bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery and Verification of Soybean Sprouting Selection Based on Quality Across Various Origins and Varieties: Varietal Effects on Sprouted Soybean Quality
Authors: Li Minmin , Zhao Mengying , Shi Jinfeng , Huang Yatao , Li Long , Jin Nuo , Kong Zhiqiang , Simal‐Gandarad Jesus , Wang Fengzhong , Fan Bei , Xie Hong
Published: February 2025

Research on soybean nutrition is crucial for Chinese agriculture and public health, as soybean sprouting enhances its nutritional value. However, the relationships between grain quality and soybean varieties are not yet fully understood. In this study, the quality of 49 soybean cultivars from 15 different origins was evaluated through multiple correlation analysis. Differences were observed based on their geographical origin, with Shandong Chongwen showing higher calcium and isoflavone levels than the others. A correlation was found between protein content and soybean daidzein (0.561***), as well as genistein (0.597***). Additionally, sprouting was shown to improve soybean nutrition. Among six high‐nutrient soybean varieties, increased levels of protein, minerals, and isoflavones were observed during germination. Phytic acid and oligosaccharide levels decreased by 64.7% and 94.5%, respectively, while saponin increased by 106.0%, indicating changes in antinutritional factors. The experiment establishes a clear relationship between soybean nutrients and the tested variables, highlighting the impact of germination on soybean quality and nutrient content.
IIoT Implementation to Investigate the Heat Transfer Efficiency of a Concentric Corrugated Pipe Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wiriyasart Songkran , Kaewluan Sommas
Published: February 2025

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) plays a key role in industrial applications and manufacturing processes. Numerous technologies are implementing IIoT to monitor and control manufacturing processes, maintain reliability, and increase productivity. In this study, IIoT was used to demonstrate the heat transfer performance of a double‐pipe heat exchanger at the laboratory scale to provide research guidelines. Two types of inner pipes, smooth and corrugated pipes, were used in the experiment. In the experiment, the hot‐ and cold‐water mass flow rates were 9 and 10 L/m, respectively. The cold‐ and hot‐water temperatures were set at 20°C, 22°C, and 24°C and 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C, respectively. Equipment operation control and reading and recording of the experimental data were performed using PLC and IIoT platforms. The experimental results showed that heat exchange using corrugated pipes was more efficient than smooth pipes when considering the overall heat transfer coefficient, with an effectiveness of approximately 19%. However, corrugated pipes exhibited a 30% higher pressure difference compared to smooth pipes. This reveals that IIoT has been established and can be effectively applied to laboratory thermal solutions, allowing operators to read real‐time data at any time, both inside and outside the work area.
Contrasts in Ecohydrological Partitioning of Heterogeneous Urban Green Spaces in Energy‐Limited Versus Water‐Limited Hydroclimates
Authors: Stevenson Jamie Lee , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Birkel Christian , Soulsby Chris
Published: February 2025

Urban green spaces (UGS) provide essential ecosystem services (ES), for example, precipitation infiltration for flood mitigation, transpiration (Tr) for local atmosphere cooling and groundwater recharge (Gr) for drinking water provision. However, vegetation type impacts the ecohydrological partitioning of incoming precipitation and therefore ES provision, whilst flux rate potential is different in disparate hydroclimates. Consequently, paired studies in different hydroclimates are useful to understand similarities and differences in vegetation controlled ecohydrological partitioning to effectively guide UGS management. We simultaneously undertook sub‐daily soil moisture measurements beneath three contrasting urban vegetation types (grass, shrub, mature tree) between 01/01/2021 and 31/12/2023 for an inter‐comparison of an energy‐limited Scottish and a moisture‐limited region of Germany. These data were integrated with hydroclimatic and sapflux data in the EcoHydroPlot model to constrain estimates of ecohydrological fluxes. Soil moisture data showed clear effects of the contrasting hydroclimates, with high and low VWC values in Scotland and Germany, respectively, whilst evapotranspiration potential was ~50% greater in Germany. Consequently, ecohydrological functioning and flux rates were fundamentally different, with Tr dominant in Germany and Gr dominant in Scotland. However, vegetation cover was shown in both countries to be a key control on urban ecohydrological partitioning with grass encouraging Gr, contrasting to evergreen shrubs in Scotland and mature trees in Germany elevating Tr. In Germany, impacts to hydrological functioning due to low soil VWC were marked with the mature trees high Tr rate shutting down Gr for the majority of the study period. The German site also showed greater hydrological functioning susceptibility to inter‐annual hydroclimatic variability with all fluxes heavily suppressed during the 2022 drought. In contrast, the high VWC in Scotland provided some buffer against ongoing negative rainfall anomalies. Overall, the study indicated the importance of diverse UGS vegetation cover to encourage contrasting ecohydrological fluxes.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of parental mentalization in fathers and mothers
Authors: Trepiak Philip , Deneault Audrey‐Ann , Bureau Jean‐François
Published: February 2025

Despite the growing literature on parental mentalization (including measures such as mind‐mindedness, parental reflective functioning, and parental insightfulness), considerably less research on parental mentalization has been conducted with fathers than with mothers, leaving important gaps in our understanding of gender differences in the construct. Specifically, it is not clear whether mothers and fathers exhibit similar levels of parental mentalization, and whether their scores are correlated. This knowledge can help inform the literature on similarities and differences between maternal and paternal behaviors, as well as the literature on their correlates. This study sought to answer these questions using a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating parental mentalization capacities in partnered mothers and fathers. Across 36 studies (32 unique samples and 87 effect sizes, N = 3,996 fathers and 4,414 mothers), mainly from Europe and North America, the results show that fathers presented lower scores than mothers (d = −.17, p < .001). There was also a significant correlation in scores between mothers and fathers of the same family (r = .15, p < .001). There were no significant moderators. Findings from this study emphasize the need for research on parental mentalization to use a family system approach.
Performance of ‘Sabiá’ Grass Irrigated with Drippers Installed in the Subsurface
Authors: Rocha Mayara Oliveira , de Miranda Amilton Gabriel Siqueira , da Silva Policarpo Aguiar , de Alencar Carlos Augusto Brasileiro , da Cunha Fernando França
Published: February 2025

Subsurface irrigation, which provides greater water efficiency and reduces surface soil wetting, is an effective alternative for minimizing water losses through evaporation, especially under cultivation conditions that require greater resource conservation. The ‘Sabiá’ grass, an agronomically relevant forage species, may exhibit different responses when irrigated by subsurface systems. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ‘Sabiá’ grass irrigated with drippers installed at different depths during different climatic seasons. The experiment was carried out from January to July 2022 under open‐air conditions in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in a completely randomized design in split plots with four replicates. The plots consisted of four cycles of ‘Sabiá’ grass, and the subplots consisted of seven depths of dripper installation (superficial, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm). ‘Sabiá’ grass was cultivated in pots, and the recommendations for irrigation were based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), which was measured in two drainage lysimeters. The water consumption and morphogenetic and agronomic characteristics of ‘Sabiá’ grass were evaluated. The total water consumption of ‘Sabiá’ grass in cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 42.4, 26.7, 14.9, and 11.5, respectively. The growth, development and productivity of ‘Sabiá’ grass decreased from cycle 1 (summer) to cycle 4 (winter). Morphogenic characteristics were slightly affected by the different dripper installation depths. ‘Sabiá’ grass presented lower shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass and water use productivity at the greatest dripper depths. ‘Sabiá’ grass presented greater root system development when the dripper was installed between 10 and 15 cm deep. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) proved to be a promising tool for estimating the biomass production of ‘Sabiá’ grass. In view of these results, drip tapes should be installed between depths of 10 and 20 cm for the cultivation of ‘Sabiá’ grass in clay soil.
Family of Computer‐Controlled CRT Graphic Displays
Authors: Machover Carl
Published: February 2025

Graphic displays . . man‐machine interface… these were terms familiar to the military long before they found widespread use in industry. Pioneer work with SAGE, 412L, 465L and 473L laid the foundation for the current explosion of nonmilitary applications. Computer Controlled CRT Displays provide prime example of civilian industry benefiting from military developments.
Capacity and optimum configuration of displays for group viewing
Authors: Weiss Helmut
Published: February 2025

Deterioration of legibility with increasing viewing distance and obliquity limits the amount of information a display screen can convey to an immobile audience. The resulting display capacity and the degree of its utilization determine the efficiency of the display, where efficiency relates audience area to screen size for the most favorable screen/audience configuration.

The underlying geometric relationships, derived from legibility experiments, are presented in quantitative form and illustrated by examples. Their application enables a designer to determine optimum display configurations on the basis of geometry rather than intuition.
High resolution multi‐color storage tube
Authors: Damon Phillip P.
Published: February 2025

A color display storage tube having resolution and environmental ruggedness equal to monochromatic display storage tubes has been demonstrated.

The structures utilized in this new tube design are identical to those in standard direct view storage tubes except for a special phosphor. There is no phosphor dot structure to align with the target assembly and only one writing gun is needed.

The stored color is determined by the storage surface potential or halftone level to which that portion of the display has been written. The color in this color storage tube is thus seen to be a function of the grid drive, the sweep speed or, since the storage tube is an integrating device, the number of pulses or hits in a given location. The color is independent of the time at which video is applied to the tube.

The direction of color shift, halftone level at which color shift begins, rate of color shift and color saturation at equilibrium brightness may be optimized by electronic adjustments external to the tube itself. This straightforward associated circuitry is easy to operate and adjust.

The color tube may be fabricated with either the standard direct view storage tube or Multimode storage tube capabilities. In addition to the color‐shift display, a monochromatic halftone mode of operation in one of several colors is provided. System applications are suggested.
Hardware for Bimat processing
Authors: Mason Robert P.
Published: February 2025

The use of Kodak Bimat for processing of transient data is described in an article currently available from Photomechanisms, Inc. Photomechanisms' Robert Mason discusses the design of hardware and systems employing Bimat for the recording and processing of CRT‐displayed transient data generated by telemetry or computer outputs. Bimat, which contains its own processing chemicals and requires no free liquids offers some distinct advantages to the designer of data handling equipment and imposes certain limitations. These are set forth and evaluated.
Display with entropy
Authors: Halsted Charles
Published: February 2025

Material included in this paper was originally prepared for the symposium for the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and presented at a display symposium held at Munich, Germany on Nov. 8, 1966, under the title “A Study of the Relationship Among Special Symbol Fonts, Electronics and Subjectivity.” The paper in its entirety, however, is published here for the first time.
Standard Theatre Stereoptics Without Glasses: Part I
Authors: Collender Robert B.
Published: February 2025

A new concept of geometry and suggested implementation is presented, which allows single point projection from existing theatre projection booths, and the utilization of the existing present seating arrangement (with changes required only in a special complexed screen and a projector using a single strip of continuously moving special film).

The picture is photographed with the aid of an extended array of electronic imaging camera tubes, whose signals are gathered in a nearby mobile processing truck, and the total information is recorded on a single film in real time. A positive copy of this film is used by a special stationary high speed projector to project the 3‐D picture in a standard theatre. The information is time and space multiplexed to satisfy each person in the theatre with a separate perspective for his point of view. The field of view available to the audience is 180°.

The screen can be as large, or larger, than conventional wide screens, and is constructed of vertically dispersive direct reflective mirror type full screen height elements which are multi‐faceted and rotate at a slow constant speed. These elements are pre‐set in their phase relationship only once during the projection equipment set up and alignment procedure.
Daily Interplay of Positive and Negative Events with Adolescents' Daily Well‐Being: Multilevel Person‐Centered and Variable‐Centered Approaches
Authors: Zamir‐Sela Yael , Gilboa Ziv , Shay Shir , Darwish Shiran , Maimon‐Alimi Merav , Arbel Reout
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study examined associations between adolescents' daily negative and positive events and their coping efficacy, an understudied topic but pivotal to adolescent thriving.

Methods

The sample included 153 parent‐adolescent triads; adolescents' mean age, 15.71 years (SD = 1.53), 51% girls. Parents were in their midlife (Mage mother = 47.82, SD = 4.90; Mage father = 50.39, SD = 5.80). The study used a daily diary methodology to test within‐person links to establish a temporal order of effects. Over seven consecutive days, adolescents reported on 14 daily negative and positive events. Adolescents, mothers, and fathers reported on adolescents' daily coping efficacy.

Results and Conclusions

Multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) identified 4 day‐level event profiles: “low event day” (34% of days), reflecting low levels of both positive and negative events and low coping efficacy and positive and negative mood; “positive day” (44%), reflecting dominance of intense positive events and corresponding high coping efficacy and positive mood; “mixed day,” reflecting a combination of intense positive and negative events with average coping efficacy and positive mood despite high negative mood and impaired coping. Multilevel path analysis showed adolescents reported increased coping efficacy a day after increased academic load, and parents reported increased adolescent coping efficacy a day after positive parent‐adolescent interactions. Fathers reported decreased adolescent coping efficacy a day after peer disappointment. Findings suggest positive events predominate in adolescents' lives, and their coping efficacy is sensitive to dynamic changes in the valence of context.
Molecular and Electronic Structure and Properties of the Single Benzene‐Based Fluorophores Containing Guanidine Subunit
Authors: Glasovac Zoran , Margetić Davor , Antol Ivana
Published: February 2025

The Gibbs energies of protonation (ΔGp) and the basic photophysical properties for single‐benzene fluorophores (SBFs) containing guanidine and/or amino subunits and the changes that occur upon protonation were modeled by the TDDFT approach. The calculated ΔGp energies for amino SBFs in the S1 state range from 985 to 1100 kJ mol−1 which are below the values for guanidines. The protonation of the guanidine‐SBFs induces a hypsochromic shift of the absorption and the emission maxima with the Stokes shift of > 100 nm in both cases. Isomerization through the ESIPT process is less probable than in amino‐SBFs due to the unfavorable thermodynamics. Still, if it occurs, it leads to a strong red shift of the emission by > 150 nm. Aromaticity indices point to strong antiaromatic character of the examined guanidino‐SBFs in the FC region which decreases upon geometrical relaxation and ESIPT. The excited state proton transfer occurs in guanidine‐SBF/phenol complexes in the S1 state, stabilizing CT states and fluorescence quenching.
Rational Design for Antioxidant Diphenylamine Derivatives Using Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships and Quantum Mechanics Calculations
Authors: Aremu Ayokanmi Joseph , Naweephattana Phiphob , Putra Ismail Dwi , Toopradab Borwornlak , Maitarad Phornphimon , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada
Published: February 2025

Diphenylamine (DPA) derivatives, used as antioxidants in rubber‐based products, inhibit autoxidation by donating hydrogen atoms to peroxyl radicals. Octanol–water partition coefficient (LogKow), an antioxidant index, helps predict their distribution in hydrophobic polymer matrices. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the structure of DPA derivatives and their antioxidant activities, using machine learning with quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) and quantum mechanics (QM). The structure of DPA derivatives was optimized using Density Functional Theory and analyzed for molecular properties. The QSAR models were trained using important descriptors identified through permutation importance. Among the models developed, the Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) showed the best performance, with R2 of 0.983 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.642 for the test set. SHAP analysis revealed that molecular weight and electronic properties significantly influenced LogKow predictions. For instance, a higher molecular weight was associated with increased LogKow, and a higher positive charge of C2 correlated with higher LogKow predictions. Consequently, the two potent compounds (D1 and D2) were designed based on QSAR model guidance. The GBR model predicted LogKow values of 9.789 and 7.102 for D1 and D2, respectively, which are higher than the training compounds in the model. To gain molecular insight, the quantum chemical calculations with M062X/6–311++G(d,p)//M062X/6‐31G(d,p) were performed to investigate the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE). The results showed that D1 (79.50 kcal/mol) and D2 (72.43 kcal/mol) exhibited lower BDEs than the reference compounds, suggesting that the designed compounds have the potential for enhanced antioxidant activity. In addition, the antioxidant reaction mechanism was studied by using M062X/6–311++G(d,p)//M062X/6‐31G(d,p) which found that the hydrogen atom transfer is the key step, where D1 and D2 showed activation energy barriers of 10.38 and 6.29 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to reference compounds of R3 (10.39 kcal/mol), R1 (10.40 kcal/mol), and R2 (18.26 kcal/mol). Therefore, our findings demonstrate that integrating QSAR with quantum chemical calculations can effectively guide the design of DPA derivatives with improved antioxidant properties.
Unraveling pH Regulation of TMEM175, an Endolysosomal Cation Channel With a Role in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Schulze Tobias , Rauh Oliver , Thiel Gerhard , Fertig Niels , Bazzone Andre , Grimm Christian
Published: February 2025

Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is an endolysosomal cation channel, which has attracted much attention recently from academics and the pharmaceutical industry alike since human mutations in TMEM175 were found to be associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, gain‐of‐function mutations were identified, which reduce and loss‐of‐function mutations, which increase the risk of developing PD. After having been characterized as an endolysosomal potassium channel initially, soon after TMEM175 was claimed to act as a proton channel. In fact, recent evidence suggests that depending on the conditions, TMEM175 can act as either a potassium or proton channel, without acting as an antiporter or exchanger. A recent work has now identified amino acid H57 to be directly involved in gating, increasing proton conductance of the channel while leaving the potassium conductance unaffected. We review here the current knowledge of TMEM175 function, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. We discuss the potential of this ion channel as a novel drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD, and we discuss the discovery of H57 as proton sensor.
Small Extracellular Vesicles Engineered Using Click Chemistry to Express Chimeric Antigen Receptors Show Enhanced Efficacy in Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Lu Yen‐Ting , Chen Tzu‐Yu , Lin Hsin‐Hung , Chen Ya‐Wen , Lin Yu‐Xiu , Le Duy‑Cuong , Huang Yen‐Hua , Wang Andrew H.‐J. , Lee Cheng‐Chung , Ling Thai‐Yen
Published: February 2025

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause severe liver injury and life‐threatening conditions that may lead to multiple organ failure without proper treatment. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is the accepted and prescribed treatment for detoxification in cases of APAP overdose. Nonetheless, in acute liver failure (ALF), particularly when the ingestion is substantial, NAC may not fully restore liver function. NAC administration in ALF has limitations and potential adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, flatus, gastroesophageal reflux, and anaphylactoid reactions. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐based therapies using paracrine activity show promise for treating ALF, with preclinical studies demonstrating improvement. Recently, MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new therapeutic option for liver injury. MSC‐derived EVs can contain various therapeutic cargos depending on the cell of origin, participate in physiological processes, and respond to abnormalities. However, most therapeutic EVs lack a distinct orientation upon entering the body, resulting in a lack of targeting specificity. Therefore, enhancing the precision of natural EV delivery systems is urgently needed. Thus, we developed an advanced targeting technique to deliver modified EVs within the body. Our strategy aims to employ bioorthogonal click chemistry to attach a targeting molecule to the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), creating exogenous chimeric antigen receptor‐modified sEVs (CAR‐sEVs) for the treatment. First, we engineered azido‐modified sEVs (N3‐sEVs) through metabolic glycoengineering by treating MSCs with the azide‐containing monosaccharide N‐azidoacetyl‐mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz). Next, we conjugated N3‐sEVs with a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)‐tagged single‐chain variable fragment (DBCO‐scFv) that targets the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR1), thus producing CAR‐sEVs for precise liver targeting. The efficacy of CAR‐sEV therapy in ALF models by targeting ASGR1 was validated. MSC‐derived CAR‐sEVs reduced serum liver enzymes, mitigated liver damage, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation in APAP‐induced injury. Overall, CAR‐sEVs exhibited enhanced hepatocyte specificity and efficacy in ameliorating liver injury, highlighting the significant advancements achievable with cell‐free targeted therapy.
Tale of Two n‐Backs: Diverging Associations of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation With n‐Back Task Performance
Authors: Tubiolo Philip N. , Williams John C. , Van Snellenberg Jared X.
Published: February 2025

In studying the neural correlates of working memory (WM) ability via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in health and disease, it is relatively uncommon for investigators to report associations between brain activation and measures of task performance. Additionally, how the choice of WM task impacts observed activation–performance relationships is poorly understood. We sought to illustrate the impact of WM task on brain–behavior correlations using two large, publicly available datasets. We conducted between‐participants analyses of task‐based fMRI data from two publicly available datasets: The Human Connectome Project (HCP; n = 866) and the Queensland Twin Imaging (QTIM) Study (n = 459). Participants performed two distinct variations of the n‐back WM task with different stimuli, timings, and response paradigms. Associations between brain activation ([2‐back − 0‐back] contrast) and task performance (2‐back % correct) were investigated separately in each dataset, as well as across datasets, within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), medial prefrontal cortex, and whole cortex. Global patterns of activation to task were similar in both datasets. However, opposite associations between activation and task performance were observed in bilateral pre‐supplementary motor area and left middle frontal gyrus. Within the dlPFC, HCP participants exhibited a significantly greater activation–performance relationship in bilateral middle frontal gyrus relative to QTIM Study participants. The observation of diverging activation–performance relationships between two large datasets performing variations of the n‐back task serves as a critical reminder for investigators to exercise caution when selecting WM tasks and interpreting neural activation in response to a WM task.
Autologous bone grafting combined with spheroid‐based matrix‐induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee: Good clinical outcomes alongside abnormal postoperative gait patterns
Authors: Oehme Stephan , Milinkovic Danko Dan , Paolucci Azzurra , Krafzick Sophie , Fahy Stephen , Damm Philipp , Winkler Tobias , Jung Tobias , Bartek Benjamin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of autologous bone grafting with spheroid‐based matrix‐induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MABCI) for osteochondral defects of the knee by analysing pre‐ and postoperative patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Postoperative gait analysis was conducted and compared with a matched healthy control group to investigate biomechanical deviations.

Methods

A total of 35 patients (m: 21, f: 14; mean defect size: 4.2 ± 2.4 cm², localisation: femoral condyle: 31, patellofemoral: 5) were analysed. The mean follow‐up was 42.6 ± 22.8 months. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), PROMIS 29 profile, and a questionnaire on patient perception of treatment success were assessed to evaluate PROMs. 3D‐instrumented gait analysis (GRAIL, Motek) was used to assess lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and vertical ground reaction forces, compared to sex‐, age‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy controls.

Results

All clinical scores showed significant improvement compared to the preoperative condition (IKDC: 73.1 ± 10.1 vs. 56.6 ± 17.2, p < 0.01; KOOS subcategories: pain 82.0 [±12.7] vs. 70.7 [±16.7] [p < 0.01], symptoms 79.1 [±20.3] vs. 68.9 [±13.9] [p < 0.01], activities of daily living 90.1 [±11.2] vs. 80.5 [±15.6] [p < 0.01], sport and recreational function: 65.3 [±19.3] vs. 51.3 [±26.29] [p < 0.01], quality of life 52.2 [±18.6] vs. 42.6 [±18.6] [p < 0.01]; numeric pain rating scale: 2.7 ± 2.0 vs. 5.0 ± 2.5, p < 0.01). The analysed patients reported a high satisfaction rate (94.3%). Self‐selected walking speed was significantly lower than in healthy controls (1.17 ± 0.17 m/s vs. 0.98 ± 0.18 m/s, p < 0.01). Peak knee flexion angle (PKA) during loading response was significantly smaller (9.6° ± 7.0 vs. 17.7° ± 4.6, p < 0.01), and knee extension moment was significantly reduced (0.1 Nm/kg ± 0.2 vs. 0.4 Nm/kg ± 0.2, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

MABCI is an effective treatment for osteochondral knee defects, showing significant improvements in all evaluated PROMs. Postoperative gait analysis revealed abnormal gait patterns, including reduced PKA and lower knee extension moment, suggesting a need for further rehabilitation to optimise functional recovery.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Age‐specific over‐the‐top techniques for physeal sparing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in skeletally immature patients: Current concepts for prepubescents to older adolescents
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Borque Kyle A. , Laughlin Mitzi S. , Tao Matthew A. , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: February 2025

Tailored surgical strategies for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in skeletally immature patients are presented, emphasizing techniques to minimize growth plate damage and ensure stability. As ACL injuries in youth increase, delaying surgery can lead to joint damage and poor recovery outcomes. Using magnetic resonance imaging‐based assessments of skeletal maturity, the authors propose the ‘over‐the‐top (OTT)’ approach with lateral tenodesis, adapted for three growth stages: prepubescents, young adolescents and older adolescents. For prepubescents, the extra‐physeal approach avoids growth plate drilling; for young adolescents, the supra‐physeal technique places tunnels above the growth plate; and for older adolescents, the trans‐physeal method mirrors adult techniques, as growth plates are closing. The minimally invasive OTT technique preserves hamstring insertion, ensures isometric graft placement, and allows for combined intra‐ and extra‐articular procedures to improve rotational control and protect the graft. Clinical outcomes highlight high return‐to‐sport rates, minimal growth disturbances, and low failure rates, although older adolescents show higher graft failures due to activity levels. Various adaptations of the OTT and lateral tenodesis techniques utilizing hamstring tendons provide promising solutions for addressing ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients, ranging from prepubescence to late adolescence. Assessing skeletal age and estimating remaining bone growth are essential for selecting the most appropriate surgical method. The biomechanical principles and positive clinical results observed across different patient groups highlight these techniques as effective, safe and attractive options for managing these challenging cases.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
3D kinematics of noncontact and indirect contact ACL injuries in elite male football players
Authors: Ranzini Alice , Alessandro Cristiano , Nitri Monica , Pellegrini Alessandro , Esposito Fabio , Della Villa Francesco , Zago Matteo
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Our primary goal was to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms leading to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries by reconstructing the three‐dimensional (3D) joint kinematics of ACL injuries that occurred in professional male football matches. In particular, we aimed to compare the time courses of trunk and injured limb joint angles between noncontact and indirect contact injury mechanisms.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional observational study, we analysed a total of 27 cases (18 noncontact, 9 indirect contact). Whole‐body 3D kinematics preceding and during ACL injuries was reconstructed using the Model‐Based Image‐Matching technique, implemented in Blender. For each injury, television footage from multiple perspectives (≥2, nine frames per view) were used, and Euler's joint angles across all the anatomical planes were extracted. The joint angle time courses of both the trunk and the injured limb, comprising 12 waveforms in total, were compared between injury mechanisms and Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to detect significant clusters.

Results

Compared to noncontact injuries, indirect contact cases showed a lower hip abduction (−16°, p = 0.003), knee internal rotation (~3°, p < 0.001) at the initial contact with the ground, and ankle dorsiflexion (~7°, p = 0.035) at instants before the initial ground contact. These differences resulted from the player's adaptation to the sudden (yet variable) mechanical perturbation due to the contact with the opponent.

Conclusion

Mechanical interactions with other players impact segmental kinematics before and during ACL injuries in professional male football. These findings reinforce the importance of considering the sport‐specificity of mechanisms in injury prevention.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Localization Matters: Impacts of PEG‐J Localization in Intestinal Levodopa Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Klocke Philipp , Loeffler Moritz A. , Cebi Idil , Grund Karl‐Ernst , Daniels Christine , Volkmann Jens , Koschel Jiri , Jost Wolfgang H. , Logmin Kazimierz , Wojtecki Lars , Werner Christoph R. , Weiss Daniel
Published: February 2025

Background

Real‐world clinical evidence is missing to understand the resorption characteristics of levodopa through duodenal and jejunal parts of the small intestine.

Objective

To characterize how different application sites of intestinal levodopa gel would impact on levodopa dosing and clinical outcomes.

Methods

This multicentre retrospective analysis investigated Parkinson's disease patients (n = 111) and their change in levodopa equivalent dosage when switching from oral treatment to intestinal continuous infusion therapy while stratifying for differences in percutaneous gastrojejunostomy (PEG‐J) tube localizations. We analyzed data from patients treated with both levodopa–carbidopa (LCIG) and levodopa–carbidopa–entacapone (LECIG) intestinal gel.

Results

In dichotomic analysis, duodenal and jejunal tube positions showed similar levodopa equivalent dosages changes from baseline (P = 0.143). This was similar when subdividing patients for LCIG and LECIG treatment. In duodenal PEG‐J positions, 44.4% of patients showed persistent motor fluctuations compared to 21.9% in jejunal placements (P = 0.026). In duodenal positions, fluctuations most often persisted when the PEG‐J tube was placed proximally into the duodenum. In jejunal localizations, several patients displayed a satisfactory outcome from the primary intervention but experienced dislocation of the PEG‐J tube to a duodenal position. This was associated with re‐emergence of motor fluctuations in a majority of them.

Conclusions

Our real‐world data suggest that LCIG and LECIG are absorbed similarly in both duodenal and jejunal portions of the small intestine. However, clinical data suggest, that jejunal positioning is critical to the stabilization of dopaminergic motor fluctuations.
Adaptable, wearable, and stretchable coils: A review
Authors: Ramesh Thejas Vishnu , Narongrit Folk W. , Rispoli Joseph V.
Published: February 2025

Over the last four decades, there have been various evolutions in the design and development of coils, from volume coils to the recent introduction of wireless receive arrays. A recent aim has been to develop coils that can closely conform to the anatomy of interest to increase the acquired signal. This goal has given rise to designs ranging from adaptable transmit coils to on‐body stretchable receive arrays made using fabric or elastomer substrates. This review covers the design, fabrication details, experimental setup, and MRI results of adaptable, wearable, and stretchable MRI coils. The active and passive automatic tuning and matching strategies are examined with respect to mitigating signal‐to‐noise ratio reduction when the coil form is altered. A brief discussion of wireless MRI coils, which provide a solution to overcome the cabling issues associated with MRI coil development, is also included. The adaptable, wearable, and stretchable coils and various coil tuning techniques represent innovative radiofrequency coil solutions that pave the way for next‐generation MRI hardware development.
Chemical shift and relaxation regularization improve the accuracy of 1H MR spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Wilson Martin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Accurate analysis of metabolite levels from 1H MRS data is a significant challenge, typically requiring the estimation of approximately 100 parameters from a single spectrum. Signal overlap, spectral noise, and common artifacts further complicate the analysis, leading to instability and reports of poor agreement between different analysis approaches. One inconsistently used method to improve analysis stability is known as regularization, where poorly determined parameters are partially constrained to take a predefined value. In this study, we examine how regularization of frequency and linewidth parameters influences analysis accuracy.

Methods

The accuracy of three MRS analysis methods was compared: (1) ABfit, (2) ABfit‐reg, and (3) LCModel, where ABfit‐reg is a modified version of ABfit incorporating regularization. Accuracy was assessed on synthetic MRS data generated with random variability in the frequency shift and linewidth parameters applied to each basis signal. Spectra () were generated across a range of SNR values (10, 30, 60, 100) to evaluate the impact of variable data quality.

Results

Comparison between ABfit and ABfit‐reg demonstrates a statistically significant (p <  0.0005) improvement in accuracy associated with regularization for each SNR regime. An approximately 10% reduction in the mean squared metabolite errors was found for ABfit‐reg compared to LCModel for SNR >10 (p <  0.0005). Furthermore, Bland‐Altman analysis shows that incorporating regularization into ABfit enhances its agreement with LCModel.

Conclusion

Regularization is beneficial for MRS fitting and accurate characterization of the frequency and linewidth variability in vivo may yield further improvements.
Colleague relationships as a stress factor for special needs school teachers: A comparison with other public schools
Authors: Matsushita Masateru , Yamamura Schuhei
Published: February 2025

Aim

Although teachers in special needs schools do not always work long hours, their sick leave rate is higher than that of teachers in other types of schools. We aimed to compare the causes of stress between teachers in public special needs schools and different public schools and explore the stress factors among teachers in special needs schools.

Methods

An Internet‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted between June and December 2021. We analyzed the data of 203,433 teachers with no missing values, including 15,159 teachers from special needs schools. Demographic variables, stress factors, psychological and physical stress responses, job satisfaction, and working hours were analyzed.

Results

Among high‐stress teachers, 30.4% of the special needs school teachers had difficulties with their relationships with their colleagues; these difficulties were statistically significantly more frequent than for teachers in other school types (15.1% in elementary, 17.6% in junior high, and 19.1% in high schools). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high‐stress teachers in special needs schools were 1.82 times more likely than teachers in other types of schools to be stressed by their relationships with colleagues after controlling for age, sex, teaching experience, size of school, working hours per day, and job satisfaction (95% confidential interval = 1.65–2.01, Wald = 137.3, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that not only a reduction in working hours but also the cultivation of human relationships and a cooperative working environment in the workplace may be effective in eliminating stress among teachers in special needs schools.
Moral Leadership and Professional Learning Communities: The Mediating Role of Teachers' Trust in Principals and the Moderating Role of Principals' Controlling Behavior
Authors: Qu Yun , Liu Simiao , Shao Ying , Li Guoqiang
Published: February 2025

Professional learning communities are essential for school success, and principal leadership is crucial for teachers' participation in them. Based on social exchange theory and ambidextrous leadership theory, this study explored the mediating role of teachers' trust in principals between moral leadership and professional learning communities and the moderating role of principals' controlling behavior in this relationship. A total of 577 elementary school teachers in China participated in this study. The study found that moral leadership was positively related to professional learning communities, and this relationship was mediated by teachers' trust in principals. Additionally, principals' controlling behavior positively moderated the relationship between moral leadership and trust in principals, and negatively moderated the relationship between moral leadership and professional learning communities. These results contribute to the delivery of guidance for principals to enhance teacher trust and develop professional learning communities.
Enhancing Nitrocellulose Stability: Unveiling the Thermal Properties and Kinetic Degradation Mechanisms With Some Innovative Hybrid Stabilizers
Authors: Chebbah Memdouh , Benaliouche Fouad , Trache Djalal , Fouzi Tarchoun Ahmed , Abdelaziz Amir
Published: February 2025

Nitrocellulose (NC) is a highly energetic material used in various military and civilian applications. Nevertheless, the inherent instability of NC poses safety and storage lifetimes challenges. To address this issue, traditional stabilizers have been used to improve the thermal stability of NC. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of novel hybrid stabilizers in enhancing the thermal stability of NC. We have prepared a series of NC samples supplemented with different hybrid stabilizers, including combinations Of 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2‐NDPA) along with cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) ion‐exchanged sodium mordenite (NaMOR) zeolite. The prepared samples underwent structural characterizations to study their chemical compatibility and chemical structures. Furthermore, their thermal behavior were assessed using a range of analytical techniques, including C80 microcalorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and standardized tests like the methyl violet (MV), vacuum stability, and Bergmann–Junk (B&J) protocols. Experimental results confirmed the good compatibility between the hybrid stabilizer components and NC matrix. Results from TGA and C80 microcalorimetry demonstrated that combining 2‐NDPA with the ion‐exchange NaMOR has a synergistic effect. This combination not only enhances the stability of NC but also reduces its rate of degradation compared to using 2‐NDPA alone. Additionally, accelerated thermal aging tests emphasized the effectiveness of the hybrid stabilizer systems, demonstrating their ability to scavenge nitroxide radicals and mitigate the harmful effects of free radicals produced during the pyrolysis of NC. Thermo‐kinetic results clearly indicated a significant increase in activation energy (Ea) and the pre‐exponential factor (log(A)) after the addition of the designed stabilizers. Compared to pristine NC, the Ea increased by a substantial margin of 37–74 kJ/mol, whereas the log(A) rose by 4.2–8.3 s−1, indicating enhanced thermal stability and a slower rate of decomposition. This research highlights the potential of hybrid stabilizers as a viable alternative to traditional stabilizers for NC, paving the way for the development of safer and more effective nitrate ester‐based energetic materials (NEEMs).
From data to action: A comprehensive Bow tie model for blowout risk management in the oil and gas industry
Authors: da Silva Alves Douglas Thiago , Weihrauch Guilherme Negreiros , de Azevedo Lima Felipe , Cesar Marcus Vinicius Giollo
Published: February 2025

The primary objective of this work is to enhance the management of operational risks associated with blowout incidents. At its core, this study employs key performance indicators (KPIs) to meticulously monitor and report on various technical and management levels within organizations. The article underscores the critical importance of assessing the condition and efficacy of safety barriers, particularly in high‐risk scenarios. It introduces an all‐encompassing methodology founded on the bow tie framework, which visually elucidates the relationships between threats, consequences, preventive, and mitigation controls associated with blowout scenario. This holistic approach commences at the operational level and extends through tactical and strategic hierarchical ones, including communications upwards the board—top management. In this sense, it meets the need for safety information to “travel upwards” on the companies' hierarchy in order to properly and quickly support decision‐making process, contributing to the strengthening of safety culture inside the organizations. Furthermore, the methodology integrates interdisciplinary viewpoints and is thoughtfully designed to transform raw data into actionable insights, optimizing resource allocation for risk management.
Tuberculosis Associated Chylothorax: A Case Report
Authors: Malego Niharika , Sapkota Ranjan , Sharma Aakriti , Thapaliya Pratikshya
Published: February 2025

Chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity. Tuberculosis is one of its rarest causes. Diagnosis of chylothorax can be made by evaluation of triglycerides concentration in pleural fluid. It is primarily managed medically but surgery is indicated when the patients fail to improve after a trial of medical management. Here, we present a case of a 28‐year man who developed chylothorax while undergoing anti‐tuberculous treatment (ATT). After failing initial medical management, he underwent thoracic duct ligation with good result.
Flexible‐Fixed‐Time‐Performance‐Based Adaptive Tracking Control for Unmanned Helicopter With Input Saturation
Authors: He Zhiyang , Shi Shuang , Wang Haibo
Published: February 2025

This article proposes an adaptive tracking control strategy for a 6‐DOF unmanned helicopter with external disturbances and input saturation, which is able to guarantee the flexible fixed‐time prescribed performance. Different from the majority of prescribed performance control methods with input saturation, which neglect the conflict between input and performance constraints, the strategy offered achieves a trade‐off by introducing a flexible fixed‐time prescribed performance function. Besides, the desired tracking signals are temporarily adjusted during the saturation phase to enhance the feasibility of the tracking task. A hyperbolic tangent function is utilized to tackle the problem of saturated input. To compensate for the composite disturbances that involve external disturbances and the estimation error of the hyperbolic tangent function, a parameter adaptive estimation method is adopted to approximate its upper bound. Combining with the backstepping technology, the trajectory tracking controller is investigated to guarantee that tracking errors meet the prescribed performance within fixed time. Comparative simulations illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed control scheme.