bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of upright and ambulant positions versus lying down during the active first stage of labor on birth outcomes among nulliparous women: randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ibrahim Heba Abdel-Fatah , Said Hanan Ibrahim Ibrahim , Elgzar Wafaa Taha Ibrahim
Published: October 2020

Objective

To examine the effect of upright and ambulant positions versus lying down during the active first stage of labor on birth outcomes for nulliparous women.

Methods

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the delivery department of Damanhour Educational Institute, El Behira Governorate, Egypt. The study sample involved 150 parturient women equally divided into intervention and control groups using randomization block technique. The researchers used four tools for data collection: Demographic data interview schedule, World Health Organization Partograph, Apgar's score, to evaluate neonatal outcomes, and visual analogue pain intensity scale. For the study group, the parturient women were encouraged to assume one of the upright positions or ambulating around the bed so as to maintain the pelvis in vertical plane as far as possible for 20–25 min for every 1 h. The control group received routine hospital care, which includes lying down in bed. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data.

Results

Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the study and control groups in relation to cervical dilation, fetal head descent, uterine contractions interval, and frequency. The duration of the first stage of labor significantly reduced (P = 0.018) in the intervention group compared with control group. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between both groups in term of emergency cesarean birth rates, oxytocin use, and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusions

This study proves that upright and ambulant positions significantly enhance uterine contractility, cervical dilatation, and fetal head descent and reduce the first stage duration.
The effects of a place-based tax cut and minimum wage increase on labor market outcomes
Authors: Campos-Vazquez Raymundo M. , Delgado Victor , Rodas Alexis
Published: October 2020

The benefits of place-based policies are still under debate. In this study, we analyze what is probably one of the boldest interventions in the recent history of Mexico and the rest of the world: the Northern Border Free Zone (NBFZ). Launched in January 2019, this program doubles the minimum wage and substantially lowers taxes in 43 municipalities along the border with the United States, aiming to improve living standards for low-wage workers and foster economic activity within the region. Given the unique features of the NBFZ, we estimate its short-run effects on labor outcomes: employment, wages, and formality. Our primary identification strategy follows a synthetic control method employing monthly administrative data at the municipality level for the period 2015–2019. Using administrative data for formal employment, we find that the policy substantially increased labor income in the NBFZ by approximately 9% over the control municipalities. The results for employment are less clear. Formal employment showed 1.6% less growth in the NBFZ than in the control municipalities, but the estimate is imprecise and we cannot reject a null impact of the program on employment. These results are robust to alternative control groups, including metropolitan areas in the United States. We also use the labor force survey to estimate the effects on formality at the individual level and find results closer to a null effect. These two results suggest that the NBFZ did not substantially affect employment, and the intersection of confidence intervals for the two estimates implies a maximum loss of employment of approximately 24,000 jobs.
Inducción virtual, una herramienta para la eliminación de las barreras de acceso a la información organizacional
Authors: López Héctor Alejandro , Hernández Sánchez Charney Vanessa
Published: October 2020

El artículo se basa en analizar las características que presenta de población de estudio e identificar las barreras de acceso tecnológicas para la generación de un modelo de inducción que permita mejorar la adaptación de los nuevos colaboradores. Se empleó como instrumento de investigación el cuestionario a través de un muestreo aleatorio por conveniencia; obteniendo como principales aportes al conocimiento en primer lugar evidencia de la relación existente entre las características presente en la población frente a las barreras de acceso a la información, en segundo lugar permite establecer el medio virtual como herramienta fundamental para transmitir conocimiento al interior de una empresa, y en tercer lugar permite a los directivos de una empresa apoyar la gestión de buenas prácticas de talento humano que estimulen el compromiso de las personas desde su vinculación a la organización.
Durabilitas Beton menggunakan Remah Karet dan FABA (Fly Ash Bottom Ash) untuk Perkerasan Kaku di Lingkungan Gambut
Authors: Larici Ria , Wibisono Gunawan , Olivia Monita
Published: October 2020

Perkerasan kaku di lingkungan gambut memerlukan durabilitas tinggi agar beton dapat bertahan pada lingkungan sekitar tanpa mengalami kerusakan selama jangka waktu yang ditetapkan. Tujuan penelitian mengkaji durabilitas beton campuran remah karet (crumb rubber) dan fly ash bottom ash  (FABA) dengan mutu beton rencana f’cr 35 MPa direndam dalam air gambut. Pada penelitian ini, beton Portland Composite Cement (PCC) dengan faktor air semen (fas) sebesar 0,3 digunakan sebagai beton kontrol. Sedangkan beton PCC-CR-FA menggunakan beton PCC sebagai perekat utama, remah karet sebesar 5% dari berat agregat halus, dan FABA sebanyak 10% dari berat semen. Pengujian kuat tekan, kuat tarik, porositas, dan perubahan berat dilakukan dengan perendaman di air gambut selama 120 hari. Benda uji dirawat selama 28 hari di air biasa sebelum dilakukan perendaman dengan air gambut. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kuat tekan beton PCC dan PCC-CR-FA meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur beton setelah direndam di air gambut. Peningkatan kuat tekan beton setelah umur 120 hari untuk beton PCC dan PCC-CR-FA sebesar 8,56% dan 13,81% dari umur awal beton di air gambut. Kuat tarik beton PCC dan PCC-CR-FA mengalami penurunan sebesar 12,94% dan 4,41% dari umur awal beton di air gambut. Porositas mengalami penurunan pada umur 120 hari untuk beton PCC dan PCC-CR-FA sebesar 0,24% dan 0,32% dari umur awal beton di air gambut. Berat beton PCC dan PCC-CR-FA mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,27% dan 0,34% pada umur 120 hari dibandingkan beton umur awal perendaman. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, beton PCC-CR-FA dengan campuran remah karet dan FABA dapat meningkatkan durabilitas beton untuk perkerasan kaku di lingkungan gambut.
LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION IN AFRICA - THE MOST IMPORTANT AND LEAST APPRECIATED ISSUE
Authors: Brock-Utne Birgit
Published: October 2020

This article deals with the language of instruction, also called ‘the least appreciated of all the major educational problems’. It shows how little attention is paid to this issue in donor policies as well as in the recent ‘World Bank education strategy 2020’. Donors to education in Africa seem to focus on learning outcomes but they do not see that in order to improve learning outcomes, a key focus must be on support to the development and use of the most appropriate language of instruction and literacy from the learner’s perspective. The article discusses the ‘quality’ of education and the point is made that quality of education cannot be separated from the important question of which language should be used for education. Retaining the former colonial languages as languages of instruction may serve a small elite but works to the disadvantage of the majority of Africans. The language of instruction is a powerful mechanism for social stratification, increasing inequalities. Towards the end of the article the myth of the many languages in Africa is discussed.
A Generic Competency Framework for Labour Relations Practitioners in the South African Public Service
Authors: Botha Christian Thomas , Schultz Cecile , Bezuidenhout AdÃ©le
Published: October 2020

This article reports on the findings of a qualitative content analysis study that explored the generic competencies required of labour relations practitioners in the South African public service with a view to developing a generic competency framework for these practitioners. Data were gathered through conducting semi-structured interviews with 17 labour relations experts from different institutions. The data were coded and categorised, and themes were identified that characterised the participantsâ€™ experiences, perceptions and views, providing evidence about the competencies of labour relations practitioners. From the data, 44 competencies were identified that could be regarded as essential to labour relations practitionersâ€™ successful and efficient fulfilment of their role, and these competencies were grouped into nine themes. A generic competency framework for labour relations practitioners was developed based on the results obtained. The findings of this study could potentially form the foundation of new theory for the advancement, training and development of labour relations practitioners.
Intention to quit as precursor of voluntary turnover: Personâ€“organisation fit and the psychological contract â€“ a talent management quandary
Authors: Grobler Anton , Grobler Sonja
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personâ€“ organisation fit and an individualâ€™s intention to leave the organisation (turnover intention) as a precursor to voluntary turnover. The impact the psychological contract has on the individualâ€™s intention to leave the organisation (turnover intention) was also determined. The study included an analysis of specific groups in the organisation that pose a higher risk of voluntary turnover. The sample for the study consisted of 1920 participants, with 60 randomly selected employees from 32 organisations. The personâ€“organisation fit instrument consisted of three factors, namely indirect fit, direct fit and personâ€“job fit (nine items in total). The instrument that measures psychological contract consisted of two factors, namely self and organisational items (six items). The turnover intention measure consisted of four items. All three instruments reported acceptable psychometric properties. Indirect fit (organisation fit as values congruence) and direct fit (needsâ€“supplies fit) each explain 15% of the variance in turnover intention, with psychological contract adherence â€“ organisation/ employer explaining 3%, the total variance explained by the model being 33%. Significant differences between groups were also reported, with the higher risk groups (for leaving the organisation) being the support/non-core employees, the non-management group and the professionally qualified, experienced specialists. The results of this study were converted into practical recommendations in terms of proposed interventions on the part of the HR fraternity to retain high-performing employees, with specific reference to the personâ€“organisation fit and subsequent adherence to the psychological contract.
A Single Point Mutation Converts a Proton-pumping Rhodopsin into a Turn-on Fluorescent Sensor for Chloride
Authors: Tutol Jasmine , Lee Jessica , Chi Hsichuan , Faizuddin Farah , Abeyrathna Sameera , Zhou Qin , Morcos Faruck , Meloni Gabriele , Dodani Sheel
Published: October 2020

The visualization of chloride in living cells with fluorescent sensors is linked to our ability to design hosts that can overcome the energetic penalty of desolvation to bind chloride in water. Fluorescent proteins can be used as biological supramolecular hosts to address this fundamental challenge. Here, we showcase the power of protein engineering to convert the fluorescent proton-pumping rhodopsin GR from Gloeobacter violaceus into GR1, a turn-on fluorescent sensor for chloride in detergent micelles and in live Escherichia coli. This non-natural function was unlocked by mutating D121, which serves as the counterion to the protonated retinylidene Schiff base chromophore. Substitution from aspartate to valine at this position (D121V) creates a binding site for chloride. The addition of chloride tunes the pKa of the chromophore towards the protonated, fluorescent state to generate a pH-dependent response. Moreover, ion pumping assays combined with bulk fluorescence and single cell fluorescence microscopy experiments with E. coli, expressing a GR1 fusion with cyan fluorescent protein, show that GR1 does not pump ions nor sense membrane potential but instead provides a reversible, ratiometric readout of chloride. This discovery sets the stage to use natural and laboratory-guided evolution to build a family of rhodopsin fluorescent chloride sensors for cellular applications and learn how proteins can evolve and adapt to bind anions in water.
Rapid Survey of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance by Broadband Excitation with Comb Modulation and Dual-Mode Acquisition
Authors: Hibe Yuta , Noda Yasuto , Takegoshi K. , Takeda Kazuyuki
Published: October 2020

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) provides spectra carrying information as to the electric-field gradient around nuclei with a spin quantum number I > 1/2 and offers helpful clues toward characterizing the electronic structure of materials of chemical interest. A major challenge in NQR is finding hitherto unknown resonance frequencies, which can scatter over a wide range, requiring time consuming repetitive measurements with stepwise frequency increments. Here, we report on an efficient, two-step NQR protocol by bringing rapid-scan and frequency-comb together. In the first step, wideband excitation and simultaneous signal acquisition, both realized by a non-adiabatic, frequency-swept hyperbolic secant (HS) pulse with comb modulation, offers a clue for the existence/absence of the resonance within the frequency region under investigation. When and only when the sign of the resonance has been detected, the second step is implemented to compensate the limited detection bandwidth of the first and to unambiguously determine the NQR frequency. We also study the spin dynamics under the comb-modulated HS pulse by numerical simulations, and experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, which is referred to as RApid-Scan with GApped excitation with Dual-mode Operation (RASGADO) NQR
أثر أنموذج دانيال في اكتساب طالبات الصف الحادي عشر للمفاهيم الجغرافية
Authors: حسن سندس , عمر بيريفان
Published: October 2020

يهدف البحث التعرف على أثر أنموذج دانيال في اكتساب طالبات الصف الحادي عشر للمفاهيم الجغرافية، تكونت العينة من (95) طالبة من طالبات الصف الحادي عشر، وقد تم اختيارهن بالأسلوب القصدي من(الإعدادية دهوك) للبنات من بين المدارس الإعدادية للبنات مجتمع البحث في محافظة دهوك للعام الدراسي (2019-2020) وبالأسلوب العشوائي البسيط حددت الباحثتان مجموعتي البحث الاولى التجريبية وبلغ عدد طالباتها (50)طالبة درسن مادة الجغرافية المحددة بالتجربة وفق أنموذج دانيال، في حين بلغ عدد طالبات المجموعة الضابطة (45)طالبة درسن المادة نفسها على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية. وقد قامت مدرس مادة الجغرافية بتدريس مجموعتي البحث للفصل الدراسي الثاني على وفق الخطط الدراسية المعدة مسبقا.

ولتحقيق هدف البحث واختبار فرضية الصفرية في قياس المتغير التابعة في المتغير بنت الباحثتان اختبارا موضوعيا للمفاهيم الجغرافية تكون من (30)فقرة. وبعد تطبيق اداة البحث (اختبار اكتساب المفاهيم الجغرافية) يوم 23/2/2020، وجمع البيانات احصائيا عالجت الباحثتان البيانات باستعمال الاختبار التائي (t-test) لعينتين مستقلتين غير متساويتين العدد ودلت النتائج على:

وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى(0.05)بين متوسطي اكتساب المفاهيم الجغرافية لدى طالبات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ولصالح طالبات المجموعة التجريبية.

وفي ضوء النتائج خرجت الباحثتان بعدد من الاستنتاجات منها ساعد الانموذج في اكساب طالبات الصف الحادي عشر على اكتساب المفاهيم الجغرافية. كما أوصت الباحثتان توجيه مدرسي ومدرسات الجغرافية نحو التركيز على الانشطة الصفية التي تثير طلبتهم وتنمي فيهم مهارات التفكير. فضلا عن اقتراحها لأجراء دراسات مستقبلية مكملة للبحث الحالي في مراحل ومواد دراسية اخرى ومع متغيرات مستقلة وتابعة متشابهة لمتغيرات البحث الحالي.
اثر مكونات الاستيرادات على النمو الاقتصادي في مصر دراسة قياسية للمدة (1991-2018)
Authors: قاسم خلات
Published: October 2020

تؤدي التجارة الخارجية دوراً هاما ً وفاعلاً وبجانبيه الصادرات والاستيرادات في توفير متطلبات النمو والتنمية الاقتصادية ، وفي تحقيق معدلات نمو مرتفعة وتحسين المستوى المعيشي للأفراد ، وان تأثير الاستيرادات لا تقل اهمية من تاثير الصادرات في تحقيق ذلك ، من خلال توفير السلع والخدمات الضرورية والتي لا يمكن انتاجها محليا ً لارتفاع تكاليفها ، ومن جانب اخر توفير السلع والخدمات الوسيطة والاستثمارية اللازمة لدفع عجلة النمو الاقتصادي وتحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي . ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على ماهية الاستيرادات وتحليل قياسي لاثر مكونات الاستيرادات على عملية النمو الاقتصادي في مصر للفترة 1991-2018  ، ولاجله تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي القياسي باستخدام منهجية الانحدار الذاتي للابطاءات الموزعة ARDL لقياس وبيان العلاقة التوازنية بين الاستيرادات والنمو الاقتصادي في الاجلين القصير والطويل ، ومن اهم ما توصل اليه البحث ان هناك علاقة تكامل مشترك طويلة الاجل بين النمو الاقتصادي ومكونات الاستيرادات الداخلة في النموذج القياسي ، بالاضافة الى ان معنوية تاثير كل من اجمالي التكوين الراسمالي والاستيرادات من السلع الزراعية على النمو الاقتصادي وبمعدلات منخفضة بحيث لا تشبع من احتياجات الاقتتصاد الوطني منها .
Analgesic prescription practice for pulpal pain — An institution-based retrospective study
Authors: Cinthura C  , Dhanraj Ganapathy  , Arvina Rajasekar
Published: October 2020

Analgesics are prescribed for various surgical and non-surgical treatments in dentistry; however, they are commonly given for relieving pain. This study is aimed at determining the current analgesic prescription pattern in Chennai to help ascertain that these medications are recommended only when absolutely necessary. The patient records from the Department of Endodontics, Saveetha dental college, Chennai from June 2019-April 2020, and patients who were prescribed analgesics for pulpal pain - pretreatment purpose, pain management, pulp capping, endodontic emergencies and multi-visit RCTs were identified by non- probability sampling method. Data regarding their age, gender, analgesic prescribed and clinic treated were collected and then subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the study show that among the patients for whom analgesics were prescribed for pulpal pain, individuals within the age group of 35-55 years (48.5%) were common and those above 75 years (0.3%) were uncommon. Undergraduate clinics had prescribed the most for patients (85.57%). Male predominance was observed among the patients (52.3%). Majority of the patients have prescribed paracetamol (72.9%), followed by paracetamol and Aceclofenac together (10.9%) whereas tramadol, paracetamol and ketorolac combinations were rarely prescribed (0.1%). Analgesics prescribed and the type of clinic was found to have a strong association (p=0.000). The study draws attention to the fact that there was a lack of uniformity among the dental students, both undergraduate and postgraduate courses regarding use of analgesics in different clinical situations.
Assessment of brushing techniques taught by dental students to children in mixed dentition stage - A retrospective study
Authors: Bharathi R  , Vignesh Ravindran  , Senthil Murugan P
Published: October 2020

Dentists play an important role in the primary prevention of dental problems in young through preventive treatments, risk assessment and anticipatory guidance for parents regarding oval development, caries prevention and overall oral health, including brushing techniques, fluoride toothpaste, brushing twice a day. The aim of this study was to evaluate the commonly used brushing technique by dental students during the mixed dentition stage. Data were retrieved from the dental records. Data of brushing techniques used in pediatric dentistry was collected from the patient management records of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Patients of 6–12 years with mixed dentition were shortlisted. Data obtained was tabulated in excel and analyzed using statistical software. Age distribution of this study was 6 years (6.2%), 7 years (15%), 8 years (19%), 9 years(16.4%), 10 years(15.3%), 11 years(13.6%), 12 years (14.2%). Gender distribution of this study was males (57%) and females (43%). Most commonly taught brushing technique by dental students during the mixed dentition stage was Fones brushing technique (73.5%) followed by the Modified Bass technique (19.1%) (p<0.05- significant). We can conclude by saying that the Fones brushing technique was the most commonly taught brushing technique by dental students during the mixed dentition stage with male predominance, and it was statistically significant.
Association of age and gender of patients who underwent amalgam restoration in mandibular premolars with class 1 dental caries
Authors: Yuvashree C S  , Delphine Priscilla Antony S
Published: October 2020

The presence of dental caries is the main reason for the placement and replacement of restorations. Maintaining restorations to a satisfactory clinical condition is a big challenge for the practitioners. The aim of the study is to associate the age and gender of the patients who underwent amalgam restorations in mandibular premolars with class 1 dental caries. This was a descriptive study, where all the patients data were collected by reviewing patients records and analysing the data of 86000 patients reported from June 2019 to March 2020 to the Department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, Private Dental college and hospitals, Chennai. Data was collected and tabulated, statistical analysis was done by SPSS – IBM. In this study, we observed that there is a significant difference between the age, gender and tooth number of patients who underwent amalgam restoration in mandibular premolar with class 1 dental caries. Amalgam restoration has served the profession well, and it is very useful in restorative dentistry. Thus the use of amalgam can be continued as a material of choice if esthetics is not a concern.
The Influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Employee Performance
Authors: Harianto Yusuf , Asdar Muhammad , Alam Syamsu
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the influence of an organizational culture that has been applied to the Regional Civil Service Agency and Human Resources Development of Boven Digoel Regency on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. In addition, this study also aims to see the indirect effect of organizational culture on employee performance when mediated by organizational commitment and job satisfaction. This research is a quantitative study using a questionnaire to collect data and then processed using Smart PLS software with the path analysis method. The results of the study found that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction partially does not have a significant effect on employee performance. As for the indirect effect, it shows that organizational commitment and job satisfaction cannot significantly mediate the influence of organizational culture on employee performance.re on employee performance.
Subprime May Not Have Caused the 2000s Housing Crisis: Evidence from Cleveland, Ohio
Authors: Loewenstein Lara
Published: October 2020

During the 2000s housing bust, Cleveland’s Slavic Village was dubbed “ground zero of the foreclosure crisis” by the national media. Despite this, during the preceding housing boom Cleveland had stable house price growth and relatively low mortgage debt growth, a stark contrast to circumstances in areas such as California that had exceptionally high house price and mortgage debt growth. What explains the relatively minor housing boom and perceived sharp downturn in Cleveland? In this Commentary I show that while subprime debt was a prominent source of debt in Cleveland and especially in its Slavic Village neighborhood during the 2000s, it is difficult to peg subprime debt as playing a causal role in the subsequent foreclosure crisis.
Financiamiento de redes integradas de servicios de salud
Authors: Pedraza Camilo Cid
Published: October 2020

Los países de América Latina y el Caribe necesitan aumentar sus recursos públicos en salud para ampliar el acceso equitativo y eficiente a la salud. El aumento debe financiar un modelo específico que ha mostrado evidencia de eficacia, como el de redes integradas de servicios de salud (RISS) basadas en atención primaria de salud. La literatura global no ha prestado suficiente atención al financiamiento a las RISS; más bien se ha focalizado en establecimientos y agentes aislados, así como en mecanismos específicos. Sin embargo, en la Región de las Américas su desarrollo es una necesidad desde hace años. Una RISS es un conjunto de organizaciones de salud que ofrece intervenciones y servicios de salud coordinados a una población bajo su cargo y asume la responsabilidad de salud y económica en el logro de mejores resultados de salud. Un sistema de pago a una RISS debe ir dirigido a promover la integralidad de la atención y a fomentar un enfoque centrado en el ciclo de vida de las personas, la articulación y la coordinación de servicios. El presupuesto poblacional ajustado por riesgos se muestra como un mecanismo posible y potente para apoyar el logro de los objetivos. Su desarrollo requiere reconocer que la forma de financiamiento no responderá por sí sola a los desafíos y que se necesita, a la vez, de la planificación y de la gestión sanitarias. Se requiere abordar los desafíos técnicos, políticos e institucionales para tener éxito en este esfuerzo, que a su vez debe estar inserto en el proceso global de transformación de los sistemas de salud hacia la salud universal.
Incidence rate and antibiotic resistance profile of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated
from various food products
Authors: Tayeb B.A. , Mohamed Sharif Y.H. , Ameen A.M.
Published: October 2020

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a foodborne pathogen which has been linked to
various food outbreaks. The current study was aimed to isolate and identify this pathogen
from different kind of food products and herbs as well as to reveal its antibacterial
resistant profiling. A total of 235 samples were collected, including 130 Powdered Infant
Formula (PIF), 55 spices and herbs and 50 samples from Bouillon Flavoured Powder
(BFP). These samples were obtained from local markets in Duhok city of Iraq from
February to August 2019. The collected items were checked for the presence of C.
sakazakii by using conventional biochemical tests and confirmed through molecular
techniques. The findings showed that 3.1% of PIF, 24% of BFP and 78.2% of spices and
herbs were positive for C. sakazakii. This bacterium expressed a complete susceptibility to
each of ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamycin and chloramphenicol and showed high to
mild resistance to the rest of the examined antibiotics Microbiological evaluation of
imported food is crucial for safeguarding public health. The high contamination rate and
high drug-resistant C. sakazakii in the examined food products declared prospective
hazards to endangered people.
Music in Lectures and Examinations to Promote Right Brain Activity
Authors: Prebble John
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Conduit Companies, Beneficial Ownership, and the Test of Substantive Business Activity in Claims for Relief under Double Tax Treaties
Authors: Jain S , Prebble J , Bunting K
Published: October 2020

If interpreted in a strict legal sense, beneficial ownership rules in tax treaties would have no effect on conduit companies because companies at law own their property and income beneficially. Conversely, a company can never own anything in a substantive sense because economically a company is no more than a congeries of arrangements that represents the people behind it. Faced with these contradictory considerations, people have adopted surrogate tests that they attempt to employ in place of the treaty test of beneficial ownership. An example is that treaty benefits should be limited to companies that are both resident in the states that are parties to the treaty and that carry on substantive business activity. The test is inherently illogical. The origins of the substantive business activity test appear to lie in analogies drawn with straw company and base company cases. Because there is no necessary relationship between ownership and activity, the test of substantive business activity can never provide a coherent surrogate for the test of beneficial ownership. The article finishes with a Coda that summarises suggestions for reform to be made in work that is to follow. © School of Taxation and Business Law (Atax), Australian School of Business The University of New South Wales.
Zotero - A Manual for Electronic Legal Referencing
Authors: Prebble John , Caldwell J
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Key Practical Issues to Eliminate Double Taxation of Business Income – New Zealand Report to the International Fiscal Association in Paris 2011
Authors: Elliffe Craig , Prebble John , Russ Neil
Published: October 2020

No description supplied
Future Virtual Heritage - Techniques
Authors: Rogers Jessie , Schnabel Marc Aurel , Moleta Tane
Published: October 2020

© 2018 IEEE. The paper discusses, examines and evaluates the 'five-dimensional' qualities of virtual reality environments to create an authentic, immersive virtual reality experience. Investigated within the paper are the methodologies, tangible and intangible components, architect's role, existing immersive virtual reality environments, and resulting critical elements in order to form a particular experience of virtual heritage. Critical elements of virtual heritage creation techniques are interactivity, time, depth of interpretation, workflow documentation, spatial environment boundaries, authenticity, and modes of presentation. The user experience of an immersive virtual environment for existing and non-existing structures that follow the successfully tested framework embody the structure's essence and legacy. Our virtual heritage articulations provide a novel basis for authentic knowledge acquisition for emerging and established architects. The paper ends with a discussion of how the current user-experience driven architectural realms are contributing to the future of virtual heritage.
Particle Swarm Optimisation for Feature Selection and Weighting in High-Dimensional Clustering
Authors: O'Neill D , Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 2018 IEEE. Clustering, an important unsupervised learning task, is very challenging on high-dimensional data, since the generated clusters can be significantly less meaningful as the number of features increases. Feature selection and/or feature weighting can address this issue by selecting and weighting only informative features. These techniques have been extensively studied in supervised learning, e.g. classification, but they are very difficult to use with clustering due to the lack of effective similarity/distance and validation measures. This paper utilises the powerful global search ability of particle swarm optimisation (PSO) on continuous problems, to propose a PSO based method for simultaneous feature selection and feature weighting for clustering on high-dimensional data, where a new validation measure is also proposed as the fitness function of the PSO method. Experiments on datasets with varying dimensionalities and different number of known clusters show that the proposed method can successfully improve clustering performance of different types of clustering algorithms over using the baseline of the original feature set.
Particle swarm optimisation representations for simultaneous clustering and feature selection
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

© 2016 IEEE. Clustering, the process of grouping unlabelled data, is an important task in data analysis. It is regarded as one of the most difficult tasks due to the large search space that must be explored. Feature selection is commonly used to reduce the size of a search space, and evolutionary computation (EC) is a group of techniques which are known to give good solutions to difficult problems such as clustering or feature selection. However, there has been relatively little work done on simultaneous clustering and feature selection using EC methods. In this paper we compare medoid and centroid representations that allow particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to perform simultaneous clustering and feature selection. We propose several new techniques which improve clustering performance and ensure valid solutions are generated. Experiments are conducted on a variety of real-world and synthetic datasets in order to analyse the effectiveness of the PSO representations across several different criteria. We show that a medoid representation can achieve superior results compared to the widely used centroid representation.
Genetic programming for region detection, feature extraction, feature construction and classification in image data
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Al-Sahaf Harith , Zhang Mengjie , Xue Bing
Published: October 2020

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Image analysis is a key area in the computer vision domain that has many applications. Genetic Programming (GP) has been successfully applied to this area extensively, with promising results. Highlevel features extracted from methods such as Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG) are commonly used for object detection with machine learning techniques. However, GP techniques are not often used with these methods, despite being applied extensively to image analysis problems. Combining the training process of GP with the powerful features extracted by SURF or HoG has the potential to improve the performance by generating high-level, domain-tailored features. This paper proposes a new GP method that automatically detects different regions of an image, extracts HoG features from those regions, and simultaneously evolves a classifier for image classification. By extending an existing GP region selection approach to incorporate the HoG algorithm, we present a novel way of using high-level features with GP for image classification. The ability of GP to explore a large search space in an efficient manner allows all stages of the new method to be optimised simultaneously, unlike in existing approaches. The new approach is applied across a range of datasets, with promising results when compared to a variety of well-known machine learning techniques. Some high-performing GP individuals are analysed to give insight into how GP can effectively be used with high-level features for image classification.
A hybrid Genetic Programming approach to feature detection and image classification
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Al-Sahaf Harith , Zhang Mengjie , Xue Bing
Published: October 2020

© 2015 IEEE. Image classification is a crucial task in Computer Vision. Feature detection represents a key component of the image classification process, which aims at detecting a set of important features that have the potential to facilitate the classification task. In this paper, we propose a Genetic Programming (GP) approach to image feature detection. The proposed method uses the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) method to extract features from regions automatically selected by GP, and adopts a wrapper approach combined with a voting scheme to perform image classification. The proposed approach is evaluated using three datasets of increasing difficulty, and is compared to five popularly used machine learning methods: Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, and Adaptive Boosting. The experimental results show the proposed approach has achieved comparable or better performance than the five existing methods on all three datasets, and reveal its capability to automatically detect good regions from a large image from which good features are automatically constructed.
Genetic Programming for algae detection in river images
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Al-Sahaf Harith , Zhang Mengjie , Verma B
Published: October 2020

© 2015 IEEE. Genetic Programming (GP) has been applied to a wide range of image analysis tasks including many real-world segmentation problems. This paper introduces a new biological application of detecting Phormidium algae in rivers of New Zealand using raw images captured from the air. In this paper, we propose a GP method to the task of algae detection. The proposed method synthesises a set of image operators and adopts a simple thresholding approach to segmenting an image into algae and non-algae regions. Furthermore, the introduced method operates directly on raw pixel values with no human assistance required. The method is tested across seven different images from different rivers. The results show good success on detecting areas of algae much more efficiently than traditional manual techniques. Furthermore, the result achieved by the proposed method is comparable to the hand-crafted ground truth with a F-measure fitness value of 0.64 (where 0 is best, 1 is worst) on average on the test set. Issues such as illumination, reflection and waves are discussed.
Multi-objective genetic programming for manifold learning: balancing quality and dimensionality
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Zhang Mengjie , Xue Bing
Published: October 2020

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Manifold learning techniques have become increasingly valuable as data continues to grow in size. By discovering a lower-dimensional representation (embedding) of the structure of a dataset, manifold learning algorithms can substantially reduce the dimensionality of a dataset while preserving as much information as possible. However, state-of-the-art manifold learning algorithms are opaque in how they perform this transformation. Understanding the way in which the embedding relates to the original high-dimensional space is critical in exploratory data analysis. We previously proposed a Genetic Programming method that performed manifold learning by evolving mappings that are transparent and interpretable. This method required the dimensionality of the embedding to be known a priori, which makes it hard to use when little is known about a dataset. In this paper, we substantially extend our previous work, by introducing a multi-objective approach that automatically balances the competing objectives of manifold quality and dimensionality. Our proposed approach is competitive with a range of baseline and state-of-the-art manifold learning methods, while also providing a range (front) of solutions that give different trade-offs between quality and dimensionality. Furthermore, the learned models are shown to often be simple and efficient, utilising only a small number of features in an interpretable manner.
Genetic Programming for Evolving a Front of Interpretable Models for Data Visualization
Authors: Lensen Andrew , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: October 2020

Data visualization is a key tool in data mining for understanding big datasets. Many visualization methods have been proposed, including the well-regarded state-of-the-art method t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. However, the most powerful visualization methods have a significant limitation: the manner in which they create their visualization from the original features of the dataset is completely opaque. Many domains require an understanding of the data in terms of the original features; there is hence a need for powerful visualization methods which use understandable models. In this article, we propose a genetic programming (GP) approach called GP-tSNE for evolving interpretable mappings from the dataset to high-quality visualizations. A multiobjective approach is designed that produces a variety of visualizations in a single run which gives different tradeoffs between visual quality and model complexity. Testing against baseline methods on a variety of datasets shows the clear potential of GP-tSNE to allow deeper insight into data than that provided by existing visualization methods. We further highlight the benefits of a multiobjective approach through an in-depth analysis of a candidate front, which shows how multiple models can be analyzed jointly to give increased insight into the dataset.
A Physics Modeling Study of COVID-19 Transport in Air
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis Alfredo , Dent James B. , Weiler Thomas J.
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Health threat from COVID-19 airborne infection has become a public emergency of international concern. During the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, people have been advised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to maintain social distancing of at least 2 m to limit the risk of exposure to the coronavirus. Experimental data, however, show that infected aerosols and droplets trapped inside a turbulent puff cloud can travel 7 to 8 m. We carry out a physics modeling study for COVID-19 transport in air. Methodology: We propose a nuclear physics analogy-based modeling of the complex gas cloud and its payload of pathogen-virions. We estimate the puff effective stopping range adapting the high-energy physics model that describes the slow down of α-particles (in matter) via interactions with the electron cloud. Analysis Findings: We show that the cloud stopping range is proportional to the diameter of the puff times its density. We use our puff model to determine the average density of the buoyant fluid in the turbulent cloud. A fit to the experimental data yields , where  and  are the average density of the puff and the air. We demonstrate that temperature variation could cause an O (≲ ±8%) effect in the puff stopping range for extreme ambient cold or warmth. We also demonstrate that aerosols and droplets can remain suspended for hours in the air. Therefore, once the puff slows down sufficiently, and its coherence is lost, the eventual spreading of the infected aerosols becomes dependent on the ambient air currents and turbulence.
Factores maternos asociados al peso al nacer del recién nacido en embarazadas adolescentes de Salta- Capital. Argentina. Años 2002-2011.
Authors: Zimmer Sarmiento Maria  del Carmen , Oyes Lopez Ontivero Julio Cesar
Published: October 2020

Resumen Introducción: En Argentina, el embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública, con serias implicaciones en la salud y nutrición del binomio madre-hijo. Objetivo: objetivo del estudio fue evaluar características maternas de adolescentes embarazadas y asociarlos con el peso de los recién nacidos. Material y método:  Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 9479 embarazadas del Hospital Público Materno Infantil de Salta, Capital. Se determinó asociación del peso al nacer con las variables explicativas (edad, estatura, IMC, nivel de instrucción de la madre, edad gestacional, control prenatal, y sexo del recién nacido) a través de chi cuadrado, T student o anova en cada caso específico. Resultados: Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el peso al nacer y las características maternas y del recién nacido estudiadas a excepción de la edad de embarazadas (temprana y tardía) en adolescentes. Conclusiones: Este estudio evidencia la asociación entre el peso al nacer tanto con las características biológicas y sociales de la madre y, del neonato, como así también el control prenatal. Palabras clave: Factores maternos- Embarazo adolescente- Peso al nacer Abstract:Introduction: In Argentina, teenage pregnancy is a public health problem, with serious health and nutrition implications of the mother-child binomial. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate maternal characteristics of pregnant adolescents and associate them with the weight of newborns. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 9479 pregnant women from the Maternal and Child Public Hospital in Salta, Capital. Association of birth weight with explanatory variables (age, height, BMI, level of instruction of the mother, gestational age, prenatal control, and sex of the newborn) was determined through chi square, T student or anova in each specific case. Results: A statistically significant association was found between birth weight and maternal and newborn characteristics studied, except for the age of pregnant women (early and late) in adolescents. Conclusions: This study  evidences the association between birth weight with both the biológica and social characteristics of the mother and the newborn, as well as prenatal control. key words: Maternal factors- Teen pregnancy- Birth weight
A SURVEY OF VOCABULARY USED IN ONLINE FOOD RECIPE WEBSITES
Authors: Bunsaeng Sommai , Dennis Nutprapha K.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to survey vocabulary used in online Thai food recipes from two websites www.BBCGoodFood.com and www.ThaiTable.com. The ten selected recipes analyzed in this study were only from the Thai main course recipes category. The vocabulary used is categorized into 8 categories as parts of speech; noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction, and determiner. The results of the study showed that there were 1,468 words with 8 types of parts of speech. The results revealed that in the ten recipes it used nouns the most with 372 words (37.2%) and least is pronoun with 10 words (0.7%). Results of the study showed that learners can study many different kinds of words. The learner can analyze the function and kind of the word that is in the instruction; the base form of part of speech is helpful for making instruction in the recipe writing.
BIOMETRIC ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM OF CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – LASAM CAMPUS, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Maggay Jake G.
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to develop a fully customized Biometric Attendance Monitoring System (BAMS) of Cagayan State University – Lasam Campus, Philippines (CSU - Lasam) using biometric fingerprint reader to facilitate the monitoring of employees’ attendance. This study followed the framework of Design Science Research for Information Systems, thus, the researcher identified the problems and issues encountered in the monitoring of attendance, defined the objectives of the study, designed and developed the system, deployed and tested, and presented the result of the study. A combination of Visual Basic 6.0 as the programming language and MS Access as the Database Management Systems were used in the development of the system.Thus, the overall functionality of the BAMS enables the users to enter data, change and manipulate the data, get information, and store the data and the information. Username and password is no longer needed since all transactions use unique fingerprint to validate users. Furthermore, the BAMS greatly contributes in giving employees’ ease and improving work values. Likewise, the BAMS is essential in achieving good governance because it helps track day-to-day attendance of the employees.