bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HLA-A*01:01 allele diminishing in COVID-19 patients population associated with non-structural epitope abundance in CD8+ T-cell repertoire
Authors: Shkurnikov Maxim , Nersisyan Stepan , Averinskaya Darya , Chekova Milena , Polyakov Fedor , Titov Aleksei , Doroshenko Dmitriy , Vechorko Valery , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: January 2023

In mid-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant caused the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries worldwide. The pivotal studies were aimed at studying changes in the efficiency of neutralizing antibodies to the spike protein. However, much less attention was paid to the T-cell response and the presentation of virus peptides by MHC-I molecules. In this study, we compared the features of the HLA-I genotype in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in the first and third waves of the pandemic. As a result, we could identify the diminishing of carriers of the HLA-A*01:01 allele in the third wave and demonstrate the unique properties of this allele. Thus, HLA-A*01:01-binding immunoprevalent epitopes are mostly derived from ORF1ab. A set of epitopes from ORF1ab was tested, and their high immunogenicity was confirmed. Moreover, analysis of the results of single-cell phenotyping of T-cells in recovered patients showed that the predominant phenotype in HLA-A*01:01 carriers is central memory T-cells. The predominance of T-lymphocytes of this phenotype may contribute to forming long-term T-cell immunity in carriers of this allele. Our results can be the basis for highly effective vaccines based on ORF1ab peptides.
Research on the Application of Short Video in City Image Display
Authors: Lin Ma , QiMing Yang
Published: January 2023

The city image is an important manifestation of the city's strength. In the past, cities used to create and disseminate the city image through TV, radio and other media to release city propaganda films and advertisements. Nowadays, with the popularity of the Internet, traditional media has gradually been neglected by people. Most people prefer to obtain information through the network platform for entertainment and communication. The short video, which is rich in content, interactive and close to people's lives, has quickly attracted a large number of viewers. In this case, cities should also enter the short video platform, which brings new opportunities to the city image communication, and plays an effective role in driving urban tourism and promoting overseas communication. This paper will take Tiktok APP as an example to explore the effective application of short video in promoting the spread of city image.
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia, Acute Pericarditis with Cardiac Tamponade as Presenting Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Dubey Apurva , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Kumar Sunil , Dodeja Himanshu
Published: January 2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects mostly young women in which tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes cause damage to organs and tissues. SLE is characterised by aberrant immunological responses that result in the release of higher levels and immunogenic nucleic acids, proteins, and other self-antigens. Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) is a condition in which antibodies against red blood cells are present. It is classified as a warm and cold antibody AIHA. The causes of warm antibody AIHA are autoimmune illnesses, infections, or even malignancy. The presence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies can indicate warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (warm agglutinin anaemia), which is characterised by fatigue and other constitutional symptoms. Although, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia can be a component of the SLE spectrum, warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia as the first manifestation of SLE is exceedingly rare. This case report describes a case of a 23-years-old female who presented to the hospital with complaints of breathlessness and chest pain. After evaluation she was found to have pericardial tamponade and AIHA. Pericardiocentesis was done and further investigations confirmed the diagnosis of SLE. She was treated with injectable methylprednisolone, injectable antibiotics, Tab. hydroxychloroquine, Tab. febuxostat ,Tab. colchicine, oral antidiuretic, oral levothyroxine and other supportive management. The lack of unambiguous pathognomonic characteristics or tests, coupled with the variable presentation of SLE, makes diagnosis tricky. Overall, AIHA can be an initial presentation as well as a part of other disease processes, emphasising the significance of a comprehensive work in patients with AIHA.
Digital Smile Design- An Overview of 3D Digital Workflow
Authors: Chitlange Pooja Mohan , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Reche Amit
Published: January 2023

Smile designing is a branch of cosmetic dental procedure that corrects imperfections of the teeth and restores dental health and appearance of the person. Today Digital Smile Design (DSD) is changing the future of dental practice worldwide. It’s a unique approach to modern dentistry is revolutionising smile designing clinics worldwide. DSD is a software which used worldwide, is based on specific photographs and software analysis. DSD is a tool (software) that helps in easy communication and discussion between all the smile designers, dental laboratory technician as well as with patients. DSD especially can be used in a multidisciplinary approach and hence not only used in prosthetic rehabilitation but also used in other branches of dentistry like Orthodontic, Periodontics, etc., The concept of smile designing is not new. The need of aesthetic can be traced from the earliest civilisations of both the Phoenicians (about 800 BC) and Etruscians (about 900 BC). They used to carve animal tusks to simulate the shape, form and hue of natural teeth. Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761) from of France, together with several colleagues modernised and promoted dentistry and also started aesthetic practices. There are many parameters such as dentofacial parameter, gingival parameter, ease of use, documentation ability, cost, time required, systematic digital workflow and organisation, and compatibility of the program with Computer-aided design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) or other parameters that may affect the user’s decision. DSD helps both clinician and patient to improve treatment planning and stimulate the final results of the treatment. There are many software available, and the clinicians can use any of the software according to their needs. Some software can be used easily as a mobile app. This article reviews the basic principles of smile design, various parameters of smile design, comparison of various software, uses, advantages and limitations of DSD.
Measurement of the Outcome of Low Dose of 0.5% Bupivacaine Heavy in Spinal Anesthesia during Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS)
Authors: Abdullah-Hel-Baki Md. , Neher Jaitun , Hossain Md. Monwar , Barman Nirmal Kumar , Akter Rizowana , Roy Milon Kumar , Sharma Ashutosh Deb
Published: January 2023

Background: Spinal anesthesia for lower segment cesarean sections is not without its challenges for anesthesiologists, such as severe hypotension from too much bupivacaine or insufficient anesthetic from too little.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to measure the efficacy of low dose of 0.5% Bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia during lower segment cesarean section.

Methods: This investigation was conducted at a tertiary medical institution as a cross-sectional comparison study between January 2020 and January 2021, where one hundred pregnant ladies participated.

Patients who volunteered to take part in the trial were randomly split into two groups: Group A got an intrathecal injection of 3 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (n=50), while Group B received an intrathecal injection of 2.5 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (n=50). Tossing a coin was used as a randomizer. The patient's heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were taken before receiving anesthesia. Each patient underwent a subarachnoid block (SAB) using a 25-gauge Quincke spinal needle using a midline route after being preloaded with 800 ml to 1000 ml of isotonic intravenous fluid. The entire process of injecting the hyperbaric bupivacaine took no more than twenty to thirty seconds.

The needle's bevel was aligned with the dura's fibers. All of the data was entered into SPSS-25 after being coded. Statisticians used both descriptive and inferential methods. Percentages, means, standard deviations, graphs, tables, figures, and inferential statistics were all part of the descriptive statistics.

Results: Most participants were between the ages of 26 and 33, and between 60% and 70% were multiparous over the course of the research.

In both groups, all patients were able to reach a suitable sensory level for surgical intervention, as shown below. However, ephedrine was advised for 89% of Group B patients to help stabilize their blood pressure, whereas only 19% of Group A patients needed ephedrine. There were no significant variations in fluid consumption (P > 0.05) between Groups A and C (894 126 mL vs. 720 212 mL). The newborn's Apgar score was 9 at 1 minutes and 10 at 5 minutes. Also, although 19% of people in group A reported feeling sick, 23% of people in group B did.

Conclusion: A lower segment cesarean section performed under an optimal dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine in the spinal anesthesia will produce excellent surgical conditions with little hypotension, in contrast to the low dose. Improved results require more research..
Influence of the Stage Number on the Quality of Domestic Waste Water Treated with Typha domingensis Filter Plants
Authors: Deguenon Hontonho Esperance Justine , Guevara Nonviho , Tometin Lyde Arsene Sewedo , Guehou M. Solange , Aina Martin Pépin , Sohounhloue C. K. Dominique
Published: January 2023

To achieve “good ecological status for water and aquatic environments”, extensive treatment techniques have been developed. The goal of this work is to study the two stages efficiency of filters planted with Typha domingensis. Two tanks in series of filters planted with reeds were used. Each tank consists of a tank of 1m3 in volume fitted with drainage pipes pierced with holes. Three different layers of gravel were laid over the drain pipes. From the comparison of the characterization of raw domestic wastewater and treated water, it appears that the reductions obtained at the outlet of the 2nd floor are more satisfactory than at the outlet of the 1st floor. The reductions at the exit of the 2nd floor are: 91.7% for total suspended solids; 98.3% for COD; 94.7% for BOD5; 79.9% for NTK and 49.8% for Pt.
Effect of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB on Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Kharif Green Gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors: Singh Gaurav Kumar , Yadav D. D. , Siddiqui M. Z. , Kumar Jitendra , Singh Vishram , Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Lal Chhote , Singh Anshul , Verma Shikhar
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2020 and 2021 at Kanpur,  India  to find out the effect of FYM, phosphorus and PSB on growth and yield of  Green gram variety Shweta. There were twenty treatment combinations of 4 levels of  FYM t ha-1: control (F0), 1.0 t (F1), 2.0 t (F2), and 3.0 t (F3), and  5 levels of phosphorus kg ha-1 and PSB viz.,  PSB only (P1), 20 kg P2O5 (P2), 20 kg P2O5 + PSB (P3), 40 kg P2O5 (P4) and  40 kg P2O5  + PSB (P5) laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design  and replicated thrice. The FYM, phosphorus, and PSB were applied as per treatment. The higher growth attributes and number of pods per plant, pod weight plant-1, test weight, seed yield, gross income, net income  and B:C ratio  were recorded with  3t FYM/ha among the FYM levels and 40 kg P2O5 /ha + PSB among the levels of PSB and phosphorus.
Evaluation of Thermotolerant Bivoltine Silkworm Breeds through Cocoon Yield and Filament Characteristics against Beauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv.) Vuill. Inoculation
Authors: Sahana K. P. , Gowda Manjunath , Narayanaswamy K. C. , Chandrashekhar S.
Published: January 2023

Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. being a poikilothermic insect is susceptible to both biotic and abiotic factors. The present study was carried to assess the performance of few thermotolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds under high temperature treatment (36 ± 1⁰ C for 6 hours) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv.) Vuill. inoculation (6.86 ̕X 104 spores / ml @ 0.5 ml / silkworm). Seven thermotolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., B1, B2, B4, B6, B8, APS12, and APS45 and two popular bivoltine breeds, CSR2 and CSR4 breeds and one popular multivoltine breed Pure Mysore were utilized for the study. Among the thermotolerant breeds studied, the breed B4 was found to perform better with respect to cocoon yield by number, cocoon yield by weight, average filament length, filament weight under both high temperature treatment and B. bassiana inoculation. CSR4 breed was found to be least performer for all the parameters. Therefore, the breed B4 can be a better parent for hybridization and improvement under both the stress conditions.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Nutritional Quality, Uptake and Yield of Wheat in Vertisol
Authors: Gund Hrushikesh B. , Ghodpage R. M. , Mairan Nishigandha R. , Kausadikar Padmaja H. , Mareddy Nirmitha , Gaikwad Sanchet Y.
Published: January 2023

The present investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2021-22. at Agricultural Botany research farm, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. The treatment tested were T1-GM*+100 % RDF, T2-Ghanajivamrut 5 t ha-1 at incorporation of  GM* + 50 % RD of NP through inorganic fertilizers + Jivamrut + Azophos, T3- Vermicompost  5 t ha-1 at incorporation of GM* + 50 % RD of NP through inorganic fertilizers + Jivamrut + Azophos, T4-Neem cake 2 t ha-1 at incorporation of GM* + 50 % RD of NP through inorganic fertilizers + Jivamrut + Azophos, T5-Ghanajivamrut 5 t ha-1 at  incorporation of GM*, T6- Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 at incorporation of  GM* + Jivamrut + Azophos and T7- Neem cake 2 t ha-1 at incorporation of  GM* + Jivamrut + Azophos. The result showed that the grain yield of wheat varied from 21.03 to 31.36 q ha-1 and straw yield of wheat from 27.45 to 41.10 q ha-1   It was noted the N uptake varied from 48.40 to 78.84 kg ha-1, P from 10.38 to 20.52 kg ha-1 and K from 48.80 to 77.82 kg ha-1. The protein content in wheat varied from 10.93 to 11.81 per cent, carbohydrate, crude fibre and calcium in wheat grain varied from 70.82 to 71.92, 2.56 to 2.63 and 0.40 to 0.48 pe cent, respectively. The methionine, cysteine and lysine content in wheat varied from 1.36 to 1.45, 1.41 to 1.47 and 2.42 to 2.53 g / 16 g N. The application of Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 at incorporation of GM* + 50 % RD of NP through inorganic fertilizers + Jivamrut + Azophos was found most suitable treatment in respect of crop yield, uptake of nutrient and quality of wheat.
Association of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level With Risk of Fractures in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Hussain Sultana Monira , Ebeling Peter R. , Barker Anna L. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Tonkin Andrew M. , McNeil John J.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been associated with osteoporosis. Preclinical studies have reported that HDL-C reduces bone mineral density by reducing osteoblast number and function. However, the clinical significance of these findings is unclear.

Objective

To determine whether higher HDL-C levels are predictive of an increased fracture risk in healthy older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study is a post hoc analysis of data from the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial and the ASPREE-Fracture substudy. ASPREE was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial of aspirin that recruited participants between 2010 and 2014. These comprised community-based older adults (16 703 Australians aged ≥70 years, 2411 US participants ≥65 years) without evident cardiovascular disease, dementia, physical disability, and life-limiting chronic illness. The ASPREE-Fracture substudy collected data on fractures reported postrandomization from Australian participants. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. Data analysis for this study was performed from April to August 2022.

Exposure

Plasma HDL-C.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Fractures included were confirmed by medical imaging and included both traumatic and minimal trauma fractures. Fractures were adjudicated by an expert review panel.

Results

Of the 16 262 participants who had a plasma HDL-C measurement at baseline (8945 female participants [55%] and 7319 male [45%]), 1659 experienced at least 1 fracture over a median (IQR) of 4.0 years (0.02-7.0 years). In a fully adjusted model, each 1-SD increment in HDL-C level was associated with a 14% higher risk of fractures (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.20). The results remained similar when these analyses were stratified by sex. Sensitivity and stratified analyses demonstrated that these associations persisted when the analyses were repeated to include only (1) minimal trauma fractures, (2) participants not taking osteoporosis medications, (3) participants who were never smokers and reported that they did not drink alcohol, and (4) participants who walked outside for less than 30 minutes per day and reported no participation in moderate/vigorous physical activity and to examine only (5) statin use. No association was observed between non–HDL-C levels and fractures.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that higher levels of HDL-C are associated with an increased fracture risk. This association was independent of common risk factors for fractures.
Trends in the Prevalence of Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Contact Allergy in North America and Europe
Authors: Reeder Margo J. , Warshaw Erin , Aravamuthan Srikanth , Belsito Donald V. , Geier Johannes , Wilkinson Mark , Atwater Amber Reck , White Ian R. , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Taylor James S. , Fowler Joseph F. , Maibach Howard I. , DeKoven Joel G. , Buhl Timo , Botto Nina , Giménez-Arnau Ana Maria , Gallo Rosella , Mowad Christen , Lang Claudia C. V. , DeLeo Vincent A. , Johnston Graham , Pratt Melanie D. , Brockow Knut , Adler Brandon L. , Houle Marie-Claude , Dickel Heinrich , Schuttelaar Marie Louise A. , Yu JiaDe , Spiewak Radoslaw , Dunnick Cory , Filon Francesca Larese , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Uter Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Importance

The common use of isothiazolinones as preservatives is a global cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Differences in allowable concentrations of methylisothiazolinone (MI) exist in Europe, Canada, and the US.

Objective

To compare the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to the methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) combination and MI alone in North America and Europe from 2009 to 2018.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group, European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA), and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) databases included data from patients presenting for patch testing at referral patch test clinics in North America and Europe.

Exposures

Patch tests to MCI/MI and MI.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to MCI/MI and MI.

Results

From 2009 to 2018, participating sites in North America and Europe patch tested a total of 226 161 individuals to MCI/MI and 118 779 to MI. In Europe, positivity to MCI/MI peaked during 2013 and 2014 at 7.6% (ESSCA) and 5.4% (IVDK) before decreasing to 4.4% (ESSCA) and 3.2% (IVDK) during 2017 and 2018. Positive reactions to MI were 5.5% (ESSCA) and 3.4% (IVDK) during 2017 and 2018. In North America, the frequency of positivity to MCI/MI increased steadily through the study period, reaching 10.8% for MCI/MI during 2017 and 2018. Positive reactions to MI were 15.0% during 2017 and 2018.

Conclusions and Relevance

The study results suggest that in contrast to the continued increase in North America, isothiazolinone allergy is decreasing in Europe. This trend may coincide with earlier and more stringent government regulation of MI in Europe.
The Role of Health Care in the 2022 Midterm Elections
Authors: Lewis Jarrett , Stryker Brian
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the extent to which health care issues played a role in the 2022 US midterm elections.
Epidemiologic and Genetic Associations of Endometriosis With Depression, Anxiety, and Eating Disorders
Authors: Koller Dora , Pathak Gita A. , Wendt Frank R. , Tylee Daniel S. , Levey Daniel F. , Overstreet Cassie , Gelernter Joel , Taylor Hugh S. , Polimanti Renato
Published: January 2023

Importance

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecologic pathology with a large negative impact on women’s health. Beyond severe physical symptoms, endometriosis is also associated with several psychiatric comorbidities, including depression and anxiety.

Objective

To investigate whether pleiotropy contributes to the association of endometriosis with depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This genetic association study was performed between September 13, 2021, and June 24, 2022, in 202 276 unrelated female participants. Genotypic and phenotypic information from the UK Biobank was combined with genome-wide association statistics available from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (11 countries), the Million Veteran Program (US), the FinnGen study (Finland), and the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium (5 countries).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were the phenotypic and genetic associations of endometriosis with anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.

Results

A total of 8276 women with endometriosis (mean [SD] age, 53.1 [7.9] years) and 194 000 female controls (mean [SD] age, 56.7 [7.9] years) were included in the study. In a multivariate regression analysis accounting for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, chronic pain–related phenotypes, irritable bowel syndrome, and psychiatric comorbidities, endometriosis was associated with increased odds of depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.61; 95% CI, 3.32-3.92), eating disorders (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.96-4.41), and anxiety (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.30-2.97). These associations were supported by consistent genetic correlations (rg) (depression rg, 0.36, P = 1.5 × 10−9; anxiety rg, 0.33, P = 1.17 × 10−5; and eating disorders rg, 0.61, P = .02). With the application of a 1-sample mendelian randomization, the genetic liabilities to depression and anxiety were associated with increased odds of endometriosis (depression: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.08-1.11; anxiety: OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13-1.65). A genome-wide analysis of pleiotropic associations shared between endometriosis and psychiatric disorders identified 1 locus, DGKB rs12666606, with evidence of pleiotropy between endometriosis and depression after multiple testing correction (z = −9.46 for endometriosis, z = 8.10 for depression, P = 5.56 × 10−8; false discovery rate q = 4.95 × 10−4).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings highlight that endometriosis is associated with women’s mental health through pleiotropic mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study to provide genetic and phenotypic evidence of the processes underlying the psychiatric comorbidities of endometriosis.
Rates of Bilateral Mastectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Fefferman Marie , Nicholson Kyra , Kuchta Kristine , Pesce Catherine , Kopkash Katherine , Yao Katharine
Published: January 2023

This cohort study builds on previous research from the National Cancer Database to assess whether rates of bilateral mastectomy continue to increase.
An Implantable Bioprosthetic Venous Valve to Establish Deep Vein Competence for Post-Thrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Cifuentes Sebastian , Ulloa Jorge H. , Rasmussen Todd E.
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the VenoValve bioprosthetic device, which is designed to improve valvular competence in the deep venous system of the lower extremities and treat deep venous insufficiency.
Association of Whole Blood With Survival Among Patients Presenting With Severe Hemorrhage in US and Canadian Adult Civilian Trauma Centers
Authors: Torres Crisanto M. , Kent Alistair , Scantling Dane , Joseph Bellal , Haut Elliott R. , Sakran Joseph V.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Whole-blood (WB) resuscitation has gained renewed interest among civilian trauma centers. However, there remains insufficient evidence that WB as an adjunct to component therapy–based massive transfusion protocol (WB-MTP) is associated with a survival advantage over MTP alone in adult civilian trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage.

Objective

To assess whether WB-MTP compared with MTP alone is associated with improved survival at 24 hours and 30 days among adult trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program databank from January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, included adult trauma patients with a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and a shock index greater than 1 who received at least 4 units of red blood cells within the first hour of emergency department (ED) arrival at level I and level II US and Canadian adult civilian trauma centers. Patients with burns, death within 1 hour of ED arrival, and interfacility transfers were excluded. Data were analyzed from February 2022 to September 2022.

Exposures

Resuscitation with WB-MTP compared with MTP alone within 24 hours of ED presentation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were survival at 24 hours and 30 days. Secondary outcomes selected a priori included major complications, hospital length of stay, and intensive care unit length of stay.

Results

A total of 2785 patients met inclusion criteria: 432 (15.5%) in the WB-MTP group (335 male [78%]; median age, 38 years [IQR, 27-57 years]) and 2353 (84.5%) in the MTP-only group (1822 male [77%]; median age, 38 years [IQR, 27-56 years]). Both groups included severely injured patients (median injury severity score, 28 [IQR, 17-34]; median difference, 1.29 [95% CI, −0.05 to 2.64]). A survival curve demonstrated separation within 5 hours of ED presentation. WB-MTP was associated with improved survival at 24 hours, demonstrating a 37% lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.96; P = .03). Similarly, the survival benefit associated with WB-MTP remained consistent at 30 days (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31-0.93; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, receipt of WB-MTP was associated with improved survival in trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage, with a survival benefit found early after transfusion. The findings from this study are clinically important as this is an essential first step in prioritizing the selection of WB-MTP for trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage.
The proline‐rich domain of fission yeast WASp (Wsp1p) interacts with actin filaments and inhibits actin polymerization
Authors: Rosenbloom Aaron D. , Pollard Thomas D.
Published: January 2023

Members of the Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) family activate Arp2/3 complex (actin‐related proteins 2 and 3 complex) to form actin filament branches. The proline‐rich domain (PRD) of WASp contributes to branching nucleation, and the PRD of budding yeast Las17 binds actin filaments [Urbanek AN et al. (2013) Curr Biol 23, 196–203]. Biochemical assays showed the recombinant PRD of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Wsp1p binds actin filaments with micromolar affinity. Recombinant PRDs of both Wsp1p and Las17p slowed the elongation of actin filaments by Mg‐ATP‐actin monomers by half and slowed the spontaneous polymerization of Mg‐ATP‐actin monomers modestly. The affinity of PRDs of WASp‐family proteins for actin filaments is high enough to contribute to the reported stimulation of actin filament branching by Arp2/3 complex.
Lipocalin 2 inhibits actin glutathionylation to promote invasion and migration
Authors: Choudhary Bhagya Shree , Chaudhary Nazia , Shah Manya , Dwivedi Nehanjali , P. K. Smitha , Das Manjula , Dalal Sorab Nariman
Published: January 2023

Invasive and metastatic tumor cells show an increase in migration and invasion, making the processes contributing to these phenotypes potential therapeutic targets. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2; also known as neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin) is a putative therapeutic target in multiple tumor types and promotes invasion and migration, although the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes are unclear. The data in this report demonstrate that LCN2 promotes actin polymerization, invasion, and migration by inhibiting actin glutathionylation. LCN2 inhibits actin glutathionylation by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by reducing intracellular iron levels. Inhibiting LCN2 function leads to increased actin glutathionylation, decreased migration, and decreased invasion. These results suggest that LCN2 is a potential therapeutic target in invasive tumors.
Enhancement of polyethylene glycol‐cell fusion efficiency by novel application of transient pressure using a jet injector
Authors: Chang Chin Yang , Tai Jiayu A. , Sakaguchi Yuko , Nishikawa Tomoyuki , Hirayama Yayoi , Yamashita Kunihiko
Published: January 2023

Cell–cell fusion involves the fusion of somatic cells into a single hybrid cell. It is not only a physiological process but also an important cell engineering technology which can be applied to various fields, such as regenerative medicine, antibody engineering, genetic engineering, and cancer therapy. There are three major methods of cell fusion: electrical cell fusion, polyethylene glycol (PEG) cell fusion, and virus‐mediated cell fusion. Although PEG cell fusion is the most economical approach and does not require expensive instrumentation, it has a poor fusion rate and induces a high rate of cell cytotoxicity. To improve the fusion rate of the PEG method, we combined it with the pyro‐drive jet injector (PJI). PJI provides instant pressure instead of cell agitation to increase the probability of cell‐to‐cell contact and shorten the distance between cells in the process of cell fusion. Here, we report that this improved fusion method not only decreased cell cytotoxicity during the fusion process, but also increased fusion rate compared with the conventional PEG method. Furthermore, we tested the functionality of cells fused using the PJI‐PEG method and found them to be comparable to those fused using the conventional PEG method in terms of their application for dendritic cell (DC)‐tumor cell fusion vaccine production; in addition, the PJI‐PEG method demonstrated excellent performance in hybridoma cell preparation. Taken together, our data indicate that this method improves cell fusion efficiency as compared to the PEG method and thus has the potential for use in various applications that require cell fusion technology.
High‐diversity seed additions promote herb‐layer recovery during restoration of degraded oak woodland
Authors: Kaul Andrew D. , Dell Noah D. , Delfeld Bradley M. , Engelhardt Megan J. , Long Quinn G. , Reid J. Leighton , Saxton Michael L. , Trager James C. , Albrecht Matthew A.
Published: January 2023

Seed limitation represents a fundamental constraint to the restoration of native plant communities, and practitioners often apply seed additions to overcome this barrier. However, surprisingly few studies have experimentally tested whether seed additions can increase diversity in herbaceous communities of oak woodlands, which have undergone large‐scale transformation due to logging, altered fire regimes and invasion by non‐native species. Previous studies suggest that structural (thinning of woody biomass) and process‐based (prescribed fire) restoration treatments alone are unlikely to restore the full breadth of taxonomic and functional diversity in the herb layer, which accounts for most species in woodland ecosystems.

To explore whether seed additions can improve restoration outcomes in an oak woodland, we sowed high‐diversity seed mixes in paired transects (seeded vs. controls) along a topographic gradient in a degraded site undergoing restoration with non‐native shrub removal, selective tree thinning and prescribed fire. Seed mixes contained native forbs, grasses and sedges from locally sourced material (n = 169 total species) in the regional species pool, and were designed to match species' habitat affinity to appropriate locations along the topographic gradient. The herb flora was sampled pre‐seeding, and for two consecutive years after additions.

Seed additions significantly altered community and functional composition, and increased native species richness by 29% (43.0 vs 55.4), and floristic quality by 30% relative to controls. However, fewer than half of the sown species were established 2 years after planting, suggesting that dispersal and establishment limitation are both important barriers to the recovery of the herb flora in oak woodlands.

We also tested if species' sown abundance, conservatism or functional group predicted establishment success. Species sown at high abundances and less conservative species recruited the most reliably. Grass and forb establishment rates were more dependent on seeding rate than sedges or legumes, and the mechanisms behind this trend merit further investigation.

We found that adding high‐diversity seed mixes in conjunction with non‐native shrub removal, canopy thinning and burning, can accelerate recovery of herbaceous communities in a highly degraded woodland.
Characterization of Ethos therapy systems for adaptive radiation therapy: A multi‐machine comparison
Authors: van de Schoot Agustinus J. , Hoffmans Daan , van Ingen Karel M. , Simons Martijn J. , Wiersma Jan
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The recently released Ethos therapy system (Varian Medical Systems) allows for online CBCT‐guided adaptive radiation therapy (RT). The clinical introduction of multiple systems requires machine characterization and machine variation quantification to allow patient interchangeability between systems. Despite several clinical introductions, limited vendor‐independent information on machine performance is available. Our aim was to determine the relevant dosimetric and mechanical characteristics of individual machines and to quantify machine variations.

Methods

Six Ethos treatment machines, equipped with a 6‐MV FFF beam including dual‐layer MLC and kV‐CBCT system, were recently introduced clinically after extensive machine characterization and pre‐configured beam model verification. Point doses and profiles were measured and compared to vendor‐provided reference data and dose calculations. Also, dose calculations were verified based on point measurements for non‐standard fields and dose distributions for optimized treatment plans. Agreements between dose profiles (dose distributions) were quantified using 1D (3D) γ‐analysis. Additionally, we quantified leaf transmission, dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) and couch attenuation, determined isocenter accuracy and kV‐MV isocenter coincidence and verified the kV‐CBCT system. Machine variations were quantified for all dosimetric and mechanical characteristics.

Results

For all machines, distinct agreements were found between measurements and vendor‐provided reference data as well as measurements and dose calculations. Mean γ1%/1mm values for all profiles were below 0.30. All profiles, point measurements and dose distributions matched well among the six machines. Minimal machine variations were found in terms of DLG (0.05 mm), leaf transmission (0.001%), isocenter accuracy (0.08 mm), kV‐MV isocenter coincidence (0.15 mm), couch attenuation (0.69%), and CBCT imaging dose (0.29 mGy).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates excellent agreement between individual Ethos therapy systems and vendor‐provided reference data as well as a pre‐configured beam model. Furthermore, our results show good consistency among all machines and provide valuable insights on relevant machine characteristics. The systematically obtained results provide benchmark data for future clinical introduction of Ethos therapy systems.
Lineage‐Mismatched Mitochondrial Replacement in an Inducible Mitochondrial Depletion Model Effectively Restores the Original Proteomic Landscape of Recipient Cells
Authors: Capelluto Fausto , Alberico Hannah , Ledo‐Hopgood Paula , Tilly Jonathan L. , Woods Dori C.
Published: January 2023

In addition to critical roles in bioenergetics, mitochondria are key contributors to the regulation of many other functions in cells, ranging from steroidogenesis to apoptosis. Numerous studies further demonstrate that cell type‐specific differences exist in mitochondria, with cells of a given lineage tailoring their endogenous mitochondrial population to suit specific functional needs. These findings, coupled with studies of the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transplantation, provide a strong impetus to better understand how mitochondria can influence cell function or fate. Here an inducible mitochondrial depletion modelis used to study how cells lacking endogenous mitochondria respond, on a global protein expression level, to transplantation with lineage‐mismatched (LM) mitochondria. It is shown that LM mitochondrial transplantation does not alter the proteomic profile in nonmitochondria–depleted recipient cells; however, enforced depletion of endogenous mitochondria results in dramatic changes in the proteomic landscape, which returns to the predepletion state following internalization of LM mitochondria. These data, derived from a cell system that can be rendered free of influence by endogenous mitochondria, indicate that transplantation of mitochondria—even from a source that differs significantly from the recipient cell population, effectively restores a normal proteomic landscape to cells lacking their own mitochondria.
Transport Across Cell Membranes is Modulated by Lipid Order
Authors: Färber Nicolas , Reitler Jonas , Schäfer Julian , Westerhausen Christoph
Published: January 2023

This study measures the uptake of various dyes into HeLa cells and determines simultaneously the degree of membrane lipid chain order on a single cell level by spectral analysis of the membrane‐embedded dye Laurdan. First, this study finds that the mean generalized polarization (GP) value of single cells varies within a population in a range that is equivalent to a temperature variation of 9 K. This study exploits this natural variety of membrane order to examine the uptake as a function of GP at constant temperature. It is shown that transport across the cell membrane correlates with the membrane phase state. Specifically, higher membrane transport with increasing lipid chain order is observed. As a result, hypothermal‐adapted cells with reduced lipid membrane order show less transport. Environmental factors influence transport as well. While increasing temperature reduces lipid order, it is found that locally high cell densities increase lipid order and in turn lead to increased dye uptake. To demonstrate the physiological relevance, membrane state and transport during an in vitro wound healing process are analyzed. While the uptake within a confluent cell layer is high, it decreases toward the center where the membrane lipid chain order is lowest.
3D Printing of Resilin in Water by Multiphoton Absorption Polymerization
Authors: Kam Doron , Olender Aaron , Rudich Amir , Kan‐Tor Yoav , Buxboim Amnon , Shoseyov Oded , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: January 2023

Resilin is an elastic rubber‐like protein found in the cuticles of insects. It incorporates outstanding properties of high resilience and fatigue lifetime, where kinetic energy storage is needed for biological functions such as flight and jumps. Since resilin is rich in tyrosine groups, localized photopolymerization is enabled due to the ability to introduce di‐tyrosine bonds by a ruthenium‐based photoinitiator. Using Multiphoton Absorption Polymerization 3D printing process, objects containing 100% recombinant resilin protein are printed in water at a submicron length scale. Consequently, protein‐based hydrogels with complex structures are printed using space positioning voxel polymerization. The objects are characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis using nanoindentation. Printing parameters such as printing speed and laser power are found to enable tuning the mechanical properties of the printed objects. The printed objects are soft and resilient, similar to native resilin, while presenting the highest resolution of a structure made entirely of a protein and better mechanical properties of common hydrogels and poly(dimethylsiloxane). Moreover, topography and mechanical properties enable cell growth and alignment without cell adhesion primers, thus facilitating biological applications. The fabrication of 3D resilin‐based hydrogel will open the way for potential applications based on biomimicking and in creating new functional objects.
Polymorphism‐Interface‐Induced Work Function Regulating on Ru Nanocatalyst for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Li Yunbo , Yang Chaoyi , Yue JianChao , Cong Hengjiang , Luo Wei
Published: January 2023

Exploring high‐performance Pt‐free electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media is highly imperative for the development of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Phase engineering is an effective strategy for boosting the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts; however, the fabrication of unconventional polymorphism‐interfaced metal catalysts remains a significant challenge. In this study, a polymorphism‐interfaced Ru nanocatalyst with a stable hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) phase and a metastableface‐centered‐cubic (fcc) phase is successfully prepared. Owing to the built‐in electric field and stacking fault on the unique polymorphic interface, the fcc‐hcp‐Ru catalyst exhibits outstanding alkaline HOR performance with a mass activity of 1016 A gPGM‐1, which is six and three times higher than that of conventional hcp‐Ru andcommercial Pt/C, respectively. The regulated electron distribution at the polymorphic interface is attributed to the discrepant work functions, which not only optimize the adsorption energy of hydrogen but also facilitate the water formation step to promote the alkaline HOR process. This study demonstrates that unconventional polymorphism‐interfaced engineering is an efficient strategy to regulate the electronic structure of metal catalysts and identifies the prominent role of the work function in alkaline HORs, providing a new avenue for the rational design of highly efficient materials for electrocatalysis.
Intrinsic Mechanical Compliance of 90° Domain Walls in PbTiO3
Authors: Nguyen Cam‐Phu Thi , Schoenherr Peggy , Seidel Jan
Published: January 2023

Functionality of domain walls and other topological defects in ferroelectrics is being widely investigated for applications in electronic devices. While the intrinsic electronic properties of a wall have been considered, its inherent mechanical properties remain explored very little, despite the fact that coupling between strain and polarization is prevalent in many of these materials. Herein, an in‐depth study of variations in nanomechanical properties at 90o domain walls and their adjacent domains in single‐crystalline lead titanate (PbTiO3) is presented as a prototypical ferroelectric material using a combination of various atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐based methods. Considerable variations of elastic moduli are found at 90o domain walls extending up to ~100 nm into the domain areas. AFM nanoindentation also allows to extract local domain wall hardness and plastic and elastic deformation energies. These findings have implications for the design of ferroelectric domain wall functionality that incorporates the intrinsic elastic compliance of a domain wall.
Lithium Difluorophosphate as a Widely Applicable Additive to Boost Lithium‐Ion Batteries: a Perspective
Authors: Wang Aiping , Wang Li , Liang Hongmei , Song Youzhi , He Yufang , Wu Yanzhou , Ren Dongsheng , Zhang Bo , He Xiangming
Published: January 2023

Lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is among the most widely applicable additives used to construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on electrode, which can improve the cycling performance and rate performance of high‐voltage cathodes and Li metal anodes at extreme temperatures. Regarding the working mechanism of LiDFP, reasonable but divided understandings have been proposed based on specific battery chemistry. Herein, the broad applications of LiDFP in various electrochemical systems are reviewed and a universal working mechanism based on the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of LiDFP is offered. Then, future directions of the missing part in mechanism comprehension are highlighted. Furthermore, the approaches to effectively apply LiDFP and other similar additives according to their limits are summarized. Finally, questions regarding the missing part of the mechanism are discussed by which LiDFP forms a robust SEI and how these lead to opportunities for future understanding and promotion of interfacial passivation. This study not only provides new knowledge on the mechanism of LiDFP and other existing additives but also helps inspire more effective additive applications.
Synchronous Visual/Infrared Stealth Using an Intrinsically Flexible Self‐Healing Phase Change Film
Authors: Deng Chengxin , Dong Hongsheng , Sun Keyan , Kou Yan , Liu Hanqing , Jian Weiwei , Shi Quan
Published: January 2023

Phase change materials (PCMs) have been particularly concerned as infrared stealth functional materials due to their superior thermal management capability. However, traditional PCMs usually behave rigid solid or flowing liquid states with fixed transition temperature, greatly limiting their application especially in multi‐band stealth and multiple scenes. Herein, an intrinsically flexible self‐healing phase change film used for synchronous visual/infrared stealth for the first time is designed and constructed. The phase change film possesses a solid–solid phase transition behavior with adjustable transition temperature (from 38.8 to 51.1 °C) and enthalpy (from 79.7 to 116.7 J g−1), long‐term cycling stability (500 cycles), and outstanding flexible and self‐healing performance. Remarkably, the phase change film can be customized with different colors and various configurations to exhibit attractive visual stealth functions in multiple scenes. Additionally, owing to phase transition property, this phase change film can possess a thermal management capability and behave infrared stealth performance for objectives at various temperatures. Combining the above unique functions, the intrinsically flexible self‐healing phase change film developed in this work may show great potential for applications in the synchronous visual/infrared stealth across a wide range of scenarios and temperatures.