bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Alabdaly Hani Mohammed , H. Alramadhan Shahd Ali , F. Almutairi Abdulrahman Jaser , H Alotaibi Tariq Hamad , A. Ammar Ahmed Abdulrahman , Albahli Hind Khalid , O. AL-Mutairi Nouf Zayed , Nawaf Alrashidi Samirah , O. Alotaibi Turki Fahad , Alshammari Shumukh Fahad Ayesh , M. Alahmari Abdullah Saad , K. Alkhudhairi Khaled Ali
Published: November 2021

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain disease characterized by the presence of allodynia, hyperalgesia, sudomotor and vasomotor abnormalities, and trophic alterations. CRPS can be caused by a variety of degrees or types of tissue damage, but it has also been reported in the absence of injury or after lengthy periods of immobility. A fracture is the most prevalent injury linked to the development of CRPS. CRPS is thought to be caused by a complex process involving both the peripheral and central nerve systems, according to a recent acceptance. Patients with CRPS are said to have all of the symptoms of inflammation, including heat, discomfort, redness, and swelling. CRPS symptoms have been greatly reduced by corticosteroids in several clinical studies. The diagnosis of CRPS is mostly dependent on a patient's medical history and clinical examination, which includes a variety of tests that can help rule out other diseases. Given the syndrome's complexity, it's doubtful that focusing on a single mechanism will be successful. Combination therapy, like with other chronic conditions, may be the future of CRPS treatment. In this review we will be looking at disease definition, pathophysiology, and treatment.
Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Operated Case of Patellar Fracture and Medial Malleolus Fracture- A Case Report
Authors: Bhagwatkar Sawari , Phansopkar Pratik , Chitale Neha
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are responsible for a considerable amount of global death and morbidity, particularly in developing nations. 'Hidden pandemics,' such as mortality from RTA, often go unnoticed over the world.(1) These days traffic road accidents lead to many fractures included patellar fracture. Patellar fractures account for about 1% of all skeletal fractures and are most common in people between the ages of 20 and 50. 1–3 Men have nearly twice as many cases as women.

Clinical Findings: On physical examination respiratory system, cardiovascular system and central nervous system are normal and on local examination of left lower limb demonstrate attitude of limb in hip and knee in extension and foot in external rotation and multiple abrasions are present over the knee and there were abrasion of 10*2cm present over medial aspect of great toe and abrasion of 5*2cm present over the postero-medial aspect of distal 3rd leg, lacerated wound on medial malleolus.In this case patient was on 8 week protocol for physiotherapy management.

Discussion: In this case report we are discussing a case of 36 year old male with fracture of patella and medial malleolus managed with tension band wiring and nailing respectively. The primary goal of physiotherapy management was to prevent secondary complications and make the patient independent for which rehabilitation protocol was planned which included isometric exercises, dynamic quadriceps bed mobility exercises and ambulation.

Conclusion: Physiotherapy plays an important role in rehabilitation of patient with medial malleolus and patella fracture.
Clinical and Radio Graphical Evaluation of Implants Placed in Ridge Preserved Sites versus Naturally Healed Sites
Authors: Vyas Shruti Dipakkumar , Batra Divya , Hayer Deepinder
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Dental implant has proved to be a pioneer in prosthetic rehabilitation overcoming the disadvantage of a removable or a fixed partial denture. The aim of the study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate and compare changes of hard and soft tissues around the implants which will be placed in ridge preserved sites with implant placed in naturally healed extraction sites.

Materials and Methods: In this study 10 Patients having tooth with hopeless prognosis requiring tooth extraction followed by implant placement were enrolled. These patients were randomly divided in to two groups. Group I: Socket preservation with demineralized bone matrix putty group. Group II: Naturally healed socket after extraction, followed by implant placement in both groups.

Results: The results of the current study indicated that demineralisedbone matrix putty, when used in patients for dental augmentation in either mandibular or maxillary sites, resulted in replacement of the graft material with bone by as early as 4-6 months, there upon enabling implant placement and subsequent prosthetic reconstruction.

Conclusion: Bucco lingual ridge width and width of keratinized gingiva can be preserved by ridge preservation after extraction. Short-term survival rates and clinical outcomes of both groups were similar and were comparable. Further clinical trials with longer duration follow up with larger sample size should be done to get more affirmative and conclusive results.
Public Awareness of the Need to Call the Emergency Medical Services Following the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Associated Factors in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: I. Altherwi Tawfeeq , Alhazmi Luai , A. Ahmadi Abdulsamad Yahya , M. Othathi Faisal Ali , M. Othathi Abdulaziz Ali , M. Awaji Ahmed Hussein , Y. Dabsh Mohammed Ibrahim , Ahmed H. Batt Nasser , R. Alshafey Mohammed Aboubaker , M. Alkaeeal Abdulghani Ahmed , O. Shami Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction is usually a complication of an ongoing atherosclerotic pathophysiological process inside the distribution of the coronary arterial supply. For many years, acute myocardial infarction has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One of the major complications of acute myocardial infarction is the event of “cardiac arrest”. However, with an early approach to emergency medical services and early seeking of healthcare, the potential mortality chance can be reduced. Despite the significance of the situation and its vulnerability, delays in approaching emergency medical services exist due to variable influences. This study had investigated the reasons behind the delays and the awareness of the general public on acute myocardial infarction and its associated symptoms.
Methods:  This study is a cross-sectional type of research that was conducted in October 2021 through November 2021 period that invited 427 participants through social media platforms.
Results: The online questionnaire was distributed and administered by 427 subjects. The mean age of the participants was (27.62 years, SD=11.692) with a minimum age of 18 years and a maximum age of 89 years. The majority of the study participants were females (n=237, 55.5%), of those who called during the daytime, 97.4% of them have mentioned that they would call the EMS directly but when investigated about the time to wait before calling EMS, 55.3% of the participants who chose to call during the daytime would call in less than an hour.
Conclusion: For initiating public campaigns and providing the public with the consequences of an ignored myocardial infarction and the potential mortality that could be associated with delaying the emergency medicine services approach.
The Ni Catalyst Supported on the FSP-made Transition Metal (Co, Mn, Cu or Zn) Doped La2O3 Material for the Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Aunmunkong Phakampai , Chaisuk Choowong
Published: November 2021

The transition metal (Co, Mn, Cu or Zn) doped La2O3 material was prepared by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique. The 2 wt.% Ni catalyst supported on this material was characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TPR, H2 chemisorption and TGA, and evaluated by the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The perovskite structure was certainly formed when either Co or Mn was introduced. The Cu can generate the La2CuO4 spinel phase while the Zn showed a mixed phase of La2O3, ZnO and La(OH)3. The Ni/Co-La2O3 catalyst was more active for the DRM because of high amount of active dual sites of Ni and Co metals dispersed on the catalyst surface. The formation of La2O2CO3 during the reaction can inhibit the coke formation. The cooperation of La2O2CO3 and MnO phases in the Ni/Mn-La2O3 catalyst was promotional effect to decrease carbon deposits on the catalyst surface. The partial substitution of Co for Mn with a small content of Mn can enhance the catalytic activity and the product yield. The Ni/Mn0.05Co0.95-La2O3 catalyst showed the highest CH4 conversion, H2 yield and H2/CO ratio. The Mn inserted into the perovskite structure of LaCoO3 was an important player to change oxygen mobility within the crystal lattice to maintain a high performance of the catalyst. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
SOCIABILIDADE E MEMÓRIAS DA RIVALIDADE SOCIOESPORTIVA:
Authors: Tavares Frederico de Mello Brandão , Barboza Filipe , Bravin Adriana
Published: November 2021

Este artigo objetiva investigar a influência do esporte na configuração socioespacial da cidade de Mariana-MG através da rivalidade dos tradicionais clubes e Marianense Futebol Clube e Guarany Futebol Clube, partindo da ideia de que, por meio do futebol, é possível refletir sobre questões ligadas ao pertencimento, à vida social e às disputas de uma determinada sociedade. Tendo em vista as dinâmicas dos processos comunicativos e das interações sociais, este trabalho se debruça sobre entrevistas, sob o viés da história oral, realizadas com moradores do município que vivenciaram a força dessa rixa, com apogeu e declínio no século XX. As memórias revelam que a dicotomia entre Marianense e Guarany (pensada dentro dos eixos: espaços privados, espaços públicos e espaços desportivos): 1) movimentou geográfica e simbolicamente uma cidade estagnada pelo fim do ciclo do ouro e 2) desenvolveu, a partir dos clubes de futebol, novos hábitos, relações e aspectos civilizatórios, revelando também questões estruturais de ordem política, étnica e de classe.
COMENTÁRIOS DE LEITORES NA INTERNET E A AXIOLOGIA DO IDIOTA
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Alberto de , Martins Moisés Lemos
Published: November 2021

A partir de comentários de leitores sobre notícias publicadas em sítios noticiosos do Brasil e de Portugal relativas a crimes de proximidade contra mulheres, tentamos entender, a partir dos estudos acerca das relações de gênero, qual seria, afinal, a natureza do idiota que ganha a palavra, segundo a proposição de Umberto Eco, num sítio (a internet) que somente ele pode dar a tal figura o privilégio de ser lido. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, propomos pensar o idiota tendo como referência seus modos axiológicos próprios, o que requer, em primeiro lugar, entender tal categoria de pessoas. Na sequência, analisamos alguns comentários de leitores, expressos na internet, que nos parecem típicos do idiota.
NO PRINCÍPIO, ERA O VERBO:
Authors: Silva Marcel Vieira Barreto , Oliveira Larissa Nascimento Lopes de
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as chamadas bíblias de séries, documentos de apresentação do projeto de uma ficção televisiva para players do mercado potencialmente interessados em sua produção. Embora já sejam bastante utilizadas na indústria televisiva, há pouca referência bibliográfica sobre o tema em larga escala, restrita aos manuais de roteiro e de produção. Partindo, portanto, de uma metodologia comparativa-descritiva, vamos cotejar um conjunto de bíblias de séries disponíveis em sites especializados, para, assim, detectar os seus elementos estruturantes e propor um modelo esquemático de organização das informações, capaz de servir de referência prático-teórica no desenvolvimento de séries ficcionais.
TELENOVELA, MELODRAMA E O SOFRIMENTO POR DROGADIÇÃO
Authors: Lage Leandro Rodrigues , Almeida Mariana
Published: November 2021

Com o melodrama como uma de suas principais bases de construção, a telenovela atua como espaço privilegiado de problematizações sociais do país, com frequente exploração de sujeitos em sofrimento a partir de valores morais, do apelo realista e das possibilidades da linguagem televisiva. Nesse contexto, a drogadição, com suas consequências internas e externas aos adictos, tem sido tema frequente dessas tramas desde a década de 1980. Partindo desse contexto, propomos uma reflexão sobre a relação intrínseca que há entre telenovela, melodrama e sofrimento associado às experiências de drogadição. Acreditamos que essa tríade apresenta peculiaridades que permitem uma compreensão mais nuançada dessas narrativas e do sofrimento que comunicam e produzem sentidos, mostrando-se mais elaboradas, complexas e em sintonia com mudanças e/ou permanências sensíveis, sociais e morais ocorridas ao longo da história da teledramaturgia.
ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE RELIGIÃO E CULTURA POP EM CINCO PORTAIS VOLTADOS PARA O PÚBLICO “NERD” E “GEEK” RELIGIOSO
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sa
Published: November 2021

À primeira vista, a religião e cultura pop pertencem a espaços distantes da experiência humana, no entanto, nas últimas décadas, a religião tem se valido da mídia e do entretenimento para manter sua mensagem próxima de públicos mais amplos. Este artigo delineia a relação entre religião e cultura pop em cinco sites que unem mensagens religiosas e entretenimento, como filmes de ação, quadrinhos e séries de TV. A partir da análise da mensagem dos portais, foi possível encontrar três principais formas de articulação da cultura pop com o conteúdo denominacional: (1) o vínculo entre religião e entretenimento como definidor de uma identidade; (2) enquadrando personagens da cultura pop em um contexto religioso e (3) o emprego do entretenimento como ponto de partida para discutir questões morais e religiosas. Esses pontos são analisados a partir dos estudos de midiatização da religião.
Utilização do Cajueiro nas Ciências Médica, Veterinária e Higiene
Authors: Silva Toniclei Alexandre da , Barcellos Priscila Sousa , Nascimento Flavia Raquel Fernandes do , Guerra Rosane Nassar Meireles
Published: November 2021

Esta prospecção tecnológica visa fornecer ao pesquisador informações sobre as utilizações do cajueiro na classe de Ciências Médicas, Veterinárias e Higiene, oriundas de dados de documentos de patentes.
Cera de Carnaúba
Authors: Júnior José Ademar M. , Marques Lana Grasiela Alves
Published: November 2021

A finalidade deste trabalho é mostrar o potencial tecnológico a partir da análise do número de patentes depositadas da carnaubeira que é uma palmeira nativa dos Estados do Piauí, Ceará e, em menor extensão, nos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte e do Maranhão.
Miscibilidade de Glicerina em Petróleo
Authors: Matos Paulo César Correia de
Published: November 2021

Avaliar o desenvolvimento dos trabalhos de pesquisa e proteção a propriedade intelectual em relação a miscibilidade do petróleo com a glicerina ao longo dos tempos.
Aplicações Medicinais do Alho
Authors: Martins Valdinei Sales
Published: November 2021

Aplicações medicinais do alho, destacando as áreas de maior aplicação e produção de patentes.
Obtenção de Hidrogênio a partir do Ácido Sulfídrico
Authors: Lima Marco Aurélio Oliveira
Published: November 2021

Obtenção de hidrogênio, que deverá se tornar um importante combustível para gerar energia elétrica e movimentar veículos, substituindo, aos poucos, o diesel e a gasolina.
Reservatório de Gás
Authors: Santos Roberto Barbosa dos
Published: November 2021

Estudar como se comportaram ao longo do tempo os depósitos de patentes e a proteção à propriedade intelectual na area de engenharia de petróleo e reservatório de gás.
DA PRAGMÁTICA DA ESPECIALIZAÇÃO FRAGMENTADA À PRAGMÁTICA DA LIOFILIZAÇÃO FLEXIBILIZADA: AS FORMAS DA EDUCAÇÃO NO MODO DE PRODUÇÃO CAPITALISTA
Authors: Antunes Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Nossa apresentação procura tratar o tema proposto - Modo de produção e educação – esboçando uma primeira sistematização acerca desta problemática sob a forma de três notas. A primeira nota indica alguns elementos para uma compreensão ampla do conceito de modo de produção em Marx. A segunda nota sugere algumas diferenciações presentes nas diferentes formas da alienação e do estranhamento vigentes no século XX e a terceira nota esboça alguns modos distintos da educação para o capital sob o capitalismo, que denominamos como pragmática da especialização, na variante taylorista-fordista e pragmática da liofilização flexibilizada, na era do toyotismo e da acumulação flexível. Conclui com um excerto breve introduzindo algumas pistas para se pensar a educação para além dos constrangimentos do capital.
MODO DE PRODUÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Dias Edmundo Fernandes
Published: November 2021

Este texto trata das reflexões feitas pelo marxismo acerca da questão da educação na sua relação com o trabalho. Inicia-se situando historicamente o pensamento do Marx e Engels sobre a unificação da educação com a produção material, colocando no centro do debate o conceito de omnilateralidade, compreendido a partir da elaboração feita em Princípios do Comunismo segundo a qual “com o fim da propriedade privada não haverá mais a necessidade de homens ligados a um único ramo da produção, mas que os homens novos possam fazer desabrochar todas as suas aptidões”, conjugação que, segundo eles, “permitiria elevar a classe trabalhadora acima das classes superiores e médias”. Situa a questão da separação entre o conhecimento puramente intelectual e o conhecimento efetivamente prático na obra de Daniel Lindemberg intitulada A Internacional Comunista e a escola de classes, e por fim, aponta as reflexões feitas por Antonio Gramsci. Deste marxista italiano destaca-se a unidade entre formação intelectual e a formação política como condição indispensável para a construção da subjetividade da classe trabalhadora.
OS INTELECTUAIS E O MÉTODO
Authors: Freitas Francisco Mauri de Carvalho
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo é uma despretensiosa contribuição à questão do método dialético, enquanto processo de investigação e ordenação lógica de uma determinada atividade, neste caso, a produção do conhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo é afirmar como tarefa da crítica reportar que na educação física os inimigos do marxismo ao produzirem pesquisas científicas e discursos apologéticos “desinteressados”, não engajados, reforçam o papel do Estado capitalista e justificam as perversas estruturas sobre as quais está edificada a cidade do capital. À guisa de conclusão, a crítica marxista é indispensável à desobstrução da retórica positivista ainda hegemônica na universidade pública brasileira que deveria ser espaço de deslegitimação da ordem burguesa e reconstrução do real que se revela como história e cujo conteúdo é o mundo criado pelo trabalho e pela luta do homem contra a natureza. Preferindo viver uma existência vazia de princípios, aceitar como inexorável o quotidiano criticado, mudando de lado diante de insignificantes abalos sociais, os intelectuais da ordem continuam vivendo na ilusão e na quimérica esperança sem ação de um mundo onde eles, iluminados, seriam os portadores da iluminação.
1848- UMA TEORIA CONJUNTURAL DA REVOLUÇÃO
Authors: Viparelli Irene
Published: November 2021

Este texto é a conferência, proferida por Irene Viparelli no Congresso Karl Marx ocorrido em Novembro de 2008 na Universidade Nova de Lisboa. A autora analisa a reelaboração teórica de Marx no calor dos acontecimentos históricos ocorridos entre 1848 e 1851, em especial a relação entre crise e revolução. Objetiva-se, com a publicação, afirmar o marxismo como teoria social e de conhecimento viva e atual, porque histórica. Sendo elaboração em pensamento da totalidade contraditória que a humanidade vive nas formações sociais do modo de existência, o marxismo contribui para o debate qualificado da atual crise do capitalismo e se constitue subsídio a práticas sociais que possibilitem a sua superação, o socialismo.
MODO DE PRODUÇÃO E A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA
Authors: Saviani Dermeval
Published: November 2021

Os editores da Revista Germinal não tiveram dúvidas ao escolher Dermeval Saviani como o primeiro entrevistado. As contribuições do autor, um clássico da História da Educação e da Pedagogia Marxista no Brasil, são essenciais para pensar a superação da pedagogia do capital e a produção da pedagogia comunista. Entre junho e agosto de 2008, deram-se os estudos sobre a obra do autor, a estruturação do roteiro que serviria de base às reflexões do mestre, e a produção das respostas. O roteiro enviado ao Prof. Saviani privilegiou questões que permitiram ao autor precisar (1) o caráter ontológico da categoria modo de produção na obra de Marx e Engels; (2) as contribuições deste constructo teórico ao modo como o historiador da educação e pedagogo vai conduzir suas pesquisas sobre a História da Educação na formação social brasileira e sobre a produção da pedagogia histórico-crítica; (3) a proposição da história, em uma perspectiva dialética, como eixo articulador de um currículo que atenda às exigências postas pela sociedade moderna à escola; (4) os nexos entre modo de produção, trabalho e educação, precisando sua posição ante o debate “educação tecnológica” e “educação politécnica”; (5) retomar a avaliação que vem fazendo sobre a história da política educacional brasileira e sua posição sobre a política que levaria à uma educação de qualidade; (6) as tarefas que considera centrais aos pedagogos marxistas; e (7) indicar um programa de historicização que deve ser seguido pelos professores, cabendo à educação formal institucionalizada levar a “elaboração superior da estrutura em superestrutura na consciência dos homens”. O resultado é um texto de síntese sobre a trajetória teórica do pesquisador, indispensável para recuperar os nexos da pedagogia histórico-crítica com o marxismo
KARL MARX, ‘‘PARA A CRÍTICA DA ECONOMIA POLÍTICA’’, PRIMEIRO FASCÍCULO, BERLIN, FRANZ DUNCKER, 1859
Authors: Engels Friedrich
Published: November 2021

Resenha da obra de Karl Marx elaborada por Friedrich Engels em agosto de 1859.
O DEBATE ECONÔMICO DOS ANOS 60 EM CUBA: UM MOMENTO DO PROCESSO REVOLUCIONÁRIO.
Authors: Barão Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2021

A presente tese analisa o período inicial do processo revolucionário em Cuba, adotando como marcos históricos a vitória de Revolução em primeiro de janeiro de 1959 e o final do debate econômico em 1965. É apresentada brevemente uma análise do processo histórico que desemboca na Revolução, destacando-se a herança revolucionária do país constituída pelas duas guerras de independência travadas em 1868-1878 e 1895-1898. É discutida a herança intelectual e moral de José Martí e seus conceitos de imperialismo e partido revolucionário. A república mediatizada, 1901-1959, é apresentada em seus principais traços, com destaque para a construção da opção revolucionária representada por Fidel Castro, opção posteriormente engrandecida pela adesão de Che Guevara. A Revolução é apresentada em suas características e tendências gerais, com destaque para o internacionalismo na África e na América Latina. É debatido o conceito teórico de alienação, apresentando-se um conjunto representativo de posições teóricas que discutem esse tema. O debate soviético dos anos 60, que levou às reformas de A. Kossiguin, é exposto em seus traços principais, com destaque para as concepções do professor Liberman. O debate soviético, contrariamente ao cubano, restringiu-se ao aspecto “econômico” e “técnico” relativos à necessidade de aumento da produção, mas suas consequências políticas e teóricas apareceram por meio de seu espelho tropical, o debate cubano, mais rico e profundo do que o soviético. O pensamento de Mariátegui é discutido como fonte de muitas das ideias presentes no debate econômico dos anos 60 em Cuba, sobretudo por meio das intervenções de Che e, além disso, como elemento de reflexão sobre o alcance teórico e histórico do debate. A tese central reside em que o sucesso e a permanência da Revolução Cubana durante o período estudado foram determinados pela profunda valorização realizada pela direção revolucionária do elemento subjetivo e das tradições da luta de libertação do país, valorização essa complementada e possibilitada concretamente pelo processo material de construção do socialismo no país, no qual o debate econômico teve um papel de destaque. Vale dizer, o período abordado foi caracterizado como uma reforma intelectual e moral na qual se destacou a originalidade do processo nacional cubano e o processo econômico foi dirigido conscientemente como um processo social e não como um mecanismo naturalizado. As propostas de construção do socialismo presentes no debate consideraram o desenvolvimento econômico como uma base importante para a formação do homem novo, mas nunca como o principal objetivo do processo revolucionário.
Topic modeling of maintenance logs for linac failure modes and trends identification
Authors: Yun Hongguang , Carlone Marco , Liu Zheng
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Medical linear accelerators (linacs) can fail in a multitude of different manners due to complex structures. An unclear identification of failure modes occurring constantly is a major obstacle to maintenance arrangements, thereby may increasing downtime. This study aims to use natural language processing techniques to deal with the unformatted maintenance logs to identify the linac failure modes and trends over time.

Materials and methods

The data used in our study are unformatted narrative maintenance logs recording linac conditions and repair actions. The latent Dirichlet allocation‐based topic modeling method was used to identify topics and keywords regarding the failure modes. The temporal analysis method was applied to examine the variation of failure modes over 20 years.

Results

Based on the output of the topic modeling, 28 topics and keywords with frequency ranking were generated automatically. The latent failure modes in topics were identified and classified into six main subsystems of linacs. Furthermore, by using the temporal analysis method, the trends of all failure modes over 20 years were illustrated. Half of the topics demonstrated variations with three different patterns, namely periodic, increasing, and decreasing.

Conclusions

The results of our study validated the effectiveness of using the topic modeling method to automatically analyze narrative maintenance logs. With domain knowledge, failure modes of linacs can be identified and categorized quantitatively.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Model of AZ80–0.8wt%Y Considering the Compensation of Strain
Authors: Ni Tian‐Yi , Wang Jin‐Guo , Li Zhu‐Jin , Yan Rui-Fang
Published: November 2021

To evaluate the hot flow behavior of homogenized AZ80 magnesium alloy containing 0.8 wt% yttrium, isothermal hot compression tests are conducted among the different temperature ranges of 340–420 °C under the strain rates of 10−2–101 s−1 by using a Gleeble‐3800 thermo‐simulator. The flow stress variation of high temperature and strain rate on the microstructure is analyzed. In the constitutive equation for the AZ80‐0.8wt%Y, it is conducive to obtain the deformation activation energy and the change law of strain of the material constant through the relationship between peak stress, deformation temperature, and strain rate. The deformation activation energy is found to be about 119.03 kJ mol−1. Subsequently, the values of the correlation coefficient (R) and the average absolute relative error (AARE) are 0.9826 and 7.29%, respectively. Consequently, the results indicate that the strain‐dependent constitutive equation has a good agreement with the calculated and measured flow stresses in the elevated temperature range for the AZ80–0.8wt%Y.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Sn‐58Bi Solder Alloys with Different Cooling
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Shen Jun , Gong Mengqi , Li Hao , Luo Dengjun , Chen Qin , Su Dezhi
Published: November 2021

Herein, influences of air‐cooling, water‐cooling, and liquid nitrogen‐cooling (LN‐cooling) on microstructures and mechanical properties of Sn–58Bi alloy are studied. It is observed that nearly complete eutectic structures are obtained in air‐cooled Sn–58Bi alloy. Fine grains and many low‐angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) are obtained in water‐cooled Sn–58Bi alloy. The LN‐cooling method causes Bi atoms to form large, regular rectangular shapes, and there are many high‐angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) distributed inside the specimen. Impact tests are performed at room temperature. When the impact rate is 0.98 m s−1, the fracture energy of the water‐cooled Sn–58Bi alloy peaks to 71.5 mJ. The fracture of the LN‐cooled impact specimen has a large cleavage step due to the interaction of cleavage cracks and the HAGBs. These experimental results lay the relevant theoretical foundation for the practical application of Sn–58Bi solder alloys.
Nanomaterials‐Mediated Structural and Physiological Modulation of Blood Brain Barrier for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Ghouri Muhammad Daniyal , Saleem Jabran , Ren Jiayu , Liu Jiaming , Umer Arsalan , Cai Rong , Chen Chunying
Published: November 2021

Blood brain barrier (BBB) protects homeostasis and sensitive environment of brain from several toxic substances coming from the systemic circulation. This barrier along with those substances also prevents therapeutic chemicals to reach brain tissues for several brain diseases. BBB consists of a number of cell types and junctions that help maintain its intricate structure and physiology. To open BBB for therapeutic purposes, researchers are keen to explore the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic agents. Nanomaterials have unique physio‐chemical properties such as, increased surface area to mass ratio, superior adsorption capacity, and a wide variety of functionalization possibilities in contrast to bulk materials, making them sought‐after for research pertaining to brain delivery of therapeutic substances. Both organic and inorganic nanomaterials have been researched in this regard with numerous interesting functionalizations, and their toxicity and distribution profiles have been well assessed. Different pathways taken up by nanomaterials to cross BBB like adsorptive‐mediated transcytosis, inhibition of active efflux pumps, receptor‐mediated transport, and cell‐mediated endocytosis have also been investigated. This review summarizes the structural and physiological properties and the modulation techniques of BBB for delivery of adsorbed/functionalized nano delivery platforms and imaging nanomaterials across.
Depleted Sb2S3 Thin Film Photoconductive Detectors with Fast Response Speed and High Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Jia Yi , Deng Hui , Lin Xiao , Chen Shenzhong , Xia Yong , Wu Zhixu , Yu Jinling , Cheng Shuying , Lai Yunfeng
Published: November 2021

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) with high absorption coefficient reveals great potential for photodetectors (PDs) in various fields of military and national economy. A new type of depleted Sb2S3 thin film photoconductive detector by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) interlayer with the structure of Au/(glass/TiO2:)Sb2S3/Au is designed. Compared with normal Au/Sb2S3/Au devices, the depleted Sb2S3 PDs obtain a higher switching ratio of 90, greatly enhancing responsivity and specific detectivity. Owing to the electric field of the depletion region, the response time significantly decreases from 23.2 to 0.6 ms. In addition, the anisotropic Sb2S3 film with [120] dominated horizontal orientation is suitable for polarized light detection. The peak‐to‐valley ratio of the depleted Sb2S3 PD reaches 1.3 at polarized light. The results and methods of this study are expected to expand the application of PDs based on Sb2S3 films.
Lead‐free Double Perovskite Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 Quantum Dots for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Zehao , Yu Wenjin , He Yong , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin , Shi Jun‐jie , Guo Xuan , Wang Shufeng , Qu Bo
Published: November 2021

Perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent device performances and facile solution processing. However, the toxicity and intrinsic instability of lead‐based perovskites have limited their commercial development. Moreover, the provision of an efficient white emission from a single perovskite layer is challenging. Here, novel electrically excited white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 quantum dots (QDs) without any phosphor are fabricated for the first time. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to clarify the mechanism of absorption and recombination in Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 with Bi‐doping breaking the parity‐forbidden transition of the direct bandgap. Microzone optical and electronic characterizations reveal that the broadband emission of Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 QDs originates from self‐trapped excitons, and luminescent properties are unchanged after the film deposition. The QD‐WLED exhibits excellent Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage color coordinates, correlated color temperature and relatively high color rendering index of (0.32, 0.32), 6432 K, and 94.5, respectively. The maximum luminance of 158 cd m−2 is achieved by triphenylphosphine oxide passivation, and this lead‐free QD‐WLED exhibits a superior stability in ambient air with a long T50 ≈48.53 min. Therefore, lead‐free perovskite Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 QDs are promising candidates for use in WLEDs in the future.
Hypoxia adaptation in the cornea: Current animal models and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Pang Kunpeng , Lennikov Anton , Yang Menglu
Published: November 2021

The cornea is an avascular, transparent tissue that is essential for visual function. Any disturbance to the corneal transparency will result in a severe vision loss. Due to the avascular nature, the cornea acquires most of the oxygen supply directly or indirectly from the atmosphere. Corneal tissue hypoxia has been noticed to influence the structure and function of the cornea for decades. The etiology of hypoxia of the cornea is distinct from the rest of the body, mainly due to the separation of cornea from the atmosphere, such as prolonged contact lens wearing or closed eyes. Corneal hypoxia can also be found in corneal inflammation and injury when a higher oxygen requirement exceeds the oxygen supply. Systemic hypoxic state during lung diseases or high altitude also leads to corneal hypoxia when a second oxygen consumption route from aqueous humor gets blocked. Hypoxia affects the cornea in multiple aspects, including disturbance of the epithelium barrier function, corneal edema due to endothelial dysfunction and metabolism changes in the stroma, and thinning of corneal stroma. Cornea has also evolved mechanisms to adapt to the hypoxic state initiated by the activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). The aim of this review is to introduce the pathology of cornea under hypoxia and the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation, to discuss the current animal models used in this field, and future research directions.
Potentially inappropriate medications at discharge among elderly patients at a single tertiary emergency medical institution in Japan: a retrospective cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Aida Kenta , Azuma Kazunari , Mishima Shiro , Ishii Yuri , Suzuki Shoji , Oda Jun
Published: November 2021

Aim

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are associated with a lower medication adherence and a higher incidence of adverse events and medical costs among elderly patients. The current study aimed to examine the prescription status of elderly patients transported to tertiary emergency medical institutions to compare the proportion of elderly patients using PIMs at admission and discharge and to investigate the characteristics of PIMs at discharge and their associated factors.

Methods

In total, 264 patients aged 75 years or older who were transferred to and discharged from the emergency room at Tokyo Medical University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, from September 2018 to August 2019 were included in this study. We quantified the number of PIMs at admission and discharge based on the Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria version 2. The primary outcomes were the proportion of elderly patients taking at least one PIM at admission and discharge.

Results

The proportions of patients taking PIMs at admission and discharge were 55% (n = 175) and 28% (n = 74), respectively. Old age, greater number of PIMs at admission, and greater number of medications at discharge were directly associated with PIMs at discharge.

Conclusions

Admission to tertiary care hospitals resulted in a lower number of prescribed PIMs. Elderly patients with a higher number of PIMs at admission and higher number of medications at discharge might have been prescribed with PIMs.
Transformation Pathways in Colloidal CdTeSe Magic‐Size Clusters
Authors: Yang Yusha , Li Yang , Luan Chaoran , Rowell Nelson , Wang Shanling , Zhang Chunchun , Huang Wen , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Kui
Published: November 2021

A rarely studied transformation in colloidal ternary magic‐size clusters (MSCs) is addressed. We report the first observation of the transformation from ternary CdTeSe MSC‐399 to MSC‐422, which occurs at room temperature. These two MSC types display sharp optical absorption resonances at 399 and 422 nm, respectively, and are related in that they are quasi isomers, together with their counterpart precursor compounds (PCs). Binary CdTe and CdSe samples were prepared in the prenucleation stage also called the induction period (IP). After they were mixed and placed in a mixture of toluene and octylamine, the transformation was found to take place and to be assisted by the addition of the CdSe IP sample. A binary IP sample contains corresponding binary PCs and monomers (Mo) and fragments (Fr). We argue that the transformation pathway is enabled by the corresponding ternary PCs, involving the substitution reaction, namely CdTeSe PC‐399 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)‐1 ⇒ CdTeSe PC‐422 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)‐2. The present study provides an in‐depth understanding of the formation characteristics of the MSCs.
A {Ni12}‐Wheel‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Coordinative Binding of Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Han Zongsu , Li Jiangnan , Lu Wanpeng , Wang Kunyu , Chen Yinlin , Zhang Xiaoping , Lin Longfei , Han Xue , Teat Simon J. , Frogley Mark D. , Yang Sihai , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: November 2021

Air pollution by SO2 and NO2 has caused significant risks on the environment and human health. Understanding the mechanism of active sites within capture materials is of fundamental importance to the development of new clean‐up technologies. Here we report the crystallographic observation of reversible coordinative binding of SO2 and NO2 on open NiII sites in a metal‐organic framework (NKU‐100) incorporating unprecedented {Ni12}‐wheels; each wheel exhibits six open NiII sites on desolvation. Immobilised gas molecules are further stabilised by cooperative host‐guest interactions comprised of hydrogen bonds, π⋅⋅⋅π interactions and dipole interactions. At 298 K and 1.0 bar, NKU‐100 shows adsorption uptakes of 6.21 and 5.80 mmol g−1 for SO2 and NO2, respectively. Dynamic breakthrough experiments have confirmed the selective retention of SO2 and NO2 at low concentrations under dry conditions. This work will inspire the future design of efficient sorbents for the capture of SO2 and NO2.
Process and performance of palmitic acid @silica phase‐change microcapsules using chemical precipitation method
Authors: Tan Junhua , Zhu Kaijin , Ou Xin , Xu Penghui , Cheng Yuxuan
Published: November 2021

Using sodium metasilicate as the silicon source and coating palmitic acid (PA), a PA@SiO2 phase‐change microcapsule material (PCMM) was fabricated using a chemical precipitation method. The effects of varying the core–shell mass ratio, the concentration of hydrochloric acid, and the dropping rate of the silicon source on the microstructure and phase transformation behavior of microcapsules were studied. The composition, structure, and thermal properties of the microcapsules were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results show that PA and SiO2 combined physically and not chemically to produce new substances. When the core‐shell mass ratio of the material was 1:1, the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 0.8 mol/L, and the dropping rate of sodium silicate was controlled at 0.5 ml/min, the PA@SiO2 PCMM prepared under these conditions exhibited good dispersibility. The particle size was approximately 200 nm and showed good uniformity, and the encapsulation ratio (R) and energy storage efficiency (E) both exceeded 80%, indicating that PA was encapsulated by silica to form a phase‐change microcapsule. Furthermore, the thermal stability and cycle durability improved.
Culture optimization to enhance carotenoid production of a selected purple nonsulfur bacterium and its activity against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease‐causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Torpee Salwa , Kantachote Duangporn , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Tantirungkij Manee
Published: November 2021

Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) were investigated for their carotenoid production and anti‐vibrio activity against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)‐causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To test carotenoid production, selected strains were cultivated in basic isolation medium (BIM), glutamate acetate medium, G5 medium and artificial acetic acid wastewater (AAW) medium. From 144 PNSB, Rhodopseudomonas palustris KTSSG46 was selected to produce carotenoids under microaerobic light conditions in BIM. When the culture medium was optimized, strain KTSSG46 grown in BIM modified with l‐glutamate at 1 g/L more effectively inhibited AHPND‐causing V. parahaemolyticus strains than standard BIM with 1 g/L (NH4)2SO4. BIM was further modified with 1.23 g/L MgSO4·7H2O and carotenoid production increased 40.22%. Carotenoid production at day 2 by strain KTSSG46 grown in BIM modified with l‐glutamate at 1 and 1.23 g/L MgSO4·7H2O was the same as production in BIM modified with monosodium glutamate (MSG). Culture supernatants from all BIM formulations showed similar activity against the resistant AHPND strain SR2. Based on high‐performance liquid chromatography, carotenoids of strain KTSSG46 might be canthaxanthin. Grown in BIM modified with MSG, strain KTSSG46 could produce inexpensive carotenoids and release anti‐vibrio compounds that, applied as shrimp feed additive, would prevent AHPND strains.
Minichromosome maintenance proteins in eukaryotic chromosome segregation
Authors: Mehta Gunjan , Sanyal Kaustuv , Abhishek Suman , Rajakumara Eerappa , Ghosh Santanu K.
Published: November 2021

Minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins are well‐known for their functions in DNA replication. However, their roles in chromosome segregation are yet to be reviewed in detail. Following the discovery in 1984, a group of Mcm proteins, known as the ARS‐nonspecific group consisting of Mcm13, Mcm16‐19, and Mcm21‐22, were characterized as bonafide kinetochore proteins and were shown to play significant roles in the kinetochore assembly and high‐fidelity chromosome segregation. This review focuses on the structure, function, and evolution of this group of Mcm proteins. Our in silico analysis of the physical interactors of these proteins reveals that they share non‐overlapping functions despite being copurified in biochemically stable complexes. We have discussed the contrasting results reported in the literature and experimental strategies to address them. Taken together, this review focuses on the structure‐function of the ARS‐nonspecific Mcm proteins and their evolutionary flexibility to maintain genome stability in various organisms.
24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shen Liwei , Yang Xiaoli , Lu Wenmei , Chen Weijie , Ye Xiaofei , Wu Danhong
Published: November 2021

Objects

Abnormal blood pressure (BP) regulation is a feature of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The present study was to analyze the BP alterations by 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring in PD patients with different disease stages and subtypes.

Methods

32 consecutive patients PD patients and 43 control patients in our hospital from 2017 to 2020 were included. The circadian BP rhythm was divided into three types according to the 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring. Dipping was defined as an average systolic BP (SBP) reduction during night‐time of 10%–19%. Reverse dipping was defined as an average increase in night‐time SBP values. The differences of the circadian BP rhythm and BP variability (BPV) were analyzed between PD group and the control group, the early PD group and the advanced PD group, as well as the tremor‐dominant group and the nontremor‐dominant group.

Results

There was statistical difference in circadian BP rhythm between PD group and control group (p < .05). There were statistical differences in circadian BP rhythm between the early PD group and the advanced PD group (p < .05). The mean values of night‐time SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) in the advanced PD group were higher than those in the control group and the early PD group (p < .05). The DBP CV in the advanced PD group was higher than that in the control group and the early PD group (p < .05). There was no significant difference of circadian BP rhythm, mean BP, and BPV between the tremor‐dominant and the nontremor‐dominant PD group after matching the disease duration.

Conclusions

Reverse dipping was more common in PD patients in this study, especially in the advanced PD patients. 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring is an important method to evaluate the BP alterations in PD patients. Clinicians should be alert to reverse dipping in PD patients and intervene to prevent serious clinical events.
Multifunctional electrospun asymmetric wettable membrane containing black phosphorus/Rg1 for enhancing infected wound healing
Authors: Zhou Liming , Liu Nanbo , Feng Longbao , Zhao Mingyi , Wu Peng , Chai Yunfei , Liu Jian , Zhu Ping , Guo Rui
Published: November 2021

Bacterial infection is one of the most frequent complications in the burn and chronic wounds. Inspired by natural existing superhydrophobic surface structures, a novel asymmetric wettable membrane was prepared using the electrospinning technique for facilitating the bacteria‐infected wound healing. Herein, the prepared membrane consists of two layers: The hydrophobic outer layer was composed of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) and black phosphorus‐grafted chitosan (HACC‐BP), while the hydrophilic inner layer was composed by using a mixture of gelatin (Gel) with ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1). Biological studies in vitro showed BP@PLGA/Gel (BP@BM) membrane with excellent antibacterial activity could significantly inhibit the adhesion of bacteria, and Rg1 could facilitate the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compared to Aquacel Ag dressing, the result in vivo revealed that the Rg1/BP@BM could facilitate better wound healing by triggering phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (P‐PI3K/PI3K) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (P‐AKT/AKT) signaling pathways, upregulating Ki67, CD31, α‐SMA, and TGF‐β1, and downregulating TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, promoting M2 polarization (IL‐10, CD206, and Arg‐1) of macrophages, inhibiting M1 polarization (iNOS) of macrophages. These findings suggested that the asymmetric wettable membrane have the huge potential for wound healing.
Development of a Method for Anodic Degradation of Lignin for the Analysis of Paleo‐Vegetation Proxies in Speleothems
Authors: Homann Julia , Zirbes Michael , Arndt‐Engelbart Meiko , Scholz Denis , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: November 2021

Here we present an electrochemical method for the anodic oxidation and subsequent degradation of lignin in speleothems to utilize the resulting lignin oxidation products (LOPs) as paleo‐vegetation markers. LOPs were analyzed using an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The method presented here achieved comparable or even higher LOP concentrations than established CuO and CuSO4 oxidation methods. The method represents a new tool for the analysis and reconstruction of paleo‐vegetation and has the potential to be applied to other climate archives.