bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reynsla og upplifun þroskaþjálfa í grunnskóla af áhrifum COVID-19 faraldursins á þjónustu við nemendur
Authors: Rauterberg Ruth Jörgensdóttir , Sverrisdóttir Anna Björk
Published: February 2021

Ísland fór ekki varhluta af heimsfaraldri COVID-19 og um miðjan mars 2020 var í fyrsta skipti í sögu lýðveldisins sett á samkomubann sem náði einnig til grunn-, framhalds- og háskóla. Það hafði í för með sér að stór hluti kennslu varð rafrænn og nemendur, foreldrar og kennarar þurftu að aðlagast breyttum aðstæðum þegar kom að samskiptum og félagstengslum. Í þessari grein verður sjónum beint sérstaklega að upplifun þroskaþjálfa á þjónustu við nemendur sem þurfa margvíslegan stuðning í námi og félagslegum samskiptum.Könnunin er hluti af stærri rannsókn fræðafólks frá Menntavísindasviði Háskóla Íslands á áhrifum COVID-19 faraldursins á skóla- og frístundastarf. Um er að ræða spurningakönnun þar sem bæði voru opnar og lokaðar spurningar. Meginrannsóknarspurningin var: Hver er reynsla þroskaþjálfa í grunnskóla af áhrifum faraldursins á þjónustu við nemendur? Tilgangur könnunarinnar var að skoða reynslu þroskaþjálfa í grunnskóla af áhrifum faraldursins á þjónustu við nemendur og upplifun þeirra á faglegri ábyrgð sinni í skertu skóla- og frístundastarfi. Markmið hennar er að varpa ljósi á þjónustu og stuðning við nemendur og bera kennsl á leiðir og lausnir sem hafa reynst vel og munu jafnvel stuðla að bættri þjónustu við öll börn þegar faraldurinn er afstaðinn.Niðurstöður gefa til kynna að þjónusta við nemendur með margvíslegar stuðningsþarfir hafi skerst meira en hjá öðrum, meðal annars vegna þess að nám og þátttaka í gegnum fjarbúnað reyndist ekki öllum nemendum aðgengileg. Vísbendingar eru um að jaðarsetning og einangrun nemenda hafi aukist hjá þeim sem stóðu höllum fæti félagslega en að nemendur sem voru búnir að byggja upp félagslegt net fyrir COVID-19 náðu að viðhalda þeim tengslum. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar vekja jafnframt áríðandi spurningar um hvernig hægt sé að tryggja öllum börnum jafnrétti og aðgengi að menntun og félagslegri þátttöku í áframhaldandi heimsfaraldri.
Fjarkennsla í faraldri: Nám og kennsla í framhaldsskólum á tímum samkomubanns vegna COVID-19
Authors: Gestsdóttir Súsanna Margrét , Ragnarsdóttir Guðrún , Björnsdóttir Amalía , Eiríksdóttir Elsa
Published: February 2021

Sú heimskreppa sem orðið hefur vegna COVID-19 faraldursins hefur haft gríðarleg áhrif á starf íslenskra framhaldsskóla. Vegna samkomubanns sem stjórnvöld lýstu yfir færðist allt staðnám á því skólastigi yfir í fjarnám (hér eftir fjarkennsla) á einni helgi. Markmið greinarinnar er að skoða hvernig framhaldsskólakennarar tókust á við nýjan raunveruleika meðan á samkomubanninu stóð, hvernig kennsluhættir breyttust og mat þeirra á námsgengi nemenda. Í greiningunni verður litið sérstaklega til áhrifa skólastærðar og fyrri reynslu kennara af fjarkennslu. Niðurstöðurnar eru byggðar á spurningalistagögnum sem Menntavísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands safnaði á vordögum 2020. Alls svöruðu 680 kennarar listanum. Niðurstöðurnar sýna að framhaldsskólakennurum tókst að bregðast hratt við ástandinu og halda úti kennslu í samkomubanni, þó í breyttri mynd væri. Flestir kennarar réðu að mestu sjálfir hvernig þeir höguðu kennslu sinni og töldu sig ekki fá mikinn stuðning í skólum sínum. Kennsla og námsmat varð einsleitara og kröfur til nemenda breyttust nokkuð. Flestir kennarar sýndu aukinn sveigjanleika og höfðu áhyggjur af slakari mætingu nemenda. Á öllum þessum þáttum var þó merkjanlegur munur eftir skólastærð og einnig hafði fyrri reynsla af fjarkennslu sitt að segja. Greinin er mikilvægt innlegg í umræðu um fyrirkomulag fjarkennslu í neyðarástandi (e. emergency remote teaching) (Bozkurt og Sharma, 2020) og þar er bent á atriði sem brýnt er að líta til við áframhaldandi þróun kennslu og kennsluhátta á framhaldsskólastigi. Greinin sýnir einnig hvers megnug kennarastéttin var í COVID-19 ásamt að þar er bent á flókin úrlausnarefni kennara og tækifæri til umbóta.
Usychalność surowców zielarskich
Authors: Gruszecki Robert , Zawiślak Grażyna , Rybiński Michał , Zalewska Ewa , Walasek-Janusz Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Suszenie surowców zielarskich jest podstawowym sposobem ich utrwalania, a wydajność tego procesu określa się współczynnikiem usychalności. Celem pracy było zebranie i wstępne przeanalizowanie współczynników usychalności zamieszczonych w publikacjach z zakresu zielarstwa, by stanowiło to impuls do dalszych badań w tym zakresie. Podawana usychalność surowców zielarskich często się różni, co może wynikać z różnic charakterystyki porównywanych surowców przed suszeniem i po suszeniu (kwiaty–kwiatostany, okorowany–nieokorowany, otarty lub nieotarty, z nasionami lub bez nasion), różnice te mogą wynikać również z niejednakowego stopnia dosuszenia surowca oraz miejsca jego pozyskania. Usychalność surowców ma duże znaczenie dla praktyki zielarskiej, ponieważ umożliwia określenie zapotrzebowania na surowiec zielarski i racjonalną gospodarkę ograniczonymi i cennymi zasobami roślin, szczególnie tych pozyskiwanych ze stanu naturalnego. Wydajność procesu suszenia, pomimo że w dużej mierze zależy od suchej masy surowca, jest również modyfikowana przez inne czynniki, np. sposób przygotowania surowca czy metodę suszenia, a wyjaśnienie tych zależności ma znaczenie zarówno dla praktyki, jak i nauki zielarskiej.
Problemática de la pesca en el lago de Pátzcuaro: la invisibilidad entre la práctica y el discurso
Authors: Arellanes-Cancino Yaayé , Ayala-Ortiz Dante Ariel
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analizar la situación de la pesca en una de las regiones lacustres más emblemáticas de México, el lago de Pátzcuaro. Metodología: a partir revisión de la bibliografía, del análisis de la información de los discursos de un foro oficial en la región, y de la experiencia en un taller organizado sobre recursos pesqueros, se analiza la situación y prospectiva de esta actividad en el contexto local y regional. Resultados: este trabajo destaca la importancia de la visibilización de la pesca y los pescadores como una actividad productiva vigente y viable, así como el aporte de los recursos pesqueros como alimentos de alto valor nutrimental. Limitaciones: por el tamaño del documento hace falta incluir el trabajo recogido en campo de más actores. Conclusiones: la seguridad alimentaria y la economía local se tornan vulnerables ante un lago amenazado por su situación socioambiental, donde han disminuido los peces nativos, pero sigue vigente la importancia de los recursos pesqueros por su facilidad en el acceso y arraigado consumo. Entre algunas propuestas, se presenta como una estrategia el trabajo articulados desde distintos sectores y la viabilidad económica a fin que la actividad sea revalorada.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, KOMPENSASI FINANSIAL DAN SEMANGAT KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. USAHA GEDUNG MANDIRI DENPASAR BALI.
Authors: Mandiyasa Kadek Sara , Darma Yasa I Putu Mertha , Perdanawati Luh Putu Virra Indah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the presence of positive and partial positive effects between the work environment, financial compensation and work morale on job satisfaction at PT. Denpasar Independent Building Enterprises. This research was conducted at PT. Denpasar Independent Building Enterprises. The technique for determining the number of samples in the study used saturated samples with a total sample of 82 employees. The results showed that 1) There was a positive influence simultaneously between the work environment, financial compensation and work morale on job satisfaction at PT. Denpasar Independent Building Enterprises. 2) There is a partially positive effect between work environment on job satisfaction at PT. Denpasar Independent Building Enterprises. 3) There is a partially positive influence between financial compensation and job satisfaction at PT. Denpasar Independent Building Enterprises. 4) There is a partially positive influence between work morale on job satisfaction at PT. Denpasar Independent Building Enterprises.
Accounting for non-financial tangible assets: Convergence with IFRS, achievements, challenges, prospects
Authors: DRUZHILOVSKAYA Tat'yana Yu.
Published: February 2021

Subject. This article discusses the problems of accounting for non-financial tangible assets associated with the introduction of new FSBU (Russian Federal Accounting Standards) for commercial organizations and non-profit organizations outside the public sector.
Objectives. The article aims to study and systematize the impact of the new FSBU regulations on the accounting for non-financial tangible assets, justify the convergence of this accounting with IFRS regulations, identify problems, and justify the prospects for their solution.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of critical analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, and the analogy approach.
Results. The article describes the impact of the adoption of the new FSBU on the accounting for non-financial tangible assets, such as inventories, fixed assets, investment real estate, biological assets. It identifies the degree to which this accounting is linked to IFRS regulations, as well as the problems associated with the recognition, evaluation and reflection in the reporting of non-financial tangible assets in the reporting of Russian organizations as a result of the introduction of the new FSBU. The article shows the prospects for solving the problematic aspects of accounting for non-financial tangible assets of Russian organizations.
Conclusions and Relevance. The introduction of the new FSBU will help significantly bring the accounting for non-financial tangible assets to IFRS requirements. The introduction of the new FSBU does not eliminate all differences from IFRS requirements in accounting for and reporting of non-financial tangible assets of Russian organizations. Solving the problematic aspects of the introduction of regulations of the new FSBU will contribute to the prospects for further reform of the Russian accounting. The results obtained have both applied and theoretical applications in the field of financial accounting.
Placement of forces in the economic space of the Russian Far East: The state and trends
Authors: POZDNYAKOVA Tat'yana M.
Published: February 2021

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the economic advancement of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the economic advancement of the subjects of the District on the basis of changes in gross regional product and analysis of the investment component. Methods. For the study, I analyzed the Russian Federal State Statistics Service data. Results. The article classifies the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District by volume and dynamics of gross regional product for 2001–2017. It identifies possible changes in the economic situation of the Far Eastern Federal District entities, taking into account the calculated investment ratio. Conclusions and Relevance. The volume of investments has a significant impact on the production of the gross regional product of the Russian Federation. Therefore, there may be changes in the placement of forces in the economic space of the Russian Far East. The results of the study can be taken into account to develop and adjust State programmes and development strategies of the Russian Far East.
Information resources as a source of development of the organization in the context of digitalization in the regions of Russia
Authors: CHALDAEVA Larisa A. , FILIN Sergei A.
Published: February 2021

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the formation of information resources in an organization, which are necessary to increase the level of digitalization of its activities.
Objectives. The article aims to identify problems related to the formation and management of quality information resources in the organization.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analyses.
Results. The article identifies certain problems of the formation and use of quality information resources in the organization and proposes a method to sample labor time in the conditions of digital economy. The article also offers recommendations to build an effective system of information management and rational justification of labor standards, reducing social tensions.
Conclusions. Effective information management will help form an innovative type of organization in the modern economy, reducing the costs of high-tech production processes.
Przedsiębiorczość jako czynnik rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego układów przestrzennych
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

W pracy przyjęto założenie, że  na  rozwój procesów społeczno-gospodarczych układów przestrzennych zasadniczo wpływa poziom i jakość zasobów intelektualnych, które umożliwiają generowanie kapitału ludzkiego i społecznego, a także pobudzanie społecznych postaw przedsiębiorczości. Na   tym tle  szczególną uwagę zwrócono na:  uwarunkowania kształtowania społecznych postaw przedsiębiorczości, wpływ potencjału ekonomicznego firm  na  aktywizację gospodarczą i powiązania rynkowe, relacje  między różnymi kategoriami firm, ich  własnością, rodzajem produkcji i zasięgami rynku  oraz  wpływ przedsiębiorczości na  rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy i kulturowy, a także podstawowe uwarunkowania kształtowania przedsiębiorczości w układach przestrzennych.
Baza noclegowa jako czynnik rozwoju regionów w Polsce
Authors: Sala Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie złożoności zjawisk związanych z wpływem bazy noclegowej na politykę regionalną. Artykuł prezentuje znaczenie bazy noclegowej, a w  szczególności hotelarskiej, dla rozwoju województw w Polsce. Ukazuje historyczny rozwój bazy noclegowej w kontekście znaczenia na rynku regionalnym. Tłumaczy jej rolę jako istotnego i ważnego elementu wpływającego na współczesną sytuację regionów w naszym kraju, a także jako kluczowej szansy na zmianę bieżącego często niekorzystnego stanu gospodarczego. W publikacji przedstawiono wpływ bazy hotelarskiej na sytuację w miastach i na wsiach. Turystyka oraz powiązane z nią hotelarstwo coraz częściej stają się instrumentem polityki regionalnej, aktywizacji społeczeństw lokalnych oraz budowy podstaw rozwoju gospodarczego. Należy tutaj również dodać wpływ na świadomość społeczną, identyfikację i  postawy społeczne, rozwój zrównoważony oraz działania na rzecz podwyższania konkurencyjności i  atrakcyjności regionów. W publikacji, oprócz prezentacji analizy danych statystycznych i dostępnych materiałów dotyczących rozwoju bazy noclegowej, oceniono również zachodzące w niej zmiany, a  także podjęto próbę prognozy rozwoju bazy noclegowej w Polsce, w obliczu nowej sytuacji gospodarczej. Prognozy, której charakter w dużym stopniu będzie uzależniony od napływu inwestycji zagranicznych, powstawania nowych firm czy opłacalności zaciągania kredytów. Nie bez znaczenia będzie również rozwój sytuacji gospodarczej na świecie i w  Polsce, integracja kolejnych krajów z  Unią Europejską czy też napływ środków unijnych w ramach regionalnych programów operacyjnych. Na podstawie wyników analiz i studiów  prezentowanych w tekście można wysnuć wniosek, że baza noclegowa w kluczowy sposób zmienia rzeczywistość gospodarczą regionów i przyczynia się do poprawy ich sytuacji ekonomicznej. Dotyczy to zarówno obszarów miejskich, jak i obszarów wiejskich, które w większym stopniu różnią od średniego poziomu rozwoju kraju.
Przedsiębiorczość Polski Wschodniej – ocena potencjału rozwojowego z wykorzystaniem analizy porównawczej
Authors: Strojny Jacek , Kościółek Michał
Published: February 2021

Wciąż zmieniające się warunki funkcjonowania systemów gospodarczych zwiększają presję na skuteczne zarządzanie procesem ich rozwoju. Dotyczy to zarówno poziomu operacyjnego, jak i strategicznego. Nie można zapominać, że podstawą każdego podejmowania decyzji jest dostęp do odpowiednio przygotowanej informacji zarządczej, pozwalającej na prawidłowe wyznaczenie celóworaz ocenę stopnia ich realizacji. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie modelowego opisu przedsiębiorczości,jako jednego z wymiarów analizy strategicznej, odnoszącego się do potencjału systemu gospodarczego. W tekście opisano konstrukcję modelu oraz zależności między jego poszczególnymielementami. Przedstawiono także przykład analizy przedsiębiorczości, porównując regiony Polski Wschodniej. Postawiono tutaj następujące pytanie badawcze: Który region Polski Wschodniej charakteryzuje się najwyższym potencjałem przedsiębiorczym?. Wskazany wyżej wymiar opisano w artykule z perspektywy bardziej złożonego układu elementów potencjału rozwojowego, obejmujących potencjał gospodarki, społeczeństwa i środowiska. Zaproponowano sposób pomiaru poziomu przedsiębiorczości za pomocą wybranych mierników opartychna statystyce GUS. Użyto ich do oceny porównawczej, a więc z wykorzystaniem idei benchmarkingu.Dzięki temu możliwe jest określenie, na ile dany wymiar stanowi mocną bądź słabą stronę wskazanego systemu. Analizę przeprowadzono na przykładzie województw należących do tzw. Polski Wschodniej. Obszar ten charakteryzuje się peryferyjnością terytorialną oraz rozwojową. Dzięki temu stanowi ciekawyprzykład do analiz procesów rozwojowych. Sytuację województw przedstawiono na tle pozostałych regionów w kraju. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono jednak na ich sytuację w kontekście potencjału województw: mazowieckiego, małopolskiego i pomorskiego. Są to regiony, w których funkcjonujądość prężne układy metropolitalne, znacząco oddziałujące na mobilne elementy potencjału Polski Wschodniej, w szczególności na kapitał ludzki oraz inwestycyjny.
Rola otoczenia biznesu we wspieraniu przedsiębiorczości i innowacyjności gospodarki. Przykład Wielkopolski
Authors: Dominiak Joanna
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka funkcjonowania otoczenia biznesu w województwie wielkopolskim i jego wpływu na rozwój przedsiębiorczości oraz innowacyjności gospodarki. Analiza ta uwzględnia zarówno podaż usług otoczenia biznesu, jak i popyt tworzony przez przedsiębiorstwa korzystające z tych usług. Artykuł powstał na podstawie badań terenowych przeprowadzonych na obszarze województwa wielkopolskiego. Ze względu na fakt, że instytucje i firmy otoczenia biznesu lokalizowane są przede wszystkim w dużych miastach, badania ankietowe prowadzone były w: Poznaniu, Koninie, Kaliszu, Lesznie i powiecie poznańskim. W analizie strony popytowej otoczenia biznesu (przedsiębiorstw) uwzględniono także powiaty: słupecki, kaliski, pleszewski. Badanie ankietowe dotyczyło z jednej strony funkcjonowania instytucji i firm otoczenia biznesu, a z drugiej strony – zapotrzebowania na usługi otoczenia biznesu ze strony przedsiębiorstw. W szczególności badanie zmierzało do: 1. analizy funkcjonowania instytucji i firm otoczenia biznesu, zakresu świadczonych przez nie usług i zasięgu ich oddziaływania oraz 2. identyfikacji natężenia i zakresu relacji występujących między przedsiębiorstwami a instytucjami otoczenia biznesu. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki projektu badawczego: „Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy a kształtowanie się obszarów wzrostu i stagnacji gospodarczej”, finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki (N N306 791940), a realizowanego w Zakładzie Analizy Regionalnej Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu.
Technopolie jako miejsca lokalizacji korporacji informatycznych
Authors: Kilar Wioletta
Published: February 2021

Nowe warunki działalności firm w gospodarce globalnej przyczyniły się do nasilenia procesów powstawania przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych w formie korporacji i konglomeratów wielu działalności, o zróżnicowanym statusie prawno-organizacyjnym, których celem jest uzyskanie jak największej efektywności ekonomicznej. Decyzje o ich lokalizacji zwykle uzależnione są od: strategii i organizacji korporacji, ich wielkości, pozycji konkurencyjnej, stopnia ich internacjonalizacji oraz branży, w której działają. Wybór lokalizacji przez firmę międzynarodową ma bardzo istotne znaczenie z punktu widzenia rozwoju danego miejsca i regionu. Szczególną rolę w omawianym procesie odgrywają korporacje informatyczne, które stanowią stosunkowo nowy sektor, rozwijający się szczególnie intensywnie w ostatnim ćwierćwieczu. Obszary, gdzie lokalizowane są siedziby zarządu i oddziały korporacji informatycznych wyróżniają się w przestrzeni czynnikami, które pozwalają kształtować specyficzną formę aglomeracji, technopolię (technopolis, techopole). W nawiązaniu do tych przesłanek przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza czynników, które wpływają na lokalizację korporacji informatycznych w przestrzeni światowej. Zamierzeniem jest uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie: W których technopoliach korporacje informatyczne zlokalizowały siedziby zarządów i oddziały oraz jakie były uwarunkowania tego procesu na poszczególnych obszarach? Badaniami objęto 100 dominujących korporacji informatycznych, które wyróżniono spośród 2000 największych tego typu korporacji o zasięgu światowym. Zasadnicze czynniki wpływające na lokalizację korporacji informatycznych w technopoliach to: zaplecze naukowo-badawcze, dostęp do wykwalifikowanych pracowników, połączenia komunikacyjne i koncentracja innych przedsiębiorstw danej działalności. Innymi istotnymi czynnikami są: działania na rzecz wzmocnienia własnej pozycji konkurencyjnej i monopolistycznej, stopień specjalizacji działalności, kapitał intelektualny założycieli i pracowników, który miał wpływ na rozwój nowych technologii (wynikający m.in. z cyklu życia produktu, nakładów i zatrudnienia w działalności badawczo-rozwojowej, bliskości uczelni wyższych), przeprofilowanie dotychczasowych działalności korporacji lub zakładanie zupełnie nowych oraz rożne źródła zasilania finansowego
Strategie globalne a nowe formy organizacji przedsiębiorstw transnarodowych
Authors: Tobolska Anna
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an analysis of many basic variants of organisational structures that can be applied by enterprises operating in today.s international arena. In the case of international firms,  the  structure depends on  the  level of  internationalisation of  their operations  and  the strategy adopted: multinational, global or  transnational. As an example a  tensor structure  is presented, based on empirical studies of the organisational structure of the corporation EXIDE Technologies. Global structures should be distinguished from those of transnational organisations, whose features, according to Bartlett and Ghoshal.s conception, are global integration and the ability to respond to a local situation. The structures of such transnational corporations assume formally a multidimensional shape which ensures the integration and co-ordination of operations through a combination of global departments manufacturing particular lines of products with regional ones. On the other hand, owing to flexible integration processes, interdependence and dispersal of skills, and a multidimensional perspective, transnational enterprises assume the configuration of integrated networks.
Praca i przedsiębiorczość w świetle wybranych encyklik Jana Pawła II
Authors: Brzozowski Tomasz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

As we read in their introductions, papal encyclicals are documents aimed at not only the clergy, but all the faithful of Catholic Church as well as at people of goodwill. All the more, should the thoughts handed down by St Peter's successors be not only the source of information but most of all the material for in-depth analysis or commitment. It strangely happens that the nation declaring in majority its affiliation to Catholic Church, the nation being so fortunate by giving the world this great witness of God's love to man, shows hardly any interest in his teachings. We prefer to remember the Pope John Paul II as the moral and scientific authority, not knowing exactly what hidden massages are implicit in these notions, as well as worship him on posters and T-shirts. In an international competition concerning John Paul II.s teaching, it could turn out that his countrymen know very little of what he had to tell us.  The author of the article wishes to draw readers' attention to some key elements of papal teaching, among which  the  focal points are  subjective . personal  role of man  in  the world, transcendental dimension of human being, personalistic perspective of man with his relation to work and  the  status of  the  latter, as well as  its  significance  in man´s development. Tomasz Tadeusz Brzozowski has made these issues the subject of his analysis, which has been detailed and deepened by relating them to John Paul II's teaching expressed in his social encyclical, also provided with the author's commentary. If the content of this article influences at least to a small extent a bit deeper reception of papal teachings, it will accomplish its aim filling its author with satisfaction.
Rola i znaczenie podstaw przedsiębiorczości w kształceniu ogólnym
Authors: Tracz Mariola
Published: February 2021

The goal of this article is to take into consideration the role of the basis of entrepreneurship in the educational system. Author gives particular attention to EU educational strategy, which presumes the entrepreneurship is essential skill for young people to function in the knowledge society and on new job markets. The necessity of promoting the view that the entrepreneurship prepares for self-employment was indicated in European field of education. The entrepreneurship is one of five key subjects, by which European educational system, related to EU project on employment and unemployment, is implemented. Furthermore author presents how important the subject is for the personal and social development of students.
Rozbudzanie postaw przedsiębiorczych wśród młodzieży wiejskiej
Authors: Milewska Marianna
Published: February 2021

About 40 % Polish populations live on rural areas. There are not enough people who succeed, who are competitive or who want to do something new. After the Second World War wrong politics stopped the development of rural areas in Poland. John Paul II said: „In order to achieve the whole humanity, each person should go beyond the limits”. We need to know if we want to work for others or for ourselves. There is economic and social diversification on rural areas. The main reasons of many difficulties are: the lack of investment, the weak education, problems with infrastructure and lack of willingness among people. The opportunities of the development in the country depend on people and funds, especially, on a good communication between people and a person who is considered to be a leader. SWOT lets us achieve our aims concerning the strategy of development in the best manner. It is important to give chances of establishing other forms of activity in the agriculture. Young people are not skilled and they do not believe in their abilities. In addition, they do not accept new ideas or they can not work in team. The crisis and the unemployment became grievous to young people who tend to go abroad in a search of job. Each society and country should try to contribute to the development of rural areas by encouraging people to run a business, craft, trade and a modern agriculture. The youth expects interesting projects, educational seminars and other ways of overcoming, for instance, shyness. The most important subject is a man who has a lot of ideas, courage and wisdom. Each person is able to change weaknesses into chances and can face the people who tend to doubt or not believe. We must promote great values and people who are highly skilled and experienced.
Rola programu PHARE w rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w Polsce w latach 1989-2004
Authors: Sosin Jakub
Published: February 2021

The article shows the role of the PHARE programme in the development of enterprise in Poland 1989-2004. The programme was introduced in 1989 as the EU help, first only for Poland and Hungary, hence the name built of the first letters of the full English name „PolandHungary Assistance to Restructuring their Economies”. In 1990 countries like Albania, Romania, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia joined the programme. Till 2000 seventeen countries in our region benefited from the programme. The programme was divided into some stages: 1989-1991 short-term help, 1991-1994 training and consultancy, 1994-1997 investment support, from 1998 till joining the EU integration process support. It is Poland that has got the most funds from the programme so far (21% of the PHARE budget, till 2000). For the years 2000-2006 a programme called PHARE 2 was created. Ten countries from the middle-eastern Europe benefit from the programme, also the countries that were candidates and from 1st May, 2004 are members of the EU as well as some Balkan countries. This programme had four editions: PHARE 2000, PHARE 2001, PHARE 2002, PHARE 2003 and, depend on the subject of help, appeared under different names. PHARE programme is very wide and diverse. It was evolving during its realization. Funds from many of its components helped to develop enterprise in Poland, directly and indirectly.
Wyzwalanie ducha przedsiębiorczości w środowisku społecznym gminy dla rozwoju lokalnego
Authors: Majewska Justyna
Published: February 2021

Small communities coexisted with global processes seems to be more and more important in „new economy”. Challenges  to  territorial socio-economic systems provide a context  for  the development of entrepreneurship and require from local governments and other local and regional organisations to change their attitude and the way they operate. To adjust to a fast-changing economy, local government managers must adopt entrepreneurial and pro-efficiency attitudes, and at the same time inspire social initiative in the community. Efficient functioning of spatial units and their ability to build modern local structures that can use endogenous resources in an effective way improves their competitiveness. But in order to build such competitiveness, local governments must be able . and be eager . to stimulate entrepreneurship in their communities.  This can be done in the context of economic diversification, like in the example of Polkowice municipality, where economic changes have been anticipated and necessary actions taken to develop a service economy, including tourism and recreation sector.
Przedsiębiorczość w otoczeniu Tarnowa
Authors: Ustupski Janusz
Published: February 2021

The author introduces the results of carried out in Tarnow and its adjoining area a pilotageresearch into the enterprise development. The analysis concerns the factors that decide aboutenterprise development in this area, and presents a range of activities to which the inhabitantsshow the biggest commitment. In the final part conclusions of the research up to the presenttime are presented.
Główne bariery rozwoju i funkcjonowania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw na obszarach wiejskich województwa łódzkiego
Authors: Chądrzyński Mariusz
Published: February 2021

The contents of the report touches the problem of prospects and threats for development ofthe sector of small and medium enterprises in the rural area. The following problems are descri-bed: some groups of factors that constitute barriers to business of SME sector in rural areas
Prasowy wizerunek przedsiębiorców
Authors: Czapliński Paweł
Published: February 2021

Recently the image of an entrepreneur - that is still a subject of numerous stereotypes - has evolved. Despite the fact that the consciousness-transforming processes take a long time in the reference to Poles - one of the obvious factors is the world of politics - the growth of positive opinions about the honesty and industriousness of businessmen can be observed. In addition, the career of an entrepreneur is more and more desirable - in the parents’ view also for the children. According to the research based on the example of Słupsk subregion, the entrepreneur’s image in the press is not homogenous. The groups of negative and positive attitudes are easily distinguished. The presented types of entrepreneurs are distinctly varied, but their recognition should be analyzed not stochastically, but as a process connected to the ongoing adaptation of economic subjects to the transforming environment.
Przedsiębiorczość jako determinanta konkurencyjności organizacji zorientowanej projektowo
Authors: Strojny Jacek , Berezowska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Authors start from a theoretical debate about a change, and consequent uncertainty, as a determinant of a company growth and they recognize entrepreneurship as a fundamental attribute of a competitive organization. According to the authors entrepreneurship is strictly related to the innovation of the company. The creation of innovation as well as products development and reasonable use of them on the market, i.e. good interactive marketing and new or enhanced product launched to better fulfill customers’ needs and beat the competitors by value advantage - all of these decide on importance and success of the company. In the second part the authors explain how to build entrepreneurship in the project-oriented organization.
Stacja Narciarska „Wierchomla” – lokalny ośrodek aktywizacji gospodarczej,
Authors: Dorocki Sławomir
Published: February 2021

The article examines the influence of the Ski Station Wierchomla on the local developmentby creating new vacancies and cooperation with local enterprises. The time frame covers theyears between 1998 and 2006. The article is based on the local data of the station. Thanks to the landscape the development of Wierchomla, belonged to Piwniczna-Zdrójcommune, is based on winter sports and tourism.The Ski Station, built in 1998, employs 47 persons all year round and approximately 70 persons in the winter season. The number of employees is gradually growing up at about 22.5%a year. Taking into consideration the dwelling-place of the employees the majority comes fromWierchomla (10% of the village population) and from Piwniczna and Łomnica. A constant growthof the number of employees coming from outside Wierchomla as well as the growing number ofqualified employees from the village may be observed in the examined period.The Ski Station Wierchomla cooperates with 57 companies from Poland. 37 of them aresituated in Nowy Sącz. Mostly the companies dealing with grocery trade and services. In Piwniczna there are 4 companies functioning in construction industry.The Ski Station Wierchomla is considered to be one of the best developed ski and touristresort in Poland created in the area devoid of technical infrastructure. It is supposed that Wierchomla has become an important factor of local economic development.
Potencjał innowacyjny i eksportowy małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw województwa podkarpackiego
Authors: Wilczyńska Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

The European Union treats the small and medium-sized enterprise sector as the source of competitiveness of European economy and the source of economic development. Small and mediumenterprises contribute to the internal market stimulation through the development of internatio-nal contacts. 22 % of SMEs must face foreign competition, over 50 % declare being in competi-tion with national enterprises. The main elements of competitiveness for SME are: consumerservice, product quality, and price. In this way SMEs contribute to the improvement of consumers conditions in the EU. SMEs also play an important role in inventing and introducingtechnological innovations, which involves the improvement of life quality, employment, effi-ciency and competition.In addition, SMEs undertake the actions with regard to social matters (over 50% of enterprises).The most frequent effects of this action are: ethics, relations with local community, clientsloyalty, employees satisfaction.
Wiedza w rozwoju przedsiębiorczości w małym warsztacie samochodowym
Authors: Włodarczyk Mirosław , Janczewski Jerzy
Published: February 2021

Growing number of second hand cars imported to Poland caused fast development of theautomotive services occurring mainly in the small enterprises. New knowledge and advancedtechnical equipment were required for satisfactory level of service. The main factors causing theneed of change in the behavior and activity of entrepreneurs have been discussed here.
Postawy przedsiębiorcze władz samorządu lokalnego na przykładzie Gdańska i Gdyni
Authors: Pytko Barbara
Published: February 2021

Forming of enterprising attitudes in public administration in Poland has accelerated the functioning of ISO 9001 quality management system in administration. The improvement of theseprinciples as well as the application of marketing methods and cities promotion has increasedthe quality of life considerably. Enterprising attitudes of authorities are evident not only in bigcities such as Gdańsk or Gdynia but in local communities too.The local leaders support entrepreneurships by for instance: the Science Technological Parks,the Business Services Centers and International Business Forums.The high level of engagement of all groups of Gdañsk and Gdynia civil workers and perma-nently growing awareness of better usage of resources in public interest, number of initiativesin the practical application increases year by year.
Gospodarka-wspólnota-solidarność
Authors: Surdej Aleksander
Published: February 2021

The article contains the discussion about the apparent contradictions between economicand other dimensions of social life from the theoretical perspective of economic institutionalism. The author shows that the conflicts between the individual and the collective and between efficiency and social solidarity are better understood and hence better solved if we take intoaccount different time perspective of social and economic actions. The article argues also that postindustrial economy enables the revival of community oriented economic actions which are both efficient and socially integrating. Thus, the obsolescenceof certain forms of the community-based economic activities is rather apparent than true. Theauthor claims that there is a role for public support for he socially oriented community basedeconomy, especially in the sector of social services. Yet, any policy action should be precededby a careful policy analysis both with regards to expected goals and chosen instruments.
Młode pokolenie Polaków wobec rynku pracy w okresie rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy
Authors: Szczepaniak-Wiecha Izabela
Published: February 2021

The young people in Poland rich adulthood in the special time  the time of great transforma-tions. A series of such a factors as the globalization, the development of information andtelecommunication technology, the expansion of the services (together with the diminishing ofindustry and agriculture), and particularly the transformation in the Polish post-communistsociety made the impact on the changes in rather all aspects of the social life.The globalization produces a lot of uncertainties. The world is not indifferent to the challen-ges of civilization. The traditional Fords model of work is eroding. The participation in theprocess of transformation to the service based economy needs to confront and to accept thevarious relationships in the workplace and the new scope of tasks in work. High qualifiedworkers with good professional experience are more and more needed.The conclusions of the research into the students views on the modern labor market formedby the knowledge based economy were presented against backdrop of the social and worktransformation sketched above.
Wielowymiarowa analiza przedsiębiorczości – metodologia, narzędzia i znaczenie dla społeczeństwa informacyjnego
Authors: Strojny Jacek , Stankiewicz Bogusław
Published: February 2021

Information Society produce a set of phenomena important to almost all aspects of social andeconomical development. In this article the authors focus on one of these phenomena, knownas the entrepreneurship. The special features of global Information Society create pressure onall of the entities that are forced to entrepreneurial behaviors to survive. That means the entrepreneurshipis becoming one of the most important instruments of competition nowadays.Accordingly the evaluation of this phenomenon is necessary. The authors suggests methodologyand instruments that help to measure this process. They also propose procedures useful fortwo kinds of processes - in scientific research and in strategic analysis as well.
Specjalne strefy ekonomiczne jako stymulator przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Krzemiński Paweł
Published: February 2021

One of the ways to stimulate the social and economic development is the stimulation of entrepreneurship by the creation of appropriate conditions for the activity of the enterprises.There are good reason why sometimes entrepreneurship is called the fourth factor of production,alongside with the labor, land and capital. Creation the special economic zones (SEZs) in theweakly developed or affected by problem of high unemployment areas is one of the solutionsthat facilitate doing a business. SEZs were created not only to attract the investments fromoutside, but also to stimulate the local entrepreneurship.This study should clarify the inﬂuence of SEZs on the entrepreneurship development.According to the presumptions the lands belonging to the special economic zones have bettereconomic indicators than adjacent areas. The analysis can answer the question: What is theinﬂuence of tax reliefs and other preferences used in the SEZs on the entrepreneurship development?
Wspieranie małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw przez władze gminne w woj. świętokrzyskim – wyniki badań ankietowych
Authors: Kamiński Dawid
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to show the results of research questionnaires concerned the waysof supporting development of small and medium enterprises (SME) in SwietokrzyskieProvince. These results show that the stimulation of local and regional economy through thedevelopment of SME is effective way to reduction the effects of recession. Therefore localauthorities should inﬂuence the improvement of the attractiveness of localization of their area.The efforts to economic development is their responsibility and it needs to initiate and favorthe entrepreneurship. There are almost 42,000 SMEs in Świętokrzyskie and 150,000 persons (77,7%) areemployed by them. More than 60% of these entities operate in the cities. The entrepreneurialindicators that illustrate the number of SME for 1000 citizens are among the lowest in thecountry. The research shows local authorities in Świętokrzyskie are moderate interested in thedevelopment of SME. They usually use the simplest instruments – the tax reliefs or trainings.But the range of instruments supported SME is worth extending. So it is possible to usemodiﬁed instruments tried in other countries, for example prime d'aménagement du territoire(PAT), contract procedures or employee mobility.
Analiza sektora MŚP na obszarze objętym Lokalnym Programem Rewitalizacji Zabłocia
Authors: Świerczewska-Pietras Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Local Revitalization Programs implemented by the Cities are to contribute to, among the otherfactors, activation and development of business activity. The programs constitute the strategyof the cities’ activities on post-industrial areas or those undergoing gradual degradation.According to the criteria listed in the Operational Programs developed by the Marshall Officesof particular province, local revitalization programs should include mechanisms supportingand activating the activities of small and medium enterprises. Thanks to the Local RevitalizationProgram adopted in October 2006, the Zabłocie area is to change its character from industrialone to that aimed to the development of the SME sector and its cultural and educationalfunctions.
Rola technologii informacyjnej w zarządzaniu oraz jej wpływ na kształtowanie się społeczeństwa informacyjnego
Authors: Oleksiejczuk Ewa , Oleksiejczuk Anna
Published: February 2021

Information technology (IT) concerns using the computer science in various aspects of life.The possibilities of immediate information exchange at any time and any place in the worldhave created conditions for the rise a new type of an information society and economy basedon knowledge. Computer networks, especially the Internet, as well as modern wireless mediahave caused the disappearance of traditional barriers in human communication.In modern global economy competitiveness of companies depends on their innovations andknowledge. In a company the essential factor in effective knowledge and innovationmanagement is the implementation of a proper information system. Learning how to workwith computer is a must, both in professional and in private life. Our modern world has been dominated by IT, which inﬂuences every single aspect of our life.Nowadays, information and knowledge are treated as one of the most important factor of businessactivity. Introducing up-to-date IT helps to effectively use the company resources where informationsystems play more and more important role. Companies may obtain better economic results in fastchanging circumstances. In the information era companies are highly depended on IT and ITmeans much more than computers and their software. It is also know-how.
Społeczeństwo informacyjne a gospodarowanie czasem wolnym. Etyczne konsekwencje desakralizacji życia społecznego
Authors: Brzozowski Tomasz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

The author of this article has analyzed the problem of planning and spending free time bymembers of the post-industrial society. The commerce, as exchange of information, createsnew conditions for customs in the marketplace and in the community. These factors have considerable inﬂuence on the change in the lifestyle of modern society. This is a problem for Polish society as well. Because we observe changes in ways ofearning money and changes in social structure, the issue is related to the form of experiencingsacrum. So two questions arise: What does it mean in present day? And how will it affect thesocial perception of spiritual needs? The author of this text tries to answer the abovementioned questions.
Przedsiębiorczość, innowacyjność – społeczeństwo informacyjne czy: społeczeństwo informacyjne – przedsiębiorczość i innowacyjność?
Authors: Sowislok Krystian
Published: February 2021

The development of information society has become one of the main tasks undertaken by bothnational and local authorities as well as by institutions responsible for the development of entrepreneurship. Relevant projects are ﬁnanced by the European Union. Prime Minister DonaldTusk mentioned this subject in his expose and emphasized the importance of knowledge andinformation society in the economic development of Poland. For us, teachers, it is important to know how can we help to increase the entrepreneurshipof young people, and encourage them and provide with opportunities to use moderntechnologies. Information technology in the education should not be limited to IT classes inthe computer lab. The Internet resources can be used for all classes, especially entrepreneurshipclasses. More attention should be paid to skills essential when our students looking for a joband when they decide to start their own businesses. This paper comprises reﬂections on implementation of information technology in the task of developing the youth’s entrepreneurshipand an attempt on answering the question from the title.