bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging of mass distributions from partial domain measurement
Authors: Hrizi Mourad , Novotny Antonio Andre , Hassine Maatoug
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with an inverse source problem governed by the Poisson equation. The aim is to reconstruct multiple anomalies from internal observation data within an arbitrary sub-region. The considered model problem is motivated by various applications such as the identification of geological anomalies underneath the Earth’s surface. To overcome the ill-posedness, the inverse problem is formulated as a self-regularized topology optimization one. Aleast-squarefunctional measuring the misfit between the observed quantities and the values provided by the model problem is introduced. The misfit function involves a regularization term penalizing the relative perimeter of the unknown domain. Finally, it is minimized with respect to a finite number of circular-shaped anomalies. The existence and stability of the solution to the inverse problem are demonstrated. The reconstruction process is based on the topological derivative method. The variation of the shape functional with respect to a small geometric perturbation is studied, and the leading terms of a second-order topological asymptotic expansion are derived. A non-iterative reconstruction algorithm is developed via the minimization of the obtained asymptotic formula with respect to the location and size parameters of the unknown set of anomalies. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach are justified by some numerical experiments.
Prevention of external auditory canal exostosis in the Colorado whitewater community
Authors: Wille Annalise E. , Pazdernik Vanessa K. , Sassounian Nicole , Glaser Kelli
Published: March 2022

Context

External auditory canal exostoses (EACE) are bony formations that develop insidiously in the auditory meatus from chronic exposure to cold water and, in severe cases, require surgery. This condition has been understudied in the whitewater kayakers and not yet studied in the riverboarding population. Precautions such as earplugs are thought to prevent the formation of EACE because they mechanically block cold water from contacting the sensitive skin in the external auditory canal; however, earplugs are not commonly utilized by athletes. Inquiring about hobbies and the use of protective equipment can be done during osteopathic physicians’ preventive care visits.

Objectives

This article aims to determine the prevalence of EACE in Colorado whitewater athletes and their attitudes about wearing ear protection before and after an educational intervention directed at increasing awareness and prevention of EACE.

Methods

In July 2020, participants of this cross-sectional study completed a 10-min survey that collected demographics, whitewater experience, and perceptions of EACE, followed by an educational intervention. Participant ears were photographed utilizing a digital otoscope to assess EACE, and severity ratings were categorized into one of four occlusion levels: none (0%), mild (<25%), moderate (25–75%), or severe (>75%). Spearman correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were utilized to assess changes in attitudes before and after the educational intervention.

Results

Eighty-one participants (mean [SD] age = 36.3 [12.6] years, 25.9% female) completed the study: 74 kayakers and seven riverboarders. After the intervention, 60.5% (49/81) (p<0.001) reported greater understanding of EACE and 75.0% (60/80) were more likely to wear ear protection (p<0.001). Most (58.0%, 47/81) never wore ear protection. Of the 61 (75.0%) participants with at least one ear severity rating, most (55.7%, 34/61) had moderate EACE, 29.5% (18/61) had no to mild EACE, and 14.8% (9/61) had severe EACE (p<0.001). Impaired hearing was the biggest barrier to utilizing ear protection (51.6%, 33/64).

Conclusions

Our results suggested that the educational intervention improved understanding of EACE and may increase utilization of ear protection in this population. Such prevention efforts may lead to better health of whitewater paddlers by reducing the incidence of EACE. Encouraging osteopathic physicians to inquire about hobbies and protective equipment during primary care preventive visits is essential to help keep athletes in the river doing what they love for longer, contributing to a healthier and happier whole person.
Pediatric adrenal insufficiency: thirty years experience at a Portuguese hospital
Authors: Mosca Sara M. F. S. , Santos Tiago S. , Mendes Ana C. B. , Ribeiro Luís F. M. , Freitas Joana M. C. , Oliveira Maria J. R. , Rocha Carla A. , Borges Teresa M. S.
Published: March 2022

Background

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition caused by an impaired secretion of the adrenal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. It comprises a heterogeneous group of primary, secondary and acquired disorders. Presentation differs according to the child’s age, but it usually presents with nonspecific and insidious symptoms and signs. The main purpose of this study was to describe and compare patients with primary or secondary AI.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all patients with adrenal insufficiency followed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit in a tertiary care Portuguese hospital over the last 30 years. Data on family history, age at the first manifestation and at etiological diagnosis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, signs and laboratory evaluation) was gathered for all patients.

Results

Twenty-eight patients with AI were included; 67.9% were male, with a median (25th–75th percentile, P25–P75) age of 1 (0.5–36) month at the first presentation. The principal diagnostic categories were panhypopituitarism (42.9%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (25%). The most frequent manifestations (75%) were vomiting and weight loss. They were followed for a median (P25–P75) period of 3.5 (0.6–15.5) years. In respect to neurodevelopmental delay and learning difficulties, they were more common in the secondary AI group.

Conclusions

Despite medical advances, the diagnosis and management of AI remains a challenge, particularly in the pediatric population, and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion. An early identification of AI can prevent a potential lethal outcome, which may result from severe cardiovascular and hemodynamic instability.
Spectrum of PAH gene mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency from Turkey
Authors: Çınar Müge , Kılıç Yıldırım Gonca , Kocagil Sinem , Çilingir Oğuz
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The aim of our study was to define the genotype–phenotype correlations of mutations in the PAH gene among the Turkey’s Central Anatolian region.

Methods

Demographic characteristics of 108 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and 94 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by PAH gene analysis (Sanger DNA Sequence Analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing) were determined retrospectively. Blood phenylalanine levels were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method.

Results

Mild HPA-not-requiring-treatment (NT) was found in 50.9% of the patients, and a classical phenylketonuria (PKU) phenotype was found in 25.9%. Forty-seven types of variants were identified. The predominant variants were p.Ala403Val (9.9%), p.Ala300Ser (9.4%), and c.1066-11G>A (splicing) (9.4%). Missense mutations accounted for 68% of mutations and attenuated the clinical impact; splice variations were found in 14.8% of cases with severe features. The p.Thr380Met allele was specific to the mild HPA-NT group. The c.1066-11G>A (splicing) allele was associated with classical PKU, whereas the p.Arg408Trp allele was linked to severe symptoms. Three variations of unknown clinical significance were discovered: c.706+4A>T (splicing), c.843-5T>C (splicing), and p.Thr323=. Of these variants, the patient who was homozygous for the c.843-5T>C (splicing) allele related to the classical PKU phenotype. 70% of the patients who underwent tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) test were responsive. Phenotypes that responded to BH4 treatment were mostly mild phenotypes.

Conclusions

The PAH genotype is the main factor that determines the phenotype of PKU. Establishing the relationship between the identified genetic mutations and phenotypic characteristics will provide very important data for each patient in terms of the specific management style.
The Dead Past Dilemma
Authors: Pezet Robert E.
Published: March 2022

A temporal levels structure for temporal metaphysics is outlined and employed to convey a dilemma threatening the temporal collapse ofGrowing-Block Theoriesto their meta-temporal level. The outline further explains howPresentismoccupies a privileged (default) position in that temporal levels structure. Moreover, that dilemma relies crucially on the acceptance of productive causation as explaining additions to the growing block, for which it is argued any reasonable growing-block theory should incorporate. The dilemma’s first horn considers growing-block theories where productive causes are only so when present; the second, growing-block theories where productive causes continue being so when past. Either way, growing-block theory collapses intoAccruing-Present Theory: whereby all entities survive into succeedingpresent“blocks” of existents. It is argued, thepresentnessof surviving entities undermines their intended theoretical role, undercutting motivations for believing accruing-present theses. Ultimately, I recommend rejection of both growing-block and accruing-present theses based on these explanatory inadequacies.
Localization ofk×j-rough Heyting algebras
Authors: Almiñana Federico , Pelaitay Gustavo
Published: March 2022

k-rough Heyting algebras were introduced by Eric San Juan in 2008 as an algebraic formalism for reasoning on finite increasing sequences over Boolean algebras in general and on generalizations of rough set concepts in particular. In 2020, we defined and studied the variety ofk×j-rough Heyting algebras. These algebras constitute an extension of Heyting algebras and in the casej= 2 they coincide withk-rough Heyting algebras. In this note, we introduce the notion ofk×j-ideal onk×j-rough Heyting algebras which allows us to consider a topology of them. Besides, we define the concept of 𝓕-multiplier, where 𝓕 is a topology on ak×j-rough Heyting algebraA, which is used to construct the localizationk×j-rough Heyting algebrasA𝓕. Furthermore, we prove that thek×j-rough Heyting algebras of fractionsASassociated with a ∧ -closed subsetSofAis ak×j-rough Heyting algebra of localization. Finally, in the finite case we prove thatASis isomorphic to a special subalgebra ofA. Since 3-valued Łukasiewicz –Moisil algebras are a particular case ofk×j-rough Heyting algebras, all these results generalize those obtained in 2005 by Chirtes and Busneag.
Meet infinite distributivity for congruence lattices of direct sums of algebras
Authors: Ghumashyan Heghine , Guričan Jaroslav
Published: March 2022

We study meet infinite distributivity (MID) in congruence lattices of direct sums of algebras. The main result of this note is that in a congruence distributive variety the MID of congruence lattices is preserved by direct sums of algebras, it means that the congruence lattice of a direct sum of algebras is MID if and only if a congruence lattice of every constituent algebra is MID.
Gate-tuned graphene meta-devices for dynamically controlling terahertz wavefronts
Authors: Li Qiushi , Cai Xiaodong , Liu Tong , Jia Min , Wu Qiong , Zhou Haoyang , Liu Huanhuan , Wang Qianqian , Ling Xiaohui , Chen Cong , Ding Fan , He Qiong , Zhang Yuanbo , Xiao Shiyi , Zhou Lei
Published: March 2022

Dynamical controls on terahertz (THz) wavefronts are crucial for many applications, but available mechanism requests tunable elements with sub-micrometer sizes that are difficult to find in the THz regime. Here, different from the local-tuning mechanism, we propose an alternative approach to construct wavefront-control meta-devices combining specifically designed metasurfaces and globally tuned graphene layers. Coupled-mode-theory (CMT) analyses reveal that graphene serves as a tunable loss to drive the whole meta-device to transit from one functional phase to another passing through an intermediate regime, exhibiting distinct far-field (FF) reflection wavefronts. As a proof of concept, we design/fabricate a graphene meta-device and experimentally demonstrate that it can reflect normally incident THz wave to pre-designed directions with different polarizations under appropriate gating voltages. We finally design a graphene meta-device and numerically demonstrate that it can generate vectorial THz beams with continuously varying polarization distributions upon gating. These findings pave the road to realizing a wide range of THz applications, such as sensing, imaging, and wireless communications.
The Nietzsche Pilgrimage of Nikos Kazantzakis and Elli Lambridi
Authors: Murray Peter Durno
Published: March 2022

After meeting in Zurich, Nikos Kazantzakis and Elli Lambridi undertook a number of Nietzsche pilgrimages in Switzerland together in 1918, beginning with a trip to Silvaplana. At the time, Kazantzakis had written a thesis on Nietzsche and had translatedThe Birth of Tragedy(1872) andThus Spoke Zarathustra(1883–85) into Greek, while Elli Lambridi was enrolled in a PhD in philosophy at the University of Zurich writing on Aristotle. They continually debated the nature of the philosopher-type in relation to Nietzsche and Dionysianism, and this philosophical engagement is the central topic of this paper. Lambridi envisaged a Dionysian philosopher fully engaged in an ethical and natural life within a community of others and also envisaged a derived politics of affirmative communal responsibility. Kazantzakis considered that the philosopher should take a much more Apolline, spiritually focused and solitary path, continually ascending toward heroic self-redemption. As well as examining their recorded exchanges, this paper also addresses the fictional resumption of their relationship inThe New People, a novel which Lambridi wrote some time after Kazantzakis’ death. In the novel, they resume their discussion of the philosopher-type in 2118, in an eternal recurrence event. In the end, the male character, Petros, learns that the grounding event of a Dionysian Nietzscheanism is an instinctive promise of responsibility for the future of others.
In silico design of ACE2 mutants for competitive binding of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain with hACE2
Authors: Lim Theam Soon , Choong Yee Siew
Published: March 2022

The receptor binding motif (RBM) within the S-protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been touted as one of the main targets for vaccine/therapeutic development due to its interaction with the human angiotensin II converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) to facilitate virus entry into the host cell. The mechanism of action is based on the disruption of binding between the RBM and the hACE2 to prevent virus uptake for replication. In this work, we applied in silico approaches to design specific competitive binders for SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor binding motif (RBM) by using hACE2 peptidase domain (PD) mutants. Online single point mutation servers were utilised to estimate the effect of PD mutation on the binding affinity with RBM. The PD mutants were then modelled and the binding free energy was calculated. Three PD variants were designed with an increased affinity and interaction with SARS-CoV-2-RBM. It is hope that these designs could serve as the initial work for vaccine/drug development and could eventually interfere the preliminary recognition between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell.
Covid-19 und Public-Health-Ethik. Gerechtigkeit ernst nehmen
Authors: Wild Verina , Heilinger Jan-Christoph , Thompson Alison
Published: March 2022

Zentraler Ausgangspunkt für die ethische Diskussion public-health-bezogener Fragen, wie dem Pandemiemanagement, ist die bestehende soziale Ungleichheit in der Gesundheit und die damit zusammenhängende soziale Gerechtigkeit. Hieraus entsteht kein Widerspruch zwischen Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit. Freiheitliche Grundrechte können nur ausgehend von einem gerechtigkeitsbezogenen Ansatz gesichert werden. Auf dieser Basis müssen Vulnerabilitäten identifiziert und Maßnahmen entwickelt werden.
Die Macht des Wettbewerbs
Authors: Leendertz Ariane
Published: March 2022

Ab Mitte der 1990er Jahre verschrieb sich die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) ähnlich wie ein global agierendes Unternehmen der ständigen Optimierung ihrer internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Ebenso wie die Wirtschaft mussten sich auch die Wissenschaftsorganisationen laufend optimieren und strategisch positionieren, um im nunmehr globalen Wettbewerb nicht zurückzufallen. Andernfalls, so argumentierten die Präsidenten der MPG, war der gesellschaftliche Wohlstand in Deutschland in Gefahr. Ariane Leendertz zeigt, wie sich um die Jahrtausendwende eine Ökonomisierung der politischen Sprache der MPG und der gesellschaftlichen Legitimation der Forschungsförderung vollzog. Sie diskutiert auch, welche institutionellen und inhaltlichen Konsequenzen sich mit dieser Ökonomisierung verbinden lassen.
Pius XI. in der spanischen Arena
Authors: Sáenz Rotko José Manuel
Published: March 2022

Der Autor beleuchtet die Haltung des Heiligen Stuhls im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Er analysiert, warum Papst Pius XI. Partei zugunsten der Aufständischen unter General Franco ergriff, lange bevor der Ausgang des Konflikts absehbar war. Quellen aus den Archiven des Vatikan eröffnen neue Perspektiven auf Entscheidungen und Strategien des Heiligen Stuhls. Sie lassen darauf schließen, dass der Papst vor allem aus einem Grund auf Franco zuging: Er wollte der Gefahr einer nationalsozialistischen Infiltration des Franco-Staats in statu nascendi begegnen. Nachdem im Deutschen Reich 1937 der „Kirchenkampf“ eskaliert war, vollzog der Heilige Stuhl einen radikalen Strategiewechsel in seiner Spanienpolitik. Der völkerrechtlichen Anerkennung Francos folgte ein intensives diplomatisches Engagement mit dem Ziel, den deutschen Einfluss wenn nicht zu brechen, so doch zu marginalisieren. Der Vatikan gewann das ideologische Ringen gegen Hitler: Franco gründete sein Regime auf das Fundament einer traditionalistisch-reaktionären Weltanschauung; die katholische Kirche wurde zu einem seiner Eckpfeiler.
Die erfundene „Trümmerfrau“
Authors: Tschiggerl Martin , Walach Thomas
Published: March 2022

2018 eröffnete der damalige österreichische Vizekanzler Heinz-Christian Strache von der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs in Wien feierlich ein Denkmal für die österreichischen „Trümmerfrauen“, was eine breit geführte öffentliche Debatte über deren Stellenwert und Bedeutung auslöste. Der vorliegende Beitrag wirft auf der Basis bisher kaum bearbeiteter Quellenbestände ein Schlaglicht auf die Tatsachen hinter dieser stark emotionalisierten Diskussion. Zwei Feststellungen liefern dazu die Grundlage: Laut den vorliegenden Quellen waren Männer in der Trümmerbeseitigung überrepräsentiert. Bei ebendiesen Trümmerarbeiterinnen und -arbeitern handelte es sich zum Großteil um ehemalige Angehörige der NS-Bewegung, die per Verfassungsgesetz zur Arbeit verpflichtet waren. Im Zentrum des Beitrags steht daher auch die Frage, wie aus dieser gesetzlich verordneten „Notstandsarbeit“ eine spezifisch österreichische Vorstellung von den „Trümmerfrauen“ entstehen konnte.
Explaining Ethnic Differences in Access to VET in German-Speaking Switzerland: the Effects of Application Behavior and Resources
Authors: Nennstiel Richard
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper is to explain ethnic differences in the transition from school to vocational education and training (VET) in German-speaking Switzerland. I examine the impact of application behavior and resource endowment on access to VET and the number of applications submitted. Even after controlling for differences in resource endowment, I find clear ethnic penalties in success rates and the number of applications submitted between natives and minority students. Once I introduce different application behavior in my models, ethnic differences in success rates either diminish sharply or even vanish. However, substantial ethnic penalties remain in the number of applications submitted. There are therefore indications of discrimination in the application process on the Swiss–German VET market.
Thesen zum Selbstverständnis der Technikwissenschaft*
Authors: Spur Günter
Published: March 2022

Die Notwendigkeit zur Erneuerung eines ganzheitlichen, marktorientierten Technologiemanagements kann nicht stark genug betont werden. Es gilt, mit einer breiten Offensive in Forschung, Lehre und industrieller Praxis die Voraussetzungen für die Umsetzung innovativer Ideen in erfolgreiche Produkte zu schaffen.
Einführung einer neuen Produktionstechnologie
Authors: Westkämper Engelbert , Bauer Andreas , Zahn Alexander
Published: March 2022

Bei der Einführung neuer Produktionstechnologien in die Serienfertigung sind die betroffenen Prozesse und Baugruppen oftmals nicht für eine sofortige Umstellung geeignet. Dies erfordert eine besondere Strategie, die möglichst alle Potentiale sowie die Anforderungen integriert. Der folgende Beitrag stellt verschiedene Einführungsstrategien dar und beschreibt einen möglichen Weg zur Umstellung.
Vernetzte Entwicklung komplexer mechatronischer Produkte
Authors: Reinhart Gunther , Bauer Lothar , Meier Hans , Wagner Peter , Weißenberger Martin
Published: March 2022

Durch die Zusammenführung mechanischer, elektronischer und informationstechnischer Funktionen zu mechatronischen Systemen eröffnen sich neue Marktpotentiale. Jedoch ermöglicht die Integration der genannten Funktionsbereiche nicht nur vorteilhafte Produkteigenschaften, sondern führt auch zu einer Erhöhung der Produktkomplexität. Um dennoch schnell und flexibel hochwertige Produkte entwickeln zu können, ist die Produktentwicklung an die Anforderungen der Mechatronik anzupassen.
Grenzen und Probleme der Gruppenarbeit
Authors: Stawowy Georg , Wimmer Ralf , Kabel Dirk
Published: March 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden an fünf betrieblichen Beispielen aus deutschen Industrieunternehmen Faktoren und Bedingungen herausgearbeitet und vorgestellt, die die Einführung und Weiterentwicklung von Gruppenarbeit fördern oder auch be- oder gar verhindern können. Es sollen damit auch Lösungshilfen angeboten werden, wie Gruppenarbeit in Unternehmen „reifer“ werden kann.
Was kommt nach der Reorganisation?
Authors: Boekhoff Hanno , Gronau Norbert
Published: March 2022

Unternehmerisches Handeln wird wesentlich durch die Frage geprägt, wie die Effizienz der Organisation und damit die Position des Unternehmens am Markt gesteigert werden kann. Häufig werden zur Leistungssteigerung der Organisation EDV-Lösungen eingeführt. Nicht auszuschließen ist jedoch, daß diese die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen nicht immer erfüllen. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen sind über traditionelle Hierarchien hinausgehende organisatorische Maßnahmen wesentlich wirkungsvoller. Auf Dauer haben solche Maßnahmen nur dann Erfolg, wenn neben der Veränderung der Organisationsstruktur auch eine Veränderung der Organisationskultur und hier insbesondere der Führungskultur stattfindet.
Die Anfänge der Psychotechnik an der TH Berlin-Charlottenburg 1918 bis 1924
Authors: Spur Günter , Klooster Thorsten
Published: March 2022

Die Psychotechnik wurde im Jahre 1918 als Institution durch die Etablierung einer Arbeitsgruppe für industrielle Psychotechnik am Lehrstuhl für Werkzeugmaschinen, Fabrikanlagen und Fabrikbetriebe der TH Berlin-Charlottenburg gegründet. Einer der Wegbereiter war Georg Schlesinger, der eine Schlüsselrolle in der Institutionalisierung der Psychotechnik als eigenständiger Disziplin einnahm.
Who Can Be Fooled? Modeling Facial Impressions of Gullibility
Authors: Jaeger Bastian , Meral Erdem O.
Published: March 2022

The success of acts of deceit and exploitation depends on how trusting and naïve (i.e., gullible) targets are. In three preregistered studies, using both theory-driven and data-driven approaches, we examined how people form impressions of gullibility based on targets' facial appearance. We find significant consensus in gullibility impressions, suggesting that people have a somewhat shared representation of what a gullible person looks like (Study 1, n = 294). Gullibility impressions is based on different cues than trustworthiness or dominance impressions, suggesting that they constitute dissociable facial stereotypes (Study 2, n = 403). Examining a wide range of facial features, we find that gullibility impressions are primarily based on resemblance to an angry facial expression. We also find that young, female, and smiling individuals were seen as more gullible (Study 3, n = 209). These findings suggest that gullibility impressions are based on cues linked to low levels of perceived threat.
PM10 and the air quality stress index in an industrial city of Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Verouti Eleni , Gavathas Dimitrios , Mavraki Anastasios
Published: March 2022

The contribution of PM10 to the daily Air Quality Stress Index (AQSI) was examined in a heavily affected industrial city of Eastern Mediterranean (Aspropyrgos, Greece). For this purpose, hourly values of four pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10) were analyzed between 2012 and 2020, revealing that the main contributor to AQSI levels came from PM10 (between 17% and 90% to the daily AQSI), with a moderate annual variability and a spring peak. Excluding PM10, the AQSI always remained below the threshold of 0.8. To identify the atmospheric source of PM10 peaks, the Flextra - Air mass trajectories model was applied to 47 cases when the upper thresholds were exceeded. The empirical results of the model show that dust transport episodes, mainly from Sahara Desert, contribute to the daily levels of PM10 and, for generalization, to AQSI.
PROTEOMIC VIEW ON GLUTEN STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOUR AND BREAD SAMPLES BY USING BOTTOM UP PROTEOMICS AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: GÜNEŞ ALTUNTAŞ Evrim , YILDIZHAN Hatice , DASTOURİ Mohammad Reza , ÖZEL F. Duygu
Published: March 2022

In the current study, some proteomic methods containing 2D-PAGE and FT-IR techniques were performed to screen gliadin, the subunit of gluten protein, and transformation between α and β sheet forms of this protein was evaluated. The protein concentration of the samples varied between flour types and also cooked form of these samples. We focused on Amide A, Amide I and phosphorylated protein regions on the spectrums achieved by FT-IR. Gliadin structure was dramatically differed when the raw material was formed in baked form. While Amide A vibration which is related to N-H streching increased for the bread form of the white flour, Amide I which is related to C=O streching decreased when the raw material changed in the cooked form. It can be concluded that the type of flour used in bread production and the type of baking were effective on gluten structure and amount of the final product.
The Exotic in Nineteenth-Century French Opera, Part 2: Plots, Characters, and Musical Devices
Authors: Locke Ralph P.
Published: March 2022

Nineteenth-century French opera is renowned for its obsession with “the exotic”—that is, with lands and peoples either located far away from “us” Western Europeans or understood as being very different from us. One example: hyper-passionate Spaniards and “Gypsies” in Bizet’s Carmen. Most discussions of the role that the exotic plays in nineteenth-century French opera focus on a few standard-repertory works (mainly serious in nature), rather than looking at a wider range of significant works performed at the time in various theaters, e.g., the Opéra, the Opéra-Comique, and Offenbach’s Bouffes-Parisiens.

The present article attempts to survey the repertory broadly. Part 1 examines various “different” (or Other) lands and peoples frequently represented on stage in French operas. Part 2 discusses typical plots and character types found in these operas (sometimes regardless of the particular exotic land that was chosen) and concludes by exploring the musical means that were often employed to impel the drama and to convey the specific qualities of the people or ethnic group being represented (as a community—through chorus and authority figures—and through the feelings and actions of individual characters). These musical means could include special or unusual traits: either all-purpose style markers of the exotic generally (oddities, one might say) or more specific style markers associated with an identifiable people or region (e.g., tunes, rhythms, and other devices understood as signaling one particular region). But the musical means could also include any of the rich fund of devices that opera composers normally used when creating drama and defining character: melodic, harmonic, structural, and so on. This last point is often neglected or misunderstood in discussions of “the exotic in music,” which tend instead to focus primarily on elements that indisputably “point to” (as if semiotically) the specific land or people that the work is seeking to evoke or represent.

In both Parts 1 and 2, instances are chosen from works that were often quite successfully performed at the time in French-speaking regions and that, even if little known today, can at least be consulted through recordings or videos. The works come from the standard recognized operatic genres: e.g., five-act grands opéras, three-act opéras-comiques, and short works in bouffe style. Composers whose works are mentioned, or discussed in some detail, include (among others) Adam, Auber, Berlioz, Bizet, Chabrier, Clapisson, Félicien David, Delibes, Flotow, Gomis, Gounod, Halévy, Messager, Meyerbeer, Hippolyte Monpou, Offenbach, Ernest Reyer, Saint-Saëns, Ambroise Thomas, and Verdi (Les vêpres siciliennes, Don Carlos).

Examining certain lesser-known works reveals merits that have gone relatively unheralded. As for the better-known works, approaching them in this wide-angled way grants us a richer appreciation of their strengths and their often-enlivening internal contradictions.
The Definition and the Issue of Climate Refugees in the Light of International Law
Authors:   Doctoral School of Social Sciences, University of Bialystok, Poland, Leszczuk Sylwia
Published: March 2022

As the problem of global warming and subsequent climate change becomes more and more pronounced, causing a lot of difficulties for the communities all over the world, and for the whole humankind as well, the need to focus on some of the aspects of such state off affairs arises among researchers and in the political discourse. Some of the problems that sprung out of the changes in our environment create the need for a new legal solutions, or the need to at least redefine the ones that are already set in place. One of such problems is the phenomenon of „climate refugees”. Droughts, food insecurity, degradation of drinking water, rising sea levels, storm surges and infectious diseases, all of which could be linked (directly or indirectly) to the changes brought about by the global warming and all of those can be reasons that could force people out of their habitual homes in search of better living conditions, and even due to the need to save their health and life. Having that in mind, this article raises the issue of so called climate refugees, people displaced due to the negative changes taking place in the environment, which, based on scientific reports, may be related to the negative impact of a human activity, both of sudden and long-term occurrence. The text presents proposals for defining the discussed phenomenon and addresses the issue of the lack of an appropriate legal framework regulating the discussed topic in the UN and on the EU level.
Preoperative blood pressure targets and effect on hemodynamics in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Ugleholdt Randi , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Haderslev Pernille A H , Kromann-Andersen Bjarne , Feltoft Claus Larsen
Published: March 2022

Patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are treated with α-adrenoceptor antagonists to improve peroperative hemodynamics. However, preoperative blood pressure targets differ between institutions. We retrospectively compared per- and postoperative hemodynamics in 30 patients with PPGL that were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine aiming at different blood pressure targets at two separate endocrine departments. All patients were subsequently undergoing laparoscopic surgery at Department of Urology, Herlev University hospital. Fourteen patients were treated targeting to symptomatic and significant orthostatic hypotension and 16 patients to a seated blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg. As a control group, we included 34 patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy for other reasons. The group titrated to orthostatic hypotension required a higher dose of phenoxybenzamine to achieve the blood pressure target. This group had less intraoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure fluctuation (Mann–Whitney U test; P  < 0.05) and less periods with heart rate above 100 b.p.m. (Mann–Whitney U test; P = 0.04) as compared to the group with a preoperative blood pressure target below 130/80 mmHg. Peroperative use of intravenous fluids were similar between the two groups, but postoperatively more intravenous fluids were administered in the group with a target of ortostatism. Overall, the control group was more hemodynamic stable as compared to either group treated for PPGL. We conclude that phenoxybenzamine pretreatment targeting ortostatic hypotension may improve peroperative hemodynamic stability but causes a higher postoperative requirement for intravenous fluids. Overall, PPGL surgery is related to greater hemodynamic instability compared to adrenalectomy for other reasons.
Prepuberal insulin secretory indices are long-term predictors of short adult stature in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Battezzati Alberto , Foppiani Andrea , Alicandro Gianfranco , Bisogno Arianna , Biffi Arianna , Bedogni Giorgio , Bertoli Simona , De Carlo Giulia , Nazzari Erica , Colombo Carla
Published: March 2022

Objective

Diabetes is a frequent comorbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF), related to multiple unfavorable outcomes. During the progression of β-cell dysfunction to diabetes, insulin deficiency could possibly reduce the anabolic support to grow even in the absence of significant glycemic derangements. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated whether prepuberal insulin secretory indices are independent predictors of adult height.

Design

Observational cohort study.

Research design and methods

A longitudinal analysis of 66 CF patients (33 females) from an ongoing cohort received at prepuberal age (median age of 12 years) modified 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests with 30-min insulin and C-peptide sampling, modeling of insulin secretory and sensitivity parameters, anthropometric evaluation. The latter was repeated when adults after a median follow-up of 9 years.

Results

In alternative models, we found a positive association with either basal insulin secretion (mean 0.22, 95% CI 0.01, 0.44 z-scores) or prepuberal β-cell glucose sensitivity (mean 0.23, 95% CI 0.00, 0.46 z-scores) and adult height, while total insulin secretion was negatively related to adult height (mean −0.36, 95% CI −0.57, −0.15 z-scores or mean −0.42, 95% CI −0.69, −0.16 z-scores, respectively). The high total insulin secretion of low adult height patients was mainly due to late (>60 min) secretion and was associated with a worse glucose response during OGTT.

Conclusions

Abnormal insulin secretion associated with high glucose response during OGTT predicts a decrease in adult height z-score. Our results suggest that insulin secretory defects in CF affect growth prior to the development of fasting hyperglycemia.
Síndrome de agotamiento en profesionales de la salud posterior al primer año de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Madero Zambrano Kendy Paola , Ayala Jiménez Diana Paola , Alvis Estrada Luis , Bohórquez Moreno Cristina , Sanabria Artunduaga Magda Esperanza , Salas Taborda Hillary
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de agotamiento profesional en personal sanitario, posterior al primer año de pandemia por Covid-19

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, con muestra de 355 trabajadores de IPS de la ciudad de Cartagena. Se empleó un cuestionario de dos secciones: Aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales (16 ítems) y Maslach Burnout Inventory que determina el síndrome de Burnout a través de las dimensiones de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal (22 ítems). Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo mediante frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. El principio ético estuvo regido por la resolución 8430 de 1993 y el Código de Helsinki.

Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino 78,6%, con formación de pregrado 69,9% y más de 10 años de experiencia laboral 25,6%, laboran en IPS de nivel terciario 41,4%, distribuidos en las áreas de urgencias 22,3%, consulta externa 18%, UCI 15,2%, hospitalización 11% y cirugía 5,9%; en contacto con pacientes positivos para SARS-CoV-2 74,6% y que han padecido COVID-19 11,8%. La dimensión de agotamiento obtuvo un puntaje leve 55,2%, igual la despersonalización con 51,5%, mientras que la realización personal fue severa 62,5%. El Burnout global fue severo 62,5%, moderado 35.5% y leve 5%.

Conclusión: Fue posible determinar que durante la pandemia de COVID-19 el nivel de agotamiento laboral de un grupo de profesionales sanitario fue severo, afectando la salud de los profesionales y su desempeño frente a la atención prestada, lo que sugiere la realización de intervenciones para promover, restaurar y mantener la salud física y mental de los trabajadores de la salud en tiempos de pandemia.
Prácticas letradas en la catequesis de confirmación de una iglesia católica
Authors: Almeida Goshi Claudia Kazuko
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo se emplea un enfoque etnográfico para poder describir y explicar los usos, por parte de un grupo de confirmación de una iglesia católica, respecto a un texto específico: la Biblia. Por tal motivo, a diferencia de la propuesta de la «gran división», desarrollada por Jack Goody, Erick Havelock y Walter Ong, donde se manifiesta una clara dicotomía entre la literacidad y el contexto social; en este trabajo se utilizan herramientas metodológicas propias de los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad para poder enmarcar los usos de lo letrado en  contextos  sociales específicos donde éstos adquieren sentido por medio de los valores que  subyacen  en las prácticas letradas de los individuos.
Compensación funcional y sujeto pronominal “tú” en el español de Cuba
Authors: Sánchez Arroba María Elena
Published: March 2022

Se enuncian los rasgos lingüísticos básicos del español del Caribe, particularmente los del español de Cuba, y se presenta un rasgo sintáctico característico de esta variedad dialectal: la expresión frecuente de los sujetos pronominales. Se describe el comportamiento del sujeto pronominal de segunda persona singular “tú” en un corpus oral de catorce entrevistas aplicadas a hablantes cultos de La Habana, Villa Clara y Matanzas, vinculándose la frecuente aparición de este pronombre con la Hipótesis de Compensación Funcional. Se verifica un aumento de frecuencia en la expresión de este sujeto, cuando se elide la marca morfémica verbal de segunda persona singular; pero el análisis de regresión lineal no indica la pertinencia de esa variable dependiente morfofonológica para la expresión del sujeto “tú”. Por el contrario, el factor con mayor poder predictivo para la expresión del sujeto “tú” en el español de Cuba es la variable pragmática de cambio parcial de referencia, dato que coincide con los de otras variedades hispánicas no caribeñas.
Lingüística del texto (análisis del discurso); gramática del texto (gramática textual), gramática transfrásica y gramática transoracional
Authors: Miranda Luis
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo discutimos una serie de términos utilizados en los últimos tiempos en las Ciencias del Lenguaje a raíz, sobre todo, de la expansión del estudio del lenguaje y las lenguas a unidades mayores de la oración y a tomar en consideración las circunstancias del hablar.
Derretroflexión y alveolarización en palabras quechuas (I)
Authors: Abanto Valverde Jonathan
Published: March 2022

El quechua y el aimara muestran un alto grado de isomorfismo en todos los aspectos de la gramática. En la reconstrucción de los procesos fonológicos, el cambio */ĉ/ > /t/ se considera como uno idiosincrásico del aimara. En este artículo se analizan algunos posibles casos de alternancia */ĉ/ ~ /t/ y cambio */ĉ/ > /t/ en seis variedades quechuas, tres QI y tres QII. Como resultado de reconocer y aplicar estos procesos en algunas palabras quechuas, se procede a la reconstrucción de una serie de sufijos recurrentes en las lenguas quechuas, con la finalidad de mostrar la posibilidad de que el cambio tenga alguna pertinencia para los estudios de lingüística histórica andina.
El comportamiento de los sufijos direccionales en la lengua asháninka: análisis cognitivo
Authors: Infante Seminario Luz Mery
Published: March 2022

Este artículo parte principalmente de un estudio bibliográfico. En general, se centra en el análisis de los sufijos direccionales del asháninka desde el enfoque de la lingüística cognitiva. En los estudios sobre esta lengua de la familia arahuaca, se tratan los sufijos direccionales de manera descriptiva, se afirma que aquellos aportan diversos significados, figurados o no figurados, dependiendo del verbo al que se añaden. Es decir, los sufijos presentan otros sentidos ajenos a la direccionalidad. El análisis basado en los esquemas de imagen, uno de los fundamentos de la lingüística cognitiva, permite explicar la motivación de los hablantes de la lengua asháninka en el uso de tales sufijos en sentidos figurados o metafóricos.
Literacidad y etnografía: La escritura generada en los mercados comerciales
Authors: Jiménez Lizama Pamela Amalia , Lovón Cueva Marco Antonio
Published: March 2022

Este artículo describe una de las prácticas letradas poco estudiadas por los sociolingüistas, etnógrafos y los estudiosos de la literacidad: la escritura generada por los comerciantes de los mercados. Esta manera de usar la escritura es una práctica común en muchos puestos comerciales peruanos, no solo el comprador elabora su listado de compras, sino que también el vendedor suele hacer registros del negocio y otras anotaciones peculiares, características que los identifican y que junto con otros patrones sociales de conducta y otras condiciones materiales que los rodean la convierten en una práctica social. Por tanto, es importante conocer los eventos letrados de los compradores y vendedores en los mercados como una forma de conocer situaciones letradas más allá de la escuela o la universidad; de esta manera, este trabajo buscar explicar qué y cómo se escribe, y con qué finalidades se escribe. Para ello, nos basaremos en los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad (NEL). Con este trabajo, se concluye que la escritura sirve como herramienta cognitiva y social en un espacio social determinado con objetivos específicos: para los compradores y vendedores permite organizar y memorizar datos, y facilita las transacciones.
ЧИННИКИ І ШЛЯХИ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ЯНЕНКОВА Ірина
Published: March 2022

З’ясовано поточний стан процесів цифровізації в Україні, напрями і шляхи прискорення її цифрового розвитку. Розкрито зміст і проаналізовано фактори сприяння й гальмування цифрових перетворень, серед яких: наявний вагомий людський потенціал ІТ-сектору, доступність інтернет-зв’язку, впровадження цифрових ініціатив Європейського Союзу, діяльність спільнот, фактори інституційного середовища і цифрової інфраструктури. Показано, що впровадження технічних рішень єдиного європейського цифрового ринку для обміну електронними даними (eCommerce, eDelivery, eCustom) є безпечним, надійним і перевіреним способом, що пов’язує бізнес не тільки з країнами ЄС, але й за його межами. Проаналізовано становлення ІКТ-сектору в Україні за останні більш як 20 років через призму розробки та впровадження законодавчих і нормативних актів, напрямів і заходів державної політики у цій сфері. Виявлено переваги, недоліки й прогалини в інституційному середовищі країни. Акцентовано на перевагах програмно-цільового підходу і методології стратегічного планування для розв’язання комплексних проблем соціально-економічного розвитку. Доведено неефективність розробки і впровадження законодавчих ініціатив у відриві від загальнонаціональних цілей та пріоритетів. Обґрунтовано необхідність і доцільність розробки Державної цільової програми розвитку сектору ІКТ в Україні, оновлення існуючої Концепції цифрового розвитку економіки та суспільства і формування державної промислової політики. Розроблено пропозиції щодо створення в Україні потужного виробничого потенціалу цифрової індустрії та прискореного зведення національної цифрової інфраструктури. Розкрито перспективні напрями цифровізації в Україні, до яких віднесено: штучний інтелект, технології розподіленого реєстру і квантові обчислення. Запропоновано відновити практику розробки державних довго- і середньострокових планів соціально-економічного розвитку країни як системної основи для розгортання галузевих ініціатив з цифровізації.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ СТАТИСТИЧНОГО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ СТАНУ І ДИНАМІКИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: МАНЦУРОВ Ігор , ХРАПУНОВА Яна , ОМЕЛЬЧЕНКО Валерій , БАРВІНОК Аліна
Published: March 2022

Визначено сутність цифровізації економіки і цифрової трансформації країни, оцінено вплив факторів, які спричинили початок цих процесів, сприяли набранню ними сил і досягненню сучасного рівня. Аналіз використання новітніх досягнень у галузі економічної теорії дозволив визначити цифрову економіку як комунікаційне середовище економічної діяльності в мережі Інтернет, а також інших мобільних і сенсорних мережах, яке формується як результат трансформаційного впливу нових технологій загального призначення у галузях інформації, комунікації та нанотехнологій.На підставі критичного аналізу методології побудови композитних індексів, які наразі використовуються для оцінки рівня цифровізації різних економік, та визначення сильних і слабких сторін кожного з них запропоновано авторську оригінальну методику, якій не притаманні недоліки існуючих підходів. Вона ґрунтується на узагальненні значень індексів, побудованих і проаналізованих різними міжнародними організаціями, у тому числі агенціями ООН, і розрахунку на цій основі власного інтегрального показника, значення якого усереднює характеристики десяти найвідоміших індексів, які оцінюють рівень цифровізації світової економіки та окремих країн. Зроблено висновок, що за значеннями цих індексів Україна посідає дуже непрестижне місце у світовому розподілі країн за рівнем цифровізації їх національних економік. За допомогою SWOT-аналізу визначено резерви прискорення процесу цифровізації економіки і суспільства України.Використання результатів дослідження дозволяє підвищити рівень результативності заходів державної політики в галузі формування концептуальних засад розвитку цифрової економіки і суспільства й закласти основу для подальших наукових досліджень у цій сфері.