bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions including outdoor mobility on older adults’ physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and falls-related self-efficacy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Geohagen Olyvia , Hamer Lydia , Lowton Alexandra , Guerra Stefanny , Milton-Cole Rhian , Ellery Pippa , Martin Finbarr C , Lamb Sallie E , Sackley Catherine , Sheehan Katie J
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation interventions which incorporate outdoor mobility on physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and falls-related self-efficacy in older adults.

Design

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro and OpenGrey were searched systematically from inception to June 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of community-based rehabilitation incorporating outdoor mobility on physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and/or falls-related self-efficacy in older adults. Duplicate screening, selection, extraction and appraisal were completed. Results were reported descriptively and with random-effects meta-analyses stratified by population (proactive [community-dwelling], reactive [illness/injury]).

Results

A total of 29 RCTs with 7,076 participants were identified (66% high bias for at least one domain). The outdoor mobility component was predominantly a walking programme with behaviour change. Rehabilitation for reactive populations increased physical activity (seven RCTs, 587 participants. Hedge’s g 1.32, 95% CI: 0.31, 2.32), endurance (four RCTs, 392 participants. Hedges g 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.44) and outdoor mobility (two RCTs with 663 participants. Go out as much as wanted, likelihood of a journey) at intervention end versus usual care. Where reported, effects were preserved at follow-up. One RCT indicated a benefit of rehabilitation for proactive populations on moderate-to-vigorous activity and outdoor mobility. No effect was noted for falls-related self-efficacy, or other outcomes following rehabilitation for proactive populations.

Conclusion

Reactive rehabilitation for older adults may include walking programmes with behaviour change techniques. Future research should address the potential benefit of a walking programme for proactive populations and address mobility-related anxiety as a barrier to outdoor mobility for both proactive and reactive populations.
Identification and characterization of two Isatis indigotica O-methyltransferases methylating C-glycosylflavonoids
Authors: Tan Yuping , Yang Jian , Jiang Yinyin , Sun Shufu , Wei Xiaoyan , Wang Ruishan , Bu Junling , Li Dayong , Kang Liping , Chen Tong , Guo Juan , Cui Guanghong , Tang Jinfu , Huang Luqi
Published: June 2022

Isatis indigotica accumulates several active substances, including C-glycosylflavonoids, which have important pharmacological activities and health benefits. However, enzymes catalyzing the methylation step of C-glycosylflavonoids in I. indigotica remain unknown. In this study, three O-methyltransferases (OMTs) were identified from I. indigotica that have the capacity for O-methylation of the C-glycosylflavonoid isoorientin. The Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 efficiently catalyze isoorientin to form isoscoparin, and decorate one of the aromatic vicinal hydroxyl groups on flavones and methylate the C6, C8, and 3′-hydroxyl positions to form oroxylin A, wogonin, and chrysoeriol, respectively. However, the Type I OMT IiOMT3 exhibited broader substrate promiscuity and methylated the C7 and 3′-hydroxyl positions of flavonoids. Further site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that five amino acids of IiOMT1/IiOMT2 (D121/D100, D173/D149, A174/A150R, N200/N176, and D248/D233) were critical residues for their catalytic activity. Additionally, only transient overexpression of Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly increased isoscoparin accumulation, indicating that the Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 could catalyze the methylation step of C-glycosylflavonoid, isoorientin at the 3′-hydroxyl position. This study provides insights into the biosynthesis of methylated C-glycosylflavonoids, and IiOMTs could be promising catalysts in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Axioms for a Logic of Consequential Counterfactuals
Authors: Pizzi Claudio E A
Published: June 2022

The basis of the paper is a logic of analytical consequential implication, CI.0, which is known to be equivalent to the well-known modal system KT thanks to the definition A → B = df A ⥽ B ∧ Ξ (Α, Β), Ξ (Α, Β) being a symbol for what is called here Equimodality Property: (□A ≡ □B) ∧ (◊A ≡ ◊B). Extending CI.0 (=KT) with axioms and rules for the so-called circumstantial operator symbolized by *, one obtains a system CI.0*Eq in whose language one can define an operator ↠ suitable to formalize context-dependent conditionals (so to counterfactual conditionals) via the definition (Def ↠) A ↠ B = df *A ⥽ B ∧ Ξ (Α, Β).. The central problem of the paper is to identify inside CI.0*Eq + Def ↠ a set of axioms yielding the fragment consisting of all and only theorems in which only truth-functional operators and the two operators → and ↠ occur. This system, here called CI.0, is introduced in §3. In view of the intended purpose, it is introduced a complete and tableau-decidable system KTw, which is an extension of KT with axioms for the so-called quasi-variables w(A), w(B)… Three translation functions among the three languages used in the paper are then introduced. The first, Tr, maps every wff of form *A into wffs of form w(A) ∧ A and translates theorems of CI.0*Eq into theorems of KTw. The second, t°, translates theorems of CI.0 into theorems of CI.0*Eq by applying Def↠. A third one, t, translates theorems of CI.0 into theorems of KTw. As a consequence, it follows that t°A = TrtA. In §4 it is proved that CI.0 is complete w.r.t. the class of CI.0-models of form  where f is a selection function and R an access relation. It is then proved (i) that CI.0 models may be converted into KTw-models; (ii) that the truth-value of a proposition in a world of a CI.0-model is preserved in the same world of the derived KTw-model; (iii) that A is a CI.0-thesis iff its translation tA is KTw-thesis. It follows that, if A is not a CI.0-thesis, tA is not a KTw-thesis, so also that TrtA is not a CI.0*Eq-thesis. Since t°A = TrtA and t°A is a function built on Def↠, this proves that every t°-translation of a CI.0-wff that is a CI.0*Eq-theorem is a CI.0-theorem. Since the converse proposition is proved in §2, their conjunction establishes the desired result. In the final section, it is proved that CI.0 is tableau-decidable, that ↠ is not a trivial operator and that ↠ enjoys the positive and negative properties required in §1 for context-dependent conditionals. Some final remarks suggest that studying the relations between CI.0 and systems of classical conditional logic may be a promising line of investigation.
miR-92a-1-p5 Modulated Expression of the flightin Gene Regulates Flight Muscle Formation and Wing Extension in the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea)
Authors: Chang Meiling , Cheng Hao , Cai Zhiyan , Qian Yuxin , Zhang Kun , Yang Linlin , Ma Na , Li Dandan
Published: June 2022

Aphids exhibit wing polyphenism. Winged and wingless aphid morphs are produced by parthenogenesis depending on population density and host plant quality. Recent studies showed that microRNAs in alate and apterous individuals have differential expression and are involved in wing dimorphism of Acyrthosiphon pisum. From which miR-92a-1-p5 can target the mRNA of flight muscle gene flightin in vitro, but what effect they have on wing development of aphid is unclear. Here with the nanocarrier-delivered RNA interference (RNAi) method, flightin gene was knocked down in winged nymphs of A. pisum. Results showed that the majority (63.33%) of adults had malformed wings, the shape of dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) was deformed severely, the dorsoventral flight muscle (DVM) became wider and looser in aphids with flightin reduction compared with the negative control. Overexpression of miR-92a-1-p5 caused decreased expression of flightin and malformed wings of aphids, with a mutant ratio of 62.50%. Morphological analysis of flight musculature showed the consistent result as that with flightin knockdown. These results suggest that flightin is essential for flight musculature formation and wing extension in A. pisum, which can be modulated by miR-92a-1-p5.
Characterizing Divergent Experiences with the Same Wildfire: Insights from a Survey of Households in Evacuation, Postfire Flood Risk, and Unaffected Areas After the 2019 Museum Fire
Authors: Edgeley Catrin M , Colavito Melanie M
Published: June 2022

Households can experience the same wildfire event differently depending on the kinds of risks posed to them, among other factors. These experiences can influence support or opposition for local forest management. We administered a mixed-mode survey to households across three distinct groups with different sources of risk associated with the 2019 Museum Fire in Flagstaff, Arizona: houses in the wildfire evacuation areas, houses in the postfire flood-risk area, and unaffected houses within the city limits. Survey responses from 787 respondents confirmed that households experienced the Museum Fire and its associated risks differently and revealed continued support for active forest management in the Flagstaff area. Experiences, trustworthiness of information, and support for specific forest management outcomes varied across our sample populations, indicating that tailored communication may be needed for households who experience different risk associated with the same event. We conclude with considerations for communicating with the public in postfire environments.

Study Implications

There are significant differences in perspectives and attitudes between directly and indirectly affected households that experienced the same wildfire, including varied trust in information sources and engagement in communication about wildfire and flood risk. Therefore, more targeted communication about wildfire and postfire risk and forest management that tailors outreach based on different household experiences is needed. Future efforts to investigate populations affected by wildfire should account for potentially diverse household experiences and consider how that may affect communication about forest management during windows of opportunity after wildfire events. Differentiating approaches to risk communication is particularly important during compound disasters (e.g., a flood that occurs within a wildfire-affected area) to ensure information is shared by the right outlet for a given population as risk sources begin to layer temporally.
CLASP Introduction, Development, and Empirical Support
Authors: Miller Ivan W. , Gaudiano Brandon A. , Weinstock Lauren M.
Published: June 2022

This chapter introduces the Coping Long Term with Active Suicide Program (CLASP), which is a suicide prevention intervention process. Suicide behavior is viewed as a major public health problem as it is the third-leading cause of death across the world, especially for people between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Moreover, the chapter highlights how suicide impacts suicidal individuals and their respective families. Relatively few trials have been conducted in line with suicide prevention treatments in comparison to the thousands of trials for depression and anxiety. A successful empirical study resulted in the development of CLASP after including family intervention and commitment therapy. The completed and ongoing studies give a strong empirical database for the effectiveness of CLASP in suicidal behavior reduction among high-risk people.
Theoretical Rationale and Components of CLASP
Authors: Miller Ivan W. , Gaudiano Brandon A. , Weinstock Lauren M.
Published: June 2022

This chapter tackles the theoretical rationale and components of CLASP. The three major components of CLASP are three individual in-person meetings, one significant other/family meeting, and 11 brief phone calls between the patient and significant other. Fundamental decisions guiding the specifics of the intervention are target population, intensity of the intervention, and the dual modality of in-person meetings and telephone meetings. The CLASP intervention is focused on monitoring and addressing subsequent suicidal behaviors such as hopelessness, social and family support, problem solving, and treatment issues. The Family Intervention Telephone Tracking (FITT) intervention is the basis for the basic structure of the CLASP intervention. Additionally, CLASP is influenced by acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).
Adaptations for Specific Populations and Settings
Authors: Miller Ivan W. , Gaudiano Brandon A. , Weinstock Lauren M.
Published: June 2022

This chapter tackles the adaptations for specific populations and settings in line with the process of CLASP. Adaptations can be made to CLASP for the treatment of patients at risk for suicide in the emergency department, military veterans transitioning from inpatient care, at-risk people with serious mental illness (SMI), and the adolescent population. Additionally, significant others are greatly encouraged to coordinate with the advisor and patients during the phone call session. Integration within a social network has been proven to be a protective factor in reducing the risk of suicide. The family and value orientation are factors to be considered in the assessment of adolescent patients.
Requirements and Training of CLASP Advisors
Authors: Miller Ivan W. , Gaudiano Brandon A. , Weinstock Lauren M.
Published: June 2022

This chapter narrates the requirements and training of CLASP advisors. It is vital for CLASP advisors to have a background in the delivery of structured behavioral intervention, a master’s degree in mental health counseling, and a foundation of general clinic management skills. Moreover, advisors are evaluated using CLASP Adherence and Competence Scales following their initial didactic training. Clinicians are required to be trained in properly assessing suicide, homicide, or safety risks in an effort to develop a specific safety and intervention plan to manage risk. Additionally, the chapter notes the significance of conducting practice with staff and colleagues, and therapist supervision and training.
Stabilizing Unhealthy and Unsafe Behaviors
Authors: Brand Bethany L. , Schielke Hugo J. , Schiavone Francesca , Lanius Ruth A.
Published: June 2022

This chapter offers a framework for understanding and stabilizing risky, unhealthy, and unsafe behaviors. Topics discussed include the importance of approaching this work in a collaborative, trauma-informed way that emphasizes the patient’s autonomy; recognizing risky, unhealthy, and unsafe behaviors as attempts to self-regulate; and providing training and guidance regarding healthy ways to self-regulate as a foundation for changes in these patterns. The chapter also addresses the fears patients experience related to making these kinds of changes, and the importance of looking for the particular functions and the risks and benefits of specific behaviors, especially in relation to the patient’s goals for themselves. This chapter includes roleplays illustrating useful approaches and specific language to address common challenges encountered in working with individuals with trauma-related disorders, such as experiencing ongoing interpersonal violence, potentially risky choices, and ways to improve safety in relationships.
No Longer Welcome
Authors: Zinsser Katherine M.
Published: June 2022

For over 15 years, researchers have described a crisis in early learning classrooms in the United States. Hundreds of children are expelled from child-care programs and preschools every day, a rate nearly three times that of kindergarten–12th grade students. While policymakers have taken steps to mitigate this crisis, disparities in who is expelled persist. Boys and Black children are routinely over-represented among those pushed out of the exact environments supposed to help prepare them for school. Each child’s expulsion is symptomatic of a larger crisis—an overburdened, underfunded, undervalued, and fragmented early education system.
No Longer Welcome starts a critical conversation between and across sectors of the early childhood field. Parents, teachers, preschool administrators, researchers, and policymakers all have a role to play in ensuring that all children have the opportunity to be retained in high-quality early care and education settings. Drawing on research and interviews with teachers, program administrators, parents, and policymakers, this book presents a detailed description of the myriad of factors contributing to the expulsion crisis. No Longer Welcome offers a compelling argument for the importance of ending the practice of excluding young children and outlines roles that each and every member of the field (from classroom aide to legislator) must play in sustaining this change.
A Challenge for Whom?
Authors: Zinsser Katherine M.
Published: June 2022

Elijah, a 4-year-old Black boy, was expelled because his teachers could not manage his classroom behavior. But what exactly was so challenging about his behavior? And why did his teachers, in particular, interpret it that way? This chapter contextualizes young children’s classroom behavior by exploring how language development, early adversities, and normative social learning all contribute to children’s abilities to regulate their emotions and actions. It also begins to place adults’ decision-making regarding expulsion within an organizational context and as part of maintaining the safety of staff of students. Readers are presented with evidence from numerous studies to challenge their thinking about challenging behavior and begin to question the subjectivity of our perceptions of young children.
The Advantages of Conscious Interiority
Authors: McVeigh Brian J.
Published: June 2022

This chapter explores FOCI and categorizes them into three clusters—place, positioning, person—and explains their relation to corrective cognition. The thirteen FOCI are: (1) mind-space (an introspectable stage for manipulating mental imagery); (2) introception (exploiting quasi-perceptions and semi-hallucinations); (3) observing self (“I” or interiorizing one’s person); (4) observed self (“me” or increasing role-diversity and self-flexibility); (5) self-narratization (mapping a personal timeline to better plan one’s goals); (6) excerption (editing mental representations for higher-level conceptualization); (7) consilience (fitting concepts together more efficiently to augment abstraction); (8) concentration (peripheralizing unrelated mental content); (9) suppression (censoring distressing thoughts); (10) self-authorization (legitimizing one’s behavior, volitions, and intentions); (11) self-autonomy (how a sense of agency builds one’s resilience and confidence); (12) self-individuation (revealing personal strengths and uniqueness); (13) self-reflexivity (cultivating insight, self-objectivity, and self-corrective abilities).
Treating Mental Illness and Facilitating Mental Well-Being
Authors: McVeigh Brian J.
Published: June 2022

This chapter explores the challenges of categorizing and diagnosing mental health disorders, as well as interdisciplinary issues. Context is provided by putting mental disorders in historical context and discerning the differences between therapeutic and paratherapeutic interventions. Also investigated is the dimensionality of mental disorders; a number of continua are introduced to put into perspective depression, mania, anxiety, psychosis, focus, substance abuse, autism, and personality disorders. This chapter also explores the “complete state model” which incorporates well-being, as well as the presence or absence of mental illness. The value of acknowledging the role of mental well-being in a complete state model of psychic health, treatment selection, and how these all relate to FOCI are delineated. Also treated is therapeutically focused FOCI; psychotherapy integration and systematic treatment selection; selecting the appropriate treatment; character strengths and FOCI; and limitations of the therapeutic applications of FOCI.
The Self-Organizing Mind
Authors: McVeigh Brian J.
Published: June 2022

The word “change” appears quite often in much of the psychotherapeutic literature; such ubiquity results in the term sounding insipid and anodyne. However, change should be viewed as possessing active, goal-oriented connotations. This chapter explores how patterned activities help reset the mind, both in its intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects, by adjusting to transitions and transformations. The working premise is that the psyche is inherently adaptive and that it is incessantly accommodating and adopting resources from outside itself to renovate and expand its capabilities. The pivotal, explanatory concept is “adaptive phasic structurations” (APSs). Concrete examples include rituals, ceremonies, stages of change, and psychosocial adjustment elicited in psychotherapeutic sessions. The function of order, chaos, reordering, and liminality in explaining how APSs facilitate positive therapeutic repair of the psyche is examined. To illustrate this chapter’s points, examples of “stages of change” are provided.
Emotions and Conscious Interiority
Authors: McVeigh Brian J.
Published: June 2022

This chapter takes as its theoretical linchpin Jaynes’s two-tiered theory of emotions, i.e., a layer of feelings culturally constructed over basic affects from mammalian evolution. This conscious interiorization of basic affects has both advantages and disadvantages. Meta-emotions grant us the benefit of having a larger menu of more precise, nuanced feelings that enhance interpersonal communication. But the drawback is that such an extensive list of choices can complicate our reactions by obscuring the original affect. Moreover, meta-framed emotions become more intense and prolonged since our narratizing selves project them into the past or “futurize” them, turning them into never-dying ghosts with sentiments and old resentments that haunt our psychoscape. In order to look at affects from a clinical perspective, this chapter examines emotionally focused therapy (EFT), which aims to expand and reorganize emotional reactions; strengthen the bond between individuals; and encourage patients to reframe emotional assumptions and establish healthier interrelations.
Hypnosis and Meditation
Authors: McVeigh Brian J.
Published: June 2022

Taken together, the various manifestations of mentality—conscious interiority, hypnosis, and meditation—are like a colorful tapestry with different patterns but woven together with the same threads. The challenge is disentangling the threads so as to understand the psychological processes behind these phenomena. This is the goal of this chapter. Understanding hypnosis and meditation improves one’s understanding of cognition and conscious interiority, as well as allowing the development of better therapeutic techniques. Importantly for any therapeutic implications, meditative practices provide an effective method of gaining control over automatic processes. This chapter adopts a Jaynesian perspective on hypnosis and views meditation as a type of meta-framing (regulating conscious interiority to promote insight): the collective cognitive imperative; suspending FOCI through induction; trancing as a diminution of FOCI. Suggestibility is conceptualized as a therapeutic communication granting and receiving authorization to change oneself.
Additional principles that govern the release of pre-ribosomes from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm in yeast
Authors: LaPeruta Amber J , Micic Jelena , Woolford Jr. John L
Published: June 2022

During eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, pre-ribosomes travel from the nucleolus, where assembly is initiated, to the nucleoplasm and then are exported to the cytoplasm, where assembly concludes. Although nuclear export of pre-ribosomes has been extensively investigated, the release of pre-ribosomes from the nucleolus is an understudied phenomenon. Initial data indicate that unfolded rRNA interacts in trans with nucleolar components and that, when rRNA folds due to ribosomal protein (RP) binding, the number of trans interactions drops below the threshold necessary for nucleolar retention. To validate and expand on this idea, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the protein components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome assembly pathway. We found that ribosome biogenesis factors (RiBi factors) contain significantly more predicted trans interacting regions than RPs. We also analyzed cryo-EM structures of ribosome assembly intermediates to determine how nucleolar pre-ribosomes differ from post-nucleolar pre-ribosomes, specifically the capacity of RPs, RiBi factors, and rRNA components to interact in trans. We observed a significant decrease in the theoretical trans-interacting capability of pre-ribosomes between nucleolar and post-nucleolar stages of assembly due to the release of RiBi factors from particles and the folding of rRNA. Here, we provide a mechanism for the release of pre-ribosomes from the nucleolus.
Insights into the product release mechanism of dengue virus NS3 helicase
Authors: Adler Natalia S , Cababie Leila A , Sarto Carolina , Cavasotto Claudio N , Gebhard Leopoldo G , Estrin Darío A , Gamarnik Andrea V , Arrar Mehrnoosh , Kaufman Sergio B
Published: June 2022

The non-structural protein 3 helicase (NS3h) is a multifunctional protein that is critical in RNA replication and other stages in the flavivirus life cycle. NS3h uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to translocate along single stranded nucleic acid and to unwind double stranded RNA. Here we present a detailed mechanistic analysis of the product release stage in the catalytic cycle of the dengue virus (DENV) NS3h. This study is based on a combined experimental and computational approach of product-inhibition studies and free energy calculations. Our results support a model in which the catalytic cycle of ATP hydrolysis proceeds through an ordered sequential mechanism that includes a ternary complex intermediate (NS3h-Pi-ADP), which evolves releasing the first product, phosphate (Pi), and subsequently ADP. Our results indicate that in the product release stage of the DENV NS3h a novel open-loop conformation plays an important role that may be conserved in NS3 proteins of other flaviviruses as well.
AtNusG, a chloroplast nucleoid protein of bacterial origin linking chloroplast transcriptional and translational machineries, is required for proper chloroplast gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xiong Hai-Bo , Pan Hui-Min , Long Qiao-Ying , Wang Zi-Yuan , Qu Wan-Tong , Mei Tong , Zhang Nan , Xu Xiao-Feng , Yang Zhong-Nan , Yu Qing-Bo
Published: June 2022

In Escherichia coli, transcription-translation coupling is mediated by NusG. Although chloroplasts are descendants of endosymbiotic prokaryotes, the mechanism underlying this coupling in chloroplasts remains unclear. Here, we report transcription-translation coupling through AtNusG in chloroplasts. AtNusG is localized in chloroplast nucleoids and is closely associated with the chloroplast PEP complex by interacting with its essential component PAP9. It also comigrates with chloroplast ribosomes and interacts with their two components PRPS5 (uS5c) and PRPS10 (uS10c). These data suggest that the transcription and translation machineries are coupled in chloroplasts. In the atnusg mutant, the accumulation of chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic gene transcripts, such as psbA, psbB, psbC and psbD, was not obviously changed, but that of their proteins was clearly decreased. Chloroplast polysomic analysis indicated that the decrease in these proteins was due to the reduced efficiency of their translation in this mutant, leading to reduced photosynthetic efficiency and enhanced sensitivity to cold stress. These data indicate that AtNusG-mediated coupling between transcription and translation in chloroplasts ensures the rapid establishment of photosynthetic capacity for plant growth and the response to environmental changes. Therefore, our study reveals a conserved mechanism of transcription-translation coupling between chloroplasts and E. coli, which perhaps represents a regulatory mechanism of chloroplast gene expression. This study provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression in higher plants.
TRIM25 inhibits influenza A virus infection, destabilizes viral mRNA, but is redundant for activating the RIG-I pathway
Authors: Choudhury Nila Roy , Trus Ivan , Heikel Gregory , Wolczyk Magdalena , Szymanski Jacek , Bolembach Agnieszka , Dos Santos Pinto Rute Maria , Smith Nikki , Trubitsyna Maryia , Gaunt Eleanor , Digard Paul , Michlewski Gracjan
Published: June 2022

The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 is a key factor in the innate immune response to RNA viruses. TRIM25 has been shown to play a role in the retinoic-acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) pathway, which triggers expression of type 1 interferons upon viral infection. We and others have shown that TRIM25 is an RNA-binding protein; however, the role of TRIM25 RNA-binding in the innate immune response to RNA viruses is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that influenza A virus (IAV A/PR/8/34_NS1(R38A/K41A)) infection is inhibited by TRIM25. Surprisingly, previously identified RNA-binding deficient mutant TRIM25ΔRBD and E3 ubiquitin ligase mutant TRIM25ΔRING, which lack E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, still inhibited IAV replication. Furthermore, we show that in human-derived cultured cells, activation of the RIG-I/interferon type 1 pathway mediated by either an IAV-derived 5′-triphosphate RNA or by IAV itself does not require TRIM25 activity. Additionally, we present new evidence that instead of TRIM25 directly inhibiting IAV transcription it binds and destabilizes IAV mRNAs. Finally, we show that direct tethering of TRIM25 to RNA is sufficient to downregulate the targeted RNA. In summary, our results uncover a potential mechanism that TRIM25 uses to inhibit IAV infection and regulate RNA metabolism.
LncRNA OIP5-AS1-directed miR-7 degradation promotes MYMX production during human myogenesis
Authors: Yang Jen-Hao , Chang Ming-Wen , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Yang Xiaoling , Martindale Jennifer L , Munk Rachel , Cheng Aiwu , Izydore Elizabeth , Pandey Poonam R , Piao Yulan , Mazan-Mamczarz Krystyna , De Supriyo , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam
Published: June 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression programs in physiology and disease. Here, we report a noncoding RNA regulatory network that modulates myoblast fusion into multinucleated myotubes, a process that occurs during muscle development and muscle regeneration after injury. In early stages of human myogenesis, the levels of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 increased, while the levels of miR-7 decreased. Moreover, OIP5-AS1 bound and induced miR-7 decay via target RNA-directed miRNA decay; accordingly, loss of OIP5-AS1 attenuated, while antagonizing miR-7 accelerated, myotube formation. We found that the OIP5-AS1-mediated miR-7 degradation promoted myoblast fusion, as it derepressed the miR-7 target MYMX mRNA, which encodes the fusogenic protein myomixer (MYMX). Remarkably, an oligonucleotide site blocker interfered with the OIP5-AS1-directed miR-7 degradation, allowing miR-7 to accumulate, lowering MYMX production and suppressing myotube formation. These results highlight a mechanism whereby lncRNA OIP5-AS1-mediated miR-7 decay promotes myotube formation by stimulating a myogenic fusion program.
Olivine in Kimberlites: Magma Evolution from Deep Mantle to Eruption
Authors: Abersteiner Adam , Kamenetsky Vadim S , Goemann Karsten , Golovin Alexander , Kamenetsky Maya
Published: June 2022

Elucidating the origin, composition and physical properties of primary kimberlite melts is crucial to our understanding of their source, petrogenesis, ascent mechanisms and ultimately the origin of diamonds. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the study of olivine, which is one of the most abundant minerals in kimberlites with xenocrystic, metamorphic (mantle) and magmatic origins. Olivine is one of the earliest minerals to crystallise in kimberlite magmas, and the presence of ubiquitous zoning (e.g. cores, internal zones, transitional zones, rims, rinds, outmost rinds) and different generations (i.e. primary, pseudosecondary and secondary) of crystal/melt/fluid inclusions in euhedral olivine grains has been shown to provide fundamental insights into the composition and evolution of kimberlite melts. In this contribution, we review and evaluate the following: (1) the widely accepted notion that kimberlite olivine has two distinct origins—xenocrystic and magmatic. We present detailed electron microprobeX-ray element maps of well-preserved and zoned euhedral olivine microcrysts from the Koala and Mark (Lac de Gras, Canada) and Udachnaya-East (Siberia, Russia) kimberlites to show that the cores of olivine occasionally adopt euhedral shapes, which is commonly defined by the distribution of Ni. We present a scenario in which mantle olivine was recrystallised by the early (or proto-) kimberlite melt/fluid infiltrating through the lithospheric mantle to form euhedral ‘pyrocrysts’ (i.e. olivine that formed via re-crystallisation in the mantle in the presence of a melt), which in turn become cores for the subsequent crystallisation of magmatic olivine during kimberlite magma ascent and emplacement. (2) The evolution of ideas using different geochemical, petrological, experimental and melt inclusion approaches to constrain the composition of the primary/parental kimberlite melt. Based on our assessment of available data, in particular using melt inclusions, we propose that kimberlites originated from melts that were initially Si-poor, and Na-K-F-Cl-P-S-bearing and Ca-Mg-carbonate-rich. With this model composition for the primary/parental kimberlite melt considered, we emphasise the implications for the evolution of olivine and its role in the kimberlite petrogenesis. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive model outlining the key stages involved in the petrogenesis of kimberlites, ranging from the generation of the proto kimberlite melt in the mantle, its interaction with mantle silicates during ascent, the role of liquid immiscibility in driving magma differentiation and CO2 degassing and its emplacement and modification in the crust. Finally, we discuss prospective directions that may further guide the future of kimberlite petrological research.
Phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of C3H14 by MPK4 enhances bacterial-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Dian , Chai Guohua , Xu Li , Yang Kangkang , Zhuang Yamei , Yang Aiguo , Liu Shengyi , Kong Yingzhen , Zhou Gongke
Published: June 2022

Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggers mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 4 (MPK4)-mediated phosphorylation and induces downstream transcriptional reprogramming, but the mechanisms of the MPK4 defense pathway are poorly understood. Here, we showed that phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of the CCCH protein C3H14 by MPK4 positively regulates the immune response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Compared with wild-type plants, loss-of-function mutations in C3H14 and its paralog C3H15 resulted in enhanced defense against Pst DC3000 in infected leaves and the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), whereas C3H14 or C3H15 overexpression enhanced susceptibility to this pathogen and failed to induce SAR. The functions of C3H14 in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and SAR were dependent on MPK4-mediated phosphorylation. Challenge with Pst DC3000 or the flagellin peptide flg22 enhanced the phosphorylation of C3H14 by MPK4 in the cytoplasm, relieving C3H14-inhibited expression of PTI-related genes and attenuating C3H14-activated expression of its targets NIM1-INTERACTING1 (NIMIN1) and NIMIN2, two negative regulators of SAR. Salicylic acid (SA) affected the MPK4–C3H14–NIMIN1/2 cascades in immunity, but SA signaling mediated by the C3H14-NIMIN1/2 cascades was independent of MPK4 phosphorylation. Our study suggests that C3H14 might be a negative component of the MPK4 defense signaling pathway.
Efficacy of Skin-to-Skin Care versus Swaddling for Pain Control Associated with Vitamin K Administration in Full-Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Patel Dipen V , Soni Sarthak N , Shukla Vivek V , Phatak Ajay G , Shinde Mayur K , Nimbalkar Archana S , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M
Published: June 2022

Objective

The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of immediate skin-to-skin care (SSC) versus swaddling in pain response to intramuscular injection of vitamin K at 30 min of birth in neonates.

Methods

Healthy full-term newborns were enrolled immediately after normal vaginal delivery and randomized in two groups, SSC and swaddling. Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was measured before, immediately after and at 2 min after the injection.

Results

Total 100 newborns were enrolled in the study (50 in each group). The mean (SD) birth weight of newborns in the SSC and swaddling group was 2668 (256) and 2730 (348) g, respectively. NIPS was comparable between the SSC and swaddling at before [1.78 (0.58) vs. 1.96 (0.83), p = 0.21], and immediately after the injection [4.82 (0.72) vs. 5.08 (0.75), p = 0.08]. NIPS at 2 min after the injection was significantly low in the SSC group compared to the swaddling group [1.38 (0.70) vs. 2.88 (1.00), p < 0.001]. At 2 min after injection, the NIPS score was significantly lower than baseline in the SSC group (p = 0.002), while it was significantly higher in the swaddling group (p < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of newborns had a NIPS score of more than three at 2 min after injection in the swaddling group as compared to the SSC group (22% vs. 2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Immediate SSC was more efficacious as compared to swaddling as a pain control intervention while giving vitamin K injection.

Clinical Trial Registration

The trial is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India with Registration number: CTRI/2020/01/022984.
Long COVID: What We Know Now
Authors: McSpedon Corinne
Published: June 2022

A growing population struggles with ongoing health problems.
Pressure Injuries Due to Prone Positioning in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Todd Betsy
Published: June 2022

Preemptive interventions are needed to prevent pressure injuries in patients with COVID-19 who are placed in the prone position.

Risk factors for pressure injuries in these patients include severe obesity, a long duration of prone positioning, male sex, a high D-dimer level, and the use of commercial endotracheal tube holders.
Manual and continuous bladder irrigation
Authors: Lucas Amy , Ward Cynthia W.
Published: June 2022

Bladder irrigation is performed to restore or maintain the patency of an indwelling urinary catheter. This article outlines the best practices to perform this procedure and prevent adverse events.
Implementing healthcare innovations
Authors: Iuppa Marianela
Published: June 2022

Healthcare innovations transform clinical and business practices, drive outcomes, and establish strong financial portfolios. This article outlines key foundational actions that nurses can take to initiate healthcare innovations and positively impact everyday practice.
Striking a chord
Authors: McKiddy Sarah , Jung Daum , Gallegos Cara
Published: June 2022

This article discusses how music therapy can be incorporated into nursing practice for people living with dementia.
Factors Associated With Incidence and Spontaneous Clearance of Molecular-Bacterial Vaginosis: Results From a Longitudinal Frequent-Sampling Observational Study
Authors: Tamarelle Jeanne , Shardell Michelle D. , Ravel Jacques , Brotman Rebecca M.
Published: June 2022

Background

We sought to assess time-independent and time-varying factors associated with incidence and spontaneous clearance of molecular-bacterial vaginosis (BV; without treatment).

Methods

Midvaginal samples were self-collected daily by 100 participants recruited at the University of Alabama Birmingham for 10 weeks (4778 samples). Vaginal microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and clustered into community state types (CSTs). A low-Lactobacillus CST defined the molecular-BV outcome in this study. Factors associated with molecular-BV incidence and spontaneous clearance were modeled using Andersen-Gill recurrent event Cox models. Community class identified the predominant CST of a participant during follow-up.

Results

Menstruations (adjusted odds ratio [aHR], 2.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.51–2.89] in the prior 24 hours) and CST III (Lactobacillus iners dominated) at the previous sample (aHR, 2.25 [1.48–3.40]) were associated with increased molecular-BV incidence. Participants with a majority of L. iners–dominated samples longitudinally (community class LI) displayed less stable patterns of vaginal microbiota. In LI participants, reduced molecular-BV spontaneous clearance was observed in African American participants (aHR, 0.44 [0.26–0.75]) compared with White participants, older participants (age, 40–49 years [aHR, 0.38; 0.23–0.61]; age, 30–39 years [aHR, 0.48; 0.28–0.83]) compared with participants aged 18 to 29 years, and after douching (0.45 [0.28–0.73] within prior 72 hours).

Conclusions

Although it is now well documented that vaginal microbiota are dynamic, there are few available data on factors associated with spontaneous clearance of molecular-BV. Lactobacillus iners–dominated vaginal microbiota are more likely to be dynamic and associated with different risk factors for incidence and clearance of BV. Among L. iners–dominated participants, age, race, and douching were linked to reduced clearance. Most transitions to molecular-BV during menstruations were short-lived.
Prognostic Value of Optical Coherence Tomography Characteristics in Anterior Visual Pathway Meningiomas
Authors: Kapelushnik Noa , Dror Shai , Huna-Baron Ruth
Published: June 2022

Background:

Anterior visual pathway meningiomas (AVPM) represent 2.5%–18% of all meningiomas. They may affect visual function, including visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF). The principal modes of treatment are surgery and radiotherapy. The prognostic value of macular ganglion cell complex count (GCC) thickness has not been assessed in the literature thus far. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of pre-treatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters (retinal nerve fiber layer and GCC) for visual outcomes in patients with AVPM.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with AVPM who were treated in the Sheba Medical Center between 2011 and 2020. Included were patients with valid data containing preintervention OCT findings on the CIRRUS device and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Preintervention and postintervention data on comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and OCT parameters of the affected eyes were retrieved. The correlation between preintervention OCT parameters and the visual outcome was assessed. The patients were also divided into 2 groups according to preintervention GCC (thin vs normal), and the visual outcome was compared between groups.

Results:

In total, 186 patients' medical records were analyzed, and 38 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study (mean age at diagnosis 52.8 ± 12.2 years, 28 women). Twenty-nine patients had 1 affected eye, and 9 had bilateral insult. A higher preinterventional average GCC was associated with better VA at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after intervention (r = −0.5, P ≤ 0.004, 0.005, and 0.03, respectively). There was a significant correlation between preinterventional GCC and VF mean deviation 2 years after intervention (r = 0.7, P ≤ 0.001). The thinner the GCC, the more prominent was the change in VA from before intervention to 2 years after intervention (P ≤ 0.008). Correction for multiple comparisons with the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure did not change the significance of our findings.

Conclusions:

OCT parameters (GCC) have a predictive value in AVPM. There is strong correlation between preinterventional GCC and VA shortly after the intervention. Although a thin GCC is generally considered a negative prognostic factor, improvement in clinical parameters was also evident in patients with thin GCC. The potential of improvement despite preinterventional GCC thinning can add to the clinical discussion of the prognosis, and therefore, we recommend the patients with AVPM to undergo OCT and to be advised that GCC thinning alone should not be used as a major criterion in deciding whether treatment should be pursued.
Embracing the heterogeneity of natural viruses in mouse studies
Authors: Fiege Jessica K. , Langlois Ryan A.
Published: June 2022

Animal models are a critical tool in modern biology. To increase reproducibility and to reduce confounding variables modern animal models exclude many microbes, including key natural commensals and pathogens. Here we discuss recent strategies to incorporate a natural microbiota to laboratory mouse models and the impacts the microbiota has on immune responses, with a focus on viruses.
16S rDNA analysis of osteoporotic rats treated with osteoking
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhang Hui-Jie , Chen Ran , Lee Wen-Hui , Zhao Hong-Bin
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by microstructural degeneration of bone tissue, low bone mass, bone fragility and even brittle fracture (osteoporotic fracture, OPF). OP and OPF are common and there are many disadvantages to the current medications for OP/OPF. Osteoking is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) originating from the Yi nationality (Yunnan, China) that has been used to treat bone diseases for decades.

Hypothesis/Gap Statement. This study will reveal the changes in the intestinal microbiota of OP rats after 70 days of osteoking treatment.

Method. With duplication of sham and OP rats, eight groups were established, with six rats in each group. The intestinal microbiotas were analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing.

Results. The results showed that osteoking changed the intestinal microbiota of sham rats and OP rats. The mechanism by which osteoking improves OP is related to the functions of the intestinal microbiota. After 70 days of treatment with osteoking, the contents of Pseudonocardia, Pedomicrobium, Variovorax, Niastella and

Actinosynnema

were decreased in OP rats. The functions of the above intestinal microbiota related to iron metabolism affected calcifediol and 25(OH)D, and measuring these bone metabolic indicators is required for further study.

Conclusion. Osteoking changes the intestinal microbiota to improve OP, and further study which reveals these intestinal microbiota and mechanism is needed.