bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1-Mediated Autophagy in Human Granulosa Cells as an Alternative of Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Duerrschmidt Nicole , Zabirnyk Olga , Nowicki Marcin , Ricken Albert , Hmeidan Fayez A. , Blumenauer Verona , Borlak Jürgen , Spanel-Borowski Katharina
Published: May 2006

The LOX-1 receptor, identified on endothelial cells, mediates the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The oxLDL-dependent LOX-1 activation causes endothelial cell apoptosis. We here investigated the presence of LOX-1 in granulosa cells from patients under in vitro fertilization therapy. We were interested in the oxLDL-dependent LOX-1 receptor biology, in particular in the induction of apoptosis. In the human ovary, LOX-1 was localized in regressing antral follicles. In granulosa cell cultures, oxLDL-induced mRNA expression of LOX-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The LOX-1 inhibitors (anti-LOX-1 antibody and κ-carrageenan) abrogated the up-regulation of LOX-1. The oxLDL (100 μg/ml) treatment caused the autophagy form of programmed cell death: 1) reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the 6-h time point; 2) uptake of YO-PRO, a marker for the early step of programmed cell death, before propidium iodide staining to signify necrosis; 3) absence of apoptotic bodies and cleaved caspase-3; 4) abundant vacuole formation at the ultrastructural level; and 5) decrease of the autophagosome marker protein MAP LC3-I at the 6-h time point indicative of autophagosome formation. We conclude that follicular atresia is not under the exclusive control of apoptosis. The LOX-1-dependent autophagy represents an alternate form of programmed cell death. Obese women with high blood levels of oxLDL may display an increased rate of autophagic granulosa cell death.
Intercalation of n-Alkylamines in Proton-Type Layered Titanium(IV) Oxide
Authors: Suzuki Noriko , Hayashi Naomi , Honda Chikako , Endo Kazutoyo , Kanzaki Yasushi
Published: May 2006

Intercalation of proton-type layered titanium(IV) oxides, H2Ti5O11·xH2O (H-TiO2(A)) and H0.7Ti1.825O4·xH2O (H-TiO2(B)), with n-alkylamines were examined for carbon numbers nc = 3–18 in a benzene solution. The amount of intercalated n-alkylamines was about 1 mol per 1 mol of H-TiO2(A) and well-defined X-ray diffraction patterns were observed for nc = 4–14, reflecting the formation of a n-alkylamine bilayer between the layered lamellae. The alkyl chain in the bilayer was found to incline 66° against the basal plane. For nc = 3, a fluffy suspended colloid appeared in the reactant solution and the amount of intercalated amines was about 2 mol per 1 mol of H-TiO2(A), and weak X-ray diffraction peaks suggested the exfoliation and formation of the monolayer or several multilayer sheet of H-TiO2(A). The size of the exfoliated colloid particles was examined using dynamic light scattering photometry. The scatter angle dependence suggested the shape of the colloid particles was a thin lamella and the average radius was estimated to be about 80 and 210 nm for propylamine and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide intercalation compounds prepared in aqueous solution, respectively. The shape of the colloid particles was rather isotropic and the radius was about 1.0 μm for a propylamine intercalation compound prepared in a benzene solution. The result of dynamic light scattering seems consistent with the exfoliation and following coagulation of layered lamellae of H-TiO2(A).
Elucidation of Concentrated Salt Effects on the Solvolysis Reactions of Typical SN1 and SN2 Substrates in Sulfolane–Water Mixed Solvent
Authors: Hojo Masashi , Ueda Tadaharu , Ueno Eriko , Hamasaki Tensei , Fujimura Daigo
Published: May 2006

In a 50 vol % sulfolane–H2O mixed solvent, extensive studies have been carried out of the concentrated salt effects on the solvolysis reaction rates of aliphatic halides and related compounds (RX). In the solvent system, the “pseudo” first-order rate constants (k/s−1) of typical SN1 substrates, 1-adamantyl chloride and bromide, or 2-adamantyl bromide, were increased exponentially by the addition of MClO4 (M = Li and Na) and M(ClO4)2 (M = Mg and Ba); the extent of the cation effects increased as Na+ < Li+ < Mg2+ ≈ Ba2+, which was attributed to the “chemical” interaction between the metal ions and the leaving-group anions in the “aqueous” solution modified by the mixed-organic solvents and concentrated salts. Based on the Raman spectra, we discuss the distortion of the bulk water structure and the alteration of properties of water into those of a “non-aqueous” solvent with the addition of the organic solvents and concentrated salts (LiClO4 and Et4NBr) as well as with increasing temperature. However, the addition of non-metallic salts, i.e., Et4NX (X− = ClO4−, Cl−, Br−, and tosylate), caused decreases in the rates substantially, regardless of the leaving group (Cl or Br): the deceleration effects increasing as ClO4− < Br− < Cl− < TsO−. The deceleration in the solvolysis rates with Et4NX and R4NBr (R = Pr and n-Bu) should be caused by mainly the further decrease in water activity of the solvents. In addition, we would like to report solvolyses accompanied by “ion exchange” reactions for the typical SN2 substrates, hexyl chloride, bromide, and tosylate, in the sulfolane–H2O solvent.
From the Particular Reactivity of 8-Iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine towards Copper- and Palladium-Catalyzed Aminations
Authors: Kazock Jean-Yves , Théry Isabelle , Chezal Jean-Michel , Chavignon Olivier , Teulade Jean-Claude , Gueiffier Alain , Enguehard-Gueiffier Cécile
Published: May 2006

The reactivity of 8-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine towards copper- and palladium-catalyzed aminations is reported. The copper-based methodology led to the attempted coupling products in only poor yields due to difficult purifications. On the contrary, good coupling yields were obtained using palladium-catalyzed amination protocols. The superiority of Pd2dba3 was demonstrated over Pd(OAc)2.
Stereospecific C–S Bond Formation from Chiral Tertiary Alcohols by Quinone-Mediated Oxidation–Reduction Condensation Using Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites and Its Application to the Synthesis of a Chiral Tertiary Thiol
Authors: Ikegai Kazuhiro , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: May 2006

Oxidation–reduction condensation between 2-sulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole (Btz-SH) and the alkyl diphenylphosphinites 1, prepared from tertiary alcohols, proceeded smoothly in the presence of 2,6-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) and the corresponding S-alkylated products 2 were afforded in good yields. The stereo-inverted chiral Btz sulfides 2 were also produced stereospecifically by this condensation that used 1 derived from chiral tertiary alcohols. Subsequent removal of the Btz groups of 2 with t-BuLi or LiAlH4 provided a new synthetic route to chiral tertiary thiols and the structurally-related dialkyl sulfides.
Microwave-Assisted Reduction of Acetophenones Using Ni–Al Alloy in Water
Authors: Miyazawa Akira , Tashiro Masashi , Prakash G K Surya , Olah George A
Published: May 2006

The reduction of acetophenones using a Ni–Al alloy catalyst in water (H2O and D2O) under microwave irradiation proceeded to give the corresponding (deuterated) alkylbenzenes in good yields.
Substituent Effect of 2,3-Dicyanopyrazine Dyes on Solid-State Fluorescence
Authors: Horiguchi Emi , Matsumoto Shinya , Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki
Published: May 2006

Some pyrazine dyes based on the same chromophoric system with different steric nature were synthesized to evaluate the correlation between solid-state fluorescence and molecular arrangement. It was confirmed that the solid-state fluorescence is significantly correlated with the prevention of complete stacking between chromophoric systems in the crystalline state. This result suggests that the introduction of bulky substituents to fluorescent dyes should be made on substantial positions for preventing the complete stacking between the chromophoric systems on the basis of the crystal structure.
Fluorescence Quenching of Europium(III) by the Interaction with Copper(II) or Nickel(II) Complex of N,N′-Disalicylidene-1,3-propanediamine
Authors: Sakamoto Masatomi , Hashimura Masayuki , Matsuki Kimihiro , Matsumoto Akira , Okawa Hisashi
Published: May 2006

Effect of the co-existence of the titled copper(II) or nickel(II) complex upon the fluorescence of europium(II) has been investigated in methanol. Intensities of the fluorescent bands at 580, 593, 618, 687, and 696 nm are significantly quenched by the addition of the copper(II) or nickel(II) complex but not by a simple metal salt, copper(II) nitrate trihydrate or nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate.
Chiral Bis(1,10-phenanthroline) with Tröger’s Base Skeleton. Synthesis and Interaction with DNA
Authors: Yashima Eiji , Akashi Mitsuru , Miyauchi Noriyuki
Published: May 2006

Chiral bis(1,10-phenanthroline) with Tröger’s base skeleton (1) was synthesized from 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline with formaldehyde and HCl. Racemic 1 could interact with DNA from CD spectroscopy and could cleave DNA when it was complexed with copper(I).
Formation of Racemic Solid Solutions and the Solubility Isotherms of [Co(DL-leucinato)(NH3)4]X2 (X = Br and I)
Authors: Fuyuhiro Akira , Hibino Kenji , Yamanari Kazuaki
Published: May 2006

The ternary solubility phase diagrams, [Co(L-leu)(NH3)4]X2–[Co(D-leu)(NH3)4]X2–H2O (leu = leucinate(1−); X = Br and I) were determined at 25 °C. Only one isotherm is obtained in each system and the D:L ratios of the solid phases are variable over entire region from D:L = 100:0 to 0:100. This means that the solid solutions of the enantiomers form in both systems. These phase diagrams are the first examples of solid solutions of metal complexes containing natural amino acids.
Well Defined Organic Surfaces Flat at the Molecular Level. Control of Surface Chemical Groups by Bipolar Surfactant Monolayers on Step-Free Mica Surfaces
Authors: Hato Masakatsu , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Okamoto Kaoru
Published: May 2006

A new method for preparing well defined organic surfaces flat at the molecular level has been presented. This allows precise control of the composition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the surfaces.
First Mononuclear Bis(sulphide) Molybdenum(IV) Complex of Crown Thioether trans-Mo(S)2(syn-Me8[16]aneS4)
Authors: Yoshida Toshikatsu , Adachi Tomohiro , Matsumura Kazuhiko , Kawazu Kenji , Baba Katsumi
Published: May 2006

Reaction of trans-Mo(N2)2(syn-Me8[16]aneS4) with S8 gave trans-Mo(S)2(syn-Me8[16]aneS4) (1), which was also obtained by treating the N2 complex with t-BuSH through the C–S bond cleavage. The novel mononuclear structure of 1 was elucidated by an X-ray analysis.
Synthesis and Properties of Optically Active α-Alkyl-γ-aryloxymethyl-γ-lactones as Chiral Dopants for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Shiomi Yutaka , Kitamura Tohru , Takehira Yoshikazu , Koden Mitsuhiro , Kuratate Tomoaki , Nakagawa Kenichi
Published: May 2006

Optically active α-alkyl-γ-aryloxymethyl-γ-lactones were synthesized from chiral epichlorohydrin in short steps and found to be superior chiral dopants for ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs).
A New Wet-proof Technique of Gas-diffusion Electrodes
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Shimura Chiyoka , Tsurumi Kazunori , Hara Noriaki
Published: May 2006

The development of an electrode having a completely wet-proofed gas-permeable network was achieved by the introduction of carbon support covered with a thin hydrophobic film of directly fluorinated polyethylene. Its promising property as a long life electrode was demonstrated and the electrode structure was proposed.
An Efficient Synthesis of Quinone Derivatives of Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and Thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2′,3′-d]thiophene and Their Spectral Properties
Authors: Mazaki Yasuhiro , Takiguchi Naoyoshi , Kobayashi Keiji
Published: May 2006

The quinones of the condensed thiophenes were prepared in good yields by use of an elimination reaction of di-tert-butoxy derivatives. The redox and UV-spectral properties of these compounds are demonstrated.
Synthesis and Photochromic Behavior of 5-Substituted Indolylfulgides
Authors: Yokoyama Yasushi , Tanaka Tatsuo , Yamane Takeshi , Kurita Yukio
Published: May 2006

1,2-Dimethylindolylfulgides with 5-methylthio, 5-methoxy, or 5-dimethylamino group on the indole ring were synthesized and their photochromic properties were examined. Electron donating substituents lengthened the absorption maximum of the colored form and decreased the quantum yields of the photoreactions. The colored form of the dimethylaminoindolyl-substituted fulgide has λmax at 673 nm, the longest absorption maximum wavelength ever known as that of a fulgide.
A Convenient Determination of Surface Hydroxyl Group on Silica Gel by FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshinaga Kohji , Rikitake Masaru , Kito Taketoshi , Yamamoto Yukiko , Eguchi Hiroshi , Komatsu Michio
Published: May 2006

The dimethylsilyl(–Si(CH3)2H) substitution of hydroxyl hydrogen led to a convenient determination of surface silanol group on silica gels by Si-H bond stretching vibrational absorption analysis. The proposed procedure can be freed from influences of adsorbed water and moisture through the measurement process.
Structure Revision of Wittmann’s Trimeric Condensate from Phenylmalonyl Dichloride. 5H-3,5,7-Triphenylfuro[3,2-b]pyran-2,6-dione from 4-Hydroxy-3,6,7-triphenyl-p-tropoquinone
Authors: Mori Akira , Nishiyama Nobuaki , Kodama Masahiro , Takeshita Hitoshi
Published: May 2006

The structure of saponified product of Wittmann’s trimeric condensates of phenylmalonyl dichloride is revised from 4-hydroxy-3,6,7-triphenyl-p-tropoquinone to 5H-3,5,7-triphenylfuro[3,2-b]pyran-2,6-dione based on the chemical and X-ray crystallographic results.
Generation of β-Keto Radicals from Cyclopropanol Derivatives by the Use of Manganese(III) 2-Pyridinecarboxylate as an Oxidant and Their Reactions with Olefins
Authors: Iwasawa Nobuharu , Hayakawa Satoshi , Isobe Koichi , Narasaka Koichi
Published: May 2006

Various β-keto radicals are generated from cyclopropanol derivatives such as 1- or 2-substituted cyclopropanols and a cyclopropanone hemiacetal by the use of manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate, and their reactions with electron-rich olefins give cross-addition products in good yields.
Tetrathio-Derivatives of p-Quinodimethanes Fused with 1,2,5-Thiadiazoles. A Novel Type of Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yamashita Yoshiro , Tanaka Shoji , Imaeda Kenichi , Inokuchi Hiroo
Published: May 2006

Bis[1,2,5]thiadiazolo-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole) (BTQBT) was prepared by a Wittig–Horner reaction of 2-dimethylphosphono-1,3-dithiole with the corresponding dione. BTQBT is a red-violet crystal with a high melting point and the conductivity is unusually high (10−3 S cm−1) as a single component. The X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecule is completely planar and forms a sheet-like network by short S–S contacts.
Synthesis of Optically Pure 4-Hydroxymethyloxazolidinone as Chiral Serinol Synthon from Glycidol
Authors: Katsumura Shigeo , Kondo Akihiro , Han Qingjun
Published: May 2006

Optically pure 3-benzyl-4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 4-benzoyloxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone as chiral serinol synthons were synthesized from optically active glycidol by intramolecular cyclization via 2,3-epoxycarbamates with strict SN2 behavior.
Monte Carlo Simulated Annealing Prediction for α-Helix Propensity of Amino Acid Homopolymers
Authors: Fukugita Masataka , Nakazawa Takashi , Kawai Hikaru , Okamoto Yuko
Published: May 2006

Monte Carlo simulated annealing calculation is carried out for various homopolymers of amino acid with 5–15 residues. Conspicuous α-helix propensity is found for poly-L-Met and poly-L-Lys. We also found that α-helices are hardly formed in poly-Gly and poly-L-Tyr. This α-helix propensity observed in the simulation is in excellent agreement with the empirical rule derived from synthetic homopolymers and from statistical analyses of peptide data bases.
Effect of Surface Treatment with CHClF2 on Catalytic Behavior of SiO2–Al2O3 and Al2O3
Authors: Kurosaki Akito , Okazaki Susumu
Published: May 2006

CHClF2 has been found to be effective as a surface treatment agent of SiO2–Al2O3 and Al2O3, as well as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CCl2F2 and CClF3, to enhance its catalytic activity and/or activity maintenance for the alkylation of benzene with propene. The CHClF2-treatment may be performed at temperatures considerably lower than those required for CFC-treatments.
Bromine Addition to Rotameric 1-(9-Fluorenyl)-2-(1-methylvinyl)naphthalene. Fate of Intermediate Cations Produced by Bromine Cation Attack
Authors: Oki Michinori , Shionoiri Katsumi , Otake Katsumasa , Ono Masaru , Toyota Shinji
Published: May 2006

Treatment of the rotamers of the title compound with bromine afforded a normal addition compound in the case of ap, whereas the sp rotamer did bromo-olefins and a cyclic compound only. The results are discussed on the basis of the steric effects and π-participation of the fluorene ring in the case of sp that is not possible in the case of ap. Cation was produced from the bromine adduct of the sp form and the fate of the cation is disucssed by comparing with that of the ap.
Oxidative Addition of Chlorobenzene on an Iron-Cyclopentadienyl Cation to a Low-Valent Palladium Complex
Authors: Aoki Takanori , Ishii Youichi , Mizobe Yasushi , Hidai Masanobu
Published: May 2006

The oxidative addition of the coordinated chlorobenzene in [CpFe(C6H5Cl)][PF6] to Pd(PPh3)4 proceeds under THF-reflux conditions to give [CpFe{η6-[PdCl(PPh3)2]C6H5}][PF6]. X-Ray analysis of this complex revealed that the phenyl ring is σ-bound to Pd and π-bound to Fe, and that the palladium center takes the cis-configuration. This complex reacts with CO / MeOH, CO / HNEt2, styrene, and methyl acrylate to give methyl benzoate, N,N-diethylbenzamide, stilbene, and methyl cinnamate, respectively, after photolysis.
Rapid Self-Polycondensation of Amphiphilic Amino Acid Esters in Ordered Molecular Assemblies. An Morphological Evidence for Lateral Growth of Polypeptide at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Miyasaka Tsutomu , Nishikawa Naoyuki , Hashimoto Kiyokazu , Ono Mitsunori
Published: May 2006

Monolayer-forming amphiphiles of amino acid esters, phenyl and 1,1-dichloroethyl esters of 2-aminoeicosanoic acid, underwent self-condensation to polypeptides in ordered monolayers with their reaction rates much higher than in non-ordered media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed rapid progress of lateral polymerization at the air–water interface.
Trans Effect on the Rates of Rotation of the Axially Coordinated Imidazoles in Low Spin Iron(III) Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Nakamura Mikio , Nakamura Nobuo
Published: May 2006

Rates of rotation of 2-methylimidazole, as studied by DNMR method, showed a drastic increase when the 6th ligand L′ in the porphyrin complex [(R-TPP)Fe(2-MeIm)(L′)]+Cl−was replaced by the less hindered ligands. The result was ascribed to the steric interactions between the 6th ligand and the ferric porphyrin part.
Fragmentation of Benzyl Esters with an Electron-Withdrawing Group by Photo-Induced Electron Transfer. Analogy with Fragmentation in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ohashi Mamoru , Otani Shinju , Kyushin Soichiro
Published: May 2006

The analogy between negative secondary ion mass spectrometry and photo-induced electron transfer reactions has been seen in the fragmentation of radical anions of esters. The photochemical reaction may provide a new method of the protection of carboxylic acids.
The Effects of Diamine Skeleton and Its Substituents on Mesogenicity of Polyamides
Authors: Moriya Keiichi , Minagawa Tohru , Yano Shinichi
Published: May 2006

In the series of p-phenylene derivatives the monotropic nematic state was observed in poly(B-ODDA), poly(DMB-ODDA) and poly(CB-ODDA). No mesomorphic state was observed in poly(DCB-ODDA). The nematic state was observed in the series of diphenylmethane derivatives and the bulky alkyl substituent in the ortho position of the diphenylmethane heightens mesogenicity of the series of polyamides.
Methylene Bis(diisobutyldithiocarbamate) Neutral Carrier as Lead Sensing Material
Authors: Kamata Satsuo , Onoyama Kazuhiro
Published: May 2006

The sensitive and selective electrodes for lead(II) ion were developed by using the membrane based on methylene bis(diisobutyldithiocarbamate). The membrane electrode exhibited good response for Nernstian slope(28 mV/decade), linearity range(10−2–10−6 M) and selectivity factor of different metal ions, except for copper(II) ion.
Hydroxy Acid-Aided Synthesis of Perovskite-Type Oxides of Cobalt and Manganese
Authors: Teraoka Yasutake , Kakebayashi Hirofumi , Moriguchi Isamu , Kagawa Shuichi
Published: May 2006

The hydroxy acid-aided process using citric or malic acid produced a perovskite phase at relatively low calcination temperatures. The adjustment of the starting solution to an appropriate pH value in the malic acid-aided process resulted in reducing the temperature for the formation of single-phase perovskite-type oxides and in producing large surface-area oxides.
Palladium-Catalyzed Germylation of Organic Halides with a Digermane. Unexpected Formation of Germylene-Insertion Type Products
Authors: Reddy N Prabhakar , Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato
Published: May 2006

Organic halides (RX) underwent dehalogenative germylation and germylene insertion type reactions with ClMe2GeGeMe2Cl in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst to give RGeMe2Cl and RGeMe2X respectively.
Molecular Recognition of Barbiturates by Diaminotriazine Functionalized Monolayers
Authors: Honda Yoshihiro , Kurihara Kazue , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: May 2006

Diaminotriazine functionalized amphiphiles were synthesized to form stable monolayers at the air-water interface. Combined examination of FT-IR, ESCA, and reflection absorption spectroscopies confirmed specific binding of barbituric acid and thiobarbituric acid to the monolayer, due to hydrogen bonding between the diaminotriazine head of amphiphiles and the imide moiety of barbiturates.
Reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ with Cobalt and Mercury. Syntheses and X-Ray Structures of Double Cubane-Type Cluster, [(H2O)9Mo3S4CoCoS4Mo3(H2O)9](CH3·C6H4·SO3)8·18H2O and Sandwich Cubane-Type Cluster, [(H2O)9Mo3S4HgS4Mo3(H2O)9](CH3·C6H4·SO3)8·2OH2O
Authors: Shibahara Takashi , Akashi Haruo , Yamasaki Mikio , Hashimoto Kohichi
Published: May 2006

Two new clusters, [(H2O)9Mo3S4CoCoS4Mo3(H2O)9](CH3·C6H4·SO3)8·18H2O (1) and [(H2O)9Mo3S4HgS4Mo3(H2O)9](CH3·C6H4·SO3)8·20H2O (2), have been synthesized by the reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ (3′) with metallic cobalt and mercury, respectively. The X-ray structure analyses revealed that in 1 two Mo3S4Co(H2O)9 moieties are joined through two cobalt-sulfur bonds, and in 2 a mercury atom was sandwiched by two 3′ s.
Biologically Active Novel Clerodane-type Diterpene Glycosides from the Root-stalks of Gleichenia japonica
Authors: Siddiqui Hamid L , Munesada Kiyotaka , Suga Takayuki
Published: May 2006

Two glycosides of a novel clerodane-type diterpene alcohol were isolated from the root-stalks of Gleichenia japonica (a fern; Urajiro in Japanese). Their structures were determined to be α-vinyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-α,1,2,4a,5-pentamethyl-1-naphthalenepropanol 4-O-β-glucopyranoside and α-vinyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-α,1,2,4a,5-pentamethyl-1-naphthalenepropanol 4-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranoside, respectively, by physicochemical methods. The former glycoside inhibited the growth of lettuce, while the latter one accelerated the growth.
New Approach to Chiral Conductive Materials. A Polymer Composite from Polypyrrole and an Optically Active Polyamide
Authors: Kato Takashi , Gondaira Masayuki , Amemiya Takashi , Fujishima Akira
Published: May 2006

A new conductive polymer composite retaining an asymmetric structure in the solid state has been prepared by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of a chiral aromatic polyamide containing a sulfonic acid group. The composite exhibits conductivity of 0.5 S/cm.
Optical Humidity Sensor Using Nafion-Dye Composite Thin Films
Authors: Sadaoka Yoshihiko , Matsuguchi Masanobu , Sakai Yoshiro , Murata Yu-uki
Published: May 2006

By using NafionR film with crystal violet or pink FGHR, the optical humidity sensor has been fabricated. In the reflection mode, the optical intensity of the peak at 630 nm for crystal violet and at 540 nm for pink FGH decreases with relative humidity. The raising and recovery times are less than 1 min.
Microbial Transformation of sec-Hydroxyl Group of Polyols into Carbonyl Derivatives by Specific Oxidation Using Methanol Yeast
Authors: Matsumura Shuichi , Kawamori Tomoko , Yoshikawa Sadao
Published: May 2006

sec-Hydroxyl group of polyol was oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl derivative using methanol yeast, Candida boidinii KK912. Thus 1,2,4-butanetriol was oxidized for 2 days to give 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone in 78.1% yield. The microbial oxidation for analogous polyols was also discussed.
Asymmetric Hydrocyanation of 3-Phenoxybenzaldehyde Catalyzed by Poly(cinchona alkaloid-co-acrylonitrile)s
Authors: Danda Hidenori , Chino Kunitake , Wake Shigeo
Published: May 2006

Asymmetric addition of hydrogen cyanide to 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde catalyzed by poly(quinidine-co-acrylonitrile) affords (S)-2-hydroxy-2-(3′-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile in a moderate optical yield.
Highly Diastereoselective 1,4-Addition of Amines to Chiral α,β-Unsaturated δ-Lactone
Authors: Yoda Hidemi , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Kawasaki Tomoyasu , Katagiri Takao , Takabe Kunihiko , Kimata Kazuhiro , Hosoya Ken
Published: May 2006

Michael addition of amines to (S)-γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone was accomplished in extremely high diastereoselectivity with the ring-opening reactions and was disclosed to furnish (3R,4S)-diamino-hydroxyamides in high yields.
Potential-Time Profiles in the Initially Homogeneous Unstirred Belousov–Zhabotinskii Reaction with 2,3-Pentanedione
Authors: Tsukada Masao , Inamoto Naoki
Published: May 2006

Heterogeneities for concentration in the titled reaction have been studied using both platinum macro- and microelectrodes, and bromide ion selective macroelectrode.
Preparation of Highly Active Palladium Catalyst Supported on Silica by Ion Exchange Method
Authors: Fujitani Tadahiro , Echigoya Etsuro
Published: May 2006

Palladium catalyst supported on silica prepared by an ion exchange method using a low concentration of ammonia solution of PdCl2 exhibited high and stable activity in the hydrogenation of benzene. It was found that the activity and stability of the catalyst were strongly dependent on concentration of ammonia of the ion exchange solution.
Heterocyclic Betaines. Methylenepyridinium and Methyleneimidazolium Azolate Inner Salts. Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Alcalde Ermitas , Pérez Luisa , Fayet Jean Pierre , Vertut Marie Claire
Published: May 2006

A convenient synthesis of the hitherto unknown methylenepyridinium and methyleneimidazolium azolate inner salts is reported. Their structural characterization on the basis of the spectroscopic 1H and 13C NMR data and experimental dipole moments in the range of 12.34 to 15.34 Debye is discussed.
Radical Substitution on the Sulfur of Thioester Group. A Substituent Effect on the Reactivity of Thioesters to Methyl Radical
Authors: Tada Masaru , Hirokawa Toshiyuki , Tohma Tsutomu
Published: May 2006

Methyl radical reacts with thioesters (–S–CO–) to give methyl sulfide (CH3–S–), substitution products on sulfur. The mechanism is proposed in which the methyl radical attacks the sulfur in an nucleophilic manner in the rate determining step to give a sulfuranyl radical intermediate.
Diastereoselective Allylation of ω-Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds by Allylic Alcohols with Pd–SnCl2
Authors: Takahara Jun P , Masuyama Yoshiro , Kurusu Yasuhiko
Published: May 2006

Allylation of ω-hydroxy carbonyl compounds by allylic alcohols with Pd–SnCl2 proceeded smoothly in neutral polar medium with high regio- and diastereocontrol via chelated bicyclic transition state.
Formation and X-Ray Crystal Structure of Charge-Transfer Complexes of Silacyclopentadiene Derivatives with Quinones
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Ohkura Yoshiyuki , Nakadaira Yasuhiro , Ohashi Mamoru , Yasui Masanori , Matsui Masaru , Iwasaki Fujiko
Published: May 2006

Silacyclopentadiene derivatives form charge-transfer complexes with various quinones which have been characterized by spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic determination.
Approach to De-NOx-ing Photocatalysis. Photocatalytic Decomposition of NO on Cu+/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared via Ion-exchange Method
Authors: Anpo Masakazu , Nomura Takaiki , Kitao Teijiro , Giamello Elio , Che Michel , Fox Marye Anne
Published: May 2006

Cu2+ ions supported onto SiO2 (Cu2+/SiO2) prepared by an ion-exchange method are reduced to Cu+ ions when the Cu2+/SiO2 sample is evacuated above 573 K. Cu+/SiO2 catalyst decomposes NO photocatalytically and stoichiometrically at 275 K. The excited state of the Cu+ ions plays a significant role in the photocatalytic decomposition of NO on the Cu+/SiO2 catalyst.
Acid-Catalyzed Photoreduction of Dialkyl Sulfoxides by an Acid-Stable NADH Analogue
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Tokuda Yoshihiro
Published: May 2006

Photoreduction of dialkyl sulfoxides by an acid-stable NADH analogue, 9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine (AcrH2), proceeds in the presence of perchloric acid in acetonitrile via photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of AcrH2 to protonated sulfoxides to yield the corresponding dialkyl sulfides.
Enzymatic Synthesis of ω-Hydroxyalkyl and n-Alkyl β-D-Galactopyranosides by the Transglycosylation Reaction of β-Galactosidase
Authors: Matsumura Shuichi , Kubokawa Hiroo , Yoshikawa Sadao
Published: May 2006

ω-Hydroxyalkyl and n-alkyl β-D-galactopyranosides were directly prepared in high yield from 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol by the transglycosylation reaction of o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) or lactose using β-galactosidase.
Synthesis and Structure of 1,10-o-Benzeno[2.2]orthocyclophane-o-quinones. Evaluation of Attractive Energy between Donor and Acceptor
Authors: Fukazawa Yoshimasa , Nakamura Tsuneyuki , Haino Takeharu , Usui Shuji
Published: May 2006

The title compounds were synthesized to evaluate the intramolecular charge transfer interaction between the donor (dimethoxybenzene) and the acceptor(o-benzoquinone) of defined arrangement.
A Novel Synthesis of Disubstituted 1,1-Difluoro-1-alkenes by Using 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl p-Toluenesulfonate as a Difluorovinylidene Unit
Authors: Ichikawa Junji , Moriya Tsukasa , Sonoda Takaaki , Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: May 2006

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate is treated with lithium diisopropylamide and trialkylboranes successively to generate 1-alkyl-2,2-difluorovinylboranes, which in turn couple with aryl iodides in the presence of palladium catalyst and tetrabutylammonium fluoride to afford disubstituted 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes in good yields.
Functional Derivatives of a New Ring System, 1H,4H-Azeto[2,1-b]thiazolo[3′,2′:1,5]pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazine
Authors: Miskolczi István , Kövér Katalin E , Györgydeák Zoltán
Published: May 2006

The reaction of 7-β-phenylacetamido-3-formylceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid benzhydryl ester with D-penicillamine gives rise to a new fused tetracyclic system.
Chemical rescue, multiple ionizable groups, and general acid–base catalysis in the HDV genomic ribozyme
Authors: Perrotta Anne T. , Wadkins Timothy S. , Been Michael D.
Published: May 2006

In the ribozyme from the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genomic strand RNA, a cytosine side chain is proposed to facilitate proton transfer in the transition state of the reaction and, thus, act as a general acid–base catalyst. Mutation of this active-site cytosine (C75) reduced RNA cleavage rates by as much as one million-fold, but addition of exogenous cytosine and certain nucleobase or imidazole analogs can partially rescue activity in these mutants. However, pH-rate profiles for the rescued reactions were bell shaped, and only one leg of the pH-rate curve could be attributed to ionization of the exogenous nucleobase or buffer. When a second potential ionizable nucleobase (C41) was removed, one leg of the bell-shaped curve was eliminated in the chemical-rescue reaction. With this construct, the apparent pKa determined from the pH-rate profile correlated with the solution pKa of the buffer, and the contribution of the buffer to the rate enhancement could be directly evaluated in a free-energy or Brønsted plot. The free-energy relationship between the acid dissociation constant of the buffer and the rate constant for cleavage (Brønsted value, β, = ∼0.5) was consistent with a mechanism in which the buffer acted as a general acid–base catalyst. These data support the hypothesis that cytosine 75, in the intact ribozyme, acts as a general acid–base catalyst.
Adsorption of AUCL4- by Kaolinites: Effect of pH, Temperature and Kaolinite Crystallinity
Authors: Hong Hanlie , Sun Zhenya , Fu Zhengyi , Min Xinmin
Published: May 2006

Adsorption of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest">AuCl4− complex by kaolinites of different crystallinities (Kao-1 and Kao-2) from 100 mL of AuCl3·HCl·4H2O solutions containing 10,000, 500 and 50 µg/L Au and 1 g of kaolinite was measured at pH 3 to 9 at ambient temperature and 120°C. Adsorption from the 50, 500 and 10,000 µg Au/L solutions ranged from 64 to 100% at ambient temperature and from 68 to 100% at 120°C for both kaolinites. Adsorption was pH dependent with a maximum at pH <5 and a minimum at neutral and alkaline pHs. Up to 1 mg Au/g kaolinite was adsorbed by the kaolinites at both ambient temperature and 120°C. In a separate Au adsorption experiment using 100 mL of 4000 µg Au/L solutions and 0.02 to 1.0 g of Kao-1, up to 8.55 mg Au/ g of kaolinite was adsorbed. The pH dependence of Au adsorption suggests that surface complexation of Au to alumina sites at the edges of kaolinite particles might be involved. Protonation of kaolinite surface sites might facilitate adsorption of the anionic Au complex. Both kaolinites adsorbed ~100% of added Au at low pH values, but the less crystalline kaolinite (Kao-2) adsorbed more Au at high pH. Greater Au adsorption would be expected for the less crystalline Kao-2 sample if adsorption occurred at the edges of kaolinite particles.
Alteration of Kaolinite to Cancrinite and Sodalite by Simulated Hanford Tank Waste and its Impact on Cesium Retention
Authors: Zhao Hongting , Deng Youjun , Harsh James B. , Flury Markus , Boyle Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2006

Caustic nuclear wastes have leaked from tanks at the US Department of Energy’s Hanford site in Washington State (USA) causing hundreds of thousands of gallons of waste fluids to migrate into the underlying sediments. In this study, four simulant tank waste (STW) solutions, which are high in NaOH (1.4 and 2.8 mol/kg), NaNO3 (3.7 mol/kg) and NaAlO2 (0.125 and 0.25 mol/kg), were prepared and reacted with reference kaolinite KGa-1 and KGa-2 at 50 and 80°C for up to 2 months. The structure and morphology of the resulting products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The products were also examined for cation exchange and Cs+ sorption as a function of ionic strength and types of cations in the background solutions. Cancrinite and sodalite were the only new minerals observed in all of the conditions tested in this experiment. Two major chemical processes were involved in the reactions: dissolution of kaolinite and precipitation of cancrinite and sodalite. Increasing NaOH concentration and temperature, and decreasing NaAlO2 concentration increased the transformation rate. Both cancrinite and sodalite appeared stable thermodynamically under the experimental conditions. The newly formed feldspathoids were vulnerable to acid attack and pronounced dissolution occurred at pH below 5.5. Cancrinite and sodalite can incorporate NaNO3 ion pairs in their cages or channels. Sodium in cancrinite and sodalite was readily exchangeable by K+, but less easily by Cs+ or Ca2+. The feldspathoid products sorb nearly an order of magnitude more Cs+ than the unaltered kaolinite. The Cs adsorption is reduced by competing cations in the background solutions. At low ionic strength (0.01 M NaNO3 or 0.005 M Ca(NO3)2), Ca2+ was more competitive than Na+. When the concentration of the background solution was increased 10 times, Na+ was more competitive than Ca2+.
Preparation and Characterization of L-Aspartic Acid-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Yuan Qi , Wei Min , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Ge , Duan Xue
Published: May 2006

L-aspartic acid was intercalated into layered double hydroxides by coprecipitation. Two types of well crystallized material were obtained and were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and polarimetry. Schematic models of two intercalation structures with different basal spacings are given. It is proved that the optical activity of L-aspartic acid is retained during and after the intercalation process.
Si-Associated Goethite in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Atlantis II and Thetis Deeps, Red Sea
Authors: Taitel-Goldman Nurit , Bender Koch Christian , Singer Arieh
Published: May 2006

The properties of Si-associated goethite from sediments in the Atlantis II and Thetis Deeps in the Red Sea have been investigated in order to determine the effect of Si on the mineral. Two types of morphologies dominate in most samples: multi-domain crystallites, probably due to elevated Na concentration in the initial brine from which the mineral had crystallized, and mono-domain, acicular crystals. Goethite crystals with elevated Si/Fe elemental ratios are usually smaller and poorly crystalline, exhibiting numerous crystal defects, whereas larger crystals with higher crystallinity have lower Si/Fe elemental ratios. The higher Si/Fe ratios in Atlantis II Deep goethites and the lower ratio in Thetis Deep goethites probably reflect the levels of Si concentration in the hydrothermal fluids from which goethite precipitated. At relatively low Si/Fe ratios, the major effect of Si is to retard growth of the crystallites, but only a small number of defects are formed. At high Si/Fe ratios the defect concentration affects the properties of the crystals, as observed with Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Si association with goethite affects crystallinity and crystal size as indicated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Development and Validation of a Multiplex Add-On Assay for Sepsis Biomarkers Using xMAP Technology
Authors: Kofoed Kristian , Schneider Uffe Vest , Scheel Troels , Andersen Ove , Eugen-Olsen Jesper
Published: May 2006

Background: Sepsis is a common and often fatal disease. Because sepsis can be caused by many different organisms, biomarkers that can aid in diagnosing sepsis and monitoring treatment efficacy are highly warranted. New sepsis markers may provide additional information to complement the currently used markers.

Methods: We used a combination of in-house and commercially available multiplex immunoassays based on Luminex® xMAP technology to assay biomarkers of potential interest in EDTA-plasma samples.

Results: A 3-plex assay for soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), and macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) was developed and validated in-house. This 3-plex assay was added to a commercially available interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α human cytokine panel. No cross-reactivity was observed when the assays were combined. Correlation between values obtained with the 8-plex, the 5-cytokine panel, the 3 in-house 1-plex assays, and a suPAR ELISA ranged from 0.86 to 0.99. Mean within- and between-run CVs were 8.0% and 11%, respectively. Recoveries of suPAR, sTREM-1, and MIF calibrators were 108%, 88%, and 51%, respectively. In plasma collected from 10 patients with bacterial sepsis confirmed by blood culture, the assay detected significantly increased concentrations of all 8 analytes compared with healthy controls.

Conclusions: A commercially available xMAP panel can be expanded with markers of interest. The combined multiplex assay can measure the 8 analytes with high reproducibility. The xMAP technology is an appealing tool for assaying conventional cytokines in combination with new markers.
Results and Feasibility of an External Quality Assessment Scheme for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Kristensen Gunn BB , Nerhus Kari , Thue Geir , Sandberg Sverre
Published: May 2006

Background: The analytical quality of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is not satisfactory, and the need for standardized control routines for SMBG has been underscored. The objective of this study was to investigate whether an external quality assessment scheme (EQAS) designed for office laboratories could improve the quality of SMBG measurements.

Methods: From October 2001 through March 2004, we conducted 6 glucose surveys for diabetes patients and coordinated them with an EQAS for office laboratories. Patients received 2 control samples by post twice a year. They measured each control sample in duplicate in accordance with written instructions, returned the results, and received an assessment of their analytical performance. Participants who got a poor evaluation were followed up by phone and were offered guidance.

Results: Participating in an EQA program over a period of 3 years decreased the percentage of poor results among diabetes patients significantly, from 11.2% to 1.9% in the first and last surveys, respectively. Between-participant CVs improved from 5.5% to 3.7% and were comparable to results from office laboratories. It was difficult to sort out factors contributing to quality improvement.

Conclusions: Implementing a traditional EQAS among diabetes patients may improve the analytical quality of SMBG and could be convenient for motivated patients. Further evaluation of the clinical usefulness of implementing such a program is needed, however, and costs as well as limitations of current EQAS for glucose in general should be taken into account.
Eroticism, the sacred and philosophies of modern physics; the body as a catalyser of meaning
Authors: Choinire Isabelle
Published: May 2006

This paper aims to demonstrate the relation between eroticism, perceptually expanded experience (dilated, brought forth by the intelligence of the body), and the notion of interconnectivity and global consciousness. I discern two tendencies: the self's positional relation via technology
proposed by philosophers like Descartes; and the self's non-positional relation via technology that seems to be proposed by some philosophers such as Fritjof Capra. I draw my sources from the second category: my work is enriched by an anthropological approach where I expand my experience by
integrating several typical dances from different countries, as well as traditional spiritual dances from a Western point of view. My process refers to oriental philosophy - it presents the exterior world and the interior world as two aspects of the same fabric, and questions the very notion
of surface and bodily borders in which every thread of every energy and phenomenon, of every form of consciousness and its objects are woven into one continuous tapestry of infinite and mutually conditioned relations. This brings forth a redefinition of the notion of limit, time and reality.
The bodily experience, enriched by training from several different cultures transports us to an experience of interiority which leads to states of expanded consciousness.
A novel RSK2 (RPS6KA3) gene mutation associated with abnormal brain MRI findings in a family with Coffin–Lowry syndrome
Authors: Wang Yueying , Martinez Jose E. , Wilson Glen L. , He Xi‐Yu , Tuck‐Muller Cathy M. , Maertens Paul , Wertelecki Wladimir , Chen Tian‐Jian
Published: May 2006

Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X‐linked mental retardation syndrome caused by defects in the RSK2 gene. We have identified a CLS family with four patients in two generations. The patients in this family, a mother and her three children (a male and two females), all have severe mental retardation with the typical CLS phenotype. In addition, brain MRI studies on the three siblings revealed abnormalities in deep subcortical white matter, thinning of the corpus callosum, hypoplastic cerebellar vermis, and asymmetry of the lateral ventricles. The degree of severity of the MRI findings correlated with the severity of mental retardation in the patients. Extensive mutation screening was performed on the entire RSK2 gene in this family. Twenty‐two exons including the intron/exon junctions were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced on both strands. A novel mutation, a two‐nucleotide insertion (298 ins TG), was identified. The insertion creates a stop codon at codon 100, resulting in a 99 amino acid truncated RSK2 protein. All patients tested have the same mutation, and no other mutation could be found in the RSK2 gene from the proband. The mutation was confirmed by PCR/RFLP. X‐chromosome inactivation assay on the female patients revealed significant skewing toward inactivation of the normal RSK2 allele. Thus, this novel mutation is likely to be responsible for the unusual clinical presentation in this family, which includes full phenotypic expression in females and unique brain MRI abnormalities. The pathological function of the mutation and genotype/phenotype correlation between the mutation and this unusual clinical presentation await further clarification. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Swelling and thermal characteristics of pH sensitive crosslinked poly(acrylamide‐co‐calcium methacrylate) superabsorbent copolymers
Authors: Murali Mohan Y. , Keshava Murthy P. S. , Sreedhar B. , Mohana Raju K.
Published: May 2006

Crosslinked poly(Acrylamide‐co‐calcium methacrylate) superabsorbent copolymers [Poly(AAm‐co‐CMA)] were prepared by free‐radical copolymerization in aqueous solution of acrylamide (AAm) with calcium methacrylate (CMA) in presence of a crosslinker [N,N1‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), 1,2‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), or diallyl phthalate (DP)] using ammonium persulphate‐N,N,N1,N1‐tetramethylethylenediamine (APS‐TMEDA) redox initiator. The influence of relative content of CMA on the swelling ratio of the crosslinked copolymer was examined. The equilibrium swelling ratio (Seq) of crosslinked poly(AAm‐co‐CMA) superabsorbent copolymers was found in between 13–111 g/g, 14–92 g/g, and 12–33 g/g for superabsorbent copolymers crosslinked by DP, EGDMA, and MBA, respectively. Percentage equilibrium water content (EWC%) of crosslinked superabsorbent copolymers was found in between 92.51 and 99.11%. The calculated theoretical equilibrium swelling ratio (TSeq) and equilibrium swelling ratio (Seq) of these superabsorbent copolymers were in good agreement. Water intake of superabsorbent copolymers crosslinked by DP followed non‐Fickian type diffusion, while EGDMA and MBA crosslinked superabsorbent copolymers followed Fickian type diffusion. Further, the influence of pH of the medium on swelling behavior of crosslinked superabsorbent copolymers was also investigated. Thermal stability and morphology of these poly(AAm‐co‐CMA) superabsorbent copolymers were also studied in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1–12, 2006