bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a UV coupled indigenous hydrophilized polyamide membrane system for enhanced shelf life of mature coconut water
Authors: Vani Bukke , Chandra Sekhar Sugali , Sahu Nivedita , Sridhar Sundergopal
Published: December 2020

The demand for mature coconut water is growing tremendously in beverage industries due to its high salubrious value and potential healing properties. Many coconut processing industries that manufacture products such as coconut oil, coconut milk, and desiccated coconut generate a massive volume of unutilized mature coconut water. Thus, the discharged liquid waste of valuable food products causes severe environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need to develop a strategy to treat the unused liquid discharge that can improve shelf‐life, natural freshness, flavor, aroma, and recovery of value‐added products. In the present investigation, mature coconut water (CW) was concentrated by a UV coupled hydrophilized polyamide (HPA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Experiments were conducted by varying functional parameters like applied pressure and operating time on flux, percentage water recovery, and salt rejection. From experimental observations, the membrane was found to exhibit 62.50% water recovery and 86.35% salt rejection with a maximum water flux of 4.85 L/m2.h at an optimized feed pressure of 8 kg /cm2. Further research was carried out by passing the concentrate solution through a UV module at 254 nm to prevent bacterial contamination. Additionally, the physicochemical parameters were assessed, and sensory evaluation studies were conducted to explore the final product's properties. The concentrate and permeate CW shelf‐life was enhanced from 2 h to 30 days by refrigerating the samples at 4°C. Finally, the cost estimation of the designed system is provided to verify process scale‐up and commercialization feasibility.
Development of the Role Performance Scale for Middle‐Aged Generalist Nurses in Japan
Authors: Kawaguchi Kazuko , Hatono Yoko
Published: December 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to develop a self‐assessment tool, the Role Performance Scale for Middle‐aged Generalist Nurses in Japan and confirm its reliability and validity.

Methods

Scale items were extracted from interviews, and item and scale‐level validity were rated by nursing management researchers and middle‐aged generalist nurses. The resulting 36‐item questionnaire was administered to clinical generalist nurses (middle‐aged nurses, n = 837; young nurses, n = 800) in Japan. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, and the tool's internal consistency and construct validity were analyzed.

Results

Valid responses obtained from 504 middle‐aged and 311 young generalist nurses were included in the analysis. The final scale was composed of 25 items, which were divided into five factors: “backing up head nurses,” “instructing young nurses on practices as an informal mentor,” “providing young nurses with mental support,” “providing empathic support to patients and their families,” and “coordinating team medical care.” In the confirmatory factor analysis, the indices of fitness supported these results. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .94 for the total scale and ranged from .72 to .91 for the five factors. The five factors explained a cumulative variance of 65.4%.

Conclusions

The five‐factor, 25‐item Role Performance Scale for Middle‐aged Generalist Nurses in Japan was confirmed to have sufficient reliability and validity. Middle‐aged generalist nurses can use this tool to self‐assess their nursing behavior. In addition, head nurses can use it to assess the role performance of middle‐aged generalist nurses and aid in their continual education.
Elevated serum level of interleukin‐15 in vitiligo patients and its correlation with disease severity but not activity
Authors: Atwa Mona A. , Ali Sara Mohammed Mohammed , Youssef Nahed , Mahmoud Marie Radwa El‐Sayed
Published: December 2020

Background

Vitiligo is a common acquired disorder of depigmentation. Its pathogenesis entails a T helper (Th) 1‐cytotoxic T (cT) lymphocytes mediated autoimmune melanocyte destruction. Interleukin (IL)‐15 is one of the IL‐2 family of cytokines and shares several actions with IL‐2. IL‐15 enhances survival, maturation, and functional activity of natural killer, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, it potentiates survival, maturation, and cytotoxicity of memory cT cells. IL‐15 has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases but was poorly investigated in patients with vitiligo.

Aims

The study aimed at evaluating IL‐15 level in the sera of patients with vitiligo and its association with vitiligo severity and activity.

Patients and Methods

The study included 30 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 30 healthy controls. Vitiligo Extent Score (VES) and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) score were used to assess vitiligo severity and activity, respectively. Serum level of IL‐15 was assessed by enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay.

Results

Serum IL‐15 level, in patients with vitiligo, was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (P = .001). A significant positive correlation was found between serum IL‐15 level and VES score (P = .001), whereas there was no significant correlation between IL‐15 level and VIDA score as well as the disease duration.

Conclusion

IL‐15 level was elevated in the sera of patients with vitiligo. IL‐15 may therefore have a significant impact on vitiligo autoimmune pathogenesis, and further identification of its molecular roles may highlight new therapeutic strategies for vitiligo.
Assessment of the mandibular buccal shelf for orthodontic anchorage: Influence of side, gender and skeletal patterns
Authors: Aleluia Roberta Basañez , Duplat Candice Belchior , Crusoé‐Rebello Iêda , Neves Frederico Sampaio
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To evaluate bone height and thickness in the mandibular buccal shelf region and to compare differences between anatomical sites according to gender, side and vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns.

Settings and sample population

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images of 94 subjects (51 females and 43 males) were previously obtained as part of preoperative planning for orthognathic surgery.

Methods

Measurements were performed in three different regions of the mandibular buccal shelf: mesially, towards the central groove and distally to the second molars. Bone thickness measurements were obtained perpendicularly 3, 5 and 7 mm below the bone crest towards the mandible outer cortex. Bone height was measured 3 mm away from the bone crest perpendicularly to the outer cortex of the base of mandible.

Results

There was an increase in bone thickness in the posterior and basal directions. The increase in bone thickness ranged from 1.8 to 7.1 mm. Greater bone height was found in the anterior direction. The increase in bone height ranged from 17.5 to 22.5 mm. Hypodivergent and Class III subjects showed significantly greater bone thickness (P < .05). Significantly greater bone height was found mesially to the second molar in Class III subjects compared with Class I subjects (P < .05) and in hyperdivergent males compared with hypodivergent males (P < .05).

Conclusions

The region distal to the second molar is the most appropriate for the insertion of extra‐alveolar mini‐screws in terms of bone thickness. Hypodivergent and Class III subjects showed greater bone thickness in the mandibular buccal shelf region.
When our hearts beat together: Cardiac synchrony as an entry point to understand dyadic co‐regulation in couples
Authors: Coutinho Joana , Pereira Alfredo , Oliveira‐Silva Patrícia , Meier Deborah , Lourenço Vladimiro , Tschacher Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

The degree to which romantic partners' autonomic responses are coordinated, represented by their pattern of physiological synchrony, seems to capture important aspects of the reciprocal influence and co‐regulation between spouses. In this study, we analyzed couple's cardiac synchrony as measured by heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). A sample of 27 couples (N = 54) performed a structured interaction task in the lab where they discussed positive and negative aspects of the relationship. During the interaction, their cardiac measures (HR and HRV) were recorded using the BIOPAC System. Additional assessment, prior to the lab interaction task, included self‐report measures of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples) and relationship satisfaction (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Synchrony computation was based on the windowed cross‐correlation of both partner's HR and HRV time series. In order to control for random synchrony, surrogate controls were created using segment‐wise shuffling. Our results confirmed the presence of cardiac synchrony during the couple's interaction when compared to surrogate testing. Specifically, we found evidence for negative (antiphase) synchrony of couple's HRV and positive (in‐phase) synchrony of HR. Further, both HRV and HR synchronies were associated with several dimensions of self‐report data. This study suggests that cardiac synchrony, particularly, the direction of the covariation in the partners' physiological time series, may have an important relational meaning in the context of marital interactions.
Viral Fundamentals: Riding the Corona Waves in India
Authors: Subramaniam Banu
Published: December 2020

In the last few decades, we have seen a steady rise in Hindu nationalism in India, culminating in a Hindu nationalist government in 2014. The BJP won again and expanded its majority in 2019. Then COVID‐19 hit! This essay explores the national and body politic in India during COVID‐19. It argues that Hindu nationalism has been mobilized and strengthened during the pandemic.
Proposed mechanism for regulation of H2O2‐induced programmed cell death in plants by binding of cytochrome c to 14‐3‐3 proteins
Authors: Elena‐Real Carlos A. , González‐Arzola Katiuska , Pérez‐Mejías Gonzalo , Díaz‐Quintana Antonio , Velázquez‐Campoy Adrián , Desvoyes Bénédicte , Gutiérrez Crisanto , De la Rosa Miguel A. , Díaz‐Moreno Irene
Published: December 2020

Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for development and homeostasis of all multicellular organisms. In human cells, the double role of extra‐mitochondrial cytochrome c in triggering apoptosis and inhibiting survival pathways is well reported. In plants, however, the specific role of cytochrome c upon release from the mitochondria remains in part veiled yet death stimuli do trigger cytochrome c translocation as well. Here, we identify an Arabidopsis thaliana 14‐3‐3ι isoform as a cytosolic cytochrome c target and inhibitor of caspase‐like activity. This finding establishes the 14‐3‐3ι protein as a relevant factor at the onset of plant H2O2‐induced PCD. The in vivo and in vitro studies herein reported reveal that the interaction between cytochrome c and 14‐3‐3ι exhibits noticeable similarities with the complex formed by their human orthologues. Further analysis of the heterologous complexes between human and plant cytochrome c with plant 14‐3‐3ι and human 14‐3‐3ε isoforms corroborated common features. These results suggest that cytochrome c blocks p14‐3‐3ι so as to inhibit caspase‐like proteases, which in turn promote cell death upon H2O2 treatment. Besides establishing common biochemical features between human and plant PCD, this work sheds light onto the signaling networks of plant cell death.
Particle Image Velocimetry in a High-Pressure Turbine Stage at Aerodynamically Engine Representative Conditions
Authors: Inman Daniel , Cuadrado David G. , Andreoli Valeria , Fisher Jordan , Paniagua Guillermo , Aye-Addo Papa Aye N. , Bhatnagar Lakshya , Lozano Francisco , Meyer Terrence , Bloxham Matthew
Published: December 2020

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a well-established technique for determining the flow direction and velocity magnitude of complex flows. This paper presents a methodology for executing this nonintrusive measurement technique to study a scaled-up turbine vane geometry within an annular cascade at engine-relevant conditions. Custom optical tools such as laser delivery probes and imaging inserts were manufactured to mitigate the difficult optical access of the test section and perform planar PIV. With the use of a burst-mode Nd: YAG laser and Photron FASTCAM camera, the frame straddling technique is implemented to enable short time intervals for the collection of image pairs and velocity fields at 10 kHz. Furthermore, custom image processing tools were developed to optimize the contrast and intensity balance of each image pair to maximize particle number and uniformity while removing scattering and background noise. The preprocessing strategies significantly improve the vector yield under challenging alignment, seeding, and illumination conditions. With the optical and software tools developed, planar PIV was conducted in the passage of a high-pressure stator row, at midspan, in an annular cascade. Different Mach and Reynolds number operating conditions were achieved by modifying the temperature and mass flow. With careful spatial calibration, the resultant velocity vector fields are compared with Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of the vane passage with the same geometry and flow conditions. Uncertainty analysis of the experimental results is also presented and discussed, along with prospects for further improvements.
The Dynamic Model of Redundant Tetrahedron Based Variable Geometry Truss Manipulators Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
Authors: Xu Li Ju , Wu Jiang
Published: December 2020

In this paper the dynamic model of redundant tetrahedron based variable geometry truss manipulators are investigated based on fuzzy neural network. The dynamic model system is divided into three subsystems. The inertial matrix, centrifugal and Coriolis matrix, gravity matrix are trained respectively by using three fuzzy network models, and then the solutions to inverse dynamic model problem can be obtained. Finally, the simulation calculation of dynamics for a four celled tetrahedron-tetrahedron variable geometry truss manipulator is given for illustration.
An Improved Damped Least-Squares Acceleration Control Algorithm for Redundant Mechanisms
Authors: O’Neil Kevin A.
Published: December 2020

Damped least-squares acceleration control is a well-known algorithm for robotic control that is intended to be robust in the presence of singularities. When applied to a redundant mechanism, this algorithm can perform poorly in the vicinity of kinematic singularities. In this paper small, short-duration accelerations in the nullspace of the Jacobian of the mechanism are used to improve the performance of the controller. These improvements are verified in simulations of a simple three-link planar arm moving near and through singular postures.
Optimum Synthesis of Slider-Rocker Planar Mechanism for Two Prescribed Positions
Authors: Simionescu Petru-Aurelian , Beale David G.
Published: December 2020

The planar slider-rocker mechanism is synthesized for two exact positions for the condition of maximum motion transmission efficiency. Particular advantageous configurations are identified, which render this mechanism suitable for generation of large swinging amplitudes of the output member. Also a new method of representing graphically objective functions of more than two variables is proposed.
Application of Spatial and Fourier Transforms to the Synthesis of Path Generation Mechanisms
Authors: Wandling George R. , Flugrad Donald R. , Qamhiyah Abir
Published: December 2020

This work presents an approach for the invariant characterization, storage and search of planar path generation mechanisms. Spatial transformations and Fourier descriptors are used to characterize the path of four-bar planar mechanisms. The invariant characteristic information is then stored in a database. The resulting characteristic information for the path is invariant under rigid transformations — translation, rotation and scaling. Solution comparison and matching techniques are discussed and implemented to evaluate the deviation of a desired path to candidate paths stored in a database.

A description of each method and the relative performance of file development and search methods are generated for four-bar mechanisms. Each method may be applied to any path generation planar mechanisms since the output path is characterized and stored in a database for solution comparison. The specific type of mechanism that generates the path is not necessarily required for identification of candidate solutions. A database of 7,845 candidate path solutions is developed to evaluate each method. The database of path solutions and related mechanism definitions are based on crank-rocker, four bar mechanism solutions developed by Hrones and Nelson (1951).
Double Points and Unstable Configurations of Watt-I and Watt-II Mechanisms
Authors: Pan C. A. , Kohli D. , Dhingra A. K.
Published: December 2020

Double points are conjugate configurations in mechanisms, with multiple closed-loops, when both input and output links are fixed in the same position and some passive joints can be located in two different configurations. Unstable configurations, on other hand, are positions where a mechanism loses controllability and gains at least one unwanted DOF instantaneously. The analytical condition for the occurrence of double point is the same as the occurrence of an unstable configuration, i.e., two roots of input-output displacement polynomial are equal. This paper addresses the determination of double points and unstable configurations of six-link Watt-I and Watt-II mechanisms. The double points are determined by using the loop-closure equations for two branches and successively eliminating intermediate joint variables using closed-form techniques. Further, extraneous roots from algebraic manipulations are eliminated using a new technique of two-branch equation substitution. The unstable configuration polynomial is derived by (i) successively eliminating intermediate variables from loop-closure equations to obtain the input-output displacement polynomial, (ii) equating the polynomial discriminant to zero to obtain a polynomial which contains both unstable configurations and double points, and (iii) eliminating extraneous roots from algebraic manipulations and double points from this composite polynomial to determine the unstable configurations. The computational procedure is illustrated through numerical examples.
Fabrication of a Robotic Hand Using Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Won Jey , DeLaurentis Kathryn J. , Mavroidis Constantinos
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the application of Rapid Prototyping in the fabrication of a robotic hand is presented. Using the Selective Laser Sintering Sinterstation 2000 of DTM Corporation of Austin, TX, prototypes of mechanical joints were fabricated experimentally. The designs of these component joints were then used to fabricate the articulated structure of one four degree of freedom finger of a five-fingered robotic hand. This robotic finger and joints have been fabricated in one step, without requiring assembly while maintaining their desired mobility.
Arsenate-Induced Changes in Bacterial Metabolite and Lipid Pools during Phosphate Stress
Authors: Zhuang Weiping , Balasubramanian Narayanaganesh , Wang Lu , Wang Qian , McDermott Timothy R. , Copié Valérie , Wang Gejiao , Bothner Brian
Published: December 2020

Arsenic is widespread in the environment and is one of the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Parodoxically, the growth of certain bacteria is enhanced by arsenic when phosphate is limited.
Supplemental Material: Laurentide ice sheet thinning and erosive regimes at Mount Washington, New Hampshire, inferred from multiple cosmogenic nuclides
Authors: Koester Alexandria J. , al. et
Published: December 2020

Mount Washington cosmogenic nuclide data and modeled ice sheet profile
Effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on cardiometabolic health in older men with osteosarcopenia: the randomised controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Kohl Matthias , von Stengel Simon , Schoene Daniel
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Sarcopenia is related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk-factors (CRF). Most exercise trials apply aerobic rather than resistance exercise to address CRF, while the strategy for maintaining muscle and bone is the opposite. However, there is considerable evidence that resistance exercise positively affects CRF. In the present study, we determined the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise training (HIT-RT) on CRF represented by the MetS in older men.

Methods

Forty-three osteosarcopenic and predominately obese older men (>72 years) living independently in Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany were randomly assigned to two study arms. The HIT-RT group (n=21) conducted a periodised high intensity/effort protocol dedicated to muscle and bone mass and function two times per week, while the control group (CG: n=22) maintained their habitual physical activities. Both groups were supplemented with protein, cholecalciferol and calcium. Study outcomes presented here were the MetS-Z (MetSZ) score and its underlying risk-factors.

Results

After 18 months of intervention, we observed significant effects for the MetSZ score (p<0.001), with significant improvements in the HIT-RT and significant worsening in the CG. In detail, all parameters constituting the MetS contributed to this result, however, only waist-circumference, HDL-cholesterol and mean arterial blood pressure revealed significant effects. No adverse events were reported and high adherence was determined for the HIT-RT-protocol.

Conclusion

Continuously supervised HIT-RT is an effective, attractive, feasible and safe method to address cardiometabolic risk factors in community-dwelling men aged 72 years and older. Further, considering the proven effects on musculoskeletal risk factors, the present results indicate a more prominent role for HIT-RT within non-pharmacological prevention strategies of older adults.

Trial registration number

NCT03453463.
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wu Guixin , Liu Jie , Wang Shuiyun , Yu Shiqin , Zhang Ce , Wang Dong , Zhang Mo , Yang Yaoyao , Kang Lianming , Zhao Shihua , Hui Rutai , Zou Yubao , Wang Jizheng , Song Lei
Published: December 2020

Objective

Elevated levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated with heart failure-related death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the relationship between NT-proBNP level and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in HCM remains undefined.

Methods

The study prospectively enrolled 977 unrelated patients with HCM with available NT-proBNP results who were prospectively enrolled and followed for 3.0±2.1 years. The Harrell’s C-statistic under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate discrimination performance. A combination model was constructed by adding NT-proBNP tertiles to the HCM Risk-SCD model. The correlation between log NT-proBNP level and cardiac fibrosis as measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) or Masson’s staining was analysed.

Results

During follow-up, 29 patients had SCD. Increased log NT-proBNP levels were associated with an increased risk of SCD events (adjusted HR 22.27, 95% CI 10.93 to 65.63, p<0.001). The C-statistic of NT-proBNP in predicting SCD events was 0.80 (p<0.001). The combined model significantly improved the predictive efficiency of the HCM Risk-SCD model from 0.72 to 0.81 (p<0.05), with a relative integrated discrimination improvement of 0.002 (p<0.001) and net reclassification improvement of 0.67 (p<0.001). Furthermore, log NT-proBNP levels were significantly correlated with cardiac fibrosis as detected either by LGE (r=0.257, p<0.001) or by Masson’s trichrome staining in the myocardium (r=0.198, p<0.05).

Conclusion

NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of SCD in patients with HCM and may help with risk stratification of this disease.
Pacing-associated cardiomyopathy in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Moore Benjamin M , Medi Caroline , McGuire Mark A , Celermajer David S , Cordina Rachael L
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Long-term single-site ventricular pacing may adversely affect ventricular function, due to dyssynchronous systemic ventricular contraction. We sought to determine the incidence, predictors and outcomes of pacing-associated cardiomyopathy (PACM) in an adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cohort.

Methods

We retrospectively identified all patients in our database with a permanent pacemaker from 2000 to 2019. Patients were followed for the primary endpoint of unexplained decline in systemic ventricular function (PACM) and the secondary endpoint of heart failure admission.

Results

Of 2073 patients in our database, 106 had undergone pacemaker implantation. Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 25 patients (24%) developed PACM, but only in those with ventricular pacing percentage (VP%) ≥70%; PACM occurred in 0% of those with VP <70% and 47% of those with VP ≥70% (p<0.001). High-burden ventricular pacing (≥70%) remained predictive of PACM in transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot and complex biventricular repair subgroups, but not in Fontan patients. Those with PACM were more likely to be admitted with heart failure (44% vs 15%, p=0.002). Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) upgrade was performed in 11 patients, with 9 responders (82%).

Conclusions

In a cohort of patients with ACHD followed long-term post-pacing, 24% developed cardiomyopathy that was significantly associated with a higher burden of ventricular pacing (VP ≥70%). Given promising response rates to CRT, patients with ACHD expected to pace in the ventricle should be closely monitored for systemic ventricular decline.
An effective field theory approach for electroweak interactions in the high energy limit
Authors: Gómez Bock Melina , Hentschinski Martin , Sabio Vera Agustín
Published: December 2020

We present an effective action for the electroweak sector of the standard model valid for the calculation of scattering amplitudes in the high energy (Regge) limit. Gauge invariant Wilson lines are introduced to describe reggeized degrees of freedom whose interactions are generated by effective emission vertices. From this approach previous results at leading logarithmic accuracy for electroweak boson Regge trajectories are reproduced together with the corresponding interaction kernels. The proposed framework lays the path for calculations at higher orders in perturbation theory.
No lockdown policy for COVID-19 epidemic in Bangladesh: Good, bad or ugly?
Authors: Arifuzzaman M. , Siam Zakaria Shams , Rashid Md. Harunur , Islam Md. Shariful
Published: December 2020

Bangladesh has been combating the COVID-19 pandemic with limited financial resources and poor health infrastructure since March, 2020. Although the government has imposed several restricted measures to curb the progression of the outbreak, these arrays of measures are not sustainable in the long run. In this paper, we use a data-driven forecasting model considering susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and deaths status through time to assess the impact of lift of flexible lockdown on the COVID-19 dynamics in Bangladesh. Our analysis demonstrates that the country might experience second infection peak in six to seven months after the withdrawal of current lockdown. Moreover, a prolonged restrictions until January, 2021 will shift the infection peak towards August, 2021 and reduce approximately 20% COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.
Answer to a question of Rosłanowski and Shelah
Authors: Poór Márk
Published: December 2020

Rosłanowski and Shelah [Small-large subgroups of the reals, Math. Slov. 68(3) (2018) 473–484] asked whether every locally compact non-discrete group has a null but non-meager subgroup, and conversely, whether it is consistent with [Formula: see text] that in every locally compact group a meager subgroup is always null. They gave affirmative answers for both questions in the case of the Cantor group and the reals. In this paper, we give affirmative answers for the general case.
Nonlocal U(1)-invariant nonlinear Schrödinger system from geometric non-stretching curve flow in G2/SO(4)
Authors: Asadi Esmaeel
Published: December 2020

A new [Formula: see text]-invariant nonlocal coupled nonlinear Schrödinger type system consists of a real scalar and two different complex variables as well as its equivalent imaginary quaternionic–complex version is obtained from geometric non-stretching curve flows in the quaternionic–Kähler symmetric space [Formula: see text]. The derivation uses Hasimoto variables imposed by a parallel moving frame along the curve. The pseudo-differential bi-Hamiltonian and recursion operators as well as geometric curve evolution from soldering relations of the corresponding curvature and torsion are explicitly computed. The Lax pair for the system is derived by revisiting Drinfeld–Sokolov construction.
Precaution Measures for the Safety of the Personnel in the Surgical Wards during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karampelias Vasileios , Spanidis Ypatios , Roussakou Elpida , Zografos Constantinos D. , Chrysikos Dimosthenis
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease-19 has affected million of people worldwide, constituting the biggest social, economic, and health crisis since World War 2. During this pandemic, the hospitals have become hot zones for the treatment of patients. Therefore, it is important to take the appropriate protective measures and ensure the physician’s health and, especially, those who work in the intensive care units and in operating rooms. In this letter, we are trying to make a discussion regarding the measures that should be considered by the healthcare workers who are facing this invisible enemy during their effort to provide their services in the surgery rooms.
Evaluation of Quality of Life among Dental Professionals by Using the WHOQOL-BREF Instrument in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrayes Nabras , Alshammary Hend , Alamoudi Marwah , Alfardan Banin , Alhareky Muhanad , Nazir Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of dental professionals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods. This cross-sectional study recruited dental professionals (general dentists, specialists, and consultants) from public and private sectors in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The World Health Organization’s QOL Assessment-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was administered among study participants. The questionnaire addresses four domains of QOL which are physical, psychological, social relationships, and environment. Results. There were 313 dental professionals in the study with a mean age of 35.72 (8.58) years. The mean score of QOL in the sample was 63 (13.9) on a 0–100 scale. 75% of the participants rated their QOL as good or very good. Of four domains, the social relationship domain had the highest mean score of QOL (67.04 SD: 23.52) and the physical domain had the lowest score (59.66 SD: 14.69). There were significant differences in the QOL of consultants (66.46 SD: 12.55), specialists (65.42 SD: 12.91), and general dentists (61.06 SD: 14.18)

P
 
0.010

. The participants with medical illness had significantly lower QOL (56.91 SD: 12.83) than those without medical illness (63.67 SD: 13.92)

P
 
0.01

. There were significant differences in the QOL of participants with 0–10 years since graduation (61.97 SD: 14.71), 11–20 years (61.92 SD: 13.56), and more than 20 years (68.53 SD: 10.71)

P
 
0.009

. Conclusion. The qualifications, medical illness, and years since graduation were important determinants of QOL among dental professionals. Measures should be taken to improve QOL of dental professionals which can enhance the quality of patient care.
Gastrospheres as a Model of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells Skew Th17/Treg Balance toward Antitumor Th17 Cells
Authors: Rezalotfi Alaleh , Solgi Ghasem , Ebrahimi Marzieh
Published: December 2020

Background. Gastrosphere, an enriched cellular population with stem-like properties believed to be responsible for an escape from immune-mediated destruction. Th17 and Treg cells play a major role in gastric cancer; however, their interaction with gastrospheres remained elusive. Method. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors and were cultured with conditioned media of MKN-45 (parental) cells as well as gastrospheres’ conditioned media in the context of mixed lymphocyte reaction and in the presence of anti-CD3/CD28 beads. The proliferation was evaluated using CFSE staining; the percentages of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg and CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells and IFN-γ+cells and the production of IL-17, TGF-β, and IL-10 were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Finally, the cytotoxic potential of induced immune cells was measured by examining the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase from target cells. Results. The results revealed a decreased expansion of PBMCs postexposure to gastrospheres’ conditioned medium which was concomitant with an increased percentage of Th17 and an enhanced Th17 to Treg ratio. The conditioned media of gastrospheres enhanced the secretion of IL-10 and IL-17 and decreased TGF-β. Interestingly, immune cells induced by gastrospheres showed significant cytotoxicity in terms of producing IFN-γ and death induction in target cells. All these changes were related to the upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-22 in gastrospheres compared to parental cells. Conclusion. Our study showed that the condition media of gastrospheres can potentially induce Th17 with increasing in their cytotoxic effect. Based on our knowledge, the present study is the first study that emphasizes the role of gastrospheres in the induction of antitumor Th17 cells. However, it should be confirmed with complementary studies in vivo.
A Quadratic Interpolation-Based Variational Bayesian Algorithm for Measurement Information Lost in Underwater Navigation
Authors: Yang Yuan , Tang Jiacheng , Huang Haoqian , Zhang Xiaoguo , Zhang Tingting , Kuang Yujin
Published: December 2020

The main challenges of sequential estimations of underwater navigation applications are the internal/external measurement noise and the missing measurement situations. A quadratic interpolation-based variational Bayesian filter (QIVBF) is proposed to solve the underwater navigation problem of measurement information missing or insufficiency. The quadratic interpolation is used to improve the observed vector for the precision and stability of sequential estimations when the environment is changed or the measurement information is lost. The state vector, the predicted error covariance matrix, and the measurement noise matrix are derived based on the variational Bayesian method. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed QIVBF compared with the traditional algorithm under the condition of measurement information lost by autonomous underwater vehicles.
Failure Mechanism and Control Technology for a Large-Section Roadway under Weakly Cemented Formation Condition
Authors: Yin Jiadi , Fu Baojie , Zhang Hualei
Published: December 2020

The roof of a large-section roadway will usually undergo progressive deformation and failure under the action of deep surrounding rock stress. The large-section rectangular roadway is more prone to sudden roof caving accident under the weakly cemented formation condition, which poses great threats to operating personnel and mechanical equipment and brings about considerable difficulties to roof monitoring and evaluation. A large-scale caving accident that occurred on a large-section rectangular roadway in Bojianghaizi Mine in Inner Mongolia was taken as the study object. The factors that triggered the roadway roof caving were analyzed by investigating the roof caving mechanism of weakly cemented overlying strata, and an effective roof supporting method was proposed. A numerical mechanical analysis model was established for surrounding rocks of the roadway by using the discrete element method, and numerical simulation results showed that obvious vertical cracks would be generated at two ends of the roof under the action of shearing stress. With upward crack propagation and transverse crack penetration at the roof separation, a dangerous caving zone penetrated by cracks formed inside the roof. The permeation of the upper aquifer would reduce the rock strata strength at the roof and further aggravate the risk of roadway caving. In accordance with the numerical simulation and comprehensive analysis of field exploration data, the main reasons for the roadway caving accident were concluded as follows: (1) low rock strata strength at the roof and the influence of tectonic stress in deep surrounding rocks, (2) unreasonable original support pattern, and (3) permeation of the upper aquifer. On this basis, an improved support scheme was proposed, and field monitoring data showed that the maximum separation amount of the roof was controlled at 14 mm, and the roof deformation was well controlled, thus meeting the safety production requirements. The proposed method can provide a reference for the control of weak roadway roof and its support scheme design.
Endoscopic Double-Pigtail Catheter (EDPC) Internal Drainage as First-Line Treatment of Gastric Leak: A Case Series during Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Learning Curve for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Lazzarin Gianni , Di Furia Marino , Romano Lucia , Di Sibio Alessandra , Di Giacomo Carla , Lombardi Loreto , Giuliani Antonio , Schietroma Mario , Pessia Beatrice , Carlei Francesco , Marchese Michele
Published: December 2020

Objectives. The prevalence of morbid obesity has dramatically increased over the last several decades worldwide, currently reaching epidemic proportions. Gastric leak (GL) remains the potentially fatal main complication after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for morbid obesity. To our knowledge, there are no standardized guidelines for GL treatment after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) yet. The aim of this study was to represent our institutional preliminary experience using the endoscopic double-pigtail catheter (EDPC) as the method of internal drainage and propose it as first-line treatment in case of GL after LSG. Methods. One hundred and seventeen patients were admitted to our surgical department and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for morbid obesity from March 2014 to June 2019. In 5 patients (4.3%) of our series, GL occurred as a complication of LSG. EPDC was the stand-alone procedure of internal drainage and GL first-line treatment. The internal pig tail was endoscopically removed from 30th to 40th POD in all cases. Results. Present data (clinical, biochemical, and instrumental tests) showed a complete resolution of GL, with promotion of a pseudodiverticula and complete re-epithelialization of leak. Follow-up was more strict than usual (clinical visit and biochemical test on 7th, 14th, and 21st day after discharge; a CT scan with gastrografin on 30th day from discharge if clinical visit and exams were normal). Conclusion. This was a preliminary retrospective observational study, conducted on 5 patients affected by GL as a complication of LSG for morbid obesity. EDPC maintains the safety, efficacy, and nonexpensive characteristic and may be proposed as better first-line treatment in case of GL after bariatric surgery.
Intelligence Is beyond Learning: A Context-Aware Artificial Intelligent System for Video Understanding
Authors: Ghozia Ahmed , Attiya Gamal , Adly Emad , El-Fishawy Nawal
Published: December 2020

Understanding video files is a challenging task. While the current video understanding techniques rely on deep learning, the obtained results suffer from a lack of real trustful meaning. Deep learning recognizes patterns from big data, leading to deep feature abstraction, not deep understanding. Deep learning tries to understand multimedia production by analyzing its content. We cannot understand the semantics of a multimedia file by analyzing its content only. Events occurring in a scene earn their meanings from the context containing them. A screaming kid could be scared of a threat or surprised by a lovely gift or just playing in the backyard. Artificial intelligence is a heterogeneous process that goes beyond learning. In this article, we discuss the heterogeneity of AI as a process that includes innate knowledge, approximations, and context awareness. We present a context-aware video understanding technique that makes the machine intelligent enough to understand the message behind the video stream. The main purpose is to understand the video stream by extracting real meaningful concepts, emotions, temporal data, and spatial data from the video context. The diffusion of heterogeneous data patterns from the video context leads to accurate decision-making about the video message and outperforms systems that rely on deep learning. Objective and subjective comparisons prove the accuracy of the concepts extracted by the proposed context-aware technique in comparison with the current deep learning video understanding techniques. Both systems are compared in terms of retrieval time, computing time, data size consumption, and complexity analysis. Comparisons show a significant efficient resource usage of the proposed context-aware system, which makes it a suitable solution for real-time scenarios. Moreover, we discuss the pros and cons of deep learning architectures.
Prototype Experimental Investigation of the Failure Mechanism and Crack Propagation of Segment Lining for Staggered Jointed Assembly
Authors: Cao Songyu , Feng Kun , Liu Xun , Xiao Mingqing , He Chuan , Li Ce
Published: December 2020

In order to ascertain the failure characteristics of a segment structure with distributed mortises and tenons, one should be aware of the rules of key parameters and the development of cracks during the failure process. In this paper, based on the Foguan‐Guangcheng Intercity Railway Tunnel Project, a prototype test of the structure of a segment with a staggered joint assembly was performed to study the local mechanical characteristics of the segment lining of the vault. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The failure process in the test was classified as large eccentric compression failure, and the bearing capacity limit was M = 1993 kN m. (2) The overall displacement distribution of the segment structure was funnel‐shaped, and the failure process was divided into three stages, that is, the elastic stage, the elastoplastic stage, and the plastic stage. Thus, it is recommended that the index of the single‐point displacement limit of this tunnel be reduced appropriately to be between 1.5 and 1.8%. (3) The change rule of the longitudinal joint opening of the segment can be divided into three stages, that is, slow increase, accelerated increase, and sharp increase. For normal use, the limit of the opening of the longitudinal joint is set at 3 mm. (4) The width of the structural crack and the vertical displacement of the control section can be used as the safety evaluation index of this project. When either a large increase in the width of the crack occurs or the displacement specified above is reached, it can be considered that the structure is about to fail, and immediate protective measures must be taken.
Probiotic Potential, Iron and Zinc Bioaccessibility, and Sensory Quality of Uapaca kirkiana Fruit Jam Fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Yoba
Authors: Chawafambira Armistice , Sedibe Moosa Mahmood , Mpofu Augustine , Achilonu Matthew
Published: December 2020

Uapaca kirkiana is an underutilised indigenous fruit tree (IFT) found in the miombo ecological zone in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, sub-Saharan Africa is home to many nutritionally insecure people who suffer from micronutrient deficiency. The incorporation of probiotic strains in jams as a possible way of enhancing mineral accessibility, food quality, and health is limited in Africa. This study monitored the probiotic potential, bioaccessible iron and zinc, and organoleptic properties of U. kirkiana fruit jam fermented with L. rhamnosus yoba. U. kirkiana fruits were collected from semiarid rural areas of Zimbabwe. The L. rhamnosus yoba strain was obtained from the Yoba for Life Foundation, Netherlands. Mineral and biochemical properties of the probiotic jam were analysed using AOAC standard methods. The U. kirkiana fruit tree was ranked first as a food resource by most rural populations in Zimbabwe. The probiotic jam formulation had 55% (wt/vol) U. kirkiana fruit pulp, 43% (wt/vol) sugar, 1.25% (wt/vol) pectin, 0.5% (wt/vol) citric acid, and 0.25% (wt/vol) L. rhamnosus yoba strain. The probiotic jam had6.2±0.2log CFU/mL viable L. rhamnosus yoba cells. Iron and zinc content (mg/100 g w.b.) was4.13±0.22and0.68±0.02with pH3.45±0.11, respectively. Nutrient content was g/100 g w.b., carbohydrate66±4.1, fat0.1±0.01, crude protein0.2±0.01, ash0.7±0.02, and crude fiber0.3±0.01. Bioaccessible iron and zinc were6.55±0.36%and16.1±0.50%and increased by 4% and 2% in the probiotic jam, respectively. Mineral bioaccessibility and nutrient content were significantly different (p<0.05) in jam with 0.25% L. rhamnosus yoba. Jam acceptance rating was 83%. The probiotic jam can be used as a sustainable food containing probiotic with potential nutritional and health benefits.
Enhance the Light Extraction Efficiency of QLED with Surface Micro-Nanostructure
Authors: Liu Zilei , Li Feng , Huang Gaoxiang , Wei Jiahu , Jiang Guangyu , Huang Yan
Published: December 2020

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are usually a flat multilayer structure. The luminous efficiency of QLEDs is limited because the light extraction is constrained owing to the substrate mode at the air/substrate interface, the waveguide mode at the conductive glass/organic interface, and the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along the metal/organic interface. To improve the light extraction for the luminous efficiency of QLEDs, light transmission through the QLEDs coupled with three different surface micro-nanostructures is simulated by using a ray-tracing method. Furthermore, QLEDs (red, green, and blue emission) coupled with micro-nanostructures are also fabricated to investigate the influence of the micro-nanostructures on the luminous efficiency. Our simulation results show that more light escapes from the QLEDs coupled with surface micro-nanostructures than the control devices without micro-nanostructures. Our experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. By coupling with surface micro-nanostructures, the luminous efficiencies of the devices exhibited great improvement, and the EQE of R/G/B trichromatic reached 17.3%, 2.81%, and 10%, respectively, which are about 1~2 times higher than those of the control devices without any surface structure. Our results should make a contribution to building a strategy for improving the luminous efficiency of QLEDs.