bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERITROPOITIN FISIOLOGI, ASPEK KLINIK, DAN LABORATORIK
Authors: Notopoero P B
Published: October 2018

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by kidney and functioning as regulator for eryhtropoietic processes. The regulation of erythropoietic processes are stimulation of proliferation, maturation erythroid progenitor cells and prevention of apoptotic process.The balance between dinamic erythropoietic processes and loss of erythrocytes is regulated by homeostatic mechanism. The decrementof EPO production will cause anemia such as anemia in end state renal disease. The development of rHuEPO support the invention ofsensitive and specific immunoassay methods to measure the level of EPO. There are various commercial kit using various immunoassaymethods used to achieve this purpose. The use of rHuEPO gives dramatic impact for the improvement of end state renal disease patients'squality of life. The research for the effect of EPO in the neuron, vascular, and retinous tissue develop the use of EPO for the neurology,cardiology and opthalmology area. This should be followed with the understanding of the patophysiology of EPO effect in the variousorgans. In 1990. the rHuEPO is used to replace the blood transfusion as the blood doping. The various direct and indirect methods candetect the missuse of rHuEPO as doping in the world sport events.
PENYEBARAN GUMPALAN DALAM PEMBULUH DARAH (DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION) AKIBAT RACUN GIGITAN ULAR
Authors: . Prihatini , . Trisnaningsih , . Muchdor , Rachman U N
Published: October 2018

Cases of snake bites were seldom happened in town. From the 2500–3000 world-wide distributed species of snakes, 500 are venomous. The snake produce some toxic substance which is dangerous in men , and could cause morbidity or mortality. It's caused byophitoxaemia, which influence the permeability of capilers with consequence bleeding. There patients must be examined physically, localas well systemic. The laboratoric examinations were based on clinical symptoms, by determination of the snake venom causal and thesequalae in the human body, including coagulopathy, anemia as well as renal failure, etc. The snake venom may cause necrotic tissue offoot and anemia by trombocytopenia.The condition of this victim patient was severre due to his diabetic syndrome. This article presenteda study of snake bite incident on an old man with DIC laboratoric results, following anemia and renal failure which caused his death.
PENINGKATAN AMINOTRANSFERASE SEBAGAI PENANDA CEDERA HATI PADA PENDERITA DEMAM DENGUE
Authors: Sahnaz Madina , Rita Corriejati
Published: October 2018

Dengue infection can give unusual manifestation such as acute liver failure. The increased frequency of this complication in dengueinfection have been reported and have a high mortality. Elevated serum transaminase levels of dengue patients indicate the possibleimpact of dengue virus infection on liver function. The aim of this study was to know the frequency of the increased of aminotransferasein patient with dengue fever. An analysis was made of 67 serologically confirmed dengue cases at Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Thegrade of hepatic aggression was establish according to the alteration in the aminotransferase levels: grade A, have a normal levelsof aminotransferase, grade B have elevated aminotransferase, with increased levels of at least one of the enzymes, grade C elevatedaminotransferase, with the level of at least one of the enzymes increased more than three times the reference value. Among the 67serologically confirmed dengue cases, 7% (n = 5) have a primary dengue infection, 49% (n = 33) have secondary dengue infection,43.3% (n = 29) have a mix infection (secondary and primary infection). 88% (n = 59) have elevated levels of serum aspartataminotransferase (AST) and 68% (n = 46) have elevated level of serum ALT. 67.2% (n = 45) have elevated both AST and ALT. 1.7%(n = 1) presented a normal level of amiotransferase (grade A), 31.3% (n = 21) presented alterations in the aminotransferase (gradeB), 56% (n = 38 ) have elevated aminotransferase more than three times the reference value (grade C). As a conclusion, liver damagewith elevation of aminotransferase was common complication of dengue virus infection.
PARAS INTERLEUKIN-18 PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DAN PERAWAT SEHAT BERISIKOTUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Herawati Sianny , Nugraha J
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which is the second cause of death in the world. Indonesia belongs to the third ranks as themost prevalent tuberculosis country. However the eradication is programmed only to focus on finding the case and treatment of theactive tuberculosis patients. Health care workers are at risk to tuberculosis infection, but there is no examination yet for early detectionactivity of tuberculosis. In order to know the activity of tuberculosis, other examinations are needed such as IL-18 examination. Today, no research about IL-18 is performed yet in Indonesia; therefore this study is performed in order to know the difference of IL-18level in active tuberculosis patients and nurses at risk. This study is to know the difference between IL-18 plasma of active tuberculosispatients and nurses at risk by analysis. A cross sectional, observational analytical study of 8 nurses at risk of tuberculosis and 8 activetuberculosis patients, has been conducted from February up to April 2007, at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and Karang TembokHospital in Surabaya. The diagnosis of active tuberculosis patients was based on positive sputum bacteriological examination, positiveradiology examination and who never had received anti-tuberculosis drugs. Nurses at risk of tuberculosis consisted of those who had beenworking more than 2 years, and was examined by negative bacteriological and radiology examination, TB-dot and positive tuberculinskin test with a diameter – 10 mm. IL-18 examination was done by double antibody sandwich ELISA method (MBL/Medical & BiologicalLaboratories Co.Ltd). IL-18 level in active tuberculosis patients was 491.4–1215.3 pg/ml (mean 794.6 pg/ml, SD 222.6), in nursesat risk of tuberculosis was 88.9–429.0 pg/ml (mean 256.2 pg/ml, SD 137.6). There was a significant difference of IL-18 level amongactive tuberculosis patients and nurses at risk of tuberculosis (p < 0.001); the IL-18 level in active tuberculosis patients was significantlyhigher than in nurses at risk of tuberculosis.
PEMETAAN PERUBAHAN (MUTASI) VIRUS HEPATITIS B
Authors: DA Tonang , AS Rina , Suparyatmo JB
Published: October 2018

Recently, the issue of Hepatitis B Virus (HVB) mutation is becoming a significant point to consider. The mutation might rendersignificant problems as the virus might escape from the detection method, vaccination induced-protection and treatment modalities. Thestudy was to analyze the profile of serological parameters in the HVB infected serum in Surakarta. As many as 36 HBsAg-positive serawere randomly retrieved from the patients in Moewardi Hospital and donors in Blood Bank of Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Surakartaduring August-September 2007. Having analyzed by immunoanalyzer, 13 (36.1%) of 36 sera were HBeAg-positive suggesting an activeinfection and potent of transmission. Interestingly, 3 (8.3%) of 36 sera were Anti-HBs-positive, while the other 5 (13.8%) showeddetected level of Anti-HBs even lower than the cut-off (12 mIU/ml). Accordingly, 22 (61.1%) of 36 serum were Anti-HBe-positive, whileone (2.8%) sera was HBe-Ag-positive as well as Anti-HBe-positive. The data suggested some possibilities: double infection with two ormore subtypes of HBV, mutation resulting in quasi-species phenomenon, or the so-called healthy carrier. More extensive and specificstudies are necessary to confirm and elucidate the profile.
ALBUMIN KREATININ PENDERITA HIPERTENSI HAKIKI (ESENSIAL)
Authors: Wongso T. , LS Dewi , Lubis Z.
Published: October 2018

Increasing of urine albumin excretion in hypertension patient is early sign of renal excretion disorder. Increasing of urine albuminexcretion could not detect with conventional methods, but with more sensitive methods, one of them is examined ratio of urine albuminand urine creatinine (ACR). Knowing ACR rate in essential hypertension. This research was done by cross sectional with consecutivesampling of hypertension patient with JNC VII 2003 criteria. Research used quantitative urine albumin with Albumin Tina QuantMethods draught Immunoturbidinetry. The urine creatinine was analyzed with Jaffe Methods using Roche Hitachi 902. From 25 peopleof hypertension group found ACR < 30 mg/g amount 16 people and ACR rate 30–300 mg/g amount 9 people. Mean while from 22people of non hypertension, all had ACR < 30 mg/g. In this research also found strong correlation between ACR with hypertension,diastolic and systolic blood pressure. It was found that ACR rate of hypertension group was higher than the non hypertension group. Itwas also found a strong relation between ACR with hypertension, systolic and blood diastolic pressure.
DETEKSI ANTI GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXILASE/TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE (ANTI GAD/IA2) PADA PENDERITA DM TIPE 1 ANAK
Authors: Wardhani Puspa , Darmadi S , Faizi M , Harjantien Netty
Published: October 2018

Our study evaluated anti GAD/IA2 levels in Type 1 DM patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. We conducted cross sectionalstudy, involving Type 1 DM patients that already been established (C-Peptide bellow normal). Patient's age range was from 2.8 yearsold to 17 years old, so they were regarded as children. We used anti GAD/IA2 reagents from Euroimmun wich had basic principal EIA.Twelve patients was involved in this study. The average level of anti GAD/IA2 was 210.37 IU/mL. The Average level of anti GAD/IA2was higher in female than male patients (227.38 IU/mL dan 162 IU/mL). All patients had anti GAD/IA2. This examination can beusefull for screenimg one who has high risk in developing type 1A DM, especially first degree relatives.
PROFIL ASAM LAKTAT PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TERKENDALI (KONTROL) DAN TIDAK TERKENDALI (KONTROL)
Authors: Indrayanti Laily , Mulyono Harjo
Published: October 2018

Lactic acid is an intermediate product of carbohydrate metabolism. Increment of plasma lactic acid level usually correlated withaerobic metabolism defect which caused by hypoperfusion or hypoxia, that can be happened in DM (Diabetes Mellitus) patients. DiabetesMellitus is a risk factor of lactic acidosis. Determination of glycated Hb (HbA1c) is a parameter to monitor the blood glucose. The aimof this study is to compare the mean lactic acid level between uncontrolled and controlled DM) patients and their correlation betweenlactic acid and HbA1c level. The research carried out by cross sectional study which was done at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory ofSardjito Hospital between September–October 2007. Inclusion criteria of samples were diabetic patients who had HbA1c examination.Statistical analysis was done by independent t test and Pearson correlation test. Twenty one patients were included in this research.They were divided into two (2) groups, group I are those who had HbA1c â‰¤ 7%, they consist of 10 patients, group II are patients whohad HbA1c â‰¥ 7.1%, they consist 11 patients. The mean of lactic acid of group I was 1.85 mmol/L and group II was 1.74 mmol/L (p = 0.574). There wasn't any significant correlation between HbA1c level and lactic acid. (r = -0.179, p = 0.437). The mean of lacticacid level in uncontrolled DM was lower than the controlled one but not significant, and there was no significant correlation betweenHbA1c level and lactic acid. It is suggested to continue this study but with larger sample to know the correlation between lactic acid andHbA1c in DM patients who had metformin therapy.
PENEMUAN (DETEKSI) ANTIBODI UNTUK ANTIGEN TUBERKULOSIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE IMUNOKROMATOGRAFI DI PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU
Authors: Mulyantari Kadek , . Aryati , Probohoesodo M.Y.
Published: October 2018

The gold standard for TB still has some drawbacks, such as a long duration for culture examination and the rolated facilities are notalways available in all laboratories. One of methods in diagnosing tuberculosis infection is by immunochromatography (ICT). MYCOTECTB xp (recombinant) is one of serologic tests using immunochromatography principle. MYCOTEC TB xp uses recombinant antigens 38kDa, 16 kDa, 6 kDa and Early Secreted Antigen Target (ESAT-6). This method is expected so far diagnose TB in a short time and has ahigh accuracy. Evaluating the immunochromatography method in detecting antibody by tuberculosis antigen in lung TB patients as willthose with nonTB lung disease (lung tumor, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive lungdisease). Serum samples of 30 TBpatients in BP4/Karang Tembok Hospital Surabaya and 30 non TB patients in the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Detection of antibodyto tuberculosis antigen was done with MYCOTEC TB xp. In this study found is prond 30 TB patients using MYCOTEC TB xp was positivein 23 samples and negative in 7 samples. From the 30 nonTB patients MYCOTEC TB xp was positive in 4 samples and negative in 26samples. It can be uncloaded so far that the diagnostic sensitivity of MYCOTEC TB xp was 76.7% (23/30) and diagnostic specificity was86.7% (26/30). MYCOTEC TB xp has an intermediate diagnostic sensitivity of 76.7% and a high diagnostic specificity of 86.7%.
MEMBANGUN SENDIRI SISTEM INFORMASI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Sucahyo Yogi , . Supri , . Prihatini
Published: October 2018

LIS (Laboratory Information System) include software, hardware and brain ware. It could accepted the laboratoryinformation's,analyze and organize the activity clinical laboratory The laboratory information system confirm laboratory's businessfrom input and output process According this Semen Gresik Hospital was increase the quality of clinical laboratory information. TheLIS needs computers as workstations, instrument interface server, as well as laboratory automation systems. The recorded ID barcodelabels used for patients identification as well as for administration and labeling the samples. The samples were process (analyses) andthe results were printout. LIS will decrease the patients' turn around time as well as the praeanalytic errors. The self-building of LIS ischeaper than the laboratory instruments bought including.
UKURAN KALSIUM ION DALAM SERUM TOTAL KALSIUM (CALSIUM TOTAL) MENGGUNAKAN BERBAGAI ALAT SWA-ANALISIS (AUTO ANALYSER)
Authors: Nugraha J. , M Viany S Carolina , B. S. Soehartini
Published: October 2018

Calcium measurements in the emergency laboratory use several instruments. Nova pHox Plus (group A) measures ionized calciumwhereas Beckman Synchron CX5 (group B) and Cobas Integra (group C) measures total calcium. Comparison of the results from the threeauto analysers has never been performed. To compare calcium results using three auto analyzers are Nova pHox Plus, Beckman SynchronCX5, and Cobas Integra. Samples consisting of whole blood were examined by Nova pHox Plus auto analyser and serum samples wereexamined using Beckman Synchron CX5 and Cobas Integra auto analyser. This study has been carried out on 21 individuals. Statisticalanalysis was performed using T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of significance was determined as 0.05. Results of thethree auto analysers did not show significant correlation (P > 0.05). There were not significant correlation between Nova pHox Plusand Beckman CX5, Cobas Integra.
PENENTUAN KADAR LIPOPROTEIN RAPATAN TINGGI (HIGH DENSITY) DENGAN DUA PEREAKSI (REAGEN) BERBEDA MENGGUNAKAN HITACHI 902
Authors: Hutagalung I. , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Reagent selection is one of the factors that could influence the quality of laboratory results. The use of open system tools gives thepossibility to choose the best reagents, including the reagent for high density lipoprotein (HDL) determination. The aim of this studywas to compare HDL level determination using two different reagents measured by Hitachi 902. A cross sectional study was done fromJanuary to February 2007 in Ratulangi Medical Centre Laboratory, Makassar. From 47 samples we found that the mean HDL levelusing Daichi reagent was 50.47 mg/dl ranging from 45.99 mg/dl to 54.94 mg/dl and the mean using Roche reagent was 56.23 mg/dlranging from 50.93 mg/dl to 61.53 mg/dl with p = 0.098, and Pearson Correlation was 0.900 with p = 0.000. There was no significantdifference between HDL level measured by Hitachi 902 using Daichi and Roche reagents.
DISFUNGSI TIROID, ANTIBODI PEROKSIDASE DAN HORMON PERANGSANGNYA
Authors: Lembar Stefanus , Hartono Benny
Published: October 2018

Hypothyroid in the pregnancy particularly in first trimester can influence the development of brain and neurophysiologic system infoetus. The diagnose approach of hypothyroid with laboratory evaluation which measure AntiTPO, TSH, and FT4 is the recommendedchoice. Full attention should be paid towards the treatment and management of hypothyroid in the pregnancy in order to avoid anybad complication.
ANALISIS TES IMUNOKROMATOGRAFI DAN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY UNTUK MENDETEKSI Helicobacter pylori DI PASIEN DISPEPSIA
Authors: Hutagalung I , Bahrun Uleng , Arif Mansyur , Amirudin Rifai , Akil HAM
Published: October 2018

Many methods are available to diagnose Helicobacter pylori in patients with dyspepsia, including Enzyme-Linked ImmunosorbantAssay (ELISA) and recently used is immnochromatography test. Both of the test are non invasive method, but immunochromatographytest can be used in laboratory without semi automatic analyzer. The aim of this study was to compare the immunochromatographyand ELISA tests in detecting the possibility of Helicobacter pylori infection. A cross sectional study was done among 49 sampleswith dyspepsia at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital of Makassar and Prodia Laboratory from March to August 2008. Samples wereanalyzed with SPSS 14 for Windows Program using Chi Square and Spearman correlation tests. Among 49 samples we found ELISAand immunochromatography tests were positive in 5 samples, ELISA and immunochromatography tests were negative in 33 samples,ELISA tests were borderline and immunochromatography tests were positive in 5 samples, and ELISA tests were borderline andimmunochromatography tests were negative in 6 samples. There was a good correlation between ELISA and immunochromatographytest with R = 1.000 and p = 0.000. Both results of the immunochromatography and ELISA tests showed high conformity. Both methodcan be applied to diagnose Helicobacter pylori in patients with dyspepsia. Immunochromatography test can be an alternative methodin laboratories who do not apply semi automatic analyzer. The advantages of immunochromatography test can be used for diagnoseearly infection of Helicobacter pylori.
ELEKTROFORESIS PROTEIN SERUM PASIEN DENGAN KADAR PROTEIN NORMAL
Authors: Rostini Tiene , Rita Coriejati
Published: October 2018

Serum protein electrophoresis pattern can assist in diagnosis of liver disease, hematological disorders, renal disorders andgastrointestinal disease. Measurement of total protein level in the serum cannot detect any disorders in patient with normal limit ofserum total protein level. The aim of this study; was to evaluate the serum protein electrophoresis pattern in patient with normal limitsof serum protein level. This research was carried out by descriptive retrospective study using the electrophoresis data from patients'medical record at the Clinical Pathology Department, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The data of serum electrophoresis (bySebia gel electrophoresis) were grouped based on disease or disorders, and confirmed with the diagnosis derived from patient's medicalrecord. Inclusion criteria of samples if ; the electrophoresis data were available, serum total protein level within normal limits (6.4–8.3mg/dL), and the data of electrophoresis taken from medical record were taken from August 2006 until August 2008. The result foundso far was, there were 240 data of electrophoresis from patients with serum protein level within normal limits (6.4–8.3 mg/dL). theinterpretation of electrophoresis consist of: 1) inflammation (149 patients; 62.2% ; sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 86,5%) 2) Cirrhosis(46 patients ; 19.2% ; sensitivity 87.5% ; specificity 88.4%) 3) Nephritic syndrome (15 patients ; 6.2%; sensitivity 53%; specificity96.9% 4) Monoclonal gammophaty (15 patients(6.2% ; sensitivity 80% ; specificity 98.7%) 5) Normal pattern in 15 patient (6.2%).This study found abnormal serum protein electrophoresis pattern in the condition of inflammation, Cirrhosis, Nephritic Syndrome, andMonoclonal gammophaty. It can be concluded that many disorders could be detected in patient with serum protein level within normallimits such as: inflammation, cirrhosis, nephritis syndrome and monoclonal gammophaty by abnormal electrophoresis pattern
PENERIMA ASAM RETINOID a (a RETINOID ACID RECEPTOR) DI LEUKEMIA AKUT PROMYELOSITIK DENGAN BATANGAN (ROD) AUER
Authors: Aman Adi K , . Tonny
Published: October 2018

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subtype of AML with a defined clinical course and biology that is distinct from otherforms of AML. The term M3-AML was assigned to the hyper granular promyelocytic leukaemia that is characterized by blast cells withazurophilic granules, bundles of auer rods and reniform or bilobed nucleus. Clinically, APL is related to disseminate intravascularcoagulation and abnormal fibrinolysis. Cytogenetically, APL may cause translocation on the promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene,and chromosome 15 and with the retinoic acid receptor Î± (RARA) gene, on chromosome 17. The diagnosis of APL is shown by bonemarrow morphologically The majority of cells in the bone marrow are abnormal, having some similarities with promyelocytes. Themalignant cells bear numerous large granules and several auer rods. Aspirates of bone marrow are also taken for cytogenesis evaluationand for detecting the translocation. A twelve years girl was admitted to the hospital with haemorrhage from the gums during 5 dayafter extraction of a tooth. On physical examination there is no organomegaly shown. The laboratory examination found normocyticnormochromic anaemia, leucopoenia and thrombocytopenia with 15% blast cell and 5% promyelocytes with multiple auer rods. Thebone marrow aspirates showed predominant of promyelocyte cells (70%) with multiple auer rods.
PERBANDINGAN ANTARA KADAR KALIUM SERUM DENGAN ATAU TANPA TERAPI INSULIN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Syamsudduha Andi , Sembiring S. V , Pakasi R DN
Published: October 2018

Diabetic patients can suffer from hipokalemia because of prolonged osmotic diuretic and management diabetic mellitus with insulinif does not associate with kalium intake. The aimed of this study was to evaluate kalium serum level on type 2 DM, and comparisonof kalium serum level on type 2 DM patients with or without insulin therapy. A cross-sectional study was done on 33 patiens type 2diabetic mellitus that admission on Stella Maris Hospital who examined kalium serum level. The data were colected from Medical Recordperiode January to December 2007. Data were analyzed with Fisher Exact test using SPSS versi 11.5. From 33 samples found normalkalium level 9 samples (27.3%) and decreased 6 samples (18.2%) and without insulin therapy found decresed 3 samples (9.1%) andnormal Kalium level 15 samples (45.5%). Comparison of Kalium serum level of type 2 DM patiens with or without insulin therapydid not statistically significant with P = 0.135. Kalium serum level of type 2 DM patiens with or without insulin therapy commonly inreference value.
PERBANDINGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN ANTARA METODE SPECTROPHOTOMETER DENGAN METODE HEMOCUE PADA SAMPEL LEUKOSITOSIS
Authors: Andriyoko Basti , Lismayanti Leni , Prihatni Delita
Published: October 2018

Background and objective: The measurement of haemoglobin was carried out by using hematology analyzer with specthrophotometermethod which measured light absorbance at 540 nm. However, this measurement affected by increase turbidity as a result of leucocytosis.The turbidity can be eliminated by using HemoCue method that detect absorbance at 570 nm and 880 nm. The aim of this study wasto compare the measurement of haemoglobin obtained between specthrophotometer method and HemoCue method. Materials andmethod: Blood EDTA sample that have been measured with MEK-6318K Nihon Kohden hematology analyzer for haemoglobin levelswith spectrophotometer methods with leucocyte > 100.000/mm3 were included in this study. Blood sample are measured again forthe haemoglobin level with HemoCue B-Haemoglobin Analyzer. This study was conducted at Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dr. HasanSadikin Hospital Bandung from August–October 2008. Result: Seventeen leucocytosis sample were enroled in this study. The meanhaemoglobin level from specthrophotometer method is higher than HemoCue method, however there was no statistically significantdifference between haemoglobin result from specthrophotometer method and HemoCue method (p = 0.742 > a = 0.05). Conclusion:There was no significant difference beetween specthrophotometer method and HemoCue method for haemoglobin measurement ofleucocytosis sample.
PENGUKURAN DAN APLIKASI KLINIK THROMBIN ACTIVATABLE FIBRINOLYSIS INHIBITOR
Authors: Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Cross regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis plays an important role in preserving a balanced hemostatic process. These process are exquisitely regulated and protect the organism from excessive blood loss or excessive fibrin deposition. Identification of ThrombinActivatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis and one of the main intermediates between coagulation andfibrinolysis, greatly improved our understanding of cross regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. As TAFI is an enzyme that is activatedby thrombin generated by the coagulation system, its activation is sensitive to the dynamics of the coagulation system. This review willdiscuss the role of TAFI and characterize it with respect to its activation, regulation, and clinical application.
AKURASI TES BACTIDENT AMINOPEPTIDA SE UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI GRAM NEGATIF
Authors: Tongko Ramla , Esa Tenri , . Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

The information about Gram stain of a bactery can help the clinicians to choose good antimicrobial therapy because many of antimicrobial drugs have activity to positive or negative Gram bacterial selective. So it needed to have a method to early identificationGram stain of bactery, which can be faster, cheaper and more practice. Identification of Gram stain we can do with BactidentBactident aminopeptidase test, Gram stain test and culture test. The aimed of this study is to know the accuracy of bactident aminopeptidase test, Gram stain test and culture test. The aimed of this study is to know the accuracy of bactident aminopeptidase test with culture test in identify Gram negative bactery. A diagnostic test was done among 60 samples (pus and sputum) at Sub UnitInfection Disease Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo public Hospital of Makasar from March to July 2008. Bactident aminopeptidase test, Gramstain test and culture test were done to each sample. The data was analysed with 2 í— 2 table. Accuracy of Bactident aminopeptidaseBactident aminopeptidase test on culture test were high sensitivity 61.11%, specificity 100.00%, positive predivtive value (PPV) 100.00% and negative predictivevalue (NPV) 63.16%. Sensitivity of Bactident aminopeptidase test on culture test were lower than sensitivity of Gram stain test onBactident aminopeptidase test on culture test were lower than sensitivity of Gram stain test on test on culture test were lower than sensitivity of Gram stain test on culture test (61.11% vs 83.33%). Specificity of Bactident aminopeptidase test on culture test were higher than specificity of Gram stainBactident aminopeptidase test on culture test were higher than specificity of Gram stain test on culture test were higher than specificity of Gram stain test on culture test (100.00% vs 79.19%). Accuracy of Bactident aminopeptidase test on Gram stain and culture test is high enough,Bactident aminopeptidase test on Gram stain and culture test is high enough, test on Gram stain and culture test is high enough, it can lead us conclude that Bactident aminopeptidase test can be usefull to the clinician for using the antimicrobial before culture testBactident aminopeptidase test can be usefull to the clinician for using the antimicrobial before culture test test can be usefull to the clinician for using the antimicrobial before culture test was provided.
, DALAM KEADAAN (STATUS) IMUNOLOGIS DAN KLINIS PENGOBATAN ANTIRETROVIRAL PENDERITA HIV/AIDS CD38 LIMFOSIT CD8 + , TAMPANG (PROFIL) CD4 +
Authors: Puspitawati Ira , Intansari Umi S.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe relationship between immune activation and pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is unproven. It has been hypothesized that state that HIV-induced activation enhances the magnitude of HIV replication other study shown that viralreplication impaired immune activation. One of the best immune activation marker is CD38 expression on CD8because it has thestrongest significant prognostic markers. It was previously shown that increased CD8+ T-cell activation has predictive value for diseaseprogression but the relation is still controversial. One hypothesis state that HIV-induced activation enhances the magnitude of HIVreplication, other said that viral replication impaired immune activation. To know the profile of immunology and clinical state of HIV/AIDS patients by determining the CD38 molecule expression on CD8+ profiles and clinical state.Crosssectonal, observasional study was done. Twenty nine HIV/AIDS patients who routinely had medical check up and having routine +cells as an activation marker, CD4+antiretroviral therapy at Sardjito hospital and 8 healthy people as normal controls were involved in this study. The count of CD4 +cells counts had significantnegative correlation with WHO stage (p = 0.012). Expression of CD38 molecule on CD8absolute counts and expression of CD38 molecule on CD8 cells were measured using flowcytometry. The CD4+cells of HIV/AIDS patients were highercompared to normal controls, 209.29 ± 76.56, 109.61 + 32.29 respectively (p < 0.05). That expression was not correlated with CD4 + +counts and CD4incrementafter therapy was statistically significant (p = 0.003). The CD4+increment. It might be caused by the time of measurement was not at the begining of diseases. The CD4 + count was negatively correlated with the WHO stage. Expression ofCD38 molecule on CD8+ cells of HIV/AIDS patients were significantly higher compared to normal controls but it wasn't correlated withthe CD4++ number and CD4+increment after therapy.
EOSINOFIL PASCA MENGEROK MUKOSA HIDUNG DAN PEMERIKSAAN DARAH RUTIN DI RINITIS ALERGI
Authors: Muin Rima Yuliati , Muhadi Darwati , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Diagnostic of rhinitis allergy was based on anamnesis, physical examinations. Examine including anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscope, skin test and laboratory assay of nasal cytology, eosinofil count in the blood. Eosinofil mucosal nasal brushing assay andeosinofil routine hematology can be used as other examination to diagnose rhinitis allergy and to evaluate therapy response. The aimof the study was to know the correlation between eosinofil level on mucosal nasal brushing and routine hematology in suspect allergyrhinitis. The study used cross sectional methods, and was done among 37 suspected Rhinitis Allergy patients in the Clinical PathologyLaboratory, and the Clinic of Ears, Nose and Throat at Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital Makasar, during the period of March - August2008. Eosinofil mucosal nasal brushing assay used Hansel stain and routine hematology assay used automatic blood cell counter Sysmex1800i. The data were analyzed with Pearson Correlation test using SPSS for Windows version 12,0. In the results were found from the37 samples by a correlation test the mean eosinofil level of mucosal nasal brushing. In men was 12.9/HPF and in women was 5/HPF.While eosinofil in routine hematology in men was 1595/µl and in women was 551/µl, with p < 0.000 and r = 0.930. The conclusionso far from this study that the correlation of eosinofil count between mucosal nasal brushing and hematology routine in those patients suspect rhinitis allergy was very strong. So this test can be used as an alternative examination to diagnose rhinitis allergy.
HASIL HITUNG NORMOBLAS ANTARA SEDIAAN HAPUSAN DARAH TEPI PENDERITA AML DENGAN ALL
Authors: . Hidayat , Dewi Nina Susana , Dalimoenthe Nadjwa Zamalek
Published: October 2018

Normoblast is an immature form of erythrocyte in erythropoietin system. Normally, normoblast can be found in peripheral blood healthy neonates. The existence of normoblast in peripheral blood might be the sign of pathologic conditions such as hemolytic anemia,acute blood loss, and ischemia and bone marrows abnormalities like malignancy or leukemia. In acute leukemia (Acute MyeloblasticLeukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia), normoblast existence in peripheral blood may due to erythropoietin system suppression.The aim of this study is to compare normoblast count between AML and ALL, and also to find out the correlation between leukocyte andnormoblast count in AML and ALL. The subject of this study were patient diagnosed as AML (30) and ALL (30) in Hematology Divisionof Clinical Pathology Department at Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung in July 2006–August 2008. In this study we examined 30peripheral blood smears from AML and 30 peripheral blood smears from ALL. Leukocyte count result was derived from CBC performedwith Sysmex KX-21. The mean value of normoblast count from AML blood smear patients is 1930.60 (3.60/100 WBC) while ALL bloodsmear patients is 309.60 (0.43/100 WBC). Statistically this difference is significant (p < 0.001). There are strong correlation betweenleukocyte count and normoblast count within both group (r = 0.851, r = 0.948; p < 0.001).
KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM PENDERITA STROK ISKEMIK DAN STROK HEMORAGIK
Authors: Halil Fasni , Darmawaty ER Hj. , DN Pakasi Ruland
Published: October 2018

To differentiate the ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke with the most accurate method can be carried out by Computerized Tomography(CT) scan. However, because the restrictor on access and cost, not all patients could gain the advantage of CT scan. Examination ofalbumin is a quick and easy test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum albumin level in patient suffering ischemic andhemorrhagic stroke. A cross sectional study of 60 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients was performed at the Neurologic Departmentof Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, from March up to August 2008. Albumin – levels was measured using the colorimetricBCG method, using the Cobas Integra 400 Autoanalyser. The data were than analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software and t test. Among the60 samples of the ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were found mean values of serum albumin level is 3.38 ± 0.120 and hemorrhagicstroke is 3.51 ± 0.0938 with p value is 0.495. There were no significantly different between the serum albumin level of the ischemicand hemorrhagic stroke patients.
RAGAM BERBAGAI PERBENIHAN BAKTERI TERKAIT KERENTANANNYA TERHADAP ANEKA JENIS ANTIBIOTIKA
Authors: M Viany S Carolina , Aryati Aryati
Published: October 2018

Infection is the major public health problem in Indonesia which could increase its morbidity and mortality. The antibiotics treatmentwhich were given irrationally leads to bacteria susceptibility and worsen the problem. One of the efforts to manage the bacteriasusceptibility the physician has to know the bacterial pattern and its characteristic to resist various antibiotics. The information maycontribute as a reference to give antibiotic therapy in a rational manner. To know the bacterial susceptibility pattern against variousantibiotics a study was carried out using specimens derived from several hospitals which referred them to a private laboratory inSurabaya. The specimens consisted of blood, urine and sputum were referred during September 2007 up to July 2008. The identificationof the bacteria and it‘s susceptibility pattern were carried out by a conventional method and an auto analyzer (Vitek 2 Compact). Theantibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by conventional method using Kirby Bauer modifiied diffusion technique and Vitec 2 Compactusing MIC reference. The results showed that the most common bacteria found from blood was Escherichia coli which was still sensitiveto amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, and cefepim. And from the urine was Escherichia coli which were still sensitive to meropenemfollowed by amikacin and gentamycin. Whereas from the sputum was found Streptococcus Î± haemolyticus which was still sensitive toamoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin tazobactam, linezolid. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility test is mostly dominated bythe Betalactam group, such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and carbapenem group like meropenem. Besides of that, in this study wasalso found multiple drug resistance organisms (MDRO), such as Escherichia coli ESBL, Enterobacter liquefaciens ESBL, Enterobacteragglomerans ESBL, Klebsiella ozaenae ESBL, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. The susceptibility pattern of the bacteria derived fromblood and sputum is dominated by gram positive cocci. Whereas from urine is dominated by Gram negative rods.
KINETIKA FAKTOR VON WILLEBRAND DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE ORANG DEWASA
Authors: El Khair Riat , Sukorini Usi
Published: October 2018

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a problem in Indonesia. It is a syndrome that in most severe form may threaten the patient'slife, primarily through increased vascular permeability due to endothelial dysfunction leading to shock. Von Willebrand factor (vWf) is ablood glycoprotein involved in haemostasis and present in the blood plasma. The vWf is reported as one of dysfunction endothelial marker.However, there is limited information about the kinetics and contribution of vWf in the pathogenesis of DHF in adult patients. In thisstudy, a serial level of vWf was measured as kinetic of plasma vWf. It is expected that, the evidence based medicine will give contributionin the management of DHF patients. Also, in the future a study will be conducted especially about the prediction of shock to know thekinetic of plasma von Willebrand factor in adult dengue haemorrhagic fever patients. A cross-sectional repeated–measurement study wasconducted from October 2007 up to January 2008 in the Department of Clinical Pathology at the Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta.Subjects who met the eligible criteria were selected i.e. adult patients hospitalized in the Department of Internal Medicine diagnosed asDHF based on WHO criteria and antibody anti-dengue detection. Serial measurement of plasma vWf was determined on days five (5),seven (7) and 15 using enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) principle. The resulting data was shown graphically and the differencein levels of vWf among the three groups of time was analyzed by Friedman's test. The study results showed an increase of vWf on dayfive /5 (218.48 %), followed by 187.08 % on day seven (7). Interestingly, there was a sharp increase of vWf on day 15 (233.80 %). Inaddition, there were statistically significant different levels of vWf among those three groups (p = 0.00) in adult dengue haemorrhagicfever patients with the von Willebrand kinetic factor showing a fluctuation pattern. There is an increased level of vWf on the fifth (5)day but a decrease on the seventh (7) day. However, there is a sharp increase in the convalescence phase.
DIAGNOSIS MOLEKUL DAN APLIKASI DALAM PENGOBATAN HEPATITIS B & C
Authors: Aryati Aryati
Published: October 2018

In the whole world, up to now hepatitis B and C virus are still the main causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis until hepatocellularcarcinoma. Most diagnosis is based on a serological examination such as the determination of antigen and antibody, for exampleHbsAg, HbeAg and anti HCV. Recently, for hepatitis C examination, HCV core antigen is used for the detection of HCV infection duringthe window period, chronic C hepatitis and for treatment monitoring. At present, serological assays are not sufficient to confirm thediagnosis of hepatitis B and C due to mutations of false negative HbsAg or HbeAg results. Occult hepatitis B can occur with a negativeresult of HbsAg, which cause difficulties in confirming the diagnosis and treatment as well. The success of treatment can be influencedof both hepatitis B and hepatitis C that have genotypes. By using molecular examination, such as determination of HBV-DNA and HCVRNA,it is expected that the problem of serological determination can be overcome. Molecular examination is not only useful for just thediagnosis confirmation, such as for active phase and replicative determination. This sequence is also very useful as a data base prior tothe treatment of hepatitis B and hepatitis C as well as for their following success result.
SD DENGUE DUO® (NS1, IgG, IgM) RAPID TEST DALAM MENUNJANG DIAGNOSIS INFEKSI VIRUS DENGUE
Authors: Puspita Rini Diah , Aryati Aryati
Published: October 2018

Dengue virus infection can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which is still a major health problem in Indonesia. Thediagnosis of DHF is established based on WHO criteria and IgM/IgG antidengue serologic markers. A rapid method is needed for thedetecting or screening the disease. Antigen detection (NS1) can be performed by immunochromatography (rapid test) or enzyme -linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recently, a rapid test to detect NS1 as an antigen and IgM/IgG antidengue to differentiate primary andsecondary dengue virus infection is available in one cassette. This study evaluated the new commercial dengue rapid test, SD DengueDuo for the detection of both antigen and antibodies to dengue virus. Serum samples used in this study were collected from 33 denguevirus infection patients according to WHO criteria and admitted in the Tropical Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Samples were taken twice,during acute and convalescent phase. SD Dengue Duo (NS1, IgG, IgM) rapid test was used and confirmed by ELISA as the gold standard.To determine the diagnostic specificity 20 samples of non dengue virus infection (typhoid fever and malaria) confirmed by laboratorytests were used. In the acute phase, SD Dengue Duo (NS1, IgG, IgM) rapid test showed IgG sensitivity 94.7% (18/19), specificity 92.9%(13/14), IgM sensitivity 85% (17/20), specificity 100% (13/13), NS1 sensitivity 50% (10/20), specificity 100% (13/13). In theconvalescent phase, SD Dengue Duo (NS1, IgG, IgM) rapid test showed antidengue IgG sensitivity 96.3% (26/27), specificity 66.7%(4/6), IgM sensitivity 95% (22/23), specificity 80% (8/10), NS1 sensitivity 42.9% (3/7), specificity 100% (26/26). To establish thediagnosis of dengue virus infection, not only NS1, but also antidengue IgM/IgG is needed. SD Dengue Duo containing dengue NS1 antigencombined with IgG/IgM test in one cassette is a rapid, practical and has a high validity diagnostic result.
ANALISIS BAHAN BAKU AIR MINUM DAN PRODUK OLAHANNYA SERTA ELIMINASI TERHADAP PENCEMARAN HORMON STEROID DAN LOGAM BERAT
Authors: Mahaputra L. , Zadjuli SI , Ansori M. , . Prihatin , . Sugianto , . Ismudiono , Callo H
Published: October 2018

Steroid hormone and alloy could contaminate the drinking water which danger to human, because make bad side effect on the health. Steroid hormon may cause diseases ie. malignancy particularly of gen mutation and and heavy alloy may cause discrepancies oforgan among others: lever, kidneys, brain and the others. The objective of this research was to identify quantitatively either steroid sexhormones or heavy metal contaminants in drinking water. The water examination of PDAM, household and mineral water was doneby ELISA method to steroid hormones in Laboratory of veterinary obstetric and endocrine UNAIR .The alloy were analyzed by Atomicabsorption method in Dept. Of Chemistry in ITS laboratory. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic show that all kinds of drinkingwater samples were not contaminated neither heavy metal such as Cd and Pb nor male sex hormone. But unfortunately contaminationof heavy metal mainly cuprum (Cu) spread it out for all kind of drinking water and its product so then the highest contamination foundin dig-land-water was 87%. The other hand more frequent female sex hormone contaminated drinking water there was estrogen and secondly followed with progesterone hormone. Examination of contaminant steroid hormone in drinking water, water supply of PDAM, Vendors water and mineral water didn't contaminate with alloy (Cd and Pb) ,also they didn't contaminate with testoteron hormonehowever almost water reservoir and more over dig-land-water of Mamuju Regency contaminated with Cu more than 0.02 ppm
KADAR PENGHAMBAT PENGURAIAN FIBRIN OLEH TROMBIN YANG TERGIATKAN (THROMBIN ACTIVATABLE FIBRINOLYSIS INHIBITOR) DI PASIEN KEGEMUKAN DENGAN DAN TANPA DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Arif Mansyur , Meinard Ichwani , Agustiani Winni
Published: October 2018

Obesity will cause the development of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction through fat metabolism hormones and cytokines products. The metabolic disorders is hallmarked by the decrease of insulin function and will cause disorders of coagulation andfibrinolysis. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a newly found glycoprotein that has a role in the balance of coagulationand fibrinolytic process. The aim of this study was to analyze the TAFI level in obese subjects with and without diabetes mellitus. A crosssectional study was carried out by collecting data from TAFI level measurements at Prodia Clinical Laboratory Jakarta and Makassarduring January-March 2008. The data was analyzed using t test with SPSS version 12.0. From 80 samples that match with the criteria,was found in four (4) diabetes mellitus patients and 76 subjects without diabetes mellitus. The mean TAFI level in obese subjects withdiabetes mellitus was 7.67 ug/ml and in obese subjects without diabetes mellitus was 8.10 ug/ml. The result of t test showed p = 0.58.There was no significant difference between TAFI level in obese subjects with and without diabetes mellitus.
PERAN ANTIGEN NS1 DENGUE TERHADAP PENGHITUNGAN TROMBOSIT DAN PENAMPAKAN (MANIFESTASI) KLINIS PENJANGKITAN/PENULARAN (INFEKSI) VIRUS DENGUE
Authors: Nugraha J , Widijatmoko T.E
Published: October 2018

Dengue virus infection has become the major health problem in Indonesia. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a part of dengue virus infection. 95% of this disease commonly affects children less than 15 years. However, in the last five years the incidence of DHF hasalso increased in adults. In 2008, the case fatality rate of DHF was 0.99% in East Java and 0.47% in Surabaya. The diagnosis of DHFis based on the 1997 WHO criteria. Thrombocytopenia is a haematological abnormality occurring in DHF. There is a hypothesis aboutthe role of non-structural 1 antigen (NS1 antigen) during initial virus replication leading to immunological reaction manifestationin thrombocytopenia. To analyze the role of NS1 antigen dengue to platelet count and clinical manifestations to know the degree ofdengue virus infection. This study used a cross-sectional design. The samples are comprised of 52 patients with dengue fever anddengue haemorrhagic fever grade I until III hospitalized at Tropical Disease Ward, Dr.Soetomo Hospital, and Surabaya. Data wereanalyzed using Mann-Whitney test, t-two sample test (p = 0.05). The result of this study using Mann-Whitney test show no difference between NS1 antigen dengue with the clinical manifestations in dengue virus infection (p = 0.882). Analysis using t-two sample test showed a significant difference between NS1 antigen dengue positive and NS1 antigen dengue negative with a change in platelet count (p = 0.006). Although, the test showed no significant difference between NS1 antigen dengue and the platelet count in dengue virusinfection (p = 0.062). There were found no significant association between NS1 dengue antigen with platelet count and clinicalmanifestations in dengue virus infection.