bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Benefit of the Advanced Disaster Medical Response Course in a Medical School Curriculum
Authors: Aboutanos Michel , Mata Lina , Franzen Douglas , Ivatury Rao , Briggs Susan
Published: June 2013

Introduction and objectives

Despite the continual threat of both natural and man-engineered disasters, disaster response and emergency preparedness have not been formally adopted into medical student curricula. We hypothesized that the Advanced Disaster Medical Response (ADMR) course administered through the Panamerican Trauma Society would be an effective means of educating medical students in the basic tenants of disaster response.

Materials and methods

Fourth year medical students from VCU were enrolled in the ADMR course. The course is composed of didactic lectures and practical scenarios on triage and incident command medical students had no prior exposure to formal emergency preparedness curricula prior at VCU. Students were administered the same 30 question pretest and post-test prior to and upon completion of the course respectively. Pre- and post-test scores were calculated and based on the number of correct answers. The change in test scores were compared using the paired t-test with p < 0.05 defined as significant.

Results

One hundred and fifty-nine students completed the ADMR course. Mean scores for the pre- and post-tests were 17.7 (59%) and 24.3 (81%) respectively. The post-test scores showed significantly improvement from the pre-test scores (p < 0.0001). Medical students demonstrated poor baseline knowledge of chemical agents followed by natural disasters in the pre-test compared with other areas of disaster management.

Conclusion

Formal disaster courses, such as ADMR, can serve as an effective method of educating medical students on disaster response. The introduction of the course in the school curricula along with objective clinical examination would be needed for long-term knowledge retention and application.

How to cite this article

Goldberg S, Aboutanos M, Mata L, Franzen D, Ivatury R, Briggs S. Educational Benefit of the Advanced Disaster Medical Response (ADMR) Course in a Medical School Curriculum. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(1):14-16.
Football Events and Their Association with Interpersonal Violence Deaths
Authors: Sánchez Álvaro I , Krafty Robert T , Puyana Juan Carlos
Published: June 2013

Background

Major sporting events are associated with violence, creating societal and healthcare system burdens. However, these associations have not been objectively evaluated in low- and middle-income countries, where resources for violence prevention and injury control are limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether the days of football events were associated with changes in homicide rates in Cali, Colombia.

Study design

Ecologic study conducted during 2005 to 2008 using a time-series design. Football days were those in which the city's professional teams or the national team played nationally or internationally (279 days). Daily counts of homicides were obtained from the city's fatal injury surveillance system. Homicide rates were computed using population estimates to adjudicate person-years of exposure. In stepwise conditional autoregressive negative binomial regressions adjusted for victims’ demographics, known sociopolitical and cultural factors, weekends, holidays, trends and seasonality, homicide rates during football days were compared against homicide rates during non-football days.

Results

There were 1,352 homicides during football days and 4,767 homicides during non-football days (rate, 82 and 68 per 100,000 person-years respectively, p < 0.001). There was an increased risk of homicides during home game days (IRR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.21, p = 0.022) compared to non-football days. There was an increased risk of homicides during the day after football game (IRR 1.08, 95%CI 1.00-1.16, p = 0.041) compared to other days. The outcome of the games was not statistically significantly associated with increased risk of homicides.

Conclusion

This analysis suggests that football days were associated with increased risk of homicides in Cali, Colombia. Violence prevention and injury control efforts should be increased on days of home games and on the next day after football. The healthcare system should allocate and optimize resources these days, given the increased demand for trauma care. Educational and preventive civic interventions should be instituted around these events.

How to cite this article

Sánchez ÁI, Krafty RT, Puyana JC, Gutiérrez MI. Football Events and Their Association with Interpersonal Violence Deaths. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(1):26-32.
Epidemiologia del Politraumatizado Laboral
Authors: Ruso Luis , Valsangiácomo Pablo , González Fernando , Penco Ernesto Pérez , Vázquez Rodolfo
Published: June 2013

Antecedentes

El politraumatizado laboral (PTL) constituye un problema sanitario creciente, con mas de 50.000 trabajadores afectados al año; su asistencia se realiza en un centro de referencia y por un equipo multidisciplinario; de elevada demanda asistencial, alta complejidad, secuelas, costos e impacto socio/laboral.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las características epidemiológicas del PTL asistido en el Departamento de Cirugía de la CSM-BSE.

Diseño del estudio

Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, registrando todos los pacientes politraumatizados asistidos en la CSM/BSE, periodo enero 2010 - junio 2011. Indices utilizados para la categorización: ISS, RTS y TRISS. Análisis estadístico: SPSS 19, estadísticamente significativo p < 0.05.

Resultados

Se registraron 200 politraumatizados en 25,640 consultas, 93,5% fueron hombres, con edad media de 37 años. Procedencia del interior un 33% y mayor asistencia el día viernes con un 20%.

Los tipos de trauma fueron

colisión vehicular, precipitación y aplastamiento con un 37, 32 y 24,5% respectivamente. El tiempo promedio de traslado prehospitalario fue 2 horas.

El número de traslados interhospitalarios fue de 2 en el 28,5% y de 3 en el 7%.

El mecanismo lesional predominante fue el impacto directo, contragolpe y desaceleración en un 53,5%; tipo contuso en el 96%.

La topografía lesional predominante fue el tórax en 70%, asociación más frecuente: Cráneo-tórax en 28%.

La media de los índices fueron: RTS: 7,22, ISS: 29,5 y TRISS: 16,5, 81% fueron politraumatizados graves.

Se operaron de urgencia 29 pacientes. La media de asistencia fue de 120 días. El 18,5% requirió asistencia en cuidados intensivos con estadía mediana de 10 días. La serie no presentó mortalidad.

Conclusiones

La enfermedad traumática laboral afecta a pacientes jóvenes, del sexo masculino y con lesiones graves. Predomina el mecanismo contuso de compleja cinemática.

La asistencia centralizada, por un equipo entrenado y multidisciplinario son los factores determinantes de los resultados.
Assimilating airborne gas and aerosol measurements into HYSPLIT: a visualization tool for simultaneous assessment of air mass history and back trajectory reliability
Authors: Freitag S. , Clarke A. D. , Howell S. G. , Kapustin V. N. , Campos T. , Brekhovskikh V. L. , Zhou J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Backward trajectories are commonly used to gain knowledge about the history of airborne observations in terms of possible processes along their path as well as feasible source regions. Here, we describe a refined approach that incorporates airborne gas, aerosol, and environmental data into back trajectories and show how this technique allows for simultaneous assessment of air mass history and back trajectory reliability without the need of calculating trajectory errors. We use the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and add a simple semi-automated computing routine to facilitate high-frequency coverage of back trajectories initiated along the flight track every 10 s. We integrate our in-situ physiochemical data by color-coding each of these trajectories with its corresponding in-situ tracer values measured at the back trajectory start points along the flight path. The unique color for each trajectory aids assessment of trajectory reliability through the visual clustering of air mass pathways of similar coloration. Moreover, marked changes in trajectories associated with marked changes evident in measured physiochemical or thermodynamic properties of an air mass add credence to trajectories, particularly when these air mass properties are linked to trajectory features characteristic of recognized sources or processes. This visual clustering of air mass pathways is of particular value for large-scale 3-D flight tracks common to aircraft experiments where air mass features of interest are often spatially distributed and temporally separated. The cluster-visualization tool used here reveals most back trajectories with pollution signatures measured in the Central Equatorial Pacific reach back to sources on the South American continent over 10 000 km away and 12 days back in time, e.g. the Amazonian basin. We also demonstrate the distinctions in air mass properties between these and trajectories that penetrate deep convection in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. Additionally, for the first time we show consistency of modeled HYSPLIT precipitation along back trajectories with scavenging signatures in the aerosol measured for these trajectories.
Assessing remote polarimetric measurements sensitivities to aerosol emissions using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model
Authors: Meland B. S. , Xu X. , Henze D. K. , Wang J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Uncertainties in aerosol sources, microphysical properties, and global distributions undermine efforts to evaluate the radiative impacts of atmospheric aerosols. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using remote polarimetric measurements for constraining aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions in light of these uncertainties. A model that incorporates a radiative transfer model with forward and adjoint chemical transport models has been applied to quantify the sensitivity of the reflectance at the top of atmosphere to aerosol emissions and microphysical properties. A set of simulated satellite observations, one intensity based and one capable of polarimetric measurements, are used to illustrate differences in the assimilation potential between the two. It is found that the sensitivity of the polarized reflectance to aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions tends to be significantly higher than that of the intensity for cases of non-absorbing aerosols. This is true even when the polarimetric sampling scheme is spatially sparser than that of the intensity sampling. This framework allows us to quantify upper limits on the uncertainties in the aerosol microphysical properties for which a 50% change in aerosol emissions is detectable using these simulated observations. It was found that although typical current remote sensing instrumentation provides retrievals of the refractive index and effective radius with accuracies within acceptable limits to detect a 50% change in emissions, retrievals of the effective variance contain uncertainties too large to detect these changes in emissions. These results may guide new applications of polarimetric measurements to constrain aerosol sources, and thus reduce uncertainty in our broader understanding of the impacts of aerosols on climate.
Online determination of levoglucosan in ambient aerosols with Particle-into-Liquid Sampler – High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (PILS–HPAEC–MS)
Authors: Saarnio K. , Teinilä K. , Saarikoski S. , Carbone S. , Gilardoni S. , Timonen H. , Aurela M. , Hillamo R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Biomass burning, such as domestic heating, agricultural, and wild open-land fires, has a significant influence on the atmosphere at the global and, especially, at the local scale. Levoglucosan has been shown to be a good tracer for biomass burning emissions in atmospheric particulate matter and several analytical techniques have been presented for the determination of levoglucosan from filter samples. In this paper, a novel combination of a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (PILS) to a high-performance anion-exchange chromatograph (HPAEC) with the detection by a mass spectrometer (MS) is presented for the online analysis of levoglucosan in ambient particles. The PILS–HPAEC–MS technique enables a fast online analysis of levoglucosan from the particulate samples. The method was tested at an urban background station in Helsinki, Finland, in winter 2011. A comparison with simultaneous levoglucosan measurements from filter samples by the HPAEC–MS was performed and it showed a good agreement between the online and offline methods. Additionally, the online levoglucosan data were compared with the biomass burning tracer fragments measured by a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). As there were no local biomass burning sources close to the measurement station, online levoglucosan measurements revealed that most of the particles from biomass burning were either regionally distributed or long-range transported in the urban background of Helsinki. The average levoglucosan concentrations were relatively low (average 0.083 μg m−3) during the measurement campaign. The highest concentration peak measured for levoglucosan (1.4 μg m−3) seemed to originate from biomass burning in Eastern Europe, likely in Estonia, that was transported to Helsinki.
Sea–air CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean for the period 1990–2009
Authors: Lenton A. , Tilbrook B. , Law R. M. , Bakker D. , Doney S. C. , Gruber N. , Ishii M. , Hoppema M. , Lovenduski N. S. , Matear R. J. , McNeil B. I. , Metzl N. , Mikaloff Fletcher S. E. , Monteiro P. M. S. , Rödenbeck C. , Sweeney C. , Takahashi T.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The Southern Ocean (44–75° S) plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, yet remains one of the most poorly sampled ocean regions. Different approaches have been used to estimate sea–air CO2 fluxes in this region: synthesis of surface ocean observations, ocean biogeochemical models, and atmospheric and ocean inversions. As part of the RECCAP (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) project, we combine these different approaches to quantify and assess the magnitude and variability in Southern Ocean sea–air CO2 fluxes between 1990–2009. Using all models and inversions (26), the integrated median annual sea–air CO2 flux of −0.42 ± 0.07 Pg C yr−1 for the 44–75° S region, is consistent with the −0.27 ± 0.13 Pg C yr−1 calculated using surface observations. The circumpolar region south of 58° S has a small net annual flux (model and inversion median: −0.04 ± 0.07 Pg C yr−1 and observations: +0.04 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1), with most of the net annual flux located in the 44 to 58° S circumpolar band (model and inversion median: −0.36 ± 0.09 Pg C yr−1 and observations: −0.35 ± 0.09 Pg C yr−1). Seasonally, in the 44–58° S region, the median of 5 ocean biogeochemical models captures the observed sea–air CO2 flux seasonal cycle, while the median of 11 atmospheric inversions shows little seasonal change in the net flux. South of 58° S, neither atmospheric inversions nor ocean biogeochemical models reproduce the phase and amplitude of the observed seasonal sea–air CO2 flux, particularly in the Austral Winter. Importantly, no individual atmospheric inversion or ocean biogeochemical model is capable of reproducing both the observed annual mean uptake and the observed seasonal cycle. This raises concerns about projecting future changes in Southern Ocean CO2 fluxes. The median interannual variability from atmospheric inversions and ocean biogeochemical models is substantial in the Southern Ocean; up to 25% of the annual mean flux, with 25% of this interannual variability attributed to the region south of 58° S. Resolving long-term trends is difficult due to the large interannual variability and short time frame (1990–2009) of this study; this is particularly evident from the large spread in trends from inversions and ocean biogeochemical models. Nevertheless, in the period 1990–2009 ocean biogeochemical models do show increasing oceanic uptake consistent with the expected increase of −0.05 Pg C yr−1 decade−1. In contrast, atmospheric inversions suggest little change in the strength of the CO2 sink broadly consistent with the results of Le Quéré et al. (2007).
Potential impact of the 74 ka Toba eruption on the Balkan region, SE Europe
Authors: Wagner B. , Leng M. J. , Wilke T. , Böhm A. , Panagiotopoulos K. , Vogel H. , Lacey J. , Zanchetta G. , Sulpizio R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The 74 ka Toba eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia, is considered to be one of the largest volcanic events during the Quaternary. Tephra from the Toba eruption has been found in many terrestrial and marine sedimentary deposits, and acidity peaks related to the eruption have been used to synchronize ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica. Seismic profiles from Lake Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, SE Europe, indicate a lake level lowstand, which is confirmed by the occurrence of an exceptional bivalve shell layer of Dreissena sp. in the sediment record, the isotope composition of the shells, as well as pollen data. ESR dating and extrapolation of the tephra and radiocarbon chronologies indicate that this lowstand occurred at 73.6 ± 7.7 ka. Our data, showing a short term shift to aridity superimposed on the general cooling trend at the end of MIS 5 and coupled with the chronological correspondence to the Toba eruption imply a distinct impact of the Toba eruption on environmental conditions in the northern Mediterranean region. The recovery from this dramatic environmental condition, in turn, may have triggered spatial expansion events in one of the lake's most abundant benthic species, the carino mussel Dreissena presbensis.
An assessment of land use change impacts on the water resources of the Mula and Mutha Rivers catchment upstream of Pune, India
Authors: Wagner P. D. , Kumar S. , Schneider K.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Land use changes are altering the hydrologic system and have potentially large impacts on water resources. Rapid socio-economic development drives land use change. This is particularly true in the case of the rapidly developing city of Pune, India. The present study aims at analyzing past land use changes between 1989 and 2009 and their impacts on the water balance in the Mula and Mutha Rivers catchment upstream of Pune. Land use changes were identified from three Rivers catchment multitemporal land use classifications for the cropping years 1989/1990, 2000/2001, and 2009/2010. The hydrologic model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to assess impacts on runoff and evapotranspiration. Two model runs were performed and compared using the land use classifications of 1989/1990 and 2009/2010. The main land use changes were identified as an increase of urban area from 5.1% to 10.1% and cropland from 9.7% to 13.5% of the catchment area during the 20 yr period. Urbanization was mainly observed in the eastern part and conversion to cropland in the mid-northern part of the catchment. At the catchment scale we found that the impacts of these land use changes on the water balance cancel each other out. However, at the sub-basin scale urbanization led to an increase of the water yield by up to 7.6%, and a similar decrease of evapotranspiration, whereas the increase of cropland resulted in an increase of evapotranspiration by up to 5.9%.
Analyzing streamflow changes: irrigation-enhanced interaction between aquifer and streamflow in the Republican River Basin
Authors: Zeng R. , Cai X.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Groundwater-fed irrigation has altered surface and groundwater interactions, calling for conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater resources in many areas, including the Republican River Basin (RRB) in Midwest of the US, where agriculture heavily depends on irrigation. The decreasing flow trend recorded at the RRB gauging stations since 1950s reflects the synthetical effect of dynamic interactions between surface water and groundwater systems, which has been enhanced by groundwater pumping and irrigation return flow. This study uses a systematic modeling approach to analyze the conjunctive effects of pumping and return flow on streamflow. A watershed management model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), is modified and established for the Frenchman Creek Basin (FCB), a sub-basin of RRB, to examine the causes of streamflow changes. The baseflow component in SWAT is linked to aquifer storage so that the model can simulate the combined effect of groundwater pumping and irrigation return flow on natural streamflow. Results show that irrigation has not only depleted streamflow but also changed the flow pattern and seasonal variability. The changes can be decomposed into decrease in the slow component (baseflow) and increase in the fast components (surface and subsurface flow). Since the fast components are subject to higher variability than the slow component, the annual streamflow variability is amplified. Agricultural water use in this region also has changed the groundwater storage seasonal regime from the pattern of "summer-recharge and winter-discharge" in the past to "summer-discharge and winter-recharge" at present. This challenges the existing groundwater modelling which usually assumes fixed recharge pattern and rates.
Coupled atmosphere ocean climate model simulations in the Mediterranean region: effect of a high-resolution marine model on cyclones and precipitation
Authors: Sanna A. , Lionello P. , Gualdi S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In this study we investigate the importance of an eddy-permitting Mediterranean Sea circulation model on the simulation of atmospheric cyclones and precipitation in a climate model. This is done by analyzing results of two fully coupled GCM (general circulation models) simulations, differing only for the presence/absence of an interactive marine module, at very high-resolution (~ 1/16°), for the simulation of the 3-D circulation of the Mediterranean Sea. Cyclones are tracked by applying an objective Lagrangian algorithm to the MSLP (mean sea level pressure) field. On annual basis, we find a statistically significant difference in vast cyclogenesis regions (northern Adriatic, Sirte Gulf, Aegean Sea and southern Turkey) and in lifetime, giving evidence of the effect of both land–sea contrast and surface heat flux intensity and spatial distribution on cyclone characteristics. Moreover, annual mean convective precipitation changes significantly in the two model climatologies as a consequence of differences in both air–sea interaction strength and frequency of cyclogenesis in the two analyzed simulations.
Effectiveness of modified pushover analysis procedure for the estimation of seismic demands of buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions having fling step
Authors: Mortezaei A. , Ronagh H. R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Near-fault ground motions with long-period pulses have been identified as being critical in the design of structures. These motions, which have caused severe damage in recent disastrous earthquakes, are characterized by a short-duration impulsive motion that transmits large amounts of energy into the structures at the beginning of the earthquake. In nearly all of the past near-fault earthquakes, significant higher mode contributions have been evident in building structures near the fault rupture, resulting in the migration of dynamic demands (i.e. drifts) from the lower to the upper stories. Due to this, the static nonlinear pushover analysis (which utilizes a load pattern proportional to the shape of the fundamental mode of vibration) may not produce accurate results when used in the analysis of structures subjected to near-fault ground motions. The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy of the pushover method in these situations by introducing a new load pattern into the common pushover procedure. Several pushover analyses are performed for six existing reinforced concrete buildings that possess a variety of natural periods. Then, a comparison is made between the pushover analyses' results (with four new load patterns) and those of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)-356 with reference to nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. The comparison shows that, generally, the proposed pushover method yields better results than all FEMA-356 pushover analysis procedures for all investigated response quantities and is a closer match to the nonlinear time-history responses. In general, the method is able to reproduce the essential response features providing a reasonable measure of the likely contribution of higher modes in all phases of the response.
Economic Values of Agritourism to Visitors: A Multi-Destination Hurdle Travel Cost Model of Demand
Authors: Hill Rebecca , Loomis John , Thilmany Dawn , Sullins Martha
Published: June 2013

Farm-based recreation, or agritourism, is growing in the USA, raising new interest in the potential benefits for consumers/travellers and communities. This study utilizes a hurdle travel cost model to investigate the demand for and economic benefits of agritourism. The analysis includes an estimation of consumer surplus as one means to estimate the market size for this sector. The standard travel cost model assumes a single-purpose recreational trip; but, as is the case with a number of categories of tourism, this assumption may not hold for all agritourism outings as travellers often visit other destinations. This paper analyses and compares four different models, each using different methods to distinguish between multiple-destination and primary-purpose trips. The findings reveal that consumer surplus ranges from $93 to $164 per person per trip for primary purpose travellers. Implications for accurately estimating the market size of agritourism, as well as a broader set of recreational sectors, are discussed.
The Development of Unconventional Extrathymic Activated CD4+CD8+T Cells in Chagas Disease
Authors: Morrot Alexandre
Published: June 2013

The numbers of extrathymic CD4+CD8+double-positive (DP) T cells are augmented in various pathophysiological conditions, such as infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens, organs subjected to autoimmune attack and malignant tumors. The roles performed by extrathymic DP T cells are not clear, and it is not known how they are distributed in the body. In animals they have been considered memory cells involved in adaptive immune responses against virus infections or participating in pathological responses. In experimentalTrypanosoma cruziinfections, there is a severe thymic atrophy and this results in the release of activated DP T cells to peripheral organs. In severe cardiac forms of human chronic Chagas disease activated HLA-DR+DP T cells are present in the blood. In investigating the basis of premature thymocyte release during chagasic thymic atrophy we found that the parasitetrans-sialidase (TS) altered intrathymic thymocyte maturation and was associated with increased numbers of recent T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. In what follows we propose to describe what is known about the origin of the extrathymic DP T cells in human Chagas disease and animal models of the disease.
Conrad Hilton, Be My Guest and American Popular Culture
Authors: Fick Annabella
Published: June 2013

Hotels are popular settings in European and American literature. They fire readers’ imagination and many of them have a personal relationship to hotels. These institutions are not only alive in the realm of literature but are real existing buildings which have become fixed parts of modern society. Conrad Hilton (1887–1979), founder of the international hotel chain of the same name, was very aware of the glamorous aspects of his field of profession and published his experiences in the autobiography Be My Guest (1957).One copy of the book was placed in each room of the Hilton chain. Due to this Hilton was reaching an enormous audience which inspired other writers to fictionalize Hilton and turn him into a character in their own books. In this paper I will show how Conrad Hilton achieved world-wide fame, partly with the help of his life account. Furthermore, the methods will be explained that he used to present himself as a prototypical American of the Cold War era. I will then focus on two fictional texts, Arthur Hailey’s novel Hotel (1965) and the TV-show Mad Men (2007) by Matthew Weiner, which both incorporated Hilton as a character, yet in very different ways. The aim of this article is to show the potential of celebrity autobbiographies to inspire other cultural creations and how authors react very differently to these texts according to their own socio-historical background.
Structure of nectaries of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.
Authors: Konarska Agata
Published: June 2013

The structure of floral nectary of Malus sylvestris was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nectaries in M. sylvestris flowers were situated on the adaxial surface of the receptacle, between the style and the base of filaments. The middle part of the nectary was covered epidermal cells with striated cuticle. The remaining part of the nectary was covered with smooth cuticle. Open and modified nectarostomata were situated at the same level as epidermal cells. The nectariferous tissue was formed by densely packed small parenchyma cells (secretory cells) with dark protoplasts.
Immunolocalization of lipoxygenase in the microspore of Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw.
Authors: Szczuka Ewa , Pawlikowska-Pawlęga Bożena , Skórzyńska-Polit Ewa , Sobieska Jolanta , Pawelec Jarosław , Piersiak Tomasz
Published: June 2013

Localization of lipoxygenase (LOX) in the microspore of Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw. was investigated with the immunogold labelling method. The enzyme was found in the cytoplasm, nucleus and sporoderm. The most intensive reaction was observed in the cytoplasm, where the immunogold particles were sometimes grouped into clusters of several or more and showed the highest density. The smallest amount of particles occured in the sporoderm. The role of lipoxygenase in the microspore is discussed.
Pollen efficiency and insect visitation of Malope trifida Cav. flowers
Authors: Wróblewska Anna
Published: June 2013

During the 1998-2001 vegetation seasons, the investigations on pollen efficiency and insect visitation of Malope trifida flowers were carried out. The flowering period of Malope lasted, in the climatic conditions of Lublin, from the middle of July till late September. One flower blooms for 2.5-5.0 days, whereas the staminate phase lasts 1.5-2.0 days. In one flower, there are 125.3-148.1 stamens, which constitute staminal tube surrounding the multilocular pistil. Pollen release starts in the flower bud stage, just before petal opening. Pollen grains are large and round with spiked exine. The diameter of pollen grains reaches on average 80.37 µm (78.33-82.41 µm). The mean pollen efficiency reached 16.81 mg per one flower, 4.09 g per one plant and 30.69 per 1 m2. Under good weather conditions, Malope flowers were freely visited by pollinating insects, such as: honeybees, solitary bees and bumblebees. The number of insects increased from morning till noon, reaching 18 per 1 m2 at 12:00. Then, the number of pollinators decreased. The most abundant group was solitary bees.
The share of nectariferous and polleniferous taxons in chosen patches of thermophilous grasslands of the Lublin Upland
Authors: Wrzesień Małgorzata , Denisow Bożena
Published: June 2013

The estimation of participation and density of forage species in several xerothermic communities of the Lublin Upland were carried out in 2004 and 2005. Most plants species visited by bees are grouped in plots of the Brachypodio-Teucrietum and the Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati communities. The nectariferous and polleniferous taxons are mostly perennials predominated by hemicryptophytes (79%), others are terophytes and geophytes (21%). Successive blooming of the nectariferous and polleniferous species in both associations ensures unbroken food flow from the early spring until the late summer and early autumn. Xerothermic swards make a valuable food potential to be important for the Apoidea before and after blooming of the main forage cultivated crops.
The influence of light and the place of its perception on the flowering of Pharbitis nil.
Authors: Nocny Magdalena , Trejgell Alina , Tretyn Andrzej
Published: June 2013

The estimation of participation and density of forage species in several xerothermic communities of the Lublin Upland were carried out in 2004 and 2005. Most plants species visited by bees are grouped in plots of the Brachypodio-Teucrietum and the Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati communities. The nectariferous and polleniferous taxons are mostly perennials predominated by hemicryptophytes (79%), others are terophytes and geophytes (21%). Successive blooming of the nectariferous and polleniferous species in both associations ensures unbroken food flow from the early spring until the late summer and early autumn. Xerothermic swards make a valuable food potential to be important for the Apoidea before and after blooming of the main forage cultivated crops.
The pollen spectrum of honeys of Lipnik Gmina (Świętokrzyskie Province)
Authors: Stawiarz Ernest
Published: June 2013

During 2003 and 2004 apicultural seasons, 25 samples of honeys were collected in 10 localities of Lipnik (świętokrzyskie Province) countryside. Pollen analysis was made according to the requirements of the International Commission for Bee Botany IUSB (Louveaux et al., 1978). There were identified pollen of 85 taxa in the examined samples of honeys: pollen of 62 nectariferous and 23 non-nectariferous plants. Participation of non-nectariferous plant pollen in particular samples ranged between 0.3 and 28.4%. Among the nectariferous plant pollen, the highest pollen frequency (above 50%) have been stated for Brassicaceae (with Brassica napus), Prunus type, Trifolium repens, Anthriscus type, Salix, Aesculus, Rubus type, Tilia, Taraxacum type, Galeopsis and Heracleum type, among non-nectariferous plans: Poaceae, Papaver and Fragaria. On average, a particular honey contained 16 pollen types of nectariferous plants (range 7-26) and 7 of non-nectariferous (range 1-13). Among the examined samples, there were 11 specific honeys: 7 compatible with the Polish Standard - 4 samples of Brassica napus honeys, 2 Robinia pseudacacia, 1 Tilia, and 4 samples of honeys out of his this standard. There were 3 Galeopsis honeys and 1 honey from Phacelia. The remaining 14 samples were classified as multifloral honeys compatible with the Polish Standard. The woods and scrubs as well as meadows and pastures supplied main sources of honeybee flow in the examined area.
Allergenic activity of honey
Authors: Kędzia Bogdan , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: June 2013

An allergy to honey is a rare symptom. It usually occurs when people are allergic to food components, pollen and bee venom. Most often an allergy to honey is manifested by disturbances of skin and digestive system. Anaphylaxis is seldom, pollen proteins are more often the cause of an allergy to honey than honeybee ones. In particular cases an allergy can be caused by moulds, yeasts and secretion of sapsucking insects. An allergy to honey is often caused by pollen of floral plants from Compositae family (e.g.: sunflower, mugwort, marguerite, dandelion, golden rod, ragweed). It is caused more rarely by grass pollen (timothy) and trees (birch, hazel, olive). The cross allergy between two kinds of pollen of the same family (dandelion and sunflower) and between pollen of different families (sunflower and celery) is well-known. On this basis one can consider that the allergy to one monofloral honey can cause the allergy to other monoflower ones.
Daily distribution of pollen collection by honeybee foragers (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Klepacz-Baniak Joanna , Czekońska Krystyna
Published: June 2013

In May, July and September pollen loads samples were collected from 20 honeybee colonies, during 4 days at fixed hours. The pollen loads were classified into botanical taxons. Pollen loads of every examined taxon were collected during the whole day. The daily dynamics of pollen collection depends more on time of the day than temperature.
Diurnal activity of the key pollinators of Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Zych Marcin
Published: June 2013

Although umbels of common hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) are visited by numerous insect species, only about 2-3 taxa pollinate its flowers. This paper presents two-seasonal observations of diurnal activity of the major insect visitors to inflorescences of H. sphondylium and its key pollinators. The results obtained for two H. sphondylium subspecies occurring naturally in Poland show that insect activity is the highest in the first part of the day and decreases towards the evening. This is mainly implicated by the behavior of dipterans, which intensively feed on hogweed flowers. Other insect orders (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera), but also the dipteran key pollinators (Eriozona syrphoides and Lucilia spp.) do not express any statistically significant preferences for any part of the day.
Comparison of pollen concentration of selected tree taxa in Lublin and in the Roztocze region (SE Poland). The results of three monitoring methods
Authors: Pidek Irena A. , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Piotrowska Krystyna
Published: June 2013

Anemophilous trees of Betula and Alnus genera produce very high amount of easily spreading pollen. Carpinus and i discharge lower amount of pollen to the atmosphere. Trees belonging to the mentioned genera occur in vegetation cover of Lublin and the Roztocze region where the comparative studies were carried out in the years 1998-2004. The objective of these studies was to determine pollen concentration of four tree taxa in these study areas located 120 km apart. Annual pollen sums, obtained by means of three methods, were compared in order to find similarity of alternating high and low pollen production by trees in particular years. In the Roztocze region the studies were continued during the mentioned seven years as a part of Pollen Monitoring Programme, which provides multi-annual data for the palaeoecological reconstructions of Quaternary and the interpretations of phenologic-climatic nature. Standard Tauber traps were used in the Roztocze area. In Lublin the gravimetric method was used in the years 1999-2000, and the volumetric method - in the years 2001- 2004. Similar trends were found in Lublin and in the Roztocze region as to the concentrations in the air of pollen of the mentioned four taxa in particular years of the research period. Betula and Alnus discharged the greatest amount of pollen. In 1999 the great similarity of annual pollen sums of three taxa was recorded by means of the gravimetric method in all measurement points. Fagus was an exception, as its pollen concentration was much higher in the Roztocze region than in Lublin. In the case of Carpinus the enhanced pollen concentration was recorded in both study areas in 2002, and the highest concentration of Fagus occurred in 2003. During several years of studies we recorded great similarity of the obtained results in two study areas far apart.
Influence of kind of trees on flowering and yielding of sour cherry cultivar Łutówka
Authors: Wociór Stanisław , Kaca Marcin
Published: June 2013

In no examined years of the studies were found no significant differences of flowering intensity between the ownoroots trees of the cultivar Łutówka and trees budded on Prunus mahaleb. The kind of trees clearly, but not significantly, affected fruit mass. The growth of the ownroot "in vitro" trees were significantly less than the trees budded on Prunus mahaleb seedling. Fruit set and yielding of the own root trees were higher, but only in one year of study significantly higher.
Influence of rootstocks on flowering and yielding of three apple cultivars
Authors: Wociór Stanisław , Baryła Piotr , Kapłan Magdalena , Palonka Salwina , Wójcik Irena
Published: June 2013

During seven years of study, only in 2001 year cv. Jonagold had significantly more flowers on the trees budded on M.9 rootstock than on M.26, and cv. Red Boskoop flowering was significantly stronger on M.26 than on M.9. During all period of observation, rootstocks did not influence significantly the flowering intensity of cv. Gloster. In orchard with hight density of trees (2460 szt. × ha-1), the first symptoms of irregularity of flowering were observed in the 8th year (1998) after plented. In 2002 year all trees in the experimental orchard did not flowered. In our condition the bevstyielding observed for diploidal cultivar Gloster.
Influence of terms sowing and methods cultivation on the mas inflorences and seeds of two form moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)
Authors: Wolski Tadeusz , Kwiatkowski Stanisław , Dyduch Jan , Najda Agnieszka
Published: June 2013

Acquaintance of dependence among time - limit of sowing anfd with manner of tillage and with beginning of blooming and with recent mass of inflorescence and also of seeds has essential meaning both for economies in apiary, efficiencies of crop of seeds, which can be raw material that time - limit of sowing how and manner of tillage have influence on recent mass of inflorescence how and of seeds investigated od from dragonhead. One ascertained, that plants from fifth time - limit of sowing former unripe. One showed also, that both recent mass of inflorence how and of seeds independently from time - limit of sowing and of manner of tillage depends from circumstances climatically and former different in investigated years.
The content and the composition of ginsenosides in different parts of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.)
Authors: Ludwiczuk Agnieszka , Kołodziej Barbara , Wolski Tadeusz
Published: June 2013

Percentage of ginsenosides in roots of American ginseng is ranged from 6.5 to 12.5%. 4-year-old roots are characterized by the highest content of ginsenosides. The highest amount of ginsenosides was found in ginseng leaves (24.8 - 37.5%). Stems and fruits of Panax quinquefolium are characterized by much lower content of saponins. Maximum level of ginsenosides, in case of leaves, stems and fruits, was observed in 4-year-old organs. The results show, that Polish ginseng for medicinal uses should be harvested from fourth year of plant vegetation. Qualitative TLC analysis showed presence of the same ginsenosides in the same ginseng organs in different age of plants. In ginseng rots were identified 6 compounds: Rb1, Re, Rc, Rd, Rg1 and Rg2, in leaves 7: Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rd, Rg1 and Rg2; in stems 6 ginsenosides: Rb1, Rc, Re, Rd, Rg1 and Rg2, instead in fruits 5 compounds: Rb2, Re, Rd, Rg1 and Rg2.
Pollen calendar of Lublin, 1995-2000
Authors: Piotrowska Krystyna
Published: June 2013

The measurements of pollen fall were carried out in Lublin in 1995 - 2000 years by the gravimetric method. The modified Durham sampler was applied, located at 9 m above ground level. On the base of results 6 year observations - the pollen calendar for Lublin was prepared. The following 15 plant taxa were taken under consideration: Alnus, Corylus, Cupressaceae, Populus, Fraxinus, Betula, Quercus, Pinaceae, Poaceae, Rumex, Plantago, Urtica, Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia and Ambrosia. The anemophilous plants' pollen season in Lublin began in half of February and lasted till half of September. First appeared pollen grains of decidous tress' and shrubs, then the coniferous. High values of pollen fall of these plants were noted till the end of May. Start of grass pollen season was recorded from the half of May, and at the latter part of this month, also other herbaceous plants. The highest concentrations of pollen were found in April and May when trees and shrubs pollinated. The highest annual totals were marked for plants of the following taxa: Betula, Poaceae, Pinaceae, Alnus, Urtica.
Localization of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium root tissues
Authors: Ludwiczuk Agnieszka , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Wolski Tadeusz
Published: June 2013

We carried out histochemical studies to find the localization of ginsenosides in roots of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in Poland. We performed an anatomical study on the structure and localization of secretory canals on the cross section of 4-year-old American ginseng roots. We observed the occurrence of large secretory canals, mainly in the middle part of the secondary cortex and less in the phloem layer. In our studies, moreover, we demonstrated the production of secretory canals within the periderm layer. After the anatomical study, the 4-year-old ginseng root was divided into periderm, cortex and xylem, and the ginsenosides were extracted from each part of the root. The TLC separation of ginsenosides was performed on silica gel Si60 glass plates with chloroform-methanol-ethyl acetate-water-hexane, 20+22+60+8+4 (v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis of ginsenosides was performed by using the TLC-densitometric method. Concerning the distribution of ginsenosides in the different anatomical parts of the root of Panax quinquefolium, they were contained in the periderm layer at the highest level.
Anatomy and ultrastructure of floral nectaries of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Asphodelaceae)
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Sawidis Thomas , Piotrowska Krystyna
Published: June 2013

The structure of septal nectaries in Asphodelus aestivus flowers was investigated by using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (EM). It was found that the outlets of the three parts of the nectary were situated on the ovary surface at 2/3 of its height and had the shape of elongated openings. The nectariferous tissue was in the septa of the lower part of the ovary. The secretory tissue cells formed 1-3 layers surrounding the nectary slits. They contained thin cell walls with the cuticle layer from the slit side, large cell nuclei, numerous mitochondria and plastids characterised by various shapes. In plastids, small starch grains occurred sporadically. At the beginning of anthesis, the cells were poorly vacuolized. ER cisternae and secretory vesicles were located near the outer cell wall. Fibrous substance was present in the nectary slits. In the subglandular tissue, numerous starch grains occurred at the beginning of anthesis. In this zone, cells containing raphides and xylem elements were observed. Based on the ultrastructure of the nectary it can be stated that granulocrine nectar secretion occurs in A. aestivus.
Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in Pelargonium leaves due to aphid (Acyrthosiphon pelargonii (Kalt.) infestation
Authors: Ślusarczyk Joanna
Published: June 2013

Infestation of aphid Acyrthosiphon pelargonii (Kalt.) caused increased deposition of phenolic compounds in the leaves of Pelargonium sp. Most deposits were located in the vacuole and in the area between the plasma membrane and cell wall, as well as some in the intercellular spaces. In cytoplasm damages were observed involving tonoplast and numerous vesicle deposits in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum and myelin structures increased in number, as well as mitochondria whose cristae were longer and larger. Thus, we observed both the increase of organelle activity in such cells and the segregation of damaged areas in the form of membrane degradation.
Generative reproduction efficiency and the population age structure of Rumex confertus Willd.
Authors: Stosik Tomasz
Published: June 2013

Rumex confertus is one of the alien species vigorously entering native meadow as well as ruderal communities in major river valleys. In about a hundred years the species invaded almost the whole territory of Poland. Many reports stating that Russian Dock may reach high coverage in various phytocoenoses contradict those of its low generative reproduction efficiency. In communities where it most frequently occurs, germination is hindered by the lack of empty spaces. In such conditions the population size remains stable due to vegetative reproduction. Only hay-growing meadows seem to promote the influx of new genets into population, which is likely associated with vegetation cover removal and periodic reduction of competition from other species.