bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on hemoglobin A1c, glycated albumin and glycosylated serum protein in aplastic anemia patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suo Minghuan , Wen Dongmei , Wang Weijia , Zhang Tingting
Published: April 2020

Objective: To differentiate the value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycated albumin (GA) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP) in monitoring blood glucose of patients with aplastic anemia.

Methods: 42 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and 30 patients with AA and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in the study, in comparison with 114 healthy subjects and 88 subjects with T2DM. HbA1c, GA, GSP, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (ALB) were measured, and group comparison and correlation analysis were carried out.

Results: Compared with the non-diabetes patients while ALB were <30 g/l or 30–40 g/l, the HbA1c and GSP values in AA, T2DM and AA+T2DM patients were significantly higher while the GA values were lower. Moreover, no differences in FPG levels. The AA+T2DM patients with ALB >40 g/l had higher HbA1c level, with no difference in GA, GSP and FPG levels. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and GA in healthy group (ALB ≥ 40 g/l), AA patients (ALB 30–40 g/l and ≥40 g/l), T2DM patients (ALB 30–40 g/l and ≥40 g/l) and AA+T2DM patients (ALB 30–40 g/l and ≥40 g/l) but not in those with ALB < 30 g/l.

Conclusion: The HbA1c results were affected by moderate-to-severe anemia, but not mild anemia. HbA1c is not recommended to detect blood glucose levels in AA patients (Hb < 90 g/l) or AA patients (ALB < 30 g/l). FPG and GSP are not suitable for AA patients.
Colors and patterns of black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4
Authors: Kosenkov Ilia A. , Veledina Alexandra , Suleimanov Valery F. , Poutanen Juri
Published: April 2020

Black hole X-ray binaries show signs of nonthermal emission in the optical to near-infrared range. We analyzed optical to near-infrared SMARTS data on GX 339-4 over the 2002–2011 period. Using soft state data, we estimated the interstellar extinction toward the source and characteristic color temperatures of the accretion disk. We show that various spectral states of regular outbursts occupy similar regions on color-magnitude diagrams, and that transitions between the states proceed along the same tracks despite substantial differences in the morphology of the observed light curves. We determine the typical duration of hard-to-soft and soft-to-hard state transitions and the hard state at the decaying stage of the outburst to be one, two, and four weeks, respectively. We find that the failed outbursts cannot be easily distinguished from the regular outbursts at their early stages, but if the source reaches 16 mag inVband, it transits to the soft state. By subtracting the contribution of the accretion disk, we obtain spectra of the nonthermal component, which have constant, nearly flat shapes during the transitions between the hard and soft states. In contrast to the slowly evolving nonthermal component seen at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, the mid-infrared spectrum is strongly variable on short timescales and sometimes shows a prominent excess with a cutoff below 1014Hz. We show that the radio to optical spectrum can be modeled using three components corresponding to the jet, hot flow, and irradiated accretion disk.
Hyperfine excitation of SH+ by H
Authors: Lique François , Zanchet Alexandre , Bulut Niyazi , Goicoechea Javier R. , Roncero Octavio
Published: April 2020

Context. SH+ is a surprisingly widespread molecular ion in diffuse interstellar clouds. There, it plays an important role by triggering the sulfur chemistry. In addition, SH+ emission lines have been detected at the UV-illuminated edges of dense molecular clouds, so-called photo-dissociation regions (PDRs), and toward high-mass protostars. An accurate determination of the SH+ abundance and of the physical conditions prevailing in these energetic environments relies on knowing the rate coefficients of inelastic collisions between SH+ molecules and hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and electrons.

Aims. We derive SH+–H fine and hyperfine-resolved rate coefficients from recent quantum calculations for the SH+–H collisions, including inelastic, exchange, and reactive processes.

Methods. The method we used is based on the infinite-order sudden approach.

Results. State-to-state rate coefficients between the first 31 fine levels and 61 hyperfine levels of SH+ were obtained for temperatures ranging from 10 to 1000 K. Fine-structure resolved rate coefficients present a strong propensity rule in favor of Δj = ΔN transitions. The Δj = ΔF propensity rule is observed for the hyperfine transitions.

Conclusions. The new rate coefficients will help significantly in the interpretation of SH+ spectra from PDRs and UV-irradiated shocks where the abundance of hydrogen atoms with respect to hydrogen molecules can be significant.
Non-Newtonian couple-stress squeeze film behaviour between oscillating anisotropic porous circular discs with sealed boundary
Authors: Boussaha Bilal , Lahmar Mustapha , Bou-Said Benyebka , Boucherit Hamid
Published: April 2020

The thrust of this paper is to investigate theoretically the non-Newtonian couple stress squeeze film behaviour between oscillating circular discs based on V. K. Stokes micro-continuum theory. The lubricant squeezed out between parallel porous and rigid facings is supposed to be a concentrated suspension which consists of small particles dispersed in a Newtonian base fluid (solvent). The effective viscosity of the suspension is determined by using the Krieger-Dougherty viscosity model for a given volume fraction of particles in the base fluid. For low frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal squeezing where cavitation as well as turbulence are unlikely, the governing equations including the modified Reynolds equation coupled with the modified Darcy's equation are derived and solved numerically using the finite difference method and a sub-relaxed iterative procedure. The slip velocity at the porous-fluid interface is directly evaluated by means of the modified Darcy's law considering laminar and isothermal squeezing flow. For a given volume fraction, the couple stress effects on the squeeze film characteristics are analyzed through the dimensionless couple stress parameterℓ˜considering sealed and unsealed boundary of the porous disc. The obtained relevant results reveal that the use of couple stress suspending fluids as lubricants and the effect of sealing the boundary of the porous matrix improves substantially the squeeze film behaviour by increasing the squeeze film force. On the other hand, side leakage flow calculated in the sealed case remains constant in comparison to that of open end (unsealed) porous disc for all values of couple stress parameter and volume fraction of particle.
3 ungewöhnliche Verläufe von gastrointestinalen MALT-Lymphomen
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Eck Matthias , Dorlöchter Christian
Published: April 2020

Wir berichten über den ungewöhnlichen Krankheitsverlauf von drei Patienten mit gastro-intestinalen MALT-Lymphomen. Besonderheiten sind die primäre Manifestation der Lymphome, die hochmaligne Transformation im weiteren Verlauf, der lange Zeitraum zwischen initial erfolgreicher kurativ intendierter Therapie und dem Rezidiv und das Auftreten einer weiteren Neoplasie in einem Fall. Dies zeigt, dass trotz der allgemein guten Prognose von gastrointestinalen MALT-Lymphomen Nachsorgeuntersuchungen sinnvoll sind.
Interdisziplinäre Betreuung von Patienten mit Kurzdarmsyndrom in Deutschland: Eine Cost-of-Illness-Analyse der stationären und ambulanten Behandlung im Vergleich zum erzielten DRG-Erlös
Authors: Muazzam Muhammad Nur , Hauk Christopher , Arensmeyer Jan , Hausen Annekristin , Koeppen Philipp , Kalff Jörg C. , von Websky Martin W.
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund und Fragestellung Das Kurzdarmsyndrom (KDS) ist eine oft chronische Erkrankung mit hoher Morbidität. Diese Untersuchung sollte Versorgungsrealität und -kosten bei der Behandlung von KDS aus Sicht eines Maximalversorgers mit angeschlossener Hochschulambulanz darstellen.

Material und Methodik Es wurden Behandlungsdaten von elf konsekutiven KDS-Patienten am Universitätsklinikum Bonn über vier Jahre anonymisiert ausgewertet. Die ermittelten Leistungen wurden für das Diagnosejahr und drei folgende Behandlungsjahre entsprechend geltenden Leistungskatalogen monetär bewertet.

Ergebnisse Die medianen stationären Tage reduzierten sich von 96 (Diagnosejahr) auf drei Tage im dritten Jahr. Dementsprechend sanken die medianen stationären Therapiekosten von rund 84 500 € auf 3200 €. Die operativen Maßnahmen verlagerten sich von komplexen viszeralchirurgischen Operationen zu meist gefäßchirurgischen Interventionen zur Aufrechterhaltung der venösen Zugangswege. Die DRG-Pauschalen deckten nur rund 50 % der tatsächlichen stationären Kosten. Die Hochschulambulanz-Pauschale deckte rund 16,5 % der ambulanten Leistung. Die jährlichen medianen Kosten für Arzneimittel betrugen 6752 €, für parenterale Ernährung 48 485 € und für die Therapie mit einem GLP-2-Analogon 138 442 €.

Folgerung Die interdisziplinäre Versorgung von KDS-Patienten ist kosten- und ressourcenintensiv. Sie verlagert sich vom stationären in den ambulanten Sektor. Weder die stationäre noch die ambulante Behandlung ist zurzeit kostendeckend vergütet. Dies führt zu fortbestehenden Mängeln der Patientenversorgung in Zeiten ökonomischer Rationalisierung, sodass von der Notwendigkeit zusätzlicher Maßnahmen analog zur sektorenübergreifenden Versorgungsverbesserung bei anderen seltenen Erkrankungen auszugehen ist.
TRAINING ON IMPROVING THE COMPETENCY LEVEL OF SELFADMINISTRATION OF INSULIN AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS
Authors: Shettigar Swetha , Kamath Ashwini , Alva Glancy Linet , T. Latha , Raju Nevil Johnson
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted with the objectives to assess the effectiveness of training on self-administration of insulin among type 2 diabetes patients and to determine the relationship between knowledge and skill in self administration of insulin. An evaluative approach with quasi experimental research (one group pre-test post-test) design was adopted for the study. A study was carried out with 30 patients from Kasturba Hospital Manipal. Demographic proforma, knowledge questionnaire and observational checklist on self administration of insulin were used to collect the data. Patients were trained after the pre-test by lecture cum demonstration method and post test was implemented after eight days of training. The study observed that the majority of the sample was having a high school education (40%) males (66.67%) with mean age of 52.87+7.66 years. Most of them received information related to health from TV (63.33%). The duration of Diabetes was 5-10 years (30%) and astonishingly half of them have a family history of Diabetes (50%). The computed paired t was statistically significant in improving the knowledge (t = 27.97, p < 0.001) and skill (t = 16.7, p < 0.001) in self administration of insulin among type 2 diabetes patients. There was a weak positive statistical relationship (r = 0.4, p< 0.05) between knowledge and skill. Therefore, it is concluded that training was effective in enhancing both knowledge and skill in self administration of insulin. The nursing personnel need to take initiative in directing, teaching and educating patients about self administration practices which can be better understood by the patients, family members and the community at large.
A STUDY ON THE CULTURAL PRACTICES OF POSTNATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS AT MANGALORE
Authors: B. Sunanda , Paul Shynee
Published: April 2020

Culture may be defined as a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioural expectations that provide social structure for daily living. Much of the woman's behaviour during the postpartum period is strongly influenced by her cultural background. This study was conducted to identify the cultural practices among the postnatal mothers in selected hospitals at Mangalore. The data was collected from 200 samples between 17-09-12 and 03-11-12 in various hospitals at Mangalore. Descriptive survey research approach was adopted, and collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Distribution of the samples based on demographical characteristics revealed that 49% of the samples were in the age group of 25-29 years, 48.5% of the samples had primary education, 49.5% of the samples were from Muslim religion, 89% of the home makers, 65.5% of the joint family and 76% of the rural mothers were participated in the study. Majority of the mothers were consumed home medicine, restricted to use cold water, restricted to perform spiritual activities, 16.5% of the mothers had a practice of applying herbal medicine to hasten the cord to dry during the postnatal period. 59.5% of the mothers were following unhygienic practice that using a cloth soaked in baby's urine to remove the coated tongue. Hence the study concluded that the postnatal mothers had followed some of the cultural practices mostly in rural areas.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Authors: A. Sowmya M. , Fernandes Philomena
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls. The study design adopted was pre experimental one group pre-test post- test design. The demographic Proforma were collected from the adolescent girls by using structured knowledge questionnaire. Data obtained in these areas were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge was found (t79= 2.0 p<0.05).The study findings showed that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge of adolescent girls regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. There was no significant association between the level of knowledge and demographic variables except the group in which they study (Science, Arts, Commerce)
WORK SAMPLING: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NURSING ACTIVITY IN A MEDICAL WARD
Authors: Tamilselvi A. , Regunath Rajee
Published: April 2020

Nurses perform direct nursing care activities as well as participate in other “indirect” nursing care activities such as ward administration, management and continued professional development activities which form part of the nursing work load in medical ward. Thus it is necessary to understand the proportion of nursing work load assigned to other activities and trends of variation in nursing activities throughout the day in order to estimate the actual staffing requirements. A work sampling method was used and a snapshot of nursing activity was recorded at 10 minute intervals from 7.00am to 7.00 pm for a week. The results revealed that a total of 1335 activities were observed and recorded over a week time and categorized as follows: Basic nursing care (6.2%), complex nursing care (66.8%), administration (4.1%), clerical (9.9%), housekeeping (1.7%), maintenance (2.4%) and non productive activities (8.7%). The proportion of complex nursing care activities mainly concentrated in morning shifts and to a lesser extent n the afternoon shifts. It was concluded that more than half of the nursing activities performed by staff nurses were complex nursing activities. Also nurses perform other activities such as clerical, administration and non productive activities and these activities must be considered for estimating staffing requirements.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME IN SELECTED SCHOOLS AT MANGALORE
Authors: R. Reeja Mol , R. Sujatha
Published: April 2020

This qualitative study explored the mother's experiences of parenting a child with Down's syndrome. The research approach used in this study was Phenomenology. Interviews were conducted with seven mothers who had a child with Down syndrome. The study was conducted at selected special schools at Mangalore. From the Analysis of the data six major themes were emerged. Non acceptance – Birth of an abnormal child, Lifestyle changes, High bonding between family members, Worried about the unpredictable future of the child, Societal and Community acceptance and Positiveness towards life. These findings show that birth of a child with Down syndrome produces tremendous physical and psychological effect in parents. So parents need adequate support from nurses right from the very birth of a disabled child. Therefore this study is important for nurses working with families having children with Down syndrome. They need to realize and aware of the problems faced by the families and should advocate necessary support.
EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INFORMATIONAL LEAFLET ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Karkada Sushmitha ,   Laveena
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted to determine the knowledge regarding breast cancer and also to find the effectiveness of informational leaflet to enhance women's knowledge regarding breast cancer. The study adapted evaluative approach and the design was one group pretest post test design. The study was carried among 100 women of reproductive age group (15-45 years) residing at Mattar village, Shirva Panchayat Udupi District. Knowledge was assessed using Structured knowledge Questionnaire on Breast cancer. A significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge scores was found (mean difference 8.58, t=25.83). Imparting knowledge regarding breast cancer is useful to maintain healthy life style practices & also promotes one's own as well as others wellbeing.
SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS IN MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM - A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Abdulla Anshad Mohamed , Hegde Amitha M , Gopakumar Manju
Published: April 2020

Background: Cortisol is a hormonal marker of stress which gets released into the blood by adrenal glands during a stressful situation. Mothers of children with autism will usually be experiencing great psychological trauma and therefore will be under high levels of stress. This stress might disturb the health and normal physiology of these mothers thus there is a need for study on the stress markers like cortisol in mothers of children with autism.

Materials and Methods: Saliva of 20 mothers of children with autism and 20 mothers of healthy children were collected during early hours of the day (8 – 8.30 am) and during evenings (4 – 4.15 pm) subjected for cortisol assay using ELISA test. RESULTS: Mothers of children with autism were found to have significantly lower levels of salivary cortisol throughout the day as compared to mothers of healthy children.

Conclusion: There is a need for interventions for mothers of children with autism
SALIVARY ELECTROLYTE AS A BIOMARKER IN CARIES ACTIVE TYPE II DIABETES - A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Hegde Mithra N. , Tahiliani Divya , Shetty Shilpa S. , Devadiga Darshana
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetes Mellitus and dental caries association has been determined successfully but the electrolyte imbalance responsible is still under investigation.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the salivary electrolyte concentration in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with active dental caries.

Methods and Material: 60 diabetic individuals with active dental caries were selected fulfilling the inclusion criteria as the study group with equal number as controls. 5ml of saliva was collected from the patient, centrifuged and the supernatant obtained was subjected to subsequent analysis for Na+, K+ and Cl- ions concentration in saliva.

Statistical analysis: The intergroup comparison correlating the salivary electrolyte concentration was done using student't' test. A 'p' value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD).

Results: The mean value of sodium, potassium and chloride ions in diabetic patients was 0.97+ 0.14, 10.40±0.9 and 135.4±3.67 respectively (p<0.05). However, in non-diabetics it was 0.23±0.07, 6.87±1.86 and 96.24±4.85 respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusions: From our study it is evident that salivary levels of electrolytes show a positive relationship between diabetics and nondiabetics with active dental caries. However, a longitudinal data might help in better understanding of this association.
GLENOID LABRAL CYST PRESENTING WITH SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE PALSY
Authors: Shetty Siddharth M. , R. Rajsankar N. , Shetty B. Jayaprakash
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Glenoid labral cyst in shoulder is an entity akin to meniscal cysts in knee. It usually manifests with features similar to impingement syndrome or rotator cuff weakness.

Clinical Picture: A 42yr old male patient with complaints of left shoulder pain and restriction of movement for 2 months with muscle wasting in left supraspinatus and infraspinatus region. MRI left shoulder showed partial tear of supraspinatus tendon, glenoid labral cyst in closed proximity and causing compression to suprascapular nerve with atrophy of infraspinatus muscle.

Treatment: Left shoulder diagnostic arthroscopy was done and followed with ganglion excision done through a posterior approach and suprascapular nerve was decompressed. Histopathology report showed features of an inflammatory cystic lesion.

Outcome: patient experienced resolution of symptoms within 4 months of surgery with significant restoration of rotator function and bulk.

Conclusion: Suprascapular nerve compressive neuropathy secondary to glenoid labral cyst is a rare entity but easily recognizable on a MRI scan and responds quickly to decompression.
IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT WITHOUT FLAP ELEVATION - A REVIEW
Authors: Bhat Vinaya , Bangawala Mahek R.
Published: April 2020

Background: Not elevating a flap has its own advantages in preserving soft tissue contour around the implant. Thus, aesthetic outcome will be best achievable in anterior region with immediate implant placement without flap elevation.

Summary of content: In present era, the outcome of placing implants into teeth sockets immediately following extraction is as predictable as placing into healed sockets. This procedure can be completed in two ways, one is with mucoperiosteal flap elevation and the other is without flap elevation.

This review article explains the indications, contraindications & factors affecting immediate implant placement without flap elevation. Furthermore it explains advantages - disadvantages of this procedure, case selection criteria & present approach towards this procedure.

Conclusion: Immediate dental implant placement in extraction sockets has been practiced universally from time to time. The advantage of this procedure over the conventional implant placement is obvious and especially so in the aesthetic zone. However careful selection of the patients and meticulous surgical procedure are critical in achieving success in Immediate Implant Placement without flap elevation.
CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL HYGIENE PRACTICES AND DENTAL TREATMENT IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN SOUTH CANARA DISTRICT.( KARNATAKA)
Authors: Sharath K.S , Prabhu Manavi , Thomas Biju , Shetty Shamila
Published: April 2020

Objective: The purpose of the study is to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practise of the oral hygiene,and dental treatment, and its correlation with everyday oral hygiene practices among the health care professionals of south canara district ( Karnataka)

Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on 200 health care professionals between Jan 20th to Feb 20th 2013.Two hundred health professionals were asked to answer a questionnaire containing 15 questions.Data once collected was analysed using SPSS software.

Results: 56.3% health professionals visited the dentist once in six months. 26% health professionals felt that unavailability of time is the main factor influencing dental visits. Main cause of taking a dental appointment in 33% subjects was found to be dental caries. 54.6% obtained information on oral hygiene practices through mass media followed by 22.3 % who obtained it directly from the dentist.59.2% brushed their teeth twice daily.50% used medium bristle tooth brush.48.5 % had a brushing time of 3-5 min. 41.5% did not use any other oral hygiene aid.28.64% got scaling done in the last 3-6 months. 56% did not have an habit of using a tooth pick. 43.3% used combination of circular, vertical and horizontal method of brushing.45.5% felt that scaling caused loss of enamel.

Conclusion: It appears that knowledge, attitude, and behaviour attitude, practice and knowledge of oral hygiene practices and dental treatment in health care professionals in South Canara district is gud.Though more information needs to be provided about other oral hygiene aids.
KNOWLEDGE AND PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF UDUPI DISTRICT - KARNATAKA
Authors: Karkada Suja , Navaneetha Navaneetha , Ansuya Ansuya
Published: April 2020

Objectives:to assess the prevalence and knowledge of diabetes and hypertension among adults and to find the association between knowledge level and variables.

Methods:Descriptive survey was conducted among adults in the selected villages of Udupi district during July 2009- July 2010. The study subjects were interviewed to collect the details with a questionnaire. Total 385 adults were selected by non- probability convenient sampling technique. Data were entered in SPSS11.5 version and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:Out of 385 adults, 27.8% of adults were females and 72.2% had their education up to primary level. Majority (82.2%) of the adults were having unskilled occupation and 96% of them had exposure to mass media. Majority (50.4%) of them had average knowledge on diabetes mellitus and prevalence was found to be only 5%. Majority (50.6%) of the sample had average level of knowledge about hypertension and the prevalence of hypertension was 19.5%. Result shows that there is no significant association between knowledge and selected variables.
OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF APLASTIC ANEMIA FOLLOWING PLATELET TRASFUSION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: S. Divyalakshmi K. , N. Kalpana B.
Published: April 2020

Aplastic anaemia is a rare haemopoietic stem-cell disorder that results in pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow. Ocular findings are manifestations of preexisting anemia. Here we are reporting a case of aplastic anemia which presented with the ocular findings following platelet transfusion which has not been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge.
ROLE OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS : A REVIEW
Authors: Madiyal Ananya , Ajila Vidya , Babu Subhas G , Hedge Shruthi , Keshavaiah Harini , M. Priyadharshini Alva
Published: April 2020

Oral cancer is a major global health concern and poses a challenge to diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of healthcare services. Various oral lesions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus and oral submucus fibrosis categorized as orally potential malignant disorders have shown increased incidence of malignant transformation. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species with capacity to damage nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and bring about changes of clinical significance. Antioxidants help in scavenging these free radicals and prevent disease progression. Naturally occurring phytochemicals play an important role in preventing oxidative stress and protect the cells from damage by free radicals.
X-ray diffraction on La3Ga5SiO14 crystal modulated by SAW near the K absorption edge of Ga
Authors: Roshchupkin Dmitry , Ortega Luc , Vadilonga Simone , Zizak Ivo , Emelin Eugenii , Plotitcyna Olga , Thiaudière Dominique , Leitenberger Wolfram , Formoso Vincenzo , Fettar Farid
Published: April 2020

The process of x-ray diffraction on the La3Ga5SiO14 (LGS) crystal modulated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) near the K absorption edge of Ga (E=10 367 eV) was studied. A redistribution of the diffracted x-ray intensity between the diffraction satellites occurs at the absorption edge due to the change in the x-ray penetration depth into the crystal and an effective change in the interaction of x-ray radiation with the near-surface crystal region modulated by SAW. The intensity distribution of the diffraction satellites starts to change smoothly immediately after the K absorption edge of Ga with a decrease in the x-ray penetration depth into the crystal.
BERTHA: Implementation of a four-component Dirac–Kohn–Sham relativistic framework
Authors: Belpassi Leonardo , De Santis Matteo , Quiney Harry M. , Tarantelli Francesco , Storchi Loriano
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we present and review the most recent computational advances in the BERTHA code. BERTHA can be regarded as the state of the art in fully relativistic four-component Dirac–Kohn–Sham (DKS) software. Thanks to the implementation of various parallelization and memory open-ended distribution schemes in combination with efficient “density fitting” algorithms, it greatly reduces the computational burden of four-component DKS calculations. We also report the newly developed OpenMP version of the code, that, together with the berthmod Python module, provides a significant leap forward in terms of usability and applicability of the BERTHA software. Some applications of the recently developed natural orbitals for chemical valence/charge displacement bonding analysis and the real-time time dependent DKS implementation are also reported.
Single-photon sources: Approaching the ideal through multiplexing
Authors: Meyer-Scott Evan , Silberhorn Christine , Migdall Alan
Published: April 2020

We review the rapid recent progress in single-photon sources based on multiplexing multiple probabilistic photon-creation events. Such multiplexing allows higher single-photon probabilities and lower contamination from higher-order photon states. We study the requirements for multiplexed sources and compare various approaches to multiplexing using different degrees of freedom.
The first microsolvation step for furans: New experiments and benchmarking strategies
Authors: Gottschalk Hannes C. , Poblotzki Anja , Fatima Mariyam , Obenchain Daniel A. , Pérez Cristóbal , Antony Jens , Auer Alexander A. , Baptista Leonardo , Benoit David M. , Bistoni Giovanni , Bohle Fabian , Dahmani Rahma , Firaha Dzmitry , Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas , Harding Michael E. , Hochlaf Majdi , Holzer Christof , Jansen Georg , Klopper Wim , Kopp Wassja A. , Krasowska Małgorzata , Kröger Leif C. , Leonhard Kai , Mogren Al-Mogren Muneerah , Mouhib Halima , Neese Frank , Pereira Max N. , Prakash Muthuramalingam , Ulusoy Inga S. , Mata Ricardo A. , Suhm Martin A. , Schnell Melanie
Published: April 2020

The site-specific first microsolvation step of furan and some of its derivatives with methanol is explored to benchmark the ability of quantum-chemical methods to describe the structure, energetics, and vibrational spectrum at low temperature. Infrared and microwave spectra in supersonic jet expansions are used to quantify the docking preference and some relevant quantum states of the model complexes. Microwave spectroscopy strictly rules out in-plane docking of methanol as opposed to the top coordination of the aromatic ring. Contrasting comparison strategies, which emphasize either the experimental or the theoretical input, are explored. Within the harmonic approximation, only a few composite computational approaches are able to achieve a satisfactory performance. Deuteration experiments suggest that the harmonic treatment itself is largely justified for the zero-point energy, likely and by design due to the systematic cancellation of important anharmonic contributions between the docking variants. Therefore, discrepancies between experiment and theory for the isomer abundance are tentatively assigned to electronic structure deficiencies, but uncertainties remain on the nuclear dynamics side. Attempts to include anharmonic contributions indicate that for systems of this size, a uniform treatment of anharmonicity with systematically improved performance is not yet in sight.
Camera traps are an effective method for identifying individuals and determining the sex of spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus gracilis)
Authors: Rowland Jesse , Hoskin Conrad J. , Burnett Scott
Published: April 2020

We compared two bait station techniques for determining the sex and identifying individual spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus gracilis) using images taken by camera traps. One method used bait in a plastic mesh bag and the other was a new method using a raised bait canister to entice the quolls to stand on their hind legs and present their ventral surface to the camera. Individuals were identified from multiple images of their unique spot pattern, and sex was determined from ventral images. The bait bag method was better for detecting quolls and both methods performed similarly in allowing observers to identify individuals from images. However, the bait canister method was superior for determining sex of individuals. Using this new bait canister method, individual identification was possible in 202 out of 206 detection events and the sex of 81% (47 of 58) of identified individuals was confidently assigned from multiple detections. This bait station design can therefore provide additional data on individual quolls and reduces the need for more invasive live-trapping techniques. This methodology could be adapted for other mammals in Australia and worldwide.
Epigenetic changes and their relationship to somaclonal variation: a need to monitor the micropropagation of plantation crops
Authors: Azizi Parisa , Hanafi Mohamed M. , Sahebi Mahbod , Harikrishna Jennifer A. , Taheri Sima , Yassoralipour Ali , Nasehi Abbas
Published: April 2020

Chromatin modulation plays important roles in gene expression regulation and genome activities. In plants, epigenetic changes, including variations in histone modification and DNA methylation, are linked to alterations in gene expression. Despite the significance and potential of in vitro cell and tissue culture systems in fundamental research and marketable applications, these systems threaten the genetic and epigenetic networks of intact plant organs and tissues. Cell and tissue culture applications can lead to DNA variations, methylation alterations, transposon activation, and finally, somaclonal variations. In this review, we discuss the status of the current understanding of epigenomic changes that occur under in vitro conditions in plantation crops, including coconut, oil palm, rubber, cotton, coffee and tea. It is hoped that comprehensive knowledge of the molecular basis of these epigenomic variations will help researchers develop strategies to enhance the totipotent and embryogenic capabilities of tissue culture systems for plantation crops.
Didactic subtitling in the Foreign Language (FL) classroom. Improving
language skills through task-based practice and Form-Focused Instruction
(FFI)
Authors: Ragni Valentina
Published: April 2020

Didactic subtitling is a relatively new area of investigation that is undergoing
a surge in popularity. By bringing together findings from Audiovisual
Translation (AVT), Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and psycholinguistics, some
theoretical issues related to the practice of subtitle creation in Foreign
Language Learning (FLL) are appraised. The article introduces Task-Based
Learning and Teaching (TBLT) and reflects on what didactic subtitling can and
cannot offer to TBLT approaches. In a still predominantly communicative era,
language researchers are questioning the effectiveness of
entirely communicative approaches to FLL. Many support the
idea that, if successful learning is to be achieved, some Form-Focused
Instruction (FFI) is needed. This article reviews relevant FFI literature, and
explores how far active subtitling can provide an effective strategy for
focussing on form that leads to communicative language development. In doing so,
concepts such as noticing, skill development, interaction, pushed output and
consciousness-raising are addressed. It is argued that a combination of
task-based and form-focused instruction in the subtitling classroom can have
great potential and should be investigated further, both theoretically and
empirically.
Controversies in public and private on-line communication
Authors: Corallo Angelo , Fortunato Laura , Renna Clara , Sarcinella Marco Lucio , Spennato Alessandra , De Blasi Cristina
Published: April 2020

This study tried to deepen the gamification dynamics’ effects on on-line interactions, by adopting a graph theory approach for quantifying controversies.

By using as a case study a unique, collected dataset of conversations exchange and interactions from users of FolkTure mobile app, designed and developed for the folk music Festival “La Notte della Taranta”, we adopted an interdisciplinary approach to data analysis, to verify the hypotesis that the gamification logics implemented inside the app had influenced the rise and progress of controversies within the on-line community.

Network analysis’ results has been verified through both the analytic point of view (the graph theory) and the observation of the pragmatic aspects of communication.
DC‐SIGN mediated internalisation of glycosylated extracellular vesicles from Schistosoma mansoni increases activation of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Kuipers Marije E. , Nolte‐‘t Hoen Esther N.M. , van der Ham Alwin J. , Ozir‐Fazalalikhan Arifa , Nguyen D. Linh , de Korne Clarize M. , Koning Roman I. , Tomes John J. , Hoffmann Karl F. , Smits Hermelijn H. , Hokke Cornelis H.
Published: April 2020

Helminths like Schistosoma mansoni release excretory/secretory (E/S) products that modulate host immunity to enable infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are among these E/S products, yet molecular mechanisms and functionality of S. mansoni EV interaction with host immune cells is unknown. Here we demonstrate that EVs released by S. mansoni schistosomula are internalised by human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Importantly, we show that this uptake was mainly mediated via DC‐SIGN (CD209). Blocking DC‐SIGN almost completely abrogated EV uptake, while blocking mannose receptor (MR, CD206) or dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR, CLEC4A) had no effect on EV uptake. Mass spectrometric analysis of EV glycans revealed the presence of surface N‐glycans with terminal Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAc (LewisX) motifs, and a wide array of fucosylated lipid‐linked glycans, including LewisX, a known ligand for DC‐SIGN. Stimulation of moDCs with schistosomula EVs led to increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD80 and regulatory surface marker PD‐L1. Furthermore, schistosomula EVs increased expression of IL‐12 and IL‐10 by moDCs, which was partly dependent on the interaction with DC‐SIGN. These results provide the first evidence that glycosylation of S. mansoni EVs facilitates the interaction with host immune cells and reveals a role for DC‐SIGN and EV‐associated glycoconjugates in parasite‐induced immune modulation.
The Classical Limit as an Approximation
Authors: Feintzeig Benjamin H.
Published: April 2020

I argue that it is possible to give an interpretation of the classical ℏ→0 limit of quantum mechanics that results in a partial explanation of the success of classical mechanics. The interpretation is novel in that it allows one to explain the success of the theoretical structure of classical mechanics. This interpretation clarifies the relationship between physical quantities and propositions in quantum theories and provides a precise notion of a quantum theory holding “approximately on certain scales.”
Femtosecond laser micro-structuring of amorphous polyether(ether)ketone at 775 nm and 387 nm
Authors: Li Qianliang , Perrie Walter , Potter Richard , Allegre Olivier , Li Zhaoqing , Tang Yue , Zhu Guangyu , Liu Dun , Chalker Paul , Ho Janet , Edwardson Stuart P , Dearden Geoff
Published: April 2020

Laser micro-structuring of amorphous polyether(ether)ketone (PEEK) has been demonstrated with 180 fs/1 kHz NIR (775 nm) and NUV (387 nm) laser pulses. Significant differences in laser-material interaction is observed between the NIR and NUV wavelengths with single pulse ablation threshold found to be 2.01 ± 0.05 J cm−2 and 0.23 ± 0.02 J cm−2 at 775 nm and 387 nm respectively. This is connected to the requirement for multi-photon absorption at 775 nm, where PEEK is transparent, while at 387 nm, significant linear absorption within the material bandgap occurs, favouring sequential 2-photon absorption via reverse saturated absorption (RSA). Open aperture Z scan data yields a 2-photon absorption coefficient β
387(I) which is intensity dependent, consistent with RSA. Multi-pulse exposure yields incubation coefficients of S775 = 0.72 ± 0.01 and S387 = 0.85 ± 0.02. This significant reduction in NUV incubation is consistent with a much higher level of electron excitation to the conduction band. Consequently, ablation of PEEK with NUV fs pulses is superior, exhibiting much reduced melting and re-deposition. Precision NUV polymer surface micro-structuring is accomplished while laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with pitch Λ ∼ 0.4 μm are observed at the base of ablated regions, aligned parallel to the incident polarisation. The ease of NUV LIPSS generation allowed surface patterning of large scanned areas which exhibit white light diffraction due to this sub-micron periodic surface modulation.
Resource theories of communication
Authors: Kristjánsson Hlér , Chiribella Giulio , Salek Sina , Ebler Daniel , Wilson Matthew
Published: April 2020

A series of recent works has shown that placing communication channels in a coherent superposition of alternative configurations can boost their ability to transmit information. Instances of this phenomenon are the advantages arising from the use of communication devices in a superposition of alternative causal orders, and those arising from the transmission of information along a superposition of alternative trajectories. The relation among these advantages has been the subject of recent debate, with some authors claiming that the advantages of the superposition of orders could be reproduced, and even surpassed, by other forms of superpositions. To shed light on this debate, we develop a general framework of resource theories of communication. In this framework, the resources are communication devices, and the allowed operations are (a) the placement of communication devices between the communicating parties, and (b) the connection of communication devices with local devices in the parties’ laboratories. The allowed operations are required to satisfy the minimal condition that they do not enable communication independently of the devices representing the initial resources. The resource-theoretic analysis reveals that the aforementioned criticisms on the superposition of causal orders were based on an uneven comparison between different types of quantum superpositions, exhibiting different operational features.
Quantum vs classical dynamics in a spin-boson system: manifestations of spectral correlations and scarring
Authors: Villaseñor D , Pilatowsky-Cameo S , Bastarrachea-Magnani M A , Lerma-Hernández S , Santos L F , Hirsch J G
Published: April 2020

We compare the entire classical and quantum evolutions of the Dicke model in its regular and chaotic domains. This is a paradigmatic interacting spin-boson model of great experimental interest. By studying the classical and quantum survival probabilities of initial coherent states, we identify features of the long-time dynamics that are purely quantum and discuss their impact on the equilibration times. We show that the ratio between the quantum and classical asymptotic values of the survival probability serves as a metric to determine the proximity to a separatrix in the regular regime and to distinguish between two manifestations of quantum chaos: scarring and ergodicity. In the case of maximal quantum ergodicity, our results are analytical and show that quantum equilibration takes longer than classical equilibration.
Long-term trend of regional passenger road transport demand and emission estimation under exhaust emission regulation scenario in Thailand
Authors: Cheewaphongphan Penwadee , Hanaoka Tatsuya , Chatani Satoru
Published: April 2020

Economic development, transport demand, and air pollution are interrelated. The heterogeneity of economic development among regions and the freezing of exhaust emission regulations for approximately a decade in Thailand were the motivations for this study. Herein we provide a comprehensive analysis of vehicle exhaust emission projections for up to 2050 with specific regional breakdown for passenger transport mode and volume; we also provide region-wise and mode-wise outcomes to help understand the effects of enhancing exhaust emissions regulation for future air pollutant emissions. The results from this study reveal the limitations of current regulations and establish the need to enhance regulations within this decade to cope with air pollution for the long-term growth of regional economic development.
Sharp uncertainty principles on general Finsler manifolds
Authors: Huang Libing , Kristály Alexandru , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2020

The paper is devoted to sharp uncertainty principles (Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg, and Hardy inequalities) on forward complete Finsler manifolds endowed with an arbitrary measure. Under mild assumptions, the existence of extremals corresponding to the sharp constants in the Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities fullycharacterizesthe nature of the Finsler manifold in terms of three non- Riemannian quantities, namely, itsreversibilityand the vanishing of theflag curvatureandSS-curvatureinduced by the measure, respectively. It turns out in particular that the Busemann-Hausdorff measure is the optimal one in the study of sharp uncertainty principles on Finsler manifolds. The optimality of our results are supported by Randers-type Finslerian examples originating from the Zermelo navigation problem.
The Association of Prenatal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Becerra-Culqui Tracy A , Getahun Darios , Chiu Vicki , Sy Lina S , Tseng Hung Fu
Published: April 2020

As prenatal vaccinations become more prevalent, it is important to assess potential safety events. In a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (Pasadena, California) mother-child pairs with birth dates during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2014, we investigated the association between prenatal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Information on Tdap vaccination during pregnancy was obtained from electronic medical records. ADHD was defined by International Classification of Diseases codes (Ninth or Tenth Revision) and dispensed ADHD medication after age 3 years. Children were followed to the date of their first ADHD diagnosis, the end of Kaiser Permanente membership, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2018). In Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between maternal Tdap vaccination and ADHD, with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) used to adjust for confounding. Of 128,756 eligible mother-child pairs, 85,607 were included in the final sample. The ADHD incidence rate was 3.41 per 1,000 person-years in the Tdap-vaccinated women and 3.93 per 1,000 person-years in the unvaccinated (hazard ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.16). The IPTW-adjusted analyses showed no association between prenatal Tdap vaccination and ADHD in offspring (hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.14). In this study, prenatal Tdap vaccination was not associated with ADHD risk in offspring, supporting recommendations to vaccinate pregnant women.