bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La colisión entre la justicia comunal y la justicia ordinaria, en el delito de tenencia ilegal de armas de fuego en la etnia Awajún
Authors: Bardales del Aguila Lionel
Published: November 2021

El estudio tiene como propósito analizar la colisión de la justicia comunal entre la etnia Awajún y la justicia ordinaria, el mismo se desarrolla en la provincia de Rioja, región San Martín. La investigación es de tipo aplicada y descriptiva, la población y muestra de estudio la conformaron 458 pobladores Awajun, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta; se entrevistó a cinco Apus (Jefes) de las comunidades nativas y a siete autoridades vinculadas con la justicia ordinaria, asimismo; se analizaron expedientes y sentencias aplicadas sobre el tema vinculado al derecho penal positivo y la aplicación de la eximente sobre error culturalmente condicionado en el caso A1.  Los resultados indican: Que el 91% de los pobladores Awajún utilizan armas de fuego con fines de caza y seguridad, formando parte de su costumbre y tradición. Los Apus, afirman que los pobladores no conocen los procedimientos sobre el registro de armas de fuego. El 96% de pobladores prefiere la justicia comunal y el 70% cree que la tenencia de armas de fuego debe resolverlo la justicia indígena. En conclusión, pese a los esfuerzos de las autoridades judiciales de la región San Martín por establecer políticas de coordinación entre ambos sistemas de justicia; las contradicciones y conflictos persisten, motivados generalmente por la prevalencia del monismo jurídico y la concepción positivista de los operadores de justicia.
La relación entre la aplicación del principio de oportunidad y el delito de omisión a la asistencia familiar, en la Primera Fiscalía Provincial Penal Corporativa de Tarapoto, 2019
Authors: Velásquez Caro Xina Clara
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad determinar cuál es la relación existente entre la aplicación del principio de oportunidad y el delito de omisión a la asistencia familiar; en la Primera Fiscalía Provincial Penal Corporativa de Tarapoto, 2019. La investigación realizada es de  tipo aplicada, nivel explicativo, diseño no experimental; donde la muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 73 carpetas fiscales; aplicando como técnicas de recojo de información el análisis documental y como instrumento la ficha de análisis documental; siendo las variables sometidas al estudio: el principio de oportunidad y el delito de omisión a la asistencia familiar, a fin de determinar cuál era la relación existente entre ambas, las mismas que dieron como resultado: alta y significada, definida por el estadístico del correlacional de Pearson que asume un valor de 0.814 con un nivel de significancia de 0.01, y asimismo muestran  que la aplicación del principio de oportunidad en los casos de omisión a la asistencia Familiar  logra un 100% de efectividad del pago, es decir que aproximadamente 8 de cada 10 casos se cumple con el pago de las pensiones adeudadas  de forma inmediata y total, existiendo solo una suerte de no uniformidad respecto a las características de quienes se encuentran en calidad de imputados en el delito de omisión a la asistencia familiar.
La desafortunada elección del Procurador
Authors: Villacorta Zuluaga Carmen Elena
Published: November 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 53, No. 597-598, 1998: 675-678.
Classifying AI Systems
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Aiken Catherine
Published: November 2021

This brief explores the development and testing of artificial intelligence system classification frameworks intended to distill AI systems into concise, comparable and policy-relevant dimensions. Comparing more than 1,800 system classifications, it points to several factors that increase the utility of a framework for human classification of AI systems and enable AI system management, risk assessment and governance.
Medication Administration With Inhalers or Nebulizers
Authors: Than Khai , Grobelna Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

Delivery of medication via metered-dose inhalers to children or adults with asthma, or adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at emergency departments or intensive care units, may be as effective as nebulizers in terms of clinical parameters and health care resource use.

Limited data on adverse events showed no significant differences between metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers.

No evidence was found on the clinical effectiveness of dry powder inhalers in comparison with nebulizers or metered-dose inhalers.

No evidence was found on the cost-effectiveness of medication administration via metered-dose inhalers, nebulizers, or dry powder inhalers in comparison with each other.

No evidence-based guidelines with recommendations regarding the comparative use of metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, or nebulizers for administration of medication were identified.
Risperidone for Extended-Release Injectable Suspension (Perseris)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: November 2021

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses risperidone for extended-release injectable suspension (Perseris), powder for suspension, 90 mg or 120 mg subcutaneous injection.

Indication: Treatment of schizophrenia in adults.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Media Video Promosi Penjualan Dodol Di Desa Lama Hamparan Perak
Authors: Manesah Dani , Alfathoni Muhammad Ali Mursid
Published: November 2021

Desa Lama terletak pada salah satu Kecamatan Hamparan Perak, Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Bapak Sabarudin dan beberapa anggota yang terdapat di Desa Lama Hamparan Perak yaitu memproduksi makanan tradisional berjenis dodol. Meskipun hanya makanan tradisional namun makanan tersebut tidak kalah bersaing ditengah makanan yang populer di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Namun terdapat salah satu masalah yaitu terkait promosi yang dilakukan oleh Bapak Sabarudin dan anggota, masih menggunakan cara manual dan hanya dilakukan dari mulut ke mulut saja. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu melakukan observasi, interview, pendekatan dan pelatihan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini untuk memudahkan dalam proses pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dalam pembuatan video promosi. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai dari tahap persiapan pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi yang berfokus pada keterampilan dalam membuat sebuah promosi penjualan menggunakan media video. Sementara hasil yang didapat dalam kegiatan dan pelatihan pemanfaatan media video sebagai sarana promosi yaitu untuk meningkatkan penyerapan dan pemasukan bagi Bapak Sabarudin dan anggota. Sebelum diadakan pelatihan ini promosi dodol hanya melalui mulut ke mulut. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bermanfaat bagi pelaku usaha pembuatan dodol di Desa Lama Kecamatan Hamparan Perak.
Pelatihan Internet Sehat Sebagai Antisipasi Cyber Bullying Anak Remaja di Panti Asuhan “Kemala Puji” Bandar Lampung
Authors: KURNIA FADILA  , Sabita Hary , Putri Anandha Sartika , Triloka Joko
Published: November 2021

The background of foster children in Kemala Puji orphanage are mostly from poor families, orphans, neglected, and homeless child. The institution have been serve, nurture, and empower by providing them a sufficient living. Hence, it still needs a better improvement. This is because these children deserve to be made for the next generation. This activity aims to rise of social care between humanity in adolescents, especially for children in the orphanage. This have been done by imparting knowledge to them about healthy internet. Moreover, its increases understanding how to use the internet more healthily, properly and to anticipate of cyber bullying against them. The outcome of training activities are the youth children have been understood how to use a healthy internet, and they have been sufficient skills how to use internet which was given during the training.
EL MÉTODO DE PROYECTOS COMO VEHÍCULO PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE COMPETENCIAS CLAVE Y SOSTENIBILIDAD
Authors: Rubio Leiva Ana María , Álvarez Martínez-Iglesias José María , Molina Saorín Jesús
Published: November 2021

Partiendo de un análisis exhaustivo del Método de Proyectos, se plantea la implementación de esta metodología en la materia de Tecnología en 4º de la ESO; siendo la temática de aplicación la sostenibilidad en la vivienda y el ahorro energético. Se trata del diseño, planificación y construcción de un dispositivo de protección solar en fachada aplicando los contenidos del currículo para su posterior implementación en el aula. De esta forma, a través de la realización de un proyecto concreto, mediante la experiencia y el trabajo colaborativo, se dota al alumno de autonomía, poder de decisión y la capacidad de afrontar obstáculos proponiendo soluciones; así como la adquisición de conocimientos relativos a la energía, el ahorro energético y la sostenibilidad en la vivienda. Esta propuesta metodológica ha sido llevada a la práctica, a través de la construcción del dispositivo diseñado en la materia de Tecnología. Con ello se refuerza la validez del Método de Proyectos como metodología idónea para la adquisición de competencias, así como de conocimientos relativos a la sostenibilidad y el ahorro energético.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE KUDO BOX COMO TÉCNICA DE MOTIVACIÓN DE EQUIPOS
Authors: Ruiz-Nicolás Jesús , Belmonte María Luisa
Published: November 2021

La comunicación fluida y recíproca entre empleados dentro de una empresa supone una oportunidad de enriquecimiento intrapersonal y un escenario ideal, no solo para el aprendizaje, sino para la puesta en práctica y creación de nuevo conocimiento. Este mecanismo implica una mejora de la motivación y rendimiento de los implicados, suponiendo a su vez un avance de la organización en materia de innovación y una posible reducción de coste. La técnica Kudo Box es una de las prácticas del Management 3.0 que contribuye a desarrollar la motivación de los equipos. Esta constituye un método sencillo y eficaz para recompensar a los miembros de una organización. Su foco de actuación es el de la motivación intrínseca del grupo para fomentar las buenas relaciones, el aumento de la visibilidad o el reconocimiento del esfuerzo. A través de esta investigación evaluativa centrada en conocer la perspectiva de los profesionales de la empresa de consultoría, Innovación TIC y servicios tecnológicos de la Universidad de Murcia, TICARUM, sobre el empleo de esta técnica, se evidencia que, a nivel global, estos poseen una buena percepción de la experiencia que han llevado a cabo con dicha práctica motivacional, siendo concretamente las mujeres las que mejor percepción tienen acerca de su pertinencia y los profesionales más mayores, los que más reacios se muestran al uso de esta técnica.
Mobile phone surveys
Authors: Vehovar Vasja , Belak Eva , Batagelj Zenel , Čikić Sanja
Published: November 2021

In 2004, the number of mobile phone subscriptions in Slovenia reached the total number of inhabitants. Consequently, the fixed telephone coverage has started to decline; almost 10% of households are now available only over the mobile phone. With this, Slovenia positions itself as a typical EU country and can serve as a case study for issues related to mobile phone interview surveys. The paper addresses the general context of mobile phone usage and the calculations of mobile phone coverage rates. It also discusses the non-coverage problems related to mobile and mobile-only households. It is shown, that even with a relatively small non-coverage the corresponding estimates can be considerably biased, as in the case of the unemployment rate in the Slovenian Labour Force Survey. There are severe methodological problems with mobile phone interview surveys. In particular, a pilot mobile phone survey confirmed the disadvantages of costs, frames and response rates, at least when compared to fixed telephone surveys. In addition, the response rates are dramatically lower for less intensive mobile phone users. The comparisons of respondents in mobile phone surveys with the corresponding sub-samples in Labour Force Surveys and in fixed telephone surveys revealed some specific discrepancies in the socio-demographic structure. Due to non-coverage, the respondents in the mobile phone survey tend to be younger, higher educated, from larger households and are represented by a larger share of males. The non-response mechanism can additionally reinforce these effects (e.g, gender), however it can also cancel them (e.g., age, household size). Special complexity arises from the diverse effects of the non-response components (refusal vs. non-contact). According to their attitudes towards mobile phone use, mobile phone users compose three distinct segments (intensive pragmatic and emotional users, less intensive users) that may behave differentially also during the mobile phone survey process.
Synthesis method of two translational compliant mechanisms with redundant actuation
Authors: Li Shihua , Zhou Yajie , Shan Yanxia , Chen Shuang , Han Jinhan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the fields of electronic packaging, micromanipulation, scanning, and two
translational (2T) mechanisms are required, especially with high stiffness,
for a large workspace, with good driving stability, and other occasions. Redundant actuators are required to improve the performance of the 2T compliant parallel mechanism. The novelty of the work is to propose a new method for the type synthesis of a 2T redundant actuated compliant parallel mechanism based on the freedom and constraint topology (FACT) approach and the atlas approach. The synthesis conditions are given, and the synthesis process is formulated. With this method, new 2T redundant actuated compliant parallel mechanisms are synthesized. Some new mechanisms have been synthesized, which enriches the compliant parallel mechanism configurations. Based on the atlas method, the synthesized mechanism is analyzed. The results verify the correctness and effective of the synthesis method. The method is also suitable for a type of synthesis of redundant actuated compliant parallel mechanisms with 3, 4, 5, and 6 degrees of freedom (DOF), respectively.
Anaerobic corrosion of carbon steel in compacted bentonite exposed to natural Opalinus clay porewater: Bentonite alteration study
Authors: Morelová Nikoleta , Dardenne Kathy , Finck Nicolas , Heberling Frank , Metz Volker , Schild Dieter , Geckeis Horst , Diomidis Nikitas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Carbon steel is a potential canister material for the disposal of high-level
radioactive waste in deep geological repositories in clays and clay
rocks. Bentonite is considered as a potential backfill material for those
multi-barrier systems. To predict the long-term performance and for safety assessment the knowledge
of canister corrosion behavior is important. The corrosion products formed and
mineralogically altered bentonite at the canister/bentonite interface can
potentially provide an additional barrier against radionuclide migration. In-situ corrosion experiments were performed at the Mont Terri underground
research laboratory. Coupons of carbon steel were embedded in Volclay MX-80
bentonite with controlled densities, installed in a borehole under simulated
repository and anaerobic conditions and exposed to natural Opalinus clay
porewater for a period up to 5.5 years (Smart et al., 2017). In the present
study, the bentonite layer at the canister/bentonite interface was
characterized by complementary microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (XPS,
SEM-EDX, µXANES) under anoxic conditions. The interface revealed reddish-brown staining up to 2 mm depth into
the bentonite in the zone adjacent to the steel in all three obtained
samples. The XPS analysis revealed formation of sulfides at the interface
consisting of iron and other trace metals present in the steel. The SEM-EDX
analyses of the interface (embedded cross-cut with steel removed) showed
different degrees of calcium enrichment in the bentonite adjacent to the metal
for various samples. The µXRF analysis performed on the bentonite at the interface
showed a scarce or distinct calcium-enriched rim up to 100 µm into
the bentonite and iron-enriched rim depending on the sample (one sample in
Fig. 1), while µXANES analysis revealed formation of iron silicate
compounds in the reacted reddish-brown zone. The iron appears to displace
calcium from the interlayer sites in montmorillonite. The calcium then
precipitates at the interface as calcite. The extent of this process seems to
be strongly related to the bentonite density. The steel coupon was removed
prior to embedding, with the location marked as resin in Fig. 1. A line scan
from the edge towards the bulk bentonite did not indicate any systematic
gradient in the Fe2+/3+ ratio. The formation of mixed
Fe2+/3+ silicate compounds appears to be heterogeneous. This work contributes to an increasing understanding of steel corrosion
mechanisms in clay, which can improve the robustness of canister lifetime
predictions.
Diffusive transport of uranium and americium through clay rock down to ultra-trace levels
Authors: Glückman Daniel , Hain Karin , Joseph Claudia , Metz Volker , Quinto Francesca , Steier Peter , Geckeis Horst
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Clay rock is a potential host rock for the final disposal of nuclear
waste in deep geological formations. In the scenario of ground water
intrusion into the nuclear waste repository and subsequent corrosion
of canisters and waste, possibly released actinides, such as uranium
(U) and americium (Am), would be transported through the engineered
barrier and clay host rock mainly by diffusion. Actinides are known to
exhibit low solubility and are strongly sorbing under the reducing
conditions of deep geological formations. Diffusion experiments are
therefore difficult to perform due to analytical constraints. To our
knowledge, the diffusion of U in clay rock has not been investigated
below concentrations of 10-7molkg-1 clay (e.g., Joseph et al., 2013) and for Am, no diffusion experiments have been performed in a clay rock, considered suitable as host rock, such as Opalinus clay (OPA). This work aimed at the investigation of the diffusive behavior of U
and Am down to ultra-trace concentrations (≪10-7molkg-1) in OPA. Laboratory-scale diffusion
experiments were conducted with samples of OPA, obtained from the Mont
Terri underground laboratory, Switzerland for up to 240 d. The OPA
samples were placed in contact with synthetic pore water
(I=0.22molL-1, pH=7.24), spiked with
5×10-9molL-1 of 233U and 243Am, respectively. After termination of
the experiment, the OPA samples were segmented into thin layers of
20–400 µm. The obtained clay segments were
analyzed for the 233U and 243Am content with accelerator mass spectrometry. Concentration profiles were determined down to 10-12molkg-1 clay for 233U and
5×10-10molkg-1 clay for 243Am. U showed a typical diffusion profile which can be interpreted by applying Fick's laws, while the Am profile was more complex, requiring further investigation of transport modes. These results will provide relevant insights into the transport behavior of U and Am in OPA over a wide range of concentrations down to ultra-trace levels.
Geochemical benchmark tests to validate the conversion of thermodynamic data for TOUGHREACT
Authors: Weyand Torben , Seher Holger , Bracke Guido
Published: November 2021

Abstract. According to the ongoing site selection process for a repository for
high-level radioactive waste in Germany, rock salt, clay and crystalline rock
are possible host rocks. The pore water of these rocks contains saline
solutions with high ionic strengths. To model the speciation and/or migration
of radionuclides in long-term safety analyses for nuclear waste disposal, a
geochemical code that includes thermodynamic data suitable for saline
solutions is needed. Thermodynamic equilibrium in saline solutions with high
ionic strengths is usually modelled using the Pitzer approach (Pitzer,
1991). Within the context of nuclear waste disposal, the THEREDA project (Moog et
al., 2015) provides thermodynamic data for some widely used geochemical codes
(PHREEQC, Geochemist's Workbench, ChemApp, and EQ 3/6) using the Pitzer
approach; however, for modelling in long-term safety analyses for nuclear
waste disposal, another geochemical code, TOUGHREACT, is used. Therefore,
scripts were developed to convert thermodynamic data of the THEREDA project to
be applicable in TOUGHREACT. The scripts were validated by benchmark tests and by comparing calculations
using PHREEQC and TOUGHREACT (Weyand et al., 2021). In total, 50 different
benchmark tests were performed considering 3 specific geochemical systems,
which are relevant to long-term safety analyses: (1) oceanic salt system,
polythermal: K, Mg, Ca, Cl, SO4, H2O(l), (2) actinide system,
isothermal: Am(III), Cm(III), Nd(III), Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, OH, H2O(l) and
(3) carbonate system, isothermal: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, SO4,
HCO3/CO2(g), H2O(l). Each benchmark test considered specific
ion concentrations in solution and in gaseous phases in the presence of
specific minerals. The benchmark tests derived the geochemical equilibria and
the results of both codes were compared to each other and to experimental
data. The results of the calculations using both codes showed a good
correlation. Remaining deviations can be explained by technical differences of
the codes.
Numerical Analysis of the integrity of potential host rocks – modelling thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in the containment providing rock zone
Authors: Guevara Morel​​​​​​​ Carlos , Maßmann Jobst , Thiedau Jan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste in deep geological formations is an internationally
accepted concept. Several repository systems are under discussion in Germany, whereby claystone, salt
or crystalline rock could act as the host rock. In this contribution we focus on repository systems where the
Containment Providing Rock Zone (CRZ) ensures safe enclosure of the waste and thus the geologic barrier is
essential. Even though the various rock types considered differ substantially in their mechanical, hydraulic, thermal
and chemical behavior, they must all meet the same safety requirements as defined by the German Federal
Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) in 2020. As part of these
safety requirements, it must be shown that the integrity of the CRZ is guaranteed for the verification period, i.e.
the retention of the properties essential for the containment capacities must be demonstrated over 1 million years.
Therefore, the formation of new pathways must be avoided and temperature development must not significantly
impair the barrier effect. The anticipated stresses and fluid pressures should not exceed the dilatancy strength
and the fluid pressure capacity, respectively. In order to assess the compliance of these requirements, numerical
modelling is an essential and powerful tool. Even though great progress has been made regarding the efficiency of computational
methods, multiphysical modelling on different length scales over long time periods is still a challenging task. Moreover, since readily
available solutions do not exist, adapted methods have to be developed and evaluated, in order to verify concepts and numerical
implementations. The BGR gained experience in the field of thermal, hydraulic, mechanical (THM) numerical analysis of the integrity of the CRZ in salt rock
and clay stone joined research projects on German disposal options. For crystalline rocks, first concepts are currently being developed
within the CHRISTA II project. Compared to clay stone and salt rock, special features have to be taken into account: First of all, crystalline
rock is characterized by fractures and other discontinuities. Thus, it cannot be assumed that an undisturbed
area of sufficient size can be found for the entire nuclear waste. Consequently, several smaller CRZs must be
defined, each providing undisturbed rock. Numerical analysis must deal with smaller CRZs and mechanical and
hydraulic boundary conditions that are influenced by fractures. In addition, the processes in the individual CRZs
may influence each other (e.g. Temperature distribution). Preliminary modelling approaches and results of numerical THM analyses,
considering an upscaled fracture network, are presented.
Deciphering porosity clogging at barrier interfaces in deep geological repositories for radioactive waste
Authors: Lönartz Mara I. , Poonoosamy Jenna , Yang Yuankai , Ait-Mouheb Naila , Deissmann Guido , Bosbach Dirk
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The disposal of spent nuclear fuels and high-level radioactive wastes in deep
geological repositories represents one of the greatest scientific-technical
and societal challenges of our times. Most disposal concepts rely on a
multibarrier system, consisting of a combination of engineered materials,
geotechnical and geological barriers to provide a safe containment of the
radioactive waste to protect humans and the environment against dangers
arising from ionizing radiation. A reliable safety assessment of a deep
geological repository over assessment time scales of several 100 000 years
requires a profound and comprehensive understanding of the complex coupled
physical (thermal, hydraulic, mechanical), chemical and biogeochemical
(THM/CB) processes that govern the long-term evolution of the repository
system. As a result of thermal and chemical gradients at the interfaces of different
components and materials of the multi-barrier system (e.g. interfaces between
metallic waste containers and bentonite backfill or between structural
concrete and clay host rock), mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions
are promoted; thus the (local) porosity, the volume filled with gas and/or
water, can increase or decrease leading to changes in the macroscopic
transport properties of the respective media. Although a reduction of the
porosity (porosity clogging) appears to be desirable to inhibit radionuclide
migration, it can also be detrimental, particularly in the case of gas
pressure build-up due to canister corrosion or bacterial activity. So far, porosity clogging at barrier interfaces and associated consequences on
solute or gas transport remain poorly understood; currently used mathematical
descriptions of porosity clogging in reactive transport codes usually fail to
capture respective experimental observations (Chagneau et al., 2015; Deng et
al., 2021). In this context, we are developing a “lab-on-a-chip” set-up,
which combines time lapse optical microscopy imaging and in operando Raman
spectroscopy (Poonoosamy et al., 2019, 2020) to determine
(i) whether complete clogging is possible and permanent, (ii) which parameters
control the porosity clogging and (iii) which changes in transport properties
of porous media are induced due to porosity clogging. Our approach comprises
micronized counterdiffusion experiments with in situ visualization and
monitoring of the evolution of mineralogy and microstructure/pore architecture
with time. Complementary pore scale modelling will be used to derive key
relationships that describe changes in transport properties due to mineral
precipitation-induced porosity clogging. This approach will help to improve
reactive transport codes and their predictive capabilities thus enhancing
confidence and reduce uncertainties in long-term predictions, leading to more
realistic descriptions of the evolution of complex repository systems.
Explanations for the development of a novel universally inside pipe separator for dismantling (contaminated) pipelines
Authors: Bachmann Madeleine , Gentes Sascha
Published: November 2021

Abstract. During the operation and dismantling of nuclear facilities, individual
pipelines must always be removed due to leaks because of the end of their maximum service life or the dismantling of the plant. In practice, this activity, which at first glance appears simple, is associated with many challenges due to limited space or the fact that the pipelines run through walls, despite various solutions that are available on the market. Therefore, the aim of the joint research project “RoTre” (Development of a novel universally inside pipe separator for dismantling contaminated pipelines) between KIT, Siempelkamp NIS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and RWE Nuclear GmbH is the
development of an innovative and competitive inside pipe
separator for use in decommissioning
and dismantling of nuclear facilities with a wide range of applications for
various pipe diameters, wall strengths and materials (Fig. 1). An amendment
will be the forward cleaning, whereby metal chips or other components can be captured continuously. Besides the dismantling in areas which are difficult to access, such as pipelines set in concrete or pipelines that cannot be drilled over their full length, dismantling should be possible in air and under water. After application, the system can be decontaminated. In order to separate pipes made out of different materials with various wall thicknesses, the development of a universally applicable test stand is planned in order to achieve the scientific work objectives. Among other things, it should be determined whether a sawing or an abrasive cutting process is more suitable for cutting inside pipes. Building on this, the parameters of the separation process are
tested in a parameter study to achieve the smallest possible process forces
with a universal applicability. Relevant parameters are the geometry
parameters of the cutting unit like the saw tooth shape, the composition of
the cutting wheel, as well as the process parameters in the form of infeed,
cutting speed and tool speed. The cutting quality achieved by the different
tools with the setting of the machine parameters is also an evaluation
criterion for the selection of the cutting process.
What happens when the nuclear power plant goes? Social and economic consequences of dismantling for the site and its population
Authors: Kramer Caroline
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This project deals with the question of what the overall social and economic consequences of dismantling a nuclear power station are for the population and the site. Various disciplines and specialist fields are concerned with questions that touch on the topic of dismantling nuclear technical facilities; however, there are so far no research projects that examined these processes from social scientific, geographic and engineering scientific perspectives. This article concentrates predominantly on the former perspective of the dismantling. Within the framework of this project the affected population and experts from the communities were asked how they deal with the dismantling of the nuclear power stations, which were triggered by the rapid change in energy policy following the accident in Fukushima in 2011. It became clear that there were various strategies for dealing with this process depending on the location. This was the reason to follow up the question of coping with this process at different locations. It could be shown, for example, that the consequences of this event were essentially determined by how the community was already positioned beforehand, e.g. whether the economic situation was a monostructure or whether long-term considerations about the future had already been made during the operating time of the power station. At the individual level, the “prerequisites” in the sense of individual value orientation and the spatially related identity, were also essentially responsible for how the risks of the dismantling and the further development of the community were perceived and evaluated. Furthermore, it was compiled from where the people extracted their information, which sources had a high or low credibility, which worries they have with respect to the near future and whether they have the intention to leave the community. In this project it became clear that there were examples of best practice with respect to dealing with this rapid and fundamental change at the locations.
Development of a novel tool for automation of the contamination measurement
Authors: Wernke Alena , Gentes Sascha
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Considering that about 100 000 m2 of wall area per nuclear
facility must be decontaminated (Hübner et al., 2017), the automation of mechanical decontamination work offers high potential to support people in performing their work and reduce errors in the decommissioning process. Furthermore, the exposure potential for people in contaminated environments is reduced and they are protected from health hazards (Petereit et al., 2019). In the ROBDEKON project, a competence center is being established in Germany to develop practical robotic systems for decontamination work in hazardous environments. To this end, four research institutions are working with industrial partners on the development of (partially) autonomous robotic systems for the decommissioning and decontamination of nuclear facilities, the handling of waste, and the remediation of landfills and contaminated sites (Petereit et al., 2019). At the Institute for Technology and Management in Construction (KIT-TMB), the focus is on development of an automated solution for the (clearance) measurement of near-surface contaminations. A mobile elevating working platform is used as the robotic platform with a contamination array as the tool. The array measures the surface activity on the wall areas and verifies compliance with the thresholds. The contamination array is based on two sensor concepts: measurement and localization. Up to four hand-held contamination-measuring devices are attached to the array to parallelize the measurement. In order to avoid damaging the sensitive detector window foil of the contamination probes, the wall surface to be measured is first examined for imperfections with the help of a laser scanner. For localization of the array, up to four laser sensors are used for distance measurements. Measurement results are automatically saved after each measurement in a table specific to the measurement method and are available to users for documentation purposes at any time. In the further course of the project, the measurement results depending on the radiation level will be overlaid with a geometric 3D environment mapping.
Workshop: Best-practice for laboratory testing low-permeable materials
Authors: Laurich Ben , Hesser Jürgen , Mayr Sibylle , Winhausen Lisa , Ghanizadeh Amin , Nitsch Antonia , Leuthold Julia , Weber Christian , Gaus Garri
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The testing of low-permeable materials is challenging. Yet, for the disposal of radioactive waste, it is essential, too. This workshop is aimed at gathering ambitious scientists to discuss and to collaborate on their experiences in the laboratory testing of low-permeable materials. The focus here is on the methods:
What method is best for what kind of low-permeable host rock (salt/clay) and for what kind of technical barrier material (bentonite/crushed salt)? How can measurement errors be correctly determined? What are the crucial “bottlenecks” in the device setups? How can high porous but low permeable samples best be pre-saturated? How can coupled flow and cumbersome gas traps in the tests be dealt with? What is the best-practice analysis of permeability from pressure decay recordings? Is there a hope of defining a standardized procedure for low-permeability testing?
These points will be reflected in the light of radioactive waste disposal and in the need to find a best-practice solution when it comes to eventual evaluation and comparison of potential underground disposal sites.
What do we need to trust in models?
Authors: Kock Ingo , Navarro Martin , Eckel Jens , Rücker Carsten , Hotzel Stephan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Scientists working with numerical models may notice that their presentations of numerical results to non-specialists sometimes unfold substantial persuasive power. It seems obvious that someone has worked intensively on a topic, bundled information and solved complicated equations on a high-performance computer. The final result is a number, a curve or a three-dimensional representation. The computer has made no mistake, so the result can certainly be trusted. But can it? Those who do the modelling often know the weak points of their models and invest time in increasing the reliability of the model calculation. Trust in model calculations is usually based on rigorous quality assurance of data, programs, simulation calculations and result analyses. It requires appropriate handling of uncertainties. In view of the simplifications and idealizations of models it is also necessary to assess which model results are actually meaningful. Additionally, in most cases simplified or idealised models have been used and it is necessary to assess which model results are actually meaningful. We want to discuss what it takes to generate simulation results that can be considered reliable and how scientists can appropriately convey their confidence in their own models in discussions with the public. The framework of the discussion is provided by an introduction from Martin Navarro und Ingo Kock (BASE) and we are happy to have brief input from Thomas Nagel (TUBAF), Klaus-Jürgen Röhlig (TUC) and Wolfram Rühaak (BGE).
Public opinion in the site selection process: survey methodologies
Authors: Götte Sebastian , Seidl Roman , Breyer Ariane , Felder Zoë
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The aim of the site selection process (StandAV) is to find the repository site for high-level radioactive waste with the best possible safety. Transparency and public involvement contribute to ensuring that the outcome of the site selection process is “supported by a broad consensus in society and can thus also be tolerated by those affected” (StandAG § 5 para. 1). In order for the public to be suitably informed and involved, BASE (Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management), in particular, as the body responsible for public participation, must base its work on the knowledge, attitudes and needs of the German population. In order to gain the respective knowledge, the company aproxima Gesellschaft für Markt- und Sozialforschung Weimar mbH was commissioned to conduct a repetitive representative survey (research project EWident). The study briefly deals with nuclear energy in general, but mainly focuses on questions related to the topic of final disposal (knowledge of the topic and especially the StandAV, interest in information and involvement, relevance of particular questions in the process, etc.). The first survey took place in summer 2020. A special focus was placed on the younger generation (14- to 29-year-olds). The results can be viewed on the BASE website (Götte and Ludewig, 2020). They show that the level of knowledge about and interest in StandAV are still rather feeble; at the same time, it is clear that questions of safety are a central driver for accepting a possible site in one's own region. A second survey is planned for autumn 2021. A comparably broadly drawn survey has not been carried out in recent years. However, the fact that the topic of final disposal is becoming increasingly important is shown by thematically related surveys that ask about attitudes towards nuclear energy or examine particular aspects of StandAV in more detail. Within the framework of the TRANSENS research association (Transdisciplinary Research on the Management of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Germany), for example, trust and confidence in the context of the site selection process were surveyed. The 60 min workshop is aimed at interested parties and researchers who would like to contribute their own experiences with related surveys. In the workshop we provide three incentives.
aproxima introduces the methods and key results of EWident's first survey. BASE gives an insight into the practical use of these results. Roman Seidl of Leibniz University Hannover reports the results of the TRANSENS survey.
Subsequently, we would like to discuss the following questions, among others, with the participants in the workshop. What is remarkable about the results? Do they differ from other StandAV surveys and experiences, and if so, how? How can this be explained? What further research needs can be identified? With what approaches could they be met?
Correlation of Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Hand Decontamination Practices of Medical Students
Authors: Naqvi Syeda Ghadeer Zehra , Jaffar Nazish , Zehra Syeda Aqeela , Ghani Rubina , Ali Hasan
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To determine the knowledge of MBBS students of a public sector medical university regarding hand hygiene and to assess the practical implication of their knowledge regarding hand hygiene during the clinical postings. Study Design and Setting: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC-JSMU) Karachi, from July to November 2018. Methodology: A total of 316 M.B.B.S students from first year to final year were included in the study. Students were equally divided into preclinical and clinical groups. Hence, the knowledge of preclinical and clinical students were compared in the present study. Age range of participants was 18 to 24 years and both male and female participants were involved. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Approximately 249 (78.8%) students agreed that hands of health care workers are a source of nosocomial infections. Nearly 293 (92.7%) students admitted that hand decontamination and gloving is necessary before bedside procedures. Only 61 (38.6%) students performed it routinely. Chief restricting factor in performance of hand hygiene was inadequate supply of hand hygiene resources as reported by 122 (77.2%) students. Conclusions: Majority of medical students in both preclinical and clinical groups were well aware of HH practices and its significant role in infection control. However, only a limited number of students routinely performed HH. The difference between knowledge and practice of students was mainly due to the inadequate facilities of hand washing in public sector hospitals
Pre-Pregnancy Obesity: A friend or foe for Vitamin D
Authors: Shahid Fareeha , Qureshi Farhan Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Vitamin D and its active metabolite 1,25 - dihydrooxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2D) has been generally recognized as repertoire of many classical (calcium balance and bone metabolism) and non-classical effects (non-calcium actions) such as promotion of insulin secretion and its action, immunomodulation
COVID-19: A Global Challenge and Its Remedy through Natural Foods
Authors:   Bahria Unviersity Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Bana Kiran Fatima Mehboob Ali , Rizvi Kulsoom Fatima , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 is indeed the crisis of the century. Previously unidentified coronavirus, (SARS-Severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2002-2003 and in the form of (MERS- CoV- 2 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2) in 2011 1 now named as COVID-19 emerged from Wuhan, China in late December 2019.
La Gestión por Cuenca en Costa Rica: genealogía y trayectoria de un concepto
Authors: Rodriguez Echavarría Tania
Published: November 2021

La Gestión Integrada del Recurso Hídrico (GIRH) así como la gestión por cuenca son conceptos y discursos que se difundieron e internacionalizaron desde la década de los años noventa. Organizaciones internacionales y el Banco Mundial promovieron la adecuación de las legislaciones nacionales a la luz de estos conceptos, presentándolos como la respuesta ideal a los problemas que enfrentaba el agua. El presente artículo, busca analizar la genealogía de estos conceptos, así como su aceptación casi generalizada por parte de gobiernos, de organismos internacionales y de académicos. Lo cual permitió que se convirtieran en un discurso hegemónico prácticamente incuestionable. Sin embargo, existen importantes críticas, las cuales advierten que estos conceptos no son neutrales y/o científicos, sino que son una decisión, una construcción política occidental y neoliberal. Con el fin de comprender como se aplicaron los conceptos GIRH y de gestión por cuenca en Costa Rica, se emprendió un proceso de investigación que implicó una importante revisión bibliográfica y de literatura gris de proyectos y de programas que promueven la GIRH. Además, se realizaron entrevistas a expertos, académicos, funcionarios públicos y a actores locales relacionados con el sector del agua.
Comentario. Augusto C. Sandino, una geopolítica decolonial
Authors: Midence Carlos
Published: November 2021

El nicaragüense Augusto C. Sandino, es reconocido por encabezar la férrea resistencia a una de las múltiples intervenciones de los Estados Unidos a Nicaragua en el siglo XX. Consiguió ases-tarle, con enorme desventaja bélica, su primera derrota al imperialismo estadounidense. Esta ha-zaña tuvo repercusión a nivel mundial, en su época y actualmente. No obstante, Sandino también encierra otra veta, tan significativa como la política-militar. Nos referimos a su faceta de pensa-dor, sujeto reflexivo que hilvana un corpus documental que sintetiza un pensamiento propio que gira en torno a temas transcendentales para su movimiento y tiempo, para la contemporanei-dad, su país, región e igualmente para el continente entero y más allá de su órbita. Su pensamien-to argumenta, delibera y reflexiona, sobre: Revolución, Nación, Soberanía y Geopolítica, desde una óptica alternativa, decolonial. Una geopolítica para la liberación, en contraposición a la geo-política occidental que está pensada para la guerra.
Yo emprendo, tu emprendes, nosotros emprendemos: la categoría de “emprendedorismo” en el discurso de Mauricio Macri
Authors: Otermin Browne Clara Ines
Published: November 2021

En el siguiente artículo se intentará demostrar la importancia que tuvo para el discurso político del expresidente argentino Mauricio Macri (2015-2019) la categoría de “emprendedorismo”. Para eso, se analizará su intervención en el acto realizado tras la promulgación de la Ley de emprendedores (2017) combinando tradiciones teóricas que se dedicaron al análisis del discurso político, a la comunicación política y elementos de la sociología weberiana y bourdesiana referidos al término “ethos”. Específicamente, se verá la forma en que fue utilizada esta noción para brindar definiciones acerca de su proyecto político-económico, de los distintos actores de la escena política y de su propia imagen. De esta forma, se busca contribuir al estudio del fenómeno del emprendedorismo en la Argentina contemporánea.