bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Birds with One Stone? Implications of conditional assistance in victim protection and prosecution of traffickers
Authors: Brunovskis Anette , Skilbrei May-Len
Published: November 2016

Protection of victims and prosecution of traffickers are established as core principles in international and national anti-trafficking policies. In this article, we discuss the dilemmas of linking protection of victims (a term that includes social protection) to their cooperation with authorities, using Norway as a case. Our analysis of the Norwegian case is based on interviews with victims of trafficking, social workers, police and prosecutors, and examination of court decisions on cases of trafficking. The linking of protection and prosecution is anchored in international conventions and directives. While this is often framed as a mutual advantage for both protection and prosecution, in reality both goals may suffer. We discuss how the goal of prosecution affects assistance available to different groups of victims. It creates unequal access to assistance and different preconditions for well-being and predictability, depending on how useful their information about traffickers is perceived to be, and police capacity to investigate. We then move on to discuss how the incentive of protection for cooperation is interpreted and dealt with in the justice system. Victims who receive assistance and have a chance of getting permanent residence permits in exchange for their testimonies are considered to be less reliable and credible witnesses. This also brings into question how victims of trafficking are understood and constituted as witnesses. We discuss these issues in light of a broader literature on gender, law and victimhood.
Transaction Costs: Prosecuting child trafficking for illegal adoption in Russia
Authors: McCarthy Lauren A
Published: November 2016

As primary implementers of laws on human trafficking, law enforcement helps construct how these laws are understood and applied. This article examines how this process has unfolded in Russia by looking at the phenomenon of and debates surrounding child trafficking for illegal adoption. It argues that pre-existing experience with trafficking laws and cultural narratives surrounding adoption have led law enforcement to focus on uncovering evidence of monetary transactions rather than exploitation when prosecuting trafficking cases. This construction of the meaning of trafficking comes with important trade-offs. While the emphasis on transactions helps law enforcement to be successful at prosecuting cases involving selling children for illegal adoption, a focus on transactions rather than exploitation results in a de facto prosecution policy that ignores the many forms of exploitation that occur in other trafficking cases.
Investments in Human Trafficking Prosecutions are Indispensable
Authors: Boutros Victor , Richmond John Cotton
Published: November 2016

Response to ATR Debate Proposition: ‘Prosecuting trafficking deflects attention from much more important responses and is anyway a waste of time and money’
Prioritising Prosecutions is the Wrong Approach
Authors: D’Adamo Kate
Published: November 2016

Response to ATR Debate Proposition: ‘Prosecuting trafficking deflects attention from much more important responses and is anyway a waste of time and money’
Final unification with three gravitational constants associated with nuclear, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions
Authors: UV Satya Seshavatharam , S Lakshminarayana
Published: November 2016

By introducing two large pseudo gravitational constants assumed to be associated with strong and electromagnetic interactions, we make an attempt to combine the old Abdus Salamâ€™s â€˜strong gravityâ€™ concept with â€˜Newtonian gravityâ€™ and try to understand the constructional features of nuclei, atoms and neutron stars in a unified approach. From the known elementary atomic and nuclear physical constants, estimated magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant is (6.66 to 6.70) x10-11 m3/kg/sec2. Finally, by eliminating the proposed two pseudo gravitational constants, we inter-related the Newtonian gravitational constant, Fermiâ€™s weak coupling constant and Strong coupling constant, in a generalized approach.
Evaluation of the leadership characteristics of secondary school principals from the teachers’ perspective
 Ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan müdürlerin liderlik davranış özelliklernin öğretmen algılarına göre değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Öksüzoğlu Meryem
Published: November 2016

Leadership is one of the most extensively discussed topics. Wherever there is management, the manager’s leadership characteristics and behavior related with these have great importance. At schools, it is more crucial to be able to effective than to be able to use authority. In these sense, a principal needs to unite teachers towards a goal and in order to achieve that, should have the necessary leadership characteristics. This article, aims to investigate teachers’ perspective of principals’ leadership characteristics and behavior. The samle derived from the capital city, Nicosia of North Cyprus. In order to determine the principals’ leadership characteristics and behavior both survey and interview methods were applied. Through data, the particular leadership characteristics and behavior have been examined. Findings suggest that, school principals’ leadership characteristics and behavior varies. The most common leadership characteristics and behaviors were coming up with new projects, openly stating requests, and giving importance to following procedurs. The behavior and leadership characteristics that came out the least common were risk taking, being able to positively handle criticism, and being flexible and openness to change. ÖzetLiderlik günümüzde en çok tartışılan konuların başında gelmektdedir. Yönetimin olduğu yerde yöneticinin sahip olduğu ve ortaya koyacağı liderlik davranış özellikleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Okulda yönetim, yetki kullanmaktan çok, etkili olmayı gerektirmektedir. Liderlikte ise etkileme vardır. Bu bakımdan okul yöneticilerinin, okulu amaçlanan noktaya götürebilmeleri için öğretmenlerde amaç birlikteliği oluşturabilmek için liderlik özellikleri taşıması gerekmektedir.  Bu araştırma, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta Lefkoşa merkezde bulunan ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan müdürlerin, liderlik davranış özelliklerinin,  öğretmen algılarına göre belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Okul müdürlerinin liderlik davranış özelliklerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla ölçme aracı olarak anket ve mülakat yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında hangi liderlik davranışlarını gösterdiklerini belirlemek hedeflenmiştir. Bulgular okul müdürlerinin liderlik davranış özelliklerinin farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Müdürlerin en fazla ortaya koyduğu davranışlar arasında yeni proje üretme, açık şekilde talimat verme, kural ve prensiplere uymayı önemseme yer almaktadır. En düşük olarak öne çıkan liderlik davranışları ise risk alma, eleştirilere açık olma, esnek ve değişime açıklık özellikleridir.
The stability of laughter
Authors: Nikopoulos James
Published: November 2016

This article synthesizes a broad body of research in order to propose a concise overview of how laughter functions as a heuristic for social situations and cultural artifacts. It argues that all laughter is indelibly associated with positivity. Phenomena traditionally interpreted as contradicting this claim – such as malicious laughter and pathological laughter – only serve to reinforce an understanding we are born with which connects laughter to positivity. I argue that laughter is perceived as positive or otherwise because context either reinforces an innate understanding that links laughter to positivity, or else forces that understanding into some degree of contradiction. Either way, the link is never dissolved. Basing its claims on evolutionary theory and emotion research, and informed by the two-thousand-plus-year history of the philosophy of humor, this study is the first to systematically discuss those aspects of laughter that transcend context and subject.
Query-Specific Distance and Hybrid Tracking Model for Video Object Retrieval
Authors: Ghuge C.A. , Ruikar Sachin D. , Prakash V. Chandra
Published: November 2016

In the area of modern intelligent systems, the retrieval process of video objects is still a challenging task because objects are usually affected by object confusion, similar appearance among objects, different posing, small size of objects, and interactions among multiple objects. In order to overcome these challenges, the video object is retrieved based on the trajectory points of the multiple-motion objects. However, if an object is in an occlusion situation, the calculation of trajectory points from the objects is considerably altered. In order to overcome the above challenges, we have proposed a technique of query-specific distance and hybrid tracking model for video object retrieval. To verify the performance of the proposed method, five videos were collected from the CAVIAR dataset. Then, the proposed tracking process was applied with these five videos and the performance was analysed based on various parameters, such as precision, recall, and f-measure. From the results, we can prove that the proposed hybrid model attained a higher f-measure of 76.7% compared to that of other existing tracking models, such as the nearest neighbourhood algorithmic model and spatial-exponential weighted moving average model.
Application of the order statistics to the fault tolerant systems / Zastosowanie statystyk porządkowych do systemów tolerujących uszkodzenia
Authors: Andrzejczak Karol
Published: November 2016

Various models of ordered random variables having different interpretations have been introduced and studied extensively in the literature. The most popular of these are order statistics obtained by arranging n random variables (rv’s) in non-decreasing order of magnitude. Order statistics appear in many areas of statistical theory and applications including quality control, robustness, outlier detection, and reliability analysis. In this paper we study the construction of the functional and numerical reliability characteristics for the fault tolerant systems with so called “k-out-of-n” threshold reliability structure based on order statistics.
Analysys of reliability and cost of repairs of trucks under long-term lease conditions / Analiza niezawodności i kosztów napraw samochodów ciężarowych w warunkach wynajmu długoterminowego
Authors: Dmowski Artur , Ignaciuk Piotr , Ślęzak Marcin , Niewczas Andrzej
Published: November 2016

The article presents the results of the reliability tests of three makes of trucks. They used samples of 30 vehicles of each make. The vehicles were used by transport companies on a rental basis. The analysis omitted defects of the body-work of the vehicles as the component unrelated to a particular make. The first part of the analysis characterized operating process in respect to mileages and operating time. Then the analysis of the reliability of vehicles and their components was conducted taking into account the mileages till the first recorded defect and separately inter-repair periods’ mileages. The analyses presented are part of a larger work, which aims to develop a method for evaluating the operational quality of trucks from the point of view of the owner of the rental vehicles.
Singularities of lightcone pedals of spacelike curves in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space
Authors: Chen Liang
Published: November 2016

In this paper, geometric properties of spacelike curves on a timelike surface in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space are investigated by applying the singularity theory of smooth functions from the contact viewpoint.
Fuzzy ideals of ordered semigroups with fuzzy orderings
Authors: Huang Xiaokun , Li Qingguo
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions of ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy ideals of a fuzzy ordered semigroup with the ordering being a fuzzy relation. Several characterizations of ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy left (resp. right) ideals and ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy interior ideals are derived. The lattice structures of all ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy (interior) ideals on such fuzzy ordered semigroup are studied and some methods are given to construct an ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy (interior) ideals from an arbitrary fuzzy subset. Finally, the characterizations of generalized semisimple fuzzy ordered semigroups in terms of ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy ideals (resp. ∈, ∈ ∨qk-fuzzy interior ideals) are developed.
Fixed point theorems for cyclic contractive mappings via altering distance functions in metric-like spaces
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Huang Xianjiu , Li Shengjun
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we introduce two different contractive conditions and prove some new fixed point theorems for cyclic (ψ,ϕ,φ)
α
-contractive mappings and α-(κ,φ)g
-contractive mappings in complete metric-like spaces via altering distance functions. Our results generalize and extend some existing results. Moreover, some examples are given to support the obtained results.
Sorption properties of Amberlite XAD 7 functionalized with sodium β-glycerophosphate
Authors: Gabor Andreea , Davidescu Corneliu Mircea , Negrea Adina , Ciopec Mihaela , Muntean Cornelia , Duteanu Narcis , Negrea Petru
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the sorption properties of a new adsorbent material prepared by impregnating Amberlite XAD 7 polymer with sodium β-glycerophosphate. For impregnation, the pellicular vacuum solvent vaporization method was employed. The functionalization was evidenced by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The usefulness of this material and its performances were studied for the adsorption of the rare earth element La(III) in batch experiments. The influence of various parameters affecting the adsorption of lanthanum like contact time, initial concentration, pH value, and temperature was studied. The kinetic of the adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Sips isotherm was found to be the best fit of the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the functionalized material was of 33.8 mg La(III)/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔG
o, ΔH
o, ΔS
o) showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The results proved that Amberlite XAD 7 functionalized with sodium β-glycerophosphate is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of La(III) ions from aqueous solutions. Quantum chemistry was performed using Spartan software.
Synthesis, characterization and enzymatic degradation of copolymers of ε-caprolactone and hydroxy-fatty acids
Authors: Aparaschivei Diana , Todea Anamaria , Păuşescu Iulia , Badea Valentin , Medeleanu Mihai , Şişu Eugen , Puiu Maria , Chiriţă-Emandi Adela , Peter Francisc
Published: November 2016

New copolymers of ε-caprolactone with three hydroxy-fatty acids, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and ricinoleic acid, were synthesized by catalytic polyesterification. The reactions were carried out in solvent-free systems and in organic solvents as well, using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst, at different temperatures and molar ratios of the comonomers. Cyclic and linear polymeric products with medium molar weight of about 2000 Da have been synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The synthesis parameters were optimized and the ε-caprolactone/hydroxy acid molar ratio was set as 5:1, according to mass spectrometry results. The biodegradability of the newly synthesized polymers was studied in the presence of Candida antarctica B lipase in phosphate buffer solutions (pH=7.4), at 37°C. The weight-loss profile emphasized the degradation of the 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid based polymer samples at more than 50% of their initial weight in 18 days of incubation in the presence of the lipase. The composition of the degradation products was assessed using the GC-MS technique and displayed residues of the comonomers moieties.
Autonomie und Verantwortung im Studium
Authors: Liebermann Sascha
Published: November 2016

In den vergangenen Jahren haben manche Bundesländer die allgemeine Anwesenheitspflicht in Lehrveranstaltungen, sofern sie in Hochschulgesetzen geregelt war, aufgehoben, nachdem sie zuvor schon durch minis-terielle Erlasse außer Kraft gesetzt worden war. Diese Entscheidung, in Nordrhein Westfalen mit dem Hochschulzukunftsgesetz verbunden, hat überraschend drastische Kritik hervorgerufen. Mit Aufhebung der Anwesenheitspflicht sei die Universität als solche überflüssig geworden, die Qualität der Lehre sei gefährdet, kontinuierliche Fortentwicklung einer Fragestellung sei nicht mehr möglich, da die Gefahr bestünde, in jeder Sitzung einer neuen Konstellation von Teilnehmern gegenüberzustehen. Der Beitrag untersucht ausgewählte Stellungnahmen auf ihre Argumentation und die darin rekonstruierbaren Deutungsmuster zu Autonomie der Lebenspraxis. Alle offenbaren gleichermaßen ein unsicheres bis drastisch misstrauendes Verhältnis zu Autonomie, das für die Lehre folgenreich und erklärungsbedürftig ist, muss sie – für ein wissenschaftliches Studium in herausgehobenem Maße – auf diese Autonomie setzen.
Recovery-Adaptation
Authors: Sands William A. , Apostolopoulos Nikos , Kavanaugh Ashley A. , Stone Michael H.
Published: November 2016

ATHLETE TRAINING SHOULD PROCEED FROM THOROUGH AND SYSTEMATIC PERIODIZED PLANS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING LOADS. THE TIME-COURSE OF TRAINING SHOULD INCLUDE PERIODS OF HIGH LOADS PUNCTUATED BY REDUCED LOADS AND REST. AS THERE ARE A WIDE VARIETY OF MEANS AND METHODS USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOADS, THERE ARE NUMEROUS MEANS AND METHODS FOR ENHANCING RECOVERY AND ADAPTATION (RA). RA FROM ATHLETE TRAINING ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD AND IN NEED OF A MODEL OR FRAMEWORK TO ADVANCE OUR ABILITY TO SYSTEMATICALLY COMPLEMENT TRAINING WITH APPROPRIATE MODALITIES.
Exercise Benefits and Considerations for Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yuen Elizabeth P. , Bagley James R.
Published: November 2016

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AFFECTING MORE THAN 1 MILLION AMERICANS. ALTHOUGH THERE IS NO CURE, EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS CAN IMPROVE AEROBIC FITNESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE WHILE MITIGATING SOME SLE SYMPTOMS. THE LITERATURE LACKS COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISE GUIDELINES AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SLE PATIENTS. HERE, WE PRESENT THE BENEFITS OF EXERCISE AND PROVIDE PRACTITIONERS AND CLINICIANS WITH EXERCISE RECOMMENDATIONS/CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SLE. MOST SLE PATIENTS CAN SAFELY ENGAGE IN EXERCISE TRAINING WITH PHYSICIAN CLEARANCE, BUT CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN FOR THOSE (A) WITH CARDIOPULMONARY INVOLVEMENT, (B) TAKING ANALGESICS OR CORTICOSTEROIDS, OR (C) WHO EXPERIENCE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE.
Bat assemblage in a karstic area from northern Brazil: seven new occurrences for Tocantins state, including the first record of Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 for the Cerrado
Authors: Felix Saulo , Novaes Roberto Leonan M. , Souza Renan F. , Avilla Leonardo S.
Published: November 2016

The Cerrado, the second largest morphoclimatic area of South America, has many limestone outcrops with caves. However, studies of the bat fauna in karstic environments in the Cerrado are scarce. We present an inventory of bats in a karstic Cerrado area in the Tocantins state. We used mist-nets to sample caves, savannas, deciduous forests, and periurban environments. We captured 516 bats of 30 species, revealing that the study area is one of richest for bat species in the Brazilian Cerrado. Seven new occurrences of bat species were recorded for the Tocantins state, and we report the first record of G. sylvestris from the Cerrado biome. We recorded 21 species simultaneously at one cave, Gruta dos Moura, which is the highest species richness of bats for a single cave in the Neotropics.
Rate and predictors of publication by medical and health science summer research students: a 14-year analysis from Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , Wallace Henry B. , McLaughlin Scott J. P. , Alexander Harry C. , Shelling Andrew N.
Published: November 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction Undergraduates are capable of making valuable contributions to the medical sciences. At The University of Auckland, many students complete summer studentship projects. Anecdotally, students have enjoyed these projects, developed an interest in academia, and published peer-reviewed articles. This study aimed to i) determine the publication rate following the studentship programme from 2001-2013, and ii) identify factors correlated with publication. Methods Students completing summer studentships at the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland from 2001-2013 were identified. Seven databases were searched for articles with student and supervisor as named authors. Outcomes of interest were; i) publication within 3 years of studentship completion, ii) publication at any time, and iii) publication with the student as the first author. Results Over the 13-year period, 1345 studentship projects were completed, with 666 identified subsequent publications by 425 students. At 3 years follow-up after studentship completion, 22% had published, increasing to 32% at any time following studentship completion. Degree, department, and research category were all significantly correlated with successful publication. Conclusion Summer studentships provide New Zealand undergraduates with opportunities to make valuable contributions to science. Further investigation may facilitate improvement strategies and maximise benefits for students, supervisors, and universities.
New observational method for prediction of one-dimensional consolidation settlement
Authors: Guo W. , Chu J.
Published: November 2016

The Chapman–Richards model is adopted in this paper to best fit the Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation curve. The obtained formula fits the theoretical solution well, with a regression coefficient R2 of 0·9995 and an error of less than 2%. By adopting this model, a new method to predict the ultimate settlement and the coefficient of consolidation using monitoring settlement data is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified against oedometer test and field monitoring data. For the cases verified, the ultimate settlement predictions from the proposed method are more reliable than those from the Asaoka's method for the different range of settlement data.
Development of a very light rail vehicle
Authors: Winnett James , Hoffrichter Andreas , Iraklis Athanasios , McGordon Andy , Hughes Darren J. , Ridler Tony , Mallinson Nick
Published: November 2016

The collaborative very light rail project involves the development of a novel railcar designed to revolutionise the rail industry: a self-powered, very light rail vehicle. Each of the two bogies contains a complete diesel–electric series-hybrid drive system, while the whole vehicle has undergone significant lightweighting activity to realise a target weight of less than 18 t, or 1 t per linear metre. The target cost is £500 000, which is to be achieved through the use of standardised, modular components, and appropriate materials and structural design methodologies. The research covers several aspects of the GB Rail Technical Strategy chapter relating to rolling stock. Lightweighting leads to a reduction in the propulsion requirements and reduces the infrastructure installation and maintenance costs. The use of higher-efficiency drive systems achieved through on-board energy systems enables a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. These hybridisation activities improve the passenger experience through quieter operation, decreased vibration and the possible elimination of exhaust emissions in stations. Combining new drive systems with modular lightweight structures will lead to lower life-cycle costs and thus could enable the economical reopening of lines.
Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Activation and Dietary Sodium Restriction on Residual Albuminuria in CKD: The ViRTUE-CKD Trial
Authors: Keyzer Charlotte A. , van Breda G. Fenna , Vervloet Marc G. , de Jong Maarten A. , Laverman Gozewijn D. , Hemmelder Marc H. , Janssen Wilbert M.T. , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J. , Kwakernaak Arjan J. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Navis Gerjan , de Borst Martin H. ,   the Holland Nephrology Study (HONEST) Network
Published: November 2016

Reduction of residual albuminuria during single–agent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade is accompanied by improved cardiorenal outcomes in CKD. We studied the individual and combined effects of the vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol (PARI) and dietary sodium restriction on residual albuminuria in CKD. In a multicenter, randomized, placebo (PLAC)–controlled, crossover trial, 45 patients with nondiabetic CKD stages 1–3 and albuminuria >300 mg/24 h despite ramipril at 10 mg/d and BP<140/90 mmHg were treated for four 8-week periods with PARI (2 μg/d) or PLAC, each combined with a low-sodium (LS) or regular sodium (RS) diet. We analyzed the treatment effect by linear mixed effect models for repeated measurements. In the intention-to-treat analysis, albuminuria (geometric mean) was 1060 (95% confidence interval, 778 to 1443) mg/24 h during RS + PLAC and 990 (95% confidence interval, 755 to 1299) mg/24 h during RS + PARI (P=0.20 versus RS + PLAC). LS + PLAC reduced albuminuria to 717 (95% confidence interval, 512 to 1005) mg/24 h (P<0.001 versus RS + PLAC), and LS + PARI reduced albuminuria to 683 (95% confidence interval, 502 to 929) mg/24 h (P<0.001 versus RS + PLAC). The reduction by PARI beyond the effect of LS was nonsignificant (P=0.60). In the per-protocol analysis restricted to participants with ≥95% compliance with study medication, PARI did provide further albuminuria reduction (P=0.04 LS + PARI versus LS + PLAC). Dietary adherence was good as reflected by urinary excretion of 174±64 mmol Na+ per day in the combined RS groups and 108±61 mmol Na+ per day in the LS groups (P<0.001). In conclusion, moderate dietary sodium restriction substantially reduced residual albuminuria during fixed dose angiotensin–converting enzyme inhibition. The additional effect of PARI was small and nonsignificant.
Institutional Herding and Its Price Impact: Evidence from the Corporate Bond Market
Authors: Cai Fang , Han Song , Li Dan , Li Yi
Published: November 2016

Among growing concerns about potential financial stability risks posed by the asset management industry, herding has been considered as an important risk amplification channel. In this paper, we examine the extent to which institutional investors herd in their trading of U.S. corporate bonds and quantify the price impact of such herding behavior. We find that, relative to what is documented for the equity market, the level of institutional herding is much higher in the corporate bond market, particularly among speculative-grade bonds. In addition, mutual funds have become increasingly likely to herd when they sell, a trend not observed among insurance companies and pension funds. We also show that bond investors herd not only within a quarter, but also over adjacent quarters. Such persistence in trading is largely driven by funds imitating the trading behavior of other funds in the previous quarter. Finally, we find that there is an asymmetry in the price impact of herding. While buy herding is associated with a permanent price impact that is consistent with price discovery, sell herding results in transitory yet significant price distortions. The price destabilizing effect of sell herding is particularly strong for high-yield bonds, small bonds, and illiquid bonds and during the recent global financial crisis.
New Master’s Programme in Educational Psychology: Training Future Professionals
Authors: Egorova M.A.
Published: November 2016

The article presents main results of the project implemented within the framework of the State Contract of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 05.043.12.0018 of 23 may 2014 aimed at developing a set of academic materials for the master’s programme in School Psychology. The article explains the methodological principles underlying the design of academic courses in higher education (master’s degree level) fulfilling the requirements of activity- and competency-based approaches to the professional training of psychologists for modern schools. Particular emphasis is placed on organizing the educational process in a way that ensures the formation of competencies in students necessary for their work as qualified school counselors as defined by the professional standard. The article argues that it also is appropriate to organize teaching and learning in modules given that the content of modules correspond with the key professional skills of the school psychologist. The advantages of network interaction between partner organizations for the development of professional competencies in students are described as well.
Networking Algorithm in Educational Institutions in the Context of Modernisation of Russian Education
Authors: Zakharova A.V. , Staroverova M.S.
Published: November 2016

The paper addresses the issues of changing the structure and content of the system of higher education in response to requests coming from the state and society. As it is argued, one of the most effective management tools for universities is networking. In practice this means that educational institutions should cooperate in order to find solutions to common tasks and goals and draw on various resources (i.e. material, informational and technological, scientific etc.) making them available to all participants. The paper highlights the contradiction between the future specialists’ need for innovational technologies and the impossibility to fulfill it in the rapidly changing settings of the modern society.
Complex Situational Tasks in Assessment of Educational Outcomes in “Psychological Assessment of Students” Module of the Master’s Programme in School Psychology
Authors: Andrushchenko T.Y. , Shubina A.S.
Published: November 2016

The paper discusses the content of midterm performance evaluation of graduate students within the “Psychological Assessment” module of the master’s programme in School Psychology and focuses on the logic of the module’s design in relation to the professional standard in Educational Psychology. Complex situational tasks are considered in the modular program as the main means of assessing educational outcomes. The content of these tasks is determined by a range of diagnostic situations and closely corresponds with the real-life practice of educational psychologists. Setting complex situational tasks is related to a number of components of the educational psychologist’s professional activity in the field of psychological assessment, such as: planning the sequence of professional actions; ensuring the methodological background for assessment; taking into account deontological aspects of communication with assessed individuals; carrying out professional actions; reflecting on the process and outcomes of assessment. The paper analyses the place and role of graduate students’ self-assessment in finding solutions to complex situational tasks and offers a description of one such task that can be used in midterm performance evaluation of graduate students.
Training Graduate Students for Psychodiagnostics in the Structure of Educational Outcomes Monitoring
Authors: Shashlova G.M.
Published: November 2016

The article focuses on the stages of professional skills development in graduate students within the module “Psychological Diagnostics inChildren” (master's programme in School Psychology) based on the requirements of the professional standard and aimed at providing effective screening (monitoring) of mental development in children and adolescents in order to reveal those in need of psychological help. The article addresses the issue of instructional content selection in the module that would allow undergraduates to develop the ability and willingness to conduct unassisted psychodiagnostics in the process of monitoring children’s educational outcomes. Also, the article discusses the specifics of sharing between a university and an educational institution the responsibility for developing competencies in students required for carrying out such professional activities as screening (monitoring), processing data, interpreting data, and presenting outcomes. These aspects of work are covered in relation to the documents regulating the educational process, for instance, the Federal State Standards in General Education.
Primary School Children with Special Education Needs
Authors: Gavrilushkina O.P. , Egorova M.A.
Published: November 2016

The paper analyses the modern situation of development in elementary school children. As it is shown, children with special educational needs display a delay in social maturation. According to the outcomes of a longitudinal study on behaviour in communicative/activity situations in normally developing children and children with disabilities, at the point of school entry the following features are prominent: incomplete decentration process; low levels of verbal regulation of actions; underdeveloped dialogue functions (communicative, programming, controlling/regulative); decrease in self-regulation, programming and control; lack of position dynamics in partnership etc. The paper also provides a review of the new basic professional education programme in “Correctional and Developmental Work with Children” designed in modules and based on networking. It is argued that students graduating in this programme have mastered all competencies required for working with children with special needs.
Atrophic wrinkled plaque on face: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Gupta Savera , Morgaonkar Manjaree , Jain Suresh Kumar , Saxena Rajeev
Published: November 2016

We report an interesting case of an eight year old boy presenting with a depressed atrophic wrinkled plaque on cheek for last three years. The clinical finding of wrinkling and soft and pulpy consistency of lesion raised the possibility of elastolytic disorder but was ruled on the basis of normal elastic tissue on Verhoff stain. The histopathological findings were consistent with atrophoderma, but the lesion lacked the classical clinical features, thereby posing a diagnostic dilemma.
Occurrence of Progressive Bone Loss Around Anodized Surface Implants and Resorbable Blasting Media Implants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Hee‐Chang , Park Shin‐Young , Han Min‐Su , Lee Yong‐Moo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Seol Yang‐Jo
Published: November 2016

Background: This study evaluates occurrence of progressive bone loss (PBL) around implants with different implant surfaces.

Methods: Retrospective examination of 2,517 implants was performed in 903 patients, including 1,147 anodized‐surface implants in 454 patients and 1,370 resorbable blasting media (RBM)‐surface implants in 449 patients, which were placed from January 2006 to December 2010. Through regular check‐up radiographs and records, presence of PBL (up to >50% of fixture length) was investigated. Implant removal for any reason was regarded a failure.

Results: In total, 2,186 implants (979 anodized implants and 1,207 RBM implants) in 793 patients were included in this study. PBL was more frequently observed among anodized implants (n = 36 in 21 patients; 4%) than among RBM implants (n = 19 in 14 patients; 2%), and this difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Occurrence of PBL was significantly influenced by surface modification and implant diameter (odds ratio [OR] of anodized surface = 4.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.78 to 10.89, P = 0.001; OR of wide implants = 9.62, 95% CI = 1.13 to 81.68, P = 0.038; determined by mixed‐effects logistic regression analysis with random patient effect). However, total survival rate was significantly influenced by implant diameter and not by surface modification (P = 0.019), although effect of implant diameter was observed to be significant on anodized implants (P = 0.030).

Conclusion: Implant surface modification and implant diameter are significantly associated with occurrence of PBL.
Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increase the Risk for Periodontal Disease? A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Gamsiz‐Isik Hikmet , Kiyan Esen , Bingol Zuleyha , Baser Ulku , Ademoglu Evin , Yalcin Funda
Published: November 2016

Background: A possible association between periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested. The aim of this study is to compare periodontitis prevalence between controls and patients with OSA by assessing clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP); serum hs‐CRP was also sampled.

Methods: A case‐control study was performed that included 163 individuals: 83 individuals (18 females and 65 males) with OSA and 80 non‐OSA individuals (23 females and 57 males) as controls. The test group was classified according to OSA severity. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded, and GCF samples were collected. GCF hs‐CRP, IL‐lβ, and TNF‐α levels were analyzed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. Serum hs‐CRP was measured by latex‐enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay.

Results: Prevalence of periodontitis in the OSA group (96.4%) was significantly higher than in the control group (75% [P <0.001]). Severe periodontitis prevalence was higher in the OSA group than control group. All periodontal clinical parameters and GCF IL‐lβ concentrations were significantly higher in patients with OSA than in controls (P = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the mild OSA and moderate‐to‐severe OSA groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in GCF TNF‐α and hs‐CRP levels between the groups (P >0.05). Serum hs‐CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA. A significant correlation was found between GCF IL‐1β and all clinical parameters.

Conclusions: Results demonstrated higher prevalence of periodontitis and higher levels of GCF IL‐1β and serum hs‐CRP in patients with OSA. However, there is still a need for randomized clinical trials testing oral care interventions.
POVEZANOST SOCIJALNE KOMPETENTNOSTI DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA SA PRIHVATANJEM U GRUPI I ANTISOCIJALNIM PONAŠANJEM
Authors: Klemenović Jasmina U. , Marić Jurišin Stanislava , Nikolić Jelena
Published: November 2016

Tokom prvih godina života dete uspostavlja različite socio-emocionalne odnose koji oblikuju njegov psiho-socijalni razvoj. Pored prihvatanja od strane članova porodice, u socijalizaciji deteta od posebnog značaja su odnosi i prihvaćenost od strane vršnjaka. Socijalno kompetentno dete koristi različite podsticaje iz okoline, kao i svoje lične veštine i interesovanja, za učestvovanje u zajednici kojoj pripada. Razvoj i učenje deteta značajno su otežani ukoliko podsticaji za interakcijom izostaju ili duže vreme bivaju ometani neadekvatnim ponašanjem deteta i/ili vršnjačkim neprihvatanjem. Sa namerom da se preventivno deluje, dizajnirano je istraživanje u pet pripremnih grupa jedne predškolske ustanove u Vojvodini. Cilj istraživanja bile su veze između socijane kompetentnosti dece (N=120) i prihvaćenosti u grupi vršnjaka, te njihove sklonosti ka antisocijalnom ponašanju. Nalazi dobijeni skaliranjem i sociometrijom pokazuju da se predškolci međusobno značajno razlikuju u prihvaćenosti, socijalnom i antisocijanom ponašanju, pri čemu je uspostavljena značajna pozitivna korelacija između socijalne kompetentnosti i broja godina provedenih u ustanovi, dok su devojčice procenjene kao prihvaćenije i kompetentnije. Primećena je i značajna negativna povezanost između odbijanja i socijalne kompetentnosti kod dečaka, te antisocijalnog ponašanja i procenjene kompetentnosti dece među predškolcima ukupno, bez obzira na pol. Ustanovljeno je da antisocijalno ponašanje nije značajnije povezano sa brojem godina provedenih u ustanovi. Omogućavanje podsticajnih uslova za jačanje socijalne kompetentnosti i rano identifikovanje dece kojoj je potrebna dodatna podrška za uspostavljanje i građenje odnosa sa vršnjacima temeljni su zadaci svih koji su u kontaktu sa decom predškolskog uzrasta, posebno onih koji deluju u okviru predškolskih ustanova.
Critical and Higher Order Thinking in Online Threaded Discussions in the Slovak Context
Authors: Pisutova-Gerber Katarina , Malovicova Jana
Published: November 2016

This article describes and analyzes efforts to use collaborative asynchronous discussion forums in a three semester online education program for NGO leaders and managers in Slovakia. Slovakia, as a country with autocratic styles of teacher-centered education, presents strong barriers to the implementation of collaborative learning activities. The authors used Garrison’s four stage cognitive processing categories to analyze some of the online discussions in the program. The two higher order critical thinking categories – integration and solution – appeared in student discussions only when prompted by specific instructional techniques.
Recurring Issues Encountered by Distance Educators in Developing and Emerging Nations
Authors: Wright Clayton R. , Dhanarajan Gajaraj , Reju Sunday A.
Published: November 2016

This article explores a number of challenges faced by e-learning or distance educators in developing and emerging countries, provides a context for many of the challenges, and outlines some measures devised to overcome them. These educators must determine a sound rationale for employing online learning, recognize that technology is only part of the educational transformation process, address the lack of infrastructure and the cost of internet bandwidth and equipment, counter the cultural imperialism of courseware from Western nations, deal with limited educational resources, place a greater emphasis on quality assurance systems and change negative perceptions of distance education, respond to the needs and concerns of both students and faculty, access or develop up-to-date educational resources, and consider the implementation of mobile learning. The continued growth and success of distance education in developing and emerging nations will depend on the extent to which issues covered in this article are addressed as they bear on the quality of the learning experience provided to students.
Quality of Distance Education in Turkey: Preschool Teacher Training Case
Authors: Gultekin Mehmet
Published: November 2016

Distance education is used for teacher training at different levels and fields in Turkey. Launched in the 2000-2001 academic year and still applied by Anadolu University, the Pre-School Teacher Training Program is one of those programs offered by distance education. This study aims to evaluate Anadolu University’s Preschool Teacher Training Program in Turkey by obtaining student opinions. A total of 1,026 senior students enrolled in the Preschool Education major at the Open Education Faculty of Anadolu University participated in the survey. A questionnaire to determine the opinions of students on the program was used as a means of data collection. Means (X) and standard deviations (SD) were employed to analyze the survey data. The results showed that although the teacher candidates study at a good level, they do not have a good record of watching the television programs. The results also revealed that the opinions of teacher candidates about the textbooks, television programs, teaching practices, and academic assistance services are positive.
Gender Dependency and Cultural Independency of Science Interest in an Open and Distant Science Learning Environment
Authors: Baram-Tsabari Ayelet , Kaadni Alaa Kaadni
Published: November 2016

This study aims to describe the similarities and differences in the science interests of males and females from Israeli and Arab Middle Eastern countries, as derived from over 1,000 science questions sent to an international ask-a-scientist site. Our findings indicate that while the stereotypical gender gap in interest persists, and significant differences were found between the age groups, no significant differences were found between science questions that were sent by Israelis and Arabs. Furthermore, no correlation was found between female participation and the state of gender equity in the country, and only 1% of the questions made any reference to country-specific, local, or religious aspects. One may conclude that science interests are gender- and age-dependent but culturally-independent in this asynchronous, open and distant science learning environment. Further research is needed in order to determine if this is a genuine attribute of science interest in ODL environments or an outcome of the digital divide in the region.
Psychosocial Well-Being of Israeli Students and Attitudes toward Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Kurtz Gila , Amichai-Hamburger Yair , Kantor Jeffrey
Published: November 2016

This article reports on a study conducted in Israel at an academic institution. The study investigates the correlation between students’ attitudes toward open and distance learning (ODL) and their perceived self-esteem and loneliness at the last stage of their online learning experience. For this study, 120 students were asked to complete a questionnaire. The students were enrolled in three fully online academic courses, which were similar in their instructional design approach although different in content. Findings reveal that there is a positive correlation between self-esteem and attitudes toward e-learning in general and toward online interaction with the instructor in particular. The findings further suggest that there is no correlation between loneliness and student attitudes toward e-learning. Some explanations for these results are raised as are recommendations for further research.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Service of Multiculturalism
Authors: Hoter Elaine , Shonfeld Miri , Ganayim Asmaa
Published: November 2016

This paper presents an online inter-group contact hypothesis (OICH) model, developed within the Israel education system, whereby online and distance learning (ODL) is used in the service of multiculturalism. The goal is to build bridges among secular and religious Arabs and Jews in Israel based on small multicultural groups and collaborative learning through effective use of the Internet and other cutting-edge information technologies. The model expands the contact hypothesis (which holds that under the right conditions contact could reduce bias between groups) to a model for online collaboration. It adds the gradual development of contact between the groups by progressing from individual asynchronous textual communication to individual synchronous audio communication combined with collaborative asynchronous communication to collaborative synchronous communication and finally to face-to-face communication.