bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 10 from Activating Point Mutations in the MET Kinase Domain Represent a Unique Molecular Subset of Lung Cancer and Other Malignancies Targetable with MET Inhibitors
Authors: Pecci Federica , Nakazawa Seshiru , Ricciuti Biagio , Harada Guilherme , Lee Jessica K. , Alessi Joao V. , Barrichello Adriana , Vaz Victor R. , Lamberti Giuseppe , Di Federico Alessandro , Gandhi Malini M. , Gazgalis Dimitris , Feng William W. , Jiang Jie , Baldacci Simon , Locquet Marie-Anaïs , Gottlieb Felix H. , Chen Monica F. , Lee Elinton , Haradon Danielle , Smokovich Anna , Voligny Emma , Nguyen Tom , Goel Vikas K. , Zimmerman Zachary , Atwal Sumandeep , Wang Xinan , Bahcall Magda , Heist Rebecca S. , Iqbal Sumaiya , Gandhi Nishant , Elliott Andrew , Vanderwalde Ari M. , Ma Patrick C. , Halmos Balazs , Liu Stephen V. , Che Jianwei , Schrock Alexa B. , Drilon Alexander , Jänne Pasi A. , Awad Mark M.
Published: August 2024

MET TKD mutations in NSCLC cohort of Caris Life Sciences. (A) Flowchart of the NSCLC subgroup in the Caris Life Sciences dataset. (B) Prevalence of MET TKD mutations in NSCLC cases in the Caris Life Sciences dataset (MET TKD mutations in 280 unique patients). (C) Lollipop plot of the oncogenic / likely oncogenic MET TKD mutations detected in NSCLC cases in the Caris Life Sciences dataset (35 oncogenic / likely oncogenic MET TKD mutations in 35 unique patients). (D) concurrent driver alterations (information available for 24 cases, unavailable for 11 cases) and (E) concurrent MET amplification status (information available for 33 cases, unavailable for 2 cases) of NSCLC cases harboring oncogenic / likely oncogenic MET TKD mutations in the Caris Life Sciences dataset.
Figure S4 from Lifileucel, an Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Monotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Schoenfeld Adam J. , Lee Sylvia M. , Doger de Spéville Bernard , Gettinger Scott N. , Häfliger Simon , Sukari Ammar , Papa Sophie , Rodríguez-Moreno Juan F. , Graf Finckenstein Friedrich , Fiaz Rana , Catlett Melissa , Chen Guang , Qi Rongsu , Masteller Emma L. , Gontcharova Viktoria , He Kai
Published: August 2024

Phenotype of TIL infusion product
Supplementary Table S3 from Phosphocreatine Promotes Epigenetic Reprogramming to Facilitate Glioblastoma Growth Through Stabilizing BRD2
Authors: Chen Lishu , Qi Qinghui , Jiang Xiaoqing , Wu Jin , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Zhaodan , Cai Yan , Ran Haowen , Zhang Songyang , Zhang Cheng , Wu Huiran , Cao Shuailiang , Mi Lanjuan , Xiao Dake , Huang Haohao , Jiang Shuai , Wu Jiaqi , Li Bohan , Xie Jiong , Qi Ji , Li Fangye , Liang Panpan , Han Qiuying , Wu Min , Zhou Wenchao , Wang Chenhui , Zhang Weina , Jiang Xin , Zhang Kun , Li Huiyan , Zhang Xuemin , Li Ailing , Zhou Tao , Man Jianghong
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Table S3 shows UCSC-predicted transcription factors that bind to CKB promoters.
Supplementary Figures S1-S8 from Phosphocreatine Promotes Epigenetic Reprogramming to Facilitate Glioblastoma Growth Through Stabilizing BRD2
Authors: Chen Lishu , Qi Qinghui , Jiang Xiaoqing , Wu Jin , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Zhaodan , Cai Yan , Ran Haowen , Zhang Songyang , Zhang Cheng , Wu Huiran , Cao Shuailiang , Mi Lanjuan , Xiao Dake , Huang Haohao , Jiang Shuai , Wu Jiaqi , Li Bohan , Xie Jiong , Qi Ji , Li Fangye , Liang Panpan , Han Qiuying , Wu Min , Zhou Wenchao , Wang Chenhui , Zhang Weina , Jiang Xin , Zhang Kun , Li Huiyan , Zhang Xuemin , Li Ailing , Zhou Tao , Man Jianghong
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figures S1 shows that GSCs produce high levels of phosphocreatine through upregulating CKB. Supplementary Figures S2 shows that ZEB1 promotes CKB transcription in GSCs. Supplementary Figures S3 shows that knockdown of CKB impedes GBM growth. Supplementary Figures S4 shows that disruption of phosphocreatine production impedes GBM growth. Supplementary Figures S5 shows that cCr treatment shows no side effect on mice. Supplementary Figures S6 shows that phosphocreatine binds to BRD2 and inhibits its ubiquitin mediated proteasomal degradation. Supplementary Figures S7 shows that phosphocreatine promotes chromosome segregation and GSC proliferation through BRD2 mediated transcription. Supplementary Figures S8 shows that disruption of phosphocreatine biosynthesis by cCr improves JQ1 therapeutic efficacy in GBM.
Supplementary Figure S4 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: August 2024

Ototoxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in the CCSS cohort
Data from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Childhood cancer survivorship studies generate comprehensive datasets comprising demographic, diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and genomic data from survivors. To broadly share this data, we created the St. Jude Survivorship Portal (https://survivorship.stjude.cloud), the first data portal for sharing, analyzing, and visualizing pediatric cancer survivorship data. More than 1,600 phenotypic variables and 400 million genetic variants from more than 7,700 childhood cancer survivors can be explored on this free, open-access portal. Summary statistics of variables are computed on-the-fly and visualized through interactive and customizable charts. Survivor cohorts can be customized and/or divided into groups for comparative analysis. Users can also seamlessly perform cumulative incidence and regression analyses on the stored survivorship data. Using the portal, we explored the ototoxic effects of platinum-based chemotherapy, uncovered a novel association between mental health, age, and limb amputation, and discovered a novel haplotype in MAGI3 strongly associated with cardiomyopathy specifically in survivors of African ancestry.

Significance: The St. Jude Survivorship Portal is the first data portal designed to share and explore clinical and genetic data from childhood cancer survivors. The portal provides both open- and controlled-access features and will fulfill a wide range of data sharing needs of the survivorship research community and beyond.

See co-corresponding author Xin Zhou discuss this research article, published simultaneously at the AACR Annual Meeting 2024: https://vimeo.com/932617204/7d99fa4958
Initial learning in the brain: From rules to action
Authors: Fregni Sofia , Wolfensteller Uta , Ruge Hannes
Published: August 2024

We used fMRI to investigate the neural changes and representational dynamics associated with different learning modes during initial learning and subsequent implementation of previously acquired stimulus-response (S-R) associations. We compared instruction-based learning (INS) and trial-and-error learning (TE) via a third observation-based learning (OBS) condition. This was yoked to the TE condition and shared features with both, the INS and TE conditions. During learning, neural changes were observed in the Frontoparietal and Default Mode Networks across learning modes, consistent with a general decrease in cognitive control demand as learning progresses. INS and TE exhibited condition-specific signal changes, which we interpreted in the context of covert motor preparation during INS, and intentional action and increased cognitive control demand during early TE trials, respectively. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed individual rule information in bilateral prefrontal, premotor, and parietal cortices across learning modes. Most regions revealed consistent representations of individual S-R rules between the learning stage and subsequent implementation stage, regardless of the learning mode. This suggests that initially formed S-R rule representations guide task performance during S-R rule implementation, irrespective of how they are acquired. Finally, within the primary motor and sensory cortices, individual S-R rules were decodable during the learning stage not only when motor responses were overtly executed, as in TE, but also in the absence of overt motor execution, as in INS. This finding substantiates previous claims of covert motor preparatory mechanisms during INS.
Primates in the Hood (Primates en el Barrio): Improving knowledge of threatened primates through schools science projects in rural settings in San Martin, Peru
Authors: Ramirez Karla G. , Shanee Sam , Allgas Nestor , Huachaca Karen , Chumbimuni Cindy , Villaseca Andrea
Published: August 2024

We aimed to improve knowledge among high school students on local environmental issues, with emphasis on the ecology and threats to primates in the Alto Mayo Valley of San Martin Region, Peru. The Alto Mayo Valley is home to at least 8 species of primate, including the endemic and Critically Endangered San Martín titi monkey (Plecturocebus oenanthe). San Martin is also the most deforested region of Peru. We used two participatory teaching methods: Experiential learning and inquiry-based education. The learning experiences were activities that guided students to look for solutions to real-life situations. The project consisted of 8 lessons co-designed by us and the participating school teachers, and implemented by the same teachers with our guidance. Lesson 5 was a field trip to a local community conservation area to apply primatological field techniques and gather scientific data. The students’ final product was a video presentation and a poster of their results. One hundred percent of students acknowledged they learned something new about their local environment, primates, conservation, and research. Experiential learning techniques are effective in developing awareness, knowledge and self-advocacy amongst school students. Our inquiry-based method placed students and teachers closer to scientists, helping them to see the role of science in their neighbourhood. This method can be easily adapted to other regions in Peru and globally.
Resonant Experience: An Exploration of the Relational Nature of Meaning and Value
Authors: Barrett Nathaniel F.
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the common notion of “resonant experience”—an experience marked by extraordinarily rich, powerful, or deep meaning—as a manifestation of the relational nature of meaning and value. I propose to define resonance as an enhanced feeling of the relational context in which experience is determined, and I then proceed to show how this concept of resonance can be used to understand the experience of enriched meaning and value in art. This exploration of resonance is inspired by William James’s claim that meaning is based in the direct experience of relation, together with John Dewey’s claim that basic features of experience are intensified in the enjoyment of art. It also draws from the relational framework of ecological psychology, and is intended to contribute to that framework from a philosophical standpoint.
With Swiss Seniors the Climate-Litigation Movement Chalks up Another Hollow Victory
Authors: Zahar Alexander
Published: August 2024

With the European Court of Human Rights’ April 2024 decision, the climate-litigation movement might feel confident that it has demonstrated that a state’s mitigation policy is subject to human rights law. In fact, all that it has managed to do is to convince the Strasbourg court to overextend itself and discredit itself by concocting a position that defies not only law but logic. The human rights framing is too narrow for the problem of climate change. It focuses on the comfort of one particular species, ignoring the rest. Worse, it is irrelevant to the problem, as the reality of it is that each and every member of this species is causing climate change, not their governments, so the issue cannot be presented as one of protecting individuals from the power of government – and therefore not one that engages human rights law.
Diverging Development Paths between China and the West during the Early Modern Period: the Example of the Suction-Lift Pump
Authors: Kink Sabine
Published: August 2024

The need to lift water by means of appropriate equipment is a global phenomenon and has preoccupied all cultures since earliest times. While most basic methods (for example, the bailing with some kind of container by means of a sweep well or a windlass) were shared all over the world, local conditions and crafting skills produced regional developments of more sophisticated devices. This essay examines the impact of the strategically motivated Jesuit transfer of knowledge about the suction-lift pump from the West to China in the early seventeenth century. There, in the face of constant drought disasters, more efficient implements to get hold of well water would seem to have been desperately needed. The nevertheless sluggish adoption of this innovative, though not yet fully mature, hydraulic technology by the responsible Chinese scholar-officials highlights some of the reasons for the emergence of the Great Divergence between China and the West.
4. Haiǁom resettlement, legal action and political representation
Authors: Dieckmann Ute
Published: August 2024

This chapter considers the destiny of indigenous Haiǁom after they were evicted from Etosha National Park in the 1950s. Differently to communities further west, Haiǁom were not provided a “Homeland” under the separate development policies of the 1970s, but instead were left without any land. In post-independent Namibia this meant they had no opportunity to establish conservancies under Namibia’s Community-Based Natural Resources Management programme. Some efforts have been made to compensate Haiǁom by purchasing several farms for them in the vicinity of the Etosha National Park, although most Haiǁom residents of the park resisted their resettlement, fearing they would lose all access to the park, i.e. their ancestral land. In 2015, a large group of Haiǁom from various areas dissatisfied with the government’s resettlement approach, launched a legal claim to parts of their ancestral land, mainly within Etosha National Park. This chapter outlines these developments, paying attention to the rather ambivalent role played by the Haiǁom Traditional Authority. It also looks at recent developments, arguing for inclusion of Haiǁom cultural heritage in future planning and implementation of nature conservation and tourism activities in the Etosha area.
7. The emergence of a hybrid hydro-scape in northern Kunene
Authors: Menestrey Schwieger Diego Augusto , Bollig Michael , Olwage Elsemi , Schnegg Michael
Published: August 2024

This chapter shifts from land and boundaries to consider the management of water in Etosha-Kunene, and specifically the materiality of infrastructures linked to water resource management and its social-ecological implications. In north-western Namibia a unique “hydro-scape” has emerged. Before the 1950s, the area was characterised by the scarcity of permanent water places and sources. Between the 1950s and the 1980s, the then-ruling South African administration drilled hundreds of boreholes in the region as part of its apartheid “homeland” policy and “modernisation” impetus. Initially, local leaders and traditional authorities rejected the idea of water development through borehole drilling; many felt that once such a complex and expensive infrastructure was operational, the state was there to stay as the guarantor of water infrastructures providing the basic hydro-infrastructure for vast herds of livestock. Since 1990, the independent Namibian state continued the borehole-drilling program, especially as part of its drought-management approach. From the 1990s onwards, responsibility for maintaining the above-ground infrastructure of boreholes was transferred to local pastoral communities. Nonetheless, the state once again expanded its reach as material water infrastructures opened the door for national and global governance regimes which increasingly permeated communities, even as the state began to “withdraw” through community-based management policies. The result is a dynamic bricolage of institutions shaped by different practices, power relations, norms, and values. Nowadays, local communities reliably maintain water supply, but not always on an equitable basis for all users.
9. Giraffes and their impact on key tree species in the Etendeka Tourism Concession, north-west Namibia
Authors: Maoveka Kahingirisina , Liebenberg Dennis , Sullivan Sian
Published: August 2024

We report on a study that researched the impacts of browsing giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) on trees important for pollinators––namely, Maerua schinzii (ringwood tree) and Boscia albitrunca (shepherd’s tree)––within the Etendeka Tourism Concession area to the west of Etosha National Park. Giraffe are selective browsers, and the tallest land animal. Historically, giraffe populations have been amplified here through translocations designed to enhance the tourism product of the concession, which is situated in mopane (Colophospermum mopane) savanna, semi-desert and savanna transition vegetation zones. Due to browsing by giraffe, M. schinzii and B. albitrunca trees develop a distinctive shape with only a small, round, high-up canopy of leaves above a very high browse line, with some trees dying as a result. The study also explored five different techniques to protect these trees from further browse damage by giraffes.
12. Cultural heritage and histories of the Northern Namib / Skeleton Coast National Park
Authors: Sullivan Sian , Suro Ganuses Welhemina
Published: August 2024

We outline Indigenous cultural heritage and histories associated with the Northern Namib desert, designated since 1971 as the Skeleton Coast National Park. We draw on two main sources of information: 1) historical documents stretching back to the late 1800s; and 2) oral history research with now elderly people who have direct and familial memories of using and living in areas now within the Park boundary. This material affirms that localities and resources now included within the Park were used by local people in historical times, their access linked with the availability of valued foods, especially !nara melons (Acanthosicyos horridus) and marine foods such as mussels. Memories about these localities, resources and heritage concerns, including graves of family members, remain lively for some individuals and their families today. We argue for the importance of understanding of the Northern Namib as a remembered cultural landscape, as well as an area of high conservation value. In doing so, protecting and perhaps restoring access to sites with significant contemporary cultural heritage value would be appropriate. Such sites include locations of culturally important foods such as !nara, graves of known ancestors, and named and remembered former dwelling places. We hope that the material shared here will contribute to a diversified recognition of values for the Skeleton Coast National Park, and shape ecological and heritage conservation practice and visitor experiences into the future.
13. Historicising the Palmwag Tourism Concession, north-west Namibia
Authors: Sullivan Sian
Published: August 2024

The Palmwag Tourism Concession comprises more than 550,000 hectares of the Damaraland Communal Land Area in Kunene Region. To the west lies the Skeleton Coast National Park. Otherwise, the Concession is situated within a mosaic of differently designated communal lands to which diverse qualifying Namibians have access, habitation and use rights: namely, Sesfontein, Anabeb and Torra communal area conservancies on the Concession’s north, north-east and southern boundaries, with Etendeka Tourism Concession to the east. Established under the pre-Independence Damaraland Regional Authority led by Justus ǁGaroëb, Palmwag Concession lies fully north of the vet fence/“Red Line” that marches east to west across Namibia. In the 1950s, however, the Red Line was positioned further north with part of the current concession comprised of a former commercial farming area for white settler farmers, the expansion of which was associated with evictions of peoples Indigenous to this area. The iterative clearance of people from this area also helped make possible the 1962 western expansion of Etosha Game Park, and followed by the establishment of a large trophy hunting concession between the Hoanib and Ugab rivers in the 1970s. Drawing on archive research, interviews with key actors linked with the Concession’s history, and on-site oral history with local elders through much of the Concession’s terrain, this chapter places the Concession more fully within the historical circumstances and effects of its making. In doing so, competing and overlapping colonial, Indigenous and conservation visions of the landscape are explored for their roles in empowering different types of access and exclusion.
14. Living next to Etosha National Park
Authors: Hoole Arthur , Sullivan Sian
Published: August 2024

This chapter considers the implications of being park-adjacent for ovaHerero pastoralists now living in Ehi-Rovipuka Conservancy. Using PhD research conducted in 2006 and 2007 as a baseline, the chapter focuses on three dimensions. First, some aspects of the complex and remembered histories of association with the western part of what is now Etosha National Park (ENP) are traced via a “memory mapping” methodology with ovaHerero elders. Second, experiences of living next to the park boundary are recounted and analysed, drawing on a structured survey with forty respondents. Most interviewees indicated that no benefits were received at the time from the national park. They also expressed desires for grazing rights––especially for emergency grazing during dry periods, as well as access to ancestral birthplaces, graves and traditional resource use areas, and involvement in joint tourism development ventures inside the park. Finally, different dimensions of local knowledge are recounted, including of wildlife presence and mobilities through the wider region, “veld-foods”, and school-children’s perceptions of ENP and the conservancy. Although the research reported here was carried out some years ago, circumstances in Ehi-Rovipuka have changed rather little. The conservancy remains along the border of a national park, and peoples’ histories of utilising, moving through, and being born and desiring to be buried in the western reaches of the park remain. The chapter argues that more awareness of how social, ecological and historical dimensions of the broader Etosha landscape are connected is essential for achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes.
17. Integrating remote sensing with CBNRM for desert-adapted lion conservation
Authors: Heydinger John
Published: August 2024

This chapter explains how Global Positioning System (GPS) data on lion movements can contribute to community-oriented conservation. Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) of desert-adapted lions presents an array of cultural and scientific challenges to local communities living alongside lions. A significant challenge for lion conservationists is the ability to rigorously monitor lion movements in the unfenced landscapes of north-west Namibia, where monitoring challenges are compounded by low levels of information relevant to lion habitat-use and movement ecology in dryland areas. The chapter documents new uses in this area of data collected via satellite-GPS collars affixed to lions, and via trail cameras placed in designated core wildlife areas within communal conservancies and government concessions. Remote sensing methods of carnivore monitoring are now contributing to lion conservation and the mitigation of ‘human-lion conflict’ on communal lands in Namibia’s Kunene Region. The chapter emphasises how this technology and associated data are being incorporated into the Lion Rangers’ program, a CBNRM initiative in which trained community conservationists take responsibility for monitoring lions and managing human-lion conflict on communal lands.
Conclusion
Authors: Dieckmann Ute , Lendelvo Selma , Sullivan Sian
Published: August 2024

This final chapter sums up the Etosha- Kunene Histories project’s exploration of colonialism, indigeneity and natural history in Namibia, through a wide-ranging analysis that aims to initiate and inform discussions on conservation policies in the region and beyond. Contributions in the volume from diverse scholars and practitioners have highlighted the complex and often conflicting narratives in conservation efforts, for which Namibia’s northern regions offers a case in point. The history of conservation in Etosha- Kunene spans pre-colonial to post-Independence periods, reflecting shifts from unregulated exploitation to formal conservation policies under German and South African rule, and finally to more inclusive approaches post-Independence. These transitions illustrate the political economy and socio ecological dynamics of conservation, emphasising the interplay between local communities, colonial legacies, and global environmental trends. The volume addresses themes of belonging, co-existence, inclusion, and exclusion, underscoring the ongoing negotiations and conflicts over land use, wildlife management, and human rights in the region. Through its comprehensive historical and political ecology lens, this book hopes to contribute to understanding the intricate relations between nature, culture and economy in conservation practices.
Oxaliplatin (OXA)-Loaded Nanoparticles Inhibit the Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yuan Chunhui , Zhou Fan , Yan Jinlong , Dong Cairong , Sun Liang , Zhong Zhiwei , Huang He , Wu Zhengyi , Yin Xiangbao
Published: August 2024

Our study proposed to explore the impact of OXA-loaded nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and migration. The nanoparticles (OXA@ cRGD-TAT-PLGA) were successfully established after optimizing the preparation method. The nanoparticle size was approximately
500 nm under the scanning electron microscope. The nanoparticles were stable with regular spheres. The loading content (LC) of OXA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was 3.5%. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 61.5% with stable release processing. This was an ideal sustained-release material. The
average particle size of four nanoparticles was approximately 200–300 nm with negative charges. The proliferation of HCC cells treated with blank nanoparticles was not significantly affected, indicating that blank nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity, whereas OXA@PLGA-TAT-cRGD significantly
promoted apoptosis and inhibited the migration and proliferation of HepG2 cells. The drug delivery vector modified with cRGD peptide constructs effectively delivered drugs into HCC cells. OXA@PLGA-TAT-cRGD showed promising effects on the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of migration in
HCC cells, thereby making it an ideal drug delivery material.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Shear-Relative Asymmetry in Reanalyses
Authors: Carstens Jacob D. , Didlake Anthony C. , Zarzycki Colin M.
Published: August 2024

While tropical cyclones (TCs) are axisymmetric vortices to the first order, they often exhibit noteworthy structural asymmetries. These often result from environmental vertical wind shear, which tilts the vortex and induces a wavenumber 1 pattern in the circulation and precipitation fields. Reanalyses and climate models have improved in representing the TC structure and climatology, but their relatively coarse resolution and dependence on parameterized physics cast doubt on their ability to capture the asymmetric TC structure. We perform the most comprehensive process-oriented assessment of TC asymmetry to date in reanalyses. Specifically, we analyze the composite shear-relative TC structure in ERA5 and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), which vary in their resolutions, physical parameterization suites, and data assimilation techniques. These structures are compared with aircraft reconnaissance radar observations. In agreement with the observations, the strongest tangential winds are usually found left-of-shear, while inner core rainfall, ascent, vortex tilt, and low-level inflow are favored directly downshear or in the downshear-left quadrant. Outer rainband convection generally peaks in the downshear-right quadrant. Thermodynamic asymmetries are also apparent, with anomalous low-level moisture right-of-shear, midlevel warmth in the upshear-right quadrant (uptilt), and cloud properties suggestive of a realistic precipitation life cycle from growth to fallout. We also decompose rainfall contributions from the convective parameterization and large-scale cloud schemes and highlight the roles of vorticity advection, buoyancy advection, and diabatic processes in driving asymmetric vertical motions in the inner core and outer rainband regions. Our results suggest that process-level studies of TC asymmetry and TC–wind shear interaction under future warming are viable using climate models.

Significance Statement

Asymmetries are common in tropical cyclones (TCs), influencing their intensity, track, and hazards. Vertical wind shear often plays a leading-order role in causing these asymmetries. It is uncertain how well asymmetric structures and processes are captured in reanalyses and global climate models (GCMs) with grid spacings of 0.25° and coarser. In this study, we first evaluate TC asymmetry in reanalyses, which have the benefit of being forced by observations. This helps to assess whether the resolutions associated with GCMs sufficiently capture asymmetric structures and processes and motivates upcoming work with free-running GCMs to study how TC asymmetry may change in a warming climate.
Air–Sea Coupling Feedbacks over Tropical Instability Waves
Authors: Holmes Ryan M. , Renault Lionel , Maillard Lisa , Boucharel Julien
Published: August 2024

Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are oceanic features that form around the equatorial Pacific cold tongue and influence the large-scale circulation and coupled climate variability including El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Local air–sea coupling over TIWs is thought to play an important role in the atmosphere and ocean’s energy and tracer budgets but is not well captured in coarse-resolution models. In this study, we isolate the impacts of TIW thermal (sea surface temperature–driven) and current (surface current–driven) feedbacks by removing TIW signatures in air–sea coupling fields in a high-resolution regional coupled model. The thermal feedback is found to damp TIW temperature variance by a factor of 2, associated both with the direct dependence of surface heat fluxes on SST (∼74%) and indirect impacts on surface winds (∼35%) and air temperature and humidity (∼−9%). These changes lead to cooling of the cold tongue SST by up to 0.1°C through reduced TIW-driven meridional heat fluxes and associated small changes in atmospheric circulation. The current feedback is decomposed into TIW (i.e., mesoscale) and mean (i.e., large-scale) components using separate experiments, with both having distinct impacts on TIWs and the mean state. The mesoscale current feedback reduces TIW eddy kinetic energy (EKE) by 22% through the eddy wind work, while the mean current feedback induces a further reduction of 8% by extracting energy from the mean currents and thus reducing barotropic EKE shear production. An improved understanding of small-scale tropical Pacific processes is needed to address biases in coarse-resolution models that impact their predictions and projections of Pacific climate variability and change.

Significance Statement

Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are oceanic features with ∼1000-km wavelengths that propagate westward on either side of the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue. TIWs drive lateral and vertical heat fluxes that impact several aspects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. While climate models with a moderate, 1/4° ocean resolution can capture some TIW variability, they fail to properly represent many associated processes such as the impact of TIWs on the overlying atmosphere. Using sensitivity studies performed using a high-resolution regional coupled model, we study the impact of TIW air–sea coupling on the eastern Pacific climate system. Increased understanding of small-scale processes from studies such as this is essential to understand and address biases in models used for seasonal climate predictions and projections in the Pacific region.
Estimation of the Global Equivalence Ratio of a Swirl Combustor from a Small Number of Absorption Spectra Using Machine Learning
Authors: Bong Cheolwoo , Im Seong-kyun , Do Hyungrok , Bak Moon Soo
Published: August 2024

A new optical diagnostic method that predicts the global fuel–air equivalence ratio of a swirl combustor using absorption spectra from only three optical paths is proposed here. Under normal operation, the global equivalence ratio and total flow rate determine the temperature and concentration fields of the combustor, which subsequently determine the absorption spectra of any combustion species. Therefore, spectra, as the fingerprint for a produced combustion field, were employed to predict the global equivalence ratio, one of the key operational parameters, in this study. Specifically, absorption spectra of water vapor at wavenumbers around 7444.36, 7185.6, and 6805.6 cm–1 measured at three different downstream locations of the combustor were used to predict the global equivalence ratio. As it is difficult to find analytical relationships between the spectra and produced combustion fields, a predictive model was a data-driven acquisition. The absorption spectra as an input were first feature-extracted through stacked convolutional autoencoders and then a dense neural network was used for regression prediction between the feature scores and the global equivalence ratio. The model could predict the equivalence ratio with an absolute error of ±0.025 with a probability of 96%, and a gradient-weighted regression activation mapping analysis revealed that the model leverages not only the peak intensities but also the variations in the shape of absorption lines for its predictions.
Sample comparison of BÜHLMANN fCAL Turbo and OC-FCa faecal calprotectin methods
Authors: O’Driscoll Shane , Piggott Carolyn , Benton Sally C
Published: August 2024

Background

Faecal calprotectin is an inflammatory marker used to triage patients for further investigation with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our current method requires faecal samples be sent to the laboratory, where calprotectin is extracted before analysis. This is a time-consuming, potential bottleneck in the pathway. We have recently evaluated the OC-SENSOR PLEDIA fCAL method that uses the same sampling device as used in some bowel cancer screening and symptomatic colorectal cancer programmes that detect faecal haemoglobin. The below study is a comparison of the OC-FCa method with the BÜHLMANN fCAL Turbo which is used routinely within BSPS.

Method

150 homogenised and 110 non-homogenised faecal samples were loaded into OC-Sampling Bottle 3 and BÜHLMANN CALEX cap sampling devices. The samples were then analysed on their respective systems according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Results

The OC-FCa assay had a mean positive bias of 67.3% (homogenised) and 88.4% (non-homogenised). Homogenised samples showed substantial agreement between the methods for normal (<50 µg/g) and elevated (150+µg/g) risk categories (k = 0.794, k = 0.788, respectively) and moderate agreement for borderline (51–150 µg/g) (k = 0.25) according to the current Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Service (BSPS) guidelines. Non-homogenised samples had none to slight agreement for normal and borderline values (k = 0.02 for both) and moderate agreement for elevated (k = 0.596).

Conclusion

The OC-FCa method is a viable alternative for faecal calprotectin testing, but requires an adjustment to clinical cut-off values due to the lack of standardisation and strong positive bias. A clinical comparative study is required to assess the impact of patients collecting their own samples into the devices, as this may negate any potential degradation samples may exhibit during transit to the laboratory.
A three-model approach to understand social media-mediated transparency in public administrations
Authors: Villodre Julián
Published: August 2024

The use of social media has promised to enhance administrative transparency. Whether having positive or negative impacts, some scholars agree that such impacts could come from the mediating effects of the perceived characteristics of social media. This is a similar idea to that proposed by the concept of computer-mediated transparency. However, social media has certain properties that might influence transparency in different ways. This article tries to understand social media-mediated transparency. The study uses the affordances theory to approach the perception of social media properties, conducting interviews with community managers from three Spanish city councils. The results show several ways of understanding social media-mediated transparency: the guarantor model (focuses on availability and accessibility of information, while ensuring neutrality), the conversational model (reinforces effective transparency through continuous conversations), and the proactive model (anticipates citizen informational needs). The article signals the differential nature of social media-mediated transparency and its limits, with implications for digital government–citizen interactions.

Points for practitioners

The article proposes three different ways of looking at social media-mediated transparency. Social media-mediated transparency will vary depending on how public managers navigate through social media affordances. Different models of social media-mediated transparency might link with different ways of institutionalizing these digital platforms, as well as with different considerations on citizens’ roles. Transparency through social media is more than just pushing information, but also an opportunity to improve effective monitoring through continuous conversations.
Understanding the Impact of Military Service on Support for Insurrection in the United States
Authors: Pape Robert A. , Ruby Keven G. , Larson Kyle D. , Nakamura Kentaro
Published: August 2024

Why do some individuals with military experience support the insurrection of January 6? With US military veterans playing a central role in the assault on the US Capitol, answering this question is of immediate scholarly and policy concern. To better understand the impact of military service, we conducted the first nationally representative survey of support for pro-Trump anti-democratic violence (“insurrectionist sentiments”) among US military veterans and a demographically matched sample of non-veterans. Our analysis finds veterans nearly twice as likely to hold high insurrectionist sentiments than non-veterans, and that military service increases support for restoring Trump to the presidency by force by 15 percent. Further, we find the effect veterancy is not fully explained by veterans being more likely to hold pro-Trump or conspiracy beliefs but is associated with negative military and post-service-related experiences. These findings are robust to significant unobserved confounding. We conclude with implications for future research on political violence and the role of the military in American democracy.
Medical Chart Review to Explore Suicidal and Self-Harm Thoughts and Behavior Among Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Stoliker Bryce E. , Balogun Temilola , Wangler Haile , Mela Mansfield , Jewell Lisa M. , Nixon Brent , Nwachukwu Kingsley
Published: August 2024

Suicide and self-harm events are elevated in psychiatric inpatient populations. In this study, health data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of 183 patients (97 civil and 86 forensic) who had resided in, or been admitted to, a public psychiatric hospital in Saskatchewan, Canada from April 1 to December 31, 2021. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to estimate prevalence and correlates of (non-fatal) suicide and self-harm events, including recent and lifetime occurrences, according to patients’ health information. Nearly two-thirds (62%) of patients had any record of non-fatal suicide or self-harm events, including a lifetime history of self-harm (42%) and suicidal behavior (37%) as well as recent self-harm (24%) and suicidal (31%) thoughts or behaviors. Forensic patients were significantly more likely to have a record of suicide and self-harm events. This study emphasizes the need for further research into the course of suicidality and self-harm in psychiatric inpatients.
“Baggage in the business”: The investigative challenges of serial homicide
Authors: Rossouw Zena , Palys Ted
Published: August 2024

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted challenges encountered by investigators handling serial murder cases. Drawing upon insights gained from over 40 cases investigated by six seasoned professionals from the United States and Canada, the research employs a semi-structured interview methodology to understand the contextual dynamics at play. The results indicate that the primary hurdle confronting investigators is establishing a nexus between cases, often necessitating a probabilistic inference rather than absolute certainty. Once this connection is established, investigators grapple with a range of common obstacles, including securing adequate financial and personnel—related resources, high-risk missing persons, navigating evolving modus operandi, and effectively managing complex crime scenes. Notwithstanding these challenges, the study reveals that 75% of the cases that were discussed in detail were solved through the cultivation of an open-minded approach and the assimilation of insights from prior investigations. The study concludes by discussing the relevance of these findings and their practical implications for crime prevention and investigative strategies.
Stay Home, Sustain Lives: Pandemic Support Networks and Social Reproduction
Authors: Read Rosie
Published: August 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021, voluntary and community networks in the UK mobilised to provide practical help in neighbourhoods and communities. This article locates these networks within longer-term historical trajectories of social care policy and provision. Drawing on data from a qualitative study from southern England, this article explores how pandemic community responses fulfilled and scaled up the pre-pandemic policy objective of expanding volunteer and unwaged community labour in social care provision. Feminist theories of social reproduction are applied to explore how this occurred in ways that were bound up with, and reproductive of, neoliberal capitalist social relations. Community and volunteer support networks sustained many lives through the pandemic, but they also shielded capital and the state from bearing the full costs of looking after people made vulnerable by the virus.
Linking Multi-Dimensional Religiosity in Childhood and Later Adulthood: Implications for Later Life Health
Authors: Hamm Sara I. , Zimmer Zachary , Ofstedal Mary Beth
Published: August 2024

This study examines religiosity patterns across childhood and later adulthood and their associations with later-life health using an experimental module from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study ( N = 1649; Mean Age = 64.0). Latent class analysis is used to categorize individuals by commonalities in religious attendance, religious identity, and spiritual identity. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations are then explored using probable depression, disability, and mortality as health indicators. Results reveal complex patterns, often characterized by declining attendance and fluctuating identity. Relationships with health appear stronger in cross-sectional analyses, suggesting that some associations may be non-causal. Individuals with consistently strong religiosity show significantly better psychological health compared to their relatively non-religious counterparts. Moreover, the absence of religiosity in later adulthood is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Overall, the findings support the promotion of religiosity whilst acknowledging individual variations and highlighting the need for more individualistic approaches to the study of religion and health.
Narrative Review of Paraphilias: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Thakur Manish Roshan , Yadav Ravi , Bhanwar Rajvardhan Singh
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Paraphilias, encompassing a diverse range of atypical sexual interests and behaviors, have been a subject of profound interest and scrutiny throughout history. These sexual interests are a matter of debate with the changing society and also with the changing world view. The rise in awareness about abnormal sexual interests also poses difficulty in adding to the existing list.

Objectives:

This article aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the historical underpinnings, current diagnostic criteria, legal considerations in India, and treatment approaches available for paraphilias.

Methodology:

Electronic searches were done on PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search term included were “paraphilias,” “history,” “nosology,” “legislation,” “law,” “treatment guidelines,” and “treatment recommendations” in various combinations. An independent online search was also conducted for historical and legal aspects of India.

Results:

The classification and understanding of paraphilias have evolved over time, with some being removed from criminalized groups and laws and legislation changing based on societal norms. ICD and DSM have become more structured, but need constant updating. India's laws need to be more specific and streamlined, and guidelines have not been assessed for effectiveness. Paraphilias has been treated as a foster child in psychiatry, raising concerns about treatment options.