bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi with Meso‐rhizobium improves nutrient uptake, growth performance, and moisture stress tolerance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Yimer Tigist , Abera Girma , Beyene Sheleme , Bono Beyene , Rasche Frank
Published: September 2024

Biofertilizers can be better alternatives to chemical fertilizers to enhance plant nutrition and productivity as they improve the soil fertility and crop productivity in an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective manner. A pot experiment was conducted between December 2018 and March 2019 in southern Ethiopia to evaluate the combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Meso‐rhizobium (MR) on biomass yield, nutrient uptake, and moisture stress tolerance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (variety: Habru). The experiment was executed as a factorial arrangement using a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were control (non‐fertilized), sole AM fungi inoculation, AM fungi inoculation with phosphorus fertilizer (20 kg P ha−1) and MR, and sole inorganic fertilizers (20 kg P;10 kg N ha−1) at four different moisture levels (optimum throughout the growing season, stressed at vegetative, flowering, and seed filling stages). The results demonstrated that biomass yields were limited by moisture stress, especially at vegetative and flowering stages of chickpea. Sole and co‐application of AMF with MR and inorganic P increased biomass yields on average by 19%, 39%, and 33% under water stress conditions, respectively, compared to the non‐inoculated control. The application of AMF with MR and inorganic P also significantly increased nodulation, AMF colonization, and nutrient uptake, but these effects were dependent on soil moisture status. In conclusion, there are potential advantages to be gained from sole and combined AMF application with rhizobium to improve growth and productivity of chickpea through enhanced nutrient and water uptake, though the results of this pot experiment should be validated through field trials.
Inter‐archipelago dispersal, anagenetic evolution, and the origin of a rare, enigmatic plant genus on a remote oceanic archipelago
Authors: Cho Myong‐Suk , Kim Seon‐Hee , Danton Philippe , Kim Seung‐Chul , Stuessy Tod F. , Crawford Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Premise

Island plants have long interested biologists because of their distinctive morphological features and their isolation on small land areas in vast oceans. Studies of insular endemics may include identifying their ancestors, tracing their dispersal to islands, and describing their evolution on islands, including characters adaptive to island life. Thamnoseris is a monospecific genus endemic to the Desventuradas Islands, Chile. Its origins and relationships are unresolved, given the challenges of getting to the islands and accessing plants there.

Methods

Sequences from ITS of nrDNA and the complete chloroplast genome were employed to resolve phylogenetic relationships of Thamnoseris.

Results

Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast sequences showed Thamnoseris nested within or sister to Dendroseris, the largest endemic genus in the Juan Fernández Islands.

Conclusions

Thamnoseris evolved from a common ancestor of all or most species of Dendroseris prior to the diversification of Dendroseris in the Juan Fernández archipelago. The ancestor of Thamnoseris dispersed to the Desventuradas archipelago, which consists of the islands San Ambrosio and San Félix, within the past 3 Ma (the age of San Ambrosio). This is the only known example of possible plant dispersa\l between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands. We also mention two less likely biogeographic scenarios for the origin of Thamnoseris, which has features not seen in Dendroseris: small capitula with yellow florets; style branches barely divergent; and basally swollen subtending involucral bracts, all features associated with selfing and reduced dispersal. Goats and rabbits (now removed) reduced T. lacerata, once very abundant on the Desventuradas Islands, to several plants, making it of extreme conservation concern and worthy of further study.
Future considerations for implementation and impact of community narrative initiatives
Authors: Yaros Anna , Graham Phillip W.
Published: September 2024

In response to communities where individuals experience both disproportionate numbers of Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other health inequities, narrative change has emerged as a powerful tool to change how ACEs are viewed and addressed by communities. The special issue presents a set of papers examining efforts to use narrative change to address ACEs. In this commentary, we offer reflections on the introduction and three articles of the special issue and point to future considerations for implementation and impact of community narrative initiatives. For example, we assert that to prevent and address the outcomes of ACEs such as substance use and mental health problems, communities need to include and amplify the voices of those with lived experience during decision‐making about policy. We also espouse using research models of resilience in communities as a way to further uptake of narrative change strategies in the literature on ACEs and health disparities in communities. Using trauma‐informed outcomes and measures are also critical to measure how narrative change can move the needle to promote health equity.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Conductive Polymers
Authors: Stern Quentin , Verhaeghe Guillaume , El Daraï Théo , Montarnal Damien , Huu Le Nghia , Veyre Laurent , Thieuleux Chloé , Bocquelet Charlotte , Cala Olivier , Jannin Sami
Published: September 2024

The low sensitivity of liquid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be overcome by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). It consists of transferring the near‐unity polarization of unpaired electron spins of stable radicals to the nuclear spins of interest at liquid helium temperatures, below 2 K, before melting the sample in view of hyperpolarized liquid‐state magnetic resonance experiments. Reaching such a temperature is challenging and requires complex instrumentation, which impedes the deployment of dDNP. Here, we propose organic conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) as a new class of polarizing matrices and report 1H polarizations of up to 5 %. We also show that 13C spins of a host solution impregnated in porous conductive polymers can be hyperpolarized by relayed DNP. Such conductive polymers can be synthesized as chiral and display current induced spin selectivity leading to electron spin hyperpolarization close to unity without the need for low temperatures nor high magnetic fields. Our results show the feasibility of solid‐state DNP in conductive polymers that are known to exhibit chirality‐induced spin selectivity.
Regulating Intermolecular Interactions and Film Formation Kinetics for Record Efficiency in Difluorobenzothiadizole‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Zhu Shenbo , Peng Xiaoxiao , Luo Siwei , Liang Wenting , Zhang Ziyue , Dou Yunjie , Zhang Guangye , Chen Shangshang , Hu Huawei , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2024

The difluorobenzothiadizole (ffBT) unit is one of the most classic electron‐accepting building blocks used to construct D‐A copolymers for applications in organic solar cells (OSCs). Historically, ffBT‐based polymers have achieved record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in fullerene‐based OSCs owing to their strong temperature‐dependent aggregation (TDA) characteristics. However, their excessive miscibility and rapid aggregation kinetics during film formation have hindered their performance with state‐of‐the‐art non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Herein, we synthesized two ffBT‐based copolymers, PffBT‐2T and PffBT‐4T, incorporating different π‐bridges to modulate intermolecular interactions and aggregation tendencies. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that PffBT‐4T exhibits reduced electrostatic potential differences and miscibility with L8‐BO compared to PffBT‐2T. This facilitates improved phase separation in the active layer, leading to enhanced molecular packing and optimized morphology. Moreover, PffBT‐4T demonstrated a prolonged nucleation and crystal growth process, leading to enhanced molecular packing and optimized morphology. Consequently, PffBT‐4T‐based devices achieved a remarkable PCE of 17.5 %, setting a new record for ffBT‐based photovoltaic polymers. Our findings underscore the importance of conjugate backbone modulation in controlling aggregation behavior and film formation kinetics, providing valuable insights for the design of high‐performance polymer donors in organic photovoltaics.
‘Like a rabbit in the headlights’: A psychoanalytically oriented exploration of performance anxiety in professional musicians
Authors: Miley Angelina , O’Connor John , Ní Longphuirt Eithne
Published: September 2024

Performance anxiety is a significant professional problem among musicians. A psychoanalytically oriented qualitative research design was employed to explore the psychological realities of six professional musicians from various genres, including classical, folk, jazz, and crossover music. Each participant took part in three unstructured hour‐long interviews. Analysis focused on the integration of conscious and unconscious elements in order to provide some insight into participants' internal worlds. Three interrelated themes emerged from the data: 1. ‘The masquerade’, conveying the idea of a covering up of the visible signs of anxiety, and a simulation of confidence on stage; 2. ‘The lair of the beast’, describing the backdrop of the music industry, experienced as a threatening underworld; and 3. ‘The ghost’, reflecting a sense of the overhang of anxiety from earlier generations. Emergent themes were linked to psychoanalytic concepts, including Winnicott's concept of a false self and Freud's discussion of the uncanny. The multifaceted nature of performance anxiety, as evidenced in the material brought by participants in this study, is explored within the discussion. Directions for further research and clinical implications in relation to the culture of the music industry and working with performance anxiety in a psychotherapeutic context, are also outlined.
An Invasive Predator Substantially Alters Energy Flux Without Changing Food Web Functional State or Stability
Authors: Glassic Hayley C. , Junker James R. , Guy Christopher S. , Tronstad Lusha M. , Briggs Michelle A. , Albertson Lindsey K. , Lujan Dominique R. , Brenden Travis O. , Walsworth Timothy E. , Koel Todd M.
Published: September 2024

Understanding how invasive species affect the stability and function of ecosystems is critical for conservation. Here, we quantified the effect of an actively suppressed invasive species on the Yellowstone Lake ecosystem using a food web energetics approach. We compared energy flux, functional state, and stability of four food web states: a pre‐invasion network and three post‐invasion networks undergoing active invasive species suppression, namely, initial invasion, expansion, and decline. Invasion caused ≥ 25% change (±) in energy flux for most consumers, and total flux increased twofold post‐invasion. Flux to the species of conservation concern, Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri), was 2.8 times less post‐invasion versus pre‐invasion, whereas invasive lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) flux was up to 17.3 times higher compared to the initial invasion network. The dominant functional state and food web stability did not change post‐invasion, likely due to introduction of a generalist predator and the stabilizing effect of suppression. Lake trout invasion in Yellowstone Lake caused large changes to energy flux, shifting dominant fluxes away from the species of conservation concern, despite not changing functional state or stability. We demonstrate that changes in energy flux may signal invasions in ecosystems, but functional state or stability may not necessarily reflect the magnitude of invasion influences. For invaded fish communities, a better understanding of how the invasive species control the food web beyond just the direct influence on prey can be achieved by investigating energy flux, functional state, and food web stability. Furthermore, evaluating the effect of suppression beyond the invasive species can demonstrate the far‐reaching value of suppression management actions for conservation.
Synthesis of N/O Atoms Co‐Doped Biochar with 3D Porous Structure for Effective Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Yang Zheng , Zhang Mengjie , Wang Shipeng , Lu Yuqing , Yu Boyue , Liu Nian , Gao Xinrui , Wang Qingwen , Yang Wei , Li Qianqian , Wang Jing
Published: September 2024

Developing biochar with large specific surface area (SSA), heteroatom doping, and porous structure is attracting substantial attention to absorb electromagnetic wave (EMW) in recent. Herein, a novel method of ethanol and KOH co‐treatment is used to produce the biomass carbon deriving from pitaya peels. The obtained carbon possesses the high SSA of 1580 m2/g, successful N/O atoms co‐doping, and massive pores with different size. The results of EMW absorption measurement show that the prepared biochar could achieve over 99 % absorpition to EMW, which the highest reflection loss is of ca. −45.25 dB at 7.54 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of ca. 4.87 GHz. The execellent microwave absorption property is caused by the surface defects, dipole and interface polarizations of the synthesized biochar owning unique microstructure and N/O atoms co‐doping. Hence, this avenue provides a new reference for fabricating low‐cost and eco‐friendly biochar as a microwave absorber.
Equivalence Framing and the Construction of Advocacy Messages
Authors: Liu Jiawei , McLeod Douglas M. , Lu Linqi
Published: September 2024

Alternative messages that present logically equivalent information, often referred to as equivalence frames, have been shown to influence readers' opinions on public issues. While equivalence framing has been studied in the context of issue advocacy, exhibiting pervasive effects across domains of decision‐making, little attention has been paid to whether the general public is able to choose these equivalence frames based on the goal of persuasion. Given that framing effects have important implications on democratic decision‐making, this paper reports on experiments that manipulate the strategic goal of policy advocacy (i.e., supporting alternative policy proposals) and ask respondents to select between equivalence frames to enhance the persuasive power of the advocacy toward the specified goal. Findings across three issue topics suggest that for the general adult population, only a small proportion of people were able to select equivalence frames based on the goal of persuasion with most people failing to do so. Also, a follow‐up study with a university student sample showed that familiarity with one equivalence frame over the other was a more consistent predictor of equivalence frame use than the goal of advocacy in communicating policy issues.
Association of obesity indicators with cognitive function among US adults aged 60 years and older: Results from NHANES
Authors: Chen Leian , Hou Ying , Sun Yu , Peng Dantao
Published: September 2024

Background

Midlife obesity is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but the effects of obesity on cognitive function, either detrimental or beneficial, are controversial among older individuals. This study aims to assess this associations of body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) with cognitive function among United States older individuals.

Methods

A cross‐sectional research study was conducted utilizing data from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Initially, the study compared differences in cognitive function among the normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Subsequently, we examined the relationships between BMI or WC and cognitive function using multivariate linear regression. Finally, structural equation models were constructed to assess the relationships among body shape, lifestyle, and cognitive function pathways.

Results

The study included 2254 individuals. Obese subjects had lower scores in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) word list learning tasks (CERAD‐WL) (χ2 = 7.804, p = .020) and digit symbol substitution test (χ2 = 8.869, p = .012). The regression analysis showed that WC was negatively connected with the CERAD‐WL score after adjusting for confounding factors (β = −.029, p = .045). Moreover, WC had a mediating effect on the path from lifestyle to cognition (CERAD‐WL). However, there was no difference in the CERAD delayed recall score and the animal fluency test between the obese and the other groups.

Conclusions

Obese older adults exhibited impaired cognitive abilities in terms of learning and working memory performance. The impact of lifestyle on cognition was mediated by obesity‐related anthropometric indices. Sleep, physical activity, and diet influenced the degree of obesity, which subsequently determined cognitive function. Prioritizing weight management in elderly people is crucial for safeguarding cognitive function.
Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and cognitive function in older adults with/without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhang Jiajia , Zhuang Jiaru , Wang Yuan , Xu Dewu , Wu Yibo
Published: September 2024

Background

Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease, who face an increased risk of cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and cognitive function in older individuals, both with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

In this study, we analyzed data from 2728 participants in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for the Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD W‐L), the animal fluency test (AFT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and the global cognitive z‐score. The GNRI, representing whole‐body nutritional status, was calculated based on serum albumin, body weight, and ideal body weight. We employed weighted multiple linear regression analyses and subgroup analyses to assess the independent association of GNRI with cognitive function in CKD and non‐CKD populations. Smoothing techniques were used to fit curves, and interaction tests were used to assess the robustness and specificity of the findings.

Results

Our analyses revealed a significant positive association between higher GNRI levels and cognitive function in the older US population (for global z‐score: β = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00, 0.01). This association remained consistent across various subgroup analyses, including those for different gender groups, age groups, smoking statuses, diabetes statuses, hypertension statuses, individuals with a BMI below 25, individuals who consumed alcohol, and non‐Hispanic white individuals. Smoothed curve‐fitting analyses indicated that the GNRI was linearly related to cognitive function. No statistically significant interactions were detected among these variables.

Conclusion

Our findings emphasize the positive association between GNRI and cognitive health in individuals with or without CKD, especially when combined with other risk factors. Consequently, enhancing the nutritional status of the elderly may serve as a viable strategy to thwart the onset of cognitive decline.
Inpatient psychotherapy for complex personality pathology: The long‐term development of symptoms, well‐being and schema modes
Authors: Pietersen Roel M. , Timmerman Karin , Westerhof Gerben J.
Published: September 2024

Problem

Inpatient psychotherapy can offer positive treatment outcomes for people with complex personality pathology who do not benefit from outpatient treatment. Little is known about how the development of schema modes during treatment relates to long‐term development of symptoms, well‐being and schema modes.

Method

This study employed a naturalistic, exploratory, within‐subject design with long‐term follow‐up (LFU) measurement 2–8 years after discharge. Course and correlation of symptoms, well‐being and schema modes were examined through multilevel analyses.

Results

Best scores on symptoms, well‐being and schema modes were at LFU. The higher the baseline level and the greater the results achieved on schema modes during treatment, the more positive the course of symptoms and well‐being becomes during treatment and in the long term.

Conclusion

This study shows that results achieved on symptoms, well‐being and schema modes during inpatient psychotherapy treatment persist and even continue to improve two to eight years after treatment.
Phenolic Acids Derivatives from Meehania Fargesii with Anti‐inflammation Effects
Authors: Liu Xingpeng , Zhu Jialiang , Zeng Jun , Qiao Mingming , Wang Hanchuan , Shen Mingyi , Meng Dali
Published: September 2024

Utilizing systematic plant chemistry separation techniques, two previously unreported phenolic acids (1–2) and eighteen (3–20) phenolic acids were isolated from 70 % ethanol extract of Meehania fargesii var. radicans (Vaniot) C.Y.Wu. The structures of the unreported compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and HR‐ESI‐MS. The activity of all isolated phenolic acids was evaluated for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among the isolated compounds, compounds 1 and 19 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against NO production in RAW264.7 cells, with higher concentrations being more active than the indomethacin, without displaying cytotoxicity. This study provides a basis for the application and development of M. fargesii and the discovery of natural anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Unveiling the uncommon: Gas‐containing renal stones—A unique case study
Authors: Zeinalkhani Fahimeh , Kamali Hakim Peyman , Movahedi Mahdiyeh , Zare Bozorgabadi Fatemeh , Movahedi Maryam
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Gas‐containing renal stones are a rare condition. There is an association between renal stones containing gas, urinary tract infection, and renal fusion anomalies, so it is essential to know the radiographic features for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Regulating Li electrodeposition by constructing Cu–Sn nanotube thin layer for reliable and robust anode‐free all‐solid‐state batteries
Authors: Kim Jaeik , Lee Seungwoo , Kim Jeongheon , Park Joonhyeok , Lee Hyungjun , Kwon Jiseok , Sun Seho , Choi Junghyun , Paik Ungyu , Song Taeseup
Published: September 2024

Anode‐free all‐solid‐state batteries (AF‐ASSBs) have received significant attention as a next‐generation battery system due to their high energy density and safety. However, this system still faces challenges, such as poor Coulombic efficiency and short‐circuiting caused by Li dendrite growth. In this study, the AF‐ASSBs are demonstrated with reliable and robust electrochemical properties by employing Cu–Sn nanotube (NT) thin layer (~1 µm) on the Cu current collector for regulating Li electrodeposition. LixSn phases with high Li‐ion diffusivity in the lithiated Cu–Sn NT layer enable facile Li diffusion along with its one‐dimensional hollow geometry. The unique structure, in which Li electrodeposition takes place between the Cu–Sn NT layer and the current collector by the Coble creep mechanism, improves cell durability by preventing solid electrolyte (SE) decomposition and Li dendrite growth. Furthermore, the large surface area of the Cu–Sn NT layer ensures close contact with the SE layer, leading to a reduced lithiation overpotential compared to that of a flat Cu–Sn layer. The Cu–Sn NT layer also maintains its structural integrity owing to its high mechanical properties and porous nature, which could further alleviate the mechanical stress. The LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM)|SE|Cu–Sn NT@Cu cell with a practical capacity of 2.9 mAh cm−2 exhibits 83.8% cycle retention after 150 cycles and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.85% at room temperature. It also demonstrates a critical current density 4.5 times higher compared to the NCM|SE|Cu cell.
Composite electrolytes and interface designs for progressive solid‐state sodium batteries
Authors: Hou Junyu , Zhu Tianke , Wang Gang , Cheacharoen Rongrong , Sun Wu , Lei Xingyu , Yuan Qunyao , Sun Dalin , Zhao Jie
Published: September 2024

Solid‐state sodium batteries (SSSBs) are poised to replace lithium‐ion batteries as viable alternatives for energy storage systems owing to their high safety and reliability, abundance of raw material, and low costs. However, as the core constituent of SSSBs, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with low ionic conductivities at room temperature (RT) and unstable interfaces with electrodes hinder the development of SSSBs. Recently, composite SSEs (CSSEs), which inherit the desirable properties of two phases, high RT ionic conductivity, and high interfacial stability, have emerged as viable alternatives; however, their governing mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of CSSEs, classified into inorganic–inorganic, polymer–polymer, and inorganic–polymer types, and discuss their structure–property relationship in detail. Moreover, the CSSE–electrode interface issues and effective strategies to promote intimate and stable interfaces are summarized. Finally, the trends in the design of CSSEs and CSSE–electrode interfaces are presented, along with the future development prospects of high‐performance SSSBs.
Post‐Transition State Bifurcation Controls Torsional Selectivity in Radical Addition of Allenes
Authors: Wu Rong‐Kai , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Hong Xin
Published: September 2024

Post‐transition state bifurcation (PTSB) has received wide attention in the field of reaction mechanism research due to its role in producing nonstatistical reaction selectivity, which cannot be solely explained by transition state theory. Particularly, even subtle molecular motions such as bond torsion can precipitate PTSB, thereby significantly complicating the quantitative understanding of dynamic selectivity. In this work, we found that the radical addition of allenes is an elementary transformation that generally exhibits PTSB stereoselectivity, where a single radical addition transition state can lead to both Z‐ and E‐allylic radicals via the post‐transition state allylic single bond torsion. Interestingly, dynamic Z/E‐selectivity favors the Z‐allylic radicals, which contrasts the thermodynamic preference. Based on the dynamics study of twenty‐five radical additions of mono‐substituted allenes with diverse electronic and steric effects, we have identified that this dynamic stereoselectivity is synergistically controlled by the transition state structure and the differential trends within specific dimensions of the bifurcating reaction coordinates, which also holds true for di‐substituted allene substrates. This study refines the mechanism of radical addition of allenes and underscores the importance of the differential trend of the reaction coordinates in controlling dynamic selectivity, offering a deeper insight into PTSB selectivity factors.
Enantiomer Recognition by the Difference in Adsorption Rates on the Surfaces of Chiral Crystals
Authors: Belonogov Eduard , Ermolaeva Ekaterina , Zinoviev Ilya , Zhang Zhi‐hui , Guskov Vladimir
Published: September 2024

The chirality of biopolymers remains one of the mysteries of Life. For such objects, the phenomenon of supramolecular chirality (SMC) is vital. Enantiomers can be recognized by the adsorption on surfaces with SMC. However, the mechanisms of such chiral recognition are still unknown. In this work, the adsorption kinetics of menthol test enantiomers on the surfaces of γ‐glycine and NiSO4•6H2O chiral crystals was studied. It was found that the difference in adsorption was observed in nonequilibrium state more often than in equilibrium. If the enantioselectivity in equilibrium state was observed, the enantioselectivity coefficient α at nonequilibrium conditions was higher. The maximum α in nonequilibrium state was 2.44 for γ‐glycine crystals and 2.12 for NiSO4•6H2O crystals. Even if no differences in adsorption were observed under adsorption–desorption equilibrium conditions, a significant enantioselectivity at nonequilibrium conditions was found. This has proved the possibility of chiral recognition on surfaces with SMC by the differences in adsorption rates. Such novel chiral recognition mechanism can provide enhanced enantioselectivity in adsorption, catalysis, chromatographic separation, and chemical sensing.
The Impact of Body Mass Index on the Mortality of Myocardial Infarction Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Dong Chaohui , Kacmaz Mustafa , Schlettert Clara , Abumayyaleh Mohammad , Akin Ibrahim , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Mügge Andreas , Aweimer Assem , Hamdani Nazha , El‐Battrawy Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Myocardial infarction without significant stenosis or occlusion of the coronary arteries carries a high risk of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index and outcomes in patients with a suspected myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA).

Methods

Patients were recruited at Bergmannsheil University Hospital from January 2010 to April 2021. The primary outcomes were in‐hospital and long‐term mortality. Secondary outcomes consisted of adverse events during hospitalization and during follow‐up.

Results

A total of 373 patients were included in the study, with a mean follow‐up time of 6.2 years. The patients were divided into different BMI groups: < 25 kg/m² (n = 121), 25−30 kg/m² (n = 140), and > 30 kg/m² (n = 112). In‐hospital mortality was 1.7% versus 2.1% versus 4.5% (p = 0.368). However, long‐term mortality tended to be higher in the < 25 kg/m² group compared to the 25−30 and > 30 kg/m² groups (log‐rank p = 0.067). Subgroup analysis using Kaplan−Meier analysis showed a higher rate of cardiac cause of death in the < 25 kg/m² group compared to the 25−30 and > 30 kg/m² groups: 5.7% versus 1.1% versus 0.0% (log‐rank p = 0.042). No significant differences were observed in other adverse events between the different BMI groups during hospitalization and long‐term follow‐up.

Conclusions

Patients with a BMI < 25 kg/m² who experience a suspected myocardial infarction without significant coronary artery disease may have higher all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular cause of death. However, further data are needed to confirm these findings.
Flavonol‐Ruthenium Complexes as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wu Ting‐Wei , Chu Yi‐Cheng , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Hsieh Yu‐Hui , Tang Mei‐Hsin , Hsu Pei‐Hsuan , Wu Hsin‐Ying , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien
Published: September 2024

Flavonol‐metal complexes can enhance the biological activity of flavonols. Inspired by the potential of ruthenium‐based drugs in pharmaceutical applications, seven flavonol‐Ru (II) complexes were synthesized to evaluate their biological activities. Among these compounds, compounds 8, 11, and 12 showed potent antioxidant activities. Compound 12 exhibited superior anti‐inflammatory activity to natural quercetin, which served as a positive control. This study is the first to report the free radical scavenging abilities and antioxidant activity of flavonol‐Ru (II) complexes. Furthermore, compound 12 demonstrated comparable efficacy to 5‐FU against human non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells (A549). These results strongly support the potential of flavonol‐Ru (II) agents.
Biomimetic Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Jiang Tiantian , Zhan Yiduo , Ding Jiayao , Song Zheming , Zhang Yijing , Li Jingchao , Su Ting
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticles can enhance drugs accumulating at the tumor site and hold tremendous promise for achieving effective tumor treatment. However, due to the complexity of cancer heterogeneity and suppressive tumor microenvironment, the delivery of traditional nanoparticles has poor infiltration and off‐target effects, making it difficult to control the drug release rate and causing off‐target toxicity. In recent years, cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoparticles have been developed, which have both the natural characteristics of biomembranes and the physical characteristics of traditional nanoparticles, thus improving the homologous targeting ability of nanoparticles to tumor cells and better biocompatibility. In this paper, we reviewed the application of single cell membrane and hybrid cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoparticles in the integration for tumor diagnosis and treatment. We talked about the preparation methods of cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles, the targeting mechanisms, and the effects of imaging and therapeutic outcomes of different cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoparticles in detail. Finally, we discussed the existing problems and prospects of cell membrane‐coated biomimetic nanomaterials.
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 expression in breast and nonbreast metastases from Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreatic primary tumors by immunohistochemistry with cytology cell block specimens
Authors: Donthi Deepak , Gan Qiong , Ding Qing Qing , Krishnamurthy Savitri
Published: September 2024

Background

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1) expression in primary breast and other solid tumors has been investigated but its role as a marker in metastatic tumors is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 as a breast cancer immunomarker in metastatic tumors that originated from breast, Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal (GI), and pancreatic primary tumors with cell blocks from fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and effusion specimens.

Methods

Cell blocks were immunostained with anti‐TRPS1 monoclonal antibody (clone EPR16171). Histochemical scores (H scores) (proportion × intensity; range, 0–300) were assigned; H scores of ≥10 were considered positive. Overall, 160 specimens were examined, including 127 FNAs (35 breast, 25 Müllerian, 36 lung, and 31 GI and pancreatic carcinomas) and 33 effusion specimens (18 breast, 12 Müllerian, one lung, and two GI carcinomas).

Results

TRPS1 was positive in 51 of 53 (96%) metastatic breast carcinomas and in 28 of 107 (26.2%) nonbreast metastatic tumors. Metastatic breast carcinoma showed the highest mean H score of 247.35, compared to 45.36 in Müllerian, 8.4 in lung, and 5.88 in GI tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 for identifying a breast origin in metastatic tumors was 96.22% and 72.89%, respectively.

Conclusions

Despite high overall sensitivity, TRPS1 showed lower specificity as a breast immunomarker because of its expression in nonbreast tumors. The mean H score in nonbreast tumors was significantly lower than in metastatic breast tumors. It is important to recognize the broad range of expression of TRPS1 in metastatic breast and nonbreast tumors to avoid an incorrect determination of a metastatic tumor’s organ of origin.
Performance enhancement in hybrid SDN using advanced deep learning with multi‐objective optimization frameworks under heterogeneous environments
Authors: Bishla Deepak , Kumar Brijesh
Published: September 2024

The growth of software‐defined networking (SDN) enhances network strength and provides flexible routing, especially in heterogeneous environments. Hence, an efficient framework is required for recent networks. Recently, hybrid SDN with the restricted deployment of SDN switches has been integrated with a conventional network that provides improved communication performance compared to traditional SDN systems. However, the recent hybrid SDNs lack effective link protection and optimal routing when used with complex topologies. Hence, this study presents a novel deep learning–based hybridized multi‐stacked autoencoder with the duo‐directed gated recurrent unit (MSAE‐DDGRU) for automatic link failure prediction in hybrid SDN. Moreover, a multi‐objective zebra optimizer (MO‐ZeO) is introduced to perform optimal routing by solving multiple routing constraints. The developed study is processed with the Python platform, and publicly available GEANT topology is utilized for the whole experimental process. Various assessment measures like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, packet loss, cost, maximum link utilization (MLU), policy violation rates (PVRs), packet delivery ratio (PDR), and delay are analyzed and compared with existing studies. The developed technique achieved an accuracy of 96%, precision of 92%, sensitivity of 93%, PDR of 99.4%, PVR of 0.0005, and delay of 1.2 s are obtained.
Dual‐port circular patch antenna array: Enhancing gain and minimizing cross‐polarization for mm‐wave 5G networks
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Baghel Gaurav Singh , Swati M. V.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a single‐layer, high‐gain, millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave), corporate–series‐fed, 16‐element circular patch array antenna tailored for the 28 GHz frequency band, pertinent to fifth‐generation (5G) wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna configuration employs a dual‐port feeding technique, where consecutive junction patches are interconnected with two separate feed networks. By simultaneously exciting the two ports with identical amplitude but opposite phases, the antenna achieves high gain directed towards the broadside. The proposed structure is fabricated on a grounded substrate, enabling accurate performance measurement of the prototype. Close agreement between simulated and measured results validates the precision of the designed structure. The measured performance of the proposed antenna configuration demonstrates an impedance bandwidth of 3.79% within the desired frequency band of 27.6‐28.7 GHz for S11 ≤ −10 dB. Experimental measurements demonstrated that the mutual coupling between the two distinct ports is <−30 dB, with a diversity gain exceeding 9.99 dB. Simulated radiation efficiency exceeds 90% at the 28 GHz center frequency, while the measured peak gain approaches 17.7 dBi. Measured stable radiation plots specify that the proposed array exhibits broadside patterns with half‐power beamwidths (HPBWs) of 30.4° and 11.3°, sidelobe levels (SLLs) below −25 and −10 dB, and cross‐polarization levels <−25 dB in both the E and H planes, respectively. The superior performance characteristics of the proposed array antenna make it well‐suited for 28 GHz mm‐wave 5G applications, facilitating efficient and reliable long‐range communication in the mm‐wave spectrum.
Birds in arid regions have depauperate louse communities: Climate change implications?
Authors: Bush Sarah E. , Waller Matthew M. , Davis Kyle M. , Clayton Sonora F. , Clayton Dale H.
Published: September 2024

Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity influence the distribution of free‐living organisms. As climates change, the distributions of these organisms change along with their associated parasites, mutualists and commensals. Less studied, however, is the possibility that environmental conditions may directly influence the distribution of these symbionts even if the hosts are able to persist in altered environments. Here, we investigate the diversity of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on birds in arid Utah compared to the humid Bahamas. We quantified the parasite loads of 500 birds. We found that the prevalence, abundance and richness of lice was considerably lower among birds in Utah, compared to the Bahamas, despite sampling greater host taxonomic richness in Utah. Our data suggest that as climates change, birds in arid regions will have less diverse louse communities over time, potentially relieving birds of some of the cost of controlling these ectoparasites. Conversely, birds in more humid regions will see an increase in louse diversity, which may require them to invest more time and energy in anti‐parasite defense. Additional research with other ectoparasites of birds and mammals across different environmental conditions is needed to more fully understand how climate change may reshape parasite communities, and how these changes could influence their hosts.
Effect of Terraces and Rainfall on Water and Soil Loss in Pinus tabulaeformis Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region of China
Authors: Huang Yue , Wei Wei , Chen Shengnan
Published: September 2024

The Loess Plateau is one of the most severely eroded areas in the world. A series of ecological measures (e.g., terracing, afforestation and reforestation) have been implemented to rehabilitate the environment. However, consecutive field observations are still inadequate regarding the benefits of eco‐measures on erosion reductions. In this study, surface runoff and soil loss were monitored at the plots of Pinus tabulaeformis with two different terraces and natural slope, including fish scale pits with Pinus tabulaeformis (F–P.t), control slope (natural slope) with Pinus tabulaeformis (C–P.t) and zig terraces with Pinus tabulaeformis (Z–P.t) in the growing season of 2015–2021. Results showed that terraces played a key role in reducing water and soil loss compared to natural slopes. The zig terraces had the greatest runoff and soil loss reduction benefits (43.38% and 67.75%, respectively). Maximum runoff and sediment occurred under the rainfall with high intensity and short duration. Runoff depth was better explained by rainfall depth and rainfall duration compared to soil loss rate. Compared with the natural slope, the degree of explanation of multiple regression models for terrace plots dropped to 36.1%–41.2% for runoff depth and declined to 12.7%–19.5% for soil erosion rate. This study revealed that different terracing measures with afforestation can effectively contribute to soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau of China. The combination of zig terraces and P. tabulaeformis is recommended as it has the best potential for improving the micro‐topography, storing rainfall and decreasing soil erosion. These results can help evaluate ecological restoration projects on the Loess Plateau and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of terracing projects in similar areas.
The power of many: Multilevel targeting of representative chemokine and metabolite GPCRs in personalized cancer therapy
Authors: Inverso Donato , Tacconi Carlotta , Ranucci Serena , De Giovanni Marco
Published: September 2024

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are vital cell surface receptors that govern a myriad of physiological functions. Despite their crucial role in regulating antitumor immunity and tumorigenesis, therapeutic applications targeting GPCRs in oncology are currently limited. This review offers a focused examination of selected protumorigenic chemokine and metabolite‐sensing GPCRs. Specifically, the review highlights five GPCRs able to orchestrate tumor immunobiology at three main levels: tumor immunity, cancer cell expansion, and blood vessel development. The review culminates by illuminating emerging therapies and discussing innovative strategies to harness the full potential of GPCR‐targeted treatments, by applying a multireceptor and patient‐specific logic.
Synthesis parameters and formulation of metakaolin based geopolymer matrix composites for high‐temperature applications (1150°C)
Authors: Cligny Quentin , Hyvernaud Eloise , Gharzouni Ameni , Brandt Damien , Rossignol Sylvie
Published: September 2024

Geopolymer matrix composites (GMCs) are actively being developed for high‐temperature applications. In this work, we investigated different composite preparation parameters, such as the elaboration conditions (time, temperature and pressure) and composite dimensions (number of folds and surface area). In addition, we studied the effect of alkali cations (NaK or K), on metakaolin based geopolymer matrix composition, and textile type (N312, N610) of the composites on fiber–matrix interactions in high‐temperature geopolymer composites and their flexural behavior. The process we ultimately selected was as follows: an 8.5‐fold composite of surface area 100 cm2 was pressed for 2 h at 120°C. After thermal treatment at 1150°C, composites containing the N312 textile with B2O3 showed greater heterogeneity, viscous flow and lower flexural strength (7 MPa) due to fiber–matrix interactions. In contrast, above 1150°C, composites with the N610 textile had no fiber–matrix interactions and showed greater flexural strength (51 MPa). The specific flexural strength correlated well with the overmodifying element ratio based on the composite composition. In fact, the presence of viscous flow suggested that boron and some aluminum atoms could act as network modifiers. Thus, the two ratios were or depending on the presence of viscous flow.
A smart and sustainable framework resolving safety and ergonomics issues in underground mining: A review and insight for future scenario
Authors: Tripathi Varun , Patwal Rituraj Singh
Published: September 2024

Mining was considered as a dangerous job which has now turned into much safer employment with the development of automation and communication techniques in mines. In mining, the equipment, tools, and techniques have changed significantly and continue to transform. This review work explores numerous such emerging problems and opportunities in different mining circumstances. The occupational safety and health management methods, as well as risk control technology allied with the mining industry, includes day‐to‐day management of operations, identification and assessment of risks, premature warning and active risk monitoring, etc. The research work in the safe and sustainable environment reveals that the major accidents occur due to natural calamity, human error, the control of which would ensure a sustainable and safe working environment for miners to a considerable extent. The present study proposed a smart and sustainable framework for a safe and clean environment for emerging safety and ergonomics issues through automated mining concept. The proposed framework has been developed by reviewing the previous research work related to mine safety, mine hazard, health, ergonomic issues, and mine automation.