bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of consumption of animal milk compared to infant formula for non-breastfed/mixed-fed infants 6–11 months of age: a systematic review (protocol)
Authors: Imdad Aamer , Ehrlich Julie Melissa , Catania Joseph , Tanner-Smith Emily , Smith Abigail , Tsistinas Olivia , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Prevalence rates of breastfeeding remain low even though the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of life in combination with appropriate complementary feeding beyond six 6 months of age. There have been several studies that address the implication of drinking animal milk and/or infant formula on children’s health and development when breast feeding is not offered during the first year of life. Vast improvements have been made in infant formula design, which may increase its benefits compared with animal’s milk. The objective of this review is therefore to synthesise the most recent evidence on the effects of the consumption of animal milk compared with infant formula in non-breastfed or mixed breastfed infants aged 6–11 months.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the effect of animal milk compared with formula or mixed-fed (breastmilk and formula) on infants aged 6–11 months. The primary outcomes of interest include anaemia, gastrointestinal blood loss, weight for age, height for age and weight for height. We will include randomised and non-randomised studies with a control group. We will use the Cochrane risk of bias tools to assess the risk of bias. We will use meta-analysis to pool findings if the identified studies are conceptually homogenous and data are available from more than one study. We will assess the overall quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This is a systematic review, so no patients will be directly involved in the design or development of this study. The findings from this systematic review will be disseminated to relevant patient populations and caregivers and will guide the WHO’s recommendations on formula consumption versus animal milk in infants aged 6–11 months.

Trial registration number

CRD42020210925.
Image based analysis of meibomian gland dysfunction using conditional generative adversarial neural network
Authors: Khan Zakir Khan , Umar Arif Iqbal , Shirazi Syed Hamad , Rasheed Asad , Qadir Abdul , Gul Sarah
Published: February 2021

Objective

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a primary cause of dry eye disease. Analysis of MGD, its severity, shapes and variation in the acini of the meibomian glands (MGs) is receiving much attention in ophthalmology clinics. Existing methods for diagnosing, detection and analysing meibomianitis are not capable to quantify the irregularities to IR (infrared) images of MG area such as light reflection, interglands and intraglands boundaries, the improper focus of the light and positioning, and eyelid eversion.

Methods and analysis

We proposed a model that is based on adversarial learning that is, conditional generative adversarial network that can overcome these blatant challenges. The generator of the model learns the mapping from the IR images of the MG to a confidence map specifying the probabilities of being a pixel of MG. The discriminative part of the model is responsible to penalise the mismatch between the IR images of the MG and confidence map. Furthermore, the adversarial learning assists the generator to produce a qualitative confidence map which is transformed into binary images with the help of fixed thresholding to fulfil the segmentation of MG. We identified MGs and interglands boundaries from IR images.

Results

This method is evaluated by meiboscoring, grading, Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. We also judged the quality of our method through average Pompeiu-Hausdorff distance, and Aggregated Jaccard Index.

Conclusions

This technique provides a significant improvement in the quantification of the irregularities to IR. This technique has outperformed the state-of-art results for the detection and analysis of the dropout area of MGD.
Secondary care interface: optimising communication between teams within secondary care to improve the rehabilitation journey for older people
Authors: Testrow Sean , McGovern Ryan , Tully Vicki
Published: February 2021

Effective communication between members of the multidisciplinary team is imperative for patient safety. Within the Medicine for the Elderly wards at Royal Victoria Hospital (RVH) in Dundee, we identified an inefficient process of information-sharing between the orthopaedics outpatient department (OPD) at the main teaching hospital and our hospital’s rehabilitation teams, and sought to improve this by introducing several changes to the work system. Our aim was for all patients who attended the OPD clinic to have a plan communicated to the RVH team within 24 hours.

Before our intervention, clinic letters containing important instructions for ongoing rehabilitation were dictated by the OPD team, transcribed and uploaded to an electronic system before the RVH team could access them. We analysed clinic attendances over a 4-week period and found that it took 15 days on average for letters to be shared with the RVH teams. We worked with both teams to develop a clinical communication tool and new processes, aiming to expedite the sharing of key information. Patients attended the OPD with this form, the clinician completed it at the time of their appointment and the form returned with the patient to RVH on the same day.

We completed multiple Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles; before our project was curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic. During our study period, seven patients attended the OPD with a form, with all seven returning to RVH with a completed treatment plan documented by the OPD clinician. This allowed rehabilitation teams to have access to clinic instructions generated by orthopaedic surgeons almost immediately after a patient attended the clinic, essentially eliminating the delay in information-sharing.

The introduction of a simple communication tool and processes to ensure reliable transfer of information can expedite information-sharing between secondary care teams and can potentially reduce delays in rehabilitation.
Palliative Care Home Support Packages (PEACH): a carer cross-sectional survey
Authors: Chow Josephine Sau Fan , Barclay Greg , Harlum Janeane , Swierczynski Jolanta , Jobburn Kim , Agar Meera
Published: February 2021

Background

In December 2013, a partnership between five local health districts and a non-governmental organisation implemented the Palliative Care Home Support Packages (PEACH) Program. The PEACH Program aims to support palliative care clients in their last days of life at their own home. This study sought to evaluate the quality of care delivered by the service from the perspective of clients’ primary carers.

Methods

A letter was sent to carers of clients 6–10 weeks after the client’s death, inviting them to participate in an anonymous survey. The survey measured the level of satisfaction on various aspects of the service using FAMCARE and Likert scales, and invited for comments about the care received and suggestions for improvement.

Results

Out of 17 aspects of care provided by the PEACH Program, 13 were scored with ‘exceptional’ or ‘acceptable performance’. The highest satisfaction was observed in meeting clients’ physical needs and providing pain relief. The most dissatisfaction was observed in addressing spiritual matters, family conferences and information about treatment side effects. Ninety-five per cent of responses were either ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the overall care provided at home during the last week of the client’s life.

Conclusion

The results of this research provide further evidence to the field of what constitutes a good home death and the support mechanisms required to enable this. The results also have strong implications on how local services provided by the PEACH Program are delivered in the future.
Identification and operationalisation of indicators to monitor successful uptake of advance care planning policies: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Fassbender Konrad , Biondo Patricia , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Potapov Alexei , Wityk Martin Tracy Lynn , Wasylenko Eric , Hagen Neil Angus , Simon Jessica
Published: February 2021

Background

In 2014, the province of Alberta, Canada implemented a province-wide policy and procedures for advance care planning (ACP) and goals of care designation (GCD) across its complex, integrated public healthcare system. This study was conducted to identify and operationalise performance indicators for ACP/GCD to monitor policy implementation success and sustainment of ACP/GCD practice change.

Methods

A systematic review and environmental scan was conducted to identify potential indicators of ACP/GCD uptake (n=132). A purposive sample of ACP/GCD stakeholders was invited to participate in a modified Delphi study to evaluate, reduce and refine these indicators through a combination of face-to-face meetings and online surveys.

Results

An evidence-informed Donabedian by Institute of Medicine (IOM) framework was adopted as an organising matrix for the indicators in an initial face-to-face meeting. Three online survey rounds reduced and refined the 132 indicators to 18. A final face-to-face meeting operationalised the indicators into a measurable format. Nine indicators, covering 11 of the 18 Donabedian×IOM domains, were operationalised.

Conclusions

Nine ACP/GCD evidence-informed indicators mapping to 11 of 18 Donabedian×IOM domains were endorsed, and have been operationalised into an online ACP/GCD dashboard. The indicators provide a characterisation of ACP/GCD uptake that could be generalised to other healthcare settings, measuring aspects related to ACP/GCD documentation, patient satisfaction and agreement between medical orders and care received. The final nine indicators reflect the stakeholders’ expressed intent to strike a balance between comprehensiveness and feasibility within a large provincial healthcare system.
Long-distance movements and associated diving behaviour of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Ogloff Wesley R. , Ferguson Steven H. , Fisk Aaron T. , Marcoux Marianne , Hussey Nigel E. , Jaworenko Andrew , Yurkowski David J.
Published: February 2021

Animal distribution and movement facilitate energy and nutrient transfer within and between regions, thus influencing ecosystem structure and function. Ringed seals (Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)) have been observed making sustained, extensive migrations (>1000 km) in the western Canadian Arctic, but observations of their movements from the eastern Canadian Arctic are limited. We equipped 12 ringed seals with satellite telemetry tags in Resolute Bay (n = 7; 2012, 2013) and Tremblay Sound (n = 5; 2017, 2018), Nunavut, to monitor their movements, behavioural states, and diving behaviour from late summer until their spring moult. Six tags transmitted into winter and recorded long-distance movements to southeastern Baffin Island, with three seals travelling through central Baffin Bay (3608 ± 315 km; maximum 4226 km), whereas three travelled along the Baffin Island coastline (3674 ± 655 km; maximum 4872 km). Seals that travelled through central Baffin Bay made shallower dives (25.4 ± 1.1 m) than those that travelled near the coast (100.0 ± 4.1 m). Results provide new information on the variability, scales, and pathways of movement and diving behaviour of eastern Canadian Arctic ringed seals. This new knowledge can be used to inform spatial conservation and management priorities of this ecologically and culturally important species.
Effect on forage yield and nutrient uptake of long-term surface application of manure at various rates and times in the growing season to timothy grown on two contrasting soils
Authors: Rodd A.V. , Wells J. , Fillmore S.A.E. , Smith E.L. , Gordon R. , Madani A. , MacLeod J. , Nyiraneza J. , Fuller K. , Grimmett M.G. , Mills A.
Published: February 2021

Although much of the manure in Canada is surface-applied to forages, little research exists evaluating time of year (Time) and rate (Rate) of application on forage yield and nutrient uptake. Field trials (10 yr) on two soils (sandy loam upland and silty clay loam dykeland) investigated this. Experimental arrangement was a factorial [Time (spring, summer, early, and late fall manure applications)] plus a control [spring-applied ammonium nitrate fertilizer (ANF)] in a Latinized split plot. ANF at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg N·ha−1; 0, 75, 150, and 300 as semi-solid beef (SSM) and 150 kg N·ha−1 as liquid dairy manure (LDM), constituted respective splits. The Time × Rate interaction, later in the trial on the upland soil, showed higher yields and nutrient uptakes with fall manure application. There was little interaction on the dykeland soil; summer application resulted in higher yields at times. For both soils, the optimal long-term application rate of SSM was approximately 150 kg N·ha−1 while that of ANF was approximately 100 kg N·ha−1. Inherent fertility of dykelands resulted in lesser responses to manure addition. Negligible and significant residual N occurred with fertilizer and manure, respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc, and boron uptakes were due to amendment impact on yield. The recommended rate is 150 kg N·ha−1 of SSM or LDM applied in fall and summer to Maritime grasslands grown on upland and dykeland soils, respectively. Yield differences may not warrant producers adjusting timing of in-season manure application.
A comprehensive analysis of differential cross sections and analyzing powers in the proton–deuteron break-up channel at 135 MeV
Authors: Tavakoli-Zaniani H. , Eslami-Kalantari M. , Amir-Ahmadi H. R. , Bayat M. T. , Deltuva A. , Golak J. , Kalantar-Nayestanaki N. , Kistryn St. , Kozela A. , Mardanpour H. , Messchendorp J. G. , Mohammadi-Dadkan M. , Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani A. , Ramazani-Sharifabadi R. , Skibiński R. , Stephan E. , Witała H.
Published: February 2021

A selection of measured cross sections and vector analyzing powers, $$A_{x}$$

A
x

and $$A_{y}$$

A
y

, are presented for the $$\vec {p}{d}$$

p
→

d

break-up reaction. The data are taken with a polarized proton beam with a kinetic energy of 135 MeV using the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA) at KVI, the Netherlands. With this setup, $$A_{x}$$

A
x

is extracted for the first time for a large range of energies as well as polar and azimuthal angles of the two outgoing protons. For most of the configurations, the results at small and large relative azimuthal angles differ in behavior when comparing experimental data with the theoretical calculations. We also performed a more global comparison of our data with theoretical calculations. The cross-section results show huge values of $$\chi ^{2}$$

χ
2

/d.o.f.. The absolute values of $$\chi ^{2}$$

χ
2

/d.o.f. for the components of vector analyzing powers, $$A_{x}$$

A
x

and $$A_{y}$$

A
y

, are smaller than the ones for the cross section, partly due to larger uncertainties for these observables. However, also for these observables no satisfactory agreement is found for all angular combinations. This implies that the present models of a three-nucleon force are not able to provide a satisfactory description of experimental data.
Crossing the Bridge to STEM
Authors: Hsu Hui-Ching Kayla , Memon Nasir
Published: February 2021

The necessity for a steady STEM workforce has prompted academia to develop strategies to encourage people of diverse backgrounds to enter the STEM fields. A bridge program, also known as a conversion program, offers alternative pathways for individuals who have no prior computing education to receive the education that can help in developing their careers or acquiring a graduate-level degree in the computer science fields. This mixed-methods study consisted of two parts. First, an online post-baccalaureate bridge program was evaluated, with a focus on students’ performance. Factors for analysis included gender, prior major, and the length of the program, any or all of which might play a role in students’ unsuccessful attempts to complete the program. The results indicated that female students have a higher tendency to not complete the program. However, female students who completed the program and enrolled in a graduate school have as much potential to do well in the MS program as their male cohorts do. The second part of the study comprised a survey of students who completed or did not complete the program and interviews with women students. Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the results showed that strategies are needed to enhance women students’ perceived competence and relatedness in the program.
Effect of Lower Surface Roughness on Nonlinear Hydraulic Properties of Fractures
Authors: Li Jinglong , Li Xianghui , Zhang Bo , Sui Bin , Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Mi
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the effect of fracture lower surface roughness on the nonlinear flow behaviors of fluids through fractures when the aperture fields are fixed. The flow is modeled with hydraulic pressure

drop
=

10

−
4

~

10

5

 
Pa
/
m

by solving the Navier-Stokes equations based on rough fracture models with lower surface roughness varying from

JRC
=
1

to

JRC
=
19

. Here, JRC represents joint roughness coefficient. The results show that the proposed numerical method is valid by comparisons between numerically calculated results with theoretical values of three parallel-plate models. With the increment of hydraulic pressure drop from 10-4 to 105 Pa/m spanning ten orders of magnitude, the flow rate increases with an increasing rate. The nonlinear relationships between flow rate and hydraulic pressure drop follow Forchheimer’s law. With increasing the JRC of lower surfaces from 1 to 19, the linear Forchheimer coefficient decreases, whereas the nonlinear Forchheimer coefficient increases, both following exponential functions. However, the nonlinear Forchheimer coefficient is approximately three orders of magnitude larger than the linear Forchheimer coefficient. With the increase in Reynolds number, the normalized transmissivity changes from constant values to decreasing values, indicating that fluid flow transits from linear flow regimes to nonlinear flow regimes. The critical Reynolds number that quantifies the onset of nonlinear fluid flow ranges from 21.79 to 185.19.
Interinstitutional Research Team Formation Based on Bibliographic Network Embedding
Authors: Lee O-Joun , Hong Seungha , Kim Jin-Taek
Published: February 2021

This study aims at forming research teams for interinstitutional collaborations. Research institutes have their own purposes and topics of interest. Thus, supporting joint research between multiple institutes, we have to consider not only synergies between scholars but also purposes of the institutes. To solve this problem, we propose a bibliographic network embedding method that can learn characteristics of institutes, not only of each scholar. First, we compose a bibliographic network that consists of scholars, publications, venues, research projects, and institutes. Collaboration styles and research topics of institutes and scholars are extracted by mining subgraphs from the bibliographic network. Then, vector representations of network nodes are learned based on occurrences of subgraphs on the nodes and neighborhoods of the nodes. Based on the vector representations, we train multilayer perceptrons (MLP) to assess collaboration probability between scholars affiliated in different institutes. For training the MLP, we suggest three strategies: (i) considering every collaboration, (ii) focusing on interinstitutional collaborations, and (iii) focusing on collaboration outcomes. To evaluate the proposed methods, we have analyzed research collaborations of POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology) and RIST (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology) from 2011 to 2020. Then, we conducted the research team formation for joint research of the two institutes according to two purposes: pure research and commercialization research.
Novel Product for the Management of Coronary Ruptures Happening during Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Hashemi Arash , Hashemi Ashkan , Ahmadieh Arsis , Alizadehasl Azin , Ansari Ramandi Mohammad Mostafa
Published: February 2021

Coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary interventions is a rare but dreaded complication. One of the treatment methods for this complication is the injection of an obliterating material into the ruptured vessel. We will introduce a novel material named “Spongostan” for embolization with significant advantages over available treatment options.
СИНТЕЗ І ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОТИЗАПАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ДЕЯКИХ ТІАЗОЛО[4,3-b]ХІНАЗОЛІНІВ
Authors: Chulovska Z. I. , Drapak I. V. , Chaban I. G. , Nektegaev I. O.
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи. Здійснити синтез деяких тіазоло[4,3-b]хіназолінів та провести дослідження протизапальної активності новосинтезованих сполук.

Матеріали і методи. Органічний синтез, 1Н ЯМР-спектроскопія, елементний аналіз, фармакологічний скринінг.

Результати й обговорення. З метою отримання нових біологічно активних речовин, нами запропоновано спосіб формування важкодоступної тіазоло[4,3-b]хіназолінової системи, який базується на внутрішньомолекулярній циклізації 2-(2-оксо-тіазолідин-4-іліденеаміно)-бензоатної кислоти. На основі реакцій Кньовенагеля та азосполучення проведено функціоналізацію положення С3 базового 3Н-тіазоло[4,3-b]хіназолін-1,9-діону з утворенням відповідних 3-ариліден та 3-арилгідразопохідних. Будова отриманих сполук та інтерпретація проведених хімічних досліджень підтверджена даними елементного аналізу та ЯМР 1Н-спектроскопією. Проведено фармакологічний скринінг протизапальної активності сполук. Отримані результати дозволили виділити 2 сполуки з вираженим протизапальним ефектом, які за показниками активності наближаються до або перевищують препарат порівняння Ібупрофен, що дає підстави вважати зазначену конденсовану систему перспективним молекулярним каркасом для дизайну потенційних протизапальних агентів

Висновки. Встановлено, шо при використанні м'яких дегідратуючих засобів 2-(2-оксотіазолідин-4-іліденеаміно)-бензоатної кислоти зазнає циклізації з утворенням базового 3Н-тіазоло[4,3-b]хіназолін-1,9-діону. Отриманий скафолд апробовано у реакціях Кньовенагеля та азосполучення з отриманням відповідних С3 заміщених тіазоло[4,3-b]хіназолінів. У процесі вивчення протизапальної активності виділено 2 високоактивні сполуки.
2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS Expert Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society
Authors: Varma Niraj , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Turakhia Mintu P. , Heidbuchel Hein , Hu Yu-Feng , Chen Lin Yee , Couderc Jean-Philippe , Cronin Edmond M. , Estep Jerry D. , Grieten Lars , Lane Deirdre A. , Mehra Reena , Page Alex , Passman Rod , Piccini Jonathan P. , Piotrowicz Ewa , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Platonov Pyotr G. , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz , Rich Robert E. , Russo Andrea M. , Slotwiner David , Steinberg Jonathan S. , Svennberg Emma
Published: February 2021

This collaborative statement from the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society describes the current status of mobile health technologies in arrhythmia management. The range of digital medical tools and heart rhythm disorders that they may be applied to and clinical decisions that may be enabled are discussed. The facilitation of comorbidity and lifestyle management (increasingly recognized to play a role in heart rhythm disorders) and patient self-management are novel aspects of mobile health. The promises of predictive analytics but also operational challenges in embedding mobile health into routine clinical care are explored.
Endogenous bacterial community structure of Pinus massoniana with differing resistance to pine wilt disease
Authors: Lu Wei , Zhao Xiao-Jia , Tan Jia-Jin
Published: February 2021

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating pine disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its main host in China is Pinus massoniana. The relationship between endophytic bacteria and disease resistance in P. massoniana remains unclear. In this paper, the leaves, roots, stems and treetops of different disease-resistant P. massoniana were studied as the research objective and Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to analyse whether there were significant differences in the composition and diversity of endophytic bacterial communities between different disease-resistant P. massoniana. The results showed that at the genus level there were no obvious differences in the composition of the endophytic bacterial community of different disease-resistant P. massoniana in the leaves, but there were obvious differences in the roots, stems and treetops. The richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria in P. massoniana had no significant impact on its disease resistance, whilst the structure of endophytic bacterial community in stems and treetops may be related to its disease resistance.
Aporia in Umayyad Art or the Degree Zero of the Visual Forms’ Meaning in Early Islam
Authors: Gonzalez Valerie
Published: February 2021

This article re-examines the established findings about Umayyad art as a transitional production essentially anchored in the Western and Eastern Late Antique traditions that have inspired it. It argues instead that the Umayyads brought about an aesthetic revolution laying out the foundations of what has become known as “Islamic ornament,” a predominantly aniconic art form. An epistemological shift from art history to critical inquiry allows us to show that, beyond the adaptive borrowing of pre-existing forms, the Umayyads redefined the art’s condition of meaning based on an unprecedented attitude to images and visual discourse informed by Islamic ontotheology and logocentric metaphysics.
Three new Brazilian Myrtaceae
Authors: SOBRAL MARCOS , LIMA DUANE F.
Published: February 2021

Eugenia leucogyna, Myrcia acutisepala and M. pirapama are proposed as new species, described and illustrated; additionally, conservation status is proposed for them. Eugenia leucogyna, from the northern Brazilian state of Pará, is related to E. egensis, but differs by its indumentum; Myrcia acutisepala, from rocky fields from the southeastern state of Minas Gerais, is close to M. eriocalyx, but differs by its glabrous leaves and longer sepals; and M. pirapama, also from rocky fields from Minas Gerais, is related to M. hebepetala, but differs by its leaves with longer petioles and shorter blades and acute and larger sepals.
The Flow Field, Particle Distribution, and Determination of the Optimal Sampling Area around Aircraft
Authors: Wang Baoqing , Tang Zhenzhen , Li Yinuo , Cai Ningning
Published: February 2021

Particle trajectories around an aircraft will change during a flight; therefore, analyzing particle distribution around the aircraft is necessary to accurately sample aerosols. Both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and wind tunnel experiments are employed to optimize the sampling zones around an aircraft. The wind tunnel model is the Harbin Y-12, similar to the Twin Otter and King Air. The aircraft head is taken as the coordinate original point. The coordinate X is parallel to the wings, the coordinate Y is parallel to the fuselage, and the coordinate Z is perpendicular to the fuselage. The results show that the closer the distance to the central line for the X direction is, the greater the velocity error is. A suitable position for sampling is under the fuselage because of low turbulence, convenient connection pipelines, and safety considerations. The shadow and enhancement zone area thicknesses gradually increase with increasing particle size. The shadow zone thickness under the fuselage is approximately 20, 70, 110, and 350 mm for particle sizes of 1, 10, 20, and 50 μm, respectively. The greater the distance from the aircraft head for the Y direction is, the smaller the velocity error is. The attack angle has no obvious effect on the flow speed at different positions. The CFD simulation results are in basic agreement with the wind tunnel experiment results. The optimal sampling zone is approximately 2300–6500 mm for the Y direction for the aircraft head, 250–500 mm for the X direction for the aircraft head, and 490–600 mm for the Z direction under the fuselage of aircraft.
From empathic leader to empathic leadership practice: An extension to relational leadership theory
Authors: Jian Guowei
Published: February 2021

Does empathy merely take place in leaders’ minds? How does it help us better understand and practice leadership? In the past, entitative relational leadership studies have mainly drawn on a mind-based understanding of empathy and focused on the association between individual empathy traits and leader emergence and effectiveness. Such an approach overlooks leadership practice of empathy as a constructive process. By integrating emerging research from diverse disciplines from philosophy to communication, the article first offers a constructionist view of empathy, based on which empathic leadership practice is conceptualized. The article explicates how leadership practice of empathy construction is rooted in relational ethics and takes place in both synchronic dyadic interaction through conversation as well as diachronic narrative practice with a collective other. By conceptualizing empathic leadership practice through a social constructionist approach to empathy, the article makes significant contributions to our understanding of relational leadership.
Fluency Interventions for Struggling Readers in Grades 6 to 12: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Steinle Paul K. , Stevens Elizabeth , Vaughn Sharon
Published: February 2021

This systematic review synthesizes fluency intervention research for struggling readers in Grades 6 through 12 from January 2006 to October 2019. The search yielded 17 studies examining reading fluency and comprehension outcomes. Most studies examined repeated reading (RR) interventions to improve reading fluency for struggling readers at these grade levels, resulting in improved fluency but few positive effects on reading comprehension outcomes, similar to trends observed in prior systematic reviews. Reading connected text with an equivalent word count to word counts of RR sessions did not result in increased reading fluency, a finding aligned with a prior synthesis. Few studies used a fluent reader as a model prior to RRs, despite previous support for modeling within fluency interventions.
Assessing Burnout in Subgroups of Athletes Based on Gratitude and Perceived Coach-Athlete Relationship
Authors: Yukhymenko-Lescroart Mariya A. , Ruser Jeffrey B. , Gabana Nicole T. , Gilbert Jenelle N.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine distinct groups of athletes based on their gratitude and coach-athlete relationships (CAR) and to compare the groups on three dimensions of athlete burnout: sense of reduced accomplishment, emotional and physical exhaustion, and sport devaluation. Types of gratitude measured included general trait gratitude, general state gratitude, and sport state gratitude. Cluster analysis with 576 intercollegiate athletes showed four distinct groups: “ungrateful in life and sport, and disconnected from the coach” (Group 1), “highly grateful in life and sport, and well-connected with the coach” (Group 2), “generally less grateful in life, but connected with the coach” (Group 3), and “generally grateful in life, but disconnected from the coach” (Group 4). Group 1 reported the highest levels of burnout. In contrast, Group 2 reported the lowest levels of burnout. Athletes in Groups 3 and 4 (which were similar on sport state gratitude, but differed on other indicators) reported moderate levels of burnout, but Group 4 athletes were more burned out than Group 3 athletes. Specifically, both groups reported similar levels of devaluation; yet, Group 4 scored higher on reduced sense of accomplishment and emotional/physical exhaustion than Group 3. Examination of group composition revealed that male athletes were overrepresented in Group 2 and underrepresented in Group 4, and Group 1 athletes tended to identify as non-religious. Taken together, findings point to the protective role that gratitude and a positive CAR may play in athlete burnout prevention.
Investigation of solution techniques of unit commitment problems: A review
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Naresh Ram , Singh Amita
Published: February 2021

The Unit Commitment (UC) is a significant act of optimization in day-to-day operational planning of modern power systems. After load forecasting, UC is the subsequent step in the planning process. The electric utilities decide in advance which units are to start-up, when to connect them to the network, the sequence in which the generating units should be shut down and for how long. In view of the above, this paper attempts on presenting a thorough and precise review of the recent approaches applied in optimizing UC problems, incorporating both stochastic and deterministic loads, based on various peer reviewed published research papers of reputed journals. It emphasizes on non-conventional energy and distributed power generating systems along with deregulated and regulated environment. Along with an overview, a comprehensive analysis of the UC algorithms reported in the recent past since 2015 has been discussed for the assistance of new researchers concerned with this domain.
Gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) based hydrogel film – A potential biomaterial for wound dressing: Experimental design and optimization followed by rotatable central composite design
Authors: Hubner Patricia , Marcilio Nilson Romeu , Tessaro Isabel Cristina
Published: February 2021

The development of hydrogel films for biomedical applications is interesting due to their characteristics. Hydrogel films based on gelatin and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are developed and characterized using a rotatable central composite design. The optimized hydrogel film is obtained by the function desirability of the Statistica® software and is also characterized by swelling kinetics, oxygen permeability, adhesiveness, TGA, DSC, and XRD. The results of the experimental design show that gelatin and PVA concentrations have a significant influence on the response variables, and the exposure doses to UV light show no significant effect. The optimized hydrogel film is elastic, presents good mechanical resistance and swelling capacity in water and exudate solution, is permeable to oxygen, and is capable of adjusting itself and maintains contact close to the skin. In this way, considering all the properties evaluated, the optimized film has characteristics suitable for biomedical applications as wound dressings.
Populism and Charity Donations: An Australian Case Study
Authors: McAllister Ian , Makkai Toni
Published: February 2021

The reasons why people donate to charities have been extensively researched, but how this behavior relates to political values is less well understood. We also know little about how the rise of populist values among the electorate will influence charitable giving in the future. Using a national election survey conducted in Australia in mid-2019, this article examines the influence of populist values on charity donations. The results show that populist values are strong predictors of charitable giving and that those who hold these values are significantly less likely to donate. Among those who do choose to donate, the choice of charity is also strongly influenced by populist values. These results demonstrate that the increasing importance of populist values among the public will have significant implications for the future level and direction of charity donations.
Association between alcohol intake and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Liu Jinxiang , Pan Lu , Guo Lishuang , Liu Congcong , Yang Sirui
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to illustrate the potential role of alcohol intake on the progression of SLE.

Methods

An electronic search of the PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library databases was conducted from their inception up to March 2020. Observational studies that investigated the role of alcohol intake on the risk of SLE were eligible for inclusion in this study. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated as an effect estimate using the random-effects model.

Results

Seven case-control studies (n = 3, 251) and three cohort studies (n = 322, 479) were selected for the final meta-analysis. Mild (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.53–1.38; p = 0.515) or heavy (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.37–1.09; p = 0.102) alcohol intake were not associated with the risk of SLE, while moderate alcohol intake could protect against the risk of SLE (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55–0.93; p = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis suggested that heavy alcohol intake was associated with a reduced risk of SLE (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32–0.67; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study found that moderate alcohol intake could protect against the risk of SLE, while mild or heavy alcohol intake did not significantly affect the risk of SLE.
The influence of local temperature and air velocity changes on the thermal sensations of users' working in surgical clothing
Authors: Młynarczyk Magdalena , Bogdan Anna , Jankowski Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Thermal conditions in operating rooms are mainly dictated by the need to meet the safety/comfort requirements of the patient. However, the accuracy of performed surgical procedures depends on the surgeon and others members of medical team. Hence, their comfort sensation should be also factored in. The study sought to find out how thermal sensations of people working in surgical clothing can be modified through a local change in air velocity and temperature around the user. A series of tests was carried out with a thermal manikin to make an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of this type of equipment. The tests included changes of the ambient temperature, supply air temperature and air velocity. The operational efficiency was assessed on the basis of the equivalent temperature index ( teq). Results show that the final result of teq was mostly determined by air velocity rather than the supply air temperature.
Measurement of finger joint motion after flexor tendon repair: smartphone photography compared with traditional goniometry
Authors: Chen Jing , Xian Zhang Ai , Jia Qian Si , Jing Wang Yu
Published: February 2021

The purpose of our study was to determine whether smartphone photography is as reliable and valid as clinical goniometry for measuring interphalangeal joint range of motion. We conducted a retrospective review of 37 fingers in 33 patients after flexor tendon repair. The measurements on photographs taken with a smartphone by a surgeon were compared with manual measurements with goniometry by the same surgeon. Pearson coefficients and interclass correlation coefficients were all above 0.85, and Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated that at least 35 of 37 measurements were within the 95% confidence interval in all variables. According to the Tang criteria, the total number of excellent and good results were equivalent according to both methods. There was high interobserver reliability between measurements by surgeons and a therapist. We conclude that if the pictures are properly taken, the measurement of the angles in the smartphone pictures are as reliable as measuring the angles with goniometry and that grading of the results according to the two methods gives identical results.
The fifty most cited publications in shoulder arthroplasty research
Authors: Cohn Matthew R , Mehta Nabil , Kunze Kyle N , Browning Robert B , Verma Nikhil N , Garrigues Grant E , Nicholson Gregory P
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Frequency of citation provides one quantitative metric of the impact that an article has on a given field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristics of the 50 most cited publications on shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods

The Web of Science database was used to determine the 50 most frequently cited shoulder arthroplasty articles. Articles were evaluated for several factors including type of arthroplasty, citation frequency and rate, source journal, country of origin, study type, and level of evidence.

Results

The most common countries of origin were the United States (60%) followed by France (24%) and Switzerland (6%). A total of 27 (54%) articles included anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), 18 (36%) included reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), and 15 (30%) included hemiarthroplasty. Articles including RTSA had the greatest number of citations compared to those on TSA ( p = 0.037) and hemiarthroplasty ( p = 0.035). Citations per year were also greatest with RTSA compared to TSA and hemiarthroplasty ( p ≤ 0.001).

Discussion

This citation analysis includes many of the landmark studies that shaped, and continue to impact, the field of shoulder arthroplasty. This list provides a group of influential articles that provide a foundation for future research in shoulder arthroplasty.
Heart–lung transplant in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and dextrocardia patient
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed Magdy M , Thomas Mathew , Makey Ian A , Martin Archer K , Erasmus David B , Sareyyupoglu Basar , Landolfo Kevin P , Pham Si M
Published: February 2021

A 53-year-old male patient was presented to our institution with the clinical picture of biventricular failure. The echocardiogram revealed congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, dextrocardia with situs solitus, atrioventricular discordance and ventriculoatrial discordance, severe systemic and mitral valves regurgitation, and severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure: 51 mm Hg). He underwent heart–lung transplant. He was discharged on postoperative day 25 with left ventricular ejection fraction of 60%–65%, and with oxygen independency.
Factor XIII cross-links fibrin(ogen) independent of fibrin polymerization in experimental acute liver injury
Authors: Poole Lauren G. , Kopec Anna K. , Groeneveld Dafna J. , Pant Asmita , Baker Kevin S. , Cline-Fedewa Holly M. , Flick Matthew J. , Luyendyk James P.
Published: February 2021

Intravascular fibrin clot formation follows a well-ordered series of reactions catalyzed by thrombin cleavage of fibrinogen leading to fibrin polymerization and cross-linking by factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). Extravascular fibrin(ogen) deposits are observed in injured tissues; however, the mechanisms regulating fibrin(ogen) polymerization and cross-linking in this setting are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms of fibrin polymerization and cross-linking in acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition and cross-linking were measured following APAP overdose in wild-type mice, mice lacking the catalytic subunit of FXIII (FXIII−/−), and in FibAEK mice, which express mutant fibrinogen insensitive to thrombin-mediated fibrin polymer formation. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was similar in APAP-challenged wild-type and FXIII−/− mice, yet cross-linking of hepatic fibrin(ogen) was dramatically reduced (>90%) by FXIII deficiency. Surprisingly, hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition and cross-linking were only modestly reduced in APAP-challenged FibAEK mice, suggesting that in the APAP-injured liver fibrin polymerization is not strictly required for the extravascular deposition of cross-linked fibrin(ogen). We hypothesized that the oxidative environment in the injured liver, containing high levels of reactive mediators (eg, peroxynitrite), modifies fibrin(ogen) such that fibrin polymerization is impaired without impacting FXIII-mediated cross-linking. Notably, fibrin(ogen) modified with 3-nitrotyrosine adducts was identified in the APAP-injured liver. In biochemical assays, peroxynitrite inhibited thrombin-mediated fibrin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting fibrin(ogen) cross-linking over time. These studies depict a unique pathology wherein thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization is circumvented to allow tissue deposition and FXIII-dependent fibrin(ogen) cross-linking.
Effects of microwave pretreatment on drying of 50 mm-thickness Chinese fir lumber
Authors: Weng Xiang , Zhou Yongdong , Fu Zongying , Gao Xin , Zhou Fan , Jiang Jinghui
Published: February 2021

Low permeability of wood causes problems during drying of timber. This study evaluated the effects of microwave (MW) pretreatment on the conventional drying behavior and mechanical damages of Chinese fir lumber. MW pretreatment of lumber was performed at applied MW energy of 43 kWh/m3, and then, the samples were dried in a laboratory drying kiln. The results showed that the drying rate was effectively increased after MW pretreatment. The moisture content (MC) deviation in thickness and residual stress indexes of MW-pretreated samples were significantly decreased in comparison with the control samples, and the appearance quality of wood samples was not clearly affected by the MW pretreatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs demonstrated that pit membranes were damaged after MW pretreatment, and the micro-cracks in radial section as well as detachments between ray parenchyma cells and tracheids were also observed. Consequently, new pathways for moisture migration during drying process were formed after MW pretreatment, which contributed to the improved permeability of Chinese fir lumber and decreased drying time.