bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destructive Controlled-Phase Gate using Linear Optics
Authors: Shringarpure S. U. , Franson J. D.
Published: August 2021

Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn showed that linear optics techniques could be used to implement a nonlinear sign gate. They also showed that two of their nonlinear sign gates could be combined to implement a controlled-phase gate, which has a number of practical applications. Here we describe an alternative implementation of a controlled-phase gate that only requires the use of a single nonlinear sign gate. This gives a much higher average probability of success when the required ancilla photons are generated using heralding techniques. This implementation of a controlled-phase gate destroys the control qubit, which is acceptable in a number of applications where the control qubit would have been destroyed in any event, such as in a postselection process.
A type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody efficiently depletes CNS B cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tacke Sabine , Chunder Rittika , Schropp Verena , Kirchner Philipp , Ekici Arif B. , Urich Eduard , Kuerten Stefanie
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSuccessful therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has reinforced the key role of B cells in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. While treatment with currently available anti-CD20 mAbs results in rapid and robust elimination of vascular B cells, B cells residing within compartments of the central nervous system (CNS) are not well targeted. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a novel class of anti-CD20 mAbs on vascular and extravascular CNS-infiltrating B cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. MethodsMale double transgenic hCD20xhIgR3 mice and male wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected with human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)1–125 to induce chronic EAE. On days 19, 22, and 25 after immunization, the hCD20xhIgR3 mice were injected intravenously with an anti-human CD20 mAb (5 mg/kg), either rituximab (a type I anti-CD20 mAb) or obinutuzumab (a type II humanized anti-CD20 mAb). The B6 mice received a dose of the murine anti-mouse CD20 antibody 18B12. Development of EAE was assessed daily. Seven days after the last injection, mice were euthanized, splenic B-cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry, and differential gene expression determined by single-cell RNA sequencing. Total serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and anti-MOG1–125 IgG titers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reduction in CNS-infiltrated CD19+ and CD3+ cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural CNS pathology was studied by transmission electron microscopy. ResultsTreatment with either anti-CD20 mAb had no effect on the clinical course of the disease, animal weight, or serum antibody levels. Obinutuzumab was superior to rituximab in reducing both splenic and CNS-infiltrated B cells. At the single-cell level, obinutuzumab showed pronounced effects on germinal center B cells as well as on CD4+ T cells, which acquired a regulatory-gene signature. In addition, obinutuzumab had beneficial effects on spinal cord myelination. B-cell depletion rates in the 18B12/B6 model were comparable with those observed in obinutuzumab-treated hCD20xhIgR3 mice. ConclusionsOur results demonstrate differential effects of anti-CD20 mAbs on peripheral immune response and CNS pathology, with type II antibodies potentially being superior to type I in the depletion of tissue-infiltrating B cells.
Effective Properties of Semitransparent Radiative Cooling Materials With Spectrally Variable Properties
Authors: Kishore Ravi Anant , Booten Chuck , Wijesuriya Sajith
Published: August 2021

Radiation cooling is a promising solid-state, non-vapor-compression technology for passive refrigeration and air conditioning. Although this phenomenon occurs naturally, achieving a significant amount of cooling to make it a technically and economically viable technology requires highly engineered, spectrally selective radiative surfaces. These characteristics make radiation cooling difficult to estimate, particularly when it is integrated with other systems such as photovoltaic panels or building envelopes. The complexity further increases when the substrate also participates in the radiative cooling (along with the radiative coating). Energy estimation is becoming increasingly critical because of the recent focus on the semitransparent radiative coatings that transmit a variety of colors to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the system. Here, we propose a simple iterative method to calculate the effective radiative properties, which provide the same net radiative cooling that would be observed using the spectral properties at both the coating and substrate surfaces. Compared to traditional methods that rely on either computationally expensive full spectral analysis or methods for averaging each radiative surface parameter locally, our proposed method focuses on calculating effective properties that provide the same the net cooling effect as a full spectral analysis by accounting the emissivity, absorptivity, and transmissivity collectively, thereby providing an overall estimation error of less than 0.2%. We believe that this study will be beneficial to the engineering communities that employ complex simulation codes and require lumped solar and thermal radiation related parameters.
Influence of National Essential Public Health Services Policy on Expenditure for Hypertension in China: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis
Authors: Xue Long , Sui Mengyun , He YunZhen , Li Hongzheng , Liu Ziyan , Sheng Huilin , Ying Xiaohua
Published: August 2021

Background: The prevention and control of hypertension should be an effective way to reduce deaths and it has been a high priority in China. The Chinese government issued the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) in 2009; this initiative provides free public health services to meet the challenges posed by hypertension. It includes health education, regular health checkups, and regular follow-ups provided to patients with hypertension aged ≥ 35. This study explored the influence of the NEPHSP on outpatient and inpatient expenditure among patients with hypertension. Methods: Data were mined from the 2011–2015 Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The dependent variables were the outpatient and inpatient expenditure of patients with hypertension. The independent variable was defined as whether covered by the NEPHSP in 2013 or 2015. Using propensity score matching (PSM) to match the individual characteristics of hypertension in the NEPHSP-covered group and the NEPHSP-uncovered group, Tobit regression models with difference-in-differences (DID) were used to analyze the outcomes. Results: After PSM, of the 1,956 hypertensive participants, 369 had physical exams covered by the NEPHSP in 2013 and 2015. In 2013 and 2015, the outpatient and inpatient expenses of patients with hypertension increased compared with 2011. A DID estimate for the NEPHSP-covered service was associated with a marginal significant decrease of RMB 319.79 (p = 0.586) and RMB 1072.02 (p = 0.068) in hypertension inpatient expected expenditure in 2013 and 2015, respectively. The DID estimate showed no significant change among outpatient expected expenditure. Conclusions: The NEPHSP may reduce inpatient expenditure among patients with hypertension. Further strengthening of the NEPHSP may reduce their burden.
Clusters Formed by Dumbbell-like One-Patch Particles Confined in Thin Systems
Authors: Sato Masahide
Published: August 2021

Performing isothermal-isochoric Monte Carlo simulations, I examine the types of clusters that dumbbell-like one–patch particles form in thin space between two parallel walls, assuming that each particle is synthesized through the merging of two particles, one non-attracting and the other attracting for which, for example, the inter-particle interaction is approximated by the DLVO model. The shape of these dumbbell-like particles is controlled by the ratio of the diameters q of the two spherical particles and by the dimensionless distance l between them. Using a modified Kern–Frenkel potential, I examine the dependence of the cluster shape on l and q. Large island-like clusters are created when q < 1. With increasing q, the clusters become chain-like. When q increases further, elongated clusters and regular polygonal clusters are created. In hte simulations, the cluster shape becomes three-dimensional with increasing l because the thickness of the thin system increases proportionally to l.
Utilization of bitumen modified with pet bottles as an alternative binder for the production of paving blocks
Authors: Awolusi T.F. , Oguntayo D.O , Babalola O.E , Ajamu S.O , Natie F.D , Aladegboye O
Published: August 2021

This study considers the utilization of bitumen modified with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles waste as an alternative binder in paving blocks. The optimum bitumen content of asphalt concrete was modified with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of PET waste. The compressive strength test, skid resistance, water absorption, and abrasion test were conducted on the paving block samples. Compressive strength test was conducted to verify the samples' compressive strength performance while water absorption and abrasion test were used to ascertain the durability properties of the samples. Results obtained for PET-modified bitumen concrete paving blocks (PMBCB) show an increase in compressive strength, skid resistance, and a decrease in the water absorption and abrasion loss when compared to unmodified bitumen samples. The maximum compressive strength for the PET-modified bitumen concrete was recorded at 10% PET replacement level. This implies that the utilization of PET-modified bitumen as binders in concrete paving blocks will not only help in waste recycling but also contribute significantly to the protection and preservation of the environment.
Paediatric Cancer Predisposition Documentation Tool – Standardized Reporting Form for Children and Adolescents With Suspected Cancer Predisposition Syndrome
Authors: Brecht Ines B. , Hoyer Juliane , Ripperger Tim , Karow Axel , Borkhardt Arndt , Brozou Triantafyllia , Cazzaniga Gianni , Ebinger Martin , Farah Roula , Obregón Susana García , Hauer Julia , Kamawal Ariana , Kronnie Geertruij te , Kuhlen Michaela , Lazic Jelena , Lohi Olli , Özbek Ugur , Pérez-Martínez Antonio , Rieß Olaf , Schneider Dominik T. , Schrappe Martin , Schroeder Christopher , Zimmermann Stefanie , Thiel Christian T. , Schroeck Evelin , Reis André , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Metzler Markus
Published: August 2021

More comprehensive genetic diagnostics in children with cancer, enabled by modern sequencing techniques have shown that germline variants causing genetic cancer predisposition can be detected in an increasing proportion of patients. Many individuals carrying a predisposing germline variant exhibit distinct characteristics regarding family history, tumor type, age at manifestation and therapy toxicity. However, comprehensive phenotypic characterization and automated electronic documentation in searchable databases are essential to fully integrate genetic and clinical features. Therefore, we have developed a structured Paediatric Cancer Predisposition Tool – PERCEPT to facilitate more accurate documentation of even subtle clinical features of patients with or with suspected germline cancer predisposition or suspected germline cancer predisposition. It improves the comparability in multicentre studies and the automated recognition of phenotypic patterns in international searchable databases.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Host Growth Promotion by Endophytic Fungus of Rumex Gmelinii Turcz.
Authors: Ding Changhong , Wang Shouyu , Li Jiabin , Wang Zhenyue
Published: August 2021

Background: Rumex gmelinii Turcz. (RGT) is a medicinal plant of Rumex in Polygonaceae. Our research group isolated an endophytic fungus plectosaphaerella cucumerina (Strain J-G) from RGT, which could promote the growth of the host significantly when was co-cultured with the host. In this study, we mainly used transcriptomic analysis to explore the molecular mechanism of the growth promoting effect.Results: It was found that during the process of co-culture with Strain J-G, metabolism of amino acids, the synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates in RGT tissue culture seedlings were all promoted, which provided sufficient material and energy basis for the growth of plants. In addition, response to hormones such as auxin and cytokinin in RGT tissue culture seedlings was improved significantly, which promoted the growth and development of plants. The repairing ability of DNA in RGT tissue culture seedlings was enhanced to provide a good guarantee for the growth of plants. Meanwhile, defense system of RGT tissue culture seedlings was also mobilized by the existence of Strain J-G, therefore more secondary metabolites and stress resistant substances were produced to ensure the normal growth and metabolism of plants.Conclusion: During the co-culture of the endophytic fungus J-G and RGT tissue culture seedlings, metabolism of amino acids, synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates were promoted, which provided sufficient materials and energies for the growth of RGT tissue culture seedlings. The responses to hormones such as auxin and cytokinin were improved, which enhanced the growth and development of RGT tissue culture seedlings. The DNA repair capacities were improved, which provided a good guarantee for the growth of RGT tissue culture seedlings. In addition, the existence of Strain J-G also activated the defense mechanism of RGT tissue culture seedlings, therefore more secondary metabolites and various stress-resistant substances were produced to ensure the growth and metabolism of RGT tissue culture seedlings.
Latest Classification and Such Functions of Human Hormones
Authors: Kabir Ashraful
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Based on the classification of human hormones, there is no solid idea in most books. In this view, this article could exemplify a concrete solution, especially for medical and university students. Hormones have many life-saving roles in the human body. With the deficiency of hormones, our body might fall into lots of problems. Data analyses of much information from books, articles, online supplements gave different ideas on total hormones. The result suggested that some hormones were secret from the same glands. Out of 110 hormones (when the same hormone came from different sources), exact different types of hormones were 88. Analyzed hormones consisted of four major groups- amine (4 hormones), eicosanoid (4), steroid (15), and peptide were (65) out of 88 endocrine chemicals. The endocrine and reproductive system (56) jointly secreted most of the hormones, and secondly gastrointestinal tract (26 hormones). Besides the organ system or glands, some are come out from the cell, tissue, tissue system, and placenta. This paper also mentions, phenotypically males and females exhibit many differences, hence hormonal analyses; they are more or less the same. For instance, many sex hormones are also present both in males and females. In the future, it needs to enhance more research on the classification of the hormones in the human body.
New Pacemaker Implantation in Patients undergoing Transcatheter Valve Replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Hilaryano , Morais Humberto , Ferreira Ana Rita , Madeira Francisco , Morais Carlos
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPermanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation remain a common finding after Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Overall rate of PPM implantation after TAVR varies and is related to various factors and is highly variable. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the incidence of new permanent pacemaker implant at 1 year irrespective of valve brand manufacturer, vascular access used, deployment technique/mechanism. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, 30-day, 1-year mortality, and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsWe performed a systematic search for studies that reported the incidence of PPM implantation after TAVR. Data on study, patient, and procedural characteristics were abstracted. Risk ratios (RRs); odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by use of random effects models.Results14 studies were included, totalling 25,967 TAVR patients, mean age 80.15 ± 6.91years, 52.9% being male, 26.3% of which required PPM implantation 1-year after intervention (p = 0.00001; RR 115.16).ConclusionsVarious factors impact the risk for pacemaker implantation after TAVR and one quoter of the patients undergo new permanent pacemaker implant at 1-year post undergoing TAVR.
Entwicklung und Realisierung neuer Designs zur Nutzung als Knochenersatzmaterial mittels Fused-Deposition-Modelling-3D- Druck
Authors:   , Neijhoft Jonas
Published: August 2021

Die Therapie langstreckiger Knochendefekte stellt auch weiterhin eine große Herausforderung dar. Dies beruht unter anderem darauf, dass der therapeutische Goldstandard - die Verwendung von autogener Knochensubstanz aus dem Beckenkamm - neben der begrenzten Verfügbarkeit vor allem Komplikationen im Bereich der Entnahmestelle mit sich bringen kann. Es wurde bisher aber noch kein durchschlagendes Ergebnis in der Entwicklung neuer Scaffolds zum Einsatz bei langstreckigen Knochendefekten erreicht. Dies kann eine Vielzahl an Ursachen haben, die sich von der verwendeten Ausgangssubstanz, bis hin zum verwendeten Design erstrecken können. Neben dem Ausgangsmaterial spielen vor allem die Formgebung und physikalische Eigenschaften, wie Porosität und Mikroarchitektur, eine wichtige Rolle. Ein aktueller Ansatz zur Nutzung als alternatives Knochenersatzmaterial ist das Knochen-Tissue-Engineering. Hierbei werden körpereigene, knochen-regenerative Zellen mit einem dreidimensionalen Gerüststoff (Knochenersatzmaterial oder -scaffold) kombiniert und in den Knochendefekt implantiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Fokus auf die Designentwicklung eines neuen Kochenersatz-Scaffolds gelegt. Nach Vorbild schon vorgestellter Knochenersatzdesigns und unter Berücksichtigung einer Grundstruktur, die auch Phasen der Knochenheilung wie die Frakturhämatomausbreitung und initiale Nährstoffversorgung einbeziehen sollte, wurden mehrere Designs (Raster, Tempel, Zwiebel) entwickelt. Mithilfe des additiv extrusionsbasierten Schmelzschichtverfahrens (Fused Filament Fabrication) wurden die in Computer-Aided Design entworfenen Scaffolds realisiert. Dieser Ansatz beinhaltet, unter Verwendung des resorbierbaren und biokompatiblen Trägerpolymers Polylaktat, mehrstufige Designs, die kleine biologisch funktionelle Einheiten in eine tragende, kompressionsfeste Rahmenstruktur einbetten. Hierdurch entsteht einerseits die nötige mechanische Belastbarkeit und andererseits eine offene Architektur mit Poren, die Diffusion von Sauerstoff und Nährstoffen in die inneren Bereiche des Implantats ermöglicht. Es wurden verschiedene Designs entwickelt, gedruckt und mechanisch sowie in vitro in den Kernbereichen Zelladhäsion, Zellaktivität und osteogene Differenzierung nach Besiedelung mit Saos-2-Zellen charakterisiert. Ein weiterer Entwicklungsschritt stellte das Einführen eines neuartigen, innerhalb der Designs kompatiblen Baukastensystems dar. Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Anpassbarkeit an den Knochendefekt verbessert, es sind auch weitere Funktionen ergänzbar und die unterschiedlichen Designs untereinander kombinierbar. Die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertationsarbeit dienen als Basis für einen völlig neuen Ansatz von Knochenersatzmaterialien mit positiven biologischen sowie biophysikalischen Eigenschaften.
INNOVATIVE MEASUREMENT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE: THE EU’S EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Vasilyeva T. , Shkola V.
Published: August 2021

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a challenge to food security globally and nationally. In the face of growing climate and environmental challenges, ensuring the sustainability of the food system, which is the basis of the European Green Deal, the European Union's sustainable and inclusive growth strategies, depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of the sustainable agricultural land use system. The aim of the study is to examine the European Union's experience in transforming the system of sustainable agricultural land use on an innovative basis to ensure its sustainability and security in the face of current challenges and threats (both faced and far-looking). The study uses a mixed approach, including factorial analysis and descriptive statistics, using a sample of 27 European Union’s economies and Ukraine’s economy. Ukraine's place on the European Union’s land map is determined, the dynamics of change in the structure of Ukraine's land area is analyzed, priority directions of innovative development of sustainable land use are determined, prospects of common agricultural policy and innovation policy to ensure the transition of the European Union and Ukraine to the sustainable, resilient and competitive economy are outlined. To ensure the sustainability and resilience of the agricultural land use and consequently the food system as a whole, the need to intensify research and introduce innovations has been identified. Innovations are to be aimed at the following goals: 1) protection and restoration of natural ecosystems; 2) preservation and improvement of natural capital and public health; 3) sustainable use of resources, including land, energy; 4) developing resilient food system; 5) accelerating the achievement of zero pollution, 6) development of sustainable and intelligent mobility. Building a system of sustainable agricultural land use requires, firstly, the formation of a new system of knowledge based on the latest research and development, the introduction of which will act in advance to overcome existing risks and threats in agriculture and sustainable rural development, and secondly, development of the system of its institutional support, which is revealed through the action of the consistent organizational and economic mechanism. Future studies are suggested to build an innovative model for the development of the national system of sustainable land use, taking into account the institutional potential of the land management system.
Endophytic Beauveria bassiana increases galling of ‘Rutgers’ tomato roots with Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Yerukala Shalini , Bernard Ernest C. , Gwinn Kimberly D. , Butler David M. , Grewal Parwinder S. , Ownley Bonnie H.
Published: August 2021

Beauveria bassiana is endophytic in many plant species and has been shown to protect host plants against insect pests and plant pathogens. However, less is known about its activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. In vitro and plant assays were conducted to determine the effect of B. bassiana 11-98 (Bb) on Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode; RKN). Beauveria bassiana was confirmed as an endophyte in ‘Rutgers’ tomato and colonization patterns of Bb in ‘Rutgers’ (highly susceptible to RKN) were compared with those in ‘Mountain Spring’ (less susceptible to RKN). In greenhouse tests with ‘Rutgers’ at 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) with RKN and Bb, there were few differences in plant growth variables among treatments in repeated trials. However, RKN root galling and egg count/root system were enhanced in plants treated with Bb at 60 DAT. In an in vitro assay with egg masses from greenhouse tests, the percentages of hatched eggs, and mobile and immobile nematodes did not differ significantly for RKN and RKN+Bb treatments. The presence of viable Bb from roots was confirmed by collecting egg suspensions from root galls and plating them on selective medium. Colonies of Bb were verified on agar medium, but no parasitism of RKN eggs was observed. Research is needed to investigate factors responsible for increased galling by RKN in the presence of endophytic Bb in ‘Rutgers’ tomato.
Formulating a Strategic Plan for BIM Diffusion within the AEC Italian Industry: The Application of Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Construction Engineering and Built Environment (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ITALY, Karampour Behzad , Mohamed Sherif ,   School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, AUSTRALIA, Karampour Hassan ,   School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, AUSTRALIA, Spagnolo Sonia Lupica ,   Department of Architecture, Construction Engineering and Built Environment (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ITALY
Published: August 2021

The importance of digital skills diffusion in fostering the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry has been highlighted for more than a decade. The extent to which this objective can be achieved depends on several factors. An augmented building information modelling (BIM) adoption stems from, but is not restricted to, government policies and initiatives. This study aims to assess the diffusion of digital skills, specifically through BIM adoption and to establish feasible strategies for such adoption within the Italian AEC industry, taking into account institutional, organisational and project-related factors. This purpose is achieved through an initial investigation of the most significant hurdles in BIM uptake and various BIM-promoting policies adopted at an international level. Moreover, a rigorous review of recent developments in the diffusion of innovation theory is presented. Based on findings and combining the experiences of various authors in BIM-related research an exploratory online survey was conducted, resulting in identification of the clients' lack of knowledge as the most critical challenge to BIM adoption in the Italian AEC industry. Following this finding, the study suggests five strategies to leverage BIM benefits to their full extent, to increase the perception of BIM benefits and to bridge the current gap between the industry and academia.
Emotional Intelligence of Local and Overseas Graduates in Real Estate Industry in China
Authors:   School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA, Zhang Leshui , Sunindijo Riza Yosia ,   School of Built Environment, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA
Published: August 2021

There is still limited research that investigates emotional intelligence in the context of the real estate sector in China, despite the rapid growth of the industry. Furthermore, there has been an exponential increase in the number of Chinese students studying overseas. Underpinned by these tendencies, this research investigates the levels of emotional intelligence of overseas and local graduates in the real estate sector in China. Data were collected using a survey of 140 employees and semi-structured interviews of four human resource managers in six Grade One state-owned real estate companies in China. The findings suggest that emotional intelligence influences the levels of interpersonal skills, represented by communication skills and teamwork behaviour. However, there is no difference in the levels of emotional intelligence between overseas and local graduates, suggesting that there are other factors that influence emotional intelligence development. Overseas graduates also seem to have greater difficulties than local graduates from elite universities to find jobs in the real estate sector. This suggests that international study experience is no longer adequate; instead, various contextualised interpersonal skills are needed to meet work demands in China. Developing emotional intelligence has been found to promote success across cultures and is a way to meet the demands of today's work environments in the real estate industry in China.
Generating Creativity in Elementary School Teaching: A Case Study of Teacher Professional Development in Indonesia
Authors: Weran Yohana Ina , Kuswandono Paulus
Published: August 2021

Creativity plays an important role in education for both students and teachers. In this study, the researchers aim to investigate how teachers generate elementary students’ creativity in the classroom. The study involved ten elementary school English teachers from ten schools in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This descriptive qualitative study employed snowball sampling by which the researchers invited one teacher to participate in this study and later the teacher suggested other potential participants that could be considered as the research samples. In gathering the data, the researchers identified teachers’ perspectives in generating creativity using questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires results were in the form of a Likert Scale and a diagram was employed to display the overall tendency. Further, interviews were descriptively analysed to support the results of the questionnaires. The results of this study demonstrated that in generating creativity in the classroom, the following criteria should be fulfilled: (1) students’ mistakes should be welcomed and accepted as important part of learning; (2) students are expected to perform not only by constructing novel ideas, but also creating a product (outcome) that facilitates their creativity in the classroom. Other results close to the previous two main points are related to open-ended and real-life (authentic) tasks, resources availability, the atmosphere of care, and the teachers as a guide. In this study, the researchers provide data about how elementary school teachers generate creativity for elementary school students. It is suggested that further research should nurture and provide an atmosphere of care and physical environment to generate creativity.
THE IMAGE OF “PUPIL” IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, BAGRINTSEVA O.B. , PUSTOKHAYLOVA A.A. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The paper refers to the definitional analysis of the lexical unit “pupil”. The analysis allows to define the main characteristics in the conscious of the language carriers. The defined characteristics allow to construct the image of the pupil in the English carriers conscious.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE OF “PUPIL” IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, BAGRINTSEVA O.B. , PUSTOKHAYLOVA A.A. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The paper refers to the data of the carried out sociolinguistic research. During the experiment, native English speakers were presented with the stimulus word “pupil”. Then, we analyzed the characteristics presented by native English speakers. This type of analysis allows us to identify the main characteristics inherent in the minds of native speakers. The revealed characteristics will make it possible to construct the image of the student inherent in the minds of the British.
LEXICAL PANDEMIC DOMINANTS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, ZHUKOVA J.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the lexical dominants of the pandemic period in English. It was this period that led to the emergence in English of many new words and expressions, the development of new meanings, the actualization of units that were previously relevant only to specialists. They are an important means of information about reality and provide an opportunity to consider the formation of the image of the era using keywords.
FORMATION OF QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHECHEN-RUSSIAN BILINGUALISM
Authors:   Chechen State University, ABDUKADYROVA T.T.
Published: August 2021

This article examines the problem of teaching foreign language vocabulary in bilingual conditions. The importance of this article is due to the fact that the emphasis is placed on the study of qualitative characteristics of foreign language vocabulary in the conditions of chechen-russian bilingualism, which can affect communication in the study of native, russian and foreign languages. In the process of teaching foreign language vocabulary in the conditions of chechen-russian bilingualism, it is accompanied by additional difficulties, which are manifested due to the interaction of different lexical systems of the contacting languages. It should be noted that the difficulties of mastering the spelling features of lexical units are due to the peculiarities of german spelling, which is characterized by numerous rules for combining letters when writing and exceptions. The result of the research is the conclusion that the proposed classification of the development of lexical units of the german language, as practice shows, is an effective means for bilingual students to overcome difficulties in the process of forming a foreign language lexical competence.
LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF PERSONAL WEB PAGE OF A.L. KUDRIN IN INTERNET COMMUNITY TWITTER
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, GROKHOVSKAYA I.A.
Published: August 2021

The article considers lexical and semantic peculiarities of A. L. Kudrin 's publications on the pages of the Internet community Twitter. Lexical and stylistic techniques used by the politician in the texts of messages are analyzed, characteristic features of personal blog of A.L. Kudrin on Twitter are highlighted.
CLIL AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors:   Bashkiria State University, KULYEVA A.A.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the topic of Content-Language Integrated Learning on the level of higher education and further integration of this approach into the practice of Russian higher education. CLIL approach and possibilities of integration into the educational process of modern higher school with the aim to improve language training of professionals are described. Different factors allowing to include the elements of CLIL approach into the process of learning are considered.
THE TERMS ECOLOGICAL AND POSITIVE COMMUNICATION IN THE EMOTIONAL ASPECT
Authors:   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, SOLODOVNIKOVA N.G. , BUSYGA M.V. ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University
Published: August 2021

Ecological and positive communication are considered and an attempt is made to distinguish them from the positions of emotive linguistics. Based on the material of the currently popular sphere of video blogging on YouTube, the relation of ecological and positive emotive communication is considered. Taking into account the almost ten-year existence of the linguoecological approach to emotions, the concept of ecology is being revised. Examples of ecological and positive emotive texts are given.
EXPRESSIVE CHARACTER OF ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH PHLORONYMS AS COMPONENTS
Authors:   Chechen State University, SHAMILEVA R.D. , SHUDUEVA K.A. ,   Chechen State University
Published: August 2021

Phlora and fauna, as the indispensable and main components of thewildlife, play a substantive role in the language of any nation. They define and reflect the worldview, culture and mindset the characteristic peculiarities of a certain ethnos. In the given research are regarded the characteristics of phloronyms in the English language. The names of plants, phloronyms, fixed in the English language translating different meanings due to individuality and neutrality of the people's thought in relation to any given plant.
An Overview of Copper Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Naikoo Gowhar , Al-Mashali Fatema , Arshad Fareeha , AL-Maashani Naema , Hassan Israr U. , AL Baraami Zamzam , Faruck Lukmanul H. , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq , Ahmed Waqar , Asiri Abdullah M. , Aljabali Alaa A. , Bakshi Hamid A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: August 2021

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In this review, we summarised the different methods for copper nanoparticle synthesis, including
green methods. We highlighted that the synthesis of the copper nanoparticles from green sources is preferable
as they serve as stable and reducing entities. Furthermore, we critically reviewed the effectiveness of copper-
based nanoparticles in oncogenic treatments emphasizing breast, lung, colorectal, and skin cancers. Finally,
we have summarised the recent progress made in copper-based nanoparticles and their applications to amplify
and rectify present cancer treatment options. The synthesis, characterization, stabilization, and functionalization
techniques of various copper-based nanoparticles have also been highlighted in each section. In conclusion, the
review provides the outlook of copper nanoparticles in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Rationalization of the activity Profile of Pyruvate Kinase Isozyme M2 (PKM2) Inhibitors using 3D QSAR
Authors: Kusuma Merugumala , Arora Sahil , Kalra Sourav , Chaturvedi Anuhar , Heuser Michael , Kumar Raj
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) was observed to be overexpressed and
play a key role in cell growth and cancer cells' metabolism. During the past years, phytochemicals
have been developed as new treatment options for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Natural resources,
like shikonin (naphthoquinone) and its derivatives, have emerged to be high potential therapeutics
in cancer treatment.

Methods:

Our study aimed to design novel anti-tumour agents (PKM2 inhibitors) focusing on the
shikonin scaffold with a better activity using computational methods. We applied a three-dimensional
quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) approach using Field-Based QSAR.

Results:

The Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity
Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on a series of forty shikonin derivatives, including
shikonin, to develop robust models and rationalize the PKM2 inhibitory activity profile by building a
correlation between structural features and activity.

Conclusion:

These predictive computational models will further help the design and synthesis of
potent PKM2 inhibitors and their fast biological assessment at a low cost.
Synthesized Drug from Medicinal Plant phytochemicals Effectively Targets
ECM1 Gene Mutations in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Munir Anum , Hu Lianhai
Published: August 2021

:

Ulcerative colitis (UC); an inflammatory bowel disease primarily affects the mucosa of
the colon. Depending on its mode of appearance, it can affect either the entire colon or even the distal
rectum. UC can manifest in both genders and every generation, but most generally appear in people
between the ages of 15 and 30. The extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1) gene is an important
candidate, mutations leading to tissue damage in patients with ECM1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms
are likely to intensify tissue damage caused by Metalloproteinase9 resulting in UC. In this
analysis, approval for the synthesis of Chemical Compound was obtained from the scientific committee
of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, China. Several derivatives
used as UC therapy were selected to build the pharmacophore model, using a ligand-based pharmacophore
modeling approach and virtual screenings were done for the identification of suitable drug
compounds. The selected compound was then synthesized in-vitro and validated using the molecular
docking technique. The synthesized compound fulfills all the characteristics of the non-toxic existence
of other drug-likeness laws. The specific interactive amino acids found in the docked complex
are arginine (ARG):47, lysine (LYS):54, phenylalanine (PHE):141, aspargine (ASN):51, serine
(SER):219, histadine (HIS):144, PHE:214, valine(VAL):220, tyrosine(TYR):145, and TYR:284. The
interaction of the synthesized compound with mutated TYR:284 of ECM1 confirmed the viability
and safety of a drug molecule as a medication in Ulcerative Colitis care. In the future, its validity can
be explored in the laboratory and this synthesized compound can be used as a medication target in
clinical studies against TYR:284 mutation in the ECM1 gene.
Reviewing Antiviral Research against Viruses Causing Human Diseases -
a Structure-Guided Approach
Authors: Sikdar Arunima , Gupta Rupali , Boura Evzen
Published: August 2021

:

The smallest of all the pathogens, viruses, have continuously been the foremost strange
microorganisms. Viral infections can cause extreme sicknesses as evidenced by the HIV/AIDS
widespread or the later Ebola or Zika episodes. Apprehensive framework distortions are also regularly
observed as consequences of numerous viral infections. Besides, numerous viral infections
are of oncoviruses, which can trigger different types of cancer. Nearly every year, a modern infectious
species emerges, debilitating the world population with an annihilating episode. Subsequently,
there is a need to create antivirals to combat such rising infections. From the discovery of the antiviral
drug Idoxuridine in 1962 to the revelation of Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) that was approved
by the FDA in 2018, the whole process and criteria of creating antivirals have changed significantly.
In this article, different auxiliary science strategies are described that can serve as a referral
for therapeutic innovation.
Medicinal Importance of Flavonoid “Eupatorin” in the Health Sectors: Therapeutic Benefit and Pharmacological Activities Through Scientific Data Analysis
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background:

Herbal medicines have been used in the health sector for the treatment of
human disorders from the ancient time till the modern age. Plant based herbal products have an important
place in medicine due to their health beneficial potential and pharmacological activities.
Traditional medicines have been used in developing country, such as India to the developed countries
such as the USA and Europe. Traditional medicines have been used in the health sectors for the
treatment of numerous types of human disorders. Phytoconstituents play an important role in the
growth, reproduction and development of the human being. Plant products have been used for the
treatment of skin disorders, wounds, and various forms of inflammatory diseases. Flavonoids are a
colorful component of fruits, seeds, vegetables, nuts and plants. Flavonoids have been used for the
treatment of human disorders due to their vast pharmacological activities.

Methods:

Scientific information on eupatorin has been collected from different literature sources
and analyzed in order to know the health benefit of eupatorin in medicine. All the scientific information
presented here is collected from various databases such as Google, PubMed, and Science
Direct etc. Pharmacological activity data of eupatorin have been collected from various literature
databases and analyzed here to know the beneficial health potential of eupatorin in medicine. However,
important analytical tools for the separation, isolation and identification of eupatorin have also
been discussed in the present paper.

Results:

Eupatorin (39,5-dihydroxy-49,6,7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavone class flavonoidal compound
found to be present in the Orthosiphon stamineus, Salvia mirzayanii, Lantana montevidensis,
Lantana montevidensis and Tanacetum vulgare. Eupatorin have been used against bronchitis, stomach
disorders and various forms of cancer. Eupatorin have a potential role in various cancerous disorders,
such as human uterus carcinoma, human gastric adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma
and colon carcinoma. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the effectiveness of eupatorin in
human cancer and various types of inflammatory disorders. However, the effectiveness of eupatorin
against microorganism and enzymes were also presented in the present work with their herbicidal
and vasorelaxation potential in the medicine. Eupatorin has a valuable role in the development of
adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion:

Present review will be beneficial to the researcher to understand the physiological importance
of eupatorin in medicine for the development of newer and effective medicine.
C-Methylation Of Organic Substrates. A Comprehensive Overview. Part IVa. Methylating Agents Other Than Methane, Methanol, and Methyl Metals
Authors: Moulay Saad
Published: August 2021

:

C-Methylation of organic substrates was accomplished with a number of methylating
agents other than methane, methanol, and methyl metals. They include methyl halides (MeX, X =
I, Br, Cl, F), methyl-containing halogenated reagents, methyl peroxides, dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), diazomethane, formate
salts, trioxane, CO/H2, CO2/H2, and dimethyl ether (DME). Under particular conditions, some methyl-
containing molecules such as polymethylbenzenes, methylhydrazine, tris(diethylamino) sulfonium
difluorotrimethylsilicate, methyl tosylate, long-chain alkyl alcohols, and acetic acid unexpectedly
C-methylated a variety of organic substrates. A few cases of C-methylation were only reported
to occur in the absence of catalysts. Otherwise, transition metal complexes as catalysts in
conjunction with specific ligands and bases were ubiquitously present in most C-methylation reactions.
Of the reactions, Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling remained of paramount importance in
making 11CH3-bearing positron emission tomography tracers (PETs), one of the best applications
of such methylation. Methylation proceeded at C(aromatic)-X, C(sp3)-X C(sp2)-X, and C(sp)-X of
substrates (X = H, halogen). Ortho-methylation was regioselectively observed with aromatic substrates
when they bear moieties such as pyridyl, pyrimidyl, amide, and imine functionalities, which
were accordingly coined ‘ortho-directing groups’.
Research on Test Method for Low Altitude Wireless Network Signal
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Su Yu , Zhou Jian , Chen Shengwei
Published: August 2021

Objective:

In recent years, with the large-scale construction of large venues, high-rise
office buildings, residential quarters, and the development of networked UAV, the demand and
complaints of users for air network coverage are increasing. The existing road test instruments
are designed for ground coverage based on the mobile app and PC software, which is not suitable
for low altitude signals. In order to shorten the test cycle of low altitude network signal and
improve the test efficiency, a new low altitude network signal test method is proposed, and a test
system suitable for low altitude network signal coverage and quality detection is developed.

Methods:

The present study investigated a system that uses airborne measuring instrument to
complete data acquisition, and returns real-time data to the processing cloud platform through 5g
cellular network. The signal quality and capacity of low altitude network are detected on the
cloud platform.

Results:

The test results show that the proposed method and the developed airborne measuring
instrument can complete the low altitude network signal test work and effectively improve the
test efficiency.

Conclusion:

The research on test method for low altitude wireless network signal plays an
important role in the optimization of low altitude network and fine management of tower base
station information.
Competencia investigativa como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza del derecho
Authors: Palacios Hernández Alex Antonio , Córdoba Robledo Carlos Andrés
Published: August 2021

The discussion around the training and evaluation by competencies day by day becomes more relevant in the national academic panorama, today it ceased to be an exclusive concern of pedagogues to become a vital matter of training in the different academic programs in education higher education, particularly in the teaching of area law in which it is non-extendable to adopt measures that facilitate and contribute to the training of professionals who can respond to the paradigms of globalization, free trade and post-conflict. Thus generating the great challenge for the faculties and the responsibility for teachers to improve the teaching - learning process within the law faculties, being of great benefit for this purpose, the development of investigative competence in law students, with the purpose, that this pedagogical tool that facilitates and optimizes the quality of the training that is being imparted.