bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the fornix predicts memory function in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Koenig Katherine A. , Sakaie Ken E. , Ontaneda Daniel , Mahajan Kedar R. , Oh Se-Hong , Nakamura Kunio , Jones Stephen E. , Rao Stephen M. , Lowe Mark J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Cognitive dysfunction is a known symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), with memory recognized as a frequently impacted domain. Here, we used high-resolution MRI at 7 tesla to build on cross-sectional work by evaluating the longitudinal relationship of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of the fornix to episodic memory performance.

Methods

A sample of 80 people with multiple sclerosis (mean age 51.9 ± 8.1 years; 24% male) underwent baseline clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, and MRI. Sixty-four participants had follow-up neuropsychological testing after 1–2 years. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship of baseline imaging measures to follow-up episodic memory performance, measured using the Selective Reminding Test and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test. A reduced prediction model included cognitive function at baseline, age, sex, and disease course.

Results

Radial (β = -0.222, p < 0.026; likelihood ratio test (LRT) p < 0.018), axial (β = -0.270, p < 0.005; LRT p < 0.003), and mean (β = -0.242, p < 0.0139; LRT p < 0.009) diffusivity of the fornix significantly added to the model, with follow-up analysis indicating that a longer prediction interval may increase accuracy.

Conclusion

These results suggest that fornix DTI has predictive value specific to memory function in MS and warrants additional investigation in the drive to develop predictors of disease progression.
Selecting the right journal: Navigating challenges and maximizing research impact – a discussion paper
Authors: Remya U. R. , Pai Mamatha Shivananda , Nayak Baby S. , Noronha Judith Angelitta
Published: May 2024

This discussion paper explores the intricate challenges faced by researchers in the selection of suitable journals for the publication of their research findings. Although numerous studies have delved into the hurdles encountered during the publication process, this paper specifically addresses the complexities associated with journal selection. The focus of this paper is on the challenges confronted by nurse researchers, encompassing issues such as impact factor bias, alignment of relevance and scope, and ethical considerations. These challenges, if not navigated effectively, can impede the dissemination of valuable nursing research. By acknowledging and addressing challenges head-on, researchers can contribute meaningfully to the nursing field, ensuring that their work makes a lasting impact. Ultimately, this paper underscores the need for continuous dialogue and flexible approaches to surmount the challenges associated with journal selection and enhance the overall quality and relevance of nursing research contributions.
Blossoming From the Mud: Learnings About Compassion From 2SLGBTQ+ Canadians for Queer Subversion and Socio-Cultural Transformations
Authors: Joy Phillip , Aston Megan , Thomas Andrew , Hammond Chad , Hammond Brianna
Published: May 2024

Individuals who identify as Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) frequently encounter discrimination, stigma, harassment, and violence. Despite the prevailing influences of cis-heteronormative narratives, 2SLGBTQ+ individuals often encounter support, love, kindness, acceptance, and compassion in their everyday lives. The aim of the research was to explore how compassion can be a catalyst for societal change. Through three theoretical lenses: post-structuralism, queer theory, and Buddhism, we explored the beliefs, values, and experiences surrounding compassion for 2SLGBTQ+ individuals navigating a cis-heteronormative societal landscape. Eligibility criteria for participants included being 19 years or older, residing in Canada, self-identifying as 2SLGBTQ+, and possessing an interest in discussing compassion. Twenty individuals consented to participate in semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants were asked about their understanding of compassion, its significance in their lives, and their practices related to it. They were prompted to recall moments when they received compassion and instances when they expressed compassion toward others. Transcripts were analyzed using Foucauldian discourse analysis. Three major themes arose: (1) (un)learning compassion through chosen families and queer mentorship; (2) pursuing queer lines of flight through generative compassion; and (3) creating queer futures through acts of (self-) compassion. Cultural and social constructs often position compassion and pain as intertwined and fundamental facets to the human experience. We situate both compulsory and generative forms of compassion within an organizing metaphor of “boundless radiance,” the dynamic movements of compassion toward an ever-widening field of becoming that cultivates the way of the open heart.
The Influence of Resilience on Caregiver Burden, Depression, and Stress in the Course of the COVID-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Geschke Katharina , Steinmetz Annika , Fellgiebel Andreas , Wuttke-Linnemann Alexandra
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges for caregivers. This study examines whether individual resilience accounted for differences in caregiver burden, coping-related resilient behaviors, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 lockdowns. A total of 324 caregivers responded to a survey covering three time points (pre-pandemic (t0, retrospective), first lockdown in April 2020 (t1, retrospective), and second lockdown in winter 2020/2021 (t2, prospective)). Items covered the care situation and caregiver burden (t0 and t1), coping-related resilient behavior (t1), perceived stress (PSS-10) and depression (GDS-15) (t1 and t2) as well as resilience (BRS) (t2). Higher resilience was associated with lower caregiver burden, a higher degree of coping-related resilient behaviors, and with lower perceived stress but higher depression. Stress and depression showed different trajectories over time depending on resilience. Resilience-promoting interventions for caregivers should be used to reduce stress and caregiver burden. Special attention should be paid to depression prevention, with tailored programs to address the needs of resilient caregivers during lockdowns.
Complementary Approaches to Pain for Children
Authors: Moran Heather , Wilson Debra Rose
Published: May 2024

Pain, an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, affects children often and is one of the most common reasons to seek care. Pain in the pediatric patient population often goes unrecognized and is not assessed appropriately and adequately, leading to mismanagement and increased use of pharmacological methods to relieve pain. Pediatric surgical nurses must understand the numerous influential factors and assessment strategies in order to contribute to pain management, ensuring the appropriate pain assessment tool is used based on the child's age, cognitive development, culture, and beliefs. Complementary approaches should be included, when possible, to aid in eliminating or controlling pain in children. Alternative options, such as distraction, skin-to-skin contact, guided imagery, and hypnosis, are effective in reducing or eliminating pediatric pain. They can be used alone or in conjunction with traditional treatment plans, even in the perioperative period. Pediatric nurses can benefit from learning, understanding, and using the complementary approaches outlined for pain management in this vulnerable population.
Digital transformation and the DIY artist: Balancing artistic integrity and economic sustainability in the digital domain
Authors: Oliver Paul G.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the evolving role of do-it-yourself (DIY) artists in the context of digital transformation, analyzing the delicate balance between maintaining artistic integrity and achieving economic sustainability in the contemporary music industry. By exploring the innovative use of digital platforms, the research highlights the need to foster innovation and ensure sustainable growth as part of a pivotal strategy for these artists. The findings emphasize the complexities and challenges presented by digital platforms, particularly in terms of diverse groups and the potential disparity between artistic and commercial pressures. Drawing from global DIY music scenes, the study underlines the importance of expanding income sources, fostering community-driven growth, and prioritizing genuine artist–fan interactions. The results offer invaluable insights for independent musicians, industry stakeholders, and digital platform developers, emphasizing the interrelationship between artistry, identity, and sustainability in the digital domain.
Damage to monumental masonry buildings in Hatay and Osmaniye following the 2023 Turkey earthquake sequence: The role of wall geometry, construction quality, and material properties
Authors: Bozyigit Baran , Ozdemir Anil , Donmez Kokcan , Dalgic Korhan Deniz , Durgut Elif , Yesilyurt Cennet , Dizgin Yavuz , Yıldeniz Canan , Ispir Medine , Bedirhanoglu Idris , Aktas Yasemin Didem , Acikgoz Sinan
Published: May 2024

This article reports on the findings of an investigation on 29 historic stone masonry buildings located in the cities of Hatay and Osmaniye following the 2023 Turkey earthquake sequence. The earthquake couplet on 6 February (with moment magnitudes 7.8 and 7.5) and the following events (including another earthquake which occurred on 20 February with a moment magnitude of 6.3) resulted in significant damage to the buildings. To understand why, the examined buildings were assigned an EMS-98 damage level (ranging from 1 to 5) and descriptive response categories (masonry disaggregation, local mechanism, and global response). Overall damage statistics indicated that masonry disaggregation was common and coterminous with local mechanism response. Wall geometry and construction quality indices were then investigated to explore why these were the dominant damage mechanisms. Wall geometry indices highlighted insufficient amount of walls to resist the local seismic demands, particularly in the transverse (e.g. short) direction of buildings. This deficit promoted the formation of local mechanisms. Construction quality indices suggested that stone layouts did not enable interlocking and that the walls were prone to disaggregation. To further investigate the role of material properties on the observed damage, materials were characterized using three non-destructive testing techniques: ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements to estimate the static elastic modulus of stones, Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) tests to estimate the compressive strength of stones, and the mortar penetrometer (MP) tests to estimate the compressive strength of mortar. The measurements indicated poor mortar quality, which may have expedited failures. Using established correlations, various other important material parameters (e.g. mortar cohesion and homogenized masonry strength) are derived. It is envisioned that the damage observations and the material measurements in this article will inform detailed modeling efforts on the behavior of historic masonry buildings during the earthquakes.
Data normalization for addressing the challenges in the analysis of single-cell transcriptomic datasets
Authors: Cuevas-Diaz Duran Raquel , Wei Haichao , Wu Jiaqian
Published: May 2024

Background

Normalization is a critical step in the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. Its main goal is to make gene counts comparable within and between cells. To do so, normalization methods must account for technical and biological variability. Numerous normalization methods have been developed addressing different sources of dispersion and making specific assumptions about the count data.

Main body

The selection of a normalization method has a direct impact on downstream analysis, for example differential gene expression and cluster identification. Thus, the objective of this review is to guide the reader in making an informed decision on the most appropriate normalization method to use. To this aim, we first give an overview of the different single cell sequencing platforms and methods commonly used including isolation and library preparation protocols. Next, we discuss the inherent sources of variability of scRNA-seq datasets. We describe the categories of normalization methods and include examples of each. We also delineate imputation and batch-effect correction methods. Furthermore, we describe data-driven metrics commonly used to evaluate the performance of normalization methods. We also discuss common scRNA-seq methods and toolkits used for integrated data analysis.

Conclusions

According to the correction performed, normalization methods can be broadly classified as within and between-sample algorithms. Moreover, with respect to the mathematical model used, normalization methods can further be classified into: global scaling methods, generalized linear models, mixed methods, and machine learning-based methods. Each of these methods depict pros and cons and make different statistical assumptions. However, there is no better performing normalization method. Instead, metrics such as silhouette width, K-nearest neighbor batch-effect test, or Highly Variable Genes are recommended to assess the performance of normalization methods.
Effect of immune-modulating metronomic capecitabine as an adjuvant therapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: He Qianyong , Luo Xiuling , Liu Lina , Zhao Chaofen , Li Zhuoling , Jin Feng
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Metronomic capecitabine used as an adjuvant therapy improves survival in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). This therapeutic approach may also contribute to improving immune function, consequently enhancing overall therapeutic efficacy.

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the effect of metronomic capecitabine as adjuvant therapy on immune function and survival in cases of LA-NPC.

Subjects and methods

28 patients with LA-NPC were enrolled in the study and equally assigned to two groups of 14 each: experimental and control group. The experimental group received induction chemotherapy + concurrent chemotherapy + adjuvant chemotherapy as well as oral capecitabine at a dose of 650 mg/m² of body surface area twice daily for 1 year, with the option to discontinue in case of intolerance. The control group did not receive additional chemotherapy or targeted drugs after the induction chemotherapy + concurrent chemoradiotherapy; however, they were followed up regularly. Changes in immune function and survival were compared between the two groups.

Results

The median follow-up time was 43.5 months. One year after adjuvant chemotherapy, the experimental group showed higher levels of CD8 + cells, CD28 + CD8 + cells, and activated CD8 + cells compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The CD4/CD8 ratio and proportion of monocyte-derived dendritic cells were also higher in the experimental group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05). Comparisons of 3-year overall survival, local-regional recurrence-free survival, progression-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival between the two groups showed percentages of 92.9% vs. 78.6%, 92.9% vs. 92.9%, 78.6% vs. 71.4%, and 85.7% vs. 0.78 0.6% respectively, but these differences were not significant (P > 0 0.05 ).

Conclusion

Metronomic capecitabine chemotherapy was observed to induce an immunomodulatory effect in LA-NPC.

Trial registration

NCT02958111, date of registration 04-11-2016.
A new era in cognitive neuroscience: the tidal wave of artificial intelligence (AI)
Authors: Chen Zhiyi , Yadollahpour Ali
Published: May 2024

Translating artificial intelligence techniques into the realm of cognitive neuroscience holds promise for significant breakthroughs in our ability to probe the intrinsic mechanisms of the brain. The recent unprecedented development of robust AI models is changing how and what we understand about the brain. In this Editorial, we invite contributions for a BMC Neuroscience Collection on “AI and Cognitive Neuroscience”.
Disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection initially presenting as cutaneous and subcutaneous lesion in an HIV-Negative renal transplant recipient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Lou Lixin , Ma Shuhong , Wang Haoliang , Rong Lanxiang , Liu Ying , Zhang Kaiyu , Ai Qing , Shi Xu
Published: May 2024

Background

The incidence of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has increased in recent years with the development of organ transplantation and the widespread use of immunosuppressive agents. However, the lack of clinical suspicion leading to delay or misdiagnosis is an important reason for the high mortality rate in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-endemic population. Herein, we report a case of disseminated T. marneffei infection in a non-HIV and non-endemic recipient after renal transplant, who initially presented with skin rashes and subcutaneous nodules and developed gastrointestinal bleeding.

Case presentation

We describe a 54-year-old renal transplantation recipient presented with scattered rashes, subcutaneous nodules and ulcerations on the head, face, abdomen, and right upper limb. The HIV antibody test was negative. The patient had no obvious symptoms such as fever, cough, etc. Histopathological result of the skin lesion sites showed chronic suppurative inflammation with a large number of fungal spores. Subsequent fungal culture suggested T. marneffei infection. Amphotericin B deoxycholate was given for antifungal treatment, and there was no deterioration in the parameters of liver and kidney function. Unfortunately, the patient was soon diagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation and acute peritonitis. Then he rapidly developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and abandoned treatment.

Conclusions

The risk of fatal gastrointestinal bleeding can be significantly increased in kidney transplant patients with T. marneffei infection because of the long-term side effects of post-transplant medications. Strengthening clinical awareness and using mNGS or mass spectrometry technologies to improve the detection rate and early diagnosis of T. marneffei are crucial for clinical treatment in non-HIV and non-endemic population.
Intraoperative quantitative crystalline lens nuclear opacities analysis based on crystalline lenSx platform
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Yaya , Zhang Junting , Wang Tao , Yi Luhui , Zeng Yao , Zeng Guorong , Kong Lingdong , Ye Bo , Yi Yunmin
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The main objective is to quantify the lens nuclear opacity using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to evaluate its association with Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS-III) system, lens thickness (LT), and surgical parameters. The secondary objective is to assess the diagnostic model performance for hard nuclear cataract.

Methods

This study included 70 eyes of 57 adults with cataract, with 49 (70%) and 21 (30%) in training and validation cohort, respectively. Correlations of the average nuclear density (AND) /maximum nuclear density (MND) with LOCS-III scores, LT, and surgical parameters were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves were performed for the diagnostic of hard nuclear cataract.

Results

The pre-operative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), mean axial length (AL), and LT were 1.20 ± 0.47 log MAR, 15.50 ± 2.87 mmHg, 27.34 ± 3.77 mm and 4.32 ± 0.45 mm, respectively. The average nuclear opalescence (NO) and nuclear colour (NC) scores were 3.61 ± 0.94 and 3.50 ± 0.91 (ranging from 1.00 to 6.90), respectively. The average AND and MND were 137.94 ± 17.01 and 230.01 ± 8.91, respectively. NC and NO scores both significantly correlated with the AND (rNC = 0.733, p = 0.000; rNO = 0.755, p = 0.000) and MND (rNC = 0.643, p = 0.000; rNO = 0.634, p = 0.000). In the training cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.769 (P < 0.001, 95%CI 0.620–0.919), which had a good degree of differentiation (Fig. 2a). The calibration curve showed good agreement between predicted and actual probability.

Conclusion

The nuclear density measurement on SD-OCT images can serve as an objective and reliable indicator for quantifying nuclear density.
Novel SETBP1 D874V adjacent to the degron causes canonical schinzel–giedion syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zheng Jing , Gu Meiqun , Xiao Shasha , Li Chongzhen , Mi Hongying , Xu Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a severe multisystem disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, profound intellectual disability, refractory epilepsy, cortical visual impairment, hearing loss, and various congenital anomalies. SGS is attributed to gain-of-function (GoF) variants in the SETBP1 gene, with reported variants causing canonical SGS located within a 12 bp hotspot region encoding SETBP1 residues aa868-871 (degron). Here, we describe a case of typical SGS caused by a novel heterozygous missense variant, D874V, adjacent to the degron. The female patient was diagnosed in the neonatal period and presented with characteristic facial phenotype (midface retraction, prominent forehead, and low-set ears), bilateral symmetrical talipes equinovarus, overlapping toes, and severe bilateral hydronephrosis accompanied by congenital heart disease, consistent with canonical SGS. This is the first report of a typical SGS caused by a, SETBP1 non-degron missense variant. This case expands the genetic spectrum of SGS and provides new insights into genotype-phenotype correlations.
Elucidating the association of obstructive sleep apnea with brain structure and cognitive performance
Authors: Bao Jiahao , Zhao Zhiyang , Qin Shanmei , Cheng Mengjia , Wang Yiming , Li Meng , Jia Pingping , Li Jinhui , Yu Hongbo
Published: May 2024

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a pervasive, chronic sleep-related respiratory condition that causes brain structural alterations and cognitive impairments. However, the causal association of OSA with brain morphology and cognitive performance has not been determined.

Methods

We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between OSA and a range of neurocognitive characteristics, including brain cortical structure, brain subcortical structure, brain structural change across the lifespan, and cognitive performance. Summary-level GWAS data for OSA from the FinnGen consortium was used to identify genetically predicted OSA. Data regarding neurocognitive characteristics were obtained from published meta-analysis studies. Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis was employed to reveal genetic correlations between OSA and related traits.

Results

Our MR study provided evidence that OSA was found to significantly increase the volume of the hippocampus (IVW β (95% CI) = 158.997 (76.768 to 241.227), P = 1.51e-04), with no heterogeneity and pleiotropy detected. Nominally causal effects of OSA on brain structures, such as the thickness of the temporal pole with or without global weighted, amygdala structure change, and cerebellum white matter change covering lifespan, were observed. Bidirectional causal links were also detected between brain cortical structure, brain subcortical, cognitive performance, and OSA risk. LDSC regression analysis showed no significant correlation between OSA and hippocampus volume.

Conclusions

Overall, we observed a positive association between genetically predicted OSA and hippocampus volume. These findings may provide new insights into the bidirectional links between OSA and neurocognitive features, including brain morphology and cognitive performance.
Maternal smoking, consumption of alcohol, and caffeinated beverages during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hu Zihao , Ye Jianbo , Shi Shenbao , Luo Chuangcai , Wang Tianwei , Liu Yang , Ye Jing’an , Sun Xinlin , Ke Yiquan , Hou Chongxian
Published: May 2024

Background

We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the potential association between maternal smoking, alcohol and caffeinated beverages consumption during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors (CBTs).

Methods

A thorough search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Internet to identify pertinent articles. Fixed or random effects model was applied to meta-analyze the data.

Results

The results suggested a borderline statistically significant increased risk of CBTs associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99–1.09). We found that passive smoking (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.20), rather than active smoking (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.93–1.07), led to an increased risk of CBTs. The results suggested a higher risk in 0–1 year old children (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.94–1.56), followed by 0–4 years old children (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.97–1.28) and 5–9 years old children (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.95–1.29). This meta-analysis found no significant association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and CBTs risk (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80–1.24). An increased risk of CBTs was found to be associated with maternal consumption of caffeinated beverages (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.26) during pregnancy, especially coffee (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00–1.38).

Conclusions

Maternal passive smoking, consumption of caffeinated beverages during pregnancy should be considered as risk factors for CBTs, especially glioma. More prospective cohort studies are warranted to provide a higher level of evidence.
Association between physical activity changes and incident myocardial infarction after ischemic stroke: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Cheon Dae Young , Han Kyung do , Lee Yeon Jung , Lee Jeen Hwa , Park Myung Soo , Kim Do Young , Choi Jae Hyuk , Lee Sook Jin , Yu Kyung-Ho , Han Seongwoo , Lee Sunki , Lee Minwoo
Published: May 2024

Background

The impact of changes in physical activity after ischemic stroke (IS) on the subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) risk is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of changes in physical activity on the risk of MI after acute IS using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database.

Methods

224,764 patients newly diagnosed with IS between 2010 and 2016 who underwent two serial biannual health checkups were included. The participants were divided into four categories according to changes in their physical activity: persistent non-exercisers, new exercisers, exercise dropouts, and exercise maintainers. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of incident MI. Multivariable Cox proportional models were used to assess the effects of changes in exercise habits on the risk of MI.

Results

After a median of 4.25 years of follow-up, 6,611 (2.94%) MI cases were observed. After adjusting for confounders, new exercisers and exercise maintainers were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident MI than persistent non-exercisers (aHR, 0.849; 95% CI, 0.792–0.911; P-value < 0.001; and aHR, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.696–0.801; P-value < 0.001, respectively). Effects were consistent across sexes, more pronounced in those > 65 years. Notably, any level of physical activity after stroke was associated with a reduced MI risk compared to no exercise.

Conclusions

In this nationwide cohort study, commencing or sustaining physical activity after an IS corresponded to a diminished likelihood of subsequent MI development. Advocating physical activity in ambulatory stroke survivors could potentially attenuate the prospective risk of MI.
Perceptions of Chinese women with a history of gestational diabetes regarding health behaviors and related factors: a directed qualitative content analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaoxia , Yang Yun , Qian Shuhua , Ding Yan , Lin Qiping , Wang Na
Published: May 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes in both mothers and their children. After delivery, women who experience GDM are also at higher risk of both subsequent GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than those who do not. Therefore, healthcare providers and public health practitioners need to develop targeted and effective interventions for GDM. In this study, we aimed to explore the perceptions regarding health behaviors and related factors during the inter-pregnancy period among Chinese women with a history of GDM through the lens of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Methods

Between December 2021 and September 2022, 16 pregnant Chinese women with a history of GDM were purposively recruited from a tertiary maternity hospital in Shanghai for face-to-face semi-structured interviews. They were asked questions regarding their health behaviors and related factors. The transcribed data were analyzed using a directed qualitative content analysis method based on the theory of TPB.

Results

The health-related behaviors of the women varied substantially. We identified five domains that influenced women’s behaviors according to TPB constructs and based on the data collected: behavioral attitude (perceived benefits of healthy behaviors and the relationship between experience and attitude towards the oral glucose tolerance testing); subjective norms (influences of significant others and traditional cultural beliefs); perceived behavior control (knowledge of the disease, multiple-role conflict, the impact of COVID-19, an unfriendly external environment and difficulty adhering to healthy diets), incentive mechanisms (self-reward and external incentives); preferences of professional and institutional support (making full use of social media platform and providing continuous health management).

Conclusions

The health-related behaviors of women with a history of GDM were found to be affected by multiple factors. Healthcare professionals are recommended to provide women with sufficient information regarding the disease and to take advantage of the power of the family and other social support networks to improve women’s subjective norms and to promote the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.
Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F vaccine: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Yi , Lu Haishan , Cao Demin , Zhu Xiaoying , Long Qinqin , Tian Fengqin , Long Xidai , Li Yulei
Published: May 2024

Objective

A notable research gap exists in the systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F vaccine.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov to retrieve articles related to the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of RSV prefusion F vaccines, published through September 8, 2023. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results

A total of 22 randomized controlled trials involving 78,990 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The RSV prefusion F vaccine exhibited a vaccine effectiveness of 68% (95% CI: 59–75%) against RSV-associated acute respiratory illness, 70% (95% CI: 60–77%) against medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness, and 87% (95% CI: 71–94%) against medically attended severe RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness. Common reported local adverse reactions following RSV prefusion F vaccination include pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, and systemic reactions such as fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, and chills.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggests that vaccines using the RSV prefusion F protein as antigen exhibit appears broadly acceptable efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in the population. In particular, it provides high protective efficiency against severe RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease.
Mid-term outcomes of laparoscopic vaginal stump-round (Kakinuma method) and stump-uterosacral (Shull method) ligament fixation for pelvic organ prolapse: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Kakinuma Toshiyuki , Kakinuma Kaoru , Ueyama Kyouhei , Shinohara Takumi , Okamoto Rora , Imai Ken , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Yanagida Kaoru , Ohwada Michitaka
Published: May 2024

Background

Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) and robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RSC) using mesh are popular approaches for treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, it is not uncommon that native tissue repair (NTR) should be presented as an option to patients who are expected to have extensive intraperitoneal adhesion or patients for whom LSC or RSC is difficult owing to various risk factors. Laparoscopic vaginal stump–uterosacral ligament fixation (Shull method) has been introduced as a method for NTR in case of POP. However, effective repair using this surgical procedure may not be possible in severe POPs. To solve the problems of the Shull method, we devised the laparoscopic vaginal stump–round ligament fixation (Kakinuma method) in which the vaginal stump is fixed to the uterine round ligament, a histologically strong tissue positioned anatomically higher than the uterosacral ligament. This study aimed to retrospectively and clinically compare the two methods.

Methods

Of the 78 patients who underwent surgery for POP between January 2017 and June 2022 and postoperative follow-up for at least a year, 40 patients who underwent the Shull method (Shull group) and 38 who underwent the Kakinuma method (Kakinuma group) were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the two groups in patient background variables such as mean age, parity, body mass index, and POP-Q stage. The mean operative duration and mean blood loss in the Shull group were 140.5 ± 31.7 min and 91.3 ± 96.3 ml, respectively, whereas the respective values in the Kakinuma group were 112.2 ± 25.3 min and 31.4 ± 47.7 ml, respectively. Thus, compared with the Shull group, the operative duration was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) and blood loss was significantly less (P = 0.003) in the Kakinuma group. Recurrence was observed in six patients (15.0%) in the Shull group and two patients (5.3%) in the Kakinuma group. Hence, compared with the Shull group, recurrence was significantly less in the Kakinuma group (P = 0.015). No patients experienced perioperative complications in either group.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the Kakinuma method can serve as a novel and viable NTR procedure for POP.
Independent and combined effects of smoking, drinking and depression on periodontal disease
Authors: Huang Y. Q. , Xu J. N. , Huang Y. , Xu Y. D. , Wang H. L. , Shi W. T. , Wang J. , Wang H.
Published: May 2024

Background

Periodontitis is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that is particularly associated with health-related conditions such as smoking, excessive drinking and depression. This research aimed to investigate the interaction between these lifestyles factors on periodontitis risk.

Methods

This study included participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States between 2009 and 2014. They had completed oral health-periodontal examination, Smoking-Cigarette Use Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) of 3 mm or more and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) of 10 scores or more were used to identify periodontitis and depression, respectively. Daily alcohol consumption in the past year was classified into three levels: low (1 drink or less), moderate (between 1 and 3 drinks), and heavy drinking (4 drinks or more), while smoking was defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in one's lifetime. Then, the logistic regression combined with interaction models were used to analyze the independent and combined effects of smoking, drinking and depression on periodontitis risk.

Results

The results indicated a statistically significant multiplicative interaction between smoking and depression in relation to the development of periodontitis, both in the overall population (P = 0.03) and among male participants (P = 0.03). Furthermore, among individuals experiencing depression, smoking was found to significantly increase the prevalence of periodontitis by 129% in the younger age group compared to non-smokers (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 4.76). However, the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption was only significant among females (P < 0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship between drinking frequency and smoking on periodontitis prevalence. In the smoking population, occasional drinking (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.37) and regular drinking (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.68 to 3.11) significantly increased the prevalence of periodontitis compared to individuals without these two factors.

Conclusion

These results suggested that there were interactive effects between smoking, drinking and depression on periodontitis risk and policies aimed at healthy behaviours and mental health may be beneficial for our oral health.
Effects of high dietary inclusion of Arthrospira platensis, either extruded or supplemented with a super-dosing multi-enzyme mixture, on broiler growth performance and major meat quality parameters
Authors: Costa Mónica M. , Spínola Maria P. , Tavares Beatriz , Pestana José M. , Tavares João C. , Martins Cátia F. , Alfaia Cristina M. , Carvalho Daniela F. P. , Mendes Ana R. , Ferreira Joana I. , Mourato Miguel P. , Lordelo Madalena M. , Prates José A. M.
Published: May 2024

Background

This investigation assessed the effects of high dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on broiler chicken growth performance, meat quality and nutritional attributes. For this, 120 male broiler chicks were housed in 40 battery brooders (three birds per brooder). Initially, for 14 days, a standard corn and soybean meal diet was administered. Subsequently, from days 14 to 35, chicks were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (n = 10 per treatment): (1) control diet (CTR); (2) diet with 15% Spirulina (SP); (3) diet with 15% extruded Spirulina (SPE); and (4) diet with 15% Spirulina plus a super-dosing enzymes supplement (0.20% pancreatin extract and 0.01% lysozyme) (SPM).

Results

Throughout the experimental period, both SP and SPM diets resulted in decreased final body weight and body weight gain compared to control (p < 0.001), with the SPE diet showing comparable results to CTR. The SPE diet prompted an increase in average daily feed intake (p = 0.026). However, all microalga treatments increased the feed conversion ratio compared to CTR. Dietary inclusion of Spirulina notably increased intestinal content viscosity (p < 0.010), which was mitigated by the SPM diet. Spirulina supplementation led to lower pH levels in breast meat 24 h post-mortem and heightened the b* colour value in both breast and thigh meats (p < 0.010). Furthermore, Spirulina contributed to an increased accumulation of total carotenoids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), while diminishing n-6 PUFA, thus altering the n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratios favourably (p < 0.001). However, it also reduced zinc concentration in breast meat (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings indicate that high Spirulina levels in broiler diets impair growth due to increased intestinal viscosity, and that extrusion pre-treatment mitigates this effect. Despite reducing digesta viscosity, a super-dosing enzyme mix did not improve growth. Data also indicates that Spirulina enriches meat with antioxidants and n-3 PUFA but reduces α-tocopherol and increases saturated fats. Reduced zinc content in meat suggests the need for Spirulina biofortification to maintain its nutritional value.
De novo production of bioactive sesterterpenoid ophiobolins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories
Authors: Zhang Caizhe , Wu Jun , Sun Qing , Ding Shuaishuai , Tao Hua , He Yuhua , Qiu Hui , Shu Bei , Zhu Dongqing , Zhu Hengcheng , Hong Kui
Published: May 2024

Background

Sesterterpenoids are rare species among the terpenoids family. Ophiobolins are sesterterpenes with a 5-8-5 tricyclic skeleton. The oxidized ophiobolins exhibit significant cytotoxic activity and potential medicinal value. There is an urgent need for large amounts of ophiobolins supplication for drug development. The synthetic biology approach has been successfully employed in lots of terpene compound production and inspired us to develop a cell factory for ophiobolin biosynthesis.

Results

We developed a systematic metabolic engineering strategy to construct an ophiobolin biosynthesis chassis based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The whole-cell biotransformation methods were further combined with metabolic engineering to enhance the expression of key ophiobolin biosynthetic genes and improve the supply of precursors and cofactors. A high yield of 5.1 g/L of ophiobolin F was reached using ethanol and fatty acids as substrates. To accumulate oxidized ophiobolins, we optimized the sources and expression conditions for P450-CPR and alleviated the toxicity of bioactive compounds to cells through PDR engineering. We unexpectedly obtained a novel ophiobolin intermediate with potent cytotoxicity, 5-hydroxy-21-formyl-ophiobolin F, and the known bioactive compound ophiobolin U. Finally, we achieved the ophiobolin U titer of 128.9 mg/L.

Conclusions

We established efficient cell factories based on S. cerevisiae, enabling de novo biosynthesis of the ophiobolin skeleton ophiobolin F and oxidized ophiobolins derivatives. This work has filled the gap in the heterologous biosynthesis of sesterterpenoids in S. cerevisiae and provided valuable solutions for new drug development based on sesterterpenoids.
Primary health care as a tool to promote equity and sustainability; a review of Latin American and Caribbean literature
Authors: Maceira Daniel , Quintero Rolando Enrique Peñaloza , Suarez Patricia , Peña Peña Laura Vanessa
Published: May 2024

Primary health care (PHC) has increased in global relevance as it has been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to promote community access to health services. Multilateral organizations and national governments have reached a consensus regarding the basic principles of PHC, but the application of these varies from country to country due to the particularities of local health systems.

This article aims to review and summarize PHC strategies and the configuration of health networks in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

The review was carried out using keywords in at least 9 databases. Papers in languages other than English, Portuguese, and Spanish were excluded, while non-refereed articles and regional gray literature were incorporated. As a result, 1,146 papers were identified. After three instances of analysis, 142 articles were selected for this investigation. Data were analyzed according to an analysis by theme.

The evidence collected on health reforms in the region reflects the need to intensify care strategies supported by PHC and care networks. These must be resilient to changes in the population’s needs and must be able to adapt to contexts of epidemiological accumulation.
Association between the triglyceride glucose index and obstructive sleep apnea and its symptoms: results from the NHANES
Authors: Wang Chao , Shi Mengdi , Lin Chunsheng , Wang Jingyi , Xie Liangzhen , Li Yan
Published: May 2024

Background

Certain studies have indicated a link between obstructive sleep apnea and insulin resistance in specific populations. To gain more clarity, extensive research involving a broad sample of the overall population is essential. The primary objective of this study was to investigate this correlation by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.

Methods

The analysis incorporated data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database spanning the time periods from 2005 to 2008 and from 2015 to 2018, with a focus on American adults aged 18 years and older after applying weight adjustments. Key variables such as obstructive sleep apnea, triglyceride glucose index, and various confounding factors were considered. A generalized linear logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea and the triglyceride glucose index, with additional exploration of the consistency of the results through hierarchical analysis and other techniques.

Results

The study included participants aged between 18 and 90 years, with an average age of 46.75 years. Among the total sample, 50.76% were male. The triglyceride glucose index demonstrated a diagnostic capability for obstructive sleep apnea, with an AUC of 0.701 (95% CI: 0.6619–0.688). According to the fully adjusted model, individuals in the fourth quartile of the triglyceride glucose index showed an increased likelihood of having obstructive sleep apnea compared to those in the first quartile (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02–2.06; P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that male sex (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.76–2.45; P < 0.05), younger age (OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.02–3.96; P < 0.05), white ethnicity (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.93–2.73; P < 0.05), and obesity (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.28–1.85; P < 0.05) were correlated with an elevated risk of OSA.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a strong association between an elevated TG index and OSA. Additionally, the triglyceride glucose index could serve as an independent predictor of obstructive sleep apnea.
Achieving deep intratumoral penetration and multimodal combined therapy for tumor through algal photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Xuwu , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Weidong , Dai Liang , Lan Xifa , Wang Desong , Tu Wenkang , He Yuchu , Gao Dawei
Published: May 2024

Background

Elevated interstitial fluid pressure within tumors, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, constitutes a critical barrier to effective drug penetration and therapeutic outcomes.

Results

In this study, based on the photosynthetic characteristics of algae, an active drug carrier (CP@ICG) derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) was designed and constructed. Leveraging the hypoxia tropism and phototropism exhibited by CP, we achieved targeted transport of the carrier to tumor sites. Additionally, dual near-infrared (NIR) irradiation at the tumor site facilitated photosynthesis in CP, enabling the breakdown of excessive intratumoral interstitial fluid by generating oxygen from water decomposition. This process effectively reduced the interstitial pressure, thereby promoting enhanced perfusion of blood into the tumor, significantly improving deep-seated penetration of chemotherapeutic agents, and alleviating tumor hypoxia.

Conclusions

CP@ICG demonstrated a combined effect of photothermal/photodynamic/starvation therapy, exhibiting excellent in vitro/in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and favorable biocompatibility. This work provides a scientific foundation for the application of microbial-enhanced intratumoral drug delivery and tumor therapy.

Graphical Abstract