bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Contributions to Syntheses of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]phthalazines.
Authors: Caira Mino R. , Georgescu Emilian , Georgescu Florentina , Albota Florin , Dumitrascu Florea
Published: October 2011

The dihydro derivative intermediate (III), obtained by the classic two‐stage synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]phthalazine, is found to have a trans‐configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Functionalization of Arylpyrimidines Catalyzed by an in situ Generated Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate System and the Construction of Tris(heteroaryl)‐Substituted Benzenes.
Authors: Stefane Bogdan , Fabris Jan , Pozgan Franc
Published: October 2011

The new in situ generated Ru(II) carboxylate complex catalyzes the cleavage of the C—H bond in ortho‐position of the phenyl ring of pyrimidines (I) or (XIV) and the direct functionalization with both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich aryl bromides to give 2‐biphenylyl‐ and 2‐terphenylyl substituted pyrimidines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Pyrimido[1,2‐a]quinolines
Authors: Marjani A. Poursattar , Khalafy J.
Published: October 2011

via rearrangement and cyclization of N‐quinolinylisoxazolones (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 2‐Styrylquinazolin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Trashakhova T. V. , Nosova E. V. , Valova M. S. , Slepukhin P. A. , Lipunova G. N. , Charushin V. N.
Published: October 2011

Title compounds are synthesized by condensation of appropriate quinazolinones with aromatic aldehydes or by reaction of benzoxazinones (I) with benzylidenephenylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of Some Novel 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones.
Authors: El‐Azab Adel S. , ElTahir Kamal E. H. , Attia Sabry M.
Published: October 2011

A variety of novel quinazoline derivatives, analogues of methaqualone, is synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and acute neurotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Room Temperature Aerobic Oxidation of Hydroxamic Acids and Hydrazides to Acyl‐Nitroso and Azo Intermediates, and Their Diels—Alder Trapping.
Authors: Chaiyaveij Duangduan , Cleary Leah , Batsanov Andrei S. , Marder Todd B. , Shea Kenneth J. , Whiting Andrew
Published: October 2011

Intra‐ and intermolecular versions are used to prepare a variety of cycloaddition products as oxazines or their bridged analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis 4‐Substituted 4‐Alkoxy‐1,4‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐2‐thiones by the Reaction of 2‐Isothiocyanatobenzoates with Organolithiums.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Hiroo , Kanbe Yuuki , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: October 2011

Alkyl‐ and aryllithium compounds as well as lithium enolates of tertiary acetamides or acetates undergo cyclization with isothiocyanates (I) to give the desired benzoxazines in an operationally very simple manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to Thiazolines and Thiazines via Tandem S‐Alkylation‐Cyclodeamination of Thioamides/Haloamines.
Authors: Pathak Uma , Bhattacharyya Shubhankar , Dhruwansh Vishwanath , Pandey Lokesh Kumar , Tank Rekha , Suryanarayana Malladi V. S.
Published: October 2011

The reaction is carried out applying water as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Unique Heterocyclic Structures en route to Substituted Diamines.
Authors: Olson David E. , Maruniak Autumn , Malhotra Sushant , Trost Barry M. , Du Bois J.
Published: October 2011

A variety of highly functionalized bicyclic oxathiadiazinane‐derived aziridines is prepared via Rh‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of allylic hydroxylamine‐sulfamate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Regioselective 9‐endo Cyclization of α‐Carbamoyl Radicals.
Authors: Song Liyan , Liu Kun , Li Chaozhong
Published: October 2011

The iodoalkanamide substrates undergo 9‐endo iodine transfer radical cyclization to afford an intermediate that can be converted to 9‐membered N‐heterocycles by reduction with Bu3SnH or to hexahydroindolizin‐ones when treated with Na2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of Arylboronates by Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides and Bis(pinacolato)diboron in Polyethylene Glycol.
Authors: Lu Jie , Guan Zhong‐Zhi , Gao Jian‐Wu , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: October 2011

The new method can be employed to a wide range of aryl halides tolerating many functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Strain‐Promoted Allylic Transportation of Cyclic Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Volchkov Ivan , Park Sangho , Lee Daesung
Published: October 2011

Various eight‐membered cyclic siloxadienes are converted to six‐membered siloxenes bearing an endocyclic double bond and an alkenyl substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Iterative Dianion Relay Along the Ring: Formation of gem‐Bis(trimethylsilyl) Cyclopentenones from 2,5‐Bis(trimethylsilyl) Oxycyclopentadienyl Dianions and Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Li Heng , Liu Lantao , Wang Zitao , Zhao Fei , Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: October 2011

Reaction of dilithiobutadienes like (I) with aroyl chlorides containing electron‐withdrawing groups (III) proceeds with C—C bond formation and double silyl shift to give gem‐bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentenones (IV) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Structural Analogues of Glyphosate Based on Azoles. Part 1. Synthesis of 1H‐Imidazoles Containing Carboxyl and Phosphoryl Groups in the Ring.
Authors: Pavlenko N. V. , Oos T. I. , Yagupolskii Yu. L. , van Almsick A. , Willms L.
Published: October 2011

A general method for the synthesis of 1H‐imidazoles containing a phosphoryl and a carboxyl group is developed and applied to the preparation of glyphosate mimetic (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(II)/Zn Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aryl Halides with Diphenylphosphine Oxide in Water.
Authors: Zhang Xinghua , Liu Huizhi , Hu Xiaomei , Tang Guo , Zhu Jun , Zhao Yufen
Published: October 2011

Mono‐ and bis‐coupling of aryl halides or bis‐substituted aryl halides with diphenylphosphine oxide tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Mercaptobenzimidazole with Allenylphosphonates.
Authors: Khusainova Narkis , Berdnikov Eugeny , Cherkasov Rafael , Khusainov Mikhail
Published: October 2011

The mercapto group of the heterocyclic compound (I) and the 1,2‐double bond of allenylphosphonate (II) are involved in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and (Radio‐)fluorination of Novel Functionalized Phosphanes Suitable for the Traceless Staudinger Ligation.
Authors: Mamat Constantin , Franke Markus , Peppel Tim , Koeckerling Martin , Steinbach Joerg
Published: October 2011

The phosphanes containing functionalized benzoate or nicotinate moieties are prepared by esterification of the corresponding benzoic or nicotinic acids with phosphanophenol (II) under Steglich conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Selenocyanate as an Efficient Selenium Source in C—Se Cross‐Coupling Catalyzed by Copper Iodide in Water.
Authors: Kumar A. Vijay , Reddy V. Prakash , Reddy C. Suresh , Rao K. Rama
Published: October 2011

The novel protocol can be applied best to aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Oplopanphesides A—C, Three New Phenolic Glycosides from the Root Barks of Oplopanax horridus.
Authors: Huang Wei‐Hua , Zhang Qing‐Wen , Meng Lan‐Zhen , Yuan Chun‐Su , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Li Shao‐Ping
Published: October 2011

New compounds, oplopanphesides A (Ia), B (Ib) and C (Ic), show no cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Syntheses of 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines Based on Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Aminations — Total Syntheses of Alkaloids from Amphibian Skins.
Authors: Gaertner Martin , Weihofen Robert , Helmchen Guenter
Published: October 2011

A three‐step synthetic access towards enantioenriched trans‐2,5‐disubstituted pyrrolidines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Chamobtusin A.
Authors: Suzuki Hikaru , Aoyagi Sakae
Published: October 2011

The key stereocenter of the diterpenoid alkaloid chamobtusin A (IV) is installed via a stereoselective intramolecular Michael addition of the secondary amine to the exocyclic cyanoalkene group of (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heme‐Interacting Acridone Derivatives to Prevent Free Heme‐Mediated Protein Oxidation and Degradation.
Authors: Pal Chinmay , Kundu Milan Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Uday , Adhikari Susanta
Published: October 2011

The natural alkaloid arborinine (VII) and some related acridone derivatives (IV) are synthesized using Eaton′s reagent to promote effectively the key cyclization of anthranilic acid derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of C‐Pyrrolyl Glycosides via Tandem Condensation of Aminosugars and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds in Water.
Authors: Li Boyu , Wang Gang , Li Zhongjun , Meng Xiangbao
Published: October 2011

Optimized conditions A) are used for the reactions of D‐glucosamine (I) and D‐galactosamine (VIII) to produce nucleic acid structures bearing a pyrrole part.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activities and Cell Cycle Profiles of Naphtho[2,1‐α]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5,7(6H,12H)‐dione Glycosides.
Authors: Ding Ning , Du Xiaoguang , Zhang Wei , Lu Zhichao , Li Yingxia
Published: October 2011

Five new naphthopyrrolocarbazole glycosides such as (V) are synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against eight tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: New Furanocoumarins from the Fruits of Melicope triphylla.
Authors: Nakashima Ken‐ichi , Oyama Masayoshi , Ito Tetsuro , Murata Hiroko , Iinuma Munekazu
Published: October 2011

The new furanocoumarins, melicotriphyllin A (Ia), B (Ib), C (IIa), and D (IIb), are isolated with two known coumarins, nine flavonoids, two alkaloids, and one cinnamate.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐Aryl‐1,2‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐b]indolizin‐3‐one (Seoul‐Fluor) as a Smart Platform for Colorful Ratiometric Fluorescent pH Sensors
Authors: Kim Eunha , Lee Sanghee , Park Seung Bum
Published: October 2011

emission‐ and pH‐tuning of Seoul‐Fluor‐based fluorescent pH sensors by varying pKa values and electronic characteristic of substituents
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis, Optical Property and Self‐Assembly of Monodisperse Silver Nanospheres.
Authors: Tang Aiwei , Qu Shengchun , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Zhanguo
Published: October 2011

High‐quality spherical Ag nanocrystals are synthesized from a solution of AgOAc in n‐dodecanethiol and 1‐octadecene (200—240 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Synthesis of CdTe Nanocrystals: Progresses and Perspective
Authors: Li Yilin , Jing Lihong , Qiao Ruirui , Gao Mingyuan
Published: October 2011

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth and Characterization of Heavily Doped Silicon Crystals
Authors: Scala R. , Porrini M. , Borionetti G.
Published: October 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: The Second‐Generation of CdTe and CuInGaS2 Thin Film PV Modules
Authors: Bosio A. , Romeo A. , Menossi D. , Mazzamuto S. , Romeo N.
Published: October 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Architecture and Physical Properties of Some Inorganic Fluoride Series: A Review
Authors: Tressaud Alain
Published: October 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitridosilicates and Oxonitridosilicates: From Ceramic Materials to Structural and Functional Diversity
Authors: Zeuner Martin , Pagano Sandro , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

Review: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Dimensional Frameworks in Solid State Chemistry of Mo6 and Re6 Cluster Chalcohalides
Authors: Perrin Andre , Perrin Christiane
Published: October 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxo Boron Clusters and Their Open Frameworks
Authors: Lin Zhi‐En , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: October 2011

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Based Superconductors with Extended FeX4 (X: As and Se) Tetrahedra
Authors: Ganguli Ashok K. , Prakash Jai
Published: October 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity Reinforced by Magnetic Field and the Magnetic Instability in Uranium Ferromagnets
Authors: Aoki Dai , Matsuda Tatsuma D. , Hardy Frederic , Meingast Christoph , Taufour Valentin , Hassinger Elena , Sheikin Ilya , Paulsen Carley , Knebel Georg , Kotegawa Hisashi , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Surfaces in Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Short Review
Authors: Rosenthal Dirk
Published: October 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca3AlSb3: An Inexpensive, Non‐toxic Thermoelectric Material for Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Zevalkink Alex , Toberer Eric S. , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Espen Flage‐Larsen , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: October 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Uranium‐Mediated Activation of Small Molecules
Authors: Arnold Polly L.
Published: October 2011

Review: such as CO, CO2 and N2; 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of the P‐Block Elements with Thioether, Selenoether and Telluroether Ligands
Authors: Levason William , Reid Gillian , Zhang Wen‐Jian
Published: October 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Liu Ke , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: October 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Design of Multiple‐Property Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Compounds Based on Face‐Sharing Octahedral Iodoplumbate Chains
Authors: Zhao Shun‐Ping , Ren Xiao‐Ming
Published: October 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Progress on the Chemical Functionalization and Supramolecular Chemistry of M@C82
Authors: Maeda Yutaka , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Lu Xing , Takano Yuta , Akasaka Takeshi , Nagase Shigeru
Published: October 2011

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arene Organometallic Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten (Update 2010)
Authors: Uemura M.
Published: October 2011

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequencing Nucleic Acids: From Chemistry to Medicine
Authors: Balasubramanian Shankar
Published: October 2011

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biochemistry of Anionic Calix[n]arenes
Authors: Perret Florent , Coleman Anthony W.
Published: October 2011

Review: complexation with peptides, proteins; 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fun with Radicals. Some New Perspectives for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: October 2011

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Carbolithiation Reaction of Aryllithiums in the Synthesis of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Martinez‐Estibalez Unai , Gomez‐Sanjuan Asier , Garcia‐Calvo Oihane , Arrasate Sonia , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther
Published: October 2011

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Oriyama T.
Published: October 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amines Derived from Asymmetric Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction
Authors: Dai Lun‐Zhi , Shi Min
Published: October 2011

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective C—H Amination
Authors: Boudet Nadege , Blakey Simon B.
Published: October 2011

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydroamination
Authors: Reznichenko Alexander L. , Hultzsch Kai C.
Published: October 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bidentate Ligands for Enantioselective Enamide Reduction
Authors: Hu Xiang‐Ping , Zheng Zhuo
Published: October 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enamines with Monodentate Phosphorus Ligands
Authors: Zhou Qin‐Lin , Xie Jian‐Hua
Published: October 2011

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reductive Amination
Authors: Nugent Thomas C.
Published: October 2011

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Methods for Radical Addition to Imino Compounds
Authors: Friestad Gregory K.
Published: October 2011

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Amines and Sulfides
Authors: Baeckvall Jan‐Erling
Published: October 2011

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidations with Hydrogen Peroxide in Fluorinated Alcohol Solvents
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht
Published: October 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Designed Enzymes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Strohmeier Gernot A. , Pichler Harald , May Oliver , Gruber‐Khadjawi Mandana
Published: October 2011

Review: 272 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Reactions: Selected Highlights
Authors: Rajagopalan Aashrita , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond‐Forming Lyases in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Brovetto Margarita , Gamenara Daniela , Saenz Mendez Patricia , Seoane Gustavo A.
Published: October 2011

Review: 689 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Asymmetric Quaternary Carbon Centers with High Enantioselectivity
Authors: Shimizu Masaki
Published: October 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Polymer Nanostructures
Authors: Facchetti Antonio
Published: October 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives by Catalytic Hydrosilylation
Authors: Addis Daniele , Das Shoubhik , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Acyl Transfer onto Racemic as well as meso Alcohols, Amines, and Thiols
Authors: Mueller Christian E. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bacterial Symbionts and Natural Products
Authors: Crawford Jason M. , Clardy Jon
Published: October 2011

Review: rhizoxin, cyanobactins, dentigerumycin, rhabduscin etc.; 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Oxycyclizations of Alkynols and Alkyndiols
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Alonso Jose Miguel
Published: October 2011

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Strategies in Biosynthesis
Authors: Dairi Tohru , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Nishiyama Makoto , Fujii Isao
Published: October 2011

Review: 270 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenoids
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Connolly Joseph D.
Published: October 2011

Review: 278 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Weak Interactions: A Versatile Role in Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Dubey Rashmi , Lim Dongyeol
Published: October 2011

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Inside Cucurbiturils: Physical Properties and Volumes of Their Inner Cavity Determine the Hydrophobic Driving Force for Host—Guest Complexation
Authors: Nau Werner M. , Florea Mara , Assaf Khaleel I.
Published: October 2011

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmembrane Anion Transport by Synthetic Systems
Authors: Haynes Cally J. E. , Gale Philip A.
Published: October 2011

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical ′Jekyll and Hyde′s: Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Developmental Signaling Pathways
Authors: Sakata Tomoya , Chen James K.
Published: October 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Genetics
Authors: O'Connor Cornelius J. , Laraia Luca , Spring David R.
Published: October 2011

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vitamin B12‐Derivatives — Enzyme Cofactors and Ligands of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Authors: Gruber Karl , Puffer Barbara , Kraeutler Bernhard
Published: October 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic and Bioinspired Silica: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Patwardhan Siddharth V.
Published: October 2011

Review: application in the area of sensors, coatings, hybrid materials, catalysis and drug delivery; 248 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Landfilling: Reactor Landfills
Authors: Christensen Thomas H. , Manfredi Simone , Knox Keith
Published: October 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sorption of Heavy Metals by Inorganic and Organic Components of Solid Wastes: Significance to Use of Wastes as Low‐Cost Adsorbents and Immobilizing Agents
Authors: Zhou Ya‐Feng , Haynes Richard J.
Published: October 2011

Review: 325 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Subcritical Water as a Solvent and Its Utilization for the Processing of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds
Authors: Carr Adam G. , Mammucari Raffaella , Foster N. R.
Published: October 2011

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mechanism of Cucurbituril Formation
Authors: Isaacs Lyle
Published: October 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule Chemistry and Physics Explored by Low‐Temperature Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Swart Ingmar , Gross Leo , Liljeroth Peter
Published: October 2011

Review: 107 refs.
Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries: State of the Art and Future Developments
Authors: Neumann Gerold
Published: October 2011

Lithium‐Ionen‐Akkumulatoren erobern nach und nach neue Anwendungen außerhalb der Konsumerelektronik. Damit einher gehen neue Anforderungen an diese Technologie. In diesem Beitrag werden die Materialien, Zelldesigns und verfahrenstechnischen Schritte beschrieben, mit denen die Zellen an die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen, wie z. B. die Elektromobilität, Zwischenspeicherung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Quellen etc., angepasst werden können. Darüber hinaus soll ein Ausblick über aktuelle Trends bei der Weiterentwicklung von Lithium‐Akkumulatoren gegeben werden.
Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Kohnke Hans‐Joachim
Published: October 2011

Es gibt eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Brennstoffzellentypen. Je nach Anwendung bieten sich unterschiedliche Technologien an. Die alkalische Niedertemperaturbrennstoffzelle (AFC) zeichnet sich durch einen hohen elektrischen Wirkungsgrad sowie preisgünstige Katalysatoren und Diaphragmen bzw. Separatoren aus. Prädestiniert ist diese Zelle in der Kombination mit der alkalischen Wasserelektrolyse. Ihr einziger tatsächlicher Nachteil, die CO2‐Unverträglichkeit des alkalischen Elektrolyten, ist hier bedeutungslos. Diese kostengünstigen Systeme können eingesetzt werden, wenn aus der Vielzahl von unregelmäßig produzierenden Solaranlagen ein Zusammenschluss von dezentralen Grundlastkraftwerken entstehen soll. Dabei bietet sich die Zwischenspeicherung der Energie in Batterien bzw. Elektrolyse/Brennstoffzellen an.
Zwei Erkenntnisbereiche, die zueinander gehören
Authors: Vogelezang Michiel , Rehm Markus
Published: October 2011

Die Mikrowelt mit ihren Molekülen, Atomen und Elementarteilchen kann heutzutage als hinreichend gesicherte Erkenntnis gelten. Mehr noch: Wer eine moderne Scientific Literacy anstrebt, sollte „die Lektion der Atome“ gelernt haben, wie Ernst‐Peter Fischer es sagt. In diesem Beitrag setzen wir beide Statements in Unterricht um. Dabei geht es zunächst um die Folgen aus der Einstein‐Beziehung für die Chemie. Anschließend stehen die Konsequenzen im Mittelpunkt, die der Chemieunterricht aus der Quantenphysik ziehen kann. Diese beziehen sich auf das Verhältnis zwischen den auf dem Labortisch handhabbaren Stoffportionen und den quantenphysikalischen Ganzheiten (also Atome, Elementarteilchen, usw.), aus denen sie modellhaft zusammengesetzt bzw. in die sie modellhaft zerlegt werden können. Es werden zwei Unterrichtssequenzen skizziert, die eine so geartete Einführung in die Teilchenvorstellungen beschreiben.
A Methodology for Clustering Lakes in Alberta on the basis of Water Quality Parameters
Authors: Akbar Tahir Ali , Hassan Quazi K. , Achari Gopal
Published: October 2011

In this study, a methodology for clustering 18 lakes in Alberta, Canada using the data of 19 water quality parameters for a period of 11 years (1988–2002) is presented. The methods consist of (i) principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the dominant water quality parameters, (ii) cluster analysis techniques to develop the characteristics of the clusters, and (iii) pattern‐match lakes to determine the appropriate cluster for each of the lakes. The PCA revealed that three principal components (PCs) were able to explain ∼88% of the variability and the dominant water quality parameters were total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll‐a. We obtained five clusters for the period 1994–1997 by using the dominant parameters with water quality deteriorating as the cluster number increased from 1 to 5. Upon matching cluster patterns with the entire dataset, it was observed that some of the lakes belonged to the same cluster all the time (e.g., cluster 1 for lakes Elkwater, Gregg, and Jarvis; cluster 3 for Sturgeon; cluster 4 for Moonshine; and cluster 5 for Saskatoon), while others changed with time. This methodology could be applied in other regions of the world to identify the most suitable source waters and prioritize their management. It could be helpful to analyze the natural controlling processes, pollution types, impact of seasonal changes and overall quality of source waters. This methodology could be used for monitoring water bodies in a cost effective and efficient way by sampling only less number of dominant parameters instead of using a large set of parameters.
Comparison of 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered diagnostic systems for the reporting of thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Crippa Stefano , Baloch Zubair , Piana Simonetta , Spitale Alessandra , Pagni Fabio , Mazzucchelli Luca , Di Bella Camillo , Faquin William
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:

At present, thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens are diagnosed using a tiered classification scheme, with the most popular of these being the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems. In this study, the authors present their institutional experiences using these 2 different systems and evaluate their efficacy based on the surgical follow‐up.

METHODS:

Thyroid FNA specimens and their corresponding surgical resection specimens were collected between 2007 and 2009. The following diagnostic categories are used in both systems: unsatisfactory/nondiagnostic, benign, follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant. An additional category termed atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance was used for atypical cases in the 6‐tiered system. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the different diagnostic categories.

RESULTS:

The case cohort included a total of 7686 thyroid FNA specimens representing 3962 nodules and 3724 nodules, respectively, in the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems. Negative predictive values for the benign categories (96.9% vs 97.5%; P = 1) and positive predictive values for both the follicular neoplasm categories (26.5% vs 32.1%; P = .2531) and the malignant categories (99.1% vs 99.4%; P = 1) were similar. The most significant differences between the 5‐tiered and 6‐tiered systems were the percentage of cases classified as benign (83.9% vs 55.4%; P < .0001) and as follicular neoplasms (4.6% vs 23.8%; P < .0001). It is interesting to note that fewer patients were referred for surgery in the 5‐tiered system compared with the 6‐tiered one (9.1% vs 36.5%; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of either the 5‐tiered or 6‐tiered reporting systems for thyroid FNA specimens can potentially affect the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Conformational Changes of Protein Adsorbed on Tailored Flat Substrates with Different Chemistries
Authors: Huang He , Xie Jing , Liu Xiaoli , Yuan Lin , Wang Shasha , Guo Songxi , Yu Haoran , Chen Hong , Zhang Yanliang , Wu Xiaohu
Published: October 2011

Changes in the bioactivity of a protein after being adsorbed on a material surface may result from conformational changes of the protein. Unfortunately, however, direct evidence of such conformational changes of proteins adsorbed on a flat material surface is sparse so far. This is because probing the conformation of an adsorbed protein on material surfaces, especially flat ones, remains a challenge due to considerable experimental difficulties. In this study, the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is used to characterize the conformational changes of a protein (lysozyme) adsorbed on tailored flat gold substrates with different chemistries. Two such substrates are formed by self‐assembly of octadecanethiol and thiolated PEG on gold chips (Au‐C18 and Au‐PEG). Preliminary results reveal that, compared to the hydrophobic Au‐C18 surface, the hydrophilic Au‐PEG surface has much smaller effect on the conformation of lysozyme in aqueous solution, which thereby keeps its high bioactivity. The conformational changes of lysozyme adsorbed on material surfaces with different chemistries are well correlated with changes in its bioactivity.
The correlation between spatial alignment of dislocations, grain orientation, and grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Schmid E. , Würzner S. , Funke C. , Behm Th. , Helbig R. , Pätzold O. , Berek H. , Stelter M.
Published: October 2011

An experimental study of the correlation between dislocations, grain orientation, and grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) bulk crystals is presented. Selected mc‐Si samples revealing typical structural patterns like clustering or line‐up of dislocations in the vicinity of grain boundaries are measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The orientation of dislocation slip planes and twin boundary planes as well as the relationship between the misorientation of neighbouring grains and the spatial alignment of dislocations are analyzed on the basis of the relevant pole figures calculated from EBSD scans. The effect of grain boundaries on the behaviour of dislocations seems to be related to the presence or absence of a common slip system on both sides of the boundary and hence, to the type of lattice misorientation between involved grains. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐power quadrature generators for body area network applications
Authors: Masuch Jens , Delgado‐Restituto Manuel
Published: October 2011

This paper presents different alternatives for the implementation of low‐power monolithic oscillators for wireless body area networks and describes the design of two quadrature generators operating in the 2.4‐GHz frequency range. Both implementations have been designed in a 90‐nm Complementary Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology and operate at 1 V of supply voltage. The first architecture uses a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) running at twice the desired output frequency followed by a divider‐by‐2 circuit. It experimentally consumes 335 μW and achieves a phase noise of −110.2 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz. The second architecture is a quadrature VCO that uses reinforced concrete phase shifters in the coupling path for phase noise improvement. Its power consumption is only 210 μW, and it obtains a phase noise of −111.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formulating hybrid equations and state equations for nonlinear circuits using SPICE
Authors: Yamamura Kiyotaka , Tonokura Mitsuru
Published: October 2011

Hybrid equations are often used in the theoretical study of nonlinear resistive circuits because they have an easy‐to‐analyze structure. They are also advantageous in the numerical analysis of nonlinear resistive circuits because they are separable and consist of a relatively small number of variables. However, the hybrid equations are seldom used in practical applications because their formulation is complicated. In this letter, we propose a simple method for formulating the hybrid equations using SPICE. In the proposed method, we only perform the transient analysis of SPICE on a linear circuit that is obtained through a small modification to the original circuit. It is also shown that state equations for nonlinear dynamic circuits can also be formulated by using the proposed method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a contactless power charger for a functional jacket
Authors: Lu Yan , Cheng Ka Wai Eric , Wang Shuxiao , Ding Kai , Kwok Kin Wing
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a contactless power charger for a functional jacket. The contactless power conversion, using the contactless power transformer, is examined. The primary and secondary sides of the transformer are separated by a large air gap, and hence, the power transfer can be obtained without physical contact. The characteristics of the gapped transformer and the compensation methodology on both the primary side and secondary side, are investigated in detail. The contactless power converter using phase‐locked loop control is presented. Experiments and results are disclosed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 5‐GHz energy‐efficient tunable pulse generator for ultra‐wideband applications using a variable attenuator for pulse shaping
Authors: El‐Gabaly Ahmed M. , Saavedra Carlos E.
Published: October 2011

A new energy‐efficient tunable pulse generator is presented in this paper using 0.13‐µm CMOS technology for short‐range high‐data‐rate 3.1–10.6 GHz ultra‐wideband applications. A ring oscillator consisting of current‐starved CMOS inverters is quickly switched on and off for the duration of the pulse, and the amplitude envelope is shaped with a variable passive CMOS attenuator. The variable passive attenuator is controlled using an impulse that is created by a low‐power glitch generator (CMOS NOR gate). The glitch generator combines the falling edge of the clock and its delayed inverse, allowing the duration of the impulse to be changed over a wide range (500–900 ps) by varying the delay between the edges. The pulses generated with this technique can provide a sharp frequency roll off with high out‐of‐band rejection to help meet the Federal Communications Commission mask. The entire circuit operates in switched mode with a low average power consumption of less than 3.8 mW at 910 MHz pulse repetition frequency or below 4.2 pJ of energy per pulse. It occupies a total area of 725 × 600 µm2 including bonding pads and decoupling capacitors, and the active circuit area is only 360 × 200 µm2. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of possible ferroresonance for a voltage range: realisation of a system event with a laboratory set‐up
Authors: Miličević Kruno , Emin Zia
Published: October 2011

The paper presents an analytical and numerical investigation carried out on part of an electrical power network exhibiting ferroresonant behaviour as well as experimental investigation on its physical model. The investigations were carried out in order to estimate the extent of predicting the range of voltage source amplitude values at which the initiation of ferroresonance depends on values of initial conditions and phase shift. For this range of voltage source amplitude values (termed as possible ferroresonant range in the paper), the impact of initial conditions and phase shift of voltage source on the initiation of ferroresonance is determined using a numerical investigation and an experimental set‐up. Reasons and consequences of disagreement of parameter values of the original and physical model are determined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for determination of rosuvastatin in plasma at picogram level
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A. , Al‐Obaid Abdul‐Rahman M. , Al‐Malaq Hamoud A.
Published: October 2011

In this study, a highly sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed and validated for the determination of rosuvastatin (ROS) in plasma samples at picogram level. The assay employed a polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes ROS with high affinity, and ROS conjugate of bovine serum albumin (ROS–BSA) immobilized onto microplate wells as a solid phase. The assay involved a competitive binding reaction between ROS, in plasma sample, and the immobilized ROS‐BSA for the binding sites on a limited amount of the anti‐ROS antibody. The bound anti‐ROS antibody was quantified with horseradish peroxidase‐labelled second anti‐rabbit IgG antibody (HRP‐IgG) and 3,3`,5,5`‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate for the peroxidase enzyme. The concentration of ROS in the sample was quantified by its ability to inhibit the binding of the anti‐ROS antibody to the immobilized ROS‐BSA and subsequently the colour intensity in the assay wells. The assay limit of detection was 25 pg ml–1and the effective working range at relative standard deviations (RSD) of ≤ 5% was 40–2000 pg ml–1. Analytical recovery of ROS from spiked plasma was 96.2 – 104.8 ± 2.12 – 5.42%. The precision of the assay was satisfactory; RSD was 2.47 – 4.46 and 3.24 – 5.27% for the intra‐ and inter‐assay precision, respectively. The analytical procedure is convenient, and one can analyze ~ 200 samples per working day, facilitating the processing of large‐number batch of samples. The proposed ELISA has a great value in routine analysis of ROS for its pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of transgenic mice overexpressing EfnB2 in endothelial cells
Authors: Luxey Maëva , Laussu Julien , Jungas Thomas , Davy Alice
Published: October 2011

Tranverse section of a E10.5 mouse embryo showing the dorsal aorta immunostained for CD‐31 (red) and DRAQ5TM (blue).
Generation of Ppp2Ca and Ppp2Cb conditional null alleles in mouse
Authors: Gu Pengyu , Qi Xin , Zhou Yue , Wang Yun , Gao Xiang
Published: October 2011

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundant serine/threonine phosphatases, with a critical role in embryonic development and human disease. There are two isoforms of the catalytic subunit of PP2A, Ppp2ca and Ppp2cb. Null mutation of Ppp2ca leads to early embryonic lethality at E6.5, hindering functional study of PP2A beyond this stage. We generated conditional null alleles of Ppp2ca and Ppp2cb by flanking with loxP sites exons 3 to 5 of Ppp2ca and exon 3 of Ppp2cb. Ppp2cafl/fl mice did not display any visible phenotype. Homozygous mutants in which Cre‐mediated excision resulted in global deletion of Ppp2ca displayed embryonic lethality and developmental defects similar to those previously reported. Ppp2cbΔ/Δ mice generated by the same strategy did not display any obvious morphological or physiological defects. These mouse strains can serve as important genetic tools to study the roles of PP2A during development and disease in a spatial‐ or temporal‐specific manner. genesis 50:429–436, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification ofBombyx atonaland functional comparison with theDrosophila atonalproneural factor in the developing fly eye
Authors: Yu Linlin , Zhou Qingxiang , Zhang Chuanxi , Pignoni Francesca
Published: October 2011

The proneural genes are fundamental regulators of neuronal development in all metazoans. A critical role of the fly proneural factor Atonal (AtoDm) is to induce photoreceptor neuron formation inDrosophila, whereas its murine homolog, Atonal7Mm(aka Ath5) is essential for the development of the ganglion cells of the vertebrate eye. Here, we identify theBombyx mori atohomolog (atoBm). In a pattern strikingly reminiscent ofatoDm, theatoBmmRNA is expressed as a stripe in the silkworm eye disc. Its DNA‐binding and protein‐protein interaction domain is highly homologous to the AtoDmbHLH. Targeted expression of AtoBmin the endogenousatoDmpattern rescues the eyeless phenotype of the flyato1mutant and its ectopic expression induces similar gain‐of‐function phenotypes as AtoDm. Rescue experiments with chimeric proteins show that the non‐bHLH portion of AtoBm(N‐region) can effectively substitute for the corresponding region of the fly transcription factor, even though no apparent conservation can be found at the amino acid level. On the contrary, the highly similar bHLH domain of AtoBmcannot similarly substitute for the corresponding region of AtoDm. Thus, the bHLHBmdomain requires the AtoBmN‐region to function effectively, whereas the bHLHDmdomain can operate well with either N‐region. These findings suggest a role for the non‐bHLH portion of Ato proteins in modulating the function of the bHLH domain in eye neurogenesis and implicate specific aa residues of the bHLH in this process. genesis 50:393–403, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemiluminescence DNA Sensor Based on Hairpin Structure DNA as recognition element and Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica Nanoparticles as Signal‐Producing Compound
Authors: Sun Qixia , Zou Guizheng , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: October 2011

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor was presented using a hairpin structure DNA as recognition element and Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles (Ru‐DSNPs) as ECL signal‐producing compound. The sensor was fabricated by immobilizing a hairpin structure DNA probe labeled with Ru‐DSNPs onto a gold electrode and formimg the stem‐loop structure. This sensor generated a strong ECL. After hybridization with the target DNA, the ECL signal significantly decreased. The logarithm of ECL intensity decreased linearly with the logarithm of target DNA concentration in the range from 2.0×10−13 to 2.0×10−9 mol/L with detection limit was 5.0×10−14 mol/L (S/N=3).
Effect of copper ion on adsorption of chlorinated phenols and 1-naphthylamine to surface-modified carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhu Dongqiang , Chen Wei
Published: October 2011

Understanding the adsorptive interactions between organic contaminants and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is critical to both environmental applications and risk management of CNTs. The objective of the present study was to understand how transitional metal ions with strong complexing capabilities might affect the adsorption of hydroxyl- and amino-substituted aromatics to surface O-functionality-rich single-walled CNTs (O-SWNT) and N-functionality-rich single-walled CNTs (N-SWNT). Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, and 1-naphthylamine to O-SWNT and N-SWNT can be significantly enhanced in the presence of Cu(II) (50 mg/L), whereas adsorption of 1,2-dichlorobenzene is essentially unaffected. The most likely mechanism for the Cu-enhanced adsorption is that Cu(II) serves as a bridging agent between organic solutes and the functional groups on CNT surfaces. For the adsorption of 1-naphthylamine to N-SWNT, an additional mechanism might be possible; that is, the complexation of Cu(II) with the N-functional groups of N-SWNT can change these groups from strong Lewis bases to Lewis acids and thereby significantly enhance adsorption via the mechanism of Lewis acid–base interactions. In addition, adsorption of Cu(II) can be significantly enhanced by the adsorption of organic cosolutes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:100–107. © 2011 SETAC
Altered brain activity during emotional empathy in somatoform disorder
Authors: de Greck Moritz , Scheidt Lisa , Bölter Annette F. , Frommer Jörg , Ulrich Cornelia , Stockum Eva , Enzi Björn , Tempelmann Claus , Hoffmann Thilo , Han Shihui , Northoff Georg
Published: October 2011

Somatoform disorder patients suffer from impaired emotion recognition and other emotional deficits. Emotional empathy refers to the understanding and sharing of emotions of others in social contexts. It is likely that the emotional deficits of somatoform disorder patients are linked to disturbed empathic abilities; however, little is known so far about empathic deficits of somatoform patients and the underlying neural mechanisms. We used fMRI and an empathy paradigm to investigate 20 somatoform disorder patients and 20 healthy controls. The empathy paradigm contained facial pictures expressing anger, joy, disgust, and a neutral emotional state; a control condition contained unrecognizable stimuli. In addition, questionnaires testing for somatization, alexithymia, depression, empathy, and emotion recognition were applied. Behavioral results confirmed impaired emotion recognition in somatoform disorder and indicated a rather distinct pattern of empathic deficits of somatoform patients with specific difficulties in “empathic distress.” In addition, somatoform patients revealed brain areas with diminished activity in the contrasts “all emotions”–“control,” “anger”–“control,” and “joy”–“control,” whereas we did not find brain areas with altered activity in the contrasts “disgust”–“control” and “neutral”–“control.” Significant clusters with less activity in somatoform patients included the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, the left amygdala, the left postcentral gyrus, the left superior temporal gyrus, the left posterior insula, and the bilateral cerebellum. These findings indicate that disturbed emotional empathy of somatoform disorder patients is linked to impaired emotion recognition and abnormal activity of brain regions responsible for emotional evaluation, emotional memory, and emotion generation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expertise modulates the neural basis of context dependent recognition of objects and their relations
Authors: Bilalić Merim , Turella Luca , Campitelli Guillermo , Erb Michael , Grodd Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

Recognition of objects and their relations is necessary for orienting in real life. We examined cognitive processes related to recognition of objects, their relations, and the patterns they form by using the game of chess. Chess enables us to compare experts with novices and thus gain insight in the nature of development of recognition skills. Eye movement recordings showed that experts were generally faster than novices on a task that required enumeration of relations between chess objects because their extensive knowledge enabled them to immediately focus on the objects of interest. The advantage was less pronounced on random positions where the location of chess objects, and thus typical relations between them, was randomized. Neuroimaging data related experts' superior performance to the areas along the dorsal stream—bilateral posterior temporal areas and left inferior parietal lobe were related to recognition of object and their functions. The bilateral collateral sulci, together with bilateral retrosplenial cortex, were also more sensitive to normal than random positions among experts indicating their involvement in pattern recognition. The pattern of activations suggests experts engage the same regions as novices, but also that they employ novel additional regions. Expert processing, as the final stage of development, is qualitatively different than novice processing, which can be viewed as the starting stage. Since we are all experts in real life and dealing with meaningful stimuli in typical contexts, our results underline the importance of expert‐like cognitive processing on generalization of laboratory results to everyday life. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The presence of a second rat has only subtle effects on the location‐specific firing of hippocampal place cells
Authors: Zynyuk Larysa , Huxter John , Muller Robert U. , Fox Steven E.
Published: October 2011

We compared the spatial firing properties of hippocampal place cells as a hungry rat foraged for randomly scattered food pellets in a familiar environment while it was by itself and while it shared the arena with a second rat that also was trained in the same task. Our goal was to determine if the hippocampal mapping system remained functional in the presence of the second rat, despite a strong initial tendency of the two animals to stay close together and despite the increased complexity of the sensory surroundings. We found that almost all place cell firing fields were only marginally changed by introducing the second rat. In particular, there was no evidence of the remapping characteristic of place cells in a sufficiently different novel environment. Instead, firing fields became somewhat less well organized and slightly weaker in the presence of the second rat. These second order changes were found to be distance dependent; the degradation of firing properties was maximal when the two rats were near each other. We conclude that signals in the hippocampal mapping system are affected to a small enough extent that accurate navigational is still possible when the environment is enriched in this realistic fashion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.