bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A question of time: How demographic faultlines and deep-level diversity impact the development of psychological safety in teams
Authors: Gerlach Rebecca , Gockel Christine
Published: September 2022

Psychological safety (PS) is a shared belief among team members that it is safe to take interpersonal risks. It can enhance team learning, experimentation with new ideas, and team performance. Considerable research has examined the positive effects of PS in diverse organizational contexts and is now shifting its focus toward exploring the nature of PS itself. This study aims to enhance our understanding of PS antecedents and development over time. Based on the model of team faultlines and research on team diversity, we examined the effects of demographic faultlines, team member personality, and member competencies on the development of PS. Over 5 months, 61 self-managed teams (N = 236) assessed their PS at the beginning, midpoint, and end of a research project. Results of a multilevel growth curve model show that PS decreased from project beginning to end. Initial levels of PS were especially low when teams had strong demographic faultlines and when team members differed in neuroticism. PS decreased more strongly over time when team members were diverse in agreeableness and assessed their task-related competencies to be relatively high. Our study identifies time and team composition attributes as meaningful predictors for the development of PS. We present ideas for future research and offer suggestions for how and when to intervene to help teams strengthen PS throughout their collaboration.
From spontaneous rhythmic engagement to joint drumming: A gradual development of flexible coordination at approximately 24 months of age
Authors: Yu Lira , Todoriki Kaho , Myowa Masako
Published: September 2022

Humans have a flexible and accurate ability to coordinate their movement in time with external rhythms. However, it remains unclear when and how, during their development, human children acquire the ability to adjust tempo and control the timing of their movement toward others. A previous study suggested that such self-regulation of coordination develops at around 18 and 30 months after birth. In this study, we investigated the performance of 24-month-old children and compared their data with those of 18- and 30-month-olds provided in our previous study. In the joint-drumming task, each child was enticed to drum under four conditions [partner: mother or robot; speed: 400 or 600 ms inter-stimulus-interval (ISI)]. The most pivotal test condition was the 600 ms ISI speed condition (slower than children’s spontaneous motor tempo in these age groups). We found that from the age of 24 months, children try to slow down their drumming tempo toward the 600 ms ISI speed condition, regardless of the drumming partner. On the other hand, significant timing control toward the onset of the 600 ms ISI condition was observed from the age of 30 months. This implies that both motor and cognitive mechanisms are required for flexible tempo adjustment and accurate synchronization and that these develop gradually among 18-, 24-, and 30-month-olds.
Understanding individual and collective response to climate change: The role of a self-other mismatch
Authors: Harrington Rosie , Nugier Armelle , Khamzina Kamilla , Guimond Serge , Monceau Sophie , Streith Michel
Published: September 2022

Several scientists have shown the importance of mitigating global warming and have highlighted a need for major social change, particularly when it comes to meat consumption and collective engagement. In the present study (N = 486), we conducted a cross-sectional study to test the mismatch model, which aims at explaining what motivates individuals to participate in normative change. This model stipulates that perceiving a self—other difference in pro-environmental attitudes is the starting point and can motivate people to have high pro-environmental intentions. This mismatch effect is explained by participants’ willingness to participate in normative and social change: people that perceive a gap between their personal attitude and the social norm should be more willing to participate in normative change. This should then motivate them to have high pro-environmental intentions on an individual and group level. The results confirm the hypothesized model on an individual and group level and explain how people can be motivated to participate in normative change. Implications of these findings and the need for further studies are discussed.
Benefits of non-work interactions with your supervisor: Exploring the bottom-up effect of employee boundary blurring behavior on abusive supervision
Authors: Jiang Luyuan , He Guohua , Zhou Hansen , Yang Laijie , Li Xiaolan , Li Wenpu , Qin Xin
Published: September 2022

Abusive supervision has long been found to have remarkably negative impacts on individual and organizational outcomes. Accordingly, prior studies have explored many organizational and supervisory predictors of abusive supervision and offered several interventions to reduce it. However, extant research lacks the bottom-up perspective to explore how employees can act to reduce abusive supervision, which is an important factor that enriches abusive supervision literature and helps employees protect themselves from being abused. Drawing on self-disclosure theory, we develop a model of whether and how employee boundary blurring behavior may protect them from being abused by their supervisors. Specifically, we conducted two studies to test the theoretical model, including a scenario-based experimental study and a multi-source, multi-wave field study. The results reveal a negative indirect effect of employee boundary blurring behavior on abusive supervision via supervisor liking toward the employee. By uncovering employee boundary blurring behavior as an antecedent of abusive supervision, we enrich the abusive supervision literature with a bottom-up behavioral strategy for employees to proactively protect themselves from being abused. We hope our findings will encourage future studies to identify boundary conditions and other solutions for employees to minimize the risk of being abused.
Brand design in the era of 5g new media and its impact on consumers’ emotional experience
Authors: Li Xinru
Published: September 2022

Brand design is an important part for enterprises to improve brand awareness and attract consumers. If a company wants to develop for a long time, it must have a good brand image. Good brand design can make a deep impression on consumers, thereby promoting purchase intention. With the advancement of technology and the development of the times, traditional brand design can no longer meet the needs of consumers, and the design of brand experience has gradually become a trend. Incorporating emotional experience into brand design can influence consumers’ brand decisions, and can also make consumers resonate with the brand, which in turn generates purchase behavior. New media is a media state produced within the framework of new technologies and technological development systems. In the context of the 5g new media era, this paper studies and analyzes brand design and its impact on consumers’ emotional experience, aiming to change the traditional brand design method and provide new ideas for brand design. In addition, combined with new media technology and mathematical relational model, the brand design method based on consumer emotion is discussed. The results show that the brand design method proposed in this paper can increase the emotional experience of consumers and improve the brand praise by 7.3%.
Exploring an EAP writing teacher's adaptive expertise and adaptive teaching practices from a CDST perspective
Authors: Xiang Xiaoting , Chang Pengyun , Yu Baohua
Published: September 2022

Teachers' adaptive expertise (TAE) has received increasing attention in the current English as foreign language (EFL) teaching field, however, it has seldom been examined with adaptive practices by teachers in on-going classes among existing literature. Adopting a mixed-method design with data triangulation, this study was conducted to explore the complexity of teachers' adaptive expertise (TAE) and adaptive teaching practices that an EAP writing teacher demonstrated in academic writing courses, from a Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) perspective. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and questionnaires were arranged to collect qualitative and quantitative data from an EAP writing teacher and 43 EFL learners in a Chinese university. Thematic analysis and SPSS were mainly used in the current work for data analysis. Our findings confirmed (1) the complexity of TAE and ATP with specific features of non-linearity, interconnectedness, and self-organization, which are classic CDST characteristics; (2) the TAE evolved with meta-cognitive, cognitive, affective and social components that are intertwined and contributed to the teacher's adaptive teaching practices (ATP) in her academic writing course; (3) being facilitated by TAE, the teacher's adaptive teaching practices significantly enhanced EFL learners, learning motivation of academic writing and their learning efficiency. Findings of the current work pave the way for future studies in researching TAE and ATP with a thorough consideration of language teachers, students and contexts from the CDST perspective. Moreover, pedagogical contributions are highlighted through the detailed examinations of the EAP writing teacher's ATP, including the class design, teaching plans, and methods, which would be fruitful for the development of tertiary EAP writing research.
“Husband, father, coward, killer”: The discursive reproduction of racial inequality in media accounts of mass shooters
Authors: Bridges Tristan , Tober Tara Leigh , Brazzell Melanie , Chatterjee Maya
Published: September 2022

Relying on more expansive criteria for defining “mass shootings” than much existing research, we examine a subset of a unique dataset incorporating 7,048 news documents covering 2,170 shootings in the United States between 2013 and 2019. We analyze the descriptive language used to describe incidents and perpetrators and discover significant racial disparities in representation. This research enables a critical examination of the explanatory frames utilized by news media to tell the public who mass shooters are and journalistic attempts to explain why they occur. Data were analyzed utilizing a mixed methods approach, relying on content analysis to inductively code emergent categories of descriptions of shooters and binary logistic regressions to analyze the preponderance of descriptive categories when comparing news articles reporting on shootings committed by differently racialized shooters. Our results confirm some recent research showing that mass shooters racialized as white are more likely to be described with kind and compassionate language. With our larger sample, however, we also find that mass shooters racialized as white are additionally more likely to be described with negative language as “bad” or “evil” in comparison to shooters of color. We discuss how these data demonstrate that media reports present a more complex picture of white mass shooters for the public than shooters of color.
Social Q&A communities: A multi-factor study of the influence of users’ knowledge sharing behaviors
Authors: Wen Yi , Yuan Xiaofang , Li Wenqin
Published: September 2022

Recently, social Q&A communities have grown increasingly popular, serving as a primary platform for people to learn and share information. Nonetheless, fewer knowledge producers in these communities are significant than knowledge consumers. Thus, promoting users’ participation in knowledge sharing is a challenge for managers of social Q&A communities. Even though many scholars have studied factors influencing willingness to share knowledge, they tend to start with one theory and ignore the impact of several factors on behaviors. Thus, this manuscript presents a multi-factor model based on three dimensions of technology, cognition, and security to explore the effects of the six factors of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms, perceived security, and perceived privacy in terms of the three knowledge sharing methods of browsing including like and favorite, publishing and replying, and to compare users’ willingness to use the three knowledge sharing methods. A total of 482 questionnaires were collected online, and the hypotheses were tested and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). According to the results, the factors affecting different sharing methods are not the same. Perceived behavioral control and perceived security can have a significant influence on their willingness to browse, users’ willingness to publish and reply to posts is significantly influenced by their perception of behavioral control and subjective norms, while perceived usefulness also affects their willingness to respond, it can be seen that cognition is the most important factor affecting users’ knowledge sharing among the three dimensions. In addition, users’ willingness to browse is significantly greater than their willingness to reply, and their willingness to post is the lowest.
Using EMDR to treat intimate partner relationship break-up issues
Authors: Rodríguez-Garay Ainhoa , Mosquera Dolores
Published: September 2022

The Break-Up Aid Procedure (BUAP) is a proposed EMDR intervention designed to address the difficulties that some patients experience when trying to overcome a complex break-up. The procedure aims to not only target the consequences of the break-up, but also the difficulties that may be present in starting a new relationship. The latter is often the case when there are either unresolved consequences from the previous break-up or untreated early adverse experiences. By structuring the treatment in three sequential stages (outlined in this article) and including interventions and adaptations to the standard EMDR protocol, we aim to facilitate the clinician’s therapeutic approach to intervening for this specific presenting concern and maximizing success.
Identification positively affects the creativity of family business: The mediating role of family business support
Authors: He Jianjia , Liu Jusheng , Li Tingting , Song Liangrong
Published: September 2022

With the arbitrariness of family business decision-making and the complexity of interests become increasingly prominent, the transformation and innovation of family business are imminent. Under the above background, via analysis of data from 259 valid questionnaires from more than ten family businesses in China as a sample and with the help of the SPSS and AMOS, this study explored the impacts of identification on creativity of the family business as well as the mediating role of family business support by constructing a mediating model. The results show that the employee’s identification has a positive impact on the creativity of the family business. Besides, identification has a positive impact on family business support and family business support has a partial mediating role between identification and family business creativity. Especially, the emotional support does not have a mediating role, whereas the instrumental support has a complete mediating role between identification and family business creativity.
Long-interval intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex related to working memory in middle-aged adults
Authors: Redondo-Camós María , Cattaneo Gabriele , Alviarez-Schulze Vanessa , Delgado-Gallén Selma , España-Irla Goretti , Solana-Sanchez Javier , Perellón-Alfonso Ruben , Albu Sergiu , Tormos José M. , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Bartres-Faz David
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Excitability of the primary motor cortex measured with TMS has been associated with cognitive dysfunctions in patient populations. However, only a few studies have explored this relationship in healthy adults, and even fewer have considered the role of biological sex.

Methods

Ninety-seven healthy middle-aged adults (53 male) completed a TMS protocol and a neuropsychological assessment. Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) and Long-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (LICI) were assessed in the left motor cortex and related to attention, episodic memory, working memory, reasoning, and global cognition composite scores to evaluate the relationship between cortical excitability and cognitive functioning.

Results

In the whole sample, there was a significant association between LICI and cognition; specifically, higher motor inhibition was related to better working memory performance. When the sample was broken down by biological sex, LICI was only associated with working memory, reasoning, and global cognition in men. No associations were found between RMT and cognitive functions.

Conclusion

Greater intracortical inhibition, measured by LICI, could be a possible marker of working memory in healthy middle-aged adults, and biological sex plays a critical role in this association.
Changes in gray matter volume following electroconvulsive therapy in adolescent depression with suicidal ideation: A longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Li Xiao , Chen Xiaolu , Yu Renqiang , Dai Linqi , Ai Ming , Huang Qian , Zhou Yi , Chen Wanjun , Guo Jiamei , Zheng Anhai , Kuang Li
Published: September 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate changes in whole-brain gray matter volumes (GMVs) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal ideation (SI).

Methods

Thirty adolescents with MDD and SI were observed, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was performed at baseline and after ECT for each patient. But Twenty-five healthy controls (HCs) were scanned only at baseline. The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) techniques were used to examine GMVs.

Results

Compared with HCs, MDDs at baseline showed decreased GMVs in the left middle temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, right precuneus, and left superior frontal gyrus. After ECT, MDDs showed increased GMVs in the right superior frontal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. Pearson’s correlation found that Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) scores at baseline were negatively correlated with GMVs in the left superior frontal gyrus and HAMD and BSSI scores after ECT were negatively correlated with GMVs in the right superior temporal gyrus.

Conclusion

Frontal–temporal–precuneus structure changes may be a potential cause of depressive and suicidal symptoms in adolescents. ECT may improve depressive and suicidal symptoms in adolescents by regulating brain structures to compensate original defects.
Course of psychotic experiences and disorders among apprentice traditional health practitioners in rural South Africa: 3-year follow-up study
Authors: van der Zeijst Martine C. E. , Veling Wim , Makhathini Elliot M. , Mbatha Ndukuzakhe D. , Shabalala Sinethemba S. , van Hoeken Daphne , Susser Ezra , Burns Jonathan K. , Hoek Hans W.
Published: September 2022

Background

Culture is inevitably linked with the experience, interpretation and course of what modern biomedicine understands to be psychotic symptoms. However, data on psychoses in low- and middle-income countries are sparse. Our previous study showed that psychotic and mood-related experiences, symptoms and disorders are common among individuals who had received the ancestral calling to become a traditional health practitioner (THP) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Our related ethnographic study suggested thatukuthwasa(the training to become a THP) may positively moderate these calling-related symptoms. As far as we know, no research has been conducted into the course of psychiatric symptoms among apprentice THPs.

Objective

We studied the course of psychotic experiences, symptoms and disorders among apprentice THPs. We also assessed their level of functioning and expanded our knowledge onukuthwasa.

Materials and methods

We performed a 3-year follow-up of a baseline sample of apprentice THPs (n= 48). Psychiatric assessments (CAPE, SCAN), assessment of functioning (WHODAS) and a semi-structured qualitative questionnaire were completed for 42 individuals.

Results

At 3-year follow-up, psychotic experiences were associated with significantly less distress and there was a reduction in frequency of psychotic symptoms compared to baseline. The number of participants with psychotic disorders had decreased from 7 (17%) to 4 (10%). Six out of seven participants (86%) with a psychotic disorder at baseline no longer had a psychiatric diagnosis at follow-up. Although the mean level of disability among the (apprentice) THPs corresponded with the 78th percentile found in the general population, 37 participants (88%) reported no or mild disability. Forty-one participants (98%) reported thatukuthwasahad positively influenced their psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusion

In rural KwaZulu-Natal, psychotic experiences, symptoms and disorders have a benign course in most individuals who are undergoing the process of becoming a THP.Ukuthwasamay be an effective, culturally sanctioned, healing intervention for some selected individuals, potentially because it reframes distressing experiences into positive and highly valued experiences, reduces stigma, and enhances social empowerment and identity construction. This implies that cultural and spiritual interventions can have a positive influence on the course of psychosis.
How do children with Tourette’s syndrome and their caregivers live with the disorder? A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Suh Hyo-Weon , Yoon Seok-In , Hong Sunggyu , Lee Hyun Woo , Lee Misun , Kim Jong Woo , Chung Sun-Yong
Published: September 2022

Background

Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sudden, repetitive, involuntary, and irregular muscle movement and vocalization. Recently, non-pharmaceutical methods, such as behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and deep brain stimulation, have been introduced as alternatives to pharmacological treatment for TS. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize qualitative evidence on the experiences of children with TS and their caregivers. A meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence could help provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges experienced by children with TS and their caregivers with the aim of providing more effective treatment and services for them.

Materials and methods

A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycARTICLES, and three Korean databases (Korean Medical Database, Research Information Sharing Service, and ScienceON) in July 2021. Studies were included if they collected and analyzed qualitative data from children with tic disorder or TS, or their caregivers. Qualitative research findings on the experiences and perspectives of children with TS and their caregivers were critically appraised and synthesized using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.

Results

Eight eligible studies were included. The findings from these studies (i.e., themes or subthemes of qualitative research) were aggregated into categories (a group of similar findings) and synthesized findings (a group of categorized findings). Ultimately, the 60 findings were aggregated into 15 categories. Finally, four synthesized findings were derived from the 15 categories: (i) continuation of challenging daily life, (ii) denying that TS causes emotional distress, (iii) accepting and understanding TS as part of oneself, and (iv) looking to the future.

Conclusion

Children with TS and their caregivers experience physical and psychological distress and social deprivation. Avoiding and suppressing TS causes secondary distress such as guilt. However, seeking social support and accepting the disorder reduce the distress caused by symptoms and lays the foundation for later growth. Even in the face of adversity, children with TS and their caregivers find personal value and acquire a more open and optimistic attitude toward life. This review shows that acceptance-based therapy and social support should be provided for the treatment and management of TS.
Loss to follow-up in “test and treat era” and its predictors among HIV-positive adults receiving ART in Northwest Ethiopia: Institution-based cohort study
Authors: Bantie Berihun , Seid Awole , Kerebeh Gashaw , Alebel Animut , Dessie Getenet
Published: September 2022

Background

People living with HIV/AIDS are enrolled in lifelong Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) irrespective of their clinical staging as well as CD4 cell count. Although this “Universal Test and Treat” strategy of ART was found to have numerous benefits, loss from follow-up and poor retention remained a long-term challenge for the achievement of ART program targets. Hence, this study is aimed at addressing the much-needed effect of the test and treat strategy on the incidence of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in Ethiopia.

Method and materials

An institution-based follow-up study was conducted on 513 adults (age ≥15) who enrolled in ART at a public health institution in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were extracted from the charts of selected patients and exported to Stata 14.2 software for analysis. Basic socio-demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics were described. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the loss to follow-up free (survival) probability of HIV-positive adults at 6, 12, 24, and 48 months of ART therapy. We fitted a multivariable Cox model to determine the statistically significant predictors of LTFU.

Result

The incidence density of LTFU was 9.7 per 100 person-years of observation (95% CI: 7.9–11.9 per 100 PYO). Overall, LTFU is higher in the rapid ART initiation (24% in rapid initiated vs. 11.3% in lately initiated, AHR 2.08, P = 0.004), in males (23% males vs. 14.7% females, AHR1.96, P = 0.004), in singles (34% single vs. 11% married, with AHR1.83, P = 0.044), in non-disclosed HIV-status (33% non-disclosed 11% disclosed, AHR 2.00 p = 0.001). Patients with poor/fair ART adherence were also identified as another risk group of LTFU (37% in poor vs. 10.5% in good adherence group, AHR 4.35, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The incidence of LTFU in this universal test and treat era was high, and the highest figure was observed in the first 6 months. Immediate initiation of ART in a universal test and treat strategy shall be implemented cautiously to improve patient retention and due attention shall be given to those high-risk patients.
Barriers in reaching new-borns and infants through home visits: A qualitative study using nexus planning framework
Authors: Deshmukh Vaishali , John Shibu , Pakhare Abhijit , Dasgupta Rajib , Joshi Ankur , Chaturvedi Sanjay , Goswami Kiran , Das Manoja Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Rupak , Singh Rakesh , Shrivastava Pradeep , Dhingra Bhavna , Bingler Steven , Hill Bobbie Provosty , Arora Narendra K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Home visitation has emerged as an effective model to provide high-quality care during pregnancy, childbirth, and post-natal period and improve the health outcomes of mother- new born dyad. This 3600 assessment documented the constraints faced by the community health workers (known as the Accredited Social Health Activists, ASHAs) to accomplish home visitation and deliver quality services in a poor-performing district and co-created the strategies to overcome these using a nexus planning approach.

Methods

The study was conducted in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The grounded theory approach was applied for data collection and analysis using in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with stakeholders representing from health system (including the ASHAs) and the community (rural population). A key group of diverse stakeholders were convened to utilize the nexus planning five domain framework (social-cultural, educational, organizational, economic, and physical) to prioritize the challenges and co-create solutions for improving the home visitation program performance and quality. The nexus framework provides a systemic lens for evaluating the success of the ASHAs home visitation program.

Results

The societal (caste and economic discrimination), and personal (domestic responsibilities and cultural constraints of working in the village milieu) issues emerged as the key constraints for completing home visits. The programmatic gaps in imparting technical knowledge and skills, mentoring system, communication abilities, and unsatisfactory remuneration system were the other barriers to the credibility of the services. The nexus planning framework emphasized that each of the above factors/domains is intertwined and affects or depends on each other for home-based maternal and newborn care services delivered with quality through the ASHAs.

Conclusion

The home visitation program services, quality and impact can be enhanced by addressing the social-cultural, organizational, educational, economic, and physical nexus domains with concurrent efforts for skill and confidence enhancement of the ASHAs and their credibility.
Occupational benefit perception of acute and critical care nurses: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Liu Shuyang , Duan Xia , Han Peng , Shao Haiyan , Jiang Jinxia , Zeng Li
Published: September 2022

Background

With the development of society, nurses have an increasingly more important role in the medical team. At the same time, due to various reasons, the number of active nurses is continuously decreasing, and the shortage of nursing personnel is becoming ever more serious. The COVID-19 pandemic made these clinical problems more serious. As the department with the greatest work pressure and the most intense pace, acute and critical care nurses are already facing serious problems related to job burnout and dismission. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these problems should be solved urgently. Furthermore, with the rise of positive psychology, many scholars are turning their research direction to the positive professional experience of nurses so as to get inspiration to encourage nurses to face work with an optimistic attitude and guide nursing managers to better retain nursing talents.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to summarize and evaluate the positive emotional experience and professional benefit of acute and critical care specialist nurses in the process of work. So as to better interpret their occupational benefit perception and guide nursing managers in adopting positive measures and promoting the development of high-quality nursing.

Methods

Cinahl plus, Embase, Medline and other twelve databases were searched for relevant literature. Meta-aggregation was used to synthesize the findings of the included studies.

Results

From a total of 12 articles included in this study, 55 main results were presented, 8 new categories were integrated, and three themes were formed: professional identity, social support, and personal growth. The professional identity included: being proud of professional ability and increasing professional value; social support included: friends and family support, organizational, environmental support, peer support, and support of patients and their families; personal growth included realizing self-worth and promoting self-development.

Conclusion

Hospital managers should pay attention to the positive emotional experience of nurses in work and based on this, provide practical and beneficial protection for nurses from the aspects of salary, learning opportunities, working environment, social support and internal personality, stimulate work enthusiasm, guide nurses to correctly face negative emotions and occupational pressure, and improve the sense of professional benefit.
The impact of public health events on green economy efficiency in the context of environmental regulation
Authors: Zhou Jingnan , Yuan Yiming , Fu Zitian , Zhong Kaiyang
Published: September 2022

Public health crises have become one of the greatest threats to sustainable global economic development. It is therefore important to explore the impact of public health events on green economic efficiency. However, few studies have specifically examined the relationship between public health security and green economic efficiency. Based on the relevant data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2019, this paper explores the impact of public health on green economic efficiency by establishing a four-stage SBM-DEA model to construct green economic efficiency indicators and using a panel model. A moderating effect model is established to explore the moderating effect of environmental regulation on the impact of public health on green economic efficiency. In addition, this paper examines the heterogeneity of public health impact on green economic efficiency in terms of geographic location, carbon pilot, and transportation level. It is found that, first, public health events have a significant hindering effect on green economic efficiency. Second, environmental regulation has a significant moderating effect on the impact of public health events on green economic efficiency. Third, the impact of public health events on green economic efficiency changes from hindering to facilitating as the intensity of environmental regulation increases. Fourth, the impact of public health events on green economic efficiency is heterogeneous in terms of geographic location, carbon pilot, and transportation level. The above studies have implications for how to balance economic development and environmental protection in case of a public safety event.
Restructuring urban planning to facilitate sustainable consumption
Authors: Samson Caroline , Freudendal-Pedersen Malene
Published: September 2022

Food, mobility, and housing are essential and fundamental to human life. At the same time, these consumption areas have the highest climate impact. To achieve a higher degree of climate-friendly consumption, radical changes in everyday practices of food, mobility, and housing are needed. In this paper, empirical data demonstrates that time is perceived as a limited resource in everyday life which drives (un)sustainable practices. Through discussions of the perception of time and related practices, it becomes visible that urban mobility planning connects specific food and housing practices through an understanding of historical and contemporary urban planning supporting time efficiency. This indicates that rethinking urban forms and infrastructure can provide frames that can restructure everyday practices to become more sustainable. To exemplify this, the 15-minute city concept is used as a speculative example of how to restructure everyday practices and facilitate a planning approach that is aligned with sustainable consumption.
The understudied winter: Evidence of how precipitation differences affect stream metabolism in a headwater
Authors: Nichols Justin , Khandelwal Aashish Sanjay , Regier Peter , Summers Betsy , Van Horn David J. , González-Pinzón Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Climate change is causing pronounced shifts during winter in the US, including shortening the snow season, reducing snowpack, and altering the timing and volume of snowmelt-related runoff. These changes in winter precipitation patterns affect in-stream freeze-thaw cycles, including ice and snow cover, and can trigger direct and indirect effects on in-stream physical, chemical, and biological processes in ~60% of river basins in the Northern Hemisphere. We used high-resolution, multi-parameter data collected in a headwater stream and its local environment (climate and soil) to determine interannual variability in physical, chemical, and biological signals in a montane stream during the winter of an El Niño and a La Niña year. We observed ~77% greater snow accumulation during the El Niño year, which caused the formation of an ice dam that shifted the system from a primarily lotic to a lentic environment. Water chemistry and stream metabolism parameters varied widely between years. They featured anoxic conditions lasting over a month, with no observable gross primary production (GPP) occurring under the ice and snow cover in the El Niño year. In contrast, dissolved oxygen and GPP remained relatively high during the winter months of the La Niña year. These redox and metabolic changes driven by changes in winter precipitation have significant implications for water chemistry and biological functioning beyond the winter. Our study suggests that as snow accumulation and hydrologic conditions shift during the winter due to climate change, hot-spots and hot-moments for biogeochemical processing may be reduced, with implications for the downstream movement of nutrients and transported materials.
UK magnetosphere, ionosphere and solar-terrestrial (MIST) awards taskforce: A perspective
Authors: Walach Maria-Theresia , Agiwal Omakshi , Allanson Oliver , Owens Mathew J. , Rae I. Jonathan , Sandhu Jasmine K. , Smith Andy
Published: September 2022

“We don’t live in a meritocracy, and to pretend that simple hard work will elevate all to success is an exercise in willful ignorance.” (Reni Eddo-Lodge wrote in her book “Why I’m no longer talking to white people about race” (Published by Bloomsbury, London, p. 79, ISBN: PB: 978-1-4088-7)). This echoes through the academic scientific community, and can be readily seen in the demographics of physics prize winners. Prizes are extremely influential in both projecting how a community is outwardly perceived and actively shaping the community through facilitating career advancement. But how can biases in the awards process be addressed? We do not pretend to have all the answers, nor is there a single solution, but in this perspective article we explore one pragmatic approach to tackling chronic underrepresentation in the space sciences when it comes to nominations for awards and prizes.
Off-equatorial effects of the nonlinear interaction of VLF chorus waves with radiation belt electrons
Authors: Foster John C. , Erickson Philip J.
Published: September 2022

Nonlinear processes are involved in both the growth of VLF chorus waves and the energization of radiation belt electrons trapped in the wave potential. Nonlinear theory has led to analytic formulae describing both these processes. To investigate these processes, observations from the Van Allen Probes twin spacecraft provide simultaneous in situ information on VLF chorus waves, radiation belt and injected electrons, and local plasma parameters. We combine the theoretical treatment summarized by Omura (2021) with these in situ observations to investigate the characteristics and effects of nonlinear radiation belt processes at the off-equatorial location of the spacecraft observations. We show the smooth phase transition between initial subpackets of chorus wave elements, conducive to extended trapping and enhancement of resonant electrons. The structure of the chorus wave element changes as it propagates away from the equator. Frequency dispersion due to the variation of parallel wave group velocity with frequency contributes to the chorus waveform frequency sweep rate observed at an off-equatorial location. Nonlinear damping at the local value of ½ fce progressively erodes wave amplitude at frequencies above ½ fceEQ. We examine the important dependencies of the nonlinear inhomogeneity factor on the time rate of change of the wave frequency and the field-aligned gradient of the magnetic field and discuss their implication for the energization of trapped non-relativistic and MeV electrons. The 0.5–2% energy gain we find for 3–6 MeV seed electrons indicates that prompt local acceleration of highly relativistic and ultra-relativistic radiation belt electrons can take place directly through their nonlinear interaction with an individual VLF chorus wave element.
Characterization of a genomic Island carrying the tet(X4) gene in porcine Acinetobacter towneri co-harboring plasmid-borne blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 genes
Authors: Li Aijuan , Yu Runhao , Zhao Wenbo , Schwarz Stefan , Li Chenglong , Yao Hong , Du Xiang-Dang
Published: September 2022

Tigecycline and carbapenems are last-resort antimicrobial agents to treat serious infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens. However, the co-occurrence of tigecycline and carbapenem resistance determinants challenges the clinical efficacy of these antimicrobial agents. In this study, we report the co-existence of tet(X4), blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 genes in the porcine Acinetobacter towneri isolate 19110F47. Sequence analysis revealed that tet(X4) gene, along with the florfenicol resistance gene floR, was flanked by three copies of IS91-like elements, which can form three different translocatable units (TUs), and were located in a 41,098-bp multidrug resistance region (MDRR) within a novel 100,354-bp genomic island (GI) region. TUs comprising floR-virD2-ISVsa3, hp-abh-tet(X4)-ISVsa3 and virD2-floR-ISVsa3-hp-abh-tet(X4)-ISVsa3 can be looped out from the chromosomal DNA and facilitate the transfer of the TU-based resistance genes into other plasmidic or chromosomal sites. In addition, the carbapenemase genes blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 were found on different non-conjugative multiresistance plasmids in this isolate, with the genetic contexts ISAba125-blaNDM−1-bleMBL-tnpR and ΔISAba3-blaOXA−58-ISAba3, respectively. The simultaneous occurrence of tet(X4), blaNDM−1 and blaOXA−58 in the same porcine A. towneri isolate emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in food-producing animals.
Piglets' acute responses to local anesthetic injection and surgical castration: Effects of the injection method and interval between injection and castration
Authors: Coutant Mathilde , Malmkvist Jens , Kaiser Marianne , Foldager Leslie , Herskin Mette S.
Published: September 2022

Although applied in some countries, efficacy of local anesthetics based on procaine to mitigate acute responses to piglet castration remains questioned. This paper presents results from a factorial study examining the effects of two methods of injection of a procaine-based drug (intra-funicular, IF, vs. intra-testicular, IT), and four intervals between drug injection and castration (2.5, 5, 10, and 30 min) on acute responses of 3–4 day old piglets. The study involved 597 male piglets, and 13 treatments: surgical castration without anesthesia (CC), local anesthesia followed by castration involving all combinations of injection method and interval, and sham handling separated by the same four intervals (SH). Responses of piglets to drug injection, castration and sham handling were evaluated based on quantification of intra-procedural vocalizations and leg movements, as well as saliva cortisol concentration in samples taken before and after castration. No differences were found between IF and the simpler IT injection method. Intervals of 2.5 or 30 min led to stronger piglet responses than the other intervals. Overall, treatments involving anesthesia led to significantly stronger responses than sham handling, during both injection and castration. All treatments, even sham handling, led to a significant increase in saliva cortisol, with no differences between anesthesia treatments and controls. Based on these results, castration 5–10 min after intra-testicular injection of procaine seems to be preferable as compared to the other treatments tested. However, piglets still showed measurable signs of pain and stress during both injection and castration, while handling alone (including the use of a castration bench) triggered a noticeable stress response. In light of these findings, the overall benefit of the procedure in terms of piglet welfare remains arguable.
Discrepancies between farmers' perceptions and actual animal welfare conditions on commercial pig farms
Authors: Nadlučnik Eva , Golinar Oven Irena , Tomažič Iztok , Plut Jan , Dovč Alenka , Štukelj Marina
Published: September 2022

Animal welfare is a multiparameteral concept that encompasses the physical and mental health of animals and includes various aspects such as physical wellbeing, absence of hunger and thirst, and ability to express motivated behavior, to which farmers usually attach different importance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate animal welfare on Slovenian commercial pig farms, to determine whether farmers' perceived importance of animal welfare differ from actual animal welfare on farms and to determine, if farmer's age, gender, their level of education and participation in vocational training have an influence. For that purpose, we created an Animal Welfare Protocol/Questionnaire for Pig Farms (AWQ/P-P) that assessed several parameters of animal welfare: (1) general status, (2) animal behavior, (3) health status, (4) living conditions, and (5) environmental conditions. Each parameter included at least five observation points and was scored on a 5-point scale. The same observation points were used to measure farmers' perceived importance of animal welfare and for observational assessment. Consequently, we were able to compare both statistically. Farmers from 14 (N = 14) large Slovenian pig farms participated in the study. Results show that farmers rate all parameters of animal welfare very highly. For them, animal health status is the most important, and environmental conditions are the least important factors for animal welfare. Observational inspections yielded significantly lower scores for animal welfare conditions than those obtained from farmer ratings. The highest correlations between farmers' perceptions and observational inspections were found for the parameters of animal behavior and environmental conditions. The results of this study also suggest that vocational training is a significant variable in increasing levels of pig welfare. Age, gender, and education level are not significant variables, however, farms led by older male farmers with lower level of education but involved in vocational training from different sources had slightly better welfare on the farm. This should be further investigated before making conclusions, due to our small sample size. The significance of the study is to identify deficiencies in pig welfare as perceived by farmers and consequently improve pig welfare.
Gene therapy approaches for equine osteoarthritis
Authors: Thampi Parvathy , Samulski R. Jude , Grieger Joshua C. , Phillips Jennifer N. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Goodrich Laurie R.
Published: September 2022

With an intrinsically low ability for self-repair, articular cartilage injuries often progress to cartilage loss and joint degeneration resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis and the associated articular cartilage changes can be debilitating, resulting in lameness and functional disability both in human and equine patients. While articular cartilage damage plays a central role in the pathogenesis of OA, the contribution of other joint tissues to the pathogenesis of OA has increasingly been recognized thus prompting a whole organ approach for therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy methods have generated significant interest in OA therapy in recent years. These utilize viral or non-viral vectors to deliver therapeutic molecules directly into the joint space with the goal of reprogramming the cells' machinery to secrete high levels of the target protein at the site of injection. Several viral vector-based approaches have demonstrated successful gene transfer with persistent therapeutic levels of transgene expression in the equine joint. As an experimental model, horses represent the pathology of human OA more accurately compared to other animal models. The anatomical and biomechanical similarities between equine and human joints also allow for the use of similar imaging and diagnostic methods as used in humans. In addition, horses experience naturally occurring OA and undergo similar therapies as human patients and, therefore, are a clinically relevant patient population. Thus, further studies utilizing this equine model would not only help advance the field of human OA therapy but also benefit the clinical equine patients with naturally occurring joint disease. In this review, we discuss the advancements in gene therapeutic approaches for the treatment of OA with the horse as a relevant patient population as well as an effective and commonly utilized species as a translational model.