bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atendimento humanizado nos serviços de emergência hospitalar na percepção do acompanhante
Authors: Andrade Luciene Miranda de , Martins Emanuelle Carlos , Caetano Joselany Afio , Soares Enedina , Beserra Eveline Pinheiro
Published: June 2017

A humanização da assistência à saúde é uma demanda atual e crescente no contexto brasileiro. No entanto, na prática, ela não tem se concretizado, principalmente nos serviços destinados ao atendimento de urgência e emergência. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção do acompanhante acerca da humanização do atendimento de emergência, realizado numa instituição pública de referência no município de Fortaleza-CE, durante o segundo semestre de 2006. Para coleta de dados participaram dez acompanhantes, ao final de cada atendimento, cujos resultados revelaram como mais importantes: falta de comunicação; alta demanda; problemática da infra-estrutura; compromisso profissional comprometendo humanização no processo de assistência ao cliente. Conclui-se que o entendimento de que a humanização, na visão dos acompanhantes, é possível de ser alcançada por meio de pequenas ações: olhar atentivo; ambiente, material e equipamentos suficientemente adequados, pois, a aplicação correta de recursos são fatores condicionantes para a humanização.
Cuidado de enfermagem para clientela em hemodiálise: suas dimensões instrumentais e expressivas
Authors: Rezende Rachel De Carvalho de , Porto Isaura Setenta
Published: June 2017

Trata de investigação sobre o cuidado de enfermagem para clientela em hemodiálise. Objetivos: (a) descrever situações de cuidado entre integrantes da equipe-clientela; (b) caracterizar demandas de cuidados da clientela, e (c) analisar dimensões do cuidado nas interações entre integrantes da equipe-clientela. O estudo foi realizado em três hospitais do estado do Rio de Janeiro (dois universitários e um assistencial), no período outubro a dezembro de 2005. A observação participante documentou os cuidados e dezessete integrantes da equipe e clientes-família foram entrevistados. As duas categorias, resultantes de análise de conteúdo, foram as dimensões instrumentais e expressivas do cuidado. A predominância das dimensões instrumentais mostrou o atendimento das demandas biológicas da clientela. A predominância das dimensões expressivas foi destacada como diferencial do cuidado ao facilitar laços para a continuidade do tratamento sem os clientes sentirem-se “partes-de-máquinas”. Os resultados demonstraram que dimensões instrumentais e expressivas do cuidado devem ser valorizadas para atender integralmente à clientela sendo que as expressivas devem ser documentadas na prática assistencial e literatura.
Estrutura conceitual da tensão do cuidador familiar de idosos dependentes
Authors: Fernandes Maria Das Graças Melo , Garcia Telma Ribeiro
Published: June 2017

O aumento de idosos com incapacidade funcional levou ao surgimento do fenômeno de tensão do cuidador familiar. Em nosso contexto, esse tema é abordado ainda de modo incipiente na pesquisa e prática assistencial gerontológica. Tendo em vista esses aspectos, este estudo, desenvolvido em 2003, com base no método proposto por Schwartz-Barcott e Kim para o Modelo Híbrido de Análise Conceitual, objetivou elaborar um esboço teórico para o conceito Tensão do cuidador familiar de idosos dependentes de modo a subsidiar o cuidado em saúde dessa clientela. Para a primeira fase, de análise teórica, utilizou-se um corpus de 84 trabalhos pertinentes à temática, publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre 1990 e 2001; os resultados subsidiaram a elaboração do instrumento de coleta de dados. A segunda fase, de estudo de campo, envolveu trinta cuidadoras, sendo os dados obtidos mediante entrevista individual, e analisados quantitativamente. O cotejamento entre os achados teóricos e empíricos permitiu a elaboração de uma estrutura conceitual para o referido conceito, que contempla fatores antecedentes, atributos críticos e conseqüências do fenômeno. O fenômeno investigado apresenta-se como multidimensional, recomendando-se a inclusão do idoso, cuidador e família como sujeitos inter-relacionados no processo de cuidado profissional.
Aleitamento materno: a visão das puérperas
Authors: Barreto Cristina Alencar , Silva Leila Rangel da , Christoffel Marialda Moreira
Published: June 2017

O aleitamento materno é de suma importância para o binômio mãe-filho, tanto do ponto de vista físico, como psicológico. A maioria das mulheres experenciam o aleitamento materno e necessita do apoio dos profissionais de saúde. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer a visão das puérperas em relação ao cuidado prestado pelos profissionais de saúde quanto à prática da amamentação. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório, realizado com 50 puérperas em uma maternidade no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de Agosto a Dezembro de 2006. Das entrevistadas, 68% têm idade entre 20 e 29 anos, 40% têm baixa escolaridade, 64% são multíparas. Em relação a gestação atual 72% referiram parto normal, 94% das mulheres realizaram o pré-natal, destes 30% foi acompanhado pela enfermeira. O estudo evidenciou que 58% não foram orientadas quanto à prática da amamentação, 38% referiram falta de orientação prestada por algum profissional e 42% sentiram dificuldade para amamentar. A prática do aleitamento materno deve ser uma das principais ações de profissionais de saúde desde o pré-natal até o puerpério sensibilizando para o manejo e apoio à mulher, recém-nascido e família nos diferentes cenários.
Satisfação profissional da equipe de enfermagem do SAMU/Natal
Authors: Campos Renata Moreira , Farias Glaucea Maciel de , Ramos Cristiane Da Silva
Published: June 2017

Estudo exploratório descritivo, prospectivo, quantitativo, realizado no SAMU/Natal, para identificar o nível de satisfação profissional da equipe de enfermagem e verificar o grau de importância atribuída a cada um dos componentes da satisfação profissional: autonomia, interação, “status” profissional, requisitos do trabalho, normas organizacionais e remuneração. A população foi de 60 profissionais, com dados coletados de janeiro a fevereiro de 2005. Utilizamos o ISP. Predominou o sexo feminino (54,9%); idade entre 36 a 45 anos (60,8%); casada (58,8%), 82,4% possuem filhos entre 05 e 09 anos (30,8%); 78,4% eram técnicos e 21,6% enfermeiros, formados entre 11 a 15 anos (27,5%); 81,8% dos enfermeiros têm especialização; 29,4% trabalha de 11 a 15 anos na urgência; 58,8% trabalha a mais de 02 anos no SAMU; 72,6% tem horário fixo, 41,2% diurno e 53% noturno; 84% escolheu trabalhar neste serviço; destes 76,3% realizam cuidados diretos;96,1% gostam e estão satisfeitos. Dos enfermeiros 90,9% recebem de 05 a 10 salários mínimos e 70% dos técnicos de 02 a 05; atribuiram o componente autonomia o mais importante. O nível atual de satisfação foi o “status” profissional. O nível real de satisfação calculado retrata estarem mais satisfeitos com autonomia. O ISP foi 8,6, indicando uma equipe pouco satisfeita.
Estratégia Saúde da Família: gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem
Authors: Fermino Veridiana , Amestoy Simone Coelho , Santos Bianca Pozza dos , Casarin Sidnéia Tessmer
Published: June 2017

Objetivou-se conhecer o entendimento dos enfermeiros atuantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família acerca do conceito, das dificuldades e as estratégias utilizadas para desenvolver o gerenciamento do cuidado. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada em Pelotas/RS/Brasil, participando 20 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados foi com entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisadas conforme Análise Temática. Os enfermeiros entendem o gerenciamento do cuidado como a articulação entre gerenciamento e assistência. Quanto às dificuldades, há falta de estrutura física e de materiais, resistência ao lidar com colegas de trabalho, falta de autonomia e cargo de gerente distrital atribuído à pessoa sem conhecimentos na área da saúde. As estratégias sugeridas foram aproximação da gestão municipal com o serviço de saúde, investimentos em educação permanente e aumento do número de recursos humanos. Os enfermeiros entendem que a assistência e o gerenciamento estão interligados a fim de garantir o cuidado à população de seus territórios.
Reasons behind Aversion from Reading by the Students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Tafila Technical University
Authors: Al-Mahasneh Ruba , Al-Zreqat Asma’ , Al-Hraishat Montaha
Published: June 2017

The study aimed at identifying the reasons behind aversion from reading by the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Tafila Technical University in relation to the variables of gender and major. To achieve the aims of the study, a questionnaire was constructed. The questionnaire consisted of (45) items; each one represents a reason behind students’ aversion from reading. The questionnaire was administered on a random sample comprising (201) male and female students enrolled in the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Tafila Technical University during the second semester of the academic year 2015/2016.The results revealed that the degree of the samples’ ratings of the reasons behind aversion from reading on the tool as a whole was medium, the main reasons behind aversion from reading by the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences were electronic addiction and students' tendencies towards having the information which is easy to reach instead of looking for it, and there were no statistically significant differences at level (α = 0.05) attributed to the variables of gender and major.
From the Caribbean to the South Pacific: Cultural Hybridity, Resistance, and Historical Difference
Authors: Emiliani Maria E. Posse
Published: June 2017

The present article brings together two geographically and historically distant cultures and years of researching the subject of cultural hybridity in film, music, and art. My interdisciplinary, participatory methodology draws on experimental film, ethnogeography, social anthropology, and critical theory to flow and navigate through disciplines, experiences, art histories, African cultures, and Indigenous perspectives. In describing the processes of cultural hybridization and resistance, I show how difference and mobility are culturally productive and how they can help us understand the important role that artistic research and practice can play in preserving and revitalizing traditional knowledges and cultures in the contemporary globalized world.
"Theory of Revolution" in the thought of Allameh Sadr
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad Hossein , Nasirzadeh Samira
Published: June 2017

Sadr as a reference and genius of the great Shiite in the contemporary era of those who was proposed a comprehensive theory about the possibility, terms and conditions of the realization of revolution under the leadership of the school of Islam. So, he is one of scholars of religious revolution and its realization in the contemporary era. In this regard, by relying on theoretical foundations and pillars of historical traditions and human freedom, he reviews issue of the possibility of revolution and its necessity in contemporary era, and then by relying on factors such as school, conditions of time and preparation, in understanding of school and requirements, ability of leadership, determination, facilities and abilities, and also with a focus on organizations and party as a powerful tool, he expresses how to achieve religious revolution.
Law Enforcement against Criminal Acts in Politics in Indonesia Connected with Positive Law
Authors: Subarsyah Tedie
Published: June 2017

Political crimes are deemed to be problem, especially regarding their enforcement. Positive law has been set but the political crimes continue to occur. It is presumably caused by unpreparedness of the supporting factors to compensate for sophisticated and varied political crimes, criminal sanctions and a weak political will. As a result, there is a gap because of the breach of the law principles itself. Accordingly, it is necessary to study whether the positive law enforcement can reach all kinds of political crimes, how the criminal policies are formulated and the constraints and solutions to be pursued. In exposing the above issues, this research is descriptive analysis using normative juridical method. Their validity are checked through triangulation examination technique and then analyzed by qualitative analysis. The results revealed that political crimes are crimes against public interest and the occurrence process relates with the power and political activity as their means. If the power and political activity are synergized and strong, the political crimes will find their perfection. Positive law is essentially the result of a series of political processes. Consequently, any enforcement effort of positive law on political crime cannot be completed because political crime always coincides with high-tech, high management and high politic beyond the boundaries of reality (law, morality, culture and common sense). It then develops into a discourse that is planned, organized and controlled to be untouched and unreached crime. Meanwhile, positive law works in a linear-mechanistic way based on doctrine of Legal Positivism or Rechtsdogmatiek by promoting criminal policy in the form of penal policy that in reality had lost much of its authority.
Characterization of Slow Pyrolysis Wood Vinegar and Tar from Banana Wastes Biomass as Potential Organic Pesticides
Authors: Omulo Godfrey , Willett Sarah , Seay Jeffrey , Banadda Noble , Kabenge Isa , Zziwa Ahamada , Kiggundu Nicholas
Published: June 2017

Slow pyrolysis process has been used in the recent past to yield wood vinegar from various biomass wastes with a quest to investigate their chemical composition and possible uses. This study utilizes the abundant banana wastes in Uganda including leaves, pseudostem and peels (mpologoma, kisansa and kibuzi species) in the slow pyrolysis process to yield vinegar, tar and biochar. Characterization of these banana wastes’ vinegar and tar fractions were investigated via chromatographic and physicochemical analysis. The principle compounds present in the banana wastes vinegar and tar as per percentage peak areas were acids (68.6%), alcohols (62.5%), ketones (27.6%), phenols (25.7%) and furans (21.8%). The products characterization indicate that vinegar and tar contain compounds that can be used as pesticides, termiticide, fungicides, insect repellants, anti-leaching and soil degradation agents. Thus wood vinegar and tar can have sustainable impacts on agricultural sectors and chemical industries especially for developing countries.
Patches Approach to Investigate the Populational Dynamics in Dengue
Authors: Santos Fernando Luiz Pio
Published: June 2017

In areas where resources are located in patches or discrete locations, human dispersal is more conveniently modeled, in which the population is divided into discrete patches. In this work we develop a general discrete model to analyze the spread of Dengue disease. In the process of mathematical modeling we take into account the human populations and the circulation of a single serotype of dengue mosquitoes. The movements of susceptible, infected and recovered humans among all patches are considered. Aquatic phases with different carrying capacities are considered within the patches. Also an arbitrary number of patches can be used to simulate the spread of dengue disease. In this paper we performed numerical experiments to show the applicability of this methodology to investigate the dengue disease problem. The general discrete space model was developed for solving epidemiological problems whereas the human-vector interactions and human mobilities play an important role. Based on our numerical results, we may recommend the general patches model for solving epidemiological problems in Population Dynamics.
Wrappers Feature Selection in Alzheimer's Biomarkers Using kNN and SMOTE Oversampling
Authors: Rodrigues Yuri Elias , Manica Evandro , Zimmer Eduardo Rigon , Pascoal Tharick Ali , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha Sanjeewa , Rosa-Neto Pedro
Published: June 2017

Biomarkers are a characteristic that is objectively measured and eval-uated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or phar-macological responses to a therapeutic intervention. The combination of dierentbiomarker modalities often allows an accurate diagnosis classication. In Alzheimer'sdisease (AD), biomarkers are indispensable to identify cognitively normal individ-uals destined to develop dementia symptoms. However, using the combination ofcanonical AD biomarkers, studies have repeatedly shown poor classication ratesto dierentiate between AD, mild cognitive impairment and control individuals.Furthermore, the design of classiers to access multiple biomarker combinationsincludes issues such as imbalance classes and missing data. Since the numberbiomarker combinations is large then wrappers are used to avoid multiple com-parisons. Here, we compare the ability of three wrappers feature selection methodsto obtain biomarker combinations which maximize classication rates. Also, ascriterion to the wrappers feature selection we use the k-nearest neighbor classi-er with balance aids, random undersampling and SMOTE. Overall, our analysesshowed how biomarkers combinations aects the classier accuracy and how imbal-ance strategy improve it. We show that non-dening and non-cognitive biomarkershave less accuracy than cognitive measures when classifying AD. Our approach sur-pass in average the support vector machine and the weighted k-nearest neighborsclassiers and reaches 94.34 ± 3.91% of accuracy reproducing class denitions.
Člověk „dobrý“ a/nebo „zlý“? Antropologická varianta výchovy mezi autoritářstvím a liberalitou
Authors: Hábl Jan
Published: June 2017

Cílem této studie je ukázat implikace antropologického předporozumění lidské povahy pro etické vychovatelství. První část práce prezentuje rozdíl mezi ontologickým a morálním aspektem lidské povahy, tj. rozlišuje mezi tím, jak člověk jest (ontologie) a jak by měl být (morálka). Druhá část srovnává tři, resp. čtyři antropologické varianty odpovědí na tyto otázky – antropologický  pesimismus, optimismus, realismus, existencialismus. Třetí část ukazuje eticko-výchovné implikace těchto odpovědí. Na základě rozlišení ontologické a morální komplexity lidské povahy je doloženo, že antropologický realismus vede k autentické pedagogické humanizaci, zatímco pesimismus vede k autoritářské výchově a optimismus k liberální výchově. Antropologický realismus skýtá největší edukační potenciál pro funkční etické vychovatelství, které si klade za cíl formovat autentickou humanitu.
Towards a Theory for African Cinema (Férid Boughedir, 1974)
Authors: Connon Daisy
Published: June 2017

Towards a Theory for African Cinema is an English translation of a talk given in French by the Tunisian filmmaker and critic Férid Boughedir (1944–) at a conference on international cinema, which took place in Montreal in 1974. In his presentation Boughedir discusses the vocation of the African filmmaker, who must avoid succumbing to the escapism and entertainment values of Western cinema and instead strive to reflect the contradictions and tensions of the colonised African identity, while promoting a revitalisation of African culture. Drawing on the example of the 1968 film Mandabi (The Money Order) by the Senegalese director Sembène Ousmane, Boughedir conceptualises a form of cinema which resists the influences of both Hollywood and auteur film and awakens viewers, instead of putting them to sleep. Boughedir‘s source text is preceded by a translator‘s introduction, which situates his talk within contemporary film studies.
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation in PMDA: A Japanese Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Sato M , Ochiai Y , Kijima S , Nagai N , Ando Y , Shikano M , Nomura Y
Published: June 2017

In Japan in October 2016, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) began to receive electronic data in new drug applications (NDAs). These electronic data are useful to conduct regulatory assessment of sponsors’ submissions and contribute to the PMDA's research. In this article, we summarize the number of submissions of quantitative modeling and simulation (M&S) documents in NDAs in Japan, and we describe our current thinking and activities about quantitative M&S in PMDA.
Thiophene‐Fused Dinaphthopentaphenes: Versatile Applications of 1,2‐Bis(pyren‐2‐yl)aromatics in the Synthesis of π‐Expanded Molecules
Authors: Hossain Md. Awlad , Yamashita Ken‐ichi , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Shimizu Toshio , Goto Kenta , Sugiura Ken‐ichi
Published: June 2017

Thiophene‐fused dinaphtho[8,1,2‐opq:2′,1′,8′‐uva]pentaphenes (DNPPs) were synthesized and characterized by using our previously reported strategy. The Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of the boronic acid ester of pyrene with dibromothiophenes, 2,3‐dibromo‐ and 3,4‐dibromothiophenes, afforded the corresponding bis(pyren‐2‐yl)thiophenes. The subsequent oxidation reaction afforded the desired π‐expanded molecules. Reflecting the DNPP moieties, the obtained molecules show properties characteristic of π‐expanded molecules, such as amphoteric multiredox behaviors and light absorption in the visible region. The oxidized product of 3,4‐bis(pyren‐2‐yl)thiophene, which contains an ortho‐quinoidal structure, i. e., benzo[c]thiophene, was isolated and spectroscopically characterized. Because these molecules possess the [5]helicene structure, optical resolution of enantiomers has been carried out using high‐performance liquid chromatography.
Dramatically Enhanced Phenol Degradation on Alkali Cation‐Anchored TiO2/SiO2 Hybrids: Effect of Cation‐π Interaction as a Diffusion‐Controlling Tool in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Magatani Yasuhiro , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Nishizawa Kazuto , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: June 2017

Cation‐π interaction is an intermolecular interaction between the face of a π system and an adjacent cation, which brings about a change in molecular dynamics of organic reactants in catalysis. In this study, a series of alkali metal cations‐anchored TiO2/SiO2 hybrid catalysts were prepared based on organo‐functionalized MCM‐41 mesoporous silica, in order to examine the effect of cation‐π interaction in heterogeneous catalysis. Immobilizing heavier alkali metal cations on surface‐functionalized carboxylic acid ion‐exchange sites provided a dramatic impact on diffusion properties of aromatic molecules, which led to a significant enhancement in photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water under ultraviolet light irradiation, whereas such an enhancement was not observed in degradation of cyclohexanol without π electrons. A distinct relationship was observed between the catalytic activities and adsorption energies determined by thermogravimetric analysis, which evidenced a role of the cation‐π interaction as a diffusion‐controlling tool in this reaction system.
MicroRNA-195 prevents dendritic degeneration and neuron death in rats following chronic brain hypoperfusion
Authors: Chen Xin , Jiang Xue-Mei , Zhao Lin-Jing , Sun Lin-Lin , Yan Mei-Ling , Tian You , Zhang Shuai , Duan Ming-Jing , Zhao Hong-Mei , Li Wen-Rui , Hao Yang-Yang , Wang Li-Bo , Xiong Qiao-Jie , Ai Jing
Published: June 2017

Impaired synaptic plasticity and neuron loss are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Here, we found that chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) decreased the total length, numbers and crossings of dendrites and caused neuron death in rat hippocampi and cortices. It also led to increase in N-terminalβ-amyloid precursor protein (N-APP) and death receptor-6 (DR6) protein levels and in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6. Further study showed that DR6 protein was downregulated bymiR-195overexpression, upregulated bymiR-195inhibition, and unchanged by binding-site mutation and miR-masks. Knockdown of endogenousmiR-195by lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of its antisense molecule (lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195) decreased the total length, numbers and crossings of dendrites and neuron death, upregulated N-APP and DR6 levels, and elevated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-6 levels. Overexpression ofmiR-195using lenti-pre-miR-195prevented these changes triggered by 2VO. We conclude thatmiR-195is involved in CBH-induced dendritic degeneration and neuron death through activation of the N-APP/DR6/caspase pathway.
Imaging grading system for the diagnosis of dural ossification based on 102 segments of TOLF CT bone-window data
Authors: Zhou Sheng-yuan , Yuan Bo , Chen Xiong-sheng , Li Xue-bin , Zhu Wei , Jia Lian-shun
Published: June 2017

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) complicated with dural ossification (DO) is a severe clinical disease. The diagnosis of DO preoperatively remains challenging. The current study retrospectively analyzed imaging features of 102 segments with TOLF from 39 patients and proposed a grading system for evaluating DO risk. Logistic regression results showed that unilateral spinal canal occupational rate (UCOR), tram track signs, and C-signs were all risk factors for DO (odds ratios of 5.393, 19.734 and 72.594, respectively). In validation analyses for the TOLF-DO grading system, sensitivity was 76.0% (19/25), specificity was 91.0% (70/77), and Youden’s index was 0.66. Thus, implementation of the TOLF-DO grading system has the potential to improve the diagnosis of DO.
Dehydrogenation of cyclic amines by a coordinatively unsaturated Cp*Ir(iii) phosphoramidate complex
Authors: Drover Marcus W. , Schafer Laurel L. , Love Jennifer A.
Published: June 2017

The reaction of a Cp*Ir(iii) phosphoramidate complex with secondary amines gives amine, imine-bound Cp*Ir(iii) hydride complexes resulting from amine dehydrogenation.
Computational analysis of histidine mutations on the structural stability of human tyrosinases leading to albinism insurgence
Authors: Hassan Mubashir , Abbas Qamar , Raza Hussain , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Seo Sung-Yum
Published: June 2017

Misfolding and structural alteration in proteins lead to serious malfunctions and cause various diseases in humans.
Reaction of S-geranyl-2-thiouracil modified oligonucleotides with alkyl amines leads to the N2-alkyl isocytosine derivatives
Authors: Leszczynska Grazyna , Sadowska Klaudia , Sierant Malgorzata , Sobczak Milena , Nawrot Barbara , Sochacka Elzbieta
Published: June 2017

The yield of the synthesis ofS-geranylated oligomers depends on the alkaline conditions of oligomer deprotection; a routinely used alkyl amine protocol deliversN2-alkylisocytosine-modified side products.
The exon junction complex senses energetic stress and regulates contractility and cell architecture in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Pierrat Olivier A. , Paudyal Anju , Woodruff James , Koroleva Olga , Boateng Samuel Y.
Published: June 2017

The exon junction complex (EJC) is the main mechanism by which cells select specific mRNAs for translation into protein. We hypothesized that the EJC is involved in the regulation of gene expression during the stress response in cardiac myocytes, with implications for the failing heart. In cultured rat neonatal myocytes, we examined the cellular distribution of two EJC components eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A isoform 3 (eIF4A3) and mago nashi homologue (Mago) in response to metabolic stress. There was significant relocalization of eIF4A3 and Mago from the nucleus to cytoplasm following 18 h of hypoxia. Treating myocytes with 50 mM NaN3 for 4 h to mimic the metabolic stress induced by hypoxia also resulted in significant relocalization of eIF4A3 and Mago to the cytoplasm. To examine whether the effects of metabolic stress on the EJC proteins were dependent on the metabolic sensor AMP kinase (AMPK), we treated myocytes with 1 μM dorsomorphin (DM) in combination with NaN3. DM augmented the translocation of Mago and eIF4A3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Knockdown of eIF4A3 resulted in cessation of cell contractility 96 h post-treatment and a significant reduction in the number of intact sarcomeres. Cell area was significantly reduced by both hypoxia and eIF4A3 knockdown, whilst eIF4A3 knockdown also significantly reduced nuclear size. The reduction in nuclear size is unlikely to be related to apoptosis as it was reversed in combination with hypoxia. These data suggest for the first time that eIF4A3 and potentially other EJC members play an important role in the myocyte stress response, cell contractility and morphology.
Interview mit Staatssekretär Karl-Josef Laumann: Patienten sind keine Bittsteller
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: June 2017

Rechtlich haben Patienten in Deutschland einen schweren Stand, denn ihre direkte Mitwirkung an wichtigen Entscheidungen ist im selbstverwalteten Gesundheitssystem und seinen Gremien kaum vorgesehen. Staatssekretär Karl-Josef Laumann, Beauftragter der Bundesregierung für die Belange von Patienten, stellte sich den Fragen der kma zu Patienteninteressen und zur Wirkung des sogenannten Patientenrechte-Gesetzes.
Innovatives Krankenhauskonzept: Von unten nach oben besser werden
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: June 2017

60 bis 70 Prozent der Bevölkerung wünschen sich heute integrative Medizinangebote. Die Anthroposophische Medizin verknüpft konventionelle mit komplementärer Medizin. Verbunden mit grundlegenden organisatorischen Veränderungen bescherte dieser Ansatz dem Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe unternehmerischen Erfolg und diverse Auszeichnungen.
Darko Duric: Integrationsbeauftragter mit perfektem Background
Authors: Sickinger Nina
Published: June 2017

AUSLÄNDISCHE MITARBEITER BERICHTEN AUS DEUTSCHEN KLINIKEN Darko Duric (44) stammt aus Kroatien und ist seit 25 Jahren in Deutschland. Der gelernte Krankenpfleger ist inzwischen freigestellter Praxisanleiter und Integrationsbeauftragter an der Charité. In dieser Funktion steht er den neuen Kollegen aus dem Ausland auch bei Heimweh bei.
Prophylactic Midface Lift in Midfacial Trauma
Authors: Brown Ryan , Lozada Kirk , Gordin Eli , Ducic Yadranko , Kadakia Sameep
Published: June 2017

The objective was to review our favorable experience in the use of prophylactic midface lifts in the setting of severe midfacial trauma. A retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients undergoing prophylactic midface lifts at the time of definitive fracture repair in a County Hospital Level 1 trauma center was done. All patients undergoing midface lifts at the time of fracture repair by the senior author from July 1998 to July 2012 were included in this review. A total of 72 patients (58 males, 14 females, average age: 36.2 years) were available for review. Sixty-three patients had a minimal follow-up of at least 3 months. No complications felt to be related to the midfacial suspension were noted. There were no instances of frontal nerve paralysis or palsy. There were no patients with ectropion. Patient midfacial symmetry was evaluated by two blinded facial plastic surgeons. It was felt to be excellent in 53 patients, good in 9, fair in 1, and poor in none. The force of trauma necessary to elicit a severe midfacial fracture and the subsequent subperiosteal dissection required to expose the fractures for rigid fixation result in severe laxity of the midfacial soft tissue envelope. Failure to suspend and support these soft tissues will result in significant facial asymmetry. Prophylactic endoscopic midface suspension appears to be a safe and effective method of largely eliminating this problem and should be considered in the setting of severe midfacial fractures.
GNAQ Mutation in the Venous Vascular Malformation and Underlying Brain Tissue in Sturge–Weber Syndrome
Authors: Sundaram Senthil , Michelhaugh Sharon , Klinger Neil , Kupsky William , Sood Sandeep , Chugani Harry , Mittal Sandeep , Juhász Csaba
Published: June 2017

The recent identification of the somatic GNAQ mutation (c.548G > A) provides insight into the pathogenesis of Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS). Although the primary SWS brain pathology is the leptomeningeal angiomatosis (LMA), cerebral cortical and white matter abnormalities play a prominent role in the disease manifestations. In some cases, SWS brain involvement is present even without detectable LMA on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To expand our understanding of the etiology of SWS brain pathology, surgical SWS brain specimens from nine children (age: 0.8–7.5 years) were carefully separated into LMA and (non-LMA) brain tissue; the latter did not contain any vascular malformation. A custom Competitive Allele-Specific TaqMan PCR (castPCR) assay to detect the mutation in GNAQ was performed in these separated specimens. The mutation was present in all nine LMA and seven of the nine non-LMA brain tissues. LMA tissues were significantly enriched by the mutation, as compared with non-LMA brain (mean: 7.2 ± 2.1% and 1.2 ± 0.4%, respectively; p = 0.008). These results demonstrate that the somatic GNAQ mutation in SWS is not confined to the venous vascular malformation but can directly (although less severely) affect underlying brain parenchyma, not directly affected by LMA, and possibly contribute to SWS brain pathology. Future studies should identify the specific cell type(s) affected by the mutation in the SWS-affected brain parenchyma.
On the physical interpretation of the nuclear molecular orbital energy
Authors: Charry Jorge , Pedraza-González Laura , Reyes Andrés
Published: June 2017

Recently, several groups have extended and implemented molecular orbital (MO) schemes to simultaneously obtain wave functions for electrons and selected nuclei. Many of these schemes employ an extended Hartree-Fock approach as a first step to find approximate electron-nuclear wave functions and energies. Numerous studies conducted with these extended MO methodologies have explored various effects of quantum nuclei on physical and chemical properties. However, to the best of our knowledge no physical interpretation has been assigned to the nuclear molecular orbital energy (NMOE) resulting after solving extended Hartree-Fock equations. This study confirms that the NMOE is directly related to the molecular electrostatic potential at the position of the nucleus.
Searching for DFT-based methods that include dispersion interactions to calculate the physisorption of H2 on benzene and graphene
Authors: Cabria I. , López M. J. , Alonso J. A.
Published: June 2017

Simulations of the hydrogen storage capacities of nanoporous carbons require an accurate treatment of the interaction of the hydrogen molecule with the graphite-like surfaces of the carbon pores, which is dominated by the dispersion forces. These interactions are described accurately by high level quantum chemistry methods, like the Coupled Cluster method with single and double excitations and a non-iterative correction for triple excitations (CCSD(T)), but those methods are computationally very expensive for large systems and for massive simulations. Density functional theory (DFT)-based methods that include dispersion interactions at different levels of complexity are less accurate, but computationally less expensive. In order to find DFT-methods that include dispersion interactions to calculate the physisorption of H2 on benzene and graphene, with a reasonable compromise between accuracy and computational cost, CCSD(T), Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory method, and several DFT-methods have been used to calculate the interaction energy curves of H2 on benzene and graphene. DFT calculations are compared with CCSD(T) calculations, in the case of H2 on benzene, and with experimental data, in the case of H2 on graphene. Among the DFT methods studied, the B97D, RVV10, and PBE+DCACP methods yield interaction energy curves of H2-benzene in remarkable agreement with the interaction energy curve obtained with the CCSD(T) method. With regards to graphene, the rev-vdW-DF2, PBE-XDM, PBE-D2, and RVV10 methods yield adsorption energies of the lowest level of H2 on graphene, very close to the experimental data.
3D imaging of intrinsic crystalline defects in zinc oxide by spectrally resolved two-photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Al-Tabich A. , Inami W. , Kawata Y. , Jablonski R. , Worasawat S. , Mimura H.
Published: June 2017

We present a method for three-dimensional intrinsic defect imaging in zinc oxide (ZnO) by spectrally resolved two-photon fluorescence microscopy, based on the previously presented method of observing a photoluminescence distribution in wide-gap semiconductor crystals [Noor et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(16), 161106 (2008)]. A tightly focused light beam radiated by a titanium-sapphire laser is used to obtain a two-photon excitation of selected area of the ZnO sample. Photoluminescence intensity of a specific spectral range is then selected by optical band pass filters and measured by a photomultiplier tube. Reconstruction of the specimen image is done by scanning the volume of interest by a piezoelectric positioning stage and measuring the spectrally resolved photoluminescence intensity at each point. The method has been proved to be effective at locating intrinsic defects of the ZnO crystalline structure in the volume of the crystal. The method was compared with other defect imaging and 3D imaging techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy and confocal microscopy. In both cases, our method shows superior penetration abilities and, as the only method, allows location of the defects of the chosen type in 3D. In this paper, we present the results of oxygen vacancies and zinc antisites imaging in ZnO nanorods.
Role of the colossal frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant in the performance of the organo-metallic tri-halide perovskites
Authors: Slonopas Andre , Kaur Balvinder , Norris Pamela
Published: June 2017

Organo-metallic perovskites have emerged as a promising next generation semiconducting material. Despite achievements in the efficiencies of perovskite devices, and although crucial to future success, little is known about the fundamental dielectric behavior of these materials. The measurement of the dielectric behavior in perovskites has proven to be both difficult and controversial. This work reports the dielectric properties of tri-halide perovskites over broad frequency (10 mHz–6 MHz) and temperature (100 K–300 K) ranges. A colossal dielectric constant in the materials is observed. The dielectric constant is found to drop abruptly above the PbI3 polarization frequency of ∼106 Hz and is shown to be largely structure dependent. The immense dielectric constant is found to diminish the exciton binding energies to negligible, ∼10 meV, at 300 K, thus guaranteeing exciton separation and explaining previously observed impressive perovskite device performance. This work provides fundamental information about the photo-physics of the materials, resolves some experimental controversy, and enables opto-electrical performance optimization.
Unusual enhancement of effective magnetic anisotropy with decreasing particle size in maghemite nanoparticles
Authors: Pisane K. L. , Singh Sobhit , Seehra M. S.
Published: June 2017

In magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), the observed increase in the effective magnetic anisotropy Keff with the decrease in particle size D is often interpreted, sometimes unsuccessfully, using the equation Keff = Kb + (6KS/D), where Kb is the bulk-like anisotropy of the core spins and KS is the anisotropy of spins in the surface layer. Here, we test the validity of this relation in γ-Fe2O3 NPs for sizes D from 15 nm to 2.5 nm. The samples include oleic acid-coated NPs with D = 2.5, 3.4, 6.3, and 7.0 nm investigated here, with results on 14 other sizes taken from literature. Keff is determined from the analysis of the frequency dependence of the blocking temperature TB after considering the effects of interparticle interactions on TB. For the γ-Fe2O3 NPs with D < 5 nm, an unusual enhancement of Keff with decreasing D, well above the magnitudes predicted by the above equation, is observed. Instead the variation of Keff vs. D is best described by an extension of the above equation by including Ksh term from spins in a shell of thickness d. Based on this core-shell-surface layer model, the data are fit to the equation Keff = Kb + (6KS/D) + Ksh{[1−(2d/D)]−3−1} with Kb = 1.9 × 105 ergs/cm3, KS = 0.035 ergs/cm2, and Ksh = 1.057 × 104 ergs/cm3 as the contribution of spins in the shell of thickness d = 1.1 nm. Significance of this result is discussed.
High responsivity in molecular beam epitaxy grown β-Ga2O3 metal semiconductor metal solar blind deep-UV photodetector
Authors: Singh Pratiyush Anamika , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Vishnu Solanke Swanand , Xia Zhanbo , Muralidharan Rangarajan , Rajan Siddharth , Nath Digbijoy N.
Published: June 2017

In this report, we demonstrate high spectral responsivity (SR) in MBE grown epitaxial β-Ga2O3-based solar blind metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors (PD). The (-201)-oriented β-Ga2O3 thin film was grown using plasma-assisted MBE on c-plane sapphire substrates. MSM devices fabricated with Ni/Au contacts in an interdigitated geometry were found to exhibit peak SR > 1.5 A/W at 236–240 nm at a bias of 4 V with a UV to visible rejection ratio > 105. The devices exhibited very low dark current < 10 nA at 20 V and showed no persistent photoconductivity (PPC) as evident from the sharp transients with a photo-to-dark current ratio > 103. These results represent the state-of-art performance for the MBE-grown β-Ga2O3 MSM solar blind detector.
Thermal conductivity of GaAs/Ge nanostructures
Authors: Jia Roger , Zeng Lingping , Chen Gang , Fitzgerald Eugene A.
Published: June 2017

Superlattices are of great interest as platform materials for thermoelectric technology that are capable of directly converting low-grade heat energy into useful electrical power. In this work, the thermal conductivities of GaAs/Ge superlattice nanostructures were investigated systematically in relation to their morphologies and interfaces. Thermal conductivities were measured using ultrafast time-domain thermoreflectance and were found to decrease with increasing interface densities, consistent with past understanding of microscopic phonon transport in the particle regime. The lowest thermal conductivities were observed in (GaAs)0.77(Ge2)0.23 alloys, and transmission electron microscopy study reveals phase separation in the alloys. These alloys can be interpreted as fine nanostructures, with length scales comparable to the periods of very thin superlattices. Electrical transport measurements along the film plane direction showed no significant reduction in electrical properties attributable to the interfaces between GaAs and Ge. Our experimental findings help gain fundamental insight into nanoscale thermal transport in superlattices and are also useful for future improvement of thermoelectric performance using nanostructures.
Using a ‘network of practice’ approach to match grazing decision-support system design with farmer practice
Authors: Eastwood C. R. , Dela Rue B. T. , Gray D. I.
Published: June 2017

The use of pasture measurement tools and decision-support systems (DSS) for grazing management remains limited on New Zealand dairy farms. However, effective use of such tools provides opportunities to optimise pasture grown and pasture harvested. The present study used a mixed-method qualitative research approach to investigate pasture data and technology use for grazing decision making, through interviews and workshops with farmers, rural professionals, commercial software developers and a panel of farming-system specialists. Results suggest that different drivers for use of pasture data and DSS exist between farm owner-operators and corporate farming operations. Larger multi-farm businesses are collecting pasture data for use at a governance level as well as for operational decision making. Understanding the seasonal influences on decision making, and incorporating major regional differences such as pasture growth rates and impact of irrigation use, provides guidance on how to better match DSS to farmer practice. Study participants identified a need for greater integration of software tools to connect in-paddock data capture with real-time feedback. Also, data integration is needed to enable the transfer of information across different platforms for corporate farming operations. Rural professionals used commercial grazing DSS products, but also constructed their own spreadsheets to enable functionality and reporting not available in the DSS products. The research highlighted a need for farmer-orientated tools that are flexible to incorporate differences in user goals, decision making, mobility and desired outputs. Key attributes identified were seasonality, simplicity, ability to trial before purchase, flexibility in application, scalability to match farm systems, and integration with other tools. Future research and design of DSS tools requires a focus on co-creation with farmers, to merge scientific and practical knowledge.
Group-based education for patients with type 2 diabetes: a survey of Australian dietitians
Authors: Odgers-Jewell Kate , Isenring Elisabeth A. , Thomas Rae , Reidlinger Dianne P.
Published: June 2017

Group-based education has the potential to substantially improve the outcomes of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and reduce the enormous burden that chronic diseases place on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite this proven effectiveness, the utilisation of group services for the management of T2DM by Australian dietitians is surprisingly low. This study surveyed a sample of 263 Australian dietitians to explore the utilisation of group-based education for T2DM, as well as dietitians’ preferences for practice and training. The results of this study indicate that Australian dietitians are currently under-utilising group-based education programs for the management of T2DM, with the primary reasons identified as a lack of training provided to dietitians in the area, limited access to facilities suitable for conducting group education, the perceived poor cost-effectiveness of these programs, and the lack of evidence-based practice guidelines for the group-based management of persons with T2DM. Additionally, the majority of preferences for further training were for either face-to-face or web-based formal training conducted over 3–6h. Clear, evidence-based practice guidelines and training resources for group education for the management of T2DM are needed in order to encourage better utilisation of group-based education by Australian dietitians.
Phosphate is the third nutrient monitored by TOR in
Candida albicans
and provides a target for fungal-specific indirect TOR inhibition
Authors: Liu Ning-Ning , Flanagan Peter R. , Zeng Jumei , Jani Niketa M. , Cardenas Maria E. , Moran Gary P. , Köhler Julia R.
Published: June 2017

Significance

The human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
uses the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway to contend with varying host environments and thereby, regulate cell growth. Seeking unknown components of the
C. albicans
TOR pathway, we identified a phosphate importer, Pho84, and its molecular link to Target of Rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). Because phosphorus is a critical element for anabolic processes, like DNA replication, ribosome biogenesis, translation, and membrane biosynthesis, TORC1 monitors its availability in regulating these processes. By depleting the central kinase in the TORC1 pathway, we showed that TORC1 signaling modulates regulation of phosphate acquisition. A Food and Drug Administration-approved small molecule inhibitor of Pho84 inhibits TORC1 signaling and potentiates the activity of the antifungals amphotericin B and micafungin.