bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of onion cultivars as a function of spacing between plants
Authors: Santos Jandeilson P. dos , Grangeiro Leilson C. , Sousa Valdívia de F. L. de , Gonçalves Francisco das C. , Franca Francisco D. de , Cordeiro Carlos J. X.
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of onion cultivars as a function of the spacing between plants. The experimental design was a complete randomized block in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments were composed of the combination between three onion cultivars (Vale Ouro IPA 11, Serena and Rio das Antas) and four plant spacings (3, 6, 8 and 10 cm). The evaluated characteristics were total, marketable and unmarketable yield of bulbs, percentages of bulbs in classes 1, 2, 3 and 4, bulb mean weight, bulb dry weight. In onion cultivation, the cultivars Rio das Antas and Serena are the most indicated, with the highest marketable yields at 6 and 3 cm spacings between plants, respectively. The cultivar Vale Ouro IPA 11 presented higher marketable yield for the spacing of 5 cm between plants.
A paisagem do Ribeirão Fortaleza em Blumenau-SC: percepção da população para a sua recuperação e valorização
Authors: Rudolpho Lucas da Silva , Karnopp Zuleica Maria Patricio , Santiago Alina Gonçalves
Published: February 2018

Resumo Com o advento das discussões ambientais sob o paradigma da sustentabilidade, rios urbanos em todo o mundo vêm sendo alvo de projetos de recuperação e valorização. Na expectativa de processos de projetos sustentáveis, de caráter interdisciplinar, entende-se que o conhecimento e a compreensão das percepções da população em relação às paisagens fluviais urbanas são a base para qualquer projeto que se deseje implantar com legitimidade e sucesso. Saber como uma população ribeirinha pensa e sente acerca do rio e seu entorno possibilita entender como as pessoas interagem com aquele ambiente e, inclusive, conhecer as repercussões de suas atitudes para além daquele espaço. Com base nessas premissas, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com o objetivo de compreender o que pensa e sente a população que vive nas margens do Ribeirão Fortaleza, em Blumenau-SC, sobre a paisagem local. O processo de análise dos registros das entrevistas e das observações de campo possibilitou a identificação de três grandes categorias: Memórias do Ribeirão Fortaleza e sua importância na vida dos moradores; Aspectos positivos e negativos em relação à paisagem do Ribeirão Fortaleza, e Propostas para a melhoria de sua paisagem. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa subsidiar a elaboração de projetos e o acompanhamento de seus processos de implantação e avaliação, no âmbito da gestão municipal e da produção acadêmica, não somente na Arquitetura e Urbanismo, mas em outras áreas do conhecimento, haja vista que modos de viver os espaços ribeirinhos envolvem componentes de natureza multidisciplinar.
A ocupação urbana no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e suas implicações no turismo de segunda residência
Authors: Lopes Eduardo Baptista , Ruiz Thays Cristina Domareski , Anjos Francisco Antonio dos
Published: February 2018

Resumo O Litoral Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil, é uma região que tem presenciado diversas transformações em suas formas de ocupação e expansão urbana, ao longo da história. Desde as primeiras ocupações por estâncias e fazendas até as modalidades atuais, predominantemente turísticas, os municípios desta região passaram por uma série de modificações de usos e de formas, ao longo do tempo. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar os períodos de ocupação do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul e sua relação com o turismo de segunda residência, delimitados através da identificação dos usos, da análise das formas de crescimento urbano, do traçado e das tipologias das edificações, verificados na região. Na pesquisa realizada, foi possível identificar, delimitar e analisar quatro períodos no processo de ocupação da região: estâncias e fazendas (até 1888), turismo de saúde (1888-1940), loteamentos balneários (1940-1995) e condomínios horizontais (1995-2016).
Estratégias para incentivar o transporte não motorizado em megaeventos esportivos: o caso do estádio do Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Flórez Josefina , Portugal Licinio da Silva , Escobar Nathaly
Published: February 2018

Resumo A fim de contribuir com a concepção de políticas de mobilidade urbana mais eficientes, foram definidas e avaliadas estratégias para promover o transporte não motorizado (principalmente a pé) nos jogos realizados no estádio do Maracanã, que possam ser replicáveis em outras instalações esportivas que fazem parte dos megaeventos no Rio de Janeiro. As estratégias foram formuladas com base em duas fontes de informações, na revisão bibliográfica e nos resultados de uma pesquisa de campo constituída por: mais de 1.000 entrevistas com os espectadores dos jogos no Maracanã durante a Copa das Confederações de Futebol 2013; grupos focais envolvendo frequentadores desse estádio; e entrevistas em profundidade. Posteriormente, especialistas da administração pública foram consultados e avaliaram tais estratégias, definindo como prioritárias aquelas referentes às melhorias na infraestrutura e nos equipamentos para pedestres e cadeirantes, bem como as campanhas de divulgação e de conscientização que incentivam o uso dos modos não motorizados e desestimulam o uso dos automóveis. As estratégias destacadas pelos especialistas se caracterizam por apresentar um menor nível de dificuldade e de custo para a sua implantação, representando uma boa opção para melhorar a qualidade urbana e promover a mobilidade sustentável.
Projeto estratégico de ocupação do fundo de vale do córrego da Aldeia no perímetro urbano de Fernandópolis/SP
Authors: Corrêa Ricardo Henrique Alves , Vazquez Gisele Herbst , Vanzela Luiz Sergio
Published: February 2018

Resumo A política urbana induz o processo de ocupação dos fundos de vale sem respeitar a dinâmica natural desses locais, aplicando a legislação ambiental e os instrumentos urbanísticos de forma idêntica à zona rural. Além disso, é comum observar a desvalorização dessas áreas para o mercado imobiliário e o abandono pelo poder público, sendo ainda, nos últimos anos, palco do debate entre ambientalistas e urbanistas sobre o entendimento da aplicação do atual Código Florestal. Assim, este trabalho realizado nas nascentes do córrego da Aldeia, em Fernandópolis/SP, comprovou a ineficiência de todos os projetos desenvolvidos até hoje. A pavimentação asfáltica, a canalização das águas pluviais e o tamponamento de alguns trechos de cursos de água agravaram o processo erosivo. Os projetos de educação ambiental e de reflorestamento ficaram restritos a pequenas áreas, e os problemas de alagamento nunca foram enfrentados. A implantação do parque linear do córrego da Aldeia demonstra ser uma alternativa viável para o município, resgatando e mobilizando a população, transformando a convivência com os cursos d’água no meio urbano e atingindo os objetivos desejados nos níveis social, cultural e ecológico, sem comprometer o importante papel das áreas de fundo de vale na manutenção da biodiversidade e do equilíbrio ambiental.
Photosynthetic performance of contrasting Jatropha curcas genotypes during the flowering and fruiting stages
Authors: Domiciano Gisele Pereira , Kobayashi Adilson Kenji , Molinari Hugo Bruno Correa , Laviola Bruno Galveas , Alves Alexandre Alonso
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological processes in contrasting physic nut (Jatropha curcas) genotypes during the flowering and fruiting stages. Gas exchange parameters were measured using an infrared gas analyzer, and morphological traits were evaluated during each stage under natural conditions, in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Differences in yield between J. curcas accessions were not related to photosynthetic performance, but rather to the number of inflorescences and female flowers, which are genetically determined. Moreover, the net CO2 assimilation was equivalent in both genotypes, although they produced different amount of fruit. The genotypes differed consistently in terms of carboxylation efficiency and ribulose bisphosphate regeneration. Finally, J. curcas branch growth is not impaired by the increased sink strength during fruiting, and fruit may have been actually exerting a positive effect on the net CO2 assimilation, which may have enabled plants to maintain growth while producing flowers and fruits.
Methods of adaptability and stability applied to eucalyptus breeding
Authors: Santos Osmarino Pires dos , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Nardino Maicon , Olivoto Tiago , Pelegrin Alan Junior de , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Ferrari Mauricio , Nunes Andrei Caíque Pires , Demari Gustavo Henrique , Lautenchleger Francine , Souza Velci Queiróz de , Maia Luciano Carlos da
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the consistency of the methods of Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns, Wricke, and factor analysis in identifying eucalyptus clones with stability, adaptability, and high productive potential. Eight-four clones, with three years of age, from the genetic breeding program of the company CMPC Celulose Riograndense were used. Three field experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, in an 84x3 factorial arragement, with 20 replicates of one plant per plot. The clones were evaluated as to diameter at breast height, plant height, and volume of wood. The methods of Annicchiarico and Lin & Binns are highly correlated with each other, and their use together with the method of Wricke is a sound strategy for the evaluation of eucalyptus clones. The factor analysis identified broadly adaptable clones, and some of them were the same ones identified by the methods of Annicchiarico and Lin & Binns. The use of the mean classification of the clones, along with the factor analysis, is efficient to identify the most adapted, stable, and productive ones among a high number of genotypes.
Repeatability of associations between analytical methods of adaptability, stability, and productivity in soybean
Authors: Woyann Leomar Guilherme , Milioli Anderson Simionato , Bozi Antonio Henrique , Dalló Samuel Cristian , Matei Gilvani , Storck Lindolfo , Benin Giovani
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between estimates of adaptability, stability, and productivity in soybean (Glycine max), and to estimate the repeatability coefficient of these associations between years. A total of 22 genotypes were evaluated in 27 environments in the 2012/2013 crop season and in 19 environments in 2013/2014. In the next crop seasons, 28 genotypes were evaluated in 26 environments, in 2014/2015, and in 25 environments in 2015/2016, totalizing 97 trials. Fourteen methods were evaluated; Spearman correlation coefficients were obtained for the parameters of stability, adaptability, and productivity; and the repeatability coefficients, as well as the minimum number of required environments for a coefficient of determination of 80 and 90%, were calculated. The minimum number of environments required to estimate the degree of association between the parameters was low (seven sites). The methods of Eberhart & Russell and GGE biplot are essential in the evaluation of productivity, adaptability, and stability in soybean because they are able to encompass these aspects using a minimum set of methods. The methods of Annicchiarico (AN), Silva & Barreto (SB), Cruz (CR), and Storck & Vencovsky (SV) can be used to generate complementary information, such as: stability for general, favorable, and unfavorable environments (AN); adaptability in favorable and unfavorable environments (SB, CR, and SV); and average productivity in all environments and in favorable or unfavorable environments (SV).
Polymorphism in Litopenaeus vannamei genes and cross-species amplification in other shrimp species
Authors: Santos Camilla Alves , Farias Flavio , Teixeira Ana Karina , Rocha João Luís , Guerrelhas Ana Carolina , Freitas Patrícia Domingues de
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess polymorphisms within Litopenaeus vannamei candidate genes related to growth performance, and a possible association between weight genotypes and phenotypes in two shrimp closed lines. Three EST-SSR (serine-arginine, 60S ribosomal, and troponin) and one EST-SNP (crustacyanin) were selected and evaluated in L. vannamei and seven other marine shrimp species, besides two freshwater species. Genotypes had no effect on total body weight. Although no association was observed in the sampled population, these markers showed amplification for most of the evaluated species and, therefore, may be useful in further genetic studies on shrimp species.
Reaction of lettuce genotypes to Lettuce mosaic virus-Most (LMV-Most) and characterization of the translation factor eIF4E
Authors: Moura Mônika Fecury , Silva Norberto da , Hoffmann Maria Isabel Motta , Pavan Marcelo Agenor , Krause-Sakate Renate
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate lettuce genotypes for their reaction to Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV; Most-type, isolate AF-199) and variations of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. All inoculated genotypes were susceptible to LMV, which was detected by RT-PCR using specific primer pairs. However, the accessions 169501, 169501C, 172918A, and 162499 showed late development of symptoms that appeared only on the inoculated leaves. Sequencing of the coding region of eIF4E showed that these genotypes have an eIF4E0 (mol 0 ) standard typical for their susceptibility to LMV, indicating that the phenotype found is not correlated to nucleotide variations in this translation factor.
Город и деревня в имперской, советской и современной России
Authors: Нефедова Татьяна Григорьевна
Published: February 2018

Татьяна Григорьевна Нефедова – доктор географических наук, главный научный сотрудник, Институт географии РАН. Адрес: 119017, Москва, Старомонетный пер., д. 29. E-mail: trene12@yandex.ru

Цитирование: Нефедова Т.Г. (2018) Город и деревня в имперской, советской и современной России // Мир России. Т. 27. № 1. С. 183–202. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-183-202

 

Выход в свет трехтомника Бориса Николаевича Миронова «Российская империя: от традиции к модерну» является ценным подарком для тех, кто не только интересуется российской историей, но и пытается объяснить многие современные процессы. Его  труд настолько огромен и всеобъемлющ, что рассматривать его можно лишь по частям. Статья представляет собой попытку некоторой рефлексии на пятую главу первого тома трехтомника. В ней анализируются лишь несколько сюжетов, показывающих, как продолжалась описанная Б.Н. Мироновым история модернизации города и деревни в ХХ–ХХI вв.  В статье сравниваются основные особенности городов и сельской местности дореволюционной России с их современными чертами. Выявляются различия взаимодействия городов и деревень в XVI–XX веках и более 100 лет спустя. Изучается, что представляют собой современные города и деревни, как менялось их население, как при росте числа городов происходила их поляризация, особенно в постсоветское время. Прослеживаются процессы урбанизации и кризисной дезурбанизации в ХХ веке. Особое внимание уделяется возрождению отходничества в современной России, его отличиям от такового в конце XIX – начале ХХ веков, масштабам и географическим особенностям современной трудовой мобильности населения, связывающей города разного размера и сельскую местность.
Трактовки и способы измерения продовольственной безопасности в современной России: дискурсивные и реальные противоречия
Authors: Троцук Ирина Владимировна , Никулин Александр Михайлович , Вегрен Стивен
Published: February 2018

Ирина Владимировна Троцук – доктор социологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, Центр аграрных исследований, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; доцент, кафедра социологии, Российский университет дружбы народов. Адрес: 119571, Москва, просп. Вернадского, д. 82. E-mail: irina.trotsuk@yandex.ru

Александр Михайлович Никулин – кандидат экономических наук, директор, Центр аграрных исследований, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ. Адрес: 119571, Москва, просп. Вернадского, д.  82. E-mail: nikulin@ranepa.ru

Стивен Вегрен – профессор политологии, Южный методистский университет. Адрес: Dallas, Texas, 75275, USA. E-mail: swegren@smu.edu

Цитирование: Троцук И.В., Никулин А.М., Вегрен С. (2018) Трактовки и способы измерения продовольственной безопасности в современной России: дискурсивные и реальные противоречия // Мир России. Т. 27. № 1. С. 34–64. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-34-64

 

В статье охарактеризованы форматы внимания политиков и ученых к проблемам продовольственной безопасности, особенно к ее противоречивым определениям в интеллектуальных и идеологических дискуссиях в связи с разработкой программ и доктрин продовольственной безопасности. Также отмечена важность концепции продовольственного суверенитета как критически альтернативного ей подхода. Обращаясь к историческому и современному опыту обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в России, авторы отмечают зигзаги продовольственной политики – переход от советской автаркической модели продовольственного самообеспечения через попытки либерализации продовольственной политики 1990-х гг. к новой протекционистской и автаркической доктрине 2000-х гг. Критическому осмыслению в статье подвергаются индикаторы продовольственной безопасности: так, показатели валового роста производства разных видов продовольствия все же недостаточны для оценки национальной продовольственной безопасности, поскольку ключевыми являются индикаторы эффективности аграрного производства, доступности качественных продуктов питания для всех слоев населения и возможность потребителей контролировать вопросы продовольственного обеспечения. В заключительной части статьи представлен обзор социологических исследований продовольственной безопасности в России и прежде всего результатов мониторингов Центра аграрных исследований РАНХиГС в 2015–2017 годах, зафиксировавших противоречивую «двойную автаркию» в ответах респондентов: с одной стороны, они поддерживают политический курс на продовольственный протекционизм и национализм (автаркия государственная); с другой стороны, стремятся к продовольственному суверенитету (автаркия семейная), интенсифицируя натуральное самообеспечение.
Основные смыслы жизненного мира сельских жителей России
Authors: Тощенко Жан Терентьевич , Великий Петр Панфилович
Published: February 2018

Жан Терентьевич Тощенко – член-корреспондент РАН, доктор философских наук, заведующий, кафедра теории и истории социологии, РГГУ; главный научный сотрудник, Институт социологии РАН. Адрес: 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, 24/35, к.  5. E-mail: zhantosch@mail.ru

Петр Панфилович Великий – доктор философских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт аграрных проблем РАН. Адрес: 410012, Саратов, ул. Московская, 94. E-mail: iagpran@mail.ru

Цитирование: Тощенко Ж.Т., Великий П.П. (2018) Основные смыслы жизненного мира сельских жителей России // Мир России. Т. 27. № 1. С. 7–33. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-7-33

 

В статье раскрываются основные смыслы жизненного мира жителей современной российской деревни. Теоретико-методологической основой анализа является концепция социологии жизни, которая исходным, базовым понятием считает «жизненный мир» людей, где структурными компонентами выступают общественное сознание, поведение (деятельность) и объективные условия (макро-, мезо- и микромир). Такой подход позволяет раскрыть палитру общественной (публичной) и личной (приватной) жизни людей, в том числе и проживающих в сельской местности. Особое внимание уделяется обоснованию и необходимости применения в социологических исследованиях такого понятия, как «смысл жизни», который трактуется как цели-принципы, которыми руководствуется человек (осознанно или стихийно) в своей повседневной жизни. Исходя из этих теоретико-методологических оснований, жизненный мир сельских жителей раскрывается через его главные смыслы, находящие отражение в основных ценностных ориентациях и соответствующей мотивации: остаться на селе, переехать из села в город, компромиссные установки (жить на селе, а работать и/или отдыхать в городе). Все эти смыслы, в конечном счете, замыкаются на обобщающий смысл – стремление к социальной справедливости, которая касается специфики жизни сельчан как граждан (уровень общества), как жителей (уровень поселения), как индивидов (уровень непосредственно окружения). Все эти смысложизненные ценностные ориентации также серьезно различаются в зависимости от социального положения, возраста, отношения к землепользованию (формам собственности) и семейного положения. Анализ основных смыслов жизни дается на базе всероссийских исследований 2014–2016 гг., проведенных социологами Российского государственного гуманитарного университета (РГГУ) по гранту Российского научного фонда  – «Жизненный мир россиян и эволюция форм их участия в реализации государственных и  общественных преобразований (1990–2010-е годы)». В статье также использована статистическая информация Росстата РФ, данные Института социологии РАН, ВЦИОМ, Левада-Центра и других, в том числе и региональных, исследовательских организаций.
Measurement of the skin thickness by high-frequency ultrasound in newborns v1
Authors: Luiza Nogueira Vitral Gabriela , Amélia P. Lopes Aguiar Regina , Michelle Fonseca de Souza Ingrid , Nascimento Guimaraes Rodney , Silveira Nogueira Reis Zilma
Published: February 2018

The authors describe the skin thickness measurement in vivo using a handheld DermaLab® USB Series ultrasound from Cortex Technology. Epidermis and dermis layers ofnewborns are assessed by scanning and the procedures of the mean thickness determination are pictured.
The impact of an enlightenment program on community perception towards children with epilepsy
Authors: Komomo Ibor Eyong , E. Emmanuel Ekanem , Asindi Asindi A. , Torty Chimaeze , E. Brown-Abang
Published: February 2018

Background: Epilepsy is associated with social stigma and discrimination which is often harmful and devastating. Lack of knowledge and misconception is responsible for these negative attitudes. Public awareness and education are known to improve perception towards epileptics.Methods: A sensitization workshop among community leaders on epilepsy was carried out in a rural community in Cross River State, Nigeria. A pretest questionnaire was administered to participants based on items related to knowledge and perception towards epileptics. The respondents were offered a 2-hour workshop on the causes, types, cure and myths about epilepsy. The same questionnaire was again applied after the workshop. The responses before and after intervention were compared using the McNemar test statistic, with a significance level at p<0.05.Results: Seventy-two respondents participated in the study comprising of 42 (58.3%) males and 30 (41.7%) females. Twenty-eight (38.9%) had primary education and the same number had tertiary education. There was a positive correlation between level of education and performances in the perception towards various domains of epilepsy. Statistical significant differences were found in perceptions regarding cure, mode of contracting epilepsy and potentials of epileptics. However, no statistical difference in perception after the intervention regarding marriage to epileptics.Conclusions: Respondents with higher level of education demonstrated significantly better awareness and attitude towards epileptics compared to those with lower levels the intervention package produced a significant improvement in most domains of perception about epilepsy. Public enlightenment is effective in reducing social stigma and discrimination. It should be encouraged to curtail the negative attitude and perception towards epileptics.
A study on behavioural effects of laboratory rats (albino wistar) after the sub-chronic noise stress
Authors: J. A. P. Bodhika , J. R. I. A. Jayakody
Published: February 2018

Background: Humans and animals can hear a wide range of sound frequencies. If the sense of hearing is impaired, both man and animal cannot fare well in their respective environments. Present study is aimed to investigate the behavioral effects following the sub-chronic noise stress of a rat species, Albino Wistar.Methods: The sound source consists of a set of speakers, GWINSTEK AFG-2000 series function generator and an amplifier. Sound levels and frequencies were monitored by B and K type 2250 sound level meter. Six adult Albino Wistars were exposed to sound frequencies of 1-20 kHz, at intervals of 1 kHz at LAeq of 70-80 dB for 5minute periods and their behavior was recorded. In the second test four adult rats were randomly divided into control and test groups. The test animals were exposed to noise of 7, 8, 9 and 10 kHz for 4hrs daily while keeping the control group in same room for same period of time without exposing to the sound. Locomotive activity, increase of defection and decrease of social activities, of rats was assessed by open field test (OFT). Anxiety and depressive behavior were monitored by elevated plus maze test (EPM) and tail suspension test (TST).Results: A different behavior in rats was observed in frequency range of 7-10 kHz. At the beginning of exposure, all rats were huddled in a group and then some were frozen into motionless stance. A less time spent and less number of entries in open arm was noticed in test sample compared to the controls in the EPM test. A tendency to move to open field compared to controls was identified in OFT. The TST revealed that a significant increase in immobility time, which indicates a depression like behavior of noise stressed rats compared to controls.Conclusions: According to the study the most effective noise frequency range for rats is 7-10 kHzl.
Study of DMSA (99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid) scan disorders in children 1-12 years with first acute pyelonephritis and its association with vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Vafaie Majid , Zare-noghabi Javad , Bahri Hadiseh
Published: February 2018

Background: Acute pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux are one of the main causes of renal scarring in children, which can lead to serious complications such as hypertension and chronic renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scan disorders in children aged 1-12 years with acute pyelonephritis and its relation with ureteral bladder reflux.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all patients who had been diagnosed with febrile UTI for 4 years (2012-2015) in Ardebil's Children's Hospital. Information about 99mTc-DMSA scan and ultrasonography and cystoyurethrography of patients were extracted from the files and then analyzed by statistical methods inSPSS.19.Results: 148 children (9 boys and 139 girls) with a range of 1 to 12 years old (mean age of 52.34±4.34 months) were included in the study. Of these, 123 patients were subjected to cystoyurethrography after a negative urine culture. A 99mTc-DMSA scan report in the acute phase of the disease was abnormal in 80.4% of the children. VCUG and RNC tests were performed in 123 patients, in 70 (57%) normal cases, and in 53 cases (43%) of urinary reflux. The incidence of reflux with abnormal 99mTc-DMSA scan was 42%. There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of reflux in patients with abnormal 99mTc-DMSA scan in two groups of 1-4 years old and more than 4 years old. No significant difference was found in patients with abnormal scan in responding to treatment and comparing fever after admission in patients with normal 99mTc-DMSA.Conclusions: The results indicate high prevalence of reflux in patients with acute pyelonephritis. Due to the high sensitivity of the scan to detect pyelonephritis and, Pyelonephritis.
Frequency of thyroid dysfunctions among Nigerian patients with vitiligo
Authors: P. Odum Ehimen , Amadi Collins
Published: February 2018

Background: Vitiligo is associated with varying degrees of thyroid dysfunctions. This study was aimed to evaluate the thyroid dysfunctions in patients with vitiligo in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, West Africa.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional analysis of thyroid function tests variables of 105 vitiligo patients who visited the Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 was conducted. Records of age, sex, thyroid stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine was collected and analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, descriptive, chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Pearson’s tests. A statistical significance of p <0.05 was applied.Results: Females predominated among study cohort (61.9% female versus 38.1% male; p = 0.015). Most patients were less than 30 years old in both sexes. 26.7% (37 out of 105) had various degrees of thyroid dysfunctions. Among this 26.7% (37) with various thyroid dysfunctions, are 28 (75%) females and 9 (25%) males. These dysfunctions include primary hypothyroidism (6.7%), primary hyperthyroidism (1%), subclinical hypothyroidism (17.1%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (1.9%), while the majority were euthyroid (73.3%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common disorder (n = 18; 17.2%) with female preponderance (females n = 11; 61% versus males n = 7; 39%).Conclusions: This study confirms high frequency of thyroid dysfunctions among vitiligo patients. The culture of regular assessment of thyroid function should be mandatory among patients with vitiligo.
Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Nigeria
Authors: Akubudike Alikor Chizindu , Emem-Chioma Pedro
Published: February 2018

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for one third of global deaths and is the leading contributor to global disease burden. A non-communicable disease survey done in Nigeria helped determine the prevalence of major CVD risk factors in the country and showed a rising trend in the prevalence. This study aims to determine the proportion of adults in a rural farming community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with clustering of the following CVD risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, ECG-LVH, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out in a rural farming community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Stratified sampling method was used to recruit study subjects aged 18 years and above and a total of 500 subjects completed the survey. Socio-demographic information, anthropometric, blood pressure and ECG measurements were obtained. Venous samples were collected and analyzed.Results: Five hundred subjects participated. There were 156 males and 344 females with male to female ratio of 1:2.3. The overall mean age was 41.32±17.0 with range of 18 years to 95 years. The mean age for males was 42.84±17.8 and females 40.62±16.6. Overall, 38.2%, of subjects had 2 or more risk factors. Additionally, 42.1% of males and 31.4% of females had ≥2 of these risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed higher clustering of risk factors with increasing age, male gender, Government staff and higher educational attainment.Conclusions: Clustering of CVD risk factors is high in this rural community of Nigeria and requires integrated approach to its prevention, detection and treatment.
Pattern of solid tumors of infancy and childhood among sample of patients attending tertiary teaching hospitals in Baghdad
Authors: Salih Rahmatullah Nihad , Hussein Muhammad Hanan , Abdulhassan Alwakeel Nazar
Published: February 2018

Background: Solid tumors are most common cause of death in the first fifteen years. In developed countries cancer is the leading cause of death from disease in children more than six month of age. The aim of this study was to assess: the relative frequency of the childhood tumor, the distribution of solid tumors of childhood in relation to age, sex of the patient, and histological types of the tumors over period (1992 -2015).Methods: Two thousand four hundreds and three cases of solid tumors of infancy and childhood has been studiedfor period from (1992-2015), 170 was a prospective cases where 2233 cases a retrospective. The study was carried out through histopathological examination of biopsies of patients attending major medical centres in Baghdad, Iraq.Results: Malignant neoplasms in descending order of frequency were, lymphoma (29.5%), central nervous system tumors (24.5%), soft tissue tumors (9.4%), Neuroblastoma (9.1%), wilms’ tumors, (7.4%), Bone tumors, (7.3%), Retinoblastoma (5.1%), Germ cell tumors, (3.5%), Liver tumors (0.2%), others (4.6). Males were more frequently affected with central nervous tumors (59.6%), Malignant lymphoma (69.5%), neuroblastoma (62%), Soft tissue tumors (60.3%), nephroblastoma (51.5%), retinoblastma (58.8%), liver tumor 81 and other miscellaneous tumors (59.6%) while females were more frequently effected with germ cell tumors 70.5% and bone tumors (53.9%). Central nervous system tumors reach a peak between (5-9) years whereas neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, retinoblastoma germ cell tumors, liver tumors reach a peak between (0-4) years and malignant lymphoma, bone tumors and other – Miscellaneous – tumors reach a peak between (10-15 )years. Non Hodgkins lymphoma were the predominating lymphoma (62%), astrocytoma formed the majority of central nervous system tumors (44.6%) While rhabdomyosarcoma was the commonest histologic subtype of soft tissue tumors (76%) Ewing’s sarcoma was the commonest type of bone tumors (56%).Conclusions: A steady increase in the incidence rate of childhood tumors is noticed with a change in pattern from malignant lymphoma to CNS. tumors in the study period. A diagnostically important relationship exists between a particular type of pediatric tumors with age, sex and site.
Health awareness, attitude and practices in male doctors
Authors: Nijhawan Dushyant M. , Upadhye Aditi Jayant , Upadhye Jayshree J.
Published: February 2018

Background: Studies of doctors’ health have emphasised psychological health. Limited data is available on their physical health status. Doctors very often fail to follow recent preventive health guidelines for their physical health. Here, we collected the information available about physical health of male doctors. We stress how important it is for all doctors to have screening and regular check up.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 male doctors of M.B.B.S. and higher degrees of various subjects. Selection of male doctors was done randomly.Results: In present study, out of 100 male doctors, 40 (40%) male doctors had normal BMI, 34 (34%) male doctors were overweight, 26 (26%) male doctors were obese while 0 (0%) male doctors were underweight. 89 (89%) had their own blood pressure check up, 88 (88%) had their own blood sugar checked, 85 (85%) had got their own lipid profile done while 85 (85%) male doctors had their electrocardiogram (ECG) done. 29 (29%) male doctors were diagnosed as hypertensive, 10 (10%) were diagnosed as diabetic, 7 (7%) had hyperlipidemia, 4 (4%) as having coronary artery disease, 1 (1%) were detected as collhaving Hodgekin’s Lymphoma.Conclusions: In spite of knowing about all diseases, their complications, screening methods and preventive care, practice of applying screening or preventive methods to themselves is not universal in doctors.
Role of Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy in evaluation of lingual and midline neck swellings
Authors: Bhatt Bhairavi Mohit , Pawar Shwetal Uday , Anand Anuja , Ghorpade Mangala Kedar , Shetye Suruchi Suresh
Published: February 2018

Background: The ectopic thyroid tissue in thyroglossal cyst or suprahyoid swelling is one of most important differential to be diagnosed. The purpose of this study was to find out role of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Thyroid Scintigraphy (TS) to detect functioning thyroid tissue in ectopic locations presenting as midline neck swelling.Methods: A retrospective observational study was done where 26 subjects presenting with midline neck swelling were included. These subjects were injected with 1-5MBq/kg of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate to perform the TS. The uptake of tracer in the midline neck swelling and in other ectopic location was assessed. The comparison with Ultrasound (USG) was also done.Results: 12 (46.15%) subjects presented with infra hyoid swelling and rest 14 (53.85%) presented with supra hyoid and submental swelling. 33.3% subjects presenting with thyroglossal duct cyst showed functioning thyroid tissue. Also 4 subjects showed dual functioning ectopic tissue. USG an TS showed concordant results for detecting thyroid tissue in ectopic location (p=0.68). However, TS performed better to detect ectopically located thyroid tissue (p=0.0086).Conclusions: USG and TS showed similar results to detect thyroid tissue in normal location. However, TS is better to detect topically located thyroid tissue. TS adds information of functioning thyroid tissue during workup of midline neck swelling.
Weight awareness among medical students
Authors: Nijhawan Dushyant M. , Upadhye Aditi J. , Upadhye Jayshree J.
Published: February 2018

Background: Overweight and obesity is a global issue. It needs to be tackled at adolescent and young age. Aim of our study was to evaluate weight awareness, prevalence of overweight and obesity in medical students.Methods: 200 medical students of 18-20 years were included in this cross-sectional study.Results: Out of 100 girls, 51 (51%) girls had normal BMI, 19 (19%) were overweight, 17 (17%) girls were obese while 13 (13%) girls were underweight. Out of 100 boys, 66 (66%) boys were having normal weight, 16 (16%) boys were underweight, 14 (14%) boys were overweight and 4 (4%) boys were obese. Sixty-one (61%) girls were doing exercise >3 times in a week while 39 (39%) girls were doing exercise <3 times in a week. Out of 100 boys, 44 (44%) boys were doing exercise <3 times in a week while 56 (56%) boys were doing exercise >3 times in a week.Conclusions: Issue of overweight and obesity needs to be focused more.
Variation of blood pressure between two arms among the young people of Guwahati, Assam, India
Authors: Das Indrani , Bora Bonti , Sarkar Raj , Bhuyan Kaustuv Jyoti
Published: February 2018

Background: Aim and objective of the study was to determine whether a difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading exists in between arms. To establish the mean and normal range of difference in simultaneous systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements between the right and left arm. It is unclear to what extent inter-arm blood pressure (BP) differences may be present in younger people so that they can take precaution in relation with age.Methods: 51 male and 51 female subjects were selected randomly in age group of 18 -20 yrs. A normal mercury sphygmomanometer was used employing Korotkoff I and V. 3 readings were taken sequentially for each arm using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer with the subject sitting after resting for 10 min.Results: Mean ± SD inter-arm differences in Systolic blood pressure were 4.784 ± 6.338 mmHg in males and 2.314 ± 5.159 mmHg in females while Diastolic blood pressure were 3.451 ± 5.471 mmHg in males and 1.059 ± 5.112 mmHg in females.Conclusions: The frequency of significant inter-arm systolic and diastolic blood pressure differences suggests that the blood pressure should be taken in both arms at the initial consultation. At subsequent visits, the arm in which measurements are taken should be recorded in the case notes. The higher of the two readings should be used to guide further management decisions. The accurate assessment of blood pressure (BP) is vital for the correct diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
Functional status and CD4 count of patients living with HIV AIDS attending ART centre at tertiary care hospital of central India
Authors: Rajan Lilare Rushali , Wasudeorao Narlawar Uday , Mirdude Ganpat
Published: February 2018

Background: The present study was retrospective record based, conducted with the aim of assessing the functional status and CD4 count of patients living with HIV/AIDS attending the ART Centre in special reference to gender difference at tertiary care hospital of central India.Methods: Study subjects were people living with HIV/AIDS registered at ART centre at tertiary care hospital of central India in the past three years (1 Jan. 2011 to 31 Dec. 2013). The study duration was from September 2013 to January 2015. This study was conducted on 2042 PLHIV subjects whose records were available for study.Results: In our study there were 58.37% males, 42.4% female and 0.15% transgender. Majority of male 42.45% were between 35-44 years of age group whereas 36.95% females were between 25-34years of age group. Majority of males 22.16% were non agricultural labourer whereas females 78.32% were homemaker. Majority of males 37.41% were in the WHO clinical stage 3 whereas majority of females 36.70% were in stage 1 at the start of ART treatment. About 84.30% females and 76.9% male were working at the start of ART. Majority of males 31.12% and 38.79% had CD4 count between 51-150 at the time of ART registration and at the time of ART treatment respectively. Majority of males 42.62% and 29.34% had CD4 count >350 and between151-250 respectively. About 16.53 % males and 8.97% female were died at the time of data collection.Conclusions: In the study there were male preponderance with 75.26% males and 57.39% females were having CD4 count less than350/cumm at the time of registration respectively. Majority of our study subjects were working at the time of start of ART. The deaths among males were significantly more as compared to females.
Level of satisfaction of patients attending out-patient department of radiotherapy department of a tertiary hospital in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Panda Prem S. , K. Sinha Ashish , P. Soni Gopal
Published: February 2018

Background: Like any service organization, the main aim of the Health Service organization is creation of satisfaction among their service consumers. Patient satisfaction has been defined as the degree of congruency between a patient’s expectations of ideal case versus his perception of real care he or she receives. Mismatch between patient’s expectation of the service received is related to decreased satisfaction. Therefore, assessing patient perspective gives them a voice, which can make public health services more responsive to people’s needs and expectations.Methods: The study used IN-PATSAT32 questionnaire developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) with a few modifications to suit all the patients (in or out-patients). Sample size:200 patients.Results: Out of total patients assessed, 41.5% of patients were highly satisfied(excellent), 56% of patients were satisfied with the services provided by the radiotherapy department at Dr. B. R. A. M. hospital, Raipur and only 5% of patients rated the services as “poor” i.e. we’re not satisfied.Conclusions: The findings of the study will help us educate the prescribers about the various neglected areas of the consultation which will go a long way to develop a consistent relationship between the providers and the beneficiaries for the attainment of the “Health for all.
Comparison of outcome in lumbar spine instability treated surgically with pedicle screw fixation with or without interbody fusion device (cage)
Authors: Kumar Mishra Sandeep , Haresh Gori Kushal , C. E. Deepak
Published: February 2018

Background: Lumbar spinal fusion was introduced approximately 70 years ago and has evolved as a treatment option for symptomatic spinal instability, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and degenerative scoliosis. Broader applications including use as a treatment of chronic low back pain and recurrent radiculopathy have resulted in a dramatic increase in the rates of lumbar fusion procedures within the last decade.Methods: A retrospective and prospective study to be carried out for 40 patients who were assigned in the following groups: Group 1 (n=20) consisted of patients who underwent lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw and bone graft, and Group 2 (n=20) consisted of patients treated by lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw and interbody cage.Results: Most of patients with lumbar spine instability were in 4th and 5th decade of life with average age of 46.75 yrs and female predominance with 26 (65%) cases.65% of Instability was found due to Spondylolisthesis. PLIF with Cage showed better scores than BG in terms of ODI, VAS, SF-36, Benzel’s modified Japanese scores at end of 1 year, which is statistically not significant.Conclusions: Lumbar spine instability is more common in 4th and 5th decade of life with female predominance, commonest level of instability being L4-L5 and commonest mode was Spondylolisthesis. PLIF with Cage is associated with greater operative time and lesser blood loss. Patients with PLIF + Cage had better neurological improvement, pain reduction, reduced disability, generalised well-being and satisfaction as evident by Modified Benzel’s Japanese scales, VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores respectively, which is statistically not significant. Addition of an interbody fusion device (Cage) helps in greater stability, lower implant failure, higher fusion rate and better functional outcome in patient treated with PLIF for lumbar spine instability.
Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine in two different doses to attenuate the hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Ahamad Masoori Tahir , Gupta Kumkum , Agarwal Salony , Bansal Manoranjan , Zuberi Azka , Samad Abdul
Published: February 2018

Background: Laryngoscopy and laparoscopy lead to predictable hemodynamic changes. Dexmedetomidine is selective 2 agonist with dose dependent sedation, sympatholysis and analgesia, hence could provide stable hemodynamics during laparoscopic surgeries. The present study was aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine infusion in two different doses to attenuate the hemodynamic variations during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Total 60 adult patients of ASA physical status I and II of both gender, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 patients. All patients were infused with loading dose of dexmedetomidine (1µg/kg) before induction. Patients of Group 1 received maintenance infusion of dexmedetomidine in doses of 0.3µg/kg/h and patients of Group 2 received maintenance infusion of dexmedetomidine in doses of 0.6µg/kg/h, continued till the end of surgery. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded preoperatively, after dexmedetomidine administration, after induction, intubation, after creation of pneumoperitoneum and postoperatively. Intraoperative changes in heart rate and blood pressure were noted as primary variables and dexmedetomidine related side effects were noted as secondary outcomes, for statistical analysis.Results: The hemodynamic responses were attenuated in patients of both groups after laryngoscopy, intubation and creation of pneumoperitoneum but patients of Group 2 (0.6µg/kg/h) showed more stability in hemodynamics. The difference between the group was statistically significant (p value=0.001). No any evident complication or side effects occurred.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine infusion was effective for attenuating the hemodynamic changes due to laryngoscopy and laparoscopy but were better with maintenance infusion of dexmedetomidine in dose of 0.6µg/kg/h.