bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muon and electron $$(g-2)$$ anomalies with non-holomorphic interactions in MSSM
Authors: Ali Md. Isha , Chakraborti Manimala , Chattopadhyay Utpal , Mukherjee Samadrita
Published: January 2023

The recent Fermilab muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

result and the same for electron due to fine-structure constant measurement through $${}^{133}\textrm{Cs}$$

133

Cs

matter-wave interferometry are probed in relation to MSSM with non-holomorphic (NH) trilinear soft SUSY breaking terms, referred to as NHSSM. Supersymmetric contributions to charged lepton $$(g-2)_l$$

(
g
-
2
)

l

can be enhanced via the new trilinear terms involving a wrong Higgs coupling with left and right-handed scalars. Bino-slepton loop is used to enhance the SUSY contribution to $$g-2$$

g
-
2

where wino mass stays at 1.5 TeV and the left and right slepton mass parameters for the first two generations are considered to be the same. Unlike many MSSM-based analyses completed before, the model does not require a light electroweakino, or light sleptons, or unequal left and right slepton masses, or a very large higgsino mass parameter. In absence of popular UV complete models, we treat the NH terms at par with MSSM soft terms, in a model independent framework of Minimal Effective Supersymmetry. The first part of the analysis involves the study of $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

constraint along with the limits from Higgs mass, B-physics, collider data, direct detection of dark matter (DM), while focusing on a higgsino DM which is underabundant in nature. We then impose the constraint from electron $$g-2$$

g
-
2

where a large Yukawa threshold correction (an outcome of NHSSM) and opposite signs of trilinear NH coefficients associated with $$\mu $$
μ
and e fields are used to satisfy the dual limits of $$\Delta {a_\mu }$$

Δ

a
μ

and $$\Delta {a_e}$$

Δ

a
e

(where the latter comes with negative sign). Varying Yukawa threshold corrections further provide the necessary flavor-dependent enhancement of $$\Delta {a_e}/m_e^2$$

Δ

a
e

/

m
e
2

compared to that of $$\Delta {a_\mu }/m_\mu ^2$$

Δ

a
μ

/

m
μ
2

. A larger Yukawa threshold correction through $$A^\prime _e$$

A
e
′

for $$y_e$$

y
e

also takes away the direct proportionality of $$a_e$$

a
e

with respect to $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

. With a finite intercept, $$a_e$$

a
e

becomes only an increasing function of $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

. We identified the available parameter space in the two cases while also satisfying the ATLAS data from slepton pair production searches in the plane of slepton mass parameter and the mass of the lightest neutralino.
The role of intracellular calcium and Rho kinase pathways in G protein-coupled receptor-mediated contractions of urinary bladder urothelium and lamina propria
Authors: Phelps Charlotte , Chess-Williams Russ , Moro Christian
Published: January 2023

The influence of extracellular and intracellular calcium on smooth muscle contractile activity varies between organs. In response to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation, the urinary bladder detrusor muscle has shown a 70% dependence on extracellular calcium, whereas the urothelium and lamina propria (U&LP) has a 20%–50% dependence. However, as this only accounts for partial contractile activity, the contribution of intracellular calcium and calcium sensitization pathways remains unclear. This study assessed the role of intracellular signaling pathways on GPCR-mediated urinary bladder U&LP contraction. Porcine U&LP responses to activation of the Gq/11-coupled muscarinic, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), neurokinin, prostaglandin, and angiotensin II receptors were assessed with three selective inhibitors of store-released intracellular calcium, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), and ruthenium red, and three Rho kinase inhibitors, fasudil, Y-27632, and GSK269962. There was no discernible impact on receptor agonist-induced contractions of the U&LP after blocking intracellular calcium pathways, suggesting that this tissue is more sensitive to alterations in the availability of extracellular calcium. However, an alternative mechanism of action for GPCR-mediated contraction was identified to be the activation of Rho kinase, such as when Y-27632 significantly reduced the GPCR-mediated contractile activity of the U&LP by approximately 50% ( P < 0.05, n = 8). This suggests that contractile responses of the bladder U&LP do not involve a significant release of calcium from intracellular stores, but that Gq/11-coupled receptor activation causes calcium sensitization via Rho kinase. This study highlights a key role for Rho kinase in the urinary bladder, which may provide a novel target in the future pharmaceutical management of bladder contractile disorders.
Protein Acetylation Increased Risk of Fibrosis-Related Liver Cancer
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Yanyan , Song Zhaopu , Lu Kai , Chen Wenwen , Ma Yuanyuan , Ding Hui , Li Xiaofang , Li Xiuling , Sun Suofeng
Published: January 2023

Objective. The occurrence of liver fibrosis and fibrosis-related liver cancer is the reason for the increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is an important mediator of chronic liver fibrosis. This study aims to find the molecular mechanism that mediates HBV infection and induces TGF-β2 and verifies that CREB binding protein acetylation mediates HBV infection and induces TGF-β2 expression. Methods. The acetylated proteins were extracted from HepG2-NTCP cells and HBV-infectedHepG2-NTCP cells. The acetylated proteins were screened by modification enrichment technology and database search. Protein annotation, motif analysis of modification sites, and protein function enrichment analysis of these proteins were performed to roughly clarify the location and function of these acetylated modification proteins in cells. Acylated proteins enriched in the TGF-β pathway were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The effect of the selected acetylated modification protein on the TGF-β pathway was verified by experiments, that is, the target protein gene was knocked out by siRNA, and the expression level of the TGF-β2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Results. Proteins were extracted from HepG2-NTCP cells and HepG2-NTCP cells infected with HBV, and differential acetylation modification proteins were screened. The target protein CREB binding protein was screened by modification enrichment technology and database search. The aggregation analysis of TGF-β pathway showed that CREB binding protein was acetylated at amino acid positions 434 and 439, and enriched in the TGF-β signaling pathway. siRNA targeting CREB binding protein was transfected, and the expression of TGF-β2 in cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. It was verified that HBV infection-inducedCREB-binding protein acetylation regulated the high expression of TGF-β2. Conclusion. After HBV infection, CREBBP acetylation was up-regulated, which promoted the high expression of TGF-β2.
The Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties of the CNTs-Doped Magnesium Based Composite Implants in a Long-Term Biodegradation Process
Authors: Zhao Meng , Su Rongjun , Ji Lingyu , Zhang Ying , Wu Huirong , Wen Zhaohui , Dai Changsong
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to increase a new biodegradable implant material’s biodegradability, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity in the long-term degradation process, as well as its antibacterial properties, novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with or without Cu element were doped into calcium phosphate (CaP)–chitosan (CS) layers and then fabricated to obtain the magnesium (Mg) matrix composites. In this paper, we investigated the influences of the CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg composites on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human osteosarcoma cell (SaOS-2) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Furthermore, the Cu/CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg was prepared to improve the bioactivity and antibacterial activity of the composites. The results indicated that CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg composites were suitable for proliferation and differentiation of SaOS-2 cells. Stimulated by the CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg extracts, the ALP expression of hBMSCs increased in the first 16 days and the mineralization ability of hBMSCs was highly expressed throughout the whole process which might be through the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. After CNTs-loaded Cu element, the bioactivity of the coating was satisfactory. Moreover, this new implant exhibited excellent antibacterial properties for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus albus (S. albus). Collectively, these data suggest that the CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg and Cu/CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg might be potentially applied as bone implants for future clinical use.
Damage Initiation Analysis of a Tension Stiffened Composite PRSEUS Panel Based on Modified Hashin Criteria
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Ettoumi Samya , Cui Bo , Zhou Jingpiao
Published: January 2023

In this study, a damaged three-stringer PRSEUS panel simulating a midbay-to-midbay damage scenario was modelled in Abaqus and analyzed under tension. Moreover, employing the Abaqus built-in Hashin failure criteria verified the reliability of the criteria in predicting damage initiation with great accuracy. Further, these criteria were implemented via UMAT to investigate the effect of shear stress on the analysis, indicating that manipulating the coefficient of shear stress contribution led to a significant enhancement in analysis accuracy. Lastly, the same procedure was followed in the analysis of a repaired three-stringer panel, validating once again the adequacy of the adopted approach and simultaneously highlighting the efficiency of the repair technique in restoring load carrying of the PRSEUS panel. This study may provide a dependable reference presenting a simplified and significantly less computationally demanding approach for damage analysis composite structures and their repair, in addition to further applying these techniques to access the damage-arresting capabilities of these structures.
Surgical Management of Recurrence of Primary Intrahepatic Bile Duct Stones
Authors: Xia HongTian , Zhang HangYu , Xin XianLei , Liang Bin , Yang Tao , Liu Yang , Wang Jing , Meng XiangFei
Published: January 2023

Background. The surgical treatment of primary intrahepatic bile duct stones is associated with high rates of postoperative complications, stone recurrence, and reoperation. This study aimed to report an 11-year experience in the management of postoperative recurrence of intrahepatic bile duct stones, analyze the causes of the reoperation, and establish appropriate surgical procedures. Materials and Methods. The records of 148 patients with postoperative recurrence of primary intrahepatic bile duct stones treated from January 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Prior surgical treatment and postoperative data were analyzed to investigate possible causes of recurrence and reoperation. Results. All patients with a prior cholangiojejunostomy (n = 61) developed biliary stenosis (100%). Of the 86 patients without cholangiojejunostomy, 71 (82.56%) had abnormalities in the structure and function of the lower end of the common bile duct, and 86 had hilar and intrahepatic bile duct stenosis. Of all 148 patients, 136 (91.89%) had positive intraoperative bile cultures. Patients were treated with a modified surgical procedure, and the combined excellent and good rate of long-term outcomes reached 85.48% (106/124). The stone recurrence rate of the 124 patients decreased from 100% (124/124) of the prior operation to 5.65% (7/124) during the reoperation. Conclusions. The pathogenesis of primary intrahepatic bile duct stones is associated with biliary infection and intrahepatic bile duct cholestasis. According to the etiology and pathogenic mechanism, surgical procedures that improve long-term outcomes and reduce postoperative recurrence include bile duct exploration with stone extraction, partial hepatectomy, hilar ductoplasty, and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.
Improved Basic Cytogenetics Challenges Holocentricity of Butterfly Chromosomes
Authors: Dutrillaux Bernard , Dutrillaux Anne-Marie , McClure Mélanie , Gèze Marc , Elias Marianne , Bed’hom Bertrand
Published: January 2023

Mitotic chromosomes of butterflies, which look like dots or short filaments in most published data, are generally considered to lack localised centromeres and thus to be holokinetic. This particularity, observed in a number of other invertebrates, is associated with meiotic particularities known as “inverted meiosis,” in which the first division is equational, i.e., centromere splitting-up and segregation of sister chromatids instead of homologous chromosomes. However, the accurate analysis of butterfly chromosomes is difficult because (1) their size is very small, equivalent to 2 bands of a mammalian metaphase chromosome, and (2) they lack satellite DNA/heterochromatin in putative centromere regions and therefore marked primary constrictions. Our improved conditions for basic chromosome preparations, here applied to 6 butterfly species belonging to families Nymphalidae and Pieridae challenges the holocentricity of their chromosomes: in spite of the absence of primary constrictions, sister chromatids are recurrently held together at definite positions during mitotic metaphase, which makes possible to establish karyotypes composed of acrocentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The total number of chromosomes per karyotype is roughly inversely proportional to that of non-acrocentric chromosomes, which suggests the occurrence of frequent robertsonian-like fusions or fissions during evolution. Furthermore, the behaviour and morphological changes of chromosomes along the various phases of meiosis do not seem to differ much from those of canonical meiosis. In particular, at metaphase II chromosomes clearly have 2 sister chromatids, which refutes that anaphase I was equational. Thus, we propose an alternative mechanism to holocentricity for explaining the large variations in chromosome numbers in butterflies: (1) in the ancestral karyotype, composed of about 62 mostly acrocentric chromosomes, the centromeres, devoid of centromeric heterochromatin/satellite DNA, were located at contact with telomeric heterochromatin; (2) the instability of telomeric heterochromatin largely contributed to drive the multiple rearrangements, principally chromosome fusions, which occurred during butterfly evolution.
Centrilobular Emphysema Is Associated with Pectoralis Muscle Reduction in Current Smokers without Airflow Limitation
Authors: Maetani Tomoki , Tanabe Naoya , Shiraishi Yusuke , Shimada Takafumi , Terada Satoru , Shima Hiroshi , Mochizuki Fumi , Sakamoto Ryo , Kaji Shizuo , Oguma Tsuyoshi , Sato Susumu , Iijima Hiroaki , Masuda Izuru , Hirai Toyohiro
Published: January 2023

Background: Physiological and prognostic associations of centrilobular emphysema (CLE) and paraseptal emphysema (PSE) in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been increasingly recognized, but the associations with extrapulmonary abnormalities, such as muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases, remain unestablished. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether CLE was associated with extrapulmonary abnormalities independent of concomitant PSE in smokers without airflow limitation. Methods: This retrospective study consecutively enrolled current smokers without airflow limitation who underwent lung cancer screening with computed tomography and spirometry. CLE and PSE were visually identified based on the Fleischner Society classification system. Cross-sectional areas of pectoralis muscles (PM) and adjacent subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), bone mineral density (BMD), and coronary artery calcification (CAC) were evaluated. Results: Of 310 current smokers without airflow limitation, 83 (26.8%) had CLE. The PSE prevalence was higher (67.5% vs. 23.3%), and PM area, SAT area, and BMD were lower in smokers with CLE than in those without (PM area (mean), 34.5 versus 38.6 cm2; SAT area (mean), 29.3 versus 36.8 cm2; BMD (mean), 158.3 versus 178.4 Hounsfield unit), while CAC presence did not differ. In multivariable models, CLE was associated with lower PM area but not with SAT area or BMD, after adjusting for PSE presence, demographics, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Conclusions: The observed association between CLE and lower PM area suggests that susceptibility to skeletal muscle loss could be high in smokers with CLE even without COPD.
Acute Sarcopenia
Authors: Montero-Errasquín Beatriz , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J.
Published: January 2023

Sarcopenia is currently understood as an organ insufficiency. However, the distinction of acute and chronic sarcopenia as different categories, which makes sense in this conceptual framework, is still evolving. The first set of modern definitions of sarcopenia only considered chronic sarcopenia. However, research showed that function in acute care settings differs from the loss that evolves slowly over months or years, and this fact is starting to permeate modern definitions. The updated version of the EWGSOP definition identifies acute and chronic sarcopenia as subcategories. Different studies have reported rates of incident sarcopenia in hospitalised older patients around 15–20%, which adds to the prevalent sarcopenia present on admission. Diagnosing sarcopenia in acute settings carries specific challenges related to the patients, the acute condition, and limitations in the use of diagnostic tests for muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Prevention and management of acute sarcopenia rely on exercise during admission, but the quality of evidence is still low. Nutritional intervention and drugs may have a role, but more research is needed.
Prognostic Implication of Mitral Valve Disease and Its Progression in East Asian Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kim Dae‐Young , Seo Jiwon , Cho Iksung , Hong Geu‐Ru , Ha Jong‐Won , Shim Chi Young
Published: January 2023

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder affecting not only the myocardium but also the mitral valve (MV) and its apparatus. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of MV disease and its progression in East Asian patients with HCM.

Methods and Results

We assessed MV structure and function on the indexed echocardiogram of 1185 patients with HCM (mean±SD age, 60±14 years; men, 67%) in a longitudinal HCM registry, and 667 patients who performed follow‐up echocardiogram after 3 to 5 years were also analyzed. Progression of mitral regurgitation (MR) was defined as the increase of at least 1 grade. Clinical outcomes were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, MV surgery or septal myectomy, and heart transplantation. Most of the entire cohort was nonobstructive type (n=1081 [91.2%]). A total of 278 patients (23.5%) showed at least mild MR on indexed echocardiogram. MR, systolic anterior motion, and mitral annular calcification were more prevalent in patients with obstructive HCM. During 7.0±4.0 years of follow‐up, presence of MR was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.07–2.40];
P
=0.023). On follow‐up echocardiogram, 67 (10.0%) patients showed MR progression, and it was independently associated with poor prognosis (HR, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.29–4.71];
P
=0.007).

Conclusions

In East Asian patients with HCM whose major type is nonobstructive, MV disease is common. MR, systolic anterior motion, and mitral annular calcification are more prevalent in patients with obstructive HCM. The presence and progression of MR are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCM.
Lectin‐Like Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes: Phase 1 Results
Authors: Vavere Andrea L. , Sinsakul Marvin , Ongstad Emily L. , Yang Ye , Varma Vijayalakshmi , Jones Christopher , Goodman Joanne , Dubois Vincent F. S. , Quartino Angelica L. , Karathanasis Sotirios K. , Abuhatzira Liron , Collén Anna , Antoniades Charalambos , Koren Michael J. , Gupta Ruchi , George Richard T.
Published: January 2023

Background

Blockade of the lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) is a potentially attractive mechanism for lowering inflammatory and lipid risk in patients with atherosclerosis. This study aims to assess the safety, tolerability, and target engagement of MEDI6570, a high‐affinity monoclonal blocking antibody to LOX‐1.

Methods and Results

This phase 1, first‐in‐human, placebo‐controlled study (NCT03654313) randomized 88 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive single ascending doses (10, 30, 90, 250, or 500 mg) or multiple ascending doses (90, 150, or 250 mg once monthly for 3 months) of MEDI6570 or placebo. Primary end point was safety; secondary and exploratory end points included pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, free soluble LOX‐1 levels, and change in coronary plaque volume. Mean age was 57.6/58.1 years in the single ascending doses/multiple ascending doses groups, 31.3%/62.5% were female, and mean type 2 diabetes duration was 9.7/8.7 years. Incidence of adverse events was similar among cohorts. MEDI6570 exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with terminal half‐life increasing from 4.6 days (30 mg) to 11.2 days (500 mg), consistent with target‐mediated drug disposition. Dose‐dependent reductions in mean soluble LOX‐1 levels from baseline were observed (>66% at 4 weeks and 71.61–82.96% at 10 weeks in the single ascending doses and multiple ascending doses groups, respectively). After 3 doses, MEDI6570 was associated with nonsignificant regression of noncalcified plaque volume versus placebo (−13.45 mm
3
versus −8.25 mm
3
).

Conclusions

MEDI6570 was well tolerated and demonstrated dose‐dependent soluble LOX‐1 suppression and a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with once‐monthly dosing.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT03654313.
Association of Depression and Poor Mental Health With Cardiovascular Disease and Suboptimal Cardiovascular Health Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Kwapong Yaa A. , Boakye Ellen , Khan Sadiya S. , Honigberg Michael C. , Martin Seth S. , Oyeka Chigolum P. , Hays Allison G. , Natarajan Pradeep , Mamas Mamas A. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Blaha Michael J. , Sharma Garima
Published: January 2023

Background

Depression is a nontraditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data on the association of depression and poor mental health with CVD and suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) among young adults are limited.

Methods and Results

We used data from 593 616 young adults (aged 18–49 years) from the 2017 to 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized US adults. Exposures were self‐reported depression and poor mental health days (PMHDs; categorized as 0, 1–13, and 14–30 days of poor mental health in the past 30 days). Outcomes were self‐reported CVD (composite of myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke) and suboptimal CVH (≥2 cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight/obesity, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake). Using logistic regression, we investigated the association of depression and PMHDs with CVD and suboptimal CVH, adjusting for sociodemographic factors (and cardiovascular risk factors for the CVD outcome). Of the 593 616 participants (mean age, 34.7±9.0 years), the weighted prevalence of depression was 19.6% (95% CI, 19.4–19.8), and the weighted prevalence of CVD was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.4–2.6). People with depression had higher odds of CVD than those without depression (odds ratio [OR], 2.32 [95% CI, 2.13–2.51]). There was a graded association of PMHDs with CVD. Compared with individuals with 0 PMHDs, the odds of CVD in those with 1 to 13 PMHDs and 14 to 30 PHMDs were 1.48 (95% CI, 1.34–1.62) and 2.29 (95% CI, 2.08–2.51), respectively, after adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. The associations did not differ significantly by sex or urban/rural status. Individuals with depression had higher odds of suboptimal CVH (OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.65–1.95]) compared with those without depression, with a similar graded relationship between PMHDs and suboptimal CVH.

Conclusions

Depression and poor mental health are associated with premature CVD and suboptimal CVH among young adults. Although this association is likely bidirectional, prioritizing mental health may help reduce CVD risk and improve CVH in young adults.
Kenton Award Lecture—Stroke Disparities Research: Learning From the Past, Planning for the Future
Authors: Kapral Moira K.
Published: January 2023

Inequities in stroke care and outcomes have been documented both within and among countries based on factors, such as race, geography, and socioeconomic status. Research can help us to identify, understand, and address inequities, and this article offers considerations for scientists working in this area. These include designing research aimed at identifying the underlying causes of inequities, recognizing the importance of the social determinants of health, considering interventions that go beyond the individual patient and provider to include policies and systems, acknowledging the role of structural racism, performing community-engaged participatory research, considering intersecting social identities, learning from cross-national comparisons, maintaining the data sources needed for inequities research, using terminology that advances health equity, and improving diversity across the research enterprise.
Distal Embolization in Relation to Radiological Thrombus Characteristics, Treatment Details, and Functional Outcome
Authors: Bala Fouzi , Kappelhof Manon , Ospel Johanna M. , Cimflova Petra , Qiu Wu , Singh Nishita , Zhu Kairan , Kim Beom Joon , Wadhwa Ankur , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Menon Bijoy K. , Arrarte Terreros Nerea , Marquering Henk , Majoie Charles , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank ,   for the ESCAPE-NA1 Investigators
Published: January 2023

Background:

Distal embolization (DE) is a common complication of endovascular treatment (EVT). We investigated the association of radiological thrombus characteristics and treatment details with DE.

Methods:

Patients with thin-slice (≤2.5 mm) baseline noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography from the ESCAPE-NA1 trial (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke) were included. Thrombus annotation was performed manually on coregistered scans by experienced readers. We assessed thrombus location, distance from internal carotid artery terminus, length, perviousness, absolute attenuation, and hyperdense artery sign. In addition, we evaluated balloon guide catheter use during EVT, first-line EVT approach, the number of thrombectomy passes, and prior intravenous thrombolysis administration. DE was defined as the occurrence of emboli distal to the target artery or in new territories during EVT. The association between thrombus characteristics, treatment details, and DE was evaluated using descriptive statistics and multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression, resulting in adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI. Interaction between IVT and radiological thrombus characteristics was assessed by adding interaction terms in separate models.

Results:

In total, 496 out of 1105 (44.9%) ESCAPE-NA1 patients were included. DE was detected in 251 out of 496 patients (50.6%). Patients with DE had longer thrombi (median, 28.5 [interquartile range, 20.8–42.3] mm versus 24.4 [interquartile range, 17.1–32.4] mm;
P
<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the other thrombus characteristics. Factors associated with DE were thrombus length (aOR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.04]), balloon guide catheter use (aOR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.29–0.85]), and number of passes (aOR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.04–1.47]). In patients with hyperdense artery sign, IVT was associated with reduced odds of DE (aOR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.31–0.97]),
P
for interaction=0.04.

Conclusions:

DE was associated with longer thrombi, no balloon guide catheter use, and more EVT passes. IVT was associated with a reduced risk of DE in patients with hyperdense artery sign. These findings may support treatment decisions on IVT and EVT approaches.
A Measure of Neural Function Provides Unique Insights into Behavioral Deficits in Acute Stroke
Authors: Vanderschelden Benjamin , Erani Fareshte , Wu Jennifer , de Havenon Adam , Srinivasan Ramesh , Cramer Steven C.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Clinical and neuroimaging measures incompletely explain behavioral deficits in the acute stroke setting. We hypothesized that electroencephalography (EEG)-based measures of neural function would significantly improve prediction of acute stroke deficits.

Methods:

Patients with acute stroke (n=50) seen in the emergency department of a university hospital from 2017 to 2018 underwent standard evaluation followed by a 3-minute recording of EEG at rest using a wireless, 17-electrode, dry-lead system. Artifacts in EEG recordings were removed offline and then spectral power was calculated for each lead pair. A primary EEG metric was DTABR, which is calculated as a ratio of spectral power: [(Delta*Theta)/(Alpha*Beta)]. Bivariate analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression identified clinical and neuroimaging measures that best predicted initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Multivariable linear regression was then performed before versus after adding EEG findings to these measures, using initial NIHSS score as the dependent measure.

Results:

Age, diabetes status, and infarct volume were the best predictors of initial NIHSS score in bivariate analyses, confirmed using LASSO regression. Combined in a multivariate model, these 3 explained initial NIHSS score (adjusted r
2
=0.47). Adding any of several different EEG measures to this clinical model significantly improved prediction; the greatest amount of additional variance was explained by adding contralesional DTABR (adjusted r
2
=0.60,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

EEG measures of neural function significantly add to clinical and neuroimaging for explaining initial NIHSS score in the acute stroke emergency department setting. A dry-lead EEG system can be rapidly and easily implemented. EEG contains information that may be useful early after stroke.
Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: 2022 Update
Authors: Towfighi Amytis , Ovbiagele Bruce
Published: January 2023

There are stark inequities in stroke incidence, prevalence, care, and outcomes. This issue of
Stroke
features manuscripts from the third annual HEADS-UP (Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving) symposium, which took place the day before the International Stroke Conference in February 2022. The 2022 HEADS-UP symposium focused on clinical trials to address stroke inequities. The 2022 Edgar J. Kenton III award was awarded to Moira Kapral. In Kenton Award Lecture—Stroke Disparities Research: Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future, Kapral details 10 key considerations for researchers interested in addressing inequities in stroke. These considerations provide an insightful, evidence-based roadmap for the future of stroke inequities research. In the article, Care Transition Interventions to Improve Stroke Outcomes, Reeves et al highlight barriers faced by historically disenfranchised populations navigating transitions in the stroke continuum of care; summarize clinical trials aimed at enhancing transitions in care, particularly in historically marginalized populations; and stress the importance of co-designing future interventions with patient populations to address inequities. In Telehealth Trials to Enhance Health Equity for Patients With Stroke, Sharrief et al detail how telehealth interventions have the potential to address inequities if they are implemented in a thoughtful manner, addressing the potential factors than can exacerbate a digital divide. Finally, in Polypill Programs to Prevent Stroke and Cut Costs in Low Income Countries: From Clinical Efficacy to Implementation, Sarfo et al review the evidence for polypill strategies in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention in low- and middle-income countries, who bear the majority of the worldwide burden of stroke.
Chusquea calderoniae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species of C. subg. Chusquea endemic to the Espinhaço Range, Brazil
Authors: DE A. VIDAL KAIO VINICIUS , SOUZA MURILO JOSÉ O. , WELKER CASSIANO A. DORNELES , OLIVEIRA IASMIN LAIANE C. , CLARK LYNN G. , OLIVEIRA REYJANE P.
Published: January 2023

Chusquea is the richest genus of Neotropical bamboos, occurring from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil, with 198 accepted species. In Brazil, 49 members of this genus have been recorded, with the Eastern region being its main center of diversity, especially in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. The Espinhaço Range, found within this region, is considered the largest mountain complex in Brazil, including campo rupestre, caatinga, and cerrado vegetation types and transitional types among these, which explains the particular plant diversity of this region. Our recent taxonomic studies on Brazilian Chusquea subg. Chusquea indicated the presence of a new species herein described and illustrated, named C. calderoniae. It is morphologically related to the C. meyeriana informal group, being most similar to C. attenuata, but differing by the shape of the central bud and the length of the spikelet structures. The new species is endemic to the Espinhaço Range, occurring in riparian forest on the flanks of Pico das Almas, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and the Diamantina Plateau in Minas Gerais state, associated to campo rupestre vegetation, in contrast to C. attenuata, which occurs in the Atlantic rainforest in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.
Two new species of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae, Boletales) with biocultural importance in the Tlahuica-Pjiekakjoo culture from Central Mexico
Authors: PÉREZ-MORENO JESÚS , MARTÍNEZ-REYES MAGDALENA , MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ CÉSAR RAMIRO , RAMÍREZ-CARBAJAL ELISETTE , CARRERA-MARTÍNEZ ANAITZI , DE LA FUENTE JAVIER ISAAC , OLVERA-NORIEGA JOAN WINDHOEK , AYALA-VÁSQUEZ OLIVIA
Published: January 2023

The genus Chroogomphus has scarcely been studied in Mexico, with only one species reported in the country despite its great biocultural importance in native cultures. In this study, two new species of Chroogomphus are presented based on genetic and morphological characterization. The phylogenetic analysis with DNA sequences from nrITS region confirmed that C. conacytiensis sp. nov. and C. flavovinaceus sp. nov. are included in independent clades separated from other species within the subgenus Chroogomphus. Both species have great biocultural importance in the Tlahuica-Pjiekakjoo native culture from Central Mexico as edible taxa, and are associated with Pinus pseudostrobus in Quercus-Pinus and in Pinus hartwegii forests. Descriptions and photographs of the newly described species are presented.
Orthoptera faunas of Dinara, Svilaja, Kamešnica, and Troglav mountains and Livanjsko polje
Authors: KASALO NIKO , BOGIĆ DOMAGOJ , VERBANAC IVA , ŠKORPUT JADRANKA , KOKAN BOŽE , ĆATO SEBASTIAN , KASALO JURE , KASALO MIRICA , SKEJO JOSIP
Published: January 2023

The Balkan peninsula is an important biogeographic region of Europe which houses the Dinaric Alps, a mountain range rich in biodiversity. The fauna of Orthoptera has, in recent years, been an important subject of study in Croatia, but many of the Dinaric mountains in Croatia remain poorly sampled. Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the exception of some foreign expeditions, remains almost completely unknown with regards to the distribution of Orthoptera. This paper presents the inventory of the orthopteran faunas of Dinara, Svilaja, Kamešnica, and Troglav mountains and Livanjsko polje, with research conducted in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2021 and 2022. A total of 67 localities were visited and 115 species were recorded. For each species in each locality, a simple abundance estimation was carried out and is reported here. A comparative checklist of species is provided, combining the literature and newly gathered data. Although many species were recorded, most of the visited areas would benefit from more research. Recently, with the establishment of Dinara Nature Park, conservation efforts in Croatia have increased but the same cannot be said for Bosnia and Herzegovina, where more conservation work is required.
Euryachen seuzei, a new genus and species of Placusini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Brazil
Authors: PIRES-SILVA CARLOS M.
Published: January 2023

The tribe Placusini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) consists five genera with worldwide distribution. Despite great morphological diversity, the species are easily recognized by their 4-4-5 tarsal formula and the two-articulated labial palpi, along with a broad and rounded ligula. Several synapomorphies proposed by earlier authors, both for larvae and adults, have led to the conclusion that the tribe now is considered monophyletic within Aleocharinae. Herein, a new genus and species of Placusini from Brazil is described and illustrated. Euryachen seuzei gen. et sp. nov. presents all the proposed synapomorphies for the tribe, in addition to unique characters. An updated key for the genera in Placusini is also provided.
Korean species of the genus Amischa Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a description of new species
Authors: LEE SEUNG-GYU , AHN KEE-JEONG
Published: January 2023

A taxonomic study of the genus Amischa Thomson of Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species, including A. koreana Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. Amischa analis (Gravenhorst) is reported for the first time in the Korean peninsula. A key to Korean species, descriptions, habitus photographs, and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves in Aquaplanet Experiments with Resolved or Parameterized Convection
Authors: Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Judt Falko , Bryan George , Medeiros Brian , Wang Wei
Published: January 2023

Accurate simulations of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) are key to properly forecasting rainfall and weather patterns within (and outside) the tropics. Many studies have shown that global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models usually do not accurately simulate CCEWs; however, it is unclear if this problem can be alleviated with a better representation of deep convection in the models. To this end, this study investigates the representation of multiple types of CCEWs in the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A). The simulated structure of CCEWs is analyzed from three MPAS-A aquaplanet experiments with horizontal cell spacing of 30, 15, and 3 km, respectively. Using a wave-phase composite technique, the simulated structure is compared against observed CCEWs as represented by satellite and reanalysis data. All aquaplanet experiments capture the overall structure of gravity wave–type equatorial waves (e.g., Kelvin waves and inertio-gravity waves). Those waves are more realistic in the 3-km experiment, particularly in terms of the vertical structure of temperature, water vapor, and wind anomalies associated with the waves. The main reason for this improvement is a more realistic diabatic heating profile; the experiment with resolved convection produces stronger heating (or weaker cooling) below the melting level during the convectively active phase of Kelvin and inertio-gravity waves. Intriguingly, the rainfall and lower-tropospheric structure associated with easterly waves show pronounced discrepancies between the aquaplanet experiments and reanalysis. Resolved deep convection primarily affects the intensity and propagation speeds of these waves.
“Eddy” Saturation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current by Standing Waves
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Neumann Nicole K. , Solodoch Aviv
Published: January 2023

It is now well established that changes in the zonal wind stress over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) do not lead to changes in its baroclinicity nor baroclinic transport, a phenomenon referred to as “eddy saturation.” Previous studies provide contrasting dynamical mechanisms for this phenomenon: on one extreme, changes in the winds lead to changes in the efficiency with which transient eddies transfer momentum to the sea floor; on the other extreme, structural adjustments of the ACC’s standing meanders increase the efficiency of momentum transfer. In this study the authors investigate the relative importance of these mechanisms using an idealized, isopycnal channel model of the ACC. Via separate diagnoses of the model’s time-mean flow and eddy diffusivity, the authors decompose the model’s response to changes in wind stress into contributions from transient eddies and the mean flow. A key result is that holding the transient eddy diffusivity constant while varying the mean flow very closely compensates for changes in the wind stress, whereas holding the mean flow constant and varying the eddy diffusivity does not. This implies that eddy saturation primarily occurs due to adjustments in the ACC’s standing waves/meanders, rather than due to adjustments of transient eddy behavior. The authors derive a quasigeostrophic theory for ACC transport saturation by standing waves, in which the transient eddy diffusivity is held fixed, and thus provides dynamical insights into standing wave adjustment to wind changes. These findings imply that representing eddy saturation in global models requires adequate resolution of the ACC’s standing meanders, with wind-responsive parameterizations of the transient eddies being of secondary importance.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) in an urban Indigenous Australian sample
Authors: Basit Tabinda , Anderson Mathew , Lindstrom Akiaja , Santomauro Damian F , Whiteford Harvey A , Ferrari Alize J
Published: January 2023

Objective:

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 is a standardised diagnostic interview commonly used in population-based mental health surveys, but has not been used in community-residing Indigenous Australians. This paper seeks to determine whether the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 can produce valid diagnostic information when compared with a diagnostic interview in an urban Indigenous Australian sample.

Method:

This research was conducted over 10 weeks with adult Indigenous clients of two participating Aboriginal Medical Services in South-East Queensland. Using a cross-sectional, repeated-measures design, participants were administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 by an Indigenous interviewer and within 2 weeks attended a second appointment with an Indigenous clinical psychologist, who produced a diagnostic summary. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 diagnoses were compared with the diagnostic summaries and clinical concordance between the two measures was calculated.

Results:

The diagnostic accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 differed by module. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression modules had good utility in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive episodes, respectively; however, the Mania module that provides diagnoses of bipolar disorder was found to be unsuitable for this population. Although there were no identified contraindications for the use of the Generalised Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorder modules, further research on the diagnostic accuracy of these modules is warranted.

Conclusions:

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 can accurately diagnose some common mental disorders in an Indigenous Australian population, but was found to be unsuitable for others. Given these findings, care should be taken when using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 in epidemiological prevalence studies with Indigenous Australian populations.
Gender Differences in Social Support and Posttraumatic Growth for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cundiff Justice M. , Fromuth Mary Ellen , Fuller Dana K.
Published: January 2023

The current study investigated gender differences in perceived social support and posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Participants for this study included 86 undergraduate students who indicated at least one instance of partner abuse (consisting of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and harassment). Participants were predominantly female (68%), White/Caucasian (62%), and between 18 and 21 years of age (84%). Participants responded to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Composite Abuse Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Mean differences and correlational analyses were utilized to investigate potential gender differences in the study variables as well as the relationships among them. The prevalence of intimate partner violence was comparable to those found in other studies, with 59% of men and 57% of women indicating experiencing abuse from a partner. Although the prevalence rates were similar, women indicated higher overall partner abuse victimization than did men. Moreover, women indicated statistically significantly higher scores than men in three of the four Composite Abuse Scale subscales, reflecting higher levels of victimization for all forms of abuse except for partner harassment. Further, perceived social support scores were similar for men and women, with the only significant gender difference to emerge being that men indicated higher levels of familial support than did women. No statistically significant gender differences emerged for overall posttraumatic growth or for any of its domains. Finally, social support was correlated with posttraumatic growth for women but not for men. The current study, therefore, suggests that men and women may experience similar levels of personal growth in the aftermath of partner abuse. Moreover, these results imply that the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth may vary according to the gender of the survivor.
Harmful Algal Bloom Exposures Self-reported to Poison Centers in the United States, May–October 2019
Authors: Lavery Amy M. , Kieszak Stephanie M. , Law Royal , Bronstein Alvin C. , Funk Alexandra R. , Banerji Shireen , Brown Kaitlyn , Sollee Dawn R. , Backer Lorraine C.
Published: January 2023

The National Poison Data System (NPDS) comprises self-reported information from people who call US poison center hotlines. NPDS data have proven to be important in identifying emerging public health threats. We used NPDS to examine records of people who had self-reported exposure to harmful algal blooms (HABs). Participating poison centers then contacted people who had called their centers from May through October 2019 about their HAB exposure to ask about exposure route, symptoms, health care follow-up, and awareness of possible risks of exposure. Of 55 callers who agreed to participate, 47 (85%) reported exposure to HABs while swimming or bathing in HAB-contaminated water. Nine callers reported health symptoms from being near waters contaminated with HABs, suggesting potential exposure via aerosolized toxins. Symptoms varied by the reported routes of exposure; the most commonly reported symptoms were gastrointestinal and respiratory. More public and health care provider education and outreach are needed to improve the understanding of HAB-related risks, to address ways to prevent HAB-related illnesses, and to describe appropriate support when exposures occur.