bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHITE-COAT HYPERTENSION: SIZE OF THE WHITE-COAT EFFECT IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Authors: Mcdermott Eugene Ace , Mensah Ekow Adom , Fantin Francesco , Okorie Michael , Zamboni Mauro , Rajkumar Chakravarthi
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To explore the relationship between the systolic/diastolic white-coat effect (sWCE and dWCE), defined by the difference between clinic BP and mean daytime ambulatory BP, and central arterial stiffness.

Design and method:

The Brighton and Verona Seniors Study (BRAVES) recruited 184 healthy older adults aged 65–85 from primary care. Participants were not eligible for recruitment if they had known: cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, malignancy, smoking, statin therapy, or hormone therapy. Each participant was evaluated for office BP, anthropometrics, and cardiovascular risk factors. 24-hour ambulatory BP was measured using Diasys Integra II (Novacor, France). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV) was measured using Complior (Alam Medical, France). 101 participants, not on antihypertensive therapy and with complete ambulatory readings, were selected for analysis. Participants were grouped by BP phenotype: normotension (NT), white-coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), and sustained hypertension (SH).

Results:

The 101 participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 72 ± 5 years) consisted of 32 NT, 34 WCH, 9 MH, and 26 SH. A positive correlation was seen between both sWCE (r = 0.21; p = 0.03) and dWCE (r = 0.34; p < 0.001) with cfPWV. The WCH subgroup analysis (n = 34) revealed a stronger association between sWCE (r = 0.44; p = 0.01) and dWCE (r = 0.74; p < 0.001) with cfPWV. There was no association in the other BP phenotypes. There was no association of crPWV with either sWCE or dWCE. Multivariable linear regression was conducted on sWCE and dWCE as dependent variables and age, gender, BMI and cfPWV as independent variables (sWCE model: R2 = 0.19; p = 0.23; dWCE model: R2 = 0.61, p < 0.001). After adjustment, a significant association remained between cfPWV and sWCE (B = 2.72, 95% CI 0.32–5.13, p = 0.03) and cfPWV and dWCE (B = 2.70, 95% CI 1.60–3.79, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In healthy older adults with WCH, sWCE and dWCE are independently associated with central arterial stiffness. Central arterial stiffness accounts for a greater proportion of the overall variance of dWCE than sWCE. The WCE is not associated with peripheral arterial stiffness. In WCH, a large WCE may identify individuals at a higher risk of cardiovascular events.
DIFFERENTIAL AORTIC REMODELING EFFECTS OF NOREPINEPHRINE- AND ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN MICE
Authors: Spronck Bart , Caulk Alexander W. , Ramachandra Abhay B. , Murtada Sae-Il , Humphrey Jay D.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Arterial stiffness strongly predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. Hypertension causes the arteries to remodel and potentially stiffen. It is, however, unclear whether this remodeling response differs if hypertension is induced by adrenergic receptor activation, or by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the aortic remodeling response to hypertension as induced through infusion of norepinephrine (NE) versus infusion of angiotensin II (AngII).

Design and method:

Adult male C57BL/6J mice were studied under seven conditions: untreated, and after 7, 14, or 28-day subcutaneous infusion of either 3880 ng/kg/min NE or 1000 ng/kg/min AngII. After euthanasia, ascending and descending thoracic (ATA and DTA) and infrarenal abdominal (IAA) aortas were dissected and placed within a computer-controlled biaxial testing device. Aortas were subjected to a series of isobaric (90 mmHg) vasoreactivity experiments to 100 mM potassium chloride, 1 M AngII, 1 M phenylephrine, 10 M acetylcholine (on top of phenylephrine), and 1 mM L-NAME (on top of acetylcholine and phenylephrine). Under passive conditions, pressure-diameter tests were then performed at 95%, 100%, and 105% of the in vivo axial stretch and axial force-length tests at 10, 60, 100, and 140 mmHg. Data were fit using a nonlinear constitutive model.

Results:

Figure shows passive biomechanical metrics for all seven groups (bar charts, n = 4–8 per group), calculated at in vivo axial stretch and group-specific blood pressures. AngII caused comparatively larger increases in wall thickness than NE. Both NE and AngII led to significant structural arterial stiffening, driven by a combination of wall thickening and stiffening of the wall material. Figure also shows correlation of wall thickness with contractility to L-NAME on top of phenylephrine (scatter plots, n=4–7 per group; symbols represent individual aortas) at a pressure of 90 mmHg. Strikingly, the stronger an individual aorta was able to contract (larger absolute stress change; to the left on x-axis), the weaker its remodeling response.

Conclusions:

NE- and AngII-induced hypertension elicit distinct aortic remodeling responses. However, independent of the hypertensive stimulus, aortic contractile capacity emerged as protective against hypertensive arterial remodeling.
DYNAMICS OF BLOOD PRESSURE DURING LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK DEPENDING ON THE CARRIER OF DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF ECONOMICAL GENES
Authors: Isayeva Ganna , Vovchenko Maryna , Shalimova Anna
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The aim was to analyze the relationship between changes blood pressure and anthropometric parameters depending on different genes variants PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), ADRB2 (Gln27Glu), ADRB2 (Agr16Gly), ADRB3 (Trp64Agr), FABP2 (Thr54Ala) with the expansion of physical activity in people with high cardiovascular risk.

Design and method:

205 people with high cardiovascular risk were examined sinse. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical activity. Anthropometric parameters, body composition (bioelectrical impedance method), blood lipids were evaluated. Amplification of DNA and genotyping in the genes PPARG2, ADRB2, ADRB3, FABP2 was carried out by PCR using reagents SNP-EXPRESS-SHOT. SPSS Statistics 19 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The patients were instructed to expand physical activity in the form of regular exercise. According to IPAQ 39.5 % (81 patients) proved a rise in physical activity. Depending on the changes in anthropometric parameters, patients were divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1 did not show significant decrease in BMI (30.7 ± 7.3 vs 29.0 ± 6.8; p = 0.436) kg /m2, but in subgroup 2 a significant decrease in BMI to (31.9 ± 3.7 vs 26.8 ± 3.9; p = 0.041) kg/m2 was stated. In both groups, blood pressure was significantly reduced regardless of the BMI response. Subgroup 1 - SBP (133.4 ± 9.7 vs 126.7 ± 8.2; p = 0.03) mm Hg, DBP (87.8 ± 8.1 vs 85.1 ± 8.6; p = 0.04) mm Hg. 2nd subgroup - SBP (134.9 ± 11.2 vs 127.8 ± 9.9; p = 0.02) mm Hg, DBP (88.2 ± 7.3 vs 84.7 ± 8.7; p = 0.03) mm Hg. Changes of blood pressure did not depend on carrying of any genetic variants. Contrastly, an association between changes of HDL during physical exercise modification and carrying of PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), ADRB2 (Gln27Glu) and ADRB3 (Trp64Agr) polymorphic variants was detected.

Conclusions:

There are no relation between carrying of PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), ADRB2 (Gln27Glu), ADRB2 (Agr16Gly), ADRB3 (Trp64Agr), FABP2 (Thr54Ala) and blood pressure decrease during physical activity expansion.
POLYPHENOLS CONTENT OF MEDICAL PLANTS AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Gruev Ivan , Tsanova-Savova Sivia , Paneva Slaveyka , Koleva Petya
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Flavonoids have proven beneficial effects on cardiovascular system.Medicinal plants are a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols and in particular flavonoids. Recently many food supplements has gained popularity, despite of lack of evidence based data and strict regulatory control.

Design and method:

In the present study 5 Bulgarian medical plants and 5 food supplements, present at the Bulgarian market, were analyzed for their Total phenolic, Total flavonoids and selected individual flavonoids content. A HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and rutin in plant and supplements, using PDA detection.

Results:

The results show that polyphenols in the selected food supplements are lower than those of the medical plants analyzed. Mentha piperita and Melissa officinalis have the highest polyphenols content (67.38 and 65.17 mg GAE/g; 54.59 and 57.76 mg RE/g respectively). Rutin was detected in all samples analyzed, reaching highest levels in Mentha piperita (7332.5 g/g), followed by fruits of Sambucus nigra (2818.7 g/g).

Conclusions:

The results of the study are a practical contribution to a more complete characterization of the polyphenolic composition in Bulgarian medicinal plants.They also showed that medical plants, used in traditional folk medicine may be a more effective and cheaper alternative to food supplements.
EFFECT OF DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION DIET OR MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Manta Eleni , Thomopoulos Costas , Konstantinidis Dimitris , Tatakis Fotis , Polyzos Dimitris , Drogkaris Sotiris , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To determine whether the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is accompanied by blood pressure (BP) reduction in adults with and without hypertension.

Design and method:

We systematically searched Medline and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the BP effects of the DASH diet and the MedDiet in individuals with and without hypertension. We identified 30 RCTs (n = 5,545 participants) that explored the BP effects of the DASH diet compared to the control diet and 35 RCTs (n = 13,943 participants) that explored the MedDiet BP effects compared to the usual diet or another dietary intervention (e.g., low-fat diet). For each diet, the random-effects model was used to calculate the mean attained systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) differences during follow-up.

Results:

Compared to the control diet, the DASH diet reduced SBP and DBP (difference in means: -3.2 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4 .2, -2. 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001, and -2. 5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3. 5, -1. 5 mm Hg; P < 0.001, respectively). Hypertension status did not modify the diet’s effects on BP reduction. Compared to the usual diet the MedDiet reduced SBP and DBP (difference in means: -3.1 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.8, -1.3; P = 0.001, and -1. 6 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2. 6, -0. 6; P = 0.002, respectively), while compared to all other active intervention diets or only to the low-fat diet the MedDiet did not reduce SBP or DBP (Figure). We were unable to compare the BP effects of the MedDiet between hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients, but in a limited number of studies conducted in normotensive individuals, the MedDiet BP effects were not significant.

Conclusions:

The adoption of the DASH diet or the MedDiet was accompanied by significant BP reduction in adults with and without hypertension. Our findings give further support to the current guidelines, supporting the adoption of a healthy, balanced diet, such as the DASH diet or the MedDiet.
EFFECTS OF HOME-BASED ISOMETRIC HANDGRIP OR AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS WITH PRE-HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: Pinto Diogo , Rato Nuno D. , Garcia Catarina , Teixeira Manuel , Marques Maria J. , Amaral Teresa , Amaral Leonor , Ruivo Pedro , Abreu Ricardo , Oliveira Ana P. , Carneiro Cristiana , Figueiredo Daniela , Polónia Jorge , Mesquita-Bastos José , Viana João L. , Pescatello Linda S. , Ribeiro Fernando , Alves Alberto J.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Isometric handgrip exercise training (IHT) is a promising non-pharmacological treatment to hypertension. In HoldAge (NCT04275037) we compared the effects of a home-based IHT intervention to home-based aerobic exercise training (AET) intervention or usual care on blood pressure (BP) in older adults with high normal BP and hypertension.

Design and method:

53 participants with high normal BP to stage I hypertension were (24 men, age 71.7 ± 4.2 years, systolic BP 138.2 ± 16.2 and diastolic BP 80.4 ± 8.7 mmHg) were randomized into IHT (n = 19), AET (n = 19) or an attention control group (AC, n = 15). Participants performed IHT or AET, 3 times/week, for 8 weeks. IHT consisted of 4x45 sec bilateral contractions, at an intensity of 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction, with a 1-min rest between sets. AET was walking at an intensity of 50–70% of the estimated peak maximal oxygen consumption. The AC group received standardized optimal medical care, including lifestyle advice.

Results:

Of the 53 participants, 49 finished the intervention (92.5%) with one dropout in AET and 3 in AC. Three participants were excluded due to changes in the antihypertensive medication (AET:1 and AC:2). The self-reported exercise adherence was 96.6% for IHT and 83.8% for AET. There were no significant differences at baseline for SBP (p = 0.343), DBP (p = 0.107) and pulse pressure (PP, p = 0.386). Both exercise interventions elicited similar reductions in SBP from baseline to postintervention (IHT: 138.8 ± 14.9 vs 129.2 ± 10.4 mmHg; p = 0.003; AET: 139.8 ± 19.6 vs 132.6 ± 9.5 mmHg; p = 0.049). There were no changes in BP in the AC group (130.6 ± 12.7 vs 127.9 ± 18.3 mmHg; p = 0.392). DBP decreased after IHT (78.6 ± 7.9 vs 74.7 ± 8.1 mmHg; p = 0.025) but not AET (83.1 ± 9.2 vs 80.8 ± 9.5 mmHg; p = 0.360) or AC (76.5 ± 5 vs 76.5 ± 10.1 mmHg; p = 0.942). Both exercise interventions also elicited similar reductions in PP (IHT: 60.2 ± 10.5 vs 54.4 ± 8.9 mmHg; p = 0.014; AET: 56.7 ± 13.2 vs 51.7 ± 13.5 mmHg; p = 0.016) with no differences for the AC (54.1 ± 10.3 vs 51.2 ± 13.3 mmHg; p = 0.285).

Conclusions:

The preliminary results from HoldAge indicate home-based IHT and AET elicit significant reductions in office SBP among older adults with high-normal BP to Stage 1 hypertension.
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION: A J-SHAPED ASSOCIATION– THE MAASTRICHT STUDY
Authors: Heide Frank van der , Eussen Simone , Houben Alfons , Henry Ronald , Kroon Abraham , Kallen Carla van der , Dagnelie Pieter , Dongen Martien Van , Berendschot Tos , Schouten Jan , Webers Carroll , Schram Miranda , Greevenbroek Marleen Van , Wesselius Anke , Schalkwijk Casper , Koster Annemarie , Jansen Jacobus , Backes Walter , Beulens Joline , Stehouwer Coen
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Alcohol consumption may be a determinant of microvascular dysfunction (MVD), an important contributor to major clinical disease such as stroke, dementia, depression, retinopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Main objectives were 1) to study whether alcohol consumption was associated with MVD as assessed in the brain, retina, skin, kidney and in the blood; and 2) to investigate whether associations differed by history of cardiovascular disease or sex.

Design and method:

We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (N = 3,120 participants, 50.9% men, mean age 60 years, 16.8% with a history of cardiovascular disease, and 27.5% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We used regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounders to study the association between total alcohol, consumption (moderate versus light) and MVD, where all measures of MVD were combined into a total MVD composite score (expressed in standard deviation “standardized beta’’). We tested for interaction by history of cardiovascular disease and sex.

Results:

The association between total alcohol consumption and MVD was non-linear, i.e. J-shaped. Moderate versus light total alcohol consumption was significantly associated with less MVD, after adjustment for potential factors (moderate versus light total alcohol consumption, standardized beta [95% confidence interval], -0.10 [-0.19; -0.01]). History of cardiovascular disease (Pinteraction < 0.001) and sex (Pinteraction = 0.03) modified the associations. In stratified analyses the mathematical minimum was at higher levels of alcohol consumption for individuals with, versus without, a history of cardiovascular disease and for men versus women. In addition, moderate versus light alcohol consumption was considerably more strongly associated with less MVD in individuals with, versus without a history of cardiovascular disease; however, the strength of this association did not materially differ between women and men.

Conclusions:

The present population-based study found a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and MVD, where the exact shape of the association differed by history of cardiovascular disease and sex. Therefore, alcohol consumption may be a determinant of MVD. Hence, although increasing alcohol consumption cannot be recommended as a policy, this study suggests that prevention of MVD may be possible through dietary interventions.
CORRELATION OF COGNITIVE STATUS WITH IMPAIRED SKIN MICROVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED UNTREATED HYPERTENSIVES
Authors: Mastrogiannis Konstantinos , Lazaridis Antonios , Triantafillou Areti , Koletsos Nikolaos , Anyfanti Panagiota , Kyriazidou Anastasia , Douma Stella , Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Untreated hypertension (HT) in the early midlife is strongly correlated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) later on, in the elderly. HT is also associated with significant microvascular alterations in several vascular beds including skin. Skin microcirculation has been correlated with microvascular alterations in other beds and has been proposed as a model of generalized microvascular dysfunction. We sought to estimate the prevalence of MCI in newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive patients (UHTs) and compare it to normotensive healthy individuals (NTs). We also investigated possible associations between MCI and parameters of skin microvascular reactivity by using a novel laser technique, namely Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI).

Design and method:

We consecutively enrolled 51 individuals including 31 UHTs and 20 NTs. All patients were free from diabetes mellitus or any cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis of HT was based on conventional office BP and 24h-Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (24h-ABPM) criteria, according to standard guidelines. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA test) was used to assess cognitive function with a score equal to or lower than 26 being suggestive of MCI for all participants. The LSCI technique combined with post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) protocol was used to assess skin microvascular reactivity. Skin microvascular results are expressed as percentage increase of cutaneous perfusion from baseline to peak condition (base to peak flux, %).

Results:

Base to peak flux was significantly lower in UHTs compared to NTs (211.0 ± 53.1 vs 154.0 ± 53.0 %, p < 0.01). Although the prevalence of MCI did not differ between UHTs and NTs, there was also a significant positive correlation between the MoCA test score and base to peak flux in the UHTs group (r = 0.491, p = 0.02).

Conclusions:

Although UHTs did not present impaired cognitive status compared to NTs, they do present impaired skin microvascular reactivity which is strongly correlated with their cognitive status from the very early stages of hypertension. Early and effective treatment of essential hypertension may contribute to the prevention of MCI and the improvement of skin microvascular function in hypertensive patients.
RADIAL-DIGITAL PULSE WAVE VELOCITY: RESPONSE OF SMALL ARTERIES TO A MODIFICATION OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS GRADIENT INDUCED BY NITROGLYCERIN
Authors: Fortier Catherine , Garneau Charles-Antoine , Paré Mathilde , Obeid Hasan , Côté Nadège , Duval Karine , Goupil Rémi , Agharazii Mohsen
Published: June 2022

Objective:

We previously demonstrated that it is possible to modulate the arterial stiffness gradient with the administration of nitroglycerin (NTG). This alteration of the physiological stiffness gradient would increase the transmission of greater pulsatility to the microcirculation, thus explaining the damage to the pressure-sensitive organs. We aimed to describe small conducting arteries response following the pharmacological alteration of the stiffness gradient using regional stiffness of the hand (radial-digital PWV, rd-PWV).

Design and method:

The simultaneous application of piezoelectric sensors (Complior) at the level of the carotid ®, the radial artery ®, and the tip of the index finger (d) was used to calculate the rd-PWV by the following formula (rd-PWV = cd-cr distances/cd-cr transit time). Rd-PWV was obtained before and 4 minutes after a sublingual administration of 0.4 mg of NTG, in healthy adults (controls, n = 23) and patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD, n = 18). Changes in arterial stiffness pre-post NTG and comparisons between the two groups were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

Results:

Pre NTG, despite similar cr-PWV, rd-PWV in CKD seemed lower than controls (3.7 ± 1.6 m/s vs. 4.6 ± 1.5 m/s, p = 0.067). This difference between the two groups faded (p = 0.865) after adjusting for age, where the standardized coefficient B of age = -0.407 (p = 0.037). Post NTG, cr-PWV decreased in both groups (p < 0.001) while rd-PWV increased similarly (no interaction, p = 0.111)), between controls (from 4.62 ± 1.49 m/s to 5.94 ± 2.29m /s, p < 0.001) and CKD (from 3.71 ± 1.60 m/s to 5.18 ± 2.12m/s, p < 0.001). There was no difference in changes of brachial pressures between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Again, we observed opposite changes in arterial stiffness in two different arterial territories following the administration of NTG. In contrast with cr-PWV, regional stiffness of the hand increase after NTG administration. Rd-PWV is a new approach for the measurement of the regional stiffness of small arteries that could open the way to a better hemodynamic understanding of the consequences of the inversion of the stiffness gradient.
SKIN MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IS IMPAIRED IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS AND CORRELATE WITH THE DURATION OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Dolgyras Panagiotis , Lazaridis Antonios , Anyfanti Panagiota , Triantafyllou Areti , Koletsos Nikolaos , Prousalis Theodosios , Aroutsidis Fotios , Douma Stella , Galiagkousi Eygenia
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Systemic Vasculitides (SVs) are a highly inflammatory group of diseases characterized by significant cardiovascular mortality. Microvascular damage closely linked with accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis represent core pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to the excess CV risk of patients with SVs. Skin represents a very easy accessible tissue, facilitating mechanistic non-invasive microvascular studies. In this study we aimed to assess skin microvascular function (SMF) using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) technique coupled with Post-Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia (PORH) in patients with SVs and investigate correlations with inflammatory status and disease characteristics.

Design and method:

We consecutively recruited 60 individuals including 15 with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, 15 with Bechet disease and 30 healthy controls matched for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. SMF was assessed with LSCI coupled with PORH following a standardized protocol. Results are expressed as percentage increase of flux from baseline to the peak post-occlusive response, as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) during baseline (baseline CVC), peak CVC and as the percentage increase (CVC increase). CVC was calculated as the ratio of mean flux in each respective period divided by mean blood pressure (BP). Moreover, we investigated the correlation between SMF and disease duration as well as disease activity, as evaluated by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) and biomarkers of acute inflammation(C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

Results:

No differences were found in office BP, and basic demographic parameters between groups. Patients with SVs presented a lower base to peak flux [207 (60.1) vs 143.7 (41.0) LSPUs, p < 0.001] and CVC increase (190.0 ± 49.6 vs 149.6 ± 48.9 %, p = 0.002) compared to controls. Importantly, base to peak flux and CVC increase were significantly correlated with disease duration (p < 0.001, r = -0.563 and p < 0.001, r = 0.442 respectively). However, no significant correlation was found with disease activity markers and inflammatory status

Conclusions:

Patients with SVs exhibit impaired SMF as shown by a dynamic and reproducible method, namely LSCI combined with PORH. Moreover, skin microvascular impairment correlates with disease duration but not with disease activity, suggesting that a chronic, low-grade inflammatory background instead of acute inflammation may be responsible for cutaneous damage.
CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE OBESE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Koval Sergiy , Snihurska Iryna , Yushko Kostiantyn
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Recent studies showed that the gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension (AH). Changes in the composition of the GM are associated with various metabolic diseases and the risk factors of development of AH, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the composition of the GM in the patients with AH, which occurs against the background of abdominal obesity (AO).

Design and method:

In the study was included 70 patients with AH, 2–3 degrees (46 patients with AO and 24 patients with normal body weight (NBW) aged 40 to 65 years. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy individuals. The investigation complex included standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods. Determination of the quantitative composition of GM was carried out by the method of polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescence detection of results in real time.

Results:

In patients with AH, both with AO and without obesity (with NBW), there was a significant decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05), Bifidobacterium spp (p < 0.05), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p < 0.05) compared with the control group/ At the same time, in the group of the patients with AH and AO, a more significant decrease in the number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was detected, compared with the group of patients with AH with NBW (p < 0.05). The amount of Akkermansia Muciniphila was significantly lower in the patients with AH and AO compare with the patients with NBW (p < 0.05) and the control group (p < 0.01). Also, in the patients with AH and AO the ratio of Bacteroides fragilis group/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significant higher than in the patients with NBW (p < 0.05) and control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results of our study indicate a possible role of the identified GM imbalance (deficiency of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia Muciniphila, increased ratio of Bacteroides fragilis group/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) in the pathogenesis of AH in the obese patients.
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE, LUNG FUNCTION AND ASTHMA CONTROL IN OBESE ASTHMATIC INDIAN CHILDREN
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Nandy Arnab , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Lodha Rakesh
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Obesity is a major risk factor for asthma in children. Obese children have an increased risk of asthma; have more frequent and severe exacerbations, decreased lung function, and poor quality of life. However, the relationship between obesity, lung function, and asthma control remains unclear in obese asthmatic Indian children. Therefore, we examined the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with lung function, asthma control, and quality of life in obese asthmatic children.

Design and method:

Forty-seven children (8–15 years) with asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines were enrolled in the study from the Pediatric Chest Clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg and height was measured using a stadiometer nearest to 0.1 cm. The measurements of height and weight were used to calculate BMI. BMI derived was categorized by using Z score tables of WHO-BMI for age standards for boys and girls between 5 and 19 years. Lung function was assessed using spirometry parameters (Super spiro MK2 Micro Medical Ltd, UK), HRQoL was assessed using Juniper’s Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), and level of asthma control was assessed by Juniper’s Asthma control questionnaire (ACQ). ACQ score ranges from 0 (well controlled) to 6 (extremely poorly controlled). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to study the relationship between BMI, lung function parameters, PAQLQ score, and asthma control score

Results:

Obese children had mean (SD) age of 10.7 (2.5) years, BMI = 25.9 ± 7.5 kg/m2, forced expiratory volume-1 second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) was 82.8 ± 10.7%, ACQ score of 1.5 (0.8), and PAQLQ score of 5.5 (1.1).BMI was significantly directly correlated with ACQ score (r = 0.610, p < 0.001), and inversely correlated with predicted FEV1/FVC (r = -0.537, p = 0.002) and PAQLQ score (r = -0.625, p < 0.002).

Conclusions:

In obese asthmatic children, obesity is associated with a reduction in lung function and poor asthma control, and quality of life. Early weight-loss interventions could play role in preventing obesity and related pulmonary function impairment in asthmatic children.
ALTERATION OF RENAL DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM IN RATS FED WITH HIGH FAT DIET: A POSSIBLE MECHANISM PROMOTING ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Cantú Silvana María , Lee Hyun Jin , Mikusic Natalia Laura Rukavina , Kouyoumdzian Nicolás Martín , Höcht Christian , Donoso Adriana Susana , Puyó Ana María , Choi Marcelo Roberto
Published: June 2022

Objective:

A chronic high fat diet (HFD) induces insulin resistance and enhances renal sodium reabsorption. The renal dopaminergic system (RDS) is a local natriuretic system involved in blood pressure regulation. We analyzed the effect of a HFD on the RDS and its impact on blood pressure regulation in rats.

Design and method:

Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n = 4–6), and studied for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. C (Control): standard diet (SD) and tap water to drink; HFD: 50% w/w bovine fat added to SD and tap water to drink. We determined: Systolic blood pressure (SBP); urine excretion of L-dopa and dopamine by HPLC (L-dopa/dopamine index was calculated); plasmatic, urinary biochemical, and kidney function parameters; and organic cation transporter N1, 2 and 3 (OCT-N1/2/3) protein expression in renal cortex tissue by western blot.

Results:

SBP (mmHg): HFD4: 134 ± 2 vs. C4: 120 ± 2; HFD8: 135 ± 2 vs. C8: 121 ± 2; HFD12: 147 ± 2 vs. C12 115 ± 3; p < 0.01. fractional sodium excretion (FENa, %): HFD4: 0.19 ± 0.03 vs. C4: 0.63 ± 0.04; HFD8: 0.18 ± 0.02 vs. C8: 0.49 ± 0.06; HFD12: 0.05 ± 0.02 vs. C12 0.35 ± 0.05; p < 0.01. urinary sodium excretion (UNa.V, mEq/24hs): HFD4: 0.53 ± 0.05 vs. C4: 2.09 ± 0.15; HFD8: 0.51 ± 0.07 vs. C8: 1.94 ± 0.11; HFD12: 0.16 ± 0.04 vs. C12: 0.97 ± 0.17, p < 0.01. Daily diuresis (ml/24hs): HFD4: 3.6 ± 0,7 vs. C4: 13.5 ± 1.3; HFD8: 3.5 ± 0.3 vs. C8: 16.4 ± 2.2; HFD12: 4.3 ± 0.7 vs. C12: 15.3 ± 1.6, p < 0,0001. L-dopa/dopamine index: HFD4: 3.6 ± 0.3 vs. C4: 1.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.005; HFD8: 3.7 ± 0.7 vs. C8: 1.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.05; HFD12: 4.8 ± 0.2 vs. C12: 2.0 ± 0.3, p < 0.01. A positive correlation between SBP vs the L-dopa/dopamine index: p < 0.001, r = 0.985, R2 = 0.97; and a negative correlation between UNa.V vs L-dopa/dopamine index: p < 0.001, r = -0.959, R2 = 0.92 were found. Expression of transporter OCT-N1/2/3 / GAPDH were: HFD8: 0.6 ± 0.1 vs. C8: 1.0 ± 0.2, p < 0.05.

Conclusions:

The reduction in natriuresis could be related to the decrease in dopamine excretion to the proximal convoluted tubular lumen caused by the reduced expression of OCT-N1/2/3 transporters, contributing to increase blood pressure.
VITAMIN D STATUS IN TUNISIAN OBESE PATIENTS
Authors: Othman Rym Ben , Gamoudi Amel , Mizouri Ramla , Amor Nadia Ben , Loukil Insaf , Souissi Cyrin , Berriche Olfa , Mahjoub Faten , Jamoussi Henda
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Aims: The objectives of this study were to estimate the vitamin D deficiency in obese, identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, demonstrating a possible association between vitamin D levels and metabolic parameters.

Design and method:

This was a transversal study that involved 84 obese adults consultant to the obesity unit in the national institute of nutrition of tunis.

Results:

The deficit of vitamin D (<30 ng / ml) among obese was 98.8%. Half of them had a rate < 10 ng / ml. We observed a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and the origin of the North West (p = 0,04). Environmental factors involved in vitamin D deficiency are: the veil (p = 0,001), and dietary factors are represented by the calcium intake (p = 0,001) and the daily caloric intake (p = 0,0001).

The perc ent of fat mass was negatively related to vitamin D levels (p = 0.01) but not with BMI (p = 0.118) or waist circumference (p = 0,88). Similarly, lipid profile, glucose profile, blood pressure had no link with vitamin D, serum uric acid was positively associated with vitamin D (p = 0.03), as well as the rate of hemoglobin (p = 0,0001). Insulin resistance evaluated by fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were not related to vitamin D levels (p = 0,38 and p = 0,31).

Conclusions:

At the end of our study, we have identified a very important vitamin D deficiency among obese. Dosage and systematic supplementation should be applied and for that physician awareness is needed.
IT IS SOMETHING MAKING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME VERSUS HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITHOUT METABOLIC SYNDROME IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION?
Authors: Stirban Raluca , Dragoi Doina , Grigore Cristiana , Balaceanu Beatrice , Gurau Cristian-Dorin , Voiculet Cornelia , Zaharia Magda , Zara Octavian , Dediu Giorgiana , Giuglea Carmen , Calin Camelia , Dina Ion , Balaceanu Alice
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The aim of the study was to compare the clinical particularities and the lab tests in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome, versus hypertensive patients without metabolic syndrome, admitted for SARS-COV2 infection.

Design and method:

We performed a retrospective study on 217 patients admitted to a Clinical Emergency Hospital between January 2021 and October 2021.

Results:

We had 217 patients admitted in internal medicine clinic for infection with SARS-COV2 virus. Patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome (subgroup 1, 93 patients) were aged between 37 and 91 years (average age of 69 years). Patients with hypertension without metabolic syndrome (subgroup 2, 55 patients) were aged between 47 and 97 (average age of 72 years).

Gender distribution in subgroup 1: 50% male, 50% female. In the subgroup 2, the gender distribution was: 51.52% male, 48.48% female.

At admission, the stages of SARS-COV2 infection in subgroup 1, according to CT examination, were severe in 54.41%, moderate in 27.94%, and mild in 17.64%, and in subgroup 2 were severe in 47.16%, moderate in 24.52%, and mild in 28.30%.

As comorbidities in subgroup 1: cancer in 5.88%, chronic heart failure in 26.47% of cases, atherosclerosis in 55.88%, COPD in 7.35%, depression in 7.35% and dementia in 5.88% of cases.

In subgroup 2 the comorbidities were: cancer in 4.55% of patients, chronic heart failure in 36.36% of patients, atherosclerosis in 62.12%, COPD in 4.55%, depression in 3.03%, dementia in 10.61% of patients.

High levels of the inflammatory markers in subgroup 1: CRP in 98.53% of cases, D-dimers in 85.29%, NT-proBNP in 76.34%, IL6 in 83.87%.

In subgroup 2: high levels of CRP in 93.94% of cases, D-dimers in 84.85%, NT-proBNP in 69.09%, IL6 in 83.63%.

Permanent atrial fibrillation was more prevalent in subgroup 2 (18.18% of cases) compared to subgroup 1 (9.67% of cases) while the prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was higher in subgroup 1 (5.45% versus 8.60% of cases).

Conclusions:

Increased NT-proBNP and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had a higher prevalence in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome for the same age group and degree of SARS-COV2 pulmonary infection.
UPREGULATION OF PPET-1 AND DOWNREGULATION OF ENOS ASSOCIATE WITH VASCULAR REMODELING AND INFLAMMATION IN THE HEART AND KIDNEY OF RATS WITH HIGH FAT DIET
Authors: Anantawikrama Widyan Putra Ana , Sari Dwi Cahyani Ratna , Setyaningsih Wiwit Ananda Wahyu , Syifanie Yaura , Kamila Alya , Rivaldo Reza Ahmad , Rizqia Mumtaz , Arfian Nur
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Obesity alters several metabolic activities leading to cardiovascular diseases. The insulin resistance-caused obesity stimulates vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agent disturbances that ended up with cardiac vascular remodeling. This study aims to investigate the effect of obesity to the heart and kidney, focusing on inflammatory mediators associated with endothelial dysfunction.

Design and method:

Rats (3 months-old, weight 200 g) were divided into control (n = 6), and rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD) for 1 month (n = 6, OB1), 2 months (n = 6, OB2), and 4 months (n = 6, OB4). Then, rats were terminated, and the heart and kidney were harvested for histological quantification and the quantification of mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, eNOS and ppET-1 using RT-PCR. Sirius Red staining was done to assess vascular remodeling and the immunohistochemistry staining of CD68 protein expression was performed to assess the localization of macrophage.

Results:

HFD induced high body weight compared to the control group. It was followed by increase of mRNA expression of NF-KB, MCP-1 and CD68 in heart of HFD groups compared to the control group, especially in OB4. Immunostaining revealed positive staining of macrophage (CD68) in the heart of OB groups. Histological staining of the kidney showed slight tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis in OB4 group. Long-term obesity promoted vascular remodeling with increased wall in the heart of OB4 group. OB4 group demonstrated upregulation of ppET-1 with downregulation of eNOS mRNA expression in the heart and kidney.

Conclusions:

HFD induced upregulation of ET-1 and downregulation of eNOS which may associate with cardiac vascular remodeling, kidney injury and inflammation in the heart and kidney.
SKIN MICROVASCULAR FLOWMOTION IS UNALTERED IN ABDOMINALLY OBESE MEN
Authors: Jimenez Zaida Abad , Kusters Yvo Ham , Joris Peter J. , Plat Jogchum , Mensink Ronald P. , Da Stehouwer Coen , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Houben Alfons Jhm
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Abdominal obesity represents a systemic metabolic pathology, being related to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Microvascular dysfunction is multifactorial and alters, among other things, insulin-mediated glucose disposal. We have previously shown that insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle is impaired in obese men and that weight loss can reverse this impairment. Our objective was to examine whether impairment of insulin-mediated microvascular function and subsequent reversal by weight loss can be detected in skin as well using flowmotion analyses.

Design and method:

Twenty-five lean and 53 abdominally obese men (waist circumference 102–110 cm; aged18–65 yrs.; no cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes) were recruited. Following baseline measurements, the obese men were randomized to either an 8-week program of low calorie diet (LCD), or usual diet (control). Skin flowmotion was measured by laser-doppler flowmetry and Fourier analyses resulted in the contribution of five frequency domains: endothelial, 0.01–0.02 Hz; neurogenic, 0.02–0.06 Hz; myogenic, 0.06–0.15 Hz; respiratory, 0.15–0.40 Hz and cardiac, 0.40–1.60 Hz. Flowmotion was measured before and during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp.

Results:

Baseline flowmotion was not different between lean and obese men. In both lean and obese men, hyperinsulinaemia induced a similar increase in total flowmotion (lean: 6.5% (1.5, 11.5); obese: 3.6% (0.6, 6.6); p = 0.309 vs lean) and the endothelial domain (lean: 12.3% (1.7, 22.9); obese: 8.6% (2.5, 14.7); p = 0.538 vs lean), and a decrease in the neurogenic domain (lean: -14.2% (-24.8, -3.7); obese: -4.6% (-13, 3.8); p = 0.149 vs lean). The LCD intervention did not statistically significantly affect flowmotion.

Conclusions:

In contrast to insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle, skin microvascular flowmotion is unaltered in abdominally obese men versus lean. In addition, a weight loss intervention in the obese men did not affect skin microvascular flowmotion. These findings indicate that the sensitivity of the microvasculature to systemic mediators may differ between tissues.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FAT MASS AND ORGAN DAMAGE IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY CHINESE: THE NORTHERN SHANGHAI STUDY
Authors: Xu Chong , Yu Shikai , Chi Chen , Fan Ximin , Teliewubai Jiadela , Zhao Song , Tang Jiamin , Xu Yawei , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Body fat mass (FM) is associated with multiple organ damage. However, the available data on the relationship between FM and different organ damage is inconsistent and differs according to gender. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between FM and organ damage in elderly men and women in the Chinese community.

Design and method:

After excluding missing data, data from 3331 participants were included in this analysis. Based on age, height, weight, waist circumference, race, predicted FM was calculated. Organ damage includes arterial stiffness (AS), lower extremity atherosclerosis (LEA), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), micro-albuminuria, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results:

Of the 3331 participants, 1881 (56.4%) were female. After adjusted for multiple risk factors, among women, participants with higher quantiles of FM had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for AS (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.18–2.27, p for trend = 0.011), LEA (OR = 2.867, 95% CI: 1.73–4.74, p for trend < 0.001), LVH (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40–2.60, p for trend < 0.001), CKD (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.12–3.00, p for trend = 0.008), but not for micro-albuminuria. In men, higher FM was only associated with an increased incidence of LVH (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.34–3.36, p for trend < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Elevated FM is associated with more organ damage in elderly women in the Chinese community. Therefore, in order to alleviate the occurrence of organ damage, elderly women should pay more attention to the management of body fat.
STRENGTHENING OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN FRAIL ELDERLY WOMEN WITH METABOLIC SINDROME
Authors: D’Amico Ferdinando , D’Amico Rossella
Published: June 2022

Objective:

This study assessed homeostatic reserves which frailty includes through the differences in physical performances by elderly women affected by Metabolic Syndrome.

Design and method:

We examined 32 women (mean age 68+ 3) with Metabolic Syndrome.Metabolic Syndrome was assessed through the NCEP standards: 1) obesity (waist>cm 88 for women and> 102 cm for men); 2) high values of triglyceride (>150 mg/dl); 3) low values of HDL cholesterol (>40 mg/dl for men and 50 mg/dl for women);4) high levels of blood pressure (> 130/85 mmHg) or antihypertensive treatment; 5) high glycemia at awakening (110–126 mg/dl). The design of the study included: 1) blood tests; 2) clinical measurement of blood pressure.Blood Pressure was under control when< 140/90 mmHg and > 130/80 mmHg in patients affected by diabetes mellitus.The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) combines a balance test following 3 different positions on increasing difficulty, a 4-metre walking path and a repeated stand-up exercise from a chair.Self-sufficient elderly women with reduced physical performance and with a reported SPPB score comprised between 5 and 9 can be considered frail and at high risk of disability.

Results:

Among all subjects 16 had a < 9 SPPB score (group A); while 18 had a > 9 score (group B). We did not detect considerable differences in the 2 groups considering age, waist length, glycemia, cholesterol, triglyceride, while we detected an uncontrolled hypertension (SBP 154 + 3 and DBP 90 + 4 mmHg, p< 0.005) in group A. A substantial connection between reduced physical performance (SPPB < 9) and uncontrolled hypertension in group A (p < 0.01) was noted. The latter was administered a 6 month program of home adapted workout supervised by an occupational therapist every 2 months.

Conclusions:

In elderly women affected by Metabolic Syndrome, the study assesses a relationship between uncontrolled hypertension and a reduced physical performance. Evaluation through SPPB is able to assess specific features in elderly patients’ health beyond the clinical evaluation and the specific markers for disease gravity, therefore indicating the reduced homeostatic reserves included in frailty. A combination of pharmacological therapy with occupational therapy is able to empower physical performance in frail elderly patients.
CLASSIC CARDIOVASCULAR PROTECTIVE SIGNALING IN ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED NOVEL PREECLAMPSIA RAT MODEL
Authors: Huixing Cui , Liyuan Jin , Junxian Liu , Yinhua Zhang
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induces vasoconstriction, in vivo perfusion has been shown to induce preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant rats. In this study, we aimed to examine the protein and mRNA expressions of endothelial and neuronal NOS (eNOS, nNOS) as well as angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in normal pregnant and Ang II-induced PE rats.

Design and method:

Pregnant (8 weeks) and non-pregnant SD rats (8 weeks, GD-8) were infused with Ang II via an osmotic minipump (1 ug/kg/min), and the rats (GD-21) were sacrificed 13 days later. Pregnant and non-pregnant rats without Ang II were taken as sham controls. The fetal weight, crown-rump length and placental weight of PE rats were significantly lower compared to those without Ang II infusion. Immunohistochemistry results showed an approximately 30% increase in glomerular volume, suggesting morphological changes in the kidney and Ang II infusion exhibits a PE phenotype.

Results:

Ang II infusion did not affect AT2R, AT1R and nNOS protein or mRNA expression in the uterus of non-pregnant or pregnant rats. However, eNOS mRNA expression was reduced in PE rats (p < 0.0001) although protein expression was not affected by Ang II infusion. However, in the placenta, AT1R and AT2R protein expression were not different in PE, but AT2R mRNA was decreased (p < 0.0001). eNOS protein was only expressed in fetal vascular endothelial cells, and eNOS protein expression was higher in PE rats (P = 0.001) but eNOS mRNA was decreased (p = 0.0096). Notably, strong nNOS expression was observed in placental trophoblast cell groups of sham and PE rats, and both mRNA and protein expression of nNOS was decreased in placental lysates of Ang II rats (respectively p = 0.0287 and p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate that we have recapitulated the PE model of Ang II infusion in rats. The expression of nNOS was reduced, and the localization of nNOS in the trophoblast suggested a new functional remodeling in the fetal vasculature.

In the placenta, decreased expression of AT2R and nNOS may be a novel mechanism of impaired fetal development.