bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Few‐Layer MXene‐Assisted All‐Optical Wavelength Conversion at Telecommunication Band
Authors: Song Yufeng , Chen Yunxiang , Jiang Xiantao , Ge Yanqi , Wang Yunzheng , You Kaixi , Wang Ke , Zheng Jilin , Ji Jianhua , Zhang Yupeng , Li Jianqing , Zhang Han
Published: May 2019

Optical signal processing based on 2D materials is a hot topic which has attracted rising interests. As a novel class of 2D material, MXene is becoming a promising nonlinear photonics material. In this contribution, MXene Ti3C2Tx, prepared by liquid acid etching method, is developed as a novel all‐optical device by depositing on a microfiber, which shows an excellent nonlinear optical response at the telecommunication band. The as‐fabricated device is employed as a wavelength converter based on the nonlinear four‐wave mixing effect with a conversion efficiency of –59 dB carrying a 10 GHz signal. The proposed all‐optical wavelength converter based on MXene Ti3C2Tx can play a remarkable role in the future of optical communications and optical information processing.
Manipulation for Superposition of Orbital Angular Momentum States in Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Authors: Zhang YuQin , Zeng XiangYu , Ma Li , Zhang RuiRui , Zhan ZiJun , Chen Chao , Ren XiaoRong , He ChangWei , Liu ChunXiang , Cheng ChuanFu
Published: May 2019

Superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and the structured intensity are providing new approaches for manipulating optical information and light–matter interactions. While superposition of OAMs in free space has been well studied, further extensions to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) confined in near‐field would be crucial for miniaturing and integrating platforms. Here, the plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of rotated nanoslits arranged in a segmented spiral are proposed to realize the superposition of two SPP OAM states. The nanoslit rotation and the azimuthally variant radius of segmented spiral introduce the spin‐dependent geometric phase and position‐dependent dynamic phase, respectively, and combination of two phases generates two incorporating OAM states. By designing metasurfaces with different parameters, the superposition of two different OAM states and complex structured pattern can be achieved. The four degrees of freedom including rotation order q, spiral order m, initial orientation angle α0, and incident circular polarization σ, enable the superposition of SPP OAM states in a straightforward and flexible manner. This work would be of significance for applications of OAMs such as micro‐manipulations, optical trapping, and sensitive angular metrology.
Densitometry and indirect normal‐phase HPTLC–ESI–MS for separation and quantitation of drugs and their glucuronide metabolites from plasma
Authors: Bhatt Nejal M. , Chavada Vijay D. , Sanyal Mallika , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: May 2019

The present work describes novel methods using densitometry and indirect or off‐line high performance thin‐layer chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPTLC–MS) for the simultaneous detection and quantification of asenapine, propranolol and telmisartan and their phase II glucuronide metabolites. After chromatographic separation of the drugs and their metabolites the analytes were scraped, extracted in methanol and concentrated prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Different combinations of toluene and methanol–ethanol–n‐butanol–iso‐propanol were tested for analyte separation and the best results were obtained using toluene–methanol–ammonia (6.9:3.0:0.1, v/v/v) as the elution solvent. All of the drug–metabolite pairs were separated with a homologous retardation factor difference of ≥22. The conventional densitometric approach was also studied and the method performances were compared. Both of the approaches were validated following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and applied to spiked human plasma samples. The major advantage of the TLC–MS approach is that it can provide much lower limits of detection (1.98–5.83 pg/band) and limit of quantitation (5.97–17.63 pg/band) with good precision (˂3.0% coefficient of variation) compared with TLC–densitometry. The proposed indirect HPTLC–MS method is simple yet effective and has tremendous potential in the separation and quantitation of drugs and their metabolites from biological samples, especially for clinical studies.
Chromatographic analysis, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oil of Phlomis floccosa D. Don.
Authors: El Mokni Ridha , Majdoub Siwar , Chaieb Ikbal , Jlassi Ibrahim , Joshi Rajesh K. , Hammami Saoussen
Published: May 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate for the first time the chemical composition and insecticidal and antimicrobial properties of Phlomis floccosa D. Don. essential oil isolated by hydro‐distillation of its aerial parts. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil on the basis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS) revealed the presence of 59 organic volatiles representing 86.9% of the total constituents. The major compounds were germacrene‐D (19.7%) followed by β‐caryophyllene (15.5%), caryophyllene oxide (8.3%), hexadecenoic acid (7.9%) and carvacrol (6.1%). The broth microdilution method was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against five pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and the yeast Candida albicans. The oil of P. floccosa D. Don. shows promising activity against the Gram‐positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis and the yeast C. albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration = 625 μg.mL−1). The effectiveness of the essential oil was assessed on both Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus zeamais pest insects and it was more pronounced against T. confusum, showing a moderate mortality of 47.5%.
Correlation between muscle mass and handgrip strength in digestive cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Moreau Johanna , Ordan Marie‐Amélie , Barbe Coralie , Mazza Camille , Perrier Marine , Botsen Damien , Brasseur Mathilde , Portefaix Christophe , Renard Yohann , Tallière Barbara , Bertin Eric , Hoeffel Christine , Bouché Olivier
Published: May 2019

Background

FIGHTDIGO study has shown the feasibility of handgrip strength (HGS) measurements in 201 consecutive digestive cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Objective

This study focuses on a secondary aim of FIGHTDIGO study: the relationship between muscle mass and HGS.

Design

Two consecutive bilateral measures of HGS were performed using a Jamar dynamometer before the start of each chemotherapy. The highest value was chosen for final evaluation. Dynapenia (loss of muscle strength) was defined as HGS < 30 kg (men) and < 20 kg (women). Muscle mass was measured at lumbar level (L3) on Computed Tomography (CT) scans performed less than 3 weeks before or after the measurement of HGS. Muscle mass loss was defined by skeletal muscle index (SMI) < 53 cm2/m2 (in men with a body mass index (BMI)> 25 kg/m2), < 43 cm2/m2 (in men with a BMI < 25 kg/m2), and < 41 cm2/m2 (in women regardless of BMI). Sarcopenia was defined by the association of a dynapenia and a loss of muscle mass.

Results

A total of 150 patients were included in this analysis (mean age: 65.6 ± 10.9 years, 87 males (58%), colorectal cancer (47.3%), metastatic stage (76.7%)). A total of 348 CT scans were evaluated. For the 348 measurements, mean SMI and HGS were 41.8 ± 8.7 cm2/m2 and 32.1 ± 11.0 kg, respectively. Muscle mass loss, dynapenia, or sarcopenia were reported at least once, in 120 (80%), 45 (30%), and 30 (20%) patients, respectively. SMI was significantly correlated with HGS (Pearson coefficient = 0.53, P < 0.0001). At concordance analysis, 188 dyad SMI/HGS (54%) were in agreement (Kappa = 0.14 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.21]).

Conclusion

Correlation between the measurements of HGS and SMI is strong but the concordance between dynapenia and muscle mass loss is poor. Further studies should be performed to confirm the diagnostic thresholds, and to study the chronology of dynapenia and loss of muscle mass.
Δ133p53 decreases the chemosensitivity of carcinoma cell line H1299
Authors: Liu Kaishan , Lin Jun
Published: May 2019

The research evaluated the effect of Δ133p53 on the chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299. By this study, the drug‐resistant molecular marker and a new target for cancer therapy could be provided. Δ133p53 or negative control plasmid were transferred into H1299 cells by lentivirus vector. The expression of Δ133p53 in transfected cells was examined using immunofluorescence. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and colony formation test were applied to detect drug sensitivity after cisplatin or 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) treatment. After cisplatin (CDDP)/FU treatment, MTT assay demonstrated that the inhibition rate of H1299/Δ133p53 cell was reduced compared with that of the H1299 and H1299/NEG cells at the same concentration of drug. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50) of CDDP and 5‐FU rose by 36.1 and 30.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The colony formation assay suggested that the cell proliferation ability of H1299/Δ133p53 cell was prominently increased when compared with that of control group H1299 and H1299 /NEG cells (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that the transfection of the Δ133p53 gene in H1299 cells led to the reduction of chemosensitivity.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in severe calcified annulus using the Lotus valve system: Increased incidence of fatal major vascular complications
Authors: Conzelmann Lars Oliver , Würth Alexander , Balthasar Veronika , Neuber Christine , Tzamalis Panagiotis , Gonska Bernd‐Dieter , Schmitt Claus , Mehlhorn Uwe , Schymik Gerhard
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This study reports the outcome of a highly selected transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) population.

Background

In patients with aortic valve stenosis and severe calcification of the left ventricular outflow tract and/or the annulus, the Boston Scientific Lotus valve provided a low paravalvular leakage rate omitting the risk of annular rupture.

Methods

Until now more than 3,600 TAVI procedures were performed at our institution. Between 8/2015 and 2/2017, 634 TAVI procedures were performed, of which 80 TAVI patients with severe calcifications consecutively received the Lotus valve. Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)‐2 criteria of these procedures were prospectively documented in our institutional TAVI registry. One year follow‐up for the Lotus treated patients was completed.

Results

Mean age was 82.0 ± 5.5 years. Device success was 95.0%. Conversion was required in two cases (2.5%). New permanent pacemaker implantation rate was 33.3%. Vascular complications occurred more frequent in comparison to non‐Lotus treated patients (13.8 vs. 8.1%; p < .05): five minor and six major vascular complications (6.3 and 7.5%), including four fatal aortic injuries (three acute aortic dissections type A, one rupture of the aortic arch). Seventy‐two‐hour and 30‐day mortality rates were also higher in Lotus patients (6.3 and 12.5% vs. 0.3 and 2.5%; each p < .05). One‐year mortality in Lotus patients was 22.5%.

Conclusions

In TAVI procedures with the Lotus valve occurrence of vascular complications including lethal aortic injuries and mortality rates were considerably high. Furthermore, in every TAVI procedure careful examination of the aorta should be mandatory and be a part of planning it.
Radial artery access is under‐utilized in women undergoing PCI despite potential benefits: Mayo Clinic PCI Registry
Authors: Chester Rebecca C. , Mina Syeda A. , Lewis Bradley , Zhang Nan , Butterfield Richard , Yang Eric H.
Published: May 2019

Background

Women may benefit from radial artery access (RAA) for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) due to a higher risk of bleeding compared to men; however, RAA may be underutilized in women. We sought to determine the frequency and predictors of RAA use in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods

We studied 21,123 (29.0% female) participants in the Mayo Clinic PCI Registry from January 1, 2006–December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed as a cohort and by time tertiles. Frequency of RAA versus femoral access and bleeding events were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of RAA.

Results

In the overall cohort, women compared to men were older (69.6 ± 12.6 vs. 65.6 ± 11.9; p < .001), more likely to present with acute coronary syndrome (82.0% in women vs. 80.0% in men; p = .0008) and had more comorbidities. RAA increased from tertile one (3.5% for women vs. 4.0% for men; p = .3) through tertile three (46.8% for women vs. 50.3% for men; p = .01), but remained lower in women. In multivariable analysis, female sex is associated with 22% less RAA use (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.72–0.84; p < .0001). Women compared to men experienced more bleeding (6.3 vs. 3.0%; p < .0001) but bleeding was less likely in RAA (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.36–0.56; p < .0001).

Conclusion

Women undergoing PCI are less likely to receive RAA compared to men despite having a higher risk of bleeding. This trend persists despite increase in RAA use. Given the potential benefit of RAA in women, sex should be considered in patient selection for RAA.
Insights into the Photoassisted Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 over a Two‐dimensional MoS2 Nanostructure Loaded on SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Xueyan , Yang Huimin , Gao Mengting , Tian Haoyang , Li Yupeng , Liang Zhenhai , Jian Xuan
Published: May 2019

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added chemicals and fuels is an attractive strategy to store renewable energy and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, a two‐dimensional nanostructure MoS2 loaded on SnO2 nanoparticles (MS/SON) was prepared for photoassisted electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to HCOOH through a two‐step process of facile hydrothermal and pyrolysis method. Through physical structure characterization and photoelectric performance test, the results indicated that the 5 % MS/SON exhibits exclusive HCOOH selectivity, the maximum FE is 43.8 %, the current density reached to 9 mA cm−2 at −1.4 V and the photocurrent value is 12.5 μA cm−2 under 0.5 V bias. The overpotential is as low as 245 mV. Besides, after the introduction of MoS2, there is a red shift in the adsorption band edge from 380 nm to 500 nm, indicating an enhancement of light response; the peak intensity of photoluminescence (PL) decreased, showing that the electron and hole are effectively separated; the values of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel plots (70 mV dec−1) were smaller than other ratios, demonstrating that the faster charge transfer rate; the proper introduction of MoS2 increased the specific surface area from 47.64 m2 g−1 to 55.99 m2 g−1, which was helpful to expand the number of active sites. It is demonstrated that MS/SON is an excellent CO2 reduction material.
Fluorination of Li‐Rich Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Cathode Materials by Fluorine Gas: Chemistry, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance in Half Cells
Authors: Breddemann Ulf , Erickson Evan M. , Davis Victoria , Schipper Florian , Ellwanger Mathias , Daub Michael , Hoffmann Anke , Erk Christoph , Markovsky Boris , Aurbach Doron , Krossing Ingo
Published: May 2019

Mild fluorination of high‐energy nickel‐cobalt‐manganese (HE‐NCM) materials with low pressures of elementary fluorine gas (F2) at room temperature was systematically studied. The fluorinated HE‐NCM samples were analysed by ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, FT‐IR spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, electrochemical testing, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The treatment of the cathode materials with low pressures (a few hundred mbar) of elementary fluorine gas at room temperature led to the elimination of the basic surface film (LiOH, Li2CO3, Li2O, etc.), and the resulting thin amorphous LiF film led to increased capacity and long‐term stability of the battery. Impedance built‐up was greatly reduced for these systems throughout cycling. Fluorination with F2 only causes the formation of O−Me−F bonds (Me=Transition Metal), when treated with F2 at higher pressures. If O−Me−F bonds are formed, it may be detrimental to the electrode surface film resistance and cycle stability of the electrodes. However, it may be that the LiF surface content, which can expand as long as the LiMeO2 structure can be oxidized and Li+ can be extracted, has become too large and thus detrimental. Considering the evolution of differential capacity plots and taking into account the thermodynamic driving force of the F2 treatment, it is likely that the same activation processes that occur electrochemically in Li‐rich materials also occur chemically, when the material is exposed to F2. Differential capacity plots show enhanced Mn4+ reduction peaks upon lithiation, when the material was exposed to F2, only possible after activation of the Li2MnO3 phase. For this reason, we believe fluorination promotes to some extent an activation of this phase.
Geographic distribution ranges of terrestrial mammal species in the 1970s
Authors: Pacifici Michela , Cristiano Andrea , Burbidge Andrew A. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Di Marco Moreno , Rondinini Carlo
Published: May 2019

Here we provide geographic distribution ranges for 205 species of terrestrial non‐volant mammals in the 1970s. We selected terrestrial non‐volant mammals because they are among the most studied groups, have greater availability of historical distribution data for the 1970s decade, and also show the largest range contractions compared to other taxonomic groups. Species belong to 52 families and 16 orders. Range maps were extracted from scientific literature including published papers, books, and action plans. For Australian species, due to the absence of published maps, we collated occurrence data from individual data sets (maintained by museums and government agencies) and converted these into polygonal range maps. Taxonomic and geographic biases towards more studied (charismatic) species are inevitably present. Among the most abundant orders, the highest percentage representation is for Carnivora (55 species, corresponding to 21% of species in the order), Cetartiodactyla (24 species, 10% of the order), and Perissodactyla (six species, 38% of the order). In contrast, the percentage representation is low for Rodentia (66 species, 3% of species in the order), Primates (19 species, 4%), and Eulipotyphla (6 species, 1%). The proportional representation of less speciose orders is highly variable. The data set offers the opportunity to measure the recent (1970–2019) change in the distribution of terrestrial mammal species, and test ecological and biogeographical hypotheses about such change. It also allows us to identify areas where changes in species distribution were largest. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper.
Causes and consequences of cardiac fibrosis in patients referred for surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Galat Arnault , Guellich Aziz , Bodez Diane , Lipskaia Larissa , Moutereau Stéphane , Bergoend Eric , Hüe Sophie , Ternacle Julien , Mohty Dania , Monin Jean‐Luc , Derumeaux Geneviève , Radu Costin , Damy Thibaud
Published: May 2019

Aims

Cardiac fibrosis is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodelling and contractile dysfunction in aortic stenosis (AS). The fibrotic process in this condition is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of both local and systemic inflammation as underlying mechanisms of LV fibrosis and contractile dysfunction. The diagnostic values of 2D‐strain echocardiography and serum biomarkers in the evaluation of cardiac fibrosis in this condition were assessed through correlation analyses.

Methods and results

Patients with AS referred for surgical valve replacement were prospectively and consecutively included. They all had a comprehensive echocardiography including 2D strain. Blood samples were collected to measure cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers using Luminex bead‐based assays. A per‐surgical myocardial biopsy of the basal antero‐septal segment (S1) was performed. Serial sections of each biopsy were stained with Sirius red. Digital image analysis was used to quantify fibrosis. Immunostainings using specific antibodies against macrophage, glycoprotein (gp) 130, and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were also performed. Patients were divided into tertiles reflecting the severity of fibrosis: mild, moderate, and severe load (TF1 to TF3). The mean age of the 58 included patients was 73 ± 11 years. Twenty‐four (43%) were in New York Heart Association III–IV. Mean aortic valve area was 0.8 ± 0.2 cm2. Mean aortic stenosis peak velocity and mean gradient were respectively 4.5 ± 0.8 m/s and 54 ± 15 mmHg. The mean LV ejection fraction was 54 ± 12%, and the global LV longitudinal strain was −15 ± 4%. The mean S1 strain, corresponding to the biopsied region, was −10 ± 6% and was strongly correlated to fibrosis load (R = 0.83, P < 0.0001). TF3 was associated with higher mortality (P = 0.009), higher serum C‐reactive protein and IL‐6, and lower gp130 compared with the other tertiles (P < 0.05). IL‐6 and gp130 were expressed in the heart and respectively in the plasma membrane of macrophages and in the cytoplasm of both macrophages and cardiomyocytes. During follow‐up, three patients died and were all in the third fibrosis tertile.

Conclusions

We found a positive correlation between elevated inflammatory markers and degree of fibrosis load. These two parameters were associated with worse outcomes in patients with severe AS. Our results may be of interest especially in patients for whom a transcatheter aortic valve implantation is indicated and myocardial biopsy is not possible. Strategies aiming at preventing inflammation might be considered to decrease or limit the progression of cardiac fibrosis in patients followed for AS.
A Sandwich‐type Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor for Thrombin Based on Functional Co‐polymer Electrode Using Ru(bpy)32+ Doped Nanocomposites as Signal‐amplifying Tags
Authors: Shan Yanqun , Jin Xin , Gong Miao , Lv Liangrui , Li Linyu , Jiang Meng , Wang Xiaoying , Xu Jun
Published: May 2019

Herein, a signal‐on sandwich‐type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of thrombin (TB) was proposed. The graphene (GR) doped thionine (TH) was electropolymerized synchronously on the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form co‐polymer (PTG) electrode. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were decorated on the surface of the PTG by in‐situ electrodeposition, and the functional co‐polymer (PTG‐AuNPs) electrode was utilized as sensing interface. Then, TB binding aptamer I (TBA I) as capture probes were modified on the PTG‐AuNPs electrode to capture TB, and Ru(bpy)32+/silver nanoparticles doped silica core‐shell nanocomposites‐labeled TB binding aptamer II (RuAg/SiO2NPs@TBA II) were used as signal probes to further bind TB, resulting in a sandwich structure. With the assistant of silica shell and AgNPs, the enrichment and luminous efficiency of Ru(bpy)32+ were significantly improved. Under the synergy of PTG‐AuNPs and RuAg/SiO2NPs, the ECL signal was dramatically increased. The proposed ECL aptasensor displayed a wide linear range from 2 fM to 2 pM with the detection limit of 1 fM, which is comparable or better than that in reported ECL aptasensors for TB using Ru(bpy)32+ and its derivatives as the luminescent substance. The excellent sensitivity makes the proposed aptasensor a promising potential in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis.
A model for Antarctic surface mass balance and ice core site selection
Authors: White Philip A. , Reese C. Shane , Christensen William F. , Rupper Summer
Published: May 2019

In this study, we develop a model for Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB), which allows us to assess regional and global uncertainty in SMB estimation and carry out a model‐based design to propose new measurement sites. For this analysis, we use a quality‐controlled aggregate data set of SMB field measurements with significantly more observations than previous analyses; however, many of the measurements in this data set lack quality ratings. In addition, these data demonstrate spatial autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and non‐Gaussianity. To account for these data attributes, we pose a Bayesian Gaussian process generalized linear model for SMB. To address missing reliability ratings, we use a mixture model with different variances to add robustness to our model. In addition, we present a novel approach for modeling the variance as a function of the mean to account for the heteroscedasticity in the data. Using this model, we predict Antarctic SMB and compare our estimates with previous estimates. In addition, we create prediction maps with uncertainty to visualize spatial patterns in SMB and to identify regions of high SMB uncertainty. Our model estimates the total SMB to be 2,156 Gton/yr over the range of our data, with 95% credible interval (2,081, 2,234) Gton/yr. Overall, our results suggest lower Antarctic SMB than previously reported. This lower SMB estimate may be indicative of a more dire diagnosis of the long‐term health of the Antarctic ice sheets. Lastly, we use our model to propose 25 new measurement sites for the field study utilizing a sequential design, minimizing the integrated mean squared error.
Facile salt‐free process for cotton fabric dyeing: Pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
Authors: Yu Chengbing , Lu Yilin , Chang Yixun , Liang Shanshan , Tao Kaixin
Published: May 2019

Severe effluent pollution has set new requirements for eliminating the use of salts during the reactive dyeing of cotton. In this study, 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as an etherifying agent via a pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process with a reactive dye to cationize cotton. The fabric underwent a microwave‐assisted pad‐irradiate process, and the cationic fabric was dyed salt‐free using a reactive dye in a pad‐steam process. The influence of etherifying conditions on the nitrogen content, grafting efficiency of the cotton samples, and dyeing properties of cationic cotton fabrics were investigated. Cationic cotton samples have the same dyeability with a reactive dye without salt as with dyes used in a conventional pad‐dry‐pad‐steam process because of the increase in the electrostatic attraction between the dye and the cationic cotton. Such an approach that eliminates salts is beneficial to environmental protection. Properties of the dyed cotton (such as color evenness, washing, and rubbing fastness) obtained using the reactive dye made the cotton fabric wearable enough to satisfy standard requirements.
Problem‐Solving Across Literatures: Comparative Federalism and Multi‐Level Governance in Climate Change Action
Authors: Irepoglu Carreras Yasemin
Published: May 2019

This paper aims at making a conceptual and theoretical contribution to understanding problem‐solving capacity in multi‐level contexts. To do so, I use the framework of structure, agency, process, and outcome to systematically discuss how the literatures of comparative federalism and multi‐level governance define and analyze problem‐solving. In discussing these literatures, I also examine how concepts such as integration, functional differentiation, self‐rule, and shared‐rule have important implications for problem‐solving. Policy challenges, such as climate change, require problem‐solving at various territorial levels. To demonstrate the insight from the two literatures and to offer comprehensive theoretical implications for effective problem‐solving capacity, this paper also provides illustrative examples of climate change action and environmental policy in Germany and the EU.
Efficacy of combined surgery and 125I seed brachytherapy for treatment of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Yuan , Wu Wen‐Jie , Zheng Lei , Huang Ming‐Wei , Shi Yan , Lv Xiao‐Ming , Liu Shu‐Ming , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2019

Background

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of surgery combined with postoperative 125I seed brachytherapy for treatment of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of data of patients with MEC (n = 108) treated with surgery plus postoperative 125I seed brachytherapy between 2004 and 2016. Overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), local control rate (LCR), distant metastasis, and radiation‐associated toxicities were analyzed, and factors affecting outcomes were evaluated.

Results

The 5‐ and 10‐year OS were 98.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The DFS and LCR at 5 and 10 years were all 91.4%. Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54‐30.55) and T4 disease (HR = 7.15, 95% CI: 1.40‐36.52) were poor prognostic factors. Acute radiation‐associated toxicities were minor.

Conclusion

Surgery plus 125I seed brachytherapy appears to be an effective treatment for parotid gland MEC, capable of providing satisfactory outcomes with few complications.
Prevalence and clinical impact of TP53 germline mutations in Chinese women with breast cancer
Authors: Sheng Shuyan , Xu Ye , Guo Yonghai , Yao Lu , Hu Li , Ouyang Tao , Li Jinfeng , Wang Tianfeng , Fan Zhaoqing , Fan Tie , Lin Benyao , Xie Yuntao
Published: May 2019

The prevalence and clinical relevance of TP53 germline mutations in a large unselected breast cancer series are largely unknown. Here, we determined TP53 germline mutations in a large cohort of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients through multigene panel‐based next‐generation and/or Sanger sequencing assays. We found that 0.5% of patients (50 cases) carried a pathogenic TP53 germline mutation in this large series of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients, and the prevalence of TP53 germline mutation was 3.8% in very early onset breast cancer (age ≤30 years) in this large cohort. TP53 mutation carriers were significantly more likely to have early onset cancer (p < 0.001) and bilateral breast cancer (p = 0.03), they and were significantly more likely to respond to carboplatin‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to anthracycline‐ or taxane‐based regimen in terms of pathologic complete response (50% vs. 0%, p = 0.006). At the median follow‐up of 54 months, TP53 mutation was an independent unfavorable factor for recurrence‐free survival (RFS), distant recurrence‐free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) (RFS, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–4.33, p = 0.02; DRFS, adjusted HR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.41–5.30, p = 0.003; OS, adjusted HR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.26–9.41, p < 0.001) in multivariate analyses. Our study suggested that TP53 germline mutations occur more frequently in very early onset unselected breast cancer patients; and TP53 germline mutation carriers have a very poor survival and may benefit from carboplatin‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in unselected breast cancer patients.
Investigating barriers and facilitators to facility‐level births in rural Guatemala
Authors: Juarez Michel , Martinez Boris , Hall‐Clifford Rachel , Clifford Gari , Rohloff Peter
Published: May 2019

ClinicalTrials.gov

NCT02348840
Survival of a Jehovah's Witness with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura without using plasma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Baseri Babak , Vishwanathan Swati , Benasher Daniel , Khazan Mikhail , Luhrs Carol , Tsai Han‐Mou
Published: May 2019

Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is a serious disorder with arteriolar and capillary thrombosis for which the treatment usually requires plasma exchange with plasma as the replacement fluid. Management of patients who do not accept blood products is a serious challenge. We present the case of a Jehovah's Witness patient who achieved clinical response after treatment with plasma exchange using human albumin solution as the replacing fluid, high dose corticosteroids, and rituximab. The patient also received ADAMTS13 containing plasma cryoprecipitate and von Willebrand factor VIII concentrates. She had an exacerbation of her TTP in less than 3 weeks. She was treated with further plasma exchange with human albumin solution as the replacement fluid, high dose steroids, and rituximab. Bortezomib and N‐acetylcysteine were added. The patient eventually improved clinically and achieved remission that is ongoing for more than 7 months. A review of the literature shows that all five previously reported cases of aTTP in Jehovah's Witnesses survived although none received plasma. Two were not even treated with plasma exchange. The experience of this case and those in the literature demonstrates that remission of aTTP may be achieved without using plasma or plasma exchange.
A comparative morphological and histological study of the gastrointestinal tract of four insectivorous bat species: Asellia tridens, Chaerephon pumilus, Nycteris thebaica, Rhinopoma hardwickii
Authors: Aylward Mikal , Beselaar Leandrie C. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Amor Nabil M. S. , Mohammed Osama B. , Kotzé Sanet H.
Published: May 2019

Various studies address the morphology of the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of insectivorous bat species. However, detailed morphometric studies including mucin histochemistry are scarce. This study compares various GIT measurements as well as the quantification of intestinal mucin secreting cells in four insectivorous bat species representing four different families of Chiroptera. Alcian blue/Periodic acid Schiff's stain was used to differentiate between acid and neutral mucin‐secreting cells while the Aldehyde fuchsin/Alcian blue stain further differentiated between two acid mucins, namely sialo‐, and sulphomucins. The number of cells was quantified and statistically analysed. All species had a simple GIT morphology represented by a simple, completely glandular stomach and the absence of a cecum. The exception was R. hardwickii, where a small cecum was observed which had histological mucosal features of both the small and large intestine. In R.hardwickii, distal to the cecum, typical colonic mucosal features such as the absence of villi and an abundance of goblet cells were observed. In all four species, the total number of goblet cells increased from the proximal to the distal intestinal regions. Mixed (acid and neutral) mucins dominated the entire GIT of all species. Neutral mucin‐secreting cells were observed in the gastric pylorus and proximal intestinal regions in all species. Brunner's glands stained positive for neutral mucins. Exclusively acid mucin‐secreting cells were seen in the distal intestinal regions of all species except N. thebaica. Sulphomucin‐secreting cells were the most prominent acid mucin cell‐type towards the distal intestine. The distribution of different mucin secreting cells indirectly provides information regarding the quality of the intestinal biofilm in the species studied.
A Laplace transform approach to the simulation of DC‐DC converters
Authors: Grasso Francesco , Manetti Stefano , Piccirilli Maria Cristina , Reatti Alberto
Published: May 2019

An approach to the simulation of pulse width modulation (PWM) direct current–direct current (DC‐DC) converters operated under continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) is presented. It is based on the use of the Laplace transform and of dedicated models for controlled switches and diodes. Time‐domain waveforms are obtained from network functions representing the circuit under analysis without assuming small‐signal approximation. A program implementing the proposed approach has been also developed by exploiting symbolic analysis techniques. Because of its symbolic nature, it can profitably support numerical simulators in design optimization phase. Its characteristics and potentialities are shown through examples and experimental tests.
Prediction of Cloud Point Curves of Alkyl Ethoxylates with the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic‐Difference and Net‐Average‐Curvature (HLD‐NAC) Framework
Authors: Choi Francis , Zarate‐Muñoz Silvia , Acosta Edgar J.
Published: May 2019

Understanding and predicting cloud point phenomena is important for the formulation of nonionic surfactant systems, and the design of cloud‐phenomena‐associated separation processes. There have been several approaches to fit and predict the cloud point phenomena, in most cases using bulk thermodynamic approaches. In this work, we introduced the hydrophilic–lipophilic‐difference and net‐average‐curvature (HLD‐NAC) as an interfacial (curvature) approach to predict cloud point values at different surfactant concentrations (cloud point curve). The HLD‐NAC method could fully predict the cloud point of alkyl ethoxylate of pure surfactants, typically within 4 °C of the experimental values, using published HLD constants, and the molecular structure of the surfactants. For commercial (polydispersed) surfactants, the same level of accuracy can be achieved if the experimental cloud point at 1 wt.% is used to adjust the HLD values. One additional benefit of using the HLD framework is the ability to predict changes in the cloud point curve with the introduction of electrolytes. While other models can fit the experimental data within 1 °C, the greater uncertainty of the HLD‐NAC (~4 °C) is a reasonable compromise given the simplicity of the approach.
Tracing major metabolites of quinoxaline‐1,4‐dioxides in abalone with high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem positive‐mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yanshen , Sun Mingxue , Mao Xin , Li Juan , Sumarah Mark W , You Yanli , Wang Yunhui
Published: May 2019

Background

Owing to the comprehensive application of quinoxaline‐1,4‐dioxides (QdNOs) in aquaculture, QdNOs and metabolites are often detected in marine food, including abalone. QdNOs are reported to exhibit cytotoxicity, photoallergy, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity activities. To monitor for contamination of QdNOS in abalone and assess dietary exposure, a simple and reliable analytical method for the detection of QdNOs and their major metabolites was developed.

Results

This work is the first to present a simple and fast pretreatment procedure coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem positive‐mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for tracing of major metabolites of QdNOs in abalone. Extraction steps were simplified by the use of methanol and ethyl acetate containing 0.1% formic acid instead of more complicated acidolysis and enzymolysis pretreatment procedures. High‐sensitive characters were obtained with limits of detection ranged from 0.16 to 2.1 μg kg−1 for QdNOs and their major metabolites.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the LC–MS/MS method developed could be applied for QdNOs and major metabolites detection in actual samples. Considering the large production and consumption of abalone in Shandong Province, China, this work will also contribute to the further understanding of the often‐ignored exposure pathway of QdNOs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Does prey elemental stoichiometry influence copepod movement over ontogeny?
Authors: Herstoff Emily M. , Baines Stephen B. , Boersma Maarten , Meunier Cédric L.
Published: May 2019

Many planktonic consumers alter their behavior depending on the concentration of food in the environment, but responses to changes in food quality, as characterized by its elemental stoichiometry, are less well understood. Because of different nutritional demands across life history stages, consumer's responses to prey quality may vary across ontogeny. We build on previous observations of consumer selectivity and responses to prey presence by examining responses of displacement and movement patterns to prey stoichiometry. We used high‐speed videography to quantify displacement and movement patterns of the marine copepod, Acartia tonsa, as they varied with elemental content of microalgal food offered during preconditioning and during imaging trials. Life stages were sensitive to different nutrient elements in prey, with movement in copepodites generally varying with nitrogen content, and in adults with both nitrogen and phosphorus content. Net displacement was lower when adults and copepodites were offered fully replete and nitrogen‐replete food, respectively. Displacement of adults was more sensitive to the quality of food offered during preconditioning, and displacement of copepodites was affected by food quality during both preconditioning and trials. Naupliar displacement and movement patterns were generally insensitive to food quality. Only adults significantly altered movement patterns associated with feeding in response to food quality; adult helical swimming significantly increased in the treatments in which stoichiometrically replete food was offered in both preconditioning and behavioral trials. Older stages of A. tonsa alter movement in response to food quality in ways that may allow the selective use of patches of high‐quality prey.
Electrospun Ribbon‐Like Microfiber Films of a Novel Guanidine‐Based ABA Triblock Copolymer: Fabrication, Antibacterial Activity, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Yanna , Cui Kun , Zhao Qiaoling , Huang Jin , Mao Shuhong , Jiang Tao , Ma Zhi
Published: May 2019

Guanidine‐based polymers have emerged as potential candidates for antibacterial agents and materials due to their high antibacterial property, no cytotoxicity, no bacterial resistance, and so on. A novel antimicrobial poly(methacryl guanidine hydrochloride)‐block‐polystyrene‐block‐poly(methacryl guanidine hydrochloride) (PMAGH‐b‐PS‐b‐PMAGH) is electrospun to ribbon‐like microfiber films for the first time. The electrospinning process parameters affecting structure and morphology of the ribbon‐like microfibers, including concentration, voltage, and feeding rate are systematically investigated. The mechanism inducing the formation of ribbon‐like fibers with a positively charged polymer is proposed and verified. PMAGH‐b‐PS‐b‐PMAGH microfiber films can inhibit 96% of Escherichia coli and 92% of Bacillus subtilis, and are not cytotoxic to mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but instead, provide a larger surface area for cell adherent growth.
A Multiscale Approach for the Nonlinear Mechanical Response of 3‐Phases Fiber Reinforced Graphene Nanoplatelets Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Azoti Wiyao , Elmarakbi Ahmed
Published: May 2019

This work presents an analytical approach for solving the nonlinear mechanical response of hybrid glass fibers reinforced graphene polymer composite materials. Two‐scale homogenization technique derives the effective properties of the composite. At the first scale, the properties of a 2‐phases graphene/polymer composite are obtained by accounting for the J2 plasticity coupled with the “Lemaitre–Chaboche” ductile damage model. An interfacial imperfection between the fillers and the matrix is considered through the linear spring model (LSM). At the second scale, the modeling of the 3‐phases glass fibers/graphene/polymer composite combines the 2‐phases composite as a matrix phase in which are embedded the glass fibers. For both scales, a modified Mori–Tanaka scheme derives the effective properties. Numerical results, obtained for a thermoplastic PA6 matrix, are compared with the multistep method of Digimat software. Finally, a tension–torsion test shows that the imperfection at the fibers/polymer interface is the driven parameter to weaken mechanical responses in the shear direction.
A comparison of genomic laboratory reports and observations that may enhance their clinical utility for providers and patients
Authors: Davis Kyle Walter , Hamby Erby Lori , Fiallos Katie , Martin Megan , Wassman Edward Robert
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To assess clinical chromosomal microarray (CMA) genomic testing reports for the following: (a) usage of reporting elements consistent with 2011 ACMG guidelines and other elements identified in the primary literature, (b) information quality, and (c) readability.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed genomic testing reports from 2011 to 2016 provided to, or by our laboratory to aid in clinical detection and interpretation of copy number variants. Analysis was restricted to the following sections: interpretation, recommendations, limitations, and citations. Analysis included descriptive characteristics, reporting elements, reading difficulty using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and quality ratings using a subset of questions adapted from the DISCERN‐Genetics questionnaire.

Results

The analysis included 44 unique reports from 26 laboratories comprising four groups: specialty laboratories (SL; N = 9), reference laboratories (RL; N = 12), hospital laboratories (HL; N = 10), and university‐based laboratories (UL; N = 13). There were 23 abnormal/pathogenic reports and 21 of uncertain/unknown significance. Nine laboratories did not include one or more pieces of information based on ACMG guidelines; only one of ten laboratories reported condition‐specific management/treatment information when available and relevant. Average quality ratings and readability scores were not significantly different between laboratory types or result classification.

Conclusions

Reporting practices for most report elements varied widely; however, readability and quality did not differ significantly between laboratory types. Management and treatment information, even for well‐known conditions, are rarely included. Effectively communicating test results may be improved if certain reporting elements are incorporated. Recommendations to improve laboratory reports are provided.
Effect of a nondominant perforator on multiterritory perforator flap survival in rats
Authors: Wang Long , Wu Hongqiang , Yan Hede , Dong Xiaoming , He Zhiling , Ding Jian , Gao Weiyang
Published: May 2019

Background

During flap surgery, the dominant perforator is usually selected as the pedicle. This study investigated the effect of a nondominant perforator on multiterritory perforator flap survival.

Methods

The deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (DCIA flap) and intercostal artery perforator flap (ICA flap) were performed (n = 12). Only the pedicle was different between the two flaps. The DCIA flap was based on the right and peripheral DCIA with three dynamic and two potential perforasomes. The ICA flap was based on the right and central ICA with five dynamic perforasomes. All adjacent perforators were ligated except the pedicle. On postoperative day 7, flap viability, angiography findings, and perfusion were compared.

Results

Even though the diameter of DCIA (mm) was larger than that of ICA (0.49 ± 0.03 vs. 0.4 ± 0.04; p < .05), the ICA flap survival rate (%) was higher than that of DCIA flap (99.5 ± 0.7 vs. 83.8 ± 3.9; p < .001). Based on a dominant perforator, a necrotic area was observed in the potential perforasomes of the DCIA flap. The choke vessels between the anatomical and dynamic perforasomes dilated postoperatively in the two flaps, whereas the others did not. The perfusion (PU) differences between the DCIA and ICA flaps in the dynamic perforasomes were nonsignificant (average, 342.4 ± 9.1 vs. 347.3 ± 7.3; p > .05).

Conclusion

Increasing the number of dynamic perforasomes had no effect on flap survival, even based on a nondominant perforator. And the pedicle position affected flap survival.