bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Truth on Gravity and Terrestrial Global Warming. Part II: The Regenerative Mass
Authors: DUMITRESCU Horia , CARDOS Vladimir , BOGATEANU Radu
Published: June 2022

The parabolic gravitized space {Rs, Re} = e3/2 Ker-1(3/4)•(1010-1012)m, back-scattering of radiant energy at the onset of light, or the depth of gravity field, engenders a thermodynamic field upon caustic developable surfaces characterized by certain caustic developable polar (twisted ) curves, where the surrounding of their tangent lines (or rulings) envelop embodied matter or gravitized mass. In contrast to the gravity polarization (Ker = ¾) of photon nature (e, e2, e3), occurring reversible cyclical processes with excess energy, the thermal polarization (Ker = 2/3) can produce cross exchanges of heat, matter and work with the surrounding area in the inverse order, i.e. in a reversed cycle, only in the case of microscopic atomic-molecular structures of statistical nature (principle of the microscopic reversibility). At the macroscale, such a reciprocating mass process, together with its conservation, is possible only for self-regenerating matter processes. The relative mass concept and invariance of regenerative mass process along with its frozen metastable equilibrium are considered, including the time quantization (clock’s law) as the half-life of mass (gravitized matter).
Comparative evaluation of DES and SAS turbulence models for incompressible flow in a Venturi tube
Authors: TOLENTINO San Luis , GONZÁLEZ Omar , MÍREZ Jorge
Published: June 2022

Computational fluid dynamics employs the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models and combines both models to perform a hybrid RANS/LES simulation of the transient state flow field, within which there are the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) models. In the present work, the objective is to evaluate the DES and SAS turbulence models for flow (water) in a Venturi tube, for 2D computational domains. The domain was discretized for grids with quadrilateral cells, and the flow field was studied for four flow rates. The results of the pressure flow field simulations for the DES and SAS models were compared with experimental data reported in the literature, which fit the experiments. However, the DES k-ε model presented a negative pressure drop for a region of the flow adjacent to the wall, at the entrance of the throat section, the other models DES S-A, DES SST k-ω and SAS presented positive pressures. The discharge coefficients yielded values in the range of 0.94-0.951, which were lower than the experiments, for errors in the range of 1.57-2.76%.
Collective Skill Formation Regimes in Times of Covid-19: A Governance-Focused Analysis of the German Dual Training System
Authors: Fassbender Uwe
Published: June 2022

Context: Covid-19 poses major challenges for vocational education and training (VET), as VET—in contrast to general education—is closely linked to the economic system and cannot escape the impact of current economic restrictions. Additionally, strict infection control regulations, as well as temporary school and company closures, inhibit the teaching of practical skills at the workplace. Rapid action by the responsible actors is essential to ensure that VET can take place even under these difficult conditions. It can be assumed that both the complex decision-making processes and the multiplicity of actors involved in collective training systems complicate or delay the reaction to this exogenous shock. Using the example of the German dual training system, this explorative article aims to examine the ability of collective training systems to deal with the challenges posed by the pandemic. Methods: Based on a document analysis, various publications (e.g., press releases, reports) by central actors of the German dual system were reviewed, which provided information about the provision of training activities as well as the measures taken or required to counteract the pandemic-related consequences for dual apprenticeships. This corpus of literature was expanded by scientific studies and publications from national or international institutions related to VET. Following a governance-analytical and actor-centred perspective, the documents were analysed with regard to the indications they provide about the realised coordination of action between the actors, the realised processes and outcomes, as well as the levels affected within the VET system.Findings: The way of dealing with the crisis demonstrates that the German dual system is influenced by the actions of various actors at multiple levels. Actors who are involved in the decision-making processes share common interests, resulting in a strategically bound cooperation among them. However, influence or power from bottom-up seems to be rather limited, as not all of the actors considered in this study are included in essential governance processes. Despite the comprehensive reactions to the pandemic, problems and optimisation needs are also apparent, e.g. with regard to vocational orientation or the support of vocational schools.Conclusion: Despite its complexity, the dual system as a collective training model is capable of acting and adapting to face the challenges posed by the pandemic. This may also be due to the historically entrenched corporatist structures within the dual system: Even in times of crisis, the trust in this historically evolved institutional framework leads to a high degree of accountability and cooperation among the decisive actors.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE ALUMINIUM STRUCTURE IN FIRE CONDITIONS
Authors:   University of Split, Faculty of civil engineering, architecture and geodesy, Milan Duje , Torić Neno ,   University of Split, Faculty of civil engineering, architecture and geodesy, Boko Ivica ,   University of Split, Faculty of civil engineering, architecture and geodesy
Published: June 2022

In this study, a performance analysis of a simple aluminum (EN AW-6061 T6) structure is presented under fire conditions. A simple structure was also analyzed in a steel (S235) building variant for comparison purposes. All loads were determined in accordance with Eurocode rules. Internal forces were calculated using the SCIA Engineer 19.1. Cross-section resistances and element stability checks were performed using EN1993-1-1 and EN1993-1-2 for steel and EN1999-1-1 and EN1999-1-2 for aluminum. The main conclusion of this study is that aluminum, although initially more expensive than steel, can offer rational solutions for structures in which the difference in structural performance in fire conditions between aluminum and steel is not sufficiently drastic to yield significantly higher costs for fire protection in aluminum. Furthermore, aluminum building variants offer less mass, easier transport, and resistance to corrosion. Hence, for structures with the aforementioned factors as the main demands, aluminum can be a better option than steel.
Paraxial sharp-edge diffraction: a general approach
Authors: Borghi Riccardo
Published: June 2022

A general reformulation of classical sharp-edge diffraction theory is proposed within paraxial approximation. The, not so much known, Poincaré vector potential construction is employed directly inside Fresnel’s 2D integral in order for it to be converted into a single 1D contour integral over the aperture boundary. Differently from the recently developed paraxial revisitation of BDW’s theory, such approach should be applicable, in principle, to arbitrary wavefield distributions impinging onto arbitrarily shaped sharp-edge planar apertures. However, in those cases where such a conversion were not analytically achievable, our approach allows Fresnel’s integral to be easily converted, irrespective of the shape and the regularity features of the aperture geometry, into a double integral defined onto a square domain. A couple of interesting examples of application of the proposed method is presented.
Electro-optically tunable single-frequency lasing from neodymium-doped lithium niobate microresonators
Authors: Minet Yannick , Herr Simon J. , Breunig Ingo , Zappe Hans , Buse Karsten
Published: June 2022

Tunable light sources are a key enabling technology for many applications such as ranging, spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, digital imaging and interferometry. For miniaturized laser devices, whispering gallery resonator lasers are a well-suited platform, offering low thresholds and small linewidths, however, many realizations suffer from the lack of reliable tuning. Rare-earth ion-doped lithium niobate offers a way to solve this issue. Here we present a single-frequency laser based on a neodymium-doped lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonator that is tuned via the linear electro-optic effect. Using a special geometry, we suppress higher-order transverse modes and hence ensure single-mode operation. With an applied voltage of just 68 V, we achieve a tuning range of 3.5 GHz. The lasing frequency can also be modulated with a triangular control signal. The freely running system provides a frequency and power stability of better than

Δ
ν
=

20

MHz

and 6 %, respectively, for a 30-minute period. This concept is suitable for full integration with existing photonic platforms based on lithium niobate.
High-performance Ag2BiI5 Pb-free perovskite photodetector
Authors: Shuang Zihao , Zhou Hai , Wu Dingjun , Zhang Xuhui , Xiao Boao , Duan Jinxia , Wang Hao
Published: June 2022

Recently, lead-free all-inorganic halide perovskites have attracted great interest because they not only have the merits of the halide perovskite family, but also are non-toxic. However, the commercialization of lead-free all-inorganic perovskites is restricted by their relatively low performances, which are usually caused by the fabrication methods and undesirable interfaces between the active layer and carrier transport layers. Herein, we demonstrate a solution-processed route for high-quality

Ag

2

BiI

5

lead-free perovskite film by adopting ideal electron transport material

SnO

2

and a carbon electrode. By optimizing the fabrication process and tailoring the composition of the perovskite active layer, a high-performance photodetector (PD) with an

FTO
/

SnO

2

/

Ag

2

BiI

5

/
carbon

structure PD is first fabricated, which shows good self-powered performance with a detectivity of as high as

5.3
×

10

12

Jones and a linear dynamic range of up to 138 dB, which are better than those of the reported Pb-free perovskite PDs and comparable to high-performance Pb-based perovskite PDs. In addition, our unpackaged PDs show good light, thermal, and storage stability in air. Our results provide a special route for the development of lead-free perovskite devices in an environmentally friendly field.
Mucosal immunity of mannose-modified chitosan microspheres loaded with the nontyepable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein P6 in BALB/c mice
Authors: Ma Yushuai , Zhao Ying , Chen Rui , Sun Wanru , Zhang Yanxia , Qiao Haixia , Chang Yueli , Kang Shaoping , Zhang Yutuo
Published: June 2022

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nasopharynx. NTHi infections result in enormous global morbidity in two clinical settings: otitis media in children and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. Thus, there is an urgent need to design and develop effective vaccines to prevent morbidity and reduce antibiotic use. The NTHi outer membrane protein P6, a potential vaccine candidate, is highly conserved and effectively induces protective immunity. Here, to enhance mucosal immune responses, P6-loaded mannose-modified chitosan (MC) microspheres (P6-MCMs) were developed for mucosal delivery. MC (18.75%) was synthesized by the reductive amination reaction method using sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN), and P6-MCMs with an average size of 590.4±16.2 nm were successfully prepared via the tripolyphosphate (TPP) ionotropic gelation process. After intranasal immunization with P6-MCMs, evaluation of humoral immune responses indicated that P6-MCMs enhance both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Evaluation of cellular immune responses indicated that P6-MCMs enhance cellular immunity and trigger a mixed Th1/Th2-type immune response. Importantly, P6-MCMs also trigger a Th17-type immune response. They are effective in promoting lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation without toxicity in vitro. The results also demonstrate that P6-MCMs can effectively induce MHC class I- and II-restricted cross-presentation, promoting CD4+-mediated Th immune responses and CD8+-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses. Evaluation of protective immunity indicated that immunization with P6-MCMs can reduce inflammation in the nasal mucosa and the lung and prevent NTHi infection. In conclusion, MCMs are a promising adjuvant-delivery system for vaccines against NTHi.
Meta-analysis of studies on the impact of mobility disability simulation programs on attitudes toward people with disabilities and environmental in/accessibility
Authors: Ma Gloria Yuet Kwan , Mak Winnie W. S.
Published: June 2022

The reported equivocal evidence of the effectiveness of disability simulation programs in reducing ableist attitudes toward people with disabilities has led to a persistent debate about the suggested discontinuation of such simulation programs to avoid further reinforcement of ableism. The present research conducted a meta-analysis on 12 empirical studies evaluating the impact of mobility disability simulation programs on attitudes toward people with disabilities and environmental accessibility to better inform future research and practice. A citation search using keywords related to “disability” and “simulation” in the title and/or abstract in 11 major online databases (i.e., Cochrane, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, JSTOR, LearnTechLib, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted to retrieve relevant empirical articles that are published within the earliest dates of each database and June 2021 for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis using a random effects model revealed that participation in the simulation programs resulted in large effect sizes in increasing fear and anxiety [Cohen’s d = -1.51, 95% CI (-2.98, -.05), n = 2] but small effect sizes in improving conceptions of social inclusion at postsimulation [Cohen’s d = .24, 95% CI (.01, .47), n = 5] while reducing stereotypes toward people with disabilities at follow-up [Cohen’s d = .57, 95% CI (.10, 1.03), n = 3]. Inconclusive changes in the behavioral tendency of inclusion-promoting actions and stereotypes at postsimulation were found. The three exploratory moderators (i.e., the program duration, the presence of facilitators with disabilities, and the debriefing arrangement) were not statistically significantly associated with between-subgroup differences in the program’s effectiveness in reducing stereotypes toward people with disabilities. The findings informed a series of recommended reforms in the program message framing, formats of the simulation, scope and referents of outcome measures, incorporation of environmental perspectives and behavioral measures, and methodological quality of the program evaluation study.
Optic neuritis: A South African hospital-based prospective study protocol
Authors: Ally Naseer , Alli Hassan Dawood , Jeeva-Patel Trishal , Mochan Andre , Sadiq Eitzaz , Mayet Ismail , Kuenast Marianne , Rajkumar Leisha
Published: June 2022

Background

Optic neuritis is a relatively common disease with an estimated lifetime risk of 0.6 per 1000; the estimated prevalence is 1–5 per 100 000/year. It occurs because of inflammation of the optic nerve from a variety of causes. The diagnosis of the disorder is established clinically and current literature is predominantly based on white patients from high-income countries. Optic neuritis presents differently in black patients compared to white patients. This study aims to assess the presentation and outcome of optic neuritis patients in a South African setting.

Methods

This is a prospective, hospital-based cohort study that will enrol patients with optic neuritis presenting to either the neurology department at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital or the ophthalmology department at St John Eye Hospital, both in Johannesburg, South Africa. The specific aetiologies, clinical presentation and radiological findings will be studied, and the patient’s course over one year will be documented in three-monthly follow-up visits. A specific group of patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Associated Disorders (MOGAD) optic neuritis will be followed up for 5 years at yearly intervals.

Discussion

This study represents one of the few cohort studies in Sub-Saharan Africa that seeks to investigate optic neuritis. Our hope is that it will lead to better insights regarding the presentation, course and outcome of this condition. We will also analyse the data with a view of developing a predictive model for good visual outcome.
The effects of social rank and payoff structure on the evolution of group hunting
Authors: Jarvey Julie C. , Aminpour Payam , Bohm Clifford
Published: June 2022

Group hunting is common among social carnivores, and mechanisms that promote this behavior are a central topic in evolutionary biology. Increased prey capture success and decreased losses from competitors are often invoked as factors promoting group hunting. However, many animal societies have linear dominance hierarchies where access to critical resources is determined by social rank, and group-hunting rewards are shared unequally. Despite this inequality, animals in such societies cooperate to hunt and defend resources. Game theoretic models predict that rank and relative rewards from group hunting vs. solitary hunting affect which hunting strategies will evolve. These predictions are partially supported by empirical work, but data needed to test these predictions are difficult to obtain in natural systems. We use digital evolution to test how social rank and tolerance by dominants of subordinates feeding while sharing spoils from group hunting influence which hunting strategies evolve in digital organisms. We created a computer-simulated world to reflect social and hunting dynamics of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). We found that group hunting increased as tolerance increased and as the relative payoff from group hunting increased. Also, top-ranking agents were more likely to group hunt than lower-ranking agents under despotic sharing conditions. These results provide insights into mechanisms that may promote cooperation in animal societies structured by dominance hierarchies.
VEGF-C serum level is associated with response to bevacizumab maintenance therapy in primary ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Ding Yi , Oliveira-Ferrer Leticia , Vettorazzi Eike , Legler Karen , Milde-Langosch Karin , Woelber Linn , Jaeger Anna , Prieske Katharina , Mueller Volkmar , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Kuerti Sascha
Published: June 2022

Objective

At present, maintenance therapy with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab or with PARP-inhibitors represent two options for BRCA-wildtype ovarian cancer patients, after platinum-based first line chemotherapy. The identification of molecular markers to predict patient response to different maintenance therapies remains a major challenge. In the present study we analyzed the predictive potential of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) to identify ovarian cancer patients that might benefit from an antiangiogenic therapy.

Methods

101 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer were analyzed for serum levels of VEGF-A,–C and CA-125 by ELISA. Serum levels were compared between patients with low pT-stage (pT1a-pT2c n = 11), healthy individuals (n = 27) and patients with higher pT-stage (> = pT3 n = 90). Adjusted ROC curves and an adjusted logistic regression model were carried out to evaluate the potential impact of VEGF-A and -C, as well as CA-125 serum level concentration on bevacizumab-therapy response, under consideration of covariates such as FIGO, pM, pN and residual tumor after surgery.

Results

A patient which has in comparison twice the VEGF-C concentration in serum, has a significant increased chance of response to bevacizumab by a factor of 2.79. Further, only VEGF-C serum levels were significantly higher in the group of patients with lower pT-stage compared to healthy individuals, whereas VEGF-A or CA-125 serum levels could not discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with ovarian cancer at low pT-stages.

Conclusion

VEGF-C serum level might serve as as a biomarker to evaluate treatment response under bevacizumab.
Effect of physical exercise on muscle strength in adults following bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of different muscle strength assessment tests
Authors: Vieira Flávio Teixeira , de Oliveira Gabriela Sousa , Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos , Neri Silvia G. R. , de Carvalho Kênia Mara Baiocchi , Dutra Eliane Said
Published: June 2022

Individuals following bariatric surgery are considered at high risk for the development of sarcopenic obesity (excess fat mass, low muscle mass and low physical function), and exercise may play an important role in its prevention and treatment. We systematically reviewed 5 scientific databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) and 2 grey literature databases (ProQuest and Google Scholar) for clinical trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on muscle strength in adults following bariatric surgery and conducted a separate meta-analysis for studies that used different muscle strength tests. Random-effect models, restricted maximum likelihood method and Hedges’ g were used. The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020152142). Fifteen studies were included (638 patients), none had a low risk of bias, and all were included in at least 1 of the 5 meta-analyses (repetition maximum [lower and upper limbs], sit-to-stand, dynamometer, and handgrip tests). Exercise interventions improved both upper (effect size, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.41–1.01; I2= 0%) and lower (effect size, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.84–1.91; I2= 46.14) limb muscle strength, as measured by repetition maximum tests. Results were similar for the sit-to-stand (effect size, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.20–1.01; I2= 68.89%) and dynamometer (effect size, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.06–0.87; I2= 31.03%), but not for the handgrip test (effect size, 0.11; 95% CI, -0.42–0.63; I2= 73.27%). However, the certainty level of the meta-analyses was very low. Exercise with a resistance training component performed post bariatric surgery may improve muscle strength, which is related to sarcopenic obesity, functional capacity, and mortality risk, therefore should be included in the follow-up.
Quality of antenatal care and associated factors in public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailu Genet Atlabachew , Weret Zewdu Shewngizaw , Adasho Zerihun Adraro , Eshete Belete Melesegn
Published: June 2022

Background

Potentially, the risk of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and child birth can be prevented through comprehensive, quality antenatal care services. The high maternal mortality rate in developing countries, including Ethiopia, is related to poor quality of antenatal care services and is still a major public health problem. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of antenatal care and associated factors in public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a quantitative method from December 10 to January 30, 2020. A total of 616 study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using pre-tested structured interview administered questionnaires. The data was entered into Epi-info version 7.2.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify the presence and strength of the association between the outcome and predictor variables.

Results

Overall, 33% of pregnant women received good-quality antenatal care. Satisfaction with antenatal care service, antenatal care initiation time, maintaining confidentiality, and waiting time become significant predictors of the quality of antenatal care. As a result, a lack of confidential care (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI, (0.40, 0.88)), a long waiting time (AOR = 0.6, 95% CI, (0.48, 0.88)), and no satisfaction with ANC services (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI, (0.109, 0.36)) were identified as factors impeding the quality of antenatal care. While starting ANC later than four months of pregnancy was found to be a positive predictor of the quality of antenatal care (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: (1.21, 3.12)).

Conclusion

Only one-third of pregnant mothers received good quality antenatal care. Lack of confidential care, long waiting time and no satisfaction with antenatal care services were factors hindering the quality of antenatal care. While initiation of antenatal care after four months of pregnancy was a positive predictor of the quality of antenatal care.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency outpatient consultations and admissions of non-COVID-19 patients (ECCO)—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hangartner Nina , Di Gangi Stefania , Elbl Christoph , Senn Oliver , Bisatz Fadri , Fehr Thomas
Published: June 2022

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare facilities worldwide struggled to adequately care for the increasing number of COVID-19 patients while maintaining quality of care for all other patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the displacement and underuse of non-COVID-19 patient care in a medical department of a tertiary hospital in Switzerland. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, internal medicine admissions from 2017 to 2020, emergency outpatient visits from 2019 to 2020 and COVID-19 admissions in 2020 were analyzed and compared using a regression model. Internal medicine admissions were also stratified by diagnosis. A questionnaire was used to assess the pandemic experience of local general practitioners, referring hospitals, and nursing homes. The total number of admissions decreased during the 1st and 2nd waves of the pandemic but increased between the two waves. Elective admissions decreased in 2020 compared to pre-pandemic years: they represented 25% of total admissions in 2020 versus 30% of the total admissions during 2017–2019, p <0.001. Admissions for emergency reasons increased: 71% in 2020 versus 65% in 2017–2019, p < 0.001. Emergency outpatient consultations decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, 62.77 (14.70), mean (SD), weekly visits in 2020 versus 74.13 (13.98) in 2019, p<0.001. Most general practitioners and heads of referring hospitals also reported a decrease in consultations, especially during the 1st wave of the pandemic. Mental illnesses, anxiety or burn-out were perceived in both patients and staff in general practices and nursing homes. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the care of non-COVID-19 patients, particularly those with chronic illnesses. A shift of health care resources from non-COVID patients to COVID patients was observed. These findings could help institutions better manage such a situation in the future.
Automated evaluation of colon capsule endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis using ResNet50
Authors: Higuchi Naoki , Hiraga Hiroto , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Hiraga Noriko , Igarashi Shohei , Hasui Keisuke , Ogasawara Kohei , Maeda Takato , Murai Yasuhisa , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Kikuchi Hidezumi , Chinda Daisuke , Mikami Tatsuya , Matsuzaka Masashi , Sakuraba Hirotake , Fukuda Shinsaku
Published: June 2022

Capsule endoscopy has been widely used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for small or large intestinal lesions. In recent years, automated lesion detection systems using machine learning have been devised. This study aimed to develop an automated system for capsule endoscopic severity in patients with ulcerative colitis along the entire length of the colon using ResNet50. Capsule endoscopy videos from patients with ulcerative colitis were collected prospectively. Each single examination video file was partitioned into four segments: the cecum and ascending colon, transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum. Fifty still pictures (576 × 576 pixels) were extracted from each partitioned video. A patch (128 × 128 pixels) was trimmed from the still picture at every 32-pixel-strides. A total of 739,021 patch images were manually classified into six categories: 0) Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) 0, 1) MES1, 2) MES2, 3) MES3, 4) inadequate quality for evaluation, and 5) ileal mucosa. ResNet50, a deep learning framework, was trained using 483,644 datasets and validated using 255,377 independent datasets. In total, 31 capsule endoscopy videos from 22 patients were collected. The accuracy rates of the training and validation datasets were 0.992 and 0.973, respectively. An automated evaluation system for the capsule endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis was developed. This could be a useful tool for assessing topographic disease activity, thus decreasing the burden of image interpretation on endoscopists.
Stigma towards mental illness and help-seeking behaviors among adult and child psychiatrists in Hungary: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Őri Dorottya , Szocsics Péter , Molnár Tamás , Ralovich Fanni Virág , Huszár Zsolt , Bene Ágnes , Rózsa Sándor , Győrffy Zsuzsa , Purebl György
Published: June 2022

Objective

Stigma towards people with mental health problems is a growing issue across the world, to which healthcare providers might contribute. The aim of the present study was to explore psychiatrists’ attitudes towards their patients and link them to psychosocial and professional factors.

Methods

An online questionnaire was used to approach the in- and outpatient psychiatric services across Hungary. A total of 211 trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry participated in our study. Their overall stigmatizing attitudes were measured, with focus on attitude, disclosure and help-seeking, and social distance dimensions by using the self-report Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to elucidate the dimensions of stigma and its association with sociodemographic, professional and personal traits.

Results

Stigmatizing attitudes of close colleagues towards patients were statistically significant predictors of higher scores on the attitude [B = 0.235 (0.168–0.858), p = 0.004], the disclosure and help-seeking subscales [B = 0.169 (0.038–0.908), p = 0.033], and the total score of the OMS-HC [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Psychiatrists who had already sought help for their own problems had lower scores on the disclosure and help-seeking subscale [B = 0.202 (0.248–1.925), p = 0.011]. The overall stigmatizing attitude was predicted by the openness to participate in case discussion, supervision or Balint groups [B = 0.166 (0.178–5.886), p = 0.037] besides the more favorable attitudes of their psychiatrist colleagues [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016].

Conclusions

The favorable attitudes of psychiatrists are associated with their own experiences with any kind of psychiatric condition, previous help-seeking behavior and the opportunity to work together with fellow psychiatrists, whose attitudes are less stigmatizing. The perception of fellow colleagues’ attitudes towards patients and the openness to case discussion, supervision and Balint groups were the main two factors that affected the overall attitudes towards patients; therefore, these should be considered when tailoring anti-stigma interventions for psychiatrists.
Agility and change-of-direction speed are two different abilities also during the execution of repeated trials and in fatigued conditions
Authors: Ciocca Gianmarco , Tessitore Antonio , Tschan Harald
Published: June 2022

Agility and change of direction speed are two different abilities, but no study has investigated if this difference exists also in fatigued conditions, and whether fatigue develops in a different way in a repeated-trial scenario. Fourteen soccer players (age: 17.0 ± 0.4 yrs; height: 176.9 ± 6.5 cm; body mass: 69.2 ± 6.4 kg) competing in a national-level youth league completed in a randomized counter-balanced crossover design a repeated agility protocol (RA) and a repeated change-of-direction one (RCOD), both consisting in performing 20 consecutive repetitions (work:rest ratio 1:5). The 20 repetitions were divided into 4 blocks (each block containing 5 repetitions) for the analysis. Results show that agility and COD are two different abilities both in rest and fatigue conditions: block 1 RA vs 1 RCOD (p < 0.001; ES = 2.02 huge; r = 0.17 poor; r2 = 0.03), 2 RA vs 2 RCOD (p < 0.001; ES = 2.3 huge; r = 0.51 fair; r2 = 0.26), 3 RA vs 3 RCOD (p < 0.001; ES = 2.38 huge; r = 0.54 fair; r2 = 0.29), and 4 RA vs 4 RCOD (p < 0.001; ES = 2.7 huge; r = 0.41 fair; r2 = 0.17). However, the fatigue development in both conditions was similar, with a percentage decrement score (Sdec) of 7.5% for RA, and 7.3% for RCOD. Ratings of perceived exertions (RPE) were similar too (7.3 ± 1.7, and 6.6 ± 1.9, for RA and RCOD, respectively). However, a significant fatigue-related performance impairment arose earlier in RA (block 2) than in RCOD (block 3). Total RA and total RCOD times were significantly different (p < 0.001; ES = 2.65 huge; r = 0.41 fair; r2 = 0.17), suggesting that they are two different and independent abilities.
Telehealth in outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Casemiro Larissa Karoline Dias da Silva , Lopes-Júnior Luís Carlos , Jardim Fabrine Aguilar , Sulino Mariane Caetano , de Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions needs to be continuous and programmed, encompassing comprehensive care, with periodically scheduled consultations, exams, and procedures, to promote quality of life and reduce mortality. In the context of the new coronavirus pandemic, however, outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions, in person, was hampered in favor of social isolation, a necessary sanitary measure to reduce and prevent the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019. In response to this need, studies suggest telehealth in pediatrics as a fertile and expanding field especially in times of pandemics. Here, we aimed to map the evidence related to telehealth in outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify which strategies were implemented and their impacts on the continuity of care.

Methods

A scoping review protocol is reported and guided by the Scoping Reviews Manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search for evidence will cover the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Libary; Embase; Web of Science; Scopus; Cinahl and PsycINFO, plus additional sources, such as The British Library, Google Scholar, and Preprints [medRXiv]. No date or language restrictions will be employed in this scoping review. Two independent researchers will conduct the search strategy, study selection, data charting, and data synthesis.

Results

The findings will be presented through tables, charts, narrative summaries, and assessed based on the type of data charted as well as outcomes. Additionally, the meaning of these findings will be considered as they relate to the guiding question, the characterization and measurement of the impact of different telehealth modalities used in outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the implications for practice and further research.

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review to look specifically at the telehealth modalities to be used in outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect that our results will be of interest to practitioners as well as researchers concerned with this particular emerging issue in the pandemic context. Also, the plans for the dissemination of this study comprise peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.

trial registration

Open Science Framework Registration: osf.io/5pqgu.
Analysis of the vibration characteristics of tail beam of the hydraulic support under random coal gangue particle slip conditions
Authors: Wan Lirong , Wang Jiantao , Ma Dejian , Zeng Qingliang , Li Zhaoji , Yang Yang
Published: June 2022

To study the influence of the gangue content of coal gangue particles on the vibration signal of the tail beam under sliding condition, this paper combines three-dimensional(3D) laser scanning technology with the finite element method, establishes a finite element model of the real shape of coal gangue particles and the hydraulic support in top coal caving in LS-DYNA, analyzes the influence of gangue content on some characteristics of the acceleration signal on the tail beam in the time and frequency domains, and then studies the influence of the size and total mass of the rock, and the angle of the tail beam on the characteristics. The following conclusions are obtained: when the coal gangue particles slip on the tail beam, an increase in gangue content significantly improves the effective value of the acceleration signal of the tail beam in the time domain and the average power and average amplitude in the frequency domain. With different sizes, total masses, and tail beam angles, the increase in gangue content always causes an increase in acceleration signal characteristics. In terms of the influence of various factors on the same gangue content, at the same total mass, the larger the rock mass size is, the faster the characteristic value increases with the increase in gangue content. The greater the total mass, the greater the value of the acceleration signal characteristics. A smaller angle between the tail beam and the ground increases the value of each characteristic. The results of this study provide a reference for further research on coal gangue identification based on vibrations.
Diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muche Ewunie Temesgen , Sisay Daniel , Kabthymer Robel Hussen
Published: June 2022

Background

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia that has a profound impact on the health care system. However, no systematic synthesis and meta-analysis has been performed to depict the national prevalence. Hence, we authors aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia.

Methods

We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 eligible studies on the national prevalence of DM and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. We searched PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, from August 01 up to October 28, 2021, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Analysis was done using STATA version 14 software. Heterogeneity was checked using the I-squared test, and the publication bias was examined by funnel plot and eggers test. Moreover, Sensitivity analysis was done to check the influence of small studies on the outcome. The trim and fill analysis was performed to estimate the potentially missing articles because of publication bias.

Result

Total of 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included and the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was 6.26 (95%CI: 4.74–7.78). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the studies conducted in 2017 and before was 4.56 (95%CI: 2.98–6.14) but in studies done after 2017 was 7.55(95%CI: 4.69–10.41). The burden of diabetes mellitus was 5.79 times higher among those adults who had central obesity (OR = 5.79; 95%CI; 3.14–10.70), 5.70 times higher among adults who had overweight/obesity (OR = 5.70, 95%CI: 3.35–9.70).

Conclusion

The national prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Ethiopia was higher and associated with central obesity, and overweight/obesity. Hence, the government of Ethiopia and stakeholders should give attention to strengthen the current health system regarding non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight.
Stress- and metabolic responses of Candida albicans require Tor1 kinase N-terminal HEAT repeats
Authors: Qi Wanjun , Acosta-Zaldivar Maikel , Flanagan Peter R. , Liu Ning-Ning , Jani Niketa , Fierro José F. , Andrés María T. , Moran Gary P. , Köhler Julia R.
Published: June 2022

Whether to commit limited cellular resources toward growth and proliferation, or toward survival and stress responses, is an essential determination made by Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) for a eukaryotic cell in response to favorable or adverse conditions. Loss of TORC1 function is lethal. The TORC1 inhibitor rapamycin that targets the highly conserved Tor kinase domain kills fungal pathogens like Candida albicans, but is also severely toxic to human cells. The least conserved region of fungal and human Tor kinases are the N-terminal HEAT domains. We examined the role of the 8 most N-terminal HEAT repeats of C. albicans Tor1. We compared nutritional- and stress responses of cells that express a message for N-terminally truncated Tor1 from repressible tetO, with cells expressing wild type TOR1 from tetO or from the native promoter. Some but not all stress responses were significantly impaired by loss of Tor1 N-terminal HEAT repeats, including those to oxidative-, cell wall-, and heat stress; in contrast, plasma membrane stress and antifungal agents that disrupt plasma membrane function were tolerated by cells lacking this Tor1 region. Translation was inappropriately upregulated during oxidative stress in cells lacking N-terminal Tor1 HEAT repeats despite simultaneously elevated Gcn2 activity, while activation of the oxidative stress response MAP kinase Hog1 was weak. Conversely, these cells were unable to take advantage of favorable nutritional conditions by accelerating their growth. Consuming oxygen more slowly than cells containing wild type TOR1 alleles during growth in glucose, cells lacking N-terminal Tor1 HEAT repeats additionally were incapable of utilizing non-fermentable carbon sources. They were also hypersensitive to inhibitors of specific complexes within the respiratory electron transport chain, suggesting that inefficient ATP generation and a resulting dearth of nucleotide sugar building blocks for cell wall polysaccharides causes cell wall integrity defects in these mutants. Genome-wide expression analysis of cells lacking N-terminal HEAT repeats showed dysregulation of carbon metabolism, cell wall biosynthetic enzymes, translational machinery biosynthesis, oxidative stress responses, and hyphal- as well as white-opaque cell type-associated genes. Targeting fungal-specific Tor1 N-terminal HEAT repeats with small molecules might selectively abrogate fungal viability, especially when during infection multiple stresses are imposed by the host immune system.
Decolonizar la educación teológica. Ensayo de transformación decolonial de la teología europea
Authors: Silber Stefan
Published: June 2022

En el pasado, el cristianismo servía para legitimar y expandir el dominio colonial. Si en el presente pretende ser utilizado como herramienta de liberación decolonial, necesita una transformación profunda y muchas veces dolorosa. La educación teológica en la universidad tiene una responsabilidad grande de apoyar este proceso de transformación y decolonización. Las teologías decoloniales emergentes en todo el mundo pueden servir como ejemplo y prueba de que esta transformación es posible. Para decolonizar la educación teológica europea se precisará detectar y deconstruir la colonialidad tanto de sus discursos, conceptos y epistemologías (3.1) como de sus estructuras de poder y modos de emplearlas (3.2). Es preciso prestar atención a las actitudes y los actos de resistencia que encuentra la teología en el ejercicio tanto de su enseñanza como de las prácticas eclesiales y asumirlas (3.3). Además, la educación teológica debe aprender de alternativas teológicas que se producen en todas las partes del mundo (3.4) para que pueda contribuir sinceramente a la liberación decolonial protagonizada por los pueblos anteriormente colonizados.
(De)colonialidade da ideia de infância na educação latino-americana e caribenha
Authors: Leme Garcez Maria Cecilia , Alberton Pozzer Suzan
Published: June 2022

O artigo objetiva reconhecer a importância das categorias infância, vulnerabilidade infantil e (de)colonialidade educativa e apresentar propostas educativas na perspectiva decolonial a partir de leituras reflexivas nascidas no continente latino-americano e caribenho. Através de revisão bibliográfica e análise crítica, as autoras ressaltam aspectos significativos da história da infância no continente, antes e depois da chegada dos colonizadores. Busca-se abordar as relações tecidas por violências, vulnerabilidades e desigualdades de acesso e desenvolvimento, envolvendo crianças em seus diferentes contextos, oriundas das leituras de infância construídas pelos adultos. Neste sentido, (de)colonizar a ideia de infância na educação latino-americana e caribenha tem o intuito de promover novos olhares em relação às crianças em sua totalidade. Um caminho de análise para apreender o nascimento e evolução da ideia de infância, assim como as marcas de (de)colonialidade e vulnerabilização que nela existem, é a revisão das ideias e práticas educativas institucionalizadas ao longo da história. No caso da América Latina e Caribe, essa abordagem pode ser realizada com a aproximação às ideias e práticas educativas surgidas e/ou impostas no continente.
Effect of glycerol on the properties of coconut oil cake reinforced poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Sumathy  Raj Sachin , Chellapandian Thiruvasagam , Nanjappan Balakrishnan
Published: June 2022

The effect of the addition of 10-25 wt% coconut oil cake (COC) on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was studied. PLA/COC (80/20) composite showed better mechanical properties and higher thermal stability than PLA. Glycerol used as a plasticizer further improved tensile and flexural mechanical properties, as well as the impact strength and the ability to suppress noise.