bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptationist Framework to Examine Intergroup Contact
Authors: Berry John W. , Grigoryev Dmitry
Published: February 2023

Background. Many culturally-plural societies like Canada or Russia seek ways to manage their cultural diversity in order to promote harmony among coexisting groups. ! e social sciences have long viewed intergroup contact as a bene" cial intervention to achieve such harmony. Objective. ! is paper proposes an adaptationist framework within which to explain how and why intergroup contact contributes to the positive and negative outcomes for individuals who live together in a plural society. We employed this framework in a case study that may serve as an example of the conceptualization and analysis of these issues in international research. Its structural framework included both positive and negative contact and the role of this contact in the distribution of intercultural and psychological adaptation among a large representative sample of the Canadian population. Design. We used a correlational design with a representative sample of Canadians from a survey carried out by Environics in 2019, which was strati" ed according to the most current population statistics. ! e total sample was 3,111 persons age 18 and over and included the largest racialised groups in the country. Results. Our main " nding was that intergroup contact (both positive and negative) related to both psychological and intercultural adaptation. ! ese " ndings have implications for improving intercultural relations, especially through the role of positive contact. Conclusion. ! e experience of negative contact (e.g., discrimination) in the near term is an important factor in undermining both forms of adaptation. Nonetheless, while intergroup contact can bring both positive and negative experiences during intercultural interactions, it leads to mutual adaptation over time.
The Manifestation of Incidental Findings in Different Experimental Visual Search Paradigms
Authors: Rubtsova Olga S. , Gorbunova Elena S.
Published: February 2023

Background. Incidental " ndings are items of visual search that are potentially of signi" cance, but were not the main object of the initial search. ! ey have been previously widely discussed in the " eld of radiology. However, the underlying perceptual mechanisms of such phenomenon are still unclear. Objective. ! e current study aims to examine incidental " ndings in di# erent paradigms of visual search in order to reveal their primary perceptual aspects. Design. Two behavioral visual search experiments were conducted. ! e mixed hybrid search task model was used in the " rst experiment, while the subsequent search miss e# ect was employed in the second experiment. ! e task was to " nd targets among distractors, according to given instructions. Stimuli material consisted of images of real-life objects that were randomly distributed across the screen for each trial. Results. Accuracy and reaction time of the participants were analyzed in both experiments. Similar e# ects were observed for both parameters. Speci" c targets in the " rst experiment and typical targets in the second experiment were found signi" cantly faster and more accurately in comparison to categorical and atypical targets. Moreover, this tendency did not depend on the order of target identi" cation. Hence, the prevalence of the targets was revealed to be the primary factor in the case of incidental " ndings. Conclusion. ! e study revealed the emergence of incidental " ndings in both experiments. Typical or speci" c targets were detected signi" cantly more accurately, compared to atypical or categorical targets. Subsequent search misses were not detected, suggesting that target prevalence could be a crucial factor that is speci" c for incidental " ndings.
Recognition of Emotional and Neutral Visual Scenes in Carriers of the MAOA, COMT, DRD4, and 5HT2A Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Ermakov Pavel N. , Vorobyeva Elena V. , Denisova Ekaterina G. , Yavna Denis V. , Babenko Vitali V. , Kovsh Ekaterina M. , Alekseeva Daria S.
Published: February 2023

Background. It is known that some genes regulate neurochemical metabolism, and their polymorphisms a" ect cognitive performance, including the ability to categorize emotionally signi# cant information. Objective. ! e aim of our study was to analyze the recognition of emotional and neutral visual scenes in carriers of di" erent polymorphic variants of the MAOA, COMT, DRD4, and 5HT2A genes. Design. ! e study sample consisted of 87 university students (Caucasians, women 63%, average age 20.4±2.6 years). ! e genotypes of the COMT, 5HT2A, and DRD4 genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to determine the number of tandem repeats of the MAOA gene. ! ree hundred sixty (360) photographic images of scenes of di" erent emotional valence (positive, negative, and neutral — 120 images for each category) were used as stimuli. ! ese images were classi# ed by expert assessments. ! e images were presented in a random sequence. ! e exposure time was 700 ms. ! e research participants were asked to determine the emotional valence of each scene. Results. We found that only the COMT gene genotype a" ected the recognition of emotional and neutral visual scenes. Carriers of the COMT Val/Val genotype, which causes dopamine to stay in the synaptic space for a shorter time, are better in recognizing and demonstrate higher sensitivity to the emotional content of scenes. Carriers of the Val/Met genotype demonstrated the worst ability to di" erentiate the emotional valence of visual scenes. Conclusion. ! is study has shown that the length of stay of monoamines in the synaptic space regulated by the COMT gene a" ects the recognition of emotional visual information.
PECULIARITIES OF SAFE BEHAVIOUR OF TEENAGERS WITH IMPAIRED INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT (BASED ON PARENTS’ ASSESSMENT)
Authors: Fatikhova Lidia F. , Sayfutdiyarova Elena F.
Published: February 2023

Relevance. Children’s safe behaviour is one of the conditions for keeping them safe and sound, healthy and socially integrated, as this is the top-priority objective of the contemporary society. Teenagers are one of the most vulnerable age groups. Th ey are frequently endangered because they show higher rates of careless behaviour. Teenagers with impaired intellectual development having this behavioural tendency cause a lot of concern in both their parents and the entire community. Objective. Th e research is aimed at studying safe behaviour in teenagers with unimpaired and impaired intelligenge. Th e research aims to defi ne peculiarities and diff erences in these teenage groups in situations that appear threatening to their lives, heath or social well-beingMethodology. Th e study involved 109 parents of teenagers aged 12–15. 46 parents are parents of children with unimpaired intellectual development (19 girls and 27 boys). 63 parents had teenage children with impaired intellectual development (35 boys and 28 girls). A questionnaire was off ered. Results. Th e researchers arranged a poll among the parents and obtained data on how safe behaviour is formed in teenagers with impaired intellectual development compared to their peers with unimpaired intelligence. Th e fi ndings show diff erence in behavioural patterns of teenagers with impaired and unimpaired intelligence in such situations as crossing a street, handling electric appliances and sharp cutting tools, acting during outdoor leisure and using gadgets. Additionally, the study defi ned gender diff erences in teenage boys’ and girls’ behavioural patterns when facing dangerous dogs, arguing or fi ghting and even during outdoor leisure. Conclusions. Th e fi ndings reveal the justifi cation basis for diff erent approaches to how to form the culture of safe behaviour in teenagers, if they have or do not have impaired intellectual development or if they belong to diff erent sexes.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF INTERNAL PRONUNCIATION OF PHONEMES
Authors: Vartanov Aleksander V. , Shevchenko Andrey O.
Published: February 2023

Relevance. Th e problem of identifying the cerebral mechanisms of internal speech (spoken words or even individual sounds — phonemes) based on the electrical activity of the brain is relevant and signifi cant for a number of practical applications, in particular for improving the construction of brain-computer interfaces. Target. Electroencephalographic research is aimed at identifying the cerebral mechanisms of internal speech, taking into account the modality of its initialization. Methodology. In a study on 25 subjects, a 19-channel EEG was recorded in the process of performing three tasks on perception and internal pronunciation of seven phonemes of the Russian language: A, B, F, G, M, R, U, which were presented visually (in the form of letters) and audibly. Th e analysis of the obtained EEG data was carried out using a new author’s method of localizing brain activity “virtually implanted electrode” (developed by A.V. Vartanov), which allows, according to scalp EEG data, to reconstruct electrical activity, the source of which is located in a certain place inside the head (activity was studied in 33 diff erent points of the brain). Results. Th e averaged evoked potentials were obtained for all the studied areas of the brain and the functional connections of these structures were revealed in the form of connectivity graphs for the corresponding conditions. Conclusions. It was found that the processes of pronunciation, expressed in EP, diff er depending on the modality of the initial form of the reproduced image — in visual perception, the supromarginal gyrus is more involved. Th e synchronized activity of a number of cerebral zones providing internal speech was revealed. A special role is played by the activity of the hippocampus and the pallidus (Gl. Palidus). Th e form of the EP when perceived is in many ways similar to its form when pronouncing. Activation at visual input is almost always signifi cantly higher than at auditory input.
THE RELATION OF THE EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT LEVELS OF VALUES PRESENTATION: THE CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECT
Authors: Arestova Olga N. , Dokuchaeva Anna G. , Mitina Olga V.
Published: February 2023

Background. Th e study is devoted to cultural specifi city of the personality value sphere, and from the point of view of its level — explicit and implicit structure. Th e novelty of the study lies in the appeal to inaccessible and practically unexplored implicit levels of value presentation, whereas most studies research deals exclusively with the approximate levels of their presentation.Objective of the study is a cross-cultural comparison of the structure of the value sphere of the individual from the point of view of its implicit and explicit level on the example of Russian and Uzbek culture. Methods. Th e following methods were used: the refi ned S. Schwartz PVQ method, M. Etkind’s color test of relationships. Sample. 190 subjects took part in the study — 86 people of Uzbek culture and 104 of Russian culture. Results. Th e study showed a signifi cant coincidence of the leading and insignifi cant values of both cultures at the explicit level. Th e explicit diff erences are as follows: despite the leading nature, less signifi cant in the Uzbek sample compared to the Russian were such values as independence of actions, independence of thought, personal security, well-being in interpersonal relations, tolerance for other people, and more signifi cant — life pleasures, reputation, public safety, responsibility to the loved ones. At the implicit level, the diff erences between cultures are less manifested, the following values are more signifi cant on the Russian sample: diverse life experience, public safety. More signifi cant the Uzbek sample is the responsibility to loved ones. Cross-cultural diff erences of some values are signifi cantly evident at both levels. Th ese are public safety (Uzbek subjects have higher signifi cance at the explicit level and lower at the implicit level than Russians) and responsibility to loved ones (higher in Uzbek subjects at both levels). Public safety has shown to be implicitly insignifi cant value to both cultures. Practical application of the results. Th e results can be applied in the joint training and professional activities organization of representatives of diff erent cultures.
IN MEMORY OF TATIANA FOLOMEEVA
Authors: Collective of authors
Published: February 2023

IN MEMORY OF TATIANA FOLOMEEVA
Live-Streamed Faith: Diffusion of Live Streaming in the Protestant Church
Authors: Geesaman Ryan A.
Published: February 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic and subsequent stay-at-home advisories issued by many states encouraged many houses of worship to begin live streaming or to improve existing capabilities. Even as restrictions on gathering loosened, many people continued to avoid large gatherings out of an abundance of caution, causing many religious institutions to have split congregations: part in person and part virtual. This study examined the motivations and decisions made by U.S.-based Protestant churches of various sizes regarding starting, improving, and continuing live streaming in the face of sudden changes in their ability to reach their congregations. The diffusion of innovations theory was used as a framework to understand how live streaming spread through the Protestant church and how the crisis of the pandemic accelerated that diffusion.
Fighting Religious Extremism with Faith-Based Entertainment-Education: The Portrayal of isis in Arab Drama
Authors: Damanhoury Kareem El
Published: February 2023

isis’s media projected the group’s vision of an Islamic utopia upon declaring its so-called Caliphate in 2014. In response, many counter-messaging campaigns have emerged. Although many examine isis’s media and anti-extremism interventions, very few assess faith-based initiatives in Arab countries. Integrating two bodies of scholarly literature on religious and political conversions and entertainment-education, this study explores al-Siham al-Marika, a faith-based Arab drama portraying life under isis. The study uses mixed-methods to analyze the show’s religious underpinnings, the depiction of positive/negative role models, and the portrayals of religious-political conversions. Focusing on spiritual outcomes, the show illustrates cross-cultural differences in conceptualizing rewards and punishments and uses drama to bolster the persuasive power of religious-political conversion narratives. The study concludes with a discussion on the implications of faith-based entertainment-education in combating extremism and its potential role as a catalyst for bridging the perceived schism between religion and popular culture in some Muslim societies.
The Extremes of Contemporary Violence: From a State of Paralysis to the Transformation of Trauma
Authors: Stitou Rajaa
Published: February 2023

Psychoanalysis is today faced, clinically and conceptually, with extremes of violence and forced exile, creating a need to rethink clinical work with patients whose life has been marked by disaster. In work with foreign patients, difficulty in speaking about trauma is sometimes attributed to a linguistic barrier; however, the experience of terror can in any situation whatever be expressed only with difficulty. Cultural differences must not be ignored, but the clinician must find a way to facilitate speech in a subject experiencing a state of dread. Speaking cannot be forced. Offering a presence in which the analyst accepts being the recipient of what is unbearable and recognizes the subject’s current state of chaos is essential in establishing or mobilizing transference in work with patients subject to unlinking. This can initiate a transformation of the trauma, as is shown in two clinical vignettes of refugee patients in France who were victims of terror in their countries of origin. The approach discussed here differs from the earlier ethnopsychiatric method, which would reduce these others to exotic envelopes of their culture, independent of their subjectivity.
On Revenge, Pardon, and Forgiveness
Authors: Amir Dana
Published: February 2023

Political violence has long been a focus of psychoanalytic writing. Jessica Benjamin’s concepts of the complementarity, or twoness, and that of thirdness can serve as a point of departure allowing us to challenge the dichotomy between positions of revenge and forgiveness (on the victim’s part) and positions of evil and remorse (on the perpetrator’s), and to suggest a spectrum of encounters between victims and perpetrators that includes four types of interaction: (1) between the position of extreme evil on the perpetrator’s part, and the position of revenge on the victim’s; (2) between the perpetrator’s position of banal evil, and the victim’s position of false pardon; (3) between the perpetrator’s position of guilt and atonement, and the victim’s position of full pardon; (4) between the position of remorse on the perpetrator’s part, and the position of forgiveness on the victim’s. A thorough analysis of various testimonies illustrates how these four positions manifest, with varying degrees of dominance, in every encounter (whether concrete or imagined) between victim and perpetrator.
Anti-Racist Racism: Trauma, Traumatism, Traumatophilia
Authors: Saketopoulou Avgi
Published: February 2023

A particular epistemology of trauma now wields an outsized hold over psychoanalysis. Trauma, we are trained to think, has destructive effects whose ghostly lingerings can, nevertheless, be durably turned into ancestors. But what if we got this wrong? What if trauma is not a piece of shrapnel to be removed but a cause of becoming? And what if the tenet that trauma may be worked through is but a manifestation of a disciplinary spell?

Introduction of the concept of traumatophobia invites readers to rethink the relationship of psychoanalysis to healing or repair, and to become attentive, instead, to what subjects do with trauma ( traumatophilia). Traumatophilia involves a revivification of trauma, and that is easily confused with compulsive repetition or destructiveness. Traumatophilia, however, also courts psychic energies that can be psychically transformative. For transformation to be possible, however, we need to be working with a notion of psychic life that can be transformed. Careful consideration of a controversial sexual fetish (race play) shows how belated efforts of psychoanalysis to attend to racial trauma have generated new forms of racism: treating the Black unconscious not as a transformative and dynamic force but as housing only repressed representational contents. Considering race play instead through traumatophilia allows a race player’s actions to be mined not for unconscious motives or for what past traumata, symbolized or unformulated, those motives carry, but to track their effects. Traumatophilic repetitions, it is argued, deliver traumatisms that may (or may not) be transformational. Questions of ethics are thus central to this paper’s thinking, which is grounded in queer of color critique, Black feminisms, and Laplanchean metapsychology. Because traumatophobia preserves the world order (and thus white logics), readers are urged to consider the metapsychology of traumatophilia.
Low velocity impact behavior of twill basalt/epoxy composites modified by graphene nanoparticles
Authors: Azimpour-Shishevan Farzin , Mohtadi-Bonab M.A. , Akbulut Hamit , Rahmatinejad Bahman
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticles are considered as feasible strengthening agent which strengthen different types of polymeric materials with minor reduction in the density of composites. In this study, 0.1 and 0.5 wt. % Graphene Nano Platelets (GNPs) are added to the matrix of basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites (BECs) and the effects of such addition on low velocity impact behavior are investigated. In this regard, the epoxy matrix is reinforced in macro scale by basalt fibers weaved together in 2/2 Twill pattern. Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) method is used to fabricate the pure and multi-scale BECs. The profile energy method is also used to evaluate the penetration and perforation threshold of fabricated pure and multi-scale BEC specimens. The force versus time and deflection, energy and deflection versus time curves are plotted and the key parameters of low velocity impact test including maximum force, energy and deflection are compared. According to the results, introducing of GNP nanoparticles in the matrix of BECs improves the low velocity impact behavior of these composites by increasing the contact force and decreasing the absorbed energy in rebounding state. Finally, based on the experiments, the 0.5 wt.% BEC has the best impact performance by applying 15.08 kN impact force against the applied forces of 13.78 kN and 11.208 kN for 0.1 wt.% and pure BECs.
Ambivalent allies: How inconsistent foreign support dooms new democracies
Authors: Clarke Killian
Published: February 2023

Since the Cold War ended, foreign support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating democratization. However, in certain parts of the world Western enthusiasm for democratization has been highly uneven, particularly when regime change has been achieved through nonviolent revolutionary mobilization. This article introduces the concept of ‘ambivalent allies’ and argues that ambivalence may be highly detrimental to new democracies emerging from nonviolent resistance. Ambivalent allies signal public support for a democratic transition while remaining quietly skeptical about the desirability or viability of the new regime. These misleading signals cause democratic leaders to deprioritize the maintenance of their diverse coalitions, choosing instead an exclusivist approach that alienates their domestic partners. They therefore end up doubly exposed to counterrevolutionary threats, lacking both a broad domestic support base and strong foreign backers. The article illustrates this argument through an examination of Egypt’s 2011 revolution and 2013 coup, drawing on approximately 100 interviews with Egyptian political leaders and foreign diplomats. It shows that the USA’s ambivalence toward the transition contributed to the coup by giving the elected government headed by Mohamed Morsi a false impression that it had strong foreign backing, and that it could afford to marginalize the secularist wing of the original revolutionary coalition. Egypt’s experience is then compared to two cases in which new governments survived counterrevolutionary threats: Burkina Faso in 2014 and Madagascar in 2009. The study contributes to our understanding of how international support may facilitate or undermine democratic consolidation following nonviolent revolutions.
Sources and consequences of teacher attrition in large-scale intervention impact studies
Authors: Taylor Joseph A , Hanuscin Debi , Lee Okhee , Lynch Sharon , Stuhlsatz Molly AM , Talbot Robert
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we critically examine the way in which scholars have traditionally defined and problematized attrition. Through a series of examples of large-scale intervention impact studies, we share insights about the sources and consequences of attrition that expand our notion of how and why attrition occurs. We also discuss potential steps for anticipating, mitigating, and responding to attrition in the dynamic context of schooling. By expanding our understanding of attrition, we hope to engage the field in further dialogue that could lead to policies and practices that might lessen the potential impacts not only on our ability to conduct research, but also our ability to advance the learning of teachers and their students.
Special Education Racial Inequity and the Educational Debt
Authors: Voulgarides Catherine Kramarczuk
Published: February 2023

I provide a broad frame for understanding racial disproportionality in special education by showing how the inequity is a byproduct of the educational debt. I used a single case study design that relied upon qualitative semi-structured interviews, document analyses, and school board meeting transcripts gathered from a mid-sized urban school district in the northeastern United States to show how the inequity morphed under the conditions of the pandemic and revealed its relationship to the educational debt. I end with recommendations for policy that consider the linkages between present day educational deficits, educational opportunity gaps, and the educational debt.
The Inequality of the Long Game in a City With School Choice and Changing Racial Demographics
Authors: Mann Bryan , Rogers Annah
Published: February 2023

The percentage of White residents in the urban core increased during the last three decades. Meanwhile, urban school choice policies have changed school enrollment processes. Scholars must examine how White residents navigate school choice in this context to understand why racial segregation persists. We study White parents in a city with changing demographics and system-wide school choice. We use an exit, voice, and loyalty (EVL) framework to understand White parents’ values and procedures. We find White parents weigh exit more than voice, and disloyalty is the norm. These findings suggest the enrollment ecosystem's norms perpetuate school racial segregation.
An incarcerated epigastric hernia containing stomach
Authors: Yagnik Vipul D , Dawka Sushil , Garg Pankaj , Bhattacharya Kaushik
Published: February 2023

Most epigastric hernia contains preperitoneal fat or the omentum. Intraabdominal organ herniation is rare and, if present, contains mostly small bowel. Incarcerated epigastric hernia having the stomach as content is infrequent, and only one case has been reported in the literature so far. Herein, we report a rare case of incarcerated epigastric hernia that contains the stomach and was managed with emergency hernioplasty.
Missional pilgrimage: A new framework for short-term mission
Authors: Spencer Rachel D. , Green Hannah
Published: February 2023

Pilgrimage and short-term mission have both seen a rise in popularity in recent years. Despite its popularity, the goals and expectations associated with short-term mission are often in conflict with the lived experiences of participants who both go on, and receive those doing short-term mission. The liminality and communitas described by participants in short-term mission reflect similar processes found in the practice of pilgrimage. In this article we show the multiple similarities between pilgrimage and short-term mission and suggest a new framework of “missional pilgrimage” as a way of bringing together these lived experiences with the aims of short-term mission. In doing this we do not reduce those who receive short-term mission participants to the “holy center” but rather consider them as fellow pilgrims who journey alongside those being sent in participating in the missio Dei, the mission of God in a wider sense.
Hybrid neural network control design for uncertain switched nonlinear systems with external disturbances: Application to ship maneuvering system
Authors: Bali Arun , Singh Uday Pratap , Kumar Rahul
Published: February 2023

In this work, the problem of hybrid neural network control for a class of switched uncertain nonlinear systems in strict-feedback form is considered. To approximate unknown nonlinear functions, an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA)-based hybrid neural network controller is introduced. Based on hybrid neural network approximation ability, a new hybrid neural network controller is constructed via the backstepping technique and the common Lyapunov function (CLF) is used for the stability analysis of the proposed model. The suggested method ensures that all signals in the closed-loop system are semi-global uniform ultimate bounded (SGUUB), and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of zero. Finally, the proposed scheme is applied to a ship maneuvering system and a numerical example to verify its effectiveness.
Dynamic event-triggered formation control for UAVs under communication delay and outside disturbances
Authors: Ji Mingfei , Li Tao , Liao Jiawen , Yang Xin
Published: February 2023

This work presents a dynamic event-triggered sliding mode controller to solve the problem on cooperative formation flight for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) under outside disturbances and communication delay. Initially, a second-order kinematic model for each UAV is established, and the leader-follower framework is adopted to realize the desired formation flight. Second, an effective design of disturbance observer is proposed based on that the disturbance in the UAV is generated by an external nonlinear system. Third, a new dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is presented and the triggering threshold is adjusted by an exogenous system, which can help reduce data transmissions and maintain control performance more efficiently. Then, a distributed dynamic event-triggered sliding mode control strategy is proposed for the UAV system, and two sufficient conditions on exponential stability of the overall closed-loop system are derived. Furthermore, the controller gain, observer gain, and triggering parameter can be obtained by solving the derived linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a simulated example is exploited to illustrate the obtained results.
The Death of Fordism and the Family Wage in Labor Documentaries: A Feminist Analysis
Authors: Cady Kathryn A.
Published: February 2023

This paper analyzes three labor documentaries released from 1989 to 1991, which depict the United States’ assumed transition from a Fordist to post-Fordist economy. Feminist textual analysis focuses on the depiction of workplaces and gender roles in Roger and Me, American Dream, and Fast Food Women. The analysis demonstrated that discourses of epochal change in the context only held true if one looked at a slice of the U.S. labor market largely dominated by White men. Focusing on feminine sex-typed labor demonstrated the worst elements of industrial Fordism remained in post-Fordist workplaces. Long-standing sexual divisions of labor were unambiguously repeated in post-Fordist work and intensified in a discussion of the family wage.
Untapped Potential? Exploring the ‘Latent’ Local Newspaper Reader in Digital Spaces
Authors: Hess Kristy , Blakston Angela , Lai Jerry , McAdam Alison , Waller Lisa
Published: February 2023

When it comes to understanding news audiences in rural areas, scholars often focus on declining readership and the challenge of how to encourage existing audiences to pay for content. There too has been burgeoning interest in news avoidance more broadly in digital spaces, with an emphasis on studying those who actively or intentionally resist or reject the news. This paper explores a gap in the research by seeking to understand the conditions and circumstances in which people who do not engage with their local news in print or digital format might be activated to do so. The paper presents the findings of an Australian survey of Facebook users who live in rural and regional areas and identify as people who do not engage with their local news. Findings highlight the need to conceptualise a subsection of the audience who express a desire to engage with their local news but perceive barriers to doing so. These barriers include cost, accessibility and perceived quality of content. We introduce the term ‘latent’ audience – potential news consumers who remain hidden from industry and scholarly view until changing conditions and circumstances lead to their manifestation.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes a dysfunctional dietary behavior: A German cross-sectional study
Authors: Dinse Hannah , Schweda Adam , Bäuerle Alexander , Musche Venja , Fink Madeleine , Geiger Sheila , Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin
Published: February 2023

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has been affected our daily lives, the global population has been exposed to permanent concerns and thus might suffer from the psychological burden. It is well known that psychological burdens can affect dietary behavior. Aim: The impact of a psychological burden on people, and in particular on their dietary patterns was investigated in this nationawide cross-sectional study. Methods: 7525 participants responded to the questionnaire regarding the psychological burden concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and their current dietary structure with changes in the pattern and food amount (between November 2020 and March 2021). Results: A pandemic-related dysfunction of dietary behavior was found. Some participants reported restrictive (conscious) food intake and as well impulsive food intake, which can be described as dysfunctional eating behaviors. In particular, younger persons and individuals who claimed an increased psychological burden reported dysfunctional dietary behavior. Data clearly show that psychological burdens affect an individual's dietary behavior. Conclusion: Public health strategies have to be developed to support individuals at risk to improve coping strategies. The long-term aim should be avoiding the maintenance of dysfunctional dietary behavior.
Christian Migrants and Their Living Faith in Mission: An Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Sudhiarsa Raymundus
Published: February 2023

The main problem highlighted in this essay is the challenges being faced by Christian migrants in Indonesia. They are expected to succeed in overcoming the cross-cultural problems within their Christian communities, and externally to take part in building a fellowship beyond their own groups. Indonesia's multireligious and multicultural landscape has suffered in the past few decades from the politics of identity. The Christian migrants have also been affected by this. Whilst they need support in formulating afresh their Christian identity, they also require a broader intercultural mindset. Through observations, focus group discussions and literature reviews, the paper tries to formulate the role Christian migrants can explore in their cross-cultural contexts. The basic position it takes is that the Catholic migrants (a case in this paper) are also agents of mission and that migration is to some extent a process of building bridges among diverse peoples in society. The paper argues that there is a need for the migrants to be equipped with intercultural competencies and interreligious spirituality.
Multimethod Validation of the Cinematic Self Scale as a Measure of Narrative Identity by Convergent Self and Informant Ratings
Authors: Wong Alexander , Dirghangi Shrija
Published: February 2023

According to narrative identity people understand themselves through story. However, evidence suggests people vary dispositionally in how strongly they experience narrative identity. Recently, a self-report scale called the Cinematic Self scale was constructed and validated to measure this trait variation in narrative identity. In that article, evidence across five studies supported the validity of the cinematic self scale as measuring narrative identity. A limitation of that evidence was its exclusive reliance on self-reports; this can be problematic because associations may be inflated by shared method biases. The present research builds on that limitation by using data from multiple methods: self-reports and informant reports. Do self-reported cinematic self scores correspond with informant-reported narrative behaviors? University students ( N = 127) completed the cinematic self scale and informants reported on their narrative behaviors ( N = 395). Positive, medium-sized correlations between self-reports and informant reports were found across multiple analytical approaches, controlling for personality variables. The results extend validation evidence of the cinematic self scale as a measure of narrative identity.
Let’s agree to agree: The situational academic quality of the UK REF as consensual public knowledge
Authors: Milyaeva Sveta , Neyland Daniel
Published: February 2023

The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is a UK policy tool for distributing government funding and an important indicator of the academic status of a UK university. The legitimacy of the policy comes from peers’ consensus on what academic quality is. We are interested in how the REF enables this funding distribution by determining the academic quality of a broad array of different forms of research through a single peer-review process. As they search for academic quality that is contingent to a specific epistemology and requires more time than the REF allows, how do academics agree to agree, and within constraints of a given timeframe? Interviews with REF panellists and their accounts of the process lead us to suggest that the consensus is enacted by setting up a situation: the mechanics of the REF with its practices of benchmarking, scoring, calibrating, and normalizing. This situation sets the boundaries of reviewing and, in doing so, propels peers to shift from assessment contingent on epistemic commitments to evaluation on a single scale. We argue that this shift renders academic quality distinct from scientific or epistemic quality.
Aporias at the intersection of geography and feminist science and technology studies: Critical engagements with Black studies
Authors: Liebman Alexander , Katz Liana , Marston Andrea
Published: February 2023

In this review, we read the interdisciplinary traffic across critical human geography and feminist science and technology studies (FSTS) in light of the insights and destabilizing aporias—in other words, irresolvable contradictions or logical disjunctions—emerging from Black radical and feminist study. We highlight three thematic areas that have received sustained attention and debate and that resonate across the three fields: objectivity and subjectivity, agency, and life and its excesses. Inspired by the methodological provocations of Katherine McKittrick’s Dear Science and the political demands of multiple intellectual currents within Black studies, we venture a modest upending of the form of the review itself. Rather than seek to delineate and codify contributions to a scholarly debate, we point to troubled assumptions and potential openings for those working at the intersection of critical human geography, FSTS, and Black studies.
Context and Expectations Matter: Social, Recreational, and Independent Functioning among Youth with Psychosis in Chennai, India and Montreal, Canada
Authors: Iyer Srividya N. , Rangaswamy Thara , Mustafa Sally , Pawliuk Nicole , Mohan Greeshma , Joober Ridha , Schmitz Norbert , Margolese Howard , Padmavati Ramachandran , Malla Ashok
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Most cross-cultural psychosis research has focused on a limited number of outcomes (generally symptom-related) and perspectives (often clinician-/observer-rated). It is unknown if the purported superior outcomes for psychosis in some low- and middle-income countries extend to patient-reported measures of social, recreational, and independent functioning. Addressing this gap, this study aimed to compare these outcomes in first-episode psychosis at a high-income site and a lower middle-income site.

Methods

Patients receiving similarly designed early intervention for psychosis in Chennai, India ( N = 164) and Montreal, Canada ( N = 140) completed the self-reported Social Functioning Scale-Early Intervention, which measures prosocial, recreation, and independence-performance functioning. Their case managers rated expected independence-performance functioning. Both sets of assessments were done at entry and Months 6, 18, and 24. Linear mixed model analyses of differences between sites and over time were conducted, accounting for other pertinent variables, especially negative symptoms.

Results

Linear mixed models showed that prosocial, recreation, and independence-performance functioning scores were significantly higher in Montreal than Chennai and did not change over time. Expected independence-performance was also higher in Montreal and increased over time. Negative symptoms and education independently predicted prosocial, recreation, and expected independence-performance functioning. When added to the model, expected independence-performance predicted actual independence-performance and site was no longer significant. At both sites, prosocial and recreation scores were consistently lower (<40%) than independence-performance (40–65%).

Conclusion

This is the first cross-cultural investigation of prosocial, recreation, and independent functioning in early psychosis. It demonstrates that these outcomes differ by socio-cultural context. Differing levels of expectations about patients, themselves shaped by cultural, illness, and social determinants, may contribute to cross-cultural variations in functional outcomes. At both sites, social, recreational, and independent functioning were in the low-to-moderate range and there was no improvement over time, underscoring the need for effective interventions specifically designed to impact these outcomes.
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: A Caregiver Assessment of Disease Impact
Authors: Moore Katrina M , Wolf Nicole I. , Hobson Grace , Bowyer Kristina , McSherry Jordan , Hartin Gail , Wilde Claire , Shapiro Stacey , Frank Jason , Manley David , Junge Candice
Published: February 2023

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is a rare X-linked leukodystrophy accompanied by central nervous system hypomyelination with a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. This is the first survey of caregivers of individuals with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease to investigate the presenting symptoms, path to diagnosis, identity and impact of most bothersome symptoms, and needs that future treatment should address. One hundred participants completed the survey. Results from this survey demonstrate that the majority of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease symptoms manifest before 2 years of age and commonly include deficits in gross and fine motor skills, speech, and communication. Caregivers rated difficulty crawling, standing, or walking as the most bothersome symptoms due to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, with constipation and difficulty with sleep, manual dexterity, and speech and communication rated nearly as high. The most important treatment goals for caregivers were improved mobility and communication. The survey findings present a caregiver perspective of the impact of symptoms in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and provide helpful guidance to affected families, physicians, and drug developers on the often-long path to diagnosis and the unmet medical needs of this patient population.
Racial Disparities in Documented Chief Complaints and Diagnoses in Sepsis Patients
Authors: Liu Helen , McCroskery Stephen , Rajasekaran Vignesh , Linker Anne S , Poeran Jashvant , Truong Tuyet-Trinh
Published: February 2023

Background

Using History and Physical Examination (H&P) notes, we investigated potential racial differences in documented chief complaints and problems among sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods

Patient records from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) dataset indicating a diagnosis of sepsis were included. First recorded clinical notes for each hospital admission were assessed; free text information was specifically extracted on (1) chief complaints, and (2) problems recorded in the Assessment & Plan (A&P) section. The top 10 for each were compared between Black and White patients.

Results

In initial H&P notes of 17 434 sepsis patients (n = 1229 Black and n = 9806 White), the top 10 most common chief complaints were somewhat similar between Black and White patients. However, relative differences existed in terms of ranking, specifically for altered mental status which was more commonly reported in Black versus White patients (11.7% vs 7.8% P < .001). Among text in the A&P, sepsis was documented significantly less frequently among Black versus White patients: 11.8% versus 14.3%, P = .001. Racial differences were not detected in vital signs and laboratory values.

Conclusions

This analysis supports the hypothesis that there may be racial differences in early sepsis presentation and possible provider interpretation of these complaints.
Sensory modality as a linguistic sign of the ‘divided self’ in John Banville’s novels
Authors: Stoyanova Antonia
Published: February 2023

As one of the master stylists of our time, John Banville has honed his own unique style of writing. The typical Banville novel is a first-person confessional narrative of an aging male character troubled by his painful memories of failure and loss. In a struggle to cope with their traumatic life experiences, Banville’s protagonists attempt to find answers to haunting existential questions and rediscover their identities in the face of emotional fragmentation. This sense of dislocation and displacement thus emerges as a major theme of Banville’s fiction and his works generally revolve around the internal conflicts of a ‘divided self’. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the language of the novels reflects the inner split of the characters and what linguistic mechanisms Banville exploits to create the ‘divided self’ effect. This article examines a particular linguistic structure used as a pervasive narrative feature: sensory modality. I will more specifically explore sensory modality patterns with co-referential subject and object pronouns (referred here as ‘special effects’) analyzing them in the light of Systemic Functional Grammar as mental transitivity processes and will demonstrate how they constitute a powerful stylistic tool for constructing the image of the divided personality and for conveying self-disunity in retrospective novels.
Review of the current and potential use of biological and molecular methods for the estimation of the postmortem interval in animals and humans
Authors: Wenzlow Nanny , Mills DeEtta , Byrd Jason , Warren Mike , Long Maureen T.
Published: February 2023

We provide here an overview of the state of applied techniques in the estimation of the early period of the postmortem interval (PMI). The biological methods included consist of body cooling, CSF potassium, body cooling combined with CSF potassium, and tissue autolysis. For each method, we present its application in human and veterinary medicine and provide current methodology, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as target areas for improvement. We examine current and future molecular methods as they pertain to DNA and primarily to messenger RNA degradation for the estimation of the PMI, as well as the use of RNA in aging wounds, aging blood stains, and the identification of body fluids. Various types of RNA have different lengths, structures, and functions in cells. These differences in RNAs determine various intrinsic properties, such as their half-lives in cells, and, hence, their decay rate as well as their unique use for specific forensic tests. Future applications and refinements of RNA-based techniques provide opportunities for the use of molecular methods in the estimation of PMI and other general forensic applications.
Assessment of serum glutamate dehydrogenase activity and comparison to serum alanine aminotransferase activity in cats with increased blood total T4 concentration
Authors: Papakonstantinou Stratos
Published: February 2023

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), a key enzyme in amino acid oxidation and urea production, is mainly derived from the liver and its activity may increase with hepatocellular necrosis. Feline hyperthyroidism is associated with elevated serum activities of various enzymes, but the pattern of serum GLDH activity has not been reported, to our knowledge. Feline clinical biochemistry results from 2 commercial diagnostic laboratories were reviewed retrospectively to assess changes in serum GLDH activity in cats with significantly elevated serum total T4 concentrations, which is highly suggestive of hyperthyroidism. A total of 2,773 records were analyzed, of which 2,370 (85%) had normal total T4 (≤50 nmol/L) and 403 (15%) had increased total T4 (≥60 nmol/L) concentrations. Among cats with an increased total T4 concentration, 26.5% had increased serum GLDH activity. All cats with increased GLDH activity also had increased serum ALT activity. In 42.9% of cats, ALT activity was increased, but GLDH activity was normal. In 30.5% of cats, both serum GLDH and ALT activities were within RIs. The fold-increase of GLDH activity was almost half of the ALT fold-increase. Although serum GLDH activity increased in some cats with hyperthyroidism, serum ALT activity increased more frequently and to a greater extent.