bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bimetallic MOF‐Derived Solar‐Triggered Monolithic Adsorbent for Enhanced Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Luo Fan , Liang Xianghui , Chen Weicheng , Wang Shuangfeng , Gao Xuenong , Zhang Zhengguo , Fang Yutang
Published: July 2023

The development of economical, energy‐saving, and efficient metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based adsorbents for atmospheric water collection is highly imperative for the rapid advancement of renewable freshwater resource exploitation. Herein, a feasible one‐step solvothermal formation strategy of bimetallic MOF (BMOF) is proposed and applied to construct a solar‐triggered monolithic adsorbent for enhanced atmospheric water collection. Benefiting from the reorganization and adjustment of topology structure by Al atoms and Fe atoms, the resultant BMOF(3) consisting of Al‐fumarate and MIL‐88A has a higher specific surface area (1202.99 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.51 cm3 g−1), thereby outperforming the parental MOFs and other potential MOFs in absorbing water. Expanding upon this finding, the solar‐triggered monolithic adsorbent is further developed through a bottom‐up assembly of polyaniline/chitosan layers and hybridized BMOF(3) skeletons on a glass fiber support. The resultant monolithic adsorbent exhibits superior sorption‐desorption kinetics, leading to directional water transport and rapid solar‐assisted vapor diffusion. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, an exquisite water harvester is constructed to emphasize a high water yield of 1.19 g g−1 per day of the designed monolithic adsorbent. Therefore, the design and validation of bimetallic MOF‐derived solar‐triggered adsorbent in this work are expected to provide a reference for the large‐scale applications of MOF‐based atmospheric water harvesting.
Rapid Detection and Selective Extraction of Au(III) from Electronic Waste Using an Oxime Functionalized MOF‐on‐MOF Heterostructure
Authors: Mei Douchao , Yan Bing
Published: July 2023

Gold is not only a precious resource for many industries but also a global contaminant as a result of the discharge of gold‐containing waste. Designing appropriate materials for the detection and extraction of gold is of great significance for the economy and environment. However, most reports only focus on sensing or adsorption for gold because of the difficulty of combining two functions in a single material. Herein, an oxime‐functionalized MOF‐on‐MOF heterostructure (MOF‐808@ZIF‐90‐XE) for the simultaneous detection and recovery of Au3+ is first demonstrated. The constructed hybrid material exhibits good stability, ultra‐fast response time (3.6 s) as well as excellent sensitivity for the detection of Au3+. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations suggest that dynamic quenching and competitive adsorption may be possible sensing mechanisms. In addition, MOF‐808@ZIF‐90‐XE shows outstanding selectivity and admirable adsorption capacity (1575 mg g−1) for the capture of Au3+ owing to high surface area and abundant active adsorption sites. This paper provides a new strategy by designing a hybrid MOF‐on‐MOF heterostructure for the detection and extraction of gold.
Capacitive and Diffusive Contributions in Supercapacitors and Batteries: A Critique of b‐Value and the ν–ν1/2 Model
Authors: Pervez Sheharyar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir
Published: July 2023

Electrochemical energy storage devices run on two fundamentally different processes: charge storage across the double layer and redox reactions. A satisfactory understanding of the underlying mechanism is only possible once the two contributions are deconvoluted. The b‐value and the ν −ν1/2 model are two familiar steps undertaken to separate these contributions but as it is shown here both metrics are flawed, prone to misinterpretation, frequently invoked without attention to their limitations, and in need of re‐examination. After exploring these flaws through the lens of a diverse set of cyclic voltammetry data we opine that use of the b‐value be discouraged on account of subjectivity inherent to the metric, and the ν −ν1/2 model be replaced by the one proposed here. This new model ultimately reduces the root mean square error significantly and provides a robust tool for the evaluation of energy storage devices.
Bulk Defect Passivation for Full‐Inorganic Sb2S3 Solar Cells by Sulfur‐Atmosphere Recrystallization Process
Authors: Deng Hui , Chen Zekun , Xie Weihao , Ishaq Muhammad , Wu Kefei , Feng Xinxin , Kang Yubin , Wang Weihuang , Cheng Shuying
Published: July 2023

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) solar cells have attracted extensive attention in silicon‐based tandem solar cells. The performance of Sb2S3 devices fabricated by the vacuum method is limited by sulfur vacancies (VS) and surface oxide defects during high‐temperature processes. Herein, amorphous Sb2S3 film based on low‐temperature rapid thermal evaporation (RTE) technique is fabricated to overcome S loss. Moreover, a sulfur‐atmosphere recrystallization strategy is further developed to obtain high‐quality absorbers from the amorphous film. The element content of Sb2S3 film is completely in accord with the stoichiometric ratio (2:3), and the surface oxides are effectively suppressed, enhancing VOC and fill factor. Compared to the control directly crystallized film, the defect concentrations of the S‐recrystallized Sb2S3 film are reduced by 61%, exhibiting better uniformity and higher PN junction quality. Ultimately, the full‐inorganic Sb2S3 solar cells (FTO/TiO2/Sb2S3/Au) achieve an efficiency of 6.25%. The S‐atmosphere recrystallization process can effectively passivate bulk defects (VS and Sb2O3) and suppress recombination to improve device performance, which will provide new prospects for vacuum method‐based Sb2S3 thin film solar cells.
Comprehensive intratumoral heterogeneity landscaping of liver hepatocellular carcinoma and discerning of APLP2 in cancer progression
Authors: Tao Zhigang , Huang Jing , Li Jun
Published: July 2023

Introduction

As the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) emerges as grave public health danger owing to its chemotherapy‐resistant feature. Disulfidoptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death process affecting the normal actin cytoskeleton structure.

Methods

Single‐cell RNA (scRNA)‐seq data were procured from GSE149614 and GSE202642 datasets. We utilized uniform manifold approximation and projection and clustering algorithm Louvian for dimensionality reduction and FindAllMarkers function for determining the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Monocle2 and SCENIC were utilized to perform pseudo‐time series and transcription factor analysis for selected subgroups. A series of in vitro experiments, including colony formation assay (CFA), flow cytometry targeting apoptosis and cell cycle, was applied to investigate how APLP2 regulated the LIHC progression. Two cell lines of LIHC cells, HepG2, and Huh7, were used for si‐APLP2 transfection.

Results

Tumor heterogeneity landscape of LIHC was depicted by detailed subgroup analysis. We found T and B cells were enriched with POU2F1 and HES1 activity. Inflammatory cancer‐associated fibroblasts interacted with the cancer cells, uniquely through COL1A1/SDC1, COL1A2/SDC1 and LUM/ITGB1 pathways. The transformation from normal hepatocytes to malignant cells was displayed by cell trajectory analysis. State4, which was determined as malignant cells, was enriched in PI3K, hypoxia, and Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, and enriched with Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 1 transcription factor activity. We observed an intense communication from the cancer cells to endothelial cells, mainly through the Vitronectin (VTN) to Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) pathway. A prognostic model targeting LIHC was constructed based on the disulfidoptosis‐based DEGs, namely APLP2, PDIA6, YBX1, SPP1, whose accuracy was validated in multiple cohorts. Knockdown of APLP2 significantly increased the apoptosis and delayed cell cycle progression of LIHC cell line.

Conclusion

A prognostic model targeting LIHC was constructed based on the disulfidoptosis‐related DEGs, which displayed high stability and accuracy in multiple cohorts. APLP2 played an active role in the carcinogenesis of LIHC by regulating the apoptosis and cell cycle.
Wogonin alleviates BaP‐induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells by dual inhibiting CYP1A1 activity and expression
Authors: Ni Zhenhua , Ma Honghong , Li Xiaodong , Zou Liwei , Liu Zongjun , Wang Xiongbiao , Ma Hong , Yang Ling
Published: July 2023

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a common air pollutant that has been reported to cause oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. Wogonin, a flavonoid compound extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, has been found to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of wogonin to alleviate the cytotoxicity induced by BaP in human airway epithelial cells and explore the corresponding mechanism. Our study found that wogonin treatment inhibited DNA damage and reactive oxygen species overproduction induced by BaP in human airway epithelial cells. In vitro enzyme assays showed that wogonin significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of CYP1A1. In addition, wogonin decreased the basal level of CYP1A1 and inhibited the CYP1A1 overexpression induced by BaP, whereas overexpression of CYP1A1 partially reversed the effect of wogonin on BaP‐induced DNA damage. Meanwhile, a CYP1A1 inhibitor and CYP1A1 knockdown also showed these same effects. Further studies showed that wogonin regulates CYP1A1 expression by inhibiting CDK7 and CDK9 activity. The use of CDK7 or CDK9 inhibitors decreased BaP‐induced cytotoxicity and CYP1A1 expression. Finally, we found that the methoxy group of wogonin was crucial for its inhibitory activity. In conclusion, our data indicated that wogonin could effectively relieve BaP induced cytotoxicity, and its mechanism was related to the dual inhibition of CYP1A1 activity and expression.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as cause of in‐utero fetal death: regional multicenter cohort study
Authors: Nkobetchou M. , Leruez‐Ville M. , Guilleminot T. , Roux N. , Petrilli G. , Guimiot F. , Saint‐Frison M.‐H. , Deryabin I. , Ville Y. , Faure‐Bardon V.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Placental infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can lead to placental insufficiency and in‐utero fetal death (IUFD). The objective of this study was to confirm and quantify the extent to which fetoplacental infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is a cause of fetal death.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of fetal deaths that underwent postmortem examination between January 2020 and January 2022 in three fetal pathology units in Paris, France. All cases of IUFD and termination of pregnancy (TOP) occurring in 31 maternity hospitals in the Paris region undergo detailed placental pathological examination in these units. Databases were searched for cases of IUFD and TOP. Cases with fetal malformation or cytogenetic abnormality were excluded to avoid bias. We included cases of IUFD with a placental or undetermined cause and cases of TOP in the context of severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Placentas were sent to a single virology unit for reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing by a single laboratory technician blinded to the initial postmortem examination report. Our primary endpoint was the proportion of positive placental SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR tests in the cohort.

Results

Among 147 722 deliveries occurring over 2 years, 788 postmortem examinations for IUFD and TOP for severe IUGR were recorded, of which 462 (58.6%) were included. A total of 13/462 (2.8%) placentas tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR. Wild‐type virus and alpha and delta variants were identified. All positive cases had histological lesions consistent with placental dysfunction. There was a strong correlation between SARS‐CoV‐2 placentitis and the presence of chronic intervillositis and/or massive fibrin deposits in the placenta. When both lesion types were present, the specificity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–1.00) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98), respectively.

Conclusions

At the height of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, the cause of more than half of fetal deaths in the Paris area was determined by postmortem analysis to be of placental or undetermined origin. Of these cases, 2.8% were due to placental SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with a specific pattern of histological involvement. This study highlights the need for SARS‐CoV‐2 screening in stillbirth assessment. The impact of vaccination coverage remains to be established. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Nuclear medicine radiomics in digestive system tumors: Concept, applications, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Huang Wenpeng , Tao Zihao , Younis Muhsin H. , Cai Weibo , Kang Lei
Published: July 2023

Radiomics aims to develop novel biomarkers and provide relevant deeper subvisual information about pathology, immunophenotype, and tumor microenvironment. It uses automated or semiautomated quantitative analysis of high‐dimensional images to improve characterization, diagnosis, and prognosis. Recent years have seen a rapid increase in radiomics applications in nuclear medicine, leading to some promising research results in digestive system oncology, which have been driven by big data analysis and the development of artificial intelligence. Although radiomics advances one step further toward the non‐invasive precision medical analysis, it is still a step away from clinical application and faces many challenges. This review article summarizes the available literature on digestive system tumors regarding radiomics in nuclear medicine. First, we describe the workflow and steps involved in radiomics analysis. Subsequently, we discuss the progress in clinical application regarding the utilization of radiomics for distinguishing between various diseases and evaluating their prognosis, and demonstrate how radiomics advances this field. Finally, we offer our viewpoint on how the field can progress by addressing the challenges facing clinical implementation.
Real‐time rotor effective wind speed estimation based on actuator disc theory: Design and full‐scale experimental validation
Authors: Lio Alan W.H. , Meng Fanzhong , Larsen Gunner Chr.
Published: July 2023

The use of state estimation techniques offers a means of inferring rotor effective wind speed from standard measurements of wind turbines. Typical wind speed estimators rely upon a pre‐computed quasi‐steady aerodynamic mapping, which describes the relationship between pitch angle and tip‐speed ratio and the power coefficient. In practice, the static mapping does not capture the influence of turbine structural dynamics and atmospheric turbulence, inevitably resulting in poor performance of the wind speed estimation. In addition, the turbine aerodynamic properties might not be easily accessible. Thus, this paper presents a rotor effective wind speed estimation method that obviates the requirement for prior knowledge of turbine power coefficients. Specifically, the proposed method exploits a simple actuator disc model, where the aerodynamic power and thrust coefficients can be characterized in terms of axial induction factors. Based on this insight and standard turbine measurements, real‐time estimation of rotor effective wind speed and axial induction factors can then be achieved using a simplified turbine drive‐train model and an extended Kalman filter. In addition, the actuator disc model can be updated easily over time by calibrating solely two correction factors. Thus, the proposed algorithm presents an alternative for estimating the rotor effective wind speed, which is valuable for numerous applications, for example, LiDAR‐assisted control and coherence studies.
Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Russel Sarah M. , Clark J. Madison
Published: July 2023

Objective

To provide an overview of the various treatment options available in the clinic to achieve periorbital rejuvenation.

Data Sources

Literature review and expert opinion.

Conclusions

Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic can be accomplished through a variety of treatment modalities, including topical therapies, skin resurfacing, and fillers and injectables. Furthermore, some surgical approaches, such as upper blepharoplasties, ptosis, and brow lifts, can be performed in the clinic under local anesthesia with only mild oral sedation. However, the successful execution of such procedures depends on proper patient selection and maximizing patient comfort.
A new thin layer model for viscous flow between two nearby non‐static surfaces
Authors: Rodríguez José M. , Taboada‐Vázquez Raquel
Published: July 2023

We propose a two‐dimensional flow model of a viscous fluid between two close moving surfaces. We show, using a formal asymptotic expansion of the solution, that its asymptotic behavior, when the distance between the two surfaces tends to zero, is the same as that of the the Navier‐Stokes equations.

The leading term of the formal asymptotic expansions of the solutions to the new model and Navier‐Stokes equations are solution of the same limit problem, and the type of the limit problem depends on the boundary conditions. If slip velocity boundary conditions are imposed on the upper and lower bound surfaces, the limit is a solution of a lubrication model, but if the tractions and friction forces are known on both bound surfaces, the limit is a solution of a thin fluid layer model.

The model proposed has been obtained to be a valuable tool for computing viscous fluid flow between two nearby moving surfaces, without the need to decide a priori whether the flow is typical of a lubrication or a thin fluid layer problem, and without the enormous computational effort that would be required to solve the Navier‐Stokes equations in such a thin domain.
Energy based methods applied in mechanics by using the extended Noether's formalism
Authors: Abali Bilen Emek
Published: July 2023

Physical systems are modeled by field equations; these are coupled, partial differential equations in space and time. Field equations are often given by balance equations and constitutive equations, where the former are axiomatically given and the latter are thermodynamically derived. This approach is useful in thermomechanics and electromagnetism, yet challenges arise once we apply it in damage mechanics for generalized continua. For deriving governing equations, an alternative method is based on a variational framework known as the extended Noether's formalism. Its formal introduction relies on mathematical concepts limiting its use in applied mechanics as a field theory. In this work, we demonstrate the power of extended Noether's formalism by using tensor algebra and usual continuum mechanics nomenclature. We demonstrate derivation of field equations in damage mechanics for generalized continua, specifically in the case of strain gradient elasticity.
Gig Work, Algorithmic Technologies, and the Uncertain Future of Work
Authors: Duggan James , Jooss Stefan
Published: July 2023

Throughout the last decade, the so-called gig economy has emerged as a disruptive and widely debated trend in the world of work. In this chapter, we trace the emergence of the gig economy from its inception during the global economic crisis to the present day where gig work arrangements span several sectors and face continuing scrutiny from critics. Specifically, we focus on the important role of algorithmic technologies in controlling the activities of gig workers and the subsequent challenges and controversies arising from the use of these new digital mechanisms. Finally, we identify the key implications arising from this new form of labour for workers, organisations, and regulatory bodies. In doing so, we explore a range of ongoing efforts to develop effective solutions for the various stakeholders involved.
Smart Technology in the Workplace: Threats and Opportunities for Trusting Employers
Authors: Zheng Xuchang , Schafheitle Simon Daniel , van der Werff Lisa
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, we discuss the implications of how smart technology is experienced in the workplace for employee trust. Focusing on the defining features of smart technology and how these influence social interaction, we explore how trends in the permeation of technology in workplaces can influence employee trust in their employers creating both threats and opportunities for trust in this relationship. Realising the benefits of technological development requires employees to trust the intentions and capability of their employers to manage smart technology in ways that protect employee interests. We highlight the features of smart technology that may hamper this trust and discuss how addressing concerns related to data privacy, situational normality, structural assurance, and employees’ participation in the process is crucial for protecting and building trust in the workplace.
Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: McCarthy Jean , Bosak Janine , Cleveland Jeanette N. , Parry Emma
Published: July 2023

The composition of the workforce, the pool of potential job applicants, and the diversity of the workplace are changing. In this chapter, we focus on the future of workplace diversity and inclusion of human workers, as well as how diversity and inclusion are likely to be affected by developments in technology (e.g., artificial intelligence and non-human presence at work). We argue that these technological developments are likely to have an impact on how organisations react to the increasing diversity of the workforce, and that they have the potential to either enhance or impede diversity and inclusion. We consider the implications of increasing diversity for organisations, such as changes to legal and economic structures, reimagining work-family balance and working time, the use of technology in reducing bias and, importantly, a focus on organisational cultures and individual attitudes that might promote a more diverse, inclusive and, indeed, sustainable workplace in the years ahead.
Building Information Modelling
Authors: Doukari Omar , Kassem Mohamad , Greenwood David
Published: July 2023

From its origins as a computer-aided three-dimensional modelling tool, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has evolved to incorporate time scheduling, cost management, and ultimately an information management framework that has the potential to enhance decision-making throughout the whole life-cycle of built assets. This chapter summarises state-of-the-art BIM and its benefits. It then considers the particular characteristics of deep renovation projects, the challenges confronting their delivery, and the potential for using BIM to meet the challenges. This includes the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to BIM models to optimise deep renovation project delivery. The prospects for this are encouraging, but further development work, including the creation of ontologies that are appropriate for renovation work, is still needed.
Big Data and Analytics in the Deep Renovation Life Cycle
Authors: Koukaras Paraskevas , Krinidis Stelios , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Tjortjis Christos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: July 2023

The rising volume of heterogeneous data accessible at various phases of the construction process has had a significant impact on the construction industry. The availability of data is especially advantageous in the context of deep renovation, where it may significantly accelerate the decision-making process for building stock retrofit. This chapter covers Big Data and analytics in the context of deep renovation and shows how Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence have affected the various phases of the deep renovation life cycle. It presents a review of the literature on Big Data and deep renovation and discusses a series of use cases, applications, advantages, and benefits as well as challenges and barriers. Finally, Big Data and deep renovation prospects are discussed, including future potential developments and guidelines.
Higher Chern-Simons based on (2-)crossed modules
Authors: Song Danhua , Wu Mengyao , Wu Ke , Yang Jie
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We present higher Chern-Simons theories based on (2-)crossed modules. We start from the generalized differential forms in Generalized Differential Calculus and define the corresponding generalized connections which consist of higher connections. Then we establish the generalized Chern-Simons forms to get the higher Chern-Simons actions. Finally, we develop the higher second Chern forms and Chern-Weil theorems.
The ABC of RPV: classification of R-parity violating signatures at the LHC for small couplings
Authors: Dreiner Herbi K. , Koay Yong Sheng , Köhler Dominik , Lozano Víctor Martín , Berlingen Javier Montejo , Nangia Saurabh , Strobbe Nadja
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We perform a classification of all potential supersymmetric R-parity violating signatures at the LHC to address the question: are existing bounds on supersymmetric models robust, or are there still signatures not covered by existing searches, allowing LHC-scale supersymmetry to be hiding? We analyze all possible scenarios with one dominant RPV trilinear coupling at a time, allowing for arbitrary LSPs and mass spectra. We consider direct production of the LSP, as well as production via gauge-cascades, and find 6 different experimental signatures for the $$ LL\overline{E} $$
LL

E
¯

-case, 6 for the $$ LQ\overline{D} $$
LQ

D
¯

-case, and 5 for the $$ \overline{U} $$

U
¯

$$ \overline{D} $$

D
¯

$$ \overline{D} $$

D
¯

-case; together these provide complete coverage of the RPV-MSSM landscape. This set of signatures is confronted with the existing searches by ATLAS and CMS. We find all signatures have been covered at the LHC, although not at the sensitivity level needed to probe the direct production of all LSP types. For the case of a dominant $$ LL\overline{E} $$
LL

E
¯

-operator, we use CheckMATE to quantify the current lower bounds on the supersymmetric masses and find the limits to be comparable to or better than the R-parity conserving case. Our treatment can be easily extended to scenarios with more than one non-zero RPV coupling.
Probabilistic multi-modal depth estimation based on camera–LiDAR sensor fusion
Authors: Obando-Ceron Johan S. , Romero-Cano Victor , Monteiro Sildomar
Published: July 2023

Multi-modal depth estimation is one of the key challenges for endowing autonomous machines with robust robotic perception capabilities. There have been outstanding advances in the development of uni-modal depth estimation techniques based on either monocular cameras, because of their rich resolution, or LiDAR sensors, due to the precise geometric data they provide. However, each of these suffers from some inherent drawbacks, such as high sensitivity to changes in illumination conditions in the case of cameras and limited resolution for the LiDARs. Sensor fusion can be used to combine the merits and compensate for the downsides of these two kinds of sensors. Nevertheless, current fusion methods work at a high level. They process the sensor data streams independently and combine the high-level estimates obtained for each sensor. In this paper, we tackle the problem at a low level, fusing the raw sensor streams, thus obtaining depth estimates which are both dense and precise, and can be used as a unified multi-modal data source for higher-level estimation problems. This work proposes a conditional random field model with multiple geometry and appearance potentials. It seamlessly represents the problem of estimating dense depth maps from camera and LiDAR data. The model can be optimized efficiently using the conjugate gradient squared algorithm. The proposed method was evaluated and compared with the state of the art using the commonly used KITTI benchmark dataset.
System engineering design approach and virtual assessment of a new charging arm concept for LHC robotic TIM
Authors: Zoppoli Andrea , Armentani Enrico , Buonocore Luca , Buonocore Sara , Di Giovannantonio Sergio , Di Castro Mario , Di Gironimo Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

System engineering (SE) methods and principles are nowadays widely adopted in the product development processes, especially in the industrial sector, where saving production time and costs are primary goals. This work describes an application of a particular SE methodology, the V-model-based design, in which the system development lifecycle is divided on the basis of a graphical V-shaped scheme, called V-model. Following this approach, a new concept of charging arm for Robotic Train Inspection Monorail (TIM) of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) has been developed. The current charging arm version is affected by several issues and limits that have led to the necessity of a new solution. Starting from the first stages of functional requirements (FRs) definition and decomposition (left side of the “V”), a new concept has been implemented, in order to be tested for its verification and validation (right side of the “V”). As part of the principles of SE, the process has been based on virtual models of the product and on virtual simulations of its operation, rather than on the realization of time-consuming and expensive physical models and tests, even if a final physical prototype has also been built and some physical operative tests have also been carried out on it. These tests have showed that the new product appears to fulfill each one of its FRs and overcome the limits imposed by the previous version. The future commissioning and operative tests in the real operating condition and location shall definitely validate the new product.
Sex differences in acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) response and tolerance as a function of mouse strain
Authors: Lulek Courtney F. , Maulik Malabika , Mitra Swarup , Guindon Josée , Morgan Daniel J. , Henderson-Redmond Angela N.
Published: July 2023

Cannabinoids are increasingly used to alleviate pain; however, tolerance to their antinociceptive effects, including those of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), may limit their therapeutic utility. With more women than men using medical cannabis for pain relief, it is crucial to understand how sex influences cannabinoid-mediated antinociception and tolerance. Though studies in rats consistently find females are more sensitive to the acute antinociceptive effects of cannabinoids, our work with mice consistently finds the converse. The present study examined whether our observed sex differences in Δ9-THC-induced antinociception and tolerance are consistent across multiple mouse strains or are strain-dependent. Male and female C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2, AKR, and CBA/J mice were assessed for differences in acute Δ9-THC-induced antinociception and hypothermia prior to and following seven days of once-daily Δ9-THC administration. Consistent with our previous findings, male B6 mice were more sensitive to the acute antinociceptive effects of Δ9-THC than female littermates, an effect which dissipated with age. B6 males had decreased cannabinoid expression in the PAG compared to females. While DBA and CBA female mice showed increased Δ9-THC-antinociception compared to male littermates at 30 and 10 mg/kg Δ9-THC, respectively, these differences were less pronounced at higher doses, revealing that dose of Δ9-THC may also be important. Overall, CBA mice were more sensitive to Δ9-THC-induced antinociception while AKR mice were less responsive. These studies highlight the therapeutic potential of Δ9-THC in pain management and underscore the importance of considering not only Δ9-THC dose as a function of sex, but potentially genetic differences when evaluating their clinical utility.
Liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of anatoxins, including new conjugates and reduction products
Authors: Beach Daniel G. , Zamlynny Lydia , MacArthur Melanie , Miles Christopher O.
Published: July 2023

Anatoxins (ATXs) are a potent class of cyanobacterial neurotoxins for which only a handful of structural analogues have been well characterized. Here, we report the development of an LC–HRMS/MS method for the comprehensive detection of ATXs. Application of this method to samples of benthic cyanobacterial mats and laboratory cultures showed detection of several new ATXs. Many of these result from nucleophilic addition to the olefinic bond of the α,β-unsaturated ketone functional group of anatoxin-a (ATX) and homoanatoxin-a (hATX), analogous to the conjugation chemistry of microcystins, which contain similar α,β-unsaturated amide functionality. Conjugates with glutathione, γ-glutamylcysteine, methanethiol, ammonia, methanol and water were detected, as well as putative C-10 alcohol derivatives. Structural confirmation was obtained by simple and selective analytical-scale semisynthetic reactions starting from available ATX standards. Methanol, water and ammonia conjugates were found to result primarily from sample preparation. Reduction products were found to result from enzymatic reactions occurring primarily after cell lysis in laboratory cultures ofKamptonema formosumandCuspidothrix issatschenkoi. The relative contributions of the identified analogues to the anatoxin profiles in a set of 22 benthic-cyanobacterial-mat field samples were estimated, showing conjugates to account for up to 15% of total ATX peak area and 10-hydroxyanatoxins up to 38%. The developed methodology, new analogues and insight into the chemical and enzymatic reactivity of ATXs will enable a more comprehensive study of the class than possible previously.
Elemental mass spectrometry to study metallo-transcriptomic changes during the in vitro degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Álvarez-Barrios Ana , Álvarez Lydia , Pereiro Rosario , González-Iglesias Héctor
Published: July 2023

Trace elements play crucial roles in cellular biology. Their improper homeostasis may contribute to the progress of eye diseases, exacerbated during ageing. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is progressively deteriorated during age-related neurodegeneration and metal homeostasis may be compromised. In this study, elemental mass spectrometry (MS) was combined with cellular and molecular biology techniques to identify changes in trace elements during the in vitro degeneration of human RPE cells. Cells were collected at 21, 91, and 133 days and processed for RNA sequencing; Ca, Na, P, Mg, and Cu quantification by flow injection analysis and inductively coupled plasma–MS; and protein analysis by immunocytochemistry. Four-month-old RPE cultures showed depigmentation, impaired barrier function, and antioxidant protection, manifesting signs of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Na and P significantly increased in the cytosol of degenerated RPE cells (from 15 ± 20 to 13495 ± 638 ng·µg−1 and from 30.6 ± 9.5 to 116.8 ± 16.8 ng·µg−1, respectively). Mg decreased in both the cytosol and insoluble fraction of cells (from 2.83 ± 0.40 to 1.58 ± 0.56 ng·µg−1 and from 247.57 ± 11.06 to 30 ± 8 ng·g−1, respectively), while P and Cu decreased in the insoluble fraction after 133 days in culture (from 9471 ± 1249 to 4555 ± 985 ng·µg−1 and from 2251 ± 79 to 1054 ± 235 ng·g−1, respectively), along with changes in metal-dependent antioxidant enzymes and Cu transporters. This RPE model reflected metal homeostatic changes, providing additional perspectives on effects of metal regulation during ageing.

Graphical Abstract
The minimally invasive transventricular endoscopic approach to third ventricular lesions in pediatric patients—all-rounder with limitations?
Authors: Teping Fritz , Oertel Joachim
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The surgical management of third ventricular lesions poses unique challenges, requiring careful consideration of various approaches and techniques. This study focuses on the transventricular transforaminal endoscopic approach and aims to provide insights into its indications, limitations, technical nuances, and potential complications in pediatric patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a 13-year period on pediatric patients who were subjected to transforaminal endoscopic surgery for third ventricular lesions. The study utilized a prospectively maintained internal database, extracting demographic data, preoperative assessment, surgical details, and postoperative follow-up information. The surgical technique is presented in detail, and exemplary case reports highlight relevant surgical considerations.

Results

Out of 578 endoscopic transforaminal procedures, 24 surgeries were performed on pediatric patients with third ventricular lesions. Performed procedures consisted of cyst resection (13 cases), solid tumor resection (4 cases), and tumor biopsies with CSF pathway restoration (7 cases). The mean age at the time of surgery was 7.6 years. Postoperatively, 14 patients showed transient nausea and vomiting (58.3%); 10 patients showed pneumocephalus on postoperative MRI (41.7%). No emergency postoperative re-interventions nor perioperative mortality were observed.

Conclusion

The endoscopic transventricular transforaminal approach is a safe approach for lesion resection, CSF pathway restoration, and tumor biopsy in pediatric patients with third ventricle lesions. The author’s results support the use of this minimally invasive technique as an alternative to more extensive approaches, particularly to the interforniceal interhemispheric approach. However, surgical success is highly dependent to the individual surgeon’s experience and moreover to a suitable indication setting. Careful preoperative planning and knowledge of the approaches’ pro and cons is mandatory for successful application of this approach.
Differentiating between common PSP phenotypes using structural MRI: a machine learning study
Authors: Quattrone Andrea , Sarica Alessia , Buonocore Jolanda , Morelli Maurizio , Bianco Maria Giovanna , Calomino Camilla , Aracri Federica , De Maria Marida , Vescio Basilio , Vaccaro Maria Grazia , Quattrone Aldo
Published: July 2023

Background

Differentiating Progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) from PSP-Parkinsonism (PSP-P) may be extremely challenging. In this study, we aimed to distinguish these two PSP phenotypes using MRI structural data.

Methods

Sixty-two PSP-RS, 40 PSP-P patients and 33 control subjects were enrolled. All patients underwent brain 3 T-MRI; cortical thickness and cortical/subcortical volumes were extracted using Freesurfer on T1-weighted images. We calculated the automated MR Parkinsonism Index (MRPI) and its second version including also the third ventricle width (MRPI 2.0) and tested their classification performance. We also employed a Machine learning (ML) classification approach using two decision tree-based algorithms (eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost] and Random Forest) with different combinations of structural MRI data in differentiating between PSP phenotypes.

Results

MRPI and MRPI 2.0 had AUC of 0.88 and 0.81, respectively, in differentiating PSP-RS from PSP-P. ML models demonstrated that the combination of MRPI and volumetric/thickness data was more powerful than each feature alone. The two ML algorithms showed comparable results, and the best ML model in differentiating between PSP phenotypes used XGBoost with a combination of MRPI, cortical thickness and subcortical volumes (AUC 0.93 ± 0.04). Similar performance (AUC 0.93 ± 0.06) was also obtained in a sub-cohort of 59 early PSP patients.

Conclusion

The combined use of MRPI and volumetric/thickness data was more accurate than each MRI feature alone in differentiating between PSP-RS and PSP-P. Our study supports the use of structural MRI to improve the early differential diagnosis between common PSP phenotypes, which may be relevant for prognostic implications and patient inclusion in clinical trials.
The short- and long-term outcome after the surgical management of common bile duct stones in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Hess Gabriel F. , Sedlaczek Philipp , Zeindler Jasmin , Muenst Simone , Schmitt Andreas M. , Däster Silvio , Bolli Martin , Kollmar Otto , Soysal Savas D.
Published: July 2023

Background

The removal of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) shows excellent results with low complication rates and is therefore considered a gold standard. However, in case of stones non-removable by ERCP, surgical extraction is needed. The surgical approach is still controversial and clinical guidelines are missing. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of patients treated with choledochotomy or hepaticojejunostomy for common bile duct stones.

Methods

All patients who underwent choledochotomy or hepaticojejunostomy for common bile duct stones at a tertiary referral hospital over 11 years were included. The analyzed data contains basic demographics, diagnostics, surgical parameters, length of hospitalization, and morbidity and mortality.

Results

Over the study period, 4375 patients underwent cholecystectomy, and 655 received an ERCP with stone extraction, with 48 of these patients receiving subsequent surgical treatment. ERCP was attempted in 23/30 (77%) of the choledochotomy patients pre/intraoperatively and 11/18 (56%) in hepaticojejunostomy patients. The 30-day major complication rate (Clavien-Dindo > II) was 1/30 (3%) in the choledochotomy group and 2/18 (11%) in the hepaticojejunostomy group. Complications after 30 days occurred in 3/30 (10%) patients and 2/18 (11%), respectively, and no mortality occurred.

Conclusion

ERCP should still be considered the gold standard, although due to low short- and long-term morbidity rates, choledochotomy and hepaticojejunostomy represent effective surgical solutions for common bile duct stones.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological care in Germany: rapid review
Authors: De Santis Karina Karolina , Helmer Stefanie , Barnes Benjamin , Kraywinkel Klaus , Imhoff Maren , Müller-Eberstein Roxana , Kirstein Mathia , Quatmann Anna , Simke Julia , Stiens Lisa , Christianson Lara , Zeeb Hajo
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic affected medical care for chronic diseases. This study aimed to systematically assess the pandemic impact on oncological care in Germany using a rapid review.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, study and preprint registries and study bibliographies were searched for studies published between 2020 and 2 November 2022. Inclusion was based on the PCC framework: population (cancer), concept (oncological care) and context (COVID-19 pandemic in Germany). Studies were selected after title/abstract and full-text screening by two authors. Extracted data were synthesized using descriptive statistics or narratively. Risk of bias was assessed and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results

Overall, 77 records (59 peer-reviewed studies and 18 reports) with administrative, cancer registry and survey data were included. Disruptions in oncological care were reported and varied according to pandemic-related factors (e.g., pandemic stage) and other (non-pandemic) factors (e.g., care details). During higher restriction periods fewer consultations and non-urgent surgeries, and delayed diagnosis and screening were consistently reported. Heterogeneous results were reported for treatment types other than surgery (e.g., psychosocial care) and aftercare, while ongoing care remained mostly unchanged. The risk of bias was on average moderate.

Conclusions

Disruptions in oncological care were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Such disruptions probably depended on factors that were insufficiently controlled for in statistical analyses and evidence quality was on average only moderate. Research focus on patient outcomes (e.g., longer term consequences of disruptions) and pandemic management by healthcare systems is potentially relevant for future pandemics or health emergencies.
Clinical trajectory of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms progressing to pancreatic carcinomas during long-term surveillance: a prospective series of 100 carcinoma cases
Authors: Oyama Hiroki , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Nakai Yousuke , Tanaka Mariko , Endo Go , Hakuta Ryunosuke , Ishida Kota , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Kanai Sachiko , Kurihara Kohei , Saito Tomotaka , Sato Tatsuya , Suzuki Tatsunori , Suzuki Yukari , Takaoka Shinya , Tange Shuichi , Tokito Yurie , Takahara Naminatsu , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: July 2023

Background

Trajectories of serological and morphological signatures have not been documented in pancreatic carcinogenesis related to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Methods

Using a prospective cohort of 3437 IPMN patients, we identified 100 IPMN patients who developed pancreatic carcinomas during long-term surveillance. We examined serial changes of blood markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 [CA19-9], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and pancreatic enzymes) and morphological features (worrisome features and high-risk stigmata) during the prediagnostic period of pancreatic carcinomas, overall and by carcinoma types (IPMN-derived vs. concomitant pancreatic carcinomas).

Results

CA19-9 elevation was observed in 39 patients and was associated with a metastatic stage. Compared to IPMN-derived carcinomas, concomitant carcinomas were more likely to represent CA19-9 elevation (60% vs. 30%, respectively; P = 0.005). HbA1c levels elevated only in 3 patients. Pancreatic enzyme elevation was observed in 18 patients with no differences in frequencies between the carcinoma types. All patients with elevated levels of blood markers had positive findings on cross-sectional imaging. High-risk stigmata or worrisome features were observed in all patients but one with concomitant carcinoma. The most common types of worrisome features were the main pancreatic duct dilatation and CA19-9 elevation in IPMN-derived and concomitant carcinomas, respectively. Compared to IPMN-derived carcinomas, concomitant carcinomas were less likely to harbor high-risk stigmata (16% vs. 86%, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The usefulness of currently available blood biomarkers was limited in early detection of pancreatic carcinomas related to IPMNs. Morphological alterations were well correlated with long-term risk of IPMN-derived carcinomas, but not with that of concomitant carcinomas.
Rotation and Vibration in Tetraquarks
Authors: Jalili Amir , Segovia J. , Pan Feng , Luo Yan-An
Published: July 2023

A novel approach is introduced for obtaining precise solutions of the pairing Hamiltonian for tetraquarks, which utilizes an algebraic technique in infinite dimensions. The parameters involved in the transition phase are calibrated based on potential tetraquark candidates derived from phenomenology. Our investigation shows that the rotation and vibration transitional theory delivers a reasonable agreement with other works for heavy tetraquarks compared to other methods. To illustrate the concept, we compute the spectra of several tetraquarks, namely charm, bottom, bottom–charm and open charm and bottom systems, and contrast them with those of other particles.