bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superresolution Imaging of Clinical Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Breast Cancer with Single Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Creech Matthew K. , Wang Jing , Nan Xiaolin , Gibbs Summer L.
Published: January 2017

Millions of archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens contain valuable molecular insight into healthy and diseased states persevered in their native ultrastructure. To diagnose and treat diseases in tissue on the nanoscopic scale, pathology traditionally employs electron microscopy (EM), but this platform has significant limitations including cost and painstaking sample preparation. The invention of single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) optically overcame the diffraction limit of light to resolve fluorescently labeled molecules on the nanoscale, leading to many exciting biological discoveries. However, applications of SMLM in preserved tissues has been limited. Through adaptation of the immunofluorescence workflow on FFPE sections milled at histological thickness, cellular architecture can now be visualized on the nanoscale using SMLM including individual mitochondria, undulations in the nuclear lamina, and the HER2 receptor on membrane protrusions in human breast cancer specimens. Using astigmatism imaging, these structures can also be resolved in three dimensions to a depth of ~800 nm. These results demonstrate the utility of SMLM in efficiently uncovering ultrastructural information of archived clinical samples, which may offer molecular insights into the physiopathology of tissues to assist in disease diagnosis and treatment using conventional sample preparation methods.
Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) suppresses apoptosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yanmei , Fang Mengdie , Song Yongfei , Ren Juan , Fang Jianfei , Wang Xiaoju
Published: January 2017

Identifying oncogenes that promote cancer cell proliferation or survival is critical for treatment of colorectal cancer. The Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) is frequently expressed in most types of cancer, but rarely in normal tissues. Aberrantly expressed BORIS relates to colorectal cancer, but its function in colorectal cancer cells remains unclear. In addition, previous studies indicated the significance of cytoplasm-localized BORIS in cancer cells. However, none of them investigated its function. Herein, we investigated the functions of BORIS in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and the role of cytoplasm-localized BORIS in colorectal cancer. BORIS expression correlated with colorectal cancer proliferation. BORIS overexpression promoted colorectal cancer cell growth, whereas BORIS knockdown suppressed cell proliferation. Sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was inversely correlated with BORIS expression. These data suggest that BORIS functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer. BORIS silencing induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, whereas BORIS supplementation inhibited apoptosis induced by BORIS short interfering RNA (siRNA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 5-FU. Introduction of BORIS-ZFdel showed that cytoplasmic localization of BORIS inhibited apoptosis but not ROS production. Our study highlights the anti-apoptotic function of BORIS in colorectal cancer.
Global mapping of nonseismic sea level oscillations at tsunami timescales
Authors: Vilibić Ivica , Šepić Jadranka
Published: January 2017

Present investigations of sea level extremes are based on hourly data measured at coastal tide gauges. The use of hourly data restricts existing global and regional analyses to periods larger than 2 h. However, a number of processes occur at minute timescales, of which the most ruinous are tsunamis. Meteotsunamis, hazardous nonseismic waves that occur at tsunami timescales over limited regions, may also locally dominate sea level extremes. Here, we show that nonseismic sea level oscillations at tsunami timescales (<2 h) may substantially contribute to global sea level extremes, up to 50% in low-tidal basins. The intensity of these oscillations is zonally correlated with mid-tropospheric winds at the 99% significance level, with the variance doubling from the tropics and subtropics to the mid-latitudes. Specific atmospheric patterns are found during strong events at selected locations in the World Ocean, indicating a globally predominant generation mechanism. Our analysis suggests that these oscillations should be considered in sea level hazard assessment studies. Establishing a strong correlation between nonseismic sea level oscillations at tsunami timescales and atmospheric synoptic patterns would allow for forecasting of nonseismic sea level oscillations for operational use, as well as hindcasting and projection of their effects under past, present and future climates.
Protein kinase C δ signaling is required for dietary prebiotic-induced strengthening of intestinal epithelial barrier function
Authors: Wu Richard Y. , Abdullah Majd , Määttänen Pekka , Pilar Ana Victoria C. , Scruten Erin , Johnson-Henry Kathene C. , Napper Scott , O’Brien Catherine , Jones Nicola L. , Sherman Philip M.
Published: January 2017

Prebiotics are non-digestible oligosaccharides that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes, but it is unclear whether they also have direct effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier. Here we demonstrate two commercial prebiotics, inulin and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (scFOS), when applied onto intestinal epithelia in the absence of microbes, directly promote barrier integrity to prevent pathogen-induced barrier disruptions. We further show that these effects involve the induction of select tight junction (TJ) proteins through a protein kinase C (PKC) δ-dependent mechanism. These results suggest that in the absence of microbiota, prebiotics can directly exert barrier protective effects by activating host cell signaling in the intestinal epithelium, which represents a novel alternative mechanism of action of prebiotics.
Using 13C isotopes to explore denitrification-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation in a paddy-peatland
Authors: Shi Yao , Wang Zhongqiang , He Chunguang , Zhang Xinyu , Sheng Lianxi , Ren Xiaodong
Published: January 2017

Peatlands are organic-matter-rich but nitrogen-limited natural systems, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) status of which are subject to increasing exposure from long-term nitrate (NO3−) fertilizer inputs and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposits. To manage and protect these unique environments, an improved understanding of denitrification-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (DAMO) in peatlands is needed. In this study, we used stable isotope measurements and incubation with NO3−additions to facilitate an investigation and comparison of the potential DAMO rates in a paddy-peatland that has been influenced by N fertilizer over 40 years and an undisturbed peatland in northeast China. Monitoring of13CO2production confimed DAMO did occur in both the paddy-peatland and the undisturbed peatland, the rates of which increased with NO3−additions, but decreased logarithmically with time. When NO3−was added, there were no significant differences between the CH4oxidation in the paddy-peatland and peatland samples after 36 hours of incubation (97.08vs. 143.69 nmol g−1dry peat) and the potential DAMO rate after incubation for 1 hour (92.53vs. 69.99 nmol g−1h−1). These results indicate that the occurrence of DAMO in peatlands might be controlled by the amount of NO3−applied and the depth to which it penetrates into the anoxic layer.
Dantrolene versus amiodarone for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized, double-blinded experimental study
Authors: Wiesmann Thomas , Freitag Dennik , Dersch Wolfgang , Eschbach Daphne , Irqsusi Marc , Steinfeldt Thorsten , Wulf Hinnerk , Feldmann Carsten
Published: January 2017

Dantrolene was introduced for treatment of malignant hyperthermia. It also has antiarrhythmic properties and may thus be an alternative to amiodarone for the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (VF). Aim of this study was to compare the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with dantrolene and amiodarone in a pig model of cardiac arrest. VF was induced in anesthetized pigs. After 8 min of untreated VF, chest compressions and ventilation were started and one of the drugs (amiodarone 5 mg kg−1, dantrolene 2.5 mg kg−1 or saline) was applied. After 4 min of initial CPR, defibrillation was attempted. ROSC rates, hemodynamics and cerebral perfusion measurements were measured. Initial ROSC rates were 7 of 14 animals in the dantrolene group vs. 5 of 14 for amiodarone, and 3 of 10 for saline). ROSC persisted for the 120 min follow-up in 6 animals in the dantrolene group, 4 after amiodarone and 2 in the saline group (n.s.). Hemodynamics were comparable in both dantrolene group amiodarone group after obtaining ROSC. Dantrolene and amiodarone had similar outcomes in our model of prolonged cardiac arrest, However, hemodynamic stability was not significantly improved using dantrolene. Dantrolene might be an alternative drug for resuscitation and should be further investigated.
Intrinsic Defects and H Doping in WO3
Authors: Zhu Jiajie , Vasilopoulou Maria , Davazoglou Dimitris , Kennou Stella , Chroneos Alexander , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: January 2017

WO3 is widely used as industrial catalyst. Intrinsic and/or extrinsic defects can tune the electronic properties and extend applications to gas sensors and optoelectonics. However, H doping is a challenge to WO3, the relevant mechanisms being hardly understood. In this context, we investigate intrinsic defects and H doping by density functional theory and experiments. Formation energies are calculated to determine the lowest energy defect states. O vacancies turn out to be stable in O-poor environment, in agreement with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and O-H bond formation of H interstitial defects is predicted and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Maternal cortisol stimulates neurogenesis and affects larval behaviour in zebrafish
Authors: Best Carol , Kurrasch Deborah M. , Vijayan Mathilakath M.
Published: January 2017

Excess glucocorticoid transferred from stressed mother to the embryo affects developing vertebrate offspring, but the underlying programming events are unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased zygotic glucocorticoid deposition, mimicking a maternal stress scenario, modifies early brain development and larval behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Cortisol was microinjected into the yolk at one cell-stage, to mimic maternal transfer, and the larvae [96 hours post-fertilization (hpf)] displayed increased activity in light and a reduction in thigmotaxis, a behavioural model for anxiety, suggesting an increased propensity for boldness. This cortisol-mediated behavioural phenotype corresponded with an increase in primary neurogenesis, as measured by incorporation of EdU at 24 hpf, in a region-specific manner in the preoptic region and the pallium, the teleostean homolog of the hippocampus. Also, cortisol increased the expression of the proneural geneneurod4, a marker of neurogenesis, in a region- and development-specific manner in the embryos. Altogether, excess zygotic cortisol, mimicking maternal stress, affects early brain development and behavioural phenotype in larval zebrafish. We propose a key role for cortisol in altering brain development leading to enhanced boldness, which may be beneficial in preparing the offspring to a stressful environment and enhancing fitness.
Photocatalytic coupling of formaldehyde to ethylene glycol and glycolaldehyde over bismuth vanadate with controllable facets and cocatalysts
Authors: Xie Shunji , Shen Zebin , Zhang Huamin , Cheng Jun , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye
Published: January 2017

Bismuth vanadate single crystals with controllable facets and cocatalysts show excellent performance for photocatalytic coupling of formaldehyde into C2compounds.
Controlled synthesis of cyclosiloxanes by NHC-catalyzed hydrolytic oxidation of dihydrosilanes
Authors: Qing Guoping , Cui Chunming
Published: January 2017

Hydrolytic oxidation of dihydrosilanes with water in acetonitrile with 0.1 mol% of NHC produced hydrogen gas and cyclosiloxanes in excellent yields.
Cu2+ sorption from aqueous media by a recyclable Ca2+ framework
Authors: Margariti A. , Rapti S. , Katsenis A. D. , Friščić T. , Georgiou Y. , Manos M. J. , Papaefstathiou G. S.
Published: January 2017

A recyclable Ca-MOF that exchanges Ca2+ by Cu2+ almost quantitatively and quickly was investigated via batch ion-exchange experiments and utilized as a stationary phase in an ion-exchange column for Cu2+ removal from aqueous media.
Li1.17Mn0.50Ni0.16Co0.17O2 assembled microspheres as a high-rate and long-life cathode of Li-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Dong , Shi Pei , Fang Shaohua , Guo Wenbin , Yang Li , Hirano Shin-ichi
Published: January 2017

Li1.17Mn0.50Ni0.16Co0.17O2 assembled microspheres deliver excellent electrochemical performances due to the fast Li-ion movement during the sintering process.
CO2 capture under humid conditions in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: González-Zamora Eduardo , Ibarra Ilich A.
Published: January 2017

An emerging technology for CO2 capture is the construction of hybrid adsorbent MOFs via confinement of water inside the pores. This review article describes the recent progress in this field.
Silver-catalyzed radical carbofluorination of unactivated alkenes with acetic acid in aqueous solution
Authors: Chen He , Zhu Lin , Li Chaozhong
Published: January 2017

The AgNO3-catalyzed carbofluorination of unactivated alkenes with acetic acid provides an efficient and general route to γ-fluorinated carboxylic acids.
Ark shell protein hydrolysates inhibit adipogenesis in mouse mesenchymal stem cells through the down-regulation of transcriptional factors
Authors: Hyung Jun-Ho , Ahn Chang-Bum , Je Jae-Young
Published: January 2017

Anti-adipogenic peptides were generated from ark shell protein by enzymatic hydrolysis.
The proteomic profiling of calenduloside E targets in HUVEC: design, synthesis and application of biotinylated probe BCEA
Authors: Tian Yu , Wang Shan , Shang Hai , Wang Min , Sun Guibo , Xu Xudong , Sun Xiaobo
Published: January 2017

The proteomic profiling of calenduloside E targets was researched by employing the biotinylated probe BCEA of natural product calenduloside E.
Construction of hybrid multi-shell hollow structured CeO2–MnOx materials for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Ma Kaili , Zou Weixin , Zhang Lei , Li Lulu , Yu Shuohan , Tang Changjin , Gao Fei , Dong Lin
Published: January 2017

Multi-shell CeO2–MnOx hollow spheres with superior catalytic performance were prepared via modification of the calcination rate.
Hydrolytic depolymerization of corncob lignin in the view of a bio-based rigid polyurethane foam synthesis
Authors: Xue Bai-Liang , Huang Pan-Li , Sun Yong-Chang , Li Xin-Ping , Sun Run-Cang
Published: January 2017

Corncob lignin was efficiently depolymerized in an isopropanol–water mixture with NaOH as catalyst into bio-polyols with low molecular weight and suitable hydroxyl number in view of the preparation of a bio-based rigid polyurethane foam.
Two decades of new drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Zhidong , Zhang Aihua , Sun Hui , Han Ying , Kong Ling , Wang Xijun
Published: January 2017

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, associated with a decreased cognitive function and severe behavioral abnormalities.
Chemical manipulation of edge-contact and encapsulated graphene by dissociated hydrogen adsorption
Authors: Hong S. J. , Kim H. , Lee M. , Kang H. , Park M. , Jeong D. H. , Lee S. W. , Park Y. W. , Kim B. H.
Published: January 2017

We investigate the hydrogenation in the h-BN/graphene/h-BN heterostructure and report the successful intercalation and modification of electrical properties.
A computational study on interaction of aluminum withd-glucose 6-phosphate for various stoichiometries
Authors: Formoso Elena , Lopez Xabier
Published: January 2017

The interaction of aluminum with glucose 6-phosphate is thought to disrupt key processes of the glucide metabolism in cells. Complex and rich aluminum chelation chemistry is found in Aluminum-glucose 6-phosphate speciation study.
Flame retarding epoxy composites with poly(phosphazene-co-bisphenol A)-coated boron nitride to improve thermal conductivity and thermal stability
Authors: Qu Taoguang , Yang Na , Hou Jun , Li Guohua , Yao Yanmei , Zhang Qingxin , He Lianqi , Wu Dezhen , Qu Xiongwei
Published: January 2017

A novel poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-bisphenol A)-coated boron nitride (PCB-BN) was synthesized byin situpolymerization on the surface of BN. The epoxy/PCB-BN composites showed the enhanced thermal conductivity with the improved flame retardance.
Silicone oil promotes amyloid-like aggregation of αB-crystallin
Authors: Shen Zhiwei , Du Qiqige , Lei Haozhi , Wei Yuhui , Hu Jun , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2017

Silicone oil induced changes of secondary structures of αB-crystallin (CRYAB) and promoted its aggregation into amyloid-like nanostructures.
Bis[1]benzothieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]anthra[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene: synthesis, characterization, and application to organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Hyodo Keita , Hagiwara Hideki , Toyama Ryota , Mori Hiroki , Soga Shin-ichi , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: January 2017

A straightforward synthetic method of BBTADT having nine aromatic rings fused and evaluation of OFET in polycrystalline films are reported.
C-7 modified flavonoids as novel tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors
Authors: Xiao Zhu-Ping , Wei Wei , Liu Qi , Wang Peng-Fei , Luo Xing , Chen Fang-Yuan , Cao Yang , Huang Hong-Xia , Liu Mi-Mi , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: January 2017

Twenty C-7 modified flavonoids were designed and synthesized.
In situ electrochemical formation of core–shell nickel–iron disulfide and oxyhydroxide heterostructured catalysts for a stable oxygen evolution reaction and the associated mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Min , Weng Qunhong , Zhang Xiuyun , Wang Xi , Xue Yanming , Zeng Xianghua , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri
Published: January 2017

A novel Ni–Fe disulfide@oxyhydroxide core–shell heterostructure exhibits excellent electrochemical catalytic stability and activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Nanoscale zero-valent iron in mesoporous carbon (nZVI@C): stable nanoparticles for metal extraction and catalysis
Authors: Teng Wei , Fan Jianwei , Wang Wei , Bai Nan , Liu Rui , Liu Yang , Deng Yonghui , Kong Biao , Yang Jianping , Zhao Dongyuan , Zhang Wei-xian
Published: January 2017

Extraction of precious metals from low-level sources such as wastewater is of significance for water/wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
Europium-decorated ZnO quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of an anthrax biomarker
Authors: Zhou Rui , Zhao Qi , Liu Kai-Kai , Lu Ying-Jie , Dong Lin , Shan Chong-Xin
Published: January 2017

A hybrid nanostructure based on ZnO quantum dots (QDs) has been fabricated for ratiometric detection of Bacillus anthracis spores.
Multi‐rate combination of partial information‐based routing and adaptive modulation and coding for space deterministic delay/disruption tolerant networks
Authors: Huang Jinhui , Liu Wenxiang , Su Yingxue , Wang Feixue
Published: January 2017

Delay/disruption tolerant network (DTN), in which the network connectivity is intermittent and the node buffer size is limited, is a promising approach to model space networks. In this study, the authors focus on the space deterministic DTNs whose mobility and connectivity are predictable. A rate adaptation scheme based on adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is adopted. Based on the analysis of data delay in DTN, the authors propose two routing algorithms, namely local information‐based routing (LIR) and local and neighbour information‐based routing (LNIR) for space DTNs. Queuing information in partial nodes is used in routing selection. The two proposed algorithms outperform the traditional least delay routing (LDR) in average end‐to‐end delay, packet loss ratio and traffic distribution. With the same network load, the average delay of LDR, LIR and LNIR are 44.43s, 22.82s and 14.08s while the packet loss ratio of three algorithms are 6.37, 0.76 and 0.00%. Simulation result also shows the superiority of AMC over fixed modulation and coding (FMC) in space DTNs. When the DTN is heavily loaded, the delay of AMC is 15 s smaller than that of FMC. At the same time, the packet loss ratio of AMC is one‐sixth that of FMC.
Compact design of UHF RFID and NFC antennas for mobile phones
Authors: Paredes Ferran , Cairó Ignasi , Zuffanelli Simone , Zamora Gerard , Bonache Jordi , Martin Ferran
Published: January 2017

A small size and low‐profile antenna has been developed in order to provide any mobile phone with ultra‐high frequency (UHF) radiofrequency identification (RFID) reader functionality. For that purpose, a patch antenna topology has been chosen on account of the mobile phone battery, which exhibits an electromagnetic behaviour similar to a metal plane. The low‐profile patch antenna has been designed to operate at the European UHF RFID band. To communicate the mobile phone with the RFID reader module, near‐field communication (NFC) technology has been considered. Thus, an NFC antenna, based on square coils, operating at 13.56 MHz has been also designed. Such antenna has been etched on the opposite side of the patch antenna. Overall dimensions of the prototype are 60 mm × 100 mm, i.e. small enough to fit the dimensions of a mobile phone. As proof of concepts to evaluate the performance of the designed antennas, an UHF RFID reader module and an NFC reader module are tested. The measured read range reaches up to 1 m for some commercial tags.
Spectrum sharing between communications and ATC radar systems
Authors: Wang Huaiyi , Johnson Joel T. , Baker Christopher J.
Published: January 2017

Increasing demand for wireless communications services within the spectrum bands that are most conducive to operating cellular and mobile broadband systems is aggravating frequency congestion within the electromagnetic spectrum. Primary–secondary spectrum sharing can be exploited to alleviate spectrum congestion by allowing secondary systems to access opportunistically the allotted frequency band of a primary system. In this study, the feasibility of spectrum sharing between air traffic control (ATC) radar and long‐term evolution (LTE) wireless communications systems is investigated through waveform‐level simulations and link budget analyses. Numerical results show that with moderate frequency and range separation, spectrum sharing between a scanning ATC radar and a single LTE cell in L‐band is possible, though both systems are ultimately subject to quantified performance degradations due to the impact each has on the other.
Use of processed data to design an orderly logic gate to construct plasmids in GenoCAD
Authors: Shi Pei , Wu Tao , Li Panpan , Guo Bingjie , Fang Gang , Dong Yafei
Published: January 2017

Rapid developments have been made in synthetic biology within the past two decades, particularly in combination with chemistry, computer science, and other disciplines. Genetic components and internal features have been a main focus of research for synthetic biologists. Logic gates can be applied in various disciplines, but have not yet been used for plasmid design. GenoCAD is a computer‐aided design software programme for synthetic biology that can be used to design complex structures. Thus, in this study, the authors analysed a large, commonly used data set containing over 70,000 feature sequences and eventually obtained comprehensive information for a complete data set without redundancy. By analysing the internal feature sequences, the authors input the most representative data in the GenoCAD platform, along with design rules and grammar for constructing high‐quality practical parts. Additionally, the orderly logic gate for building biological parts designed in this study may be useful for professionals and non‐professionals and may have applications in the design of a new biological computer. Finally, the authors compared the constructed plasmid with other successful examples in BLAST and PlasMapper software to demonstrate the rationality of the orderly logic gate.
Use of Esophageal Hemoximetry to Assess the Effect of Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Gastrointestinal Oxygenation in Newborn Infants
Authors: Vora Farha , Gates Judy , Gerard Kimberley , Hanson Shawn , Applegate Richard , Blood Arlin
Published: January 2017

Objectives There are no widely accepted methods of continuously monitoring gut oxygenation in the newborn during packed red blood cell transfusion. We investigated the use of an orally inserted light spectroscopy probe to measure lower esophageal oxyhemoglobin saturations (eStO2) before, during, and after transfusion and made comparisons with abdominal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow.

Study Design Thirteen neonates with corrected gestational ages ranging from 22 weeks, 0 day to 37 weeks, 5 days were enrolled. eStO2 and NIRS measurements were recorded continuously for a 25-hour period starting 1 hour prior to starting the 4-hour transfusion. Transabdominal ultrasound was used to measure SMA flow prior to, upon completion, and 20 hours after the transfusion.

Results Twelve infants completed the study. eStO2 was well-tolerated and was weakly (r = 0.06) correlated (p < 0.001) with NIRS. Compared with NIRS, eStO2 demonstrated a markedly greater variation in oxyhemoglobin values. NIRS and SMA flow measurements did not change, while eStO2 increased from 48 ± 5% and 45 ± 5% in the pre- and intratransfusion periods to 57 ± 4% in the posttransfusion period (p = 0.03).

Conclusion Measurement of eStO2 is feasible in neonates and may provide a continuous and sensitive index of rapid changes in mesenteric oxygenation in this patient population.
Einstellungsscreening zum pharmakologischen Neuroenhancement bei Studierenden
Authors: Ganz Thomas , Braun Michael , Laging Marion , Heidenreich Thomas
Published: January 2017

Die zu einem pharmakologischen Neuroenhancement (pNE) eingenommenen Substanzen gehen mit gesundheitlichen Risiken und hohen Missbrauchs- und Abhängigkeitspotenzialen einher. Ziel der Analysen war die psychometrische Evaluation der neuen und bisher kaum evaluierten Neuro-Enhancement Attitude Scale (NEAS) mit Bezug auf eine tatsächliche pNE-Anwendung. Mittels einer querschnittlichen Online-Fragebogenstudie wurden Daten über eine studentische Stichprobe (n=787) erhoben und die Studienzeitprävalenz des pNE (3,4%; n=27) erfasst. Es zeigte sich, dass die NEAS über die Variablen Alter, Geschlecht, Konsum koffeinhaltiger Getränke und Alkohol hinaus einen signifikanten Anteil an der Varianz der pNE-Anwendung aufklärt. Die Definition eines Cut-off-Werts ist gegenwärtig zurückzuweisen und eine Weiterentwicklung der NEAS zu empfehlen. Die NEAS bietet eine wichtige Hilfestellung, um frühzeitig auf Präventionsbedarfe hinzuweisen und gezielte Präventionsmaßnahmen entwickeln zu können.
Magnetohydrodynamic two-phase dusty fluid flow and heat model over deforming isothermal surfaces
Authors: Turkyilmazoglu Mustafa
Published: January 2017

This paper is devoted to the mathematical analysis of a magnetohydrodynamic viscous two-phase dusty fluid flow and heat transfer over permeable stretching or shrinking bodies. The wall boundary is subjected to a linear deformation as well as to a quadratic surface temperature. Such a highly nonlinear phenomenon, for the first time in the literature, is attacked to search for occurrence of exact solutions, whose numerical correspondences are already available for limited wall transpiration velocities. The obtained analytical solutions are found be in perfect line with the numerical computations. Besides this, exact solutions point to the existence of dual solutions for both permeable stretching and shrinking cases, which were not detected from the numerical studies up to date. The existence of such exact solutions and their parameter domain particularly depending on the wall suction or injection are successfully analyzed. The physical outcomes concerning the effects of suspended particles on the momentum and thermal boundary layers well-documented in the open literature can be best understood from the presented exact solutions.
Electric field induced monoclinic phase stability in Ca doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3: Case of 0.93Na0.5Bi0.5 TiO3 – 0.07CaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Roukos Roy , Geoffroy Nicolas , Chaumont Denis
Published: January 2017

The ferroelectric perovskite complex 0.93Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 – 0.07CaTiO3 (NBT –0.07CT) ceramics were studied by a simple X-ray diffraction upon application of an increasing electric field. It is shown that the field induced rhombohedral (R3c) to monoclinic (Cc) phase transition at room temperature. This induced phase is stable after removal the electric field. Our results has been interpreted by intrinsic polarization rotation theory, in comparison with Pb-base system such as PMT-PT, PZN-PT, …near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region. Apparently, the NBT – 0.07CT pretends to have a ferroelectric and structural instability around room temperature.
Alloy disorder modulated electron transport at MgxZn1-xO/ZnO heterointerface
Authors: Vishnuradhan Aswin , Kozuka Y. , Uchida M. , Falson J. , Tsukazaki A. , Kawasaki M.
Published: January 2017

High-mobility electron systems in two dimensions have been the platform for realizing many fascinating quantum phenomena at low temperatures. Continuous demand to improve the sample quality has necessitated the investigations of various disorders influencing the quantum transport. Here, we study the effect of short-ranged alloy disorder on the scattering of two-dimensional electron system in MgxZn1-xO/ZnO. For this purpose, we employ a modified interface profile consisting of Mg0.01Zn0.99O/ZnO with a thin (2nm) MgxZn1-xO interlayer with x ranging from 0.005 to 0.4. This interlayer design allows us to investigate scattering mechanisms at a nearly constant carrier density as the interlayer is found not to significantly affect the carrier density but enhance alloy disorder. While the transport scattering time (τtr) shows a strong correlation with x, the quantum scattering time (τq) remains insensitive to x. The large variation in the τtr/τq ratio (from 16.2 to 1.5 corresponding to x from 0.005 to 0.4) implies a change in the dominant scattering mechanism from long range towards short range with increasing x. The insensitivity of τq on x indicates the scattering rate is not dominated by the alloy disorder. This implies that other scattering mechanisms, likely unintentional background impurities or remote surface disorders, are dominant in limiting τq, and therefore providing a prospect for pursuing ever higher levels in the quality of the two-dimensional electron system in MgxZn1-xO/ZnO system.
Associative effects between Arachis pintoi and dwarf elephantgrass hays on nutritional value in sheep
Authors: Dall-Orsoletta A. C. , Reiter T. , Kozloski G. V. , Niderkorn V. , Ribeiro-Filho H. M. N.
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of including different levels of peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) hay (167 and 572 g/kg dry matter (DM) of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre respectively) on the nutritional value of diets based on dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Shum, cv. Kurumi) hay (98 and 668 g/kg DM of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre respectively). Peanut hay was included in the proportions of 0.0, 0.33, 0.66 and 1.00 of total diet DM. Eight Texel × Suffolk crossbred wethers provided with duodenal cannula were assigned to the treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin-square experiment. The organic matter (OM) intake increased linearly (P < 0.05) and the total apparent OM digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with an increasing inclusion of legume. The nitrogen (N) intake and N urinary excretion increased linearly (P < 0.05), whereas linear and quadratic responses were significant for digestible OM intake, N retention, and for the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis. Cubic positive responses were significant (P < 0.05) for duodenal flow of total N, non-ammonia-N and rumen microbial-N. The inclusion of A. pintoi in dwarf elephantgrass-based diets improved the nutrient supply to sheep, but no additive effect was observed as a result of increasing the peanut proportion in the mixed diet.
Spatial distribution and temporal variability of open fire in China
Authors: Yi Kunpeng , Bao Yulong , Zhang Jiquan
Published: January 2017

This study presents the spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation fires in China based on a combination of national fire records (1950–2010) and satellite fire data (2001–12). This analysis presents the first attempt to understand existing patterns of open fires and their consequences for the whole of China. We analysed inter- and intra-annual fire trends and variations in nine subregions of China as well as associated monthly meteorological data from 130 stations within a 50-year period. During the period 2001–12, an average area of 3.2 × 106 ha was consumed by fire per year in China. The Chinese fire season has two peaks occurring in the spring and autumn. The profiles of the burnt area for each subregion exhibit distinct seasonality. The majority of the vegetation fires occurred in the north-eastern and south-western provinces. We analysed quantitative relationships between climate (temperature and precipitation) and burnt area. The results indicate a synchronous relationship between precipitation variation and burnt area. The data in this paper reveal how climate and human activities interact to create China’s distinctive pyrogeography.
Shifting diets and the rise of male-biased inequality on the Central Plains of China during Eastern Zhou
Authors: Dong Yu , Morgan Chelsea , Chinenov Yurii , Zhou Ligang , Fan Wenquan , Ma Xiaolin , Pechenkina Kate
Published: January 2017

Significance

Male-biased inequality in Imperial China imposed strong limitations on the economic and intellectual contribution of women to the society and fostered male-biased resource distribution, because females were subordinated to the priorities of the patriarchal state. Analyzing human skeletal remains from early agricultural and later preimperial archaeological sites, we find no evidence of inequality between males and females in early farming communities. The observed differences between male and female skeletons from Eastern Zhou archaeological contexts allow us to infer a decline in female social status after the introduction of new crop plants and domesticated herbivores in preimperial China. The analysis reveals that male-biased inequality and subsistence change became intertwined with the rise of social complexity.
COX2/mPGES1/PGE
2
pathway regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Prima Victor , Kaliberova Lyudmila N. , Kaliberov Sergey , Curiel David T. , Kusmartsev Sergei
Published: January 2017

Significance

Programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1)–expressing cells mediate tumor evasion from immune system by suppressing activated T lymphocytes. A bioactive lipid prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) formed from arachidonic acid by COXs and PGE
2
synthases (PGESs) facilitates both cancer inflammation and immune suppression. Here, we show that tumor cells can induce PD-L1 expression in bone marrow–derived cells by affecting PGE
2
metabolism in hematopoietic cells. The tumor-induced PD-L1 expression was limited to the myeloid cell lineage and, specifically, to the macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Collectively, the obtained results demonstrate that selective inhibition of PGE
2
-forming enzymes COX2, murine PGES1, or genetic overexpression of PGE
2
-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase could provide a novel approach to regulate both PGE
2
levels and PD-L1 expression in cancer, thus alleviating the immune suppression and stimulating antitumor immune response.
Spectroscopic evidence for bulk-band inversion and three-dimensional massive Dirac fermions in ZrTe
5
Authors: Chen Zhi-Guo , Chen R. Y. , Zhong R. D. , Schneeloch John , Zhang C. , Huang Y. , Qu Fanming , Yu Rui , Li Q. , Gu G. D. , Wang N. L.
Published: January 2017

Significance

Experimental verifications of the theoretically predicted topological insulators (TIs) are essential steps toward the applications of the topological quantum phenomena. In the past, theoretically predicted TIs were mostly verified by the measurements of the topological surface states. However, as another key feature of the nontrivial topology in TIs, an inversion between the bulk bands has rarely been observed by experiments. Here, by studying the optical transitions between the bulk LLs of ZrTe
5
, we not only offer spectroscopic evidence for the bulk-band inversion—the crossing of the two zeroth LLs in a magnetic field, but also quantitatively demonstrate three-dimensional massive Dirac fermions with nearly linear band dispersions in ZrTe
5
. Our investigation provides a paradigm for identifying TI states in candidate materials.
Pathogen-mediated manipulation of arthropod microbiota to promote infection
Authors: Abraham Nabil M. , Liu Lei , Jutras Brandon Lyon , Yadav Akhilesh K. , Narasimhan Sukanya , Gopalakrishnan Vissagan , Ansari Juliana M. , Jefferson Kimberly K. , Cava Felipe , Jacobs-Wagner Christine , Fikrig Erol
Published: January 2017

Significance

The importance of arthropod microbiota in the capacity of pathogens (including malaria and flaviviruses, among others) to persist in vectors and cause infection is just beginning to be appreciated. The influence of pathogens, either directly or indirectly, to manipulate vector microbiota for their own benefit, has not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that a pathogen can use an arthropod molecule to alter vector microbiota and enhance infection. We believe that this work will help others consider that pathogens are not passive microbes when they enter the arthropod vector but actively influence vector gene expression that can manipulate the local environment (in this case the microbiota) and facilitate pathogen infection of the vector.
Development of chronic allergic responses by dampening Bcl6-mediated suppressor activity in memory T helper 2 cells
Authors: Ogasawara Takashi , Hatano Masahiko , Satake Hisae , Ikari Jun , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Tsuruoka Nobuhide , Watanabe-Takano Haruko , Fujimura Lisa , Sakamoto Akemi , Hirata Hirokuni , Sugiyama Kumiya , Fukushima Yasutsugu , Nakae Susumu , Matsumoto Kenji , Saito Hirohisa , Fukuda Takeshi , Kurasawa Kazuhiro , Tatsumi Koichiro , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Arima Masafumi
Published: January 2017

Significance

It has been suggested that the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 suppresses T helper 2 (TH2) immune responses underlying allergic diseases. However, the molecular role of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) in TH2 cells is incompletely understood in pathophysiological settings. We found that Bcl6 suppressed cytokine production in memory TH2 cells through binding to intron 2 of theInterkeukin 4(Il4) locus using murine models. Furthermore, IL-33 controlled Bcl6 function at the chromatin level and consequently, augmented cytokine production in memory TH2 cells. Therefore, pro-TH2 cytokines, such as IL-33, play a role in chronic allergic diseases via the functional breakdown of Bcl6. This study identifies a relationship between TH2-promoting factors and Bcl6 in TH2 cells, which may lead to therapeutic strategies against chronic allergic diseases.
Biophysical properties of the clinical-stage antibody landscape
Authors: Jain Tushar , Sun Tingwan , Durand Stéphanie , Hall Amy , Houston Nga Rewa , Nett Juergen H. , Sharkey Beth , Bobrowicz Beata , Caffry Isabelle , Yu Yao , Cao Yuan , Lynaugh Heather , Brown Michael , Baruah Hemanta , Gray Laura T. , Krauland Eric M. , Xu Yingda , Vásquez Maximiliano , Wittrup K. Dane
Published: January 2017

Significance

In addition to binding to a desired target molecule, all antibody drugs must also meet a set of criteria regarding the feasibility of their manufacture, stability in storage, and absence of off-target stickiness. This suite of characteristics is often termed “developability.” We present here a comprehensive analysis of these properties for essentially the full set of antibody drugs that have been tested in phase-2 or -3 clinical trials, or are approved by the FDA. Surprisingly, many of the drugs or candidates in this set exhibit properties that indicate significant developability risks; however, the number of such red warning flags decreases with advancement toward approval. This reference dataset should help prioritize future drug candidates for development.
Molecular imaging of biological systems with a clickable dye in the broad 800- to 1,700-nm near-infrared window
Authors: Zhu Shoujun , Yang Qinglai , Antaris Alexander L. , Yue Jingying , Ma Zhuoran , Wang Huasen , Huang Wei , Wan Hao , Wang Joy , Diao Shuo , Zhang Bo , Li Xiaoyang , Zhong Yeteng , Yu Kuai , Hong Guosong , Luo Jian , Liang Yongye , Dai Hongjie
Published: January 2017

Significance

Fluorescence-based optical imaging is an important tool allowing researchers and clinicians to molecularly probe wide-ranging biological structures and processes. To break through the traditional molecular imaging window spanning from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR)-I (400–900 nm) region for imaging multiplicity, newly designed and ultrapurified fluorescent probe-antibody conjugates with fluorescence emissions in the NIR-II region (1,000–1,700 nm) have been developed. These NIR-II probes can reduce background autofluorescence for deep-tissue molecular imaging in a 3D imaging mode. These probes open up more and deeper nonoverlapping molecular imaging channels for complex biological systems.
Structure of eukaryotic CMG helicase at a replication fork and implications to replisome architecture and origin initiation
Authors: Georgescu Roxana , Yuan Zuanning , Bai Lin , de Luna Almeida Santos Ruda , Sun Jingchuan , Zhang Dan , Yurieva Olga , Li Huilin , O’Donnell Michael E.
Published: January 2017

Significance

All cellular life forms use a ring-shaped hexameric helicase during DNA replication. CMG (Cdc45, Mcm2–7, GINS) is the eukaryotic replicative helicase. CMG contains the ring-shaped hexameric Mcm2–7 that harbors the helicase motors. CMG is known to bind many other proteins, including a leading and lagging polymerase and primase. Thus, the threading of DNA through the CMG helicase at a replication fork determines the orientation of the associated polymerases at the replication fork, an important structural feature with many consequences that may direct future experimentation. This report uses cryo-EM single-particle reconstruction to image CMG that motored to a block site at a forked junction, enabling direct visualization of DNA threading through CMG.
Training and development of Canadian wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Dehghansai N. , Lemez S. , Wattie N. , Baker J.
Published: January 2017

Considering the growth in research, examining the development of mainstream sport athletes over the past two decades, studies examining development of athletes with disabilities have been surprisingly limited. While similarities in developmental trajectories between the two cohorts may exist regarding factors such as the value of practice, which tend to be universal regardless of context, disability‐related issues (e.g. whether the disability was congenital or acquired) may influence the course of development, affecting variables such as starting age, training and developmental milestones. Fifty‐two male and female athletes training with the Wheelchair Basketball Canada National Academy provided detailed training histories. Athletes illustrated similar developmental patterns (e.g. milestones, training adjustments) as they progressed through their sporting career. However, athletes with congenital disabilities started participation in wheelchair basketball and unorganised practice at significantly younger ages (t 49 = −4.35, p < .001, d = 1.32; t 49 = −3.49, p < .001, d = 1.03, respectively). While athletes with congenital disabilities continued to reach a majority of the sporting milestones at younger ages, athletes with acquired disabilities were able to reach late career milestones (e.g. national debuts) at similar ages. Athletes’ disability severity did not influence their progress through the developmental milestones and time devoted to training throughout their sporting career. Future work may consider examining developmental trajectories and training histories of athletes in various parasports to extend our understanding of their development and skill acquisition.
The struggle for the Islamic supremacy
Authors: Kalout Hussein
Published: January 2017

In the 5 years following the Arab Uprisings, it is apparent that the Middle East and Islamic world are undergoing a profound sociopolitical reconfiguration. The rise of armed resistance groups and the clash of nationalisms between secular and religious movements have only served to undermine regional stability and deepened the fragmentation of the social cohesion. As a consequence, many Arab countries are immersed in a process of counterrevolution and experience deep cleavages. A number of these have been categorized as sectarian in nature, between Sunni and Shi’a, yet this article seeks to show that the term requires broader intellectual development to understand contemporary events. To this end, it engages with the term by looking at the rise of Islamist groups and their evolution across the twentieth century, to stress that socioeconomic contexts are also important in shaping the emergence of groups that are described as sectarian in nature. From this position, we are better placed to understand the fluid nature of domestic and geopolitical change across the Middle East and Islamic world.
Natural killer cell granules converge to avoid collateral damage
Authors: Ritter Alex T. , Mellman Ira
Published: January 2017

To clear infection, cytotoxic lymphocytes must destroy target cells while avoiding nonspecific killing of surrounding healthy cells. In this issue, Hsu et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201604136) use live-cell imaging to show that lytic granule convergence protects bystander cells from unintended death by promoting polarized secretion of soluble cytolytic proteins toward the intended target.