bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of publications on natural language processing indexed in RSCI
Authors: Sadovskaya L. L.
Published: March 2022

Natural Language Рrocessing (NLP), defined, as the general direction of artificial intelligence and mathematical linguistics, is an important tool for understanding and processing a gigantic amount of unstructured data.Representing theoretical and practical basis for solving a large number of problems, NLP is being actively studied by scientists around the world, since it is one of the most popular areas of data science and is used in many fields of human activity. The purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to identify the main research centers, research trends, the rating of leading Russian scientists in the field of NLP, as well as to show the picture of thematic fields’ distribution of publications. The results of the analysis will allow us to determine the dynamics of NLP field development in the domestic science and will provide scientists and specialists working in the field of NLP with up-to-date information on various aspects of the considered research area.Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) – the main scientometric database in our country was used as the data source for scientific publications in the field of NLP search. The RSCI platform contains information on current research areas, allows you to assess the productivity of scientists, scientific communities, etc.The presented work will be interesting to researchers in the field of NLP, since it contains actual data on the development dynamics and structure of the documentary and information flow in the field of NLP in Russia, its distribution by branches of knowledge. Besides, the conducted bibliometric analysis of documents allows us to gain information about the authors most productively working in the studied area and their affiliations, as well as about the most cited articles – this is the review of the 30 most cited publications of Russian scientists and rating of TOP-10 scientific organizations of the Russian Federation by the number of publications reflecting the main problems and scientific achievements in the field of NLP.
VR Display of the Stone Statue of a General and the Study of Armor Culture
Authors: Cao Yang , Huang Xingke , Zhou Qinyou
Published: March 2022

This paper takes the VR animation display of the Ming Xiao Mausoleum General stone statue life as an example to study the advantages of VR animation in the display of material heritage. Combined with literature and pictures, the digital restoration of the Ming Xiao Mausoleum stone statue is carried out in MAYA and Z brush, and the construction of the scene and the output of the final effect are realized in UE4.
Chronic Pain Treated with the CMECD Procedure
Authors: Coletti Roger Howard
Published: March 2022

: This article was not intended to be a complete report of a standard clinical trial. It is a report of the outcomes of preliminary data for validation of the CMECD procedure (Coletti Method of EMG ChemoDenervation) protocol for the treatment of chronic pain resulting from chronic muscle spasm. Methods are here detailed on how to approach the patient with chronic pain, identify the presence of chronic muscle spasm, undertake the treatment protocol and how to perform the follow up process to confirm that chronic pain secondary to chronic muscle spasm was the accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, this article presents the results of a cohort of more than 90 patients treated by the CMECD procedure regarding location and duration of prior pain, prior treatment strategies, degree of success in resolving pain and duration of relief. Outcome data consisting of patient and staff reporting of specific situations in which the chronic pain treatment was successful has been included to help establish the “believability” of outcome successes and to elucidate the potential life altering effects of successful treatment of chronic pain secondary to chronic muscle spasm. This article will hopefully increase the interest in this treatment protocol and increase the chance that a classical international clinical trial will be undertaken.
An Analytical Exploration and Mathematical Modeling on the Dynamics of Sea Wave Energy Conversion to Electricity Production
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Sayed , Tharwan Mohammed , Rothan Yahya
Published: March 2022

Recently, most countries suffering from global warming due to the waste gases coming out of the combustion engines used to generate electric power by traditional methods. Therefore, many countries are currently trying to find alternative solutions to this problem by using renewable energies such as solar energy, wind energy, and energy generated from the waves of the ocean and sea to overcome pollution problems. The waves of the seas and oceans have enormous and largely untapped energy, so this work presents an efficient way to use the energy of sea waves to generate electricity. And also, trying to be a way to produce electricity from wave energy in the future. The best suitable places along the shores of Jizan city were inspected to install the buoy system to revenue advantage of the wave supreme height to achieve the height amount of electrical energy. A mathematical model was made to analyze the wave energy and convert it into energy extracted by mechanical force. The mathematical analyzes used the data collected from satellite maps of the numerous severe waves in the Red sea of the Jazan area, and the data published in previous research along that area. It was found that the beach of the Al Shuqaiq area is the greatest for installing the buoy and obtaining the highest electrical energy due to the presence of the highest wave intensity, followed by the beach of the Baysh and Al Morgan area. Also, one of the objectives of this research is to study the design of a device powered by a buoy to use the waves of the Red Sea to generate electric power. The influence of the buoy system design parameters such as the buoy diameter, length of the cylinder, and the length of the connecting rod on the electrical energy generation from wave energy was investigated. The current device is designed with a gearbox to produce continuous power with a single electric generator. A floating mooring device uses the rise and fall of bulges to convert sea wave energy into electrical energy. The device consists of a float, arm, two wheels of different diameters, a gear set, and an electric generator. The effect of the design of several factors on the performance of the device for converting the sea waves energy into electrical energy, including the length of the buoy arm, the wave height by changing the cam diameter, and the conversion ratios between the gear set, to optimize the output power of the wave energy.
Are We Ready for Cyberlearning? A Study by Students, about Students, for College Leaders
Authors: Davies Patricia Marybelle , Alotaishan Reem Muteb T. , Alabdulwahed Hayat Khalid A. , Khan Ali M. Fahim , Ateya Rawan Mohammad , Alkhamis Thamer Saleh , Alodhieb Abdulaziz Abdullah A.
Published: March 2022

Many assumptions exist about online learning and its impact on college students. Hitherto, the views of those meant to be the beneficiaries of this technology have been given little consideration despite the fact that students use cyberspace for academic work and beyond. This qualitative case-study report is based on research conducted by college students at a private university in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The aim was to examine the online learning experiences of their peers during the first wave of the coronavirus global pandemic, with a view to understand how prepared their university is for an academic genre located in cyberspace. The findings are based on the perspectives of 2,298 college students responding to a survey administered to the entire student population comprising around 9,000 individuals. They suggest that increasing opportunities for cyberlearning could have positive effects on students. Also provided is cautionary advice about the need to improve teaching pedagogies and combat academic dishonesty.
Crypto-Preservation and the Ghost of Andy Warhol
Authors: Ippolito Jon
Published: March 2022

For its enthusiasts, the blockchain is an archivist's dream come true: an immutable historical record that is publicly accessible and immune from censorship. Proposals like Juried Protocol Galleries could enable bots to compute the provenance of digital artworks and their appearance in exhibitions and publications. Distributed file systems like IPFS claim to store creative works in a redundant, networked fashion outside the control of any single cloud provider. Projects designed to work with blockchains like Filecoin and Arweave propose a dedicated cryptocurrency as financial incentive to support the cost of governing and sustaining this "permaweb." As dreamy as this picture sounds, many of these promises depend on technologies that have yet to be sufficiently developed or adopted. Rather than forecast the future, we can separate the hype from the reality in the present day by examining a real-life example, namely the 2021 auction of Andy Warhol's digital art with NFTs. This essay will focus less on blockchain's general promise as a preservation medium and more on the particular case of the digital Warhols, which both in form and spirit would seem a perfect application of NFTs to preserve historically important works of digital art. Which promises of the crypto-dream of permanent access to digital heritage ring true for this case study, and which are overblown?
A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models for Dental Segmentation in Panoramic Radiograph
Authors: da Silva Rocha Élisson , Endo Patricia Takako
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Dental segmentation in panoramic radiograph has become very relevant in dentistry, since it allows health professionals to carry out their assessments more clearly and helps them to define the best possible treatment plan for their patients. Objectives: In this work, a comparative study is carried out with four segmentation algorithms (U-Net, DCU-Net, DoubleU-Net and Nano-Net) that are prominent in the medical literature on segmentation and we evaluate their results with the current state of the art of dental segmentation in panoramic radiograph. Methods: These algorithms were tested with a dataset consisting of 1,500 images, considering experiment scenarios with and without augmentation data. Results: DoubleU-Net was the model that presented the best results among the analyzed models, reaching 96.591% accuracy and 92.886% Dice using the dataset with data augmentation. Another model that stood out was Nano-Net using the dataset without data augmentation; this model achieved results close to that of the literature with only 235 thousand trainable parameters, while the literature model (TSASNet) contains 78 million. Conclusions: The results obtained in this work are satisfactory and present paths for a better and more effective dental segmentation process.
A New Perspective on Four Decades of Changes in Arctic Sea Ice from Satellite Observations
Authors: Wang Xuanji , Liu Yinghui , Key Jeffrey R. , Dworak Richard
Published: March 2022

Arctic sea ice characteristics have been changing rapidly and significantly in the last few decades. Using a long-term time series of sea ice products from satellite observations - the extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x), trends in sea ice concentration, ice extent, ice thickness, and ice volume in the Arctic from 1982 to 2020 are investigated. Results show that the Arctic has warmed and become less ice covered in all seasons, especially in summer and autumn. Arctic sea ice thickness has been decreasing at the rate of -3.24 cm per year, resulting in about a 52% reduction in thickness from 1982 to 2020. Arctic sea ice volume has been decreasing at the rate of -467.7 km3 per year, resulting in a volume of 10305.5 km3 in 2020 compared to 27590.4 km3 in 1982. These trends are further examined from a new perspective. The Arctic Ocean is classified into open water, and perennial and seasonal sea ice-covered areas based on the sea ice persistence. The loss of the perennial sea ice covered area is the major factor in the total sea ice loss in all seasons. If the current rates of sea ice changes continue, the Arctic is expected to have ice-free summers by the mid-2060s.
Mental Intelligence and the Complexity of Sentence Structures in the Interaction between Teachers and Children with Autism
Authors: Djatmika Djatmika , Hikmawati Ahfi , Sumarlam Sumarlam
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the relationship between the mental intelligence of children with autism and their capability in understanding the complexity of sentence structure represented in utterances performed by their teachers. In addition, this study also explains the complexity of the sentence structure produced by the autistic children in interacting with the teachers. The data of this research are in the form of sentence structures used in the class interaction between teachers and students with autism. The collected data were then analyzed by classifying the sentences used by the teachers and the sentences produced by children with autism. The results showed that children with high mental intelligence were able to understand the complex sentence structures used by the teachers and were able to respond and speak utterances in the form of complex sentences. This shows that children with high mental intelligence understand and can produce sentences in a complex structure better than those with a low mental one.
A CDA Perspective of Cultural Contents in the English Junior High School Textbooks
Authors: Mandarani Vidya , Purwati Oikurema , Santoso Dian Rahma
Published: March 2022

In the aim to engage the volatile future, Kemendikbud considered developing the textbooks with cultural values imbued for the 2013 Curriculum. This study is a content analysis that seeks to examine the cultural elements found in the English textbooks for junior high schoolers, to discover the evidence of global cultural manifestation in the textbooks, as well as to find out the space given to local culture in the textbooks. The data were collected from the latest revision of ‘When English Rings a Bell’ textbook for both 7th & 8th grade, and ‘Think Globally Act Locally’ textbook for 9th grade. The data then analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that: (1) social group & social identity dictate the cultural dimension, followed by belief & behavior. While another aspect, such as stereotypes & national identity, social interaction, the life-cycle & socialization, national culture heritage, national geography, national history as well as socio-political institution, are not commonly presented. This idea is in line with the curriculum objectives to facilitate the development of students with proper character, behavior and a strong sense of nationality. In terms of proportionality as shown by cultural dimensions, it is inferred that the English textbooks are on their way to perfection; (2) the existence of the target cultures is still dominant, yet the authors had tried to maintain the initial content of the source culture, as well as (3) the students require to realize the importance of learning culture from their English textbooks & develop their cultural competence and a certain degree of respect, as well as tolerance for others.
Syntactic and Lexical Complexity of Undergraduate Students’ Essays: A Comparison Study between L1 and L2 Writings
Authors: Rahayu Famala Eka Sanhadi , Utomo Aries , Setyowati Ririn
Published: March 2022

In measuring learners’ productivity in writing and speaking, there is a formulation known as syntactic and lexical complexity. This study investigates whether there is a difference in syntactic and lexical complexity between L1 and L2 writings or not. This study is quantitative research which employ Web-Based Lexical Complexity Analyser and Web-Based Syntactic Complexity Analyser in order to measure data. The current study results reveal that the p-value of three sub-components of lexical complexity is lower than 0.05 (LD=0.000, LS=0.036, and LV=0.000), which means a significant difference in lexical complexity between L1 and L2 writings. A similar result showed in syntactic complexity where four of five indices of comparing the syntactic complexity of two-language writings showed value <0.05. The p-value of comparing four indices of syntactic complexity such as MLS, DC/C, CP/C, and C/S is 0.006, 0.000, 0.038, and 0.002, respectively. However, the fifth indice, MLC (mean length of clause) shows a p-value >0.05, which means no significant difference between MLC of English writings and Indonesian writings. The study concluded that the students produce more lexical and syntactic complexity in their English writings than in their Indonesian writings.
An Exploratory Study of English Teachers: The Use of Social Media for Teaching English on Distance Learning
Authors: Ubaedillah Ubaedillah , Pratiwi Damar Isti , Huda S. Thoriqul , Kurniawan Dwi Agung
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to determine how English teachers used social media to teach English. An exploratory study was used in this study to look into a detailed and in-depth analysis of the use of social media in English language learning by Cirebon junior high school teachers. This study used purposive sampling from 43 English teachers at Cirebon junior high schools. Ten teachers (five male and five female) have been chosen. In about 20 to 30 minutes, each participant was asked the questions. The researcher recorded all of the conversations during the interview session as part of the data collection process. Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, and YouTube are the most popular social media platforms with strong categorized. Whatsapp has a higher presentation value than other social media types. There were five themes identified as a result of the interview session of the teacher's perceptions of social media used on distance Learning; 1) Kinds of social media, 2) Activities, 3) Motivation, 4) Improving students English language skills, and 5) Effectiveness.
Reading Preferences across Genders of Undergraduate EFL Students in Indonesia
Authors: Milal A. Dzo'ul , Jannah Raudlotul , Sa'adah Sufi Ikrima , Fitria Andini Anugrah
Published: March 2022

Due to pandemics, students carry out their studies from home. They have more leisure time and are freer to do activities. In such a condition, questioning students’ commitment to reading to learn becomes relevant. The question is whether and to what extent the students do the reading activity, what they read, and whether their preferences are different based on their genders. This topic is inconclusively studied, especially in the context of EFL. Therefore, it seems important to conduct a study on this topic because the results might raise the effectiveness of teaching EFL. This study is a descriptive survey revealing students’ reading preferences to spend their leisure time based on gender differences. The subjects are undergraduate EFL students aged 19–23 years who study at the English Department in Indonesia. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of closed and open items. The responses were tallied, calculated, and tabulated. The findings show that female respondents favored reading more than males. Both genders tend to prefer reading social media to spend their leisure time. Female respondents are more likely to read e-books, while male respondents are more into the printed books. They do extensive reading to get knowledge more than to get pleasure. Although they are EFL learners, they prefer reading the sources in their native language because it is more accessible than in the target language. The reasons underlying those findings and pedagogical implications are also described at the end of the article.
Target Language Use in EFL Classrooms: Turkish EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Korkmaz Şule Çelik
Published: March 2022

Considering the teacher talk as the main input in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms, this descriptive study aimed to elucidate the beliefs and practices of Turkish EFL teachers regarding their use of a foreign language, namely English (L2) in their classrooms by taking into account school types, experience, and travelling abroad as variables. Accordingly, 308 EFL teachers from different regions of Turkey were given a questionnaire with two parts, firstly beliefs and then practices, to clarify this prominent issue. The results indicated the high level of teacher awareness about the necessity for using L2 for several reasons but without dismissing the use of their native language, namely Turkish (L1). Conversely, the study highlighted the clashes between their espoused beliefs and practices. Furthermore, being more experienced teachers and working in primary or high schools were not reported as significant factors in teacher agency in making language choices to teach L2 whereas working in state or private schools and visiting English speaking countries revealed significant differences in the beliefs and practices of the teachers with regard to their use of L2 to teach L2. The results were discussed with suggestions to maximize L2 use in EFL classrooms.
Gas Migration in PMCD Operations: Influence of Mud Type and Properties
Authors: Samdani Ganesh Arunkumar , Rao Sai Sashankh , Gupta Vishwas Paul
Published: March 2022

Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) is commonly used in carbonate formations with massive lost returns. However, gas migration during PMCD is not well-understood and therefore estimates of gas migration rate are very conservative. In this paper, a dynamic well control simulator is used to study wellbore-scale gas migration dynamics during a PMCD process. The simulator is further used to understand the effects of mud type and mud properties on gas migration. It is observed that, the large gas bubbles break into a swarm of smaller bubbles under typical field downhole conditions. The resulting gas swarm migrates at ~0.7 ft/s in water and the migration velocity reduces by ~50% to ~0.4 ft/s in water-based mud (WBM) with oil/surfactant. For synthetic-based mud (SBM), the gas migration rate reduces to ~12-15% of that in water to ~0.1 ft/s as the reservoir gas dissolves in SBM. These results do not include the effect of gas holdup on gas velocity which would further reduce the gas migration velocity during PMCD. This work is pioneering because it provides a deeper understanding of the length-scale dependent multiphase-flow dynamics during gas migration that is being revealed for the first time. This understanding is further used to provide a reliable method to estimate gas migration rates for a given set of fluid properties and operational conditions. The study also shows that a significantly low gas migration rate can be achieved by using a mud with high gas-solubility, reducing surface tension and lowering mud viscosity. These findings can be used to reduce fluid costs and logistics, and to improve planning of PMCD applications.
Real-Time Drilling Bit Fault and Symptom Diagnosis During Operation Based on Cutter Force Modeling of PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits
Authors: Gomar Mostafa , Elahifar Behzad
Published: March 2022

Wired drillpipe with along string measurement sensors is a key to drilling events prediction. An interesting objective during drilling operations is real-time assessment of the drill bit to determine an acceptable time to stop drilling and change the drill bit. In addition, dynamic modeling of the drillstring requires the calculation of forces at the bit. A novel approach to deal with this challenge involved experiments and the evaluation of the forces on the cutters based on their geometrical characteristics, rock, and drilling parameters.

In this research two empirical correlations were developed based on the experimental data from numerous works to evaluate normal and contact forces on polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters. More than 700 data points were collected and utilized to investigate the influence of parameters such as differential pressure, cutter size, cut depth, cutter wear state, rock drillability, and back rake angle on the normal and contact forces on cutters. Machine learning techniques such as deep learning, nonlinear regression approaches, and genetic algorithms were implemented to fit nonlinear equations to data points.

The outcome of this research (cutter-force equations) could be utilized to determine normal, lateral, and tangential forces on PDC cutters as inputs and constraints to model drillstring dynamics. Besides, the models could be adopted as a measure to assess bit conditions in real-time drilling and predict drilling events and issues related to the bit and mitigate drawbacks before they occur.

All available correlations and equations concerning cutter-rock interaction only consider one or two parameters or are just applicable under atmospheric conditions. The novelty of this research revolves around developing thorough cutter-force models to include all design and operational parameters under real differential fluid pressure.
HFTO Solved: Proven Mitigation of High Frequency Torsional Oscillations in Motor-Assisted Rotary Steerable Applications
Authors: Wilson J. K. , Heisig G. , Freyer C.
Published: March 2022

High frequency torsional oscillation (HFTO) has gained considerable attention over the past several years due, in large part, to the continued use of motor-assisted Rotary-Steerable Systems. The consequences of such vibration events can be increased repair and maintenance costs, noisy measurements, and/or premature failures. While there are commercial tools available that can provide some relief to the symptoms of HFTO, data gathered thus far does not point to a consistent, reliable, and cost-effective solution to the problem. In light of current HFTO mitigation limitations, a new solution has been developed that shows promise in limiting the HFTO response in the BHA, if not removing it entirely. This new mitigation component is integrated directly into a Rotary-Steerable System. As a result, there are no requirements for additional tooling, connections, or special handling to mitigate these vibrations.

The development of the presented method for mitigating HFTO stems from several years of gathering, and thoroughly analyzing, downhole data captured in a rotary-steerable system run below mud motors. A method for detecting HFTO in real-time is also presented, and the frequency and vibrational pattern of this dynamic phenomenon is confirmed in post-well reviews of high frequency data. Proprietary modeling is used to confirm that the measured frequencies seen downhole are associated with torsional resonant frequencies of the BHA, which is a defining characteristic of this particular vibration mode. A concept is developed for mitigating these types of downhole vibrations, based on the detailed understanding of the vibration characteristics, using a proven approach from outside the industry. Feasibility of this technology is confirmed through extensive vibration modeling. Prototype tools have been built and tested downhole in several US land basins over the past year. The positive results seen during initial field-testing has led to the new HFTO mitigation tool now being a standard technology for motor-assist RSS applications.

Results have shown a consistent reduction in HFTO vibration, both in terms of amplitude and duration. Amplitude reductions between 50-100% have been observed routinely, which has led to a measureable increase in reliability and longevity of components being run below a mud motor. Based on how the mitigation tool is set up, a greater or lesser damping effect is seen in the measured HFTO response. This suggests the mitigation tool can be adjusted for targeted damping in certain scenarios, and may have a benefit in more than just rotary-steerable applications.
Improving Drilling Operations with Well Path Analysis using Borehole Torsion and Well Curvature
Authors: Turner William , Al Adawi Samaa Saif Salim , Li Yongfeng , Pryporov Maksym , Lightfoot Jonathan , Samuel Robello
Published: March 2022

In recent years multiple papers on borehole torsion, well curvature, and well profile energy have been published, highlighting the potential value in describing the well path with these new indices. (Samuel et al. 2021; Samuel and Zhang 2019; Samuel and Liu 2009; Samuel et al. 2005) In practice, these well path calculations have proven more challenging to calculate in comparison to more common measures such as dogleg severity. To enable the use of these new metrics, a web application was developed to make the outputs accessible to drilling engineers globally. Once available, the use of torsion and curvature aids in interpreting and anticipating downhole trajectory related issues and assists in differentiating between borehole cleaning and trajectory problems. This paper presents an overview of the web application, the method used for calculation, and two case studies demonstrating the real time application of torsion and torsion/curvature ratio representing how they provide additional insight beyond what is available from evaluating dogleg severity alone.

A real-time methodology has been implemented by combining operational experience with multiple trajectory metrics. Proactive wellpath evaluation proved to be key in identifying measured depth intervals with higher likelihood for operational challenges during casing running and tripping operations in Permian Delaware Basin laterals.
Progress Toward an Open-Source Drilling Community: Contributing and Curating Models
Authors: Shor Roman J. , Kandala Shanti Swaroop , Gildin Eduardo , Noynaert Sam F. , Losoya Enrique Z. , Kesireddy Vivek , Vishnumolakala Narendra , Kim Inho , Ng James , Wilson Josh K. , Cayeux Eric , Dixit Rajat , Payette Gregory S. , Cunningham Ty , Pastusek Paul E.
Published: March 2022

As a follow-up to the challenge set forth by (Pastusek et al, 2019) to create an open-source drilling community for modelling and data, this paper presents the charter, contribution methods, workflows, and interoperability standards of the open source drillstring modelling community. A series of examples, ranging from simple drillstring and fluids models to coupled drillstring dynamics models are included. They demonstrate the coding styles, validation, and verification necessary to submit a model to the repository. These models include a torsional drillstring model, a coupled axial-torsional drillstring dynamics model with integrated control system responses, an advanced fluid model for drilling fluids, and a bottomhole assembly dynamics model. The drillstring modelling and overall optimization communities are invited to make use of these models and contribute their own to create an active ecosystem that promotes progress.
Optical Modelling Of Gaas/Gasb Core-Shell Cone Topped Octagonal Faced Nanopillar Array With Periodic Trapezoidal Textured Cut For High Photon Trapping Efficiency
Authors: Baruah Smriti , Bora Joyatri , Borah Janmoni , Maity Santanu
Published: March 2022

Proficiency in light reflectance mitigation is the most crucial factor for high photodetector performance.In this respect light trapping mechanism based on nanostructures or microstructures such as nanopillars,nanocones,nanopyramids have emerged as the most promising candidate for reducing overall light reflectance. This could be attributed to its effective large irradiation area, multiple scattering of incident light as well as increased path length of incident rays in these nanostructures.This paper proposes an optical modelling of a GaAs/GaSb material based vertically oriented core-shell cone topped octagonal shaped nanopillar structure with periodical trapezoidal nanotexturization over it to be deployed over a circular planar detector’s surface of radius 50um.The geometrical analytical investigation of the proposed model exhibits a 0.999 overall absorbance and 0.995A/W photoresponsivity along with 87% EQE at 1um operating wavelength.
The ‘study walk-through': a method to help translate your protocol into an accurate and successful study
Authors: Lang Trudie
Published: March 2022

Background
The operational planning and delivery of a clinical study determines whether it can answer the question that it has set. Strong methodology is needed to ensure that the study endpoints are measured accurately, safely and ethically. The study walk-through is a method to ensure that every step in a study protocol is carefully considered in its operational context, and that those responsible for undertaking the step are tasked with overseeing it appropriately. This article describes the study walk-through approach, with the aim of informing others about its use.
Methods
To implement the study walk-through method, the entire study team is gathered as early as possible in the planning of the study. An overview of the study protocol is presented, focusing on the primary endpoints and how these will be measured. One team member then leads the process of describing the study step-by-step, as it would be operated at the study centres. Each team member is encouraged to imagine each step from the participant’s perspective. The process covers steps from community engagement and recruitment, through each visit, until the end of the study. The processes and data collected are discussed in the context of actions that relate specifically to the participants, e.g. clinical assessments. The coordinator leads the discussion of each study step, which is recorded as the discussion flows.
Results
The study walk-through method has been applied and refined in highly varied clinical studies over 20 years. Across the three examples presented, which span malaria, podoconiosis and Ebola virus research, the method was used to anticipate and address a diverse range of operational issues. These included issues relating to protocol design, the recruitment and retention of study participants, randomisation, maintaining study blinding, primary endpoint measurement, transporting samples, data entry and follow-up.
Conclusions
This effective method ensures that each team member fully understands the protocol and research question, allowing them to identify elements of their role that are key to the study outcome. This process also uses the experience of each team member to inform the design and operational planning of the study, thereby raising standards and reducing errors.
Efficacy of Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Kaneta Anri , Sasada Hirotaka , Matsumoto Takuma , Sakai Tsuyoshi , Sato Shuichi , Hara Takashi
Published: March 2022

Background. Early cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with acute cholecystitis. However, emergency surgery may not be indicated due to complications and disease severity. Patients requiring drainage are usually treated with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD), whereas patients with biliary duct stones undergo endoscopic stones removal followed by endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD). Herein, we investigated the efficacy of EGBD in patients with acute cholecystitis.Methods. Overall, 101 patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy between September 2019 and September 2020 in our department were retrospectively analyzed.Results. The patients (n = 101) were divided into three groups: control group that did not undergo drainage (n = 67), a group that underwent EGBD (n = 7), and a group that underwent PTGBD (n = 27). Average surgery time was 124.0, 191.9, and 150.7 minutes, respectively. Control group had a significantly shorter surgery time, whereas it did not significantly differ between EGBD and PTGBD groups. The average amount of bleeding was 11.8 g, 7.1 g, and 30.6 g, respectively, and control group had significantly less bleeding than PTGBD group. We further divided patients into the following subgroups: patients requiring a 5-mm clip to ligate the cystic duct, patients requiring a 10-mm clip due to the thickness of the cystic duct, patients requiring an automatic suturing device, and patients undergoing subtotal cholecystectomy due to impossible cystic duct ligation. There was no significant difference between EGBD and PTGBD regarding the clip used or the need for an automatic suturing device and subtotal cholecystectomy.Conclusion. There was no significant difference between EGBD and PTGBD groups regarding surgery time or bleeding amount when surgery was performed after gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. Therefore, EGBD was considered a useful preoperative drainage method requiring no drainage bag.
The relationship between the status of hypertension and lifestyle risk factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: a case-control study
Authors: Yan Xiwu , Meng Ting , Liu Huaijun , Liu Jinfeng , Du Jun , Chang Cheng
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
In epidemiological studies, hypertension is related to the difference in the incidence of cognitive impairment, but the evidence is currently inconsistent regarding the association of disease duration, treatment, control, and life risk factors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with hypertension.
METHODS
We selected 572 patients with hypertension treated in six medical centers in Nanjing from 2017 to 2020. The cognitive function of participants was assessed using MoCA. Potential risk factors were investigated by a structured questionnaire. Risk factors associated with the conversion of MCI occurring in hypertension were analyzed using multifactorial regression analysis.
RESULTS
MCI was observed in 256 of 572 individuals. MCI was more likely with increasing age (OR=1.15, 95%CI 1.10-1.20), and high education was better at preventing MCI (OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.32-0.71) among baseline clinical characteristics. Risk factors independently associated with MCI were diabetes (OR=2.40, 95%CI 1.53-3.76), Hyperlipidemia (OR=1.49, 95%=1.01-2.16), high salt diet (OR=2.27, 95%CI 1.34-3.84), and physical activity:༞2h/week (OR=0.65, 95%0.44-0.94). Controlling blood pressure to target values helped prevent MCI(OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.30-0.65), and these results were similar when stratified by age.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that it is necessary to popularize hypertension knowledge and a healthy lifestyle, and optimize treatment to achieve the goal of preventing cognitive decline in the middle-aged and elderly.
Use Recognizable Digital twin in Virtual Measurement for General Both Evaluation of Additive & Subtractive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Chang Han-Jui , Zhang Guang-Yi , Lu Shu-Zhou
Published: March 2022

Background: "Subtractive manufacturing" and "additive manufacturing" are inseparable mechanical processing manufacturing processes, and must be carried out at the same time is an established processing concept. In order to achieve continuous improvement, production machine tools are required to effectively identify the causes of possible defects. Therefore, the uncertainty of performance prediction is a very important subject. Methods: Combination of Digital Twin、RPE and VM is used to make the quantized value close to the true overall average value, which can be used with other algorithm theorems. Results: Final Total σ (sigma) represents the σ control value after comparing the DT value of these types of "reduced additive manufacturing" with the experimental value of ET. It shows result of overall additive manufacturing is 53 σ, and Table 5 shows that of overall subtractive manufacturing is 64 σ. It can be evaluate the performance of the concept of adding or subtracting material manufacturing and processing to promote the subsequent development of artificial intelligence (AI).Conclusions: The combined RPE method is not limited to cutting test parts of any geometry, and can be designed that the cutting test parts also collect sufficient statistical data. The detailed information about machine tool analysis considers the advantages and disadvantages of each machine tool. Designers must continue to improve the performance of adding and subtracting materials, and objectively give evaluation qualified performance indicators, in order to continuously correct the improvement and perform performance evaluation.
Habitat Fragmentation Did Not Affect the Composition of Braconid Wasp Communities in Tropical Lowland Forests of Panama
Authors: Scott Louise A. Rodríguez , Medianero Enrqiue
Published: March 2022

Background
The forests along the eastern bank of the Panama Canal have been conserved for more than 200 years; however, in the last 171 years, these sites have been pressured by anthropic activities. Studies of the influence of habitat fragmentation on braconid wasp communities in Central America is scarce, showing the existing information gap on these communities required to implement strategic plans for ecosystem sustainability and conservation. This study investigated how fragmentation affects braconid wasp communities in three areas in Panama City: Metropolitan Natural Park, Albrook and Corozal. Two permanent Malaise Traps were installed in the center of each fragment and were reviewed weekly from May 2019 to March 2020. Similarity and fragmentation indices were used to demonstrate the influence of habitat fragmentation on braconid wasp communities.
Results
There is a decrease in the degree of fragmentation (FRAG=6.95, on a scale of 0-10). A similarity of 99% was estimated for the composition of wasp community in the fragments studied. Wasp subfamily and morphospecies assemblages were more similar between fragments of Albrook and Metropolitan Natural Park. Richness and abundance of braconid wasps observed were statistically different between the fragments studied.
Conclusion
Landscapes with an intermediate degree of fragmentation does not influence the composition of braconid wasp communities, reflected by high similarity between communities. Therefore, the fragments studied can be used as stepping stones to maintain remaining populations of braconid wasp communities. Monitoring is recommended to assess the effect of fragmentation on the remaining forests.
Plastome comparison and phylogenomic of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae): insights into detailed sequence divergence and taxonomic relationships
Authors: Li Qiu-jie , Liu Yu , Wang An-hu , Chen Qing-fu , Wang Jian-mei , Peng Lu , Yang Yi
Published: March 2022

Background: Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) is a small plant lineage comprised of more than fifteen economically and medicinally important species. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus are not well explored, and the characteristics of Fagopyrum chloroplast genomes (plastomes) remain poorly understood so far. It restricts the comprehension of species diversity in Fagopyrum. Therefore, a comparative plastome analysis and comprehensive phylogenomic analyses are required to reveal the taxonomic relationship among species of Fagopyrum. Results: In the current study, 12 plastomes were sequenced and assembled from eight species and two varieties of Fagopyrum. In the comparative analysis and phylogenetic analysis, eight previously published plastomes of Fagopyrum were also included. A total of 49 plastomes of other genera in Polygonaceae were retrieved from GenBank and used for comparative analysis with Fagopyrum. The variation of the Fagopyrum plastomes is mainly reflected in the size and boundaries of inverted repeat/single copy (IR/SC) regions. Fagopyrum is a relatively basal taxon in the phylogenomic framework of Polygonaceae comprising a relatively smaller plastome size (158,768–159,985 bp) than another genus of Polygonaceae (158,851–170,232 bp). A few genera of Polygonaceae have nested distribution of the IR/SC boundary variations. Although most species of Fagopyrum show the same IRb/SC boundary with species of Polygonaceae, only a few species show different IRa/SC boundaries. The phylogenomic analyses of Fagopyrum supported the cymosum and urophyllum groups and resolved the systematic position of subclades within the urophyllum group. Moreover, the repeat sequence types and numbers were found different between groups of Fagopyrum. The plastome sequence similarity showed significant differences between intra-group and inter-group.Conclusions: The deletions of intergenic regions cause a short length of Fagopyrum plastomes, which may be the main reason for plastome size diversity in Polygonaceae species. Most of the Polygonaceae plastomes may have experienced gene loss events, resulting in the nested distribution of IR/SC boundary variation. The phylogenomic reconstruction combined with the characteristics comparison of plastomes supports grouping within Fagopyrum. The outcome of these genome resources may facilitate the taxonomy, germplasm resources identification as well as plant breeding of Fagopyrum.
Inbreeding depression in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) over generations
Authors: NARAYANAPUR VIJAYAKUMAR B , B Suma , S Minimol J , V Santoshkumar A , Mathew Deepu
Published: March 2022

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is the third important beverage from Amazon forest basin. The processed seeds are used for the production of chocolate, cocoa powder and cocoa butter. The cross pollinating nature coupled with existence of self/cross incompatibility poses much difficulty to the cocoa breeders. Variation within the population is the basis for the selection. The cocoa inbreds of various genotypes belonging to different generations, maintained at Cocoa Research Centre (CRC) were evaluated from 2016-2019. In the S1, S2, generation of M 18.7 genotype positive inbreeding depression was observed for 17 and 16 characters respectively, whereas, maximum inbreeding depression (10%) was observed for wet bean weight per pod. In the S1, S2 and S3 generation of G II 7.4 genotype, positive inbreeding depression was observed for 10,15 and 7 characters respectively, whereas, highest negative inbreeding depression (-92.45 per cent) for ridge thickness i.e., high ridge thickness was observed in S4 generation. In the S1 and S2 generation of G IV 35.7, positive inbreeding was observed in 16 and 15 characters respectively. The similar trend of inbreeding depression in various genotypes has shown both negative and positive inbreeding depression. The inbreeding depression in cocoa inbreds over generation was not stable. ridge thickness and bean thickness, yield per pod per tree, pod index and phenol content have shown negative inbreeding depression indicating that these characters are controlled by additive genes.