bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Global Landscape of Social Obligation in Medical Education: An Independent Comprehensive Exploration
Authors: Dandekar Sucheta P. , Rege Nirmala , Mahdi Farzana
Published: November 2024

This paper examines social accountability in medical education, focusing on its potential to address health inequities. Social accountability, as defined by the World Health Organization, encourages medical institutions to align education, research, and service activities with community health priorities. Through frameworks like ASPIRE and CARE, medical schools worldwide are incorporating social accountability, with notable examples such as Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) and Patan Academy of Health Sciences serving under-resourced communities. However, challenges remain, including the absence of standardized assessment metrics, resource limitations, and varied interpretations of social accountability across regions. International efforts underscore the importance of community collaboration in developing socially accountable curricula. In India, social accountability initiatives address healthcare challenges through community placements, telemedicine, and collaborations with global partners. The Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) model presents an opportunity to integrate social responsibility across training and patient care. Despite advancements, there is a need for adaptable frameworks and tools to measure the impact of social accountability in diverse contexts. This paper advocates for a unified yet context-sensitive approach, allowing institutions to respond effectively to local health needs while contributing to broader global health goals. Limitations include the study’s focus on existing global practices, without detailing novel, region-specific strategies for implementing and assessing social accountability programs.
Effective Academic Leadership in Clinical Departments of Medical Universities: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Kalaleh Azam Rahimzadeh , Nodooshan Saeed Ghiasi , Rahimian Hamid , Taskoh Ali Khorsandi , Ahmadi Fazlollah
Published: November 2024

Universities of Medical Sciences as the organizations that provide human resources for the health systems need effective leaders who can promote the medical status of the countries. In this regard, the present qualitative grounded theory study is an attempt to design an effective leadership model for departments of clinical education. The study identified causal conditions, background, confounding variables, consequences, and the central theme of “belief in effective leadership” to determine formation process of effective leadership. Based on the study findings, effective leadership model was designed for clinical education departments of medical universities. The distinguishing aspect of this model compared to the previously presented models of academic leadership is creation of the belief of effective leadership in medical sciences universities. This distinguishing factor emphasizes the academic leader’s recognition of their immediate environment, university, department and their selves.
Evaluating Inter-Rater Reliability: Transitioning to a Single Rater for Marking Modified Essay Questions in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Hassan Shahid , Ganeson Malanashita , Sattar Burud Ismail Abdul
Published: November 2024

Modified Essay Questions (MEQs) are often included in high-stakes examinations to assess higher-order cognitive skills. If the marking guides for MEQs are inadequate, this can lead to inconsistencies in marking. To ensure the reliability of MEQs as a subjective assessment tool, candidates’ responses are typically evaluated by two or more assessors. Previous studies have examined the impact of marker variance. Current study explores the possibility of assigning a single assessor to mark the students' performances in MEQ based on statistically drawn evidence in the clinical phase of the MBBS program at a private medical school in Malaysia. A robust evaluation method was employed to determine whether to continue with two raters or shift to a single-rater scheme for MEQs, using the Discrepancy-Agreement Grading (DAG) System for evaluation. A low standard deviation was observed across all 11 pairs of scores, with insignificant t-statistics (P>0.05) in 2 pairs (18.18%) and significant t-statistics (P<0.05) in 9 pairs (81.81%). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) results were excellent, ranging from .815 to .997, all with P<0.001. Regarding practical effect size (Cohen’s d), 1 pair (9.09%) was categorized as having a strong effect size (>0.8), 7 pairs (63.63%) as having a moderate effect size (0.5-<0.8), and 3 pairs (27.27%) as having a weak effect size (0.2-<0.5). The data analysis suggests that it is feasible to consider marking MEQ items by a single assessor without negatively impacting the reliability of the MEQ as an assessment tool.
Knowledge Level of Physicians Prescribing Bisphosphonates: Prevention and Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Padeganeh Tahereh , Dehghani Nima , Azarsina Mohadeseh , Mahmoudi Xaniar
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an important uncommon complication. Due to its complexity, its prevention requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving physicians and dental clinicians.
Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of physicians prescribing bisphosphonates in Tehran, Iran, about dental considerations in such patients and the prevention and treatment of MRONJ in 2019. This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 100 physicians (rheumatologists, endocrinologists, oncologists, and orthopedists) practicing in Tehran. A questionnaire comprising a demographic section and knowledge questions regarding dental considerations in patients taking bisphosphonates was administered among the physicians. The frequency of qualitative variables such as gender, type of specialty, and physicians’ responses to each question was calculated, and the knowledge scores were analyzed separately based on the physicians’ specialty types using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for pairwise comparisons. The effect of different variables on knowledge scores was analyzed by simple regression.
Results: The mean knowledge score of physicians was 5.19±1.78 (range 2-8). The mean knowledge score of oncologists was significantly higher than that of endocrinologists (5.88 versus 4.52, P=0.03). No other significant differences were noted. Work experience (P=0.04), age (P=0.02), orthopedics specialty (P=0.05), and oncology specialty (P=0.006) had significant effects on the knowledge score.
Conclusion: Considering acquiring about 50% of the total score, physicians seem to have limited knowledge about dental considerations in patients taking bisphosphonates.
Evaluation of the Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Tooth Color Changes in Patients Referring to the Specialty Clinic of Zahedan Faculty of Dentistry
Authors: Arefi Arian Hesam , Hosseinabadi Abolfazl
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Orthodontic treatment interferes with oral hygiene and can discoloration. Therefore, given the importance of tooth discoloration for patients, the present study determined the effect of orthodontic treatment on tooth color changes.
Materials and methods: Thirty-six patients under orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Photographs were taken before and after orthodontic treatment to evaluate color changes of the teeth. The photos were evaluated by experts and laypeople. The researcher completed a questionnaire consisting of each patient’s demographic data and treatment information (the composite resin type, the bonding agent type, and the bracket and wire types). Then, the relationships between these variables and tooth discoloration were analyzed. McNermar test was used to compare tooth color distribution status before and after orthodontic treatment. Chi-squared or Fisher’s tests were used to compare the tooth discoloration distribution status in terms of each variable studied. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and tooth discoloration. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Results: Tooth colors were different before and after treatment. There were no significant relationships between tooth discoloration and the variables of composite resin type, bonding agent, bracket type, and gender. However, the relationship between age and tooth discoloration was significant.
Conclusion: Various factors affect tooth color changes after orthodontic treatment. Although the majority of the factors evaluated in the present study did not alone have a significant relationship with tooth discoloration, it can be claimed that tooth discoloration due to orthodontic treatment is a multifactorial finding with several confounding factors.
The Relationship between Reading Habits and Academic Achievement Motivation in Qazvin Dental Students in 2022-2023
Authors: Rafiei Sahar Chokami , Karami Mohamad , Samiei Far Mahtab
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Improvement of students' academic performance is the main goal of educational centers because the academic performance of individuals is the basis of their success at every juncture. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between study habits and academic achievement motivation in Qazvin dental students in 2022-2023.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on all dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool was three questionnaires, the first part contained demographic and background information including age, sex, marital status, semester and second part contained the PSSHI study habits questionnaire which was developed by Palesani and Sharma and included 45 questions. The third part contains Hermens questionnaire to measure the motivation of academic achievement. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained using experts' opinions and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 26, then using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and statistical analysis including independent t-test and ANOVA were analyzed.
Results: The results of this study showed that the educational motivation of most students of Qazvin dental school was high which had no significant relationship with sex, age, marital status and term (p˃0.05). There was a significant relationship between academic motivation and study habits of students (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the study habits of Qazvin dental students are moderately desirable, so it seems that students are not familiar enough with learning facilities and study skills. Therefore to enhance the study skills of students, teaching Workshops will be included in the curriculum.
A Combination of Internal and External Connection Screw-Retained Implant Restorations in Esthetic Zone Rehabilitation: A Case Report
Authors: Moghadam Hamid Ranaee , Ranjbar Ali , Sharifi Morteza
Published: November 2024

This case report describes the rehabilitation of the Esthetic-Zone of the maxillary jaw of a 70-year-old female patient by using 4 implants (BEGO Semados® RS/RSX) with the challenging position of her implants due to her age and channel access of the Fixtures and also the Difficulty in supplying desired prosthetic parts due to existing problems. In the beginning, the treatment plan was to reconstruct the mouth using conventional restoration with UCLA abutments, but due to the unavailability of non-hex abutments As well as the failure to achieve the desired Esthetic demands of the patient by using this treatment plan, especially in the anterior implant area  of the jaw, it Innovatively was decided to use a combination of cylindrical abutments (BEGO MultiPlus system) and UCLA abutments to Design and fabrication of the Final restoration.
Crohnʼs Disease with Gingival Enlargement as the First Sign: A Case Report
Authors: Fattahi Bahareh , Khalesi Saeedeh , Badi Sanaye Mohammad Reza , Momeni Amir Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a process of gastrointestinal mucosa inflammation that could be seen in any part of the gastrointestinal tract from oral to anus. Oral lesions could be the first sign in most patients. The lesions in Crohn’s disease are divided to specific and nonspecific lesions. The specific lesions are less common than nonspecific ones. Tag-like lesions and cobblestones are some of the specific lesions and ulcer is a non-specific lesion. The diagnosis of Crohn’s disease is based on a combination of symptoms, enteroscopy, gastroscopy, capsule endoscopy, histopathology and imaging.  Oral involvement of CD is also known as oral Crohn’s disease (OCD). Early diagnosis of OCD may be the most influential factor in controlling it. This case report presents a 47-year-old female patient with gingivitis and gingival erythema and enlargement as her chief complaint which was the first sign of CD.
Laser Surface Texturing of Bulk Metallic Glass for Orthopaedic Application
Authors: Green T , Ayre W N , Bigot S , Brousseau E , Bhaduri D
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis in weight bearing joints, such as the hip and knee, is the primary indicator for orthopaedic intervention in the UK. Joint replacements remain the only viable treatment for osteoarthritis, however implant metallics exhibit insufficiencies in their physical properties, producing high implant failure rates. Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have unique physical properties (high elasticity, high wear resistance) which can improve integration between biomaterials and host tissue. Laser surface texturing (LST) allows tuning of distinct surface properties, promoting favourable clinical outcomes (enhanced osseointegration). Following a comprehensive literature review on LST of BMGs, this work presents an experimental outline to assess how laser input parameters influence functional surface properties, in particular wettability, free energy, corrosivity, and surface chemistry. Future work will investigate both the antimicrobial properties of LST BMGs, and their propensity to modulate the host inflammatory response, with the goal of optimising LST parameters enhanced osseointegration of the peri-implant surface.
‘Exploring the Circular Economy Potential of the ASPIRE Method: A Numerical Study on Copper Ion Trapping
Authors: Zhang X , Cleall P , Sapsford D
Published: November 2024

This study explores the Accelerated Supergene Processes in Repository Engineering (ASPIRE) concept for long-term trapping of copper ions from contaminated water using numerical simulations. The ASPIRE method offers a sustainable approach to water remediation and resource recovery through permeable reactive barriers. A numerical framework, based on unsaturated soil mechanics and reactive transport, is presented, considering water flow, copper ion transport, adsorption, and precipitation. A case study evaluates the ASPIRE concept's performance over a 5-year period, demonstrating the system's effectiveness in capturing approximately 45,000 kg of copper. Adsorption and precipitation mechanisms contribute to the enrichment process. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and maintenance to address potential challenges like clogging. The findings support the feasibility of the ASPIRE concept as a promising approach for simultaneous water remediation and resource recovery, aligning with circular economy principles.
Integrating Radiomic Image Analysis in the Hero Imaging Platform
Authors: Oyibo P , Brynolfsson P , Spezi E
Published: November 2024

We present the integration of radiomic image analysis in the Hero Imaging platform. We created a SPAARC node on Hero Imaging Platform, which facilitates access to SPAARC’s cutting-edge functionality with the visual programming simplicity of the Hero Imaging platform. Subsequently, we validated the reliability of the SPAARCHero using the IBSI validation dataset of multimodal imaging (CT, F18-FDG -PET, and T1w MRI) comprising 51 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. This validation involved evaluation of the ICC of SPAARCHero and two other IBSI compliant software, MIRP and SPAARCMATLAB using IBSI 2 phase 3 configuration and Test cases. Out of the 486 extracted features, 462 were found to be reproducible across the three software, with lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ICCs greater than 0.75. Our results verify the compliance of SPAARCHero with IBSI standard for Radiomics feature extraction.
Faster Segmentation Models for Peach Ripeness Determination
Authors: Zhao Z , Hicks Y , Sun X
Published: November 2024

To build an in-field fruit harvesting robot, it is important to locate the fruit efficiently and accurately. Instance segmentation is incorporated to evaluate peach ripeness, which enables precise identification of the ripeness level for each peach instance, allowing robots to selectively harvest ripe peaches, thereby maximizing harvesting efficiency. We have proposed a peach-specific instance segmentation model comprising three components: a ResNet50 backbone, a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN), and a Transformer decoder. Demonstrating a mean average precision (mAP) of 66.401, our model outperforms other state-of-the-art models in accurately segmenting peach instances. Notably, it achieves impressive AP of 64.818 for unripe peaches, 62.640 for semi-ripe ones, and 71.745 for ripe peaches, highlighting its effectiveness across varying ripeness levels. The model maintains the rapidest inference time of 91 ms per iteration. This comprehensive summary underscores the model's efficacy in peach instance segmentation, promising significant advancements in automated fruit harvesting and agricultural productivity.
Techno-Economic Environment Assessment of Carbon Capture Storage when Retrofitting Coal-Fired Power Plants in Indonesia
Authors: Pradana K R , Alnajideen M
Published: November 2024

The implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in coal-fired power plants offers a viable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. CCS captures carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, transporting them to storage sites underground or for industrial use. Despite challenges like high costs and suitable storage requirements, CCS is crucial for meeting climate targets. This study assesses CCS implementation in fossil fuel power plants, focusing on the Indonesia Government State Owned Electricity Company, PT. PLN (Persero). Using the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM), it evaluates feasibility, efficiency, and environmental impact. The research investigates energy requirements, costs, and carbon capture efficiency, considering retrofitting CCS technologies. Through detailed analysis, it evaluates the increased cost of electricity in plants with CCS, factoring in infrastructure investments.
Evaluation of bismuth shielding in reducing thyroid radiation dose during neck multidetector computed tomography examinations: a comparative study
Authors: Başar Yeliz
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study pointed to assess the viability of bismuth protecting in lessening thyroid radiation measurements amid neck multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examinations and to explore alternative protecting strategies which will moderate negative impacts on picture quality.
Methods: The study involved 20 patients undergoing neck MDCT. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were utilized to degree radiation measurements to the thyroid organ with and without bismuth protecting. Measurable investigations, counting combined tests t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, were conducted to evaluate the importance of dosage decrease.
Results: Bismuth protecting altogether diminished the radiation measurements to the thyroid organ by 43.95%, from 24.50 mGy to 17.59 mGy (P<0.01). The reduction was statistically significant in women (P<0.01) but not in men (P>0.05) due to the small sample size. No significant correlation was found between age and radiation dose levels (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Bismuth shielding effectively reduces thyroid radiation dose during neck MDCT examinations. However, the potential increase in image noise necessitates careful management to maintain diagnostic accuracy. Further research is needed to optimize shielding techniques and explore alternative methods to minimize radiation exposure while preserving image quality.
A fatal case of malignant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the setting of status epilepticus: a case report
Authors: Unavane Ojas , Raut Tushar Premraj , Parajiya Lakhan , Sadarangani Alisha Rajan
Published: November 2024

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by reversible neurotoxicity. The symptoms include headache, altered consciousness, seizures, visual disturbances, and focal neurological deficits. The severe variant, known as malignant PRES, is rare and involves diffuse cerebral edema, leading to irreversible damage. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with impaired blood pressure regulation is a known risk factor for malignant PRES.Case report: We report the case of a patient with CKD who presented with hypertensive crisis and later developed malignant PRES in the background of status epilepticus refractory to antiepileptic treatment.Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering malignant PRES in hypertensive crises and emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate its pathophysiology and develop effective treatment strategies.
Artificial intelligence technologies in medicine: development dynamics in the Russian Federation and abroad
Authors: Pchelkin A. A. , Muzaleva O. V. , Akhmineeva A. Kh.
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of information technology in healthcare, the growth of data volumes and the complexity of diagnostic and treatment methods have led to the fact that artificial intelligence has begun to be used more and more often in this industry.

The article examines the current state of artificial intelligence development in two leading healthcare countries: the Russian Federation and the United States of America. The choice of comparison objects is due to the openness of official sources of information on the state of the industry, as well as the high actual level of development of digitalization of medicine in these countries. The comparison was carried out on five points: prevalence, legal regulation, development directions, responsibility for development and the possibility of integration with the existing digital healthcare circuit.
Comparative Analysis of CAR T Cells with Dual Specificity for CD19 and CD20
Authors: Belovezhets T. N. , Gorchakov A. A. , Samochernykh K. A. , Kulemzin S. V.
Published: November 2024

CAR T-cell therapy of patients with B-cell malignancies demonstrates high efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. However, some patients do not respond to treatment or quickly relapse. One of the reasons for an inadequate response to CAR T-cell therapy may be the emergence of cancer cells escape variants that do not express the epitope recognized by the CAR. Using CAR T-cells with dual specificity could help mitigate this issue. In this study, we developed CAR T-cells specific to human CD19 and CD20 by exploring four configurations of antigen-recognition domains: two in the biCAR format and two in the dualCAR format. Expression of two independent CARs (dualCAR) driven by a single promoter was found to be the most promising format.
Transradial and transfemoral access in hepatic artery chemoembolization in patients with hepatic malignancies
Authors: Loginov M. O. , Fayzullin E. S. , Shakurov D. F.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To evaluate the potential and prospects of the transradial approach as an alternative to the transfemoral approach during hepatic artery chemoembolization (HAE) in the treatment of patients with liver malignancies.

Material and methods. Patients, who underwent CEPA, were divided into two groups depending on the arterial access: through the radial artery (first group) or through the femoral artery (second group). Next, a retrospective analysis of the clinical indicators and effectiveness of this treatment method, technical aspects and complication rates, was carried out when comparing the use of given groups in patients who underwent CEPA.

Results. The study showed that the radial approach provided superior technical results and clinical effectiveness. Patients with radial access had a significantly lower incidence of hepatic artery spasms and spent less time in the hospital in the postoperative period. However, pain scores assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) remained statistically similar in both groups. The use of the radial approach for CEPA also resulted in a significant reduction in the overall complication rate (72.5 % versus 84.1 % with the transfemoral approach, P = 0.027).

Conclusion. Our results confirm that the radial approach is an effective, safer, and promising alternative to the femoral approach for CEPA in patients with liver malignancies.
Kule szczecińskie i nieregularne konkrecje wapienno-żelaziste ze zbiorów Muzeum Geologicznego Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego i ich znaczenie dla rekonstrukcji warunków sedymentacji w morzu oligoceńskim okolic Szczecina – wstępne wyniki
Authors: Cedro Bernard , Sztajner Przemysław , Woziński Robert , Musielak Stanisław , Ceglarek Weronika , Osadczuk Andrzej , Osadczuk Krystyna
Published: November 2024

Kule szczecińskie oraz nieregularne konkrecje wapienno-żelaziste były powszechnie spotykane w piaskach szczecińskich związanych z transgresją morską podczas dolnego oligocenu (rupel). Wychodnie tych utworów znane są z licznych wystąpień w obrębie glacitektonicznie zaburzonych osadów czwartorzędowych okolic Szczecina, a zwłaszcza we Wzgórzach Warszewskich. Konkrecje wapienno-żelaziste, wraz z współwystępującą malakofauną oraz innymi szczątkami makroskopowymi, zawierają cenne informacje o warunkach środowiskowych panujących w morzu oligoceńskim, a także o warunkach powstawania samych konkrecji.
Influence of orthopedic braces on change in Cobb angle in patients with AIS, according to SRS and SOSORT criteria
Authors: Miczek Igor , Paschke Patrycja , Pałuchowska Julia , Szymkowicz Anna , Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Sambura Maria
Published: November 2024

Młodzieńcza skolioza idiopatyczna (adolescent idiopathic scoliosis – AIS) stanowi kompleksowe wyzwanie diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne. Rozwija się głównie u dzieci w wieku od 10 do 16 lat. Etiologia AIS wiąże się z różnymi czynnikami genetycznymi, posturalnymi i neuromięśniowymi.
Szczególną uwagę zwracamy na rolę stabilizatorów ortopedycznych oraz ich wpływ na zmiany kąta Cobba. Przegląd badań obejmuje różne rodzaje ortez, zarówno sztywne, jak i elastyczne, określając ich wpływ na kąt Cobba. Pomimo obiecujących wyników istnieją wyzwania związane z przestrzeganiem zaleceń lekarskich, a długotrwałe stosowanie ortez może wpływać na zdrowie psychiczne pacjentów i ich opiekunów.
W dwunastu prezentowanych badaniach porównywano populacje pacjentów liczące od 2 do 170 osób. Analizowano następujące typy stabilizatorów: TLSO, orteza Providence, Rigo-Cheneau, Lyon, SpineCor, SPoRT, PASB, orteza sztywna, Milwaukee, Sforzesco, Sibilla i gorset Rissera. Wyniki siedmiu badań wskazują na sukces terapeutyczny, definiowany jako lekki progres lub stabilizacja kąta Cobba u > 82% pacjentów. Trzy badania raportują wyniki w zakresie 59–65% sukcesu, a dwa badania odnotowują sukces u mniej niż połowy pacjentów.
Analizując dane badawcze, stwierdzamy korzystny wpływ ortez na stabilizację kąta Cobba w AIS. Wskazujemy na konieczność dalszych badań zgodnych z wytycznymi SRS i SOSORT w celu określenia, jaki rodzaj ortez przynosi najlepsze wyniki. Skoncentrowanie się na profilaktyce może być kluczem do lepszej kontroli skoliozy.
Finanzas sostenibles y desafíos en el mercado peruano en materia de sostenibilidad
Authors: Fernández Mercedes , Wong Claudia
Published: November 2024

En este artículo, las autoras explican las diferentes alternativas de financiamiento sostenible que se vienen desarrollando en el Perú (i.e. bonos verdes, sociales y sostenibles), así como los principales componentes del mercado de carbono. De igual manera, se detallan algunos de los beneficios que pueden obtenerse a través de financiamientos sostenibles. Finalmente, se describen los desafíos que enfrentan las empresas peruanas en materia de sostenibilidad al tener que implementar diversas medidas que se vienen estableciendo por la Unión Europea y por la U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, sin contar con incentivos fiscales u otras medidas de promoción para el desarrollo de proyectos sostenibles en Perú.
Evaluación ex post de la regulación:
Authors: Montes Tapia Karina
Published: November 2024

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis ex post de la obligación regulatoria de incluir advertencias publicitarias en los alimentos procesados, establecida en la Ley de Promoción de la Alimentación Saludable para Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (Ley N° 30021), hace más de diez años. A través de la revisión de la literatura y la información disponible, se lleva a cabo un análisis retrospectivo de la regulación con el propósito de determinar si los agentes involucrados están cumpliendo con lo establecido y reaccionando de acuerdo con lo esperado, y si todo ello está siendo evaluado por las autoridades competentes. Se extraerán lecciones clave para analizar regulaciones, se discutirán las limitaciones de información identificadas, así como el rol de las entidades públicas en este contexto bajo un enfoque de mejora de la calidad regulatoria.
Robots inteligentes en el directorio: Consejo de Administración de sociedades mercantiles
Authors: Pérez Carrillo Elena F.
Published: November 2024

En este trabajo se analizan algunos obstáculos para incorporar robots inteligentes a la gobernanza empresarial, principalmente a través del consejo de administración (CdA). Además, se ofrecen ideas sobre el modo en el que podrían acontecer la transición, superando los aspectos más problemáticos de la IA.
Gobernanza y Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial desde la primera óptica de OpenAI
Authors: Fierro Rodríguez Diego
Published: November 2024

El Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial de la Unión Europea, que entrará en vigor en agosto de 2024, introduce un marco regulatorio integral para la Inteligencia Artificial en Europa, centrado en la seguridad y la confianza. Esta legislación clasifica los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial en función de su riesgo, estableciendo requisitos específicos para cada categoría, con un enfoque particular en los sistemas de alto riesgo y las prácticas inaceptables. El Reglamento prohíbe ciertas prácticas de Inteligencia Artificial y establece estrictas obligaciones para los sistemas considerados de alto riesgo. Los proveedores y responsables de despliegue deben cumplir con requisitos específicos, y la legislación también tiene una aplicación extraterritorial que afecta a las organizaciones fuera de la Unión Europea. La preparación para el cumplimiento implica la clasificación de los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial y la consulta con asesores legales especializados.
Backlash and Beyond: Anti-LGBTQ Lawmaking and Existential Panic in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Judge Melanie
Published: November 2024

Sexual politics in Africa is at the tipping point of two global trends. In 2022, more countries than at any point in the previous 25 years removed laws that criminalised same-sex sexualities, reflecting an international trend towards the legal recognition of sexual and gender diversity. However, there is also a counter trend in the form of a global gender backlash, one manifestation of which is attempts to institute harsher forms of criminalisation in law against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people. This paper is based on a discourse analysis of select anti-LGBTQ laws, draft laws and related parliamentary proceedings in 2023 in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. This paper provides an account of the mechanisms and logics that underpin these laws and political discourse in these countries and reveals how efforts at expanded criminalisation seek to further regulate, police and constrain sex, sexuality, gender, family, and African subjectivities and nationhood.
Relational Explanations for Visual Domains : A Neural-symbolic Approach Combining ILP and CNNs
Authors:   , Rabold Johannes
Published: November 2024

With powerful machine learning methods leaving the lab, the need for transparency in automatic decision processes becomes apparent. Only if humans have the ability to scrutinize how a model behaves and what the rationale behind a decision was, they will gain trust in a system. However, current neural network architectures are mainly black-box, so it is not easily possible to comprehend model decisions. Symbolic machine learning approaches that are inherently interpretable already exist for a long time in artificial intelligence research. However, most of these are not actually suitable for real world applications, since they lack the ability to work with raw (image) data, and thus, an accuracy-interpretability trade-off emerges. The research branch of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) advises interpretable surrogate models as a possible solution: Instead of abandoning a powerful model, it is kept as is and an additional interpretable model is generated, mimicking the behavior of the black-box. The gold standard for explaining image processing approaches like convolutional neural networks are visual attribution methods. For an image instance, methods like LIME or Grad-CAM output heatmaps, indicating regions that were influential (in a positive or negative way) for a particular model decision. These methods can give a first idea, what constituents in an image are important, and can pinpoint flaws in the trained model that can stem from e.g. bias in the training data. However, they lack expressiveness and can obscure the importance of e.g. relations that hold between image parts. This becomes particularly important for relational domains, where classification depends not only on the presence of image parts, but also their (spatial) constellation. This thesis will describe and analyze methods of generating expressive symbolic relational explanations in the form of first-order logic rules. These rules inherently highlight the importance of not only visual concepts, but also of the relations between them. They also can be easily interpreted by humans and can even be converted to natural language in a straight-forward fashion. This work gives approaches for generating explanations in a variety of problem settings: Not only is it possible to explain the decision for a single image, it is also possible to explain the model as a whole. Also, when access to model parameters is given, explanations can benefit from that. In an attempt to holistically approach relational explanation generation, this work will look at methods on how to be as close to the behavior of the original model as possible and also on how to quantify this "fidelity". Additionally, this work will revisit the generated explanations and ask, what types of explanations are particularly useful for humans.
Strategies for Strengthening the Job Competency of Undergraduate Students Majoring in Counseling Psychology: Focusing on the Application of Trauma-Informed Care
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Lee Eun A
Published: November 2024

This study explores the potential application of Trauma-Informed Care(TIC) in undergraduate education for psychology and counseling majors, aiming to propose strategies for effectively enhancing the competencies of counseling service providers. TIC is an approach that recognizes the impact of trauma on individuals' lives and focuses on creating a safe and supportive environment that prevents re-traumatization while promoting healing and empowerment. To integrate the concept and principles of TIC into undergraduate education, this study analyzes TIC practices in the United States. Additionally, to identify the competencies required of undergraduates by society, it examines domestic undergraduate counseling education and the NHS talking therapies framework in the United Kingdom. Based on these analyses, the study presents guidelines incorporating TIC content into the framework of the National Competency Standards for youth counseling and welfare. It emphasizes the importance of enhancing the competencies of undergraduates as key providers of counseling services. Lastly, the study offers recommendations for applying TIC in education and improving counseling services in South Korea.
Effectiveness Study of Digital Literacy Enhancement Programs for College Students: A Case Study of University H
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Jun Myunghee , Jeong Yun Ho , Cheong Ha Nul
Published: November 2024

As digital literacy becomes increasingly critical, this study aims to develop a program designed to enhance college students' digital competencies and foster their roles as responsible digital citizens. The program focuses on two core components essential to digital literacy: digital competence and digital norms. Structured as a three-session educational course, the program was implemented at University H. The Digital Ethics Literacy Scale, as proposed by Cheong-Jae Lee (2021), was used to measure changes in students' digital literacy, assessing their competencies as global digital citizens. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, involving 15 participants in the experimental group and 13 in the comparison group. To evaluate the program's effectiveness, pre- and post-assessment results were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, a non-parametric statistical method. Additionally, thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted to identify factors influencing program satisfaction. The findings indicate a significant improvement in digital literacy within the experimental group compared to the comparison group, with a particular emphasis on the improvement of digital norms over digital competence. The qualitative analysis further suggests that team-based, activity-driven learning enhances program effectiveness. This study contributes to the literature by validating the impact of digital literacy programs for college students and identifying key factors influencing satisfaction.
The Relationship between the Parental Psychological Control Perceived by University Students and Delay Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Learned Helplessness
Authors:   Korean Academy Welfare Counselling, Hong Jeong Yeon , Kim Bong Whan
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the mediated effect of learned lethargy in the impact of psychological control of parents perceived by college students on delayed behavior. To verify the research problem, posted a survey link on the university student community site available through school certification, along with snowball sampling for university students attending four-year college in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon. With this data, the correlation with mediator effect was analyzed by SPSS PROGRAM 25.0 ver. After the confirming the correlation of each variable, the regression analysis method proposed by Baron and Kenny and sobel test were conducted to confirm the mediating effect. The following is the results identified in this study. First, correlation analysis between key variables showed that a static correlation among parental psychological control, learned lethargy, and delayed behavior exists. Second, a mediating effect of learned inertia in the relationship between the psychological control of parents and delayed behavior that college students perceive is confirmed. This suggests that college-aged students are also affected by parental control of the psychological field, leading to delayed actions that put off their work by making them learn the lethargy of not being able to escape from such an inconvenient situation. Based on these results, implications for the actual counseling practice and suggestions for susequent research were discussed.
A review of the preparation and characterization techniques for closed pores in hard carbon and their functions in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Yujie , Ji Shun , Liu Feng , Zhu Ziyi , Xiao Jie , Liu Ke , Zhang Yanjia , Liao Shijun , Zeng Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2024

With the advantages of simple preparation, cost-effectiveness, abundant raw materials, and environmentally friendly properties, hard carbon is the only commercially available anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, its unstable capacity is attributed to the complex physicochemical characteristics of the precursors, the intricate and difficult-to-control microstructure, and the debated mechanisms of sodium storage. Although recent reports have revealed a strong correlation between closed pores and the capacity of hard carbon in the low-voltage plateau region, systematic overviews of this relationship remain scarce. This review examines the microstructural properties and precursor selectivity of hard carbon materials and outlines the strategies for the research and development of closed pores, including design theory and characterization. Finally, it summarizes the technical bottlenecks faced by the closed pore research and looks forward to the future development directions.
Persistent organic pollutants in human milk of Belgian mothers: levels, time trend and exposure assessment for nursing infants
Authors: Andjelkovic Mirjana , Van Overmeire Ilse , Joly Laure , Poma Giulia , Malarvannan Govindan , Vleminckx Christiane , Malysheva Svetlana V. , Vanhouche Martine , Van Loco Joris , Van Nieuwenhuyse An , Covaci Adrian
Published: November 2024

Human milk samples (n = 206) collected in 2014 from Belgian primiparous mothers were analyzed for seven groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153). Pooled samples for the analysis of hexachlorobutadiene, heptachlor, chlordecone, dieldrin, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were prepared. DDTs [median: 41 ng/g lipid weight (lw)], HCB (5.5 ng/g lw), and HCHs (2.4 ng/g lw) were the predominant compounds in all samples. Median levels of PBDEs (0.91 ng/g lw) in Belgian human breast milk samples were lower compared to other European countries. The major PBDE congeners were BDE-47 and BDE-153, and total PBDE levels were low (0.30-4.25 ng/g lw). α-HBCD was the only HBCD stereoisomer found in the pooled milk samples (2.5 ng/g lw). All targeted POPs were determined in a national pooled sample but were lower than levels of most POPs [organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), PBDEs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] observed in 2006. The daily dietary intake of POPs via human milk was estimated for nursing infants of 1 month [intake of 260 mL milk/kg body weight (bw)] and compared with either health-based guidance values (HBGV) or the reference point (margin of exposure, MOE). The exposure assessment in a worst-case scenario revealed no concern for most POPs. However, the infants were exposed to levels of 60 pg total WHO2005-TEQ/kg bw/week, indicating a possible risk during their life. Based on the MOE approach, 95th percentile of concentration can result in a health concern for congeners BDE-99 and BDE-153.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA MASJID JAMI SUNGAI JINGAH PADA MATERI KEKONGRUENAN DAN KESEBANGUNAN
Authors: Rizaldi  , Noor Fajriah  , Rizki Amalia
Published: November 2024

Matematika yang dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan dikenal dengan istilah Etnomatematika. Masjid Jami Sungai Jingah merupakan salah satu masjid tertua di kota Banjarmasin. Di bagian luar maupun dalam masjid ini terdapat berbagai bentuk matematika terutama materi kekongruenan dan kesebangunan. LKPD sebagai perangkat pembelajaran dapat memudahkan peserta didik dalam memahami materi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk LKPD berbasis Etnomatematika Masjid Jami Sungai Jingah pada materi kekongruenan dan kesebangunan yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model Plomp yang terdiri dari fase investigasi awal, fase desain, fase realisasi/konstruksi, serta fase tes, evaluasi dan revisi. Hasil uji kevalidan dengan skor 3,33 memenuhi kriteria sangat valid, hasil uji kepraktisan dengan skor 3,47 memenuhi kriteria sangat praktis, dan hasil uji keefektifan dengan persentase peserta didik tuntas sebesar 83,33% memenuhi kriteria sangat efektif.
Mathematics that is associated with culture is known as Ethnomathematics. The Jami Sungai Jingah Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in the city of Banjarmasin. On the outside and inside of this mosque there are various forms of mathematics, especially material on congruence and similarity. LKPD as a learning tool can make it easier for students to understand the material. This research aims to produce a LKPD product based on the Ethnomathematics of the Jami Sungai Jingah Mosque on congruence and similarity material that is valid, practical and effective. The research method used is research and development with the Plomp model which consists of an initial investigation phase, design phase, realization/construction phase, as well as test, evaluation and revision phases. The validity test results with a score of 3.33 meet the criteria for being very valid, the practicality test results with a score of 3.47 meet the criteria for being very practical, and the results of the effectiveness test with a percentage of students completing at 83.33% meet the criteria for being very effective.
EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA CANDI BRAHU TROWULAN KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Fajariyah Linda , Nashrulloh Muhammad Farid , Zuhriawan Muhammad Qoyum
Published: November 2024

Etnomatematika adalah suatu ilmu yang digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana matematika diadaptasi dari sebuah budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan mengetahui unsur etnomatematika pada situs Candi Brahu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan cara eksplorasi dan pendekatan etnografi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara observasi secara langsung ke Candi Brahu, dokumentasi, wawancara dengan juru kunci Candi Brahu, menganalisis data yang telah diperoleh, menarik kesimpulan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah terdapat konsep geometri dalam Candi Brahu yang dieksplorasi melalui kegiatan observasi peneliti. Hasil temuan konsep geometri tersebut diantaranya konsep geometri bangun datar yang terdiri dari persegi, persegipanjang, trapesium, lingkaran dan segitiga, serta geometri bangun ruang seperti balok.
Ethnomathematics is a science used to understand how mathematics is adapted from a culture. This research aims to explore and find out the elements of ethnomathematics on the Brahu Temple Site. The type of research used is qualitative research with an exploratory and ethnographic approach. This research was conducted by direct observation to Brahu Temple, documentation, interviews with the caretaker of Brahu Temple, analyzing the data that has been obtained, drawing conclusions. The results obtained are that there are mathematical concepts of geometry in Brahu Temple that are explored through researcher observation activities. The findings of the geometry concept include the concept of flat geometry consisting of squares, rectangles, trapezoids, circles and triangles, as well as spatial geometry such as beams