bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal sepsis in Sana’a city, Yemen: a predominance of Burkholderia cepacia
Authors: Salah Adeeb , Al-Subol Ibrahim , Hudna Ahmed , Alhaj Ali , Alqubaty Abdulhabib R. , Farie Waleed , Sulieman Dalal , Alnadhari Ola , Alwajeeh Talal , Alobathani Fawaz , Almikhlafy Abdullah , Mahdy Mohmmed A. K.
Published: October 2021

Background

Neonatal sepsis is a global concern with increasing morbidity and mortality. The burden of neonatal sepsis is highest in developing countries, especially in those lacking proper surveillance systems. The causative pathogens and their drug-resistance levels vary between countries with emergence of multidrug resistance organisms. Thus, accurate records on the recent trends of organisms causing neonatal sepsis will provide vital information for appropriate intervention. We aimed to investigate neonatal sepsis, identify its associated factors and causative pathogens and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Sana’a city, Yemen.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on neonates admitted to intensive care units of six hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen, in the period from January 15, to March 30, 2020. Natal and prenatal medical data were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Neonates were subjected to sepsis work-up including blood culture, complete blood count and C-reactive protein. Organisms were identified by Gram staining and analyzed by the VITEK II system for bacterial bio-typing and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Findings

Of the 199-neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis, 154 (77.38%) had culture-proven sepsis. Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) was higher (50.25%; 100/199) than late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) (27.13%; 54/199). Multivariable analysis identified vaginal delivery as an independent risk factor for neonatal sepsisp = 0.005. Majority of isolated bacteria (74.39%) were gram-negative withBurkholderia cepacia(39%) andKlebsiella oxytoca(13%) being the most common pathogens of EOS and LOS. The most common gram-positive pathogens wereStaphylococcus haemolyticus(9.1%) andStaphylococcus epidermidis(7.1%).B. cepaciashowed multidrug resistance except for cefepime. AllKlebsiellaspecies isolates (100%) and mostPantoeaspecies (93%) were ESBL and carbapenemase positive. AllEscherichia coliandAcinetobacter baumanniiisolates were ESBL positive. A significant number of gram-positive bacteria showed resistance to vancomycin.

Conclusion

The study findings show a high proportion of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to hospitals in Sana’a city with antibiotic-resistantB. cepaciabeing the single most common pathogen causing EOS and LOS. Findings also emphasize the emerging threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria in neonatal units and will help develop evidence-based management of neonatal sepsis in Yemen.
Association of malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections with pregnancy outcomes in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Zango Serge Henri , Lingani Moussa , Valea Innocent , Samadoulougou Ouindpanga Sekou , Bihoun Biebo , Lankoande Diagniagou , Donnen Phillipe , Dramaix Michele , Tinto Halidou , Robert Annie
Published: October 2021

Background

Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are severe infections associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan countries. These infections are responsible for low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. In Burkina Faso, many interventions recommended by the World Health Organization were implemented to control the impact of these infections. After decades of intervention, we assessed the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes in rural setting of Burkina Faso.

Methods

Antenatal care and delivery data of pregnant women attending health facilities in 2016 and 2017 were collected in two rural districts namely Nanoro and Yako, in Burkina Faso. Regression models with likelihood ratio test were used to assess the association between infections and pregnancy outcomes.

Results

During the two years, 31639 pregnant women received antenatal care. Malaria without STI, STI without malaria, and their coinfections were reported for 7359 (23.3%), 881 (2.8 %), and 388 (1.2%) women, respectively. Low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth were observed in 2754 (10.5 %), 547 (2.0 %), and 373 (1.3 %) women, respectively. Our data did not show an association between low birth weight and malaria [Adjusted OR: 0.91 (0.78 – 1.07)], STIs [Adjusted OR: 0.74 (0.51 – 1.07)] and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 1.15 (0.75 – 1.78)]. Low birth weight was strongly associated with primigravidae [Adjusted OR: 3.53 (3.12 – 4.00)]. Both miscarriage and stillbirth were associated with malaria [Adjusted OR: 1.31 (1.07 – 1.59)], curable STI [Adjusted OR: 1.65 (1.06 – 2.59)], and coinfection [Adjusted OR: 2.00 (1.13 – 3.52)].

Conclusion

Poor pregnancy outcomes remained frequent in rural Burkina Faso. Malaria, curable STIs, and their coinfections were associated with both miscarriage and stillbirth in rural Burkina. More effort should be done to reduce the proportion of pregnancies lost associated with these curable infections by targeting interventions in primigravidae women.
Digging down or scratching the surface: how patients use metaphors to describe their experiences of psychotherapy
Authors: Malkomsen A. , Røssberg J. I. , Dammen T. , Wilberg T. , Løvgren A. , Ulberg R. , Evensen J.
Published: October 2021

Background

In the present study, we wanted to explore which metaphors patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) use to explain their experience of being in therapy and their improvement from depression.

Methods

Patients with MDD (N = 22) received either psychodynamic therapy (PDT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). They were interviewed with semi-structured qualitative interviews after ending therapy. The transcripts were analyzed using a method based on metaphor-led discourse analysis.

Results

Metaphors were organized into three different categories concerning the process of therapy, the therapeutic relationship and of improvement from depression. Most frequent were the metaphorical concepts of surface and depth, being open and closed, chemistry, tools, improvement as a journey from darkness to light and depression as a disease or opponent.

Conclusions

Patient metaphors concerning the therapeutic experience may provide clinicians and researchers valuable information about the process of therapy. Metaphors offer an opportunity for patients to communicate nuances about their therapeutic experience that are difficult to express in literal language. However, if not sufficiently explored and understood, metaphors may be misinterpreted and become a barrier for therapeutic change.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial gov. Identifier: NCT03022071. Date of registration: 16/01/2017.
Results of multiple ligament reconstruction after knee dislocation——A prospective study with 95 patients and minimum 2-year follow up
Authors: Li Tao , Xiong Yan , Zhang Zhong , Tang Xin , Chen Gang , Li Qi , Fu Wei Li , Li Jian
Published: October 2021

Background

There is still a lack of clinical data in arthroscopic treatment for treating multiple ligament injuries. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with multiple ligament injuries undergoing treatment based on the classification stage and type of injury.

Methods

A prospective, clinical trial on multiple ligament injuries was planned, which included 95 patients (58 men and 37 women; age: 42.8 ± 11.9 [range, 18–63] years) from October 2017 to June 2018. Injuries were classified into three stages (emergency stage < 24 h; acute stage: 24 h to 3 weeks, and chronic stage: > 3 weeks) and six types (KD I–VI) based on injuries time and structures, which indicated appropriate treatments. The clinical outcomes were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks and at 6, 9, 12 months and 24 months after surgery. The final choices in efficacy index included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and range of motion.

Results

During the follow-up, all patients exhibited statistically significant functional improvement in the injured limb compared with their preoperative situation. The mean postoperative scores of acute stage patients at 2-year follow-up were IKDC subjective score, 77.54 ± 11.53; Lysholm score, 85.96 ± 9.39; Tegner score, 4.13 ± 1.08; and VAS score, 1.21 ± 0.76. The mean postoperative scores of chronic stage patents at 2-year follow-up were IKDC subjective score, 74.61 ± 12.38; Lysholm score, 81.71 ± 10.80; Tegner score, 3.96 ± 1.14; and VAS score, 1.71 ± 0.60. The IKDC subjective score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score were significantly improved (P < 0.01) and the VAS score was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) at 2-year follow-up. Regarding the multiple ligament injuries classification, patients with more structural damage in stages V and VI showed less progress in functional recovery than those in stages I–IV.

Conclusions

This new classification with three stages and six types helps to identify the severity of injury and plan the management effectively. The outcomes were encouraging and the subjective functional results showed significant improvement at 2-year follow-up.

Study design

Prospective clinical trial.

Level of evidence

II
Preparation of an anti-NEK2 monoclonal antibody and its application in liver cancer
Authors: Chen Qiuli , Li Hui , Yang Lichao , Wen Sha , Huang Xuejing , Liu Jiajuan , Guo Xiaoping , Hu Bing , Li Gang , He Min
Published: October 2021

Background

Never in mitosis gene-A (NIMA)-related expressed kinase 2 (NEK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase regulated by the cell cycle. The purpose of this study was to obtain NEK2 protein to prepare an anti-NEK2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and explore the application of the anti-NEK2 mAb of therapeutic and diagnostic in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Results

The NEK2 gene sequence was cloned from the normal liver cell line HL7702, and the full-length NEK2 gene sequence was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The recombinant fusion protein was obtained under optimized conditions and injected in BALB/c mice to prepare an anti-NEK2 mAb. By screening, we obtained a stable hybridoma cell line named 3A3 that could stably secrete anti-NEK2 mAb. Anti-NEK2 3A3 mAb was purified from ascites fluid. The isotype was IgG1, and the affinity constant (Kaff) was 6.0 × 108 L/mol. Western blot, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical analyses showed that the mAb could specifically recognize the NEK2 protein. MTT assays showed that the mAb 3A3 could inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells. KEGG pathway analysis showed that NEK2 might affected pathways of the cell cycle. Moreover, NEK2-related genes were mainly enriched in the S and G2 phases and might act as tumor-promoting genes by regulating the S/G2 phase transition of HCC cells.

Conclusions

An anti-NEK2 mAb with high potency, high affinity and high specificity was prepared by prokaryotic expression system in this study and may be used in the establishment of ELISA detection kits and targeted treatment of liver cancer.
Narratives: a review of concepts, determinants, effects, and uses in migration research
Authors: Dennison James
Published: October 2021

Narratives are increasingly cited by scholars, international organisations, NGOs, and governments as one of the most powerful factors in migration politics and policymaking today. However, narratives are typically conceptually underspecified, with relatively little known about why some narratives become publicly popular or the nature of their effects. This article reviews recent scholarly advances to specify what narratives are and to offer a novel theoretical framework to better explain variation in their public popularity and effects. It is argued that the popularity of a narrative, defined as a generalisable, constructed and selective depiction of reality across time, is determined by a combination of contextual factors, such as issue complexity and salience, the plausibility of the narrative and the traits of the recipient of the narrative. These findings are relevant for policymakers and, particularly, communicators. However, although significant work has gone into explaining how narratives affect migration policymaking, the often-assumed effects of narratives on attitudes to immigration and migration behaviour have rarely been robustly tested.
Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro oral biofilm
Authors: Millones Gómez Pablo Alejandro , Tay Chu Jon Lidia Yileng , Maurtua Torres Dora Jesús , Bacilio Amaranto Reyma Evelyn , Collantes Díaz Ingrit Elida , Minchón Medina Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2021

Background: Natural products with antibacterial potential have begun to be tested on biofilm models, bringing us closer to understanding the response generated by the complex microbial ecosystems of the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities and chemical compositions of Peruvian propolis in an in vitro biofilm of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Methods: The experimental work involved a consecutive, in vitro, longitudinal, and double-blinded study design. Propolis samples were collected from 13 different regions of the Peruvian Andes. The disk diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The cytotoxic effect of propolis on human gingival fibroblasts was determined by cell viability method using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the effect of propolis on the biofilm was evaluated by confocal microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The 0.78 mg/mL and 1.563 mg/mL concentrations of the methanolic fraction of the chloroform residue of Oxapampa propolis showed effects on biofilm thickness and the copy numbers of the srtA gene of S. gordonii and the radD gene of F. nucleatum at 48 and 120 hours, and chromatography (UV, λ 280 nm) identified rhamnocitrin, isorhamnetin, apigenin, kaempferol, diosmetin, acacetin, glycerol, and chrysoeriol.

Conclusions: Of the 13 propolis evaluated, it was found that only the methanolic fraction of Oxapampa propolis showed antibacterial and antibiofilm effects without causing damage to human gingival fibroblasts. Likewise, when evaluating the chemical composition of this fraction, eight flavonoids were identified.
Targeting MICA/B with cytotoxic therapeutic antibodies leads to tumor control
Authors: Bléry Mathieu , Mrabet-Kraiem Manel , Morel Ariane , Lhospice Florence , Bregeon Delphine , Bonnafous Cécile , Gauthier Laurent , Rossi Benjamin , Remark Romain , Cornen Stéphanie , Anceriz Nadia , Viaud Nicolas , Trichard Sylvia , Carpentier Sabrina , Joulin-Giet Alix , Grondin Gwendoline , Liptakova Veronika , Kim Younghoon , Daniel Laurent , Haffner Aurélie , Macagno Nicolas , Pouyet Laurent , Perrot Ivan , Paturel Carine , Morel Yannis , Steinle Alexander , Romagné François , Narni-Mancinelli Emilie , Vivier Eric
Published: October 2021

Background: MICA and MICB are tightly regulated stress-induced proteins that trigger the immune system by binding to the activating receptor NKG2D on cytotoxic lymphocytes. MICA and MICB are highly polymorphic molecules with prevalent expression on several types of solid tumors and limited expression in normal/healthy tissues, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.

Methods: We have generated a series of anti-MICA and MICB cross-reactive antibodies with the unique feature of binding to the most prevalent isoforms of both these molecules.

Results: The anti-MICA and MICB antibody MICAB1, a human IgG1 Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb), displayed potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of MICA/B-expressing tumor cells in vitro. However, it showed insufficient efficiency against solid tumors in vivo, which prompted the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Indeed, optimal tumor control was achieved with MICAB1-ADC format in several solid tumor models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and carcinogen-induced tumors in immunocompetent MICAgen transgenic mice.

Conclusions: These data indicate that MICA and MICB are promising targets for cytotoxic immunotherapy.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СВЕТОВОЙ ДЕСИНХРОНИЗАЦИИ НА СТРЕСС-ИНДУЦИРУЮЩИЕ И СТРЕСС-БЛОКИРУЮЩИЕ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ У СТАРЫХ МЫШЕЙ
Authors: Zulfugarova Parvin A.
Published: October 2021

Цель. Исследование механизмов формирования изменений глюкокортикоидной рецепции (в эксперименте на белых беспородных мышах старого возраста) под влиянием световой десинхронизации.
Материалы и методы исследования. Объектами исследования были белые беспородные мыши (n=246), средний возраст которых составил около 19 месяцев. Световую десинхронизацию моделировали путем изменения режима освещения (комбинация естественного и искусственного освещения) в течение 23 дней. В определённые дни после начала десинхронизации проводили взятие проб крови, в которых с помощью иммуноферментного анализатора «Multiskan GO» определяли уровень плазменного кортизола. Радиоиммунологическим методом выявляли комплексы антиген-антитело, в котором один из иммунореагентов был мечен изотопом. Результаты анализировались для выявления сходства или различий (применяли двухвыборочный тест Стьюдента, с оценкой достоверности различий при p<0,05).
Результаты исследования и обсуждение. Результаты анализа уровня экспрессии глюкокортикоидных рецепторов II типа (относится к стресс-индуцирующим факторам) и уровня экспрессии глюкокортикоидных рецепторов III типа (стресс-блокирующий фактор) в различные сроки после проведения световой десинхронизации указывали на патологическое снижение адаптационных способностей. У старых мышей это выражалось в увеличении количества стресс-индуцирующих факторов и неадекватным уменьшении синтеза стресс-блокирующих факторов. Вероятно, у старых мышей в ответ на стрессовые стимулы происходит ослабление протекторных механизмов их организма. Полученные данные не противоречат общепринятым концепциям, которые толкуют роль глюкокортикоидной системы в системе протекторных механизмов организма. Однако, известно, что помимо глюкокортикоидных и антиглюкокортикоидных механизмов имеются и прочие звенья, которые реагируют при световой десинхронизации (уровень цитокинов, эндогенных опиоидов, серотонина и др.). В этом контексте мы запланировали продолжить исследования с большим количеством животных и наряду с изучением при световой десинхронизации глюкокортикоидной рецепции, также провести комплексный анализ показателей иммунного и нейромедиаторного статуса.
Заключение. Исследования влияния световой десинхронизации на стресс-индуцирующие и стресс-блокирующие физиологические механизмы у старых мышей выявили высокую степень стрессовой реакции у них на этот раздражитель. Эти сведения могут быть очень полезны в медицине и биологии. Вместе с тем, для более надёжных выводов необходимо продолжить исследования на ещё большем количестве животных (в том числе молодого возраста) и изучить наряду с глюкокортикоидами показатели иммунного и нейромедиаторного статуса.
СТРУКТУРА МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ И ВИТАЛИТЕТНАЯ СТРУКТУРА ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЙ TULIPA GESNERIANA L. НА ЕРГЕНИНСКОЙ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТИ
Authors: Lidzhieva Nina Ts. , Ochirova Aleksandra S. , Ovadykova Zhanna V. , Ubushaeva Saglara V.
Published: October 2021

Обоснование. Изучение жизненности индивидуумов и виталитетной структуры популяций является одним из актуальных подходов в оценке состояния редких видов растений, к которым относится объект исследования.

Цель. Определение структуры морфологической изменчивости и виталитетной структуры ценопопуляций Tulipa gesneriana L. на Ергенинской возвышенности.

Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили в течение двух вегетационных сезонов в трех ценопопуляциях из разных растительных сообществ. Уровень изменчивости 12 морфологических признаков растений оценивали по С.А. Мамаеву. В структуре изменчивости выделяли группы системных индикаторов. Для оценки пластичности признака использовали индекс фитоценотической пластичности, виталитетного спектра популяций – методику Ю.А. Злобина, виталитетной структуры популяции – индекс виталитета, виталитетного типа – критерий Q, степени процветания или депрессивности ценопопуляций – индекс IQ.

Результаты. Большинство изученных признаков растений T. gesneriana в первый год исследования имели большие значения, чем в следующем году, варьируя при этом преимущественно среднем и повышенном уровне. В следующем году уровень варьирования признаков возрос.

Структуру изменчивости морфологических признаков T. gesneriana в первый год исследования слагали группы эколого-биологических и биологических системных индикаторов, в следующем году наряду с данными двумя группами появилась группа экологических системных индикаторов. Оценка жизненности ценопопуляций T. gesneriana выявила, что они относятся к типу «процветающие». Степень процветания ценопопуляций колебалась по годам.

Заключение. Таким образом, ценопопуляции T. gesneriana относились к виталитетному типу «процветающие». Во второй год исследования в ценопопуляциях T. gesneriana, показатели жизненности ухудшались.
Vegetarian Diet - Dealing with Efficiency and Deficiency of It - A Review
Authors: Butola Lata Kanyal , Kanyal Deepika , Ambad Ranjit
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND There is already a large amount of evidence demonstrating the health benefits of vegetarian and plant-based diets along with lower incidence of obesity, diabetes, heart disease and certain forms of cancer as well as improved lifespan. Vegetarian diets tend to be lower in fat, particularly saturated fat and higher in dietary fiber. Consuming more whole grains, legumes, nuts, soy protein along with the absence of red meat, this form of eating plan will have many benefits for the prevention and treatment of obesity and chronic health conditions, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whereas an excellently-planned vegetarian or vegan diet may fulfil all nutritional needs of an individual person. It may be important to pay careful attention to certain nutrients to maintain an appropriate intake, especially if the person is on a vegan diet. Legumes, such as soy, dried beans, peas, and lentils, are also important for a vegan diet because they are great sources of sugar, protein, iron, zinc, and calcium. It is important to ingest nuts and seeds as they increase essential fat intake and help to meet the energy and protein needs. Fortified foods (including vitamin B-12, calcium, and vitamin D) must be eaten since they are the only acceptable sources for certain vitamins in the vegan diet. This article will review the evidence of the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and also address strategies for meeting the nutritional needs of those adopting a vegetarian or plantbased eating pattern, and summarize the characteristics and benefits of vegetarian diets in the general population and the possible beneficial effects of such diet on phosphate balance, insulin sensitivity, and the control of metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. KEY WORDS Nutrients, Vitamin B12, Zinc, Omega 3 Fatty Acids
THE EFFECT OF THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STUDENT TOLERANCE
Authors: Zain Rinduan , Zahrotun Salimah
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes the relationship and scale of influence in the school environment toward students' tolerance. This research was conducted in Senior High School State 8 Yogyakarta. The population was all 809 students. The sampling technique used in this research is probability sampling with the method stratified random sampling so that the respondents were obtained, 271 students. The independent variable was in the school environment, and the dependent variable was in the form of tolerance. The data was collected used a questionnaire. The data has been collected and analyzed using bivariate correlation analysis and simple linear regression correlation using SPSS version 16. The bivariate correlation analysis was produced a correlation coefficient of 0.43 and a significance value of 0. It showed the relationship between school environment and tolerance with enough correlation categorize so that Ha accepted and H0 rejected. Meanwhile, regression similarity Y = 37.621 + 0.525 X. The significance value of the regression test was of 0, t-count > t-table = 7.815 > 1.968. So, Ha accepted, and H0 rejected. The school environment influences students' formation tolerance in Senior High School State 8 Yogyakarta of 53%.
DEVELOPING STUDENT INFORMATION LITERACY SKILL IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Iskhak Muhamad , Nora Saiva Jannana  , Sara Diana  , Nur Azizah  , Ita Nurmalasari
Published: October 2021

Filtering the abundance of information is done by providing information literacy skills. Information literacy skills need to be possessed by every student at school age to manage information as needed. The school library is one of the facilities that can equip students' information literacy skills. The school library seeks programs and activities related to information literacy. This study examines the efforts made by the library to develop information literacy skills. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research was conducted at the Ganesha Library of SMA Negeri 1 Jetis Bantul Yogyakarta. Research informants are the head of the library, deputy head of the library, librarians, teachers of reading interest, and students. The data collection techniques are used by observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed by data reduction, display data, and conclusion—the validity of the data used by triangulation of sources. The results showed that (1) Students at SMA Negeri 1 Jetis Bantul Yogyakarta had information literacy skills developed with the support of the Ganesha Library. (2) The efforts made by the Ganesha Library to develop students' information literacy skills are through library programs and activities, the role of librarians, the role of teachers, and the empowerment of human resources. The literacy skills possessed by students help them sort out information according to their needs, especially for the development of their academic activities.
EKSISTENSI YURIDIS DAN EMPIRIS HUBUNGAN KERJA NON-STANDAR DALAM HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Izzati Nabiyla Risfa
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaturan hubungan kerja non-standar dalam hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia serta dampaknya terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-empiris, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara yuridis, terdapat dua bentuk hubungan kerja non-standar yang diatur dalam hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, yakni hubungan kerja dengan sistem kontrak (PKWT) dan hubungan kerja outsourcing. Sedangkan, dua bentuk hubungan kerja non-standar lain, yakni hubungan kerja part-time atau on-call dan disguised employment relationship belum diatur dalam hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Padahal, secara empiris, data menunjukkan bahwa baik pekerja part-time maupun pekerja gig-economy yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai disguised employment relationship telah lama eksis dan bahkan terus meningkat jumlahnya di Indonesia. Ketiadaan pengaturan ini berimplikasi pada absennya perlindungan hukum bagi banyak pekerja dalam hubungan kerja non-standar.
ThunderRW
Authors: Sun Shixuan , Chen Yuhang , Lu Shengliang , He Bingsheng , Li Yuchen
Published: October 2021

As random walk is a powerful tool in many graph processing, mining and learning applications, this paper proposes an efficient in-memory random walk engine named
ThunderRW.
Compared with existing parallel systems on improving the performance of a single graph operation, ThunderRW supports massive parallel random walks. The core design of ThunderRW is motivated by our profiling results: common RW algorithms have as high as 73.1% CPU pipeline slots stalled due to irregular memory access, which suffers significantly more memory stalls than the conventional graph workloads such as BFS and SSSP. To improve the memory efficiency, we first design a generic step-centric programming model named Gather-Move-Update to abstract different RW algorithms. Based on the programming model, we develop the step interleaving technique to hide memory access latency by switching the executions of different random walk queries. In our experiments, we use four representative RW algorithms including PPR, DeepWalk, Node2Vec and MetaPath to demonstrate the efficiency and programming flexibility of ThunderRW. Experimental results show that ThunderRW outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by an order of magnitude, and the step interleaving technique significantly reduces the CPU pipeline stall from 73.1% to 15.0%.
FlexPushdownDB
Authors: Yang Yifei , Youill Matt , Woicik Matthew , Liu Yizhou , Yu Xiangyao , Serafini Marco , Aboulnaga Ashraf , Stonebraker Michael
Published: October 2021

Modern cloud databases adopt a
storage-disaggregation
architecture that separates the management of computation and storage. A major bottleneck in such an architecture is the network connecting the computation and storage layers. Two solutions have been explored to mitigate the bottleneck:
caching
and
computation pushdown.
While both techniques can significantly reduce network traffic, existing DBMSs consider them as orthogonal techniques and support only one or the other, leaving potential performance benefits unexploited.

In this paper we present
FlexPushdownDB (FPDB)
, an OLAP cloud DBMS prototype that supports fine-grained hybrid query execution to combine the benefits of caching and computation pushdown in a storage-disaggregation architecture. We build a hybrid query executor based on a new concept called
separable operators
to combine the data from the cache and results from the pushdown processing. We also propose a novel
Weighted-LFU
cache replacement policy that takes into account the cost of pushdown computation. Our experimental evaluation on the Star Schema Benchmark shows that the hybrid execution outperforms both the conventional
caching-only
architecture and
pushdown-only
architecture by 2.2X. In the hybrid architecture, our experiments show that Weighted-LFU can outperform the baseline LFU by 37%.
Robustness against read committed for transaction templates
Authors: Vandevoort Brecht , Ketsman Bas , Koch Christoph , Neven Frank
Published: October 2021

The isolation level Multiversion Read Committed (RC), offered by many database systems, is known to trade consistency for increased transaction throughput. Sometimes, transaction workloads can be safely executed under RC obtaining the perfect isolation of serializability at the lower cost of RC. To identify such cases, we introduce an expressive model of transaction programs to better reason about the serializability of transactional workloads. We develop tractable algorithms to decide whether any possible schedule of a workload executed under RC is serializable (referred to as the robustness problem). Our approach yields robust subsets that are larger than those identified by previous methods. We provide experimental evidence that workloads that are robust against RC can be evaluated faster under RC compared to stronger isolation levels. We discuss techniques for making workloads robust against RC by promoting selective read operations to updates. Depending on the scenario, the performance improvements can be considerable. Robustness testing and safely executing transactions under the lower isolation level RC can therefore provide a direct way to increase transaction throughput without changing DBMS internals.
SKT
Authors: Chiosa Monica , Preußer Thomas B. , Alonso Gustavo
Published: October 2021

Data analysts often need to characterize a data stream as a first step to its further processing. Some of the initial insights to be gained include, e.g., the cardinality of the data set and its frequency distribution. Such information is typically extracted by using
sketch
algorithms, now widely employed to process very large data sets in manageable space and in a single pass over the data. Often, analysts need more than one parameter to characterize the stream. However, computing multiple sketches becomes expensive even when using high-end CPUs. Exploiting the increasing adoption of hardware accelerators, this paper proposes
SKT
, an FPGA-based accelerator that can compute several sketches along with basic statistics (average, max, min, etc.) in a single pass over the data. SKT has been designed to characterize a data set by calculating its cardinality, its second frequency moment, and its frequency distribution. The design processes data streams coming either from PCIe or TCP/IP, and it is built to fit emerging cloud service architectures, such as Microsoft's Catapult or Amazon's AQUA. The paper explores the trade-offs of designing sketch algorithms on a spatial architecture and how to combine several sketch algorithms into a single design. The empirical evaluation shows how SKT on an FPGA offers a significant performance gain over high-end, server-class CPUs.
Auto-pipeline
Authors: Yang Junwen , He Yeye , Chaudhuri Surajit
Published: October 2021

Recent work has made significant progress in helping users to automate
single
data preparation steps, such as string-transformations and table-manipulation operators (e.g., Join, GroupBy, Pivot, etc.). We in this work propose to automate
multiple
such steps end-to-end, by synthesizing complex data-pipelines with both string-transformations and table-manipulation operators.

We propose a novel
by-target
paradigm that allows users to easily specify the desired pipeline, which is a significant departure from the traditional
by-example
paradigm. Using by-target, users would provide input tables (e.g., csv or json files), and point us to a "target table" (e.g., an existing database table or BI dashboard) to demonstrate how the output from the desired pipeline would schematically "look like". While the problem is seemingly under-specified, our unique insight is that implicit table constraints such as FDs and keys can be exploited to significantly constrain the space and make the problem tractable. We develop an AUTO-PIPELINE system that learns to synthesize pipelines using deep reinforcement-learning (DRL) and search. Experiments using a benchmark of 700 real pipelines crawled from GitHub and commercial vendors suggest that AUTO-PIPELINE can successfully synthesize around 70% of complex pipelines with up to 10 steps.
Zachowania starszych konsumentów wobec zjawiska marnotrawstwa żywności
Authors: Neffe-Skocińska Katarzyna , Tomaszewska Marzena , Bilska Beata
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy była ocena zachowań starszych konsumentów wobec zjawiska marnotrawstwa żywności i ocena znajomości informacji umieszczanych na opakowaniach produktów spożywczych. Badania ankietowe wykonano metodą CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview). Wzięło w nich udział 1115 respondentów, z czego 51,1 % stanowiły kobiety, a 48,9 % – mężczyźni. Grupa osób w wieku powyżej 60 lat stanowiła 27,4 % badanych konsumentów (n = 305). W kwestionariuszu sformułowano pytania dotyczące sześciu aspektów tematycznych: 1) struktury marnowanej żywności w gospodarstwach domowych, 2) ogólnej znajomości zjawiska marnotrawstwa żywności i źródeł informacji o nim, 3) spożycia żywności po upływie daty minimalnej trwałości, 4) znaczenia zwrotu „najlepiej spożyć przed...”, 5) wskazania różnicy pomiędzy znaczeniem zwrotów „najlepiej spożyć przed...” i „należy spożyć do...”, 6) wskazania produktów oznaczonych zwrotem „najlepiej spożyć przed...”. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że osoby powyżej 60. roku życia mają elementarną wiedzę z zakresu tematyki marnotrawstwa żywności, nie odbiegającą znacząco od pozostałej części społeczeństwa polskiego. Osoby starsze deklarują rzadsze wyrzucanie produktów żywnościowych w porównaniu z pozostałymi grupami wiekowymi. Wszyscy badani respondenci, w tym osoby starsze, wykazują dezorientację w rozumieniu zwrotów „należy spożyć do...” i „najlepiej spożyć przed...” oraz w rozróżnianiu produktów żywnościowych trwałych od łatwo psujących się. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na słuszność podjętych badań i konieczność ich kontynuacji celem jak najlepszego poznania zachowania konsumentów, w tym także osób starszych, przyczyniających się do marnowania żywności. Istnieje uzasadnione wskazanie do prowadzenia aktywnej polityki publicznej i kampanii edukacyjnych na temat gospodarowania żywnością na poziomie końcowego konsumenta.
Aspekty technologiczne, ekonomiczne i zdrowotne zastosowania promieniowania mikrofalowego w obróbce żywności
Authors: Ptak Sylwia , Żarski Arkadiusz , Kapuśniak Janusz
Published: October 2021

Właściwe odżywianie jest jednym z głównych czynników, które determinują zdrowie społeczeństwa. Wzrastająca świadomość konsumentów na temat prawidłowych nawyków żywieniowych, a jednocześnie coraz większe tempo życia wymuszają poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań w zakresie technologii żywności i technologii gastronomicznej. Obróbka żywności za pomocą promieniowania mikrofalowego jest techniką, która umożliwia znaczne skrócenie czasu procesu technologicznego. Energię tego promieniowania wykorzystuje się m.in. do suszenia, ogrzewania oraz sterylizacji produktów spożywczych. Produkt końcowy może charakteryzować się zmienionymi właściwościami, np. obniżonym poziomem istotnych dla zdrowia substancji bioaktywnych zawartych w żywności nieprzetworzonej lub przeciwnie – zachowaniem cech prozdrowotnych żywności w porównaniu z konwencjonalnymi metodami przetwarzania. Celem pracy była analiza zagrożeń i korzyści zdrowotnych wynikających ze stosowania promieniowania mikrofalowego w gospodarstwach domowych i w przemyśle spożywczym. Dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej wiedzy społeczeństwa na temat bezpieczeństwa korzystania z kuchenek mikrofalowych oraz wpływu obróbki mikrofalowej produktów spożywczych na ich właściwości prozdrowotne. Po przeprowadzeniu analizy problemu można stwierdzić, że wiele badań potwierdziło wyższość obróbki mikrofalowej nad metodami konwencjonalnymi pod względem zdrowotnym (zachowanie substancji bioaktywnych w żywności), wygody stosowania, jak i ekonomicznym (krótszy czas trwania procesu, co obniża koszty obróbki cieplnej produktów).
Wiedza i postrzeganie tłuszczów a zwyczaje żywieniowe polskich konsumentów produktów do smarowania pieczywa
Authors: Pilska Magdalena
Published: October 2021

Wśród polskich konsumentów obserwuje się większe spożycie tłuszczów niż zalecane przez dietetyków. Duże spożycie tłuszczów, szczególnie o niekorzystnym profilu kwasów tłuszczowych, może przyczyniać się do występowania problemów zdrowotnych. Celem pracy była charakterystyka zwyczajów i zachowań żywieniowych konsumentów produktów do smarowania pieczywa, a także postrzegania i używania przez nich tłuszczów. W badaniach przeprowadzonych na ogólnopolskiej reprezentatywnej próbie (n = 891) polskich konsumentów wykazano, że postrzeganie własnego stylu żywienia jako zdrowego nie zawsze w praktyce oznacza, że jest on rzeczywiście zdrowy. Stwierdzono dużą częstość spożycia słodyczy i czerwonego mięsa, które jest źródłem nasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych i cholesterolu. Równocześnie znacząca większość respondentów deklarowała regularne spożywanie posiłków oraz spożywanie owoców i warzyw co najmniej raz w tygodniu. Zaobserwowano, że zwyczaje polskich konsumentów zmieniają się w kierunku częstszego spożywania produktów korzystnych dla zdrowia. Do smarowania pieczywa najczęściej używane było masło, do smażenia – olej rzepakowy, zaś do pieczenia – margaryna, co odzwierciedla specyfikę kuchni polskiej. Odnotowano szereg fałszywych przekonań na temat zawartości nasyconych i nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych w tłuszczach, a także ich wpływu na zdrowie. Wykazano także względną równowagę pomiędzy spożywaniem tłuszczów roślinnych i zwierzęcych. Z uwagi na to, że wiedza badanych konsumentów na temat tłuszczów nie jest kompleksowa i usystematyzowana, konieczna wydaje się edukacja w tym zakresie. Rozbieżności między przekonaniami i zwyczajami żywieniowymi oraz brak świadomości dotyczącej własnej niewiedzy mogą przyczyniać się do niekorzystnych zjawisk zdrowotnych, takich jak otyłość i choroby z nią współistniejące.
The Effect of Balance Training on Ankle Sprains in Badminton Players
Authors: Sumartiningsih Sri
Published: October 2021

Ankle sprains are common injuries in various sports. It has happened 54- 66.9% occur in badminton players. This study design used review articles study. A literature search was conducted systematically using ACSM, AJSM, BJSM, OJSM, and human sport and exercise databases to retrieve articles published until December 2013. Controlled trials and controlled laboratory studies comparing different strategies to promote early recovery of ankle sprain were included. There are limited studies on the balance training program and ankle sprain. Five control and treatment study were reviewed. The study reported that balance training programs significantly reduce ankle sprains. The Balance training program can be applied to reduce the risk of ankle sprains in badminton players.
El humanocentrismo ante el etnocentrismo: ubicando la experiencia humana al centro de la disciplina de Relaciones Internacionales
Authors: Cossens González Salimah Mónica G.
Published: October 2021

El objetivo en este trabajo es analizar los orígenes del eurocentrismo, así como de su consolidación en la forma de un etnocentrismo anglosajón, como las visiones dominantes en el estudio de Relaciones Internacionales. De igual manera, se revisan las razones por las que esta ideología continúa vigente y por qué estos enfoques han influido no solo en la disciplina académica sino también en la misma estructura política de la sociedad internacional pasando por alto las voces de las regiones periféricas de este centro europeo-anglosajón. Al respecto, en él se hace un análisis introductorio sobre el papel que la Historia ha fungido dentro de la disciplina y la forma en que la corriente principal de esta la ha utilizado, muchas veces, como la cantera desde donde extraer los hechos que han apoyado a conformar las teorías y los paradigmas del presente. La Historia ha sido una herramienta exógena, si no superflua, por mucho tiempo, utilizada por la ideología dominante, que ha contribuido al paradigma eurocentrista. Por lo que en este trabajo se aboga por la ampliación de la perspectiva geotemporal en el análisis y la diversificación de las temáticas en Relaciones Internacionales para darle voz a todas las regiones del mundo. A partir del análisis documental de diversos textos, con especial atención a aquellos escritos fuera del centro académico tradicional europeo, como los trabajos de Deniz Kuru, de Turquía, Melody Fonseca, de Puerto Rico, y las opiniones de académicos de diversos centros de investigación en América Latina, se propone en este artículo reconstruir la disciplina, como lo sugiere Jacques Derrida, no con el objetivo de disolverla o destruirla, sino el de analizar las estructuras sobre las que se basa el elemento discursivo, la manera en la que pensamos, la perspectiva desde donde analizamos. Un punto de partida para enriquecer esta visión es la de buscar en la historia de cada una de las regiones del mundo los orígenes de las interacciones humanas, qué nos puede decir la historia de cada región sobre su propia experiencia internacional para así darnos cuenta que, como Aristóteles lo dijo, el ser humano es por naturaleza, un ser político y que lo internacional está intrínsecamente ligado a la naturaleza humana. Con esta visión humanocentrista, podemos reconstruir acertadamente una disciplina global e inclusiva, sumándola a la concepción dominante y perfeccionándola en unas Relaciones Internacionales con un conocimiento holístico de la sociedad internacional, dando pauta a elaboraciones teóricas “hechas en casa”.
La política exterior de España hacia las monarquías árabes del Golfo (1978-2021)
Authors: González del Miño Paloma , Hernández Martínez David
Published: October 2021

El artículo analiza la política exterior española con los miembros del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo (CCG) -Arabia Saudí, Omán, Emiratos Árabes Unidos (EAU), Qatar, Bahréin y Kuwait- desde el establecimiento de la democracia en España hasta la actualidad (1978-2021). El análisis abarca un período donde las relaciones han ido progresivamente intensificándose, repercutiendo en ámbitos como el comercio, la energía, la seguridad, la cultura y la política. El reino saudí constituye el país de la región con el que España tiene unos vínculos más estrechos y consolidados, aunque también destaca el peso creciente de EAU y Qatar. Un elemento central de estas relaciones bilaterales recae en la figura del monarca español que con fuerte carácter diplomático y apoyado en la confianza entre la casa real española y sus homólogos de la región contribuye a potenciar la política exterior y la imagen del país entre los socios de la zona. La investigación demuestra que las relaciones con las monarquías árabes del Golfo es una de las áreas de la política exterior española que muestra una mayor continuidad y coherencia a lo largo del tiempo. Existe un consenso entre las principales fuerzas políticas, sociales y económicas españolas por mantener las especiales relaciones bilaterales en un entorno discrecional. No obstante, en los últimos aumentan las críticas y presiones en España por limitar la asociación con este tipo de regímenes. El trabajo expone la evolución de las relaciones hispano-árabes a través de diferentes etapas, que se corresponden con cambios políticos y sociales ocurridos tanto en el contexto doméstico como en el espacio internacional. El estudio se enmarca en el enfoque de política exterior, estableciendo dos líneas centrales de trabajo. En primer lugar, analizando las relaciones de España con las monarquías del Golfo según la evolución del contexto internacional, espacio regional y circunstancias internas; y, en segundo término, la exposición de los principales objetivos e intereses sobre los que el Estado español intenta desarrollar las asociaciones con los regímenes árabes, así como decisiones, medios y recursos implementados para su realización.
“He Massacred the Article”: How Dostoevsky Edited an Article About Tyutchev in “Grazhdanin” (“Citizen”)
Authors: Buchneva Daria
Published: October 2021

The problem of attribution of the article “In fresh memory of F. I. Tyutchev” ("Grazhdanin", 1873, No. 31) was posed for the first time by N. F. Belchikov in 1925. N. F. Belchikov referred to F. M. Dostoevsky's letter to A. G. Dostoevskaya dated 29 July 1873, in which the editor of "Grazhdanin" referred to a strong revision of Meshchersky's article. A. V. Arkhipova, citing counterarguments, believed that “In fresh memory of F. I. Tyutchev” cannot be attributed to Dostoevsky, since he limited himself to editorial revision. Taking into account N. F. Belchikov's attribution, the editorial board of the academic "Complete Works of F. M. Dostoevsky" agreed with A. V. Arkhipova’s point of view and did not include the article in the publication. In 2004, V. A. Viktorovich included it in the “Collective” section of the 11th volume of "The Complete Works of F. M. Dostoevsky" in 18 vols. While noting the editorial revision, the researchers did not pay attention to the linguistic features of the text. In this article, the author examines the peculiarities of the style of “In fresh memory of F. I. Tyutchev”, provides the results of examining the article using statistical methods and number of arguments in favor of strong editorial revision done by Dostoevsky, who managed to adapt to the author's style and internalize it. Dostoevsky did not claim authorship. He edited the article, stylistically improved it, but it is an example of editing that does not transform into co-authorship.