bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Biomarkers for Early Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ishikawa Shigeto , Teshima Yuto , Otsubo Hiroki , Shimazui Takashi , Nakada Taka-aki , Takasu Osamu , Matsuda Kenichi , Sasaki Junichi , Nabeta Masakazu , Moriguchi Takeshi , Shibusawa Takayuki , Mayumi Toshihiko , Oda Shigeto
Published: November 2020

BackgroundShock and organ damage occur in critically ill patients in the emergency department because of biological responses to invasion, and cytokines play an important role in their development. It is important to predict early multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) because it is useful in predicting patient outcomes and selecting treatment strategies. This study examined the accuracy of biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-6, in predicting early MOD in critically ill patients compared with that of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).MethodsThis observational study was conducted at five universities from 2016 to 2018. Data of adult patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome who presented to the emergency department or were admitted to the intensive care unit were prospectively evaluated. qSOFA score and each biomarker (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin [PCT]) level were assessed on Days 0, 1, and 2. The primary outcome was set as MOD on Day 2, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was analyzed to evaluate qSOFA scores and biomarker levels.ResultsOf 199 patients, 38 were excluded and 161 were included. Patients with MOD on Day 2 had significantly higher qSOFA, SOFA, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and a trend toward worse prognosis, including mortality. The AUROC for qSOFA score (Day 0) that predicted MOD (Day 2) was 0.728 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.651–0.794). IL-6 (Day 1) showed the highest AUC among all biomarkers (0.790 [95% CI: 0.711–852]). The combination of qSOFA (Day 0) and IL-6 (Day 1) showed improved prediction accuracy (0.859 [95% CI: 0.792–0.907]). The combination model using qSOFA (Day 0) and IL-6 (Day 1) also showed a higher AUROC (0.889 [95% CI: 0.828–0.929]).ConclusionsThe addition of serum IL-6 level to qSOFA scores improved the accuracy of early MOD prediction.
High-dose rapamycin excerts a temporary impact on T. reesei through gene trFKBP12
Authors: Pang Ai-Ping , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Funing , Hu Xin , Wu Fu-Gen , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Wei , Lu Zuhong , Lin Fengming
Published: November 2020

Background: Knowledge with respect to regulatory systems for cellulase production is prerequisite for exploitation of such regulatory networks to increase cellulase production, improve fermentation efficiency and reduce the relevant production cost. The TOR (Target of Rapamycin) signaling pathway is considered as a central signaling hub coordinating eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism with environmental inputs. However, how and to what extent the TOR signaling pathway and rapamycin are involved in cellulase production remains elusive. Result: At the early fermentation stage, high-dose rapamycin (100 μM) caused a temporary inhibition effect on cellulase production, cell growth and sporulation of Trichoderma reesei independently of the carbon sources, and specifically caused a tentative morphology defect in RUT-C30 grown on cellulose. On the contrary, the lipid content of T. reesei was not affected by rapamycin. Accordingly, the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the cellulase production were downregulated notably with the addition of rapamycin. Although the mRNA levels of the putative rapamycin receptor trFKBP12 was upregulated significantly by rapamycin, gene trTOR (the downstream effector of the rapamycin-FKBP12 complex) and genes associated with the TOR signaling pathways were not changed markedly. With the deletion of gene trFKBP12, there is no impact of rapamycin on cellulase production, indicating that trFKBP12 mediates the observed temporary inhibition effect of rapamycin. Conclusion: Our study shows for the first time that only high-concentration rapamycin induced a transient impact on T. reesei at its early cultivation stage, demonstrating T. reesei is highly resistant to rapamycin, probably due to that trTOR and its related signaling pathways were not that sensitive to rapamycin. This temporary influence of rapamycin was facilitated by gene trFKBP12. These findings add to our knowledge on the roles of rapamycin and the TOR signaling pathways play in T. reesei.
Socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoeal disease among children under five in India
Authors: Paul Pintu
Published: November 2020

Background: Globally, diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under five and a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives taken by the government, a large proportion of children still experience diarrhoeal diseases which cause high childhood death in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoea in children under five in India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015–16. A total of 247,743 living children below five years of age were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out to assess the factors associated with childhood diarrhoeal disease.Results: In India, about 9% of under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past two weeks preceding the survey. Children living in rural areas (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), belonged to scheduled tribe (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and other castes (aOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim children (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and children resided in the central (aOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) regions were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in the past two weeks. Concerning environmental factors, child stool disposal (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions: Diarrhoeal disease is common among children who lived in rural areas, scheduled castes, Muslims, and children from poor families. Regarding environmental factors, stool disposal practices in the household, dirt floor, and thatch roof materials of the household unit are risk factors for diarrhoeal disease. Targeted approach should be initiated to mitigate the problem of the poor health status of children by providing adequate health care. The policy-makers and stakeholders should address adverse environmental conditions by the provision of latrine and improved housing facilities.
Molecular Screening of PROKR2 Gene in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty.
Authors: Aiello Francesca , Cirillo Grazia , Cassio Alessandra , Mase Raffaella Di , Tornese Gianluca , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Giudice Emanuele Miraglia del , Grandone Anna
Published: November 2020

Background: Prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) loss of function mutations have been describedas cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In 2017, a first case of central precocious puberty(CPP) caused by PROKR2 heterozygous gain of function mutation was described in a 3.5 years-oldgirl. No other cases have been reported yet. This study performs a molecular screening ingirls with early onset CPP (breast budding before 6 years of age) to identify possiblealterations in PROKR2.Methods: We analysed DNA of 31 girls with idiopathic CPP diagnosed via basal LH levels >0.3IU/L or peak-LH>5IU/L after stimulation, without any MKRN3 mutations. The Fisher exact test was used to compare polymorphism allele frequency to corresponding ones in genome aggregation database (gnomAD).Results: No rare variants were identified. Five polymorphisms were found (rs6076809, rs8116897, rS3746684, rs3746682, rs3746683). All except one (i.e. rs3746682) had a minor allele frequency (MAF) similar to that reported in literature. rs3746682 presented a MAF higher than that described in the gnomAD (0.84 in our cohort vs 0.25 from gnomAD).Conclusions: As for other G protein-coupled receptors (i.e. GPR54), mutations in PROKR2 donot seem to be a frequent cause of CPP in girls.
On Jones et al.’s method for extending Bland-Altman plots to limits of agreement with the mean for multiple observers
Authors: Christensen Heidi S. , Borgbjerg Jens , Børty Lars , Bøgsted Martin
Published: November 2020

Background To assess the agreement of continuous measurements between a number of observers, Jones et al. introduced limits of agreement with the mean (LOAM) for multiple observers, representing how much an individual observer can deviate from the mean measurement of all observers. Besides the graphical visualisation of LOAM, suggested by Jones et al., it is desirable to supply LOAM with confidence intervals and to extend the method to the case of multiple measurements per observer.Methods We reformulate LOAM under the assumption the measurements follow an additive two-way random effects model. Assuming this model, we provide estimates and confidence intervals for the proposed LOAM. Further, this approach is easily extended to the case of multiple measurements per observer.Results The proposed method is applied on two data sets to illustrate its use. Specifically, we consider agreement between measurements regarding tumour size and aortic diameter. For the latter study, three measurement methods are considered. Conclusions The proposed LOAM and the associated confidence intervals are useful for assessing agreement between continuous measurements.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Cytotoxicity of Gold Microwires for Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor Development
Authors: Lah Nurul Akmal Che , Gray Robert , Trigueros Sonia
Published: November 2020

With the long-term goal of developing an ultra-sensitive microcantilever-based biosensor for versatile biomarker detection, new controlled bioreceptor-analytes systems are being explored to overcome the disadvantages of conventional ones. Gold (Au) microwires have been used as a probe to overcome the tolerance problem that occurs in response to changes in environmental conditions. However, the cytotoxicity of Au microwires is still unclear. Here, we examined the cytotoxicity of Au microwires systems using both commercial and as-synthesised Au microwires. In vitro experiments show that commercial Au microwires with an average quoted length of 5.6 µm are highly toxic against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 50 µg/ml. However, this toxicity is due to the presence of CTAB surfactant not by the microwires. Conversely, the as-synthesised Au microwires show non-cytotoxicity even at the maximum viable concentration (330µg/ml). These findings may lead to the development of potentially life-saving cytotoxicity -free biosensors for an early diagnostic of potential diseases.
Joint modeling of longitudinal lipids and time to coronary heart disease in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Kassahun-Yimer Wondwosen , Valle Karen A , Oshunbade Adebamike A , Hall Michael E , Min Yuan-I , Cain-Shields Lorreta , Anugu Pramod , Correa Adolfo
Published: November 2020

Background: Multiple longitudinal responses together with time-to-event outcome are common in biomedical studies. There are several instances where the longitudinal responses are correlated with each other and at the same time each longitudinal response is associated with the survival outcome. The main purpose of this study is to present and explore a joint modeling approach for multiple correlated longitudinal responses and a survival outcome. The method will be illustrated using the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), which is one of the largest cardiovascular studies among African Americans.

Methods: Four longitudinal responses, i.e., total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and inflammation measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); and time-to-coronary heart disease (CHD) were considered from the JHS. The repeated lipid and hsCRP measurements from a given subject overtime are likely correlated with each other and could influence the subject's risk for CHD. A joint modeling framework is considered. To deal with the high dimensionality due to the multiple longitudinal profiles, we use a pairwise bivariate model fitting approach that was developed in the context of multivariate Gaussian random effects models. The method is further explored through simulations.

Results: The proposed model performed well in terms of bias and relative efficiency. The JHS data analysis showed that lipid and hsCRP trajectories could exhibit interdependence in their joint evolution and have impact on CHD risk.

Conclusions: We applied a unified and flexible joint modeling approach to analyze multiple correlated longitudinal responses and survival outcome. The method accounts for the correlation among the longitudinal responses as well as the association between each longitudinal response and the survival outcome at once. This helps to explore how the combination of multiple longitudinal trajectories could be related to the survival process.
Should we care about Plasmodium vivax and HIV coinfection? A systematic review and a cases series from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Del-Tejo Paola López , Cubas-Vega Nadia , Caraballo-Guerra Cecilia , Silva Bernardo Maia da , Valente Jefferson da Silva , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , Baia Djane Clarys , Castro Daniel Barros , Martinez-Espinosa Flor Ernestina , Siqueira André Machado , Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Val Fernando
Published: November 2020

Background. Malaria and HIV are two important public health issues. However, evidence on HIV-Plasmodium vivax co-infection (HIV/PvCo) is scarce, with most of the available information related to P. falciparum on the African continent. It is unclear whether HIV can change the clinical course of Plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria, and increase the risk of complications. In this study, we present a systematic review of the HIV/PvCo, and include recent cases from the Brazilian Amazon. Methods. Medical records from a tertiary care center in the Western Brazilian Amazon (2009 - 2018) were reviewed to identify HIV/PvCo hospitalized patients. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes are reported. We also performed a systematic review of published studies on HIV/PvCo. Metadata, number of HIV/PvCo cases, demographic, clinical, and outcome data were extracted. Results. A total of 1048 vivax malaria patients were hospitalized in the 10-year period; 21 (2.0%) were HIV/PvCo cases, of which nine (42.9%) had AIDS-defining illnesses. This was the first malaria episode in eleven (52.4%) patients. Seven (33.3%) patients were unaware of their HIV status and were diagnosed on hospitalization. Severe malaria was diagnosed in 5 (23.8%) patients. One patient died. The systematic review search provided 17 articles (12 cross-sectional or longitudinal studies and 5 case report studies). A higher prevalence of studies involved cases in African and Asian countries (35.3% and 29.4%, respectively), and the prevalence of reported co-infections ranged from 0.1 to 60%. Conclusion. Reports of HIV/PvCo are scarce in the literature, with only a few studies describing clinical and laboratory outcomes. Systematic screening for both co-infections is not routinely performed, and therefore, the real prevalence of HIV/PvCo is unknown. This study showed a low prevalence of HIV/PvCo, despite the high prevalence of malaria and HIV locally. Even though relatively small, this is the largest case series to describe HIV/PvCo.
Effect of Opium Consumption on Cardiovascular Diseases – A cross- sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan cohort study
Authors: khalili parvin , Ayoobi Fatemeh , Mohamadi Maryam , Jamalizadeh Ahmad , Vecchia Carlo La , Esmaeili-nadimi Ali
Published: November 2020

Background: There are differences of opinion about the beneficial or detrimental effects of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). So, we aimed to study the association between opium use and CVDs. Methods: We used data obtained from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), with detailed, validated data on opium consumption and some other exposures. A total of 10,000 adults were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression models were used to assess the possible relationships of opium consumption with the prevalence of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Results: In this study, 9990 participants in the baseline phase of the Rafsanjan adult cohort study were included according to their completed questionnaire. Among all participants, 870 and 296 individuals were found to suffer from IHD and MI, respectively. Opium consumption was found to be relatively high in the RCS participants, especially in men (men= 2150 and women= 228). Opium use was associated with a higher odds of IHD and MI, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.51 (1.22-1.86) and 1.79 (1.31-2.45), respectively. Also, dose-response increases were observed with the highest odds ratios in the 4th quartile for MI and IHD (p-values for trend < 0.001). Increased odds were observed for the two main methods of opium consumption, i.e. oral and smoking, but oral administration had higher odds ratio.Conclusions: Opium consumption is associated with the increased odds of both IHD and MI diseases.
Digitalized mass distribution campaign of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in the particular context of Covid-19 pandemic in Benin: challenges and lessons learned
Authors: AIKPON ROCK , Affoukou Cyriaque , Hounkpatin Benjamin , Eclou Dieu-Donné , Cyaka Yves , Egwu Elijah , Agbessi Narcisse , Tokponon Filémon , Salifou Sahidou , Salami Lamidhi , Hounto Aurore Ogouyemi
Published: November 2020

Background: In 2020, Benin has implemented a digitalized mass distribution campaign of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in the particular context of COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the implementation process as well as the challenges and lessons learned from this campaign. Methods: A descriptive design was used for reporting the planning and implementation process of ITNs campaign. Moreover, the changes and adaptations related to COVID-19 pandemic are described. Results: A total of 3,175,773 households were registered corresponding to a total of 14,423,998 persons (13.55% more from projection). Moreover, 94.16 % (13,581,637 people) of enumerated population were protected. A total of 7,652,166 ITNs were distributed countrywide. Conclusions: High political commitment, engagement and support add to the financial and technical supports from partners were the essential factors that make 2020 ITNs mass campaign success in Benin despite the particular context of COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to maintain the prevention activities for malaria and this could substantially reduce the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the populations at malaria risk.
Estimating malaria incidence from routine health facility-based surveillance data in Uganda
Authors: Epstein Adrienne , Namuganga Jane Frances , Kamya Emmanuel Victor , Nankabirwa Joaniter I , Bhatt Samir , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Staedke Sarah G , Kamya Moses R , Dorsey Grant , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: November 2020

Background: Accurate measures of malaria incidence are essential to track progress and target high-risk populations. While health management information system (HMIS) data provide counts of malaria cases, quantifying the denominator for incidence using these data is challenging because catchment areas and care-seeking behaviors are not well defined. This study’s aim was to estimate malaria incidence using HMIS data by adjusting the population denominator accounting for travel time to the health facility. Methods: Outpatient data from two public health facilities in Uganda (Kihihi and Nagongera) over a three year period (2011-2014) were used to model the relationship between travel time from patient village of residence (available for each individual) to the facility and the relative probability of attendance using Poisson generalized additive models. Outputs from the model were used to generate a weighted population denominator for each health facility and estimate malaria incidence. Among children aged 6 months to 11 years, monthly HMIS-derived incidence estimates, with and without population denominators weighted by probability of attendance, were compared with gold standard measures of malaria incidence measured in prospective cohorts. Results: A total of 48,898 outpatient visits were recorded across the two sites over the study period. HMIS incidence correlated with cohort incidence over time at both study sites (correlation in Kihihi = 0.64, p < 0.001; correlation in Nagongera = 0.34, p = 0.045). HMIS incidence measures with denominators unweighted by probability of attendance underestimated cohort incidence aggregated over the three years in Kihihi (0.5 cases per person-year [PPY] versus 1.7 cases PPY) and Nagongera (0.3 cases PPY versus 3.0 cases PPY). HMIS incidence measures with denominators weighted by probability of attendance were closer to cohort incidence, but remained underestimates (1.1 cases PPY in Kihihi and 1.4 cases PPY in Nagongera). Conclusions: Although malaria incidence measured using HMIS underestimated incidence measured in cohorts, even when adjusting for probability of attendance, HMIS surveillance data are a promising and scalable source for tracking relative changes in malaria incidence over time, particularly when the population denominator can be estimated by incorporating information on village of residence.
La soledad y el distanciamiento social como constructos
psicológicos
Authors: Betancur Arias Juan Diego
Published: November 2020

La soledad es un constructo psicológico poco abordado por las ciencias
del comportamiento, alude a la percepción subjetiva del individuo de no
poseer relaciones vinculares que lo construyan como un ser social y es
propia, según los estudios científicos, de la población adulta mayor. Lo
mismo sucede con el distanciamiento o aislamiento social, que también puede
considerarse otro condicionante para la salud integral del ser humano; estar
desagregado del mundo social, relacional, es la sensación que tiene a diario
una persona que no posee opción en su estilo de vida de construir redes de
apoyo a partir de la interacción.
Temperature impact on monochloramine, free ammonia, and free chlorine indophenol methods
Authors: Waters Thomas E. , Alexander Matthew T. , Wahman David G.
Published: November 2020

A commercial colorimetric indophenol (IP) method is used for determining monochloramine (NH2Cl) concentrations for process control in chloraminated public water systems and chloramine-related research. The NH2Cl – IP method excludes some quality control procedures typically included in drinking water methods and is not approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for compliance monitoring. Therefore, the authors developed and validated a more complete NH2Cl–IP method, building on the commercial technique, as a candidate for future approval. During method development, temperature impact on color development was investigated. Color development time increased as temperature decreased. Below 20 °C, times needed for full color development were greater than those reported in the commercial method, reaching nearly three times longer at 5 °C. This observed temperature dependence also applies to free ammonia and free chlorine indophenol methods. To avoid measurement errors of samples analyzed below 20 °C, use of reaction times determined in this study is recommended for these indophenol methods.
The Association between Migraine and Depression based on miRNA Biomarkers and Cohort Studies
Authors: Chen Yi-Hau , Wang Hsiuying
Published: November 2020

Background:

An association between migraine and Major Depression (MD)
has been revealed in a number of clinical studies. Both diseases have affected a large
global population. More understanding of the comorbidity mechanism of these two diseases
can shed light on developing new therapies for their treatment.

Methods:

To the best of our knowledge, there have not been any researches in the literature
based on microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers to investigate the relationship between
MD and migraine. In this study, we have discussed the association between these two diseases
based on their miRNA biomarkers. In addition to miRNA biomarkers, we have also
demonstrated epidemiological evidence for their association based on Taiwan
Biobank (TWB) data.

Results:

Among the 12 migraine miRNA biomarkers, 11 are related to MD. Only
miR-181a has no direct evidence to be involved in the mechanism of MD. In addition to
the biological biomarker evidence, the statistical analysis using the large-scale epidemiologic
data collected from TWB provides strong evidence on the relationship between MD
and migraine.

Conclusions:

The evidence based on both molecular and epidemiological data reveals the
significant association between MD and migraine. This result can help investigate the correlated
underlying mechanism of these two diseases.
The Potential Use of RNA-based Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Song Yangyang , Ke Xinyu , Chen Leilei
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in women worldwide, and the
development of efficient treatments faces several challenges. Breast cancer is characterized
by histological and functional heterogeneity in aspects such as tumorigenesis, metastasis,
and drug resistance. RNA therapy has emerged as a highly attractive class of drugs
for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. It might play remarkable regulatory
roles in the treatment of targeted cells by either increasing or silencing expressions of specific
proteins, and such features of RNA-based drugs cause high selectivity and low risk
of off-target effect in breast cancer. RNA therapy exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic
effects upon cell culture systems, animal models, and in clinical trials in most
studies. In this mini-review, we outline the classifications, mechanisms, advantages, and
challenges of RNA therapy and highlight its application in breast cancer treatment. Additionally,
we summarize the clinical trials of RNA-targeting therapies and the development
of anti-tumor RNA drugs and provide future directions for RNA therapeutics in
breast cancer.
Micro-RNA (miRNA): A Biomarker to Identify Novel Compounds in Drug Discovery and Delivery for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Paramasivam Gokul
Published: November 2020

Micro-RNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding sequences involved in the biological regulatory
process. The miRNAs show a unique expression in diseases, resulting in pathogenesis. Identifying
the novel compounds is interesting during this process. The miRNA is a biomarker that helps
to detect cancer at an early stage through pathogenesis. Azobenzene and pyrazole are novel compounds,
having a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. These novel compounds are molecular probes
used in breast cancer therapy. The viral-based systems have few limitations, such as toxicity and
immunogenicity. Therefore, the non-viral based lipoplex and polyplex systems are attractive due to
no size limitations for the transfection of micro RNAs. The conventional drug delivery systems
have a large size and low drug efficacy at the target site. The nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation
methods are attractive in cancer therapy. Thus, the miRNA acts as a powerful tool and identifies
the drug target in cancer therapy.
Metal Nanocomposites Based Electrochemical Sensor Platform for Few Emerging Biomarkers
Authors: Maduraiveeran Govindhan
Published: November 2020

:

Design of high-performance electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms has attracted much devotion for the sensitive and selective detection of emergent biomarkers. Electrochemical sensor offers numerous advantageous features include cost-effective and ease of miniaturization, rapid and online monitoring, simultaneous detection ability, etc., which have captivated the potential interdisciplinary research. In this review, the advances and challenges towards the electrochemical detection of emergent biomarkers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, β-nicotinamide adenine acetaminophen, dinucleotide (NADH) in biofluids are highlighted based on the recent research outcomes. In fact, the effective utility and benefits of transition metal nanocomposites without the utilization of biological materials, including enzymes, antibodies, etc. as electrode materials towards the detection of selected biomarkers in practical biofluids, monitoring early-stage and diagnosis of disease related biomarkers, are also described. These promising metal nanomaterials based electrochemical sensor platforms concrete the tactic for a new generation of sensing devices.
Towards a New Cyberdefense Generation: Proposition of an Intelligent
Cybersecurity Framework for Malware Attacks
Authors: Abdel Ouahab Ikram Ben , Bouhorma Mohammed , El Aachak Lotfi , Boudhir Anouar Abdelhakim
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Newborn malware increase significantly in recent years, becoming more dangerous for many
applications. So, researchers are focusing more on solutions that serve the defense of new malwares trends and variance,
especially zero-day malware attacks. The prime goal of our proposition is to reach a high security level by defending against
malware attacks effectively using advanced techniques.

Methods:

In this paper, we propose an Intelligent Cybersecurity Framework specialized on malware attacks in a layered
architecture. After receiving the unknown malware, the Framework Core layer use malware visualization technique to
process unknown samples of the malicious software. Then, we classify malware samples into their families using: K-Nearest
Neighbor, Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithms. Classification results are given in the last layer, and based on a
Malware Behavior Database we are able to warn users by giving them a detail report on the malicious behavior of the given
malware family. The proposed Intelligent Cybersecurity Framework is implemented in a graphic user interface easy to use.

Results:

Comparing machine learning classifiers, Random Forest algorithm gives best results in the classification task with
a precision of 97,6%.

Conclusion:

However, we need to take into account results of the other classifiers for more reliability. Finally, obtained
results are as efficient as fast that meets cybersecurity frameworks general requirements.
High Electric Production by Membraneless Microbial Fuel Cell with Up Flow Operation Using Acetate Wastewater
Authors: Mukimin Aris , Zen Nur , Vistanty Hanny , Agus Purwanto
Published: November 2020

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new proposed technology reported to generate renewable energy while simultaneously treating wastewater. Membraneless microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) system was developed to eliminate the requirement of membrane which is expensive and prone to clogging while enhancing electricity generation and wastewater treatment efficiency. For this purpose, a reactor was designed in two chambers and connected via three pipes (1 cm in diameter) to enhance fluid diffusion. Influent flowrate was maintained by adjusting peristaltic pump at the base of anaerobic chamber. Carbon cloth (235 cm2) was used as anode and paired with gas diffusion layer (GDL) carbon-Pt as cathode. Anaerobic sludge was filtered and used as starter feed for the anaerobic chamber. The experiment was carried out by feeding synthetic wastewater to anaerobic chamber; while current response and potential were recorded. Performance of reactor was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Electroactive microbe was inoculated from anaerobic sludge and showed current response (0.55-0.65 mA) at 0,35 V, range of diameter 1.5-2 µm. The result of microscopics can showed three different species. The microbial performance was increased by adding ferric oxide 1 mM addition as acceptor electron. The reactor was able to generate current, voltage, and electricity power of 0.36 mA, 110 mV, and 40 mWatt (1.5 Watt/m2), respectively, while reaching COD removal and maximum coulomb efficiency (EC) of 16% and 10.18%, respectively.
Povos expostos, povos figurantes
Authors: Da Luz Correia Maria , Didi-Huberman Georges
Published: November 2020

O primeiro filme projetado da história tem por título, como é sabido, A saída da fábrica Lumière. No dia 22 de março de 1895, na rua de Rennes em Paris, diante de cerca de duas centenas de espetadores, Auguste e Louis Lumière expuseram pela primeira vez, numa tela, o povo humilde em movimento (figura 1). Os seus próprios operários tinham sido enquadrados diante do portão da fábrica de Monplaisir, abandonando as suas oficinas, num intervalo do trabalho, pelo meio-dia. É, então, saindo da sua fábrica que os povos terão entrado em cena – terão beneficiado de um novo valor de exposição – na era do cinematógrafo. Tudo isto é bastante simples, está visto, mas também muito paradoxal.
Gómez, R. & Resines, D. (2016). Notes from Sometime, Later, Maybe. Espanha: El Cangrejo.
Authors: Cunha Paulo
Published: November 2020

“No final dos anos 30, durante a Grande Depressão, numa pequena cidade no Dakota do Sul chamada Britton, Ivan Besse trabalhava como projecionista de cinema. Eram tempos difíceis e Ivan teve de pensar em algo para levar as pessoas de volta ao cinema. Ele decidiu sair para a rua e começar a filmar as pessoas que passavam, convidando- as a verem-se no grande ecrã, como se fossem verdadeiras estrelas de Hollywood... e funcionou.”
Média, tempo e memória
Authors: Babo Isabel
Published: November 2020

Os média noticiosos tradicionais atuam enquanto dispositivos de seleção, configuração narrativa e difusão dos acontecimentos. A par do poder da narrativa na estruturação do tempo e da experiência, pode considerar-se que a seleção pelos média do que se entende marcar o presente e o passado constitui um mecanismo de construção da memória social. Nessa medida, os média "fazem história", entrando no terreno da historiografia, e "fazem memória", participando e intervindo no processo de construção da memória coletiva. Porém, os média digitais, enquanto dispositivos caracterizados pela instantaneidade, velocidade, retenção e propagação de imagens e mensagens, introduzem novas possibilidades de comunicação, divulgação e arquivo, alterando, simultaneamente, as relações ao espaço e ao tempo. Interessa- nos interrogar se, uns e outros, média tradicionais e média digitais, de modos distintos, concorrem para a construção da memória coletiva ou, contrariamente, para o seu enfraquecimento, já que as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação desenvolvem possibilidades ilimitadas de disseminação, de arquivo e de memória técnica, mas também desmaterializam e destemporalizam. Nessa medida, importa indagar se as relações ao tempo, ao lugar e à memória, estão em vias de sofrer alterações.Para compreender como os média tradicionais e as novas tecnologias digitais intervêm na construção da memória, começa por esboçar-se um ponto de vista sobre uma fenomenologia e uma pragmática da memória, passando à questão da memória coletiva e da relação entre a história e a memória, para aplicar este questionamento às relações entre acontecimento, média e arquivo, à tecnicidade da memória, e às novas relações ao tempo e ao lugar nas redes.
A Grande Guerra e os quotidianos no Porto: os arquivos como contributos
Authors: Pereira Catarina , Vidal Diogo
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo resulta de uma investigação realizada no âmbito do tema “Quotidianos e Sociabilidades Portuenses no Contexto da Grande Guerra” desenvolvida entre a Escola Superior de Educação do Porto e o Arquivo Distrital do Porto. Procura, através da análise de quatro fundos – Processos de Passaporte dos Emigrantes (cartas de chamada); Companhia de Carris de Ferro do Porto; Processos de Admissão da Casa dos Hospícios do Porto (Casa da Roda); e, Livro de Registos Notariais – contribuir para o conhecimento dos quotidianos e sociabilidades na cidade do Porto durante a I Guerra Mundial, mais concretamente no ano de 1917. Pretende-se esboçar a importância dos arquivos como fonte primária de salvaguarda de um património documental inigualável, solidificado pelas personalidades e acontecimentos históricos que imortaliza. A análise da documentação, aqui entendida como elemento construtor de uma memória coletiva e identitária, revelou uma cidade marcada pela emigração para o continente sul americano e a perda de um contingente ativo alargado, pela miséria e pela fome de muitas famílias pertencentes a classes mais pobres, que viam na casa dos hospícios a única salvação para os seus filhos, e uma cidade onde a guerra teve consequências no setor comercial e associativo.
Produção mediática em sala de aula – desafio ou oportunidade pedagógica?
Authors: Oliveira Ana F.
Published: November 2020

Os impactos da revolução digital têm afetado as mais diversas áreas e práticas sociais. Não só as formas como trabalhamos e comunicamos, mas também as formas como aprendemos e ensinamos têm vindo a ser confrontadas com a importância de se modernizarem e de usufruírem do potencial dos meios de comunicação. Principalmente daqueles que se encontram mais acessíveis no quotidiano. A crescente familiaridade com os media e a liberalização do seu acesso poderão, assim, ser compreendidas como oportunidades para a escola gozar das aprendizagens e práticas informais de professores e alunos para tornar o ensino mais próximo e para promover a aquisição e desenvolvimento de novas competências.Foi adotada uma metodologia de análise mista que contemplou a aplicação de questionários a professores e alunos e a realização de entrevistas com professores. Partindo da análise dos hábitos e práticas criativas com os media de professores e alunos, decorridos no quotidiano e em contexto educativo, procurou-se refletir sobre as condições e predisposições para a introdução dos media em sala de aula, como ferramentas de trabalho que preparam os jovens para participar na sociedade e nas suas comunidades. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que, apesar da existência de uma correlação positiva entre aqueles que usam os media maisfrequentemente no quotidiano e aqueles que os utilizam mais frequentemente em contexto educativo, os usos nos dois contextos são ainda muito díspares. A par disso, professores e alunos reportam hábitos de criação, produção e participação reduzidos, percebendo-se que estes não são os principais intuitos da utilização dos meios no dia-a-dia.
Los eSports: origen, evolución y tendencias
Authors: Martín Muñoz Diego , Pedrero Esteban Luis Miguel
Published: November 2020

Los videojuegos electrónicos o eSports han modificado la naturaleza individual y la dimensión temporal del ocio y entretenimiento a escala global. Con la irrupción de Internet esta variante de los games se ha transformado en un fenómeno social tras alcanzar la categoría de evento deportivo, que siguen en todo el mundo millones de aficionados y genera cuantiosos ingresos para creadores, jugadores y marcas asociadas. En este artículo se describen las principales características de este producto cultural tan icónico del cambio propiciado por el entorno digital contemporáneo, así como los desafíos e incógnitas que plantea su evolución a nivel cultural, tecnológico y económico, sobre todo ante el potencial que sus valores narrativos y comerciales brindan a las industrias de la comunicación.
Fotografia Selfie em festivais: Experiência cultural como dispositivo para a nova imagem urbana
Authors: Nunes Paulo , Maia Ravena
Published: November 2020

O crescimento exponencial da fotografia vem gerando forte impacto na veiculação da imagem cultural das cidades contemporâneas, especialmente quando colocamos em discussão o gênero fotográfico selfie. Este texto tem por intenção discutir a revitalização da imagem urbana pela cultura e o papel ocupado pela fotografia neste processo. Seus usos sociais, tão comuns no cotidiano das redes sociais, têm deslocado a produção da identidade da cidade para o âmbito da experiência. Como este processo vem sendo agenciado significativamente pela cultura, o artigo colocará foco em torno de festivais de música e outras iniciativas do gênero que, de uma forma ou de outra, têm demonstrado evidências importantes para o funcionamento das selfies. A partir da interação entre público e lugar (fotografia e vídeo), criam-se espaços físicos simulados, interferindo na estrutura das cidades em larga medida pela ordem imagética. O dispositivo fotografia-memória-experiência, acionado durante as diversas práticas de consumo cultural urbano, modifica o modo como o sujeito vivencia a cidade e fornece a ela uma retórica imaterial que a reconstrói, ressignificando sua imagem a cada share ou like conquistado nos canais virtuais.
Etnografia de rua e arte urbana em Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil)
Authors: Braz da Silva Camila , Eckert Cornelia , Dubiela Diogo , Barreto Fabrício , Da Silva Rodrigues Felipe , Gómez Guillermo , Calixto Javier , Abalos Júnior José Luís , Baldissera Marielen , Bordin Marina , Rigon Nicole , Simon Roberta , Kubo Rumi , Schönardie Rapkiewicz Yuri , Wobeto Débora , Palhano Leonardo , Dantas Luísa , Tavares Freitas Thayanne
Published: November 2020

A prática da etnografia de rua implica um processo de pesquisa de campo em contextos urbanos para a captação de imagens fotográficas, videográficas e sonoras. Estas práticas etnográficas são desenvolvidas no âmbito de oficinas de antropologia visual com duração de um semestre ou um ano. Apresentamos o resultado da Oficina desenvolvida em 2017 pelos pesquisadores do Núcleo de Antropologia Visual (NAVISUAL) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Esta experiência de pesquisa foi finalizada com a montagem de uma exposição fotográfica no hall da Reitoria da UFRGS de novembro 2017 a janeiro 2018 e um filme intitulado Crônica com Tridente, artista urbano de Porto Alegre.
Black women’s oppositional gaze making images
Authors: Sales Michelle , Muniz Bruno
Published: November 2020

In this article, we consider the audio-visual production carried out by black women in Brazil since the second decade of the 21st century. Our objective is to propose a reflection, adopting an intersectional approach, on how an oppositional gaze creates images that break with racist stereotypes and challenge whiteness (hooks, 1992). We argue that the production of black women in Brazil questions the reproduction of institutional racism and digs deeper into the issue of colonial past. They create a narrative dispute that the oppositional feminine gaze imposes on the film industry.
O Agora de Outrora: o cinema de Silas Tiny
Authors: Dias Branco Sérgio
Published: November 2020

Este artigo analisa a obra do cineasta documental Silas Tiny, nascido em São Tomé e Príncipe, salientando a sua importância no modo como examina criticamente o período do poder colonial português sobre regiões africanas que se libertaram dessa dominação após o 25 de abril de 1974. O argumento principal que emerge da análise das suas duas longa-metragens é o de que o seu cinema documental se constrói a partir de imagens-dialécticas, no sentido que lhe é dado por Walter Benjamin e o seu pensamento crítico. A questão que ocupa Tiny é a da superação da relação temporal entre passado e presente por uma relação dialética entre o que foi (o outrora) e o que é (o agora). Bafatá, na Guiné-Bissau, é filmada pelo realizador em Bafatá Filme Clube (2012) como uma cidade-fantasma, povoada por espectros e aparições de defuntos num local à beira da extinção. O cinema é desta forma assumido como arte espectral que liga o presente ao passado, unindo a memória à ruína. Na obra seguinte, O Canto do Ossobó (2017), Tiny lida com as suas raízes pessoais. É, em simultâneo, um reencontro com São Tomé e um encontro com a sua história — ou talvez seja um encontro com esse lugar e um reencontro com a sua história. Este filme visa descobrir e preservar reminiscências, aquilo que lembra o passado, aquilo que o pode conservar na memória, mas sempre de forma incompleta e indefinida.
Análisis de las políticas públicas agrícolas y la seguridad alimentaria de la provincia de Los Ríos
Authors: Jadán Solís Katty Pilar , Najarro Quintero Rodolfo
Published: November 2020

En el trabajo se aborda el estudio sobre los diferentes problemas relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria en Ecuador, uno de ellos es que se produce alimentos suficientes para satisfacer la demanda interna, tomando en cuenta que a lo largo de esta década el crecimiento de la producción agrícola es de 4,9% lo cual es muy superior al de la población, que su crecimiento se estima de 1,5%. A pesar que el 8,7% de hogares ecuatorianos no cuenta con los medios para tener acceso a una cantidad de alimentos suficientes para cubrir sus necesidades mínimas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las políticas públicas agrícolas encaminadas a garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de la Provincia. En el proceso de investigación se realizó el estudio de las variables de la dimensión económica que caracterizan el contexto de desarrollo territorial, destacando las referidas a la actividad agrícola y con ello las potencialidades locales, recursos y potestades administrativas para la gestión estratégica a este nivel, por lo que se efectuó un estudio correlacional determinando el nivel de especialización de la producción agrícola, analizando los rendimientos productivos existentes en la zona, identificando los factores determinantes de la producción agrícola como elementos de política pública y la proyección estratégica del desarrollo económico del sector.
desarrollo de competencias docentes para el fortalecimiento de la calidad educativa en la enseñanza superior
Authors: González Rodríguez Nadia Aurora
Published: November 2020

La calidad en la educación es fundamental para direccionar los procesos sustantivos de este nivel de enseñanza de gran importancia para la evolución de un país, ya que forma a los futuros profesionales de una nación. Una de las asociaciones que se realizan en cuanto a este término es con la excelencia, lo cual es difícil de lograr, pero no imposible. Por esta razón, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental proponer estrategias metodológicas para el desarrollo de competencias docentes como forma de contribución a la mejora de la calidad educativa en el nivel universitario. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo ya que se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, como forma de procesar la información pertinente en las fuentes de información sobre el problema en relación con la alternativa de solución para la puesta en práctica en Instituciones de Educación Superior. La propuesta presentada asume la experiencia didáctica de la investigadora debido a los favorables resultados prácticos de su aplicación durante el proceso docente, el cual constituye uno de los ejes estratégicos más importantes, en el marco de esta enseñanza.