bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of post-COVID (Long COVID) in children: a moving target
Authors: Morello Rosa , Martino Laura , Buonsenso Danilo
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

This review describes recent findings about post-COVID condition (PCC, or Long COVID) in children, including current knowledge about its epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis and care.

Recent findings

There is no internationally agreed definition of PCC, although now most researchers agree that it is a complex clinical symptomatology persisting for at least 3 months after COVID-19, without an alternative diagnosis. There are several uncertainties about paediatric PCC. So far, available literature suggest that 1–3% of recognized children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop PCC. Its pathogenesis is unknown, although there is increasing evidence about possible abnormalities in the immune responses, cellular metabolism and intestinal microbiota, along with chronic endothelitis.

Management of PCC in children is complex and require a multidisciplinary approach, with the goal of offering the best care possible to support diagnostics, research, mental health and access to research projects.
Discharge Delay
Authors: Armold Sarah
Published: January 2023

Purpose/Objectives:

Discharge delays are frustrating to patients, staff, and families. Case managers need a better understanding of what type of patient may experience a discharge delay so they can better prepare patients and families or avoid the discharge delay before it happens.

Primary Practice Setting(s):

Hospital.

Findings/Conclusions:

Discharge delays are exasperating to all involved, as they take up precious time and resources of case managers and make patients and families feel like there is an unclear plan. There are actions a case manager can take to lessen the burden of a discharge delay. Actions such as having a rapid discharge plan once the home environment is deemed inappropriate and making sure families and patients are communicated with frequently about their plan of care can decrease or avoid a discharge delay.

Implications for Case Management Practice:

Case managers need to know how to identify a patient who might experience a delay in their discharge early, so they can assist the patient and family to ease their stress by explaining limitations and realistic timelines. By identifying a patient who will be experiencing a delay in their discharge due to postacute lack of staffing, care managers can alert families that finding other options for discharge might be more satisfactory. By screening a patient and identifying their needs early, a discharge delay can be shortened or avoided.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference
Authors: Rambaud Jérome , Barbaro Ryan P. , Macrae Duncan J. , Dalton Heidi J. ,   on behalf of the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:

To systematically review and assimilate literature on children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) with the goal of developing an update to the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference recommendations and statements about clinical practice and research.

DATA SOURCES:

Electronic searches of MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).

STUDY SELECTION:

The search used a medical subject heading terms and text words to capture studies of ECMO in PARDS or acute respiratory failure. Studies using animal models and case reports were excluded from our review.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Title/abstract review, full-text review, and data extraction using a standardized data collection form.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to identify and summarize evidence and develop recommendations. There were 18 studies identified for full-text extraction. When pediatric data was lacking, adult and neonatal data from randomized clinical trials and observational studies were considered. Six clinical recommendations were generated related to ECMO indications, initiation, and management in PARDS. There were three good practice statements generated related to ECMO indications, initiation, and follow-up in PARDS. Two policy statements were generated involving the impact of ECMO team organization and training in PARDS. Last, there was one research statement.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on a systematic literature review, we propose clinical management, good practice and policy statements within the domains of ECMO indications, initiation, team organization, team training, management, and follow-up as they relate to PARDS.
Depression and PTSD as Predictors of Attrition in Older Adult Exercise Programs
Authors: Ha Anh , Wilkins Stacy Schantz , Melrose Rebecca J. , Lee Cathy C.
Published: January 2023

Background:

In older adults, exercise is extremely important and has been demonstrated to improve physical health, cognition, and mood. However, attrition in exercise programs in general is high, with up to 50% of participants leaving in the first 3 to 6 months.

Methods:

A systematic review of PubMed and PsycINFO databases was conducted using PRISMA criteria assessing the association of baseline depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with attrition rates in older adult exercise programs.

Results:

Ten articles were identified that assessed baseline depression and attrition in older adult exercise programs. No studies assessed baseline PTSD as a risk for attrition. Attrition rate overall ranged from 19% to 38%, and depression at baseline was found to be significantly associated with higher attrition rates. Other factors associated with attrition included anxiety, lower life satisfaction, worse cognitive health, higher illness rating, shorter program duration, common illnesses, lower social support, male sex, single relationship status, and transportation dependence.

Discussion:

Depression at baseline was significantly related with increased attrition in older adult exercise programs. Screening and consideration of adjunctive mood treatment are recommended. Further study of PTSD as an attrition risk is recommended, particularly in veteran or other populations with greater base rates.
Biosynthetic novelty index reveals the metabolic potential of rare actinobacteria isolated from highly oligotrophic sediments
Authors: González-Salazar Luz A. , Quezada Michelle , Rodríguez-Orduña Lorena , Ramos-Aboites Hilda , Capon Robert J. , Souza-Saldívar Valeria , Barona-Gomez Francisco , Licona-Cassani Cuauhtémoc
Published: January 2023

Calculations predict that testing of 5 000–10 000 molecules and >1 billion US dollars (£0.8 billion, £1=$1.2) are required for one single drug to come to the market. A solution to this problem is to establish more efficient protocols that reduce the high rate of re-isolation and continuous rediscovery of natural products during early stages of the drug development process. The study of ‘rare actinobacteria’ has emerged as a possible approach for increasing the discovery rate of drug leads from natural sources. Here, we define a simple genomic metric, defined as biosynthetic novelty index (BiNI), that can be used to rapidly rank strains according to the novelty of the subset of encoding biosynthetic clusters. By comparing a subset of high-quality genomes from strains of different taxonomic and ecological backgrounds, we used the BiNI score to support the notion that rare actinobacteria encode more biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) novelty. In addition, we present the isolation and genomic characterization, focused on specialized metabolites and phenotypic screening, of two isolates belonging to genera

Lentzea

and

Actinokineospora

from a highly oligotrophic environment. Our results show that both strains harbour a unique subset of BGCs compared to other members of the genera

Lentzea

and

Actinokineospora

. These BGCs are responsible for potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic bioactivity. The experimental data and analysis presented in this study contribute to the knowledge of genome mining analysis in rare actinobacteria and, most importantly, can serve to direct sampling efforts to accelerate early stages of the drug discovery pipeline.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence ofAkebia trifoliataand a comparative analysis within the Ranales clade
Authors: Wang Ruixian , Chu Qu , Meng Gang , Li Chuan
Published: January 2023

The complete nucleotide sequence of theAkebia trifoliatachloroplast (cp) genome was reported and characterized in this study. The cp genome is a closed circular molecule of 157 949 bp, composed of a pair of IR regions of 26 149 bp, one LSC region of 86 595 bp, and one SSC region of 19 056 bp. The GC contents of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions, and the whole cp genome are 37.11%, 33.62%, 43.08% and 38.66%, respectively. The cp genome contains 130 predicted functional genes, including 85

PCGs of 79 107 bp, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes of 11 851 bp. 168 SSRs and 23 long repeats were identified in the cp genome. The results revealed that 21 891 codons characterize the coding capacity of 85 protein-coding genes inAkebia trifoliata, 10.84% and 1.20% of the codons coded for leucine and cysteine respectively. The usage of the start codon exhibited no bias in theA. trifoliatacp genome. Phylogenetic analysis suggest thatA. trifoliatais most closely related toS. japonica, which then formed a cluster withN. dormesticaandM. saniculifoliato form subgroup of Ranunculales. Our study provides information on mangrove plant species in coastal intertidal zones.
Emergent Simplicities in Stochastic Intergenerational Homeostasis
Authors: Joshi Kunaal , Wright Charles S. , Ziegler Karl F. , Spiers Elizabeth M. , Crosser Jacob T. , Eschker Samuel , Biswas Rudro R. , Iyer-Biswas Srividya
Published: January 2023

How do complex systems maintain key emergent “state variables” at desired target values to within specified tolerances? This question was first posed in the context of homeostasis in living systems over a century ago, and yet the precise quantitative rules governing this phenomenon have remained fiercely debated. We herein present a direct solution through a synthesis of high-precision experiments and first principles-based physics theory. After introducing a general approach that incorporates the inherently stochastic and dynamic nature of organismal homeostasis, we provide direct experimental evidence that stochastic intergenerational homeostasis is indeed maintained. Next, we identify a series of emergent simplicities hidden in these data. Remarkably, the dynamics of intergenerational homeostasis of organismal sizes are Markovian, or history-independent. The precision data reveal an intergenerational scaling law that fully determines, with no fine-tuning parameters, the exact stochastic map governing homeostasis, as borne out by compelling data– theory matches. These emergent simplicities in turn yield the necessary and sufficient condition for stochastic homeostasis, with surprising implications for the architecture of the underlying control system. Validation across different growth conditions, cell morphologies, experimental modalities, and organisms comprehensively establishes the universality of the results presented here.
The Lupus Epigenome Relates to Genetics, Transcription and Serological Profiles with Dependency on Molecular Subtypes and Informs Drug Discovery
Authors: Castellini-Pérez Olivia , Barturen Guillermo , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Iakovliev Andrii , Kerick Martin , López-Domínguez Raúl , Marañón Concepción , Martín Javier , Ballestar Esteban ,   PRECISEADS Clinical Consortium,   PRECISEADS Flow Cytometry Study Group, Borghi María Orietta , Qiu Weiliang , Zhu Cheng , Shankara Srinivas , Spiliopoulou Athina , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Carnero-Montoro Elena , Alarcón-Riquelme Marta E.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be explained by epigenetic alterations that disrupt transcriptional programs mediating environmental and genetic risk. This study evaluated the epigenetic contribution to SLE heterogeneity considering molecular and serological subtypes, genetics and transcriptional status, followed by drug target discovery.

Methods

We performed a stratified epigenome-wide association studies of whole blood DNA methylation from 213 SLE patients and 221 controls. Methylation quantitative trait loci analyses, cytokine and transcription factor activity - epigenetic associations and methylation-expression correlations were conducted. New drug targets were searched for based on differentially methylated genes.

Results

In a stratified approach, a total of 974 differential methylation CpG sites with dependency on molecular subtypes and autoantibody profiles were found. Mediation analyses suggested that SLE-associated SNPs in the HLA region exert their risk through DNA methylation changes. Novel genetic variants regulating DNAm in disease or in specific molecular contexts were identified. The epigenetic landscapes showed strong association with transcription factor activity and cytokine levels, conditioned by the molecular context. Epigenetic signals were enriched in known and novel potential drug targets for SLE.

Conclusion

This study expands the number of genes associated with SLE and reveals novel pathways of disease. The findings reveal possible genetic drivers and consequences of epigenetic variability on SLE heterogeneity and disentangles the DNAm mediation role on SLE genetic risk and the genetic architecture of DNAm in different molecular contexts. Finally, novel targets for drug development were discovered.
Building a prognostic tool for disorders of consciousness: protocol for a multimodal imaging study (IMAGINA study)
Authors: Maude Beaudoin-Gobert , Inès Merida , Nicolas Costes , Fabien Perrin , Nathalie André-Obadia , Frédéric Dailler , Carole Lartizien , Benjamin Riche , Delphine Maucort-Boulch , Jacques Luauté , Florent Gobert
Published: January 2023

Background

In the last decades, advances in Intensive Care Unit management have led to decreased mortality. However, significant morbidity remains as patients survive after a lesional coma with uncertain quality of awakening and high risk of functional disability. Predicting this level of recovery but also the functional disability of those who will awake constitutes a major challenge for medical, ethical and social perspectives. Among the huge heterogeneity of coma-related injuries, recognising the universality of a common functional pattern which may be focused on a final step of an integrated network would be of great interest for our understanding of disorders of consciousness. The objective of this study is to investigate the neural correlates of arousal and awareness in coma and post-coma to build a prognostic tool based on the detection of a common pattern between patients with a favourableversusan unfavourable outcome.

Method/Design

We will implement this objective in a translational approach which combines PET-MR imaging, neurophysiology, behavioural/clinical assessments and innovative statistical and computational analysis tools in patients with disorders of consciousness in Intensive Care Unit and in Rehabilitation Department.
Scientific data management policy in China: a quantitative content analysis based on policy text
Authors: Si Li , Liu Li , He Yi
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to understand the current development situation of scientific data management policy in China, analyze the content structure of the policy and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and optimization of the policy system.

Design/methodology/approach

China's scientific data management policies were obtained through various channels such as searching government websites and policy and legal database, and 209 policies were finally identified as the sample for analysis after being screened and integrated. A three-dimensional framework was constructed based on the perspective of policy tools, combining stakeholder and lifecycle theories. And the content of policy texts was coded and quantitatively analyzed according to this framework.

Findings

China's scientific data management policies can be divided into four stages according to the time sequence: infancy, preliminary exploration, comprehensive promotion and key implementation. The policies use a combination of three types of policy tools: supply-side, environmental-side and demand-side, involving multiple stakeholders and covering all stages of the lifecycle. But policy tools and their application to stakeholders and lifecycle stages are imbalanced. The development of future scientific data management policy should strengthen the balance of policy tools, promote the participation of multiple subjects and focus on the supervision of the whole lifecycle.

Originality/value

This paper constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework and uses content analysis to quantitatively analyze scientific data management policy texts, extending the research perspective and research content in the field of scientific data management. The study identifies policy focuses and proposes several strategies that will help optimize the scientific data management policy.
The role of director incentives in investment efficiency
Authors: Zhang Yan , Michael Michael
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The existing literature involving director compensation has been concentrating on its absolute or intrinsic values. Although the relevant studies have generated mixed findings, research in other fields suggests that the power of an incentive may be determined by its value relative to the chosen referencing standard more than its absolute value. This study aims to investigate how relative director pay affects corporate investment efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

This study takes a fresh theoretical viewpoint by framing the investigation using the dimensional comparison theory and proposing that a directorship also presents a relative value that may influence the board’s performance. Ordinary least squared regressions and two-stage system generalised method of moments are used to analyse 14,267 firm-year observations.

Findings

The empirical results suggest that the relative director pay is a better estimate of the power of the incentive than the absolute pay. A positive association between the relative director pay and investment efficiency is evident, while the absolute pay has no significant effect on investment decisions. Director overcompensation, however, will cancel out the positive effect of director compensation on investment efficiency. Firms with relatively lower unexpected investment (UI) level benefit the most from an increase in the relative director pay, while neither absolute nor relative director pay affects investment choices in firms with a high UI level because of significantly more overcompensation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of relative director pay. It is also the first to examine the role of dimensional comparison in strategic decisions which is the single untended comparison framework in the director pay design. The current director pay structure has emphasised social and temporal equality by standardising the pay structure and vesting the equity-based pay over a long period. Yet it ignores the fact that people decide their commitment level by comparing the reward with an internal referent too. The findings speak to the dimensional comparison theory in that the inequality emanated from dimensional or internal comparison may be accentuated by the perceived equality in other comparison frameworks, driving the different performances in the roles one assumes.
Method for automating the processes of generating and using 4D BIM models integrated with location-based planning and Last Planner® System
Authors: Silveira Bruno Falcón , Costa Dayana Bastos
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Several studies have addressed the use of four-dimensional (4D) building information modeling (BIM) for construction management. However, the automation of the processes for generating 4D models and their integrated use with Location-Based Planning and the Last Planner® System is not well discussed. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a method for automating the generation and use of 4D BIM models integrated with Location-Based Planning and Last Planner® System supporting project control cycles.

Design/methodology/approach

The research strategy adopted was Design Science Research. The automated method for using the 4D models was developed and refined in two residential building projects in Brazil, along with 31 meetings and involving 11 direct users. The assessment of the proposed method focuses on four constructs: the impact of process automation, the impact on the identification and assessment of site progress and the planning process, ease of adoption and utility of the proposed method.

Findings

The results of this paper indicated increased adherence between planned and executed through an automated method for using the 4D models. The established routines enabled automating the link between the planning levels and the three-dimensional (3D) model, providing a more agile and updated data source and achieving 92.8% of user satisfaction regarding the deadline and frequency of delivery of the 4D model reports. Moreover, this study identified the relationships between the processes of the method proposed and Digital Models.

Originality/value

The primary scientific value achieved in this study is creating a method for automating processes and simplifying steps for the generation and use of 4D BIM models in the production planning and control cycles during the construction phase.
Understanding gender differences in money attitudes: biological and psychological gender perspective
Authors: Sahi Shalini Kalra
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Various research studies in the past have found biological gender to be a differentiator for money attitudes. However, the beliefs and attitudes that people have towards money can also be the result of the gender socialisation, which may have a greater impact on how one relates to money. Since, gender is an important aspect for understanding financial choices and decisions, it becomes pertinent to learn as to which aspect of gender, the biological or the psychological, impact the money attitudes and beliefs that a person holds. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical work attempts to understand gender differences in money attitudes from the biological gender and psychological gender perspective. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and Tang's money ethic scale (MES) were used for this study. The hypotheses raised were tested on a sample of 224 respondents from India.

Findings

The results suggested that money attitudes can be better understood when seen from the lens of psychological gender and not biological gender. Further, androgyny individuals were found to exhibit more balance in their money attitude dimensions than masculine or feminine individuals.

Originality/value

Belief and attitudes towards money would impact how contented people are with the compensation they receive, their financial planning choices and also their financial well-being. This insightful study adds to the scant literature that exists on understanding money attitudes from psychological gender perspective and would pave the way for more work in this area.
Portfolios of sustainable practices for packaging in the circular economy: an analysis of Italian firms
Authors: Cozzolino Alessandra , De Giovanni Pietro
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study analyzes sustainable practices adopted by Italian firms to enhance the circularity of packaging and related results in terms of environmental improvements.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed an empirical analysis using publicly available data from the National Consortium of Packaging (CONAI) in Italy, which consists of 603 circular packaging projects. The authors ran both descriptive and prescriptive analyses to determine individual sustainable practices and portfolios adopted to enhance packaging circularity and to verify related reductions in terms of CO2 emissions as well as energy usage and water consumption.

Findings

The findings reveal that firms are more accustomed to focusing on single sustainable practices than on portfolios of practices to achieve packaging circularity. Raw material saving and logistics optimization are the most frequent sustainable practices adopted by firms to improve circularity of packaging. The reuse of packaging allows firms to simultaneously reduce CO2 emissions, energy usage and water consumption. Preferences in terms of portfolio of sustainable practices are strictly linked to the types of materials used for packaging and environmental targets.

Originality/value

The authors investigate environmental practices that firms adopt to support packaging circularity, and the authors detect portfolios of sustainable practices that positively impact environmental performance indicators. This research extends a significant glimpse into the portfolio of sustainable practices for packaging in the circular economy implemented by firms, filling academic gaps and indicating business opportunities and avenues for economic development.
How insights from the field of information behavior can enrich understanding of knowledge mobilization
Authors: Nicolini Davide , Korica Maja , Bharatan Ila
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The authors review the literature on information behavior, an autonomous body of work developed mainly in library studies and compare it with work on knowledge mobilization. The aim is to explore how information behavior can contribute to understanding knowledge mobilization in healthcare management.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a narrative review using an exploratory, nonkeyword “double-sided systematic snowball” method. This is especially useful in the situation when the two traditions targeted are broad and relies on distinct vocabulary.

Findings

The authors find that the two bodies of work have followed similar trajectories and arrived at similar conclusions, with a linear view supplemented first by a social approach and then by a sensitivity to practice. Lessons from the field of information behavior can be used to avoid duplication of effort, repeating the same errors and reinventing the wheel among knowledge translation scholars. This includes, for example, focusing on sources of information or ignoring the mundane activities in which managers and policymakers are involved.

Originality/value

The study is the first known attempt to build bridges between the field of information behavior and the study of knowledge mobilization. The study, moreover, foregrounds the need to address knowledge mobilization in context-sensitive and social rather than technical terms, focusing on the mundane work performed by a variety of human and nonhuman agents.
Cations make a difference: Soil nutrient patches and fine‐scale root abundance of individual species in a mountain grassland
Authors: Skálová Hana , Jandová Kateřina , Balšánková Tereza , Hadincová Věroslava , Krahulec František , Pecháčková Sylvie , Krak Karol , Herben Tomáš
Published: January 2023

Root densities in the field vary at the centimetre scale, but we have no information on whether this variation is linked to the variation in nutrient concentrations and availability. Roots of many species are able to proliferate in nutrient‐rich patches in controlled conditions in culture, but because data on nutrient concentrations and, in particular, on their temporal stability in the field are scarce, we do not know to what extent root distribution in the soil bears traces of such a response.

Here, we linked centimetre‐scale measurements of soil nutrient concentrations over 6 weeks with estimation of root biomass and its species composition at the same points to determine whether there is any association between the two. In addition to phosphorus, nitrate and ammonium, we determined the concentrations of metal cations (magnesium, calcium and potassium). We used qPCR to determine the quantities of individual species in the root biomass samples.

We found that calcium and magnesium (and to a lesser degree phosphorus and potassium) showed fine‐scale patchiness that was stable throughout the study (6 weeks) and was consistent over all these elements. Nutrient patches were associated with high root biomass and the occurrence of roots of several species. Such patches are formed primarily by elements with known low mobility in soil (cations, phosphorus). In contrast, nitrogen ions showed overwhelmingly high temporal variation with no relationship between root density and nitrogen concentration.

Soil nutrient concentrations, thus, constitute a multidimensional signal. Some elements strongly vary in time, while some are much more stable and, thus, form stable patches that permit root response over periods of weeks or months. Among them, calcium and magnesium play an important role in forming soil heterogeneity at a scale comparable with the scale at which fine root densities also vary. As these cations affect a number of plant functions, their association with higher root densities confirms their role in the growth dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Different while being similar: The dual institutional process and differential organizational status
Authors: Zhao Wei , Ge Jianhua
Published: January 2023

Connecting the neoinstitutional theory with Bourdieu's field theory, we develop a framework on the dual institutional process of integration and differentiation in a field. While the neoinstitutional theory has focused on similar organizational structures, we shift the research focus to offer an institutional explanation of differential organizational status. Drawing insights from Bourdieu's theory and key concepts, we highlight that the very institutional mechanisms causing isomorphism—regulative forces, normative pressures, and cognitive processes—also generate systematic status differentiation among organizations via their different levels of capital, homologous structures, and various habitus in a field. Our extended framework has theoretical significance in advancing the neoinstitutional theory, the research of status in organizational and economic sociology, and the Bourdieusian perspective. By theorizing status differentiation among organizations, it also adds an important dimension to enrich our understanding of multilevel status and social hierarchies.
How important are semi‐annual earnings announcements? An information event perspective
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Tong Alex
Published: January 2023

Using a method that avoids the need to specify earnings expectations, we demonstrate that the period surrounding the semi‐annual announcement of Australian firms' earnings is, on average, an important source of information. Although there is substantial year‐to‐year variation, we observe no evidence of any significant time trend, and also conclude that a shift from Australian domestic generally accepted accounting principle to International Financial Reporting Standards did not impact the association between earnings announcement windows and stock returns. We also find no evidence that the informativeness of earnings announcements varies systematically with firm size, analyst following or economic news (i.e., positive vs. negative stock returns, profits vs. losses), although we do observe significant variation across industries. Our conclusion is further supported by contrasting the earnings release date with the days immediately prior to release, or high information days other than earnings announcement windows. Using a more precise event window relative to prior studies (i.e., 3 h vs. 3 days), we confirm that earnings announcements contain significant new information about fundamentals.
The management of clinically suspicious para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Michelle Zhiyun , Tay Yeng Kwang , Prabhakaran Swetha , Kong Joseph C
Published: January 2023

Approximately 1%–2% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop para‐aortic lymph node (PALN) metastases, which are typically considered markers of systemic disease, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The utility of PALN dissection (PALND) in patients with CRC is of ongoing debate and only small‐scale retrospective studies have been published on this topic to date. This systematic review aimed to determine the utility of resecting PALN metastases with the primary outcome measure being the difference in survival outcomes following either surgical resection or non‐resection of these metastases. A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken to identify all English‐language papers on PALND in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. The search results identified a total of 12 eligible studies for analysis. All studies were either retrospective cohort studies or case series. In this systematic review, PALND was found to be associated with a survival benefit when compared to non‐resection. Metachronous PALND was found to be associated with better overall survival as compared to synchronous PALND, and the number of PALN metastases (2 or fewer) and a pre‐operative carcinoembryonic antigen level of <5 was found to be associated with a better prognosis. No PALND‐specific complications were identified in this review. A large‐scale prospective study needs to be conducted to definitively determine the utility of PALND. For the present, PALND should be considered within a multidisciplinary approach for patients with CRC, in conjunction with already established treatment regimens.
Hypocarbia is associated with adverse outcomes in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE)
Authors: Devi Usha , Pullattayil Abdul Kareem , Chandrasekaran Manigandan
Published: January 2023

Aim

Hypocarbia in the early postnatal period might exacerbate brain injury in babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy following birth asphyxia. This mini‐review summarised studies on pCO2 values that were monitored periodically in term newborns with moderate/severe hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy and correlated with short or long‐term outcomes.

Methods

We searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), web of science and the Cochrane Library and identified nine studies.

Results

Among the nine included studies, therapeutic hypothermia was administered in seven studies. In most studies, blood pCO2 levels were measured from birth till 72 h of life or till the endpoint of therapeutic hypothermia. Eight studies showed that any hypocarbia (moderate or severe, or cumulative) was associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in the form of brain injury in MRI, death or neurodevelopmental disability.

Conclusion

Hypocarbia could lead to adverse short‐term and long‐term outcomes despite therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with HIE. Hence, it is vital to monitor pCO2 levels closely in these infants and consider strategies to maintain pCO2 levels in the normal range.
Metabolomic identification of predictive and early biomarkers of cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury in adult head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Lim Yong Jin , Xiu Steven G. , Kuruvilla M. Sara , Winquist Eric , Welch Stephen , Black Morgan , Faught Lauren N. , Lee Jasmine , Rieder Michael J. , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. , Zappitelli Michael , Urquhart Bradley L.
Published: January 2023

Aim

Cisplatin causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in approximately one third of patients. Serum creatinine and urinary output are poor markers of cisplatin‐induced AKI. Metabolomics was utilized to identify predictive or early diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin‐induced AKI.

Methods

Thirty‐one adult head and neck cancer patients receiving cisplatin (dose ≥70 mg/m2) were recruited for metabolomics analysis. Urine and serum samples were collected prior to cisplatin (pre), 24–48 h after cisplatin (24–48 h) and 5–14 days (post) after cisplatin. Based on serum creatinine concentrations measured at the post timepoint, 11/31 patients were classified with clinical AKI. Untargeted metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS).

Results

Metabolic discrimination was observed between “AKI” patients and “no AKI” patients at all timepoints. Urinary glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3‐hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were significantly different between AKI patients and no AKI patients prior to cisplatin infusion. Urinary glycine and hippuric acid sulfate were lower (−2.22‐fold and −8.85‐fold), whereas 3‐hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were higher (3.62‐fold and 1.91‐fold) in AKI patients relative to no AKI patients. Several urine and serum metabolites were found to be altered 24–48 h following cisplatin infusion, particularly metabolites involved with mitochondrial energetics.

Conclusions

We propose glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3‐hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate as predictive biomarkers of predisposition to cisplatin‐induced AKI. Metabolites indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction may serve as early markers of subclinical AKI.
Prognostic value of nuclear morphometry in myxoid liposarcoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Kengo , Kohashi Kenichi , Iwasaki Takeshi , Yamamoto Takeo , Ishihara Shin , Toda Yu , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Nakashima Yasuharu , Oda Yoshinao
Published: January 2023

Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) accounts for 20%‐30% of liposarcoma and the round cell component (RCC) is believed to be a specific poor prognostic factor. However, the RCC assessment criteria are vaguely defined and, therefore, are inconsistently employed by pathologists. In this study, we modified and applied two established grading systems to evaluate nuclear atypia (namely, the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology and the Fuhrman grading in renal cell carcinoma) in 64 MLS cases. Detailed software‐based assessments of the morphology and the cellularity were performed. DNA mutation analysis, comprehensive mRNA expression analysis, and immunohistochemistry were also performed. Our findings revealed that the high–nuclear‐grade group according to the modified Fuhrman grading system exhibited a significantly poor disease‐free survival (hazard ratio: 4.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.9‐22.6; p = 0.047). On the other hand, the cellularity was significantly higher in the modified Fuhrman high‐grade group (p = 0.010 at the percentage of the hypercellular area; p = 0.003 at the maximum cell density) but did not qualify per se as a poor prognostic factor in the survival analyses. Furthermore, the modified Fuhrman high‐grade group significantly expressed the cell cycle–related genes (such as FOXM1, PLK1, and CDK1). In conclusion, our analyses suggest that an evaluation focusing on nuclear morphology (rather than on cellular density) can be more reliable in predicting the MLS prognosis.
Prioritizing species conservation programs based on IUCN Green Status and estimates of cost‐sharing potential
Authors: Lloyd Natasha A. , Keating Laura M. , Friesen Alyssa J. , Cole Dylan M. , McPherson Jana M. , Akçakaya H. Resit , Moehrenschlager Axel
Published: January 2023

Over 1 million species around the world are at risk of extinction, and conservation organizations have to decide where to invest their limited resources. Cost‐effectiveness can be increased by leveraging funding opportunities and increasing collaborative partnerships to achieve shared conservation goals. We devised a structured decision‐making framework to prioritize species’ conservation programs based on a cost–benefit analysis that takes collaborative opportunities into account in an examination of national and global conservation return on investment. Conservation benefit is determined by modifying the novel International Union for the Conservation of Nature Green Status for Species to provide an efficient, high‐level measure that is comparable among species, even with limited information and time constraints. We applied this prioritization approach to the Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, Canada, a nonprofit organization seeking to increase the number of species it assists with conservation translocations. We sought to identify and prioritize additional species’ programs for which conservation translocation expertise and actions could make the most impact. Estimating the likelihood of cost‐sharing potential enabled total program cost to be distinguished from costs specific to the organization. Comparing a benefit‐to‐cost ratio on different geographic scales allowed decision makers to weigh alternative options for investing in new species’ programs in a transparent and effective manner. Our innovative analysis aligns with general conservation planning frameworks and can be adapted for any organization.
Divergent effects of climate change on the egg‐laying opportunity of species in cold and warm regions
Authors: Ma Liang , Hou Chao , Jiang Zhong‐Wen , Du Wei‐Guo
Published: January 2023

Climate warming can substantially impact embryonic development and juvenile growth in oviparous species. Estimating the overall impacts of climate warming on oviparous reproduction is difficult because egg‐laying events happen throughout the reproductive season. Successful egg laying requires the completion of embryonic development as well as hatching timing conducive to offspring survival and energy accumulation. We propose a new metric—egg‐laying opportunity (EO)—to estimate the annual hours during which a clutch of freshly laid eggs yields surviving offspring that store sufficient energy for overwintering. We estimated the EO within the distribution of a model species, Sceloporus undulatus, under recent climate condition and a climate‐warming scenario by combining microclimate data, developmental functions, and biophysical models. We predicted that EO will decline as the climate warms at 74.8% of 11,407 sites. Decreasing hatching success and offspring energy accounted for more lost EO hours (72.6% and 72.9%) than the occurrence of offspring heat stress (59.9%). Nesting deeper (at a depth of 12 cm) may be a more effective behavioral adjustment for retaining EO than using shadier (50% shade) nests because the former fully mitigated the decline of EO under the considered warming scenario at more sites (66.1%) than the latter (28.3%). We advocate for the use of EO in predicting the impacts of climate warming on oviparous animals because it encapsulates the integrative impacts of climate warming on all stages of reproductive life history.
Evaluating the conservation impact of Antarctica's protected areas
Authors: Burrows Joanna L. , Lee Jasmine R. , Wilson Kerrie A.
Published: January 2023

Antarctic specially protected areas (ASPAs) are a key regulatory mechanism for protecting Antarctic environmental values. Previous evaluations of the effectiveness of the ASPA system focused on its representativeness and design characteristics, presenting a compelling rationale for its systematic revision. Upgrading the system could increase the representation of values within ASPAs, but representation alone does not guarantee the avoided loss or improvement of those values. Identifying factors that influence the effectiveness of ASPAs would inform the design and management of an ASPA system with the greatest capacity to deliver its intended conservation outcomes. To facilitate evaluations of ASPA effectiveness, we devised a research and policy agenda that includes articulating a theory of change for what outcomes ASPAs generate and how; building evaluation principles into ASPA design and designation processes; employing complementary approaches to evaluate multiple dimensions of effectiveness; and extending evaluation findings to identify and exploit drivers of positive conservation impact. Implementing these approaches will enhance the efficacy of ASPAs as a management tool, potentially leading to improved outcomes for Antarctic natural values in an era of rapid global change.

Evaluación del impacto de conservación de las áreas protegidas de la Antártida
Efficacy of bortezomib desensitization among heart transplant candidates
Authors: Brinkley D. Marshall , Mangione MariaSanta , Fossey Sallyanne C. , Harrison Kimberly M , Zalawadiya Sandip , Rali Aniket S. , Siddiqi Hasan K. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Schlendorf Kelly H.
Published: January 2023

Allosensitization is prevalent in heart transplant candidates and is associated with prolonged waiting times and poor outcomes following transplantation. We analyzed the efficacy of a desensitization regimen consisting of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and bortezomib among 25 consecutive sensitized waitlisted candidates at our center from 2016 to 2021. Following desensitization therapies, all C1q negative antibodies were removed from a candidate's unacceptable antigen list. There was a significant decrease in the median number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (21–15, p = .001) but not class II antibodies (7–6.5, p = .07). There was a significant corresponding decrease in median calculated panel reactive antibodies for class I (90%–74%, p = .004) but not class II (74.5%–75.5%, p = .30). Following desensitization, 76% of patients were transplanted at a median of 91 days. One‐year survival following transplant was 89% with a 33% rate of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). In conclusion, a bortezomib desensitization protocol was modestly effective for class I antibodies and allowed successful transplant in most cases when combined with selective crossing of C1q negative antigens.
Regaining China's Resource Reallocative Efficiency to Boost Growth
Authors: Cai Fang
Published: January 2023

The structural changes that the Chinese economy has been experiencing since its working‐age population began to decline pose challenges for its further growth. First, as it loses its comparative advantage in labor‐intensive activities, the share of manufacturing in its GDP has shrunk. Second, unproductive enterprises that are reluctant to exit the market tend to seek policy protection, which leads to the immobility of resource allocation. Third, the reallocation of the labor force from the highly productive manufacturing sector to the low‐productivity service sector leads to the degradation of resource allocation. The inadequate exploitation of the potential of resource reallocation implies that the decline in manufacturing is premature. It is therefore important to combine market competition policy, industrial policy, and social protection policy to stabilize the development of manufacturing.
Financial Structure, Technology, and Economic Growth: A Structural Matching Perspective
Authors: Ye Dezhu , Huang Yunjue , Ye Xian
Published: January 2023

Different types of capital are better suited to financing technologies with different risk profiles, and structural matching between finance and technology may critically influence economic growth. Using cross‐province panel data from China, we estimated the impact of the matching relationship between regions' financial structure and technology level on economic growth. We show that: (i) the matching relationship had a statistically significant positive impact on economic growth; (ii) structural mismatching reduced economic growth in comparison with the optimal matching point; (iii) structural matching better facilitated economic growth in more developed regions; and (iv) capital accumulation and technological progress were two of the main channels through which matching influenced economic growth. We address potential endogeneity concerns and perform robustness checks, and our results remain valid. Our findings provide convincing evidence for the optimal financial structure theory and explain China's rapid growth despite its comparatively underdeveloped securities market.