bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Fecal Microbial Diversity and Hormone Levels as Indicators of Gastrointestinal Health in Reintroduced Przewalski’s Horses (Equus ferus przewalskii)
Authors: Li Zhenghao , Luo Zhengwei , Hu Defu
Published: September 2024

Diarrhea serves as a vital health indicator for assessing wildlife populations post-reintroduction. Upon release into the wild, wild animals undergo adaptation to diverse habitats and dietary patterns. While such changes prompt adaptive responses in the fecal microbiota, they also render these animals susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases, particularly diarrhea. This study investigates variations in fecal microorganisms and hormone levels between diarrhea-afflicted and healthy Przewalski’s horses. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the alpha diversity of the fecal bacterial community among diarrheal Przewalski’s horses, accompanied by notable alterations in taxonomic composition. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes emerge as dominant phyla across all fecal samples, irrespective of health status. However, discernible differences in fecal bacterial abundance are observed between healthy and diarrhea-stricken individuals at the genus level, specifically, a diminished relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio is observed. The majority of the bacteria that facilitate the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group (Christensenellaceae), NK4A214_group (Ruminococcus), Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group (Lachnospiraceae), [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group (Eubacterium), Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group (Lachnospiraceae), and Prevotellaceae_UcG_001 (Prevotella) are noted in diarrhea-affected Przewalski’s horses, while Erysipelotrichaceae, Phoenicibacter, Candidatus_Saccharimonas (Salmonella), and Mogibacterium are present in significantly increased amounts. Moreover, levels of immunoglobulin IgA and cortisol are significantly elevated in the diarrhea group compared with the non-diarrhea group. Overall, this study underscores substantial shifts in fecal bacterial diversity, abundance, and hormone levels in Przewalski’s horses during episodes of diarrhea.
[18F]FDG PET/CT Imaging Is Associated with Lower In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis—A Registry-Based Analysis of 29,362 Cases
Authors: Lang Siegmund , Walter Nike , Heidemanns Stefanie , Lapa Constantin , Schindler Melanie , Krueckel Jonas , Schmidt Nils Ole , Hellwig Dirk , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus
Published: September 2024

Background: While MRI is the primary diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, the role of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT is gaining prominence. This study aimed to determine the frequency of [18F]FDG PET/CT usage and its impact on the in-hospital mortality rate in patients with spondylodiscitis, particularly in the geriatric population. Methods: We conducted a Germany-wide cross-sectional study from 2019 to 2021 using an open-access, Germany-wide database, analyzing cases with ICD-10 codes M46.2-, M46.3-, and M46.4- (‘Osteomyelitis of vertebrae’, ‘Infection of intervertebral disc (pyogenic)’, and ‘Discitis unspecified’). Diagnostic modalities were compared for their association with in-hospital mortality, with a focus on [18F]FDG PET/CT. Results: In total, 29,362 hospital admissions from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed. Of these, 60.1% were male and 39.9% were female, and 71.8% of the patients were aged 65 years and above. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 6.5% for the entire cohort and 8.2% for the geriatric subgroup (p < 0.001). Contrast-enhanced (ce) MRI (48.1%) and native CT (39.4%) of the spine were the most frequently conducted diagnostic modalities. [18F]FDG PET/CT was performed in 2.7% of cases. CeCT was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.90–2.17, p < 0.001). Cases with documented [18F]FDG PET/CT showed a lower frequency of in-hospital deaths (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.18–0.50; p = 0.002). This finding was more pronounced in patients aged 65 and above (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27–0.65, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Despite its infrequent use, [18F]FDG PET/CT was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate in patients with spondylodiscitis, particularly in the geriatric cohort. This study is limited by only considering data on hospitalized patients and relying on the assumption of error-free coding. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic approaches for spondylodiscitis.
Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Delineate the Impact of Aging and Renal Impairment on Ceftazidime Clearance
Authors: Abduljalil Khaled , Gardner Iain , Jamei Masoud
Published: September 2024

The impact of physiological changes during aging on drug disposition has not always been thoroughly assessed in clinical studies. This has left an open question such as how and to what extent patho- and physiological changes in renal function can affect pharmacokinetics in the geriatric population. The objective of this work was to use a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to quantify the impact of aging and renal impairment (RI) separately and together on ceftazidime pharmacokinetics (PK). The predicted plasma concentrations and PK parameters from the PBPK model were compared to the observed data in individuals of different ages with or without RI (16 independent studies were investigated in this analysis). Apart from clearance in one study, the predicted ceftazidime PK parameters of young adults, elderly, and in individuals with different levels of renal function were within 2-fold of the observed data, and the observed concentrations fell within the 5th–95th prediction interval from the PBPK model simulations. The PBPK model predicted a 1.2-, 1.5-, and 1.8-fold increase in the plasma exposure (AUC) ratio in individuals aged 40, 60, and 70 years old, respectively, with normal renal function for their age compared to 20-year-old individuals with normal renal function. The impact of RI on ceftazidime was predicted to be less marked in older individuals (a 1.04-, 1.43-, and 2.55-fold change in mild, moderate, or severe RI compared to a healthy age-matched control) than in younger individuals (where a 1.47-, 2.03-, and 3.50-fold increase was predicted in mild, moderate, or severe RI compared to a healthy age-matched control). Utilization of the applied population-based PBPK approach allows delineation of the effects of age from renal disease and can better inform future study design and dosing recommendations in clinical study of elderly patients depending on their age and renal function.
Breast Ultrasound Computer-Aided Diagnosis System Based on Mass Irregularity Features in Frequency Domain
Authors: Nairuz Tahsin , Lee Deokwoo , Lee Jong-Ha
Published: September 2024

Our study develops a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for breast ultrasound by presenting an innovative frequency domain technique for extracting mass irregularity features, thereby significantly boosting tumor classification accuracy. The experimental data consists of 5252 ultrasound breast tumor images, including 2745 benign tumors and 2507 malignant tumors. A Support Vector Machine was employed to classify the tumor as either benign or malignant, and the effectiveness of the proposed features set in distinguishing malignant masses from benign ones was validated. For the constructed CAD system, the performance indices’ accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 92.91%, 89.94%, 91.38%, 90.29%, and 91.45%, respectively, and the area index in the ROC analysis (AUC) was 0.924, demonstrating our method’s superiority over traditional spatial gray level dependence (SGLD), the ratio of depth to width, the count of depressions, and orientation features. Therefore, the constructed CAD system with the proposed features will be able to provide a precise and quick distinction between benign and malignant breast tumors with minimal training time in clinical settings.
Robot Control Platform for Multimodal Interactions with Humans Based on ChatGPT
Authors: Qu Jingtao , Jarosz Mateusz , Sniezynski Bartlomiej
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the architecture of a multimodal human–robot interaction control platform that leverages the advanced language capabilities of ChatGPT to facilitate more natural and engaging conversations between humans and robots. Implemented on the Pepper humanoid robot, the platform aims to enhance communication by providing a richer and more intuitive interface. The motivation behind this study is to enhance robot performance in human interaction through cutting-edge natural language processing technology, thereby improving public attitudes toward robots, fostering the development and application of robotic technology, and reducing the negative attitudes often associated with human–robot interactions. To validate the system, we conducted experiments measuring negative attitude robot scale and their robot anxiety scale scores before and after interacting with the robot. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant improvement in the participants’ attitudes and a notable reduction in anxiety following the interaction, indicating that the system holds promise for fostering more positive human–robot relationships.
Residues from the Oil Pressing Process as a Substrate for the Production of Alternative Biochar Materials
Authors: Saletnik Bogdan , Czarnota Radosław , Maczuga Mateusz , Saletnik Aneta , Bajcar Marcin , Zaguła Grzegorz , Puchalski Czesław
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using residues from cooking oil production to produce alternative biochar fuels along with optimizing the pyrolysis process. The work consisted of carrying out the pyrolysis process at varying temperatures and holding times at the final temperature, and then evaluating the energy potential of the materials studied. Taking into account aspects of environmental emissions, the content of selected oxides in the flue gases generated during the combustion of cakes and the biochar obtained from them was evaluated. Plant biomass derived from a variety of oilseeds, i.e., fennel flower (Nigella sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. Napus), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.), milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), was used to produce biochar. The experimental data have shown that the obtained biochar can have a calorific value of nearly 27 MJ kg−1. The use of pyrolysis allowed for a maximum increase in the calorific value of nearly 41% compared to non-thermally processed cakes and a several-fold decrease in carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions. According to these results, it can be concluded that the pyrolysis process can be an attractive method for using residues from the production of various cooking oils to produce alternative biofuels, developing the potential of the circular economy.
AEA-RDCP: An Optimized Real-Time Algorithm for Sea Fog Intensity and Visibility Estimation
Authors: Hwang Shin-Hyuk , Kwon Ki-Won , Im Tae-Ho
Published: September 2024

Sea fog reduces visibility to less than 1 km and is a major cause of maritime accidents, particularly affecting the navigation of small fishing vessels as it forms when warm, moist air moves over cold water, making it difficult to predict. Traditional visibility measurement tools are costly and limited in their real-time monitoring capabilities, which has led to the development of video-based algorithms using cameras. This study introduces the Approximating and Eliminating the Airlight–Reduced DCP (AEA-RDCP) algorithm, designed to address the issue where sunlight reflections are mistakenly recognized as fog in existing video-based sea fog intensity measurement algorithms, thereby improving performance. The dataset used in the experiment is categorized into two types: one consisting of images unaffected by sunlight and another consisting of maritime images heavily influenced by sunlight. The AEA-RDCP algorithm enhances the previously researched RDCP algorithm by effectively eliminating the influence of atmospheric light, utilizing the initial stages of the Dark Channel Prior (DCP) process to generate the Dark Channel image. While the DCP algorithm is typically used for dehazing, this study employs it only to the point of generating the Dark Channel, reducing computational complexity. The generated image is then used to estimate visibility based on a threshold for fog density estimation, maintaining accuracy while reducing computational demands, thereby allowing for the real-time monitoring of sea conditions, enhancing maritime safety, and preventing accidents.
Ionic Components of Particulate Matter 2.5 May Influence Daily Prevalence of Skin Symptom Exacerbations in Allergy Sufferers
Authors: Odajima Hiroshi , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Akamine Yuko , Kojima Kaoru , Sugiyama Akiko , Murakami Yoko , Yoshino Ayako , Takami Akinori , Hayakawa Kazuichi , Hara Akinori , Nakamura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: To date, little research has epidemiologically examined whether the concentration of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and its ionic components is related to the prevalence of skin symptom exacerbations. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify this association in patients with allergic diseases. (2) Methods: From 1 February to 31 May 2020, we evaluated the daily prevalence of skin symptoms in outpatients with allergic diseases being treated at Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, and measured the concentration of PM2.5 and its ionic components. (3) Results: Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between skin symptoms and the concentration of PM2.5 and the ionic components SO42−, NH4+, K+, and Mg2+; multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between the daily prevalence of skin symptom and the concentration of the ionic components SO42− or Mg2+. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the concentration of some PM2.5 ionic components may affect skin symptom in patients with allergic diseases.
Self-Coagulation Theory and Related Comet- and Semi-Circle-Shaped Structures in Electronegative and Gaseous Discharging Plasmas in the Laboratory
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhao Shuxia
Published: September 2024

In this work, the two-dimensional fluid models for two types of inductively coupled plasma, Ar/O2 and Ar/SF6, are numerically solved by the finite element method. Four interesting phenomena revealed by the simulations are reported: (1) comet-shaped and semi-circle-shaped structures in Ar/O2 and Ar/SF6 plasmas, respectively; (2) blue sheaths that surround the two structures; (3) the collapse and dispersion of semi-circle-shaped structures of certain Ar/SF6 plasma cations and anions when they are observed separately; and (4) the rebuilding of coagulated structures by minor cations in the Ar/SF6 plasma at the discharge center. From the simulation detail, it was found that the cooperation of free diffusion and negative chemical sources creates the coagulated structure of anions, and the self-coagulation theory is therefore built. The advective and ambipolar types of self-coagulation are put forth to explain the co-existence of blue sheath and internal neutral plasma, among which the advective type of self-coagulation extends the Bohm’s sheath theory of cations to anions, and the ambipolar type of self-coagulation originates from the idea of the ambipolar diffusion process, and it updates the recognition of people about the plasma collective interaction. During the ambipolar self-coagulation, each type of Ar/SF6 plasma cations and anions is self-coagulated, and the coagulated plasma species are then modeled as mass-point type (or point-charge type, more precisely). When the charge amounts of two point-charge models of plasma species with the same charge type are equal, the expelling effect caused by the Coulomb’s force of them leads to the collapse or dispersal of heavily coagulated species. The simulation shows that the lighter the species is, the easier it self-coagulates and the more difficult its coagulation is broken, which implies the inertia effect of density quantity. Moreover, the collapse of cation coagulation creates the spatially dispersed charge cloud that is not shielded into the Debye’s length, which indicates the anti-collective behavior of electronegative plasmas when they are self-coagulated. The rebuilt coagulated structure of minor Ar/SF6 plasma species at the discharge center and the weak coagulation of electrons in the periphery of the main coagulated structure that is under the coil are caused by the monopolar and spontaneous (non-advective) type of self-coagulation. The analysis predicts an intensity order of physically driven coagulation force, chemical self-coagulation force, and ambipolar self-coagulation force. The popular coagulated structure of the electronegative ICP sources is urgently needed to validate the experiment.
Long-Term Outcomes of Collagen Matrix versus Subepithelial Connective Tissue in Root Coverage for Multiple Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Han Sung-Hoon , Song Hye-Jung , Kim Na Jin , Park Won-Jong , Park Jun-Beom
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the differences in the performance of root coverage between collagen matrix and subepithelial connective tissue. Methods: A comprehensive search using a combination of controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and free-text terms was undertaken by two reviewers to identify published systematic reviews. Three major electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Cochrane database, and Embase) were searched up to October 2023. Results: Initially, five hundred and seventy-six articles were identified, but only nine studies met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled mean difference in mean root coverage of collagen matrix compared with subepithelial connective tissue was −0.48 (95% confidence interval of −0.69 to −0.26). The relative risk of complete root coverage of collagen matrix compared with subepithelial connective tissue was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.94). The pooled mean difference in width of keratinized tissue of collagen matrix compared with subepithelial connective tissue was −0.75 (95% confidence interval of −1.25 to −0.26). Conclusions: The outcomes of this study revealed that subepithelial connective tissue generally exhibited superior performance. Nonetheless, the utilization of the coronally advanced flap with collagen matrix may yield comparable results in terms of the percentage of complete root coverage.
Feasibility of Identifying Shale Sweet Spots by Downhole Microseismic Imaging
Authors: Yuan Congcong , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2024

Several studies suggest that shale sweet spots are likely associated with a low Poisson’s ratio in the shale layer. Compared with conventional geophysical techniques with active seismic data, it is straightforward and cost-effective to delineate the distribution of 3D Poisson’s ratios using microseismic data. In this study, an alternating method is proposed to determine microseismic event locations, 3D P-wave velocity, and Poisson’s ratio models with data recorded from downhole monitoring arrays. The method combines the improved 3D traveltime tomography, which inverts P and S arrivals for 3D P-wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio structures simultaneously, and a 3D grid search approach for event locations in an iterative fashion. The traveltime tomography directly inverts the Poisson’s ratio structure instead of calculating the Poisson’s ratios from P- and S-wave velocities (i.e., Vp and Vs) that are inverted by conventional traveltime tomography separately. The synthetic results and analysis suggest that the proposed method recovers the true Poisson’s ratio model reasonably. Additionally, we apply the method to a field dataset, which indicates that it may help delineate the reservoir structure and identify potential shale sweet spots.
A Novel Study on the Functional Capacity of Athletes and Its Influence on Their Fear of Pain and Injuries
Authors: Ayala Rocío Elizabeth Duarte , Pérez-Granados David , Ruiz Mauricio Alberto Ortega , Gutiérrez Carlos Alberto González , Espinosa Natalia Rojas , Gutiérrez David Guadarrama
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the multifaceted phenomenon of kinesiophobia, characterized by an irrational fear of movement, particularly prevalent among individuals with chronic pain. The research delves into various factors influencing kinesiophobia, including demographic variables, psychological experiences, and physical characteristics. Employing the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, the study assesses fear levels and their correlation with pain perception and functional capacity. Findings reveal a significant relationship between kinesiophobia and psychological exhaustion, reduced alertness, and self-esteem issues, particularly among athletes. Moreover, factors such as fatigue, overextension, sleep quality, and nutritional habits are identified as contributing to the manifestation of kinesiophobia. Furthermore, our study employs meticulous data preprocessing and neural network modeling, achieving an accuracy of 94.54%, to explore predictive factors such as age, gender, and fear-related attitudes. Notably, while injury history emerges as a significant predictor of kinesiophobia, gender does not exert a substantial influence. Notably, while injury history emerges as a significant predictor of kinesiophobia, gender does not exert a substantial influence. The analysis underscores the complex interplay of physical, psychological, and environmental factors in shaping kinesiophobia and highlights the importance of tailored interventions targeting fear-related attitudes and promoting well-being and rehabilitation strategies in individuals affected by this condition.
The Influence of Different Polyphenols on the Digestibility of Various Kinds of Starch and the Value of the Estimated Glycemic Index
Authors: Kwaśny Dominika , Borczak Barbara , Kapusta-Duch Joanna , Kron Ivan
Published: September 2024

Considering the prevalence of diet-related diseases, new ways of preventing them are being sought. One of them is the addition of polyphenols to high-starch products to inhibit their digestibility and reduce their glycemic index. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences between polyphenols popular in food ((+)catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, hesperidin, trans-ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid), in terms of their impact on wheat, rice, potato, and maize starch digestibility. Polyphenols were added to starch separately, before and after its pasting, in one of the following doses: 5, 10, and 20 mg. Starch was digested in the presence of single polyphenols to measure RDS (rapidly digestible starch), SDS (slowly digestible starch), RS (resistant starch), and TS (total starch) content. On that basis, the SDI (starch digestion index) was calculated, and the GI (glycemic index) was estimated. The results show that polyphenols inhibit starch digestion at different levels depending on the type of tested starch and the time of polyphenol addition. However, in terms of RDS, TS, and eGI (estimated glycemic index), the greatest impact was observed for epigallocatechin gallate in a dose of 20 mg most frequently, independently of the kind of tested starch and the time of polyphenol addition.
Multimodal Emotion Recognition Using Visual, Vocal and Physiological Signals: A Review
Authors: Udahemuka Gustave , Djouani Karim , Kurien Anish M.
Published: September 2024

The dynamic expressions of emotion convey both the emotional and functional states of an individual’s interactions. Recognizing the emotional states helps us understand human feelings and thoughts. Systems and frameworks designed to recognize human emotional states automatically can use various affective signals as inputs, such as visual, vocal and physiological signals. However, emotion recognition via a single modality can be affected by various sources of noise that are specific to that modality and the fact that different emotion states may be indistinguishable. This review examines the current state of multimodal emotion recognition methods that integrate visual, vocal or physiological modalities for practical emotion computing. Recent empirical evidence on deep learning methods used for fine-grained recognition is reviewed, with discussions on the robustness issues of such methods. This review elaborates on the profound learning challenges and solutions required for a high-quality emotion recognition system, emphasizing the benefits of dynamic expression analysis, which aids in detecting subtle micro-expressions, and the importance of multimodal fusion for improving emotion recognition accuracy. The literature was comprehensively searched via databases with records covering the topic of affective computing, followed by rigorous screening and selection of relevant studies. The results show that the effectiveness of current multimodal emotion recognition methods is affected by the limited availability of training data, insufficient context awareness, and challenges posed by real-world cases of noisy or missing modalities. The findings suggest that improving emotion recognition requires better representation of input data, refined feature extraction, and optimized aggregation of modalities within a multimodal framework, along with incorporating state-of-the-art methods for recognizing dynamic expressions.
Development Status of Key Technologies for Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit Manufacturing
Authors: Liang Mengjie , Fang Ji , Chen Dunkui , Chen Lang , Peng Lingling , Zhang Chi , Chen Yingchun , Lu Xiang
Published: September 2024

Optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) technology has attracted considerable research attention. Studies have achieved numerous breakthroughs in the basic scientific problems, key technologies, demonstration applications, and industrial promotions of OEIC. This study details the technical process, development status, existing problems, and future research trends of the design, manufacturing, and packaging of OEIC to provide a systematic summary of OEIC technology.
Analyzing the Digital Infrastructure Enabling Project Management Success: A Hybrid FAHP-FTOPSIS Approach
Authors: Khasawneh Mohammad Awni , Dweiri Fikri
Published: September 2024

This research paper examines the digital infrastructure required to achieve project management success by analyzing the enabling elements of this digital infrastructure in terms of three pillars: digital readiness, digital fitness, and digital tools. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify these enabling elements and to develop a list of project management success indicators through which the success of project management can be measured. To evaluate and rank the digital infrastructure enabling elements, a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) was implemented using a hybrid approach combining Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS). The study used the digital infrastructure enabling elements as MCA alternatives and the project management success indicators identified in the literature review as MCA criteria. The results indicated that the enabling elements associated with digital tools are the most significant for project management success, with a FTOPSIS closeness coefficient (CCi) of 0.8525, followed by those related to digital fitness (CCi = 0.6481) and digital readiness (CCi = 0.1602). These findings have proven to be robust, as they remained consistent even when weights of the MCA criteria were adjusted in three new scenarios proposed in a scenario analysis. This research highlights the critical role of digital enabling elements in enhancing project management practice and achieving project management success. It also offers a strategic framework for organizations to develop and strengthen their digital infrastructure.
A Method for Optimizing Terminal Sliding Mode Controller Parameters Based on a Multi-Strategy Improved Crayfish Algorithm
Authors: Wei Zhenghao , He Zhibin , Yang Fumiao , Sun Bin
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a parameter optimization method for a terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) based on a multi-strategy improved crayfish algorithm (JLSCOA) to enhance the performance of ship dynamic positioning systems. The TSMC is designed for the “Xinhongzhuan” vessel of Dalian Maritime University. JLSCOA integrates subtractive averaging, Levy Flight, and sparrow search strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional crayfish algorithms. Compared to COA, WOA, and SSA algorithms, JLSCOA demonstrates superior optimization accuracy, convergence performance, and stability across 12 benchmark test functions. It achieves the optimal value in 83% of cases, outperforms the average in 83% of cases, and exhibits stronger robustness in 75% of cases. Simulations show that applying JLSCOA to TSMC parameter optimization significantly outperforms traditional non-optimized controllers, reducing the average time for three degrees of freedom position changes by over 300 s and nearly eliminating control force and velocity oscillations.
Advancements in Analytical Strategies for Authentication and Quality Control of Grappa and Wine Brandy with Geographical Indications
Authors: Arduini Silvia , Chinnici Fabio
Published: September 2024

In recent years, food authentication has acquired significant importance due to the increase in the incidence of fraud and counterfeiting. Alcoholic beverages are among the food products most susceptible to these kinds of illicit practices due to their high commercial value. In the EU alone, there are 47 categories of spirit drinks and approximately 250 geographical indications (GIs). The production and labeling of GIs are strictly regulated, and developing analytical procedures that can ensure compliance with the legislation is essential to guarantee the typicality of these products. The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant analytical techniques used for the authentication and quality control of two well-renowned GIs: “Grappa” and wine brandy. It considers the last decade of advancements for both conventional targeted chromatographic techniques and less common methods mainly based on spectrometry coupled with chemometrics for quick and non-destructive discrimination of samples. Novel approaches and future perspectives are also highlighted.
Analysis of Inundation Flow Characteristics and Risk Assessment in a Subway Model Using Flow Simulations
Authors: Shin Jaehyun , Rhee Dong Sop , Park Inhwan
Published: September 2024

Subway station platforms are vulnerable to flood damage. Thus, an investigation of inundation in subway platforms is required to ensure the safety of citizens against flooding. This study analyzed and validated the inundation characteristics and safety areas in a subway station model using experimental inundation depth measurements and numerical simulations. Then by using the simulation, the effects of increased inflow to water velocity and depth were analyzed, and its impact on human models was found by using risk assessments which included specific force (M0), Flood Hazard Degree (FD), Flood Intensity Factors (FIF), toppling velocity, and sliding velocity. The flood risk assessment analysis results show that assessments using M0 could increase uncertainty by broadening the evaluation of risky areas compared to other indices. Also, the drag force applied to the human models was calculated using the simulations, which provided inundation risk values to people in subway stations. Overall, the risk assessments would provide a criterion for flood situations in subway stations.
Microbial Fermentation and Shelf Life of Potential Biotechnological Products Capable of Pesticide Degradation
Authors: Kraxberger Katharina , Kostić Tanja , Antonielli Livio , Sessitsch Angela
Published: September 2024

The pesticide active ingredient azoxystrobin is widely used in agriculture and has negative effects for the environment and contained organisms. Bacterial strains have been reported to degrade azoxystrobin, but precise methodologies for producing and storing these strains as potential biotechnological products are lacking. The study focused on creating and optimising a non-sterile, small-scale microbial fermentation protocol to produce azoxystrobin-degrading products and to test their shelf life. By testing 14 variants and sampling at three production and two storage time points, the trial demonstrated the successful production and storage of microbial products capable of pesticide degradation. Various measurement parameters such as pH value and organic acids were used to monitor the quality of the microbial products during the production and storage. Further, we developed and validated qPCR assays to rapidly and specifically assess the concentration of the two azoxystrobin degrading strains, namely Bacillus subtilis strain MK101 and Rhodococcus fascians strain MK144. To ensure good specificity, the combination of two qPCR assays targeting two different genome regions was implemented for each strain. The study highlights the significant impact of media selection and bacterial inoculum quantity on the microbial product quality.
Prevention and Management of Malnutrition in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mancin Stefano , Khadhraoui Sara , Starace Erica , Cosmai Simone , Petrelli Fabio , Sguanci Marco , Cangelosi Giovanni , Mazzoleni Beatrice
Published: September 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is linked to altered nutritional status due to increased catabolism, leading to muscle mass loss. This study aims to identify and map available evidence regarding multidisciplinary interventions focused on prevention, diagnosis and nutrition education, as well as the role of diet, to prevent and manage malnutrition in patients with COPD. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Cochrane, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This study adhered to the Arksey and O’Malley framework and JBI methodology. Results: Of the 1761 records identified, 15 were included. Evidence suggests that the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Mini Nutritional Assessment are the most suitable screening scale. Guidelines have highlighted that personalized nutritional counseling is a very common intervention as it allows for a consideration of all physical, psychological, and social aspects of the patient. Conclusions: The role of healthcare professionals is crucial in the early identification of nutrition-related issues and in educating patients about the prevention and management of malnutrition, both in hospital and community settings. Key aspects include early malnutrition detection, personalized counseling and patient education, and a multidisciplinary approach. These findings provide a foundation for developing of targeted patient educational initiatives to improve the nutritional management of COPD patients.
Snow Avalanche Susceptibility Mapping of Transportation Corridors Based on Coupled Certainty Factor and Geodetector Models
Authors: Liu Jie , Sun Xiliang , Guo Qiang , Yang Zhiwei , Wang Bin , Yao Senmu , Xie Haiwei , Hu Changtao
Published: September 2024

Avalanche susceptibility assessment is a core aspect of regional avalanche early warning and risk analysis and is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation on proposed highways. Using sky–ground integration investigation, 83 avalanche points within the G219 Wen Quan to Horgos transportation corridor were identified, and the avalanche hazard susceptibility of the transportation corridor was partitioned using the certainty factor (CF) model and the coupled coefficient of the certainty factor–Geodetector (CF-GD) model. The CF model analysis presented nine elements of natural conditions which influence avalanche development; then, by applying the Geodetector for each of the factors, a weighting coefficient was given depending on its importance for avalanche occurrence. The results demonstrate the following: (1) According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve used to verify the accuracy, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for the CF-GD coupled model is 0.889, which is better than the value of 0.836 of the CF model’s evaluation accuracy, and the coupled model improves the accuracy by about 6.34% compared with the single model, indicating that the coupled model is more accurate. The results provide avalanche prevention and control recommendations for the G219 Wen Quan to Horgos transportation corridor. (2) The slope orientation, slope gradient, and mean winter temperature gradient are the main factors for avalanche development in the study area. (3) The results were validated based on the AUC values. The AUCs of the CF-GD coupled model and the CF model were 0.889 and 0.836, respectively. The accuracy of the coupled model was improved by about 6.34% compared to the single model, and the coupled CF-GD model was more accurate. The results provide avalanche control recommendations for the G219 Wen Quan to Horgos transportation corridor.
Characterizations of Spatial Quaternionic Partner-Ruled Surfaces
Authors: Ersoy Soley , Eren Kemal , Çalışkan Abdussamet
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate the spatial quaternionic expressions of partner-ruled surfaces. Moreover, we formulate the striction curves and dralls of these surfaces by use of the quaternionic product. Furthermore, the pitches and angles of pitches are interpreted for the spatial quaternionic ruled surfaces that are closed. Additionally, we calculate the integral invariants of these surfaces using quaternionic formulas. Finally, the partner-ruled surfaces of a given spatial quaternionic ruled surface are demonstrated as an example, and their graphics are drawn.
Feeding Behavior, Gut Microbiota, and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Individual Growth Differences in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Authors: Ye Qi , Gao Chuang , Xiao Haoran , Ruan Shuchao , Wang Yongjie , Li Xiaonan , Chang Yaqing , Zhao Chong , Wang Heng , Han Bing , Ding Jun
Published: September 2024

Growth differentiation among farmed sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) poses a significant challenge to aquaculture, with there being a limited understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, sea urchins with varying growth rates, reared under identical conditions, were analyzed for feeding behavior, gut microbiota, and transcriptomes. Large-sized sea urchins demonstrated significantly higher feeding ability and longer duration than smaller ones. The dominant phyla across all size groups were Campylobacterota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, with Campylobacterota showing the highest abundance in small-sized sea urchins (82.6%). However, the families Lachnospiraceae and Pseudomonadaceae were significantly less prevalent in small-sized sea urchins. Transcriptome analysis identified 214, 544, and 732 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the large vs. medium, large vs. small, and medium vs. small comparisons, respectively. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses associated DEGs with key processes such as steroid biosynthesis, protein processing within the endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Variations in phagosomes and signaling pathways indicated that size differences are linked to disparities in energy expenditure and stress responses. These findings provide a foundation for future investigations into the regulatory mechanisms underlying growth differences in S. intermedius and provide clues for the screening of molecular markers useful to improve sea urchin production.
Study of Liposomes Containing Extract from the Leaves of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March in Animals Submitted to a Mutagenic Model Induced by Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Patias Naiéle Sartori , Sinhorin Valéria Dornelles Gindri , Ferneda Ana Júlia Lopes Braga , Ferneda João Maurício Andrade , Sugui Marina Mariko , Ferrarini Stela Regina , Bomfim Gisele Facholi , Lopes Joaz Wellington , Antoniassi Nadia Aline Bobbi , Cavalheiro Larissa , Domingues Nelson Luís de Campos , Sinhorin Adilson Paulo
Published: September 2024

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent used as a chemotherapy agent in the treatment of cancer, but it has immunosuppressive effects. Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) is a plant rich in triterpenes and flavonoids, with some bioactive and therapeutic properties presented in the literature. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the chemoprotective potential of P. heptaphyllum extract inserted into liposomes against oxidative damage chemically induced by CPA. Male Swiss mice received 1.5 mg/kg of P. heptaphyllum liposomes as a pre-treatment for 14 consecutive days (via gavage) and 100 mg/kg of CPA in a single dose (via intraperitoneal) on the 15th day. After the experimental period, blood and organ samples were collected for histopathological and biochemical analyses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ascorbic acid (ASA), carbonyl protein, cytokine measurement, and micronucleus testing. The results showed that liposomes containing P. heptaphyllum extract have an antimutagenic effect against damage induced to DNA by CPA, and that they also protect against oxidative stress, as verified by the increase in the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx. The improvement in alkaline phosphatase and creatinine markers suggests a beneficial effect on the liver and kidneys, respectively. However, the depletion of GSH in the liver and brain suggests the use of antioxidants for the metabolism of molecules generated in these tissues. In general, these data show good prospects for the use of P. heptaphyllum liposomes as a cancer chemoprotective agent, as well as possible antioxidant action, conceivably attributed to the flavonoids present in the plant extract.
The Endocannabinoid Peptide RVD-Hemopressin Is a TRPV1 Channel Blocker
Authors: Suárez-Suárez Constanza , González-Pérez Sebastián , Márquez-Miranda Valeria , Araya-Duran Ingrid , Vidal-Beltrán Isabel , Vergara Sebastián , Carvacho Ingrid , Hinostroza Fernando
Published: September 2024

Neurotransmission is critical for brain function, allowing neurons to communicate through neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. RVD-hemopressin (RVD-Hp), a novel peptide identified in noradrenergic neurons, modulates cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Unlike hemopressin (Hp), which induces anxiogenic behaviors via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation, RVD-Hp counteracts these effects, suggesting that it may block TRPV1. This study investigates RVD-Hp’s role as a TRPV1 channel blocker using HEK293 cells expressing TRPV1-GFP. Calcium imaging and patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that RVD-Hp reduces TRPV1-mediated calcium influx and TRPV1 ion currents. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations indicated that RVD-Hp interacts with TRPV1’s selectivity filter, forming stable hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts, thus preventing ion permeation. These findings highlight RVD-Hp’s potential as a therapeutic agent for conditions involving TRPV1 activation, such as pain and anxiety.
Application of CoLD-CoP to Detecting Competitively and Cooperatively Binding Ligands
Authors: Patnala Shiva V. , Robles Roberto , Snyder David A.
Published: September 2024

NMR utilization in fragment-based drug discovery requires techniques to detect weakly binding fragments and to subsequently identify cooperatively binding fragments. Such cooperatively binding fragments can then be optimized or linked in order to develop viable drug candidates. Similarly, ligands or substrates that bind macromolecules (including enzymes) in competition with the endogenous ligand or substrate are valuable probes of macromolecular chemistry and function. The lengthy and costly process of identifying competitive or cooperative binding can be streamlined by coupling computational biochemistry and spectroscopy tools. The Clustering of Ligand Diffusion Coefficient Pairs (CoLD-CoP) method, previously developed by Snyder and co-workers, detects weakly binding ligands by analyzing pairs of diffusion spectra, obtained in the absence and the presence of a protein. We extended the CoLD-CoP method to analyze spectra pairs (each in the presence of a protein) with or without a critical ligand, to detect both competitive and cooperative binding.
Frictional Properties of Biomimetic Micro-Hexagonal-Textured Surfaces Interacting with Soft Counterfaces under Dry and Wet Conditions
Authors: Qatmeera Zain Eldin , Bajjaly Agnes , Kasem Haytam
Published: September 2024

Biomimetic micro-hexagonal-textured surfaces have sparked interest for their application in fields that demand high friction and adhesion, such as micro-robotics and biomedicine. Despite extensive research conducted on this specific microstructure, its friction behavior against soft counterfaces remains a topic that has not been fully investigated yet. This study examines how micro-hexagon textures behave when they come into contact with engineered and biological materials like gelatin and chicken skin in dry and wet conditions. The results show clearly that under dry contact conditions, flat surfaces generate higher friction compared to hexagon micropattern surfaces. Under wet conditions, hexagon micropattern surfaces generate higher friction compared to flat surfaces. In wet conditions specifically, the static coefficient of friction is up to 13 times greater than that of a flat specimen against glass, up to 11 times greater against gelatin, and up to 6 times greater against chicken skin. For the dynamic coefficient of friction, the patterned surface demonstrates a maximum increase by a factor of 28 against glass, 11 against gelatin, and 5 against chicken skin. These results further develop our knowledge of these hexagon micropattern surfaces and pave the way for their utilization in future technological advancements in which soft and wet counterfaces are to be considered, such as in biomedical applications that can benefit from increased friction in wet conditions for better control and stability.
Scoping Review on the Use of Music for Emotion Regulation
Authors: Chong Hyun Ju , Kim Hyeon Joo , Kim Bohyun
Published: September 2024

With increasing interest in the emotional responses to music, some studies are specifically looking into music’s regulatory function on emotion, known as “music emotion regulation (MER)”. The purpose of this study was to examine the concepts on the regulatory impact of music on emotion using a scoping review procedure. Through an electronic database and manual searches based on the guidelines suggested by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, a total of 47 studies were identified and included for analysis. The results showed that there were some definitional challenges in each component of music emotion regulation. Most studies treated music as a single variable without exploring the regulatory mechanism of the intra-musical elements that constitute music. When examining the regulatory impact of music on emotion, emotion was inclusive of other terms ranging from feeling to mood. Most of the MER studies employed the terms used in the emotion regulation strategies; however, there were some regulatory processes that pertained solely to music’s cathartic effect. Overall, the results showed that music emotion regulation (MER) was not clearly distinguished from music emotion (ME) studies. Future research should allocate more attention to the theoretical mechanism behind music’s intrinsic regulatory effect in emotion regulation (MER) studies.