bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern views on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Shnayder N. A. , Trefilova V. V. , Ashkhotov A. V. , Ovdienko O. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is defined as a multifactorial degenerative disease of the spine, starting from the structures of the nucleus pulposus of the IVD, spreading to the fibrous ring and other elements of the spinal motion segment. Unlike natural aging, a pathological degenerative process that occurs in IVDs as a result of the additive effect of genetic predisposition and external environmental factors leads to the formation of chronic back pain and reduces the patient’s quality of life. Despite many years of studying the problem of the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration, it is far from being resolved, which encourages us to further study the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of this pathology.

Aim. To update the knowledge of practicing neurologists about the results of modern studies of the leading mechanisms of development of IVD degeneration in humans and their role in the development of promising biomarkers of this pathology and new strategies for pathogenetic therapy.

Materials and methods. A search and analysis of publications was carried out in Russian-language (e-Library) and Englishlanguage databases (PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Keys, Springer, Elsevier, Google Scholar). Search depth – 5 years (2018–2023).

Results. The analyzed and generalized results of studies of the molecular mechanisms influencing the development and progression of this pathology are presented. The leading pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of IVD degeneration, such as oxidative stress and the NO system, cytokine imbalance, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases, dysfunction of fibrillar collagens and proteoglycan, as well as their relationship with each other, were considered.

Conclusion. The review provides a broader look at the pathogenetic mechanisms of IVD degeneration, which makes it possible to set new goals for future development of promising therapeutic strategies.
Lemierre’s syndrome as a rare cause of septic pulmonary embolism (case report)
Authors: Chipigina N. S. , Karpova N. Yu. , Vinokurov A. S. , Kotova D. P. , Gasparyan A. A. , Kashkovskaya P. A. , Makaev A. G. , Sapko M. S.
Published: June 2024

Objectives. The purpose of this work is to provide a clinical case study of Lemierre’s syndrome (LS) in order to raise awareness amongst doctors of various medical specialties regarding this rare cause of septic pulmonary embolism (SPE).

Materials and methods. The patient in clinical case is a 25-year-old female who was hospitalized due to SPE, which had been complicated by respiratory distress, pneumothorax and septic shock. The initial source of embolus lung damage was the septic thrombosis of both the internal and external jugular veins. This thrombosis occurred against the backdrop of a carbuncle of the lower lip, an inflammatory infiltrate at the bottom of the mouth, an abscess in the soft tissue of the chin and neck cellulitis, which correspond to the diagnostic criteria for Lemierre Syndrome.

Results. The literature data of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenic mechanisms of the venous thrombosis, embolic and septic complications among patients with LS are presented. The article discusses the clinical features and course of the disease, as well as key aspects of diagnosis, including current diagnostic criteria, with regard to the typical and atypical variants of LS. The principles of antibiotic therapy and the possibility of anticoagulation therapy in cases of septic pulmonary emboli associated with head and neck vein thrombosis are also considered.

Conclusion. LS is a rare, but clinically significant condition characterized by the development of septic thrombosis in the internal jugular vein in response to acute suppurative inflammation of the head and neck. In typical cases, the causative organism is Fusobacterium necrophorum, or other anaerobic bacteria. This pathological condition is often accompanied by multiple other septic complications, with the most significant being the development of septic pulmonary embolism. Clinical observation indicates the necessity for including LS in the differential diagnosis among causes of the septic pulmonary embolism, and for adopting a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of these patients in a specialized multifield hospital. Identification and diagnosis of Lemierre Syndrome can be challenging due to its low incidence and variable clinical presentation. Although the condition is not widely recognized among physicians, an understanding of the basic principles of its diagnosis and management can significantly improve treatment outcomes and patients prognosis.
Using the Strategy of Genome-Wide Association Studies to Identify Genetic Markers of Suicidal Behavior: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rozanov Vsevolod , Mazo Galina
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Several studies involving various suicidal phenotypes based on the strategy of the search of genome-wide associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms have been performed recently. These studies need to be generalized.
AIM: To systematize the findings of a number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for suicidal phenotypes, annotate the identified markers, analyze their functionality, and possibly substantiate the hypothesis holding that these phenotypes reflect a nonspecific set of gene variants that are relevant as relates to stress-vulnerability as a key endophenotype of suicidal behavior (SB).
METHODS: A search on the PubMed and related resources using the combinations “suicide AND GWAS” and “suicidal behavior AND GWAS” was performed. It yielded a total of 34 independent studies and meta-analyses.
RESULTS: For the 10 years since such studies emerged, they have undergone significant progress. Estimates of the SNP heritability of SB in some cases are comparable with estimates of heritability based on the twin method. Many studies show a high genetic correlation with the genomic markers of the most common mental disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder). At the same time, a genomic architecture specific to SB is also encountered. Studies utilizing the GWAS strategy have not revealed any associations of SB with candidate genes that had been previously studied in detail (different neurotransmitters, stress response system, polyamines, etc.). Frequently reported findings from various studies belong in three main groups: 1) genes involved in cell interactions, neurogenesis, the development of brain structures, inflammation, and the immune responses; 2) genes encoding receptors for neurotrophins and various components of the intracellular signaling systems involved in synaptic plasticity, embryonic development, and carcinogenesis; and 3) genes encoding various neuro-specific proteins and regulators.
CONCLUSION: In general, GWAS in the field of suicidology mainly serve the purpose of a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. However, they also demonstrate growing capability in terms of predicting and preventing suicide, especially when calculating the polygenic risk score among certain populations (psychiatric patients) and in combination with tests of different modalities. From our point of view, there exists a set of markers revealed by the GWAS strategy that seems to point to a leading role played by stress vulnerability, an endophenotype that is formed during early development and which subsequently comes to play the role of key pathogenetic mechanism in SB.
Prognostic value of the presence of serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma in uterine serous carcinoma
Authors: Kimyon Cömert Günsu , Ersak Burak , Tokalıoglu Abdurrahman Alp , Çelik Fatih , Tuğrul Ersak Duygu , Ayhan Sevgi , Kılıç Fatih , Türkmen Osman , Moraloğlu Tekin Özlem , Turan Taner
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To investigate the clinical-pathological findings, prognosis, and survival outcome of uterine serous carcinoma (USC) with or without serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (SEIC) which is still a rare entity in literature.
Materials and Methods: A total of 98 patients with USC who underwent at least a hysterectomy were reviewed. After elimination for exclusion criteria, totally 76 patients with USC who had surgical staging were evaluated. SEIC was defined as the replacement of the surface and glands of the adjacent atrophic endometrium without invasion of the stroma by the highly atypical cells resembling invasive high-grade endometrial carcinoma. The period from surgery to death or last visit was defined as overall survival (OS).
Results: The presence of SEIC was observed in half (n:38). Patients who had USC with SEIC were older and had a higher polypoid pattern than those without SEIC. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 44.8% and 62.4% in patients with and without SEIC, respectively. There was no statistical significance for other clinicopathological factors in patients who had USC with or without SEIC. The advanced stage was related to a statistically significant hazard ratio for death of 2.45. Furthermore, the stage was found as the only independent factor of OS for USC. And, lymphovascular space involvement was determined as the only independent prognostic factor for OS in patients that had USC with SEIC.
Conclusion: Although the presence of polypoid pattern was significantly higher in patients who had USC including SEIC, it was not associated with survival independently. The stage was the only prognostic factor related to OS for USC. However, the presence of the SEIC had no prognostic effect on the survival of USC.
Effect of Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naudin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Sarman Emine
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapeutic antibiotic, induces toxicity by also targeting non-cancerous cells. Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naudin (CM), a plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family with high antioxidant content, is examined in this study for its potential impact on DOX-induced cardiac damage at different doses.
Materials and Methods: 30 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 animals in each group: Control group, which received distilled water by gavage for 10 days, and intraperitoneal (i.p.) normal saline application on the 5th day of the experiment. The DOX group consisted of rats receiving a single i.p. dose of 15 mg/kg DOX on the 5th day of the experiment. Rats receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg DOX on the 5th day of the experiment were subjected to gavage for 10 days with doses of 100 mg/kg (DOX+CM100), 250 mg/kg (DOX+CM250), and 500 mg/kg (DOX+CM500) of CM, respectively. 24 hours after the last drug administration, the experimental animals were sacrificed under anesthesia. Heart tissue was examined histochemically and immunohistochemically.
Results: At the end of the experiment, histopathological examination of the heart tissue; Compared to the control group, histolopathological findings such as degeneration of muscle fibers, vacuole-like structures between muscle fibers, congestion in vessels, and edema between collaterals were observed in the DOX group. These findings significantly decreased in the DOX+CM250 treatment group. While an increase in Caspase-3, HSP 70 and NF-κB-p65 immunoreactivities was observed in the DOX group (+++); In the DOX+CM250 group, these findings decreased significantly (+).
Conclusion: DOX accelerated the apoptotic process, increased intracellular and oxidative stress, and triggered an inflammatory response, as demonstrated histochemically and immunohistochemically. CM administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg expedited cardiac remodeling.
Doç. Dr. Yalçın Lüleci’nin Anısına
Authors: Nas Alparslan
Published: June 2024

6 Haziran 2024 tarihinde fakültemizin çok değerli öğretim üyesi Doç. Dr. Yalçın Lüleci’nin hayata veda ettiği haberiyle sarsıldık. Cemal Süreya’nın meşhur ifadesiyle “her ölüm erken ölümdür”; ancak yine de, üretken bir akademisyen, çalışkan bir idareci ve çok iyi bir insanı, gerek akademik gerekse kişisel yaşamında yapabileceği ve bizlere katabileceği daha çok şey varken kaybetmenin derin üzüntüsünü yaşıyoruz. Marmara İletişim mezunu olan, uzun yıllar fakültemizde öğretim üyeliği ve idarecilik yapmış, çok sayıda öğrenci yetiştirmiş, dergimizde dil editörü olarak görev almış bir yol arkadaşımız ve kişisel olarak bahsetmem gerekirse, doktora yıllarımdan itibaren bir ağabey, mentor ve arkadaş olarak bana çok şey katmış bir meslektaşımız olarak Doç. Dr. Yalçın Lüleci’yi rahmetle anıyoruz.
DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER FROM UTERINE CERVIX IMAGES USING TRANSFER LEARNING ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Göker Hanife
Published: June 2024

Cervical cancer is a common and serious cancer affecting more than half a million women worldwide. For cervical cancer disease management, prognosis prediction, or optimizing medical intervention, early detection of the disease is critical. It is one of the types of cancer that can be successfully treated, as long as it is diagnosed early and managed effectively. In this study, an image processing-based solution was proposed for the diagnosis of cervical cancer from uterine cervix images using transfer learning architectures to reduce the workload and assist the experts. The proposed transfer learning model was tested using a publicly available dataset, which includes 917 uterine cervix images. Uterine cervix images were enhanced and brightness level using the histogram equalization method and denoised using the Gaussian filter. Then, the performances of AlexNet, DenseNet201, MobilenetV2, Resnet50, Xception, and VGG19 transfer learning architectures were compared. The transfer learning model performance was evaluated using the 10-fold cross-validation method. VGG19 transfer learning algorithm had the highest performance. VGG19 transfer learning algorithm achieved 98.26% accuracy, 0.9671 f1-measure, 0.9896 specificity, 0.9631 sensitivity, 0.9711 precision, 0.9552 Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and 0.955 kappa statistic. The combination of histogram equalization, Gaussian filter, and the VGG19 transfer learning approach can be used for accurate and efficient detection of cervical cancer from uterine cervix images. In this study, more accuracy was achieved compared to the known related studies in the literature.
ON THE FUZZIFICATION OF GREEK PLANES OF KLEIN QUADRIC
Authors: Karakaya Münevvere Mine , Akça Ziya
Published: June 2024

A projective space of dimension 3 over a finite Galois field GF(q) is denoted as PG(3,q). It is defined as the set of all one-dimensional subspaces of 4-dimensional vector space over this Galois field. Klein transformation maps a projective plane of PG(3,2) to a Greek plane of the Klein quadric. This paper introduces the fuzzification of Greek planes passing through the base point, any point on the base line different from the base point, and any point not on the base line of the base plane of 5-dimensional fuzzy projective space.
Modelos Proativos de Apoio à Informação do Sistema Judiciário
Authors: Teremetskyi Vladyslav , Kovalchuk Olha , Kolesnikov Andrii , Udovenko Zhanna , Shramko Oleksandr , Predmestnikov Oleg
Published: June 2024

No mundo moderno e dinâmico, o crime está a tornar-se cada vez mais transnacional e apoiado tecnologicamente. Isto exige que os sistemas judiciais de diferentes países apliquem abordagens inovadoras e tecnologias de informação de última geração para combatê-lo eficazmente. A pesquisa apresentada propõe uma nova abordagem proativa para identificar tendências criminais, que combina modelos de regras associativas e modelos geoespaciais. O artigo visa desenvolver um modelo de informação e implementar uma nova abordagem preditiva para estudar tendências criminais para descobrir padrões complexos e fortes relacionamentos em dados criminais. A pesquisa utilizou uma metodologia abrangente, incorporando procedimentos experimentais, métodos de síntese, mineração de regras associativas para reconhecimento de padrões e modelagem preditiva geoespacial para identificação e previsão de tendências espaciais. Os modelos aplicados foram construídos utilizando dados reais sobre casos criminais na região de Ternopil (Ucrânia) de 2013 a 2023. Foram identificados tipos de crimes e períodos com níveis elevados de atividade criminosa, bem como indicadores de envolvimento de grupos organizados. Foram visualizadas zonas de concentração de ofensas dentro da região. A maior prevalência da criminalidade nas áreas urbanas foi confirmada. Estes modelos podem ser facilmente adaptados a novos dados e integrados num sistema de informação unificado para apoiar a tomada de decisões nos sistemas judiciais da Ucrânia e da União Europeia.
Comparative Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria in Pasteurized Milk
Authors: Oskay Mustafa
Published: June 2024

The remaining amounts of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme in pasteurized milk should be within certain limits. High ALP enzyme level may indicate that the milk has not been pasteurized sufficiently or may be due to excessive growth of spore-forming bacteria in the milk. For this purpose, pasteurized milk samples (n=50) taken from local markets of Manisa were screened for ALP activity and spore-forming bacteria. The ALP activity of most pasteurized milk was below the 350 mU/L limit and ranged from 0 to 500 mU/L. ALP activity was found to be high in only 4% of the 50 milk samples analyzed. The presence of spore-forming bacteria was investigated in suspicious and high ALP activity samples and representative colonies of bacteria that were selected and identified based on biochemical tests. All of the isolates were Bacillus spp. and Bacillus cereus was detected in only one sample. As a result, a positive correlation between ALP activity and the existence of Bacillus spp. was observed for pasteurized milk.
The Impact of Image Reconstruction Parameters on TARE Treatment Dosimetric Calculation
Authors: Kovan Bilal , Işık Emine Göknur
Published: June 2024

Accurate dosimetric calculations are essential to enhance therapeutic efficacy in Yttrium-90 (Y-90) microsphere therapy, which rely significantly on the three-dimensional imaging parameters used. This study aims to evaluate the reconstruction parameters used to generate three-dimensional images from SPECT data obtained for dosimetric calculations, and to determine the optimal reconstruction parameters. This retrospective study evaluated Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) images of 30 patients (8 women and 22 men) who underwent Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) treatment at our clinic between 2018 and 2019 using Technetium 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA). The SPECT images were reconstructed using 20 different iterations and subset values. The perfused areas were identified using 5% and 10% threshold values. At the 5% threshold, the maximum difference from the average was 20.7% at 2 iterations and 2 subsets. For other parameters, the difference from the average was less than 2.8%. At the 10% threshold, the maximum difference from the average was 14.8% at 2 iterations and 2 subsets, with other parameters again showing a difference of less than 2.8%. For effective TARE treatment, it is recommended to set the SPECT image reconstruction parameters to higher than 5 iterations and 5 subsets following the administration of 99mTc-MAA.
An Alternative Approach to Find the Position Vector of a General Helix
Authors: Güzelkardeşler Gizem , Şahiner Burak
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach centered around an alternative moving frame for finding the position vector of a general helix given its curvature and torsion. Our methodology begins by formulating a vector differential equation, leveraging the unit principal normal vector of a general helix with the assistance of the alternative moving frame. Then, by solving this differential equation, we obtain the position vector of the general helix. This innovative technique is then applied to ascertain the position vector of a circular helix. To illustrate the effectiveness of our method, we showcase parametric representations of various general helices, each defined by unique curvature and torsion functions.
The State of Intoxication as an Attribute of Transport Crimes
Authors:   Deputy Dean for Research of the Law Faculty, Head of the Department of Criminal Law of the Ulyanovsk State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Medvedev Evgeny V.
Published: June 2024

One of the most difficult issues of the qualification of transport crimes in investigative and judicial practice is still the issue of assessing violations of traffic rules and (or) operation of vehicles, as well as other requirements of transport safety, committed while intoxicated, and associated with the abandonment of the place of a traffic accident by the culprit. These signs have long been in the area of close attention not only of the legislator and law enforcement officer, but also of the entire scientific community, nevertheless, they have not yet received a proper exhaustive interpretation both in theory and in the norms of the law themselves. The article attempts to resolve the accumulated contradictions, formulates proposals for improving the criminal law mechanism for countering criminal accidents in transport caused by persons who are intoxicated.
Genesis of Legal Bases of Collection Activities within the Framework of the Judicial Reform: Evolution Stages and the Contemporary State
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Arrangement of Judicial and Law Enforcement Activities of the Russian State University of Justice, Tuganov Yury N. , Aulov Vladimir K. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Arrangement of Judicial and Law Enforcement Activities of the Russian State University of Justice, Pristupa Fedor N. ,   Judge Emeritus of a Military Court
Published: June 2024

The article traces the main stages of the formation and development of the legal foundations of collection activities in the Russian Federation. It is noted that at the first stage – until 2016 – the collectors, who began their activities in the Russian financial services market in the early 2000s, carried out their work within the frame-work of general civil legislation, based on their own ideas about legality. The adoption on July 3, 2016 of two Federal Laws No. 230-FZ «On the Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Individuals in the Implementation of Activities for the Repay-ment of Overdue Debts and on Amendments to the Federal Law «On Microfinance Activities and Microfinance Organizations» and No. 231-FZ «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law «On the Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Individuals in the Implementation of Activities for the Re-payment of Overdue Debts and on Amendments to the Federal Law «On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations», marked the beginning of the second stage of the development of legal regulation of this segment of Russian legislation. The current (third) stage in the evolution of the legal foundations of collection activities is associated with the entry into force of Federal Law No. 467-FZ dated August 4, 2023 «On Amendments to the Federal Law «On the Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of In-dividuals in the Implementation of Activities for the Repayment of Overdue Debts and on Amendments to the Federal Law «On Microfinance Activities and microfinance organizations». It is stated that at this stage, the improvement of the legal regulation of this segment of Rus-sian legislation is carried out simultaneously in several directions with the priority of developing a digital model of interaction between the state, business and the debtor.
THE PROBLEM OF THE BALANCE OF ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS OF HEIRS AND CREDITORS IN CHALLENGING TESTATOR'S TRANSACTIONS
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Jurisprudence of the M.I. Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Krushevskaya Maya V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of balancing ensuring the rights of heirs and creditors when challenging transactions of the testator. The article contains an analysis of judicial practice. The author states that challenging the testator's transactions does not always ensure a balance of the rights of heirs and creditors. The norms enshrined in civil legislation on limiting the rights of heirs and the absence of any priority in the order of creditors when satisfying the debts of the testator contribute to the emergence of an imbalance. An attempt to solve difficulties will become possible by improving substantive legal norms, taking into account the latest trends in the development of law. The solution to the issue is seen in providing the civil registry offi ce with the maintenance of the Federal Register of the Dead, which is open in nature.
Molecular Interaction Studies on Physiochemical and Derived Properties of Binary mixtures at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Navarkhele Vaijanath , Navarkhele Aishwarya
Published: June 2024

The physiochemical properties like refractive indices, densities, and static dielectric constants of binary mixtures were measured over the entire concentration range. Refractive index and densities were measured at 293.15 K, and dielectric constants at (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15 K) temperatures for the n-propanol-formamide binary system. From dielectric data, the related and excess properties were calculated and reported in this work. From experimental refractive indices and densities, various related and excess properties were estimated and reported in this study. Static dielectric constants, densities, and refractive index of the binary system increase with the increase in the mole fraction of formamide. The results obtained were discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions, structural effects, hydrogen bonding, and other possible interactions between like and unlike molecules of the binary system.
Jezikoslovna terminologija v Pleteršnikovem Slovensko-nemškem slovarju
Authors: Trojar Mitja
Published: June 2024

V prispevku so analizirani izbrani jezikoslovni termini, vključeni v Pleteršnikov Slovensko-nemški slovar (1894/1895). V raziskavo je bilo zajetih 50 pogostih jezikoslovnih pojmov. Poimenovanja za te pojme, sprejeta v Pleteršnikov Sloven-sko-nemški slovar, so primerjana s termini, uporabljenimi v izbranih slovenskih slovnicah, in sicer v Janežičevi Slovenski slovnici s kratkim pregledom slovenskega slovstva (1854) in Slovenski slovnici za domačo in šolsko rabo (1863) ter v Brezni‑ kovi Slovenski slovnici za srednje šole (1916).
Relative Distribution of M Cell in the Follicle-associated Epithelium of Peyer’s Patch and Solitary Lymphoid Nodule of Porcine Intestines
Authors: Gautam C.K. , Sarma Kabita , Talukdar M. , Sarma Munmun , Sinha S. , Choudhury K.B.D. , Barman N.N. , Tamuly S. , Buragohain Mridusmrita
Published: June 2024

Background: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in pig comprises the Peyer’s patches (PP) in the small intestine and solitary lymphoid nodules (SLN) in the large intestine. The dome epithelium that lines the lymphoid follicles of PP and SLN is specially designed for the uptake of gut luminal antigen where M cell is the principal cell type responsible for antigen uptake and processing. Methods: In porcine, the M cells were detected in cryosections with the help of FITC-labelled anti-cytokeratin-18 antibody. Result: The relative distribution pattern of this cell type reflected the possible difference in the microbial environment and, necessity of protective or tolerogenic response against the gut luminal antigens in small and large intestines. It also revealed the preferred location of uptake of mucosal antigen. The number of M cells was highest in the ileum and rectum in the small and large intestine respectively. These cells were mainly confined to the follicle-associated epithelium of the intestinal lymphoid aggregated. However, M cells were also observed in absorptive villi epithelium and in the villi epithelium where lamina propria lymphocytes were more in number.
Family Support, Friends' Support And Significant Others On Self Efficacy In Women Islamic Students
Authors: Paulina Melisa , Rusli Ris'an , Al-Kaf Idrus , S. Bintang Rahmat , Qadriyah Siti Rahmi , Lintina Shovia , Masita Adnan Eva , Mistarija Mistarija , Bukhari Bukhari , Trilia Trilia , Permana Dede , Fajri Busti Muharramainil
Published: June 2024

Female students face additional stress and difficulties in adjusting to higher education which has a negative impact on academic achievement. This is because of the dual roles played by female students, so social support is needed in forming self-efficacy in female students to achieve learning goals. This research aims to examine the relationship between family support, friend support and significant others on self-efficacy in female Islamic students. In this research, researchers used a quantitative method with 286 female Islamic student subjects with the sampling technique used was a non-probability sampling technique.In this study, researchers used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel 8.8 to test the validity of the measuring instrument. In looking at descriptive statistics, the researcher uses SPSS 23 software. The conclusion obtained from the results of this research is that there is a significant and positive influence between social support and self-efficacy of Islamic students of 0.109 or 10.9% while the remaining 80.1% is influenced by other variables outside the research.. Based on testing the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable in this study, there are three dimensions with significant regression coefficient values, namely: the dimensions of family support and significant others. Apart from that, there is one dimension of social support that is not significant, namely the support friends dimension.
The effect of sleep on swimming performance
Authors: Dawson Phoebe , Burnie Louise
Published: June 2024

There has been extensive research on sleep, including the stages, deprivation, and importance. The benefits of sleep have been known for a long period of time and the recommended 8h is widely accepted. There is limited research into the importance of sleep for athletes, especially swimmers. There is also very little research into university athletes. It is important to understand the effect on student-athletes as their lifestyle, diet and general day-to-day life differ from elite athletes. The aim of the study was to investigate if quality of sleep affects swimming performance in university level swimmers. Ethical approval was given by the Northumbria University Faculty of Health and Life Science Ethics Committee. 11 student-athletes from the Northumbria University swimming team were recruited for the study. The sample size was determined by the size of the swimming team and those who volunteered. Participants completed a 50 and 200 m freestyle timed swim in the morning and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The times were compared between morning and evening, and between those deemed to have good quality sleep compared to poor quality sleep. The data was tested for normality and analysed using a paired t-test and Wilcoxon, depending on the normality of the data. For the 200 m swim, performance was quicker in the evening (P = 0.013). Eight out of the 11 swimmers (66%) were deemed to have poor quality sleep, one of those having a sleeping disorder. These results are in line with another study looking at the time of day on swimming performance (Nunes, et al. [2021]. Chronobiology International., 38, 1), where a significant difference was found in performance in a 400 m swim (between morning and evening), and no difference in a 50 m swim. As 66% of participants were found to have poor quality sleep, this highlights the importance of sleep and understanding the effects of sleep deprivation. The findings of the study reveal that the athletes performed better in the evening (18:00 hrs) compared to the morning (07:00 hrs). This is important when planning competitions and training programs. By understanding that athletes perform better in the evening when they’re more motivated and alert, coaches can plan more sessions in the evening than in the morning. This can also be considered for BUCS events, as the performance standard will be higher later in the day.
Does upper body static stretching in warm up effect repeated sprint ability in boxers?
Authors: Naylor Richard , Kirk Chris
Published: June 2024

Boxing is a high intensity intermittent sport consisting of multiple 2 or 3 minute rounds. For a boxer to win, they must perform a higher quantity of strikes on their opponent. The mechanics of a punch draws power from the feet and lower body via rotation and ground force generation, however, the action still utilises the upper body predominantly (Beattie & Ruddock. 2022, J Strength Cond Res, 36, 2957-2969). The ability to perform repeated bouts of maximal effort with limited recovery may be indicative of success. Static ‘developmental’ stretches are suggested by England Boxing for use in post-exercise cool-down, although without detailed justification (England Boxing. 2023, Level 1 coaching handbook). Static stretching in warm-up has also been explored in other practices with mixed results (Haddad et al; 2014, J Strength Cond Res, 28, 140-146) and is yet to be researched for boxing. Arm-cranking has previously been used as a sport-specific measurement for upper body power output in amateur boxers. (Venckunas et al; 2022, J Strength Cond Res, 36, 717-722). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of static stretching in warm-up on upper-body repeated maximal effort arm crank ability in boxers. It is hypothesised that a static stretching intervention in warm-up will improve boxers' repeated maximal effort ability. For this repeated-measures design, a sample of male “development” level boxers (England Boxing. 2023, England Boxing Development Championship) will be recruited. Following institutional ethical approval, participants will partake in 2 sessions where they will perform 7 repetitions of 6s arm-crank maximal-effort sprints separated by 13 s recovery. This time duration simulates the activity:recovery ratio and intensity of a boxing bout (Davis et al., 2017, J Strength Cond Res). Peak power (W) will be measured in each sprint, with fatigue index (FI%) and decrement score calculated to assess participant fatigue over the 7 maximal efforts. There will be a light 1-minute sport-specific warm-up (Shadowboxing) before the first session, then a week later the participants repeat the warm up but with an additional stretching intervention. The static stretches include 2 repetitions of 30 s upper-body focussed static stretches until mild discomfort (upper limbs and shoulders, back and chest) (Liguori et al., 2021, ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription). Peak power, FI% and decrement score will be compared Pre-Post stretching intervention using paired samples t-test and Cohen’s d effect size using SPSS.
An investigation into the effects of cryo-compression versus TECAR therapy on symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage
Authors: Jones Kai , Skinner Brendon , Cuttell Saul
Published: June 2024

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results from unaccustomed exercise in which the observed effects are reported to last up to 96h (Peake et al., 2017, J Appl Physiol, 122). The use of both cryotherapy and thermal interventions have been explored for reducing the symptoms of EIMD however their effectiveness has been debated with conflicting views on the efficacy of both interventions. This study aimed to directly contrast the effectiveness of cryotherapy and thermal applications on symptoms of EIMD. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Northampton Sport and Exercise Ethics Committee. Twenty-eight (N=28, 10 female) moderately active participants (120-180 min a week; age 19.9 ±1.38 years, stature 174.8 ± 8.9 cm, mass 73.8 ± 15.5 kg) participated in an independent-subject design trial. At 0 h participants performed baseline tests (VAS, MVIC, CMJ and MTC) and then a fatigue protocol (20 × 5 box drop-jumps at 60 cm). Measures of EIMD were assessed over 96 h before random allocation to 15-min of TECAR (0 h= 10%, 24 h= 20%, 48 h= 30%, 72 h= 40%), Game-Ready (1˚C with an average pressure of 50 mmhg over 180 s) or control groups (seated rest). A two-way mixed model ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc pairwise comparison analyses were conducted. A Friedmans ANOVA was conducted for combined VAS data with a post-hoc Wilcoxon test. Within-group analysis revealed significant differences in MVIC (P = 0.001, n2 = 0.573) with interaction effect by condition (P = 0.021, n2 = 0.161). Pairwise comparisons revealed effects following TECAR at 0-24 h, P=0.009 (−10.2%), 0-48 h, P=0.033 (−9.5%), Game-Ready at 0-24 h, P = 0.001 (−15.0%), 0-48 h, P = 0.001 (−16.5%), 0-72 h, P = 0.001 (−12.3%) and control at 0-24 h, P = 0.001 (−12.8%), 0-48 h, P=0.008 (-10.8%). No significant differences were found at baseline between VAS scores (P=0.154), but significant differences were found at all other time points for all conditions (P < 0.05). TECAR resulted in the least performance decrements but experienced the greatest pain, compared to the Game-Ready, which resulted in the greatest performance loss but experienced the least pain. Neither TECAR nor Game-Ready appear advantageous over each other in attenuating symptoms of EIMD.
Exploring the factors that influence the food choices of 14- to 16-year-old competitive cyclists in the UK
Authors: Bonnar Katie , Roberts Sinead
Published: June 2024

The natural growth and maturation process for young people is metabolically taxing and, for young athletes, there is added pressure to ensure sufficient energy to sustain sporting pursuits. Adolescence is also a time of increasing independence coupled with a continued dependence upon guardians. There is an increasing understanding of the physiology and expected nutritional needs of the competitive youth cyclist, however understanding of their nutrition knowledge and behaviours lags behind. The aim of this study was to explore the factors which influence the food choices of 14- to 16-year-old competitive cyclists in the UK, to inform the development of effective and sustainable nutrition support frameworks for this demographic. To do this, one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted in-person or online with these athletes. Questions focussed on understanding the athletes’ sources of information, perspectives, and perceived level of agency surrounding their food practices. Interviews were conducted with a total of five athletes (female = 4, male = 1). Audio recordings were transcribed and inductively coded by hand to check for saturation before being compiled into a larger data set which was analysed for concepts and themes. The final codes were interrogated by an external researcher to further increase their validity. Data analysis revealed five key themes for this sample: influence, practice, personal narrative, opportunity, and optimal support. Subthemes for influence were parents, coaches, experiential learning, community, the external cycling world, peers, and externally contracted support. Subthemes for practice were fluid and hydration, carbohydrates, protein, caffeine, and food culture within cycling. Subthemes for personal narrative were application of knowledge, categorisation, lack of motivation, personal control, food as enjoyment, and superstition and ritual. Subthemes for opportunity were family support, independence, and planning. Subthemes for optimal support were guidance wanted and bespoke solutions. Though saturation was not achieved, the sample showed homogeneity across a number of areas and across sexes. Participants expressed a desire for nutrition guidance and, in particular, solutions tailored to their circumstances. They would prefer to receive nutrition support from trusted coaches who know them and their training loads, in an informal manner rather than through formal nutrition support from a professional. There was scepticism about the ability of a nutritionist to understand their unique sporting needs. Recommendations include further research into this population and also an examination of the knowledge and support required by guardians and coaches of youth cyclists to develop a practical approach that supports the athletic triangle.
Profilassi Pre-Esposizione (PrEP): uno dei caposaldi nella prevenzione dell’infezione da HIV.
Authors: Pagnucco Layla
Published: June 2024

L’HIV rimane un importante problema di salute pubblica globale. Nel 2021 sono state segnalate 16.624 nuove diagnosi di HIV in 29 paesi dell’UE; sesso tra uomini rappresenta la modalità predominante di trasmissione seguito dal contagio eterosessuale.
L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità si è posta come obiettivo il raggiungimento della fine dell’epidemia da infezione da HIV entro il 2030; per ottenere questo risultato ha ipotizzato una strategia che combini l’implementazione delle misure di prevenzione, tra cui l'uso del preservativo e la profilassi pre-esposizione (PrEP) con la profilassi post-esposizione (PEP), lo screening e la terapia antiretrovirale. La PrEP consiste nella somministrazione di una terapia antiretrovirale (ART) a persone che non hanno l'HIV, ma sono ad alto rischio, per prevenirne il contagio; il suo utilizzo è supportato da numerosi studi clinici e da dati di real life. Prima dell’inizio dell’assunzione della PrEP, il paziente deve eseguire un test HIV per escludere la presenza dell’infezione e lo screening per le malattie sessualmente trasmissibili; in caso di negatività della sierologia per HAV e HBV il paziente deve essere invitato ad eseguire la vaccinazione. I pazienti devono eseguire controlli regolari per monitorare l’aderenza al trattamento e la comparsa di eventuali effetti collaterali, ed eseguire uno screening periodico delle malattie sessualmente trasmissibili.
Menschenrechte, Demokratie und Politik im Religions- und Ethikunterricht
Authors: Pirner Manfred
Published: June 2024

Seit geraumer Zeit wird die politische Dimension des Religionsunterrichts (RU) wiederentdeckt und sein entsprechendes Potenzial, zur politischen, Demokratie- und Menschenrechtsbildung beizutragen, betont. Dabei wird auch häufig konstatiert, dass der aktuelle RU dieses Potenzial zu wenig entfaltet. Um zur Beurteilung dieser Einschätzung erste empirische Anhaltspunkte zu finden, wurde der Forschungsstand zu den entsprechenden curricularen Vorgaben erhoben sowie eine eigene Analyse der Lehrpläne des evangelischen und katholischen RU für die allgemeinbildenden Schularten aller Bundesländer durchgeführt; zum Vergleich wurden auch die Lehrpläne der Ersatz- und Alternativfächer (summarisch: „Ethikunterricht“ [EU]) einbezogen. Dazu wurde quantitativ das Vorkommen von Schlüsselbegriffen aus den Wortfeldern Menschenrechte, Demokratie und Politik erhoben. Dabei zeigte sich, dass RU und EU in erster Linie implizit zu Menschenrechts-, Demokratie- und politischer Bildung beitragen, während sich im Bereich der expliziten Bildung, v. a. der expliziten Menschen- und Kinderrechtsbildung, Defizite sowie ein sehr heterogenes Bild zeigen. Die Befunde geben Anlass, die Lehrpläne mancher Bundesländer kritisch weiterzuentwickeln, aber auch eine bundesländer- und fächerübergreifende Verständigung über den konzeptionell begründeten Stellenwert der untersuchten Querschnittsaufgaben in den Unterrichtsfächern zu suchen.
UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage in Zambia (2016-2019)
Authors: Br Munthe Arta Salesta , Farid Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Child marriage is a prevalent phenomenon in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is one with the highest rate of child marriages, with 1.7 million child brides. This study investigates the contribution of UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) and UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) to cope with child marriage issues in Zambia through the Global Program to End Child Marriage (GPECM). The writer employs the concept of Human Security as an analytical tool in addressing the risk of child marriage in Zambia. This article next explains the role of UNICEF and UNFPA as international organizations in handling human security cases in Zambia. The final result of the study revealed that UNICEF and UNFPA contributed significantly to handling child marriage cases as a human security issue in Zambia by empowering adolescent girls, advocating for policy, providing assistance to enhance the quality of social services, and creating guidance to address the challenges.
Keywords: Child Marriage, Human Security, GPECM, UNICEF, UNFPA
 Perkawinan anak merupakan fenomena umum di negara-negara berkembang, terutama di sub-Sahara Afrika. Zambia adalah salah satu negara dengan tingkat pernikahan anak tertinggi di dunia dengan 1,7 juta pengantin perempuan kategori anak. Studi ini mengkaji kontribusi UNICEF (Dana Anak-Anak Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) dan UNFPA (Dana Penduduk Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) dalam mengatasi isu perkawinan anak di Zambia melalui Global Program to End Child Marriage (GPECM). Penulis menggunakan konsep Keamanan Manusia (Human Security) sebagai alat analisis dalam menangani risiko perkawinan anak di Zambia. Penulis selanjutnya menjelaskan peran UNICEF dan UNFPA sebagai organisasi internasional yang berinisiatif menangani kasus keamanan manusia di Zambia. Hasil akhir penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa UNICEF dan UNFPA berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam menangani kasus perkawinan anak sebagai isu keamanan manusia di Zambia dengan memberdayakan anak perempuan, mengadvokasi kebijakan, memberikan bantuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan sosial, dan membuat panduan penanganan khusus atas kasus tersebut.
Kata-kata Kunci: Pernikahan Anak di Zambia, Keamanan Manusia, GPECM, UNICEF, UNFPA
WESTERN TÜRÜNE MEYDAN OKUMAK: “THE POWER OF DOG“ FİLMİNDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET VE ERKEKLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: Cemiloğlu Meltem
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma, Thomas Savage’ın 1967 tarihli romanına dayanarak Jane Campion tarafından
yazılıp yönetilen 2021 yılı yapımı “The Power of Dog” filminde Western türü geleneklerinin
nasıl yapılandırıldığını araştırmaktadır. Klasik bir western filmi mi yoksa western türünü
ve efsanevi Amerikan kovboyunu yapısöküme uğratan bir film olup olmadığı sorunsalı ile
yola çıkılmaktadır. Bu tarz türsel geleneklerde süregelmiş cinsiyet dinamiklerinden yola
çıkılarak filmdeki toplumsal cinsiyet ve erkeklik temsillerinin sorgulanması amaçlanmaktadır.
Bu bağlamda, filmdeki toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini analiz etmek için öncelikle western
türünün gelenekleri ortaya konmuştur. Sonrasında, Western türünün geleneklerinde
bulunan karşıtlıklar ile toplumsal cinsiyet ve erkeklik arasındaki ilişki feminist film kuramı
çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve filmin içerdiği anlamlar nitel bir yöntem olan tür analizi ile
incelenmiştir. Bu anlam arayışında feminist film kuramı, sinemada toplumsal cinsiyetin
nasıl inşa edildiğini ve temsil edildiğini anlamak için önemli bir analitik araç olmuştur.
Western türü, geleneksel olarak erkek kahramanları merkezine yerleştirerek ve kadın karakterleri
ikincil bir rolde tutarak hegemonik erkeklik ideallerine dayanan erkek egemen
bir perspektife sahiptir. Ancak, “The Power of Dog” filmi içerdiği ikiliklerle feminist film
kuramı bağlamında Western türündeki geleneksel cinsiyet dinamiklerini sarsan ve cinsel
kimliklerin karmaşıklığına vurgu yaparak hegemonik erkeklik anlayışını sorgulayan bir
perspektif sunar. Böylece “The Power of Dog” filmi Western türünün geleneksel cinsiyet
normlarına meydan okuyan bir anti-western türü olarak tanımlanabilir.