bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving parameter recovery for conflict drift-diffusion models
Authors: Hübner Ronald , Pelzer Thomas
Published: February 2020

Several drift-diffusion models have been developed to account for the performance in conflict tasks. Although a common characteristic of these models is that the drift rate changes within a trial, their architecture is rather different. Comparative studies usually examine which model fits the data best. However, a good fit does not guarantee good parameter recovery, which is a necessary condition for a valid interpretation of any fit. A recent simulation study revealed that recovery performance varies largely between models and individual parameters. Moreover, recovery was generally not very impressive. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to introduce and test an improved fit procedure. It is based on a grid search for determining the initial parameter values and on a specific criterion for assessing the goodness of fit. Simulations show that not only the fit performance but also parameter recovery improved substantially by applying this procedure, compared to the standard one. The improvement was largest for the most complex model.
USING TECHNICAL SULFUR AS A STRUCTURING ADDITIVE FOR MINERAL BINDERS BASED ON CALCIUM SULFATE
Authors: Yakovlev Grigorij I. , Polyanskih Irina S. , Gordina Anastasia F. , Gumeniuk Aleksandr N.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses physical and chemical characteristics of producing effective materials based on calcium sulfate dihydrate,
the pretreated waste of man-made production being added at the stage of mixing the air binder. The high degree of consumption of exhaustible natural
resources causes increased research activities in the field of application of industrial waste in construction. Using manmade waste, such as technical
sulfur, as a modifier of the structure and properties of building materials is a significant step in solving environmental, resource, and economic
problems. Industrial production of building materials today follows the principles of sustainable development and waste minimization by optimizing
product formulations and reducing energy consumption required for their production. In addition, the improvement of quality and performance indicators
of standardized products is relevant and sought-after. The need for efficient technologies for utilization of technical sulfur is due to large volumes
of production and the environmental threat which accompanies the storage of its large volumes. Adding technical sulfur as a component of technological
construction mixtures will create an alternative to the methods of utilization of this production waste. Physical and technical and physical and chemical
properties of technical sulfur predetermine the possibility of its use, with certain additional treatment, as an effective modifier of the structure
and properties of gypsum products. The results presented in the article prove the potential use of this production waste as an effective structure-forming
additive, which has a positive effect on the physical and technical parameters of calcium sulfate-based materials.
Kepler-1661 b: A Neptune-sized Kepler Transiting Circumbinary Planet around a Grazing Eclipsing Binary
Authors: Socia Quentin J , Welsh William F , Orosz Jerome A , Cochran William D , Endl Michael , Quarles Billy , Short Donald R , Torres Guillermo , Windmiller Gur , Yenawine Mitchell
Published: February 2020

We report the discovery of a Neptune-sized (

) transiting circumbinary planet, Kepler-1661 b, found in the Kepler photometry. The planet has a period of ∼175 days and its orbit precesses with a period of only 35 yr. The precession causes the alignment of the orbital planes to vary, and the planet is in a transiting configuration only ∼7% of the time as seen from Earth. As with several other Kepler  circumbinary planets, Kepler-1661 b orbits close to the stability radius, and is near the (hot) edge of the habitable zone. The planet orbits a single-lined, grazing eclipsing binary, containing a 0.84

and 0.26

pair of stars in a mildly eccentric (e = 0.11), 28.2 day orbit. The system is fairly young, with an estimated age of ∼1–3 Gyr, and exhibits significant starspot modulations. The grazing eclipse configuration means the system is very sensitive to changes in the binary inclination, which manifests itself as a change in the eclipse depth. The starspots contaminate the eclipse photometry, but not in the usual way of inducing spurious eclipse timing variations. Rather, the starspots alter the normalization of the light curve, and hence the eclipse depths. This can lead to spurious eclipse depth variations, which are then incorrectly ascribed to binary orbital precession.
The Nucleosynthetic Yields of Core-collapse Supernovae: Prospects for the Next Generation of Gamma-Ray Astronomy
Authors: Andrews S. , Fryer C. , Even W. , Jones S. , Pignatari M.
Published: February 2020

Though the neutrino-driven convection model for the core-collapse explosion mechanism has received strong support in recent years, there are still many uncertainties in the explosion parameters—such as explosion energy, remnant mass, and end-of-life stellar abundances as initial conditions. Using a broad set of spherically symmetric core-collapse simulations we examine the effects of these key parameters on explosive nucleosynthesis and final explosion yields. The post-bounce temperature and density evolution of zero-age main-sequence 15, 20, and 25 solar mass progenitors are post-processed through the Nucleosynthesis Grid nuclear network to obtain detailed explosive yields. In particular, this study focuses on radio isotopes that are of particular interest to the next generation of gamma-ray astronomical observations: 43K, 47Ca, 44Sc, 47Sc, 48V, 48Cr, 51Cr, 52Mn, 59Fe, 56Co, 57Co, and 57Ni. These nuclides may be key in advancing our understanding of the inner workings of core-collapse supernovae by probing the parameters of the explosion engine. We find that the isotopes that are strong indicators of explosion energy are 43K, 47Ca, 44Sc, 47Sc, and 59Fe, those that are dependent on the progenitor structure are 48V, 51Cr, and 57Co, and those that probe neither are 48Cr, 52Mn, 57Ni, and 56Co. We discuss the prospects of observing these radionuclides in supernova remnants.
Interpreting Observations of Absorption Lines in the Circumgalactic Medium with a Turbulent Medium
Authors: Buie Edward , Fumagalli Michele , Scannapieco Evan
Published: February 2020

Single-phase photoionization equilibrium (PIE) models are often used to infer the underlying physical properties of galaxy halos probed in absorption with ions at different ionization potentials. To incorporate the effects of turbulence, we use the Models of Agitated and Illuminated Hindering and Emitting Media (MAIHEM) code to model an isotropic turbulent medium exposed to a redshift-zero metagalactic UV background, while tracking the ionizations, recombinations, and species-by-species radiative cooling for a wide range of ions. By comparing observations and simulations over a wide range of turbulent velocities, densities, and metallicity with a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, we find that MAIHEM models provide an equally good fit to the observed low-ionization species compared to PIE models, while reproducing at the same time high-ionization species such as Si iv and O vi. By including multiple phases, MAIHEM models favor a higher metallicity (Z/Z
⊙ ≈ 40%) for the circumgalactic medium compared to PIE models. Furthermore, all of the solutions require some amount of turbulence (σ
3D

26 km s−1). Correlations between turbulence, metallicity, column density, and impact parameter are discussed alongside mechanisms that drive turbulence within the halo.
Nine Localized Deviations from Keplerian Rotation in the DSHARP Circumstellar Disks: Kinematic Evidence for Protoplanets Carving the Gaps
Authors: Pinte C. , Price D. J. , Ménard F. , Duchêne G. , Christiaens V. , Andrews S. M. , Huang J. , Hill T. , van der Plas G. , Perez L. M. , Isella A. , Boehler Y. , Dent W. R. F. , Mentiplay D. , Loomis R. A.
Published: February 2020

We present evidence for localized deviations from Keplerian rotation, i.e., velocity “kinks,” in 8 of the 18 circumstellar disks observed by the DSHARP program: DoAr 25, Elias 2–27, GW Lup, HD 143006, HD 163296, IM Lup, Sz 129, and WaOph 6. Most of the kinks are detected over a small range in both radial extent and velocity, suggesting a planetary origin, but for some of them foreground contamination prevents us from measuring their spatial and velocity extent. Because of the DSHARP limited spectral resolution and signal to noise in the 12CO J = 2−1 line, as well as cloud contamination, the kinks are usually detected in only one spectral channel, and will require confirmation. The strongest circumstantial evidence for protoplanets in the absence of higher spectral resolution data and additional tracers is that, upon deprojection, we find that all of the candidate planets lie within a gap and/or at the end of a spiral detected in dust continuum emission. This suggests that a significant fraction of the dust gaps and spirals observed by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in disks are caused by embedded protoplanets.
GJ 1252 b: A 1.2 R⊕ Planet Transiting an M3 Dwarf at 20.4 pc
Authors: Shporer Avi , Collins Karen A. , Astudillo-Defru Nicola , Irwin Jonathan , Bonfils Xavier , Collins Kevin I. , Matthews Elisabeth , Winters Jennifer G. , Anderson David R. , Armstrong James D. , Charbonneau David , Cloutier Ryan , Daylan Tansu , Gan Tianjun , Günther Maximilian N. , Hellier Coel , Horne Keith , Huang Chelsea X. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Kielkopf John , Palle Enric , Sefako Ramotholo , Stassun Keivan G. , Tan Thiam-Guan , Vanderburg Andrew , Ricker George R. , Latham David W. , Vanderspek Roland , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Colon Knicole , Dressing Courtney D. , Léepine Sébastien , Muirhead Philip S. , Rose Mark E. , Twicken Joseph D. , Villasenor Jesus Noel
Published: February 2020

We report the discovery of GJ 1252 b, a planet with a radius of 1.193 ± 0.074 

and an orbital period of 0.52 days around an M3-type star (0.381 ± 0.019

, 0.391 ± 0.020

) located 20.385 ± 0.019 pc away. We use Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data, ground-based photometry and spectroscopy, Gaia astrometry, and high angular resolution imaging to show that the transit signal seen in the TESS data must originate from a transiting planet. We do so by ruling out all false-positive scenarios that attempt to explain the transit signal as originating from an eclipsing stellar binary. Precise Doppler monitoring also leads to a tentative mass measurement of 2.09 ± 0.56 M
⊕. The host star proximity, brightness (V = 12.19 mag, K = 7.92 mag), low stellar activity, and the system’s short orbital period make this planet an attractive target for detailed characterization, including precise mass measurement, looking for other objects in the system, and planet atmosphere characterization.
A Mobile Application for Early Prediction of Student Performance Using Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Nosseir Ann , Fathy Yahia
Published: February 2020

Identifying students at risk or potentials excellent students is increasingly important for higher education institutions to meet the needs of the students and develop efficient learning strategy. Early stage prediction can give an indication of the students’ performance during their study years. This helps tailoring an appropriate learning strategy for different groups.

This work develops a novel framework for a mobile app to predict the students’ performance before starting the Universities’ education. The framework is built on a University’s students data from year 2009-2017. It has three main components, namely, a neural network model that predicts the GPA, a mobile App that tests basic knowledge in different domains, and a fuzzy model that estimates the future students’ performance. 
Development of a Smartphone Application for Safe Car Driving Using Google API and Built-in Sensor
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Khai , Van Pham Thanh , Nguyen Van Dung , Thanh Do Long , Tran An-Van , Tran Duc-Tan
Published: February 2020

In the world where streets brimmed with vehicles are no longer an foreign sight, vehicle accidents come along as one of unwanted consequences. Accidents are due to many reasons, though however the reason is, most of the times it leads to damaged vehicle(s), injuries or even fatality. In this research, we present Car Safe, a smartphone application which can make phone call reception decision, text readout to prevent distraction, driving time alert and send the location of the driver upon the occurrence of a detected crash. While the Google Activity Recognition API only detects driving state approximately 89% of the time, our proposed method yields more than 93% detection.
Expression, localization and synthesis of small leucine-rich proteoglycans in developing mouse molar tooth germ
Authors: Randilini Angammana , Fujikawa Kaoru , Shibata Shunichi
Published: February 2020

The gene expression and protein synthesis of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, and lumican, was analyzed in the context of the hypothesis that they are closely related to tooth formation. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and organ culture with metabolic labeling of [35S] were carried out in mouse first molar tooth germs of different developmental stages using ICR mice at embryonic day (E) 13.5 to postnatal day (P) 7.0. At the bud and cap stage, decorin mRNA was expressed only in the surrounding mesenchyme, but not within the tooth germ. Biglycan mRNA was then expressed in the condensing mesenchyme and the dental papilla of the tooth germ. At the apposition stage (late bell stage), both decorin and biglycan mRNA were expressed in odontoblasts, resulting in a switch of the pattern of expression within the different stages of odontoblast differentiation. Decorin mRNA was expressed earlier in newly differentiating odontoblasts than biglycan. With odontoblast maturation and dentin formation, decorin mRNA expression was diminished and localized to the newly differentiating odontoblasts at the cervical region. Simultaneously, biglycan mRNA took over and extended its expression throughout the new and mature odontoblasts. Both mRNAs were expressed in the dental pulp underlying the respective odontoblasts. At P7.0, both mRNAs were weakly expressed but maintained their spatial expression patterns. Immunostaining showed that biglycan was localized in the dental papillae and pulp. In addition, all four SLRPs showed clear immunostaining in predentin, although the expressions of fibromodulin and lumican mRNAs were not identified in the tooth germs examined. The organ culture data obtained supported the histological findings that biglycan is more predominant than decorin at the apposition stage. These results were used to identify biglycan as the principal molecule among the SLRPs investigated. Our findings indicate that decorin and biglycan show spatial and temporal differential expressions and play their own tissue-specific roles in tooth development.
Understanding Policy Influences on Health and Occupation Through the Use of the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) Framework
Authors: Pitonyak Jennifer S. , Pergolotti Mackenzi , Gupta Jyothi
Published: February 2020

Life course health development (LCHD) is a framework that considers the transactional nature of risks and protective factors along the life trajectory and how this context influences health. Public policies, from health care to education to social services to labor laws, have many goals, including lessening and eliminating health disparities, yet inequities in health services and outcomes remain. Policy is a contextual factor that may be overlooked when examining influences on health and occupation. As such, the LCHD framework may assist occupational therapy practitioners in understanding the influences of policy—both successes and failures—on occupation. In this article, we introduce the principles of LCHD and use this framework to illustrate analysis of a policy example of paid family leave, demonstrating how gaps in or unintended consequences of policy may contribute to disparities in health and occupation for certain populations.
Boredom, Shanzhai, and Digitisation in the Time of Creative China
Authors: Kloet Jeroen , Chow Yiu Fai , Scheen Lena , Kloet Jeroen , Fai Chow Yiu , Scheen Lena , Wilf Eitan , Coppoolse Anneke , Cuiyan Wen , Peeren Esther , Lindner Christoph , Vermeeren Laura , Hao Li , Lo Yin Shan , Ng Kingsley , Shing Kung Chi , Fung Anthohy , Yin Yiyi , Ho Louis , Xiao Yuefan , Landsberger Stephan , Fan Feng , Nauta Arjen , Dai Dai , Chunru Deng , Keane Michael , Siyu Chen , Guohua Zeng , Liwen Deng , Parry Rowan , Fong Janet , Leung Isaac
Published: February 2020

With its emergence as a global power, China aspires to transform from made in China to created in China. Mobilised as a crucial source for solid growth and soft power, creativity has become part of the new China Dream. Boredom, Shanzhai, and Digitisation in the Time of Creative China engages with the imperative of creativity by aligning it to three interrelated phenomena: boredom, shanzhai, and digitisation. How does creativity help mitigate boredom? Does boredom incubate creativity? How do shanzhai practices and the omnipresence of fake goods challenge notions of the original and the authentic? Which spaces for expressions and contestations has China’s fast-developing digital world of Weixin, Taobao, Youku, and Internet Plus Policy opened up? Are new technologies serving old interests? Essays, dialogues, audio-visual documents, and field notes, from thinkers, researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, examine what is going on in China now, ultimately to tease out its implication to our understanding of creativity.
Two Centuries of English Language Teaching and Learning in Spain
Authors: Lombardero Caparrós Alberto
Published: February 2020

This book provides an exhaustive historical account of how the English language was taught and learnt in Spain over two centuries. Since its origins back in 1769 with the publication of San Joaquín de Pedro's 'Gramática inglesa' until 1970, a key year in European and World affairs. A period of time ample enough to accurately gauge the impact of this social phenomenon against the backdrop of social and political unrest which looms over the whole period but also with scientific breakthroughs that shaped our modern world. The history of ELT runs parallel to those events adopting diffferent mainstrem trends ranging from the Traditional or Latin-like approach to foreign language teaching to the so-called Grammar-Translation Method and the Direct or Oral Method. However, special attention is also given to 'minor' trends such as Ecclecticism which constantly overlaps the mainstream trends. This book is the first to take a close look at how the English language was taught and learnt in Spain for a two-century period when the French language was the Spaniard's first choice when it came to learning a foreign language.
Sense Knowledge and the Challenge of Italian Renaissance Art
Authors: Knox Giles
Published: February 2020

Giles Knox examines how El Greco, Velaìzquez, and Rembrandt, though a disparate group of artists, were connected by a new self-consciousness with respect to artistic tradition. In particular, Knox considers the relationship of these artists to the art of Renaissance Italy, and sets aside nationalist art histories in order to see the period as one of fruitful exchange. Across Europe during the seventeenth century, artists read Italian-inspired writings on art and these texts informed how they contemplated their practice. Knox demonstrates how these three artists engaged dynamically with these writings, incorporating or rejecting the theoretical premises to which they were exposed. Additionally, this study significantly expands our understanding of how paintings can activate the sense of touch. Knox discusses how Velaìzquez and Rembrandt, though in quite different ways, sought to conjure for viewers thoughts about touching that resonated directly with the subject matter they depicted.
Tropospheric ozone in CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Griffiths Paul T. , Murray Lee T. , Zeng Guang , Archibald Alexander T. , Emmons Louisa K. , Galbally Ian , Hassler Birgit , Horowitz Larry W. , Keeble James , Liu Jane , Moeini Omid , Naik Vaishali , O'Connor Fiona M. , Shin Youngsub Matthew , Tarasick David , Tilmes Simone , Turnock Steven T. , Wild Oliver , Young Paul J. , Zanis Prodromos
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The evolution of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2100 has been studied using data from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We evaluate long-term changes using coupled atmosphere-ocean chemistry-climate models, focusing on the CMIP historical and ScenarioMIP ssp370 experiments, for which detailed tropospheric ozone diagnostics were archived. The model ensemble has been evaluated against a suite of surface, sonde, and satellite observations of the past several decades, and found to reproduce well the salient spatial, seasonal and decadal variability and trends. The tropospheric ozone burden increases from 244 ± 30 Tg in 1850 to a mean value of 348 ± 15 Tg for the period 2005–2014, an increase of 40 %. Modelled present day values agree well with previous determinations (ACCENT: 336 ± 27 Tg; ACCMIP: 337 ± 23 Tg and TOAR: 340 ± 34 Tg). In the ssp370 experiments, the ozone burden reaches a maximum of 402 ± 36 Tg in 2090, before declining slightly to 396 ± 32 Tg by 2100. The ozone budget has been examined over the same period using lumped ozone production (PO3) and loss (LO3) diagnostics. There are large differences (30 %) between models in the preindustrial period, with the difference narrowing to 15 % in the present day. Both ozone production and chemical loss terms increase steadily over the period 1850 to 2100, with net chemical production (PO3-LO3) reaching a maximum around the year 2000. The residual term, which contains contributions from stratosphere-troposphere transport reaches a minimum around the same time, while dry deposition increases steadily across the experiment. Differences between the model residual terms are explained in terms of variation in tropopause height and stratospheric ozone burden.
Model of the propagation of very low-frequency beams in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide: principles of the tensor impedance method in multi-layered gyrotropic waveguides
Authors: Rapoport Yuriy , Grimalsky Vladimir , Fedun Viktor , Agapitov Oleksiy , Bonnell John , Grytsai Asen , Milinevsky Gennadi , Liashchuk Alex , Rozhnoi Alexander , Solovieva Maria , Gulin Andrey
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The modeling of very low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic (EM) beam propagation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide (WGEI) is considered. A new tensor impedance method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams in a multi-layered and inhomogeneous waveguide is presented. The waveguide is assumed to possess the gyrotropy and inhomogeneity with a thick cover layer placed above the waveguide. The influence of geomagnetic field inclination and carrier beam frequency on the characteristics of the polarization transformation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide is determined. The new method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams allows us to study the (i) propagation of the very low-frequency modes in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide and, in perspective, their excitation by the typical Earth–ionosphere waveguide sources, such as radio wave transmitters and lightning discharges, and (ii) leakage of Earth–ionosphere waveguide waves into the upper ionosphere and magnetosphere. The proposed approach can be applied to the variety of problems related to the analysis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered gyrotropic and anisotropic active media in a wide frequency range, e.g., from the Earth–ionosphere waveguide to the optical waveband, for artificial signal propagation such as metamaterial microwave or optical waveguides.
Evaluating two soil carbon models within a global land surface model using surface and spaceborne observations of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions
Authors: Thum Tea , Nabel Julia E. S. M. , Tsuruta Aki , Aalto Tuula , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Liski Jari , Luijkx Ingrid T. , Markkanen Tiina , Pongratz Julia , Yoshida Yukio , Zaehle Sönke
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The trajectories of soil carbon (C) in the changing climate are of utmost importance, as soil carbon is a substantial carbon storage with a large potential to impact the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) burden. Atmospheric CO2 observations integrate all processes affecting C exchange between the surface and the atmosphere. Therefore they provide a benchmark for carbon cycle models. We evaluated two distinct soil carbon models (CBALANCE and YASSO) that were implemented to a global land surface model (JSBACH) against atmospheric CO2 observations. We transported the biospheric carbon fluxes obtained by JSBACH using the atmospheric transport model TM5 to obtain atmospheric CO2. We then compared these results with surface observations from Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) stations as well as with column XCO2 retrievals from the GOSAT satellite. The seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO2 estimated by the two different soil models differed. The estimates from the CBALANCE soil model were more in line with the surface observations at low latitudes (0 N–45 N) with only 1 % bias in the seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA), whereas YASSO was underestimating the SCA in this region by 32 %. YASSO gave more realistic seasonal cycle amplitudes of CO2 at northern boreal sites (north of 45 N) with underestimation of 15 % compared to 30 % overestimation by CBALANCE. Generally, the estimates from CBALANCE were more successful in capturing the seasonal patterns and seasonal cycle amplitudes of atmospheric CO2 even though it overestimated soil carbon stocks by 225 % (compared to underestimation of 36 % by YASSO) and its predictions of the global distribution of soil carbon stocks was unrealistic. The reasons for these differences in the results are related to the different environmental drivers and their functional dependencies of these two soil carbon models. In the tropical region the YASSO model showed earlier increase in season of the heterotophic respiration since it is driven by precipitation instead of soil moisture as CBALANCE. In the temperate and boreal region the role of temperature is more dominant. There the heterotophic respiration from the YASSO model had larger annual variability, driven by air temperature, compared to the CBALANCE which is driven by soil temperature. The results underline the importance of using sub-yearly data in the development of soil carbon models when they are used in shorter than annual time scales.
Synthesis and evaluation of historical meridional heat transport from midlatitudes towards the Arctic
Authors: Liu Yang , Attema Jisk , Moat Ben , Hazeleger Wilco
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Meridional energy transport (MET), both in the atmosphere (AMET) and ocean (OMET), has significant impact on the climate in the Arctic. In this study, we quantify AMET and OMET at subpolar latitudes from six reanalysis data sets. We investigate the differences between the data sets and we check the coherence between MET and the Arctic climate variability at interannual timescales. The results indicate that, although the mean transport in all data sets agrees well, the spatial distributions and temporal variations of AMET and OMET differ substantially among the reanalysis data sets. For the ocean, only after 2007, the low-frequency signals in all reanalysis products agree well. A further comparison with observed heat transport at 26.5∘ N and the subpolar Atlantic, and a high-resolution ocean model hindcast confirms that the OMET estimated from the reanalysis data sets are consistent with the observations. For the atmosphere, the differences between ERA-Interim and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) are small, while the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) differs from them. An extended analysis of linkages between Arctic climate variability and AMET shows that atmospheric reanalyses differ substantially from each other. Among the chosen atmospheric products, ERA-Interim and JRA-55 results are most consistent with those from coupled climate models. For the ocean, the Ocean Reanalysis System 4 (ORAS4) and Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3 (SODA3) agree well on the relation between OMET and sea ice concentration (SIC), while the GLobal Ocean reanalyses and Simulations version 3 (GLORYS2V3) deviates from those data sets. The regressions of multiple fields in the Arctic on both AMET and OMET suggest that the Arctic climate is sensitive to changes of meridional energy transport at subpolar latitudes in winter. Given the good agreement on the diagnostics among assessed reanalysis products, our study suggests that the reanalysis products are useful for the evaluation of energy transport. However, assessments of products with the AMET and OMET estimated from reanalysis data sets beyond interannual timescales should be conducted with great care and the robustness of results should be evaluated through intercomparison, especially when studying variability and interactions between the Arctic and midlatitudes.
A spatially explicit database of wind disturbances in European forests over the period 2000–2018
Authors: Forzieri Giovanni , Pecchi Matteo , Girardello Marco , Mauri Achille , Klaus Marcus , Nikolov Christo , Rüetschi Marius , Gardiner Barry , Tomaštík Julián , Small David , Nistor Constantin , Jonikavicius Donatas , Spinoni Jonathan , Feyen Luc , Giannetti Francesca , Comino Rinaldo , Wolynski Alessandro , Pirotti Francesco , Maistrelli Fabio , Savulescu Ionut , Wurpillot-Lucas Stéphanie , Karlsson Stefan , Zieba-Kulawik Karolina , Strejczek-Jazwinska Paulina , Mokroš Martin , Franz Stefan , Krejci Lukas , Haidu Ionel , Nilsson Mats , Wezyk Piotr , Catani Filippo , Chen Yi-Ying , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Chirici Gherardo , Cescatti Alessandro , Beck Pieter S. A.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Strong winds may uproot and break trees and represent a major natural disturbance for European forests. Wind disturbances have intensified over the last decades globally and are expected to further
rise in view of the effects of climate change. Despite the importance of such natural disturbances, there are currently no spatially explicit databases of wind-related impact at a pan-European scale. Here, we present a new database of wind disturbances in European forests (FORWIND). FORWIND is comprised of more than 80 000 spatially delineated areas in Europe that were disturbed by wind in the period 2000–2018 and describes them in a harmonized and consistent geographical vector format. The database includes all major windstorms that occurred over the observational period (e.g. Gudrun, Kyrill, Klaus, Xynthia and Vaia) and represents approximately 30 % of the reported damaging wind events in Europe. Correlation analyses between the areas in FORWIND and land cover changes retrieved from the Landsat-based Global Forest Change dataset and the MODIS Global Disturbance Index corroborate the robustness of FORWIND. Spearman rank coefficients range between 0.27 and 0.48 (p value < 0.05). When recorded forest areas are rescaled based on their damage degree, correlation increases to 0.54. Wind-damaged growing stock volumes reported in national inventories (FORESTORM dataset) are generally higher than analogous metrics provided by FORWIND in combination with satellite-based biomass and country-scale statistics of growing stock volume. The potential of FORWIND is explored for a range of challenging topics and scientific fields, including scaling relations of wind damage, forest vulnerability modelling, remote sensing monitoring of forest disturbance, representation of uprooting and breakage of trees in large-scale land surface models, and hydrogeological risks following wind damage. Overall, FORWIND represents an essential and open-access spatial source that can be used to improve the understanding, detection and prediction of wind disturbances and the consequent impacts on forest ecosystems and the land–atmosphere system. Data sharing is encouraged in order to continuously update and improve FORWIND. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9555008
(Forzieri et al., 2019).
A dataset of tracer concentrations and meteorological observations from the Bolzano Tracer EXperiment (BTEX) to characterize pollutant dispersion processes in an Alpine valley
Authors: Falocchi Marco , Tirler Werner , Giovannini Lorenzo , Tomasi Elena , Antonacci Gianluca , Zardi Dino
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The paper describes the dataset of concentrations and related meteorological measurements collected during the field campaign of the Bolzano Tracer Experiment (BTEX).
The experiment was performed to characterize the dispersion of pollutants emitted from a waste incinerator in the basin of the city of Bolzano, in the Italian Alps.
As part of the experiment, two controlled releases of a passive gas tracer (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6) were performed through the stack of the incinerator on 14 February 2017 for two different time lags, starting, respectively, at 07:00 and 12:45 LST.
Samples of ambient air were collected at target sites with vacuum-filled glass bottles and polyvinyl fluoride bags, and they were later analyzed by means of a mass spectrometer (detectability limit 30 pptv).
Meteorological conditions were monitored by a network of 15 surface weather stations, 1 microwave temperature profiler, 1 sodar and 1 Doppler wind lidar. The dataset represents one of the few examples available in the literature concerning dispersion processes in a typical mountain valley environment, and it provides a useful benchmark for testing atmospheric dispersion models in complex terrain.
The dataset described in this paper is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898761 (Falocchi et al., 2019).
The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM2 – Evaluation of theCMIP6 DECK and historical simulations
Authors: Seland Øyvind , Bentsen Mats , Seland Graff Lise , Olivié Dirk , Toniazzo Thomas , Gjermundsen Ada , Debernard Jens Boldingh , Gupta Alok Kumar , He Yanchun , Kirkevåg Alf , Schwinger Jörg , Tjiputra Jerry , Schancke Aas Kjetil , Bethke Ingo , Fan Yuanchao , Griesfeller Jan , Grini Alf , Guo Chuncheng , Ilicak Mehmet , Hafsahl Karset Inger Helene , Landgren Oskar , Liakka Johan , Onsum Moseid Kine , Nummelin Aleksi , Spensberger Clemens , Tang Hui , Zhang Zhongshi , Heinze Christoph , Iverson Trond , Schulz Michael
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The second version of the fully coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2), but has entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models; a new module for aerosols in the atmosphere model along with aerosol-radiation-cloud interactions and changes related to the moist energy formulation, deep convection scheme and angular momentum conservation; modified albedo and air-sea turbulent flux calculations; and minor changes to land and sea ice models. We show results from low (∼2°) and medium (∼1°) atmosphere-land resolution versions of NorESM2 that have both been used to carry out simulations for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sensitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO2 is assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. As compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 is less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150 year frame. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, the warming in the period 2090–2099 compared to 1850–1879 reaches 1.3, 2.2, 3.0, and 3.9 K in NorESM2-LM, and 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, and 3.9 K in NorESM–MM, robustly similar in both resolutions. NorESM2-LM shows a rather satisfactorily evolution of recent sea ice area. In NorESM2-LM an ice free Arctic Ocean is only avoided in the SSP1-2.6 scenario.
BRIDGE PAVEMENT CRACK DETECTION UNDER UNEVEN ILLUMINATION USING IMPROVED PCNN ALGORITHM
Authors: Su S. L. , Gong T.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. For bridge pavement cracks under uneven illumination, the existing image segmentation algorithm does not remove this effect, and the segmentation effect is affected. In this paper, the image preprocessing consists of two parts: the process of removing uneven illumination and image noise, and the traditional bilateral filtering is improved based on the stationary wavelet algorithm (Cross-bilateral filtering). In the image segmentation part, the traditional PCNN (Pulse Coupled Neural Network) model parameters and the number of iterations are difficult to determine reasonably, and the use of a certain complexity makes it difficult to automate. This paper combined the synaptic integration characteristics of neurons, image gray and spatial features, to simplify PCNN model. The improved PCNN algorithm (SPCNN) based on the gray threshold of Markov network directly completes the segmentation without the need to manually set parameters and determine the optimal number of iterations. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the following three conclusions were drawn. (1) Compared with the histogram equalization, the enhancement algorithm of this paper removed the influence of illumination well and had advantages for the subsequent segmentation processing. (2)The cross-bilateral filtering algorithm could improve the image signal-to- noise ratio from 18.855 to 32.037, which was better than the original bilateral filtering algorithm. (3) The average segmentation accuracy rate of segmentation of SPCNN algorithm was more that 90%. Compared with the traditional PCNN method, this method is better in subjective visual effects and objective segmentation performance, less time consuming.
ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF PM2.5 CONCENTRATION IN GUILIN CITY
Authors: Zhou Z. H. , Xie S. F. , Li G. H. , Zhao Y. , Zhang W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric particulate matter is one of the most harmful pollutants in the atmospheric environment, and has an important impact on climate change, reduced visibility, environmental hazards (such as acid rain, smoke) and health hazards. PM2.5 is the main factor causing haze weather, reducing visibility and affecting traffic safety. PM2.5 enters the alveoli through the respiratory tract and endangers human health. The basic characteristics of PM2.5 are small size, light weight, long residence time in the atmosphere, and can be transported to a long distance by the atmospheric circulation, causing a wide range of air pollution.In 2018, the proportion of days with excellent and good air quality in Guilin City in January and February was 71.2%, ranking 10th among the 14 cities in the Guangxi Autonomous Region. As a famous tourist city, its air quality should be paid more attention. The main air pollutant in Guilin City is PM2.5, which refers to fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less in the air, it has great harm to human health and reduces the visibility of the atmosphere. Air quality data, meteorological data, and GPS tropospheric delay data (ZTD: zenith tropospheric delay) were collected to calculate the correlation between PM2.5 concentration and influencing factors by the gray correlation model, and the relationship between the main influencing factors and the variation characteristics of PM2.5 concentration was analyzed. The result shows that PM2.5 has strong correlation with other air pollutants SO2, NO2, wind direction, relative humidity, ZTD, temperature and wind speed; moderately correlated with rainfall and pressure. The degree of gray correlation between the impact factor and PM2.5 varies with the seasons.Based on this research and analysis, air quality pollutants and meteorological factors are used as input factors and the concentration of PM2.5 values as the output factor of the neural network model. The model is trained by training sample data to establish a neural network model to predict the concentration value of PM2.5 in Guilin. The accuracy of the model is verified by the accuracy index. The summer neural network model has the best precision. The MAE is 4.51 μg/m3, the RMSE is 5.73 μg/m3, and the MRE is 15.1%. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the measured value reaches 0.908. It shows that the neural network model based on meteorological factors and ZTD has a good predictive effect and has certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of air pollution in Guilin.
A REFINING METHOD OF NON-LINEAR REGIONAL TM MODEL BASED ON RANDOM FOREST
Authors: Wan Q. T. , Liu L. L. , Huang L. K. , Zhou W. , Yang Y. Z. , Chen Z. X.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a critical parameters in GNSS technology to retrieve precipitable water vaper (PWV). By obtaining high-precision Tm, it can provide an important reference data source for regional strong convective weather and large-scale climate anomalies. The high-precision Tm of most areas can be obtained by using the BEVIS model and the surface temperature (Ts). The eastern coastal areas of China are affected by the monsoon climate, which makes the applicability of the method in this area to be improved. The research shows that the Tm which calculated by Fourier series analysis (FTm model) has better applicability in the region than the BEVIS model. However, the method has a single modeling factor, and the precision improvement effect in some area is not obvious. By using the observation data of 13 radiosonde stations in the eastern coastal areas of China from 2010 to 2015. Tm which calculated by numerical integration is used as the reference of the true value. Four of the observation data are selected by the method of random forest (RF). The eigenvalues include the pressure、surface temperature、water vapor pressure and specific humidity are used as input factors. The prediction corrections are added to the deviation of FTm model, and a new Tm is applied to the eastern coast of China which called RFF Tm. Taking the observation data from 2010 to 2014 as the training database, the research area is divided into three areas from south to north according to the latitude. The prediction results of different time scales are studied by the clamping criterion, and then the prediction of random forest is discussed. The correction effect is adaptable in the eastern coast areas of China. The results show that: (1) The RFF Tm model refinement method based on random forest has better adaptability in eastern coastal areas of China, and the applicability of first area is more stable with the prediction time scale than the FTm model. (2) On the time scale with a forecast period of one year, MAE and RMS are 4.7 and 4.6 in third area, 3.2 and 3.8 in second area, and 2.6 and 2.5 in first area. (3) The improvement effect of random forests in the eastern coastal areas of China gradually increases with the prediction period becoming shorter. The predicted deviation values of the eastern coast areas of China reach a steady state when the period is one month. The correction deviations is within 1.5K. The correction range of the third area is better than the second area and first area, which makes up for the shortcomings of the FTm model with low precision in the region. It can be used as a new multi-factor prediction and correction Tm model for GNSS remote sensing water vapor in the eastern coastal areas of China.
RESEARCH ON CORS (CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING REFERENCE STATION) SYSTEM-BASED REGIONAL WATER VAPOR RETRIEVAL IN GUILIN
Authors: Zhou C. L. , Yang Y. F. , Yao M. H. , Zhong X. Y. , Liao C. M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This paper was aimed at analyzing and verifying each of the parameter settings in the computing process of GAMIT. The optimum number of introduced auxiliary station was determined, and models for the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere in Guilin were established. Under the underlying strategy of introducing all the respective most optimum criteria, the precipitable water vapor (PWV) was first calculated by using the data provided by the CORS base station in Guilin, before analyzing and comparing it with the PWV and actual precipitation obtained from the sounding data. According to the result, a high degree of coincidence was discovered among the general trend of the following three indicators: the calculated PWV, as well as the PWV and actual precipitation acquired using the sounding data, hence offering a significant value for reference in terms of extreme weather warning.
A RESEARCH ON QUALITY EVALUATION METHOD FOR THEMATIC MONITORING RESULTS
Authors: Chen C. X. , Zhang J. X. , Zhao H. T. , Li C. , Zhao Y.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The geographical condition is a very important component of a country's national condition, and geographical conditions monitoring (GCM) has been a great concern to the Chinese government. In accordance with application areas, GCM can be divided into fundamental monitoring, thematic monitoring, and disaster monitoring. Thematic monitoring is a special type of designated subject monitoring that concerns the public or the government. This paper mainly discusses the quality evaluating method of thematic monitoring results (TMRs). Based on analysis, referring to GB/T 24356-2009 “Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Surveying and Mapping Achievements”, TMRs data Including monitoring data results, analysis and evaluation results, map results and monitoring report results. The operability of the quality evaluation model is illustrated by a case study of the quality inspection of urban geographic national condition monitoring.
Computational analysis of intermolecular Diels–Alder reactions of methyl 2-(methyl(phenyl)carbamoyl)acrylate with cyclic dienes
Authors: Sizemore Nicholas , Heil Elysia
Published: February 2020

abstract

The synthetic method recently established by Spivey and co-workers describes the intermolecular Diels–Alder reactions between α-aminoacrylate(s) dienophiles and cyclic dienes. These reactions gave stereoisomeric mixtures of endo and exo products. A computational study was undertaken in an effort to identify a method of analysis that would yield results similar to those of the synthetic experiments. Starting materials, transition state estimates, and products were subjected to conformational analysis (MMFF) using the Spartan molecular modeling program (Spartan’16). The low-energy conformations produced for each molecule were subjected to density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP 6-31+G(d) level of theory using the Gaussian09 program. The results of this computational study are described. These calculations provide information about molecular geometry and energy values of the reaction that will be compared with the experimental results in an effort to verify whether computational analysis supports the stereoselectivity observed in physical experimentation.