bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative approach on the impact of diet and physical activity on young people between 19 and 26 years
Authors: CONSTANTINESCU Mihai , VIZITIU Elena
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In the literature, nutrition is considered to be the basis for the energy supply in all the forms of physical activity. Energy needs depend on gender, age, body weight and possibly the type of the physical activity. Inadequate energy intake can lead to weight loss, fatigue, lack of concentration and no athletic performance. The constant physical activity involves the consumption of carbohydrates, useful for the formation and storage of muscle glycogen. The development of healthy eating and physical activity behaviors in childhood and adolescence are very important for adult life. That is why an early intervention can lead to healthy behaviors and it can prevent the occurrence of overweight and obesity.
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how important a controlled diet is correlated with regular physical activity, in the normal development of young people aged between 19 and 26 years.
Conclusions. The attitude is the one that should lead to a food program with a balanced diet that ensures good health, without increasing the percentage of fat, and to cause a weight loss for the young people who want to lose weight.

Keywords: impact, diet, physical activity, young people,
Emotionality and Quality of Life in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: ANTONESCU Oana-Raluca , SILISTEANU Andrei-Emanuel , RACHERIU Mihaela , SZAKÁCS Juliánna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: It is well-known that musculoskeletal conditions are related with pain and anxiety. Anxiety is a complex concept that involves a transient state caused by different factors, as well as a persistent mood.
Aim: The aim of the study is to reveal the associations between the discomfort caused by some musculoskeletal disorders and the emotionality (anxiety as a trait or a state) on the one hand and, on the other hand, the level of quality of life.
Material and method: The study was cross-sectional and was performed in a period of 6 months on an outpatient basis of 174 patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, we have taken into consideration 5 groups of patients, according to the presented medical condition: low back pain, law back osteoporosis, hand osteoarthritis, knee osteoarthritis, coxarthrosis. We have administered two scales to all the patients: The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form X1 (anxiety a s a state) and form X2 (anxiety as a trait) and the Quality of Life (QOL)
Results: For patients who were diagnosed with low back pain, quality of life was 60.71% of the maximum value. Anxiety by using the S.T.A.I. form X1 at an average value was 46.5, anxiety assessed by the STAI form X2 scale, indicates an average value of 39. In the case of osteoporosis, the value of their quality of life was 90.18%. Anxiety (form X1) was 36, and anxiety (form X2) was 52. For the patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis, respectively with knee osteoarthritis, the quality of life were 87.5% and 77.67%, anxiety (form X1) were 41 and 48, anxiety (form X2) were 47 and 61. For patients diagnosed with hand disorders, the quality of life was 81.25%, anxiety (form X1) was 62 and anxiety (form X2) was 47.
Conclusions: It was found that in the case of the low back pain, the quality of life had the lowest value (60.71% of the maximum value). In knee osteoarthritis it was found the highest value of anxiety as a trait was 61, and the highest value of anxiety as a condition was found in osteoarthritis of the hand as 62.

Keywords: anxiety, quality of life, musculoskeletal disorders,
Quality of Life and Negative Affectivity at the Patients with Stroke and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: SZAKÁCS Juliánna , DUICA Lavinia-Corina , RACHERIU Mihaela
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Stroke can be a severe debilitating medical condition due to its medical consequences. When it occurs at an individual with pre-existent musculoskeletal disorders, the medical recovery becomes more problematic. Some consequences, like negative affectivity and a reduced quality of life intervene to varying degrees.
Material and method. Our study included 150 outpatients who were diagnosed with stroke and one of five types of musculoskeletal disorders (low back pain, osteoporosis, hand disorders, hip osteoarthritis, knee osteoarthritis). We divided all the patients in five sub-groups. To assess the negative affectivity (anxiety) and quality of life we administered to the patients two scales: the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form X1 (anxiety a s a state) and form X2 (anxiety as a trait) and The Quality of Life (QOL).
Results. In patients diagnosed with stroke and osteoporosis, the quality of life was 83.92% of the maximum value. Anxiety as a state rated at an average of 50.5 and anxiety as a trait rated at an average of 45. In the case of stroke and degenerative diseases at the lower limbs, we registered the quality of life of 77.68% in knee osteoarthritis and 75.89% in hip osteoarthritis; anxiety as a condition had an average value of 65 and, as a trait, a value of 63 in knee osteoarthritis, while in hip osteoarthritis the anxiety as a condition, and, in the same time, as a trait, rated both at 49.5. Low back pain in stroke patients had a quality of life of 77.86% of the maximum value; anxiety as a condition was 48 and the anxiety trait has the value of 47. For the patients with stroke and hand disease, the quality of life was assessed at 88.83%. Anxiety as a condition recorded an average value of 48 and the average value of 51 for anxiety as a trait recorded an average value of 51.
Conclusions. The lowest score of quality of life is recorded in the patient diagnosed with stroke and hip osteoarthritis (75.89% of the maximum value). This association converges with body dynamics, as the overlap of these two medical conditions may explain reduced functionality. The value of anxiety as a condition and also as a trait was higher in patients with stroke and osteoarthritis of the knee (65 and 63, respectively). The latter result is understandable, as intense pain and, therefore, discomfort related to osteoarthritis of the knee is well known.

Keywords: stroke, anxiety, quality of life, musculoskeletal conditions,
Foramen Magnum Meningioma – A common histological tumor in a rare location
Authors: Văcăraș Vitalie , Maior Tiberiu , Munțiu Aurora , Taloș Aurora , Mureșanu Dafin-Fior
Published: September 2021

Meningiomas located in the foramen magnum area are uncommon. We report the case of a patient with a mass lesion compressing the medulla, who was admitted to the Neurology Department for cervical pain and tetraparesis. On the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination, specific features for a meningioma were described, confirmed later by the histopathological examination. The patient presented a favorable evolution, at only one month after surgery.

Keywords: Meningioma, Tetraparesis, Foramen Magnum, Neurosurgery
Rehabilitation in a case of severe osteoporosis with prevalent fractures in a patient known with multiple sclerosis and prolonged glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: POPA Florina-Ligia , ILIESCU Madalina Gabriela , STANCIU Mihaela , GEORGEANU Vlad
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Osteoporosis has a major influence on the quality of life because of its impact on bone strength. Osteoporosis and fractures are frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis, decreased mobility being an important risk factor in these patients.
Objectives. This paper presents a case of severe osteoporosis in a patient with multiple sclerosis, to emphasize a correlation between this two pathologies.
Material and Methods. We present the case of a female Caucasian patient, aged 65 years, known with progressive multiple sclerosis, on long-term use of glucocorticoids, and severe osteoporosis, who is investigated for mechanical pain and functional deficiency in the lumbar spine and the right hip, motor deficit, predominantly on right limbs and walking disorders. The patient was diagnosed with severe osteoporosis treated with raloxifene and bisphosphonates, with multiple vertebral fractures and vitamin D deficiency. During hospitalization the patient followed myorelaxant therapy and an individualized rehabilitation program.
Results and discussion. During follow-up, there was a significant increase followed by a recent decrease in bone mass density in the lumbar spine and hip. The patient was recommended a loading dose of cholecalciferol for three months and initiation of teriparatide therapy after restoring 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.
Conclusion. In patients with multiple sclerosis,screening and early management of osteoporosis and osteopenia are essential.

Keywords: multiple sclerosis, glucocorticoid therapy, osteoporosis,
Definition of textural deterioration in squid samples: Three different tools supported by microbial, visual and physico-chemical analysis
Authors: Ceylan Zafer , Çetinkaya Turgay
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present study was to reveal the textural profile changes like hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and adhesion supported by total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count (TMABc), pH, and some visual sensory characteristics in squid samples stored at 4 ºC. Three different Brookfield Texture Analyzer tools, named TA7, TA9, and TA18 were used to observe the textural changes more clearly. The difference of TMABc between the storage days reached from 4.32 log CFU/g to 6.32 log CFU/g. The hardness value of the squid samples, detected by TA18 and TA9 tools, increased while the hardness value obtained from TA7 was higher. The highest change in cohesiveness value in the squid samples was defined by the TA9 tool as ~63%. Once springiness values detected by TA9 were sharply decreased from 4.9 mm to 2.1 mm, those of TA7 and TA18 were slowly decreased. The most increase in adhesion value (0.08 mJ to 0.21 mJ) was obtained in the TA7 tool. Depending on the textural quality changes, the pH value was increased, and as visual and sensory, dark, or yellow spots were observed. The present study results revealed that especially the TA18 tool could be effectively used to determine the quality changes of the squid samples.
The role of nitrosative and oxidative stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver tissue applied mercury chloride (HgCl2)
Authors: Taysı Mehmet Reşit , Kırıcı Muammer , Kırıcı Mahinur , Ulusal Hasan , Söğüt Bünyamin , Taysı Seyithan
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress caused by mercury chloride (HgCl2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver tissue. For this purpose, the LD50 value of HgCl2 on rainbow trout was determined as 551 μg/L. In the study, 40 fish in four groups were exposed to 25% and 50% (138 and 276 µg/L) of the two subletal doses of HgCl2 for 2 and 7 days, with 10 fish (n=10) in each group. To determine oxidative stress; peroxynitrite (ONOO−), total oxidant level (TOS), total antioxidant level (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. In the study, it was observed that the differences between the groups in terms of ONOO−, TOS, TAS and OSI levels in the liver tissues was significant (P<0.05), however, this difference was not significant (P>0.05) in terms of MDA values. As a result, it can be concluded that HgCl2 increases ONOO−, TOS, TAS, OSI and MDA levels in liver tissue and even small doses of mercury are toxic to fish.
Contribution of fishery and aquaculture products to Turkish foreign trade: An evaluation by a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method
Authors: Akmermer Bilgen , Çelik Pelin
Published: September 2021

Fisheries and aquaculture industry, which provides a continuous and high-return market advantage to potential countries, is also one of the priority industries for Turkey. Although Turkey has important advantages with its geographic position and bio-diversity, the industry's contribution to foreign trade is not at an acceptable level. Accordingly, it is important to evaluate the capture fishery and aquaculture products, which provide the best contribution to the foreign trade of Turkey. Thus, the present paper aims to provide foreign trade executives with an intuition about the most appropriate products to invest in and contributing products to Turkish foreign trade within the scope of market strategies. Entropy-WASPAS, which is a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method, is used for evaluating the contribution of fishery and aquaculture products to Turkish foreign trade. This model includes both criteria (production, import quantity, import value, export quantity, export value) and alternatives (trout, sea bream, sea bass, sprat, atlantic bonito, anchovy, horse mackerel, pilchard, sea snail, prawn, cuttle fish, mussel). Entropy is used to determine the criteria weights, and WASPAS is applied for ranking the fishery and aquaculture products. According to the results, export value is the most important criteria while Sea Bream is found as the most significant product for Turkey’s foreign trade.
Investigation of Nasturtium officinale R.Br. and Mentha aquatica L. taxa reaction in different lead element concentrations
Authors: Boyalan Gizem İlgün , Erduğan Hüseyin
Published: September 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphological and physiological effects of agricultural activities and lead pollution on Nasturtium officinale and Mentha aquatica macrophytes living in Umurbey Stream (Çanakkale), and also the competition between plants in this region was investigated. Macrophytes were collected between May-June 2016 from the lower part of Gökköy Passage, which is covered with orchards on both sides of Çanakkale province, Umurbey district, Umurbey Stream. The macrophytes were left in the nutrient solution for 3 days for the adaptation process. In the first stage, the effect of lead contamination on the morphology and physiology of macrophyte species was investigated in a single culture at 1, 5 and 10 ppm Pb concentrations. Then, the competitiveness of two macrophyte species at an intermediate dose of 5 ppm Pb in a mixed culture was examined. In addition to the amount of, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, free proline, protein, total phenolic compound amount, adsorbed lead amount and total potassium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium amounts were examined. P, Fe, Mg, K, Pb and protein content reached the highest level at the dose of 5 ppm Pb where N. officinale was affected the most morphologically. At the same time, N officinale minimized the photosynthetic pigment and free proline levels at this dose. The dose at which M. aquatica was most affected morphologically was 10 ppm Pb dose. P, Fe, Mg and K contents of M. aquatica at that dose reached the highest value. This study proved that M. aquatica was morphologically and physiologically more resistant in two control groups where there was no lead stress and aquatic plants were grown together. Morphologically and physiologically, it has been shown that N. officinale was more combative when lead was applied as stress. With this study, it was determined that watercress is a good lead accumulator by adsorbing more than twice the lead amount absorbed by water mint.
Assessment of goatfish fisheries in Turkey based on the microdata set of official landing statistics
Authors: Çelik Mavruk Nuray , Mavruk Sinan , Avşar Dursun
Published: September 2021

Although goatfishes (Mullidae Rafinesque, 1815) are among the most important commercial fishes in Turkey, no research has been found investigating the characteristics and spatial patterns of goatfish fishery. Here, we assessed the goatfish fishery of Turkey based on the microdata set of Turkish National Fishery Statistics gathered by Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) between 2014 and 2017. In this context, we investigated the variation of total goatfish catch by cities. In addition, we compared the contribution of small (boat <10m) and large scale (boat >10m) fishers as well as different fishing techniques to the total goatfish catch in Turkey. Finally, an evaluation was made on the discard rates recorded in the official landing statistics. The results showed that higher red mullet (Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758) catch was reported in the eastern Mediterranean, whereas surmullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) catch was significantly higher in the western Black Sea. On the other hand, fishery-independent investigations revealed that the Turkish fishery fleet mostly catches red mullet throughout the coasts of Turkey. Therefore, the separate records of red mullet and surmullet in the landing statistics likely represent the local names of red mullet rather than two different species. Large scale fishers were the main source of fishery pressure in the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea. However, the majority of the catch was landed by small scale fishers in the Marmara Sea. The bottom trawl fishery landed 88, 92 and 87% of total goatfish catch in the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. Purse seiners provided the largest part of total goatfish catch (40%) in the Marmara Sea, where the bottom trawl fishery is prohibited. The overall average for the discard rate was found to be 0.47%. There were no statistically significant differences among the discard rates of two species, marine regions or fishing methods.
Karyotype, C-band and NOR phenotype of Anatolian endemic fish Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) (Teleostei, Leuciscidae)
Authors: Ünal Karakuş Sevgi , Gaffaroğlu Muhammet
Published: September 2021

The karyotype and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of Anatolian leuciscine endemic to Lake Beysehir, Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) were analyzed respectively using conventional Giemsa-staining, C-banding and Ag-impregnation. Diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50 and karyotype consisted of 7 pairs of metacentric, 13 pairs of submetacentric, 5 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes, NF value equaled 90. Heteromorphic elements indicating sex chromosomes were not detected. C-banding revealed clear pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin blocks in several chromosomes. Ag-impregnation revealed the size heteromorphism of NORs that covered almost the entire short arms of the middle-sized submetacentric chromosome pair. The karyotype pattern and simple NOR phenotype of S. anatolicus are nearly identical with that found not only in Squalius species analyzed to date but also in many other representatives of the Eurasian leuciscine cyprinids, which indicates remarkable chromosome stasis in this leuciscid lineage.
Evaluation of seasonal changes in terms of irrigation water quality of Terzialan Pond (Çan, Çanakkale)
Authors: Selvi Kahraman , Özdikmenli Tepeli Seda , Kaya Burcu
Published: September 2021

Determining the water quality of agricultural irrigation ponds has great importance both for agricultural production and for aquatic organisms. In this study, seasonal changes of the physico-chemical parameters and metal concentrations of water in Terzialan Pond were investigated. In 2019, physico-chemical analysis of the water samples taken from four sampling points are made according to APHA (2012) standard method, determining metal concentrations with ICP-OES. The water quality of the pond is evaluated according to YSKYY, ITASHY and TS266 classes. Terzialan Pond, according to Surface Water Quality Management Regulations is found to be second quality in terms of phosphate concentration and first quality in other parameters. The pond can be used as agricultural irrigation water being in C2-S1 class according to US Salinity Laboratory diagram and very good- good class according to Wilcox diagram. Changes in water quality are observed due to anthropogenic effects depending on seasonal agricultural and recreational activities, besides natural effects. Periodic monitoring of the pond will be beneficial for environmental management.
Production of dry fermented fish sausages by using different fish species and determination of the microbiological qualities
Authors: Kılınç Berna , Çaklı Şükran
Published: September 2021

In this study frozen-thawed rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets were used for preparing of dry fermented fish sausages. The total mesophilic aerob bacteria (TMAB), total psychrophilic aerob bacteria (TPAB), yeast–mould (YM), lactic acid bacteria (LB), Enterobactericeae (EB), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) changes of these dry fermented sausages were examined in the refrigerated storage at 6-8˚C. At the end of the storage period of 90 days, the results of the TMAB, TPAB, YM, LB, EB and SA counts of dry fermented seabass sausages were determined as 6.25, 7.01, 3.61, 5.31, <1.0 ve <1.0 log cfu/g, while, TMAB, TPAB, YM, LB, EB and SA counts of dry fermented trout sausages were found as 6.57, 7.20, 4.44, 5.14, <1.0 ve <1.0 log cfu/g, respectively. In this study both fermented fish sausages were determined as too much dried and exceeded the microbiological limit of TMAB at the end of the storage period of 90 days in the refrigerator. However, fermented seabass sausage reached the maximum level of YM count on the 10th day of storage, whereas fermented trout sausage reached this level on the 30th day of storage. Therefore, it is suggested that they should be packaged in vacuum packaging because of preventing too much drying and the growth of undesirable moulds. Additionally, the identification of microorganisms in fermented fish sausages would also be advised to determine desirable and undesirable microorganisms. Dry fermented fish sausage would be an alternative product to traditional dry fermented meat sausage in Turkey because of the health benefits of fish.
Effect of ellagic acid on growth and some antioxidant parameters in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Eksen Tuncay , Mişe Yonar Serpil
Published: September 2021

In the present study, it was investigated the effects of various levels of dietary ellagic acid on growth performance and antioxidant status in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed with the control diet and three different experimental diets containing three graded levels of ellagic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 diet) for 60 days. On 30th and 60th days of experiment, the growth performance [live weight gain, relative growth and specific growth rate] and oxidant/antioxidant parameters [malondialdehyde level, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and reduced glutathione level] were analysed. There was no statistically significant difference in the live weight gain, relative growth and specific growth rates of the control and ellagic acid treated groups (p > 0.05). When compared to the control group, the liver and kidney malondialdehyde levels of ellagic acid treated groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The liver and kidney catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and reduced glutathione levels of ellagic acid treated groups were significantly increased when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that ellagic acid can be used as an antioxidant in fish.
Feeding of Barbus cyclolepis Heckel, 1837 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and its relationship with benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in the Istranca Stream (İstanbul, Turkey)
Authors: Saç Gülşah , Dökümcü Nilay , Özuluğ Oya , Özuluğ Müfit
Published: September 2021

The aims of the study are to determine what the organisms Barbus cyclolepis consume as food in its feeding environments and to compare prey consumption with prey abundance in the environment. The study was conducted in the Istranca Stream located in Istanbul (Turkey) during the spring and summer of 2012. A total of 142 B. cyclolepis specimens were captured and it is determined that 94 of them had full digestive tracts. Diet analyses of B. cyclolepis showed that its food spectrum consisted of 11 different food types, and the species was found to feed on insects, mainly Diptera (IRI%= 92.26%). The most abundant macroinvertebrate organisms in the environment were Diptera and Gastropoda. The electivity index of B. cyclolepis was positive for Diptera in the spring (E= 0.49), but the value was below the expected value of 0.6 for high selectivity. The electivity values for other macroinvertebrate groups, consumed in low proportions, were negative. In summer, the fish fed on Diptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, but a high electivity index value was found only for Trichoptera (E= 0.87). Results showed that B. cyclolepis mainly consumed Diptera as food and did not consume Gastropoda, although it is the second most abundant macroinvertebrate group in the environment. A relationship was determined between the proportion of food groups consumed in the digestive tracts of fish and the ratios of macroinvertebrates in the environment, and as a result, it was specified that the fish was selective on Diptera.
Artificial seagrass experiments in the Northeast Mediterranean
Authors: Yılmaz Özgür , Mavruk Sinan , Gökçe Gökhan
Published: September 2021

: Seagrasses provide important nursery grounds, shelter and natural habitats for juvenile fish. In this study, we evaluated if artificially created seagrass areas can play the same role as the natural seagrass (NS) habitats. The study was carried out in three different stations on the coast of Yumurtalık, Adana, selected according to the seagrass areas. Artificial seagrass (AS) was made of polypropylene ribbon and fixed on the ground in the designated areas with a depth of 0.5 m on average. Sampling was carried out with a beach seine net once a week at stations between 28 April 2016 and 11 August 2016. Sampled fish were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Based on our results, the fish abundance and species richness of NS and AS habitats were not statistically different, whereas the both parameters were significantly lower in sandy (S) habitats (p<0.001). Moreover, the species composition of NS and AS habitats was found to be similar each other, whereas the composition was significantly different in S habitats. This study, conducted in the Northeast Mediterranean, shows that AS habitats effect the distribution of juvenile fish.
The visual characteristics and quality of cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in earthen ponds and net cages in Turkey
Authors: Ünal Şengör Gülgün F. , Ceylan Zafer , Gürün Sevan , Kalkan Samet , Hulyar Onnocan
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate the quality differences and visual characteristics between cultured gilthead sea bream obtained from earthen ponds and net cage habitats. No significant differences from obtained in two different habitats are determined cultured gilthead sea bream in terms of chemical and microbiological quality. It has been determined that it is a safe food for consumption since it does not contain pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. that negatively affect food safety. Visual quality differences are distinguished like the skin color, reddish color on the operculum cover, the head shape and the tail transparency from each other. Having unique sensorial characteristics fishes from two different habitats do offer valuable nutrient sources for consumers. Thanks to the controlled aquaculture conditions, safe production of cultured gilthead sea bream is carried out according to food safety in Turkey. Therefore owing to their delicious food source of cultured gilthead sea bream it is preferred for consumption in Turkey and all ower the world.
Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake
Authors: Çağlayan Pınar
Published: September 2021

As an extreme environment, soda lakes harbor various haloalkaliphilic microorganisms. Salda Lake is one of the natural soda lake (pH˃9) in Turkey. Haloalkaliphiles are unique microorganisms in their ability to live in high alkaline and high saline conditions, and play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Hence, the aims of this study were to isolate haloalkaliphilic bacteria from water sample of Salda Lake, to identify these isolates by both conventional and molecular methods, to screen their industrially important enzymes, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Six isolates were identified as Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus haynesii according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The industrially important enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pullulanase, lipase, urease, protease, caseinase, oxidase, catalase) were produced by haloalkaliphilic isolates. These enzymes maybe used in alkaline and saline industrial processes. Although Bacillus subtilis was susceptible to all antibiotics, other isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance against antibiotics were found as ampicillin/sulbactam 83%, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 83%, ampicillin 67%, mupirocin 67%, chloramphenicol 50%, tetracycline 50%, imipenem 50%, meropenem 50%, cefadroxil 17%. These bacteria may have develope resistance to antibiotics that entering their natural environment in different ways.
Comparison of the visual texture calculation methods by image analysis, applied to mirror and scaled carp skin
Authors: Gümüş Bahar
Published: September 2021

Regions of interest (ROI) representative of the visual texture of images of mirror carp Cyprinus carpio carpio and scaled carp Cyprinus carpio were taken. Red, green, blue and grayscale (R, G, B, GS) histograms of these ROI were calculated. The following methods of visual texture calculations were performed on the ROIs: 1) image energy based on histograms, 2) image entropy based on histograms, 3) image energy based on co-occurrence matrices, 4) image entropy based on co-occurrence matrices, 5) texture based on fractal dimensions, 6) texture based on texture primitives method. Calculations were performed for color and grayscale images. The identification of the smoothest and roughest ROIs depended on the method used. The largest range between the minimum and maximum values was found in the co-occurrence matrix-based entropy calculation. A close second was the texture change index (TCI) method.
Observation of Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte and Garay 1986) / Vibrio shiloi (Kushmaro et al. 2001) bacteria from skin ulcers of the cultured sea cucumber Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823)
Authors: Tolon Mustafa Tolga , Karacalar Ulviye , Şirin Caner
Published: September 2021

Skin ulcer syndrome is frequently reported as a serious disease affecting the health, growth and mortality of stocks in sea cucumber aquaculture. In this study, bacteria isolated predominantly from skin ulcers of sea cucumber Holothuria poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823), a new candidate for aquaculture in the Mediterranean, were investigated. Morphological and biochemical tests, and molecular analysis methods were used to examine the dominant bacteria in the lesions of H. poli showing skin ulceration, peristome tumour and visceral ejection symptoms in rearing tanks. Present study is the first report for isolation and identification of Vibrio mediterranei (Pujalte and Garay 1986) (called also Vibrio shiloi Kushmaro et al. 2001) as a predominant gram-negative bacterium in the skin ulcers of H. poli. Reference data provided from the present study would lead to understand possible major pathogens causing skin ulceration syndrome and is crucial for the prophylaxis and treatment of such disease in holothuriculture.
Diagnosis of cognitive disorders in primary health care in Poland
Authors: Chmiela Tomasz , Dobrakowski Paweł , Łabuz-Roszak Beata , Gorzkowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Cel pracy

Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wiedzy i postaw oraz zasad postępowania lekarzy podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej (POZ) w Polsce w zakresie przesiewowej diagnostyki w kierunku zaburzeń funkcji poznawczych u osób w wieku podeszłym.

Metoda

Badaniem objęto 175 lekarzy zatrudnionych w POZ. Wykorzystano walidowaną autorską ankietę. Badanie przeprowadzono metodą PAPI (bezpośredni wywiad z wykorzystaniem papierowej wersji kwestionariusza) oraz CAWI (wspomagany komputerowo wywiad przy pomocy strony internetowej).

Wyniki

Zdecydowana większość badanych (n=159; 91,4%) widziała celowość prowadzenia badań przesiewowych w kierunku zaburzeń poznawczych w grupie wiekowej >65 r.ż., jednak tylko 53 osoby (30,29%) uważały, że badania te powinny być prowadzone przez lekarzy POZ. Wg ankietowanych lekarzy główną przeszkodą w diagnostyce funkcji poznawczych jest brak czasu – tak uważało 142 (81,14%) respondentów. W sytuacji podejrzenia otępienia ankietowani zwykle zlecali badania laboratoryjne oraz kierowali pacjentów do specjalisty neurologa (n=111; 63,4%). Najbardziej znanymi skalami oceniającymi funkcje poznawcze były w badanej grupie Krótka Skala Oceny Stanu Psychicznego (ang. Mini Mental Status Examination, MMSE), którą znało 120 lekarzy (68,57%), oraz Test Rysowania Zegara (ang. Clock Drawing Test, CDT), który był znany 122 ankietowanym (69,71%).

Wnioski

Lekarze POZ mają świadomość konieczności badań przesiewowych w kierunku zaburzeń poznawczych u seniorów. W chwili obecnej nie funkcjonują w ramach POZ mechanizmy umożliwiające właściwy wczesny screening w kierunku otępienia u osób z grupy ryzyka (tj.> 65 r.ż.). Opracowanie standardów wczesnego wykrywania zaburzeń poznawczych w ramach POZ w Polsce wydaje się pilną potrzebą.
Reading Comprehension Skills: The Effect of Online Flipped Classroom Learning and Student Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reflianto Reflianto , Setyosari Punaji , Kuswandi Dedi , Widiati Utami
Published: September 2021

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak in the Indonesians nowadays, the public education department established the policy of the online education system to all education levels. Most educators employ an online flipped learning method to support the policy. Research aimed to measure the effect of online based-flipped classroom learning between using Microsoft Team and WhatsApp and student engagement on reading comprehension skills. The research approach was a quasi-experimental model with a 2 x 3 factorial pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. The sample of this investigation was early period undergraduates of the management economics study program. Data analysis employed a two-way ANOVA test. The result confirmed that the online flipped learning scheme using Microsoft Team was better than WhatsApp in improving student engagement and reading comprehension skills. We advise English lecturers to apply better online media services, pay attention to the completeness of the learning features and train their competence in implementing distance learning to use compatible synchronous flipped classroom teaching based on internet technologies.
Profile of Students’ Problem-Solving Skills Viewed from Polya's Four-Steps Approach and Elementary School Students
Authors: Riyadi Riyadi , Syarifah Triana Jamilatus , Nikmaturrohmah Puput
Published: September 2021

Problem-solving is considered one of the thinking skills that must be possessed in 21st-century education because problem-solving skills are required to solve all problems that arise. The problem-solving stages that can be used are Polya's four steps, namely, understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. Problem-solving skills are essential for solving word problems. Word problems based on arithmetic operations are divided into three types: one-step, two-step, and multistep. This qualitative research aimed to see problem-solving skills viewed from the type of word questions and elementary school students’ third, fourth, and fifth grades. A purposive sampling technique with 22 third-grade students, 28 fourth-grade students, and 21 fifth-grade students was used. The data were collected using documentation, testing, and interview methods. The findings of the study showed that fourth-grade students’ problem-solving skills are better than those of third-grade students, and the problem-solving skills of fifth-grade students are better than those of fourth-grade students. The percentage of Polya's steps always decreases because not all students master problem-solving. Based on the types of questions, the percentage of the one-step word problem is better than that of the two-step while the percentage of the two-step word problems is higher than that of the multistep.
Introduction: The Great Simplification
Authors: Timcke Scott
Published: September 2021

This chapter introduces the concern of the book with unfreedom and class rule in contemporary American capitalism as seen in the digital realm. Class struggle is the first and last force shaping developments in communication. Computers are built using commodity chains and a labour process, both organized by the supremacy of a private property rights regime. Subsequently, as data and code are central to almost every facet of contemporary life, capitalist ideology with its conceptions of suitable social relations are reflected in the uses and programming. It is thus appropriate to worry about when, as opposed to whether, automated decision-making algorithms and their ilk will be used by corporations to optimize for profit at the expense of people. Capitalism is not about 'markets' or even private property per se. Rather it is a political order that consolidates decision-making power over the use, circulation and consumption of resources in a wealthy minority in ways that are opaque. As communication is a component of class formation it is also inflected by the structural antagonisms and contradictions inherent in capitalist societies. The chapter focuses on the results of systems, relationships and structure as they move in history along with the concepts and methods required to achieve that aim.
Drug resistance in diploid yeast is acquired through dominant alleles, haploinsufficiency, gene duplication and aneuploidy
Authors: Barney Jordan B. , Chandrashekarappa Dakshayini G. , Soncini Samantha R. , Schmidt Martin C.
Published: September 2021

Previous studies of adaptation to the glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose, bySaccharomyces cerevisiaehave utilized haploid cells. In this study, diploid cells were used in the hope of identifying the distinct genetic mechanisms used by diploid cells to acquire drug resistance. While haploid cells acquire resistance to 2-deoxyglucose primarily through recessive alleles in specific genes, diploid cells acquire resistance through dominant alleles, haploinsufficiency, gene duplication and aneuploidy. Dominant-acting, missense alleles in all three subunits of yeast AMP-activated protein kinase confer resistance to 2-deoxyglucose. Dominant-acting, nonsense alleles in theREG1gene, which encodes a negative regulator of AMP-activated protein kinase, confer 2-deoxyglucose resistance through haploinsufficiency. Most of the resistant strains isolated in this study achieved resistance through aneuploidy. Cells with a monosomy of chromosome 4 are resistant to 2-deoxyglucose. While this genetic strategy comes with a severe fitness cost, it has the advantage of being readily reversible when 2-deoxyglucose selection is lifted. Increased expression of the twoDOGphosphatase genes on chromosome 8 confers resistance and was achieved through trisomies and tetrasomies of that chromosome. Finally, resistance was also mediated by increased expression of hexose transporters, achieved by duplication of a 117 kb region of chromosome 4 that included theHXT3,HXT6andHXT7genes. The frequent use of aneuploidy as a genetic strategy for drug resistance in diploid yeast and human tumors may be in part due to its potential for reversibility when selection pressure shifts.
Cardography as a research method through writing and drawing in higher education workshops
Authors: Rocha Ana Isabel Serra de Magalhães
Published: September 2021

This article is supported by the author’s experience through a methodology created during her Ph.D. thesis ‘The experience of book’s place at the university’, also during COVID-19 restrictions. The student transformed public presentations into collaborative research workshops, where new interrelations and concepts occurred rooted in arts-based research methodologies, exploring art and education, in its scope. Cardography is an invented designation based on a/r/tography, as a creative living research methodology that uses cards as a device for a visual inquiry, considering that each book’s page is a card to be written or drawn (digital or paper), documenting the dialogic process during each research workshop. The research result contemplates an artistic object, which is displayed afterwards in university and art exhibitions. The reader is invited to follow a fil rouge alignment, inspired by a book structure, reflecting upon concepts and research methods not yet implemented at the art education doctoral course.
Construction of a new day hospital in Zadar using recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the pilot project of application of recycled aggregate during construction of a new day hospital in Zadar. The project included the demolition of an existing hospital building and the use of generated construction waste as recycled aggregate in the construction of a part of the building. The 16/32 mm fraction of aggregate was obtained by mechanical processing of the generated waste which was then tested in accordance with the HRN EN 206 and HRN EN 12620 standards. Four concrete mixes were prepared, and the fresh (slump, density, air content) and hardened properties were tested (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, capillary absorption, water permeability, drying shrinkage). The obtained results confirm that by complying with the standards for recycled aggregates and knowing their origin it is possible to produce concrete with properties equivalent to those of ordinary concrete for specified durability conditions.
Property valuation by machine learning for the Norwegian real estate market
Authors: Sangha Amandip
Published: September 2021

We train a machine learning model on large data set for predicting property values in the Norwegian real estate market. Our model is a gradient boosted regression tree. The data set is the largest market data set of properties in Norway considered in the research literature. We achieve state of the art accuracy.

A large scale market data set of real estate properties is collected from sales and rental ads on publicly accessible internet sites. The property advertisements show property features and appraisal values made by real estate brokers. We train a gradient boosted regression tree model on selected features of the data set. This is a multivariate regression model built with supervised learning. We do 5-fold cross validation to assess the accuracy and robustness of the model.

The gradient boosted regression tree models are already known to give the best prediction accuracy on real estate price valuations. We achieve state of the art pre- diction accuracy using a minimal feature set and only publicly and freely available sales advertisement data.

The novelty of our work lies in the fact that we use a minimal feature set in our model, and we have the largest data set in the research literature, and moreover we have used only freely and publicly accessible data which are simple to obtain. This shows that useful estimation models with high accuracy can be built with quite simple resources.
Generation of Fractals using Polar Coordinates
Authors: Charonov Serguei
Published: September 2021

The article describes an algorithm for generating fractals using polar coordinates. The classic Julia and Mandelbrot polynomial iteration applied to a complex number is replaced by an iteration with separate functions for distance and angle. A polynomial function is used for an angle and a power function for a distance. Varying the functions parameters allows to create a wide range of attractive pictures. Distance values ​​are used for coloring fractal images.
the complexification of the exceptional Jordan algebra and applications to particle physics
Authors: Corradetti Daniele
Published: September 2021

Abstract Recent papers of Todorov and Dubois-Violette[4] and Krasnov[7] contributed revitalizing the study of the exceptional Jordan algebra h3(O) in its relations with the true Standard Model gauge group GSM. The absence of complex representations of F4 does not allow Aut (h3 (O)) to be a candidate for any Grand Unified Theories, but the group of automorphisms of the complexification of this algebra isisomorphic to the compact form of E6. Following Boyle in [12], it is then easy to show that the gauge group of the minimal left-right symmetric extension of the Standard Model is isomorphic to a proper subgroup of Aut(C⊗h3(O))
Youth Participation In Agriculture: A Study Of Ughelli South Local Government Area Of Delta State
Authors: ROSEMARY EFIMUEH
Published: September 2021

The Research work was carried out to investigate the proximate analysis of assessing youth participating in agriculture: Ughelli South Local Government Area, Delta State. Thus, ten (10) communities were selected using descriptive non probability research design. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from the ten (10) Local Government Areas of Delta state gotten from six (6) Kingdoms that made up Ughelli South. The information from the respondents were analysed and interpreted using tabular method percentage of R/N=100/1 in part A of personal information of the respondent while part B was analysed using mean (X) with a cut off mean point of 3.00 items in each research question were accepted when it is 3.00 and above mean point and rejected when it is below cut off mean point of 3.00. The major finding is that 70% of farmers in Ughelli South were of the age group into subsistence farming.
Effects Of Farmers Empowerment Programmes On Agricultural Productivity In Kwande LGA Of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Boko Shadrach Nguuma , Iheanacho Andrew Chikaodi
Published: September 2021

The study examined the effect of farmers' empowerment programmes on agricultural productivity in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State. The specific objectives were to; examine the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers; determine the effect of farmers empowerment programme on farm inputs accessibility; determine the effect of farmers empowerment programme on productive asset acquisition; determine the effect of farmers empowerment programme on the income of the farmers; and examine the problems encountered by farmers in farmers empowerment programmes. Data for the study were collected using questionnaire administered to farmers. Frequency distribution, percentage, and chi-square statistics were used for data analysis. The major findings of the study showed that the male gender participated in the programme more than the females (59.1%), and most of the farmers were above 40 years (59.5%). Majority (59.1%) had a household size of more than six persons, cultivating 3-4.99 hectares of land (50%) and had farming experience of more than 7 years (59.1%). There was discrimination in distribution of agricultural incentives, subsidies and credit facilities (59.1%). Poor awareness of the scheme was an obstacle to capturing farmers on the scheme (59.1%). There was high positive effect of farmers' empowerment programmes on farm inputs accessibility (t-tab.0.995; t-cal.4.585), productive asset acquisition (t-tab.0.479; t-cal.8.557) and income of farmers (t-tab.0.349; t-cal.16.515). The study recommended that the government, individuals and non-governmental organizations should join hands to adequately finance farmers' empowerment programmes of the rural dwellers. The agencies and government officials' in-charge of the empowerment programmes should avoid discrimination against farmers in the distribution of agricultural programme packages. The government and empowerment agencies should ensure that awareness is created about the existence of the programme so that more farmers will be captured on the scheme through frequent seminars; workshop and enlightenment campaigns.