bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Photoreactions for AOTs: Reactor Analysis and Design
Authors: Martín C. A. , Brandi R. J. , Alfano O. M. , Cassano A. E.
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the most important technical tools that are needed for designing homogeneous photoreactors using computer simulation of a rigorous mathematical description of the reactor performance. Employing intrinsic reaction kinetic models and parameters derived from properly analyzed laboratory information, it is shown that is possible to scale up reactors with no additional information and without resorting to empirically adjusted correcting factors. The method is illustrated with two processes of degradation of organic pollutants as typical applications of the newly developed Advanced Oxidation Technologies. Two reactors, having pilot plant sizes, are modeled to show the proposed approach. Predictions from the models are compared with experimental data obtaining reasonable good results. They provide confidence on mathematical modeling as a design methodology for homogeneous photochemical reactors.
Optical Characteristics of Capillary U-tube Ar-Hg High Frequency Glow Discharge Plasmas and its Application for Ammonia Compound Contaminated Water Treatments
Authors: Uchida Y. , Urashima K. , Chang J.S. , Kaneda T. , Uchida Y. , Shimazaki K. , Tomita Y. , Watanabe S.
Published: November 2016

Optical characteristics of capillary U-tube Ar-Hg high frequency glow discharge plasmas were experimentally investigated. Based on optimization study of UV emission attenuations, the contaminated water treatment reactor based on bubbly column was developed, and NH
Hydrogen Peroxide Cleaning of Asphalt from Surfaces The Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC™) Study: The Effect of Silica Gel and Solution pH on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Cannon Fred S.
Published: November 2016

The pharmaceutical, fine chemical, photography, and military industries have aggressively sought means of eliminating organic solvents from their cleaning operations because many organic cleaning solvents have been characterized as hazardous or toxic wastes. As a substitute, we previously found that 3% hydrogen peroxide (H
Oil Cracking Characteristics by Streamer Discharge in Oil
Authors: Park J. Y. , Jung J. G. , Kim J. S. , Ha H. J. , Goh H. S.
Published: November 2016

Particulates exhausted from diesel engine are imperfectly burned carbons of oil and are difficult to re­move. Oil is organic compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon and has relatively long chain that the numbers of carbons are from 10 to 18. When a short chain oil is used in diesel engine, the combustion efficiency could be better than that used a long chain oil, and then particulates could be reduced. In this paper, in order to increase combustion efficiency and reduce particle materials exhausted from diesel engine, an experimental works to crack the long chain oil to short chain oil by streamer plasma induced in oil is conducted. The discharge electrode geometries of a needle and a plate are tested. AC high voltage with 60 Hz of frequency is supplied for electrical discharge in oil. Fresh oil and cracked oil are analyzed with GC-MS (Gas Chromatograph-Mass). From the results, Oil cracking is observed at 14 kV, however, it can not observed below 14 kV in two reactor tested. Operating time is not significantly influence to oil cracking. With derived by the results by GC/MS, it is confirmed that a long chain oil with a heavy molecule weight was changed to a short chain oil with a light molecule weight.
Dilute Trichloroethylene Decomposition in Air by Using Non-Thermal Plasma - Catalyst Effect
Authors: Oda Tetsuji , Yamaji Kei
Published: November 2016

Dilute trichloroethylene (TCE) decomposition by the non-thermal plasma processing is investigated concerning with the enhancement of the removal-energy efficiency by use of the catalyst. Tested catalysts are zeolite, titania, vanadium oxide and tungsten oxide, which are inserted into the plasma region as pellets of a few mm spheres or discs. As the zeolite adsorbs too much TCE during a long period, the enhancing effect on the removal energy efficiency by the zeolite is not yet clear, but other catalysts can surely reduce the necessary energy to decompose TCE. As there are still too many parameters affecting the removal performance, the best catalyst, as enhancing the plasma processing, and that operating conditions will be analyzed in future.
The Scale-up and Economic Evaluation of Non-Thermal Plasma Technology for a Coal Fired Power Plant Exhaust Gas Emission Control
Authors: Urashima Kuniko , Kim Seock Joon , Chang Jen-Shih
Published: November 2016

Abstract Economies of pollution control devices are critical to the decision-making in power plant emission control upgrades. The computer code (SUENTP) to predict scale up and economic evaluation of several eligible non-thermal plasma processes for power plant gaseous pollution controls was developed for electron beam, pulsed corona, and corona radical shower processes. This code was written by the spread sheet type MS Excel with visual basic for application and comprises data input procedure, scale-up (design) procedure, economic calculation procedure, and output procedures. Data obtained from pilot plant tests was used as an input data together with general data so that they might be led to the conceptual design data of commercial plants by scaleup procedure. The economic evaluation procedure consisted of the total capital investment and the total annual cost. The total capital investment was presented as the indirect annual cost in items of capital recovery. The levelized cost and the levelized bus bar cost were shown in the output table. Typical calculation was presented to evaluate the cost of three non-thermal systems based on existing pilot plant experiments. The results show that the economy of the non-thermal plasma systems are similar or less costs by compared with a conventional wet-scrubber/selective catalytic reduction combined system.
Effect of Ammonia Addition on Photo-Resist Removal Characteristics by Ozone/Water Vapor Treatments
Authors: Noda Seiji , Horibe Hideo , Kawase Kazumasa , Miyamoto Makoto , Kuzumoto Masaki , Kataoka Tatsuo
Published: November 2016

A photo-resist removal process, using highly-concentrated ozone gas and water vapor, has been investigated in the presence of ammonia. Test substrates (size 520 mm × 410 mm) coated with I-line resist and with pretreatment (140°C baking in 3000 sec and SF
Comparison of EEIM and Cumulative Efficiency Methods for the Evaluation and Optimization of Advanced Oxidation Processes for DOC Removal from Water
Authors: Peyton Gary R. , Fleck Michael J. , LeFaivre Mary Hagen
Published: November 2016

Two published criteria for analyzing and optimizing Advanced Oxidation Processes are compared with respect to their usefulness for process optimization and for determination of the most cost-effective of several candidate processes for a particular application. The Cumulative Efficiency (CE) method compares the amount of target contaminant removed per amount of oxidant used. The Electrical Energy per Mass (EE/M) method compares electrical energy required per kilogram of target pollutant removed. The methods were evaluated using data from treatability studies for DOC removal from a ground water contaminated with 50 mg/L of organic carbon, using processes consisting of combinations of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and ultraviolet light. It was found that the CE method gave better information about how to manipulate the chemistry for optimization, while the EE/M method provided clearer guidance for process selection on economic grounds, making the methods complimentary in treatability studies. The CE method also predicted that a tandem process might function more efficiently than either of the component single processes, which was found experimentally to be the case.
DC/Microwave Driven Micro-Plasmas for Ozone Generation
Authors: Yasuoka Koichi , Yamatake Atsushi , Tamura Yukihiko , Watanabe Hideaki , lshii Shozo
Published: November 2016

Atmospheric micro-plasmas were formed by DC or 2.45 GHz microwave source for generating ozone and other radicals. Oxygen at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure passed through a small cavity of 0.2 - 0.5 mm in diameter where micro-plasmas were generated. The residence time of feed gas within the plasma region was microsecond order. Therefore, the plasma formation can be separated from the radical formation such as ozone and consequently the generated radicals are not dissociated by electron impacts in the micro-plasmas. Ozone gas of 14 g/Nm
The Simultaneously Generating Characteristics of Dissolved O3 and H2O2 Using a Wet Packed-Barrier Type Reactor Applied High- Frequency Voltage in Tap Water
Authors: Park Jae-Youn , Lee Jae-Dong
Published: November 2016

Ultraviolet rays, active radicals (OH, H, O), H
Modifying Inner Surface of a PET Bottle by Plasma-Based Ion Implantation
Authors: Sakudo N. , Endo H. , Yoneda R. , Ohmura Y. , Ikenaga N.
Published: November 2016

In order to improve the gas barrier characteristics of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) we have carried out two experiments; a preliminary experiment using film samples and an applied experiment to modifying inner surfaces of bottles. The measurements of film samples by both ATR FT-IR (Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and Laser Raman spectroscopy show that most PET molecules in the near surface volume are destroyed and amorphized by ion implantation. Gas permeability of the sample is also measured. For applying PBII (Plasma Based Ion Implantation) to bottles we develop a new technique to implant ions onto the inner surfaces while plasma is generated inside the bottle. An electrode that is supplied with positive high-voltage pulses differently from negative ones as in the preliminary experiment is inserted into the bottle. The inner surface of the PET bottle is investigated by both ATR FT-IR spectroscopy and Laser Raman spectroscopy, too.
The Oxidation of Carbon Soot in a Non-thermal, Atmospheric Pressure Plasma: Experiment and Modelling
Authors: Martin Anthony R. , Shawcross James T. , Whitehead J. Christopher
Published: November 2016

The erosion of soot by oxidation in a non-thermal, atmospheric pressure plasma has been modelled using a simplified, two layer, kinetic scheme for the surface reactions coupled with a gas-phase reaction mechanism that is appropriate to diesel exhaust gas. Experimental measurements of the rate for carbon erosion and the evolution of CO and CO
Study in Space and Time of the Gas Temperature Variations in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactors
Authors: Odic E. , Dhainaut M. , Goldman A. , Goldman M. , Dessante Ph.
Published: November 2016

Gas temperature evolution is investigated in the corona gap of a steady state dielectric barrier discharge under conditions optimal for many chemical applications, i.e. with relatively high energy injection. Under these conditions, quite high temperatures may be reached and these temperatures may be favorable or not for specific applications. Emission spectroscopy measurements have been used and an acoustic method developed, to thermally characterize the discharge channel. The discharge is produced in air at atmospheric pressure, and ozone used as a thermal indicator. Through experimental results supported by kinetic calculations, it is shown that, depending upon the applied voltage frequency, ozone formation can, at least partially, take place not in the discharge channel itself, but in its immediate vicinity.
Removal of Phenol from Water: A Comparison of Energization Methods
Authors: Grabowski Lukas R. , Veldhuizen Eddie M. van , Rutgers Wijnand R.
Published: November 2016

Direct electrical energization methods for removal of persistent substances from water are under investigation in the framework of the ytriD-project. The emphasis of the first stage of the project is the energy efficiency. A comparison is made between a batch reactor with a thin layer of water and an aerosol reactor. The method of energization is mainly the application of fast pulses. In case of the batch reactor it is compared with DC. The ozone concentration is determined as an indicator for the efficiency of the chemical reactions, the yield is 4 g/kWh for the DC batch reactor, 50 g/kWh for the pulsed batch reactor and 50-100 g/kWh for the aerosol reactor. For initial testing phenol degradation is determined. 50% of the initial 0.1 mM is reached in 8 min in the pulsed batch reactor and less than 30 s in the aerosol reactor. The phenol removal speeds up by a factor 3 upon the addition of Fe-ions. Matlab simulations confirm that the surface-to-volume ratio is an important parameter for the speed of phenol degradation.
Soot Free Non-Thermal Plasma Reforming of Hydro Carbon Gas by Flow Stabilized Corona Discharges
Authors: Chang Jen-Shih , Uchida Y. , Ara M. , Kim J. T. , Urashima K. , Kelly J. F. , Stanciulescu M. , Burich R. , Charland J. P.
Published: November 2016

In this work, soot free non-thermal plasma reforming was experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted for gas temperatures up to 200°C, gas flow rate from 0.1 to 2 LPM and percentage mixture of oxygen to fuel gases (Propane-nitrogen) from 0 to 30%. The flow stabilized corona discharge device under pulsed corona operations will be discussed. The results show that; (1) up to 40% of propane was converted to hydrogen, ethylene, methane, propylene and ethane etc.; (2) the hydrogen selectivity is near 50% of reformed gas; (3) soot free condition can be achieved with more then 3% of oxygen in the fuel gases at 200°C. The fundamental discharge characteristics of the discharge devices and soot formation characteristics will be discussed in detail.
The Effect of Conductivity on Active Species Products by Electrical Discharge with Air Bubbles in Water
Authors: Park Jae-Youn , Lee Jae-Dong , Han Sang-Bo
Published: November 2016

The oxidative reactions of OH, H, and O radicals, H
Removal of PAHs from Creosote Oil Contaminated Soil by Addition of Concentrated H2O2 and Biodegradation
Authors: Aunola Tuomo A. , Goi Anna , Palmroth Marja R.T. , Langwaldt Jörg H. , Tuhkanen Tuula A.
Published: November 2016

This study describes the combined chemical, i.e. modified Fenton’s reaction, and aerobic biological removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote oil contaminated soil. The initial concentration of eight selected PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene and chrysene) was 4 g/kg soil. The soil was rich in iron (16.4 g Fe/kg soil) and slightly acidic (pH 5-6). Therefore, no pH adjustment or iron addition was performed. Aged contaminated soil was treated with 30% H
Kinetics of Wet Oxidation Reactions
Authors: García-Molina Verónica , Barcardit Jordi , Kallas Juha , Esplugas Santiago
Published: November 2016

In this work the kinetics of Wet Oxidation reactions are taken under investigation. Two different types of wastewater were chosen, pulp and paper mill wastewater and model solutions containing 4-chlorophenol. Concerning Wet Oxidation of pulp and paper mill wastewater, two kinetic models were tested, the “Generalized Kinetic Model for Wet Oxidation of Organic Compounds” from Li, and the “Lumped Kinetic Model for Wastewater Organic Burden Biodegradability Prediction” proposed by Verenich and Kallas. The first model was found to be suitable to predict the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal throughout the reaction when working at the lowest temperatures i.e., 433-443 K. On the other hand, the kinetic model of Verenich and Kallas was able to predict the biodegradability of the wastewater throughout the reaction in all ranges of temperatures studied (433-473 K). Regarding the kinetics of Wet Oxidation reactions of solutions containing 4-chlorophenol, a model was suggested taking into account the existence of an induction period previous to the oxidation in which the hydroxyl radicals are generated. This model showed good performance when predicting the 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) concentration during the reaction.
Aged Raw Landfill Leachate: Membrane Fractionation, H2O2/UV Treatment and Molecular Size Distribution Analysis
Authors: Wang Fengqin , Smith Daniel W. , El-Din Mohamed Gamal
Published: November 2016

Treatment of an aged raw landfill leachate with H
Simultaneous Decomposition of Diesel Particulate Material and NOx Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Yamagata Yukihiko , Niho Koichiro , Jono Toshifumi , Kawagashira Yozo , Muraoka Katsunori
Published: November 2016

We propose a new technique for simultaneous decomposition of diesel particulate material (DPM) and nitric oxides (NOx) exhausted from a diesel engine. DPM and NOx are collected in a reactor using an electrostatic precipitation and a honeycomb-shaped adsorbent, respectively. After the sufficient collections, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is generated in the closed space to condense and decompose DPM and NOx. DPM and NOx were decomposed simultaneously and effectively by the DBD, which act as the oxidant and reductant, respectively. It is considered that this technique is the most suitable for the decomposition of DPM and NOx with small concentration and high gas flow rate.
Energetic of the Oxidation of NOx by Ozone Using a Simple Molecular Model in a Computational Chemistry Scheme
Authors: Jaroszyńska-Wolińska J.
Published: November 2016

Several chemical methods have been designed for the removal of nitrogen oxide pollutants from gaseous waste streams. One of these is based on the oxidation of NO
Piezoelectrical Properties of Plasma Layers Zn-Bi-O
Authors: Dopierała Daniel , Ziaja Jan
Published: November 2016

The paper presents specific piezoelectric properties of thin layers of zinc oxide modified with bismuth (Zn-Bi-O). The purpose of the presented work was to find the relation between the technological parameters of receiving thin films (density power deposited on target, reactive gas pressure, distance from the substrate to the target) and the piezoelectric properties d
Using Titania Photocatalysts to Degrade Toluene in a Combined Adsorption and Photocatalysis Process
Authors: Zou Linda Y. , Luo Yonggang , Hu Eric J.
Published: November 2016

Three types of titania supported materials including titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide composite, titania-coated activated carbon and titania-coated glass beads were prepared and used as photocatalysts to remove toluene from an air stream. Their surface areas were analysed. TEM image reveals titania-silica composites were nanostructured aggregates. XRD was used to determine their crystalline phase which was 100% anatase for the titania component. A fixed bed reactor was designed and built in the laboratory, the toluene with initial concentration of 300 ppm (1149 mg/m
Photodegradation of Malachite Green Using Immobilized TiO2 and Factorial Design
Authors: Palacios Patricio , Lizama Cristian , Caneo Cecilia , Ollino Mario
Published: November 2016

The effect of the variables: initial pH (4-10), concentration of the dye (3-17 ppm), irradiation wavelength (254-360 nm) and sustrate: H
Influence of Aqueous Solubility of Various VOCs on Their Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: Raillard C. , Héquet V. , Le Cloirec P.
Published: November 2016

The present work follows a study that permitted to enlighten the influence of TiO
Photochromic and Photocatalytic Inorganic-Organic Multilayer Films based on Polyoxometalates and Poly(ethylenimine)
Authors: Triantis T. M. , Troupis A. , Chassiotou I. , Papaconstantinou E.
Published: November 2016

Original photochromic and photocatalytic multilayer films are produced by the polyoxometalate (POM) SiW
Integration of Environmental and Economic Performance of Processes. Case Study on Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Muñoz Ivan , Malato Sixto , Rodríguez Amadeo , Domènech Xavier
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper is to introduce an easy-to-use environmental-economic index (EEI) which can be used for comparative purposes when assessing processes and services. The EEI differs from traditional ratiobased Eco-efficiency indicators, since it is defined instead as the sum of two components, one corresponding to environmental performance and the other to economic performance. In order to show the calculation of this index and its potential usefulness, it is used in an example where several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment are compared based on their life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and life-cycle cost. The options assessed are: solar-driven photo-Fenton, lamp-driven photo-Fenton, and ozonation. Solar-driven photo- Fenton appears as the preferable option from an integrated environmental-economic point of view, if the environmental and economic dimensions are equally weighed. The case study shows that EEI captures, in a single score, both environmental and economic information from a given set of alternative options, allowing us to assess their relative performance in a simple way.
Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Phthalic Acid on TiO2 and ZnO
Authors: Melián E. Pulido , Díaz O. González , Rodríguez J. M. Doña , Araña J. , Melián J. A. Herrera , Peña J. Pérez
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic degradation of phthalic acid (H
Ozonation of Landfill Leachates: Treatment Optimization by Factorial Design
Authors: Frontistis Zacharias , Xekoukoulotakis Nikolaos P. , Diamadopoulos Evan , Mantzavinos Dionissios
Published: November 2016

The ozonation of landfill leachates in a bubble column was investigated concerning the effect of operating parameters, such as initial organic loading (from 550 to 5500 mg/L dissolved COD), reaction time (from 60 to 360 min) and ozone gas phase concentration (from 19 to 38 mg/L) on treatment efficiency implementing a factorial experimental design. All three parameters tested, as well the second order interaction between initial COD and ozone had a statistically significant, positive impact on COD removal. At increased COD loadings and a maximum ozone concentration of 38 mg/L, COD was the single most important factor affecting both COD and phenols removal. Treatment of the raw leachate (5500 mg/L COD) for 360 min and maximum ozone concentration led to 50% COD removal with a first-order kinetic constant of 2.2 10
Degradation of Phenylmercury Compounds by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Over α-Fe2O3
Authors: Navío J. A. , Cerrillos C. , Macias M. , Pradera M. A.
Published: November 2016

We report here on the degradation of diphenylmercury and monophenylmercury chloride in air-equilibrated aqueous solutions by heterogeneous photocatalysis over α-Fe
Epoxidation of Allyl Alcohol to Glycidol over Titanium-Silicalite Ti-Beta and Ti-MCM-41 Catalysts
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Fajdek Anna , Wajzberg Joanna , Milchert Eugeniusz
Published: November 2016

Epoxidation of allyl alcohol with 30% hydrogen peroxide over Ti-Beta and Ti-MCM-41 catalysts has been studied under atmospheric pressure in the presence of methanol as a solvent. The influence of the following parameters: temperature (20-60˚C), AA/H
Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol in a Continuous Reactor Containing Titanium Dioxide Supported on Glass Beads
Authors: Yurdakala S. , Loddo V. , Palmisanob G. , Augugliarob V. , Berbera H. , Palmisano L.
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous solution was performed by using a continuous fixed bed annular photoreactor. Titanium dioxide was used as the photocatalyst, supported as thin film on Pyrex glass beads. The influence of different operative parameters as substrate and oxygen concentrations, volumetric flow rate and incident photonic flow on the kinetics was studied. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model has been satisfactorily fitted to the experimental results and its parameters have been determined. The true value of the kinetic constant can not be determined as the model contains a parameter very difficult to be measured, i.e. the total surface area active for the occurrence of photoreaction.
Removal of Color Compounds from Recycled Water Using Combined Activated Carbon Adsorption and AOP Decomposition
Authors: Zhu Bo , Zou Linda
Published: November 2016

In this study, a hybrid adsorbent (TiO
Preparation of Co-doped TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of NOx in Air under Visible Light
Authors: Bengtsson Nicklas , Castellote Marta , López-Muñoz María José , Cerro Luis
Published: November 2016

Co-doped visible light active photocatalysts were obtained by chemical modification of TiO
Photocatalytic Treatment of A Dye Polluted Industrial Effluent With A Solar Pilot-Scale CPC Reactor
Authors: Colina –Márquez Jose , López-Vásquez Andrés , Díaz Diana , Rendón Andrés , Machuca-Martínez Fiderman
Published: November 2016

Printing and textile industries produce considerable amounts of dye polluted wastewater. Most of these residues are non-biodegradable and are persistent in the environment. The TiO
Evaluation of the Algaecide Activity of Titanium Dioxide on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Authors: Ramirez Aníbal Maury , De Belie Nele
Published: November 2016

Under certain environmental conditions, autoclaved aerated concrete has evidenced serious problems due to the easy growth of micro-organisms such as algae. In order to prevent this situation, traditional preventive practices such as water repellents and biocide agents have been studied. Nevertheless, these efforts have not led to a complete elimination of the problem. Based on the evidence that TiO
Detailed Investigation on the Effect of Washing TiO2 Prepared from Tisalts Flocculated Wastewater Sludge
Authors: El Saliby Ibrahim J. , Okour Yosef H. , Shon Ho K. , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu , Kandasamy Jaya , Kim J.-H.
Published: November 2016

In this study, the effect of washing TiO
Coupling of Adsorption on Zeolite and V-UV Irradiation for the Treatment of VOC Containing Air Streams: Effect of TiO2 on the VOC Degradation Efficiency
Authors: Biomorgi José , Haddou Ménana , Oliveros Esther , Maurette Marie-Thérèse , Benoit-Marquié Florence
Published: November 2016

We have investigated the efficiency of the coupling of adsorption on a zeolite material (DAY) and UV or V-UV irradiation for the treatment of VOC containing air streams. We have compared the efficiency of photodegradation of two pollutants (1-butanol and toluene) in the absence and in the presence of TiO2 deposited on DAY (DAY/TiO
Anaerobic Photocatalytic Oxidation of Carbohydrates in Aqueous Pt/TiO2 Suspensions with Simultaneous Production of Hydrogen
Authors: Kondarides Dimitris I. , Patsoura Alexia , Verykios Xenophon E.
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic degradation of a variety of carbohydrates in solution, including mono-, di-, and poly-saccharides, has been investigated under unaerated conditions with the use of a Pt/TiO2 catalyst and a solar light simulating source. It has been found that, even in the absence of oxygen, complete oxidation of carbohydrates toward CO
Sterilization Techniques for Soil Remediation and Agriculture Based on Ozone and AOP
Authors: Pawłat Joanna , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Ebihara Kenji
Published: November 2016

The sterilizing and remediation effects of the non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas are known for decades. Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasmas are considered as a promising alternative to conventional sterilizing methods, which have numerous drawbacks. Influence of various parameters such as discharge regimes, reactor geometries, gases, etc., on formation and effectiveness of plasma were investigated by many research groups. This paper presents the review of recently developed, environmentally safe technologies applied for the agriculture and soil remediation. The results of ozone soil sterilization and ozone influence on the DNA structure of Escherichia coli are described. The results of oxidants’ influence on humic acid are presented.
Design of In Situ Fenton Oxidation Based on the Integration of Experimental and Numerical Modelling
Authors: Baciocchi Renato , Ciotti Cesare , Cleriti Giacomo , Innocenti Ivan , Nardella Alessandro
Published: November 2016

Criteria for the design of In-Situ Fenton Oxidation (ISFO) is proposed and applied to the development of a pilot-scale treatment of a former refinery site contaminated by hydrocarbons. The proposed criteria takes in account both the regulatory and technical constraints that typically characterize the application of in situ remediation technologies. The proposed design strategy of the ISFO treatment is based on coupling experimental and numerical modelling of the ISFO treatment in an iterative way. Batch tests are performed first, allowing to select the optimal operating conditions and the data on hydrogen peroxide decomposition kinetics. These data, together with the hydro-geological information collected in the field, are then used for the numerical modelling of the ISFO treatment, which allows to define the pilot plant layout and operating conditions and to evaluate the effective delivery of the oxidant and the hydraulic gradient developed in the field. These data are then used to design column scale tests aimed to evaluate the effective hydrogen peroxide longevity, the process performance and the extent of gas production from hydrogen peroxide decomposition.
Photocatalytic Reduction Reaction in Air Using Au Nanoparticle-Loaded TiO2
Authors: Ihara Tatsuhiko , Akamatsu Kazufumi , Yamamoto Yuuka , Iriyama Yu
Published: November 2016

We examined the in-air photocatalytic property of nanometer-sized Au particle-loaded TiO
Carbon-modified TiO2 as Photocatalysts
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2016

Photocatalysis belongs to one of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). These processes make possible the decomposition of organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. The most useful photocatalyst is titanium dioxide which, to make it active, requires irradiation with suitable wavelengths. Pure titanium dioxide can be activated only by ultraviolet light irradiation (UV). For a long time, studies have been carried on modified titanium dioxide materials to obtain more effective photocatalysts with greater activity under UV light irradiation or to obtain photocatalysts which may be active also under visible light irradiation. One of the possible ways for modifying TiO
Photocatalytic Activity for NO Degradation by Construction Materials: Parametric Study andMultivariable Correlations
Authors: Bengtsson N. , Castellote M.
Published: November 2016

Various standards have been published in an effort to rationalize and unify the evaluation and quantification of photocatalytic activity. The experimental conditions stated in the published standards and test methods differ in many aspects that make it very difficult to compare different results. This paper focuses on the influence of the different parameters involved in the photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic active material consists of white mortar, surface coated by TiO
Degradation of Ibuprofen Sodium Salt in a Hybrid Photolysis – Membrane Distillation System Utilizing Germicidal UVC Lamp
Authors: Mozia Sylwia , Tsumura Tomoki , Toyoda Masahiro , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2016

The present paper describes photodegradation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen sodium salt (C
Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red G by Bismuth Titanate in Three-phase Fluidized Bed Photoreactor
Authors: Liu Hong , Shon Ho Kyong , Okour Yousef , Song Weikun , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu
Published: November 2016

The objectives of this study were to prepare a high-performance bismuth titanate photocatalyst and to develop a novel photocatalytic reactor with three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed photoreactor (TPICFBP). Bismuth titanate photocatalyst was hydrothermally prepared under optimum operating parameters such as hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of Bi to Ti. The photocatalytic activity of bismuth titanate using TPICFBP was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red G (ARG). The photodegradation of ARG over Bi
Ozonation of Municipal Secondary Effluent; Removal of Hazardous Micropollutants and Related Changes of Organic Matter Composition
Authors: Domenjoud Bruno , Cortés-Francisco Nuria , Guastalli Andrea R. , Caixach Josep , Esplugas Santiago , Baig Sylvie
Published: November 2016

The major part of the regulated priority substances and family of compounds defined in the European Water Framework Directive and some other organic micropollutants were tracked in a municipal biotreated secondary effluent. Micropollutants detected in the effluent were subjected to different ozone doses related to different oxidation extents. Ozone confirmed its efficiency in terms of micropollutant reduction when applied to a municipal biotreated effluent. Accordingly, it achieved reductions exceeding 70% for 91% of the pollutants detected at high ozone dose. Organic matter transformation was also investigated by both controlling evolution of surrogates - including chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, UV
Visible Light Induced Photodegradation of Capsicum Red Pigment by Tm/TiO2-Loaded Cotton
Authors: Wang Chaoxia , Zhang Kairui , Fang Guiquan , Wang Chunying , Fu Shaohai
Published: November 2016

Cotton fabric loaded by Tm/TiO
Simulation of NOx Removal in NO/N2 Pulse Discharge System
Authors: Yu Qi , Li Ling-wei , Guo Ming-xia , Zeng Ke-si , Yu Gang
Published: November 2016

A mathematical model was developed to describe the behavior of species in NO/N
Photooxidation in Combination with Nanotechnologies - Principles, Developments and R&D Approaches of an Advanced Technology for Water and Air Treatment - Uviblox®
Authors: Seitz Frank , Pollmann Katrin , Mackenzie Katrin , Opiolka Siegfried
Published: November 2016

Many organic and oxidizable inorganic substances are main targets for oxidation and destruction during treatment, purification and disinfection of contaminated ground water, waste water, air, soil and waste gas and odor. Uviblox® technology uses the effects of photooxidation and photocatalytical processes by middle and low pressure UV lamps for technical systems. There are many possibilities for combination and optimisation of photooxidation with other technologies like nanotechnologies. Degradation processes can be enforced by nano structures of photocatalysts significantly. Different approaches are strongly pursued in research & development projects like NanoAqua, Fe-NANOSIT and nanoblox. These projects search for different ways of applying and handling the photocatalytical nano particles like TiO
Temperature Distribution in the Gliding Arc Discharge Chamber
Authors: Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Diatczyk Jarosław , Pawłat Joanna
Published: November 2016

Low temperature, non-equilibrium plasma was generated during gliding arc discharge in a multi-electrode reactor at atmospheric pressure. Various diagnostic methods to determine electrons and gas temperature were used. Hot electrons’ temperature has been determined by optical spectroscopy. In the case of gas temperature, which is much lower, it was determined directly by the thermovision camera to avoid tedious calculations from the spectral lines. The results of the plasma diagnostics generated by gliding arc for different process gases and their flow rates are presented and discussed. Simplified diagnostic method would be very perspective for monitoring of various technological processes where plasma is used such as treatment of flue gases, wastes utilization, deodorization, disinfection and sterilization, material processing and new material manufacturing for application in microelectronics and nanotechnologies.
TiO2 Nano-cluster Thin Films by Dense Plasma Focus and Ion Implantation Effect on its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Macharaga G. , Rawat R.S. , Deen G. Roshan , Lee P. , Tan T.L. , Springham S.V.
Published: November 2016

Titanium dioxide (TiO
Influence of Contaminants on Arc Properties during Treatment of Polluted Soils in Electric Arc Plasma
Authors: Raniszewski Grzegorz , Kolacinski Zbigniew , Szymanski Lukasz
Published: November 2016

One of the most effective method of contaminated soil utilization is thermal plasma arc treatment. Assuming that electric arc is immersed under the ground level - it is placed only in mineral atmosphere. Components from utilized soil are the source of these minerals. A furnace with the immersed arc-plasma has been elaborated for solid waste treatment purposes. To establish the influence of particular minerals on the discharge, a model where particular elements can penetrate the arc plasma channel has been made. The discharge takes place in a mineral atmosphere, similarly to the immersed arc plasma waste utilization. Subsequently, the arc temperature was measured. A measurement based on the two spectral lines method with Abel inversion, independent of the plasma chemistry was used. A new utilization method of soil wastes using an immersed arc with efficiency up to 98% has been described. Experimental results from the research has been presented and mineral plasma composition has been calculated and compared.
Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton, Photo-Fenton Processes and their Modification
Authors: Krzysztoszek Agata , Naumczyk Jeremi
Published: November 2016

Efficiency of leachate treatment in Fenton, photo-Fenton processes and their modifications was studied. Process was modified by leachate acidification, followed by the precipitate separation and continuing the processes. Acidification to pH 2.0 and 3.0 led to 34.3% and 18.9% COD removal respectively. The efficiency of the processes was decreasing as follows: modified photo-Fenton pH 2.0 (96.5% COD removal) > photo-Fenton pH 2.0 (95.0%) > modified photo-Fenton pH 3.0 (89.2%) > photo-Fenton pH 3.0 (85.9%) > modified Fenton pH 2.0 (79.5%) > Fenton pH 2.0 (77.6%) > modified Fenton pH 3.0 (64.8%) > Fenton pH 3.0 (63.5%). At the beginning of the processes the coagulation contribution was higher (up to 73% of total COD removal), while finally it was exceeded by Fenton reaction contribution (up to 66% of total COD removal). Empirical formula for Fenton reaction kinetics was proposed.
The Technological Parameters of Hydrochlorination of Glycerol to Dichloropropanols
Authors: Paździoch Waldemar M. , Milchert Eugeniusz , Krzyżanowska Anna M.
Published: November 2016

The influence of the kind and amount of catalyst, nature of solvent, the reaction time, removal of product from reaction mixture on the selectivity of transformation to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, chloropropanediols in relation to consumed glycerol and glycerol conversion has been presented.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Supercritical Water Oxidation of Refractory Organic Pollutants in Industrial Wastewaters
Authors: Guolin Jing , Mingming Luan , Tingting Chen
Published: November 2016

Catalytic supercritical water oxidation (CSCWO) is one of the most environmental-friendly advanced oxidation process. It makes a promising technology for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in industrial wastewaters. Various heterogeneous catalysts including metal oxides have been extensively studied to enhance the efficiency of CSCWO. The present review is concerned about the literatures published in this regard. Phenolics, carboxylic acids and N-containing compounds were taken as model pollutants in most cases, and oxides of Cr, Mn, Co, V, Cu, Zn, Al, Ti and Ce were applied as heterogeneous catalysts. Reports on their characterization and catalytic performances for the CSCWO of aqueous pollutants are reviewed. Discussions are also made on the reaction mechanisms and kinetics proposed for heterogeneous CSCWO.
Photodegradation of p-cresol in Aqueous Mn(1%)-Doped ZnO Suspensions
Authors: Abdollahi Yadollah , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Zakaria Azmi , Zainal Zulkarnain , Masoumi Hamid Reza Fard , Yusof Nor Azah
Published: November 2016

Photodegradation of p-cresol was carried out by a 1.0wt% Mn doped ZnO under visible light irradiation. The amount of photocatalyst, concentration of p-cresol and pH were studied as variables. The residue of p-cresol and mineralisation was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and TOC analyzer, respectively. The intermediate was detected by UPLC. The results showed the amount of photocatalyst and concentration of p-cresol was 1.5g/L and 35 ppm respectively. P-cresol photodegradation was favorable in the pH 6-9 range. The detected intermediate was 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. TOC studies show that 74% of total organic carbon was removed from solution during irradiation time. Reusability shows no significant reduction in photocatalytic performance in photodegrading p-cresol. This study indicates that 1.0 wt% Mn doped ZnO can remove p-cresol from wastewater under visible light irradiation, and being more economic than UV irradiation could be applied on an industrial scale.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Acephate on ZnFe2O4-TiO2 Photocatalyst under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Fu Weina , Wang Yunhai , He Chi , Zhao Jinglian
Published: November 2016

The ZnFe
Decolorization of Methyl Orange Solution with Potassium Bromate under UV Irradiation
Authors: Zhong Jun Bo , He Xi yang , Li Jian zhang , Zeng Jun , Hu Wei
Published: November 2016

This report has demonstrated that the textile dye of Methyl Orange (MO) in water can be decolorized effectively in the presence of KBrO
Utilization of Ozone Based Techniques for Industrial Effluents Depuration and Reuse
Authors: Amaral-Silva Nuno , Martins Rui C. , Castro-Silva Sérgio , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M.
Published: November 2016

Water savings, reclamation and reuse in industry are topics of increasing economic interest due to water scarcity and costs. The search for an efficient and economical method to the depuration of two different effluents, namely from vegetable wash (VW) and chemical production (CP), was investigated by advanced oxidation processes as direct ozonation and O
Multiobjective Optimization of an Electroxidation Process of Biologically Pre-Treated Landifill Leachate by Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Function Approach
Authors: Del Moro G. , Barca E. , Di Iaconi C. , Palmisano F. , Mascolo G.
Published: November 2016

The optimization of the electrochemical step in a combined (biological and electro-oxidative) landfill leachate treatment was performed using a two stages approach, response surface methodology coupled with the desirability function. Four constraints were imposed, namely the discharge limit for COD (i.e. 160 mg / L), the maximization of color removal, the minimization of both residual chlorine and specific energy consumption. Each variable was modeled employing a second-order regression model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed coefficient of determination (R
Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation of Ultrafiltration Permeates from Cellulose Bleaching Effluents
Authors: Salazar Claudio , Zaror Claudio A. , Mondaca María Angélica , González Patricia , Mansilla Hector , Peña Carlos
Published: November 2016

This paper reports experimental results on the use of electrochemical oxidation to reduce the organic load in ultrafiltration permeates from cellulose bleaching effluents. Alkaline and acid bleaching effluents from industrial production of ECF bleached kraft cellulose from pinewood, were treated by ultrafiltration at 20 kDa, 10 kDa and 1 kDa, using a laboratory scale high performance UF unit. Electrochemical treatment of UF permeate was conducted in a dual cell electro-reactor, featuring stainless steel cathode, and graphite, DSA-RuO2 and DSA-Pt anodes. Experiments were conducted under potentiostatic conditions, at 2V with current densities in the range 1-5 A/m
Influence of Volcanic Sand Surface Hydroxyl Groups on the Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Methylene Blue Contaminated Waters
Authors: Valdés Héctor , Godoy Héctor P. , Zaror Claudio A.
Published: November 2016

In this work, the influence of volcanic sand surface hydroxyl groups (Me-OH
Spatio-temporally Resolved Investigation of Surface Charges, N2(A3∑u+) Metastables and Discharge Development in Barrier Discharges
Authors: Bogaczyk Marc , Nemschokmichal Sebastian , Zagoskin Anton , Sretenović Goran B. , Meichsner Jürgen , Wagner Hans-Erich
Published: November 2016

To study the interaction of an insulated surface with the volume of a barrier discharge, a discharge cell was developed to combine for the first time three diagnostic techniques in ONE discharge cell configuration. The discharge development was investigated by the cross-correlation-spectroscopy (CCS), the surface charge measurement on the dielectrics by the application of the optoelectronic Pockels effect in combination with a CCD camera, and the determination of the metastable N
Application of Ozonation, UV Photolysis, Fenton Treatment and other Related Processes for Degradation of Ibuprofen and Sulfamethoxazole in Different Aqueous Matrices
Authors: Epold Irina , Dulova Niina , Veressinina Yelena , Trapido Marina
Published: November 2016

Two pharmaceuticals ibuprofen (IBP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were treated with ozone and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): UV photolysis, O
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of an Adsorbent/Photocatalyst Type Alumina by Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Villarreal-Valencia Tania , Machuca-Martínez Fiderman , Mueses Miguel Angel
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we present the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of a potential semiconductor obtained from industrial slugde of anodizing industry. The material was characterized using a proton distribution affinity, PDA and conventional techniques like: atomic absorption, free moisture, zero point charge (ZPC), XDR and BET. The material was treated to temperatures between 300 and 1200 °C. It was found that the synthesized oxide has a high concentration of α and γ-alumina which has octaedric structure and a shortage of superficial protons. The absorption and photodegradation of methylene blue show that the alumina can be used like absorbent and photocatalysts.
The Influence of Technological Parameters on Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol in the Presence of CuCr2O4 Catalyst
Authors: Wołosiak-Hnat Agnieszka , Milchert Eugeniusz , Lewandowski Grzegorz
Published: November 2016

Glycerol hydrogenolysis was studied in the presence of CuCr2O4 catalyst both commercially available and prepared by co-precipitation. The two catalysts were characterised by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray microanalyses. CuCr2O4 prepared by co-precipitation method was used to study the influence of technological parameters on glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2- and 1,3- propanediol. The effect of temperature, hydrogen pressure, glycerol concentration, amount of catalyst and stirring speed was investigated.
Optimization of a Ti-MWW Catalysed Phenol Hydroxylation Process
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka
Published: November 2016

Abstracts

As a result of phenol hydroxylation, two useful products can be received: hydroquinone and pyrocatechol. In this work the hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide over the Ti-MWW catalyst has been studied. Optimization studies were performed by application of a statistical experimental design method utilizing a rotatable-uniform design. The influence of five parameters on the course of this process was examined: temperature (120-150°C), molar ratio of phenol/hydrogen peroxide (0.5-1.5), acetonitrile - solvent content (20- 50 wt%), catalyst - Ti-MWW content (8-18 wt%) and reaction time (60-120 min). The process description was based on four response functions: the conversion of phenol to organic compounds, the yield of pyrocatechol, the yield of hydroquinone and the conversion of phenol to tars. The most favourable parameters for the process of phenol hydroxylation were as follows: temperature 147-150°C, molar ratio of phenol/hydrogen peroxide 0.5-0.6, acetonitrile content 21-24 wt%, Ti-MWW content 10.3-10.6, reaction time 221-236 min. In summary, these the most favourable parameters allow one to obtain pyrocatechol with the yield of 18 mol%, hydroquinone with the yield of 20 mol%, at the conversion of phenol to organic compounds 38 mol% in relatively mild and safe conditions. These results also showed that Ti-MWWcatalyst can be a good substitute for TS-1 catalyst.