bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Salbutamol Sulfate in pharmaceutical formulation with differential pulse voltammetry using poly(Benzofuran-2-Boronic acid) modified platinum electrode
Authors: GÜNGÖR Öznur
Published: September 2021

In this study, determination of salbutamol sulfate (SBS) was carried out using poly(benzofuran-2-boronic acid)/platinum electrode (BF2BA/PtE). Polymerization of BF2BA was conducted in acetonitrile (AcN) containing 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) on bare PtE by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The electrochemical properties of the prepared polymer electrode were investigated by CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in ferricyanide/KNO3 solution. Then, prepared poly(BF2BA/PtE) was used for detection of the SBS. Monomer type, concentration, the number of cycles and scan rate were worked using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in citrate-phosphate buffer containing 1.15 mM SBS. The effects of parameters such as electrolyte type, pH effect on SBS DPV responses were studied. The SBS responses of the modified electrodes were also investigated by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The oxidative current peak stem from SBS concentration showed at 0.65V potential and a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range from 50 to 2000 μM SBS concentration. Limit of dedection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), was calculated as 49.14 µM and 163.80 µM, respectively. The recovery efficiency for synthetic urine samples was obtained from 91.47 to 110.43% by using BF2BA/PtE.
Effect of size modulation and donor position on intersubbands refractive index changes of a donor within a spherical core/shell/shell semiconductor quantum dot
Authors: AL Emre Bahadır
Published: September 2021

In the current study, linear, nonlinear and total relative refractive index changes of a single shallow hydrogenic donor atom confined in semiconductor core/shell/shell quantum dot heterostructure are investigated in detail by compact density matrix formalism. For this purpose, the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions are calculated by diagonalization method in the effective mass approximation. Then, intersubband 1s→1p and 1p→1d donor transition energies are calculated. In the study, the effects of core/shell sizes, donor position and depth of confinement potential are analyzed. The numerical results show that the linear and nonlinear refractive index changes undergo significant changes.
Thermoluminescence characteristics and kinetic analysis of beta irradiated Ca4LaO(BO3)3 phosphor
Authors: PORTAKAL UÇAR Ziyafer Gizem
Published: September 2021

Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of synthesized Ca4LaO(BO3)3 exposed to beta radiation were analyzed and TL kinetic parameters of activation energy E (eV), the frequency factor s (s-1), and order of kinetics b were determined in this study. TL glow curve recorded in 25–500 °C range presented two TL maxima around 70 and 200 °C and therefore, thermal cleaning was utilized for the further investigations on a single TL maximum. To investigate dosimetric characterizations of Ca4LaO(BO3)3, additive dose and various heating rates, reusability, and storage time measurements were performed. Ca4LaO(BO3)3 has a linear dose range between 10 to 100 Gy with a heating rate of 2 °C/s. An anomalous case of heating rate behavior was attained for the TL measurements carried out using variable heating rates between 0.1 and 10 °C/s which was considered through the semi-localized transition model. Reusability and storage time measurements indicated the results within the 5% standard deviation. The kinetic parameters were estimated by the initial rise (IR) and glow curve deconvolution (GCD) methods. Continuously distributed trapping levels were identified by TM–Tstop with E ranging from 1.25 to 1.45 eV. GCD identified that the glow curve expressed general order kinetics and consist of three overlapping traps.
Enseñar, aprender, crear
Authors: Paredes Santín Adrià , Giménez Velázquez Leonor
Published: September 2021

Este artículo indaga narrativamente en las experiencias vividas por una maestra, sus alumnos de 5º de primaria y un investigador durante la realización de un proyecto escolar sobre el Alzheimer. Conjuntamente, maestra e investigador, presentamos algunas historias que nos permiten indagar en como el alumnado, a través de distintas actividades escolares, explora quien es él y como es el mundo que le rodea. Con una mirada narrativa, atendemos a lo educativo en relación y desde su interrelación con un mundo que traspasa las paredes de la escuela y desborda el currículum prescriptivo. Para finalizar, elaboramos una propuesta que resignifica los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como procesos de creación, experiencias que permiten (re)crear nuestras relaciones con el mundo.
Analysis of Operational Effi ciency of the Proposed Propulsion Systems for Selected Large RoPax Vessel
Authors:   Maritime University of Szczecin, Doctoral School, Poland, Korlak Piotr Kamil
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the characteristics of ferry shipping with particular emphasis on large RoPax vessels operating in the Baltic Sea. A critical review of main propulsion system used on large RoPax ferries has been done. Optimal propeller parameters and required brake power have been estimated on the basis of total resistance of bare hull and appendages approximated according to Holtrop-Mennen method. Main engines and generating sets have been selected for minimized fuel consumption approximated with quadratic regression. Operational parameters and costs of analysed large RoPax main propulsion systems have been compared.
Unlawful Acts in Maritime Transport & Civil Aviation
Authors:   University of Ziilna, Department of Water Transport, Slovakia, Galieriková Andrea , Materna Matúš , Dávid Andrej
Published: September 2021

Maritime and civil aviation security is a global problem posed by terrorism and illegal acts and therefore requires global attention and solutions that can only be provided by relevant international organizations (International Maritime Organization and International Civil Aviation Organization). Nineteen years have passed since the attacks of 11 September 2001 on the World Trade Center, but the threat of another terrorist attack is still just as possible and unacceptable. The series of attacks in the USA have started a new period of history. This period can be characterised as unsteady, unpredictable, and transforming of complex systems, including new types of dangers. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the most serious types of unlawful acts (terrorism and piracy) regarding legislation and jurisdiction. For the sake of comparability of legal phenomena, special attention is paid to illegal acts at sea and in the airspace above the sea.
The Yellowstone Park Earthquake of June 30, 1975
Authors: Pitt A. M. , Weaver Craig S. , Spence William
Published: September 2021

abstract

The June 30, 1975 Yellowstone Park Earthquake (ML 6.1, Ms 5.9) occurred on the north-central boundary of the Yellowstone caldera. Intensity studies show the felt area north of the epicenter to be substantially larger than the felt area south of the epicenter. This asymmetry may be due to attenuation of seismic waves propagating through the caldera. Aftershocks define a 10-km northwest-trending zone of seismicity centered on the main shock. A second zone of seismicity (active since March 1974) located 5 km west of and subparallel to the zone containing the main shock, increased in length during the aftershock sequence. No faults are mapped in the region of either zone, but north to northwest trending normal faults are found north of the caldera boundary. Focal mechanisms indicate both normal and oblique-slip faulting, but normal faulting predominates. The T axes are oriented northeast (perpendicular to the two seismic zones) suggesting block faulting. Elevation changes of 12 cm (determined by first-order level lines) between Madison Junction (up) and Mammoth Hot Springs (down) between 1960 and August 1975 are interpreted as a long-term trend with a local perturbation in the Norris Junction area which may have been caused by the June 30 earthquake.
Inversion of phase times for hypocenters and shallow crustal velocities, Mojave Desert, California
Authors: Hileman James A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Phase times for an ensemble of 20 aftershocks of the June 1, 1975, Galway Lake earthquake were inverted to determine hypocenters and local velocity structure simultaneously. A maximum likelihood formulation of linear, least-squares inversion was used so that the data were weighted according to their estimated variances. A trade-off parameter controlled the relative importance of the RMS error and the amount by which the model changed at each iteration. Individual aftershocks must be selected so that a wide variety of travel paths are represented. Initial trials disclosed that careful constraints are necessary for allowed changes in station delays. Fixed velocity boundaries, based on a priori information, were used for each of several starting models, and only layer velocities were allowed to vary. Each of the trials indicated that shallow crustal velocities in the vincinity of Galway Lake are somewhat lower than those of the usual velocity models. The velocities are not strongly constrained by this data set, but the results are consistent with a subsequent, detailed refraction survey by other workers. Mapping the travel-time surface in time-depth-distance space helps clarify the limitations inherent in a given problem.
Catalog of U.S. earthquakes before the year 1850
Authors: Winkler Louis
Published: September 2021

abstract

This is a catalog of earthquakes for the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, before the year 1850. Data are listed for the Northeast, East, and Central U.S. along with a chronological summary. Gregorian dates, local times, and Modified Mercalli intensities are used. Because of the large number of entries and the great complexity of many of the entries, only references are given rather than quotations of the earthquake descriptions.
The effect of Appalachian Mountain topography on seismic waves
Authors: Griffiths Donald W. , Bollinger G. A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A field program was conducted during the summer of 1977 in the Appalachian Mountains to study some of the effects of topography on seismic-wave motions. The study areas included Powell Mountain (394 m of relief) in Lee County, Virginia, Bays and River Mountains (260 m of relief) in Sullivan County, Tennessee, and Gap and Brush Mountains (236 m of relief) in Montgomery County, Virginia. The majority of the data were recorded using 1 Hz horizontal seismometers aligned parallel to the long dimension of the northeast trending ridges. Some vertical (1 Hz) data were also collected. The signal sources were quarry and mine blasts located mostly to the west and northwest of the study areas. The Tennessee earthquake of July 27, 1977 [mb (Lg) = 3.5] was recorded at Bays and River Mountains by both horizontal and vertical sensors.

The basic data consist of maximum amplitudes and their associated periods measured from the Sg-Lg coda (some Rayleigh-wave and P-wave data were also obtained) at various sites on the ridges and in the valleys. In total, 137 events were considered from which 444 measurements of trace amplitude and wave period were made. These were cast in the form of 382 amplitude ratios between the individual sites. Four of the five ridges (Powell Mountain, Gap Mountain, Bays Mountain, and River Mountain) show amplification at the mountaintops with respect to the valleys. However, one ridge, with a less pronounced crest than the others (Brush Mountain), exhibited some wave-amplitude suppression. The vertical data obtained display a lesser degree of amplification than do the horizontal data as might be expected from other published observations.

To reduce the scatter found in the individual amplitude ratios, average amplitude ratios between mountaintop and valley sites were determined. These average ratios showed that the seismic wave amplitudes at the mountaintops were amplified by factors from 1.7 to 3.4. Employing the theory for scattering of SH waves in a half-space with an irregular free surface, the predicted ground motions for each of the study areas were obtained. The comparison of the observed average ratios with these theoretical calculations indicates that a topographic effect is present but inadequately modeled by the theory.
The focal mechanisms and depths of small earthquakes as determined from Rayleigh-wave radiation patterns
Authors: Kafka Alan L. , Weidner Donald J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Many earthquakes of body-wave magnitude less than about 5.5 are located in key positions for defining tectonic processes at plate boundaries and in the interiors of plates. Due to the sparsity of observed body-wave data from these events, their focal mechanisms and depths cannot be well determined from body-wave data alone. Earthquakes with mb as low as 4.5 radiate surface-wave trains which can be observed at teleseismic distances.

In this study, Rayleigh waves observed at WWSSN stations have been inverted to obtain focal mechanisms and depths of two small earthquakes (mb = 4.7 and mb = 5.1) in the Caribbean plate region. An event pair inversion patterned after Weidner and Aki (1973) is contrasted with a single event inversion which makes use of the seismic moment tensor formalism (Mendiguren, 1977; Gilbert, 1970) to linearize the relationship between observed signal and model. The event pair approach requires master events whose focal parameters are well known and which are located near the smaller events. The single event approach, on the other hand, does not require master events, but is limited to amplitude data only. Phase information can be utilized by considering a pair of events located near each other and recovering the difference in phase for the event pair.

For the events studied, the single event analysis yields the same solution as the event pair analysis. In general, amplitude is more sensitive to mechanism than phase. However, noise in amplitude increases more rapidly than noise in phase as the size of the event is reduced.
Geometrical optics and normal mode perturbation theory: A comparison in one dimension
Authors: Dahlen F. A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The transverse oscillations of a slightly heterogeneous, smooth string are treated using geometrical optics and first order normal mode perturbation theory. It is found that first order perturbation theory is invalid at high frequencies just as geometrical optics is invalid at low frequencies. The eigenfrequencies of the high-frequency modes are predicted accurately by first order perturbation theory, but the eigenfunctions are not. By analogy, a similar failure will presumably result if first order perturbation theory is used to treat the effect of the Earth's lateral heterogeneity on the high-frequency, surface wave-equivalent modes nSl and nTl, with n ≪ l. To gain insight into the consequences of this failure, we go on to analyze the one-dimensional analog of the earthquake excitation problem, using both normal mode, or standing wave, and traveling wave methods. We show that a simplified version of geometrical optics, in which amplitudes are only calculated to zeroth order but phases are calculated to first order, leads naturally to two methods whereby the source mechanism of a “stringquake” can be retrieved without knowing the structure of the string. Analogous methods for determining earthquake source mechanisms on a laterally heterogeneous Earth could easily be developed, if they were ever required.
The response of the time-term method to simulated crustal structures
Authors: Whitcombe D. N. , Maguire P. K. H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The time-term method of interpreting seismic refraction data is analyzed to examine inadequacies in the chosen time-term model by relating observational errors to the solution variance. The results obtained from data that has been simulated for various structures are investigated. This is done quantitatively for simple structures and semi-quantitatively for more complex cases. Velocity and topographic variations of the refractor are considered as signals having dominant wavelengths. It is found that the response of the time-term method to these structural variations depends on the relationship of the structural wavelength to the dimensions of the experiment and the critical distance. For all but the simplest structures, the standard error estimates that can be obtained from a time-term solution are likely to be completely inadequate as estimates of the true error. It is demonstrated that if the refractor is anything other than uniform, the effects of a complicated velocity structure may be absorbed into the time terms. Similarly it is argued that in situations in which the refractor is not horizontal, erroneous values for complex velocity coefficients (e.g., gradient, anisotropy, etc.) can be obtained if these coefficients are included in the chosen time-term model. Finally, it is indicated that reduced travel times can be used in a way that removes the “stirring pot” aspect of time-term analysis, and to determine if a data set is suitable for examination by the time-term method.
Seismicity in the Tsengwen reservoir area, Taiwan
Authors: Wu Francis T. , Yeh Y. H. , Tsai Y. B.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The Tsengwen reservoir, with a maximum depth of 128 m, and a storage volume of 708 × 106 m3, is located over an active thrust fault, the Chuko Fault. The Chuko Fault was evidently the causative fault of a magnitude 634 (Pasadena, MS earthquake in 1964. Filling of the reservoir started in April 1973 and water reached the designed level in September of that same year; since then, the water level has undergone yearly cycles with 40 to 50 m amplitude.

An earthquake swarm occurred near the dam in December 1972, before the filling of the reservoir, and microearthquakes in the area have been monitored for various periods since that time. Before filling, there were some very shallow events, with depths less than 2.5 km, but these disappeared shortly after the water level rose to the maximum. The majority of hypocenters after reservoir loading lie in a layer between depths of 2.5 and 8 km; the seismicity under the reservoir is noticeably lower than that in the surrounding area. There is no obvious correlation of seismicity with water level, based on available data. The seismicity in the Tsengwen area can be described as a response of the over-pressured and fractured sedimentary strata to the tectonic stress accumulation, modified by the loading effects of the reservoir.

A ts/tp versus time study revealed anomalies, but these are not precursory to large earthquakes, as the duration of the anomalies would imply.
The earthquake sequence in Friuli, Italy, 1976
Authors: Cagnetti Vittorio , Pasquale Vincenzo
Published: September 2021

abstract

The seismic activity of the May 6, 1976 Friuli earthquake has been investigated. It provides clear evidence of internal clustering of shocks, with the largest aftershocks being followed by their own series of aftershocks. Late large aftershocks with their own aftershock series occurred 4 months after the main shock, when aftershocks had subsided. Thus, in the entire series of aftershocks, six phases of strain release are found, and part of the aftershock region is not included in the aftershock volume of the main shock. All this indicates that a few aftershocks are at least partially independent from the main shock.

The value of b is estimated for the entire sequence and for the separate phases; during the activity, b shows an increase after the main shock, a decline immediately before the largest aftershock, and a second increase immediately afterward. This can be explained in terms of stress changes, and is consistent with laboratory studies of rock deformation.

The compressive stress is perpendicular to the Eastern Alps, and may be considered as the principal cause of the earthquake sequence. The solution of the main shock of the sequence is a reversed fault movement, unlike most of the mechanisms in the focus of the earlier Friuli earthquakes which are of the transcurrent type.
Microearthquake surveys in the Central and Northern Philippines
Authors: Acharya H. K. , Ferguson J. F. , Isaac V.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Microearthquake surveys were carried out in three sections of Central and Northern Philippines during 1975-1976 for a period of 5 months. A 4-month survey of Bataan Peninsula identified a major tectonic feature near Manila Bay which could not have been postulated from examination of seismicity maps. This feature appears to be situated near the southern end of ultramafic rocks of West Central Luzon and West Luzon Trough and trends W-SW from east of Corregidor Island toward Manila Trench for a distance of about 100 km. This survey also showed no microearthquake activity beneath two presently inactive volcanoes on Bataan Peninsula. The rate of activity in Bataan Peninsula region was found to be very low (8.4 events/1000 km2/yr). A short-duration survey (16 days) of the Philippine Fault in North Central Luzon revealed no microearthquake activity on the fault. During a third short-duration survey (16 days), the Verde Island Passage area between Luzon and Mindoro was found to be as highly active at the microearthquake level as it is for large earthquakes.
We Are What We Read
Authors: Tillotson Emily , Smith Susan , Brewer Current Cheris
Published: September 2021

A school of social work devised a process to assess the implicit curriculum by auditing the required readings to identify the race and gender of the authors. As a profession, we espouse a strong commitment to social justice and diversity. Yet we know that there are limitations to our objectivity and that auditing is a valuable tool that can reveal biases. The concrete data provided by an audit can help reveal and disrupt entrenched patterns. The audit was conducted by reviewing the syllabi for required BSW and MSW courses. For each text, we collected the names, gender, and race for each author. Across all programs, authors were disproportionately White as compared to the general U.S. population, professional authors, professional social workers, and students in the programs. Similarly, men were over-represented as compared to all of the benchmarks, except for the authors in the BSW program, which was more feminized as compared to the U.S. population. This assessment process adds to the existing toolset by measuring current levels of representation—including over and underrepresentation. It is hoped that auditing will prove an effective tool for doing antiracist and anti-oppressive assessment, however an audit can only reveal where work is needed.
Deepening the Learning
Authors: Keenan Elizabeth King , Kozu Shuei , Mayhew Hunter , Saiter-Meyers Evelyn , Meggett Caliyah , Reynolds Paige
Published: September 2021

Graduate students of multiple racial identities in predominantly White institutions enter social work programs with a wide range of knowledge about and experiences of White Supremacy, particularly the ways in which structural forms of racism continue to inflict harm, block opportunities, and perpetuate wealth inequities. In addition, White students are often challenged to grasp the ways they have been socialized to participate in perpetuating White Supremacy. This wide range of knowledge and experiences makes it likely that students will experience a range of emotions and defensive resistance necessitating skillful pedagogical design and facilitation of class interactions. Intentional use of theoretical frameworks with experiential activities can deepen self-awareness and understanding of the systemic nature of White Supremacy (Okun, 2010). In this manuscript, four students and two instructors discuss their learning experiences within a course addressing White Supremacy for students of multiple racial identities in a predominantly White institution. Post-course dialogue amongst these multiracial authors identified six core areas of learning when examining intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural racism, cultural wealth of BIPOC peoples, and anti-racism actions. Two primary implications for education are: Weave conceptual frameworks with interpersonal experiential activities throughout the course design, and attend to interactional power dynamics during class meetings.
Dismantling Privilege and White Supremacy in Social Work Education
Authors: King-Jordan Taniko , Gil Karina
Published: September 2021

The primary aim of social work is eliminating social inequalities by advocating for racial, social, and economic justice for individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. This commitment and promise starts in the classroom by providing opportunities for students and faculty to interact with each other and promote the core tenets of the profession. As the social work practices are shaped by the values promoted by the mainstream society, many argue that the profession is biased and does not meet the needs of Black, Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC). This issue is explored in the present study by interviewing six Black female social work faculty, aiming to elucidate their experiences in academia and the social work educational environment when interacting with their White counterparts, their students, and the administration. The findings yielded by this investigation have implications for academia, as well as social work education programs and their leadership.
Digital poverty in social work education during COVID-19
Authors: Pentaris Panagiotis , Hanna Sue , North Gemma
Published: September 2021

The use of technology in social work education is neither new nor without its debates. The conversation has been gradually informing us of the challenges and controversies, as well as benefits in education, practice, policy and research. Yet, in the face of COVID-19 and associated quarantine measures, social work education has been tasked with a fast-paced adjustment to online, and where feasible, hybrid learning. This reflection raises the argument that the pace of organisational adjustment is not always the same as those studying social work. This leaves many students in digital poverty and generates inequality gaps that may need addressing.
Conference Proceedings: Faculty of Medicine Research Day
Authors: Saint-Georges Zacharie , Dewidar Omar
Published: September 2021

Actes de la conférence: Journée de la recherche de la Faculté de médecine / Conference Proceedings: Faculty of Medicine Research Day
A randomized control trial on early open patient department-based assessment tool for prediction of neurological outcomes at the age of 1 month of life in asphyxiated neonates who underwent whole body cooling at tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Sanadhya Anuradha , Goyal Suresh , Mehrotra Juhi , Malvia Sunny
Published: September 2021

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is standard-of-care for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in developed countries. It should be implemented within 6 hours after delivery, and it has shown to significantly decrease the risk of brain injury in newborns exposed to perinatal hypoxemic ischemic insult with improved neurological outcomes. Objectives of the study were to assess early neurological outcome of neonates with moderate to severe birth asphyxia treated with TH.Methods: A randomized control trial was done in NICU of Balchikitsalaya, RNT medical college, Udaipur, on neonates with evidence of grade II/III HIE. We used phase changing material-FS 21, FS 29 to provide whole body hypothermia for 72 hours within 6 hours of birth and observed the babies for early neurological outcome. Results: A total of 60 neonates were enrolled in the study, 30 as cases, treated with therapeutic hypothermia and 30 as controls in normothermic environment. Neurological assessment was made on the basis of Thompson scoring and Ameil-Tison neurological assessment at term (ATNAT) at one month of age. We observed a better ATNAT score in TH group as compared to controls (p<0.05). Thompson score was significantly less in surviving neonates suggestive of better early neonatal outcome. Conclusions: Statistically significant data suggestive of better early neurological outcomes were seen in the cases treated with 72 hours of hypothermia. These babies not only had lesser Thompson scores, but also showed better tone, and Improved ATNAT scores at 1 month of age, making this study important as an early marker of neurological injury/morbidity in later life.
Validity of dipstick urinalysis for predicting urinary tract infection in febrile children aged 2-12 years in a tertiary care centre, South Kerala
Authors: Cyril Jose P. , Stephenson Baburaj , Kuruvilla Tinu Abraham , Devadas Bobby Christy , Das Lini B. , Baby Suja
Published: September 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) warrants an early accurate diagnosis in children. Use of rapid diagnostic tests like urine dipstick and microscopy was found to be economical and effective. There is lack of sufficient studies on rapid diagnostic tests in developing countries like India. This study looked at the single as well as combination of parameters that provided maximum sensitivity and specificity, providing a better diagnostic criterion in detecting UTI. The objective was to assess the diagnostic validity of urinary dipstick in the diagnosis of UTI in comparison with urinary culture.Methods: This cross-sectional diagnostic evaluation study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Southern Kerala. Total of 75 children between the age group of 2 years to 12 years who attended the paediatric OPD with the clinical features of UTI were included in this study. Two urine samples were obtained in sterile containers. The first urine sample was assessed with dipstick and the second sample was sent for culture to confirm the UTI. The results obtained were analysed using SPSS software.Results: Using culture as gold standard, the results for nitrate alone had lower sensitivity at 69.69%, specificity at 90.4%. The results for LE (LE) alone had higher sensitivity at 81.8%, specificity at 80.95% and the results for combined urine dipstick had higher sensitivity at 84.8% than individual nitrite and LE. The combined positive predictive value (PPV) was lower than individual nitrite and LE 75.6%. The combined negative predictive value (NPV) was higher than individual LE and nitrite at 86.8%.Conclusions: Dipstick urinalysis alone may not be a completely adequate screening tool for UTI. Since urine dipstick test has high sensitivity it can be used as a bedside tool in detecting UTI in children.
Hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo among pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections: a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading contagious respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) which manifests a plethora of health concerns. It may manifest with a wide range of clinical symptoms from no symptoms to respiratory failure and even multi-organ dysfunctions. The COVID-19 infection may present with otological manifestations such as hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and otalgia. The otological manifestations may be due to the involvement of the eustachian tube and cochlea by COVID-19 infections. The damaging effect of the COVID-19 infection on the inner ear is a new finding which is yet to be explored. Pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry are two important investigations for auditory assessment among pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection. Although hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo are not common as fever and cough in COVID-19 patients, however, auditory-vestibular symptoms significantly affect the quality of life. Additionally, the anxiety associated with COVID-19 infections may attribute to aggravation of otoneurological symptoms like tinnitus. However, these otoneurological manifestations like hearing loss will affect the speech of the pediatric patients and result in morbid life in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians or pediatricians should be aware of the otoneurological manifestation in pediatric COVID-19 patients for early identification and management. This review article discusses the details of this epidemiology, etiopathology, assessment, and management of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo among COVID-19 pediatric patients.
Comparative evaluation on clinical success rate of prefabricated zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns in primary molars
Authors: Harshitha A. K. , Ajay Rao H. T. , Sundeep Hegde K. , Sargod Sharan S. , Saloni Mahaveeran Shrivya , Devan Arya
Published: September 2021

To compare the clinical success rate of Prefabricated Zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns on primary molars

: It is an in-vivo study which was performed on 52 pulpally treated primary molars of children aged 4–9 years were randomly divided into two equal groups of stainless steel crown and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns. Tooth preparation was done according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and crowns were cemented. All crowns were cemented with Type I Glass ionomer cement (GIC) luting cement. Crowns were evaluated clinically for its crown retention, marginal integrity and gingival health at 3 months and 6 months.

: Clinical success for stainless steel crowns and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns towards crown retention and marginal integrity were similar with no statistical difference between them. All Prefabricated Zirconia crowns showed healthy gingiva whereas 53.8% (14 out of 26) Stainless Steel crowns showed mild gingival inflammation at 3 and 6 months which was statistically significant (P ≤0.01).

Both prefabricated zirconia and stainless steel crowns showed no statistical difference for crown retention and marginal integrity throughout the study. Gingival health was significantly higher for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns compared with stainless steel crowns. Therefore clinical success rate for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns were better when compared to stainless steel crowns. So Prefabricated Zirconia crowns can be considered as an esthetic alternative in future.
Case report and review of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
Authors: Ishwarya K S Jayarathi , Ramesh V. , Balamurali P. D. , Prashad Karthikshree V
Published: September 2021

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign neoplasia, locally aggressive, that tends to invade bone and adjacent soft tissues. CEOT accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. This article reports two cases of CEOT with different mode of presentation clinically, radiologically and histologically.
Evaluation of the recurrence rate and complications for pterygium treated with limbal conjunctival autograft
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China, Wang Tian-Yu , Yang Min ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China, Zhang Yi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China, Wang Zhao-Yang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation for treating primary pterygium over a period of 3y.
METHODS: Prospective observational consecutive case series. In this study, 264 eyes of 264 patients (142 males and 122 females) with nasal primary pterygium were treated using the technique of limbal conjunctival autograft. The mean ages of the patients were 54.22±15.24y. After excision of the pterygium patients were followed up on 1, 3, 7d and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 36mo. Recurrence of pterygium, complications, operation time and corneal epithelialization time were evaluated.
RESULTS: The average surgery time was 25.7±2.6min. With a minimum 3-year of follow-up, postoperative corneal epithelialization was completed in 3.85±0.72d. Complications were observed in 14 cases. Vision-threating complications such as iritis, scleral thinning symblepharon or ulceration were not detected in the study. Five eyes with graft edema, 3 eyes with granuloma formation and 6 cases with a subconjunctival hematoma in the nasal conjunctiva. By the end of 3-year follow-up, recurrence was detected in 11 cases. The recurrence rate was 4.17%, and the onset of recurrence was 3mo, the average recurrence time was 8mo.
CONCLUSION: There were no severe complications and few recurrences when limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation was performed after long-term follow-up, we suggest that limbal conjunctival autograft transplantation is a safe and effective technique in primary pterygium. We also recommend that 12-month follow-up is optimal on primary pterygium surgery.
Outcomes of scleral buckle technique performed by trainee doctors in retinal detachment
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki 225003, India, Kumar Aalok , Gupta Sanjiv Kumar ,   Department of Ophthalmology, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
Published: September 2021

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of patients operated for retinal detachment by scleral buckle technique done by trainee doctors pursuing postgraduate course in ophthalmology.
METHODS: This study was a non-comparative retrospective case series to evaluate the demography, clinical features and outcomes of patients underwent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repaired by scleral buckle technique from July 2017 to February 2018 at a tertiary care center in India. Records of all these patients were screened. Statistical analyses were performed and using Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test and Nominal Logistic regression.
RESULTS: Totally of 41 patients were included out of which, 32 (78.04%) were males and 9 (21.95%) were females. In our study primary anatomical success rate was 95.12%, with significant visual gain. Postoperative complications were raised intraocular pressure (n=2), new breaks (n=2) and re-detachment in 2 patients which was successfully managed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal tamponade and laser.
CONCLUSION: The study showed that scleral buckle surgeries done by trainee doctors under supervision can achieve a high success rate in patients of RRD both in terms of postoperative anatomical success, visual acuity and complication rates. Thus, scleral buckle surgery can be an acceptable primary procedure for trainee doctors for management of RRD in selected cases despite the various treatment options now available.
Methods for making animal models of retinal vein occlusion
Authors:   Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, Sun Mei , Xie Li-Ke ,   Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China, Jin Qi ,   Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, Wang Shi-Hui ,   Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China, Xu Jing ,   Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
Published: September 2021

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is divided into branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion. It is characterized by retinal vein dilatation and tortuosity, blood flow stasis, bleeding and edema. It is often accompanied by macular edema (ME) and neovascularization. Neovascular glaucoma is the most serious complications. RVO is the second most common cause of visual loss classified under retinal vascular disorders after diabetic retinopathy. So far, the number of patients suffering from retinal vein occlusion has increased, but the pathogenesis of retinal vein occlusion has not been fully understood and there are no treatments that are very long-lasting. The research of animal models on the pathogenesis and treatment of the RVO is very important. Therefore, this article gives a briefly review to the animals and model making methods used in retinal vein occlusion experiments, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various RVO animal models.
Therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine formulation on experimental choroidal neovascularization in mouse
Authors:   Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; The Air Force Hospital from Northern Theater PLA, Shenyang 110092, Liaoning Province, China, Zhang Yu-Fei , Zhou Xiao-Hong ,   Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China, Wei Dong-Yu ,   Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China, Li Shao-Heng ,   School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China, Long Pan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital, Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China, Li Man-Hong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China, Zhang Zuo-Ming ,   Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen Tao ,   Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China, Du Hong-Jun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To investigate therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine formulations, Hexuemingmu (HXMM) on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and follow-up effect in mice.
METHODS: C57BL/6 mice of 8-week-old were used and CNV was induced with 577 nm laser photocoagulation. Animals were randomly divided into groups and different doses of HXMM were administered daily. One, four, and eight weeks after the intervention, the electroretinogram (ERG), fundus fluorescence angiography, choroidal flat mount and immunofluorescence staining were preformed to evaluate the function and CNV formation. The expression levels of angiogenic proteins were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. An analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to test the differences among the groups.
RESULTS: The results showed that HXMM effectively increased amplitude of ERG of mice (P<0.05), alleviated fundus CNV leakage (P<0.05), and reduced the area of neovascularization and the expression of angiogenic proteins (P<0.05) after laser-induced CNV.
CONCLUSION: HXMM can protect the retinal function of mice after laser-induced CNV, and inhibit the CNV development.
Effective treatment for secondary angle-closure glaucoma caused by traumatic lens subluxation: phacoemulsification with capsular-tension-ring implantation combined with ophthalmic endoscope-controlled goniosynechialysis
Authors:   School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Dai Qi , Liu Xin-Yi ,   School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Pan Wei-Hua ,   School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: September 2021

AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification with capsular-tension-ring implantation and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with ophthalmic endoscope-controlled goniosynechialysis (Phaco-CTR-IOL-OE-GSL) for treating secondary angle-closure glaucoma induced by traumatic lens subluxation.
METHODS: A retrospective and descriptive study was performed on patients with lens subluxation, angle closure, goniosynechia, and evaluated intraocular pressure (IOP) that cannot be controlled with medication, who underwent Phaco-CTR-IOL-OE-GSL. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, range of goniosynechia and complications were retrospectively observed.
RESULTS: Nine patients with secondary angle-closure glaucoma induced by traumatic lens subluxation were included. The follow-up period was 51.1±8.6mo. The preoperative range of zonule rupture was 158.2°±33.0°, and the range of goniosynechia was 220.0°±92.5°. The baseline BCVA was 0.9±1.0 logMAR, IOP was 30.7±17.3 mm Hg, and number of anti-glaucoma medication was 3.2±1.1. Mild intraoperative hyphaemia with 8 eyes (88.8%) in the anterior chamber, and was absorbed two days postoperatively. One eye (11.1%) had postoperative ciliary body detachment and was recovered after five days of topical drug treatment. BCVA was 0.2±0.2 logMAR at 3mo postoperatively. The average IOP at the last follow-up was 16.7±2.0 mm Hg, and no anti-glaucoma medications were used. The average range of recurrent goniosynechia was 54.9°±33° at the final postoperative gonioscopic examination.
CONCLUSION: Phaco-CTR-IOL-OE-GSL is safe and effective in the treatment of secondary angle-closure glaucoma induced by traumatic lens subluxation. The use of an endoscope provides a more direct and clear examination for GSL, and 360° dissection is easily achieved.
Validation of the Arabic version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire
Authors:   Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan, Bakkar May M. , Qadire Mohammad Al ,   Department of Adult Health, Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
Published: September 2021

AIM: To develop an Arabic version of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and to assess its reliability and validity.
METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out to validate the Arabic version of the OSDI questionnaire. Initially, forward-backward translation was used to translate the English version of OSDI into Arabic. The translated questionnaire was tested for equivalence and cultural adaptability. Totally 200 subjects were then recruited from a non-clinical population and asked to complete the Arabic version of the OSDI (ARB-OSDI). The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s-α. A subgroup of 30 participants was asked to complete the questionnaire on two occasions to test the test-retest reliability.
RESULTS: A total of 200 participants were enrolled in the study. The average age of the study participants was 31.21±13.2y and 57% were male. An acceptable internal consistency level for the ARB-OSDI questionnaire measured by Cronbach’s-α was revealed. All questions showed good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability analysis revealed good stability (interclass correlation coefficient, r=0.832, P<0.001). The construct validity for the questionnaire was also high.
CONCLUSION: The ARB-OSDI questionnaire shows very good psychometric properties (acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability). That makes the questionnaire a valid potential tool to use in Arabic-speaking countries to monitor symptoms of dry eye disease in a larger population.