bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiomics analysis of serial PARP inhibitor treated metastatic TNBC inform on rational combination therapies
Authors: Labrie Marilyne , Li Allen , Creason Allison , Betts Courtney , Keck Jamie , Johnson Brett , Sivagnanam Shamilene , Boniface Christopher , Ma Hongli , Blucher Aurora , Chang Young Hwan , Chin Koei , Vuky Jacqueline , Guimaraes Alexander R. , Downey Molly , Lim Jeong Youn , Gao Lina , Siex Kiara , Parmar Swapnil , Kolodzie Annette , Spellman Paul T. , Goecks Jeremy , Coussens Lisa M. , Corless Christopher L. , Bergan Raymond , Gray Joe W. , Mills Gordon B. , Mitri Zahi I.
Published: October 2021

In a pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of real-time deep analysis of serial tumor samples from triple negative breast cancer patients to identify mechanisms of resistance and treatment opportunities as they emerge under therapeutic stress engendered by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). In a BRCA-mutant basal breast cancer exceptional long-term survivor, a striking tumor destruction was accompanied by a marked infiltration of immune cells containing CD8 effector cells, consistent with pre-clinical evidence for association between STING mediated immune activation and benefit from PARPi and immunotherapy. Tumor cells in the exceptional responder underwent extensive protein network rewiring in response to PARP inhibition. In contrast, there were minimal changes in the ecosystem of a luminal androgen receptor rapid progressor, likely due to indifference to the effects of PARP inhibition. Together, identification of PARPi-induced emergent changes could be used to select patient specific combination therapies, based on tumor and immune state changes.
Phosphorous pentoxide-free bioactive glass exhibits dose-dependent angiogenic and osteogenic capacities which are retained in glass polymeric composite scaffolds
Authors: Font Tellado Sonia , Delgado José Angel , Poh Su Ping Patrina , Zhang Wen , García-Vallés Maite , Martínez Salvador , Gorustovich Alejandro , Morejón Lizette , van Griensven Martijn , Balmayor Elizabeth Rosado
Published: October 2021

New P2O5-free, silicate-based bioactive glass showing angiogenic and osteogenic properties. Glass polymeric composite scaffolds showed improved mechanics and biocompatibility while stimulating cell differentiation.
A hybrid ocular delivery system of cyclosporine-A comprising nanomicelle-laden polymeric inserts with improved efficacy and tolerability
Authors: Terreni Eleonora , Chetoni Patrizia , Burgalassi Susi , Tampucci Silvia , Zucchetti Erica , Chipala Edwin , Alany Raid G. , Al-Kinani Ali A. , Monti Daniela
Published: October 2021

We report on hybrid nanomicelle–polymer inserts for improved delivery of cyclosporine A (CyA) to the surface of the eye.
Visible light organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions
Authors: Xu Guo-Qiang , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: October 2021

We highlight the recent advances in the field of organic photoredox catalytic cascade reactions and describe their mechanisms and applications in organic synthesis.
Synthesis of 1,4-enynes via nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of allylic alcohols with alkynylzinc reagents
Authors: He Xue-Yi , Wang Zhong-Xia
Published: October 2021

1,4-Enynes were synthesized with high regio- and E/Z-selectivity via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allylic alcohols with alkynylzinc reagents.
Specific osteogenesis imperfecta-related Gly substitutions in type I collagen induce distinct structural, mechanical, and dynamic characteristics
Authors: Shi Haoyuan , Zhao Liming , Zhai Chenxi , Yeo Jingjie
Published: October 2021

Gly mutations in the 1022nd site led to increased stable short β-structures with new H-bonds, thereby stiffness, whereas mutations in the 1025th site disrupted and decreased existing H-bonds, leading to more intensive fluctuations.
A diamagnetic iron complex and its twisted sister – structural evidence on partial spin state change in a crystalline iron complex
Authors: Salojärvi Esko , Peuronen Anssi , Moilanen Jani , Huhtinen Hannu , Lindén Johan , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Lastusaari Mika , Lehtonen Ari
Published: October 2021

Diamagnetic Fe complex was made of a redox non-innocent ligand precursor N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,2-phenylene-diamine and FeCl3. Its phenoxazine derivative was obtained via intra-ligand cyclisation of the parent complex.
A BiOBr/Bi4MoO9 edge-on heterostructure with fast electron transport for efficient photocatalytic activity
Authors: Yang Gui , Liang Yujun , Yang Jian , Wang Kun , Zeng Zikang , Xiong Zhuoran
Published: October 2021

A BiOBr/Bi4MoO9 edge-on heterostructure with fast electron transport can effectively improve the interface conductivity and accelerate the charge separation efficiency.
Phosphorus mediated imidazolinium to oxazolium ring rearrangement
Authors: Bawari Deependra , Volodarsky Solomon , Ginzburg Yael , Jaiswal Kuldeep , Joshi Pooja , Dobrovetsky Roman
Published: October 2021

An unexpected imidazolinium ring rearrangement in the NHC-based OCO pincer-type ligand occurred upon reaction with PCl3 producing chlorophosphine with a pendant oxazolium ring.
Correction: Graphene oxide encapsulated by mesoporous silica for intelligent anticorrosive coating: studies on release models and self-healing ability
Authors: Du Peng , Wang Juan , Zhao Haichao , Liu Guangzhou , Wang Liping
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Graphene oxide encapsulated by mesoporous silica for intelligent anticorrosive coating: studies on release models and self-healing ability’ by Peng Du et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 13064–13073, DOI: 10.1039/C9DT02454A.
Monitoring battery electrolyte chemistry via in-operando tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors
Authors: Huang Jiaqiang , Han Xile , Liu Fu , Gervillié Charlotte , Blanquer Laura Albero , Guo Tuan , Tarascon Jean-Marie
Published: October 2021

Tracking electrolyte chemistry and turbidity by fiber optic sensors.
Molecular changes among non-volatile disinfection by-products between drinking water treatment and consumer taps
Authors: Andersson Anna , Gonsior Michael , Harir Mourad , Hertkorn Norbert , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Powers Leanne , Kylin Henrik , Hellström Daniel , Nilsson Kerstin , Pettersson Ämma , Stavklint Helena , Bastviken David
Published: October 2021

The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment has been associated with various health concerns but the agents, i.e., the DBPs that cause these health concerns, are still unknown.
Electrospun nanofibers: role of nanofibers in water remediation and effect of experimental variables on their nano topography and application processes
Authors: Padaki Mahesh , T. M. Subramanya , Prasad Divya , Déon Sébastien , Jadhav Arvind H.
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanofibers: an insight into the latest solutions provided by the scientific community for large scale manufacturing of nanofibers and the role of nanofibers in water remediation.
Dietary protein and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yishake Dinuerguli , He Tong-tong , Liu Zhao-yan , Chen Si , Luo Yan , Liu Xiao-zhan , Huang Rong-zhu , Lan Qiu-ye , Fang Ai-ping , Zhu Hui-lian
Published: October 2021

Dietary protein has been linked with all-cause and cancer mortality. However, the relationship between protein and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown.
Possible regulation of liver glycogen structure through the gut-liver axis by resistant starch: a review
Authors: Hu Yiming , Li Cheng , Hou Yingyong
Published: October 2021

Interactions among diet, gut microbiota and liver glycogen structures in improving the blood glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes.
Controlling the interfacial reactions and environment of rare-earth ions in thin oxide films towards wafer-scalable quantum technologies
Authors: Harada N. , Tallaire A. , Serrano D. , Seyeux A. , Marcus P. , Portier X. , Labbé C. , Goldner P. , Ferrier A.
Published: October 2021

Encapsulating the active layer containing rare-earth ions between undoped thick layers allows limiting interfacial reactions during thermal annealing and leads to narrower homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths.
Observation of suppressed diffuson and propagon thermal conductivity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Eslamisaray Mohammad Ali , Feng Tianli , Kortshagen Uwe , Wang Xiaojia
Published: October 2021

In this work, the thermal properties of hydrogenated a-Si films are studied. The results are beneficial for the design and optimization of amorphous silicon-based technologies including photovoltaics, electronics, and thermoelectrics.
Antimicrobial properties of nanostructured surfaces – demonstrating the need for a standard testing methodology
Authors: Michalska Martyna , Divan Ralu , Noirot Philippe , Laible Philip D.
Published: October 2021

A new use of flow cytometry to determine antimicrobial properties of nanopatterns is shown and compared to traditional tests. All factors – material, environmental, biological – impact the success or failure of the method to quantify the properties.
CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) targeted gold nanoparticles potently enhance radiotherapy outcomes in breast cancer
Authors: Bhattarai Shanta , Mackeyev Yuri , Venkatesulu Bhanu P. , Krishnan Sunil , Singh Pankaj K.
Published: October 2021

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed on most breast cancer cell surfaces including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which lacks traditional receptor overexpression.
Internalization into cancer cells of zwitterionic amino acid polymers via amino acid transporter recognition
Authors: Takano Shin , Sakurai Kazuo , Fujii Shota
Published: October 2021

Zwitterionic amino acid polymers are internalized into cancer cells via their recognition capability for amino acid transporters, which is overexpressed on cancer cells compared with normal cells.
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active N-arylated ferrocenyl pyrazole chromophores: second-order nonlinear optical and turn on/off fluorescence for the detection of picric acid in mixed aqueous media
Authors: David Ezhumalai , Thirumoorthy Krishnan , Palanisami Nallasamy
Published: October 2021

AIE-active N-arylated ferrocenyl pyrazoles show SHG efficiencies and used as highly selective and sensitive fluorescent sensors for the detection of picric acid in mixed aqueous media.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed three-component tandem reaction to construct novel polycyclic quinone derivatives: synthesis of a carbonate salt chromogenic chemosensor
Authors: Wang Bei , Xu Hong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Guo-Ming , Li Fu-Yu , He Shuai , Shi Zhi-Chuan , Wang Ji-Yu
Published: October 2021

A series novel polycyclic quinone derivatives were constructed providing a carbonate salt chromogenic chemosensor.
Derivatization based on tetrazine scaffolds: synthesis of tetrazine derivatives and their biomedical applications
Authors: Sun Hongbao , Xue Qinghe , Zhang Chang , Wu Haoxing , Feng Ping
Published: October 2021

The recent advances in tetrazine scaffold-based derivatizations have been summarized. The advantages and limitations of derivatization methods and applications of the developed tetrazine derivatives in bioorthogonal chemistry have been highlighted.
Atmosphere-sensitive photoluminescence of CoxFe3−xO4metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Klein Julian , Kampermann Laura , Saddeler Sascha , Korte Jannik , Kowollik Oliver , Smola Tim , Schulz Stephan , Bacher Gerd
Published: October 2021

CoxFe3−xO4(0.4 <x< 2.5) nanoparticles show a broad green emission induced by surface OH-groups with a lower stability regarding UV-photoinduced dehydroxylation on Fe-rich (x≤ 1.6) nanoparticles.
Converting molecular luminescence to ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence via the excited state modulation of sulfone-containing heteroaromatics
Authors: Ma Zetong , Yang Zhiqiang , Mu Lan , Deng Lisong , Chen Liangjian , Wang Bohan , Qiao Xianfeng , Hu Dehua , Yang Bing , Ma Dongge , Peng Junbiao , Ma Yuguang
Published: October 2021

The decoration of a BTPO core results in a change in the luminescence nature from TADF to URTP. The phosphors in an amorphous PMMA matrix showed monomeric URTP with phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 822 ms and quantum yields of up to 11.6%.
General stereoretentive preparation of chiral secondary mixed alkylmagnesium reagents and their use for enantioselective electrophilic aminations
Authors: Kremsmair Alexander , Wilke Henrik R. , Simon Matthias M. , Schmidt Quirin , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2021

We report a general method for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched secondary alkylmagnesium reagents, which undergo highly stereoselective transition-metal free electrophilic aminations, leading to α-chiral amines in up to 97% ee.
Development and evaluation of an integrated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell test system using exergy analysis
Authors: Fang Ming , Cao Jishen , Zou Jianxiao , Song Yating
Published: October 2021

A new high-power fuel cell test system is developed and investigated and can realize integrated gas–heat–water utilization. The performance of the system is evaluated and optimized using exergy analysis.
Liquid fuel productionviasupercritical water gasification of algae: a role for solar heat integration?
Authors: Venkataraman Mahesh B. , Rahbari Alireza , van Eyk Philip , Weimer Alan W. , Lipiński Wojciech , Pye John
Published: October 2021

Algal biomass is an attractive feedstock for carbon-neutral fuel production due to high growth rates and its potential to be farmed in artificial ponds on non-arable land.
Efficient N2 reduction with the VS2 electrocatalyst: identifying the active sites and unraveling the reaction pathway
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zhao Rui , Zhou Yixiang , Wang Xiaoxuan , Chi Xinyue , Xiong Yuanyuan , Li Cheng , Zhao Yufei , Wang Huaizhi , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi-Ming
Published: October 2021

The synthesized flower-like VS2 electrocatalyst exhibits high NRR performance due to unique structure containing a large number of edge active sites. NRR dominantly occurs at the V edge sites through a bridge-on configuration and a preferred hybrid pathway.
Antimony doping to greatly enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ perovskite as a ceramic anode for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Zhu Kang , Hu Xueyu , Peng Ranran , Xia Changrong
Published: October 2021

Solid oxide fuel cells are a clean and efficient electrochemical energy conversion device. Non-transition metal Sb is originally proposed to partially replace Mo in Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ to improve its electrochemical performance as a ceramic anode.
K+, Ni and carbon co-modification promoted two-electron O2 reduction for photocatalytic H2O2 production by crystalline carbon nitride
Authors: Chen Yanfang , Yan Xuemei , Xu Jixiang , Wang Lei
Published: October 2021

79.6 μM of H2O2 was produced in water after 60 min over K+, Ni and carbon-co-modified g-C3N4 which was obtained by calcination of Ni2+-anchored and PVP-encapsulated melamine-cyanuric acid supramolecules, then re-calcination with KCl–LiCl.
A novel mechanism of controlling ultramicropore size in carbons at sub-angstrom level for molecular sieving of propylene/propane mixtures
Authors: Du Shengjun , Huang Jiawu , Anjum Abdul Waqas , Xiao Jing , Li Zhong
Published: October 2021

We developed a novel mechanism to control the ultramicropore size in carbons at sub-angstrom level that enables complete size-sieving of C3H6/C3H8.
Fundamental role of Fe–N–C active sites in a CO2-derived ultra-porous carbon electrode for inhibiting shuttle phenomena in Li–S batteries
Authors: Yang Jeongwoo , Kang Dong Woo , Kim Hodong , Park Jae Hyun , Choi Won Yeong , Lee Jae W.
Published: October 2021

The homogeneously distributed Fe–N–C active sites of TCPC/Fe–N–C synthesized through CO2 conversion and ammonia solution treatment enable thermodynamically favorable energy reduction for lithium sulfide conversion and Li-ion transport.
Anharmonic lattice dynamics of superionic lithium nitride
Authors: Krenzer Gabriel , Kim Chang-Eun , Tolborg Kasper , Morgan Benjamin J. , Walsh Aron
Published: October 2021

We explore the crystal vibrations of Li3N and their connection to the high-temperature superionic transition.
Positively charged membranes with fine-tuned nanopores for ultrafast and high-precision cation separation
Authors: Shin Min Gyu , Seo Jin Young , Park Hosik , Park You-In , Ji Seulgi , Lee Sun Sook , Lee Jung-Hyun
Published: October 2021

Strongly positively charged membranes with fine-tuned nanopores fabricatedviaa swelling–diffusion method exhibit ultrafast and high-precision cation separation.
Surface functionalized bioceramics coated on metallic implants for biomedical and anticorrosion performance – a review
Authors: Kaliaraj Gobi Saravanan , Siva T. , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: October 2021

This review focuses on surface modifications of metallic implant and performance strengthening strategies reported in developing anti-corrosion and biocompatibility properties with functionalized bioceramic coatings.
Impacts of extending the π-conjugation of the 2,2′-biquinoline ligand on the photophysics and reverse saturable absorption of heteroleptic cationic iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Lu Taotao , Lu Cuifen , Cui Peng , Kilina Svetlana , Sun Wenfang
Published: October 2021

Extending the π-conjugation of the 2,2′-biquinoline ligand in Ir(iii) complexes via 7-benzothiazolylfluoren-2-yl substitution increased the triplet excited-state lifetime, leading to broad excited-state absorption at 480–800 nm and strong RSA at 532 nm.
Multifunctional hydantoins: recent advances in optoelectronics and medicinal drugs from Academia to the chemical industry
Authors: Gawas Pratiksha P. , Ramakrishna Buthanapalli , Veeraiah N. , Nutalapati Venkatramaiah
Published: October 2021

This review provides a detailed survey on the structural modifications of hydantoin (TH)/2-thiohydantoin (2TH) derivatives and understanding of their photophysical properties, enabling their potential use in optoelectronics and prototypes.
Multifunctional assistant acceptor modulated pyrenyl phenanthrimidazole derivatives for highly efficient blue and host-sensitized OLEDs
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Anudeebhana Jagathratchagan , Thanikachalam Venugopal , Sivaraj Sekar
Published: October 2021

We have designed blue emitters  PPINCN, PPINCN-TPE and PPINCN-Cz with orthogonal D–A structure to harvest maximum exciton efficiency (EUE) through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) with hot exciton mechanism.
Spheroidal magnetic stars rotating in vacuum
Authors: Pétri J.
Published: October 2021

Context. Gravity shapes stars to become almost spherical because of the isotropic nature of gravitational attraction in Newton’s theory. However, several mechanisms break this isotropy, such as their rotation generating a centrifugal force, magnetic pressure, or anisotropic equations of state. The stellar surface therefore slightly or significantly deviates from a sphere depending on the strength of these anisotropic perturbations.

Aims. In this paper, we compute analytical and numerical solutions of the electromagnetic field produced by a rotating spheroidal star of oblate or prolate nature. This study is particularly relevant for millisecond pulsars for which strong deformations are produced by rotation or a strong magnetic field, leading to indirect observational signatures of the polar cap thermal X-ray emission.

Methods. First we solve the time harmonic Maxwell equations in vacuum by using oblate and prolate spheroidal coordinates adapted to the stellar boundary conditions. The solutions are expanded in series of radial and angular spheroidal wave functions. Particular emphasis is put on the magnetic dipole radiation. Second, we compute approximate solutions by integrating the time-dependent Maxwell equations in spheroidal coordinates numerically.

Results. We show that the spin-down luminosity corrections compared to a perfect sphere are, to leading order, given by terms involving (a/rL)2 and (a/R)2 where a is the stellar oblateness or prolateness, R the smallest star radius, and rL the light-cylinder radius. The corresponding perturbations in the electromagnetic field are only perceptible close to the surface, deforming the polar cap rims. At large distances r ≫ a, the solution tends asymptotically to the perfect spherical case of a rotating dipole.
Environmental safety of the air transport: the problems and the solutions
Authors: Rumyantseva E. E. , Gubenko A.V. , Pankratova A. R.
Published: October 2021

This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study of problems and ways to solve them in the field of ensuring the environmental safety of air transport in Russia and in the world, carried out by its authors. The environmental safety of air transport in Russia is provided in Russian legislation to a greater extent formally, but based on a rather deeply developed concept of “safety”, covering all areas of life. Wherein, there is an acute lack of collection and publication of quantitative indicators on which development of this research topic shall be based, in the adopted regulatory legal acts there is inconsistency and lack of development is felt. The authors focus on the need for scientific research in Russia and preparation of regulatory legal acts at a new qualitative level as overcoming Russia’s position as a catching-up country in this and a number of other areas, presenting new promising areas as a result of their scientometric work, including personal responsibility of passengers for reducing carbon emissions from their air travel.
Regional specific features of architectural space ecologization for preschool education in the Urals
Authors: Lamekhova Natalia
Published: October 2021

The article is concerned with the study of methods on architectural space ecologization for preschool education in Ural region of Russia. The main goal of introducing architectural methods is to educate the child in the correct attitude toward nature, to form a basic reference point in the education of preschool children by architectural means.
Ecology mediatization: strategy of biological resource management (on the example of the RNO-Alania)
Authors: Golovko Sergey , Kokhanova Liudmila , Alekseeva Tatiana , Chereshneva Yulia , Gubanova Maria
Published: October 2021

The article shows how the process of the formation of environmental mediatization concept contributes to the implementation of the bioresource management strategy. The research has been conducted in the subject of the Russian Federation, the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. This region has been selected as rather complicated and environmentally vulnerable due to the fact that natural resource and ethno-cultural potentials pose severe challenges there. The final sample consists of 150 publications of an informational and analytical character published in the periodicals of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania from 2017 to September 2021. These days, network information resources are considered the most effective tool of mediatizing ecology and developing a strategy for managing biological resources. However, as a result of the spontaneous approach to the formation of the RNO-Alania as an environmentally pristine region, there is an imbalance of both information coverage and coverage of environmental issues in comparison to other topics. The conducted research has made it possible to outline the parameters of the spontaneously developing network media system and highlight their main characteristics. Thus, the media image of the RNO-Alania as an environmentally friendly region nowadays basically does not meet the requirements and challenges of modern times.
Phenomena of digital divide and ways of its bridging
Authors: Tkachenko K. I. , Zolkin A. L. , Lomakin D. E. , Pakhomova A. I. , Pomazanov V. V.
Published: October 2021

This article is concerned with the research of digital divide challenge and its social and economic impacts. Authors review the formation of definitions and their development. Because of research, the views of famous scientists on divide, its main aspects and role in social and economic relation system are mentioned; definition of “digital divide” is reviewed; author typologies of digital divide are reviewed; five main areas of digital divide concept are highlighted; its reasons and impacts are defined. Phenomena of digital divide started to be researched extensively at the end of XX century; the following concepts can be highlighted from the main ones: total access availability, capacity development, economical change, digital public goods development, global digital cooperation. Therefore, digital divide is the newest type of divide, which is still in theoretical justification infancy; there is still no universal definition of this phenomena.
Inter-settlement territories, their realities and prospects
Authors: Vylegzhanina Valeria , Giniyatov Ilgiz , Dobrotvorskaya Nadezhda , Ilinykh Anastasia , Timonov Victor
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of research and analysis of the state of agricultural land in the Novosibirsk region, located in inter-settlement areas, considered the main reasons contributing to the degradation of agricultural land. The need for the formation of scientific approaches in solving the problems identified by the Government of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, which provides for the development of the agro-industrial complex, which allows providing the population of the country with high-quality, affordable and safe agricultural products, has been substantiated. It is proposed to form “exchange zones” in each region of the country, which should include the scientific community represented by representatives of specialized higher educational institutions with the involvement of production structures, Rosreestr (Russian State Register), regional ministries of agriculture, ensuring the implementation of the state agro-industrial policy. The concept of a system of step-by-step work is proposed, aimed at the rational use of agricultural land in the framework of managing the development of inter-settlement territories.
Youth policy in the human capital management system: Russian practice
Authors: Maltseva Daria , Safonova Olga , Dedul Anastasia , Petrunina Maria , Tepina Sofia
Published: October 2021

The study analyzes the modern youth policy of the Russian Federation using the methodological foundations of the theory of human capital. In this context, the criteria for the efficiency of youth policy are defined. The authors argue that youth policy is one of the priority areas of activity that determines the improvement of the country’s human capital. Moreover, it is possible to designate the formation and development of well-rounded young people who demonstrate initiative, are responsible and patriotic, have an active civic position, beliefs and a system of values, and take an active part in political and public life.
Legal formation of the national systems of organic production in Russia and the EAEU
Authors: Matytsin Denis , Baltutite Iolanta , Inshakova Agnessa
Published: October 2021

The chapter substantiates the conclusion that an organic product is a food product produced on basis of natural agriculture and animal husbandry, without the use of pesticides and other plant protection products, chemical fertilizers, growth stimulants and animal fattening. Having studied the agricultural legislation of Russia and other EAEU countries, the authors note that these legal acts contain a large number of common approaches and methods of state regulation of the production and turnover of organic products, although it differs in terms of individual production conditions, prohibitions and restrictions. Despite the fact that the adoption of laws on organic products in Russia and the EAEU countries was a great victory for agricultural producers and consumers, there is still a lot of work to done. It is necessary to bring the EAEU standards in line with international requirements, to develop specific measures to support producers of organic agricultural products, to fine-tune control mechanisms and to establish sanctions for violations in this area. In particular, it is advisable to establish legal liability for the use of organic labeling without proper grounds. As economic measures to support producers of organic products, it is necessary to establish a regulatory obligation of the state to purchase only organic products for military personnel, hospitals, orphanages, as well as other similar social needs.
B-Vitamine in der Geriatrie – was bestimmen, was ersetzen?
Authors: Djukic Marija , von Arnim Christine A. F.
Published: October 2021

Ein Vitamin-B1-Mangel kann sich als Wernicke-Enzephalopathie oder als Beriberi manifestieren. Geriatrische Patienten mit den Diagnosen Demenz oder Delir haben niedrigere Vitamin-B1-Spiegel als solche ohne diese Diagnosen. Ebenso zeigen sich bei geriatrischen Patienten mit höherem Vitamin-B1-Spiegel bessere Ergebnisse in der Funktionalität (Barthel-Index) bei Entlassung. Vitamin B6 ist an über 100 Reaktionen als Koenzym beteiligt und ein Mangel kann daher mit vielen Symptomen einhergehen. Klinische Manifestationen des Vitamin-B12-Mangels reichen von frühen neuropsychiatrischen bis zu hämatologischen Symptomen, wobei die makrozytäre Anämie als später Indikator eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels gilt. Neurologische Symptome treten sehr häufig schon vor oder ohne hämatologische Manifestationen auf. Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-B1-Spiegels im Blut ist wenig aussagekräftig. Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist eine klinische Diagnose. Zur Diagnose eines Vitamin-B6-Mangels wird die Bestimmung von Pyridoxin (Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphat) im Plasma empfohlen. Ein erniedrigter Holo-TC-Spiegel im Serum gilt als frühester Marker eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels. Eine kombinierte Bestimmung von Vitamin B12, Holo-TC, MMA und Homozystein scheint die diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit bei Vitamin-B12-Mangel zu erhöhen. Für Empfehlungen zur Substitutionstherapie bei allen B-Vitaminen liegen kaum bzw. keine evidenzbasierten Daten vor. Durch die Substitution von 0,8 mg Folsäure, 0,5 mg Vitamin B12 und 20 mg Vitamin B6 konnte in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie bei Patienten mit einer leichten kognitiven Störung eine Verlangsamung der Hirnatrophie bewirkt werden.
Evaluierung prognostischer Indikatoren der klinischen Untersuchung sowie eines Scoringsystems für Kolikerkrankungen beim Pferd
Authors: Büttner Jasmin , Brehm Walter , Gittel Claudia
Published: October 2021

Gegenstand und Ziel Kolikerkrankungen beim Pferd sind mit einer relativ hohen Mortalitätsrate verbunden. Einige Parameter der klinischen Untersuchung können auf einen negativen Ausgang hindeuten. Die Studie untersuchte, inwiefern eine frühzeitige Vorhersage einer eindeutigen Prognose hinsichtlich des Überlebens des Patienten möglich ist.

Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie (2013–2017) wurden Ergebnisse der klinischen Untersuchung von Kolikpatienten analysiert und deskriptiv ausgewertet. Untersuchte Parameter wurden entsprechend ihrer Ausprägung in physiologische und pathologische Stufen kategorisiert. Mithilfe von Odds Ratios wurde das Risiko zu versterben im Vergleich zur physiologischen Parameterkategorie untersucht. Die durch Summation einzelner Parameterwerte ermittelten individuellen Gesamtpunktzahlen wurden in Relation zum Ausgang der Erkrankung betrachtet und hinsichtlich eines Schwellenwerts in Bezug auf Prognose und Therapieform untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Auswertung umfasste 492 Fälle von Kolikerkrankungen. 433 Pferde (88 %) konnten als geheilt entlassen werden. Insgesamt wurden 346 Pferde (70,3 %) konservativ behandelt (96 % überlebend) und 146 Pferde (29,7 %) wurden laparotomiert (69,2 % überlebend). Ein erhöhtes Risiko zu versterben zeigte sich u. a. bei einer Kolikdauer > 6 Stunden (OR = 3,590, p = 0,035), einem Alter von > 20 Jahren (OR = 5,498, p < 0,0005) und einer Zugehörigkeit zur Rassegruppe Kaltblut (OR = 8,364, p < 0,0005). Häufiger verstarben auch Patienten mit einer deutlich erhöhten Herz- bzw. Atemfrequenz (OR = 24,294, p < 0,0005 bzw. OR = 20,375, p < 0,0005) oder einer gesteigerten Blutlaktatkonzentration (> 90 mg/dl; OR = 26,390, p < 0,0005). Mit dem Punktesystem ließ sich nicht eindeutig ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen höherer Gesamtpunktzahl und schlechterer Prognose nachweisen.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Parameter der klinischen Untersuchung sowie anamnestische Angaben können einen Hinweis für die Prognose des vorgestellten Kolikpatienten liefern. Eine eindeutige Klassifizierung hinsichtlich Überleben oder Therapieoption ist jedoch nicht möglich. Eine gründliche Patientenevaluation ist notwendig, um die weitere Therapie auszuwählen und die Prognose bewerten zu können.
6-Amino-3-Methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole-5-Carbonitrile Shows Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Action via Calcium Channel Blockade
Authors: Estrada-Soto Samuel , Rendón-Vallejo Priscila , Villalobos-Molina Rafael , Millán-Pacheco César , Vázquez MiguelA. , Hernández-Borja Fernando , Hernández-Núñez Emanuel
Published: October 2021

Several 4H-pyran derivatives were designed and synthesized previously as vasorelaxant agents for potential antihypertensive drugs. In this context, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the functional mechanism of vasorelaxant action of 6-amino-3-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (1) and its in vivo antihypertensive effect. Thus, compound 1 showed significant vasorelaxant action on isolated aorta rat rings pre-contracted with serotonin or noradrenaline, and the effect was not endothelium-dependent. Compound 1 induced a significant relaxant effect when aortic rings were contracted with KCl (80 mM), indicating that the main mechanism of action is related to L-type calcium channel blockade. Last was corroborated since compound 1 induced a significant concentration-dependent lowering of contraction provoked by cumulative CaCl2 adding. Moreover, compound 1 was capable to block the contraction induced by FPL 64176, a specific L-type calcium channel agonist, in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, docking studies revealed that compound 1 interacts on two possible sites of the L-type calcium channel and it had better affinity energy (−7.80+/−0.00 kcal/mol on the best poses) than nifedipine (−6.86+/−0.14 kcal/mol). Finally, compound 1 (50 mg/kg) showed significant antihypertensive activity, lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) without modifying heart rate.
Pro Endo: No Need for Open Any More ... Surveillance is All Important
Authors: Mylonas Spyridon , Behrens Amelie , Dorweiler Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Seit dem ersten Bericht im Jahr 1991 hat sich die endovaskuläre Aneurysmareparatur (EVAR)
von abdominellen Aortenaneurysmen (BAAs) zu einer etablierten und bevorzugten
Behandlungsmethode bei vielen Patienten entwickelt. Mehrere randomisierte kontrollierte
Studien zum Vergleich von EVAR und offener Rekonstruktion haben einen frühen
Überlebensvorteil, eine niedrigere perioperative Morbidität und einen kürzeren
Krankenhausaufenthalt mit EVAR gezeigt. Infolgedessen ist EVAR in den meisten Gefäßzentren die
häufigste Methode zur elektiven Reparatur von BAAs geworden. Trotz der verbreiteten Anwendung
gibt es noch immer Untergruppen des Patientenkollektivs, bei denen der Nutzen von EVAR nicht
eindeutig nachgewiesen wurde. Die in diesem Zusammenhang am häufigsten diskutierten
Untergruppe ist der Patient mit wenigen Risikofaktoren, wegen Bedenken hinsichtlich der
Dauerhaftigkeit der Methode und dem Bedarf von Reinterventionen. EVAR kann bei diesen jüngeren
Patienten Haltbarkeit und Langzeitüberleben ähnlich denen mit offener Reparatur bieten,
solange die Anatomie des Aneurysmas berücksichtigt und die Gebrauchsanweisung eingehalten
werden. Die Evidenz über die Auswirkungen der Nachkontrollen auf die Überlebensrate der
Patienten aktuell ist umstritten Mit zunehmendem Wissen über das Verhalten von Endoprothesen
und Faktoren, welche die Komplikationen des Endografts beeinflussen, kam es zu Veränderungen
in der Nachsorge. Eine eher patientenspezifische Nachsorge und weniger die Einhaltung eines
rigorosen Nachsorgeschemas ist gefordert.
Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Ring-Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanated Oxabenzonorbornadienes with Carboxylic Acid Nucleophiles
Authors: Tam William , Ho Angel , Pounder Austin , Koh Samuel , Macleod Matthew P. , Carlson Emily
Published: October 2021

The present work demonstrates the ability of carboxylic acid tethered cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadienes (CPOBDs) to undergo ring-opening reactions in mild acidic conditions. The optimized reaction conditions involve the use of pTsOH in DCE at 90 °C. Two regioisomers are formed but the reactions are highly regioselective towards type 3 ring-opened products. It was observed that substitution at the C5 and aryl positions of CPOBD significantly hinders the ring-opening reactions leading to decreased yields of ring-opened products, although high regioselectivity for the Type 3 ring-opened products is still maintained. Herein, the first examples of acid-catalyzed intramolecular ring-opening reactions of CPOBD with carboxylic acid nucleophiles are reported.
Reconstruction of Axillary Defect due to Necrotizing Fasciitis and Debridement Using a Free-Flap Transfer: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Ogawa Haruo , Nakayama Haruki , Nakayama Shinichi , Tahara Shinya
Published: October 2021

Background Necrotizing fasciitis is a well-known disease that causes extensive tissue infection and requires radical debridement of the infected tissue. It can occur in all parts of the body, but there are few reports of necrotizing fasciitis in the axilla. We treated three patients with axillary necrotizing fasciitis.

Methods In all cases, patients were referred to us after radical debridement of the infected soft tissue in the emergency department. At the first visit to our department, there were fist-sized soft tissue defects in the axilla. Moreover, the ipsilateral pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles were partially resected because of the debridement of necrotizing fasciitis. In all cases, the ipsilateral thoracodorsal vessels were severely damaged and free-flap transfer was performed to close the axillary wound.

Results All free flaps survived without complications. The patient's range of motion for shoulder abduction on the affected side was maintained postoperatively.

Conclusion If necrotizing fasciitis occurs in the axilla, tissue infection can spread beyond it. In such a case, free-flap transfer can be an optimal treatment. Radical resection of the infected tissue results in the absence of recipient vessels in the axilla. Surgeons should bear in mind that, because of radical resection of the infected tissue, they may need to seek recipient vessels for free-flap transfer far from the axilla.
Provider Perspectives on the Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of Teleneonatology
Authors: Fang Jennifer L. , Umoren Rachel , Whyte Hilary , Limjoco Jamie , Makkar Abhishek , Yankanah Rosanna , McCoy Mike , Lo Mark D. , Colby Christopher E. , Herrin Jeph , Jacobson Robert M. , Demaerschalk Bart M.
Published: October 2021

Objective We aimed to measure provider perspectives on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community hospitals.

Study Design Providers from five academic tertiary NICUs and 27 community hospitals were surveyed using validated implementation measures to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology. For each of the 12 statements, scale values ranged from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater positive perceptions. Survey results were summarized, and differences across respondents assessed using generalized linear models.

Results The survey response rate was 56% (203/365). Respondents found teleneonatology to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The percent of respondents who agreed with each of the twelve statements ranged from 88.6 to 99.0%, with mean scores of 4.4 to 4.7 and median scores of 4.0 to 5.0. There was no difference in the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology when analyzed by professional role, years of experience in neonatal care, or years of teleneonatology experience. Respondents from Level I well newborn nurseries had greater positive perceptions of teleneonatology than those from Level II special care nurseries.

Conclusion Providers in tertiary NICUs and community hospitals perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their practices. The wide acceptance by providers of all roles and levels of experience likely demonstrates a broad receptiveness to telemedicine as a tool to deliver neonatal care, particularly in rural communities where specialists are unavailable.

Key Points
Collaboration in the time of COVID: a scientometric analysis of multidisciplinary SARS-CoV-2 research
Authors: Cunningham Eoghan , Smyth Barry , Greene Derek
Published: October 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 illness it causes have inspired unprecedented levels of multidisciplinary research in an effort to address a generational public health challenge. In this work we conduct a scientometric analysis of COVID-19 research, paying particular attention to the nature of collaboration that this pandemic has fostered among different disciplines. Increased multidisciplinary collaboration has been shown to produce greater scientific impact, albeit with higher co-ordination costs. As such, we consider a collection of over 166,000 COVID-19-related articles to assess the scale and diversity of collaboration in COVID-19 research, which we compare to non-COVID-19 controls before and during the pandemic. We show that COVID-19 research teams are not only significantly smaller than their non-COVID-19 counterparts, but they are also more diverse. Furthermore, we find that COVID-19 research has increased the multidisciplinarity of authors across most scientific fields of study, indicating that COVID-19 has helped to remove some of the barriers that usually exist between disparate disciplines. Finally, we highlight a number of interesting areas of multidisciplinary research during COVID-19, and propose methodologies for visualising the nature of multidisciplinary collaboration, which may have application beyond this pandemic.
Thermal tuning of mechanical nonlinearity in GaAs doubly-clamped MEMS beam resonators
Authors: Zhang Ya , Yoshioka Yuri , Iimori Mirai , Qiu Boqi , Liu Xin , Hirakawa Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

We report the thermal tuning of the mechanical nonlinearity in GaAs double-clamped MEMS beam resonators for sensitive thermal sensing applications. We have estimated the mechanical nonlinearity in GaAs MEMS beam resonator by measuring its resonance frequency as a function of oscillation amplitude. The MEMS resonator shows a hardening nonlinearity with a small linear oscillation range of ∼30 nm. When electrical heat is applied to the MEMS beam, we have observed a significant reduction in the mechanical nonlinearity of MEMS resonators near the buckling point of the MEMS beam. The decrease in the mechanical nonlinearity originates from the bending of the MEMS beam, which gives a softening nonlinearity term and, hence, compensates the total nonlinearity. With the thermal tuning effect, MEMS resonator can maintain a very large quasi linear oscillation amplitude of ∼300 nm, which is ∼10 times larger than the linear oscillation range without the control of nonlinearity.
Post-translational regulation of the membrane transporters contributing to salt tolerance in plants
Authors: Gupta Amber , Shaw Birendra Prasad , Sahu Binod Bihari
Published: October 2021

This review article summarises the role of membrane transporters and their regulatory kinases in minimising the toxicity of Na+ in the plant under salt stress. The salt-tolerant plants keep their cytosolic level of Na+ up to 10–50 mM. The first line of action in this context is the generation of proton motive force by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. The generated proton motive force repolarises the membrane that gets depolarised due to passive uptake of Na+ under salt stress. The proton motive force generated also drives the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, SOS1 that effluxes the cytosolic Na+ back into the environment. At the intracellular level, Na+ is sequestered by the vacuole. Vacuolar Na+ uptake is mediated by Na+/H+ antiporter, NHX, driven by the electrochemical gradient for H+, generated by tonoplast H+ pumps, both H+ATPase and PPase. However, it is the expression of the regulatory kinases that make these transporters active through post-translational modification enabling them to effectively manage the cytosolic level of Na+, which is essential for tolerance to salinity in plants. Yet our knowledge of the expression and functioning of the regulatory kinases in plant species differing in tolerance to salinity is scant. Bioinformatics-based identification of the kinases like OsCIPK24 in crop plants, which are mostly salt-sensitive, may enable biotechnological intervention in making the crop cultivar more salt-tolerant, and effectively increasing its annual yield.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells powered with both CO and H
2
Authors: Wang Xian , Li Yang , Wang Ying , Zhang Hao , Jin Zhao , Yang Xiaolong , Shi Zhaoping , Liang Liang , Wu Zhijian , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Wei , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei , Ge Junjie
Published: October 2021

Significance

We report a class of IrRu-N-C catalysts, with Ir and Ru single atoms uniformly populated in nitrogen–carbon composites. The catalyst not only represents an example of high-efficiency single-atom catalysis toward H
2
electrooxidation, but also exhibits excellent CO electrooxidation reaction (COOR) behavior. The traditionally invincible CO electrooxidation process occurs easily on this catalyst, with COOR initiates at nearly 0 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode at ambient temperature. This endows the catalyst with superb CO antipoisoning property in proton exchange membrane fuel cell at ultralow noble metal loading. Combining theoretical calculation and physical probing techniques, we find that the approximated Ir and Ru single atomic sites act in synergy to confer the catalysts with this excellent CO conversion behavior.
Influence of rotation on axisymmetric plasma equilibria: double-null DTT scenario
Authors: Del Prete Matteo , Montani Giovanni
Published: October 2021

We study the influence of toroidal plasma rotation on some relevant tokamak equilibrium quantities. The Grad–Shafranov equation generalised to the rotating case is analytically solved employing two different representations for the homogenous solution. Using an expression in terms of polynomials, we describe the separatrix shape by a few geometrical parameters, reproducing different plasma scenarios such as double-null and inverse triangularity. In this setting, the introduction of toroidal rotation corresponds to variations on relevant plasma quantities, most notably an enhancement of the poloidal beta. Using a more general expression in terms of Bessel functions, we reconstruct the full plasma boundary of the double-null configuration proposed for the upcoming Divertor Tokamak Test experiment, demonstrating how said configuration is compatible with different values of the plasma velocity.