bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking elemental changes in an ischemic stroke model with X-ray fluorescence imaging
Authors: Pushie M. J. , Sylvain N. J. , Hou H. , Caine S. , Hackett M. J. , Kelly M. E.
Published: October 2020

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in adults and a leading cause of death in developed nations. The cascade of cellular events and signalling that occur after cerebral ischemia are complex, however, analyzing global element markers of metabolic state affords the means to monitor stroke severity, status of injury, and recovery. These markers provide a multi-parameter method for assessing changes through the post-stroke time course. We employ synchrotron-based elemental mapping to follow elemental changes in the brain at 1 h, 1-, 2-, and 3-days, and at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-weeks post-stroke in a photothrombotic stroke model in mice. Our analysis reveals a highly consistent metabolic penumbra that can be readily identified based on the level of dysregulated potassium and other key elements. Maps of elemental distributions are also useful to demarcate events in the cellular response to the inflammatory cascade, including ion dysregulation, recruitment of cells to the lesion, and glial scar formation.
Subtle executive deficits are associated with higher brain amyloid burden and lower cortical volume in subjective cognitive decline: the FACEHBI cohort
Authors: Pérez-Cordón Alba , Monté-Rubio Gemma , Sanabria Angela , Rodriguez-Gomez Octavio , Valero Sergi , Abdelnour Carla , Marquié Marta , Espinosa Ana , Ortega Gemma , Hernandez Isabel , Rosende-Roca Maitee , Vargas Liliana , Mauleón Ana , Gil Silvia , Tartari Juan Pablo , Lomeña Francisco , Campos Francisco , Vivas Assumpta , Gomez-Chiari Marta , Benaque Alba , Ruiz Agustin , Tárraga Luis , Boada Mercè , Alegret Montserrat ,   FACEHBI Group, Aguilera N. , Berthier M. , Buendia M. , Bullich S. , Cañabate P. , Cuevas C. , de Rojas I. , Gailhajenet A. , Diego S. , Giménez J. , Gismondi R. , Guitart M. , Ibarria M. , Lafuente A. , Martín E. , Martínez J. , Moreno M. , Moreno-Grau S. , Núñez L. , Orellana A. , Páez A. , Pancho A. , Pavía J. , Pelejà E. , Pérez-Grijalba V. , Pesini P. , Preckler S. , Romero J. , Montrreal L. , Sarasa M. , Sotolongo-Grau O. , Tejero M. A. , Torres M.
Published: October 2020

To determine whether lower performance on executive function tests in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) individuals are associated with higher levels of brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and regional volumetric reduction in areas of interest for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). 195 individuals with SCD from the FACEHBI study were assessed with a neuropsychological battery that included the following nine executive function tests: Trail Making Test A and B (TMTA, TMTB), the Rule Shift Cards subtest of BADS, the Automatic Inhibition subtest of the Syndrom Kurz Test (AI-SKT), Digit Span Backwards and Similarities from WAIS-III, and the letter, semantic, and verb fluency tests. All subjects underwent an 18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (FBB-PET) scan to measure global standard uptake value ratio (SUVR), and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, was carried out to explore the association between global SUVR and performance on executive tests. Then, on those tests significantly associated with amyloid burden, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was carried out to explore their correlates with grey matter volume. Multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Aβ deposition and performance on one of the executive tests (the AI-SKT). Moreover, VBM analysis showed worse AI-SKT scores were related to lower volume in bilateral hippocampus and left inferior frontal regions. In conclusion, in SCD individuals, worse automatic inhibition ability has been found related to higher cerebral Aβ deposition and lower volume in the hippocampus and frontal regions. Thus, our results may contribute to the early detection of AD in individuals with SCD.
Influence of low back pain and its remission on motor abundance in a low-load lifting task
Authors: Liew Bernard X. W. , De Nunzio Alessandro Marco , Srivastava Shraddha , Falla Deborah
Published: October 2020

Having an abundance of motor solutions during movement may be advantageous for the health of musculoskeletal tissues, given greater load distribution between tissues. The aim of the present study was to understand whether motor abundance differs between people with and without low back pain (LBP) during a low-load lifting task. Motion capture with electromyography (EMG) assessment of 15 muscles was performed on 48 participants [healthy control (con) = 16, remission LBP (rLBP) = 16, current LBP (cLBP) = 16], during lifting. Non-negative matrix factorization and uncontrolled manifold analysis were performed to decompose inter-repetition variability in the temporal activity of muscle modes into goal equivalent (GEV) and non-goal equivalent (NGEV) variabilities in the control of the pelvis and trunk linear displacements. Motor abundance occurs when the ratio of GEV to NGEV exceeds zero. There were significant group differences in the temporal activity of muscle modes, such that both cLBP and rLBP individuals demonstrated greater activity of muscle modes that reflected lumbopelvic coactivation during the lifting phase compared to controls. For motor abundance, there were no significant differences between groups. Individuals with LBP, including those in remission, had similar overall motor abundance, but use different activation profiles of muscle modes than asymptomatic people during lifting.
The tree of life of polyamine oxidases
Authors: Salvi Daniele , Tavladoraki Paraskevi
Published: October 2020

Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are characterized by a broad variability in catalytic properties and subcellular localization, and impact key cellular processes in diverse organisms. In the present study, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis was performed to understand the evolution of PAOs across the three domains of life and particularly within eukaryotes. Phylogenetic trees show that PAO-like sequences of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes form three distinct clades, with the exception of a few procaryotes that probably acquired a PAO gene through horizontal transfer from a eukaryotic donor. Results strongly support a common origin for archaeal PAO-like proteins and eukaryotic PAOs, as well as a shared origin between PAOs and monoamine oxidases. Within eukaryotes, four main lineages were identified that likely originated from an ancestral eukaryotic PAO before the split of the main superphyla, followed by specific gene losses in each superphylum. Plant PAOs show the highest diversity within eukaryotes and belong to three distinct clades that underwent to multiple events of gene duplication and gene loss. Peptide deletion along the evolution of plant PAOs of Clade I accounted for further diversification of function and subcellular localization. This study provides a reference for future structure–function studies and emphasizes the importance of extending comparisons among PAO subfamilies across multiple eukaryotic superphyla.
Identifying indoor radon sources in Pa Miang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Thumvijit Tarika , Chanyotha Supitcha , Sriburee Sompong , Hongsriti Pongsiri , Tapanya Monruedee , Kranrod Chutima , Tokonami Shinji
Published: October 2020

Radon is the leading source of lung cancer mortality after smoking in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Finding a source of carcinogens is one of the important measures for preventing the cancer risk for this region. Specific sites at Pa Miang, Doi Saket have the highest incidences of lung cancer and have a combination of factors that influence indoor radon concentration. Our study identified the sources of indoor radon within several houses. The results indicate that geological and topographic characteristics, including active faults and mountain terraces, are the main sources of indoor radon, especially for wooden houses. Besides building materials, the design of the houses, ventilation conditions, and lifestyle choices are all factors influencing indoor radon concentrations and its associated risk. Although radon levels (29–101 Bq m−3) and total indoor annual effective doses (0.9–3.8 mSv year−1) received from all sources at these sites have shown no significant health risk due to radon exposure , this investigation will be useful as a starting point to guide strategies to respond and prevent the risk of lung cancer, especially in Chiang Mai.
Synthesis of an acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase inhibitor to study fatty acid recycling
Authors: Currie Madeline F. , Persaud Dylan M. , Rana Niralee K. , Platt Amanda J. , Beld Joris , Jaremko Kara L.
Published: October 2020

Fatty acids are essential to most organisms and are made endogenously by the fatty acid synthase (FAS). FAS is an attractive target for antibiotics and many inhibitors are in clinical development. However, some gram-negative bacteria harbor an enzyme known as the acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase (AasS), which allows them to scavenge fatty acids from the environment and shuttle them into FAS and ultimately lipids. The ability of AasS to recycle fatty acids may help pathogenic gram-negative bacteria circumvent FAS inhibition. We therefore set out to design and synthesize an inhibitor of AasS and test its effectiveness on an AasS enzyme fromVibrio harveyi, the most well studied AasS to date, and fromVibrio cholerae, a pathogenic model. The inhibitor C10-AMS [5′-O-(N-decanylsulfamoyl)adenosine], which mimics the tightly bound acyl-AMP reaction intermediate, was able to effectively inhibit AasS catalytic activity in vitro. Additionally, C10-AMS stopped the ability ofVibrio choleraeto recycle fatty acids from media and survive when its endogenous FAS was inhibited with cerulenin. C10-AMS can be used to study fatty acid recycling in other bacteria as more AasS enzymes continue to be annotated and provides a platform for potential antibiotic development.
On the robustness of the hybrid qubit computational gates through simulated randomized benchmarking protocols
Authors: Ferraro Elena , De Michielis Marco
Published: October 2020

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random quantum gates are applied to the qubit under test to derive statistical characteristics about the affecting noises. A scalable and robust algorithm able to benchmark the full set of Clifford gates using randomization techniques is called randomized benchmarking. In this study, we simulated randomized benchmarking protocols in a semiconducting all-electrical three-electron double-quantum dot qubit, i.e. hybrid qubit, under different error models, that include quasi-static Gaussian and the more realistic 1/f noise model, for the input controls. The average error of specific quantum computational gates is extracted through interleaved randomized benchmarking obtained including Clifford gates between the gate of interest. It provides an estimate of the fidelity as well as theoretical bounds for the average error of the gate under test.
Author Correction: Rules for the Leg Coordination of Dung Beetle Ball Rolling Behaviour
Authors: Leung Binggwong , Bijma Nienke , Baird Emily , Dacke Marie , Gorb Stanislav , Manoonpong Poramate
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Decrease of renal resistance during hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion is associated with early allograft function in extended criteria donation kidney transplantation
Authors: Meister Franziska A. , Czigany Zoltan , Rietzler Katharina , Miller Hannah , Reichelt Sophie , Liu Wen-Jia , Boecker Joerg , Moeller Marcus J. , Tolba Rene H. , Hamesch Karim , Strnad Pavel , Boor Peter , Stoppe Christian , Neumann Ulf P. , Lurje Georg
Published: October 2020

Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) was recently tested in preclinical trials in kidney transplantation (KT). Here we investigate the effects of HOPE on extended-criteria-donation (ECD) kidney allografts (KA). Fifteen ECD-KA were submitted to 152 ± 92 min of end-ischemic HOPE and were compared to a matched group undergoing conventional-cold-storage (CCS) KT (n = 30). Primary (delayed graft function-DGF) and secondary (e.g. postoperative complications, perfusion parameters) endpoints were analyzed within 6-months follow-up. There was no difference in the development of DGF between the HOPE and CCS groups (53% vs. 33%, respectively; p = 0.197). Serum urea was lower following HOPE compared to CCS (p = 0.003), whereas the CCS group displayed lower serum creatinine and higher eGFR rates on postoperative days (POD) 7 and 14. The relative decrease of renal vascular resistance (RR) following HOPE showed a significant inverse association with serum creatinine on POD1 (r = − 0.682; p = 0.006) as well as with serum urea and eGFR. Besides, the relative RR decrease was more prominent in KA with primary function when compared to KA with DGF (p = 0.013). Here we provide clinical evidence on HOPE in ECD-KT after brain death donation. Relative RR may be a useful predictive marker for KA function. Further validation in randomized controlled trials is warranted.

Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03378817, Date of first registration: 20/12/2017).
Blood pressure measurements with the OptiBP smartphone app validated against reference auscultatory measurements
Authors: Schoettker Patrick , Degott Jean , Hofmann Gregory , Proença Martin , Bonnier Guillaume , Lemkaddem Alia , Lemay Mathieu , Schorer Raoul , Christen Urvan , Knebel Jean-François , Wuerzner Arlene , Burnier Michel , Wuerzner Gregoire
Published: October 2020

Mobile health diagnostics have been shown to be effective and scalable for chronic disease detection and management. By maximizing the smartphones’ optics and computational power, they could allow assessment of physiological information from the morphology of pulse waves and thus estimate cuffless blood pressure (BP). We trained the parameters of an existing pulse wave analysis algorithm (oBPM), previously validated in anaesthesia on pulse oximeter signals, by collecting optical signals from 51 patients fingertips via a smartphone while simultaneously acquiring BP measurements through an arterial catheter. We then compared smartphone-based measurements obtained on 50 participants in an ambulatory setting via the OptiBP app against simultaneously acquired auscultatory systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) measurements. Patients were normotensive (70.0% for SBP versus 61.4% for DBP), hypertensive (17.1% vs. 13.6%) or hypotensive (12.9% vs. 25.0%). The difference in BP (mean ± standard deviation) between both methods were within the ISO 81,060–2:2018 standard for SBP (− 0.7 ± 7.7 mmHg), DBP (− 0.4 ± 4.5 mmHg) and MBP (− 0.6 ± 5.2 mmHg). These results demonstrate that BP can be measured with accuracy at the finger using the OptiBP smartphone app. This may become an important tool to detect hypertension in various settings, for example in low-income countries, where the availability of smartphones is high but access to health care is low.
New observations in Central Italy of groundwater responses to the worldwide seismicity
Authors: Barberio Marino Domenico , Gori Francesca , Barbieri Maurizio , Billi Andrea , Caracausi Antonio , De Luca Gaetano , Franchini Stefania , Petitta Marco , Doglioni Carlo
Published: October 2020

Chemical and physical responses of groundwater to seismicity have been documented for thousands of years. Among the waves produced by earthquakes, Rayleigh waves can spread to great distances and produce hydrogeological perturbations in response to their passage. In this work, the groundwater level, which was continuously recorded in a monitoring well in Central Italy between July 2014 and December 2019, exhibited evident responses to dynamic crustal stress. In detail, 18 sharp variations of the groundwater level due to worldwide Mw ≥ 6.5 earthquakes were observed. Apart from earthquakes that occurred in Papua New Guinea and those with a hypocentral depth > 150 km, all far away Mw ≥ 7.6 earthquakes produced impulsive oscillations of groundwater. As the earthquake magnitude decreased, only some earthquakes with 6.5 ≤ Mw < 7.6 caused groundwater level perturbations, depending on the data acquisition frequency and epicentral distance from the monitoring well. A clear correlation between earthquake distance and magnitude in hydrogeological responses was found. Our results shed light on the hydrosensitivity of the study site and on the characteristics of fractured aquifer systems. Detecting the water table variations induced by distant earthquakes is another step towards a correct identification of (preseismic) hydrogeological changes due to near-field seismicity.
Novel strategy of remote magnetic navigation-guided ablation for ventricular arrhythmias from right ventricle outflow tract
Authors: Xie Yun , Liu Ao , Jin Qi , Zhang Ning , Jia Kangni , Lin Changjian , Ling Tianyou , Chen Kang , Pan Wenqi , Wu Liqun
Published: October 2020

The optimized strategy to further increase the success rate of ablation for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is challenging. Recent studies have shown that the pulmonary sinus cusp (PSC) region may be the origin of certain RVOT VAs. We evaluated the efficacy of preferential ablation below the pulmonary valve (PV) and alternated radiofrequency delivery in the PSC using remote magnetic navigation (RMN). Sixty-five (65) consecutive patients experiencing VAs with RVOT-like appearance were included in this study. Mapping and ablation were preferentially performed below the PV. Ablation in the PSC would only be attempted when intensified ablation below the PV could not eliminate VAs. Finally, if ablation in the RVOT region failed, the aortic sinus cusp (ASC) would be mapped. Sixty-one (61) of 65 (93.8%) patients achieved procedural success. Except 7 cases of which the VAs were ablated in the ASC, the rest 54 VAs were thought to be originate from the RVOT region. Fifty (50) of 54 VAs were successfully ablated below the PV, and in the presence of a local special signal in the bipolar electrogram a more aggressive ablation was required. Subsequent ablation in the PSC with assistance of the RMN system achieved success in the remaining 4 patients. No complications occurred in this study. Our strategy of using RMN-guided ablation below the PV for VAs of RVOT origin was proved to be effective. PSC mapping and ablation using a magnetic catheter may provide the optimal strategy for treating these types of arrhythmias.
Effects of energy metabolism on the mechanical properties of breast cancer cells
Authors: Yubero Marina. L. , Kosaka Priscila M. , San Paulo Álvaro , Malumbres Marcos , Calleja Montserrat , Tamayo Javier
Published: October 2020

Tumorigenesis induces actin cortex remodeling, which makes cancerous cells softer. Cell deformability is largely determined by myosin-driven cortical tension and actin fiber architecture at the cell cortex. However, it is still unclear what the weight of each contribution is, and how these contributions change during cancer development. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the effect of energy metabolism on this phenomenon and its reprogramming in cancer. Here, we perform precise two-dimensional mechanical phenotyping based on power-law rheology to unveil the contributions of myosin II, actin fiber architecture and energy metabolism to the deformability of healthy (MCF-10A), noninvasive cancerous (MCF-7), and metastatic (MDA-MB-231) human breast epithelial cells. Contrary to the perception that the actin cortex is a passive structure that provides mechanical resistance to the cell, we find that this is only true when the actin cortex is activated by metabolic processes. The results show marked differences in the nature of the active processes that build up cell stiffness, namely that healthy cells use ATP-driven actin polymerization whereas metastatic cells use myosin II activity. Noninvasive cancerous cells exhibit an anomalous behavior, as their stiffness is not as affected by the lack of nutrients and ATP, suggesting that energy metabolism reprogramming is used to sustain active processes at the actin cortex.
Publisher Correction: A scoping review of the contributions of farmers’ organizations to smallholder agriculture
Authors: Bizikova Livia , Nkonya Ephraim , Minah Margitta , Hanisch Markus , Turaga Rama Mohana Rao , Speranza Chinwe Ifejika , Karthikeyan Muthumariappan , Tang Lixia , Ghezzi-Kopel Kate , Kelly Julie , Celestin Ashley Casandra , Timmers Beth
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Correction: Bacterial nanocellulose as a corneal bandage material: a comparison with amniotic membrane
Authors: Anton-Sales Irene , D'Antin Justin Christopher , Fernández-Engroba Jorge , Charoenrook Victor , Laromaine Anna , Roig Anna , Michael Ralph
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Bacterial nanocellulose as a corneal bandage material: a comparison with amniotic membrane’ by Irene Anton-Sales et al., Biomater. Sci., 2020, 8, 2921–2930, DOI: 10.1039/D0BM00083C.
A pH-sensitive eosin-block copolymer delivers proteins intracellularly
Authors: Reinhard Sören , Han Hesong , Tuma Jan , Røise Joachim Justad , Li I-Che , Li Jie , Lee Hye Young , Murthy Niren
Published: October 2020

An acid-hydrolyzable PEG-poly-eosin polymer (PEG-pEosin) complexes and shields proteins reversibly and delivers proteins intracellularly. In vivo gene editing in mouse brains is shown.
Cascade transformations of (±)-citronellal to menthol over extruded Ru-MCM-41 catalysts in a continuous reactor
Authors: Vajglová Zuzana , Kumar Narendra , Peurla Markus , Eränen Kari , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Murzin Dmitry Yu
Published: October 2020

Catalytic cascade transformations of (±)-citronellal in a continuous mode over bifunctional ruthenium/MCM-41/binder extrudates with different metal location.
A novel nano copper complex: potentiometry, DFT and application as a cancer prostatic biomarker for the ultrasensitive detection of human PSA
Authors: Akl Magda A. , El-gharkawy El-Sayed. R. , El-mahdy Nora A. , El-Sheikh Said M. , Sheta Sheta M.
Published: October 2020

A novel analytical approach for cancer prostatic biomarker by PSA detection using nano-Cu(II)-complex.
Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ameliorates intestinal immunity in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Huang Jinbao , Li Wenjiao , Liao Wenjing , Hao Qing , Tang Dong , Wang Dongxu , Wang Yijun , Ge Gaofei
Published: October 2020

Dietary EGCG maintains the intestinal immune homeostasis, which might play a role in preventing systemic inflammation and NAFLD.
Effects of (−)-epicatechin on neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus of aged mice
Authors: Navarrete-Yañez Viridiana , Garate-Carrillo Alejandra , Rodriguez Alonso , Mendoza-Lorenzo Patricia , Ceballos Guillermo , Calzada-Mendoza Claudia , Hogan Michael C. , Villarreal Francisco , Ramirez-Sanchez Israel
Published: October 2020

(−)-Epicatechin reduces neuroinflammation and Tau-hp, improving memory and learning.
High power Na3V2(PO4)3 symmetric full cell for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sadan Milan K. , Haridas Anupriya K. , Kim Huihun , Kim Changhyeon , Cho Gyu-Bong , Cho Kwon-Koo , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: October 2020

The study details the electrochemical characterization of NVP anodes and symmetric NVP cells in a DME electrolyte for the first time.
Gas–solid two-phase flow (GSF) mechanochemical synthesis of dual-metal–organic frameworks and research on electrochemical properties
Authors: Zhao Jun , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang
Published: October 2020

As an alternative approach for conventional mechanochemical synthesis, a novel gas–solid two-phase flow (GSF) synthetic technique for the mechanochemical synthesis of dual metal–organic frameworks (DMOFs) was reported for the first time.
Biomorphic triangulations: constructing an additional formation pathway to achieve hierarchical self-evolution in biomorphs
Authors: Chen Yifu , Wang Shuo , Gong Junbo , Wang Jingkang
Published: October 2020

Materials self-evolve to possess complex hierarchical micro-architectures.
Correction: Nano N-TiO2 mediated selective photocatalytic synthesis of quinaldines from nitrobenzenes
Authors: Selvam Kaliyamoorthy , Swaminathan Meenakshisundaram
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Nano N-TiO2 mediated selective photocatalytic synthesis of quinaldines from nitrobenzenes’ by Kaliyamoorthy Selvam et al., RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 2848–2855, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01178F.
Encoded, click-reactive DNA-binding domains for programmable capture of specific chromatin segments
Authors: Witte Anna , Muñoz-López Álvaro , Metz Malte , Schweiger Michal R. , Janning Petra , Summerer Daniel
Published: October 2020

We report programmable DNA-binding protein domains bearing genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids for click-biotinylation and enrichment of bound chromatin segments from cells for downstream analyses.
Identifying reactive intermediates by mass spectrometry
Authors: Mehara Jaya , Roithová Jana
Published: October 2020

Modern approaches of mass spectrometry can identify reaction intermediates and provide a unique insight into their structure, properties and kinetics.
Ultrasensitive small molecule fluorogenic probe for human heparanase
Authors: Liu Jun , Schleyer Kelton A. , Bryan Tyrel L. , Xie Changjian , Seabra Gustavo , Xu Yongmei , Kafle Arjun , Cui Chao , Wang Ying , Yin Kunlun , Fetrow Benjamin , Henderson Paul K. P. , Fatland Peter Z. , Liu Jian , Li Chenglong , Guo Hua , Cui Lina
Published: October 2020

Heparanase, a critical enzyme involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, activates a disaccharide probe HADP to give a strong fluorescence signal.
Clean and effective utilization of moldy peel as a biomass waste resource in the gasification process of petroleum coke
Authors: Zhou Shichao , Chen Zhengjie , Ma Wenhui
Published: October 2020

We conducted an exploratory study on the characteristics and applications of carbonaceous materials prepared using different types of biomass and petroleum coke (PC).
Increased CODH activity in a bioelectrochemical system improves microbial electrosynthesis with CO
Authors: Song Young Eun , Kim Changman , Baek Jiyun , Im Chae Ho , Seol Eunhee , Jae Jungho , Nygård Yvonne , Kim Jung Rae
Published: October 2020

The high CODH activity appears to have a synergistic effect with an electrode-assisted electron transfer, and thus maximize the conversion of acetate and VFAs from electrosynthesis with CO.
Micro-RNA 122 and micro-RNA 96 affected human osteosarcoma biological behavior and associated with prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Bin , Yao Shuqiang , Zhou Jiping
Published: October 2020

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in both children and adolescents. In the present study, we aimed to explore the association of miRNA-122 and miRNA-96 expression with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. The expression of miRNA-122 and miRNA-96 in human osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues were detected in the present study. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of miRNA-122 and miRNA-96 in 68 human OS samples. We found that MiRNA-122 and miRNA-96 were widely up-regulated in osteosarcoma, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. In HOS, Saos-2 and U2OS osteosarcoma cells, miRNA-122 and miRNA-96 were up-regulated significantly, while down-regulated in MG-63 cells. After further investigation, we found that miRNA-122 and miRNA-96 concentrations were significantly higher in the tumor tissues than those in the normal tissues (P<0.01). Moreover, the cell proliferation of LV-miRNA-122-RNAi and LV-miRNA-96-RNAi transfected SaOS2 was significantly decreased compared with the LV- miRNA-122-RNAi-CN and LV- miRNA-96-RNAi group. After adjusting for competing risk factors, we found combined high miRNA-122 and miRNA-96 expression was identified as independent predictor of overall survival.
Intrinsically disordered protein regions and phase separation: sequence determinants of assembly or lack thereof
Authors: Martin Erik W. , Holehouse Alex S.
Published: October 2020

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) — regions that do not fold into a fixed three-dimensional structure but instead exist in a heterogeneous ensemble of conformations — have recently entered mainstream cell biology in the context of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). IDRs are frequently found to be enriched in phase-separated compartments. Due to this observation, the presence of an IDR in a protein is frequently assumed to be diagnostic of its ability to phase separate. In this review, we clarify the role of IDRs in biological assembly and explore the physical principles through which amino acids can confer the attractive molecular interactions that underlie phase separation. While some disordered regions will robustly drive phase separation, many others will not. We emphasize that rather than ‘disorder' driving phase separation, multivalency drives phase separation. As such, whether or not a disordered region is capable of driving phase separation will depend on the physical chemistry encoded within its amino acid sequence. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of that physical chemistry is a prerequisite to make informed inferences on how and why an IDR may be involved in phase separation or, more generally, in protein-mediated intermolecular interactions.
The Relation of Articulatory and Vocal Auditory–Motor Control in Typical Speakers
Authors: Lester-Smith Rosemary A. , Daliri Ayoub , Enos Nicole , Abur Defne , Lupiani Ashling A. , Letcher Sophia , Stepp Cara E.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between feedback and feedforward control of articulation and voice by measuring reflexive and adaptive responses to first formant (
F
1
) and fundamental frequency (
f
o
) perturbations. In addition, perception of
F
1
and
f
o
perturbation was estimated using passive (listening) and active (speaking) just noticeable difference paradigms to assess the relation of auditory acuity to reflexive and adaptive responses.

Method

Twenty healthy women produced single words and sustained vowels while the
F
1
or
f
o
of their auditory feedback was suddenly and unpredictably perturbed to assess reflexive responses or gradually and predictably perturbed to assess adaptive responses.

Results

Typical speakers' reflexive responses to sudden perturbation of
F
1
were related to their adaptive responses to gradual perturbation of
F
1
. Specifically, speakers with larger reflexive responses to sudden perturbation of
F
1
had larger adaptive responses to gradual perturbation of
F
1
. Furthermore, their reflexive responses to sudden perturbation of
F
1
were associated with their passive auditory acuity to
F
1
such that speakers with better auditory acuity to
F
1
produced larger reflexive responses to sudden perturbations of
F
1
. Typical speakers' adaptive responses to gradual perturbation of
F
1
were not associated with their auditory acuity to
F
1
. Speakers' reflexive and adaptive responses to perturbation of
f
o
were not related, nor were their responses related to either measure of auditory acuity to
f
o
.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that there may be disparate feedback and feedforward control mechanisms for articulatory and vocal error correction based on auditory feedback.
The origin of the elements and other implications of gravitational wave detection for nuclear physics
Authors: Lunney David
Published: October 2020

The neutron-star collision revealed by the event GW170817 gave us a first glimpse of a possible birthplace of most of our heavy elements. The multi-messenger nature of this historical event combined gravitational waves, a gamma-ray burst and optical astronomy of a “kilonova”, bringing the first observations of rapid neutron capture (r process) nucleosynthesis after 60 years of speculation. Modeling the r process requires a prodigious amount of nuclear-physics ingredients: practically all the quantum state and interaction properties of virtually all neutron-rich nuclides, many of which may never be produced in the laboratory! Another essential contribution of nuclear physics to neutron stars (and their eventual coalescence) is the equation of state (EoS) that defines their structure and composition. The EoS, combined with the knowledge of nuclear binding energies, determines the elemental profile of the outer crust of a neutron star and the relationship between its radius and mass. In addition, the EoS determines the form of the gravitational wave signal. This article combines a tutorial presentation and bibliography with recent results that link nuclear mass spectrometry to gravitational waves via neutron stars.
Diagnostic génétique et physiologique de la face sur téléradiographie de profil par forme mathématisée : un quadrilatère
Authors: Benoît Roland
Published: October 2020

Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse sagittale, mathématisée de la face et du crâne, selon un procédé géométrique : un quadrilatère.

Ce quadrilatère présente un principe d’économie naturelle dans sa construction (la description de l’analyse a été décrite dans un article publié en 2018, dans la Revue d’ODF[3]).

Il permet d’établir pour chaque patient un diagnostic et de proposer des objectifs de coordination pour les structures squelettiques, musculaires et dentaires, en vue d’obtenir une meilleure efficacité des fonctions de mastication, de respiration et d’expressivité.

Cette analyse est appliquée à trois types de typologies différentes…

Cette analyse basée sur des données génétiques permet de coordonner structures et fonctions.
Das One-Splint-Konzept
Authors: Siegemund Kerstin I.
Published: October 2020

Behandlungskonzepte der aktiven Frühmobilisation haben das Ziel, ein begrenztes und, gegenüber der passiven Frühmobilisation, verbessertes Gleiten der verletzten Sehne zu erreichen. Das One-Splint-Konzept setzt dabei auf eine einzige Schiene, die zum Üben nicht gewechselt werden muss. So kann die Rupturgefahr der Sehnennaht vermindert werden.
Schnittverletzung am Handgelenk
Authors: Jourdan Joanna
Published: October 2020

Herr M. zog sich eine durch Glasscherben verursachte Schnittverletzung am Handgelenk zu und erlitt dabei eine kombinierte Beugesehnen- und Nervenverletzung. Seine Ergotherapeutin begleitete ihn von Tag 1 bis zum Abschluss der Behandlung nach 12 Wochen. Sie beschreibt, warum das Nachbehandlungskonzept der aktiven Frühmobilisation gewählt wurde und wie sie es in den einzelnen Wochen umsetzte und an individuelle Gegebenheiten anpasste.
Kortisolkonzentration bei Deutsch-Holstein-Kühen vor, während und nach der Klauenbehandlung im Durchtreibestand – Eignung verschiedener Matrizes
Authors: Heinrich Maria , Müller Hendrik , Fieseler Helena , Steiner Adrian , Gottschalk Jutta , Einspanier Almuth , Spilke Joachim , Mielenz Norbert , Palme Rupert , Baumgartner Walter , Möbius Gerd , Starke Alexander
Published: October 2020

Ziel Überprüfung, ob sich die Änderung der Kortisolkonzentration im Blut (KoB) von Milchkühen während eines akuten Stressreizes durch die Kortisolkonzentration im Speichel (KoS), in der Tränenflüssigkeit (KoTr) und in der Milch (KoM) und die Kortisolmetabolitenkonzentration im Kot (KoK) nachvollziehen lässt.

Material und Methoden Bei 10 gesunden Deutsch-Holstein-Kühen diente eine simulierte Klauenbehandlung (sKB) im Durchtreibestand als Modell für eine akute Stresssituation. KoB, KoS, KoTr, KoM sowie KoK wurden einmal täglich über 10 Tage gemessen. Bei der an Tag 4 durchgeführten sKB wurden die KoB und KoTr (Minute 0, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) und die KoK (Minute 480, 540, 600, 660) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Während der sKB stiegen die KoB und KoTr (Maximum zu Minute 60) und fielen anschließend ab. Nach der sKB kam es zu einem Anstieg der KoK (Maximum zu Minute 660). Während der sKB korrelierten KoB und KoTr sowie KoK und KoTr signifikant und KoK und KoB tendenziell. Im gesamten Verlauf der sKB (Area under the Curve [AUC], Minute 0–80) zeigten KoB und KoTr eine signifikante Korrelation (p = 0,04). Die KoB fiel von Tag 1 zu Tag 4 signifikant ab (p < 0,01). An Tag 5 waren KoB (p = 0,03) und KoK (p < 0,01) signifikant höher. Der Verlauf der KoS und KoTr (Tag 1–10) spiegelte den KoB-Verlauf gut wider. Der Verlauf der KoK wies Parallelen, der von KoM einige Unterschiede zum Verlauf der KoB auf. Deutlich positive Korrelationen ergaben sich für den Zeitraum Tag 1–10 im Vergleich von KoB und KoS (p = 0,002) sowie von KoB und KoTr (p = 0,002).

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die Gewinnung von Tränenflüssigkeit und Speichel stellt bei der Bestimmung der Kortisolkonzentration eine Alternative zur invasiven Blutentnahme dar. Ein ruhiger Umgang mit den Kühen führt zu einer geringeren Stressreaktion und kann somit das Tierwohl verbessern.
Stoma Closure Improves Head Circumference Growth in Very Preterm Infants after Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Honoré Karina Dyrvig , Johansen Malene Nygaard , Rasmussen Lars , Zachariassen Gitte
Published: October 2020

Introduction Very preterm infants (VPIs) surgically treated for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are at risk of growth retardation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate and compare growth during the first 6 years of life in VPIs with stoma after NEC surgery with VPIs without NEC surgery.

Materials and Methods We included all VPIs surgically treated due to NEC at the Odense University Hospital from August 1, 2004, to July 31, 2008. Outcome on growth was compared with a group of VPIs without NEC. The VPIs with NEC were identified searching the local database using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis of NEC (DP77.9). Data on growth were collected from medical files and if not present, the parents reported the data.

Results Nineteen VPIs, surgically treated due to NEC, survived to 6 years of age. Median gestational age was 283/7 weeks (245/7–313/7). Median age at NEC surgery and stoma formation was 2.3 weeks (0.1–6.3) and median age at stoma closure was 2.5 months corrected age (CA) (postmenstrual age 36 weeks to CA 6.7 months). Compared with the non-NEC group, VPIs with NEC and stoma demonstrated poor growth, especially in head circumference (HC) with no increase in growth velocity before the time of stoma closure between 2.5- and 3-month CAs.

Conclusion Our findings demonstrate poor growth in VPIs after NEC surgery and improved HC growth after stoma closure.
Frequently Asked Questions about Thrombosis during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Golemi Lolita , Hanson Peter , Tafur Alfonso
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the “shelter-in-place” orders have placed a significant strain on patients and providers. We believe that patient education is crucial during these times, so together with their health care providers, the patients can make the best decisions in regard to their health. Anchored on a patient-perspective, we summarize frequently asked questions illustrating a growing thrombosis concern.
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis
Authors: Antero Maria Facadio , Ayhan Ayse , Segars James , Shih Ie-Ming
Published: October 2020

Adenomyosis represents a unique pathophysiological condition in which normal-appearing endometrial mucosa resides within myometrium and is thus protected from menstrual shedding. The resulting ectopic presence of endometrial tissue composed of glands and stroma is thought to affect normal contractile function and peristalsis of uterine smooth muscle, causing menometrorrhagia, infertility, and adverse obstetric outcomes. Since the first description of adenomyosis more than 150 years ago, pathologists have studied this lesion by examining tissue specimens, and have proposed multiple explanations to account for its pathogenesis. However, as compared with endometriosis, progress of adenomyosis research has been, at best, incremental mainly due to the lack of standardized protocols in sampling tissue and a lack of consensus diagnostic criteria in pathology practice. Despite these limitations, recent advances in revealing the detailed anatomy and biology of eutopic endometrium offer an unprecedented opportunity to study this common but relatively understudied disorder. Here, we briefly summarize the pathological aspects of adenomyosis from an historical background, and discuss conventional morphology and recent tissue-based molecular studies with a special emphasis on elucidating its tissue of origin from a pathologist's perspective. We also discuss unmet needs in pathology studies that would be important for advancing adenomyosis research.
Permuting quantum eigenmodes by a quasi-adiabatic motion of a potential wall
Authors: Duca Alessandro , Joly Romain , Turaev Dmitry
Published: October 2020

We study the Schrödinger equation i∂tψ = −Δψ + Vψ on L2((0,1),C) where V is a very high and localized potential wall. We consider the process where the position and the height of the wall change as follows: First, the potential increases from zero to a very large value, and so a narrow potential wall is formed and almost splits the interval into two parts; then, the wall moves to a different position, after which the height of the wall decreases to zero again. We show that even though the rate of variation of the potential’s parameters can be arbitrarily slow, this process alternates adiabatic and non-adiabatic dynamics, leading to a non-trivial permutation of the instantaneous energy eigenstates. Furthermore, we consider potentials with several narrow walls and show how an arbitrarily slow motion of the walls can lead the system from any given state to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of any other state, thus proving the approximate controllability of the above Schrödinger equation by means of a soft, quasi-adiabatic variation of the potential.
Stable states of vortex-like magnetic formations in inhomogeneous magnetically uniaxial films and their behavior in a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Vakhitov Robert M. , Solonetsky Rostislav V. , Akhmetova Aygul A.
Published: October 2020

This paper looks into the magnetization reversal processes of uniaxial ferromagnetic films with spatially modulated material parameters. It has been established that four types of vortex-like inhomogeneities can form on columnar defects of a certain type in such films, with these inhomogeneities having a nontrivial configuration of magnetic moments and differing in their topological parameters. It has been shown that in a magnetic field, their structure transforms into two or three stages, such transformation depending both on the topological charge and on the polarity of their core. A diagram of their stable states has been constructed, and a range of material parameters has been determined within which they can exist only in the presence of a magnetic field. The methods for producing such films have been considered.
The automation of robust interatomic-force measurements
Authors: Sader John Elie
Published: October 2020

Interatomic-force measurements are regularly performed using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. This requires conversion of the observed shift in the resonant frequency of a force-sensing cantilever to the actual force experienced by its tip. Recently, Sader et al. [Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1088 (2018)] showed that this force conversion can be unreliable and proposed the inflection point test to identify valid and robust force data. Efficient and user-friendly algorithms are required for its routine practical implementation, which currently do not exist. Here, we (1) advance the theoretical framework of the inflection point test, (2) develop the required efficient algorithms for its complete automation, and (3) demonstrate the utility of this automation by studying two experimental datasets, in ultrahigh vacuum and liquid. The principal outcome of this report is the development of user-friendly software that integrates this automation with a standard force conversion methodology. This software provides the enabling technology for practitioners to now seamlessly perform robust nanoscale and interatomic-force measurements.
On the influence of Reynolds shear stress upon the velocity patterns generated in turbulent starting pipe flow
Authors: García García F. J. , Fariñas Alvariño P.
Published: October 2020

Experimental evidence yields a wide variety of starting turbulent pipe flows, usually with greatly deformed mean velocity profiles. Some experimental tests attain profiles with maximum values in the near-wall region, while some others report well-defined local concavities within globally convex mean velocity profiles. To the authors’ knowledge, no available explanation yet exists for such a kind of behavior. This theoretical research studies the specific effects that certain patterns of Reynolds shear stress cause on the mean velocity field obtained in unsteady turbulent flows. A simple model of transient Reynolds shear stress is devised, and this model is used to calculate the mean velocity field of starting turbulent flow. Those mean flow patterns are related to the actual velocity profiles reported in the experimental literature on starting flow. We learn how the different Reynolds shear stress patterns contribute to create the resulting mean velocity patterns and which particular configuration of Reynolds shear stress is responsible for each one of the reported experimental velocity profiles. We explain why, how, where, and when each particular deformation in the unsteady mean velocity profile is caused, and the relationship between each type of deformation and the Reynolds shear stress that brings it forth. We issue some predictions identifying types of flow that, to our knowledge, have not yet been reported in the experimental literature, and we offer clues for those experimental researchers willing to discover the predicted flow patterns. This research continues the exposition of the theory of underlying laminar flow initiated in previous papers.
Learning latent dynamics for partially observed chaotic systems
Authors: Ouala S. , Nguyen D. , Drumetz L. , Chapron B. , Pascual A. , Collard F. , Gaultier L. , Fablet R.
Published: October 2020

This paper addresses the data-driven identification of latent representations of partially observed dynamical systems, i.e., dynamical systems for which some components are never observed, with an emphasis on forecasting applications and long-term asymptotic patterns. Whereas state-of-the-art data-driven approaches rely in general on delay embeddings and linear decompositions of the underlying operators, we introduce a framework based on the data-driven identification of an augmented state-space model using a neural-network-based representation. For a given training dataset, it amounts to jointly reconstructing the latent states and learning an ordinary differential equation representation in this space. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate the relevance of the proposed framework with respect to state-of-the-art approaches in terms of short-term forecasting errors and long-term behavior. We further discuss how the proposed framework relates to the Koopman operator theory and Takens’ embedding theorem.