bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pré-natal odontológico em serviços públicos de saúde
Authors: Aguiar Natália Lima , Rocha Sarah Juliane Almeida da , Pontes Luana Cunha Fima , Carvalho Telma Lélia Gonçalvez Schultz de , Rodrigues Luara Silva , Machado Marlisson Fabricio de Oliveira
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Analisar a importância do pré-natal odontológico para as gestantes no serviço público de saúde. Métodos: Foi realizado uma revisão integrativa da literatura através de dados obtidos no levantamento de artigos científicos, indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, PubMed Identifier (PMID), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-americana del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), disponíveis nas línguas vernácula e inglês, nos anos de 2018 a 2022. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos que obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, no qual o pré-natal odontológico mostrou importante na saúde geral do binômio mãe-filho. Considerações Finais: O pré-natal odontológico é uma etapa importante de acompanhamento as grávidas, além de ajudar na prevenção de doenças bucais auxilia a gestante a ter um parto seguro e tranquilo. Porém, mitos e crenças inverdades antigas ainda são as principais barreiras para a não adesão do pré-natal odontológico por parte dessas pacientes.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities of Mn(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with Azo Dye of 2-aminobenzimidazole and Indole
Authors: Mohammed Hasan S. , Shakir Gufran . , Wang Jin . , Tripathi Vishwa D.
Published: February 2023

Azo dye namly 3-[2-(benzimidazolyl)azo]-indole (BIAI) derived from diazonium salt of 2-aminobenzimidazole and indole is reported and characterized based on IR, Proton nuclear magnetic resonanc (1H-NMR), elemental analyses, mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffraction, electronic spectra. The BIAI was utilized to form Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The complexes of BIAI ligands were identified via distinctive techniques (infrared, UV-vis, mass spectroscopies, molar conductance, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffraction and magnetic sensitivity). The Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes were characterized as octahedral complexes and non-electrolytic under the common formula [M(BIAI)2Cl2]. The BIAI and its complexes showed interesting antimicrobial activity against two sorts of bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger fungi. The metal chelates of the BIPA ligand are non-electrolytes, according to molar conductance data. BIAI is coordinated to metal ions as a bidentate manner, according to IR spectra, with NN donor atoms of azomethine–N and methoxy–O. The BIPA ligand exhibited important chromic properties under pH changes.
Prevalence of Human Adenoviruses in Respiratory Tract-infected Patients in Anbar Governorate (West of Iraq): A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abd-Alazeez Riyadh A. , Khalil Mothana A. , Ghazzay Hazim  I.
Published: February 2023

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a significant worldwide problem that causes viral respiratory tract infections affecting millions worldwide each year, especially in children and immunocompromised adults.
Objective: To know the prevalence of HAdVs strains 3, 4, 7 among respiratory tract infected patients aged between 15–42 years in Anbar province (west of Iraq) using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done between 22th of January 2021 - October 11, 2021 to notice the frequency of HAdVs in Anbar governorate children and adults with respiratory infections from the various general hospitals and private clinics. Depending on our questionnaires, blood samples were taken from all those patients for hematological and serological parameters. The ELIZA test with PCR has been done depending on the manufacturer’s instructions.
Results: A total of 104 respiratory tract Infected patients, 11(10.6%) patients were ELISA IgM positive, 9(8.7%) of ELISA IgM positive patients were positive using PCR technology. The 6(5.8%) patients were ELISA IgG positive for HAdV. Out of 32 mild pneumonia patients, 1(3.1%) was positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 46 moderate pneumonia patients, 6(13.0%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 26 sever pneumonia patients, 4(15.4%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 32 mild pneumonia patients, 1(3.1%) was positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 46 moderate pneumonia patients, 6(13.0%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 26 sever pneumonia patients, 4(15.4%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HAdVs strain 7 in children with respiratory infection was 4.8%, whereas its prevalence in adults in age groups 18–50 and 51+ years was 2.9% for each group using the IgM ELIZA test.
Estimating the Incidence Frequency of Helicobacter pylori Co-infection with Hepatitis C Virus among Thalassemia Individual in Wasit Governorate of Iraq
Authors: Al-Saidi Safaa Z. M. , Ghareeb Abdulameer M.
Published: February 2023

Objective(s): Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that plays a significant role in developing gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcers. H. pylori infection affects more than half of the world’s population. This pathogen incidence becomes more effective among thalassemia patients, a common genetic disorder characterized by a point mutation that leads to impaired production of the β-globin chain. Chronic hepatitis C is a chronic disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality rates in these patients due to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Current study included 90 β-thalassemia patients admitted to the thalassemia hematology center in Al-Kut women and children Hospital, Wasit province, Iraq from September 2020 to November 2021. The patients are divided into two groups (β-thalassemia with HCV group and β-thalassemia without HCV). First and second groups contain 32 and 58 specimens of blood and stool samples, respectively. The patient diagnosed with thalassemia syndrome regularly attended the thalassemia hematology center for transfusion and chelation and follow up on Hb level and iron status. This study aimed at serological and molecular diagnosis of co-infection H. pylori with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among thalassemia patients and diagnosis infection rate. Diagnosis was used Serological enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) techniques for HP-IgG, Level of ferritin, liver function test will be determined and Nested PCR method targeting the molecular diagnosis will be used to confirm H. pylori 23S rRNA using DNA extracted from stool samples. Results: 90 β-thalassemia patients sample were diagnosed by Serological ELISA techniques for HP-IgG and the result showed 30 samples were positive (18 from the β-thalassemia with HCV group and 12 from the β-thalassemia without HCV)and 60 samples negative for HP-IgG and Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the molecular diagnosis will be used to confirm H. pylori 23S rRNA using DNA extracted from stool for 30 stool samples revealed 13 samples positive (9 from the β-thalassemia with HCV and 4 from β-thalassemia without HCV) while 17 samples were negative. Conclusions: The predominance of H. pylori among patients in Wasit was 43.3%. Levels of ferritin have significant correlation with H. pylori in HCV patients. There was a positive correlation between hepatitis C status and high H. pylori rate when compared with β-thalassemia without HCV. Splenoctomy was a positive correlation with H. pylori in β-thalassemia with HCV. Moreover, these results recommend study about the virulence factor and genes. Other molecular studies are needed for detecting more virulence genes in H. pylori bacteria such as real-time PCR and sequencing of H. pylori in patients with thalassemia, especially those with high serum ferritin.
New Carbon Paste Sensor for the Determination of Ciprofloxacin in the Pharmaceutical Preparations, Serum and Urine
Authors: Khalaf Waleed M. , Al-Aphalahy Bashaer A.
Published: February 2023

A quick, novel and highly accurate sensor with superior electrochemical properties have been developed to measure ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations and human fluids. Three carbon paste sensors for ciprofloxacin (CPF) were produced using the ionophore molecule ciprofloxacin-methyl orange (CPF-MO) in combination with three different plasticizers: di-butyl phthalate (DBPH), di-butyl phosphate (DBP), and tris (2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP). The slopes of sensors A, B, and C were 59.84, 44.67, and 50.49 mV/decade, respectively. The linear range was 5× 10-5 to 1 ×10-2 M, with detection limits of 4.6×10-5, 4.4×10-5, and 4.9×10-5 M, respectively, and a lifetime of 58, 19, and 21 days. Because sensor A produces the best results, pharmaceutical and human fluids were applied using this sensor; the recovery percentages were 98, 97, 102, 95, and 97 for CPF standard, Bactiflox tablets 500 mg, ciprocin eye drop 0.3%, urine, and serum, respectively, using potential techniques.
Thermal Analysis in the Pre-formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersion for Poorly Water-soluble Drugs
Authors: Fo’ad Tholfekar . , Hameed Ghaidaa S. , Raauf Ayad M. R.
Published: February 2023

This study is unique in studying the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of poorly water-soluble drugs before their formulation. Three selected drugs atorvastatin, albendazole and diclofenac were mixed with three different polymers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and soluplus (SOL). The pure drugs and physical mixtures were subjected to solvent evaporation and milling techniques to obtain solid dispersions. All, as received and TGA analyzed solid dispersion mixtures to evaluate their thermal behavior at a temperature that ranged from 0–300°C. The results showed that the addition of polymer either in physical mixtures or solid dispersions of the drugs has resulted in either increase or decrease of the thermal stability of the drugs depending on the method of preparation and the type of the polymer and the nature of the drug.
Development and Validation for the Estimation of Fenofibrate in Pharmaceutical Dosage form by Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Pimpale Awdhut , Gunde Mahendra . , Kakde Rajendra . , Kakde Ishwar .
Published: February 2023

Very simple, exact, precise and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods used to estimate the amount of fenofibrate in both the bulk and tablet formulations. The reversed-mobile phase buffer and ACN in the proportion (40:60) v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were used to create the Princeton (C18) (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5) column. At 240 nm wavelength, the detection procedure was approved. The RT was established to be 3.905 minutes under fenofibrate’s optimum circumstances. The calibration curve had a range of 87 to 232 g/mL and a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. All-important parameters’ RSD values were below 2.0%. A 99.13 and a 100.44% recovery rate, respectively, were shown to exist. In accordance with ICH requirements, the established technique was evaluated for linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and system applicability. The feasibility and repeatability of the suggested technique for determining the amount of the commercially available dosage forms of fenofibrate in tablet and bulk form were also demonstrated.
Novel Antidiabetic Polyherbal Formulation for Synergistic Therapeutic Effects in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Bhaskarrao Pande V. , Singh Chandel S. , Vishal Soni .
Published: February 2023

Worldwide demand for new anti-diabetic drugs from plant sources has increased as diabetes mellitus has become a global epidemic. In the era of herbal medicines, polyherbal formulations offer higher therapeutic efficacy than single plants due to synergistic effects. Therefore, the objective was to develop a novel anti-diabetic polyherbal formulation containing mixtures of three plants: Azadirachta indica leaves, Tinospora cordifolia stem and Ocimum sanctum leaves extracts. The eight different plant formulations (F1 to F8) were formulated while F1 to F3 contained a single plant extract. Hyperglycemia was developed in rodents by ingestion of streptozotocin. The experimental animals’ serum sugar level, body weight and lipid profile were determined. In the diabetic rats treated orally with F1 to F8, the blood glucose level decreased significantly compared to the diabetic control group. Similar effects were also observed in the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide. In addition, F1 to F8 controlled lipid level, namely total cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides (TGL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in rodents. The findings suggested that F7 showed higher anti-diabetic and antihyperlipidemic efficiency when equated to the other formulations. It was also found that the formulations (F1 to F3) containing a single plant extract exhibited lower therapeutic efficacy than the polyherbal formulations (F4 to F8). The results suggest that the higher therapeutic efficacy of the polyherbal formulation is due to the synergistic effect of the different phytoconstituents in the plant mixtures.
Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Moxifloxacin
Authors: Gupta Anil K. , Singh Charanjeet . , . Yashwant . , . Kamal .
Published: February 2023

Oral administration of a pharmacologically active agent is the common and most preferred route among patients suffering from different types of illness. In the market, different type of oral dosage form is available among them tablet is the most favorite and demanded formulation. Further, the tablets, which are easy to use and swallow, are the ideal dosage form like orally disintegrating tablets (ODT’s). The main advantage of this type of formulation is that they can give easily to old aged and under-aged patients. In this research work, ODT’s formulation was manufactured, which get easily disintegrates and gives no bitter taste in the buccal cavity during administration. To achieve this task, moxifloxacin was complexed with suitable ion exchange resins (IER) like Kyron T314. In this course of action, multiple trials were performed using variable percentages or ratio of moxifloxacin and Kyron T 314. The resulting complex powder was characterized by different parameters like IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Along with the other excipients, drug resin complex (DRC) was used to manufacture the tablets. In this process, two super disintegrants viz. cross povidone and Ac di sol were used, and tablets were prepared by direct compression methodology. The finished product parameters of the tablet were estimated using the different available analytical methodologies. In this research work, it was concluded that the minimum time (19 seconds) for the wetting of tablets was observed when the quantity of crospovidone used was around 10% (MIT05). Additionally, this formulation gives maximum drug release (84.48%) after 120 minutes. Therefore, by using a suitable IER, taste-masked ODT’s of moxifloxacin can be prepared. This method is more efficient and effective in the development of such type of formulations.
Identification of Candida Species Using Phenotypic and Molecular Methods Isolated from Women Infected with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Maysan, Iraq
Authors: Hassan Khutam J. , Kasim Ali A.
Published: February 2023

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida spp. is a serious health that primarily affects women of childbearing age, accounting for 15–25 % of vaginitis patients. There have been few studies on the VVC in Maysan province/Iraq. Thus, the aim of this study was the phylogenetic and molecular identification of Candida spp. Isolated from women with VVC in Maysan/Iraq. A total of 100 samples were taken from women of reproductive age attending the Maysan Maternity Hospital. The cultures were positive for 45 (45%) and six Candida species, including; Candida albicans (44.4%), Candida glabrata (17.8%), Candida dubliniensis (15.6%), Candida parapsilosis (11.1), Candida krusei (6.7%) and Candida Kefyr (4.4%). The colors of colonies of tested Candida on CHROMagar Candida confirmed our isolates. C. albicans and Candida dubliniensis showed capability to form chlamydospores and germ tubes and grow in the presence of cycloheximide. C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis showed no growth at 45°C. The majority of tested Candida species revealed 9%-100% identity with many reference strains in GenBank.
Design and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Eye Drops Containing VRN for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Mahal Raffah K. , Al-Gawhari Fatima  .
Published: February 2023

As a well-known oral and intravenous antifungal, voriconazole (VRN) has an extensive history of usage in the medical field. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been produced to treat ocular fungal keratitis in the eye. A 32Box-behnken design was used to produce a variety of new formulas for hot-melt extrusion. The SLNs were evaluated by entrapment efficiency (EE percent), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). A series of in-vitro and in-vivo studies were carried out on the new formula. The produced vesicles’ EE, PS, PDI, and ZP values were all good. SLNs eye drops were numerically adjusted to include carbopol, a stabilizer, lipids, and a surfactant, among other substances. ZP of -36.5 ± 0.20 mV, 80.9 ± 1.02 % EE, 205 ± 9.1 nm PS, and 0.015 PDI were all included in the data. For example, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), it was discovered that the crystallinity of the drug had been reduced. The in-vitro release study and the SLNs and carbopol-based eye drops prepared with ultrasonication method demonstrated sustained release up to 48 hours. Comparing VRN-SLNs pharmacokinetics to that of pure drug solution, researchers discovered an area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax three times higher and a factor of five times higher, respectively (both P 0.01). By functioning as a carrier, SLNs may increase the bioavailability of VRN in the eye. The in-vivo studies were performed by infecting the rats with candida species. It was observed that VRN-loaded SLNs eye drops were more efficient in treating candidiasis. Results indicate that VRN-loaded SLNs eye drops provide a sustaining VRN topical effect and quick relief from fungal infection.
Modulatory Effects of Metformin on Farnesoid X receptor and Specificity Protein 1 in Human Pancreatic Cancer BxPC-3 Cells
Authors: Tawfeeq Walaa M. , Arif Inam S. , Al-Sudani Basma T.
Published: February 2023

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth major cause of death, accounting for 7% of cancer-related deaths. Metformin (antihyperglycemic agent) users had a 62% lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer when compared to metformin non-users. Objective: This research aims to study the role of the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) receptor in human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 and metformin’s modulatory effects on this receptor. Material and methods: Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay for INT747 (FXR agonist) and metformin, FXR and Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1) mRNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Results: INT747 increased the growth and viability of BxPc-3 cells in addition to a significant increase in FXR and SP1 mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, BxPC-3 cells viability was significantly reduced by metformin in a dose- and time-dependent manner with downregulation of FXR and SP1 at mRNA and protein levels Conclusion: FXR may act as an oncogenic factor in pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells by increasing FXR and SP1 expression, while metformin significantly reduced FXR mRNA and protein levels in BxPC-3 cells, which may be due to a reduction in SP1 expression.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating-pulsating Drug Delivery System containing Fixed-dose Combination for Chronotherapy of Hypertension
Authors: Koshta Ashok . , Malviya Neelesh .
Published: February 2023

This project aims to build a floating, pulsatile hypertension therapy. This work examined the 3-factor, 2-level box-behnken design and optimization technique for the floating pulsatile tablet. The quantity of polyox WSR N12K and polyox WSR205 was chosen to be the independent variable. Drug release, lag time, and swelling index are chosen to function in terms of dependent variables. ANOVA was intended to assess the data statistically, and p-value of 0.05 was regarded to have statistical significance. The tablet containing bisoprolol fumarate (BF) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was chosen for preparation. The system comprises of 2 parts: an outer layer comprised of an erodible material with a gas-generating agent and a center core tablet holding the active medicinal component. Super disintegrants and active ingredients are to be used to prepare rapid release core tablets (RRCT). The improved formulation’s release kinetics provided the best fit for the zero-order models. The floating-pulsatile release (FPRT) F13 revealed a lag-time of 4 hours with > 90% of the drug being released at level 0 (65 mg) for polyox (WSR-205) and level +1 (65 mg) for polyox (WSR-N12K). After the burst, drug release is restricted. The tablets floated well and released drug for 6 hours. The concept of floating pulsatile is to be applied to improve retention in a gastric environment of dosage forms that have a lag phase after bursts release.
Curcumin Involve the Myofibrosis Process of Rabbit Valve Interstitial Cells based on Expression Alpha- Smooth Muscle Actin: Experimental Posttest-only Control Group Design
Authors: Ranuh IGN Iswan R. , Putranto J. N. E. . , Lefi Achmad .
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Following an acute rheumatic fever infection brought on by an inflammatory reaction to streptococcal bacteria, rheumatic heart valve disease results in valve degeneration. Elements of the immune system play an important role, in facilitating myofibroblast transdifferentiation and clearing damaged tissue of apoptotic cells. Myelofibrosis arising in valve components is the main cause of valve dysfunction. Valve myelofibrosis showed a significantly increased collagen, proteoglycan, and elastin content in myofibrotic valves compared to healthy valves. Objective: To establish curcumin’s capacity to prevent rabbit valve interstitial cells (VIC) from differentiating into myofibroblasts after being stimulated by TGF-1 by comparing the results to controls. Method: This study uses a posttest-only control group design for an in-vitro laboratory experiment. Heart VIC of a New Zealand rabbit were isolated (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and induced fibrosis by administration of TGF-β1 5 ng/mL. VIC pretreated with TGF-β1 were treated with low-dose curcumin (20 nanoM/L) and high-dose curcumin (50 nanoM/L). The immunocytochemical method based on SMA expression observed the inhibition of myofibroblastic differentiation. Statistical significance was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis statistical test with a p-value < 0.05 as the limit of significance. Result: Administration of curcumin with low doses (20 nanoM/L) and high doses (50 nanoM/L), significantly decreased TGF-β1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation of VIC, which was characterized by decreased SMA expression in all low-dose curcumin treatment groups (20 nanoM/L) (1.40 ± 6.30) and high-dose curcumin (50 nanoM/L) (1.40 ± 8.30). Conclusion: Curcumin potentially prevent the development of SMA-expressing VIC into myofibroblasts.
Design of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Lamivudine using Ion Exchange Resins Indion 204, Tulsion 335 and Doshion P551
Authors: Bidkar Shital J. , Rao M. E. B. . , Dama Ganesh Y. , Bidkar Jayant S. , Dighe Ajinkya D.
Published: February 2023

Ion exchange resigns are suitable for usage as flavor masking agents and sustained pharmaceutical release due to their inherent properties such as high ion exchangeability, modified administration capacity, physiochemical stability, and non-solubility in any solvent. Ion-exchange resins (IERs) are macromolecular polymers with differing cationic and anionic functional groups qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The polymer chain is fabricated in such a way that it consists of different salt-forming groups in repeating mode. In this study, we have tried to create a rapid dissolving oro-film of lamivudine using the ion exchange resins indion 204, tulsion 335, and doshion P551. FDOFs attempt to boost patient compliance by shortening the time it takes for the treatment to take effect, in addition to having a quick onset of action and higher bioavailability and also it’s a conventional dosage form. Out of three different resins, indion 204 gives a very excellent result with 1:1.5 ratio, where the maximum amount of complexation is within 4 hours of stirring. Their resinate are converted into granules and exhibit satisfactory value of angle of repose, bulk density, and flow property. Drug loading with indion 204 resin showed above 94%.”
Study of the Effective Range of Drug Level Using a Novel Nano Co-polymer-Mefenamic Acid
Authors: Athab Ayat H. , Al-Safy Alaa H. , Al-Baiati Mohammad N.
Published: February 2023

In the present work, the work is divided into two parts, the first include synthesis a novel nano co-polymer by the esterification reaction between phthalic anhydride and glycerol, as it was characterized via fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The second parts, mefenamic acid drug reaction with novel nano co-polymer by esterification reaction which synthesis in first stage to produced novel nano co-polymer mefenamic acid drug. because the urgent need to retain the drug within the effective range for longer time, this driving us to look for a new optimization method for drug release; therefore, the study included, the study of drug release in two values of pH 7.5 and 5, where the choice of these two values depends on that the pH of the extracellular tumor is in the range of 6.5–7, while the endosome and lysosome are 4.5–5.5. The study gave great results, by linking the drug (mefenamic acid) with the nano co-polymer.
Updating of PD-1, PDL-1 and CD8+ in Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer in Iraqi Women
Authors: Hameedi Ban H. , Sultan Ali S. , Mahdi Ali A. A.
Published: February 2023

The study conducted at Center for the Early Detection of Breast Tumors at Medical City’s oncology teaching hospital carried 90 patients who participated in this study. The research was carried out between February 15, 2021, and July 20, 2021. The diagnosis was made by the consultant medical team using the triple assessment technique, which includes physical breast examination, ultrasonography, mammography, and fine needle aspiration cytology. Women patients clasified into 3 groups (benign tumor, control and malignant tumor) benign B (34 women) divided in/to two sub groups such as (benign premenopausal age B1 (17) and benign postmenopausal age B2 (17) and malignant M (34), malignant premenopausal age M1 (17) and malignant postmenopausal age M2 (17), and control group C includes (11) premenopausal age C1 and (11) C2. An ELISA approach was used to measure the level of soluble PDL, PD L1, and CD8 expression in serum. PD1 shows significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in pre- and post-menopausal malignant groups M5, M6 when compared with C1, C2, B1, B2. PDL-1 levels were non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) in pre and postmenopausal control and benign groups (C1, C2, B1 and B2) while they were increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in M1, M2 in comparison with B2,C1,C2, B1. CD8 in the M1 increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) when compere with group1, group 2, group bening1, group benign 2 and malignant 2. Conclusions from the current study that the values of PD1and PDL1in pre and postmenopausal malignant women breast cancer showed an increase compere with the other groups, the levels of CD8+ increase in the premenopausal malignant breast cancer women in comparison with other groups.
Some Virulence Genes Profile of Escherichia coli Stains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-Lami Rusul B. Q , Al-Maliky Haydar K
Published: February 2023

Background: The urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent bacterial infectious illness seen in clinical practice, accounting for considerable morbidity and high medical expenses. Escherichia coli is the most prevalent bacterium causing UTIs. The expression of a broad range of virulence factors by E. coli contributes to the severity of UTI. This research investigated the function of E. coli virulence determinants in the pathogenesis of UTI. The aim of the present study is to identify virulence genes in Uropathogenic E. coli which are responsible for UTI by isolation and identification of major microorganisms (Uropathogenic E. coli) that cause UTI and detection of antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates. The determination of some virulence uropathagant genes such as cnf, hly, and fimH genes by PCR. Material and Methods: From March 2022 to June 2022, approximately 200 clinical urine samples were collected from patients suffering from UTI of both genders; (160) urine samples from females and (40) urine samples from males in age groups ranging from 15–50 years who attended Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital, Al-Zahrawi Surgical Hospital, and Misan Hospital for child and childbirth in Misan city, Iraq. Results: In the current study, E.coli has some virulence factors such as cnf, hly, and fimH for (40) E.coli stains were reported as a positive 4(10%), 30(75%), and and 13(32.5%) respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that looking into the bacterial pathogenicity linked to UTIs might help doctors provide better care.
Assessment of Serum Omentin-1, Adipsin and Resistin Levels in Beta Thalassemia Male Patients in Baghdad City of Iraq
Authors: Al-Sammari Mohammed K. O. , Jawad Omar T , Mohammad Marwa J , Abbas Ali H , Jawad Mustafa T , Abdullah Suzan N
Published: February 2023

Adipocytokines has a significant impact on the development of many illnesses. (e.g. beta thalassemia), This research aims to determine the levels of Omentin-1, adipsin and resistin of (35) male patients their age (20–30) years that effected with Beta-Thalassemia city and (15) of healthy people as control group in Baghdad city by using enzyme linked immuonsorbant assay (ELISA). The findings of this research revealed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in levels omentin-1, which are (78.33 ± 6.14) pg/mL in patients group and (35.88 ± 5.8) ) pg/mL in control group. The levels of adipsin show a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01), which are (603.13 ± 11.46) ng/mL in patients group and (171.76 ± 17.45) ng/mL in patients group in control group, also a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in the levels of resistin which are (2.1 ± 0.5) ng/mL and (0.35 ± 0.06) ng/mL in control group.
Applications of Amphiphilic Chitosan Derivatives in Drug Delivery Systems: A Review Article
Authors: Aljashaami Zainab N
Published: February 2023

Chitosan has unique physicochemical characteristics to make it safe and effective as a carrier of some drugs. However, some drawbacks restricted its applications in drug delivery systems. Chemical modifications occurred on the backbone of chitosan to overcome the disadvantages properties of chitosan. Chitosan derivatives were synthesized by inserting the hydrophobic moieties into the chitosan molecule. The resulting amphiphilic derivatives with low toxicity may form self-assembled nanoparticles that can deliver a drug to different body sites. The preparation and applications of the hydrophobic chitosan derivatives will be reviewed in this article.
A Review on Improved Drug Performance of Nanocrystals Formulations
Authors: Jolly Arathy , Balasubramaniam Dineshkumar . , Kunnambathu Krishnakumar . , Nair Smitha K
Published: February 2023

Nano-based technologies are one of the most effective ways to resolve poor aqueous solubility and low absorption of drugs. Nanocrystals are pure drug crystals of particle size below 1000 nm with or without stabilizers adsorbed on it. Nanocrystals are carrier free and can be introduced in any of dosage forms. Reduced particle size and crystallinity offer increased solubility, dissolution velocity, and mucoadhesion. This causes an improvement in pharmacokinetic parameters and drug performance. Top-down approaches like milling, homogenization and bottom-up approach of precipitation are methods of preparation of nanocrystals. Also, combinations of these methods are used for nanocrystals preparation. This review discussed and summarized the improved in-vitro/in-vivo performances and pharmacokinetics of drug nanocrystals.
Advancement of Niosomal Transdermal Targeting Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sagare Abhay , Yadav Reenu . , Gautam Vinod . , Yadav Savita . , Sawale Jyotiram .
Published: February 2023

Traditional methods for applying medications to the skin include a variety of methods. Transdermal has been a popular method of drug delivery in recent years for a variety of medications that are challenging to administer in other ways. Transdermal drug delivery has a number of benefits, chief among them the prevention of first-pass metabolism and the stomach environment, which would render the drug inactive. In addition to discussing in depth the various formulation techniques and permeability enhancement for improved therapeutic efficacy, this review covers the fundamental anatomy of the skin that is pertinent to the transdermal route as a drug delivery method. The evaluation sums up the technologies that are now available on the market and discusses the path they are headed in. A transdermal patch offers a controlled release of medicine into the patient, typically through either membrane pores casing a reserve of medication or over body heat melting thin layers of medication entrenched in the adhesive. This is a bonus of transdermal drug transport over different drug transport styles, including like oral, topical, I. V., I. M., etc. The skin is a very real barrier; in this way, drug molecules are modest enough to permeate the skin and can be administered in this way. Typically, the basic disadvantage of transdermal administration systems. Transdermal patches for a wide run of solutions are now readily available. With properties like improved penetration of drug, a sustained sedate discharge by local depot, and modulating systemic absorption of drugs through the skin by a membrane which limits rate, niosomes are vesicular nanocarriers that are getting to be more and more well known as a potential transdermal drug delivery framework. Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles that are more stable, biodegradable, and generally harmless. Niosomes are ideal to liposomes since surfactants are more chemically stable than lipids. The concept of niosome, its benefits and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, variables influencing niosomes, definition and characterization, and use of niosome are the main topics of this review study. Niosomes can be used to treat a variety of illnesses, including psoriasis, leishmaniasis, cancer, migraines, Parkinson’s disease, etc. Niosomes can help in diagnosis. Niosomal administration can be done intramuscularly, intravenously, orally, or it can be used topically.
Comparative Evaluation of Topical Antibiotics in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris
Authors: AL-mosawi Raniah OA , Hassan Jubran K , AL-tameemi Firas F
Published: February 2023

is a pleomorphic disease and can happen during any age in life most commonly present in teenagers between 14–25 years old with prevalence ranging from 50–95% in different populations worldwide. Acne vulgaris considered a benign condition but can have an important psychological effect on the patient because it targets mostly the most important part of the human body which is the face of young patients. Clindamycin topical gel and erythromycin topical gel is effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris by acting against gram- positive propionibacterium acnes. FDA has approved dapsone topical gel formulation in 2005. So, we compare the therapeutic efficacy of topical clindamycin, erythromycin, dapsone, and control group in our study by dividing 60 patients randomly into four groups of 15 for each group. Each group was subjected to twice daily application on clean skin for 12 weeks. Followed up every two weeks and the result was compared. We found that the overall percentage of reduction of dapsone 5% gel is 13.3% has a good response after 12 weeks. While it is 6.7% with clindamycin and 0% with erythromycin, 2% have a good response.the side effect is slightly better in the dapsone 5% gel group when compared with clindamycin 1% gel group and erythromycin 2% gel. Dapsone can also be used as monotherapy without significant risk of developing resistance, while clindamycin and erythromycin being antibiotics don’t have such privileges. So it is concluded that dapsone 5% gel is a slightly better topical option than clindamycin 1% gel and erythromycin 2% gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Earthquake Prediction Methodology for Indonesia and Caribbean Region
Authors:   Seismology Researcher and NDT Consultant, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India, S Prakash Pillai , R Chandramohan ,   Research Advisor, Vidhyaa Giri College of Arts and Science, Puduvayal, Tamilnadu, India, AT Ravichandran ,   PG and Research Department of Physics, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
Published: February 2023

It is the most arduous and challenging task to observe and record the geological coordinates of earthquake precursor locations and the corresponding epicenter zones, in Indonesia - the largest archipelago in the world and Caribbean regions. For the convenience of observational earthquake prediction study, active seismological regions of Indonesia have been divided into 10 major epicenter zones- Northern Sumatra, Southern Sumatra, Sunda Strait, Jawa, Kalimantan, Northern Sulawesi, Southern Sulawesi, Maluku and Irian Jaya, Papua and Nusatenggara. Indonesia is in the Indian and Pacific Ocean, whereas the Caribbean regions are in the Atlantic Ocean side, though they are in three entirely different regions but all the seismically active regions are having the same generation process of all form of atmospheric weather and earthquakes, is the most significant findings in this observation study since 1985. This wonderful observation study over 35 years confirms strongly confirms the strong generational process scientific relation between atmospheric weather and seismic anomalies. Observational data for different Ocean regions simply identifies the impending earthquake locations based on rainfall locations.
Multifunctional nanomicelles constructed by aggregation and de-aggregation strategy for magnetic resonance/NIR II fluorescence imaging guided Type I photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Lirong , Qi Ji , Zhang Ke , Zhuang zeyan , Ding Keke , Chen Xu , Shan Hong , Ding Dan , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2023

Fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (FL/MRI) has received much attention from their complementary characteristics. However, the simultaneous enhancement of fluorescence and MR signals plus the efficacy of the treatment is still a major challenge. To solve this problem, we put forward a strategy of aggregation and de-aggregation based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE). NIR II photosensitizer TQ-TPA with Type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability and an amphiphilic 2TPE-Gd were firstly synthesized, and both of them showed the AIE property. Depending on the hydrophilic properties, hydrophobic TQ-TPA spontaneously aggregated into the core of nanomicelles formed by DSPE-PEG. Meanwhile, the aggregated 2TPE-Gd in aqueous solution could de-aggregate and insert in the interface, and formed TGdTT NMs. Based on this strategy and AIE property, TGdTT NMs exhibited strong NIR II fluorescence emission and Type I ROS generation ability, and enhanced T1 relaxivity (r1). Moreover, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacokinetics results demonstrated these nanomicelles had good biosafety and long blood circulation time. Finally, they successfully realized complementary MR/NIR II fluorescence dual-modal imaging guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) to inhibit tumor growth. This work demonstrated that aggregation and de-aggregation strategy of AIEgens in the core-shell nanomicelle exudes infinite charm for constructing the multifunctional theranostic probes.
A novel hypervariable variable number tandem repeat in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3)
Authors: Apsley Abner T , Domico Emma R , Verbiest Max A , Brogan Carly A , Buck Evan R , Burich Andrew J , Cardone Kathleen M , Stone Wesley J , Anisimova Maria , Vandenbergh David J
Published: February 2023

The dopamine transporter gene,SLC6A3, has received substantial attention in genetic association studies of various phenotypes. Although some variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) present inSLC6A3have been tested in genetic association studies, results have not been consistent. VNTRs inSLC6A3that have not been examined genetically were characterized. The Tandem Repeat Annotation Library was used to characterize the VNTRs of 64 unrelated long-read haplotype-phasedSLC6A3sequences. Sequence similarity of each repeat unit of the five VNTRs is reported, along with the correlations of SNP–SNP, SNP–VNTR, and VNTR–VNTR alleles across the gene. One of these VNTRs is a novel hyper-VNTR (hyVNTR) in intron 8 ofSLC6A3, which contains a range of 3.4–133.4 repeat copies and has a consensus sequence length of 38 bp, with 82% G+C content. The 38-base repeat was predicted to form G-quadruplexes in silico and was confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, this hyVNTR contains multiple putative binding sites for PRDM9, which, in combination with low levels of linkage disequilibrium around the hyVNTR, suggests it might be a recombination hotspot.
Personality traits associated with anorexia nervosa and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents; a meta-analytic review
Authors:   , Kerr Cassandra
Published: February 2023

Personality traits have been recognized to play a key role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), yet much of past literature has focused on adult eating disordered samples. Because EDs typical onset is during the adolescent years, and early treatment may contribute to a more positive prognosis, this literature review sought to summarize existing studies focusing on personality and EDs, or eating disordered symptomology in adolescence. Additionally, I completed eight meta-analyses comparing scores on a variety of personality variables between adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls; where possible clinical vs non-clinical samples and differences in personality measures were explored as potential moderating factor. Results indicated that adolescents with AN differed from healthy controls on perfectionism, ineffectiveness, impulse regulation, interpersonal distrust and interoceptive awareness. Novelty seeking and maturity fears did not differ between the two groups. The nature of the sample moderated the relationship between interoceptive awareness and AN, such that clinical samples showed poorer interoceptive awareness. Findings support existing evidence associating personality traits with EDs and extends this to the adolescent age range. It is argued that different combinations of personality traits interact with one another to increase risk and maintain an individual's ED, and this should be taken into account during treatment. Further research using longitudinal designs are needed to help understand the impact personality has on EDs across time; we also need more studies focusing on ethically and gender diverse samples - both of which have been ignored thus far.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes internados em enfermaria de neurologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (HU-UFPI)
Authors: Soares Marcelino Paulo Filho , Da Costa Monteiro Ana Karoline , Borges dos Santos Tibério Silva
Published: February 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: A neurologia é uma especialidade médica que contempla o estudo das doenças do sistema nervoso, com fundamentos registrados desde o século XVII e crescimento exponencial até os dias atuais. As principais doenças neurológicas variam com o local de estudo e seu conhecimento é importante pela sua relevância global. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes neurológicos do HU-UFPI no período de 2018 a 2020. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo observacional transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo. Foi realizado a partir de dados de prontuários de pacientes internados no HU-UFPI, no período de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2020, após aprovação em Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da mesma instituição. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 248 prontuários, com 73 admissões em 2018, 97 em 2019 e 78 em 2020. A idade média foi 47,1 anos, tempo médio de internação 15,9 dias, com pacientes provenientes predominantemente de Teresina. As principais comorbidades foram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e Diabetes Mellitus. Os motivos mais frequentes de internações foram por doenças inflamatórias (42,3%), sendo a Síndrome de Guillain-Barré a principal correspondendo a 26,7% destes casos. As doenças cerebrovasculares foram responsáveis por 29% das internações durante o período do estudo, representadas predominantemente por admissões eletivas para procedimentos diagnósticos (51%). A maioria dos pacientes obteve alta hospitalar, mas apenas cerca de 47,5% destes seguiram com acompanhamento ambulatorial na instituição de estudo. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil das principais doenças internadas no HU-UFPI são neuroimunológicas e com parcial acompanhamento após a alta institucional. Maior atenção necessita ser direcionada a outras condições globalmente prevalentes, como o Acidente Vascular Cerebral.
Sulco de Rouviere
Authors: Araujo Junior Raimundo José Cunha , Carvalho Neto Isaac Antão de , Barreto Filho Nicanor , Reinealdo Luís Gustavo Cavalcante , Dantas Karoline Dantas
Published: February 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o avanço da colecistectomia videolaparoscópica para tratamento de cálculos de vesícula biliar, foram desenvolvidas estratégias para a realização de cirurgias de forma segura, buscando reduzir complicações como: lesão de ducto biliar e sangramento. A identificação do sulco de Rouviere pode ajudar a evitar lesões, dentre elas a lesão do ducto colédoco durante a colecistectomia laparoscópica, pois é um indicador do local apropriado para iniciar a dissecação do triângulo Calot. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a identificação do sulco de Rouviere em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica, na unidade de cirurgia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (HU-UFPI). METODOLOGIA: Análise descritiva através da observação das frequências absolutas (Nº) e relativas (%) e a prevalência do sulco de Rouviere, em um período de dois meses e meio. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 92 pacientes, dos quais 82 apresentavam a presença do Sulco de Rouviere, que corresponde a 89,1% dos pacientes, e 10,9% dos pacientes não o apresentavam. Dos 82 pacientes que apresentaram a presença, 68 (82,9%) pacientes apresentaram na forma de sulco real, e 14 (17,1%) pacientes apresentaram na forma de cicatriz. 53 (64,6 %) pacientes apresentaram o Sulco de Rouviére na direção oblíqua, 26 (31,7%) na direção horizontal e apenas 3 (3,7%) na vertical. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou que o sulco de Rouviere é um marco comum anatômico presente em 89,1% da nossa amostra e que na sua grande maioria é na forma de sulco real ou fosseta, 82,9%. A direção do Sulco de Rouviere no nosso estudo mostrou que a grande maioria se apresenta na direção obliqua e horizontal, 64,6% e 31,7% respectivamente, ficando a direção vertical com 3,7% da amostra.
A formação do cirurgião
Authors: Cunha Araujo Junior Raimundo José
Published: February 2023

A formnação de um Cirurgião durante a Resiência recebe uma analogia a viagem de Dante, como na Divina Comédia de Dante Alighieri. Mostrando os aspectos filóficos de momento na vida de uma profsiionalç em formação com analogia a essa obra clássica da literatura universal.