bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroponic Fodder Production: An Alternative Solution for Feed Scarcity
Authors: Ghorbel Roukaya , Koşum Nedim
Published: September 2022

Feeds and animal nutrition presents a major sector in providing food security. However, there is a large gap between fodder supply and demand [1]. This gap can be attributed basically to climatic changes, urbanization and increase in meat demand. Nowadays, especially after the covid-19 pandemic, there is a crucial problem in supplying fresh green feed to remote and urban regions. Hydroponic fodder is an alternative solution to provide the sustainability of quality forage for ruminant. Hydroponics can include several crops such as maize, wheat and barley, the fodder can be produced in a short duration (6-10 days) and all year around. The hydroponics fodder present various benefits for animal health. Feeding hydroponically produced fodder increases the digestibility of the nutrients in the ration, which could increase milk production [2]. Hydroponic fodder production is an economic solution particularly where the conventional production of green fodder is limited or unavailable. This technology put forward a solution to address the shortage of forage production caused by the scarcity of green feed in dry seasons and urban areas [3]. That´s why, further studies and academic efforts are needed to expand hydroponic fodder production. The purpose of this study is to review the actual literature on hydroponic fodder production process, nutritious value and effects on livestock production and productivity.
Etlik Piliçlerin Beslenmesinde Performansın İyileştirilmesine Yönelik Uygulamalar
Authors: Boztunç Aslıhan , Atan Helin , Açıkgöz Zümrüt , Kırkpınar Figen
Published: September 2022

Hayvansal üretim içerisinde kanatlı kümes hayvanları endüstriyel üretime uygunlukları, yüksek verim düzeyleri ve daha iyi yemden yararlanma kabiliyetlerinden dolayı insan beslenmesinde değerli ve ucuz hayvansal protein kaynaklarının (yumurta ve et) teminine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda gerek yumurta tavukçuluğu gerekse etlik piliç yetiştiriciliği gıda güvencesi açısından üzerinde önemle durulan sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Nitekim, dünyada ve ülkemizde son 50 yılda tavukçuluk sektöründe verim performansı önemli düzeyde iyileşmeler göstermiş, dolayısıyla piliç eti ve yumurta üretimi ile tüketimi hızla artmıştır. Gerek yumurta tavukçuluğunda gerekse etlik piliç yetiştiriciliğinde yaşanan bu değişimler ise yüksek verimli hatların geliştirilmesinin yanı sıra optimum bakım-besleme- sağlık koruma programlarının uygulanması, yem teknolojisindeki gelişmeler ve büyümeyi teşvik edici biyoteknolojik ürünlerin (yem katkı maddeleri) yaygın kullanılması ile ilişkilidir. Günümüzde, konvansiyonel etlik piliç üretiminde 5-6 haftada 3,3-4,7 kg yem ile 2,1-2,8 kg canlı ağırlığa ulaşılabilmektedir. Etlik piliçlerde kesim yaşının giderek kısalması nedeniyle toplam ömrün yaklaşık %45’ini oluşturan embriyonik dönem ve çıkış sonrası ilk 7-10 gün performans ve sağlık açısından kritik periyotlar olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bahsedilen bu dönemlerde civcivlerin ileri yaşlardaki performans, refah ve sağlığını etkileyen önemli fizyolojik ve metabolik değişiklikler oluşur ve böylece sindirim, bağışıklık ve termoregülasyon sistemleri olgunlaşır, birbiri ile entegre olur. Ayrıca, etlik piliçlerin üretim dönemi boyunca sabit ve dengeli bağırsak mikroflorasına sahip olması da optimum yemden yararlanma ve maksimum büyüme hızı için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu bildiri kapsamında kritik periyotlarda önerilen in ovo besleme, civciv maması, ön-başlatma yemi kullanımı ve üretim dönemi boyunca bağırsak sağlığının korunmasında etkili bazı yem katkı maddeleri (probiyotik, prebiyotik, simbiyotik, enzim, organik asit, bitkisel ürünler) hakkında bilgi verilecektir.
Exploring the Impact of Environmental Dynamism on the Organizational Structure and Strategic Posture
Authors: Ali Muhammad
Published: September 2022

This study describes the organizational structure, strategic posture, degree of differentiation, and integration in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in stable and dynamic environments. Results suggested that environmental dynamism impacts the organizational structure, level of differentiation and integration whereas, partial support was found between environmental dynamism and strategic posture. Moreover, firms were classified into seven clusters to study the internal dynamism of each firm based on its environment. It was found that each cluster holds a different firm's strategies to meet the demands of the external environment.
Stiffness Matrix Method of 2D Truss Systems Using MATLAB
Authors: Akin Adamu Ayodele
Published: September 2022

The truss system is the most efficient and widely used structural system used by structural engineers to span long distances and to provide beautiful shape forms in external building façades. This system can be used as support system for floors, roofs and bridges. The truss system is general classified as 2D or 3D structural system. While the 2D truss system has the capacity to span up to 40m (clear span), its 3D counterpart can span up to 90m (clear span) if supports are properly placed around it. The stiffness method of analysis is one of the 2 methods used for structural analysis of plane truss system by matrix methodology. Its other counterpart is named the flexibility or force method. The stiffness method is also referred to as Matrix Displacement Method in many literatures. MATLAB is a programming and numerical computing software used by scientists and engineering professionals all over the world to analyze data, develop algorithms and create models. MATLAB lends itself to structural matrix method of analysis because of its extraordinary numerical computing power using matrix. This paper aims to analyze a simple 2D truss system with six structural members using MATLAB software for calculation of the member axial deflections and internal axial member force values. An algorithm is developed to write the MATLAB code to solve this problem and each section of the MATLAB code is explained in this paper. The paper also aims to provide 1st principle derivation for general stiffness matrix method of 2D plane truss structural system. A popular computer software called staad.pro is used to check the validity of the numerical results from MATLAB.
Simetrik Akarsu Kavşağında Elde Edilmiş Hız Zaman Serisinin İstatistiksel Analizi
Authors: Öztürk Büşra , Büyüker Zehra , Taşkaya Ebru , Bombar Gökçen , Cardoso António Heleno
Published: September 2022

Bu deneysel çalışma, birbirine 90° açı ile bağlanan iki yan koldan oluşan bir simetrik akarsu kavşağında yapılmış noktasal hız ölçümleri sonucu elde edilen akım yönü, yanal yön ve düşey yöndeki hız bileşenlerine ait zaman serisi üzerinde istatistiksel analizin gerçekleştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Ana kanal üzerinde seçilmiş üç farklı noktada akustik yöntem ile çalışan Vectrino kullanılarak elde edilmiş anlık hız verileri, korelasyon (CORR) ve SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) değerleri dikkate alınarak gürültüden arındırılmıştır. Ayıklanmış anlık hız değerlerinin ortalaması alınarak ortalama hız değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Anlık hız değerlerinden ortalama hız değerleri çıkarılarak çalkantılı hız bileşenleri ve ardından türbülans kinetik enerjisi, türbülans şiddeti, Reynolds gerilmeleri, korelasyon, çarpıklık ve basıklık katsayıları elde edilmiş uygun dağılımlar incelenmiş ve mevcut literatür ışığında yorumlanmıştır.
The Importance of Cereal Based Foods to Prevention of Iron Deficiency
Authors: Akca Emine Erdağ , Çağındı Özlem , Köse Ergun
Published: September 2022

Iron is vital for almost every organism, due to its role in a wide range of metabolic processes. For the human body, it contributes to crucial activities, especially haemoglobin synthesis and oxygen transport. Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when iron stores release inadequate amount of iron [1; 2; 3]. However, basic strategies can be used effectively in the prevention of iron deficiency and related anaemia. Although the applicability of these strategies mostly depends on the health infrastructure, the economy of the countries and people's access to resources, it is stated that food fortification is one of the most cost-effective methods [3; 4]. Cereals and pulses are often preferred in food fortification studies as they form the basis of daily nutrition. Around the world, 85 countries have already made it mandatory to fortify wheat flour (and corn/rice) with iron or folic acid [4; 5]. In this study, theoretical information and recent developments on the subject were evaluated in detail with a comprehensive literature review about the role of grain-based products in the prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. Additionally, food fortification, complex food matrix, bioaccessibility/bioavailability, interaction with sensory and organoleptic properties and aimed to gain a current perspective for future studies on the selection of iron forms.
Yüksek Kalsiyum İçeriğine Sahip Gıda Sanayii Atığı: Yumurta Kabuğu
Authors: Dedeoğlu Mustafa , Akarca Dilara , Savlak Nazlı , Köse Ergün
Published: September 2022

Son yıllarda tavuk yumurtası üretimi hızla ivmelenmiştir. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı verilerine göre 2020 yılında Türkiye’de yaklaşık 1,2 milyon ton, dünyada ise 85 milyon ton tavuk yumurtası üretilmiştir. Ayrıca, günümüzde pastörize yumurta üretimi de hızla artmaktadır. Dünya genelinde yumurta üretiminde yaşanan bu hızlı artış, beraberinde çok ciddi bir yumurta kabuğu atığını da getirmektedir. Atıkların değerlendirilmesine genel bir perspektiften bakıldığında oldukça yol alındığı ve ilgili araştırmacıların farklı potansiyel kullanım alanlarını keşfetme konusundaki çabalarının devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu anlamda organik atık bir materyal (biyolojik atık) olan yumurta kabuğunun hayvan yeminde, toprak gübresinde ve ıslahında, topraktan ağır metallerin ayrıştırılmasında, biyodizel üretimindeki bazı reaksiyonların katalizlenmesinde ve bazı kozmetik ve medikal (diş macunu, implant vb.) malzemelerin üretiminde oldukça ciddi bir kullanım alanı bulduğu bildirilmektedir. Yumurta kabuğu başta kalsiyum (Ca) olmak üzere zengin bir mineral kaynağı olup, organizmaların yaşamsal faaliyetleri için birçoğu elzem olan toplam 27 mikro elementi bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bu nedenle yumurta kabuğu atığı, yüksek oranda Ca mineralini içermesinden ve yapısında Kurşun (Pb), Cıva (Hg) ve Alüminyum (Al) gibi toksik bileşenleri bulundurmamasından dolayı gıda alanında da hem ürün zenginleştirmede hem de takviye edici gıda kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Atık değerlendirme kapsamında yumurta kabuğu, çeşitli sanayi alanlarında gerçekleştirilen üretimlerde yapı destek ajanı (güçlendirici materyal) olarak ara bileşen şeklinde kullanım potansiyeline de sahiptir. İnsan vücudunda en sık rastlanan mineral eksikliğinin Ca minerali olduğu düşünüldüğünde, tüketim açısından güvenli, doğal, ucuz, biyoyararlılığı yüksek olan yumurta kabuğunun zenginleştirme veya takviye edici formlarında kullanılabiliyor olması, bu atık materyali oldukça değerli bir organik kaynak haline dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmada konu ile ilgili teorik bilgiler ve son gelişmeler, kapsamlı literatür taramasıyla detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiş ve yumurta kabuğu atığının katma değerli bir ürüne dönüştürülebilmesi bakımından daha farklı metodolojilerin geliştirilebilmesi konusunda gelecekteki çalışmalara güncel bir bakış açısının kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Wildfire Remote Sensing Applications
Authors: Ghouzlane Souad
Published: September 2022

There is a growing interest in mapping, monitoring, and assessing wildfires' risk, behavior, and environmental impacts. Recent developments in Remote sensing technology and tools facilitate the researcher's job in obtaining spatial information and monitoring land changes and hazards. Moreover, remote sensing technology coupled with geographic information systems permits uncovering the spatial potential, predicting Spatio-temporal change patterns, and supporting sustainable land management. Likewise, Using Remote sensing data and GIS tools in mapping wildfire incidents and their behavior has proven to be highly efficient for land managers and firefighters to control the fire and prevent disastrous consequences. This paper aims to uncover some uses of remote sensing data in assessing forest fire hazards at every phase of the fire management program.
Effects of Supply Chain Strategies on Business Performance
Authors: Güngör Pınar Demirel , Akyol Derya Eren
Published: September 2022

Supply chain is a network that consists of manufacturers, suppliers, customers, logistics and distribution systems, and the relationships between them. It includes processes from the manufacturer to the end-users. Supply chain management helps make decisions on which product will be produced, when the proper timing for the manufacturing should be, when it will be sold, and which material will be stocked in what quantity. In this paper, we investigate the supply chain management strategies and their possible effects on the business performance for an industrial cluster region in Izmir/Turkey. Four main supply chain management strategies of supplier integration (SI), customer integration (CI), internal integration (II), and information-communication technologies (ICT) are examined to determine the possible effects on business performance. Note that survey data are collected from the managers and lead engineers of each company within the investigated industrial cluster. Structural equation modelling (SEM) method is applied to collected data set via IBM Amos software. Findings indicate that the information-communication technologies have the most dominant impact on the operational performance.
Gövde Borulu Isı Değiştiricilerin Matematiksel Modellemesinde Alternatif Yaklaşımlar
Authors: Aydın Çoruh , Kırhan Ahmet , Başaran Anıl
Published: September 2022

Isı değiştiricileri günlük yaşamın ve endüstrinin büyük ihtiyaç duyduğu, ısı transferi ve akışkanlar mekaniği prensiplerine dayalı olarak çalışan, yapılan Ar-Ge çalışmaları üzerine her geçen gün geliştirilen kavramlardır. Bu çalışmada, daha çok endüstriyel kullanıma uygun bir ısı değiştiricisi türü olan gövde boru tipi ısı değiştiricisinin analizleri hem teorik olarak hem de simülasyonel olarak yapılmıştır. Hesaplamalarda gövde borulu ısı değiştiricilerinde sıklıkla kullanılan ve çeşitli akış parametrelerini göz önünde bulunduran Bell-Delaware metodu kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanında ısıl performans analizi için ε-NTU yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Ayrıca teorik hesaplamalar kısmında sırf bu çalışma için Bell-Delaware yöntemine göre hesaplama yapabilen bir bilgisayar programı MATLAB dili kullanılarak yazılmış ve araştırma içerisinde kullanılmıştır. Son olarak CAD verileri oluşturulmuş ve SolidWorks Flow Simulation ortamında analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çıktılar ivedilikle incelenmiş ve sonuç olarak ortaya bir maliyet analizi çıkartılmıştır.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Minimum Acceleration on Turning Machine by Using Stepwise Nonlinear Regression Analysis
Authors: Kırıkoğlu Mert , Savran Melih , Aydın Levent
Published: September 2022

The surface finish, dimensional, and geometrical tolerances of the machined workpiece are all influenced by machine tool vibration. This paper aims to minimize the acceleration during cast iron processing on a turning machine by using Stepwise Neuro Regression modeling and stochastic optimization methods. The data set regarding the turning process was selected from the literature. The effect of machining parameters, spindle speed (x1), feed rate (x2), and depth of cut (x3) on acceleration was investigated by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stepwise regression analysis was employed to express the experimental results mathematically, and different types of mathematical models were proposed. The goodness of fit parameter "R2" was utilized as a model assessment criterion. The best successive model was selected as an objective function for the optimization process. Algorithms: Differential Evolution, Nelder-Mead, Simulated Annealing, and Random Search were used to find the best design in terms of minimum acceleration and corresponding design variables. It was found that the polynomial model is appropriate to indicate the efficiency of turning design parameters on machining acceleration. As a result, the minimum acceleration was obtained as 0.97 m/s2 for the following design variables: spindle speed of 125 rpm, feed rate of 0.067 mm/rev, and dept cut of 1 mm.
Sleeve Design for Clinching Process on Laminated Composite Structures
Authors: Erbil Emre , Karakuzu Ramazan
Published: September 2022

The lightweight composite materials bring out several opportunities besides some challenges. One of the most important challenges is to provide a strong and reliable joint for sensitive composite structures by preserving their specifications without any damage. Conventional fasteners are mostly designed for sheet metals, such as rivets, bolts, and clinched fixings are often incompatible with composites or require additional work. Moreover, interface materials may be required for additional functions like shock-absorbing, sealing, etc. For instance, a rivet can damage fiber or matrix during the installation process. Or a bolt may become embedded in the composite plate resulting in a fracture under its seating surface. Hence, these additional materials must keep corresponding materials safe in the assembly process, and after they must remain fully functional at the end of their service life. Therefore, the mechanical and damage properties of these additional materials must be known well for better and more reliable designs. In this context, the Cockroft & Latham ductile damage parameter for AISI 304L material was obtained per the experimental data in [1].
Investigation of Triton X-100 Use in PVA Nanofiber Production
Authors: Özten Almila , Sargın Fatih , Kanbur Kürşat , Kızılöz Alperen , Türk Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilic, non-toxic, and biocompatible semi-crystalline biomaterial. Today, PVA nanofibers are widely used in the field of biomaterials, as they provide high surface area and a favorable environment for the growth of cells. PVA nanofibers are used in the construction or repair of scaffold types for tissue engineering applications, thanks to positive effect of their three-dimensional structure on cell proliferation and growth. In addition, the use of PVA nanofiber structures in many areas such as drug release, wound dressing, filters and soft tissue applications is becoming widespread. The electrospinning method, which is frequently preferred in the production of polymer nanofibers, draws attention with its low cost and easy application. In the electrospinning method, nanofiber structure is formed by applying high voltage to the polymer solution prepared at a predetermined rate, and nanofiber mat production is carried out by depositing it in a collector. However, structural problems such as bead structure encountered in nanofiber mat production prevent homogeneous nanofiber formation. Various surface agents are used in nanofiber mats to obtain a homogeneous fiber structure, to prevent defects in nanofibers and as a result to increase the mechanical properties of PVA nanofibers. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of Triton X-100 surface agent that used in the production of PVA nanofibers. For this purpose, firstly, the rheological effect of Triton X-100 surface agent on nanofiber properties was determined. Then, the effect on the morphological properties of nanofibers produced with Triton X-100 surface agent was investigated. The results revealed that varying Triton X-100 amounts cause changes in the nanofiber structure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Quantum Dots from Moringa Oleifera Leaves & Seeds Extracts
Authors: Kulah Jonathan , Aykaç Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) are zero-dimensional nanoparticles with renowned semiconductor, optical, and electrical properties, having distinct biocompatibility, and biodegradability that are utilized in nanoscience and nanotechnology, as biosensors, potential targeting agents for viruses and cancer cells amongst many other potential applications. QDs are synthesized by non-thermal plasma gas phase, hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, electrochemical synthesis, or by self-assembly to yield different sizes and structures. QDs can be produced chemically from gold, silver, copper, zinc, other metals, and also from plants to form distinct nanoparticles. The means of synthesis of QDs and nanoparticles, create an avenue to enhance their properties, structures, and applications. Moringa oleifera (MO) also known as “the miracle tree” found in India and Africa, is famously known to contain vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, A, C, K, E, D, 92 nutrients, 46 natural antioxidants, several anti-inflammatory compounds, and has the ability to treat more than 300 diseases. Magnetic iron oxide quantum dots (MIOQDs) have been synthesized using MO leaves through the green technique; microwave treatment, and previously, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been biosynthesized using moringa oleifera seeds (MOS), however, as far as our knowledge, overnight extraction and green synthesis of silver quantum dots (Ag-QDs) via microwave-assisted synthesis from MO seeds and leaves ethanol and distilled water extracts is novel for our study. In this study, MO seeds and MO leaves separately in Distilled Water (dH2O) and Ethanol (ETOH) solutions were extracted using hydrothermal distillation overnight on the thermomagnetic stirrer at 100 °C. Each solution was filtered using Whatman filter paper and centrifuged to obtain MO leaves and seeds extract. We used the microwave-assisted synthesis method to synthesize Ag-QDs from MO leaves and seed extract solutions. Additionally, Ag-Qds were synthesized chemically utilizing the hydrothermal method to evaluate our results. As a result, AgNO3 was reduced by the MO extracts. and served as a capping agent; forming novel Ag-QDs. Additionally, the hydrothermal chemical synthesis method was used to produce Ag-Qds, which were utilized to evaluate the MO-based Ag-QDs. Later, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were utilized to characterize the Ag-QDs. Combining the antibacterial electro-optical magnetic properties of Ag-QDs to the miracle tree; moringa oleifera, we propose that biomedicine, biosensors, wound healing, drug delivery, and many other bio-applications can benefit from this study through further research and experimentation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Quantum Dots Functionalized Silver Nanoparticle from Moringa Oleifera Extracts
Authors: Kulah Jonathan , Aykaç Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are famously known for large surface area, good dispersibility, good conductivity, and high transparency with good photochemical, electrochemical, and optical properties that are utilized in many biomedical and biotechnological applications. Interestingly, GQDs were reported to serve as an excellent reducing reagent in the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Moreover, GQDs eradicate the limitation of impurities of AgNPs synthesized using plant extracts as a stabilizer and reducing agents. Therefore, we experimented GQDs synthesis from moringa oleifera (MO) plant extracts compared to citric and urea synthesized GQDs. And used the synthesized GQDs to synthesize, reduce and functionalize AgNPs. MO contains about 110 compounds, high nutrients, vitamins, oleic oil, and phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, saponins, tannins, terpenes, steroids, phenolic acids, which suggested to us that, MO extracts can serve as a capping agent in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Initially, MO leaves and seeds water phase extracts were obtained by overnight distillation and lyophilized to create a stock solution of 1mg/ml. Next, following Das, R. et al and slightly modifying the followed method by varying the MO extract concentration from 20µL to 60 µL, AgNPs were synthesized by hydrothermal method. GQDs were separately synthesized adopting Tran, H.V. et al method and later added to the AgNPs forming a more stable hybrid structure that was characterized using the UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Nano zeta sizer, Raman spectroscopy, and the Fourier Infrared transmission resonance (FTIR). As the concentration of MO extract increased, the color change intensity increased symbolizing the formation of AgNPs while the luminous bright solutions under the UV light symbolized the formation of GQDs. This study lay the foundation for further research and analysis to be done on the nanozyme or biosensor application of enhanced functionalized and stable hybrid AgNPs with GQDs.
The World Bank and its Roles toward Health: Common Criticisms
Authors: Janay Abdullahi Ibrahim , Kılıç Bülent
Published: September 2022

The World Bank (WB) was established in 1944 for the purpose of issuing long-term loans to governments for reconstruction and economic development following the Second World War (1). Over the time perspectives on development have changed dramatically. In particular, the WB’s focus began to shift to investments in health, energy, telecommunication, transport and infrastructure to earn more profit. In the field of health, the WB has focused on three areas, especially in developing countries: health, nutrition, and population. WB now has a more sophisticated view of well-being, living standards, and poverty and is committing more than 1 billion USD annually for new health projects. (2). The WB’s roles include financing, provision of information, surveillance, technical assistance and training and policy advice (3). The WB has achieved some gains in the fight against poverty. Reducing poverty focuses in part encompassing policies to promote equality but inequalities are still increasing all over the World, especially in the developing countries (4). However, the WB has faced a lot of critiques related to health. Some critiques related to health sector polices and say the bank's conditions on borrowing countries emphasize privatization and public sector contraction. This involved reducing government expenditures (in some cases for health) which have deleterious health effects (2). Other critiques related to the way of raising funds called a user charge for using public sector health services and point to evidence showing that user charges result in a decline in the uptake of services, especially among the people who are most socioeconomically deprived. The bank is also criticized for introducing DALYs to global health assessments. Critics point out that the introduction of DALYs was not based on sound methodology and that the underlying assumptions for their usefulness are weak (2, 5). Finally, the WB is also accused of bribing or conniving top government officials in the developing countries where it projects (6). There is a need for strengthening across the WB in several areas. A critical area is for the WB to strengthen its ability to work on multi-stakeholder solutions through engagement with the public sector, private sector, and citizens, and support primarily the public sector for health services. Similarly, about half of low-income countries are classified as fragile and conflict-affected, posing particular challenges. Furthermore, progress in fighting against poverty and sharing prosperity is accompanied by rising inequality in many countries. So, the WB should increase its efforts to address these issues (4). Introducing evidence into policy making is also a key issue to be strengthened for the future (5). It is also needed to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation methods in the countries.
EDUKASI MANFAAT PEMERIKSAAN GOLONGAN DARAH DAN BANK DARAH DESA (BDD) BETUNG I
Authors: Apriyani Apriyani
Published: September 2022

Golongan darah individu penting untuk diketahui, hal ini berkaitan dengan kepentingan klinis. Apabila seseorang membutuhkan tindakan medis yang berkaitan dengan transfusi darah, maka penting untuk mengetahui golongan darah individu tersebut untuk menghindari terjadinya reaksi transfusi. Golongan darah manusia umumnya terbagi menjadi golongan darah A, B, AB, O dan Rh. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengetahui golongan darah masyarakat di Desa Betung I dengan menggunakan media leaflet. Kegiatan  pengabdian masyarakat ini diikuti oleh 35 responden. Hasil dan Kesimpulan adalah dapat mengetahui golongan darah yang dimiliki sehingga apabila sewaktu-waktu terjadi hal darurat yang membutuhkan transfusi darah dapat segera ditangani.
Formulation Design and Evaluation of Ornidazole Microsphere in a Bioadhesive gel for Local Therapy of Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Abraham Shajan , K. Vijayan , Koshy Sherin , Navas Namitha , P. Raju Steffy , S. Shahana , Abraham Elessey , P. Beena
Published: September 2022

The aim of present work is to design a novel vaginal drug delivery system composed of Ornidazole microspheres incorporated in a bioadhesive gel. Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method by using Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit RL 100 polymers with different drug/ polymer ratios. The microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical with free flowing properties and evaluated for particle size analysis, shape (SEM), drug entrapment efficiency, percentage drug loading, and in vivo drug release studies. The selected microsphere formulation (F7 and F8, containing drug polymer ratios 1:1:1 and 1:0.25:1.75 respectively) was incorporated in a bioadhesive carbopol 934P gel. The formulation (F8.ODZ-MG) which showed maximum of 91.03% release at 8h was then subjected to stability studies and antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of the F8.ODZ-MG and placebo gel was evaluated against Candida albicans 1012 by using cup plate method. This showed that ODZ-MG was capable to control the growth of Candida albicans for more than 14h. Placebo gel did not show any zone of inhibition. Stability studies were done as per ICH guidelines for a period of 6 months. Initial and third month studies were done and evaluated for parameters such as pH, drug content, drug content uniformity, extrudability, spreadability, viscosity and in vitro drug release. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the drug content and in vitro drug release. It may be concluded from the present study that ODZ-MG can be used as a novel delivery system for local therapy of vaginal candidiasis.
Synthesis, Identification, Thermodynamic and Biological Studies of New Ligand Derivative from L-ascorbic acid and its Complexes with some Metal ions
Authors: Yahya Wadday Fawzi , Ali Hussein Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Reacting [O, O-2, 3-(chloro(carboxylic)methylidene)]-5, 6-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid with the L-proline gave new product "[O, O-2, 3-(N-carboxylic methylidene)-N-proline-5, 6-isopropylidene]-L-ascorbic acid (NCNPA)", that has been isolated and categorized through "1H, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis (C.H.N), mass spectroscopy, UV-Visible in addition to Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) approaches". The complexes of (NCNPA) with metal ions, M2+ (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg) and Cr3+ have been produced and characterized through FTIR, UV-Vis., molar conductance, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis (C.H.N) methods. The ratio of metal: ligand have been obtained was (1:1) for every complex. Studying thermodynamic functions (G, H, S) for the complexes at dissimilar temperatures the data indicated, that the reaction between metals ions and (NCNPA) was exothermic, spontaneous, and more random. The complexes have been proven stable and follow the Irving-Williams series that refers to an octahedral, and their stability decreases with increasing the temperature. The TLC for L(NCNPA) and complexes depicted one spot for each, indicating the purity of these compounds. All these compounds have been evaluated against dual kinds of humanoid pathogenic bacteria gram +ve and gram -ve.
CERRAHİ HASTALARINDA MÜZİK TERAPİNİN SEMPTOM YÖNETİMİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KARAMAN ÖZLÜ Zeynep , YETİŞ DEMİR Zuhal , OZLU İbrahim , KILINÇ Tülay , YAYLA Ayşegül
Published: September 2022

Çok eski zamanlardan beri müziğin canlılar üzerinde etkisi olduğuna inanılmış, müzik hastalıklardan kurtulmak için kullanılmış ve iyileştirici etkisi olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Müziğin bu gücü yıllar sonra bilim insanlarının dikkatini çekmiş ve bu alanda çalışmalara başlanmıştır. Müziğin iyileştirici etkisi müzik terapi olarak adlandırılmakta ve yenilikçi çalışmalar arasında yerini almaktadır. Çok eski zamanlardan beri kullanılan müzik ile tedavi nonfarmakolojik yöntem olarak günümüzde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarla etkinliği kanıtlanmış olan müzik terapi birçok hastalıkta olduğu gibi cerrahi hastaların bakımında da olumlu etkiler göstermiştir. Cerrahi girişim sonrası semptom yönetimi; hastanın güven ve konforunu sağlama, iyileşme sürecini hızlandırma, hastanede yatış gün sayısını azaltmada etkilidir. Nonfarmakolojik bir uygulama olan müzik terapi, ameliyat sonrası dönemde uyanma, hemodinamik parametreler ve analjezik ihtiyacında olumlu etkiler yaratan, hasta memnuniyetini artıran, cerrahi hastalarının anksiyete ve intraoperatif farkındalık ataklarını azaltmada kullanılan yan etkisi olmayan etkili ve güvenli bir yöntemdir. Doğru seçilmiş müzik; hastanın stresini azaltabilir, konfor ve rahatını artırılabilir ve dolaylı olarak hastayı ağrı hissinden uzaklaştırılabilir. Cerrahi girişim sonrası müzik dinlemenin rahatlamayı sağladığı, ağrıyı hafiflettiği, anksiyete/kaygıyı azalttığı, olumlu duyguları ve ruh halini iyileştirdiği, psikolojik semptomları azalttığı öngörülmektedir. Bu derlemede gittikçe yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan nonfarmokolojik yöntemlerden biri olan müzik terapinin cerrahi sonrası semptomlar üzerindeki etkisinin neler olduğu yapılmış çalışma sonuçları ile sunulmuştur.
THE -ŠEPATHEONYMS IN THE HITTITE PANTHEON
Authors: Warbinek Livio
Published: September 2022

The Hittites worshiped some secondary deities bearing the ending in -šepa, whose features are far from being thoroughly investigated. The discussion will cover both the linguistic and the contextual analysis of every god, takingtheminto consideration both as single entities and as a group
Dietary Exposure to Lead (pb) Related with Biochemical and Histomorphological Changes in Testes and Kidney of Rabbit
Authors: Khatun Most. Hosneara , Rahaman Md. Toheder , Hassan Md. Abu , Hassan Parvez Md.Najmul , Islam Md. Sadequl , Ferdous Khadija Al-
Published: September 2022

The experiment was conducted to observe the toxic effect of different doses of dietary lead (Pb) on biochemical, gross and histopathological changes in the testes and kidneys of male rabbits. A total number of 36 rabbits (4.5 months of age) were assigned in three dietary treatments with three replicates. Control group T0 received only a basal diet and the other groups T1 and T2 received a basal diet supplemented with Pb at a dose level of 20 and 40 mg/kg bw respectively. By the end of the experiment (4 months), animals were slaughtered and blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological tests. Oral administration of lead caused decreased weight and congestion of the kidney attributed to the glomerular shrinkage and reactive cell infiltration microscopically. Significant decrease in weight, degeneration of germ cells, and vacuolation of the seminiferous tubules were recorded in testes. Serum testosterone level was decreased in lead-treated groups which might be due to the cellular degeneration of Leydig cells. In conclusion, lead acetate had a serious dose-dependent biochemical and histomorphological effect in the male rabbit.
The Effect of R&D Expenditures and Number of Patents on Employment in Turkiye: An Evaluation with the ARDL Analysis
Authors: DOĞANER Ayça
Published: September 2022

Unemployment is one of the important macroeconomic problems all over the world. As a matter of fact, employment is one of the most important targets in macroeconomics. For this reason, countries implement various policies in line with the goal of reaching the employment level closest to full employment. The diversity of the instruments preferred while the said policies are being implemented and the content of the investments made in reaching the target are extremely important. Recently, investments in research and development (R&D) expenditures have been increasing rapidly in all countries. At the same time, the total number of patents in countries tends to increase. The aforementioned increases, which are considered as the key to technological development, reveal positive economic statements. In this context, this study examines the relationship between R&D expenditures and total number of patents and employment. In this study, in which 2000-2020 annual data for Turkey are used, whether the series are stationary or not has been determined by traditional unit root tests. After the stationarity determination of the series, the autoregressive distributed lag model ARDL test was performed. According to the results of the analysis, it has been determined that there is a cointegration effect between the variables of R&D expenditures and number of patents and employment variable in Turkey. According to the results of the analysis, it has been determined that a 1% increase in R&D expenditures reduces employment rates by 0.72%, while a 1% unit increase in the total number of patents increases employment rates by 0.04%.
LC-MS analysis and free radical scavenging activity of extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. and Sansiviera liberica Gerome & Labroy
Authors: Oloyede GK  , Oluwayelu DO  , Onocha PA  , Oyelola M  , Spiteller M
Published: September 2022

Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sansiviera liberica are plants used in traditional medicine as antiviral agents. A preliminary study of the bioactive constituents was carried out using Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Free radical scavenging activity of the crude extracts were determined using 2,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical method. Results obtained showed that Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sansiviera liberica were rich in alkaloids and their glycosides. Methanol extract of stem of Anogeissus leiocarpus (MSAL) at 1.0 mg/mL was more active than methanol extract of the twig of Sansevieria liberica (MTSL) with %inhibition of 79.5% and 78.1% respectively in the free radical scavenging assay. These activities were significant when compared with butylated hydroxylanisole and ascorbic acid. This study has given a clue to the traditional application of these two plants as antiviral agents in ethnomedicine.
Modern European Opera repertoire in the Musical and theatrical culture of China
Authors: Ван Кэсинь
Published: September 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся развития современного европейского оперного репертуара в музыкально-театральной культуре Китая. Одной из глобальных проблем оперного искусства Китая, является отсутствие постоянного репертуара. Описываются современные оперные спектакли, которые по тем или иным причинам стали интересны китайскому зрителю. В статье также говорится о высокой оценке постановок Центрального музыкального театра Пекина не только в Китае, но и в Италии.

The article deals with issues related to the development of the modern European opera repertoire in the musical and theatrical culture of China. One of the global problems of Chinese opera is the lack of a permanent repertoire. Modern opera performances are described, which for one reason or another have become interesting to the Chinese audience. The article also talks about the high appreciation of the performances of the Beijing Central Musical Theater not only in China, but also in Italy.
The problems of academic literacy and global scientific communication of Russian and Chinese scientists
Authors: Ма Цзя
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию современных проблем научного взаимодействия русских и китайских ученых. Раскрываются основные компоненты академической грамотности, которые оказывают решающее влияние на эффективность международной научной коммуникации. Анализируется текущая ситуация в сфере глобальной научной коммуникации между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой. Охарактеризованы мероприятия, организованные на государственном уровне в рамках популяризации научного и академического сотрудничества между учеными. Рассматриваются проблемы развития цифровой грамотности ученых из России и Китая: большой цифровой разрыв между двумя странами; различия в развитии блогосферы в предоставлении научных данных и т. д. Определены перспективы дальнейших исследований и разработок в отношении решения проблем глобальной научной коммуникации русских и китайских ученых.

The paper is devoted to the study of modern problems of scientific interaction between Russian and Chinese scientists. The main components of academic literacy are revealed, which have a decisive impact on the effectiveness of international scientific communication. The current situation in the field of global scientific communication between the Russian Federation and the PRC is analyzed. The events organized at the state level in the Russian Federation and the PRC in the framework of the popularization of scientific and academic cooperation between scientists are characterized. The problems of the development of digital literacy of scientists from Russia and China are considered: the large digital divide between the two countries; differences in the development of the blog-sphere in the provision of scientific data, etc. The prospects for further research and development in relation to solving the problems of global scientific communication between Russian and Chinese scientists are determined.
Ensino Superior: obstáculos epistemológicos e didáticos na inserção das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação
Authors: Schuhmacher Vera Rejane Niedersberg , Schuhmacher Elcio , Oliveira Lia Raquel
Published: September 2022

O uso, prós e contras das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação – TDIC na Educação tem sido tema de discussão em todos os países, principalmente quando se trata do Ensino Básico e Secundário. Mas muito pouco se tem discutido sobre a sua inserção curricular no contexto do Ensino Superior. Este artigo pretende contribuir para o estado da arte apresentando os resultados de uma investigação que pretende analisar quais os obstáculos enfrentados pelo docente na inserção das TDIC em sua prática, no Ensino Superior. A pesquisa é de natureza mista (qualitativa e quantitativa) e envolveu a técnica de inquérito por questionário online aplicado a docentes da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina e da Universidade do Minho. Os resultados da análise apontam para um professor consciente da importância e da potencialidade das TDIC, experiente no uso em atividades específicas, mas nem sempre possuidor do conhecimento necessário para lançar mão das TDIC em situações de ensino. A construção do conhecimento se faz distante da formação formal do professor, o que oportuniza a construção de um conhecimento baseado no senso comum e pouco sujeito a críticas. Identificaram-se na análise obstáculos estruturais e obstáculos didáticos na inserção das TDIC na prática docente, os quais, tendem a obstruir o planejamento didático do professor.
A conceituação de regulação: uma análise das políticas públicas e curriculares na educação superior brasileira entre 1990-2010
Authors: Rego Lorena , Neto Francisco
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo, consiste num ensaio baseado na revisão bibliográfica de autores que trabalham os conceitos e relações entre as políticas públicas e curriculares da educação superior, baseado no contexto de regulação com recorte temporal entre as décadas dos anos 1990 a 2010. Para tanto, apresentamos o conceito de regulação, políticas públicas e educação, bem como o desenvolvimento de políticas curriculares para o ensino superior. Finaliza destacando a influência do modelo capitalista contemporâneo preconizado pela definição de competências, com fins de atender interesses econômicos e políticos, em detrimento das reais necessidades do sistema educacional.
role	of NF-κB p65	and	hsp70 in colorectal adenocarcinomA
Authors: Anwar Zavita , Kusumastuti Etty Hary , Kurniasari Nila
Published: September 2022

Free radicals and inflammation in tumor microenvironment are important aspects of tumor biological activity. They activated NF-κB p65 transcription factor pathway. HSP70 is chaperone protein that regulated host of imune response to cancer cells. NF-κB p65 and HSP70 expression is associated with poor prognosis and new targeted therapy in colorectal adenocarcinoma.  This study aims to analyze correlation between NF-κB p65 expression in macrophages and HSP70 in tumor cells with various T stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma. This cross-sectional study was performed on 48 paraffin blocks from colorectal adenocarcinoma at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya from January 2015 to December 2019.  The samples were divided into four groups based on T stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect NF-κB p65 expression in nucleus or cytoplasm of macrophages and HSP70 in cytoplasm of tumor cells. There was no significant difference of NF-κB p65 expression percentage in macrophages at four groups (p=0.31). There was significant differences of HSP70 expression percentage in tumor cells at four groups (p=0.014). There was no correlation between NF-κB p65 expression in macrophages and HSP70 expression in tumor cells with various T stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma (rs=0.05, p=0.97).
impact of calculating ROX index in delaying intubation with COVID-19 patients at King Abdullah medical city
Authors: Alessa Ahmad , Allehyani Badr , Bsooki Moayad , Ismail Mohammad , Almaqati Shams , Alkarmy Suhaib , Alemam Shereen , Qatirgi Hashim , Mohorjy Doaa , Alshaikhi Zuhair
Published: September 2022

Background: HFNC is a respiratory mask that covers the nose like an oxygen mask, with the addition of nasal prongs to deliver extra oxygen. At 12 hours, a ROX score above or equal to 4.88 predicts a decreased probability of progressing to mechanical ventilation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate using a high-flow nasal cannula as a potential predictor of delaying intubation. In doing this, the study also sought to verify whether the ROX index accurately predicts HFNC failure for COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Method: Using retrospective observational analysis of prospectively collected data and the study population of patients in the ICUs at KAMC, the study collects and analyzes data using SPSS. Results: P values that are < 0.05 show that the mean differences are statistically significant, and this is seen on days 1-1, day 1-2, day2-1, day 2-2, day 3-1, day 3-2, day 4-2, day 10-1, and day 10-2. This suggests that ROX index can be used in intubation prediction with COVID-19 patients who have respiratory failure type I that received HFNC therapy.
Hematological changes of diabetes and non-diabetes patients in ministry of science and technology
Authors: Ali Zainab K. , Kanoos Hind M. , Mukhlef Suhaila S. , Mohamed Amal. K. , Kadhim Alaa
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition marked by hyperglycemia. In order to ascertain the linkage in individuals with diabetes and non-diabetes of various ages, hyperglycemia in DM is closely related to Hba1c and hematological tests. Samples and data from the ministry of science and technology's lab were gathered utilizing questionnaires and biochemical data. The difference in the means of fasting blood sugar (FSB), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV), between the patients and the control group is shown by the hemoglobin a1c (Hba1c), which is statistically significant (P 0.01).