bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Tumour Activity Following Oral And Intravenous Delivery of Doxorubicin In A Xenograft Model of Breast Tumour
Authors: Rehan Farah , Karim Md. Emranul , Ahemad Nafees , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq , Gupta Manish , Gan Siew Hua , Chowdhury Ezharul Hoque
Published: August 2021

Extensive studies have been conducted on natural materials due to their unique and biodegradable properties for oral drug delivery. In the current research, we fabricated sodium caseinate nanomicelles (NaCNs) using casein as a natural polymer to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system. NaCNs was explored to improve the therapeutic potential of Doxorubicin (DOX) with reduced toxicity in healthy organs. The synthesized and thoroughly characterized DOX-loaded NaCNs were subjected to in vivo anti-tumour evaluation and bio-distribution analysis in a 4T1-induced breast cancer model. Our findings indicated an almost eight-fold reduction in tumour size in the group orally treated with DOX-NaCNs when compared to free DOX. It is plausible that the enhanced anti-tumour effects of oral DOX-NaCNs is related to the controlled release of DOX from the delivery system as well as the longer circulatory time of the drug in the blood, as confirmed by the bio-distribution study, when compared with free DOX and the intravenous formulation of DOX-NaCNs. Additionally, the tumour drug accumulation for the orally administered DOX-NaCNs was 1.27- and 6.8-fold higher than that of the intravenously administered DOX-NaCNs and free DOX, respectively and overall, was 8.34-times higher than the orally administered free DOX. In comparison, the orally administered DOX-NaCNs showed significant reduction in tumour size (5.66 ± 4.36mm3) after the two doses as compared to intravenously administered DOX-NaCNs (10.29 ± 4.86 mm3) on day 17 of the experimental period. Moreover, NaCNs were well tolerated in the mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg in an acute oral toxicity study. Moreover, no significant change in the body weight was observed after treatment with the single dose of NaCNs when compared to the control group. Thus, NaCNs emerge as a safe and non-toxic delivery system with excellent bio-distribution profile and high anti-tumour effects that present as a potential option for oral chemotherapy.
MRI-based Radiomics and ADC Values Are Related to Recurrence of Endometrial Carcinoma：A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Zhang Kaiyue , Zhang Yu , Fang Xin , Dong Jiangning , Qian Liting
Published: August 2021

Background: To identify predictive value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics for all recurrences in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).Methods: One hundred and seventy-four EC patients who were treated with operation and followed up in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline clinicopathological features and ADC values were analyzed. Radiomic parameters were extracted on T2 weighted imaging and screened by logistic regression, and then a radiomics signature was developed to calculate the radiomic score (radscore). Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed and a Cox regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between clinicopathological features, ADC values and radiology with recurrence.Results: ADC values showed inverse correlation with recurrence, while radscore was positively associated with recurrence. In univariate analyses, FIGO stage, pathological types, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), ADC value and radscore were associated with recurrence. In multivariate Cox analysis, pathological types, ADC and radscore were independent risk factors for recurrence.Conclusions: ADC value and radscore were independent predictors of recurrence of EC, which can supplement prognostic information in addition to clinicopathological information and provide basis for individualized treatment and follow-up plan.
Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nimiya Hiro , Ikeda Tatsunori , Tsuji Takeshi
Published: August 2021

Seismic ambient noise with frequencies > 1 Hz includes noise related to human activities. A reduction in seismic noise during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed worldwide, as restrictions were imposed to control outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, we studied the effect of changes in anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 on the seismic noise levels in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, considering time of day, day of the week, and seasonal changes. The results showed the largest reduction in noise levels during the first state of emergency under most conditions. After the first state of emergency was lifted, the daytime noise reverted to previous levels immediately on weekdays and gradually on Sundays. This was likely because economic activities instantly resumed, while non-essential outings on Sundays were still mostly avoided. Furthermore, the daytime noise level on Sundays was strongly reduced regardless of changes on weekdays after the second state of emergency, which restricted activities mainly at night. Sunday noise levels gradually increased from the middle of the second state of emergency, suggesting a gradual reduction in public concern about COVID-19 following a decrease in the number of infections. Our findings demonstrate that seismic noise can be used to monitor social activities.
Epidemiology of Apnea in Preterm Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children Hospital in Kabul City: An Analytic Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Aslamzai Mansoor , Faizi Omid , Hamidi Mohammad Farouq
Published: August 2021

Background: Prematurity is one of the leading causes of neonatal death in Afghanistan and complicates a lot of serious problems including apnea. Although recurrent and prolong apnea may be directly or indirectly associated with significant adverse outcomes, there isn’t enough scientific information regarding the incidence and pattern of this problem in Afghanistan, therefore, this study is performed to obtain such information. Objective: To find the incidence rate and pattern of apnea in premature neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children Hospital, Kabul City.Method: This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children Hospital in Kabul city, Afghanistan. All the preterm babies admitted during the study period were included in this research. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20. Results: A total of 75 preterm newborns were enrolled in this study and the apnea attacks were developed in 48% of them. Extremely low birth weight preterm neonates had a 71.4% incidence rate of apnea, while in very low birth weight and low birth weight the rates were 47.4% and 36.4% respectively. Based on gestational age, the incidence rates of apnea in the early and moderate preterm neonates were 55.6% and 52.8% respectively, whilst also in late preterm neonates it was 42.8%. The apnea appeared more prevalent in boys (54.3%) than girls (45.7%). The median ages for the onset and duration of apnea were 2 and 6 days respectively. The preterm neonates in the apnea group versus the non-apnea group had the mean birth weight of (1233.33±235.25g vs 1333.46 ±274.44g, 90%CI= -198 _ -1.4) and mean maternal age of (24.78±3.68y vs 26.62 ±4.58y ,90%CI= -3.44_-0.23). Conclusion: The overall incidence rate of apnea in preterm neonates was 48% and the highest rates were seen within extremely low birth weight and early preterm neonates. In most cases, the apnea has commenced on the second day of life and has lasted for six days. The lower neonatal birth weight and young maternal age were found to be the risk factors of apnea in preterm neonates.
Addressing Molybdenite187 Re Parent- 187 Os Daughter Intra-Crystalline Decoupling In Light of Recent In-Situ Micro-Scale Observations
Authors: Zimmerman Aaron , Yang Gang , Stein Holly J. , Hannah Judith L.
Published: August 2021

Every so often, an analytical advancement or challenging geological occurrence necessitates re-evaluation of well-established geochronological methods. Rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) dating of sulfide minerals, especially molybdenite, by isotope dilution-negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-NTIMS) yields demonstrably accurate, robust ages. Difficulty in determining an age is caused by either 1) geological complexity including intra-crystalline heterogeneity or 2) inadequate analytical capabilities. Established, systematic methods overcome most of these difficulties, with exceptions. With respect to molybdenite, geological complexity is encountered as macro-scale polyphase overgrowths. Micro-scale complexity is observed as primary Re oscillatory zoning and secondary intra-granular 187Re parent-187Os daughter decoupling. Macro- and micro-scale geologic heterogeneities are overcome by systematic, targeted sampling protocols built upon careful hand sample and microscopic observations linking molybdenite crystallization to the host rock's geologic history.Advances in instrumentation permit more accurate and precise determination of elemental and isotopic compositions at the micro-scale, which ultimately reveals geological complexity and heterogeneity. Yet, newly produced high-resolution data must be carefully scrutinized and interpreted correctly. Two new micro-scale analytical techniques have been proposed: (1) to use NanoSIMS imaging to reveal heterogeneities that could preclude micro-scale geochronology (spot dating) methods, and (2) enable micro-scale geochronology using LA-ICP-MS/MS to distinguish the interfering masses of parent Re and daughter Os isotopes. We turn first to NIST Reference Material 8599, Henderson molybdenite, to compare its Re-Os characteristics and ID-NTIMS results with the newly published Re-Os molybdenite data. We identify the "best possible results" by quantifying the homogeneity of the NIST molybdenite, including model age variability, precision of ID-NTIMS analyses, and statistical treatment. Subsequently, we examine the limitations of the two newly proposed methods. We demonstrate that parent-daughter decoupling cannot be precluded by visual inspection of NanoSIMS isotopic maps. In addition, we prove mathematically that the quantifying the contribution of 187Os to the total measured mass 187 by LA-ICP-MS/MS is far too imprecise to achieve high-precision geochronology. Statistical data treatment and reporting can also result in misguided conclusions and applications.
Mammal Extinction Facilitated Biome Shift and Human Population Change During the Last Glacial Termination in East-Central EuropeEnikő
Authors: Magyari Enikő , Gasparik Mihály , Major István , Lengyel György , Pál Ilona , Virág Attila , Korponai János , Szabó Zoltán , Pazonyi Piroska
Published: August 2021

Studying local extinction times, associated environmental and human population changes during the last glacial termination provides insights into the causes of mega- and microfauna extinctions. In East-Central (EC) Europe, Palaeolithic human groups were present throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM), but disappeared suddenly around 15 200 cal yr BP. In this study we use radiocarbon dated cave sediment profiles and a large set of direct AMS 14C dates on mammal bones to determine local extinction times that are compared with the Epigravettian population decline, quantitative climate models, pollen and plant macrofossil inferred climate and biome reconstructions and coprophilous fungi derived total megafauna change for EC Europe. Our results suggest that the population size of large herbivores decreased in the area after 17 700 cal yr BP, when temperate tree abundance and warm continental steppe cover both increased in the lowlands Boreal forest expansion took place around 16 200 cal yr BP. Cave sediments show the decline of tundra associated narrow-headed vole and arctic lemming populations at the same time and the expansion of steppic common vole. We found the last dated appearance of arctic lemming at ~ 16 640, narrow-headed vole at ~ 13 340, and estimated the last appearance of woolly mammoth at 12 690 − 16 150 (median: 15 210) and reindeer at 8300 − 14 480 cal yr BP (median: 12 550) using the PHASE model in OxCal. The population decline of the large herbivore fauna slightly preceded the terrestrial vegetation change and likely facilitated it via restricted grazing and the accumulation of plant biomass. Furthermore, we conclude that the Late Epigravettian population had high prey-fidelity; they left the basin when these mammals vanished.
Magnetically-Targeted Nanoparticle-Guided M2 Macrophage Polarization For Fracture Healing Promotion
Authors: Zhou Wu , Lin Ze , Xiong Yuan , Xue Hang , Song Wen , Yu Tao , Chen Lang , Hu Yiqiang , Panayi Adriana C. , Sun Yun , Cao Faqi , Liu Guodong , Hu Liangcong , Yan Chenchen , Xie Xudong , Qiu Wenxiu , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui
Published: August 2021

Background: Macrophages are essential for fracture healing, acting mainly through remodeling of the extracellular matrix and promotion of angiogenesis. The role of macrophages in regulating osteogenic differentiation, particularly that of the M2 phenotype, is increasingly researched. Baicalein (BCL) had also been shown to have pro-fracture-healing effects.Results: In this study, we developed mesoporous silica and Fe3O4 composite-targeted nanoparticles loaded with BCL (BCL@MMSNPs-SS-CD-NW), that could be magnetically delivered to the fracture site. These induced macrophage recruitment in a targeted manner, polarizing them towards the M2 phenotype, and thereby inducing MSCs towards osteoblastic differentiation. The mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared with surface sulfhydrylation and amination modification, and the mesoporous channels were blocked with β-cyclodextrin. The outer layer of the mesoporous silicon was added with an amantane-modified NW targeting peptide to obtain the targeted nano-system. After entering macrophages, BCL could be released from nanoparticles since the disulfide linker could be cleaved by intracellular glutathione (GSH) resulting in the removing of CD gatekeeper, which is a key element in the pro-bone-remodeling functions, such as anti-inflammation and induction of M2 macrophage polarization to facilitate osteogenic differentiation.Conclusions: This nano-system passively accumulated in the fracture site, promoting osteogenic differentiation activities, highlighting a potent therapeutic benefit with high biosafety.
Impact of RNF213 Founder Polymorphism (p.R4810K) on the Postoperative Development of Indirect Pial Synangiosis After Direct/indirect Combined Revascularization Surgery for Adult Moyamoya Disease.
Authors: Ito Masaki , Kawabori Masahito , Sugiyama Taku , Tokairin Kikutaro , Tatezawa Ryota , Uchino Haruto , Kazumata Ken , Houkin Kiyohiro , Fujimura Miki
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDirect superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis combined with indirect pial synangiosis provides favorable surgical collaterals for Moyamoya disease (MMD), especially in adults; however, factors leading to the development of each direct and indirect collateral are not well documented.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between RNF213 founder polymorphism (p.R4810K) and each direct and indirect collateral development.MethodsBy qualitative and quantitative evaluations of direct and indirect surgical collaterals using time-of-flight MR angiography, postoperative development of each type of bypass was evaluated independently into two categories. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to study the contributing factors for the development of each surgical collateral.ResultsExcellent development of postoperative direct and indirect bypass was observed in 65 hemispheres (70%) by qualitative evaluation, which was confirmed by quantitative evaluation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of excellent indirect bypass development revealed a significant positive correlation with the p.R4810K (odds ratio, OR4.0; 95%-confidence interval, CI 1.2-16), advanced MR angiographic stage (OR9.5; 95%CI 1.7-73), and preoperative middle meningeal artery caliber (OR6.8; 95%CI 1.8-35), but a significant negative correlation was found with the excellent direct bypass development (OR0.17; 95%CI 0.03-0.75). No significant correlation was observed between excellent direct bypass development and the p.R4810K (OR0.95; 95%CI 0.37-2.4).Conclusion﻿Excellent development of indirect collaterals after STA-MCA anastomosis combined with indirect pial synangiosis occurs more frequently in adult MMD with the RNF213 founder polymorphism, suggesting a role of the p.R4810K variant for marked in-growth of indirect collaterals and the utility of preoperative genetic analysis.
Multi-Dimension Tool Wear State Assessment Criterion on the Spiral Edge of Milling Cutter
Authors: Tian Ying , Yang Liming
Published: August 2021

In the assessment of the tool wear state for the spiral edge of milling cutter based on machine vision, the traditional assessment criterion is often inaccurate due to the problem of information missing or incomplete especially near the tip area. In order to deal with this problem, different lighting-condition setting and additional non-image information compensation techniques are needed . In view of this, an integration tool wear detection method combined line laser edge detection and machine vision is proposed. Subsequently, the combined data acquirement experimental system is designed and built, which can simultaneously acquires two types of parameters: diameter and images under the same detection condition. Then, based on the above information, a multi-dimension series assessment criterion is proposed consisting of three dimensions index: The one-dimensional assessment index gives the average wear value of the spiral side, which mainly used as data ordination and characterizes the rule of tool wear degradation; the two-dimensional assessment index describes the contour of the wear region and calculates the area value, which can predict the change of the tool wear stage more precisely; the three-dimensional assessment index gives the 3D morphology by adding depth information within the wear region and quantified the volume of the worn-off part, which provides clues for early warning of the deterioration caused by the tool worn. Experiments proved that the multi-dimension series assessment criterion is helpful to reflect the trend of tool life and give a more accurate assessment of the tool wear state for the spiral edge of milling cutter.
Carcass Traits and Fat Quality of Breeding Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) in Northern Japan
Authors: Koshiishi Yuichi , Murata-Okubo Michiko , Nakajyo Hinami , Machida Rikimaru , Yamamoto Taiga , Myoda Takao , Kameyama Yuichi , Hirayama Hiroki , Souma Kousaku , Yokohama Michinari , Wada Kenta
Published: August 2021

Characterisation of carcass traits and fat quality is important to effectively produce and genetically improve emus. We investigated carcass traits in 309 emus. The meat production of female emus showed a significantly higher value than that of males (P < 0.01). The fat weight of male (9.232 ± 3.156 kg) was larger than that of the female (7.772 ± 2.697 kg). The fat rate was strongly correlated to body weight (r = 0.79 and r = 0.75 in male and female, respectively). The fat melting points of females and males were 19.19 ± 3.39°C and 19.39 ± 3.39°C, respectively, without significant difference. Since the fat melting point did not correlate to body and fat weights, we predicted that it was an independent trait from body growth and was highly influenced by genetic elements. Percentages of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids were 22.27 ± 3.50 %, 9.37 ± 1.90 %, 54.11 ± 5.17 %, 13.54 ± 7.80 % and 0.71 ± 0.59 %, respectively. Among them, linoleic acid contents showed a wide individual difference (range 0.3–19.9 %). The oleic/stearic acid ratio showed a negative correlation to the fat melting point. These results suggest that the fat melting point may be used as a useful marker for the simple evaluation of oil quality.
Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, Sleep, and Mental Health of Japanese Young Children: A Longitudinal Study Pre- and During-COVID-19
Authors: Kim Hyunshik , Ma Jiameng , Lee Sunkyoung , Gu Ying
Published: August 2021

Specialized guidelines are required for the health behaviors of vulnerable populations such as children. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, wherein major lifestyle changes have occurred, especially among young children. The present study aims to use longitudinal data to understand changes in the physical activity, screen time, sleep, and mental health of preschool-aged children in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to pre-pandemic periods. Subjective and objective measures were used to assess the variables of interest longitudinally. It was found that physical activity, adherence to WHO-recommended screen time, and prosocial behaviors decreased significantly. On the other hand, sedentary time and hyperactivity increased. Our results are consistent with findings from other countries. The implications with respect to outdoor playtime, screen-time in the context of online learning during the pandemic, and the effects of parents’ mental health on preschool-aged children are discussed.
The Value of Social Interactions and Incentives on the Use of a Digital Contact Tracing Tool Post COVID-19 Lockdown in Singapore
Authors: Huang Zhilian , Guo Huiling , Lim Hannah YeeFen , Ho Kia Nam , Tay Evonne , Chow Angela
Published: August 2021

BackgroundWe assessed the preferences and trade-offs for social interactions, incentives, and being traced by a digital contact tracing (DCT) tool post lockdown in Singapore.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among visitors of a large public hospital in Singapore between July 2020 – February 2021. Respondents were sampled proportionately by gender and four age categories (21 – 80 years). The DCE questionnaire had three attributes (1. Social interactions, 2. Being traced by a DCT tool, 3. Incentives to use a DCT tool) and two levels each. The final dataset comprised 3839 respondents after dropping 53 with “irrational” responses. Panel fixed conditional logit model was used to analyze the data.ResultsRespondents were more willing to trade being traced by a DCT tool for social interactions than incentives and unwilling to trade social interactions for incentives. The proportion of respondents preferring no incentives and could only be influenced by their family members increases with age. Among proponents of monetary incentives, the preferred median value for a month’s usage of DCT tools amounted to S$10 (USD7.25) and S$50 (USD36.20) for subsidies and lucky draw.ConclusionsDCE can be used to elicit profile-specific preferences to optimize the uptake of DCT tools during a pandemic. Social interactions are highly valued by the population, who are willing to trade them for being traced by a DCT tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a small amount of incentive is sufficient to increase the satisfaction of using a DCT tool, incentives alone may not increase DCT tool uptake.
Human Endothelial Cells And Fibroblasts Express And Produce The Coagulation Proteins Necessary For Thrombin Generation
Authors: Cohen Clay , Turner Nancy , Moake Joel
Published: August 2021

In a previous study, we reported that human endothelial cells (ECs) express and produce their own coagulation factors (F) that can activate cell surface FX without the additions of external proteins or phospholipids. We now describe experiments that detail the expression and production in ECs and fibroblasts of the clotting proteins necessary for formation of active prothrombinase (FV-FX) complexes to produce thrombin on EC and fibroblast surfaces. EC and fibroblast thrombin generation was identified by measuring: thrombin activity; thrombin-antithrombin complexes; and the prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PF1.2), which is produced by the prothrombinase cleavage of prothrombin (FII) to thrombin. In ECs, the prothrombinase complex uses surface-attached FV and g-carboxyl-glutamate residues of FX and FII to attach to EC surfaces. FV is also on fibroblast surfaces; however, lower fibroblast expression of the gene for γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) results in production of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins (FII and FX) with reduced surface binding. This is evident by the minimal surface binding of PF1.2, following FII activation, of fibroblasts compared to ECs. We conclude that human ECs and fibroblasts both generate thrombin without exogenous addition of coagulation proteins or phospholipids. The two cell types assemble distinct forms of prothrombinase to generate thrombin.
Fusing Multi-Modal Char-Level Embeddings for Chinese Sentence Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Caihuan , Zhang Yongxin , Ma Youzhong
Published: August 2021

Chinese characters are one of the logographic writing systems. There is some association between semantics and structures, shape, phonetic information of Chinese characters. In this work, multi-modal Chinese character-level embeddings are extracted, including visual features, pre-trained embeddings, shapes, and phonetic information. These embedding sequences of Chinese sentences are first fed into individual Bi-LSTM networks to capture context features, and then fused into one vector for sentiment analysis. Experimental results validate that multi-modal character-level can contribute to Chinese sentence sentiment classification. And its effect on the result is analyzed by modal features ablation test.
Genome Editing in Filamentous Fungus Penicillium Verruculosum Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Kislitsin Valeriy , Chulkin Andrey , Zorov Ivan , Denisenko Yuri , Sinitsyn Arkadiy Sinitsyn , Rozhkova Alexandra
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo adapt CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method for use in filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum, which is industrial producer of carbohydrases. ResultsFor the first time the CRISPR/Cas9 method was adapted for genome editing in the filamentous fungi Penicillium verrucullosum. Using the nitrate reductase gene (niaD) as a selective marker with the CRISPR/Cas9 system we performed double knockout of niaD and cellobiohydrolase 1 (cbh1) genes. The efficiency of double editing was 50%. At the same time, it was unexpected that the specific cellobiohydrolase activity rised after knockout of cbh1 gene due to the increase CBH2 expression. ConclusionWe developed effective method for genome editing in P. verruculosum, which can be used to improve qualities of industrial strains.
A CYC-RAD-DIV-DRIF interaction likely pre-dates the origin of floral monosymmetry in Lamiales
Authors: Sengupta Aniket , Hileman Lena C.
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAn outstanding question in evolutionary biology is how genetic interactions defining novel traits evolve. They may evolve either by de novo assembly of previously non-interacting genes or by en bloc co-option of interactions from other functions. We tested these hypotheses in the context of a novel phenotype—Lamiales flower monosymmetry—defined by a developmental program that relies on regulatory interaction among CYCLOIDEA , RADIALIS , DIVARICATA , and DRIF gene products. In Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), representing Lamiales, we tested whether components of this program likely function beyond their previously known role in petal and stamen development. In Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), representing Solanales which diverged from Lamiales before the origin of Lamiales floral monosymmetry, we additionally tested for regulatory interactions in this program. ResultsWe found that RADIALIS , DIVARICATA , and DRIF are expressed in snapdragon ovaries and developing fruit, similar to their homologs during tomato fruit development. Additionally, we found that a tomato CYCLOIDEA ortholog positively regulates a tomato RADIALIS ortholog. ConclusionOur results provide preliminary support to the hypothesis that the developmental program defining floral monosymmetry in Lamiales was co-opted en bloc from a function in carpel development. This expands our understanding of novel trait evolution facilitated by co-option of existing regulatory interactions.
Respiratory and intramuscular immunization with ChAdOx2 NPM1-NA induces distinct
immune responses in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs
Authors: Vatzia Eleni , Allen Elizabeth , Manjegowda Tanuja , Morris Susan , McNee Adam , Martini Veronica , Kaliath Reshma , Ulaszewska Marta , Boyd Amy , Pauday Basu , Carr B Veronica , Chrun Tiphany , Maze Emmanuel , MacLoughlin Ronan , Diemen Pauline van , Everett Helen , Lambe Teresa , Gilbert Sarah , Tchilian Elma
Published: August 2021

There is a critical need to develop superior influenza vaccines that provide broader protection.
Influenza vaccines are traditionally tested in naïve animals, although humans are exposed to
influenza in the first years of their lives, but the impact of prior influenza exposure on vaccine
induced immune responses has not been well studied. Pigs are an important natural host for
influenza, are a source of pandemic viruses, and are an excellent model for human influenza.
Here we investigated the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx2 viral vectored vaccine, expressing
influenza nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1 and neuraminidase in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs.
We evaluated the importance of route of administration by comparing intra-nasal, aerosol and
intra-muscular immunizations. Aerosol delivery boosted the local lung T cell and antibody
responses, while intra-muscular immunization boosted systemic immunity. These results will
inform how best to deliver vaccines in order to harness optimal protective immunity.
Whole-Exome Sequencing of Esophageal Submucosal Gland Duct Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Qin Bo , Wang Beibei , Liu Kehan , Hu Xiao , Chen Bing , Yao Xiaohan , Ma Yihui , Wang Zhengyang
Published: August 2021

Purpose Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenocarcinoma (ESGDAC) is an extremely rare histological variant of esophageal epithelial malignant tumors. To date, only few cases of ESGDAC have been reported. No comprehensive molecular analysis of ESGDAC has been conducted. This study focusses on the whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify somatically acquired mutations and signatures of somatic mutations in ESGDAC. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 3 ESGDAC genomes.Results In this study, we summarized the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of patients with ESGDAC, we first performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to summarize WES coverage statistics for each patient. We also examined cancer predisposition genes, ESGDAC-associated driver genes, and significantly mutated genes (SMGs). WES revealed TP53 as a SMG in ESGDAC. Conclusion We studied the tumor mutation profiling for the development of future targeted therapies for ESGDAC.
Temperature Dependent On Activated Carbon For Their Biological Activity And Photocatalytical Degradation of Methylene Blue: A Novel Approach To Green Synthesis
Authors: Amalanathan.M  , Aravind.M  , Mary.M Sony Michael , Alshgari Razan A. , Alothman Asma A. , Zahrani Rahaf S. AL , Islam Mohammad Ataul
Published: August 2021

In this work, jasmine flower derived activated carbon were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization process at the different annealing temperature. The Crystallinity, phase, structural, morphological and optical properties of activated carbon were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. The graphitic phase of carbon was obtained from the XRD pattern. Surface morphology reveals irregular-shaped nanoparticles. The photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was carried out under the visible light irradiation technique to study its photocatalytic activity. The activated carbon obtained at 400oC, 500oC and 600oC shows a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 86%, 90%, and 94%, respectively. Antibacterial activity of activated carbon was examined against S. Aureus (MTCC-737) and E-Coli (MTCC- 443) microbial pathogens, and their potent antibacterial activity was examined from the zone of inhibition layer.
Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells for High-Throughput Screening in a 96-Well Plate Format: Protocol Optimisation and Application for Neurite Outgrowth Assays
Authors: Dravid Anusha , Raos Brad , Svirskis Darren , O’Carroll Simon J
Published: August 2021

Neuronal models are a crucial tool in neuroscientific research, helping to elucidate the molecular and cellular processes involved in disorders of the nervous system. Adapting these models to a high-throughput format enables simultaneous screening of multiple agents within a single assay. SH-SY5Y cells have been widely used as a neuronal model, yet commonly in an undifferentiated state that is not representative of mature neurons. Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cells is a necessary step to obtain cells that express mature neuronal markers. Despite this understanding, the absence of a standardised protocol has limited the use of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells in high-throughput assay formats. Here, we describe a protocol to differentiate and re-plate SH-SY5Y cells within a 96-well plate for high-throughput screening. SH-SY5Y cells seeded at an initial density of 2,500 cells/well in a 96-well plate provide sufficient space for neurites to extend, without impacting cell viability. Room temperature pre-incubation for 1 hour improved the plating homogeneity within the well and the ability to analyse neurites. We then demonstrated the efficacy of this protocol by optimising it further for neurite outgrowth analysis. The presented protocol achieves homogenously distributed differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, useful for researchers using these cells in high-throughput screening assays.
Low-concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells
Authors: Xiong Kuankuan , Tan Lei , Yi Siliang , Wu Yingxin , Hu Yi , Wang Aibing , Yang Lingchen
Published: August 2021

Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM) T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV was significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibited PRV replication and led to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of by the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.
Safety And Efficacy of ICIs Plus Anlotinib Vs Anlotinib Alone As Third-Line Treatment In Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Qing , Li Yan , Zhang Wenjie , Wang Chen , Yang Shengjie , Guo Qisen
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus anlotinib as third-line treatment in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).Methods: 120 patients with ES-SCLC admitted to Shandong Cancer Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into observation group (n=62) and control group (n=58) according to different treatment plans. Observation group were given ICIs plus anlotinib, while control group were given anlotinib alone. The primary endpoint of the study was progression free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Efficacy evaluation was carried out every 2 cycles of the treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors. The main adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.Results: In observation group and control group, the DCR were 87.1% and 72.4% (p = 0.044), and the ORR were 19.4% and 6.9% (p = 0.045), respectively. The median PFS was longer in observation group (7.53 months) than that in control group (4.57 months) (p = 0.0033). In Cox regression analysis, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, brain metastases and metastatic sites were prognostic factors of ICIs plus anlotinib. Compared with control group, Grade 3-4 adverse events did not increase significantly in observation group. Treatment-related adverse events were tolerable and controllable.Conclusion: ICIs plus anlotinib showed promising efficacy and low toxicity in third-line treatment of ES-SCLC.
Comparison of the developmental potential of the morphological good embryos between normal-responders with low and high rate of MG day 3 embryos formation
Authors: Dai Xiuliang , Xia Xiyang , Gao Tingting , Yu Chunmei , Cao Fang , Li Tianfu , Li Lingjun , Wang Yufeng , Chen Li
Published: August 2021

Background

To determine whether the morphological good (MG) day 3 embryos or blastocysts from normal responders with the low rate of MG day 3 embryos formation (LRTD3) and high rate of MG day 3 embryos formation (HRTD3) have similar developmental potential.
Methods

Oocyte retrieval cycles were ranked by the rate of MG day 3 embryos (MG day 3 embryos/ 2PN zygotes), cycles in the bottom25th percentile was defined as low potential group (L) while cycles in the top 25th percentile was defined as high potential group (H). The basic characteristics of patients and cycles, blastocyst formation rate, and clinical outcomes of transfer of the MG blastocysts or day 3 embryos were compared between the H and L groups.
Results

The overall characteristics of patients and cycles were grossly comparable between the H and L group in patients with MG day 3 embryo transfer or blastocysts transfer. In patients with transfer of MG day 3 embryos, patients with LRTD3 showed decreased rate of blastocyst formation and similar clinical outcomes of direct transfer of MG day 3 embryos, compared to patients with HRTD3. In patients with transfer of MG blastocysts, patients with LRTD3 showed decreased rate of blastocyst formation, as well as decreased rate of implantation and livebirth of transfer of MG blastocysts. compared to patients with HRTD3.
Conclusion

We concluded that the quality of MG day 3 embryos or MG blastocysts from patients with LRTD3 was reduced, compared to patients with HRTD3. However, it seems that direct transfer of MG day 3 embryos effectively avoid the flaws of poor quality of MG day 3 embryos from patients with LRTD3. Therefore, our study support the strategy of transfer of MG day 3 embryos rather than expended culture for patients with LRTD3.
BRCA2 C-terminal RAD51-binding Domain Confers Resistance to DNA-damaging Agents
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasunaga , Morimatsu Masami , Tanaka Arisa , Morioka Ryo , Orino Koichi
Published: August 2021

Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility (BRCA2) protein is crucial for initiating DNA damage repair after chemotherapy with DNA interstrand cross-linking agents or X-ray irradiation. These treatments induce double-stranded breaks in genomic DNA. BRCA2 contains a C-terminal RAD51-binding domain (CTRBD) that interacts with RAD51-oligomer containing nucleofilaments. RAD51 nucleofilaments are essential for the homologous recombination repair of double-stranded DNA damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of expressing the CTRBD in cells exposed to X-ray irradiation and mitomycin C treatment. Surprisingly, expressing the BRCA2 CTRBD in HeLa cells increased their resistance to X-ray irradiation and mitomycin C. To determine the ability of the BRCA2 CTRBD to mediate DNA damage repair, the endogenous BRCA2 was depleted by shRNA. No significant differences were observed between the sensitivities of the BRCA2-depleted cells with or without expressing BRCA2 CTRBD. Thus, the resistance to X-ray irradiation conferred by the exogenous CTRBD required endogenous BRCA2 expression. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report the ability of the BRCA2 functional domain to confer resistance to X-ray irradiation and mitomycin C treatment. This peptide may be useful in the protection of cells against X-ray irradiation or chemotherapeutic agents.
O SERVIÇO DE GUARDA DE PRESÍDIOS:
Authors: Oliveira Hilderline Câmara , Ferreira dos Santos Francisco Assis
Published: August 2021

Uma das questões tratadas dentro da Política de Segurança Pública é a da gestão prisional, que, no atual contexto brasileiro, apresenta grandes desafios. Esses desafios se apresentam para todas as políticas públicas, mas especialmente para a de saúde e a de segurança pública, tendo em vista a pandemia de Covid-19, que assola o mundo. De fato, vivenciamos momentos difíceis, que estão exigindo novos hábitos como o do distanciamento, por exemplo. Esses podem gerar vários conflitos tanto nos espaços sociais comuns quanto nos de privação de liberdade. Nesse passo, este artigo tem como escopo geral verificar a possibilidade da retirada do serviço de guarda externa das unidades prisionais da grande Natal no estado do Rio Grande do Norte/RN. A pesquisa é de cunho exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, com aplicação de questionário, elaborado pelo Google Forms em virtude da pandemia de Covid/19, sua coleta se deu via Whatsapp no período de maio a junho de 2020, junto aos policiais militares que estão ou que já exerceram esse tipo de função nas referidas unidades. Evidenciaram que 60% dos policiais estão na função em presídios há menos de um ano, e ainda que 97% dos participantes concordam com a retirada da PM do serviço da guarda de presídios. Eles alegam que com isso há um desvio de função, que o governo do estado já está tomando as medidas judiciais para a retirada, e que a saída dos presídios beneficia a sociedade, pois essa ganha mais homens no policiamento ostensivo
Os PONTOS, OS FIOS E NÓS: A LITERATURA COMO UM DIREITO
Authors: Alves Izandra , Branchi de Oliveira Natália , Paula Maldaner Luana
Published: August 2021

Este artigo se propõe a desenvolver uma reflexão acerca de uma ação artístico- literária realizada com meninos privados de liberdade, do Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo de Caxias do Sul/RS, e com estudantes do ensino básico que estudavam remotamente, durante a pandemia do coronavírus. Baseando-se, principalmente, nas teorias de Michelè Petit (2009), acerca do papel que a leitura exerce nos espaços de crise, e na concepção de literatura como direito universal, de Antonio Candido (2011), realizamos ações leitoras valendo-nos dos textos E agora José?, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, e O espelho, de Machado de Assis. Como produção a partir da mediação leitora, cada adolescente bordou, em um pequeno pano, uma frase que mais lhe tocou dos textos, ou que criou a partir deles. Assim, unindo pano a pano, compusemos o grande mosaico de pontos, fios e nós da quarentena.
PLANTANDO SORRISOS: AÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL COM ALUNOS DA APAE- BAURU, SP
Authors: Silverio Giovana Henrique , Carlos Juliana Sanchez , Cabestré Rafaella , Antoniassi Beatriz , Siqueira Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro
Published: August 2021

Práticas inclusivas como a educação ambiental promovem uma transformação sem precedentes em públicos específicos da sociedade. Dessa forma, o projeto Plantando Sorrisos promoveu o plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas no Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru (JBMB) com parceria de estudantes da Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE). Inicialmente foi realizada uma palestra sobre a importância da natureza e o papel do homem no reflorestamento e posteriormente, procedeu-se o plantio de diversas mudas nativas através da técnica de preenchimento. Os resultados da ação envolveram a restauração de uma área do JBMB e a interação dos estudantes universitários com os da APAE. O resultado não poderiam ser melhores, já que a educação ambiental teve um papel importante na melhoria de uma área do parque e na inclusão de um grupo de crianças que muitas vezes são excluídas da sociedade.
POETIZ@NDO: POESIA NAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS NA PERSPECTIVA DA LITERACIA FAMILIAR
Authors: De Azevedo Machado Flávia Christiane , Ferreira de Figueiredo Alessandra Aniceto , Ferreira Brenda Nayara Carlos , De Barros Medeiros Ideize , Lima Ribeiro Iramara , Abreu de Carvalho Letícia , Dantas e Silva Lopes Maria Antônia , Dantas Campelo Maria Carolina , Bezerra Teles Mariana , Pinheiro de Paiva Neta Mariana , Ferreira de Oliveira Suelen , De Araújo Lucena Túlio
Published: August 2021

O projeto de Extensão Edusaúde UFRN desenvolve atividades de educação popular em saúde, utilizando o instagram @edusaudeufrn. Dentre as atividades, há o “poetiz@ndo” atividade de literacia em saúde, desenvolvida no período de Setembro a Outubro de 2020, onde poesias de autores brasileiros, voltadas ao público infantil foram declamadas, gravadas em vídeos e postadas. Além das poesias, divulgaram-se biografias dos poetas. A interação do público foi inferida pelas curtidas, visualizações, comentários. O poetiz@ndo ao veicular 11 poesias, de oito autores e suas biografias, obteve 994 visualizações e 133 curtidas nas declamações e 229 curtidas nas biografias. Assim, atinge o objetivo de desmistificar a poesia como gênero literário restrito as elites socais e contribuir para a formação acadêmica, trabalhando habilidades de comunicar-se, trabalhar em equipe, planificar ações.

 

Palavras-Chave: Poesia. Educação em Saúde. Mídias sociais.
PERCEPÇÃO DISCENTE DO USO DAS REDES SOCIAIS DIGITAIS EM EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA DIRECIONADA A PESSOAS COM DOR LOMBAR CRÔNICA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: De Santana Silva João Pedro , Medeiros de Lucena Beatriz Cristina , Medeiros de Araújo Geilson , Freitas Holanda de Almeida Dellis Kariny , De Brito Macedo Liane
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência e percepção discente acerca da criação de perfis nas redes sociais digitais como ferramenta de educação em saúde para pacientes com dor lombar crônica. Foi criado o perfil “Coluna em Movimento” no Instagram, YouTube e na plataforma Wix para blogs e realizadas publicações de setembro a dezembro de 2020 contendo informações científicas e exercícios físicos. Durante esse período foi possível observar a capacidade dinâmica das redes sociais em gerar interação entre os participantes do projeto e as pessoas com dor lombar crônica. Por outro lado, os discentes também puderam vivenciar um método diferente de aplicação da extensão universitária, a fim de continuar alcançando a sociedade no período de distanciamento social.