bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of green entrepreneurial orientation on sustainable performance: insights from CSR, policy and innovation
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Singh Saumya , Gupta Himanshu
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In recent years, “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) has gained significant traction as a strategic concept embraced by business managers. However, there remains a dearth of comprehensive research exploring the impact of CSR on “Green Entrepreneurial Orientation” (GEO), a firm’s sustainability performance, and their interplay with other influential factors. Therefore, this study aims to explore how CSR, “Policy Awareness” (PA), and “Personal Innovativeness” (PI) influence GEO and “Sustainable Performance” (SP). The research also delves into understanding the mediating role of GEO and how this mediation is moderated by “Green Innovation” (GI).

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the “natural resource-based view” (NRBV) theory and employing “partial least square structural equation modeling” (PLS-SEM), the study analyzed a sample of 137 Indian manufacturing “micro, small, and medium enterprises” (MSMEs).

Findings

The results underscore the positive associations of CSR and PA with both GEO and SP. Additionally, the findings highlight the moderating effects of GI in enhancing firms' sustainability performance. The moderated mediation analysis reveals that CSR significantly contributes to SP by fostering the adoption of GEO.

Research limitations/implications

These study outcomes offer valuable insights for policymakers, managers, and entrepreneurs, emphasizing the importance of crafting effective CSR strategies intertwined with innovativeness to cultivate a conducive green entrepreneurial ecosystem in businesses aligned with sustainable development goals.

Originality/value

There is a paucity of research on the determinants of GEO within the context of manufacturing MSMEs, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. Furthermore, no previous study has delved into the factors that underlie GEO using a moderated mediation framework, particularly within the Indian manufacturing MSMEs landscape.
The effect of tourists' local food consumption motivations on behavioural intention and the mediating role of destination image
Authors: Cakir Haci Ahmet , Zagrali Cakir Egem
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study examines the effect of some motivations of domestic tourists visiting Mugla related to the consumption of local Mugla food on behavioural intentions. The mediating impact of destination image on the behavioural intention effect of tourists' local food consumption motivations is also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was adopted for the study’s objectives. The population of the study consisted of domestic tourists visiting Mugla, Turkiye. The sample was determined by the convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-probability-based sampling techniques, because of the characteristics of the research population. Around 390 questionnaires collected from tourists visiting Mugla were analysed. The structural equation model (SEM) was applied for testing the research hypotheses, and Bootstrap technique was used for mediation effect analysis.

Findings

Sensory motivation, which is one of the local food consumption motivations, was found to have a statistically significant effect on behavioural intention. No significant effect was found between other motivation factors (excitement, cultural, interaction and health) and behavioural intention. Also, there is a partial mediation effect of destination image in the effect of sensory motivation on behavioural intention. Whilst sensory value alone explains 28% of the effect on behavioural intention, it explains 31% of the effect on behavioural intention together with destination image.

Originality/value

The development of food culture in a destination and the increase in awareness of the food culture of the destination through different consumer components are of great importance for regional tourism. This research contributes to the gastronomy tourism literature in terms of examining the local food consumption motivations that are effective in visitors' experiences of Mugla food, the effect of these motivations on revisits and the role of Mugla destination image.
Addressing life expectancy and healthy life expectancy through environmental indicators: Novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag estimation
Authors: Aziz Ghazala , Waheed Rida , Sarwar Suleman , Alsaggaf Majid Ibrahim , Khan Mohd Saeed
Published: June 2024

This study innovatively combines healthy life expectancy (LE) with traditional LE measures to shed light on environmental impacts on public health. Second, it utilizes the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to model data until 2025; this is a new method in environmental health research. This study investigates the impact of environmental indicators on LE and healthy LE, a landmark piece of research that incorporates the latter in such analyses. The major harmful outcomes of economic growth, carbon emissions, and particulate matter 2.5 on both life expectancies are verified. In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, post‐Vision 2030 estimations show a low impact of these environmental factors, which implies that Vision successfully adjusted the environmental impacts. Notably, the ecological footprint's coefficient is insignificant in both models. These insights are crucial for shaping and refining environmental and health policies. The research addresses a gap in the literature, focusing on environmental health in Saudi Arabia. It considers CO2, particulate matter 2.5, and ecological footprints as key environmental indicators, acknowledging Saudi Arabia's role as a major fossil fuel producer and its consequent environmental challenges. The study also emphasizes the significant health risks posed by particulate matter. The inclusion of healthy LE as a dependent variable, alongside mortality, and the examination of Saudi Vision 2030's impact on environmental health further underline the study's comprehensive and innovative approach.
The complex world of kefir: Structural insights and symbiotic relationships
Authors: Cheng Tiantian , Zhang Tuo , Zhang Pengmin , He Xiaowei , Sadiq Faizan Ahmed , Li Jiale , Sang Yaxin , Gao Jie
Published: June 2024

Kefir milk, known for its high nutritional value and health benefits, is traditionally produced by fermenting milk with kefir grains. These grains are a complex symbiotic community of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, yeasts, and other microorganisms. However, the intricate coexistence mechanisms within these microbial colonies remain a mystery, posing challenges in predicting their biological and functional traits. This uncertainty often leads to variability in kefir milk's quality and safety. This review delves into the unique structural characteristics of kefir grains, particularly their distinctive hollow structure. We propose hypotheses on their formation, which appears to be influenced by the aggregation behaviors of the community members and their alliances. In kefir milk, a systematic colonization process is driven by metabolite release, orchestrating the spatiotemporal rearrangement of ecological niches. We place special emphasis on the dynamic spatiotemporal changes within the kefir microbial community. Spatially, we observe variations in species morphology and distribution across different locations within the grain structure. Temporally, the review highlights the succession patterns of the microbial community, shedding light on their evolving interactions.Furthermore, we explore the ecological mechanisms underpinning the formation of a stable community composition. The interplay of cooperative and competitive species within these microorganisms ensures a dynamic balance, contributing to the community's richness and stability. In kefir community, competitive species foster diversity and stability, whereas cooperative species bolster mutualistic symbiosis. By deepening our understanding of the behaviors of these complex microbial communities, we can pave the way for future advancements in the development and diversification of starter cultures for food fermentation processes.
Prediagnosis recognition of acute ischemic stroke by artificial intelligence from facial images
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Ye Yunyan , Shi Shengyi , Mao Kehang , Zheng Haonan , Chen Xuguang , Yan Hanting , Lu Yiming , Zhou Yong , Ye Weimin , Ye Jing , Han Jing‐Dong J.
Published: June 2024

Stroke is a major threat to life and health in modern society, especially in the aging population. Stroke may cause sudden death or severe sequela‐like hemiplegia. Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are standard diagnosis methods, and artificial intelligence models have been built based on these images, shortage in medical resources and the time and cost of CT/MRI imaging hamper fast detection, thus increasing the severity of stroke. Here, we developed a convolutional neural network model by integrating four networks, Xception, ResNet50, VGG19, and EfficientNetb1, to recognize stroke based on 2D facial images with a cross‐validation area under curve (AUC) of 0.91 within the training set of 185 acute ischemic stroke patients and 551 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, and AUC of 0.82 in an independent data set regardless of age and sex. The model computed stroke probability was quantitatively associated with facial features, various clinical parameters of blood clotting indicators and leukocyte counts, and, more importantly, stroke incidence in the near future. Our real‐time facial image artificial intelligence model can be used to rapidly screen and prediagnose stroke before CT scanning, thus meeting the urgent need in emergency clinics, potentially translatable to routine monitoring.
Being a First Nations baby is not independently associated with low birthweight in a large metropolitan health service
Authors: Pervin Sonia , Kearney Lauren , Giudice Sonita , Holzapfel Sherry , Denaro Tara , Dyer Jodi , Cole Phillipa E , Callaway Leonie
Published: June 2024

Aim

To examine low birth weight (LBW) in First Nations babies born in a large metropolitan health service in Queensland, Australia.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective population‐based study using routinely collected data from administrative data sources. All singleton births in metropolitan health services, Queensland, Australia of ≥20 weeks gestation or at least 400 g birthweight and had information on First Nations status and born between 2019 and 2021 were included. The study measured birthweight and birthweight z‐score, and also identified the predictors of LBW. Multivariate regression models were adjusted by demographic, socioeconomic and perinatal factors.

Results

First Nations babies had higher rates of LBW (11.4% vs 6.9%, P < 0.001), with higher rates of preterm birth (13.9% vs 8.8%, P < 0.001). In all babies, the most important factors contributing to LBW were: maternal smoking after 20 weeks of gestation; maternal pre‐pregnancy underweight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2); nulliparity; socioeconomic disadvantage; geographical remoteness; less frequent antenatal care; history of cannabis use; pre‐existing cardiovascular disease; pre‐eclampsia; antepartum haemorrhage; and birth outcomes including prematurity and female baby. After adjusting for all contributing factors, no difference in odds of LBW was observed between First Nations and non‐First Nation babies.

Conclusions

First Nations status was not an independent factor influencing LBW in this cohort, after adjustment for identifiable factors. The disparity in LBW relates to modifiable risk factors, socioeconomic disadvantage, and prematurity. Upscaling culturally safe maternity care, focusing on modifiable risk factors is required to address LBW in Australian women.
Effects of bisphenol A and tauroursodeoxycholic acid on maturation of porcine oocytes and parthenogenetic development of embryos
Authors: Yang Ling , Zhang Qiongao , Cui Maosheng , Zhang Leying , Ma Yong
Published: June 2024

Prolonged exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) has adverse effects on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, but treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) can improve the IVM and development of embryos. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA and both BPA and TUDCA on IVM and parthenogenetic development of embryos. The results showed that BPA treatment adverse effects on the cumulus expansion index, survival rate, polar body rate, mitochondrial distribution of the oocytes after maturation culture, and that it also decreased the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of embryos after parthenogenetic develpoment. In addition, BPA treatment upregulated expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, while it decreased expression of genes related to cumulus expansion. However, the supplementation of TUDCA relieved these adverse effects of BPA except polar body rate, blastocyst rate, and expression of BCL2 and PTGS1. In conclusion, the supplementation of TUDCA can partly attenuate the negative effects of BPA on IVM and parthenogenetic development of embryos, possibly by modification of the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and cumulus expansion, intracellular ROS level, and mitochondrial distribution.
Borders, labor, and beyond: Collective reflections on Harsha Walia's writing, activism, and influence on the anthropology of work
Authors: Campbell Stephen , Godboldt Adrian D. , Hjalmarson Elise , Holmes Seth M. , Hodžić Saida , Raheja Natasha , Rodriguez Solis Gerardo , Shankar Arjun , Shaw Jennifer E.
Published: June 2024

Harsha Walia is the winner of the 2022 Conrad M. Arensberg Award given by the Society for the Anthropology of Work for outstanding contributions to the anthropology of work from inside the discipline and beyond. Walia is a scholar, activist, and organizer committed to migrant justice and border abolition. She is also author of Border and Rule: Global Migration, Capitalism, and the Rise of Racist Nationalism (Fernwood Press 2021), Undoing Border Imperialism (AK Press 2013), as well as numerous journal articles. Walia's analysis and her organizing with No One Is Illegal and other activist communities lay bare why border imperialism continues to feed into worker exploitation and why border abolition is imperative for migrant worker justice. This roundtable discussion is the culmination of collective thinking by anthropologists about how Walia's work has influenced their own, including their research, writing, and advocacy with their interlocutors who live and work across borders.
Vancomycin trough concentration in adult patients with periprosthetic joint infection: A machine learning‐based covariate model
Authors: Chen Yue‐Wen , Lin Xi‐Kai , Huang Chen , Wu Wei , Lin Wei‐Wei , Chen Si , Lu Zong‐Xing , You Ya‐Yi , Liu Zhou‐Jie
Published: June 2024

Aims

Although there are various model‐based approaches to individualized vancomycin (VCM) administration, few have been reported for adult patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This work attempted to develop a machine learning (ML)‐based model for predicting VCM trough concentration in adult PJI patients.

Methods

The dataset of 287 VCM trough concentrations from 130 adult PJI patients was split into a training set (229) and a testing set (58) at a ratio of 8:2, and an independent external 32 concentrations were collected as a validation set. A total of 13 covariates and the target variable (VCM trough concentration) were included in the dataset. A covariate model was respectively constructed by support vector regression, random forest regression and gradient boosted regression trees and interpreted by SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP).

Results

The SHAP plots visualized the weight of the covariates in the models, with estimated glomerular filtration rate and VCM daily dose as the 2 most important factors, which were adopted for the model construction. Random forest regression was the optimal ML algorithm with a relative accuracy of 82.8% and absolute accuracy of 67.2% (R2 =.61, mean absolute error = 2.4, mean square error = 10.1), and its prediction performance was verified in the validation set.

Conclusion

The proposed ML‐based model can satisfactorily predict the VCM trough concentration in adult PJI patients. Its construction can be facilitated with only 2 clinical parameters (estimated glomerular filtration rate and VCM daily dose), and prediction accuracy can be rationalized by SHAP values, which highlights a profound practical value for clinical dosing guidance and timely treatment.
Utilizing passage‐level relevance and kernel pooling for enhancing BERT‐based document reranking
Authors: Pan Min , Zhou Shuting , Li Teng , Liu Yu , Pei Quanli , Huang Angela J. , Huang Jimmy X.
Published: June 2024

The pre‐trained language model (PLM) based on the Transformer encoder, namely BERT, has achieved state‐of‐the‐art results in the field of Information Retrieval. Existing BERT‐based ranking models divide documents into passages and aggregate passage‐level relevance to rank the document list. However, these common score aggregation strategies cannot capture important semantic information such as document structure and have not been extensively studied. In this article, we propose a novel kernel‐based score pooling system to capture document‐level relevance by aggregating passage‐level relevance. In particular, we propose and study several representative kernel pooling functions and several different document ranking strategies based on passage‐level relevance. Our proposed framework KnBERT naturally incorporates kernel functions from the passage level into the BERT‐based re‐ranking method, which provides a promising avenue for building universal retrieval‐then‐rerank information retrieval systems. Experiments conducted on two widely used TREC Robust04 and GOV2 test datasets show that the KnBERT has made significant improvements over other BERT‐based ranking approaches in terms of MAP, P@20, and NDCG@20 indicators with no extra or even less computations.
Board Busyness and Firm Performance: An Emerging Market Perspective
Authors: Venkatesh G. , Kshatriya Saranya , Bansal Shashank
Published: June 2024

Research Question/Issue

This paper primarily explores the relationship between busy boards and firm performance. Additionally, we have performed a quasi‐natural experiment to evaluate the impact of SEBI regulatory restrictions on multiple directorships on the firm performance.

Research Findings/Insights

The study sample includes all firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Our primary findings indicate a nonlinear relationship between busy boards and firm performance. These results are more pronounced for the non‐business group firms and firms with high promoter ownership. Our quasi‐natural experiment results indicates that the treatment firms had a significant improvement in firm performance. The results of event study analysis and difference‐in‐difference analysis are robust for both short‐ and long‐term measures of firm performance. Furthermore, we observe an increase in the board meeting attendance of independent directors in the post‐mandate period.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Two competing views prevalent in busy board literature are reputational effect hypothesis and distraction effect hypothesis. Our findings support the limit on number of outside directorships; if this number exceeds a certain threshold, the directors become less effective monitors and exacerbate the firm performance.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

The results are in favor of restriction on multiple directorship positions of independent directors by the regulators in emerging markets. Further, the study demonstrates that firms that adhere to good governance practices protect the investors' interests and improve the firm's performance.
What's Wrong with Wishful Thinking? “Manifesting” as an Epistemic Vice
Authors: D'Olimpio Laura
Published: June 2024

The popular trend of manifesting involves supposedly making something happen by imagining it and consciously thinking it will happen in order to will it into existence. In this paper Laura D'Olimpio explains why manifesting is a form of wishful thinking and argues that it is an epistemic vice. She describes how such wishful thinking generally, and manifesting in particular, are epistemically problematic in the ways they obstruct the attainment of knowledge. She further adds that manifesting leaves the epistemic agent vulnerable to unrealistic expectations, being set up for failure, and being prone to self‐blame, and it also encourages a blurring of the distinction between thought and truth. D'Olimpio offers an example that demonstrates how manifesting as a particular instantiation of wishful thinking invites and encourages obsessive and compulsive habits and rituals that corrupt the epistemic agent's rational conclusions. Wishful thinking and manifesting negate the role for luck and privilege in achievement and downplay the role of effort and action. D'Olimpio concludes that as educators we may play a role in dispelling the myth that manifesting is a virtuous or beneficial practice and instead teach our students that, as a form of wishful thinking, it is an epistemic vice best avoided.
Short‐term exposure to HIV Tat induces glial activation and changes in perineuronal nets
Authors: Carey Sean D. , Conant Katherine , Maguire‐Zeiss Kathleen A.
Published: June 2024

Despite widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), there remains a subset of individuals who display cognitive impairment broadly known as HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Interestingly, HIV‐infected cells continuously release the HIV‐1 protein Tat even in the presence of cART. Persistent exposure to Tat is proposed to increase both neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. In vitro evidence shows that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are among the neuroinflammatory molecules induced by Tat, which are known to disrupt specialized neuronal extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs predominantly surround parvalbumin interneurons and help to buffer these cells from oxidant stress and to independently increase their excitability. In order to better understand the link between short‐term exposure to Tat, neuroinflammation, and PNNs, we explored the direct effects of Tat on glial cells and neurons. Herein, we report that in mixed glial cultures, Tat directly increases the expression of proinflammatory molecules, including MMP‐9. Moreover, direct injection of Tat protein into mouse hippocampus increases the expression of astrocyte and microglia markers as well as MMP‐9. The number of PNNs is decreased following Tat exposure, followed later by decreased numbers of hippocampal parvalbumin‐expressing neurons. In older mice, Tat induced significant increases in the gene expression of proinflammatory molecules including markers of gliosis, MMPs and complement system proteins. Taken together, these data support a direct effect of Tat on glial‐derived MMP expression subsequently affecting PNNs and neuronal health, with older mice more susceptible to Tat‐induced inflammation.
Host specificity of plant‐associated bacteria is negatively associated with genome size and host abundance along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Wang Zihui , Lajoie Geneviève , Jiang Yuan , Zhang Minhua , Chu Chengjin , Chen Yongfa , Fang Shuai , Jin Guangze , Jiang Mingxi , Lian Juyu , Li Yanpeng , Liu Yu , Ma Keping , Mi Xiangcheng , Qiao Xiujuan , Wang Xihua , Wang Xugao , Xu Han , Ye Wanhui , Zhu Li , Zhu Yan , He Fangliang , Kembel Steven W.
Published: June 2024

Host specialization plays a critical role in the ecology and evolution of plant–microbe symbiosis. Theory predicts that host specialization is associated with microbial genome streamlining and is influenced by the abundance of host species, both of which can vary across latitudes, leading to a latitudinal gradient in host specificity. Here, we quantified the host specificity and composition of plant–bacteria symbioses on leaves across 329 tree species spanning a latitudinal gradient. Our analysis revealed a predominance of host‐specialized leaf bacteria. The degree of host specificity was negatively correlated with bacterial genome size and the local abundance of host plants. Additionally, we found an increased host specificity at lower latitudes, aligning with the high prevalence of small bacterial genomes and rare host species in the tropics. These findings underscore the importance of genome streamlining and host abundance in the evolution of host specificity in plant‐associated bacteria along the latitudinal gradient.
Suffering makes you weaker: Limited evolutionary adaptation in competitively inferior populations
Authors: Chen Nan , Zhang Quan‐Guo
Published: June 2024

Interspecific competition can hinder populations from evolutionarily adapting to abiotic environments, particularly by reducing population size and niche space; and feedback may arise between competitive ability and evolutionary adaptation. Here we studied populations of two model bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, that evolved in monocultures and cocultures for approximately 2400 generations at three temperatures. The two species showed a reversal in competitive dominance in cocultures along the temperature gradient. Populations from cocultures where they had been competitively dominant showed the same magnitude of fitness gain as those in monocultures. However, competitively inferior populations in cocultures showed limited abiotic adaptation compared with those in monocultures. The inferior populations in cocultures were also more likely to evolve weaker interspecific competitive ability, or go extinct. The possible competitive ability‐adaptation feedback may have crucial consequences for population persistence.
Impact of policy uncertainty on subsidiary reverse knowledge transfer
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Ping , Hsiao Yi‐Chi , Gebhardt Sebastian
Published: June 2024

Despite the recognized importance of subsidiary reverse knowledge transfer (RKT) for multinational enterprises' (MNEs') competitive advantages, little is understood about how host country policy uncertainty may affect it. This study, based on absorptive capacity and resource dependence theories and utilizing the global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) index, examines 1565 firm‐year observations of Taiwanese MNE parent–subsidiary activities. Findings suggest that GEPU indirectly undermines subsidiary RKT benefit by reducing MNEs' global R&D intensity and geographical R&D diversity. Notably, this effect is mitigated when MNEs choose joint venture entry modes. This study enriches international business literature by elucidating the intricate relationships between the host country policy uncertainty, MNE strategies, and subsidiary RKT outcomes, thus contributing to a deeper scholarly understanding in the RKT domain.
Deep learning based brain tumour architecture for weight sharing optimization in federated learning
Authors: Onaizah Ameer N. , Xia Yuanqing , Obaid Ahmed J. , Hussain Khurram
Published: June 2024

Large amounts of data is necessary for deep learning models to semantically segment images. A major issue in the field of medical imaging is accumulating adequate data and then applying specialized skills to label those medical imaging data. Collaboration across institutions might be able to alleviate this problem, but sharing medical data to a centralized place is complicated due to legal, privacy, technical, and data ownership constraints, particularly among international institutions. By guaranteeing user privacy and preventing unauthorized access to raw data, Federated Learning plays a significant role especially in decentralized deep learning applications. Each client is given a unique learning process assignment. Clients first train a machine learning model locally using data from their area. Then, clients upload training data (local updates of model weights and biases) to a server. After that, the server compiles client‐provided updates to build a global learning model. Due to the numerous parameters (weights and biases) employed by deep learning models, the constant transmission between clients and the server raises communication costs and is inefficient from the standpoint of resource use. When there are more contributing clients and communication rounds, the cost of communication becomes a bigger concern. In this paper, a novel federated learning with weight sharing optimization compression architecture FedWSOcomp is proposed for cross institutional collaboration. In FedWSOcomp, the weights from deep learning models between clients and servers help in considerably reducing the amount of updates. Top‐z sparsification, quantization with clustering, and compression with three separate encoding techniques are all implemented by FedWSOcomp. Modern compression techniques are outperformed by FedWSOcomp, which achieves compression rates of up to 1085× while saving up to 99% of bandwidth and 99% of energy for clients during communication.
Setting auditing standards: Analysis of a writing process
Authors: Fabioux Isabelle
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the work of actually writing auditing standards in France, a country that has not adopted the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Based on interviews, participant observation, and documentary study, I highlight the adaptation work carried out to develop French standards, with a transposition mechanism that goes far beyond simply translating ISAs. I emphasise the significant impact of legalism and the principle of hierarchy of norms. I also illustrate the writing conventions used to set standards that are clear and understandable for a wide range of stakeholders. My results show that every word counts in standard‐setting work, which makes it an iterative process involving experts in standard‐setting technique. This study opens the black box of standard‐setters' work and offers a new perspective for analysis of standard setting by considering it as a writing process.
Exhaustion: Migrant mental health, gendered migration and workplace regime
Authors: Vianello Francesca Alice , Redini Veronica , Zaccagnini Federica
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the mental health of female migrant workers in Italy. The multi‐method study involved a survey of 157 Moldovan migrant women employed in different jobs and 30 semi‐structured interviews with Moldovan female migrant domestic workers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that Moldovan domestic workers are affected by poor mental health to a greater extent than Moldovan women employed in other jobs, and that the factors most associated with it were non‐standard working times and having migrated primarily for work reasons. Qualitative data showed how the strain resulting from demanding schedules was intertwined with being a single female labour migrant, whose experience was strongly marked by the gendered dimension of transnational motherhood and a loss of social status. The article concludes that the gendered migration regime and the gendered workplace regime constitute two intertwined and mutually reinforcing determinants of health.
Self‐perceived stigma in Chilean adolescents with intellectual disability
Authors: Tenorio Marcela , Arango Paulina , Aparicio Andrés , Reyes Consuelo , Ali Afia , Hassiotis Angela
Published: June 2024

Stigma is a form of negative social stereotype characterized by a lack of respect toward an individual or a group of people. It is defined as a personal attribute that triggers negative stereotypes, leading to adverse effects on the individuals concerned. This study aims to explore the self‐perceived stigma experienced by adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Chile. We explored self‐perceived stigma in 139 Chilean adolescents, using the Perceived Stigma of Intellectual Disability Scale, which was translated and adapted for the Chilean population as part of this project. We calculated total stigma scores as well as scores for various subscales. Additionally, we conducted analyses of variance, independent t tests, and chi‐square tests to identify differences in self‐stigma based on various sociodemographic factors. The total self‐perceived stigma score was relatively low among Chilean adolescents with intellectual disabilities compared to previously published reports from other countries. Some variations in reactions to discrimination were observed based on the type of schooling, particularly strong negative reactions associated with attending special schools. The low self‐perceived stigma reported by Chilean adolescents with intellectual disabilities may be attributed to social and cultural factors, as well as the availability of social opportunities and their intensity. Future studies should further investigate the impact of special schools on individuals with intellectual disabilities in Chile.
The daily reciprocal associations between electroencephalography measured sleep and affect
Authors: Boon Merel Elise , Esfahani Mahdad Jafarzadeh , Vink Jacqueline M. , Geurts Sabine A. E. , van Hooff Madelon L. M.
Published: June 2024

Self‐report studies show that sleep and positive and negative affect are closely and bidirectionally linked. However, studies assessing sleep objectively yield more inconsistent results. This study assessed the reciprocal, daily relationship between sleep as measured with electroencephalography (EEG) and affect (measured in the evening) in a natural setting. We assessed sleep both on the macrolevel (i.e., rapid eye movement [REM] sleep and slow‐wave sleep [SWS] duration) and on the microlevel (i.e., REM sleep fragmentation). In this study, 33 participants (i.e., healthy college students, mean [standard deviation] age 21.55 [3.73] years, 67% female) were followed for 2 weeks. Each participant wore an EEG headband for 15 nights and had polysomnography during 3 of the 15 nights providing 72 analysable nights of polysomnography and 271 analysable nights with the EEG headband. Every evening participants reported their momentary negative and positive affect. We examined the relationship between pre‐sleep affect and the sleep variables, as well as the reverse relationship, with sleep variables predicting evening affect the next day. We detected that higher negative affect in the evening was related to more fragmented REM sleep. However, this result was only found with polysomnography and not with the EEG headband. No significant associations were found between affect and time spent in REM sleep and SWS. Overall, no support was found for the reciprocal association between negative and positive affect and EEG measured sleep. Only limited support was found for an association in one direction (i.e., evening negative affect was associated with more REM sleep fragmentation at night).
Affective economies in crowdfunding for cancer
Authors: Lincoln Martha , Kramer Sasha
Published: June 2024

Cancer patients and survivors in the United States are increasingly likely to use online crowdfunding as a means of offsetting the expenses associated with their medical care. This practice of making an online appeal for support to a broad public audience constitutes an inadvertent form of informal emotional labor for its practitioners—labor in which striking the right affective notes in one's appeal is believed to be critical to fundraising outcomes. Drawing on ethnographic interviews, we suggest that crowdfunding produces an array of complex, often contradictory sentiments and narrative incentives for cancer patients and survivors—ultimately transforming the experience of serious illness.
Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities
Authors: Preckler‐Quisquater Sophie , Quinn Cate B. , Sacks Benjamin N.
Published: June 2024

Human‐facilitated introductions of nonnative populations can lead to secondary contact between allopatric lineages, resulting in lineage homogenisation or the formation of stable hybrid zones maintained by reproductive barriers. We investigated patterns of gene flow between the native Sacramento Valley red fox (Vulpes vulpes patwin) and introduced conspecifics of captive‐bred origin in California's Central Valley. Considering their recent divergence (20–70 kya), we hypothesised that any observed barriers to gene flow were primarily driven by pre‐zygotic (e.g. behavioural differences) rather than post‐zygotic (e.g. reduced hybrid fitness) barriers. We also explored whether nonnative genes could confer higher fitness in the human‐dominated landscape resulting in selective introgression into the native population. Genetic analysis of red foxes (n = 682) at both mitochondrial (cytochrome b + D‐loop) and nuclear (19,051 SNPs) loci revealed narrower cline widths than expected under a simulated model of unrestricted gene flow, consistent with the existence of reproductive barriers. We identified several loci with reduced introgression that were previously linked to behavioural divergence in captive‐bred and domestic canids, supporting pre‐zygotic, yet possibly hereditary, barriers as a mechanism driving the narrowness and stability of the hybrid zone. Several loci with elevated gene flow from the nonnative into the native population were linked to genes associated with domestication and adaptation to human‐dominated landscapes. This study contributes to our understanding of hybridisation dynamics in vertebrates, particularly in the context of species introductions and landscape changes, underscoring the importance of considering how multiple mechanisms may be maintaining lineages at the species and subspecies level.
Seasonal variation in the relationship between leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity
Authors: Yu Liyao , Luo Xiangzhong , Croft Holly , Rogers Cheryl A. , Chen Jing M.
Published: June 2024

Accurate estimation of photosynthesis is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycle modelling. Previous studies have established an empirical relationship between photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax; maximum electron transport rate, Jmax) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content to infer global photosynthetic capacity. However, the basis for the Chl‐Vcmax relationship remains unclear, which is further evidenced by the temporal variations in the Chl‐Vcmax relationship. Using multiple years of observations of four deciduous tree species, we found that Vcmax and Jmax acclimate to photosynthetically active radiation faster (4–8 weeks) than Chl (10–12 weeks). This mismatch in temporal scales causes seasonality in the Vcmax‐Chl relationship. To account for the mismatch, we used a Chl fluorescence parameter (quantum yield of Photosystem II, Φ(II)) to tighten the relationship and found Φ(II) × Chl correlated with Vcmax and Jmax (r2 = 0.74 and 0.72 respectively) better than only Chl (r2 = 0.7 and 0.6 respectively). It indicates that Φ(II) accounts for the short‐term adjustment of leaf photosynthetic capacity to light, which was not captured by Chl. Our study advances our understanding of the ecophysiological basis for the empirical Vcmax‐Chl relationship and how to better infer Vcmax from Chl and fluorescence, which guides large‐scale photosynthesis simulations using remote sensing.
Why better safe than sensitive
Authors: Zhao Haicheng
Published: June 2024

One interesting and potentially attractive feature of the sensitivity account of knowledge is that it not only preserves knowledge of ordinary propositions, but also concedes the skeptic's intuition that we do not know skeptical hypotheses do not obtain. This paper challenges the sensitivity‐based reply to the skeptic, advocated by Robert Nozick, among others. Sensitivity generates an implausibly bizarre result that although we do not know we are not brains in vats (because a belief to this effect is insensitive), a real BIV who is in a much worse epistemic situation can sensitively believe that it is not in the good case. This result reveals a fundamental problem with the sensitivity conditional: its antecedent is not suitable for picking out possibilities that are relevant for our epistemic evaluation. I then offer a systematic explanation of why it is the safety account—the main competitor of sensitivity—that picks out a more suitable set of possibilities. A consequence of this comparison is that the safety account delivers an overall more satisfying reply to the skeptic than sensitivity does.
Naturalized knowledge‐first and the epistemology of groups
Authors: Bird Alexander
Published: June 2024

This paper commences by making a case for a naturalized approach to knowledge‐first epistemology. On this basis it then goes on to describe and defend a naturalized, functionalist account of group knowledge. It then contrasts this with Jennifer Lackey's (2021) account of the epistemological status of groups.
Left and right ideological orientations as intragroup strategies of cultural preservation and promotion
Authors: Reyna Christine , Vazquez Kaelan , Vazquez Miguel , Eadeh Fade , Harris Kara
Published: June 2024

Social and political psychologists have focused on how liberals and conservatives differ from one another and have developed a vast literature on individual differences and fixed attributes that distinguish ideological groups. However, ideological orientations might be more contextual and flexible than what is often portrayed in research. We present a novel look at ideological variability as an intragroup phenomenon that makes liberals and conservatives nuanced, heterogeneous, and more similar to one another—important perspectives for reducing ideological stereotyping and polarization. In this paper, we review patterns showing ideological variability and overlap in thinking, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors across the lifespan, geographical regions, status groups, and diverse cultures around the world. By understanding the social psychological and situational factors associated with intragroup variability in ideology, we can develop more culturally inclusive models of ideology and map out better solutions to polarization.
Characterizing slopes for 52$5_2$
Authors: Baldwin John A. , Sivek Steven
Published: June 2024

We prove that all rational slopes are characterizing for the knot , except possibly for positive integers. Along the way, we classify the Dehn surgeries on knots in that produce the Brieskorn sphere , and we study knots on which large integral surgeries are almost L‐spaces.
Neuronal and hormonal control of Ca2+ signalling in exocrine glands: insight from in vivo studies
Authors: Takano Takahiro , Yule David I.
Published: June 2024

Fluid and enzyme secretion from exocrine glands is initiated by Ca2+ signalling in acinar cells and is activated by external neural or hormonal signals. A wealth of information has been derived from studies in acutely isolated exocrine cells but Ca2+ signalling has until recently not been studied in undisrupted intact tissue in live mice. Our in vivo observations using animals expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators in specific cell types in exocrine glands revealed both similarities to and differences from the spatiotemporal characteristics previously reported in isolated cells. These in vivo studies facilitate further understanding of how both neuronal and hormonal input shapes Ca2+ signalling events in a physiological setting and how these signals are translated into the stimulation of fluid secretion and exocytosis.

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An under-approximation of entropy for elemental multiconfigurational ground state electronic structures
Authors: Beaux Miles F.
Published: June 2024

A combinatorial approach has been applied to the allowable permutations of quantum electronic configurations under the constraints of Hund's rule for established ground state configurations toward an under-approximation of electronic structure entropy. Combined with a previously reported over-approximation, the approximations are used in conjunction in an attempt to bracket the upper and lower entropy limits for multiconfigurational ground state electronic structure entropy and compared to known standard molar entropies for the elements. This formality has been used for the application of a classical statistical mechanics methodology to be applied to the discrete sets of quantum mechanical states of Pu in order to calculate orbital occupancies in Pu's multiconfigurational ground state. Without consideration of the relative energies of various possible electronic configurations contributing to the multiconfigurational ground state, the calculations are performed under a general energy degeneracy assumption weighted to the number of permutations for specific configurations. The number of configurations assumed to significantly contribute is gradually constrained in order to approach a low-order approximation of orbital occupancies in Pu that are then compared to experimental and other calculated results from the literature.
Effect of inductively coupled plasma etch on the interface barrier behavior of (001) β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode
Authors: Lee Hoon-Ki , Janardhanam V. , Chang Woojin , Cho Kyujun , Choi Chel-Jong , Mun Jae Kyoung
Published: June 2024

In this study, the (001) β-Ga2O3 surface was dry etched employing the inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) system, and Au/Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated on the etched surface. The impact of ion bombardment on the (001) β-Ga2O3 surface during dry etching and its effect on current-voltage (I–V) characteristics and breakdown voltage was investigated. The forward current at higher bias decreased with increasing temperature due to the fact that the higher temperatures cause them to be less mobile owing to the scattering effects that reduce the on-current. The temperature-dependent I–V characterization of the Au/Ni/β-Ga2O3 SBD revealed a strong temperature dependence of barrier height and ideality factor associated with the barrier height inhomogeneity at the interface between Ni and β-Ga2O3. Analysis of the barrier height inhomogeneities with the assumption of Gaussian distribution of barrier heights confirmed the presence of a double Gaussian barrier distribution having mean barrier heights of 0.71 and 1.21 eV in the temperature range of (83–158) and (183–283 K), respectively. The Richardson constant value obtained from the modified Richardson plot interpreted with the consideration of Gaussian distribution of barrier heights closely matched with the theoretical value of β-Ga2O3. The fabricated Au/Ni/β-Ga2O3 SBD showed consistent breakdown voltage in the range of 670–695 V over repeated measurements with a time interval of 1 min without exhibiting any damage. However, after an initial breakdown voltage measurement, repeating the measurement with a 30 s interval led to an exponential increase in current, leading to the destruction of the device, associated with the low thermal conductivity of the substrate. The results obtained reveal that the ICP-RIE dry etching did not cause significant damage to the surface.