bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Chalcogen Peptides as Ligands for the Catalytic Enantioselective Aryl Transfer Reaction to Aldehydes.
Authors: Schwab Ricardo S. , Soares Letiere C. , Dornelles Luciano , Rodrigues Oscar E. D. , Paixao Marcio W. , Godoi Marcelo , Braga Antonio L.
Published: October 2010

A new class of chiral chalcogen peptide based ligands is prepared and applied in the zinc‐catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids in Barbier—Zaitsev Reaction. Synthesis of 1‐(Perfluorophenyl)‐2‐phenylethanol in the Presence of Iron Pentacarbonyl.
Authors: Vasil'eva T. T. , Ambartsumyan A. A. , Chakhovskaya O. V. , Kochetkov K. A.
Published: October 2010

This is the first example for a Barbier—Zaitsev reaction of pentafluorobenzaldehyde promoted by iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of an equimolar amount of ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Thio Derivatives of Dibenzosuberone: Potential Antidepressant Compounds.
Authors: Martins Paulo R. C. , Romeiro Gilberto A. , Ribeiro Carlos M. R.
Published: October 2010

Title compounds are prepared by regioselective iodination with Tl(tfa)3/KI followed by a modified Ullmann reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol‐Mediated Tandem Michael—Aldol Reaction: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Fused Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Samanta Shubhankar , Yasmin Nasima , Kundu Debasish , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: October 2010

Esters of type (I) bearing a formyl group are treated with methyl thioglycolate in order to get thiopyrans of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Anthrone to Enone.
Authors: Wu Chunlin , Li Wenjun , Yang Juanjuan , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: October 2010

The Michael addition of anthrones (I) towards enones (II) and (IV) is achieved in high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 93% e.e.) in the presence of a novel quinine‐derived thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed One‐Step Practical Synthesis of Oxetan‐3‐ones from Readily Available Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Ye Longwu , He Weimin , Zhang Liming
Published: October 2010

This strategy uses alkynes as synthetic equivalents to α—diazoketones for accessing intermediary α—oxo metal carbenes.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Aryl Isothiocyanates and Nitroolefines: An Efficient Synthesis of β‐Thiolactams.
Authors: Awasthi Chhama , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: October 2010

The reaction proceeds with high diastereoselectivity in favor of the cis‐substituted products.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydrofurans from Substituted Hex‐5‐yne‐1,4‐diols.
Authors: Schwehm Carolin , Wohland Max , Maier Martin E.
Published: October 2010

It is discovered that hex‐5‐yne‐1,4‐diols of type (I) undergo metal‐catalyzed Meyer—Schuster rearrangement followed by an intramolecular Michael addition to yield 2,5‐disubstituted tetrahydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Ammonium (Hypo)iodite Catalysis for Enantioselective Oxidative Cycloetherification.
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Okamoto Hiroaki , Yasui Takeshi , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: October 2010

Asymmetric oxidative cyclization of ketophenols (I) proceeds smoothly in the presence of an in situ generated chiral quaternary ammonium hypoiodite to afford 2‐acyldihydrobenzofuran derivatives (II) in up to 92% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Bromo‐2‐trifluoroacetylcyclobutenes as Novel Building Blocks for the Construction of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Heterocycles. Part 2. Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Thiophenes, Condensed with Cyclobutene Moieties.
Authors: Koldobskii Andrey B. , Tsvetkov Nikolay P. , Solodova Ekaterina V. , Kalinin Valery N.
Published: October 2010

A novel general method for the construction of cyclobutarenes containing trifluoromethylated thiophenes fused with the strained cyclobutene ring is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Allylic Amination/Sonogashira/Heterocyclization Reactions: Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of Pyrroles.
Authors: Lamande‐Langle Sandrine , Abarbri Mohamed , Thibonnet Jerome , Duchene Alain , Parrain Jean‐Luc
Published: October 2010

Optimal reaction conditions are found for the three‐component synthesis of pyrroles (IV), (VI), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity Evaluation and QSAR Studies of Novel Dispiropyrrolidines.
Authors: Karthikeyan K. , Sivakumar P. M. , Doble M. , Perumal P. T.
Published: October 2010

Cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide, generated in situ from isatins (IV) and sarcosine (V), with the dipolarophile (III) yields the dispiropyrrolidines (VI) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities of Some Novel Pyrazolines Derivatives.
Authors: Joshi Ratnadeep S. , Mandhane Priyanka G. , Diwakar Santosh D. , Dabhade Sanjay K. , Gill Charansingh H.
Published: October 2010

The title compounds (IIa), (IIb), (IId), (IVa), (IVc), and (IVd) exhibit good analgesic and antiinflammatory inhibition and are almost equipotent to the standard compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoprene‐Mediated Lithiation of 1‐Alkylimidazoles: Chiral Induction of the Alkyl Substituent.
Authors: Pastor Isidro M. , Torregrosa Rosario , Yus Miguel
Published: October 2010

The isoprene‐mediated lithiation of imidazoles (IV) bearing a secondary alkyl substituent at the nitrogen and subsequent nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones (V) allows the preparation of the corresponding 2‐functionalized imidazoles (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 4‐ and 7‐Sulfonylated 2‐Substituted Benzoxazoles
Authors: Bruyneel Frederic , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline
Published: October 2010

Two routes are presented which allow the preparation of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Alkyl/Aryl Exchange of 2‐Iminothiazoles with Isothiocyanates and Isocyanates: Scopes and Limitations.
Authors: Shin Dongyun , Lee Jihoon , Hahn Hoh‐Gyu
Published: October 2010

A detailed study on previously briefly published results is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Derivatives. Part 4. Synthesis and anti‐HIV Activity of New Naphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Hamad Nawar S. , Al‐Haidery Nahed H. , Al‐Maosudi Iman A. , Sabri Mey , Sabri Luma , Al‐Masoudi Najim A.
Published: October 2010

Among the compounds synthesized, derivative (VI) is found to be a potent inhibitor in vitro for the replication of HIV‐1.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Synthesis of Lavendustin‐Mimetic Small Molecules by Click Fragment Assembly.
Authors: Yoon Jieun , Ryu Jae‐Sang
Published: October 2010

A series of title compounds of type (III) are prepared and evaluated against HCT116 colon cancer and CCRF‐CEM leukemia cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 5‐oxo and 5‐thio Derivatives of 1,4‐Diaryl Tetrazoles.
Authors: Gundugola Aditya S. , Chandra Kusum Lata , Perchellet Elisabeth M. , Waters Andrew M. , Perchellet Jean‐Pierre H. , Rayat Sundeep
Published: October 2010

A series of title compounds are tested for their antiproliferative activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Theoretical Studies of Gallium Complexes Back‐Shielded by a Cage‐Shaped Framework of Tris(m‐oxybenzyl)arene.
Authors: Nakajima Hideto , Yasuda Makoto , Chiba Kouji , Baba Akio
Published: October 2010

Four novel cage‐shaped gallium complexes (I) are prepared and evaluated for their catalytic activity in a hetero Diels—Alder reaction of Danishefsky′s diene (II) with benzaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Vinylation of Kojic Acid Using Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine or tert‐Butyl Isocyanide.
Authors: Asghari Sakineh , Faraji‐Najjarkolaee Maryam , Ahmadipour Mohammad
Published: October 2010

PPh3‐mediated reaction of Kojic acid (I) with acetylenedicarboxylates (II) gives the C‐vinylated products (III), whereas the tBuNC‐mediated reaction of (I) with acetylenecarboxylates (IV) under similar conditions provides the O‐vinylated products (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Cytotoxicity of Poly‐Functionalized 4‐(2‐Arylthiazol‐4‐yl)‐4H‐chromenes.
Authors: Foroumadi Alireza , et al. et al.
Published: October 2010

A new series of thiazolylchromene derivatives (IV) is synthesized via one‐pot, three‐component condensation of thiazolecarbaldehyde (III) with m‐aminophenol (I) and malononitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Biological Studies on Some Fused Pyrazoles (VI) and Their Ethoxyphthalimide Derivatives (VIII).
Authors: Joshi Ajit , Sain Devendra K. , Thadhaney Bhawana , Ojha Swati , Hussain Nasir , Talesara Ganpat L.
Published: October 2010

Derivatives (VIIIc) and (VIIId) show moderate to good antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Halogenated Quinolines by Halide‐Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of o‐Alkynylaryl Isocyanides.
Authors: Mitamura Takenori , Nomoto Akihiro , Sonoda Motohiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: October 2010

Different types of halide sources are used for the preparation of the title quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Reductions of N‐Heterocycles via Lewis Acid Catalyzed Hydrogenation.
Authors: Geier Stephen J. , Chase Preston A. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: October 2010

The B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed hydrogenation of quinolines (I) proceeds readily to afford 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines (II) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Pyridobenzimidazole Derivatives Exhibiting Antifungal Activity by the Inhibition of β‐1,6‐Glucan Synthesis.
Authors: Takeshita Hiroshi , Watanabe Jun , Kimura Yoichi , Kawakami Katsuhiro , Takahashi Hisashi , Takemura Makoto , Kitamura Akihiro , Someya Kazuhiko , Nakajima Ryohei
Published: October 2010

Several title compounds of type (VI), (VIII), or (IX) are evaluated for their antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Thiophenes, Thienopyrimidines, and Triazolothienopyrimidines for the Evaluation of Anticancer and Augmentation Effects of γ‐Radiation.
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed A. , Ghorab Mostafa M. , Heiba Helmy I. , Kamel Mona M. , Zaher Nashwa H. , Mostafa Mohamed I.
Published: October 2010

Compounds (III), (IV), (VIII) and (X) show significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma compared to the reference drug doxorubicin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Substitutedsulfonyl piperazin‐1‐yl‐methyl)‐3‐aryl‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one.
Authors: Acharyulu Palle V. R. , Dubey P. K. , Reddy P. V. V. Prasada , Suresh Thatipally
Published: October 2010

Simple, efficient and novel routes for the synthesis of the title compounds (VI) (9 examples) are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Antimicrobial Studies of New 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones of 2‐[2‐(2,6‐Dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl Acetic Acid.
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Shaikh Asif R.
Published: October 2010

Most of the synthesized compounds (VII) (15 examples) show comparable antibacterial activity like ampicillin and strong activity against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Annulation Reactions of 1,2,3,4‐Benzothiatriazine‐1,1(2H)‐dioxides with Allenes.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Yamauchi Motoshi , Kosaka Akira , Murakami Masahiro
Published: October 2010

A wide range of benzothiazine dioxides is smoothly prepared by Ni‐catalyzed asymmetric recyclization of title benzothiatriazine dioxides (I), (VII) with allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular N‐Arylation in Heterocyclization: Synthesis of New Pyrido‐Fused Pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepinones.
Authors: Legeren Loreto , Dominguez Domingo
Published: October 2010

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the cyclization of pyridine‐substituted L‐proline amides to give the title compounds via intramolecular N‐arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tailored Hybrid BODIPY—Oligothiophene Donor for Molecular Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Improved Performances.
Authors: Rosseau Theodulf , Cravino Antonio , Ripaud Emilie , Leriche Philippe , Rihn Sandra , De Nicola Antoinette , Ziessel Raymond , Roncali Jean
Published: October 2010

Fixation of a hexyl‐2,2′‐bithienyl unit on a conjugated BODIPY donor increases the conversion efficiency of the resulting molecular bulk heterojunction solar cell significantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Full Chirality Transfer in the Conversion of Secondary Alcohols into Tertiary Boronic Esters and Alcohols Using Lithiation—Borylation Reactions.
Authors: Bagutski Viktor , French Rosalind M. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: October 2010

New reaction conditions for the synthesis of enantioenriched tertiary boronic esters or alcohols are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Hydroxy‐Functionalized Chiral Salen Ligand (III) and Its Use in the Synthesis of Dioxadiazasilamacroheterocycles
Authors: Singh M. S. , Singh Pratibha , Gupta Ashutosh
Published: October 2010

such as (V) (8 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Dichotomous Reactivity in the Reaction of Triethyl‐ and Triphenylphosphane HBr Salts with Dimethyl Acetals: A Novel Entry to α‐Alkoxy‐Functionalized Ylides and General Synthesis of Vinyl Ethers and Alkoxy Dienes.
Authors: Das Priyabrata , McNulty James
Published: October 2010

The reaction of triethylphosphane hydrobromide with dimethyl acetals gives the corresponding α‐methoxy phosphonium salts under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonenzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic β‐Hydroxyalkanephosphonates with a Chiral Copper Catalyst.
Authors: Moriyama Atsushi , Matsumura Shintaro , Kuriyama Masami , Onomura Osamu
Published: October 2010

A wide range of aromatic and aliphatic β‐hydroxyphosphonates (I) and (IV) is kinetically resolved via o‐fluorobenzoylation in the presence of a Cu—box catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Phospha‐Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Wen Shigang , Li Pengfei , Wu Haibo , Yu Feng , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: October 2010

An epiquinine‐derived urea demonstrates good catalytic activity in the enantioselective phospha‐Michael addition of diaryl phosphine oxides (II) to unsaturated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Spiro 6‐Methoxytetralin‐1,3′‐pyrrolidine Based Organoselenocyanates Against Cadmium‐Induced Oxidative and Hepatic Damage in Mice.
Authors: Sk Ugir Hossain , Sharma Arun K. , Ghosh Sulekha , Bhattacharya Sudin
Published: October 2010

The procedure adopted for the synthesis of selenocyanates (X) involves the construction of the pyrrolidine moiety by the intramolecular cyclization of dinitrile (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Thiocamphor with Disulfur Dichloride: Novel Formation of α‐Disulfine.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Tsubota Toshiaki , Tabuchi Miki , Kanto Masayuki , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei , Yokomori Yoshinobu
Published: October 2010

Reaction of thiocamphor (I) with disulfur dichloride affords six‐ and seven‐membered tricyclic polysulfanes (II) and (III), respectively, which are oxidized by MCPBA to give bicyclic (E,E)‐α‐disulfine (IV) stereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Verticillane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata
Authors: Cheng Shi‐Yie , Lin En‐Hung , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Chiang Michael Yen‐Nan , Duh Chang‐Yih
Published: October 2010

isolation, structure determination and antiinflammatory activity of cespitularins R (I) and S (II) along with seven known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents from the Leaves and Stems of Schisandra lancifolia.
Authors: Xiao Wei‐Lie , Yang Liu‐Meng , Zhang Hai‐Bo , Xue Yong‐Bo , Yang Guang‐Yu , Pu Jian‐Xin , Wang Rui‐Rui , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: October 2010

The new nortriterpenoid, 20‐hydroxymicrandilactone D (I), and the novel lignan glycoside, lancilignanside A (II) are isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia along with three known nortriterpenoids and nine known phenolics.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and QSAR Studies of 16‐(3‐Methoxy‐4‐substituted benzylidene) Androstene Derivatives as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Dubey Sonal , Kaur Parmeet , Jindal Dharam Paul , Satyanarayan Yalamanchili Darji , Piplani Poonam
Published: October 2010

A variety of substituted androstene derivatives is synthesized and evaluated for their antineoplastic activity against a panel of three human cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydroxy Steroids and Saponins from China Sea Starfish Asterina pectinifera and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Liu Yonghong , et al. et al.
Published: October 2010

isolation of the new polyhydroxy sterol ester (I) along with seven known steroid derivatives and evaluation for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and their cytotoxicity against human liver carcinoma HepG2 cell line in vitro
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activities of Divinyl Sulfone‐Modified Carbohydrates.
Authors: Pal Tarun Kumar , Dey Tuli , Chakrabarty Arindam , Dey Debanjana , Ghosh Sudip K. , Pathak Tanmaya
Published: October 2010

Carbohydrate epoxides (I) react with mercaptoethanol (II) in a regiospecific fashion to afford the sulfides (III) which upon oxidation, mesylation, and elimination are converted into vinyl sulfones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Glycosyl Sulfides to Sulfoxides with Sodium Hypochlorite and Catalyzed by Metalloporphyrins.
Authors: Huang Jian‐Ying , Li Shi‐Jun , Wang Yan‐Guang
Published: October 2010

The oxidation of glycosyl sulfides to the corresponding glycosyl sulfoxides is carried out using metalloporphyrins as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinlobelane: A Water‐Soluble Lobelane Analogue and Inhibitor of VMAT2.
Authors: Vartak Ashish P. , Deaciuc A. Gabriela , Dwoskin Linda P. , Crooks Peter A.
Published: October 2010

The analogues (IV) of lobelane are synthesized by replacing its phenyl groups with either pyridyl, indolyl, or quinolyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Galactosylceramide Analogues for iNKT Cell Stimulation.
Authors: Chen Wenlan , Xia Chengfeng , Cai Li , Wang Peng George
Published: October 2010

An efficient synthesis of galactosylceramide analogues of type (VIII) for invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell stimulation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Synthesis of (.+‐.) Pterocarpans under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Ventura Claiton P. , Viana Iara Maira de O. , Ferreira Eruzia A. E. , de Freitas Rossimiriam P. , Alves Rosemeire B.
Published: October 2010

Performing the title reaction under microwave irradiation allows significant yield enhancement and reduction of reaction time when compared to traditional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Constituents from Brainea insignis
Authors: Wang Kou , Li Ming‐Ming , Chen Xuan‐Qin , Peng Li‐Yan , Cheng Xiao , Li Yan , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: October 2010

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity of brainicin (I), an unusual flavanol coupled with phenylpropyl and shikimic acid units, and new flavonol acylglycoside brainoside B (II) along with 14 known phenolic compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of ABCG2‐Mediated Drug Efflux by Naphthopyrones from Marine Crinoids.
Authors: Bokesch Heidi R. , Cartner Laura K. , Fuller Richard W. , Wilson Jennifer A. , Henrich Curtis J. , Kelley James A. , Gustafson Kirk R. , McMahon James B. , McKee Tawnya C.
Published: October 2010

Five new naphthopyrones of type (I) or (II) are isolated from crinoids of the family Comasteridae along with 6 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Syntheses of the Proposed Structures of Cytotoxic Macrolides Iriomoteolide‐1a (I) and ‐1b (II).
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Yuan Hao
Published: October 2010

The NMR data of synthetic (I) and (II) differ from those of the natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of a Diastereomer of Iriomoteolide‐1a. What Is the Correct Structure of the Natural Product?
Authors: Fang Lijing , Yang Jiong , Yang Fei
Published: October 2010

Comparison of the NMR data of the synthetic product with those of the natural substance reveals that (I) is epimeric at one or more stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbon Nanorods by Reduction of Carbon Bisulfide.
Authors: Lou Zhengsong , He Minglong , Zhao Dejian , Li Zhongchun , Shang Tongming
Published: October 2010

Carbon nanorods are prepared at large scale from CS2 and metallic Li (autoclave, 600 °C, 10 h, yield given in g) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, TEM, and N2 physisorption.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Synthesis of Urchin‐Like Bi2S3 via Hydrothermal Method.
Authors: Tang Chunjuan , Wang Changqing , Su Fengjian , Zang Chunhe , Yang Yanxin , Zong Zhengjun , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: October 2010

Spherical urchin‐like Bi2S3 flowers consisting of porous nanorods, solid nanorods, or nanowires which grow radially from the center of the nanostructures toward all directions are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions of thiourea and Bi(NO3)3 (autoclave, 140 °C, 0.5—12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel β‐Carbolines with Efficient DNA‐Binding Capacity and Potent Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Cao Rihui , Shi Buxi , Yi Wei , Yu Liang , Song Huacan , Ren Zhenhua , Peng Wenlie
Published: October 2010

19 novel β‐carbolines of type (I) with efficient DNA‐binding capacity and potent cytotoxicity are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Optical Properties of Submicron‐Size Hollow Spheres
Authors: Ye Quan‐Lin , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio
Published: October 2010

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Compounds Based on Magnetic Layered Hydroxides: A Path Towards Multifunctional Materials
Authors: Delahaye Emilie , Eyele‐Mezui Seraphin , Diop Mayoro , Welter Richard , Drillon Marc , Rabu Pierre , Rogez Guillaume
Published: October 2010

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NiMn‐Based Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Kainuma R. , Ito K. , Ito W. , Umetsu R. Y. , Kanomata T. , Ishida K.
Published: October 2010

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spectroscopic Techniques for Determining Acidity and Basicity
Authors: Brunner Eike , Pfeifer Harry
Published: October 2010

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization in Photochromic Ruthenium Sulfoxide Complexes
Authors: McClure Beth Anne , Rack Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2010

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry of Organically Templated Metal Fluorides
Authors: Adil Karim , Leblanc Marc , Maisonneuve Vincent , Lightfoot Philip
Published: October 2010

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes: From Structure to Activity
Authors: Pelosi Giorgio
Published: October 2010

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Syntheses of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Through Palladium‐Mediated Dehydrogenation of Ketones, Aldehydes, Esters, Lactones and Amides
Authors: Muzart Jacques
Published: October 2010

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of 2‐Bromoacetylbenzofurans in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Dawood K. M. , Mohamed H. A. , Abdel‐Wahab B. F.
Published: October 2010

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Complexity—Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Synthetic and Biological Building Blocks in Water
Authors: Zayed Jameel M. , Nouvel Nicolas , Rauwald Urs , Scherman Oren A
Published: October 2010

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Aromatic Belts: Building up Strain in Macrocyclic Polyarenes
Authors: Eisenberg David , Shenhar Roy , Rabinovitz Mordecai
Published: October 2010

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxime‐Derived Palladacycles as Source of Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen
Published: October 2010

Review: about 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Self‐Assembled Monolayers Derived from Surface‐Active Copolymers: A Modular Approach to Functionalized Surfaces
Authors: Park Ji‐Woong , Kim Hyungsoo , Han Mingu
Published: October 2010

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Rosati Fiora , Roelfes Gerard
Published: October 2010

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesogen‐Jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Fang , Shen Zhihao , Wan Xin‐Hua , Fan Xing‐He , Chen Er‐Qiang , Ma Yuguo , Zhou Qi‐Feng
Published: October 2010

Review: 229 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Utilization of Green Solvents in Polymer Chemistry
Authors: Erdmenger Tina , Guerrero‐Sanchez Carlos , Vitz Juergen , Hoogenboom Richard , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: October 2010

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids with a Twist: New Routes to Liquid Salts
Authors: Giernoth Ralf
Published: October 2010

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In Pursuit of a Competitive Target: Total Synthesis of the Antibiotic Kendomycin
Authors: Martin Harry J. , Magauer Thomas , Mulzer Johann
Published: October 2010

Review: about 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Adaptor Protein, STAP‐2 Functions as a Signal Modulator in Immune System
Authors: Sekine Yuichi
Published: October 2010

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flash Vacuum Pyrolytic Generation of Arynes — In Retrospect
Authors: Brown Roger F. C.
Published: October 2010

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Thermal Routes to ortho‐Benzyne
Authors: Cahill Katharine J. , Ajaz Aida , Johnson Richard P.
Published: October 2010

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond the Pummerer Reaction: Recent Developments in Thionium Ion Chemistry
Authors: Smith Laura H. S. , Coote Susannah C. , Sneddon Helen F. , Procter David J.
Published: October 2010

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Searching for Untrodden Paths in Organocatalysis Territory
Authors: Valero Guillem , Companyo Xavier , Bravo Natalia , Alba Andrea‐Nekane R. , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon
Published: October 2010

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unifying Metal and Broensted Acid Catalysis — Concepts, Mechanisms, and Classifications
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Koenigs Rene M. , Atodiresei Iuliana
Published: October 2010

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Systems Chemistry Approach in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wuerthner Frank , Meerholz Klaus
Published: October 2010

Review: ca. 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry — A New Paradigm of Organic Synthesis
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: October 2010

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Stereoselective Glycosylation Through Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery
Authors: Ishiwata Akihiro , Lee Yong Joo , Ito Yukishige
Published: October 2010

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Search for TNF‐α Sensitivity Degradation Principles from Medicinal Foods — Hepatoprotective Amide Constituents from Thai Natural Medicine Piper chaba
Authors: Morikawa Toshio
Published: October 2010

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Arginine in Development of Biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Arakawa Tsutomu
Published: October 2010

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Metal—Organic Frameworks: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents and Beyond
Authors: Della Rocca Joseph , Lin Wenbin
Published: October 2010

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Peptides
Authors: Raghothama S.
Published: October 2010

Review: 62 refs.
Expression of the transcription factor Olig2 in proliferating cells in the adult zebrafish telencephalon
Authors: März Martin , Schmidt Rebecca , Rastegar Sepand , Strähle Uwe
Published: October 2010

The telencephalon of the adult zebrafish is highly proliferative: Dividing cells are found along the entire ventricular zone and in the parenchyma. Here, we investigated the relation of proliferating cells in the telencephalic parenchyma to the oligodendrocyte lineage. We find at least three different cell types of the oligodendrocyte lineage (olig2‐and sox10‐positive) in the parenchyma of the telencephalon: Proliferating progenitors (PCNA‐positive), including a subpopulation of slowly dividing progenitors (long term label‐retaining), as well as mature oligodendrocytes (Mbp‐positive) and presumptive quiescent OPCs (neither Mbp‐positive nor proliferating). Furthermore, in the ventricular zone (in and ventral to the RMS), two different subpopulations of olig2‐positive cell populations are present. Since these ventricular olig2‐positive cells do not express the oligodendrocyte marker sox10, it is not clear whether these cells indeed belong to the oligodendrocyte lineage. Taken together, we detected at least five different classes of olig2‐positive cells in the telencephalon of the adult zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 239:3336–3349, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic coronary vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are regulated by interactions between multiple FGFs and VEGF and are influenced by mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tomanek Robert J. , Christensen Lance P. , Simons Michael , Murakami Masahiro , Zheng Wei , Schatteman Gina C.
Published: October 2010

In embryonic hearts explanted on collagen gels, epicardial cells delaminate and form vascular tubes, thus providing a model for coronary tubulogenesis. Using this model, we show that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 18 contribute to tubulogenesis and that the availability of multiple FGFs provides the optimal tubulogenic response. Moreover, the FGF effects are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ‐dependent, while VEGF‐induced tubulogenesis requires FGF signaling. The number of endothelial cells (ECs) is increased by all of the FGFs, while EC migration is significantly enhanced only by FGF‐2 and FGF‐18. Finally, addition of embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (EMSC) to the explants markedly enhances EC numbers and a 23‐fold increase in stromal derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α), which is FGF dependent. Both explants and EMSCs produce SDF‐1α. In conclusion, coronary tubulogenesis of embryonic epicardium: (1) is responsive to many FGF family members, (2) requires both FGF and VEGFA signaling, and (3) is responsive to EMSCs. Developmental Dynamics 239:3182–3191, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The dual histone demethylase KDM7A promotes neural induction in early chick embryos
Authors: Huang Chengyang , Chen Jun , Zhang Ting , Zhu Qingqing , Xiang Yang , Chen Charlie Degui , Jing Naihe
Published: October 2010

Neural induction is the initial event of nervous system development during which part of the ectoderm is specified to become the embryonic neural plate. The biological roles of histone modification enzymes in the neural induction of early embryos remain unclear. Here, we show that an evolutionarily conserved dual histone demethylase KDM7A (KIAA1718) is predominantly expressed in epiblast cells of the primitive streak in early chick embryos. Overexpression of KDM7A in chick embryos leads to expansion of the neural plate, whereas knockdown of the gene impairs formation of the neural plate. We also show that KDM7A regulates Fgf4 expression in the primitive streak and that co‐electroporation of a chick Fgf4 expression vector with KDM7A siRNA rescues the neural induction defect in chick embryos. Taken together, these results reveal an important role for histone demethylases in the determination of neural fate, and they highlight the mechanistic complexity of neural induction in early embryos. Developmental Dynamics 239:3350–3357, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GPR56 is essential for testis development and male fertility in mice
Authors: Chen Guangchun , Yang Liquan , Begum Shahinoor , Xu Lei
Published: October 2010

Testis development is critical for male fertility and continuation of the mammalian species. Essential structural components of testes are seminiferous tubules, which are lined by Sertoli cells and provide nutrients and physical protection for the maturation of sperm. Seminiferous tubule formation is initiated in embryos as testis cords and relies on their remodeling for maturation during development. Recently, three‐dimensional image analyses showed that testis cords in different parts of embryonic gonads undergo distinct remodeling processes. How this asymmetric remodeling is regulated has not been investigated. We report here that the absence of an adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor, GPR56, leads to partial disruption of seminiferous tubules and reduced fertility in male mice. The defects appear to originate asymmetrically in embryonic gonads, but subsequent to the initial establishment of testis cords, suggesting that GPR56 might act to establish a spatial and/or temporal cue for asymmetric cord remodeling during male gonad development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3358–3367, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonbonded Interactions Tune Selectivities in Cycloadditions to 2,3‐Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene
Authors: Quadrelli Paolo , Romano Silvano , Caramella Pierluigi
Published: October 2010

The facial selectivity of 2,3‐dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene in cycloaddition reactions is distressingly variable and akin to that of 2‐oxa‐3‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene derivatives. Osmilation takes place on the face anti to the dihetero bridge, while cycloaddition of butadiene affords exclusively the syn cycloadduct. Nitrile oxides add unselectively. B3LYP/LANL2DZ calculations of cycloadditions to 2,3‐dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene reproduce well the experimental selectivities and give insights into the origin of the changes. The double bonds of the olefins are moderately pyramidalized toward the anti space, implying a preferred anti addition. This natural predisposition to anti addition is tuned by the mutual interaction between the addends. On going from osmilation to nitrile oxide and butadiene cycloadditions, the steric effects between the addend and the dimethylene bridge of theolefin increase remarkably and affect the attacking angle Θ and the tilting angle α of the anti addition, enforcing enhanced deformations of the olefin, which almost offset itsnatural anti predisposition. In the case of butadiene, the residual part of the steric effect increases further the anti barrier leading to a neat reversal of selectivity. 2,3‐Dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene shows a larger anti pyramidalization, which is akin to that of norbornene itself and to 2‐oxa‐3‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene derivatives, and mutual steric interactions have only a subordinate influence on selectivity.
Isolation and Racemization Mechanism of Optically Active Benzylmethylphenyltelluronium Salts
Authors: Shimizu Toshio , Sakurai Ryuuya , Azami Yoko , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Kamigata Nobumasa
Published: October 2010

Diastereomeric benzylmethylphenyltelluronium (1S)‐(+)‐ and (1R)‐(–)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonates were synthesized and resolved by fractional recrystallization. The absolute configurations of the isomers were determined by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Enantiomerically pure telluronium salts with achiral counteranions, such as tetrafluoroborate, 4‐chlorobenzenesulfonate, bromide, iodide, and tetraphenylborate, were also obtained by anion‐exchange reactions of the separated diastereomers. The optically active telluronium salts possessing counteranions with a high nucleophilicity, such as bromide and iodide, were found to racemize in solution. The racemization of the telluronium salts was found to proceed either through the formation of a tellurane by the nucleophilic addition of a counteranion to the tellurium atom followed by decomposition into methyl phenyl telluride and benzyl halide or by several pseudorotations of the tellurane.
Synthesis of the Macrolactone of Migrastatin and Analogues with Potent Cell‐Migration Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Dias Luiz C. , Finelli Fernanda G. , Conegero Leila S. , Krogh Renata , Andricopulo Adriano D.
Published: October 2010

The synthesis of the macrolactone core of migrastatin 2, its potent anti‐metastasis analogue 34, and ester derivatives 35 and 38 are reported. The approach involves the use of a dihydroxylation reaction to establish the desired C‐8 stereocenter followed by a metathesis cyclization reaction. The effects of the compounds on the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells were evaluated by using the wound‐healing and the Boyden‐chamber cell‐migration and cell‐invasion assays. The results revealed a high potency of the macrolactones 2 and 34 and the ester analogues 35 and 38, which suggests they have potential as antimetastatic agents.
Synthesis of Novel Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids: N‐Ethyl‐α,β‐dehydroamino Acid Methyl Esters
Authors: Monteiro Luís S. , Kołomańska Joanna , Suarez Ana C.
Published: October 2010

Two routes for the synthesis of N‐ethyl‐N‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐α,β‐dehydroamino acid derivatives from serine, threonine and phenylserine derivatives are presented. One route consists of dehydration of N‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐β‐hydroxyamino acid esters with di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate catalyzed by 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine, followed by alkylation of the N‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐α,β‐dehydroamino acid methyl esters obtained with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. The second strategy applied the same procedures but in inverse order: alkylation followed by dehydration. These methods made it possible to obtain for the first time, new non‐natural amino acids, which incorporate both an N‐ethyl and an α,β‐dehydro moiety.
A simple method for large‐scale generation of dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Morizane Asuka , Darsalia Vladimer , Guloglu M. Oktar , Hjalt Tord , Carta Manolo , Li Jia‐Yi , Brundin Patrik
Published: October 2010

Dopamine (DA) neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are potentially valuable in drug screening and as a possible source of donor tissue for transplantation in Parkinson's disease. However, existing culture protocols that promote the differentiation of DA neurons from hESCs are complex, involving multiple steps and having unreliable results between cultures. Here we report a simple and highly reproducible culture protocol that induces expandable DA neuron progenitors from hESCs in attached cultures. We found that the hESC‐derived neuronal progenitors retain their full capacity to generate DA neurons after repeated passaging in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and medium conditioned with PA6 stromal cells. Using immunocytochemistry and RT‐PCR, we found that the differentiated DA neurons exhibit a midbrain phenotype and express, e.g., Aldh1a, Ptx3, Nurr1, and Lmx1a. Using HPLC, we monitored their production of DA. We then demonstrated that the expanded progenitors are possible to cryopreserve without loosing the dopaminergic phenotype. With our protocol, we obtained large and homogeneous populations of dopaminergic progenitors and neurons. We conclude that our protocol can be used to generate human DA neurons suitable for the study of disease mechanisms, toxicology, drug screening, and intracerebral transplantation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanomechanik des Lebens zum Anfassen. Spiele mit Gummibändern
Authors: Euler Manfred
Published: October 2010

Erstaunlicherweise spielt die Mechanik eine große Rolle bei lebenswichtigen Funktionen biologischer Makromoleküle. Das gilt besonders für die DNS. Dort aktivieren oder inaktivieren bei der genetischen Regulation mechanische Formänderungen die Gene. Diese Nanomechanik ist bei den Zellen höher entwickelter Lebewesen der Schlüssel zur kompakten Faltung der DNS‐Stränge. Erst so passen diese in den vergleichsweise kleinen Zellkern. Beim Auslesen genetischer Information können mehrere offene Schleifen an verschiedenen Stellen der DNS miteinander in Kontakt kommen. Das macht diesen Vorgang komplexer als früher gedacht. Über die Mechanik der Faltungen kann sogar epigenetische Information ins Spiel kommen. Die Physik dieser Nanomechanik lässt sich in einfachen Gummiband‐Experimenten überraschend gut nachspielen.
Intelligent umgarnt. Textile Sensorik
Authors: Ehrmann Andrea , Flacke Eva , Brücken Andrea , Büsgen Alexander
Published: October 2010

Sensorische Textilien können beispielsweise zur Messung der Körpertemperatur, der Atmung oder eines Elektrokardiogramms genutzt werden. In einem Forschungsprojekt wird derzeit ein solches Shirt für Feuerwehrleute entwickelt, um deren Körperfunktionen im gefährlichen Einsatz zu überwachen. Generell ist es eine große Herausforderung, die leitfähigen Garne, die zu textilen Sensorflächen verarbeitet oder auch als Datenleiter genutzt werden, so nachzubehandeln, dass sie im alltäglichen Gebrauch und beim Waschen nicht beschädigt werden. Wenn dies gelingt, eröffnet die textile Sensorik neue Möglichkeiten, Kleidung und andere Textilien “intelligent” zu machen.
Vom Stokes‐Integral zum Finanzmarkt. Einführung in die Makro‐Ökonophysik
Authors: Mimkes Jürgen
Published: October 2010

In der Ökonomie lassen sich viele Funktionen wie Gewinn oder Einkommen nicht von vornherein berechnen. Diese “weichen” Funktionen heißen Putty (Lehm) und lassen sich durch Stokes‐Integrale darstellen. Die Anwendung dieser Integrale auf den modernen Wirtschaftskreislauf nach Irving Fisher führt auf zwei Hauptsätze der Ökonomie, die denen der Thermodynamik äquivalent sind. Mit ihnen lassen sich die Mechanismen von Produktion, Handel, Wirtschaftskreislauf, Geldkreislauf, Wachstum, Finanzmärkte und Finanzkrisen modellieren.
Blick ins Molekül
Authors: Temirov Ruslan , Tautz Stefan
Published: October 2010

Die Erfindung des Rastertunnelmikroskops im Jahre 1981 hat die Oberflächenforschung revolutioniert und darüber hinaus einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entstehung der Nanotechnologie geleistet. Erstmals war es möglich, atomare Strukturen direkt sichtbar zu machen. Durch eine einfache Modifikation des Tunnelkontakts kann die Auflösung eines Rastertunnelmikroskops noch dramatisch verbessert werden, wie unsere Gruppe im Forschungszentrum Jülich kürzlich zeigen konnte.
Reale Gase
Authors: Jacobi Manfred
Published: October 2010

Im Jahr 1910 erhielt der Niederländer Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923) den Physik‐Nobelpreis für seine Arbeiten über die Zustandsgleichung der Gase und Flüssigkeiten.
Die Unendlichkeit ist grün
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim
Published: October 2010

Ein beliebtes Phänobjekt in Science Centern ist der Unendlichkeitsspiegel. Man blickt durch ein in der Rückwand eines Spiegels angebrachtes Loch in einen vermeintlich unendlich langen Schacht. In Wirklichkeit rufen zwei nahezu parallel und mit der Spiegelseite zueinander aufgestellte Spiegel diese Illusion hervor. Erstaunlich ist bei genauem Hinsehen, dass die Unendlichkeit grün zu sein scheint (Abbildung 1 links).
Der Pflastermathematiker
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: October 2010

Seit Jahrzehnten ist der Alexanderplatz das größte Betonparkett in Berlins Mitte. Im Jahre 2003 suchte der Berliner Senat Ideen für eine Neugestaltung des Platzes. Es meldeten sich damals nicht nur Architekten, sondern auch eine Gruppe von Mathematikern. Sie schlug eine quasi‐periodische Pflasterung mit Fünf‐, Sechs‐ und Siebenecken vor.
Lattice location of nickel in diamond by RBS channelling and PIXE
Authors: Drumm Virginia S. , Alves Andrew D. C. , Orwa Julius O. , Jamieson David N. , McCallum Jeffrey C. , Prawer Steven , Ryan Chris C. G.
Published: October 2010

Colour centres in diamond are important for potential applications in quantum information technology. Centres based on Ni have attractive properties but the structures are still not fully understood. One interesting colour centre is NIRIM‐2 which emits around 884 nm and is based on Ni preferentially incorporated into the <111> growth sector during high‐pressure high‐temperature diamond growth in the presence of a Ni catalyst. To help understand the structure of this colour centre a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) with ion channelling and particle induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) with 2 MeV H and He ions has been used to study the location of the Ni atoms in the diamond lattice. The Ni concentration, typically below 25 ppm, is well below the detection threshold for RBS, but the yield of characteristic Ni Kα X‐rays shows a decrease when the ion beam is channelled into the <111> growth sector of the diamond. This suggests a significant fraction of Ni is incorporated substitutionally in the diamond lattice. Correlation of Ni location in the diamond host with optical properties of Ni‐related centres in the same growth sector of the diamond offers the possibility of advancing our understanding of the structure of these important optical centres.
Electronic properties of stable decagonal quasicrystals
Authors: Zhang Dianlin
Published: October 2010

Selected topics of electronic properties of stable decagonal quasicrystals are reviewed. Phonon localization and enhanced electron–phonon interaction may play important roles in the transport properties of these materials. The electronic specific heat measurements support the picture that the Hume–Rothery instability is responsible for the formation of the phase. On the other hand, careful examination of the magnetoresistance on highly oriented quasicrystalline films does not support the applicability of the quantum interference effect to the phenomenon.
Grammar‐based test generation with YouGen
Authors: Hoffman Daniel Malcolm , Ly‐Gagnon David , Strooper Paul , Wang Hong‐Yi
Published: October 2010

Grammars are traditionally used to recognize or parse sentences in a language, but they can also be used to generate sentences. In grammar‐based test generation (GBTG), context‐free grammars are used to generate sentences that are interpreted as test cases. A generator reads a grammar G and generates L(G), the language accepted by the grammar. Often L(G) is so large that it is not practical to execute all of the generated cases. Therefore, GBTG tools support ‘tags’: extra‐grammatical annotations which restrict the generation. Since its introduction in the early 1970s, GBTG has become well established: proven on industrial projects and widely published in academic venues. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness, the tool support is uneven; some tools target specific domains, e.g. compiler testing, while others are proprietary. The tools can be difficult to use and the precise meaning of the tags are sometimes unclear. As a result, while many testing practitioners and researchers are aware of GBTG, few have detailed knowledge or experience. We present YouGen, a new GBTG tool supporting many of the tags provided by previous tools. In addition, YouGen incorporates covering‐array tags, which support a generalized form of pairwise testing. These tags add considerable power to GBTG tools and have been available only in limited form in previous GBTG tools. We provide semantics for the YouGen tags using parse trees and a new construct, generation trees. We illustrate YouGen with both simple examples and a number of industrial case studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of wake interaction between two wind turbines at various inflow conditions
Authors: Troldborg Niels , Larsen Gunner C. , Madsen Helge A. , Hansen Kurt S. , Sørensen Jens N. , Mikkelsen Robert
Published: October 2010

The phenomenon of wake interaction between two wind turbines was analysed using the actuator line technique and full unsteady Navier–Stokes computations. Results are presented for varying mutual distances between the two turbines and both full wake and half wake situations were considered. Furthermore, simulations were carried out at different degrees of ambient turbulence intensity representing laminar, offshore and onshore conditions. From the simulations, the main characteristics of the interacting wakes were extracted including the averaged velocity and turbulence fields as well as the development of wake generated vortex structures. Moreover, the influence of the wake of the upstream turbine on the external aerodynamic loading on the blades of the downstream turbine was studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.