bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active summers matter: Evaluation of a community‐based summertime program targeting obesogenic behaviors of low‐income, ethnic minority girls
Authors: Bohnert Amy M. , Ward Amanda K. , Burdette Kimberly A. , Silton Rebecca L. , Dugas Lara R.
Published: December 2014

Low‐income minority females are disproportionately affected by obesity. The relevance of summer months to weight gain is often overlooked. Some evidence suggests that summer programming, such as day camps, may offer increased opportunities for structured physical activities resulting in less weight gain. This study examined the effectiveness of Girls in the Game, a six‐hour four‐week sports and fitness summer camp program, in increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing body mass index and media use. Statistically significant increases were observed in four physical activity measures including total PA, MVPA, average number of ten‐minute bouts of MVPA, and minutes participants spent in bouts of at least ten minutes of MVPA. This chapter highlights the importance of investigating the potential relationships among weight, physical activity, sedentary time, media use, and participation in summer camp programming.
Synthesis, Structures and Properties of a Fourth Modification of [Cd(NCS)2(pyridine)2]n
Authors: Neumann Tristan , Jess Inke , Näther Christian
Published: December 2014

Reaction of Cd(NCS)2 with pyridine in water accidently lead to the formation of crystals of a fourth modification of [Cd(NCS)2(pyridine)2]n, which most likely corresponds to form I reported by Taniguchi et al. but which was not structurally characterized by these authors. This modification crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 10.6032(3) Å, b = 15.8676(5) Å, c = 26.2795(8), b = 96.001(2) °and V = 4397.2(2) Å3. The structure of this compound is very similar to that of form III reported recently, in which the Cd cations are octahedrally coordinated by two pyridine ligands and four thiocyanato anions. The cations are linked by pairs of anionic ligands into chains, in which the thiocyanato anions are always trans‐coordinated. Further investigations show that larger amounts of pure form I cannot be prepared because it is always contaminated with form II, in which the thiocyanato anions are cis‐coordinated. Solvent mediated conversion experiments using mixtures of the trans‐modifications I and III as well as the cis‐modification II prove that form III disappears first and therefore, is less stable than the second trans‐modification I. IR and Raman spectroscopic investigations show, that all forms cannot be distinguished from each other using these methods.
Reasons for cannabis use in first-episode psychosis: Does strength of endorsement change over 12 months?
Authors: Kolliakou A. , Castle D. , Sallis H. , Joseph C. , O’Connor J. , Wiffen B. , Gayer-Anderson C. , McQueen G. , Taylor H. , Bonaccorso S. , Gaughran F. , Smith S. , Greenwood K. , Murray R.M. , Di Forti M. , Atakan Z. , Ismail K.
Published: December 2014

Background:

Why patients with psychosis use cannabis remains debated. The self-medication hypothesis has received some support but other evidence points towards an alleviation of dysphoria model. This study investigated the reasons for cannabis use in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and whether strength in their endorsement changed over time.

Methods:

FEP inpatients and outpatients at the South London and Maudsley, Oxleas and Sussex NHS Trusts UK, who used cannabis, rated their motives at baseline (n= 69), 3 months (n= 29) and 12 months (n= 36). A random intercept model was used to test the change in strength of endorsement over the 12 months. Paired-samplet-tests assessed the differences in mean scores between the five subscales on the Reasons for Use Scale (enhancement, social motive, coping with unpleasant affect, conformity and acceptance and relief of positive symptoms and side effects), at each time-point.

Results:

Time had a significant effect on scores when controlling for reason; average scores on each subscale were higher at baseline than at 3 months and 12 months. At each time-point, patients endorsed ‘enhancement’ followed by ‘coping with unpleasant affect’ and ‘social motive’ more highly for their cannabis use than any other reason. ‘Conformity and acceptance’ followed closely. ‘Relief of positive symptoms and side effects’ was the least endorsed motive.

Conclusions:

Patients endorsed their reasons for use at 3 months and 12 months less strongly than at baseline. Little support for the self-medication or alleviation of dysphoria models was found. Rather, patients rated ‘enhancement’ most highly for their cannabis use.
What are depressive symptoms in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder?
Authors: Schennach R. , Riedel M. , Obermeier M. , Seemüller F. , Jäger M. , Schmauss M. , Laux G. , Pfeiffer H. , Naber D. , Schmidt L.G. , Gaebel W. , Klosterkötter J. , Heuser I. , Maier W. , Lemke M.R. , Rüther E. , Klingberg S. , Gastpar M. , Möller H.-J.
Published: December 2014

Background:

Aim was to examine depressive symptoms in acutely ill schizophrenia patients on a single symptom basis and to evaluate their relationship with positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms.

Methods:

Two hundred and seventy-eight patients suffering from a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were analysed within a naturalistic study by the German Research Network on Schizophrenia. Using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) depressive symptoms were examined and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess positive, negative and general symptoms. Correlation and factor analyses were calculated to detect the underlying structure and relationship of the patient’s symptoms.

Results:

The most prevalent depressive symptoms identified were depressed mood (80%), observed depression (62%) and hopelessness (54%). Thirty-nine percent of the patients suffered from depressive symptoms when applying the recommended cut-off of a CDSS total score of > 6 points at admission. Negligible correlations were found between depressive and positive symptoms as well as most PANSS negative and global symptoms despite items on depression, guilt and social withdrawal. The factor analysis revealed that the factor loading with the PANSS negative items accounted for most of the data variance followed by a factor with positive symptoms and three depression-associated factors.

Limitations:

The naturalistic study design does not allow a sufficient control of study results for the effect of different pharmacological treatments possibly influencing the appearance of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that depressive symptoms measured with the CDSS are a discrete symptom domain with only partial overlap with positive or negative symptoms.
Gut Check: Clostridium difficile Testing and Treatment in the Molecular Testing Era
Authors: Buckel Whitney R. , Avdic Edina , Carroll Karen C. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Hadhazy Eric , Cosgrove Sara E.
Published: December 2014

We evaluated the impact of nursing education and stewardship interventions on Clostridium difficile testing and treatment appropriateness. Diarrhea documentation increased for those with positive tests (45% to 70%); pretreatment laxative use decreased (50% to 19%). Appropriate treatment increased for severe infection (57% to 93%), but all asymptomatically colonized patients were treated.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–5
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in Pediatrics: An Opportunity to Expand Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Knackstedt Elizabeth D. , Stockmann Chris , Davis Carly R. , Thorell Emily A. , Pavia Andrew T. , Hersh Adam L.
Published: December 2014

We reviewed patient discharges with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) to determine whether outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy was modifiable or unnecessary at a large tertiary care children’s hospital. At least one modification definitely or possibly would have been recommended for 78% of episodes. For more than 40% of episodes, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy was potentially not indicated.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–3
Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Prediction Rules for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Hospitals
Authors: Gonçalves Berenice das Dores , Lambert Passos Sonia Regina , Borges dos Santos Maria Angelica , de Andrade Carlos Augusto Ferreira , Moreira Martins Maria de Fátima , de Queiroz Mello Fernanda Carvalho
Published: December 2014

Objective

To systematically review studies evaluating clinical prediction rules (CPRs) for adult inpatients suspected to have pulmonary tuberculosis.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analyses.

Setting

Hospitals.

Patients

Inpatients at least 15 years of age admitted to acute care.

Methods

A search was conducted in 5 indexed electronic databases with no language or year of publication restrictions. We performed a meta-analysis for those CPRs with at least 2 validation studies. Results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Results

Of the 461 abstracts selected, 36 articles were fully analyzed and 11 articles were included, yielding 8 CPRs derived in 4 countries. Broad validation studies were identified for 2 CPRs. The most frequent clinical predictors were fever and weight loss. All CPRs included chest imaging signs. Most CPRs were derived in countries with a low prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and included homeless, immigrants, and those who reacted to the purified protein derivative test. Both of the CPRs derived in countries with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis strongly relied on chest radiograph predictors. Accuracy of the different CPRs was high (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79–0.91). Meta-analysis of 4 validation studies for Wisnivesky´s CPR indicates optimistic pooled results: sensitivity, 94.1% (95% CI, 89.7%–96.7%); negative likelihood ratio, 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12–0.40).

Conclusion

On the basis of a critical appraisal of the 2 best validated CPRs, the presence of weight loss and/or fever in inpatients warrants obtaining a chest radiograph, regardless of the presence of productive cough. If the chest radiograph is abnormal, the patient should be placed in isolation until more specific test results are available. Validation in different settings is required to maximize external generalization of existing CPRs.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–10
Efficacy of Alcohol Gel for Removal of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Hands of Colonized Patients
Authors: Sunkesula Venkata , Kundrapu Sirisha , Macinga David R. , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: December 2014

Of 82 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, 67 (82%) had positive hand cultures for MRSA. A single application of alcohol gel (2 mL) consistently reduced the burden of MRSA on hands. However, incomplete removal of MRSA was common, particularly in those with a high baseline level of recovery.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–3
Development and evaluation of an educational intervention in youth mental health for primary care practitioners
Authors: Birrane J. , Swan D. , Aherne D. , Davis R. , Hannigan A. , McPhillips D. , Meagher D. , O’Regan A. , Ryan P. , Schaffalitzky E. , Cullen W.
Published: December 2014

Objectives

Irish adolescents have one of the highest rates of suicide and self-harm in the European Union. Although primary care has been identified as an opportune environment in which to detect and treat mental health problems in adolescents, lack of training among primary care professionals (PCPs) is a barrier to optimum identification and treatment. We describe the development and evaluation of an educational intervention on youth mental health and substance misuse for PCPs.

Methods

Thirty general practitioners and other PCPs working in the Mid-West region participated in an educational session on youth-friendly consultations, and identification and treatment of mental ill-health and substance use. Learning objectives were addressed through a presentation, video demonstration, small group discussions, role play, question-and-answer sessions with clinical experts, and an information pack. Following the session, participants completed an evaluation form assessing knowledge gain and usefulness of different components of the session.

Results

A total of 71% of participants were involved in the provision of care to young people and 55% had no previous training in youth mental health or substance abuse. Participants rated knowledge gains as highest with regard to understanding the importance of early intervention, and primary care, in youth mental health. The components rated as most useful were case studies/small group discussion, the ‘question-and-answer session’ with clinical experts, and peer interaction.

Conclusions

The educational session outlined in this pilot was feasible and acceptable and may represent an effective way to train professionals to help tackle the current crisis in youth mental health.
Delivering recovery focused mental health care in Ireland: implications for services and practice development
Authors: Shah S. A. , Nolan M. , Ryan M. , Williams J. , Fannon D.
Published: December 2014

Introduction

The recovery approach provides a key organising principle underlying mental health policy throughout the English speaking world with endorsement by agencies such as the World Health Organisation. In Ireland, personal recovery is one of the quality markers identified by users of mental health services and has become central to national mental health policy.

Aim and objective

The aim of this study was to explore the implications for mental health services and professional practice arising from a structured investigation of what personal recovery means for people using specialist mental health services and the extent to which services support their individual recovery.

Method

Ten service user participants in a service initiative were assessed using a novel measure based on an empirically based conceptual framework of recovery. The INSPIRE determines the level of recovery promoting support received from mental health staff and the quality of the supportive relationship as perceived by individual service users.

Results

A consistent pattern of beliefs about recovery in keeping with national guidelines and the international literature was apparent. All respondents indicated that support by other people was an important part of their recovery with high levels of support received from mental health professionals. There was less consistent endorsement of the quality of relationships with professionals and recovery-oriented practice as perceived by participants.

Conclusion

The findings are highly relevant to the development of recovery focused, clinically excellent services. Further work is needed to improve the process of translating recovery guidance into mental health practice.
The motion of a 2D pendulum in a channel subjected to an incoming flow
Authors: Fani Andrea , Gallaire François
Published: December 2014

The flow around a tethered cylinder subjected to an incoming flow transverse to its main axis and confined in a channel is investigated by means of global stability analysis of the full coupled body–fluid problem. When the cylinder is strongly confined (ratio of cylinder diameter to cell height,$D/H=0.66$) we retrieve the confinement-induced instability (CIV) discovered by Seminet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 690, 2011, pp. 345–365), which sets in at a Reynolds number below the vortex-induced vibration threshold. For a moderately confined case ($D/H=0.3$), a new steady static instability is discovered, referred to as confinement-induced divergence (CID). This instability saturates into an asymmetric steady solution through a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. In addition, the CIV and CID instabilities are studied via a reduced model obtained by considering a quasi-static response of the fluid, allowing for tracing back the physical mechanisms responsible for the instabilities.
Involvement of TRPV1 channels in the periaqueductal grey on the modulation of innate fear responses
Authors: Aguiar Daniele C. , Almeida-Santos Ana F. , Moreira Fabricio A. , Guimarães Francisco S.
Published: December 2014

Objectives

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) is expressed in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG), a region of the brain related to aversive responses. TRPV1 antagonism in the dorsolateral PAG (dlPAG) induces anxiolytic-like effects in models based on conflict situations. No study, however, has investigated whether these receptors could contribute to fear responses to proximal threat. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 in the PAG could mediate fear response in rats exposed to a predator.

Methods

We verified whether exposure to a live cat (a natural predator) would activate TRPV1-expressing neurons in the PAG. Double-staining immunohistochemistry was used as a technique to detect c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and TRPV1 expression. We also investigated whether intra-dlPAG injections of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ), would attenuate the behavioural consequences of predator exposure.

Results

Exposure to a cat increased c-Fos expression in TRPV1-positive neurons, mainly in the dorsal columns of the PAG, suggesting that TRPV1-expressing neurons are activated by threatening stimuli. Accordingly, local injection of CPZ inhibited the fear responses.

Conclusion

These data support the hypothesis that TRPV1 channels mediate fear reactions in the dlPAG. This may have an implication for the development of TRPV1-antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders.
QUASI-RANDOM PROFINITE GROUPS
Authors: BARDESTANI MOHAMMAD , MALLAHI-KARAI KEIVAN
Published: December 2014

Inspired by Gowers' seminal paper (W. T. Gowers,Comb. Probab. Comput.17(3) (2008), 363–387, we will investigate quasi-randomness for profinite groups. We will obtain bounds for the minimal degree of non-trivial representations of SLk(ℤ/(pnℤ)) and Sp2k(ℤ/(pnℤ)). Our method also delivers a lower bound for the minimal degree of a faithful representation of these groups. Using the suitable machinery from functional analysis, we establish exponential lower and upper bounds for the supremal measure of a product-free measurable subset of the profinite groups SLk(ℤp) and Sp2k(ℤp). We also obtain analogous bounds for a special subgroup of the automorphism group of a regular tree.
ON THE 2-NILPOTENT MULTIPLIER OF FINITEp-GROUPS
Authors: NIROOMAND PEYMAN , PARVIZI MOHSEN
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this paper is a further investigation on the 2-nilpotent multiplier,$\mathcal{M}$(2)(G), whenGis a non-abelianp-group. Furthermore, takingGin the class of extra-specialp-groups, we will get the explicit structure of$\mathcal{M}$(2)(G) and will classify 2-capable groups in that class.
KILLING FRAMES AND S-CURVATURE OF HOMOGENEOUS FINSLER SPACES
Authors: XU MING , DENG SHAOQIANG
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we first deduce a formula of S-curvature of homogeneous Finsler spaces in terms of Killing vector fields. Then we prove that a homogeneous Finsler space has isotropic S-curvature if and only if it has vanishing S-curvature. In the special case that the homogeneous Finsler space is a Randers space, we give an explicit formula which coincides with the previous formula obtained by the second author using other methods.
Corpus-based approaches to language description for specialized academic writing
Authors: Flowerdew John
Published: December 2014

Language description is a fundamental requirement for second language (L2) syllabus design. The greatest advances in language description in recent decades have been done with the help of electronic corpora. Such language description is the theme of this article. The article first introduces some basic concepts and principles in corpus research. It then reviews some recent corpus studies of relevance to the teaching of English for specific purposes (ESP) writing. The speech focuses on four different types of corpora: expert professional corpora, expert student corpora, L2 learner corpora, and lingua franca corpora. It also discusses application of the corpus approach, including indirect applications and direct applications. In a final section, it presents some caveats of the corpus approach for future language teaching research.
Judgment and Interpretation Tasks in Second Language Research
Authors: Ionin Tania , Zyzik Eve
Published: December 2014

This article provides an overview of recent studies in second language acquisition that use tasks that elicit learners' judgments about the grammaticality of language or learners' interpretation of language. We discuss acceptability judgment tasks, preference tasks, truth-value judgment tasks, and other types of interpretation tasks. For each task type, recent studies that use that task are briefly summarized, with a focus on advantages and disadvantages of the methodology in relation to the study's objectives. A variety of topics related to task administration are covered, including (but not limited to) different types of rating scales; presentation of target sentences in isolation versus in the context of other sentences, stories, and/or pictures; visual versus auditory modality of presentation; and timed versus untimed tasks.
fMRI Research on the Bilingual Brain
Authors: Sabourin Laura
Published: December 2014

In this article, I review the use of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to investigate the bilingual brain. Specifically, this review will discuss the types of research questions that can be (and have been) answered using this specific methodology, as well as questions this technique cannot answer. The review will then focus on providing a recent overview of fMRI studies of the bilingual mental lexicon, bilingual sentence processing, and the bilingual advantage in cognitive control. The pros and cons of this technique will be discussed in detail. This review will end with a discussion of the state of the art in the field of bilingual brain research and will provide avenues for future research directions to continue investigating the bilingual brain.
Testing Hypotheses about Language Learning Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Winke Paula
Published: December 2014

In this chapter, I review a statistical method for hypothesis or theory testing calledstructural equation modeling(SEM). First, I describe what a model of second language acquisition (SLA) is. I do this so anyone, even those new to the field of applied linguistics, can understand the basic concepts underlying SEM; that is, SEM researchers first articulate a model of SLA, then get empirical data from the real world that operationalize the variables in the model. Researchers use an SEM program to test the model on the data (to see if the model fits the data; if the model is plausible in relation to the learning context of the people from whom the data were collected). After explaining the basics of SEM, I provide a review of 39 applied linguistics studies that have been published in the last five years (between 2008 and 2013) and that present at least one SEM analysis as part of the results. I discuss four problematic areas related to the use of SEM that I believe these 39 studies highlighted: (a) sample size, (b) model presentation, (c) reliability, and (d) the number of Likert-scale points. I conclude with possible solutions for the four problem areas and outline future directions.
Toward a reference material for line profile analysis
Authors: Troian Andrea , Rebuffi Luca , Leoni Matteo , Scardi Paolo
Published: December 2014

A powder obtained by ball milling a commercial FeMo alloy has been identified and investigated as possible reference material for powder diffraction line profile analysis. Ball milling yields micrometer-scale agglomerate particles made of rounded nanocrystalline domains with extensive lattice defects, so as to produce both size and strain contributions to the line profiles. The capability of a modern whole-powder pattern modeling to accurately quantify those aspects and the stability of the powder over a decade are shown and discussed.
Evidence for increasing severity of community-onset boils and abscesses in UK General Practice
Authors: SHALLCROSS L. J. , HAYWARD A. C. , JOHNSON A. M. , PETERSEN I.
Published: December 2014

In England, hospital admissions for severe staphylococcal boils and abscesses trebled between 1989 and 2004. We investigated this trend using routine data from primary and secondary care. We used The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a large primary-care database and national data on hospital admissions from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Time trends in the incidence of primary-care consultations for boils and abscesses were estimated for 1995–2010. HES data were used to calculate age-standardized hospital admission rates for boils, abscesses and cellulitis. The incidence of boil or abscess was 450 [95% confidence interval (CI) 447–452] per 100 000 person-years and increased slightly over the study period (incidence rate ratio 1·005, 95% CI 1·004–1·007). The rate of repeat consultation for a boil or abscess increased from 66 (95% CI 59–73) per 100 000 person-years in 1995 to peak at 97 (95% CI 94–101) per 100 000 person-years in 2006, remaining stable thereafter. Hospital admissions for abscesses, carbuncles, furuncles and cellulitis almost doubled, from 123 admissions per 100 000 in 1998/1999 to 236 admissions per 100 000 in 2010/2011. Rising hospitalization and recurrence rates set against a background of stable community incidence suggests increased disease severity. Patients may be experiencing more severe and recurrent staphylococcal skin disease with limited treatment options.
Acute ischaemic heart block in hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Burkett Dale A. , Wilson Neil , Mitchell Max B. , Younoszai Adel K.
Published: December 2014

In hypoplastic left heart syndrome, thrombosis of the native ascending aorta is rare and often fatal; there are no previously reported cases presenting with acute heart block. We review a case of native ascending aorta thrombosis in a 2-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, presenting with acute heart block. This case highlights the benefit of multi-modality imaging in complex cases.
No Global Demos, No Global Democracy? A Systematization and Critique
Authors: Valentini Laura
Published: December 2014

A globalized world, some argue, needs a global democracy. But there is considerable disagreement about whether global democracy is an ideal worth pursuing. One of the main grounds for scepticism is captured by the slogan: “No global demos, no global democracy.” The fact that a key precondition of democracy—a demos—is absent at the global level, some argue, speaks against the pursuit of global democracy. I discuss four interpretations of the skeptical slogan—each based on a specific account of the notion of “the demos”—and conclude that none of them establishes that the global democratic ideal must be abandoned. In so doing, I systematize different types of objections against global democracy, thus bringing some clarity to an otherwise intricate debate, and offer arobust but qualifieddefense of the global democratic ideal.
Storytelling, Safeguarding, Treatment, and Responsibility: attributes of recovery in psychiatric intensive care units
Authors: Gwinner Karleen , Ward Louise
Published: December 2014

Background and aim

In recent years, policy in Australia has endorsed recovery-oriented mental health services underpinned by the needs, rights and values of people with lived experience of mental illness. This paper critically reviews the idea of recovery as understood by nurses at the frontline of services for people experiencing acute psychiatric distress.

Method

Data gathered from focus groups held with nurses from two hospitals were used to ascertain their use of terminology, understanding of attributes and current practices that support recovery for people experiencing acute psychiatric distress. A review of literature further examined current nurse-based evidence and nurse knowledge of recovery approaches specific to psychiatric intensive care settings.

Results

Four defining attributes of recovery based on nurses’ perspectives are shared to identify and describe strategies that may help underpin recovery specific to psychiatric intensive care settings.

Conclusion

The four attributes described in this paper provide a pragmatic framework with which nurses can reinforce their clinical decision-making and negotiate the dynamic and often incongruous challenges they experience to embed recovery-oriented culture in acute psychiatric settings.
Reactive impedance surface-based broadband circularly polarized Koch fractal boundary microstrip antenna
Authors: Reddy V. V. , Sarma N.V.S.N.
Published: December 2014

A circularly polarized (CP) broadband antenna is proposed for wireless applications in the range of 2–3 GHz frequency. It consists of asymmetrical Koch fractal boundary patch over a reactive impedance surface (RIS) substrate. The simulations of single-layer Koch fractal antenna, dual layer with square and fractal RIS elements are carried out in a systematic way for broadband CP radiation and corresponding results are presented. For better CP characteristics, properties of fractal curves and dimensions of RIS elements are optimized. The antenna with fractal RIS iteration order one (iteration1) is experimentally studied. The 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 50.35%, whereas 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 7.45%, which indicate that by applying fractals concept to RIS technique, with a single probe feed, broadband CP radiation can be obtained.
Jealousy and Violence in Dating Relationships: Gender-Related Differences among a Spanish Sample
Authors: Sebastián Julia , Verdugo Alba , Ortiz Beatriz
Published: December 2014

The present study analyzes violent behavior (psychological, physical, and sexual violence) that may occur in dating relationships. Data was collected from couples of adolescents and young adults in a sample of 579 students from the region of Madrid, consisting of 319 females and 260 males aged between 12 and 22 years. A novel aspect of this study compared with the great majority of published studies is analysis of a) the frequency of violent behaviors (and not only their presence or absence) to study significant mean differences and b) potential gender and age related differences in the patterns of violence. Results indicate the high prevalence of violence in Spanish dating relationships. Specifically, females carry out more mild physical (p < .001) and psychological violence (p < .05), whereas males perpetrate more sexual violence (p < .001). However, with regard to victimization, no significant gender related differences in frequency were found between boys and girls in any type of violence. With regard to age, young adolescents perform (p < .05) and suffer (p < .01) significantly more jealous behavior, whereas the young adults of our sample commit and suffer more sexual violence (p < .05). Directions for future research are outlined, mainly concerning instruments used that ought to be more sensitive to the reality being measured.
Assessment of lipidomic species in hepatocyte lipid droplets from stressed mouse models
Authors: Hartler Jürgen , Köfeler Harald C , Trötzmüller Martin , Thallinger Gerhard G , Spener Friedrich
Published: December 2014

Lipid droplets are considered to be the hub for storage and metabolism of cellular lipids. In previous work we have phenotyped the lipidome of murine hepatocyte lipid droplets using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) plus integrated MS/MS, followed by automatic analysis of the MS data. The organelles were isolated after intervention studies involving nutritional stress (extended feeding of a high fat diet or short term fasting), genetic stress due to knock-out of adipocyte triglyceride lipase, or by combined application of nutritional and genetic stress together (‘super stress’). Lipidomics at the level of lipid species (profiling of lipid classes) and lipid molecular species (structural analysis in parallel) has unraveled clear lipid droplet phenotypes as judged by patterns seen best in triacylglycerol (TG) lipidomes, but also in diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine lipidomes. The combined view of these data presented here validates the methods used and provides high quality lipidomic data for further bioinformatic inspections. Examples are given for identification of TG species subsets considered surrogates for whole TG lipidomes.
Electromyography data for non-invasive naturally-controlled robotic hand prostheses
Authors: Atzori Manfredo , Gijsberts Arjan , Castellini Claudio , Caputo Barbara , Hager Anne-Gabrielle Mittaz , Elsig Simone , Giatsidis Giorgio , Bassetto Franco , Müller Henning
Published: December 2014

Recent advances in rehabilitation robotics suggest that it may be possible for hand-amputated subjects to recover at least a significant part of the lost hand functionality. The control of robotic prosthetic hands using non-invasive techniques is still a challenge in real life: myoelectric prostheses give limited control capabilities, the control is often unnatural and must be learned through long training times. Meanwhile, scientific literature results are promising but they are still far from fulfilling real-life needs. This work aims to close this gap by allowing worldwide research groups to develop and test movement recognition and force control algorithms on a benchmark scientific database. The database is targeted at studying the relationship between surface electromyography, hand kinematics and hand forces, with the final goal of developing non-invasive, naturally controlled, robotic hand prostheses. The validation section verifies that the data are similar to data acquired in real-life conditions, and that recognition of different hand tasks by applying state-of-the-art signal features and machine-learning algorithms is possible.
A high-throughput screening method for determining the substrate scope of nitrilases
Authors: Black Gary W. , Brown Nicola L. , Perry Justin J. B. , Randall P. David , Turnbull Graeme , Zhang Meng
Published: December 2014

We have developed a chromogenic reagent to show nitrilase activity and demonstrate its use with 23 enzymes as cell-free extracts.
On the antibacterial mechanism of graphene oxide (GO) Langmuir–Blodgett films
Authors: Mangadlao J. D. , Santos C. M. , Felipe M. J. L. , de Leon A. C. C. , Rodrigues D. F. , Advincula R. C.
Published: December 2014

The Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique was used to immobilize flat graphene oxide (GO) sheets on a PET substrate to ascertain as to whether the edges of GO play an integral part in its antimicrobial mechanism. The observed antibacterial activity suggests that contact with the edges is not a fundamental part of the mechanism.
Ratiometric ECL of heterodinuclear Os–Ru dual-emission labels
Authors: Sun Shiguo , Sun Wei , Mu Daozhou , Jiang Na , Peng Xiaojun
Published: December 2014

The first ratiometric ECL of heterodinuclear Os–Ru dual-emission labels.
A long-life Na–air battery based on a soluble NaI catalyst
Authors: Yin Wen-Wen , Shadike Zulipiya , Yang Yin , Ding Fei , Sang Lin , Li Hong , Fu Zheng-Wen
Published: December 2014

A Na–air battery with NaI dissolved in a typical organic electrolyte can run up to 150 cycles.
An easy-to-detect nona-arginine peptide for epidermal targeting
Authors: Clède Sylvain , Delsuc Nicolas , Laugel Cécile , Lambert François , Sandt Christophe , Baillet-Guffroy Arlette , Policar Clotilde
Published: December 2014

A nona-arginine peptide conjugated with a Re-tricarbonyl IR and fluorescent probe (SCoMPI) accumulates at the epidermis without reaching the dermis.
Thermoresponsive self-assembled cyclodextrin-end-decorated PNIPAM for aqueous catalysis
Authors: Potier J. , Menuel S. , Lyskawa J. , Fournier D. , Stoffelbach F. , Monflier E. , Woisel P. , Hapiot F.
Published: December 2014

The catalytic performance of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) functionalized at the terminal position with randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin was demonstrated by the aqueous Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of higher olefins.
A click chemistry approach to site-specific immobilization of a small laccase enables efficient direct electron transfer in a biocathode
Authors: Guan Dongli , Kurra Yadagiri , Liu Wenshe , Chen Zhilei
Published: December 2014

Controlled orientation of a small laccase on a multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode was achieved via copper-free click chemistry mediated immobilization.
Silicon nanoparticles obtained via a low temperature chemical “metathesis” synthesis route and their lithium-ion battery properties
Authors: Wang Liangbiao , Lin Ning , Zhou Jianbing , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai
Published: December 2014

Silicon (Si) nanoparticles have been prepared by a “metathesis” reaction of magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in an autoclave at 300 °C.
Functionalized cyclopentenes through a tandem NHC-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution and ambient temperature decarboxylation: mechanistic insight and synthetic application
Authors: Cohen Daniel T. , Johnston Ryne C. , Rosson Nicholas T. , Cheong Paul Ha-Yeon , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: December 2014

An unusual room temperature β-lactone decarboxylation facilitated a five-step enantioselective formal synthesis of the cyclopentane core of an estrogen receptor β-agonist.
A supramolecular keypad lock
Authors: Carvalho Cátia Parente , Domínguez Zoe , Da Silva José Paulo , Pischel Uwe
Published: December 2014

The first supramolecular keypad lock based on cucurbituril chemistry in water is presented.
Active site-directed proteomic probes for adenylation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases
Authors: Konno Sho , Ishikawa Fumihiro , Suzuki Takehiro , Dohmae Naoshi , Burkart Michael D. , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: December 2014

Active site-directed proteomic probes coupled to the 5′-O-N-(aminoacyl)sulfamoyladenosine (AMS) scaffold with a clickable benzophenone functionality selectively target nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) adenylation (A) domains in natural product producer proteomes by ligand-directed protein labeling.
A cysteamine-selective two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric bioimaging
Authors: Sarkar Avik R. , Heo Cheol Ho , Kim Eunjin , Lee Hyo Won , Singh Hardev , Kim Jeong Jin , Kang Hyuk , Kang Chulhun , Kim Hwan Myung
Published: December 2014

A two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric imaging of cysteamine in live cells and rat brain hippocampal tissues was reported.
Organocatalytic one-pot 1,4-/1,6-/1,2-addition sequence for the stereocontrolled formation of six consecutive stereocenters
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Mahajan Suruchi , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: December 2014

A new stereoselective organocatalyzed one-pot 1,4-/1,6-/1,2-addition reaction sequentially catalyzed by low loading of a squaramide and an achiral base provide a direct entry to isoxazole bearing cyclohexanes with six contiguous stereogenic centers in good yields and excellent stereoselectivities.
Direct cross-coupling of benzyl alcohols to construct diarylmethanes via palladium catalysis
Authors: Cao Zhi-Chao , Yu Da-Gang , Zhu Ru-Yi , Wei Jiang-Bo , Shi Zhang-Jie
Published: December 2014

A direct arylation to furnish diarylmethanes from benzyl alcohols was realized through Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling via benzylic C–O activation in the absence of any additives. The arylation is compatible with various functional groups. This development provides an atom- and step-economic way to approach a diarylmethane scaffold under mild and environmentally benign conditions.
Structures of NHC Hg(ii) and Ag(i) complexes and selective recognition of nitrate anion
Authors: Liu Qing-Xiang , Zhao Zhi-Xiang , Zhao Xiao-Jun , Wei Qing , Chen Ai-Hui , Li Hui-Long , Wang Xiu-Guang
Published: December 2014

Eight N-heterocyclic carbene Hg(ii) and Ag(i) complexes were prepared, and the selective recognition of nitrate anion was studied.
A kinetic study of the CH2OO Criegee intermediate self-reaction, reaction with SO2and unimolecular reaction using cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Chhantyal-Pun Rabi , Davey Anthony , Shallcross Dudley E. , Percival Carl J. , Orr-Ewing Andrew J.
Published: December 2014

A rate coefficient is reported for the CH2OO self-reaction and evidence presented for SO2-catalysed CH2OO isomerization or intersystem crossing.
Charge transfer tuning by chemical substitution and uniaxial pressure in the organic complex tetramethoxypyrene–tetracyanoquinodimethane
Authors: Rudloff Milan , Ackermann Kai , Huth Michael , Jeschke Harald O. , Tomic Milan , Valentí Roser , Wolfram Benedikt , Bröring Martin , Bolte Michael , Chercka Dennis , Baumgarten Martin , Müllen Klaus
Published: December 2014

Charge transfer is not enhanced by the larger electron affinity of the acceptor as evident from a comparison of the mixed-stack systems TMP–TCNQ and TMP–F4TCNQ.
Dynamics of the A-band ultraviolet photodissociation of methyl iodide and ethyl iodide via velocity-map imaging with ‘universal’ detection
Authors: Gardiner Sara H. , Lipciuc M. Laura , Karsili Tolga N. V. , Ashfold Michael N. R. , Vallance Claire
Published: December 2014

Universal ionization combined with velocity-map imaging allows a comprehensive investigation into the photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide and ethyl iodide at a range of UV wavelengths within their A-bands.
Electronic couplings for molecular charge transfer: benchmarking CDFT, FODFT and FODFTB against high-level ab initio calculations. II
Authors: Kubas Adam , Gajdos Fruzsina , Heck Alexander , Oberhofer Harald , Elstner Marcus , Blumberger Jochen
Published: December 2014

The accuracy of DFT-based approaches is assessed for calculation of electronic coupling matrix elements for molecular electron transfer. Benchmark ab initio calculations show that they give reliable results for a series of π-conjugated organic molecules, relevant to semiconducting organic materials.
A comprehensive study of sulfonated carbon materials as conductive composites for polymer solar cells
Authors: Ji Ting , Tan Licheng , Hu Xiaotian , Dai Yanfeng , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2014

The sulfonated graphene lamellae are favorable to bridge the PEDOT islands, which significantly improves the conductivity.
Surface- and tip-enhanced resonant Raman scattering from CdSe nanocrystals
Authors: Sheremet E. , Milekhin A. G. , Rodriguez R. D. , Weiss T. , Nesterov M. , Rodyakina E. E. , Gordan O. D. , Sveshnikova L. L. , Duda T. A. , Gridchin V. A. , Dzhagan V. M. , Hietschold M. , Zahn D. R. T.
Published: December 2014

Electromagnetic enhancement of CdSe quantum dots in surface and tip-enhanced Raman scattering with improved sensitivity.
Insights into the bond-selective reaction of Cl + HOD(nOH) → HCl + OD
Authors: Li Jun , Song Hongwei , Guo Hua
Published: December 2014

The theoretical study of the title reaction reveals strong bond selectivity, vibrational enhancement, and unique product distributions, in agreement with the experiment.
Expansion dynamics of supercritical water probed by picosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Gladytz Thomas , Abel Bernd , Siefermann Katrin R.
Published: December 2014

A combined experimental and theoretical study delivers a nanoscale picture on the picosecond expansion dynamics of supercritical water into vacuum.
Density functional theory study on boron- and phosphorus-doped hydrogen-passivated silicene
Authors: Pi Xiaodong , Ni Zhenyi , Liu Yong , Ruan Zhichao , Xu Mingsheng , Yang Deren
Published: December 2014

When silicene is passivated by hydrogen, a bandgap occurs so that it becomes a semiconductor.
The electronic structure calculations of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides in the presence of external electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas
Published: December 2014

Transition-metal dichalcogenides TX2 (T = W, Mo; X = S, Se, Te) are layered materials that are available in ultrathin forms such as mono-, bi- and multilayers, which are commonly known as two-dimensional materials.
Gas-phase reaction of CeVO5+cluster ions with C2H4: the reactivity of cluster bonded peroxides
Authors: Ma Jia-Bi , Meng Jing-Heng , He Sheng-Gui
Published: December 2014

The reactivity of the peroxide unit with hydrocarbon molecules on transition metal oxide clusters with a closed-shell electronic structure has been identified for the first time.
An artificial blood vessel implanted three-dimensional microsystem for modeling transvascular migration of tumor cells
Authors: Wang Xue-Ying , Pei Ying , Xie Min , Jin Zi-He , Xiao Ya-Shi , Wang Yang , Zhang Li-Na , Li Yan , Huang Wei-Hua
Published: December 2014

We developed an artificial blood vessel implanted 3D microfluidic system for reproducing vascular functions and transvascular migration of tumor cells. Based on this model, the adhesion and transvascular migration of tumor cells across the artificial blood vessel have been well reproduced.
Two-dimensional photonic crystals for sensitive microscale chemical and biochemical sensing
Authors: Baker James E. , Sriram Rashmi , Miller Benjamin L.
Published: December 2014

Photonic crystals – optical devices able to respond to changes in the refractive index of a small volume of space – are an emerging class of label-free chemical- and bio-sensors.
Oxygen adsorption properties on a palladium promoted La1−xSrxMnO3solid oxide fuel cell cathode
Authors: Jia Lichao , Li Kai , Yan Dong , Wang Xin , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Jian Li , Yuan Songliu
Published: December 2014

Pd clusters serve as active centers on the LSM surface and enhance the electron transference properties during oxygen reduction reactions.
Metabolic analysis of butanol production from acetate in Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 using13C tracer experiments
Authors: Gao Ming , Tashiro Yukihiro , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Zheng Jin , Wang Qunhui , Sakai Kenji , Sonomoto Kenji
Published: December 2014

This study directly verified butanol production from exogenously added acetate byClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4, and illustrated its metabolismvia13C-tracer experiments.
Characterization of a thin, uniform coating on P2-type Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 cathode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Park Kwangjin , Han Dongwook , Shon JeongKuk , Doo Seok Gwang , Lee Seoksoo
Published: December 2014

A thin, uniform carbon coating on Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 (NFMO) using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (DN) was prepared.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone maintains redox activity when bound to a DNA aptamer
Authors: Emahi Ismaila , Mulvihill Isabel M. , Baum Dana A.
Published: December 2014

Newly identified DNA aptamers for PQQ provide an environment in which PQQ is still accessible for redox chemistry.
Development of a novel voltammetric sensor for the determination of methamphetamine in biological samples on the pretreated pencil graphite electrode
Authors: Oghli Abbas Hassan , Alipour Esmaeel , Asadzadeh Mojtaba
Published: December 2014

We developed a simple and reliable sensor for the determination of methamphetamine without expensive and time-consuming pretreatments using PPGE.
Direct visualization of microphase separation in block copoly(3-alkylthiophene)s
Authors: Willot Pieter , Teyssandier Joan , Dujardin Wouter , Adisoejoso Jinne , De Feyter Steven , Moerman David , Leclère Philippe , Lazzaroni Roberto , Koeckelberghs Guy
Published: December 2014

A copoly(3-alkylthiophene) block copolymer was synthesized in a one-pot block copolymerization reaction, starting from a functional o-tolyl initiator in order to maximize A–B diblock copolymer formation. The microphase separation behaviour was directly visualized using STM.
Anomalous elastic properties in stishovite
Authors: Azzopardi K. M. , Brincat J. P. , Grima J. N. , Gatt Ruben
Published: December 2014

Stishovite exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio when stressed in a range of directions in the (100), (010) and (001) planes under specific ambient pressure ranges. This may be explained through mechanisms involving rotations and distortions of the constituent octahedral.