bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence and perinatology: a study on accelerated academic production- a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Kılınçdemir Turgut Ümran
Published: February 2025

Objective

The main purpose of this bibliometric study is to compile the rapidly increasing articles in the field of perinatology in recent years and to shed light on the research areas where studies are concentrated.

Materials and methods

This bibliometric study was conducted using the Thomson ISI Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) system on May 4, 2024, with specific keywords. The abstracts of 1,124 articles that met the criteria were reviewed, and 382 articles related to perinatology were evaluated. Keyword co-occurrence, co-citation of authors, and co-citation of references analyses were conducted using VOSviewer (version 1.6.19). Out of these, 121 articles with 10 or more citations were analyzed in terms of their content and categorized under the headings “Purpose of Evaluation,” “Medical Methods and Parameters Used,” “Output To Be Evaluated,” and “Fetal System or Region Being Evaluated.”

Results

In this bibliometric study, it was found that the most frequently published journal among the 382 examined articles was Medical Image Analysis, while the journals with the most publications in the field of perinatology were Prenatal Diagnosis and Ultrasound in Obstetrıcs & Gynecology. The most commonly used keyword was “deep learning” (115/382). Among the 121 highly cited articles, the most common purpose of evaluation was “Prenatal Screening.” Artificial intelligence was most frequently used in ultrasound (59.8%) imaging, with MRI (20.5%) in second place. Among the evaluated outputs, “organ scanning” (35/121) was in first place, while “biometry” (34/121) was in second place. In terms of evaluated systems and organs, “growth screening” (35/121) was the most common, followed by the “neurological system” (33/121) and then the “cardiovascular system” (18/121).

Conclusion

I has witnessed the increasing influence of artificial intelligence in the field of perinatology in recent years. This impact may mark the historic beginning of the transition to the AI era in perinatology. Milestones are being laid on the path from prenatal screening to prenatal treatment.
Utility of the combination of IVIM-DWI MRI and baseline eGFR for identifying a high risk of chronic kidney disease progression
Authors: Yu Yazhen , Zhang Wei , Zhu Lina , Zhou Han , Liang Shaoshan , Zhang Longjiang , Liu Zhihong , Zhang Jiong
Published: February 2025

Background

Currently, the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the urine albumin level and renal fibrosis are the common risk and prognostic factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a proven noninvasive tool for assessing renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IVIM-DWI could be used to identify high-risk patients with CKD during long-term follow-up.

Methods

In this exploratory study, 62 CKD patients who were followed for 5 years and who underwent renal biopsy and IVIM-DWI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease in China were enrolled. We recorded baseline data, including clinical, pathology and MRI parameters, and evaluated the associations between baseline parameters and renal outcomes. The value of DWI parameters in predicting end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was compared with that of clinical and pathological data.

Results

The mean baseline eGFR was 78.1 ± 28.05 ml/min/1.73 m2, and the median eGFR slope was −0.07 (−0.43–0.06) ml/min/1.73 m2/yr. Sixteen patients eventually developed ESKD. The values of perfusion fraction (f) were positively correlated with the eGFR slope (rs = 0.54, p = 0.028). The results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUCs) of total apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCT), true diffusion coefficient (D) and f in distinguishing ESKD were 0.778 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.65–0.906; p = 0.001), 0.893 (95% CI 0.816–0.97; p <0.001), and 0.823 (95% CI 0.706–0.939; p < 0.001), respectively. For the combination of baseline eGFR with both D and f, the AUC was significantly greater than that for the combination of baseline eGFR and interstitial extracellular matrix volume [AUC 0.955 (95% CI, 0.909 to 1.000) vs. AUC 0.886 (95% CI, 0.803 to 0.969), p = 0.049]. Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that f was a risk and prognostic factor for ESKD after adjustment for baseline variables (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

The combination of baseline eGFR and IVIM-DWI outperforms pathological factors alone in the diagnosis of long-term kidney dysfunction. This study indicated that IVIM-DWI could be a promising tool for identifying patients at high risk of CKD progression.
Brain functional connectivity analysis of fMRI-based Alzheimer's disease data
Authors: Alarjani Maitha S. , Almarri Badar A.
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health challenge. Distinguishing AD stages remains a complex process due to ambiguous variability within and across AD stages. Manual classification of such multifaceted and massive data of brain volumes is operationally inefficient and vulnerable to human errors. Here, we propose a precise and systematic framework for AD stages classification. The core of this framework discovers and analyzes functional connectivity among regions of interest (ROIs) of a human brain. Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) is applied to extract features that reveal complex functional connectivity patterns in the brain. These features are then used as inputs for an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model to classify AD stages. The model's performance is assessed through comprehensive evaluation metrics to ensure robustness and reliability. Applying this framework on datasets which contain meticulously validated fMRI scans such as the OASIS and AD Neuroimaging Initiative datasets, we validate the merit of this proposed work. The framework's results show improvement in the collective performance of two-class and multi-class classification. Feeding ELM with MVPA features yield decent outcomes given a generalizable and computationally-efficient model. This study underscores the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately distinguishing AD stages, offering potential improvements in AD and AD stages detection.
High-throughput sequencing explores the genetic variability of endophytic bacteria in three Sichuan bamboo species (Phyllostachys edulis, Bambusa rigida, and Pleioblastus amarus)
Authors: Yan Kuan , Li Xinyi , Cai Yu , Meng Lina , Wei Qin , Zhao Xianming , M. Y. Heakel Rania , M. Atif Amr , A. Abd Elhamid Mohamed , A. Soaud Salma , H. El-Sappah Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Bamboo is a sustainable and degradable resource for sustenance, high-strength cellulose microfibers, and synthetic fiber in China. Endophytic bacteria enhance root development and ethylene levels, benefiting the host plants’ physiology.

Methods

We investigated the population, diversity, and abundance of endophytic bacteria in the leaves of three bamboo species—Phyllostachys edulis, Bambusa rigida, and Pleioblastus amarus—using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing.

Results and discussion

A total of 1,159 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained and further classified into 26 phyla, 64 classes, 158 orders, 270 families, 521 genera, and 811 species. The phyla with the highest abundance were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Myxococcota, and the highest genera included 1,174–901-12, Sphingomonas, and unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae. The relative richness of endophytic bacteria in the three species was in the following order: B. rigida > P. amarus > Ph. edulis. The PICRUSt functional richness analysis of endophytic bacteria indicated their involvement in six biological pathways: “cellular processes,” “environmental information processing,” “genetic information processing,” “human diseases,” “metabolism,” and “organic systems.” Among the 41 sub-functions, the most common were “amino acid metabolism,” “carbohydrate metabolism,” “cell motility,” “cellular signaling,” “energy metabolism,” and “membrane transport.” Our results provide precise knowledge for better managing bamboo forests and pave the way for isolating secondary metabolites and potential bioactive compounds.
Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila Timepie001 ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by alleviating intestinal injury and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Han Huan , Xiong Hui , Liu Zengli , Liu Xunzhi , Wang Hailin , Kou Jiaxiang , Yi Dewei , Shi Ying , Wu Hao , Qiao Jianjun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), known as a next-generation probiotic, has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects in various metabolic diseases. While there is not much research whether live or pasteurized A. muciniphila has different effects on intestinal health.

Methods

In the present study, a strain of A. muciniphila was isolated from healthy individuals, with the live and pasteurized A. muciniphila named Timepie001 and Timepie001+, respectively. They were administered to dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mice to investigate their influences on the host intestinal health.

Results and conclusion

The results showed that prophylactic supplementation with live and pasteurized A. muciniphila alleviates ulcerative colitis symptoms by retarding weight loss, preserving intestinal tissue structure, modulating inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), and enhance the colonic mucosal barrier by upregulating the expression of tight junction protein Claudin-1. Interestingly, pasteurized A. muciniphila has a better effect compared with live A. muciniphila. Moreover, pasteurized A. muciniphila can regulates the gut microbiome to maintain intestinal homeostasis. This provides theoretical support for the widespread application of postbiotics in the food industry.
Talking during walking: the diagnostic potential of turn dynamics in Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive aging
Authors: Mohammadi Hedieh , Maghsoudpour Adel , Noroozian Maryam , Mohammadian Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

Background

While gait analysis is well-documented, turn performance—which is a more complex task and involves multiple brain regions—has been less explored. This study aims to assess the diagnostic potential of turn dynamics as a novel tool for detecting cognitive decline.

Methods

We recruited 75 participants, including 26 neurotypical (NT) older adults, 25 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 24 with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Participants completed a dual-task walk and turn (DTWT) test using a dual Kinect setup while counting backwards by ones. Key measures analyzed included spatial-temporal parameters of gait and turn dynamics. Statistical analyses including analyses of variance and linear regression were performed to identify key features as well as to assess their correlation with cognitive performance.

Results

Gait speed and stride time significantly differentiated among groups in DTWT conditions. More notably, turn dynamics, particularly segmental peak speeds and step length, displayed stronger discriminatory power with more significant p-values compared to gait features. Linear regression analysis indicated that turn dynamics had stronger correlations with executive function and working memory, suggesting a more pronounced relationship between cognitive performance and turn features than gait variables.

Conclusion

In contrast to straight walk metrics, this study shows that DTWT turn dynamics are more sensitive to detect cognitive impairment. Consequently, incorporating turning movements into gait analysis techniques could enhance diagnostic protocols in clinical settings, offering a valuable tool for monitoring the progression of conditions associated with cognitive aging.
Rodent islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) selectively enhances GABAA receptor-mediated neuronal inhibition in mouse ventral but not dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells
Authors: Netsyk Olga , Korol Sergiy V. , Westermark Gunilla T. , Birnir Bryndis , Jin Zhe
Published: February 2025

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis but has been implicated in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. However, its effect on neurotransmission in the hippocampus remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of non-amyloidogenic rodent IAPP (rIAPP) on GABAA receptor-mediated neuronal inhibition in mouse dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we showed that rIAPP selectively enhanced both GABA-activated spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs) in ventral, but not dorsal, hippocampal DG granule cells. The effect of rIAPP on sIPSCs was completely abolished in the presence of the amylin receptor antagonist IAPP8–37. Interestingly, GABAA receptor-mediated tonic current density remained unchanged in either dorsal or ventral hippocampal DG granule cells during rIAPP application. This region-specific and inhibition type-specific effect of rIAPP is likely associated with differential modulation of presynaptic GABA release as well as postsynaptic GABAA receptors in the ventral as compared to the dorsal hippocampus. Our results suggest that rodent IAPP acts as a neuromodulator in hippocampal subregions by altering the strength of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory signaling.
20 Hz temporal interference stimulation can more effectively enhance motor evoked potentials in the primary motor cortex
Authors: Wang Yajie , Zhu Chunyue , Zhou Junhong , Fu Tianli , Yan Jinlong , Wang Bangyu , Lü Jiaojiao , Huang Lingyan , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study investigates the effects of temporal interference stimulation (TI) with different envelope frequencies on the cortical excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1).

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 26 participants completed four separate study visits. During these visits, they received 20 min of three types of TI (10, 20, and 40 Hz envelope frequency) and sham stimulation applied over M1 in a randomized order. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was employed to assess motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and resting motor threshold (RMT) over the left M1 (ipsilateral area) and right M1 (contralateral area) before, immediately after, and 30 and 60 min after stimulation.

Results

The blinding efficacy was excellent, and no severe side effects were reported. TI stimulation with varying envelope frequencies affected MEP differently; 20 Hz TI stimulation enhanced the MEP of the ipsilateral M1 with after-effects appearing at 60 min, and no significant differences were observed between the 10 or 20 Hz TI stimulation with sham groups. However, no significant changes in RMT were observed under any of the TI conditions.

Conclusion

20 Hz TI stimulation increased the cortical excitability of the ipsilateral M1, highlighting that frequency is an important factor in the modulatory effect of TI.
An action decoding framework combined with deep neural network for predicting the semantics of human actions in videos from evoked brain activities
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Tian Manli , Liu Baolin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Recently, numerous studies have focused on the semantic decoding of perceived images based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activities. However, it remains unclear whether it is possible to establish relationships between brain activities and semantic features of human actions in video stimuli. Here we construct a framework for decoding action semantics by establishing relationships between brain activities and semantic features of human actions.

Methods

To effectively use a small amount of available brain activity data, our proposed method employs a pre-trained image action recognition network model based on an expanding three-dimensional (X3D) deep neural network framework (DNN). To apply brain activities to the image action recognition network, we train regression models that learn the relationship between brain activities and deep-layer image features. To improve decoding accuracy, we join by adding the nonlocal-attention mechanism module to the X3D model to capture long-range temporal and spatial dependence, proposing a multilayer perceptron (MLP) module of multi-task loss constraint to build a more accurate regression mapping approach and performing data enhancement through linear interpolation to expand the amount of data to reduce the impact of a small sample.

Results and discussion

Our findings indicate that the features in the X3D-DNN are biologically relevant, and capture information useful for perception. The proposed method enriches the semantic decoding model. We have also conducted several experiments with data from different subsets of brain regions known to process visual stimuli. The results suggest that semantic information for human actions is widespread across the entire visual cortex.
Sex-specific prognostic utility of the sarcopenia index in all-cause mortality risk for patients with heart failure
Authors: Li Ming , Liang Yanying , Wu Baozhen , Zhu Ziliang , Wang Meifang , Chen Jianying , Chen Can
Published: February 2025

Background

The sarcopenia index (SI), derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, has emerged as a novel and accessible biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes. However, its sex-specific prognostic utility in heart failure (HF) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between SI and all-cause mortality in HF, with a focus on sex-specific differences.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 753 patients (median age: 69 years; 61% male) diagnosed with HF from a tertiary hospital in China was analyzed. Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were utilized to evaluate the relationship between SI and all-cause mortality. Stratified analyses based on sex were performed, and the incremental predictive value of SI was assessed by integrating it into traditional risk models.

Results

Over a median follow-up of 537 days, 143 deaths occurred. In adjusted models, a lower SI was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in male patients (hazard ratio: 0.98 per unit increase, 95% confidence interval: 0.97–0.99, p = 0.002). Males in the lowest SI tertile had a 1.66-fold higher mortality risk than those in the highest tertile (p = 0.004). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis further confirmed these findings, demonstrating significantly lower survival probabilities for males in the lowest SI tertile than for those in higher tertiles (Log-rank p = 0.0013). No such association was observed in females. Adding SI to risk models improved prognostic accuracy in males, enhancing the C-statistic from 0.749 to 0.764 and significantly improving net reclassification and discrimination indices (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The SI serves as a robust sex-specific predictor of all-cause mortality in HF, demonstrating significant prognostic value in males but limited utility in females. These findings highlight the potential of SI as a cost-effective addition to existing risk stratification models for male patients with HF.
Fecal microbiota transplantation improves hepatic steatosis induced by HFD in a mouse model associated with liver ILC1 regulation and indole-3-carbinol level
Authors: Hou Peng-fei , Yao Yu , Wu Ying , Yu Hong-tao , Qin Yu , Yi Long , Mi Man-tian
Published: February 2025

Background

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased worldwide. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become an important promising method for the treatment of MASLD. However, the mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

The animal model with C57BL/6 male mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks has been introduced. Fecal microbiota and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was given by oral gavage.

Results

Our study demonstrated that a 6-week healthy gut microbiota transplantation tended to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and reverse the decreased liver ILC1 induced by HFD. Interestingly, there was also a negative correlation between liver ILC1 and liver TG, TC level. Furthermore, the protective effect was associated with the elevated levels of serum indole-3-carbinol (I3C). Also, a I3C administration for 6 weeks improved liver steatosis and increased the frequency of liver ILC1 induced by HFD through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. Moreover, I3C binds to the residues of ALA349, PHE348, LEU309, TYR316, PHE318 on AhR through hydrogen bonds, Π bonds, hydrophobic bonds which was proved by molecular docking.

Conclusion

To conclude, our data demonstrated that FMT improved liver steatosis induced by HFD associated with liver ILC1 regulation and indole-3-carbinol level. The study highlighted the potential treatment value of FMT and microbiota-derived I3C in the MASLD treatment and regulation of liver ILC1 function.
Optimization of instant sweet osmanthus white tea: formulation, sensory evaluation, and antioxidant properties
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Fan Li , Lin Yiqin , Huang Yan , Zhang Jianming , Li Shaohua , Ma Chunhua , Cheng Xi , Koh Wee Yin , Tan Thuan-Chew
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to optimize the formulation of instant sweet osmanthus white tea (IOWT) and evaluate its antioxidant activities through in vitro assays.

Methods

Single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of sweet osmanthus-to-white tea ratio and the concentrations of β-cyclodextrin, erythritol, and citric acid on sensory properties and total flavonoids content (TFC) of IOWT. Mixtures of the dried ingredients were spray-dried to produce IOWT.

Results and discussion

The optimal formulation of IOWT was as follows: sweet osmanthus-towhite tea ratio of 1:5, 4% β-cyclodextrin, 6% erythritol, and 0.5% citric acid. This optimized IOWT formulation obtained the highest sensory score of 89.5 and a TFC of 25.76%. Using ascorbic acid as a positive control, the in vitro antioxidant activities of the optimized IOWT formulation were assessed by measuring its ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals, and ABTS radicals. At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, the optimized IOWT formulation exhibited scavenging rates of 88.01, 94.99, 97.57, and 99.11% against DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals, and ABTS radicals, respectively, indicating strong in vitro antioxidant activities of IOWT. This study demonstrated promising potential for the development of novel white tea-based products.
Innovative functional juice enriched with native probiotics for enhanced nutrition and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Tenea Gabriela N. , Perugachi Erika
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The increasing demand for consuming highly nutritional value foods based on fruits or vegetables in combination with “beneficial” lactic acid bacteria (LAB) expands the research on developing novel functional non-diary delivery vectors.

Methods

In this study, the native Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UTNCys5-4 (Cys5-4) and commercial Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC8014 (LP) strains have been targeted for probiotic properties in a novel designed tropical beverage containing yellow passionfruit (maracuyá) and coconut (MC). Furthermore, the quality of the newly fortified beverages, MCA (MC + Cys5-4) and MCB (MC + LP), was evaluated, along with their antimicrobial activity against two foodborne pathogens.

Results

The results showed greater cell viability of Cys5-4 (8.84 ×107 CFU/ml), whereas a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease was registered for LP strain (1.90 × 105 CFU/mL) on the 15th day of storage with refrigeration. An enhanced ascorbic acid content (AAC) and total polyphenol content (TPC) in both fortified juices (MCA and MCB), with MCA showing moderate TPC increases and MCB showing slightly higher improvements. Both fortified juices exhibited increased antioxidant capacity (AOX) compared to the non-fortified control (MC), emphasizing their enhanced functional value. An intrinsic inhibitory activity against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC51741 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 was observed in the MC juice during the first 6 days of storage, after which the activity was lost. In contrast, the inhibitory activity in both MCA and MCB juices increased up to 15 days of storage, suggesting a synergistic interaction between the antimicrobial compounds produced by the bacteria and those naturally present in the fruit, effectively enhancing their role as in situ antimicrobial agents. These findings validate the use of Cys5-4 as a promising probiotic strain for developing functional beverages with improved shelf life, sensory properties, and health-promoting benefits.

Conclusion

The synergistic antimicrobial and antioxidant effects underscore the potential of combining probiotics with tropical fruits like yellow passionfruit and coconut for innovative and nutritionally valuable non-dairy food products. These formulations present a promising solution for delivering native LAB strains, enabling the fruit and dairy industries to create healthier, market-driven products.
Efficacy and prognosis biomarker of locally advanced ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Li Shuman , Zhou Jie , Wang Qianli , Chen Jiewei , Qi Yapeng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Immunotherapy has rapidly advanced in tumor treatment. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), its use in neoadjuvant therapy has shown promising results. Several phase III clinical trials have confirmed that immunodetection site inhibitors in neoadjuvant therapy can enhance the pathologically complete response (pCR) rate.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 128 ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital from July 2019 to November 2023.

Results

Of the 128 patients, 31 (24.1%) achieved pCR, and 46 (35.9%) achieved a major pathological response (MPR). Female patients, low-level tumor abnormal protein (TAP), and moderate differentiation were significantly associated with a higher pCR rate and MPR rate. Besides pCR rate and MPR rate, low-level TAP and moderate differentiation had significantly longer PFS and OS. The mean PFS in the low-level TAP group was 42.4 months, significantly longer than the 28.5 months in the high-level TAP group (p = 0.019). The mean OS in the low-level TAP group was 43.7 months, compared to 30.5 months in the high-level TAP group (p = 0.027). The multivariate analysis showed that TAP and differentiation were independent prognostic factors for PFS, and the pCR rate was an independent prognostic factor for OS in ESCC patients treated with anti-PD-1. Thus, lower TAP levels predict a better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced ESCC patients. In clinical practice, serum TAP levels before neoadjuvant therapy can serve as a useful tool to predict the efficacy of this combined treatment.
Vitamin D status in children with COVID-19: does it affect the development of long COVID and its symptoms?
Authors: Perestiuk Vita , Kosovska Tetyana , Dyvoniak Olha , Volianska Liubov , Boyarchuk Oksana
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Long COVID is characterized by diverse symptoms persisting after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties of vitamin D, understanding its role in long COVID symptoms is of growing interest. This study aimed to determine vitamin D status in children with COVID-19 and assess its impact on the clinical course of disease and long COVID development.

Methods

A prospective cohort study included hospitalized children with confirmed COVID-19, aged 1 month to 18 years, diagnosed between September 2022 and March 2024. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured upon hospital admission, and follow-up was done to identify long COVID symptoms.

Results

In total, 162 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were examined. Vitamin D deficiency was determined in 8.0%, insufficiency in 25.3%, and optimal levels in 66.7% of children with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was observed in 73% of children over 6 years and 21.6% of children under 6 years of age. Comorbid conditions were 1.4 times more frequent in children with vitamin D insufficiency, with undernutrition and obesity playing the most significant roles (p = 0.0023, p = 0.0245, respectively). Serum 25(OH)D concentration depends on COVID-19 severity (p = 0.0405) and children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency had a longer hospital stay (4 vs. 3 days, p = 0.0197). The vitamin D status affected the median levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, their ratio, prothrombin time, fibrinogen levels, and the frequency of increased immunoglobulins M and E levels. Among 134 children who agreed to follow up, 56 (41.8%) experienced long COVID symptoms, while 78 (58.2%) recovered fully. Long COVID was frequently observed in children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (p = 0.0331). The odds of developing long COVID were 2.2 times higher (p = 0.0346) in children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency compared to those with optimal levels. Children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency more often exhibited neurological (80% vs. 41.9%, p = 0.0040) and musculoskeletal symptoms (16% vs. 0%, p = 0.0208).

Conclusion

The 25(OH)D concentrations in children with COVID-19 depended on their age. Comorbid conditions affect the vitamin D status in children with COVID-19. Vitamin D influenced the COVID-19 severity and duration of hospitalization. There was an increased risk of developing long COVID in children with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and its impact on the development of neurological symptoms associated with long COVID was established.
Exploring the glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory immune mechanism of artemether by AMPK/mTOR pathway and microbiome based on multi-omics
Authors: Jiang Tao , Du Peipei , Liu Dongxia , Chen Hetao , Ma Yujin , Hu Bin , Li Jingna , Jiang Hongwei , Li Xuejiao
Published: February 2025

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with high morbidity, which significantly affects human life and health expenditures. Previous studies have demonstrated that artemether (ATM) has anti-diabetes and anti-inflammation activities, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This research aimed to elucidate the impact of ATM on glucolipid metabolism in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model db/db mice and what kind of role the gut microbiota played, and explored the underlying mechanisms involved.

Methods

C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were treated with 80 and 160 mg/kg of ATM for 8 weeks, with metformin as a positive control.

Results

ATM treatment (160 mg/kg) observably ameliorated insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and pathological injury in the liver and pancreas. In addition, ATM significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and IL-17A, and significantly increased the level of IL-10 in diabetic mice. 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted GC-MS metabolomics result indicated that ATM restored gut microbiota dysbiosis based on increasing beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and reducing pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter and Prevotella leading to the accumulation of propionic and valeric acids and the reduction of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) release, intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage. Network pharmacology and metabolomics identified the AMPK/mTOR pathway as the main signaling involved in ATM improves glucolipid metabolism and inflammation in T2DM. Western blotting results revealed that ATM suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR, P38, P65, IKBα and IRS1 whlie increased the levels of p-AMPK, TLR4, and occludin in mice liver and colon.

Conclusion

Taken together, ATM may modulate the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, which in turn elevates the levels of SCFAs. The elevation of SCFAs, especially propionic acid, may activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway, leading to a decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-17A, while increasing the levels of IL-10, thereby alleviating the inflammatory state and improving glucolipid metabolic disorder in T2DM. These findings laid a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of ATM in T2DM.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of soybean bHLH transcription factor and its molecular mechanism on grain protein synthesis
Authors: Wu Nan , Jiang Tao , Feng Yongqi , Yuan Minghao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Soybean seeds have a protein content of about 40% and are widely used due to their unique nutritional value. Research has found that drought and nitrogen fertilizer environments are conducive to the formation and accumulation of grain protein. Nitrogen is an essential element for soybean growth and development, and is converted into grain protein through a series of pathways such as the soybean root nodule system. The earliest report on the regulation of nodulation by bHLH transcription factors in leguminous plants was in 2011, but the network regulatory mechanism of their involvement in soybean protein synthesis is still unclear.

Methods

This study we use BLASTP and HMMER to identified 296 soybean GmbHLH genes through whole-genome identification and systematic analysis and is classified into 29 subfamilies, by comprehensively analyzing complex biological issues such as gene structure, function, interactions, and regulatory networks.

Results

This study explores the life processes of soybean growth, development, metabolism, and resistance to adversity.The non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate (Ka/Ks) analysis indicates that most of the homologous genes have undergone purifying selection (Ka/Ks << 1). Cis-acting element analysis of the promoter revealed that this gene family plays an important role in stress response, growth and development, hormone regulation, and other processes. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR experiments indicated that GmbHLH genes were diversely expressed in different organs/tissues, and many GmbHLH genes were found to be differentially expressed under salt, and drought stresses, suggesting their critical role in soybean resistance to abiotic stress.

Discussion

The GmbHLH98 gene(LOC100778376), which is highly expressed under both drought and salt stress, was selected for functional validation. Molecular and agronomic trait analyses of positive transgenic offspring showed that the protein content of soybean seeds increased by 36.8%, indicating that drought and salt conditions promote protein synthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the synergistic regulation of drought and salt response and protein synthesis by GmbHLH98 in the future.These results provide fundamental information about the soybean bHLH genes and will aid in their further functional elucidation and exploitation.
Basic proposal for evaluation of plant genetic resources to generate new crops
Authors: Flores-Sánchez I. Darío , Sandoval-Villa Manuel , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris
Published: February 2025

Given the reduced diversity of foods available in production systems, a factor linked to malnutrition in society, it is necessary to evaluate new plant genetic resources for human consumption. Underutilized or abandoned plant species, wild, semi-domesticated or domesticated, are an alternative to this problem. However, the lack of skills in people interested in this species, and the little attention paid to these resources in research centers, leads to a lack of basic data on characterization and evaluation, and makes it difficult to identify germplasm with potential for improvement purposes or for direct use. The objective of the proposal is to raise a basic theme to characterize and evaluate plant genetic resources in greenhouses and hydroponics, to propose and generate alternative crops with topics such as seed germination, traits of agronomic interest, nutrient absorption, phenology, fruit quality and secondary metabolites, which serves as a methodological guide, and meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), on the need to generate data for the use of the biodiversity of underutilized or abandoned species, which will allow to increase the diversity of foods with important nutrimental content for the population.
Dissonance as a productive force in the emergence of alternative crisis support and impetus for social change—principles and organizational form of the association Open Dialogue Leipzig e.V.
Authors: Klatt Thomas , Crescenti Lea Goncalves , Kruse Therese , Nenoff-Herchenbach Irene , Schernau Sarah , von Peter Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This article examines the productivity of dissonance in the development of alternative crisis intervention methods, using the German example of the “Open Dialogue Leipzige.V.” The research provides detailed insights into the development of the association and the adaptation of the OD approach to local circumstances.

Methods

The presentation is based on a participatory research process, primarily processing interview data using the Grounded Theory Method. It analyzes the specific practices of implementing Open Dialogue within the association and the organizational and contextual conditions corresponding with it.

Results

Despite the challenges accompanying the introduction and sustainability of Open Dialogue in the German healthcare system, the organizational structure of the association—characterized by grassroots democratic principles and a community driven by a strong willingness to change—enables a successful application of Open Dialogue principles.

Discussion

The article critically illuminates how engagement, professionalization, and participatory learning mutually influence each other through the organizational form of the association, bringing forth an innovative crisis intervention that could potentially serve as a model for other contexts.
Psychological effects of horizontal price display: how left-right location shapes reference price and perceived quality
Authors: Park Eun Young , Jang Jung Min
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of display locations of regular and sale prices on reference price estimation, drawing on anchoring and adjustment theory and the left-to-right directionality in reading habits. It focuses on how the spatial positioning of the regular price relative to the discount price affects perceived quality and subsequently shapes reference price judgments. Conducted across both offline and online settings using varied product stimuli, three laboratory studies using comparative price advertisements that presented both prices on the same page consistently demonstrate that placing the regular price to the left of the discount price results in higher reference price estimations. The findings also confirmed that perceived product quality mediates the proposed effect. This research offers new insights into how the spatial placement of pricing information significantly affects consumer perception and decision-making, contributing to consumer psychology.
Effects of indoor biophilic environments on cognitive function in elderly patients with diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dai Jiajia , Wang Mohan , Zhang Han , Wang Zhengfang , Meng Xue , Sun Yanan , Sun Yuan , Dong Wenhui , Sun Zhiying , Liu Kuo
Published: February 2025

Background

The prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly diabetic patients is increasing, highlighting the importance of exploring strategies to prevent and ameliorate cognitive impairment in this population. Previous studies have focused mostly on improving cognition in elderly diabetic patients through three methods: medication, cognitive training, and lifestyle intervention. However, few studies have investigated the role of indoor biophilic environments in improving cognition. Biophilic environments improve human health by integrating natural elements into indoor architectural settings and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing stress and improving cognition. Therefore, it is worth exploring the effects of indoor biophilic environments on cognition in elderly diabetic patients. This study aims to investigate the effects of indoor biophilic environments on cognition in elderly diabetic patients, and the potential mechanisms.

Methods

This is a single-center, randomized controlled trial, which includes a short-term VR intervention and a long-term real environment intervention. In the short-term intervention trial, 64 diabetic patients over 60 years old are randomly assigned to 1 of 7 intervention groups or a control group. All intervention groups are constructed by single or various combinations of the 3 indoor biophilic elements: natural decorative paintings, indoor potted plants, and ornamental fish. The primary outcome of the short-term intervention trial is the cognitive scores assessed by DSST and BDS. In the long-term intervention trial, 240 diabetic patients over 60 years old will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The biophilic elements in long-term intervention will be determined based on the results of the short-term VR intervention trial. The primary outcomes of the long-term intervention trial are cognitive scores measured by DSST and MoCA, as well as concentrations of plasma p-tau181, esRAGE, and IL-6.

Conclusion

The findings will be utilized to develop a restorative living environment for elderly patients with diabetes to improve cognition.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier [ChiCTR2300072329].
Differential susceptibility effects of the 5-HTTLPR and MAOA genotypes on decision making under risk in the Iowa gambling task
Authors: Rehn Mattias , Nilsson Kent W. , Hultman Cathrine , Vadlin Sofia , Åslund Cecilia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The interplay between genetic and environmental factors, as explored through studies of gene-environment interactions (cG×E), has illuminated the complex dynamics influencing behavior and cognition, including decision-making processes. In this study, we investigated the differential susceptibility effects of the 5-HTTLPR and MAOA genotypes on decision-making under risk using the Iowa Gambling Task.

Methods

Data from 264 participants (138 women, 126 men) aged 18-22 years, from the 2015 wave of the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland (SALVe Cohort) was analyzed. Participants provided genetic data including the MAOA and 5-HTTLPR genotypes, and completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to evaluate decision-making behavior. Parent reports, including assessments of positive parenting styles and early life stress were used for cG×E analysis.

Results

In a General Linear Model, significant interactions were found among males for the 5-HTTLPR, with SS/SL carriers showing higher net scores with positive parenting and lower scores with less positive parenting in relation to decision-making under risk in the IGT (trials 61-100), indicating differential susceptibility effects. Male LL carriers showed minimal fluctuation in IGT scores. Similar effects were observed for males with the MAOA S-allele. No significant interactions were found for females.

Discussion

In conclusion, our study indicates that the 5-HTTLPR and MAOA genes demonstrate susceptibility to environmental factors in influencing decision-making under risk among males, as assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task. We anticipate that these findings will contribute to advancing the understanding of the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors in shaping human behavior and decision-making.
Noise exposure, hearing loss and cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study based on an occupational health surveillance cohort in China
Authors: Huang Lei , Li Linjuan , Wang Juan , Zhang Shushan , Wu Huiyi , Lan Yajia , Li Junying , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2025

Background

High-intensity noise is associated with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). There is also evidence that noise exposure is related to cognitive impairment. This research aimed to analyze the associations and potential pathways of cumulative noise exposure (CNE), hearing loss and cognitive impairment.

Methods

A total of 560 research subjects were included in this research from May 2021 to April 2022 in western China. The demographic features, occupational features, and CNE were investigated and examined. Hearing loss was evaluated according to the National standard GB/T 7583–1987 of China. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the potential pathways and specific effect sizes of CNE, hearing loss and cognitive impairment.

Results

The mean age of the research subjects was 34.3 (SD, 9.89). Men accounted for 96.4% (540/560) and women accounted for 3.6% (20/560). A total of 62.3% (349/560) held a college degree or above. The regression analysis showed that high dose CNE was related to MMSE (β = −1.069 (−1.539, −0.600)) and MoCA (β = −1.040 (−1.726, −0.355)) scores. The monaural threshold weighted value of the right ear (MTWVR) greater than 40 dB was associated with both MMSE (β = −1.183 (−2.033, −0.333)) and MoCA (β = −1.420 (−2.647, −0.193)) scores. The monaural threshold weighted value of the left ear (MTWVL) greater than 40 dB was also associated with MMSE (β = −1.540 (−2.389, −0.690)) and MoCA (β = −1.685 (−2.915, −0.456)) scores. The SEM result (Model C) showed that the standard effect of CNE- hearing loss path, CNE-MMSE path, and hearing loss-MMSE path were 0.142 (p < 0.001), −0.151 (p < 0.001), and −0.030 (p = 0.376). The Model D showed that the standard effect of CNE- hearing loss path, CNE- MoCA path, and hearing loss- MoCA path were 0.143 (p < 0.001), −0.048 (p = 0.267), and − 0.050 (p = 0.047). The CNE had only a direct effect on the MMSE score. Conversely, the CNE had only an indirect effect on the MoCA score, while hearing loss was borderline associated with MoCA. The total effects of CNE on MMSE and MoCA scores were −0.151 and −0.007, respectively.

Conclusion

Job-related noise exposure is not only associated with NIHL but also with early cognitive impairment in occupational groups. However, there is not enough evidence indicating that NLHL mediates the associations.