bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverted Indexing for Information Retrieval from Motifs and Domains of Proteins
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India., Pant* Kumud , Pant Bhasker ,   Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India., Verma Devvret ,   Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India., Sharma Promila ,   Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India., Tripathi Vikas ,   Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India.
Published: January 2020

The recent advancement in technologies are generating huge amount of data and extracting information from it is being outpaced by data accumulation. The development of hybrid approaches by combining different algorithms for extraction of required from the stock-pile of data is a demand of the hour. One such algorithm is vector space model for inverted indexing that has been used traditionally for search engine indexing in computers. In bioinformatics also it has been used for assembly of DNA fragments generated after sequencing. But it has not been applied for retrieval of relevant protein sequence to the query, based on presence or absence of motifs and domains in it. In this paper the concept of inverted indexing has been applied on small motif/domain data of proteins contained in Motivated Proteins database at http://motif.gla.ac.uk/motif/index.html. The index has been built using 17 small hydrogen bonded motifs present in a dataset of 430 proteins. The entire dataset of 430 proteins has been divided into 19 classes. Seven classes’ example cyanovirin, antibiotic and concavalin etc. had very few instances (1 or 2), hence have been omitted from further studies. Rest 12 classes with more than 10 proteins were considered further for testing information retrieval (IR) strategy. The document vector of all the proteins belonging to one class was averaged and 12 queries with averaged vector were prepared for testing. The similarity coefficient (SC) was then compared between query and all the proteins of the dataset. This approach could successfully classify the query as belonging to the class from which it derived. To further validate the importance of document vector as novel attribute for classification, entire dataset of document vector was clustered to ten (10) clusters. Testing was then performed with similarity coefficient (SC) of the query with clusters obtained above. The allocation of cluster to the 12 query sequences followed the same pattern as done with relevant document search using inverted indexing approach. But clustering allocated the queries to only four (4) classes. Maximum number of query proteins (7 proteins or 58%) were found belonging to cluster 5.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS OF TYPE2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH
DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Gupta Somedeb
Published: January 2020

To evaluate severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. This was a cross sectional study of 159
eyes of 80 patients aged above 40 years, diagnosed to have Type 2 DM with diabetic nephropathy. All the patients were investigated for
albuminuria. The retinopathy was evaluated according to the Early Treatment Diabetes Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification into nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Diabetic macular edema was characterized as clinically
significant macular edema (CSME) and non-CSME. The severity of retinopathy was correlated with nephropathy. In this study, mean age of the
patients were 58.26± 6.43 years and male to female ratio 1.96:1. Out of 80 diabetic patients, 22(27.5%) patients had microalbuminuria and 58 (72.5
%) had macroalbuminuria. In this study, 67 (83.7%) patients had diabetic retinopathy, out of which 14 (20.9%) patients had mild NPDR, 20
(29.9%) had moderate NPDR, 16 (23.9%) had severe NPDR, 5(7.4%) had very severe NPDR and 12 (17.9%) had PDR. In 22 patients with
microalbuminuria 6 (27.3%) had mild NPDR, 4 (5.0%) had moderate NPDR and none had maculopathy. In 58 patients with macroalbuminuria, 8
(13.8%) had mild NPDR, 16 (27.6%) had moderate NPDR, 16 (27.6%) severe NPDR, 5 (8.6%) has very severe NPDR, 4(6.9%) had early PDR and
8(13.8%) had high-risk PDR, 14 (24.1%) had CSME and 4 (6.9%) had non-CSME. In our study, diabetic nephropathy patients with
macroalbuminuria had more severe type of DR than patients with microalbuminuria.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST IN LAPAROTOMY
AND LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES
Authors: Ajankar Pallavi
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims- Respiratory complications account to majority of post-operative outcomes after abdominal surgeries. Data on exact
prevalence and probability after different surgeries is scanty. Aim of our study is to evaluate pre and post operative differences objectively by using
spirometry in patients undergoing upper abdominal laparoscopic and laparotomy surgeries.
Methods- Seventy-one patients consecutively undergoing surgeries were enrolled, of which 36 underwent laparoscopic and rest open laparotomy.
Patients were subjected to spirometry pre and post operatively, and FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC were calculated. This cross sectional data was
analysed using paired “t” test, Students “t” test and Chi square.
Results- Preoperative FEV1,ERV, TLC, PEFR were significantly better in laparotomy than laparoscopic group (p value <0.05). Age, sex and BMI
were not significant determinants. Post operatively the laparoscopic group had better outcomes than laparotomy group. The exact mechanisms
were not known but minimal scar length, lesser damage to diaphragm and muscles, younger age of patients in laparoscopic group and early
postoperative rehabilitation could be possible explanations
Conclusions- Present study demonstrates that laparoscopic surgeries has less adverse effects on postoperative pulmonary function than
laparotomy surgeries. This may correlate with lower post op respiratory complications in laparoscopy group
Semi-supervised Machine Learning Aided Anomaly Detection Method in Cellular Networks
Authors: Lu Yutao , Wang Juan , Liu Miao , Zhang Kaixuan , Gui Guan , Ohtsuki Tomoaki , Adachi Fumiyuki
Published: January 2020

The ever-increasing amount of data in cellular networks poses challenges for network operators to monitor the quality of experience (QoE). Traditional key quality indicators (KQIs)-based hard decision methods are difficult to undertake the task of QoE anomaly detection in the case of big data. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a KQIs-based QoE anomaly detection framework using semi-supervised machine learning algorithm, i.e., iterative positive sample aided one-class support vector machine (IPS-OCSVM). There are four steps for realizing the proposed method while the key step is combining machine learning with the network operator's expert knowledge using OCSVM. Our proposed IPS-OCSVM framework realizes QoE anomaly detection through soft decision and can easily fine-tune the anomaly detection ability on demand. Moreover, we prove that the fluctuation of KQIs thresholds based on expert knowledge has a limited impact on the result of anomaly detection. Finally, experiment results are given to confirm the proposed IPS-OCSVM framework for QoE anomaly detection in cellular networks.
Vorrei. Corso di lingua italiana di livello elementare 1 e 2
Authors: Baldini Serena , Marini David
Published: January 2020

This volume, born from the fifteen-year-long experience of teaching in classes of monolingual students from North American Universities, and born from many years of training in the fields of philosophy, linguistics and analysis, aims at meeting the students' essential linguistic needs, while also considering the improvement of the motivational framework as its main educational goal. To this aim, the text’s structure is based on communication, and features a wide range of interactive activities in order for the students to be directly in contact with the real context and to be able to use the target language in an authentic way. The manual includes both a Textbook and a Workbook, as well as a section in English with grammar cards and a general glossary. In addition to the activities for the classroom, each unit includes a part dedicated to home exercises and a partial glossary, which the students have to fill in. The text does not offer separated cultural inserts, which are rarely integrated into the didactic programming; on the contrary, it features very short and simple cultural notes.
Un cammino a ostacoli
Authors: Campigli Francesca
Published: January 2020

Summer of 1968: two young Spaniards arrive in Rome with a letter and a project to export. They are Francisco (Kiko) Argüello and Carmen Hernández. So, fifty years after its foundation, the Neocatechumenal Way begins, and this volume is among the first historiographical researches about it. The overall picture arising from the comparative analysis of archival documents and unpublished texts places the Neocatechumenal Way within the historical events that affected the Church of Rome from the end of the Second Vatican Council to the present today. From the study of a minor reality, the work aims at shedding light on more general questions: from the reception of the Second Vatican Council to the relations between the episcopates; from the publication of the New Dutch Catechism to the organized entrance of laymen and laity in the Church; from the liturgical reform to 'liturgical liberalism'.
Engineering Feasibility of Building Blocks Produced from Recycled Rice Husks
Authors: Atikpo E. , Ukala D. C. , Agori J. E. , Agbi G. G. , Iwemah E. R. , Umukoro L. O. , Michael A.
Published: January 2020

Rice husks abundance in Nigeria requires the consideration of their alternate economic uses to prevent environmental pollution from the waste heaps, litter and combustion. This study focused on the determination of the feasibility of blocks made from recycled rice husks for building construction. Twenty-four absolute cubes were moulded from a mixture of fine aggregate (sand), binder (cement) and water. These were used for control experiments. Also, 144 cubes of partially replaced sand with rice husks in the steps of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% were produced and cured for 7, 12, 21 and 28 days like the absolute cubes. They were weighed and experimented for some engineering properties including compressive strength in triplicate. The average values of triplicate readings were recorded and documented. Laboratory strengths result at the 28th day were compared with the reference strength of sandcrete block provided in the Federal Building Code to ascertain the performances of the partial sandcrete cubes. The low maximum compressive strength of 0.54N/mm2 obtained at 30% replacement and 28th day curing showed that rice husks were not feasible for replacing fine aggregate in sandcrete blocks at the percentages tested. This strength value is far less than the minimum allowable compressive strength of 1.75N/mm2 of individual blocks provided in Federal Building Code.
Genetic antimicrobial resistance determinants and their prevalence in molecular subtypes of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Authors: Obraztsova O.A. , Aleynikova K.A. , Obukhov A.P. , Kubanov A.A. , Deryabin Dmitry G.
Published: January 2020

Objective.

To investigate genetic determinants of resistance to antimicrobial agents recommended for the treatment of syphilis and assess their prevalence in molecular subtypes of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in the Russian Federation over the period of 2014-2017.
Materials and Methods.

A total of 161 clinical isolates of T. pallidum obtained from Tyva, Stavropol, Irkutsk, Kaluga, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions were included in this study. Genetic material of T. pallidum was detected by PCR with primers to polA gene. Determinants of resistance to penicillins (tromp1, tp47), tetracyclines (16S rRNA) and macrolides (23S rRNA) were determined using the gene sequence analysis. Molecular typing was performed by characterizing variable arp, tpr (E, G, J) and tp0548 genes according to the CDC protocol. Results of this study were compared to historical data on antimicrobial resistance of T. pallidum over the period of 2011-2012.
Results.

Analysis of tromp1 and tp47 gene sequences detected C22G and G208T substitutions, respectively. These polymorphisms were not significant for activity of the corresponding proteins, but differed the studied clinical isolates from the reference strain Nichols, therefore, linking them with epidemic genogroup T. pallidum Street Strain 14. Based on the analysis of G1058C mutation in the 16S rRNA gene, all clinical isolates obtained in 2014-2017 belonged to wild type, whereas this genetic determinant of resistance to tetracyclines was determined in 2 of 190 isolates obtained in 2011-2012. Also, A2059G/C mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was not found, whereas a significant A2058G substitution in this gene was determined in 4 isolates obtained in 2014-2017. Results of this study confirm sporadic resistance to macrolides in the Russian Federation, which was previously (2011-2012) found in 3 of 190 isolates of T. pallidum. A2058G mutation was detected predominantly in minor subtypes of T. pallidum (14 b/f, 14 b/g and 14 d/g) and was unrepresentative for molecular subtype 14 d/f which is a predominant one in the Russian Federation.
Conclusions.

The long-term use of penicillins for the treatment of syphilis did not result in emergence of T. pallidum resistance to this antibiotic class. An absence of genetic determinants of resistance to tetracyclines confirms them to be second-line drugs. A sporadic prevalence of determinants of resistance to macrolides requires they be used for the treatment of syphilis with caution.
Clinical and epidemiological features of infections caused by HHV-6A and HHV-6B
Authors: Lysenkova Maria Yu. , Karazhas N.V. , Rybalkina Tayana N. , Veselovsky P.A. , Burmistrov E.M. , Boshyan R.E. , Melekhina E.V. , Svitich O.A. , Muzyka A.D. , Petukhova E.V. , Gorelov A.V.
Published: January 2020

Objective.

To determine the detection rates of HHV-6A and HHV-6B compared to other herpes viruses in children of different age groups.
Materials and Methods.

A total of 128 patients with symptoms of respiratory viral infections (RVI) aged from 1 to 16 years and 101 otherwise healthy children. A comprehensive examination of the patients, including ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence assay, rapid culture method, PCR, and determination of nucleotide sequences of HHV-6 was performed. Children positive for HHV-6 markers (antibodies, early and late antigens) and positive for HHV-6 DNA were selected into one group (n=59), of which 14 children aged from 3 to 10 years were healthy and 45 children (<3 years of age [20 children] and ≥3 years of age [25 children]) had clinical manifestations of RVI.
Results.

The incidence rates of acute HHV-6 infection and HHV-6 reactivation were similar between healthy children and children with RVI symptoms (21.9% each). The active Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection took a second place among examined children: acute EBV infection and EBV reactivation were determined in 19 (14.8%) and 10 (7.8%) children, respectively. The incidence rates of HHV-6A and HHV6B among children with RVI symptoms were similar (55.5% and 42.2%, respectively) whereas HHV-6B was predominant in healthy children (85.7%). The HHV-6A was more common (70%) in children under 3 years of age, but HHV-6B was more frequent (67%) in children aged 3 years and older. The most often initial manifestations of HHV-6A infection were acute fever and catarrhal syndrome; whereas HHV-6B was found more frequently in otherwise healthy children. A sudden exanthema and febrile seizures were significantly more common symptoms in children with HHV-6A infection, whereas tonsillar enlargement with exudate and swollen lymph nodes were observed more frequently in children with HHV-6B infection.
Conclusions.

HHV-6A more often causes acute infection in children less than 3 years of age, which is characterized by fever, febrile seizures, rash (roseola), and upper respiratory tract infection with significant catarrhal syndrome. HHV-6B more often causes acute infection in children aged 3 years and older and is rarely presented with specific symptoms of HHV-6 infection, such as sudden exanthema and febrile seizures. HHV-6B is characterized by lymphoid tissue proliferation (tonsillar enlargement and lymphadenopathy) and hepatomegaly in all age groups of children.
МАКЕТ АРХИВА БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ И ПРОДУКЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Потапов И.И. , Potapov I.I. , Крапивин В.Ф. , Krapivin V.F.
Published: January 2020

Предложен макет архива биометрических и продукционных характеристик растительности, ориентированный на его использование при глобальном моделировании динамики системы климат-природа-общество. Рассмотрены его структура и возможное наполнение данными. Обсуждены вопросы организации информационного интерфейса и связи архива с уже существующими архивами и базами данных. Данная работа выполнена по Госзаданию № 0030-2019-0008.
Научно-популярные ресурсы России: журналы и интернет-медиапроекты
Authors: Соколова И.С. , Sokolova I.S.
Published: January 2020

Выявлены общее и особенное научно-популярных печатных изданий и реализуемых в Интернете медиапроектов на примере журналов «Наука и жизнь» и соответственно «Daily Russian Science» и «Лаба.медиа». Общее заключается в поддержании на высоком уровне концепции просвещения, информирования и продвижения науки и научных знаний. Отличительные черты - это возможности мультимедийного и интерактивного общения, оперативности в случае инновационных проектов; публикации объемных текстов.
ПОТЕРЯ МУЛЬТИФРАКТАЛЬНОСТИ - КРИТЕРИЙ ПЕРЕХОДА СИСТЕМЫ ИЗ ОДНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ В ДРУГОЕ
Authors: Ахметханов Р.С. , Akhmenkhanov R.S.
Published: January 2020

Работа посвящена динамическим процессам, происходящим в системах при переходе ее из одного состояния в другое. Переход системы в другое состояние реализуется как переход через потенциальный барьер (гиперболическую точку). Особенностью данного процесса является то, что динамическая система в момент перехода (бифуркации) из мультифрактальной становится моно-фрактальной. При этом в динамике системы преобладают низкочастотные моды.
К ВОПРОСУ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПОЛОЖЕНИЙ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ АКТОВ НА УРОВЕНЬ ОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ЗАТРАТ НА ОСТАНОВЛЕННЫХ ЯДЕРНОИ РАДИАЦИОННО ОПАСНЫХ ОБЪЕКТАХ НАСЛЕДИЯ
Authors: Иванов А.Ю. , Ivanov A.Yu. , Ильясов Д.Ф. , Ilyasov D.F. , Приходько А.В. , Prikhodko A.V.
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена вопросам поиска путей оптимизации затрат на содержание в безопасном состоянии остановленных ядерно и радиационно опасных объектов. Рассмотрен ряд положений нормативных правовых актов, влияющих на затраты, связанные с содержанием остановленных объектов ядерного наследия в безопасном состоянии. Отмечена необходимость внесения изменений в отдельные нормативные правовые акты. Данная тематика является актуальной в настоящее время, главным образом по причине большого количества остановленных объектов ядерного наследия, выработавших свой ресурс.
National Injunctions and Preclusion
Authors: Clopton Zachary
Published: January 2020

Critics of national injunctions are lining up. Attorney General Jeff Sessions labeled these injunctions “absurd” and “simply unsustainable.” Justice Clarence Thomas called them “legally and historically dubious,” while Justice Neil Gorsuch mockingly referred to them as “cosmic injunctions.” Scholars in leading law reviews have called for their demise. Critics argue that national injunctions encourage forum shopping, unfairly burden the federal government, and depart from the history of equity. They also claim that national injunctions contradict the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Mendoza to exempt the federal government from offensive nonmutual issue preclusion—a doctrine that permits nonparties to benefit from a prior finding against a party from an earlier case.

Critics are right to identify the connection between national injunctions and nonmutual preclusion. Both of these doctrines describe when judgments can benefit nonparties. But critics are wrong to see Mendoza as an argument against national injunctions. For one thing, the rise of nonmutual preclusion that prompted Mendoza undercuts crucial arguments against national injunctions by offering an alternative explanation for the absence of analogous injunctions in the history of equity. For another, Mendoza was not preordained; instead, it was a highly policy-driven decision. And Mendoza’s policy arguments were dubious when it was decided and even more dubious today. Scrutinizing these arguments should make us less comfortable in extending Mendoza to a new context—as the Supreme Court may be poised to do.

Indeed, this Article goes one step further. The Supreme Court or Congress should take advantage of the attention on nonparty relief to reconsider, and overrule, Mendoza. Federal-government litigants do not deserve special treatment with respect to preclusion in every case, and the existing rules of preclusion adequately protect the interests purportedly at stake in Mendoza. Moreover, rejecting Mendoza has feedback effects for the national-injunctions debate. Overruling Mendoza would not only reduce the need for national injunctions (because preclusion could do some of the work) but also provide a framework for limiting national injunctions without eliminating them completely. This is especially important given recent decisions that make relying on class actions a tenuous response. More generally, overruling Mendoza would create a system that is fairer to governmental and nongovernmental litigants alike while reaffirming each branch’s role in the making of national policy.
Promises Unfulfilled: How Investment Arbitration Tribunals Mishandle Corruption Claims and Undermine International Development
Authors: Bulovsky Andrew
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the investment-arbitration and anti-corruption regimes have been in tension. Investment tribunals have jurisdiction to arbitrate disputes between investors and host states under international treaties that provide substantive protections for private investments. But these tribunals will typically decline to exercise jurisdiction over a dispute if the host state asserts that corruption tainted the investment. When tribunals close their doors to ag-grieved investors, tribunals increase the risks for investors and thus raise the cost of international investment. At the same time, the decision to decline jurisdiction creates a perverse incentive for host states to turn a blind eye to corruption. Together, these distorted incentives hinder developmental goals and undermine the fight against corruption. To correct these problems, this Note proposes a framework to guide arbitral tribunals when faced with a corruption-tainted dispute. Specifically, this Note argues that when both parties participate in corruption, arbitral tribunals should invoke equitable estoppel to accept jurisdiction over the dispute. When considering the corruption claims, investment tribunals should use a contributory-fault approach that evaluates each party’s role in the corrupt act to determine the final award. This framework not only helps align the investment-arbitration and anticorruption regimes but also advances developmental objectives.
Patents for Sharing
Authors: Takenaka Toshiko
Published: January 2020

Spurred by the Internet, emerging technologies have changed the way commercial firms innovate and have made it possible for individuals to play an important role in that innovation. Producers in the Information Communication Technologies (ICT), and other sectors dealing with complex technologies with many separately patentable components, find it increasingly difficult to make products without infringing on patents held by others. Numerous overlapping patents often cover such products. Producers have developed a new way to use patents: as inclusive rights for sharing their technologies with others through cross-licensing and other private ordering arrangements in order to ensure the freedom to operate and innovate. Individual innovators, and open source software (“OSS”) programmers in particular, have also developed a new use of copyrights: using them to share their technologies through OSS licenses. Producers of complex technologies use patents for sharing their technologies with OSS programmers and for protecting themselves from patent assertion. In light of these recent uses, this article proposes a new utilitarian theory for patents: patents as the incentive to share, with the reward of increasing the freedom to operate and innovate. It argues that both the ex ante and ex post incentive to invent theories are outdated because they fail to take into account the patent owners’ lack of control over their products in complex technology sectors. This article urges Congress to reevaluate U.S. patent rights in light of this new patent use. It reviews U.S. patents as property rights from the comparative law perspective and proposes the revitalization of the inclusive side of U.S. patents by introducing a compulsory license for blocking patents. It also proposes that the exclusive side of patent rights should be limited to private and experimental use exceptions to ensure the freedom to operate and innovate by sharing.
Making and Unmaking Citizens: Law and the Shaping of Civic Capacity
Authors: Abu El-Haj Tabatha
Published: January 2020

American democracy is more fragile today than in recent memory. As evidence of stubborn imbalances in political influence grow, so too does public skepticism concerning the relative benefits of our democratic institutions. Scholars have taken note, and two dominant camps have emerged to offer proposals for restoring democratic accountability and responsiveness. The first, like the public, identifies the flood of money into electoral politics as the primary source of our troubles, whereas the second points to political parties as the root of the crisis. More recently, however, a nascent third approach has emerged. Looking beyond the usual suspects—money in politics or the state of our political parties—its focus is on legal reforms that would permit everyday Americans to exercise political power through organizations capable of providing a counterweight to the political influence of wealth.

This Article seeks to further develop the efforts of this third approach. It argues that a more nuanced understanding of the recursive relationship between governance and civil society—one that appreciates the ways that public policy, as instantiated in legislation, inevitably influences the trajectory of civil society— permits us to envision a broader conception of law’s role in democratic reform. This broader conception is particularly critical given that several traditional routes have been effectively foreclosed by the Supreme Court. Toward that end, this Article identifies opportunities for law and politics—nudged perhaps by good governance philanthropists and technological advances—to make considerable strides toward rebuilding a participatory civil society capable of demanding the recognition of elected officials.
Policing Corporate Conduct Toward Minority Communities: An Insurance Law Perspective on the Use of Race in Calculating Tort Damages
Authors: Patel Dhruti
Published: January 2020

Courts commonly use U.S. Department of Labor actuarial tables, which explicitly take into account the race of the tort victim, to determine average national wage, work-life expectancy, and life expectancy. This practice has led to wide discrepancies between average damage awards for minority plaintiffs compared to white plaintiffs even if both plaintiffs are similarly situated. While recent legal scholarship criticizes the use of race-based tables and addresses the Equal Protection and incentive concerns such tables present, few courts have deviated from the explicit use of race in determining tort damages.

Though the use of demographic features, such as race, to predict future lost earnings is viewed as a way to calculate more accurate damage awards, a closer look at the effects of race-based tables shows the practice does more harm than good. Specifically, this Note considers the intersection of corporate liability insurance and tort law and how race-based tables affect the deterrence and oversight objectives of the relationship. The first Part of this Note provides an overview of how insurance and tort law work together, as well as the recognized issues with the use of race-based tables. The second Part focuses on how race-based damage awards inhibit deterrence of corporate tortious misconduct by not allowing insurance providers to accurately price premiums. Further, race-based damage awards also prevent insurance providers from adequately policing corporations and mandating certain precautions, which leads to an increased likelihood of tortious harm. The final Part proposes that state legislatures rectify the negative consequences race-based tables create by outlawing the use of race-based tables and establishing a minimum damage award using blended actuarial tables.
Searching for Humanitarian Discretion in Immigration Enforcement: Reflections on a Year as an Immigration Attorney in the Trump Era
Authors: Rabin Nina
Published: January 2020

This Article describes one of the most striking features of the Trump Administration’s immigration policy: the shift in the way discretion operates in the legal immigration system. Unlike other high-profile immigration policies that have been the focus of class action lawsuits and public outcry, the changes to the role of discretion have attracted little attention, in part because they are implemented through low-visibility individualized decisions that are difficult to identify, let alone challenge systemically. After providing historical context regarding the role of discretion in the immigration system before the Trump Administration, I offer four case studies from my immigration practice in Arizona that illustrate discretion’s new role. The cases highlight three key trends that result from the way discretion currently operates in the immigration system: (1) the ever-widening enforcement net; (2) the emboldening of front-line bureaucrats; and (3) the changing bureaucratic culture within United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, an agency that previously had seen its mission as one of integration, but has now shifted to an aggressive enforcement orientation. I close with a final section reflecting on the important role that individual direct representation can play in fighting against the current enforcement regime.
Cultural Frames of Ethics, a Challenge for Information and Knowledge Organization
Authors: El Hadi Widad Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Purpose/Thesis: Culture is the common frame that can embrace the other facets like social and political aspects of classification that are at play when we talk about ethical dimensions. This article explores the cultural frames of ethics by identifying fundamental characteristic of biases of KOSs, namely classifications and indexing languages as variants of KOSs. These biases are examined through the lenses of ethics. The main focus is on structural biases generated by mainstream classification and indexing schemes. Conceptual issues, some examples of cultural and racial biases and some directions for future work are discussed.Approach/Methods: Based on a literature review of methods used in detecting biases, two inde­xing languages are chosen: subject authority file RAMEAU and LCSH. To show how knowledge organization systems contribute to marginalization, exclusion and stigmatization of a category of the population, and/or of a culture with reference to the French context a comparison between RAMEAU and LCSH was conducted.Results and conclusions: In order to deal effectively with the ethical issues they face, library professio­nals and institutions providing knowledge must have a good working knowledge of information ethics.Originality/Value: The author defines the cultural frame of ethics and demonstrates that a bias is hard to shift. The research conducted by the author and her students to verify the range of biases in RAMEAU showed that the efforts made to fight biases in KOSs brought positive results when it comes to LCSH, but it showed that the other systems based on this indexing language have main­tained their initial biases. The author calls for solid and sustainable actions to fight against KOSs inherited persistent biases.
Online Tourist Information in the Largest Polish Cities
Authors: Rogoż Michał
Published: January 2020

Purpose/Thesis: This paper analyzes selected tourism websites for the largest cities in Poland. The paper answers following research questions: are the different websites designed to provide the tourists the relevant information?; do local conditions shape the content provided on these websites?; are these websites multilingual?; do they suggest possible itineraries?; how do they develop?Approach/Methods: The article uses comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis to study the information systems employed by the websites of the largest Polish cities: Warsaw, Krakow, Lodz, Wroclaw, Poznan and Gdansk. These cities are popular tourist destinations; each has an information system, reflecting the specific tourist services they offer.Results and conclusions: The organization scheme for each website is different, despite the fact that they were all designed for related organizational entities gathered in the structure of Polish Tourism Organization. Each site has a different design and appearance; different resources were dedicated to each. They are more varied than the websites of the analogous organizations operating in countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The specificity of the region has more of an impact on the content offered to the user. In recent years, more flat websites, imitating the paper guides, were gradually replaced by multimedia platforms enabling various interactions with more dynamic content.Originality/Value: To the best of the author’s knowledge, the research presented in the paper is the first attempt to characterize and compare tourist information websites of the six largest cities in Poland.
FINANCIAL PROGRESS AND SOLVENCY ANALYSIS OF DHARWAD MILK UNION- A UNIT OF KARNATAKA MILK FEDERATION
Authors: Hussain. R Fazalath , Ahmed  Killedar Muskan Banu Mustak
Published: January 2020

Indian Dairy Industry is playing a vital role in the progress of economic and social welfare of the rural economy as well as it builds the living standards of the people concerned to it. The NDDB and KMF are in the line of continuous development of dairy sector through the Cooperative system in the state. Hence, the financial viability is playing the significant role and the monetary progress of Milk Unions viz solvency improvement is directly effects the Gross Domestic Product of the country.
KEY WORDS: Monetary Progress, Economic Performance, Growth Rate, Indices, solvency position, DMU, KMF, Ratios, Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and Correlation etc.
Accumulation de métaux et HAP dans le sol de différents ouvrages d’infiltration
Authors: TEDOLDI D. , CHEBBO G. , PIERLOT D. , KOVACS Y. , GROMAIRE M.-C.
Published: January 2020

Le développement du contrôle à la source des eaux pluviales urbaines et, notamment, le recours croissant à des dispositifs d’infiltration suscitent des interrogations sur la capacité du sol à jouer le rôle de «filtre» vis-à-vis des polluants présents dans le ruissellement. Cette question a été abordée en couplant campagnes de terrain et approche de modélisation. Sur 11 dispositifs d’infiltration aux caractéristiques contrastées, le sol a été échantillonné en deux phases successives, conduisant à des cartographies de la contamination superficielle en métaux, puis à des profils verticaux de métaux et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), accompagnés de différentes variables explicatives. Les résultats ont démontré une bonne rétention des contaminants sur la plupart des sites d’étude, grâce à la combinaison de processus mécaniques (filtration) et physico-chimiques (adsorption). La distribution spatiale des métaux en surface, qui présente une structure caractéristique par rapport à la zone d’arrivée de l’eau, révèle le caractère non uniforme de l’infiltration lors des événements pluvieux courants. Dans la zone la plus polluée des ouvrages, métaux et HAP présentent un enrichissement significatif sur 10 à 40cm de profondeur. La contrepartie de cette rétention est une contamination qui, sur sept sites, excède localement les teneurs maximales admissibles –telles que définies par différentes normes internationales– dans le sol de zones résidentielles; toutefois, cela représente un volume de terres polluées relativement limité. L’approche de modélisation a permis de montrer que la durée de vie d’un dispositif d’infiltration pouvait être significativement améliorée en apportant un amendement organique à l’horizon superficiel, ce qui accroît la rétention de la pollution dissoute, ou en privilégiant une arrivée d’eau la plus répartie possible à la surface des ouvrages. La réduction des volumes d’eau de ruissellement en entrée d’ouvrage –par exemple, en déraccordant les eaux «propres» générées par le bassin versant– y participe également.
Incertitudes sur la concentration moyenne d’un événement pluvieux induites par différentes stratégies de prélèvement
Authors: JOANNIS C. , HANNOUCHE A. , CHEBBO G.
Published: January 2020

La concentration moyenne d’un polluant donné lors d’un événement pluvieux peut être définie comme le rapport de la masse de polluant au volume d’eau correspondant. Elle est classiquement déterminée à partir de l’analyse d’un échantillon moyen, obtenu en cumulant plusieurs prélèvements répartis sur la durée de l’événement. La représentativité de cet échantillon moyen dépend de la stratégie de pilotage du préleveur. Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer à partir de données expérimentales les erreurs commises sur la concentration moyenne d’un événement pour chacune des deux stratégies les plus courantes, et d’en déduire des intervalles de confiance pour l’ensemble des événements. Elle est basée sur des enregistrements de débit et de turbidité acquis sur des sites séparatifs et unitaires des observatoires du réseau URBIS. L’application de stratégies de prélèvement proportionnellement au temps ou au volume écoulé a été simulée sur plusieurs centaines d’événements pluvieux pour plusieurs paramétrages. L’analyse des résultats met en évidence la nette supériorité de la stratégie de prélèvement asservie au débit, tandis que l’asservissement au temps implique une erreur de pondération qui peut être considérable sur certains sites et certains événements. Cependant, il est très délicat, voire impossible, d’évaluer a priori les incertitudes associées à chaque stratégie pour un site donné si l’on ne dispose pas de mesures en continu du débit et de pollution associés aux prélèvements.
Penyajian Informasi Lokasi Bencana Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis Berbasis Web Service
Authors: Anwar Delvia , Mulyanto Arip , Takdir Rahman
Published: January 2020

Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Gorontalo menangani bencana dengan cara memasang rambu lalu lintas bencana sebagai informasi lokasi bencana kepada masyarakat. Akan tetapi informasi yang disampaikan belum lengkap dan meluas kepada masyarakat yang berada di luar Kabupaten Gorontalo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan penyajian informasi lokasi bencana alam di Kabupaten Gorontalo menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem yaitu metode Prototype. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sistem Informasi Geografis Lokasi Bencana Alam dapat meningkatkan penyajian informasi lokasi bencana alam di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Sistem ini dapat membantu pihak BPBD Kabupaten Gorontalo dalam menyampaikan informasi bencana secara lengkap berupa informasi lokasi kejadian bencana, jenis bencana, jumlah penduduk, jumlah korban bencana, dan detail korban bencana kepada masyarakat. Sistem ini menggunakan teknologi sms gateway sebagai pintu gerbang untuk menerima sms laporan masyarakat saat terjadi bencana dan menggunakan teknologi web service sebagai pertukaran data dengan sistem informasi penyaluran bantuan logistik.
Analisis Pemakaian Bahan Bakar pada Mesin MAK 8M453 Unit 5 PLTD Telaga
Authors: Uloli Hendra , Giu Jamal Darusalam , Sulaeman Alifransi
Published: January 2020

PLTD Telaga menggunakan mesin MAK 8M453 yang terdiri dari 10 unit untuk membangkitkan daya. Pengoprasian pada unit-unit tersebut bergantung pada beban yang dibutuhkan oleh konsumen terutama pada waktu beban puncak, mengingat PLTD Telaga bukan merupakan sumber suplai listrik utama di Gorontalo. Mesin MAK 8M453 yang berjumlah 10 unit tersebut hanya 4 unit yang aktif berproduksi yaitu unit 3, 4,5 dan 6 sisanya dalam keadaan rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini Mengetahui banyaknya konsumsi bahan bakar untuk motor diesel penggerak generator listrik merek MAK 8M453 unit 5 di PLTD Telaga berdasarkan teori perbandingan udara dan bahan bakar sesuai dengan temperatur udara (ruangan) setempat dan akan dibandingkan dengan konsumsi bahan bakar yang ada di lapangan. Hasil penelitian satu jam perbandingan udara dan bahan bakar berdasarkan teori adalah 201,86 Kg/jam atau sama dengan 228,623 Liter/jam. Sedangkan konsumsi bahan bakar pada kenyataanya yang digunakan pada mesin MAK 8M453 unit 5 PLTD Telaga adalah dalam satu jam produksi yaitu sebesar 421,478 L/jam dan perbandingan anatara konsumsi bahan bakar secara teoritis dan lapangan yaitu sebesar 1 : 1,8
Penataan Hunian Kawasan Bantaran Sungai Bone Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Ali Andika , Arifin Sri Sutarni , Mokodongan Elvie F.
Published: January 2020

Kota akan selalu mengalami perkembangan dari tahun ke tahun, baik secara fisik maupun non fisik. Perkembangan kota selalu dihadapkan dengan permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi  dilingkungannya,  seperti  yang  terjadi  di  bantaran  sungai  biasanya  identik  dengan sampah,  kotor,  dan  kawasan  kumuh.    Gambaran  ini  ada  benarnya  jika  kita  melongok kawasan bantaran sungai di tengah kota dan sekitarnya. .  Problematika ini hampir ada di setiap  kota-kota  besar  di  Indonesia  dan   tidak  kurang  upaya  pemerintah  menata  kawasan ini  agar  menjadi  lingkungan  yang  bersih  dan  nyaman,  masyarakatpun  sebenarnya menginginkan hal yang sama. Rumah adalah bagian yang utuh dari permukiman, dan bukan hasil fisik sekali jadi semata, melainkan  merupakan  suatu  proses  yang  terus  berkembang  dan  terkait  dengan  mobilitas sosial ekonomi penghuninya dalam suatu kurun waktu. Yang terpenting dan rumah adalah dampak  terhadap  penghuni,  bukan  wujud  atau  standar  fisiknya.  Selanjutnya  dikatakan bahwa  interaksi  antara  rumah  dan  penghuni  adalah  apa  yang  diberikan  rumah  kepada penghuni serta apa yang dilakukan penghuni terhadap rumah. Kawasan  adalah  suatu  daerah  di  permukaan  bumi  yang  relative  homogeny  dan  berbeda disekelilingnya  berdasarkan  kriteria  tertentu,  definisi  dan  deskripsi  tentang  kawasan menjadi  perhatian  utama  para  ahli  demografi  pada  pertengahan  abad  ke-20.  Dalam mengelola  kawasan  Tepian  Air,  beberapa  elemen  dapat  diberikan  penekanan  dalam memberikan  solusi  desain  yang  spesifik,  yang  membedakan  dengan  olahan  kawasan lainnya  atau  yang  dapat  memberikan  kesan  mendalam,  sehingga  selalu  dikenang  oleh pengunjung.  Secara  arsitektur,  bangunan  permukiman  tepi  sungai  dibedakan  menjadi bangunan  di  atas  tanah,  bangunan  panggung  di  darat,  bangunan  panggung  di  atas  air, bangunan rakit di atas air. Arsitektural bangunan dibuat dengan kaidah tradisional maupun modern,  sesuai  dengan  latar  belakang  budaya  dan  suku/etnis  masing-masing.    Tipologi bangunan  menggunakan  struktur  dan  konstruksi  sederhana,  tradisional  dan  konvensional, yang kurang memperhitungkan pengaruh angin.
Model Peran Pemerintah pada Pengembangan Inovasi UKM dengan Pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Authors: Rasyid Abdul , Rauf Fentje Abdul
Published: January 2020

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) telah memberikan peran yang sangat penting bagi perekonomian nasional dan memberikan kontribusi yang besar dan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya pada penyerapan tenaga kerja dan pendapatan negara.. Dalam perkembangan UKM menghadapi kendalaseperti inovasi yang menyebabkan kurangnya kopentensi dalam menghadapi era industri 4.0. Peran Pemerintah dapat memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan inovasi pada UKM. Pemerintah merupakan institusi dalam mengeluarkan dan menjalankan kebijakan dapat menggerakkan lahirnya inovasi pada UKM. Pada penelitian melihat peran Pemerintah dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inovasi pada UKM dengan menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Berdasarkan pengolahan data dengan menggunan SEM didapatkan bahwa Pemerintah dapat mempengaruhi pengembangan inovasi UKM melalui: pembelajaran dan peningkatan penggunaan teknologi informasi.
Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi Stearin Sawit untuk Pembuatan Biodiesel
Authors: Suleman Nita , Abas  , Paputungan Mardjan
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mellihat kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari Stearin sawit. Proses pembuatan biodiesel dilakukan dengan dua tahap yakni esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi. Pada tahap esterifikasi digunakan katalis asam H2SO4 dan pelarut metanol. Kemudian pada tahap transesterifikasi digunakan katalis KOH dan pelarut metanol dengan variasi katalis 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5% (b/v). Hasil menunjukkan pada tahap esterifikasi kandungan asam lemak bebas (FFA) berkurang dari 2,85% menjadi 0,56% pada suhu 600C. Pada tahap transesterifikasi dihasilkan % yield tertinggi pada variasi persen katalis 1% (b/v) sebesar 75,74% Berasarkan hasil uji kualias biodiesel yang terdiri dari uji densitas, viskositas, bilangan iod, bilangan penyabunan, angka setana, titik kabut, dan bilangan asam telah memenuhi standar mutu biodiesel yang telah ditetapkan pada SNI-04-7182-2006.
Manajemen proyek Sistem Informasi Penggajian Berbasis Web
Authors: Setiawan Edi
Published: January 2020

Project management is a strategy that needs to be done in achieving the efficiency and effectiveness of a company. Developments in the era of technology in this period are in line with the development of SMEs engaged in the field of karawo craft services, such as Rumah Karawo. The project planning can be prepared using Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Project management can also be used to estimate the project acceleration (crasing) at Karawo House. With the preparation of a good project management, it can be estimated the time and cost needed to run the project, so as to minimize cost losses due to the possibility of project overturning. The development of a project management plan carried out using a waterfall.