bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hibernation induces widespread transcriptional remodeling in metabolic tissues of the grizzly bear
Authors: Jansen Heiko T. , Trojahn Shawn , Saxton Michael W. , Quackenbush Corey R. , Evans Hutzenbiler Brandon D. , Nelson O. Lynne , Cornejo Omar E. , Robbins Charles T. , Kelley Joanna L.
Published: September 2019

Revealing the mechanisms underlying the reversible physiology of hibernation could have applications to both human and animal health as hibernation is often associated with disease-like states. The present study uses RNA-sequencing to reveal the tissue and seasonal transcriptional changes occurring in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Comparing hibernation to other seasons, bear adipose has a greater number of differentially expressed genes than liver and skeletal muscle. During hyperphagia, adipose has more than 900 differentially expressed genes compared to active season. Hibernation is characterized by reduced expression of genes associated with insulin signaling, muscle protein degradation, and urea production, and increased expression within muscle protein anabolic pathways. Across all three tissues we find a subset of shared differentially expressed genes, some of which are uncharacterized, that together may reflect a common regulatory mechanism. The identified gene families could be useful for developing novel therapeutics to treat human and animal diseases.
Development of R7BP inhibitors through cross-linking coupled mass spectrometry and integrated modeling
Authors: Adikaram Poorni R. , Zhang Jian-Hua , Kittock Claire M. , Pandey Mritunjay , Hassan Sergio A. , Lue Nicole G. , Wang Guanghui , Gucek Marjan , Simonds William F.
Published: September 2019

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are known to be valuable targets for therapeutic intervention; yet the development of PPI modulators as next-generation drugs to target specific vertices, edges, and hubs has been impeded by the lack of structural information of many of the proteins and complexes involved. Building on recent advancements in cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), we describe an effective approach to obtain relevant structural data on R7BP, a master regulator of itch sensation, and its interfaces with other proteins in its network. This approach integrates XL-MS with a variety of modeling techniques to successfully develop antibody inhibitors of the R7BP and RGS7/Gβ5 duplex interaction. Binding and inhibitory efficiency are studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and through an R7BP-derived dominant negative construct. This approach may have broader applications as a tool to facilitate the development of PPI modulators in the absence of crystal structures or when structural information is limited.
Step edge-mediated assembly of periodic arrays of long graphene nanoribbons on Au(111)
Authors: Ma Chuanxu , Xiao Zhongcan , Lu Wenchang , Huang Jingsong , Hong Kunlun , Bernholc J. , Li An-Ping
Published: September 2019

Step edges on Au(111) surface are found to promote the assembly of compact polymer arrays with enhanced interchain π–π interactions, which in turn lead to periodic arrays of graphene nanoribbons with enhanced average length near step edges.
Catalyst-free cyclization of anthranils and cyclic amines: one-step synthesis of rutaecarpine
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Zheng-Bing , Xu Yue , Lu Xue-Chen , Zhu Shang-Rong , Liu Li
Published: September 2019

An efficient synthesis of rutaecarpine derivatives via a catalyst-free and atom-efficiency cyclization reaction between commercially available anthranils and cyclic amines is described.
BANGO SEA XLOC/HMBC–H2OBC: complete heteronuclear correlation within minutes from one NMR pulse sequence
Authors: Nagy Tamás Milán , Gyöngyösi Tamás , Kövér Katalin E. , Sørensen Ole W.
Published: September 2019

Novel NMR experiments, BANGO SEA XLOC–H2OBC or BANGO HMBC–H2OBC, deliver complete heteronuclear correlations and assignments on a time scale of minutes on small molecules.
Gauging stability and reactivity of carbonyl O-oxide Criegee intermediates
Authors: Wagner J. Philipp
Published: September 2019

Carbonyl O-oxides are highly reactive and short-lived intermediates, but it might be possible to tame them by adequate substitution.
Experimental and numerical analysis to identify the performance limiting mechanisms in solid-state lithium cells under pulse operating conditions
Authors: Pang Mei-Chin , Hao Yucang , Marinescu Monica , Wang Huizhi , Chen Mu , Offer Gregory J.
Published: September 2019

Solid-state lithium batteries could reduce the safety concern due to thermal runaway while improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy density beyond the existing practical limits of lithium-ion batteries.
Microfluidics and catalyst particles
Authors: Solsona M. , Vollenbroek J. C. , Tregouet C. B. M. , Nieuwelink A.-E. , Olthuis W. , van den Berg A. , Weckhuysen B. M. , Odijk M.
Published: September 2019

In this review article, we discuss the latest advances and future perspectives of microfluidics for micro/nanoscale catalyst particle synthesis and analysis.
Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy on a graphene chip
Authors: Meireles Leonel M. , Barcelos Ingrid D. , Ferrari Gustavo A. , de A. Neves Paulo Alexandre A. , Freitas Raul O. , Lacerda Rodrigo G.
Published: September 2019

Here we present a graphene chip designed to nanoscale infrared analysis of materials in liquid environments. We measured the local chemistry of protein clusters in water and a variety of biocompatible liquids.
Nanodiamond uptake in colon cancer cells: the influence of direction and trypsin-EDTA treatment
Authors: Sigaeva Alina , Morita Aryan , Hemelaar Simon R. , Schirhagl R.
Published: September 2019

While some cell types readily ingest nanoparticles, others just don't. We report that, for certain cells, the uptake can be enhanced if the particles are administered from the basolateral side or if the cells are treated with trypsin-EDTA.
Design rules for glass formation from model molecules designed by a neural-network-biased genetic algorithm
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Venkatesh , Hung Jui-Hsiang , Simmons David S.
Published: September 2019

A neural-network-biased genetic algorithm is employed to design model glass formers exhibiting extremes of fragility of glass formation, elucidating connections between molecular geometry, thermodynamics, fragility, and glass-transition temperature.
TRPM8 facilitates proliferation and immune evasion of esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Lan Xinyan , Zhao Jun , Song Chunjing , Yuan Qiuxiang , Liu Xiaojun
Published: September 2019

Esophageal cancer is seen with increasing incidence, but the underlying mechanism of esophageal cancer is still unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) is non-selective cation channels. It has been verified that TRPM channels play crucial roles in development and progression of multiple tumors. Increasing studies have shown that TRPM8, a member of TRPM channels, promotes growth of tumors. However, it is still unclear whether TRPM8 has biological effect on esophageal cancer. In the current work, we found that TRPM8 was overexpressed in esophageal cancer samples and cell lines. Further investigation revealed that TRPM8 promoted proliferation of esophageal cancer cells. Next, the co-incubation assay including EC109 cells and CD8+ T cells revealed that TRPM8 overexpression and TRPM8 agonist reduced the cytotoxic effect of CD8+ T cell on esophageal cancer cells. Finally, we explored the mechanism and found that calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (NFATc3) pathway contributed to the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced by TRPM8 overexpression and TRPM8 agonist, which might lead to immune evasion of esophageal cancer cells. These findings uncovered the crucial role of TRPM8 in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.
Oxytocin system alleviates intestinal inflammation by regulating macrophages polarization in experimental colitis
Authors: Tang Yan , Shi Yao , Gao Yifei , Xu Xiaomeng , Han Ting , Li Jingxin , Liu Chuanyong
Published: September 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation, but the accurate etiology remains to be elucidated. Increasing evidence has shown that macrophages polarize to different phenotypes depending on the intestinal microenvironment and are associated with the progression of IBD. In the present study, we investigated the effect of oxytocin, a neuroendocrinal, and pro-health peptide, on the modulation of macrophages polarization and the progression of experimental colitis. Our data demonstrated that oxytocin decreased the sensitivity of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide stimulation with lower expression of inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, but increased the sensitivity to IL-4 stimulation with enhanced expression of M2-type genes, arginase I (Arg1), CD206, and chitinase-like 3 (Chil3). This bidirectional modulation was partly due to the up-regulation of β-arrestin2 and resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and reinforcement of Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 phosphorylation. Moreover, oxytocin receptor (OXTR) myeloid deficiency mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) intervention compared with the wild mice. For the first time, we reveal that oxytocin–oxytocin receptor system participates in modulating the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and alleviates experimental colitis. These findings provide new potential insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD.
Intensity Resolution in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: Sensory and Auditory Memory Limitations
Authors: Richardson Kelly C. , Sussman Joan E.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to examine sensory and auditory memory limitations on intensity resolution in individuals with Parkinson's disease as compared to healthy older and younger adults.

Method

Nineteen individuals with Parkinson's disease, 10 healthy age- and hearing-matched adults, and 10 healthy young adults were studied. The listeners participated in 2 intensity discrimination tasks: a lower memory load 4IAX task (sensory limitations) and a higher memory load ABX task (auditory memory limitations). Intensity resolution was examined across groups and tasks using a bias-free measurement of signal detectability known as
d
′ (
d
-prime). Listeners also participated in a loudness scaling task where they were instructed to rate the loudness level of each signal intensity along the experimental continuum using a computerized 150-mm visual analog scale.

Results

Intensity discrimination sensitivity (
d
′) was significantly poorer in the 4IAX and ABX conditions for the individuals with Parkinson's disease, as compared to the older and younger controls. Furthermore, a significant age-related difference was identified for the loudness scaling condition. The younger controls rated most stimuli along the experimental continuum significantly louder as compared to the older controls and the individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Conclusions

The present discrimination data suggest sensory and auditory memory limitations may contribute to the intensity resolution issues associated with Parkinson's disease. Age-related differences in loudness scaling will be reviewed.
Diagnosing Conductive Dysfunction in Infants Using Wideband Acoustic Immittance: Validation and Development of Predictive Models
Authors: Myers Joshua , Kei Joseph , Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Driscoll Carlie , Khan Asaduzzaman , Manuel Alehandrea , Joseph Anjali , Malicka Alicja N.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The aims of this study were (a) to validate the wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) model developed by
Myers et al. (2018a)
in a new sample of neonates and (b) to develop a prediction model for diagnosing middle ear dysfunction in infants aged 6–18 months using wideband absorbance, controlling for the effect of age.

Method

Tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and WAI were measured in 124 neonates and longitudinally in 357 infants at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Results of tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were used to assess middle ear function of each infant. For the first study, results from the neonates were applied to the diagnostic WAI model developed by
Myers et al. (2018a)
. For the second study, a prediction model was developed using results from the 6- to 18-month-old infants. Results from 1 ear of infants in each age group (6, 12, and 18 months) were used to develop the model. The amount of bias (overfitting) was estimated with bootstrap resampling and by applying the model to the opposite ears (the test sample). Performance was assessed using measures of discrimination (
c
-index) and calibration (calibration curves).

Results

For the validation study, the
Myers et al. (2018a)
model was well calibrated and had a
c
-index of 0.837 when applied to a new sample of neonates. Although this was lower than the apparent performance
c
-index of 0.876 reported by Myers et al., it was close to the bias-corrected estimate of 0.845. The model developed for 6- to 18-month-old infants had satisfactory calibration and apparent, bias-corrected, and test sample
c
-index of 0.884, 0.867, and 0.887, respectively.

Conclusions

The validated and developed models may be clinically useful, and further research validating, updating, and assessing the clinical impact of the models is warranted.
Impact of Nonmodal Phonation on Estimates of Subglottal Pressure From Neck-Surface Acceleration in Healthy Speakers
Authors: Marks Katherine L. , Lin Jonathan Z. , Fox Annie B. , Toles Laura E. , Mehta Daryush D.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nonmodal phonation on estimates of subglottal pressure (Ps) derived from the magnitude of a neck-surface accelerometer (ACC) signal and to confirm previous findings regarding the impact of vowel contexts and pitch levels in a larger cohort of participants.

Method

Twenty-six vocally healthy participants (18 women, 8 men) were asked to produce a series of p-vowel syllables with descending loudness in 3 vowel contexts (/a/, /i/, and /u/), 3 pitch levels (comfortable, high, and low), and 4 elicited phonatory conditions (modal, breathy, strained, and rough). Estimates of Ps for each vowel segment were obtained by averaging the intraoral air pressure plateau before and after each segment. The root-mean-square magnitude of the neck-surface ACC signal was computed for each vowel segment. Three linear mixed-effects models were used to statistically assess the effects of vowel, pitch, and phonatory condition on the linear relationship (slope and intercept) between Ps and ACC signal magnitude.

Results

Results demonstrated statistically significant linear relationships between ACC signal magnitude and Ps within participants but with increased intercepts for the nonmodal phonatory conditions; slopes were affected to a lesser extent. Vowel and pitch contexts did not significantly affect the linear relationship between ACC signal magnitude and Ps.

Conclusion

The classic linear relationship between ACC signal magnitude and Ps is significantly affected when nonmodal phonation is produced by a speaker. Future work is warranted to further characterize nonmodal phonatory characteristics to improve the ACC-based prediction of Ps during naturalistic speech production.
The traditional approximation of rotation, including the centrifugal acceleration for slightly deformed stars
Authors: Mathis S. , Prat V.
Published: September 2019

Context. The traditional approximation of rotation (TAR) is a treatment of the dynamical equations of rotating and stably stratified fluids in which the action of the Coriolis acceleration along the direction of the entropy (and chemicals) stratification is neglected, while assuming that the fluid motions are mostly horizontal because of their inhibition in the vertical direction by the buoyancy force. This leads to the neglect of the horizontal projection of the rotation vector in the equations for the dynamics of gravito-inertial waves (GIWs) that become separable, such as in the non-rotating case, while they are not separable in the case in which the full Coriolis acceleration is taken into account. This approximation, first introduced in geophysical fluid dynamics for thin atmospheres and oceans, has been broadly applied in stellar (and planetary) astrophysics to study low-frequency GIWs that have short vertical wavelengths. The appoximation is now being tested thanks to direct 2D oscillation codes, which constrain its domain of validity. The mathematical flexibility of this treatment allows us to explore broad parameter spaces and to perform detailed seismic modelling of stars.

Aims. The TAR treatment is built on the assumptions that the star is spherical (i.e. its centrifugal deformation is neglected) and uniformly rotating while an adiabatic treatment of the dynamics of the waves is adopted. In addition, their induced gravitational potential fluctuations is neglected. However, it has been recently generalised with including the effects of a differential rotation. We aim to carry out a new generalisation that takes into account the centrifugal acceleration in the case of deformed stars that are moderately and uniformly rotating.

Methods. We construct an analytical expansion of the equations for the dynamics of GIWs in a spheroidal coordinates system by assuming the hierarchies of frequencies and amplitudes of the velocity components adopted within TAR in the spherical case.

Results. We derive the complete set of equations that generalises TAR by taking the centrifugal acceleration into account. As in the case of a differentially rotating spherical star, the problem becomes 2D but can be treated analytically if we assume the anelastic and JWKB approximations, which are relevant for low-frequency GIWs. This allows us to derive a generalised Laplace tidal equation for the horizontal eigenfunctions and asymptotic wave periods, which can be used to probe the structure and dynamics of rotating deformed stars thanks to asteroseismology. A first numerical exploration of its eigenvalues and horizontal eigenfunctions shows their variation as a function of the pseudo-radius for different rotation rates and frequencies and the development of avoided crossings.
Detection of an excessively strong 3-μm absorption near the lunar highland crater Dufay
Authors: Wöhler C. , Grumpe A. , Bhatt M. , Berezhnoy A. A. , Shevchenko V. V. , Bhardwaj A.
Published: September 2019

Using the near-infrared spectral reflectance data of the Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument, we report an unusually bright structure of 30 × 60 km2on the lunar equatorial farside near crater Dufay. At this location, the 3-μm absorption band feature, which is commonly ascribed to hydroxyl (OH) and/or water (H2O), at local midday is significantly (∼30%) stronger than on the surrounding surface and, surprisingly, stronger than in the illuminated polar highlands. We did not find a similar area of excessively strong 3-μm absorption anywhere else on the Moon. A possible explanation for this structure is the recent infall of meteoritic or cometary material of high OH/H2O content forming a thin layer detectable by its pronounced 3-μm band, where a small amount of the OH/H2O is adsorbed by the surface material into binding states of relatively high activation energy. Detailed analysis of this structure with next-generation spacecraft instrumentation will provide further insight into the processes that lead to the accumulation of OH/H2O in the lunar regolith surface.
Some physical properties of a Li4Ti5O12thin film electrode manufactured by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Şenay Volkan , Özen Soner
Published: September 2019

A Li4Ti5O12thin film was fabricated on an ITO layer previously prepared on a glass microscope slide via RF magnetron sputtering technique. The structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical properties of the produced thin film were studied by several techniques. According to the findings, the investigated film has a crystalline structure with small grains. Its surface is nano-structured, dense and smooth. The system (LTO/ITO/glass) exhibits an average transmittance rate above 70% in the visible region with a band gap energy value of 3.8 eV. The obtained impedance spectrum shows a good blocking behavior. The Warburg diffusion element with a value of 817 S.s1/2provides easy Li-ion diffusion.
Up-wind difference approximation and singularity formation for a slow erosion model
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , Gargano Francesco , Sciacca Vincenzo
Published: September 2019

We consider a model for a granular flow in the slow erosion limit introduced in [31]. We propose an up-wind numerical scheme for this problem and show that the approximate solutions generated by the scheme converge to the unique entropy solution. Numerical examples are also presented showing the reliability of the scheme. We study also the finite time singularity formation for the model with the singularity tracking method, and we characterize the singularities as shocks in the solution.
Die Zusammenarbeit muss enger werden – Erfolgsfaktoren für die Hüft- und Knie-TEP-Versorgung
Authors: Dynybil Christian
Published: September 2019

Patienten nach Knie- und Hüft-TEP werden immer früher aus dem Akutkrankenhaus entlassen. Nachsorgende Rehaeinrichtungen gewinnen dadurch an Bedeutung. Dr. Christian Dynybil, Chefarzt in der Waldburg-Zeil Rehabilitationsklinik Saulgau hat 100 Rehamediziner befragt, was für sie eine Operation erfolgreich macht und wann sie eine operierende Klinik weiterempfehlen. Dabei fielen vor allem Stichworte wie Kommunikation, Patientenedukation und Qualitätsstandards.
Koronare Herzkrankheit als Ursache für Beschwerden im
Bereich von BWS und Sternum
Authors: Lackenbauer Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Eine 80-jährige Patientin mit chronischen Schmerzen in der LWS, zusätzlichem
Druck-/Engegefühl im Brustkorb bzw. hinter dem Brustbein sowie Atemlosigkeit vor
allem bei physischer Anstrengung mit gleichzeitig auftretenden Schmerzen in der
BWS zwischen den Schulterblättern wurde zur Physiotherapie überwiesen. Die
Symptome im Bereich Brustkorb/Sternum und der BWS ließen sich weder durch eine
Haltungsänderung noch durch Aktivität/Bewegung der oberen Extremitäten oder der
Wirbelsäule auslösen bzw. reproduzieren.

Aufgrund des für koronare Herzkrankheiten typischen Beschwerdebildes wurde die
Patientin zur weiteren fachärztlichen Abklärung überwiesen. Kurz darauf unterzog
sie sich einer 4-fachen Bypass-Operation am Herzen.
Transition-Metal-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization To Give 1,2,4-Trisubstituted Carbazole Scaffolds
Authors: Szewczyk Milena , Ryczkowska Małgorzata , Makowiec Sławomir
Published: September 2019

Herein, we describe the synthesis of a 1,2,4-trisubstituted carbazole core from 5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopentanoic acid esters or amides. For oxidative cyclization, we tested two different approaches. First, we used manganese triacetate as a conventional moderate oxidizer to ensure the radical course of the reaction. Second, we examined the use of a more complex oxidizing agent I2/Me(OTf)3. In both cases, formation of a fused-ring carbazole system with a 2-hydroxyl and 1-carboxylic substituent were observed. In connection with the formation of an unexpected reaction intermediate, mechanistic aspects of the process were discussed.
Optimization of MAXED input parameters with applications to the unfolding of neutron diagnostics data from the Joint European Torus
Authors: Giacomelli L. , Reginatto M. ,   JET EFDA Contributors
Published: September 2019

Organic NE213 liquid scintillator neutron detectors are commonly used at accelerator facilities for neutron beam diagnostics. In recent years, they have also been installed at nuclear fusion facilities to measure the neutron energy spectra from Deuterium (D) and Deuterium-Tritium plasmas, e.g., at the ASDEX Upgrade (Garching, Germany) and at the Joint European Torus (JET, Culham, UK). The NE213 equivalent scintillating material (now BC501A) of the detector is sensitive to neutron and gamma radiation, so pulse discrimination techniques are applied in order to obtain the measured neutron pulse height spectrum (PHS). If the neutron detector is stable, controlled, and well-characterized (i.e., its response function to incoming neutrons of known energy is determined with high accuracy), it can be used as a neutron spectrometer. The measured PHS can then be analyzed using standard techniques such as unfolding to determine the incoming neutron energy spectrum. This article focuses on the unfolding of neutron data measured in D plasma experiments at JET by a compact broadband neutron spectrometer using the maximum entropy unfolding code MAXED. A general method for optimizing MAXED input parameters is described and applied to the measured PHS to diagnose the effects of the auxiliary heating of JET D plasma on the neutron energy spectra.
Exact diagonal representation of normal mode energy, occupation number, and heat current for phonon-dominated thermal transport
Authors: Raj Anant , Eapen Jacob
Published: September 2019

Collective excitations of crystal vibrations or normal modes are customarily described using complex normal mode coordinates. While appropriate for calculating phonon dispersion, the mixed representation involving the complex conjugates does not allow the construction of equivalent phonon occupation number or modal dynamical quantities such as the energy or heat current specific to a wave-vector direction (q). Starting from a canonical solution that includes waves going to the left and right directions, we cast the Hamiltonian, normal mode population, and heat current in an exactly diagonalizable representation using real normal mode amplitudes. We show that the use of real amplitudes obviates the need for a complex modal heat current while making the passage to second quantization more apparent. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we then compute the net modal energy, heat current, and equivalent phonon population in a linear lattice subjected to a thermal gradient. Our analysis paves a tractable path for probing and computing the direction-dependent thermal-phononic modal properties of dielectric lattices using atomistic simulations.
Magnetoacoustic cnoidal waves and solitons in multi-ions plasmas with application to ionospheric plasmas
Authors: Ur-Rehman Hafeez , Mahmood S. , Kaladze T.
Published: September 2019

The magnetoacoustic nonlinear periodic (cnoidal) wave and solitons in multi-ion plasmas are studied, and its Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived by applying the reductive perturbation (RP) method with appropriate boundary conditions. The dynamics of all species in a multi-ion plasma, which consists of warm (light) ions, cold (heavy) ions, and hot electrons, are taken in the electromagnetic field. Two types of multi-ion plasmas, i.e., H+-O+-e (positive ion plasma) and H+-O2−-e (negative ion plasma), are chosen, which can exist in different layers of the ionosphere. It is found that for the H+-O+-e plasma case, the nonlinear structure forms compressive magnetoacoustic wave pulses (which move with the super-Alfvénic speed of light ions in the lab frame) and depends on plasma parameters such as the external magnetic field intensity and light ion temperature and density. It is also found that the rarefactive magnetoacoustic wave structures (move with the sub-Alfvénic speed of light ions in the lab frame) are also formed in H+-O+-e plasma if heavy and light ions' density ratio is increased beyond a certain limit. In the case of negative ion (i.e., H+-O2−-e) plasma, again, compressive magnetoacoustic cnoidal waves and soliton structures are formed at a comparatively lower value of heavy to light ions' density ratio (χ) with the positive ion plasma case. Again, these compressive magnetoacoustic structures switch to the rarefactive ones in negative ion plasma when density ratio χ is increased beyond a certain limit. The parametric analysis and numerical plots are illustrated, and the obtained theoretical results are found to be consistent with the Freja experimental observations in the upper ionosphere.
Photo-ionization and fragmentation of Sc3N@C80 following excitation above the Sc K-edge
Authors: Obaid Razib , Schnorr Kirsten , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Takanashi Tsukasa , Kling Nora G. , Kooser Kuno , Nagaya Kiyonobu , Wada Shin-ichi , Fang Li , Augustin Sven , You Daehyun , Campbell Eleanor E. B. , Fukuzawa Hironobu , Schulz Claus P. , Ueda Kiyoshi , Lablanquie Pascal , Pfeifer Thomas , Kukk Edwin , Berrah Nora
Published: September 2019

We have investigated the ionization and fragmentation of a metallo-endohedral fullerene, Sc3N@C80, using ultrashort (10 fs) x-ray pulses. Following selective ionization of a Sc (1s) electron (hν = 4.55 keV), an Auger cascade leads predominantly to either a vibrationally cold multiply charged parent molecule or multifragmentation of the carbon cage following a phase transition. In contrast to previous studies, no intermediate regime of C2 evaporation from the carbon cage is observed. A time-delayed, hard x-ray pulse (hν = 5.0 keV) was used to attempt to probe the electron transfer dynamics between the encapsulated Sc species and the carbon cage. A small but significant change in the intensity of Sc-containing fragment ions and coincidence counts for a delay of 100 fs compared to 0 fs, as well as an increase in the yield of small carbon fragment ions, may be indicative of incomplete charge transfer from the carbon cage on the sub-100 fs time scale.
Coupling effect on shocked double-gas cylinder evolution
Authors: Zhai Zhigang , Ou Junfeng , Ding Juchun
Published: September 2019

Interaction of a weak planar shock wave with double heavy gas cylinders has been investigated, focusing on coupling effect on the post-shock flow. In experiments, the ideal two-dimensional discontinuous double heavy gas cylinders with controllable initial conditions are generated by soap film technique, and the shocked flow is captured by a high-speed schlieren photography. Two different initial center spacings of cylinders are considered to highlight the coupling effect. As the center spacing reduces, the coupling effect occurs earlier and becomes more prominent. The coupling effect greatly promotes the inner vortex motions near the symmetry axis relative to the outer ones, resulting in the formation of the mushroom and twisted jets. The fusion of the inner vortices completely differs from the observation in previous experimental work in which the inner vortices separate from each other. Quantitatively, the motion of the upstream interface in streamwise direction is obtained, and can be predicted by a nonlinear model considering the coupling effect. Besides, a vortex model is proposed based on the induction equation of point vortex, and the effect of the mutual interferences among vortices on the vortex motions can be well evaluated.
Direct evidence for the ground state, quadrupole-bound anion of succinonitrile
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: September 2019

A new article revisits previous work on succinonitrile anions in order to present more direct evidence for the existence of the quadrupole-bound anion state.
Symmetric semigroups with three generators
Authors: Vorob’ev I. S. , Ustinov A. V.
Published: September 2019

In the theory of numerical semigroups the Frobenius problem of finding the largest integer that does not belong to the given semigroup plays an important role. The study of the Frobenius problem suggests distinguishing the class of symmetric semigroups, which have a quite simple structure. The main result in this work is an asymptotic formula describing the growth of the number of symmetric semigroups with three generators.

Bibliography: 18 titles.
A decision-support tool for investment analysis of automated oestrus detection technologies in a seasonal dairy production system
Authors: Thomas E. B. , Dolecheck K. A. , Mark T. B. , Eastwood C. R. , Dela Rue B. T. , Bewley J. M.
Published: September 2019

Context
Advances in automated oestrus detection have made this an attractive technology to help reduce manual oestrus detection labour on dairy farms.

Aims
A decision-support tool was created to help farmers estimate the investment outcome of adopting automated oestrus detection technologies in a seasonal dairy production system.

Methods
A decision-support tool was created using Excel 2011 (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, WA, USA). The tool allows farmers to input both current herd reproductive management costs and performance and automated oestrus detection technology system costs and performance to receive herd-specific estimates of investment benefit. The investment analysis outputs include the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period associated with automated oestrus detection adoption. Two different automated oestrus detection technologies were compared with visual oestrus detection aided by tail paint with a 72.0% oestrus detection rate (sensitivity) to demonstrate the value of the investment analysis tool. The alternative scenarios, technology one and technology two, were compared over an eight-year investment period.

Key results
Technology one, with a 62.4% oestrus detection rate, resulted in a negative NPV and IRR (–NZ$182567 and –100% respectively), indicating a poor investment. Technology two, with an oestrus detection rate of 91.0%, provided a positive NPV and IRR (NZ$177890 and 38.7% respectively), indicating a beneficial investment. The payback period for technology one was estimated as >10 years, whereas technology two’s payback period was <1 year.

Conclusions
The investment tool results are dependent on farm-specific and automated oestrus detection inputs.

Implications
Farmers can use farm-specific inputs in the tool to aid them when considering adoption of new automated oestrus detection technologies.
Maximising the benefits of pelleting diets for modern broilers
Authors: Abdollahi M. Reza , Zaefarian Faegheh , Ravindran Velmurugu
Published: September 2019

The importance of feeding pelleted feed to broilers is no longer questionable. However, the extent of performance benefits associated with feeding pelleted diets to broilers depends on available nutrient intake, which, in turn, is influenced by grain type, processing variables such as conditioning temperature, feed texture and birds’ digestive-tract development. The current practice of a high degree of feed processing, especially fine grinding, and ad libitum feeding do not support the normal development and functionality of the foregut. Incorporation of structural components in contemporary broiler diets can impart benefits to the birds’ digestive system. Benefits from pelleting could be improved by using diets with lesser nutrient densities and a pellet-appropriate approach is suggested for broiler-feed formulation. In this strategy, dietary nutrient density must be considered to maximise the benefits from the steam-pelleting process. Identification of the optimum density to be used will warrant further research that also involves the economics. On the basis of available evidence, it is reasonable to assume that nutrient requirements of modern broilers may depend on the feed form and there is a need to determine the nutrient requirements of broilers using pelleted diets.
Insect protein in animal nutrition
Authors: de Souza-Vilela J. , Andrew N. R. , Ruhnke I.
Published: September 2019

Global meat consumption per capita is expected to increase ~40% from 2019 to 2050. Over 30% of the total cropland worldwide is currently being used to produce either livestock and poultry feed or silage to meet the demand. One solution to reduce cropland use for animal feed is to increase the production of alternative protein sources. The primary protein sources for animal nutrition, including soybeans, peas and fish meal, are of increasing demand and are subsequently becoming more expensive, making their long-term use unsustainable. Insects such as the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), crickets (Gryllus testaceus Walker) or mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) offer a viable addition to the feed sources and can provide valuable, high-quality energy, protein and fat to an animal’s diet. Here, we review the environmental benefits of insect feedstuff, current research findings related to the use of insects for animal nutrition, and outline additional products that can generate benefits to insect producers.
Feeding whole grain and phytase to meat chickens: recent Australian experience
Authors: Moss Amy F. , Liu Sonia Yun , Selle Peter H.
Published: September 2019

Both whole-grain feeding and exogenous phytases have been widely accepted by the chicken-meat industry, so any interactions that arise from this combined supplementation are potentially important. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research evaluating the effect of phytase under whole-grain feeding regimens. Whole-grain feeding increases relative gizzard weights and gizzard functionality. However, the gizzard is the primary site of phytate degradation by phytase, so this combined supplementation should enhance phytase efficacy. Moreover, there has been recent progress towards understanding the influence of whole-grain feeding and exogenous phytase on broiler performance, which is discussed. Further research is warranted to establish a whole-grain feeding regimen that generates robust gizzard responses so as to enhance feed efficiency, energy utilisation and phytase efficacy.
Do more mechanistic models increase accuracy of prediction of metabolisable protein supply in ruminants?
Authors: Allen Michael S.
Published: September 2019

Ruminal microbes partially degrade dietary protein and synthesise microbial protein, which, along with undegraded true protein, contributes to metabolisable protein for the animal. Rumen models have been developed over the past several decades in an effort to better predict metabolisable protein supply for ration formulation for ruminants. These models have both empirical and mechanistic components. Separation of dietary protein into fractions that include non-protein nitrogen, true protein and unavailable protein has been a fundamental element of these models. Ruminal degradation of one or more true protein fractions is then estimated on the basis of the kinetics of digestion and passage. Some models use the same method to predict substrate supply for microbial protein production. Although mechanistic models have been extensively used in diet-formulation programs worldwide, their ability to improve accuracy of prediction of metabolisable protein over simpler empirical models is questionable. This article will address the potential of mechanistic models to better predict metabolisable protein supply in ruminants as well as their limitations.
Eutrophication in the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea): response to temperature and precipitation patterns
Authors: Golubkov Mikhail , Golubkov Sergey
Published: September 2019

Estuaries provide valuable ecosystem services but are threatened by eutrophication caused by increasing nutrient concentrations and climatic factors. We tested the hypothesis that cool and rainy weather in midsummer has a stronger stimulatory effect on indicators of eutrophication in the Neva Estuary than warm weather. The analysis showed that the concentration of total phosphorus in the estuary was positively correlated with the amount of precipitation and the number of rainy days in the region. Significant positive relationships were found between precipitation in midsummer and chlorophyll concentrations and plankton primary production in the upper part of the estuary. Chlorophyll concentrations and plankton primary production were higher in years with a rainy and cool July than in years with warm and dry July. Such conditions could negate existing measures to improve water quality in the Neva Estuary, meaning that greater effort will be needed.
The Dean's Certificate of Distinction in Native Hawaiian Health
Authors: Carpenter Dee-Ann , Kamaka Martina , Wong Vanessa , Voloch Kelli-Ann
Published: September 2019

Certificates of Distinction at USA medical schools are given to students who have shown additional commitment and effort in areas such as global health and social justice. In 2014, the Dean’s Certificate of Distinction in Native Hawaiian Health (COD-NHH), at the John A. Burns School of Medicine (JABSOM), was designed to offer more experience and knowledge in Native Hawaiian health, as well as directly benefiting Native Hawaiian communities through personal and cultural growth, service learning and scholarly projects. The COD-NHH utilises the Department of Native Hawaiian Health ‘na pou kihi’ framework represented by a hale (house). This framework embodies the Native Hawaiian holistic view of health and incorporates traditional values and cultural strengths, critical to ensure that students can work comfortably and effectively in our communities. Activities focus on four ‘pou kihi’ (pillars): (1) cultural knowledge and space; (2) community/environmental stewardship; (3) knowledge advancement and dissemination; and (4) social justice. The first cohort received their COD-NHH in May 2017. Interest among JABSOM students is expanding. The COD-NHH, though well received, has required some modification including new technology for data collection of requirements. Feedback from the community is positive and continued community partnerships allow for opportunities of engagement with the student.
Singlet oxygen generation by nanoporous silicon: photoluminescence dynamics in magnetic field
Authors: Aliev Gazi N , Amonkosolpan Jamaree , Wolverson Daniel
Published: September 2019

Singlet oxygen generation in porous silicon (PSi) was investigated by a magneto-optical experiment. Photoluminescence (PL) quenching due to an energy transfer (ET) process mediated by an exchange interaction was monitored in the spectral range 1.4–2.5 eV and in a magnetic field of 0–6 Tesla at different levels of oxygen concentration and excitation pump power. When a magnetic field was applied, both PL recovery and, for magnetic fields below 2 Tesla and high concentrations of oxygen, an unusual additional pump power dependent quenching of the PL was observed. A rate equation model describing the behavior of PL from PSi with oxygen adsorbed at cryogenic temperatures in magnetic field was developed. The model has been expanded to cover the ET process as a function of the nanoparticle size.
Mathematical simulation of stress-strain state of loaded rods with account of transverse bending
Authors: Anarova Sh , Ismoilov Sh
Published: September 2019

Mathematical simulation of stress-strain state of loaded rods with account of transverse bending is considered in the paper. The urgency, the correctness of mathematical statement of the problem, the mathematical model, the computational algorithm and the computational experiments of the problem set are given in the paper. Results are presented in a graphical form. The oscillations of spatially loaded rods are shown. The analysis is made in linear and non-linear statements.
Computational methods of minimization of multiple functions
Authors: Kabulov A V , Normatov I H , Ashurov A O
Published: September 2019

The article discusses computational methods for minimizing multivalued functions. The problems of the minimization of combinational circuits are investigated. An effective heuristic method intended to simplify the canonical forms of arbitrary functions was developed. The method allows to reduce the cost necessary to build a combinational circuit. The proofs of the theorem and definitions about the operation of gluing and absorption to DNF of multivalued functions in the class of disjunctive normal forms are privatized. Examples are given for applying the gluing and absorbing operation to DNF Df
, we obtain abbreviated DNF Dl
.
Investigation of the properties of of reactions-diffusion model solutionswithdouble nonlinearity
Authors: Muhamediyeva D K
Published: September 2019

Analyses show that the central place in the mathematical description of the spatial-temporal dynamics of one or several interacting populations take the task of research of interaction of the migration population processes with demographic. Population models that take into account only the demographic processes are well known and fairly well-developed. This assumption is true if modelled area is quite small compared with the mean free path of individuals, or, equivalently, with a radius of individual activity . If this provision violated, in population models must account migration.
Determination of geometric parameters for flexible splines of wave gearing
Authors: Abakumov A N , Zakharova N V
Published: September 2019

The paper considers the influence of a number of flexspline geometric parameters on the stresses acting in it. The influence of the most significant parameters such as the diameter of the flexible spline and the thickness of its rim under the gear rim is considered. As a result of analysis of the flexspline geometric parameters influence on its load capacity, the recommendations are given for assigning the main dimensions of the spline at the stage of design.
Attitude dynamics of nanosatellite with a module on retractable beams
Authors: Aslanov V S , Doroshin A V , Eremenko A V
Published: September 2019

Attitude dynamics of nanosatellites with a module on retractable beams is considered. The movable module is attached to the main body of the nanosatellite with the help of retractable beams of variable length. The attitude control is fulfilling by the beams length changing that translates the position of the mass center and creates the torque from the jet-engine with constant fixation relative the main body. The movable module can represent the multifunctional element, e.g. telescope, radiometer etc. Such control scheme allows to use the functional module as the simple actuator of the control system. So in this case the control don’t need the presence of special executive bodies.
Computer simulation possibilities of dynamic tests of large-scaled mechanical structures
Authors: Doronin S V , Reizmunt E M
Published: September 2019

The work is devoted to the analysis of the computer simulation capabilities of dynamic testing of large-scaled structures when exposed to acoustic noise, sinusoidal and random vibration, linear acceleration, mechanical single and multiple shocks. The simulation results obtained with regard to the regulatory requirements for the test methods for the action of external influencing factors reflect the effect of the main conceptual and technical solutions of the structures on their dynamic behaviour. Computer simulation of dynamic tests allows, on the one hand, to exclude unacceptable dynamic effects due to unsuccessful design decisions, on the other hand, can be considered as an important part of the design conformity assessment with technical requirements.
Analysis of the Striker Stroke Impact on the Hydropneumatic Impact Devices Energy Performance
Authors: Galdin N S , Semenova I A , Galdin V N
Published: September 2019

The study results of the hydropneumatic impact devices striker movement impact on the energy performance during the operating stroke are presented. The energy parameters of the hydropneumatic impact units include power and single impact energy. The mathematical model of the hydropneumatic impact unit operating process is briefly described. The idle stroke, deceleration, operating stroke of the hydropneumatic impact unit striker are characterized. The software for conducting the hydropneumatic impact unit study is developed. The impact devices energy performance depends on the striker velocity at the time of impact, as well as on the striker mass and stroke. Gas pressure in the pneumatic accumulator also influences the energy performance. The striker velocity and single impact energy graphic dependences on the striker stroke and mass, gas pressure in the pneumatic accumulator are represented. The analysis of the obtained dependences is provided. The velocity at the time of the hydropneumatic impact device tool impact on the ground can vary in a wide range from 4.5 to 8 m/s at the stroke of the striker from 50 to 100 mm. It makes possible to use a hydropneumatic impact device as various replacing equipment of road building machines such as excavators.