bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model‐free conditional screening for ultrahigh‐dimensional survival data via conditional distance correlation
Authors: Cui Hengjian , Liu Yanyan , Mao Guangcai , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2022

How to select the active variables that have significant impact on the event of interest is a very important and meaningful problem in the statistical analysis of ultrahigh‐dimensional data. In many applications, researchers often know that a certain set of covariates are active variables from some previous investigations and experiences. With the knowledge of the important prior knowledge of active variables, we propose a model‐free conditional screening procedure for ultrahigh dimensional survival data based on conditional distance correlation. The proposed procedure can effectively detect the hidden active variables that are jointly important but are weakly correlated with the response. Moreover, it performs well when covariates are strongly correlated with each other. We establish the sure screening property and the ranking consistency of the proposed method and conduct extensive simulation studies, which suggests that the proposed procedure works well for practical situations. Then, we illustrate the new approach through a real dataset from the diffuse large‐B‐cell lymphoma studyS1.
“Toehold Switches; a foothold for Synthetic Biology”
Authors: Yarra Sai Sumanjali , Ashok Ganapathy , Mohan Utpal
Published: December 2022

Toehold switches are de novo designed riboregulators that contain two RNA components interacting through linear‐linear RNA interactions, regulating the gene expression. These are highly versatile, exhibit excellent orthogonality, wide dynamic range, and are highly programmable, so can be used for various applications in synthetic biology. In this review, we summarized and discussed the design characteristics and benefits of toehold switch riboregulators over conventional riboregulators. We also discussed applications and recent advancements of toehold switch riboregulators in various fields like gene editing, DNA nanotechnology, translational repression, and diagnostics (detection of microRNAs and some pathogens). Toehold switches, therefore, furnished advancement in synthetic biology applications in various fields with their prominent features.
A high‐resolution mass spectrometry–based methodology for characterization and identification of methylophiopogonanone B metabolites from cryopreserved hepatocytes and liver microsomes
Authors: Wu Dawei , Wang Chengcheng , Zhang Xiaolong , Xie Tiantian
Published: December 2022

Methylophiopogonanone B (MOB), one of the homoisoflavonoids isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus, has been demonstrated to possess antioxidative and antitumor activities. The aim of this work was to investigate the metabolism of MOB using liver microsomes and hepatocytes. MOB was individually incubated with rat, monkey, and human hepatocytes to generate the metabolites. To investigate the bioactivation pathways, MOB was incubated with liver microsomes in the presence of glutathione (GSH). All the metabolites were detected and identified using LC with a quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Under the current conditions, nine metabolites were identified in hepatocyte incubations. Of these metabolites, M7 derived from hydroxylation was identified as the most abundant metabolite in hepatocyte incubation. MOB was metabolized via demethylation, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. In liver microsomes, five GSH conjugates were detected and identified. MOB was subjected to bioactivation through demethylation yielding M9, which further formed quinone‐methide and ortho‐quinone intermediates, followed by GSH conjugation. This work is the first to study the metabolism of MOB, which will help us understand its disposition and efficacy.
Transient receptor potential ion channels and cerebral stroke
Authors: Xu Qin'yi , Zou Yan , Miao Zeng'li , Jiang Lei , Zhao Xu'dong
Published: December 2022

Methods

The databases Pubmed, and the National Library of Medicine were searched for literature. All papers on celebral stroke and transient receptor potential ion channels were considered.

Results

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability, with an increasing incidence in developing countries. About 75 per cent of strokes are caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries, and substantial advances have been made in elucidating mechanisms how stroke affects the brain. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are calcium‐permeable channels highly expressed in brain that drives Ca2+ entry into multiple cellular compartments. TRPC1/3/4/6, TRPV1/2/4, and TRPM2/4/7 channels have been implicated in stroke pathophysiology.

Conclusions

Although the precise mechanism of transient receptor potential ion channels in cerebral stroke is still unclear, it has the potential to be a therapeutic target for patients with stroke if developed appropriately. Hence, more research is needed to prove its efficacy in this context.
From sustainable value to shareholder value: The impact of sustainable governance and anti‐corruption programs on market valuation
Authors: Cardoni Andrea , Kiseleva Evgeniia , Arduini Simona , Terzani Simone
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the value relevance of corporate governance and anti‐corruption policies from a sustainable value perspective, basing the analysis on institutional and stakeholder theories. Using a sample of annual and sustainability reports of 110 listed companies of the world, published between 2018 and 2020, the study documents piecewise dependence between some components of sustainable value (i.e., governance and anti‐corruption) and market value for shareholders. Based on our findings, these components exert a significant positive influence on market performance for the sample of companies with an initial low level of these practices (beginners). However, companies with an already developed framework for sustainable governance and anti‐corruption (advanced) do not experience any significant fluctuations in market value in response to developments in respect of these components. Overall, the results suggest that unexpected activities and disclosure in respect of sustainable governance and anti‐corruption mechanisms are valued more highly by the market than new developments in initiatives and reporting where these mechanisms are already at mature levels. The research bridges the gap in the literature by explaining the influence of sustainable governance and anti‐corruption actions on market prices using piecewise regression; this contrasts with previous single‐model studies. Additionally, anti‐corruption is incorporated as a characteristic of sustainable governance in this research for the first time.
Employees' geographic social identity and group pro‐environmental behaviors: Cross‐cultural evidence from 45 countries
Authors: Zeng Kevin J. , Yu Irina Y. , Tso Scarlet H. , Yang Morgan X.
Published: December 2022

Employees' group pro‐environmental behaviors (PEBs) represent employees' collective efforts to combat critical global environmental problems. Drawing on social identity theory, we examined how employees' group PEBs can be inspired by different forms of geographic social identity (i.e., world identity, national identity, and regional identity). We analyzed data from the most recent (seventh) wave of the World Value Survey (2017–2022), which covers 34,951 employees from 45 nations. We found that employees' world identity contributed more than their regional identity and national identity to their engagement in group PEBs, by inducing a green orientation that prioritized environmental protection over economic growth. In addition, we obtained cross‐country evidence that the effect of world identity on green orientation is more pronounced in individualist than in collectivist societies. Our findings help to resolve inconsistencies in prior research regarding the theoretical link between social identity and PEBs and provide actionable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to facilitate group PEBs in organizations.
Three dimensional development and asymmetry of the corpus callosum in the 0–18 age group: A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Isiklar Sefa , Ozdemir Senem Turan , Ozkaya Güven , Ozpar Rıfat
Published: December 2022

Most of the corpus callosum (CC) developmental studies are concerned with its two‐dimensional structure. Linear and area measurements do not directly assess the CC size but estimate the overall structure from the cross‐sectional image. This study investigated age‐ and sex‐related changes in volumetric development and asymmetry of CC from birth to 18. For this retrospective study, we selected 696 patients (329 [47.27%] females) with both 3D‐T1‐weighted sequence and normal radiological anatomy from patients 0–18 years of age who had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2012 and 2020. The genu, body, splenium, and total volume of CC were calculated using MRICloud. The measurement results of 23 age groups were analyzed with SPSS (ver.28). Total CC volume was 18740.76 ± 4314.06 mm3 between 0 and 18 years of age, and its ratio to total brain volume (TBV) was 1.70% ± 0.23%. We observed that the total CC volume has six developmental periods 0 years, 1, 2–4, 5–9, 10–16, and 17–18 years. Genu and body grew in five developmental periods, while splenium in seven. There was intermittent sexual dimorphism in the CC volume in the first 4 years of life (p < 0.05). However, sex factor was insignificant in CC ratio to TBV. Total CC was right lateralized on average 1.81% (ranging −0.59% to 4.52%). Genu was 8.70% lateralized to the right, the body was 2.99% to the left, and the splenium was 1.41% to the right. The three‐dimensional development of CC agreed with the two‐dimensional developmental data of CC except for some differences.
An anatomical study of the tibial nerve branches innervating the posterior tibial artery
Authors: Lin Ren , Zhang Geng , Gan Kai‐yan , Zhuang Yue‐hong , Pan Rui‐Min , Zou Lin‐bing , Xie Yun , Zhao Xiao‐zhen
Published: December 2022

The arteries of the lower limbs are innervated by vascular branches (VBs) originating from the lumbar sympathetic trunk and branches of the spinal nerve. Although lumbar sympathectomy is used to treat nonreconstructive critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI), it has limited long‐term effects. In addition, the anatomical structure of tibial nerve (TN) VBs remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to clarify their anatomy and better inform the surgical approach for nonreconstructive CLLI. Thirty‐six adult cadavers were dissected under surgical microscopy to observe the patterns and origin points of VBs under direct vision. The calves were anatomically divided into five equal segments, and the number of VB origin points found in each was expressed as a proportion of the total found in the whole calf. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the sympathetic nerve fibers of the VBs. Our results showed that the TN gave off 3–4 VBs to innervate the posterior tibial artery (PTA), and the distances between VBs origin points and the medial tibial condyle were: 24.7 ± 16.3 mm, 91.7 ± 66.1 mm, 199.6 ± 52.0 mm, 231.7 ± 38.5 mm, respectively. They were mainly located in the first (40.46%) and fourth (31.68%) calf segments, and immunofluorescence staining showed that they contained tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive sympathetic nerve fibers. These findings indicate that the TN gives off VBs to innervate the PTA and that these contain sympathetic nerve fibers. Therefore, these VBs may need to be cut to surgically treat nonreconstructable CLLI.
Processing Mechanism of Massa Medicata Fermentata Based on the Correlation Analysis of Strains, Chemical Compositions and Anti‐Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Wanqiu , Fan Siqi , Yu Yuanyuan , Shi Zhaoxia , Liu Wenyuan , Wu Zongyao , Jiao Yuzhi , Tang Huiling , Zhang Jie , Xu Lijun , Feng Feng , Xu Jian
Published: December 2022

The traditional Chinese medicine of fermented medicine may be under the involvement of multiple strains and the interaction between these microorganisms. Liu Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata, MMF) is one of the most widely used fermented medicines, whose potential processing mechanism is still unclear. In this work, UPLC/MS and GNPS methods were employed to rapidly predict chemical compositions in MMF. Moreover, the dynamic changes of strains, chemical compositions and anti‐inflammatory activity of MMF during fermentation process were investigated, and subsequently strains‐chemical compositions‐efficacy interactions were revealed by Pearson correlation analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis. As a result, 24 components were identified, and the potential strains including Bacillus, Burkholderia_Caballeronia_Paraburkholderia, Enterobacter, Aspergillus heterocaryoticus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Kazachstania bulderi, which related to the production of anti‐inflammatory active ingredients were exposed. These results demonstrated chemical compositions‐strains‐efficacy interactions during fermentation of MMF, and provide reference for the exploration of the processing mechanism of MMF.
Selective Oxidation of Methane to Oxygenates using Oxygen via Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Wu Bo , Huang Min , Yu Xing , Liu Jin , Lin Tiejun , Zhong Liangshu
Published: December 2022

Selective oxidation of methane to oxygenates using low‐cost and environment‐friendly molecular oxygen (O2) under mild reaction conditions is a promising strategy but still remains grand challenge. It is of great importance to accelerate the activation of O2 to generate highly active oxygen species, such as hydroxyl peroxide and hydroxyl species to improve catalytic performance for selective oxidation of methane. Selective oxidation of methane using O2 by coupling with in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide via tandem catalysis ensures the easy formation of active oxygen species for methane activation, leading to high oxygenates productivity under mild conditions. In this concept, we summarized the recent progresses for selective oxidation of methane to oxygenates using O2 based on tandem catalysis by coupling with in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide. The remaining challenges and future perspectives for selective oxidation of methane to oxygenates via tandem catalysis were also proposed.
Stable Organic Radicals Participation in Charge Transfer: A New Strategy toward Molecular Functional Materials
Authors: Xu Jieqiong , Li Shengkai , Yang Yanxia , Chen Zhuo
Published: December 2022

Charge‐transfer (CT) engineering with inter‐/intramolecular CT interactions by simple compositions has emerged as a universal and efficient way to construct organic functional materials. Stable organic radicals with unique physicochemical properties that cannot be realized in closed‐shell molecules, have been widely demonstrated to be ideal building blocks to construct versatile organic CT materials. This concept article provides a brief overview of the advances in the design, structure and property of stable organic radicals‐based CT molecular functional materials, and the strategy for the generation of these materials is also highlighted. First, radicals are introduced as open‐shell donors or acceptors, with a focus on their importance and uniqueness in improving electrical, magnetic and optical properties of CT functional materials. Additionally, CT interactions in stable radical dimers and trimers are further discussed systematically. Finally, the challenges are summarized and perspectives for future development of stable organic radicals‐based CT functional materials are provided.
Fault diagnosis strategy for few shot industrial process based on data augmentation and depth information extraction
Authors: Tian Ying , Xiang Xin , Peng Xin , Yin Zhong , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

Intelligent fault diagnosis method is an important tool for ensuring the stability of industrial processes. However, in the actual industrial process, forming a fault diagnosis model with good performance is difficult because of the complexity of feature extraction and the lack of labelled fault data. Data enhancement on the basis of the original data is important. To address this problem, this study proposes a method called self‐attention embedded generative adversarial network combined with a residual network (SAGAN‐ResNet). First, to address the lack of fault data, the data augmentation method consisting of the self‐attention embedded generator and discriminator is adopted. Then, to extract the features for better diagnosis performance, the residual network (ResNet) is introduced based on the augmented training dataset. A comparison of the proposed method with others shows that it has advantages in the case of complex process fault diagnosis with few‐shot industrial data.
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases: Where do we stand?
Authors: Witmer Hunter D. D. , Dhiman Ankit , Turaga Kiran K.
Published: December 2022

Plain Language Summary

Patients with colorectal cancer that has spread to the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) benefit from surgery to remove all the cancer.

The addition of certain types of intra‐abdominal chemotherapy during surgery improves survival for select patients.
Synthesizing and comparing the different effects between internal and external corporate social responsibility perceptions and organizational citizenship behavior: A need theory perspective
Authors: Chen Xin , Hansen Eric , Cai Jianfeng
Published: December 2022

This study examines the comparative effects of internal and external CSR perceptions on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and focuses on two consequences to compare CSR perception types. It also attempts to develop logical linkages between CSR perceptions and OCB through individual‐level psychological mechanisms, perceived external prestige, and affective commitment. The study is centered around the Chinese manufacturing and service industries using an online data‐collection platform similar to Qualtrics. The structural equation modeling technique was based on 200 supervisor/subordinate dyads. The quantitative analysis utilized SPSS and AMOS software. Results demonstrate that internal CSR perception has more benefits for OCB than external CSR perception. Since internal CSR inputs are often neglected by companies, results provide scholars and managers with a new view to pay attention to the potential of internal CSR inputs.
Elucidating the Reaction Pathways of Veratrylglycero‐β‐Guaiacyl Ether Degradation over Metal‐Free Solid Acid Catalyst with Hydrogen**
Authors: Ruan Hao , Xu Zhangyang , Kumar Adarsh , Feng Maoqi , Lipton Andrew S. , Walter Eric D. , Gieleciak Rafal , Paudel Hari P. , Duan Yuhua , Yang Bin
Published: December 2022

Efficient cleavage of β‐O‐4 bonds in lignin to high‐yield aromatic compounds for the potential production of fuels and chemicals is vital for the economics of the modern biorefinery industry. This work is distinct in that a detailed mechanistic analysis of the reaction pathways of veratrylglycero‐β‐guaiacyl ether (VGE) catalyzed by transition‐metal‐free solid acid zeolite in aqueous conditions at high hydrogen pressure has been performed. VGE degradation produced high monomers yields (≈87 %), including guaiacol (48.2 %), 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol (10.3 %), 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐propanol (6.1 %), 3,4‐dimethoxyphenylpropanol (4.7 %), 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol (4.1 %), and 1,2‐dimethoxy‐4‐propylbenzene (2 %). The products were identified and confirmed by the in situ solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C NMR spectroscopy in real‐time conditions and the two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). A variety of products reveal the crucial role of hydrogen, water, and acid sites for heterolytic cleavage of the β‐O‐4 bond in VGE. Decarbonylation, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and dehydration reaction pathways are proposed and further validated using first‐principles calculations.
Highly Stable Supercapacitors Enabled by a New Conducting Polymer Complex PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x)**
Authors: Nie Shisong , Li Zongyu , Su Zhen , Jin Yingzhi , Song Haijun , Zheng Haolan , Song Jiaxing , Hu Lin , Yin Xinxing , Xu Zhiguang , Yao Yuyuan , Wang Hao , Li Zaifang
Published: December 2022

Herein, a novel conducting polymer complex PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x) [denoted as S‐PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x), where PEDOT is poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and PSS is poly(styrene sulfonate)], is fabricated with the assistance of zinc di[bis(trifluoromenthylsulfonyl) imide][Zn(TFSI)2] (CFE). The introduction of CF3SO2− group is expected to bring better stability of PEDOT:CF3SO2 than PEDOT:PSS due to its strong Coulomb force. Electrochemical measurement shows that a high specific capacitance of 194 F cm−3 was achieved from the novel complex S‐PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x), the highest value reported so far. An all‐solid‐state supercapacitor assembly with a structure of S‐PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x)/H2SO4:polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/S‐PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x) shows a record specific capacitance of 70.9 F cm−3 and a maximum energy density of 6.02 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 397 mW cm−3. This supercapacitor device demonstrates excellent electrochemical stability with a capacitance retention rate of 98 % after 10 000 cycles and extreme air stability of 96 % capacitance retention rate after 10 000 cycles, even if the device is exposed to air over 2880 h, much better than that of PEDOT:PSS based supercapacitors. Excellent capacitance can be achieved from PEDOT:CF3SO2(x)PSS(1‐x) electrode under electrolyte‐free conditions. This work provides a novel method for high performance stable supercapacitors and may pave the way for the commercialization of PEDOT based supercapacitors.
Modeling temperature dynamic effects for high‐power light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Kyatam Shusmitha , Rodrigues Luis , Alves Luis N. , Maslovski Stanislav I. , Mendes Joana C.
Published: December 2022

Temperature is a dynamic variable in most electronic devices. As the device operates, it generates heat, which translates in a temperature increase. Available models commonly disregard these variations due to the fact that they manifest at very large time scales. However, temperature dynamic effects have profound implications on the device model and on our common understanding. This paper discusses implications of considering the temperature variations on the current–voltage characteristic curves of power light‐emitting diodes. The main theoretical results establish that the current equation has a memristive nature when temperature is assumed as a dynamical state variable. This hypothesis is then validated experimentally.
Quality of service‐aware coexistence in unlicensed 5G new radio based on time‐domain virtualization
Authors: Zimmo Sara , Moubayed Abdallah , Hussein Ahmed Refaey , Shami Abdallah
Published: December 2022

The deployment of mobile systems is facing several challenges. Precisely, the lack of available licensed bands limits the network capacity, affecting the quality of service (QoS). Consequently, there has been significant interest in utilizing the unlicensed spectrum for mobile data traffic. 3GPP proposed and improved the coexistence of LTE and Wi‐Fi in the unlicensed band starting in Release 13 and the following releases, such as LTE‐LAA and 5G NR‐U. This will cause significant interference and drastically affects the Wi‐Fi users' QoS. To that end, we propose the use of time‐domain virtualization between 5G NR‐U and Wi‐Fi systems. In particular, a scheduling algorithm is proposed, where the sharing mechanism is allocated in time slots rather than allocating a subband frequency for each technology. 5G use cases have different QoS requirements and our proposed solution aims at meeting these requirements. Accordingly, the performance is evaluated by studying the impact of resource virtualization and the coexistence configuration. Simulation results confirm that the minimum rate and maximum delay constraints are met. Moreover, it is shown that resource virtualization improves the throughput in both technologies. Furthermore, the delay performance is displayed for both 5G NR‐U and Wi‐Fi to show any impact of time‐sharing coexistence.
A novel 3D cell culture model to study the human small intestinal immune landscape
Authors: Schimpel Christa , Passegger Christina , Egger Simone , Tam‐Amersdorfer Carmen , Strobl Herbert
Published: December 2022

Several subsets of mononuclear phagocytes and DCs (MDC) populate the small intestine (SI), and these cells reportedly exert specialized functions in anti‐microbial immunity and tolerance. Given the specialized phenotype of these cells, differing from other MDC family members, including their putative circulating blood precursors, local intestinal factors play key instructive roles in their differentiation. We designed an SI cell culture model composed of three intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) types, including absorptive enterocytes (E cells), antigen delivering microfold (M) cells, and mucus‐producing goblet (G) cells plus T lymphocytes and soluble B cell‐derived factors. This model was used to study the differentiation fate of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell‐derived monocyte/DC precursors. Progeny cells can be analyzed after a 3‐week co‐culture period, mimicking the physiologic turn‐over time of intestinal MDC. A dominant monocyte differentiation pathway was suppressed, in favor of partial differentiation along DC and macrophage pathways, with low percentages of cells acquired DC or macrophage markers. Moreover, E and G cells play opposing roles in CX3CR1+ vs CD103dim cell differentiation, indicating that both together might counter‐balance M/DC differentiation. Thus, SI epithelial cells suppress M/DC differentiation, supporting a key role for exogenous factors in M/DC differentiation.
Perovskite Films Doped with Polyoxometalate and Ionic Liquid Assisted Crystallization for Efficient Photodetectors
Authors: Zhi Jingjing , Xu Xueying , Duan Sijie , Chen Weilin , Li Fengrui , Guo Xiangwei , Hou Yinan
Published: December 2022

The dependence of perovskite‐based photovoltaic devices on toxic solvents limits their applications. Therefore, we added polyoxometalates into ionic liquids, as the green solvent and polyoxometalates synergistically improve the performance of devices. Firstly, methylammonium formate (MAFa) as solvent delayed the crystallization process of perovskite thin films, thus obtained an extended crystal domain, and the photocurrent of the device was increased from 35.51 μA to 63.18 μA. Secondly, introducing PW12 into this green solvent system, the matched energy level and good electron transmission rate promoted the separation of photogenerated excitons and accelerated the transmission of photogenerated electrons in perovskite. After dual adjustment of MAFa and PW12, the photocurrent of the champion device reached 95.99 μA (about 2.7 times of the original device), the unpacked devices can still maintain 80 % of initial value after being placed under environmental conditions for 700 h.
A Comparative Study on Response Surface Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Parameters to Obtain Portulaca Oleracea Seed Oil with Higher Bioactive Content and Antioxidant Activity Than Solvent Extraction
Authors: Hossein Zadeh Janan , Özdikicierler Onur , Pazır Fikret
Published: December 2022

Portulaca oleracea (purslane) seed oil is a rich source of omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids. Extraction of the purslane seed oil while preserving its high nutritive quality has been a challenge since conventional solvent extraction has many adverse effects on bioactive content. This study aims the optimization of purslane seed oil supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions and to compare purslane seed oils obtained with SFE and conventional solvent extraction in terms of oil yield, along with the purslane seed oil quality and bioactive content. For this purpose, the SFE process parameters (pressure, temperature, static time, and dynamic time) are optimized for oil yield, omega‐6, omega‐3, and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum SFE pressure, temperature, static time, and dynamic time levels are determined as 350 bar, 50 °C, 20 min, and 90 min, respectively. Oil yield and physicochemical quality properties of conventional solvent extract and SFE samples are determined and compared. Consequently, samples obtained via SFE and solvent extraction have similar quality properties. Distinctly, SFE allows an extraction with 5.6% higher total phenolic compound (TPC) and 33% higher antioxidant activity than solvent extraction.

Practical Applications: In the study, the extraction of purslane oil using supercritical fluid extraction is optimized with different approaches. At optimum conditions, purslane oil is extracted and all physicochemical properties and the process efficiency (yield) are compared with the solvent‐extracted samples. The results of this study make supercritical fluid extraction of purslane seed oil possible since all optimum operating conditions of a pilot‐sized extractor are reported in the study. It is believed that the results provide a good starting point for industrial operations. Moreover, researchers also believe that research studies unveiling the new potential oil‐bearing seeds are important to overcome the vegetable oil shortage that emerged this year.
A computational study on the optimization of transcranial temporal interfering stimulation with high‐definition electrodes using unsupervised neural networks
Authors: Bahn Sangkyu , Lee Chany , Kang Bo‐Yeong
Published: December 2022

Transcranial temporal interfering stimulation (tTIS) can focally stimulate deep parts of the brain related to specific functions using beats at two high frequencies that do not individually affect the human brain. However, the complexity and nonlinearity of the simulation limit it in terms of calculation time and optimization precision. We propose a method to quickly optimize the interfering current value of high‐definition electrodes, which can finely stimulate the deep part of the brain, using an unsupervised neural network (USNN) for tTIS. We linked a network that generates the values of electrode currents to another network, which is constructed to compute the interference exposure, for optimization by comparing the generated stimulus with the target stimulus. Further, a computational study was conducted using 16 realistic head models. We also compared tTIS with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), in terms of performance and characteristics. The proposed method generated the strongest stimulation at the target, even when targeting deep areas or performing multi‐target stimulation. The high‐definition tTISl was less affected than tACS by target depth, and mis‐stimulation was reduced compared with the case of using two‐pair inferential stimulation in deep region. The optimization of the electrode currents for the target stimulus could be performed in 3 min. Using the proposed USNN for tTIS, we demonstrated that the electrode currents of tTIS can be optimized quickly and accurately. Moreover, we confirmed the possibility of precisely stimulating the deep parts of the brain via transcranial electrical stimulation.
Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in sex estimation: An additional 3DCT study from Nepal on a larger sample
Authors: Atreya Alok , Shrestha Rijen , Bhandari Kiran , Malla Saurav K. , Acharya Sumnima , Menezes Ritesh G.
Published: December 2022

Background

Estimation of sex of the skeletal remains plays a vital part in the identification of an individual. This study is focused on the morphometric measurements of the foramen magnum region and examining the accuracy of sexual dimorphism in the Nepalese population.

Methods

Measurements were obtained from 3D computed tomography (CT) scan of 261 Nepalese adult cranial bases with known age and sex. Length and breadth of the foramen magnum, length and breadth of right and left occipital condyles and maximum and minimum intercondylar distance were measured on the base of the skull CT images.

Results

The mean values for all parameters were higher in males than females except for the maximum intercondylar distance. Sex prediction done with discriminant function analysis could classify the skull with an overall accuracy of 70.5%–71%.

Conclusions

It can be concluded from the results that the morphometric study of the foramen magnum is less reliable for sex estimation in the Nepalese population.
Estimating water fluxes in the critical zone using water stable isotope approaches in the Groundnut and Ferlo basins of Senegal
Authors: Diongue Djim M. L. , Stumpp Christine , Roupsard Olivier , Orange Didier , Do Frederic C. , Faye Serigne
Published: December 2022

Sustainable water management in semi‐arid agriculture practices requires quantitative knowledge of water fluxes within the soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere system. Therefore, we used stable‐isotope approaches to evaluate evaporation (Ea), transpiration (Ta), and groundwater recharge (R) at sites in Senegal's Groundnut basin and Ferlo Valley pasture region during the pre‐monsoon, monsoon, and post‐monsoon seasons of 2021. The approaches were based upon (i) the isothermal evaporation model (for quantifying Ea); (ii) water and isotope mass balances (to partition Ea and Ta for groundnut and pasture); and (iii) the piston displacement method (for estimating R). Ea losses derived from the isothermal evaporation model corresponded primarily to Stage II evaporation, and ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 mm d−1 in the Groundnut basin, versus 0.02–0.11 mm d−1 in Ferlo. At the groundnut site, Ea rates ranged from 0.01 to 0.69 mm d−1; Ta was in the range 0.55–2.29 mm d−1; and the Ta/ETa ratio was 74%–90%. At the pasture site, the ranges were 0.02–0.39 mm d−1 for Ea; 0.9–1.69 mm d−1 for Ta; and 62–90% for Ta/ETa. The ETa value derived for the groundnut site via the isotope approach was similar to those from eddy covariance measurements, and also to the results from the previous validated HYDRUS‐1D model. However, the HYDRUS‐1D model gave a lower Ta/ETa ratio (23.2%). The computed groundwater recharge for the groundnut site amounted to less than 2% of the local annual precipitation. Recommendations are made regarding protocols for preventing changes to isotopic compositions of water in samples that are collected in remote arid regions, but must be analysed days later. The article ends with suggestions for studies to follow up on evidence that local aquifers are being recharged via preferential pathways.
Inventory information arrival and the crude oil futures market
Authors: Chebbi Tarek , Hmedat Waleed
Published: December 2022

The objective of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into the impact of weekly inventory announcements and especially their associated surprises on crude oil returns and volatility during the period from 27 March 2012 to 2 October 2018. The results can be summarized as follows. First, we find that all inventory surprises exert an inverse impact on the oil price returns. Such impact appears more pronounced during the collapse and post‐collapse periods, than during the pre‐collapse period. Second, we show that the reducing volatility effects of inventory shocks that we establish for the whole period are entirely attributed to those observed in the pre‐collapse period. Third, the different effects obtained for positive and negative shocks support evidence that our split of inventory news by nature matters. Fourth, compared to macroeconomic and unconventional monetary news, the inventory statements appear as the most pertinent news during the event window. Fifth, we find evidence also that the effect of the uncertainty about economic stance, when it is significant, changes the way the oil prices and volatility react to inventory surprises, and hence weakens the effectiveness of the inventory policy. Lastly, we make an original use of the information content of the implied volatility to assess the persistence of the link between the conditional variance and the inventory news. The central finding is that the implied volatility enters with a significant effect on the conditional variance for WTI oil returns and namely with a reduced volatility persistence. Also, a significant effect from inventory surprises namely when we split the announcements into negative and positive news is detected even the implied volatility is introduced exogenously in the GARCH‐type variance specification highlighting the predominance of our main variable.
Postpartum severe acute maternal morbidity according to gestational age at delivery in twin pregnancies: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Loussert Lola , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Seco Aurélien , Goffinet François , Korb Diane , Schmitz Thomas ,   for the JUmeaux MODe d'Accouchement (JUMODA) study group and the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG)
Published: December 2022

Objective

To assess the association between gestational age at delivery and postpartum severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) in twin pregnancies.

Methods

Secondary analysis of the JUMODA cohort, a national, prospective, population‐based study of twin pregnancies in France. We excluded women with delivery before 32 weeks of pregnancy, with a fetal death or medical termination, with antepartum SAMM, or with antepartum conditions responsible for postpartum SAMM. The primary outcome was a composite of postpartum SAMM. We assessed the association between gestational age at delivery and SAMM by using multivariable multilevel modified Poisson regression modeling.

Results

Among the 7713 women included, 410 (5.3%) developed postpartum SAMM. Compared with the reference category of 37 weeks of pregnancy, the risk of postpartum SAMM was significantly lower for all categories of earlier gestational age at delivery (from an adjusted relative risk [RR] of 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.68 at 32 weeks to an adjusted RR of 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.94 at 36 weeks), and did not differ for later gestational ages.

Conclusion

In twin pregnancies, compared with delivery at 37 weeks of pregnancy, delivery at earlier gestational ages was associated with a lower risk of postpartum SAMM. Continuing pregnancy beyond 37 weeks of pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of postpartum SAMM.
Fetal malpresentation following mechanical labor induction
Authors: Bart Yossi , Meyer Raanan , Yoeli Rakefet , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Tsur Abraham , Levin Gabriel , Sibai Baha M. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Bartal Michal Fishel
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate whether the risk of fetal malpresentation following mechanical labor induction could be accurately predicted.

Methods

A retrospective study, including all individuals who underwent labor induction at a single tertiary medical center between March 2011 and May 2021. Cohorts of pharmacological (n = 16 480) and mechanical labor induction (n = 6864) were compared, determining malpresentation rate following induction. Individuals with and without fetal malpresentation following balloon placement were compared.

Results

Malpresentation following balloon placement occurred in 62 patients (0.9%). Those patients with malpresentation following balloon placement were older, had higher body mass index during labor, higher parity, polyhydramnios, higher fetal station at the start of labor induction, and delivered at an earlier gestational age compared with control patients. The combined presence of at least three of these risk factors was associated with a malpresentation rate of 8% (7/88) and yielded a positive likelihood ratio of 9.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.57–19.7). A prediction model using these variables was not sufficiently accurate to predict the risk of malpresentation following balloon labor induction; a calculated area under the generated receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 (95% CI 0.72–0.84).

Conclusion

Several risk factors were identified for malpresentation following mechanical labor induction, although these were of low predictive value.
Single‐visit long‐acting reversible contraception provision and pregnancy rates within 3 months
Authors: Manhiça Suzana I. , Bahamondes Luis , Laporte Montas , Anjos Fabiana , Viscola Marco , Garcia Elaine , Paiva Lucia C.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To assess the occurrence of pregnancy in a cohort of women who received a copper intrauterine device (IUD), hormonal IUDs or an etonogestrel (ENG) contraceptive implant at a single‐visit practice.

Methods

Prospective study conducted at the University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. We obtained data from four ongoing studies including both the date of the device placement, the first day of the last menstrual period, and the occurrence of pregnancy up to 3 months after device placement.

Results

We included 2479 device placements (413 TCu380A IUDs, 1476 hormonal IUD and 590 ENG implants). Almost half of the device placements (1113/2479; 44.9%) were performed within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle. We observed three pregnancies: one in an ENG implant user who received the implant within days 1–5 of the menstrual cycle; one in a woman who received a hormonal IUD during days 6–10 of the menstrual cycle; and one in a copper IUD user with placement during days 21–25 of menstrual cycle.

Conclusions

Single‐visit long‐acting reversible contraception placements are a good strategy with overall very low pregnancy rates. This strategy has a potential to reduce unintended pregnancies and to reduce costs and barriers to both women and the healthcare system.
A survey of patient‐centered practices in perinatal quality collaboratives
Authors: McGowan Makazhia , D'Amico Mara , Kang Minji , Ling Vivian , Moniz Michelle H. , Morgan Daniel M. , Peahl Alex F.
Published: December 2022

Synopsis

Perinatal quality collaboratives must incorporate patient and community member preferences in the design and evaluation of quality improvement initiatives to achieve truly patient‐centered maternity care.
Rapid deterioration of renal function following coronavirus disease 2019 in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Machiya Seigo , Nakazawa Shigeaki , Fukae Shota , Tanaka Ryo , Taniguchi Ayumu , Yamanaka Kazuaki , Takahara Shiro , Namba‐Hamano Tomoko , Imamura Ryoichi , Nonomura Norio
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic emerged in December 2019. Renal transplant recipients receiving chronic immunosuppression are considered to be at a high risk of infection. Aside from upper respiratory tract symptoms, coronavirus disease 2019 has also been reported to cause acute kidney injury in 20–50% of infected cases.

Case presentation

A 62‐year‐old male renal transplant recipient presented with high fever, diarrhea, and cough, concurrent with rapid deterioration of graft function. The patient tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019. The pathological findings of the graft biopsy revealed diffuse flattening of tubular epithelial cells and extensive loss of the brush border in proximal tubular cells. Mycophenolate mofetil was discontinued and sotrovimab, remdesivir, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravenous methylprednisolone were administered, resulting in gradual improvements in clinical symptoms and renal function.

Conclusion

We describe a case of a coronavirus disease 2019‐infected kidney transplant recipient who developed severe acute kidney injury caused by severe acute tubular necrosis.
The effect of melatonin on glycoprotein levels and oxidative liver injury in experimental diabetes
Authors: Ertik Onur , Sener Goksel , Yanardag Refiye
Published: December 2022

In this present study, the duration of melatonin (Mel) administered to diabetic rats was prolonged so as to examine its effects on the biochemical liver parameters of diabetic rats. In the experiment, Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups; the control, diabetic + Mel, diabetic, diabetic + insulin, and diabetic + Mel + insulin. Diabetes mellitus was induced by administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and rats were given vehicle as a solvent for Mel every day for 12 weeks. In the diabetic + Mel group, diabetic rats were administered Mel (10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks to treat diabetes. The diabetic + insulin group were diabetic rats given insulin (6 U/kg) subcutaneously for 12 weeks. The diabetic + Mel + insulin rats received insulin and Mel at the same dose and time. At the end of the experiment, the animals were decapitated and liver tissues were taken. The protective effect of Mel on liver tissue of diabetic rats was investigated, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress index, adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, paraoxonase 1, sodium/potassium ATPase, myeloperoxidase, γ‐glutamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, homocysteine, nitric oxide, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycoprotein levels were determined in liver tissues. Treatment with Mel and/or insulin has been found to have a protective effect on biochemical parameters. The results showed that administration of Mel to diabetic rats prevented the distortion of the studied biochemical parameters of liver tissues.
Unraveling solvent‐dependent hydrogen bonding interaction and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer behavior for 2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol: A theoretical study
Authors: Dong Hao , Jiang Wenkun , Lv Gang , Han Yinghui
Published: December 2022

Organic chemosensors with excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior have attracted much attention because it has great potential in a wide range of applications. Considering the paramount behavior of excited‐state relaxation, in this work, we mainly focus on deciphering photo‐induced hydrogen bonding effects and ESIPT mechanism for the novel 2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol (mCzOH) dye. Considering the effects of different solvents on excited‐state dynamics of mCzOH flurophore, we adopt four solvents with different polarities. Analyses of fundamental structural changes, infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, and core valence partition index between S0 and S1 state, we confirm hydrogen bond OH···N of mCzOH should be enhanced via photoexcitation. Especially, the increase of solvent polarity could promote hydrogen bonding strengthening degree. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) resulting from photoexcitation qualitatively facilitates the ESIPT occurrence to a large extent. For further checking and probing into ESIPT mechanism, via constructing potential energy curves (PECs) in four solvents, we clarify the ESIPT behavior for mCzOH. Most worthy of mention is that polar solvent plays critical roles in lowering potential barrier of ESIPT reaction and in facilitating ESIPT process. We not only clarify the detailed excited‐state process, but also present the solvent‐polarity‐dependent ESIPT mechanism for mCzOH fluorophore.