bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of vacuum pump design for milking animals
Authors: Khmelovskyi Vasyl , Rebenko Victor , Zabolotko Oleg , Bratishko Viacheslav
Published: June 2023

The experience of manufacturers of milking equipment shows that the main sources of vacuum formation in milking installations are vacuum pumps of the rotary vane type. Compared to others, they have a high efficiency (0.8-0.9), low energy consumption (0.06-0.08 kWh·m-3), simplicity of construction and maintenance, and the possibility of direct connection with an electric motor. Despite the high performance, rotary vane type pumps have the possibility of improving their operational parameters. The task of our research is to theoretically substantiate the position of the inlet and outlet windows, as well as to study the design of the vacuum pump housing, which will allow increasing the air filling of the space between the vanes and ensuring the removal of air through the outlet window with minimal resistance. Research has shown that when the rotor rotates, forces act on the blades, which, depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor, have different magnitudes. Based on this, the application of the laws of mechanics made it possible to justify the position of the inlet and outlet windows. In the process of creating a vacuum, air enters through the inlet pipe to the intake window and does not fill the space between the two blades as much as possible, and when transporting the volume of air located between the two blades to the area of the exhaust window, a quick exit of air is not ensured, which leads to a slow decrease of the rotor turning resistance. This is due to the fact that the width of the inlet and outlet windows is 1/5 of the width of the vacuum pump body. The task is achieved by the fact that the intake window ends with a groove, the dimensions of which in the transverse direction are 4/5 of the width of the vacuum pump body and in the longitudinal direction at least 1/2 of the width of the intake window, and the outlet window, which has a transverse groove, the dimensions of which are similar to the dimensions of the inlet groove.
Research in milking machine of pairwise combined type
Authors: Zabolotko Oleg , Achkevych Oksana , Potapova Svitlana , Kisilov Ruslan
Published: June 2023

It is known that improving the process and means of milking can increase the productivity of cows by 25-30%. Perfection of the design, interaction of the parameters and mode of operation of the milking machine have a special impact on the health, productivity of cows and milk quality. Parameters and modes of operation must correspond to the physiological characteristics of the process of milk production. Modern milking machines with a pair of milking cups ensure a stable flow of milk from pairs of teats into the collector chamber, doubling the irritation, which also has a synchronous uniform irritation of teats and udder halves. Milking machines with single action have high stability of milk supply to the collector chamber. Such devices also have much lower intensity of milk production. Improving the milking machine by changing the parameters in the milk cup by changing the operation of the control element (pulsator) will ensure asynchronous operation of the milking cups and increase the number of stimulating teats and udders during milking. A milking machine with paired-combined action is proposed, in which phases alternate during a certain cycle: simultaneous sucking phase in both pairs of milking cups, sucking phase in one when compressed in another pair of cups (milk is excreted in these phases) and simultaneous compression phase in both pairs (in this phase there is udder massage). The rational difference in pulsation frequency in pairs of milking cups is in the range from 0.1 to 0.2 Hz. The proposed mode of the milking machine increases the amount of milk produced during machine milking by 13.9% and its total yield by 8.2%, as well as reduces the duration of machine milking by 1.9… 2.1 times.
Application of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for quantification of chemical parameters in peat samples
Authors: Zvaigzne Zaiga Anna , Butlers Aldis
Published: June 2023

The demand for the characterization of soil properties on a wide geographical scale with a high spatial resolution is constantly growing to implement various competitive studies, including climate and ecology studies. However, conventional soil analysis methods are time-consuming and expensive. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has the potential to provide an alternative solution for the rapid and cost-effective determination of soil chemical and physical parameters. In this study, we calibrated a mid-infrared diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectrometer (MIR-DRIFTS) for the determination of commonly analysed soil parameters such as pH, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and humic acid content and evaluated the performance of the elaborated soil analysis MIR-DRIFTS methods. The spectrometer calibration was performed by partial least squares regression analysis using soil spectra data acquired by the spectrometer and soil parameter reference values for the same samples acquired by traditional soil analysis methods. For calibration and validation of the MIR-DRIFTS methods, soil spectra were acquired in 3 replicates for a total of 1891 peat and peaty soils. To evaluate the performance of the elaborated MIR-DRIFTS methods, their uncertainty was evaluated by estimating the precision and accuracy of the results obtained. The highest potential of MIR-DRIFTS performance was observed for the determination of pH, C, N, and humic acid content, with an estimated combined uncertainty ranging around 6%, 6-28%, 16-20%, and 26-50%, respectively, depending on the analyte concentration. The estimated combined uncertainty of Ca, P, Mg, and K concentrations determined by MIR-DRIFTS ranged from 28-49%, 34-37%, 33-57%, and 57-100%, respectively. It was observed that the MIR-DRIFTS method’s performance is highly sensitive to the availability of samples used for method calibration. An increased number and diversity of samples used for calibration can improve the performance of MIR-DRIFTS methods of soil parameter determination.
Application of fourier infrared spectroscopy method for quantification of foliar litter composition
Authors: Skranda Ilona , Butlers Aldis
Published: June 2023

Foliar litter has an important role in the nutrient cycle of the forest ecosystem. Various litter fractions have different chemical composition and decomposition rate, which determines the dynamics of soil nutrient input. In addition, the proportion of litter fractions varies within the year and inter-annually depending on both biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, knowledge of the composition of litter fractions is important for the accurate modelling of nutrient cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the application of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method for the quantification of litter fractions to increase the efficiency of acquiring such data by avoiding the need for manual sorting of litter fractions. Mid-infrared diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectrometer (MIR-DRIFTS) was calibrated and the elaborated quantification methods were validated by using 152 fine-milled foliar litter samples with a known composition of four fractions: pine needles; all needles and leaves; twigs; rest of litter, including seeds, flowers, and insects. Samples used were collected at three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated stands over eight years. The performance of elaborated MIR-DRIFTS methods was evaluated by estimating bias from reference value and standard deviation of results obtained. The estimated combined uncertainty of litter fraction quantification results by the MIR-DRIFTS method is in a range from 12% to 15%.
Proposal for methodology to analyse operability of wine production plant in terms of power demand
Authors: Bietresato Marco , Ciotti Gellio , Zironi Alessandro , Zironi Roberto , Gubiani Rino
Published: June 2023

In the industrial plant context, especially in the case of a large increase in production, the risk of layering new acquisitions on top of an existing layout without questioning previous choices can lead to increasing inefficiencies. Under these conditions, the analysis of power demand in a reference period is a useful activity to be carried out. Therefore, a very fast and easy approach, based on the analysis of the energetic behaviour of an existing plant, in the present case a wine production facility, is proposed here with the aim to support management in addressing efficiency choices. It foresees, first of all, the acquisition of electricity consumption printouts, relevant to the last few years and detailed up to the day, from the national energy provider. Then, thanks to some analysis on weekly, monthly, seasonal and/or yearly trends, it is possible to evaluate: the basic power absorption levels (e.g. due to the plant auxiliary services, production machinery, product storage cells), the surplus power absorption levels due to seasonal trends (i.e. due to different environmental weather conditions) and the peaks due to the core production activities (concentrated mainly during the autumn, i.e. after the grape harvest). This approach allows connoting an industrial plant basically with two metrics, i.e. numerical parameters, both mathematically expressible as ratios between homogeneous quantities referred, respectively, to power demand levels and to periods of the year with different power demands. In the examined case, the analysis revealed a strongly-connoted yearly trend that evidences the existence of two, very different periods: an ordinary and an extraordinary period, corresponding to the grape harvesting term, having a “duration ratio” of 0.18 (18% of the year) and a “power request level ratio” of 4 (+300% of increment on the average request). The period with the higher request is, therefore, very short but intense in its power demand. This first analysis, together with the “weekly normalized average profile of power request” (second tool belonging to this methodology), allow evidencing: (1) the contribution of the activities, related to the wine making process, to the net increase of power demand, and (2) the possibility to flatten the weekly trend, now having a decrease of about 0.45-0.50 normalised power units between the working week and the weekend, by attributing some consumption to Saturdays and Sundays, e.g. by providing for a different staff rotation.
Sensitivity spread of piezo electric films used as sensors for machine and structural monitoring
Authors: Safonovs Aleksejs , Mironov Aleksey , Doronkin Pavel , Kuzmickis Vitalijs
Published: June 2023

The importance of integrated diagnostic systems grows, increasing safety and reducing the cost of operating machines and structures. For serially manufactured machines and structures inexpensive monitoring systems are needed. One of the developed solutions could be the replacement of the calibrated accelerometers with piezoelectric films. Such configuration of the system implies the methods that allow monitoring and diagnostic with uncalibrated sensors. As the film sensitivity parameters are not specified, it is necessary to determine experimentally the characteristics of individual piezo films. The experimental study has been completed by testing a batch of 50 piezo films. Each tested film was glued to a thin metal specimen, which is dynamically loaded with tensile and compressive stresses at a fixed frequency and amplitude. The sensitivity factor of the piezo film was evaluated using dynamic tests followed by temperature control. The testing setup and testing methods are described. Data processing techniques with results of development are performed. The study allowed establishing the dependence of sensitivity of piezo-film sensors on temperature, the confidence interval for the linear regression coefficient for the investigated temperature range. The results allow recognizing the piezo electric films (PVDF) as the sensors acceptable for use in vibration diagnostics and structural monitoring systems.
Experimental research on quality functioning of haulm residue remover from sugar beet epicotyl
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Budzanivskyi Myroslav , Zach Martin , Korenko Maros , Beloev Ivan , Orszaghova Dana , Dostal Petr , Ivanovs Semjons
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The modern technology of sugar beet haulm harvesting assumes the so-called double-stage cutting. First, the basic continuous cutting of the haulm residues from the epicotyl is carried out by using rotor haulm-cutting mechanisms. Then there follows clearance or cutting the residues from the epicotyl. This technology allows continuous, superior quality cutting and green matter harvesting. The green matter can be used as cattle fodder or a raw material for the production of biogas and clearance of haulm from root crops, eliminating the loss of sugary mass. We have developed a new structure of the epicotyl remover of haulm residues; the production tests have yielded positive results. The remover comprises two driving horizontal cylinders, on which cleaning elastic blades are fixed with a toggle in the radial direction. The machine’s shafts clasp each row of root crops, and the blades produce elastic bumps to the epicotyl from two opposite sides, thus cleaning effectively the spherical surfaces of the sugar beet epicotyls from the haulm residues. We have also developed new experimental equipment that allows modeling the work of the remover in field conditions, and we further pursue the experimental research of the machinery and tools. We have designed a program and methods to facilitate a field multifactorial experiment with a remover of haulm residues from the epicotyl of sugar beet roots and to determine the relevant quality indicators. The acquired results, processed by a PC, showed that the quality of the technological process that employs a remover with two driving horizontal cylinders to extract the haulm residues from the epicotyl of sugar beet can be improved via an elevated circumferential speed of the remover’s driving cylinders and a reduced height of the fixed blades above the level of the soil surface at a low gradual speed of the machine motion. Based on an analysis of the acquired functional and graphic dependences, we claim that the rational significance of the functioning modes of the studied remover of haulm residues from sugar beet epicotyl, which delivers the highest quality operation in order to remove the haulm residues from the spherical surfaces of the epicotyls of root crops, involves: 1) the speed of the gradual motion of the remover – 1.5...2.5 m·s-1; 2) the circumferential speed of the rotation of the driving cylinders – 55...80 rad·s-1; 3) the height of fixing the blades of the remover over the soil surface level – 0...2.5 cm.
Experimental research on performance of flexible screw conveyor when transporting agricultural materials
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Ivanovs Semjons , Beloev Ivan , Trokhaniak Oleksandra , Aboltins Aivars , Tkachenko Mycola , Rucins Adolfs , Ihnatiev Yevhen
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the design of a flexible screw conveyor working body and a laboratory setup for experimental studies of determining its performance in transporting agricultural materials. Studies of conveying capacity have allowed to determine its dependence on many factors that characterize the process, namely: screw rotation frequency n, coefficient ψ of line filling, inner diameter of the pipeline shell D. To determine the effect of these parameters on the performance of the screw conveyor, a full-factor experiment was conducted, the results of which showed that the dominant factor influencing the performance value is the rotation frequency of the working body n, and the least influential is the diameter of the housing D, but the value of the cooefficient ψ of the main also has a significant effect on the performance of the transportation process. So, when changing the rotation frequency of the working body within the range of 300...800 rpm, the productivity increases by 50% for barley and 48% for industrial salt, when changing the line filling ratio within the range of 0.3...0.5, the productivity increases by 16% for barley and 18% for industrial salt, and when changing the pipeline diameter D from 0.08 m to 0.1 the productivity increases by 0.7% for barley and 0.2% for industrial salt.
Methane production from briquettes of birch sawdust
Authors: Dubrovskis Vilis , Dubrovskis Dagnis
Published: June 2023

Renewable energy sources have the potential to reduce emissions of GHG when compared to the combustion of fossil fuels and thereby to mitigate climate change. Bioenergy systems can contribute to climate change mitigation if they replace traditional fossil fuel use (IPCC, 2012). Latvia is also striving to achieve neutral emissions by 2030. Therefore, the use of renewable energy is supported. Wood waste maybe an important resource for biogas production. The biodegradability is however limited because of the recalcitrant nature of the biofibers (lignocellulosic biomass) it contains. More and more biogas plants used the pellets or briquettes from various residues as a raw material. Their advantage is not only cheaper transport over longer distances, but also they absorb moisture well and do not form a floating layer. Hydraulic retention time working with such raw materials as birch sawdust and briquettes is relatively long and requires large volumes of bioreactors. Variety of additives can be used to improve the anaerobic digestion process. This article shows the results, where the enzymes alpha amylase, xylanase and biocatalyst Metaferm are used for the digestion process of birch briquette improvement. Birch briquettes were digested in 0.75 l bioreactors at temperature 38 °C in a batch mode process. Two biorectors were for control purposes and contained inoculums only. Other 14 biorectors contained biomass substrates without or with added enzymes or biocatalyst. Average specific biogas or methane yield from anaerobic fermentation of birch briquettes was 0.427 L·g-1DOM or 0.178 L·g-1DOM respectively. Addition of enzymes and biocatalyst (1ml) in bioreactors with birch briquettes increases the average methane yield.
Studies of performance parameters in milking robots after software improvement
Authors: Mangalis Maris , Priekulis Juris , Mangale Mara
Published: June 2023

. Robotic milking of cows began in Latvia in 2007, when it was introduced on two farms, including the training and research farm “Vecauce” of the Latvia University of Biological Sciences and Technology (then the Latvia University of Agriculture). These were the DeLaval VMS robots that are still in use on the farm “Vecauce”. A similar study was carried out already in 2009, but since then DeLaval milking robots have undergone technical and software updates and improvements. Therefore, a comparison of the operation indicators of these robots with the latest model of the same company, VMS V300, was made. Research shows that performing all technical maintenance intended for the VMS robot and replacing the original management system software can ensure successful operation of this robot even after 16 years of use. However, it has difficulties with accurately attaching the milking tubes to the respective cow’s teats. Because of this, the application of tubes is delayed and the average milking time of one cow reaches 8.25 minutes. When milking with the company’s latest generation VMS V300 robot, which uses a 3D camera to connect the milking tubes, the average milking time is only 6.6 minutes. Therefore, we can assume that the robots used on the farm “Vecauce” for milking cows are morally and physically obsolete.
Modernization of content of lecture course in physics to train future agricultural engineers
Authors: Bulgakova Oksana , Zbaravska Lesya , Slobodian Sergii , Shynkaruk Nataliia , Dukulis Ilmars
Published: June 2023

The main goal of the higher education system of the agrarian and technical educational institutions is training qualified specialists in accordance with the public demand. The article contains analysis of the theoretical provisions that form the basis of the concept of teaching physics to the students of agrarian and technical educational institutions during the lectures. There are established integrative connections between the fundamental essence and professional orientation of teaching physics to the students of an agrarian-technical educational institution during the lectures, and a proven methodology described for their implementation. There are disclosed the main techniques for realization of professional orientation of teaching physics in the form of lectures to the students of agrarian and technical educational institutions. There are defined the main ways of increasing the professional knowledge of the students while studying the course of physics. Since the educational process in physics in an agrarian and technical educational institution is a complex system that includes many components, in order to investigate it, as a whole, and to study each of its components separately, it is necessary to determine the basic principles of the fundamental and professional orientation of education. It is proved that the use of a professionally directed material contributes to the formation of a system of physical knowledge by the students, as well as the acquisition of various practical skills and abilities. Introduction of professional competence into the educational process stimulates cognitive interest in the study of physics as a science, allows to better assimilate the material of other disciplines of the natural science cycle, develops cognitive and creative abilities, and influences the formation of sustainable motives for obtaining knowledge in special disciplines.
Digital twin modelling for smart fruit-growing: eco-cyber-physical system 4+1 architecture
Authors: Kodors Sergejs , Zarembo Imants , Majore Ginta , Rubauskis Edgars , Litavniece Lienite
Published: June 2023

The continuous evolution of technology and industrial revolutions provides new horizons for the application of smart solutions in every aspect of human lives. At the same time, it causes new social and engineering challenges, which require appropriate methodologies and solutions to overcome them. A smart orchard is an example of an eco-cyber-physical system. Modelling of an eco-cyber-physical system is more complex than simple software development because the complexity quickly grows together with the amount of interconnected components. The difficulties come together with various fruit tree species (in our case apples, pears, and cherries), related technologies and orchard systems. Such systems differ even in the frame of one species like apple trees (rootstocks effect on the tree size; planting density; tree canopy training systems, etc.) and some production risk-reducing technologies (rain and hail, against birds and insects protecting covering systems), as well as agricultural machinery movement in the site. An additional accelerator of complexity growth is the development of eco-cyber-physical and data-driven decision-making paradigms, which propose business-driven development considering ecological and technical aspects together within cyberspace. As a result, the product of synergy is a digital twin paradigm, which provides digital mirrors for artificial intelligence to monitor and manipulate the physical world considering environmental aspects. This article presents the digital twin “4 + 1” model of a smart orchard, which is described using modern visual notations like 4EM for project view, ARTSS for logical view, OPM for process view, IoT-adapted UML component diagram for physical view and spatial map for deployment view. The proposed methodology offers a roadmap for design and development of smart solutions in fruit-growing to predict the yield and potential of income generation in the early stages of the season.
Distribution networks in national and crossborder e-commerce
Authors: Madlenak Radovan , Madlenakova Lucia , Szatmari Peter , Neszmelyi Gyoergy Ivan
Published: June 2023

This article deals with the classification and creation of logistic distribution models. The main objective of the article is to create the methodology for designing a global distribution network (GDN). The suitable GDN could play a significant role in the global supply chain and try to fulfil the needs of companies while entering foreign markets. Logistic operators with their optimized networks help facilitate international trade to deliver parcels, packages, partnering with express, courier services embracing mobile and online technologies, provide financial services etc. On the basis of these needs the methodology of designing the logistics network for cross-border or national logistics network will be formulated.
Global postal e-commerce delivery network - trade solution for small and medium enterprises to enter global market
Authors: Madlenak Radovan , Madlenakova Lucia , Toth Tamas , Neszmelyi Gyoergy Ivan
Published: June 2023

The Global Postal Network (GPN) has encountered various challenges in its attempt to satisfy the needs of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) when engaging in foreign markets. By providing parcel and package delivery and collaborating with express and courier services, GPN has a vital role in global supply chains and is an indispensable part of the e-commerce industry today. Moreover, through the implementation of mobile and online technologies, GPN has enabled financial services and other innovative approaches which facilitate e-business on both local and international markets. This article will explore examples of how the postal system can assist SMEs, particularly in last-mile delivery, in conducting successful business.
Numerical analysis for system of parabolic equations with periodic functions
Authors: Kalis Harijs , Kangro Ilmars , Aboltins Aivars
Published: June 2023

Solving of parabolic partial differential equations (PDE) is closely connected to many practical studies of mathematical physics, environmental science, chemistry, etc. – modelling of heavy metal distribution in peat layer’s block; solving heat transfer problems in multilayer environments. Despite the current great capabilities of software, the development of accurate and effective numerical technique algorithms is still ongoing, particularly in areas 2-D and 3-D involving periodic boundary conditions (PBC). The solutions of some linear and nonlinear problems for parabolic type equations and systems with (PBCs) are obtained using the method of lines (MOL) to approach the partial differential equations (PDS) in the time and discretization in space applying the finite difference scheme (FDS) and the finite difference scheme with the exact spectrum (FDSES). As an application of the described mathematical models the 3-D diffusion problem of peat block is solved. The FDS method in the uniform grid is used to approximate the differential operator of the second and the first order derivatives in the space, using multi-point stencil. The solution in the time is obtained analytically with continuous and discrete Fourier methods and numerically, using MATLAB.
Simulation of freight wagon running on test track at different speeds and load distribution from point of view of derailment safety and lateral forces
Authors: Solcansky Sebastian , Gerlici Juraj , Ishchuk Vadym , Molnar Denis
Published: June 2023

The paper is focused on a simulation of a railway freight wagon running on a test track with the given parameters. The railway freight wagon is running at different speeds and with different loads, at which the simulation is analysed from the point of view of derailment safety and lateral forces acting in the wheel/rail contact and individual bogies. The load distribution on the given railway freight wagon plays an important role in terms of the investigated parameters, and therefore it is compared, how the railway freight wagon behaves on the given track depending on a particular load distribution. The dynamic model was created in the SIMULIA – SIMPACK multi-body simulation commercial software. Components of a bogie were made in three-dimensional computer-aided design software and subsequently were imported into the multi-body simulation software. The theoretical foundations of the forces acting on the bogie, such as the vertical load, slip, or lateral forces of the wheelset, are covered and the test track is also described. The concept of derailment safety and the forces, that are essential for these parameters, are defined. The basic parameters of the given railway freight bogie are mentioned together with its most frequent use. The article also contains a description of a three-dimensional dynamic model of a freight railway wagon. The results are evaluated and compared for each speed and load distribution. The findings will be appropriate for advancing academic research and development.
Modelling of farm-gate nitrogen balance in dairy farming - case study of Latvia
Authors: Auzins Alberts , Leimane Ieva , Dreijere Silvija
Published: June 2023

It is predicted that the demand for dairy products in the world will continue to grow in the next decade, and Latvian dairy products have growth potential in international markets. The European Green Deal aims to boost efficient use of resources by moving to a clean, circular economy and stop climate change, and revert biodiversity loss. The very significant element of it is the EU taxonomy for sustainable activities. The taxonomy stipulates that economic activity can qualify as environmentally sustainable only if it substantially contributes to one or more environmental objectives. In case of agriculture, especially dairy farming, there are limited options how to make substantial contribution. Although it is likely that several options will be available, ensuring sustainable farm-gate nitrogen balance could be the most realistic option, especially for intensive dairy farms. The Platform on Sustainable Finance has proposed several indicators how to measure farm-gate nitrogen balance, e.g. nitrogen surplus (also called nitrogen balance), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). At present there is a lack of evidence based knowledge about farm-gate nitrogen balance in Latvia’s dairy farming. The aim of the study was to model the farm-gate nitrogen balance and examine nitrogen surplus and NUE for several types of dairy farms (depending on the herd size and management practice). The input data for modelling were derived from results of the previous research carried out by the authors. The criteria of maximum nitrogen surplus and minimum NUE proposed by the platform were applied to assess the results of the modelling. The results of the study indicate that it could be challenging for Latvia’s dairy farms to meet the maximum nitrogen surplus and especially the minimum NUE. These challenges are particularly considerable for dairy farms that have low productivity and that have high dependency on purchased feed.
Research on process of cutting superficial roots in trees
Authors: Zaica Ana , Ciuperca Radu , Zaica Alexandru
Published: June 2023

The subject of this work resides in the current challenges in the field of fruit growing, stipulated in a series of documents developed at the European level, on the one hand, and the existing situation at world level, on the other hand, according to which the fruit growing field is continuously developing in accordance with the market requirements, the development trends and the level of endowment with technical means of the addressed sector. Another aspect is the need, for the distribution chain of fruit to the consumer, for the quantities delivered to be constant, a situation that is satisfied by the level of annual fruit production. For this, a series of maintenance works must be applied to fruit crops, in accordance with the latest technologies adopted by the world’s major fruit producers. Recent research in fruit growing has demonstrated that the sectioning of a part of the root system of the trees, correlated with the cuts made in the crown, is beneficial, it contributes to keeping the small size of the trees and to maintaining the growth of the roots within the limit of the nutrition space of each tree. The application of cutting the roots to trees is one of the works that leads to the achievement of an optimal management of the annual fruit production, the mechanical removal of the roots being necessary when the yield of the fruit plantations is reduced. The paper presents a brief presentation of the current state regarding the provision of technical means for cutting at the root level, adopted solutions and a presentation of the work process of the existing equipment. It also presents an innovative equipment for cutting tree roots, the adopted technical solutions, the work process and a mathematical calculation to optimize it, results and conclusions.
Research on application of viscous damping technology in reinforcement and reconstruction of existing buildings
Authors: Pan Zheng Bin , Lu Yun Xiang , Yang Xue Rui
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the basic principle, secondary software development and practical application of viscous damper vibration reduction technology are studied. The viscous damping coefficient velocity function equivalence method is used, and the secondary development is carried out in the finite element software ANSYS through program compilation, and the operation interface of the velocity function equivalence method is established. On this basis, the complex vibration problems of an existing building are studied, and the arrangement and installation of viscous dampers are guided on site.Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the UIDL program and APDL macro command stream in the finite element software ANSYS can be used to establish the operation interface of the speed function equivalent method, which makes the method have better applicability and operability, improve the work efficiency and facilitate the popularization and application. By adopting the nonlinear viscous damper damping technology, before the structure and equipment produce strong vibration, the damper first enters the energy dissipation state, produces large damping, greatly consumes vibration energy, and rapidly attenuates the dynamic response of the structure and equipment to ensure the safety and normal use of the structure and equipment.The field dynamic test results and the finite element analysis results both show that the viscous damper vibration reduction technology based on the velocity function equivalent method has a significant vibration reduction effect, and is an effective means to solve the existing building vibration problems.
Risk analysis of forest fires in China based on information diffusion theory
Authors: Ying Zhang , Zixuan Zhang
Published: June 2023

Forest fire is an important influencing factor in the forest ecosystem, which has an important influence on the stability and balance of the ecosystem. It is of great significance to study the risk of forest fire to improve the management ability and countermeasures of forest resources risk as well as forest resources protection. The study collected data on the number of forest fires in China from 1990 to 2020 and analysed the risk of forest fires in China using the method of information diffusion theory, and the protection of forest resources is discussed. The study points out that the number of forest fires and the area of forest damage are generally decreasing, all these are closely related to the protection of resources and the construction of ecological civilization and the relatively perfect monitoring system of resources and environment etc. in China. The study results show that China has one general and large forest fire every 3.08 years, a major forest fire occurs in more than 10 years, a huge forest fire occurs in about 7 years, and a general and larger forest fire is in about 5 years. The study mainly provides reference for the forest risk management and resources protection and puts forward some policy suggestions for disaster prevention and control in China, especially in the protection of forest resources, there should be a clear technical and economic policy for forest disaster management and control, and a clear path for the formulation of technical and economic policy for it in China, so as to promote the development of environmental protection.
Efficacy of Concentrated Heat for Treatment of Insect Bites: A Real-world Study
Authors: Metz Martin , Elberskirch Manuel , Reuter Christof , Liedtke Lukas , Maurer Marcus
Published: June 2023

Insect bites that cause itch, pain and swelling are very common. The use of concentrated heat for relief of these symptoms may be a promising approach; however, the scientific evidence for efficacy of hyperthermia treatment is sparse. We report here the results of a large real-world study using a randomized control group to assess the efficacy of hyperthermia on insect bites in real-world conditions, specifically considering mosquito bites as the most common type. The study was conducted in a decentralized manner via a smartphone-controlled medical device, heat it®, for treatment of insect bites and stings through application of heat. The application that controls the device was accompanied by additional questionnaires, that collected data related to insect bites, such as itch and pain intensity. Analysis of data from over 12,000 collected treated insect bites, generated by approximately 1,750 participants (42% female, 39 ± 13 years) showed significant inhibition of itch and pain for all investigated insect species (mosquitoes, horseflies, bees and wasps). Mosquito bite-induced itch was reduced by 57% within the first minute and by 81% 5–10 min after treatment, and the overall reduction in itch and pain was more pronounced than in the control group. In conclusion, the results indicate that local application of heat relieves symptoms of insect bites.
Reveal the Myths about Role of Vitamin D Level on Some Hematological Parameters
Authors: KA Ismail
Published: June 2023

Background: Vitamin D (Vit-D) may have effect on hematological parameters. Objective: To measure the effect of Vit-D on blood indices, our study was conducted to assess the relationship between Vit-D levels and hematological parameters. Subjects and Methods: The present study was cross section study conducted on 200 patients. Demographic data including age, sex, disease history and blood samples were withdrawn to measure serum vitamin D levels and hematological parameters. Data were reported as Mean ±SD and as frequency (percentage). ANOVA test was used to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin D in terms of sex, age or disease history. Results: Subjects enrolled into the study were 200 patients; 115(57.5%) females and 85(42.5%) males with mean age± SD of 37.6± 15.5 years. The mean serum vitamin D level in patients was 21.96 ± 14.31. There was non-significant relationship between hematological parameters and serum vitamin D level based on Pearson’s test. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is interesting area of research that vitamin D was not the sole factor that have a role on hematological parameters as other factor may play a role as erythropoietin
The Conflict between Emerging SARS-Cov-2 Variants and the Potential Immune Response with Vaccination
Authors: F Alvez
Published: June 2023

The emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is certainly a serious threat to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. After its irruption, some variants disappear or are irrelevant and others persist and are concerning because of its potential health repercussions and the immune response of vaccines that are being administered with great effort. One of the reasons why the SARS-CoV-2 virus is generating variants and will continue to do so is because a relatively few people in the world are immune and protected. The virus replicating is communicating to us that it is going to exhibit a lot of changes. Acquiring the infection involves risks of serious illness and death, so immunization is more logical, convincing and indispensable. It is also a better recourse for slowing viral replication, since infection offers viruses the opportunity to improve their performance. In addition, since multiple treatments, including antibody-based treatments, are often administered in severe infections, the surviving escape variants may be more resistant to these therapies effective against earlier versions of the virus. Two contenders (the surviving virus and the immune system) will be confronted with each other in an attempt to win, with the virus utilizing new weapons and subterfuges in a race that will lead to an evolutionary deadlock. A rising concern is whether available vaccines and those under investigation have a reduced or inadequate level of protection against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the variants of concern with changes in the spike protein. Despite these ongoing threats, at this time the general preventive measures and protection offered by the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are already a fundamental resource in the fight against COVID-19 and its variants, and a very hopeful measure for the immediate future. In the current situation, people should be aware of and learn to live with the virus variants and how to optimize its prevention and control.
The Relationship between Laboratory at the Time of Initiation and Mortality in Covid-19
Authors: E Karatas
Published: June 2023

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. In severe COVID-19 patients, inflammatory, biochemical and coagulation high levels of factors may be prognostic factors indicating a poor outcome. We investigated the relationship between lymphopenia, leukocytosis, anemia, high ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, Procalcitonin, Troponin blood levels and prognosis. In the first initiation to the hospital, the severity of the disease should be estimated according to these parameters and a more intensive treatment and follow-up should be planned.
A Sea Star Asterias Rubens IGKappa Gene when Compared to 3 Other Sea Star Genomes from Patiria Miniata, Acanthaster Planci and Marthasterias Glacialis (Echinodermata)
Authors: M Leclerc
Published: June 2023

The sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in 2014 by the use of primers. It was compared, in the present work, to 3 other sea star genomes: Acanthaster planci, Patiria miniata and Marthasterias glacialis sea star genomes. A high identity, from a bioinformatic point of view, was found, with these last ones, with, a significant e-value. Sea star Igkappa genes may be present in these 4 asterids which belong to the Echinoderm Phylum (Invertebrates)
Effect of Neural Stem Cells Transplantation on the Paradoxical Sleep in the Rat
Authors: Mahabadi V Pirhajati
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Nowadays a lot of research is being done on neural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation to repair brain damage. Neural stem cells are found in the nervous system. These cells can differentiate interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) play an important role in paradoxical sleep (PS). The purpose of this study was the assessment of NSCs transplantation on paradoxical sleep in the unilateral lesion of LC. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats (225-250 gr), were categorized into four groups (Control, Lesion, experimental 1 (intravenous transplantation of NSCs), and experimental 2 (intravenous transplantation of NACs). NSCs were obtained from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of newborn rat brains. NSCs were differentiated into NACs in neurobasal medium, B-27, GDNF (30 ng/ ml) and BDNF (50 ng/ ml) for 5 days. We used 3,000,000 cells for cell transplantation. The animals received unilateral lesion of LC by injection of 6_hydroxydopamine. For paradoxical sleep recording, 2EMG and 3 EEG electrodes were placed in the neck and skull muscles, respectively. Results: In this study Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) was detected in NACs. A significant increase in paradoxical sleep was seen in the lesion group in comparison with the control group. After NSCs and NACs transplantation, a significant decrease in PS was seen in experimental groups in comparison with the lesion group. Conclusion: The results show that NSCs and NACs transplantation improve PS after unilateral lesion of LC.
Nuances of Erlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells Growth and how the External Electrostatic Field Affect Ascites Tumor Growth
Authors: HA Harutyunyan
Published: June 2023

In the present work, the Erlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro growth kinetics, and its correlation with surveillance of EAC-infected mice is reported. EAC cells as well as EAC-inoculated mice have been exposed to the external Electrostatic Field (ESF). The kinetics of EAC cells growth in vitro was characterized with classical periods: lag-phase-0-3 days; exponential phase-3-12 days; stationary phase- 12-16 days; decline phase-16-24 days of cultivation. However, for the first time, during 24 days cultivation, drops of cell concentration had been detected: at 7th, 14th, and 21st days. The observed phenomenon had not been described earlier for in vitro conditions, but resembles the in vivo observation shown in literature. Analysis of correlation between in vitro growth of cells and in vivo surveillance of mice revealed their inverse character at 7-15 days. Hence, the correlation between EAC cells growth in vitro and in vivo was shown. This may be a substantial contribution to the knowledge of tumor development. Above it, EAC infected mice exposed to the ESF shown diminished surveillance at the days of exposure and enhanced surveillance after stopping the ESF action. It has been shown that ESF cause an EAC cell damage as well as host leucocyte cell is. But unlike to leucocytes, EAC cells rapidly accelerate growing after the end of the exposure. So, finally ESF favors tumor growing with simultaneous inhibition of host immune defense.
The Intraoperative Correlation of the Sugarbaker’s Peritoneal Cancer Index for the Surgical Resectability of Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancers
Authors: P Rathod
Published: June 2023

Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Sugarbaker’s peritoneal cancer index (PCI) as an objective indicator for the resectability of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), as depicted in the study using the completeness of cytoreduction score (CCS). Currently, the intraoperative assessment of operability in EOC surgery is primarily a subjective measurement that is dependent on the surgeon. Methods: The prospective data from 51 patients with EOC FIGO stage III to IV who underwent surgery in a regional cancer institute between July 2015 and June 2017. The PCI and the CCS was recorded intraoperatively using sugarbaker’s PCI chart. The details of cytoreductive procedures done were documented in the patient’s file. A spearman’s rank correlation applied to analyse the surgical predictability of CCS using the PCI. Results: All the 51 cases underwent gynecological surgeries. More than 49% (25 of 51) patients required extensive surgeries in the upper abdomen. The mean PCI’s in CCS 0, CCS 1, CCS 2, and CCS 3 were 8.1, 12.8, 18.6, and 18.5 respectively. There was a strong correlation found between PCI and CCS, and the lower PCI is significantly (P-value <0.0001, r =0.69) associated with better optimal CCS. The 45 (88.2%) of 51 recovered uneventfully, four cases (7.8%) developed surgical site infections, and there were two deaths (3.9%). Conclusion: The PCI more precisely defined the heterogeneous group of patients with EOC stage III. The PCI provided objectivity and reproducibility, and it seems to be a reliable indicator for EOC resectability. We purpose a multi-centric study to define cut-off PCI for the optimal resectability of advanced EOC. Key Words: Epithelial Ovarian cancer, Carcinomatosis, Peritoneal cancer index, Resectability, Cytoreductive surgery.