bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Chagas Disease in the Ecuadorian Amazon: Maternal Screening at Delivery and Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Vector Exposure
Authors: Restrepo Zambrano Marion , Rouset Faustine , Carrasco Otita F. , Echeverría Murillo Diana , Costales Jaime A. , Brenière Simone Frédérique
Published: October 2019

Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi remains a major route for Chagas disease transmission in endemic and non-endemic regions. We evaluated an intervention strategy aimed to detect congenital Chagas disease cases at a major hospital in the Ecuadorian Amazon via cord blood analysis at the time of delivery. All women giving birth at the hospital during the study period (191) were invited to participate. Among them, two (1.0%) did not adjust to the inclusion criteria and four (2.1%) declined to participate in the study, showing the intervention had good acceptability among the mothers. It was possible to obtain cord blood samples during 146 of the deliveries, and only one woman was found to be seropositive, without evidence of transmission to the newborn at delivery or 8 months later. In addition, sociodemographic and economic characterization of the study population revealed that few women had previous knowledge about Chagas disease (16.1%) whereas more than half (62.5%) recognized the vector. Recognizing the vector and having seen it indoors were associated with women from rural families, involved in agriculture, and hunting in the forest. Interestingly, most women (87.3%) reported having easy access to Ecuador’s national health system, suggesting serological screening during prenatal visits would be of value in this province. With a proper prenatal screening system in place, cord blood screening would allow for timely detection of T. cruzi infection in newborns from both seropositive women and the minority (2.1%) of women who do not comply with prenatal care visits.
Case Report: Acute Amebic Colitis Triggered by Colonoscopy: Exacerbation of Asymptomatic Chronic Infection with Entamoeba histolytica Accompanied by Dysbiosis
Authors: Yanagawa Yasuaki , Arisaka Takahiro , Kawai Satoru , Nakada-Tsukui Kumiko , Fukushima Atsuhito , Hiraishi Hideyuki , Chigusa Yuichi , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi , Nozaki Tomoyoshi , Watanabe Koji
Published: October 2019

Recent data show that the gut microbiome plays a role in determining the clinical outcome of Entamoeba histolytica infection. We report the case of a patient who developed recurrent acute amebic colitis (second episode of acute colitis) after colonoscopy. Genotyping of E. histolytica revealed that she developed a second episode of acute amebic colitis with the same genotype as that of the first episode, indicating chronic infection had persisted asymptomatically for > 10 months between the first and second episodes. Analysis of the gut microbiome, in addition to the clinical findings, suggested that dysbiosis at colonoscopy induced the change in the clinical form of E. histolytica infection from asymptomatic chronic infection to symptomatic colitis.
Too many evenings. Learning Democracy from a Participatory Budget Process
Authors: Lucio-Villegas Emilio
Published: October 2019

In this article, I reflect on experiences linking adult education to citizenship and participation. I consider citizenship to be connected to social justice and social inclusion. I suggest that a key element in citizenship is participating in public issues which concern life in communities in order to build an egalitarian relationship among people. In this article, I connect participation to a singular experience: the Participatory Budget Experiment in the city of Seville from 2003 to 2007. I explore specific experiences within adult education through participatory research and the elaboration of teaching materials addressed to this end. Finally, I reflect on the consequences of these experiences for an emancipatory adult education that aims to teach and learn democracy.
Bayesian Analysis of the Relationship Between Belief Conflict and Occupational Dysfunction
Authors: Kyougoku Makoto , Teraoka Mutsumi
Published: October 2019

Importance: Elucidation of the relationship between belief conflict and occupational dysfunction in occupational health is needed. Knowledge of this relationship is important to the development of preventive occupational therapy.

Objective: To examine the relationship between belief conflict and occupational dysfunction.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited via nonrandom sampling, and data were analyzed with Bayesian modeling.

Setting: Health care institutions in Japan.

Participants: Participants were 890 health care workers.

Outcomes and Measures: Data were collected by means of the Participant Profile, the Assessment of Belief Conflict in Relationship–14 (ABCR–14), and the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction.

Results: Belief conflict and occupational dysfunction showed moderate to strong positive correlations. The cutoff value for the ABCR–14 was estimated to be 58 points. The odds ratio indicated that groups with high belief conflict were very likely to experience occupational dysfunction.

Conclusions and Relevance: These findings show that belief conflict and occupational dysfunction are more than moderately associated. Longitudinal studies are needed to prove the causal relationship between belief conflict and occupational dysfunction.

What This Article Adds: Considering that those falling into the high-belief-conflict group are likely to experience occupational dysfunction, it is necessary to focus efforts not only on teamwork but also on the improvement of health. Preventive occupational therapy needs to assume a leading role in improving the occupational health of health care workers who experience belief conflict and occupational dysfunction.
Cultural Adaptation of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile for Spain
Authors: Gándara-Gafo Berta , Riego Sergio Santos-del , Viana-Moldes Inés , Muñiz Javier
Published: October 2019

Importance: In Spain, culturally adapted tools are needed to assess sensory processing in adolescents and adults.

Objective: To adapt the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) so that it is culturally appropriate for use in Spain.

Design: Following standard procedures for cultural adaptation, we completed direct and back translation, conducted cognitive interviews, and examined test–retest reliability.

Participants: Cognitive interviews were conducted with 18 participants ages 11–13 yr. Test–retest reliability was calculated with different samples of 30 participants who were Spanish speaking only and 30 who were Spanish and English speaking.

Results: The cognitive interviews revealed no serious difficulties in comprehension. The linguistic expert made necessary adjustments, and test–retest reliability of items showed low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; i.e., <.50) for two items in the monolingual group and five items in the bilingual group. These items were reviewed and revised by the linguistic expert, and subsequent test–retest reliability showed only one item with an ICC of <.50.

Conclusions and Relevance: The cultural adaptation of the AASP for Spain is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original version and provides a culturally sensitive measure of sensory processing for adolescent and adult Spanish populations.

What This Article Adds: The cultural adaptation of assessment tools is an essential part of occupational therapy clinical intervention. We describe the cultural adaptation to Spain of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.
Supervisión en Arteterapia: perspectivas y modelos en intervención clínica y social
Authors: Ramos Cristina , Hernández Ana
Published: October 2019

Presentamos este monográfico con el objetivo de ampliar y actualizar la mirada en torno a la Supervisión en Arteterapia, la cual se convierte en una herramienta fundamental de nuestra práctica al igual que se da en otras disciplinas familiares como son las psicoterapias y las terapias expresivas.
Criterios de selección en mujeres y varones heterosexuales: capital erótico y las expectativas de género
Authors: Palumbo Mariana
Published: October 2019

En este artículo analizo, desde una metodología cualitativa, dos de los criterios de selección que intervienen al momento de sociabilizar erótica y/o afectivamente: el capital erótico y las expectativas de roles de género, en mujeres y varones cis heterosexuales adultos/as de sectores medios que residen en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que no están en pareja y que buscan en espacios formales de búsqueda –cara a cara y virtuales–vínculos eróticos y/o afectivos.
CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT – INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE CLUSTERS
Authors: Staszewska Jolanta
Published: October 2019

Cluster issues are the subject of many considerations and analyzes. This article presents the content referring to functioning automotive clusters in the Śląskie Voivodeship in Poland and Slovakia. The aim of the articles is presentation and comparative analysis of two automotive clusters operating in different countries and a comparison of their development opportunities through SWOT / TOWS analysis. The article presents general information related to the cluster concept, characteristics of clusters in Slovakia and Poland and results of network comparisons taking into account the strategic approach through SWOT / TOWS. Factors stimulating the development of the automotive cluster in Poland and Slovakia in relation to the final results of strategic analysis were indicated.
Sistemas Emergentes na Saúde Pública Brasileira: Uma Análise do Uso do Whatsapp para Diagnósticos Oncológicos
Authors: Luís Freire de Castro Silva Sandro , Mendes de Araujo Renata , Fornazin Marcelo , Pereira dos Santos Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

A implantação de sistemas de informação em saúde no contexto brasileiro é uma tarefa árdua. A complexidade deste processo não está limitada ao olhar estritamente técnico, mas contempla também as interações e dinâmicas sociais. O entendimento desta complexidade passa por compreender a natureza de urgência da prestação de serviços de saúde e, em especial, o uso de sistemas sociais emergentes para apoio a essas atividades. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso que analisa o Whatsapp como um sistema emergente em uso por um grupo de médicos em meio ao contexto dos diagnósticos oncológicos. A complexidade neste contexto foi observada tendo como base a teoria do pensamento sistêmico.
Aná́lise do Mecanismo de Incentivo Prefeitura em Locais do Foursquare-Swarm
Authors: De Oliveira Souza William , Mota Vinícius F. S. , Silva Thiago H.
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o mecanismo de incentivo prefei- tura utilizado no Foursquare-Swarm. Prefeito e ́ o usua ́rio que mais realizou check- ins1 nos u ́ltimos trinta dias em um determinado local. Atrave ́s de um monitoramento automa ́tico temporal, estudamos como ocorrem as alternaˆncias e disputa de prefeitos nos locais. Foram coletados dados de centenas de locais em Curitiba (Brasil) e Chi- cago (Estados Unidos). Identificamos, por exemplo, que grandes redes americanas de alimentac ̧a ̃o podem influenciar mais significativamente a disputa por prefeitura em Curitiba. Este estudo fornece um melhor entendimento do mecanismo de incen- tivo prefeitura, ajudando a determinar locais em que o mesmo e ́ vantajoso. Isso pode auxiliar no aprimoramento do engajamento de usua ́rios em sistemas da web social.
Um Negócio de Dois Mundos: Aspectos da Morte no Mundo Físico Transpostos para Memoriais Digitais
Authors: Ueda Gustavo S. , Verhalen Aline , Maciel Cristiano
Published: October 2019

O planejamento de aspectos ligados a morte de usuários na Web Social tem reflexo sobre a concepção de sistemas. Todavia, que elementos relacionados ao planejamento desses aspectos ligados a morte no mundo real podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de sistemas nesta área? Essa pesquisa visa entender tais aspectos, a fim de propor alternativas úteis a diferentes softwares, em especial, aos memoriais digitais. Para tal, de forma exploratória, e apoiados por pesquisa bibliográfica, foram realizadas entrevistas em ambientes comerciais que oferecem serviços relacionados a morte. Como resultado, são propostas reflexões de um plano de memorial, considerando aspectos volitivos do legado digital em sistemas de memorial digital.
China's Insurance Regulatory and Supervisory Regime
Authors: Qian Wenyu
Published: October 2019

The book closely examines the essential aspects of China’s insurance regulatory and supervisory regime, including rule-making, supervisory objectives, supervisory review process, supervisory measures, supervisory transparency and public consultation.
The research aim is to identify the weaknesses inherent in China’s insurance regulatory model and supervisory mechanisms, and to seek the appropriate ways of resolving these weaknesses. The analysis is conducted through a comparison with the regulatory and supervisory approaches under the EU’s Solvency II regime, which serve as a point of reference to facilitate the determination of the foregoing weaknesses and the corresponding resolutions.
Dr. Wenyu Qian, LL.M. specialises in insurance and banking law. He has researched into financial law at the universities in Frankfurt and Shanghai for years. His current research interest is in insurance regulation.
Redescription of Chrysidea pumiloides Zimmermann, 1956, and description of three new species of Chrysidea from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Authors: Mita Toshiharu , Rosa Paolo
Published: October 2019

Chrysidea pumiloides Zimmermann, 1956 and its Malagasy allies are taxonomically revised. As a result, C. pumiloides and C. phoebe Zimmermann, 1956 are redescribed; two new species, C. vazimba sp. nov. and C. merina sp. nov., are described from museum collections, and another new species, C. rioae sp. nov., is described based on a male recently collected in Southern Madagascar, at Berenty Reserve. The habitus of the holotypes and the male genitalia are illustrated and the key to Malagasy Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913 is updated.
GOVERNANÇA E CONTROLADORIA NO SETOR PÚBLICO: UMA ANÁLISE DO GOVERNO E DA CONTROLADORIA-GERAL DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Messias Diego , Walter Silvana Anita
Published: October 2019

Assim como na iniciativa privada, a governança e seus instrumentos são igualmente aplicáveis às instituições da administração pública, visando relacionar os objetivos políticos de forma eficiente e eficaz, além de proporcionar informações transparentes e fidedignas acerca de seus atos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou identificar se as informações divulgadas nos relatórios do Governo e da Controladoria-Geral do Estado de Minas Gerais atendem às recomendações de governança estabelecidas no Estudo nº 13 da Federação Internacional dos Contadores (IFAC). Realizaram-se pesquisa bibliográfica e posterior levantamento documental dos relatórios e demais informações disponibilizadas no portal eletrônico do ente governamental quanto à prestação de contas para a sociedade. A seguir, analisou-se o conteúdo dos documentos selecionados, conforme os preceitos de Bardin (2004), de forma a identificar sua estrutura e conteúdo para comparação com as diretrizes da IFAC. Verificou-se que o governo mineiro atende parcialmente às recomendações quanto à dimensão dos relatórios externos, apresentando as maiores divergências no relatório anual de prestação de contas.
ANÁLISE DOS BENEFÍCIOS E MODALIDADES DO SEGURO DESEMPREGO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE MARINGÁ/PR
Authors: Fonseca Danilo Da Silva , Favero Marcela Bortotti , Caobianco Camila Chirnev , Chierrito-Arruda Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma breve análise da quantidade de benefícios de Seguro-desemprego nas modalidades Formal e Empregado Doméstico concedidos na região metropolitana de Maringá/PR. Os dados são apresentados através de gráficos comparativos em forma de três grupos de cidades com o mesmo porte populacional, e, assim, faz-se uma breve análise das concessões desses benefícios e abordam-se também as leis que regulam o programa nas cinco modalidades existentes atualmente. São as modalidades: Seguro-Desemprego Trabalhador Formal, Seguro-Desemprego de Empregado Doméstico, Seguro-Desemprego de Trabalhador Resgatado, Seguro-Desemprego de Pescador Artesanal e Bolsa Qualificação. Também, esclarece-se sobre a instituição FAT (Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador), que é um fundo vinculado ao Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego que tem por objetivo principal custear o programa de seguro-desemprego e financiar programas de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, como cursos para capacitação profissional via Pronatec (Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego). Entre os resultados, destacou-se o impacto da seguridade para a categoria das domésticas, que conquistou direitos trabalhistas recentemente. Entre as análises, compreende-se que a modalidade Formal é a mais utilizada na região. Nas cidades de maior porte populacional (35 mil habitantes), foi perceptível um movimento em ascensão do uso de seguridade entre os anos de 2016 e 2017, período que reflete a crise política e econômica nacional. Este estudo revelou a urgência de garantir direitos trabalhistas, principalmente para grupos sociais que são excluídos da possibilidade de trabalhos formais, como era o caso das domésticas.
Enfermagem e epidermólise bolhosa: concepção sobre a doença genética: revisão integrativa
Authors: Rodrigues Wellington Pereira , Gonçalves Priscila Dantas , Soares Cinthia Caldas Rios , Soares Leonardo Fabrício Gomes , Pereira Renan Sallazar Ferreira , Soares Ana Paula Gomes
Published: October 2019

A Epidermólise Bolhosa (EB) hereditária é uma doença secundária a mutações de genes responsáveis pela formação de proteínas que permitem a coesão entre as diferentes camadas da pele. O trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a causalidade da Epidermólise bolhosa vinculado a concepção da enfermagem frente a essa doença crônica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, do tipo revisão integrativa, em que foram selecionadas algumas bases de dados para serem utilizados para a busca, que foram: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) e na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de Dados da Enfermagem (BDENF). A principal característica da EB é o surgimento de feridas crônicas na pele que geralmente são pequenas, numerosas, dolorosas, desconfortáveis e com grande quantidade de exsudato. Perceberam-se que, os enfermeiros, geralmente, são empáticos diante dos pacientes, reconhecendo e compreendendo o sofrimento vivenciado por estes, bem como pelos cuidadores. Ressalta-se, ainda, o fato de os enfermeiros generalistas apresentarem dificuldades em tratar um paciente com EB, pois se sentem despreparados frente às necessidades que a patologia exige. Portanto, a avaliação precoce da ferida e o manejo adequado de tratamento são os pilares do cuidado a esses pacientes. O uso dessa prática medicinal no tratamento de feridas apresenta vários efeitos satisfatórios, entretanto há necessidade de mais estudos para garantir uma prática mais segura.
THE STRUCTURE OF MOTOR SKILLS AMONG THE STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF SECURITY STUDIES
Authors: Paspalj Darko , Guzvica Milan , Vulin Lazar
Published: October 2019

A system of 16 motor variables was used to determine thestructure of motor skills in a sample of 84 students at the Faculty of SecuritySciences in Banja Luka. By using factor analysis according to the Kaiser-Guttmanrule, 6 latent motor dimensions were determined. The first factor is defined asthe factor for the structuring movement mechanism, because it is presentedwith the variables used to assess coordination and movement frequency. Thesecond factor is defined as the factor for the mechanism for regulating excitationduration, because it is represented by the measures used to assess the repetitiveand static strength of arms, body, and legs. The third factor is defined as thefactor for the tone regulation and synergistic regulation mechanism, becauseit is represented by the variables used to assess the measures of flexibility. Thefourth factor is defined as the factor for the excitation intensity mechanism,because it is represented by the variable used to assess explosive power throughthe run speed capability. The fifth factor is also defined as the factor forsynergistic regulation and tonus regulation, because it is represented by thevariable used to assess balance, while the sixth factor is defined as the factor forexcitation intensity, because it is represented by three variables used to assessexplosive power and one variable used to assess flexibility. This paper is anattempt to demonstrate that the distinguished hierarchical structure of motorskills is of exceptional theoretical and practical value, whereby these factorsshould represent a determinant for predicting motor skills and programingoperator training in special physical education classes.
О КВАНТНОЈ КРИПТОГРАФИЈИ
Authors: Јаћимовски Стево , Шетрајчић Јован , Ламовец Јелена
Published: October 2019

Крајем двадесетог века човечанство je ушло у еру инфор-мационих технологија. ИТ индустрија, која се бави производњом, обрадом,складиштењем и преносом информација, постала је саставни дeо глобалногекономског система, потпуно независан и прилично значајан сектор привре-де. Зависност савременог друштва од информационих технологија је толиковелика да пропусти у информационим системима могу довести до значај-них инцидената. Телекомуникацијe су кључна индустрија информационихтехнологија. Међутим, информације су током транспорта веома осетљивена разне врсте злоупотреба. Јединице за складиштење и обраду податакамогу бити физички заштићене од недобронамерних, што се не може рећи закомуникационе линије које се протежу на стотине или хиљаде километара икоје је готово немогуће заштитити. Стога је проблем заштите информацијау сфери телекомуникација веома значајан. Криптологија као наука и по-себно њен део криптографија управо се баве овом проблематиком. Квантнакриптографија је релативно новија област која се бави обезбеђењем сигурнекомуникације између пошиљаоца и примаоца информације, користећи за-коне квантне физике. Циљ рада је да се упознамо са принципима квантнедистрибуције кључа за кодирање информација и основним проблемима којисе јављају при његовој реализацији.
Relatives of Children Bearing Sickle Cell Anemia: Knowledge and Practice / O Familiar da Criança com Doença Falciforme: Saberes e Práticas
Authors: Pacheco Danielly Pereira , Da Costa Brisa Cesária , Nunes Nascimento Luciana de Cássia , De Souza Tânia Vignuda , Bastos Depianti Jéssica Renata , Laignier Mariana Rabello
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: descrever a tipologia do cuidado realizado pelo familiar à criança com doença falciforme segundo Colliére. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido com familiares de crianças com doença falciforme, em um hospital geral de Vitória por meio da entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram interpretados à luz do Referencial Teórico de Collière e submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: a família se deparada com profissionais despreparados no momento da descoberta da doença. Quanto aos cuidados, houve predomínio dos cuidados de manutenção relacionados ao momento do diagnostico, brincadeiras, medicação diária, hidratação corporal, alimentação, eliminação e roupas. Já os reparadores ficaram restritos a situações emergenciais. Considerações finais: é necessário capacitar os profissionais que atendem as crianças com doença falciforme para melhor satisfação das suas necessidades e de sua família.
Visibility of the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing in the Newspaper (1951-1952) / Visibilidade da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto na Imprensa Escrita (1951-1952)
Authors: Marcussi Elaine , Luchesi Luciana Barizon , Porto Fernando Rocha , Vanin Júlio Cesar , De Almeida Camila Souza
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: analisar a visibilidade Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, anexa à Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, no momento de sua criação legal, em quatro jornais da cidade. Método: trata-se de pesquisa de perspectiva histórica, tendo como eixo norteador a Micro História e as noções de campo jornalístico de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: localizaram-se 14 matérias jornalísticas sobre a Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e/ou enfermagem/enfermeiro(a). Conclusão: Houve visibilidade da instituição no texto jornalístico, no momento de sua criação legal, embora não tenha constituído o centro de nenhuma das notícias. A importância da instituição se apresenta de forma ambivalente; aquela que agrega capital científico ou aquela que está sob a tutela da medicina. Isso pode estar relacionado ao fato de que sua primeira diretora e criadora ainda não estava presente na cidade no momento do estudo.
Environmental/Occupational Exposure to Pesticides of Pregnant Women Living in a Countryside Municipality / Exposição Ambiental/Ocupacional aos Agrotóxicos em Gestantes Residentes em um Município Rural
Authors: Silva Maria Isabel Gonçalves da , Siebel Anna Maria , Busato Maria Assunta , De Sá Clodoaldo Antônio , Corralo Vanessa da Silva
Published: October 2019

RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar se a exposição ambiental ou ocupacional aos agrotóxicos causa alterações em gestantes residentes em um município rural. Métodos: Compuseram a amostra 23 gestantes, que responderam a um questionário e doaram amostras biológicas para a realização dos testes de micronúcleos (MN) em linfócitos, em células do epitélio oral, e para a dosagem da atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase eritrocitária. Resultados: Obteve-se uma média de 8 ± 2,92 MN/1000 células do epitélio oral analisadas em amostras de participantes da zona urbana, 6,82 ± 3,43 MN/1000 de participantes da zona rural, e 100% das lâminas continham células com dois MN, o que demonstra lesões ao DNA de maior intensidade. Encontrou-se uma frequência elevada de casos de abortos espontâneos (34,8%), superior à encontrada no Brasil. Conclusão: A exposição de gestantes residentes em um município rural aos agrotóxicos eleva a taxa de abortos espontâneos, bem como as chances de ocorrência de efeitos mutagênicos.
Planar Silicene: A New Silicon Allotrope Epitaxially Grown by Segregation
Authors: Stpniak‐Dybala Agnieszka , Dyniec Paweł , Kopciuszyski Marek , Zdyb Ryszard , Jałochowski Mieczysław , Krawiec Mariusz
Published: October 2019

2D sheets of graphene‐like silicon, namely planar silicene, are synthesized. This new silicon allotrope is prepared on Au(111) thin films grown on a Si(111) substrate in the process of surface segregation. Owing to its almost perfectly flat geometry it shares the atomic structure with graphene rather than with low‐buckled silicene. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements clearly display an atomically resolved planar silicene honeycomb lattice. Ab initio density functional theory calculations fully support the experimental findings and predict a pure sp2 atomic configuration of Si atoms. The present work is the first experimental evidence of epitaxial planar silicene.
Reaction of Cycloalkene‐1‐carboxamides with Aryl Boronates via Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation: A Versatile Route to 3,4‐Cycloalkaquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Zhu You‐Quan , Hui Li‐Wen , Niu Yun‐Xia , Lv Lin‐Ge , Zhu Kun
Published: October 2019

Under rhodium(III) catalysis, substituted N‐methoxycycloalkene‐1‐carboxamides successfully reacted with aryl boronic acid pinacol esters to provide 3,4‐cycloalkaquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones via direct functionalization of the β‐alkenyl C−H bond and form C−C/C−N bond in one pot. The gram‐scale synthesis of the title compound demonstrated the great synthetic utility of this methodology.

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Atomic‐Local Environments of Single‐Atom Catalysts: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Activity
Authors: Lai Wei‐Hong , Miao Zongcheng , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: October 2019

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) hold great promise for maximizing atomic efficiency of supported metals via the ultimate utilization of every single atom. The foreign isolated substitutions anchored on different supports build varieties of local structural centers, changing the physical and chemical properties. Thus, distinct atomic local environments for single‐atom catalysts are essential for determining superior catalytic performance for a wide variety of chemical reactions. The examples of synthesizing single atoms on various supports presented here deepen the understanding of the different structural and electronic properties of SACs, in which the metal single atom does not bind with any other atoms of this metal, but substantially interacts with the support ions. Due to the strong support effects, the ubiquitous aggregation of metal single atoms can be addressed, achieving highly stable SACs. This review discusses recent progress in theoretical electronic effects between atomic dopants and supports, which reveal the electronic structures of various SACs and offers guidance for rational prediction and design of highly stable and reactive SACs. It is argued that tuning this interaction by the selection of the supports toward favorable atomic and electronic structures on the surface should be taken into consideration for the development of more efficient SACs.
Output feedback stabilization of cascaded ODE‐Wave equations with time delay in observation
Authors: Than Aye Aye , Wang Jun‐Min
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we are concerned with the stabilization of a cascaded ODE‐wave system subject to boundary observation with time delay. Well‐posedness of the open‐loop system is observable to show first. Both observer and predictor systems are designed to estimate the state variable on the time interval [0,t−τ] when the observation is available, and to predict the state variable on the time interval [t−τ,t] when the observation is not available respectively. Next, we transform the original system to the well‐posed and exponentially stable system by the backstepping method. Based on the estimated state variable and the output feedback stabilizing controller using the backstepping method. It is shown that the closed‐loop system is exponentially stable. The numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the effect of the stabilizing controller.
Node‐to‐node consensus of multi‐agent networks with event‐triggered control and packet losses
Authors: Li Ling , Hu Aihua , Gao Haiyun
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the node‐to‐node consensus problem for multi‐agent networks possessing a leaders' layer and a followers' layer via the pinning control. In order to realize the consensus and reduce the update frequency of the controller, a suitable event‐triggered mechanism is introduced into the control strategy. Furthermore, the phenomenon of packet loss is considered in the designed controller. Based on the M‐matrix theory and Lyapunov stability theory, this paper presents the sufficient conditions for the node‐to‐node consensus of networks. Meanwhile, it is proved that the Zeno behaviour is excluded. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Facile preparation of high fluorescent carbon quantum dots from orange waste peels for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Surendran Pandiyan , Lakshmanan Arumugam , Vinitha Gandhirajan , Ramalingam Gopal , Rameshkumar Pitchan
Published: October 2019

A facile and eco‐friendly hydrothermal method was used to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using orange waste peels. The synthesized CQDs were well dispersed and the average diameter was 2.9 ± 0.5 nm. Functional group identification of the CQDs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis. Fluorescence properties of the synthesized CQDs exhibited blue emission. The fluorescence quantum yield of the CQDs was around 11.37% at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The higher order nonlinear optical properties were examined using a Z‐scan technique and a continuous wave laser that was operated at a wavelength of 532 nm. Results demonstrated that the synthesis of CQDs can be considered as promising for optical switching devices, bio‐scanning, and bio‐imaging for optoelectronic applications.
Excision of both pretreatment marked positive nodes and sentinel nodes improves axillary staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Simons J M , van Pelt M L M A , Marinelli A W K S , Straver M E , Zeillemaker A M , Pereira Arias-Bouda L M , van Nijnatten T J A , Koppert L B , Hunt K K , Smidt M L , Luiten E J T , van der Pol C C
Published: October 2019

Background

Marking the axilla with radioactive iodine seed and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been proposed for axillary staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in clinically node-positive breast cancer. This study evaluated the identification rate and detection of residual disease with combined excision of pretreatment-positive marked lymph nodes (MLNs) together with SLNs.

Methods

This was a multicentre retrospective analysis of patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy and the combination procedure (with or without axillary lymph node dissection). The identification rate and detection of axillary residual disease were calculated for the combination procedure, and for MLNs and SLNs separately.

Results

At least one MLN and/or SLN(s) were identified by the combination procedure in 138 of 139 patients (identification rate 99·3 per cent). The identification rate was 92·8 per cent for MLNs alone and 87·8 per cent for SLNs alone. In 88 of 139 patients (63·3 per cent) residual axillary disease was detected by the combination procedure. Residual disease was shown only in the MLN in 20 of 88 patients (23 per cent) and only in the SLN in ten of 88 (11 per cent), whereas both the MLN and SLN contained residual disease in the remainder (58 of 88, 66 per cent).

Conclusion

Excision of the pretreatment-positive MLN together with SLNs after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients with clinically node-positive disease resulted in a higher identification rate and improved detection of residual axillary disease.
Structure and Band Alignment Engineering of CdS/TiO2/Bi2WO6 Trilayer Nanoflake Array for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Cheng , Tian Wei , Xu Weiwei , Cao Fengren , Li Liang
Published: October 2019

Designing photoanode materials with desirable architecture and band alignment is essential for boosting photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. Herein, a trilayer CdS/TiO2/Bi2WO6 guest‐host photoanode is designed and fabricated, in which highly‐porous Bi2WO6 nanoflake array serves as the host skeleton, while CdS nanoparticles function as superb visible light absorber. An ultrathin TiO2 interlayer is rationally inserted between Bi2WO6 and CdS, which not only assists the uniform growth of CdS, but also serves as a band‐matching semiconductor to promote the charge transport. By optimizing the thickness of TiO2 layer, the resulting trilayer photoanode exhibits higher PEC performance (2.62/4.91 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode without/with the presence of hole scavenger) under AM 1.5G illumination compared with pristine CdS film. The enhancement of PEC performance is attributed to the enlarged surface area and superior light harvesting ability of the 3D nanoflake nanostructure, and improved charge transport efficiency resulting from the cascaded energy level structure.
Area‐Step Cyclic Voltammetry for Assessing Local Electrocatalytic Activity of Gradient Materials
Authors: Liu Jing‐Jing , Yang Xiao‐Fan , Li Fang , Yang Zhenzhen , Xie Jianhui , Li Yulin , He Jian‐Bo
Published: October 2019

This work presents a voltammetric method for measuring the electrocatalytic activity of gradient materials as a function of position across the material surface. The Ni−Cu−Fe gradient alloys are deposited on nickel substrates by bipolar electrochemistry and tested as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We attempt “area‐step” cyclic voltammetry to continuously measure the local electrocatalytic activity of the gradient alloys, by serially increasing the contact area between the electrolyte and the gradient surface. The local surface roughness can also be characterized using the same procedure. The parallel experiments consistently point to the same position where presents the highest intrinsic OER activity. Both the Fe content in the alloys and the surface roughness play important roles in the OER.
Sustainable Membrane‐Coated Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction to Methanol in Alkaline Media
Authors: Marcos‐Madrazo Aitor , Casado‐Coterillo Clara , Irabien Ángel
Published: October 2019

CO2 electroreduction has high potential to combine carbon capture utilization and energy storage from renewable sources. The key challenge is the construction of highly efficient electrodes giving optimal CO2 conversion to high‐value products. In this regard, research on electrode structures remains as an important task to face. Despite the advancements in gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) to facilitate CO2 transfer and electrode efficiency, the catalyst is still vulnerable to be swept by the gas and liquid electrolyte, reducing the stability. We report the fabrication of novel membrane‐coated electrodes (MCEs), by coating an anion exchange membrane over a copper (Cu) : chitosan (CS) catalyst layer onto the carbon paper. CS and poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) were chosen for membrane preparation and catalyst binder, where Cu was embedded in the polymer matrix as nanoparticles or ion‐exchanged in a layered stannosilicate or zeolite Y, to improve their hydrophilic, conductive, mechanical, and environmentally‐friendly properties considered relevant to the sustainability of the electrode fabrication and performance. The intimate connection between the CS : PVA polymer membrane over‐layer and the CS/Cu catalytic layer protects the MCEs from material losses, enhancing the CO2 conversion to methanol, even in high alkaline medium. A maximum Faraday Efficiency to methanol of 68.05 % was achieved for the 10CuY/CS : PVA membrane over‐layer.
On the Aggregation Behaviour and Spectroscopic Properties of Alkylated and Annelated Boron‐Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Descalzo Ana B. , Ashokkumar Pichandi , Shen Zhen , Rurack Knut
Published: October 2019

The tendency of boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes to associate in water is well known, and usually a cause for inferior fluorescence properties. Synthetic efforts to chemically improve BODIPYs’ water solubility and minimize this problem have been numerous in the past. However, a deeper understanding of the phenomena responsible for fluorescence quenching is still required. Commonly, the spectroscopic behaviour in aqueous media has been attributed to aggregate or excimer formation, with such works often centring on a single BODIPY family. Herein, we provide an integrating discussion including very diverse types of BODIPY dyes. Our studies revealed that even subtle structural changes can distinctly affect the association behaviour of the fluorophores in water, involving different photophysical processes. The palette of behaviour found ranges from unperturbed emission, to the formation of H or J aggregates and excimers, to the involvement of tightly bound, pre‐formed excimers. These results are a first step to a more generalized understanding of spectroscopic propertiesvs. structure, facilitating future molecular design of BODIPYs, especially as probes for biological applications.
Metrics of disturbance in a redwood forest ecosystem: responses of stream amphibians to repeated sediment infusions
Authors: Welsh Hartwell H. , Cummings Adam K. , Hodgson Garth R.
Published: October 2019

Disturbances are part of the natural dynamics of Earth's ecosystems, with these events more common now in the Anthropocene. Yet metrics for calibrating these impacts and measuring an ecosystem's capacity to recover are lacking. Highway construction in 1989 to bypass Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park in California resulted in storm‐driven infusion of exposed sediments into five streams; five nearby streams that were not intersected by the bypass construction were not affected by this event and served as controls for a natural experiment. A second large storm event in 1995 contributed sediment loads into all ten streams resulting in a disturbance gradient that allowed us to examine the effects of repeated sediment disturbances. We evaluated the impacts of these stresses on three resident stream amphibian species in 1990 and again in 1996. In 1990, the impacted streams had sixfold higher pool sediment loads and significantly lower larval tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) densities and lower densities of coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and southern torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton variegatus) compared with the un‐impacted streams. During the six years between these storm events, pool bowl sediment loads increased 14‐fold in the previously un‐impacted streams and threefold in the previously impacted streams. Larval tailed frogs and torrent salamanders further declined in both sets of streams in 1996 although non‐significantly. In contrast, giant salamander densities increased in both stream sets. Of the three species, giant salamanders appeared the most resistant to the depositional events, while the other two species appeared to decline relative to the intensity of the sediment disturbances but still persist. We believe these results demonstrate the usefulness of these three amphibians as metrics for measuring the effects of this common disturbance type on the ecological resilience of stream networks in this and other temperate northwest forest ecosystems.
Methanethiol formation during the photochemical oxidation of methionine‐riboflavin system
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Scampicchio Matteo , Biasioli Franco , Bremer Phil J , Silcock Patrick
Published: October 2019

Methionine and riboflavin have been identified as key reactants in the development of off‐flavours induced by light exposure. However, the mechanism behind the production of volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) that are generated during the early stages of light exposure is still unclear. To provide new insights into the development of light‐induced off‐flavours, fluorescent light was applied for up to 6 hours to model solutions of methionine and riboflavin and the released VOCs were continuously monitored by proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS). Upon light exposure, methanethiol was rapidly generated, with methional not being released until about 3 minutes later. 2‐Propenal and formic acid, which are methanethiol coproducts from oxidation of methional, were not released until after approximately 22 and 29 min exposure, respectively. These observations coupled with the results from the methional reductive amination blocking experiment suggest that methanethiol could be formed directly from methionine rather than only via the methional intermediate. This means that the light‐induced oxidation of methionine can undergo, at least, two parallel pathways, both leading to the formation of methanethiol. The finding was confirmed in semi‐skimmed milk subjected to similar fluorescence light exposures where consistent changes in VOC signal intensities were observed. The results from these trials demonstrate the advantages of direct injection mass spectrometry techniques like PTR‐MS which enable reactions to be followed in real time and offer the potential to uncover new insights into reaction pathways.
Postgraduate year two pharmacy residents' perceptions of pursuing board certification during residency training
Authors: Roberts Megan Z. , Manis Melanie M. , Sebaaly Jamielynn C. , Tran Emmeline
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) offers pharmacists an opportunity to obtain post‐licensure certification in various specialty pharmacy practice areas. Each BPS specialty has specific eligibility requirements. The Pharmacotherapy specialty is unique in that it does not require candidates who have completed a postgraduate year one (PGY1) residency program to demonstrate additional practice experience or training to pursue this board certification. Thus, all postgraduate year two (PGY2) pharmacy residents would be eligible to sit for the Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist (BCPS) examination during their PGY2 training.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to identify PGY2 pharmacy residents' perceptions of pursuing board certification during residency training.

Methods

An electronic survey was developed, pilot tested, and sent to PGY2 pharmacy residents completing PGY2 training from 2015 to 2019 at 12 pharmacy residency programs across the United States.

Results

A total of 116 responses were obtained (estimated response rate 16%, n = 116 of 706). Among respondents, 38% pursued BCPS certification during PGY2 training and all achieved a passing examination score. The majority of these individuals (93%) were satisfied with their decision to obtain BCPS designation. Of the 72 respondents who did not pursue BCPS designation during PGY2 training, 96% were satisfied with their decision to not take the examination as a PGY2 resident.

Conclusion

Among a cohort of current and former PGY2 pharmacy residents, over a third were successful in pursuing and obtaining BCPS designation during their PGY2 residency year. This indicates that board certification may be feasible during PGY2 training. Nearly all respondents were satisfied with their decision to pursue or not pursue BCPS designation as a PGY2 resident.
The use of serious gaming to assess drug information skills
Authors: Nguyen Cambrey
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Serious gaming is an innovative teaching approach that facilitates critical thinking and teamwork in pharmacy education. This strategy has not been reported in the literature for the area of drug information (DI) education.

Objective

To assess the DI skills of pharmacy students in a DI course using an escape‐room challenge called “DIcipher” developed by the investigator.

Methods

The challenge featured DI questions pertaining to a patient case. The students worked as a team to solve clues to obtain the DI questions staged in a room. The students were required to use DI resources to search for answers to unlock a box with the treatment. Prechallenge and postchallenge assessments were administered along with Likert surveys to obtain student perception of the challenge.

Results

A total of 21 groups participated in DIcipher in March 2019. The students' mean score was statistically significantly higher on the postchallenge assessment compared with the prechallenge assessment (76.4 ± 19.7 vs 68.1 ± 25.9, [P < .05]). The students' efficiency in answering questions also improved as shown by a decrease in time to respond for each question in the assessments. Only one group answered all of the questions correctly and retrieved the treatment. Based on student perspective, the challenge promoted active learning and assessed knowledge of DI resources.

Conclusion

The assessments showed that student learning improved through test scores and the perception survey indicated that DIcipher promoted active learning of DI resources in a novel setting.