bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Patterns of Ankle Sprains in Youth, High School, and College Football
Authors: Clifton Daniel R. , Koldenhoven Rachel M. , Hertel Jay , Onate James A. , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Variations in ankle injury rates and distributions among competition levels are unclear, but such data may help inform strategies to prevent ankle sprains during American football.

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiological patterns of ankle sprains in youth, high school (HS), and collegiate American football.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

Data regarding youth, HS, and college football athletes were collected from 3 injury surveillance programs: (1) the Youth Football Safety Study (YFSS), (2) the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION), and (3) the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP). During the 2012-2014 seasons, the YFSS, NATION, and NCAA ISP included 310, 184, and 71 football team-seasons, respectively. Athletic trainers (ATs) attended each practice and game and reported injuries and athlete-exposures (AEs) via their preferred injury documentation application. Ankle sprain rates for each type of ankle sprain were calculated overall, by event type (ie, practices and games), and specifically for severe injuries (ie, participation restriction time >21 days) and recurrent injuries (as defined by ATs). Rate ratios (RRs) were used to compare ankle sprain rates by competition level and event type. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to compare differences in severity, surgical needs, recurrence, injury mechanism, and injury activity by competition level. RRs and IPRs with 95% confidence intervals excluding 1.00 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 124, 897, and 643 ankle sprains were reported in youth, HS, and college football, respectively. This led to respective rates of 0.59, 0.73, and 1.19 sprains per 1000 AEs. The ankle sprain rate in college football was higher than the rates in HS (RR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.48-1.82) and youth (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.65-2.43) football. The proportion of ankle sprains that were recurrent in youth football was higher than the proportions in HS (IPR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.68-4.50) and college (IPR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.33-3.61) football.

Conclusion:

Ankle sprain rates were highest in college athletes. However, level-specific variations in ankle sprain severity and recurrence may highlight the need to develop level-specific policies and prevention strategies to reduce injury incidence.
Antipsychotic Use in Dementia
Authors: Kirkham Julia , Sherman Chelsea , Velkers Clive , Maxwell Colleen , Gill Sudeep , Rochon Paula , Seitz Dallas
Published: October 2016

Antipsychotics are necessary for many older adults to treat major mental illnesses or reduce distressing psychiatric symptoms. Current controversy exists over the role of antipsychotics in the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in persons with dementia. Although some NPS may be appropriately and safely treated with antipsychotics, a fine balance must be achieved between the benefits of these medications, which are often modest, and adverse events, which may have significant consequences. Approximately one-third of all persons with dementia are currently prescribed antipsychotic medications, and there is significant variation in the use of antipsychotics across care settings and providers. Reducing the inappropriate or unnecessary use of antipsychotics among persons with dementia has been the focus of increasing attention owing to better awareness of the potential problems associated with these medications. Several approaches can be used to curb the use of antipsychotics among persons with dementia, including policy or regulatory changes, public reporting, and educational outreach. Recently, there has been encouraging evidence of a downward trend in the use of antipsychotics in many long-term care settings, although prescribing rates are still higher than what is likely optimal. Although reducing the inappropriate use of antipsychotics is a complex task, psychiatrists can play an important role via the provision of clinical care and research evidence, contributing to improved care of persons with dementia in Canada and elsewhere.
American Serial Rape, 1940–2010
Authors: Wright Lauren E. , Vander Ven Thomas , Fesmire Clara
Published: October 2016

Little is known about the social correlates of serial rape or about trends in offending across time and space in the United States. Furthermore, the limited serial rape scholarship that exists was largely generalized from small, captive samples. The current study aims to amplify our understanding of serial rape by pursuing three fundamental objectives. First, guided by theory and research we propose a new, more precise, and comprehensive conceptualization of serial rape. Next, we draw from media representations of serial rape published in five major American newspapers from 1940 to 2010 to develop an offender social profile and to identify patterns in attack style. Our analysis of a broad and diverse sample of serial offenders described in media accounts ( N = 1,037) produced the following profile estimates—age: 27 years; race/ethnicity: African American, 46%; Caucasian, 29%; Latino, 19%; Asian, 5%. Most offenders were employed in unskilled or semiskilled occupations and the most common attack strategy was the surprise approach (47%). Finally, our data allow us to estimate and interpret historical trends as depicted in media accounts. Our analysis revealed low levels of serial rape in newspaper accounts during the 1940s to 1950s, followed by a steady increase (with periodic decreases) leading to a peak in 1991. This peak is followed by a steady and dramatic decline from 1992 to 2010.
Take, Give, and Peel
Authors: Brock Wade D. , English Jim
Published: October 2016

Surgeons performing lower eyelid blepharoplasties continue to seek an efficient method and predictable outcome to restore the aesthetic ideal of the lower eyelid and cheek junction. Current popular methods frequently fall short. Three patients were chosen as examples from the senior author’s past 30 years of practice where they desired improvement in the aesthetic appearance of their lower eyelids. They were treated with a combination of transconjunctival blepharoplasty, fat grafting, and 88% phenol peel. The preoperative and postoperative photos of the patients were analyzed by the patient and senior author. Having undergone the methods described for treatment, all selected patients reported significant improvement with their postoperative appearance. Minimal complications were reported and are mentioned below. No surgical revisions were requested, and the results were stable over an acceptable period of time with an average follow-up time of 2 years. Two of the 3 patients chosen had a follow-up time of at least 8 years. Transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty when combined with fat grafting and phenol peeling offers a treatment modality to restore the aesthetic ideal of the lower eyelid and cheek junction and, in our hands, is superior to other methods previously described.
Reconsidering Gendered Sexualities in a Generalized AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Sennott Christie , Angotti Nicole
Published: October 2016

Using the threat of a severe AIDS epidemic in a collection of rural villages in South Africa, we illustrate how men and women reconsider gendered sexualities through conversations and interactions in everyday life. We draw from data collected by local ethnographers and focus on the processes through which men and women collectively respond to the threat posed by AIDS to relationships, families, and communities. Whereas previous research has shown that individuals often reaffirm hegemonic norms about gender and sexuality in response to disruptions to heteronormative gender relations, we find that the threat of AIDS provokes reconsideration of gendered sexualities at the community level. That is, our data demonstrate how men and women—through the interactions and exchanges that make up their daily lives—debate, challenge, make sense of, and attempt to come to terms with social norms circumscribing gendered sexual practices in a context where the threat of a fatal disease transmitted through sex looms large. We argue that ethnographic data are particularly useful for capturing communal responses to events that threaten heteronormative gender relations and reflect on how our findings inform theories of gender relations and processes.
Mechanical characterization and postbuckling behavior of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminate
Authors: Srivastava Ashish , Kumar Dinesh
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement in conventional carbon fiber reinforced composite on the buckling and postbuckling behavior of the laminated nanocomposite plate made of carbon nanotube and carbon fiber reinforcements in a matrix material. The method of representative volume element is utilized to perform the multiscale modeling of the problem. Initially, Boolean-based random sequential adsorption algorithm is utilized to model a nanoscale representative volume element of nanocomposite material to mimic the effect of randomly distributed (i.e. having random orientation and position) carbon nanotubes in a matrix material. After estimating the elastic properties of the nanocomposite material using representative volume element, another microscale representative volume element of carbon fiber reinforced in the nanocomposite (i.e. carbon nanotube reinforced matrix material) is modeled to evaluate the stiffness properties of the lamina formed of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite. The laminae are further stacked in the sequence of (45°/−45°/−45°/45°) to model a laminate. Thereafter, the evaluated stiffness properties of the lamina are employed to predict the effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on buckling and postbuckling behavior of the laminated plates through nonlinear finite element method formulation based on the first-order shear deformation theory and von Karman’s assumptions. It is established that carbon nanotube reinforcement in carbon fiber reinforced composite lamina results in the enhancement of stiffness properties of the resulting carbon nanotube–fiber nanocomposite lamina, with more prevalent effect on the matrix-dominated properties—transverse and shear moduli—than the axial modulus. The increased stiffness properties result in the substantial improvement in the buckling load and postbuckling strength of the laminated plate made of carbon nanotube–carbon fiber nanocomposite material, for all volume fractions of carbon nanotube, loading and boundary conditions, geometric parameters (i.e. aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio), and matrix materials.
Energy transfer in a beam-framed structure using a modal method and a wave method at mid frequencies
Authors: Yoo JW , Thompson DJ , Ferguson NS
Published: October 2016

A fully framed system consisting of four beams and a rectangular plate has been investigated in terms of the energy transfer between the beams and the plate when a force is applied to one of the beams. This configuration, which is a mixture of stiff and flexible elements, is a particularly important example in the industrial area, as it is widely used. A modal model based on interface basis functions is used. A wave model, which is an approximate method, has also been developed in which the plate, acting as a wave impedance, is separately attached to each beam. Experimental studies have been carried out for validation. The investigation with respect to power flow and energy shows the validity of both models in the mid-frequency region. The results show that most energy is dissipated by the flexible plate. The physical phenomena and limitations of the wave method for this particular structural configuration are discussed. Even though it is an approximate method, the wave approach can describe the dynamic characteristics of the excited beam and the plate in terms of the ratios of power and energy of each component. The comparison of the two methods shows that the plate rather than the beams plays a crucial role in transferring the energy from the excited beam to the parallel opposite beam in the beam-framed structure when these two beams have identical properties, whereas the energy transfer is reduced when the beams have dissimilar properties.
Two-way H∞ control method with a fault-tolerant module for steer-by-wire system
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhao Wanzhong
Published: October 2016

To improve the maneuverability, stability, and reliability of the steer-by-wire system, a two-way H∞ control method with a fault-tolerant module is proposed in this paper. First, a two-way H∞ control scheme is proposed. Two controllers are designed in this scheme: one is used as a feedback controller as a general practice to stabilize the system and detect the tracking error; the other is used as a feed forward controller to make the output of the system follow the driver’s steering intention rapidly and precisely. Second, a fault-tolerant module aiming at front wheel angle sensor which is an important feedback signal to the system is added to improve the reliability of the system. A revised Kalman filter is applied in the fault-tolerant module to reconfigure the front wheel angle as a reference value and a substitute when the sensor fails, thus replacing hardware redundancy by software redundancy in a cost-effective way. Lastly, simulations by Matlab/Simulink and CarSim software and hardware-in-the-loop experiments are conducted and effectiveness of the proposed control method is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results and numerical analyses.
An Embodied Account of Early Executive-Function Development
Authors: Gottwald Janna M. , Achermann Sheila , Marciszko Carin , Lindskog Marcus , Gredebäck Gustaf
Published: October 2016

The importance of executive functioning for later life outcomes, along with its potential to be positively affected by intervention programs, motivates the need to find early markers of executive functioning. In this study, 18-month-olds performed three executive-function tasks—involving simple inhibition, working memory, and more complex inhibition—and a motion-capture task assessing prospective motor control during reaching. We demonstrated that prospective motor control, as measured by the peak velocity of the first movement unit, is related to infants’ performance on simple-inhibition and working memory tasks. The current study provides evidence that motor control and executive functioning are intertwined early in life, which suggests an embodied perspective on executive-functioning development. We argue that executive functions and prospective motor control develop from a common source and a single motive: to control action. This is the first demonstration that low-level movement planning is related to higher-order executive control early in life.
Compositional data analysis in epidemiology
Authors: Mert Mehmet C , Filzmoser Peter , Endel Gottfried , Wilbacher Ingrid
Published: October 2016

Compositional data analysis refers to analyzing relative information, based on ratios between the variables in a data set. Data from epidemiology are usually treated as absolute information in an analysis. We outline the differences in both approaches for univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, using illustrative data sets from Austrian districts. Not only the results of the analyses can differ, but in particular the interpretation differs. It is demonstrated that the compositional data analysis approach leads to new and interesting insights.
Dynamics of Foodgrain Deficiency in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Paramita , Mitra Siddhartha , Siddiqui Md. Zakaria
Published: October 2016

Food security is a basic requirement of livelihood. A major source of calories is carbohydrates which are mainly derived from foodgrains. This article addresses the foodgrain deficiency in India, across its states, regions and at the household level. The study further analyses the causal effect of subsidies from India’s public distribution system, the share of home-produced foodgrain in total consumption of foodgrains, food diversification, monthly per capita consumption expenditure and socio-religious factors on foodgrain deficiency. The analysis is based on the National Sample Survey’s unit-level data at three points of time: 1999–2000, 2004–05 and 2009–10. Foodgrain deficiency has been captured at the national level and across states by suitably adapting Foster, Greer and Thorbecke’s (1984) measure of poverty. Panel regression has been done at the state-region level to analyse the impact of the above-mentioned determinants on foodgrain deficiency. For the household-level regression, the dependent variable is deviation from the desired norm of 8.6 kg of foodgrain per consumer unit per month. Quantile regression analysis is done at the household level to capture the impact of the determinants at different segments of foodgrain deviations. We find that foodgrain deficiency levels have increased for ‘all-classes’ and the ‘below-poverty-level class’ but the deficiency levels are not very high and can be managed with suitable measures. It is further found that the determinants have a significant influence on foodgrain deficiency and foodgrain deviation at the state-region and household levels, respectively. Suitable policy measures have also been identified.

JEL Classification: I31, I32, C21, C23, O10, Q18
Ricardian Approach to Fiscal Sustainability in India
Authors: Pradhan Krishanu
Published: October 2016

There are several approaches to assessing the sustainability of a country’s public finances. Ricardian equivalence is one such approach, in which fiscal sustainability is defined in terms of the neutrality of generational welfare through government fiscal policy. The present work is an attempt to discuss and analyse fiscal sustainability in India in the context of Ricardian equivalence. Different forms of empirically testable equations for testing Ricardian equivalence are derived based on studies by Buiter and Tobin (1978), Kormendi (1983) and Kormendi and Meguire (1990). A key aspect of fiscal sustainability is to ensure generational equity as reflected in India’s Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003. Based on availability of data, empirical evidence is against the presence of Ricardian equivalence, indicating that the fiscal policy India pursued during the study period (1974–2011) has been detrimental to generational welfare neutrality.

JEL Classification: H30, H20, H50, H62, H63
Locating Northeast in India’s Neighbourhood Policy: Transnational Solutions to the Problems of a Periphery
Authors: Patgiri Rubul , Hazarika Obja Borah
Published: October 2016

India’s neighbourhood policy seems to be devoid of any strategy to integrate national interests with the concerns of border regions like Northeast India. India’s security-centric approach prevented a cooperative relationship from emerging with its neighbours, while a deeper and intense engagement with them would have benefitted India and helped solve many of the problems that Northeast India is facing today. However, the recent move by India under the Act East Policy to cultivate a much closer relationship with its eastern neighbours is full of possibilities to make India’s neighbourhood policy more accommodative and sensitive towards the needs of Northeast India. In the light of this, the proposed article intends to examine the nature of India’s neighbourhood policy, to assess its implications for the Northeast and finally, to examine whether the recent transnational engagements can initiate development of the Northeast by relieving it from its peripheral and landlocked status.
Book Review: Preet Malik, My Myanmar Years: A Diplomat’s Account of India’s Relations with the Region
Authors: Mishra Rahul
Published: October 2016

Preet Malik, My Myanmar Years: A Diplomat’s Account of India’s Relations with the Region. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2016, pp. xviii + 238, INR 495. ISBN 978–93-515–0627–0 (PB).
Coordinated wage setting and social partnership under EMU. A framework for analysis and results from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Dumka Ivan F
Published: October 2016

Recent scholarship has found wage-setting practices to be a key ingredient in the eurozone crisis, but has yet to examine the specifics of individual wage-bargaining systems and how they behave under EMU. This article addresses this oversight, dissecting wage-bargaining systems by the mechanisms that deliver horizontal and vertical coordination, as well as the indicators to which they are calibrated. It then presents the results of a comparative study of the wage-bargaining systems in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Comparisons of the Dutch and Belgian systems find that calibration is an important component of wage-bargaining systems, while greater subtlety is needed with regard to the role of the state. While Belgium has clearly struggled because of its practice of indexing wages, the German and Dutch cases instead suggest that developments unconnected to monetary union may be limiting their ability to manage its pressures. The article concludes that in order to continue to function, these three systems require revisions.
Mental health care for Indigenous young people: moving culture from the margins to the centre
Authors: Vance Alasdair , McGaw Janet , Winther Jo , Rayner Moira , White Selena , Smith Alison
Published: October 2016

Objective:

Recently, Indigenous academics have evolved an Indigenist discourse that centralises Indigenous ‘ways of knowing, being and doing’. Through this dialogue, Indigenous ‘ways of knowing and being’ augment Western biopsychosocial treatments.

Methods:

This paper outlines the authors’ clinical encounters with young people from the Koori community and ongoing consultation with Koori community Elders in Victoria that led to engaging young people and their families in an Indigenist dialogue.

Results:

The Indigenist dialogue facilitates deeper engagement in the therapeutic process, opportunities to mirror and reflect on young people’s experiences, and drawing parallels between Western health interventions and Aboriginal cultural ways of doing health and being healthy.

Conclusions:

The young people and their families evince greater faith in the management process and a deeper focus, centred awareness and knowledge of their Cultural rights and responsibilities. Future developments should include a systematic database with qualitative and quantitative data to support its evaluation and iterative development and improved community engagement to ensure holistic health gains are maintained.
Processing Information After a Child’s Cancer Diagnosis—How Parents Learn: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Rodgers Cheryl C. , Stegenga Kristin , Withycombe Janice S. , Sachse Karen , Kelly Katherine Patterson
Published: October 2016

Parents of a child newly diagnosed with cancer must receive an extensive amount of information before their child’s initial hospital discharge; however, little is known about best practices for providing this education. An interpretive descriptive study design was used to describe actual and preferred educational content, timing, and methods among parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer prior to their child’s first hospital discharge. Twenty parents of children diagnosed with various malignancies participated in individual interviews 2 to 12 months after their child’s diagnosis. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Education delivery occurred in a telling manner at diagnosis transitioning to a reciprocal process of teaching during the inpatient stay, then primarily back to telling immediately before discharge. Parents expressed a variety of preferred learning styles but noted that their preferences were rarely assessed by health care providers. Multiple factors influenced parents’ ability to process educational information received during their child’s initial hospitalization. Findings suggest that nursing practices should include assessing for influencing factors, providing anticipatory guidance, and incorporating parents’ preferred learning style into the educational plan.
Taking Stock of Innocence
Authors: Acker James R.
Published: October 2016

This article offers a brief overview of the current state of the Innocence Movement. It begins by reviewing what we know, and do not know, about the incidence of wrongful convictions and their correlates and causes. It then explores select issues that should receive greater attention to help sustain the Innocence Movement and ensure its advancement. Acknowledging that much has been learned about wrongful convictions and that important reforms have been enacted, the article concludes by observing that significant challenges remain and must be addressed before efforts to guard against convicting the innocent are relaxed.
Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: The Value of Intraepithelial Hemosiderin
Authors: AbdullGaffar Badr , Koilelat Mohamed
Published: October 2016

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a relatively rare but well-described clinicopathologic entity. Its rarity and unpredictable clinical behavior are challenging to managing clinicians. Its variable and overlapping histomorphologic features are also diagnostically challenging for pathologists. Other odontogenic cysts and oral cystic neoplasms can simulate GOC. There are specific histologic criteria that help distinguish GOC from other mimickers. To our knowledge, the phenomenon of hemosiderin pigments deposition within the lining glandular epithelium of GOC has not been covered in detail or specifically reported so far in the literature. We report a case of nontraumatized anterior mandibular GOC in a middle-aged male, which histologically showed hemosiderin pigments within the lining epithelium without stromal siderophages. This finding might reflect a nonspecific spontaneous intraluminal hemorrhage. However, intraepithelial hemosiderin in GOC may be an additional helpful diagnostic clue of GOC in challenging cases since this phenomenon has not been reported in other mimicker cystic lesions.
Composite Blastoid Variant of Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Murray Ciara , Quinn Fiona , Illyes Gyorgy , Walker Jan , Castriciano Giussepa , O’Sullivan Paul , Grant Cliona , Vandenberghe Elisabeth , Bird Brian , Flavin Richard
Published: October 2016

Composite lymphoma (CL) describes the rare occurrence of 2 or more distinct types of lymphoma in a single anatomical location. We present the case of a 78-year-old man presenting with a 3-month history of weakness, malaise, and increasing dyspnea. A lymph node excised from the posterior triangle of the neck revealed the coexistence of 2 morphologically and phenotypically distinct lymphoid neoplasms consistent with a blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) occurring in composite with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), mixed cellularity subtype. A t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization in the MCL and Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells of the cHL. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected clonal Immunoglobulin heavy chain (VFR1-J, VFR2-J, and VFR3-J), clonal immunoglobulin light chain kappa (V-J and V/JC intron-kde) and clonal immunoglobulin light chain lambda (V-J) gene rearrangements in the MCL. This report represents the first case of a blastoid variant of MCL occurring in composite with cHL.
Interpersonal Self-Efficacy, Goals, and Problems of Persistently Depressed Outpatients: Prototypical Circumplex Profiles and Distinctive Subgroups
Authors: Locke Kenneth D. , Sayegh Liliane , Weber Charlotte , Turecki Gustavo
Published: October 2016

Severely and persistently depressed outpatients ( n = 138) completed interpersonal circumplex measures of self-efficacy, problems, and values/goals. Compared with normative samples, patients showed deficits in agency: They reported less self-efficacy, especially for being assertive, tough, and influential; stronger goals, especially to avoid conflict or humiliation; and more problems, especially with being too timid, inhibited, and accommodating. Circular and structural summary indices suggested greater variability among patients in goal profiles than in efficacy or problem profiles; nonetheless, latent profile analyses identified coherent subgroups of patients with distinct patterns of efficacy (e.g., lacking confidence for speaking up vs. setting boundaries) and problems (e.g., being overly inhibited vs. self-sacrificing) as well as goals (e.g., to be included vs. unobtrusive). Women and those with more severe symptoms were overrepresented in the least agentic groups. The results show how observing patients through multiple circumplex surfaces simultaneously can help clarify their interpersonal dispositions and inform interventions.
A Brief Stress Diagnostic Tool: The Short Stress Overload Scale
Authors: Amirkhan James H.
Published: October 2016

The Stress Overload Scale (SOS) has demonstrated validity in predicting pathological stress reactions; however, at 30 items, it is lengthy for some clinical applications. Here, two studies tested a 10-item SOS–Short (SOS-S). First, the SOS-S was compared with the SOS in a longitudinal community study ( n = 391), using indices of pathology as criterion measures. Results showed the SOS-S to be equivalent to the SOS in reliability and concurrent and predictive validity, although not quite as sensitive to somatic symptoms. Second, the SOS-S was compared to the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in a cross-sectional community study ( n = 249), in which symptoms and response biases were also assessed. Results showed both measures to be susceptible to biasing, and the SOS-S to demonstrate superior validity when biases were controlled. The SOS-S appears a viable alternative to the SOS and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale for assessing stress, and risk for sequelae, across a broad demographic spectrum.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor for LVAD Thrombosis: A Closer Look
Authors: Rimsans Jessica , Sylvester Katelyn W. , Connors Jean M.
Published: October 2016

Available options for the treatment of advanced heart failure have expanded to include the use of mechanical circulatory assist devices to improve quality of life in those both eligible and ineligible for heart transplant. Although there have been significant advancements in device technologies, anticoagulation protocols, and multidisciplinary team management, bleeding and thrombosis are the most common adverse effects. Management strategies for pump thrombosis and their outcomes vary considerably among mechanical circulatory support centers and include intensification of antithrombotic therapy (medical) and device exchange (surgical). We describe a successful case of medical therapy for pump thrombosis with bivalirudin monotherapy.
Home Visiting Nurse Service Duration and Factors Related to Institution Admission
Authors: Naruse Takashi , Fujisaki-Sakai Mahiro , Nagata Satoko
Published: October 2016

To empirically measure the quality of home visiting nursing (HVN) agencies in Japan, we longitudinally observed the duration of clients’ HVN use and identified the factors correlated with hospitalization/institutionalization. Medical and long-term care insurance data were analyzed from 1,722 persons with disabilities aged at least 75 years who began using an HVN. At the 12-month follow-up, 67.7% of clients were no longer using the HVN; among these, 48.9% were hospitalized/institutionalized and 23.6% had died. Cox regression analysis showed that risk of hospitalization/institutionalization in HVN agencies depends on client characteristics at service commencement. Measuring the quality of HVN agencies by weighting clients’ characteristics as risk factors for hospitalization and/or institutionalization may be appropriate.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With and Without Medication for Adults With ADHD: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cherkasova Mariya V. , French Lisa R. , Syer Cassidy A. , Cousins Lorne , Galina Harry , Ahmadi-Kashani Yasaman , Hechtman Lily
Published: October 2016

Objective: Recent trials have demonstrated efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in medicated adults with ADHD. Efficacy of CBT in unmedicated versus medicated adults remains mostly unknown. We evaluated the effects of group CBT alone versus combined with medication on ADHD symptoms and functional outcomes in adult patients. Method: Eighty-eight adults with ADHD received 12 manualized group CBT sessions, accompanied by individual coaching, either without ( n = 46) or with ( n = 42) medication. Treatment effects were evaluated following treatment and 3-month and 6-month follow-up using un-blinded self-report and observer ratings. Results: CBT + medication resulted in greater improvements than CBT alone in ADHD symptoms, organizational skills, and self-esteem. Group differences diminished over follow-up, as the CBT alone group continued improving, while the combined group maintained the gains. Conclusion: CBT + medication outperformed CBT alone for ADHD symptoms, organizational skills, and self-esteem, although its superiority tended to decrease over follow-up.
Living as a couple with anorexia nervosa: A dyadic interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Antoine Pascal , Flinois Bérengère , Doba Karyn , Nandrino Jean-Louis , Dodin Vincent , Hendrickx Marion
Published: October 2016

This study examined the difficulties couples face in relation to anorexia nervosa. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, five couples in which one of the partners lives with anorexia nervosa were interviewed separately. The findings are conceptualized into three areas: first, the encounter ‘at the crossroads between remission and relapse’; second, the way that ‘anorexia reveals itself’; and finally, the way the ‘ménage à trois’ works, including the illness fully as part of the couple. Psychotherapists should take into account the context of the couple and the complex interaction between the couple and the illness to support both partners’ development of appropriate responses.
Experimental and analytical investigations on a large floor truss pinned connection
Authors: Ding Dayi , Wang Meng , Wang Yuanqing , Pan Bin , Shi Yongjiu
Published: October 2016

The pinned connection method was used to connect the large-span floor truss to the steel column in Zoucheng International Conference Center project, which played a quite important role to achieve the in-plane rotation and transfer heavy loads directly. Four specimens were tested experimentally to investigate the monotonic and cyclic behavior of this connection method, including two independent pinned connections and two assembled truss connections. The load–displacement curves, deformation development, failure mode, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity were discussed in detail. Besides, the nonlinear multi-scale finite element models of the pinned and truss connections were established. The numerical simulations not only captured the global behavior and local limit states observed in tests but also revealed valuable new information that could not be directly obtained from the tests. The experimental and numerical results showed that both the pinned and truss connections had good ductility, load transfer ability, and ideal rotation capacity with large safety margin, indicating these constructions could be used as references for similar projects.
Ventilation improvement for reducing individual exposure to cooking-generated particles in Chinese residential kitchen
Authors: Cao Changsheng , Gao Jun , Wu Li , Ding Xihui , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates the situation of residential kitchen ventilation and individual exposure in China and attempts to reduce the exposure through organizing local make-up airflow. Measurements were conducted in a kitchen chamber to reproduce the real exposure to the cooking-generated particles under the mode of natural make-up airflow surveyed. Measurements results show that an individual cooking in a kitchen could be exposed to a concentration of airborne particles at ∼10 mg/m3 within a simplified cooking process of oil heating, in the case of an experimental kitchen chamber with an open window or closed window/door. Local make-up airflow through upward make-up air supply or downward make-up air supply was further investigated to determine the effectiveness for reduction of the exposure level. When the air-supply velocity at the outlet of the upward make-up air supply or downward make-up air supply mode was well defined, the individual exposure level could be reduced by 2–3 orders of magnitude, as compared to the baseline case when all the make-up air was from open window. Intake fraction of cooking-generated particles could be as low as ∼10−5 and ∼10−6 under the two modes. This finding has illustrated that well-organized local make-up airflow could largely reduce an individual’s exposure to the cooking-generated particles in Chinese residential kitchen.
Mobile versus headworn augmented reality: How visions of the future shape, contest, and stabilize an emerging technology
Authors: Liao Tony
Published: October 2016

This study examines the development of augmented reality (AR) technologies, utilizing theories like social construction of technology (SCOT) and from the sociology of futures literature. While some have criticized SCOT for over-privileging certain social groups, drawing rigid boundaries between groups, and overlooking the role of power between them, this study addresses those critiques by conducting an ongoing mapping of the discussion surrounding AR. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation analyzing the discourse and development taking place at industry, standards, and academic conferences, this study explores a contestation emerging between two coalitions (mobile vs headworn) and how they are using future visions to negotiate the material design of the technology, the policies surrounding the technology, and stakeholder perceptions of the technology. The tactics these coalitions engage in reveal new components of stabilization, specifically deploying a “pre-stabilized ideal” to frame technological development. This case represents an instance where applying SCOT to an emerging technology helps us understand the technology itself while also building on and extending the SCOT model.
A novel predictive semi-physical feed-forward turbocharging system transient control strategy based on mean-value turbocharger model
Authors: Tang Huayin , Copeland Colin , Akehurst Sam , Brace Chris , Davies Peter , Pohorelsky Ludek , Smith Les , Capon Geoff
Published: October 2016

Variable geometry turbine is a technology that has been proven on diesel engines. However, despite the potential to further improve gasoline engines’ fuel economy and transient response using variable geometry turbine, controlling the variable geometry turbine during transients is challenging due to its highly non-linear behaviours especially on gasoline applications. After comparing three potential turbocharger transient control strategies, the one that predicts the turbine performances for a range of possible variable geometry turbine settings in advance was developed and validated using a high-fidelity engine model. The proposed control strategy is able to capture the complex transient behaviours and achieve the optimum variable geometry turbine trajectories. This improved the turbocharger response time by more than 14% compared with a conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller, which cannot achieve target turbocharge speed in all cases. Furthermore, the calibration effort required can be significantly reduced, offering significant benefits for powertrain developers. It is expected that the structure of this transient control strategy can also be applied to complex air-path systems.
Performing everyday cosmopolitanism? Uneven encounters with diversity among first generation new Chinese migrants in New Zealand
Authors: Wang Bingyu
Published: October 2016

Cross-cultural living experiences may lead to the development of cosmopolitanism among people who are on the move. This article critically explores this proposition in relation to first generation Chinese migrants in New Zealand, focusing on, not only their opportunities but, more importantly, the barriers they encounter in terms of performing cosmopolitanism through an analysis of their everyday intercultural interactions. The key premise is that being able to engage in cosmopolitanism is not a given result of increasing levels of cross-border mobilities or intercultural interactions but occurs through, and relates to, social structures and power relations that individuals negotiate in different social settings. By drawing insights from ‘everyday cosmopolitanism’ and ‘contact zones’, this paper explores three factors that articulate the possibilities of becoming cosmopolitan: (a) everyday cosmopolitanism in contact zones; (b) the emotional dimension of encountering others; and (c) migration and family life challenges. In doing so the paper examines how the process of becoming cosmopolitan is entangled with migrants’ social-demographic characteristics, along with their individual self-perceptions, biographies, and personal relations with others. It highlights that cosmopolitanism is socially situated, subject to multiple pressures, and enacted within the uneven power relations of society. Moreover, it demonstrates that diversity encounters are inherently emotional and cannot be understood outside of the emotional dynamics from which they emerge.
The Cognitive Daisy – A novel method for recognising the cognitive status of older adults in residential care: Innovative Practice
Authors: Hudson John M , Pollux Petra MJ
Published: October 2016

The Cognitive Daisy is an innovative assessment system created to provide healthcare staff with an instant snapshot of the cognitive status of older adults in residential care. The Cognitive Daisy comprises a flower head consisting of 15 colour coded petals depicting information about: visual-spatial perception, comprehension, communication, memory and attention. This study confirmed the practicality of the Cognitive Daisy protocol for assessing cognition in a sample of 33 older adults living in residential care and endorsed the use of the Cognitive Daisy as a tool for recognising the cognitive status of care home residents.
Progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia in German specialist practices
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Jacob Louis , Kostev Karel
Published: October 2016

The goal of this study was to estimate the rate of the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia and identify the potential risk factors in German specialist practices from 2005 to 2015. This study included 4633 patients aged 40 years and over from 203 neuropsychiatric practices, who were initially diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment between 2005 and 2013. The primary outcome was diagnosis of all-cause dementia recorded in the database until the end of the five-year follow-up period. Cox regression models were used to examine mild cognitive impairment progression to dementia when adjusted for confounders (age, sex, and health-insurance type). The mean age was 68.9 years and 46.6% were men. After the five-year follow-up period, 38.1% of women and 30.4% of men had been diagnosed with dementia ( p < 0.001). The share of subjects with dementia increased with age, rising from 6.6% in the age group of ≤ 60 years to 64.7% in the age group of > 80 years ( p < 0.001). Men were at a lower risk of being diagnosed with dementia than women (hazard ratio = 0.86). Patients in the age groups 61–70, 71–80, and > 80 years also had a higher risk of developing this psychiatric disorder, with hazard ratios ranging from 3.50 to 11.71. Finally, mild cognitive impairment was less likely to progress to dementia in people with private health-insurance coverage than in people with public health-insurance coverage (hazard ratio = 0.69). Around one in three patients developed dementia in the five years following mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. Sex, age, and type of health insurance were associated with this risk.
Facing uncertainty in education: Beyond the harmonies of Eurovision education
Authors: Todd Sharon
Published: October 2016

One of the most pressing concerns identified in current European educational discourse is about the transitions of students from school to higher education and from educational institutions to the labour market. Government anxieties over the precariousness of the future has led to increasing regulation and measurement of ‘skills’ and ‘competences’ for students in an attempt to suture over these transitions. However, in doing so, policies risk further alienating and dehumanizing students in turning classrooms into testing zones and places of high risk assessment that pigeon-hole students into limited futures. I argue in this paper that if youth are to contribute meaningfully to a future that is, by definition, not something that is certain or knowable in advance, a more appropriate response will be to think about the kinds of sensibility that would help students orient themselves toward a changing and unpredictable world. This paper outlines how a project of facing uncertainty (what the poet John Keats referred to as ‘negative capability’) actually shifts the terms upon which policies and curricular reform can be constructed.
Impedance-based structural health monitoring and statistical method for threshold-level determination applied to 2024-T3 aluminum panels under varying temperature
Authors: de Souza Rabelo Diogo , Steffen Valder , Finzi Neto Roberto Mendes , Lacerda Helder Barbieri
Published: October 2016

The impedance-based structural health monitoring method has become a promising and attractive tool for damage identification and is considered a nondestructive evaluation technique. However, conventional impedance-based structural health monitoring studies have mainly focused on structural damage identification but not so much on statistical modeling approaches in order to determine a threshold for the decision making of the damage detection system. In this study, the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique is used in a damage detection problem considering temperature variation effects. For this aim, three aluminum 2024-T3 plates were instrumented with small lead zirconate titanate patches close to their borders, and damage was introduced in the central position of the plates, with temperature ranging from −10°C to 60°C. This article proposes a method to statistically determine a threshold for damage detection purposes using concepts of statistical process control, as well as confidence intervals and normality tests in order to obtain a diagnosis with a previously determined confidence level. Thus, this work presents a sensitivity evaluation of the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique as applied to aluminum plates under varying temperature. With the technique proposed, damage threshold levels are determined so that lead zirconate titanate patches placed approximately 280 mm from the damage inserted were able to detect saw cuts of approximately 7 mm long, with 95% confidence intervals inside the temperature range considered.