bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AS CHALCONAS NO ENSINO DA QUÍMICA ORGÂNICA EXPERIMENTAL NO CONTEXTO DA QUÍMICA VERDE
Authors: Carlos Mariana , Echevarria Aurea
Published: December 2023

CHALCONES IN TEACHING EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF GREEN CHEMISTRY. The article presents the importance of practice in teaching Organic Chemistry in higher education, in addition to doing it following the methods of Green Chemistry, in view of how chemistry is seen as a “villain” due to dangerous reactions and incorrect waste disposal toxic. In this work, three chalcones with different substituents were synthesized: an electron donor (OCH3), an electron withdrawer (NO2) and the unsubstituted one, through 4 different methodologies, the first being the traditional methodology (methodology A) and the following methodologies ecofriendly alternatives. Methods B and C through maceration (without solvent), modifying only the support (BaO and Al2O3, respectively) and finally (methodology D) through microwave irradiation. Method C proved to be as efficient as the traditional one, with the advantage of being carried out without solvent and in a shorter reaction time and could be a replacement for the traditional method.
Unveiling the hidden threat: spatiotemporal trends and source apportionments of per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in wastewater treatment plants in South Africa
Authors: Morethe Moloko Florence , Mpenyana-Monyatsi Lizzy , Daso Adegbenro Peter , Okonkwo Okechukwu Jonathan
Published: December 2023

At least 11 per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were more prevalent during the dry season, whereas only PFBA, L-PFBS, L-PFOS, and PFOA were prevalent during the wet season in 11 WWTPs. The ∑21 PFAS levels in the influent and the effluent ranged from 137 to 3327 ng/L and 265–7,699 ng/L in the dry season and 61–2,953 ng/L and 171–3,458 ng/L in the wet season, respectively. The highest mean concentrations were observed in the influent and effluent for PFOA (586 ng/L) and L-PFBS (552 ng/L); and FOET (1,399 ng/L) and PFNA (811 ng/L) during dry and wet seasons, respectively. During the wet season, 6:2 FTS was observed at the highest concentrations, exhibiting 4,900 ng/L (66%) and 2,351 ng/L (39%), 1,950 ng/L (53%) in SST and BNR, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering (HCA), and PFHpA/PFOA, PFBA/PFOA, and PFNA/PFOA ratios revealed mixtures of PFAS sources into WWTPs.
Optimization of the integrated green–gray–blue system to deal with urban flood under multi-objective decision-making
Authors: Chen Jiaxuan , Wang Sisi , Wu Ruobing
Published: December 2023

The integrated green–gray–blue (IGGB) system is considered to be a new way of stormwater management, and a comprehensive evaluation of the green–gray–blue infrastructure layout mode under different return periods is the key to the implementation decision-making of stormwater management. In this study, a blue–green synergism evaluation model is established to optimize the layout of blue–green infrastructure. An evaluation framework combining the evaluation indicator system and the hydrology model is established. Stormwater storage, peak flow reduction, and life cycle cost are selected as evaluation indicators. On this basis, seven optimal scenarios, including green, blue, gray, green–blue, green–gray, blue–gray, and green–gray–blue, are established. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to analyze these seven scenarios under different return periods. The results indicate that (1) when the drainage infrastructures are arranged in combination, the peak flow reduction is significantly improved compared to that of a single drainage. (2) TOPSIS results show that green–gray and blue–gray perform better when the cost weight is 0–0.35, and green–gray–blue performs best when the cost weight is 0.35–1. (3) The integrated green–gray–blue system has obvious synergistic effects. This study can provide support for planning department workers for the urban stormwater management strategy.
Challenges in Genetic Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Diseases: What Can
Functional Genomics' Studies Do?
Authors: Simões Marta , Santos Maria João , Martins Sara , Macário Maria do Carmo , Durães João , Diogo Luísa , Oliveira João Paulo , Ferreira José Carlos , Grazina Manuela
Published: December 2023

Introduction::

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) diseases are
challenging both from clinical and therapeutic perspectives. The advent of next-generation sequencing
(NGS) boosted the discovery of new genetic defects affecting OXPHOS, with pathogenic
variants identified in >350 genes to date [1]. However, in many patients, novel variants of unknown
clinical significance are found. Subsequent functional studies may clarify its pathogenic
consequences and modify the variant’s classification, establishing a genetic diagnosis [2, 3].

Methods::

Analysis of data obtained from patients (P1-P5) with novel genetic causes and functional
genomics’ studies performed, namely OXPHOS respiratory/glycolytic rates (Seahorse
XF), enzymatic activity and assembly (BN-page), protein levels (SDS-WB), single muscle fiber
assay, NGS and bioinformatics.

Results/Case Report::

P1-Leigh syndrome (40y, male); Complex IV activity deficiency (full
assembly absent), homozygous deletion (c.-11_13del, SURF1), not detected by NGS[2]. P2-
Epileptic encephalopathy (8y, male); homozygous c.882-1G>A, FASTKD2; OXPHOS decrease;
reduced FASTKD2 expression and abnormal respiratory/glycolytic rates. P3-Cardiomyopathy/
nephropathy (39y, male); c.29G>C, FASTKD2; OXPHOS decrease; reduced FASTKD2 levels.
P4-CPEO (62y, female); multiple OXPHOS deficiency; mtDNA alterations (m.7486G>A, MTTS1;
4,977bp del); higher levels of mutant mtDNA alterations in COX-deficient fibers [3]. P5-
Polyneuropathy (15y, female); heterozygous c.1437C>A, POLG; combined def. or normal
OXPHOS activity/respiratory capacity (tissue variable), raised CI assembly; normal POLG levels.
Also, proteins’ expression levels were reduced (P1-4), confirming pathogenicity. In P5, data
do not support pathogenicity.

Conclusion::

If specific functional results are similar to controls, one might inquire about the
pathogenicity of the studied variant and more genetic or bioinformatics analyses and family investigations
are needed. There are also limitations of NGS in mutation detection that Sanger
sequencing can overcome (P1). When performed first, the OXPHOS activity may guide to genetic
screening or interpretation, concordant to later assembly results. All cases were solved and
data may be crucial for genetic counseling.
Perturbation-based Balance Training in Adults Aged Above 55 Years with
Chronic Low Back Pain: A Comparison of Effects of Water versus Land
Medium - A Preliminary Randomized Trial
Authors: Muthukrishan Ramprasad , Badr Ul Islam Fatima Mohammed , Shanmugam Sukumar , Arulsingh Watson , Gopal Kumaraguruparan , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Rajasekar Sannasi , Malik Gulshan Shahzadi , S.G. Geovinson
Published: December 2023

Background:

‘Rapid balance reaction’ or ‘perturbation’ training is an emerging paradigm
in elderly back pain rehabilitation due to its connection to postural stability.

Objective:

This study aimed to inform the feasibility and practicality of perturbation-based balance
training (PBT) using a stratification approach and to determine the effectiveness of land
versus water-based PBT in elderly individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP)

Methods:

Elderly CLBP participants (n=24) received exercise interventions as per treatmentbased
classification (TBC) and were randomly allotted into water-based perturbation exercises
(WBPE, Mean age=63.0±2.6years, n=12) and land-based perturbation exercise group (LBPE,
62.3±2.6 years, n=12). Pain intensity, disability, scores of fear-avoidance beliefs, fall efficacy,
and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed before and at the end of 6 weeks.

Results:

WBPE group reported a significant reduction in pain score (median difference(MD)):2,
p<0.03), fear avoidance behaviour for work (MD:9, p<0.01) and fear avoidance behaviour for
physical activity (MD:10, p< 0.05), improved straight leg raise right (SLR) (MD:37.5°, p<0.05),
and improved modified fall efficacy scores (MFES, MD:25, p<0.05) compared to the LBPE
group at post-intervention. Within-group analysis in both groups revealed significant improvement
in clinical outcomes except for fear-avoidance beliefs related to physical activity in the
LBPE group. Subgroup analysis revealed that the high BMI elderly CLBP group of LBPE had
significant improvements similar to the WBPE group except for scores of FABQ physical activity
scores and SLR.

Conclusion:

Possible key factors for future research are discussed in the realms of perturbation
exercise in the elderly with CLBP.
Facial Exercises: Enhancing Facial Structure and Reducing Signs of Aging -
A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Furlan Andreza Sonego , Vergilio Mariane Massufero , Vendruscolo Cristina Wöhlke , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of facial muscle exercises (FMEs) for facial rejuvenation is still quite
controversial in the scientific literature. In general, published studies use non-quantitative parameters
to assess the real benefit of FMEs. In this study, we reviewed the scientific evidence related
to the efficacy of FMEs for facial rejuvenation, as well as to describe the most used FMEs in
scientific studies. To achieve the objective of this review, research was performed through several
databases. Thus far, there are very few scientific studies with appropriate methodologies that assess
whether FMEs are effective for facial rejuvenation. It was found that the exercises for the
muscles of the cheeks, the region around the mouth and around the eyes, and the region under the
chin are the most indicated for the maintenance of the youthful appearance of the face. However,
it is still necessary to carry out controlled and randomized studies to draw some conclusions.
Analisis Yuridis Pembatasan Pemberian Hak Milik Atas Tanah Untuk Rumah Tinggal
Authors: Fitriana Dina , Herlindah Herlindah , Wicaksono Setiawan
Published: December 2023

The restriction of the land size for residential housing is intended to prevent any piling up lands for certain people as in line with Articles 7 and 17 of Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) which are further highlighted in Government Regulation according to Article 12 of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 56 of 1960. However, there are no regulations governing the limitation of land size in place. More specific regulations regarding the right to land are outlined in the Decree of Agrarian Minister/the Head of National Land Agency Number 6 of 1998 concerning Grant of Right to Land for Residential Housing. The regulatory provisions highlight the restriction of the land size requested for residential housing and the land size that applicants can own, but it is only restricted to the applicants or for extended rights. The Decree of Agrarian Minister/the Head of National Land Agency Number 6 1998 does not seem to give a solution to what has been mandated in ownership or right restriction of non-agricultural lands, which is to be regulated in Government Regulation. Departing from the issue above, this research aims to study the grant of the right to land for residential housing by conducting a juridical analysis. This research use normative methods to analyze land ownership limitation and land registration.
Disrupting STEM Education by Braiding Indigenous Ways of Knowing and Environmental Education
Authors: Dodier Stephanie
Published: December 2023

Learning is inherently connected. It is time to disrupt traditional STEM education by meaningfully embracing multiple perspectives such as Indigenous and environmental education learning principles. Through my story as a white non-indigenous science teacher, we explore the importance of acknowledging one’s feelings, the power of storytelling, my journey educating myself and embracing multiple perspectives inside my teaching practice. Because Aboriginal Ways of Being state that the “the deepest learning takes place in lived experience” (BCTF, 2017), I share my process and reflections on designing and implementing a specific unit about clam gardens in a secondary science classroom.
How Art Could Be Used to Educate Science
Authors: Do Hoang
Published: December 2023

The paper examines theories and examples between art and science, showing where they are similar, and how art and design can be used to educate and inform scientific data. Due to how vast both fields are in terms of specilizations, theories, and practices, the paper will mostly focus on theories of physics, mainly revolving around Isaac Newton, and art and design theories related to Newton and to color, and how these theories are foundational for pracitioners of these fields respectively. The paper will then propose methods of using art and design to educate science, and situations where that may apply.
STEAM and English For Specific Purposes: Online Courses For Brazilian Students In Technology
Authors: Backes Nunes Mariana , Da Silva Campelo Costa Barcellos Patrícia
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, we have an increase in informal online courses in Brazil with a variety of subjects, according to the student’s needs and interests. These informal courses could complement the knowledge learned in schools and universities, associating formal and informal learning, as defended by the Education 4.0 model. Additional languages, especially the English language, represent a great part of these courses as our society now understands the importance of English in a digital and technological world. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is an area of English teaching-learning that takes into consideration the student’s needs in the curriculum design, focusing on a context where learners will use the language in real life. This area is also interdisciplinary because it connects linguistic structures with professional fields. For this reason, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education could be an interesting approach in ESP courses by providing an integrative method. Thus, this paper aims to analyze three informal online English courses designed for Brazilian students/professionals in Technology, considering the ESP and STEAM approaches, and compare them with university learners’ needs. After the analysis, we understand in this paper that informal English courses, particularly ESP ones, should be designed by an interdisciplinary group of professionals, such as language teachers and specialists in the area, in order to show a meaningful learning experience. Besides, it is important to go beyond a list of vocabulary, integrating the four language skills and working with genres connected to the student’s own area of study.
Ina Batzke, Lea Spinoza Garrido and Linda M. Hess (eds.), Life Writing in the Posthuman Anthropocene
Authors: García Inés
Published: December 2023

Life Writing in the Posthuman Anthropocene (2022) belongs to the Palgrave Studies in Life Writing, an interdisciplinary series edited by Clare Brant and Max Saunders that engages life writing with critical thinking across disciplines. Situated within the environmental humanities, this volume examines a variety of life writing in the context of the Anthropocene. It builds the argument that life writing has a critical role in contesting human self-centredness which has caused the ecological damage that continues to define the Anthropocene. As such, the book rests on a paradox: how can a genre defined by the figure of a ‘human self’ contribute to dismantling power structures, such as speciesism, without perpetuating these damaging structures of domination? Seven chapters and one interview emphasise that the Anthropocene has been a discursively produced narrative of fatal material consequences; for this reason, minimising and hopefully restoring some ecological damage requires that we find more equal and responsible ways of relating to non-human life forms and the environment in language.
Nurturing brilliance: A cross-cultural exploration of supporting gifted children
Authors:   Applied College, King Faisal University, Al‐Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia, Al-Duraywish Abdulelah Abdullah
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the available laws and regulations regarding the education of gifted students by comparing these laws and regulations in Australia, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The study used the descriptive analytical comparative approach and analyzed available information in published studies, peer-reviewed articles, and online official documents of the countries under study. The findings of the study reported that Australia is very advanced in the field of enacting policies and legislation, as it has developed integrated strategies that include most of the elements of policies and legislation, although there are some shortcomings compared to the international standards; in South Korea, there are policies and legislation, but they are not integrated and have many shortcomings in definitions, explanation and implementation, and they do not cooperate with the international standards. In Saudi Arabia and the UAE, the implementation of policies and legislation is neither in line with international standards nor with the general directions of educational policies, and they are almost unavailable. However, the UAE has taken some steps to enact policies and laws.
Barriers and Enablers to the Adoption of a Healthier Diet Using an App: Qualitative Interview Study With Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Montilva-Monsalve Jonas , Dimantas Bruna , Perski Olga , Gutman Leslie Morrison
Published: December 2023

Background

Adopting a healthy diet is one of the cornerstones of type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. Apps are increasingly used in diabetes self-management, but most studies to date have focused on assessing their impact in terms of weight loss or glycemic control, with limited evidence on the behavioral factors that influence app use to change dietary habits.

Objective

The main objectives of this study were to assess the enablers and barriers to adopting a healthier diet using the Gro Health app in 2 patient groups with T2D (patients with recently diagnosed and long-standing T2D) and to identify behavior change techniques (BCTs) to enhance enablers and overcome barriers.

Methods

Two semistructured qualitative interview studies were conducted; the first study took place between June and July 2021, with a sample of 8 patients with recently diagnosed (<12 mo) T2D, whereas the second study was conducted between May and June 2022 and included 15 patients with long-standing (>18 mo) T2D. In both studies, topic guides were informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Transcripts were analyzed using a combined deductive framework and inductive thematic analysis approach. The Behavior Change Wheel framework was applied to identify appropriate BCTs that could be used in future iterations of apps for patients with diabetes. Themes were compared between the patient groups.

Results

This study identified similarities and differences between patient groups in terms of enablers and barriers to adopting a healthier diet using the app. The main enablers for recently diagnosed patients included the acquired knowledge about T2D diets and skills to implement these, whereas the main barriers were the difficulty in deciding which app features to use and limited cooking skills. By contrast, for patients with long-standing T2D, the main enablers included knowledge validation provided by the app, along with app elements to help self-regulate food intake; the main barriers were the limited interest paid to the content provided or limited skills engaging with apps in general. Both groups reported more enablers than barriers to performing the target behavior when using the app. Consequently, BCTs were selected to address key barriers in both groups, such as simplifying the information hierarchy in the app interface, including tutorials demonstrating how to use the app features, and redesigning the landing page of the app to guide users toward these tutorials.

Conclusions

Patients with recently diagnosed and long-standing T2D encountered similar enablers but slightly different barriers when using an app to adopting a healthier diet. Consequently, the development of app-based approaches to adopt a healthier diet should account for these similarities and differences within patient segments to reduce barriers to performing the target behavior.
Factors Associated With Levels of Public Engagement in Protective Behaviors During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Causal-Comparative Study Based on the Health Belief Model
Authors: Tang Chia-Chun , Chen Hsi , Tsai Shao-Yu , Wu Wei-Wen
Published: December 2023

Background

While the challenges of COVID-19 are still unfolding, the enhancement of protective behavior remains a top priority in global health care. However, current behavior-promoting strategies may be inefficient without first identifying the individuals with lower engagement in protective behavior and the associating factors.

Objective

This study aimed to identify individuals with and potential contributing factors to low engagement in protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This is a causal-comparative study. A theory-based web-based survey was used to investigate individuals’ protective behavior and potential associating factors. During June 2020, the distribution of the survey was targeted to 3 areas: Taiwan, Japan, and North America. Based on the theory of the health belief model (HBM), the survey collected participants’ various perceptions toward COVID-19 and a collection of protective behaviors. In addition to the descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Fisher exact and chi-square tests were used.

Results

A total of 384 responses were analyzed. More than half of the respondents lived in Taiwan, followed by Japan, then North America. The respondents were grouped into 3 clusters according to their engagement level in all protective behaviors. These 3 clusters were significantly different from each other in terms of the participants’ sex, residency, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues of action.

Conclusions

This study used an HBM-based questionnaire to assess protective behaviors against COVID-19 and the associated factors across multiple countries. The findings indicate significant differences in various HBM concepts among individuals with varying levels of behavioral engagement.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA WITH HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS
Authors: Chouhan Anil , Meena Sajjan Singh , Lakshita Maherda  , Mittal Kanchan , Astha
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with healthy subjects.
Methods: A prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study conducted on total 100 consecutive subjects of age 40–60 years, 50 subjects of POAG, and 50 healthy controls presenting to the eye OPD in study period August 2021 to July 2022, at Department of Ophthalmology, Sardar Patel Medical College and Associated Group of Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Results: Mean age was 49.56±7.17 years in Group A and 52.36±7.86 years in Group B (p>0.05). 40% had 6/9 vision followed by 34% had 6/6 vision in Group A and 44% had 6/9 vision followed by 40% 6/12 vision in Group B (p<0.05). All cases in Group A had intraocular pressure (IOP) of 10–20 mmHg and 60% had IOP of 21.1–25.0 mmHg. (p<0.05). Mean CCT was 545.2±38.51 μm in Group A and 519.35±40.52 μm in Group B (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Patients with thin corneas are more likely to develop POAG.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCLEROTHERAPY AND HEMORRHOIDECTOMY IN SECOND-DEGREE HEMORRHOIDS
Authors: Gahltot Navratan , Kumar Ashok , JAKHAR DIWAN , NATH KEDAR , Pareek Monika
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective is to compare the post-operative complications and outcome of sclerotherapy and hemorrhoidectomy in second-degree hemorrhoids.
Methods: A hospital-based prospective comparative study on 100 cases diagnosed to have second-degree hemorrhoids attending emergency or outdoor was taken between December 2021 and November 2022 at the department of Surgery, S.P. Medical College and P.B.M Hospital, Bikaner. Cases were divided into 2 groups SCL group (sclerotherapy group) and H group (hemorrhoidectomy group).
Results: The mean age in H group was 38.56±7.8 years whereas 39.08±8.2 years in SCL group. (p>0.05) and both groups were sociodemographically comparable. The mean duration of hospital stay in H group was 1.5±0.4 days whereas 0.9±0.3 day in SCL group (p<0.05). In H group, maximum 96.00% had complaints of pain and 30% had bleeding whereas in SCL maximum of 66.00% had complaints of bleeding and 38% had constipation. In H group, maximum 74% were cured whereas 96% in the group SCL (p=0.005*).
Conclusion: The findings of the study conclude that of the two surgical procedures employed in the study to treat hemorrhoids sclerotherapy was found to had less complications, early ambulation, short post-operative hospital stay, and cost-effective.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CORONARY ARTERIES IN HARYANVI POPULATION
Authors: Asar Vishal , Singh Kamal , Sharma Luv , Rohilla Aarti
Published: December 2023

Objective: The present study aimed to record the length of coronary arteries was carried out for better anatomical knowledge about the branches of coronary arteries and its variation is essential for cardiologists and interpretation of coronary angiograms by radiologists.
Methods: The study group was comprised 60 human cadaveric hearts retrieved from the dead bodies of the age group 18–50 years brought for medicolegal autopsy.
Results: In 60 heart specimen’s length of right coronary artery (RCA)-I (34.4–128.8 mm, 81.5±18.1), RCA-II (6.2–43.4 mm, 20.3±9.9), RCA-III (9.6–69 mm, 38.2±18.7), length of left coronary artery (3.4–19 mm, 12.6±3.74 mm), length of left circumflex artery (31.9–144.5 mm, 79.2±26.2 mm), and length of left anterior descending artery (33.4–154.4 mm, 105.3±27 mm).
Conclusion: The name and nature of a coronary artery or a branch define that vessel’s vascularization pattern or territory, rather than its origin. Better anatomical knowledge about the branches of the coronary artery and its variation is essential for cardiologists and interpretation of coronary angiograms by radiologists.
INTRA-ABDOMINAL HYPERTENSION AND INCREASED SERUM PROCALCITONIN LEVELS ARE IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN CRITICALLY ILL SURGICAL PATIENT’S OUTCOME: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Dutta Divija , Prasad Ram , Faisal Mohd. , Porwal Rekha
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT) levels and in recognizing surgical complications, morbidity and mortality in a heterogeneous group of general surgical patient population admitted in casualty ward and intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted on 100 patients by purposive sampling for blood and ascites in the peritoneal cavity, bowel distension and edema, high-volume resuscitation and massive transfusion, damage control surgery in traumatic patients, excessive tension after abdominal closure, post-operative ileus, circumferential abdominal eschar in burn patients, and hemodilution with severe sepsis were enrolled within 24 h of admission to the ICU or casualty ward in the Department of General Surgery, J.L.N. Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, from August 2021 to December 2022.
Results: The mean age of the overall patient population for the study is 52.29 years and it ranges between 16 years and 84 years. 79% of the patients presented with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), and mean serum PCT level in the IAH group is 4.47±7.49 which is higher than that in the non- IAH group (p<0.05). The mean serum PCT levels among the group having peritonitis as the cause of sepsis is 5.69 ng/mL and having pneumonitis as the cause of sepsis is 6.74 ng/mL (p=0.033).
Conclusion: Serum PCT, a new serum biomarker for infection and inflammation, that has been found to be more sensitive and specific for the same, is also an indicator for patient mortality and morbidity, and also correlates with patient’s length of hospital stay can be said to have an important role in prediction of critically ill surgical patient’s outcome.
COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS LIGNOCAINE, TRAMADOL, AND KETOROLAC FOR ATTENUATION OF PROPOFOL INJECTION PAIN
Authors: RANI HANUMANLA BABY , POOJA SRI
Published: December 2023

Aims: This study aims to study and compare the efficacy of lignocaine, tramadol, and ketorolac in minimizing propofol injection pain.
Methods: This is a randomized control research that was conducted on 100 patients between the ages of 18 and 60 years at the department of anesthesiology and critical care. Being planned for elective surgery under general anesthesia with propofol as an inducing drug, with an ASA grade I or II body mass index of 19–30 kg/m2. Each of the four groups of 25 patients was randomly selected from among all the patients.
Results: The incidence of pain was 20% in the lignocaine group and 28% in the groups treated with tramadol and ketorolac. 92% of patients in the normal saline group felt discomfort during the propofol injection. In comparison to group N (7.46±2.78), the mean pain score in groups L (0.80±1.32), T (0.98±1.70), and K (1.49±1.55) was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Group N saw noticeably less side effects than the other groups. Statistics showed that groups L, T, and K were comparable.
Conclusion: We recommend the use of these agents as pre-treatment to propofol to increase the patient acceptability of this ideal anesthetic agent.
STUDY TO EVALUATE CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS IN DIABETIC FOOT IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: CH NAGARAJU , VP AKHILA , MADAR PATHAN MASTAN
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective is to investigate the clinical characteristics and results of individuals who present with diabetic foot infections (DFI).
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in collaboration with the DFID Department of General Surgery at the Arundhati Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital in Gandhimaisamma, Hyderabad, involving patients aged 20–80 years.
Results: There were 55 patients in the current investigation, with a mean age of 61.78±11.75 years and a preference for males (n=45, 81.8%) over girls (n=10, 18.2%). The study’s largest number of patients (n=27, 49.1%) were observed in the 61–80 year age range. The average hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) was 10.74±1.60 years, while the mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 10.87±2.681 years. Our patients’ microbiological profiles revealed that 32.7% of them were Gram positive and 67.3% were Gram negative. Gram-negative bacillus Escherichia coli was the most often found bacterium in our investigation (67.3%), followed by Pseudomonas (29.1%), Klebsiella (18.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (5.5%).
Conclusion: Since DFIs are the most prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus that surgeons are notified about, managing them needs a multidisciplinary approach. It is crucial to do extensive, repeated examinations, as well as any required investigations to determine the infection severity at the time of presentation.
Change in Myoglobin Denaturation and Physiochemical Properties Among Three Degrees of Doneness and Three Beef Whole Muscles
Authors: Beyer Erin S. , Farmer Kaylee J. , Kidwell Ellie G. , Davis Samuel G. , Harr Keayla M. , Chao Michael D. , Zumbaugh Morgan D. , Vipham Jessie L. , Hunt Melvin C. , O'Quinn Travis G.
Published: December 2023

While the factors impacting raw meat color have been extensively explored, the factors affecting cooked meat color have been largely ignored, leaving a gap in research. Establishing a baseline for the changes that accompany different degrees of doneness (DOD) could serve as the foundation for future studies to further understand what factors are impacting differences in cooked color of whole muscles. Beef strip loins (n=12) and top butts (n=12) were used to evaluate the Longissimus dorsi (LD), Biceps femoris (BF), and Gluteus medius (GM) between 3 DOD: medium rare (62.8°C), medium (71.1°C), and well-done (76.7°C). Immediately after cooking, steaks were sliced, evaluated for L*, a*, b*, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and blended into a powder for lab assays including myoglobin denaturation, metmyoglobin-reducing activity (MRA), surface hydrophobicity, proximate analysis, and lipid oxidation. An additional steak was cooked for shear force and cook loss. As expected, the a* values decreased (P<0.05) and myoglobin denaturation percentages increased (P<0.05) with increasing DOD, while muscle source did not impact (P>0.05) either. Surface hydrophobicity, which is a measure of exposed hydrophobic groups caused by denaturation, increased (P<0.05) with increasing DOD, while MRA decreased (P<0.05) with each DOD. However, the BF and GM muscles resulted in greater (P<0.05) MRA compared to the LD. There was an interaction (P<0.05) for lipid oxidation. As DOD increased past the raw state, differences inoxidation between muscles emerged. While the factors evaluated among the DOD were impacted, muscle type surprisingly affected most assays evaluated as well. This study can serve as a foundational paper to support future cooked color research to further understand what factors impact cooked color and cooked color stability of whole muscle cuts.
Structure and labor use pattern among cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladokun Yetunde Olasimbo Mary , OLUYOLE Kayode AKANNI , Oladipo Akinpelu Ayodele
Published: December 2023

Human labour is about the only main source of labour available to smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Smallholder farmers contribute over 85% of domestic agricultural output in Nigeria, hence, human labour accounts for the domestic food supply in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to continue supplying food for the ever-growing Nigerian population anchors on human labour productivity. In Nigerian agriculture, hired labour is predominantly used. Human labour plays a very significant role in agricultural development, especially in developing countries where technological development is still very low. In view of the importance of labour in agricultural production, this study was designed to investigate the structure and use pattern of farm labour in the study area. The study was carried out in Ondo state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 farmers. After sorting for missing data, 144 cocoa farmers’ data were used for analysis in this study. Seventy-five percent of the total

respondents were above 50 years of age and about 25.01% of the total respondents were 50 years and below. The majority (79.17%) of the farmers were men. Also, 75.07% of the respondents had a formal level of education. In the study contract type of labour is majorly used for most activities in cocoa farming while cooperative labour was seldom used. Activities such as land clearing (75.0%), planting (83.32%), weeding (95.83%), application of chemicals (91.67%), removal of mistletoes (87.50%), harvesting of cocoa pods (87.50%), conveyance of cocoa pods to the pod breaking point (95.83%), breaking of cocoa pods (100%) and conveyance of cocoa beans to the point of fermentation (88.33%) were majorly carried out by contract labour. Male labour was mostly utilized for all the activities as indicated by most farmers. Female labour was sparingly utilized for some activities such as land clearing (8.33%), planting (0%), application of chemicals (8.33%), spraying of chemicals (4.17%), removal of mistletoes (0%) and harvesting of cocoa pods (12.5%). The study recommended that funds should be made available to farmers to engage in contract labour and also there should be the need to use equipment and machinery to reduce drudgery.
Various roasting characteristics against alteration of antioxidant activity, amino acids content, and flavor of Java Ijen-Raung coffee beans
Authors: Suud Hasbi Mubarak
Published: December 2023

The coffee roasting keys are temperature and time. Coffee beans have many chemical and physical reactions while the roasting is running. These reactions are characterized by a pattern in the drying and development phases during coffee roasting. This study discussed how roasting affected the characteristics of coffee beans, particularly antioxidant activity and amino acids, and also tried to define the roasting process by describing each roasting phase. The study discussed these characteristics of Java Ijen arabica coffee, which has speciality coffee criteria. The roasting process can increase amino acids and antioxidant activity inside the coffee beans, but the excessive heat and longer duration of roasting can burn the amino acids. Based on this study, the highest antioxidant Activity was found in beans that had been roasted with a total roasting time under 13 minutes, started with charge temperature of 148oC, and released at 190.5oC. The beans that had been roasted with a total duration under 13 minutes, started with charge temperature of 149oC, and released at 184.8oC is the best roasting degree with the highest score on the cup test.
Grieķu īpašvārdi un to atvasinājumi latīņu valodā („Latīņu–latviešu vārdnīcas” materiāls)
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Bērziņa Gita
Published: December 2023

Klasisko (grieķu un latīņu) valodu materiāls kalpo, ne tikai lai atklātu vispārējus principus valodas sistēmā un attīstības procesos, bet arī lai savstarpējā sastatījumā izgaismotu citu valodu, tostarp latviešu valodas, būtiskas iezīmes dažādos aspektos. Vēsturiski ilgstoši grieķu un romiešu kultūru un grieķu un latīņu valodas kontakti radījuši nozīmīgu un daudzveidīgu grieķu valodas ietekmi latīņu valodā un ar to saistītā kultūras, izglītības un zinātniskās domas tradīcijā. Rakstā, izstrādājot jauno „Latīņu–latviešu vārdnīcas” variantu (izvērtējot un rediģējot leksisko materiālu un latīņu un grieķu valodas atveides principus), pievērsta uzmanība grieķu īpašvārdiem un to atvasinājumiem latīņu valodā, to atveidei latviešu valodā. Daļa grieķu īpašvārdu uzreiz jau organiski iekļāvušies latīņu valodas deklinēšanas sistēmā, turpretim citi vismaz sākotnēji pārņemti un tekstos apzināti lietoti grieķiskā veidolā, t. i., aizgūti ar grieķu valodas izskaņām, un tālāk laika gaitā lielākā vai mazākā mērā pielāgoti latīņu valodas deklinēšanas sistēmai, nereti attīstot arī paralēlus variantus. Izmantojot latīņu valodas morfēmas, jo īpaši piedēkļus un galotnes, no grieķu valodas personvārdiem un vietvārdiem atvasināti sugas vārdi, īpašības vārdi, arī darbības un apstākļa vārdi. Latīņu valodā raksturīgs plašs un sinonīmisks vārddarināšanas morfēmu klāsts. Tas daudzveidīgi izmantots grieķu cilmes atvasinājumu un to variantu darināšanā latīņu valodā. Grieķu un latīņu valodas variantu līdzās pastāvēšanas, kā arī plaša sinonīmiskas nozīmes vārddarināšanas līdzekļu izmantošana nereti sarežģī grieķu cilmes atvasinājumu atlasi un atspoguļošanu „Latīņu–latviešu vārdnīcas” korpusā, kā arī to atveidi latviešu valodā.
Darbības vārda varēt lietojums vēlējuma izteiksmē Saeimas sēžu stenogrammu korpusā
Authors:   Latviešu valodas institūts, Latvijas Universitāte, Daina Anete
Published: December 2023

Rakstā aplūkots latviešu valodas modālā darbības vārda varēt lietojums vēlējuma izteiksmē. Pētījuma avots – Latvijas Republikas 5.–12. Saeimas sēžu stenogrammu korpuss. Analizējot darbības vārda varēt lietojumu vēlējuma izteiksmē, tiek noteiktas un skaidrotas tā paustās modālās nozīmes un iespējamā teksta autora izvēles motivācija. Piemēru analīze ļauj secināt, ka modālā darbības vārda varēt lietojums vēlējuma izteiksmē norāda uz teksta autora nepārliecinātību, nenoteiktību, piesardzību un neuzstājīgumu par teiktā saturu, tādējādi liecinot par vājāku iespējamību. Atkarībā no konsituācijas teksta autors ar modālā darbības vārda varēt vēlējuma izteiksmi adresātam izsaka ieteikumus, kas atsevišķos gadījumos varētu tikt uztverta kā implicēta pavēle. Piemēru analīze liecina, ka varēt vēlējuma izteiksmes lietojums teksta autora pavēlinorādījumu dara netiešāku, pieklājīgāku, diplomātiskāku. Noslēgumā iespējams secināt, ka varēt lietojums vēlējuma izteiksmē saistīts ar pieklājības stratēģiju izmantošanu, teksta autoram vēloties saglabāt vai radīt noteiktu paštēlu.
Neoklasiskās vārddaļas ultra-, mega-, hiper- un super- un adjektīvu darināšanas modeļi latviešu valodā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Deksne Daiga
Published: December 2023

Sufiksācija ir produktīvs adjektīvu atvasināšanas veids latviešu valodā. Pretstatā tam prefiksācija tiek izmantota retāk. Ir tikai daži produktīvi priedēkļi, ar kuriem tiek atvasināti adjektīvi latviešu valodā – ie-, pa- un pār-, un negāciju izteicošais priedēklis ne-. Latviešu valodā sastopami arī tādi adjektīvi, kurus ievada neoklasiskas cilmes vārddaļas. Pētījuma mērķis ir aplūkot produktīvus adjektīvu vārddarināšanas modeļus, kuros tiek izmantota prefiksācija ar neoklasiskas cilmes vārddaļām ultra-, mega-, hiper- un super-. Pētījumā analizēti korpusos „LR 5.–12. Saeimas sēžu stenogrammu korpuss”, „Līdzsvarotais mūsdienu latviešu valodas tekstu korpuss LVK2018” un „Latviešu valodas tīmekļa korpuss Tīmeklis2020” sastopamie adjektīvi. Pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka neoklasiskajām vārddaļām adjektīvu atvasināšanā piemīt ierobežots nozīmju klāsts. Neoklasiskās vārddaļas norāda uz pamatadjektīva nosauktās pazīmes intensitātes pakāpi. Lai gan neoklasiski atvasinājumi ir sastopami daudz retāk nekā atvasinājumi ar pašcilmes priedēkļiem, tiem raksturīga augstāka emocionālā ekspresivitāte. Par ļoti produktīvu var uzskatīt adjektīvu atvasināšanu ar neoklasisku vārddaļu super-.
Korpusu un individuālā vākuma salīdzinājums: ģenitīva un nominatīva konkurence saistījumā ar adverbu
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Lauze Linda , Auziņa Ilze ,   Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, Latvijas Universitāte
Published: December 2023

Rakstā aplūkotas korpusa datu un individuālā vākuma priekšrocības un trūkumi. Dažādu gramatiski marķētu latviešu valodas korpusu pieejamība nodrošina arvien plašākus korpusa datos balstītus gramatikas pētījumus. Savukārt individuālajam vākumam ir bijusi liela nozīme valodniecības attīstībā, un tas ir senāks praktiskā materiāla ieguves veids. Tomēr mūsdienu tehnoloģiju laikmetā ir radies jautājums par individuālā vākuma lietderību. Abu datu ieguves veidu praktiskam salīdzinājumam izvēlēta mūsdienu latviešu valodas lietojumā izplatīta parādība – ģenitīva un nominatīva konkurence (saistījumā ar adverbu), kas konstatēta gan individuālajā vākumā, gan korpusu datos. Šajā pētījumā ir atlasīti trīs adverbi – daudz (tā supletīvā pārākās pakāpes forma vairāk), maz, cik –, kuri sīkāk tiek analizēti teikuma gramatiskajā centrā saistījumā ar lietvārda ģenitīvu vai nominatīvu. Individuālo vākumu veido samērā spontāns nerediģēts latviešu valodas lietojums mutvārdos un rakstveidā – ar katru adverbu 100 teikumu. Korpusa datu analīzei izmantoti četri latviešu valodas korpusi – „Līdzsvarotais mūsdienu latviešu valodas tekstu korpuss” (LVK2018), „Latviešu valodas sintaktiski marķētais korpuss” (LVTB), „Latviešu valodas runas atpazīšanas korpuss” (LVR2013) un „Pandēmijas dienasgrāmatas” (PanDi). Gan korpusu, gan individuālā vākuma materiālā dominē vārdu savienojumi ar ģenitīvu. No avotu viedokļa, nominatīvs biežāk konstatēts „Latviešu valodas runas atpazīšanas korpusā” (LVR2013), bet analizēto trīs adverbu grupā – biežāk saistījumā ar adverbu cik.
Vārdkopas analogi „Latviešu valodas sintaktiski marķētajā korpusā”
Authors:   Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, Latvijas Universitāte, Rituma Laura , Nešpore-Bērzkalne Gunta , Saulīte Baiba , Pretkalniņa Lauma
Published: December 2023

Latvijas Universitātes Matemātikas un informātikas institūtā tiek veidots „Latviešu valodas sintaktiski marķētais korpuss” (LVTB), kurā tiek marķētas gan latviešu valodas sintakses teorijā jau aprakstītās latviešu valodas sintaktiskās parādības, gan arī retākas, līdz šim gramatikās sīkāk neanalizētas konstrukcijas. Šajā rakstā aplūkota vārdkopas analoga izpratne latviešu valodniecībā, kā arī apkopoti līdz šim LVTB marķētie vārdkopas analogi un to klasifikācija. Sīkāks vārdkopas analogu iedalījums grupās balstīts uz noteiktiem gramatiskiem (vārdšķiras piederība un sintaktiskais raksturojums) un semantiskiem kritērijiem, šajos saliktajos teikuma locekļos nedaudz analizēta arī komponentu secība. Izplatītākie vārdkopas analogu veidi ir dažādu vietniekvārdu savienojumi, kā arī konstrukcijas ar prievārda savienojumu, kas nosauc daļu no kopuma. Pārējie parādās retāk, bet piemēru daudzums ir pietiekams, lai atklātu visos konstrukciju veidos lietoto leksēmu daudzveidību un izmantošanu dažādās sintaktiskajās funkcijās. Konsekventi vārdkopas analogu noteikšanas kritēriji un vienveidīgs sintaktiskais marķējums nodrošina ērti izmantojamu valodas materiālu turpmākai vārdkopas analogu un citu sintaktisko konstrukciju analīzei.
Priekšvārdi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Kalnača Andra
Published: December 2023

Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latvistikas un baltistikas nodaļas rakstu krājumā „Valoda: nozīme un forma 14. Gramatika un korpusa pētījumi” apkopotas trīspadsmit publikācijas. Krājuma idejiskais pamats ir 80. Latvijas Universitātes starptautiskās zinātniskās konferences LU HZF Latvistikas un baltistikas nodaļas rīkotā Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības sekcija „Gramatika un korpusa pētījumi” (10.02.2022.), sadarbojoties diviem pētnieciskiem projektiem – LU prioritārās tēmas „Letonika, diaspora un starpkultūru komunikācija” HZF projektam „Humanitārā doma – valoda, teksts, kultūra” (vadītāja prof. Dr. philol. Andra Kalnača) un Valsts pētījumu programmas „Letonika latviskas un eiropeiskas sabiedrības attīstībai” projektam „Mūsdienu latviešu valodas izpēte un valodas tehnoloģiju attīstība” (vadītāja Dr. philol. Ilze Auziņa). Visus četrpadsmit sekcijas referātus vienoja tas, ka analizētais valodas materiāls bija izgūts no dažādiem korpusiem, t. sk. individuālu autoru veidotiem, kā arī valodas fakti tika analizēti ar dažādām korpuslingvistikas metodēm.