bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the hydrophobization on chitosan–insulin nanoparticles obtained by an alkylation reaction on chitosan
Authors: Robles Emmanuel , Villar Eva , Alatorre‐Meda Manuel , Burboa María. G. , Valdez Miguel A. , Taboada Pablo , Mosquera Víctor
Published: December 2012

In this work, we investigate the influence of chitosan hydrophobization on the formation, physicochemical properties, solubilization, and release profiles of chitosan‐based nanoparticles (NPs) complexed with the protein insulin, used as a protein model. We use an alkylation procedure to insert 8, 10, and 12 carbon chains along the chitosan macromolecule with a final 5, 10, or 50% substitution degree. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopes (IR) were used to evaluate the success and extent of the hydrophobization procedure. The size, shape, and charge of bare polymer and polymer‐insulin NPs were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron (TEM), and atomic force (AFM) microscopes, and zeta potential, respectively. DLS and zeta potential data demonstrated that polymeric NPs made with hydrophobized chitosans possess smaller sizes and higher positive charges than NPs obtained with unmodified chitosan. Also, TEM and AFM images showed that modified chitosan‐made NPs have more elongated structures. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to determine the type and extent of the existing interactions between the different constituting components of complexed insulin‐hydrophobized chitosan nanoparticles. The association efficiency and loading capacity of insulin into the polymeric nanoparticles were also investigated under different solution conditions. Our results showed that hydrophobized chitosan‐based NPs possess both higher association efficiencies and protein loading capacities at pH 6 in comparison with unmodified chitosan‐based ones. In vitro protein release studies at pH 5.3, 6, and 7.4 demonstrated that insulin is released more slowly from hydrophobized chitosan NPs, which would favor a more sustained protein release. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity Evaluation of 5‐Phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazolin‐3‐amines
Authors: Zheng Yan , Bian Ming , Deng Xian‐Qing , Wang Shi‐Ben , Quan Zhe‐Shan
Published: December 2012

In the present study we describe the syntheses and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 5‐phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazolin‐3‐amine derivatives. Their anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity were evaluated by the maximal electroshock seizure test (MES) and the rotarod test, respectively. The majority of the compounds prepared were effective in the MES screens at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. Of these compounds, the most promising was compound 8h, which showed an ED50 value of 27.4 mg/kg and a protective index (PI) value of 5.8. These values were superior to those provided by valproate (ED50 and PI values of 272 and 1.6, respectively) in the MES test in mice. As well as its anti‐MES efficacy, the potencies of compound 8h against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and thiosemicarbazide were also established, with the results suggesting that the GABAergic system‐mediated mechanisms might be involved in its anticonvulsant activity.
What is societal impact of research and how can it be assessed? a literature survey
Authors: Bornmann Lutz
Published: December 2012

Since the 1990s, the scope of research evaluations becomes broader as the societal products (outputs), societal use (societal references), and societal benefits (changes in society) of research come into scope. Society can reap the benefits of successful research studies only if the results are converted into marketable and consumable products (e.g., medicaments, diagnostic tools, machines, and devices) or services. A series of different names have been introduced which refer to the societal impact of research: third stream activities, societal benefits, societal quality, usefulness, public values, knowledge transfer, and societal relevance. What most of these names are concerned with is the assessment of social, cultural, environmental, and economic returns (impact and effects) from results (research output) or products (research outcome) of publicly funded research. This review intends to present existing research on and practices employed in the assessment of societal impact in the form of a literature survey. The objective is for this review to serve as a basis for the development of robust and reliable methods of societal impact measurement.
Traffic rationing and pricing in a linear monocentric city
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Hai , Yin Yafeng
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a simple spatial equilibrium model for a linear monocentric city to investigate the effects of rationing and pricing on morning commuters' travel cost and modal choice behavior in each location. Under rationing and pricing, every day in the morning peak hour, each commuter is classified as either “free” or “rationed”. “Free” commuters are allowed to use the highway without paying the toll, whereas “rationed” commuters can avoid the toll only if they travel by transit. Each day, a fraction of commuters are rationed in their free use of the highway, and the rationing fractions are determined systematically so that everyone is equally rationed in a given period. It is found that Pareto‐improving rationing and pricing scheme might be obtained as a combination of the rationing degree and the toll associated with rationing. Extension to the rationing and pricing scheme with cordon and park‐and‐ride service has been made. Cordon and park‐and‐ride might help in improving the efficiency of rationing and pricing strategy although remains its Pareto‐improving property. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fed‐batch cultivation of Escherichia coli expressed designer hepatitis C virus diagnostic intermediate and its evaluation
Authors: Gurramkonda Chandrasekhar , Talha Sheikh M. , Gudi Satheesh Kumar , Gogineni Venkateswara Rao , Surya Sambasiva Rao Krothapalli Raja
Published: December 2012

The present study aimed for an enhanced induction strategy combined with high‐level production of a capture antigen of hepatitis C virus (HCV) for use in diagnosis of HCV infection. We have expressed the synthetic gene encoding for HCV multiepitope protein in pET‐28a(+) vector and investigated its production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells using high‐cell‐density fed‐batch cultivation. A maximum cell dry mass of 30 g/L was obtained, and the culture was induced with 1, 5, and 10 mM isopropyl β‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for ∼4 H at 30°C; a maximum protein production of 1.5 g/L was observed in the case of induction with 10 mM IPTG. The enhanced induction strategy resulted in a ∼15‐fold increase as compared to 1 mM IPTG. The protein was purified using a simple immobilized metal affinity chromatography procedure, yielding 16.6 mg/g dry cell weight of pure protein with more than 99% purity. Further, the protein was evaluated for its diagnostic potential by using the commercially available HCV Seroconversion Panel, Worldwide HCV Performance Panel, and Viral Coinfection Panel. The protein showed high sensitivity and specificity, which was comparable to the best performing commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits.
Characterization of pyrene biodegradation by white‐rot fungus Polyporus sp. S133
Authors: Hadibarata Tony , Kristanti Risky Ayu , Fulazzaky Mohamad Ali , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: December 2012

A white‐rot fungus of Polyporus sp. S133 was isolated from an oil‐polluted soil. The metabolism of pyrene by this fungus was investigated in liquid medium with 5 mg of the compound. Depletion of pyrene was evident during the 30‐day growth period and was 21% and 90%, respectively, in cometabolism and metabolism of pyrene alone. Pyrene was absorbed to fungal cells or biodegraded to form simpler structural compounds. Seventy‐one percent of eliminated pyrene was transformed by Polyporus sp. S133 into other compounds, whereas only 18% was absorbed in the fungal cell. The effects of pH and temperature on biomass production of Polyporus sp. S133 for pyrene were examined; the properties of laccase and 1,2‐dioxygenase produced by Polyporus sp. S133 during pyrene degradation were investigated. The optimal values of pH were 3, 5, and 4 for laccase, 1,2‐dioxygenase, and biomass production, respectively, whereas the optimal values of temperature were 25 °C for laccase and 50 °C for 1,2‐dioxygenase and biomass production. Under optimal conditions, pyrene was mainly metabolized to 1‐hydroxypyrene and gentisic acid. The structure of 1‐hydroxypyrene and gentisic acid was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after identification using thin‐layer chromatography.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterium Streptomyces albogriseolus and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Samundeeswari Arputhamani , Dhas Sindhu Priya , Nirmala Joyce , John Shiny Punalur , Mukherjee Amitava , Chandrasekaran Natarajan
Published: December 2012

An eco‐friendly approach to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by extracellular components of Streptomyces albogriseolus has been reported. The isolated actinobacteria were genotypically identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and the morphology was observed by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. The preliminary characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. The maximum absorption spectra were found to be 409 nm at the 48th hour of incubation. The yield of AgNPs was found to be 72.64% as quantified by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The average size of AgNPs determined by the dynamic light scattering technique was 16.25 ± 1.6 nm. The results from transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of spherical shaped and crystalline AgNPs. The interaction of protein with AgNPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The biosynthesized AgNPs inhibited the growth of food pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus). Hence, the synthesis of AgNPs by S. albogriseolus could be employed as a probable antimicrobial agent to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. This approach employed for the synthesis of nanoparticles paves a path for new biomaterial interfaces, which could be applied in different biomedical fields.
A new and simple resonance Rayleigh scattering method for human serum albumin using graphite oxide as probe
Authors: Wang Shengmian , Xu Lili , Wang Lisheng , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: December 2012

Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared by the Hummer procedure, and can be dispersed to stable colloid solution by ultrasonic wave. The GO exhibited an absorption peak at 313 nm, and a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 490 nm. In pH 4.6 HAc‐NaAc buffer solution, human serum albumin (HSA) combined with GO probe to form large HSA‐GO particles that caused the RRS peak increasing at 490 nm. The increased RRS intensity was linear to HSA concentration in the range 0.50–200 µg/mL. Thus, a new and simple RRS method was proposed for the determination of HSA in samples, with a recovery of 98.1–104%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method of chemiluminescence coupled with ultrafiltration for investigating the interaction between ibuprofen and human serum albumin
Authors: Xiong Xunyu , Zhang Qunzheng , Nan Yefei , Gu Xuefan
Published: December 2012

In acidic media, ibuprofen substantially enhanced the weak chemiluminescence (CL) produced by sodium sulfite and potassium permanganate. The increased signals were linearly correlated with ibuprofen concentrations ranging from 1.2 × 10‐3 to 4.8 μM, with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10‐4 μM. Two ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were used to construct a unit for trapping 0.15 and 0.75 μM human serum albumin (HSA) and coupled online with the CL system. At low HSA concentrations, the numbers of bound molecules per binding site were calculated to be 0.9 for Sudlow site I and 6.2 for Sudlow site II. The association constants on these binding sites were 5.9 × 105 and 3.4 × 104 M‐1, respectively. Our CL–UF protocol presents a rapid and sensitive method for studies on drug–protein interaction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common stem origin of left gastric, right and left inferior phrenic arteries, in association with a hepatosplenomesenteric trunk, independently arising from the abdominal aorta: Case report using MDCT angiography
Authors: Matusz Petru , Loukas Marios , Iacob Nicoleta , Ples Horia
Published: December 2012

We describe in this paper a rare case of a 45‐year‐old male with a common stem origin of the left gastric artery (LGA), right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA), in association with the presence of a hepatosplenomesenteric trunk (HSMT) arising from the abdominal aorta (AA), as revealed by routine multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. The common stem origin of the LGA, RIPA, and LIPA had an endoluminal diameter of 3.3 mm, the LGA of 2.8 mm. The endoluminal diameter of the RIPA and LIPA was at the origin of approximately 1 mm, complicating selective chemoembolization of the liver parenchyma. Clin. Anat. 26:980–983, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of RNA Phosphodiester Bond by Histidine‐Containing Dipeptides
Authors: Wieczorek Rafał , Dörr Mark , Chotera Agata , Luisi Pier Luigi , Monnard Pierre‐Alain
Published: December 2012

A new scenario for prebiotic formation of nucleic acid oligomers is presented. Peptide catalysis is applied to achieve condensation of activated RNA monomers into short RNA chains. As catalysts, L‐dipeptides containing a histidine residue, primarily Ser‐His, were used. Reactions were carried out in selforganised environment, a water‐ice eutectic phase, with low concentrations of reactants. Incubation periods up to 30 days resulted in the formation of short oligomers of RNA. During the oligomerisation, an active intermediate (dipeptide–mononucleotide) is produced, which is the reactive species. Details of the mechanism and kinetics, which were elucidated with a set of control experiments, further establish that the imidazole side chain of a histidine at the carboxyl end of the dipeptide plays a crucial role in the catalysis. These results suggest that this oligomerisation catalysis occurs by a transamination mechanism. Because peptides are much more likely products of spontaneous condensation than nucleotide chains, their potential as catalysts for the formation of RNA is interesting from the origin‐of‐life perspective. Finally, the formation of the dipeptide–mononucleotide intermediate and its significance for catalysis might also be viewed as the tell‐tale signs of a new example of organocatalysis.
The Role of π Bridges in High‐Efficiency DSCs Based on Unsymmetrical Squaraines
Authors: Delcamp Jared H. , Shi Yanrong , Yum Jun‐Ho , Sajoto Tissa , Dell'Orto Elisa , Barlow Stephen , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Marder Seth R. , Grätzel Michael
Published: December 2012

A series of squaraine‐based sensitizers with various π bridges and anchors were prepared and examined in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The carboxylic anchor group was attached onto a squaraine dye through π bridges with and without an ethynyl spacer. DFT studies indicate that the LUMO is delocalized throughout the dyes, whilst the HOMO resides on the squaraine core. The dye that incorporates a 4,4‐di‐n‐hexyl‐cyclopentadithiophene group that is directly attached onto the π bridge, JD10, exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency in a DSC; this result is attributed, in part, to the deaggregative properties that are associated with the gem‐di‐n‐hexyl substituents, which extend above and below the π‐conjugated dye plane. Dye JD10 demonstrates a power‐conversion efficiency of 7.3 % for liquid‐electrolyte dye‐sensitized solar cells and 7.9 % for cells that are co‐sensitized by another metal‐free dye, D35, which substantially exceed the performance of any previously tested squaraine sensitizer. A panchromatic incident‐photon‐to‐current‐conversion efficiency curve is realized for this dye with an excellent short‐circuit current of 18.0 mA cm−2. This current is higher than that seen for other squaraine dyes, partially owing to a high molar absorptivity of >5 000 M−1 cm−1 from 400 nm to the long‐wavelength onset of 724 nm for dye JD10.
Structure‐Dependent Electrocatalysis of Ni(OH)2 Hourglass‐like Nanostructures Towards L‐Histidine
Authors: Nai Jianwei , Chen Zhengbo , Li Haopeng , Li Fangyuan , Bai Yang , Li Lidong , Guo Lin
Published: December 2012

As the properties of nanomaterials are strongly dependent on their size, shape and nanostructures, probing the relations between macro‐properties and nanostructures is challenging for nanoscientists. Herein, we deliberately chose three types of Ni(OH)2 with hexagonal, truncated trigonal, and trigonal hourglass‐like nanostructures, respectively, as the electrode modifier to demonstrate the correlation between the nanostructures and their electrocatalytic performance towards L‐histidine. It was found that the hexagonal hourglass‐like Ni(OH)2 sample had the best electrocatalytic activity, which can be understood by a cooperative mechanism: on one hand, the hexagonal sample possesses the largest specific surface area and the tidiest nanostructure, resulting in the most orderly packing on the electrode surface; on the other hand, its internal structure with the most stacking faults would generate a lot of unstable protons, leading to an enhanced electronic conductivity. The findings are important because they provide a clue for materials design and engineering to meet a specific requirement for electrocatalysis of L‐histidine, possibly even for other biomolecules. In addition, the hexagonal Ni(OH)2‐based biosensor shows excellent sensitivity and selectivity in the determination of L‐histidine and offers a promising feature for the analytical application in real biological samples.
Facile Preparation of Mono‐, Di‐ and Mixed‐Carboxylato Platinum(IV) Complexes for Versatile Anticancer Prodrug Design
Authors: Zhang Jenny Z. , Bonnitcha Paul , Wexselblatt Ezequiel , Klein Alice V. , Najajreh Yousef , Gibson Dan , Hambley Trevor W.
Published: December 2012

Facile strategies were developed for the versatile functionalization of platinum(IV) axial sites, allowing for easy accessibility to unsymmetric mono‐ and mixed‐carboxylato, as well as symmetric di‐substituted platinum(IV) complexes. The first method involves the direct oxidation and carboxylation of the platinum(II) center using an appropriate peroxide and the carboxylate of choice to firstly yield a monocarboxylato monohydroxido platinum(IV) complex. This platinum(IV) intermediate can undergo further carboxylation to give rise to a mixed‐carboxylato platinum(IV) complex. The second method involves the activation of the carboxylate of choice by a common carbodiimide coupling reagent, and its reaction with a dihydroxido platinum(IV) precursor to give the monocarboxylato platinum(IV) complex. Uronium salts can be employed to promote efficient dicarboxylation of the dihydroxido platinum(IV) precursor. Lastly, an axial azide pendant group was demonstrated to be suitable for orthogonal “click” conjugation reactions.
Highly Efficient Enantioselective Construction of Bispirooxindoles Containing Three Stereocenters through an Organocatalytic Cascade Michael–Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang Li‐Li , Tian Zhi‐Qing , Huang Yao‐Dong , Wang Yong‐Mei
Published: December 2012

Bispirooxindole derivatives containing three stereocenters, including two spiro quaternary centers, were synthesized in a high‐yielding, atypically rapid, and stereocontrolled cascade Michael–cyclization reaction between methyleneindolinones and isothiocyanato oxindoles catalyzed by a bi‐ or multifunctional organocatalyst. Mild conditions were used to construct bispirooxindoles with excellent enantio‐ and diastereomeric purities within less than 1 min. Catalyst reconfiguration offered access to the opposite enantiomer. This exceptionally highly efficient procedure will allow diversity‐oriented syntheses of this intriguing class of compounds with potential biological activities.
Interplay between the Diradical Character and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties in Fullerene Systems
Authors: Muhammad Shabbir , Fukuda Kotaro , Minami Takuya , Kishi Ryohei , Shigeta Yasuteru , Nakano Masayoshi
Published: December 2012

To reveal new structure–property relationships in the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of fullerenes that are associated with their open‐shell character, we investigated the interplay between the diradical character (yi) and second hyperpolarizability (longitudinal component, γzzzz) in several fullerenes, including C20, C26, C30, C36, C40, C42, C48, C60, and C70, by using the broken‐symmetry density functional theory (DFT; LC‐UBLYP (μ=0.33)/6‐31G*//UB3LYP/6‐31G*). We found that the large differences between the geometry and topology of fullerenes have a significant effect on the diradical character of each fullerene. On the basis of their different diradical character, these fullerenes were categorized into three groups, that is, closed‐shell (yi=0), intermediate open‐shell (0<yi<1), and almost pure open‐shell compounds (yi≅1), which originated from their diverse topological features, as explained by odd‐electron‐density and spin‐density diagrams. For example, we found that closed‐shell fullerenes include C20, C60, and C70, whereas fullerenes C26 and C36 and C30, C40, C42, and C48 are pure and intermediate open‐shell compounds, respectively. Interestingly, the γzzzz enhancement ratios between C30/C36 and C40/C60 are 4.42 and 11.75, respectively, regardless of the smaller π‐conjugation size in C30 and C40 than in C36 and C60. Larger γzzzz values were obtained for other fullerenes that had intermediate diradical character, in accordance with our previous valence configuration interaction (VCI) results for the two‐site diradical model. The γzzzz density analysis shows that the large positive contributions originate from the large γzzzz density distributions on the right‐ and left‐extended edges of the fullerenes, between which significant spin polarizations (related to their intermediate diradical character) appear within the spin‐unrestricted DFT level of theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Double‐Helix Structures of Unusually Simple Lithium—Phosphorous Species.
Authors: Ivanov Alexander S. , Morris Andrew J. , Bozhenko Konstantin V. , Pickard Chris J. , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: December 2012

The existence of double‐helix structures in the series of LixPx (x = 5—9) clusters and in an infinite LiP chain are theoretical predicted by quantum chemical calculations using B3LYP and CCSD(T) methods.
ChemInform Abstract: BaGa2GeX6 (X: S, Se): New mid‐IR Nonlinear Optical Crystals with Large Band Gaps.
Authors: Lin Xinsong , Guo Yifeng , Ye Ning
Published: December 2012

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of BaS, Ga, Ge, and S or Se (700 °C for 70 h and 1000 °C for 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Properties of the New Ternary Silicide Gd3Co2.48Si1.52.
Authors: Gaudin E. , Mayer C. , Weill F. , Chevalier B.
Published: December 2012

The title compound is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1073 K for one month.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐ and Chemical‐Oxidant‐Free C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Compounds: The Use of Radical‐Cation Pools.
Authors: Morofuji Tatsuya , Shimizu Akihiro , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2012

Aromatic compounds react with aryl radical cations, which are generated and accumulated by low‐temperature electrolysis from the corresponding arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity Switch: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Propargyl Alcohols to 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Wang Tao , Shi Shuai , Rudolph Matthias
Published: December 2012

The Au‐catalyzed treatment of propargyl alcohols with pyridine‐N‐oxides allows a mild, efficient, and selective access to various synthetically important 1,3‐diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Iodinated Aromatic Building Blocks Promoted by Iodine and Hydrogen Peroxide in Water: A Mechanistic Investigation by Mass Spectrometry.
Authors: Gallo Rafael D. C. , Ferreira Irlon M. , Casagrande Gleison A. , Pizzuti Lucas , Oliveira‐Silva Diogo , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: December 2012

The reaction of aromatic compounds with molecular iodine in the presence of aqueous hydrogen peroxide gives mono‐, di‐ and triiodinated arenes and hetarenes under the same conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Thiols and Thioacids to 3,3‐Disubstituted Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Mudd Richard J. , Young Paul C. , Jordan‐Hore James A. , Rosair Georgina M. , Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: December 2012

Treatment of cyclopropenes of type (I) with thiols in the presence of AUC results in regio‐ and chemoselective formation of vinylic thioethers like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Malononitrile to 2‐Enoylpyridines with Bifunctional Organocatalyst.
Authors: Molleti Nagaraju , Rana Nirmal K. , Singh Vinod K.
Published: December 2012

It is found that the chiral urea catalysts (QUI) and (URE) efficiently promote the asymmetric conjugate addition of malononitrile to a number of 2‐enoylpyridines and related compounds like (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Potash Alum [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] Catalyzed Esterification of Formylphenoxyaliphatic Acids.
Authors: Kumar Ganesan Shunmugadhas Suresh , Kumaresan Sudalaiandi
Published: December 2012

A new protocol for the esterification of formylphenoxyaliphatic acids (I) using potash alum as heterogeneous catalyst developed and applied to the synthesis of ibuprofen prodrugs (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Room‐Temperature O‐Silylation of Alcohols Using a SBA‐15‐Supported Cobalt(II) Nanocatalyst.
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Luque Rafael , Serrano‐Ruiz Juan Carlos
Published: December 2012

The procedure is successfully applied to various substrates (alcohols, phenols, diols and triols) without affecting other functional groups and the protection is complete within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Broensted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent as Reaction Media for Esterification of Carboxylic Acid with Alcohols.
Authors: De Santi Valerio , Cardellini Fabio , Brinchi Lucia , Germani Raimondo
Published: December 2012

A quaternary ammonium methanesulfonate is used as both reusable catalyst and solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination of Aromatic Compounds Using an Fe2O3/Zeolite Catalyst.
Authors: Nishina Yuta , Takami Keishi
Published: December 2012

The catalytic bromination of non‐activated aromatic compounds is initiated by the highly active, in situ formed iron(III)‐bromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides in Liquid Ammonia.
Authors: Ji Pengju , Atherton John H. , Page Michael I.
Published: December 2012

CuI in combination with ascorbic acid promotes the coupling of aromatic iodides and bromides with liquid NH3 and allows selective formation of a number of primary amines in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselective Direct Hydroxylation of Arenes with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by a Divanadium‐Substituted Phosphotungstate.
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Yamaura Taiyo , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: December 2012

The treatment of the divanadium phosphotungstate with HClO4 generates in situ the [γ‐PW10O38V2(μ‐OH)2] 3‐ species which shows high catalytic activity in the hydroxylation of various aromatic compounds with aqueous H2O2.
ChemInform Abstract: BINOL Derived C2‐Symmetric Bis‐Sulfinates as Efficient Sulfinyl Transfer Agents in the Synthesis of tert‐Butyl Sulfoxides.
Authors: Gaggero N. , Albanese D. C. M.
Published: December 2012

A new practical approach for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diarylmethanes via a Friedel—Crafts Benzylation Using Arenes and Benzyl Alcohols in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine Ditriflate.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Nazari Ehsan
Published: December 2012

A mixture of triphenylphosphine oxide and triflic anhydride generates the title reagent, which is demonstrated to be an efficient promotor for the procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Diaryl Acetylenes in the Presence of Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triphenyl Naphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Qian Pengcheng , Chen Fan , Pan Changduo
Published: December 2012

The mechanism of the presented hydroarylation reaction remains unclear at present.
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde Dimers Undergo Homo‐Ugi 4‐Component‐5‐center Reactions.
Authors: Rotstein Benjamin H. , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: December 2012

Enantiopure aziridine‐substituted bicyclic oxazolidines, so called α‐aziridine aldehydes, are applied as substrates in Ugi and Passerini reactions to give highly functionalized scaffolds as diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Sulfenylation of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles.
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Cong , Xue Xiao‐Song , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: December 2012

Qunidine‐catalyzed treatment of Boc‐protected 3‐substituted oxindoles with (arylthio)phthalimides is found to allow a highly enantioselective access to 3‐sulfurated derivatives of type (III) and (V) which are of biological and chemical interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Allenyl and Aryl C—N Bond Formation: Efficient Access to N‐Functionalized Multisubstituted Indoles.
Authors: Liu Bingxin , Hong Xiaohu , Yan Dong , Xu Shuguang , Huang Xiaomei , Xu Bin
Published: December 2012

Related compounds such as (XII) are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 5‐Chloropyrazoles: A Selective Access to 4‐Aryl Pyrazoles.
Authors: Yan Tao , Chen Lu , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Doucet Henri
Published: December 2012

A number of 4‐arylated pyrazoles can be prepared efficiently.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bicyclic Imidazoles via [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Between Nitriles and Regioselectively Generated α‐Imino Gold Carbene Intermediates.
Authors: Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Liming
Published: December 2012

By use of AuCl3 as catalyst, the title reaction of terminal azidoalkynes with nitriles occurs predominantly, and the competing intramolecular Huisgen reaction leading to fused triazole derivatives is minimized (mostly < 20% NMR yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles from Carbonimidoyl Dichlorides and Amines.
Authors: Yu Hui , Liu Qiong , Li Yuzhe , Ni Chongzhi
Published: December 2012

The reaction of o‐haloaryl substituted carbonimidoyl dichlorides with various primary amines produces guanidine intermediates which undergo ring closure in the presence of CuI.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of a New Class of Bis and Tris Heterocycles.
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Venkatesh Bhumireddy C. , Muralikrishna Akkarapalli , Padmaja Adivireddy
Published: December 2012

The bisbenzoxazolylisoxazole (Va) exhibits good antioxidant activity compared to the standard ascorbic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Isoxazolidine Synthesis via Copper‐Catalyzed Alkene Aminooxygenation.
Authors: Karyakarte Shuklendu D. , Smith Thomas P. , Chemler Sherry R.
Published: December 2012

Cu‐catalyzed treatment of butenylated hydroxylamines with the radical (II) allows a new and stereoselective access to isoxazolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiazoline from β‐Azido Disulfide and Carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Jun , Qi Xiangbing , Du Yuguo
Published: December 2012

It provides a facile and efficient method to prepare disubstituted thiazolines which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Pyrano[4,3‐b]pyran‐2,5‐diones in an Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Sharifi‐Kiasaraie Masoumeh , Azimi Seyyedeh Cobra
Published: December 2012

A mildly basic ionic liquid is used both as solvent and catalyst for the synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Carbo‐Acylation Reactions of 2‐Arylpyridines with α‐Diketones via Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Selective C(sp2)—C(sp2) Cleavage.
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Hongji , Wang Lei
Published: December 2012

In the presence of tBuOOH, 2‐arylpyridines (I) as well as benzoquinoline (IX) react with symmetric or asymmetric diketones to give the corresponding acylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Formation of 2‐Aminopyridines from Diynes and Cyanamides.
Authors: Lane Timothy K. , D'Souza Brendan R. , Louie Janis
Published: December 2012

Slow addition of diynes to cyanamides in the presence of FeCl2, Zn, and PYR allows an efficient and regioselective access to highly substituted 2‐aminopyridines like (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Ascididemin via Anionic Cascade Ring Closure.
Authors: Petersen Ida Nymann , Crestey Francois , Kristensen Jesper Langgaard
Published: December 2012

Ascididemin (III) is readily prepared by microwave‐promoted cyclization of bipyridine (II) followed by benzylic oxidation of intermediate 12‐deoxyascididemin.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Mayadevi S.
Published: December 2012

Review: recent developments during the last decade; 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols and Carbohydrates
Authors: Della Pina Cristina , Falletta Ermelinda , Rossi Michele
Published: December 2012

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Additions to Alkenes: O‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Li Zigang , Capretto David A. , He Chuan
Published: December 2012

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions: Oxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Liu Yuanhong
Published: December 2012

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermo Chemical Conversion of Biomass ‐ Eco Friendly Energy Routes
Authors: Panwar N. L. , Kothari Richa , Tyagi V. V.
Published: December 2012

Review: 123 refs.
Design and Fabrication of a Three Dimensional Spiral Micromixer
Authors: Yang Jun , Qi Li , Chen Yi , Ma Huimin
Published: December 2012

In this work, we present a three dimensional micromixer which consists of two layers of spiral channels overlapped together in the vertical direction. This micromixer is designed by using a smooth channel twisted into double‐layer spiral geometry with simple topological structure. Based on the principle of Dean effects, this kind of structure is beneficial to produce, enhance and sustain the Dean vortices, which can perturb the laminar fluid effectively. In order to improve the mixing performance, the detailed parameters have been optimized by using the computational fluid dynamics software. The results indicate that the erect channel which is connected with the two layers of spiral channels plays a critical role for well mixing. Meanwhile, the effect of mixing has been identified in a fabricated glass‐micromixer. The mixing ef?ciency of 90% has been achieved by optimizing the flow rate and the structure of the erect channel. Thus, this micromixer has manifested high mixing efficiency and presents good practicability in the versatile microfluidic systems.
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Chemosensor for F− Detection Based on Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic Bisimide
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Limin , Zhang Guanjun , Yu Jianjun , Cai Xiaofei , Teng Mingshuang , Wu Yue
Published: December 2012

A novel colorimetric chemosensor PBIOSi has been designed and synthesized. The addition of F− to a THF solution of PBIOSi resulted in an obvious color change (from red to green) in a short time because of the specific cleavage of SiO bond in PBIOSi by F−. It was interesting that PBIOSi showed excellent selectivity for F− detection over other halides. The UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence were changed linearly with the concentration of F− over the range of 0–10 µmol/L.
Disintegration of Sludge by Sonication and Improvement of Methane Production Rates in Batch Anaerobic Digesters
Authors: Zorba Gozde T. , Sanin F. Dilek
Published: December 2012

Sludge pretreatment prior to anaerobic digestion has been found to reduce sludge production in wastewater treatment. Sludge disintegration using physical, chemical, biological, or mechanical methods can increase biogas production and reduce sludge quantities. Ultrasonication is one of the most effective means of mechanical disintegration. This study aims to investigate ultrasonication as a means for solubilizing waste activated sludge (WAS) to enhance its digestability. Sonication was applied by the use of two different probes providing different powers and energies into the sludge after which the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) increases were measured. The samples were then digested anaerobically in 250 mL serum bottles for about 50 days. Along with the biogas measurements, the rate of methane production is calculated to be able to quantify the effect of pretreatment and compare the results between different applications. The results showed that with the increase of sonication power and sonication time, sCOD increased. An introduction of higher sonication energy made the sCOD rise sharply, however, this increase was not indefinite; it became gradually lower with the further increase of energy. The results indicated that specific methane production, specific methane yield, and the first order methane generation rate increased with increasing energy input.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Benzo[a]pyrene in Yellow River Delta
Authors: Jin Qin , Jiang Qunou , Wu Feng , Li Xing , Deng Xiangzheng
Published: December 2012

Ecological risk assessment is of great significance to promoting the rational management effectively for the oil‐polluted areas. A comprehensive evaluation method of ecological risk, including probabilistic risk assessment and regional ecological risk assessment, is developed through employing the contaminant benzo[a]pyrene as an indicator to assess ecological risk of five oil mining plots, respectively in Yellow River Delta. In this study, firstly we evaluate the ecological risk probability of five oil mining plots using overlapping area of probabilistic curves, and the results show that local ecological risk varies between the maximum 0.4 and the minimum 0.01. Then we overlay boundaries of five administrative divisions in Yellow River Delta and the spatial distribution patterns of ecosystems to generate new risk receptor plaques, and calculate the integrated value of 30 specifically classified plaques for comprehensive evaluation of ecological risk. The results, fluctuating within the range of 0.00005 and 0.25, indicate that local government should be vigilant to ecological risk of benzo[a]pyrene to some extent, although the current situation is not severe in whole.
Biosorption of Heavy Metals in Leachate Derived from Gold Mine Tailings Using Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Jalili Seh‐Bardan Bahi , Othman Radziah , Abd Wahid Samsuri , Sadegh‐Zadeh Fardin , Husin Aminudin
Published: December 2012

Leachate derived from bioleaching process contains high amount of metals that must be removed before discharging the water. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from a gold mine tailings and its ability to remove of As, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn from aqueous solutions and leachate of bioleaching processes was assessed. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to characterize the capability of fungal biomass (FB) and iron coated fungal biomass (ICFB) to remove metal ions in single and multi‐solute systems. The maximum sorption capacity of FB for As(III), As(V), Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were 11.2, 8.57, 94.33, 53.47, 43.66, and 70.4 mg/g, respectively, at pH 6. For ICFB, these values were 88.5, 81.3, 98.03, 66.2, 50.25, and 74.07 mg/g. Results showed that only ICFB was found to be more effective in removing metal ions from the leachate. The amount of adsorbed metals from the leachate was 2.88, 21.20, 1.91, 0.1, and 0.08 mg/g for As, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb, respectively. The FT‐IR analysis showed involvement of the functional groups of the FB in the metal ions sorption. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface morphological changed following metal ions adsorption. The study showed that the indigenous fungus A. fumigatus was able to remove As, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn from the leachate of gold mine tailings and therefore the potential for removing metal ions from metal‐bearing leachate.
Distribution and intrinsic membrane properties of basal forebrain GABAergic and parvalbumin neurons in the mouse
Authors: McKenna James T. , Yang Chun , Franciosi Serena , Winston Stuart , Abarr Kathleen K. , Rigby Matthew S. , Yanagawa Yuchio , McCarley Robert W. , Brown Ritchie E.
Published: December 2012

The basal forebrain (BF) strongly regulates cortical activation, sleep homeostasis, and attention. Many BF neurons involved in these processes are GABAergic, including a subpopulation of projection neurons containing the calcium‐binding protein, parvalbumin (PV). However, technical difficulties in identification have prevented a precise mapping of the distribution of GABAergic and GABA/PV+ neurons in the mouse or a determination of their intrinsic membrane properties. Here we used mice expressing fluorescent proteins in GABAergic (GAD67‐GFP knock‐in mice) or PV+ neurons (PV‐Tomato mice) to study these neurons. Immunohistochemical staining for GABA in GAD67‐GFP mice confirmed that GFP selectively labeled BF GABAergic neurons. GFP+ neurons and fibers were distributed throughout the BF, with the highest density in the magnocellular preoptic area (MCPO). Immunohistochemistry for PV indicated that the majority of PV+ neurons in the BF were large (>20 μm) or medium‐sized (15–20 μm) GFP+ neurons. Most medium and large‐sized BF GFP+ neurons, including those retrogradely labeled from the neocortex, were fast‐firing and spontaneously active in vitro. They exhibited prominent hyperpolarization‐activated inward currents and subthreshold “spikelets,” suggestive of electrical coupling. PV+ neurons recorded in PV‐Tomato mice had similar properties but had significantly narrower action potentials and a higher maximal firing frequency. Another population of smaller GFP+ neurons had properties similar to striatal projection neurons. The fast firing and electrical coupling of BF GABA/PV+ neurons, together with their projections to cortical interneurons and the thalamic reticular nucleus, suggest a strong and synchronous control of the neocortical fast rhythms typical of wakefulness and REM sleep. J. Comp. Neurol., 521:1225–1250, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What Molecular Features Govern the Mechanism of Supramolecular Polymerization?
Authors: Kulkarni Chidambar , Balasubramanian Sundaram , George Subi J.
Published: December 2012

An understanding of the mechanisms of supramolecular polymerization from a molecular point of view is lacking. Several reports in the literature on the mechanism exhibited by different classes of molecules are examined in an attempt to correlate the molecular features to the aggregation pathway followed. It is proposed that long‐range interactions between oligomers could lead to their cooperative growth. The lack thereof leads to isodesmicity.
Gramian‐based model order reduction of parameterized time‐delay systems
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhang Zheng , Wang Qing , Wong Ngai
Published: December 2012

Time‐delay systems (TDSs) frequently arise in circuit simulation especially in high‐frequency applications. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques can be used to facilitate the simulation of TDSs. On the other hand, many kinds of variations, such as temperature and geometric uncertainties, can have significant impact on the transient responses of TDSs. Therefore, it is important to preserve parametric dependence during the MOR procedure. This paper presents a new parameterized MOR scheme for TDSs with parameter variations. We derive parameterized reduced‐order models (ROMs) for TDSs using balanced truncation by approximating the Gramians in the multi‐dimensional space of parameters. The resulting ROMs can preserve the parametric dependence, making it efficient for repeated simulations under different parameter settings. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A radio frequency identification application for car theft prevention in parking lot management systems
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ling , Chong Mei‐Li
Published: December 2012

Currently, there are many parking lot management systems in use; however, most of them are unsuited to the problem of car theft. For example, a thief can drive a jalopy into a parking lot, and because the gate does not have any mechanism to detect whether the driver is the owner of the car, the gate will be open according merely to whether the driver pays the parking fee. A thief can drive away with a luxurious car away using his own parking ticket. We propose a new scheme to prevent the car theft. We adopt radio frequency identification technology conforming to EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2 to our scheme design. Our scheme supplies an easy, cheap and high security parking environment for customers and the parking management system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energy‐saving‐centric downlink scheduling scheme for WiMAX networks
Authors: Ke Shaoh‐Chen , Chen Yen‐Wen , Fang Hao‐An
Published: December 2012

This study proposes an energy‐saving‐centric downlink scheduling scheme to support efficient power utilization and to satisfy the QoS requirements. The base station considers the queue lengths of mobile stations with real‐time and non‐real‐time connections and considers their QoS requirements to determine the sleeping parameters when the mobile stations issue sleep requests. The proposed scheme appropriately reschedules the sleep‐requesting mobile station to transmit its queued packets for optimal power‐saving efficiency. The QoS requirement is considered as the constraint during traffic rescheduling. The treatment of real‐time connections generally requires a trade‐off of the delay requirement and the longer sleep window, and the non‐real‐time connections must concern the packet drop and minimum data rates when performing the energy‐centric scheduling. Two rescheduling algorithms, that is, whole and partial reschedules, are proposed and analyzed in this paper. The whole‐reschedule scheme provides improved energy‐saving performance at the cost of tolerable longer delay and computing complexity when compared with the partial‐reschedule scheme. Our simulation results indicated that both schemes not only guarantee the desired QoS but also achieve superior energy‐saving efficiency to that of traditional scheduling. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid localization and tracking system in camera sensor networks
Authors: Gao Deyun , Zhu Wanting , Xu Xiaoyu , Chao Han‐Chieh
Published: December 2012

Position information is of vital importance in the various applications in energy‐constrained wireless sensor networks. It has to design a localization mechanism considering both precision and energy consumption factors. In this paper, we propose a hybrid localization system in wireless sensor networks, which is composed of coarse‐grained localization system and fine‐grained localization system. The coarse‐grained localization system takes the wireless signal strength as the reference for distance and gets the rough region as the unknown node. The fine‐grained localization system is in charge of location refinement that takes image to localize the unknown node with camera sensor nodes. On the basis of the hybrid localization system, we furthermore design a hybrid tracking system for localizing a moving object. Finally, we build up a test bed to conduct experiments with our developed sensor network. The experiment results show that the proposed hybrid localization and tracking system can achieve high position precision and low energy consumption. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.