bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on functional values of doum palm fruit
Authors: Inuwa S. Z. , Ndife J. , Bamalli Z.
Published: November 2023

Consumers are currently demanding less use of artificial additives in food products, so more attention had been paid to search for naturally occurring substances that are anticipated to be safe and health-promoting. This is true for plant materials that act as alternative sources of many bioactive compound. Doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) is one of the underutilized fruits that contains many valuable compounds. Doum fruit should be regarded as potential source of natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, dietary fiber, and more, capable of offering significantly low cost and nutritional compound that are safer for human consumption and their use in food products will increase quality and added value. Foods that possess additional physiological effects beyond their nutritional functions of providing nutrients are called functional foods. Functional food can provide nutraceuticals with the therapeutic value that is capable of protecting against various diseases. From this point of view, the present study was designed to review literatures on the natural source of valuable compounds in doum palm fruit.
Evaluation of the efficacy of commercially formulated aerosol based pyrethroid insecticides against Culex species (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Hafizu M.S , Tukur Z , Suleiman K , Abdullahi A.M , Aminu M.A
Published: November 2023

Efforts to control mosquito borne diseases of serious public concern rely largely on the control of vectors using pyrethroids. Emergence of insecticide resistance makes control as well as choice of ideal insecticide difficult. Following standard guidelines effectiveness of twelve (12) commercially formulated aerosol insecticides against Culex species in Kano metropolis, Nigeria was evaluated for knockdown and mortality effect in a Peet-Grady chamber. Highest knockdown efficacy was observed with aerosol insecticide coded K11 containing; transfluthrin 0.15% and permethrin 0.23%, having KT50 of 3.7 ± 0.1 and KT95 of 10.0 ± 0.2 mins, which differ significantly (P<0.05) with aerosol F6, aerosol H8 and aerosol J10. All insecticides with the exception of A1 expressed acceptable limit of mortalities (≥90) for effective aerosol insecticide. This study revealed that; number of active ingredients did not affect formulation performance. Permethrin and Transfluthrin were identified as the most effective pyrethroid isomers in the control of Culex mosquitoes. This study further revealed the susceptibility of Culex species of Kano metropolis to aerosol based pyrethroid insecticides. However, significantly low knockdown effect observed in some of the insecticides, suggests knockdown resistance (kdr) in the population of the tested mosquitoes. Constant monitoring of susceptibility status of other mosquito genera is recommended to address challenges that may face the control of mosquito borne diseases.
Aluminium chloride-induced prefrontal cortex toxicity in Wistar rats: evidence from pretreatment with aqueous Psidium guajava leaf extract
Authors: Usen Datiediomo , Enogieru Adaze Bijou
Published: November 2023

Aluminium is reported to be a very common element and one of the most abundant metals on Earth. Although aluminium is neurotoxic and linked to several brain disorders, reports indicate that antioxidants from natural sources can neutralise the toxic free radicals generated by aluminium. Consequently, this study evaluated the protective and antioxidative effects of Psidium guajava (GV) aqueous leaf extract on Aluminium-induced prefrontal cortex toxicity. Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats in six (6) groups were used for this experiment (n=5): Group A (control); Group B rats (Al) were given 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of Aluminium alone; Group C (Al + GV1) rats were given 100 mg/kg BW of Aluminium and 200mg/kg BW/day of aqueous GV leaf extract; Group D (Al + GV2) was administered 100 mg/kg BW of Al and 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous GV leaf extract; Group E (GV1) was administered 200 mg/kg BW of aqueous GV leaf extract alone and Group F (GV2) was administered 400 mg/kg BW of aqueous GV leaf extract alone. Following the end of administration, neurobehavioral, antioxidant enzymes, and prefrontal cortex histology assessments were done. Findings showed that Group B rats had a significant (p<0.05) decrease in final body and absolute brain weights, and antioxidant enzymes activity when compared to control. Likewise, a significant (p<0.05) decrease was observed in spontaneous alternation in rats treated with Al alone, thus indicating cognitive dysfunction. Conversely, following pretreatment with Psidium guajava, the alterations induced by Al were mitigated. Taken together, Psidium guajava showed a potent capability as a possible neuroprotective agent that can be useful for inhibiting Al-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunctions. Further investigations and development of this plant could offer a worthwhile substitute to other orthodox drugs currently used in the treatment and/or management of aluminium-related disorders.
Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from hospital and community nexus: public and environmental health concern
Authors: Beshiru Abeni , Uwhuba Kate Enoh
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest encounters for human health globally, which is associated with elevated morbidity and increased economic burdens. Colistin represents an important resort in treating severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli (CREC) in community and hospital sources and their associated risk factors. Eighty-five samples from hospital and community sources were screened using cultural and biochemical techniques and confirmed via Analytical Profile Index 20E. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined using disc diffusion procedure and the phenotypic virulence factors were determined using standard culture protocols. The occurrence of CREC based on sample types includes cow carcass (26.7%), abattoir effluents (20%) and hospital effluents (8.6%). Pumpkin leaf, carrots and smoked fish were negative for CREC. The percentage distribution of CREC positive samples based on sample sources were slaughterhouses (77%) and hospital environment (33%) with open markets showing no case of CREC. Overall, CREC positive samples were 9/85 (10.6%). CREC demonstrated 100% ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. The multiple antibiotics resistance profile of the Escherichia coli in this study ranged from 0.83 – 0.46. The phenotypic virulence distribution of CREC were lipase activity (33.3%), β-hemolytic activity (22.2%) and gelatinase activity (22.2%).The detection of CREC in both community and hospital environment allays a notable threat to human and animal health. Public enlightenment campaign and proper education against indiscriminate antibiotics usage as animal feed and growth promoters coupled with routine antibiotic resistance monitoring is crucial to curtail the dissemination of superbugs
Bacteriocins of Escherichia coli: A mini review
Authors: Abubakar Umar Umar , Muhtar Umar Nasir , Haruna Sadiq
Published: November 2023

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria that exhibit potent activities against closely related species, including pathogens. This review aimed to discuss and compare the results of academic research articles focused on the bacteriocins produced by Escherichia coli, shedding light on their diversity, mechanisms of action, and potential applications in various fields. Bacteriocins produced by E. coli strains have been found to vary in terms of their genetic determinants, structures, and modes of action. Through extensive research, several types of E. coli bacteriocins have been identified and characterized, including colicins, microcins, and other related peptides. Some bacteriocins act by disrupting the target cell membrane, leading to cell lysis, while others target essential cellular processes, such as DNA replication or protein synthesis. Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into the potential applications of E. coli bacteriocins as antibacterial agents or probiotics to fight against pathogens. Studies have explored their specific antimicrobial spectra, examining their efficacy against various bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Additionally, investigations into their regulation, biosynthesis, and mode of action have contributed to a better understanding of their potential as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the potential applications of E. coli bacteriocins extend beyond the medical field. Research has demonstrated their ability to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria, making them promising as natural food preservatives. Moreover, their potential use in biotechnology, agriculture, and environmental protection has been explored, emphasizing their versatility and potential industrial applications. This review paper discussed and compared the results of academic research concerning E. coli bacteriocins, providing insights into their diversity, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Further studies on E. coli bacteriocins will not only contribute to the understanding of bacterial interactions but may also pave the way for novel antimicrobial strategies and biotechnological advancements.
Antibacterial activity of Citrullus lanatus seed extract against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dewu M.M. , Aminu M. , Suleiman A.B. , Umar U. A. , Ismail M.
Published: November 2023

As a result of increased emergence of bacterial resistance to the conventionally used antibiotics, it is necessary to search for alternatives from other sources like plant materials. This study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro antibacterial activity of Citrullus lanatus seed extract against isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from urine and Staphylococcus aureus from wound. The seeds were extracted using distilled water and methanol via cold maceration and then analysed for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. Tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates were present in both extracts. Only the aqueous extract contained alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of the two extracts was determined by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth dilution method. The aqueous extract had better activity than the methanol extract, having inhibition zones of 20 mm and 23 mm at 200 mg/mL and, 10 mm and 11 mm at 25 mg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates respectively, and mean zone of inhibition between 27.50 mm to 29.33 mm at 200 mg/mL and, 16.50 mm to 17.33 mm at 25 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus isolates with MIC and MBC values of 0.195 mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae and, mean MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.30 mg/mL to 0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL to 2.73 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The results obtained reveal the potential use of Citrullus lanatus seeds in the development of standard antibiotics.
Hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic activity of aqueous extract of Azanza garckeana leaves in normal and alloxan -induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ibrahim Maryam , Idoko A. S. , Ganiyu Aderounmu I. , Sadiq Idris Zubairu
Published: November 2023

The aqueous extract of Azanza garckeana (AG) leaves was tested for hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic activities. The extract was administered to Wistar rats orally at 100 and 150 mg/kg doses in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glucose baseline conditions and diabetic conditions. OGTT was tested with the administration of the aqueous extract to normal rats and blood glucose levels were measured for each animal at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after glucose loading. For the hypoglycaemic activity, the extract was administered to normal rats and blood glucose levels were measured for each animal, at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Alloxan induced diabetic rats were used to determine the anti-hyperglycaemic activity. The extract was administered for 14 days and blood glucose levels were measured for each animal at a weekly interval for 2 weeks. The OGTT study in normal rats showed that administration of the extract at 150 mg/kg reduced blood glucose levels within 30 to 60 minutes after glucose administration, as was also observed with the standard drug (glibenclamide). For the hypoglycaemic study, fasting blood glucose test in normal rats showed that aqueous extract of AG leaf at 150 mg/kg, produced significant (P < 0.05) blood glucose reduction at 60 minutes after administration while glibenclamide revealed significant reduction throughout the time as compared with normal control. 150 mg/kg was the most effective dose during the anti-hyperglycaemic study as it had a significant reduction in blood glucose levels after the 7th day. However glibenclamide had a more significant reduction when compared with treated groups. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate that aqueous leaf extract of Azanza garckeana possess hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects in normal and diabetic rats and thus support its traditional use to treat diabetes. Therefore, a detailed mechanism-based study and isolation of bioactive compounds responsible for the observed activities of Azanza garckeana is recommended.
Immunohistochemical study on localized oestrogen receptors following subacute oral administration of 3-methylmorphine (codeine) in ovaries of albino Wistar rats
Authors: Ayuba Y. , Saleh M S. , Badamasi I. M. , Makena W.
Published: November 2023

The immunohistochemistry of localized oestrogen receptors following subacute oral administration of dihydrocodeine in ovaries of albino Wistar rats was studied. The specific objectives were; to determine the distribution of oestrogen receptors in the ovaries using immunohistochemical expression method and to evaluate oestrogen staining intensity using Image J statistical software. The twenty 20 rats were divided into 4 groups of five rat each. The control (group A) rats received distilled water per body weight while group B-D received 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg dihydrocodeine orally for 28 days. Animals were anesthetized using ketamine injection and abdominopelvic incision was made. The ovaries were harvested and processed using histochemistry. Photomicrographs were obtained using light microscope and arm scope. Oestrogen staining intensity was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Post Hoc test using Image J statistical software. The results obtained show that the ovarian follicles had high staining intensity with monoclonal oestrogen receptor antibodies in group I, while group II showed moderate-high staining intensity. Group III showed low intensity of staining of oestrogen in the ovaries of the rats, while group IV showed low staining intensity of oestrogen in the ovarian follicle of albino rats. Oestrogen receptor staining intensity decreased in the ovaries of the treatment groups, which was significant at p<0.05. This study concludes that Dihydrocodeine caused significant decrease (p <0.013) in localized estrogen receptor in the ovaries of albino rats.
Procédés technologiques de production des produits laitiers dans la ville de N’Djamena (Tchad)
Authors: Beral Valery Mbaigolmem , Mayore D. Atéba , Hissein Abdoullahi Ousman , Tarnagda Bakary , Bessimbaye Nadlaou , Mahamat Allamadine , Mahamat Tahir Ngaré Hassan , Bakarnga Via Issakou , Abdelsalam Tidjani Abdelsalam Tidjani
Published: November 2023

Le lait et les produits laitiers présentent des qualités nutritionnelles importantes pour la population tchadienne en générale et celle de la ville de N’Djamena en particulier. L’objectif de cette étude était de suivre le procédé de fabrication des produits laitiers consommés dans la ville de N’Djamena au Tchad. Les produits laitiers tels que le lait caillé (rouaba), le lait entier fermenté (rayeb) et le lait frais sucré (halib) sont traditionnellement très appréciés du public Tchadien. Malheureusement les études antérieurs conduites sur les procédés de fabrication de ces produits laitiers ont montré des insuffisances sur le respect de bonne pratique de fabrication et d’hygiène. Certaines techniques de filtration, de pasteurisation et de conditionnement traditionnels ne respectent pas les bonnes pratiques d’hygiène et de fabrication et affectent la qualité hygiénique ainsi que les caractéristiques texturale et organoleptique du produit fini. L’utilisation abusive des produits vétérinaires lors d’alimentation ou de traitement constitue un sérieux problème de santé publique. Pour obtenir des produits de bonne qualité hygiénique et nutritionnelle, il est très important d’utiliser des méthodes amélioré lors de filtration, de la pasteurisation et des conditionnements et la sensibilisation des producteurs sur le respect des bonnes pratiques d’hygiène et de fabrication.  

 Milk and dairy products have important nutritional qualities for the people of Chad in general, and the city of N'Djamena in particular. The aim of this study was to monitor the manufacturing procedures and quality of dairy products consumed in Chad. The technology used to produce curd (rouaba), fermented whole milk (rayeb) and sweetened fresh milk (halib) is traditionally highly appreciated by the public. Unfortunately, spot surveys already carried out have shown that the ideal conditions are not in place to increase the economic life of these products. Certain filtration, pasteurization and traditional packaging techniques do not respect good hygiene and manufacturing practices, and affect the hygienic quality as well as the textural and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. The misuse of veterinary products for feeding or treatment is a serious public health problem. To obtain products of good hygienic and nutritional quality, it is very important to use improved methods for filtration, pasteurization and packaging, and to make producers aware of the need to respect good hygiene and manufacturing practices.
Variation spatiotemporelle de la biomasse zooplanctonique et de l’ichtyoplancton de petits pélagiques en relation avec les caractéristiques environnementales dans l’AMP (Aire Marine Protégée) d’Abéné, Sénégal
Authors: Badji Luc Bonaventure Badji , Sarr Alassane , Diankha Ousmane , Ndiaye Waly , Faye Aliou , Samba Ousseynou
Published: November 2023

Les connaissances sur les zones de nourricerie et de frayère des poissons sont nécessaires pour appuyer et orienter les politiques de gestion des ressources halieutiques. Le but de cette étude était de caractériser la distribution spatiotemporelle des oeufs et larves de petits pélagiques mais aussi de l’ensemble du zooplancton en relation avec les facteurs environnementaux dans l’AMP d’Abéné, au Sénégal. L'échantillonnage a été réalisé lors de quatre campagnes de collecte en saison froide et chaude. Une sonde multi-paramètres a été utilisée pour la collecte des variables environnementales et un filet bongo pour le zooplancton. Les données environnementales ont montré que la température et la salinité présentaient la plus grande variabilité spatiotemporelle. En ce qui concerne le plancton, l’analyse des échantillons a permis d’identifier 15 groupes zooplanctoniques durant la saison froide et 14 pendant la saison chaude, avec une nette dominance des copépodes, principalement en saison froide (7796,17 indiv.m-3). Pour l’ichtyoplancton, les oeufs et larves de Engraulis encrasicolus étaient globalement plus abondants en zone de haute-mer pendant la saison froide et chaude, avec des valeurs respectives de 42,46 et 24,84 indiv.m-3. Ces résultats permettent de confirmer le rôle de frayère et de nurserie que joue l’AMP d’Abéné, mais aussi de corroborer l’initiative de sa délimitation prenant en compte la zone de haute-mer.
Knowledge of fish nursery and spawning areas is needed to support and guide fisheries resource management policies. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of small pelagic fish eggs and larvae, and of zooplankton as a whole, in relation to environmental factors in the MPA of Abéné, Senegal. Sampling was carried out during four collection campaigns in the cold and warm seasons. A multi-parameter probe was used to collect environmental variables, and a bongo net for zooplankton. Environmental data showed that temperature and salinity had the greatest spatiotemporal variability. For plankton, sample analysis identified 15 zooplankton groups in the cold season and 14 in the warm season, with a clear dominance of copepods, mainly in the cold season (7796,17 indiv.m-3). With regard the ichthyoplankton, Engraulis encrasicolus eggs and larvae were more abundant overall in the open sea during the cold and warm seasons, with respective values of 42.46 and 24.84 indiv.m-3. These results confirm the spawning and nursery role played by the MPA of Abéné, but also corroborate the initiative of its delimitation that takes the open sea area into consideration.
Mise en évidence des valeurs nutritionnelles de la patate douce Ipomoea batatas,/I. (L.) Lam soumise aux traitements de fiente de poulets et de l’engrais minéral à Bongor au Tchad
Authors: Djinet Alain Ignassou , Ngaryam Benoudjita
Published: November 2023

L’utilisation de l’engrais chimique dans l’agriculture est généralement décriée dans l’agriculture durable à cause des composants chimiques qui entrent dans la chaine trophique. Cette pratique n’est pas étrange aux producteurs de la patate douce à tel enseigne qu’elle ne garantit pas la qualité de l’aliment. L’option de la fertilisation organique semble être la bonne alternative. La présente étude a été conduite dans le but d’évaluer des éléments organiques et minéraux contenus dans les tubercules de la patate douce soumise au traitement des fientes de poulets et des engrais chimiques(NPK). Des analyses faites au laboratoire ont permis de déterminer les teneurs en sucres réducteurs, sucres totaux, protéines, cendres, potassium, phosphore, Calcium, Zinc, fer et le magnésium. Du résultat, il ressort que les tubercules issus des plants ayant reçu la dose des fientes de poulets ont enregistré un taux élevé en sucres et certains minéraux soit 10,05% de sucres réducteurs 13,46% de sucres totaux, 3,55% de Cendres, 1519,5 mg/100 g de Matière Sèche(MS) de potassium, 2,26 mg/100 g MS de Zinc, 9,38 mg/100g MS de fer et 30,65 mg/100 g MS pour le magnésium. Par contre, les tubercules issus des plants ayant bénéficié du traitement aux engrais chimiques ont 171,60 mg/100 g MS de phosphore et 39,85 mg/100 g MS de calcium. Cette étude montre l’importance de l’utilisation des fientes des poulets dans la production de la patate douce.
 The use of chemical fertilizer in agriculture is generally criticized in sustainable agriculture because of the components that enter the food chain. This practice is note strange to sweet potato producers to such an extent that it does not guarantee the quality of the food. The option of organic fertilization seems to be the right alternative. The study was carried to evaluate the organic and mineral elements of sweet potato tubers subjected to the treatment of chicken dropping and chemical fertilizers. In addition, the work also makes it possible to verify the idea that chemical fertilizers modify the organoleptic quality of tubers. Laboratory analyzes have made it possible to determine the content of reducing sugars, total sugars, proteins, ash, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron and magnesium. From the result it emerges that the tubers from plants having received the dose of chicken droppings recorded a high rate of sugars and certain minerals are 10.05% of reducing sugars, 13.46% of total sugars, 3.55% of ash, 1519.5 mg/ 100g Dry matter (DM) of potassium, 2.26 mg/100g DM of zinc, 9.38 mg/100g DM of iron, and 30.65 mg/100g DM of magnesium. On the other hand, the tubers produced by plants having benefited from the treatment with chemical fertilizers have 171.60 mg/100g DM of phosphorus and 39.85 mg/100g DM of calcium. This study shows the importance of the use chicken droppings in the production of sweet potato.
Flore des zones humides de Diofior et périphérie (Fatick, Sénégal)
Authors: Thiam Doudou , Mbaye Mame Samba , Diouf Jules , Diouf Ndongo , Faye Mamadou , Mohamed Abdou Salam Ali , Noba Kandioura
Published: November 2023

L’intérêt croissant pour l’environnement a conduit les pouvoirs publics de nombreux pays à mettre en place des politiques de sauvegarde des zones naturelles menacées. La localité de Diofior est un exemple de zone où la salinisation des terres est de plus en plus importante. Cette localité présente des écosystèmes complexes et très diversifiés, jouant un rôle majeur dans le développement économique et la conservation de la biodiversité. La présente étude avait pour objectif de caractériser la flore des zones humides de Diofior. La méthode des relevés floristiques nous a permis de réaliser cette étude. Ces inventaires floristiques ont permis de recenser 172 espèces réparties en 125 genres et 43 familles. Les résultats avaient montré également que les dicotylédones étaient majoritaires en espèces (136), en genres (96) et en familles (37). Cette flore était aussi caractérisée par la dominance de la famille des fabacées (21,51%) et des poacées (12,21%). Sur le plan biologique, les travaux ont montré une dominance des thérophytes (51,74%) suivi des phanérophytes (33,14%). En ce qui concerne la répartition géographique, cette flore était surtout occupée par les espèces africaines avec 43,02%, suivi des espèces cosmopolites 23,26% et les espèces pantropicales 13,37%.
The growing interest in the environment has led governments in many countries to implement policies to safeguard threatened natural areas. The locality of Diofior is an example of an area where land salinization is increasingly important. This locality presents complex and very diversified ecosystems, playing a major role in economic development and biodiversity conservation. The objective of this study was to characterize the flora of the wetlands of Diofior. The method of floristic surveys allowed us to carry out this study. These floristic inventories allowed us to identify 172 species divided into 125 genera and 43 families. The results also showed that dicotyledons are in the majority in species (136), genera (96) and families (37). This flora was also characterized by the dominance of the Fabaceae family (21.51%) and Poaceae (12.21%). Biologically, the work has shown a dominance of therophytes (51.74%) followed by phanerophytes (33.14%). Regarding the geographical distribution, this flora was mainly occupied by African species with 43.02%, followed by cosmopolitan species 23.26% and pantropical species 13.37%.
Effets du glyphosate sur les paramètres physicochimiques et biologiques des sols au sud du Togo
Authors: Mensah Achité Antony , Lare N’pagyendou , Yorikoume Kondi , Mawussi Gbénonchi , Karou Damintoti Simplice
Published: November 2023

Le glyphosate est l’un des herbicides les plus utilisés dans le monde. Il a un effet non seulement sur les espèces non cibles mais aussi sur l’environnement. L’objet de cette étude est d’évaluer l’impact du glyphosate sur l’activité globale des microorganismes des sols. Des échantillons de sol ont été incubés en présence du glyphosate (500 mg/L) pendant 80 jours pour déterminer l’activité respiratoire des microorganismes. La détermination des paramètres physicochimiques, de la biomasse microbienne et la culture de microorganismes à des doses croissantes ont été réalisées. Des souches de bactérie de Rhizobium sp. et d’Azotobacter sp. ayant résistées aux doses élevées (200 ppm) de glyphosate ont été isolées et identifiées par PCR. Les résultats indiquent que les doses de glyphosate apportées ont inhibé significativement (P<0,05) la croissance des bactéries diazotrophes en culture. Cependant, le glyphosate (500 mg/L) n’a pas eu d’effet significatif non seulement sur la respiration, la biomasse et le quotient respiratoire des microorganismes du sol mais aussi sur la fertilité des sols étudiés. Ces doses ont tendance à perturber la vie du sol en affectant l’efficience des microorganismes à utiliser la matière organique, en activant tantôt la respiration et la biomasse microbiennes et tantôt en les inhibant. Le glyphosate n’a donc pas d’effets significatifs sur les paramètres physicochimiques et microbiologiques des sols étudiés

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides, however, its action can have an effect not only on non-target species but also on the environment. The impact of glyphosate on the global microbial activity of soils was studied. Soil samples were taken and incubated in the presence of glyphosate for 80 days to determine the respiratory activity of the microorganisms. The determination of physic chemistry parameters of soil treated with glyphosate, microbial biomass, and the culture of microorganisms with creasing doses were realized. Strains of Rhizobium sp. and Azotobacter sp. that resisted to high doses (200 ppm) of glyphosate were isolated and identified by PCR. The results indicate that the doses of glyphosate provided significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the growth of diazotrophic bacteria in culture. But, the dose of 500 mg/L do not have significate effect on microorganism respiration, biomass, respiratory quotient and fertility parameters (P>0.05). The glyphosate has relatively affected the efficiency of microorganisms to use organic matter, sometimes activating microbial respiration and biomass and sometimes relative inhibiting them. Then, the glyphosate do not have significants effects on physicochemical and microbials parameters of the soils studies.
Proximate and compositional assessment of pretreatment methods on selected lignocellulose biomass for biogas production
Authors: Nwaezeapu Anita Ogechi , Agbozu Iwekumo Ebibofe
Published: November 2023

The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biogas is a critical avenue in sustainable bioenergy production. Pretreatment enhances the accessibility of lignocellulose components for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and biogas production. This study evaluated the proximate and compositional changes induced by various pretreatment techniques on lemon grass and fluted pumpkin stalk, with a focus on optimizing biogas yield. Alkaline, hydrothermal, and combined hydrothermal pretreatment processes were applied on the feedstocks. The biomass surface characteristics were determined through proximate and compositional analysis.The characterization of the untreated biomass showed that lemon grass and fluted pumpkin stalk recorded; dry matter, moisture content, fixed carbon, total kjeldahl nitrogen and ash content in the ranges of 94.49%-94.56%, 5.44%-5.51%, 26.35%-28.95%, 1.33%-1.932% and 6.00%-12.00% respectively. The cellulose values of the untreated biomass ranged from 34.04% for fluted pumpkin stalk to 38.66% for lemon grass. However, the content of the cellulose increased with pretreatment to values ranging from 44.20% to 51.06%. The results of this analysis showed that the selected lignocellulose biomass has properties that are consistent with past literature stating them as suitable substrates for biogas production. Nonetheless, the potential for increased biogas yield from anaerobic digestion is greater when combined hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatment is used.
Constraints to Conducting Agricultural Research Uptake Activities Among Researchers in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi-obi Chinwoke Clara , Asuquo Justina Effiong
Published: November 2023

The study assessed constraints faced by agriculture researchers in conducting research uptake activities in tertiary institutions in Rivers  State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to select one hundred and eighty-two agriculture researchers from the three  universities that have faculty of Agriculture in Rivers State. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews  while analysis of data was carried out using, mean, percentages and the Binary Logit regression model. Results showed that  98% of the researchers were involved in research uptake activities. Publication of journal articles (76%), convening training workshops  (60%) and organizing seminars (59%) were the major research uptake activities conducted by agriculture researchers in the State.  Insufficient funds (x=3.68), lack of basic facilities (x=3.54) and poor synergy between researchers and policymakers (x =3.48) were major  constraints faced by agriculture researchers in conducting research uptake activities. Agriculture researchers’ socioeconomic  characteristics were not significant determinants of agriculture researchers’ level of involvement in research uptake activities in the study  area. The provision of basic structural facilities and financial support by university management will aid agricultural researchers’  involvement in research uptake activities.
Influence of Socio-economic Factors on the Use of Information Dissemination Channels among Groundnut Farmers in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Tijjani Abu Rimi , Haris Nur Bahiah Mohamed , Hamzah Siti Rabaah , Hassan Salim , Mustapha Sa’adu , Shah Jasmin Arif
Published: November 2023

The study assessed the influence of socio-economic factors in the use of information dissemination channels among groundnut farmers  in Northwest Nigeria. The research used primary data collected from 349 smallholder groundnut growers. Chi-squared was used in data analysis. The results indicated that farmers’ place of residence (X2 =169.417, df=15) and sex (X2 =14.049, df=5) had a significant  association with the farm visit extension pieces of advice. Also, significant associations were found between respondents’ place of  residence (X2 = 169.417, df=15), sex (X2 =14.049, df=5) and income (X2 = 30.956, df= 15) with the use of radio. Furthermore, significant  associations were found between respondents’ place of residence (X2 =103.417, df=15), sex (X2 =13.777, df=5) and income (X2 =22.973,  df= 15) with the use of mobile phones. The article concludes that farmers’ place of residence, sex and income have a significant effect on  their preference to the use of extension visits, radio and mobile phone technology transfer mechanisms in the study areas. It is  recommended for constant training and retraining of extension workers to enhance their information delivery skills. Also, government  and other stakeholders should give financial and logistic support to the extension workers to make use of diversified information  communication channels.
A Case Report of Female Genital Schistosomiasis in a 29-Year-Old Patient From a Teaching Hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Dahiru Aminu Mohammed Chubado , Rabiu Ibrahim , Raheem Nasiru , Peter Isaac
Published: November 2023

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic infection that affects more than 220 million people worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa  (SSA). One of the complications of urogenital Schistosomiasis is female genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) which is associated with the  presence of S. haematobium eggs and related pathologies in the genitals of women living in or visiting schistosomiasis-endemic areas.  FGS is a neglected and misdiagnosed gynaecological disease with un-specific clinical symptoms and signs. It adversely affects the quality  of sexual and reproductive health of women and is a risk factor for HIV and HPV infections in affected women. Diagnosis of upper genital  tracts FGS is mostly accidental from histological examination of excised tissues. This is a case description of a rare incidence of female  genital Schistosomiasis of the upper genital tract in a 29-year-old, single woman from a Schistosomiasis-endemic area of Adamawa State,  Nigeria who presented with a history of lower abdominal pain of a month duration and abdominal swelling. Physical examination  revealed a pelvic mass of 16 weeks' gestation size and histological examination confirmed the presence of Schistosome ova in the excised  ovarian cyst. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of female genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) in women and girls in  Schistosomiasis-endemic areas. Deliberate programs for healthcare workers and outreach programs for the communities must be  designed and implemented to raise awareness about genital Schistosomiasis.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder During Covid19 Pandemic among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Facility in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Osasona Samuel O. , Oderinde Kehinde O.
Published: November 2023

Background: The potential risk of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the psychological challenges that  accompanied the pandemic posed a major threat and evoked high levels of anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigeria. Thus,  this study aimed to assess healthcare workers' perceived threat of COVID-19, determine the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder  (GAD) among respondents and elucidate the factors associated with GAD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that used the 7-item  Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale, 8-item Perceived Threat Scale, and a socio-demographic data collection sheet was used to obtain information from eligible healthcare workers who were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data analysis was done  using SPSS version 21, at a statistical significance level of p <0.05.

Results: Two hundred and thirteen HCWs participated in the study.  COVID-19 posed moderatesevere threats to 57.3% of the participants, and the prevalence of GAD among respondents was 25.4%. Having  a moderate-severe perception of threat by COVID-19 (p=0.039), being unmarried (p= .026), being previously suspected to have COVID-19  (p=0.018) and being directly involved in the care of COVID-19 patients (p=0.031) were significantly associated with anxiety disorder after adjusting for other variables.

Conclusion: COVID-19 posed a substantial threat to HCWs and the prevalence of GAD among the study  group was high. Government, public health institutions and non-governmental organizations have the responsibility to practically  demonstrate concern for the mental well-being of HCWs by investing in mental health resources and providing adequate physical,  material and psychological support for HCWs to guarantee their well-being.
Promotions, Information Asymmetry and Usage of Traditional Medicine in Central Uganda: A Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Nabachwa S. , Kamukama N. , Owino O.J.
Published: November 2023

Background: While extant literature highlights several motivations for Traditional Medicine (TM) usage; few studies have examined how  promotions and information asymmetries influence traditional medicine usage behaviors. This study aimed to map out information  biases underlying the marketing and promotion of Traditional Medicines in Central Uganda and explored the dimensions of attitudes and  usage behaviors of TM users.

Methods: The study utilized a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth face-to-face semistructured interviews with TM users in the  metropolitan parts of Central Uganda. The study participants were recruited from the Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) clinics with  the help of community development officers under the guidance of the National Council for Traditional Healers and Herbalists'  Association (NACOTHA). Study participants gave their written consent, and their identities have since been kept confidential. Saturation  point was reached at 34 respondents. Data was recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis.

Results: The  study indicates that incomplete, inadequate and inconsistent information especially from TM promotions leads users to overly buy and use TM. Identified themes related to information asymmetry include unverifiable information, usage side effects, and  absence of expiry dates on the labels, naturalness of TM, unclear dosage rates, limited diagnosis, limited usage guidelines, and lack of  authentic approvals by regulatory bodies among others.

Conclusions: The findings raise the need for policy guidelines in the alternative health segment and multi-agency regulation of THPs in  Uganda. Further, massive community sensitization and customer education are recommended since the potential for information  asymmetries in TM promotions is quite large.
Prevalence study of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its SCCmec features in horses and handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir A. , Kabir J. , Bello M. , Olayinka B.
Published: November 2023

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen with public health implications being resistant to most used antibiotics. It has been associated with health facilities but has now become prevalent in community settings. The presence of MRSA in 240 apparently healthy horses and 65 horse handlers in Kaduna and Zaria was studied through nasal swabs collection by a one-stage cluster sampling and analysed using standard microbiological tests and genotyping methods. Questionnaires were also administered to assess for risk factors associated with MRSA carriage. Prevalence was 10% and 6.2% from the horses and horse handlers respectively. The S. aureus isolates showed highest resistance rates of 54.6% to penicillin and oxacillin. There were high resistance rates also to erythromycin, and tetracycline of 47.7% and 34.1% respectively. Resistance of 22.7% to amikacin and gentamicin, 6.8% to sulphamethoxazole+trimethoprim, 2.3% to ciprofloxacin, and 2.3% to chloramphenicol were also observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found among 74.8% of the MRSA isolates. SCCmec typing showed types I, III, and IV in both the horses and the horse handlers while one horse was found to carry SCCmec V. Possible risk factors identified for MRSA carriage by horse handlers included being a veterinarian, exposure to antimicrobial agents, healthcare facility visitation, and personal hygiene. For the horses, risk factors from this study were allergy and wound management. MRSA nasal carriage in horses and horse handlers, as well as MDR (multidrug resistant) strains of S. aureus have been established from this study, this is of public health concern.
Canine cutaneous tumours from three southwestern states of Nigeria: a retrospective study.
Authors: Oladipo T.M. , Ajayi O.L. , Olaniyi M.O. , Mshelbwala F.M. , Antia E.R. , Akinloye A.K.
Published: November 2023

Over the years, studies have shown that the skin is the most commonly affected organ for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions (Broden et al., 2010). This occurrence has been attributed to continuous exposure of the skin to physical, chemical, and environmental factors (Guzman et al., 2003; Pakhrin et al., 2007). Cutaneous tumours are the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in dogs resulting in approximately 30% of all tumours reported and are usually excised due to easy surgical access than tumours  in other organs (Moraes et al., 2009). Several authors have reported the occurrence of tumours by utilizing data obtained from registries, animal hospital reports, and diagnostic laboratory reports. Most of these reports vary greatly in terms of data sources, sample numbers, the size of geographical regions assessed (Graf et al., 2018; Kok et al., 2019), prevalent environmental influences, and breed populations (Kaldrymidou et al., 2002; Sanja et al., 2005; Pakhrin et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that dogs are susceptible to tumours at any age and there is a marked predisposition in aged dogs than young dogs because of a progressive accumulation of genetic mutations (Reif, 2007). Environmental chemical contaminants (especially pyrethroids) also have been implicated in the occurrence of mammary adenocarcinomas (Reif, 2007). Ultraviolet light rays have also been studied as a possible aetiology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in animals with poor skin pigmentation (Reif, 2007). In Nigeria, different case reports on canine tumours have been documented (Amber and Ralph, 1982; Faramade et al., 2017), but the risk factors and distribution of the disease in these species are very limited and restricted to the databases of Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of universities and private veterinary clinics in the major cities. The documentation of occurrences of different tumour types in a particular geographical region is necessary because it provides easy access to data for further investigation and helps in prompt diagnosis and management by clinicians (Moraes et al., 2009).
Seroprevalence studies of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in chickens in some area council in FCT, Nigeria
Authors: Agbato A. O. , Olabode O. H. , Mailafia S. , Agbato O. A.
Published: November 2023

Avian Infectious Bronchitis (AIB) is a viral disease of serious economic importance characterized by coughing, sneezing, loss of weight and drop in egg and quality. There is paucity of information its occurrence and distribution in Abuja-FCT, Nigeria. Hence this study was conducted to establish the sero-prevalence the virus (IBV) among selected poultry types (local chickens, broilers, pullets, and cockerels) in some area councils within FCT. A total of 360 sera were collected and subjected to Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at Animal Care Laboratory Nyanya, Abuja. The study found an overall prevalence of 80.56% (290/360). While the distribution according location showed the prevalence of 89.17% (107/120) in Kuje area council, 73.30% (88/120) in AMAC, and 79.10% (95/120) in Kwali area council. The distribution according to type of birds showed prevalence of 74.44% (67/90) for broilers, 78.88% (71/90) for cockerels, 71.11%(64/90) for pullets and 97.77% (88/90) for local chicken. The distribution of IBV occurrence according to management showed that the prevalence bird managed under the deep litter systems was 85.88%, while the prevalence in birds managed under cage system 56.00%. In conclusion, this study found an 80.55% prevalence of infectious bronchitis, associated with increased poultry activities. It is therefore recommended that more public education about infectious bronchitis viral disease be carried out in addition to laboratory diagnosis and other preventive measures.
Evaluation of hoof morphometry in normal and lame polo horses at Ibadan Polo Club.
Authors: Oyenekan I. O. , Koleosho S. A. , Olurode S. A. , Makinde O. A. , Abati T. A.
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the changes in hoof morphometric parameters between normal and lame polo horses. Cross-sectional survey of hoof morphometric parameters of polo horses was conducted at the Ibadan Polo club. Also, each horse was physically examined and severity of lameness scored based on the criteria by American Association of Equine Practitioners. Differences in morphometric parameters between sex, lameness status and shoeing status were analyzed using Student’s t test and values were considered significant at p< 0.05) higher in females (118.8 ± 9.3mm; 117.1 ± 8.3mm) than male horses (109.8 ± 6.1 mm; 106.8 ± 12.1 mm). Hoof wall angles did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the sexes. Majority of the hoof morphometric parameters were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in shod horses compared to unshod horses. In addition, the dorsal hoof wall angle of the right hind limb was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in lame (61.3 ± 11.50) than normal horses (53.6 ± 8.30). It was concluded that shoeing conditions and lameness significantly alters hoof morphometric parameters of polo horses.
Inadequate antibody response to primary rabies vaccination in puppies under four months of age in Ibadan, Nigeria: A case report
Authors: Sopeju E. A. , Okpara G. , Abiodun V. T. , Sopeju S. O.
Published: November 2023

No abstract.
COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world
Authors: Zielinski Chris
Published: November 2023

No Abstract