bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is microbiota a factor in the mechanism of glaucoma development?
Authors: Orenburkina O. I. , Babushkin A. E. , Shamsutdinov S. M.
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, glaucoma is viewed as a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition that involves many factors affecting different cell types in a human body. As is known, increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is not the only threatening factor of ganglion cell apoptosis and glaucomatous optic neuropathy development; IOP can be associated with other factors, such as vascular, metabolic, neurotrophic, immune, inflammatory, etc. However, the treatment of glaucoma remains largely symptomatic, aimed almost exclusively at reducing IOP. Microbiotic dysbiosis is a newly developing research direction of the glaucomatous progress, showing that this mechanism may turn out to be an important factor of glaucoma development. There are reasons to believe that treatment strategies aimed at microbiota damage correction may contribute to a better efficiency of glaucoma management.
Current trends and prospects of the local antihypertensive drugs development for the glaucoma treatment
Authors: Petrov S. Yu. , Fillipova O. M. , Malishevskaya T. N. , Markelova O. I.
Published: July 2024

Glaucoma is one of the world’s primary causes of blindness. Russia is following the global increasing trends of glaucoma and its leading position among ophthalmic pathologies that cause irreversible loss of vision. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor of glaucoma, so treatment strategies specifically focus on reducing IOP by suppressing the production of intraocular fluid and boosting its outflow. The current review presents new medications aimed at glaucoma and high IOP control that have recently appeared at the international market as well as the drugs under the different stages of development, from experimental to clinical studies. These include both the developments of agents belonging to the existing classes and of entirely new drugs intended to control IOP. In an attempt to reduce the side effects of locally administered drugs and prolong their action, in parallel with the development of new drugs, there is also evidence of alternative methods of drug delivery: intraocular implants, injectable forms and obturators, combinations of polymers and colloidal systems.
A new method for quantifying accommodation parameters based on objective dynamic accommodometry
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Luzhnov P. V. , Tarasova N. A. , Markossian G. A. , Kondratova S. E. , Shamkina L. A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to develop a technique for an objective multifactorial assessment of accommodation parameters, including accommodation stability and microfluctuations (MF), and an assessment of the diagnostic value of the technique. Material and methods. The dynamic monocular accommodative response (MAR) was measured using a WAM-5500 device (Grand Seiko, Japan) over a period of 10 to 60 seconds with a recording frequency of at least 6 Hz. The approximating cubic spline was calculated, and the temporal change of signal trend was assessed. The developed technique was used to evaluate the dynamics of MAR for 46 eyes of 23 patients aged 8–12 years with acquired myopia from -0.87 to -5.75 D (ave. -2.96 D). Results. In the examined eyes, the MF frequency varied from 0.4 Hz to 2.3 Hz (ave. 1.4 Hz), and the maximum amplitude ranged from 0.4 D to 2.47 D (ave. 1.2 D). Over the research period, the MAR trend remained constant in 10 eyes, increased from 0.17 to 0.47 (ave. 0.29 D) in 8, and decreased from 0.1 to 1.53 D (ave. 0.35 D) in 28 eyes. MAR varied from 0.79 to 2.63 (ave. 1.8 D). A correlation was found between the minimum MAR and the signal range with the trend level (r= 0.29 and r=0.4, respectively) and a weak correlation was revealed between the MF frequency and the signal range (r=0.2). A set of criteria for accommodation instability was identified: a decreasing trend of more than 0.35 D, a MF frequency of more than 1.4 per second and/or a maximum signal span of more than 1.2 D. Conclusion. The developed technique or objective multifactorial assessment of accommodation parameters, including stability and MF, in real time and space proves to be useful for the diagnosing of accommodation disorders.
Modelling of the early stage of retinal neurodegeneration via a topical injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin
Authors: Pavlenko T. A. , Chesnokova N. B. , Beznos O. V. , Grigoryev A. V. , Okhotsimskaya T. D. , Shikareva N. N.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to develop a model of the early stage of retinal neurodegeneration via an intravitreal injection of the dopaminergic neurotoxin. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 20 Chinchilla rabbits. The experimental groups received intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in NaCl 0.9 % with 0.5 % ascorbate, containing 0.25 or 0.5 mg 6-OHDA. The control group received injections of 0.1 ml of NaCl-ascorbate solution without neurotoxin. On the 7th and the 14th days after the injection, intraocular pressure (IOP), pupillary light reaction and ocular blood flow were estimated and the fundus was examined. On the 7th day after an injection of 0.25 mg 6-OHDA, we used ELISA to measure dopamine concentration in retinal homogenates, while on the 14th day after an injection of 0.5 mg 6-OHDA, the concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, TNF-a and endothelin-1 were measured by the same method. Results. On the 7th day after a 0,25 mg injection of neurotoxine, we revealed a decrease of dopamine in the retina (0.043 ± 0.130 pg/mg protein compared with 0.10 ± 0,03 pg/mg protein in the controls, р < 0.01). On the 14th day, dopamine and norepinephrine levels showed a fourfold increase (р < 0.05). An injection of 0.5 mg of 6-OHDA caused a threefold increase of dopamine (р < 0.05) and a fivefold increase of norepinephrine (р < 0.01) concentration in comparison with the controls. On the 14th day, endotheline-1 level was 65 % higher than in the controls after a 0.25 mg 6-OHDA injection (р < 0.01) and 45 % higher after a 0,5 mg injection (р<0.05). At the same time, TNF-α levels increased by 43 % (р < 0.05) and 20 % (р < 0.05) respectively. We also revealed a dose-dependent change of IOP, a disturbance of pupillary light reaction and decreased ocular blood flow after an injection of neurotoxin. Conclusion. A single intravitreal injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-OHDA in the amount of 0.25 or 0.5 mg per eye leads to a neuroinflammation and vascular disorders, which are the main pathogenetic pathways of neurodegeneration. To model its early phase, the 0.25 mg dose is preferable as it causes less dramatic functional disorders. The latter model can be useful for the investigation of retinal neurodegeneration pathogenesis, the search for early diagnostic and prognostic markers thereof and the estimation of therapy effectiveness.
Fractal phototherapy: impact on the structure and function of the retina of rabbits with modelled retinal pigment epithelium atrophy
Authors: Fadeev D. V. , Neroeva N. V. , Zueva M. V. , Tsapenko I. V. , Kotelin V. I. , Pavlenko T. A. , Beznos O. V. , Okhotsimskaya T. D. , Ilyukhin P. A. , Timofeev Yu. S.
Published: July 2024

It is believed that in degenerative diseases of the retina, photostimulation by fractal dynamics signals activates neuroplasticity, thereby increasing the efficiency of visual rehabilitation. Previously, we showed a positive effect of fractal phototherapy (FF) on the electroretinogram (ERG) of healthy rabbits and demonstrated the safety of long-term photostimulation courses for the retina. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of FF on the functional activity and morphology of the retina in rabbits with a model of retinal pathology. Material and methods. We modelled an atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on both eyes of 50 rabbits. 30 days after the administration of bevacizumab, the animals were divided into two groups of 25 animals each. In the main group, photostimulation was performed using a device for FF, while in the control group incandescent lamps were used that create radiation of constant intensity. In both groups, 20-minute binocular light stimulation sessions were performed daily, five times a week. ERG and optical coherence tomography of the retina were performed before and after courses of treatment which lasted 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Results. Long-term courses of FF were shown to be safe for the morphology of the retina of animals with the RPE atrophy model. In all periods of observation, biochemical studies revealed no statistically significant changes in the content of norepinephrine and dopamine in the tear as compared with baseline values. In the main group, a slight positive effect of FF on rod and cone ERG was found after 5 FF sessions, while a significant increase in the amplitude of the transient and steady-state pattern-ERG (PERG), most pronounced after a 1-month FF course, was observed. Conclusions. A positive effect of FF on the functional activity of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) may suggest that prescribing a course of FF lasting up to 1 month (20 sessions) in diseases accompanied by a pathology of RGC is advisable, whereas for patients with a pathology of the macular region, such as AMD, an effective improvement in the activity of photoreceptors and bipolar cells could probably be achieved through a 1-week course of FF, conducted under the control of electroretinography.
Local proteolytic system indicators as suspective factors of keratolysis development after urgent keratoplasty
Authors: Chentsova E. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Sirotkina K. V. , Beznos O. V. , Pavlenko T. A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to determine the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in the tear of patients with cornea melting and to assess whether these factors can be used as prognostically significant biomarkers of keratolysis. Material and methods. 20 patients who underwent urgent penetrating keratoplasty were tested for cornea perforation (melting) before and after the procedure. For control, 12 healthy adults (24 eyes) were tested. The tear fluid was collected before the surgery and on the 7th day after it with the help of filtering paper. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations were determined by ELISA. The course of the early postoperative period was assessed according to the area of keratotransplant epithelization on the 7th day after surgery. Results. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations in the tears of all patients before the surgery were significantly higher than the ones of healthy controls. The patients who were supposed to have re-keratoplasty had a significantly higher MMP-9 concentration than the ones who expected the first keratoplasty. An uncomplicated early postoperative period showed a statistically significant decrease of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations, whilst the complicated one demonstrated a significant increase of both markers. The highest increase of both markers was shown by the patients who underwent re-keratoplasty. Conclusion. MMP-9 concentration in the tears is a valid marker of the clinical course of the early post-keratoplasty period. To ensure a successful donor cornea engraftment, the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the tear must be high enough before the surgery and the concentration of the ferment should decrease timely after its main functions have been completed. A 2-fold (or greater) decrease of MMP-9 concentration in the tear on the 7th day after keratoplasty can be considered a marker of the favorable prognosis for engraftment.
A Comprehensive Study on High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Rao G. Purnachandra , Rahman Tanjim , Raghuveera E , Lenka Trupti Ranjan
Published: July 2024

High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and III-V compound materials
are the key research and development fields for developing improved high-power
solid-state devices and integrated circuits (ICs). GaN-based HEMTs have recently
gained popularity owing to their usage in high-power and high-frequency applications.
This chapter explains different types of heterostructures, principle operations, and basic
structures in detail, along with different types of HEMT structures. In order to
understand the operation and behavior of the High Electron Mobility Transistor
(HEMT) device, internal operation with in-depth analysis is very essential. Therefore,
the physics behind the operation of HEMT with proper analysis with the help of neat
illustrations is also discussed. Finally, the chapter concludes with a thorough analysis
of the breakthrough HEMT architecture and the difficulties posed by HEMTs. 
An Overview of Reliability Issues and Challenges Associated with AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Rao G. Purnachandra , Rahman Tanjim , Raghuveera E. , Lenka Trupti Ranjan
Published: July 2024

GaN-based High Electron Mobility Transistors are currently exhibiting
exceptional performance in areas that handle high power, high frequency, etc. In
particular, their outstanding electrical control characteristics that were demonstrated in
HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistors) based on GaN material made them very
promising due to their fundamental and intrinsic unparalleled properties over the
existing technologies that use Si-based materials. When a technology enters the
manufacturing stage, reliability remains an important challenge. So, it is essential to
strongly encourage the knowledge database on the reliability of GaN-based HEMTs.
This study focuses on the primary issues that have impacted the reliability of GaNbased HEMTs in both the past and the present. The article focuses on the main
problems that have affected the dependability of GaN-based HEMTs both in the past
and present, followed by difficulties and potential future applications.
Next Generation High-Power Material Ga2O3 : Its Properties, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Reddy M. Nomitha , Panda Deepak Kumar
Published: July 2024

Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3
) is an emerging semiconductor material that has
gained significant attention in the field of electronics due to its unique properties and
potential applications. Gallium Oxide has a very large bandgap of around 4.8-4.9 eV;
this wide bandgap allows gallium oxide to withstand higher breakdown voltages and is
well-suited for high-power switches, high-voltage rectifiers and inverters. Gallium
oxide-based power electronics can operate at higher voltages and temperatures,
enabling efficient energy conversion and reducing losses. In this book, we have
discussed the physical properties, growth, and deposition methods along with the
various applications of Gallium Oxide. We have even simulated a Gallium Oxide
FINFET and discussed its electrical parameter’s behavior and various RFIC parameters
for different fin widths. 
Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat terhadap Luaran Klinis Pasien PROLANIS Program Rujuk Balik Diabetes dengan Hipertensi di Puskesmas Minggir pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Apristina Ana ,   Program Studi Sarjana (S1) Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata, Nurinda Eva , Kusumawardani Nurul , Yugistyowati Anafrin , Dwinta Eliza ,   Program Studi Sarjana (S1) Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata,   Program Studi Sarjana (S1) Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata,   Program Studi Sarjana (S1) Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata,   Program Studi Sarjana (S1) Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata
Published: July 2024

Treatment adherence is an important factor in long-term treatment that can affect clinical outcomes. Thisstudyaims to determine the relationship between the level of adherence to drug use and clinical outcomes of patientswith the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) diabetes mellitus referral programandhypertension at the Minggir Health Center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Observational research methodwithpurposive sampling technique totaling 79 respondents, independent variables were measured usingindirectmethods in the form of questionnaires and pill counts, dependent variables in the formof Fasting BloodSugar(GDP), HbA1c and blood pressure were seen through medical records. Statistical analysis used Chi-squaretodetermine the relationship between the level of adherence to clinical outcomes (p-value ≤0.05). Basedontheresults of the socio-demographic characteristics of the research respondents, the majority of the categorieswereelderly (93.7%), educational status did not finish school (57%) and employment status did not work (64.6%). Theresults showed that 36 patients (45.6%) were in the adherent category and 43 patients (54.4%) were non-adherentusing the drug. Results Clinical outcome GDP, HbA1c and blood pressure were said to be controlledin13patients (16.5%) and 66 patients (83.5%) were said to be uncontrolled. There was no significant relationshipbetween the level of adherence to the clinical outcomes of diabetes (p=0.435); and clinical outcomeofhypertension (p=0.199) and there was no significant relationship between the level of adherence to druguseandthe clinical outcome of diabetic patients with hypertension (p=0.963). Based on the results of the study, it canbeconcluded that there was no significant relationship between the level of adherence to drug use andtheclinicaloutcomes of PROLANIS patients in the diabetes mellitus referral program and hypertension at the Minggir HealthCenter during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prototype Learning Management System untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Regional Training Center PT. SGMW Sales Indonesia
Authors: Siswanto Ibnu , Surjono Herman Dwi , Indartono Setyabudi , Sofyan Herminarto , Arifin Zainal , Hardianto Deni , Dewi Ayu Sandra
Published: July 2024

Pengembangan LMS berupa platform yang dapat dipergunakan untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran secara blended learning (offline ataupun online). LMS yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari mitra industri (PT. SGMW Sales Indonesia) untuk mengembangkan Regional Training Center di Indonesia. LMS yang dikembangkan bertujuan untuk menyediakan platform pembelajaran yang dapat dipergunakan oleh PT. SGMW Sales Indonesia untuk melakukan kegiatan training bagi para karyawan yang meliputi teknisi, custome care officer, dan juga service advisor.
Synthesis of Eu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal method
Authors: Egelskii I. V. , Pugachevskii M. A. , Martynova E. A. , Neruchev Yu. A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose of research. Synthesis, characterization and comparison of the photocatalytic properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

   Methods. Europium-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by post-treatment processes including washing and annealing. Characterization was conducted using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and energy-dispersive analysis. The bandgap width of the nanoparticles was determined through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Photoluminescence properties were studied using scanning probe microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic properties were studied by spectrophotometry to determine the degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet radiation.

   Results. Transmission electron microscopy identified the average particle sizes of europium-doped titanium dioxide. Using X-ray phase analysis, it was established that the nanoparticles were in the anatase phase regardless of the europium content percentage. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the dopant in the samples. The photoluminescence intensity peak increased proportionally with the increase in europium content percentage. The strongest photocatalytic properties were exhibited at the lowest europium content among the samples studied.

   Conclusion. Synthesized and processed europium-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles with anatase polymorphic modification exhibit photoluminescent properties. The luminescence intensity depends on the concentration of europium in the particles, due to the formation of additional energy levels inside the band gap. The photocatalytic properties of europium-doped nanoparticles are significantly improved in comparison with samples synthesized without impurities. However, a europium concentration above 0,5% leads to the growth of structural defects that reduce the mobility of photogenerated charge carriers and creates a high energy barrier that prevents them from reaching the surface.
Efficacy of Magnesium Supplementation in Cancer Patients Developing Hypomagnesemia Due to Anti-EGFR Antibody: A Systematic Review
Authors: KATO TAIGO , KAWAGUCHI TAKAHISA , FUNAKOSHI TARO , FUJIWARA YUTAKA , YASUDA YOSHINARI , ANDO YUICHI
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Hypomagnesemia is a common side effect of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies, which may lead to arrhythmia. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines for magnesium (Mg) supplementation in the management of hypomagnesemia in patients with anti-EGFR antibodies. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to address clinical questions regarding these cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for articles published until June 18, 2021. The main outcomes used were “anti-EGFR antibody” and “hypomagnesemia”. Results: After screening 78 references in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ICHUSHI-web databases, three studies were included in the review. One study revealed the effectiveness of Mg supplementation in the management of hypomagnesemia in patients receiving cetuximab. However, no studies have investigated whether correcting hypomagnesemia can lead to the suppression of arrhythmias as a clinical outcome. Conclusion: Weak evidence suggests that Mg supplementation, as a preventive measure when developing hypomagnesemia following the initiation of anti-EGFR antibody therapy, may prevent the worsening of hypomagnesemia, and subsequently prevent associated arrhythmia occurrence.
Religion, Geography, and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among International Immigrants Living in China: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhou Yuyin , Cheng Feng , Xu Junfang
Published: July 2024

Background

Behavioral differences exist between countries, regions, and religions. With rapid development in recent decades, an increasing number of international immigrants from different regions with different religions have settled in China. The degrees to which sexual behaviors—particularly risky sexual behaviors—differ by religion and geographical areas are not known.

Objective

We aim to estimate the associations of religion and geographical areas with sexual behaviors of international immigrants and provide evidence for promoting the sexual health of international immigrants.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted via the internet with a snowball sampling method among international immigrants in China. In our study, risky sexual behaviors included having multiple sexual partners and engaging in unprotected sex. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the basic characteristics of international immigrants as well as their sexual behaviors, religious affiliations, and geographical regions of origin. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses with multiplicative and additive interactions were used to identify aspects of religion and geography that were associated with risky sexual behaviors among international immigrants.

Results

A total of 1433 international immigrants were included in the study. South Americans and nonreligious immigrants were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, and Asian and Buddhist immigrants were less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. The majority of the Muslims had sexually transmitted infection and HIV testing experiences; however, Muslims had a low willingness to do these tests in the future. The multivariate analysis showed that Muslim (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.453, 95% CI 0.228‐0.897), Hindu (AOR 0.280, 95% CI 0.082‐0.961), and Buddhist (AOR 0.097, 95% CI 0.012‐0.811) immigrants were less likely to report engaging in unprotected sexual behaviors. Buddhist immigrants (AOR 0.292, 95% CI 0.086‐0.990) were also less likely to have multiple sexual partners. With regard to geography, compared to Asians, South Americans (AOR 2.642, 95% CI 1.034‐6.755), Europeans (AOR 2.310, 95% CI 1.022‐5.221), and North Africans (AOR 3.524, 95% CI 1.104‐11.248) had a higher probability of having multiple sexual partners.

Conclusions

The rates of risky sexual behaviors among international immigrants living in China differed depending on their religions and geographical areas of origin. South Americans and nonreligious immigrants were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. It is necessary to promote measures, including HIV self-testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation, and targeted sexual health education, among international immigrants in China.
Attentional Bias, Pupillometry, and Spontaneous Blink Rate: Eye Characteristic Assessment Within a Translatable Nicotine Cue Virtual Reality Paradigm
Authors: Courtney Kelly Elizabeth , Liu Weichen , Andrade Gianna , Schulze Jurgen , Doran Neal
Published: July 2024

Background

Incentive salience processes are important for the development and maintenance of addiction. Eye characteristics such as gaze fixation time, pupil diameter, and spontaneous eyeblink rate (EBR) are theorized to reflect incentive salience and may serve as useful biomarkers. However, conventional cue exposure paradigms have limitations that may impede accurate assessment of these markers.

Objective

This study sought to evaluate the validity of these eye-tracking metrics as indicators of incentive salience within a virtual reality (VR) environment replicating real-world situations of nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use.

Methods

NTP users from the community were recruited and grouped by NTP use patterns: nondaily (n=33) and daily (n=75) use. Participants underwent the NTP cue VR paradigm and completed measures of nicotine craving, NTP use history, and VR-related assessments. Eye-gaze fixation time (attentional bias) and pupillometry in response to NTP versus control cues and EBR during the active and neutral VR scenes were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA and analysis of covariance models.

Results

Greater subjective craving, as measured by the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire–Short Form, following active versus neutral scenes was observed (F1,106=47.95; P<.001). Greater mean eye-gaze fixation time (F1,106=48.34; P<.001) and pupil diameter (F1,102=5.99; P=.02) in response to NTP versus control cues were also detected. Evidence of NTP use group effects was observed in fixation time and pupillometry analyses, as well as correlations between these metrics, NTP use history, and nicotine craving. No significant associations were observed with EBR.

Conclusions

This study provides additional evidence for attentional bias, as measured via eye-gaze fixation time, and pupillometry as useful biomarkers of incentive salience, and partially supports theories suggesting that incentive salience diminishes as nicotine dependence severity increases.
Syndromic Surveillance Tracks COVID-19 Cases in University and County Settings: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Wass Lily Minh , O'Keeffe Hoare Derek , Smits Georgia Elena , Osman Marwan , Zhang Ning , Klepack William , Parrilla Lara , Busche Jefferson M , Clarkberg Marin E , Basu Sumanta , Cazer Casey L
Published: July 2024

Background

Syndromic surveillance represents a potentially inexpensive supplement to test-based COVID-19 surveillance. By strengthening surveillance of COVID-19–like illness (CLI), targeted and rapid interventions can be facilitated that prevent COVID-19 outbreaks without primary reliance on testing.

Objective

This study aims to assess the temporal relationship between confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and self-reported and health care provider–reported CLI in university and county settings, respectively.

Methods

We collected aggregated COVID-19 testing and symptom reporting surveillance data from Cornell University (2020‐2021) and Tompkins County Health Department (2020‐2022). We used negative binomial and linear regression models to correlate confirmed COVID-19 case counts and positive test rates with CLI rate time series, lagged COVID-19 cases or rates, and day of the week as independent variables. Optimal lag periods were identified using Granger causality and likelihood ratio tests.

Results

In modeling undergraduate student cases, the CLI rate (P=.003) and rate of exposure to CLI (P<.001) were significantly correlated with the COVID-19 test positivity rate with no lag in the linear models. At the county level, the health care provider–reported CLI rate was significantly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity with a 3-day lag in both the linear (P<.001) and negative binomial model (P=.005).

Conclusions

The real-time correlation between syndromic surveillance and COVID-19 cases on a university campus suggests symptom reporting is a viable alternative or supplement to COVID-19 surveillance testing. At the county level, syndromic surveillance is also a leading indicator of COVID-19 cases, enabling quick action to reduce transmission. Further research should investigate COVID-19 risk using syndromic surveillance in other settings, such as low-resource settings like low- and middle-income countries.
How to encourage the voluntary mobilization of mental resources in a cognitive task? (Preprint)
Authors: Louis Lina-Estelle "Linelle" , Moussaoui Saïd , Ravoux Sébastien , Milleville-Pennel Isabelle
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Cognitive training is increasingly being considered and proposed as a solution for a number of pathologies, particularly those associated with aging. However, to be effectively involved in cognitive training, it needs to be willing to put in enough mental effort to succeed and make progress.

OBJECTIVE

In this study we explore how gamification could help increasing voluntary mental effort by adding to a cognitive task visual GLE (Game-Like-Elements) within a narrative context. We also conder if this effect could endure while manipulating intrinsic variable of the task (i.e. by increasing cognitive solicitation). 

METHODS

Thus, twenty participants assessed the impact of visual GLE in cognitive tasks on Perceived Playfulness (PP) and Mental Workload (MWL; assessed thanks to NASA-TLX and WP questionnaires). We also considered increased cognitive demand through a playful task.

RESULTS

Results showed that PP was more influenced by cognitive solicitation than interface’s playful characteristics. Moreover, visual game-like elements increased MWL regarding attentional resources, while manipulating cognitive solicitation impacted MWL when linked to task requirements.

CONCLUSIONS

These results offer valuable insights to improve users’ experience during gamified cognitive tasks and serious games.
Implementation strategies to improve primary care patients’ initiation of specialty outpatient mental health treatment: A scoping review protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Crosby Eric , Turi Eleanor , Eisenman Danielle , Famiglio Emilie , Khazanov Gabriela , Jager-Hyman Shari , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Background: Primary care settings are the most common point of contact with health professionals before suicide death. Primary care clinicians often refer individuals at risk for suicide to outpatient mental health care, but many individuals fail to connect with care following referral. The range and characteristics of implementation strategies used in primary care settings to improve the initiation of outpatient mental health treatment for adults with a history of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors are unknown.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: This scoping review aims to identify and operationalize implementation strategies used in primary care settings for adults with a history of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors that target initiation of outpatient specialty mental health treatment.

METHODS

Methods: We will follow the JBI methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar will be searched for any past peer-reviewed articles published in the English language in the summer of 2024. Articles will be imported into Covidence for title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction by at least two independent reviewers. Data will be analyzed and synthesized using narratives, descriptive statistics, and figures and tables. We will review studies of adults with a history of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors presenting to primary care settings and extract implementation strategies used to improve the initiation of outpatient mental health treatment. Studies will be excluded if they were abstracts, editorials, commentaries, unpublished, or grey literature, and if they include intensive outpatient or partial hospitalization treatment.

RESULTS

Results: A limited search of databases occurred in the spring of 2024, the protocol was registered in the early summer of 2024, and a comprehensive search of databases occurred in June of 2024. The search produced 590 de-duplicated citations. Screening, full-text review, and data extraction will occur throughout the summer of 2024. We anticipate the scoping review will be completed in the Fall of 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: These findings will be used to improve the adoption, deployment, and sustainability of primary care practices that aim to provider greater access to mental health treatment for individuals with suicidality.

CLINICALTRIAL

Trial Registration: Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PXY79
ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS-A CASE SERIES
Authors: MEVADA DHARMESH , CHABHADIYA PRATIK , SINGH ANIL
Published: July 2024

Acetaminophen is the most widely used over-the-counter medication for treating fever and pain. While adverse reactions to this drug are infrequent, they can occasionally result in severe and potentially fatal events, such as Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). Due to the rarity of such reactions, there is a limited amount of information available about toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by acetaminophen. This case series will contribute to the existing knowledge in this area. In our cases, acetaminophen is the most suspected drug for the development of toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients. Causality assessment in all of these adverse drug reaction in context with World Health Organization (WHO) causality assessment scale suggests “Possible.” This case series concludes that severe hypersensitivity reactions like TEN caused by acetaminophen use and which can be potentially life-threatening which needs additional treatment.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND APPLICATION OF HEMOVIGILANCE BY POSTGRADUATES AND INTERNS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: K. SWETHA , K. VISHNU
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and application of hemovigilance by postgraduates and interns in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire is used in this cross-sectional investigation. Postgraduates’ and interns’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) about hemovigilance, potential reasons for under-reporting, and strategies for enhancing transfusion reaction reporting were all intended to be evaluated in this study. The study was carried out over a period of 2 mo and included all the clinical PGs and interns who willingly gave consent.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 243 individuals in total. A mean of 94% of postgraduate students and 92% of interns were familiar with transfusion reactions. Merely 68% of the respondents possessed knowledge of India's Hemovigilance initiative. A total of 90% of participants concurred that it is essential to report adverse transfusion reactions. The idea of hemovigilance should be taught in UG curricula, according to 92% of participants overall. The majority of participants exhibited a favourable attitude towards the idea of hemovigilance. All the participants were willing to report unfavourable transfusion reactions.
Conclusion: Although most participants have a good attitude towards reporting transfusion reactions, there is a lack of information about the hemovigilance program and the reporting process. For this reason, our research recommends that reporting procedures be included in undergraduate curricula and that seminars like training programs be held for postgraduates and practitioners.
ALOKASI ANGGARAN PENDIDIKAN MENUJU VISI SDGs DI INDONESIA: WAWASAN LITERATUR PERBANDINGAN TERHADAP NEGARA ASEAN
Authors: Alfarizi Muhammad , Sari Rini Kurnia
Published: July 2024

With the world's fourth largest population, Indonesia is experiencing significant growth. Indonesia possesses demographic dividend potential that brings economic opportunities towards becoming a developed country. Human resource preparation is key to successfully harnessing the demographic bonus of 2035. Efforts to improve the quality and accessibility of education are implemented through budget allocation as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. This study aims to analyze the education budget allocation comparison between Indonesia and the ASEAN member countries. This study provides novelty by focusing on comparing the allocation of education budgets between Indonesia and ASEAN countries through a parliamentary perspective to support the achievement of SDGs. The study adopts a qualitative method with Systematic Literature Review by analyzing 83 articles. The findings indicate that education budget allocation in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos, is a crucial focus in ensuring educational quality. Despite increasing budgets annually, challenges such as disparities in educational quality, teacher shortages, and poor infrastructure remain major issues. ASEAN countries employ different approaches to budget allocation, with some focusing on decentralization, subsidies, and public investment. International support, such as that provided by the World Bank in Cambodia and Myanmar, demonstrates a commitment to improving access and quality of education. In Indonesia, budget allocations for primary, secondary, and vocational education should be seen as investments in future human resources, with an emphasis on sustainable allocations. Improvements in diversifying budget programs and comprehensive oversight at the regional level are essential, while budget allocations for higher education and vocational training need significant increases to meet international standards, with a minimum recommendation of 2% of the national budget, according to UNESCO.
Unveiling the Power of Big Data: Insights into Big Data Analytics, Applications, and Advancements
Authors: A. K. R. S. Anusha
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In the era of digital transformation, the exponential growth of data from multifaceted origins has fundamentally revolutionized decision-making and strategic planning across global industries. Big Data, distinguished by its immense volume, rapid velocity, diverse variety, and critical veracity, introduces unprecedented opportunities alongside formidable challenges. This journal explores the foundational concepts, methodologies, and applications of Big Data and analytics. It delves into the types and characteristics of Big Data, examines sources and collection methods, outlines analytical steps and tools, and addresses the inherent challenges. Through comprehensive analysis, this journal aims to provide insights into leveraging Big Data for informed decision-making, innovation, and competitive advantage in various sectors.
PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE OF PREMARITAL PREGNANCY AMONG UNDERAGE ADOLESCENTS IN TERMS OF RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY IN CINTA MAKMUR VILLAGE - LABUHANBATU
Authors: Sasmitha Hesti , Siregar Muhammad Habibi , Muttaqin Farid
Published: July 2024

Premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents is a complex and problematic social phenomenon in Indonesia. Cinta Makmur Village in Labuhanbatu is one of the case studies with a high prevalence. This study aims to understand parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in the village and the factors that influence it. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with 2 pairs of parents who have teenage children who are pregnant premaritally, and documentation to support the research findings. The results of the study show that parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in Cinta Makmur Village varies. Some parents accept premarital pregnancy and try to help their children, while others reject and blame their children. Factors that influence parental self-acceptance include age, education, socioeconomic status, religious and cultural values, and social support. This study provides an important contribution to the understanding of parental self-acceptance of premarital pregnancy among underage adolescents in Indonesia. These factors need to be considered in efforts to prevent and manage premarital pregnancy among adolescents. The findings of this study can be used to develop intervention programs aimed at improving parental self-acceptance and reducing stigma associated with premarital pregnancy.
THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT IN EMPOWERING THE COMMUNITY TOWARDS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GAMPONG JAWA - BANDA ACEH CITY
Authors: Dahlawi Dahlawi , Putri Salsabila Helga , Fitri Della Ariska , Lestari Tria Nadila , Rahmat AR Juni
Published: July 2024

The Gampong government has an important role in empowering the community. This is the case with the Gampong Jawa government, which empowers community groups to manage waste. This research aims to discover the role played by the village government in empowering the community towards waste management in Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh City. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The data sources obtained are primary data from direct interviews with 5 informants in Gampong Jawa Banda Aceh City and secondary data collected from the field and library supporting documents. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation sent directly to the research location. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the role of the village government in waste management is very necessary for community empowerment of the surrounding environment. Then, the results of the discussion state that the village government's lack of participation and supervision in waste management by the community is a problem. The village government pays little attention to waste management groups in Gampong Jawa. The form of attention of the Gampong government only facilitates transportation facilities, such as garbage trucks and rickshaws, in waste management by the community.
IMPROVING THE WELFARE OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) AFFECTED BY ECONOMIC CHANGE THROUGH A COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Authors: Hanif Hanif , Susanto Is , Mukri Moh.
Published: July 2024

The spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia has had wide-ranging impacts on human life, particularly on the economy. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed to address this issue by actively involving the community and working with the government to develop a community economic development program. This background prompted this study intending to obtain the right program for MSMEs affected by Covid-19 in Lampung Province. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods, including observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method used is qualitative analysis, with conclusions drawn using deductive thinking frameworks. The results of this study indicate that the community economic development approach by the Lampung Provincial Government has been implemented using the processes and stages outlined in existing theories. From the process perspective, this approach has successfully gone through each process, and so far, the program is considered capable of addressing the problems faced by MSMEs affected by Covid-19. This approach is considered more effective, as the program has been widely felt and successfully fostered creativity, trust, discipline, optimism, and improving family economies. This approach has also been implemented by Islamic economic values , which consist of the values of divinity, justice, and cooperation.
Criminal liability for terrorism according to the legislation of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Наталья Юрьевна Лазарева ,   Южно-Российский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: July 2024

Today, the international community faces terrorist threats of a level and magnitude unknown in the past. Continuing terrorist attacks are causing significant changes in global security. Terrorists are not afraid to commit the most cruel and most inhumane acts. Recent global events have clearly demonstrated the fact that no country can solve security problems alone, let alone resolve such issues in the long term. All this actualizes the need for international solidarity in the fight against terrorism, for which it is necessary to study the national legislation of individual states in order to develop universal measures of influence, as well as to improve domestic anti-terrorism legislation. The presented article analyzes the current anti-terrorism legislation of the Slovak Republic, the interest in which is due to the fact that this country has common criminal legal views, doctrines, and very similar criminal legislation with the Russian Federation, which over the past decade has been significantly transformed under the influence of rec-ommendations of the European Union, and as well as the new challenges and threats it faced.
Comparative analysis of federal and municipal migration policy on the example of the municipal entity «Kursk City» (2016 – 2022)
Authors: Георгий Джунглович Пилишвили ,   Курский государственный университет, Курск, Россия, Максим Александрович Ситников ,   Курский государственный университет, Курск, Россия
Published: July 2024

The scientific work is based on the correlation of migration processes with the state of the labor market and examines the impact on the balance of supply and demand. The article analyzes the dynamics of migration and emigration in the Russian Federation and the city of Kursk. Special attention was paid to the migration flows of highly qualified specialists (within the framework of the resettlement program for former fellow citizens). The regulatory framework for regulating migration within the powers of federal authorities and authorities of the subjects is considered. The features of the migration policy in modern Russia are studied. The scientific works of various authors on the topic of migration are compared and comparatively analyzed within the framework of a retrospective.