bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending the Spectral Difference Method with Divergence Cleaning (SDDC) to the Hall MHD Equations
Authors:   Clarkson University, Hankey Russell J. , Chen Kuangxu ,   Clarkson University, Liang Chunlei ,   Clarkson University
Published: June 2023

The Hall Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are an extension of the standard MHD equations that include the “Hall” term from the general Ohm’s law. The Hall term decouples ion and electron motion physically on the ion inertial length scales. Implementing the Hall MHD equations in a numerical solver allows more physical simulations for plasma dynamics on length scales less than the ion inertial scale length but greater than the electron inertial length. The present effort is an important step towards producing physically correct results to important problems, such as the Geospace Environmental Modeling (GEM) Magnetic Reconnection problem. The solver that is being modified is currently capable of solving the resistive MHD equations on unstructured grids using the spectral difference scheme which is an arbitrarily high-order method that is relatively simple to parallelize. The GEM Magnetic Reconnection problem is used to evaluate whether the Hall MHD equations have been correctly implemented in the solver using the spectral difference method with divergence cleaning (SDDC) algorithm by comparing against the reconnection rates reported in the literature.
Health awareness determines the consumer purchase intention towards herbal products and risk as moderator
Authors: Widyaningtyas Dian , Untoro Wisnu , Ikhwan Setiawan Ahmad , Wahyudi Lilik
Published: June 2023

Consumer interest in herbal products is an interesting topic related to the choice of a healthy lifestyle. The trend in consumer demand for herbal products has increased in recent years. During this pandemic, the demand for herbal products is getting higher. Herbal products are widely used for individual health care or alternative medicine. This study aims to obtain an objective behavioral study of consumer interest in herbal products. We further explore how risk moderates the relationship between health awareness and purchase intention. This research implies that health awareness has a positively influence on purchase intention, and risk perception moderates the impact of health awareness on consumer purchase intentions to use herbal products with a significant p-value of 0.003. The framework model will be obtained to predict consumer intentions in purchasing herbal products. 
Evaluación de plataformas de inteligencia de negocios con un proceso multicriterio jerárquico
Authors: Álvarez Carrillo Pavel Anselmo , Hernández Medina Miguel Ángel , Bernal Agramón María Del Refugio , Muñoz Palma Manuel
Published: June 2023

Este artículo presenta la evaluación de plataformas de inteligencia de negocios cómo un problema de decisión multicriterio apoyando a un experto de una empresa de multiples servicios. El trabajo se centra en la identificación de los criterios de decisión y plataformas de inteligencia de negocios. El estudio se enfoca también, en la evaluación de plataformas de inteligencia de negocios con un enfoque multicriterio jerárquico considerando las preferencias del experto en plataformas de inteligencia de negocios que labora en la empresa. El resultado obtenido corresponde a la definición de un procedimiento metodológico para el problema de la evaluación de plataformas de inteligencia de negocios, y a una recomendación para la empresa en forma de ordenamiento de plataformas inteligencia de negocios identificadas. Este ordenamiento se genera considerando las preferencias del experto en relación a las plataformas.
Exploración y explotación del conocimiento en la capacidad de respuesta empresarial de México
Authors: Pérez Cruz Omar Alejandro
Published: June 2023

La orientación estratégica de una empresa está determinada por el grado de su capacidad de absorción de nuevos conocimientos del exterior. Grado en que son capaces de adquirir y asimilar información del contexto, para transformar y explotar al interior de la organización. El objetivo fue analizar los efectos de la capacidad de absorción potencial (PACAP) sobre la capacidad de absorción realizada (RACAP) y su efecto mediador en la capacidad de respuesta (CR), en 4 sectores económico de México: comercio, construcción, maquila y servicios. Esta investigación prueba, con un modelo de ecuación estructural, muestras de más de 12, 0000 empresas, recopiladas en la Encuesta Mensual de Opinión Empresarial (EMOE). Los hallazgos sugieren que la PACAP influye en la CR solo si RACAP modera positivamente su relación, en los 4 sectores empresariales. Esto permite aportar evidencia empírica en cómo la PACAP se relaciona con la RACAP y puede lograr la CR.
Epilepsia: la publicidad de medicamentos, remedios y panaceas en la prensa de la ciudad de México durante el Porfiriato
Authors: Velázquez Delgado Graciela
Published: June 2023

Este artículo analiza las representaciones sobre la epilepsia en la publicidad de la prensa en la ciudad de México durante el Porfiriato. Para ello, se siguieron dos estrategias metodológicas. Por una parte, un estudio cuantitativo que nos arrojó las tendencias de la publicidad sobre los remedios y medicamentos curativos para la epilepsia, y por otra, uno de tipo cualitativo en el que se indaga sobre las sustancias que contienen. Finalmente se analiza el contenido escrito de los anuncios de los remedios (sus eslóganes y textos), para entender la lógica o el sustento de la representación sobre la epilepsia que había detrás de ellos. Con este análisis pudimos darnos cuenta de que la terapéutica para la epilepsia era muy variada e iba desde los productos que contenían sustancias químicas y homeopáticas hasta aquellos de origen vegetal; e incluso más: se recurrió a artilugios eléctricos con los que se proponía recuperar la salud. Entre otros hallazgos, podemos mencionar que la retórica publicitaria estableció una relación entre la epilepsia y la locura, seguramente con la finalidad de causar temor en los enfermos para que los productos fueran adquiridos con la esperanza de evitarla.
Sobre Elizabeth Cejudo Ramos, “El gobierno no puede más que Dios.” Género, ciudadanía y conflicto Iglesia-Estado en el Sonora posrevolucionario
Authors: Espinoza Meléndez Pedro
Published: June 2023

Reseña sobre Elizabeth Cejudo Ramos, “El gobierno no puede más que Dios.” Género, ciudadanía y conflicto Iglesia-Estado en el Sonora posrevolucionario (Hermosillo: Universidad de Sonora, 2021). https://doi.org/10.47807/UNISON.72.
Biometric Authentication System
Authors: Basare Ashish , Bhojak Darshan , Solanki Dr. Ramesh
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Biometric authentication systems have gained significant interest due to their reliable and practical authentication options. These systems utilize physiological or behavioral traits, like fingerprints, face recognition, and speech patterns, to confirm a person's identity. They offer advantages such as increased security and user convenience compared to traditional methods. However, biometric authentication also poses challenges, including privacy concerns and the potential for false positives or negatives. This research study provides a comprehensive overview of the various forms, applications, benefits, and limitations of biometric authentication systems. It emphasizes the need to address privacy concerns and establish appropriate standards and regulations. The findings inform practitioners, researchers, and policymakers about the latest advancements and implications of biometric authentication systems.
Green Audit of Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engineering Peth
Authors: Raskar Tejas
Published: June 2023

Abstract: A clean and healthy environment aids effective learning and provides a conducive learning environment. There are various efforts around the world to address environmental education issues. Environmental Management Systems (EMS) is very popular in the industrial sector, but the general belief is that EMS is something pertaining to industries only. Other parts of the world have started adopting compatible environmental management systems either voluntarily or for promoting standards by external certification.
Water Scarcity Zonation Mapping of Household in District Soreng West Sikkim by MCDM Method Using RS&GIS
Authors: Sharma Devendra , Sonthwal Er. Vinod Kumar
Published: June 2023

Abstract: A major global problem, water scarcity has a negative impact on ecosystems, socioeconomic activity, and millions of people. Effective water resource management calls for well-informed decision-making processes that consider many factors and their respective importance. The goal of this case study is to use the Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method to address the problem of ranking water scarcity. The study starts out by developing a set of pertinent standards for evaluating water shortage, including water availability, population demand, storage capacity, total population of the household, accessibility of a nearby source, distance to a perennial source, use of rainwater harvesting, number of animals in the household, water obtained from a public supply, and manual water collection methods. Surveys are used to gather information on these criteria, as well as statistical reports, remote sensing, and expert opinions. To ensure comparability across many parameters, the collected data are subsequently analysed and standardized. The regions are then ranked according to the severity of their water scarcity using a suitable MCDM approach. Using the MCDM method, decision-makers can consider their preferences and opinions as well as give various criteria proportionate weights based on their importance. The case study demonstrates how MCDM was used in the study area's battle against water scarcity. Policymakers and stakeholders can utilize the data to identify families that are experiencing the greatest levels of water scarcity and then priorities solutions based on those findings. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis can be performed to assess how well the ranking results hold up under other weightings and criteria. The results of this case study provide a systematic and all-encompassing strategy, which advances water resources management tactics also the results can be further used to prepare a Water Scarcity Zonation Map in ArcGIS or QGIS using RS&GIS method
Escola e mediação de conflitos: um estudo de gestão de conflitos e de medidas de intervenção numa escola do Piauí
Authors: dos Santos Ferreira Erivan
Published: June 2023

Nesta investigação foi analisada a gestão de conflitos e de medidas de intervenção numa Escola do Piauí e, levando em consideração o problema da pesquisa, que é, “Qual o contributo das práticas da gestão de conflitos e de medidas de intervenção existentes nas turmas do 5a ano das escolas do ensino fundamental I no Estado do Piauí no sentido de desenvolvimento de valores, saberes e competências nos alunos para uma formação cidadã?” A questão orientadora: “Avaliar os conflitos e as medidas interventivas implementadas de uma Escola do Estado do Piauí”. Tem como objetivos: Conhecer o tipo de gestão escolar e o seu impacto na gestão de conflitos e de medidas de intervenção; Explicar o impacto das influências da gestão de conflitos e de medidas de intervenção no desenvolvimento de valores, saberes e competências nos alunos; Explicar o impacto de um (ou alguns) gerenciamento (s) e intervenção (ões) de conflito (s) em sala de aula para desenvolvimento de valores, saberes e competências nos alunos.
Ontology of Substances and Ontology of Facts: back to Comparison
Authors: Smirnov Mikhail A.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this work is to characterize clearly the early Wittgenstein’s position in context of the contemporary discussions between the adherers of classical ontology, based on the notion of substance, and its detractors. The Aristotle’s ousiology is usually regarded as a locus classicus of substantial ontology. A noticeable tendency in the contemporary philosophy is the rejective stance towards the notion of substance and towards the vision of the reality as the ‘totality of things’ ( summa rerum ). This trend goes through the 20th century (B. Russell, etc.) and is prominent in the philosophy of the 21th century. Wittgenstein, who calls the world the totality of facts, not of things, is sustainably regarded in the secondary literature as a herald of a non-classical way of thought, presented in his ontology of facts - a radical alternative to substantial ontology. However, how can this claim cohere with the active usage of the classical substantialism terms, going back to Aristotle, in the “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus”? In order to answer this question, it’s advisably to address, as the starting point of the analysis, the work of B. Wolniewicz comparing Wittgensteinian ontology to Aristotelian ontology and pointing out not only difference, but also parallelism between them. In the present paper, it’s shown that some of Wolniewicz’s remarks are valuable, but the overall view of the problem should be corrected and supplemented taking into account nuances of both Aristotelian and Wittgensteinian ontologies. Having in mind the results of this analysis, one can read the early Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a statement about the role of the classical forms of thought for a philosopher proposing a non-classical worldview, which helps to elucidate the structure of the contemporary ontological discussions.
“Teaching” of Vladimir Monomakh as Synthesis of Ethical Traditions Byzantine Patristics and National Paganism
Authors: Volkova Anastasiia A.
Published: June 2023

The research is devoted to the ethical views of Vladimir Monomakh, reflected in the “Teaching” of the Grand Duke. The author’s reflections concerning such fundamental moral categories as good and evil, virtue and vice, the meaning of life and death, free will, duty, happiness are considered and analyzed. A partial continuity of the Grand Duke’s views concerning the relationship to the categories of good and evil, as well as virtue and vice, with the Byzantine Christian tradition, in particular with regard to the “theory of three small deeds”, which is based on the theory of repentance of John Chrysostom, and the theory of “asceticism in the world”, based on the writings of Basil the Great. It is revealed that the ethical views of the Grand Duke do not fit into the strict paradigm of Christian medieval philosophy and theology. In this regard, the author of the article draws attention to the syncretic nature of the worldview of the author of the “Teaching”, expressed in a kind of worldview combining Christian and pre-Christian beliefs. In this vein, the specific understanding of the problems of the meaning of life, death, happiness by Vladimir Monomakh is analyzed, which is revealed when considering the peculiar attitude of the author of the “Teaching” to the sacred rites of prayer and burial. The author’s views on the category of duty in the universal and state terms, as well as the principles of practical behavior, are studied. According to the results of the research, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the work of the Grand Duke is an ethical “micro-treatise”, the ideological content of which fully reflects the moral concept of the existence of the ancient Rus-sian man.
Theory of “Cultural Memory” by J. Assmann and Reflection of Multiculturalism: Myth, Memory and Remembrance in Cultures of “Axial Age”
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir V.
Published: June 2023

The paper discusses various aspects of the concept of “cultural memory” coined by Jan Assmann and related both to the problem of determining the categories of culture that became the first objects of philosophical reflection in the era of the Axial Age and to the issues of the modern crisis of the ideology of globalism and multiculturalism. Using the example of some categories of an archaic myth that have not lost their cultural and social relevance at present, the variability of the genesis of philosophy in various civilizations of the epoch of the “Axial Age” is demonstrated - both those in which it arises as an independent form of worldview and those where this process stops at the stage of a highly speculative myth. Special attention is paid to the cultural and social aspects of memory and recollection of the past as forms of spiritual “resistance” to external cultural influences and the preservation of religious and ethnic identity, which is equally relevant both during the genesis of philosophy and in modern post-industrial society during the crisis of globalist ideology and the philosophy of multiculturalism.
Violencia del docente en el aula de clase
Authors: Gallego Daza Luz Ángela , Acosta Orozco Javier , Villalobos García Yamiled , López Tabares Ángela María , Giraldo Zuluaga Gloria Amparo
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: analizar y determinar las expresiones y formas de violencia ejercidas por el/la docente en el aula de clase, así como sus causas, implicaciones y secuelas. Metodología: para confrontar la información, se aplicaron un cuestionario y una entrevista en una Institución Educativa de Manizales, instrumentos dirigidos a estudiantes y docentes, los cuales permitieron abordar con mirada reflexiva y analítica el rol del maestro dentro del aula. Hallazgos: se evidenció que la violencia docente es una seria y compleja problemática que presenta el sistema educativo y que es urgente conocerla, denunciarla, apropiarla e intervenirla, pues tiende a invisibilizarse en una forma preocupante. Conclusión: la violencia docente se puede prevenir, transformar y erradicar desde el fortalecimiento de habilidades sociales y la adecuada resolución de conflictos.
The role of information heterogeneity in blockchain-based traceability systems: evidence from fresh fruits buyers in China
Authors: Zhai Qianqian , Li Qian , Sher Ali , Chen Chao
Published: June 2023

Blockchain technology is now being piloted to agri-food traceability systems to restore consumers’ confidence for food quality and safety. It is important for the industry to understand what information to be recorded and tracked in blockchain-based fresh produce traceability systems to meet consumers’ preferences for information. Yet little research has focused specifically on consumers’ preferences concerning information attributes traced by this new blockchain technology. This study conducts a best-worst scaling experiment with fresh fruit buyers in China to investigate consumers’ preference and perceived value regarding sixteen information attributes about blockchain-based fresh fruit traceability systems. The results from the analysis of a random parameter logit model reveal that consumers consistently rank testing information as the first-most valuable attribute, followed by production inputs (pesticides and fertilizers), quality certification and grades information attributes, while supplier and logistics information are considered to be the least valuable traceability one. Furthermore, there exist significant heterogeneity in relative value placed on traceable information attributes. The findings identify four different consumer segments by using a latent class modelling approach: (1) sensitivity for authoritative information, (2) preferences for comprehensive information, (3) information preferences equally, and (4) preferences for production inputs information. Preference heterogeneity is mainly explained by risk attitude, risk perception, information concern, traceability cognition, gender and other factors. The findings from this study can provide stakeholders and policymakers with certain insights as well as strategies on information provision and disclosure for fresh produce blockchain-based traceability.
Pelatihan Alternatif Permodalan Melalui Peer To Peer Lending (P2P Lending) Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Pempek Furqon di Kota Jambi
Authors: Sari Novita , Yuniarti Yenny , Tan Maulida Imastary , Syukri Adi Ikhsan
Published: June 2023

Pempek Furqon adalah sebuah usaha makanan rumahan yang ditekuni oleh salah seorang alumni dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis program Ekstensi yaitu Uyun Dwi Saputra, SE yang beralamat di Jl. KH. Mas Mansyur RT.01 Kecamatan Danau Sipin Kota Jambi. Pada Awalnya pempek yang diproduksi hanya untuk keluarga saja, terutama anak, namun karena dorongan dari keluarga besar untuk membuka usaha, maka akhirnya pemilik merintis usaha pempek ini dengan menggunakan nama anak yaitu “Furqon” sejak bulan Juni tahun 2019. Sampai saat ini, sekitar 75% penjualan adalah pengiriman paket ke luar kota terutama ke kabupaten Bungo. Hal ini membuat pemilik tertarik untuk mengembangkan usahanya di daerah tersebut, ditambah lagi dengan hasil survey pasar dimana fakta di lapangan membuktikan bahwa belum banyak usaha pempek yang ada di kabupaten tersebut, sedangkan minat masyarakat akan pempek cukup tinggi. Namun, karena terkendala modal, maka pemilik ingin mendapatkan pelatihan dimana bisa membuka wawasan pengetahuan akan bentuk permodalan yang ramah terhadap UMKM. Berdasarkan hal inilah maka tim pengabdian akan melakukan kegiatan pelatihan alternatif permodalan Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) pada Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Pempek Furqon di Kota Jambi.
Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa dengan Pemanfaatan Limbah Rumah Tangga
Authors: Arum Enggar Diah Puspa , Wahyudi Ilham , Wijaya Rico , Lestari Wira , Yetti Susfa
Published: June 2023

Sampah yang berasal dari rumah tangga dapat bernilai ekonomis jika dikelola dan dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan dapat dioptimalkan dengan memanfaatkan limbah rumah tangga sebagai pupuk organik yang dapat menyuburkan tanaman. Selain bernilai ekonomis, pemanfaatan limbah rumah tangga juga bermanfaat bagi kehidupan sosial dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan tentang pengelolaan sampah organik menjadi pupuk cair dengan alat Bioreaktor Pembangkit Pupuk Cair (BPPC) Dede Martino. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan di Desa Karmeo Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi. Metode pendekatan untuk mencapai tujuan kegiatan pengabdian adalah metode Plan, Do, Check and Act (PDCA), dengan melakukan identifikasi permasalahan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Desa Karmeo, merancang pelatihan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, melakukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga menjadi pupuk cair organik, dan melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga di Desa Karmeo Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabupaten Batang Hari Jambi.Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Karmeo Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabupaten Batanghari tentang pengelolaan sampah organik menjadi pupuk cair hidroponik. Selain bernilai ekonomis, pemanfaatan limbah rumah tangga juga bermanfaat bagi kehidupan sosial dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.
Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa dalam Meningkatkan Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pada Desa Karmeo Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabubaten Batang Hari
Authors: Wiralestari Wiralestari , Arum Enggar Diah Puspa , Wijaya Rico , Friyani Rita , Sam Iskandar
Published: June 2023

Pengabdian Kepada Masyakat ini berjudul Pelatihan Pengelolaan Keauangan Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pada Desa Karmeo Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabubaten Batang Hari. Pengabdian ini dilakukan di Desa Karmeo Kecamatan Batin XXIV Kabubaten Batang Hari, Propinsi Jambi. Saat ini, pemerintah pusat berfokus pada pemerataaan pembangunan desa. Untuk itu setiap tahunnya dana desa ditransfer dari APBN ke desa, dan desa diberikan kewewenangan penuh dalam pengelolaannya keuangan desa. Namun pada kenyataannya terdapat kendala dalam pengelolaan dana desa, yaitu masih ditemukannya pengelolaanya belum berjalan secara efektif maupun optimal, dan masih kurangnya pemahaman sumber daya manusia terkaitan keuangan desa. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu pelatihan mengenai pengelolaan keuangan desa untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntanbilitas sehingga terwujudnya tata kelola pemerintahan desa yang baik.
Investigating the determinants of working capital in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Khalaf Bashar Abu , Awad Antoine B. , Nassr Mohammed
Published: June 2023

This study aims to identify the determinants affecting the working capital of non-financial companies listed on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). All non-financial companies listed on Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Kuwait were collected and resulted in a total of 532 companies during the period of 2008–2021. The final sample included 135 companies (25.38 percent of the total number of non-financial companies in the GCC) that had at least 10 years of data out of the 14 years. This paper applied the panel regression (random and fixed effects techniques); the insignificant result of the Hausman test favored the random effect results. The results argued that there is a negative significant effect of leverage, profitability, and firm size on working capital. This suggests that high-leveraged companies tend to have less working capital and this is due to the commitment to servicing the debts. In addition, large companies tend to have less working capital since they have huge expenses to pay and this affects negatively their working capital level. Also, an interesting result is that highly profitable companies tend to have less working capital since they include themselves in more projects. While, there is a positive significant effect of growth and cash flow on working capital, which confirms that high-growth companies tend to have better working capital.
Transfer pricing and tax avoidance: Moderating role of audit quality
Authors: Illahi Ilham , Sumarni Nini , Maiza Zikrawahyuni
Published: June 2023

Transfer pricing can confer advantages to companies, such as enhancing their business competitiveness and facilitating internal fund transfers. However, in practical application, companies also exploit transfer pricing for the purpose of tax avoidance, aiming to minimize their tax liabilities. Consequently, this practice has been observed to have adverse implications for the state, specifically in terms of reduced tax revenue. To explore the impact of transfer pricing on tax avoidance, researchers undertook an empirical examination. They introduced the variable of audit quality as a moderator to assess its influence on the relationship between transfer pricing and tax avoidance. The study focused on a sample of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, employing a purposive sampling technique. To ascertain the effects of transfer pricing variables on tax avoidance and the moderating influence of audit quality, the researchers conducted multiple linear regression tests. The findings of the study indicate a positive association between transfer pricing and tax avoidance. This research provides valuable contributions that companies engaging in transfer pricing practices are, indeed, employing them as a form of tax avoidance strategy, aiming to minimize their corporate tax obligations. However, the study does not provide evidence supporting the notion that the quality of auditors can mitigate transfer pricing undertaken for the purpose of tax avoidance.
What do we know about corporate governance, family ownership, and firm value?
Authors: Oktari Vera , Lestari Dinda , Zirman  , Hariyani Eka
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence that the company's independent board of commissioners has a positive effect on firm value, to obtain empirical evidence that audit committees have a positive effect on firm value, to obtain empirical evidence that profitability has a positive effect on firm value, to obtain empirical evidence that family ownership strengthens good relations. Corporate governance on firm value and to obtain empirical evidence of family ownership strengthens the relationship between financial performance and firm value. Variable measurement in this study uses the dependent variable, independent variable, moderating variable, and control variable. The results of the study show that the board of commissioners and ROE have an effect on firm value. While the audit committee has no effect on firm value. And family ownership strengthens the relationship between ROE and audit committee on firm value, but cannot moderate the relationship between independent commissioners and firm value.
Treatments of Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose
Authors: Lee Sung Woo
Published: June 2023

Pharmaceutical agents are the most common causes of poisoning in Korea. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly used in Korea for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but are associated with a risk of mortality due to overdose. Due to the frequent fatalities associated with CCB overdose, it is essential that the emergency physician is capable of identifying CCB intoxication, and has the knowledge to manage CCB overdose. This article reviews the existing clinical guidelines, retrospective studies, and systematic reviews on the emergency management of CCB overdose. The following are the varied treatments of CCB overdose currently administered. 1) For asymptomatic patients: observation with enough time and decontamination, if indicated. 2) For symptomatic patients: infusion of calcium salt, high dose insulin therapy, and vasopressor (norepinephrine) or atropine for bradycardia. 3) For patients refractory to the first line therapy or with refractory shock or impending arrest: lipid emulsion therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 4) As adjunct therapy: phosphodiesterase inhibitors, glucagon, methylene blue, pacemaker for AV block. Small CCB ingestion is known to be fatal for pediatric patients. Hence, close observation for sufficient time is required.
Errors of Death Certificate for Poisoning Related Death
Authors: Park Chan Hyeok , Kim Sun Hyu
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study examines errors in death certificates (DCs) issued to cases of poisoning. Methods: DCs issued in poisoning cases were retrospectively reviewed. Errors in the DC were classified as major and minor errors, and were evaluated in accordance with their impact on the process of selecting the cause of death (COD). Results: A total of 79 DCs were evaluated; 43 (54.4%) DCs were issued in the emergency department (ED), and 36 (45.6%) DCs were issued outside the ED. The average major and minor errors per DC were determined to be 0.4 and 3.3, respectively. Moreover, an average of 3.0 errors were discovered in DCs issued at the ED, and 4.4 errors in DCs issued outside the ED. The most common major errors were incorrect manner of death (11.4%, 9/79), followed by unacceptable COD (7.6%, 6/79), and the mode of dying as an underlying COD (5.1%, 4/79). The common minor errors most frequently encountered were incorrect time interval (86.1%, 68/79), followed by incorrect other significant conditions (73.4%, 58/79), and no record for date of onset (62.0%, 49/79). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the total numbers of major errors, minor errors and cases of misjudged cause of death were greater in DCs issued outside the ED than in DCs issued at the ED. The most frequently quoted major error of DCs related to poisoning was determined to be the incorrect manner of death.
The Effects of Agent Orange in Patient with Pneumonia
Authors: Kim Dong Sung , Lee Jungyoup , Kye Yu Chan , Jung Euigi , Jeong Ki Young
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Agent Orange (AO) is a herbicide and defoliant used by the United States and its military allies during the Vietnam War. Pneumonia is a common cause of death among Vietnam veterans in our hospital. There have been no previous studies researching any association between AO exposure and the prognosis for pneumonia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate associations between AO exposure and 30-day mortality due to pneumonia. The secondary objective was to examine the clinical factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in veterans with pneumonia, and to assess the prevalence of combined diseases in AO-exposed veterans. Methods: This study retrospectively included veteran patients diagnosed with pneumonia in the emergency department and hospitalized between February 2014 and March 2018. The enrolled patients were grouped according to their defoliant exposure history, and the clinical information of defoliant-exposed and non-defoliant-exposed groups were compared. Patients were divided according to 30-day mortality, and significant factors influencing mortality were evaluated by using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The final multivariate model revealed the effect of AO exposure on therapeutic outcomes of pneumonia. Results: A total of 1006 patients were analyzed. Of these, 276 patients had a history of AO exposure, whereas 730 patients had not been exposed. Factors positively associated with 30-day mortality were malignancy, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin which was negatively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Exposure to defoliant is not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonia. However, veterans with defoliant exposure are associated with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, malignancy, and chronic kidney disease.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Hospitalization of Patients Visited the Emergency Department after Deliberate Self-poisoning
Authors: Noh Woo Sik , Kim Hye Jin
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study examined factors associated with the hospitalization of patients who visited the emergency department (ED) after deliberate self-poisoning. Methods: The medical records of the patients, who visited the ED at a tertiary teaching hospital after deliberate self-poisoning between March 2017 and December 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Fifty-seven in the hospitalization and 236 in the discharge group patients were included. The mean age in the hospitalization and discharge group was 48.8±20.4 and 41.8±19.1, respectively (p=0.020). Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in age (p=0.020), mental status (p<0.001), request for help (p=0.046), chronic disease (p=0.036), substance ingested (p<0.001), and risk rescue-rating scale (p<0.001) between the two groups (hospitalization group and discharge group). In multiple logistic regression analysis for predicting the hospitalization of patients after deliberate self-poisoning, the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale (RRRS) was identified (OR=1.493, 95% confidential interval=1.330-1.675, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analysis of RRRS for the decision to hospitalize showed a cut-off value of 38.9, with a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 96.4%, 77.0%, and 0.949, respectively. Conclusion: The RRRS can be used to determine the hospitalization for patients who visited the ED after deliberate self-poisoning. Nevertheless, multicenter prospective studies will be needed to determine the generalisability of these results.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Poisoning Patients and Analysis of Prognostic Factors
Authors: Jung Young Yun , Ha Chul Min , Jung Sung Tae , Lee Hyoung Ju
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study examined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted or died in the emergency medical center with acute-poisoning to investigate the variables related to the prognosis. Methods: The data were collected from poisoning patients admitted or died in the emergency medical center of a general hospital located in Seoul, from January 2014 to February 2020. The subjects of this study were 190 patients. The medical records were screened retrospectively, and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients in the emergency room (ER) and ICU were examined to investigate the contributing factors that influence the poor prognosis. Results: The study analyzed 182 patients who survived after being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The results are as follows. The mental change (87.4%) was the most common symptom. Sedative poisoning (49.5%) was the commonest cause. For most patients, pneumonia (26.9%) was the most common complication. Hypotension (23.7%), tachycardia (42.1%), fever (15.8%), seizures (10.5%), dyspnea (2.6%), high poisoning severity score (PSS), type of toxic material, mechanical ventilator application (39.5%), inotropes application (39.5%), and pneumonia (55.3%) were correlated the LOS over 5 days in the ICU. 8 patients died. In the case of death pesticides and carbon monoxide were the main toxic materials; tachycardia, bradycardia, and hypotension were the main symptoms, and a mechanical ventilator and inotropes were applied. Conclusion: Patients with unstable vital signs, high PSS, and non-pharmaceutical poisoning had a prolonged LOS in the ICU and a poor prognosis.
Comparison of Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) according to alcohol co-ingestion in intentional poisoning patients
Authors: Jun Min jae , Ahn Tae kyu , Kang Soo
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Alcohol ingestion enhances impulsivity and aggression, and has been proven to have a close relationship with suicide. This study investigates whether alcohol co-ingestion affects the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) grade in patients with intentional poisoning. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of intentional poisoning patients who visited the emergency department (ED) from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Patients were divided into non-drunken and drunken groups. We collected the data based on the medical records of the patients and serum ethanol level results recorded during initial blood tests at the ED. To grade the PSS, the highest score was assessed through clinical signs and test results during the hospital stay. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups. Results: A total of 277 patients were included in the study. 163 (58.8%) were in the non-drunken group, and 114 (41.2%) were in the drunken group. The PSS grade showed a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.002). While grade 1 (mild) was observed more in the non-drunken group, grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe) were seen more in the drunken group. In an ordinal logistic regression analysis, alcohol co-ingestion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.557, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.554-4.208, p<0.001) was considered to be a risk factor for a higher PSS grade. There was no significant correlation between the serum ethanol level and the PSS grade. (p=0.568) Conclusion: Intentional poisoning patients with alcohol co-ingestion had a higher PSS. Hence close observation and aggressive treatment in the ED is warranted in such cases.
Availability of urine toxicologic screening tests in the emergency department: focused on illegal drugs
Authors: Lee Se Kyu , Choi Sangchun
Published: June 2023

Purpose: In Korea, it is predicted that the proportion of drug abusers among patients visiting the emergency room will soon increase. Several emergency medical institutions in Korea are conducting field urine screening tests for poisoning. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and usefulness of urine toxicology screening tests. Methods: The medical records of patients with positive results for tetrahydrocannabinol and methamphetamine from urine toxicology screening tests at a tertiary university hospital from August 2016 to August 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The subjects were classified into positive and false-positive groups, and their clinical characteristics were compared and analyzed. Results: Of the 2,026 patients surveyed, 823 patients (40.6%) tested positive for one or more drugs. Among them, 12 cases (0.6%) were positive for methamphetamine and 40 cases (2.0%) were positive for tetrahydrocannabinol. The positive and the false-positive rates for methamphetamine were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. The positive and the false-positive rates for tetrahydrocannabinol were 2.5% and 97.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Methamphetamine showed a relatively low false-positive rate in our study. Therefore, this test seemed to assist in diagnosing methamphetamine poisoning when considered together with the present illness and physical examination results. On the other hand, the high false-positive rate for tetrahydrocannabinol tests indicates that this test was unlikely to assist in diagnosing tetrahydrocannabinol poisoning. However, considering the growing trend of illegal drug abusers in Korea, it may still be useful as a diagnostic tool for identifying drug users.
Laboratory analysis of acute acetaminophen overdose patients in Emergency Medical Centers: including analysis of one toxicological laboratory data
Authors: Kim In Chan , Won Sinae , Lee Arum , Jung Haeun , Lee Jeongsun , Oh Bum Jin
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available drug responsible for a large part of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in developed countries. Although acetaminophen overdose cases in Korea are being continuously reported, there are no reports related to the level of this drug in the patient's blood or of laboratory analysis at emergency departments (ED). This study sought to analyze the acetaminophen overdose cases at a toxicological laboratory and to survey APAP analysis services offered at select EDs. Methods: We analyzed the demographic and analytic data at a toxicological laboratory run by the National Emergency Medical Center (NMC) in 2019-2020. We surveyed the APAP laboratory service in the 38 regional emergency medical centers (EMCs) and 68 local EMCs near the toxicological laboratory. Results: We studied 175 acute poisoning cases (112 women) with positive blood APAP results (mean age 47.0±24.1 years). Suicide attempts comprised 40.0% of the cases and 30.3% APAP overdose events. In the univariate analysis, we observed that patients were significantly younger, with fewer underlying medical diseases. There were a higher number of APAP overdose events, more favorable initial mental status, more toxic quantity intake in the above treatment line group (p<0.05), In multivariate analysis, the toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent in the above treatment line group (p<0.01). Hospital APAP analysis services were available in six EMCs (3/38 regional and 3/68 local). The hospital blood APAP level reporting intervals were shorter than outside-hospital laboratory services (p<0.01, regional 7.0±3.0 vs. 40.6±27.5, local 5.3±3.1 vs. 57.9±45.1 hours). The NMC toxicological laboratory reporting interval was shorter than the other outside-hospital laboratories (p<0.01, regional 5.7±0.6 vs. 50.2±22.7 local 7.5±3.0 vs. 70.5±41.5 hours). Conclusion: Over the treatment line group, toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent. Only six of 106 EMCs have their own APAP analysis service in their hospitals.
Use of succimer as an alternative antidote in copper sulfate poisoning: A case report
Authors: Han Sang Kyoon , Park Sung Wook , Cho Young Mo , Wang Il Jae , Bae Byung Kwan , Yeom Seok Ran , Park Soon Chang
Published: June 2023

Copper sulfate is widely used as a fungicide and pesticide. Acute copper sulfate poisoning is rare but potentially lethal in severe cases. Copper sulfate can lead to cellular damage of red blood cells, hepatocytes, and myocytes. Toxic effects include intravascular hemolysis, acute tubular necrosis and, rhabdomyolysis. A 76-year-old man presented with vomiting and epigastric pain. He had ingested a copper-containing fungicide (about 13.5 g of copper sulfate) while attempting suicide 2 hours prior to presentation. From day 3 at the hospital, laboratory findings suggesting intravascular hemolysis were noted with increased serum creatinine level. He was treated with a chelating agent, dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer). His anemia and acute kidney injury gradually resolved with a 19-day regimen of succimer. Our case suggests that succimer can be used for copper sulfate poisoning when other chelating agents are not available.
Effects of N-acetylcystein on changes in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus after carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Kim Seon Tae , Yoo Su Jin
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the injury of putative parvalbumin positive interneurons defined by molecular marker and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a marker of neural plasticity following acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm CO for 40 minutes followed by 3000 ppm CO for 20 minutes. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of NAC (150 mg/kg) for 5 days after CO exposure. Changes in learning and spatial memory were evaluated by Y-maze test 5 days after the poisoning. In vivo LTP in hippocampal CA1 area was evaluated by using extracellular electrophysiological technique. Immunohistochemical staining were adopted to observe expressional damages of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus following the poisoning. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in no changes in memory performance at Y-maze test but a significant reduction of LTP in the in hippocampal CA1 area. There was also a significant reduction of PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area 5 days after CO poisoning. Daily treatment of NAC significantly improved hippocampal LTP impairment and reduced immunoreactivity for PV in the hippocampus following the acute CO poisoning. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that reduction of hippocampal LTP and PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampus is sensitive indicator for brain injury and daily NAC injections can be the alternative therapeutics for the injury induced by acute CO poisoning.
Causative Substance and Time of Mortality Presented to Emergency Department Following Acute Poisoning: 2014-2018 National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS)
Authors: Lee Hyeonjae , Choa Minhong , Han Eunah , Ko Dong Ryul , Ko Jaiwoog , Kong Taeyoung , Cho Junho , Chung Sung Phil
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of acute fatal poisoning and the time of death by analyzing the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of South Korea. Methods: The NEDIS data from 2014 to 2018 excluding non-medical visits were used for this study. The patients with acute poisoning were extracted using diagnostic codes. The toxic substances were classified into pharmaceuticals, pesticides, gases, artificial poisonous substances, and natural toxic substances. Patients were classified according to the time of death, place of death, and region. In each case, the most causative substances of poisoning were identified. Results: There were 380,531 patients including poisoning-related diagnoses, of which 4,148 (1.1%) died, and the WHO age-standardized mortality rate was 4.8 per 100,000. Analysis of 2,702 death patients whose primary diagnosis was acute poisoning, the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides (62%), followed by therapeutic drugs, gas, and artificial toxic substances. Herbicides were the most common pesticides at 64.5%. The proportion of mortality by time, hyperacute (<6 h) 27.9%, acute (6-24 h) 32.6%, subacute (1-7 d) 29.7%, and delayed period (>7 d) were 9.8%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides, and 60% of deaths occurred within 24 hours. The 71% of mortality from pesticides occurred within 6-24 hours, but mortality from gas was mostly within 6 hours. According to the geographic region, the primary cause of poisoning death was varied to pesticides or pharmaceuticals.