bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horse owners’ knowledge, and opinions on recognising colic in the horse
Authors: Bowden A. , Burford J. H. , Brennan M. L. , England G. C. W. , Freeman S. L.
Published: August 2019

Background

Colic is the most common emergency problem in the horse. An owner’s ability to recognise colic and seek assistance is a critical first step in determining case outcome.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess horse owners’ knowledge and opinions on recognising colic.

Study design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

An online questionnaire was distributed to horse owners with open and closed questions on their knowledge of normal clinical parameters in the horse, confidence and approach to recognising colic (including assessment through case scenarios), and their demographics. Descriptive and chi squared statistical analyses were performed.

Results

There were 1564 participants. Many respondents either did not know or provided incorrect estimates for their horse’s normal clinical parameters: only 45% (n = 693/1540) gave correct normal values for heart rate, 45% (n = 694/1541) for respiratory rate and 67% (n = 1028/1534) for rectal temperature. Knowledge of normal values was statistically associated with participants’ educational qualifications (P<0.01). Owners said if they suspected their horse had colic they would assess faecal output (76%; n = 1131/1486), gastrointestinal sounds (75%; n = 1113/1486), respiratory rate (65%; n = 967/1486) and heart rate (54%; n = 797/1486). There was a lack of consensus on whether to call a vet for behavioural signs of colic, unless the signs were severe or persistent. The majority of participants (61%) were confident that they could recognise most types of colic. In the case scenarios, 49% were confident deciding that a surgical case had colic, but 9% were confident deciding an impaction case had colic.

Main limitations

Most respondents were UK based; risk of self‐selection bias for owners with previous experience of colic.

Conclusions

There was marked variation in horse owners’ recognition and responses to colic, and significant gaps in knowledge. This highlights the need for the development of accessible educational resources to support owners’ decision‐making.
Serum albumin/globulin ratio is associated with cognitive function in community‐dwelling older people: The Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians study
Authors: Maeda Satomi , Takeya Yasushi , Oguro Ryosuke , Akasaka Hiroshi , Ryuno Hirochika , Kabayama Mai , Yokoyama Serina , Nagasawa Motonori , Fujimoto Taku , Takeda Masao , Onishi‐Takeya Miyuki , Itoh Norihisa , Takami Yoichi , Yamamoto Koichi , Sugimoto Ken , Inagaki Hiroki , Ogawa Madoka , Nakagawa Takeshi , Yasumoto Saori , Masui Yukie , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Ikebe Kazunori , Gondo Yasuyuki , Kamide Kei , Rakugi Hiromi
Published: August 2019

Aim

The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between cognitive function and the serum albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) in community‐dwelling Japanese older adults.

Methods

Randomly extracted residents in both urban and rural parts of Japan were enrolled in this study. A total of 1827 participants with a mean age of 70 or 80 years were recruited. A venue survey method was carried out with comprehensive studies, including interviews, blood collection, physical examination and cognitive function tests.

Results

Univariate analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the total Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and the serum A/G ratio at the age of 70 and 80 years, in which better cognitive function was associated with a high serum A/G ratio. Multiple regression analysis with the total Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score as the dependent variable showed that the serum albumin level, serum globulin level, serum A/G ratio, C‐reactive protein, years of formal education and sex were related to the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score at the age of 70 years, and that the serum albumin level, serum globulin level, serum A/G ratio, C‐reactive protein, years of formal education and stroke were related at the age of 80 years. The serum A/G ratio showed a better correlation than the serum globulin levels at the age of 70 and 80 years (70 years: β = 0.131 vs –0.111, 80 years: β = 0.108 vs –0.071).

Conclusions

We found a correlation between cognitive function and the serum A/G ratio in community‐dwelling older people, suggesting that nutritional status and chronic inflammation might influence cognitive function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 967–971.
Transnational‐Migrant Domestic Workers' Cultural Activism Online: The Case of an Indonesian Islamic‐Writing Group in Hong Kong
Authors: Sawai Shiho , Bose Christine E.
Published: August 2019

This study aims to illustrate the nuanced efficacy of Islamic‐writing activism by Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong, who vigorously utilize online spheres. We regard this group as a part of transnational migrant domestic workers' cultural activism, which is currently flourishing in the region. In particular, we pay a special attention to this group's intersectional themes in Islam and writing, to ask how an intersectional activist group utilizes online terrains and multiple themes, to nurture affective ties with others and simultaneously build activist networks. By combining questionnaires, socio‐metric surveys, interviews and web content analysis, we argue that the participation in this activism allows the members collective and personal empowerment online. From the data analyses, we uncover three key features of the members' Facebook usage: maintaining weak ties by balancing multiple group memberships, using tools for interactive self‐identification, and being driven by networking. Additionally, the members re‐contextualized their gender and class identities in positive ways, using Islam and writing. We argue that the members utilized Islam chiefly as moral yardstick and image‐making, while writing as a multitasking tool and an alternative class marker for them.Through these acts of re‐contextualization, the members recreate their alternative self‐identifications incorporating class, religion, gender and nationality seamlessly. These features partly resonate with their offline behaviors, to assist and synthesize their attempt at self‐actualization in‐between their cultural spaces, by integrating the host society, native society, and the activist society.
The role of G protein‐coupled receptor‐related genes in cytochrome P450‐mediated resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), to imidacloprid
Authors: Ma Z. , Zhang Y. , You C. , Zeng X. , Gao X.
Published: August 2019

Ninety‐four putative G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified in the Musca domestica genome. They were annotated and compared with their homologues in Drosophila melanogaster. Phylogenetic analyses of the GPCRs from both species revealed that several family members shared a closer relationship based on the domain architecture. The expression profiles of these genes were examined by quantitative real‐time PCR amongst three strains of the house fly, a near‐isogenic line strain with imidacloprid resistance (N‐IRS), the corresponding susceptible strain (CSS) and another strain derived from field populations with imidacloprid resistance (IRS). We found that five GPCR genes were upregulated in the N‐IRS and eight GPCR genes were upregulated in the IRS strains compared to the CSS strain. The transgenic lines of D. melanogaster with the GPCR genes (LOC101899380 in the N‐IRS strain and LOC101895664 in the IRS strain) exhibited significantly increased tolerance to imidacloprid, and higher expression of cytochrome P450 genes. Bioinformatic analysis of LOC101899380 was carried out based on its full‐length nucleic acid sequence and putative amino acid sequence, and it was named Methuselah‐like10 (Mthl10) owing to its homology with D. melanogaster Mthl10. A cell‐base cell counting kit‐8 toxicity assay demonstrated that the expression of the GPCR gene LOC101899380 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using a baculovirus‐mediated expression system can elevate the cell tolerance to imidacloprid, indirectly supporting the hypothesis that the GPCR gene LOC101899380 plays some role in imidacloprid resistance. These results should be useful for furthering understanding of the regulatory pathway by which house flies develop resistance.
Investigating remanufacturing competition with yield uncertainty on market share, profit, and consumer surplus
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxi , Wang Miaomiao , Pei Jun , Pardalos Panos M.
Published: August 2019

Remanufacturing has been recognized both in literature and practice because of its greenness and cost saving. Since the reproduction processes could be affected by uncertain factors, remanufacturing is much more complex than producing new products. To investigate how yield uncertainty and market competition affect remanufacturing decisions, we compare the results under three classical market scenarios with random yield, that is, (a) Nash–Cournot, (b) monopoly, and (c) Stackelberg–Cournot. On comparing the expected remanufacturing scale, expected profit, and consumer surplus, it shows that as the number of remanufacturers increases, the planned collection quantity of a single remanufacturer decreases, while the total expected market output increases. Furthermore, we find that the largest expected profit and expected consumer surplus brought by market scenarios depend on a threshold remanufacturer number. We also relax the assumptions and extend our model to consider the scenario of m leaders and followers in a Stackelberg game. It is interesting to find that the first‐mover advantage in profit and market share of the leader remanufacturer would be challenged when the number of leader remanufacturers is no less than 2. The results can be potentially useful for managerial decisions and environmental administrations.
Visualization of tricuspid valve annulus for implantation of His bundle pacing in patients with symptomatic bradycardia
Authors: Gu Min , Hu Yiran , Hua Wei , Niu Hongxia , Chen Xuhua , Cai Minsi , Zhang Nixiao , Li Hui , Zhou Xiaohong , Zhang Shu
Published: August 2019

Background

His bundle pacing (HBP) is a physiological pacing modality, but HBP implantation remains a challenge.

Objective

This study explored the feasibility of using visualization of the tricuspid valve annulus (TVA) to locate the site for HBP.

Methods

During the lead placement in eight patients with symptomatic bradycardia, the TVA and tricuspid septal leaflet was revealed by contrast injection in the right ventricle under the fluoroscopic right anterior oblique view, and the target site for HBP was identified near the intersection of the tricuspid septal leaflet and the interventricular septum. On the basis of the imaging marker, the pacing lead was placed for HBP at either the atrial (aHBP) or ventricular side (vHBP).

Results

During the implantation, the pacing lead placement was attempted for aHBP in two patients, vHBP in five patients, and first for aHBP then vHBP in one patient. The aHBP was selective and had a capture threshold of 1.6 ± 0.5 V@ 1.0ms and R‐wave amplitude of 1.2 ± 0.4 mV. Ventricular‐side His bundle capture was selective in four patients and nonselective in two patients. The vHBP capture threshold was 0.8 ± 0.4 V@ 1.0ms (P < .05 vs aHBP) and R‐wave amplitude was 4.1 ± 1.5 mV (P < .05 vs aHBP). At the final pacing programming of 3.0 V@ 1.0ms, vHBP was nonselective in all six patients and aHBP remained selective in two patients. Pacing parameters remained stable at 3 months.

Conclusion

The location of the TVA and tricuspid septal leaflet revealed by right ventriculography can be used as a landmark to identify the HBP site.
Relationship between glycated hemoglobin level and duration of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulfonylureas: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Matsuoka Atsuko , Hirota Yushi , Takeda Akihiko , Kishi Minoru , Hashimoto Naoko , Ohara Takeshi , Higo Satomi , Yamada Hiroyuki , Nakamura Tomoaki , Hamaguchi Tetsushi , Takeuchi Takehito , Nakagawa Yasushi , Okada Yuko , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Ogawa Wataru
Published: August 2019

Aims/Introduction

Sulfonylurea‐related hypoglycemia increases the risk of cardiovascular sequela, such as cardiac arrhythmia. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the duration of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulfonylureas.

Materials and Methods

Glucose levels in the enrolled patients (n = 300) were investigated with a professional continuous glucose monitoring device in the outpatient setting at six diabetes centers in Japan.

Results

A total of 269 participants completed the study. The duration of hypoglycemia with glucose values of <54 mg/dL was significantly longer in patients with an HbA1c level of ≤6.4% than in those with an HbA1c level of ≥8.0%, and that of hypoglycemia with glucose values of <70 mg/dL was significantly longer in patients with an HbA1c level of ≤6.4%, 6.5–6.9% or 7.0–7.4% than in those with an HbA1c level of ≥8.0%. Patients with an HbA1c level of ≤6.4% were exposed to glucose values of <70 mg/dL for >10% of the time in daily life (6.8 ± 5.6 min/h). The duration of hypoglycemia with glucose values of <70 mg/dL was longer at night than during the daytime, and the nadir of glucose values occurred between 03.00 and 05.00 hours irrespective of HbA1c level. The duration of hypoglycemia was associated with the duration of diabetes and sulfonylurea dose.

Conclusions

The duration of hypoglycemia was inversely correlated with HbA1c level and was longer during the night‐time than daytime in type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulfonylureas.
Change in body composition in patients with achalasia before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Mizusawa Takeshi , Sato Hiroki , Kamimura Kenya , Hashimoto Satoru , Mizuno Ken‐ichi , Kamimura Hiroteru , Ikarashi Satoshi , Hayashi Kazunao , Takamura Masaaki , Yokoyama Junji , Terai Shuji
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim

Patients with achalasia experience weight loss because of dysphagia caused by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. This study aimed to use dual bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to determine the change in bodyweight and body composition in patients with achalasia before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).

Methods

Patients with achalasia who underwent POEM from 2013 to 2018 (n = 72) were retrospectively analyzed for change in bodyweight before and after 3 months. Additionally, change in body composition was prospectively investigated in the final 10 of 72 patients using non‐radiation dual BIA.

Results

Twenty patients (27.8%) were underweight (body mass index < 18.5) before undergoing POEM. No clinical parameters were identified to be associated with the underweight condition before POEM and be predictive of an increase in bodyweight after POEM. Low visceral fat volume observed on dual BIA correlated closely with the result obtained using computed tomography (Pearson correlation coefficient: r = 0.850, P < 0.01). Patients with achalasia had a statistically significant increase in visceral (P < 0.01) and subcutaneous fat volumes (P < 0.01) after POEM. Skeletal muscle mass index slightly increased (P = 0.02), although the value after POEM was still low. No blood biomarkers were indicators for low bodyweight or low visceral fat volume.

Conclusions

Dual BIA is an effective non‐invasive tool to evaluate the change in body composition of underweight patients with achalasia. Skeletal muscle volume was not enough after POEM, although a rapid increase in the intra‐abdominal fat volume was observed. Additional studies are warranted to understand the pathological implications.
Distribution of platelets, transforming growth factor‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotease‐9 in advanced platelet‐rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor matrices
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Tsujino Tetsuhiro , Yamaguchi Sadahiro , Isobe Kazushige , Watanabe Taisuke , Kitamura Yutaka , Okuda Kazuhiro , Nakata Koh , Kawase Tomoyuki
Published: August 2019

Aim

Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) matrices are compared with regard to their ability to retain and release growth factors. Although this ability is thought to influence regenerative outcomes, it remains unclear how it is regulated. To address this question, we compared advanced PRF (A‐PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) matrices in terms of distribution of platelets, transforming growth factor‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotease‐9 (MMP9).

Methods

Blood samples were obtained in glass tubes and immediately centrifuged to prepare A‐PRF or CGF matrix according to their specific protocols. Both matrices were compressed, embedded in paraffin and subjected to immunohistochemical examination.

Results

Leukocytes and plasma proteins were localized on the distal surface including the interface corresponding to buffy coat. In A‐PRF, platelets were distributed homogenously, while growth factors and fibronectin were localized on the proximal surface and MMP9 was mainly colocalized with leukocytes. In CGF, in contrast, platelets were localized on and below the distal surface like leukocytes, growth factors were diffused homogenously and MMP9 was found in the plasma protein layers.

Conclusion

Although these preparations do not allow accurate quantification, platelet counts and growth factor levels seemed higher and leukocytes were less activated in A‐PRF. This may explain A‐PRF’s higher ability to release growth factors.
Telomeric association between chromosomes Y and 19 in a mosaic Turner with primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Barnabas Linda C. , Shankar Kundavi , Kar Bibhas
Published: August 2019

A rare case of telomeric association between Y and 19 chromosomes in a 24‐year‐old patient with primary ovarian insufficiency is being reported. Clinical evaluation revealed a webbed neck, high‐arched palate and short stature with absence of axillary hair. Small uterus and streak gonads were noted on pelvic ultrasonography. Cytogenetic analysis showed a mosaic karyotype 46,X,tas(Y;19)(p11.3;q13.4)/45,X with two centromeres on the derivative chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for X and Y centromere, SRY gene and subtelomeric FISH showed that signals for SRY and heterochromatin of Y chromosome were found at the base of chromosome 19 and the subtelomere regions of 19q and Yp were intact. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was done to check for common microdeletions in AZF region and showed no microdeletion. Due to the presence of Y chromosome, laparoscopic examination followed by gonadal histopathology was done and confirmed the presence of ovotestes. Gonadectomy was performed to avoid future risk of gonadoblastoma. Artificial reproductive techniques using donor oocytes was suggested to the couple.
Association between spontaneous ovulation and serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in a premature ovarian insufficiency patient after a multimodal treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Wakimoto Yu , Fukui Atushi , Wakimoto Goh , Ikezawa Yuji , Matsuoka Michie , Omote Maya , Sugiyama Yukiko , Ukita Yuji , Kato Toru , Shibahara Hiroaki
Published: August 2019

The high toxicity of chemotherapy can damage a patient's gonadal function, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Here, we report the case of a patient suffering from POI after chemotherapy for breast cancer, who 3 years later ovulated spontaneously and became pregnant. The patient, a 31‐year‐old infertile women, nulligravida, was diagnosed with breast cancer. The Anti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH) level in her serum was 1.85 ng/mL before multimodal treatment for cancer. She later visited our hospital for amenorrhea and 2 years after cancer treatment, she was diagnosed with POI. Her AMH level at that point was less than 0.1 ng/mL. One year after the diagnosis of POI, the patient's AMH level increased slightly to 0.14 ng/mL and she ovulated spontaneously. The patient later became pregnant using Assisted Reproductive Technology on the fourth attempt.During the course of treatment for infertility at our hospital, the AMH levels in her serum changed along with the recovery of ovarian function. These findings suggest the possibility that ovulation and pregnancy could be predicted by the chronological changes of the AMH levels in the patient's serum.
The impact of language borders on the spatial decay of agglomeration and competition spillovers
Authors: Mantegazzi Daniele , McCann Philip , Venhorst Viktor
Published: August 2019

There is now strong evidence that “soft” institutions are interrelated with the working of the economy. For example, in a geographical setting there is evidence that language borders affect interpersonal relationships, but there is no equivalent evidence regarding the effects of language borders on agglomeration or competition spillovers. This paper examines whether language affects the geographical extension of agglomeration and competition spillovers by observing the geography of employment patterns in a linguistically discontinuous setting. Our findings, for the first time, provide empirical evidence that language borders shape the distance decay of competition spillovers, independent of governance, and institutional issues.
Exploring associations between adverse childhood experiences and oral health among children and adolescents
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Nelson Joni , Radcliff Elizabeth , Martin Amy
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The aim of this article is to examine the association between preventive dental care and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and the association between tooth decay and ACEs, controlling for preventive dental care.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 33,395 respondents from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative sample of US children. Sociodemographic information, ACE questions, and oral health and health‐care utilization information were used. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariable regression models were performed.

Results

Children with four or more ACEs were less likely to have a preventive dental visit than children with less than four ACEs (79.7 percent versus 88.7 percent, P < 0.0001). Children with four or more ACEs were more likely to have tooth decay (26.7 percent versus 12.5 percent, P < 0.0001) than their counterparts. Children exposed to four or more ACEs had lower odds of receiving preventive dental visits than children exposed to less than four ACEs (aOR 0.67; 95 percent CI 0.50–0.89). Children with four or more ACEs had higher odds of decayed teeth than children exposed to fewer than four ACEs (aOR 2.08; 95 percent CI 1.61–2.70), even after controlling for preventive dental care.

Conclusions

Pediatricians, dental hygienists, and dentists need to be aware of how childhood trauma may hinder both caregivers and children from engaging in preventive oral health care or dental treatment. The information provided in our study can inform policies and programs that support children's oral health, through the identification and mitigation of childhood trauma.
Short‐course amphotericin B in addition to sertraline and fluconazole for treatment of HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis in rural Tanzania
Authors: Katende Andrew , Mbwanji Gladys , Faini Diana , Nyuri Amina , Kalinjuma Aneth Vedastus , Mnzava Dorcas , Hullsiek Katherine H. , Rhein Joshua , Weisser Maja , Meya David B. , Boulware David R. , Letang Emilio ,   the KIULARCO Study Group
Published: August 2019

Background

Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for 15% of all AIDS mortality globally. Most cases in low‐ and middle‐income countries are treated with fluconazole monotherapy, which is associated with a high mortality. New available therapies are needed. Short‐course amphotericin B has been shown to be a safe and efficient therapeutic option. Sertraline has in vitro fungicidal activity against Cryptococcus and bi‐directional synergy with fluconazole.

Methods

We conducted an open‐label clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of sertraline 400 mg/day and fluconazole 1200 mg/day (n = 28) vs sertraline, fluconazole and additional 5 days of amphotericin B deoxycholate 0.7‐1 mg/kg (n = 18) for cryptococcal meningitis.

Results

Two‐week survival was 64% (18/28) without amphotericin and 89% (16/18) with amphotericin, and 10‐week survival was 21% (6/28) vs 61% (11/18), respectively (P = .012). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Cryptococcus clearance rate was 0.264 log10 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL of CSF/day (95% CI: 0.112‐0.416) without amphotericin and 0.473 log10 CFU/mL/day (95% CI: 0.344‐0.60) with short‐course amphotericin (P = .03). Sertraline was discontinued in one participant due to side effects. Four participants receiving amphotericin B experienced hypokalemia <2.4 mEq/L.

Conclusions

Short‐course amphotericin substantially increased CSF clearance and 10‐week survival. Adjunctive sertraline improved 2‐week CSF fungal clearance but did not improve 10‐week mortality compared with published data using fluconazole 1200 mg/day monotherapy (early fungicidal activity 0.15 log10 CFU/mL/day).
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria crosstalk: from junction to function across neurological disorders
Authors: Veeresh Pabbala , Kaur Harpreet , Sarmah Deepaneeta , Mounica Leela , Verma Geetesh , Kotian Vignesh , Kesharwani Radhika , Kalia Kiran , Borah Anupom , Wang Xin , Dave Kunjan R. , Rodriguez Anne‐Marie , Yavagal Dileep R. , Bhattacharya Pallab
Published: August 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are fundamental organelles highly interconnected with a specialized set of proteins in cells. ER–mitochondrial interconnections form specific microdomains, called mitochondria‐associated ER membranes, that have been found to play important roles in calcium signaling and lipid homeostasis, and more recently in mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation, and autophagy. It is not surprising that perturbations in ER–mitochondria connections can result in the progression of disease, especially neurological disorders; hence, their architecture and regulation are crucial in determining the fate of cells and disease. The molecular identity of the specialized proteins regulating ER–mitochondrial crosstalk remains unclear. Our discussion here describes the physical and functional crosstalk between these two dynamic organelles and emphasizes the outcome of altered ER–mitochondrial interconnections in neurological disorders.
Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: Inflammatory response in orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Santamaria‐Jr Milton , Bagne Leonardo , Zaniboni Ewerton , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Felonato Maíra , dos Santos Gláucia Maria Tech , Mendonça Fernanda Aparecida Sampaio , Esquisatto Marcelo Augusto Marretto
Published: August 2019

Objectives

This study evaluated, in experimental model, the inflammatory alterations in gingival tissue and alveolar bone during the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in diabetes mellitus (D) and periodontitis (P).

Setting and Sample Population

Forty male Wistar rats, 90 days old and weighing 300 g.

Materials and Methods

The sample was divided into four groups (n = 10). OTM: orthodontic movement (10 days, 0.4 N force); P + OTM: periodontitis (ligature‐induced periodontitis, 3‐0 silk suture thread) and orthodontic movement; D + OTM: diabetes (Alloxan‐induced diabetes, 150 mg/kg) and orthodontic movement; and D + P + OTM: diabetes, periodontitis and orthodontic movement. Tooth displacement was measured; fibroblast, inflammatory cells, osteoclast and blood vessels were quantified by histomorphometric analysis. Inflammatory markers, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) were quantified by ELISA (Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay) in gingival tissue. The fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured via Western blotting in the alveolar bone. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test at a 5% significance level.

Results

The quantification of inflammatory cells and the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, TGF‐β1 and bFGF were increased in diabetes and periodontitis. However, the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels and the percentage of birefringent collagen fibres were higher in healthy animals. There was greater tooth displacement in the OTM group.

Conclusion

Diabetes Mellitus modifies the inflammatory response. The increased expression of inflammatory markers IL‐6, TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 in diabetic animals impairs neovasculogenesis and tissue reorganization during orthodontic tooth movement, which may be aggravated by periodontitis.
Modified Broström Repair With and Without Augmentation Using Suture Tape for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Xu Ding‐Li , Gan Kai‐Feng , Li Hao‐Jie , Zhou Shu‐Yi , Lou Zhen‐Qi , Wang Yang , Li Guo‐Qin , Ruan Chao‐Yue , Hu Xu‐dong , Chen Yun‐Lin , Ma Wei‐Hu
Published: August 2019

Objective

To compare the clinical and radiological outcome between the modified Broström repair with augmentation using suture tape (MBA) and the modified Broström repair (MB) for patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in Ningbo No. 6 Hospital. The study included 53 patients who underwent surgical treatment from March 2014 to July 2016 and were followed for 2 years. A total of 25 patients underwent modified Broström repair with augmentation using suture tape, and 28 patients were treated with modified Broström repair. Patients were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Scale (AOFAS) hindfoot scale, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) score, range of motion (ROM), and the visual analogue scale (VAS). The talar tilt angle (TTA) and anterior talar translation (ATT) were used to evaluate the mechanical stability. All radiological outcomes were measured by two orthopaedic surgeons, with the measurements repeated 3 days later.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 26.6 ± 17.8 years in the MBA group and 28.1 ± 19.4 years in the MB group, and no statistical difference in preoperative data was found between two groups. There were significant differences before and after the operation within the groups. Both groups achieved satisfactory outcomes, and significant improvements (VAS, FAAM, AOFAS, TTA, and ATT) were observed between the 1‐year follow‐up and final follow‐up (P < 0.05). The MBA group showed significant improvement in the FAAM Sport (87.1 ± 5.4 vs 78.2 ± 12.0, P = 0.001) and total scores (93.1 ± 2.3 vs 90.5 ± 5.1, P = 0.027) at the final follow‐up compared with the MB group, and for the other outcomes, there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

The modified Broström repair with augmentation using suture tap for chronic lateral ankle instability achieves a better outcome; however, further research is necessary.
Using a quality improvement model to enhance community/public health nursing education
Authors: Joyce Barbara L. , Harmon Monica J. , Johnson Regina (Gina) H. , Hicks Vicki , Brown‐Schott Nancy , Pilling Lucille B.
Published: August 2019

Background

Population‐focused practice is an essential component of baccalaureate nursing education.

The specialty of community/public health nursing (C/PHN) emphasizes prevention and focuses on the multiple determinants of health to improve population health outcomes. This project addressed two problems. How to: (a) Standardize C/PHN education by utilizing a set of competencies, and (b) Evaluate learning outcomes after using the competencies.

Method

As collaborative team applied community/public health competencies to nursing education using the Omaha System and the four phases of the Quality Improvement Model (QIM) and to enhance C/PHN education.

Results

The QIM focused on team‐based participation with mutual learning and engagement for both students and faculty. Logical thinking and continuous assessment improves the teaching process and prepares students to work in multiple health care environments.

Conclusions

Systematic quality improvement enhances population‐focused care by providing a foundation for the integration of education and practice.
The Impact of Sunlight on Adventitious Buying and Giving
Authors: Diffey Brian
Published: August 2019

The impact of sunlight on the income derived from spending and donations in a coastal charitable facility is examined. Data consisted of income during 2017 and 2018, together with daily sunshine hours and apparent temperature, and a multiple linear regression model was employed to determine the importance of these meteorological variables on income. Results indicated that income increased with both increasing sunshine hours and apparent temperature, but with an interaction effect (negative coefficient) between sunlight and apparent temperature such that the effect of sunlight on income is positive at lower apparent temperatures and negative at higher apparent temperatures. So, besides its many direct and indirect effects on man, it appears that sunlight also acts as a positive driver in adventitious giving and buying.
Wavelength‐ and Tissue‐dependent Variations in the Mutagenicity of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers in Mouse Skin
Authors: Ikehata Hironobu , Mori Toshio , Kamei Yasuhiro , Douki Thierry , Cadet Jean , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: August 2019

The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is a main mutagenic photolesion in DNA produced by UVR. We previously studied the wavelength‐dependent kinetics of mutation induction efficiency using monochromatic UVR sources and transgenic mice developed for mutation assay and established the action spectra of UVR mutagenicity in the mouse epidermis and dermis. Here, we further established the action spectra of CPD and pyrimidine(6‐4)pyrimidone photoproduct formation in the same tissues and in naked DNA using the same sources and mouse strain. Quantitative ELISA helped us estimate the photolesion formation efficiencies on a molecule‐per‐nucleotide basis. Using these action spectra, we confirmed that the UVR mutation mostly depends on CPD formation. Moreover, the mutagenicity of a CPD molecule (CPD mutagenicity) was found to vary by wavelength, peaking at approximately 313 nm in both the epidermis and dermis with similar wavelength‐dependent patterns. Thus, the CPD formation efficiency is a main determinant of UVR mutagenicity in mouse skin, whereas a wavelength‐dependent variation in the qualitative characteristics of CPD molecules also affects the mutagenic consequences of UVR insults. In addition, the CPD mutagenicity was always higher in the epidermis than in the dermis, suggesting different cellular responses to UVR between the two tissues irrespective of the wavelength.
Socialization, Rationality, and Age: Generational Gaps and the Attitudes toward the Chechen War in Russia
Authors: Shaykhutdinov Renat
Published: August 2019

In this article, I focus on the factor of age as a determinant of individual support for the use of force by the government. I argue that socialization theory, as a key conceptual frame, should be supplemented by rational choice explanations for understanding individual preferences more fully. Employing survey data on the Chechen conflict, I investigate generational gaps in Russia regarding the government's use of force, and the form those gaps take. Empirically, I substantiate a theoretical claim that several generations exist in Russia, each with its own attitudes and beliefs, including the so‐called “second edition of the Decembrists,” “the people of the ‘60s,” “the people of the ‘70s,” “the generation of perestroika,” “the disappointed generation,” and a “lost generation/mega‐consumers.” I find strong, albeit surprising, evidence of a generational gap in Russia, with respondents born in different time periods, especially “the ‘60s people” and “mega‐consumers” expressing variable attitudes toward the Chechnya conflict.

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Brader, Ted A., and Joshua A. Tucker. 2009. “What's Left Behind When the Party's Over: Survey Experiments on the Effects of Partisan Cues in Putin's Russia.” Politics & Policy 37 (4): 843‐868. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00201.x

Smyth, Regina. 2014. “The Putin Factor: Personalism, Protest, and Regime Stability in Russia.” Politics & Policy 42 (4): 567‐592. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12080

Stegmaier, Mary A., and Gwyn Erb. 2008. “Gender and Generation Gaps in Russian Economic Values during the Yeltsin Years.” Politics & Policy 33 (3): 416‐443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2005.tb00802.x
Static and Dynamic Models of Retrospective Voting: A Clarification and Application to the Individual Level
Authors: Stiers Dieter
Published: August 2019

This study draws attention to an important distinction between different types of models in the field of retrospective voting, namely static and dynamic models. Both types of models are often used interchangeably, but their interpretation and implications are fundamentally different. Furthermore, while both types have been used in aggregate‐level studies, so far, most studies on the individual level rely on static models. However, there is a specific research interest in individual‐level dynamic models. This article introduces the dynamic model at the individual level, and discusses its methodological advantages and disadvantages. It concludes with an empirical application, indicating how different model specifications lead to a different interpretation of model coefficients, and the applicability of previous research findings on the individual level.

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Dyck, Joshua, and Annika Hagley. 2012. “Political Geography, Direct Democracy, and the Reasoning Voter: Spatial Proximity, Symbolic Politics, and Voting on California's Proposition 83.” Politics & Policy 40 (2): 195‐220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00346.x

Nielson, Lindsay. 2017. “Ranked Choice Voting and Attitudes toward Democracy in the United States: Results from a Survey Experiment.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 535‐570. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12212

Stegmaier, Mary, and Michael S. Lewis‐Beck. 2009. “Learning the Economic Vote: Hungarian Forecasts, 1998‐2010.” Politics & Policy 37 (4): 769‐780. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00197.x
Automated image processing framework for analysis of the density of fruiting bodies of Leptosphaeria maculans on oilseed rape stems
Authors: Bousset L. , Palerme M. , Leclerc M. , Parisey N.
Published: August 2019

Understanding the transmission of plant pathogen inoculum during the periods when the host plants are not present is crucial for predicting the initiation of epidemics and optimizing mitigation strategies. However, inoculum production at the end of the cropping season, survival during the intercrop period, and the emergence or release of inoculum can be highly variable, difficult to assess, and generally inferred indirectly from symptom data. As a result, a lack of large datasets hampers the study of these epidemiological processes. Here, inoculum production was studied in Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of phoma stem canker of oilseed rape. The fungus survives on stubble left in the field, from which ascospores are released at the beginning of the next cropping season. An image processing framework was developed to estimate the density of fruiting bodies produced on stem pieces following incubation in field conditions, and a quality assessment of the processing chain was performed. A total of 2540 standardized RGB digital images of stems were then analysed, collected from 27 oilseed rape fields in Brittany over four cropping seasons. Manual post‐processing removed 16% of the pictures, e.g. when moisture‐induced darkening of the oilseed rape stems caused overestimation of the area covered with fruiting bodies. The potential level of inoculum increased with increasing phoma stem canker severity at harvest, and depended on the source field and the cropping season. This work shows how image‐based phenotyping generates high‐throughput disease data, opening up the prospect of substantially increased precision in epidemiological studies.
Explaining Advocacy Coalition Change with Policy Feedback
Authors: Schmid Nicolas , Sewerin Sebastian , Schmidt Tobias S.
Published: August 2019

Despite the prominence of exogenous factors in theories of policy change, the precise mechanisms that link such factors to policy change remain elusive: The effects of exogenous factors on the politics underlying policy change are not sufficiently conceptualized and empirically analyzed. To address this gap, we propose to distinguish between truly exogenous factors and policy outcomes to better understand policy change. Specifically, we combine the Advocacy Coalition Framework with policy feedback theory to conceptualize a complete feedback loop among policy, policy outcomes, and subsequent politics. Aiming at theory‐building, we use policy feedback mechanisms to explain why advocacy coalitions change over time. Empirically, we conduct a longitudinal single case study on policy‐induced technological change in the German energy subsystem, an extreme case of policy outcomes, from 1983 to 2013. First, using discourse network analysis, we identify four patterns of actor movements, explaining coalition decline and growth. Second, using process tracing, we detect four policy feedback mechanisms explaining these four actor movements. With this inductive mixed‐methods approach, we build a conceptual framework in which policy outcomes affect subsequent politics through feedback mechanisms. We develop propositions on how coalition change and feedback mechanisms explain four ideal‐typical trajectories of policy change.
Having your cake and eating it too: Flexibility and power with mass univariate statistics for ERP data
Authors: Fields Eric C. , Kuperberg Gina R.
Published: August 2019

ERP studies produce large spatiotemporal data sets. These rich data sets are key to enabling us to understand cognitive and neural processes. However, they also present a massive multiple comparisons problem, potentially leading to a large number of studies with false positive effects (a high Type I error rate). Standard approaches to ERP statistical analysis, which average over time windows and regions of interest, do not always control for Type I error, and their inflexibility can lead to low power to detect true effects. Mass univariate approaches offer an alternative analytic method. However, they have thus far been viewed as appropriate primarily for exploratory statistical analysis and only applicable to simple designs. Here, we present new simulation studies showing that permutation‐based mass univariate tests can be employed with complex factorial designs. Most importantly, we show that mass univariate approaches provide slightly greater power than traditional spatiotemporal averaging approaches when strong a priori time windows and spatial regions are used. Moreover, their power decreases only modestly when more exploratory spatiotemporal parameters are used. We argue that mass univariate approaches are preferable to traditional spatiotemporal averaging analysis approaches for many ERP studies.
Fluid escape features as relevant players in the enhancement of seafloor stability?
Authors: Riboulot Vincent , Imbert Patrice , Cattaneo Antonio , Voisset Michel
Published: August 2019

Fluid migration within the sedimentary column contributes significantly to slope failure and pockmark formation and can be an effective triggering mechanism to generate submarine landslides. Pockmarks are thus commonly listed among geohazards. Contrary to these accepted notions, we propose here an alternative view of pockmarks with an example from the Eastern Niger Submarine Delta: Pockmarks and associated chimneys may increase or modify the shear strength of sedimentary layers and locally enhance seafloor stability. The analysis of two 3D seismic volumes shows that a landslide deposit divides into two branches around a cluster of three pockmark chimneys, interpreted to impede its further development. The morphological characteristics of a slide constrained by fluid seepage features show the potential role of fluid escape in marine sediment strengthening.
Surface prefunctionalization of SiO2 to modify the etch per cycle during plasma-assisted atomic layer etching
Authors: Gasvoda Ryan J. , Verstappen Yuri G. P. , Wang Scott , Hudson Eric A. , Agarwal Sumit
Published: August 2019

The authors show that organic functionalization of an SiO2 surface can be used to controllably alter the etch per cycle during plasma-assisted atomic layer etching (ALE). The ALE process consisted of two half-cycles: CFx film deposition from a C4F8/Ar plasma and an Ar plasma activation step. The surface reactions, composition, as well as film thickness were monitored using in situ surface infrared spectroscopy combined with in situ four-wavelength ellipsometry. The SiO2 surface was prefunctionalized with bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane, which reacted with surface —SiOH groups in a self-limiting heterogeneous gas-solid reaction. After this reaction, the SiO2 surface was functionalized with Si—CH3 groups. ALE was performed on both as-deposited and functionalized SiO2 surfaces. Analysis of the infrared spectra after seven sequential ALE cycles on a bare SiO2 sample showed no accumulation of graphitic carbon on the SiO2 surface, and thickness measurements showed a net etch of ∼1.8 nm of SiO2. On the other hand, infrared spectra after seven sequential ALE cycles on the organically functionalized SiO2 surface clearly showed a buildup of graphitic hydrofluorocarbon on the surface. This graphitic hydrofluorocarbon film accumulated during each cycle, and after four cycles drastically reduced etching of SiO2 in later cycles. The overall etching of SiO2 after seven cycles was ∼1.0 nm. The infrared spectrum of this accumulation layer also shows intense Si—O—C and SiFx (x = 1, 2, 3) stretching vibrations, but CFx deposition on bare SiO2 shows weak intensity for the same features. Detailed analysis shows that the interface between CFx and SiO2 is atomically abrupt during ALE of bare SiO2 but has a high degree of mixing and covalent bonding in the etch-inhibiting graphitic fluorocarbon film that forms on the —CH3 functionalized SiO2 surface.
Growth of Nb3Sn coating in tin vapor-diffusion process
Authors: Pudasaini Uttar , Eremeev Grigory V. , Angle Jonathan W. , Tuggle Jay , Reece Charles E. , Kelley Michael J.
Published: August 2019

The potential of Nb3Sn for superconducting radio frequency cavities is widely recognized, and renewed R&D efforts continue to bring new insights about the material's structure and properties. We have systematically coated niobium samples with Nb3Sn for different durations. Several samples were coated over (“overcoat”) multiple times to elucidate the growth kinetics of Nb3Sn during the tin vapor-diffusion process. Analysis of coated samples is consistent with the model in which tin diffuses via grain boundaries to the Nb3Sn-Nb interface, where the growth of Nb3Sn into the niobium bulk takes place. Similar scaling laws are found for Nb3Sn grain growth and layer thickness. Nonparabolic layer growth is consistent with significant grain growth, which reduces the number of Sn transport channels. An examination of patchy regions in Nb3Sn coating, revealing large single-crystalline grains, points to impeded Nb3Sn layer growth due to low grain boundary density, resulting in a significantly thinner coating in those areas.