bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Peripheral Neuromas of the Hand and Forearm
Authors: El-Gammal Yousif Tarek , Cardenas-Mateus Laura , Tsai Tsu Min
Published: April 2023

The choice of a specific technique for surgical treatment of neuromas remains a problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the overall effectiveness of surgery as well as to find out whether certain surgical procedures are more effective than others. Twenty-nine patients operated between 1998 and 2018 and followed for at least 12 months were reviewed. Clinical assessment included the identification of a pre- and postoperative Tinel sign, pain visual analog score, two-point discrimination (2PD), and grip strength. Mechanisms of injury included clean lacerations (11), crush injuries (11), and other trauma or surgery (7). Mean time from presentation to surgery was 9 months. Seven surgical procedures involving excision in 10 patients and excision and nerve repair in 19 patients were performed. Pain score improved from an average of 7.1 ± 2.3 to 1.8 ± 1.7 with 27 patients (93%) reporting mild or no postoperative pain. Nine patients complained of residual scar hypersensitivity and six patients had residual positive Tinel. No patient required an additional surgical procedure. 2PD improved from an average of 9.6 ± 4.0 to 6.8 ± 1.0. The improvement of pain score and 2PD was statistically significant. Nerve repair resulted in marginally better outcomes, in terms of 2PD and grip strength recovery, than excision alone. The mechanism of injury, zone of involvement, time to intervention, or length of follow-up did not have an impact on the outcomes. Although patient numbers in this study are large in comparison to previous studies, larger patient numbers will allow for a multivariate analysis, which can be possible with a prospective multicenter trial.
Restorative Treatment Considerations for Black Triangle: A Case Series
Authors: Yusof Hazira M. , Abdul Hayei Nur Ayman
Published: April 2023

The interdental papilla is of utmost importance in smile aesthetics. Missing interdental tissue often raises an aesthetic concern; however, the issue is more than just an aesthetic complication. This study reviews the most commonly seen cases and methods to minimize the aesthetic complications caused by missing interdental tissue. The technique that will be discussed is from nonsurgical techniques, including composite restoration, indirect restorations, and gingival veneer. This article is clinically relevant in educating clinicians on various methods to restore and improve the optics that arise from a missing interdental papilla.
Effectiveness of Preoperative Red Cell Preparation and Intraoperative Massive Transfusion in Brain Tumor Operation
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Sae-heng Sakchai , Oearsakul Thakul , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon , Taweesomboonyat Chin
Published: April 2023

Background Excessive requests for preoperative packed red cell (PRC) preparation have been noted, resulting in waste of blood products and higher costs in brain tumor surgery. The objectives of the present study were as follows: (1) the primary objective was to assess the effectiveness index of blood preparation and utilization; (2) the secondary objective was to explore factors associated with intraoperative PRC transfusion; and (3) the third objective was to identify the prevalence and analyze risk factors of massive transfusion.

Methods A retrospective cohort study was done on patients who had undergone brain tumor operations. The effectiveness indexes of preoperative PRC preparation and intraoperative utilization were calculated as follows: the crossmatch to transfusion (C/T) ratio, transfusion probability (Tp), and transfusion index (Ti). Additionally, factors associated with intraoperative PRC transfusion and massive transfusion were analyzed.

Results There were 1,708 brain tumor patients and overall C/T, Tp, and Ti were 3.27, 45.54%, and 1.10, respectively. Prevalence of intraoperative PRC transfusion was 44.8%, and meningioma, intraosseous/skull-based tumor, and tumor size were linked with massive transfusion.

Conclusion Unnecessary preoperative blood component preparation for brain tumor surgery was noticed in routine practice. Exploring intraoperative transfusion variables has been challenged in optimizing crossmatch and actual use.
Stages of organizational development and employee assistance programs in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yin-Che , Chen Yun-Chu , Chu Hui-Chuang
Published: April 2023

Employee assistance programs (EAPs) provide work, living, and health services to help employees overcome personal and organizational obstacles that affect their productivity. Most businesses in Taiwan are small or medium-sized, and their scale, stage of development, and resources affect their implementation of EAPs. This study explored EAPs and related measures that organizations can implement in each stage of their development. The results may serve as a reference for human resources personnel in planning EAPs, specifically in identifying appropriate measures to implement for each developmental stage of their organizations. The modified Delphi method and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process were used to organize and analyze key EAP measures and their weights during the creation, guidance, authorization, coordination, and collaboration stages of organizational development. Data analysis revealed that in all five stages of organizational development, work-related EAP measures are the most crucial. As an organization transitions from the creation to collaboration stages, the work dimension is neglected in favor of the health dimension. In the authorization stage, the organization begins to provide a wider range of services in the living dimension. The results and other information regarding EAP service models indicate that in each developmental stage, an organization should adopt a different EAP service model that suits its resources, organizational structure, implementation of EAP measures, and other factors.
Trapped in the past: trauma in The Sins of the Mother and Outside Time
Authors: Bayoumy Heidi Mohamed
Published: April 2023

This study examines the dramatization of trauma and post traumatic effects in two selected plays: The Sins of the Mother (2008) and Out of Time (2009). The Sins of the Mother is an American play written by Tony Devaney Morinelli that revolves around the plight of an Irish American family struggling because of the repeated pattern of the violent alcoholic mother who suppresses her daughters. In this respect, the play shows the effect of domestic violence. More importantly, the play emphasizes the cyclic nature of traumatic experiences: the daughters eventually inherit the mothers’ sins and repeat their oppressive behavior, as clear in Marie, the mother, and her daughters Ellen and Rose. Out of Time is an Iraqi play that deals with the inability of an Iraqi woman to escape her traumatic memories. Based on The Feast of the Goat by Mario Vargas LIosa and adapted by The Actor Studio, the play is focused on Zahra, the protagonist, who recounts her painful memories that underscore the misery of Iraqis during Saddam Hussein’s regime and even after its fall. Both plays show the effect of the traumatic past on the characters who are unable to forget, escape, or even cope with painful memories. The aim of this paper is thus to explore these traumatic experiences in the two plays and their dramatization on stage in flashbacks and in scenes in which there is simultaneous existence of the past and present through the lens of Literary Trauma Studies.
From one Darwin to another: Charles Darwin’s annotations to Erasmus Darwin’s ‘The Temple of Nature’
Authors: Hernández-Avilez Eva Guadalupe , Ruiz-Gutiérrez Rosaura
Published: April 2023

In the history of evolutionary thought, it has often been said that ideas on the transformation of species found in the work of Erasmus Darwin, principally as set forth in hisThe Temple of Nature(1803), inspired his grandson’s theory of evolution. However, little historical evidence has been produced to back up this claim. Based on a physical examination of Charles Darwin’s own copy ofThe Temple of Nature, this paper presents the 25 markings Darwin made in the book as evidence of his interest in and familiarity with Erasmus Darwin’s ideas on the change over time across species. This finding contradicts previous statements reporting only two annotations, which suggested he had little to no interest in the book. This paper purposes that Charles Darwin’s annotations indicate his and his grandfather’s shared interest in the competition for reproduction (sexual selection) and point to a more remarkable resemblance between Erasmus Darwin’sThe Temple of Natureand Charles Darwin’sThe Descent of Man(1871) rather than to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by means of natural selection (The Origin of Species), to which Erasmus’s ideas are more often compared.
The antecedents of MNC political risk and uncertainty under right-wing populist governments
Authors: Sallai Dorottya , Schnyder Gerhard , Kinderman Daniel , Nölke Andreas
Published: April 2023

Right-wing populist parties who obtain governmental power rely on ethno-nationalist mobilization for domestic legitimacy. They may therefore adopt policies that explicitly seek to disadvantage foreign multinational corporations (MNCs). Understanding what factors increase a foreign MNC’s exposure to adverse action by right-wing populists is an understudied question in the field of international business policy. We investigate this question in post-socialist member states of the European Union, which constitute extreme cases of right-wing populist government power. As such, they constitute a fertile ground to further our theoretical understanding of the distinction between calculable political risk and incalculable political uncertainty. Through a case study-based theory-building approach, which draws on existing literature and interview data, we derive a series of propositions and develop a research agenda. We identify factors at the country-, sector-, and firm-level that influence exposure to adverse policy action by host-country governments. We explore when political risk may turn into political uncertainty and provide suggestions to foreign MNCs operating in right-wing populist contexts on how to reduce this uncertainty. Our study provides insights for policy makers too, who should be aware of the impact political shifts towards right-wing populist governments have on political uncertainty for foreign companies.
Time-dependent saturation and physics-based nonlinear model of cross-beam energy transfer
Authors: Yin L. , Nguyen T. B. , Chen G. , Chacon L. , Stark D. J. , Green L. , Haines B. M.
Published: April 2023

The nonlinear physics of cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) for multi-speckled laser beams is examined using large-scale particle-in-cell simulations for a range of laser and plasma conditions relevant to indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. The time-dependent growth and saturation of CBET involve complex, nonlinear ion and electron dynamics, including ion trapping-induced enhancement and detuning, ion acoustic wave (IAW) nonlinearity, oblique forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS), and backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (BSBS) in a CBET-amplified seed beam. Ion-trapping-induced detuning of CBET is captured in the kinetic linear response by a new δf-Gaussian-mixture algorithm, enabling an accurate characterization of trapping-induced non-Maxwellian distributions. Ion trapping induces nonlinear processes, such as changes to the IAW dispersion and nonlinearities (e.g., bowing and self-focusing), which, together with pump depletion, FSRS, and BSBS, determine the time-dependent nature and level of CBET gain as the system approaches a steady state. Using VPIC simulations at intensities at and above the onset threshold for ion trapping and the insight from the time-dependent saturation analyses, we construct a nonlinear CBET model from local laser and plasma conditions that predicts the CBET gain and the energy deposition into the plasma. This model is intended to provide a more accurate, physics-based description of CBET saturation over a wide range of conditions encountered in ICF hohlraums compared with linear CBET gain models with ad hoc saturation clamps often used in laser ray-based methods in multi-physics codes.
Numerical simulation of the large-gap and small-gap pre-ionized direct-current glow discharges in atmospheric helium
Authors: Liu Zaihao , Liu Yinghua , Ran Shuang , Xu Boping , Yin Peiqi , Li Jing , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Wang Hui , Tang Jie
Published: April 2023

A one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model was employed to comparatively investigate the influence of pre-ionization on the helium direct-current glow discharge in the large gap and the small gap at atmospheric pressure. For the large-gap and small-gap discharges, the negative glow space and the cathode fall layer are both offset to the cathode with the increase in pre-ionization, which is mainly ascribed to the decrease in charged particle density in the original negative glow space as a result of the increased probability of collision and recombination between ions and electrons, and the new balance between the positive and negative charges established at the distance closer to the cathode. The electron density tends to grow in the negative glow space due to the elevated pre-ionization, while the ion density exhibits an overall downward tendency in the cathode fall layer because the increase in secondary electrons produces more newly born electrons that neutralize more ions via the recombination reaction. Thanks to the pre-ionization, a significant reduction of sustaining voltage and discharge power is obtained in both the large-gap and small-gap discharges. A remarkable characteristic is that the absent positive column in the small-gap discharge comes into being again due to the pre-ionization. Moreover, with the increase in the pre-ionization level, the potential fall shifts from the cathode fall layer to the positive column in the large-gap discharge, while it is always concentrated in the cathode fall layer in the small-gap discharge.
Spatial distribution modulation of laser-accelerated charged particles with micro-tube structures
Authors: Wang Q. S. , Qin C. Y. , Zhang H. , Li S. , Li A. X. , Wang N. W. , Lu X. M. , Li J. F. , Xu R. J. , Wang C. , Liang X. Y. , Leng Y. X. , Shen B. F. , Ji L. L.
Published: April 2023

We present experimental studies on the spatial distribution of charged particles using a linearly polarized femtosecond laser interacting with a micro-structure target composed of micro-tube structure and planar foil. For protons, a six-lobed structure was observed in the low-energy region, while a smaller angular divergence was measured in the high-energy region. Electron distribution exhibits a circular distribution at low energies and double-lobed structure at high energies. These results are well reproduced by 3D particle-in-cell simulations, showing that the profile of electrons driven by a laser pulse is manipulated by the micro-tube structure, which maps into the spatial distribution of protons via a strong charge separation field. These results demonstrate the effect of micro-structures on laser-driven particle sources and provide a possible approach for spatial manipulation of the particle beams.
Photoionization of the water molecule with XCHEM
Authors: Fernández-Milán P. , Borràs V. J. , González-Vázquez J. , Martín F.
Published: April 2023

We have evaluated total and partial photoionization cross sections, β asymmetry parameters, and molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) of the water molecule by using the XCHEM methodology. This method accounts for electron correlation in the electronic continuum, which is crucial to describe Feshbach resonances and their autoionization decay. We have identified a large number of Feshbach resonances, some of them previously unknown, in the region between 12.2 and 18.7 eV, for which we provide energy positions and widths. Many of these resonances lead to pronounced peaks in the photoionization spectra, some of them remarkably wide (up to 0.2 eV, for resonances converging to the third ionization threshold), which should be observable in high-energy resolution experiments. We show that, in the vicinity of these peaks, both asymmetry parameters and MFPADs vary very rapidly with photoelectron energy, which, as in atoms and simpler molecules, reflects the interference between direct ionization and autoionization, which is mostly driven by electron correlation.
Harmonic structure of the nonlinear force on a fixed ship-shaped floating production, storage and offloading vessel under dispersive phase-focused wave groups
Authors: Chen Hao , Qian Ling , Cao Deping
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the harmonic structure of hydrodynamic forces on a fixed and simplified representative floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel hull under dispersive phase-focused wave groups. The high-fidelity numerical model utilizes the two-phase flow solver in the open-source toolbox OpenFOAM. A series of cases were computed using the numerical model, where the effects of wave steepness, bow diameter, and length of the FPSO are investigated. It is found that given an FPSO under different wave steepness, the non-dimensional inline force exhibits remarkable similarity in terms of the temporal development. The harmonic structure of the inline force is only weakly dependent on the steepness of the incident wave group and the bow diameter, but strongly dependent on the FPSO length. When k p L = 2.27, where L is the length of the FPSO and kp is the wave number at peak frequency, the incident wave group is diffracted significantly by the FPSO. The entire wave–structure interaction process is largely linear, where transfer between different harmonics is rarely seen. However, when kpL is further reduced to 0.57, globally the disturbance of the FPSO on the far field incident wave group is reduced, but locally a strongly nonlinear flow occurs at the rear of the FPSO, where severe run-up occurs at the downstream stagnation point. Higher-order harmonics of inline forces are excited, and the interaction process becomes much more nonlinear.
Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface
Authors: Li Tianyou , Chen Yanjie , Wang Yongtian , Zentgraf Thomas , Huang Lingling
Published: April 2023

The achievement of a flat metasurface has realized extraordinary control over light–matter interaction at the nanoscale, enabling widespread use in imaging, holography, and biophotonics. However, three-dimensional metasurfaces with the potential to provide additional light–matter manipulation flexibility attract only little interest. Here, we demonstrate a three-dimensional metasurface scheme capable of providing dual phase control through out-of-plane plasmonic resonance of L-shape antennas. Under circularly polarized excitation at a specific wavelength, the L-shape antennas with rotating orientation angle act as spatially variant three-dimensional tilted dipoles and are able to generate desire phase delay for different polarization components. Generalized Snell's law is achieved for both in-plane and out-of-plane dipole components through arranging such L-shape antennas into arrays. These three-dimensional metasurfaces suggest a route for wavefront modulation and a variety of nanophotonic applications.
Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 polymorphs from 80 to 500 K
Authors: Li Qinshu , Levit Or , Yalon Eilam , Sun Bo
Published: April 2023

We report the thermal conductivity of amorphous, cubic, and hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5 using time-domain thermoreflectance from 80 to 500 K. The measured thermal conductivities are 0.20 W m−1 K−1 for amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5, 0.63 W m−1 K−1 for the cubic phase, and 1.45 W m−1 K−1 for the hexagonal phase at room temperature. For amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5, the thermal conductivity increases monotonically with temperature when T < 300 K, showing a typical glass-like temperature dependence, and increases dramatically after heating up to 435 K due to partial crystallization to the cubic phase. For hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5, electronic contribution to thermal conductivity is significant. The lattice thermal conductivity of the hexagonal phase shows a relatively low value of 0.47 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature and has a temperature dependence of T−1 when T > 100 K, suggesting that phonon–phonon scattering dominates its lattice thermal conductivity. Although cubic Ge2Sb2Te5 has a similar grain size to hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5, its thermal conductivity shows a glass-like trend like that of the amorphous phase, indicating a high concentration of vacancies that strongly scatter heat-carrying phonons. These thermal transport mechanisms of Ge2Sb2Te5 polymorphs help improve the thermal design of phase change memory devices for more energy-efficient non-volatile memory.
Investigation of Ultraviolet-C light-emitting diode for airborne disinfection in air duct
Authors: Loganathan Nitin , Velayutham Uvarajan M.
Published: April 2023

Given the current coronavirus (COVID-19) situation around the world, we may have to face a long-term battle with coronavirus. It is necessary to prepare and stay resilient with some other techniques to improve air quality in buildings, especially in clinics and hospitals. In this paper, we have developed Ultraviolet-C (UVC) light-emitting diode (LED) modules which can be implemented in air ducts in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system for airborne disinfection. An LED module is designed with LED panels as the basic unit so that it is easy to scale up to accommodate for air ducts with different sizes. Both experiments and simulations are carried out to study its disinfection performance. The results show that more than 76% and 85% of the pathogen can be inactivated within 60 and 90 min, respectively, in a meeting room with a volume of 107 m3 by using one LED module. Simulations for two LED modules show that the disinfection efficacy is more than two times compared to that of one LED module. In addition to the pathogen used in the experiments, the disinfection performance of the LED module for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus based on the literature is investigated numerically. It shows that more than 99.70% of pathogens receive UV dose larger than 4.47 J/m2, leading to an almost 89.10% disinfection rate for SARS-CoV-2 virus within one hour using the two LED modules in the same meeting room.
High conductivity in Ge-doped AlN achieved by a non-equilibrium process
Authors: Bagheri Pegah , Quiñones-Garcia Cristyan , Khachariya Dolar , Loveless James , Guan Yan , Rathkanthiwar Shashwat , Reddy Pramod , Kirste Ronny , Mita Seiji , Tweedie James , Collazo Ramón , Sitar Zlatko
Published: April 2023

Highly conductive Ge-doped AlN with conductivity of 0.3 (Ω cm)−1 and electron concentration of 2 × 1018 cm−3 was realized via a non-equilibrium process comprising ion implantation and annealing at a moderate thermal budget. Similar to a previously demonstrated shallow donor state in Si-implanted AlN, Ge implantation also showed a shallow donor behavior in AlN with an ionization energy ∼80 meV. Ge showed a 3× higher conductivity than its Si counterpart for a similar doping level. Photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated that higher conductivity for Ge-doped AlN was achieved primarily due to lower compensation. This is the highest n-type conductivity reported for AlN doped with Ge to date and demonstration of technologically useful conductivity in Ge-doped AlN.
Suppression of cross-infection in actual dental office using viscoelastic polyacrylate solution as a handpiece coolant
Authors: Yarin Alexander L.
Published: April 2023

In the present work, aqueous solutions of NaPAA [poly (sodium acrylate)] or PAA [polyacrylic acid] are used as the coolants for a dental handpiece to evaluate their suppressive effect on the aerosolization and bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) transmission in an actual dental environment. Both polymer solutions significantly suppressed the formation of aerosols (<50 μm) and droplets (50–100 μm). The suppression effect was stronger at higher concentrations. The 10 and 20 wt. % of viscous Newtonian solutions of low-molecular weight NaPAA were much less effective in disintegration suppression than the viscoelastic 1 and 2 wt. % PAA solutions. The latter was capable of complete suppression of disintegration, forming instead long liquid threads attached to the rotating bur and settling down underneath. The suppression efficiency of the 2 wt. % PAA solution stems from significant elastic forces in it which prevent drop detachment. In the case of water used as a coolant, the bacterial spread was observed through aerosol, droplets, and splatter. The bacterial spread by large splatters was inversely proportional to the distance from the rotating bur. The spread of aerosols significantly occurred in the direction that the handpiece was facing, and multiple airborne aerosols settled on the wall rather than on the floor. On the other hand, the viscoelastic aqueous 2 wt. % PAA solution suppressed bacterial spread, regardless of the distance or direction.
The impact of QTL sharing and properties on multi-breed GWAS in cattle: a simulation study
Authors: van den Berg Irene , MacLeod Iona M.
Published: April 2023

Context Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses can be used to detect variants that affect quantitative traits. Multi-breed GWAS may lead to increased power and precision compared with within-breed GWAS. However, not all causal variants segregate in all breeds, and variants that segregate in multiple breeds may have different allele frequencies in different breeds. It is not known how differences in minor allele frequency (MAF) affect multi-breed GWAS and meta-analyses. Aims Our aim was to study the impact of differences in MAF at causal variants on mapping power and precision. Methods We used real imputed sequence data to simulate quantitative traits in three dairy cattle breeds. Causal variants (QTN) were simulated according to the following three scenarios: variants with a similar MAF in all breeds, variants with a lower MAF in one breed than the other, and variants that each only segregated in one of the breeds. We analysed the simulated quantitative traits with three methods to compare mapping power and precision: within-breed GWAS, multi-breed GWAS and meta-analysis. Key results Our results indicated that the multi-breed analyses (multi-breed GWAS or meta-analysis) detected similar or more QTN than did within-breed GWAS, with improved mapping precision in most scenarios. However, when MAF differed between breeds, or variants were breed specific, the advantage of the multi-breed analyses over within breed GWAS decreased. Regardless of the type of QTN (similar MAF in all breeds, different MAF in different breeds, or only segregating in one breed), multi-breed GWAS and meta-analyses performed similar or better than did within-breed GWAS, demonstrating the benefits of multi-breed GWAS. We did not find large differences between the results obtained with the meta-analysis and multi-breed GWAS, confirming that a meta-analysis can be a suitable approximation of a multi-breed GWAS. Conclusions Our results showed that multi-breed GWAS and meta-analysis generally detect more QTN with improved precision than does within-breed GWAS, and that even with differences in MAF, multi-breed analyses did not perform worse than within-breed GWAS. Implications Our study confirmed the benefits of multi-breed GWAS and meta-analysis.
GINS4 suppresses ferroptosis by antagonizing p53 acetylation with Snail
Authors: Chen Ling , Cai Qidong , Yang Rui , Wang Haiyan , Ling Huli , Li Tiansheng , Liu Na , Wang Zuli , Sun Jingyue , Tao Tania , Shi Ying , Cao Ya , Wang Xiang , Xiao Desheng , Liu Shuang , Tao Yongguang
Published: April 2023

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative, nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death caused by the destruction of redox homeostasis. Recent studies have uncovered complex cellular networks that regulate ferroptosis. GINS4 is a promoter of eukaryotic G
1
/S
-
cell cycle as a regulator of initiation and elongation of DNA replication, but little is known about its impact on ferroptosis. Here, we found that GINS4 was involved in the regulation of ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GINS4 KO facilitated ferroptosis. Interestingly, depletion of GINS4 could effectively induce G1, G
1
/S, S, and G
2
/M cells to ferroptosis, especially for G2/M cells. Mechanistically, GINS4 suppressed p53 stability through activating Snail that antagonized the acetylation of p53, and p53 lysine residue 351 (K351 for human p53) was the key site for GINS4-suppressed p53-mediated ferroptosis. Together, our data demonstrate that GINS4 is a potential oncogene in LUAD that functions to destabilize p53 and then inhibits ferroptosis, providing a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
Colloidal superionic conductors
Authors: Lin Yange , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: April 2023

Nanoparticles with highly asymmetric sizes and charges that self-assemble into crystals via electrostatics may exhibit behaviors reminiscent of those of metals or superionic materials. Here, we use coarse-grained molecular simulations with underdamped Langevin dynamics to explore how a binary charged colloidal crystal reacts to an external electric field. As the field strength increases, we find transitions from insulator (ionic state), to superionic (conductive state), to laning, to complete melting (liquid state). In the superionic state, the resistivity decreases with increasing temperature, which is contrary to metals, yet the increment decreases as the electric field becomes stronger. Additionally, we verify that the dissipation of the system and the fluctuation of charge currents obey recently developed thermodynamic uncertainty relation. Our results describe charge transport mechanisms in colloidal superionic conductors.
Multilayer WSe2/ZnO heterojunctions for self-powered, broadband, and high-speed photodetectors
Authors: Ghanbari Hamidreza , Abnavi Amin , Hasani Amirhossein , Kabir Fahmid , Ahmadi Ribwar , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Fawzy Mirette , De Silva Thushani , Adachi Michael M
Published: April 2023

Self-powered broadband photodetectors have attracted great interest due to their applications in biomedical imaging, integrated circuits, wireless communication systems, and optical switches. Recently, significant research is being carried out to develop high-performance self-powered photodetectors based on thin 2D materials and their heterostructures due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Herein, a vertical heterostructure based on p-type 2D WSe2 and n-type thin film ZnO is realized for photodetectors with a broadband response in the wavelength range of 300–850 nm. Due to the formation of a built-in electric field at the WSe2/ZnO interface and the photovoltaic effect, this structure exhibits a rectifying behavior with a maximum photoresponsivity and detectivity of ∼131 mA W−1 and ∼3.92 × 1010 Jones, respectively, under an incident light wavelength of λ = 300 nm at zero voltage bias. It also shows a 3-dB cut-off frequency of ∼300 Hz along with a fast response time of ∼496 μs, making it suitable for high-speed self-powered optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, the facilitation of charge collection under reverse voltage bias results in a photoresponsivity as high as ∼7160 mA W−1 and a large detectivity of ∼1.18 × 1011 Jones at a bias voltage of −5 V. Hence, the p-WSe2/n-ZnO heterojunction is proposed as an excellent candidate for high-performance, self-powered, and broadband photodetectors.
The butterfly effect: a rising bubble in an enclosed volume
Authors: Valerievich Ivchenko Vladimir
Published: April 2023

If a bubble rises in a liquid-filled and hermetically sealed container, then a significant increase in pressure inside it is possible. We analyse this situation using both the model of an incompressible fluid and taking into account its compressibility. Due to the counter-intuitive nature and mathematical simplicity, this issue will be interesting and accessible for college students.
The behaviour of the argon transport with electron cyclotron resonance heating in J-TEXT
Authors: Yan Wei , Chen Zhongyong , Zhang Xiaolong , Xia Donghui , Shi Yuejiang , Jin Wei , Li Jianchao , Wang Nengchao , Li You , Fang Jiangang , Yang Zhoujun , Chen Zhipeng , Ding Yonghua
Published: April 2023

The transport of impurities is very important for burning plasma; in particular, the accumulation of highly charged impurities will lead to the deterioration of plasma performance and trigger disruption by radiation losses. In order to study impurity transport in Joint Texas EXperimental Tokamak electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) plasmas, argon has been injected at the discharge flattop in an amount approximately 1% that of fuelling hydrogen gas to ensure no significant effect on the discharge. Experimental results show that precursor oscillations with a sawtooth appearance are beneficial for argon ion transport to the wall. The argon behaviour has been modulated by ECRH, with the power deposited inside/outside the sawtooth inverse radius. The ECRH power deposited outside the sawtooth inverse radius can induce larger precursor oscillations in the end of sawtooth and promote the argon transport. The ECRH power deposited inside the sawtooth inverse radius can induce oscillations in the mid-phase of the sawtooth and decrease the core toroidal rotation velocity, which can enhance argon transport. The results of the analysis that these oscillations can lead to an outward convection velocity, which means that the argon ions are transported to the wall. In addition, the oscillations in the mid-phase of the sawtooth can strongly enhance the argon transport.
Flexible gallium oxide electronics
Authors: Tang Xiao , Lu Yi , Li Xiaohang
Published: April 2023

Flexible Ga2O3 devices are becoming increasingly important in the world of electronic products due to their unique properties. As a semiconductor, Ga2O3 has a much higher bandgap, breakdown electric field, and dielectric constant than silicon, making it a great choice for next-generation semiconductor materials. In addition, Ga2O3 is a particularly robust material that can withstand a wide range of temperatures and pressure levels, thus is ideal for harsh environments such as space or extreme temperatures. Finally, its superior electron transport properties enable higher levels of electrical switching speed than traditional semiconducting materials. Endowing Ga2O3-based devices with good mechanical robustness and flexibility is crucial to make them suitable for use in applications such as wearable electronics, implantable electronics, and automotive electronics However, as a typical ceramic material, Ga2O3 is intrinsically brittle and requires high temperatures for its crystallization. Therefore fabricating flexible Ga2O3 devices is not a straightforward task by directly utilizing the commonly used polymer substrates. In this context, in recent years people have developed several fabrication routes, which are the transfer route, in situ room-temperature amorphous route, and in situ high-temperature epitaxy route. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of each technique and evaluate the opportunities for and challenges in realizing the applications of flexible Ga2O3 devices.
Band relaxation triggered by modulational instability in topological photonic lattices
Authors: Mančić A , Leykam D , Maluckov A
Published: April 2023

Modulational instability in topological photonic lattices enables the selective population of energy bands and generation of steady-state wavefields with well-defined topological invariants. This provides a way to measure bulk topological invariants, which determine the number of robust edge modes appearing at the lattice edges via the bulk-edge correspondence. Here we study numerically the process of wave thermalization arising from modulational instability in topological bands. We apply a grand canonical approach to compute the effective temperature β and chemical potential μ of the steady-state wavefields. The steady-state wavefields exhibit a strong wavevector
k
-dependence of β and μ throughout the Brillouin zone, suggesting the existence of a long-lived pre-thermal phase and the absence of thermalization for the moderate propagation times accessible using topological photonic lattices.
Investigation of ELM-related Larmor ion flux into toroidal gaps of divertor target plates
Authors: Krieger K. , Balden M. , Barac M. , Bogdanović Radović I. , Brida D. , Faitsch M. , Gunn J.P. , Markelj S. , Kelemen M. , Manhard A. , de Marne P. , Pitts R.A. , Rohde V.
Published: April 2023

A detailed assessment of the thermo-mechanical limits of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) divertor with respect to potential excessive local transient heat loads due to edge localised modes (ELMs) has revealed a particular power loading scenario arising from the fact that ELM ions expelled from the upstream pedestal region will arrive at the divertor target plates without substantial thermalisation. As a consequence of their Larmor gyration around magnetic field lines, they are able to penetrate toroidal gaps between individual monoblocks of the target plate structure and can deliver rather intense heat loads to monoblock side faces near the gap entrance. To verify that this ELM-induced loading, predicted by both ion orbit simulations and particle in cell simulations, really does occur, two dedicated experiments have been performed on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. In both experiments a model toroidal gap structure of similar dimensions to those of the ITER divertor target monoblocks was exposed to a series of identical H-mode discharges with strong type-I ELMs. The effects arising from the gyro motion of hot ELM ions were identified by inverting, in the second experiment, the directions of both toroidal field and plasma current, thus reversing the ion gyration direction. The local distribution of incident ion flux on the gap side faces was quantified by pre- and post-exposure analysis of platinum marker layers to determine quantitatively the erosion rate of the platinum marker. The results fully confirm the ion orbit code predictions with respect to the penetration depth of incident ions with gyro orbits of similar or larger radius than the gap width. Moreover, the results confirm that ELM ions do indeed arrive at the divertor with their typical pedestal energies and also allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the corresponding intra-ELM ion particle and power flux, which is not easy to quantify using Langmuir probes.
The light charged particle detector array at the CSNS Back-n white neutron source
Authors: Sun Kang , Zhang Guohui , Yi Han , Fan Ruirui , Tang Jingyu , Jiang Wei , Chen Yonghao , Jiang Haoyu , Cui Zengqi , Hu Yiwei , Liu Jie , Ning Changjun , Wang Pengcheng , Niu Mengchen , Long Ze , An Qi , Bai Haofan , Bai Jiangbo , Bao Jie , Cao Ping , Chen Qiping , Chen Zhen , Fan Anchuan , Feng Changqing , Feng Fanzhen , Gao Keqing , Gu Minhao , Han Changcai , Han Zijie , He Guozhu , He Yongcheng , Hong Yang , Huang Hanxiong , Jia Weihua , Jiang Zhijie , Jin Zhengyao , Kang Ling , Li Bo , Li Chao , Li Gong , Li Jiawen , Li Qiang , Li Xiao , Li Yang , Liu Rong , Liu Shubin , Luan Guangyuan , Qi Binbin , Ren Jie , Ren Zhizhou , Ruan Xichao , Song Zhaohui , Tan Zhixin , Tang Shengda , Wang Lijiao , Wang Zhaohui , Wen Zhongwei , Wu Xiaoguang , Wu Xuan , Xie Likun , Yang Yiwei , Yu Yongji , Zhang Linhao , Zhang Mohan , Zhang Qiwei , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Maoyuan , Zhou Luping , Zhou Zhihao , Zhu Kejun
Published: April 2023

The Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation
Neutron Source (CSNS) provides neutrons in the continuous energy
region from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV. A spectrometer named Light
charged Particle Detector Array (LPDA) is designed for the study of
(n, lcp) reactions at Back-n. The main detector of the LPDA
spectrometer, a 16-unit ΔE-ΔE-E telescope array,
is composed of two arrays of 8-unit ΔE-ΔE-E 
telescope. Each telescope unit consists of a Low-Pressure Multi-Wire
Proportional Chamber (LPMWPC), a Si-PIN detector, and a CsI(Tl)
scintillator detector. In 2021, a neutron-proton (n-p)
scattering reaction cross-section measurement experiment was
accomplished as the first experiment of the telescope array. Protons
can be clearly identified in the ΔE-E spectrum (LPMWPC +
Si-PIN) and the ΔE-E spectrum (Si-PIN + CsI(Tl)). Cross
sections of the n-p scattering reaction in the neutron energy
range of several MeV are extracted. The ΔE-E method also
provides new measurement opportunities for many-body neutron induced
light charged-particle emission reactions.
Study in the optical performance of plastic scintillator with WLS fiber
Authors: Lu Peizhi , An Fengpeng , Chen Yu , Li Min , Li Yichen , Luo Guang , Wang Wei , Wang Zhimin , Xiao Xiang , Hor Y.K.
Published: April 2023

Muon veto is an important technique of many low background
experiments. With the push in improving the sensitivity and
statistics, the size of the detector for particle experiments has
also been increasing. Therefore, there is a greater demand on the
size of the muon veto system to efficiently identify muon events
passing through the detector, minimizing the associated dead time of
the target detector, and simultaneously fitting in the space
requirements. In this paper, two designs of muon veto detectors
composed of 200 cm×20 cm×2 cm plastic
scintillator strip and a wavelength shifting(WLS) fiber coupled with
SiPM, are tested. We use cosmic muons to examine the plastic
scintillator along the length by scintillator cubes as probes and
therefore measuring photoelectron numbers as a function of
position. The design of layout-4 meets the needs of JUNO-TAO and is
a compact and cheap candidate.
On Landauer–Büttiker formalism from a quantum quench
Authors: Gamayun O , Zhuravlev Yu , Iorgov N
Published: April 2023

We study transport in the free fermionic one-dimensional systems subjected to arbitrary local potentials. The bias needed for the transport is modeled by the initial highly non-equilibrium distribution where only half of the system is populated. Additionally to that, the local potential is also suddenly changed when the transport starts. For such a quench protocol we compute the full counting statistics (FCS) of the number of particles in the initially empty part. In the thermodynamic limit, the FCS can be expressed via the Fredholm determinant with the kernel depending on the scattering data and Jost solutions of the pre-quench and the post-quench potentials. We discuss the large-time asymptotic behavior of the obtained determinant and observe that if two or more bound states are present in the spectrum of the post-quench potential the information about the initial state manifests itself in the persistent oscillations of the FCS. On the contrary, when there are no bound states the asymptotic behavior of the FCS is determined solely by the scattering data of the post-quench potential, which for the current (the first moment) is given by the Landauer–Büttiker formalism. The information about the initial state can be observed only in the transient dynamics.
Breath analysis by ultra-sensitive broadband laser spectroscopy detects SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Liang Qizhong , Chan Ya-Chu , Toscano Jutta , Bjorkman Kristen K , Leinwand Leslie A , Parker Roy , Nozik Eva S , Nesbitt David J , Ye Jun
Published: April 2023

Rapid testing is essential to fighting pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exhaled human breath contains multiple volatile molecules providing powerful potential for non-invasive diagnosis of diverse medical conditions. We investigated breath detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS), a state-of-the-art laser spectroscopic technique capable of a real-time massive collection of broadband molecular absorption features at ro-vibrational quantum state resolution and at parts-per-trillion volume detection sensitivity. Using a total of 170 individual breath samples (83 positive and 87 negative with SARS-CoV-2 based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests), we report excellent discrimination capability for SARS-CoV-2 infection with an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve of 0.849(4). Our results support the development of CE-DFCS as an alternative, rapid, non-invasive test for COVID-19 and highlight its remarkable potential for optical diagnoses of diverse biological conditions and disease states.
Use of Humic and Silica Materials as Soil Ameliorant to Improve the Chemical Properties of Acid Sulphate Soil
Authors: Maftu’ah Eni , Nurzakiah Siti , Sulaeman Yiyi , Lestari Yuli
Published: April 2023

Ameliorant is needed to improve the fertility of acid-sulfate soils. Humic material and Silica (Si) are soil-ameliorants that can reduce Al and Fe toxicity. This research aimed to study the effect of humic and silica-based ameliorants in improving soil properties under reduced (flooded) and oxidizing conditions. Acid-sulfate soil with a pyrite content of 2.5% was taken from tidal land in Tamban Baru Tengah Village, Tamban Catur, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil incubation research was conducted at the Balittra Laboratory from March to July 2020. the study used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the type of Si source material (rice husk ash and biochar), and the second was the humic source (water hyacinth compost and manufactured humic); each combination was repeated four times. Observations included soil pH, Eh, EC, available P, Fe, Al, and Sulfate. Combining humic materials from water hyacinth and Si from rice husk biochar decreased Fe concentration under reduced conditions. In oxidation conditions, it increased pH and decreased Al and Sulfate concentration. Using soil ameliorations with a combination of humic and Si effectively improves acid-sulfate soil properties.
The role of fertilizer sources and water stress on the growth and yield sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.)
Authors: Pujiasmanto Bambang , Setyaningrum Desy , Triharyanto Eddy , Harsono Puji , Sulandjari  , Kurniawati Nur Layla
Published: April 2023

Sambiloto is medicine plant that has great potential as base material of traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to examine the response of Sambiloto growth and yield to fertilizer and water stress. Factorial study with completely randomized design consisting of two treatment factors. The first factor is the kind of fertilizer, consist from without fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer, chicken manure, and azolla compost fertilizer. The second factor is available water. The result of research showed that fertilizer sources and water stress have effect to leaves amount, fresh weight of shoot, and dry weight of shoot, simultanously. Combination of treatments that gived the highest dry weight of shoot (simplicia) are chemical fertilizer on 100% of field capacity and azolla compost fertilizer on 100% of field capacity. The using of organic fertilizer (chicken manure and azolla compost fertilizer) can subtitute the using of chemical fertilizer. Water stress has happen to 50% of field capacity of available water and decrease result significantly to all variable except clorophyl amount and amount of pods.