bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the role of information integration in the continued influence effect using an event segmentation approach
Authors: Sanderson Jasmyne A. , Farrell Simon , Ecker Ullrich K. H.
Published: July 2022

Misinformation regarding the cause of an event often continues to influence an individual’s event-related reasoning, even after they have received a retraction. This is known as the continued influence effect (CIE). Dominant theoretical models of the CIE have suggested the effect arises primarily from failures to retrieve the correction. However, recent research has implicated information integration and memory updating processes in the CIE. As a behavioural test of integration, we applied an event segmentation approach to the CIE paradigm. Event segmentation theory suggests that incoming information is parsed into distinct events separated by event boundaries, which can have implications for memory. As such, when an individual encodes an event report that contains a retraction, the presence of event boundaries should impair retraction integration and memory updating, resulting in an enhanced CIE. Experiments 1 and 2 employed spatial event segmentation boundaries in an attempt to manipulate the ease with which a retraction can be integrated into a participant’s mental event model. While Experiment 1 showed no impact of an event boundary, Experiment 2 yielded evidence that an event boundary resulted in a reduced CIE. To the extent that this finding reflects enhanced retrieval of the retraction relative to the misinformation, it is more in line with retrieval accounts of the CIE.
Deletion of SM22α disrupts the structure and function of caveolae and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes, contributing to heart failure
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Wei , Huang Yaomeng , Wu Haochen , Wang Jiabin , Han Mei
Published: July 2022

Aims

Smooth muscle 22-alpha (SM22α) is an actin-binding protein that plays critical roles in mediating polymerization of actin filaments and stretch sensitivity of cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Multiple lines of evidence indicate the existence of SM22α in cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated the effect of cardiac SM22α on the membrane architecture and functions of cardiomyocytes to pressure overload.

Methods

SM22α knock-out (KO) mice were utilized to assess the role of SM22α in the heart. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to induce heart failure, cell shortening properties were measured by IonOptix devices in intact cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments was measured in permeabilized cardiomyocytes. Confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques were used to perform functional and structural analysis.

Results

SM22α ablation did not alter cardiac function at baseline, but mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) were increased significantly compared with wild type (WT) controls. The membrane architecture was severely disrupted in SM22α KO cardiomyocytes, with disassembly and flattening of caveolae and disrupted T-tubules. Furthermore, SM22α was co-immunoprecipitated with caveolin-3 (Cav3), and the interaction between Cav3 and actin was significantly reduced in SM22α KO cells. SM22α KO cardiomyocytes displayed asynchronized SR Ca2+ release, significantly increased Ca2+ spark frequency. Additionally, the kinetics of sarcomere shortening was abnormal, accompanied with increased sensitivity and reduced maximum response of myofilaments to Ca2+ in SM22α KO cardiomyocytes. SM22α KO mice were more prone to heart failure after TAC.

Conclusions

Our findings identified that SM22α may be required for the architecture and function of caveolae and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes.
Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for postoperative ileus following gastrointestinal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Zi , Wei Xuqiang , Feng Shouquan , Gu Qunhao , Li Jing , Kuai Le , Luo Yue , Xi Ziqi , Wang Ke , Zhou Jia
Published: July 2022

Background

Postoperative ileus (POI) is an important complication of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Acupuncture has been increasingly used in treating POI. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for POI following GI surgery.

Methods

Seven databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang Data, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and related resources were searched from inception to May 30, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the acupuncture for POI in GI were included. The quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. A meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Eighteen RCTs involving 1413 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture could reduce the time to first flatus (TFF) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.54 to −0.73, P < 0.00001), time to first defecation (TFD) (SMD = −1.31, 95% CI: −1.88 to −0.74, P < 0.00001), time to bowel sounds recovery (TBSR) (SMD = −1.57, 95% CI: −2.14 to −1.01, P < 0.00001), and length of hospital stay (LOS) (mean difference [MD] = −1.68, 95% CI: −2.55 to −0.80, P = 0.0002) compared with usual care. A subgroup analysis found that acupuncture at distal acupoints once daily after surgery had superior effects on reducing TFF and TFD. A sensitivity analysis supported the validity of the finding. Acupuncture also manifested an effect of reducing TFF, TFD and TBSR compared with sham acupuncture but the result was not stable. Relatively few trials have reported whether adverse events have occurred.

Conclusions

Acupuncture showed a certain effect in reducing POI following GI surgery with very low-to-moderate quality of evidence. The overall safety of acupuncture should be further validated. More high-quality, large-scale, and multicenter original trials are needed in the future.
Frailty among people with multiple sclerosis who are wheelchair users
Authors: Zanotto Tobia , Rice Laura A. , Sosnoff Jacob J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Frailty is a biological syndrome arising from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems. Although recent reports have described elevated frailty levels in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) with minimal to moderate disability, very little is known about frailty in individuals with severe disability. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate frailty through the deficit accumulation model and to explore the relationship of frailty with MS clinical subtypes, disease duration and fall-history in wheelchair users living with MS.

Materials and methods

Standard validated procedures were used to calculate a frailty index in 45 wheelchair and scooter users living with MS (median age = 60.0[16.0] years, 82.2% female, patient determined disease steps score = 7.0). Information on demographics, MS clinical subtypes, disease duration, and six-month fall-history were collected as part of a standardized medical survey.

Results

The mean frailty index score was 0.54 (standard deviation = 0.13). Overall, 91.1% and 8.9% of participants met objective diagnostic criteria for severe and moderate frailty, respectively. A one-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences (F = 0.054, p = 0.948) in the frailty index among participants with relapsing-remitting MS, primary progressive, and secondary progressive MS. No relationship between frailty and disease duration (r = -0.058, p = 0.706) was found. A univariable negative binomial regression analysis revealed a significant association between frailty index scores and the number of falls experienced in the previous six months (IRR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.06–2.91], p = 0.030).

Conclusion

The current study suggests that individuals with MS with advanced disability also live with coexisting frailty and that the frailty index may be a valuable tool in evaluating fall-risk in wheelchair users living with MS. The significant overlap observed between severe disability and severe frailty highlights the emerging need to untangle this bi-directional relationship to identify appropriate therapeutic pathways in the MS population living with advanced disability.
Caspase-1-driven neutrophil pyroptosis and its role in host susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Santoni Karin , Pericat David , Gorse Leana , Buyck Julien , Pinilla Miriam , Prouvensier Laure , Bagayoko Salimata , Hessel Audrey , Leon-Icaza Stephen Adonai , Bellard Elisabeth , Mazères Serge , Doz-Deblauwe Emilie , Winter Nathalie , Paget Christophe , Girard Jean-Philippe , Pham Christine T. N. , Cougoule Céline , Poincloux Renaud , Lamkanfi Mohamed , Lefrançais Emma , Meunier Etienne , Planès Rémi
Published: July 2022

Multiple regulated neutrophil cell death programs contribute to host defense against infections. However, despite expressing all necessary inflammasome components, neutrophils are thought to be generally defective in Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. By screening different bacterial species, we found that several Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains trigger Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in human and murine neutrophils. Notably, deletion of Exotoxins U or S in P. aeruginosa enhanced neutrophil death to Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, suggesting that these exotoxins interfere with this pathway. Mechanistically, P. aeruginosa Flagellin activates the NLRC4 inflammasome, which supports Caspase-1-driven interleukin (IL)-1β secretion and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent neutrophil pyroptosis. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa-induced GSDMD activation triggers Calcium-dependent and Peptidyl Arginine Deaminase-4-driven histone citrullination and translocation of neutrophil DNA into the cell cytosol without inducing extracellular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Finally, we show that neutrophil Caspase-1 contributes to IL-1β production and susceptibility to pyroptosis-inducing P. aeruginosa strains in vivo. Overall, we demonstrate that neutrophils are not universally resistant for Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis.
Exploring the Changing Nature of Teachers’ Pedagogic Identities During the Delivery of Online Literacy Teaching
Authors:   The University of Sydney, Brosseuk Deb
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the interconnectedness between Australian teachers’ literacy practices and their pedagogic identity during the global pandemic. In doing so, the paper presents pedagogic identity as a dynamic, ever-evolving construct involving teachers and their teaching environment. Findings are reported from a case study of early years and primary teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. From teachers’ self-reported teaching experiences, we identify three orientations to pedagogic identity: The Driver; The Collaborator; and The Apprentice. Drawing on analytic work, the paper finds that the online delivery of literacy teaching brought opportunities for teachers to shift between pedagogic identities, allowing for rich pedagogic variation, and in consequence, demonstrate the pluralistic nature of pedagogic identity. This paper is of benefit to teachers, specifically beginning teachers as well as early career teachers, to help them better understand the changing nature of, and influences on, their pedagogic identity
Australian Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Food and Nutrition Education in Primary Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Deakin University, Aydin Gozde , Margerison Claire ,   Deakin University, Worsley Anthony ,   Deakin University, Booth Alison ,   Deakin University
Published: July 2022

Teacher delivered food and nutrition education (FNE) can be effective in improving children’s food literacy and eating habits. However, teachers are known to face some barriers to the delivery of FNE globally. To obtain a deeper understanding of Australian primary school teachers’ experiences and views, 17 teachers were interviewed. The results of the thematic analysis showed that teachers acknowledged the importance of FNE and were willing to include more FNE content into their teaching. We also identified the FNE topics taught, resources used, their teaching partners, and barriers encountered. The discussion presents strategies to overcome these barriers.
Australian Teachers’ Perception of their Preparedness to Teach Traumatised Students: A Systematic Literature Review.
Authors:   University of Queensland, Oberg Glenys , Bryce India ,   University of Southern Queensland
Published: July 2022

There are many studies documenting the negative impacts of trauma in childhood. However, despite schools and teachers being a known protective factor which have the potential to modify the negative impacts of complex trauma, limited research examining the perspectives of primary teachers working with traumatised children and their perceptions of preparedness to teach students living with complex trauma has been conducted. Thus a systematic literature review was conducted to collate and synthesise available empirical research on this topic. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and searches were conducted across academic databases for peer reviewed studies published between 2011 and 2022. Only articles which discussed complex trauma, teachers of primary-aged students, and perceptions of preparedness were included. Four articles were ultimately selected as meeting the criteria for review. The lack of available studies in this area is considered a notable finding in and of itself and highlights a need for further research into teacher experiences and perceptions as well as policies and protocols. The results of this review suggest a need for additional training, clarity regarding role of a teacher, support from colleagues and administration, and organisational self-care for school staff. The lack of trauma-specific training reported by teachers highlighted a need for trauma training for pre-service teachers as well as ongoing training for teachers already in the profession in order to assist traumatised students as well as the teachers who work with them.
Structural and Functional Insights of Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Anti-inflammatory
Candidate: A New Contender on Chronic and Acute SARS-CoV-2 Inflammation
and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins
Authors: Harshitha B.T. , Jayashankar J. , Anand A.P. , Sandeep S. , Jayanth H.S. , Karthik C.S. , Mallu P. , Haraprasad N. , Krishnamurthy N.B.
Published: July 2022

Thiazoles are notable five-membered heterocyclic rings and their moieties can be found in several
biologically active compounds of natural origin, as well as synthetic molecules that possess a wide
range of pharmacological activities. Inflammation is the common cause that is associated with different
disorders and diseases such as psoriasis, arthritis, infections, asthma, cancer, etc. In this article, the
synthesis pattern of these novel molecules are discussed and their anti-inflammatory activities against
cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were reviewed and
documented. The potent 26 thiazole analogs were validated with molecular docking against main protease
(6LU7) and spike binding domain ACE2 receptor (6M0J) to defeat from the COVID-19 infections.
Among this, THI-9a showed excellent binding energy and affinity against deadly SAR CoV-2. The
reviewed and theoretical study information strongly suggested that thiazole derivatives can be used for
the development of futuristic target drugs against death-causing diseases like SAR-CoV-2.
Recent Advances Review on Iron Complexes as Catalyst in
Oxidation Reactions of Organic Compounds
Authors: Selvi E. Thamarai , Kavinilavu G. , Subramani A.
Published: July 2022

The complexes of iron are found to be too reactive and are too diverse in their reactivity, when compared
to the other neighbouring metals in the group. Iron complexes are used in various catalytic reactions
such as oxygenation of C–H bonds, the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, ketones (or) carboxylic
acids, the epoxidation or dihydroxylation of alkenes and oxidative coupling reactions. Efforts are
taken to avoid certain disadvantages taking place during enzymatic catalysis such as the temperature
and solvent sensitivity, narrow substrate scope, restricted accessibility and so on observed while using
other catalysts via iron enzymes. This helped in the various synthesis of complex molecules by increase
in the number of iron catalyst systems for the oxidation reactions.
Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Survival in Compensated and Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Asrani Sumeet K. , Hall Lauren , Reddy Vikrant , Ogola Gerald , Izzy Manhal
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The burden of liver disease is substantial and increasing; the impact of comorbid chronic diseases on the clinical course of patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis is not well-defined. The aim of this study was to examine the individual and additive impact of comorbid chronic diseases on mortality in patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS:

In this population-based study, we used Cox proportional hazards modeling with time-dependent covariates to assess the impact of comorbid chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease [CVD]) on mortality in patients with cirrhosis in a large, diverse Metroplex.

RESULTS:

There were 35,361 patients with cirrhosis (mean age 59.5 years, 41.8% females, 29.7% non-White, and 17.5% Hispanic ethnicity). Overall, the presence of chronic comorbidities was 1 disease (28.9%), 2 diseases (17.5%), and 3 diseases (12.6%) with a majority having CVD (45%). Adjusted risk of mortality progressively increased with an increase in chronic diseases from 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–2.8) to 2 (HR 3.27.95% CI 2.9–3.69) to 3 (HR 4.52, 95% CI 3.99–5.12) diseases. Survival of patients with compensated cirrhosis and 3 chronic diseases was similar to subsets of decompensated cirrhosis (67.7% as compared with decompensated cirrhosis with 1–3 conditions, 61.9%–63.9%).

DISCUSSION:

In patients with cirrhosis, a focus on comorbid chronic disease(s) as potential management targets may help avoid premature mortality, regardless of etiology. Multidisciplinary care early in the clinical course of cirrhosis is needed in addition to the current focus on management of complications of portal hypertension.
Franquiciantes mexicanos. Una aproximación a las diferencias entre la supervivencia, el abandono y el fracaso
Authors:   Konrad Lorenz editores, Cortés Castillo María del Rosario , Saavedra García María Luisa
Published: July 2022

Introducción/objetivo: Durante la selección de una franquicia, el inversionista o futuro franquiciatario cuenta con datos de los franquiciantes mexicanos y extranjeros concentrados en los anuarios especializados del sector, cuyas publicaciones de carácter divulgativo expresan éxito y bonanza sobre todo en las marcas con espacios pagados. Este trabajo busca contribuir a la escasa literatura acerca de este tema de franquicias, por lo tanto, tiene como objetivo identificar y evaluar los factores que determinan la sobrevivencia, el abandono y el fracaso al operar el modelo de franquicias en el periodo 2010 al 2019 en el sector del comercio y servicios, en México, con el fin de contar con una fuente de análisis, además de la información disponible en el mercado que permita reducir los riesgos de inversión. Metodología: El alcance fue exploratorio, correlacional y explicativo con un diseño longitudinal, que abarca diez años, ex post facto evolutivo; con una recolección de datos de 8.125 franquiciantes mexicanos, de bases de datos de publicaciones especializadas y directas, estableciendo como variable dependiente la sobrevivencia y como variables independientes las características de los franquiciantes. Resultados: Con base en el análisis discriminante múltiple se encontraron diferencias notables entre las franquicias que sobrevivieron, fracasaron o abandonaron el modelo, en que resultaron significativas las variables de la edad antes de franquiciar, la afiliación a una asociación de franquicias y el porcentaje de regalías. Conclusiones: Las empresas deben considerar franquiciar en una etapa madura, buscar establecer redes empresariales y aceptar contratos con regalías que sean convenientes para la permanencia de la franquicia.
Correlation of The Concept of Property Rights in Islamic Law and KUHPerdata
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad Irkham
Published: July 2022

Abstract: The nature of property rights to an object in Islam is absolute belongs to Allah, human ownership is only majazi. It is different from the concept of property rights in KUHPerdata, that property rights are control over an object and take advantage of the object. However, the concept of property rights according to Islamic law and KUHPerdata has a very significant correlation. As in the causes and mechanisms of obtaining ownership rights in KUHPerdata, which must go through claims that are in line with the concept of Ihrazul Mubahat (creating permissibility) in Islam. Because the ownership of Participation/Attachment is in line with the concept of At-Tawalud min al-mamluk (with increase or birth). The concept of past time/expiration is in harmony with Al-Uqud (Testament). The concept of inheritance is in line with Al-Khalafiyat (Replacement) or the concept of inheritance. While the concept of surrender is in line with the concept of ownership in Islam, namely al-muhabat. Istila 'al-muhabat or the way of ownership through control of property. The correlation of property rights in Islamic law and KUHPerdata can also be proven by the arguments in the Qur'an and Hadith, so that it can strengthen the belief of the Muslim community to comply with the ownership rights laws listed in KUHPerdata.Abstrak: Hakekat hak milik terhadap suatu benda dalam Islam adalah mutlak milik Allah, kepemilikan manusia hanya bersifat majazi. Berbeda dengan konsep hak milik dalam KUHPerdata, bahwa hak milik adalah penguasaan terhadap suatu benda dan mengambil manfaat dari benda tersebut. Akan tetapi konsep hak milik menurut hukum Islam dan KUHPerdata memiliki kolerasi yang sangat signifikan. Sebagaimana dalam sebab dan mekanisme memperoleh hak kepemilikan pada KUHPerdata yang harus melalui pendakuan selaras dengan konsep Ihrazul Mubahat (menimbulkan kebolehan) dalam Islam. Sebab kepemilikan  Ikutan/Perlekatan selaras dengan konsep At-Tawallud min al-mamluk (dengan pertambahan atau kelahiran). Konsep lampaunya waktu/daluwarsa selaras dengan Al-Uqud (Perjanjian). Konsep pewarisan selaras dengan Al-Khalafiyat (Penggantian) atau konsep waris. Sedangkan konsep penyerahan selaras dengan konsep kepemilikan dalam Islam, yaitu al-muhabat. Istila’ al-muhabat atau cara kepemilikan melalui penguasaan terhadap harta. Kolerasi hak milik dalam hukum Islam dan KUPerdata tersebut juga dapat dibuktikan dengan dalil-dalil dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadist, sehingga dapat meperkuat keyakinan masyarakat muslim untuk mematuhi udang-undang hak kepemilikan yang tercantum dalam KUHPerdata.
Что ждет студентов после...
Authors: Амбарова Полина Анатольевна , Зборовский Гарольд Ефимович
Published: July 2022

В статье обсуждаются представления о будущем трудоустройстве и постобразовательной жизни студентов колледжей и вузов в зеркале «треугольника мнений» — самих студентов, их родителей, работодателей. Предметом исследования было влияние образовательной и трудовой деятельности студентов на их представления о будущей профессионально-трудовой жизни, а также оценка соответствия этих представлений реальности, отраженной в мнениях родителей и работодателей. Анализ базируется на результатах массового онлайн-опроса студентов колледжей и вузов Свердловской области (январь-февраль 2021 г., N=1349 и N=953 соответственно), полуформализованных интервью с работодателями и родителями студентов (июнь-октябрь 2021 г., N=26 и N=20 соответственно). Представления студентов о будущей профессионально-трудовой деятельности рассматриваются в контексте их сегодняшней образовательной жизни (достижения образовательной успешности, сочетания учебы и трудовой занятости), мнений их родителей о ситуации в сфере профессионального образования и перспективах будущего трудоустройства в условиях пандемии. Важным элементом являются представления работодателей о факторах (не)успешности выпускников колледжей и вузов в профессионально-трудовой сфере. В качестве гипотезы исследования было выдвинуто предположение о нелинейной связи между образовательной деятельностью и трудовой занятостью студентов и их (не)успешностью в профессиональном труде и жизнеустройстве.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 19-29-07016 «Трансфер человеческого капитала образовательных общностей: от неуспешности к успешности». Авторы выражают благодарность анонимным рецензентам за конструктивные замечания.
Comparison of dynamic visuals to other presentation formats when learning social science topics in an online setting
Authors: Turkay Selen
Published: July 2022

Despite the widespread use of whiteboard animations in both academic and informal settings, little evidence exists about their efficacy and impact on learner experiences, especially in non-STEM fields such as the social sciences. This study examined the effects of whiteboard animations against three other instructional formats on comprehension, measured by multiple choice questions and an open-ended summary question, and subjective experiences measured by Likert scale items. In a randomised experiment, Amazon Mechanical Turk participants (N = 299) viewed one of two social science lectures in one of four instructional formats: whiteboard animations, narrated slides, on-stage lecture, or audio/narration alone. Data was analysed using a series of ANOVA tests. Results showed that the whiteboard animation group answered significantly more questions than those who learned with on-stage lectures or narrated slides. Whiteboard animation and audio only groups also reported more enjoyment of, and engagement with, the lessons compared to the other groups. Findings contribute to the body of knowledge by providing evidence on the effectiveness of instructional materials when learning example social science topics.
Implications for practice or policy:

Considering on-stage lectures and narrated slides are commonly used video formats in online education, practitioners should consider using different lecture formats (e.g., audio only) when teaching social science subjects.
Online course developers may consider using the whiteboard animations to enhance student learning outcomes.
Des Herrschers neue Kleider. Rekonzeption des zhǔ 主 bzw. jūn 君 und seiner Herrschaft im klassischen und Neuen chinesischen Legalismus
Authors: Renninger Philipp
Published: July 2022

This essay re-interprets the ruler and their rulership in classical Chinese Legalism (Fǎjiā 法家) and its main work, the Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子 attributed to Han Fei 韓非 (c. 280–233 BCE). The re-interpretation takes late 19th and early 20th century New Legalism’s (Xīn Fǎjiā 新法家) focus on the ruler’s instruments of governance as a starting point. My essay raises this instrumental idea to a new level by re-conceptualizing the ruler (zhǔ 主 or jūn 君) as a dynamic figure and office. First, the legalist ruler becomes procedural. Their rulership is not a static property vested in a fixed unit. Rather, the ruler must create and sustain their office by applying the three action modes: fǎ 法 (general, standardized, public laws), shì 勢 (positional power surrounding the ruler), and shù 術 (administrative tactics kept internal and secret). Secondly, the ruler becomes relative. Their rulership is not an absolute feature pertaining to one single institution or person. Rather, every unit in state hierarchy – whether monarch, minister (chén 臣), or citizen (mín 民) – can turn into a ruler with respect to other units acting as its ministers. This re-conception of rulership renders Han Feis 2,200-year-old theory of rulership a neither out-of-date nor authoritarian analytical framework. Using this framework developed by my essay, prospective analyses can potentially apply Chinese Legalism not only to Ancient China but also to other epochs and other countries, and that in various disciplines.
What is the impact of circulating histones in COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Ligi Daniela , Giglio Rosaria Vincenza , Henry Brandon M. , Lippi Giuseppe , Ciaccio Marcello , Plebani Mario , Mannello Ferdinando
Published: July 2022

The infectious respiratory condition COVID-19 manifests a clinical course ranging from mild/moderate up-to critical systemic dysfunction and death linked to thromboinflammation. During COVID-19 infection, neutrophil extracellular traps participating in cytokine storm and coagulation dysfunction have emerged as diagnostic/prognostic markers. The characterization of NET identified that mainly histones, have the potential to initiate and propagate inflammatory storm and thrombosis, leading to increased disease severity and decreased patient survival. Baseline assessment and serial monitoring of blood histone concentration may be conceivably useful in COVID-19. We performed a literature review to explore the association among increased circulating levels of histones, disease severity/mortality in COVID-19 patients, and comparison of histone values between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. We carried out an electronic search in Medline and Scopus, using the keywords “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” AND “histone” OR “citrullinated histones” OR “hyperhistonemia”, between 2019 and present time (i.e., June 07th, 2022), which allowed to select 17 studies, totaling 1,846 subjects. We found that substantially elevated histone values were consistently present in all COVID-19 patients who developed unfavorable clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that blood histone monitoring upon admission and throughout hospitalization may be useful for early identification of higher risk of unfavorable COVID-19 progression. Therapeutic decisions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 based on the use of histone cut-off values may be driven by drugs engaging histones, finally leading to the limitation of cytotoxic, inflammatory, and thrombotic effects of circulating histones in viral sepsis.
Flowing through laboratory clinical data: the role of artificial intelligence and big data
Authors: Padoan Andrea , Plebani Mario
Published: July 2022

During the last few years, clinical laboratories have faced a sea change, from facilities producing a high volume of low-cost test results, toward a more integrated and patient-centered service. Parallel to this paradigm change, the digitalization of healthcare data has made an enormous quantity of patients’ data easily accessible, thus opening new scenarios for the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Every day, clinical laboratories produce a huge amount of information, of which patients’ results are only a part. The laboratory information system (LIS) may include other “relevant” compounding data, such as internal quality control or external quality assessment (EQA) results, as well as, for example, timing of test requests and of blood collection and exams transmission, these data having peculiar characteristics typical of big data, as volume, velocity, variety, and veracity, potentially being used to generate value in patients’ care. Despite the increasing interest expressed in AI and big data in laboratory medicine, these topics are approaching the discipline slowly for several reasons, attributable to lack of knowledge and skills but also to poor or absent standardization, harmonization and problematic regulatory and ethical issues. Finally, it is important to bear in mind that the mathematical postulation of algorithms is not sufficient for obtaining useful clinical tools, especially when biological parameters are not evaluated in the appropriate context. It is therefore necessary to enhance cooperation between laboratory and AI experts, and to coordinate and govern processes, thus favoring the development of valuable clinical tools.
A review of the pharmacological activities and protective effects of Inonotus obliquus triterpenoids in kidney diseases
Authors: Tian Lingling , Wang Yi , Qing Jianbo , Zhou Wenjing , Sun Lin , Li Rongshan , Li Yafeng
Published: July 2022

Kidney diseases are common health problems worldwide. Various etiologies ultimately lead to the development of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Natural compounds from herbs or medicinal plants are widely used for therapy and prevention of various ailments, among which is Inonotus obliquus. I. obliquus is rich in triterpenoids and the main active ingredients include betulinic acid, trametenolic acid, inotodiol, and ergosterol. New evidence suggests that I. obliquus triterpenes may be an effective drug for the treatment and protection of various kidney diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the pharmacological activities and potential role of I. obliquus triterpenes in the kidney disease treatment and protection.
A review of research with co-design methods in health education
Authors: Iniesto Francisco , Charitonos Koula , Littlejohn Allison
Published: July 2022

Studies using co-design methods require the meaningful involvement of stakeholders in creating new knowledge and harnessing, mobilising, and transferring existing knowledge to support comprehensive and long-term solutions. In the health sector, co-design methodology is seen as a way of supporting and engaging local communities in critical decision-making about their health. However, little is known about which specific co-design methods have been adopted, used, and implemented within health education contexts. To address this gap, this paper presents a literature review of co-design methods used to design and implement health education interventions. This rapid evidence assessment (REA) was carried out by identifying 53 papers categorised into four themes: methods, stages, stakeholders, and outcomes. We examined specific co-design methods used in health education stages to support the involvement of stakeholders, second, we reviewed the outcomes of the application of these methods. Based on the review findings, the paper reflects two areas: first, the review shows that there are a wide number of co-design methods being used to support stakeholder collaboration to design health care services as products and processes. Second, there is no clear way co-design methods are evaluated for their outcomes. This review of literature contributes an evidence base to support the future development and use of co-design in health contexts by organising relevant literature into coherent themes in ways that can inform future research.
Optimized SIW antipodal Vivaldi antenna array using Fourier series equations for C-band applications
Authors: Benzerga Fellah , Cherif Nabil , Abri Mehadji , Badaoui Hadjira
Published: July 2022

This paper demonstrates a novel form of substrate integrated waveguide SIW antenna array based on Fourier Series Equations. An optimized SIW power divider feeds the proposed structure where a micro-strip transition is used for impedance matching at 50 Ohm. The proposed antenna is traveling wave antenna type, in conventional methods the curve of antenna is of a linear or exponential form. In our method, we used the FSE to modify the contour of the antenna. The method is based on optimization of the Fourier series coefficients in order to maximize the gain forφ = π/2 andθ = π/2. The results of the return loss, the field’s distribution, the radiation pattern and the realized gain were analysed. Furthermore, the antenna is designed in HFSS and CST with a comparison between them. The simulated return loss was compared with experimental measurements. The return loss of the proposed 1 × 4 antenna array is less than −10  dB at 5.5–6.8 GHz with an average gain about of 6 dBi and a peak gain about of 7.2 dBi. The proposed 1 × 4 antenna array is optimized with HFSS and designed using FR4 substrate, and considered in C-band for centimeters waves applications.
Reduced irisin levels in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Sendur Suleyman Nahit , Baykal Gokhan , Firlatan Busra , Aydin Busra , Lay Incilay , Dagdelen Selcuk , Alikasifoglu Mehmet , Erbas Tomris
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Several metabolic disturbances are seen in acromegaly however, data regarding the contribution of irisin to these disturbances is currently insufficient. In a cohort of patients with acromegaly, we measured serum irisin levels in active and controlled cases and determined independent factors that effect serum irisin including fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) genotyping.

Methods

A cross-sectional case-control study including 46 patients with acromegaly (28 F/18 M, age: 50.3 ± 12.1 year, BMI: 30.7 ± 5.1 kg/m2) and 81 age-, gender-, body mass index- and body composition-matched healthy controls was conducted. 15 acromegalic patients (33%) had active disease. Irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three different regions (rs3480, rs1746661, and rs16835198) of FNDC5 were subjected to polymorphism analyses.

Results

Both groups were overweight and had similar body composition. Irisin levels were lower in patients with acromegaly than controls (median [IQR]: 44.8 [41.7–46.7] ng/mL vs. 51.7 [45.5–60.1] ng/mL, p≤0.001, respectively). Active and controlled patients had similar irisin levels. Irisin was not correlated with growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and IGF-1 index. In multiple linear regression model, somatostatin receptor ligand use (β=−20.30, 95% CI [−34]–[−6], p=0.006) was determined as the only independent factor that affect serum irisin.

Conclusions

Serum irisin levels are low in patients with acromegaly who are on somatostatin receptor ligand therapy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FNDC5 have no independent effects on circulating irisin levels under somatostatin ligand action. Endocrine muscle functions also seem to be regulated by somatostatin action, which requires further studies.
Some properties of Kantorovich variant of Chlodowsky-Szász operators induced by Boas-Buck type polynomials
Authors: Braha Naim L. , Loku Valdete , Mansour Toufik
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the Kantorovich variant of Chlodowsky Szász operators induced by Boas-Buck type polynomials and prove a Korovkin type theorem. Also, we present the Voronovskaya type theorem and Grüss-Voronovskaya type theorem. In the last section, we estimate the rates of pointwise approximation of Kantorovich variant of Chlodowsky Szász operators induced by Boas-Buck type polynomials for functions with derivatives of bounded variation.
Fibers pre-treatments with sodium silicate affect the properties of suspensions, films, and quality index of cellulose micro/nanofibrils
Authors: Mascarenhas Adriano Reis Prazeres , Scatolino Mário Vanoli , Dias Matheus Cordazzo , Martins Maria Alice , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Damásio Renato Augusto Pereira , Mendonça Maressa Carvalho , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin
Published: July 2022

The characteristics of cellulose micro/nanofibrils (MFC/CNF) can be improved with pre-treatments of the original fibers. The present work is proposed to study pre-treatment with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) on bleached fibers of Eucalyptus sp. (EUC) and Pinus sp. (PIN) and its effects on the quality index of MFC/CNF. Particle homogeneity, turbidity, and microstructure of the suspensions were evaluated. Similarly, the physical-mechanical, and barrier properties of the films were studied. With the results obtained for suspensions and films, the quality index (QI) was MFC/CNF calculated. The smallest particle dimension was observed for MFC/CNF of Pinus sp. with 10 % of Na2SiO3, as well as the lowest turbidity (∼350 NTU) was obtained for MFC/CNF of Pinus sp. with 5 % of Na2SiO3. The pre-treatments reduced the transparency of the films by ∼25 % for EUC and ∼20 % for PIN. The films presented a suitable barrier to UVC radiation, water vapor, and oil. The tensile strength of EUC and PIN films was increased by 20 % using 10 % of Na2SiO3. The same concentration of Na2SiO3 provided QI 70 for EUC MFC/CNF. The Na2SiO3 was efficient to obtain the MFC/CNF with interesting properties and suitable to generate films with parameters required for packaging.
Encapsulation strategies for improving the biological behavior of CdS@ZIF-8 nanocomposites
Authors: Kumary Archana , Pillai Nisha G. , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo-Jin , Azeez Asif Abdul
Published: July 2022

Herein we report encapsulation approaches for Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 (CdS@ZIF-8), such as “bottle-around-the-ship” and “ship-in-the-bottle.” In this study, these composites were evaluated for antibacterial and DNA-binding properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using ZIF-8 as a capping agent. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Characterization studies revealed that both encapsulation approaches provided different morphologies to the encapsulated framework. The antibacterial activity of the as-fabricated nanocomposite, in which ZIF-8 acts as a capping agent, was more effective against Escherichia coli (E. coli) than Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Furthermore, DNA-binding studies of nanocomposites performed by UV absorption spectroscopic titration method in E. coli genomic DNA indicated that DNA binding occurs along with cleavage. Therefore, the designed nanocomposites demonstrate great promise for future anticancer research.
Analysis of trends and variability of climatic parameters in Teff growing belts of Ethiopia
Authors: Tirfi Abera Gayesa , Oyekale Abayomi Samuel
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend and variability of rainfall and temperature parameters in the teff growing belts of Ethiopia. The data were obtained from weather stations and covered 1981–2018. Data analyses were carried out with descriptive statistics and time trend regression model. The results showed that short-season rainfall declined by 0.474 mm, while long-season rainfall increased by 2.72 mm. Also, the short season rainfall showed higher variability when compared to the long season rainfall. The standardized seasonal rainfall anomalies indicated severe and extreme droughts (<−1), and the results were in alignment previous droughts. In addition, over the period, the maximum and minimum temperature significantly increased by 0.13 and 0.15°C, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) for maximum and minimum temperatures were 2.24 and 5.10%, respectively. Anomalies in maximum and minimum temperatures were negatively low in 1981–1997 but positive in 2003–2018. There were teff yield anomalies and variability. It was concluded that variations in selected climatic parameters or their interactions accounted for teff yield variability. This necessitates provision of adequate adaptation strategies to minimize the impacts of climate change on the yields of teff.
Munkaerő-gazdálkodási körkép a dél-dunántúli régióban a pandémia idején
Authors:   Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kőműves Zsolt , Szabó Szilvia ,   Budapest Metropolitan University, Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor ,   Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Hollósy-Vadász Gábor ,   Budapest Metropolitan University
Published: July 2022

Empirikus kutatásunkban a dél-dunántúli régióban működő szervezetek vettek részt (n=241). A tanulmány célja a pandémia idején a régióban alkalmazott munkaerő-megtartási eszközök és módszerek vizsgálata. Kutatásunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy a régióban működő cégek a szervezeti méretük függvényében milyen eltérő HR-gyakorlatokat vezetnek be a munkaerő megtartása érdekében. Kutatásunk során mind a három hipotézisünket igazoltuk, azaz a szervezetek a méretükből fakadóan eltérő HR-lépésekkel igyekeznek megtartani a munkaerőt, amihez kapcsolódóan különböző módon fejlesztik a munkavállalók szakmai tudását, illetve más-más programokat alkalmaznak a munkaerőhiány kezelésének a céljából. A kutatással szembeni kritika, hogy törekszünk ugyan a minél heterogénebb vizsgálati minta összeállítására, azonban , ami megkérdőjelezi az eredmények generalizálhatóságát, az nem tekinthető reprezentatívnak. A jövőben egy összehasonlító kutatás keretében szeretnénk megvizsgálni, hogy a dél-dunántúli régióban kimutatható tendenciák az ország más területein is észlelhetőek-e.
Active Learning Methods in Developing Children’s Language Skills at Pre-School Age: Teachers’ Attitudes
Authors: Braslauskienė Rasa , Erika Turauskienė Erika Turauskienė , Jolanta Vaičiulienė Jolanta Vaičiulienė
Published: July 2022

Strategic documents (Description of Pre-school Children’s Achievements, 2014; State Strategy for Education in 2013–2022, 2014; Concept of Good School, 2015; Methodological Recommendations for Pre-school Education, 2015; etc) state the need to create conditions for children to actively work, investigate, create, discuss, and learn to solve problems, etc. This changes the classic approach to the quality and outcomes of pre-school education. The article analyses teachers’ attitudes towards the possibilities for applying active learning methods in developing children’s language skills at pre-school age. The findings of the qualitative research have revealed that pre-school teachers look for the most effective, child-friendly education methods and tools in order to ensure the success of children’s language education and their optimal achievements according to the children’s abilities. From a teacher’s point of view, pre-school children whose teachers apply active learning methods have the following opportunities for language education: to think creatively, experience the joy of education, take responsibility, investigate and solve problems, work in pairs and/or groups, learn to believe in themselves, use media, develop responsible media usage habits, etc. The findings of the research reveal that children’s language education possibilities using active learning methods are highly dependent on the teacher’s competencies, creativity and willingness to work in a different, non-traditional way.
Hospital Disaster Resilience: a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Paulikienė Birutė
Published: July 2022

This article analyses the concept of hospital resilience to natural disasters (earthquakes, global warming, pandemics, and man-made disasters such as war, conflict and cyber-attacks) in the context of theoretical insights in scholarly articles on the concept of resilience, and elements of its perception and other aspects. The research conducted identified that the concept of a resilient hospital encompasses its ability to maintain functionality at minimal resource costs, and reduce the likelihood of shock in the event of various disasters. This capacity to withstand hazard can be of various types, for example, constructive, infrastructural or administrative. The following four elements are most commonly identified levels of resilience: context, disturbance, capacity to deal with disturbance, and reaction to disturbance. A resilient hospital maintains the following characteristics: rapidity, robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, awareness, diversity, self-regulation, unity and adaptiveness. A variety of means are used to amplify resilience to distinct disasters and it is relevant to manage different types of resilience, but the human factor is indisputably essential in this framework.