bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple linear regression model for the prediction of Changma onset date in Korea
Authors: Choi Ki‐Seon , Kang Sung‐Dae , Kim Hae‐Dong
Published: August 2013

In this research, the multiple linear regression models for the prediction of the Changma onset in Korea have been developed. The predictors are based on correlation analysis between Changma onset dates over 30 years (1973–2002), and the winds and geopotential heights at high, middle, and low levels of the troposphere during the preceding 6 months (December to May). The clearest correlation was observed at 850 hPa geopotential height field in the preceding April among 6 months. The fundamental meaning of this model indicates that Changma in Korea comes earlier when the Mascarene high becomes languished and the tropical storms around India and western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) become strengthened. The reliability of this model has been tested and proved by statistical cross‐validation analysis, and additionally, has been analysed for differences in the 850 hPa stream flows for those years that Changma comes earlier and later. From the preceding April onwards, the Mascarene high tends to become weakened so that the cross‐equatorial flow is strengthened along the African east coast. The cross‐equatorial flow fortifies the tropical storms around Indian as it moves to the east. In the long run, the flow is influenced so that the WNPSH is more developed to the north, influencing Changma rain band to move north faster.

To determine why Changma comes later in Korea, the water equivalent of accumulated snow depth (WEASD) difference between the late and early onset phases in the preceding April has been analysed. The result indicated that WEASD had a positive value for most East Asian regions. Since the snow reflects solar radiation by the Albedo effect, it decreases the difference in temperature between continents and oceans by decreasing the surface air temperature. The result has been confirmed by analysing the sensible heat net flux (SHTFL) difference between the two phases. In this way, small temperature gaps between continents and oceans weaken the WNPSH allowing Changma rain band to more slowly move north.
Efficient Catalytic Activity of Transition Metal Ions in Vilsmeier–Haack Reactions with Acetophenones
Authors: Aneesa F. , Rajanna K. C. , Venkateswarlu M. , Reddy K. Rajendar , Kumar Y. Arun
Published: August 2013

Vilsmeier–Haack (VH) formylation reactions with acetophenones are sluggish in acetonitrile medium even at elevated temperatures. However, millimolar concentrations of transition metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to exhibit efficient catalytic activity in Vilsmeier–Haack Reactions with acetophenones. Reactions are accelerated remarkably in the presence of transition metal ions. The VH reactions followed second order kinetics and afforded acetyl derivatives under kinetic conditions also irrespective of the nature of oxychloride (POCl3 or SOCl2) used for the preparation of VH reagent along with DMF. On the basis of UV–vis spectroscopic studies and kinetic observations, participation of a ternary precursor [M(II) S (VHR)] in the rate‐limiting step has been proposed to explain the mechanism of the metal ion–catalyzed VH reaction.
Infinite‐energy solutions for the Cahn–Hilliard equation in cylindrical domains
Authors: Eden A. , Kalantarov V.K. , Zelik S.V.
Published: August 2013

We give a detailed study of the infinite‐energy solutions of the Cahn–Hilliard equation in the 3D cylindrical domains in uniformly local phase space. In particular, we establish the well‐posedness and dissipativity for the case of regular potentials of arbitrary polynomial growth as well as for the case of sufficiently strong singular potentials. For these cases, we prove the further regularity of solutions and the existence of a global attractor. For the cases where we have failed to prove the uniqueness (e.g., for the logarithmic potentials), we establish the existence of the trajectory attractor and study its properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of glucan phosphorylation using heteronuclear 1H,13C double and 1H,13C,31P triple‐resonance NMR spectra
Authors: Schmieder Peter , Nitschke Felix , Steup Martin , Mallow Keven , Specker Edgar
Published: August 2013

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of starch and glycogen are important for their physicochemical properties and also their physiological functions. It is therefore desirable to reliably determine the phosphorylation sites. Heteronuclear multidimensional NMR‐spectroscopy is in principle a straightforward analytical approach even for complex carbohydrate molecules. With heterogeneous samples from natural sources, however, the task becomes more difficult because a full assignment of the resonances of the carbohydrates is impossible to obtain. Here, we show that the combination of heteronuclear 1H,13C and 1H,13C,31P techniques and information derived from spectra of a set of reference compounds can lead to an unambiguous determination of the phosphorylation sites even in heterogeneous samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spotlight on solar farms
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne , Hillier David
Published: August 2013

Solar energy is the most abundant of all renewable energy sources, and the development pressures for solar farms have grown rapidly in the last 5 years within the UK. With this in mind, this paper outlines the characteristics of solar farms, describes their development within the UK, examines some of the issues raised by these developments and offers a concluding discussion of the contributions that public and media relations firms can make to the development of solar farms. The paper reveals that solar farms have been developed on both agricultural land and brownfield sites and that the development pressures are greatest in the South West and South East of England. The findings reveal that proposals to develop solar farms have generated a wide range of environmental, community and economic issues and that public relations companies have an important role to play in fostering the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subsequent malignancies and their effect on survival in patients with retinoblastoma
Authors: Shinohara Eric T. , DeWees Todd , Perkins Stephanie M.
Published: August 2013

Background

As cure rates for retinoblastoma have improved, it is clear that patients with hereditary retinoblastoma experience increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs).

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we evaluated risk of SMNs in survivors or retinoblastoma. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare number of deaths observed to the expected number for the cohort. Cumulative incidence of SMNs and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of observed to expected SMNs were calculated

Results

A total of 595 patients were included in the analysis. Cumulative incidence of secondary malignancy at 30 years for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease was 1.7% and 28.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). SIRs of subsequent malignancies for patients with unilateral and bilateral disease were 2.1 (95% CI = 0.6–5.4) and 38.3 (95% CI = 24.3–57.5), respectively. Patients with bilateral disease treated with and without radiotherapy both experienced an increased risk of SMNs (SIRs = 45.9, 95% CI = 26.8–73.6 and 27.3, 95% CI = 10.0–59.4, respectively). The most common cause of death for the patients with bilateral disease was subsequent malignancy (52% of deaths). Beginning in the 1990s, there was a significant decrease in the use of radiotherapy as 30.5% of patients received radiotherapy in the 1980s compared to 2.6% after 1999 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Survivors of bilateral retinoblastoma experience an increased risk of SMNs which adversely affects survival. The use of radiotherapy in the management of retinoblastoma has declined; however, patients with bilateral disease remain at an increased risk of subsequent cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:116–119. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives before and after iPledge in the United States
Authors: Pinheiro Simone P. , Kang Elizabeth M. , Kim Clara Y. , Governale Laura A. , Zhou Esther H. , Hammad Tarek A.
Published: August 2013

Purpose

The major concern associated with isotretinoin treatment is its high teratogenic potential. Therefore, ensuring use of contraception while on therapy is an important strategy for at‐risk patients and has been emphasized in all risk management programs. iPledge, the latest and most rigorous isotretinoin program, requires, among other stipulations, monthly assessments of contraceptive use for patients undergoing isotretinoin treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate isotretinoin usage patterns and assess concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives before and after iPledge.

Methods

Female patients aged 13–45 years with a new prescription for isotretinoin products during 2004–2008 were identified in the IMS Health longitudinal prescription claims database. Monthly concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives was estimated. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series data was used to assess changes in monthly proportion of concomitant use in the 24 months preceding versus following iPledge implementation.

Results

The number of isotretinoin prescriptions decreased after iPledge implementation. A small but significant increase in monthly proportion of patients concomitantly using isotretinoin and contraceptive therapies was observed immediately after iPledge implementation (1.3%, p‐value = 0.02), particularly among younger patients (2.5%, p‐value < 0.01). No changes in the proportion of concomitancy over time (i.e. slope) between the periods before and after iPledge implementation were observed.

Conclusion

The findings of this pharmacy prescription claims‐based study suggest a small increase in concomitant use of isotretinoin and contraceptives coincident with the time of implementation of iPledge, particularly among younger women. Published 2013. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Antibiotics prescribed before, during and after pregnancy in the Netherlands: a drug utilization study
Authors: de Jonge Linda , Bos H. Jens , van Langen Irene M. , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T. W. , Bakker Marian K.
Published: August 2013

Purpose

To describe the prescription of antibiotics before, during and after pregnancy, and the trends over a 16‐year period in the Netherlands, and to determine whether they were prescribed according to national guidelines.

Methods

The IADB (http://iadb.nl) contains prescriptions dispensed by community pharmacies in the Netherlands. We extracted information on 18 873 pregnancies for 14 969 women between 1994 and 2009, focusing on antibiotics dispensed in the four trimesters before conception to two trimesters after birth (nine trimesters in total). We calculated trends in prescription rates during pregnancy and over time, and also compared the prescription of antibiotics in the Netherlands with safety category based on the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee.

Results

During pregnancy 20.8% of the women were prescribed at least one antibiotic. The ‘beta‐lactam antibacterials/penicillins’ group and the specific antibiotic amoxicillin were most commonly prescribed in the nine trimesters covered. The prescription rate of the ‘other antibacterials’ group during pregnancy increased over the years, in contrast to that of the ‘sulphonamides/trimethoprim’ group, which decreased. In total, 2.0% of pregnancies were exposed to a ‘potentially harmful’ antibiotic and 0.8% to a ‘harmful’ antibiotic. Compared with the period before conception, ‘safe’ antibiotics were prescribed more often during pregnancy than the other groups.

Conclusions

One in five women was prescribed at least one antibiotic during pregnancy in the Netherlands, which is comparable with rates in other European countries. Our results suggest that antibiotics appear to be prescribed to pregnant women generally in accordance with national recommendations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysulfone–polyaniline‐type membranes obtained in a steady‐state system: Structural and hydrodynamic characteristics
Authors: Batrinescu Gheorghe , Constantin Mirela Alina , Cuciureanu Adriana , Nechifor Gheorghe
Published: August 2013

Structural and hydrodynamic characteristics of polysulfone–polyaniline‐type membranes (Psf‐PANI) are depending on a number of parameters. The present article details the influence upon such membrane of the characteristics of obtaining process, type of monomer used in generating the composite membrane and pH of the solution permeating the membranes (for flow characterization). Membranes were obtained in a steady‐state process, using an inversion phase technique accompanied by an in situ chemical reaction. The composite character of the material is a result of inserting, in the pre‐existing porous polymer structure (polysulfone, Psf) of a second monomer (aniline or substituted anilines, e.g., amino‐benzoic acid, 3ABA) through an oxidative polycondensation reaction. The steady‐state process ensures a constant and reproducible structure of the composite material. As the study shows, from the two types of obtained composite membranes, the one that uses aniline polycondensation on polysulfone substrate presents better performances, compared with the one that uses substituted aniline in polycondensation (Psf‐P3ABA). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1640–1647, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
One‐pot synthesis of hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone)s for the modification of bismaleimide resins
Authors: Tang Haoyu , Fan Xinghe , Shen Zhihao , Zhou Qifeng
Published: August 2013

Hyperbranched poly(aryl ether ketone)s with hydroxyl end groups (HBP‐OH) and high degree of branching value (83%) were synthesized via an A2 + B3 approach. The polymerization conditions (e.g., polymerization temperature and time, monomer concentration, stoichiometric ratio of functional groups) were explored to avoid the gelation. Allyl‐terminated hyperbranched PAEKs (HBP‐AL) with low molecular weight (Mn = 3.4 × 103) and narrow polydispersity (PDI = 1.65) were obtained via the etherification of HBP‐OH and it has been used for the modification of bismaleimide (BMI) resins. The prepolymers showed good processibilities with a viscosity below 0.6 Pa s at 110°C, though the viscosities slightly increased as the increase of HBP‐AL contents. The cured BMI resins showed high glass transition temperatures (Tg > 320°C) and good thermal stabilities (Td > 400°C, both in nitrogen and air). It is inspiring to note that the incorporation of HBP‐AL into BMI matrix results in a significant enhancement of toughness without any noticeable loss in modulus, processibility, and Tg. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1675–1685, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Isotope effects and temperature dependences in the action of the glucose dehydrogenase of the mesophilic bacterium Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Anandarajah Kandiah , Schowen K. Barbara , Schowen Richard L.
Published: August 2013

The glucose dehydrogenase of the mesophilic bacterium Bacillus megaterium (optimal growth around 35 °C) exhibits non‐linear Eyring temperature dependences from 25 to 55 °C in its catalysis of the oxidation by hydride‐transfer to NAD+ of the β‐anomers of 1‐h‐D‐glucose and 1‐d‐D‐glucose (rate constant kcat/KMβ). A break around 300 K separates a high‐T region from a low‐T region. In the high‐T region, isotopic enthalpies of activation within a considerable experimental error are equal to zero. In the low‐T region, the enthalpies of activation are roughly equal for the isotopic substrates but are different from zero. An alternative treatment with Eyring plots taken as effectively linear produces enthalpies of activation having the unusual feature of being larger for the H‐substrate (26 kJ/mol) than for the D‐substrate (21 kJ/mol). Compensation of the enthalpic effect by a more positive entropy for the H‐substrate then reproduces the isotope effects. In previous work on oxidation by NADP+ of the same pair of isotopic glucose substrates, catalysis by the glucose dehydrogenase of Thermoplasma acidophilum, a thermophilic archaeon, led to temperature dependences characterized by a high‐T region and a low‐T region separated by a gentle thermal transition. Tentative approaches to a mechanistic interpretation of both cases rely on models featuring configurational searches of the enzyme for tunneling states, followed by hydrogen‐transfer tunneling, although explanations can be constructed also on the basis of simple transition‐state stabilization without tunnelling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining the limits of homology modeling in information‐driven protein docking
Authors: Rodrigues J. P. G. L. M. , Melquiond A. S. J. , Karaca E. , Trellet M. , van Dijk M. , van Zundert G. C. P. , Schmitz C. , de Vries S. J. , Bordogna A. , Bonati L. , Kastritis P. L. , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J.
Published: August 2013

Information‐driven docking is currently one of the most successful approaches to obtain structural models of protein interactions as demonstrated in the latest round of CAPRI. While various experimental and computational techniques can be used to retrieve information about the binding mode, the availability of three‐dimensional structures of the interacting partners remains a limiting factor. Fortunately, the wealth of structural information gathered by large‐scale initiatives allows for homology‐based modeling of a significant fraction of the protein universe. Defining the limits of information‐driven docking based on such homology models is therefore highly relevant. Here we show, using previous CAPRI targets, that out of a variety of measures, the global sequence identity between template and target is a simple but reliable predictor of the achievable quality of the docking models. This indicates that a well‐defined overall fold is critical for the interaction. Furthermore, the quality of the data at our disposal to characterize the interaction plays a determinant role in the success of the docking. Given reliable interface information we can obtain acceptable predictions even at low global sequence identity. These results, which define the boundaries between trustworthy and unreliable predictions, should guide both experts and nonexperts in defining the limits of what is achievable by docking. This is highly relevant considering that the fraction of the interactome amenable for docking is only bound to grow as the number of experimentally solved structures increases. Proteins 2013; 81:2119–2128. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐energy ion scattering: Determining overlayer thickness for functionalized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Rafati Ali , ter Veen Rik , Castner David G.
Published: August 2013

With the widespread use of engineered nanoparticles for biomedical applications, detailed surface characterization is essential for ensuring reproducibility and the quality/suitability of the surface chemistry to the task at hand. One important surface property to be quantified is the overlayer thickness of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalized nanoparticles, as this information provides insight into SAM ordering and assembly. We demonstrate the application of high sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering (HS‐LEIS) as a new analytical method for the fast thickness characterization of SAM functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). HS‐LEIS demonstrates that a complete SAM is formed on 16‐mercaptohexadecanoic acid (C16COOH) functionalized 14 nm AuNPs. HS‐LEIS also experimentally provides SAM thickness values that are in good agreement with previously reported results from simulated electron spectra for surface analysis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. These results indicate HS‐LEIS is a valuable surface analytical method for the characterization of SAM functionalized nanomaterials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocatalytic Self‐Assembly of Nanostructured Peptide Microparticles using Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Bai Shuo , Debnath Sisir , Gibson Kirsty , Schlicht Barbara , Bayne Lauren , Zagnoni Michele , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: August 2013

Uniformly‐sized, nanostructured peptide microparticles are generated by exploiting the ability of enzymes to serve (i) as catalysts, to control self‐assembly within monodisperse, surfactant‐stabilized water‐in‐oil microdroplets, and (ii) as destabilizers of emulsion interfaces, to enable facile transfer of the produced microparticles to water. This approach combines the advantages of biocatalytic self‐assembly with the compartmentalization properties enabled by droplet microfluidics. Firstly, using microfluidic techniques, precursors of self‐assembling peptide derivatives and enzymes are mixed in the microdroplets which upon catalytic conversion undergo molecular self‐assembly into peptide particles, depending on the chemical nature of the precursors. Due to their amphiphilic nature, enzymes adsorb at the water‐surfactant‐oil interface of the droplets, inducing the transfer of peptide microparticles from the oil to the aqueous phase. Ultimately, through washing steps, enzymes can be removed from the microparticles which results in uniformely‐sized particles composed of nanostructured aromatic peptide amphiphiles.
Symmetry classes for odd‐order tensors
Authors: Olive M. , Auffray N.
Published: August 2013

We give a complete general answer to the problem, recurrent in continuum mechanics, of determining the number and type of symmetry classes of an odd‐order tensor space. This kind of investigation was initiated for the space of elasticity tensors. Since then, this problem has been solved for other kinds of physics such as photoelectricity, piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity, and strain‐gradient elasticity. In all the aforementioned papers, the results are obtained after some lengthy computations. In a former contribution we provide general theorems that solve the problem for even‐order tensor spaces. In this paper we extend these results to the situation of odd‐order tensor spaces. As an illustration of this method, and for the first time, the symmetry classes of all odd‐order tensors of Mindlin second strain‐gradient elasticity are provided.
W and Z bosons in association with two jets using the POWHEG method
Authors: Campbell John M. , Ellis R. Keith , Nason Paolo , Zanderighi Giulia
Published: August 2013

Abstract

In this work we present the implementation of generators for W and Z bosons in association with two jets interfaced to parton showers using the method. We incorporate matrix elements from the parton-level Monte Carlo program MCFM in the POWHEG-BOX, allowing for a considerable improvement in speed compared to previous implementations. We address certain problems that arise when processes that are singular at the Born level are implemented in a shower framework using either a generation cut or a Born suppression factor to yield weighted events. In such a case, events with very large weights can be generated after the shower through a number of mechanisms. Events with very small transverse momentum at the Born level can develop large transverse momentum either after the hardest emission, after the shower, or after the inclusion of multi-parton interactions. We present a solution to this problem that can be easily implemented in the . We also show that a full solution to this problem can only be achieved if the generator maintains physical validity also when the transverse momentum of the emitted partons becomes unresolved. One such scheme is the recently-proposed MiNLO method for the choice of scale and the exponentiation of Sudakov form factors in NLO computations. We present a validation study of our generators, by comparing their output to available LHC data. Furthermore, we suggest an observable that is very sensitive to the modeling of multi-parton interactions, that may be studied in both W and Z production in association with two jets.
Voluntarism as an investment in human, social and financial capital: evidence from a farmer-to-farmer extension program in Kenya
Authors: Kiptot Evelyne , Franzel Steven
Published: August 2013

A decline in public sector extension services in developing countries has led to an increasing emphasis on alternative extension approaches that are participatory, demand-driven, client-oriented, and farmer centered. One such approach is the volunteer farmer-trainer (VFT) approach, a form of farmer-to-farmer extension where VFTs host demonstration plots and share information on improved agricultural practices within their community. VFTs are trained by extension staff and they in turn train other farmers. A study was conducted to understand the rationale behind the decisions of smallholder farmers to volunteer their time and resources to train other farmers without pay and to continue volunteering. Data were gathered through focus group discussions and individual interviews involving 99 VFTs. Findings of the study showed that VFTs were motivated by a combination of personal and community interests that were influenced by religious beliefs, cultural norms, and social and economic incentives. Altruism, gaining knowledge and skills, and social benefits were the most frequently mentioned motivating factors for becoming VFTs.3 years after starting, the income earned from selling associated inputs and services was also a main motivating factor. There were no significant differences between motivating factors for men and women VFTs. The findings point to the fact that VFTs work effectively without being paid, but investments in human, social, and financial capital are crucial to keeping them motivated. These factors are key to ensuring the sustainability of farmer-to-farmer extension programs beyond the projects’ lifespan.
Ethics in Health Technology Assessment: Understanding Health Technologies as Policies
Authors: Giacomini Mita , Winsor Shawn , Abelson Julia
Published: August 2013

Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies strive to broaden their analyses to address more policy-relevant dimensions, including ethics. This trend has been described as transforming HTA to health technology policy analysis. A related social science concept, technology-as-policy, suggests useful directions for integrating ethics analysis into technology assessments. It challenges the HTA field to shift its focus from ethics to values and from evidence to intelligence. We describe these key concepts using recent Canadian and international innovations in HTA to illustrate promising trends.
The Ethics of Executive Compensation in the Canadian Public Health System
Authors: Parslow Harry , Nelson K. Dwight
Published: August 2013

The method of executive compensation in the Canadian public health system presently contains complex ethical issues related to transparency and fairness, not only within single organizations, but across provinces, and in comparison with other wage earners. The increasing interest of the public, elected officials, and health decision makers in public sector compensation will bring heightened scrutiny and intervention in the future. This article explores some of the current ethical issues of executive compensation and their implications and points to reform initiatives for the future.
Jugglers, Tightrope Walkers, and Ringmasters: Priority Setting, Allocation, and Reducing Moral Burden
Authors: Wasylenko Eric
Published: August 2013

Health system leaders, engaged in priority setting and resource allocation activities, seek means to make and justify good decisions. Values and ethics considerations can assist, but the work of developing coherent, useful ethics frameworks is just beginning. Ethical foundations underlay substantive and procedural considerations, including the need for genuine citizen involvement in priority setting activities. Difficult decisions that affect citizens, staff, and organizational partners can result in moral burden for health system leaders. Decision making based on co-determined values and inclusive processes can be expected to reduce some of that burden.
The seven sins of consumer psychology
Authors: Pham Michel Tuan
Published: August 2013

Consumer psychology faces serious issues of internal and external relevance. Most of these issues originate in seven fundamental problems with the way consumer psychologists plan and conduct their research—problems that could be called “the seven sins of consumer psychology.” These seven “sins” are (1) a narrow conception of the scope of consumer behavior research; (2) adoption of a narrow set of theoretical lenses; (3) adherence to a narrow epistemology of consumer research; (4) an almost exclusive emphasis on psychological processes as opposed to psychological content; (5) a strong tendency to overgeneralize from finite empirical results, both as authors and as reviewers; (6) a predisposition to design studies based on methodological convenience rather than on substantive considerations; and (7) a pervasive confusion between “theories of studies” and studies of theories. Addressing these problems (“atoning for these sins”) would greatly enhance the relevance of the field. However, this may require a substantial rebalancing of the field's incentives to reward actual research impact rather than sheer number of publications in major journals.
Access to Multiple Sclerosis Specialty Care
Authors: Turner Aaron P. , Chapko Michael K. , Yanez David , Leipertz Steve L. , Sloan Alicia P. , Whitham Ruth H. , Haselkorn Jodie K.
Published: August 2013

Background

Health care providers recommend an annual visit to a multiple sclerosis specialty care provider.

Objective

To examine potential barriers to the implementation of this recommendation in the Veterans Health Administration.

Design

Observational cohort study.

Setting

Veterans Health Administration.

Participants

Participants were drawn from the Veterans Affairs Multiple Sclerosis National Data Repository and were included if they had an outpatient visit in 2007 and were alive in 2008 (N = 14,723).

Main Outcome Measurements

Specialty care visit, receipt of medical services.

Results

A total of 9643 (65.5%) participants had a specialty care visit in 2007. Veterans who were service connected, had greater medical comorbidity, and who lived in urban settings were more likely to have received a specialty care visit. Veterans who were older and had to travel greater distances to a center were less likely to have a specialty care visit.

Conclusions

Access to care in rural areas and areas at a greater distance from a major medical center represent notable barriers to rehabilitation and other multiple sclerosis–related care.
The dual dynamics of policy advisory systems: The impact of externalization and politicization on policy advice
Authors: Craft Jonathan , Howlett Michael
Published: August 2013

The concept of “policy advisory systems” was introduced by Halligan in 1995 as a way to characterize and analyze the multiple sources of policy advice utilized by governments in policy-making processes. The concept has proved useful and has influenced thinking about both the nature of policy work in different advisory venues, as well as how these systems work and change over time. This article sets out existing models of policy advisory systems based on Halligan's original thinking on the subject which emphasize the significance of location or proximity to authoritative decision-makers as a key facet of advisory system influence. It assesses how advisory systems have changed as a result of the dual effects of the increased use of external consultants and others sources of advice — ‘externalization’ — and the increased use of partisan-political advice inside government itself — ‘politicization’. It is argued that these twin dynamics have blurred traditionally sharp distinctions between both the content of inside and outside sources of advice and between the technical and political dimensions of policy formulation, ultimately affecting where influence in advisory systems lies.
Intra-Abdominal Hypertension
Authors: Malbrain Manu , De Waele Jan
Published: August 2013

Despite increasing interest in intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) as causes of significant morbidity and mortality among the critically ill, unanswered questions cloud the understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions: • Are IAH and ACS synonymous? • What are the ideal methods of measuring and lowering intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)? • When should we think of IAH? • Can IAH be prevented? • What level of IAP requires abdominal decompression? Written by two experts in critical care and IAP, Intra-Abdominal Hypertension is a distillation of the current literature and furthers the understanding of these complex critical conditions. Using a step-by-step approach and illustrative figures, this clinical handbook presents a concise overview of consensus definitions, measurement methods, organ assessment and treatment options. Intra-Abdominal Hypertension is essential reading for all members of the intensive care multidisciplinary team, including experienced and junior physicians, anesthetists and nurses.
The Quest for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nilsson Nils J.
Published: August 2013

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field within computer science that is attempting to build enhanced intelligence into computer systems. This book traces the history of the subject, from the early dreams of eighteenth-century (and earlier) pioneers to the more successful work of today's AI engineers. AI is becoming more and more a part of everyone's life. The technology is already embedded in face-recognizing cameras, speech-recognition software, Internet search engines, and health-care robots, among other applications. The book's many diagrams and easy-to-understand descriptions of AI programs will help the casual reader gain an understanding of how these and other AI systems actually work. Its thorough (but unobtrusive) end-of-chapter notes containing citations to important source materials will be of great use to AI scholars and researchers. This book promises to be the definitive history of a field that has captivated the imaginations of scientists, philosophers, and writers for centuries.
Underwater Cultural Heritage and International Law
Authors: Dromgoole Sarah
Published: August 2013

The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, which entered into force internationally in 2009, is designed to deal with threats to underwater cultural heritage arising as a result of advances in deep-water technology. However, the relationship between this new treaty and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is deeply controversial. This study of the international legal framework regulating human interference with underwater cultural heritage explores the development and present status of the framework and gives some consideration to how it may evolve in the future. The central themes are the issues that provided the UNESCO negotiators with their greatest challenges: the question of ownership rights in sunken vessels and cargoes; sovereign immunity and sunken warships; the application of salvage law; the ethics of commercial exploitation; and, most crucially, the question of jurisdictional competence to regulate activities beyond territorial sea limits.
The Cold War in South Asia
Authors: McGarr Paul M.
Published: August 2013

The Cold War in South Asia provides the first comprehensive and transnational history of Anglo-American relations with South Asia during a seminal period in the history of the Indian Subcontinent, between independence in the late 1940s, and the height of the Cold War in the late 1960s. Drawing upon significant new evidence from British, American, Indian and Eastern bloc archives, the book re-examines how and why the Cold War in South Asia evolved in the way that it did, at a time when the national leaderships, geopolitical outlooks and regional aspirations of India, Pakistan and their superpower suitors were in a state of considerable flux. The book probes the factors which encouraged the governments of Britain and the United States to work so closely together in South Asia during the two decades after independence, and suggests what benefits, if any, Anglo-American intervention in South Asia's affairs delivered, and to whom.
Lambda Calculus with Types
Authors: Barendregt Henk , Dekkers Wil , Statman Richard
Published: August 2013

This handbook with exercises reveals in formalisms, hitherto mainly used for hardware and software design and verification, unexpected mathematical beauty. The lambda calculus forms a prototype universal programming language, which in its untyped version is related to Lisp, and was treated in the first author's classic The Lambda Calculus (1984). The formalism has since been extended with types and used in functional programming (Haskell, Clean) and proof assistants (Coq, Isabelle, HOL), used in designing and verifying IT products and mathematical proofs. In this book, the authors focus on three classes of typing for lambda terms: simple types, recursive types and intersection types. It is in these three formalisms of terms and types that the unexpected mathematical beauty is revealed. The treatment is authoritative and comprehensive, complemented by an exhaustive bibliography, and numerous exercises are provided to deepen the readers' understanding and increase their confidence using types.
Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, etc.
Authors: Holland Henry
Published: August 2013

Sir Henry Holland (1788–1873) was a passionate and intrepid traveller from a young age. In addition to a distinguished career as court physician - first to Caroline of Brunswick, then to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert - he sought to keep two months of each year free to travel. His trip to Greece formed part of a European tour that Holland undertook in 1812–13 after having taken his medical degree at Edinburgh. Holland focuses on the lesser-known islands and parts of Macedonia and Albania, and gives a unique first-hand account of the Albanian vizier Ali Pasha (1740–1822), whom he befriended while visiting his court. The publication of Holland's travelogue in 1815 enhanced his reputation greatly and he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society that year. The book contributed to the early nineteenth-century fascination with Greece that would later lead Lord Byron to join the Greek War of Independence.
The Collected Works of William Morris
Authors: Morris William , Morris May
Published: August 2013

A creative titan of the Victorian age, William Morris (1834–96) produced a prodigious variety of literary and artistic work in his lifetime. In addition to his achievements as a versatile designer at the forefront of the arts and crafts movement, Morris distinguished himself as a poet, translated Icelandic sagas and classical epics, wrote a series of influential prose romances, and gave lectures promoting his socialist principles. His collected works, originally published in 24 volumes between 1910 and 1915, were edited by his daughter Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938), whose introductions to each volume chart with insight and sympathy the development of her father's literary, aesthetic and political passions. Volume 4 contains the second part of The Earthly Paradise (1868–70), Morris' ambitious collection of verse tales.
History of Brazil
Authors: Southey Robert
Published: August 2013

Robert Southey (1774–1843), Romantic poet and friend of Coleridge, was poet laureate from 1813 to 1843. As well as being distinguished in verse, he also produced successful historical works and was a noted scholar of Portuguese. Between 1810 and 1819 he published this influential three-volume history, drawing on his extensive collection of Portuguese and Spanish books. Originally intended to be part of a larger work on the history of Portugal, this project evolved to focus on Brazil, beginning with its discovery and colonisation by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century and concluding with the relocation of the Portuguese court to Brazil during the Peninsular War. Volume 3 covers the period from 1686 to 1808, when the seat of the Portuguese monarchy was moved from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. It concludes with a thorough review of the progress of Brazil in the eighteenth century.
Notes on the Mineralogy, Government and Condition of the British West India Islands and North-American Maritime Colonies
Authors: Cochrane Thomas
Published: August 2013

The most renowned naval officer of the mid-nineteenth century, Thomas Cochrane, Tenth Earl of Dundonald (1775–1860), served in wars against Spain and France, retiring as an admiral in the Royal Navy. He was also an M.P., vociferously calling for naval reform in Parliament. Due to a financial scandal, he left the Royal Navy for a period and became a celebrated mercenary, commanding naval forces in the wars of independence of Chile, Peru, Brazil and Greece. First published in 1851, this work contains notes on a voyage of 1849 around the West Indies and North America. Describing the peoples and geography encountered, it offers progressive remarks on the end of slavery, criticisms of plantation owners, and suggestions for commercial improvements. The book remains of enduring interest to scholars of naval, colonial and Caribbean history.
Adorno's Practical Philosophy
Authors: Freyenhagen Fabian
Published: August 2013

Adorno notoriously asserted that there is no 'right' life in our current social world. This assertion has contributed to the widespread perception that his philosophy has no practical import or coherent ethics, and he is often accused of being too negative. Fabian Freyenhagen reconstructs and defends Adorno's practical philosophy in response to these charges. He argues that Adorno's deep pessimism about the contemporary social world is coupled with a strong optimism about human potential, and that this optimism explains his negative views about the social world, and his demand that we resist and change it. He shows that Adorno holds a substantive ethics, albeit one that is minimalist and based on a pluralist conception of the bad - a guide for living less wrongly. His incisive study does much to advance our understanding of Adorno, and is also an important intervention into current debates in moral philosophy.
International Economics and Business
Authors: Beugelsdijk Sjoerd , Brakman Steven , Garretsen Harry , Marrewijk Charles van
Published: August 2013

With a new title (following the successful first edition of Nations and Firms in the Global Economy), this second edition undergraduate textbook combines the dual perspectives of international economics and international business, providing a complete overview of the changing role of nations and firms in the global economy. International Economics and Business covers the key concepts typically included in an introductory course on the global economy, supported by contemporary case studies from the international business world. The result is a practical guide to the world economy for undergraduate students in economics and business, also suitable for students in other social science disciplines. Updated to include the latest theoretical insights, data and case studies, with online quizzes, data exercises and additional reading, International Economics and Business is a lively and engaging textbook providing a complete and practical understanding of international economics and globalization through a uniquely integrated lens.
Shelley and the Apprehension of Life
Authors: Wilson Ross
Published: August 2013

Percy Bysshe Shelley, in the essay 'On Life' (1819), stated 'We live on, and in living we lose the apprehension of life'. Ross Wilson uses this statement as a starting point to explore Shelley's fundamental beliefs about life and the significance of poetry. Drawing on a wide range of Shelley's own writing and on philosophical thinking from Plato to the present, this book offers a timely intervention in the debate about what Romantic poets understood by 'life'. For Shelley, it demonstrates poetry is emphatically 'living melody', which stands in resolute contrast to a world in which life does not live. Wilson argues that Shelley's concern with the opposition between 'living' and 'the apprehension of life' is fundamental to his work and lies at the heart of Romantic-era thought.
Knowing and Not Knowing in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Rosenblatt Paul C. , Wieling Elizabeth
Published: August 2013

In the extensive literature on couples and intimacy, little has been written about knowing and not knowing as people experience and understand them. Based on intensive interviews with thirty-seven adults, this book shows that knowing and not knowing are central to couple relationships. They are entangled in love, sexual attraction, trust, commitment, caring, empathy, decision making, conflict, and many other aspects of couple life. Often the entanglement is paradoxical. For example, many interviewees revealed that they hungered to be known and yet kept secrets from their partner. Many described working hard at knowing their partner well, and yet there were also things about their partner and their partner's past that they wanted not to know. This book's qualitative, phenomenological approach builds on and adds to the largely quantitative social psychological, communications and family field literature to offer a new and accessible insight into the experience of intimacy.
Postmodern Utopias and Feminist Fictions
Authors: Wagner-Lawlor Jennifer A.
Published: August 2013

This study examines feminist speculative fiction from the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, and finds within it a new vision for the future. Rejecting notions of postmodern utopia as exclusionary, Jennifer A. Wagner-Lawlor advances one defined in terms of hospitality, casting what she calls 'imaginative sympathy' as the foundation of utopian desire. Tracing these themes through the works of Atwood, Butler, Lessing and Winterson, as well as those of well-known Muslim feminists such as El Saadawi, Parsipur and Mernissi, Wagner-Lawlor balances literary analysis with innovative extensions of feminist philosophy to show how inclusionary utopian thinking can inform and promote political agency. Examining these contemporary fictions reveals the rewards of attending to a community that acknowledges difference, diversity and the imaginative potential of every human being.
UNDERSTANDING THE DESERTION OF SOUTH CAROLINIAN SOLDIERS DURING THE FINAL YEARS OF THE CONFEDERACY
Authors: DOYLE PATRICK J.
Published: August 2013

Although the American Civil War is perhaps the most written about event in American history, the issue of desertion has often retained a neglected position in the conflict's dense historiography. Those historians who have studied military absenteeism during the war have tended to emphasize socio-economic factors as motivating men to leave the army and return home. The Register of Confederate Deserters, a list of southern soldiers who crossed into Union lines and took an oath of loyalty in order to try and return home, can provide a different look at these men. By studying the South Carolinian men on the Register, as a case-study, we can see that ideological, as well as socio-economic, motivations occupied the thought process of Civil War deserters. Moreover, the act of desertion was rarely a simple representation of the thoughts of the individual but of the opinions and feelings of his family and community as well. As such, studying Confederate desertion not only helps us understand the issues of loyalty and nationalism during the Civil War, but also the way in which nineteenth-century southerners conceptualized the world around them.