bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Nanoparticle Exposure in a Calcium Carbonate Manufacturing Workshop with Six Control Banding Tools
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Chen Rui , Zhou Xingfan , Jin Shubin , Zhang Yuanbao , Xu Zhizhen , Guo Ling , Tang Shichuan
Published: November 2019

With wide production and use, nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) has attracted much more concerns due to its potential inhalation toxicity in the occupational setting. It is of great significance to protect exposure workers by scientifically measuring the concentration
of aerosol nano-CaCO3 particles, evaluating the risk levels at the production sites and accordingly providing suggestions of improvement. In this study, the aerosol particle concentrations of six operating procedures in a nano-CaCO3 production workshop were determined,
including digesting, carbonization, modification, pressure filtration, drying and packaging. The relevant occupational exposure risk was assessed by six control banding (CB) tools, CB Nanotool, Stoffenmanager Nano, Nanosafer, the Guidance on Working Safely with Nanomaterials and Nanoproducts
(GWSNN), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety method (ANSES) and Precautionary Matrix for Synthetic Nanomaterials (Precautionary Matrix). It was found that there are quite high concentrations of airborne nanoparticles released from the nano-CaCO3
production procedures in this workshop. Most aerosol particles were agglomerated with the sizes of primary particles about 100 nm. The number concentration of aerosol particles at packaging site is 407000 particles/cm3 in size range of 0.02–1.0 μm, which is 10 times
higher than the aerosol particle concentration at the digestion site. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between the metrics of number and surface area concentrations detected in this workshop. The risk assessment results indicate that this workshop has medium or high exposure
risks of the occupational nanoparticle exposure. Detailed engineering control or personal occupational protection should be implemented to protect the occupational health in this workshop. Similar and comparable judgment results were obtained, although the input parameters for six risk assessment
CB tools are different. It was found that Stoffenmanager nano and Nanosafer are more suitable for the risk assessment of this workshop comparing to the other four tools. It is recommended a wide applications of risk assessment tools to various nanotechnology related occupational settings for
controlling the occupational health risks.
Study on the Method of Isolating the Aptamer from the Surface of HepG2 Cells
Authors: Guo Zhukang , Wang Chao , Li Song , Chen Zhu , Deng Yan , He Nongyue
Published: November 2019

The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver. It is a common malignant tumor in clinic. The main reason for its high mortality is its early latency. Therefore, how to accurately determine and test the hepatocellular carcinoma in the early stage has
a very positive significance for the treatment. It is an important method for the early diagnosis of the hepatocellular carcinoma to use aptamers specifically binding to hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which has good application prospects. In order to improve the efficiency of aptamer selection
of tumor cells, our group designed and developed an automated instrument for the aptamer selection. In this paper, the method to separate bound aptamers from the surface of HepG2 cells in automated selection process was studied, and the feasibility of separating binding aptamers from the HepG2
cell surface using ultrapure water and the effect of different temperature environments on its isolation were discussed. Results of the real-time fluorescent PCR and flow cytometry showed that ultrapure water could be used to isolate bound HepG2 cells and aptamers, and the concentration of
the aptamers increased with the rise of the temperature between 25 and 80 degrees Celsius. This result will contribute to the improvement on the efficiency of automated selections for aptamers corresponding to HepG2 cells.
Electrical and Optical Characteristics of Two-Dimensional MoS2 Film Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kim Donghwan , Jo Yonghee , Jung Dae Hyun , Lee Jae Suk , Kim TaeWan
Published: November 2019

Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films were synthesized on a SiO2/Si substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal the double-atomic-layer
structure and the surface element composition of the MOCVD-grown MoS2 films. The photoluminescence measurement demonstrates a strong emission peak with a bandgap of 685.1 nm, attributed to highly efficient radiative transition at the double atomic layer. The contact resistance between
the doubleatomic-layer MoS2 film and metal electrode was measured using the transmission-line modeling method. A Ti/Au electrode forms an ohmic contact with the double-atomic-layer MOCVD-grown MoS2 film, exhibiting a resistivity of 100 kΩ. The field-effect transistor
based on the double-atomiclayer MoS2 film exhibits an electron mobility of 1.3×10−4 cm2/V·s and an on/off ratio of 6.5×102 at room temperature.
Charge Transport Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Colloidal PbSe Quantum Dots in Poly(2-methoxy,5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-P-Phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) Matrix
Authors: Mehra Sonali , Kumar Umesh , Mehta Aarti , Srivastava A. K. , Chand Suresh , Sharma Shailesh Narain
Published: November 2019

The synthesis of PbSe nanoparticles were carried out by colloidal route using lead acetate as starting material with Oleic acid/TOP as capping agents at the optimized growth temperature. The phase and surface analysis of oleic acid/TOP capped PbSe nanocrystallites were studied in detail
in this article. Current-voltage characteristics of pristine and lead selenide quantum dots (PbSe QDs) incorporated in poly(2-methoxy,5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) thin films have been studied at different temperatures (306–125 K) in hole only device configuration,
i.e., ITO/poly(ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulphonate (PEDOT:PSS)/MEH-PPV/Au and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV:PbSe/Au. It has been found that the presence of PbSe QDs in MEH-PPV results in the modulation of the charge transport mechanism from dual conduction mechanism, i.e., trap and mobility
model to only trap model. It signifies that the traps are becoming shallower due to reduction in trap density from 2×1017 to 1.2×1017 cm−3 as well as trap energy reduces from 74 meV to 62 meV on the incorporation of PbSe QDs.
Comparison of Structural, Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of Vacuum Evaporated SnTe Films of Varied Thickness
Authors: Tanwar Praveen , Panwar A. K. , Singh Sukhvir , Srivastava A. K.
Published: November 2019

As a key type of promising thermoelectric (TE) material p-type Tin Telluride (SnTe) vacuum evaporated thin films synthesized at room temperature (RT) on a glass substrate, report a significant enhancement in the figure of merit (ZT) value. The thicknesses of the nanostructured
thin films were kept about 145 nm and 275 nm. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) outlines the polycrystalline nature in both thin films. Surface morphology of these films is composed of grains of variable sizes as elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This observation is
further confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) wherein the average roughness, surface skewness, and surface kurtosis parameters are used to analyze the surface morphology. Local microstructural features and crystalline structure have been confirmed from High-resolution transmission electron
microscope (HRTEM) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, respectively. Four probes method was used to determine electrical measurements which confirm that the thin films have semi-metallic nature. Thermoelectric measurements carried out on these films resulted that the
figure of merit increases as the thickness of the film increases. The maximum ZT value of ˜1.02 is obtained at room temperature for the thin film of thickness 275 nm.
Sputtered Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Buffer Layer for Kesterite and Chalcogenide Thin Film Solar Cell (TFSC) Applications
Authors: Nadarajah Muhunthan , Gour Kuldeep Singh , Singh Vidya Nand
Published: November 2019

In this study, we present a process to deposit cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film on glass substrate using in-house made CdS sputter target deposited by RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering. The bandgap of CdS film was about 2.4 eV estimated using tauc plot. Structural analysis was
done using XRD and highest peak is at (101) and two other small peaks at (100) and (110) confirm CdS phase. Raman analysis was done for further confirmation of phases present in CdS film where peaks at 299.97 cm−1 and 599.8 cm−1 showed phase pure CdS film.
The sputtering method used for CdS thin film preparation is an industrially viable technique and can be used for in line mass production.
Developments in Colloidal Synthesis of Cu2-xS (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Nanocrystals—An Overview
Authors: Soosaimanickam Ananthakumar , Sridharan Moorthy Babu
Published: November 2019

Colloidal synthesis of Cu2-xS (x = 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanocrystals (NCs) has been developed in recent years as broad context and its applications for energy harvesting is widely analyzed. Exciting properties of Cu2-xS NCs such as cation
exchange, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in near infra-red (NIR) region are well manipulated by altering the stoichiometry through facile colloidal method. Due to their size, shape, phase tunability and self-assembly nature, synthesis of Cu2-xS NCs through colloidal
medium has many advantages. Desired phase with desired composition can be achieved through facile tuning of solvent atmosphere and physical parameters of the synthesis conditions. In this regard, the present review summarizes recent achievements made in the colloidal synthesis of Cu2-xS
NCs. Their structural and phase transformation in presence of different solvents and reaction conditions have been reviewed. The crucial role of phosphine-free solvents in synthesizing various phases, morphology of Cu2-xS NCs has been discussed. Applications of these Cu2-xS
NCs for solar energy harvesting in third generation solar cells have also been reviewed.
Versatile CMOS Current Conveyor for Digital VLSI Systems with Low-Voltage Power Supply
Authors: García José C. , Montiel-Nelson Juan A. , Nooshabadi Saeid
Published: November 2019

A low voltage supply CMOS current conveyor circuit for digital input signals from 0.25 V up to 1.2 V is presented. The circuit is optimized and pre-layout simulated in a 65 nm CMOS process technology. At the target design voltage of 1.2 V, the current conveyor has a propagation delay
of 2.86 ns, an energy consumption of only 80.9 pJ, and energy-delay product (EDP) of 231 pJns for resistive load of 10 kΩ. Superior performance of this work is demonstrated through comparison with other similar published work at a frequency of 5 MHz. It is shown that the proposed circuit
is suitable for digital signaling. The developed CMOS circuit perfoms correctly until 50 MHz and its EDP is 31 pJns at 10 kΩ.
Predictability of Extratropical Upper-Tropospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere by Its Main Modes of Variability
Authors: Osman Marisol , Vera Carolina S.
Published: November 2019

The predictability and forecast skill of the models participating in the Climate Historical Forecast Project (CHFP) database is assessed through evaluating the representation of the upper-tropospheric extratropical circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in winter and summer and its main modes of variability. In summer, the predictability of 200-hPa geopotential height anomalies mainly comes from the ability of the multimodel ensemble mean (MMEM) to forecast the first three modes of interannual variability with high fidelity. The MMEM can reproduce not only the spatial patterns of these modes but also their temporal evolution. On the other hand, in JJA only the second and fourth modes of variability are predictable by the MMEM. These seasonal differences in the performance of the MMEM seem to be related to the role that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have in influencing the variability of each mode. Accordingly, modes that are strongly linked to tropical SST anomalies are better forecast by the MMEM and show less spread among models. The analysis of both 2-m temperature and precipitation anomalies in the SH associated with the predictable modes reveals that DJF predictable modes are accompanied by significant temperature anomalies. In particular, temperatures at polar (tropical) latitudes are significantly correlated with the first (second) mode. Furthermore, these links obtained with observations are also well forecast by the MMEM and can help to improve seasonal forecast of climate anomalies in those regions with low skill.
Experimental Study of the Statistical Properties of Directionally Spread Ocean Waves Measured by Buoys
Authors: McAllister M. L. , van den Bremer T. S.
Published: November 2019

Wave-following buoys are used to provide measurements of free surface elevation across the oceans. The measurements they produce are widely used to derive wave-averaged parameters such as significant wave height and peak period, alongside wave-by-wave statistics such as crest height distributions. Particularly concerning the measurement of extreme wave crests, these measurements are often perceived to be less accurate. We directly assess this through a side-by-side laboratory comparison of measurements made using Eulerian wave gauges and model wave-following buoys for randomly generated directionally spread irregular waves representative of extreme conditions on deep water. This study builds on the recent work of McAllister and van den Bremer (2019, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-19-0170.1), in which buoy measurements of steep directionally spread focused waves groups were considered. Our experiments confirm that the motion of a wave-following buoy should not significantly affect the measured wave crest statistics or spectral parameters and that the discrepancies observed for in situ buoy data are most likely a result of filtering. This filtering occurs when accelerations that are measured by the sensors within a buoy are converted to displacements. We present an approximate means of correcting the resulting measured crest height distributions, which is shown to be effective using our experimental data.
Age, sex and period estimates of Australia’s mental health over the last 17 years
Authors: Burns Richard A , Butterworth Peter , Crisp Dimity A
Published: November 2019

Objective:

Describing the long-term mental health of Australians is limited as many reports rely on cross-sectional studies which fail to account for within-person changes and age-related developmental processes which may bias estimates which ignore these phenomena. We examined the 17-year trajectories of mental health in 27,519 Australian adults.

Methods:

Household panel data of 27,519 participants aged 18 years and over from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey provided at least one observation of mental health over a 17-year period from 2001. On average, participants reported 7.6 observations. Mental Health was assessed annually using the Short-Form Health Survey-36 mental health scale.

Results:

Over time, there were only very small changes in mental health and only for the youngest and oldest adults. Over time, there was consistent evidence for better metal health with increasing age, although for the very old, there appear to be substantial declines. These patterns were consistent between sex. In line with an existing literature, males reported better mental health over life span, although the declines of mental health in very-late-life are particularly pronounced for males.

Conclusion:

Decline in mental health was only reported by the youngest and oldest respondents, and was notable only in the last 4–5 years. However, the magnitude of the decline was small and further follow-up will be needed to determine whether this is a trend of substantive declining mental health for these specific age cohorts. In contrast, the more consistent finding is that there has been no substantive change in the level of mental health in Australia over the last 17 years. Analysis of the mental health trajectories of baseline age-cohorts confirmed that age differences are consistent over time.
Depression in the medically ill
Authors: Rosenblat Joshua D , Kurdyak Paul , Cosci Fiammetta , Berk Michael , Maes Michael , Brunoni Andre R , Li Madeline , Rodin Gary , McIntyre Roger S , Carvalho Andre F
Published: November 2019

Background:

Depressive disorders are significantly more common in the medically ill compared to the general population. Depression is associated with worsening of physical symptoms, greater healthcare utilization and poorer treatment adherence. The present paper provides a critical review on the assessment and management of depression in the medically ill.

Methods:

Relevant articles pertaining to depression in the medically ill were identified, reviewed and synthesized qualitatively. A systematic review was not performed due to the large breadth of this topic, making a meaningful summary of all published and unpublished studies not feasible. Notable studies were reviewed and synthesized by a diverse set of experts to provide a balanced summary.

Results:

Depression is frequently under-recognized in medical settings. Differential diagnoses include delirium, personality disorders and depressive disorders secondary to substances, medications or another medical condition. Depressive symptoms in the context of an adjustment disorder should be initially managed by supportive psychological approaches. Once a mild to moderate major depressive episode is identified, a stepped care approach should be implemented, starting with general psychoeducation, psychosocial interventions and ongoing monitoring. For moderate to severe symptoms, or mild symptoms that are not responding to low-intensity interventions, the use of antidepressants or higher intensity psychotherapeutic interventions should be considered. Psychotherapeutic interventions have demonstrated benefits with small to moderate effect sizes. Antidepressant medications have also demonstrated benefits with moderate effect sizes; however, special caution is needed in evaluating side effects, drug–drug interactions as well as dose adjustments due to impairment in hepatic metabolism and/or renal clearance. Novel interventions for the treatment of depression and other illness-related psychological symptoms (e.g. death anxiety, loss of dignity) are under investigation.

Limitations:

Non-systematic review of the literature.

Conclusion:

Replicated evidence has demonstrated a bidirectional interaction between depression and medical illness. Screening and stepped care using pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is merited.
To Tap or Not to Tap…
Authors: Gururaj V. J. , Russo Raymond M. , Allen John E. , Herszkowicz Rozalia
Published: November 2019

A survey of the signs and symptoms of 709 children subjected to lumbar puncture on the suspicion of meningitis did not permit construction of a pattern which could identify the existence of meningitis in a suspected case. The predictive value for the symptoms of lethargy, headache, and convulsion associated with fever became meaningful only when the symptoms were associated with one or more signs of meningeal irritation.
Basic Tenets of Separation Theory
Authors: Firestone Robert W.
Published: November 2019

This article outlines the basic tenets of separation theory, including the fantasy bond and the voice process. The fantasy bond is a unifying concept explaining how human beings seek security in fantasies of fusion in an attempt to heal the fracture related to interpersonal trauma compounded by death anxiety. Painful elements in parent–child interactions are incorporated in the form of a negative thought process or “voice,” creating a division in the personality between the self and the anti-self. My colleagues and I developed a methodology called “voice therapy” to expose and contend with people’s destructive attitudes and attacks on themselves. The article also describes the evolution of a group of more than 100 associates and friends who have lived in close proximity and shared their innermost feelings in an ongoing group experience for more than 40 years. These people contributed significantly to the evolution of separation theory. Together, we developed an implicit set of values based on understanding factors that hurt people in their psychological development. The article specifies the concepts learned from observing the reference population and delineates findings from research in the neurosciences, attachment theory, and terror management theory that validate the key concepts of separation theory.
Who Receives Credit or Blame? The Effects of Made-to-Order Production on Responses to Unethical and Ethical Company Production Practices
Authors: Paharia Neeru
Published: November 2019

While prior research has found that consumer-influenced production improves purchase intentions, the author proposes that it can counterintuitively backfire. This work demonstrates that when consumers have some control over production (e.g., ordering products on demand, customization, preordering), they have lower purchase intentions for products made with unethical processes (e.g., pollution, underpaid labor) than if they had no role in production (i.e., buying what is already in inventory). This effect reverses, however, with positive ethical production (e.g., recycled materials). Because consumers have direct responsibility for whether a product is made, feelings of anticipated guilt or gratification result depending on the ethicality of the production process. This work also proposes a novel threefold conceptualization of responsibility that can be used as managerial levers: direct responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, and broad responsibility. Field studies using Facebook’s advertising platform demonstrate positioning strategies for fair-trade brands and advocacy groups.
Insanity defence in bipolar patients at the time of committing murder according to Iranian law: Case studies
Authors: Memarian Azadeh , Moosavinezhad Baboli Seyed Hossein , Shekofteh Hanieh Saboori
Published: November 2019

Bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness characterised by recurrent episodes of manic or depressive symptoms, with intervening periods that are relatively (but not fully) symptom-free. Studies have found higher rates of psychiatric disorders in homicide offenders than in the general population. The insanity defence is a legal construct that, under some circumstances, excuses defendants with mental illness from legal responsibility for criminal behaviour. Here we report two cases of family murder by the mother of the family caused by bipolar disease. The role of the forensic psychiatrist in diagnosing insanity during the commission of a crime is very important as these patients should be diagnosed, treated as soon as possible, and monitored. Public education through social media should be considered to reduce crimes in societies. Diagnosing insanity during the commission of a crime is very important and requires high precision forensic psychiatry. Public education through social media should be considered to reduce crimes in societies.
A Classification of a Liturgy’s Use of Scripture: A Proposal
Authors: Olver Matthew S. C.
Published: November 2019

The relationship between scripture and Christian liturgy is one that was discussed and assumed in much of the liturgical and ecumenical literature in the twentieth century. The majority of that work focused on the use of the Bible within liturgical rites in general and not within the text of specific liturgical rites. This article is a constructive proposal of a comprehensive taxonomy to describe all the possible ways that a liturgical text can appropriate scripture as a source. Such attention to the ways biblical texts and exegesis are reflected in euchological texts not only has the potential to provide clarity on how the early Christians related to the Bible in general and within their liturgical rites. It may also provide an additional source for answering questions about the dating and provenance of particular rites by identifying the overlap with strains of patristic exegesis, for which we possess significant evidence.
Remembering and Lamenting Lost Liturgy: The Text and Context of Rites of Durham, c.1593
Authors: Spinks Bryan D.
Published: November 2019

The Rites of Durham was written c.1593, and the authorship is uncertain, but is presumed to be a compilation of accounts by one or more of the former monks and clergy who lived through the dissolution and who remained either at the cathedral or in Durham parishes after the Elizabethan Settlement. Rites gives detailed descriptions of the cathedral furnishings and of the processions and festivals prior to the dissolution when the shrine of St. Cuthbert was still intact. The account shows a bias against the further reforms made under Dean William Whittingham. It is not, however, a Customary, and has inaccuracies and biases. It is most certainly a liturgical anamnesis, and a lament for a lost liturgical past. The compiler, though, may have intended it as a testimony of the past which might one day be restored.
Rent-seeking middle classes and the short-term rental business in inner-city Lima
Authors: del Castillo Mirtha Lorena , Klaufus Christien
Published: November 2019

Between 2007 and 2017, Lima experienced an unprecedented growth of the construction sector and an increase in high-rise condominiums. Urban land as a strategic resource has altered the spatial configuration of Lima’s central districts. This paper presents the results of a case study of Barranco, a central and emblematic district of Lima that underwent an intense real estate boom. In our assessment, we connect the recent touristification and gentrification debates to develop a new pattern of Latin American gentrification. We argue that Barranco’s consolidation as a tourist destination, along with the relaxation of local construction policies, has led to the development of one-bedroom apartments in high-rise condominiums destined mainly to be rented out to tourists and other types of floating population. This urban restructuring model has created new business opportunities for what we call a rent-seeking middle class, keen to invest in real estate as an alternative means to increase their income. By way of discussion, we argue that the case of Barranco exemplifies a new trend in Latin American gentrification which is not characterised by an influx of the urban middle class into central areas, nor by a massive physical displacement of lower-income residents, but by the growing purchasing power of a wealthier middle-class group investing in the short-term rental business in combination with other enabling factors.
Ugandan Adolescents’ Descriptive Gender Stereotypes About Domestic and Recreational Activities, and Attitudes About Women
Authors: Farago Flora , Eggum-Wilkens Natalie D. , Zhang Linlin
Published: November 2019

In Eastern Uganda, 201 adolescents aged 11- to 17-years old (48% girls; Mage = 14.62) answered close- and open-ended questions about gender stereotypes of domestic and recreational activities and gender-role attitudes about women’s behavior, rights, and roles. Adolescents answered questions such as “who is more likely to . . .?” assessing descriptive stereotypes (i.e., stereotype knowledge) and questions such as “is it ok for women to . . .?” assessing prescriptive stereotypes (i.e., stereotype endorsement) about gender roles. Data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, correlations, and thematic coding. Findings indicate that Ugandan adolescents were fairly egalitarian in some domains (e.g., leisure and recreation) but were non-egalitarian in other domains (e.g., marital and domestic roles). Adolescents held a mix of gender-stereotyped and non-stereotyped views about domestic and recreational activities as well as attitudes about women. Findings present reasons for hope and for continued work toward gender equality in Uganda. Results may inform interventions that foster gender egalitarian attitudes in youth.
A model for surgical volunteerism: a qualitative study based in Cambodia
Authors: Cheok Sabrina , Dong Chaoyan , Lam Wee Leon , Gollogly Jim , Rajaratnam Vaikunthan
Published: November 2019

Medical volunteerism continues to attract many doctors from high-income nations to low- or middle-income countries (LMIC). In spite of the wealth of positive experiences of these volunteers documented in the literature, there is little evidence concerning the impact and effectiveness of their activity.

We documented our model of five-year experience in the delivery of hand surgery in Cambodia, attempting a qualitative approach with attempts to understand the perceptions of local and volunteer surgeons.

We conducted independent qualitative interviews with five visiting and 12 Cambodian surgeons who participated in our community-based and outcome-oriented hand surgery training programme between 2013 and 2015. Data were coded and analysed using a content analysis method and then individually grouped into categories; software was used to generate frequencies and quotations of codes.

Our results highlighted factors contributing to the success of the medical volunteering programme, to its success, with suggestions for sustainability, motivation and commitment to such a programme. A clearly defined strategy by the volunteer group and a commitment to time and resources by both partners were found to be effective.
The Impact of Moral Expectancy Violations on Audiences’ Parasocial Relationships With Movie Heroes and Villains
Authors: Bonus James Alex , Matthews Nicholas L. , Wulf Tim
Published: November 2019

Integrating the predictions of disposition theory and expectancy violations theory, a longitudinal survey assessed adults’ parasocial relationships with characters in a popular movie franchise before and after the release of the latest film installment of that franchise. Consistent with disposition theory, characters’ immoral behavior in the film weakened participants’ parasocial relationships with those characters. However, analyses conducted using a novel statistical technique (i.e., response surface analysis) revealed that further shifts in the strength of these relationships occurred when characters subverted participants’ expectations regarding their typical moral behavior. Specifically, participants’ relationship with the film’s primary villain strengthened when he was perceived as behaving more morally than expected, whereas their relationship with the film’s primary hero weakened when he was perceived as behaving either more or less morally than expected. These findings highlight the need for more nuanced examinations of disposition formation processes.
Solubility and volume swell of fuel system elastomers with ketone blends of E10 gasoline and blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB)
Authors: Kass Mike , Janke Chris , Connatser Maggie , West Brian
Published: November 2019

The compatibility of key infrastructure elastomers with five ketone molecules was assessed via solubility studies and volume swell measurements. The elastomer materials included two fluorocarbons, six acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (NBRs), and one each of fluorosilicone, neoprene, polyurethane, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and silicone. The ketone molecules included acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-nonanone, and cyclopentanone. The ketones were added to gasoline containing 10% ethanol (E10) and a blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB) in levels ranging from 0% to 30% by volume. The elastomers were exposed for 4 weeks in each test fluid. The solubility was modeled using Hansen solubility parameters and the volume change was determined for each material and test fuel. In general, the volume swell increased with ketone content and corresponded well to the predicted solubilities. In most cases, the highest level of swelling occurred with added cyclopentanone and acetone, while 2-nonanone produced the lowest levels of volume expansion. The chain length of the straight ketones was found to affect the volume swell behavior as volume expansion decreased with increasing chain length. This behavior is attributed to the reduction in polarity and hydrogen bonding with chain length. Neoprene, SBR, and silicone exhibited poor compatibility with the ketone molecules at all blend levels. Fluorocarbon and fluorosilicone also showed poor compatibility but may be suitable for use as static seals in very low blend levels with 2-nonanone. The results were more mixed for polyurethane and the NBRs. In general, better compatibility (low volume swell) was observed for mixtures containing BOB than for E10. This is due to the lower polarity and hydrogen bonding of the BOB.
Including Maladaptive Anger in Psychology Courses
Authors: Martin Ryan C.
Published: November 2019

Despite clear interpersonal, physiological, behavioral, and emotional consequences, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition ( DSM-5) and most abnormal psychology textbooks inadequately describe maladaptive anger. Although there is no recent published research on coverage of maladaptive anger in psychology courses, it is reasonable to assume that coverage is lacking, especially compared to coverage of other emotion-rooted disorders like sadness and anxiety. This lack of coverage is particularly troubling, given that researchers have long recognized the potential problems that stem from maladaptive anger and have also developed many approaches for treating problematic anger. This article describes the absence of anger disorders in the DSM-5, outlines the rationale for covering anger in psychology courses, and provides best practices for such coverage.
CEO Gender-Based Termination Concerns: Evidence From Initial Severance Agreements
Authors: Klein Felice B. , Chaigneau Pierre , Devers Cynthia E.
Published: November 2019

We theorize that female candidates considering CEO roles will perceive greater termination vulnerability in such roles than their male counterparts. We further theorize that indicators of recent organizational distress will exacerbate female CEO candidates’ perceptions of termination vulnerability, while the presence of female leaders will mitigate these concerns. To test our arguments, we examine the initial values of newly appointed female and male CEOs’ severance agreements from 2007 to 2014. Results support our arguments and begin to shed light on the factors that influence female executives’ concerns about CEO roles and ultimately firms’ ability to appoint female CEOs.
Pardon the Interruption: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda for Research on Work Interruptions
Authors: Puranik Harshad , Koopman Joel , Vough Heather C.
Published: November 2019

Work interruptions are ubiquitous in today’s workplaces as a result of the proliferation of technology and a growing emphasis on collaboration and open workspaces. Although a large body of research on interruptions has accumulated over the last two decades, this research is scattered across disciplines with little integration. While this fragmentation indicates the complex nature of interruptions, it has also led to inconsistencies in how interruptions are defined and studied. Such differences reduce generalizability of results, lead to conflicting findings, and hinder knowledge development. We present here an integrative review of prior research on work interruptions based on an analysis of 247 publications. As part of the review, we examine prior definitions of interruption and advance a new integrative definition that can anchor a range of future research. We also discuss and summarize the assumptions and implications of the different investigative approaches used to study interruptions. An awareness of these approaches can help scholars better align their theory and investigative approach to adequately capture constructs/relationships of interest. We then synthesize theory and research, across disciplines, to present a process-based model that comprehensively captures our current understanding of how, when, and why work interruptions affect employees in different ways. Lastly, we highlight several avenues in need of more research attention and provide recommendations on how to advance the work interruption literature ahead meaningfully. Our review can act as an important reference for scholars new to interruption research, as well as for established interruption researchers looking to move their research in new directions.
Schools of Democracy
Authors: Sinyai Clayton
Published: November 2019

In the late 20th century, a wave of democratic transformation swept away dictatorships of the right and left across Europe, Africa and much of Asia; and for the first time in human history most citizens lived under governments they had chosen in free elections. Liberal democracy, characterized by multiparty elections, individual liberties, free enterprise and independent trade unions, seemed poised to dominate the future, but today populist movements challenge the liberal consensus and global public opinion surveys indicate a loss of faith in democratic values. The rapid decline in labor union membership across the developed world may be a contributing factor. Social scientists have documented the function of labor unions as “schools” of democracy where working-class high school graduates learn crucial civic skills, boosting their political participation and reducing the gap between socioeconomic classes. This may explain why AFL President Samuel Gompers’s observation, that “there never yet existed coincident with each other autocracy in the shop and democracy in political life” remains true 125 years later, and highlights a major threat to democracy today.
Analyzing ethnographic interviews: Three studies on terrorism and nonviolent resistance
Authors: Dornschneider Stephanie
Published: November 2019

This article describes three analyses of ethnographic interviews conducted with violent and nonviolent political activists. The findings show that the deliberations of violent and nonviolent activists focus on state violence and rational choice calculations (Studies I and II), while nonviolent activists moreover consider perceptions of themselves and state actors, among other factors (Study II). In a highly repressive setting, nonviolent activists choose individual over collective resistance (Study III). By revealing how violent and nonviolent activists reason about their behaviour, the findings complement statistical analyses of datasets on external factors, such as economic conditions, political institutions, social networks or political events. Such datasets are typically readily available or can be constructed from publicly available data, while interview transcripts are more time-consuming to assemble. Furthermore, replicable quantitative methods are not straightforwardly applied to qualitative interviews. This article instead applies Spradley’s ethnographic analysis (Study I) and Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory (Studies II and III) to examine interview transcripts. In addition to the substantive findings, the analyses make a methodological contribution to qualitative studies of interviews by systematically identifying each factor addressed by an interview transcript.
Crossmodal Correspondences in the Sounds of Chinese Instruments
Authors: Qi Yuxuan , Huang Fuxing , Li Zeyan , Wan Xiaoang
Published: November 2019

People tend to associate stimuli from different sensory modalities, a phenomenon known as crossmodal correspondences. We conducted two experiments to investigate how Chinese participants associated musical notes produced by four types of Chinese instruments (bowed strings, plucked strings, winds, and percussion instruments) with different colors, taste terms, and fabric textures. Specifically, the participants were asked to select a sound to match each color patch or taste term in Experiment 1 and to match the experience of touching each fabric in Experiment 2. The results demonstrated some associations between pitch and color, taste term, or the smoothness of fabrics. Moreover, certain types of Chinese instruments were preferentially chosen to match some of the colors, taste terms, and the texture of certain fabrics. These findings therefore provided insights about the perception of Chinese music and shed light on how to apply the multisensory features of sounds to enhance the composition, performance, and appreciation of music.
Theory of a practice: A foundation for Blumenberg’s metaphorology in Ricoeur’s theory of metaphor
Authors: Hawkins Spencer
Published: November 2019

Hans Blumenberg is celebrated for demonstrating that metaphors have had a more foundational influence than concepts on European intellectual history. Many acknowledge that his insights might have achieved even greater impact if he had articulated a more explicit theory of metaphor. In 1960 Blumenberg discusses the historical formation of metaphors that have given rise to meaningful discourses on metaphysical abstractions, like God, existence, or Being, but he does not develop a general model of metaphoric language, and his work rarely engages with other contemporary theories of metaphor. During Blumenberg’s lifetime, French and German postwar philosophers rarely cited one another. Yet French hermeneutics, and the work of philosopher Paul Ricoeur in particular, may have strongly influenced Blumenberg’s research group, Poetik und Hermeneutik. This paper is an attempt to recuperate intellectual affinities between Blumenberg and Ricoeur, in order to demonstrate that Ricoeur’s claims about metaphor provide the theoretical background for a fuller appreciation of Blumenberg’s metaphor analyses.
Synthesis and experimental investigation of V-CaCl2 composite desiccant for performance enhancement in evaporative cooling applications
Authors: Aydin Devrim , Charidi Mohammad , Khosravi Nima
Published: November 2019

This study investigates novel vermiculite–calcium chloride composite solid desiccant material for desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling applications. In addition, comparative performance analyses between direct and desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling were performed. According to the study results, temperature drop around 10 ℃ with an average cooling rate of 700 W and coefficient of performance in the range of 5–6 were obtained for both processes. The specific cooling capacity was found 3.5 kJ/g for desiccant assisted and 2.6 kJ/g for direct evaporative cooling process. It was concluded that at low air mass flow rates, performances of both processes are similar whilst at higher air flow rates, desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling becomes more efficient in terms of specific cooling capacity and coefficient of performance. The experiments also showed that vermiculite–calcium chloride provides effective moisture sorption rates above 40% air relative humidity levels. Therefore, this desiccant material could be suitable for desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling applications.
Effect of the wing trailing-edge flaps and spoilers position on the jet-vortex wake behind an aircraft during takeoff and landing run
Authors: Tsirkunov Yu M , Lobanova MA , Tsvetkov AI , Schepanyuk BA
Published: November 2019

The large-scale vortex structure of flow in the near wake behind an aircraft during its run on a runway is investigated numerically. The geometrical aircraft configuration was taken close to a mid-range commercial aircraft like Boeing 737-300. It included all essential elements: a body (fuselage), wings with winglets, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, engine nacelles, nacelle pylons, inboard flap track fairings, leading-edge and trailing-edge flaps, and spoilers. The position of flaps and spoilers corresponded to the takeoff and landing run conditions. Computational simulation was based on solving the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations closed with the Menter Shear Stress Transport turbulence model. Patterns of streamlines, fields of the axial vorticity and the turbulent intensity, vertical and horizontal velocity profiles in the wake are compared and discussed for both run regimes. The flow model was preliminary tested for validity by comparison of the calculated velocity profiles behind a reduced-scale aircraft model with those obtained in special wind tunnel experiments.
Holocene climate recorded by magnetic properties of lake sediments in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Maxbauer Daniel P , Shapley Mark D , Geiss Christoph E , Ito Emi
Published: November 2019

We present two hypotheses regarding the evolution of Holocene climate in the Northern Rocky Mountains that stem from a previously unpublished environmental magnetic record from Jones Lake, Montana. First, we link two distinct intervals of fining magnetic grain size (documented by an increasing ratio of anhysteretic to isothermal remanent magnetization) to the authigenic production of magnetic minerals in Jones Lake bottom waters. We propose that authigenesis in Jones Lake is limited by rates of groundwater recharge and ultimately regional hydroclimate. Second, at ~8.3 ka, magnetic grain size increases sharply, accompanied by a drop in concentration of magnetic minerals, suggesting a rapid termination of magnetic mineral authigenesis that is coeval with widespread effects of the 8.2 ka event in the North Atlantic. This association suggests a hydroclimatic response to the 8.2 ka event in the Northern Rockies that to our knowledge is not well documented. These preliminary hypotheses present compelling new ideas that we hope will both highlight the sensitivity of magnetic properties to record climate variability and attract more work by future research into aridity, hydrochemical response, and climate dynamics in the Northern Rockies.
Moral distress experienced by non-Western nurses: An integrative review
Authors: Prompahakul Chuleeporn , Epstein Elizabeth G
Published: November 2019

Background:

Moral distress has been identified as a significant issue in nursing practice for many decades. However, most studies have involved American nurses or Western medicine settings. Cultural differences between Western and non-Western countries might influence the experience of moral distress. Therefore, the literature regarding moral distress experiences among non-Western nurses is in need of review.

Aim:

The aim of this integrative review was to identify, describe, and synthesize previous primary studies on moral distress experienced by non-Western nurses.

Review method:

Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methodology was used to structure and conduct the review of the literature.

Research context and data sources:

Key relevant health databases included the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Two relevant journals, Nursing Ethics and Bioethics, were manually searched.

Ethical consideration:

We have considered and respected ethical conduct when performing a literature review, respecting authorship and referencing sources.

Findings:

A total of 17 primary studies published between 1999 and 2019 were appraised. There was an inconsistency with regard to moral distress levels and its relationship with demographic variables. The most commonly cited clinical causes of moral distress were providing futile care for end-of-life patients. Unit/team constraints (poor collaboration and communication, working with incompetent colleagues, witnessing practice errors, and professional hierarchy) and organizational constraints (limited resources, excessive administrative work, conflict within hospital policy, and perceived lack of support by administrators) were identified as moral distress’s stimulators. Negative impacts on nurses’ physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being were also reported.

Conclusion:

Further research is needed to investigate moral distress among other healthcare professions which may further build understanding. More importantly, interventions to address moral distress need to be developed and tested.