bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waqf Forest: How Waqf Can Play a Role In Forest Preservation and SDGs Achievement?
Authors: Ali Khalifah Muhamad , Kassim Salina
Published: September 2020

Previous studies about waqf for forest conservation mostly concentrated on its potential or its prospect for forest preservation or environmental protection. In contrast, a detailed discussion about how to establish a waqf forest to support the SDGs is still noticeably absent. This paper aims to formulate a scheme of productive waqf forests that can help the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To our knowledge, this is the first paper that provides a scheme of productive waqf-based forest. The present study was conducted using a literature study method and interpretative analysis. The result shows that a productive waqf forest should supply not only intangible benefits but also generate tangible benefits that can be used for the waqf forest development. Both benefits which support some main points of SDGs, such as in reducing poverty and hunger, maintaining climate, health, biodiversity, and water supply, are mainly delivered to the mauquf’alaihi.JEL Classification: D64, G23, Q01, Q23, Z12.How to Cite:Ali, K. M., & Kassim, S. (2020). Waqf Forest: How Waqf Can Play a Role In Forest Preservation and SDGs Achievement?. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.16310.
On the asymptotic behavior of the spectrum of a sixth-order differential operator, whose potential is the delta function
Authors: Mitrokhin Sergey I.
Published: September 2020

In this paper we propose a new method for studying differential operators with discontinuous coefficients.We consider a sequence of sixth-order differential operators with piecewise-smooth coefficients. The limit of the sequence of these operators’ potentials is the Dirac delta function. The boundary conditions are separated. To correctly determine solutions of differential equations with discontinuous coefficients at the points of discontinuity, “gluing” conditions are required. Asymptotic solutions were written out for large values of the spectral parameter, with the help of them the “gluing” conditions were studied and the boundary conditions were investigated. As a result, we derive an eigenvalues equation for the operator under study, which is an entire function. The indicator diagram of the eigenvalues equation, which is a regular hexagon, is investigated. In various sectors of the indicator diagram, the method of successive approximations has been used to find the eigenvalues asymptotics of the studied differential operators. The limit of the asymptotic of the spectrum determines the spectrum of the sixth-order operator, whose potential is the delta function.
A scenario of the homotopy type changing of the invariant saddle manifold closure
Authors: Nozdrinova Elena V.
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with surface gradient-like diffeomorphisms. The closures of the invariant manifolds of saddle points of such systems contain nodal points in their closure. In the case when there is only one such point, the closure of the invariant manifold is a closed curve that is homeomorphic to the circle. In a general case the conjugating homeomorphism changes the homotopy type of the closed curve, while the diffeomorphisms themselves may remain in the same isotopic class. This means that in the space of diffeomorphisms two such systems are connected by an arc, but every such arc necessarily undergoes bifurcations. In this paper, we describe a scenario for changing the homotopy type of the closure of the invariant saddle manifold. Moreover, the constructed arc is stable in the space of diffeomorphisms.
Application of boundary integral equation method to numerical solution of elliptic boundary-value problems in R3
Authors: Tynda Aleksandr N. , Timoshenkov Konstantin A.
Published: September 2020

In this paper we propose numerical methods for solving interior and exterior boundary-value problems for the Helmholtz and Laplace equations in complex three-dimensional domains. The method is based on their reduction to boundary integral equations in R2. Using the potentials of the simple and double layers, we obtain boundary integral equations of the Fredholm type with respect to unknown density for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems. As a result of applying integral equations along the boundary of the domain, the dimension of problems is reduced by one. In order to approximate solutions of the obtained weakly singular Fredholm integral equations we suggest general numerical method based on spline approximation of solutions and on the use of adaptive cubatures that take into account the singularities of the kernels. When constructing cubature formulas, essentially non-uniform graded meshes are constructed with grading exponent that depends on the smoothness of the input data. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated with some numerical experiments.
Mathematical modeling of pressure measurement systems in gas-liquid media
Authors: Velmisov Petr A. , Tamarova Yuliya A.
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the initial-boundary value problems for systems of differential equations, which are mathematical models of the mechanical system "pipeline - pressure sensor that is designed to measure pressure in gas-liquid media. On the basis of the proposed models, the joint dynamics of the pressure sensor sensitive element and of the working medium in the pipeline connecting the sensor to the combustion chamber of the engine is investigated. To describe the movement of the working medium, linear models of the mechanics of liquid and gas are used; to describe the dynamics of the sensitive element, both linear and nonlinear models of the mechanics of a solid deformable body are used. The solutions of stated initial-boundary value problems are carried out on the basis of the Galerkin method and the finite-difference method.
La familia para los y las jóvenes de Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Zuluaga Gloria Amparo
Published: September 2020

Este artículo compendia algunos resultados de una investigación de mayor escala denominada “Caracterización del Desarrollo Humano Juvenil en Caldas (Colombia)”, realizada por investigadores del Observatorio de Juventud de Caldas (Colombia), que es una alianza interinstitucional entre la Universidad de Manizales, la Universidad Autónoma, el Cinde (Centro de estudios en niñez y juventud) y la Oficina de la Juventud de la Gobernación de Caldas. El propósito de la investigación era conocer detalles acerca de la realidad familiar, social, política y cultural que viven en la actualidad las y los jóvenes en Caldas y servir de guía en la formulación de planes y políticas públicas al respecto. En el artículo, se concentran algunas consideraciones y reflexiones sobre los resultados hallados en materia de familia y sociedad. En este sentido, se buscaba identificar las nuevas formas familiares que emergen, no sólo para reconocer cómo se han transformado los roles intrafamiliares, sino también para analizar el papel que tiene la familia en la sociedad contemporánea y la función cumplida respecto a las instituciones y la dinámica social. Se trató, además, de desentrañar las percepciones y los sentidos que los y las jóvenes le confieren a la familia, como eje fundamental en la vida de las personas. Así mismo, se pretendía aportar elementos para la mejor comprensión de las dinámicas familiares contemporáneas desde una perspectiva generacional.
Los perros como catalizadores de socialización y de cambio en espacios públicos
Authors: Rodríguez Terán María José
Published: September 2020

Este artículo es una recopilación de estudios realizados en años recientes en relación con los perros como facilitadores de socialización entre desconocidos, así como de la influencia que estas mascotas tienen en el espacio urbano moderno, con la creación de parques para perros. Los espacios públicos destinados a la socialización e interacción de perros pueden beneficiar a sus dueños, vecinos y a la comunidad en general, al aumentar significativamente los niveles de capital social y vida activa. En este trabajo, luego de obtener una noción de la demografía canina de Costa Rica y la creación del primer parque para perros del país, se discute la necesidad de la creación de este tipo de lugares.
Evolución del clima a través de la historia de la tierra
Authors: Sánchez Santillán Norma , Sánchez Trejo Rubén , De la Lanza Espino Guadalupe , Garduño René
Published: September 2020

Naturalmente, la atmósfera y, por tanto, el clima evolucionaron junto con el continente, el océano, el interior de la Tierra y todos los demás componentes planetarios. Esta co-evolución frecuentemente fue a través de catástrofes, por cierto fructíferas, especialmente para la evolución y diversificación biológicas. En varias etapas, el vulcanismo aportó ingredientes a la atmósfera, otro tanto llegó con los cometas y meteoritos; el océano contribuyó con vapor de agua con sus sucesivos cambios de estado; y la deriva de los continentes aumentó la maritimidad y disminuyó la continentalidad de los climas. El océano también dio inercia térmica y, por lo tanto, estabilidad al clima. La aparición del oxígeno favoreció la vida, su disociación fotoquímica y sus recombinaciones consecuentes dieron lugar a la capa estratosférica de ozono. Los incendios espontáneos pusieron límite superior a la concentración de oxígeno en la atmósfera, generado por la vegetación, lo cual conformó la atmósfera actual.
Caracterización psicosocial del consumo de medicamentos en Costa Rica: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Arroyo Sibaja Massiel
Published: September 2020

Se aborda el fenómeno del consumo de medicamentos mediante una revisión de la bibliografía disponible en el Sistema de Bibliotecas y Documentación de la Universidad de Costa Rica (SIBDI). No se encuentran investigaciones que aborden el concepto de medicamento desde la óptica de las personas consumidoras; por lo que se brinda una definición de medicamento basada en textos académicos y legales. Asimismo, se presenta brevemente la tendencia mayormente utilizada a nivel internacional en la investigación del consumo, uso, sub-utilización y adherencia al tratamiento medicamentoso, es decir la Atención Farmacéutica. De la misma se derivan modelos como el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, la metodología Dáder, el modelo de Hepler y Strand, los cuales se exponen en el texto. Una limitación encontrada entre esas teorías, es que no ahondan sobre variables psicosociales y demográficas que afectan el consumo. En Costa Rica se encuentran cuatro investigaciones especializadas que intentan explicar el consumo de medicamentos desde el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico, y en algunos casos se incluyen variables de tipo demográficas como sexo, edad, estado civil, entre otras. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes se identifica una asociación entre edad, estado civil, nivel educativo con la utilización, la tenencia, consumo y disposición final de los medicamentos. También se encuentra que la metodología Dáder ha tenido éxito identificando y subsanando problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Sin embargo, no existe una propuesta que integre los múltiples factores relacionados al medicamento, al sistema de salud y variables psicosociales que caracterizan el consumo de medicamentos, de parte de ningún estudio consultado.
La configuración de la política representativa: una perspectiva transversal
Authors: Monsiváis Carrillo Alejandro
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo parte de la premisa de que es necesario repensar la representación política para entender los desafíos de la política democrática. El propósito es mostrar que la representación política se compone de procesos de autorización y rendición de cuentas, en los que el debate y la deliberación públicos desempeñan un papel clave. En este sentido, las relaciones representativas pueden contribuir a promover las normas de inclusión y participación democráticas. Además, se espera que esta formulación contribuya a analizar la construcción de discursos y reivindicaciones representativas, y que tienda puentes entre el estudio de los mecanismos electorales y no-electorales de representación.
Compromiso deontológico en los procesos contractuales: caso concesiones viales en Colombia
Authors: Serrano Guzmán María Fernanda , Solarte Venegas Norma Cristina , Pérez Ruiz Diego Darío
Published: September 2020

Con relativa frecuencia, los medios de comunicación radial, prensa impresa o televisión, y las distintas fuentes de internet, informan sobre malas prácticas en la asignación de contratos o en la ejecución de los mismos. Sin embargo, medidas como el Estatuto Anticorrupción, están empezando a hacer efectiva la transparencia y la sanción a la corrupción en la actividad estatal, aunque en algunas ocasiones los procesos sancionatorios son leves, atendiendo a la colaboración efectiva con la justicia. Asimismo, este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que expone las actividades no éticas reportadas en proyectos de concesiones viales, las cuales menoscaban el principio deontológico de las distintas profesiones, y particularmente del ejercicio ocupacional y de desempeño del ingeniero civil. Para esta reconstrucción histórica se utilizaron medios impresos locales y material de revistas de circulación nacional, y se hizo la consulta correspondiente en los sistemas de información disponibles. En este trabajo se analizaron los proyectos viales en los que se han presentado, de manera significativa, conductas inadecuadas; así como también, se mencionan las deficiencias o vacíos que han favorecido la manipulación contractual. Así pues, se concluye del estudio, que el Sistema de Información de Contratación es una herramienta útil para conocer el avance en los proyectos de inversión pública, pero que es necesario y relevante que este portal esté actualizado para que la comunidad se mantenga informada de las inversiones que se están realizando en su entorno; así como también se enfatiza en la importancia del ejercicio ético desde la perspectiva deontológica de las distintas profesiones, en el cual debe primar el bien general por encima del particular.
LA POLÍTICA EXTERIOR FASCISTA DEL PESO DETERMINANTE DURANTE EL CARGO COMO MINISTRO DE DINO GRANDI (1929-1932) FASCIST FOREIGN POLICY OF THE DECISIVE WEIGHT DURING THE CABINET OF DINO GRANDI (1929-1932)
Authors: D’Auria Chiara
Published: September 2020

Describiendo la evolución de la línea diplomática Italiana desde 1929 hasta 1932, la Autora brinda unmarco exhaustivo de la situación Europea desde los primeros años del posguerra hasta el surgir de lasprimeras tensiones sucesivas a la crisis de Wall Street. La línea que Dino Grandi le dio a las relacionesinternacionales durante su mando en el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores marcó un momento clavede la historia fascista Italiana y de sus relaciones con Europa, la cual se encontraba al borde de unnuevo conflicto mundial. La teoría histórica descrita se basa no solamente en el conocimiento de lasprincipales corrientes historiográficas sobre el tema pero también en una profundizada reflexión sobrelas dinámicas políticas internacionales relacionadas con la estrategia diplomática del “duce” y susconsecuencia sobre Italia, Europa y sobre la decisiones coloniales del régimen en años sucesivos.
LA ESCENA POLÍTICA DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE LAS MUJERES EN COSTA RICA DURANTE LOS ÚLTIMOS TREINTA AÑOS
Authors: Piedra Guillén Nancy
Published: September 2020

Este ensayo intenta reflexionar sobre los movimientos sociales de mujeres y feministas en Costa Rica en los últimos 30 años. Se analizan sus cambios internos, su impacto en la escena política, sus aciertos y sus limitaciones. El ensayo describe el origen y el desarrollo de algunos grupos surgidos en las décadas de 1980 y 1990 y los contrasta con los grupos de la última década del presente siglo. Se concluye que la presencia de los movimientos de mujeres y/o feministas es de particular importancia para hacer avanzar la lucha de las mujeres en general, en favor de la equidad y la igualdad de condiciones entre los sexos/géneros. La reflexión crítica sobre la vida de las mujeres, las diferencias, las discriminaciones y los vacíos de las políticas públicas requieren claridad política y conciencia sobre los factores determinantes de la desigualdad. Este aspecto tiende a diluirse en los discursos de instituciones públicas, partidos políticos, organismos no gubernamentales y organismos internacionales. Tales discursos tienen ropuestas limitadas, acotadas a aspectos no controversiales, que por lo general promueven roles tradicionales de género. Por el contrario, las feministas defienden rupturas socioculturales y económicas que favorecerían cambios transcendentales para las mujeres en su conjunto.
DERECHOS SEXUALES Y REPRODUCTIVOS EN ARGENTINA: LOS PROYECTOS PARLAMENTARIOS REFERIDOS AL ABORTO
Authors: Zicavo Eugenia , Astorino Julieta , Saporosi Lucas
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo se examinan los proyectos de ley referidos al aborto, los cuales actualmente cuentan con estado parlamentario en Argentina (país donde dicha práctica es un delito penado con la cárcel, salvo contadas causales de no punibilidad). El objetivo es indagar, analizar y describir las consideracione referidas a los derechos humanos y la salud, en tanto constituyen dos aspectos que aparecen reiteradamente en los diferentes proyectos, que a su vez remiten a una disputa por los significados en los discursos sociales circulantes con respecto al aborto. A partir de un relevamiento y análisis de documentos de acceso público (proyectos de ley presentados en las distintas Cámaras del Congreso Nacional), pondremos en perspectiva cultural el debate sobre la penalización/despenalización, a fin de comparar los diferentes proyectos de ley, la mayoría de los cuales se centra en la despenalización total y en una menor medida solo en modificaciones a los abortos no punibles, aunque también hay proyectos orientados a reforzar las restricciones vigentes. A la luz de los documentos, nos proponemos analizar los discursos sociales circulantes con respecto al aborto, observando las condiciones para el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en el país.
GESTIÓN DE CALIDAD: UNA SUCINTA MIRADA A ACCIONES DESARROLLADAS EN UN CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Ganga Contreras Francisco , Villagra Rivera Oscar , Navarrete Andrade Erwin
Published: September 2020

El Aseguramiento de la Calidad (AC) en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), ha sido, y es hoy por hoy, un tema ampliamente debatido en Chile y el resto de Iberoamérica. Tomando en consideración tal realidad el trabajo tiene como propósito central exponer brevemente la labor desarrollada en un Campus de una universidad chilena en el ámbito de la gestión y el aseguramiento de la calidad. Para alcanzar este objetivo se presentará la “praxis organizacional” como una especie de estudio de caso (sistematización de experiencia) y se intentará revelar las dificultades afrontadas para implementar acciones de AC. Se pretende evidenciar y justificar además la necesidad ineludible de apostar por sistemas de AC en un entorno de exigencias elevadas, particularmente determinado en Chile por el difícil escenario de la Educación Superior y los procesos de acreditación institucional que se han instalado.
Diagnostic performance of RFLP-PCR and sarcosine based indirect ELISA versus immunoassays in Brucella infected and vaccinated small ruminants
Authors: M. Soliman S. , S. Soliman H. , I. Mohamed H. , A. Salem M. , A. Ahmed S.
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out for evaluation of the diagnostic performance of different serological assays; buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), rose bengal plate test (RBPT), immunochromatographic assay (ICA), rivanol test (RivT), indirect ELISA using two types of coating antigens (smooth lipopolysaccharide; S-LPS and N-lauroylsarcosine-extracted antigens; SE) and complement fixation test (CFT). Relative sensitivity and specificity of various techniques were estimated. The traditional serological tests failed to distinguish the vaccinated from naturally infected animals. Using iELISA with extracted antigens (SE) as a coating antigen was a more accurate test to differentiate the naturally infected animals from vaccinated animals. Application of restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) on sera samples from seropositive animals, Rev-1 vaccinated sheep and Brucella field strain infected sheep and goats revealed that there were samples identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 field strain and other samples identified as B. melitensis Rev-1 vaccinal strain. The obtained results established that restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction can differentiate between animals infected with Brucella field strains from animals vaccinated with the Rev-1 vaccine.
Use of degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction for detection of chicken anaemia virus contamination in avian viral vaccines
Authors: Jamshidian-Mojaver M. , Tabatabaeizadeh S-E. , Naeemipour M. , R. Farzin H. , R. Bassami M.
Published: September 2020

For quality control of biologicals of veterinary use, the absence of extraneous agents needs to be certified. One of the requirements for quality control of avian viral vaccines is to demonstrate freedom from extraneous and adventitious pathogenic agents, like chicken anaemia virus (CAV). In this study, a degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP-PCR) for the detection of CAV was developed. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were selected based on sequences corresponding to conserved regions of VP1 gene. After spiking of CAV genomic DNA to an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) vaccine, detection limit for the test was 3.056×10-9 ng/µl. To evaluate the performance of the test, 11 avian viral vaccines including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and ILTV vaccines from 5 manufacturers were screened for CAV and no contamination was detected. The test described here may provide a rapid, sensitive and specific method for contamination detection of avian viral vaccines with CAV, and may be applied for quality control of live and killed commercial vaccines.
Unusual ocular Hodgkinʼs-like lymphoma in a dog.
Authors: Khordadmehr M. , Jarolmasjed S. , Ashrafi-Helan J. , Naebzadeh R.
Published: September 2020

Hodgkin’s disease is a malignant lymphoproliferative disease with various gross morphology. The present paper reports gross and microscopic features of Hodgkinʼs-like lymphoma in a dog. An eight years-old dog was presented to our hospital due to complete blindness associated with the presence of proliferative tissue on the globe surface. The tissue biopsy sample was soft and frigid with high bleeding tendency and was processed for histopathological evaluation. Sections of 5 μm in thickness were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and melan-A and S-100 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for differential diagnosis with ocular melanoma. Histologically, regarding the negative Melan-A and S100 IHC findings, and particular histological features, a mixed cellularity type of Hodgkin’s disease which included a large number of lymphocytes with different size and shape together with single necrosis was diagnosed. Additionally, Reed-Sternberg cells which had a deeply lobulated nucleus were demonstrated.
Anatomical and histological studies on the cervical canal of Rahmani sheep
Authors: F. ElKarmoty A. , Tolba A. , A. Khattab M. , Fathi M.
Published: September 2020

Macroscopic and microscopic findings of Rahmani sheep cervical canal were evaluated for designing a trans-cervical catheter. The study was carried out on 160 cervices divided into four groups: (Group A; young follicular, Group B; old follicular, Group C; young luteal and Group D; old luteal). All morphometric parameters of cervical canals of each group including length, average length and the external os diameter and shape were measured and tabulated. Epoxy casts were made to demonstrate the anatomic variations of each group. Data collected were statistically analysed using ANOVA. One hundred and twenty tissue sections from each group were sectioned and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome stain for demonstration of collagen fibres, Alcian blue pH 2.5 for demonstration of acidic mucins and PAS technique for demonstration of neutral mucins. In conclusion, the current study is the first report on the morphometric structure of the cervical canal of native Egyptian Rahmani ewes.
A review of wild and synantropic birds recorded as reservoirs of avian influenza viruses in Bulgaria
Authors: Nikolov S. , H. Marinova M. , Murad B. , Tsachev I.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present review is to summarise the information about the species diversity of wild and synanthropic birds, which have been recorded as reservoirs of influenza in Bulgaria until 2018. A total of 17 species of wild and synantropic birds were reported. They belong to 16 genera, 11 families and 10 orders of the class Aves. A list of wild and synantropic birds – potential reservoirs of influenza in Bulgaria is also presented.
Simultaneous determination of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in duck liver by an UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Yu Yang , Ma Jianshe , Wen Congcong , Wang Xianqin , Zhou Quan
Published: September 2020

Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide, a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-residue, and highly toxic insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide, widely used in agriculture. Carbofuran is most harmful to birds, and birds or insects killed by furan poisoning can be killed by secondary poisoning after being foraged by raptors, small mammals, or reptiles. In this paper, an UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of carbofuran and its metabolite, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, in duck liver. Liver tissue was first ground into a homogenate and then passed through ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction processing samples. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis, m/z 222.1 → 165.1 for carbofuran, m/z 238.1 → 180.9 for 3-hydroxycarbofuran and m/z 290.2 → 198.2 for an internal standard. The standard curves of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in duck liver were within a range of 2–2000 ng/g, where the linearity was good, the lower limit of quantification was 2 ng/g. The intra-day precision of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran was <14%, and the inter-day precision was <13%, the accuracy range was between 91.8 and 108.9%, the average extraction efficiency was higher than 75.1% with a matrix effect between 93.4 and 107.7%. The developed method was applied to a situation of suspected duck poisoning at a local farm.
El gobierno de las diócesis y su configuración institucional: Las curias diocesanas y su estructura en la corona de Castilla en la Edad Moderna (ss. XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Rico-Callado Francisco-Luis
Published: September 2020

Esta aportación estudia las curias diocesanas, centrando el análisis tanto en la secretaría episcopal como en la audiencia. Aunque hubo una especialización del trabajo en ambas instituciones, la colaboración entre ellas fue continua. Cabe destacar la labor del provisor que concentró no solamente la actividad procesal, sino que también tramitó los asuntos administrativos. Esta aportación estudia otros oficiales de la audiencia, particularmente los notarios o los fiscales. El secretario estuvo ligado al obispo y adquirió una importancia creciente después del Concilio de Trento. Las dificultades ofrecidas por la documentación conservada requieren un estudio de los expedientes conservados, perspectiva que resulta clarificadora respecto a las cuestiones planteadas en este trabajo.
Response of roadside tree leaves in a tropical city to automobile pollution
Authors: UKA Ufere N. , BELFORD Ebenezer J.D.
Published: September 2020

One of the sources of air pollutants in the surrounding environment is the automobile emissions. Automobiles produce gaseous and particulate matters which are toxic and inflict damage to roadside plants. Roadside trees are notable for the absorption, sequestering of contaminants and the effective interceptor of airborne pollution. In view of this, the present work was based on investigating the macro-morphological and micro-morphological changes that boost the tolerance and continued existence of four roadside trees, namely Ficus platyphylla, Mangifera indica, Polyalthia longifolia and Terminalia cattapa in the incidence of vehicle exhaust emissions in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Three arterial roads representing three different traffic volumes of extreme, heavy and severe were considered as observational sites. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Campus was selected as the control site. The macro-morphological characteristics of the four tree species showed reduced leaf area, whilst the micro-morphological results revealed that stomata size, number and index were reduced at the arterial roadsides in all the four tree species. There was increased epidermal cell number and length and trichome length at the polluted arterial roadsides when compared to the control. These variations can be considered as pointers of environmental stress and could be used as indicators of urban air pollution.
Determination of the relatedness, ease of hybridization and gene exchange among members of the genus Capsicum in Nigeria
Authors: AHMODU Paul B. , MORAKINYO Joseph A. , AHMODU Catherine T.
Published: September 2020

The fruit of Capsicum plants have a variety of names depending on place and type. This research was focused at studying the exchange of genes amongst members of the genus Capsicum in Nigeria. The process of interspecific and intervarietal hybridization of two (2) species of the genus Capsicum; C. annuum and C. frutasense were carried out and the results show that most of the studied attributes like arrangement of leaves, shape of leaves, leaf density were undetermined while majority with distinct changes follow maternal inheritance. There were less successes among the interspecific crosses and high successes between varietal crosses ranging from 19.5% to 2.4% for the inter-varietal cross and 9.3% to 2.4% for interspecific crosses. This indicates that there are more hybridization barriers among interspecific hybridization than inter-varietal hybridization. The closely related species and varieties had higher percentage success of hybridization and vice versa. Characters such as Hypocotyl colour had partial dominance. Erect flower position is dominant in W and hybrid T*W while pendant is recessive. Red fruit colour at maturity, green fruit stalk colour was dominant while yellow was recessive. A good knowledge of how related species of the genus Capsicum are, the easier it will enable researchers to hybridize and improve the genus.
Is COVID-19 impacting plant science, and is plant science impacting COVID-19?
Authors: WICAKSONO Adhityo , TEIXEIRA da SILVA Jaime A.
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 changed 2020 massively after becoming a worldwide pandemic. Many countries affected by the disease witnessed disruptions in the agricultural, farming, industry, production and distribution sectors, causing a loss of crops due to reduced consumer demand. Sales of cut flowers, potted plants and seasonal crops that are sensitive to specific seasons or dates were affected, as were fertilizer and food security. Academics, including plant scientists, with limited work or research conditions during the pandemic, alleviated their work through alternative approaches, e.g., in silico research, or made more time to writing research papers, while student education has largely been placed on hold or held online by lecturers. Most COVID-19 research has focused primarily on medical and social aspects while some plant science-related research has been conducted on the use of traditional medicinal plants as possible alleviating agents, but not cures, to COVID-19 patients. The integrity of science and publishing, including research related to plants, is being tested as cases of superficial research, lax or superficial peer review, and misinformation abound. COVID-19 has thus had limited impact on plant science, and vice versa, thus far, even though it is likely that most plant scientists were affected.
The effects of Mediterranean diet and EVOO consumption in relation to human health
Authors: BASDEKI Evangelia , SALIS Constantinos , HAGIDIMITRIOU Marianna
Published: September 2020

The Mediterranean basin is characterized by the presence and cultivation of olive trees since antiquity. All of the Mediterranean countries and especially Greece and Italy, are characterized by similar food patterns that are described as “Mediterranean diet”. The core of this diet is the daily intake of plant foods and as its main source of fat is olive oil and particularly in Greece EVOO (Extra Virgin Olive Oil). EVOO contains a large percentage of MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids - approximately 80% of its total lipid concentration), as well as some other substances in smaller concentrations such as oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein etc. The greater the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the intake of EVOO as the main fat source, the greater the health benefits encountered. Some of these benefits that have been reported are due to the antioxidant properties of EVOO, its anti-inflammatory effects, its ability to regulate the endothelial function, lipids, haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Moreover, EVOO has a positive effect in chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic and amyloid diseases, while it reduces the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it influences the aging process by reducing the genome and proteome damage that lead to aging. All the data collected, demonstrate that a daily intake of EVOO combined with a good percentile of adherence to the Mediterranean diet lead to a healthier lifestyle, longevity and a reduced morbidity rate.
Multi-scale experiments for a coarse sand barrier against backward erosion piping
Authors: Rosenbrand Esther , van Beek Vera , Bezuijen Adam , Akrami Sepideh , Terwindt Jarno , Koelewijn Andre , Förster Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Backward erosion piping poses a severe threat for embankments founded on sandy deposits. The physical mechanism by which a pipe progresses upstream beneath the embankment is conceptually understood, and assessments indicate high failure probabilities in the Netherlands. Rising sea levels and economic growth increase the risk of flooding, and the need for remediation measures. Conventional measures have undesired side effects, in terms of costs, maintenance, space requirements and sustainability. The coarse sand barrier (CSB) is a novel nature-based solution lacking these side effects. The CSB is a trench filled with coarse sand that is placed below the downstream toe of the embankment, which prevents the pipe from progressing upstream. The effectiveness of the CSB is based on its higher resistance against erosion and its effect on groundwater flow. This paper presents experimental work that was conducted to test the feasibility of a CSB for application at a pilot site in the Netherlands. This involved experiments with seepage lengths of 0·34, 1·34 and 15 m, using different barrier materials and background sands. A conceptual model is presented for the physical mechanism of pipe formation in the presence of a barrier. As the resistance of the barrier can be characterised by a local scale-independent strength criterion, laboratory results are applicable for design practice.
İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Açısından Bir Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Kliniğinde Gürültü Seviyesi
Authors: ÖZMEN Bilal , ÖZÇELİK Şükrü
Published: September 2020

Amaç:
Gürültü, yaygın olarak, istenmeyen ses veya
ses kirliliği anlamıyla kullanılır. Gürültü, insan organizmasında
birçok kalıcı tahribata yol açar. Bu araştırma çocuk diş hekimliğinde
kullanılan aletlerin ve çalışma ortamının gürültü seviyesinin belirlenmesi
amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.      

Yöntem:
Ölçümlerde Lyk-901a ses ölçüm cihazı kullanıldı.
Ölçümler dB(A) cinsinden yapılarak kayıt edildi. Klinikte 17 diş üniti ve 1
sekreterlik bulunmaktadır. Ölçümler 21 iş gününün sabah ve öğleden
sonraki farklı zaman dilimlerini kapsamaktadır. İstatistiksel analizler için t-testi ve One-way ANOVA testleri
kullanıldı.

Bulgular:
Ölçüm alanlarından elde edilen gürültü seviyeleri arasında istatistiksel fark
yoktur.

Sonuç: Çalışma
sonunda, farklı noktalardan yapılan ölçümlerde ortalama 71 dB(A) gürültü
seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Bu değer ülkemizde İş
Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu’nda da belirtilen 87 dB(A)’dan daha aşağıdadır.
Fakat Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Kliniği’nde 87 dB(A)’lık gürültü seviyesinin
aşılabildiği de bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle gürültü seviyesinin azaltılması için
gerekli önlemlerin alınması yararlı olacaktır.
Surface Improvement of Low Carbon Steels (St37) by Duplex Treatments
Authors: YARALI ÖZBEK Yıldız
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work was seen to effect to duplex treatment on steel surface. Firstly, arc spray and secondly pulse plasma treatment were applied to sample surface. The influence of these duplex process and process parameters want to see on surface. Swm Inox 446-TW wire was used in arc spray process. Then the pulse plasma process was applied to surface. The different distances and number of pulse were used as the pulse plasma treatment. After duplex treatments, the samples were characterized by using OM (optical micrograph), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analyses and microhardness tests were applied. The surface roughness of samples was measured with 3D-roughness device. The microhardness values of treated surfaces are about four times higher than that of un-treated surfaces. After duplex treatments, the improved performance of surface the St 37 steel was presented.
O Uso de Tradescantia Pallida como um Bioindicador da Poluição Atmosférica em Perícia Ambiental – uma Proposta
Authors: Kelvis Longhi
Published: September 2020

O trabalho pericial – caracterizado como um dos meios produtores de provas em um processo judicial – apresenta-se como uma abordagem multidisciplinar e complexa, pois envolve diferentes áreas de atuação, diferentes métodos, uso de equipamentos sofisticados e testes custosos. A utilização de organismos bioindicadores como instrumento aplicado aos processos periciais na área ambiental tem sido reportada na literatura. Contudo, ainda não foi demonstrada a importância da espécie Tradescantia pallida como uma ferramenta de avaliação dos impactos da ação do homem sobre o meio ambiente juntamente com a sua relação com trabalhos periciais. A revisão bibliográfica foi baseada em 16 trabalhos científicos publicados no período 2014-2019 e demonstrou a utilização da Tradescantia pallida em trabalhos envolvendo a degradação da qualidade do ar no Brasil. Sendo assim, este estudo apresenta conceitos sobre o uso dessa espécie bioindicadora e do teste de micronúcleos, bem como sua aplicação no monitoramento da poluição atmosférica. Devido às características e sensibilidade da Tradescantia pallida, o teste de micronúcleos pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta importante para a realização de trabalhos periciais para a constatação do delito ambiental, principalmente nos casos envolvendo poluição atmosférica.
Социальное участие студентов России и Армении: институциальный контекст и нереализованный потенциал некоммерческого сектора в социокультурном развитии региональных городов
Authors: Певная Мария Владимировна , Шуклина Елена Анатольевна , Асоян Лилит Антоновна
Published: September 2020

В статье анализируется участие студентов России и Армении в социокультурном развитии городов, через локальные проекты некоммерческого сектора. Сравнивается институциальный контекст молодежного участия в этих странах. Проведен опрос студентов в городах Свердловской области (Российская Федерация) и населенных пунктах Ширакской области (Армения). Соотношение подвыборок соответствует распределению численности населения в сравниваемых регионах и отражает распределение молодежи по типам населенных пунктов в них. Исследование показало, что готовность студентов Армении к участию в проектах по развитию городов существенно выше, чем у российских студентов. Это свидетельствует о социальной активности армянского студенчества, сформированной определенной институциальной средой. При этом практики участия армянской и российской молодежи в культурном развитии городов не отличаются, уровень участия в обеих странах в целом невысок. Межстрановые различия определились тремя группами факторов. Во-первых, это уровень развития демократических гражданских институтов и содержание государственной молодежной политики. В России централизованная государственная поддержка социальной активности студенчества не обеспечивает ожидаемого эффекта и не оказывает сущес­твенного влияния на культуру молодежного участия. В Армении национальная стратегия поддержки социального участия молодежи отсутствует и не способствует его реализации. Во-вторых, муниципалитеты взаимодействуют с локальными НКО, и это работает как институт гражданского общества, что обеспечивает условия для развития молодежного активизма. Но в России взаимодействие затруднено излишней бюрократизацией и профессионализацией НКО, их финансовой зависимостью от государства, в Армении – диаспоральные организации и международные фонды, активно финансирующие третий сектор, не вызывают доверия у молодежи. В-третьих, различия обусловлены уровнем культуры и практик социального участия студентов, мотивации и знаний, самоидентификацией с городом. При ряде схожих моментов у российских студентов культура патернализма в области социальной ответственности за состояние городов оказалась более выраженной.
The Adaptation of Local Civic Organisations in Russia to Change: A Case Study of NGOs with a Focus on Social Problems
Authors: Сэтре Анн-Мари , Варызгина Алла , Гранберг Лео
Published: September 2020

This article considers how Russian local civic organizations work and adapt to societal changes. We studied thirteen small NGOs in a region (oblast) of central Russia. These NGOs work with social issues, often connected to poverty and social marginalization. The NGOs are both formal and informal organizations, such as charity funds, registered associations, informal clubs, and local groups for mutual help and support. The NGOs have varying relations to the wider public, as well as to Russian authorities. Examining the local level means here urban or rural settlements and small towns. Social issues were a subject of concern for numerous local organizations. Their success in this activity was connected to trust in them among citizens. The overall picture is that a lot depended on the reputation of a leading person at the NGO. There were not many signs of internal democracy or collective decision-making in these NGOs, strategic decisions were mostly taken by the leader. The Russian State has launched a contradictory policy on NGOs including legislation on 'foreign agents,' which means that NGOs are living in a 'dual reality': locally acting non-governmental and/or non-commercial organizations are both welcomed to contribute to solving social problems and increasingly controlled. This has caused problems for many NGOs which have, however, proved flexibility to survive. Quite a few reorganized their activities, some started deeper collaboration with other NGOs, the local administration or the church. The study gives more evidence of charity as the main method of helping people rather than activating them.
Institutional Changes in State Authorities Collaborating with NGOs
Authors: Солдаткин Александр , Блэкберн Мэтью
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on recent changes in the practices of state and municipal authorities when collaborating with NGOs on various state-driven developmental initiatives, from national projects and federal programs to smaller-scale regional programs. There is a consensus in the civil society literature that a two-track state policy towards NGOs has emerged: repressive measures toward 'political' NGOs are combined with support and encouragement for 'socially-orientted' NGOs (SO NGOs). The focus in this article is on SO NGOs and offers an analysis of new trends in state-NGO interactions. As certain functions, authorities, and responsibilities from the state agencies have been transferred to NGOs (SO NGOs), the action patterns, organisational structures, values and norms on the both sides have also evolved. On the one hand, the authorities express willingness to take measures and give NGOs new powers in the implementation of social policy. On the other hand, there are also concerns about procedural and, sometimes, values-related mismatches between the authorities and SO NGOs. The article is based on expert interviews with three groups of actors in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast: the regional and municipal authorities; entrepreneurs; and representatives of SO NGOs. What is found is that a shift in values is noticeable. Some NGOs are potentially interested in gaining the status of 'socially oriented' and, consequently, funding and support for their activities. At the same time, they face difficulties adjusting to the demands of the authorities. Therefore, organisations of both types (NGOs and state agencies) must make mutual adjustments in terms of practices and values.
Концепция развития деятельности межмуниципальных ресурсных центров поддержки социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций (опыт Республики Татарстан)
Authors: Дыганов Антон Георгиевич , Фейфер Раиса Леонидовна , Пашина Аделя Дмитриевна , Сафина Лилия Моратовна
Published: September 2020

В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты развития межмуниципальных ресурсных центров (МРЦ) в области поддержки социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций (СО НКО) на примере Республики Татарстан. Предлагается к обсуждению вопросы места и роли МРЦ в системе социального развития региона, основных направлений деятельности, координационных возможностей МРЦ в рамках региона. Определены задачи деятельности МРЦ, способствующие развитию действующих СО НКО и активной трансформации частных или общественных инициатив во вновь создаваемые НКО с последующим их выводом на стабильную проектную деятельность. Среди них постоянное обеспечение силами МРЦ профессионального обучения представителей СО НКО и внедрение цифровых ресурсов в повседневную работу МРЦ и СО НКО. При этом упор делается на объединение ресурсов НКО с другими заинтересованными организациями для достижения синергетического эффекта и возможного привлечения дополнительных грантовых ресурсов для более эффективной реализации проектов. Любая некоммерческая организация независимо от географии присутствия, должна иметь равные возможности доступа к качественному образовательному и методическому контенту, а также к консультационным услугам МРЦ. Качественный контент во многом зависит от практической значимости и актуальности информации. Это достигается за счет разработки специализированных образовательных программ по запросам целевой аудитории, а также органов государственной и муниципальной власти. Представлены основные подходы МРЦ к модерации процессов, при которых МРЦ выступает информационным «хабом» между СО НКО и профессиональными организациями или отдельными специалистами. В большинстве случаев эта деятельность перерастает в успешные партнерские проекты. Результатом развития МРЦ должно стать формирование эффективных механизмов решения задач социально-экономического развития регионов, за счет повышения деловой и социальной активности некоммерческих организаций, а предложенная концепция развития МРЦ на региональном уровне позволит повысить эффективность деятельности НКО и вывести их в лидеры социальных изменений в обществе и регионе.