bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TheDrosophilaLkb1 kinase is required for spindle formation and asymmetric neuroblast division
Authors: Bonaccorsi Silvia , Mottier Violaine , Giansanti Maria Grazia , Bolkan Bonnie J. , Williams Byron , Goldberg Michael L. , Gatti Maurizio
Published: May 2007

We have isolated lethal mutations in the Drosophila lkb1 gene(dlkb1), the homolog of C. elegans par-4 and human LKB1 (STK11), which is mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. We show that these mutations disrupt spindle formation, resulting in frequent polyploid cells in larval brains. In addition, dlkb1 mutations affect asymmetric division of larval neuroblasts (NBs); they suppress unequal cytokinesis, abrogate proper localization of Bazooka, Par-6, DaPKC and Miranda, but affect neither Pins/Gαi localization nor spindle rotation. Most aspects of the dlkb1 phenotype are exacerbated in dlkb1 pins double mutants, which exhibit more severe defects than those observed in either single mutant. This suggests that Dlkb1 and Pins act in partially redundant pathways to control the asymmetry of NB divisions. Our results also indicate that Dlkb1 and Pins function in parallel pathways controlling the stability of spindle microtubules. The finding that Dlkb1 mediates both the geometry of stem cell division and chromosome segregation provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying tumor formation in Peutz-Jeghers patients.
Cellular prion protein interaction with vitronectin supports axonal growth and is compensated by integrins
Authors: Hajj Glaucia N. M. , Lopes Marilene H. , Mercadante Adriana F. , Veiga Silvio S. , da Silveira Rafael B. , Santos Tiago G. , Ribeiro Karina C. B. , Juliano Maria A. , Jacchieri Saul G. , Zanata Silvio M. , Martins Vilma R.
Published: May 2007

The physiological functions of the cellular prion protein, PrPC, as a cell surface pleiotropic receptor are under debate. We report that PrPC interacts with vitronectin but not with fibronectin or collagen. The binding sites mediating this PrPC-vitronectin interaction were mapped to residues 105-119 of PrPC and the residues 307-320 of vitronectin. The two proteins were co-localized in embryonic dorsal root ganglia from wild-type mice. Vitronectin addition to cultured dorsal root ganglia induced axonal growth, which could be mimicked by vitronectin peptide 307-320 and abrogated by anti-PrPC antibodies. Full-length vitronectin, but not the vitronectin peptide 307-320, induced axonal growth of dorsal root neurons from two strains of PrPC-null mice. Functional assays demonstrated that relative to wild-type cells, PrPC-null dorsal root neurons were more responsive to the Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (an integrin-binding site), and exhibited greater αvβ3 activity. Our findings indicate that PrPC plays an important role in axonal growth, and this function may be rescued in PrPC-knockout animals by integrin compensatory mechanisms.
Dialectic Behaviour Therapy: A 12-Month Collaborative Program in a Local Community Setting
Authors: Prendergast Nicole , McCausland Jean
Published: May 2007

This study focuses on examining the efficacy of dialectic behaviour therapy (DBT) on female clients who meet the criteria of borderline personality disorder (BPD) within a community setting. A clinical sample of 11 women with BPD was provided with a 6-month DBT program that was collaboratively developed and delivered by Logan Women's Health service and Logan Central Adult Mental Health. Results indicate that DBT is an effective treatment for parasuicidal behaviour and decreased the frequency of medically severe suicide attempts. In addition, the duration of telephone contact, face-to-face contact and number and duration of hospital admissions decreased during the DBT program. The participants' psychological, social and occupational functioning improved. Of significance, depression levels also decreased on completion of the program. Future studies would benefit from a larger sample and a control group. This study demonstrates that DBT is an effective treatment for BPD clients within an Australian community setting and has many clinical benefits.
Changes in Functional Behaviour of Adults With Brain Injury and Spouse-Caregiver Burden With In-Home Neurobehavioural Intervention
Authors: Palmisano Barbara , Arco Lucius
Published: May 2007

A within-participant multiple baseline experiment evaluated effects of in-home neurobehavioural interventions on functional behaviour of 3 persons with brain injury, and their spouses' burden of care. The 6-week individualised interventions included in-home and telephone consultations. Measures consisted of functional behaviour of the injured persons, spouses' burden of care using the QRS-SF at preand postintervention and at 1 month follow-up, and social validity. Results show interventions were efficacious in improving functional behaviour, but effects on burden of care and social validity were mixed. One caregiver who presented with high levels of burden at preintervention reported reduced burden, while the other 2 who presented with low to moderate burden reported no changes.
Changes in Synaptic Morphology Accompany Actin Signaling during LTP
Authors: Chen Lulu Y. , Rex Christopher S. , Casale Malcolm S. , Gall Christine M. , Lynch Gary
Published: May 2007

Stabilization of long-term potentiation (LTP) is commonly proposed to involve changes in synaptic morphology and reorganization of the spine cytoskeleton. Here we tested whether, as predicted from this hypothesis, induction of LTP by theta-burst stimulation activates an actin regulatory pathway and alters synapse morphology within the same dendritic spines. TBS increased severalfold the numbers of spines containing phosphorylated (p) p21-activated kinase (PAK) or its downstream target cofilin; the latter regulates actin filament assembly. The PAK/cofilin phosphoproteins were increased at 2 min but not 30 s post-TBS, peaked at 7 min, and then declined. Double immunostaining for the postsynaptic density protein PSD95 revealed that spines with high pPAK or pCofilin levels had larger synapses (+60–70%) with a more normal size frequency distribution than did neighboring spines. Based on these results and simulations of shape changes to synapse-like objects, we propose that theta stimulation markedly increases the probability that a spine will enter a state characterized by a large, ovoid synapse and that this morphology is important for expression and later stabilization of LTP.
Reinnervation of Late Postnatal Purkinje Cells by Climbing Fibers: Neosynaptogenesis without Transient Multi-Innervation
Authors: Letellier Mathieu , Bailly Yannick , Demais Valérie , Sherrard Rachel M. , Mariani Jean , Lohof Ann M.
Published: May 2007

Synaptic partner selection and refinement of projections are important in the development of precise and functional neuronal connections. We investigated the formation of new synaptic connections in a relatively mature system to test whether developmental events can be recapitulated at later stages (i.e., after the mature synaptic organization has been established), using a model of postlesional reinnervation in the olivo-cerebellar pathway.

During the development of this pathway, synaptic connections between climbing fibers (CFs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) are diffuse and redundant before synapse elimination refines the pattern. The regression of CFs during the first 2 postnatal weeks in the rat leads to mono-innervation of each PC. After unilateral transection of the rat olivo-cerebellar pathway and intracerebellar injection of BDNF 24 h after lesion, axons from the remaining inferior olive can sprout into the deafferented hemicerebellum and establish new contacts with denervated PCs at later developmental stages. We found that these contacts are first established on somatic thorns before the CFs translocate to the PC dendrites, recapitulating the morphological steps of normal CF–PC synaptogenesis, but on a relatively mature PC.

However, electrophysiology of PC reinnervation by transcommissural CFs in these animals showed that each PC is reinnervated by only one CF. This mono-innervation contrasts with the reinnervation of grafted immature PCs in the same cerebellum. Our results provide evidence that relatively mature PCs do not receive several olivary afferents during late reinnervation, suggesting a critical role of the target cell state in the control of CF–PC synaptogenesis. Thus, synapse exuberance and subsequent elimination are not a prerequisite to reach a mature relationship between synaptic partners.
Impulsive Personality Predicts Dopamine-Dependent Changes in Frontostriatal Activity during Component Processes of Working Memory
Authors: Cools Roshan , Sheridan Margaret , Jacobs Emily , D'Esposito Mark
Published: May 2007

Dopaminergic drugs affect a variety of cognitive processes, but the direction and extent of effects vary across individuals and tasks. Paradoxical effects are observed, by which the same drug causes cognitive enhancing as well as adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate that individual differences in impulsive personality account for the contrasting effects of dopaminergic drugs on working memory and associated frontostriatal activity. We observed that the dopamine D2receptor agonist bromocriptine improved the flexible updating (switching) of relevant information in working memory in high-impulsive subjects, but not in low-impulsive subjects. These behavioral effects in high-impulsive subjects accompanied dissociable effects on frontostriatal activity. Bromocriptine modulated the striatum during switching but not during distraction from relevant information in working memory. Conversely, the lateral frontal cortex was modulated by bromocriptine during distraction but not during switching. The present results provide a key link between dopamine D2receptor function, impulsivity, and frontostriatal activity during component processes of working memory.
Monitoring Synaptic Function at the Neuromuscular Junction of a Mouse Expressing SynaptopHluorin
Authors: Tabares Lucia , Ruiz Rocio , Linares-Clemente Pedro , Gaffield Michael A. , Alvarez de Toledo Guillermo , Fernandez-Chacón Rafael , Betz William J.
Published: May 2007

We monitored presynaptic exocytosis and vesicle recycling at neuromuscular junctions of transgenic mice expressing synaptopHluorin (spH), using simultaneous optical and electrophysiological recordings. Synaptic transmission was indistinguishable from that in wild-type controls. Fluorescence rose during and decayed monotonically after stimulus trains to the nerve, with amplitudes and decay times increasing with the amount of stimulation. The relatively large size of synaptic terminals allowed us to examine the spatial profile of fluorescence changes. We identified hot spots of exocytosis, which were stable with repeated trains. Photobleach experiments showed that spH freshly exposed by nerve stimulation was not preferentially retrieved by compensatory endocytosis; instead, most retrieved spH preexisted in the surface membrane. Finally, we compared fluorescence and electrical [summed end-plate potentials (EPPs)] estimates of exocytosis, which diverged during repeated trains, as fluorescence exceeded summed EPPs, although the average amplitude of miniature EPPs was unchanged. This might reflect exocytosis of spH-containing, acetylcholine-free (“empty”) vesicles or other organelles during intense stimulation.
Learning-Induced Plasticity in Auditory Spatial Representations Revealed by Electrical Neuroimaging
Authors: Spierer Lucas , Tardif Eric , Sperdin Holger , Murray Micah M. , Clarke Stephanie
Published: May 2007

Auditory spatial representations are likely encoded at a population level within human auditory cortices. We investigated learning-induced plasticity of spatial discrimination in healthy subjects using auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) and electrical neuroimaging analyses. Stimuli were 100 ms white-noise bursts lateralized with varying interaural time differences. In three experiments, plasticity was induced with 40 min of discrimination training. During training, accuracy significantly improved from near-chance levels to ∼75%. Before and after training, AEPs were recorded to stimuli presented passively with a more medial sound lateralization outnumbering a more lateral one (7:1). In experiment 1, the same lateralizations were used for training and AEP sessions. Significant AEP modulations to the different lateralizations were evident only after training, indicative of a learning-induced mismatch negativity (MMN). More precisely, this MMN at 195–250 ms after stimulus onset followed from differences in the AEP topography to each stimulus position, indicative of changes in the underlying brain network. In experiment 2, mirror-symmetric locations were used for training and AEP sessions; no training-related AEP modulations or MMN were observed. In experiment 3, the discrimination of trained plus equidistant untrained separations was tested psychophysically before and 0, 6, 24, and 48 h after training. Learning-induced plasticity lasted <6 h, did not generalize to untrained lateralizations, and was not the simple result of strengthening the representation of the trained lateralizations. Thus, learning-induced plasticity of auditory spatial discrimination relies on spatial comparisons, rather than a spatial anchor or a general comparator. Furthermore, cortical auditory representations of space are dynamic and subject to rapid reorganization.
Visual Topography of Human Intraparietal Sulcus
Authors: Swisher Jascha D. , Halko Mark A. , Merabet Lotfi B. , McMains Stephanie A. , Somers David C.
Published: May 2007

Human parietal cortex is implicated in a wide variety of sensory and cognitive functions, yet its precise organization remains unclear. Visual field maps provide a potential structural basis for descriptions of functional organization. Here, we detail the topography of a series of five maps of the contralateral visual hemifield within human posterior parietal cortex. These maps are located along the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and are revealed by direct visual stimulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging, allowing these parietal regions to be routinely and reliably identified simultaneously with occipital visual areas. Two of these maps (IPS3 and IPS4) are novel, whereas two others (IPS1 and IPS2) have previously been revealed only by higher-order cognitive tasks. Area V7, a previously identified visual map, is observed to lie within posterior IPS and to share a foveal representation with IPS1. These parietal maps are reliably observed across scan sessions; however, their precise topography varies between individuals. The multimodal organization of posterior IPS mirrors this variability in visual topography, with complementary tactile activations found immediately adjacent to the visual maps both medially and laterally. These visual maps may provide a practical framework in which to characterize the functional organization of human IPS.
Sensory Deprivation Alters Aggrecan and Perineuronal Net Expression in the Mouse Barrel Cortex
Authors: McRae Paulette A. , Rocco Mary M. , Kelly Gail , Brumberg Joshua C. , Matthews Russell T.
Published: May 2007

An important role for the neural extracellular matrix in modulating cortical activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has been established by a number of recent studies. However, identification of the critical molecular components of the neural matrix that mediate these processes is far from complete. Of particular interest is the perineuronal net (PN), an extracellular matrix component found surrounding the cell body and proximal neurites of a subset of neurons. Because of the apposition of the PN to synapses and expression of this structure coincident with the close of the critical period, it has been hypothesized that nets could play uniquely important roles in synapse stabilization and maturation. Interestingly, previous work has also shown that expression of PNs is dependent on appropriate sensory stimulation in the visual system. Here, we investigated whether PNs in the mouse barrel cortex are expressed in an activity-dependent manner by manipulating sensory input through whisker trimming. Importantly, this manipulation did not lead to a global loss of PNs but instead led to a specific decrease in PNs, detected with the antibody Cat-315, in layer IV of the barrel cortex. In addition, we identified a key activity-regulated component of PNs is the proteoglycan aggrecan. We also demonstrate that these Cat-315-positive neurons virtually all also express parvalbumin. Together, these data are in support of an important role for aggrecan in the activity-dependent formation of PNs on parvalbumin-expressing cells and suggest a role for expression of these nets in regulating the close of the critical period.
Stimm-Bildung. Alltag, Skepsis und die Kritik der Kriteriensuche
Authors: Hampe Michael
Published: May 2007

Buchkritik über Stanley Cavells ‘The Claim of Reason’ in deutscher Übersetzung
Management of Osteomas of the Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Namdar Isaac , Edelstein David R. , Huo Jerry , Lazar Amy , Kimmelman Charles P. , Soletic Raymond
Published: May 2007

Craniofacial osteomas are benign tumors of the skull base, often involving the paranasal sinuses. The frontal sinus is the most common site of involvement, followed by the ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses, respectively. The growth rate is very slow, and it may take many years for osteomas to become clinically apparent. The origin of these tumors has been ascribed to embryologic tissue maldevelopment, trauma, or infection. The tumors are hard and lobulated with an ivorylike appearance, often mixed with a coarse granular component. The bone is compact or cancellous, with vascular or connective tissue components. The complications of osteoma growth are obstruction of sinus ostia, extension into adjacent bones and the intracranial cavity, and displacement of anatomic structures. Management of uncomplicated sinus osteomas is controversial, since surgery involves serious potential risks. When surgery is performed, these tumors can be successfully managed via endoscopic, open, or combined techniques. This article reviews the clinical findings, diagnostic studies, and treatment of 16 patients with paranasal osteomas. The indications for surgical intervention are discussed.
Tri-Nasal Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray 200 and 400 μg qd versus Placebo and Nasacort Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Aerosol 440 μg qd in Patients Suffering from Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis during the Grass Season
Authors: Rosenthal R. , Berger W. , Bronsky E. , Dockhorn R. , Korenblat P. , Lampl K. , Lumry W. , Pollard S. , Raphael G. , Rohr C. , Shapiro G. , Valentine M. , Wanderer A. , Fleming L. , LaVallee N. , Stepanians M. , Karafilidis J. , Shilstone J. , Ellis Elliot
Published: May 2007

Tri-Nasal Nasal Spray is an investigational solution of triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) currently being evaluated as a treatment for allergic rhinitis. The safety and efficacy of 200 and 400 μg once daily doses of Tri-Nasal Nasal Spray, an active control (440 μg once daily of Nasacort Nasal aerosol), and Tri-Nasal Nasal Spray placebo were compared over a 2-week treatment period in a double-blind (the Nasacort treatment was not blinded), parallel design trial. A total of 377 adult patients in 13 centers were enrolled during the grass pollen season. The primary efficacy variable was the weekly average of the SSI (Symptom Severity Index), the sum of daily nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing severity scores from the patient diary. A total of 355 patients completed the study. All active treatments were significantly more effective than placebo in relieving nasal symptoms at each treatment week. The 400 μg Tri-Nasal Nasal Spray and Nasacort treatments had a rapid onset of action, demonstrating significant improvement in the SSI versus placebo by the second day of treatment. Results for the individual nasal symptoms and other secondary efficacy measures paralleled those of the primary efficacy variables. Tri-Nasal Nasal Spray and Nasacort were comparable in safety, and in treating the nonocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Stephen Weber Long. Caring for People with Challenging Behaviors: Essential Skills and Successful Strategies in Long-Term Care. Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press, 2005.
Authors: Wilson Donna
Published: May 2007

Caring for People with Challenging Behaviors: Essential Skills and Successful Strategies in Long-Term Carerenferme de l'information éminemment utile pour quiconque dispense des soins à des personnes présentant des comportements difficiles. Quoique les prestataires de soins puissent être aux prises avec de telles personnes dans d'autres milieux de soins, le DrLong précise que c'est le cas de 80 pour cent des résidents en établissement de soins de longue durée, et que ces comportements sont pour beaucoup le principal motif d'admission dans l'établissement. L'ouvrage se révèle un guide précieux dans le relevé des causes internes ou externes des comportements problématiques et dans la détermination des moyens de prévenir ou de prendre en charge ces comportements.
Le mineur sujet de droit et la justice pénale : du « meilleur intérêt » à l’aliénation
Authors: Dufresne Martin , et Kathryn Campbell Richard Maclure
Published: May 2007

The recognition of the rights of young offenders under criminal law is a recent development and can be traced to the emergence of the Young Offenders Act of 1982, as part of the larger neo-liberal movement in Canadian youth justice policy. Through an analysis of the transformation of the rights of youths, in conjunction with several focus groups undertaken with young offenders, the authors discuss the emergence of youth as a subject, rather than an object, of rights. The ability of the young person to exercise the power that accompanies those rights appears to be limited by the arbitrary bureaucracy of the criminal justice process and by successive amendments to the law. In effect, while a youth's right to be heard is firmly entrenched in statute, the confusing and overwhelming nature of the court experience serves to alienate many youth and forces them to feel that they are, in effect, objects of the system, rather than autonomous subjects. Thus, in spite of neo-liberal discourses regarding the changing nature of the role of youth in criminal law, youth are in fact hardly liberated from the paternalism of the system, but rather continue to be held hostage by its limitations. Although under the Youth Criminal Justice Act, in theory, youth continue to be a “subject” of rights, in practice, the exercise of those rights is impeded by the constraints of the new law and expansion of extra-judicial measures.
The Functional Transitions Model: Maximizing Ability in the Context of Progressive Disability Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Slaughter Susan , Bankes Jane
Published: May 2007

The Functional Transitions Model (FTM) integrates the theoretical notions of progressive functional decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), excess disability, and transitions occurring intermittently along the trajectory of functional decline. Application of the Functional Transitions Model to clinical practice encompasses the paradox of attempting to minimize excess disability while anticipating the progressive functional decline associated with AD. It is suggested that times of functional transition are times of decision making and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration to identify and minimize excess disability, for revision of goals and expectations, and for provision of support to patients and caregivers. The model also is applicable as a conceptual framework for education and research.
Public Attitudes to Sentencing in Canada: Exploring Recent Findings
Authors: Roberts Julian V , Crutcher Nicole , Verbrugge Paul
Published: May 2007

This article reports findings from two representative public-opinion surveys that explored Canadians’ attitudes toward three important sentencing issues: the severity of sentencing; the purposes of sentencing; and mandatory sentences of imprisonment. As has been found by polls over the past 30 years, most Canadians believe that sentencing practices are too lenient. The same result emerged from a poll conducted in 2005: 74% of respondents held the view that sentencing is too lenient – a finding consistent with polls conducted throughout the 1980s. With respect to the purposes of sentencing, strongest public support emerged for the restorative sentencing objectives of promoting a sense of responsibility in the offender and securing reparation for the crime victim. There was less support for the more traditional purposes of deterrence and incapacitation. This finding represents a marked contrast to findings from the last survey that evaluated public reaction to sentencing purposes (in 1985). Slightly more than half the sample in 2005 expressed support for mandatory sentencing – a result consistent with opinion surveys from the United States and Australia. However, there was strong public support for mandatory sentencing legislation that also permits a limited degree of judicial discretion. The public appear aware of the dangers of an absolute mandatory sentence of imprisonment and support mandatory sentences in which courts may impose a lesser sentence where exceptional circumstances exist. The implications of these findings for sentencing policy in Canada are discussed.
CsAl(H2AsO4)2(HAsO4): A New Monoclinic Protonated Arsenate with Decorated Kroehnkite‐Like Chains.
Authors: Schwendtner Karolina , Kolitsch Uwe
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Competing Hydrogen‐Bond Acceptors in Ethylenediammonium Oxotrithiotungstate(VI).
Authors: Srinivasa Bikshandarkoil R. , Naik Ashish R. , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of Indium Intercalation on Various Properties of MoSe2 Single Crystals.
Authors: Vora Aditya M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Diagram of the TbBr3—RbBr Binary System: Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of the Rb3TbBr6 Compound.
Authors: Rycerz Leszek , Gaune‐Escard Marcelle
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rare‐Earth Metal‐Rich Antimonides: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Tm3Sb and Lu7Sb3.
Authors: Gupta Shalabh , Chen Ling , Ganguli Ashok K. , Corbett John D.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Catalyzed by a Water/Organic Soluble Manganese Porphyrin Complex.
Authors: Liu Shiuh‐Tzung , Reddy K. Venugopal , Lai Rung‐Yi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of N,N‐Dialkylhydrazines with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Goggiamani Antonella , Sgalla Simona
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Sulfinatodehalogenation: The Addition of Polyfluoroalkyl Iodides to Olefins Promoted by Sodium Bisulfite and Sodium Sulfite.
Authors: Wu Fanhong , Yang Xueyan , Wang Zhonghua , Huang Weiyuan
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) as a Green and Highly Efficient Promoter for the 1,4‐Addition of Thiols and Benzeneselenol to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Chu Cheng‐Ming , Gao Shijay , Sastry M. N. V. , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Lu Chaowei , Liu Ju‐Tsung , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SN2′ Alkylation of Chiral Allylic Cyanohydrin O‐Phosphates with Organocuprates.
Authors: Baeza Alejandro , Najera Carmen , Sansano Jose M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Enantioselective Cu‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions Promoted by a Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Brown M. Kevin , May Tricia L. , Baxter Carl A. , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Eight‐Membered Rings.
Authors: DeBoef Brenton , Counts W. Richard , Gilbertson Scott R.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Elemental Fluorine. Part 20. Direct Fluorination of Deactivated Aromatic Systems Using Microreactor Techniques.
Authors: Chambers Richard D. , Fox Mark A. , Sandford Graham , Trmcic Jelena , Goeta Andres
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Ruthenium and Copper‐Cocatalyzed Five‐Component Coupling to Form Dipropargyl Amines under Mild Conditions in Water.
Authors: Bonfield E. Ryan , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aryloxylation of Aldehydes with o‐Quinones.
Authors: Hernandez‐Juan Felix A. , Cockfield Dane M. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Imides Catalyzed by Cp*Ru(PN) Complexes and Its Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Paroxetine.
Authors: Ito Masato , Sakaguchi Ayaka , Kobayashi Chika , Ikariya Takao
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 5,6‐Substituted Furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines via Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynylpyrimidinols with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Liu Zhende , Li Dewen , Li Shukun , Bai Donglu , He Xuchang , Hu Youhong
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitroso Diels—Alder‐Type Bicycloketones Using Dienamine: Mechanistic Insight into Sequential Nitroso Aldol/Michael Reaction and Application for Optically Pure 1‐Amino‐3,4‐diol Synthesis.
Authors: Momiyama Norie , Yamamoto Yuhei , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 8‐Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazine Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Popowycz Florence , Bernard Philippe , Raboisson Pierre , Joseph Benoit
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tris(biphenyl‐4‐yl)silyl‐Endcapped Polyynes.
Authors: Chalifoux Wesley A. , Ferguson Michael J. , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient, General Synthesis of Racemic 2‐Substituted Ferrocenecarboxaldehydes.
Authors: Garcia Jason , Moyano Albert , Rosol Malgorzata
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heliannuols A (I) and K (II), Allelochemicals from Cultivar Sunflowers and the Marine Metabolite Helianane (III), Unusual Sesquiterpenes Containing a Benzoxocane Ring System.
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Tuhina Kazi , Bhowmik Dipal R. , Venkateswaran Ramanathapuram V.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Larger Scale Synthesis of a Natural Antibiotic, 2,4‐Diacetylophloroglucinol (DAPG).
Authors: Zakrzewski Jerzy , Karpinska Monika , Malinski Zbigniew
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Tulipalin B (V) and 1‐O‐Methyl‐6‐tuliposide B (XI)
Authors: Shigetomi Kengo , Kishimoto Takao , Shoji Kazuaki , Ubukata Makoto
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the LMN‐Ring Fragment of the Caribbean Ciguatoxin C‐CTX‐1.
Authors: Yoshikawa Keita , Inoue Masayuki , Hirama Masahiro
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Biochemistry of Drug Metabolism — An Introduction. Part 2. Redox Reactions and Their Enzymes
Authors: Testa Bernard , Kraemer Stefanie D.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Double Perovskites with Ferromagnetism Above Room Temperature
Authors: Serrate D. , De Teresa J. M. , Ibarra M. R.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nonlocal Electronic Distribution in Metallic Clusters: A Critical Examination of Aromatic Stabilization
Authors: Datta Ayan , Mallajosyula Sairam S. , Pati Swapan K.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From the Gomberg Radical to Organic Magnets
Authors: Shishlov N. M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of Fluorinated Heteroaromatic Compounds. Part 2. Five‐Membered Rings with Two Heteroatoms
Authors: Pace Andrea , Buscemi Silvestre , Vivona Nicolo
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐Nitrogen‐Functionalized 1‐Haloalk‐1‐enes
Authors: Schantl J. G.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecules: The Chemical Building Blocks of the Future
Authors: Zhao Fang , Zhao Meishan
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reduced XPC messenger RNA level may predict a poor outcome of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Yi‐Hui , Cheng Ya‐Wen , Chang Jinghua Tsai , Wu Tzu‐Chin , Chen Chih‐Yi , Lee Huei
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND.

Homologous deletion of the xeroderma pigmentosum complementary group C (XPC) repair gene frequently causes lung adenocarcinoma in mice, suggesting that an XPC defect may play a critical role in lung tumorigenesis. The current study attempted to determine whether reduced XPC mRNA levels predict the clinical outcome of lung cancer patients.

METHODS.

XPC, p27kip (cdk inhibitory protein), and S‐phase kinase‐associated protein (skp2) levels were evaluated by Western blot analysis in a series of lung cancer cell lines with different invasive abilities. Migration and invasive abilities were measured using a modified Boyden chamber without and with Matrigel, respectively. To test whether XPC affects cell invasive ability, XPC gene protein expression was reduced in low invasive cells by RNA interference (RNAi) and assayed with Boyden chamber. XPC mRNA levels in 126 nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) were examined by real‐time–reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The prognostic value of XPC mRNA expression was statistically analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS.

The expression of XPC was reduced with increasing invasive potential in CL1‐series lung cancer cell lines. When the XPC level was reduced by RNAi, cell migration and invasiveness increased markedly; the increased invasiveness may be caused by decreased expression of p27kip and increased expression of skp2 and E2F transcription factor 1. To determine whether reduced XPC expression was correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor patient survival, XPC mRNA levels were evaluated by real‐time RT‐PCR. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that the median survival of patients with lower XPC mRNA levels was shorter compared with patients with higher XPC mRNA levels (P = .0440). Cox regression analysis further indicated that XPC mRNA level may act as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients (P = .014).

CONCLUSIONS.

The results of the current study suggest that reduced XPC mRNA level may constitute an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The dependency of the validity of information integration on cognitive variables and the judgement task
Authors: Mattenklott Axel , Luutz Rainer
Published: May 2007

Simple models of information integration focus essentially on the combination of the components of information. This research investigated whether cognitive variables in the constructs of intelligence and cognitive complexity, as well as concentration, could predict the conditions of simple models of judgement. As additional predictors, the two qualitative variables [type of information] and [experience of the judgement task] were introduced. Subjects judged three types of stimuli using the pair comparison method. The conditions of the judgement models were analysed in the framework of the conjoint‐measurement approach. Five different regression functions provided mediocre approximations to the 10 conditions of the models, when the 9 cognitive variables were considered. The small differences did not favour one of the five functions. The introduction of the qualitative predictor [type of information] improved the estimations more clearly than the experience of the judgement task, the effect of which was small.
Influence of social factors in the development of the young child's moral judgment
Authors: Ruffy Michèle
Published: May 2007

In a series of seven different studies, the author attempted to test Piaget's theoretical position of social factors as primary contributors to the development of moral judgment.

Populations of American and Swiss subjects were presented with moral dilemmas stories opposing adult—child and child—child situations and classified into three moral levels (heteronomous, intermediate, autonomous). The influence of school was studied by camparing moral levels of subjects who had never attended school to moral levels of kindergarten and first grade students. Questionnaires sent to Swiss and American parents provided information about their attitude toward the children's socialization. Effect of interaction was measured by interviewing subjects individually, then in pairs and on an individual post‐test three weeks later.

Results demonstrate the role of social factors such as dynamic exchanges, discussions and oppositions in the learning of moral values. Cognitive conflicts are seen as fostering decentration and achievement of higher level responses through the equilibration process.
Research and publication trends in experimental social psychology: 1971–1980—a thematic analysis of the journal of experimental social psychology, the european journal of social psychology, and the zeifschrift für soziaipsychologie
Authors: Fisch Rudolf , Daniel Hans‐Dieter
Published: May 2007

The present study was designed to map out the area of research in experimental social psychology during the past decade. First of all, we found a broad range of topics that can be grouped info 21 general content domains. Theories in Social Psychology, Group Processes and Social Interaction, Social Judgement, Personality Variables and Specific Social Behaviour as well as Attitudes were the jive most widely researched fields of study. During the ten‐year period 1971–1980 Attribution Theory showed a significant increase in the number of articles published. Cooperation and Conflict as well as Risky‐Ship are lines of research which have nearly been abandoned. Finally, in rigorous experimental social psychology the analysis of Social Problems is evidently underrepresented. But a survey of the literature on Social Problems in the Psychological Abstracts from 1971 to 1980 revealed that social psychologists are currently serving both theoretical and practical ends.
Effect of incompatibility between internal and external group membership criteria on intergroup behaviour
Authors: Finchilescu G.
Published: May 2007

Group membership generally entails that individuals are both defined, and define themselves, as members of that group. This study investigated the effect of incompatibility between these definitions on intergroup behaviour. Subjects were allocated to one of two groups of differential status such that the allocation was compatible or incompatible with their self‐categorization. The results indicated that the effect of incompatibility depended on the status of the group imposed on the subjects.
The group as a self‐active system: Outline of a theory of group action
Authors: Von Cranach Mario , Ochsenbein Guy , Valach Ladislav
Published: May 2007

Human social systems, and groups in partlcular, are conceived as units which, as a whole, actively strive towards the achievement of external and internal goals. This ‘group action’ consists of simultaneous integrated processes on various individual and social levels. Our theory comprises four groups of constructs, which refer to task structure, group structure, information processing and execution. In an ongoing group action, the task structure is projected on the group structure; according to the resulting pattern, the group processes its action related information and executes the act. The latter two processes proceed on two levels, on an individual and on a group level. There are cognition, emotion and volition on the individual, and communication on the group level of information processing; execution proceeds in individual action and in cooperation. A specific part of the theory concerns analogies between individual cognition and intragroup communication.
Influence of profession on impression formation: Polarization and contrast
Authors: Petzold Peter
Published: May 2007

In the present study it was investigated how information about the profession affects the judgment of a person characterized by traits. Two main effects in judgments of likeability were found. More responsible professions produce a lower overall mean of judgments (contrast effect) and more polarized judgments than less responsible professions do. Additionally, an interaction of these effects with the scale value of the traits could be found. For higher scale values a striking difference between the polarization scores for more and less responsible professions was obtained, whereas for lower scale values this difference was small. To obtain more insight into the process underlying the influence of profession response probabilities were analysed using psychometric functions. Two mechanisms seem to mediate this influence: Firstly, the acceptability of the person to be judged is integrated as a peripheral dimension together with the likeability as a focal dimension into a decision continuum. Secondly, a neutral point of the function representing the relation between acceptability and likeability is integrated into an internal standard the value of the decision continuum is to be compared with. The analogy of findings in attitude research is discussed.
A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests
Authors: Baumeister Roy F , Showers Carolin J.
Published: May 2007

Paradoxical performance effects (‘choking under pressure’) are defined as the occurrence of inferior performance despite striving and incentives for superior performance. Experimental demonstrations of these effects on tasks analogous to athletic performance and the theories that may explain them are reviewed. At present, attentional theories seem to offer the most complete explanation of the processes underlying paradoxical performance effects. In particular, choking may result from distraction or from the interference of self‐focused attention with the execution of automatic responses. Experimental findings of paradoxical performance decrements are associated with four pressure variables: audience presence, competition, performance‐contingent rewards and punishments, and ego relevance of the task. The mediating factors of task complexity, expectancies, and individual differences are discussed.