bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular Diversity in Human Subgenual Anterior Cingulate and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex by Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing
Authors: Kim Billy , Kim Dowon , Schulmann Anton , Patel Yash , Caban-Rivera Carolina , Kim Paul , Jambhale Ananya , Johnson Kory R. , Feng Ningping , Xu Qing , Kang Sun Jung , Mandal Ajeet , Kelly Michael , Akula Nirmala , McMahon Francis J. , Lipska Barbara , Marenco Stefano , Auluck Pavan K.
Published: April 2023

Regional cellular heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of the human neocortex; however, details of this heterogeneity are still undefined. We used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to examine cell-specific transcriptional features in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), regions implicated in major psychiatric disorders. Droplet-based nuclei-capture and library preparation were performed on replicate samples from 8 male donors without history of psychiatric or neurologic disorder. Unsupervised clustering identified major neural cell classes. Subsequent iterative clustering of neurons further revealed 20 excitatory and 22 inhibitory subclasses. Inhibitory cells were consistently more abundant in the sgACC and excitatory neuron subclusters exhibited considerable variability across brain regions. Excitatory cell subclasses also exhibited greater within-class transcriptional differences between the two regions. We used these molecular definitions to determine which cell classes might be enriched in loci carrying a genetic signal in genome-wide association studies or for differentially expressed genes in mental illness. We found that the heritable signals of psychiatric disorders were enriched in neurons and that, while the gene expression changes detected in bulk-RNA-sequencing studies were dominated by glial cells, some alterations could be identified in specific classes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Intriguingly, only two excitatory cell classes exhibited concomitant region-specific enrichment for both genome-wide association study loci and transcriptional dysregulation. In sum, by detailing the molecular and cellular diversity of the DLPFC and sgACC, we were able to generate hypotheses on regional and cell-specific dysfunctions that may contribute to the development of mental illness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDysfunction of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in mood disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, and the dorsolateral PFC, a subsection of the PFC involved in executive functioning, has been implicated in schizophrenia. Understanding the cellular composition of these regions is critical to elucidating the neurobiology underlying psychiatric and neurologic disorders. We studied cell type diversity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral PFC of humans with no neuropsychiatric illness using a clustering analysis of single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data. Defining the transcriptomic profile of cellular subpopulations in these cortical regions is a first step to demystifying the cellular and molecular pathways involved in psychiatric disorders.
CSMD3Deficiency Leads to Motor Impairments and Autism-Like Behaviors via Dysfunction of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Mice
Authors: Xi Ke , Cai Si-Qing , Yan Hui-Fang , Tian Yue , Cai Jie , Yang Xiao-Mei , Wang Jing-Min , Xing Guo-Gang
Published: April 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with highly heritable heterogeneity. Mutations of CUB and sushi multiple domains 3 (CSMD3) gene have been reported in individuals with ASD. However, the underlying mechanisms of CSMD3 for the onset of ASD remain unexplored. Here, using maleCSMD3knock-out (CSMD3−/−) mice, we found that genetic deletion ofCSMD3produced core autistic-like symptoms (social interaction deficits, restricted interests, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors) and motor dysfunction in mice, indicating that theCSMD3gene can be considered as a candidate for ASD. Moreover, we discovered that the ablation ofCSMD3in mice led to abnormal cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) morphology in Crus I/II lobules, including aberrant developmental dendritogenesis and spinogenesis of PCs. Furthermore, combiningin vivofiber photometry calcium imaging andex vivoelectrophysiological recordings, we showed that theCSMD3−/−mice exhibited an increased neuronal activity (calcium fluorescence signals) in PCs of Crus I/II lobules in response to movement activity, as well as an enhanced intrinsic excitability of PCs and an increase of excitatory rather than inhibitory synaptic input to the PCs, and an impaired long-term depression at the parallel fiber–PC synapse. These results suggest that CSMD3 plays an important role in the development of cerebellar PCs. Loss of CSMD3 causes abnormal PC morphology and dysfunction in the cerebellum, which may underlie the pathogenesis of motor deficits and core autistic-like symptoms inCSMD3−/−mice. Our findings provide novel insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms by whichCSMD3mutations cause impairments in cerebellar function that may contribute to ASD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with highly heritable heterogeneity. Advances in genomic analysis have contributed to numerous candidate genes for the risk of ASD. Recently, a novel giant geneCSMD3encoding a protein with CUB and sushi multiple domains (CSMDs) has been identified as a candidate gene for ASD. However, the underlying mechanisms ofCSMD3for the onset of ASD remain largely unknown. Here, we unravel that loss ofCSMD3results in abnormal morphology, increased intrinsic excitabilities, and impaired synaptic plasticity in cerebellar PCs, subsequently leading to motor deficits and ASD-like behaviors in mice. These results provide novel insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms by whichCSMD3mutations cause impairments in cerebellar function that may contribute to ASD.
4–10 éves magyar gyermekek tápanyagbeviteli és tápláltsági állapotának felmérése
Authors: Sárga Diána , Biró Lajos , Kiss-Tóth Bernadett , Veresné Bálint Márta
Published: April 2023

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A gyermekkori elhízás egyre növekvő
tendenciát mutat világszerte, ami nagy népegészségügyi kihívást jelent. Ezért
elengedhetetlen az orvosok, egészségügyi szakemberek összefogása, a különféle
egészségfejlesztő és -megőrző programok, a tápláltsági állapotra és táplálkozási
szokásokra irányuló kutatások. Módszer: Reprezentatív
vizsgálatot végeztünk hazai 4–10 éves gyerekek körében nem, kor, településméret,
régió szerint. A vizsgálatban 733 értékelhető kérdőívet és 666 táplálkozási
naplót dolgoztunk fel. A táplálkozási szokásokat háromnapos táplálkozási
naplóval vizsgáltuk; a tápláltsági állapot meghatározásához minden gyermeknél
testtömeg- és testmagasság-méréseket végeztünk. Az adatokat statisztikai
módszerekkel elemeztük. Eredmények: A túlsúly és az elhízás
aránya 23% a felmért gyerekek körében. Az energiabevitel szignifikáns mértékben
különbözik az egyes testtömegindex-csoportok között. A gyerekek körében túlzott
a zsírbevitel (34,2 energia%), a telítettzsírsav-bevitel meghaladja az ajánlott
10 energia%-ot, kedvezőtlen az ómega-zsírsavak aránya, magas a
koleszterinbevitel. A szénhidrátból származó energia átlaga jelentősen elmarad
az ajánlott 57 energia%-tól. A hozzáadott cukorból származó energia átlaga 11
energia%, mely a gyerekek 52%-át érinti. Alacsony rostbevitelük (19,4 g/nap)
hátterében többek között a kevés zöldség-gyümölcs (263 g/nap) és teljes értékű
gabona fogyasztása áll. A mikrotápanyagok közül a nátriumbevitel meghaladja az
ajánlott mennyiség közel 3–4-szeresét. A gyerekek 35%-ának kritikus határérték
alatti a kalciumbevitele, aminek hátterében többek között a kedvezőtlen tej- és
tejtermékfogyasztás (290 g/nap) áll. A D-vitamin-bevitel a gyerekek 98–100%-ánál
alacsony volt. Következtetés: A hazai 4–10 éves gyerekek
tápláltsági állapota és tápanyagbevitele kedvezőtlen, az európai gyerekek,
serdülők, valamint a hazai felnőttek és gyerekek körében végzett vizsgálatok
eredményeihez hasonlóan. Nagyon fontos az átfogó intervenció, a gyerekek és a
felnőtt generáció edukációja az elhízás visszaszorítása érdekében. Orv Hetil.
2023; 164(14): 533–540.
Az alectinib és a tüdő kevert nagysejtes neuroendokrin carcinomája.
Authors: Hegedűs Fanni , Sükösd Farkas , Tiszlavicz László , Furák József , Pálföldi Regina , Fejes Zsuzsanna , Zombori Tamás
Published: April 2023

A kevert nagysejtes neuroendokrin carcinoma ritka, nem kissejtes morfológiájú
tüdőrák, melynek kezelésére kevés kutatás fókuszál. Ezen esetek patogenezisében
az anaplasticus lymphoma kináz (ALK) fúziós gén szerepe
ritkaság, ugyanakkor a mutáció jelenléte esetén az
ALK-inhibitorok ígéretes terápiás lehetőséget jelentenek a
citosztatikumok helyett. Az 52 éves, tünetmentes nőnél rutin
mellkasröntgenvizsgálat során térfoglaló folyamat merült fel, melyet a mellkasi
komputertomográfiás vizsgálat megerősített. A tumort lobectomia révén
eltávolították. A szövettani vizsgálat papillaris predomináns tüdő
adenocarcinomát igazolt, melyet posztoperatív kemoterápia és besugárzás
követett. 3 évvel később központi idegrendszeri tünetek miatt koponya képalkotó
vizsgálat történt, melynek során áttét igazolódott. Az agyi metasztázisok
eltávolításra kerültek. A szövettani vizsgálat nagysejtes neuroendokrin
carcinoma áttétét igazolta. Az áttét és a kimetszett tüdőrészlet metszeteinek
újbóli elemzése, illetve a molekuláris vizsgálat alapján
ALK-transzlokált, kevert, nagysejtes neuroendokrin carcinomát
kórisméztünk. Alectinib (Alecensa)-kezelés indult, melynek hatására az időközben
megjelent májáttétek regressziót mutattak. A kontroll radiológiai vizsgálatok a
kezelés kezdete óta eltelt 3 évben progressziót nem igazoltak. Az
ALK-transzlokáció kimutatása, illetve az
ALK-inhibitorok alkalmazásának kutatása elsősorban a tüdő
adenocarcinomákra helyezi a hangsúlyt. Esetismertetésünkkel arra szeretnénk
felhívni a figyelmet, hogy a kevert, adenocarcinoma-komponenst is tartalmazó,
neuroendokrin tumorok esetén is érdemes a ’driver’ mutációk vizsgálata, mivel a
célzott kezelés eredményes alternatívát jelenthet. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(14):
548–554.
Portraits and Challenges of Indonesia’s Modest Fashion Industry on the Halal Industry Competition in the World
Authors: Yuniastuti Viviyanti , Pratama Andrey Achmad
Published: April 2023

The Muslim population is spread all over the world, and the majority of Indonesia’s population is Muslim. The market segmentation for the halal industry, one of which is modest fashion, has a lot of competition globally. This study describes the development and challenges of Indonesia’s modest fashion industry in the global halal industry. The research method is qualitative with a descriptive approach, with data collected from reports and related documents. The results show the simple fashion sector score of Indonesia’s Global Islamic Economic Indicator increased from 2018 to 2021 and is ranked in the top 10. Similar development trends occurred in competing countries. Indonesia faces many challenges and stiff competition in the modest fashion sector of the halal industry, including accessing financing and international markets, meeting market needs, receiving government support/related policies, implementing technology in marketing, research and development, and setting competitive prices. However, Indonesia’s modest fashion sector is growing.
Using Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Technology in Seawater Desalination Processes
Authors: Hapsari Larasati Putri , Pranoto Aris Kabul , Rinjani Widi Ayu , Anasri Anasri , Anjani Ika , Rahman Abdul
Published: April 2023

Water is one of the basic needs for human life, including for people living on the coast. It is difficult to get clean water for consumption because most coastal areas are affected by sea conditions that have high salinity. In order to be consumed, the saline water must be desalinated. Desalination is a process to convert saline water into fresh water. One such desalination technology is using reverse osmosis (RO). The purpose of this study was to determine the process of desalination of seawater into freshwater using the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) method. The method used in this research is observation, which is to see directly the stages of the desalination process of seawater into fresh water. The data was obtained in the form of primary data from observations and secondary data from the literature to support primary data. Analysis of the data used in the form of descriptive analysis by describing each stage carried out in the SWRO process. The results showed that the seawater desalination process using SWRO technology had 14 stages. These stages include; intake, raw water pump, raw water reservoir, UF feed pump, Automatic screen, ultrafiltration, UF water reservoir, RO feed pump, HPP & booster, RO membrane, RO water reservoir, permeate pump, chlorine analyzer, product water. In developed and developing countries, SWRO units have been widely used, because by processing seawater into freshwater, there are many benefits for the life cycle and it is environmentally friendly. It also maintains underground fresh water so that it can provide plant life, and trees that provide us with clean oxygen for our lives.
A Review on Edible Fungi-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Preparation, Purification and Bioactivities
Authors: Zhou Tiantian , Li Qingwei , Zhao Ming , Pan Yu , Kong Xianghui
Published: April 2023

Edible fungi bioactive peptides (BAPs) are extracted from fruiting bodies and the mycelium of edible fungus. They have various physiological functions such as antioxidant activity, antihypertensive activity, and antibacterial activity. In this paper, the preparation and purification methods of edible fungus BAPs were reviewed, their common biological activities and structure-activity relationships were analyzed, and their application prospects were discussed.
Nutritional relationships between fish pelagic larvae and planktonic organisms in adjacent Kamchatka waters
Authors:   Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grigorev S.S. , Sedova N.A. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University
Published: April 2023

The nutritional relations between fish larvae and zooplankton organisms in marine waters off Kamchatka Peninsula based on the ichthyoplankton samples as well as changes in the diet of fish larvae in Kamchatka waters are considered. In spring, the most suitable food organisms for small fish larvae are polychaeta larvae, Cirripedia and Calanoida nauplii, small forms of copepods, mollusks, juveniles of amphipods. In early summer larvae of Polychaeta, nauplii of Cirripedia and Calanoida, small forms of Cladocera and Copepoda are also available. The main forage organisms for larger larvae are furcilia and calyptopis of euphausiids, small larvae of Decapoda. In the second half of summer, larger forms, mainly of the same organisms, are available for late larvae of many fishes. The relationship between the distribution of marine fish larvae and zooplankton organisms is shown. A list of available food organisms for fish larvae during pelagic development has been compiled. Three main trophic groups have been proposed.
Influence of heavy metals on population dynamics and photosynthetic apparatus of Alexandrium affine (Dinophyta)
Authors:   A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Markina Zh. V. , Ognistaya A.V. ,   A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,,   Far Eastern Federal University, Zinov A.A. ,   A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: April 2023

The effect of heavy metals: cadmium, lead, nickel (in concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/l), zinc and iron (50 and 100 μg/l) on the dynamics of population, cell morphology and photosynthetic apparatus (according to the content of photosynthetic pigments – chlorophyll a and carotenoids, chloroplast fluorescence) of Alexandrium affine dinophyte algae during 7 days. It was shown that cadmium had the most depressing effect on the algae: the number of cells decreased and did not recover by the end of the experiment. There was also a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The addition of lead led to a slight increase in the number of cells, while the content of photosynthetic pigments increased. The presence of nickel, iron andzinc in the medium provoked an increase in the number of cells, but the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids decreased. All metals led to changes in chloroplast fluorescence and morphological disorders of cells.
Illumina denature and dilute v1
Authors: R.S. Kruse Angela
Published: April 2023

This protocol describes the preparation of a library for Illumina NGS sequencing.
RNA Extraction Protocol for Leaves with High Content of Secondary Metabolites v1
Authors: Elias Bhering Barrios Wesley
Published: April 2023

Protocol used for extraction of total RNA from plant material rich in secondary metabolites.
GeoMx-NGSManual RNA Slide Preparation Protocol v1
Authors: R.S. Kruse Angela
Published: April 2023

This protocol describes the preparation of tissue samples for spatial transcriptomics via the Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler. Expected outcome: Tissue samples probed with RNA probes that are ready for subsequent spatial sampling.
Mortality in patients with COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19- related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A single center retrospective observational cohort study v2
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsiang
Published: April 2023

The pathophysiology of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) varies from other pneumonia-related ARDS. We evaluated whether the mortality rates differed for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19-related ARDS in the Asian population in 2021. This single center retrospective observational cohort study included patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19-related ARDS that required invasive mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ventilator-free days (VFDs) during the first 28 days. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to correct potential confounders by age, obesity or not, and ARDS severity.
Adverse Event Reporting(Part 7 of "Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain") v1
Authors: Lin Yiting
Published: April 2023

This is Part 7 of "Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain". Physical activities have little risk of heart attack and other life-threatening conditions. During the test and trial, if there are adverse reactions such as acute aggravation of neck pain, the test or intervention will be stopped immediately, and emergency treatment will be conducted.
GeoMx-NGS Readout Library Preparation v1
Authors: R.S. Kruse Angela
Published: April 2023

This protocols describes the preparation of a library for Illumina NGS sequencing from Nanostring GeoMx DSP aspirate samples.
La transferencia literaria en Slow Learner de Thomas Pynchon
Authors: Skare Nils Goran
Published: April 2023

En este artículo se explora el concepto de transferencia del psicoanálisis en el ámbito de la teoría literaria. Formulamos el concepto de transferencia por medio de la enseñanza de Jacques Lacan. Una vez realizado esto, procedemos a la lectura de Slow Learner de Thomas Pynchon teniendo en cuenta la operacionalidad de este fenómeno. Localizamos un síntoma en/de nuestra lectura, problematizamos la transferencia literaria y argumentamos que el inconsciente es aquello que no deja de no escribirse. Discutimos esa formulación y exploramos la escritura como sinthome. Concluimos con la discusión sobre la transferencia negativa y nos abrimos a la importancia política de la literacidad.
TikTok and Political Communication: The Latest Frontier of Politainment? A Case Study
Authors: Cervi Laura , Tejedor Santiago , Blesa Fernando García
Published: April 2023

TikTok is without any doubt the most popular social media among Gen Zers. Originally born as a lip-syncing app, it can be exploited in different ways; as such, it represents a new fertile space for political communication. In this vein, previous studies have shown that politicians all over the planet are joining the platform as a tool to connect with younger audiences. This study examines the use of TikTok in the last presidential elections in Peru. Following an affordance-based approach, we analyze all the TikToks published by the main candidates (Pedro Castillo, Keiko Fujimori, Rafael Lopez Aliaga, Hernando de Soto, and George Forsyth) during the electoral campaign, to understand if and how candidates have integrated this platform as part of their electoral strategy and what kind of content they publish and share. Through a content analysis that combines quantitative and qualitative elements, we demonstrate that, although all the analyzed politicians have opened TikTok accounts, they do not seem to take full advantage of the platform’s affordances displaying a top-down communication style with almost no deliberative nor participative intentions. Political issues are almost absent since the platform is mostly used to display their personal life and enhance their political persona, with most of the content displaying a clear entertaining dimension. Some differences are discussed but, in general, results reveal that Peruvian candidates use TikTok almost uniquely for politainment.
Symbolism of the armorial frieze of the middle of the 13th century on the butt of the armorial hall of Gozzoburg, Krems, Lower Austria
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Rodikova Oksana
Published: April 2023

Since in the Middle Ages the ability to read and write was mainly reserved for monks and thus only for a very small part of the population, there was a need for an alternative form of identification. This was expressed in the spread of coats of arms. Heraldic signs were used in different ways and found application on armor and shields in military conflicts, as well as at festivals, tournaments, and competitions, on houses, flags, and fabrics. If someone wore a coat of arms, they could be assigned to a certain group. Family coats of arms had legal significance as a symbol of the status and legal rights of their bearers. In addition, coats of arms became an integral part of imperial and royal courts. Since the late Middle Ages, coats of arms have been used to publicly mark property rights, for example, on buildings, boundary stones or maps, and as decor. Armorial halls were and still are partly representative rooms. One example of such a hall of arms from the early thirteenth century is the Gozzoburg in Krems, Lower Austria. The process of identifying coats of arms, their dating, affiliation, and place in the visual concept is the central issue of this study. As we will see, the core of the coat of arms frieze is the figure of King Otokar II, although Gozzoburg never belonged to him. The western wall shows the lands that belonged to the king, and the other three walls show his spheres of influence. Thus, on the North wall are the coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, on the South wall – coats of arms from outside the empire. The concept on the Eastern Wall, as well as several unidentified coats of arms, remains an open question even after identification. Comparing the scarce information about the owner of the house with the heraldic program, we realize that Gozzo was one of the king’s closest associates and owed him his status and position. He wanted to emphasize this connection publicly to demonstrate his authority to visitors to the house. The analysis of coats of arms is a valuable auxiliary tool in understanding this medieval hierarchy.
Russian Anti-Offshore Policy: Current Regulation and Perspectives
Authors: Kanashevskiy V. A.
Published: April 2023

The paper outlines the regulatory landscape of an anti-offshore policy in Russia. In the first part of this paper, the author gives an overview of effective regulations against offshore businesses that Russia has adopted in the past decade. The CFC rules were developed and subsequently passed because of Russia’s participation in the BEPS project. They are of the highest importance for the implementation of the anti-offshore policy. Other measures include transfer-pricing rules, registers of beneficial owners, exchange of financial information and revision of double tax treaties with Cyprus, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Switzerland. Sanctions imposed by the EU, the USA, the UK and their allies against Russia, Russian individuals and companies in 2022 and counter-measures against Western countries and their residents introduced by Russian authorities also stimulate deoffshorization of the Russian economy. They have limited the free movement of capital between offshore holding companies and their Russian subsidiaries and, consequently, have contributed to the isolation of the Russian economy from the rest of the world, including its offshore infrastructure. The second part of the paper deals with the proposals for the Russian anti-offshore policy. The author shares his ideas on how to make the policy for deoffshorization of the Russian economy more effective. A few of these anti-offshore actions have already been implemented in draft laws and are currently being considered in the Russian Parliament. All of the measures that are being considered would result in unfavourable tax implications and possible damage to the reputations of those Russian individuals and organizations who still use offshore companies and trusts for the purposes of minimizing taxation and maintaining anonymity. The most important action proposed by the author for the implementation of the anti-offshore policy is the forced deoffshorization of strategic enterprises. Passing the relevant law would entail fundamental changes to the Russian business environment and result in the restoration of economic sovereignty over the Russian economy.
Judicial Activism as an Essential Tool for the Protection and Expansion of Human Rights in India
Authors: Singh V. P.
Published: April 2023

The Indian judiciary has been the sentinel of democracy and assiduously upholds the values of Indian constitutionalism. Thus, the Court is the interpreter, protector, and guardian of the Indian Constitution. The active and trustworthy role of the judiciary makes it the country’s only institution whose acceptability seems to be a national consensus. This paper discusses that judicial activism is a part of judicial review and does not violate the doctrine of separation of powers; instead, it protects and promotes constitutionalism. Further, this paper illustrates that judicial activism has played a vital role in protecting and promoting human rights in India.
Hypothesis testing using R
Authors: Blokhin Ivan A. , Kodenko Maria R. , Shumskaya Yuliya F. , Gonchar Anna P. , Reshetnikov Roman V.
Published: April 2023

Competencies in statistical data processing are becoming increasingly important for modern scientists. The apparent advantages of open-source software for statistical analysis are its accessibility and adaptability. The programming language and the corresponding software R, available as a minimalistic console interface or a complete development environment RStudio/Posit, have the widest possibilities among free solutions.
We present a practical guide for comparing two groups using the software R. This study compares the effective doses of standard computed tomography with low-dose computed tomography for COVID-19 patients. The practical guide summarizes theoretical approaches to medical data processing and recommendations for correctly formulating research tasks and selecting optimal statistical analysis methods.
The main goal of the practical guide is to introduce the reader to the Posit interface and the basic functionality of the R language by using a practical example of treating a real medical problem. The presented material can be useful as an introduction to statistical analysis using the programming language R.
Analysis of the clinical course, complications and causes of mortality at the onset of the primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis
Authors: Chudinov Anton L. , Belyaeva Irina B. , Mazurov Vadim I. , Inamova Oksana V.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis is a significant problem of practical healthcare due to a severe progressive clinical course and a high risk of complications, including life-threatening damage.
AIM: To evaluate the features of the clinical course of primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis during the first 3 years of the disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 232 patients with primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis, who were hospitalized in Saint Petersburg clinics from 2010 to 2018. The features of the clinical course, complications, causes of mortality during the first 3 years of the disease were assessed.
RESULTS: The cohort of patients with рrimary necrotizing systemic vasculitis consisted of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 94), microscopic polyangiitis (n = 46), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 69), polyarteritis nodosa (n = 23). The highest values of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score index were noted among patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis (21.4 and 21.5 points, respectively). Patients with microscopic polyangiitis were significantly more likely to develop chronic kidney disease (C3aC5 stages) compared to other primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis (p 0.001). We established that the average value of the Vasculitis Damage Index after 36 months of the disease was highest in the group of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (4.7 points) and significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator at the same period of the disease in the group of patients with microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa (3.8, 2.7 and 3.1 points, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: The most unfavorable prognosis among primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis during the first 3 years of the disease was noted in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which is reflected in the high level of the Vasculitis Damage Index that shows the number of irreversible organ lesions.
Modification of the course of post-COVID syndrome associated with reactivation of chronic persistent Epstein−Barr virus infection and chronic nasopharyngotonsillitis of mixed etiology
Authors: Neverov Vladimir A.
Published: April 2023

A wide range of symptoms that occur in patients with post-COVID syndrome can include both manifestations of the clinical consequences of COVID-19 and symptoms of an exacerbation of a chronic pathology that they had before the development of coronavirus infection. Correct assessment of clinical data can help determine the origin of the existing manifestations of the disease and build a plan for adequate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
In the article, on the example of a clinical case, a variant of the modified (exacerbation of chronic pathology) course of the post-COVID syndrome was analyzed. An example of modern laboratory diagnostics of reactivation of chronic persistent EpsteinBarr virus infection and exacerbation of chronic nasopharyngotonsillitis of mixed viral-bacterial-mycotic etiology, developed against the background of post-COVID syndrome, is given. The principles of therapy for this comorbid condition are presented and explained.
The concept of pre-COPD: development and feasibility in primary health care
Authors: Andreeva Elena A. , Pokhaznikova Marina A. , Turusheva Anna V. , Popov Vladimir V. , Kuznetsova Olga Y.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often not diagnosed as a preventable disease. The primary physician needs a diagnostic tool to detect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at an early stage.
AIM: To develop the concept of early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through a diagnostic tool that stratifies patients according to the risk of disease development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Random sample of persons 3570 years from the lists provided by 15 polyclinics of Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk (cross-sectional study, n = 2388). Cohort prospective study (respondents with fixed or variable obstruction, n = 167). All respondents were asked about demographic data, smoking history, risk factors, and the presence of symptoms. Spirometry with a bronchodilator was performed for all participants.
RESULTS: Fixed obstruction was found in 6.8% of the participants in the first phase; obstruction was associated with male sex, smoking status over 10 packs/years, age over 55 years, chronic cough and shortness of breath. Of the 65 members of the cohort with variable obstruction, 23.1% had a fixed obstruction after a year, the risk factors of which were a smoking status of more than 10 packs/years, a night cough and forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than lower limit of normal.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the two phases of the study, a diagnostic tool was developed for the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general population by identifying a group of people with preserved lung function and high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease factors.
Healthy aging and oral health
Authors: Frolova Elena V. , Turusheva Anna V. , Trezubov Vladimir N. , Rozov Roman A. , Kabanov Maxim Y. , Gvetadze Ramaz S. , Arutyunov Sergey D.
Published: April 2023

Currently, much attention is paid to healthy aging and aspects affecting it, such as, for example, oral health. Oral health determines the social, physical and mental well-being of an elderly person. A large proportion of the dentists patients are elderly people with numerous concomitant chronic somatic diseases who regularly take numerous medications. Along with this, this category of people is characterized by specific dental symptoms and syndromes. The review analyzes geriatric syndromes associated with oral health problems. It is proposed to include questionnaires to identify dental problems in a comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Study of the problems of ageism and assessment of attitudes towards age in the medical environment
Authors: Grigorovich Marina S. , Vychugzhanina Elena Y. , Limonova Elizaveta M. , Guloyan Karine D. , Podushkina Anastasia A. , Gvozdeva Irina A.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Ageism pervades all areas of life, including the areas of medical and social care. Gerontological ageism has a significant negative impact on indicators of physical, mental health, functional status and well-being of older people. In the conditions of an aging society, the study of the scale and characteristics of this problem in various spheres of life is very relevant.
AIM: To assess the prevalence of stereotypes of attitudes towards older age among primary health care physicians, senior students of a medical university and directly elderly people.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from 2018 to 2022, 538 people aged 20 to 75 were interviewed in 3 subgroups: 1) senior students of a medical university of medical specialties, 2) young and middle-aged primary health care doctors, 3) elderly people.
RESULTS: It was revealed that the opinions about the problems in this age period in the elderly and the beliefs of doctors and medical students often do not coincide.
CONCLUSIONS: When training medical personnel, it is necessary to form the correct attitude to age and skills of communicative competence with different age groups of patients.
The socioeconomic consequences of population ageing: aspects of modern challenges in the Russian Federation
Authors: Mabiala G. , Sukhareva I. A. , Linskiy D. V. , Trusevich E. V. , Shamilevа E. E.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: the article summarizes the key characteristics of the population ageing phenomenon and identifies the channels through which it has an impact on the demographic crisis parameters as well as the socioeconomic growth of the country.

Methods: the study is based on tracking the consequences associated with the phenomenon of population ageing. Simultaneously, computational and graphical methods, comparative and retrospective analysis of the sex and age pyramids, expert and empirical assessment of the trends in the structure of the population older than 60-65 years, as well as its economic burden per 1,000 able-bodied people, were used.

Results: the main parameters of the socioeconomic impacts of population ageing are determined. Age limits and essential features of this phenomenon are revealed. The forecast trend of socioeconomic parameters of population ageing is supported by the SWOT analysis matrix, and a conceptual model for the implementation of systematic adjustment measures for the ongoing demographic crisis is proposed.

Conclusions and Relevance: the article demonstrates that population ageing is not a fundamental socioeconomic problem that endangers the well-being of the population over working age. However, it has many negative consequences for the socioeconomic growth of the country that are still being researched; the real threats come not from population ageing as such, but from the existing disproportion in the workload of the population over 60-65 years old per 1,000 able-bodied population. Despite the relative parameters of the ageing trend in Russia, in the future, the life expectancy of the population will be 73.58-75.03 years.
Docência e covid-19: percepções de educadores da rede paulista de ensino
Authors: Grandisoli Edson , Jacobi Pedro Roberto , Marchini Silvio
Published: April 2023

O questionário “Educação, docência e a covid-19” foi criado e disponibilizado aos professores da rede paulista com o objetivo de investigar indicadores de ordem afetiva, de saúde mental e pedagógicos durante a pandemia. Participaram voluntariamente 19.221 professores. Os resultados apontam o medo da pandemia e professores inseguros sobre a tecnologia. Apesar disso, declaram-se engajados em aprender e com boa saúde mental. Ponto sensível é a percepção de que a aprendizagem é menor no formato remoto, ligada a questões de desigualdades de acesso. Conclui-se que os impactos na educação paulista foram relevantes e reforça-se a importância de mais avaliações sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem durante a pandemia abordando-se o conceito de sindemia.
Methodology of physical models parameters determining for seismic experiments
Authors: Zadoev A. Yu. , Petrochenko T. A. , Orlov Yu. A. , Duchkov A. A. , Mitrofanov G. M.
Published: April 2023

The issues of choosing materials for creating physical models into seismic exploration are considered. The main attention is paid to the correspondence of the acoustic parameters of the materials used in the preparation of the model to the properties of the rocks of the real medium. A technique is proposed for measuring the attenuation coefficient in materials that serve as the main elements of the formed physical model.
Growth, development and nitrogen nutrition of colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio under sustainably-constructed soil
Authors: Costa Magna Macedo , Aquino de Albuquerque Fabio , Trajano dos Santos José Aderaldo
Published: April 2023

Agroecological practices such as seed inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria and biofertilizers use have contributed to the development of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this work aimed to study the effect of biofertilizers and the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense on the growth, development, and mineral nutrition of colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio. Thus, we conducted an experiment with the following treatments: 1) control; 2) inoculation of cotton seeds with nitrogen-fixing bacterium A. brasilense (Nfixed); 3) treatment of seeds with biofertilizer (Bio) + subsequent applications; 4) (Nfixed) + subsequent applications of Bio; and 5) mineral fertilization. The results showed that agroecological practices increase plant growth; the root:aerial ratio increases with conventional agricultural practices such as mineral fertilization, which also provides a lower reproductive mass:vegetative mass ratio of the aerial parts; plants fertilized with mineral sources concentrate more nitrogen (N), crude protein, magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in their tissues; plants from seeds inoculated with A. brasilense accumulated more S when they received anaerobic biofertilizer compared with those that did not receive it; and agroecological practices improve soil fertility.
Solar Irradiance in the emergence and the initial development of Arabica coffee seedlings in the south of Goiás
Authors: CESAR CARDOSO DA SILVA AUGUSTO , Coutinho Givago , Siqueira Schroden Nomeli Quintiliano
Published: April 2023

The photosynthesis is considered the greatest physiological process of growth, being essential to the supply of raw material for the development of plants. This work was developed with the objective of evaluating shading meshes (35%, 50%, 80% light retention mesh and in full sun), in the emergence and development of Arabica coffee seedlings (Acaiá do Cerrado, Catuaí Amarelo and Mundo Novo), with three replications, totaling 36 experimental units. The plot consisted of 4 plants, totaling 144 plants. Initially, the percentage of seedling emergence and the emergence speed index (IVE) were evaluated. At 180 days, the plant height, stem diameter of the seedlings, leaf area index of the first fully expanded pair of leaves, root length and number of leaf pairs were evaluated, as well as dry and fresh root and shoot. It was concluded that the 35% shading mesh was the one that best favored the IVE of coffee seedlings. There was no significant difference between the shading grids and between the cultivars in relation to the percentage of seedling emergence and the initial development of seedlings for any of the characteristics evaluated. The production of coffee seedlings in full sun is not recommended in the southern region of the state of Goiás.
Assessing the sensitivity of the Nano-Biosensor Color Indicator as a method for identifying nosocomial infection reservoirs.
Authors: Ekrami Ali , Hosseini Mohammad-Ali , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud
Published: April 2023

Groundbreaking knowledge at the nanoscale has been developed in many functional and industrial situations. Nanoscale colour recognition sensors have been developed by researchers in order to offer new ways to identify harmful germs. This study objective was to evaluate the ability of nano-biosensors colour indicators to identify nosocomial infection reservoirs.
Method: The enquiry was conducted in a semi-experimental environment for a month. Samples were obtained both prior to and during standard disinfection. The final findings were described as both clean and infected. There were 400 cases in the sample, 10 different types of equipment were employed, and sampling was done.
Results: The results showed high contamination of the studied surfaces. Moreover, 55% of the samples were infected before disinfection, which was reduced to 36.5% after routine disinfection.
Conclusion: The findings show that this tool has the necessary sensitivity, and we can introduce it as a standard tool for microbial contamination in the future; however, the aim was not to identify the type of microorganism.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on the Physical Activity of Office Employees
Authors: Moazen Mohamad Ali , Salehiniya Hamid , Javadi Abbas
Published: April 2023

Background: Inactivity has a high contribution to premature deaths and non-communicable diseases.
Objectives: The study aimed to determine the effect of the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on physical activity among administrative staff in Birjand.
Methods: In this field trial, 69 employees of 4 offices in Birjand who were qualified to participate in the study were randomly divided into intervention (2 offices) and control (2 offices) groups. The intervention group participated in eight training sessions based on the theory of planned behavior. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire at three different times (before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and three months after the intervention). Then the data was analyzed using SPSS 19, independent t-tests, repeated analysis of variance, and chi-square. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: According to the results of the study, implementing the training program based on the theory of planned behavior three months after the study significantly increased the performance of a desirable physical activity in the employees of the intervention group (P = 0.005), 38.9 percent VS 9.1. This change was accompanied by a significant increase in the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (awareness, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention) in physical activity immediately or three months after the intervention. There was a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Conclusions: The implementation of an educational program based on the theory of planned behavior by increasing awareness, attitude, mental norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention can have a positive effect on increasing the amount of physical activity among employees, which can be used in training other health behaviors.
A Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Against Human IFN-γ and its Characters
Authors: Zaker Erfan , Zare Fateme , Hejazi Seyed Hossein , Khanahmad Hossein , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims: A monoclonal antibody (mAb) can unambiguously identify, quantify, and purify an antigen or particular epitope at a large scale. The superiority of these antibodies lies in their specificity for the antigenic determinant. So, this study aims to prepare mouse mAb-secreting hybridoma against human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and determine the produced antibody's characters.
Materials and Methods: Mouse splenic B lymphocytes immunized with recombinant human IFN-γ were fused with mouse SP2/0 cells. The hybridized cells were selected by hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine and hypoxanthine-thymidine media to obtain monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells. Finally, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and western blot were used to confirm the creation of antibody-secreting hybridoma cells.
Results: mAb against IFN-γ were produced by fusing SP2/0 mouse non-secretory myeloma cell line with the spleen cells of immunized mice. This antibody's indirect ELISA optical density was 2.055 on average, and the desired antibody bands were confirmed in SDS-PAGE compared to Septicol® (commercial antibody). Also, in the western blot, the desired antibody could bind to the antigen. IFN-γ transferred on nitrocellulose membrane. In ELISA and western blot tests, anti-mouse IgG conjugated antibodies were used; therefore, the mAb IgG isotype was taken into consideration.
Conclusion: In this study, a mouse mAb was obtained by immunization of Balb/C mice and fusion of spleen cells of these mice with the SP2/0 cells, which can specifically bind to recombinant human IFN-γ and can be used to detect IFN-γ secretion in all types of intracellular infections, including latent tuberculosis.