given for 5 days and; injection Meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg IM for 3 days and antiseptic dressing of the prepuce was done with Povidone iodine solution for 5 days to reduce the infection and thereafter surgery was performed. Preputial prolapse was repaired successfully via circumcision technique. After the surgery all bulls were given 60 days of sexual rest. No post-operative complications and recurrence were recorded.
Investment Review in Marine Fish Distribution, Baleendah Sub-District, Bandung District, Indonesia: A Case Study
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Pratama Rusky I.
Published: January 2024

The stable availability of fish as a crucial source of affordable animal protein with commendable nutritional content, contributing significantly to quality protein intake. To provide and ensure a steady supply of raw materials, a marine fish distributor in Baleendah Sub-district, Bandung Regency, is imperative. This distributor, functioning as a fish container (cold storage), acts as a crucial link between major marine fish producers and local fish processing farmers. During abundant fish seasons, the distributor collects fish, supporting prices during limited stock periods. This strategic intervention ensures the continuity of activities for salt-boiled fish processing farmers in Bandung Regency.The key objectives in establishing a marine fish distributor in Baleendah Sub-district, Bandung Regency, include optimizing the operation of distribution facilities and infrastructure. This optimization ensures a consistent supply of raw materials, reducing price fluctuations and ultimately lowering the production cost of processed fish. For the marine fish distribution company to operate sustainably, controlling fixed and variable expenses is crucial. Distributors of marine fish have total fixed and variable costs of IDR 271,950,000. The net result is calculated by deducting the whole fixed and variable costs from the revenue, which comes to IDR 688,050,000. The calculated Revenue/Cost (R/C) Ratio of 3.542 suggests a positive equilibrium between revenue and expenses. This ratio is a crucial financial indicator that shows profitability potential. Furthermore, the payback period—which is projected to be 0.46 years—indicates the amount of time needed to recoup the initial expenditure in relation to the net benefit that is delivered.
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration in a patient with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A cause of confusion
Authors: Turk H. Mehmet , Buyukberber Suleyman , Camci Celalettin , Sevinc Alper , Tuncozgur Bülent , Sivrikoz Cumhur , Kervancioglu Resat , Sari Ibrahim
Published: January 2004

Pulmonary sequestration, a rare congenital pulmonary disorder, is characterized by nonfunctioning lung tissue that is separated from normal tracheobronchial tree. We present a 60‐year‐old woman with diffuse large cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, paratracheal and aorticopulmonary lymphadenopathies had disappeared. However, the size of the pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe had persisted. Percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the pulmonary mass was not diagnostic, so thoracotomy was applied. The lesion was defined as pulmonary sequestration, and basal segmentectomy was performed. After proper and sufficient chemotherapy, histopathological diagnosis of any persisting masses should be confirmed prior to overtreatment decision. Am. J. Hematol. 75:89–91, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erythropoietin‐deficient anemia associated with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I
Authors: Toonkel Rebecca , Levine Michael , Gardner Lawrence
Published: January 2004

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1), a relatively common disorder in some populations, is frequently associated with adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and other endocrine and skin abnormalities. We describe an 18‐year‐old male with APS1, as documented by genotyping, who presented with hypoparathyroidism and a normocytic, hypoproliferative, isolated anemia. An extensive hematological work‐up revealed a low serum erythropoietin, without any other hematological abnormalities. His renal function was normal, and he did not have many of the laboratory or clinical findings associated with an anemia of chronic disease. His anemia was responsive to superphysiologic doses of erythropoietin. We thus suggest that erythropoietin deficiency may be one of the endocrine abnormalities associated with APS1, and clinicians should be cognizant of the association of treatable anemia in patients with APS1. Am. J. Hematol. 75:84–88, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B‐CAM/LU expression and the role of B‐CAM/LU activation in binding of low‐ and high‐density red cells to laminin in sickle cell disease
Authors: Zen Qin , Batchvarova Milena , Twyman Christina A. , Eyler Christine E. , Qiu Huiling , De Castro Laura M. , Telen Marilyn J.
Published: January 2004

Red blood cells from patients with sickle cell disease (SS RBC) adhere to laminin and over‐express the high‐affinity laminin receptor basal cell adhesion molecule/Lutheran protein (B‐CAM/LU). This receptor has recently been shown to undergo activation in vitro through a protein kinase A‐dependent mechanism. Low‐density SS RBC express two‐thirds more B‐CAM/LU than high‐density SS RBC. However, high‐density SS RBC have been identified as most adherent to laminin under flow conditions. We investigated the ability of low‐ and high‐density SS RBC to interact with laminin under various conditions and explored factors that might be responsible for the differences in B‐CAM/LU–laminin interaction between high‐ and low‐density SS RBC. We confirmed that high‐density SS RBC adhere to laminin more strongly than low‐density SS RBC under flow conditions. However, low‐density SS RBC bind soluble laminin most strongly and are the most adherent to laminin under static conditions. Soluble recombinant Lutheran extracellular domain protein completely blocked SS RBC adhesion to laminin under both static and flow conditions. The protein kinase A inhibitor 14‐22 amide inhibited adhesion to laminin during flow by high‐density SS RBC from patients with strongly adherent cells but had no effect on adhesion observed after a static phase. Deletion of the cytoplasmic domain of B‐CAM as well as mutation of the juxtamembranous tyrosine residue failed to reduce B‐CAM‐mediated adhesion to laminin by transfected MEL cells. These studies confirm that B‐CAM/LU is the most critical receptor mediating adhesion to laminin under both static and flow conditions. Dense SS RBC are most adherent to laminin despite bearing fewer laminin receptors, apparently due to a reversible protein kinase A‐dependent process that is unlikely to involve direct phosphorylation of B‐CAM/LU. Our results also suggest that the nature of the interaction of B‐CAM/LU with laminin may be different under static and flow conditions. Am. J. Hematol. 75:63–72, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and their relationship to clinical features in patients following nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Guo Hongfeng , Qiao Zhenhua , Zhu Lei , Wang Hongwei , Su Liping , Lu Yujin , Cui Yuee , Jiang Bo , Zhu Qioujuan , Xu Lianrong
Published: January 2004

An imbalance in helper T‐cell type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) cytokines is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD). The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine bias acquired by T cells after transplantation and its possible influence on relapse of original malignancy. Cytokine levels by peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells were tested at various pre‐ and post‐transplant time points with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐based intracellular cytokine assay after short‐term in vitro mitogenic stimulation (phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin). In both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing cell populations increased, indicating a shift to a Th1 cytokine profile with aGVHD. IFN‐γ‐producing T cells was significantly lower in patients who experienced relapse of original disease compared to those who showed no signs of relapse and compared to normal controls. Our studies demonstrate that aGVHD correlates with a Th1 bias and that Th1 response may potentiate an effective immune surveillance. Am. J. Hematol. 75:78–83, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum level of interleukin‐16 in multiple myeloma patients and its relationship to disease activity
Authors: Alexandrakis Michael G. , Passam Freda H. , Kyriakou Despina S. , Christophoridou Anna V. , Perisinakis Kostas , Hatzivasili Aria , Foudoulakis Andreas , Castanas Elias
Published: January 2004

Interleukin‐16 (IL‐16) is a chemoattractant of CD4(+) lymphocytes, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that it may have a role in multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we determined the serum level of IL‐16 both before and after treatment of MM and related it to inflammatory markers and survival. Forty‐eight newly diagnosed MM patients were included in the study. Disease stage was defined using the Durie–Salmon classification system (10 patients were in stage I, 19 in stage II, and 19 in stage III). After standard treatment, 22 patients reached the plateau phase and were re‐evaluated. The following serum parameters were measured: IL‐16, IL‐6, α‐1 antitrypsin (α1AT), and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Survival was determined as the number of months elapsed since original diagnosis. The mean ± SD of serum IL‐16 was 343 ± 195 pg/ml in the pre‐treatment MM group and 101 ± 30 pg/ml in the control group. All measured parameters were higher in the patient group compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, IL‐16, IL‐6, α1AT, and CRP were significantly increased with increasing stage of disease, from stage I to stage III (P < 0.01). All parameters decreased significantly following effective chemotherapy (P < 0.002). Patients with a high level of IL‐16 (>430 pg/ml) displayed an inferior survival time in comparison to those with lower levels of IL‐16. In the pre‐treatment group, IL‐16 correlated with α1AT and IL‐6 (r = 0.374, P < 0.01 and r = 0.454, P < 0.002, respectively). IL‐16 may play a role in multiple myeloma; however, further functional studies are required. Am. J. Hematol. 75:101–106, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C1272S: A new candidate mutation in type 2A von Willebrand disease that disrupts the disulfide loop responsible for the interaction of VWF with platelet GP lb‐IX
Authors: Penas Norma , Pérez Almudena , González‐Boullosa Rosario , Batlle Javier
Published: January 2004

Most of type 2A von Willebrand disease (VWD) mutations are clustered within the A2 domain of VWF, encoded by the 3′ region of exon 28 of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene. A patient with lifelong and severe bleeding diathesis and laboratory data of type 2A VWD is described. The analysis of the complete exon 28 of the VWF gene showed a 3815 G→C change within the A1 domain, resulting in the C1272S missense mutation in a heterozygous state. The substitution was not found in 100 normal alleles also examined and has not been described previously. This candidate mutation would interrupt the formation of the disulfide loop 1272–1458, which is important in maintaining the adequate conformation of the VWF functional domain that interacts with platelet glycoprotein Ib‐IX. Gene expression of this candidate mutation is necessary to confirm its role. Am. J. Hematol. 75:73–77, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic myeloid leukemia with an e13a3 BCR‐ABL fusion: Benign course responsive to imatinib with an RT‐PCR advisory
Authors: Snyder David S. , McMahon Ross , Cohen Sandra R. , Slovak Marilyn L.
Published: January 2004

A case of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia whose cells expressed an e13a3 (b2a3) variant BCR‐ABL p210 mRNA is presented. The variant splice was detected by a qualitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using primers complementary to BCR exon 13 (b2) and ABL exon 3 (a3). The patient responded well to imatinib and achieved a complete cytogenetic response. Am. J. Hematol. 75:92–95, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical usefulness of a functional assay for the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (ADAMTS 13) and its inhibitor in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Rick M.E. , Austin H. , Leitman S.F. , Krizek D.M. , Aronson D.L.
Published: January 2004

Decreased von Willebrand factor cleaving protease activity (VWFCP, ADAMTS 13) leads to persistence of unusually large multimers of von Willebrand factor that bind to platelets, causing platelet aggregates, microangiopathic hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The clinical value of measuring ADAMTS 13 and its inhibitor is not fully defined; the case reported here illustrates the usefulness of the assay to help confirm the clinical diagnosis in a patient with other potential causes for thrombotic microangiopathy; the assay also helped in making treatment decisions. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) presented with fever and abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Thrombotic microangiopathy was diagnosed by the appearance of schistocytes, decreasing platelet count, and evidence of hemolysis. ADAMTS 13 was decreased and an inhibitor was demonstrated in the patient's initial blood sample within 24 hr of admission. Plasma exchange was initiated, and serial assays showed increased ADAMTS 13 activity and decreased inhibitor after each plasma exchange; there was a rebound in inhibitor and a decrease in ADAMTS 13 activity prior to the next exchange that lessened over time. Increasing levels of protease activity correlated with clinical and laboratory improvement. Measurement of ADAMTS 13 activity and its inhibitor aided in the diagnosis of this complicated case of a patient with other potential causes for microangiopathic hemolysis. Subsequent levels correlated with the clinical course, and disappearance of the inhibitor indicated that long‐term plasma exchange or other immunosuppressive treatment was not needed. Am. J. Hematol. 75:96–100, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.†
Unexplained bone marrow granulomas: Is amiodarone the culprit? A report of 2 cases
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Surabhi , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Abraham Naif Z. , Jones Lee A. , Howard Leslie , Gajra Ajeet
Published: January 2004

Granulomas in the bone marrow are usually caused by infectious or hematological diseases, and drugs are only rarely implicated as causative agents. Recent reports have drawn attention to the role of amiodarone in the etiology of bone marrow granulomas. We report two cases of amiodarone‐induced bone marrow granulomas in patients being investigated for refractory anemia and pancytopenia, respectively. Since both patients had life‐threatening arrhythmias, discontinuation of the drug followed by rechallenge was not possible. Both patients did well in spite of continued amiodarone therapy, indicating that the underlying hematological illnesses were unrelated to the granulomas. Amiodarone should be considered as a possible cause of bone marrow granulomas after the exclusion of other causes. Continued use of amiodarone after granuloma formation must be dictated by the underlying cardiac condition. Am. J. Hematol. 75:110–112, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma in a 10‐year‐old boy successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gassas Adam , Kirby Melanie , Weitzman Sheila , Ngan Bo , Abla Oussama , Doyle John J.
Published: January 2004

The authors report a 10‐year‐old boy with hepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma, a rare form of lymphoma that is highly aggressive, exceedingly rare in children, and primarily seen in young men. Conventional multi‐agent chemotherapy appears to be inadequate for cure. This is the first report with this type of lymphoma in a boy less than 15 years old treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Am. J. Hematol. 75:113–114, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Septo‐optic dysplasia and amniotic bands: Further evidence for a vascular pathogenesis
Authors: Stevens Cathy A. , Dobyns William B.
Published: January 2004

Septo‐optic dysplasia (SOD) is a heterogeneous disorder. While most cases represent an isolated defect, SOD has also been seen in association with mutations in single genes, as a part of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes and with exposure to various teratogens. We report a boy with features of SOD who also has limb defects suggestive of amniotic bands. This case, in addition to others in the literature, provides evidence for a vascular pathogenesis of SOD in some individuals. This hypothesis is also supported by the sporadic occurrence of SOD and its association with decreased maternal age, vascular teratogens, and neuropathologic findings suggestive of vascular insults. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unbalanced cryptic 5p deletion/17p duplication identified by subtelomeric FISH in a family with a boy with chimerism and a balanced t(4;5)
Authors: Ensenauer Regina , Jalal Syed , Meyer Reid , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica
Published: January 2004

The use of subtelomeric FISH probes has greatly supplemented conventional chromosome analysis in detecting cryptic anomalies in patients with mental retardation (MR), dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations. We report a 3‐month‐old boy who was diagnosed with ambiguous genitalia, dysmorphic features, and developmental delay. Standard chromosome studies on blood revealed a chimeric karyotype of 46,XY,t(4;5)(q31.1;q14)[46]/46,XX[4]. The boy had intra‐abdominal gonads that were testicular in origin by biopsy. Multiple dysmorphic features, marked hypotonia, developmental delay, poor growth, and relative macrocephaly were noted on physical exam. His 2.5‐year‐old sister also presented with hypotonia, developmental delay, relative macrocephaly, and similar dysmorphic stigmata. In addition, she was diagnosed with several internal malformations. Her karyotype was 46,XX. Due to the striking phenotypic similarity, subtelomeric FISH studies were initiated in the siblings. In addition to the known balanced karyotypic abnormalities, the boy was found to have a derivative chromosome 5 with a 5pter deletion and a 17pter duplication. This cryptic abnormality was also detected in his sister. Chromosome analysis of the father revealed a subtle balanced t(5;17)(p15.31;p13.1) which was confirmed by subtelomeric FISH, whereas the mother's chromosome complement was normal. This familial constellation illustrates the usefulness of subtelomeric FISH in the diagnosis of cryptic chromosome abnormalities in patients for whom conventional karyotype does not disclose findings sufficient to explain the observed phenotypic anomalies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate: Four chromosomal regions of interest
Authors: Blanton Susan H. , Bertin Terry , Patel Sketa , Stal Samuel , Mulliken John B. , Hecht Jacqueline T.
Published: January 2004

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP), a common birth defect affecting 1/700 live births and 4,000 newborns/year in the United States, is associated with short and long‐term morbidity. As such, it has significant impact on the health care system. NSCLP is a complex disorder that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that are slowly being defined. Genomic scans have suggested a number of regions that may contain NSCLP loci. In this study, we have evaluated regions identified by a previously published genomic scan of affected sib‐pairs and have found evidence of association in sixty‐five multiplex families for eight chromosomal regions. Four of these regions, 2q37, 11p12‐14, 12q13, and 16p13, have also been identified in second genomic scan of multiplex families from China. One region, defined by D11S1392, gave evidence suggesting the presence of an NSCLP locus in all three studies. Altogether, these results suggest chromosomal regions that should be targeted in order to identify NSCLP loci. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted scan of fifteen regions for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in Filipino families
Authors: Schultz R.E. , Cooper M.E. , Daack‐Hirsch S. , Shi M. , Nepomucena B. , Graf K.A. , O'Brien E.K. , O'Brien S.E. , Marazita M.L. , Murray J.C.
Published: January 2004

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a congenital anomaly with variable birth prevalence based on geographic origins, with the highest rates commonly found in Asian populations. About 70% of cases are nonsyndromic (NS), in which the affected individual has no other abnormalities. NS CL/P is a complex disorder with genetic and environmental effects and no specific genetic loci yet confirmed. Fifteen candidate regions were examined for linkage to NS CL/P. Regions were chosen based on previous suggestive linkage and/or association in human families, or suggestive animal model data. Polymorphic markers in these regions were genotyped for analysis on 36 Filipino families comprised of 126 affected and 218 unaffected individuals. An additional 70 families with 149 affecteds were used for replication of suggestive results. Parametric (LOD score) and nonparametric (SIMIBD) linkage analyses were performed as well as transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis. Five markers yielded suggestive results from the 36 families. The parametric LOD scores for the MSX1‐CA and D4S1629 were >1.0 and the SIMIBD P values for D6S1029 and RFC1 are suggestive (<0.06), while the SIMIBD P value of 0.01 for TGFA was significant. Since the Msx1 mouse knockout has cleft palate and MSX1 mutations have been found in rare cases of syndromic CL/P, this locus is especially plausible for linkage. Previous studies have also found linkage of NS CL/P to 4q31 and 6p23. These regions contain several candidate genes, including AP2 at 6p23 and FGF2, BMPR1B, and MADH1 at 4q31. TGFA has both linkage and linkage disequilibrium data supporting it as a candidate gene for NS CL/P. While no region was definitively confirmed for linkage to NS CL/P, the data do support further investigation using larger sample sizes and candidate gene studies at 2p13.2, 4p16.2, 4q31, 6p23, and 16q22‐24. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of chromosomal regions 3p21.2, 10p13, and 16p13.3 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: Blanton Susan H. , Bertin Terry , Serna Maria E. , Stal Samuel , Mulliken John B. , Hecht Jacqueline T.
Published: January 2004

Approximately 4,000 babies with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) are born each year in the United States. Because NSCLP exhibits both etiologic and genetic heterogeneity, attempts to identify the underlying genetic causes have met with limited success and the pursuit of early promising findings have yielded mixed results. Two recent genomic scans identified a number of suggestive regions; some of these results have been supported by our lab and others in subsequent studies. Using our NSCLP multiplex family population, we were able to provide additional supportive evidence for association to the regions 2q37, 11p12‐14, 12q13, and 16p13.11‐p12 that were identified in the genomic scans. However, there remains a number of additional viable candidate genes and regions that have not been sufficiently investigated. These include chromosomal translocations in patients with NSCLP, growth factor genes, metalloproteinase (MMP) and transcription factor (patterning) genes, including those in the WNT family. Here, we present results from screening the 10p13 chromosomal translocation region associated with NSCLP, MMP genes clustered on chromosomes 1p36, 11q22.3, 16p13.3, and 16q12‐13, and the region containing the WNT5A gene on chromosome 3p21. Markers from three of the regions, 10p13, 16p13.3 (MMP25), and 3p21.2, yielded findings that are sufficiently significant to warrant closer investigation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐natal short stature, short limbs, brachydactyly, facial abnormalities, and delayed bone age: A new syndrome?
Authors: Mégarbané André , Rassi Simon , Estephan Farid , Kouba‐Hreich Edith
Published: January 2004

A boy is described with clinical features including post‐natal short stature, short limbs, speech delay, relatively large skull, prominent metopic ridge, wide palpebral fissures, proptosis, epicanthic folds, capillary hemangioma between the eyes and nose, flat nasal bridge, everted and small nares, small ears with a narrow external auditory canal and thick lobes, short neck, brachydactyly, bilateral Simian creases, a single flexion crease of the first and fifth fingers, protruding abdomen, and bilateral cryptorchidism. Radiographs did not show any features of bone dysplasia. However, a delayed bone age was noted. The boy's parents are first cousins. To the best of our knowledge, this constellation of anomalies has not been reported before, and may be considered a new syndrome. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.