bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conjugacy classes, characters and products of elements
Authors: Guralnick Robert M. , Moretó Alexander
Published: February 2019

Recently, Baumslag and Wiegold proved that a finite group G is nilpotent if and only if for every of coprime order. Motivated by this result, we study the groups with the property that and those with the property that for every and every nontrivial of pairwise coprime order. We also consider several ways of weakening the hypothesis on x and y. While the result of Baumslag and Wiegold is completely elementary, some of our arguments here depend on (parts of) the classification of finite simple groups.
A preliminary biopsychosocial analysis of online information on causes of neck pain
Authors: Neelapala Y.V. Raghava , Raja Riya , Bhandary Aishwarya
Published: February 2019

Objective

The aim of the present study was to analyse the freely available online information on the causes of neck pain based on the biopsychosocial model of pain.

Methods

A preliminary biopsychosocial analysis tool was developed, after an extensive literature review of the pathoanatomical and psychosocial contributors for neck pain. The websites that commonly appeared after the search term “causes of neck pain” in the first two pages of the search engines (Google, Yahoo and Bing) were selected for the biopsychosocial analysis. In addition, the websites were reviewed for Health on Net (HON) certification.

Results

Ten websites were analysed, of which eight were identified to contain a predominant biomedical orientation, as they reported only the pathoanatomical causes of neck pain. The remaining two websites were determined to represent limited psychosocial information and described only two psychological contributors to the neck pain.

Conclusions

The online information on the causes of neck pain appears to contain limited biopsychosocial orientation. Further detailed analysis is essential to obtain firm conclusions on the content validity of online information on neck pain.
Integrate different generational needs for a strong adult learner experience
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2019

CLEVELAND — Working with adult learners comes with a particular challenge in that adult learners at your institution can, and will, cross generational lines. When recruiting adult learners, you might be speaking to members of several different generations — everyone from baby boomers to Generation X to millennials, all with different needs, expectations, and sources of motivation.
Enhancing fire and mechanical strengths of epoxy nanocomposites for metal/metal bonding of aircraft aluminum alloys
Authors: Swarna Vijay S. , Alarifi Ibrahim M. , Khan Waqar A. , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: February 2019

Epoxy adhesives have a wide range of applications in aerospace, automotive, marine, and construction industries. Epoxies reduce the weight of a structure by minimizing the use of fasteners. With the application of epoxy adhesive, a structure can achieve uniform stress distribution, structural integrity, durability, and cost‐effectiveness. A mechanical weakness of epoxy adhesives is their lack of thermal stability and failure at post‐curing‐cycle temperatures. Fire retardancy can be improved by incorporating graphene nanomaterials as reinforcements in epoxy resins. These graphene additions have the potential to improve the epoxy's thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. The thermal characterization of the epoxy nanocomposites was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Surface morphology analysis was carried out for epoxy nanocomposites by using scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that fire retardancy was significantly improved with the additions of 3 wt% and 5 wt% graphene nanomaterial inclusions when compared with pristine epoxy. The DSC results, when compared to 0.5 wt% and 5 wt% graphene inclusions showed the glass transition temperatures were increased by about 6.2%. The TGA results showed a decrease in the mass reduction by 6.2%, due to the inclusion of graphene nanomaterials. The lap shear strength when tested under tensile tests were enhanced about 27%, compared to pristine epoxy. Overall, graphene nanomaterial inclusions improved both mechanical and thermal properties while increasing the thermal stability of the epoxy when compared to pristine epoxy and other polymeric adhesives. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3691–3702, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Aging of packaging films in the marine environment
Authors: Niaounakis Michael , Kontou Evagelia , Pispas Stergios , Kafetzi Martha , Giaouzi Despoina
Published: February 2019

The present article examines the aging behavior in the marine environment of some representative flexible plastic packaging films including supermarket plastic bags made of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, polyamide–polyethylene (PAPE) films and films made of a material under the commercial name Mater‐Bi®. The effect of aging was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tension including creep‐recovery tests. The polyethylene films were not hydrolytically degraded during aging in seawater, and the polyethylene chains did not undergo any substantial chain scission. The PET films after exposure for 8 months in seawater did not suffer any substantial degradation, and the PET chains were plasticized by the absorbed water. After prolonged exposure to seawater (12 months), the PET films started to degrade. The PAPE film underwent extensive chemical and structural changes during aging in seawater as result of plasticization and hydrolysis of the polyamide (PA) component in combination with an eventual loosening of the tie layer. Mater‐Bi® film underwent a severe deterioration during aging in seawater due to the hydrolysis of the starch and polycaprolactone components. All films exhibited a marked degradation of their tensile properties after exposure to accelerating aging conditions under UV radiation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E432–E441, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Individual Differences in Habitual Social Goals and Daily Well–Being: The Role of Age and Relationship Closeness
Authors: Nikitin Jana , Freund Alexandra M.
Published: February 2019

There is a robust evidence that social approach goals (i.e. approach of positive social outcomes) have positive consequences and social avoidance goals (i.e. avoidance of negative social outcomes) have negative consequences for subjective well–being in young adulthood. Little is known about individual differences in social goals in later life. The current diary study with young ( n = 212), middle–aged ( n = 232), and older adults ( n = 229) tested––and supported––the hypotheses that age (i) differentially predicts the strength of habitual approach and avoidance goals in close and peripheral relationships and (ii) moderates the relation of approach and avoidance goals in peripheral (but not close) relationships and daily outcomes (subjective well–being, subjective health, and satisfaction with social encounters). Older adults compared to younger adults reported higher levels of avoidance goals in peripheral (but not close) relationships. Younger adults who reported high levels of approach goals and older adults who reported high levels of avoidance goals in peripheral relationships experienced the most positive daily outcomes. In addition, social goals moderated some of the associations between (positive and negative) daily interactions and daily outcomes. Results underscore the importance of the closeness of social partners for individual differences in social goals across adulthood. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology
The Oxidation and Combustion Properties of Gas Atomized Aluminum−Boron−Europium Alloy Powders
Authors: Wang Wei , Zou Hui , Cai Shuizhou
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the Aluminum−boron−europium ternary alloy fuels with boron content of 1.5∼4.85 wt. % and europium content of 3 wt. % were prepared by the close‐coupled gas atomization. XRD, SEM, TG‐DTA and oxygen bomb test were used to analyze the phase constituents, morphology, thermal oxidation behavior and combustion exothermic property of powders, respectively. The functions of boron and europium on the combustion of metal fuels were studied, and a reasonable oxidation model of the alloy particles was proposed. The results show that there are Al, AlB2, Al4Eu and B6Eu in the alloy. When the europium content is constant, the combustion enthalpy of the Al−B−Eu alloy powder firstly increases and then decreases as the boron content increases. Additionally, at oxygen pressure of 3.0 MPa, the Al−3.5B−3Eu ternary alloy powder burned completely with the maximum combustion enthalpy of 33324.5 J g−1. This increases by 11 % compared with theoretical combustion enthalpy of aluminum powder (31.1 kJ g−1). Al−3.5B−3Eu undergoes a dramatic oxidation exothermal phenomenon at 1110 °C with the weight increase efficiency of 53.66 %, which is 1.7 times that of aluminum. Due to the synergistic effects between the phase of B6Eu and AlB2 inside the alloy particles, the Al−3.5B−3Eu alloy powder shows excellent exothermic performance.
Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of MoO3/CuSe Interfaces
Authors: Alharbi Seham Reef , Qasrawi Atef Fayez
Published: February 2019

In this article, the authors discuss the growth nature, the structural, optical and dielectric properties of CuSe thin films deposited onto MoO3 substrate. The films are studied by the X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and ultraviolet‐visible light spectroscopy techniques. CuSe thin films are observed to exhibit strained nature of growth when grown onto MoO3 amorphous substrates. Optically, the MoO3/CuSe films are found to exhibit conduction () and valence () band offsets of values of 3.70 and 3.42 eV, respectively. In addition, a remarkable increase in the absorbability () of MoO3 by 72 times at 3.0 eV is obtained as a result of coating it with CuSe. The , , and values are significantly high and nominate the MoO3/CuSe interfaces for use in many optoelectronic applications. In addition, the dielectric analysis shows that the MoO3/CuSe heterojunction exhibit optical conductivity parameters that make it suitable for use in optical communications. Particularly, the Drude‐Lorentz modeling of the imaginary part of the dielectric constant for the MoO3/CuSe interfaces displays mobility and plasmon frequency values of 7.76 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 3.78 GHz, respectively. The obtained plasmon frequency values indicate the applicability of this device in microwave technology.
Thermal Expansion Studies on the Spin‐Liquid‐Candidate System κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Ag2(CN)3
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Gati Elena , Yoshida Yukihiro , Saito Gunzi , Lang Michael
Published: February 2019

This paper presents results of the thermal expansion coefficient of the newly‐synthesized spin‐liquid‐candidate system κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Ag2(CN)3. The main finding includes pronounced broad extrema in the electronic contribution to the thermal expansion at T ≈ 18 K along all three crystallographic directions which is assigned to the effect of strong electronic correlations. The observed anomalies are qualitatively consistent with recent theoretical results based on the Hubbard model on a triangular lattice (J. Kokalj and R. H. McKenzie, Phys. Rev. B 91, 205121 (2015)). The directional anisotropy of the anomalies implies a ratio of the hopping integrals t′/t < 1, where t′ is directed along the b axis. Furthermore, not any indications for a phase transition are found down to low temperatures (T ≥ 1.5 K). This observation is in marked contrast to the behavior revealed for the related spin‐liquid‐candidate system κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 where a mysterious, still unexplained anomaly shows up at 6 K.
g‐Factor Anisotropy Inversion in InGaAs 2D Nanostructures
Authors: Leon Padilla Jhon Elber , Toloza Sandoval Marcelo Alejandro , Ferreira da Silva Antonio , de Andrada e Silva Erasmo Assumpção , La Rocca Giuseppe Carlo
Published: February 2019

The inversion or sign change of the electron g‐factor anisotropy in thin‐layer semiconductor nanostructures is investigated theoretically and gauged for InGaAs asymmetric single and double quantum wells (QWs). The g‐factor anisotropy in these 2D nanostructures is given by the difference between the longitudinal and transverse components; it is a fine sensor of the confining potential and in InGaAs structures it is determined by the Rashba spin–orbit coupling. In the presence of structure inversion asymmetry (SIA) the g‐factor anisotropy is expected to invert at a critical well width. This effect can be useful technologically and is here analyzed in detail with InGaAs/InP asymmetric multi‐layer structures. The g‐factor anisotropy in these structures is calculated in a fine grid around the inversion point, using 8‐band kp Kane model based envelope function theory for the nanostructure, and perturbation theory for the calculation of the effective g factor. It is shown that the anisotropy inversion can be seen only in asymmetric structures with very thin layers, near the limit of no bound states allowed, and corresponding to the electron being pushed out of the confining region. The inversion point, or critical well width for the g‐factor anisotropy inversion in Insulator/InGaAs/InP QWs is determined to be ≈4 nm. For double or coupled QWs it is found that the inversion can be observed only with very thin tunneling barriers around 1 nm wide.
A Novel Preparation Method of Multi‐Layer Graphene with High‐Crystallinity Based on Liquid Exfoliation Method by Using Expandable Graphite
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Yuan , Guo Yan‐Pei , Yang Rong‐Jie , Huang Feng‐Lei , Li Jian‐Min
Published: February 2019

The low‐cost commercial expandable graphite (EG) is adopted as raw materials to fabricate graphene based on liquid exfoliation method. Volume‐restricted expansion in this work is proposed to acquire good carbon precursor for further exfoliation. Morphology analysis results demonstrate that the multi‐layer graphene (MLG) is obtained from exfoliating the volume‐restricted expanded graphite (EdG). Raman spectrum and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that the obtained graphene is in high‐crystallinity and contains few defects. XPS and FTIR analysis show that the as‐prepared graphene contains seldom oxygen‐containing groups and the TGA demonstrate the outstanding thermal stability of the as‐prepared graphene.
A homogeneity property of discrete‐time systems: Stability and convergence rates
Authors: Sanchez Tonametl , Efimov Denis , Polyakov Andrey , Moreno Jaime A. , Perruquetti Wilfrid
Published: February 2019

A new definition of homogeneity for discrete‐time systems is introduced. As in the continuous‐time case, the property can be verified algebraically in the transition map of the system, and it implies that a dilation of the initial conditions leads to a scaling of the trajectory. Stability properties and convergence rates of the system's solutions can be established by considering only the homogeneity degree. The existence of homogeneous Lyapunov and Lyapunov‐like functions is proven.
Engagement in science through citizen science: Moving beyond data collection
Authors: Phillips Tina B. , Ballard Heidi L. , Lewenstein Bruce V. , Bonney Rick
Published: February 2019

To date, most studies of citizen science engagement focus on quantifiable measures related to the contribution of data or other output measures. Few studies have attempted to qualitatively characterize citizen science engagement across multiple projects and from the perspective of the participants. Building on pertinent literature and sociocultural learning theories, this study operationalizes engagement in citizen science through an analysis of interviews of 72 participants from six different environmentally based projects. We document engagement in citizen science through an examination of cognitive, affective, social, behavioral, and motivational dimensions. We assert that engagement in citizen science is enhanced by acknowledging these multiple dimensions and creating opportunities for volunteers to find personal relevance in their work with scientists. A Dimensions of Engagement framework is presented that can facilitate the innovation of new questions and methodologies for studying engagement in citizen science and other forms of informal science education.
Black ceramic coatings prepared in phosphate‐based electrolyte containing Fe3+ complexes on ZK61M Mg alloy by micro‐arc oxidation
Authors: Song Zekai , Wang Xudong , Li Rongbo , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2019

Black micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were fabricated on ZK61M Mg alloy in alkaline electrolyte containing sodium phosphate, ferric citrate, and potassium glucose. The formation process of Fe3+ complexes in the electrolyte and the phase composition and coloration mechanisms of the MAO coatings were investigated. The results showed that Fe3+ complexes move to the anode and are liable to thermal decomposition continuously in the location of spark discharges, resulting in the formation of iron oxide and magnetite incorporated in the black ceramic coatings.
Recent Advances in the Development of Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts at Mild pH
Authors: Li Peipei , Zhao Runbo , Chen Hongyu , Wang Huanbo , Wei Peipei , Huang Hong , Liu Qian , Li Tingshuai , Shi Xifeng , Zhang Youyu , Liu Meiling , Sun Xuping
Published: February 2019

Developing anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with high catalytic activities is of great importance for effective water splitting. Compared with the water‐oxidation electrocatalysts that are commonly utilized in alkaline conditions, the ones operating efficiently under neutral or near neutral conditions are more environmentally friendly with less corrosion issues. This review starts with a brief introduction of OER, the importance of OER in mild‐pH media, as well as the fundamentals and performance parameters of OER electrocatalysts. Then, recent progress of the rational design of electrocatalysts for OER in mild‐pH conditions is discussed. The chemical structures or components, synthetic approaches, and catalytic performances of the OER catalysts will be reviewed. Some interesting insights into the catalytic mechanism are also included and discussed. It concludes with a brief outlook on the possible remaining challenges and future trends of neutral or near‐neutral OER electrocatalysts. It hopefully provides the readers with a distinct perspective of the history, present, and future of OER electrocatalysts at mild conditions.
Energy‐Converting Nanomedicine
Authors: Xiang Huijing , Chen Yu
Published: February 2019

Serious side effects to surrounding normal tissues and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy hamper the further clinic applications of conventional cancer‐therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy and surgery. The fast development of nanotechnology provides unprecedented superiorities for cancer therapeutics. Externally activatable therapeutic modalities mediated by nanomaterials, relying on highly effective energy transformation to release therapeutic elements/effects (cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, thermal effect, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, cavitation effect, mechanical effect or chemotherapeutic drug) for cancer therapies, categorized and termed as “energy‐converting nanomedicine,” have arouse considerable concern due to their noninvasiveness, desirable tissue‐penetration depth, and accurate modulation of therapeutic dose. This review summarizes the recent advances in the engineering of intelligent functional nanotherapeutics for energy‐converting nanomedicine, including photo‐based, radiation‐based, ultrasound‐based, magnetic field‐based, microwave‐based, electric field‐based, and radiofrequency‐based nanomedicines, which are enabled by external stimuli (light, radiation, ultrasound, magnetic field, microwave, electric field, and radiofrequency). Furthermore, biosafety issues of energy‐converting nanomedicine related to future clinical translation are also addressed. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of energy‐converting nanomedicine for future clinical translation are discussed.
Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: toward High‐Power Applications
Authors: Pu Xiangjun , Wang Huiming , Zhao Dong , Yang Hanxi , Ai Xinping , Cao Shunan , Chen Zhongxue , Cao Yuliang
Published: February 2019

The increasing demands for renewable energy to substitute traditional fossil fuels and related large‐scale energy storage systems (EES) drive developments in battery technology and applications today. The lithium‐ion battery (LIB), the trendsetter of rechargeable batteries, has dominated the market for portable electronics and electric vehicles and is seeking a participant opportunity in the grid‐scale battery market. However, there has been a growing concern regarding the cost and resource availability of lithium. The sodium‐ion battery (SIB) is regarded as an ideal battery choice for grid‐scale EES owing to its similar electrochemistry to the LIB and the crust abundance of Na resources. Because of the participation in frequency regulation, high pulse‐power capability is essential for the implanted SIBs in EES. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the exploration of high‐power cathode and anode materials for SIB is presented, and deep understanding of the inherent host structure, sodium storage mechanism, Na+ diffusion kinetics, together with promising strategies to promote the rate performance is provided. This work may shed light on the classification and screening of alternative high rate electrode materials and provide guidance for the design and application of high power SIBs in the future.
Scalable Production of Nanographene and Doping via Nondestructive Covalent Functionalization
Authors: Guday Guy , Donskyi Ievgen S. , Gholami Mohammad Fardin , Algara‐Siller Gerardo , Witte Felix , Lippitz Andreas , Unger Wolfgang E. S. , Paulus Beate , Rabe Jürgen P. , Adeli Mohsen , Haag Rainer
Published: February 2019

A new method for top‐down, one‐pot, gram‐scale production of high quality nanographene by incubating graphite in a dilute sodium hypochlorite solution at only 40 °C is reported here. The produced sheets have only 4 at% oxygen content, comparable with nanographene grown by chemical vapor deposition. The nanographene sheets are covalently functionalized using a nondestructive nitrene [2+1] cycloaddition reaction that preserves their π‐conjugated system. Statistical analyses of Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate a low number of sp3 carbon atoms on the order of 2% before and 4% after covalent functionalization. The nanographene sheets are significantly more conductive than conventionally prepared nanographene oxide, and conductivity further increases after covalent functionalization. The observed doping effects and theoretical studies suggest sp2 hybridization for the carbon atoms involved in the [2+1] cycloaddition reaction leading to preservation of the π‐conjugated system and enhancing conductivity via n‐type doping through the bridging N‐atom. These methods are easily scalable, which opens the door to a mild and efficient process to produce high quality nanographenes and covalently functionalize them while retaining or improving their physicochemical properties.
Machine learning in cybersecurity: A review
Authors: Handa Anand , Sharma Ashu , Shukla Sandeep K.
Published: February 2019

Machine learning technology has become mainstream in a large number of domains, and cybersecurity applications of machine learning techniques are plenty. Examples include malware analysis, especially for zero‐day malware detection, threat analysis, anomaly based intrusion detection of prevalent attacks on critical infrastructures, and many others. Due to the ineffectiveness of signature‐based methods in detecting zero day attacks or even slight variants of known attacks, machine learning‐based detection is being used by researchers in many cybersecurity products. In this review, we discuss several areas of cybersecurity where machine learning is used as a tool. We also provide a few glimpses of adversarial attacks on machine learning algorithms to manipulate training and test data of classifiers, to render such tools ineffective.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Science and Technology

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Classification

Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Splicing and cancer: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Coltri Patricia P. , dos Santos Maria G.P. , da Silva Guilherme H.G.
Published: February 2019

Cancer arises from alterations in several metabolic processes affecting proliferation, growth, replication and death of cells. A fundamental challenge in the study of cancer biology is to uncover molecular mechanisms that lead to malignant cellular transformation. Recent genomic analyses revealed that many molecular alterations observed in cancers come from modifications in the splicing process, including mutations in pre‐mRNA regulatory sequences, mutations in spliceosome components, and altered ratio of specific splicing regulators. While alterations in splice site preferences might generate alternative isoforms enabling different biological functions, these might also be responsible for nonfunctional isoforms that can eventually cause dysregulation in cellular processes. Molecular characteristics of regulatory sequences and proteins might also be important prognostic tools revealing a cancer‐specific splicing pattern and linking splicing control to cancer development. The connection between cancer biology and splicing regulation is of primary importance to understand the mechanisms leading to disease and also to improve development of therapeutic approaches. Splicing modulation is being explored in new anti‐cancer therapies and further investigation of targeted splicing factors is critical for the success of these strategies.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms

RNA‐Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
New insights on an old problem: resummation of the D-parameter
Authors: Larkoski Andrew J. , Procita Aja
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The D-parameter is one of the oldest and most experimentally well-studied hadronic observables for e
+
e
− collisions. Nevertheless, unlike other classic observables like the C-parameter or thrust, the D-parameter has never been resummed throughout its entire singular phase space. Using insights and techniques motivated by modern multi-differential jet substructure calculations, we are able to predict the D-parameter distribution with no additional phase space cuts. Our approach is to measure both the C- and D-parameters on hadronic final states in e
+
e
− collisions. We can tune the value of the C-parameter with respect to the D-parameter to specify simple, physical configurations of final state particles in which to perform calculations. There are three parametric regions that exist: D ≪C
2 ∼1, D ≪C
2 ≪1, and D ∼C
2 ≪1, and we calculate the D-parameter in each region separately. In the first two of these three regions, we present all-orders factorization theorems and explicitly demonstrate resummation to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The region in which D ∼ C
2 ≪ 1 corresponds to the dijet limit and where the D-parameter loses the property of additivity. In this region we introduce a systematically-improvable procedure exploiting properties of conditional probabilities and resum to approximate next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The contributions from these regions can be consistently combined, and the value of the C-parameter integrated over to produce the cross section for the D-parameter. With these results, we match to leading fixed order as proof of principle and compare our resummed and matched prediction to data from LEP.
A portalino to the dark sector
Authors: Schmaltz Martin , Weiner Neal
Published: February 2019

Abstract

“Portal” models that connect the Standard Model to a Dark Sector allow for a wide variety of scenarios beyond the simplest WIMP models. Kinetic mixing of gauge fields in particular has allowed a broad range of new ideas. However, the models that evade CMB constraints are often non-generic, with new mass scales and operators to split states and suppress indirect detection signals. Models with a “portalino”, a neutral fermion that marries a linear combination of a standard model neutrino and dark sector fermion and carries a conserved quantum number, can be simpler. This is especially interesting for interacting dark sectors; then the unmarried linear combination which we identify as the standard model neutrino inherits these interactions too, and provides a new, effective interaction between the dark sector and the standard model. These interactions can be simple Z′ type interactions or lepton-flavor changing. Dark matter freezes out into neutrinos, thereby evading CMB constraints, and conventional direct detection signals are largely absent. The model offers different signals, however. The “portalino” mechanism itself predicts small corrections to the standard model neutrino couplings as well as the possibility of discovering the portalino particle in collider experiments. Possible cosmological and astroparticle signatures include monochromatic neutrino signals from annihilation, spectral features in high energy CR neutrinos as well as conventional signals of additional light species and dark matter interactions.
Examining the neutrino option
Authors: Brivio Ilaria , Trott Michael
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The neutrino option is a scenario where the electroweak scale, and thereby the Higgs mass, is generated simultaneously with neutrino masses in the seesaw model. This occurs via the leading one loop and tree level diagrams matching the seesaw model onto the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We advance the study of this scenario by determining one loop corrections to the leading order matching results systematically, performing a detailed numerical analysis of the consistency of this approach with Neutrino data and the Standard Model particle masses, and by examining the embedding of this scenario into a more ultraviolet complete model. We find that the neutrino option remains a viable and intriguing scenario to explain the origin of observed particle masses.
Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge
Authors: Topor Alain , von Greiff Ninive , Skogens Lisa
Published: February 2019

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.
Geophysical Investigation to Prevent Landslide in a Lignite Mine, India
Authors: Rai S. N. , Thiagarajan S. , Kumar Dewashish
Published: February 2019

Land slide in an opencast mine is a common phenomenon. It not only obstructs the mining operation but also incurs heavy economic losses as a cost of the removal of debris to facilitate mining work. Often, it also leads to the loss of valuable human lives. This problem is attributed mainly due to groundwater movement within the mines. Most suitable solution to this problem lies in the delineation of potential groundwater zones in order to pumping out groundwater to keep the sub-surface geological formations in almost dry land slide zone. Tadkeshwar lignite mine, located in Surat district of Gujarat state, India is one such mine which is facing land slide problem because of movement of groundwater in a segment of the mine. This paper describes the results of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) carried out in the mine lease area to locate groundwater potential zones. These results are then used for the selection of suitable sites to drill bore wells for dewatering in and around land slide zone in order to prevent landslide.
3D Inversion of Audio Magnetotelluric Data for Sulphide Mineralization over Dhanjori Basin
Authors: Singh Roshan Kumar , Gupta Ashok K. , Maurya Ved P. , Singh S. , Shalivahan
Published: February 2019

Quartz-pebble conglomerate (QPC) in the Dhanjori basin, a rifted greenstone belt, is known for its gold mineralization. Audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) soundings have been acquired for 32 sites spread in grid fashion for frequency 10kHz to 10 Hz along four parallel profiles. Due to noise conditions in the data only 26 sites have been used for further studies. The site spacing between adjacent AMT sites were ~250 m. The grid spreads over QPCD and Mayurbhang Granite (MG) of rocks. The dimensionality and the directionality analysis hinted towards a complex structure which tempted to perform a 3D inversion of AMT data for full impedance data. To obtain the optimum value of initial uniform half space resistivity, 3D inversion of off-diagonal component of inversion data was performed with various values of resistivity. The optimized value of resistivity was then used to perform 3D inversion for full impedance component with different set of error floor for the impedance component. The final 3D model showed the presence of a continuous conducting feature all along the three profile. Whereas, the southernmost profile showed three well developed conductors. The model corroborates well with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) sections and GSI borehole which lies within the same geological domain. The borehole intercepted sulphide mineralization with varying concentration from the near surface to ~ 100m. The near surface conducting heterogeneity thus is attributed to sulphide mineralization.
Predictors of Students’ Achievement on Naep-Economics: A Multilevel Model
Authors: Heafner Tina L. , VanFossen Phillip J. , Fitchett Paul G.
Published: February 2019

Previous research has examined the role of formal classroom economics education on student learning. However, few studies have examined the role of both in school and out of school economics education exposure on student learning. Using data from the 2006 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)-Economics 12th grade assessment, we conducted an analysis using multilevel modeling to examine both student- and school-level effects on economics content knowledge. We analyzed the relationship among student-level variables including demographics, economics course structure, and instructional exposure. Unlike prior studies, we accounted for the nesting of students in schools and determined significant building-level effects associated with NAEP-E outcomes. We included district and state accountability policies (e.g., required testing and graduation requirements) as well as contextual variables (e.g., percent minority and percent college bound) at the building level. Findings offered a more nuanced interpretation of earlier NAEP-E studies and extended earlier analyses to include instructional exposure and building-level effects.
Preventability of hospital onset bacteremia and fungemia: A pilot study of a potential healthcare-associated infection outcome measure
Authors: Dantes Raymund B. , Rock Clare , Milstone Aaron M. , Jacob Jesse T. , Chernetsky-Tejedor Sheri , Harris Anthony D. , Leekha Surbhi
Published: February 2019

Hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), a potential measure of healthcare-associated infections, was evaluated in a pilot study among 60 patients across 3 hospitals. Two-thirds of all HOB events and half of nonskin commensal HOB events were judged as potentially preventable. Follow-up studies are needed to further develop this measure.
A case of mistaken diagnoses: diagnostic and management challenges in a case of adult autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Alexander L. , Farrelly N.
Published: February 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently identified in children but is often unrecognised in adults. ASD is characterised by difficulties in social interaction, communication and restricted interests, but other presentations are common, especially in adults. This report describes a 34-year-old man with a history of multiple psychiatric diagnoses including generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and panic disorder. He was diagnosed with ASD in his early 30s and engaged in a targeted treatment plan, including rationalisation of medications, supportive therapy and occupational therapy, which successfully facilitated discharge from mental health services. This case illustrates the atypical presentation of ASD in adults, which is diagnostically challenging. Such cases often present to community mental health services and may be misdiagnosed as treatment resistant cases of depressive, anxiety or personality disorders. Accurate diagnosis and targeted management is more likely to yield a successful outcome.
On the mean structure of sharp-fin-induced shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions over a cylindrical surface
Authors: Pickles J. D. , Mettu B. R. , Subbareddy P. K. , Narayanaswamy V.
Published: February 2019

Interactions between an oblique shock wave generated by a sharp fin placed on a cylindrical surface and the incoming boundary layer are investigated to unravel the mean features of the resulting shock/boundary layer interaction (SBLI) unit. This fin-on-cylinder SBLI unit has several unique features caused by the three-dimensional (3-D) relief offered by the cylindrical surface that noticeably alter the shock structure. Complementary experimental and computational studies are made to delineate both the surface and off-body flow features of the fin-on-cylinder SBLI unit and to obtain a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that dictate the mean flow and wall pressure features of the SBLI unit. Results show that the fin-on-cylinder SBLI exhibits substantial deviation from quasi-conical symmetry that is observed in planar fin SBLI. Furthermore, the separated flow growth rate appears to decrease with downstream distance and the separation size is consistently smaller than the planar fin SBLI with the same inflow and fin configurations. The causes for the observed diminution of the separated flow and its downstream growth rate were investigated in the light of changes caused by the cylinder curvature on the inviscid as well as separation shock. It was found that the inviscid shock gets progressively weakened in the region close to the triple point with downstream distance due to the 3-D relief effect from cylinder curvature. This weakening of the inviscid shock feeds into the separation shock, which is also independently impacted by the 3-D relief, to result in the observed modifications in the fin-on-cylinder SBLI unit.
Historical mathematical problems suitable for classroom activities
Authors: Ben-Chaim David , Shalitin Yechiel , Stupel Moshe
Published: February 2019

The human mind, by nature, is curious and enjoys dealing, both independently and competitively, with intellectual challenges. Throughout time, mathematical tasks, riddles, and puzzles have offered such challenges. In today's modern era, marketing companies and the media even offer prizes and rewards for the successful solution of puzzles, expanding the audience exposed to the various challenges. In addition, the styles, subjects and depths of the puzzles have become diversified. Experience gained in solving puzzles aids in developing reasoning abilities and deepening thought.
The prescient power of indifference
Authors: Wapner Leonard M.
Published: February 2019

Many a secret that cannot be pried out by curiosity can be drawn out by indifference.

Sidney J. Harris

Lack of information is generally considered a hindrance to inquiry. Surprisingly, a simple mathematical argument, relying on the Principle of Indifference, shows there are situations where the opposite holds. Even more surprisingly, this indifference allows one to guess, with a success rate greater than 50%, the outcome of a coin toss or any other experiment having two equiprobable outcomes. The scheme is based on work by American statistician David Blackwell (1919–2010) and a principle of mathematical probability attributed to Swiss mathematician Jakob Bernoulli (1655–1705).
An appraisal of Lalanne's nomogram
Authors: Stanley P.
Published: February 2019

A number of methods are available for the solution of cubic equations. Amongst these, and possibly less well known than those based on algebraic or trigonometrical procedures, is an elegant graphical solution devised by Lalanne [1]. His approach and the resulting nomogram are appraised in this paper.

The general cubic equation in the variable X
Enterprise risk management in integrated crop-livestock systems: a method proposition
Authors: Faria Corrêa R. G. , Kliemann Neto F. J. , Souza J. S. , Lampert V. N. , Barcellos J. O. J.
Published: February 2019

Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are currently promoted agricultural production systems that aim to use better resources through production integration and intensification. While this system reduces some risks, it adds complexity and new risks to businesses due to interdependence between the agricultural modules. To deal with these issues, integrated risk management is required to reduce the effects of risks and to take advantage of the opportunities of an ICLS. Generically, enterprise risk management (ERM) meets this need by proposing comprehensive and coherent risk management, instead of managing agricultural module risks individually. However, there is a need to customize the ERM approach to ICLS. Therefore, the current study aims to develop a method to manage risks for ICLS based on ERM, integrating the management of risks and aligning risk management with the strategic objectives. A literature review, a pilot study, interviews with experts, four case studies and 20 practitioners supported the method development and evaluation through three versions. As a result, the method identifies and relates risks through process mapping with a qualitative and quantitative analysis of their impacts, determines risk responses based on willingness to take risks, and helps identify processes to control, communicate and monitor the risks. The method also stimulates the implementation of ICLS in market-oriented farms, providing an approach to increase the chances of ICLS success. The main difference from previous research lies in the integrative management of multiple risks, the alignment of risks with strategy and the consideration that a risk might be considered an opportunity.
Magneto-immutable turbulence in weakly collisional plasmas
Authors: Squire J. , Schekochihin A. A. , Quataert E. , Kunz M. W.
Published: February 2019

We propose that pressure anisotropy causes weakly collisional turbulent plasmas to self-organize so as to resist changes in magnetic-field strength. We term this effect ‘magneto-immutability’ by analogy with incompressibility (resistance to changes in pressure). The effect is important when the pressure anisotropy becomes comparable to the magnetic pressure, suggesting that in collisionless, weakly magnetized (high-$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$) plasmas its dynamical relevance is similar to that of incompressibility. Simulations of magnetized turbulence using the weakly collisional Braginskii model show that magneto-immutable turbulence is surprisingly similar, in most statistical measures, to critically balanced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. However, in order to minimize magnetic-field variation, the flow direction becomes more constrained than in magnetohydrodynamics, and the turbulence is more strongly dominated by magnetic energy (a non-zero ‘residual energy’). These effects represent key differences between pressure-anisotropic and fluid turbulence, and should be observable in the$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\gtrsim 1$turbulent solar wind.
Anterior hippocampal volume predicts affect-focused psychotherapy outcome
Authors: Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Zhu Xi , Lazarov Amit , Mann J. John , Schneier Franklin , Gerber Andrew , Barber Jacques P. , Chambless Dianne L. , Neria Yuval , Milrod Barbara , Markowitz John C.
Published: February 2019

Background

The hippocampus plays an important role in psychopathology and treatment outcome. While posterior hippocampus (PH) may be crucial for the learning process that exposure-based treatments require, affect-focused treatments might preferentially engage anterior hippocampus (AH). Previous studies have distinguished the different functions of these hippocampal sub-regions in memory, learning, and emotional processes, but not in treatment outcome. Examining two independent clinical trials, we hypothesized that anterior hippocampal volume would predict outcome of affect-focused treatment outcome [Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT); Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP)], whereas posterior hippocampal volume would predict exposure-based treatment outcome [Prolonged Exposure (PE); Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Applied Relaxation Training (ART)].

Methods

Thirty-five patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 24 with panic disorder (PD) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before randomization to affect-focused (IPT for PTSD; PFPP for PD) or exposure-based treatments (PE for PTSD; CBT or ART for PD). AH and PH volume were regressed with clinical outcome changes.

Results

Baseline whole hippocampal volume did not predict post-treatment clinical severity scores in any treatment. For affect-focused treatments, but not exposure-based treatments, anterior hippocampal volume predicted clinical improvement. Smaller AH correlated with greater affect-focused treatment improvement. Posterior hippocampal volume did not predict treatment outcome.

Conclusions

This is the first study to explore associations between hippocampal volume sub-regions and treatment outcome in PTSD and PD. Convergent results suggest that affect-focused treatment may influence the clinical outcome through the ‘limbic’ AH, whereas exposure-based treatments do not. These preliminary, theory-congruent, therapeutic findings require replication in a larger clinical trial.
Planar Multi-Link Swimmers: Experiments and Theoretical Investigation using “Perfect Fluid” Model
Authors: Virozub Evgenia , Wiezel Oren , Wolf Alon , Or Yizhar
Published: February 2019

Robotic swimmers are currently a subject of extensive research and development for several underwater applications. Clever design and planning must rely on simple theoretical models that account for the swimmer’s hydrodynamics in order to optimize its structure and control inputs. In this work, we study a planar snake-like multi-link swimmer by using the “perfect fluid” model that accounts for inertial hydrodynamic forces while neglecting viscous drag effects. The swimmer’s dynamic equations of motion are formulated and reduced into a first-order system due to symmetries and conservation of generalized momentum variables. Focusing on oscillatory inputs of joint angles, we study optimal gaits for 3-link and 5-link swimmers via numerical integration. For the 3-link swimmer, we also provide a small-amplitude asymptotic solution which enables obtaining closed-form approximations for optimal gaits. The theoretical results are then corroborated by experiments and motion measurement of untethered robotic prototypes with three and five links floating in a water pool, showing a reasonable agreement between the experiments and the theoretical model.