bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and molecular studies on Echinococcus granulosus from free-roaming dogs in Southeast Iran
Authors: Keyhani Alireza , Sharifi Iraj , Bamorovat Mehdi , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Askari Asma , Ebrahimipour Mohammad , Harandi Majid Fasihi
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), as a major zoonotic helminth infection, imposes remarkable socioeconomic burden on many endemic countries across the world, including Iran. Due to the high importance of free-roaming dogs in the transmission of CE, epidemiological and molecular studies in this type of hosts are required in the endemic regions. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from stray dogs in Kerman, Southeast Iran.

Materials and Methods: Eighty-four samples were isolated from stray dogs in the city and suburbs of Kerman in coordination with the health authorities and the municipality office for rabies control and dog population management. Dog demographic data, including age and sex were collected. The worm was isolated by necropsy and genomic DNA was extracted and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene was amplified using specific primers. Phylogenetic and Templeton-Crandall-Sing (TCS) network analyses were carried out on the sequence data.

Results: The overall prevalence of CE in the surveyed dogs was 10.7% (9/84 cases). Out of 84 stray dogs, 33 (39.3%) and 51 (60.7%) cases were male and female, respectively. There was not a statistically significant difference between the infection and gender of dogs. However, infection is shown more in dogs under one year of age with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The results of molecular studies indicated E. granulosus G1 genotype for all isolates. The high presence of free-roaming dogs in urban and peri-urban areas and high frequency of parasite in this animal is a risk factor for humans in the region. Haplotype sequence analysis on the dog isolates revealed a close relationship with other E. granulosus isolates in Kerman.

Conclusion: The findings of this study provide evidence-based data about the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of CE in dog definitive hosts of Southeast Iran. Further studies are required to understand the prevalence and parasite genotypes in dogs in Iran.
INACTION AS A FORM OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: Bolotov V.V.
Published: April 2020

The absence of criminal-legal ways to stimulate active behavior of citizens, as well as criminologicalcharacteristics of illegal inaction and developed on its basis scientifically based methods of prevention ofpassive crime can significantly reduce the effectiveness of many programs of development of the state.This problem is particularly relevant due to the slow but continuous growth in passive crime since 2010.The overall growth rate of passive crime over the past five years was 15–23,3%. Thus, the socially dangerousproperty of passive crime is gradually moving into its quantitative component, which is not a way out of thissituation.Passive crime itself is Intrusive crime, which is not fully recognized by society as a criminal phenomenon.As a result, a significant amount of passive criminal acts are not only not registered and, as a consequence,not disclosed, but are not perceived as crimes by the victims, and therefore not brought to the attention oflaw enforcement agencies.All this and many other specific characteristics of the category of criminal inaction determine therelevance, as well as the long-overdue need for the scientific development of a single complex of passivecrime, which would form in the consciousness of society an adequate assessment of illegal inaction and itsdisastrous consequences.
PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF EXCITATION FOR HATEING OR ENMITY, AS ABA
Authors: Tydykova N.V.
Published: April 2020

The author analyzes the practice of applying this corpus delicti and notes two trends. The first is tounjustifiably expand the range of acts for which criminal liability arises. This practice does not find support inthe theory of criminal law and causes outrage in society. To overcome this problem, the Supreme Court gaveexplanations, according to which, for the imputation of the composition under consideration, it is necessaryto establish a number of circumstances, in addition to the fact of placing an image or text on the Internet. Thesecond trend of law enforcement practice unites cases of a more thoughtful approach, when a whole complexof circumstances is taken into account to solve the issue of the composition of the composition. Examples aregiven when, prior to the relevant clarifications of the Supreme Court in law enforcement practice, ideas wereexpressed about the need to analyze all the circumstances of the deed, in particular, the targeted orientationof the placement of materials. This led to the conclusion that the Supreme Court did not formulate new rules,but pointed to an approach that is the only true one in the light of the principle of subjective imputation.The author argues that not every dissemination of material can be recognized as aimed at inciting hatred orenmity from someone, or humiliating dignity. It is necessary, with the help of a number of signs, to determinewhich particular idea the person broadcast.
Inclusion of crude corn oil with high acidity in the feed of laying hens: analysis of egs production and quality
Authors: Luquetti Brenda Carla , Santos Sâmela Keila Almeida dos , Litz Fernanda Heloisa , Crosara Flávia Sousa Gomes , Limão Veridiana Aparecida , Andrade Patrícia Lopes , Fernandes Evandro de Abreu
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate egg production and quality after including crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) in the feed of laying hens. The design was completely randomized to three treatments and six replicates each. The sample included 90 hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage, housed in cages; each cage contained five animals and constituted an experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were corn-based feed with degummed soybean oil (CSO), corn-based feed with CCOHA (CC) and sorghum-based feed with CCOHA (SC). At the end of the 28-day cycle, the following productivity parameters were evaluated: egg weight at laying (EWL), laying percentage (LP), feed conversion per dozen eggs (FCDZ) and feed conversion per egg mass (FCEM). The evaluated internal and external quality parameters of the eggs were yolk percentage (YP), yolk index (YI), and yolk pH (YpH); albumen percentage (AP), albumen index (AI), and albumen pH (ApH); percentage shell (PS) and shell surface area (SSA); Haugh unit (HU) and egg yolk color (EYC). There were no significant differences in EW, LP, FCDZ, and FCEM between the experimental feeds. Moreover, the use of crude corn oil with high acidity in laying hens rations did not influence the parameters of YP, YI, YpH, AP, AI, ApH, PS, SSA, HU, and EYC.
Inbreeding depression and genetic variability in agricultural traits and resistance to phytopathogens in exotic maize populations
Authors: Oliveira Aurilene Santos , Reis Edésio Fialho dos , Nogueira Ana Paula Oliveira , Cezar Juliatti Fernando
Published: April 2020

The effect known as depression by inbreeding refers to the reduction on the average value of quantitative traits, related to plant reproduction and physiology, due to the homozygosis of deleterious alleles.  This study evaluated the inbreeding depression and the genetic variability of agricultural traits and of the resistance to phytopathogens in inbred families of two exotic maize populations.  The experiments were done in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in the second harvest 2015.  Fifty and 40 FS1 of NAP5 and NAP7 populations, respectively, were evaluated interplanting one row with a mixture of base population at every ten plots to estimate depression by inbreeding of the traits evaluated.  The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications.  The following traits were evaluated: AP – plant height (cm), AE – ear height (cm), FM – male flowering (days), PQ – number of broken plants, AC – number of lodged plants, PG – kernel production (kg plot-1).  The greatest estimates of depression by inbreeding in the agricultural traits were observed for kernel production, with values of 51.2 and 38.9% for the populations NAP5 and NAP7, respectively.  Among the traits of resistance to phytopathogens, the greatest estimate was observed for the stunting complex, with values of -58.9% in NAP5 and -74.2% in NAP7.  Both populations under study presented genetic potential to be used in breeding programs with recurrent selection and, after some selection cycles, lineages with good agricultural standard and resistance to phytopathogens can be obtained.
Soil organic matter fractions and carbon management index under integrated crop-livestock system
Authors: Piano Jeferson Tiago , De Moraes Rego Carlos Augusto Rocha , Vengen Andressa Perini , Egewarth Jonas Francisco , Egewarth Vanessa Aline , Mattei Eloisa , Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Rabello de , López de Herrera Juan
Published: April 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbon content of the physical, chemical and oxidizable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) and to calculate the carbon management index (CMI) in an area managed under an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) in the western region of Paraná - Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm, belonging to the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Seventeen areas, which are managed in different ways, fifteen in ICLS and two areas of controls (Forest and Haymaking), using the design divided with two nested controls, with three replications were evaluated. Deformed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from all the areas to determine the total organic carbon (TOC), carbon stock, the physical, chemical and oxidizable fractions of SOM and the CMI in the layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. Little significant changes in the fractions were found for the management of the ICLS area in relation to the Forest and the area of Haymaking, although the Forest presented the best values for most of the studied fractions. It is recommended to adopt sustainable practices, such as ICLS, even though the average fractions tend to take time to match reference areas.
Polyploidy induction in Physalis alkekengi
Authors: Santos Gustavo C , Cardoso Felipe P , Martins Adalvan Daniel , Rodrigues Filipe A , Pasqual Moacir , Cossani Paulo , Magno Queiroz Luz José , Rezende Renata A L S , Soares Joyce Dória Rodrigues
Published: April 2020

Physalis alkekengi is an ornamental plant that can also be used as a medicinal plant due to its anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antitumor and fungicidal properties. Polyploidization can be an important tool in the genetic improvement of this species. The objective this work was to obtain tetraploids in vitro and to evaluate the phytotechnical traits of P. alkekengi. For this, nodal segments of P. alkekengi var. Franchettii were inoculated into petri dishes containing 100 ml of MS medium supplemented with colchicine at concentrations 0; 0.04; 0.08; 0.12; and 0.16% and kept in the dark for 24 and 48h. After the respective treatment periods with colchicine the segments were inoculated into test tubes. The tetraploids were identified by flow cytometry and classical cytogenetics. In vitro seedlings were measured: root length, nodal segment length, leaflet number and total leaf area. In the acclimatization phase, the area of ​​the second leaf and total leaf, petiole radius, stem length, fruit weight with calyx, without calyx, fruit diameter, number of seeds and brix of the pulp were evaluated. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, total chlorophyll / total carotenoid ratio and chlorophyll a / b ratio were also estimated. The treatment that most produced tetraploid seedlings was with 0.08% colchicine per 24h. No significant difference was observed in 7 (seven) variables, these being all variables of photopigments, stem diameter (steam) and brix. In general, diploid (2x) plants were better in 9 (nine) while tetraploid seedlings were better in 6 (six) of the phytotechnical variables. It was concluded that the MS medium supplemented with 0.08% colchicine for 24 h allowed P. alkekengi tetraploides to be obtained with better phytotechnical qualities.
Seed conditioning process in the sanitary quality of marandu grass seeds
Authors: Jeromini Tatiane Sanches , Martins Cibele Chalita , Da Silva Givanildo Zildo , Cruz José de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

The purpose of seed conditioning process is to separate seeds and their associated structures into different fractions and retain only good and healthy seeds. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects the stages of seed conditioning have on the sanitary quality of marandu grass seeds. The seeds were sampled before and during the seed conditioning process, i.e., after exiting the air-screen cleaner and sieves (seeds discharged from the top, middle and bottom sieves), the first gravity separator (seeds drifting around the table, upper and intermediate discharge) and second gravity separator (upper, intermediate and lower discharge). The sanitary analysis was performed using the filter paper method with and without surface disinfestation of the seeds, which were incubated at 20±2°C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours for seven days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x6 factorial scheme (surface disinfestation x stages of the seed conditioning process) and ten replications. The data was submitted to analysis of variance, using the F test and, when significant, the means of the treatments were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was concluded that it is not possible to improve the sanitary quality of marandú grass seeds through the seed conditioning process.
Biofilms formation and prevention on urinary catheters: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Batista Odinea Maria Amorim , Monteiro Rachel Maciel , Machado Marinila Buzanelo , Amadio Domingues Pedro Castanhia , Watanabe Evandro , Andrade Denise de , Moura Maria Eliete Batista
Published: April 2020

To map the scientific production about biofilms formation and prevention on urinary catheters. It is a bibliometric, exploratory, and descriptive research performed in Web of Science™, in three stages, and utilizing HistCite™ software. In this regard, descriptors “Biofilm*” AND “Urinary Catheter*” were utilized within the period between 1945 and 2016. A total of 329 articles about biofilm on urinary catheter were found from 1985 to 2016. These articles were written by 1,262 authors from 452 institutions located in 50 countries. The relation among the 15 selected articles, the most impacting ones, evidences the existence of experimental researches; most of them was in vitro. The control of biofilm formation on urinary catheters remains as a major challenge in the health area, because new ways are necessary to improve the prevention and minimization of this phenomenon.
O aumento da inclusão de postos e graduações militares em nomes de urna como um indicador de mudanças no imaginário social brasileiro
Authors: Soares Paola Santos Lima
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo foram examinados, com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Antroponomástica e das Ciências Políticas, os nomes de urna de candidatos militares ao cargo de deputado estadual em um período de 20 anos, entre 1998 e 2018. O objetivo era verificar se a preferência pela inclusão de postos e graduações militares em nomes de urna poderia variar em conformidade com mudanças no imaginário social brasileiro. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise quantitativa dos dados e verificado se há correlação entre os resultados numéricos encontrados e a vigência da “direita envergonhada”, fenômeno, em declínio, que perdurava desde a época da redemocratização e se refere ao constrangimento da direita por sua associação ao regime militar, em função de sua avaliação negativa pela sociedade. Os resultados encontrados atestam a hipótese de que o imaginário coletivo sobre o regime militar influenciou a opção ou não dos militares por incluir postos e graduações em nomes de urna, afinal, em meio à ascensão de discursos favoráveis ao regime e, consequentemente, com o arrefecimento do fenômeno da “direita envergonhada”, o número de postos e graduações em nomes de urnas teve um aumento significativo. Isso sinaliza que os padrões no processo de formação de nomes de urna podem indicar aspectos políticos e sociais.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Deep Web Research during 1997 to 2019
Authors: Rai Somesh , Singh Kunwar , Varma Akhilesh Kumar
Published: April 2020

This study provides a bibliometric account of global deep web research published from 1997 to 2019. A total of 1995 records were imported from the Scopus database in a bibtex file. The bibliometrix package in RStudio was used for analyses. Publication Growth, Citations, Authorship, Country and Affiliations has been analysed. It was found that deep web research had a slow growth rate. In the last four years it has seen a recovery in the growth rate. Furthermore, this study shows the distribution of highly cited papers in the field over 23 years. It shows the country and institutional affiliation pattern of prolific authors. It also presents the most preferred sources, search terms and preferred medium of research communication. It is found that deep web research had a slow growth rate, but since 2016 it is picking up. China is the leading contributor of publications followed by the United States of America, Japan, and the United Kingdom. India is the fifth largest contributor. Contribution of citable publications has been led by Canada and USA with 81.9 per cent of efficiency followed by Australia (79.7 %), France (73.4 %) and Spain (73.1 %). It is also found that most of the prolific authors (by number of publications) do not appear in highly cited publications’ list. Deep web researchers mostly preferred using conference publications to communicate their findings. ‘Machine Learning’ and ‘cryptomarkets’ are two contemporarily popular terms being used by deep web researchers also, which indicates interest towards these topics.
Perubahan Pemanfaatan Lahan dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terhadap Permukiman di Koridor Ambawang
Authors: Hasriyanti Nunik , Zulestari Andi , Ruslan Ismail
Published: April 2020

Pembangunan infrastruktur perkotaan di Indonesia dihadapkan pada masalah yang semakin kompleks, terutama dengan terkonversinya lahan terbuka menjadi ruang terbangun. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan merancang bangun koridor Ambawang dengan  infrastruktur hijau berbasis ketersediaan infrastruktur untuk mendapatkan ruang koridor yang ekologis, artinya adanya keseimbangan antara pembangunan dan perkembangan kota dengan kelestarian lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan memprediksi kecenderungan perkembangan ruang terbangun di koridor Ambawang. Menganalisis dan memprediksi perkembangan ruang terbangun pada koridor Ambawang dan faktor penyebab serta praktek terjadinya pertumbuhan permukiman di pinggiran metropolitan. Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi lapangan meliputi identifikasi terhadap ruang terbangun dan infrastruktur di koridor Ambawang. Analisis kondisi eksisting dilakukan melalui interpretasi data foto udara dan peta-peta tematik tahun 2016 untuk mengetahui sebaran ruang spasial terbangun di koridor Ambawang. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kebijakan dalam bentuk design guidelines (panduan rekayasa) untuk perencanaan dan perancangan infrastruktur ruang terbangun di koridor Ambawang. Kata kunci: Tata Guna Lahan, Dampak, Permukiman, Perkotaan, KoridorThe development of urban infrastructure in Indonesia is faced with increasingly complex problems, especially with the conversion of open land into unuseful space. This research is generally aimed to design the corridor of Ambawang with green infrastructure-based infrastructure to get ecological corridor room, meaning that there is a balance between development and city development with environmental sustainability. The purpose of this research is to analyze and predict the trend of development of waking space in Ambawang corridor. Analyzing and predicting the development of built-up space on the Ambawang corridor and the causal factors and practices of growth settlements in metropolitan outskirts. In this research will be used qualitative descriptive research method through field observation covering identification to build space and infrastructure in Ambawang corridor. The existing condition analysis is done through the interpretation of aerial photographs and thematic maps of 2016 to know the spatial space spreads built in the Ambawang corridor. With this research is expected to provide policy in the form of design guidelines (engineering guidelines) for planning and design of built space infrastructure in the corridor Ambawang.Keywords: Land Use, Impact, Settlement, Urban Sprawl, Corridor
Preparation of acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymer beads via a redox method and their adsorption properties after chemical modification
Authors: Md Jamil Siti Nurul Ain , Khairuddin Mastura , Daik Rusli
Published: April 2020

Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamide) [poly(AN-co- AM)] was prepared via a redox method, with sodium bisulfite and potassium persulphate as the initiators. High yield was attained in up to 76% of monomer conversion within 3 h of reaction time. The copolymers were then chemically modified with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain amidoxime functional groups in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) system. The role of the amidoxime group is to form a chelating ion-exchange network based on acrylonitrile for the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra, the appearance of a strong band at the regions of 1680 and 3300–3400 cm-1 due to the stretching vibration of C=O and NH2 groups, respectively, confirmed the copolymerization of acrylamide into the PAN system. In the case of modified copolymers, there was an appearance of broad bands at the regions of ∼3300 and ∼900 cm-1, which corresponded to the stretching vibrations of O-H and =N-O, respectively, from the oxime group. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the average size of the copolymer particles was ∼149 nm, and the average size increased to ∼217 nm in the case of the modified copolymer. The amidoximed poly(AN-co-AM) was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma to investigate its adsorption behavior toward Cu(II).
DETERMINATION METHOD OF FLORET NUMBER AND THEIR DENSITY IN SUNFLOWER HEAD / METODO PARA LA DETERMINACION DEL NUMERO DE FLORES Y SU DENSIDAD A LA CABEZA DE GIRASOL / METHODE DE DÉTERMINATION DU NOMBRE DE FLEURS ET DE LEUR DENSITÉ SUR LA TÊTE DE TOURNESOL
Authors: Marin I.V.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work was to develop a simple method for calculating disk flower number and their density in sunflower head. The formula developed on the basis of the Golden section includes initial data of the number of smallshort rows and the number of florets in a row. It takes no more than a minute to gain initial data for calculating the formula for one head.
INHERITANCE OF IMIDAZOLINONE-HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN SUNFLOWER / HERENCIA DE LA RESISTENCIA A IMIDAZOLINONAS EN GIRASOL / HÉRÉDITÉ DE LA RÉSISTANCE À L’HERBICIDE IMIDAZOLINONE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL
Authors: Bruniard J. M. , Miller J. F.
Published: April 2020

Broadleaf weeds cause considerable yield losses to sunflower production in all regions of the world. Resistance to the imidazolinone herbicides, imazethapyr and imazamox, found in a population of wild sunflower, could have great value for controlling many broadleaf weeds. The herbicide resistance was successfully transferred from resistant wild sunflower plants to a cultivated sunflower inbred line, HA 425. The objective of this investigation was to determine the inheritance of resistance to the herbicide imazamox in HA 425. Segregation ratios of plants in F2 and testcross populations indicated that resistance was controlled by two genes, a major gene having a semi-dominant type of gene action (Imr1), and a second gene (Imr2) with a modifier effect when the major gene is present. Resistance in sunflower can only be achieved with homozygocity (Imr1, Imr1, Imr2, Imr2) of both resistance genes in an inbred line or in a hybrid. Completely resistant hybrids require having resistance factors in both parents.
MEIOTIC STUDIES IN THE M2 GENERATION OF Helianthus annuus L. VARIETY EKIZ 1 AFTER GAMMA IRRADIATION / LOS ESTUDIOS EN LA GENERACION DE Helianthus annuus L. LA VARIEDAD EKIZ 1 DESPUES DE LA IRRADIACION DE LA GAMMA / APRÉS LE RAYONNEMENT DES GAMMA DANS LA GÉNÉRATION M2 DE LA VARIÉTÉ EKIZ 1 (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Arslan Orhan , Bal Şenol , Mirici Semra , Yenice Nilgün
Published: April 2020

The effect of gamma rays on meiosis in the M2 generation has been studied in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) variety Ekiz 1. Seeds were irradiated with gamma rays at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kR doses. Radiation induced meotic abnormalities. The chromosomal aberrations included univalents, multivalents and stickiness at diakinesis, laggards and stickiness at metaphase I, bridges and laggards at anaphase and telophase I-II, micronuclei at telophase II. The percentage frequencies of anomalies increased generally with the increasing dose of radiation.
FERMENTATION OF A NEW Bacillus thuringiensis STRAIN / FERMENTACION DE LA VARIEDAD NUEVA Bacillus thuringiensis / FERMENTATION DE LA NOUVELLE RACE Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Bai Cheng , Vick Brady A.
Published: April 2020

A new Bacillus thuringiensis strain, 00-50-5, exhibited an unusually high activity against banded sunflower moth (BSM) Cochylis hospes, which is an economically important pest of cultivated sunflowers in North America. The strain was fermented with a modified commercial medium in a bioreactor. This was a successful trial for production of 00-50-5 on a larger scale. After fermentation, the yield of dried powder was 5.8 g/l broth. In the laboratory assays, the LC50 (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of targets) of the dried powder was 0.5 μg/ml 3 d after exposure against four instars of BSM. Some practically useful conditions and parameters for the fermentation operating procedure and methods for harvesting were determined.
Innovative vibration technique applied to polyurethane foam as a viable substitute for conventional fatigue testing
Authors: Peralta Alexander , Just-Agosto Frederick , Shafiq Basir , Serrano David
Published: April 2020

Lifetime prediction using three-point bending (TPB) can at times be prohibitively time consuming and costly, whereas vibration testing at higher frequency may potentially save time and revenue. A vibration technique that obtains lifetimes that reasonably match those determined under flexural TPB fatigue is developed. The technique designs the specimen with a procedure based on shape optimization and finite element analysis. When the specimen is vibrated in resonance, a stress pattern that mimics the stress pattern observed under conventional TPB fatigue testing is obtained. The proposed approach was verified with polyurethane foam specimens, resulting in an average error of 4.5% when compared with TPB.
Experimental and numerical investigation into the behavior of shape memory alloys
Authors: Philander Oscar , Oliver Graeme John , Sun Bohua
Published: April 2020

Research and development of smart alignment systems is currently being undertaken at the Smart Devices and MEMS Laboratory at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The intended devices will harness the remarkable phenomena of shape memory alloys (SMAs), i.e. the shape memory effect and pseudo-elasticity, for actuation purposes. These unique characteristics of shape memory alloy behavior results from an austenitic ⇔ martensitic phase transformation during heating or cooling and/or a de-twinning of the martensitic variants due to an applied load. This paper investigates the microscopic and macroscopic behavior of SMA wires and uses the dynamic one-dimensional thermodynamic and statistical thermodynamic constitutive model proposed by Müller and Achenbach and further refined by Müller and Seelecke in the design of SMA line actuators. This model permits the simulation of the response of a tensile specimen to a thermodynamic input and calculates all phase transformations, phase proportions and deformations as functions of time if the temperature and applied load are prescribed as functions of time. The aim of this research is to develop an understanding of the numerical model and its implementation in the design of SMA line actuators. Specific results should show response time of a given length of SMA wire subjected to an applied load and temperature increase, and the load – displacement relationships for both quasi-plastic and pseudo-elastic behaviors. This paper also introduces some of the devices currently under investigation by the Smart Alignment Systems Research Group.
On certain fundamental issues in continuum damage mechanics
Authors: Voyiadjis George Z. , Kattan Peter I.
Published: April 2020

In this article, we discuss three fundamental issues in continuum damage mechanics. First, we investigate the nature of the damage process. For this purpose, we dissect the expression of the effective stress into an infinite geometric series and introduce several stages of damage that we call primary damage, secondary damage, tertiary damage, etc. The second issue to be discussed is the problem of small damage. In this regard, we introduce a new definition of the damage variable that is suitable for small-damage cases. Finally, we discuss the new concept of undamageable materials. These are currently hypothetical materials that maintain a zero value of the damage variable throughout the deformation process. It is hoped that these proposed new types of materials will open the way to new areas of research in both damage mechanics and materials science.
A message from the Editor in Chief
Authors: Aifantis Elias C.
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
Effect of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous elastic rod with variable density
Authors: Sethi Munish , Gupta Manisha , Gupta Kishan Chand , Saroa Mahinder Singh , Thakur Ashish
Published: April 2020

The effect of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous elastic solid whose elastic parameters depend on one space coordinate only is considered. The stress and displacement components are assumed to depend on this same space coordinate and time alone. Taking Young’s modulus E=E0 cos αx and density ρ=ρ0 cos αx, we obtain the general solution for the problem of wave propagation in nonhomogeneous elastic rod. Particular cases in which a modified sawtooth, square, and half sine wave rectifier output as input wave, fed through one end of the rod, are studied, and the displacement u(x,t) is obtained. Graphs are drawn to study the behaviour of the input waves at time t=2 s, α=0.01, and =3.5.
Surface waves in fibre-reinforced anisotropic solid elastic media under the influence of gravity
Authors: Sethi Munish , Gupta Manisha , Gupta Kishan Chand , Saroa Mahinder Singh , Gupta Deepak
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present article is to investigate the surface waves in anisotropic, elastic solid medium under the influence of gravity. The theory of generalised surface waves has first been developed and then used to investigate particular cases of waves, viz., Stoneley, Rayleigh, and Love. The wave velocity equations have been obtained for different cases and are in well agreement with the corresponding classical result, when the effect of gravity, viscosity, and fibre-reinforced parameters of the material medium are ignored.
The Consequences of “Dark” Leadership: Perspective of Generation Z
Authors: Vadvilavičius Tadas , Stelmokienė Aurelija
Published: April 2020

The paper examines the relationship between the Dark Triad personality traits and leadership outcomes from the perspective of Generation Z. A quasi-experiment with hypothetical leaders’ scenarios as stimulus was applied in this empirical research.
Synchronous Infra-Slow Oscillations Organize Ensembles of Accessory Olfactory Bulb Projection Neurons into Distinct Microcircuits
Authors: Tsitoura Chryssanthi , Malinowski Sebastian T. , Mohrhardt Julia , Degen Rudolf , DiBenedictis Brett T. , Gao Yuan , Watznauer Katja , Gerhold Kira , Nagel Maximilian , Weber Monika , Rothermel Markus , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. , Ben-Shaul Yoram , Davison Ian G. , Spehr Marc
Published: April 2020

The accessory olfactory system controls social and sexual behavior. In the mouse accessory olfactory bulb, the first central stage of information processing along the accessory olfactory pathway, projection neurons (mitral cells) display infra-slow oscillatory discharge with remarkable periodicity. The physiological mechanisms that underlie this default output state, however, remain controversial. Moreover, whether such rhythmic infra-slow activity patterns exist in awake behaving mice and whether such activity reflects the functional organization of the accessory olfactory bulb circuitry remain unclear. Here, we hypothesize that mitral cell ensembles form synchronized microcircuits that subdivide the accessory olfactory bulb into segregated functional clusters. We use a miniature microscope to image the Ca2+dynamics within the apical dendritic compartments of large mitral cell ensemblesin vivo. We show that infra-slow periodic patterns of concerted neural activity, indeed, reflect the idle state of accessory olfactory bulb output in awake male and female mice. Ca2+activity profiles are distinct and glomerulus-specific. Confocal time-lapse imaging in acute slices reveals that groups of mitral cells assemble into microcircuits that exhibit correlated Ca2+signals. Moreover, electrophysiological profiling of synaptic connectivity indicates functional coupling between mitral cells. Our results suggest that both intrinsically rhythmogenic neurons and neurons entrained by fast synaptic drive are key elements in organizing the accessory olfactory bulb into functional microcircuits, each characterized by a distinct default pattern of infra-slow rhythmicity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInformation processing in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) plays a central role in conspecific chemosensory communication. Surprisingly, many basic physiological principles that underlie neuronal signaling in the AOB remain elusive. Here, we show that AOB projection neurons (mitral cells) form parallel synchronized ensembles bothin vitroandin vivo. Infra-slow synchronous oscillatory activity within AOB microcircuits thus adds a new dimension to chemosensory coding along the accessory olfactory pathway.
Streptococcus pneumoniae hijacks host autophagy by deploying CbpC as a decoy for Atg14 depletion
Authors: Shizukuishi Sayaka , Ogawa Michinaga , Matsunaga Satoko , Tomokiyo Mikado , Ikebe Tadayoshi , Fushinobu Shinya , Ryo Akihide , Ohnishi Makoto
Published: April 2020

Pneumococcal cell surface‐exposed choline‐binding proteins (CBPs) play pivotal roles in multiple infectious processes with pneumococci. Intracellular pneumococci can be recognized at multiple steps during bactericidal autophagy. However, whether CBPs are involved in pneumococci‐induced autophagic processes remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that CbpC from S. pneumoniae strain TIGR4 activates autophagy through an interaction with Atg14. However, S. pneumoniae also interferes with autophagy by deploying CbpC as a decoy to cause autophagic degradation of Atg14 through an interaction with p62/SQSTM1. Thus, S. pneumoniae suppresses the autophagic degradation of intracellular pneumococci and survives within cells. Domain analysis reveals that the coiled‐coil domain of Atg14 and residue Y83 of the dp3 domain in the N‐terminal region of CbpC are crucial for both the CbpC–Atg14 interaction and the subsequent autophagic degradation of Atg14. Although homology modeling indicates that CbpC orthologs have similar structures in the dp3 domain, autophagy induction through Atg14 binding is an intrinsic property of CbpC. Our data provide novel insights into the evolutionary hijacking of host‐defense systems by intracellular pneumococci.
L-glutamine ameliorates adipose-hepatic dysmetabolism in OC-treated female rats
Authors: Olaniyi Kehinde Samuel , Olatunji Lawrence Aderemi
Published: April 2020

Adipose dysfunction and inflammation with or without hepatic defects underlie metabolic obesity. Glutamine (GLU) improves glucoregulation and metabolic indices but its effects on adipose function and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive (EPOC) users are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that GLUT supplementation would protect against adipose dysfunction and excess hepatic lipid influx and deposition in EPOC-treated animals by suppressing adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase (ADA/XO) activity and improving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant defense. Female Wistar rats weighing 150–180 g were allotted into control, GLUT, EPOC and EPOC + GLUT groups (six rats/group). The groups received vehicle (distilled water, p.o.), GLUT (1 g/kg), EPOC containing 1.0 µg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 µg levonorgestrel and EPOC plus GLUT, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that the administration of EPOC caused glucose dysregulation and increased triglyceride-glucose index and visceral adiposity, but the body weight and liver weight were not affected. However, EPOC significantly decreased adipose lipid, G6PD and glutathione and increased glycogen synthesis, ADA, XO, uric acid, lipid peroxidation, lactate production and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity (GGT). On the other hand, EPOC increased hepatic lipid, ADA, XO, uric acid, lipid peroxidation and lactate production and decreased glycogen synthesis, G6PD and glutathione. Nevertheless, supplementation with glutamine attenuated these alterations. Collectively, the present results indicate that EPOC causes metabolically induced obesity which is associated with adipose dysfunction and hepatic metabolic disturbance. The findings also suggest that glutamine confers metabo-protection with corresponding improvement in adipose and hepatic metabolic function by suppression of ADA/XO activity and enhancement of G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense.
14 empty airframes: public–private relations in the Swedish arms industry
Authors: Åkerström Linda
Published: April 2020

In February 2013, the Swedish Defense Materiel Administration ordered 14 empty airframes in an effort to keep production lines open at the national arms producer Saab. This unusual example of state support is a reflection of the tight-knit relationship between state actors and the arms industry in Sweden. This article provides a case study of the political and economic factors that contributed to the order. It analyses the Swedish history of armed neutrality and military non-alignment as a driver of contemporary procurement and arms trade policies, and the formation of a “partially captive” Swedish arms market—where orders to Saab made up 60 percent of the Swedish arms procurement budget in 2018.
Adaptação ao ensino superior militar: preditores do sucesso académico
Authors: Palma Rosinha António , De Andrade Júnior Hermes
Published: April 2020

A cultura militar apresenta características que exigem elevados níveis de adaptação, ao nível psicológico, físico e emocional. Os estudantes do ensino superior militar constituem uma população sujeita a elevados níveis de stress, particularmente durante o primeiro ano da Academia Militar de Portugal. Os cadetes enfrentam diversos desafios para se formarem como oficiais do quadro permanente do Exército Português e da Guarda Nacional Republicana. O estudo pretende identificar e caraterizar os stressores presentes no esforço adaptativo ao ensino superior militar, analisando a forma como evoluem ao longo dos anos e se constituem como possíveis preditores do sucesso académico. A amostra é constituída por 601 candidatos e futuros alunos à Academia Militar. Nesse sentido, foram realizados dois estudos, um de natureza transversal e outro longitudinal, que mostraram que o bem-estar físico e psicológico e a gestão do tempo são os fatores que mais contribuem para a perceção da autoeficácia académica e explicam parcialmente o sucesso académico a médio prazo (segundo ano). O caráter longitudinal do estudo acentua os resultados obtidos e remete para que, em estudos posteriores, se estabeleçam correlações com medidas da autoestima e de desempenho já como oficiais em contexto operacional.
Reseña HAPPYCRACIA. Cómo la ciencia y la industria de la felicidad controlan nuestras vidas. Barcelona: Paidós, 224 pp.
Authors: Quijano Valencia Olver
Published: April 2020

Hace dos décadas reseñé un libro de autoayuda convertido en best seller y en un panfleto trivial de posicionamiento empresarial, educativo y político que, según extraños testimonios de hombres y mujeres de negocios y de la gerencia, había servido para “salvar” carreras, matrimonios, empresas, empleos e, incluso, vidas. Tal libro hace parte del conjunto de discursos tranquilizadores y despolitizadores, propios de mentalidades neoconservadoras hoy soportadas en terapias místicas, esoterismos y literaturas de autoayuda, desde donde se trivializa la lucidez y se legitima la tontería y el relax en tiempos del imperio neo y neuroliberal.
L-leucin és lenalidomid együttes adásának kedvező hatása 5q- myelodysplasiás szindrómában
Authors: Szerafin László , Jakó János
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

Az 5q (del) genetikai eltéréssel bíró myelodysplasiás szindróma lenalidomid
adásával hatékonyan kezelhető. Az L‑leucin az mTOR szignálút gátlásával fokozza
a haploinszufficiens riboszómális gének transzlációját és így szintén kedvező
hatású lehet. Szerzők két betegük kórlefolyását ismertetik, akiket a két szer
együttes adásával kezeltek. Első betegükben lenalidomidkezelés a transzfúziós
igényt megszüntette, de az anaemia továbbra is fennállt, a gyógyszer adása
súlyos leukopeniát és thrombocytopeniát okozott. A terápia L-leucinnal történő
kiegészítése után a beteg vérképe gyorsan normalizálódott, előbb a lenalidomid,
majd az L-leucin is elhagyhatóvá vált, továbbiakban már az 5q (del) genetikai
eltérés sem volt kimutatható, évek óta tartósan remisszióban van. Második
betegükben az első szerként adott L‑leucin szintén megszüntette a transzfúziós
igényt, de az anaemiát nem. A terápia lenalidomiddal történő kiegészítése után a
beteg vérképe gyorsan normalizálódott. A lenalidomid és L‑leucin kombinációja –
a két szer eltérő hatásmechanizmusa révén – egymás hatását fokozhatja és a
terápiás eredményt tovább javíthatja. A kis esetszámú klinikai megfigyelések
miatt még további vizsgálatok szükségesek.
A membrán nanocsövek szerepe az intercelluláris mitokondrium átadásában és a tumorsejtek kemorezisztenciájában
Authors: Matula Zsolt , Mikala Gábor , Vályi-Nagy István , Uher Ferenc
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A rendkívül komplex mechanizmusok révén megvalósuló intercelluláris
kommunikációnak meghatározó szerepe van mind az egészséges, mind a különböző
megbetegedések esetében tapasztalható, megváltozott szöveti homeosztázisban. A
tumorsejtek és azok mikrokörnyezetében található egyéb sejtek között
megfigyelhető sejt–sejt interakciók nemcsak a tumoros megbetegedések
progressziójában, hanem a terápiával szemben fellépő rezisztenciában is
kulcsszerepet játszanak. A membrán nanocsövek olyan újonnan felfedezett, nagy
távolságot áthidalni képes intercelluláris összeköttetések, amelyek számos
sejtalkotó cseréjét teszik lehetővé két vagy több sejt között, beleértve a
különböző ionokat, makromolekulákat, de akár még az olyan nagyobb méretű
organellumokat is, mint amilyenek a mitokondriumok. A membrán nanocsöveken
keresztül átadott mitokondriumok egyértelműen megváltoztatják a recipiens sejtek
metabolizmusát, funkcionális jellemzőit, a jelenség pedig mind az egészséges,
mind a rákos sejtek esetében kimutatható. A metabolikus plaszticitást manapság a
rák egyik legfontosabb jellemzőjének tekintik, mivel cáfolhatatlanul
kulcsszerepet játszik a kezelés következtében kialakuló
gyógyszer-rezisztenciában. Az elmúlt néhány évben vált teljesen világossá, hogy
a gyógyszer-rezisztencia kialakulásában a membrán nanocsöveken keresztül zajló
mitokondriumátadásnak meghatározó szerepe van, amely újfajta terápiás
megközelítések kidolgozását teszi szükségessé.
An insight of Malaysian students attending European University toward participation in Malay Language Class
Authors: Marion Mohd Ikhwan , Cunningham Cathy , Harbison Joseph , Patterson Aileen
Published: April 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Purpose: There is a demand of international students from Malaysia studying medicine in Ireland. Malaysian medical students must develop communication skills in Malay Language as part of their preparation for internship. A Malay Language exam is mandatory before application is made. This study examined an insight of students' attitudes and awareness toward teaching and participation in a formal Malay Language Class (MLC). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in December 2019 at a medical school in Ireland. This involved the use of an anonymous survey to gain information on career goals, prior learning exposure, perceived area of interest and confidence in an MLC. Results: A total of 40 students responded to the survey. The analysis described low perceived confidence in communication skills in Malay Language and most respondents demonstrated an interest in participating MLC with different motives. Conclusions: The study suggests that Irish medical schools should prepare students future career by considering an effective communication skills program contextualised to their need.
LA RELAJACIÓN PERCIBIDA Y SU ROL COMO FACTOR PROTECTOR FRENTE A LA ANSIEDAD FÓBICA DURANTE EL TRANSCURSO DEL AISLAMIENTO SOCIAL, PREVENTIVO Y OBLIGATORIO POR COVID-19 EN EL GRAN MENDOZA
Authors: Vela Maria Florencia , Rossi Denis , Sánchez Jesus Leonardo , Quiero Carrión Alicia , Mesa Zarina , Lucero Yesica , Ragone Fabiola Alejandra , Jofré Neila Marcos , Maschi Celia , Belamate Carla
Published: April 2020

Una situación de crisis surge cuando irrumpe en nuestra realidad un evento sin precedentes, y los modos de afrontamiento que se utilizaban para solucionar problemas similares, resultan insuficientes. El presente estudio se sitúa en el marco de “aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio”, impuesto por decreto ante la pandemia de COVID-19, declarada por la OMS. Se encontró que la relajación percibida tendría una incidencia a favor de la reducción de la ansiedad fóbica al comparar grupos que perciben o no relajación durante el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio por COVID-19 en el Gran Mendoza, comportándose así, como un posible factor protector. Actualmente se conoce muy poco acerca de las consecuencias psicológicas que este tipo de medidas, o este contexto, podría producir, por lo cual resulta pertinente analizar los factores que podrían ser determinantes en la salud mental y el bienestar de la población del Gran Mendoza.