bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Contributing to Student Retention in Online Learning and Recommended Strategies for Improvement: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Salim Muljana Pauline , Luo Tian
Published: January 2019

Aim/Purpose: This systematic literature review investigates the underlying factors that influence the gap between the popularity of online learning and its completion rate. The review scope within this paper includes an observation of possible causal aspects within the non-ideal completion rates in online learning environments and an identification of recommended strategies to increase retention rates.

Background: While online learning is increasingly popular, and the number of online students is steadily growing, student retention rates are significantly lower than those in the traditional environment. Despite the multitude of studies, many institutions are still searching for solutions for this matter.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on 40 studies published between 2010 and 2018. We established a set of criteria to guide the selection of eligible articles including topic relevance (aligned with the research questions), empirical studies, and publication time frame. Further steps were performed through a major database searching, abstract screening, full-text analysis, and synthesis process.

Contribution: This study adds to expanding literature regarding student retention and strategies in online learning environments within the higher education setting.

Findings: Revealed factors include institutional support, the level difficulty of the programs, promotion of a sense of belonging, facilitation of learning, course design, student behavioral characteristics, and demographic variables along with other personal variables. The recommended strategies identified for improving student retention are early interventions, at-all-times supports for students, effective communication, support for faculty teaching online classes, high-quality instructional feedback and strategies, guidance to foster positive behavioral characteristics, and collaboration among stakeholders to support online students.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Since factors within the open systems of online learning are interrelated, we recommend a collective effort from multiple stakeholders when addressing retention issues in online learning.

Recommendation for Researchers: We recommend that fellow scholars consider focusing on each influential factor and recommendation in regard to student retention in online learning environments as synthesized in this study. Findings will further enrich the literature on student retention in online learning environments.

Future Research: Future research may investigate various data-mining and analytics techniques pertaining to detection and prediction of at-risk students, the efficacy of student support and faculty support programs, and ways to encourage struggling students to adopt effective strategies that potentially engender positive learning behaviors.
A debreceni Stomatologiai Klinika története Adler Péter professzor vezetése alatt (1946–1979)
Authors: Kelentey Barna
Published: January 2019

History of the Stomatology Clinic in Debrecen under the Leadership of Professor Péter Adler (1946–1979). With the approaching front of the 2nd World War in October 9, 1944, Professor András Csilléry head of the Stomatology Clinic left Debrecen because of his political views, so the institution remained without a leader until 17th November. Thereafter as a substitute, trainees then Stefánia Morvay Assistant Lecturer under the supervision of Professor Gyula Verzár was the head. From June 20, 1946, Péter Adler was assigned to the lead, which was one of the longest leading positions of the Faculty of Medicine since he was director of the clinic until July 1, 1979. Péter Adler graduated from the University of Vienna, where he specialized in the field of Dentistry and worked at the Department of Orthodontics at the Polyclinic of Vienna, while in spring 1939 he had to return home for political reasons. During the war he worked as a translator and then assigned to forced labor, and after the war, he was placed to the Stomatology Clinic in Debrecen. From 1948 he worked as a chief clinician, in 1952 he became candidate of sciences (CSc), and in 1953 he was appointed as a university professor. He received Doctor of Science (DSc) degree in 1957. He was a member of the editorial board of several foreign professional journals, he was accepted by several international editorial boards, wrote several textbooks. He translated two books written by others into German. He was chairman of the Association of Hungarian Dentists and Editor-in-Chief of the Stomatologica Hungarica. The main topics of the research at the Stomatology Clinic are: examination of hypersensitivity to dental anesthetics, clarification of many details of caries epidemiology, proof of the protective effect of fluoride against caries. Under his leadership there was a dynamic scientific work on the Stomatology Clinic, proven by the fact that between 1945–1980 12 books, 487 publications, book chapters and monographs appeared, which was unique among similar national institutions. He lay down the fundaments of the dental education in 1976 and contributed the architectural and professional requirements of the new Stomatology Clinic in 1981.
Toward a Learning Progression of Complex Systems Understanding
Authors: Yoon Susan , Goh Sao-Ee , Yang Zhitong
Published: January 2019

Recent research on what students know about complex systems shows that they typically have challenges in understanding particular system ideas such as nonlinearity, complex causality, and decentralized control. Yet this research has yet to adopt a systematic approach to learning about complex systems in an ordered way in line with the Next Generation Science Standards’ call for learning pathways that guide teaching and learning along a developmental continuum. In this paper, we propose that learning progressions research can provide a conceptual framework for identifying a learning pathway to complex systems understanding competence. As a first step in developing a progression, we articulate a sequence of complex systems ideas, from the least to most difficult, by analyzing students’ written responses using an item response theory model. Results show that the easiest ideas to comprehend are those that relate to levels or scales within systems and the interconnected nature of systems. The most difficult ideas to grasp are those related to the decentralized organization of the system and the unpredictable or nondeterministic nature of effects. We discuss implications for this research in terms of developing curricular content that can guide learning experiences in grades 8–12 science education.
A educação enquanto promotora de uma cultura de paz:o foco nas questões de gênero e sexualidade
Authors: Oliveira Márcio de , Peixoto Reginaldo , Maio Eliane Rose
Published: January 2019

É basilar destacar que o processo educativo deve contribuir para a promoção de uma cultura de paz: diminuindo as mais variadas formas de discriminação e práticas violentas. Assim, o objetivo geral deste manuscrito é discutir sobre a Educação enquanto busca de relações cidadãs, enaltecendo uma prática pedagógica que combata a discriminação relacionada a gênero e à sexualidade. Optou-se por pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para alcançar os objetivos previamente propostos e apresentados. Assim, o presente texto se justifica pelo entendimento de que as práticas pedagógicas devam ser organizadas, pensadas e realizadas buscando alcançar a cultura de paz, minimizando – sempre – qualquer forma de violência. A partir do exposto, conclui-se que a prática educativa é uma ferramenta fundamental para o alcance de uma sociedade de paz, sendo que não bastam apenas documentos oficiais – mesmo esses sendo fundamentais – mas, é preciso, também, criticidade dos/as docentes, instrumentos de trabalho adequados, ambiente que proporcione uma prática emancipadora, força política etc., ou seja, é necessário um conjunto de ações concatenadas.

Palavras-chave: Gênero; Sexualidade; Educação; Cultura de Paz.
Relações de gênero e educação: uma política construída na (des)igualdade
Authors: Mochi Luciene Celina Cristina
Published: January 2019

O artigo analisa as relações existentes entre igualdade/desigualdade como possibilidade política e afirmativa de se perceber as diferenças não como modos assimétricos de separação, mas como meios de promover democracia na educação escolar. A instituição educativa é um sistema social e exatamente por isso é repleto de pluralidades e desigualdades que, quando trabalhadas a partir da perspectiva do reconhecimento das diferenças como possíveis, deixam o lugar de ‘não iguais’ para ocuparem o lugar de ‘pertencimento’. Espera-se que o texto possa contribuir para o entendimento das práticas educacionais como ferramentas para a mediação entre os conhecimentos produzidos historicamente pela escola e a relação com as desigualdades encontradas no seu espaço educativo, promovendo visibilidade para as múltiplas relações existentes no cotidiano escolar especialmente, para o reconhecimento da cidadania.

Palavras-chave: Desigualdades e Diferenças; Relações de Gênero; Educação Escolar.
Las tecnologias de información y comunicación y sus implicaciones es el proceso de humanización
Authors: Victoria Velásquez María , Enrique Camacho
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de la investigación fue utilizar estrategias pedagógicas, que permitan incorporar las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación a la dinámica del aula como proceso humanizador, para desarrollar las competencias tecnológicas en los estudiantes de la UPEL y favorecer  la autonomía, el aprendizaje continuo a lo largo de la vida, el pensamiento crítico y la comprensión de la realidad para su transformación. La metodología utilizada fue investigación-acción educativa. La población objeto de estudio estuvo representada por 58 estudiantes del 3er y 4to semestre de los periodos 2016-I y 2017-I, del área de investigación. Los resultados muestran que: a) Los estudiantes reconocen la importancia de las TIC y lo que implica para el mundo de hoy desarrollar las competencias tecnológicas. b) Existe desconocimiento y confusión al momento de utilizar las TIC para la actividad pedagógica de aula.  b) La motivación juega un papel importante para promover una cultura digital e incursionar en el uso de las TIC. c) Entre los estudiantes existen opiniones encontradas entre las ventajas y desventajas del uso de las TIC en la educación. d) Las acciones formativas estuvo enfocada en promover en el aula de clases la interacción social y el trabajo colaborativo para fortalecer las competencias comunicativas a través de la apropiación del uso de las TIC, e) se fomentara la comunicación tanto interpersonal, como colectiva e individual F) A pesar de estos resultados se mantienen aún posturas escépticas y críticas relativas al uso de las TIC en el aula de clases, sustentadas en experiencias negativas, dificultades, barreras y obstáculos que se presentan a la hora de hacer la práctica pedagógica, apoyada en recursos didácticos netamente tradicionales y predominando el uso del correo electrónico como herramienta de comunicación.

Palabras claves: Competencias tecnológicas; estrategias pedagógicas; pedagogía de la humanización y TIC.
Determinants of Vietnamese Colleges’ Academic Performance: The Second Stage Bootstrapping DEA Approach
Authors: Tran Dung Thi Thanh
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to examine the determinants of the academic performance of 141 colleges in Vietnam in 2011/12–2013/14. The second-stage bootstrapping data envelopment analysis is proposed to estimate performance of colleges and investigate the effects of environmental factors on their performance. The findings reveal that colleges in the surveyed sample are not technically efficient in their operations. To obtain the full efficiency of unity, colleges could potentially improve their efficiencies, on average, 37.7 per cent for colleges. However, inefficiencies of colleges are not entirely a result of managerial performance. Instead, external factors including location, age, and ownership are presented as key influencers on inefficiencies of colleges. Our results are expected to provide more understanding of the operational efficiencies of colleges for educational managers and policy makers on the way seeking possible solutions to enhancing innovation in performance of Vietnamese colleges.
Development of EFL Students’ Writing in Secondary Education
Authors: Lahuerta Ana Cristina
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to explore and measure language learners’ performance in L2 writing production using the complexity, accuracy, and fluency constructs. A total of 123 secondary education students took part in the study. Results are manifold. In the first place, they show that the measures of fluency, accuracy, grammatical and lexical complexity progress in a significant way: fourth grade students outperform first graders in the aforementioned measures. Secondly, fewer correlations between the writing measures used and the general quality of the compositions are found among the older students than among the younger ones, indicating that the correlations change depending on learners’ age. Thirdly, 1st year students exhibit a higher ratio of errors, both in general and also by error category, although only two types decrease significantly in 4th year students: syntactic and spelling errors. Lastly, we find that errors tend to develop in a non-linear way.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ЩОДО АДАПТАЦІЇ УЧАСНИКІВ АТО, ВПО В СИСТЕМІ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Гончаренко Ірина Миколаївна
Published: January 2019

Successful social adaptation of ATO participants and internally displaced persons (IDPs) contributes to enhancing the economy, developing social relations, culture and political stability along with reducing social tension, smoothing the depopulation effects in the host communities, etc. The concentration of refugees and IDPs varies across the regions of Ukraine, however, the problem of their social adaptation is relevant to all regions of the country and the entire Ukrainian society. Social adaptation of ATO participants and IDPs is defined as the establishment of optimal relationships with social institutions, authorities and groups in the territory of their residence; reinforcement of the trend towards partnerships with other groups based on the alignment of indicators of their social and economic status; normalization of moral and psychological well-being of IDPs based on the feelings of belongingness to local community; awareness and acceptance of shared values, beliefs and norms. The research hypothesis relies on the total array of scientific statements, mechanisms and institutes of economic and social adaptation of ATO participants and internally displaced persons (IDPs) that allows exploring the factors of their capacity to business reintegration. It is proved that the quality of integration of ATO participants and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in host communities is associated with overcoming serious problems and challenges, some of them have not been resolved so far even in relatively wealthy democracies. Apparently, the major barrier is the lack of resources, if the government fails to provide necessary funding from the state budget or find additional assets from the international community, the integration of ATO participant and internally displaced persons (IDPs) will hardly move on at a desired pace. It is specified that integration and adaptation are complex processes and do not suggest quick standard scenarios. Not all the proposed measures and actions provide for cost increase; however, a number of qualitative improvements are needed.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ НА ЗАСАДАХ ТРАНСКОРДОННОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА
Authors: Зарічна Олена Володимирівна
Published: January 2019

The paper discusses the research findings on building innovation infrastructure in the framework of cross-border partnerships within the European vector of foreign economic relations development. The key strategic areas for creating business incubators and enhancing integration processes in terms of cross-border partnerships are identified. The alternative ways of funding innovative projects and providing support for innovation infrastructure in the context of cross-border collaboration in the form of public-private partnerships are suggested. The paper argues that public-private partnerships in cross-border cooperation involves not the whole spectrum of relations between communities within the territories of neighbouring states but only those that are associated with general use public infrastructure development and related services provision. Evidence is given that, on the one hand, cross-border infrastructure itself acts as an object of investment, and on the other one, is an essential prerequisite of investment attractiveness and economic growth. It is briefly explained that building an innovation infrastructure on the basis of cross-border partnerships will contribute to: improving the business climate and building environment for investments inflow into Ukrainian economic regions; increasing turnover, boosting small and medium entrepreneurship; creating and maintaining cross-border economic and business incubators, clusters, enhancing and further developing of infrastructure. It is specified that the integration of the developed innovation infrastructure with education, research and business brought together provides for building efficient industry innovation chains, implementing the full cycle of competitive scientific and technological product development – from a research idea to a large-scale manufacturing.
The influence of reward and feedback toward task Performance and the mediation
Authors: Kurniawan Ignatius Soni , Hutami Lusia Tria Hatmanti
Published: January 2019

This research aims to test the mediation of organizational citizenship behavior between rewards and recognition toward task performance and the mediation of perceived organizational support between feedbacks from job toward task performance. This research performed on SMEs craft employee in Kasongan, Bantul, with total of 114 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling only to employee with two years work experience and concurrently did not work as an owner. The result showed that organizational citizenship behavior did not mediate rewards and recognition toward task performance, but only perceived organizational support mediated between feedbacks from job toward task performance.
PERLINDUNGAN PATEN TERHADAP SOFTWARE DAN APLIKASI ATAS HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL
Authors: cantika Devi
Published: January 2019

AbstractPaten sebagai konstruksi hukum memberikan perlindungan terhadap Software dan Aplikasi bagi penemuan yang memenuhi persyaratan paten, yaitu: unsur kebaruan dari penemuan dan perlindungan. Langkah inventif yang terkandung dalam penemuan; serta dapat atau tidaknya penemuan diterapkan dalam industri. Untuk menciptakan kepastian perlindungan, hakim harus memperhatikan spesifikasi paten (dalam klaim) dan kebaruan penemuan tersebut di seluruh dunia, juga function-way-result test, terutama dalam kasus ini. Dalam pengajuan paten diwajibkan untuk mengungkapkan secara tepat unsur-unsur dari penemuan yang dimintakan perlindungan. Dengan demikian, dalam aplikasi hendaklah tertulis deskripsi tentang esensi dari penemuan. Ruang lingkup atau luasnya perlindungan paten tergantung pada klaim, klaim menunjukkan inti dari penemuan, sehingga untuk menilai pelanggaran paten tergantung pada interpretasi klaim, filing date, state of the art dan cakupan klaim paten terdahulu (prior art).Kata Kunci : Pelindungan Paten, software dan aplikasi.
HAK ATAS KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL DALAM PRODUK STUDY KASUS PRODUK APPLE
Authors: oktarini erina
Published: January 2019

Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan suatu hukum atau peraturan kepada seseorang atau sekelompok orang atas karya ciptanya. Menurut UU yang telah disahkan oleh DPR-RI pada tanggal 21 Maret 1997, Haki adalah hak-hak secara hukum yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan hasil penemuan dan kreativitas seseorang atau beberapa orang yang berhubungan dengan perlindungan permasalahan reputasi dalam bidang komersial (commercial reputation) dan tindakan / jasa dalam bidang komersial (goodwill).Dengan begitu obyek utama dari Haki adalah karya, ciptaan, hasil buah pikiran, atau intelektualita manusia. Kata “intelektual” tercermin bahwa obyek kekayaan intelektual tersebut adalah kecerdasan, daya pikir, atau produk pemikiran manusia (the Creations of the Human Mind) (WIPO, 1988:3). Setiap manusia memiliki memiliki hak untuk melindungi atas karya hasil cipta, rasa dan karsa setiap individu maupun kelompok.
Current Problems of Water Supply and Usage in Central Asia, Tian Shan Basin
Authors: Lemenkova Polina
Published: January 2019

The paper focuses on analysis of Central Asian hydro-energetic system and water usage in Tian Shan region. Tian Shan system is an important water resource in Central Asia: river waters are intensely taken for hydropower energy, urban systems, irrigation. But geopolitics in Tian Shan is difficult: it crosses five densely populated countries. The problem consists in water delivery between countries located in the highlands with excellent water supply (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) and those located in valleys with water shortage (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). The water use causes debates among these countries. Besides, global warming causes water deficit, which adds difficulties to hydro-energetics. A multidisciplinary analysis was performed in the article: water supply in Tian Shan, spatial distribution of hydro-energetic resources and effects of climate impact were analysed.
Potensi Sektor Pertanian dan Perkebunan Kabupaten Pasaman Barat untuk Menghadapi Pasar Bebas ASEAN
Authors: Yogica Relsas
Published: January 2019

Dalam rangka mewujudkan visi 2020 ASEAN akan diterapkan pasar tunggal untuk wilayah Asia Tenggara. Pasar tunggal ini akan membentuk jalur bebas barang, jasa, tenaga kerja dan investasi. Sebagai anggota ASEAN, Indonesia tentu saja akan ikut serta dalam proses ini. Dalam rangka memperkuat integritas Indonesia dibutuhkan dasar perekonomian yang kuat, tentu saja ini didukung penuh oleh potensi unggulan daerah.Kabupaten Pasaman Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah pertanian dan perkebunan di Sumatera Barat.Komoditas unggulan Pasaman Barat adalah kelapa sawit, jagung, padi, pisang dan ubi jalar.Makalah ini membahas tentang potensi Kabupaten Pasaman Barat dari sektor komoditas unggulan pertanian dan perkebunan. Diharapkan dengan pembahasan yang telah dibuat maka akan diketahui secara lebih jelas mengenai potensi pertanian dan perkebunan Pasaman Barat untuk dapat dikembangkan demi keikutsertaan.
Seasonal Variation Of Heavy Metals In Sediment And Water Of Lagos Lagoon
Authors: Oguguah Ngozi
Published: January 2019

The concentration of Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and physicochemical parameters were determined in Surface water and Sediment at different stations in Lagos lagoon during the wet season. The result showed that the concentration of Cr 0.039mg/l, Pb 0.043mg/l, Zn 0.107mg/l, Cd 0.17mg/l in surface water were generally low when compared to WHO standard “2004. The concentration of Zn in the water is within the limits permitted by the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) of 1.0 mg/L Zn set for water. The mean levels of heavy metals in the sediment of Lagos lagoon were generally low and fell within the acceptable limits described by WHO,2004 and FEPA.The average concentration for the heavy metals were Cr 0.046mg/g, Pb 0.054mg/g, Zn 0.730mg/g, Cd 0.523mg/g respectively. Comparism of these values with that of the surface water indicates that most metals were adsorbed to the sediment. None of the trace metals investigated were above the maximum permissible level set by world health organization (WHO). For the physicochemistry the salinity ranged from 0.0 ‰ to 3.1 ‰ indicating a typical freshwater condition, higher dissolved oxygen were also recorded this may be due to run-off during the wet season.
Maybe maximal: Good enough mixed models optimize power while controlling Type I error
Authors: Seedorff Michael , Oleson Jacob , McMurray Bob
Published: January 2019

Mixed effects models have become a critical tool in all areas of psychology and allied fields. This is due to their ability to account for multiple random factors, and their ability to handle proportional data in repeated measures designs. While substantial research has addressed how to structure fixed effects in such models there is less understanding of appropriate random effects structures. Recent work with linear models suggests the choice of random effects structures affects Type I error in such models (Barr, Levy, Scheepers, & Tily, 2013; Matuschek, Kliegl, Vasishth, Baayen, & Bates, 2017). This has not been examined for between subject effects, which are crucial for many areas of psychology, nor has this been examined in logistic models. Moreover, mixed models expose a number of researcher degrees of freedom: the decision to aggregate data or not, the manner in which degrees of freedom are computed, and what to do when models do not converge. However, the implications of these choices for power and Type I error are not well known. To address these issues, we conducted a series of Monte Carlo simulations which examined linear and logistic models in a mixed design with crossed random effects. These suggest that a consideration of the entire space of possible models using simple information criteria such as AIC leads to optimal power while holding Type I error constant. They also suggest data aggregation and the d.f, computation have minimal effects on Type I Error and Power, and they suggest appropriate approaches for dealing with non-convergence.
THE IMPACT OF "DE-ESCALATION" ZONES IN SYRIA
Authors: Reghunadhan Ramnath
Published: January 2019

The Syrian Civil War has entered its seventh year and has accounted for more than 500,000 killed, over 1 million injured and over 12 million Syrians living as refugees or Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). It started in 2011, partially due to the ripple effect caused by Arab Spring in the nations along the West Asian and North African (WANA) regions, and also due to the resentment of the population to the Syrian regime led by Bashar Al Assad. What began as peaceful protests in March 2011 erupted into violent, brutal attacks, all culminating into the bloodiest conflict in the 21st century, which saw intervention by many State and non-State actors like Al-Qaeda, Al-Nusra Front and the like. The involvement of foreign powers led by the US and its allies in Europe and West Asia exacerbated the situation, when they started arming, funding and training rebels and/or terrorist groups. The other prominent actors like Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia supported the rebels and/or terrorist groups, while the Syrian forces were supported by Iran, Iraq and Lebanon-based militia group, Hezbollah, and lately by the Kurdish groups. In 2015, Russia too intervened in Syria to back the government forces. In April 2017, the US administration carried out its first direct military action against the Syrian government, launching cruise missiles at a Syrian air force base.
Planimetric correlations between Peyer’s patches and the area of small intestine of white rats
Authors: Hryn V.H.
Published: January 2019

The largest concentration of the local immune system in the form of the nodular associations of the lymphoid tissue with the epithelium of the mucous membranes (tonsils, single lymphoid nodules and their aggregations, named Peyer’s patches) is located in the gut. The paper is aimed at the study of the quantitative and planimetric correlations between the Peyer’s patches and the area of the small intestine of white rats based on the visual assessment and comparative analysis of some metric values. The study was conducted on 60 white male rats, which were assigned into 2 groups of 30 animals: after the morning feeding (controls) and after a daily fasting. After the removal made in advance, the gut-associated complexes have been studied from the stomach to the cecum. The resulting experimental data have been processed on a personal computer using the EXCEL 2010 (Microsoft Excel Corp., USA) software. No significant difference in the diameter and length of the small intestine of white rats of the first and second groups was found. The total area of the small intestine wall in the control group ranged from 8666 mm2 to 20724 mm2, and from 8496 mm2 to 20573 mm2 in group II (after a daily fasting), ranking equally. Thickness parameters of the small intestine in two groups of animals were almost similar in its unchanged, within the limits of individual variability, longitudinal length. To conduct an accurate quantitative and planimetric analysis of the aggregated lymphoid nodules of the white rat’s small intestine, it was advisable to distinguish 3 groups, namely: small-, medium- and large-sized. Thus, their total number varies from 12 to 28 units. Among them 8 to 17 units (on the average of 12.60±0.400) were small-sized, 2 to 11 (5.800±0.500) were medium-sized, and the large ones were not always found. For example, in the studied samples, they were absent in 6 animals, whereas 1 to 5 units were presented in the rest of animals. The area of single small Peyer’s patches ranged from 1.570 to 9.800 mm2, and their total area was 64.90±2.900 mm2; the area of medium samples individually ranges from 10.60 to 27.50 mm2. Totally, they occupy an average area of 97.60±8.00 mm2. The same value of individual large aggregated nodules is between 31.40 and 60.40 mm2, which totally accounted on the average of 58.40±10.30 mm2. Thus, the average statistical value of the total areas of Peyer’s patches is 220.9±14.40 mm2, accounting for only 2% of the total area of the small intestine wall of white rats, not including single lymphoid nodules, not exceeding 1 mm.
Morphological features of the regeneration of venous trophic ulcers with the use of cord blood stem cells in the experiment
Authors: Dombrovskyi D. B. , Olinyk Yu. V. , Davydenko I. S.
Published: January 2019

Venous hypertension, which underlies the development of trophic disorders, initiates a complete cascade of pathological reactions at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Objectives – on our own model of the trophic ulcer, combined with venous hypertension, we investigated the processes occurring on the histological and immunohistochemical levels before and after stem cells of cord blood transplantation. Descriptive method for coloring histological sections, histochemical method for collagen fibers and fibrin, the immunohistochemical method for the detection of vimentin and the Villebrand factor and elements of morphometry were used. A comparative description of the morphological processes occurring in the treatment of the ulcerative defect of the soft tissues of the limbs on the background of chronic venous insufficiency after the transplantation and without the transplantation of stem cells of the cord blood was carried out. Experimental ulcer defects in the control of animals significantly decreased, some were completely healed. In the experimental group of animals ulcerative defects were healed in all cases. So, the application of stem cells of cord blood in a trophic ulcer of venous genesis leads to improved regeneration by accelerating the processes of differentiation of mesenchymal cells, activating the processes of angiogenesis, accelerating the maturation of the fibrous component of the stroma. The results of the study can serve as the basis for further study of the healing of ulcerative defect on the background of transplantation of cord blood cells and the development of new methods for complex treatment of patients with chronic venous ulcers.
Histochemical evaluation of mucins distribution of the gastroesophageal zone esophageal epithelium in the embryonal and fetal periods of human ontogenesis (part I)
Authors: Rekun T. , Vernygorodskyi S. , Kyselova T. , Tataryna O.
Published: January 2019

To study the quantitative and qualitative mucins profile of gastroesophageal zone (GEZ) epithelium during stages of the embryonal and fetal ontogenesis periods we have performed morphometrical and histochemical researches of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) epithelial differon. The current study was carried out on 169 human embryos and fetuses of gestational age from 4–5 till 38 weeks. It was established that during early embryonal period (5–6 weeks) gradual increase of neutral and acid mucins in esophageal part of the GEJ epithelial differon is observed. For early fetal period (10–28 weeks) disappearance of acid syalomucins in the GEJ enterocytes from 10 till 18 week and increasing of neutral mucin till 7,65±0,18% with falling of its level in 18–20 weeks period and decreasing till 2,4±0,10% in 28 weeks (р<0,001) was typical. Late fetal period from 28 till 38 weeks is characterized by complete structural rearrangement of epithelial differon of the GEZ stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium with formation of two functional zones: protective germinative in esophageal part of GEJ with incomplete histochemical cytodifferentiation of the GEJ esophageal epithelium. It was proved by remains of acid mucins (syalomucins) which are untypical for mature esophageal epithelium. Thus, the obtained data on the histological features of the GEZ epithelial differon in the prenatal period of ontogenesis will improve the accuracy of diagnosis and assessment of pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the GEJ.
Transplantation of cord blood cells as a method for the treatment of patients with distant artery of the lower limbs
Authors: Dombrovsky D. B. , Savin V. V. , Pshyborovskaya Yu.R.
Published: January 2019

Treatment of patients with distal lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities is a rather urgent problem. The aim is to compare the clinical status of patients with distal arterial disease before treatment and after using cord blood cells. We examined 16 patients with manifestations of chronic lower limb ischemia on the background of obliterating atherosclerosis. The patients were examined, the impossibility of performing reconstructive operations was determined, the cord blood cells were introduced into the ischemia zone. After transplantation, in most cases, positive clinical symptoms were observed. Patients noted improvement in their general condition, gradually decreased, and after 1-3 months and further there was no pain at rest, their working capacity improved, their family relationships were balanced, the degree of ischemia according to Pokrovsky-Fontein was reduced, the distance and the speed of painless walking increased in 1, 3 times after 12 months. Analyzing the value of LDF, an improvement in microcirculation processes was noted in patients with chronic limb ischemia 6–12 months after the transplantation of cord blood cells. The indices of the control radiopaque contrast angiography of the vessels of the lower extremities testified to a significant improvement in the distal blood flow, due to the developed collateral network. A clinical case of patient G., with a lesion of the lower limb arterial bed caused by obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower limb arteries, is presented. After transplantation of cord blood cells and stimulation of angiogenesis, a long-term positive clinical effect was obtained, which manifested itself in the form of an improvement in the general condition, a decrease in the degree of ischemia according to the Pokrovsky-Fontain classification, an increase in the distance and speed of painless walking, and an improvement in microcirculatory parameters. So, it has been clinically proven that the use of the cord blood cell transplantation method to patients who cannot perform direct reconstructive interventions expands the possibilities of successful treatment of patients with chronic lower limb ischemia against the background of obliterating atherosclerosis.
The use of rotational thrombectomy in the treatment of arterial thrombosis
Authors: Petrushenko V.V. , Khrebtii Ya.V. , Skupyi O.M. , Mitiuk O.I. , Cheshenchuk S.A.
Published: January 2019

Rotation thrombectomy is a modern method of treating peripheral arterial disease. To date, there are no randomized studies regarding rotational thrombectomy. We want to share our own results in the treatment of patients with arterial thrombosis in the treatment of 8 patients with arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities, complicated by thrombosis using Rotarex. Patients noted the acute onset of the disease, but were referred to the clinic after 2 weeks since the onset of clinical signs of the disease. All patients underwent ultrasound examination, arteriography of the affected arterial segment. After treatment, all patients underwent control angiography. During the procedure, heparin and clopidogrel were administered. One patient had systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients had thrombosis of the femoro-popliteal arterial segments. All patients had a critical ischemia of the lower extremities. Men were 6, women — 2. 2 (25%) of patients had thrombosis of the stent of the superficial femoral artery. In 8 (100%) cases, rotational thrombectomy with rotary catheter was used. For the procedure, catheters with a diameter of 6F and a length of 110–135 cm were used. During the procedure, a catheter was performed from 3 to 5 passages in the affected segment. Duration of the procedure was 1.5–2 hours. In 6 (75%) cases, after the thrombectomy, ballooning of the affected segment was used with a balloon covered with polytaxel. In 8 (100%) patients, there was a clinical improvement. In 8 (100%) patients, control arteriography showed complete patency of the affected segments of the femoral and popliteal arteries. In 8 patients, ischemia was regressed. Cases of rethrombosis were not observed. Thus, rotation thrombectomy is a modern and effective method of treatment of arterial thrombosis of the femoral and popliteal segment.
Coagulation and fibrinolytic potential of blood plasma in patients with stage VD CKD, treated by program hemodialysis, as the markers of thrombotic risk
Authors: Storozhuk O.B. , Seleznyova I.B. , Storozhuk L.O. , Storozhuk B.G , Dovgalyuk T.V. , Danylenko Y.A.
Published: January 2019

Thrombotic complications, associated with hemostatic system disturbances in patients with stage VD chronic kidney disease (CKD), occur rather frequently. Hence, the search of early available biological markers in diagnosis of this complication is of great significance. Objective – to study coagulation potential of blood plasma in patients with stage VD CKD, treated by program hemodialysis, and to determine the markers of thrombotic risk. 88 patients (aged 26–65) with stage VD CKD, treated by program hemodialysis, were studied. Hemostatic potential of blood was determined by spectrophotometry; soluble fibrin level — by two-site enzyme-linked immune-sorbent quantitative assay; D-dimer — by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies to D-dimer epitopes; protein C activity — by spectrophotometry with wavelength 405 nm; fibrinogen contents — by spectrophotometry with wavelength 280 nm. Statistical processing was performed by methods of variation statistics and correlation analysis. All patients were found to have significant increase of soluble fibrin level (4.03±0.15÷4.62±0.31 mg/ml) (р <0.001), but there was a group of patients (n=25), who demonstrated increased coagulation potential, (р <0.001), significantly prolonged fibrinolysis (р <0.001) and increased soluble fibrin concentration (5.36±0.61÷5.78±0.82 µg/ml) (р <0.001) along with the tendency to decreased C protein level and no response of D-dimer to increased soluble fibrin level. Detected changes in coagulation properties of blood plasma can serve the markers of thrombotic risk. Thus, the patients with stage VD CKD, treated by program hemodialysis, have high risk of thrombosis, associated with high concentration of soluble fibrin and fibrinogen. But in this category of patients, rather low fibrinolytic potential, as well as the level of natural anticoagulant — C protein — is observed. The studied homeostatic parameters can be used as the markers of thrombotic risk.
Activity of TNF-α in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Ishcheikin K.Ie. , Grebeniuk D.I. , Liakhovchenko N.A. , Zatserkovna O.M. , Bilyk O.M.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to study the activity of TNF-α in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis. The study included 86 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute edematous pancreatitis (group 1) and 36 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (group 2). A separate control group consisted of 70 conditionally healthy people, in whom laboratory and instrumental indices were determined similar to those in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis. According to the aim and objectives of the study, we analyzed the levels of amylase, lipase and TNF-α. The level of amylase in group 1 was 1664.1±185.2 U/L and was significantly (p<0.01) different from the same indicator in group 2 (81.2±40.2 U/L) and in the control group (75.2±23.2 U/L). A similar trend was observed in the study of lipase levels in all groups. Thus, the level of lipase in group 1 was 1058.5±120.7 U/L and was significantly (p<0.01) different from the same indicator in group 2 (37.6±22.1 U/L) and in the control group (42.7±13.8 U/L). At the same time, there was no significant difference between the indicators of group 2 and the control group (p>0.05). Regarding the levels of TNF- α, its highest rates were observed in group 1 - 65.2±7.8 pg/mL. In group 2, the level of this marker was 52.5±6.2 pg/mL, and in the control group - 48.9±5.6 pg/mL. In a statistical analysis, it turned out that the level of TNF-α was significantly higher (p<0.05) in group 1 than in group 2 and the control group. Although we noted an increase in the numerical index of the level of TNF-α in group 2, however, there was no significant difference between this indicator in group 2 and the control group (p>0.05). So, in acute pancreatitis, the levels of TNF-α were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in chronic pancreatitis, but its concentration did not correlate with other studied parameters.
Review of the flatfishes of Vietnam in the collection of Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg
Authors: Voronina E.P. , Prokofiev A.M. , Prirodina V.P.
Published: January 2019

A review of 47 species in 28 genera of flatfishes (families Citharidae, Bothidae, Paralichthyidae, Samaridae, Soleidae and Cynoglossidae) caught off Vietnam and kept in Zoological Institute is presented. Most of the material is collected off Southern Vietnam, smaller part – in the Gulf of Tonkin with maximal number of species and specimens caught to a depth of 50 m. Bothids, soleids and cynoglossids are most numerous, which is typical of Indo-Pacific flatfish fauna. Study of material adds 15 species to the list of 82 previously known from Vietnam. Two species, the paralichthyid Pseudorhombus oculocirris and soleid Soleichthys tubiferus, are recorded for the first time for the South China Sea, these findings considerably extend their ranges. Thirteen species are indicated for the fauna of Vietnam for the first time: Arnoglossus macrolophus, Chascanopsetta lugubris, Engyprosopon maldivensis, Kamoharaia megastoma (Bothidae), Samariscus filipectoralis, Samariscus luzonensis (Samaridae), Aseraggodes dubius, Zebrias crossolepis, Zebrias lucapensis (Soleidae), Cynoglossus kopsi, Cynoglossus quadrilineatus, Paraplagusia japonica, Symphurus microrhynchus (Cynoglossidae). Annotated synonymy, diagnostic characters, photographs, counts and map of occurrences are given for each species. The comparison shows similarity of flatfish fauna composition of Northern Vietnam and Southern Vietnam in spite of climatic and hydrological difference between regions. Our findings confirm previously known widespread distribution of the Indo-Pacific flatfishes and characterize species as eurythermal and euryhaline.
The occurrence of the new zooplankton species in the Lena river delta
Authors: Abramova E.N. , Zhulay I.A.
Published: January 2019

The Lena River impact on the water bodies of its catchment area increases in connection of climate warming. During spring floods the river water enters the numerous floodplain water basins, further promotes the passive dispersal of their fauna in the northern direction. The occurrences of new (for the local fauna) zooplankton species repeatedly documented in the lakes on Samoylov Island in the south part of the Lena Delta over the last 15 years. Seven “invasive species” belong to Cladocera, four to Copepoda and one species of Rotifera. Some cladocerans –Sida crystallina (O.F. Muller, 1776), Limnosida frontosa (Sars, 1862), Diaphanasoma brachyurum (Lievin, 1848) and Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761) – several times appeared and disappeared in the floodplain aquatic habitats on Samoilovsky Island during the observation period. Simocephalus vetulus (O.F. Muller, 1776) found conditions here to be favorable and formed the local population in the floodplain pools. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) and Holopedium gibberum Zaddach, 1855 started to settle from low floodplain in neighboring water ecosystems of the first delta terrace with a height of 10–16 m. The spread of resting stages of zooplankton are likely to occur with the participation of waterfowl. In years with extremely high spring tide, the expansion of species, not typical for the area, was of a catastrophic nature. A massive invasion of certain species, for example Holopedium gibberum Zaddach, 1855, can cause a rapid restructuring of the lake biocoenosis and disturb the ecological balance in it, resulting in parasitic epizootic.
Концептуализация вращательного движения в русском и польском языках
Authors: Narloch Andrzej
Published: January 2019

In recent years, linguistic studies have laid great emphasis on the semantic side of linguistic expressions. The subject of this paper is an attempt to introduce the term of “circular motion” in common verb patterns and set phrases in Russian and Polish. The description concerns the problem of creating metaphors based on circular motion verbs. The paper distinguishes between four metaphor types which have been presented by the comparative method between Russian and Polish.
„Przyjaciel Moskali”. Daniel Olbrychski wobec Rosji i Rosjan
Authors: Kalita Liliana
Published: January 2019

The text presents the relationship between Daniel Olbrychski (one of the most famous Polish actors in the world) and Russia, as well as his attitude towards the Russians. The author discusses, among others, Olbrychski’s roles in Russian films, and the characters of Russians he created in cinema worldwide. There are also reflections on the actor’s friendship, among others, with Vladimir Vysotzky and Nikita Michalkov, as well as Olbrychski’s attitude towards Vladimir Putin and contemporary Russian policy.
Экзотизмы в репортажах Рышарда Капущинского и их перевод на русский язык
Authors: Kozyra Marzena
Published: January 2019

This paper concentrates on the ways in which exoticisms should be translated from Polish to Russian. We focus on the exoticisms used in Cesarz and Podróże z Herodotem by R. Kapuściński. In this text we stress the need to preserve the local cultural coloring of a given exoticism in the process of translation. Moreover, we notice that a unified definition of the term exoticism is necessary, and the lack thereof makes it more difficult to single out exoticisms from among other borrowings. We also touch upon the issue of the so-called third culture while our interest in it results from the very nature of travel essays, which often acquaint the readers with exotic cultural realities.