bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O cuidado humanizado em unidade de terapia intensiva: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Camponogara Silviamar , Santos Tanise Martins , Seiffert Margot Agate , Alves Camila Neumaier
Published: April 2018

O estudo objetivou conhecer que publicações têm sido divulgadas, na área da enfermagem, a cerca da humanização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Constitui-se em uma revisão sistemática, cujos dados foram coletados nas bases de dados LILACS e BDENF, com recorte temporal entre 2000 a 2009. Após leitura do material foi realizada categorização e discussão dos dados. Os resultados evidenciam que quatro temas são destacados com maior relevância na produção científica: o ambiente da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; uso de tecnologias em detrimento do cuidado; o trabalhador como protagonista da humanização em UTI; dificuldades vivenciadas pela equipe de enfermagem para implementar a humanização na UTI. A humanização é apontada como forma de resgatar a dignidade humana, mas somente será realidade se for compreendida sua real importância e os profissionais se sentirem protagonistas desse processo na UTI.
Metodologia de atenção à gestante e família: relato de experiência com grupo operativo
Authors: Sand Isabel Cristina Van der , Campos Iris Fatima Alves , Dreher Daniela Zeni , Rios Karina Ribeiro
Published: April 2018

Relato de experiência de extensão universitária, desenvolvida com grupos de gestantes e familiares. O objetivo do relato é compartilhar a experiência e discutir, à luz da teoria Pichoniana, acerca dos motivos que justificam o uso de disparadores temáticos em grupos de gestantes e familiares. A atividade é interdisciplinar, reunindo docentes e acadêmicos de Enfermagem, Nutrição, Fisioterapia e Psicologia, por meio do emprego da metodologia de grupos operativos. O uso dos disparadores temáticos junto aos grupos de gestantes e familiares tem contribuído para dar suporte terapêutico a essas pessoas quando vivenciam acontecimento que contribui para mudar-lhes a vida – a gestação de um filho. Em virtude do caráter interdisciplinar, a atividade tem estimulado o trabalho em grupo e contribuído para a formação de um novo Esquema Conceitual Referencial Operativo para cada professor e estudante e para o grupo como um todo.
O cuidado de si do/a profissional de enfermagem em saúde mental
Authors: Silva Adão Ademir da , Terra Marlene Gomes
Published: April 2018

Trata-se de um projeto de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa fenomenológica na qual se busca em Maurice Merleau-Ponty o referencial teórico-filosófico e de Paul Ricoeur a hermenêutica. Tem como objetivo compreender como é para o profissional de enfermagem em saúde mental cuidar de si. Será realizada entrevista com a equipe de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica de um Hospital Universitário do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. A compreensão e a interpretação dos achados serão fundamentadas na fenomenologia-hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur.
FOUR NEW STRATEGIES TO GROW THE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Authors: PAULL John
Published: April 2018

This paper presents four new strategies for growing the organic agriculture sector.Globally there are 51 million hectares of certified organic agriculture land and afurther 39 million hectares of wild culture land. For the past two decades organicagriculture has been growing at 11.9% per annum, thereby doubling the size of thesector every six years. Nevertheless, despite ten decades of advocacy for organics,only 1.1% of the world’s agricultural land is certified organic. From the outset, thestrategy has been to advance the sector ‘one farm at a time’. This strategy has leftthe organics sector well short of the vision of the pioneers of organics who saworganic farming as a universal solution and a practice suited for all farmers and allagriculture. Successful exemplars of marketing strategies of converting ‘oneconsumer at a time’ remain elusive. Recent years have seen the development ofnew strategies for growth of the organics sector. The strategy of ‘one crop at atime’ has proved successful for the Dominican Republic which now produces 55%of the world’s certified organic bananas. The strategy of ‘one state at a time’ hasseen the state of Sikkim (in India) declare itself as the first Indian organic state.Meanwhile, other Indian states are working towards all-organic status, includingMizoram, Goa, Rajasthan and Meghalaya. The strategy of ‘one island at a time’ hasseen the Pacific islands of Cicia (in Fiji) and Abaiang (in Kiribati) commit to 100%organic farming. The strategy of ‘one country at a time’ sees Bhutan with the statedgoal of being the world’s first organic nation. These new strategies rely for successon the tripartite cooperation of government, community and commerce. In themeantime, as these new strategies play out, only 11 countries report that 10% ormore of their agriculture land is organic, while 111 countries report that less than1% of their land is certified organic, which reveals great potential for new growthstrategies.
EVALUATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF WINTER WHEAT GRAINS GROVN IN LATVIA AND NORWAY
Authors: STERNA Vita , STRAZDINA Vija , KRONBERGA Arta , STURITE Ievina , ÅSSVEEN Mauritz
Published: April 2018

Wheat is one of the major grains in the diet of the world’s population and thereforeit may have a great impact on human health. The yield and chemical compositionof grains can vary greatly due to genetic and environmental factors. The aim of thepresent study was to assess how different climatic conditions affect the chemicalcomposition of wheat grains of the same genotipe. The field trials were establishedin Stende (Latvia) and at Apelsvoll (Norway). Wheat varieties used were ‘Edvins’,‘Ellvis’ and ‘Skagen’ In the studied samples the content of protein, amino acids,1000 grain weight, hectolitre weight and falling number were determined. Theprotein content in the grains ranged from 8.9% to 11.8% in organic fields and from10.0 to 13.1% in conventional fields and differed between the varieties. The proteincontent in the samples of the same variety differed significantly due toenvironmental conditions. The difference in protein content was greater in theorganic fields. The 1000 kernel weight in the wheat grain samples varied from 39.9to 49.2 and depended on the variety and the growing place. The ratio of essentialamino acids to the total content of amino acids (in %) ranged from 30.8 to 33.3% inthe conventional growing system and from 30.5 to 32.9% in the organic growingsystem. Significant difference between the varieties was not detected.
OPTIMIZING WATER PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT IRRIGATED BY BUBBLER AND SURFACE IRRIGATION UNDER KHARTOUM STATE SUDAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Al-KHALIFA B. AHMED Ahmed , BABIKER AHMED Shaker , A. ALI Mohamed , Y. YAGOUB Adil
Published: April 2018

The experiment was carried out in the private orchards at Tayba Alhasnab area ofsouth Khartoum State, in Sudan during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the waterproductivity, yield and quality of foster grapefruit irrigated by bubbler and surfaceirrigation system. Irrigation interval was 5 days in bubbler irrigation system andevery 7 to12 days in surface irrigation system depending on the prevailing weatherconditions. The results revealed that higher yield and number of fruits was obtainedon bubbler irrigation system compared to surface irrigation system. Moreover,bubbler irrigation system increased the total yield of foster grapefruit by 28% and25%, respectively as compared to surface irrigation system. Applying irrigatedwater under bubbler irrigation system improved the quality parameters of fostergrapefruit such as fruit diameter recorded significant differences on bubblerirrigation system compared with surface irrigation system in both years, fruitweight and peel thickness recorded significant differences (P≤0.001) betweenbubbler irrigation system and surface irrigation system on finger weight, but ondifferences in peel thickness in both years, total soluble solids of foster grapefruitirrigated by bubbler irrigation system were significantly higher (P≤ 0.001)compared with surface irrigation system in both years.However, bubbler irrigation system saved irrigation water by 68% and 71% andhad highest water productivity (2.9 and 2.7 kg/m3) compared to surface irrigationsystem (0.67 and 0.68 kg/m3). Also highest marginal rate of return was obtainedwith bubbler irrigation system compared to surface irrigation.
COMMUNAL LANDS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHWESTERN IBERIAN PENINSULA
Authors: LOPES José A. , DIAZ-MAROTO Ignacio J.
Published: April 2018

Communal lands occupy about one million hectares in the northwest IberianPeninsula with high average areas (500 hectares in Portugal and 200 in Galicia).The region is among the poorest in the European Union with a notably lower grossdomestic product in comparison with the most developed regions of Europe. Overcenturies, ‘Baldios’ in Portugal and ‘Montes Veciñais en Man Común’ (MVMC) inGalicia played an essential role in the rural economy of their owner’s communities.They were mainly used in forestry, but several reasons resulted in a current subutilizationof them. This role was lost during the twentieth century due to greatreforestation and a decline in agriculture prominence. The restoration ofdemocratic regimes returned Baldios and MVMC to their owners, now declining,aging and disorganized. Taking into account the extension of these lands and theiraverage size, this paper looks into the main historical determinants of the commonsexistence and tries to illustrate their present-day with reference to the collectiveaction problem; features related to the commoners’ (‘veciños’ and ‘compartes’)characteristics and to the way they use their lands are analysed. Both Galician andPortuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits requiringsocial innovation to make better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and smallscalebusiness initiatives could support the network of the local produce marketswith attractive values, and also the conservation of the biodiversity. These data arediscussed focusing at the human and natural resources.
MCM2–7-dependent cohesin loading during S phase promotes sister-chromatid cohesion
Authors: Zheng Ge , Kanchwala Mohammed , Xing Chao , Yu Hongtao
Published: April 2018

DNA replication transforms cohesin rings dynamically associated with chromatin into the cohesive form to establish sister-chromatid cohesion. Here, we show that, in human cells, cohesin loading onto chromosomes during early S phase requires the replicative helicase MCM2–7 and the kinase DDK. Cohesin and its loader SCC2/4 (NIPBL/MAU2 in humans) associate with DDK and phosphorylated MCM2–7. This binding does not require MCM2–7 activation by CDC45 and GINS, but its persistence on activated MCM2–7 requires fork-stabilizing replisome components. Inactivation of these replisome components impairs cohesin loading and causes interphase cohesion defects. Interfering with Okazaki fragment processing or nucleosome assembly does not impact cohesion. Therefore, MCM2–7-coupled cohesin loading promotes cohesion establishment, which occurs without Okazaki fragment maturation. We propose that the cohesin–loader complex bound to MCM2–7 is mobilized upon helicase activation, transiently held by the replisome, and deposited behind the replication fork to encircle sister chromatids and establish cohesion.
Tłumaczenie i weryfikacja napisów w filmach i przedstawieniach teatralnych
Authors: Madej Paweł Dominik
Published: April 2018

Badanie napisów jest młodą dyscypliną naukową. Nie ma wielu publikacji analizujących i prezentujących kwestię tłumaczenia audiowizualnego, w szczególności napisów filmowych/teatralnych. Dlatego nie ma wielu źródeł istotnych informacji dotyczących problemu.Przykłady zawarte w tym tekście pochodzą z autorskiej obserwacji filmów i spektakli teatralnych. Autor odwołuje się do badań przeprowadzonych wśród kinomanów podzielonych na trzy grupy – osoby z wykształceniem filologicznym, osoby z wykształceniem uniwersyteckim oraz osoby bez wykształcenia uniwersyteckiego. Tekst dotyczy także napisów z przedstawień teatralnych (Teatr Dramatyczny, Teatr Studio, Nowy Teatr). Wybrano następujące spektakle. Kabaret J. Kandera, Rosyjski kontrakt Andrieja Płatonowa. Ciekawy przypadek psa wieczorową porą Simona Stephensa, Biedny Ja, Suka i Jej nowy koleś Michała Walczaka, Nasza klasa autorstwa Tadeusza Słobodzianka oraz Bent Martina Shermana.W kolejnych częściach artykułu autor przedstawia realia dotyczące etapów tworzenia napisów filmowych lub przygotowania nadtytułów teatralnych i ich weryfikacji. Odpowiada na pytanie, kto, kiedy i jak ocenia te napisy.
„Coming out” czyli „wychodzenie z szafy”: Analiza porównawcza językowych obrazów świata w prasie brytyjskiej i polskiej
Authors: Wyrwa Anna
Published: April 2018

Artykuł przedstawia analizę porównawczą językowych obrazów świata „wyłaniających” się z polskich i angielskich tekstów prasowych relacjonujących coming out polskiego księdza. Wykorzystany tu model językowego obrazu świata wg Jamesa Underhilla (np. 2011) zakłada wielowymiarowość tego zjawiska, obejmującego nie tylko zakodowany w systemie danego języka sposób postrzegania i konceptualizowania rzeczywistości, ale także wymiary osobisty, ideologiczny i związany z perspektywą mówiącego. Analiza tekstów na ww. temat w odniesieniu do tych właśnie wymiarów pozwala określić, na ile „wyłaniające się” z nich obrazy są do siebie podobne, a na ile różne. Zebrane artykuły prasowe traktują o tym samym wydarzeniu, ale ponieważ powstały w dwóch różnych kontekstach kulturowych, należy spodziewać się odmiennych „oglądów” sytuacji. Analiza porównawcza rzuca światło na istotę tych różnic oraz prowadzi do refleksji nad ich uwarunkowaniami.
Componentes de tecnologías para la pesca (instrumentos Traful) en ambientes lacustres y boscosos andinos norpatagónicos, Argentina
Authors: Pérez Alberto Enrique
Published: April 2018

La funcionalidad de los Instrumentos Traful es incierta luego de 70 años de su descripción. A partir de su diseño morfológico, el contexto ambiental y arqueológico asociado, postulamos que son parte de un “instrumento compuesto” especializado en la pesca. Si bien presentan características singulares en el contexto lacustre y rivereño del interior de la Patagonia noroccidental argentina, se asemejan en cuestiones básicas a los pesos de líneas marinos de gran distribución magallánica.
Associação de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas em feijão do tipo preto
Authors: Galon Leandro , Winter Fabio Luís , Forte César Tiago , Agazzi Luciane Renata , Basso Felipe José Menin , Holz Cinthia Maethê , Perin Gismael Francisco
Published: April 2018

O feijão do tipo preto é um dos principais grãos cultivados no Brasil, com importância econômica, social e cultural. As perdas de produtividade de grãos, por competição com as plantas daninhas, em especial Digitaria ciliaris (milhã/capim-colchão) e Urochloa plantaginea (capim marmelada/papuã) podem chegar a níveis de até 80% caso nem um método de controle for adotado. Buscando o controle dessas plantas daninhas, objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a eficácia e a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência do feijão do tipo preto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas utilizados foram: fomesafen (250 g ha-1 de i.a), s-metolachlor (1200 g ha-1 de i.a), oxifluorfen (480 g ha-1 de i.a), clomazone (1000 g ha-1 de i.a), pendimentalin (1000 g ha-1 de i.a), flumioxazin (25 g ha-1 de i.a), fluazifop-p-buthyl (250 g ha-1 de i.a), imazamox (42 g ha-1 de i.a), bentazon (720 g ha-1 de i.a), bentazon + imazamox (600 + 28 g ha-1 de i.a), fluazifop-p-buthyl + fomesafen (250 +250 g ha-1 de i.a), seguidos de mais duas testemunhas, uma capinada e outra infestada. O oxifluorfen apresentou os maiores níveis de fitotoxicidade ao feijoeiro cultivar BRS Campeiro, o que resultou no efeito negativo sobre os componentes do rendimento de grãos, juntamente com a testemunha infestada, o s-metolachlor, o pendimentalin, o flumioxazin, o fomesafen e o bentazon. A mistura comercial composta de bentazon + imazamox apresentou baixa fitotoxicidade, os melhores resultados em relação aos componentes do rendimento de grãos, aliado a um bom controle da milhã e do papuã.
Agricultura familiar no estado de são paulo: caracterização e problemas
Authors: Del Fiori Diogo
Published: April 2018

A agricultura familiar é uma modalidade de agricultura que presta grande contribuição para a oferta de alimentos para consumo, como o milho, amendoim, mandioca, arroz e feijão, sendo ponto chave no combate à pobreza. Ao mesmo tempo, essa modalidade de agricultura vem sofrendo revés no Estado de São Paulo, em virtude da dificuldade de obtenção de crédito via Pronaf, bancos federais e estaduais e bancos comerciais, ao mesmo tempo em que vem sofrendo com a falta de apoio no tocante à assistência técnica via órgãos governamentais e não governamentais. Este trabalho se propôs a analisar as regiões agrícolas que formam o Estado de São Paulo, averiguando como os agricultores familiares obtêm renda por meio do trabalho dos membros da família dentro ou fora das propriedades, averiguando os tipos de trabalhos não agrícolas e o rendimento em relação ao rendimento da agricultura familiar . O trabalho tentará mostrar como os recursos provenientes do Pronaf e dos bancos devem ser investidos, em que parte do Estado de São Paulo devem se concentrar, o mesmo ocorrendo com a assistência técnica via órgãos governamentais e não governamentais.
Análise da economia baiana em 2011 à luz da Matriz de Insumo-Produto
Authors: Gonçalves Marcos Falcão , Neves Mateus Carvalho Reis , Braga Marcelo José
Published: April 2018

Objetiva-se, com este trabalho, examinar a economia do estado da Bahia à luz da metodologia do modelo de insumo-produto, com base na estrutura econômica de 2011. Especificamente, espera-se: i) identificar e analisar os setores chave da economia baiana no período citado; e ii) verificar a magnitude do impacto de um possível choque na demanda de cada um dos 111 setores/atividades analisados da economia do estado. A metodologia utilizada ao longo deste artigo está baseada na Matriz Insumo-Produto, avaliada por meio dos encadeamentos produ- tivos entre as atividades e dos seus setores-chave, especificamente, pelos Índices de Rasmussen-Hirschman, Campos de Influência e Índices Puros de Ligação, além dos Multiplicadores da Produção, do Emprego e da Renda. Os resultados destacam a importância de setores/atividades petroquímicas e necessidade de melhor estrutura para as demais cadeiras produtivas.
Esforço inovador na indústria alagoana: uma survey
Authors: Rosário Francisco José Peixoto , Santa Rita Luciana Peixoto , Sá Eliana Maria de Oliveira
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é mensurar as atividades de inovação nos setores industriais do estado de Alagoas, seguindo as recomendações internacionais em termos conceitual e metodológico, por meio da utilização da metodologia da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica – Pintec (IBGE, 2008). As principais conclusões desse trabalho foram que a estrutura da indústria em Alagoas limita o avanço das capacitações tecnológicas necessárias para um patamar com maior proximidade com o Brasil, existe baixa percepção, por parte dos empresários, da importância da inovação como estratégia competitiva. Por isso detectou-se que os padrões de concorrência vigentes são orientados a reduções de custo (setores de commodities – sucroenergética, químicos) e a reação ao mercado (setores tradicionais - têxtil, confecções, laticínios, móveis, metalmecânico, plásticos de baixo valor agregado). Por fim, sugere-se uma política pública de C,T&I integrada a política local de desenvolvimento produtivo e que seja orientada para o aumento da eficiência técnica, da capacitação gerencial e do design.
Análise de valoração contingente das praias do bairro Rio Vermelho, Salvador-BA: uma aplicação dos instrumentos econométricos logit e probit
Authors: Oliveira Kallenya Thays Lima Limeira
Published: April 2018

Em muitas ocasiões se faz necessário estabelecer um valor monetário para recursos ambientais, como no caso de indenizações ou tomada de decisão. Dentre os métodos de valoração capazes de relacionar a provisão de recursos naturais a seus benefícios econômicos o Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC) se destaca pela capacidade de captar todos os tipos de valores apreendíveis por um método de valoração. Diante da espantosa transformação paisagística ocorrida nas praias do bairro Rio Vermelho objetiva-se estimar um valor monetário que possa indicar o prejuízo da população com a perda da qualidade de suas praias. A fim de considerar todas as variáveis pertinentes à análise, optou-se por aplicar os instrumentos logit e probit. Como resultado, foi possível atribuir o valor de R$ 3.083.174,51 ao prejuízo anual ao bem-estar dos moradores do bairro com relação ao estado em que se encontram suas praias.
Escherichia coli Bacteria Develop Adaptive Resistance to Antibacterial ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Renyun , Carlsson Fredrik , Edman Mattias , Hummelgård Magnus , Jonsson Bengt‐Gunnar , Bylund Dan , Olin Håkan
Published: April 2018

Antibacterial agents based on nanoparticles (NPs) have many important applications, e.g., for the textile industry, surface disinfection, wound dressing, water treatment, and food preservation. Because of their prevalent use it is important to understand whether bacteria could develop resistance to such antibacterial NPs similarly to the resistance that bacteria are known to develop to antibiotics. Here, it is reported that Escherichia coli (E. coli) develops adaptive resistance to antibacterial ZnO NPs after several days' exposure to the NPs. But, in contrast to antibiotics‐resistance, the observed resistance to ZnO NPs is not stable—after several days without exposure to the NPs, the bacteria regain their sensitivity to the NPs' antibacterial properties. Based on the analyses it is suggested that the observed resistance is caused by changes in the shape of the bacteria and the expressions of membrane proteins. The findings provide insights into the response of bacteria to antibacterial NPs, which is important to elucidate for designing and evaluating the risk of applications based on antibacterial NPs.
Gold Nanoplate‐Enhanced Chemiluminescence and Macromolecular Shielding for Rapid Microbial Diagnostics
Authors: Bui Minh‐Phuong Ngoc , Brockgreitens John , Abbas Abdennour
Published: April 2018

With the global rise of antimicrobial resistance, rapid screening and identification of low concentrations of microorganisms in less than 1 h becomes an urgent technological need for evidence‐based antibiotic therapy. Although many commercially available techniques are labeled for rapid microbial detection, they often require 24–48 h of cell enrichment to reach detectable levels. Here, it is shown that the widely used reducing agent tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) can also act as a powerful oxidant on gold nanoplates and subsequently lead to a strong catalysis of luminol chemiluminescence. The catalytic reaction results in up to 100‐fold signal enhancement and unprecedented stable luminescence for up to 10 min. However, when TCEP is exposed to microorganisms, it is oxidized by the microbial surface proteins and loses its catalytic properties, leading to a decrease in chemiluminescence. The competitive interaction of TCEP with Au nanoplates and microorganisms is used to introduce a homogenous rapid detection method that allows microbial screening in less than 10 min with a limit of detection down to 100 cfu mL−1. Furthermore, the concept of microbial macromolecular shielding using antibody‐conjugated polymers is introduced. The combination of TCEP redox activity and macromolecular shielding enables specific microbial identification within 1 h, without preconcentration, cell enrichment, or heavy equipment other than a hand‐held luminometer. The technique is demonstrated by specific detection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in environmental and urine samples containing a mixture of microorganisms.
Impact of the NO Anneal on the Microscopic Structure and Chemical Composition of the Si‐Face 4H‐SiC/SiO2 Interface
Authors: Gruber Gernot , Gspan Christian , Fisslthaler Evelin , Dienstleder Martina , Pobegen Gregor , Aichinger Thomas , Meszaros Robert , Grogger Werner , Hadley Peter
Published: April 2018

Understanding the microscopic structure of the SiC/SiO2 interface is crucial for the improvement of SiC based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs). It is well established that interface states degrade the performance and reliability of SiC MOSFETs and that passivation can be achieved by anneals in NO‐containing atmospheres. However, the structural changes associated with the NO anneal and the improvement of the channel electron mobility are still not fully understood. In this study, the SiC/SiO2 interface of the state‐of‐the art 4H‐SiC n‐channel MOSFETs with a deposited oxide is extensively investigated with advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and spatially resolved electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) methods. The samples are treated with different postoxidation anneals (NO vs O2), resulting in strongly differing mobility and point defect density. The most notable structural difference between the samples is an increased N concentration located in the transition region between the SiC and the SiO2 of the NO‐annealed sample. The N signal is evenly distributed along the whole faceted interface and has a half‐width of wN = (1.8 ± 0.7) nm and an estimated areal density of cN = (4 ± 1) × 1014 cm−2. The observations support the idea that the N incorporation happens predominantly directly at the SiC/SiO2 interface where defect states are passivated.
Folding of Nanoparticle Chains into 2D Arrays: Structural Change of DNA‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies
Authors: Shiraishi Shota , Yu Li , Akiyama Yoshitsugu , Wang Guoqing , Kikitsu Tomoka , Miyamura Kazuo , Takarada Tohuru , Maeda Mizuo
Published: April 2018

Nanoparticle (NP) arrays exhibit collective physical and chemical properties, which are potentially applicable to various nanodevices, such as data storage media and biosensors. In this Communication, a spontaneous method of constructing the 2D NP arrays from precursory 1D chains of DNA‐modified NPs is described. The single‐stranded (ss) DNA‐modified gold NPs are hybridized to a long repetitive ssDNA synthesized with rolling circle amplification to produce the precursory NP chains. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the chains of fully matched double‐stranded (ds) DNA‐modified NPs undergo shrinkage and folding during evaporation to afford the 2D NP arrays. In particular, the chains of long dsDNA‐modified NPs with short interparticle spacing form the NP arrays with anisotropic interparticle spacing. The present approach could be useful for readily aligning NPs on the substrate surface.
White‐Light Generation through Nonlinear Optical Response of 1,3,5,7‐Tetraphenyladamantane: Amorphous versus Crystalline States
Authors: Rosemann Nils W. , Locke Harald , Schreiner Peter R. , Chatterjee Sangam
Published: April 2018

The vast optical nonlinearity of 1,3,5,7‐tetraphenyladamantane (AdPh4) enables efficient frequency conversion. The observed spectrum depends heavily on the material's habitus. In particular, it shows nonlinear white‐light generation when its powder form is irradiated in the near‐infrared, similar to an analogous organotin sulfide cluster [(PhSn)4S6]. In contrast, single crystals of AdPh4 exclusively exhibit narrow‐band second‐harmonic generation, i.e., discrete conversion within the crystal, rather than spectrally broadband white‐light emission. This shows that crystallinity restricts the nonlinear response to the symmetry‐allowed higher‐harmonics, in this case the even‐numbered, second harmonic, and inhibits the quasi‐continuum white‐light emission. Using the diamondoid‐based material significantly enhances compatibility with conventional production techniques using photorefractive polymers and is thus an important step towards the fabrication of all‐integrated white‐light emitting devices.
Modulation of the Optical Properties of Lithium Manganese Oxide via Li‐Ion De/Intercalation
Authors: Joshi Yug , Hadjixenophontos Efi , Nowak Susann , Lawitzki Robert , Ghosh Prakriti K. , Schmitz Guido
Published: April 2018

The optical response of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, LMO) on intercalation with Li ions is quantitatively characterized. For this purpose, a layer of LMO and a layer of platinum, acting as current collector/reflector, are deposited on oxidized silicon wafers. The active layer is structurally characterized using X‐ray diffractogram and transmission electron microscopy. Well‐defined intercalation states are prepared electrochemically and investigated by optical spectrometry in reflectance geometry. The measured dispersion curves are described by the Clausius–Mossotti dispersion equation to derive the complex refractive index as a function of wavelength and intercalation state. The observed variation of the effective resonant wavelength is consistent with the change in the band structure of LMO with lithium intercalation. Furthermore, the electrochromic reversibility is demonstrated in situ during the electrochemical reaction. From the calculations, a 1350 nm thick layer of LMO is sufficient to cause a phase shift of π at a wavelength of 750 nm, which indicates the material as a promising candidate to perform reliable optical switching.
Monocharged Electret Generator for Wearable Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Gong Shaobo , Wang Chenchen , Zhang Jinxi , Zhang Chi , West James E. , Ren Kailiang
Published: April 2018

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐based electret materials have emerged as one of the most widely used materials in underwater transducer, microphone, and transistor applications. In this paper, it is shown for the first time that a monocharged (single type, electron) PTFE electret material can be used in energy harvesting and self‐powered device applications, such as wristband and shoe insole devices. At first, a theory based on the electrostatic effect is derived for the first time for monocharged electret generator (MCEG). For a hand‐shaking movement, the MCEG‐based wristband device can generate an output voltage and current of 14 V and 0.65 µA, respectively. Furthermore, it is found that the MCEG‐based shoe insole device can generate a maximum output voltage of 178 V and a current of 2.85 µA during walking. The maximum harvested power obtained is ≈35.63 µW in shoe insole‐based devices under a resistor load. Additionally, the power generated from the shoe insole device can light up 55 light‐emitting diodes with a single step of walking. Because of the relatively large output power density, ease of fabrication, and chemical stability, this device shows great promise for wearable self‐powered device applications.
Recent Progress in the Theoretical Investigation of Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Tian Ziqi , Priest Chad , Chen Liang
Published: April 2018

The worldwide combustion of fossils produces anthropogenic CO2, which has deleterious effects on global climate patterns. An ideal solution is to develop high‐performance CO2 capture and utilization technologies that can convert CO2 into commercial products by means of electrocatalytic reduction with renewable energy. The design of electrocatalysts can be facilitated by accurate computational simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Herein, commonly used models, from the computational hydrogen electrode model with constant charge assumption, to the explicit and implicit solvation model under constant potential condition, are reviewed. Thereafter, the applications of recent data‐driven methods, such as neutral network and machine learning, are introduced. Also, based on DFT calculations, four composition based classes of electrodes are further discussed, including (1) bulk metals and alloys, (2) nanoparticles, (3) metal‐nonmetal compounds and (4) carbon‐based materials. In this Review, several theoretical investigations which have been realized in practice are highlighted in particular, such as metal‐hydride nanocluster and carbon nitride supported copper complex for high‐efficiency CO2 reduction. It shows that the theoretical study can not only explain experimental phenomena but also predict improved candidates.
Prognostic factors after ultrasound‐guided percutaneous ablation of colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review
Authors: Klubien Jeanett , Kohl Andreas P. , Nolsøe Christian P. , Rosenberg Jacob , Pommergaard Hans‐Christian
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Liver metastases from colorectal cancer are common and ablation therapy is a favourable treatment option for selected patients not suited for surgical resection. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and present prognostic factors associated with survival and local recurrence after percutaneous ultrasound‐guided ablation treatment.

Materials and methods

This review is reported according to the PRISMA. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched and records were independently screened by two authors, initially on title and abstract and subsequently on full‐text basis. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale.

Results

Of 2.882 records screened, 18 studies were included. The median survival was 23 months. One‐year survival was median 95% and 3‐year survival was median 58%. Complete ablation response and adjuvant chemotherapy produce considerably improved survival and low local recurrence rate outcomes.

Conclusion

Percutaneous ultrasound‐guided ablation technique for colorectal liver metastases provides impressive survival rates for patients not suited for surgical resection. However, there are some factors related to poorer prognosis, which may be considered when selecting patients.
The effect of the quasi‐biennial oscillation on the Madden–Julian oscillation in the Met Office Unified Model Global Ocean Mixed Layer configuration
Authors: Lee Joshua C. K. , Klingaman Nicholas P.
Published: April 2018

Using multi‐decadal simulations, we investigate the relationship between the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Global Ocean Mixed Layer configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM‐GOML1) at two horizontal resolutions (approximately 200 and 90 km at the equator). MetUM‐GOML1 produces a weak and insignificant correlation between QBO winds and mean MJO amplitude in boreal winter, in contrast to the significant anti‐correlation in reanalysis. While reanalysis shows the easterly QBO favors stronger Maritime Continent MJO activity, MetUM‐GOML1 displays stronger West Pacific MJO activity. The biased QBO–MJO relationship in MetUM‐GOML1 may be due to weak QBO‐induced temperature anomalies in the tropical tropopause layer, or to errors in MJO vertical structure.
A W‐Shaped Ga‐Dy‐Dy‐Dy‐Ga Cluster: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Peng Yan , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K.
Published: April 2018

A W‐shaped {Ga‐Dy‐Dy‐Dy‐Ga} coordination cluster, [Ga2Dy3(L)6(MeO)2(MeOH)3]⋅NO3⋅7 MeOH (1) with H2L, (E)‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐benzylideneamino)phenol was synthesized, characterized, and the magnetic properties investigated. The magnetic measurements indicate that the compound shows single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior under zero dc field. This suggests that the combination of GaIII ions and DyIII ions (4 f) is a successful strategy to assemble SMM clusters. The combination of these metal ions also offers prospects in dual functionality therapeutics for medical applications.
Optimization of Hexadentate Bispidine Ligands as Chelators for 64CuII PET Imaging
Authors: Comba Peter , Starke Miriam , Wadepohl Hubert
Published: April 2018

The coordination chemistry of the hexadentate bispidine ligand L1 with three pyridine, one pyridazine, and two tertiary amine donors with CuII and ZnII is reported. The substitution of one of the two cis‐disposed pyridine donors in‐plane with the two tertiary amines of the bispidine backbone by a pyridazine group was predicted to substantially reduce distortion from planarity of the tetradentate subunit and therefore was assumed to lead to higher CuII complex stability. The X‐ray single‐crystal structures of the ZnII and CuII complexes, which are in excellent agreement with the DFT‐ and MM‐optimized structures, confirmed this prediction but indicated that deviation from planarity is appreciable. This also emerges from solution spectroscopy (UV/Vis/NIR and EPR of the CuII complex), which indicated that the in‐plane ligand field is only slightly increased. The geometric parameters together with the lower basicity of pyridazine versus pyridine (pKa=2.33 vs. 5.23) are also in agreement with an only slightly more negative redox potential of the CuII/I couple (Eo=−780 vs. −760 mV, MeCN, vs. Fc/Fc+), and the potentiometrically determined CuII stability constant with L1 is slightly lower than that with the parent ligand L2 (log K=12.7 vs. 14.5). Therefore, modification of the donor groups is a more promising approach to increasing the stabilities of these complexes and yields 64CuII chelators that outperform known hexadentate bispidine ligands.
Brain gene expression analyses in virgin and mated queens of fire ants reveal mating‐independent and socially regulated changes
Authors: Calkins Travis L. , Chen Mei‐Er , Arora Arinder K. , Hawkings Chloe , Tamborindeguy Cecilia , Pietrantonio Patricia V.
Published: April 2018

Transcriptomes of dissected brains from virgin alate and dealate mated queens from polygyne fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) were analyzed and compared. Thirteen genes were upregulated in mated queen brain, and nine were downregulated. While many of the regulated genes were either uncharacterized or noncodingRNAs, those annotated genes included two hexamerin proteins, astakine neuropeptide, serine proteases, and serine protease inhibitors. We found that for select differentially expressed genes in the brain, changes in gene expression were most likely driven by the changes in physiological state (i.e., age, nutritional status, or dominance rank) or in social environment (released from influence of primer pheromone). This was concluded because virgins that dealated after being separated from mated queens showed similar patterns of gene expression in the brain as those of mated queens forhexamerin 1,astakine, andXR_850909.Abaecin(XR_850725), however, appears upregulated only after mating. Therefore, our findings contribute to distinguish how specific gene networks, especially those influenced by queen primer pheromone, are regulated in queen ants. Additionally, to identify brain signaling pathways, we mined the fire ant genome and compiled a list of G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). The expression level ofGPCRs and other genes in the “genetic toolkit” in the brains of virgin alates and mated dealate queens is reported.
Sequential mediating effects of provided and received social support on trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness: A longitudinal examination in Hong Kong Chinese university students
Authors: Ye Jiawen , Yeung Dannii Y. , Liu Elaine S. C. , Rochelle Tina L.
Published: April 2018

Past research has often focused on the effects of emotional intelligence and received social support on subjective well‐being yet paid limited attention to the effects of provided social support. This study adopted a longitudinal design to examine the sequential mediating effects of provided and received social support on the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness. A total of 214 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduates were asked to complete two assessments with a 6‐month interval in between. The results of the sequential mediation analysis indicated that the trait emotional intelligence measured in Time 1 indirectly influenced the level of subjective happiness in Time 2 through a sequential pathway of social support provided for others in Time 1 and social support received from others in Time 2. These findings highlight the importance of trait emotional intelligence and the reciprocal exchanges of social support in the subjective well‐being of university students.
Perceived emotion suppression and culture: Effects on psychological well‐being
Authors: Kwon Heewon , Kim Young‐Hoon
Published: April 2018

Whether the negative effects of emotion suppression on psychological well‐being are applicable cross‐culturally is a long‐debated topic. The present study attempted to shed light on this debate, focusing on the effects of perceived emotion suppression and examining the psychological processes leading from perceived emotion suppression to lower psychological well‐being. We used a scale manipulation to lead 196 American and 213 Chinese participants to perceive themselves as having suppressed their emotions to a greater or lesser extent and then measured their life satisfaction. As expected, both the American and Chinese participants reported lower life satisfaction in the high‐suppression condition than in the low‐suppression condition; this negative effect was mediated by positive affect and moderated by self‐esteem. Specifically, perceived high emotion suppression decreased positive affect, which in turn led to lower well‐being. This effect was observed only for those with low self‐esteem, but the patterns and mechanisms were consistent cross‐culturally.
Inference for a geometric‐poisson‐Rayleigh distribution under progressive‐stress accelerated life tests based on type‐I progressive hybrid censoring with binomial removals
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Abdel‐Hamid Alaa H. , Hashem Atef F.
Published: April 2018

Based on failures of a parallel‐series system, a new distribution called geometric‐Poisson‐Rayleigh distribution is proposed. Some properties of the distribution are discussed. A real data set is used to compare the new distribution with other 6 distributions. The progressive‐stress accelerated life tests are considered when the lifetime of an item under use condition is assumed to follow the geometric‐Poisson‐Rayleigh distribution. It is assumed that the scale parameter of the geometric‐Poisson‐Rayleigh distribution satisfies the inverse power law such that the stress is a nonlinear increasing function of time and the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress holds. Based on type‐I progressive hybrid censoring with binomial removals, the maximum likelihood and Bayes (using linear‐exponential and general entropy loss functions) estimation methods are considered to estimate the involved parameters. Some point predictors such as the maximum likelihood, conditional median, best unbiased, and Bayes point predictors for future order statistics are obtained. The Bayes estimates are obtained using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Finally, a simulation study is performed, and numerical computations are performed to compare the performance of the implemented methods of estimation and prediction.
Multilayer Graphene–GeSn Quantum Well Heterostructure SWIR Light Source
Authors: Cong Hui , Yang Fan , Xue Chunlai , Yu Kai , Zhou Lin , Wang Nan , Cheng Buwen , Wang Qiming
Published: April 2018

The problem of light source always prevents silicon‐based photonics from achieving a final integration. Although some optical pump lasers have been reported in recent years, an electrical pumping laser is considered as the ultimate solution. To fabricate a Si‐based laser, there are some crucial obstacles that need to be solved such as difficulties in material epitaxy, light absorption by metal electrodes, and compatibility with the existing complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor transistor process. Here, a multilayer graphene and GeSn/Ge quantum well (QW) heterostructure is designed and fabricated as a Si‐based light source. Specially designed Ge0.9Sn0.1/Ge QWs are used as active layer, which achieves a photoluminescence (PL) peak at 2050 nm. Graphene, which has a high transmittance for all bands of light, lessens the burden of growing thick cladding layer and perfectly breaks the deadlock of light disappearance in metal contacts. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the device is achieved at a peak of 2100 nm under an injection current density of 100 A cm−2. Both the PL and EL measurements show the heterostructure has good performance as a short‐wave infrared (SWIR) light source. Therefore, the results provides a good alternative for the light source in silicon‐based photonics.
Vertical ZnO Nanotube Transistor on a Graphene Film for Flexible Inorganic Electronics
Authors: Oh Hongseok , Park JunBeom , Choi Woojin , Kim Heehun , Tchoe Youngbin , Agrawal Arpana , Yi Gyu‐Chul
Published: April 2018

The bottom‐up integration of a 1D–2D hybrid semiconductor nanostructure into a vertical field‐effect transistor (VFET) for use in flexible inorganic electronics is reported. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotubes on graphene film is used as an example. The VFET is fabricated by growing position‐ and dimension‐controlled single crystal ZnO nanotubes vertically on a large graphene film. The graphene film, which acts as the substrate, provides a bottom electrical contact to the nanotubes. Due to the high quality of the single crystal ZnO nanotubes and the unique 1D device structure, the fabricated VFET exhibits excellent electrical characteristics. For example, it has a small subthreshold swing of 110 mV dec−1, a high Imax/Imin ratio of 106, and a transconductance of 170 nS µm−1. The electrical characteristics of the nanotube VFETs are validated using 3D transport simulations. Furthermore, the nanotube VFETs fabricated on graphene films can be easily transferred onto flexible plastic substrates. The resulting components are reliable, exhibit high performance, and do not degrade significantly during testing.
Performance Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells Induced by Lead Acetate as an Additive
Authors: Tang Guanqi , You Peng , Tai Qidong , Wu Runsheng , Yan Feng
Published: April 2018

The crystallinity of organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite active layers is critical to the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is a challenge to control the crystallization process of perovskite films by solution process. Here, the fabrication of high‐efficiency PSCs by employing lead acetate (PbAc2) as an additive in the perovskite precursor is demonstrated for the first time. By adding a few percent of PbAc2 (molar ratio with respect to PbI2) into the precursors, the perovskite crystallization process is significantly retarded, leading to pinhole‐free perovskite films with large grains and low defect densities. As result, the power conversion efficiencies and stability of the PSCs are substantially improved. This work provides a convenient and unique approach for preparing high‐quality perovskite films that can be used in photovoltaics as well as other optoelectronic devices.
Ultrasound‐assisted low‐density‐solvent‐based solvent‐demulsified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the quantification of amino acids in biological samples
Authors: Zare Fahimeh , Razmi Mahdi
Published: April 2018

An ultrasound‐assisted low‐density‐solvent‐based solvent‐demulsified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method has been established for the purpose of microextraction and recognition of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan from plasma and urine samples. For the preconcentration of analytes, 10 mL of sample solution was placed in test tube. A blend of 200 μL 1‐dodecanol and 100 μL acetonitrile were quickly injected into the sample solution and then shaken for 4.8 min using ultrasonic irradiation. The addition of demulsifier into the formed emulsion results in rapid separation of the mixture into two phases. The central composite design was used for optimization of microextraction conditions. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan were linear in the range of 1–200 μmol L−1. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.17–0.32 and 0.64–1.09 μmol L−1, respectively. This procedure was successfully used to determine target analytes in spiked plasma and urine samples; the relative mean recoveries ranged from 84.7 to 96.4%.