bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusions
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios
Published: July 2023

The concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the book. While this study sought to broaden the horizon for the judicial mobilization of Article 2 TEU, it remains a snapshot: the jurisprudence is dynamic and will continue to evolve. Against this backdrop, there might be two ways to proceed in future scholarship. Zooming in, there is a need to accompany the case law’s further development. At the same time, this study had to leave many issues in the dark—especially concerning the Union’s own commitment to Article 2 TEU. Based on the groundworks established in this book, future research can start tackling issues, such as compliance with Article 2 TEU at the European borders or in the face of austerity measures. Zooming out, there is equally a need to examine the broader implications of the growing engagement with Article 2 TEU—as a transformative step for European integration.
The Average Isn’t Normal
Authors: Cowles Henry M. , Knobe Joshua
Published: July 2023

Within contemporary science, it is common practice to compare data points to the average, i.e. to the statistical mean. Because this practice is so familiar, it might at first appear not to be the sort of thing that requires explanation. But recent research in cognitive science and in the history of science gives us reason to adopt the opposite perspective. Cognitive science research on the ways people ordinarily make sense of the world suggests that, instead of using a purely statistical notion of the average, people tend to use a value-laden notion of the normal. Similarly, historical research on the scientific practices used in other time periods indicates that, prior to the nineteenth century, scientists tended to make use of a notion of the normal that was overtly value-laden. These findings give us reason to rethink certain familiar facts about scientific practice. In particular, they suggest that the fact that scientists so often make use of the statistical average should be seen as a highly surprising fact, the sort of thing that calls out for explanation.
Correspondence and Construction
Authors: Dupré Gabe
Published: July 2023

There is a tension at the heart of much contemporary work in philosophy of psychology—specifically, within representational theories of mind. On the one hand, the central insight of this tradition is that mental and behavioral processes are understood by appeal to mental representations: mental tokens which function as internal proxies for some aspect of the environment, on which behavioral interaction with the environment can depend. On the other, it has long been noted that many purported representations seriously distort, or even simply fabricate, those aspects of the environment they are alleged to represent. I will focus on the examples of color vision and speech perception. At a minimum, this puts pressure on the explanatory goals of representationalism. Many representational theories explain behavior with reference to accurate representation, but if we can seemingly function perfectly well with wildly inaccurate representations, the centrality of this strategy is threatened. At worst, this undermines the representationalist project itself, posing insuperable worries for any account that seeks to ground mental content in relations to the environment.
Unconscious Perception and Unconscious Bias
Authors: Johnson Gabbrielle M.
Published: July 2023

The possibilities of unconscious perception and unconscious bias prompt parallel debates about unconscious mental content. This chapter argues that claims within these debates alleging the existence of unconscious content are made fraught by ambiguity and confusion with respect to the two central concepts they involve: consciousness and content. Borrowing conceptual resources from the debate about unconscious perception, the chapter distills the two conceptual puzzles concerning each of these notions and establishes philosophical strategies for their resolution. It then argues that empirical evidence for unconscious bias falls victim to these same puzzles, but that progress can be made by adopting similar philosophical strategies. Throughout, the chapter highlights paths forward in both debates, illustrates how they serve as fruitful domains in which to study the relationship between philosophy and empirical science, and uses their combined study to further understanding of a general theory of unconscious content.
Précis of The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience
Authors: Papineau David
Published: July 2023

My book defends the qualitative view that conscious sensory experiences are intrinsic states of people that are not essentially related to any further objects or properties. My view thus diverges, not only from explicitly relational views like naïve realism and sense datum theories, but also from the representationalist view that experiences are essentially representational. The first two of the book’s four chapters set out the issues and criticizes the alternative views, with a particular focus on representationalism. The third chapter explores the internal structure of sensory experience and argues that it is confusion, albeit a tempting one, to suppose that experience is intrinsically directed beyond itself. In the final chapter of the book I explore the implications of my qualitative view for a range of issues in the philosophy of perception.
Papineau on Sensory Experience
Authors: Byrne Alex
Published: July 2023

In this comment on David Papineau’s The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience, I address Papineau’s case against property-awareness, his diagnosis of the phenomenon of “transparency,” and his account of colour similarity. Papineau argues that when one seems to a yellow ball in good light, one is not aware of yellowness, a property of the ball. Instead, he argues that one is aware of an “intrinsic qualitative property” of oneself. The right reply to Harman’s well-known observations about transparency, he says, is that they do not show “that we can’t introspect qualia”; they just show “that there’s nothing else in experience to introspect”. Papineau also argues that colours are not physical properties because the relevant physical properties do not stand in the right similarity relations. I prosecute objections to all these arguments.
Cavendish and Strawson on Emergence, Mind, and Self
Authors: Cunning David
Published: July 2023

In a series of provocative papers Galen Strawson defends the view that mental states never emerge or arise from the behavior and interaction of bodies that exhibit no trace of mentality themselves. Strawson then leverages the view in support of panpsychism. Macroscopic bodies like the human brain do possess mental states, and so the matter of which they are composed must not be entirely absent of mentality. At the very least it must contain a kind of proto-mentality, and on the assumption that the matter that resides at the most elemental level of the human brain is not entirely dissimilar to the matter that composes the rest of the universe, mentality—or at least proto-mentality—abounds. Here I engage a comparative discussion of the materialism of Strawson and the similar view at play in work of the seventeenth-century philosopher Margaret Cavendish. I argue that in many respects Cavendish comes out ahead.
The Objectivist Attempt to Appropriate Subjective Value
Authors: Sobel David , Wall Steven
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores objectivist responses to the problem of mere taste—the appearance that, at least in such contexts, our unwarranted favoring attitudes play a normative role in determining our good. The chapter critiques objectivist responses that concede this appearance is correct, yet nonetheless maintain that this is compatible with a thoroughgoing objectivism. Some such objectivist responses make use of the “combo view” of the value-bearer—that is, they claim that it is not the object of the attitudes that have value but a combination of the object and the attitude. In responding to such objectivist arguments, the authors’ investigation sorts out the best understanding of the subjective/objective divide. The chapter is unique in sorting through several different such understandings and arguing for the authors’ own favored understanding. With a proper understanding of the divide, the above objectivist moves are revealed to be attempting to appropriate what is really subjective value.
Advancements and challenges in bamboo breeding for sustainable development
Authors: Sun Huayu , Wang Jiangfei , Li Hui , Li Tiankuo , Gao Zhimin
Published: July 2023

Bamboo is a highly renewable biomass resource with outstanding ecological, economic and social benefits. However, its lengthy vegetative growth stage and uncertain flowering period have hindered the application of traditional breeding methods. In recent years, significant progress has been made in bamboo breeding. While technical advances in bamboo breeding have been impressive, it is essential to also consider the broader implications we can learn from bamboo’s extraordinary features for sustainable development. This review provides an overview of the current status of bamboo breeding technology, including a detailed history of bamboo breeding divided into four eras, a comprehensive map of bamboo germplasm gardens worldwide, with a focus on China, and a summary of available transgenic technologies for gene function verification and genetic improvement. As the demand for bamboo as a sustainable and renewable resource increases continuously, breeding objectives should be focused on enhancing yield, wood properties and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. In particular, priority should be given to improving fiber length, internode length and wall thickness, as well as regulating lignin and cellulose content for papermaking, substitute for plastic and other applications. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for future research and development in bamboo breeding, including the application of omics technologies, artificial intelligence and the development of new breeding methods. Finally, by integrating the technical advances in bamboo breeding with a discussion of its broader implications for sustainable development, this review provides a comprehensive framework for the development of bamboo industry.
Young adults with congenital heart disease heading to college: Are college health centers and providers prepared?
Authors: Hardy Rose Y. , Babu Suhas , Jackson Jamie L. , George Sandra , Andrews Jennifer G. , Daskalov Rachel , May Susan C. , Miller Paula , Timmins Susan , Pike Nancy A. ,   for the Congenital Heart Public Health Consortium
Published: July 2023

Background:

An estimated 1.4 million adults in the United States have congenital heart disease (CHD). As this population grows and many pursue postsecondary education, these adults' health care needs and concerns should be at the forefront for providers, particularly nurse practitioners, at college health centers.

Purpose:

To understand how college health centers and providers identify and manage the care of students with chronic conditions to further support their health care transition, with a focus on students with CHD.

Methodology:

Qualitative key informant interviews were performed with providers at five college health centers to understand the processes in place and the challenges health care providers on college campuses face when caring for students with CHD.

Results:

Most of the college health centers did not have formalized processes in place to care for these students. Although many felt that they had the capabilities in their health centers to manage these students' maintenance/preventive care needs, fewer felt comfortable with their urgent or emergent care needs. The onus was often on students or parents/guardians to initiate these transitions.

Conclusions:

This study highlights some challenges to providing care to students with chronic conditions like CHD. More collaborative relationships with specialists may be critical to ensuring that all the care needs of chronic disease students are met on college campuses.

Implications:

Nurse practitioners, who often staff these clinics, are well positioned to support this transition onto campuses and lead the development of processes to identify these students, ease care management transitions, and ensure easy provider communication that allow students with chronic diseases to thrive on campus.
Changes in aroma compounds of decaffeinated coffee
beans
Authors: Lee Jin-Young , Kim Young-Soo
Published: July 2023

In this study, we wanted to understand the impact of different decaffeination
processes on aroma compounds of coffee. Therefore, we analyzed differences in
physical characteristics and volatile aroma compounds profiles of regular coffee
(RC), Swiss water process decaffeinated coffee (SWDC), and supercritical
CO2 decaffeinated coffee (SCDC) after roasting the coffee beans.
The electronic nose analysis identified RC and SCDC as different groups which
indicates that these groups volatile aroma compound compositions were different.
The principal component analysis of volatile compound patterns identified using
an electronic nose indicated that there was a large difference in volatile
compounds between RC, which was not decaffeinated, and both decaffeinated SWDC
and SCDC. The major aroma compounds of RC, SWDC and SCDC were propan-2-one and
hexan-2-one which are ketone, and hexanal and (E)-2-pentenal which are aldehyde
and 3-methyl-1-butanol which is an alcohol. After roasting, the composition of
major volatile compounds appearing in the beans was similar, but the relative
odor intensity was different. We identified 28 volatile aroma compounds from RC,
SWDC, and SCDC using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), and analyzed 10 major
compounds that were present in high abundance, including furfural,
2-furanmethanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine.
Origami-based growing tube model for reproducing shell shapes
Authors: Ueda Maho , Fukunaga Nozomi , Yamashita Noa , Yokoyama Yuki , Kida Hideaki , Matsuda Keisuke
Published: July 2023

Mathematical models for shell morphology have been well-studied in theoretical morphology. The growing tube model proposed by Takashi Okamoto was developed to reproduce heteromorph ammonoids and can generate various shells by changing three parameters: curvature, torsion, and enlarging ratio. Previous studies in theoretical morphology have employed computers to visualize mathematical models. However, computers are not accessible to everyone, and merely observing the graphics of the reproduced shells does not deepen understanding of the mathematical model. Therefore, in this study, we considered using origami, which is inexpensive and readily available, to make users understand mathematical models through hands-on folding. First, we simplified the crease pattern of seashells, originally devised by an origami artist Tomoko Fuse, to create a basic crease pattern. We then identified the crease pattern elements corresponding to the three parameters in the growing tube model and the aperture-apex position determiner. Based on them, we reproduced various shell shapes, including a heteromorph-ammonoid-like shape, with origami. Finally, we investigated the constraints between parameters in the origami-growing tube model. The origami-growing tube model is expected to help disseminate mathematical models and promote theoretical biology.
ERK signalling orchestrates metachronous transition from naïve to formative pluripotency
Authors: Mulas Carla , Stammers Melanie , Salomaa Siiri I. , Heinzen Constanze , Suter David M. , Smith Austin , Chalut Kevin J.
Published: July 2023

Naïve epiblast cells in the embryo and pluripotent stem cellsin vitroundergo developmental progression to a formative state competent for lineage specification. During this transition, transcription factors and chromatin are rewired to encode new functional features. Here, we examine the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signalling in pluripotent state transition. We show that a primary consequence of ERK activation in mouse embryonic stem cells is elimination of Nanog, precipitating breakdown of the naïve state gene regulatory network. Cell variability in pERK dynamics results in metachronous down-regulation of Nanog and naïve state exit. Knockdown of Nanog allows exit without ERK activation. However, transition to formative pluripotency does not proceed and cells collapse to an indeterminate identity. This failure is attributable to loss of expression of the central pluripotency factor Oct4. Thus, during formative transition ERK signalling both dismantles the naïve state and preserves pluripotency. These results illustrate that a single signalling pathway can both drive exit from a developmental state and safeguard progression to the successor state.
Microglia dysfunction drives disrupted hippocampal amplitude of low frequency after acute kidney injury
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Pang Huize , Yang Yifan , Luo Doudou , Zheng Haiping , Huang Zicheng , Zhang Mingxia , Ren Ke
Published: July 2023

Aims

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with a variety of neurological problems, while the neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we utilized resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to detect brain injury at an early stage and investigated the impact of microglia on the neuropathological mechanism of AKI.

Methods

Rs‐fMRI data were collected from AKI rats and the control group with a 9.4‐Tesla scanner at 24, 48, and 72 h post administration of contrast medium or saline. The amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was then compared across the groups at each time course. Additionally, flow cytometry and SMART‐seq2 were employed to evaluate microglia. Furthermore, pathological staining and Western blot were used to analyze the samples.

Results

MRI results revealed that AKI led to a decreased ALFF in the hippocampus, particularly in the 48 h and 72 h groups. Additionally, western blot suggested that AKI‐induced the neuronal apoptosis at 48 h and 72 h. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy images demonstrated that AKI activated the aggregation of microglia into neurons at 24 h, with a strong upregulation of M1 polarization at 48 h and peaking at 72 h, accompanying with the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The ALFF value was strongly correlated with the proportion of microglia (|r| > 0.80, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that microglia aggregation and inflammatory factor upregulation are significant mechanisms of AKI‐induced neuronal apoptosis. We used fMRI to detect the alterations in hippocampal function, which may provide a noninvasive method for the early detection of brain injury after AKI.
Significant reduction in diabetes distress and improvements in psychosocial outcomes: A pilot test of an intervention to reduce diabetes distress in adults with type 1 diabetes and moderate‐to‐severe diabetes distress (REDUCE)
Authors: Stenov Vibeke , Due‐Christensen Mette , Cleal Bryan Richard , Tapager Ingrid Willaing
Published: July 2023

Aim

To pilot‐test an intervention, co‐designed with people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and diabetes specialist nurses, to reduce diabetes distress (DD) in adults with T1DM and moderate‐to‐severe DD.

Methods

A group‐based programme to reduce DD in people with T1DM and moderate‐to‐severe DD (REDUCE) was pilot‐tested in four groups with five bi‐weekly two and a half‐hour meetings facilitated by two trained diabetes specialist nurses. Data collection included baseline and post‐intervention questionnaires measuring DD and psychosocial outcomes and semi‐structured interviews with participants post‐intervention (n = 18). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and systematic text condensation.

Results

Twenty‐five adults with T1DM participated in the study. The median age and diabetes duration of participants were 50 (IQR: 32;57.5) years and 26 (IQR: 18;45) years, respectively. Seventeen (68%) were women. The pilot study showed a significant reduction in DD (measured by Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale) between baseline and post‐intervention from 2.6 ± 0.7 to 1.9 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD) (p < 0.001). The largest reductions were seen on the subscales: powerlessness 1.2 ± 1.1, eating distress 0.9 ± 1.2 and fear of hypoglycaemia 0.8 ± 1.0 (mean ± SD). Significant improvements were also seen for quality of life, diabetes empowerment and emotion regulation. Qualitative data showed that REDUCE supported participants in verbalizing emotions and seeing worries in a more constructive perspective. Acknowledgement of negative diabetes experiences eased negative self‐judgments. Sharing experiences among peers increased relatedness and reduced loneliness.

Conclusion

Participation in REDUCE was associated with significant reduction in DD and significant increase in quality of life. Larger scale studies are planned to determine sustained effectiveness of REDUCE.
Effect of combined aerobic–resistance training and subsequent detraining on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Donyaei Adel , Kiani Elina , Bahrololoum Hassan , Moser Othmar
Published: July 2023

Aims

In this study, we assessed the effects of a 12‐week combined aerobic–resistance training and subsequent detraining on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and mediating role of BDNF and also investigated whether exercise‐induced alterations are maintained following a short period of detraining in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐four women with T2D were randomly assigned to experimental or control group (age: 60.6 ± 6.3, body mass index (BMI): 30.2 ± 1.3 kg/m2, HbA1c: 8.09 ± 0.73%). The exercise training comprised of combined aerobic–resistance programme (50%–70% heart rate reserve for aerobic exercise, and 50%–70% 1 repetition maximum for resistance exercise, respectively) performed three sessions per week over 12 weeks. The intervention period was followed by an 8‐week detraining period. Data were collected at baseline and also following exercise intervention and detraining. Data were analysed by linear mixed model at p < 0.05.

Results

After 12 weeks of combined exercise training and 8 weeks of detraining, there was a significant difference in BDNF (0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07–0.10; p = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (−45.41; CI = −50.83, ‐39.98; p = 0.001), insulin (−6.47; CI = −7.04, −5.9; p = 0.001), HOMA‐IR (−3.76; CI = −4.07, −3.45; p = 0.001) and BDI score (−17.17; CI = −20.29, −14.05; p = 0.001) between the experimental and control group. Multiple mediation analysis indicated that BDNF seems to have a mediating role in exercise‐induced improvement of depression (p = 0.04). After the detraining period, BDI score remained unchanged and it showed a significant increase compared to before the start of training (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

It may be concluded that exercise training improves depression that is likely to be explained by increased BDNF concentration in TD2. In spite of decreased BDNF concentration following an 8‐week detraining, depression score was maintained.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the AIS: Challenges and opportunities of remote conferences
Authors: Marabelli Marco , Zaza Sam , Masiero Silvia , Li Jingyao (Lydia) , Chudoba Kathy
Published: July 2023

With this research opinion article, we aim to contribute to the ongoing conversation concerning diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) within the IS community. Following Windeler et al.'s (2020) research on perceptions of DEI among members of the Association for Information Systems (AIS), we focus on how conferences should be convened in the post‐COVID‐19 era to maximise inclusivity. What are the benefits, challenges and implications of holding online and hybrid conferences? Informed by feedback from a survey involving IS scholars in the Global South and from a wide array of AIS senior scholars and conference leaders, we identify several challenges and opportunities of online and hybrid conferences (or, more generally, conferences allowing remote access) for the IS community. We weigh these tradeoffs and implications for DEI and provide reflections to generate constructive discussion on the future of AIS conferences.
The influence of loss to follow‐up in autism screening research: Taking stock and moving forward
Authors: Sheldrick R. Christopher , Hooker Jessica L. , Carter Alice S. , Feinberg Emily , Croen Lisa A. , Kuhn Jocelyn , Slate Elizabeth , Wetherby Amy M.
Published: July 2023

Background

How best to improve the early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the subject of significant controversy. Some argue that universal ASD screeners are highly accurate, whereas others argue that evidence for this claim is insufficient. Relatedly, there is no clear consensus as to the optimal role of screening for making referral decisions for evaluation and treatment. Published screening research can meaningfully inform these questions—but only through careful consideration of children who do not complete diagnostic follow‐up.

Methods

We developed two simulation models that re‐analyze the results of a large‐scale validation study of the M‐CHAT‐R/F by Robins et al. (2014, Pediatrics, 133, 37). Model #1 re‐analyzes screener accuracy across six scenarios, each reflecting different assumptions regarding loss to follow‐up. Model #2 builds on this by closely examining differential attrition at each point of the multi‐step detection process.

Results

Estimates of sensitivity ranged from 40% to 94% across scenarios, demonstrating that estimates of accuracy depend on assumptions regarding the diagnostic status of children who were lost to follow‐up. Across a range of plausible assumptions, data also suggest that children with undiagnosed ASD may be more likely to complete follow‐up than children without ASD, highlighting the role of clinicians and caregivers in the detection process.

Conclusions

Using simulation modeling as a quantitative method to examine potential bias in screening studies, analyses suggest that ASD screening tools may be less accurate than is often reported. Models also demonstrate the critical importance of every step in a detection process—including steps that determine whether children should complete an additional evaluation. We conclude that parent and clinician decision‐making regarding follow‐up may contribute more to detection than is widely assumed.
Association between physicians' geriatric training and patterns of end‐of‐life care delivered to persons with dementia
Authors: Gotanda Hiroshi , Zhang Jessica J. , Reuben David B. , Walling Anne M. , Xu Haiyong , Jena Anupam B. , Gross Nate , Tsugawa Yusuke
Published: July 2023

Background

Geriatric training is designed to prepare physicians to meet the complex needs of older adults, including persons with dementia at the end‐of‐life (EOL) stage. We sought to compare patterns of EOL care delivered to persons with dementia between physicians with versus without geriatric training.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of a 20% random sample of fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with dementia who died in 2016–2018 (n = 99,631). We attributed beneficiaries to a physician who had the largest number of primary care visits during the last 6 months of life and determined whether the physician was trained in geriatrics. Our outcome measures included: (i) advance care planning (ACP) and palliative care (e.g., ACP, hospice enrollment in the last 90 days of life), and (ii) high‐intensity EOL care (e.g., emergency department visits or hospital admissions in the last 30 days of life).

Results

Beneficiaries with dementia under the care of physicians with geriatric training had a higher proportion of ACP (adjusted proportion, 15.8% vs. 13.0%;p < 0.001 after accounting for multiple comparisons), palliative care counseling (22.4% vs. 20.9%;p = 0.01), and hospice enrollment (63.7% vs. 60.6%;p < 0.001). Geriatric training was also associated with a lower proportion of emergency department visits (55.1% vs. 59.1%;p < 0.001), hospital admissions (48.8% vs. 52.3%;p < 0.001), ICU admissions (24.9% vs. 27.4%;p < 0.001), use of mechanical ventilation (11.2% vs. 13.0%;p < 0.001), and use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2.1% vs. 2.4%;p = 0.03) in the last 30 days of life. There was no evidence that the placement of feeding tubes differed between the two groups.

Conclusions

Physicians' geriatric training was associated with the receipt of more ACP and palliative care and less intensive EOL care among persons with dementia. Provision of geriatric training for physicians may have the potential to improve the quality of EOL care delivered to persons with dementia.
Serotonergic regulation of appetite and sodium appetite
Authors: Shin Yurim , Kim Seungjik , Sohn Jong‐Woo
Published: July 2023

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons is changed in response to the changes in feeding status to regulate appetite via the serotonin receptors. Likewise, changes in volume status are known to alter the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons and drugs targeting serotonin receptors were shown to affect sodium appetite. Therefore, the central serotonin system appears to regulate ingestion of both food and salt, although neural mechanisms that induce appetite in response to hunger and sodium appetite in response to volume depletion are largely distinct from each other. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge regarding the regulation of ingestion – appetite and sodium appetite – by the central serotonin system.
A comprehensive item‐level examination of Conscientiousness' underlying structure across three large samples
Authors: Phillips Nathaniel L. , Van Til Kaela , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D.
Published: July 2023

Objective

The present study examined the hierarchical structure of Conscientiousness across three large samples using item‐level analyses.

Background

Conscientiousness is among the strongest predictors of individual differences in major life outcomes. Yet decades of work understanding the optimal lower‐order structure of Conscientiousness has not rectified the differences that remain among existing models and measures. To precisely measure its relations to major life outcomes, it is necessary to work toward a comprehensive, replicable conceptualization of the construct's structure.

Methods

The present pre‐registered study used three samples (Ns = 446, 406, & 424) to explore the domain's latent structure with item‐level “bass‐ackward” factor analyses and evaluate the resulting structure's interpretability, parsimony, and replicability. Participants completed self‐report measures of Conscientiousness and criteria in its nomological network (e.g., FFM traits, externalizing behavior, disinhibitory traits; informant reports were collected as well).

Results

The factor analyses identified five interpretable and replicable factors (i.e., deliberation, order, industriousness, self‐discipline, and dependability) using predominant measures of general personality. An additional factor (i.e., traditionalism) was introduced in the six‐factor solution when the item pool was expanded to include less widely used measures of general personality.

Conclusion

The authors discuss the item composition of each factor, their relation to existing models and measures of the domain's structure, their association with relevant criteria, and the general implications of conceptualizing Conscientiousness using flexible, item‐level factor analysis.
Performance of the Sysmex XN‐V hematology analyzer in determining the immature platelet fraction in dogs: A preliminary study and reference values
Authors: Jornet‐Rius Oriol , Mesalles‐Naranjo Montse , Pastor Josep
Published: July 2023

Background

Immature platelets (IPs) are newly formed platelets released into circulation that have been demonstrated as good markers of thrombopoiesis. Although many flow cytometric and fully automated‐based methods are available, the latest Sysmex XN‐V hematology analyzer for veterinary use is equipped with a specific fluorescent platelet channel (PLT‐F) that detects platelets using a platelet‐specific dye.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance of the Sysmex XSN‐1000 V in determining the IPF (immature platelet fraction) and other selected PLT‐F channel parameters and to propose IPF reference intervals (RIs) for canine blood samples.

Methods

Canine EDTA blood samples were analyzed on the Sysmex XN‐1000 V to assess linearity, imprecision, carryover, stability, and the effect of platelet clumping on selected platelet parameters from the PLT‐F channel. We also reported the de novo generated RIs for the IPF in dogs.

Results

Imprecision was acceptable (CV <10%) for all parameters except for the absolute IPF values (IPF#), in which the reproducibility was 12.15% for the normal‐low concentration samples. Linearity and carryover were excellent for all variables. Relative IPF values (IPF %) and IPF# remained stable for both storage conditions for up to 48 hours; however, a nonsignificant progressive increase in these parameters was observed from 12 hours at 4°C. We observed a statistical increase in IPF% and IPF# and a statistically significant decrease in PLT‐F counts after intentional in vitro platelet aggregation. RIs were generated for all reference samples (n = 69) and for samples with (n = 25) or without (n = 44) platelet clumps.

Conclusions

The performance of the new PLT‐F channel‐derived variables for dogs was excellent. Specific RIs for IPF should be used when platelet aggregates are present.
Methodology‐related pseudohyperkalemia associated with marked muscle enzyme leakage in a dog
Authors: Clancey Noel , Burton Shelley , Gilroy Cornelia , Saunders Janet
Published: July 2023

Background

As hyperkalemia may be life‐threatening, it is critical to recognize artifactually increased potassium concentrations. Pseudohyperkalemia may occur in myopathies when using the VetScan2 analyzer (VS2), but the degree of pseudohyperkalemia and relationships relative to creatine kinase activity (CK) are unknown.

Objectives

We aimed to determine what degree of muscle enzyme leakage, as reflected by increased serum CK activity, results in cases with falsely elevated potassium concentrations when measured by the VS2. We also sought to establish if a linear relationship exists between potassium concentrations measured by the VS2 and CK activity.

Methods

Serum samples from dogs with increased CK activity and with CK activity within the reference interval and without clinically relevant biochemical alterations were used to create diluted samples having various CK activities. Potassium concentrations and CK activities were determined on VS2 and Cobas c501 (Cobas) analyzers. Wilcoxon signed rank, Bland–Altman, and Passing‐Bablok analyses were used to compare potassium concentrations generated by the VS2 and Cobas analyzers. Least squares regression analysis was performed to evaluate if a linear relationship exists between VS2 potassium concentrations and Cobas CK activities.

Results

Potassium concentrations from the VS2 were higher (median and standard deviation (SD) = 5.2 +/− 0.46 mmol/L) than those from the Cobas analyzer (4.4 +/− 0.35 mmol/L;P < 0.000), and a positive mean bias was found (mean difference = 0.774 mmol/L; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.706–0.842; limits of agreement = 0.21–1.34). Passing‐Bablok regression showed a positive proportional bias for potassium concentrations on the VS2 compared with paired Cobas results (Slope = 1.328; 95% CI = 1.100–1.500) but did not reveal systematic bias (Intercept = −0.714; 95% CI = −1.46–0.265). Least squares regression analysis showed a poor non‐significant relationship (R2 = 0.19) between potassium measured by the VS2 and CK measured by the Cobas analyzer.

Conclusions

A defined threshold value of CK activity at which potassium concentration begins to falsely increase when measured on the VS2 was not established as data widely varied. A poor non‐significant relationship between potassium concentrations and CK activities did not allow prediction of the threshold at which falsely increased potassium concentrations would be expected on the VS2.
Olfactory neuroblastoma in a domestic cat and review of the literature
Authors: Martí‐García Bernat , Priestnall Simon L. , Holmes Emma , Suárez‐Bonnet Alejandro
Published: July 2023

Nasal tumors account for less than 10% of all feline neoplasms, with lymphoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, the most commonly reported. Nasal neuroectodermal tumors, including olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), are scarcely described, and their tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Here we report the cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features of a feline ONB. We also provide a pathological review of nasal neuroendocrine neoplasms in cats. A 7‐year‐old Burmese cat was evaluated for sneezing, occasional epistaxis, and upper respiratory noise for 8 months. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a 7 × 5 × 3 mm irregular mass effacing and expanding the nasal cavity, which extended to the nasopharynx. Cytologically, neoplastic cells were round to polygonal and had a round nucleus with finely stippled chromatin, a single small nucleolus, and abundant pale blue cytoplasm, which contained abundant fine pale pink granules. They exhibited mild cellular atypia, anisocytosis, and mild to occasionally moderate anisokaryosis. Rhinoscopic biopsies revealed a densely cellular, malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm. Cells were arranged in densely packed trabeculae and formed Homer Wright and Flexner–Wintersteiner‐like rosettes, with rare mitotic figures and scant supportive fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, COX‐2, and beta‐tubulin and negative for S‐100, chromogranin A, CD117, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). An ONB was diagnosed based on histological and immunohistochemical findings. Interestingly, and similar to nasal carcinomas, neoplastic cells diffusely neo‐expressed COX‐2. To the authors′ knowledge, there is no previous evidence of COX‐2 in feline ONB. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are required for a definitive diagnosis of ONB.
A mismatch of planning and achieved tibial plateau angle in cranial closing wedge surgery: An in silico and clinical evaluation of 100 cases
Authors: Banks Charlotte , Jones Gareth Michael Couper , Meeson Richard Lawrence
Published: July 2023

Objective

(1) To determine whether Oxley's modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO) results in a tibial plateau angle (TPA) of 5° in silico, (2) compare in silico to clinical postoperative TPA and (3) determine the impact of ostectomy distalization in silico.

Study design

Cross‐sectional retrospective radiographic in silico study.

Sample population

A total of 100 stifle radiographs; 90 dogs (small ≤25 kg = 84; large >25 kg = 16).

Methods

Tibial plateau angles were measured preoperatively (TPAPre), after in silico planning (TPAPlan), and postoperatively (TPAPost). Virtual ostectomies were evaluated for plate fit. Postoperative ostectomy position was measured. Virtual ostectomies were performed 5/7.5/10/15 mm from the patellar tendon insertion in 10 dogs from each preoperative TPA category (≤20°/21–25°/ 26–30°/31–35°/>35°). Comparisons for TPAPre, TPAPost, and TPAPlan were made between small and large dogs, and the outcome to the target 5° between TPA categories and ostectomy positions.

Results

Mean ± SD TPAPre was 28.6 ± 6.2° and higher in small than large dogs. Mean TPAPlan was 7.6 ± 2.7°. Plate fit was appropriate in all. In silico, TPAs were greater than 5° except for cases with TPAPre > 35°. Median TPAPost was 5.5° (−4–21) and was higher in small (7°) than large (4.5°) dogs. Postoperative ostectomy position was more distal than Oxley's guidelines. When distalized >7.5 mm in silico, the magnitude of under‐correction increased.

Conclusions

Oxley's modified CCWO did not result in TPA of 5° in most cases. Ostectomy distalization exacerbated under‐correction.

Clinical impact

Current guidelines should be modified to achieve 5° TPA postoperatively.
Chinese migrants’ experiences of responding to gambling harm in New Zealand
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Fouché Christa , Adams Peter James
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Forming a problematic relationship with gambling has major consequences for gamblers, families, communities, and society. As the third-largest ethnic group in New Zealand, the Chinese community in particular faces increasing challenges with casino gambling. This paper reports on Chinese migrants’ lived experience of their challenges and needs in responding to gambling harm.
METHODS:  Sixteen recent migrants (both gamblers and affected family members) from eight families were interviewed. Data analysis comprised a comprehensive thematic approach involving multiple readings of interview transcripts and an iterative development of themes, guided by hermeneutic phenomenological methods.
FINDINGS: Participants shared their experiences of pathways into gambling and ways to respond to gambling harm. The key findings are presented as four stages, which can be conceptualised as misconnecting, disconnecting, reconnecting, and rebuilding natural life.
CONCLUSION: This article presents qualitative evidence of Chinese migrants in New Zealand’s experiences with excessive gambling and considerations for service providers and policymakers when developing programmes and policies for preventing and minimising gambling harm for this population.
We need to talk about self-care (but not in the way you think)
Authors: Berkowitz Allison
Published: July 2023

Self-care is widely acknowledged as crucial in the social work profession. While this area of research has begun to expand in recent decades, there is still much to be explored. Most studies in this field cover issues like the types and frequency of self-care engaged in, howto teach it, and how it relates to the prevention of issues like burnout. This research brief will review the literature surrounding these important matters, highlighting a gap pertaining to the practical understanding and application of self-care. How do social workers and social work students think and feel about self-care and the way it is currently taught? Do they know how often most of their peers engage in self-care? Do they know how to realistically incorporate self-care into their own lives? This research brief will discuss what is currently known about the answers to these questions, culminating in suggestions for future research and recommendations that will give future social workers realistic expectations and tools with which to enter the field.
Histone Methyltransferases as a New Target for Epigenetic Action of Vorinostat
Authors: Maksimova Varvara , Makus Julia , Popova Valeriia , Prus Anzhelika , Usalka Olga , Trapeznikova Ekaterina , Zhidkova Ekaterina , Belitsky Gennady , Yakubovskaya Marianna , Kirsanov Kirill
Published: July 2023

Epigenetic genome regulation during malignant cell transformation is characterized by the aberrant methylation and acetylation of histones. Vorinostat (SAHA) is an epigenetic modulator actively used in clinical oncology. The antitumor activity of vorinostat is commonly believed to be associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylases, while the impact of this drug on histone methylation has been poorly studied. Using HeLa TI cells as a test system allowing evaluation of the effect of epigenetically active compounds from the expression of the GFP reporter gene and gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs, we showed that vorinostat not only suppressed HDAC1, but also reduced the activity of EZH2, SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SUV420H1. The ability of vorinostat to suppress expression of EZH2, SUV39H1/2, SUV420H1 was confirmed by Western blotting. Vorinostat also downregulated expression of SUV420H2 and DOT1L enzymes. The data obtained expand our understanding of the epigenetic effects of vorinostat and demonstrate the need for a large-scale analysis of its activity toward other enzymes involved in the epigenetic genome regulation. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the epigenetic action of vorinostat will contribute to its more proper use in the treatment of tumors with an aberrant epigenetic profile.
Fifteen-minute consultation: How to approach the initial discussions of dysmorphism with parents
Authors: Parmenter Kate Frances , English Sharon , Campbell Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Approaching discussions and introducing the idea of dysmorphology to parents and families can be perceived as difficult and even daunting by health professionals resulting in uneasiness in how best to initiate important dialogues sensitively and accessibly.

Here, we offer a structured approach to the assessment of, and subsequent initial discussion around, dysmorphism and potential syndromic features in babies and children.
Angioscopic and histopathological findings of in-stent restenosis in external iliac artery
Authors: Ukita Kohei , Egami Yasuyuki , Nishino Masami
Published: July 2023

Little has been reported on the angioscopic and histopathological findings of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in the iliac artery. Here, we report a case of a male patient in his 70s who showed recurrent ISR in the right external iliac artery. We observed the ISR lesions with not only an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) but also an angioscopy and a biopsy to clarify the mechanism of ISR. These imaging and histopathological findings showed neointimal hyperplasia, and we performed endovascular therapy with covered stent placement to prevent neointimal formation. Not only the IVUS but also the angioscopic and histopathological findings were helpful to clarify the mechanism of ISR and to determine the treatment plan.
Attention-based deep learning framework to recognize diabetes disease from cellular retinal images
Authors: Kothadiya Deep , Rehman Amjad , Abbas Sidra , Alamri Faten S. , Saba Tanzila
Published: July 2023

A medical disorder known as diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects people who suffer from diabetes. Many people are visually impaired due to DR. Primary cause of DR in patients is high blood sugar, and it affects blood vessels available in the retinal cell. The recent advancement in deep learning and computer vision methods, and their automation applications can recognize the presence of DR in retinal cells and vessel images. Authors have proposed an attention-based hybrid model to recognize diabetes in early stage to prevent harmful clauses. Proposed methodology uses DenseNet121 architecture for convolution learning and then, the feature vector will be enhanced with channel and spatial attention model. The proposed architecture also simulates binary and multiclass classification to recognize the infection and the spreading of disease. Binary classification recognizes DR images either positive or negative, while multiclass classification represents an infection on a scale of 0–4. Simulation of the proposed methodology has achieved 98.57% and 99.01% accuracy for multiclass and binary classification, respectively. Simulation of the study also explored the impact of data augmentation to make the proposed model robust and generalized. Attention-based deep learning model has achieved remarkable accuracy to detect diabetic infection from retinal cellular images.