bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binaphthalene-based cyclic homochiral ureas and their structure-related properties
Authors: Holakovský Roman , Just David , Eigner Václav , Jakubec Martin , Cuřínová Petra
Published: March 2023

The direct connection of S-1,1′-binaphthalene with the urea moiety results in strained cyclic structures. Regardless of the conformational mobility, the 2+2 structure proved to be a chiral solvating agent for naproxen enantiomers.
A new sensing platform based on a ternary nanocomposite of graphitic carbon nitride–silver sulfide–nickel molybdate for quercetin determination
Authors: Valiyeva Khadija , Bas Salih Zeki , Atacan Keziban , Sarilmaz Adem , Ozel Faruk , Ozmen Mustafa
Published: March 2023

In this study, how to prepare a ternary nanocomposite consisting of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets, silver sulfide nanocrystals, and nickel molybdate nanorods is presented. The sensing ability of this composite to detect quercetin is also examined.
Ultrafine platinum nanoparticles anchored in porous aromatic frameworks for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Shulin , Xiao Yang , Yan Han , Yang Yuting , Tian Yuyang , Jing Xiaofei , Zhu Guangshan
Published: March 2023

Ultrafine platinum nanoparticles are anchored in a novel phosphine-based porous aromatic framework via in situ preparation and post-synthesis strategies and successfully applied as highly efficient electrochemical catalysts.
Crown ether salt-doped ladder-type conducting polymers for air-stable n-type thermoelectric materials
Authors: Yura Ryoto , Kumagai Shohei , Adachi Kiyohiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Okamoto Toshihiro , Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2023

Supramolecular doping with potassium hydroxide-crown ether complexes is applied for the demonstration of air-stable n-type organic thermoelectric materials.
Fine-tuning of ultrathin carbon shells coated on metal nanoparticles: carbon etching and defect healing effects
Authors: Min Jiho , Ko Keonwoo , Kim Yunjin , Roy Chowdhury Sreya , Jeffery A. Anto , Chougule Sourabh S. , Jung Namgee
Published: March 2023

The microstructure of ultrathin carbon shells coated on metal nanoparticles is effectively regulated by carbon etching and defect healing effects depending on annealing gas atmospheres.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective versatile indole derivatization: delivering potential of rare β-(1H-indol-2-yl)-β-amino acids in one pot
Authors: Zhang Shuaizhong , Zhang Jinquan , Zou Hongbin
Published: March 2023

Rh-catalyzed selective C–H functionalization of indoles with two routes was developed: an alkenylation–annulation with the addition of KHSO4 and alkenylation–elimination in the presence of CsOAc to the corresponding products, respectively.
A new strategy: realization of organic heteroepitaxy and organic alloys based on the similarity of CC and NN
Authors: Guan Shaoqing , Zhao Guixia , Sun Yichen , Tang Zhenxun , Pan Jiahong , Wang Jianjun , Ji Zhuoyu , Wang Xiangke
Published: March 2023

The similarity of NN and CC in trans-4,4′-azobis(pyridine) and trans-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene offers an innovative approach for creating controllable and versatile organic heterostructure and organic alloy.
Correlation of the spin state and catalytic property of M–N4single-atom catalysts in oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Zhang Wei , Pan Jin-kong , Yu Yi-fan , Zhang Xian-jie , Wang Jia-hao , Chen Wen-xian , Zhuang Gui-lin
Published: March 2023

The spin state of M–N4single-atom catalysts was found to impact their catalytic properties for oxygen reduction reactions.
Marangoni-vs.buoyancy-driven flows: competition for spatio-temporal oscillations in A + B → C systems
Authors: Bigaj Adam , Budroni Marcello A. , Escala Darío Martín , Rongy Laurence
Published: March 2023

The competition between chemically induced Marangoni-driven and buoyancy-driven flows is at the core of a new mechanism through which autonomous chemical oscillations can arise for simpleA+B→Creactions.
Correction: High-throughput computational screening of hypothetical metal–organic frameworks with open copper sites for CO2/H2 separation
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Cai Weiquan , Wang Chao , Wu Xuanjun
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘High-throughput computational screening of hypothetical metal–organic frameworks with open copper sites for CO2/H2 separation’ by Mengmeng Li et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 18764–18776, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP01139E.
One-pot acid–base catalysed tandem reactions using a bimodal N, S-doped cubic mesoporous carbon
Authors: Veisi Hamzeh H. , Akbari Maryam , Karimi Babak , Vali Hojatollah , Luque Rafael
Published: March 2023

A novel bifunctional acid–base ordered mesoporous carbon was designed and succesfully employed in tandem acid-base catalyzed reactions.
A water-promoted catalytic hydrodecarboxylation of conjugated carboxylic acids under open air conditions at room temperature
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yong , Yang Ting , Wang Kai-Kai , Liu Dong-Fang , Ma Xueji , Wang Nan , Liu Hong , Sun Aili , Liu Hongxin
Published: March 2023

The first example of organocatalyzed ionic hydrodecarboxylation of conjugated carboxylic acids has been developed under open air conditions at room temperature.
Metal-free photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer assisted C(sp3)–H thioarylation
Authors: Grover Jagrit , Prakash Gaurav , Teja Chitrala , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Maiti Debabrata
Published: March 2023

A mild metal-free approach for C(sp3)–H thioarylation of organic building blocks.
Electrochemical electrophilic bromination/spirocyclization of N-benzyl-acrylamides to brominated 2-azaspiro[4.5]decanes
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Hou Zhong-Wei , Chen Hao , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: March 2023

An electrochemical electrophilic bromination/spirocyclization of N-benzyl-acrylamides to brominated 2-azaspiro[4.5]decanes with 2-bromoethan-1-ol as the brominating reagent has been developed.
Temporal sorting of microdroplets can identify productivity differences of itaconic acid from libraries of Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Bowman Emily K. , Nguyen Hoang Phuong T. , Gordillo Sierra Angela R. , Vieira Nogueira Karoline M. , Alper Hal S.
Published: March 2023

Temporal screening of microdroplets allows for isolation of differential production phenotypes.
N-coordinated Ru(ii) catalyzed solvent freeN-alkylation of primary amines with alcohols through borrowing hydrogen strategy
Authors: Patel Bhavya , Ranjan Rishi , Chauhan Nimesh R. , Mukhopadhyay Suman , Choudhury Angshuman Roy , Vyas Komal M.
Published: March 2023

The catalytic efficacy of N-coordinated Ru(ii)-complexes has been examined forN-alkylation of amines in a benign and solvent-free conditions. Electron deficient [Ru-1] led to superior catalytic conversion due to Metal Ligand Cooperation.
Copper-enhanced fluorescence: a novel platform for the sensing of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Ganguly Mainak
Published: March 2023

The small molecule salicylaldehyde was used to sense hydrogen peroxide using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Additive-free reductive hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids catalyzed by inexpensive simple nickel(ii) compounds
Authors: Lama Óscar M. F. , Roa Diego A. , Arévalo Alma , García Juventino J.
Published: March 2023

Using Ni(AcO)2·4H2O as a catalytic precursor and PhSiH3, a simple and efficient catalytic system was synthesized for reducing FAs with high conversion under relatively mild conditions.
Output‐feedback stochastic model predictive control of chance‐constrained nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Ohtsuka Toshiyuki
Published: March 2023

This study covers the output‐feedback model predictive control (MPC) of nonlinear systems subjected to stochastic disturbances and state chance constraints. The stochastic optimal control problem is solved in a stochastic dynamic programming fashion, and the output‐feedback control is performed with the extended Kalman filter. The information state is summarized as a dynamic Gaussian belief model. Thus, the stochastic Bellman equation is transformed into a deterministic equation using this model. The resulting constrained Bellman equation is solved using the proposed constrained, approximate dynamic programming algorithm. The algorithm is proved to have a Q‐superlinear local convergence rate. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can attain good control performance and reasonable chance‐constraint satisfaction and is computationally efficient owing to its dynamic programming structure.
Compact diplexer with high isolation based on mixed‐mode triangular substrate integrated waveguide cavities
Authors: Deng Senshen , Xu Feng , Zheng Zichao
Published: March 2023

A novel compact diplexer based on mixed‐mode isosceles right triangular (IRT) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities is presented. A dual‐mode IRT SIW junction cavity is direct‐coupled with two single‐mode IRT SIW cavities for lower and upper channels, respectively. The diplexer has two third‐order filtering channels, centred at 16 and 18.3 GHz with 400 and 422 MHz bandwidths. The in‐band measured return and insertion losses are 19 dB/1.3 dB in the lower band and 17 dB/1.36 dB in the upper band. Due to the orthogonality of TE102 and TE201 modes in dual‐mode IRT SIW cavity, high isolation (>45 dB) between two channels is obtained. Besides, the proposed diplexer based on the triangular SIW cavity also has advantages of low cost and easy integration with other planar circuits.
Quantum privacy‐preserving service for secure lane change in vehicular networks
Authors: Rahmani Zeinab , Barbosa Luis S. , Pinto Armando N.
Published: March 2023

Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) enables multiple parties to cooperate securely without compromising their privacy. SMC has the potential to offer solutions for privacy obstacles in vehicular networks. However, classical SMC implementations suffer from efficiency and security challenges. To address this problem, two quantum communication technologies, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Oblivious Key Distribution were utilised. These technologies supply symmetric and oblivious keys respectively, allowing fast and secure inter‐vehicular communications. These quantum technologies are integrated with the Faster Malicious Arithmetic Secure Computation with Oblivious Transfer (MASCOT) protocol to form a Quantum Secure Multiparty Computation (QSMC) platform. A lane change service is implemented in which vehicles broadcast private information about their intention to exit the highway. The proposed QSMC approach provides unconditional security even against quantum computer attacks. Moreover, the communication cost of the quantum approach for the lane change use case has decreased by 97% when compared to the classical implementation. However, the computation cost has increased by 42%. For open space scenarios, the reduction in communication cost is especially important, because it conserves bandwidth in the free‐space radio channel, outweighing the increase in computation cost.
Whole system radar modelling: Simulation and validation
Authors: Kannanthara Jithin , Griffiths Darren , Jahangir Mohammed , Jones Jonathan M. , Baker Chris J. , Antoniou Michail , Bell Colin J. , White Henry , Bongs Kai , Singh Yeshpal
Published: March 2023

The ever‐expanding horizon of radar applications demands solutions with high‐end radar functionalities and technologies and is often limited by the available radar equipment, cost and time. A practical method to tackle the situation is to rely on the modelling and simulation of radar systems based on the user requirements. The comprehensive system‐level modelling of a pulsed Doppler radar in MATLAB/Simulink consisting of all the fundamental blocks in the transmit chain, the environment, the receive chain, and the data processing chain is presented in this article. The first half of the article discusses the high‐fidelity simulation of each building block in the radar model. In the second half of the article, the range‐Doppler plot generated from the high‐fidelity radar model is compared and validated using the range‐Doppler plot from a real radar trial. The radar phase noise plays a crucial role in the detection of slowly moving, low radar cross‐section targets in the presence of strong clutter. The article also briefly discusses the effects of radar oscillator phase noise in the range‐Doppler plot. The validated, fully flexible radar model has the advantage of supporting the addition of further building blocks and optimising the parameters based on user requirements.
Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with modulated photonic crystals enabling 2D beam scanning and various beam pattern emission
Authors: Sakata Ryoichi , Ishizaki Kenji , De Zoysa Menaka , Kitamura Kyoko , Inoue Takuya , Gelleta John , Noda Susumu
Published: March 2023

Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) with modulated photonic crystals have attracted much attention for their unrivaled capabilities, such as broad area coherent resonance, and lens-free beam scanning and flash illumination. In this paper, we first explain the principles and the development of PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals toward non-mechanical two-dimensional (2D) beam-scanning applications. Then, we show PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals, whose modulation is designed based on an inverse Fourier transform to enable the emission of various beam patterns, such as flash patterns and multi-dot patterns, from a single photonic crystal without using external optical elements. This demonstration underscores the flexibility of PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals as compact, highly functional light sources for a wide range of applications, including not only beam-scanning-type, flash-type, and multidot-type light detection and ranging but also advanced object recognition and adaptive illumination.
A photonic integrated chip platform for interlayer exciton valley routing
Authors: Kumar Mandal Kishor , Gupta Yashika , Kumar Brijesh , Sohoni Mandar , Venu Gopal Achanta , Kumar Anshuman
Published: March 2023

Interlayer excitons in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures show suppressed electron–hole overlap resulting in longer radiative lifetimes as compared to intralayer excitons. Such tightly bound interlayer excitons are relevant for important optoelectronic applications, including light storage and quantum communication. Their optical accessibility is, however, limited due to their out-of-plane transition dipole moment. In this work, we design a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible photonic integrated chip platform for enhanced near-field coupling of these interlayer excitons with the whispering gallery modes of a microresonator, exploiting the high confinement of light in a small modal volume and high-quality factor of the system. Our platform allows for highly selective emission routing via engineering an asymmetric light transmission that facilitates efficient readout and channeling of the excitonic valley state from such systems.
Two-step nucleation in a binary mixture of patchy particles
Authors: Beneduce Camilla , E. P. Pinto Diogo , Šulc Petr , Sciortino Francesco , Russo John
Published: March 2023

Nucleation in systems with a metastable liquid–gas critical point is the prototypical example of a two-step nucleation process in which the appearance of the critical nucleus is preceded by the formation of a liquid-like density fluctuation. So far, the majority of studies on colloidal and protein crystallization have focused on one-component systems, and we are lacking a clear description of two-step nucleation processes in multicomponent systems, where critical fluctuations involve coupled density and concentration inhomogeneities. Here, we examine the nucleation process of a binary mixture of patchy particles designed to nucleate into a diamond lattice. By combining Gibbs-ensemble simulations and direct nucleation simulations over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions, we are able to pin down the role of the liquid–gas metastable phase diagram on the nucleation process. In particular, we show that the strongest enhancement of crystallization occurs at an azeotropic point with the same stoichiometric composition of the crystal.
The chemical ecology of coumarins and phenazines affects iron acquisition by pseudomonads
Authors: McRose Darcy L. , Li Jinyang , Newman Dianne K.
Published: March 2023

Secondary metabolites are important facilitators of plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, contributing to communication, competition, and nutrient acquisition. However, at first glance, the rhizosphere seems full of metabolites with overlapping functions, and we have a limited understanding of basic principles governing metabolite use. Increasing access to the essential nutrient iron is one important, but seemingly redundant role performed by both plant and microbial Redox-Active Metabolites (RAMs). We used coumarins, RAMs made by the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
, and phenazines, RAMs made by soil-dwelling pseudomonads, to ask whether plant and microbial RAMs might each have distinct functions under different environmental conditions. We show that variations in oxygen and pH lead to predictable differences in the capacity of coumarins vs phenazines to increase the growth of iron-limited pseudomonads and that these effects depend on whether pseudomonads are grown on glucose, succinate, or pyruvate: carbon sources commonly found in root exudates. Our results are explained by the chemical reactivities of these metabolites and the redox state of phenazines as altered by microbial metabolism. This work shows that variations in the chemical microenvironment can profoundly affect secondary metabolite function and suggests plants may tune the utility of microbial secondary metabolites by altering the carbon released in root exudates. Together, these findings suggest that RAM diversity may be less overwhelming when viewed through a chemical ecological lens: Distinct molecules can be expected to be more or less important to certain ecosystem functions, such as iron acquisition, depending on the local chemical microenvironments in which they reside.
Precursor-mediated in situ growth of hierarchical N-doped graphene nanofibers confining nickel single atoms for CO
2
electroreduction
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Youzeng , Wang Maoyu , Chen Shan , Yao Meng , Chen Jialei , Liao Xuelong , Zhang Yiwen , Lu Xuan , Matios Edward , Luo Jianmin , Zhang Wei , Feng Zhenxing , Dong Jichen , Liu Yunqi , Li Weiyang
Published: March 2023

Despite the various strategies for achieving metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) with different microenvironments for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO
2
RR), the synthesis–structure–performance correlation remains elusive due to the lack of well-controlled synthetic approaches. Here, we employed Ni nanoparticles as starting materials for the direct synthesis of nickel (Ni) SACs in one spot through harvesting the interaction between metallic Ni and N atoms in the precursor during the chemical vapor deposition growth of hierarchical N-doped graphene fibers. By combining with first-principle calculations, we found that the Ni-N configuration is closely correlated to the N contents in the precursor, in which the acetonitrile with a high N/C ratio favors the formation of Ni-N
3
, while the pyridine with a low N/C ratio is more likely to promote the evolution of Ni-N
2
. Moreover, we revealed that the presence of N favors the formation of H-terminated edge of sp
2
carbon and consequently leads to the formation of graphene fibers consisting of vertically stacked graphene flakes, instead of the traditional growth of carbon nanotubes on Ni nanoparticles. With a high capability in balancing the *COOH formation and *CO desorption, the as-prepared hierarchical N-doped graphene nanofibers with Ni-N
3
sites exhibit a superior CO
2
RR performance compared to that with Ni-N
2
and Ni-N
4
ones.
Structural insights into plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP): Implications for vascular endothelial diaphragms and fenestrae
Authors: Chang Tao-Hsin , Hsieh Fu-Lien , Gu Xiaowu , Smallwood Philip M. , Kavran Jennifer M. , Gabelli Sandra B. , Nathans Jeremy
Published: March 2023

In many organs, small openings across capillary endothelial cells (ECs) allow the diffusion of low–molecular weight compounds and small proteins between the blood and tissue spaces. These openings contain a diaphragm composed of radially arranged fibers, and current evidence suggests that a single-span type II transmembrane protein, plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PLVAP), constitutes these fibers. Here, we present the three-dimensional crystal structure of an 89-amino acid segment of the PLVAP extracellular domain (ECD) and show that it adopts a parallel dimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil configuration with five interchain disulfide bonds. The structure was solved using single-wavelength anomalous diffraction from sulfur-containing residues (sulfur SAD) to generate phase information. Biochemical and circular dichroism (CD) experiments show that a second PLVAP ECD segment also has a parallel dimeric alpha-helical configuration—presumably a coiled coil—held together with interchain disulfide bonds. Overall, ~2/3 of the ~390 amino acids within the PLVAP ECD adopt a helical configuration, as determined by CD. We also determined the sequence and epitope of MECA-32, an anti-PLVAP antibody. Taken together, these data lend strong support to the model of capillary diaphragms formulated by Tse and Stan in which approximately ten PLVAP dimers are arranged within each 60- to 80-nm-diameter opening like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. Passage of molecules through the wedge-shaped pores is presumably determined both by the length of PLVAP—i.e., the long dimension of the pore—and by the chemical properties of amino acid side chains and N-linked glycans on the solvent-accessible faces of PLVAP.
Returning to a new normal
Authors: Heinzmann Sybille , Hilbe Robert , Bleichenbacher Lukas , Ehrsam Kristina
Published: March 2023

This article presents a comparative case study analysis of two mobility students who, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, had to terminate their stay abroad early and return home after seven and eleven weeks, respectively. The study aims to shed light on the impact of the outbreak of the pandemic on students’ social contacts and their re-adaptation back home, drawing on interview and questionnaire data. The interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and suggest that, while the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful experience for both students, which impacted the social contacts they entertained and their re-adaptation at home, the two students’ experiences also differed in many ways. We argue that these differences may be attributable to the social contacts the students maintained prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, the goals associated with the stay abroad, and the students’ coping strategies.
Understanding, collecting, and presenting data in New Englishes research
Authors: Neuhausen Miriam
Published: March 2023

Against the background of my fieldwork in an isolated Old Order Mennonite community averse to secular norms and values, I suggest ethnographic fieldwork is key to understanding, collecting, and presenting New Englishes data. Before entering the field, researchers must begin to question principles that work in Western urban societies but may play out differently in lesser-studied communities. An understanding of the sociolinguistic realities in the community under investigation paves the way for the discovery of new social variables, access to speakers, and the accomplishment of meaningful research. I illustrate these benefits mainly in reference to the Labovian sociolinguistic interview. Finally, the paper argues that researchers need to ensure that their representation of the community is in line with the community’s interests.
Complicating the field
Authors: Heyd Theresa
Published: March 2023

In this contribution, I explore the growing role of digital communication for the study of World Englishes and specifically the potential of digital ethnography as a methodological framework. I outline basic principles and traditions of digital ethnography and point out continuities between the importance of traditional, on-the-ground fieldwork for World Englishes, and consequences of more complex and fuzzy notions of the digital field. I give a closer examination of applications of digital ethnography by pointing to three case studies in different global settings. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the research ethics gap in digital ethnography and initial suggestions for ethical grounding of digital ethnography approaches in World Englishes.
Endothelial depletion of Atg7 triggers astrocyte–microvascular disassociation at blood–brain barrier
Authors: Liu Hui , Wei Jia-Yi , Li Yuan , Ban Meng , Sun Qi , Wang Hui-Jie , Zhao Dan , Tong Pai-Ge , Wang Li , Wang Kang-Ji , Yue Jin-Li , Zhang Hong-Yan , Fang Wen-Gang , Liu Dong-Xin , Shang De-Shu , Li Bo , Jin Ya-Ping , Cao Liu , Zhao Wei-Dong , Chen Yu-Hua
Published: March 2023

Microvascular basement membrane (BM) plays a pivotal role in the interactions of astrocyte with endothelium to maintain the blood–brain barrier (BBB) homeostasis; however, the significance and precise regulation of the endothelial cell–derived BM component in the BBB remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that conditional knockout of Atg7 in endothelial cells (Atg7-ECKO) leads to astrocyte–microvascular disassociation in the brain. Our results reveal astrocytic endfeet detachment from microvessels and BBB leakage in Atg7-ECKO mice. Furthermore, we find that the absence of endothelial Atg7 downregulates the expression of fibronectin, a major BM component of the BBB, causing significantly reduced coverage of astrocytes along cerebral microvessels. We reveal Atg7 triggers the expression of endothelial fibronectin via regulating PKA activity to affect the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. These results suggest that Atg7-regulated endothelial fibronectin production is required for astrocytes adhesion to microvascular wall for maintaining the BBB homeostasis. Thus, endothelial Atg7 plays an essential role in astrocyte–endothelium interactions to maintain the BBB integrity.
Controllable coexistence of threshold and non-volatile crosspoint memory for highly linear synaptic device applications
Authors: Pal Parthasarathi , Singh Amit , Wang Yeong-Her
Published: March 2023

A highly reliable and versatile resistive memory device that demonstrates threshold and non-volatile memory (NVM) switching behaviour depending on the compliance current (CC) modulation was utilised by doping a semiconducting (Si) material into a high-k (HfO
x
) film with highly linear synaptic behaviour. The device shifted towards volatile switching at a CC less than 1 µA and exhibited NVM behaviour at a CC limit above 10 µA. A 3-bit/cell data storage capability on RESET voltage modulation was implemented for high-density memory application. The device exhibited excellent programming linearity of potentiation/depression responses up to 10 000 pulses compatible with fast pulse (100 ns) with good I
ON/I
OFF ratio (>103), stable data retention capability (105 s) at 85 °C and high WRITE endurance (∼107 cycles) with a pulse width of 200 ns. The neuromorphic applications were successfully emulated through neural network simulations using the experimentally calibrated data of the Si-doped HfO
x
resistive cross-point devices. Simulation results revealed a low nonlinearity of 0.03 with 98.08% pattern recognition accuracy. The estimated results revealed the potential of the device as a low-power selector and high-density NVM storage in large-scale crossbar array in future neuromorphic computing applications.
Evidence of multi-band superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric full Heusler alloy LuPd2Sn
Authors: Yadav Kavita , Mukherjee K
Published: March 2023

In this work, evidence of multi-band superconductivity and presence of mixed parity states in full Heusler alloy LuPd2Sn is investigated using the x-ray diffraction, temperature and field dependent resistivity, temperature dependent magnetization, and heat capacity measurements. Our studies reveal that LuPd2Sn is a type II superconductor and undergoes superconducting transition below 2.5 K. Above 2.5 K, the temperature and field dependence of resistivity indicate to the presence of multiple bands and inter-band phonon assisted scattering. The upper critical field, H
C2 (T) exhibits linear behaviour and deviates from Werthamer, Helfand and Hohenberg model over the measured temperature range. Additionally, the Kadowaki–Woods ratio plot supports the unconventional superconductivity in this alloy. Moreover, a significant deviation from the s-wave behaviour is noted, which is studied using phases fluctuation analysis. It indicates the presence of spin triplet along with spin singlet component arising due to antisymmetric spin orbit coupling.
Correlation between charge density wave phase transition and hydrogen adsorption in 1T-TaS2 thin film devices
Authors: Ishiguro Yasushi , Suzuki Rintaro , Yangzhou Zhao , Kodama Naoko , Takai Kazuyuki
Published: March 2023

Thin films of tantalum disulfide in the 1T-polytype structural phase (1T-TaS2), a type of metallic two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are reactive to H2. Interestingly, in the incommensurate charge-density wave (ICCDW) phase with a metallic state, the electrical resistance of the 1T-TaS2 thin film decreases when H2 is adsorbed on it and returns to its initial value upon desorption. In contrast, the electrical resistance of the film in the nearly commensurate CDW (NCCDW) phase, which has a subtle band overlap or a small bandgap, does not change upon H2 adsorption/desorption. This difference in H2 reactivity is a result of differences in the electronic structure of the two 1T-TaS2 phases, namely, the ICCDW and NCCDW phases. Compared to other semiconductor 2D-TMDs such as MoS2 and WS2, the metallic TaS2 has been theoretically proven to capture gas molecules more easily because Ta has a stronger positive charge than Mo or W. Our experimental results provide evidence of this. Notably, this study is the first example of H2 sensing using 1T-TaS2 thin films and demonstrates the possibility of controlling the reactivity of the sensors to the gas by changing the electronic structure via CDW phase transitions.
Non-Abelian hierarchies of compatible maps, associated integrable difference systems and Yang-Baxter maps
Authors: Kassotakis Pavlos
Published: March 2023

We present two non-equivalent families of hierarchies of non-Abelian compatible maps and we provide their Lax pair formulation. These maps are associated with families of hierarchies of non-Abelian Yang-Baxter maps, which we provide explicitly. In addition, these hierarchies correspond to integrable difference systems with variables defined on edges of an elementary cell of the

Z

2

graph, that in turn lead to hierarchies of difference systems with variables defined on vertices of the same cell. In that respect we obtain the non-Abelian lattice-modified Gel’fand-Dikii hierarchy, together with the explicit form of a non-Abelian hierarchy that we refer to as the lattice-NQC (or lattice-

(
Q
3

)
0

) Gel’fand-Dikii hierarchy.
Deep learning based synthetic CT from cone beam CT generation for abdominal paediatric radiotherapy
Authors: Szmul Adam , Taylor Sabrina , Lim Pei , Cantwell Jessica , Moreira Isabel , Zhang Ying , D’Souza Derek , Moinuddin Syed , Gaze Mark N. , Gains Jennifer , Veiga Catarina
Published: March 2023

Objective. Adaptive radiotherapy workflows require images with the quality of computed tomography (CT) for re-calculation and re-optimisation of radiation doses. In this work we aim to improve the quality of on-board cone beam CT (CBCT) images for dose calculation using deep learning. Approach. We propose a novel framework for CBCT-to-CT synthesis using cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (cycleGANs). The framework was tailored for paediatric abdominal patients, a challenging application due to the inter-fractional variability in bowel filling and small patient numbers. We introduced to the networks the concept of global residuals only learning and modified the cycleGAN loss function to explicitly promote structural consistency between source and synthetic images. Finally, to compensate for the anatomical variability and address the difficulties in collecting large datasets in the paediatric population, we applied a smart 2D slice selection based on the common field-of-view (abdomen) to our imaging dataset. This acted as a weakly paired data approach that allowed us to take advantage of scans from patients treated for a variety of malignancies (thoracic-abdominal-pelvic) for training purposes. We first optimised the proposed framework and benchmarked its performance on a development dataset. Later, a comprehensive quantitative evaluation was performed on an unseen dataset, which included calculating global image similarity metrics, segmentation-based measures and proton therapy-specific metrics. Main results. We found improved performance for our proposed method, compared to a baseline cycleGAN implementation, on image-similarity metrics such as Mean Absolute Error calculated for a matched virtual CT (55.0 ± 16.6 HU proposed versus 58.9 ± 16.8 HU baseline). There was also a higher level of structural agreement for gastrointestinal gas between source and synthetic images measured using the dice similarity coefficient (0.872 ± 0.053 proposed versus 0.846 ± 0.052 baseline). Differences found in water-equivalent thickness metrics were also smaller for our method (3.3 ± 2.4% proposed versus 3.7 ± 2.8% baseline). Significance. Our findings indicate that our innovations to the cycleGAN framework improved the quality and structure consistency of the synthetic CTs generated.
Intra-brain vascular models within the ICRP mesh-type adult reference phantoms for applications to internal dosimetry
Authors: Correa-Alfonso Camilo M , Withrow Julia D , Domal Sean J , President Bonnie N , Dawson Robert J , McCullum Lucas , Beekman Chris , Grassberger Clemens , Paganetti Harald , Bolch Wesley E
Published: March 2023

Objective. Phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection provide a framework for standardized dosimetry. The modeling of internal blood vessels—essential to tracking circulating blood cells exposed during external beam radiotherapy and to account for radiopharmaceutical decays while still in blood circulation—is, however, limited to the major inter-organ arteries and veins. Intra-organ blood is accounted for only through the assignment of a homogeneous mixture of parenchyma and blood [single-region (SR) organs]. Our goal was to develop explicit dual-region (DR) models of intra-organ blood vasculature of the adult male brain (AMB) and adult female brain (AFB). Approach. A total of 4000 vessels were created amongst 26 vascular trees. The AMB and AFB models were then tetrahedralized for coupling to the PHITS radiation transport code. Absorbed fractions were computed for monoenergetic alpha particles, electrons, positrons, and photons for both decay sites within the blood vessels and for tissues outside these vessels. Radionuclide S-values were computed for 22 and 10 radionuclides commonly employed in radiopharmaceutical therapy and nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging, respectively. Main results. For radionuclide decays, values of S(brain tissue ← brain blood) assessed in the traditional manner (SR) were higher than those computed using our DR models by factors of 1.92, 1.49, and 1.57 for therapeutic alpha-emitters, beta-emitters, and Auger electron-emitters, respectively in the AFB and by factors of 1.65, 1.37, and 1.42 for these same radionuclide categories in the AMB. Corresponding ratios of SR and DR values of S(brain tissue ← brain blood) were 1.34 (AFB) and 1.26 (AMB) for four SPECT radionuclides, and were 1.32 (AFB) and 1.24 (AMB) for six common PET radionuclides. Significance. The methodology employed in this study can be explored in other organs of the body for proper accounting of blood self-dose for that fraction of the radiopharmaceutical still in general circulation.
Overview over the neutral gas pressures in Wendelstein 7-X during divertor operation under boronized wall conditions
Authors: Haak V , Bozhenkov S A , Feng Y , Kharwandikar A , Kremeyer T , Naujoks D , Perseo V , Schlisio G , Wenzel U
Published: March 2023

During the first test divertor campaign of the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X (Pedersen et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 042022), OP1.2b, 13 neutral gas pressure gauges collected data in different locations in the plasma vessel, enabling a detailed analysis of the neutral gas pressures, the compression ratios and the particle exhaust rates via the turbomolecular pumps in the different magnetic field configurations. In Wendelstein 7-X, the edge magnetic islands are intersected by the divertor target plates and used to create a plasma-wall interface. As the number and position of the magnetic islands varies in different magnetic field configurations, the position of the strike line on the target plates and thus the neutral gas pressure in the subdivertor differs between the configurations. Neutral gas pressures on the order of few 10−4 mbar were measured in the subdivertor region. The highest neutral gas pressure of

1.75
×

10

−
3

mbar was obtained in the so-called high iota configuration featuring four edge magnetic islands per cross section. The neutral particle flux through the pumping gaps into the subdivertor volume was provided by EMC3-EIRENE simulations and allowed to analyze the relation between the particle flux entering the subdivertor and the pressure distribution in the subdivertor. Finite element simulations in ANSYS provide a detailed picture of the pressure distribution in the subdivertor volume and agree with the neutral gas pressure measurements in the subdivertor in the standard configuration featuring an island chain of 5 edge magnetic islands. Surprisingly high neutral gas pressures that were not predicted by the simulation were measured in the subdivertor region away from the main strike line for discharges in the most used magnetic configuration, the standard configuration. While the pressure ratio between the two sections of the subdivertor volume, the low and high iota section is 0.06 in high iota configuration, a ratio of 2–5 was obtained in the other configurations, indicating significant particle loads and exhaust rates on the high iota section of the subdivertor in magnetic configurations with the main strike line on the low iota divertor targets.
Collisional-radiative simulation of impurity assimilation, radiative collapse and MHD dynamics after ITER shattered pellet injection
Authors: Hu D. , Nardon E. , Artola F.J. , Lehnen M. , Bonfiglio D. , Hoelzl M. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Lee S.-J.
Published: March 2023

Recent studies suggest significant time delay between the Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) fragment arrival and the temperature radiative collapse could exist in ITER, depending on the impurity assimilation and the plasma thermal reservoir. Hence in some cases the fragments could reach the core even before the edge radiative collapse occurs and triggers strong stochastic transport. This could be beneficial for heat load mitigation and hot-tail runaway electron suppression. To investigate the expected assimilation and radiation, thus the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) response after SPIs in 3D, we carry out simulations of collisional–radiative impurity mixed SPIs into ITER L-mode equilibrium. Localized cooling around the fragments is found to cause current perturbations which destabilize MHD modes. Meanwhile, slower injections are found to result in stronger and more complete radiative collapse, thus stronger MHD amplitude. Due to theq = 1 surface enclosing a significant volume, the1/1resistive kink mode is shown to couple with outer modes to bring global stochasticity and convective core density mixing, although a transport barrier outside of theq = 1 surface prevents immediate temperature relaxation over the whole plasma. The impact of various physical assumptions and numerical treatments, such as the use of the flux-averaged ambient plasma parameters for ablation calculation, the exclusion of the magnetic constraining effect in ablation, the localization of the density source and the use of constant parallel thermal conduction instead of the Braginskii one and different injection velocities are also investigated. In general, stronger and more localized ablation results in stronger radiation, faster radiative collapse and a more violent MHD response, while the assimilation changes little due to a self-regulation effect.
Alcohol use and drinking patterns in Swedish 85 year olds born three decades apart – findings from the Gothenburg H70 study
Authors: Falk Erhag Hanna , Ahlner Felicia , Wetterberg Hanna , Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine , Skoog Ingmar
Published: March 2023

Background

Little is known about alcohol consumption among the oldest old.

Objective

To compare alcohol use and drinking patterns among 85 year olds born three decades apart.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies.

Subjects

About 1,160 85 year olds born in 1901–02, 1923–24, and 1930.

Methods

Self-reported questions about alcohol included how often study participants drank beer, wine, and spirits and how many centilitres in total/week. Risk consumption was defined as ≥100 g alcohol/week. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to explore cohort characteristics, differences in proportions, factors associated with risk consumption and 3-year mortality.

Results

The proportion of at-risk drinkers increased from 4.3 to 14.9% (9.6–24.7% in men and 2.1–9.0% in women). The proportion of abstainers decreased from 27.7 to 12.9%, with the largest decrease observed among women (29.3–14.1%). Controlling for sex, education and marital status, 85 year olds in the later-born cohorts were more likely to be risk consumers than those in the earlier-born cohort [odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% confidence nterval (CI) 1.8–5.6]. The only factor associated with an increased likelihood was male sex (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.0–12.7 and OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0–5.1). There were no associations between risk consumption of alcohol and 3-year mortality in any of the cohorts.

Conclusion

Alcohol consumption and the number of risk consumers among 85 year olds have increased considerably. This could have large public health consequences since older adults are more sensitive to alcohol’s adverse health effects. Our findings show the importance of detecting risk drinkers also in the oldest old.
A Neuropsychological Battery for the Evaluation of Dementia Among Mandarin-Speaking Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Qi Wei (Gabriel) , Hong Yue , Sun Xiaoning , Stinson Jennifer M , York Michele K , McCauley Stephen , Strutt Adriana M
Published: March 2023

Objective

Asians of Chinese origin are the largest single Asian origin group in the United States and are also the third largest group in Harris County, TX (i.e., the Houston metropolitan area). Mandarin speakers constitute the majority of the group. The linguistic gaps between Chinese (Mandarin) and English make it essential to use appropriate tests and normative data when working with the Mandarin-speaking population. Although it is ideal to develop original tests and/or normative data for Mandarin-speaking patients residing in the United States, the process can be lengthy. Although these indigenous tests are being developed, a neuropsychological battery with tests validated in Mandarin-speaking regions (e.g., Mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore) can provide valuable information for Mandarin-speaking patients who identify with their home culture/country/region.

Methods

A systematic review of two electronic databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) was conducted.

Results

A neuropsychological battery to assess cognitive domains, including global intellectual function, attention/processing speed, executive function, visuospatial/visuoconstruction, language, learning and memory, and emotion, was developed. Cognitive screeners and performance validity measures were also included. The battery consists of core and supplementary measures validated in the Mandarin-speaking population. A case illustration is provided.

Conclusion

Strengths and limitations of the battery and the role of interpretation in service delivery are discussed. The battery is recommended to clinicians for the evaluation of Mandarin-speaking older adults residing in the United States and other non-Mandarin-speaking regions where local norms are not available.
Cultivating a Relevant Supervisory Space: Culturally Expressive and Responsive Model for Supervision in Neuropsychology
Authors: Stinson Jennifer M , MacDonald Beatriz , Strutt Adriana M
Published: March 2023

Objective

Provision of supervision is an integral component of training in psychology, a view that was solidified in 2014 with the development of the American Psychological Association created Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology ( APA, 2014). Current supervisory standards require several components before a relationship is considered supervisory. Among these are assumptions that the supervisory relationship is respectful and collaborative, that feedback is bidirectional, and that it focuses on the development of competency and professional identity by the supervisee. Although clinical and counseling psychology has created supervision models with a variety of different theoretical orientations focused on multiculturalism, neuropsychology as a specialty lacks cohesive, culture-centric, bidirectional supervisory models.

Method

A systematic review of two electronic databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) was conducted to search for supervision models designed specifically for training in neuropsychology.

Results

A new model for supervision in neuropsychology was developed, coined the Culturally Expressive and Responsive (CER) Model for Supervision in Neuropsychology. The model is dynamic, multifaceted, and bidirectional, integrating sociocultural and linguistic considerations throughout the supervisory relationship.

Conclusions

The different facets of the CER Model are discussed, including its place embedded within a larger equitable healthcare model designed to increase healthcare equity. The CER Model highlights the bidirectional supervisory relationship and is designed to be tailored to the developmental level of the learner, encouraging high quality training and evidenced-based practice. Furthermore, the model encourages a process of identity development that is ongoing and emphasizes self-evaluation and cultural humility rather than a static sense of “competence.”