bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immersive Learning in Photovoltaic Energy Education: A Comprehensive Review of Virtual Reality Applications
Authors: Alqallaf Noor , Ghannam Rami
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic review of virtual reality (VR) as an innovative educational tool specifically for solar photovoltaic energy systems. VR technology, with its immersive and interactive capabilities, offers a unique platform for in-depth learning and practical training in the field of solar energy. The use of VR in this context not only enhances the understanding of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems but also provides a hands-on experience that is crucial for developing the necessary skills in this rapidly evolving field. Among the 6814 articles initially identified, this systematic review specifically examined 15 articles that focused on the application of VR in PV education. These selected articles demonstrate VR’s ability to accurately simulate real-world environments and scenarios related to solar energy, providing an in-depth exploration of its practical applications in this field. By offering a realistic and detailed exploration of PV systems, VR enables learners to gain a deeper understanding of harnessing, managing and using such a vast energy resource. The paper further discusses the implications of employing VR in educational settings, highlighting its potential to change the way solar energy professionals are trained, thereby contributing significantly to the acceleration of photovoltaic technology adoption and its integration into sustainable energy solutions.
Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Recycled Fine Aggregates on the Multi-Generational Cycle Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Wu Heng , Liu Xibin , Ma Xirui , Liu Guifeng
Published: March 2024

In order to investigate the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the recyclable properties of multi-generation recycled concrete, the physical properties of multi-generation recycled fine aggregate and the mechanical properties of multi-generation recycled concrete with different dosages of MWCNTs were tested, and the enhancement mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the apparent density of multi-generation recycled fine aggregate with 0.05 wt% MWCNTs was increased by 1.04~2.03%, the crushing value was decreased by 38.21~49.45%, the compressive strength of the concrete prepared by it was increased by 11.11~18.96%, the splitting tensile strength was increased by 10~43.94%, the flexural strength was increased by 13.62~22.23%, and the mechanical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Combined with the scanning electron microscope image analysis, the MWCNTs can fill the pores inside the specimen, bridge the cracks, and retard the decrease in concrete strength after multi-generation recycling.
Building Stock Models for Embodied Carbon Emissions—A Review of a Nascent Field
Authors: Hu Ming , Ghorbany Siavash
Published: March 2024

Building stock modeling emerges as a critical tool in the strategic reduction of embodied carbon emissions, which is pivotal in reshaping the evolving construction sector. This review provides an overall view of modern methodologies in building stock modeling, homing in on the nuances of embodied carbon analysis in construction. Examining 23 seminal papers, our study delineates two primary modeling paradigms—top-down and bottom-up—each further compartmentalized into five innovative methods. This study points out the challenges of data scarcity and computational demands, advocating for methodological advancements that promise to refine the precision of building stock models. A groundbreaking trend in recent research is the incorporation of machine learning algorithms, which have demonstrated remarkable capacity, improving stock classification accuracy by 25% and urban material quantification by 40%. Furthermore, the application of remote sensing has revolutionized data acquisition, enhancing data richness by a factor of five. This review offers a critical examination of current practices and charts a course toward an environmentally prudent future. It underscores the transformative impact of building stock modeling in driving ecological stewardship in the construction industry, positioning it as a cornerstone in the quest for sustainability and its significant contribution toward the grand vision of an eco-efficient built environment.
On-Machine Measurement as a Factor Affecting the Sustainability of the Machining Process
Authors: Krawczyk Bartłomiej , Szablewski Piotr , Gapiński Bartosz , Wieczorowski Michał , Khan Rehan
Published: March 2024

One of the key aspects of the automation of machining processes is the elimination of manual measurements. This is crucial in the production of precision parts, where the absence of in-process control can lead to an increased number of non-compliant parts, resulting in financial losses for the company. In addition to economic considerations, environmental care is a fundamental requirement for manufacturing companies. While many efforts focus on finding environmentally friendly coolants or reducing machining time, researchers often overlook the impact of the measurement method on the balanced development of machining. The conditions inside CNC machines are quite demanding in terms of maintaining measurement stability. For this reason, this paper presents a comparative study of two types of machine inspection probes. The influence of the measurement axis and the effect of returning the probe to the magazine on the accuracy of the measurement were examined. This study revealed that the probe with a kinematic resistive design has a higher measurement uncertainty (2.7 µm) than a probe based on strain gauges (0.6 µm). This paper emphasizes the positive impact of the conducted activity on the sustainability of machining, highlighting benefits such as resource savings, energy savings, and positive effects on the health and safety of operators.
Management of Strategic Risks for the Sustainability of SMEs in the Manufacturing Sector in Antioquia
Authors: Jiménez Andrea , Arrieta Yennifer , Nuñez Maria Antonia , Villanueva Eduart
Published: March 2024

Strategic risk management impacts organizations’ competitive advantage; it is an opportunity for growth, anticipation, and sustainability. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are significantly exposed to these risks and are a fundamental part of the current business fabric. This research aims to analyze the management of strategic risks for the sustainability of SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Antioquia. A qualitative methodology was used for the development, and ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of the selected SMEs. The results show that strategic risk management contributes to the sustainability of SMEs across economic, social, and environmental pillars. The strategic risks most frequently mentioned as priorities for sustainability include long-term risks associated with strategy formulation and definition, as well as the value proposition. Additionally, the risk of human talent management, which is present in all analyzed organizations, was highlighted. Based on the research, interested organizations can be recommended to implement processes and practices associated with strategic risk management for sustainability. The research presents a significant novelty by specifically addressing the management of strategic risks for the sustainability of SMEs in the manufacturing sector. Unlike previous research, our study focuses on the specific risk management practices of SMEs in this geographical context, adding an important regional and sectoral dimension to the field of study.
Nutrient Variability Mapping and Demarcating Management Zones by Employing Fuzzy Clustering in Southern Coastal Region of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Venugopal Arunkumar , Kannan Balaji , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Krishnan Ananthi , Manikandan Kaniyaiah , Mathiyazhagan Vijayakumar , Jayaraman Somasundaram
Published: March 2024

Precise nutrient management for enhancing crop yield is possible through delineating soil management zones. Generally, the fertilizer recommendations followed use a blanket application for a larger area without considering the soil spatial variability. This may lead to low fertilizer application in pockets of less nutrient content and vice versa. Therefore, this study aims to develop soil management zones (MZs) adopting geostatistical and fuzzy clustering techniques in the Alwarthirunagiri block of the Thoothukudi district in Southern India. One hundred and seventy-one surface samples were collected from a study area of 2760 ha. The collected soils were processed and characterized by available macronutrients and micronutrients. The coefficient of variation of the soils varied from low (9.72%) to high (74.60%). Ordinary kriging and semivariogram analysis showed wide variation in the soil characteristics within the study site, with a spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong. Four management zones were demarcated based on fuzzy performance index and normalized classification entropy using PCA and fuzzy K-means clustering. The study results indicated that the soil properties differed significantly under different management zones and provided potential site-specific fertilizer management options. The management zone map could be useful to the farmers to adopt precise management of nutrients for different zones.
Human-Centric and Integrative Lighting Asset Management in Public Libraries: Insights and Innovations on Its Strategy and Sustainable Development
Authors: Lin Jing , Shen Jingchun , Silfvenius Christofer
Published: March 2024

In an era of rapidly advancing lighting technology and evolving public library roles, this study introduces a groundbreaking strategy for human-centric and integrative lighting asset management. Embracing both visual and non-visual effects, “integrative lighting” aims to enhance users’ physiological and psychological well-being. Despite technological progress, notably with LEDs, current asset management often lags, relying on reactionary measures rather than proactive strategies. As public libraries transform into dynamic learning hubs, the significance of indoor lighting, impacting both physical health and holistic well-being, cannot be understated. Yet, many existing solutions are based on controlled lab tests, bypassing the diverse real-world needs of public libraries. Aiming to explore and develop human-centric and integrative lighting asset management strategies to optimize lighting environments in public libraries, this research offers a cohesive approach encompassing context identification, a management framework, and a maturity assessment model. Additionally, this study highlights the synergy between the role of the lighting asset manager, ISO 55000 principles, and these foundational strategies. This holistic approach not only reinvents lighting in public libraries but also aligns it with the broader Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), advocating for light as a conduit of comprehensive human betterment. The current study is primarily qualitative in nature. While this study is based on public libraries in Nordic countries, the implications and findings can be of interest and value to a broader international audience.
A Study on Plant Selection for Low-Carbon Rain Gardens Based on an AHP-TOPSIS Model
Authors: Zhao Zejia , Chen Jian , Han Songlei , Ding Lei , Zhao Xiaoqing , Liu Xueming , Deng Hong
Published: March 2024

Low-impact development (LID) measures are crucial for solving water environment problems during sponge city construction. Optimizing LID measures to meet multi-objective demands is essential for achieving low-carbon and green operation of sponge cities under the goal of ‘dual carbon’. To select the optimal rain garden plants suitable for the construction of a coastal sponge low-carbon city, a set of AHP-TOPSIS applicability assessments was constructed. The assessment index system comprises three main categories of indices: economic cost, ecological benefit, and environmental adaptability. The hierarchical analysis method (AHP) was used to construct a plant evaluation system from three decision-making levels and eleven criterion levels. This system assigned weights to each index in the index system. Subsequently, the distance between the superior and inferior solutions (TOPSIS) was used to evaluate the overall performance of 14 tree species, 10 shrub species, and 12 herbaceous plant species commonly found in rain gardens in a coastal city in China, so as to identify the optimal plants to meet the target demand of low-carbon rain garden construction.
Sustainable Approach to the Development of the Tourism Sector in the Conditions of Global Challenges
Authors: Bojović Petar , Vujko Aleksandra , Knežević Miroslav , Bojović Radmila
Published: March 2024

The main objective of this study is to present the feasibility of rerouting the EuroVelo 6 through the Fruška Gora National Park (Serbia) as a sustainable eco-tourism product. Our research was conducted with a survey and field interviews. The first part of this research involved consulting 717 cyclists from six EU countries, and the opinions of local entrepreneurs and employees of the national park were also investigated. An architect made a “blueprint” info board as a proposal for trails within the national park. The purpose of conducting this research was to show the importance of retracing an international route. Cyclists expressed their satisfaction with the proposed F1 track to the greatest extent. The results of the survey of employees of the NP suggested the sustainability of cycling tourists because they showed great responsibility in their behavior, and the results of the domestic entrepreneurs particularly pointed to some economic aspects of the development of cycling, as well as its impact on the empowerment of women in rural destinations. It was concluded that rerouting the “Danube Cycle Route” through the Fruška Gora National Park is feasible and sustainable. The results obtained in this study provide a justification for this retracing because it turns out that cyclists are desirable, responsible, and sustainable tourists who have a significant impact on the destinations and people they are directed to. This research will be applied to every attractive part along EuroVelo 6, thus expanding the network of cycle paths.
Impact Mechanism of Renewable Energy Technology Innovation on Carbon Productivity Based on Spatial Durbin Model
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Xudong
Published: March 2024

Given the threats to international energy security and the restructuring of energy sources in various countries, China faces the dual challenge of achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. To promote a reduction in carbon emissions and enhance carbon productivity, it is crucial to innovate renewable energy technology for long-term, low-carbon transformational development. This paper identifies the key factors that affect carbon productivity through pathway analysis and quantitatively examines the direct and spatial spillover impacts of technological advancements in renewable energy using the spatial Durbin model. Finally, this study verifies the pathways through which innovations affect carbon productivity by combining them with the spatial mediation model. The results indicate that innovations in renewable energy technologies significantly enhance carbon productivity. The indirect effects of regional spillover are even more pronounced.
Do Living Arrangements and Eating Habits Influence University Students’ Food Waste Perception in Italy and Poland?
Authors: Miśniakiewicz Małgorzata , Amicarelli Vera , Chrobak Grzegorz , Górka-Chowaniec Agnieszka , Bux Christian
Published: March 2024

Consumers’ perception plays a central role in tackling food waste at the final consumption stage, specifically among university students. In Europe, it is estimated that 47 to 67 Mt of food waste is generated at the household level or at food service consumption, including university canteens. The present cross-country research, through an online-based questionnaire among university students, investigates students’ perception on food waste by distinguishing among two different categories: on the one side, students living with their family; on the other side, students living without their family. Further, the research distinguishes among students eating at university canteens, students preparing food at home, students purchasing take-away foods and students coming back home to eat. The study compares university students’ perception on food waste in Italy and in Poland, with the overarching purpose of shaping sustainable pathways and defining educational interventions to enhance students’ perception and awareness on food waste. Data are analyzed according to the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Age is a pivotal factor and suggests a generational gap in awareness and attitude toward food waste, whereas sex significantly affects food waste perception in Poland but not in Italy, suggesting a more homogeneous perception across sexes. The research highlights the impacts that socio-economic and environmental crises (e.g., climate change, the Russia–Ukraine conflict, high inflation rates) have on food waste perception in Poland, which is closer to that of Russia and Ukraine compared to that of Italy, and provides academics, practitioners and public authorities with practical and theoretical insights toward food waste minimization.
Improving Sustainability in Urban and Road Transportation: Dual Battery Block and Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Armenta-Déu Carlos
Published: March 2024

This work aims to study and analyze sustainability improvement in urban and road transportation by using a hybrid power system for electric vehicles consisting of a dual low- and high-rate operation lithium battery block and a fuel cell. The proposed power system reduces the energy consumption in electric vehicles, thus helping to enhance a sustainable process of environmental urban pollution and reducing or eliminating fossil fuel dependence, enhancing global sustainability. In this configuration, the high-rate lithium battery powers the electric vehicle in high-power-demand processes like acceleration mode or on an uphill road; the low-rate battery operates at a low output power range, servicing the auxiliary systems and low power loads, and the fuel cell supplies energy in intermediate-power-demand conditions, normal driving mode, constant velocity, or flat and downhill terrain. The dual power system improves global efficiency, since every power unit operates optimally, depending on the driving conditions. Power sharing optimizes the lithium battery performance and fuel cell capacity, minimizing the size and weight of each energy system and enlarging the driving range. A comparative study between different lithium battery configurations and fuel cells shows an efficiency improvement of 31.4% for the hybrid dual-battery block and fuel cell operating in low, high, and intermediate output power ranges, respectively. The study is based on a simulation process recreating current driving conditions for electric cars in urban, peripheral, and intercity routes. An alternative solution consisting of a hybrid system, fuel cell, and high-rate lithium battery produces a 29% power gain.
Toward a Renewable and Sustainable Energy Pattern in Non-Interconnected Rural Monasteries: A Case Study for the Xenofontos Monastery, Mount Athos
Authors: Katsaprakakis Dimitris Al.
Published: March 2024

The scope of this article is to study and propose optimized electricity production plants powered by renewable energy sources, in the frame of energy transition in non-interconnected, rural monasteries. Energy transition, namely, the transition from fossil fuels to renewables and rational use of energy, constitutes a major component of sustainability. In particular, monasteries constitute a special and unique category of rural communities, given their size and the scale of the electricity demand. As a case study, this work focuses on the Xenofontos Monastery, in Mount Athos. Mount Athos, practically a mountainous peninsula at the North Aegean Sea (central-south Macedonia, Greece), is an independent and self-governed community of 20 different monasteries, with no electrical interconnection between them. The electrification of these monasteries started in the 1980s, with the installation of autonomous small diesel generators. Since 2010, an attempt has been initiated to replace these generators with power production and storage technologies based on renewable energy sources, aiming to approach a more energy-independent and sustainable pattern in the peninsula. The article examines two alternative systems, with small wind turbines and photovoltaic panels as the power production units and small pumped hydro storage or electrochemical batteries as storage technologies. New operation algorithms were developed and the sizing of the systems was accomplished through the computational simulation of the examined plants’ annual operations, aiming at full coverage of the power demand. The article proves that 100% power demand coverage from hydro power plants is possible with the support of pumped storage, achieving a Levelized Cost Of Electricity in the range of 0.22 EUR/kWh. This feature can be reduced at 0.11 EUR/kWh with the support of lithium-ion batteries, yet with annual power demand coverage at 90%.
Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies
Authors: Omar Abdullah , Almomani Fares , Qiblawey Hazim , Rasool Kashif
Published: March 2024

Nitrogen-rich wastewater is a major environmental issue that requires proper treatment before disposal. This comprehensive overview covers biological, physical, and chemical nitrogen removal methods. Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND) is most effective in saline water when utilizing both aerobic and anoxic conditions with diverse microbial populations for nitrogen removal. Coupling anammox with denitrification could increase removal rates and reduce energy demand. Suspended growth bioreactors effectively treated diverse COD/N ratios and demonstrated resilience to low C/N ratios. Moving biofilm bioreactors exhibit reduced mortality rates, enhanced sludge–liquid separation, increased treatment efficiency, and stronger biological structures. SND studies show ≥90% total nitrogen removal efficiency (%RETN) in diverse setups, with Defluviicoccus, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira as the main microbial communities, while anammox–denitrification achieved a %RETN of 77%. Systems using polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate as a growth medium showed a %RETN ≥ 75%. Air-lift reflux configurations exhibited high %RETN and %RENH4, reducing costs and minimizing sludge formation. Microwave pretreatment and high-frequency electric fields could be used to improve the %RENH4. Adsorption/ion exchange, membrane distillation, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration exhibit promise in industrial wastewater treatment. AOPs and sulfate-based oxidants effectively eliminate nitrogen compounds from industrial wastewater. Tailoring proposed treatments for cost-effective nitrogen removal, optimizing microbial interactions, and analyzing the techno-economics of emerging technologies are crucial.
Sustainability Evaluation of the Al-Qasab Playa by Integrating Hydrogeochemical and Graphical, ArcGIS Watershed, and Thermodynamic Geochemical Modeling Approaches
Authors: Gomaa Hassan E. , Gomaa Fatma A. , Abdel Azeem Sami M. , Alotaibi Abdullah A.
Published: March 2024

Drawing development plans requires evaluating the available resources and assessing their sustainable and subsequent utilization-driven environmental impacts. The current work is concerned with evaluating the sustainability of the halite harvesting process from Al-Qasab Playa, Shaqra, Central Saudi Arabia. The authors integrated, conceptually and quantitatively, ArcGIS-processed SRTM-DEM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model) data, hydrogeochemical and thermodynamic-based geochemical modelling, and graphical approaches to achieve the ultimate aims of the study. The watershed is identified as a nonmarine closed basin with a drainage area of 1290 km2, with the slope controlling recharge to the Playa. The Chadha plot including the rainwater exhibits linear regression, with an R2 value of 0.9947, confirming the rainwater origin of the Playa water. The hardness-forming ions are primarily removed in pond 3, eliminating the need for costly and power-consuming steps of softening with ion exchange resins or nanofiltration as it can be used directly as a readily available feed for the chlor-alkali process for producing NaOH, Cl2, and H2 gases through electrolysis. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis and the SEM-EDS (Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) of the harvested halite confirmed its purity. An improved design of the current folkloric harvesting process has been proposed based on the saturation indices calculated thermodynamically to provide a readily available feed intake for the electrolysis chlor-alkali process with or without minimal pretreatment to produce higher value chemicals. The methodological aspects presented here are deemed robust and valid for applications in other study areas, including the assessment of the exploitation of the rejected brine from the desalination plants to achieve the zero liquid discharge approach, as well as other types of sabkhas, regardless of their geographical location.
How Does Diversification of Producer Services Agglomeration Help Reduce Carbon Emissions Intensity? Evidence from 252 Chinese Cities, 2005–2018
Authors: Luo Langsha , Bi Tianyu , Yu Haochen
Published: March 2024

Mitigating carbon emissions intensity (CEI) and promoting carbon neutrality at the city level are essential for addressing the challenges of global climate change and advancing sustainable development. This study examines the influence of producer services agglomeration diversification (PSAD) on CEI using an unbalanced panel dataset including 252 Chinese prefectural-level cities from 2005 to 2018 for empirical analyses. We find that improving PSAD in a city can significantly mitigate CEI. Stronger PSAD accelerates a city’s industrial structure transformation from secondary- to tertiary-dominated in addition to boosting green development capabilities, both of which are confirmed to have concrete carbon emissions reduction effects. Furthermore, PSAD only significantly alleviates CEI in non-eastern cities in China, and the benefits of carbon emissions reduction are stronger after 2010. Our policy insights highlight land utilization in shaping the intracity layouts of producer services agglomerations (PSAs) and stress regional-level measures. Recognizing regional differences and integrating PSAs allocation with broader institutional measures can amplify PSAD’s benefits.
Analyzing the Shelter Site Selection Criteria for Disaster Preparedness Using Best–Worst Method under Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Celik Erkan
Published: March 2024

Shelters are vital for affected people after a disaster because of the accommodation, safety, and security. In this paper, we analyze the shelter site selection criteria for disaster preparedness applying the best–worst method under interval type-2 fuzzy sets. The proposed approach utilizes the advantages of fewer pairwise comparisons with the best–worst method and better reflection of uncertainty with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. For this reason, the criteria are determined based on a literature review and the opinion of nine disaster experts. The experts have worked as disaster officers in a variety of locations, including Sivrice (Elazığ), Pazarcık, and Elbistan (Kahramanmaras) and Syrian refugee camps such as Nizip container city. In this step, 6 main criteria and 25 sub-criteria are evaluated using the proposed approach. According to the nine experts’ opinions, the most important main criterion is determined as proximity. Distribution center capacity, adequate distribution logistics personnel, available electricity, distance to settlement, and landslides and flooding are also determined as the five most important sub-criteria. For disaster preparedness, responsible organizations and managers should consider these important criteria for temporary shelter site selection.
Multidimensional Epidemiological Survey Data Aggregation Scheme Based on Personalized Local Differential Privacy
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Liu Qiong , Wang Jia , Sun Hao
Published: March 2024

In recent years, with the rapid development of intelligent technology, information security and privacy issues have become increasingly prominent. Epidemiological survey data (ESD) research plays a vital role in understanding the laws and trends of disease transmission. However, epidemiological investigations (EI) involve a large amount of privacy-sensitive data which, once leaked, will cause serious harm to individuals and society. Collecting EI data is also a huge task. To solve these problems and meet personalized privacy protection requirements in EIs, we improve the uOUE protocol based on utility-optimized local differential privacy to improve the efficiency and accuracy of data coding. At the same time, aiming at the collection and processing of ESD, a multidimensional epidemiological survey data aggregation scheme based on uOUE is designed. By using Paillier homomorphic encryption and an identity-based signature scheme to further prevent differential attacks and achieve multidimensional data aggregation, the safe, efficient, and accurate aggregation processing of ESD is executed. Through security proof and performance comparison, it is verified that our algorithm meets the requirements of local differential privacy and unbiased estimation. The experimental evaluation results on two data sets show that the algorithm has good practicability and accuracy in ESD collection and provides reliable and effective privacy protection.
A Case Report of Hyperhemolytic Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease, with a Special Focus on Avoiding the Use of Transfusions
Authors: Obajed Al-Ali Omar , Pfliegler György , Magyari Ferenc , Borics Fanni , Pinczés László Imre , Illés Árpád , Brúgós Boglárka
Published: March 2024

In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), transfusions pose risks like delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) and hyperhemolytic syndrome (HHS). We present the case of a 61-year-old Nigerian male patient with SCD, developing hyperhemolytic syndrome (HHS) post-orthopedic surgery due to alloimmunization from blood transfusions. Surgery induced massive hemorrhage, requiring RBC transfusions. Postoperatively, he developed HHS with jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and fever. Despite additional transfusions, his condition worsened, leading to hematological consultation on postoperative day +9. Laboratory findings showed positive DAT and multiple alloantibodies. The diagnosis of HHS was established and treatment involved high-dose methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and erythropoietin. The patient was discharged on postoperative day +24 with stable hemoglobin levels, tapering doses of methylprednisolone, and continuous administration of hydroxyurea prescribed. HHS pathogenesis involves extensive intravascular hemolysis, exacerbated by alloimmunization. Diagnostic challenges and therapy selection complexity underscore the need for cautious transfusion strategies in HHS, reserving them for hemodynamic instability or hypoxia. This case highlights promptly recognizing and managing HHS in SCD for improved outcomes and avoiding unnecessary transfusions.
The Mutagenic Plasticity of the Cholera Toxin B-Subunit Surface Residues: Stability and Affinity
Authors: Au Cheuk W. , Manfield Iain , Webb Michael E. , Paci Emanuele , Turnbull W. Bruce , Ross James F.
Published: March 2024

Mastering selective molecule trafficking across human cell membranes poses a formidable challenge in healthcare biotechnology while offering the prospect of breakthroughs in drug delivery, gene therapy, and diagnostic imaging. The cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) has the potential to be a useful cargo transporter for these applications. CTB is a robust protein that is amenable to reengineering for diverse applications; however, protein redesign has mostly focused on modifications of the N- and C-termini of the protein. Exploiting the full power of rational redesign requires a detailed understanding of the contributions of the surface residues to protein stability and binding activity. Here, we employed Rosetta-based computational saturation scans on 58 surface residues of CTB, including the GM1 binding site, to analyze both ligand-bound and ligand-free structures to decipher mutational effects on protein stability and GM1 affinity. Complimentary experimental results from differential scanning fluorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry provided melting temperatures and GM1 binding affinities for 40 alanine mutants among these positions. The results showed that CTB can accommodate diverse mutations while maintaining its stability and ligand binding affinity. These mutations could potentially allow modification of the oligosaccharide binding specificity to change its cellular targeting, alter the B-subunit intracellular routing, or impact its shelf-life and in vivo half-life through changes to protein stability. We anticipate that the mutational space maps presented here will serve as a cornerstone for future CTB redesigns, paving the way for the development of innovative biotechnological tools.
Hortensins, Type 1 Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from Seeds of Red Mountain Spinach: Isolation, Characterization, and Their Effect on Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Ragucci Sara , Russo Veronica , Clemente Angela , Campanile Maria Giuseppina , Oliva Maria Antonietta , Landi Nicola , Pedone Paolo Vincenzo , Arcella Antonietta , Di Maro Antimo
Published: March 2024

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are specific N-β-glycosylases that are well-characterized in plants. Their enzymatic action is to damage ribosomes, thereby blocking protein translation. Recently, several research groups have been working on the screening for these toxins in edible plants to facilitate the use of RIPs as biotechnological tools and biopesticides and to overcome public prejudice. Here, four novel monomeric (type 1) RIPs have been isolated from the seeds of Atriplex hortensis L. var. rubra, which is commonly known as edible red mountain spinach. These enzymes, named hortensins 1, 2, 4, and 5, are able to release the β-fragment and, like many other RIPs, adenines from salmon sperm DNA, thus, acting as polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidases. Structurally, hortensins have a different molecular weight and are purified with different yields (hortensin 1, ~29.5 kDa, 0.28 mg per 100 g; hortensin 2, ~29 kDa, 0.29 mg per 100 g; hortensin 4, ~28.5 kDa, 0.71 mg per 100 g; and hortensin 5, ~30 kDa, 0.65 mg per 100 g); only hortensins 2 and 4 are glycosylated. Furthermore, the major isoforms (hortensins 4 and 5) are cytotoxic toward human continuous glioblastoma U87MG cell line. In addition, the morphological change in U87MG cells in the presence of these toxins is indicative of cell death triggered by the apoptotic pathway, as revealed by nuclear DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay).
The Nature of Dark Energy and Constraints on Its Hypothetical Constituents from Force Measurements
Authors: Klimchitskaya Galina L. , Mostepanenko Vladimir M.
Published: March 2024

This review considers the theoretical approaches to the understanding of dark energy, which comprises approximately 68% of the energy of our Universe and explains the acceleration in its expansion. Following a discussion of the main approach based on Einstein’s equations with the cosmological term, the explanations of dark energy using the concept of some kind of scalar field are elucidated. These include the concept of a quintessence and modifications of the general theory of relativity by means of the scalar–tensor gravity exploiting the chameleon, symmetron and environment-dependent dilaton fields and corresponding particles. After mentioning several laboratory experiments allowing us to constrain the hypothetical scalar fields modeling the dark energy, special attention is devoted to the possibility of constraining the parameters of chameleon, symmetron and environment-dependent dilaton fields from measuring the Casimir force. It is concluded that the parameters of each of these fields can be significantly strengthened in near future by using the next-generation setups in preparation suitable for measuring the Casimir force at larger separations.
Correction: Cuello, N.; Sucerquia, M. Alpha Centauri: Disc Dynamics, Planet Stability, Detectability. Universe 2024, 10, 64
Authors: Cuello Nicolás , Sucerquia Mario
Published: March 2024

In the original publication [...]
Rhabdoviral Endogenous Sequences Identified in the Leishmaniasis Vector Lutzomyia longipalpis Are Widespread in Sandflies from South America
Authors: Tempone Antonio J. , Zezza-Ramalho Monique de Souza , Borely Daniel , Pitaluga André N. , Brazil Reginaldo Peçanha , Brandão-Filho Sinval P. , Pessoa Felipe A. C. , Bruno Rafaela V. , Carvalho-Costa Filipe A. , Salomón Oscar D. , Volf Petr , Burleigh Barbara A. , Aguiar Eric R. G. R. , Traub-Cseko Yara M.
Published: March 2024

Sandflies are known vectors of leishmaniasis. In the Old World, sandflies are also vectors of viruses while little is known about the capacity of New World insects to transmit viruses to humans. Here, we relate the identification of RNA sequences with homology to rhabdovirus nucleocapsids (NcPs) genes, initially in the Lutzomyia longipalpis LL5 cell lineage, named NcP1.1 and NcP2. The Rhabdoviridae family never retrotranscribes its RNA genome to DNA. The sequences here described were identified in cDNA and DNA from LL-5 cells and in adult insects indicating that they are transcribed endogenous viral elements (EVEs). The presence of NcP1.1 and NcP2 in the L. longipalpis genome was confirmed in silico. In addition to showing the genomic location of NcP1.1 and NcP2, we identified another rhabdoviral insertion named NcP1.2. Analysis of small RNA molecules derived from these sequences showed that NcP1.1 and NcP1.2 present a profile consistent with elements targeted by primary piRNAs, while NcP2 was restricted to the degradation profile. The presence of NcP1.1 and NcP2 was investigated in sandfly populations from South America and the Old World. These EVEs are shared by different sandfly populations in South America while none of the Old World species studied presented the insertions.
Mt10 Vaccine Protects Diversity Outbred Mice from CVB3 Infection by Producing Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies and Diverse Antibody Isotypes
Authors: Rasquinha Mahima T. , Mone Kiruthiga , Sur Meghna , Lasrado Ninaad , Massilamany Chandirasegaran , Kachman Stephen D. , Steffen David , Reddy Jay
Published: March 2024

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) cause a wide range of diseases in humans, but no vaccines are currently available to prevent these infections. Previously, we had demonstrated that a live attenuated CVB3 vaccine virus, Mutant 10 (Mt10), offers protection against multiple CVB serotypes as evaluated in various inbred mouse strains; however, the applicability of these findings to the outbred human population remains uncertain. To address this issue, we used Diversity Outbred (DO) mice, whose genome is derived from eight inbred mouse strains that may capture the level of genetic diversity of the outbred human population. To determine the efficacy of the Mt10 vaccine, we established the CVB3 infection model in the DO mice. We noted that CVB3 infection resulted mainly in pancreatitis, although viral RNA was detected in both the pancreas and heart. Histologically, the pancreatic lesions comprised of necrosis, post-necrotic atrophy, and lymphocyte infiltration. In evaluating the efficacy of the Mt10 vaccine, both male and female DO mice were completely protected in challenge studies with CVB3, and viral RNA was not detected in the heart or pancreas. Likewise, vaccine recipients of both sexes showed significant levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, by using the CVB3 viral protein 1, virus-reactive antibodies were found to be diverse in the order of IgG2c, followed by IgG2a, IgG2b/IgG3, and IgG1. Together, the data suggest that the Mt10 vaccine virus can offer protection against CVB infections that may have translational significance.
Beyond Birth: Pioneering Insights into Colostrum Quality Variation among Bitches with Different Types of Parturition
Authors: Zakošek Pipan Maja , Sterniša Meta , Plavec Tanja
Published: March 2024

This study deals with the immunological quality of canine colostrum in relation to the different parturition modes in bitches. It included four groups of bitches, who underwent vaginal parturition (VP), emergency cesarean section (EM-CS), elective cesarean section (EL-CS), or elective cesarean section with aglepristone injection 24 h prior to surgery (EL-A). Colostrum samples from 40 bitches of 18 breeds were taken immediately after the birth of the first puppy or directly after surgery, and four hours later. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were measured using ELISA tests. The initial IgG concentration was 18.3 ± 10.2 g/L, and the IgA concentration was 13.7 ± 5.8 g/L, respectively. Significantly lower IgG and IgA concentrations were observed in the EL-CS group compared to other groups. The administration of aglepristone led to an increase in IgG and IgA concentrations. Despite the lower immunoglobulin levels with EL-CS, the survival rate of the puppies was not affected. The study shows that immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum vary between bitches, with the type of birth significantly influencing the levels. Progesterone withdrawal before birth could play a decisive role in increasing IgG and IgA concentrations in the mammary glands of the bitches.
Real-Time Diminished Reality Application Specifying Target Based on 3D Region
Authors: Kobayashi Kaito , Takahashi Masanobu
Published: March 2024

Diminished reality (DR) is a technology in which a background image is overwritten on a real object to make it appear as if the object has been removed from real space. This paper presents a real-time DR application that employs deep learning. A DR application can remove objects inside a 3D region defined by a user in images captured using a smartphone. By specifying the 3D region containing the target object to be removed, DR can be realized for targets with various shapes and sizes, and the specified target can be removed even if the viewpoint changes. To achieve fast and accurate DR, a suitable network was employed based on the experimental results. Additionally, the loss function during the training process was improved to enhance completion accuracy. Then, the operation of the DR application at 10 fps was verified using a smartphone and a laptop computer.
Are Transboundary Water Events Reported Differently in French and English News for Conflict and Cooperation Dynamics?
Authors: Wang Jiale , Wei Jing , Tian Fuqiang
Published: March 2024

Media coverage of water events in transboundary river basins reflects the views of both riparian countries and beyond, and the conflict and cooperation dynamics could be biased due to the linguistic diversity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether any deviation exists in the depiction of water conflict and cooperation dynamics as reflected in the sentiments of French and English news articles, taking the Lancang–Mekong River basin and the Nile River basin as case studies. The results showed that news articles in English itself can reflect the trends of the cooperative or conflictive sentiments of the water events occurring within the basin, but French news is complementary in examining the attitudes and values of a few countries towards the shared river. The study would serve as an important reference for the perspective analysis of all riparian countries, as well as a basis for comprehending water conflict/cooperation dynamics in multiple languages.
Flood Forecasting Method and Application Based on Informer Model
Authors: Xu Yiyuan , Zhao Jianhui , Wan Biao , Cai Jinhua , Wan Jun
Published: March 2024

Flood forecasting helps anticipate floods and evacuate people, but due to the access of a large number of data acquisition devices, the explosive growth of multidimensional data and the increasingly demanding prediction accuracy, classical parameter models, and traditional machine learning algorithms are unable to meet the high efficiency and high precision requirements of prediction tasks. In recent years, deep learning algorithms represented by convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks and Informer models have achieved fruitful results in time series prediction tasks. The Informer model is used to predict the flood flow of the reservoir. At the same time, the prediction results are compared with the prediction results of the traditional method and the LSTM model, and how to apply the Informer model in the field of flood prediction to improve the accuracy of flood prediction is studied. The data of 28 floods in the Wan’an Reservoir control basin from May 2014 to June 2020 were used, with areal rainfall in five subzones and outflow from two reservoirs as inputs and flood processes with different sequence lengths as outputs. The results show that the Informer model has good accuracy and applicability in flood forecasting. In the flood forecasting with a sequence length of 4, 5 and 6, Informer has higher prediction accuracy, and the prediction accuracy is better than other models under the same sequence length, but the prediction accuracy will decline to a certain extent with the increase in sequence length. The Informer model stably predicts the flood peak better, and its average flood peak difference and average maximum flood peak difference are the smallest. As the length of the sequence increases, the number of fields with a maximum flood peak difference less than 15% increases, and the maximum flood peak difference decreases. Therefore, the Informer model can be used as one of the better flood forecasting methods, and it provides a new forecasting method and scientific decision-making basis for reservoir flood control.