bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Weapon Focus Effect in Target‐Present and Target‐Absent Line‐Ups: The Roles of Threat, Novelty, and Timing
Authors: Erickson William Blake , Lampinen James Michael , Leding Juliana K.
Published: January 2014

When an eyewitness suffers an impairment of memory for a perpetrator because the criminal used a weapon during the crime, this impairment is called the weapon focus effect. The literature is split on how this arises: Some implicate the narrowing of attentional cues to the weapon because the arousal of the victim increases, whereas others claim that the weapon is a novel object in most everyday contexts, and novel objects demand more attention than contextually appropriate ones. The current study employed a simulated crime paradigm featuring a normal, novel, or threatening object. Timing of the object's presentation was manipulated such that it was visible before, after, or during the time when the culprit's face was visible. Target‐present and target‐absent line‐ups as well as retrospective questions were administered. Both the novel object and the weapon resulted in increased mistaken identifications in target‐absent line‐ups. Structural equation modeling suggested that object novelty mediated this effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Tribological Behaviors of Epoxy/Phosphazene‐Microspheres Coatings under Dry Sliding Condition
Authors: Zhao Zhengping , Ji Jianbing
Published: January 2014

Using precipitation, polymerization one step to synthesize poly[cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐(4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol)] microspheres (PZs) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol, and filled epoxy matrix to prepare composite coatings to study the thermal and friction modified mechanisms. PZs have average particle diameter of 500 nm, the initial decomposition temperature is 457.5 °C and the solid residual rate at 600 °C is 63.1%. PZs uniformly dispersed in the epoxy matrix and effectively improve the Tg and thermostability of the composite coatings. The frictional coefficient of the epoxy/PZs composite coatings reduced from 0.61 ± 0.02 of pure EP to a minimum 0.38 ± 0.01 and the volumetric wear rate reached a minimum 13.2 × 10−11 mm3 with 3 wt% PZs filling. The SEM morphology of grinding crack showed that PZs microspheres have an obvious wearing resistant effect.
Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Direct CH Bond Alkylation of the C‐7 Position of Indolines with Alkenes
Authors: Pan Shiguang , Ryu Naoto , Shibata Takanori
Published: January 2014

A cationic iridium‐catalyzed C‐7 alkylation of N‐substituted indoline derivatives with various alkenes has been developed. A variety of 7‐alkylindolines were obtained in moderate to high yields. This protocol relies on the use of the carbonyl group on the nitrogen atom of indoline as a directing group and it is potentially applicable to the large‐scale synthesis of 7‐alkylindoles.

magnified image
Global sensitivity analysis applied to drying models for one or a population of granules
Authors: Mortier Séverine Thérèse F. C. , Gernaey Krist V. , De Beer Thomas , Nopens Ingmar
Published: January 2014

The development of mechanistic models for pharmaceutical processes is of increasing importance due to a noticeable shift toward continuous production in the industry. Sensitivity analysis is a powerful tool during the model building process. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA), exploring sensitivity in a broad parameter space, is performed to detect the most sensitive factors in two models, that is, one for drying of a single granule and one for the drying of a population of granules [using population balance model (PBM)], which was extended by including the gas velocity as extra input compared to our earlier work. β2 was found to be the most important factor for the single particle model which is useful information when performing model calibration. For the PBM‐model, the granule radius and gas temperature were found to be most sensitive. The former indicates that granulator performance impacts drying behavior, the latter is informative with respect to the variables that primarily need to be controlled during continuous operation. In addition, several GSA techniques are analyzed and compared with respect to the correct conclusion and computational load. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1700–1717, 2014
Stillbirth: The heart of the matter
Authors: Jorgensen Michael , McPherson Elizabeth , Zaleski Christina , Shivaram Pushpa , Cold Christopher
Published: January 2014

We evaluated 2,083 cases within the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program (WiSSP) that had autopsy reports or ultrasound data relevant to the heart. Of these, 167/1,782 (9.4%) stillbirths after 20 weeks and 11/301 (3.7%) miscarriages <20 weeks had congenital heart disease (CHD). Cases were classified by type of heart defect and whether it related to cause of death. Among cardiac anomalies that contributed significantly to fetal death, 125/151 (83%) were associated with underlying conditions or syndromes, nearly half of which were chromosomal. The most common forms of CHD in stillborns were severe cyanotic lesions (3%), then ventricular (2.6%) and atrial (1.9%) septal defects. Compared to livebirths, this represents a shift toward more severe cardiac lesions, although all comparable categories, including non‐lethal conditions such as atrial septal defect, are more common in stillbirths. Clinical cardiomyopathy was identified as cause of death in 1.2% of stillborns. Cardiomegaly, occurring in 26.7% of all cases and 76.7% of infants born to diabetic mothers, may represent undiagnosed cardiomyopathy and/or may decrease fetal tolerance of hypoxia. In contrast, 78.5% of Turner syndrome infants, all <32 weeks, had small hearts. More attention to cardiac findings can lead to increased understanding of stillbirth causes. Based on our findings, we recommend chromosome studies on all stillbirths and close attention to the heart during second trimester ultrasounds, with chromosome studies offered if CHD is found. Consideration of heart size can result in prenatal identification of infants at risk for stillbirth, particularly large hearts in fetuses of diabetic mothers in the third trimester, which may identify fetal cardiomyopathy before it becomes life‐threatening. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scoliosis and vertebral anomalies: Additional abnormal phenotypes associated with chromosome 16p11.2 rearrangement
Authors: Al‐Kateb Hussam , Khanna Geetika , Filges Isabel , Hauser Natalie , Grange Dorothy K. , Shen Joseph , Smyser Christopher D. , Kulkarni Shashikant , Shinawi Marwan
Published: January 2014

The typical chromosome 16p11.2 rearrangements are estimated to occur at a frequency of approximately 0.6% of all samples tested clinically and have been identified as a major cause of autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, and seizures. Careful examination of patients with these rearrangements revealed association with abnormal head size, obesity, dysmorphism, and congenital abnormalities. In this report, we extend this list of phenotypic abnormalities to include scoliosis and vertebral anomalies. We present detailed characterization of phenotypic and radiological data of 10 new patients, nine with the 16p11.2 deletion and one with the duplication within the coordinates chr16:29,366,195 and 30,306,956 (hg19) with a minimal size of 555 kb. We discuss the phenotypical and radiological findings in our patients and review 5 previously reported patients with 16p11.2 rearrangement and similar skeletal abnormalities. Our data suggest that patients with the recurrent 16p11.2 rearrangement have increased incidence of scoliosis and vertebral anomalies. However, additional studies are required to confirm this observation and to establish the incidence of these anomalies. We discuss the potential implications of our findings on the diagnosis, surveillance and genetic counseling of patients with 16p11.2 rearrangement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concise Synthesis of 3D π‐Extended Polyphenylene Cylinders
Authors: Golling Florian E. , Quernheim Martin , Wagner Manfred , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Müllen Klaus
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of structurally well‐defined, monodisperse carbon nanotube (CNT) sidewall segments poses a challenge in materials science. The synthesis of polyphenylene cylinders that comprise typical benzene connectivity to resemble precursors of [9,9] and [15,15] CNTs is now reported, and the products were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. To investigate the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of ring‐strained molecules as a final step towards a bottom‐up synthesis of CNT sidewall segments, phenylene‐extended cyclic p‐hexaphenylbenzene trimers ([3]CHPB) were prepared, and NMR studies revealed a strain‐induced 1,2‐phenyl shift. It was further shown that an increase in ring size leads to selectively dehydrogenated macrocycles. Larger homologues are envisioned to give smooth condensation reactions toward graphenic sidewalls and should be used in the future as seeds for CNT formation.
Discovery of Inhibitors of Shiga Toxin Type 2 by On‐Plate Generation and Screening of a Focused Compound Library
Authors: Dasgupta Somnath , Kitov Pavel I. , Sadowska Joanna M. , Bundle David R.
Published: January 2014

A new microtiter‐plate‐based method for the rapid generation and evaluation of focused compound libraries was developed and applied to screening ligand analogues for the E. coli Shiga‐like toxin Stx2a. The method is general, it mitigates the masking of intrinsic affinity gains by multivalency and enables the discovery of potential hits when starting from ligands that exhibit extremely low affinity with proteins that depend on multivalency for their function.
Chemoselective Catalytic Conjugate Addition of Alcohols over Amines
Authors: Uesugi Shuhei , Li Zhao , Yazaki Ryo , Ohshima Takashi
Published: January 2014

A highly chemoselective conjugate addition of alcohols in the presence of amines is described. The cooperative nature of the catalyst enabled chemoselective activation of alcohols over amines, allowing the conjugate addition to soft Lewis basic α,β‐unsaturated nitriles. Divergent transformation of the nitrile functionality highlights the utility of the present catalysis.
Large Hexagonal Bi‐ and Trilayer Graphene Single Crystals with Varied Interlayer Rotations
Authors: Yan Zheng , Liu Yuanyue , Ju Long , Peng Zhiwei , Lin Jian , Wang Gunuk , Zhou Haiqing , Xiang Changsheng , Samuel E. L. G. , Kittrell Carter , Artyukhov Vasilii I. , Wang Feng , Yakobson Boris I. , Tour James M.
Published: January 2014

Bi‐ and trilayer graphene have attracted intensive interest due to their rich electronic and optical properties, which are dependent on interlayer rotations. However, the synthesis of high‐quality large‐size bi‐ and trilayer graphene single crystals still remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of 100 μm pyramid‐like hexagonal bi‐ and trilayer graphene single‐crystal domains on Cu foils using chemical vapor deposition is reported. The as‐produced graphene domains show almost exclusively either 0° or 30° interlayer rotations. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that bilayer graphene domains with 0° interlayer stacking angles were Bernal stacked. Based on first‐principle calculations, it is proposed that rotations originate from the graphene nucleation at the Cu step, which explains the origin of the interlayer rotations and agrees well with the experimental observations.
A Photocleavable Masked Nuclear‐Receptor Ligand Enables Temporal Control of C. elegans Development
Authors: Judkins Joshua C. , Mahanti Parag , Hoffman Jacob B. , Yim Isaiah , Antebi Adam , Schroeder Frank C.
Published: January 2014

The development and lifespan of C. elegans are controlled by the nuclear hormone receptor DAF‐12, an important model for the vertebrate vitamin D and liver X receptors. As with its mammalian homologues, DAF‐12 function is regulated by bile acid‐like steroidal ligands; however, tools for investigating their biosynthesis and function in vivo are lacking. A flexible synthesis for DAF‐12 ligands and masked ligand derivatives that enable precise temporal control of DAF‐12 function was developed. For ligand masking, photocleavable amides of 5‐methoxy‐N‐methyl‐2‐nitroaniline (MMNA) were introduced. MMNA‐masked ligands are bioavailable and after incorporation into the worm, brief UV irradiation can be used to trigger the expression of DAF‐12 target genes and initiate development from dauer larvae into adults. The in vivo release of DAF‐12 ligands and other small‐molecule signals by using photocleavable MMNA‐masked ligands will enable functional studies with precise spatial and temporal resolution.
The Prodrug Platin‐A: Simultaneous Release of Cisplatin and Aspirin
Authors: Pathak Rakesh K. , Marrache Sean , Choi Joshua H. , Berding Trenton B. , Dhar Shanta
Published: January 2014

Cancer‐associated inflammation induces tumor progression to the metastatic stage, thus indicating that a chemo‐anti‐inflammatory strategy is of interest for the management of aggressive cancers. The platinum(IV) prodrug Platin‐A was designed to release cisplatin and aspirin to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity caused by cisplatin. Platin‐A exhibited anticancer and anti‐inflammatory properties which are better than a combination of cisplatin and aspirin. These findings highlight the advantages of combining anti‐inflammatory treatment with chemotherapy when both the drugs are delivered in the form of a single prodrug.
Temperature‐Responsive Microgel Films as Reversible Carbon Dioxide Absorbents in Wet Environment
Authors: Yue Mengchen , Hoshino Yu , Ohshiro Yukinori , Imamura Kazushi , Miura Yoshiko
Published: January 2014

Hydrogel films composed of temperature‐responsive microgel particles (GPs) containing amine groups work as stimuli‐responsive carbon dioxide absorbent with a high capacity of approximately 1.7 mmol g−1. Although the dried films did not show significant absorption, the reversible absorption capacity dramatically increased by adding a small amount of water (1 mL g−1). The absorption capacity was independent of the amount of added water beyond 1 mL g−1, demonstrating that the GP films can readily be used under wet conditions. The amount of CO2 absorbed by the GP films was proportional to their thickness up to 200–300 μm (maximum capacity of about 2 L m−2). Furthermore, the films consisting of GPs showed faster and greater absorption and desorption of CO2 than that of monolithic hydrogel films. These results indicated the importance of a fast stimulus response rate of the films that are composed of GPs in order to achieve long‐range and fast diffusion of bicarbonate ions. Our study revealed the potential of stimuli‐responsive GP films as energy‐efficient absorbents to sequester CO2 from high‐humidity exhaust gases.
Preparation, antitumor activity in mice, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats of di‐n‐butyl‐di‐(4‐chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin(IV) liposome
Authors: Ge Rui , Wang Yi‐Jie , Tang Li , Cheng Jing‐Min , Han Ling‐Ge , Li Yun‐Lan , Li Qing‐Shan
Published: January 2014

Di‐n‐butyl‐di‐(4‐chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin(IV) (DBDCT) is an antitumor compound with high activity and relatively low bioavailability. In order to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics and raise its therapeutic index, a liposome of DBDCT (DBDCT‐L) was prepared for the first time. A study of the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous administration of DBDCT‐L compared with free DBDCT to rats was investigated. DBDCT‐L showed a slower clearance, increased half‐time and a larger AUC value than those of free DBDCT, which demonstrated that DBDCT‐L could significantly alter the tissue distribution pattern of DBDCT in rats. The highest concentration distribution for DBDCT‐L was detected in liver, which may be associated with the enhanced antitumor activity in vivo against hepatocellular carcinoma H22 and possible target release of the compound. Acute toxicity assay showed that the LD50 value of DBDCT‐L was higher than that of free DBDCT. Further in vivo antitumor test showed that DBDCT‐L displayed higher antitumor activity against the hepatocellular carcinoma H22 than free DBDCT, indicating that the liposome could prolong the action time of DBDCT in the system circulation, change its distribution in rats, reduce acute toxicity and finally increase antitumor activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon nanotubes inhibit the free‐radical cross‐linking of siloxane polymers
Authors: Li Zhuo , Moon Kyoung‐sik , Lin Ziyin , Yao Yagang , Wilkins Stewart , Wong C. P.
Published: January 2014

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are found to inhibit the free‐radical cross‐linking of vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by trapping the free radicals in a CNT/PDMS composite. The cross‐linking density values measured by swelling test, equilibrium stress‐strain test, glass‐transition temperature and Raman spectroscopy all decrease with the addition of CNTs. The inhibition effect is shown to be more significant with increased functionality and curvature in the CNTs used. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40355.
Adaptability of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide/mixed‐surfactant combination flooding system to the Shengli Chengdao oilfield
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Min , Guo Yong‐Jun , Liu Jian‐Xin , Zhu Yang‐Wen , Hu Jun , Feng Ru‐Sen , Fu Chun‐Yan
Published: January 2014

We investigated the performance of a combination flooding system composed of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) and a mixed surfactant [fatty acid disulfonate anionic gemini surfactant (DMES) plus the nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 (TX‐100)] under the reservoir conditions of the Shengli Chengdao oilfield. With 1800 mg/L HAPAM and 300–3000 mg/L mixed surfactant, the surfactant–polymer (SP) flooding system reached an ultralow oil–water interfacial tension, and the viscosity of the system was greater than 40 mPa s. After the solution was aged for 120 days, its viscosity was still more than 40 mPa s; this indicated a good aging stability. The core flooding experiments with different porous media permeabilities showed that the SP flooding system created a higher resistance factor and residual resistance factor. In addition, the indoor flooding experiments indicated that the SP combination flooding system increased the enhanced oil recovery by more than 30% over that of the original oil in place compared with the water flooding system. Therefore, it was feasible to use an SP flooding system in the Chengdao oilfield. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40390.
Modeling transit technology selection in a linear transportation corridor
Authors: Chen Ya‐Juan , Li Zhi‐Chun , Lam William H. K.
Published: January 2014

This paper proposes an analytical model for investigating transit technology selection problem from a perspective of transit authority. Given a transit technology alternative (e.g., metro, light rail transit, or bus rapid transit), the proposed model aims to maximize the social welfare of the transit system by determining the optimal combination of transit line length, number of stations, station location (or spacing), headway, and fare. In the proposed model, the effects of passenger demand elasticity and capacity constraint are explicitly considered. The properties of the model are examined analytically, and a heuristic solution procedure for determining the model solution is presented. By comparing the optimized social welfare for different transit technology alternatives, the optimal transit technology solution can be obtained together with critical population density. On the basis of a simple population growth rate formula, optimal investment timing of a new transit technology can be estimated. The proposed methodology is illustrated in several Chinese cities. Insightful findings are reported on the interrelation among transit technology selection, population density, transit investment cost, and transit line parameter design as well as the comparison between social welfare maximization and profit maximization regimes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hollow fiber bioreactor as a stroma‐supported, serum‐free ex vivo expansion platform for human umbilical cord blood cells
Authors: Xue Cao , Kwek Kenneth Y. C. , Chan Jerry K. Y. , Chen Qingfeng , Lim Mayasari
Published: January 2014

The bone marrow microenvironment plays an integral role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Residing stromal cells and the extracellular matrix in the bone marrow microenvironment provide biological signals that control hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. In this study, we developed a bio‐mimetic co‐culture platform using the hollow fiber bioreactor (HFBR) for ex vivo expansion of HSCs. We evaluated the efficacy of such a platform in comparison to standard cultures performed on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP), using a human stromal cell line (HS‐5) as stromal support, co‐cultured with lineage‐depleted human cord blood cells in serum‐free medium supplemented with a cytokine cocktail. Our results showed that the performance of the HFBR in supporting total cell and CD34+ progenitor cell expansion was comparable to that of cultures on TCP. Cells harvested from the HFBR had a higher clonogenic ability. The performance of ex vivo‐expanded cells from the HFBR in hematopoietic reconstitution in humanized mice was comparable to that of the TCP control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that stroma cell growth inside the HFBR created a three‐dimensional cell matrix architecture. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the HFBR for creating a complex cell matrix architecture, which may provide good in vitro mimicry of the bone marrow, supporting large‐scale expansion of HSCs.
Reduced graphene oxide hydrogels and xerogels provide efficient platforms for immobilization and laccase production by Trametes pubescens
Authors: Rodriguez‐Couto Susana , Arzac Alejandro , Leal Gracia Patricia , Tomovska Radmila
Published: January 2014

Fungal immobilization is an interesting topic in enzyme production and bioprocess development. The properties of graphene (i.e. large surface area, hydrophobicity), together with the possibility of producing it at low cost and with tailor‐made properties, make this popular material worthy of investigation as a support for fungal immobilization. In the present paper, 3D‐organized structures of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in hydrogels and their dried derivatives (xerogels) were synthesized, characterized and investigated as potential supports for the immobilization of the white‐rot fungus Trametes pubescens. It was found that the morphology of the hydrogels and xerogels was not influenced by the synthesis conditions; however the 3D structure was preserved after drying and formation of xerogels. Both, hydrogels and xerogels have been shown to be suitable supports for the immobilization of T. pubescens. Additionally, xerogels promoted increased laccase activities and maximum activity values of about 20 ± 1 U/mL were attained. These activities were much higher than those obtained with other well‐known inert supports. Nevertheless, no relationship between support morphology and productivity was found. The encouraging results obtained have paved the way for the development of novel graphene‐based supports for microorganism immobilization.
Purification of chimeric heavy chain monoclonal antibody EG2‐hFc using hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography: An alternative to protein‐A affinity chromatography
Authors: Sadavarte Rahul , Spearman Maureen , Okun Natalie , Butler Michael , Ghosh Raja
Published: January 2014

Heavy chain monoclonal antibodies are being considered as alternative to whole‐IgG monoclonal antibodies for certain niche applications. Protein‐A chromatography which is widely used for purifying IgG monoclonal antibodies is also used for purifying heavy chain monoclonal antibodies as these molecules possess fully functional Fc regions. However, the acidic conditions used to elute bound antibody may sometimes also leach protein‐A, which is immunotoxic. Low pH conditions also tend to make the mAb molecules unstable and prone to aggregation. Moreover, protein‐A affinity chromatography does not remove aggregates already present in the feed. Hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography (or HIMC) has already been studied as an alternative to protein‐A chromatography for purifying whole‐IgG monoclonal antibodies. This paper describes the use of HIMC for capturing a humanized chimeric heavy chain monoclonal antibody (EG2‐hFC). Binding and eluting conditions were suitably optimized using pure EG2‐hFC. Based on this, an HIMC method was developed for capture of EG2‐hFC directly from cell culture supernatant. The EG2‐hFc purity obtained in this single‐step process was high. The glycan profiles of protein‐A and HIMC purified monoclonal antibody samples were similar, clearly demonstrating that both techniques captured similarly glycosylated population of EG2‐hFc. Moreover, this technique was able to resolve aggregates from monomeric form of the EG2‐hFc. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1139–1149. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein‐coated polymer as a matrix for enzyme immobilization: Immobilization of trypsin on bovine serum albumin‐coated allyl glycidyl ether–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer
Authors: Jasti Lakshmi Swarnalatha , Dola Sandhya Rani , Kumaraguru Thenkrishnan , Bajja Sreedhar , Fadnavis Nitin W. , Addepally Uma , Rajdeo Kishor , Ponrathnam Surendra , Deokar Sarika
Published: January 2014

Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) copolymer with 25% crosslink density (AGE‐25) shows excellent bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption (up to 16% (w/w)) at pH 8.0 and the adsorbed BSA is strongly bound. This protein‐coated polymer provides a novel matrix with naturally existing functional groups such as thiol, amino, and carboxylic acid that are available for covalent immobilization of functional enzymes. Employing appropriate strategies, trypsin as a model protein was covalently bound to BSA‐coated matrix both independently, and in a stepwise manner on the same matrix, with less than 5% loss of enzyme activity during immobilization. Glutaraldehyde crosslinking after immobilization provide stable enzyme preparation with activity of 510 units/g recycled up to six times without loss of enzyme activity. AFM studies reveal that the polymer surface has protein peaks and valleys rather than a uniform monolayer distribution of the protein and the immobilized enzyme preparation can best be described as polymer supported cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:317–323, 2014
High‐throughput miniaturized bioreactors for cell culture process development: Reproducibility, scalability, and control
Authors: Rameez Shahid , Mostafa Sigma S. , Miller Christopher , Shukla Abhinav A.
Published: January 2014

Decreasing the timeframe for cell culture process development has been a key goal toward accelerating biopharmaceutical development. Advanced Microscale Bioreactors (ambr™) is an automated micro‐bioreactor system with miniature single‐use bioreactors with a 10–15 mL working volume controlled by an automated workstation. This system was compared to conventional bioreactor systems in terms of its performance for the production of a monoclonal antibody in a recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line. The miniaturized bioreactor system was found to produce cell culture profiles that matched across scales to 3 L, 15 L, and 200 L stirred tank bioreactors. The processes used in this article involve complex feed formulations, perturbations, and strict process control within the design space, which are in‐line with processes used for commercial scale manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals. Changes to important process parameters in ambr™ resulted in predictable cell growth, viability and titer changes, which were in good agreement to data from the conventional larger scale bioreactors. ambr™ was found to successfully reproduce variations in temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH conditions similar to the larger bioreactor systems. Additionally, the miniature bioreactors were found to react well to perturbations in pH and DO through adjustments to the Proportional and Integral control loop. The data presented here demonstrates the utility of the ambr™ system as a high throughput system for cell culture process development. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:718–727, 2014
Involvement of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways on Interleukin‐33‐induced RANKL expression in osteoblastic cells
Authors: Mine Yuichi , Makihira Seicho , Yamaguchi Yu , Tanaka Hideki , Nikawa Hiroki
Published: January 2014

The receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is a well‐known key factor in osteoclast differentiation, and osteoblastic lineage cells are the major sources of RANKL and OPG in local bone tissue. Recently, a new molecule from the interleukin (IL)‐1 family, IL‐33, was identified. Here, we report the possible involvement of IL‐33 in RANKL and OPG expression, and the signaling pathways that are required for maximal IL‐33‐induced RANKL expression in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. Stimulation with IL‐33 increased the mRNA expression and secretion of RANKL in MC3T3‐E1 cells. The IL‐33‐induced RANKL mRNA expression was inhibited by an anti‐IL‐33 monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, ERK and p38 MAPK inhibitors, but not a JNK inhibitor, suppressed IL‐33‐induced RANKL mRNA expression. On the other hand, IL‐33 had no effect on OPG mRNA expression and protein secretion. These results taken together suggest that IL‐33 stimulates RANKL expression through mechanisms dependent on the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in MC3T3‐E1 cells.
Late presenting, contained rupture of the superficial femoral artery following atherectomy and stenting: Case report and literature review
Authors: Clegg Stacey , Aghel Arash , Rogers R. Kevin
Published: January 2014

Excisional atherectomy alone or followed by stenting is considered an appropriate treatment strategy for patients with lifestyle‐limiting claudication due to obstructive infra‐inguinal peripheral arterial disease (Ramaiah et al., J Endovasc Ther 2006;13:592–6021). We present a case of a 69‐year‐old man with eccentric severely calcified disease of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) treated with excisional atherectomy followed by stenting with an interwoven nitinol stent. The procedure was complicated by extravascular stent migration associated with a contained rupture presenting 30 days after the intervention. The complication was successfully treated with a stent graft. Although rare, pseudoaneurysms have been reported at the site of prior atherectomy; however, this case is the first description of a contained rupture post atherectomy associated with erosion of a nitinol stent into an extra‐luminal position. The mechanism and management of this complication are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Simmons–Smith Cyclopropanation Promoted by Chiral Heteroorganic Aziridinyl Ligands
Authors: Rachwalski Michał , Kaczmarczyk Sylwia , Leśniak Stanisław , Kiełbasiński Piotr
Published: January 2014

Enantiomerically pure heteroorganic catalysts, bearing a hydroxy moiety, a stereogenic sulfinyl group, and a chiral aziridine moiety, have proved highly efficient in the asymmetric Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols, which generates the desired products in high yields (up to 95 %) and with ee values up to 94 %. The effect of the stereogenic centers at the sulfinyl sulfur atom and in the aziridine moiety on the stereochemical course of the title reaction is discussed.
Algorithms for multi‐group PLS
Authors: Eslami Aida , Qannari El Mostafa , Kohler Achim , Bougeard Stéphanie
Published: January 2014

Several approaches of investigation of the relationships between two datasets where the individuals are structured into groups are discussed. These strategies fit within the framework of partial least squares (PLS) regression. Each strategy of analysis is introduced on the basis of a maximization criterion, which involves the covariances between components associated with the groups of individuals in each dataset. Thereafter, algorithms are proposed to solve these maximization problems. The strategies of analysis can be considered as extensions of multi‐group principal components analysis to the context of PLS regression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Insights into the Nature of Observable Reaction Intermediates in Cytochrome P450 NO Reductase by Using a Combination of Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Calculations
Authors: Riplinger Christoph , Bill Eckhard , Daiber Andreas , Ullrich Volker , Shoun Hirofumi , Neese Frank
Published: January 2014

Cytochrome P450 NO reductase is an unusual member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. It catalyzes the reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide. The reaction intermediates were studied in detail by a combination of experimental and computational methods. They have been characterized experimentally by UV/Vis, EPR, Mössbauer, and MCD spectroscopy. In conjunction with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, we sought to characterize the resting state and the two detectable intermediates in detail and to elucidate the nature of the key intermediate I of the reaction. Six possible candidates were taken into account for the unknown key intermediate in the computational study, differing in protonation state and electronic structure. Two out of the six candidates could be identified as putative intermediates I with the help of the spectroscopic data: singlet diradicals FeIII‐NHO.− and FeIII‐NHOH.. In a companion publication (C. Riplinger, F. Neese, ChemPhysChem­ 2011, 12, 3192) we have used QM/MM models based on these structures and performed a kinetic simulation. The combination of these two studies shows the nature of the key intermediate to be the singlet diradical, FeIII‐NHOH..
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Red‐Emitting Thienyl‐BODIPYs and Bovine Serum Albumin Labeling
Authors: Poirel Arnaud , Retailleau Pascal , De Nicola Antoinette , Ziessel Raymond
Published: January 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Raymond Ziessel at the University of Strasbourg. The image depicts the bright red fluorescence of a probe, both free in aqueous solution and when covalently linked to a model protein, such as BSA. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201303988.
ChemInform Abstract: Lead‐Flux Growth of Eu4Ir8As7 Crystals.
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Poettgen Rainer
Published: January 2014

Single crystals of the title compound are grown from the elements in a lead flux (1370 K, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of GdZn3.
Authors: Bigun Inna , Kalychak Yaroslav M.
Published: January 2014

GdZn3 is obtained in the attempt to prepare Gd30Zn65In5 and Gd25Zn70In5 by melting of the elements (corundum crucible, evacuated quartz tube, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Encapsulated Monoclinic Sulfur for Stable Cycling of Li—S Rechargeable Batteries.
Authors: Moon San , Jung Young Hwa , Jung Wook Ki , Jung Dae Soo , Choi Jang Wook , Kim Do Kyung
Published: January 2014

An encapsulated sulfur electrode for Li—S rechargeable batteries consisting of well aligned monoclinic sulfur nanowires completely covered by a minimal amount of carbon shows excellent electrical performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Oxazolines as a New Class of Organocatalyst for the Direct Intermolecular Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Between Acetone and Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Saiyed Akeel S. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of chiral amino oxazolines is described and the utility of the products is demonstrated in the asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone with reactive carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Divergence in the Formation of Organic Carbonates Derived from Internal Epoxides.
Authors: Whiteoak Christopher J. , Martin Eddy , Escudero‐Adan Eduardo , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: January 2014

The stereochemical outcome of the reaction is determined by the configuration of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Organolithiums Mediated by Recoverable Siloxane Transfer Agents.
Authors: Nguyen Minh H. , Smith Amos B. III
Published: January 2014

The use of the siloxane transfer agent enables the direct electrophilic amination of organolithium substrates under mild and simple conditions without the use of stoichiometric amounts of toxic heavy metals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Ethers from Aromatic Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Bhadra Sukalyan , Dzik Wojciech I. , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: January 2014

Two complementary protocols allow the decarboxylative etherification of aromatic carboxylate salts, and the alkoxy groups can be selectively installed in the ipso or in the ortho position.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinones Synthesis via Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Dihydroxy Arenes Catalyzed by Homogeneous and Macroporous‐Polymer‐Supported Ruthenium Catalysts.
Authors: Abu‐Elfotoh Abdel‐Moneim , Tsuzuki Kazuyuki , Nguyen Tram Bao , Chanthamath Soda , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji
Published: January 2014

The polymer‐supported catalyst PSR furnishes similar yields but longer reaction times are required (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: MnO2 Promoted Sequential C—O and C—N Bond Formation via C—H Activation of Methylarenes: A New Approach to Amides.
Authors: Vanjari Rajeshwer , Guntreddi Tirumaleswararao , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: January 2014

The reaction proceeds via in situ generated N‐chloroamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium Perrhenate Ionic Liquids as Efficient Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfones.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Su , Yue Shuang , Cokoja Mirza , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Zang Shu‐Liang , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: January 2014

The utilization of a new perrhenate containing ionic liquid for the efficient, environmentally friendly oxidation of a broad range of aryl and alkyl sulfides to the corresponding sulfones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aroylguanidines by an Unexpected Demethylation—Addition Cascade.
Authors: Gu Ling Hui , Guo Zhen , He Ling , Qi Qing Rong
Published: January 2014

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds starting from readily available N‐cyanoimidates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/1,10‐phen/PEG Promoted Decarboxylation of 2,3‐Diarylacrylic Acids: Synthesis of Stilbenes under Neutral and Microwave Conditions with an in situ Generated Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Zou Yong , Huang Qi , Huang Tong‐kun , Ni Qing‐chun , Zhang En‐sheng , Xu Tian‐long , Yuan Mu , Li Jun
Published: January 2014

The in situ generated [CuI(1,10‐phen)]2 complex, which can easily be recovered from the reaction mixture, reveals high catalytic activity and reusability.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Annulation of Aryl Iodides with Alkynes.
Authors: Komeyama Kimihiro , Kashihara Tetsuya , Takaki Ken
Published: January 2014

A cobalt‐catalyzed approach for the concise synthesis of naphthalenes by the annulation of aryl iodides with symmetrical alkynes is disclosed.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Aziridination of Styrene Derivatives with Iminoiodinane Catalyzed by a Combination of Iodine and Ammonium Iodide.
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Kosaka Tomoki , Minakata Satoshi
Published: January 2014

This novel method can also be used for the aziridination of fullerenes whereas, only poor conversion is observed for aliphatic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Polyfunctionalized Imidazolidines.
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Karimi Mohsen Karbalaei , Razeghi Reza
Published: January 2014

A facile one‐pot stereoselective synthesis of novel trans‐4,5‐dihydroxy‐imidazolidines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐one Thiazol‐2‐ylhydrazones.
Authors: Biitseva Angelina , Groth Ulrich , Hordiyenko Olga
Published: January 2014

The title compounds are obtained by reaction of phthalonitrile with thiosemicarbazide and α‐haloketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐Promoted Ligand‐Free CuI Catalyzed S‐Arylation of 2‐Mercaptobenzothiazoles with Aryl Iodides in Water.
Authors: He Guozhen , Huang Yuan , Tong Yao , Zhang Jie , Zhao Dan , Zhou Shuangli , Han Shiqing
Published: January 2014

An efficient method for the cross‐coupling of 2‐mercaptobenzothiazoles with aryl iodides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Iodo‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Organic Azides and Terminal Alkynes: Ligand Acceleration Effect, Substrate Scope, and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Barsoum David N. , Brassard Christopher J. , Deeb Jason H. A. , Okashah Najeah , Sreenath Kesavapillai , Simmons J. Tyler , Zhu Lei
Published: January 2014

The improved method for the selective formation of 5‐iodo‐1,2,3‐triazoles proceeds via an iodoalkyne intermediate under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of the Versatile Intermediate Tetraethyl Vinylidenebisphosphonate.
Authors: Ferrer‐Casal Mariana , Barboza Alejandro P. , Szajnman Sergio H. , Rodriguez Juan B.
Published: January 2014

The use of the title phosphonate as dipolarophile in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions with azides, nitrile oxides, and azomethine ylides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: SnCl2/Nano SiO2: A Green and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized 4H‐Pyrans
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Teymuri Raheleh , Shahbazi‐Alavi Hossein , Ziarati Abolfazl
Published: January 2014

via a one‐pot multicomponent cyclocondensation of aromatic aldehydes with CH acids, malononitrile and ethyl acetoacetate
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of New Coumarin Based 3‐Cyanopyridine Scaffolds Bearing Sulfonamide Group Having Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Desai N. C. , Satodiya H. M. , Rajpara K. M. , Joshi V. V. , Vaghani H. V.
Published: January 2014

A variety of new chromenylpyridinyl sulfonamides (VI) (13 examples) are synthesized and screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Pot 2,3‐Diarylquinazolinone Formation from 2‐Nitrobenzamides and Alcohols.
Authors: Wang Huamin , Cao Xiangxiang , Xiao Fuhong , Liu Saiwen , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: January 2014

This method is suitable for benzylic alcohol derivatives (II), but not for simple aliphatic alcohols (e.
ChemInform Abstract: New Biologically Active Allelochemical from Seeds of Cassia absus Linn.
Authors: Yadava R. N. , Vishwakarma Umesh Kumar
Published: January 2014

New compound (I), isolated together with two known compounds, exhibits high antibacterial activities against P.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Anodes for Next Generation Secondary Batteries
Authors: Kim Hansu , Jeong Goojin , Kim Young‐Ugk , Kim Jae‐Hun , Park Cheol‐Min , Sohn Hun‐Joon
Published: January 2014

Review: focus on metallic Li anodes, but Mg, Na, Al, and Zn electrodes are included; 286 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for Optimizing Water‐exchange Rates of Lanthanide‐based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Siriwardena‐Mahanama Buddhima N. , Allen Matthew J.
Published: January 2014

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination and Organometallic Compounds as Precursors of Classic and Less‐Common Nanostructures: Recent Advances
Authors: Kharisov Boris I. , Kharissova Oxana V. , Ortiz Mendez Ubaldo
Published: January 2014

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Fragmentation: Origins and Recent Applications
Authors: Drahl Michael A. , Manpadi Madhuri , Williams Lawrence J.
Published: January 2014

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sialic Acid‐containing Saccharides
Authors: Adak Avijit K. , Yu Ching‐Ching , Liang Chien‐Fu , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: January 2014

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Fossey John S. , Baranoff Etienne
Published: January 2014

Review: literature from the organometallic arena appearing in 2012; 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: .Sigma.‐Bond Metathesis: A 30‐Year Retrospective
Authors: Waterman Rory
Published: January 2014

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Small Molecule Epithelial Sodium Channel Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics in Cystic Fibrosis ‐ a Patent Evaluation
Authors: Schoenberger Matthias , Althaus Mike
Published: January 2014

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Based Solvents: An Emerging Generation of Fluids for the Design of Eco‐Efficient Processes in Catalysis and Organic Chemistry
Authors: Gu Yanlong , Jerome Francois
Published: January 2014

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward a Platform for Comprehensive Glycan Sequencing
Authors: Reinhold Vernon , Zhang Hailong , Hanneman Andrew , Ashline David
Published: January 2014

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shine a Light on Immobilized Enzymes: Real‐time Sensing in Solid Supported Biocatalysts
Authors: Bolivar Juan M. , Consolati Tanja , Mayr Torsten , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: January 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hard X‐Ray Spectroscopic Nano‐Imaging of Hierarchical Functional Materials at Work
Authors: Andrews Joy C. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: January 2014

Review: elucidation of the hierarchical structure and related chemistry of catalytic slids in action under realistic reaction conditions
Recurrence of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Restored Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Park Jin‐Sun , Kim Jin‐Woo , Seo Kyoung‐Woo , Choi Byoung‐Joo , Choi So‐Yeon , Yoon Myeong‐Ho , Hwang Gyo‐Seung , Tahk Seung‐Jea , Shin Joon‐Han
Published: January 2014

Background

In some patients with nonischemic idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), left ventricular (LV) dysfunction improves spontaneously but can recur. The factors predicting recurrence of LV dysfunction in recovered idiopathic DCM are poorly defined. We investigated the clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables affecting recurrence of LV dysfunction in patients who recovered from DCM.

Hypothesis

The recurrence of LV dysfunction in recovered idiopathic DCM is impacted by clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables.

Methods

The study comprised 85 consecutively enrolled patients (62 males, age 57 ± 16 years) with DCM who achieved a restoration of LV systolic function. Patients were followed up for 50 ± 33 months after recovery from LV dysfunction without discontinuation of standard medication for heart failure with depressed ejection fraction. Clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables were analyzed to identify factors independently associated with recurrence of LV dysfunction.

Results

LV dysfunction recurred in 33 patients (23 males, age 64 ± 12 years). Univariate analysis revealed that age, duration from initial presentation to recovery time, diabetes, and LV end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDD) at initial presentation were associated with recurrence of LV dysfunction. Multivariate analysis revealed that only age, diabetes, and LVEDD at initial presentation were independent predictors in patients who recovered from LV dysfunction.

Conclusions

The recurrence of LV dysfunction was significantly correlated with age, presence of diabetes, and LVEDD at initial presentation. Clinicians should consider maintenance of intensive care to patients who recovered from DCM with these factors.