bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter – a new alien species in Poland
Authors: Kocián Petr
Published: February 2016

The paper reports on a find of the invasive Mediterranean species Dittrichia graveolens on the S1 expressway in S Poland, which is the first record in Poland.
Distribution of the Common Adder Vipera berus and the Slow Worm Anguis fragils in Silesia, SW Poland
Authors: Kopij Grzezgorz
Published: February 2016

During the years 2004-2008 the distribution of the Common Adder and the Slow Worm were studied in Silesia through questionnaire directed to forest inspectorates (n=871); 83.8% of them responded. These data were tested through field work in several randomly selected inspectorates. Both species were found to be widespread in the region, with a few strongholds identified in Sudety Mts. and larger forest complexes. The Common Adder was recorded in 68.5% of forest districts which responded, while the Slow Worm – in 73.6% of those districts. Changes in distribution and population trends could not be derived, since no reliable data were available from previous years.
Relationship Between Maximum Aerobic Speed Performance and Distance Covered in Rugby Union Games
Authors: Swaby Rick , Jones Paul A. , Comfort Paul
Published: February 2016

Swaby, R, Jones, PA, and Comfort, P. Relationship between maximum aerobic speed performance and distance covered in rugby union games. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2788–2793, 2016—Researchers have shown a clear relationship between aerobic fitness and the distance covered in professional soccer, although no research has identified such a relationship in rugby union. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify whether there was a relationship between maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and the distance covered in rugby union games. Fourteen professional rugby union players (age = 26 ± 6 years, height = 1.90 ± 0.12 m, mass = 107.1 ± 24.1 kg) participated in this investigation. Each player performed a MAS test on 3 separate occasions during the preseason, to determine reliability and provide baseline data, and participated in 6 competitive games during the early stages of the season. Game data were collected using global positioning system technology. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in total distance covered was observed between games. Relationships between players' MAS and the average distance covered from 6 competitive games were explored using Pearson's correlation coefficients, with MAS performance showing a strong relationship with distance covered during match play (r = 0.746, p < 0.001). Significantly greater (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.29) distances were covered by backs (6,544 ± 573 m) compared with the forwards (4,872 ± 857 m) during a game. Similarly, backs recorded a significantly (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.20) higher MAS (4.9 ± 0.13 m·s−1) compared with the forwards (4.2 ± 0.43 m·s−1). Results of the study illustrate the importance of developing high levels of aerobic fitness to increase the distance that the athlete covers in the game.
Physical Attributes and NFL Combine Performance Tests Between Italian National League and American Football Players: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vitale Jacopo A. , Caumo Andrea , Roveda Eliana , Montaruli Angela , La Torre Antonio , Battaglini Claudio L. , Carandente Franca
Published: February 2016

Vitale, JA, Caumo, A, Roveda, E, Montaruli, A, La Torre, A, Battaglini, CL, and Carandente, F. Physical attributes and NFL Combine performance tests between Italian National League and American football players: a comparative study. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2802–2808, 2016—The purpose of this study was to examine anthropometric measurements and the results of a battery of performance tests administered during the National Football League (NFL) Combine between American football players who were declared eligible to participate in the NFL Combine and football players of a top Italian team (Rhinos Milan). Participants (N = 50) were categorized by position into 1 of 3 groups based on playing position: skill players (SP) included wide receivers, cornerbacks, free safeties, strong safeties, and running backs; big skill players (BSP) consisted of fullbacks, linebackers, tight ends, and defensive ends; lineman (LM) included centers, offensive guards, offensive tackles, and defensive tackles. A 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test was used for comparisons between Italian players by playing position. Ninety-five percent CIs were used for comparisons between American and Italian football for the NFL Combine performance tests. Significant differences for all the variables between the 3 playing categories were observed among the Italian players; LM had higher anthropometric and body composition values than SP (p < 0.001) and BSP (p < 0.001), whereas LM performed significantly worse in the physical tests, except for the 225-lb bench press test when compared with SP (p < 0.002). American football players presented significantly higher anthropometric values and test performance scores when compared with Italian players. Administrators of professional football teams in Italy need to improve the player's physical attributes, so the gap that currently exists between American and Italian players can be reduced, which could significantly improve the quality of American football in Italy.
Acute Anabolic Response and Muscular Adaptation After Hypertrophy-Style and Strength-Style Resistance Exercise
Authors: Gonzalez Adam M.
Published: February 2016

Gonzalez, AM. Acute anabolic response and muscular adaptation after hypertrophy-style and strength-style resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2959–2964, 2016—Resistance training paradigms are often divided into protocols designed to promote an increase in either hypertrophy or strength. Hypertrophy-style protocols (HYPs) typically involve greater volume (3–6 sets; 8–12 repetitions), moderate intensities (<85% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), and short rest intervals (30–90 seconds), whereas strength-style protocols (STRs) typically involve higher intensities (≥85% 1RM), low volumes (2–6 sets; ≤6 repetitions), and longer rest intervals (3–5 minutes). However, the literature supporting such classifications is surprisingly sparse in trained individuals, and the distinct classifications of such protocols may be an oversimplification. Thus, the purpose of this review was to examine the acute anabolic responses and training-induced muscular adaptations after HYP and STR styles of resistance exercise in trained individuals. Despite the classification of training paradigms, HYP and STR resistance training routines appear to elicit similar magnitudes of muscle growth, although STR routines appear to be more conducive to increasing strength in resistance-trained individuals. Current evidence suggests that the classification of HYP and STR is an oversimplification, and practitioners are advised to look beyond the classification of resistance exercise protocols when aiming to elicit specific physiological responses.
Development of additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in pediatric patients originally diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency due to organic causes
Authors: Child Christopher J , Blum Werner F , Deal Cheri , Zimmermann Alan G , Quigley Charmian A , Drop Stenvert L S , Cutler Gordon B , Rosenfeld Ron G
Published: February 2016

Objective

To determine characteristics of children initially diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) of organic aetiology, who later developed multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD).

Design

Data were analysed for 716 growth hormone-treated children with organic IGHD, who were growth hormone-naïve at baseline in the multinational, observational Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study.

Methods

Development of MPHD was ascertained from investigator-provided diagnoses, adverse events and concomitant medications. Analyses were performed for all patients and separately for those who developed MPHD within 4.5 years or had >3.5 years follow-up and continued to have IGHD (4-year cohort).

Results

MPHD developed in 71/716 (9.9%) children overall, and in 60/290 (20.7%) in the 4-year cohort. The most frequent additional deficiencies were thyroid-stimulating hormone (47 patients) and gonadotropins (23 patients). Compared with those who remained with IGHD, children who developed MPHD had more severe GHD at study entry, significantly lower baseline insulin-like growth factor1, peak stimulated growth hormone, and more frequent diagnosis of intracranial tumour or mutation of gene(s) controlling hypothalamic–pituitary development and/or function. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified female gender, longer follow-up, higher baseline age and lower peak stimulated growth hormone as predictors of MPHD development.

Conclusions

MPHD is more likely to develop in patients with severe organic IGHD, especially those with history of intracranial tumour or mutation of gene(s) controlling hypothalamic–pituitary development and/or function. Older baseline age, female gender and longer follow-up duration were also associated with higher incidence of MPHD. Long-term monitoring of pituitary function is recommended, irrespective of the aetiology of GHD.
Activin A and follistatin during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in ewes
Authors: O'Connell Anne R , McNatty Kenneth P , Hurst Peter R , Spencer Thomas E , Bazer Fuller W , Reader Karen L , Johnstone Peter D , Davis George H , Juengel Jennifer L
Published: February 2016

The activin pathway has been postulated to be involved in regulation of multiple reproductive processes important for survival of the conceptus. These processes include luteinisation of the follicular cells and thus function of the corpus luteum, early embryo development and uterine function including implantation of the conceptus. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether the concentrations of activin A and follistatin (FST), an activin-binding protein, differed between ewes with a lifetime history of enhanced or reduced embryonic survival (ES). The mRNAs encoding FST and activin A (inhibin beta A subunit; INHBA) were present in the uterus and abundant in the uterine luminal or glandular epithelia by day 18 of gestation. A peak of activin A was observed in the systemic circulation around the time of oestrus, and activin A concentrations were elevated in animals with reduced ES during the oestrous cycle and early gestation. Concentrations of activin A in uterine fluid were approximately twofold greater on day 16 of gestation in ewes with reduced ES compared to those with enhanced ES. No consistent differences in FST were observed between these groups. Treatment of luteinising ovine granulosa cells with activin A in vitro suppressed progesterone secretion providing evidence of a potential pathway whereby increased concentrations of activin A may decrease ES.
En los orígenes de la Espiritualidad de la liberación
Authors: Solano Pinzón Orlando , Rincón Andrade Mauricio
Published: February 2016

Este artículo realiza un acercamiento al origen de la Espiritualidad de la liberación, centrando la atención en el contexto histórico que involucra tanto acontecimientos, entre ellos los movimientos sociales de la década del sesenta del siglo anterior en el marco de los cuales se gesta y empieza a configurar sus rasgos, como personajes significativos, cuya particularidad común no es la centralidad del discurso social o teológico, sino, más bien, una vivencia de su fe que asume la realidad y se expresa en una espiritualidad y una teología coherentes con esa experiencia fundamental, la cual fue dando cuerpo a una manera particular de vivir la fidelidad a la acción del Espíritu de cara a los desafíos propios de la realidad latinoamericana. La aproximación a la fuente de la Espiritualidad de la liberación tiene el ánimo de recuperar la sensibilidad al dinamismo del Espíritu en el hoy de nuestra realidad histórica.
La religión bajo la perspectiva evolucionista de Daniel Dennett
Authors: Ramírez Téllez Alberto
Published: February 2016

La intención que guía este trabajo es caracterizar la posición que Dennett, desde su perspectiva de la teoría evolutiva, asume frente a la religión. Bajo una metodología descriptiva este artículo da a conocer el escenario desde el cual Dennett estudia la religión en medio de grandes avances científicos y del resquebrajamiento de las formas institucionales, entendiendo que, si bien su crítica, por darse fuera de las líneas rectoras de una reflexión tradicional del fenómeno religioso, puede parecer infundada, ella va a incidir, se quiera o no, gracias a la gran divulgación del pensamiento de Dennett, en la percepción que van a tener no solo las personas de la calle, sino incluso los nuevos teóricos de la religión. La crítica de Dennett a la religión no agota sin embargo, una gran convicción: si bien la persona sale del mundo, de la materialidad y de la animalidad, se levanta y emerge por encima del mundo de la cultura y de la libertad en busca de su último sentido, que merece ser llamado Dios.
Reflexión crítica en torno al hecho religioso
Authors: Rengifo Carpintero John Alexis , Díaz Caicedo Carmen Helena
Published: February 2016

El hecho religioso, como objeto de estudio, es un acontecimiento que ha de ser abordado desde distintos enfoques disciplinarios si se quiere adentrar en su comprensión más amplia. Por ello, este artículo es un bosquejo investigativo de tal hecho bajo el horizonte conceptual de su origen dogmático-teológico, el de su acción socio-cultural y el del marco de referencia reflexivo filosófico, horizontes que dan cuerpo, cada uno y en su orden, a un apartado, desde los cuales se piensa como acontecimiento que cumple una doble finalidad:la de sacar al hombre de su ser precario, su biología carencial; y la de mostrar que este siempre, en todo momento y lugar, se dirige al mismo fin, brindarle la esperanza al hombre de su propia trascendencia. Pero a un terrible costo, la pérdida del juicio crítico. Cada uno de estos horizontes de análisis da cuerpo a un apartado.
Traducción: ¿Existe el ateísmo? Entrevista a Philippe Sollers
Authors: Salgado Sergio
Published: February 2016

La entrevista aborda el tema del silencio del ateismo frente la realidad contemporánea del creer y su influencia en diferentes campos sociales.
Reseña: La Trinidad y un mundo entrelazado. Relacionalidad en las ciencias físicas y la teología
Authors: Pérez Prieto Victorino
Published: February 2016

Reseña del libro La Trinidad y un mundo entrelazado. Relacionalidad en las ciencias físicas y la teología, de John Polkinghorne (Ed.). (2013). Verbo Divino, Estella.
CASO 20-2015: Actinomicosis pélvica: Relación con Dispositivos Intrauterinos
Authors: Sánchez Guzmán Ana Victoria , Mora Calderón Angie
Published: February 2016

La infección por actinomyces ha sido llamada ¨la gran imitadora¨ en la práctica clínica. Produce un cuadro clínico ambiguo e inespecífico por lo que su diagnóstico es complejo. Su relación con los dispositivos intrauterinos esta ampliamente estudiada. Esta exposición, de un caso clínico del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital México, ejemplifica de forma muy acertada la complejidad diagnóstica  de esta patología, sus características histológicas y su correlación estrecha con los dispositivosintrauterinos.
TEMA 16-2015:Actualización en bronquiectasias
Authors: Acón Ramírez Elizabeth , Rodríguez Sánchez Orlando
Published: February 2016

Bronquiectasias se define como la dilatación bronquial irreversible que refleja la vía final común de una variedad de enfermedades subyacentes e insultos pulmonares no relacionados. Es una patología poco frecuente pero puede ser devastadora, con una alta tasa de morbimortalidad. Múltiples condiciones, congénitas o adquiridas predisponen al desarrollo de bronquiectasias, enfermedad que usualmente se presenta con tos productiva crónica y esputo viscoso. Datos demográficos, reportes de laboratorio, síntomas asociados y hallazgos en imágenes médicas guían el diagnóstico y dirigen hacia la sospecha de ciertas etiologías. El objetivo primordial del tratamiento consiste en limitar el círculo de infección- inflamación y por ende reducir el daño a la vía aérea, la sintomatología, el número de exacerbaciones y finalmente mejorar la calidad de vida.
SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE PRODUCTION THROUGH MORE EFFICIENT SYSTEMS OF SOIL MAINTENANCE AND AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
Authors: DOBREI Alin , DOBREI Alina Georgeta , NISTOR Eleonora , STANCIU Sorin , MOATĂR Mihaela , SALA Florin
Published: February 2016

Tillage practices in viticulture are very important, with major effects on quantitative and qualitative production, on vines phenology and stages of growth. In this study the aim was to identify the most appropriate vineyard floor management, located on flat land or mild slopes, with medium or high soils fertility. The research was carried out during 2011–2013 in the vineyard of the BUASVM Didactic Station from Timisoara and focusing exclusively on several variants of soil maintenance in order to replace the need for manual labor. Leaf area was estimated by concentric circles method and sugar concentration was evaluated by refractometry. Total acidity in must and wine was determined by titration. Grape yield was estimated by bunches counting and weighing, for each variety and productive potential (kg ha-1) was appreciated by multiplying the average yield per vine with the number of vines per hectare. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Performance of Burgundy variety for superior red wines group and Silvania table grape variety – with a medium ripening, were analyzed in the experiment. For both Burgundy and Silvania varieties the sixth variant (V6–bare soil by tillage middles row (tractor and rotary hoe)/rotary hoe undervine (tractor and adjustable offset rotary tiller) registered the highest grape yield during the research. The lowest grape yield fulfils to the seventh variant of vineyard floor management. Burgundy variety had the average must sugar content of 195 ± 4.27 g l-1 and that of the leaf area of 7.09 ± 0.58 m2 while in Silvania variety the average of grape must acidity was 4.66 ± 0.35 g l-1 H2SO4 and the leaf area of 7.42 ± 0.51 m2/vine. Between must sugar content and leaf area, in Burgundy and Silvania variety has been established a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.94 ***) and (r = 0.88 **; p <0.001) respectively, variables being virtually indistinguishable.
HYGIENIC SANITARY ESTIMATION OF MAIZE SILAGE IN DAIRY FARMS IN LITHUANIA
Authors: JOVAIŠIENĖ Jurgita , BAKUTIS Bronius , BALIUKONIENĖ Violeta , KAČERGIUS Audrius , PAŠKEVIČIUS Algimantas , GERULIS Gediminas
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to estimate maize silage hygienic sanitary parameters, contamination with mycotoxins in dairy farms in Lithuania. In 2011–2012 maize silage samples were collected from 20 dairy farms: prior to ensiling and 3 and 8 months after ensiling. In maize samples, prior to ensiling, L. monocytogenes was detected 25.0 % and after 3 months of ensiling – 10 %. Average of yeast and filamentous fungi in raw material samples were respectively – 71.39 ± 32.17 and 47.67 ± 18.31 CFU/g, after 3 months – 50.06 ± 16.09 CFU/g and 28.27 ± 13.18, after 8 months – 213.81 ± 55.98 and 215.08 ± 56.16 CFU/g. In raw maize dominated Fusarium spp. and in silage – Aspergillus, Penicillium spp. Average of lactic acid bacteria – 189.01 ± 57.79 (3 months after ensilage) and 436.11 ± 93.97 CFU/g (8 months after ensilage). Compared prior to ensilage and 3 and 8 months after ensilage maize samples, higher mycotoxins concentrations of DON – 36.96 % (P < 0.05) and ZEA – 77.32 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 3 month after ensilage, T-2 toxin – 72.69 % (P < 0.05), AFL – 94.31 % (P < 0.05) were detected in 8 month after ensilage. Concentration of OTA was higher 34.99 % (P > 0.05) in samples after 3 months of ensiling. Dry matter and pH respectively: prior to ensiling – 36.96 % and 5.26, 3 months after ensiling – 33.17 % and 3.84, 8 months after ensiling – 40.52 % and 3.91. The current results indicate the presence of yeast, viable fungi spores and mycotoxins AFL (total), ZEA, DON, T-2 and OTA contamination in maize silage in Lithuania.
INFRARED DRYING OF RHUBARBS CUBES
Authors: ABOLTINS Aivars , PALABINSKIS Janis
Published: February 2016

In order to obtain dehydrated products of high quality, infrared drying in rhubarb cubes was researched at different sample thicknesses with IR film drying possibilities with small heating up to 40 oC. The drying characteristics of rhubarb cubes were studied using non-linear multiple regression analysis. Using experimental data, the two arguments non-linear equation was obtained to evaluate the drying time and sample thickness effect on rhubarb moisture. The determination coefficient of this correlation was R2 = 0.98. The results indicated that after 20 hours drying rhubarb samples with thickness 0.5 cm are dried up to 2 %, samples with 1 cm and 2 cm thickness dried up to 17 % and 25 % correspondingly. 1 cm thick rhubarb samples temperature rose from 24 oC to 33 oC during the experiment. With decreasing moisture of the product more infrared energy is used to warm the body and less for water evaporation.
MULCHING IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF OIL PUMPKIN’S (CUCURBITA PEPO L.) FRUIT
Authors: ČERNIAUSKIENĖ Judita , KULAITIENĖ Jurgita , DANILČENKO Honorata , JARIENĖ Elvyra
Published: February 2016

Nutritious value of great (Cucurbita maxima) and musky (Cucurbita moschata) pumpkin pulp has been widely investigated, but chemical and qualitative analysis of pulp of oil pumpkin fruits has been superficial so far. The aim of two years research – to investigate the influence of compost/organic mulch to the quality of organically grown oil seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fruit quality. In 2013–2014, in Kaunas district farm, oil seed pumpkins cultivars 'Heracles', 'Hamlet', 'Danaja' were grown for research. The aim of two years research – to investigate the influence of compost/organic mulch to the quality of organically grown oil seed pumpkin fruit. Pumpkin seedlings were mulched with 5 and 10 cm thick layer of compost mulch. Standard methods were applied to identify the following: dry matter, soluble dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and amounts of MADF, NDF, ADF fibre and crude in the pumpkin flesh. The results have determined that 5 and 10 cm compost mulch layer had a significant effect on the amount of dry matter in the pumpkin flesh. Basically, mulching has increased the amount of soluble dry matter in the pumpkin flesh. Crude protein accumulation in the fruit flesh was essentially affected by 5 cm thick layer of compost. Mulching with 5 and 10 cm compost layer has significantly increased the amount of crude fibre in 'Hamlet' and 'Heracles' cultivars. 5 and 10 cm compost mulch had a significant effect on the amount of crude ash. According to the researched indicators set parameters in ecologic system of the researched oil-seed pumpkins, the best cultivator to be grown with organic mulching is 'Hamlet'.
Modified method of ostium intubation after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: At’kova Evgeniya L’vovna , Krakhovetskiy Vasiliy Dmitrievich , Yartsev Nikolay Nikolaevich
Published: February 2016

Introduction. The use of bicanalicular lacrimal implants designed to prevent ostium scarring after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EEDCR) may cause a number of complications. The use of Monoka monocanalicular implants (FCI, France) after EEDCR is not covered in the Russian scientific literature at all. Methods. 61 EEDCRs were performed in 56 patients with lacrimal pathway (LP) obstruction at the level of lacrimal sac cervix. In 29 cases, a new method of ostium intubation with two Monoka monocanalicular lacrimal implants (FCI, France) (that was proposed by the authors) was applied (group 1). In the remaining 32 cases, Bika bicanalicular implants (FCI, France) were used (group 2). Besides routine dacryological assessment, all patients underwent multislice computed tomography (MSCT), in which was LP were contrast-enhanced according to an original technique. Before being enrolled in either group, patients were standardized according to proposed criteria, which were based on the MSCT ones. LP extubation was performed 3 months after surgery. The follow-up period was 12 months. The following parameters were evaluated: subjective epiphora (Munk’s scale), dye test results, LP patency (irrigation test), and the shape of the ostium (nasal endoscopy). Results. Judging from the results of a comprehensive examination; favorable outcomes were achieved in 89.7% (26 cases) of patients from group 1, and in 90.6% (29 cases) of patients from group 2. In group 2, a number of complications were observed: lacrimal implant dislocation (3 cases, 9.4%), corneal epitheliopathy (2 cases, 6.2%), toxic allergic conjunctivitis (2 cases, 6.2%), lacrimal canaliculi dissection (1 case, 3.1%), lacrimal point ectopy (1 case, 3.1%), granulations within lacrimal canaliculi (1 case, 3.1%), and pterygium progression (1 case, 3.1%). In group 1, neither of the above mentioned complications occurred. Conclusion. For ostium intubation after EEDCR, with two Monoka monocanalicular lacrimal implants (FCI, France) passed through both the upper and lower lacrimal canaliculi is preferable in comparison with bicanalicular intubation using «Bika» (FCI, France).
The role of genetically determined factors in age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis
Authors: Belekhova Svetlana Georgievna , Astakhov Yury Sergeevich
Published: February 2016

The article presents a review of studies dedicated to the role of genetic factors in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. The polymorphisms of Y402H gene of the complement factor Н, HTRA1, ARMS2/LOC387715, and PLEKHA1 increase the risk of AMD development. More detailed description is done also for other genes, involved into this disease, which were identified so far. Possible schemes of influence of mutations in these genes on AMD development and progression
Vitrum Vision Forte therapy effect in patients with accommodative asthenopia
Authors: Astakhov Yury Sergeyevich , Lisochkina Alla Borisovna , Nechiporenko Pavel Andreevich , Titarenko Aleksandra Ivanovna
Published: February 2016

The article presents the results of observational study of Vitrum Vision Forte efficacy in patients with accommodative asthenopia. The changes in asthenopic complaints, Mesotest and computer accomodography data were measured. A decrease in asthenopic complaints’ incidence and severity, a statistically significant increase in mesopic vision and glare sensitivity, a statistically significant reduction in ciliary muscle microfluctuations and accommodative response stability increase were observed.
The role of antimicrobial drops Okomistin® in combined chronic blepharoconjunctivitis treatment
Authors: Makarov Igor Anatilevich
Published: February 2016

Purpose. The evaluation of antimicrobial drops Okomistin® efficacy in combined treatment of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. Material and methods. 80 patients (160 eyes) with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis were monitored. Demodex acne was found in eyelids of 72 eyes, the growth of saprophytic microflora in 28 cases. The complex of treatment and prevention measures consisted of daily compresses of Сalendula aqueous solution, instillations of Okomistin® eye drops, artificial tears. In the research group, the ultrasound eyelid margin micromassage was performed, and eyelid D’Arsonval therapy in demodex acne cases. Results. More rapid acute illness relief was observed in the eyes of patients in whom physiotherapy treatment was performed. Okomistin® instillations allow achieving sterile conjunctival culture in 3-5 days. Combined therapy helps to restore meibomian gland function, to achieve long-term disease remission. Conclusions. Combined use of the Okomistin®, physiotherapy, hygiene procedures, artificial tears is an effective and safe treatment method for chronic blepharoconjunctivitis combined treatment.
Chile, Colombia, México y Perú: la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: Rojas Lozano Daniel
Published: February 2016

Reseña del libro:PASTRANA, E. y GEHRING, H. (eds.) (2014). Alianza del Pacífico: mitos y realidades. Cali: Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali. 620 pp.
“Vicarious” Liability of The Employer In Sexual Harassment Cases: A Comparative Study
Authors: Smit Dr DM
Published: February 2016

The author doesn't give any abstract
Challenging Assumptions in Learning Analytics
Authors: Dawson Shane , Gasevic Dragan , Mirriahi Negin
Published: February 2016

This final issue for 2015 includes a special section of invited papers from the recent Learning Analytics and Knowledge conference (LAK15). The collected papers connect with the conference theme of “Scaling up: Big data to Big Impact” and reflect the emerging trends and future directions of learning analytics research.
Learning Analytics: From Big Data to Meaningful Data
Authors: Merceron Agathe , Blikstein Paulo , Siemens George
Published: February 2016

This article introduces the special issue from the 2015 Learning Analytics and Knowledge conference. We describe the current state of the field, and identify some of the trends in recent research. As the field continues to expand,it seems that there are at least three directions of vigorous growth: the inclusion of multimodal data (gesture, eye-tracking, biosensors, etc.), the diversification of learning environments (MOOCs, classrooms, and hands-on learning environments.), and new types of research questions as researchers begin to consider a broader set of learning-related constructs (moving away, for example, from the focus on student retention.)
LATUX: an Iterative Workflow for Designing, Validating and Deploying Learning Analytics Visualisations
Authors: Martinez-Maldonado Roberto , Pardo Abelardo , Mirriahi Negin , Yacef Kalina , Kay Judy , Clayphan Andrew
Published: February 2016

Designing, validating and deploying learning analytics tools for instructors or students is a challenge that requires techniques and methods from different disciplines, such as software engineering, human-computer interaction, computer graphics, educational design and psychology. Whilst each of these disciplines has established its own design methodologies, there is a need for methodological frameworks that meet the specific demands of the cross-disciplinary space defined by learning analytics. In particular there is no systematic workflow for producing learning analytics tools that are both technologically feasible and truly underpin the learning experience. In this paper, we present a set of guiding principles and recommendations derived from the LATUX workflow. LATUX is a five-stage workflow to design, validate and deploy awareness interfaces in technology-enabled learning environments. LATUX is grounded on a well-established design process for creating, testing and re-designing user interfaces. We extend this process by integrating the pedagogical requirements, to guide the design of learning analytics visualisations that can inform instructors’ pedagogical decisions or intervention strategies. The workflow is illustrated with a case study in which collaborative activities were deployed in a real classroom. Finally, the paper proposes a research agenda to support designers and implementers of learning analytics interfaces.
Consistent Commitment: Patterns of Engagement across Time in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
Authors: Ferguson Rebecca , Clow Doug
Published: February 2016

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are being used across the world to provide millions of learners with access to education. Many who begin these courses complete them successfully, or to their own satisfaction, but the high numbers who do not finish remain a subject of concern. In 2013, a team from Stanford University analysed engagement patterns on three MOOCs run on the Coursera platform. They found four distinct patterns of engagement that emerged from MOOCs based on videos and assessments. Subsequent studies on the FutureLearn platform, which is underpinned by social-constructivist pedagogy, indicate that patterns of engagement in these massive learning environments are influenced by decisions about pedagogy and learning design. This paper reports on two of these studies of learner engagement with FutureLearn courses. Study One first tries, not wholly successfully, to replicate the findings of the Coursera study in a new context. It then uses the same methodological approach to identify patterns of learner engagement on the FutureLearn platform, and indicates how these patterns are influenced by pedagogy and elements of learning design. Study Two investigates whether these patterns of engagement are stable on subsequent presentations of the same courses. Two patterns are found consistently in this and other work: samplers who visit briefly, and completers who fully engage with the course. The paper concludes by exploring the implications for both research and practice.
Relationship Between Biotype and Bone Morphology in the Lower Anterior Mandible: An Observational Study
Authors: Ghassemian Marjan , Lajolo Carlo , Semeraro Vittorio , Giuliani Michele , Verdugo Fernando , Pirronti Tommaso , D’Addona Antonio
Published: February 2016

Background: Different clinical parameters have been advocated as potential predictors of alveolar and basal jawbone morphology. The aim of this study is to describe, by tomographic means, alveolar and basal osseous dimensions of the anterior mandible in healthy individuals and evaluate potential correlations with biotype, along with other clinical parameters.

Methods: One hundred consecutive healthy patients needing surgery in the posterior mandible were enrolled in this observational study (group 1 = 50 patients with thin biotype; group 2 = 50 patients with thick biotype). Data were collected for: 1) Little irregularity index for anterior crowding; 2) molar and canine class relationship; 3) previous orthodontic treatment; 4) gingival recession; and 5) band of keratinized gingiva for each of the six anterior mandibular teeth (#22 through #27). At the most mid‐buccal computerized tomography slice of each tooth, other parameters were measured, including: 1) distance from the cemento‐enamel junction to the bone crest; 2) tooth torque (TT); 3) labial cortical bone thickness (BT) for alveolar and basal bone; and 4) BT 5 and 10 mm apical to the tooth apex. Data were statistically analyzed, and significance was set at P ≤0.05.

Results: Mean thickness of alveolar bone ranged from 6.66 to 4.51 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 1.46 for tooth #27; SD = 1.01 for tooth #25) whereas mean thickness of basal bone ranged from 8.9 to 8.2 mm (SD = 2.06 for tooth #22; SD = 2.06 for tooth #26). Mean thickness of bone at 5 mm from apex ranged from 11.94 to 10.47 mm (SD = 2.96 for tooth #25; SD = 2.22 for tooth #22), whereas mean thickness of bone at 10 mm from apex ranged from 13.75 to 11.08 mm (SD = 2.79 for tooth #25; SD = 2.53 for tooth #27). No statistically significant differences were detected among biotypes, whereas: 1) TT, 2) age, and 3) smoking habit were often predictors of reduction in BT in a multiple linear regression model. Male sex was often a predictor of positive changes in BT, and previous orthodontic therapy was a protective factor against developing bone loss >5 mm.

Conclusions: Although some differences were detected among biotypes, data indicate that biotype does not play a fundamental role in influencing alveolar BT, whereas other variables (i.e., TT, sex, age, and smoking habit) do influence alveolar BT. Further studies are needed to better understand the extent of influence of each clinical variable.
Uma experiência de formação de Professores em torno do conhecimento histórico-educacional na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Authors: Gatti Júnior Décio
Published: February 2016

Este artigo reflete sobre uma experiência de ensino da disciplina História da Educação em cursos de formação de professores na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia entre 1994 e 2014. Em termos internacionais e nacionais, a disciplina tem alcançado sucesso no âmbito da investigação, mas, no âmbito do ensino, observa-se que ela sofre redução de carga horária, ou mesmo desaparece dos currículos. Uma experiência de ensino que, a princípio, tem alcançado êxito, soma esforços de construção de um programa disciplinar ajustado aos interesses dos alunos e que se conjugue aos propósitos formativos. Depreendem-se dessa experiência de ensino as potencialidades advindas do emprego de diferentes fontes de informação, tais como textos, filmes e iconografia, sob um eixo articulador, que tem conseguido estimular o interesse dos alunos, vencendo preconceitos e levando-os a apoiar a permanência da disciplina nos currículos de formação de professores.
As Narrativas históricas gráficas como expressão da aprendizagem histórica de jovens estudantes do ensino médio – Perspectivas da Educação Histórica
Authors: Fronza Marcelo
Published: February 2016

Este artigo investiga como os jovens estudantes de ensino médio brasileiros expressam sua consciência histórica com base em suas narrativas históricas gráficas. Tem como objetivo oferecer aproximações teóricas sobre como é possível abordar, dentro da Educação Histórica, as histórias em quadrinhos construídas pelos estudantes considerando as discussões sobre narrativa histórica como formas de aprendizagem histórica ligadas aos tipos de disposição da consciência histórica desses sujeitos. Buscou-se compreender se os conceitos de intersubjetividade e verdade, ligados à identidade histórica dos jovens, interferem na orientação de sentido no tempo quando eles produzem suas próprias narrativas históricas gráficas.
A leitura de textos literáros no Ensino de História escolar: entrelaçando percursos metodológicos para o trato com os conceitos de Tempo e Espaço
Authors: Leopoldino Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2016

O artigo destaca a importância da literatura infantil para o ensino de História escolar. Partindo das produções já elaboradas sobre os nexos entre história e literatura, seu intuito é pensar algumas facetas dessa questão metodológica destacando como a literatura infantil, concebida em sua potencialidade como narrativa historiográfica e, ao mesmo tempo, como objeto possível ou necessário da compreensão de narrativas sobre o passado, pode ajudar no esforço de significar os conceitos de tempo e espaço no ensino fundamental.
O Currículo Mínimo, o Ensino de História e o Sistema Estadual de Avaliação no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: reflexões sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem na escola básica
Authors: Da Silva Cabral Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o processo de implementação, a partir de 2012, do Currículo Mínimo proposto pela Secretaria de Educação e Cultura, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Focaliza-se o impacto dessa política educacional no cotidiano escolar, especificamente nas aulas de História do Ensino Fundamental II, com vistas a compreender a maneira como os professores têm organizado a transmissão do conhecimento histórico escolar, bem como seu processo de avaliação nas salas de aula. Tomando como fontes documentais os registros elaborados por licenciandos de História em atividades de Estágio Supervisionado realizadas nas escolas públicas estaduais, bem como os documentos produzidos no âmbito da Seeduc/RJ, constatamos que os professores têm dirigido atenção aos exercícios do Saerjinho e do Saerj durante as aulas de História.
Conexões entre escola e universidade: o PIBID e as estratégias de residência docente
Authors: Seffner Fernando , Meinerz Carla Beatriz , De Vargas Gil Carmem Zeli , Pacievitch Caroline , Mullet Pereira Nilton
Published: February 2016

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar algumas reflexões produzidas no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), subprojeto de História, promovido na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). O programa em questão visa a construção de uma parceria entre Universidade e Escola, capaz de apostar em novas posturas pedagógicas que podem se desenvolver no interior da escola e que repercutem na formação inicial dos licenciandos. Privilegiamos uma categoria conceitual: perceber o PIBID como uma experiência de residência docente, a partir das articulações ou parcerias, operando com a ideia de que o sucesso da estratégia de ação do PIBID reside, em grande parte, no fato de aproximar a formação inicial e a formação continuada, colocando a possibilidade de sua formação como um todo acontecer em tempos e espaços simultâneos. Ao perceber a escola como espaço privilegiado para esse encontro, pensamos redefinir os limites do que consiste a formação inicial e a continuada. Desse modo, a escola se revela também como espaço de formação de novos atores para a cena da sala de aula.
Entrevista com Gonzalo de Amézola - "Esquizohistoria": a complexidade das relações entre a História produzida pelos historiadores e aquela ensinada nas escolas de Educação Básica
Authors: Lima dos Santos Maria Aparecida , De Azevedo Patrícia Bastos
Published: February 2016

A entrevista com o professor e pesquisador Dr. Gustavo de Amézola, docente de Prática de Ensino de História na Universidade de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina, foi realizada com o objetivo de divulgar sua reflexão em torno das questões que, historicamente, marcaram as relações entre a História produzida nas universidades e aquela gestada na sala de aula. A partir de seu livro intitulado Esquizohistoria: la historia que se enseña en la escuela, la que preocupa a los historiadores y una renovación posible de la historia escolar, foram abordados temas relacionados à história da disciplina de História e sua imbricação com a historiografia e com as práticas políticas dos governantes de seu país. Também foram enfocados a temática da formação de professores, as reformas do sistema educativo argentino nas duas últimas décadas e os principais aspectos que, do seu ponto de vista, constituem- se como desafios para o ensino de História na contemporaneidade.
Apresentação • Dossiê
Authors: Maria de Castro Gomes Ângela , Regina de Luca Tania
Published: February 2016

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Energy 360: Invited Perspective: The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040
Authors: Haldorsen Helge Hove , Leach Patrick
Published: February 2016

President's column

Questions posed by 2015 SPE President Helge Hove Haldorsen

Answers provided by Theodore W. Pirog, Energy Advisor, Corporate Strategic Planning, Exxon Mobil Corporation and Robert Gardner, Manager, Economics and Energy Division, Corporate Strategic Planning, Exxon Mobil Corporation

ExxonMobil’s Long-term Global View of Energy Demand and Supply

Every year, a core team in ExxonMobil produces the acclaimed The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040. Based on historical data, current developments, trends, and assumptions about the future (e.g., how energy efficiencies will improve, the number of cars on the road going forward), the ExxonMobil team projects demand and supply for all energy sources, including fossil fuels and renewables, and the resulting global energy mix. For petroleum engineers, the outlook for global oil and gas demand is of particular interest. Are we in a sunset industry or not?

I sat down with ExxonMobil’s Rob Gardner and Ted Pirog to discuss a number of key issues that SPE members are keenly interested in. Their very interesting perspectives are presented below.

You have predicted the global energy future for quite some time. In hindsight, how do old predictions compare with actuals? For example, are the predictions made in 2000 for 2014 spot on?

ExxonMobil has been developing The Outlook for more than six decades, so we have a lot of experience on how our predictions compare. Over the past 15 years, we have seen numerous events that have dramatically changed energy supply and demand. For example, the surge in China’s economy, a global economic recession, the development of unconventional oil and gas, and the devastating tsunami in Japan with its ripple effect on nuclear power policies. To illustrate how The Outlook has held up over the past 15 years, our forecasts since 2000 for global energy in 2010 ran fairly consistently around 500 quadrillion Btu, averaging about 510 quads, or about 3% below 2010 actual results. Note that historical results are lagging and often restated, so we only have the benefit of the final data for 2010 as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Oil Price Plunge Requires Revised Completion Methods
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: February 2016

Well Completions

The plunge in well completions has exceeded the drop in the number of active drilling rigs, and operators are rethinking how they fracture wells now that oil is selling for half of what it did 6 months ago.

For Mike Vincent, an independent consultant who teaches fracturing courses, it led to a change in his lesson plans. “One class I am teaching this summer is titled, ‘How should we complete a well in a low-cost environment?’” he said. “We need to do things differently. There should be a different optimal design if a well is drilled when oil is USD 50/bbl versus USD 100/bbl.”

Financially the goal is simple: find a way to earn an acceptable profit on each dollar invested.

“When oil is worth more than USD 100, we can spend more to squeeze those incremental barrels out. When it is USD 50 a barrel, you should spend less money going after incremental opportunities,” Vincent said.

The alternative is to not complete the well after it has been drilled, and there has been a surge in companies making that choice. “The pullback has been a lot more severe than anticipated,” said Brad Baker, vice president of production enhancement for Baker Hughes. “The completion side is even bleaker than the drilling side.”

“We anticipated a decline in completions in 2015, but we have already seen a more rapid drop than anticipated in the first quarter,” he said. There has been a growing backlog of wells drilled but not completed. The reasons for continued drilling include contracts committing operators to pay, even if drilling stops, and lease terms requiring drilling to maintain the lease.