bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Relação entre a Democracia Ateniense e as Esposas Legítimas em Aristófanes (Séculos V-IV A.C.)
Authors: Aniceto Bárbara
Published: May 2018

Amparados pela perspectiva de gênero, objetivamos discutir a estreita ligação existente entre a comédia aristofânica, a pólis ateniense e o feminino, especificamente no que diz respeito às esposas legítimas. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre a leitura das peças Lisístrata (411 a.C.), As Tesmoforiantes (411 a.C.) e Assembleia de Mulheres (392 a.C.), encenadas no contexto da Guerra do Peloponeso e posterior à derrota de Atenas (404 a.C.), acreditamos que a esposa legítima foi representada como mantenedora da cidade ateniense, uma vez que percebemos a ênfase em sua importância cívica por ser considerada um veículo justo de crítica nas peças aristofânicas. Ao problematizar os acontecimentos e decisões políticas de seu tempo, o comediógrafo o fez inserindo mulheres ativas em suas peças, responsáveis por aconselhar seus maridos sobre aquilo que julgavam prejudicial à pólis. Pela lei da cidadania, promulgada por Péricles e vigente a partir de meados do V século a.C. (450 a.C.), eram essas mulheres que carregavam o compromisso de reproduzir cidadãos atenienses, contribuindo para a manutenção da lógica democrática clássica. No presente artigo, examinamos alguns indícios documentais de Assembleia de Mulheres que nos auxiliam a pensar o problema da participação feminina na Atenas Clássica, bem como as peças Os Acarnenses (425 a.C.), Os Cavaleiros (424) e Rãs (405 a.C.), as quais apontam a natureza crítica das comédias aristofânicas.
Orientações da Arquitetura Minoica e os Corpos Celestes pela Astronomia: Observações sobre a Construção Oblíqua XXIII do Palácio de Malia
Authors: Cunha Marcos Davi Duarte da
Published: May 2018

A aplicação de tecnologias como sistemas navegacionais via satélite, softwares de acompanhamento astronômico e imagens de satélite podem auxiliar na análise de edificações minoicas localizadas em Creta. Os dados gerados a partir do emprego dessas ferramentas, as características que as edificações apresentam e os artefatos rituais nelas encontrados sugerem que essas construções tinham uma função de culto associada ao domínio de um saber astronômico. Neste artigo, nós discutimos esses pontos através da apresentação de uma análise inicial da chamada Construção Oblíqua XXIII em Malia.
Intake of Different Dietary Proteins and Risk of Heart Failure in Men
Authors: Virtanen Heli E.K. , Voutilainen Sari , Koskinen Timo T. , Mursu Jaakko , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Virtanen Jyrki K.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Animal and plant protein intakes have indicated opposite associations with cardiovascular mortality risk. Whether dietary proteins are associated with risk of heart failure (HF) is unclear. Thus, we examined the associations of proteins from different food sources with risk of HF.

Methods and Results:

The study included 2441 men aged 42 to 60 years at the baseline examinations in 1984 to 1989 in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Protein intakes at baseline were assessed with 4-day dietary records. Data on incident HF cases were obtained from national registers. HF risk according to protein intake was estimated by Cox proportional hazard ratios. During the mean follow-up of 22.2 years, 334 incident HF cases occurred. Higher intake of total protein indicated a trend toward increased risk of HF (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio in the highest versus lowest quartile=1.33; 95% confidence interval: 0.95–1.85;
P
-trend=0.05). The associations between specific types and sources of protein with incident HF were consistent with this overall finding although not all associations reached statistical significance. For example, the hazard ratio in the highest versus lowest quartile was 1.43 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–2.03;
P
-trend=0.07) for total animal protein and 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.91;
P
-trend=0.35) for total plant protein.

Conclusions:

In middle-aged men, higher protein intake was marginally associated with increased risk of HF.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03221127
Diverse Inflammatory Response After Cerebral Microbleeds Includes Coordinated Microglial Migration and Proliferation
Authors: Ahn Sung Ji , Anrather Josef , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B.
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—

Cerebral microbleeds are linked to cognitive decline, but it remains unclear how they impair neuronal function. Infarction is not typically observed near microbleeds, suggesting more subtle mechanisms, such as inflammation, may play a role. Because of their small size and largely asymptomatic nature, real-time detection and study of spontaneous cerebral microbleeds in humans and animal models are difficult.

Methods—

We used in vivo 2-photon microscopy through a chronic cranial window in adult mice to follow the inflammatory response after a cortical microhemorrhage of ≈100 µm diameter, induced by rupturing a targeted cortical arteriole with a laser.

Results—

The inflammatory response included the invasion of blood-borne leukocytes, the migration and proliferation of brain-resident microglia, and the activation of astrocytes. Nearly all inflammatory cells responding to the microhemorrhage were brain-resident microglia, but a small number of CX3CR1
+
and CCR2
+
macrophages, ultimately originating from the invasion of blood-borne monocytes, were also found near the lesion. We found a coordinated pattern of microglia migration and proliferation, where microglia within 200 µm of the microhemorrhage migrated toward the lesion over hours to days. In contrast, microglia proliferation was not observed until ≈40 hours after the lesion and occurred primarily in a shell-shaped region where the migration of microglia decreased their local density. These data suggest that local microglia density changes may trigger proliferation. Astrocytes activated in a similar region as microglia but delayed by a few days. By 2 weeks, this inflammatory response had largely resolved.

Conclusions—

Although microhemorrhages are small in size, the brain responds to a single bleed with an inflammatory response that involves brain-resident and blood-derived cells, persists for weeks, and may impact the adjacent brain microenvironment.
Continuation or Discontinuation of Anticoagulation in the Early Phase After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Groot Adrien E. , Vermeij Jan-Dirk M. , Westendorp Willeke F. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , van de Beek Diederik , Coutinho Jonathan M.
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—

There is no consensus on whether anticoagulation should be continued or temporarily stopped in patients suffering acute ischemic stroke while using anticoagulation. We assessed treatment variations and outcomes in these patients.

Methods—

Post hoc analysis of PASS (Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study). We included patients with acute ischemic stroke who used anticoagulation at admission. We compared clinical outcomes, thrombotic, and major bleeding events at 3 months.

Results—

Nine percent (192/2101) of the patients with acute ischemic stroke used anticoagulation at admission (186 vitamin K antagonists). Anticoagulation was discontinued in 35/192 (18%) patients. These patients had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores than patients in whom anticoagulation was continued (median, 13 versus 4;
P
<0.001). Thrombotic events occurred more frequently in patients in whom anticoagulation was discontinued (11% versus 3%;
P
=0.038). There were no major bleeding events in either group. Mortality and clinical outcomes at 90 days were worse in patients in whom anticoagulation was discontinued (mortality, 31% versus 15%;
P
=0.019 and modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2, 20% versus 55%;
P
<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, there were no statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusions—

In our study, clinicians tended to continue anticoagulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Discontinuation was associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events and worse clinical outcome. Risk of major bleeding was not increased in patients in whom anticoagulation was continued.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN66140176.
Make It Old: Hollis Frampton contra Ezra Pound
Authors: Derk George
Published: May 2018

Hollis Frampton's films have often been characterized as the afterimages of literary modernism. While the material and linguistic concerns of his early films as well as his time spent visiting Ezra Pound at St. Elizabeths Hospital attest to the impact that modernist poetics had on him, the grand finale of his career—the cycle of films that comprise Magellan—marked his most significant departure from these original influences. Considering Magellan in relation to Pound's Cantos illuminates the competing modernisms, both literary and cinematic, in Frampton's late work. In his depiction of two simultaneous voyages—one through the world and one through the history of film—Frampton counterintuitively suggests that a modernism uniquely conceived for film can only be realized after establishing a tradition to renovate: film can finally make it new only through becoming old.
Presence Without Identification: Vicarious Photography and Postcolonial Figuration in Belarus
Authors: Oushakine Serguei Alex.
Published: May 2018

This article explores photographic works produced by key members of the Minsk School of Photography before and after the collapse of the USSR in the 1980s and 1990s. Mostly reworking found images from the Soviet past, these artists employed the visual language of that period to disassociate themselves from Soviet practices of photographic recording. Appropriating conventions of the portrait genre, the Minsk photographers used them to create a stream of obfuscated representations in which individuals are presented devoid of their originary contexts, biographies, and, frequently, faces. Through their de-facing tactics, these photographers visualized forms of indirect postcolonial presence. Erasing subjectivity and abstracting imprints of lived experience, their vicarious photography articulates a model of dealing with history that allows presence without identity or identification.
Muʿtazila in der arabischen Bibelübersetzung des Bišr b. al-Sirrī
Authors: Blumenthal Christian
Published: May 2018

In his significant Arabic translation and interpretation of the Pauline Epistles and the Acts of the Apostles, Bišr b. al-Sirrī used muʿtazila to translate Pharisee throughout his work. This paper elaborates upon the multiple difficulties in revealing the connotations of muʿtazila in Bišr’s work from the middle of the third/tenth century. Furthermore, it offers an explication of his particular use of this term by taking into consideration several aspects, especially the nuance of ascetic piety.
Unity through Omission: Literary Strategies of Recension in Ibn al-Aṯīr’s al-Kāmil fī l-Ta⁠ʾrīḫ
Authors: Hagler Aaron M.
Published: May 2018

The historical chronicle al-Kāmil fī l-ta⁠ʾrīḫ (The Complete History) of Ibn al-Aṯīr al-Ǧazarī (555/1160-630/1233) treats conservatively the existing corpus of narratives of the fitna, the first Muslim civil war (36/656-41/661). Ibn al-Aṯīr alters his main source’s accounts of troublesome moments, usually through omission, to present a universal history that serves to rehabilitate the reputation of the Umayyads without criticizing the partisans of ʿAlī. While this approach may be understood as remarkable scholarly detachment from perhaps the most contentious episode of the early Islamic narrative, in fact this narrative strategy is carefully calculated to present a past that can serve as an example for the future: one in which the disagreements that had fractured the umma were surmountable, and its unity was recoverable. Such changes, while small, had a large qualitative impact due to the narrative centrality of the fitna within the wider early Islamic narrative.
Les terres de l’Alitaje (Grenade) et le pouvoir socio-politique et économique dans l’al-Andalus naṣride : édition, traduction et étude de deux actes notariés de 878/1473-879/1474
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez María Dolores , Vidal-Castro Francisco
Published: May 2018

Dans l’al-Andalus de l’époque naṣride (629/1232-897/1492) et son épilogue mudéjar-morisque (IXe/XVe-Xe/XVIe siècles), la propriété de la terre fut une stratégie du pouvoir à trois niveaux (politique, économique et social) excercée par trois acteurs principaux (les souverains, les notables et les familles aisées). Dans le présent travail, nous allons démontrer (1) que le souverain naṣride possédait des terres ayant une grande valeur économique, (2) que ces mêmes terres furent acquises plus tard par des personnes et des familles notables, (3) que ces terres furent transmises à d’autres propriétaires qui avaient un haut pouvoir d’achat et (4) qu’après la conquête, celles-ci passèrent aux mains de propriétaires chrétiens, mudéjars et morisques ainsi que castillans. À ces fins, nous présentons dans cet article l’édition, la traduction et l’étude d’un document arabe fondamental, spécial et inédit, reproduisant deux actes notariés datant des années 878/1473-879/1474.
A Mirror for the Modern Man: The Siyar Šaʿbiyya as Advice Literature in Tunisian Judeo-Arabic Editions
Authors: Schine Rachel
Published: May 2018

Historically, the siyar šaʿbiyya (sing. sīra) corpus—a collection of popular, orally-performed Arabic chivalric legends—have been cast as being outside of the ambit of adab (belles-lettres). Rather, scholars and critics both classical and modern have tended to regard them as tall tales and pseudo-histories. In closing his 1887 Judeo-Arabic edition of Sīrat Sayf b. Ḏī Yazan (Sīrat al-azaliyya), the Tunisian-Jewish litterateur Rabbi Eliezer (Lazarro) Farḥī provides a seven-point list detailing the practical benefits of reading a sīra. In doing so, he opens a different pathway for approaching the text, in the manner of a mirror-for-princes. Examining Farḥī’s framework in its historical context as well as with reference to scholarship on other popular works such as the 1001 Nights and on the nature of adab and wisdom literature, I offer a model for re-envisioning the sīras as principally didactic texts, rather than sources for entertainment. This I do in accordance with the terms of the sīras’ fin-de-siècle publisher, who casts them as a mirror for the modern Jewish man aspiring to keep apace with life in French colonial Tunis. I conclude not only that Farḥī’s approach to the sīra was likely widespread, but that his work testifies to sustained interest among Jewish audiences in the sīras into modern times, making this minority group’s use of these texts integral to the sīras’ diachronic reception history.
New names of fossil Berberidaceae
Authors: DOWELD ALEXANDER B.
Published: May 2018

New names are proposed for the fossil taxa of Berberis and Mahonia of the American Tertiary and the European Tertiary (The Palaeoflora Europaea Project). Berberis lanceolata Givul. is renamed Berberis miopannonica nom. nov. (non extant Berberis lanceolata Benth.) and Berberis notata nom. nov. is proposed in place of Berberis ambigua Kovar-Eder & Kvaček (fossil) non Berberis ambigua Ahrendt (extant). Berberis notata nom. nov. is validated in place of Ilex ambigua Unger (fossil) non Ilex ambigua Elliott (extant), which were previously treated as illegitimate Berberis ambigua Kovar-Eder & Kvaček (fossil) non Berberis ambigua Ahrendt (extant). Alloberberis axelrodii sp. nov. is validated instead of the previously invalidly published Mahonia sinuata, lacking holotype designation when published. Alloberberis caeruleomontana nom. nov. is validated to replace Ilex sinuata Chaney & Axelrod non Ilex sinuata Saporta. The following new combinations are proposed: A. aceroides comb. nov., A. bilinica comb. nov., A. lobodonta comb. nov., A. marginata comb. nov., A. obliqua comb. nov., Mahonia boulei comb. nov., M. mahoniiformis comb. nov., M. sphenophylla comb. nov. (replacing nomenclaturally superfluous M. aspera). Furthermore, Juglans melaena is neotypified and Alloberberis aceroides is epitypified.
Anthurium narae—A new species of Araceae from a small forest fragment in southeastern Brazil
Authors: CAMELO MEL C. , COELHO MARCUS A. N. , TEMPONI LÍVIA G.
Published: May 2018

Anthurium narae is described from the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. It occurs in a small forest fragment of semideciduous seasonal montane forest, a component of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Descriptions, illustrations, photographs and comparison with other similar species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix are provided together with comments about geographical distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status.
Alburnus goekhani, a new species of bleak from the Anatolian Black Sea basin (Teleostei: Leuciscidae)
Authors: ÖZULUĞ MÜFİT , GEIGER MATTHIAS F. , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: May 2018

Alburnus goekhani, new species, is described from the Yeşilırmak and Kızılırmak River drainages. It belongs to the A. alburnus species group and is distinguished from other species in this group in Anatolia by having 48–56 + 2–3 scales in the lateral-line, 12–15 gill rakers, a distinct dark lateral stripe along the flank on live and preserved specimens and the anal-fin origin situated below the branched dorsal-fin ray 6–8. Alburnus goekhani is also well distinguished from other Alburnus species by its DNA barcode sequence.
Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand. Part 1. Generic key and three new genera
Authors: KHALAIM ANDREY I. , WARD DARREN F.
Published: May 2018

The Tersilochinae (Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand are revised in part, with three new endemic genera and seventeen new species described: Aotearoazeus gen. nov., A. bullivantus sp. nov., A. coronetus sp. nov., A. probles sp. nov., Barycnellus gen. nov., B. aucklandellus sp. nov., B. conlisus sp. nov., B. cuvierensis sp. nov., B. globosus sp. nov., B. robustus sp. nov., Diaparsis zealandica sp. nov., Gauldiana gen. nov., G. arantia sp. nov., G. aspiringa sp. nov., G. dubia sp. nov., G. kaweka sp. nov., G. minuta sp. nov., G. nigra sp. nov., G. rotoitia sp. nov., and G. triangulata sp. nov. Zealochus postfurcalis is transferred to the genus Gauldiana (comb. nov.). The genus Diaparsis is recorded from New Zealand for the first time. Keys to genera and species of Tersilochinae occurring in New Zealand are provided.
Three new species of Lecithocera Herrich-Shäffer, 1853 (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) from Taiwan, with a check list of the genus in Taiwan
Authors: PARK KYU-TEK
Published: May 2018

Three new species of Lecithocera Herrich-Shäffer, 1853; L. quadratiella sp. nov., L. nantouensis sp. nov., and L. meishanensis sp. nov., are described from Taiwan. External and genital features of the new species are illustrated. A check list of the known species of Lecithocera in Taiwan is provided.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Sanchez-Hernandez JG , Rebollo N , Munoz F , Martin-Suarez A , Calvo MV
Published: May 2018

Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy has drastically changed the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Some important drawbacks that can cause loss of response during treatment with these drugs are related to their large individual variability, the disease burden and the formation of antidrug antibodies that increase its clearance. Therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs is not yet recommended by all scientific societies, and if so, only in patients with inflammatory symptoms. Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring represents a new strategy with many potential clinical benefits, including the prevention of immunogenicity, a reduction in the need for rescue therapy and greater durability of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment. The review is based on a systematic search of the literature for controlled trials, systematic reviews, experimental studies, guideline papers and cohort studies addressing the best practice in tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapeutic drug monitoring. Although there is ample evidence supporting the use of therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice to achieve better outcomes, some challenges have been detected. Many studies are focused on finding solutions for the lack of standardization of analytical methods to measure tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and antidrug antibodies concentrations. Other challenges are development of effective cost-saving proactive algorithms to identify optimal drug concentrations and the research on the role of antidrug antibodies, especially in the management and prevention of loss of response. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor offers a rational approach to the optimization of the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. Although prospective controlled trials yield little conclusive evidence of its benefits, there is growing acceptance of its value in clinical practice.
The General Factor of Self-Control and Cost Consideration: A Critical Test of the General Theory of Crime
Authors: Vaughan Tyler J. , Ward Jeffrey T. , Bouffard Jeff , Piquero Alex R.
Published: May 2018

The general theory of crime proposes that the components that make up self-control increase crime by “affecting the calculation of the consequences of one’s acts” (i.e., cost consideration). Despite receiving empirical attention, little is known about the validity of this aspect of the theory because a general factor of self-control has not been empirically linked to cost consideration. As recent research supports the existence of a general factor, this study examines the impact of a general factor and specific factors on cost consideration and offending intentions. Results support the existence of a general factor, which has a large direct effect on offending intentions, but only a small indirect effect, in contrast to the theory’s predictions. Implications for the theory and future research are presented.
A Short Note on Obtaining Point Estimates of the IRT Ability Parameter With MCMC Estimation in Mplus: How Many Plausible Values Are Needed?
Authors: Luo Yong , Dimitrov Dimiter M.
Published: May 2018

Plausible values can be used to either estimate population-level statistics or compute point estimates of latent variables. While it is well known that five plausible values are usually sufficient for accurate estimation of population-level statistics in large-scale surveys, the minimum number of plausible values needed to obtain accurate latent variable point estimates is unclear. This is especially relevant when an item response theory (IRT) model is estimated with MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) methods in Mplus and point estimates of the IRT ability parameter are of interest, as Mplus only estimates the posterior distribution of each ability parameter. In order to obtain point estimates of the ability parameter, a number of plausible values can be drawn from the posterior distribution of each individual ability parameter and their mean (the posterior mean ability estimate) can be used as an individual ability point estimate. In this note, we conducted a simulation study to investigate how many plausible values were needed to obtain accurate posterior mean ability estimates. The results indicate that 20 is the minimum number of plausible values required to obtain point estimates of the IRT ability parameter that are comparable to marginal maximum likelihood estimation(MMLE)/expected a posteriori (EAP) estimates. A real dataset was used to demonstrate the comparison between MMLE/EAP point estimates and posterior mean ability estimates based on different number of plausible values.
Active–disturbance–rejection–control and fractional–order–proportional–integral–derivative hybrid control for hydroturbine speed governor system
Authors: Fang Hongqing , Yuan Xinjian , Liu Peng
Published: May 2018

A novel approach named active–disturbance–rejection–control (ADRC) and fractional–order–proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) hybrid control scheme is proposed for hydroturbine speed governor system, which is based on ADRC and FOPID control methods. By combining the advantages of ADRC and FOPID controllers, the proposed ADRC–FOPID hybrid control scheme can actively reject the unpredictable disturbance, even with random noises, and can be adapted to the nonlinearities as well as unknown dynamics of hydroturbine speed governor system. The control performances of ADRC–FOPID, ADRC, FOPID as well as conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers have been compared. And ADRC–FOPID has been proved to be an effective control scheme for hydroturbine speed governor system.
Bringing human rights to social work: Validating culturally appropriate instruments to measure rights-based practice in Spain
Authors: Cubillos Vega Carla , Ferrán Aranaz Magdalena , McPherson Jane
Published: May 2018

This article describes the Spanish-language translation and cross-cultural validation of two scales – Human Rights Engagement in Social Work and Human Rights Exposure in Social Work. These scales, measuring human rights awareness and commitment among social workers, were first validated in the United States. In this study, the scales were translated and adapted for the Spanish political and cultural context, and then validated in a sample of 498 social work students at three universities in Spain. The process produced two valid and reliable Spanish-language measures to explore human rights awareness and commitment in social work.
Gender Reassignment Surgery: A Catholic Bioethical Analysis
Authors: Jones David Albert
Published: May 2018

There is no explicit authoritative Catholic teaching on gender reassignment surgery (GRS). Catholic bioethicists have debated the origin of gender dysphoria and the effectiveness of GRS. A further ethical question is whether some forms of GRS involve “mutilation in the strict sense.” The principle of totality does not apply to GRS as the reproductive organs are a cause of distress only because the object of distress. This analysis leaves open the status of GRS which does not compromise biological function.
Stigmatizing attitudes of primary care professionals towards people with mental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Vistorte Angel O Rojas , Ribeiro Wagner Silva , Jaen Denisse , Jorge Miguel R , Evans-Lacko Sara , Mari Jair de Jesus
Published: May 2018

Objective

To examine stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders among primary care professionals and to identify potential factors related to stigmatizing attitudes through a systematic review.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Lilacs, IBECS, Index Psicologia, CUMED, MedCarib, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, WHOLIS, Hanseníase, LIS-Localizador de Informação em Saúde, PAHO, CVSO-Regional, and Latindex, through the Virtual Health Library portal ( http://www.bireme.br website) through to June 2017. The articles included in the review were summarized through a narrative synthesis.

Results

After applying eligibility criteria, 11 articles, out of 19.109 references identified, were included in the review. Primary care physicians do present stigmatizing attitudes towards patients with mental disorders and show more negative attitudes towards patients with schizophrenia than towards those with depression. Older and more experience doctors have more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness compared with younger and less-experienced doctors. Health-care providers who endorse more stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness were likely to be more pessimistic about the patient’s adherence to treatment.

Conclusions

Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders are common among physicians in primary care settings, particularly among older and more experienced doctors. Stigmatizing attitudes can act as an important barrier for patients to receive the treatment they need. The primary care physicians feel they need better preparation, training, and information to deal with and to treat mental illness, such as a user friendly and pragmatic classification system that addresses the high prevalence of mental disorders in primary care and community settings.
Psychometric Assessment of the Job Embeddedness Instrument: A Rasch Perspective
Authors: Reitz O. Ed. , Smith Everett V.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the job embeddedness instrument (JEI) using a Rasch perspective in a sample of Registered Nurses (RNs). A secondary analysis of data was conducted from a previous study examining the job embeddedness of rural and urban RNs. A Rasch analysis supported the six underlying dimensions: organizational fit, community fit, organizational links, community links, organizational sacrifice, and community sacrifice. The results of this study also demonstrate additional evidence of the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the JEI inferences with a sample of RNs. In total, 38 of 39 items of the original JEI were retained in the model. The psychometric evaluation attained through this multidimensional Rasch analysis provided support for using the JEI to assess the level of job embeddedness for RNs.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Operative Outcomes in Head and Neck Free Flap Surgery
Authors: Crippen Meghan M. , Brady Jacob S. , Mozeika Alexander M. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo
Published: May 2018

Objective

Analyze the risk for perioperative complications associated with body mass index (BMI) class in patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction.

Study Design and Setting

Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects and Methods

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for all cases of head and neck free flaps between 2005 and 2014 (N = 2187). This population was stratified into underweight, normal‐weight, overweight, and obese BMI cohorts. Groups were compared for demographics, comorbidities, and procedure‐related variables. Rates of postoperative complications were compared between groups using χ2 and binary logistic regression analyses.

Results

Underweight patients (n = 160) had significantly higher rates of numerous comorbidities, including disseminated cancer, preoperative chemotherapy, and anemia, while obese patients (n = 447) had higher rates of diabetes and hypertension. Rates of overall surgical complications, medical complications, and flap loss were insignificantly different between BMI groups. Following regression, obese BMI was protective for perioperative transfusion requirement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, P =. 001), while underweight status conferred increased risk (OR = 2.43, P <. 001). Recent weight loss was found to be an independent predictor of perioperative cardiac arrest (OR = 3.16, P =. 006) while underweight BMI was not (OR = 1.21, P =. 763). However, both weight loss and underweight status were associated with significantly increased risk for 30‐day mortality (OR = 4.48, P =. 032; OR = 4.02, P =. 010, respectively).

Conclusion

Obesity does not increase the risk for postoperative complications in head and neck free flap surgery and may be protective in some cases. When assessing a patient's fitness for surgery, underweight status or recent weight loss may suggest a reduced ability to tolerate extensive free flap reconstruction.
Halting Time: Monuments to Alterity
Authors: Neumann Iver B.
Published: May 2018

Drawing on identity and prototype theory, the article sets out to analyse the historically dominant monumentalising ways in which polities try to shore up their own Selves by halting their Others in time. The first part of the article discusses how monuments represent Self/Other relations from ancient Mesopotamia in the East to modern Britain in the West by limning off a constitutive outside, be that as visual absence or presence. Temporality is of the essence here, with the basic idea being that the Self is in temporal motion, while the Other is literally petrified. I then postulate that the Other is halted in time in three basic ways: as visual absence, as dead and as subjugated. Crucially, however, the Second World War is actually the end point of the extraordinary stability of monumental ways in which to represent the Other. We see the tentative emergence and damning of a fourth Other, namely a previous incarnation of the Self. I conclude, with Norbert Elias, that the fading away of the Other as dead and as subjugated is significant as part of a civilisation process that works against denying the Other its future agency.
Effectiveness of an Energy Management Training Course on Employee Well-Being: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Das Sai Krupa , Mason Shawn T. , Vail Taylor A. , Rogers Gail V. , Livingston Kara A. , Whelan Jillian G. , Chin Meghan K. , Blanchard Caroline M. , Turgiss Jennifer L. , Roberts Susan B.
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

Programs focused on employee well-being have gained momentum in recent years, but few have been rigorously evaluated. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an intervention designed to enhance vitality and purpose in life by assessing changes in employee quality of life (QoL) and health-related behaviors.

Design:

A worksite-based randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Twelve eligible worksites (8 randomized to the intervention group [IG] and 4 to the wait-listed control group [CG]).

Participants:

Employees (n = 240) at the randomized worksites.

Intervention:

A 2.5-day group-based behavioral intervention.

Measures:

Rand Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS) 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) vitality and QoL measures, Ryff Purpose in Life Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies questionnaire for depression, MOS sleep, body weight, physical activity, diet quality, and blood measures for glucose and lipids (which were used to calculate a cardiometabolic risk score) obtained at baseline and 6 months.

Analysis:

General linear mixed models were used to compare least squares means or prevalence differences in outcomes between IG and CG participants.

Results:

As compared to CG, IG had a significantly higher mean 6-month change on the SF-36 vitality scale ( P = .003) and scored in the highest categories for 5 of the remaining 7 SF-36 domains: general health ( P = .014), mental health ( P = .027), absence of role limitations due to physical problems ( P = .026), and social functioning ( P = .007). The IG also had greater improvements in purpose in life ( P < .001) and sleep quality (index I, P = .024; index II, P = .021). No statistically significant changes were observed for weight, diet, physical activity, or cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusion:

An intensive 2.5-day intervention showed improvement in employee QoL and well-being over 6 months.
Automatic band selection algorithm for envelope analysis
Authors: Xu Peng , Ghasemloonia Ahmad , Sun Qiao
Published: May 2018

Envelope analysis has been widely used to detect early stage faults of rolling element bearings. The primary initial step of envelope analysis is the proper selection of the resonance band for demodulation. Current band selection methods, such as wide band selection, “power spectral density” comparison, and selecting the accelerometer resonance band have limitations such as disturbance of the wide band, the need for a healthy signal for comparison, and the implementation of specialized sensors. In this study, an enhanced method of resonance band selection for envelope analysis was developed. The developed method implements high-pass filtering and “time synchronous averaging” to remove dominant speed-dependent (nonsynchronous and synchronous) spectral contents of a vibration signal. Wavelet packet transform and “root mean square” were then applied to determine the energy distribution of the residual signal. The band with the highest energy (resonance band) was selected for envelope analysis. An experimental study was designed for cross-validation of the developed method. The developed method in this study is more practical than current band selection methods and has no special requirement for sensors. The developed algorithm can be implemented as a processing algorithm in a commercial vibration analyzer, which enhances its ability in early-stage bearing fault detection.
Three-dimensional integrated guidance and control for terminal angle constrained attack against ground maneuvering target
Authors: Lai Chao , Wang Weihong , Liu Zhenghua , Ma Zheng
Published: May 2018

A neuro-adaptive fast terminal sliding-mode dynamic surface control method based on a finite-time stable nonlinear extended state observer is applied to integrated guidance and control design for skid-to-turn missile attacking a ground maneuvering target with terminal angle constraints. A three-dimensional integrated guidance and control design model against a maneuvering target for skid-to-turn missile is established without the assumption that the missile velocity vector and the line of sight coincide with each other. The non-singular fast terminal sliding surface is applied to construct the first error surface of dynamic surface control and the first virtual control law is designed to guarantee hitting accuracy with desired terminal angles. The finite-time stable nonlinear extended state observer is designed separately to estimate uncertainties in the system. And the neuro-adaptive technique is applied to compensate estimation errors of nonlinear extended state observer by training a three-layer feedforward neural network online. Synthesizing all of above, a neuro-adaptive fast terminal sliding-mode dynamic surface control based on nonlinear extended state observer is derived on Lyapunov stability theory, which guarantees stability of the system. Finally, the numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed three-dimensional integrated guidance and control scheme.
The Teachers of Quality Academy: Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Impact of a Health Systems Science Training Program
Authors: Walsh Danielle S. , Lazorick Suzanne , Lawson Luan , Lake Donna , Garrison Herbert G. , Higginson Jason , Vos Paul , Baxley Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a faculty development program in health systems science (HSS)—the Teachers of Quality Academy (TQA). Participants in TQA and a comparison group were evaluated before, during, and 1 year after the program using self-perception questionnaires, tests of HSS knowledge, and tracking of academic productivity and career advancement. Among program completers (n = 27), the mean self-assessed ratings of knowledge and skills of HSS topics immediately after the program, as compared to baseline, increased significantly compared to controls (n = 30). Participants demonstrated progressive improvement of self-perceived skills and attitudes, and retention of HSS knowledge, from baseline to completion of the program. Participants also demonstrated substantially higher HSS scholarly productivity, leadership, and career advancement compared to the comparison group. The TQA effectively created a faculty cadre able to role model, teach, and create a curriculum in HSS competencies for medical students, resident physicians, and other health professionals.
Reoperation Rate Differences Between Open Reduction Internal Fixation and Primary Arthrodesis of Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Buda Matteo , Kink Shaun , Stavenuiter Ruben , Hagemeijer Catharina Noortje , Chien Bonnie , Hosseini Ali , Johnson Anne Holly , Guss Daniel , DiGiovanni Christopher William
Published: May 2018

Background:

Controversy persists as to whether Lisfranc injuries are best treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) versus primary arthrodesis (PA). Reoperation rates certainly influence this debate, but prior studies are often confounded by inclusion of hardware removal as a complication rather than as a planned, staged procedure inherent to ORIF. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether reoperation rates, excluding planned hardware removal, differ between ORIF and PA. A secondary aim was to evaluate patient risk factors associated with reoperation after operative treatment of Lisfranc injuries.

Methods:

Between July 1991 and July 2016, adult patients who sustained closed, isolated Lisfranc injuries with or without fractures and who underwent ORIF or PA with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were analyzed. Reoperation rates for reasons other than planned hardware removal were examined, as were patient risk factors predictive of reoperation. Two hundred seventeen patients met enrollment criteria (mean follow-up, 62.5 ± 43.1 months; range, 12-184), of which 163 (75.1%) underwent ORIF and 54 (24.9%) underwent PA.

Results:

Overall and including planned procedures, patients treated with ORIF had a significantly higher rate of return to the operation room (75.5%) as compared to those in the PA group (31.5%, P < .001). When excluding planned hardware removal, however, there was no difference in reoperation rates between the 2 groups (29.5% in the ORIF group and 29.6% in the PA group, P = 1). Risk factors correlating with unplanned return to the operation room included deep infection ( P = .009-.001), delayed wound healing ( P = .008), and high-energy trauma ( P = .01).

Conclusion:

When excluding planned removal of hardware, patients with Lisfranc injuries treated with ORIF did not demonstrate a higher rate of reoperation compared with those undergoing PA.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study
Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations in Truncus Arteriosus
Authors: Parikh Rishi , Eisses Michael , Latham Gregory J. , Joffe Denise C. , Ross Faith J.
Published: May 2018

Truncus arteriosus is a congenital cardiac lesion in which failure of embryonic truncal septation results in a single semilunar valve and single arterial trunk providing both pulmonary and systemic circulations. Most patients with this lesion are symptomatic in the neonatal period with cyanosis and/or congestive heart failure and undergo complete repair in the first weeks of life. This review will focus on the anatomy, physiology, and perioperative anesthetic management of patients with truncus arteriosus.
Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in feline acute aortic thromboembolism: a retrospective study of 16 cases
Authors: Guillaumin Julien , Gibson Ryan MB , Goy-Thollot Isabelle , Bonagura John D
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Thrombolytic therapy is a treatment of choice for people with acute ischemic events, but is uncommonly administered for feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE). This study reports selected clinical data and outcomes of acute FATE treated with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). A reference group treated with current standard of care (SOC) was analyzed for comparison.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of FATE in two academic hospitals. TPA-treated cats with two or more limbs (n = 16) affected were compared with a SOC-treated group with two or more limbs affected (n = 38). A limb score based on motor function and pulse quality was calculated for each group.

Results

Limb score and proportion of congestive heart failure at admission was similar in both groups. Time from FATE to admission was shorter in the TPA group, with a median of 3 h (range 0–6 h) vs 6 h (range 0–48 h; P = 0.0004). The most common regimen received for TPA was 1 mg/kg over 1 h. Other treatments were similar to those of the SOC group and included analgesia, thromboprophylaxis and furosemide. Documented complications for TPA-treated cats included reperfusion injury (5/10) and acute kidney injury (AKI; 3/10). Discharge proportion rate was 44% (TPA) vs 29% (SOC; P = 0.351). There were no differences in short-term survival rate (56.2% vs 39.5%; P = 0.369), clinical improvement (56.2% vs 31%; P = 0.122), rates of reperfusion injury (50% vs 50%; P = 1.00) or AKI (30% vs 27%; P = 1.00) between the TPA-treated and SOC groups, respectively.

Conclusions and relevance

Survival and complication rates of TPA-treated cats and SOC-treated cats for acute FATE were similar.
Discrepancy and contradiction regarding fixation of hip stems with or without cement: survey among 765 hip arthroplasty specialists
Authors: Boymans Tim AEJ , Heyligers Ide C , Grimm Bernd
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

The growing use of cementless stems is associated with an increase in implant-related complications. This global survey study investigates which parameters orthopaedic surgeons currently consider for either cemented or cementless stem fixation in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:

A survey regarding current practice patterns was distributed among hip arthroplasty specialists. Key questions concerned: (i) frequency of using cemented/cementless stems; (ii) frequency of using parameters which influence a choice between both; (iii) usage of specific cut-off values for parameters.

Results:

507 (out of 765) respondents, having at least 5 years’ experience and performing at least 50 cases a year, were selected for analysis. Respondents using both fixation techniques ( n = 413; 81%) use a cementless stem in 69% and a cemented stem in 31%. The choice is most frequently based on: (i) patient age; (ii) cortical thickness; (iii) femoral canal shape; (iv) bone mineral density; and (v) stem fit on preoperative templating. 57% using both fixation techniques do not use a specific cut-off value for age. 92% of the respondents that do use a cut-off value for age use exclusively cemented stems in patients being ⩾72.7 years (median 75; range 50–90 years). Considerable discrepancy and even contradictory responses were present regarding the other parameters and the use of specific cut-off values.

Conclusions:

Current practice patterns regarding stem fixation in primary THA vary substantially among orthopaedic surgeons. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to define which parameters and threshold values support the best individual choice for hip stem fixation.
A Method for Deriving Quasi-healthy Cohorts From Clinical Data
Authors: Irino Satoshi , Kurihara Yukio
Published: May 2018

We evaluated quasi-healthy cohorts (model cohorts), derived from clinical data, to determine how well they simulated control cohorts. Control cohorts comprised individuals extracted from a public checkup database in Japan, under the condition that their values for 3 basic laboratory tests fall within specific reference ranges (3Ts condition). Model cohorts comprised outpatients, extracted from a clinical database at a hospital, under the 3Ts condition or under the condition that their values for 4 laboratory tests fall within specific reference ranges (4Ts condition). Because even a patient with a serious illness, such as cancer, may present with normal values on basic laboratory tests, one additional condition was added: the duration (1 or 3 months; 1M or 3M) during which patients were not hospitalized after their first laboratory test. For evaluations, cohorts were specified by age and sex. The 4Ts + 3M condition was the most effective condition, under which model cohorts were used to successfully simulate age-dependent changes and sex differences in laboratory test values for control cohorts. Therefore, by properly setting the conditions for extracting quasi-healthy individuals, we can derive cohorts from clinical data to simulate various types of cohorts. Although some issues with the proposed method remain to be solved, this approach presents new possibilities for using clinical data for cohort studies.
Kissing Stents for Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Due to Mediastinal Fibrosis
Authors: Bardet Jérémy , Fabre Dominique , Brenot Philippe , Watkins Claire , Fadel Elie
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To report the endovascular reconstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC), innominate and internal jugular veins following stenosis due to mediastinal fibrosis.

Case Report:

A 36-year-old female with mediastinal fibrosis was referred for symptomatic SVC syndrome (SVCS). A covered stent was inserted in the SVC with 2 kissing stents in the innominate and jugular veins via anterograde right femoral vein access with sandwich technique. She exhibited near-immediate relief of debilitating symptoms. Computed tomographic scan demonstrated patent vessels at 1 year.

Conclusions:

Extensive endovascular venous reconstruction is an effective treatment for SVCS due to mediastinal fibrosis.