bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying enzyme activities under anaerobic germination in traditional rice landraces to identify donors for direct seeded rice cultivation
Authors:   Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, Vinitha A. , Vijayalakshmi D. , Raveendran M. , Ravichandran V. ,   Director of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
Published: October 2023

Climate change has increased environmental risks globally having an adverse effect on agriculture productivity. Among the abiotic stresses, anaerobic germination stress has been identified as a major stress for seed emergence, plant growth and food production. By understanding the manipulation of germination, antioxidant and fermentation enzymes, adaptations to anaerobic conditions can be improved. The ability of rice to emerge under oxygen deprivation is a determinant of anaerobic germination tolerance, critical for successful direct seeding. There is an urge to identify novel rice genotypes associated with better germination and higher enzymatic activities under anaerobic conditions in order to improve seedling establishment. In the present study, twenty-two rice genotypes were characterized for their anaerobic germination potential by assessing the activities of α- amylase, antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase and peroxidase, and fermentative enzyme viz., alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase under anoxic stress. α- amylase, catalase, peroxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activities showed a significant positive association with seed germination under anaerobic conditions. Higher expression of five enzymatic activities confirms anaerobic germination stress tolerance in rice genotypes. This study identiﬁed four tolerant genotypes namely Karuppukavuni, Kalanamak, CBMAS 14065, and Kodavilayan, and two moderately tolerant genotypes namely TKM13 and Anna R4 based on principal component analysis and correlation analysis.
Obligation, Rationality, and Right in Fichte’s Grundlage des Naturrechts
Authors: Pines Michael Sean ,   The Yale Philosophy Review
Published: October 2023

What happens to our notion of political obligation when right is divorced from moral considerations? When one says that an individual’s claim to her property is a right that ought not to be abridged, on what kind of nonmoral principle can one rely? According to Matthew Sean Pines, Fichte believes that he can ground such a normative prescription on a theory of natural right, deriving a set of strict political principles from a necessary metaphysical conception of a rational being. It is the main task of this paper to work through this difficult deduction, assess its validity, and discuss the general implications of its result. What is said here concerning Fichte’s specific proposal for an objective theory of natural—as opposed to moral—right bears broader significance for the fundamental problem of the nature and source of obligation in the political world.
In-vitro Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Melia azedarach and Solanum incanum Ethanolic Leaf Extracts Against the Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Obat Rose , Shiundu Meshack , Gikaru Robert , Bett Collins , Ouma Shadrack
Published: October 2023

The increasing challenges of adverse drug reactions, costly medicines, and antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of safe and effective antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol leaf extracts from Melia azedarach and Solanum incanum against Staphylococcus aureus, a clinically significant pathogen known for its resistance to conventional antibiotics. The research design employed was an experimental study with three concentrations of the plant extracts (1g/ml, 1.4g/ml, and 2g/ml) tested against Staphylococcus aureus, and the standard antimicrobial agent, ciprofloxacin, served as a positive control, while ethanol served as a solvent control. The samples were prepared, and the experiments were conducted in triplicate, following established protocols. The choice of Melia azedarach and Solanum incanum was scientifically justified based on their well-documented traditional medicinal uses and previous reports of antimicrobial activity. Ethical approval was obtained from the Kabarak University Research Ethics Committee (KUREC), and a research permit was obtained from the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI). The results demonstrated significant anti-staphylococcal activity for both extracts, with Melia azedarach exhibiting superior efficacy compared to Solanum incanum at all concentrations tested. Moreover, the combined extracts displayed enhanced antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus compared to the individual extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones in both extracts, with higher levels of steroidal glycosides in Solanum incanum. We recommend further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations to identify the active antimicrobial constituents in these plants. These findings hold promise in the development of novel therapeutic agents to combat infectious diseases, offering Melia azedarach and Solanum incanum as potential sources for drug development.
STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILTY FOR YIELD AND FIBRE QUALITY TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: M Divya  , N. SABITHA  , K. MOHAN VISHNUVARDHAN
Published: October 2023

Thirty genotypes of cotton were studied to estimate genetic variability, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance for 15 traits during kharif, 2022. Analysis of variance showed significant amount of variation among the genotypes for traits studied. PCV was greater than GCV for all the traits except days to 50% flowering. High PCV and GCV were recorded for number of monopodial branches, lint index, lint yield and ginning percentage. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of monopodial branches, plant height, seed cotton yield, lint index, lint yield, ginning percentage and micronaire indicating preponderance of additive gene action and hence simple selection would be effective for the improvement of these traits.
Technology Trends and Their Impact on the E-commerce Industry
Authors: Faraz Ahmed Wajidi  , Eruj Wajidi Rehan  , Mahwish Saeed  , Kamila Mariam Iftikhar  , Anosh Tahir
Published: October 2023

E-commerce allows people to buy and sell goods and services anytime and from anywhere they choose. Consumers are shifting from traditional retail toward online buying due to the reduced prices and faster response from online shopping firms/organizations. The study investigated the development of modern technology i.e. E-commerce which has changed the perceptions and buying behavior of customers. Online media is affected by the enormous amount of data that technology collects from consumer interactions with E-commerce platforms. They may register their preferences, giving them the power to manage product availability and validity while quickening the sale-purchase process. How customers see online payments and purchases has significantly changed as a result of technology use in daily life. The study used the quantitative approach to determine how the latest technology trends have impacted the E-commerce industry. The research instrument was online surveys since they are quick and convenient in collecting the responses. The dignity of the respondents was respected and informed permission was obtained from each participant. They were informed that participation was voluntary and that confidentially would be maintained. The chatbot, augmented reality, mobile shopping, online payments, and customer evaluations are the five factors under which the research examines the effects of technological advances. This study found a significant link between modern technology and purchases made through online stores. The findings also provide us with an understanding of how global economies work, how firms operate, and how customers shop around the globe. The supporting technologies of these trends e.g. chatbots, augmented reality, online payments, user reviews, and mobile shopping will certainly have a favorable effect on the E-commerce industry.
Food from Gyobang-Banque, Yeongnam
Authors:   Korean Society of Gyobang and Culture, Yang Ji Sean
Published: October 2023

Humans eat food every day to sustain life. In addition to these daily foods, there are foods that are eaten with special days. Among these special foods, there are cases where music, singing, and dancing are formal. Typically, there is a case of a lotus flower such as Jinyeon of the Joseon Dynasty. In the provinces, there was ‘Gyobang banque’, where the leader performed the song and dance of Gyobang in the government office and provided food. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of Gyobang Yeonhyang foods in Jinju, Busan, and Goseong, which were also popular in Yeongnam.
The forms of Gyobangyeonhyang in Yeongnam included a welcome banquet, elderly banquet, Baekiljang, shooting arrows banquet, and Tongsinsa banquet.
Jinju's Gyobang Yeonhyang foods included alcohol, naengmyeon, japchae, yeolgujatang, baekhaptang, braised stingray, steamed sea bream, braised chicken, seafood pancake, beef meat pancake, yugwak, rice cake, abalone kimchi, and bamboo shoots. Among the associated foods for Joseon Tongsinsa and Japanese envoys in Busan were rice cake, liquor, soup, jeon, yakbap, gangjeong, pyeonyuk, pork jeon, chicken stew, pheasant pancake, fish dumpling, abalone, and Seunggiaktang. Goseong's nursing-related foods included alcohol, noodles, rice cakes, wheat rice cakes, cooked meat, meat, jeon, sechae, kimchi, yugwa, raw fruit, red pepper paste, and honey.
The characteristic of Yeungnam Gyobang Yeonhyang food is that seafood is widely used as a dish that can be eaten with alcohol. Soup was a must for a few drinks served. Rice was not provided in Yeonhyang, and noodle dishes such as noodles and cold noodles were mainly served. Specialties in Yeongnam region were used by referring to the royal Yeonhyang table setting. For Gyobang Yeonhyang food, rituals and singing and dancing were essential, and at the end of the Yeonhyang, it was an art that expressed the impression of taste by making a poem.
Bolted joints in fire by the component-based finite element method
Authors: Der Batuhan , Wald František , Vild Martin , Kabeláč Jaroslav
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a study using the component-based finite element method (CBFEM) to analyse the behaviour bolted joints in fire. The model was verified and validated on analytical and experimental results at elevated temperature. In this work, the plates are modelled using shell elements and the bolt is represented by non-linear springs. The elements are analysed by geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA). Consequently, the method used in this work can give reasonable results to predict the behaviour of joints at elevated temperature.
The main directions of the digital economy in the context of administration and public administration
Authors: Mal'ginova Yuliya Nikolaevna
Published: October 2023

The article outlines the main directions of development of the digital economy in the context of public administration. The author reveals the essential directions of the digital economy in public administration, based on digitalization and digital transformation of management both in the legislation of the Russian Federation and administrative law. Particular attention is paid in the article to the administrative reform based on improving the efficiency of public authorities and minimizing managerial actions, taking into account digitalization and digital transformation. Further, the author reveals the directions of the digital economy devoted to administration, as the activities of the governing bodies and their officials, related to the implementation of management decisions and the introduction of digital technologies and new products into this activity. One of the well-known directions is the provision of state and municipal services by multifunctional centers, which is a convenient, effective and well-established way of consuming services and communication between the state and the citizen. However, the author notes that this leaves the question open for further study, and also draws attention to the need to ensure a high level of information and technical security and other measures in this area. Summing up, the importance and necessity of implementing the national program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation", which will allow building an information and digital society in Russia, is emphasized.
OpenApePose: a database of annotated ape photographs for pose estimation
Authors: Desai Nisarg , Bala Praneet , Richardson Rebecca , Raper Jessica , Zimmermann Jan , Hayden Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Because of their close relationship with humans, non-human apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons, including siamangs) are of great scientific interest. The goal of understanding their complex behavior would be greatly advanced by the ability to perform video-based pose tracking. Tracking, however, requires high-quality annotated datasets of ape photographs. Here we present
OpenApePose
, a new public dataset of 71,868 photographs, annotated with 16 body landmarks of six ape species in naturalistic contexts. We show that a standard deep net (HRNet-W48) trained on ape photos can reliably track out-of-sample ape photos better than networks trained on monkeys (specifically, the
OpenMonkeyPose
dataset) and on humans (
COCO
) can. This trained network can track apes almost as well as the other networks can track their respective taxa, and models trained without one of the six ape species can track the held-out species better than the monkey and human models can. Ultimately, the results of our analyses highlight the importance of large, specialized databases for animal tracking systems and confirm the utility of our new ape database.
Replisome loading reduces chromatin motion independent of DNA synthesis
Authors: Pabba Maruthi Kumar , Ritter Christian , Chagin Vadim O , Meyer Janis , Celikay Kerem , Stear Jeffrey H , Loerke Dinah , Kolobynina Ksenia , Prorok Paulina , Schmid Alice Kristin , Leonhardt Heinrich , Rohr Karl , Cardoso M Cristina
Published: October 2023

Chromatin has been shown to undergo diffusional motion, which is affected during gene transcription by RNA polymerase activity. However, the relationship between chromatin mobility and other genomic processes remains unclear. Hence, we set out to label the DNA directly in a sequence unbiased manner and followed labeled chromatin dynamics in interphase human cells expressing GFP-tagged proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell cycle marker and core component of the DNA replication machinery. We detected decreased chromatin mobility during the S-phase compared to G1 and G2 phases in tumor as well as normal diploid cells using automated particle tracking. To gain insight into the dynamical organization of the genome during DNA replication, we determined labeled chromatin domain sizes and analyzed their motion in replicating cells. By correlating chromatin mobility proximal to the active sites of DNA synthesis, we showed that chromatin motion was locally constrained at the sites of DNA replication. Furthermore, inhibiting DNA synthesis led to increased loading of DNA polymerases. This was accompanied by accumulation of the single-stranded DNA binding protein on the chromatin and activation of DNA helicases further restricting local chromatin motion. We, therefore, propose that it is the loading of replisomes but not their catalytic activity that reduces the dynamics of replicating chromatin segments in the S-phase as well as their accessibility and probability of interactions with other genomic regions.
Molecular tuning of sea anemone stinging
Authors: He Lily S , Qi Yujia , Allard Corey AH , Valencia-Montoya Wendy A , Krueger Stephanie P , Weir Keiko , Seminara Agnese , Bellono Nicholas W
Published: October 2023

Jellyfish and sea anemones fire single-use, venom-covered barbs to immobilize prey or predators. We previously showed that the anemone Nematostella vectensis uses a specialized voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channel to trigger stinging in response to synergistic prey-derived chemicals and touch (Weir et al., 2020). Here, we use experiments and theory to find that stinging behavior is suited to distinct ecological niches. We find that the burrowing anemone Nematostella uses uniquely strong CaV inactivation for precise control of predatory stinging. In contrast, the related anemone Exaiptasia diaphana inhabits exposed environments to support photosynthetic endosymbionts. Consistent with its niche, Exaiptasia indiscriminately stings for defense and expresses a CaV splice variant that confers weak inactivation. Chimeric analyses reveal that CaVβ subunit adaptations regulate inactivation, suggesting an evolutionary tuning mechanism for stinging behavior. These findings demonstrate how functional specialization of ion channel structure contributes to distinct organismal behavior.
Positive selection and relaxed purifying selection contribute to rapid evolution of male-biased genes in a dioecious flowering plant
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhou Wei , He Jun , Li De-Zhu , Li Hong-Tao
Published: October 2023

Sex-biased genes offer insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex-biased genes, especially those with male bias, show elevated evolutionary rates of protein sequences driven by positive selection and relaxed purifying selection in animals. Although rapid sequence evolution of sex-biased genes and evolutionary forces have been investigated in animals and brown algae, less is known about evolutionary forces in dioecious angiosperms. In this study, we separately compared the expression of sex-biased genes between female and male floral buds and between female and male flowers at anthesis in dioecious
Trichosanthes pilosa
(Cucurbitaceae). In floral buds, sex-biased gene expression was pervasive, and had significantly different roles in sexual dimorphism such as physiology. We observed higher rates of sequence evolution for male-biased genes in floral buds compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. Male-biased genes under positive selection were mainly associated with functions to abiotic stress and immune responses, suggesting that high evolutionary rates are driven by adaptive evolution. Additionally, relaxed purifying selection may contribute to accelerated evolution in male-biased genes generated by gene duplication. Our findings, for the first time in angiosperms, suggest evident rapid evolution of male-biased genes, advance our understanding of the patterns and forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants.
Smith-Magenis syndrome protein RAI1 regulates body weight homeostasis through hypothalamic BDNF-producing neurons and neurotrophin downstream signalling
Authors: Javed Sehrish , Chang Ya-Ting , Cho Yoobin , Lee Yu-Ju , Chang Hao-Cheng , Haque Minza , Lin Yu Cheng , Huang Wei-Hsiang
Published: October 2023

Retinoic acid-induced 1
(
RAI1
) haploinsufficiency causes Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a genetic disorder with symptoms including hyperphagia, hyperlipidemia, severe obesity, and autism phenotypes. RAI1 is a transcriptional regulator with a pan-neural expression pattern and hundreds of downstream targets. The mechanisms linking neural
Rai1
to body weight regulation remain unclear. Here we find that hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream signalling are disrupted in SMS (

Rai1
+/-

) mice. Selective
Rai1
loss from all BDNF-producing cells or from BDNF-producing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) induced obesity in mice. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that
Rai1
ablation decreased the intrinsic excitability of PVH
BDNF
neurons. Chronic treatment of SMS mice with LM22A-4 engages neurotrophin downstream signalling and delayed obesity onset. This treatment also partially rescued disrupted lipid profiles, insulin intolerance, and stereotypical repetitive behaviour in SMS mice. These data argue that RAI1 regulates body weight and metabolic function through hypothalamic BDNF-producing neurons and that targeting neurotrophin downstream signalling might improve associated SMS phenotypes.
Dynamic modes of Notch transcription hubs conferring memory and stochastic activation revealed by live imaging the co-activator Mastermind
Authors: DeHaro-Arbona F Javier , Roussos Charalambos , Baloul Sarah , Townson Jonathan , Gómez Lamarca María J , Bray Sarah
Published: October 2023

Developmental programming involves the accurate conversion of signalling levels and dynamics to transcriptional outputs. The transcriptional relay in the Notch pathway relies on nuclear complexes containing the co-activator Mastermind (Mam). By tracking these complexes in real time, we reveal that they promote the formation of a dynamic transcription hub in Notch ON nuclei which concentrates key factors including the Mediator CDK module. The composition of the hub is labile and persists after Notch withdrawal conferring a memory that enables rapid reformation. Surprisingly, only a third of Notch ON hubs progress to a state with nascent transcription, which correlates with polymerase II and core Mediator recruitment. This probability is increased by a second signal. The discovery that target-gene transcription is probabilistic has far-reaching implications because it implies that stochastic differences in Notch pathway output can arise downstream of receptor activation.
Dynamic modes of Notch transcription hubs conferring memory and stochastic activation revealed by live imaging the co-activator Mastermind
Authors: deHaro-Arbona F Javier , Roussos Charalambos , Baloul Sarah , Townson Jonathan , Gomez-Lamarca Maria J. , Bray Sarah
Published: October 2023

Developmental programming involves the accurate conversion of signaling levels and dynamics to transcriptional outputs. The transcriptional relay in the Notch pathway relies on nuclear complexes containing the coactivator Mastermind (Mam). By tracking these complexes in real time, we reveal that they promote formation of a dynamic transcription hub in Notch-ON nuclei which concentrates key factors including Mediator CDK module. The composition of the hub is labile and persists after Notch withdrawal conferring a memory that enables rapid reformation. Surprisingly, only a third of Notch-ON hubs progress to a state with nascent transcription, that correlates with Polymerase II and core Mediator recruitment. The probability is increased by a second signal. The discovery that target-gene transcription is probabilistic has far-reaching implications because it implies that stochastic differences in Notch pathway output can arise downstream of receptor activation.
Evaluation of Behavioral Characteristics of the Fire Resistant Paint by Exposure Temperature
Authors: Kang Hyun , Kim Heung Youl , Kweon Oh Sang
Published: October 2023

In Korea, industrial complexes for manufacturing and producing various products have been established in the region. Owing to their rapid development and ease of management, most industrial complexes are composed of steel-structured buildings, and only few buildings are reinforced concrete structures. Steel-structure buildings are generally known to have relatively low fire resistance depending on their material characteristics, which necessitates additional fire resistance reinforcement procedures to ensure structural safety. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the behavioral characteristics according to the exposure temperature of intumescent paint, which is a fire-resistant reinforcement material applied in various steel structures (including industrial complexes), to use it as a database for the diagnostic evaluation of fire-damaged steel structures.
Cuantificación del progreso del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6 en Chile: un enfoque holístico y local
Authors:   , Madrazo Ortega Daniela Ivannova
Published: October 2023

La implementación de la Agenda 2030 en Chile no ha sido medida de forma integral principalmente por la falta de la información necesaria para cuantificar los indicadores de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). En particular, para el ODS 6, que es de especial importancia en un país que enfrenta una crisis hídrica, solo se ha medido parcialmente el cumplimiento de este con énfasis en las metas asociadas al suministro de agua potable, servicios de saneamiento y estrés hídrico. Por esto, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar de forma cuantitativa y holística el cumplimiento del ODS 6 en Chile, incorporando todas las metas que considera este objetivo. Para ello, se propone un acercamiento al problema de tres etapas: análisis crítico de los indicadores del ODS 6 usando los criterios SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound), propuesta de indicadores locales o de metodologías para la medición de los originales, y por último cálculo de un índice compuesto como una medida sintética que refleje el progreso del ODS 6. Los resultados arrojan que en Chile no se ha alcanzado ninguna de las metas del ODS 6 y que su principal debilidad es la falta de implementación de la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos, la falta de acuerdos transfronterizos en materia hídrica y la falta de participación comunitaria en las decisiones asociadas a la gestión hídrica. Por el contrario, el país ha alcanzado niveles cercanos a las metas asociadas al suministro de agua potable y saneamiento. Esta investigación provee de un grupo de indicadores locales específicos para Chile, siguiendo los lineamientos de la ONU y de estudios previos, que pueden ser medidos de forma pragmática y económica.
BERT for scientific articles recommendations using open source information
Authors:   , Barías Compagnoni Bernardo
Published: October 2023

En los últimos años, los modelos de lenguaje han experimentado grandes avances en el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (NLP). En concreto, el pre-entrenamiento y el desarrollo de modelos como BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) y sus derivados se han convertido en el estado del arte para muchas tareas de comprensión del lenguaje. Un campo de investigación interesante que utiliza modelos lingüísticos de PNL es el que estudia la similitud entre textos (Shahmirzadi et al., 2019; Wang & Dong, 2020). Estos textos pueden ser desde grandes documentos o párrafos, hasta oraciones o frases cortas. Gran parte de la dificultad de este problema radica en que los textos, en general, no están bien estructurados. Se han utilizado distintas técnicas para tratar de entender el contexto de los textos y comprender así la semántica de los documentos. Naturalmente, si los textos son mas largos, esto se convierte en una tarea más difícil. Dentro del estudio de la similitud entre textos, recientemente se ha intentado estudiar la relación entre pares de artículos científicos (Knoth et al., 2010, 2017; Tarnavsky et al., 2021). Al comparar artículos científicos, aprovechamos que el documento está dividido en distintas partes, como el título, el resumen, las conclusiones y otras áreas. Aunque siguen siendo datos no estructurados, dan cierta estructura al texto de entrada. Esta propiedad también nos permite trabajar con fragmentos de texto mas pequeños y, por tanto, comprender mejor el contexto. En este trabajo utilizamos BERT para proponer un pipeline que, dada una publicación, entregue publicaciones relacionadas: artículos científicos que puedan ser de interés para el lector. Para ello, abordamos dos problemas de NLP aplicados a artículos científicos: la clasificación de textos y la similitud entre pares de textos. Las etiquetas para los conjuntos de datos de estos problemas proceden de información jerárquica estructurada provista por los autores. Además, utilizamos la versión base de BERT para comprender el significado semántico de las publicaciones utilizando únicamente la información del resumen y el título, mediante la construcción de modelos para cada tarea. Estos modelos fueron evaluados en términos de precisión, recall y puntuación F1.
Agendamiento de pacientes de quimioterapia: Optimización de reglas de Decisión
Authors:   , Barriga Vuylsteke Sebastián Andrés
Published: October 2023

El cáncer es una enfermedad que anualmente mata a millones de personas. El número de pacientes que la padecen se encuentra en crecimiento sostenido, con particular riesgo en los países más desarrollados (Fondo de Investigación Mundial de Cáncer, 2021). Para su tratamiento, una de las técnicas médicas tradicionales es la quimioterapia, la que consta de infusiones de drogas específicas durante distintos ciclos, los cuales definen los protocolos de atención del tratamiento. El agendamiento de pacientes de quimioterapia presenta una alta dificultad matemática y computacional, además de la necesidad de poder ser implementable de forma sencilla. El problema se puede separar en dos: planificación inter-día y agendamiento intra-día. En esta investigación se aborda el último mediante análisis de reglas básicas de decisión, y se pone a prueba su rendimiento con técnicas de optimización y simulación conjuntas. Se utilizaron datos agregados de un centro de cáncer de Chile, y mediante ellos se generaron casos de estudio representativos para validar las distintas reglas y técnicas utilizadas. En particular, se comprobó el buen rendimiento que presenta la regla de asignar a todos los pacientes en base a su tiempo esperado de atención, por sobre asumir casos pesimistas u optimistas según sus distintos tipos de cáncer. Además, sumando técnicas de penalización, prohibición y el uso de ciertos resguardos conservadores, se logró generar mejores reglas de decisión. Estas, si bien en su naturaleza continúan siendo simples y por ende fáciles de implementar, presentan mejoras por sobre la regla básica de agendar utilizando los tiempos esperados de atención de cada cáncer. El principal aporte de esta investigación radica en una propuesta metodológica de optimización y simulación, la que es aplicable tanto en problemas de agendamiento, en particular de quimioterapia, pero también potencialmente en otras áreas o industrias.
Comparing Corrosion Damage Level and Corrosion Current in Acceleration Corrosion Testing under Corrosive Environment
Authors: Heo Chang-Jae , Ha Min-Gyun , Park Chanhyun , Ahn Jin-Hee
Published: October 2023

This study conducted an acceleration corrosion test based on ASTM G85-19 standards to evaluate the durability of both steel and paint-coating. The objective was to assess the relative corrosive deterioration based on variations in the corrosive environment. In the ASTM G85-19 test method, we systematically altered the concentration of chloride and (NH4)2SO4 to simulate different corrosive environmental conditions. The mean corrosion depth of the steel specimens was determined by quantifying weight throughout the acceleration cycle. Additionally, we measured the corrosion current output using the ACM sensor to validate the corrosive environmental condition corresponding to different acceleration cycle scenarios. Analysis of the results from the acceleration corrosion test revealed significant variations. The mean corrosion depth exhibited a range of 1.1 to 2.7-fold change, while the corrosion current showed fluctuations ranging from 1.2 to 5.7 times, contingent upon the conditions of the acceleration test, including the quantities of chloride and (NH4)2SO4 present.
Study on Estimation of Typhoon Damage Thresholds in Coastal Region
Authors: Kim Taegyun
Published: October 2023

Typhoon damage in coastal areas is a complex disaster characterized by heavy rain, strong winds, and turbulent waves. The strength of these strong winds and waves is determined by the intensity of the typhoon. In this study, a variable representing strong winds and waves was developed. A damage prediction model using rainfall, wind, and the developed variable was then proposed and thresholds for each variable were calculated across cities, counties, and districts located in coastal areas. Two damage prediction models were compared based on variables. Standard normal variables related to strong winds and rainfall by duration were calculated using Empirical Copula. The first logistic regression model was constructed using these variables. The second model used a multiple logistic regression model, considering strong winds and rainfall by duration. Although there are more cities, counties, and districts where the multiple logistic regression model exhibited better accuracy, there have been several instances where the typhoon damage induction threshold suggested by this model was abnormal. On the other hand, a relatively stable critical value was yielded using standard normal variables by Empirical Copula. This is because standard normal variables are calculated based on the probability according to the order of rainfall and strong wind magnitude. Hence, the critical value falls within the minimum and maximum range of observed values. According to the research results, it is possible to predict whether typhoon damage will occur in cities, counties, and districts located in coastal areas using the typhoon information provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration during a typhoon event, which can aid in preparing for typhoon disasters.
Simulation of Dam Collapse Caused by Earthquakes
Authors: Kim Hayong , Jo Moonsu , Joo Jingul
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of earthquakes on the Korean Peninsula has been increasing in recent years. However, current emergency action plans for dam and reservoir failures only consider scenarios related to flooding but ignore dam collapses caused by earthquakes. In this study, we simulated dam collapses caused by earthquakes. We focused on the Chungju Dam watershed located in the upper reaches of the Namhan River and analyzed the dam collapse and downstream impacts using the DAMBRK model. We compared the downstream impacts of dam collapse caused by earthquakes with those caused by the PMF. When the dam collapsed because of an earthquake, the estimated peak flood discharge downstream was 44.9%-86.7% of that of the PMF scenario. Similarly, the simulated peak water level downstream when the dam collapsed due to an earthquake was 64.4%-96.9% of that of the PMF scenario. These results indicate that dam collapses caused by seismic events, even in the absence of rainfall, can lead to significant damage downstream. Therefore, future emergency action plans for dams should consider the potential for dam failures caused by earthquakes.
A Case Study on Simulation of Urban Inundation by Inland Flooding and River Flooding
Authors: Lee Sangho , Kang Taeuk , Jin Yongkyu , Hwang Donggyu
Published: October 2023

Urban flooding can occur due to a combination of factors such as insufficient drainage capacity in stormwater systems, inland flooding from elevated river levels, and river flooding. This study proposes a method for analyzing urban inundation resulting from these complex phenomena using XP-SWMM. This is essentially a model capable of calculating the flow of drainage systems in urban watersheds and analyzing surface inundation. Moreover, it can accommodate irregular channel cross-sections and bridges, enabling river flooding modeling. However, it has limitations in terms of replicating the actual flooding patterns of rivers due to its representation of rivers through one-dimensional links and nodes. This study implemented virtual control structures to reflect the flooding effects caused by river flooding. This approach was applied to the Dongcheon watershed in Busan, where two instances of river and inland flooding coincided in July 2020. The results indicated the appropriateness of the approach.
Short-term Prediction of Urban Inundation based on Radar-predicted Rainfall through Real-time SWMM Parameter Calibration
Authors: Lee Woojin , Park Gyujin , Choi Jongwon , Jun Hwandon
Published: October 2023

In recent times, the rapid pace of climate change has been causing urban inundation in areas where drainage of inland water is difficult. In response to this concern, studies that use SWMM are being actively conducted to predict urban inundation. However, the parameters applied to SWMM use historical values, resulting in suboptimal accuracy in predictions. Therefore, this study employed the genetic algorithm, among various optimization techniques, to bolster the accuracy of rainfall-runoff analysis of the SWMM model. This was achieved by linking ASOS data and real-time ground-observation rainfall to real-time water gauge data. Consequently, the water level could now be predicted by applying radar predicted rainfall at 10-minute intervals to the completed SWMM module. The required time for prediction of urban inundation was about 2 minutes. This timeframe proved highly practical when the radar rainfall data was entered into the SWMM module at 10-minute intervals. The water level predictions, when applied to the four rainfall scenarios, also aligned within a reasonable range.
The Genetic Information Privacy Act
Authors: Prince Anya E. R.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses proposed and enacted state legislation to protect genetic privacy for those participating in direct-to-consumer genetic testing and ensuring genetic antidiscrimination for life, health, long-term care, and disability insurance.
Structural insights into the inhibitory mechanism of angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme by the lactotripeptides IPP and VPP
Authors: Gregory Kyle S. , Cozier Gyles E. , Schwager Sylva L. U. , Sturrock Edward D. , Acharya K. Ravi
Published: October 2023

Human somatic angiotensin‐1‐converting enzyme (sACE) is composed of a catalytic N‐(nACE) and C‐domain (cACE) of similar size with different substrate specificities. It is involved in the regulation of blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and has been a major focus in the development of therapeutics for hypertension. Bioactive peptides from various sources, including milk, have been identified as natural ACE inhibitors. We report the structural basis for the role of two lacototripeptides, Val‐Pro‐Pro and Ile‐Pro‐Pro, in domain‐specific inhibition of ACE using X‐ray crystallography and kinetic analysis. The lactotripeptides have preference for nACE due to altered polar interactions distal to the catalytic zinc ion. Elucidating the mechanism of binding and domain selectivity of these peptides also provides important insights into the functional roles of ACE.
Nanofiber‐Interlocked V2CTx Hosts Enriched with 3D Lithiophilic and Sulfophilic Sites for Long‐Life and High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jin Qi , Zhang LiRong , Zhao MingLi , Li Lu , Yu XianBo , Xiao JunPeng , Kong Long , Zhang XiTian
Published: October 2023

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) currently face challenges including lithium polysulfide shuttling, sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, severe lithium dendrite growth, and volume change. Herein, an advanced dual‐functional host is designed by embedding 3D N‐doped carbon fibers with abundant 2D V2CTx nanosheets (N/CF@V2CTx). The N‐doped carbon fibers act as “thread” to connect the V2CTx nanosheets and form a unique open 3D macroporous structure. This structure effectively prevents the restacking of the V2CTx nanosheets and exposes their lithiophilic and sulfurophilic sites. Consequently, the N/CF@V2CTx host effectively suppresses the shuttling of LiPSs and improves the cathodic kinetics. Furthermore, the 3D‐ordered porous skeleton integrated with abundant lithophilic sites enables uniform Li deposition and homogeneous Li‐ion flux, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth and mitigating volume expansion. The as‐assembled LSBs exhibit excellent rate capability (640 mAh g−1 at 15 C) and outstanding cycling stability (0.019% capacity decay per cycle throughout 1200 cycles at 1 C). Moreover, the pouch cell assembled with the N/CF@V2CTx host demonstrates a high energy density of 350 Wh kg−1 and good cycling stability. This research presents a promising approach to address the challenges of both the sulfur cathode and the lithium anode comprehensively and effectively in working LSBs.
Chemical Prelithiation/Presodiation Strategies Toward Controllable and Scalable Synthesis of Microsized Nanoporous Tin at Room Temperature for High‐Energy Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Hengtao , An Yongling , Man Quanyan , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Xinlu , Ni Zhiwei , Dai Yumeng , Dong Mutian , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui
Published: October 2023

Porous Sn (PSn) has aroused extensive attention as an advanced anode for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and small volume expansion. However, as a low‐melt metal, the preparation of PSn at room temperature is a difficult problem. Herein, universal chemical prelithiation/presodiation strategies are reported to rapidly synthesize PSn from commercial Sn powders at ambient temperature. The recyclable pre‐metallation solvents are selected by redox potential analysis to react with Sn to form alloy precursors in a short time. Benefiting from the application of delithiation/desodiation agents with suitable proton concentrations, PSn perfectly inherits the Sn skeleton from precursors. With this method, porous Al, Pb, Bi, and Sb are successfully produced. Finally, the half‐cell with PSn anode prepared by presodiation strategy achieves a great rate property (663 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and prominent cycling performance with 71% capacity retention after 7500 cycles (502 mAh g−1) at 5 A g−1. This work may contribute to the controllable synthesis of other porous metals at room temperature.
Monolithic Spiral Metalens for Ultrahigh‐Capacity and Single‐Shot Sorting of Full Angular Momentum State
Authors: Li Xiaoyin , Chen Cong , Guo Yinghui , He Qiong , Zhang Runzhe , Pu Mingbo , Chen Xiaohu , Jin Xin , Li Hui , Luo Xiangang
Published: October 2023

Sorting orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) of photons is crucial for optical communications, optical storage, and quantum information processing, wherein complicated optical setups or bulky devices are conventionally utilized to determine the angular momentum via repetitive interference or diffractive projection measurements. Recently, advancements in compact and single‐shot OAM detection have been made via coordinate transformation metasurfaces. Nevertheless, most of these strategies require precise separation and alignment between multiple components and cannot simultaneously distinguish full angular momentum states. Besides, the single‐shot maximum identifiable OAM mode numbers are generally limited to 60 due to the tradeoff between the mode space and reduced‐cross‐talk mode interval. Here, this work puts forward and experimentally demonstrates a monolithic spiral metalens (SML) for ultrahigh‐capacity sorting full angular momentum states. The SML focus the incident vortex beam into multiple‐turn spiral ring rather than a circle ring on the focal plane according to its topological charge, with the mode order ranging from −250 to 250. Consequently, the maximum identifiable OAM mode number is up to 168 under a single‐shot measurement, which largely surpass the best results reported hitherto. The experimental results obtained in the telecom band underpin the design approach, which may find great potential in high‐capacity communication and storage applications.
Discovering Process Dynamics for Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Authors: Klein Lukas , Ziegler Sebastian , Laufer Felix , Debus Charlotte , Götz Markus , Maier‐Hein Klaus , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Isensee Fabian , Jäger Paul F.
Published: October 2023

Large‐area processing of perovskite semiconductor thin‐films is complex and evokes unexplained variance in quality, posing a major hurdle for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Advances in scalable fabrication processes are currently limited to gradual and arbitrary trial‐and‐error procedures. While the in situ acquisition of photoluminescence (PL) videos has the potential to reveal important variations in the thin‐film formation process, the high dimensionality of the data quickly surpasses the limits of human analysis. In response, this study leverages deep learning (DL) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to discover relationships between sensor information acquired during the perovskite thin‐film formation process and the resulting solar cell performance indicators, while rendering these relationships humanly understandable. The study further shows how gained insights can be distilled into actionable recommendations for perovskite thin‐film processing, advancing toward industrial‐scale solar cell manufacturing. This study demonstrates that XAI methods will play a critical role in accelerating energy materials science.
Straightforward Design Strategy toward 3D Near‐Net‐Shape Stoichiometric SiC Parts
Authors: Cheype Maxime , Pateloup Vincent , Bernard Samuel
Published: October 2023

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), traditionally reserved for thermoplastics, is modified here with a granule‐based extrusion head to be extended to advanced nonoxide ceramics via a straightforward design strategy that considers the shaping opportunities and the chemical richness offered by preceramic polymers. Specifically, 3D near‐net‐shape stoichiometric silicon carbide (SiC) objects are designed by manipulating the key features of a commercially available polycarbosilane (fusibility, high carbon content, relatively high SiC yield). In the early stage of the process, the carbon‐rich polycarbosilane is first mixed with Si and SiC fillers and then thermolyzed at 120 °C to increase polymer branching while offering tailored rheological properties during the subsequent extrusion process at 90 °C and adequate shape retention once extruded. This allows for the design of tailored and complex 3D complex polycarbosilane‐based architectures with features down to 400 µm. Polymer‐based parts are further converted into 3D stoichiometric SiC objects with quasi‐near‐net‐shape—a volume shrinkage reduced to 9.1% is measured—by heat treatment at a temperature as low as 1400 °C (argon flow). Given the flexibility to tune the preceramic polymer chemical and rheological properties, a new combined design approach is leveraged to generate bespoke advanced ceramics with a high freedom in geometry complexity.
Core–Shell Design of Metastable Phase Catalyst Enables Highly‐Performance Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Su Jiaqi , Ji Yujin , Geng Shize , Li Lamei , Liu Da , Yu Hao , Song Beibei , Li Youyong , Pao Chih‐Wen , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoqing , Lu Jianmei , Shao Qi
Published: October 2023

Highly selective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is a highly important reaction for catalytic industry. Developing non‐noble metal based catalysts with platinum group metal‐like activity and selectivity is extremely crucial yet challenging. Metastable phase catalysts provide a potential candidate to realize high activity, yet the control of selectivity remains an open question. Here, this work first reports a metastable phase core–shell: face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase Ag (10 at%) core‐metastable hexagonal closest packed (hcp) phase Ni (90 at%) shell catalyst, which represents high conversion rate, high selectivity, and remarkable universality for the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene and its derivatives. More impressively, a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 8241.8 h−1 is achieved, much higher than those of stable phase catalysts and reported platinum group metal based catalysts. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the surface of hcp Ni becomes more oxidized due to electron transfer from hcp Ni shell to fcc Ag core, which decreases the adsorption capacity of styrene on the metastable phase Ni surface, thus preventing full hydrogenation. This work has gained crucial research significance for the design of high performance metastable phase catalysts.