bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Framework to Build an E-Business Model
Authors: Sumbayak Daniel
Published: September 2015

This paper will discuss about how an E-business model is made and designed. While designing a business model seems like an easy job, designing a proper business model for E-business requires an understanding of the workings and difference of E-business and traditional business. While
the goals of both businesses are similar, there are some distinct characteristics from E-business model which are studied on this journal. In defining the business model characteristics, we must first define what the business model is, and how it impacts the E-business and the realities in
E-business. While E-business implementation is different between one another, depends on the business needs and situation, the characteristics of an E-business model have similarities with each other. On discussing the characteristics of the said E-business model, the characteristics itself
will show the distinct advantage of E-business model if compared to the traditional business model. These advantages are also the characteristics of the E-business model, which must be used to the fullest extent to get the total benefits of the business model. Apart from advantages, E-business
model will also face challenges and barriers, which can hamper development of a good business model, but by proper identification of the problem a solution can be synthesized.
Familiarization Studies: Critical Components in Conducting Successful Fieldwork
Authors: Thoha Nurianna , Hutapea Parulian
Published: September 2015

This paper is written to share the experience of conducting qualitative research for a Ph.D. for an Australian university but carrying out the research in Indonesia. Conducting a familiarization study is the topic under discussion. The research paradigm is interpretive and the methodology
is qualitative. This leads to the key issue of the importance of undertaking a familiarization study before collecting data using the interview method since the researcher may fail to consider such issues as class, race, gender, ethnicity, and other factors. Inevitably the results may well
reflect his or her views, rather than those of respondents. Therefore, a familiarization study is a critical component to the success of fieldwork.
Social Network and Adaptive Capabilities Among Malaysian Born Global Firms
Authors: Chelliah Shankar , Huoy Lee Ming , Sulaiman Mohamed
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the research is to understand the mediating factor of Social Network and Adaptive Capabilities to the Relationship between Malaysian Born Global Entrepreneur’s Behaviours on International Performance. In the global market’s environment, there is full of uncertainty
impact that may affect the entrepreneur’s international performance. Social network, adaptive capabilities and the firm behaviour is affecting the outcome of firm’s performance. The dependent variable of this research is firm performance, the independent variable of this research
is Born Global firm’s behaviour and the moderating variables of this research are social network and adaptive capabilities. Based on the collected data, the research concluded that there was a significant relationship for social network and adaptive capabilities on the relationship between
born global entrepreneur’s behaviours that influence in firm’s international performance. The study is geographically localized and limited to testing a sample of small medium enterprise (SMEs), Malaysian service and manufacturing firms with a minimum of 5 employees and no more
than 150 employees, and also have internationalize their business activity; example like import, export, franchise, direct investment and other international business activity.
Financial Literacy and Investment Decision in Lower Middle Income
Authors: Steelyana W. Evi , Lie Yulia
Published: September 2015

Financial Literacy should be considered as one of basic intelegence in this modern civilization. As growth of change in internet, digital money and e-banking will impact in many area of financial trasactions in financial activities. Saving behavior and investment decision were become
factors that impacted to income allocation, especially for most people in working class. At lower middle income class, they also allocate their income for saving and investment purposes. This research was held in Jakarta, with data sampling from lower middle income class or at UMR level (Upah
Minimum Regional) or Minimum Standard Wage level. This paper focus for finding out some factors that are giving significant impact on saving behavior or investment decision. Those factors were financial concept or financial knowledge, financial goals, capital market knowledge and environment
factor. This paper give explanation on which factors give significant impact on investment decision and how Financial Literacy give impact to retirement preparedness for lower middle income class.
The Importance of Brand Heritage A Study of Luxury Fashion Brands in Jakarta
Authors: Manwani Kavish Ramesh , Darmayanti Dahlia
Published: September 2015

Objective: to examine the importance of brand heritage as a significant effect in marketing management of luxury fashion brands. Methods: Simple Linear Regression is used to test the relationship between brand heritage as an independent variable and cognitive brand strength, affective
brand strength, and intentional brand strength as dependent variables. An independent t-test is used to examine if there are differences between the customers who purchase luxury goods with regard to brand heritage. And the last is ANOVA to check if there are any significant differences
in brand heritage with regards to the age, expenditure, and education level of the respondents. Results: brand heritage does have a positive impact on the cognitive brand strength, affective brand strength and intentional brand strength on the customers of these luxury brands. The independent
t-test revealed that there is a significant difference between the customers of the two items bags and watches with regard to the brand heritage. ANOVA tests revealed that there is no significant difference between brand heritage and age, gender, expenditure, and income level of the
respondents.
Factors that Affect Competitive Advantage in Freight Forwarding Industry on Jakarta-Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Kuncoro Engkos
Published: September 2015

Achievement of Indonesia’s economic performance is very important factor for Indonesian national economy. Commercial activity export import significantly contributes in the national economy. The movement of goods is “the spirit” of trading activities; therefore, the
role of freight forwarding companies is very strategic in supporting the progress of export import trade in Indonesia. Tight competition in freight forwarding industry that involves foreign and local company demands the kind of excellence compete for companies that want to be sustained. This
research was compiled to figure out the factors that affect the competitive advantage in freight forwarding industry in DKI Jakarta. This study uses causal design as the research design as it aims to measure the relations between variables research. This study also uses a statistical multivariate
to analyze the factors. Based on the factor analysis calculation, there are 27 factors that grouped into eight variables that have an impact on the competitive advantage in freight forwarding industry. These variables are macro-environment, human capital, organizational capital, financial
capital, micro-environment, leadership, innovation, and marketing strategic. Among these variables, the macro-environment, human capital, organizational capital, leadership, and marketing strategic are classified as the dominant variables in explaining excellence competition advantage on freight
forwarding industry in DKI Jakarta.
E-Proposal to Expedite Customer's Decision Making on Committing Insurance Transaction
Authors: Gautama So Idris , Yosevie Rosi
Published: September 2015

Objectives of this paper are to analyze the current system of policies selling in a particular Life Insurance company, especially for unit link life insurance product to understand the problems or gaps in the company. According to the result of Business Inteligence (Analysis of Insurance
Industry) from the particular Life Insurance, assets of the company are big enough to do some investments in technology to gain more premium income, but the fact is premium income of said Life Insurance company was not good enough if it is compared with its competitors. So based on that problem,
it is needed to find the requirements of new system as a solution, then the design a new web-based application of e-proposal to customer's decision making of the Life Insurance company. Methodology which is used in this research are colecting data by library research and field research. After
that, analysis based on the theory Fishbone Diagram Analysis, Critical Success Factor Analysis, and Object Oriented Analysis will be carried out. On the design phase, Object Oriented Design is used and then evaluate the result of a new system design by Eight Golden Rules of designing user
interface. Result of this research is a web based application to make the distribution of proposal faster and more simple. The procedure of new system will also make the information of policies benefit can be easily accessed by Customer and Insurance Agencies, so the company will also gain
customer satisfaction and loyalty. In the end, we can conclude that e-proposal is the right solution for the company to drive customer's decision making and finally will improve Life Insurace company's product selling and also increase the premium income.
Effect of Hydrogen Post-Annealing on Transparent Conductive ITO/Ga2O3 Bi-Layer Films for Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Kyeong Heon , Kim Su Jin , Park Sang Young , Kim Tae Geun
Published: September 2015

The effect of hydrogen post-annealing on the electrical and optical properties of ITO/Ga2O3 bi-layer films, deposited by RF magnetron sputtering, is investigated for potential applications to transparent conductive electrodes of ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting
diodes. Three samples—an as-deposited sample and two samples post-annealed in N2 gas and N2–H2 gas mixture—were prepared and annealed at different temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 500 °C for comparison. Among these samples, the
sample annealed at 300 °C in a mixture of N2 and H2 gases shows the lowest sheet resistance of 301.3 Ω/□ and a high UV transmittance of 87.1% at 300 nm.
Flexible Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Substrates
Authors: Jung Soon-Won , Koo Jae Bon , Park Chan Woo , Na Bock Soon , Oh Ji-Young , Lee Sang Seok
Published: September 2015

In this study, we fabricated flexible organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on a polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrate using blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and amorphous conjugated polymer poly(9,9- dioctylfuorene-co-bithiophene)
(F8T2) as the gate dielectric and semiconducting layer, respectively. All the processes were performed at elastomer-compatible temperatures of below 100 °C. We confirmed the basic properties of the P(VDF-TrFE):PMMA blend film on the PDMS substrate, and the characteristics of the fabricated
flexible OTFTs were also evaluated. A subthreshold voltage swing of 2.5 V/decade, an Ion/Ioff ratio greater than 105, field-effect mobility of 1.2×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a 10−11
A gate leakage current were obtained. These characteristics did not degrade at a bending radius of 1 cm. For the OTFTs, the endurable maximum strain without degradation in the field-effect mobility of the PDMS elastomers was approximately 2%.
Annealing Effect of Al2O3 Tunnel Barriers in HfO2-Based ReRAM Devices on Nonlinear Resistive Switching Characteristics
Authors: Park Sukhyung , Cho Kyoungah , Jung Jungwoo , Kim Sangsig
Published: September 2015

In this study, we demonstrate the enhancement of the nonlinear resistive switching characteristics of HfO2-based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices by carrying out thermal annealing of Al2O3 tunnel barriers. The nonlinearity of ReRAM device
with an annealed Al2O3 tunnel barrier is determined to be 10.1, which is larger than that of the ReRAM device with an as-deposited Al2O3 tunnel barrier. From the electrical characteristics of the ReRAM devices with as-deposited and annealed Al2O3
tunnel barriers, it reveals that there is a trade-off relationship between nonlinearity in low-resistance state (LRS) current and the ratio of the high-resistance state (HRS) and the LRS. The enhancement of nonlinearity is attributed to a change in the conduction mechanism in the LRS of the
ReRAM after the annealing. While the conduction mechanism before the annealing follows Ohmic conduction, the conduction of the ReRAM after the annealing is controlled by a trap-controlled space charge limited conduction mechanism. Additionally, the annealing of the Al2O3
tunnel barriers is also shown to improve the endurance and retention characteristics.
Magnetophoresis Effects on the Flow Characteristics of Oil-Based Ferrofluids in Rectangular Enclosures
Authors: Seo Hyeon-Seok , Boo Jin-Hyo , Kim Youn-Jea
Published: September 2015

This study numerically investigated the flow characteristics in a rectangular enclosure filled with oil-based ferrofluid (EFH-1, Ferrotec.) under the influence of external magnetic fields. The rectangular enclosure contained obstacles with different shapes, such as a rectangle and a
triangle mounted on the top and bottom wall surfaces. In order to generate external magnetic fields, a permanent magnet was located in the lower part of the rectangular enclosure, and its direction was selected to be either horizontal or vertical. Our results showed that the ferrofluid flow
fields were affected by the applied external magnetic field direction and eddy flow phenomena in the working fluid were generated in the vicinity of high magnetic flux density distributions, such as at the edge of the permanent magnet. It was also confirmed that the magnetophoretic force distributions
in the analysis model played a significant role in the development of the ferrofluid flow fields.
Analyses on RF Performances of Silicon-Compatible InGaAs-Based Planar-Type and Fin-Type Junctionless Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Seo Jae Hwa , Yoon Young Jun , Cho Seongjae , Tae Heung-Sik , Lee Jung-Hee , Kang In Man
Published: September 2015

The In0.53Ga0.47As-based planar-type junctionless fieled-effect transistor (JLFET) and fin-type FET (FinFET) have been designed and characterized by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. Because of their attractive material characteristics, the combination
of In0.53Ga0.47As and InP has been adopted in some of the most recent semiconductor devices. In particular, the In0.53Ga0.47As-based transistor using an InP buffer is highly attractive due to its superior electrostatic performance which results from
the by particular characteristics of the In0.53Ga0.47As material. In this paper, we focus on using small-signal RF modeling and Y-parameter extraction methods th extract various RF characteristics, such as gate capacitance, transconductance (gm), cut-off
frequency (fT), and maximum oscillation frequency (fmax). The proposed In0.53Ga0.47As-based FinFET exhibits an on-state current (Ion) of 1030 μA/μm and an off-state current (Ioff)
of 1.2×10−13 A/μm with a threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.1 V, and a subthreshold swing (S) of 96 mV/dec. In addition, fT and fmax are determined to be 243 GHz and 1.6 THz, respectively.
Analysis and Measurement of Volume Change by Transformation of Crystal Between Hf and HfOx Thin Film During Oxidation Using Nanoindenter
Authors: Park Myung Joon , Kim Soo In , Lee Chang Woo
Published: September 2015

In this study, nanomechanical properties were analyzed using a nanotribology method. The nanoindenter system is the main analysis method in nanotribology. The nanoindenter can measure the induced stresses, elastic modulus, and stabilities of Hf and HfO2 thin film surfaces
as a function of the annealing temperature. The surface hardness and elastic modulus decreased, except at 600 °C, from 8.1 to 6.22 GPa and from 143.87 to 93.68 GPa, respectively, as the annealing temperature was increased from the as-deposited state to 800 °C. These results were related
to the surface oxidation of the Hf thin film or the formation of a HfO2 monoclinic crystal. The change in the crystal structure caused an increase in volume that subsequently induced a compressive stress.
Study of an Oxadiazole Derivative for a Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Kwon Dong Yuel , Lee Geon Hyeong , Kim Young Sik
Published: September 2015

Novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials (ACR-OXD, 2ACR-OXD) with 9,10- dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine (ACR) as an electron donor and oxadiazole derivative (OXD) as an electron acceptor were designed and theoretically investigated for blue OLED emitter. Using DFT
and TDDFT calculations, we gained the electron distribution of HOMO and LUMO and the energy of the lowest singlet (S1) and the lowest triplet (T1) excited states. In comparison with the previously reported a xanthen derivative (ACR-XTN), ACR-OXD exhibits
a promising blue TADF emitter because of destabilizing the LUMO of ACR-OXD by the change of the electron accepting group and maintaining the steric hindrance between donor and acceptor moieties which lead to efficient TADF due to the small energy gap between the lowest excited singlet (S1)
state and the lowest excited triplet (T1) state.
Optoelectronic Characterization of Infrared Photodetector Fabricated on Ge-on-Si Substrate
Authors: Khurelbaatar Zagarzusem , Kil Yeon-Ho , Kim Taek Sung , Shim Kyu-Hwan
Published: September 2015

We report on the optoelectronic characterization of Ge p–i–n infrared photodetector fabricated on Ge-on-Si substrate using rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD). The phosphorous doping concentration and the root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of epitaxial
layer was estimated to be 2 × 1018 cm–3 and 1.2 nm, respectively. The photodetector were characterized with respect to their dark, photocurrent and responsivities in the wavelength range of 1530–1630 nm. At 1550 nm wavelength, responsivity of 0.32 A/W
was measured for a reverse bias of 1 V, corresponding to 25% external quantum efficiency, without an optimal antireflection coating. Responsivity drastically reduced from 1560 nm wavelength which could be attributed to decreased absorption of Ge at room temperature.
Properties of Electron-Beam Irradiated CuInSe2 Layers by Multi-Step Sputtering Method
Authors: Kim Chae-Woong , Kim Jin Hyeok , Jeong Chaehwan
Published: September 2015

Typically, CuInSe2 (CIS) based thin films for photovoltaic devices are deposited by co-evaporation or by deposition of the metals, followed by treatment in a selenium environment. This article describes CIS films that are instead deposited by DC and RF magnetron sputtering
from binary Cu2Se and In2Se3 targets without the supply of selenium. As a novel method, electron beam annealing was used for crystallization of Cu2Se/In2Se3 stacked precursors. The surface, cross-sectional morphology, and compositional
ratio of CIS films were investigated to confirm the possibility in crystallization without any addition of selenium. Our work demonstrates that the e-beam annealing method can be a good candidate for the rapid crystallization of Cu-In-Se sputtered precursors.
Anti-Biofouling Effect of PEG-Grafted Block Copolymer Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Kim Seon-Mi , Han Sang Suk , Kim A. Young , Choi Beom-Jin , Paik Hyun-Jong , Lee Inwon , Park Park , Chun Ho Hwan , Cho Youngjin , Hwang Do-Hoon
Published: September 2015

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-block-styrene) (PGMA-b-PS), a block copolymer consisting of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene, was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer living polymerization. The synthesized PGMA-b-PS was then grafted with low-molecular-weight
polyethylene glycol (PEG) via epoxy ring opening to give PGMA-g-PEG-b-PS, which was evaluated as an anti-biofouling coating material. As a preliminary test for the anti-biofouling effect, a protein adsorption experiment was performed on the synthesized block copolymer surface.
The block copolymers were spin-coated onto silicon wafers, and protein adsorption experiments were carried out using fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate-labeled bovine serum albumin. The fluorescence intensity of the protein adsorbed on the block copolymer surface was compared with that of
a polystyrene film as a reference. The synthesized PGMA-g-PEG-b-PS film showed much lower fluorescence intensity than that of the PS film.
Preparation of C60 Nanowhiskers-SnO2 Nanocomposites and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Park Hae Soo , Ko Weon Bae
Published: September 2015

C60 nanowhiskers were prepared using a liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) method. Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by a reaction of tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate with ammonium nitrate in an electric furnace. The C60
nanowhiskers-SnO2 nanocomposites were calcined in an electric furnace at 700 °C under an inert argon gas atmosphere for 2 h. The crystallinity, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission
electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity of the C60 nanowhiskers-SnO2 nanocomposites in the degradation of the organic dyes, such as methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B, and brilliant green, under ultraviolet
light at 254 nm by UV-vis spectrophotometry was evaluated and compared with that of C60 nanowhiskers and SnO2 nanoparticles. The experimental results showed that C60 nanowhiskers-SnO2 nanocomposites exhibited remarkably higher photocatalytic degradation
of organic dyes compared to C60 nanowhiskers and SnO2 nanoparticles.
Synthesis and Characterization of AlCl3 Impregnated Molybdenum Oxide as Heterogeneous Nano-Catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reaction in Ambient Condition
Authors: Jadhav Arvind H. , Chinnappan Amutha , Hiremath Vishwanath , Seo Jeong Gil
Published: September 2015

Aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) impregnated molybdenum oxide heterogeneous nano-catalyst was prepared by using simple impregnation method. The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, SEM
imaging, and EDX mapping. The catalytic activity of this protocol was evaluated as heterogeneous catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction at room temperature. The impregnated MoO4(AlCl2)2 catalyst showed tremendous catalytic activity in Friedel-Crafts
acylation reaction under solvent-free and mild reaction condition. As a result, 84.0% yield of acyl product with 100% consumption of reactants in 18 h reaction time at room temperature was achieved. The effects of different solvents system with MoO4(AlCl2)2
catalyst in acylation reaction was also investigated. By using optimized reaction condition various acylated derivatives were prepared. In addition, the catalyst was separated by simple filtration process after the reaction and reused several times. Therefore, heterogeneous MoO4(AlCl2)2
catalyst was found environmentally benign catalyst, very convenient, high yielding, and clean method for the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction under solvent-free and ambient reaction condition.
Photosensitivity Study of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetector Based on Chemical Vapor Deposited Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Le Chinh Tam , Senthilkumar Velusamy , Kim Yong Soo
Published: September 2015

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an emerging two-dimensional material beyond graphene, which could potentially be applicable to lightweight, flexible optoelectronic device. In this study, we have demonstrated a planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors
based on large area monolayer MoS2. The monolayer MoS2 was grown via chemical vapor depositionmethod, showing excellent structural and optical properties. The current–voltage measurement was characterized at various monochromatic lights in visible spectrum. The
device exhibited good responsivity ∼7.7 mA/W for wavelength of ∼470 nm, which is relatively comparative to mechanical exfoliated monolayer MoS2 based photodetectors. Additionally, the photoresponse measurement showed that the rise/fall time was about 1/0.7 s.
Effects of Different Salts on Salt-Assisted Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (SA-USP) Calcination for the Synthesis of Strontium Ferrite
Authors: Hwang Tea-Yeon , An Guk-Hwan , Cho Jeong-Ho , Kim Jongryoul , Choa Yong-Ho
Published: September 2015

Strontium ferrite (hexaferrite), SrFe12O19, was successfully fabricated in sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers by salt-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis-calcination using different salt media. All samples were single phases of SrFe12O19
without the intermediate phase, α-Fe2O3, and their morphology was hexagonal. As calcination temperature increased, the size of as-calcined samples and saturation magnetization, Ms, increased while coercivity decreased. The particle size
of the obtained nanoparticles varied depending on the salt media and calcination temperatures. The best magnetic properties obtained in this experiment were a coercivity of 6973 Oe with a saturation magnetization of 68.3 emu/g. To the best of our knowledge, these coercivity values are the
highest ever obtained. We propose a detailed mechanism explaining the growth of these particles and conclude that the resulting single-domain particle size is about 70 nm, taking into account of factors affecting coercivity in ferrite nano- to micro-sized particles.
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Doped Liquid Crystal System for Superior Electro-Optical Properties
Authors: Lee Hak Moo , Chung Hyung-Koo , Park Hong-Gyu , Jeong Hae-Chang , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Park Tae-Kyu , Seo Dae-Shik
Published: September 2015

We examined the properties of nematic liquid crystal (N-LC) systems with dispersed nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Uniform LC alignments with regular pretilt angles were achieved on rubbed polymer surface regardless of NiO nanoparticles concentration. We confirmed the electro-optical
characteristics of twisted nematic (TN) cells containing NiO nanoparticles on rubbed polymer surface, which exhibited lower threshold voltages and faster response times with less capacitance hysteresis than pure LC cells. It is clear that the response time of TN cells on rubbed polymer surfaces
decreases with increasing the NiO nanoparticles concentration. These results demonstrate the relationship between NP doping concentration and trapping of impurity ions, and were confirmed by a software simulation of electric flux and field density. NiO nanoparticles in the LC cells focused
the electric field flux and strengthened the electric field. Further, NiO nanoparticles in LC medium trapped charged ionic impurities and suppressed the screen effect, leading to a stronger electric field and the van der Waals interactions between LC molecules and the alignment layers.
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Eu3+ Doped CaGd4O7 Phosphors by Solvothermal Reaction Method
Authors: Seo Yeon Woo , Noh Mi , Moon Byung Kee , Jeong Jung Hyun , Yang Hyun Kyoung , Kim Jung Hwan
Published: September 2015

Eu3+ doped CaGd4O7 phosphors have been newly synthesized using a solvothermal reaction method and sintered at 1400 °C. The phase, composition, morphologies, and photoluminescent properties of the phosphors have been well characterized by means of
the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and decay curves, respectively. The XRD patterns of the as-prepared phosphors confirm their monoclinic structure and
the FE-SEM images reveal flower-like morphology, formed through agglomeration. The calculated size of the crystallites was approximately 83 nm. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of CaGd4O7: Eu3+ phosphors consist of a broad band due to the charge
transfer (CT) electronic transition, and several sharp peaks that can be attributed to the f–f transitions of Eu3+ and Gd3+. The PL spectra exhibited a stronger red emission corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition.
The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the phosphors were calculated and all the chromaticity coordinates have been placed in the red spectral region. These luminescent powders are expected to have potential applications for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and optical display systems.
Enhancement of Characteristics of Transparent Conductive Electrode on Flexible Substrate by Combination of Solution-Based Oxide and Metallic Layers
Authors: Hong Sung-Jei , Kim Yong-Hoon , Cha Seung-Jae , Kim Yong-Sung
Published: September 2015

This study investigates solution-processed transparent conductors with hybrid structure consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) layers fabricated on polymeric flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The transparent conductors
had stacked structures of AgNWs/ITO-NPs on 125-μm-thick PET and ITO-NPs/AgNWs/ITO-NPs on 125-μm-thick PET, 188-μm-thick PET, or 700-μm-thick glass substrate, respectively. Successful integrations were possible on the substrates without any deformation
or distortion. Sheet resistance of the triplelayered transparent conductor samples exhibits low values ranging from 22.41 Ω/□ to 22.99 Ω/□. Also, their optical transmittance exhibits high values ranging from 83.78 to 87.29% at 550 nm. The triple-layered transparent conductor
showed a good thermal stability in terms of sheet resistance and optical transmittance against the high-temperature environment up to 250 °C. All the double and triple-layered transparent conductors fabricated on PET and glass substrates are so stable against the accelerated thermal aging
from 110 °C to 130 °C, that ΔR/R0 and ΔT550/T0550 values exhibit less than 0.068 and 0.049, respectively. Furthermore, the layers are so flexible that ΔR/R0 of the layers on
PET substrates is lower than 0.1 even at 4.0-mm bending. Especially, triple-layered transparent conductor on 125-μm-thick PET substrates exhibits ΔR/R0 value of 0.042 even at 4.0 mm bending. Thus, it can be concluded that the hybrid structures have the
advantage of both thermal stability and flexibility for electrical and optical properties of transparent conductive electrode; which makes them highly applicable in flexible electronics.
Fabrication and Characterization of Copper-Based Nanoparticles for Transparent Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Yoon Hoi Jin , Bang Ki Su , Lee Seung-Yun
Published: September 2015

This paper reports on the fabrication of copper-based nanoparticles using microemulsions, and their optical properties for use in transparent solar cell applications. Microemulsions, containing pure copper nanoparticles, were prepared using the reaction process of CuCl2 with
KBH4. We have confirmed that various sized copper nanoparticles, with a radius of up to 10 nm, form within an aqueous concentration of CuCl2 ≤ 2.0 M. Using microstructural observation, we found that parts of pure copper nanoparticles, synthesized in microemulsions,
oxidize into cuprous oxide and agglomerate with one another in a normal atmosphere. The copper-based particles were then transferred to substrates by using a spin-coating process. Variations in spin speed led to significant changes in the transmittance and reflectance of the spin-coated particles.
Transparent and anti-reflective properties of the particles were obtained at an optimum condition of spin speed. This suggests that the fabrication of the copper-based nanoparticles can be effectively applied to the manufacturing of transparent solar cells.
Optical Properties of Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Thin Film Encapsulation Layers for Flexible Top-Emission Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: An Jae Seok , Jang Ha Jun , Park Cheol Young , Youn Hongseok , Lee Jong Ho , Heo Gi-Seok , Choi Bum Ho , Lee Choong Hun
Published: September 2015

Inorganic/organic hybrid thin film encapsulation layers consist of a thin Al2O3 layer together with polymer material. We have investigated optical properties of thin film encapsulation layers for topemission flexible organic light-emitting diodes. The transmittance
of hybrid thin film encapsulation layers and the electroluminescent spectrum of organic light-emitting diodes that were passivated by hybrid organic/inorganic thin film encapsulation layers were also examined as a function of the thickness of inorganic Al2O3 and monomer
layers. The number of interference peaks, their intensity, and their positions in the visible range can be controlled by varying the thickness of inorganic Al2O3 layer. On the other hand, changing the thickness of monomer layer had a negligible effect on the optical properties.
We also verified that there is a trade-off between transparency in the visible range and the permeation of water vapor in hybrid thin film encapsulation layers. As the number of dyads decreased, optical transparency improved while the water vapor permeation barrier was degraded. Our study
suggests that, in top-emission organic light-emitting diodes, the thickness of each thin film encapsulation layer, in particular that of the inorganic layer, and the number of dyads should be controlled for highly efficient top-emission flexible organic light-emitting diodes.
Reinforcing Effects of Poly(D-Lactide)-g-Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Polylactide Nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Jeong Hee , Lee Jae Yun , Chin In-Joo
Published: September 2015

Polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grafted with poly(L-lactide) or poly(D-lactide) were prepared by solution casting, and their thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated. MWNTs containing hydroxyl groups were treated by ring-opening polymerization
of either L-lactide or D-lactide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the MWNT surfaces had been modified by the PLLA or PDLA chains. The thermal properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties were
examined using a universal testing machine. The morphology of the fractured surfaces of the PLA nanocomposites was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PDLA-g-MWNTs were dispersed more uniformly compared to PLLA-g-MWNTs in the PLA matrix.
The incorporation of PDLA-g-MWNTs greatly improved the tensile strength of the nanocomposites regardless of the contents. Thermal analysis revealed different characteristics at specific composites depending on the type of modification.
Optical Characterization on Perovskite Zirconate Nanocrystals
Authors: Noh Miru , Lee Y. S.
Published: September 2015

We performed an optical study on the electronic properties of perovskite zirconate AZrO3 (A = Ca and Ba) nanocrystals (NCs), which depend strongly on the size of A ion as well as the postannealing process. The zirconate NCs were synthesized in the combustion
method, which was found to be quite effective for synthesizing highly orthorhombic CaZrO3 NCs in the sense that their grain sizes are relatively larger and as-synthesized NCs do not include any raw material phase in the XRD pattern, compared with the cubic BaZrO3 NCs.The
room-temperature visible emission is commonly quite strong in both NCs. Interestingly, the dominance of the green-yellow emission over the violet-blue emission with increasing the post-annealing temperature (Tanneal) appears to be in agreement with the formation of the mid-gap
state identified in the absorption spectra. While the optical bandgaps of NCs increased with increasing Tanneal, a systematic trend that the optical bandgap in the AZrO3 NCs decreased with the increasingly larger size of the A ion occurred. We discuss
our findings in relation to the oxygen vacancy formation, lattice distortion, and size effect.
Formation of Nanocrystalline Surface of Cu–Sn Alloy Foam Electrochemically Produced for Li-Ion Battery Electrode
Authors: Ye Bora , Kim Sunjung
Published: September 2015

Cu–Sn alloy foam is a promising electrode material for Li-ion batteries. In this study, Cu–Sn alloy foam was produced by diffusion-limited electrodeposition in alkaline electrolyte using polyurethane (PU) foam template. Our major concern is to form Cu–Sn alloy foam
with nanocrystalline surface morphology by adjusting electrodeposition conditions such as deposition potential and metal ion concentration. Cu–Sn alloy layers comprising of nanoclusters such as nanospheres, nanoellipsoids, and nanoflakes were created depending on electrodeposition conditions.
Larger surface area of nanocluster-interconnected Cu–Sn alloy layer was created when both Sn concentration and negative deposition potential were higher. After decomposing PU template thermally, Cu–Sn alloy foam of Cu, Cu6Sn5, and Cu3Sn phases was
finally produced.
Influence of Oxygen to Argon Ratio on the Optical Band Gap of Bi3.25La0.75Fe1Ti2O12 Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering
Authors: Han Jun Young , Bark Chung Wung
Published: September 2015

Achieving wide band gap tunability in ferroelectric perovskite oxides is desirable for the development of photovoltaic device applications and solar cells. To tune the wide band gap of perovskite oxides, ferroelectric iron doped BLT thin films (BLFT) on SrTiO3 substrates
were fabricated by RF sputtering with simple control of the oxygen content. The structural and optical properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. As the oxygen content in the mixed Ar+O2 atmosphere
was increased from 0% to 50%, the optical band gap of the thin films were decreased from 2.8 eV to 2.64 eV. The BLFT film deposited at an Ar/O2 ratio of 1/1 exhibited a significantly lower optical band gap than the other samples. This simple sputtering approach to controlling the
band gap with a simple method can provide a new candidate tool for manipulating optoelectronics devices.
Effects of Sb Content (x) on (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 Thermoelectric Thin Film Deposited by Effusion Cell Evaporator
Authors: Yong Ho , Na Sekwon , Gang Jun-Gu , Jeon Seong-Jae , Hyun Seungmin , Lee Hoo-Jeong
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the effects of the Sb content (х) on (Bi1−xSbx–2Te3 thermoelectric films with х changing widely from 0 (Sb2Te3) to 1 (Bi2 Te3). First,
the XRD analysis discloses that with the Sb content (x) increasing, the phase changed gradually from Bi2Te3 to Sb2Te3 as Sb atoms replaced substitutionally Bi atoms. Further microstructure analysis reveals that an extensive grain growth occurred
during post-annealing for the samples with high Sb contents. According to the measurement of electrical and thermoelectric properties, the polarity of the charge carrier and Seebeck coefficient switched n-type to p-type in the range of x = 0.45∼0.63. For the n-type
samples, the power factor is highest when x = 0.18 around 46.01 μW/K2 whereas Sb2Te3, for the p-type samples, shows the highest value, 62.48 μW/K2cm.
The Impact of a Variable Mixing Efficiency on the Abyssal Overturning
Authors: de Lavergne Casimir , Madec Gurvan , Le Sommer Julien , Nurser A. J. George , Naveira Garabato Alberto C.
Published: September 2015

In studies of ocean mixing, it is generally assumed that small-scale turbulent overturns lose 15%–20% of their energy in eroding the background stratification. Accumulating evidence that this energy fraction, or mixing efficiency Rf, significantly varies depending on flow properties challenges this assumption, however. Here, the authors examine the implications of a varying mixing efficiency for ocean energetics and deep-water mass transformation. Combining current parameterizations of internal wave-driven mixing with a recent model expressing Rf as a function of a turbulence intensity parameter Reb = εν/νN2, the ratio of dissipation εν to stratification N2 and molecular viscosity ν, it is shown that accounting for reduced mixing efficiencies in regions of weak stratification or energetic turbulence (high Reb) strongly limits the ability of breaking internal waves to supply oceanic potential energy and drive abyssal upwelling. Moving from a fixed Rf = 1/6 to a variable efficiency Rf(Reb) causes Antarctic Bottom Water upwelling induced by locally dissipating internal tides and lee waves to fall from 9 to 4 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and the corresponding potential energy source to plunge from 97 to 44 GW. When adding the contribution of remotely dissipating internal tides under idealized distributions of energy dissipation, the total rate of Antarctic Bottom Water upwelling is reduced by about a factor of 2, reaching 5–15 Sv, compared to 10–33 Sv for a fixed efficiency. The results suggest that distributed mixing, overflow-related boundary processes, and geothermal heating are more effective in consuming abyssal waters than topographically enhanced mixing by breaking internal waves. These calculations also point to the importance of accurately constraining Rf(Reb) and including the effect in ocean models.
Combination of Lidar and Model Data for Studying Deep Gravity Wave Propagation
Authors: Ehard Benedikt , Achtert Peggy , Dörnbrack Andreas , Gisinger Sonja , Gumbel Jörg , Khaplanov Mikhail , Rapp Markus , Wagner Johannes
Published: September 2015

The paper presents a feasible method to complement ground-based middle atmospheric Rayleigh lidar temperature observations with numerical simulations in the lower stratosphere and troposphere to study gravity waves. Validated mesoscale numerical simulations are utilized to complement the temperature below 30-km altitude. For this purpose, high-temporal-resolution output of the numerical results was interpolated on the position of the lidar in the lee of the Scandinavian mountain range. Two wintertime cases of orographically induced gravity waves are analyzed. Wave parameters are derived using a wavelet analysis of the combined dataset throughout the entire altitude range from the troposphere to the mesosphere. Although similar in the tropospheric forcings, both cases differ in vertical propagation. The combined dataset reveals stratospheric wave breaking for one case, whereas the mountain waves in the other case could propagate up to about 40-km altitude. The lidar observations reveal an interaction of the vertically propagating gravity waves with the stratopause, leading to a stratopause descent in both cases.
Community-based child protection with Palestinian refugees in South Lebanon: Engendering hope and safety
Authors: O’Leary Patrick , Hutchinson Aisha , Squire Jason
Published: August 2015

Engendering hope with refugee children is an important role of those working in child protection. This article reports on one part of an evaluation of a community-based child protection project working with Palestinian refugees in southern Lebanon. Validated tools were used to measure levels of hope in 222 children and young people before and after social work intervention. Results were compared to a smaller group of similar children who received no intervention. Children who received social work intervention were shown to have significant improvement in hope. Results highlight the need for early intervention and in some cases intensive contact.
The Value of Mentorship
Authors: Simon Lawrence M.
Published: August 2015

The recent Young Physicians needs assessment survey identified mentorship as the single greatest need for this demographic, which includes physicians under 40 years of age or in their first 8 years of practice after completion of training. Much has been written in textbooks and other journals about mentorship, and as young physicians are certainly not alone in this need, mentorship has become a key focus of future Academy endeavors. Serving as Chair of the Young Physicians Section over the past year has afforded me the opportunity to interact with a variety of dynamic and engaging leaders in our Academy, and herein I provide a synopsis of what these experiences have taught me as well as provide some of the most important pearls that I have picked up along the way.
Dance as Prevention of Late Life Functional Decline Among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Machacova Katerina , Vankova Hana , Volicer Ladislav , Veleta Petr , Holmerova Iva
Published: August 2015

Late life deterioration of functional status is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased cost of care. This trial was conducted to determine whether dance-based intervention could reverse functional decline among nursing home (NH) residents. A total of 189 residents of seven NHs in the Czech Republic were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. More detailed data were collected in a subsample of 52 participants. Intervention consisted of 3-month dance-based exercise. Functional status was assessed by the get-up-and-go test, basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and senior fitness tests (SFTs). Participants in the control group experienced a significant decline in get-up-and-go test, IADL, and in four of the six SFTs. The intervention proved to be effective in preventing this deterioration and improved chair stand test and chair sit-and-reach test. The findings indicate that a relatively simple dance-based exercise can slow down deterioration of functional status in NH residents.
UNASUR Health: A quiet revolution in health diplomacy in South America
Authors: Herrero María Belén , Tussie Diana
Published: August 2015

Since the creation of Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), health policies became a strategic factor in South America to collectively balance the legacy of neoliberal policies in the region. The aim of this article is first to describe the social, political, and economic processes that explain the emergence of UNASUR and its focus on social policy through healthcare. We then analyze how by virtue of UNASUR’s Health Council, healthcare became the spearhead of cooperation giving way to novel forms of diplomacy. In so doing, this article contributes to a broader understanding of the regional health diplomacy and the process of unasurization of health policies as the process of building a new health framework.
Ethnic, gender and class intersections in British women’s leadership experiences
Authors: Showunmi Victoria , Atewologun Doyin , Bebbington Diane
Published: August 2015

A qualitative study was conducted to examine how gender and ethnicity influenced leadership experiences of a mixed ethnic sample of British women. An intersectional framework was used which took the viewpoint that socio-demographic identities should be considered simultaneously in order to challenge universalist, gender and ethnic neutral assumptions of leadership. One hundred and thirty women of white, black, Asian and mixed ethnicity in senior management and leadership positions from a broad range of sectors participated in focus groups and interviews exploring leadership constructions and enactment. White women’s leadership definitions reflected contemporary leadership models. In contrast, minority ethnic women defined leadership using predominantly ethno-cultural lenses, which informed their self-identities and orientation towards others. Regarding enacting leader identities, white women described historical gender and class barriers to enacting leadership, while minority ethnic women described current barriers linked to ethnic and religious identities. Practical implications for women’s leader identity development and theoretical implications for developing more inclusive leadership theories are discussed.