bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of drilling-induced delamination and tool wear in carbon fibre reinforced laminates
Authors: Arhamnamazi SA , Aymerich F , Buonadonna P , Mehtedi M El
Published: June 2021

A highly accurate X-ray damage characterization technique was used in this study to investigate the correlation between hole damage, tool wear and thrust force in drilling of carbon fibre reinforced laminates. Woven carbon/epoxy panels were drilled with a twist tool for 592 holes and the internal damage induced by drilling was investigated by high-resolution penetrant-enhanced X-radiography for comparison with damage evaluated by visual inspection. The study shows that the dominant damage mode induced by drilling is delamination and that tool wear has a significant effect on the size of the delaminated area. The analyses also show that the delaminated areas estimated by visual inspection are much smaller than those identified by X-radiography. This finding indicates that visual observation techniques may provide dangerously unconservative indications and should be used in association with more reliable damage evaluation methods to assess the hole quality of drilled carbon fibre reinforced composites.
Financial Distress, Earnings Benchmark and Earnings Management Practices
Authors: Gandhi Karan
Published: June 2021

Prior research exhibits contradictory evidence on earnings management practices, both accrual and real, undertaken by the firms in state of financial distress. This study uniquely examines the issue in the presence of earnings-increasing earnings management motivation- meeting earnings benchmark of avoiding losses. For examining the issue, this study analyzes large panel data of Indian public companies for the period 2000–2016. The findings indicate prevalence of earnings-decreasing real earnings management practices, that is, decrease in overproduction and increase in spending on discretionary expenses, in financially distressed firms despite there being motivation to increase earnings to avoid losses. No evidence of accrual earnings management practices has been observed in such firms.
Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on bio-based shape memory polymers from benzoxazine/epoxy copolymers actuated by near-infrared light
Authors: Srisaard Surapong , Amornkitbamrung Lunjakorn , Charoensuk Krittapas , Sapcharoenkun Chaweewan , Jubsilp Chanchira , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: June 2021

Novel near-infrared (NIR) light-induced bio-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) were prepared from copolymers of vanillin/furfurylamine-based benzoxazine monomer (V-fa monomer) and epoxidized castor oil (ECO). Incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as photothermal fillers into the copolymers provided shape memory properties under near-infrared (NIR) light actuation. The effects of GNP content on photothermal, thermal, dynamic mechanical, morphology, and shape memory properties of the bio-based benzoxazine/epoxy copolymers (V-fa/ECO copolymers) were investigated. The results showed that the addition of GNPs significantly improved the photothermal, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of the copolymers. The uniform dispersion of 3 wt% GNPs in the V-fa/ECO copolymers resulted in the highest shape memory performance with shape fixity of 92% and shape recovery of 99% upon NIR light actuation. The recovery time decreased with the increment of GNP content, and the V-fa/ECO copolymers filled with GNPs displayed good execution in the repeated fold-deploy, in which the shape fixity and shape recovery values were close to the original specimen. Therefore, the outstanding properties of V-fa/ECO copolymers filled with GNPs had a potential to be excellent SMPs under NIR actuation.
Gift Travel in the U.S. House of Representatives
Authors: McGee Zachary A. , Moniz Philip
Published: June 2021

Members of Congress take more than 2,000 trips sponsored by private organizations and interest groups every congress. Using a new data set of gift travel from 2007 to 2019 and interviews with former members of Congress, current and former congressional staffers, and staffers from interest groups that fund trips, we attempt to answer two core questions about this increasingly frequent behavior. Why do members take privately sponsored trips and what types of groups are driving this behavior? We argue that members of Congress take trips because they believe it makes them more effective legislators by exposing them to real-world consequences of their policy decisions and forcing them to build relationships with their fellow members. Trip sponsors, alternatively, seek to persuade and build relationships with members of Congress that ultimately shape their legislative coalitions. We find that trip-taking is associated with greater legislative effectiveness, in particular for Democrats, and that the provision of policy-specific information is a valuable benefit from taking these trips.
Percutaneous Chevron and Akin (PECA) Osteotomies for Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity With Mean 3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Lewis Thomas L. , Ray Robbie , Robinson Peter , Dearden Paul M. C. , Goff Thomas J. , Watt Clare , Lam Peter
Published: June 2021

Background:

Patients with severe hallux valgus deformity present technical and operative challenges with high rates of recurrence and residual deformity. The clinical and radiologic outcomes of percutaneous surgery for severe hallux valgus are not known.

Methods:

A retrospective review of consecutive patients with a hallux valgus angle (HVA) >40 degrees or intermetatarsal angle (IMA) >20 degrees who underwent third-generation percutaneous chevron and Akin osteotomy (PECA) for hallux valgus deformity correction.

Results:

Between December 2012 and August 2019, 59 feet in 50 patients underwent PECA. Preoperative and follow-up radiographic data were available for 53 feet (89.8%). Postoperative clinical patient-reported outcome measures and satisfaction results were available for 51 feet (86.4%). The mean clinical and radiographic follow-up was 3.1 years and the mean postoperative Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire Index score was 15.1. There was a statistically significant improvement ( P < .001) in both IMA and HVA following surgery (IMA 17.5-5.1 degrees; HVA 44.1-11.5 degrees). All patients reported they were satisfied with their outcome, with 76.8% reporting they were highly satisfied. The hallux valgus recurrence rate was 7.5%.

Conclusion:

Percutaneous surgery for severe hallux valgus deformity can achieve a large deformity correction, patient satisfaction, and quality of life, with reasonable rates of residual deformity and low rates of recurrence.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Modeling and suppression of unbalanced radial force for in-wheel motor driving system
Authors: Deng Zhaoxue , Li Xu , Liu Tianqin , Zhao Shuen
Published: June 2021

Considering the negative vertical dynamics effect of switched reluctance motor on an in-wheel motor driving system, this article presents a modeling and suppression method for unbalanced radial force of the in-wheel motor driving system. To tease out the coupling relationship within the in-wheel motor driving system, this investigation, respectively, explores the principle of unbalanced radial force and the coupling relationship between rotor eccentricity and road excitation based on the suspension response model with unbalanced radial force under road excitation. The switched reluctance motor nonlinear analytical model was fitted by the Fourier series, and its radial electromagnetic force was modeled and analyzed by the Maxwell stress tensor method. To mitigate the influence of radial electromagnetic force fluctuation and unbalanced radial force amplitude value under eccentricity condition on the in-wheel motor driving system, the elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was adopted to improve radial electromagnetic force fluctuation and unbalanced radial force amplitude value of the switched reluctance motor. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method can suppress the radial electromagnetic force fluctuation and unbalanced radial force amplitude value, and the negative effect of vertical dynamics of the in-wheel motor driving system is conspicuously mitigated.
Feminist-Inspired NGO Activism in Contemporary China: Expanding the Inductive Approach in Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Hsiung Ping-Chun
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes feminist praxis and nongovernmental organization (NGO) activism in the Heyang Project, which endeavored to increase women’s political participation in rural governance through village elections in Shaanxi Province, China (2004–2013). It presents an NGO-centered framework to challenge the Western and state-centered lenses that have been used to frame and assess the development of NGOs, civil society, and the women’s movement in China. I disrupt the exclusive power upheld by the researcher by inserting the interpretative voices of the researched. I demonstrate that the Project transcends the predicament of a binary conceptualization. The NGO successfully interweaves and juxtaposes seemly contradictory forces.
The Conflicting Conventions of Care: Transformative Service as Justice and Agape
Authors: Varman Rohit , Vijay Devi , Skålén Per
Published: June 2021

In this study, we examine the conflicts and unintended consequences that arise from the diverse social conventions constituting a transformative service. We draw on convention theory and an ethnographic study to interpret a community-based palliative care initiative in Kerala (India) as a transformative service system. We contribute to transformative service research by developing a dialectical transformative service system framework that is a synthesis of the calculative conflict-ridden regime of justice and the noncalculative regime of agape based on love. In this framework, the calculative regime of justice has civic conventions at its core and industrial, inspired, market, domestic, and fame conventions as ancillaries. While the regime of justice is associated with the undesired, unintended consequence of conflicts, the regime of agape constitutes a desirable unintended consequence. Our framework provides a microlevel understanding of disputes and their reconciliation, advances a diffused understanding of worth that ruptures the binary of legitimate or illegitimate actions, and delineates the significance of morality. Our study also contributes by explaining agape’s role in transformative service, particularly in health and caregiving.
Suffering catalyzing ecopreneurship: Critical ecopsychology of organizations
Authors: Vlasov Maxim , Heikkurinen Pasi , Bonnedahl Karl Johan
Published: June 2021

The article bridges the gap between ecology and mind in organization theory by exploring the role of psychological suffering for sustainable organizing. In particular, it shows how burn-out, experiential deprivation, and ecological anxiety prompt ecopreneurs within the Swedish back-to-the-land movement to become ecologically embedded. Three counter-practices illustrate how this suffering represents an inner revolt against the exploitative structures of modern society and growth capitalism, and a catalyst for alternative ecopreneurship. The article takes the first steps toward critical ecopsychology of organizations, which offers an ecocentric ontology and a moral-political framework for degrowth transition.
Profanity in viral tourism marketing: A conceptual model of destination image reinforcement
Authors: Fjelldal Ida Kristine , Kralj Anna , Moyle Brent
Published: June 2021

Destination image is considered one of the most researched topics in tourism. Studies have focused on how image formation agents can be leveraged to shape the image of a destination, with research on social media emerging in prominence. Despite this growth, limited research has focused on the confluence of viral marketing, profanity and destination image, especially among young social media savvy users. Consequently, the aim of this article is to explore how a viral marketing campaign incorporating profanity impacts on the cognitive, affective and conative components of destination image. An unofficial viral social media campaign in Australia was selected as a case study. Findings revealed attitudes were overwhelmingly positive towards the viral campaign. Profanity was considered by the respondents as a novel technique for stimulating destination awareness. Although profanity stimulated awareness, and the use of profanity reinforced a stereotypical image, there was negligible evidence of transfer to intention to travel. A conceptual model of destination image reinforcement is articulated. Future studies need to consider the benefits and risks of profanity in a social media campaign and the subsequent implications for destination image.
Capitalism and alienation: Towards a Marxist theory of alienation for the 21st century
Authors: Øversveen Emil
Published: June 2021

Alienation is among the most influential terms in Marxist theory, but also one of the most ambiguous and controversial. Unlike previous literature, which has tended to focus on Marx’ early philosophical writings, this offers a novel reinterpretation of the theory of alienation found in Marx’s later works. Rather than conceiving alienation as a subjective experience or an inherent feature of social organization, I contend that alienation in the Marxist sense can be understood as an objective process arising from the appropriation of the results of production and their transformation into capital. This interpretation resolves the main theoretical problems conventionally associated with alienation theory, for example the tendency towards essentialism and moral paternalism. In particular, a Marxist theory of alienation explains the paradox of social power and isolation that characterizes contemporary capitalist societies, in which feelings of powerlessness and loneliness are intensified despite objective increases in humanity’s social power and interdependence.
How do individuals with alcohol problems use social and healthcare services in Finland? Comparison of service use patterns between two high-need patient groups
Authors: Rautiainen Elina , Ryynänen Olli-Pekka , Rautiainen Päivi , Laatikainena Tiina
Published: June 2021

Aims:

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are associated with high risk of comorbidities and excess use of social and healthcare services. We examined health service use (HSU) frequencies of patients with AUD in comparison to those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design:

A random sample of individuals with AUD ( n = 396) were identified based on ICD-10 codes and HSU patterns, morbidity and mortality were compared with age- and gender-matched T2DM controls ( n = 792) using logistic regression analysis. Six years (2011–2016) of electronic health record (EHR) data from the North Karelia district in Finland were used.

Results:

Similarities in comorbidity patterns existed, although mental health comorbidity (odds ratio [ OR] 1.86) was more prevalent in the AUD group. The average annual HSU varied according to the groups: T2DM patients had more continuous contact with public health nurses in primary care, whereas AUD patients were more likely to experience somatic specialised care hospitalisations ( OR 11.30) and have frequent somatic primary healthcare doctor visits ( OR 3.30) and frequent emergency room doctor visits in specialised care ( OR 8.89). Furthermore, patients with AUD had a 7.5 times higher risk of death compared with T2DM patients.

Conclusions:

This study identified rather similar comorbidity status for the AUD and T2DM patients, but their HSU patterns differed noticeably. AUD patients had higher frequencies of hospitalisation periods and emergency service use and were at a higher risk of death compared with T2DM patients, indicating greater challenges in the organisation of care for AUD patients compared with those having T2DM.
Slanted septum and multiple folded cavity liners for broadband sound absorption
Authors: Palani Suresh , Murray Paul , McAlpine Alan , Sasaki Daisuke , Richter Christoph
Published: June 2021

The design of acoustic liners with complex cavities for a wide frequency range of attenuation using numerical method is investigated in this paper. Three novel liner concepts are presented, demonstrating predicted improvements in broadband sound absorption when compared with that for conventional designs. The liners include a slanted septum core, a slanted septum core with varying percentage open area, and a MultiFOCAL concept. A finite element model of a normal incidence impedance tube is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software to predict the acoustic properties (resistance and reactance) of liners at medium and high sound pressure levels, and to study the impact of variations in the liner design parameters. The impedance tube finite element model incorporates non-linear semi-empirical impedance equations, validated by comparing numerical results with measurements performed on a single-degree-of-freedom liner, with a perforated face sheet, at high sound pressure level. The design variables of the novel liner concepts are optimized using a hybrid automated optimisation procedure. The low-frequency optimum slanted septum core concept with an open area of 4.5% for the face sheet and 18% for the short slanted septum is predicted to have an absorption level of at least 14 dB in the frequency range of 400–1000 Hz for normally incident pure tone excitations at 150 dB. The slanted septum core concept with varying percentage open area, with broadband optimum design variables, is predicted to have good broadband sound absorption levels of at least 10 dB in the frequency range of 570–3800 Hz. Finally, the MultiFOCAL liner concept with optimised percentage open areas is predicted to have an excellent broadband sound absorption levels of at least 14 dB, for pure tone excitations at 150 dB, in the frequency range of 900–5300 Hz. This work will be followed by optimisation of the face sheet geometries of these novel liner designs in order to maximise lined duct attenuation for aircraft engine applications.
IFAR liner benchmark challenge #1 – DLR impedance eduction of uniform and axially segmented liners and comparison with NASA results
Authors: Bake Friedrich , Burgmayer Ralf , Schulz Anita , Knobloch Karsten , Enghardt Lars , Jones Michael G
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the contribution from the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to the first liner benchmark challenge under the framework of the International Forum for Aviation Research (IFAR). Therefore, two sets of acoustically damping wall treatments, called ‘liner samples’, have been produced by additive manufacturing based on the design data provided by NASA coordinating this benchmark. These liner samples have been integrated and acoustically characterized in the liner flow test facility DUCT-R at DLR Berlin as well as in the liner flow test facility GFIT at NASA Langley. Besides the dissipation coefficients and the axial pressure profiles, the liner wall impedance was educed by first determining the axial wave numbers and then applying a straightforward method based on the one-dimensional Convected Helmholtz Equation. Finally, the comparison of the liner impedance values to the NASA results show a fairly good agreement.
Graphene nanocomposites: A review on processes, properties, and applications
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Akter Mahmuda
Published: June 2021

In this paper, graphene, graphene/matrix, and graphene/fiber nanocomposites, including their synthesis process, fabrication, properties, and potential applications, were reviewed. It was found that several synthesis techniques for nanographene were developed, such as liquid-phase exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition. In addition, some fabrication processes of graphene/matrix and graphene/fiber-based nanocomposites were made, including in-situ polymerization, nanostitching in that single layer nano graphene plate could be interconnected by means of carbon nanotube stitching, resin transfer molding, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. Several properties, including mechanical, thermal, and electrical, on the graphene nanoplatelets materials were summarized in this review paper. It was realized that graphene, graphene/matrix, and graphene/fiber nanocomposites have extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties used in advanced engineering applications, including soft robotics, microelectronics, energy storage, biomedical and biosensors as well as textile industry.
Interpretation of anatomic correlates of outer retinal bands in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yao Xincheng , Son Taeyoon , Kim Tae-Hoon , Le David
Published: June 2021

By providing the sectioning capability to differentiate individual retinal layers, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is revolutionizing eye disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. A better understanding of the hyper- and hypo-reflective bands in retinal OCT is essential for accurate interpretation of clinical outcomes. In this article, we summarize the interpretations of clinical OCT and adaptive optics (AO) OCT (AO-OCT) of the outer retina in the human eye, and briefly review OCT investigation of the outer retina in animal models. Quantitative analysis of outer retinal OCT bands is compared to established parameters of retinal histology. The literature review and comparative analysis support that both inner/outer segment (IS/OS) junction and IS ellipsoid zone nonexclusively contribute to the second band; and OS, OS tips, and retinal pigment epithelium apical processes contribute to the third band in conventional OCT. In contrast, AO-OCT might predominantly detect the IS/OS junction and OS tip signals at the second and third bands due to its improved sectioning capability and possible AO effect on the sensitivities for recording ballistic and diffusive photons from different regions of the outer retina.
The Art of Effective Handoff Communication Among Medical and Surgery Residents
Authors: Rattray Nicholas A. , Flanagan Mindy E. , Militello Laura G. , Barach Paul , Frankel Richard M.
Published: June 2021

End-of-shift handoffs occur when physicians transfer care responsibilities from one shift to another. Typically viewed as a straightforward exchange of information, we argue that several contextually relevant factors shape the communication behaviors of outgoing and incoming residents during handoffs. Digital recordings and transcripts of resident handoffs in medicine and surgery were made at three VA Medical Centers. They were triangulated with cognitive task interviews that elicited residents’ reconstructions of their work practices. Analyses revealed clear distinctions among “day-to-night,” “night-to-day,” and “double handoffs” that involve transitions between day and night teams. Although residents preferred handing off in dedicated, quiet spaces, few (16%) occurred in such settings; 28% contained significant interruptions. The quality handoff artifacts (notes and forms) influenced interactions, especially in cases where multiple residents from different teams were involved, requiring incoming residents to adjust “on the fly.” This study demonstrated that there are multiple contextual factors that affect, and are affected by, handoff interactions. The findings suggest that handoffs are less like the delivery of a telegram (unidirectional) and more like complex adaptive systems (products of interactional co-construction). Teaching communication practices based on interaction complexity may reduce errors and adverse outcomes for hospitalized patients.
Transmission ratio optimization of two-speed gearbox in battery electric passenger vehicles
Authors: Sun Gui-Bin , Chiu Yi-Jui , Zuo Wen-Yang , Zhou Shen , Gan Jian-Chao , Li Ying
Published: June 2021

To optimize the power and economic performance of battery electric passenger vehicles, an 8.5-m-long battery electric passenger vehicle was selected as the research subject. The simulated-annealing particle-swarm-optimization (SAPSO) algorithm was applied to optimize the two-speed gearbox and transmission ratio of the vehicle. With the opening of the accelerator pedal and speed as variables, a comprehensive gear shift schedule that considered both the power and economic performance was established. The comprehensive gear shift schedule curve was defined in the model built in the ADVISOR software. The transmission ratio was jointly optimized using the ADVISOR and ISIGHT software, and then the ADVISOR simulation software was used to analyze the economic and dynamic performances corresponding to the optimized transmission ratio. Finally, we compared the power and economic performances of the vehicle before and after transmission ratio optimization, the results of which showed that after the optimization, the maximum speed, climbing gradient, and 0–50 km/h acceleration time of the vehicle were greatly improved, and the driving range was slightly shortened. This enabled performance advantages of the battery electric passenger vehicle by balancing the power and economic performances of the vehicle.
From flabby to fit: Restructuring the public broadcasting system in Egypt
Authors: Allam Rasha
Published: June 2021

The Egyptian public broadcaster, newly named the National Media Council (NMC), has been under pressure to undergo comprehensive restructuring. Many changes have taken place recently to enable this transformation. Through analysing financial reports, evaluating the new regulatory framework and conducting in-depth interviews, this study examines the likelihood of the NMC adapting to the recent changes and the extent to which the new regulatory framework promotes a public service system suggesting a model for implementation. Findings show that the NMC must respond to four main challenges: lack of strategic vision and identity, a centralized regime power structure, an acute financial deficit, and a weak digital presence. Interviewees evaluated the new regulatory framework as inexhaustive with an intention to maintain grip on power. Interviewees proposed an integrated decentralized model that combines the public service mission with private partnership.
Sprint development practices in elite football code athletes
Authors: Nicholson Ben , Dinsdale Alex , Jones Ben , Heyward Omar , Till Kevin
Published: June 2021

Despite the importance and complexity of developing sprint performance in football code athletes, there are limited studies exploring practitioners’ practices to improves Sprinting. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and evaluate the practices used with elite football code athletes to develop sprint performance. Ninety subjects completed a survey comprised of four sections (coaching demographic, evaluation of training, organisation of training, and training protocols). Survey responses showed that 98% of practitioners monitor sprint performance, and 92% integrated monitoring strategies into sprint development programmes to inform training. All practitioners used combined training methods including specific (e.g., sprints with or without overload) and non-specific (e.g., strength training or plyometrics) methods targeting the underpinning determinants of sprint performance. Most practitioners reported prescribing 1–3 or 2–4 days · wk−1 for sprint development, both in-season and pre-season. Sprint development programmes were uncommon in the off-season. Most specific sprint training sessions were reportedly shorter in duration (5–15 and 15–30min) than non-specific sprint training methods (30–45 and >45min) irrespective of the season phases. Sprint development was integrated before and after sport-specific training, regularly using warm-ups and gym sessions. Specific training methods were also implemented in separate sessions. The specific content (e.g., exercise selection, training load prescription) was highly variable between practitioners. This study represents the first detailed survey (practices and justification) of sprint development practices (evaluation and organisation of training protocols) in football code cohorts. These findings present multiple methods of structuring, integrating and manipulating sprint training based on the training aims and the individual context.
The Value of Small Live Music Venues: Alternative Forms of Capital and Niche Spaces of Cultural Production
Authors: Whiting Sam
Published: June 2021

Small live music venues rely on complex systems of cultural and social capital to bring revenue into each venue space. Although these intangible forms of value are quickly exchanged for economic capital over the bar or through the ticket vendor, their initial state conveys the intrinsic value of small venues as spaces of sociality and cultural production. Throughout this article I demonstrate the intrinsic value of small venues through an analysis of how alternative forms of capital – social, cultural, and symbolic (Bourdieu, 1984, 1986, 1997, 2002) – are generated and mobilised by individuals working in small venues, and the venue spaces themselves. This utilisation of Bourdieu and his theoretical apparatus forms the conceptual framework of this article, as I assert that much of the ‘work’ that small venues ‘do’ is intangible, and thus difficult to measure in quantitative terms. However, Bourdieu’s alternative forms of capital allow us to qualitatively assess the intrinsic value of small live music venues, demonstrating the significance of this value whilst also prompting a discussion of the nature of intrinsic and instrumental value. This article is both a review of the literature connecting Bourdieu to the study of small live music venues and an analysis of how theories of value and Bourdieusian capital(s) play out in niche spaces of cultural production such as small live music venues.
The labour of place: Memory and extended reality (XR) in migration museums
Authors: Reading Anna , Bjork Jim , Hanlon Jack , Jakeman Neil
Published: June 2021

How do we understand the relationship between memory and place in the context of Extended Reality (XR) migration museum exhibitions? The study combines a global mapping of XR within migration museums, a user analysis of Cologne’s virtual migration museum, and practice-led research with the UK Migration Museum to argue that XR places in Web 2.0 constitute a multiplication of memory’s significant localities. These include a migration memory’s place of beginning (the location of a migrant experience), the place of production (where the memory is transformed into representation) and the place of consumption (where the mediated memory is engaged with, looked at, heard). Mnemonic labour involving digital frictions at each of these sites constitutes a form of multiple place-making with complex feelings, meanings, and (dis)connections. This points to an innovative approach to understanding and curating XR experiences with museums that recognises the significance of the labour of place.
Placeless and barrier-free? Connecting place memories online within an unequal society
Authors: Wieser Leonie
Published: June 2021

Digital media have a significant impact on how individuals and groups relate to their own as well as shared memories. Digital and online memorialisation has the potential to connect a greater number of disparate agents across physical place boundaries. Using the case study of an online mapping project recording women’s migration experiences, this article finds that digital media are indeed used to challenge established place narratives and contest an exclusionary sense of place. This online memory mapping is intended to connect personal memories of local areas across group and place boundaries. Thematic tagging serves as a tool to connect local memories globally. However, these attempts are situated within an unequal society, where resources, time and digital skills are not equally available to all. Offline power relations and social location are thus found to be constitutive of the making of online memory maps and to hinder democratised memory-making of place.
Comparison of transmural healing and mucosal healing as predictors of positive long-term outcomes in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Ma Li , Li Wenbo , Zhuang Nan , Yang Hong , Liu Wei , Zhou Weixun , Jiang Yuxin , Li Jianchu , Zhu Qingli , Qian Jiaming
Published: June 2021

Background:

Transmural healing (TH) is being increasingly recognized for reflecting deep remission in Crohn’s disease (CD). The long-term clinical significance of achieving TH is still not fully known. We aimed to evaluate TH as a predictor of long-term positive outcomes using intestinal ultrasonography (US), with comparison with the established endpoint mucosal healing (MH).

Methods:

CD patients were consecutively recruited from September 2015 to August 2018 at a single tertiary hospital. All patients were evaluated at baseline and followed up at 6 months prospectively with a guideline-based treatment regimen. Achieving TH/MH or not was evaluated by US/colonoscopy at the first follow-up. Long-term outcomes including steroid-free clinical remission (CR), drug escalation, hospitalization, and surgery, were recorded after at least another 12 months.

Results:

We identified 77 patients with a median age of 30 years (range, 12–73 years). Twenty-five (32%) patients achieved TH, and 31 (40%) patients achieved MH. TH and MH were poorly correlated (Cohen’s κ = 0.387; p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that both MH and TH were associated with better long-term outcomes. In multivariate analysis, TH was an independent predictor of steroid-free CR [odds ratio (OR), 52.6; p <  0.001], drug escalation (OR, 0.1; p =  0.002), and hospitalization (OR, 0.05; p =  0.005), while MH was an independent predictor of drug escalation (OR, 0.3; p =  0.05). Smoking habit was the only predictor of surgery (OR, 6.6; p =  0.02).

Conclusion:

TH is an independent predictor of more favorable long-term outcomes than MH, suggesting that TH could become the potential treatment endpoint in CD. Plain language summary Transmural healing predicts good prognosis in Crohn’s disease The therapeutic endpoints of Crohn’s disease keep evolving. The long-term clinical significance of achieving transmural healing is not fully discovered. Transmural healing is an independent predictor of more favorable long-term outcomes than mucosal healing. Transmural healing could become the potential treatment endpoint in Crohn’s disease.
A Tribological Comparison of Facet Joint, Sacroiliac Joint, and Knee Cartilage in the Yucatan Minipig
Authors: Nordberg Rachel C. , Espinosa M. Gabriela , Hu Jerry C. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A.
Published: June 2021

Objective

Pathology of the facet and sacroiliac (SI) joints contributes to 15% to 45% and 10% to 27% of lower back pain cases, respectively. Although tissue engineering may offer novel treatment options to patients suffering from cartilage degeneration in these joints, the tribological characteristics of the facet and SI joints have not been studied in either the human or relevant large animal models, which hinders the development of joint-specific cartilage implants.

Design

Cartilage was isolated from the knee, cervical facet, thoracic facet, lumbar facet, and SI joints of 6 skeletally mature Yucatan minipigs ( Sus scrofa). Tribological characteristics were assessed via coefficient of friction testing, interferometry, and immunohistochemistry for lubricin organization.

Results

Compared with the knee, the coefficient of friction was higher by 43% in the cervical facet, 77% in the thoracic facet, 37% in the lumbar facet, and 28% in the SI joint. Likewise, topographical features of the facet and SI joints varied significantly, ranging from a 114% to 384% increase and a 48% to 107% increase in global and local surface roughness measures, respectively, compared with the knee. Additionally, the amount of lubricin in the SI joint was substantially greater than in the knee. Statistical correlations among the various tribological parameters revealed that there was a significant correlation between local roughness and coefficient of friction, but not global roughness or the presence of lubricin.

Conclusion

These location-specific tribological characteristics of the articular cartilages of the spine will need to be taken into consideration during the development of physiologically relevant, functional, and durable tissue-engineered replacements for these joints.
Modding Europa Universalis IV: An informal gaming practice transposed into a formal learning setting
Authors: Loban Rhett
Published: June 2021

This article explores the use of modding as a formal tool for learning history. The article examines data from a formal analysis of Europa Universalis IV (EUIV), a survey of 331 EUIV forum participants and a case study of 18 university participants. Significant quantitative survey data indicated that 45% (149/331) of participants had modified EUIV, and of the 125 participants who responded with comments about modding, a significant number (86/125 responses or 68.8%) explained how they had learnt about history, geography or other subjects through the modding process. Closer analysis of survey and case study responses and mods reveals the variety of ways participants learnt and critiqued history through the modding process. The article discusses the data and the pedagogical affordance of modding in a few steps. First, the article briefly explores the evidence that indicates modding is popular within the EUIV gaming community. In this instance, it examines whether given the popularity of gaming practice, modding might also be seen as a new casual form of engagement with games. Second, the article reviews the modding process in EUIV and examines how both playing and creating mods may be beneficial for learning history. Modding is examined in terms of its pedagogical importance and the unique educational opportunities it may offer that are not otherwise accessible through other forms of game-based learning. Finally, the article explores how and what the case study participants learnt when they were tasked with creating and implementing playable mods to demonstrate their understanding of history. Overall, the article considers the growing importance of mods, how learners can create and represent history using mods and how mods can provide a platform for learners to develop their own critique and analysis of official history.
WhatsApp group as a shared resource for coping with political violence: The case of mothers living in an ongoing conflict area
Authors: Roitman Yuval , Yeshua-Katz Daphna
Published: June 2021

In recent years, mobile media applications have become a significant resource for crisis communication and communal coping during natural disasters and wars. Drawing on communal coping and media affordance research, we examined the roles that a WhatsApp group plays for mothers living in an ongoing conflict area. We examined, through in-depth interviews, a local WhatsApp group operating in a community adjacent to the Israel–Gaza border. Findings revealed the unique emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies people use when facing ongoing threats. Four affordances—immediacy, reachability, mobility, and multimediality—contributed to WhatsApp’s role as a shared and ubiquitous coping resource. This study demonstrates the ways in which instant messaging communication affordances contribute to communal coping strategies in ongoing conflict areas.
Media attention, dependency, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviours during the outbreak of COVID-19: A constructive journalism perspective
Authors: Gong Jiankun , Zanuddin Hasmah , Hou Weipeng , Xu Jinghong
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption not only in the global health and economic sectors, but also in the field of journalism. As media has played and continues to play a pivotal role in disseminating information during the pandemic crisis, it is critical to examine how media influences the behaviour of their target audience. Subsequently, this study aimed to examine the relationship between media attention, dependency, self-efficacy, and prosocial behaviours amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 905 participants from China responded to the survey questionnaire, the data from which was analysed via SPSS-AMOS v.23. The results indicated a significant correlation between media attention and self-efficacy. Likewise, media dependency is correlated with self-efficacy. Media attention, dependency, and self-efficacy demonstrated significant effects on prosocial attitudes and behaviours. Subsequently, this study showed that self-efficacy mediates the effects of media attention and dependency on prosocial behaviour. At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings of this study could serve as a guide to media practitioners in shaping the behaviour of their audience through meaningful and responsible information dissemination.
Humor Use in School Settings: The Perceptions of Teachers
Authors: Şahin Ahmet
Published: June 2021

This study investigated teachers’ use of humor in school settings. Eleven lower secondary school teachers from different branches volunteered in this qualitative study. I collected data through individual, face-to-face interviews and used content and descriptive analysis methods for data analysis. In conclusion, the participants mostly said that they generally used positive humor types for useful goals in school settings. The results regarding the participants’ goals of humor usage indicated that using positive humor types in the styles of affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor can be useful for managerial and pedagogical efficiency in schools. As for the results of the metaphorical analysis, participants mainly use positive humor and, to some extent, situational humor. Affiliative humor style was the most preferred one. The results also implied that some participants use self-enhancing humor style and aggressive humor style as well. Overall, this research offers a more complete and detailed understanding of teachers’ use of humor in school settings and can be used to guide teachers and school administrators who want to use humor effectively in both managerial and educational contexts.
Pro-Poor Tourism and Local Practices: An Empirical Study of an Autonomous County in China
Authors: Wen Shixian , Cai Xiaomei , Li Jun (Justin)
Published: June 2021

Pro-poor tourism increases net benefits for the poor or directs profits back into the community by employing local staff and manufacturing. Existing studies have provided a theoretical understanding of how pro-poor tourism can produce environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts. Little research has been conducted on the power dynamics that are specific to pro-poor tourism, especially in developing countries. This study contributes to pro-poor tourism theory from an operation-level perspective by addressing the alignment and coordination of three stakeholders—local governments, tourism enterprises, and community residents—involved in implementing pro-poor tourism in an ethnic, autonomous county in southern China. The results indicate that in the absence of effective cooperation between the three major stakeholders in strategic tourism development aimed at poverty alleviation, substantially greater benefits will not be delivered to the poor. The findings of this study offer important insights into the roles that stakeholders could play at various stages of sustainable development in the long run. This study can also provide useful information to governments for policy replacements and adjustments.
Book review: Ajantha S. Dharmasiri (Ed.), HRM for Managers: A Learning Guide (Second Edition)
Authors: Dewasiri N. J.  , Iddagoda Anuradha
Published: June 2021

Ajantha S. Dharmasiri (Ed.), HRM for Managers: A Learning Guide (Second Edition). Postgraduate Institute of Management (PIM), 2019, 248 pp. (Paperback), ISBN: 978-9558969243.
Book review: George W. Norton, Jeffrey Alwang and William A. Masters, Economics of Agricultural Development (Second Edition)
Authors: Turrey Aijaz Ahmad
Published: June 2021

George W. Norton, Jeffrey Alwang and William A. Masters, Economics of Agricultural Development (Second Edition). USA and Canada: Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group), 2010, 465 pp. ISBN: 978-0-415-49424-3.
Biologic Association Annual Summit: 2020 Report
Authors: Frank Rachel M. , Sherman Seth L. , Chahla Jorge , Dragoo Jason L. , Mandelbaum Bert ,   Members of the Biologic Association, Anz Adam W. , Bradley James P. , Chu Constance R. , Cole Brian J. , Farr Jack , Flanigan David C. , Gomoll Andreas H. , Halbrecht Joanne , Horsch Kay , Lattermann Christian , Leucht Philipp , Maloney William J. , McIntyre Louis F. , Murray Iain , Muschler George F. , Nakamura Norimasa , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Rodeo Scott A. , Saris Daniel B.F. , Shaffer William O. , Shapiro Shane A. , Spindler Kurt P. , Steinwachs Matthias , Tokish John M. , Vangsness C. Thomas , Watson John Tracy , Yanke Adam B. , Zaslav Kenneth R.
Published: June 2021

Interest and research in biologic approaches for tissue healing are exponentially growing for a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. The recent hype concerning musculoskeletal biological therapies (including viscosupplementation, platelet-rich plasma, and cellular therapies, or “stem cells”) is driven by several factors, including demand by patients promising regenerative evidence supported by substantial basic and translational work, as well as commercial endeavors that complicate the scientific and lay understanding of biological therapy outcomes. While significant improvements have been made in the field, further basic and preclinical research and well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to better elucidate the optimal indications, processing techniques, delivery, and outcome assessment. Furthermore, biologic treatments may have potential devastating complications when proper methods or techniques are ignored. For these reasons, an association comprising several scientific societies, named the Biologic Association (BA), was created to foster coordinated efforts and speak with a unified voice, advocating for the responsible use of biologics in the musculoskeletal environment in clinical practice, spearheading the development of standards for treatment and outcomes assessment, and reporting on the safety and efficacy of biologic interventions. This article will introduce the BA and its purpose, provide a summary of the 2020 first annual Biologic Association Summit, and outline the future strategic plan for the BA.
Cystic fibrosis in South Africa: spectrum of disease and determinants of outcome
Authors: Zampoli Marco , Verstraete Janine , Frauendorf Marlize , Kassanjee Reshma , Workman Lesley , Morrow Brenda M. , Zar Heather J.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Little is known about cystic fibrosis (CF) in low- to middle-income settings. This study aimed to describe the spectrum and outcomes of CF in South Africa (SA) from the recently established SA CF registry (SACFR).

Methods

Demographic, diagnosis and clinical data were extracted from the SACFR. Cross-sectional univariable and multivariable regression analysis of best forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; age≥6 years) and nutrition (all ages) in 2018 was conducted to investigate factors associated with severe lung disease (SLD; FEV1≤3.0 z-score) and undernutrition.

Results

By December 2018, ancestry of 447 individuals included in the SACFR was Caucasian (315; 70%), mixed (87; 19%) and black African (41; 9%). Median diagnosis age was 7.6 months (IQR 2.7–37.1). Genotype was p.Phe508del homozygous (220; 49%); p.Phe508del heterozygous (144; 32%) and neither p.Phe508del or unknown Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) variant in 83 (19%); the second most frequentCFTRvariant was 3120+1G>A, common in black Africans. Median age of patients in 2018 was 14.7 years (IQR 7.4–24.4). SLD was independently associated with chronic methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (adjusted odds ratio( aOR) 16.75; 95% CI 1.74–161.50), undernutrition (aOR 5.20; 95% CI 2.23–12.13) and age (aOR 2.23 per 10 years; 95% CI 1.50–3.31). Undernutrition was associated in univariable analysis with low weight at diagnosis, non-Caucasian ancestry, chronicP. aeruginosainfection and lower socioeconomic status.

Conclusion

Interventions targeting MRSA infection and nutrition are needed to improve CF outcomes in SA. Most people with CF in SA are eligible for highly effective CFTR modulator therapy.