bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Log odds of positive lymph nodes compared to positive lymph node ratio and number of positive lymph nodes in prognostic modeling for patients with NSCLC undergoing lobectomy or total pneumonectomy: a population-based study using Cox regression and XGBoost with SHAP analysis
Authors: Huang Qiming , Chen Shai , Li Zhenjie , Wu Longren , Yu Dongliang , Xiong Linmin
Published: January 2025

Background

Methods such as the number of positive lymph nodes (nPLN), lymph node ratio (LNR), and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) are used to predict prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that LODDS could be a superior independent predictor of prognosis and aimed to compare its effectiveness with nPLN and LNR in predicting survival outcomes in stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients.

Methods

We utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registry (2010–2019) to study NSCLC patients, focusing on those who underwent surgery with confirmed lymph node involvement (N1 or N2 disease). We aimed to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) based on nPLN, LNR, and LODDS. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate survival, with thresholds determined using X-tile software. An XGBoost model was constructed to predict overall survival in patients using three features: LODDS, LNR, and PLN. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied to assess feature importance and provide interpretable insights into the model's predictions.

Results

The study analyzed 3,132 eligible NSCLC patients from the SEER database, predominantly male (53.07%) with adenocarcinoma (43.65%) or squamous cell carcinoma (29.76%). Survival outcomes were assessed using nPLN, LNR, and LODDS. LODDS showed superior predictive value for both OS and CSS compared to nPLN and LNR, as indicated by a larger Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) and smaller Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Higher scores on npLN, LNR, and LODDS were strongly related with a poorer prognosis, according to Kaplan-Meier analyses (P < 0.001). The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis of the XGBoost model demonstrated that the LODDS exhibited the highest SHAP values (0.25) for predicting overall survival in patients, consistently outperforming the LNR and the number of nPLN across both training and validation datasets.

Conclusions

Compared to the nPLN and LNR staging systems, LODDS demonstrates superior prognostic power for patients with stage I–IIIA NSCLC undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy. By integrating both positive and negative lymph node information, LODDS offers a refined risk stratification that is particularly valuable in cases with high lymph node heterogeneity.
Effect of epileptiform discharges and hippocampal volume on cognitive dysfunction following clipping of ruptured aneurysms in the anterior circulation
Authors: Otsuka Kunitoshi , Sunaga Shigeki , Jimbo Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yoshinori , Kohno Michihiro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cognitive dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains unclear due to various neurological impairments. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in hippocampal volume, cognitive function, and interictal epileptiform discharges after clipping in patients with aSAH of anterior circulation.

Methods

Patients with modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–3 points who underwent clipping were evaluated. Aneurysmal locations were classified as middle cerebral artery (MCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Surgery was performed using the transsylvian approach or interhemispheric approach. Hippocampal volume measurement, neuropsychological assessments, and interictal electroencephalogram evaluations were performed postoperatively at the subacute phase. Epileptiform discharges were assessed using the spike index (SI).

Results

We included 60 patients (23 men, 37 women; median age, 57.4 years). Aneurysmal locations were found in the MCA, ICA, and ACA in 23, 19, and 18 patients, respectively. The postoperative hippocampal volume was significantly reduced on the clipping approach side in the MCA and ICA groups (MCA, p < .001; ICA, p < .001). There was no correlation between hippocampal volume and cognitive function. A significant difference was noted in elevated SI on the approach side of the MCA (p < .001), ICA (p < .001), and ACA (p < .001) in the transsylvian approach group. The elevated SI on the left approach side showed significant differences in some neuropsychological assessments (performance intellectual quotient, p = .028; perceptual organization, p = .045; working memory, p = .003).

Discussion

Cognitive dysfunction in the subacute phase after clipping for aSAH was not correlated with hippocampal volume reduction but was correlated with interictal epileptiform discharges.
Rabies vaccinations at the rural–urban divide: successes and barriers to dog rabies vaccination programs from a rural and urban campaign in Zambia
Authors: Chazya Ricky , Mulenga Chilufya Aneta Susan , Gibson Andrew D. , Lohr Frederic , Boutelle Cassandra , Bonaparte Sarah , Sinywibulula Oline , Thomas Gareth , Bwalya Patricia , Dautu George , Munsimbwe Linous , Muuka Geoffrey , Gamble Luke , Wallace Ryan M. , Waltenburg Michelle A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Dog vaccination against rabies is considered one of the most effective strategies at preventing human deaths from rabies and is a key strategy for eliminating dog-mediated human rabies deaths. Traditional vaccination approaches in Zambia rarely collect operational data to assess coverage and inform subsequent campaigns.

Methods

Following mass vaccination campaigns in rural (Itezhi tezhi) and urban (Lusaka) communities, we evaluated vaccination coverage achieved during the campaigns and characterized and estimated the dog population in these communities.

Results

Herd immunity (i.e., 70% vaccination coverage) was not achieved in the Lusaka campaign, likely due to challenges in pre-campaign community sensitization and distance to vaccination sites in the central point campaign approach. Dog population density showed a strong exponential association with human density (R2 = 0.89). Extrapolating this relationship nationally, there are an estimated 3.2 million dogs in Zambia (human-to-dog ratio 5.8:1) with 86% residing in rural communities at a very low density of less than 6 dogs per square kilometer.

Discussion

As most dogs were found to reside at very low densities, unique challenges to large-scale dog vaccination approaches may impact Zambia, due to high logistical costs associated with these settings. Prioritizing vaccinations in higher-density free-roaming dog populations could maximize effectiveness in resource-limited settings. Private veterinary services were commonly utilized among surveyed dog owners in urbanized communities in Lusaka, suggesting that they are an important collaborator for achieving rabies herd immunity. With improved knowledge of dog population and ownership characteristics, Zambia is well-prepared to design more effective vaccination campaigns as the rabies elimination program expands.
Socio-economic assessment of dog population management systems: a scoping review
Authors: Ghimire Rabina , Mohanty Parimala , Hiby Elly , Larkins Andrew , Dürr Salome , Hartnack Sonja
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Dog Population Management (DPM) systems primarily aim to reduce the free-roaming dog population, improve the health and welfare of humans and dogs, and foster their peaceful coexistence. A key challenge to resource allocation and evidence-based policy making in DPM is the rare evaluation of the associated socio-economic impacts. This scoping review identifies, maps, and summarizes published parameters and methods on the socio-economic aspect of DPM systems.

Methods

Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, and with a protocol registered on the Open Science Framework, this review explores (i) types of DPM services, (ii) types of parameters (intervention, impact, monetized, or non-monetized), (iii) methodological approaches (such as cost–benefit or cost-effectiveness analysis), and (iv) gaps and challenges in socio-economic DPM assessments. Relevant publications were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Results

Our review identified 14 out of more than 7,200 studies indicating the limitation of socio-economic data associated with DPM systems. The studies revealed diverse approaches to DPM, sterilization being the most frequently used service, often combined with vaccination and community awareness. Culling was also used by several studies as a DPM intervention, though considered unethical. The review highlighted a range of intervention, impact, and monetary parameters to evaluate the economics of DPM systems, demonstrating the complexity and varied scope of the services. Varied categorizations of the dog population were observed, making comparative evaluation challenging. Economic methods such as cost–benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses were observed, identifying several associated economic metrics. Studies highlighted gaps mostly related to data availability and accessibility.

Conclusion

The limitations of socio-economic data arise from a lack of standardized methodologies across regions and contexts and limited data collection efforts. Prioritizing systematic collection of data on costs, benefits and social impacts allows for a more robust analysis of DPM systems. Developing tools and standardized reporting methods would further facilitate consistent evaluation of impacts, efficient resource allocation and evidence-based policy making to implement the most cost-effective DPM systems.

Systematic review registration

DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/NHE3X
“Don’t Even Smoke But I’ll Buy That” Twitch as a New Venue for E-Cigarette Promotion
Authors: Küçükali Hüseyin
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study examines the covert promotion of e-cigarettes, specifically Juul, on the video live-streaming platform Twitch, focusing on the content and platform-specific dynamics that may influence its effectiveness.

Methods

This qualitative case study of a non-gaming Twitch stream included data from influencer conversations, viewer comments and visual elements. Thematic analysis, coding, and categorisation were conducted using ATLAS.ti.

Results

The livestream, which attracted over ten thousand viewers, featured three friends vaping and discussing their personal experiences with Juul. Themes included curiosity, device sharing, and smoking cessation benefits. The stream fostered a casual, engaging atmosphere, with viewers interacting extensively with the influencers and also other viewers. Despite suspicions of industry sponsorship, viewers reacted positively and even joked about the sponsorship. Several viewers, including those who claimed not to smoke, expressed interest in Juul.

Conclusion

The study highlights concerns about the promotion of harmful commodities on Twitch, where strong community engagement, monetary incentives, and a lack of specific content policies create a conducive environment for such practices. This underscores the need for greater scrutiny and regulation of e-cigarette promotions on the platform.
Understanding the role of nerves in head and neck cancers - a review
Authors: Rutkowski Krzysztof , Gola Michał , Godlewski Janusz , Starzyńska Anna , Marvaso Giulia , Mastroleo Federico , Giulia Vincini Maria , Porazzi Alice , Zaffaroni Mattia , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja
Published: January 2025

Worldwide, head and neck cancers (HNCs) account for approximately 900,000 cases and 500,000 deaths annually, with their incidence continuing to rise. Carcinogenesis is a complex, multidimensional molecular process leading to cancer development, and in recent years, the role of nerves in the pathogenesis of various malignancies has been increasingly recognized. Thanks to the abundant innervation of the head and neck region, peripheral nervous system has gained considerable interest for its possible role in the development and progression of HNCs. Intratumoral parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory nerve fibers are emerging as key players and potential targets for novel anti-cancer and pain-relieving medications in different tumors, including HNCs. This review explores nerve-cancer interactions, including perineural invasion (PNI), cancer-related axonogenesis, neurogenesis, and nerve reprogramming, with an emphasis on their molecular mechanisms, mediators and clinical implications. PNI, an adverse histopathologic feature, has been widely investigated in HNCs. However, its prognostic value remains debated due to inconsistent results when classified dichotomously (present/absent). Emerging evidence suggests that quantitative and qualitative descriptions of PNI may better reflect its clinical usefulness. The review also examines therapies targeting nerve-cancer crosstalk and highlights the influence of HPV status on tumor innervation. By synthesizing current knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives, this review offers insights into the molecular basis of nerve involvement in HNCs and the potential for novel therapeutic approaches.
A Global Survey of Self-Reported Cancer Screening Practices by Health Professionals for Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients
Authors: Saleem Nida , Lim Wai H. , Stephens Jacqueline H. , Wilson Annabelle , Bonevski Billie , Jaure Allison , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Dal Grande Eleonora , Howell Martin , Boroumand Farzaneh , van Zwieten Anita , Guha Chandana , Scholes-Robertson Nicole , Chadban Steven J. , Hawley Carmel M. , Craig Jonathan C. , Chapman Jeremy R. , Hassan Danyal , Knoll Greg , Murakami Naoka , Wong Germaine
Published: January 2025

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Health professionals have a critical role in promoting cancer screening participation. From March 2023 to February 2024, an online survey was distributed to kidney transplant health professionals globally to assess their screening practices. We compared their reported screening practices to recommended guidelines and analyzed factors associated with these practices. We received 97 responses, and most were nephrologists (70%), and around 80% recommended breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening for kidney transplant candidates and recipients. About 85% recommended lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals. Skin cancer screening recommendations varied from 69% for transplant candidates and 84% for recipients. Self-reported cervical cancer screening practices were most concordant with recommended guidelines, followed by breast and skin cancers. Barriers reported included a lack of cancer screening awareness (28%), perceived financial constraints (35%), and deficient structured cancer screening systems (51%). Professionals from high-income countries were more likely to advise screening than those from lower-middle-income countries, with odds ratios ranging from 2.9 to 12.3. Most health professionals reported recommending cancer screening for kidney transplant candidates and recipients. However, recommendations were influenced by costs and service delivery gaps within health systems.
Normalization-Guided and Gradient-Weighted Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Network for Transfer Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Faults Under Class Imbalance
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Li
Published: January 2025

Transfer learning has garnered significant interest in the field of bearing fault diagnosis under varying operational conditions due to its robust generalization capabilities. However, real-world diagnostic scenarios frequently encounter data imbalances, which complicates the learning of the classification boundary for the minority class within the diagnostic model. To address this challenge, we propose a normalization-guided and gradient-weighted unsupervised domain adaptation network (NG-UDAN) for intelligent bearing fault diagnosis, aimed at tackling inter-domain feature shifts and intra-domain category imbalances. Firstly, the proposed network integrates a residual feature extractor with the Domain Normalization (DN) module to enhance domain-invariant feature extraction. Subsequently, the Local Maximum Mean Discrepancy (LMMD) loss is utilized to minimize the conditional distributional differences between the source and target domains. Finally, the Gradient-Weighted Focal Loss (GWFL) is specifically designed to address the issue of class imbalance. Experiments conducted across three imbalanced scenarios using the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Paderborn University (PU) datasets demonstrate that NG-UDAN is effective in both single-source and mixed-source domain adaptation. Furthermore, comparisons with alternative methods validate the superiority of this approach in managing class imbalances under varying working conditions.
Design and Analysis of Combined Vibration Absorbers for Ship Propulsion Shaft Systems
Authors: Luo Dongdong , Ouyang Qing , Hu Hongsheng
Published: January 2025

The vibration of a ship’s propulsion shaft system directly affects the ship’s lifespan, and many studies have designed vibration absorbers only for one of the natural frequencies of a ship’s propulsion shaft system without considering the influence of multiple low-order resonance frequencies. In this paper, a vibration absorber combined with a magnetorheological elastomer vibration absorber and a rubber vibration absorber in series is designed, and it can cover two torsional natural frequency band ranges to achieve better vibration reduction performances in multiple different torsional natural frequencies. The torsional natural frequency of the propulsion shafting of a 45 m fishing vessel is determined based on a multiple-degrees-of-freedom equivalent discretization model. Two natural frequencies, 22.4 Hz and 131.4 Hz, of a ship propulsion shaft system are selected as the design goal parameters of the combined vibration absorber. The magnetic field is simulated to ensure that the magnetic field generated by an energized coil can meet requirements. Then, a dynamic simulation of the ship propulsion shaft system with a combined vibration absorber is conducted via co-simulation. Afterward, the device is installed on the intermediate shaft of the ship propulsion shaft system for simulation, and the vibration reduction effect of the device is analyzed at different frequencies by controlling the current. When the device is controlled to operate at the optimal frequency point, the results show that the angular acceleration vibration amplitude reduction around the first and third torsional natural frequencies of the propulsion shaft system reaches 90% and 18%, respectively. This study provides new ideas for the intelligent and controllable vibration damping of ship propulsion shaft systems, especially for the development trend of intelligent ship equipment under complex working conditions.
Effects of the Fuel Species on the Combustion Pressure in a Two Staged Fueled Scramjet Combustor
Authors: Nishiguchi Hironobu , Kodera Masatoshi , Tomioka Sadatake
Published: January 2025

Two-staged fuel injection configuration for scramjet combustors has been shown to be effective in distributing heat release in the combustor for preventing the unstart transition of the engine by suppressing peak pressure while increasing the pressure thrust. In this study, the effect of fuel species on combustion characteristics in a two-staged fueled scramjet combustor was investigated. Wall pressure measurements in a two-staged fueled scramjet combustor were conducted in a combustion wind tunnel facility with fuels having different reactivity, such as H2 and CH4. Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large Eddy Simulation (RANS/LES) hybrid simulations were performed to verify the interaction characteristics between the primary and secondary combustion zones for different fuels. The experimental results confirmed that pressure peaks at injections were clearly separated in the hydrogen case, while these interacted with each other in the methane case with a lower reactivity than H2. The RANS/LES Hybrid analysis predicted this effect of fuel reactivity on the pressure distribution, namely, the heat release delay of the first stage fuel caused the interaction with the second stage fuel heat release. The results indicate that the need to design the staged fueled combustor, i.e., the injection stage interval accordingly to the reactivity of the fuel.
Close-Proximity Operations Design, Analysis, and Validation for Non-Cooperative Targets with an Application to the ClearSpace-1 Mission
Authors: Vasconcelos José , Gaggi Serena , Amaral Tiago , Bakouche Charles , Cotuna Adina , Friaças Ana
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the design, analysis, and validation of safe close-proximity operations around uncooperative targets, with an application to the ClearSpace-1 (CS-1) mission. It is focused on the areas of Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC), and Mission Analysis, due to their criticality for the success and safety of this kind of operation. The relevance of the concepts, of the GNC solutions, and their validation is demonstrated for the case study of CS-1, a reference mission for the rendezvous, capture, and de-orbiting of an uncooperative target (i.e., the VESPA payload adapter). It is shown how the design approach can be adopted for the Concept of Operations of CS-1, covering the definition of keep-out zones, corridors, and GO/NO GO criteria, for assessing the passive safety of trajectories, and for the incorporation of active safety strategies. The analysis is adopted for functional chains such as the Navigation and Control, and the combination of a prototyping and a high-fidelity simulator is adopted for directed Model-in-the-Loop Monte-Carlo campaigns. The outcomes are intended to support the industry in the development of Close-Proximity Operations similar to that of CS-1. These can be adopted in a wide variety of missions, including Active Debris Removal and In-Orbit Servicing. In particular, the adopted concepts are a key contribution to the standardization of Close-Proximity Operations for non-cooperative rendezvous missions, and act towards a sustainable and safe commercial application.
Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya
Authors: Chinnasamy Kavitha , Krishnan Naveen Kumar , Balasubramaniam Moganapathi , Balamurugan Reena , Lakshmanan Pugalendhi , Karuppasami Kalarani M. , Karuppannan Manoranjitham S. , Thiyagarajan Elaiyabharathi , Alagarswamy Senthil , Muthusamy Saraladevi
Published: January 2025

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a highly nutritious fruit crop cultivated commercially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Being a shallow rooted fruit crop, it requires frequent application of nutrients. Papaya is highly remunerative due to its high productivity and responds positively to nutrient application. Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is a major threat to papaya production, which causes severe yield loss and reduces fruit quality. To combat PRSV and enhance productivity, a nutrient formulation was developed by combining organic, inorganic nutrient sources with biocontrol agents to improve the health and vigor of the plants. Experiments were conducted to standardize the application time and evaluate the efficacy of nutrient formulation in enhancing yield, and to combat papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) incidence in papaya from January 2021 to December 2023 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The results revealed that foliar application of nutrient formulation at monthly intervals from the 3rd to the 7th month after planting (MAP) along with regular application of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) at bimonthly intervals from the 3rd MAP significantly increased the yield (37.79% and 30.57% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and Red Lady, respectively) and reduced PRSV disease incidence (22.49% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and 16.53% in Red Lady). Metabolomics study indicates that foliar spray of nutrient formulation enhanced the activators and precursors of defense enzymes, viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) and nitrate reductase (NRase) in the sprayed plants over unsprayed control. Therefore, the sprayed plants exhibited tolerance to PRSV incidence by maintaining vigor and induced systemic resistance by the defense enzymes.
Transboundary Impacts of NO2 on Soil Nitrogen Fixation and Their Effects on Crop Yields in China
Authors: Xie Jinhui , Yu Peiheng , Deng Xiangzheng
Published: January 2025

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) impacts climate, air quality, soil nitrogen fixation, and crop production, yet its transboundary impacts remain unclear. This study combines 15 global datasets to assess nitrogen’s transboundary impacts on crop yields and soil health. We use machine learning to develop yield prediction models for major grain crops (maize, rice, soybean, and wheat) affected by NO2. Our findings indicate stable soil nitrogen fixation in China from 2015 to 2020, although overgrazing and deforestation may cause declines. Increasing soil total nitrogen content by 0.62–2.1 g/kg can reduce NO2 by 10–30%. Our research indicates that the current agricultural environments for major grain crops (58.5–94.2%) have already exceeded the NO2 concentration range that crops can tolerate, particularly in regions near northern urban clusters. This highlights the need for regional interventions, such as precision nitrogen fertilizer management, to enhance both soil nitrogen fixation and crop yields. Scenario analysis suggests that NO2 control can boost maize and rice yields in a greener context, while increasing total nitrogen content improves wheat and soybean yields. This provides a solution for advancing sustainable agriculture by linking nitrogen cycle management with improved crop yields and environmental sustainability.
Exploring the Impact of Citric Acid on Mitigating Sweet Potato Soft Rot and Enhancing Postharvest Quality
Authors: Chen Yixi , Pang Linjiang , Bai Jiacheng , Yu Wenbao , Zhu Yueming , George Melvin Sidikie , Lv Zunfu , Lu Guoquan
Published: January 2025

Citric acid (CAC) is a ubiquitous, odorless, and non-toxic food additive. Soft rot, caused by the pathogen Rhizopus stolonifer, is a major postharvest disease affecting sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). The main theme of this study is to determine the CAC inhibitory mechanism against Rhizopus stolonifer, the causative agent of sweet potato soft rot. To ascertain the practical applicability of CAC, both in vitro and in vivo methodologies were employed. The aim of the in vitro experiments in this study was to delineate the effects of a 0.5% (w/v) CAC solution on the growth inhibition of Rhizopus stolonifer, encompassing mycelial morphology and colony expansion. In vivo experiments were carried out using “Xinxiang” sweet potato varieties and the application of a 0.5% (w/v) CAC solution as a pretreatment. Specifically, the tissue treated with 0.5% CAC maintained better appearance quality and texture characteristics; peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities were enhanced. Conversely, the same treatment resulted in a downregulation of polyphenol oxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, cellulase, and polygalactosidase activities. Moreover, CAC treatment was found to maintain elevated levels of total phenolics and flavonoids within the sweet potato tissues. In summary, the study demonstrates that 0.5% CAC fortifies the resistance of sweet potato to soft rot by activating defense-related enzymes, suppressing the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and promoting the accumulation of antimicrobial compounds. These results advocate for the utilization of CAC as a postharvest treatment to mitigate the incidence of sweet potato soft rot.
Arsenic Uptake in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) as Influenced by Soil Tillage Practices and Fertilization Sources in Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Bravo Ilenia , Atait Mariam , Colamatteo Ilenia , Mancinelli Roberto , Allam Mohamed , Papetti Patrizia , Radicetti Emanuele
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, arsenic (As) accumulation in agricultural soils and its transfer in crop yields is representing a growing concern that threatens food safety and security in the Mediterranean environment. Soil tillage and fertilization may increase the accumulation of As in plant tissues; therefore, there is a need to develop sustainable agronomical practices capable of supporting crop yield while mitigating As accumulation. The current study was carried out through a 7-year experiment with the aim of evaluating the As uptake by different parts of the durum wheat plant. The experimental treatments include the following: (i) three soil tillage practices (plowing, subsoiling, and spading) and (ii) two fertilization methods (mineral and organic). A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted. The experimental period refers to the 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The results suggest that the maximum level of As was found in plant roots and the minimum in wheat kernels. The chemical fertilization as 2020 × Mineral (1.522 mg As kg−1 d.m.) and 2020 × Plowing (1.855 mg As kg−1 d.m.) had the maximum As content in the roots. Conversely, the content of As was at a minimum in the wheat kernels for organic fertilization as 2021 × Organic (0.012 mg As kg−1 d.m.) and subsoiling tillage as 2021 × Subsoiling (0.008 mg As kg−1 d.m.). Moreover, the application of an organic fertilization source as a tool for enhancing the soil organic matter content also significantly decreased the As content. The results suggest that reduced tillage practices and the adoption of organic amendment could be classified as sustainable agronomic practices in agri-food systems, which are able to improve plant quality and assure a safe consumption of wheat kernels.
Plant Adaptability to Improved Dredged Sediment
Authors: Zhang Shoulong , Mo Rixiong , Shi Haorong , Li Yuanzhen , Zhou Yaoyao , Wang Chenhao , Yu Guanlong
Published: January 2025

Traditional dredged sludge disposal methods are characterized by low resource utilization and high carbon emissions, leading to serious environmental pollution. This study used dredged sludge, composted pig manure, and sawdust as raw materials, and supplemented them with composite biological agents to prepare improved soil. Plant adaptability to the improved soil was comprehensively evaluated using factors such as seed germination index (GI). The alkaline nitrogen content in the improved soil increased by 78.61% compared to the dredged sludge, and the content of other nutrients such as available potassium also increased to varying degrees. Ryegrass seed GI increased by 51.06% in improved soil (IS1) compared to dredged sludge. The main dominant fungi in the improved soil (IS1) were Tausonia, Trichoderma, and Cystoflobasidium, which promote soil nutrient activation and antagonize pathogenic bacteria, making the environment more conducive to plant growth. Dredged sludge was successfully converted into planting soil. Fully utilizing the nitrogen, phosphorus, and other substances enriched in dredged sludge to provide nutrients for plant growth is an efficient method to achieve dredged sludge resource utilization.
Analysis of Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Driving Factors of China’s Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
Authors: Ju Fei , Yang Rui , Yang Chun
Published: January 2025

China’s Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) are agricultural systems with deep historical and cultural roots that exhibit temporal continuity and spatial heterogeneity in their formation and distribution. As modern and industrialized agriculture have developed, traditional agricultural systems are facing unprecedented challenges and pressures. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of 196 China-NIAHS sites, categorized into five categories. Using spatial analysis techniques and Geographical Detectors, this study identifies key natural, socioeconomic, and cultural drivers shaping their distribution. The results reveal a predominantly clustered spatial distribution of China-NIAHS, centered around the Yangtze River Basin, with significant influences from population density, tourism development, and industrialization. Historical analysis highlights a west-to-east and northward migration of agricultural activity, driven by political stability and technological advancements. Further findings indicate that the spatial distribution of China-NIAHS is primarily determined by population density, tourism development, and river network density. Population density plays a pivotal role in heritage preservation, tourism development generates economic benefits and facilitates cultural dissemination, and river network density supports the formation and sustainability of heritage sites. Conversely, urbanization and economic development have limited influence, emphasizing the need to prioritize socioeconomic and natural factors in conservation strategies. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of China-NIAHS, offering valuable insights for sustainable heritage conservation and the strategic integration of natural and socioeconomic factors into modern agricultural policies. These findings deepen the understanding of China-NIAHS, highlighting their role in ecological and cultural sustainability while supporting value assessment, region-specific protection, and sustainable utilization strategies.
A Monthly Water Balance Model for Vineyard Planning and Inter-Row Management
Authors: Andrenelli Maria Costanza , Pellegrini Sergio , Becagli Claudia , Orlandini Alessandro , Perria Rita , Storchi Paolo , Vignozzi Nadia
Published: January 2025

Vineyard is one of the most complex and vulnerable agroecosystems, and ongoing climate change makes it necessary to identify effective management and adaptation practices. For this reason, a water balance model tailored for viticulture was developed to be implemented within a Decision Support System (DSS) aimed at supporting winemakers both in the vineyard’s planning and management phase. Starting from a simple monthly water balance, based on the Thornthwaite–Mather method, the model returns the water stress risk class through the connection to a soil and climate database; the user can however customize the response by inserting information related to a specific vineyard (e.g., planting, soil, and management layout). The model was tested using data from a three-year field experiment carried out in a vineyard under permanent grass cover (PG) or continuous tillage (CT), allowing for the evaluation of its performance in terms of water balance estimation. The model provided results consistent with the measured soil moisture values, and the annual risk of water stress corresponds to what was measured in the field, differing at most by only one class. The model can guide the user in finding the best solutions for designing new vineyards or managing the inter-row by simulating the adoption of different strategies (trellis system, planting density, type of cover crop or soil tillage) or suggesting alternative solutions (needs of irrigation supply, more suitable cultivars, or rootstocks).
Advanced Efficient Feature Selection Integrating Augmented Extreme Learning Machine and Particle Swarm Optimization for Predicting Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield in Corn
Authors: Bontemps Josselin , Ebtehaj Isa , Deslauriers Gabriel , Rousseau Alain N. , Bonakdari Hossein , Dessureault-Rompré Jacynthe
Published: January 2025

Efficient nitrogen management is crucial for improving corn productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. This study evaluates the response of corn to nitrogen fertilization using three key metrics: yield; nitrogen harvest index (NHI); and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE). This experiment was conducted over three years (2021–2023) across 84 sites in Quebec, Canada, with five nitrogen treatments applied post-emergence (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg N/ha) and initial nitrogen applied at seeding (30 to 60 kg/ha). In addition, various soil health indicators, including physical, chemical, and biochemical properties, were monitored to understand their interaction with nitrogen use efficiency. Machine learning techniques, such as augmented extreme learning machine (AELM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were employed to optimize nitrogen recommendations by identifying the most relevant features for predicting yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The results highlight that integrating soil health indicators such as enzyme activities (β-glucosidase [BG] and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase [NAG]) and soil proteins into nitrogen management models improves prediction accuracy, leading to enhanced productivity and environmental sustainability. These findings suggest that advanced data-driven approaches can significantly contribute to more precise and sustainable nitrogen fertilization strategies.
Global Trends in Conservation Agriculture and Climate Change Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Román-Vázquez Julio , Carbonell-Bojollo Rosa M. , Veroz-González Óscar , Maraschi da Silva Piletti Ligia Maria , Márquez-García Francisco , Cabeza-Ramírez L. Javier , González-Sánchez Emilio J.
Published: January 2025

This study provides a bibliometric analysis of global scientific production on Conservation Agriculture (CA) and its relationship with climate change mitigation. Using data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, the research encompassed 650 articles published between 1995 and 2022. The analysis revealed significant growth in the number of publications over the past three decades, driven by increasing global interest in sustainable agricultural practices. The findings highlight key themes, including no-tillage, soil organic carbon, and greenhouse gas emissions. Collaboration networks were mapped, identifying major contributors, such as the USA, Brazil, and China, alongside thematic clusters emphasizing carbon sequestration and soil management. Results indicate that CA research is increasingly focused on its potential to mitigate climate change, particularly through practices like no-tillage, vegetative cover, and crop rotation. While carbon sequestration has been central to CA research, recent studies have expanded to include nitrous oxide and methane emissions, indicating a broadening conceptual framework. This analysis underscores the importance of CA in addressing climate challenges and offers insights into emerging research areas, such as regional adaptations and the long-term effects of no-till systems. The findings aim to guide future research and policy development in sustainable agriculture and climate mitigation.
Impact of Low Inclusion Rate of Olive Cake in Dairy Cow Rations on Uterine Health and Fertility Indices During Early Lactation
Authors: Nanas Ioannis , Giannoulis Themistoklis , Dovolou Eleni , Giannenas Ilias , Amiridis Georgios S.
Published: January 2025

Olive cake was incorporated at a low inclusion rate (3.7%) into the rations of dairy cows through partial substitution of maize, and its effects on milk production, general health, and fertility traits were investigated. Multiparous purebred Holstein dairy cows (n = 148) were divided into two groups: a treated group (n = 86) and a control group (n = 62). The control ration (group C) was modified by replacing 1 kg of maize with an equal quantity of olive cake (group T). The experiment lasted from 60 days prepartum to 150 days postpartum. Electronic aids were utilized to quantify daily milk yield and detect estrus expression, while clinical and uterine examinations were performed weekly. Blood samples, uterine epithelial cells, and endometrial tissue samples were collected from a subgroup of healthy animals in both groups at specific time points. Blood samples were examined to determine the β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), acute phase proteins (haptoglobin [Hpt] and serum amyloid A [SAA]), progesterone, and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins concentrations. Uterine epithelial cells were assessed for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts, and the expression of nine genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and immune system activation was analyzed in uterine biopsy tissue. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between groups in milk yield, general morbidity, clinical endometritis, or conception rates. However, animals in group T came to estrus approximately 6 days earlier (p = 0.013) than those in group C; progesterone concentrations on day 7 of the subsequent cycle tended (p = 0.07) to be higher in group T. On day 21, BHBA concentrations were higher in group C than in group T (p < 0.05). Throughout the experiment, Hpt levels in group T were consistently lower (p < 0.001), while SAA was lower on day 7 compared to group C. From days 21 to 42 postpartum, there was a significant reduction in PMN numbers (group C p = 0.02; group T p < 0.0001), with a tendency for a greater reduction rate in group T (p = 0.08). Among the genes studied, a significant difference was revealed in the expression of the ILA1 gene, with strong correlations of gene expression in group C and weak to moderate correlations in group T. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the inclusion of olive cake into dairy cows’ rations did not affect milk production but improved certain health and fertility parameters, making olive cake a suitable alternative feedstuff for high-producing animals.
Evaluating the Protective Effects of MitoQ and Antifreeze Protein III on Cryopreserved Canine Sperm
Authors: Farshad Abbas , Diel Emilia , Wehrend Axel
Published: January 2025

Cryopreservation can adversely affect sperm motility, structural integrity, and fertilization ability. This study investigated the effects of MitoQ and antifreeze protein III (AFP III) on frozen–thawed semen from eight adult dogs using a Tris–fructose extender. Ejaculates were divided and diluted with a standard Tris–fructose–egg yolk extender containing MitoQ (200 nM/mL) and AFP III (0.75, 1.0, 2.0 µg/mL), individually or combined. Post-thaw, samples were evaluated for motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis indicators, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS-H2O2). The results showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in motility rate, progressive motility, VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, and BCF with MitoQ or AFP alone. AFP III (0.75, 1.0 µg/mL) showed higher values than controls (p > 0.05), while MitoQ alone showed no significant effect. Viability and acrosome integrity improved with AFP III. Membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation were better in 0.75 and 1.0 µg/mL AFP III groups. ROS-H2O2 levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were unaffected except at 1.0 µg/mL AFP III. The phosphatidylserine translocation assay showed no significant differences in dead sperm between controls and individual treatments, but significant differences occurred with combined MitoQ/AFP III. In conclusion, AFP III and MitoQ in diluents protect canine sperm cells from cryodamage.
Effects of Replacing Inorganic Sources of Copper, Manganese, and Zinc with Different Organic Forms on Mineral Status, Immune Biomarkers, and Lameness of Lactating Cows
Authors: Cha Manqian , Ma Xingjun , Liu Yunlong , Xu Shengyang , Diao Qiyu , Tu Yan
Published: January 2025

(Objectives) The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of half-replacement of the supplementary sulfate sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn with methionine-hydroxy-analog-chelated (MHAC) mineral or amino-acid-complexed (AAC) mineral forms in diets on the mineral status, blood immune biomarkers, and lameness of lactating cows. (Methods) Sixty multiparous Holstein cows (158 ± 26 days in milk; body weight: 665 ± 52 kg; milk yield: 32 ± 7 kg/day) were randomly assigned into one of three dietary treatments (n = 20 per group): (1) MHAC: 50% replacement of sulfate minerals with MHAC forms. (2) AAC: 50% replacement of sulfate minerals with AAC forms. (3) S: 100% sulfate minerals (control). Their Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations, blood immune biomarkers, and lameness were measured monthly. Repeated-measure mixed models were used to evaluate the effects on trace mineral status over time. As the responses with the MHAC and AAC forms were similar, the treatments were also analyzed as organic trace minerals (OTMs, combining the MHAC and AAC groups, n = 40) versus inorganic trace minerals (ITMs, the S group, n = 20). (Results) Cows supplemented with OTMs had higher concentrations of Cu and Mn in their serum (p ≤ 0.05), a higher hoof hardness (p ≤ 0.05), and a lower incidence of lameness compared to those with ITMs on d 90. There were no statistical differences (p > 0.10) in the concentrations of IgA, IgG, or ceruloplasmin, but there were significant differences (p = 0.03) in the concentrations of IgM in the serum as fixed effects of the diet treatments during the whole trial. On d 30 and 90, the serum IgA concentrations of the cows supplemented with OTMs tended to be higher (0.05 < p ≤ 0.10) than those in the cows supplemented with ITMs. (Conclusions) The half-replacement strategy showed that the MHAC and AAC sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn additives had similar effects on the production performance, blood immune biomarkers, and lameness of the lactating cows. The long-term replacement strategy with OTMs led to the enhancement of the trace mineral concentrations in their body fluids, blood immune biomarkers, and hoof health.
Complex Probiotics Suppress Inflammation by Regulating Intestinal Metabolites in Kittens
Authors: Zhu Shimin , Zha Musu , Xia Yanan
Published: January 2025

Cats are popular companions for humans, and their health is of importance to a growing number of pet owners. The juvenile period is a critical stage of cat growth; in particular, the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiome of kittens is critical for processing nutrients and supporting overall health. In this study, the effect of complex probiotics on the intestinal health of kittens was explored through a metabolomics analysis. Twenty-four healthy kittens were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 12): the control group was provided a basal diet and the probiotics group was provided the basal diet supplemented with complex probiotics (given at the same time daily). The kittens were acclimatized for 5 days, and the experiment was conducted for 14 days. We collected feces from each kitten on days 1 and 14 for metabolomic analyses. Compared to the control, the probiotics group had significantly higher (p < 0.05) methylmalonylcarnitine, lysyl-hydroxyproline, phenylpropionylglycine, and vitamin K3 levels, and significantly lower (p < 0.05) gamma-glutamyl-L-putrescine, cis-gondoic acid, myristic acid, 12,13-DiHOME, and glycodeoxycholic acid levels. The results of this study suggest that complex probiotics promote intestinal health in kittens by regulating changes in various metabolites in the intestine and may have a mitigating effect on intestinal inflammation.