bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying detection using deep transfer learning
Authors: Roy Pradeep Kumar , Mali Fenish Umeshbhai
Published: May 2022

Social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and others have numerous advantages, but they have many dark sides also. One of the issues on these social platforms is cyberbullying. The impact of cyberbullying is immeasurable on the life of victims as it’s very subjective to how the person would tackle this. The message may be a bully for victims, but it may be normal for others. The ambiguities in cyberbullying messages create a big challenge to find the bully content. Some research has been reported to address this issue with textual posts. However, image-based cyberbullying detection is received less attention. This research aims to develop a model that helps to prevent image-based cyberbullying issues on social platforms. The deep learning-based convolutional neural network is initially used for model development. Later, transfer learning models are utilized in this research. The experimental outcomes of various settings of the hyper-parameters confirmed that the transfer learning-based model is the better choice for this problem. The proposed model achieved a satisfactory accuracy of 89% for the best case, indicating that the system detects most cyberbullying posts.
Performance of cable-supported glass façades under time-depending wind action
Authors: Rizzo Fabio , Bedon Chiara
Published: May 2022

Cable supported glass façades are sensitive to wind action because of their flexibility. Conventional laboratory testing to check a façade reliability under the wind action is generally carried out by uniformly air pressure tests. However, the typical wind action on a surface is known to be not uniform because it varies due to building aerodynamics and wind flow turbulence, and this aspect should be properly considered for testing protocols. This paper discusses the structural response of cable-supported glass façades, through time history finite element (FE) analyses, under different wind action combinations that varies based on the building aerodynamics (plan shapes and roof curvatures), the wind direction (0° and 90°), and the glass panel position (up and down). Such a finding is further enforced by the presence of flexible supports for the constituent glass modules. The presented results show a strong dependence of the structural response on the wind action configuration, and thus suggest the need of new testing protocols for similar systems.
Interplanetary energetic electrons observed in Earth’s polar cusp/cap/lobes
Authors: Wang Linghua
Published: May 2022

The Earth’s polar cusp, cap and lobes are the important boundaries to transport the plasma and energy from the interplanetary medium to terrestrial magnetosphere. Interplanetary energetic electrons, mainly consisting of continuous solar wind superhalo electrons and transient solar energetic electron events both with typical power-law energy spectra, can provide a source of energetic electrons to the Earth’s magnetosphere. After briefly summarizing recent results of solar wind superhalo electrons and solar energetic electron events, this paper reviews the first evidences for the direct and continuous entry of energetic electrons from the interplanetary medium to the Earth’s polar cusp, cap and/or lobes, observed by one Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite. Such entering electrons can make a possible contribution to the generation of magnetospheric energetic electrons.
The origins of multi-cropping agriculture in Southwestern China: Archaeobotanical insights from third to first millennium B.C. Yunnan
Authors: Dal Martello Rita
Published: May 2022

Yunnan’s location at the crossroad of temperate China, Northeast India and tropical mainland Southeast Asia makes it a pivotal area for the understanding of early cultural contacts and agricultural spread between these ecologically diverse regions. This paper evaluates current evidence relating to the emergence of the first agricultural systems in Yunnan. It also reviews previous theories on agricultural dispersal to Yunnan, including whether Austroasiatic speakers were responsible for the spread of rice from Yunnan to mainland Southeast Asia, and builds a new framework that allows to tie agricultural development in the region into broader patterns of early migration and exchange networks. Archaeobotanical remains attest to an initial spread of rice and millet from Central China into Yunnan in the third millennium B.C. and the establishment of a mixed-crop economy; the introduction of wheat and barley in the second millennium B.C. allowed for increased diversification of the agricultural system, with a two-season intensification trend in the late first millennium B.C. Differences in early rice cultivation ecologies between Yunnan and mainland Southeast Asia suggest that Yunnan rice farmers may not have had a primary role in the southern dispersal of rice, however, more data is needed to fully clarify the source and development of dryland cultivation of rice in mainland Southeast Asia.
The Effects of Neural Gain on Reactive Cognitive Control
Authors: Tromp Jeshua , Nieuwenhuis Sander , Murphy Peter
Published: May 2022

Fluctuations in global neural gain, arising from brainstem arousal systems, have been found to shape attention, learning, and decision-making as well as cortical state. Comparatively, little is known about how fluctuations in neural gain affect cognitive control. In the present study, we examined this question using a combination of behavioral methods, pupillometry, and computational modeling. Simulations of a comprehensive model of the Stroop task incorporating task conflict and both proactive and reactive forms of control indicated that increasing global gain led to an overall speeding of reaction times, increased Stroop interference, and decreased Stroop facilitation. Pupil analyses revealed that the pre-trial pupil derivative (i.e., rate of change), a putative non-invasive index of global gain, showed the same diagnostic relationships with the Stroop-task performance of human participants. An analysis of the internal model dynamics suggested that a gain-related increase in task conflict and corresponding (within-trial) increase in reactive control are vital for understanding this pattern of behavioral results. Indeed, a similar connectionist model without this task-conflict-control loop could not account for the results. Our study suggests that spontaneous fluctuations in neural gain can have a significant impact on reactive cognitive control.
The Navy and Anglo-Scottish Union, 1603-1707
Authors: Helling Colin
Published: May 2022

Examines the union of England and Scotland by weaving the navy into a political narrative of events between the regal union in 1603 and the parliamentary union in 1707.
Open innovation programmes related to data and AI: How do the entrepreneurial orientations of startups align with the objectives of public funders?
Authors: Priestley Maria , Simperl Elena
Published: May 2022

Open innovation programmes related to data and artificial intelligence have interested European policy-makers as a means of supporting startups and small and medium-sized enterprises to succeed in the digital economy. We discuss the objectives behind the typical service offerings of such programmes and propose a case for exploring how they align with the motivations of individual companies who are targeted by these initiatives. Using a qualitative analysis of 50 startup applications from the Data Market Services Accelerator programme, we find that applicants wrote most frequently about fundraising, acceleration and data skills. A smaller number of startups expressed interest in services related to standardization or legal guidance on General Data Protection Regulation and intellectual property rights, which are some of the ongoing priority areas for the European Commission. We discuss how the value propositions of these less desired offerings can be amplified by appealing the existing business motivations of data-driven startups.
Simplicity and the Sub-Family Problem for Model Selection
Authors: Fatollahi Alireza , Alishahi Kasra
Published: May 2022

Forster and Sober (1994) introduced the “sub-family problem” for model selection criteria that recommend balancing goodness-of-fit against simplicity. This problem arises when a maximally simple model (family of hypotheses) is artificially constructed to have excellent fit with the data. We argue that the problem arises because of a violation of the general maxim that balancing goodness-of-fit against simplicity leads to desirable inferences only if one is comparing models for the consideration of which one has a positive reason independently of the current data.
Representing Non-actual Targets?
Authors: Verreault-Julien Philippe
Published: May 2022

Models typically have actual, existing targets. However, some models are viewed as having non-actual targets. I argue that this interpretation comes at various costs and propose an alternative that fares better along two dimensions: (1) agreement with practice and (2) ontological and epistemological parsimony. My proposal is that many of these models actually have actual targets.
Searching for the Last Genizah Fragment in Late Ottoman Cairo: A Material Survey of Egyptian Jewish Literary Culture
Authors: Posegay Nick
Published: May 2022

The Cairo Genizah is well known as a repository for hundreds of thousands of manuscripts that the Jewish residents of Fustat (Old Cairo) produced and consumed in the premodern period. Foreign “collectors” acquired most of these manuscripts for European libraries in the second half of the nineteenth century, with the majority arriving at the Cambridge University Library in 1897 under the auspices of Solomon Schechter. Less well known is the fact that hundreds of Genizah fragments were produced in the late nineteenth century, even as European collectors were scouring Cairo for ancient texts. This later corpus includes witnesses to the social and economic history of late Ottoman Cairo and provides copious evidence for the material history of Egyptian Jewish literary activity at that time. Despite this, it remains understudied for both Ottoman and Jewish history. Late Genizah material also raises questions about the integrity of “Cairo Genizah” manuscript collections around the world, as some fragments postdate Schechter's Genizah “discovery,” and others were never in Egypt at all.
Concomitant Prohibitions: Collective Punishment as the Origin of Other Violations of the Rights of Civilians under Belligerent Occupation
Authors: Serralvo Jose
Published: May 2022

International humanitarian law (IHL) categorically prohibits all types of collective punishment. However, neither treaty nor customary sources provide a clear definition of what should be deemed a collective punishment. Given this lack of clarity, it is no surprise that little attention has been paid to the way in which resorting to different forms of collective punishment during a belligerent occupation might lead to additional violations of international law, including IHL and international human rights law (IHRL). This article explores the notion of collective punishment under the law of occupation and connects it with other relevant rules of international law. Based on this analysis, and using the Occupied Palestinian Territory as a case study, the article argues that violating the prohibition of collective punishment in a situation of belligerent occupation in all likelihood will trigger the breach of other concomitant rules of IHL and IHRL, thus shedding light on the scope of the prohibition contained in Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.
An endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy technique for cholesteatoma surgery
Authors: Nishiike S , Imai T , Uetsuka S , Michiba T , Ashida N , Otami Y , Tsujimura K , Sudo T , Saito M
Published: May 2022

Objective

Endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy, in which mastoidectomy is performed underwater, can be employed during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for cholesteatoma removal. It was hypothesised that endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy might take less time than endoscopic non-underwater mastoidectomy because the endoscope does not need to be removed for cleaning.

Methods

This study compared the mastoidectomy and total operative durations between the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy (n = 25) and endoscopic non-underwater drilling (control, n = 8) groups. Moreover, it compared the size of resected areas of the external auditory canal between the two groups.

Results

The mastoidectomy time of the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (p < 0.01). The total operative time did not differ significantly between the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy and control groups (p = 0.17). The resected area was significantly larger in the endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy group than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Endoscopic hydro-mastoidectomy enables more extensive bone resection within a shorter period.
Rewriting Calvin: Schleiermacher on the atonement and priestly office of Christ
Authors: Ralston Joshua
Published: May 2022

The burden of this essay is to show that Friedrich Schleiermacher's theology of the atonement and account of Christ's soteriological work as priest is marked by recognisably Reformed commitments and logics that both build from and critique John Calvin and later Reformed scholastics. The essay contends that it is when Schleiermacher departs strongly from orthodox conclusions regarding substitutionary atonement that he mostly clearly appeals to key aspects of Reformed theology. Put differently, when Schleiermacher critiques the material content of Reformed orthodoxy, he does so by drawing on other doctrinal claims that are fundamental in Reformed thought: the divine decree, union with Christ, the import of sanctification and the interconnection between dogmatic expression and Christian piety. Schleiermacher presents creative solutions to theological conundrums, particularly those that plague Calvin and the later Reformed tradition about the relationship between God's eternal decree of grace and the appeasement of divine wrath on the cross.
Sowing seeds of progressive revelation: Origen on the knowledge of the prophets
Authors: Troutner Timothy
Published: May 2022

Many scholars dismiss Origen's theology of scriptural inspiration as hopelessly lacking in historical sensibility. They point to his anachronistic attribution to the Old Testament prophets of extensive knowledge of the details of Christ's incarnation and of the allegorical significance of their own writings. I dispute this assessment, arguing that Origen's view of prophetic knowledge is more sophisticated than scholars have recognised and can contribute to contemporary reflection on progressive revelation, both anticipating and chastening it. I conclude with three analogies Origen offers us for conceptualising the development of revelation and doctrine.
Preferences Over Foreign Migration
Authors: York Erin A.
Published: May 2022

Do existing theories regarding the impact of foreign migration explain preferences in non-oecd countries? The author adapts and applies explanations for opposition to migration in the Arabian Gulf, a significant region in global migration today, using a survey experiment implemented in Qatar. The results offer a rare validation of predictions from the labor market competition model, demonstrating that individual employment circumstances are important preference determinants. Additionally, while OECD citizens prefer high-skilled migrants, Qataris are indifferent about blue- versus white-collar workers. Mediation analysis suggests that this null effect is the result of competing cultural and economic concerns over the effect of differing classes of migrants on economic and social welfare. The novel context provides a critical test case of the labor market hypothesis and offers insight into how migration preferences in the Global South differ from the Western experience.
The Long-Run Consequences of The Opium Concessions for Out-Group Animosity on Java
Authors: Kuipers Nicholas
Published: May 2022

This article examines the consequences of the opium concession system in the Dutch East Indies—a nineteenth-century institution through which the Dutch would auction the monopolistic right to sell opium in a given locality. The winners of these auctions were invariably ethnic Chinese. The poverty of Java's indigenous population combined with opium's addictive properties meant that many individuals fell into destitution. The author argues that this institution put in motion a self-reinforcing arrangement that enriched one group and embittered the other with consequences that persist to the present day. Consistent with this theory, the author finds that individuals living today in villages where the opium concession system once operated report higher levels of out-group intolerance compared to individuals in nearby unexposed counterfactual villages. These findings improve the understanding of the historical conditions that structure antagonisms between competing groups.
Neoliberalism, English, and spoiled identity: The case of a high-achieving university graduate in Hong Kong
Authors: Yeung Steven , Gray John
Published: May 2022

Neoliberalism has permeated every sphere of social life, including education and language learning, seeking to produce a particular kind of subject,homo economicus, with the dispositions required to manage the self as an economic project. This article unravels the workings of the unfulfilled promise of neoliberal English education and its damaging consequences on a high-achieving female university graduate in the context of contemporary Hong Kong. Combining Marxist and Foucauldian perspectives, while simultaneously drawing on Goffman's concepts of stigma and spoiled identity, our analysis is informed by positioning theory and captures the impact of what we have termed the English language gaze on our informant's sense of self. Seen through a Foucauldian lens, the data reveal the extent, but also the limits, of her assimilation of neoliberal governmentality, while the Marxist lens allows us to account for her plight in terms of alienation and the resulting stigma of a spoiled identity. (Neoliberalism, governmentality, alienation, stigma, spoiled identity, English learning, English language gaze)*
Placing Victorian Abolitionism
Authors: Chappell Lindsey N.
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes Victorian abolitionism after the British Slavery Abolition Act of 1833, attending to particular epistemological racisms built into our ways of thinking about Victorian texts. Recent scholarship has begun to examine race in Victorian studies, but we've largely eschewed contemporaneous considerations of slavery and its ongoing imbrication with the British Empire. Notably absent are studies of abolitionism from within the U.S. South, where British commentators sought to contain slavery as a local depravity. I analyze narratives around the “Weeping Time,” the largest slave auction in U.S. history, including English actress Fanny Kemble's 1863Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantationin 1838–1839, transatlantic periodical coverage of the auction, and nontraditional histories of local resistance. These texts disrupt the entrenched critical tradition of dividing the U.S. South from Britain, pushing us to reevaluate what we assume about race in Victorian studies today. Race, I argue, shapes Victorian and Victorianist subject positions through the location of bodies and ideologies in specific places. These localizations function as narrative shorthand to evaluate, for example, morality and aesthetics while silently assuming a default white subject position.
The Age of Decadence
Authors: Stetz Margaret D.
Published: May 2022

What does “decadence” mean? Does it mean anything at all? Is it sinister or irresistibly appealing? Regardless of the ambiguity that surrounds the word “decadence” (often with a small “d”), no one can deny that decadence (frequently with a capital “D,” especially when it alludes to the late nineteenth-century European cultural movement) has been sweeping the world of academic publishing. Seen from the perspective of 2022, the past few years appear to have been, at least among scholars, a decade of decadence. Joseph Bristow opens his chapter on “Female Decadence” for the 2016 volumeThe History of British Women's Writing, 1880–1920by saying, “There is no question that by the mid-1890s one word had come to define avant-garde art and literature in Britain,” and that word was decadence. Judging by the recent proliferation of books and art exhibitions on both sides of the Atlantic, history appears to be repeating itself and on a broader scale. Decadence is now defining, or at least preoccupying, many of us.
Prospects of porous concrete as a plant-growing medium and structural component for green roofs: a review
Authors: Rahman Md Sazan , MacPherson Sarah , Lefsrud Mark
Published: May 2022

Green roof technology can partially mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization by controlling stormwater runoff, pre-filtering water, minimizing climate change outcomes and reducing heat island effects. However, improvements to current green roof systems and innovative approaches are paramount to advancing environmental benefits and consumer acceptance of this technology. Regular green roofs are hindered by high cost and mass, as well as the incorporation of large amounts of polymers. Hydroponic green roofs (HGRs) require specific setups, maintenance and frequent replacement of plant-growing substrate, with limited energy savings in the heating and cooling load of the building due to the space between the roof surface and the hydroponic setup. In this review, a comparison of regular and HGRs is provided, and research into the environmental benefits of these technologies, including stormwater control, water purification and lifecycle assessment, is summarized. Following this, the prospect of porous concrete (PC), as a combined plant-growth substrate and structural layer in a novel extensive hydroponic green roof (EHGR) design is proposed, through a compilation and analysis of recent studies reporting the feasibility of this construction material for different applications. The mechanical, hydrological and vegetative properties of PC are discussed. Finally, a new green roof system that incorporates both PC and hydroponics, termed the EHGR system, is presented. This new green roof system may help offset the effects of urbanization by providing stormwater and pollution control, runoff delay and physical and thermal benefits, while concurrently producing biomass from a reusable substrate.
Ernährung bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Mueller Marlena , Siegenthaler Jolanda , Fäh David , Schuetz Philipp
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Trotz der Komplexität der Thematik hat die Ernährungsmedizin in den letzten Jahren wichtige Fortschritte gemacht, auch bezüglich kardiovaskulärer Gesundheit und Patient_innen mit Herzinsuffizienz. Dabei gibt es recht gute Evidenz zu spezifischen Ernährungsformen, wie der mediterranen und pflanzenbasierten Kost, aber auch zu einzelnen Mikronährstoffen, wie der intravenösen Eisensubstitution eines Eisenmangels bei Herzinsuffizienz. Bezüglich der empfohlenen Salzmenge bei Herzinsuffizienz können noch keine genauen Mengenangaben gemacht werden, wobei die Aufnahme hoher Salzmengen (>12 g/Tag) vermieden werden sollte. In Anbetracht der Gefahr einer Mangelernährung bei diesem vulnerablen Patientenkollektiv ist bei einigen Betroffenen eine individualisierte Ernährungstherapie sinnvoll. Dies setzt ein gezieltes Screening auf Mangelernährung voraus. Die ernährungsmedizinische Forschung bietet noch grosses Potenzial zur Beantwortung weiterer Fragen bei Herzinsuffizienz. Dazu sind weitere randomisiert kontrollierte Studien und deren Metaanalysen erforderlich. In den vorliegenden Studien wurde z.B. zu wenig auf Unterschiede der Ernährung bei verschiedenen Formen und Stadien der Herzinsuffizienz eingegangen. Voraussetzung zur bestmöglichen Behandlung der Patient_innen mit Herzinsuffizienz ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kardiolog_innen, Internist_innen, Hausärzt_innen und Ernährungstherapeut_innen.
Bariatrische Chirurgie 2022 – was ist relevant für die Praxis?
Authors: Süsstrunk Julian , Schneider Romano , Gebhart Martina , Peterli Ralph
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die bariatrische Chirurgie ist die effizienteste Methode zur Behandlung der morbiden Adipositas und der damit verbundenen Begleiterkrankungen. Grundkenntnisse über die Indikationen, gängige Operationen, Nachkontrollen und mögliche Komplikationen sind für die Grundversorgerpraxis unerlässlich geworden. Dieser Artikel erläutert die aktuellen Behandlungsstandards in der Schweiz mit dem Fokus auf relevante Informationen für die Praxis: Ernährungsphysiologische Aspekte nach bariatrischer Chirurgie, notwendige klinische und laborchemische Untersuchungen, das frühzeitige Erkennen von Komplikationen. Nur mit einer engen interdisziplinären und interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit kann die morbide Adipositas erfolgreich behandelt werden.
Die klinische Ernährung von medizinischen Patientinnen und Patienten: vom Screening zu Assessment und Therapie
Authors: Eilinger Luca , Arifi Teuta , Dziadova Vera , Schuetz Philipp
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Mit der demografischen Zunahme von älteren, multimorbiden Patientinnen und Patienten nimmt auch die Anzahl derjeniger mit krankheitsbedingter Mangelernährung stetig zu. Wir wissen heute, dass Mangelernährung ein starker und unabhängiger Risikofaktor für Morbidität, Mortalität und schlechte Lebensqualität ist. Erfreulicherweise haben aber verschiedene Studien gezeigt, dass ein Mangelernährungs-Screening, gefolgt von einer physiologisch sinnvollen Ernährungstherapie zur Deckung der individuellen Ernährungsziele einen positiven Einfluss auf den klinischen Verlauf von medizinischen Patientinnen und Patienten hat. Das Nutritional Risk Screening eignet sich hierbei als Instrument zur Erfassung des nutritiven Risikos bei hospitalisierten und ambulanten Patientinnen und Patienten in der Hausarztpraxis. Bei Risikopatientinnen und -patienten für Mangelernährung sollte ein vertieftes klinisches Assessment im interdisziplinären Team von Ernährungsberatung, Pflege sowie Ärztinnen und Ärzten stattfinden zur Klärung der Frage der Ätiologie der Mangelernährung und Risikofaktoren, sowie zur Prüfung der Indikation einer Ernährungstherapie. Eine solche Ernährungstherapie soll individuell auf die nutritiven Bedürfnisse (Kalorien-, Protein- und Mikronährstoffbedarf), auf die Grundkrankheit und die Präferenzen der Patientin/des Patienten abgestimmt werden. Kranke sollten hierbei mit Anpassung der Therapie im Verlauf engmaschig begleitet werden.
Refeeding-Syndrom: Wo stehen wir 2022?
Authors: Schönenberger Katja A. , Dürig Christa , Huwiler Valentina V. , Reber Emilie , Stanga Zeno
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Das Refeeding-Syndrom ist ein potenziell lebensbedrohlicher Zustand, welcher beim Wiederernähren von mangelnährten Patientinnen und Patienten auftreten kann. In den letzten Jahren wurden von den wichtigen Fachgesellschaften für klinische Ernährung ESPEN und ASPEN zwei Konsensusmanuskripte publiziert. Pathophysiologische Aspekte, klinische Manifestationen, Präventionsmassnahmen sowie Kriterien zur Diagnosestellung und zum Management wurden ausführlich beschrieben. Ziel dieser Mini-Review ist es, einen evidenzbasierten Überblick zum Refeeding-Syndrom zu geben. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die systematische Literatursuche von Friedli et al. 2015 aktualisiert. Es besteht die Evidenz, dass das Refeeding-Syndrom mit einem negativen klinischen Outcome assoziiert ist. Viele Fragen zu Managementaspekten bleiben weiterhin offen. Eine robuste, randomisierte kontrollierte Studie ist dringend notwendig, um diese Fragen evidenzbasiert zu beantworten und zuverlässige Hinweise über unabhängige Prädiktoren sowie eine Abschätzung des metabolischen Risikos zu eruieren.
CME-Rheumatologie 25: Rheumatologische Fälle
Authors: Tamborrini Giorgio , Turek Daniel , Schären Stefan
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele werden besondere rheumatologische Fälle illustriert. Zum einen stellen wir Differenzialdiagnosen und Ursachen einer «Bakerzyste» vor, zum anderen einen Fall mit Befall der Halswirbelsäule bei rheumatoider Arthritis. In der Regel führen uns bereits die Anamnese und die präzise klinische Untersuchung in die richtige diagnostische Richtung. Die weiteren Abklärungen, wie Laboranalysen oder bildgebende Verfahren, werden gezielt unter Berücksichtigung der Klinik eingesetzt.
Mittendrin oder nur dabei?
Authors: Chakraverty Veronika , Zimmer Heinz , Niehaus Mathilde
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Subjektive Sichtweisen von Arbeitnehmenden mit dauerhaften gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen (dgB) spielen in der quantitativen Forschung zur beruflichen Inklusion bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle. In der vorliegenden Fragebogenstudie wurden daher N = 1006 Betroffene zu ihrem Inklusionserleben, möglichen Konsequenzen, vermittelnden psychologischen Prozessen und der Rolle der Bedürfnisse nach Zugehörigkeit und Authentizität befragt. In Strukturgleichungsmodellierungen mittels Partial-Least-Squares zeigten sich signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen Inklusionserleben und günstigen Ausprägungen von Indikatoren für Gesundheit, Wohlbefinden und Produktivität, die insbesondere durch eine verminderte affektive Rumination und eine positive Sichtweise auf das Leben mit einer dgB vermittelt wurden. Eine moderierende Rolle der Bedürfnisse nach Zugehörigkeit und Authentizität zeigte sich in den Daten nicht. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Relevanz des Konstrukts Inklusionserleben für Forschung zu beruflicher Teilhabe und die Gestaltung inklusiver Arbeitsumgebungen.
Wave, Vortex and Wave‐Vortex Dipole (Instability Wave): Three Flavors of the Intra‐Seasonal Variability of the North Equatorial Undercurrent
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Feng Ling , Köhl Armin , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Fan
Published: May 2022

Intra‐seasonal variations have been frequently observed in the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) jets, yet their dynamical nature remains elusive. Based on field observations and model results, we identify three flavors of the ISVs: Wave (accounting for 10%), wave‐vortex dipole (WVD) (20%) and vortex (70%). The wave flavor refers to a Rossby wave, the WVD flavor consists of a pair of counter‐rotating vortices, and the vortex flavor refers to a sub‐thermocline monopole eddy. To our knowledge, the WVD is identified for the first time and is found characterized by a unique dynamical feature: It manifests both as a second baroclinic mode‐like Rossby wave and as a pair of dipole‐like sub‐thermocline eddies. It is further identified as a second baroclinic mode‐like Rossby wave‐initiated instability wave in an equilibrium being fueled by baroclinic conversion. These results indicate that mesoscale instability waves are an important component of subthermocline intra‐seasonal and mesoscale variations.
Formation Mechanisms of the Molecular Ion Polar Plume and Its Contribution to Ion Escape From Mars
Authors: Sakakura Kotaro , Seki Kanako , Sakai Shotaro , Sakata Ryoya , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Brain David A. , McFadden James P. , Halekas Jasper S. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Jakosky Bruce M. , Terada Naoki , Tanaka Takashi
Published: May 2022

We investigated the formation mechanism of a molecular ion plume and its contribution to ion escape based on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations from November 2014 to October 2019 and numerical models. Here, we report a CO2+‐rich plume event and a statistical study of the molecular ion plume. MAVEN observed a CO2+‐rich plume event, in which the maximum CO2+ escape flux is approximately 4.2 × 106 cm−2s−1, on 28 August 2015 under strong solar wind dynamic pressure conditions. A numerical simulation using strong solar wind dynamic pressure conditions from the event suggested that the molecular ion plume is formed by deep penetration of the solar wind‐induced electric field, which is caused by strong solar wind dynamic pressure. A statistical study showed that CO2+ plume events tend to be observed under high solar wind dynamic pressure and strong electric field conditions. This tendency is consistent with the formation mechanism of the molecular ion plume suggested by the event study. The O2+ plume does not show the same tendency. This is because O2+ ions are abundant in the high‐altitude ionosphere, and O2+ plumes can be formed even under weak solar wind conditions. The subsolar crustal magnetic fields tend to prevent the formation of the molecular ion plume by shielding the ionosphere from the solar wind. The escape rate ratio is approximately 45:53:3 during the whole statistical survey period, suggesting that a molecular ion plume from the ionosphere is a non negligible ion escape channel from Mars.
Including Tides Improves Subtidal Prediction in a Region of Strong Surface and Internal Tides and Energetic Mesoscale Circulation
Authors: Kerry Colette G. , Powell Brian S.
Published: May 2022

Model predictions of the oceanic subtidal circulation have typically excluded the tides, assuming that tides have little influence on subtidal flows. The deterministic surface (barotropic) tide can be removed from observations for assimilation, yet the surface tides may have important impacts on subtidal circulation in shelf regions with flow‐on effects to the deep ocean. Internal (baroclinic) tides are non‐deterministic so must be included as observation error for assimilation if they are not resolved by the model. Using Twin Experiments with 4‐D Variational Data Assimilation, we examine the influence of the principal semidiurnal (M2) tide on the predictability of the subtidal ocean circulation in the South China and Philippine Seas. We find that including tides in our model significantly improved subtidal predictions across the region. This results from both the influence of tidal dynamics on the subtidal circulation, and from higher prior errors prescribed to the observations when the model does not resolve the internal tide signal. The tides are particularly important for predictions of temperature in the South China Sea and Kuroshio Current where tidal mixing influences water mass properties. In the Philippine Sea deep basin, improved predictability results from resolving the internal tides allowing smaller prior errors to be prescribed to the assimilated Sea Surface Height and subsurface observations. This study illustrates the importance of including tides to accurately predict subtidal circulation in a region of strong surface and internal tides and energetic mesoscale circulation and including a significant Western Boundary Current region.
Contribution of the Precipitation‐Recycling Process to the Wetting Trend in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Wang Shanshan , He Yongli , Ren Yu , Huang Jianping
Published: May 2022

Xinjiang, China has experienced a significant wetting trend since the mid‐1980s in the context of climate warming. However, the features and mechanism associated with the water cycles in this region remain unclear. In this study, the contributions of the precipitation‐recycling process to the wet‐season (May‐August) wetting trend are investigated using a dynamic recycling model and the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application version 2 reanalysis product from 1982 to 2020. The results show that the mean precipitation recycling ratio is 37.91%, implying that Xinjiang precipitation is mainly contributed by external moisture. Moreover, the recycling ratio exhibits a significantly increasing trend of 2.29% per decade, and this increased recycled precipitation contributes 55.55% to the wet‐season wetting trend in Xinjiang. The amount of externally advected moisture transported to Xinjiang has also increased in recent decades, accounting for 44.45% of the wetting trend. Further analysis reveals that a deepening anomalous trough over Central Asia accompanied by strengthening moisture inflow through the southwest and south boundaries induce the increased inflow of moisture to Xinjiang, thereby increasing external‐cycle precipitation in Xinjiang. Along with the strengthened ascending movement in the lower troposphere, the increasing atmospheric moisture content induced by enhanced evapotranspiration is beneficial for recycling precipitation in Xinjiang. These results imply that both the internal and external water cycles deserve further attention when exploring the wetting phenomenon in Xinjiang.
Biogeochemical Dynamics of a Glaciated High‐Latitude Wetland
Authors: Buser‐Young Jessica Z. , Peck Erin K. , Chace Peter , Lapham Laura L. , Vizza Carmella , Colwell Frederick S.
Published: May 2022

High‐latitude, coastal wetland biogeochemistry is dynamic in response to climate change, and yet we do not understand, and thus cannot fully predict, how crucial aspects of these systems will change in the future. Temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere have disproportionately increased 4°C in 30 years causing the rate of deglaciation to increase significantly in global high‐latitude river deltas. This will have a prolonged effect on local microbiome metabolism and biodiversity of the subsurface, influencing solid, liquid, and gaseous compounds in the system. Using sediment geochemical analyses, autonomous sampling techniques, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we have identified key processes that occur in the Copper River Delta, AK, a model system to study high‐latitude watersheds during rapid climate change. We calculated carbon accumulation rates upwards of 520 ± 60 g C m−2 yr−1 in outwash pond sediments nearest to the glaciers, which co‐occurred with pronounced suboxic peaks in Fe (III) and Mn (II). Sediment microbial communities across the outwash ponds are structured on the basis of total iron and manganese concentrations, proximity to glaciers, and organic matter content. Additionally, we revealed no methane accumulation in the ponds during ice‐cover, despite high organic matter content. High‐latitude wetland ecosystems are not only influenced by the changing climate, but also have the potential to impact carbon cycling considering high carbon burial rates. These findings show the importance of understanding changing biogeochemical processes in high‐latitude wetlands, as they have the potential to influence carbon cycling.
Detecting Large Explosions With Machine Learning Models Trained on Synthetic Infrasound Data
Authors: Witsil Alex , Fee David , Dickey Joshua , Peña Raúl , Waxler Roger , Blom Philip
Published: May 2022

Explosions produce low‐frequency acoustic (infrasound) waves capable of propagating globally, but the spatio‐temporal variability of the atmosphere makes detecting events difficult. Machine learning (ML) is well‐suited to identify the subtle and nonlinear patterns in explosion infrasound signals, but a previous lack of ground‐truth data inhibited training of generalized models. We introduce a physics‐based method that propagates infrasound sources through realistic atmospheres to create 28,000 synthetic events, which are used to train ML classifiers. A simple artificial neural network and modern temporal convolutional network discriminate synthetic events from background noise with >90% accuracy and, more importantly, successfully identify the majority of real‐world explosion signals recorded during the Humming Road Runner experiment. ML models trained entirely on physics‐based synthetics advance explosion detection capabilities and make ML more viable to related fields lacking training data.
Very Early Postseismic Deformation Following the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel Earthquake, Chile Revealed From Kinematic GPS
Authors: Liu Kai , Geng Jianghui , Wen Yangmao , Ortega‐Culaciati Francisco , Comte Diana
Published: May 2022

The very early phase of postseismic deformation spanning the first few hours is difficult to capture using daily Global Positioning System (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Using kinematic GPS instead, we analyzed the surface deformation that occurred during the first 3 days immediately after the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake. Particularly, the displacements at station PFRJ reached 2–3 cm during the first 2 hr, and grew to 6.1 cm after 12 hr from the origin time. We hence imaged the afterslip evolution by inverting kinematic GPS and found that the very early afterslip was mainly concentrated around the hypocenter. The early afterslip evolved to be distributed along three main slip zones along the strike, which was complementary to the coseismic slip zones in space. The location of aftershocks was highly consistent with the spatiotemporal evolution of early afterslip, suggesting that the occurrence of aftershocks may be influenced by afterslip in the very early postseismic period.
The Response of Geomagnetic Daily Variation and Ionospheric Currents to the Annular Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020
Authors: Liu Xiaocan , Chen Junjie , Han Peng , Lei Jiuhou , Dang Tong , Huang Fuqing , Chen Huaran , Jiao Liguo , Ma Xinxin , Tu Jiyao , Lei Yu , Zhao Junhao
Published: May 2022

In this study, we examined the response of geomagnetic daily variation and ionospheric currents to the solar annular eclipse that passed through China at 10:00–17:30 LT on 21 June 2020. We utilized geomagnetic field data obtained from the Geomagnetic Network Center of China, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration and International Real‐time Magnetic Observatory Network, which extend from middle latitudes to equatorial regions in China and surrounding areas. It is found that the eclipse obscuration reduces the intensity of geomagnetic daily variation at most stations as compared with the 5‐quiet‐day average. The response of geomagnetic daily variation to the solar eclipse depends on local time and latitude. In most shadowed areas of the eclipse, there is a reduction of northward (southward) component of the meridional magnetic daily field (ΔX) below (above) ∼30° magnetic latitudes. The solar eclipse can also induce a decrease of the zonal magnetic field variation (ΔY). Meanwhile, we observed that the solar eclipse reduces the intensity of vertical geomagnetic component (ΔZ) at the stations around the early afternoon aside the eclipse totality. In general, these geomagnetic responses imply that the solar eclipse can reduce the ionospheric solar quiet (Sq) current system. These ionospheric currents and ground geomagnetic field disturbances during the solar eclipse are also verified by a global physical model. The simulation demonstrates that the ionospheric currents in the southern hemisphere, where the solar eclipse does not cover, also have a weak response. Overall, the ionospheric current disturbance induced by the solar eclipse shows a counter‐Sq pattern.
Mapping the Brightness of Ganymede's Ultraviolet Aurora Using Hubble Space Telescope Observations
Authors: Marzok A. , Schlegel S. , Saur J. , Roth L. , Grodent D. , Strobel D. F. , Retherford K. D.
Published: May 2022

We analyze Hubble Space Telescope observations of Ganymede made with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph between 1998 and 2017 to generate a brightness map of Ganymede's oxygen emission at 1,356 Å. Our Mercator projected map demonstrates that the brightness along Ganymede's northern and southern auroral ovals strongly varies with longitude. To quantify this variation around Ganymede, we investigate the brightness averaged over 36°‐wide longitude corridors centered around the sub‐Jovian (0° W), leading (90° W), anti‐Jovian (180° W), and trailing (270° W) central longitudes. In the northern hemisphere, the brightness of the auroral oval is 3.7 ± 0.4 times lower in the sub‐Jovian and anti‐Jovian corridors compared to the trailing and leading corridors. The southern oval is overall brighter than the northern oval, and only 2.5 ± 0.2 times fainter on the sub‐ and anti‐Jovian corridors compared to the trailing and leading corridors. This demonstrates that Ganymede's auroral ovals are strongly structured in auroral crescents on the leading side (plasma downstream side) and on the trailing side (plasma upstream side). We also find that the brightness is not symmetric with respect to the 270° meridian, but shifted by ∼20° towards the Jovian‐facing hemisphere. Our map will be useful for subsequent studies to understand the processes that generate the aurora in Ganymede's non‐rotationally driven, sub‐Alfvénic magnetosphere.
Lipid metabolism dysfunction induced by age-dependent DNA methylation accelerates aging
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Jiaqiang , Wang LeYun , Gao Yuanxu , Feng Guihai , Li Gen , Zou Jun , Yu Meixin , Li Yu Fei , Liu Chao , Yuan Xue Wei , Zhao Ling , Ouyang Hong , Zhu Jian-Kang , Li Wei , Zhou Qi , Zhang Kang
Published: May 2022

Epigenetic alterations and metabolic dysfunction are two hallmarks of aging. However, the mechanism of how their interaction regulates aging, particularly in mammals, remains largely unknown. Here we show ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (Elovl2), a gene whose epigenetic alterations are most highly correlated with age prediction, contributes to aging by regulating lipid metabolism. We applied artificial intelligence to predict the protein structure of ELOVL2 and the interaction with its substrate. Impaired Elovl2 function disturbs lipid synthesis with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to key aging phenotypes at both cellular and physiological level. Furthermore, restoration of mitochondrial activity can rescue age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes induced by Elovl2 deficiency in human retinal pigmental epithelial (RPE) cells; this indicates a conservative mechanism in both human and mouse. Taken together, we revealed an epigenetic-metabolism axis contributing to aging and illustrate the power of an AI-based approach in structure-function studies.
SOX17-mediated MALAT1-miR-199a-HIF1α axis confers sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to radiotherapy
Authors: Yun Yifei , Zhang Yutong , Xu Qiqi , Ou Yao , Zhou Xifa , Lu Zhonghua
Published: May 2022

Radiotherapy is a main modality of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment, while radioresistance largely limits the effect of this therapy. Evidence exists reporting that SOX17 may sensitize ESCC cells to irradiation, but the downstream mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, we attempt to explore the molecular basis of SOX17 effect on radioresistance in ESCC. The SOX17 expression was measured in ESCC tissues and cells, followed by evaluation of its relationship with patient survival. The fractionated irradiation-induced irradiation-resistant cell line KYSE150R was subjected to gain- and loss-of function studies to explore the effect of SOX17 and downstream effectors MALAT1, miR-199a, and HIF1α on the malignant phenotypes of ESCC. The interaction among these factors was explained using ChIP, dual luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down and RIP assays. Further, the in vivo effect of SOX17 on ESCC irradiation tolerance was assessed in nude mice. SOX17 was underexpressed in ESCC tissues and cells, which was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with ESCC. Besides, SOX17 inhibited irradiation tolerance of ESCC cells by suppressing MALAT1 transcription. Notably, MALAT1 acted as miR-199a sponge and thereby enhanced HIF1α expression. Moreover, SOX17 reduced the irradiation tolerance of ESCC cells by reducing HIF1α expression via the MALAT1-miR-199a axis, and attenuated tumor formation in nude mice. Our results indicate that SOX17 can impede the radioresistance of ESCC cells through the MALAT1-miR-199a-HIF1α axis, in support of further research for ESCC radiotherapy.