bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment and fermentation of lignocellulose from oil palm fronds as a potential source of fibre for ruminant feed: a review
Authors: Kusmiati Rita , Syaputri Yolani , Abun  , Safitri Ratu
Published: September 2024

Oil palm fronds are plantation waste widely available in large quantities and have great potential as a source of ruminant feed due to their high fibre content. However, the lignocellulose content can inhibit feed digestion. This review examines methods that can reduce the lignocellulose content and improve the nutritional quality of palm fronds. The lignin content of palm fronds ranges from 17% to 20%, while the maximum lignin content in ruminant feed is 7%. Processing processes such as pretreatment are needed to reduce the lignocellulose content. Pretreatment can be done physically, chemically, biologically or in combination with other methods. Physical pretreatment aims to reduce the size of lignocellulose, chemical pretreatment seeks to break the crystallinity structure of lignocellulose with chemical solutions such as acids or alkalis, and biological pretreatment degrades the structure of lignocellulose with the help of enzymes produced by microbes. The protein content of palm fronds also does not meet the feed standard, which is only 5%, while according to Indonesian national standards, ruminant feed, especially cattle, must have a minimum protein content of 14%. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of palm fronds through fermentation methods. The selection of the right microbes is the main factor in the success of increasing nutrition. The SSF fermentation method is frequently used in feed manufacturing. By synthesizing the current knowledge, this review also highlights the challenges of the pretreatment process as well as solutions that include prospects in the research of palm fronds as ruminant feed, which in turn can contribute to the increased utilization of lignocellulosic waste as animal feed.
Formulation challenges associated with microbial biofertilizers in sustainable agriculture and paths forward
Authors: Fadiji Ayomide Emmanuel , Xiong Chao , Egidi Eleonora , Singh Brajesh K.
Published: September 2024

Sustainable increase in agriculture productivity is confronted by over‐reliance and over‐use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. With a market projection of $5.02 billion by 2030, biofertilizers are gaining momentum as a supplement and, in some cases, as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers can improve the nutritional supply to the plant and simultaneously can improve soil health, reduce greenhouse emissions, and hence directly contribute towards environmental sustainability. Plant growth‐promoting microbes (PGPMs) are particularly receiving significant attention as biofertilizers. They are widely known for their ability to improve plant growth via increasing nutrient availability and use efficiency. However, except for a few successful cases, the commercialization of PGPM‐based inoculants is still limited, mainly due to lack of field efficacy and consistency. Lack of effective formulation technologies that keep microbial inoculants viable during storage, transport and field application is considered one of the key factors that drive inconsistent efficacy of microbial biofertilizers. In this review, we identify current challenges associated with the application and formulation of microbial inoculants. We propose future paths, including advancement in formulation technologies that are potentially efficient, eco‐friendly and cost‐effective. We argue that to enhance the global adoption of biofertilizers, new innovations based on transdisciplinary approaches are indispensable. The emerging framework should encompass a robust quality control system at all stages. Additionally, the active partnership between the academic and industry stakeholders will pave the way for enhanced global adoption of microbial fertilizers.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Photophysical and Biological Properties of Tetrafluoroacridine
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Yadav Dibya , Indari Omkar , Varshney Nidhi , Singh Amrendra K. , Jha Hem C. , Mukhopadhyay Suman , Misra Shilpi
Published: September 2024

1,4,5,8‐Tetrafluoroacridine was successfully synthesized from 1,4,5,8‐tetrafluoroacridone through transfer hydrogenation using an in‐house ruthenium pincer catalyst followed by in situ dehydration. The synthetic protocol involves the copper‐catalyzed coupling of 2‐amino‐3,6‐difluorobenzoic acid 1 and 1,4‐difluoro‐2‐iodobenzene 2 to obtain 3 followed by cyclization using polyphosphoric acid to get the 1,4,5,8‐tetrafluoroacridone 4. Common synthetic strategies for converting 4 to the 1,4,5,8‐tetrafluoroacridine 5 were unsuccessful and the transfer hydrogenation approach proved to be most fruitful. 1,4,5,8‐Tetrafluoroacridone 4 can be N‐methylated to give 9. The investigation into the photophysical properties of 4, 5, and 9 revealed that the average photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of the acridine derivatives was longer in the aqueous medium than in ethanol and methanol, indicating the influence of the solvent environment on the excited‐state dynamics. To assess their potential therapeutic applications, the cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against AGS and IMR‐32 cells, and compound 9 showed significant activity. The addition of methyl group to the acridone was found helpful in enhancing the solubility and biological activity.
Optimisation of Catalytic Oxidation Conditions for the 2‐Keto‐L‐Gulonic Acid Production Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mutlu Ceren , Candal‐Uslu Cihadiye , Erbaş Mustafa
Published: September 2024

L‐Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a very important antioxidant ingredient situated many usage areas in different industries. 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid (2‐KLG) is the main precursor component of L‐ascorbic acid production and it can be produced from L‐sorbose via microbial fermentation or chemical (catalytic) oxidation. While some special strains are used in microbial fermentation, it is benefitted from some catalysts in chemical oxidation. Herein, it was aimed to determine the optimum reaction temperature, pH, and time conditions to produce maximum 2‐KLG compound with the catalytic oxidation of L‐sorbose in the presence of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst with response surface methodology approach. For this aim, the reaction temperature, pH, and time used as variable factors. The limit values of variable factors were applied as 40–60 °C for the temperature, 7.00–9.00 for the pH value, and 3–9 h for the time. The analyses results demonstrated that the increasing temperature and time negatively effected the conversion of L‐sorbose into the 2‐KLG. The optimum conditions of variable factors were determined as 41.30 °C for the temperature, 8.23 for the pH, and 3.25 h for the reaction time by the central composite design. Under these optimum conditions, L‐sorbose was converted into 2‐KLG with an average yield of 43.70 %.
New Quinoline Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Potential Against Candida Albicans and Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Glanzmann Nícolas , de Oliveira Lemos Ari Sérgio , Meinel Raíssa Soares , Torres Branca Matheus , Mayrink Natasha Silva , Da Costa Nunes Isabelle K. , Pereira Henrique Marcelo Gualberto , Coimbra Elaine Soares , Fabri Rodrigo Luiz , da Silva Adilson David
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global health concern, demanding the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Quinoline derivatives emerge as promising candidates with their diverse chemical structures and recognized bioactive properties. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potency of newly synthesized quinoline derivatives against Candida albicans and five bacterial strains, which are responsible for various infections and have exhibited varying degrees of antibiotic resistance. A series of quinoline derivatives were synthesized through simple structural modifications, such as the inclusion of nitro, amino, and hydrazino groups, or using the molecular hybridization strategy, involving the combination of quinoline and 1,2,3‐triazoles. None of the compounds showed promising activity against the bacterial strains. However, a promising fungistatic effect was observed against C. albicans. In this test, two of the compounds showed lower MIC values than fluconazole (25 μg/mL). In addition, the most promising compounds showed high affinity for the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase, due to the low energy values found (−7.6 and −8.2 kcal/mol). Our study offers new avenues for future drug development in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Exploring Nano‐Protein Corona Dynamics: Tracing the Hard‐to‐Soft Corona Transition with Trypsin and Graphene Oxide in a Silver Nanocomposite Model
Authors: Sharma Navita , Yadav Deepika , Kumari Sujata , Ghosh Debasree , Shandilya Manish , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Srivastava Chandra Mohan , Majumder Sudip
Published: September 2024

In this work, the adsorption of Trypsin on synthesized Silver (Ag), Graphene Oxide: Silver (GO: Ag) nanocomposite (2:1), and Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) and, their effect on the conformation of Trypsin was studied by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to understand the transition of nano Protein Corona (PC) from “hard” to “soft.” The results showed that the adsorption of Trypsin on synthesized NPs followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The conformational changes that occurred in Trypsin upon interaction with synthesized NPs were investigated by using Circular Dichroism (CD), Fluorescence, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphological investigation of nano PC using High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR‐TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indicated the formation of hard, semi‐soft, and soft nano PC in the presence of Ag, GO: Ag, and GO NPs, respectively. The negative value of the thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS in all three cases suggests the reaction to be exothermic and spontaneous. The van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding are the major forces responsible for binding Trypsin on the surface of Ag, GO: Ag, and GO. The catalytic efficiency of trypsin in the absence and presence of NPs was examined by performing the protein assay showing the highest catalytic activity of pure Trypsin compared with trypsin‐NPs constructs. Our findings provide useful information for the applications of GO‐based nanocomposites for various biological applications.
How to Experimentally Determine the Influence of the Weak Nuclear Force in Promoting Molecular Chirality via Heavy–Metal Promoted Autocatalytic Synthesis of Amino Acids
Authors: Cowan J. A.
Published: September 2024

The potential impact of the parity non‐conserving (PNC) weak nuclear interaction on the chirality of a nascent chiral carbon center has previously been examined in the context of evolutionary models for enantiomeric selectivity in the formation of natural amino acids and nucleic acids. Since the PNC effect is the only inherently handed property in nature, it is an obvious candidate to consider in those cases where there is a natural selectivity for a specific enantiomer, including the molecular building blocks of the molecules of life. Over geological timeframes, the potential impact of the PNC weak nuclear force on chiral preference appears feasible. Key requirements included an autocatalytic reaction cycle and involvement of metal‐ion catalysts. While prior studies offer no feasible path to experimentally test the hypothesis; the Z5‐dependence of the PNC interaction does suggest that catalysis by heavy elements could yield observable chiral preferences within an experimentally accessible timeframe. Calculations of the magnitude of the effect are presented for select heavy‐elements and it is shown that chiral preference could be observed within a time span of weeks to months when such metals are used to promote amino acid synthesis via an autocatalytic Strecker reaction.
Strategies Employing Transition‐Metal Free Conditions for C−C Bond Formation in Indoles
Authors: Ghodake Balaji M. , Paul Sayantan , Bhattacharya Asish K.
Published: September 2024

Indole motifs are omnipresent in nature and can be found in many natural products as well as pharmaceuticals. It is for this reason synthetic transformations of indole have become a topic of interest for the organic and medicinal chemist community for decades. In this review, we have emphasized the functionalization of indoles via transition‐metal‐free approaches. This review touches on many aspects in different sub‐sections, which gives a proposition of the tactics employed for the functionalization of indoles and an overview of the road ahead.
Metal Complexes of Cobalt Chloride with Vinyl‐, Allyl‐ and Styrylbenzimidazole Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Sterkhova Irina V. , Parshina Lidiya N. , Grishchenko Lyudmila A. , Borodina Tat'yana N. , Belovezhets Lyudmila A. , Semenov Valentin A.
Published: September 2024

Three N‐substituted benzimidazole cobalt(II) complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography. The crystal packing formation features were studied by AIM analysis, and the energy and nature of both weak noncovalent interactions in the crystal and metal–ligand coordination bonds were assessed. These N‐coordinated cobalt(II) complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐positive (Enterococcus durans) bacteria. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC = 6.2 mg/mL) were found for complex cobalt chloride with allylbenzimidazole ligands against E. durans and E. coli. Its antimicrobial activity is several times higher compared to the reference gentamicin. Molecular docking made it possible to consider the nature of binding of cobalt metal complexes with vinyl‐, allyl‐ and styrylbenzimidazole ligands to biological targets and estimate their energy. The binding energy meanings depend on protein and ligand type, and reaches 8 kcal/mol.
Access to Seleno‐Functionalized Thiazolo[3,2‐a]Pyrimidinones and Pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]Thiazinones via Selenocyclization of 2‐Alkenylthiopyrimidinones and Their Fused Analogs
Authors: Vaskevych Alla , Shishkina Svitlana , Dekhtyar Maryna , Smolii Oleg , Vovk Mykhailo
Published: September 2024

The methodology of electrophilic selenylation/cyclization of 2‐alkenylthiopyrimidinones and their fused analogs underlies most of the reported synthetic approaches to seleno‐functionalized thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidinones and pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinones. We have developed a novel implementation of this strategy using as reagent phenylselenyl chloride or the visible‐light‐induced radical‐generating (PhSe)2/CBr4 system. The effect of the unsaturated substrate structure and reaction conditions on the selenocyclization regioselectivity has been revealed and analyzed in detail. It has been established that regardless of the conditions used, 2‐allylthiopyrimidinones react with selenylating agents via electrophilic 5‐exo‐trig cyclization mainly involving the N1 nitrogen atom to give selenium‐containing thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidinones as major products. On the contrary, the selenocyclization with 2‐cinnamylthiopyrimidinones is dominated by the 6‐endo‐trig mode: it mostly involves six‐membered ring closure at the N1 or N3 atom thus leading to selenylated pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinones, with the regiochemistry governed by the position and nature of the substituents on the substrate pyrimidine ring. However, some of the fused cinnamylthio‐substituted substrates yield 5‐exo‐trig cyclized products in the LiClO4/МеNO2 system (a sufficiently polar solvent with a strong electrolyte added).
Posttraumatic growth among Israeli female combat veterans: The mediating roles of posttraumatic stress symptoms and self‐efficacy
Authors: Zerach Gadi
Published: September 2024

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a possible common reaction to exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) during military service. However, knowledge about correlates of PTG among female combat veterans is sparse. This study examines associations between combat exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), general self‐efficacy (GSE), and PTG among Israeli female veterans. This is a cross‐sectional studyA volunteer sample of female Israeli combat veterans (n = 616) and non‐combat veterans (n = 484) responded to self‐report questionnaires. Combat veterans reported higher levels of combat exposure, PTSS, GSE, and PTG, as compared to non‐combat veterans. Among combat veterans, combat exposure and GSE were associated with greater PTG. Importantly, PTSS and GSE mediated the link between combat exposure and PTG. The study's findings are among the first to report about possible psychological growth outcomes among Israeli combat veterans. Clinicians treating female veterans coping with combat trauma should be aware of the heterogeneity of reactions to military service challenges and the importance of enhancing veterans' GSE to facilitate PTG.
Complex system management: Intuition and/or analysis with artificial intelligence involvement
Authors: Hallo Leonie , Nguyen Tiep , Chileshe Nicholas , Nguyen Ba Quang Vinh
Published: September 2024

This paper tackles the largely untouched issue of optimal management of complex systems, now rendered much more challenging by current conditions of instability and turbulence. Managers need capabilities of foresight and holism in capturing the essence of wicked problems and the best way forward. Interviews were conducted with complex systems managers regarding their perceptions of the value of analysis and intuition in these circumstances and the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to bring extra value to both modes, analysis, and intuition. Findings indicate that both styles were employed, and descriptions of intuition covered both experience‐based intuition and creative intuition. Regarding the encroachment of AI, the advantages of speed and reduced costs seemed to these respondents to make its adoption mandatory. However, the oversight role of people was considered critical by most respondents. The paper presents a framework to assist managers in understanding the relative roles of AI, analysis, and intuition as these relate to the complexity level of the system being managed.
Mathematical modeling of convective heat transfer enhancement using circular cylinders in an inverted T‐shaped porous enclosure
Authors: Kumar Sumant , Krishna Murthy S. V. S. S. N. V. G. , Kumar B. V. Rathish , Parmar Deepika
Published: September 2024

The present research aims to improve the convective thermal transport rate of a hybrid nanofluid within an inverted T‐shaped porous enclosure using strategically placed cold circular cylinders. Different locations of circular cylinders in the physical domain are distinguished with nomenclatures as Cases C0‐C4. The mathematical model, based on the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer equation, is numerically simulated through the penalty finite element method. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are depicted graphically, showcasing streamlines, isotherms, mean Nusselt number (), and heat transfer enhancement percentage (En%) across varied thermo‐physical parameters, including Rayleigh number (), Darcy number (), and porosity values (). Notably, the presence of two circular cylinders at the bottom flow zones (Case C4) demonstrates superior heat transfer compared to other spatial cylinder arrangements with increasing . Furthermore, augmenting flow parameters () in the case C4 model intensifies convective heat and fluid flow phenomena. A comparative analysis of thermal transport activity between Case C4 and the simple physical domain (Case C0) reveals maximum thermal enhancement of 166%, 167%, and 36% across varying , , and values. This comprehensive analysis suggests that two circular cylinders (Case C4) at the bottom flow section of the porous enclosure provide an effective strategy for enhancing convective fluid and thermal transport phenomena in an inverted T‐shaped porous enclosure. Moreover, this research significantly contributes in optimizing the thermal transport engineering of T‐shaped applications like solar collectors, exchangers, and heat storage.
A Humanistic Approach to Recommender Systems: Implications for 5.0 Marketing Management
Authors: Lile Ramona , Cuc Lavinia Denisia , Pantea Mioara Florina , Rad Dana
Published: September 2024

In the producer-customer interaction, humanistic management places a strong emphasis on the end-user interests. This perspective embraces a number of more focused philosophies that highly value human development, potential, and dignity. A reaction to the emerging mega-trend that calls for reevaluating marketing is humanistic marketing. Recently, 5.0 marketing management was created by integrating conventional theories of consumer behavior with fundamental concepts from humanistic psychology, such as the ability for self-actualization, self-direction, and choice. Currently, research on online consumer behavior examines how customers select products from e-commerce platforms, and recommendation engines are crucial to this process. A sort of information filtering system called a recommender system makes suggestions for products or services based on the user’s areas of greatest interest. The present cross-sectional research will further investigate how the main types of recommender systems—social-aware recommender systems, robust recommender systems, and explainable recommender systems—are perceived by individuals depending on three psychological characteristics: trust, suspiciousness, and fast and slow thinking decision-making system. A sequential mediation analysis was employed, and a significant indirect effect was observed, results indicating the impact of anchoring effect. Implications are discussed with regard to an efficient 5.0 marketing management strategy.
The Culture of Quality and the Organizational Behavior of Knowledge Organizations in the COVID Context
Authors: Țîțu Aurel Mihail , Oprean Constantin , Pop Alina Bianca , Țîțu Ștefan , Ceocea Costel , Dragomir Camelia Cristina
Published: September 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which is currently present in every country, has had a significant and unique effect on organizations all over the world. The abrupt move to remote work and virtual communication, among other things, has upset the old concepts of organizational behavior, organizational culture, quality culture, and management with all that encompasses it. This study intends to examine how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affects several aspects of organizational life and, implicitly, people’s decision-making, with a special emphasis on the meritocracy system in the company. These broad changes, to which the study’s authors refer, also resulted in a shift in organizational culture that put more of an emphasis on adaptability and flexibility. The overall message of the study is that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought attention to the value of meritocracy in the workplace since it may help identify and advance high-performing workers even in the face of challenges. This study emphasizes the nature and function of universities in contemporary society as knowledge-based institutions, as well as the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on universities as a whole and on those who work there as professors and more esteemed mentors. The researchers encourage and make recommendations for specific qualitative indicators that might be used in a setting resembling a university to enhance communication management with all conceivable connections to university administration. The evidence we provide shows that universities play a crucial role in society by facilitating access to knowledge, encouraging critical but also constructive thinking, and aiding in the intellectual growth of individuals. Universities and other organizations are facing tough problems because of the pandemic, including the need to transition to “distance” learning and keep up with emerging digital technology. To ensure the continuation of learning and to support both students and professors, it is stressed the significance of excellent communication management in universities and the need for clear and effective communication techniques. Managing a university-type organization can require effective and efficient communication to be successful. In this well-documented study, several qualitative indicators are put forth that can be used to enhance communication management in a setting resembling a university, to balance the quality culture, and to implement the proper paradigm for meritocracy. These signs include increasing transparency, open and effective employee participation, and the emergence of an open and honest communication culture. In a different vein, the study suggests a new paradigm, namely, the open presentation and operationalization of certain potential benefits that may arise from the successful use of these indicators, as well as the approaches to evaluating their efficacy and efficiency.
Modern Instrument for Nonconformities’ Management Within Quality Management Systems
Authors: Popa Maria , Glevitzky Ioana , Glevitzky Mirel , Popa Dorin Victor , Popa Doriana Maria , Titu Aurel Mihail , Oprean Constantin , Achim Moise Ioan
Published: September 2024

Nonconformities represent a frequently encountered factor in the operation of a company. It is imperative to constantly investigate the causes and sources of irregularities. For this purpose, for nonsatisfaction of the specified requirements, Kaizen management methods and tools can be used, which offer solutions to improve the nonconformity management process. In industry, regardless of the activity field, software applications that deal with and manage nonconformities can be created, depending on the potential or actual severity of the problem. The paper presents a modern tool, designed to manage nonconformities within a company. Entitled Auto-Quality Matrix, the application was developed and tested in a food industry unit whose field of activity is spring water bottling. The application can be constituted in a standardized process, which can work both on material and information flow, contributing to the visualization of the “quality level” of each individual section and its evolution. On the other hand, it helps to identify nonconformities as close as possible to the area that generates them. The results of the study highlight the advantages of using the new tool, while also exposing the conceptual approach that substantiates its design and validation.
Introduction
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: September 2024

Leopold Blaustein (1905–1942 [or 1944]) was a Polish-Jewish philosopher, aesthetician, psychologist, schoolteacher, and educationalist whose thought was shaped on the border between the main intellectual trends in Poland and Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Like a lens, his eclectic but original philosophy focused on new readings in the legacy of descriptive psychology, phenomenology, and Gestalt psychology. Certainly, he was well trained in these divergent yet intertwined traditions. After all, Blaustein was educated in Lvov (Lwów, now Lviv in Ukraine), where his teachers were, among others, Kazimierz Twardowski—a disciple of Franz Brentano in Vienna—who supervised his doctoral dissertation, and Roman Ingarden, who was working at that time on the basics of his phenomenological aesthetics, presented later in 1931 in Das literarische Kunstwerk [The Literary Work of Art]. Importantly, while working on his thesis in 1925, Blaustein studied for a few weeks in Freiburg im Breisgau under Edmund Husserl, who was lecturing then on phenomenological psychology. In addition, in 1927/28, he spent a few months in Berlin, where he had occasion to attend lectures given by Carl Stumpf or Max Wertheimer, not to mention his visits to the Berlin Psychological Institute. After his return to Poland in 1928, Blaustein published his first monograph in Polish, Husserlowska nauka o akcie, treści i przedmiocie przedstawienia [Husserl’s Theory of Act, Content and Object of Presentation], which was devoted solely to Husserl’s philosophy. This book is arguably the very first scholarly work which reads Husserl’s idea of intentionality in the context of Brentano and Bernard Bolzano. Later, Blaustein worked out an original methodological device which allowed him to study phenomena such as experiencing a theater play, a movie, or a radio drama. He also explored new ideas in humanistic psychology and the latest attempts to implement phenomenological tools in psychiatry. With this in mind, it should come as no surprise which scholars often emphasize the novelty of Blaustein’s approach.
Conclusion
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: September 2024

This book has aimed to present, discuss, and critically analyze Leopold Blaustein’s philosophy in different frameworks which determined its thematic scope, main concepts, arguments, and developments. This goal stemmed from the lack of exhaustive studies on the legacy of Blaustein. Some scholars have examined selected topics in his writings, wherein his view on Edmund Husserl’s theory of intentionality is probably the most discussed, but there has not yet been a systematic examination of his various contributions to philosophy. This is not to say, of course, that his thought was unimportant. Just the opposite. In the scholarly literature, one can easily find authors who testify that Blaustein was an important and novel thinker whose ideas were ahead of his time. This opinion is fully justified. I have presented his intellectual biography in the previous chapters, and against this background, I have discussed his theoretical struggles with the question of the methods used in descriptive psychology and phenomenology, as well as his philosophy of mind, his aesthetics, and his pioneering analyses of the experience of media. Considering the results of our analysis, one can agree that Blaustein’s explorations were indeed eclectic, but his readings of, among others, Husserl, Kazimierz Twardowski, Moriz Geiger, and Alexius Meinong were marked by careful questioning of the analyzed theories and, as a result, critical assessments. Undoubtedly, Blaustein referred to other theories not so much to repeat their main points but to attempt to achieve original outcomes; for instance, he critically reformulated and enlarged Twardowski’s taxonomy of presentations to describe phenomena such as cinemagoers’ experiences or embodied perception.
Analysis of Blaustein’s Critique of the Phenomenological Method
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: September 2024

The psychological themes in the method employed by Blaustein are pervasive, as shown in Chap. 3. In my analysis of these themes, I put forward the hypothesis that this attachment to psychology determined his view of phenomenology as an empirical discipline, rather than a priori eidetics or transcendental philosophy. Basically, Blaustein assumed that if phenomenology indeed concerns essences, this would mean that it abandons its proper object, i.e., lived experiences. For this reason, according to him, phenomenology ought to become, contra Husserl, an empirical discipline, which seems to suggest that it is possible only as a Brentanian-style descriptive or empirical psychology. Accordingly, Blaustein’s struggles with the phenomenological method can be viewed from a broader perspective. After all, as shown by, e.g., Theodore De Boer, Herbert Spiegelberg, or, more recently, by Andreea Smaranda Aldea and Denis Fisette, phenomenology emerged in a dispute with and in a critical assessment of the heritage of Brentano. Some may claim that Husserl’s break from Brentano was the cornerstone of his original philosophical project, i.e., transcendental phenomenology, which justified its claims as opposed to descriptive psychology. This, it seems, inspired Krzysztof Wieczorek to draw a parallel between Husserl and Blaustein; like Husserl, Blaustein discovered difficulties, inaccuracies, and even aporias in Brentano, and he “naturally” took the position of phenomenology. However, contrary to Wieczorek, I have argued that the psychological themes in Blaustein’s method are irreducible, and it is precisely for that reason that he was a proponent of descriptive psychology.
An Examination of Husserl’s Theory of Content
Authors: Płotka Witold
Published: September 2024

This chapter is an attempt to analyze the main ideas presented and developed by Blaustein in his early work, Husserlowska nauka o akcie, treści i przedmiocie przedstawienia [Husserl’s Theory of Act, Content and Object of Presentation], which was originally published in 1928. The book is a revised version of Blaustein’s doctoral thesis and is important for several reasons. First, it seems that the arguments and at least some of the theoretical solutions put forward in it provided the basis for Blaustein’s later reflections. This can be illustrated with two clear examples. One has to do with Blaustein’s use of the tripartite structure of content (which can be understood as quality, matter and presenting content) that he developed in discussion with Husserl and that laid the ground for his original classification of presentations. Another example is his 1930s study on the structure of perception in cinemagoers, in which he reflected on whether a cinemagoer’s experiences are the objects presented on the screen or rather sensations. In direct reference to the results of his previous work, Blaustein eventually opted for the latter. Thus, the book is an important step on the way to understanding how the concepts he used evolved. It is also worth mentioning that, in the global literature, it was perhaps the first extensive monograph devoted to Husserl’s theory of content, a conception which is well known to be very complex. In his interpretation, Blaustein advanced an interesting thesis whereby the conceptions from Logische Untersuchungen and the idea of the matter of an act presented therein are best understood within the framework of a tradition that can be traced back to Bolzano’s and Brentano’s philosophies. This tradition related the issue of content to the understanding of psychic phenomena or, more precisely, to the problem of their structure and the objects to which they refer: what is the relationship between the intentional object and the content of lived experience? Could it be that the object of psychic phenomena is just content? Additionally, how should the content of lived experience be understood here? According to Blaustein, when grappling with these questions, Husserl formulated an original conception of content. However, saying that the main intention of Husserlowska nauka… [Husserl’s Theory…] is to ground phenomenology in the tradition of Brentano would not do full justice to the complexity of the arguments developed in the book. Therefore, what was the novelty of its approach?
Enhancing Interpretability in Molecular Property Prediction with Contextual Explanations of Molecular Graphical Depictions
Authors: Bertolini Marco , Zhao Linlin , Montanari Floriane , Clevert Djork-Arné
Published: September 2024

The field of explainable AI applied to molecular property prediction models has often been reduced to deriving atomic contributions. This has impaired the interpretability of such models, as chemists rather think in terms of larger, chemically meaningful structures, which often do not simply reduce to the sum of their atomic constituents. We develop an explanatory strategy yielding both local as well as more complex structural attributions. We derive such contextual explanations in pixel space, exploiting the property that a molecule is not merely encoded through a collection of atoms and bonds, as is the case for string- or graph-based approaches. We provide evidence that the proposed explanation method satisfies desirable properties, namely sparsity and invariance with respect to the molecule’s symmetries, to a larger degree that the SMILES-based counterpart model. Nonetheless, they correlate as expected with these string-based explanation as well as with ground truths, when available. Contextual explanations thus maintain the accuracy of the original explanations while improving their interpretability.
Deep Bayesian Experimental Design for Drug Discovery
Authors: Masood Muhammad Arslan , Cui Tianyu , Kaski Samuel
Published: September 2024

In drug discovery, prioritizing compounds for testing is an important task. Active learning can assist in this endeavor by prioritizing molecules for label acquisition based on their estimated potential to enhance in-silico models. However, in specialized cases like toxicity modeling, limited dataset sizes can hinder effective training of modern neural networks for representation learning and to perform active learning. In this study, we leverage a transformer-based BERT model pretrained on millions of SMILES to perform active learning. Additionally, we explore different acquisition functions to assess their compatibility with pretrained BERT model. Our results demonstrate that pretrained models enhance active learning outcomes. Furthermore, we observe that active learning selects a higher proportion of positive compounds compared to random acquisition functions, an important advantage, especially in dealing with imbalanced toxicity datasets. Through a comparative analysis, we find that both BALD and EPIG acquisition functions outperform random acquisition, with EPIG exhibiting slightly superior performance over BALD. In summary, our study highlights the effectiveness of active learning in conjunction with pretrained models to tackle the problem of data scarcity.
Temporal Evaluation of Probability Calibration with Experimental Errors
Authors: Friesacher Hannah Rosa , Svensson Emma , Arany Adam , Mervin Lewis , Engkvist Ola
Published: September 2024

The quantification of uncertainties associated with neural network predictions can facilitate optimal decision-making and accelerate workflows where time and resource efficiency are essential.
Conclusion and Prospects
Authors: Xu Bin , Pang Rui
Published: September 2024

In this study, an examination of the impact of uncertain factors on the seismic response of high CFRDs is conducted within the framework of stochastic dynamics. A comprehensive performance-based seismic safety evaluation framework is delineated. The investigation encompasses the stochastic nature of ground motion during seismic events, the inherent uncertainties associated with material parameters, and the interconnected randomness inherent in both ground motion and material parameters. The study proceeds by systematically addressing these uncertainties. A stochastic ground motion model, predicated upon the seismic specification spectrum of hydraulic engineering, is meticulously formulated.
Energy growth in VLVL → VLVL, VLVLh scattering to probe Higgs cubic and HEFT interactions
Authors: Mahmud Shameran , Tobioka Kohsaku
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We compute the energy scales of perturbative unitarity violation in VLVL → VLVLh processes and compare them to VLVL → hhh process, where VL refers to a longitudinal mode of Z or W boson, and h the Higgs boson. Using these energy scales, we determine which process is more sensitive to potential modifications in the Higgs sector at high-energy colliders. Within the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT), we consider the Higgs cubic coupling and other interactions with and without derivatives. Any HEFT interactions predict the perturbative unitarity violation at a finite scale, and in a generic case, the minimalistic process is 2 → 3 scattering. Our analysis reveals that the energy scales for unitarity violation in VLVL → VLVLh and VLVL → hhh processes are similar across all scenarios considered. If the backgrounds are similar, VLVLh final states are more feasible because VLVLh has higher branching ratios in cleaner decay modes than hhh. We also investigate HEFT derivative interactions derived from various UV models. In these cases, both VLVL → VLVL and VLVL → hh processes exhibit unitarity violating behavior. We demonstrate that the energy scales for unitarity violation in VLVL final states are comparable to or even lower than those in the hh final state.
The linear property of genus-g, n-point, b-boundary, c-crosscap correlation functions in two-dimensional conformal field theory
Authors: Liu Xun
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We propose a method to challenge the calculation of genus-g, bulk n-point, b-boundary, c-crosscap correlation functions with x boundary operators $$ {\mathcal{F}}_{g,n,b,c}^x $$

F

g
,
n
,
b
,
c

x

in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFT2). We show that $$ {\mathcal{F}}_{g,n,b,c}^x $$

F

g
,
n
,
b
,
c

x

are infinite linear combinations of genus-g, bulk (n + b + c)-point functions Fg, (n + b + c), and try to obtain the linear coefficients in this work. We show the existence of a single pole structure in the linear coefficients at degenerate limits. A practical method to obtain the infinite linear coefficients is the free field realizations of Ishibashi states. We review the results in Virasoro minimal models $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
(p, p′) and extend it to the N = 1 minimal models $$ \mathcal{SM} $$
SM
(p, p′).
T-duality across non-extremal horizons
Authors: Médevielle M. , Mohaupt T.
Published: September 2024

Abstract

When applying T-duality to a generic, non-extreme Killing horizon, T-duality is spacelike on one side and timelike on the other. We show, using simple examples from four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory, that the image of the horizon is a singularity which can be understood as an interface between two different T-dual theories and their solutions. Using an embedding into type-II string theory, we show that the singularity occurs when scalars reach the boundary of moduli space, resulting in a breakdown of the effective field theory due to the presence of tensionless strings.
A Goldstone boson equivalence for inflation
Authors: Green Daniel , Gupta Kshitij , Huang Yiwen
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The effective field theory of single-field inflation characterizes the inflationary epoch in terms of a pattern of symmetry breaking. An operator acquires a time-dependent vacuum expectation value, defining a preferred spatial slicing. In the absence of dynamical gravity, the fluctuations around the time-dependent background are described by the Goldstone boson associated with this symmetry breaking process. With gravity, the Goldstone is eaten by the metric, becoming the scalar metric fluctuation. In this paper, we will show that in general single-field inflation, the statistics of scalar metric fluctuations are given by the statistics of this Goldstone boson decoupled from gravity up to corrections that are controlled as an expansion in slow-roll parameters. This even holds in the presence of additional parameters, like the speed of sound, that naively enhance the impact of the gravitational terms. In the process, we derive expressions for leading and sub-leading gravitational corrections to all-orders in the Goldstone boson.
Proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order model of the global oceans
Authors: Kitsios Vassili , Cordier Laurent , O’Kane Terence  J.
Published: September 2024

A reduced-order model (ROM) of the global oceans is developed by projecting the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations of motion onto a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) basis. Three-dimensional POD modes are calculated from the ocean fields of an ensemble climate reanalysis dataset. The coefficients in the POD ROM are calculated using a regression approach. The performance of various POD ROM configurations are assessed. Each configuration is derived from an alternate sea-water equation of state, linking the density and temperature fields. POD ROM variants incorporating an equation of state in which density is a quadratic function of temperature, are able to reproduce the statistics of the large-scale structures at a fraction of the computational cost required to numerically simulate this flow. Due to the speed and efficiency of calculation, such reduced-order models of the global geophysical system will enable researchers and policy makers to assess the physical risk for a broader range of potential future climate scenarios.
Sex-Specific Association of Clinical Parameters and Components of Femoral Bone Quality in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Alimy Assil-Ramin , Thiessen Maximilian Lenard , Strahl André , Boese Christoph Kolja , von Kroge Simon , Beil Frank Timo , Rolvien Tim , Ries Christian
Published: September 2024

Poor bone quality is a critical factor associated with an increased risk of complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, no consistent recommendations have yet been established for assessing indicators of bone quality preoperatively. Thus, it remains unclear which preoperatively available and readily accessible parameters are most closely associated with femoral bone quality. Here, we obtained femoral neck specimens from 50 patients undergoing THA. Preoperative Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, pelvic radiographs, and laboratory parameters were analyzed. In the obtained specimens, bone microstructure was assessed using micro-CT and histomorphometry. Additionally, matrix mineralization and osteocyte lacunar morphology were evaluated using quantitative backscattered electron imaging. Our analysis revealed that DXA-derived T-scores correlated with trabecular microstructure. Furthermore, radiographic indices and body mass index correlated differentially with aspects of bone quality in women and men. Contrary to previous observations, no correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and osteoid indices, nor between clinical parameters and matrix mineralization. Age was strongly associated with the number of mineralized osteocyte lacunae, a factor that appeared to be independent of sex. Taken together, our study demonstrates that no single preoperatively available parameter exhibits a strong and consistent association with femoral bone quality. However, DXA remains a reliable preoperative measure for determining the trabecular microstructure of the femoral neck. In clinical practice, surgeons should adopt an individualized approach to preoperative assessments by considering age, sex, BMI, and radiographic indices to enhance their insight into femoral bone quality, particularly when DXA is unavailable.