bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystal by Carbon Nanotube Sheets on Substrates with Hexamethyldisilazane and Silicon Dioxide Co‐Adjuvant Layers
Authors: Park Ji Hyun , Truong Thuy‐Kieu , Rahman MD Asiqur , Urbanski Martin , Agha Hakam , Suh Dongseok , Scalia Giusy
Published: April 2019

Liquid crystal needs alignment layers for achieving a monodomain in which there is one specific orientational direction in a region as large as the aligning surface. The process is easy and well controlled but still needs care for avoiding contaminations that can spoil the alignment. Carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets are an attractive alternative for obtaining alignment of liquid crystal along one direction, which is the nanotube orientation. The degree of alignment of the tubes is however not as high as desirable and some tubes protrude from the common orientation direction, deteriorating the alignment and electro‐optic performance of the liquid crystal. The realization of cells based on aligned CNTs in sheets in which the liquid crystal is uniformly and unidirectionally aligned are presented here. For realizing the substrates for the cells it was needed to improve the adhesion of the sheets on the glass surfaces with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and ethanol treatment, and the flatness by using a silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating. The order parameterSof these CNTs is measured by anisotropic absorption giving a value comparable to the one typical of nematic liquid crystal.
A Nickel‐Based Pectin Metal‐Organic Framework as a Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Catalyst for Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Kadirov Marsil K. , Minzanova Salima T. , Nizameev Irek R. , Khrizanforov Mikhail N. , Mironova Lyubov G. , Kholin Kirill V. , Kadirov Danis M. , Nefed‘ev Eugene S. , Morozov Mikhail V. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Budnikova Yulia H. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: April 2019

Environmentally friendly non‐PGM (platinum group metal) anode catalyst made of nickel pectate, the biological raw material, was developed and tested in proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). 5.2 mA cm‐2 and 1.5 mW cm‐2, the maximum current density and the maximum power density of the developed catalyst, respectively, correspond to sufficiently high values of these characteristics for PEMFC with an anode without a PGM catalyst and a cathode with a platinum one.
A Green Approach for the Synthesis of Coconut Husk Ash –Twisted Graphene Nanocomposites: Novel Catalysts for Solvent‐Free Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Narayanan Divya P , Balasubramanyan Sowmya , Cherikkallinmel Sudha Kochiyil , Vadery Vinu , Sankaran Sugunan , Narayanan Binitha N
Published: April 2019

Herein we report an easy, scalable, cost‐effective and green synthesis of twisted graphene from bulk graphite by a ball milling technique with the in situ formation of novel coconut husk ash (CHA) ‐ twisted graphene nanocomposite and its catalytic application towards multicomponent Biginelli reaction. Here the ash derived from naturally available waste material (coconut husk) is effectively used as an exfoliating agent for the scissoring of graphene layers from bulk graphite for the first time. The elemental analysis data obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) provided useful information regarding the composition of CHA and the nanocomposites. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the exfoliation of graphite into graphene layers. Raman spectroscopic analysis evaluated the quality and the nature of graphene layers in the composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the bonding between the graphene layers and CHA particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the presence of few layered graphene as well as twisted graphene in the composites. The CHA – twisted graphene nanocomposite is found to be an excellent reusable catalyst for Biginelli reaction with a higher yield of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones within short duration of reaction.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel‐Cell‐Based Amperometric H2 Sensor with Pulsed Electrodeposited Electrodes Prepared Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Erusappan Jayanthi , Nachimuthu Murugesan , Cheruvary Ramesh
Published: April 2019

A fuel cell based amperometric H2 sensor with pulsed electrodeposited electrodes has been developed and tested for its performance. Nafion, a commercial proton exchange membrane was used as electrolyte in the sensor. Platinum (Pt) deposited gas diffusion electrode (GDE) based sensing and counter electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition and pulsed electrodeposition methods using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid electrolyte. Prior to the electrodeposition, the electrodeposition behaviour of Pt on GDE was studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. The deposition potential of Pt was obtained from cyclic voltammogram. The nucleation and growth behaviour of Pt were examined by chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. Electrodeposition and pulsed electrodeposition of Pt on GDE were carried out under the optimized conditions. The prepared electrodes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and gracing incidence X‐ray diffraction. In order to compare the sensor performance, Nafion based amperometric hydrogen sensors were made with both electrodeposited and pulsed electrodeposited Pt on GDE electrodes. The assembled amperometric H2 sensors were tested in the dynamic range of 1–4% of H2/Ar. Pulsed electrodeposited Pt on GDE sensor showed higher sensitivity and better response time than the electrodeposited Pt on GDE sensor.
Investigation of the Chemistry for the Host Sol‐Gel Glass via the Energy Transfer Fluorescence of Encapsulated Organic‐Tb(III) Complexes
Authors: Zaitoun Mohammed A.
Published: April 2019

Fluorescence of organo‐terbium complexes have been investigated as a function of the matrix composition using two sol‐gel derived hosts: (a) matrix 1, an alkoxysilane Si (OR)4, where all the coordinated OR groups associated with silicon hydrolyze in water and (b) matrix 2 with an organoalkoxysilane, R’‐ Si (OR)3 which consists of organic R’ groups that don't hydrolyze. The synthesized organo‐Tb(III) complexes, namely: Tb(III) dithiocarbamate‐Tb(L1)3B [L1=(R)2NCS2B, R=C2H5 and B=1,10‐phenanthroline] and Tb(III) complex with the polytonic ligand L2=N’, N’2‐bis[(1E)‐1‐2‐(pyridyl)ethylidine]ethanedihydrazide Tb2‐L2‐(CH3COO)2; L2=C16H16 N6O2) were in situ encapsulated in the sol‐gel glass hosts matrices, 1 and 2. Tb luminescence was shown to depend largely on (i) the ligand surrounding Tb ions, and (ii) chemistry or nature of the sol‐gel host matrix.
On‐Chip Rolling Design for Controllable Strain Engineering and Enhanced Photon–Phonon Interaction in Graphene
Authors: Wang Lu , Tian Ziao , Zhang Biran , Xu Borui , Wang Tianbo , Wang Yang , Li Shilong , Di Zengfeng , Mei YongFeng
Published: April 2019

On‐chip strain engineering is highly demanded in 2D materials as an effective route for tuning their extraordinary properties and integrating consistent functionalities toward various applications. Herein, rolling technique is proposed for strain engineering in monolayer graphene grown on a germanium substrate, where compressive or tensile strain could be acquired, depending on the designed layer stressors. Unusual compressive strains up to 0.30% are achieved in the rolled‐up graphene tubular structures. The subsequent phonon hardening under compressive loading is observed through strain‐induced Raman G band splitting, while distinct blueshifts of characteristic peaks (G+, G−, or 2D) can be well regulated on an asymmetric tubular structure with a strain variation. In addition, due to the strong confinement of the local electromagnetic field under 3D tubular geometry, the photon–phonon interaction is highly strengthened, and thus, the Raman scattering of graphene in rolled‐up tubes is enhanced. Such an on‐chip rolling approach leads to a superior strain tuning method in 2D materials and could improve their light–matter interaction in a tubular configuration, which may hold great capability in 2D materials integration for on‐chip applications such as in mechanics, electronics, and photonics.
High Volumetric and Gravimetric Capacity Electrodeposited Mesostructured Sb2O3 Sodium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Kim Sanghyeon , Qu Subing , Zhang Runyu , Braun Paul V.
Published: April 2019

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising alternatives to lithium ion batteries for grid‐scale and other energy storage applications because of the broad geographical distribution and low cost of sodium relative to lithium. Here, fabrication and characterization of high gravimetric and volumetric capacity 3D Ni‐supported Sb2O3 anodes for SIBs are presented. The electrodes are prepared by colloidal templating and pulsed electrodeposition followed by heat treatment. The colloidal template is optimized to provide large pore interconnects in the 3D scaffold to enable a high active materials loading and accommodate a large volume expansion during cycling. An electrodeposited loading of 1.1 g cm−3 is chosen to enable a combined high gravimetric and volumetric capacity. At this loading, the electrodes exhibit a specific capacity of ≈445 mA h g−1 and a volumetric capacity of ≈488 mA h cm−3 with a capacity retention of 89% after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1. The stable cycling performance can be attributed to the 3D metal scaffold, which supports active materials undergoing large volume changes, and an initial heat treatment appears to improve the adhesion of the Sb2O3 to the metal scaffold.
Aptamer‐Engineered Natural Killer Cells for Cell‐Specific Adaptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Shuanghui , Wen Jianguo , Li Huan , Xu Ling , Liu Yanting , Zhao Nianxi , Zeng Zihua , Qi Jianjun , Jiang Wenqi , Han Wei , Zu Youli
Published: April 2019

Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system as they can attack cancer cells without prior sensitization. However, due to lack of cell‐specific receptors, NK cells are not innately able to perform targeted cancer immunotherapy. Aptamers are short single‐stranded oligonucleotides that specifically recognize their targets with high affinity in a similar manner to antibodies. To render NK cells with target‐specificity, synthetic CD30‐specific aptamers are anchored on cell surfaces to produce aptamer‐engineered NK cells (ApEn‐NK) without genetic alteration or cell damage. Under surface‐anchored aptamer guidance, ApEn‐NK specifically bind to CD30‐expressing lymphoma cells but do not react to off‐target cells. The resulting specific cell binding of ApEn‐NK triggers higher apoptosis/death rates of lymphoma cells compared to parental NK cells. Additionally, experiments with primary human NK cells demonstrate the potential of ApEn‐NK to specifically target and kill lymphoma cells, thus presenting a potential new approach for targeted immunotherapy by NK cells.
Detecting Ultralow Frequency Mutation in Circulating Cell‐Free DNA of Early‐Stage Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Unique Molecular Identifiers
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Di , Wu Chunyan , Lizaso Analyn , Ye Junyi , Chuai Shannon , Ni Jian , Xu Jianfang , Jiang Gening
Published: April 2019

The performance of next generation sequencing in profiling somatic mutations from plasma samples, especially in early‐stage cancer, is limited by its sensitivity due to the extremely low amount of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). Polymerase‐chain reaction amplification of limited amounts of DNA often results in product redundancy and the amplification of contaminant DNA. Numerous methods have been developed to detect and quantify ultralow frequency mutations. In this study, the potential of tagging each DNA molecule with a unique molecular identifier (UMI) is explored to detect ultralow frequency mutations in early‐stage lung cancer patients. Paired tissue and blood samples from 32 patients with early‐stage (stage IA‐IIB) nonsmall cell lung cancer are sequenced using a panel consisting of 168 cancer‐related genes. Collectively, 93.8% of tissue samples and 59.4% of plasma samples have mutations detected. The concordance rates are acceptable for all patients except for stage IA. Notably, mutations at an alleleic frequency as low as 0.1% are detected in UMI‐tagged cfDNA samples. Moreover, patients with nonadenocarcinoma histology have a significantly higher detection rate than patients with adenocarcinoma (92.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.002). The study demonstrates the potential of UMI in early detection of lung cancer from plasma samples.
Misreporting of Government Transfers: How Important Are Survey Design and Geography?
Authors: Meyer Bruce D. , Mittag Nikolas
Published: April 2019

Recent studies linking household surveys to administrative records reveal high rates of misreporting of program receipt. We use the FoodAPS survey to examine whether the findings of these studies of general household surveys using one or two states generalize to a survey with a narrow focus and across many states. First, we study how reporting errors differ from other surveys. We find a lower rate of false negatives (failures to report true receipt) in FoodAPS, likely partly due to the shorter recall period of FoodAPS. Misreporting varies with household characteristics and between interviewers. Second, we examine geographic heterogeneity in survey error to assess whether we can extrapolate from linked data from a few states. We find systematic differences between states in unconditional error rates but no evidence of substantial differences conditional on common covariates. Thus, extrapolating error rates across states may yield more accurate receipt estimates than uncorrected survey estimates.
CE Article: Venous Doppler Ultrasound Findings 3 Months after Arm Port Implantation: Thrombosis by Port Type within a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Burbridge Brent , Bryce Rhonda
Published: April 2019

Highlights

Larger, arm port polyurethane catheters have more potential for: ○ Venous thrombosis ○ Multivessel venous thrombosis ○ Access vein occlusive thrombosis Arm port venous thrombosis is more frequent than suspected and is asymptomatic
Subclavian Vein Catheter Extravasation—Insufficient Catheter Length as a Probable Causal Factor
Authors: Spencer Timothy R.
Published: April 2019

Highlights

Correct central venous catheter length reduces extravasation-related injuries Correct length is needed for infusion of vesicant or irritant therapies in patients
Scaling-up psychological interventions in resource-poor settings: training and supervising peer volunteers to deliver the ‘Thinking Healthy Programme’ for perinatal depression in rural Pakistan
Authors: Atif N. , Nisar A. , Bibi A. , Khan S. , Zulfiqar S. , Ahmad I. , Sikander S. , Rahman A.
Published: April 2019

Background

There is a scarcity of specialist trainers and supervisors for psychosocial interventions in low- and middle-income countries. A cascaded model of training and supervision was developed to sustain delivery of an evidence-based peer-delivered intervention for perinatal depression (the Thinking Healthy Programme) in rural Pakistan. The study aimed to evaluate the model.

Methods

Mixed methods were employed as part of a randomised controlled trial of the intervention. Quantitative data consisted of the peers' competencies assessed during field training and over the implementation phase of the intervention, using a specially developed checklist. Qualitative data were collected from peers and their trainers through 11 focus groups during the second and third year of intervention rollout.

Results

Following training, 43 peers out of 45 (95%) achieved at least a ‘satisfactory’ level of competency (scores of ⩾70% on the Quality and Competency Checklist). Of the cohort of 45 peers initially recruited 34 (75%) were retained over 3 years and showed sustained or improved competencies over time. Qualitatively, the key factors contributing to peers' competency were use of interactive training and supervision techniques, the trainer–peer relationship, and their cultural similarity. The partnership with community health workers and use of primary health care facilities for training and supervision gave credibility to the peers in the community.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that lay-workers such as peers can be trained and supervised to deliver a psychological intervention using a cascaded model, thus addressing the barrier of scarcity of specialist trainers and supervisors.
School Vaccination Wars: The Rise of Anti-Science in the American Anti-Vaccination Societies, 1879–1929
Authors: Tolley Kim
Published: April 2019

Opposition to school vaccination requirements has a long history in the United States, from the early nineteenth century to today. This essay identifies three distinct phases in organized resistance to school vaccination in the United States between 1827 and 1929. This resistance was associated with a rise in anti-science discourse among leaders of the national anti-vaccination societies and occurred within the context of broader social changes and scientific discoveries during this period.
How to Write a History Textbook: The Willard–Willson Debate over History Education in the Common School Era
Authors: Knupfer Peter B.
Published: April 2019

The essay reinterprets the 1845–1847 pamphlet war between Emma Willard and Marcius Willson, authors of popular history schoolbooks. Willson publicly attacked the accuracy and literary quality of history schoolbooks by eight leading authors, with particular attention to Willard's, just as he was publishing his first school history. Willard and Willson practiced different kinds of history authorship that reflected their different backgrounds, intellectual milieus, and professional circumstances. This essay questions conventional readings of the debate and argues that their subsequent exchange over plagiarism, style, and sourcing illuminated important issues in the purposes of history education, the challenges of growing markets, and new theories of historiography. The debate showed that schoolbooks were not simply derivative “guardians of tradition,” but that they could be portals for new disciplinary theories in an age without a robust professional research infrastructure to test and filter them.
Generation of high energy laser-driven electron and proton sources with the 200 TW system VEGA 2 at the Centro de Laseres Pulsados
Authors: Volpe L. , Fedosejevs R. , Gatti G. , Pérez-Hernández J. A. , Méndez C. , Apiñaniz J. , Vaisseau X. , Salgado C. , Huault M. , Malko S. , Zeraouli G. , Ospina V. , Longman A. , De Luis D. , Li K. , Varela O. , García E. , Hernández I. , Pisonero J. D. , García Ajates J. , Alvarez J. M. , García C. , Rico M. , Arana D. , Hernández-Toro J. , Roso L.
Published: April 2019

The Centro de Laseres Pulsados in Salamanca, Spain has recently started operation phase and the first user access period on the 6 J 30 fs 200 TW system (VEGA 2) already started at the beginning of 2018. In this paper we report on two commissioning experiments recently performed on the VEGA 2 system in preparation for the user campaign. VEGA 2 system has been tested in different configurations depending on the focusing optics and targets used. One configuration (long focal length $F=130$ cm) is for underdense laser–matter interaction where VEGA 2 is focused onto a low density gas-jet generating electron beams (via laser wake field acceleration mechanism) with maximum energy up to 500 MeV and an X-ray betatron source with a 10 keV critical energy. A second configuration (short focal length $F=40$ cm) is for overdense laser–matter interaction where VEGA 2 is focused onto a $5~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ thick Al target generating a proton beam with a maximum energy of 10 MeV and temperature of 2.5 MeV. In this paper we present preliminary experimental results.
Optical diagnostics for density measurement in high-quality laser-plasma electron accelerators
Authors: Brandi Fernando , Gizzi Leonida Antonio
Published: April 2019

Implementation of laser-plasma-based acceleration stages in user-oriented facilities requires the definition and deployment of appropriate diagnostic methodologies to monitor and control the acceleration process. An overview is given here of optical diagnostics for density measurement in laser-plasma acceleration stages, with emphasis on well-established and easily implemented approaches. Diagnostics for both neutral gas and free-electron number density are considered, highlighting real-time measurement capabilities. Optical interferometry, in its various configurations, from standard two-arm to more advanced common-path designs, is discussed, along with spectroscopic techniques such as Stark broadening and Raman scattering. A critical analysis of the diagnostics presented is given concerning their implementation in laser-plasma acceleration stages for the production of high-quality GeV electron bunches.
A long-wave estimation for the damping coefficient at a flat water–water vapour interface with a phase transition
Authors: Konovalov V. V. , Lyubimova T. P.
Published: April 2019

Gravitational–capillary waves, arising in a system of thick layers of two aggregate states of a substance, are studied using the example of water and its vapour. Their initially flat interface is in hydrostatic and thermodynamic equilibrium at atmospheric pressure and the corresponding saturation temperature$100\,^{\circ }\text{C}$, provided that a balance is maintained for heat fluxes transported through immovable phases in the process of heat conduction. From the problem of linear stability for small perturbations, estimation relations for their damping coefficient and eigenfrequency shift are obtained, including the factors of viscosities of the media and phase transition. The first two contributions, proportional to the kinematic viscosity of the liquid and the square root of the kinematic viscosity of its vapour, respectively, are consistent, accurate to additionally accounted for capillary forces, with the result of Dore’s analysis, which is a development of the weakly viscous Lamb theory for ‘deep water’. Numerical calculations have shown that, with increasing wavelength, the accuracy of the proposed approximation increases, especially for the wave damping coefficient, and the contribution of the viscosity of the light phase increases in percentage terms. As for the phase transition effect, which was previously overestimated using the quasi-equilibrium approximation, it remains insignificant at the level of heat fluxes acceptable in the model of thick layers of homogeneous media. The factor of thermocapillarity is found to be very weak; it becomes qualitatively noticeable only on the background of disappearing heating. Here, together with the factor of dependence of the saturation temperature on the phase pressure, it determines a non-zero correction to the wave damping coefficient.
Addition of milk fat globule membrane-enriched supplement to a high-fat meal attenuates insulin secretion and induction of soluble epoxide hydrolase gene expression in the postprandial state in overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Beals Elizabeth , Kamita S. G. , Sacchi R. , Demmer E. , Rivera N. , Rogers-Soeder T. S. , Gertz E. R. , Van Loan M. D. , German J. B. , Hammock B. D. , Smilowitz J. T. , Zivkovic A. M.
Published: April 2019

CVD and associated metabolic diseases are linked to chronic inflammation, which can be modified by diet. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is a difference in inflammatory markers, blood metabolic and lipid panels and lymphocyte gene expression in response to a high-fat dairy food challenge with or without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Participants consumed a dairy product-based meal containing whipping cream (WC) high in saturated fat with or without the addition of MFGM, following a 12 h fasting blood draw. Inflammatory markers including IL-6 and C-reactive protein, lipid and metabolic panels and lymphocyte gene expression fold changes were measured using multiplex assays, clinical laboratory services and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Fold changes in gene expression were determined using the Pfaffl method. Response variables were converted into incremental AUC, tested for differences, and corrected for multiple comparisons. The postprandial insulin response was significantly lower following the meal containing MFGM (P< 0·01). The gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was shown to be more up-regulated in the absence of MFGM (P= 0·009). Secondary analyses showed that participants with higher baseline cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Chol:HDL) had a greater reduction in gene expression of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphotoxinβreceptor (LTBR) with the WC+MFGM meal. The protein and lipid composition of MFGM is thought to be anti-inflammatory. These exploratory analyses suggest that addition of MFGM to a high-saturated fat meal modifies postprandial insulin response and offers a protective role for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL.
Surface elevation changes on Lachman Crags ice caps (north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula) since 1979 indicated by DEMs and ICESat data
Authors: ENGEL ZBYNĚK , KROPÁČEK JAN , SMOLÍKOVÁ JANA
Published: April 2019

The long-term warming on the Antarctic Peninsula in the second half of the 20th century prompted rapid retreat of glaciers on the peninsula and surrounding islands. Retreat accelerated until the beginning of the new millennium when the regional warming trend significantly decreased. The response of glaciers to the change in temperature trend has been observed around the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula but the timing of the shift from the surface lowering to mass gain remains unclear. Using historical aerial photographs, DEMs and satellite altimeter data from ICESat, we estimate areal and surface elevation changes of two small ice caps in the northern part of James Ross Island over the last 39 years. The glacierized area on Lachman Crags decreased from 4.337 ± 0.037 to 3.581 ± 0.014 km2 (−17.4%) between 1979 and 2006 and then increased to 3.597 ± 0.047 km2 (0.4%) until 2016. Surface lowering observed on ice caps after 1979 continued at least until 2008 as indicated by the ICESat data. The change from the lowering trend to increase in glacier surface elevation probably occurred after the ablation season 2008/09, which ranks among the warmest summers in the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula since the mid-20th century.
The phylogenetic position of species ofLecanoras. l. containing calycin and usnic acid, with the description ofLecanora solarisYakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov.
Authors: YAKOVCHENKO Lidia S. , DAVYDOV Evgeny A. , OHMURA Yoshihito , PRINTZEN Christian
Published: April 2019

Phylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS/5.8S and mtSSU DNA sequence data suggest a close relationship between twoLecanoraspecies containing calycin and usnic acid and theLecanora polytropagroup.Lecanora solarisYakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov. is described from the Altai Mountains in Russia. Its gross morphology resembles that ofL. somervelliias both species have an effigurate, citrine-yellow thallus (due to the production of calycin). However,L. solarisis distinguished fromL. somervelliiby having a small, squamulose to marginally lobate umbilicate thallus and apothecia with a persistent margin, whereasL. somervelliihas a large, distinctly placodioid thallus and an apothecial margin that is soon excluded.
Bede's rhetorical use of dating formulas in the Historia ecclesiastica
Authors: Shaw Richard
Published: April 2019

Bede frequently used dating formulas to frame his narrative. In some cases these simply reflect the wording of his sources, whether he states that he is quoting from them or not. More often, however, the types of phrasing he uses reflect conscious construction on his part. Such formulas drew attention to key people and passages in the work and so assisted in the achievement of Bede's authorial intentions in the Historia ecclesiastica. These phrases also imitated and developed previous exemplars from earlier historiography thus enabling Bede to situate and validate his work within the genre.
Transcribing the second scribe of Beowulf amid obscurity:  for  and  for
Authors: Hall J. R.
Published: April 2019

The second Beowulf scribe often begins the letter  with a thick downstroke as for the letter , to which he adds a head and tongue sometimes thinner than the downstroke. On some damaged folios it is debatable whether a certain letter should be read as  itself or the remains of  in which the head and tongue of  are very obscure or simply gone. Further, on fols. 179 and 198v, a later hand, attempting to retrace obscure letters, occasionally restored a letter as  that the palaeographic evidence hints was once . At other places the later hand restored a letter as  for which there is no evidence for  but where  is expected. Although the question of  for  and  for  is complex, careful study of the comparative evidence, beginning with the eighteenth-century transcripts, A and B, allows us to reach reasonable conclusions.
Philologie et racisme
Authors: Messling Markus
Published: April 2019

Le tournant philologique dans les sciences des textes est ancré dans la critique de la théorie littéraire et la recherche de l’objectivité dans la compréhension des écrits. Mais si l’idée de se concentrer sur la structure immanente des textes a été à l’origine de la philologie moderne, les problèmes du sens et de la traduction ont produit un surplus au cours du XIXesiècle qui peut être décrit en termes d’herméneutique culturelle. Ainsi la philologie historique a considérablement élargi sa pratique pour inclure la dimension culturelle. Edward Saïd et ses disciples en ont exploré les implications en lien avec la constitution d’une hégémonie discursive européenne. Pour que le retour à la philologie ne devienne pas l’expression nostalgique du regret du déclin d’une science classique, il faut prendre ce passé en compte. Les analyses qui ont abordé ce problème ont été principalement inspirées de l’expérience d’un échec civilisationnel et ont construit un modèle de production discursive du pouvoir. Mais comment la philologie peut-elle esquisser des perspectives nouvelles dans les débats contemporains si elle néglige l’hétérogénéité de son propre discours historique? Cet article entreprend donc d’identifier et d’analyser les traces de résistance contre le modèle culturel impérial de la philologie historique.
Protein refinement with GSAS-II
Authors: Von Dreele Robert
Published: April 2019

The General Structure Analysis System (GSAS)-II software package is a fully developed, open source, crystallographic data analysis system written almost entirely in Python. For powder diffraction, it encompasses the entire data analysis process beginning with 2-dimensonal image integration, peak selection, fitting and indexing, followed by intensity extraction, structure solution and ultimately Rietveld refinement, all driven by an intuitive graphical interface. Significant functionality of GSAS-II also can be scripted to allow it to be integrated into workflows or other software. For protein studies, it includes restraints on bond distances, angles, torsions, chiral volumes and coupled torsions (e.g. Ramachandran Φ/Ψ angles) each with graphical displays allowing visual validation. Each amino acid residue (and any ligands) can be represented by flexible rigid bodies with refinable internal torsions and optionally fully described TLS thermal motion. The least-squares algorithm invokes a Levenberg-Marquart minimization of a normalized double precision full matrix via Singular Value Decomposition providing fast convergence and high stability even for a large number of parameters. This paper will focus on the description of the flexible rigid body model of the protein and the details of the refinement algorithm.
Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Low-Dimensional Eu3+-Activated Y4Al2O9 Phosphor Compared to Bulk for Solid-State Lighting Applications and Latent Fingerprint Detection-Based Forensic Applications
Authors: Das Antika , Saha Subhajit , Panigrahi Karamjyoti , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: April 2019

In recent years, nanoscale phosphors have become vital in optoelectronic applications and to understand the improved performance of nanophosphors over bulk material, detailed investigation is essential. Herein, trivalent europium-activated Y4Al2O9 phosphors were developed by solid-state reaction and solvothermal reaction methods and their performance as a function of their dimension was studied for various applications. Under 394 nm optical excitation, the photoluminescence (PL) emission, excited state lifetime of the nanophosphor, exhibits greater performance than its bulk counterpart. The homogeneous spherical structure of the nanophosphors as compared with solid lumps of bulk phosphors is the basis for almost 40% of the enhancement in nanophosphors' intense red emission compared to the bulk. Moreover, the thermal stability of the nanophosphor is much better than the bulk phosphor, which clearly indicates a key advantage of nanophosphor. The superior performance of Eu3+-doped Y4Al2O9 nanophosphors over their bulk counterparts has been demonstrated for industrial phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes and visualization of latent fingerprint.
Feasibility and sustainability of agroforestry in temperate industrialized agriculture: preliminary insights from California
Authors: Brodt Sonja B. , Fontana Nina M. , Archer Leigh F.
Published: April 2019

Intensive use of external inputs in specialized industrial farming systems has created significant socio-ecological externalities, including water and air pollution from nutrients and pesticides, soil erosion and depletion of carbon stocks, biodiversity loss and rising production costs. Ecological intensification is a strategy for reducing reliance on inputs by intentionally designing agroecosystems to harness biological processes and ecological relationships for the sustainable functioning of the system. Incorporating perennials and diversifying systems are two avenues for achieving ecological intensification, and both are characteristics of agroforestry. This preliminary report uses examples of agroforestry in the US state of California as a proof of concept to explore the agronomic and economic feasibility and sustainability benefits of agroforestry in intensive irrigated and temperate farming systems. An exploratory study of farmers experimenting with agroforestry systems and other agricultural professionals identified eight different variants of agroforestry systems being practiced on prime agricultural land in California, ranging from simple use of winter cover crops in orchards to multi-storied cropping systems with integrated grazing. Respondents noted benefits of reduced inputs and production costs, and better nutrient cycling, soil health and pest control. Trade-offs and challenges included increases in labor requirements and management complexity. Knowledge gaps included lack of guidance in biophysical systems design, lack of clarity about economic tradeoffs, and lack of information about ecosystem services benefits. In light of interviewees’ responses, we discuss the constraints and factors needed to foster the successful expansion of agroforestry systems in California and other regions characterized by industrialized farming.
Temporal Trends of Phosphorus Cycling in a Tropical Montane Forest in Ecuador During 14 Years
Authors: Wilcke Wolfgang , Velescu Andre , Leimer Sophia , Bigalke Moritz , Boy Jens , Valarezo Carlos
Published: April 2019

Increased bioavailability of P can have a negative impact on plant biodiversity. In an approximately 9‐ha catchment under N + P‐limited megadiverse tropical montane forest in Ecuador, we budgeted all major P fluxes and determined whether the P fluxes changed from 1999 to 2013. Furthermore, we assessed which external drivers (rainfall, total P and acid deposition) caused this potential change. Mean (±SD) annual P deposition (bulk+dry) was 240 ± 270 mg/m2, with the SD reflecting the interannual variation. The annual P flux to the soil via throughfall+stemflow+litterfall was 1,400 ± 170 mg/m2 of which 18 ± 9.2% was leached to below the organic layer. The mineral soil retained 80 ± 12% of the P leached from the organic layer. The mean annual P weathering rate was 79 ± 63 mg/m2. The sum of P fluxes was approximately 5 times larger above than below the mineral soil surface, illustrating that P was tightly cycled in the biological part of the forest. The mean annual canopy budget was negative (−120 ± 280 mg/m2); that is, P was leached from the canopy. Throughfall was the largest source of dissolved P. The P catchment budget (total deposition‐streamflow) was positive (200 ± 270 mg/m2); that is, P was retained, mainly in the soil organic layer. From 1999 to 2013, P fluxes with throughfall, stemflow, and streamflow increased significantly. The strongest driver of the P budgets of the canopy and the catchment was total P deposition. Our results demonstrate that mainly biological processes retained deposited P in the vegetation and the organic layer enhancing the internal P cycle.
Seismic Noise Interferometry Reveals Transverse Drainage Configuration Beneath the Surging Bering Glacier
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen
Published: April 2019

Subglacial drainage systems are known to critically control ice flows, but their spatial configuration and temporal evolution are poorly constrained due to inaccessibility. Here we report a 12‐year‐long monitoring of the drainage underneath Bering Glacier, Alaska, by correlating ambient noise recorded at two seismic stations on the sides of the glacier. We find that the seismic surface waves traveling across Bering Glacier slowed down by 1–2% during its latest 2008–2011 surge, likely due to the switch of the subglacial drainage from a channelized system to a distributed system. In contrast to current models, the relative amplitude of velocity reductions for Rayleigh and Love waves requires the distributed drainage to be highly anisotropic and aligned perpendicular to the ice flow direction. We infer that the subglacial water flow is mainly through a network of transverse basal crevasses during surges and thus can sustain the high water pressure and ice flow speed.
Two closely spaced mutations in cis result in Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Shimomura Hideki , Lee Tomoko , Tanaka Yasuhiko , Awano Hiroyuki , Itoh Kyoko , Nishino Ichizo , Takeshima Yasuhiro
Published: April 2019

A 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) by muscle biopsy. COL6A3 gene analysis by next-generation sequencing revealed two heterozygous splice-site mutations (c.6283-1 G > G/T and c.6310-2 A > A/T), whereas normal mRNA was produced. Genomic DNA analysis revealed two mutations located on the same allele; however, no mutation was detected in either parent. These results indicated that two closely spaced de novo mutations resulted in the autosomal dominant UCMD.
Expanding the neurodevelopmental phenotypes of individuals with de novo KMT2A variants
Authors: Chan Ada J. S. , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Hoang Ny , Ambrozewicz Patricia M. , Weksberg Rosanna , Drmic Irene , Ritzema Anne , Schachar Russell , Walker Susan , Uddin Mohammed , Zarrei Mehdi , Yuen Ryan K. C. , Scherer Stephen W.
Published: April 2019

De novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the KMT2A gene are associated with Wiedemann−Steiner Syndrome (WSS). Recently, de novo KMT2A variants have been identified in sequencing studies of cohorts of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, most of these studies lack the detailed clinical information required to determine whether those individuals have isolated NDDs or WSS (i.e. syndromic NDDs). We performed thorough clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotyping on six individuals with de novo KMT2A variants. From these data, we found that all six patients met clinical criteria for WSS and we further define the neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with KMT2A variants and WSS. In particular, we identified a subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in five individuals, characterized by marked rigid, repetitive and inflexible behaviours, emotional dysregulation, externalizing behaviours, but relative social motivation. To further explore the clinical spectrum associated with KMT2A variants, we also conducted a meta-analysis of individuals with KMT2A variants reported in the published literature. We found that de novo LoF or missense variants in KMT2A were significantly more prevalent than predicted by a previously established statistical model of de novo mutation rate for KMT2A. Our genotype−phenotype findings better define the clinical spectrum associated with KMT2A variants and suggest that individuals with de novo LoF and missense variants likely have a clinically unrecognized diagnosis of WSS, rather than isolated NDD or ASD alone. This highlights the importance of a clinical genetic and neurodevelopmental assessment for individuals with such variants in KMT2A.
A direct time-based ITC approach for substrate turnover measurements demonstrated on human FMO3
Authors: Catucci Gianluca , Sadeghi Sheila J. , Gilardi Gianfranco
Published: April 2019

Using human FMO3 we demonstrate how time-based ITC can be exploited for measuring kinetic constants and the inhibiton of the conversion of the key substrate trimethylamine into trimethylamineN-oxide.
Low-temperature synthesized Li4Mn5O12-like cathode with hybrid cation- and anion-redox capacities
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Guang , Xu Hui , Zheng Yuheng , Huang Yunhui , Li Sa , Li Ju
Published: April 2019

A random Li4Mn5O12-like nanoparticulate cathode demonstrates a high reversible capacity (212 mA h g−1) with a hybrid cation-redox capacity (108 mA h g−1) and anion-redox capacity (103 mA h g−1).
Characterization of FGF401 as a reversible covalent inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
Authors: Zhou Zhan , Chen Xiaojuan , Fu Ying , Zhang Ye , Dai Shuyan , Li Jun , Chen Lin , Xu Guangyu , Chen Zhuchu , Chen Yongheng
Published: April 2019

Biochemical and structural studies provide information on the mode of action of FGF401 as a selective, reversible covalent inhibitor of FGFR4.
Intermolecular packing and charge transfer in metallofullerene/porphyrin cocrystals
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Wang Bingzhe , Yu Pengyuan , Huang Chenli , Pan Changwang , Fang Hongyun , Akasaka Takeshi , Guldi Dirk M. , Lu Xing
Published: April 2019

Charge transfer in metallofullerene/porphyrin cocrystals is revealed for the first time.
Intelligent polymer–MnO2 nanoparticles for dual-activatable photoacoustic and magnetic resonance bimodal imaging in living mice
Authors: Hu Xiaoming , Zhan Chen , Tang Yufu , Lu Feng , Li Yuanyuan , Pei Feng , Lu Xiaomei , Ji Yu , Li Jie , Wang Wenjun , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: April 2019

We herein report intelligent polymer–MnO2 nanoparticles for dual-activatable photoacoustic and magnetic resonance bimodal imaging in living mice.
Quartz crystal microbalance for telomerase sensing based on gold nanoparticle induced signal amplification
Authors: Yang Haitang , Li Ying , Wang Dingzhong , Liu Yong , Wei Wei , Zhang Yuanjian , Liu Songqin , Li Peng
Published: April 2019

A mass-sensitive quartz crystal microbalance biosensor was constructed for telomerase sensing based on gold nanoparticle induced signal amplification.
Triarylalkenes from the site-selective reductive cross-coupling of benzophenones and aldehydes
Authors: Arkhypchuk Anna I. , D'Imperio Nicolas , Ott Sascha
Published: April 2019

PhP(Li)TMS converts benzophenones to phosphaalkenes which upon activation under oxidizing, basic conditions react with aromatic aldehydes under the formation of triarylalkenes.
Two copper-based MOFs constructed from a linear diisophthalate linker: supramolecular isomerism and gas adsorption properties
Authors: He Minghui , Xu Tingting , Jiang Zhenzhen , Yu Xinjian , Zou Ying , Yang Luyao , Wang Xiaojuan , Wang Xia , He Yabing
Published: April 2019

A pair of MOF supramolecular isomers was constructed from a linear diisophthalate ligand, and one of them displayed promising potential for C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separations.
Cold crystallization in the mixed system of adenine and thymine dodecyl derivatives
Authors: Kimijima Ayaka , Honda Akinori , Nomoto Kuniharu , Miyamura Kazuo
Published: April 2019

The 1 : 1 mixture of adenine and thymine both substituted with dodecyl groups exhibited the unique thermal behavior.
Crystal structures and luminescence properties of a D–A type CIEgen and its Zn(ii) complexes
Authors: Song Jian-Biao , Liu Gui-lei , Hao Liang , Zhang Fang , Li Hui
Published: April 2019

A D–A type CIEgen with a near-planar molecular structure and its two Zn(ii) complexes with fluorescence selectivity for THF were obtained.
Z-scheme inverse opal CN/BiOBr photocatalysts for highly efficient degradation of antibiotics
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhou Liang , Tian Yunhao , Yu Jie , Lei Juying , Wang Lingzhi , Liu Yongdi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: April 2019

Optimizing the heterojunction structure of semiconductor photocatalysts is vital for utilizing their abilities in organic matter degradation.
Selenium vacancies enriched the performance of supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability via a simple chemical bath deposition method
Authors: Chebrolu Venkata Thulasi-Varma , Balakrishnan Balamuralitharan , Cho Inho , Bak Jin-Soo , Kim Hee-Je
Published: April 2019

Herein, we report a simple and cost-effective route for the fabrication of NiWO4, NiWO4P, and NiWO4Se nanostructures using the chemical bath deposition method.
A self-calibrated luminescent thermometer based on nanodiamond-Eu/Tb hybrid materials
Authors: Wu Xue-Ying , Zhao Qi , Zhang Dong-Xue , Liang Ya-Chuan , Zhang Kui-Kui , Liu Qian , Dong Lin , Shan Chong-Xin
Published: April 2019

ND-PMA-RE was synthesized and the ND-PMA-Eu/Tb could be served as a self-referencing luminescent thermometer due to the temperature-dependent luminescence performance.
Influence of sulfuric acid concentration in the simultaneous voltammetric determination of uranium and plutonium in nuclear fuels
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Sharma Manoj K. , Noronha Donald M. , Gamare Jayashree S. , Jayachandran Kavitha
Published: April 2019

The simultaneous voltammetric determination of U and Pu in nuclear fuel samples is demonstrated irrespective of U and Pu content using a PEDOT-PSS modified glassy carbon electrode in 5 M H2SO4. No interference in U(vi) reduction current in the presence of Pu(iv) is observed.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of a metalloreceptor bearing a [Re(CO)3]+ core incorporating a multifunctional ligand: selective reactivity towards Zn2+ and CN− ions
Authors: Das Tapashi , Rajak Kajal Krishna
Published: April 2019

Novel Re(i) complex containing multifunctional ligand HL shows selective reactivity towards Zn2+ and CN−.
Assembly structures and electronic properties of truxene–porphyrin compounds studied by STM/STS
Authors: Xu Haijun , Shi Hongyu , Liu Yuhong , Song Jian , Lu Xinchun , Gros Claude P. , Deng Ke , Zeng Qingdao
Published: April 2019

Long-ranged lamellar assembly structures and metalation-related electronic properties of truxene–porphyrin compounds were studied by the STM/STS technique.
A phosphorescent iridium probe for sensing polarity in the endoplasmic reticulum and in vivo
Authors: Tang Qian , Zhang Xuepeng , Cao Huiqun , Chen Ge , Huang Huaiyi , Zhang Pingyu , Zhang Qianling
Published: April 2019

A phosphorescent iridium complex for in situ tracking endoplasmic reticulum polarity variations during ER stress and in vivo.
A mild method to prepare high molecular weight poly(butylene furandicarboxylate-co-glycolate) copolyesters: effects of the glycolate content on thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties and biodegradability
Authors: Hu Han , Zhang Ruoyu , Wang Jinggang , Ying Wu Bin , Shi Lei , Yao Chenkai , Kong Zhengyang , Wang Kai , Zhu Jin
Published: April 2019

The melt polycondensation of glycolic acid based copolymers with high molecular weights remains a big challenge.
Anisotropic magnetite nanoclusters with enhanced magnetization as an efficient ferrofluid in mass transfer and liquid hyperthermia
Authors: Mouraki Alireza , Alinejad Zeinab , Sanjabi Samira , Mahdavian Ali Reza
Published: April 2019

A stable dispersion of anisotropic superparamagnetic nanoparticles was introduced for efficient heat build-up and mass transfer under an external magnetic field.