bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Thermally Expanded Graphite for Rehabilitation of Oil-Polluted Water Ecosystems
Authors: Sultigova Z.H. , Temirkhanov B.A. , Archakova R.D.
Published: July 2021

The properties of sorbent on the basis of thermoexplite (STRG) obtained from the engineering center of IngSU "Development of modified sorbation materials" have been investigated. This sorbent is proposed to be used in the elimination of oil spills and products of its processing from the water surface. The porosity of the STGR was analyzed using a mercury porosimeter Pascal 140 and 240 Evo. It is shown that the investigated sample is a volumetric porous tool with a specific pore volume of 35.5 cm3/g. It is found that the available porosity is more than 97.2%. The pore size distribution was studied. Based on the data of the porous system, research on the sorption of oil and oil products by this sorbent. Shown is the high efficiency of STRG in cleaning the water mirror from oil and oil products. The main properties of oil sorbents have been investigated.
Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Efficiency of Waste Management Systems in St. Petersburg and Finland
Authors: Ventsyulis L.S. , Pimenov A.N. , Chusov A.N. , Shibanova T.V.
Published: July 2021

The state of the waste management system in St. Petersburg and Finland over the past 25 years is considered. It is shown that over the years, the system of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in St. Petersburg has not fundamentally changed. The bulk of waste - 88% is taken to landfills, and 12% is processed into compost. In Finland, over the years, the MSW management system has changed significantly: the amount of waste disposed of at the landfill has decreased by 46 times, the amount of waste incinerated at incinerators has increased by 7 times; the amount of waste selected for secondary raw materials increased by 1.5 times. An assessment of environmental damage to municipal solid waste management systems showed that over the past 25 years, specific environmental damage for St. Petersburg increased 2.22 times, and for Finland decreased 18.07 times.
Resource-saving Technologies and Some Proposals for the Creation of Automated Reclamation Systems
Authors: Lamerdonov Z.G. , Khashirova T.Yu. , Zhaboev S.A. , Nastueva L.Zh. , Shogenov A.А. , Lamerdonov K.Z.
Published: July 2021

The results of experimental studies of the local subsurface irrigation method in comparison with drip irrigation carried out in the laboratory, which showed water savings due to a decrease in evaporation from the soil surface by 10–15 percent are presented. The method of irrigation in closed greenhouse farms using water with a high salt content is described. The paper proposes new patented schematic solutions for protecting plants from frost and pests, describes a multifunctional engineering and reclamation system capable of performing various operations depending on the emerging problems during the growing season.
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) TRANSMISSION IN IRAQ
Authors: Hussein Emad Kamil , Gaaz Tayser Sumer , Subhi Kussay Ahmed , Ghouali Samir , Guellil Mohammed Seghir
Published: July 2021

Purpose: As a result of a sudden spreading of an epidemic novel virus, scientifically named COVID-19, this paper has been done to present a contribution towards fighting this virus in Iraq. 

Methodology: This investigation is focusing on constructing an engineering mathematical model based on the Suspected, Infected, and Recovered model (SIR), given by Kermack and McKendrick. 

Main Findings: Iraqi people are facing and suffering from this COVID-19. Three governorates occupying the locally highest infection levels, plus the world's highest deaths to infected cases ratio of about 11%, are Baghdad, Sulaimani, and Karbala. 

Implications: It is showed that the Reproduction ratio R0)K is positive (greater than 1) in the three nominated zones, which means that the epidemic disease will keep spreading in a broad manner and depending on many specific factors. Many effective recommendations are presented to avoid spreading this novel virus via many techniques. 

Novelty: SIR model is used to assess epidemic levels in 3 zones.
Termopile po trzykroć
Authors: Olędzki Marek , Waszak Damian
Published: July 2021

Położone w Grecji Termopile stanowiły szczególny twór ukształtowany przez Naturę, który w dziejach wojen epoki antyku odegrał istotną i z niczym nieporównywalną rolę. Stanowiły one swoiste „ucho igielne” utrudniające wszelkiego rodzaju najeźdźcom przedostanie się do Grecji środkowej i południowej, tj. tam, gdzie znajdowały się jej najważniejsze pod względem politycznym i ekonomicznym centra. Przesądziło o tym ich ukształtowanie, w postaci wąskiego pasażu między stromymi górami Kallidromos a brzegiem morza, czy dokładniej Zatoki Malijskiej. Geomorfologiczne badania uczonych greckich wspomnianą sytuację jeszcze bardziej uszczegółowiły, udowodniając, że obok stromych gór znajdowało się rozległe bagnisko utworzone przez bijące powyżej ciepłe źródła siarkowe. Zatem wymienione bagno przesądziło o tym, że przejście przez Termopile było jeszcze węższe, w przybliżeniu około kilkudziesięciometrowe (ryc. 2). Rzeczone miejsce jest rezultatem rekonstrukcji, sytuacja obecna (ryc. 1), w niczym nie przypomina bowiem ukształtowania z czasów antycznych. Zasadniczą zmianę spowodowała działalność akumulacyjna pobliskiej rzeki Spercheios „odsuwając” brzeg zatoki o kilka kilometrów oraz przemiana dawnego bagniska w obecną tam dziś skałę trawertynu. W swojej pracy autorzy analizują trzy wielkie konflikty zbrojne, jakie się w Termopilach rozegrały, które to z kolei określają trzy istotne daty roczne: 480, 279, 191 p.n.e. Przyjęte kryterium wyboru dotyczyło epoki, w której się wydarzyły, a więc antyku, a jednocześnie aktywnego tła, jakie stanowiła natura miejsca, która w omawianych czasach nie uległa wspomnianym wyżej zmianom. Poza tym wszystkie trzy opisywane konflikty, ściśle powiązane z sytuacją geomorfologiczną Termopil, charakteryzuje przebieg o daleko idących podobieństwach. W pierwszej odsłonie omówiono najazd wojsk Kserksesa na Grecję w 480 r. i bohaterstwo „Trzystu” pod dowództwem Leonidasa. Jak wiadomo casus ten znalazł już stosowne miejsce w literaturze przedmiotu. Oryginalnym wkładem niżej podpisanych jest natomiast uwzględnienie nowo odkrytych okoliczności geomorfologicznych dotyczących Termopil, o których wspomniano wyżej. W dużym stopniu dotyczy to także pozostałych dwóch omawianych w artykule konfliktów, na nowo przez autorów zinterpretowanych, tj. najazdu Brennosa i hord celtyckich zamierzających się osiedlić na terenie Hellady (rok 279) oraz niefortunnych zmagań Antiocha III z Rzymianami w roku 191.
Antyczna armia przeciwko groźnym zwierzętom w "Panteonie sandomierskim"
Authors: Ptak Jan
Published: July 2021

W średniowiecznym manuskrypcie, zwanym Panteonem sandomierskim, wraz z dziełem Godfryda z Viterbo znajduje się apokryficzny list Aleksandra Wielkiego do Arystotelesa. Król macedoński opisuje w nim przygody, jakie przeżywał wraz ze swoją armią w czasie wyprawy do Indii. Wśród nich dużą część zajmują walki, które musiał toczyć wraz ze swymi ludźmi z napotykanymi tam groźnymi zwierzętami, atakującymi ich w czasie tej wędrówki. Były wśród nich hipopotamy, lwy, węże, dziki, wielkie myszy, nietoperze, skorpiony, raki, słonie, a także monstrualne stworzenia, z których jedno miało dwie głowy, inne na głowie trzy rogi, jeszcze inne – wystające z czoła ostre, zębate kości. Odpieranie ich ataków wymagało różnych sposobów i użycia broni, w którą macedońscy żołnierze byli wyposażeni. Opisy tych zmagań zostały w manuskrypcie zilustrowane barwionymi rysunkami. Król i jego podwładni zostali na nich przedstawieni zgodnie z XIV-wiecznymi realiami, natomiast wygląd zwierząt jest efektem wyobraźni rysownika. Ideowe treści tego dzieła są zbieżne z zasadami średniowiecznego rycerskiego etosu, który głosił potrzebę stawiania czoła siłom zła, symbolicznie uosabianym także przez groźne zwierzęta.
Walczący z depresją. Działania ofensywne Armii Czerwonej na Żuławach Wiślanych w 1945 roku
Authors: Gliniecki Tomasz
Published: July 2021

Ofensywa sowiecka z końca marca 1945 r. obejmowała część Żuław Wiślanych – zdobyto wówczas kompleks portowy Gdańska i Gdyni, jednak obrońcy wysadzili w powietrze system przeciwpowodziowy i zalali niektóre obszary delty Wisły, położone w depresji, uniemożliwiając Armii Czerwonej atak od zachodu. Ostatni obrońcy Gdańska wycofali się w rejon odcięty wodą. Po kilku dniach walk prowadzonych w kwietniu, duża część dowodzonej przez generała Iwana Fiediunińskiego 2 Armii Uderzeniowej została przeniesiona w inne obszary, a oddziały Wehrmachtu pozostały w ujściu Wisły i u podstawy Mierzei Wiślanej do ostatniego dnia wojny w Europie.
Rola amerykańskiej Gwardii Narodowej, wojska oraz sił NATO przed, w trakcie i po ustąpieniu huraganu Katrina
Authors: Derlatka Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

Na przełomie sierpnia i września 2005 r. amerykańskie mocarstwo okazało się bezradne wobec potęgi huraganu Katrina, który dokonał zniszczeń na obszarze 234 000 km² w 19 stanach. Katrina została nazwana największą katastrofą dla Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej, była lekcją pokory dla władz, udowodniła również, że należy być przygotowanym na każdą ewentualność, przewidywać możliwie dużo scenariuszy rozwoju wydarzeń przy każdym zidentyfikowanym zagrożeniu. Jedną z przyczyn poniesienia dużych strat ludzkich i materialnych był brak opracowanego i wdrożonego krajowego, ramowego planu reagowania kryzysowego, który by zakładał obowiązkową wcześniejszą ewakuację ludności i szybsze zaangażowanie służb oraz, jeśli to konieczne, wojska. W akcji ratowniczej w trakcie i po ustąpieniu huraganu Katrina uczestniczyło 72 000 żołnierzy, w tym aż 50 000 żołnierzy Gwardii Narodowej. Na pomoc ofiarom kataklizmu wysłano okręty wojenne, samoloty transportowe i helikoptery. Wojsko pomagało w rozdzielaniu żywności i lekarstw, w ewakuacji, w akcjach ratowniczych, transporcie darów i niezbędnych do życia środków. Operacje wojskowe prowadzone w odpowiedzi na huragan Katrina były wieloaspektowe. W fazie reagowania, która była prowadzona również po ustąpieniu huraganu, prowadzono operacje poszukiwawczo-ratownicze prowadzone głównie przez śmigłowce, ewakuację ludności przez naziemne środki transportu oraz operacje pomocy, w tym transport dostaw, usuwanie śmieci, przywrócenie krytycznych sieci transportowych i komunikacyjnych, a także operacje poszukiwania i ratowania. Skala zniszczeń podczas huraganu Katrina spowodowała też konieczność wykorzystania wsparcia NATO.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Mycelial Growth of Cercospora canescens
Authors:   Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan – 303329, India, Kumar Naresh
Published: July 2021

The relative humidity studies revealed that maximum mycelial of fungus was observed at 90 per cent relative humidity (89.00 mm), which was followed by 100 per cent (86.30 mm). The least mycelia growth was observed at 50 per cent (45.30 mm). A significant decrease in mycelium growth was observed at 80, 70 and 60 per cent (80.40 mm, 70.20 mm and 57.00 mm) humidity level, respectively. Each fungus has its relative humidity range for the growth.
Stability analysis for quality traits in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L. Moench)
Authors:   Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, RRS Bawal, Haryana - 123501, Dehinwal A. K.
Published: July 2021

The study involved the stability analysis of the parents and hybrids, using line x tester mating design. Twenty four hybrids along with their ten parents and checks ((SSG 59-3 and MFSH 4)) were evaluated at two locations with two dates of sowing (Early and late sowing) during the kharif season of 2015-16 for quality traits. Data on different qualiitative characters at first cut (55 days after sowing) and second cut (45 days after first cut) were recorded. Stable hybrids are desirable for commercial exploitation over a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. It is clear that mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the characters were highly significant when tested against pooled deviation, which revealed that the hybrids had significant differences in response to varying environmental conditions. Five hybrids were found to have both bi and ¯Sdi2 significant, indicating the presence of both linear and non-linear components of G × E interaction for protein content. Hybrids 56A × IS 2389 was found stable, average responsive and suitable for all the test environments for IVDMD. The cross combination of 14A × HJ 513, 31A × HJ 541 and 14A × IS 2389 were found stable, average responsive and suitable for all the test environments for HCN content. On the otherhand, hybrids 465A × G 46 and 465A × IS 2389 and parent G 46 were found highly responsive and suitable for the favourable environments. Therefore, these hybrids can be utilized in further genetic study in future in plant breeding.
Varietal Evaluation, Calyces Yield and Jam Preparation from Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L.)
Authors:   Sam Higginbottom University Of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences Prayagraj -211007, Avela B. Sujana
Published: July 2021

Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L.) has been used in number of dishes, beverages and conventional remedy of diseases for centuries. It is popular for its edible fleshy calyces and leaves that are used for making salads, tea, juices, jams, jellies, icecreams and many other products. In many countries of the world fresh calyces of roselle are harvested to produce pro health drink due to its high vitamin C and anthocyanins contents. But in bangaladesh roselle leaves and calyces are used as vegetables and its fibre is used as jute substitute. Roselle is also famous for its high nutritional and medicinal values. Nutritional analysis of calyces of roselle showed that they are high in calcium, iron, niacin, and riboflavin. It is also a source of antioxidants, anthocyanins which acts as free radical scavengers and inhibit lipid per-oxidation. Roselle is a multipurpose crop and has great potential to increase the income of farmers, producers, processors by fetching high market price both from export and local market.
Impact of Seasonal Variation on Physico-Chemical Properties of Orchard Soil and their Relationship with Different Fruit Tree Species under Semiarid Irrigated Conditions
Authors:   CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar- 125004, Haryana, Kumar Dinesh
Published: July 2021

The chemical properties in the rhizosphere of fruit tree species were investigated during different season at CCS HAU, Hisar. Results revels that pH value, OC, N, P, K, Zn contents increased significantly with all the fruit orchards over control (uncultivated land). However, maximum pH, EC, OC, CN ratio, available N, P, K, Zn and Fe (8.30, 0.33 dS/m, 0.54 %, 11.63, 126.26 kg/ha, 32.24 kg/ha, 284.93 kg/ha, 2.10 ppm and 3.34 ppm) was found in aonla, sweet orange, jamun, jamun, guava, sweet orange, guava, ber and sweet orange, respectively. Highest EC, CEC, OC and available K were found in winter season but pH, EC, available N, Zn, Mn and B contents were recorded maximum in summer season.CN ratio and available P were maximum in rainy season. Inter row spaces soil had highest pH, CEC, CN ratio and Zn contents while maximum OC, Available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and B contents was observed under the canopy of fruit trees.
Professional Development of Mathematics Teacher: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rosli Roslinda , Aliwee Mohd Fareed
Published: July 2021

Implementing effective professional development (PD) programs can help teachers in developing their knowledge and skills to enhance students learning in the classroom. However, professional development (PD) programs conducted been seen as less helpful for teachers in developing their potential in teaching mathematics. Therefore, a systematic literature review was undertaken to report on the programs of professional development (PD) for mathematics teachers. This review aimed to explore the professional development (PD) programs for mathematics teacher and teacher components of an effective professional development (PD) in the empirical studies. This systematic review utilized 40 research articles from 2015 to 2020 as data from which such data were obtained from databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, and Springer. The findings show that the mathematics teacher professional development (PD) programs been used to give an impact on teacher attitudes and practices in terms of classroom teaching practices, student learning outcomes, and teacher knowledge and skills. In addition, teachers' factors for an effective professional development (PD) program can be classified into several parts: 1) motivation, 2) attitude, 3) commitment, and 4) self-efficacy. This study is essential to strengthening the competencies of mathematics teachers based on the best model of professional development in line with current educational needs.
Practices of online teaching, learning and assessment of the students of the BSc in EEE programme during the COVID-2019 pandemic
Authors: Bhuyan Muhibul Haque
Published: July 2021

Most of the educational institutions, from primary level to tertiary level, had to be closed when the coronavirus pandemic affected the world in 2020. Then, educators became concerned about the education of the students as they were completely relying and habituated on face-to-face teaching–learning processes. This paper reports on how the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering has faced that challenges in bringing the students to online classes as well as how they assessed and evaluated the students. A survey was conducted among the students who registered for the course with 14 survey questions. From the results, online classes are the best solution to the challenge; some students faced connectivity problems but it was concluded that the main purpose of teaching online is to continue the education process. Despite some challenges encountered, the teaching–learning process of the teachers and students was successful through this newly reformed system of education.

 

Keywords: Online assessment, online class, online teaching, online learning, COVID-19.
Japanese Food Offerings
Authors: Grapard Allan G.
Published: July 2021

Food offerings are one of the most interesting aspects of Shinto rituals. Some involve an enormous variety of foodstuff and constitute extraordinary examples of food preparation and presentation. Many of these offerings are based on ancient sources and are prepared according to protocols established at the imperial court in the Muromachi period, if not earlier. This article explores some features of Shinto food offerings, with special focus on the Upper and Lower Kamo Shrines, Iwashimizu Hachimangū shrine, and the Grand Shrines of Ise, and proposes some theoretical perspectives on how to study them from the perspectives of gift giving, sacrifice, and taboo.
Impact ofKCNJ11 rs5219,UCP2 rs659366, andMTHFR rs1801133 Polymorphisms on Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lapik Irina Alexandrovna , Ranjit Rajesh , Galchenko Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease. Its occurrence and prognosis are affected by many genes, including KCNJ11, UCP2, and MTHFR. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of various variants of these genes and evaluate their
contribution to the outcome of T2D.METHODS: 80 females with T2D and class I-II obesity in the age of 40-65 years old underwent a genetic study, a biochemical blood test, and indirect calorimetry.RESULTS: Carriers of C/T and T/T genotypes of the MTHFR gene had higher levels
of cholesterol and triglycerides and lower levels of vitamin B6 and folate. The T/T genotype of the UCP2 gene was associated with higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, pre- and postprandial glycemia and lipid oxidation rate, lower carbohydrate oxidation, and lower serum vitamin C levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Genotyping UCP2 and probably KCNJ11 may help to select the optimal antidiabetic therapy and improve disease prognosis, whereas the MTHFR gene may determine the need to monitor group B vitamin status and the risk of dyslipidemia.
Incidencia de la exoneración del IGV en los costos de producción y precio de venta de la leche cruda entera en el sector de ganaderos de Lima, 2019
Authors:   , Matías Arias Raúl José , Rodríguez Varas Melanie Belén
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo saber la incidencia de la exoneración del IGV de la leche cruda entera en los costos de producción y precio de venta de las empresas del sector ganadero lechero de Lima, año 2019. Para ello se ha dividido la investigación en 5 capítulos. En el capítulo I se encuentra el marco teórico, que nos permite conocer las opiniones y posturas de diversos autores y expertos en el tema que nos proporciona la base teórica de la investigación. En el capítulo II, tenemos el plan de investigación donde se detalla el problema principal, la justificación, los objetivos e hipótesis generales y específicas que se validan en el presente trabajo. En el capítulo III, se presenta la metodología de la investigación, también se define la muestra y los instrumentos a utilizar de acuerdo a la metodología elegida. En el capítulo IV, se realiza el caso práctico que busca mejorar la comprensión del tema, mostrando la realidad de una empresa que goza del beneficio de la exoneración. Asimismo, se desarrolla y presenta los resultados obtenidos de los instrumentos elegidos según la metodología empleada, en el caso de la presente investigación, las entrevistas a profundidad y las encuestas. Finalmente, en el capítulo V, se analiza los resultados obtenidos de los instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos utilizados, así como del caso práctico, con la finalidad de concluir con la validación de las hipótesis presentadas y establecer recomendaciones a las empresas del sector.
La formación docente en la atención de niños con Altas Capacidades
Authors:   , Weisson Hidalgo Ingrid María
Published: July 2021

El aula es un espacio en el que la diversidad de los estudiantes aflora. Los educadores son los responsables de brindar respuestas y atención a todas aquellas individualidades, no solo a los estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje sino también a los que poseen altas capacidades. Por lo tanto, es importante que los docentes reciban conocimientos sobre la formación de niños con altas capacidades en su formación profesional. En ese sentido, el principal objetivo de esta tesis es describir las percepciones de un grupo de diez estudiantes de último año de la carrera de Educación sobre su formación en altas capacidades a lo largo de su carrera universitaria. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se ha trabajado con la metodología fenomenológica, la cual nos permite realizar un análisis descriptivo de las percepciones de las estudiantes entrevistadas. Los resultados de este estudio apuntaron a un desconocimiento sobre el tema de altas capacidades por parte de las estudiantes, durante su formación docente en la carrera de Educación.  En consecuencia, se recomienda se integre en los talleres de Educación en la Diversidad y/o Evaluación de Necesidades Educativas un plan de enriquecimiento curricular sobre el tema de Altas capacidades en pro de la formación integral del Docente.
The Political Economy of the Maize Value Chain in Nigeria
Authors: Amaza Paul , Mailumo Sunday , Silong Asenath
Published: July 2021

The aim of this case study is to understand the underlying political economy dynamics of the maize value chain in Nigeria, with a focus on how this can contribute to comprehending the drivers and constraints of agricultural commercialisation. The study is informed by theories of political settlements, rents, and policy processes. It asks questions around (1) the key actors and interests: who participates and how do they benefit? (2) Rules and policies: who makes the rules, and who wins and loses? And (3), what are the implications across different social groups?
Covid-19, Gender and Intersectionality
Authors: Birchall Jenny
Published: July 2021

This document lists and summarises published resources on Covid-19, gender and intersectionality. It includes evidence, news, tools and guidance about how various factors – including race, ethnicity, age, disability, sexuality, socioeconomic group and immigration status – interact with gender to create different experiences and inequalities around Covid-19.
The impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, Drackley James K. , Reynolds Christopher K. ,   University of Reading, UK
Published: July 2021

This chapter examines the impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production. It starts by discussing the relation between greenhouse gases and dairy production, highlighting how important it is to the dairy sector to find ways of decreasing greenhouse gas output. The chapter then moves on to discuss the origins of methane and reactive nitrogen excretions in ruminants. A section on improving feed conversion efficiency is also included, which is then followed by a review of the nutritional practices that can be used to enhance feed conversion efficiency and decrease methane excretion. The chapter also examines the nutritional practices that can be used to increase milk protein efficiency and nitrous oxide excretion as well. Discussions on genetics and feed conversion efficiency and postabsorptive metabolism and feed conversion efficiency are also provided.
Key issues in dairy herd health management
Authors:   University of Nottingham, UK, Remnant John , Breen James ,   University of Nottingham, UK, Down Peter ,   University of Nottingham, UK, Hudson Chris ,   University of Nottingham, UK, Green Martin ,   University of Nottingham, UK
Published: July 2021

Dairy herd health management benefits dairy farmers, the environment, dairy cows and citizens. It is an important part of modern dairy farm veterinary care. Dairy herd health management is assessing, monitoring and improving the health of dairy cows at a population level. Good herd health management takes a holistic approach and is ongoing and cyclical. All members of the dairy farm team and their advisors are involved, decisions are informed by data generated by the herd. These data may come from numerous sources. The data are processed and analysed to monitor cow health, target investigations and evaluate progress. To make lasting change on farms, advisors must communicate appropriately with farm managers to understand behaviour and motivate change. This chapter reviews these aspects of dairy herd health management, giving practical suggestions on how to get started, how to incorporate herd health management into business models and how to maintain momentum.
Advances in techniques for health monitoring/disease detection in dairy cattle
Authors:   University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria, Iwersen Michael , Drillich Marc ,   University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
Published: July 2021

Livestock production has been characterized by the intensification and specialization of production leading to larger farms and, hence, to fewer farmers per animal. Thus, the animal-to-stockman ratio is increasing and the available time for monitoring an individual animal is reducing. In the same time period, the focus in the veterinary profession has shifted from treatment of acutely diseased animals to more proactive management, which includes the use of epidemiological tools to identify risk factors for animal health, welfare and production. As part of a modern herd management, reliable data on animal health are provided e.g. by routine and standardized testing of animals for the presence of disease. For this, traditional and increasingly sophisticated diagnostic tools are available. Recently, farmers have increasingly been using sensor technologies, allowing continuous and automated health monitoring of livestock. This aims in establishing an early warning system to optimize herd health management and fostering decision making.
Dairy cattle welfare and health: an intimate partnership
Authors:   Curtin University Sustainable Policy (CUSP) Institute, Australia, Phillips Clive
Published: July 2021

This chapter discusses the intimate partnership between dairy cattle welfare and health. It begins by examining the welfare implications of common dairy cow diseases such as lameness, mastitis, metritis, acidosis, ketosis and other production-related diseases. It also addresses the impact of subclinical diseases as well. Stress and immune function is also discussed, followed by a review of how mental health can impact the welfare of dairy cattle. A case study on the health and welfare of cows in Indian shelters is also included.
Managing calves/youngstock to optimise dairy herd health
Authors:   Teagasc, Ireland, Mee John F.
Published: July 2021

This chapter demonstrates that youngstock management can play a critical role in optimising dairy herd health. While the immediate impact of better calf management is visible to farmers in better youngstock health and growth, the long-term benefits in dairy herd productivity and survival need to be emphasised more by veterinarians and agricultural advisers. The most consistently reported management factors associated with reduced age at first calving (AFC), higher milk production and longer survival were feeding a larger volume of colostrum, offering a higher liquid feed volume preweaning, offering a higher solids milk replacer, offering whole milk and a higher average daily gain. The three health disorders most frequently associated with increased AFC, lower milk production and shorter survival were dystocia, calf diarrhoea and respiratory disease. These results have implications for producer perception and management of calfhood nutrition and health hazards and veterinary communication on calfhood disease sequelae with lag dynamics.
ANALISIS RESPON SISWA TERHADAP MEDIA ANIMASI POWERPOINT POKOK BAHASAN KALOR
Authors: Efendi Devi Nanda , Supriadi Bambang , Nuraini Lailatul
Published: July 2021

Online learning is one form of adaptation in the field of education to face of the covid 19 pendemic. Existing technology continues to be developed for both online meeting needs and digital learning media that is suitable to support distance learning systems. One of the lesson that is considered to be lacking in utilizing digital learning media is physics. The purpose of this research was to describe student’s response to the powerpoint animation media of the heat lesson in physics. The research method used as descriptive. The respondents of this research were students of grade XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Tanggul consisting of 32 students. This research uses data retrieval techniques through student response questionnaires consisting of aspects of operation/use of media and usage reactions. The results of the students’ response analysis to the use of powerpoint animation media amounted to 81,33% with details on each aspect was 81,41% on the aspect of media use and by 81,25% on the aspect of usage reaction. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be stated that the powerpoint animation media of the subject of heat received a very positive response from the respondents.
Status dan Kedudukan Techplomacy dalam Hukum Internasional (Studi Terhadap TechAmbassador Negara Denmark)
Authors: Hamyda Mahfyra Shalsabella
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe world continues to develop, supported by unstoppable technological developments. Technology companies are taking an important role in significant technological developments. However, behind the technological developments pioneered by these technology companies, it is not balanced with the formation of fast and appropriate regulations. Until now, there is still a clear gap between the state government and technology companies. To solve this problem, Denmark became the first country to do techplomacy, represented by a TechAmbassador who in carrying out their duties using the global mandate method. TechAmbassador is in charge of bridging the government and technology companies. Techplomacy is the responsibility of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in practice still uses the traditional diplomacy style. There are similarities and differences between techplomacy and diplomacy stipulated in the Vienna Convention 1961. Keywords: Diplomacy; Techplomacy; TechAmbassador; Vienna Convention 1961.AbstrakDunia terus berkembang didukung oleh perkembangan teknologi yang tidak dapat dibendung. Perusahaan teknologi mengambil peran penting dalam perkembangan teknologi yang signifikan. Namun, dibalik perkembanga teknologi yang dipelopori oleh perusahaan teknologi tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan pembentukan regulasi yang cepat dan sesuai. Hingga sampai sekarang, masih terlihat jelas jarak antara pemerintah negara dengan perusahaan teknologi. Untuk menyelesaikan persoalan tersebut, Denmark menjadi negara pertama yang melakukan techplomacy dengan diwakili dengan seorang TechAmbassador yang dalam melakukan tugasnya menggunakan cara mandate global. TechAmbassador bertugas untuk menjembatani antara pemerintah dengan perusahaan teknologi. Techplomacy menjadi tanggung jawab Kementerian Luar Negeri Denmark dan dalam praktiknya masih menggunakan gaya diplomasi tradisional. Ada persamaan dan perbedaan antara techplomacy dengan diplomasi yang diatur dalam Konvensi Wina 1961. Kata Kunci: Diplomasi; Techplomacy; TechAmbassador; Konvensi Wina 1961.
Investasi Modal Ventura Asing Kepada Start-Up Company (Perusahaan Rintisan) di Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Melly Moraito Trianita
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to identify the position of foreign venture capital companies in Indonesia and to identify investment activities that occur between foreign venture capital companies and domestic start-ups. A venture capital company in Indonesia is one of the financing institutions. The development of the technology-based company industry or commonly known as start-up can not be separated from the role of foreign venture capital.There are different regulation enacted to foreign venture capital and domestic venture capital. One of the most striking features is the requirement for domestic venture capital to divest after ten years of investment. This study conclude that foreign venture capital investing in Indonesia considered as foreign direct investment. Therefore, all rules relating to direct investment are applied to foreign venture capital companies.Keywords: Iventure Capital; Foreign Venture Capital; Foreign Investment; Start-up Company.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kedudukan perusahaan modal ventura asing di Indonesia serta untuk mengidentifikasi kegiatan investasi yang terjadi antara perusahaan modal ventura asing dengan perusahaan rintisan (start-up) dalam negeri. Perusahaan modal ventura di Indonesia merupakan salah satu lembaga pembiayaan. Perkembangan industri perusahaan berbasis teknologi atau yang biasa dikenal dengan istilah start-up tidak luput dari peran perusahaan modal ventura asing sebagai investor. Terdapat perbedaan pengaturan yang diterapkan pada perusahaan modal ventura dalam negeri dengan perusahaan modal ventura asing. Salah satu yang paling mencolok adalah keharusan bagi perusahaan modal ventura dalam negeri untuk melakukan divestasi setelah berinvestasi dalam jangka waktu sepuluh tahun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perusahaan modal ventura asing yang berinvestasi di Indonesia termasuk dalam penanaman modal asing. Sehingga, semua aturan yang berkaitan dengan penanaman modal secara langsung berlaku bagi perusahaan modal ventura asing.Kata Kunci: Perusahaan Modal Ventura; Perusahaan Modal Ventura Asing; Investasi Asing; Perusahaan Rintisan.
Fungsi Justice Collaborators Terhadap Kejahatan Terorganisasi Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Soviana Silvania
Published: July 2021

AbstractIllicit drug trafficking is one of the criminal acts that has never subsided in Indonesia because the negative impact is so great and dangerous. As one of the law enforcement officers, the police certainly take part in efforts to eradicate illicit drug trafficking. In carrying out combating organized crime in illicit drug trafficking, the police assume the role of investigator as well as investigator. In carrying out the eradication of organized crime in illicit drug trafficking, the investigator does not merely disclose the crime alone. Investigators are assisted by collaborating witnesses called justice collaborators. The function of the justice collaborators who work together in assisting investigators, donating assistance in the form of providing information, reports, and / or testimonies related to further information about narcotic crimes. The justice collaborators also get legal protection guaranteed by law. Keywords: Illicit Drug Trafficking; Justice Collaborator; Organized Crime.AbstrakTindak pidana Narkotika ialah salah satu dari tindak pidana yang tidak pernah surut eksistensinya di negara Indonesia karena dampak negatif yang disebabkan begitu besar dan membahayakan. Sebagai salah satu aparat penegak hukum, Polisi tentu turut andil dalam upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana Narkotika. Dalam melakukan pemberantasan kejahatan terorganisasi tindak pidana narkotika, Polisi mengemban peran sebagai penyelidik sekaligus penyidik. Dalam melakukan pemberantasan kejahatan teroganisasi tindak pidana narkotika, penyidik tidak semata-mata melakukan pengungkapan tindak pidana tersebut sendirian. Penyidik dibantu oleh saksi pelaku yang bekerjasama yang disebut justice collaborator. Adanya fungsi dari saksi pelaku yang bekerja sama dalam membantu penyidik, menyumbangkan bantuan berupa pemberian informasi, laporan, dan/atau kesaksian terkait keterangan lebih lanjut mengenai tindak pidana narkotika. Saksi yang bekerja sama juga mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang dijamin oleh undang-undang.Kata Kunci: Kejahatan Terorganisasi; Saksi Yang Bekerja Sama; Tindak Pidana Narkotika.
EFFECTS OF LOW DOSE EXPOSURE OF BORAX FOR 8 WEEKS ON GASTRIC ULCER FORMATION
Authors: Faza Audi Salman , Dewanti Linda , Qurnianingsih Ema
Published: July 2021

Background: Borax, a carcinogenic toxicant, is illegally used as food additives frequently. Previous researches shown that high dose of borax exposure (300 mg/kg of BW) caused gastric ulcer, but low dose of borax, as found as usual dose in food, has not been frequently researched. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of low dose of borax for 8 weeks on the formation of gastric ulcer. Materials and Methods: Twenty four young adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 4 groups (Control, Group 1, 2, and 3). Borax doses of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg were administered on groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively through sonde for 8 weeks; Control group was not exposed with borax. Body weight was monitored every 2 weeks. On the last day of the experiment, rats were euthanized and gastric ulcers were histopathologically analyzed using a microscope. The data were analyzed by the comparative test of Mann-Whitney and the significancy was set on p<0.050. Results: The results showed that body weight was significantly different on the 6th week between Control vs Group 1 (p=0.010) and Control vs Group 3 (p=0.043). The grade of gastric ulcer was found higher in Group 2 and Group 3 compared to Control (p=0.019 and 0.011 respectively). Conclusion: Both of low dose (150 mg/kg BW) and high dose (300mg/kg BW) of borax exposure for 8 weeks cause microscopic gastric ulcer on rats.
THE SIMILAR CHANGES OF GLUCOSE LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ACUTELY IN THE MORNING AND EVENING
Authors: Kamal Ronik Harsono , Wigati Kristanti Wanito , Lefi Achmad
Published: July 2021

Background: There is a lot of research on the importance of exercise but studies on the effective time of exercise regarding regulation of blood glucose levels are not clearly known. Objective: This study aimed to determine the comparison of changes in blood glucose levels before and after moderate intensity physical exercise in the morning and evening. Materials and Methods: Healthy men (n=34), age between 17-22 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 (normal Asia Pacific), participating in the morning (8.00 am) or evening group (20.00 pm) are asked to do moderate intensity physical exercise (55-70% of maximum heart rate) using ergocycle for a total of 40 minutes. Blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial capillaries were taken before exercise and blood glucose levels after exercise were taken acutely. Results: The mean decrease in blood glucose levels in the morning group was ± 8.353 ± 9.16 mg/dL and in the evening group was ± 6.294 ± 10.10 mg/dL. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly for the morning group (p=0.002) and the evening group (p=0.021). The comparison of changes in blood glucose levels between the morning and evening groups was not significant (p=0.538). Conclusion: There was no difference between morning or evening exercise related to changes in blood glucose levels.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MECHANICAL OCULAR TRAUMA AND THE BEST-CORRECTED VISUAL ACUITY RESULTS IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA
Authors: Benita Katharina Ratri , Soebagjo Hendrian Dwikoloso , Bintoro Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho
Published: July 2021

Background: Ocular trauma is an accident caused by a foreign object that affects the eye tissue. Ocular trauma can cause pain and a decrease in the person’s best-corrected visual acuity. Mechanical ocular traumas can cause morphological and functional eye changes that are serious enough to cause blindness. Blindness is often used to describe a severe visual impairment with the remaining visual function. Objective: To determine and to analyze the relationship between mechanical ocular trauma and the best-corrected visual acuity of the patients of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016-2018. Material and Method: This study was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The data were collected using the medical records of the patients of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016-2018. The population of this study consists of all patients with pure mechanical ocular trauma with a total of 198 subjects. Results: Fisher exact test results showed a value of p=0.054, showing that there was no significant relationship between the best-corrected visual acuity and mechanical ocular trauma. Conclusion: No significant relationship was present between mechanical ocular trauma and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) based on the medical record of patients with ocular trauma in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Surabaya, in 2016–2018. Most of the patients had BCVA 6/24 - 2 meter counting finger.
Posledice COVID-19 epidemije na visoko obrazovanje u SAD
Authors: Džuverović Nemanja
Published: July 2021

Visoko obrazovanje u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama je po većini kvantita¬tivnih i kvalitativnih pokazatelja najbolje na svetu. Univerziteti u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, zajedno sa onima u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, privlače najbolje studente ne samo iz Evrope već širom sveta uključujući najmnogoljudnije zemlje i rastuće ekonomije poput Kine, Indije, Brazila ili Indonezije. Istovremeno, priznati profesori i istraživači mahom rade u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, imajući u vidu sjajne uslove za rad i istraživanja. Međutim, snaga američkih univerziteta je istovremeno i njihova slabost u kontekstu COVID-19 epidemije. Većina univerziteta su privatni univerziteti koji u potpunosti zavise od tržišta, donacija, a ponajviše studentskih školarina. Epidemija je zaoštrila problem marketizacije obrazovanja u SAD imajući u vidu da većina studenata preispituje nastavak školovanja u novonastalim uslovima, ekonomske neizvesnosti koju epidemija donosi, kao i nesigurnog tržišta rada. Analizirajući studiju slučaja Nortvestern univerziteta, tekst se bavi ekonomskim i društvenim posledicama koje epidemija ima na visoko obrazovanje u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, kao i mogućim načinima njegovog prevladavanja.‎
Realizacija Rousseauovog (demokratskog) republikanizma u političkom poretku (demokratske) republike Korzike (1755–1769)?
Authors: Stanić Damjan
Published: July 2021

Cilj ovog rada je prikazati temeljne značajke Rousseauova republikanizma, kao i njegove specifičnosti, posebno u kontekstu trajnih napetosti između republikanizma i demokracije u Rousseauovoj misli. Rad će pokušati odgovoriti na pitanje može li se Rousseauovo učenje nazvati demokratskim republikanizmom komparirajući neke od glavnih elemenata njegove političko-teorijske misli sa stvarnim političko ustavnopravnim elementima republikanizma na Korzici unutar nekoliko različitih političkih sustava i državnopravnih poredaka u 18. stoljeću. Rad će analizirati ponajprije Rousseauov Nacrt ustava za Korziku u nastojanju da se dođe do odgovora koliko je republika Korzika Pasqua¬lea Paolija (1755–1769), zapravo, bila u skladu s Rousseauovim idejama i radi li se o svojevrsnom ozbiljenju Rousseaove političke teorije unutar jednog stvarnog političkog poretka Europe 18. stoljeća. Zbog toga će se razmotriti povijesni kontekst nastanka (demokratske) republike Korzike 1755. godine i prikazati njezin politički sustav komparirajući ga s osnovnim teorijskim pretpostavkama Rousseauovog republikanizma. Također, značajan dio rada bit će posvećen Pasqualeu Paoliju kao središnjoj figuri korzikanskog (demokratskog) republikanizma, te će se pokušati usporediti Paolija i Rousseaua, njihove republikanske ideje i vizije političkog poretka.‎
Evaluation Method and Collaborative Study of Sustainable Additive-Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Haishang
Published: July 2021

It has been commonly recognized that additive manufacturing (AM) enables cost-effective and efficient production towards sustainability. A rigorous evaluation method is required to further investigate the measurement method and efficiency before AM can be well-positioned in sustainable manufacturing and become the industry mainstream. Cost reduction plays key role in manufacturing industry. Compared to conventional manufacturing (CM), cost of AM is volume independent. In contrary, CM production requires a certain volume to share initial tooling cost to achieve cost reduction. This constraint limits CM from service on demand, and leave ambiguity behind. Invisibility of AM advantage in cost factors blocks AM technologies from appropriate process and affects its applications. The major issues AM encountering are the scaling, speed and size of products. Enhancement in scaling threshold and cost modeling are the nobility of this study and a breakthrough of AM issues. Through this study, generic equations are derived by using Convergence Effect and Buy-to-Fly (BTF) ratio. The Divide-and-Conquer approach further supports scaling factors and dependencies of conventional manufacturing (CM) cost modeling as well as AM methods. Consequently, appropriate AM technologies and CM convergence threshold can enhance standardization, decision support, and pre-pilot of AM society through this rigorous benchmarking. Advantages of AM are identified, and a collaboration pattern is proposed to connect large enterprise (LE), SME, and home-based-business (HBB) into an AM society. Through this society, advantages of AM can be fully utilized, scaling and speed issues can be resolved, and AM’s dominant role in sustainable manufacturing becomes feasible