bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Role of the Atmospheric Energy Transport in 2 × CO2–Induced Polar Amplification in CESM1
Authors: Graversen Rune G. , Langen Peter L.
Published: April 2019

A doubling of the atmospheric CO2 content leads to global warming that is amplified in the polar regions. The CO2 forcing also leads to a change of the atmospheric energy transport. This transport change affects the local warming induced by the CO2 forcing. Using the Community Earth System Model (CESM), the direct response to the transport change is investigated. Divergences of the transport change associated with a CO2 doubling are implemented as a forcing in the 1 × CO2 preindustrial control climate. This forcing is zero in the global mean. In response to a CO2 increase in CESM, the northward atmospheric energy transport decreases at the Arctic boundary. However, the transport change still leads to a warming of the Arctic. This is due to a shift between dry static and latent transport components, so that although the dry static transport decreases, the latent transport increases at the Arctic boundary, which is consistent with other model studies. Because of a greenhouse effect associated with the latent transport, the cooling caused by a change of the dry static component is more than compensated for by the warming induced by the change of the latent transport. Similar results are found for the Antarctic region, but the transport change is larger in the Southern Hemisphere than in its northern counterpart. As a consequence, the Antarctic region warms to the extent that this warming leads to global warming that is likely enhanced by the surface albedo feedback associated with considerable ice retreat in the Southern Hemisphere.
Using A-Train Observations to Evaluate Cloud Occurrence and Radiative Effects in the Community Atmosphere Model during the Southeast Asia Summer Monsoon
Authors: Berry Elizabeth , Mace Gerald G. , Gettelman Andrew
Published: April 2019

The distribution of clouds and their radiative effects in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), are compared to A-Train satellite data in Southeast Asia during the summer monsoon. Cloud radiative kernels are created based on populations of observed and modeled clouds separately in order to compare the sensitivity of the TOA radiation to changes in cloud fraction. There is generally good agreement between the observation- and model-derived cloud radiative kernels for most cloud types, meaning that the clouds in the model are heating and cooling like clouds in nature. Cloud radiative effects are assessed by multiplying the cloud radiative kernel by the cloud fraction histogram. For ice clouds in particular, there is good agreement between the model and observations, with optically thin cirrus producing a moderate warming effect and cirrostratus producing a slight cooling effect, on average. Consistent with observations, the model also shows that the median value of the ice water path (IWP) distribution, rather than the mean, is a more representative measure of the ice clouds that are responsible for heating. In addition, in both observations and the model, it is cirrus clouds with an IWP of 20 g m−2 that have the largest warming effect in this region, given their radiative heating and frequency of occurrence.
Fractionation of impulsive and compulsive trans-diagnostic phenotypes and their longitudinal associations
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R , Tiego Jeggan , Fontenelle Leonardo F , Hook Roxanne , Parkes Linden , Segrave Rebecca , Hauser Tobias U , Dolan Ray J , Goodyer Ian M , Bullmore Ed , Grant Jon E , Yücel Murat
Published: April 2019

Objective:

Young adulthood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period during which impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours commonly emerge. While traditionally considered diametrically opposed, impulsive and compulsive symptoms tend to co-occur. The objectives of this study were as follows: (a) to identify the optimal trans-diagnostic structural framework for measuring impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours, and (b) to use this optimal framework to identify common/distinct antecedents of these latent phenotypes.

Method:

In total, 654 young adults were recruited as part of the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network, a population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. The optimal trans-diagnostic structural model capturing 33 types of impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours was identified. Baseline predictors of subsequent impulsive and compulsive trans-diagnostic phenotypes were characterised, along with cross-sectional associations, using partial least squares.

Results:

Current problem behaviours were optimally explained by a bi-factor model, which yielded dissociable measures of impulsivity and compulsivity, as well as a general disinhibition factor. Impulsive problem behaviours were significantly explained by prior antisocial and impulsive personality traits, male gender, general distress, perceived dysfunctional parenting and teasing/arguments within friendships. Compulsive problem behaviours were significantly explained by prior compulsive traits and female gender.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that trans-diagnostic phenotypes of 33 impulsive and compulsive problem behaviours are identifiable in young adults, utilising a bi-factor model based on responses to a single questionnaire. Furthermore, these phenotypes have different antecedents. The findings yield a new framework for fractionating impulsivity and compulsivity, and suggest different early intervention targets to avert emergence of problem behaviours. This framework may be useful for future biological and clinical dissection of impulsivity and compulsivity.
Finding Phrases: The Interplay of Word Frequency, Phrasal Prosody and Co-speech Visual Information in Chunking Speech by Monolingual and Bilingual Adults
Authors: de la Cruz-Pavía Irene , Werker Janet F. , Vatikiotis-Bateson Eric , Gervain Judit
Published: April 2019

The audiovisual speech signal contains multimodal information to phrase boundaries. In three artificial language learning studies with 12 groups of adult participants we investigated whether English monolinguals and bilingual speakers of English and a language with opposite basic word order (i.e., in which objects precede verbs) can use word frequency, phrasal prosody and co-speech (facial) visual information, namely head nods, to parse unknown languages into phrase-like units. We showed that monolinguals and bilinguals used the auditory and visual sources of information to chunk “phrases” from the input. These results suggest that speech segmentation is a bimodal process, though the influence of co-speech facial gestures is rather limited and linked to the presence of auditory prosody. Importantly, a pragmatic factor, namely the language of the context, seems to determine the bilinguals’ segmentation, overriding the auditory and visual cues and revealing a factor that begs further exploration.
Testing a Path Model of Organizational Justice and Correctional Staff Job Stress Among Southern Correctional Staff
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Keena Linda D. , Haynes Stacy H. , May David , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Leone Matthew
Published: April 2019

Job stress has many negative effects on correctional staff. We proposed and tested a path model of transactional, procedural, and distributive justice’s direct and indirect effects on the job stress of 322 surveyed correctional staff, including 219 correctional officers, at a maximum security Southern prison. Findings indicated that procedural, distributive, and transactional justice affected job stress. Specifically, the proposed path model was supported, such that procedural justice had an indirect effect on job stress through distributive justice, and transactional and distributive justice had direct, negative effects on job stress. Transactional justice also had indirect effects on job stress through procedural and distributive justice. Taken together, the results suggest that organizational justice plays an important role in reducing correctional staff job stress.
Misrecognising the value of voice: anticipating inclusion beyond mainstream mediations of race and migration
Authors: Muscat Tanya
Published: April 2019

This article addresses how mainstream media are conceptualised as a site for mediated recognition in the city of Sydney, Australia. Utilising the notion of political listening, the analysis investigates how participants position certain media outlets as misrecognising the value of diverse voices. Through in-depth interviews, the article explores how audiences discuss perceived issues of significance to society in their recall of news coverage spanning politics, migration, international conflict and local crime. First, the article clarifies how participants construct specific racialised notions of Otherness by situating their use of mainstream media discourses in the context of their everyday communicative interactions. Second, it examines how racialised frameworks are mobilised by participants to evaluate certain news media as spaces of exclusion. This article posits that the participants’ discussions of these media spaces as being integral in fostering inclusion endows the media outlets with a capacity for enhancing everyday mechanisms of mediated recognition.
Grandmothers and Non-grandmothers in the Polish Labor Market: The Role of Family Issues
Authors: Wilińska Monika , Grzenda Wioletta , Perek-Białas Jolanta
Published: April 2019

Drawing on the debates regarding work–family reconciliation in later life, we examine the extent to which the labor market position of grandmothers and nongrandmothers can be explained by their varied family situations. The data for this study comes from the Generations and Gender Survey for Poland and includes 5,999 women aged 45+ years. We use multinominal logistic regression models to explore the link between different family situations and labor market withdrawal into unemployment, sick/disability leave, and retirement. Our results indicate that neither caring for older parents nor living with children has significant effects on women’s labor activity. However, living with a disabled person reduces the chances for women’s employment significantly. In addition, women who have grandchildren have lower chances for being employed as compared with those without grandchildren. We discuss these findings in relation to work–family balance policies and research.
The Role of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Family Structure During Adolescence in Young Adults’ Experiences of Multiple Partner Fertility (MPF)
Authors: Monahan Emma Kahle , Guarin Angela
Published: April 2019

Families in the United States have become more complex, with an increasing number of individuals having children with multiple partners, called multiple partner fertility (MPF). MPF has significant negative consequences for the well-being of adults and children. Understanding the correlates of MPF, particularly how familial and community constructs affect the fertility outcomes of youth, has important implications for prevention and intervention. However, while many studies have examined these constructs, few have looked at them together. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 8,678), this study uses a prospective design to examine how family structure and level of community disadvantage experienced by youth predict MPF in young adulthood. Using multilevel, mixed effects modeling, we find that family structure appears to play a role in influencing the fertility outcomes of youth, more so than community poverty. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Pediatric Tracheostomy Decannulation: 11‐Year Experience
Authors: Seligman Kristen L. , Liming Bryan J. , Smith Richard J. H.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To determine the successful decannulation rate with a published pediatric tracheostomy decannulation protocol.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

A single tertiary care institution.

Subjects and Methods

A chart review was performed for patients aged ≤5 years who underwent tracheostomy. Extracted data included demographic data, indication for tracheostomy, age at tracheostomy and decannulation, comorbidities, and surgical complications. Records were searched for documentation of early decannulation failure (within 1 month of decannulation) or late failure (within 1 year).

Results

Forty patients with a tracheostomy aged ≤5 years underwent attempted decannulation during the 11‐year study period. Seventeen patients were excluded from the study for documentation of nonprotocol decannulation. The final study population of 23 patients underwent a total of 27 decannulations, 26 of which were performed by protocol. Of the 26 protocol decannulations, 22 were successful, for a failure rate of 15%.

Conclusion

Twenty‐six protocol decannulations were attempted among 23 patients, 4 of which were unsuccessful for an overall failure rate of 15%. This result is consistent with rates reported in other published decannulation protocols. We believe that our protocol minimizes resource utilization in its use of pulse oximetry over polysomnography, while maximizing patient safety and success through the use of capping trials for very young and very small pediatric patients.
Media, politics and state broadcasting in Greece
Authors: Iosifidis Petros , Papathanassopoulos Stylianos
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on governmental control over state broadcasting media in Greece and analyses whether Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation can be considered as public or state broadcaster. The first part explores the interrelationship between media, politics and the state in Greece, and the ways the latter has affected the development of Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation. By doing so, it makes references to similar Southern European broadcasting models that are also characterised by clientist manners, ministerial censorship, a powerful state and a weak civil society. Furthermore, it looks at the devastating impact of haphazard deregulation and market liberalisation on Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation since the early 1990s, when the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation lost much of its formerly loyal audience and advertising income to a number of newly launched commercial television channels. Part 2 assesses the degree of political, editorial and financial independence of Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation under the current SYRIZA-led administration. Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation was re-launched by the left-wing SYRIZA government after a temporary 2-year closure, but it is struggling to maintain a competitive advantage and a politically neutral output.
How to Make Dockless Bikeshare Good for Cities: Curbing Oversupplied Bikes
Authors: Tu Yuanjie , Chen Peng , Gao Xu , Yang Jiawen , Chen Xiaohong
Published: April 2019

After experiencing many years of shrinkage, bike mode share has enjoyed a large-scale renaissance since 2016 with the birth of dockless bikeshare. The rapid expansion of dockless bikeshare, however, is coincident with the serious oversupply of bikes and chaos of parking on the streets. Predicting the right level of dockless bike use is essential to maintain the order of the road space. This study aims to control the number of dockless public bikes in each neighborhood. With data obtained from a smartphone app, MoBike, this study examines factors associated with dockless bikeshare. A generalized additive mixed model is applied to investigate associations between dockless bike trip density and various factors. The results are: floor area ratio, which represents density, is positively associated with dockless bike trip density; percentages of residential, industrial, and green spaces, and degrees of mixed land use, are positively related to dockless bike trip density; densities of primary and secondary roads are positively related to dockless bike trip density, while the density of intersections is negatively associated with dockless bike trip density; females and children are less likely to ride dockless bikes; and dockless bikes are more often used during peak hours, on sunny or cloudy days, and on weekdays. To promote dockless bike use, the right level supply for different weather, time, and location conditions should be identified, encouraging dense urban development in establishing a friendly biking environment, and improving street connectivity to reduce the impedance of biking in intersection dense areas.
Electric Transit Route Network Design Problem: Model and Application
Authors: Iliopoulou Christina , Tassopoulos Ioannis , Kepaptsoglou Konstantinos , Beligiannis Grigorios
Published: April 2019

Electric buses have long been recognized as a promising direction for offering sustainable public transportation services. While range and battery performance constraints have hindered the widespread adoption of electric buses in the past, technological advances make them a prominent and attractive option for public transportation in the future. Still, operational constraints and the need for additional (charging) infrastructure highlight the need for introducing appropriate decision-making tools, tailor-made for supporting the design of transit networks operated by electric buses. This paper focuses on developing and testing a comprehensive route design model for the case of a transit network, operated exclusively by an electric bus fleet (Electric Transit Route Network Design Problem—E-TRNDP). The model is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem, which attempts to jointly design efficient transit routes and locate required charging infrastructure. A multi-objective, particle swarm optimization algorithm, coupled with a mixed linear—integer programming model is used to solve the model. An existing benchmark network is used as a test-bed for the proposed model and solution process; results illustrate that the proposed model and solution method yield realistic design outcomes in an acceptable time frame.
Impermeable Asphalt Concrete Layer to Protect and Seal Concrete Bridge Decks
Authors: Haynes Matthew A. , Coleri Erdem , Sreedhar Shashwath
Published: April 2019

Deterioration of the concrete bridge deck is one of the most significant problems affecting the service life of bridges in the United States (U.S.). The early failure of asphalt pavement overlays on concrete bridge decks with spray-on waterproofing membranes has been recognized as a significant issue by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Potential reasons for the failure of the asphalt overlays were thought to be the poor adhesion between the waterproofing membrane and the asphalt-wearing course, and the material properties of the asphalt layer. Moisture penetration into the asphalt overlay and standing water on the concrete bridge deck result in expansion and contraction at the interface on the bridge deck during freeze-thaw cycles. Expansion and contraction because of freeze-thaw cycles cause debonding at the interface and result in an increased rate of deterioration for the asphalt concrete overlay. Additionally, the de-icing salts used to prevent hazardous roadway surfaces in the winter permeate into the deck and cause corrosion of the steel reinforcement, weakening the structural integrity of the bridge. The main goal of this study is to develop an impermeable asphalt mixture with high cracking and rutting resistance that can seal and protect the concrete bridge deck by preventing water and de-icing salts from penetrating into the concrete deck. Permeability of developed asphalt mixtures was quantified by permeability testing and moisture sensor measurements. Rutting and cracking resistance of the developed impermeable asphalt mixture strategies were also evaluated by conducting flow number (FN) and semi-circular bend (SCB) tests in the laboratory.
International Board Certified Lactation Consultants’ Practices Regarding Supplemental Feeding Methods for Breastfed Infants
Authors: Penny Frances , Judge Michelle , Brownell Elizabeth A. , McGrath Jacqueline M.
Published: April 2019

Background:

According to the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, when supplementary feeding occurs, mothers should be counseled on the use and risks of feeding bottles and teats. To help support this initiative it is important to understand the supplementation practices of Internationally Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC)®.

Research aims:

To determine (1) if the location of an IBCLC’s practice has any impact on supplemental feeding methods; (2) the preferred methods of and the main reasons for supplementation; (3) the level of an IBCLC’s confidence with supplemental feeding methods; (4) who is making supplemental feeding decisions; and (5) if there are geographical differences among supplementation choices and reasons for supplementation.

Methods:

An exploratory, descriptive, cross sectional survey of IBCLCs was conducted to generate data about their use of supplemental feeding methods. The survey was sent via email invitation through the International Board of Lactation Consultant’s Board of Examiners, with a response rate of 11.5% ( N = 2,308).

Results:

There was no standard method of supplementation among participants. Participants indicated that they were confident advising mothers on alternative feeding methods. Only 17.6% ( n = 406) of participants reported that the IBCLC was the caregiver who recommended the method of supplementation used. The majority of participants believed the Supplemental Feeding Tube Device SFTD) best preserves the breastfeeding relationship, and this was their preferred method of supplementation. However, the bottle was ranked as the number one method used in the United States, Australia, and Canada. The use of alternative feeding methods may be overwhelming to the mother.

Conclusion:

Supplementation by alternative feeding methods might help preserve the breastfeeding relationship and help reach the World Health Organization’s goal of increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Chemerin and Dermcidin in Human Milk and Their Alteration in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Ustebay Sefer , Baykus Yakup , Deniz Rulin , Ugur Kader , Yavuzkir Seyda , Yardim Meltem , Kalayci Mehmet , Çaglar Mete , Aydin Suleyman
Published: April 2019

Background:

Chemerin and dermcidin, which have antimicrobial properties, are molecules that are also related to insulin resistance and inflammation.

Research aims:

The aims were to determine the amounts of chemerin and dermcidin in the milk and blood of mothers with gestational diabetes, and to compare the amounts of chemerin and dermcidin in the milk and blood of mothers with and without diabetes.

Methods:

This was a two-group nonrandomized longitudinal study with a convenience sampling of mothers without gestational diabetes ( n = 27) and mothers with gestational diabetes ( n = 26). Human milk and blood samples were obtained from these mothers during colostrum, transitional, and mature milk periods. The amount of chemerin and dermcidin in these samples was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The presence of chemerin and dermcidin was first detected in human milk. The amounts of chemerin and dermcidin in the blood of all the mothers were greater in the colostrum period and lowest in the mature period. The amount of chemerin and dermcidin in the milk of all the mothers was greater than that in the blood. The amounts of chemerin and dermcidin were significantly increased in both blood and human milk within the gestational age samples.

Conclusions:

Chemerin and dermcidin may contribute to the protection of infants from infections during infancy. Increased amounts of these molecules found within the gestational diabetes group may also prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Mindlin’s strain gradient theory for vibration analysis of FG-CNT-reinforced composite nanoplates resting on Kerr foundation in thermal environment
Authors: Shahraki Hosein , Riahi Hossein Tajmir , Izadinia Mohsen , Talaeitaba Sayed Behzad
Published: April 2019

This article examines the application of simplified Mindlin’s strain gradient theory to free vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube–reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) thick rectangular nanoplates resting on Kerr elastic foundation in thermal environment. The theory contains only one length scale parameter corresponding to strain gradient effects. Also, a quasi-3D hyperbolic theory considering transverse shear deformation and thickness stretching effects is employed to present the formulation. In this study, properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the polymeric matrix are assumed to be temperature dependent. Distribution of CNTs across the thickness of the nanoplate is considered to be uniform (UD) or functionally graded (FG-X, FG-V, and FG-O). According to Hamilton’s principle and the generalized differential quadrature method, the governing equations and associated boundary conditions are obtained and discretized, respectively. The natural frequencies of FG-CNTRC nanoplates are determined by solving eigenvalue problem. The numerical results of the present formulation are compared with those available in the literature to explain the accuracy of the suggested theories. Then, parametric studies are presented to examine the effects of elastic foundation coefficients, size parameter, temperature change, volume fraction and dispersion profile of CNTs, aspect ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, and different boundary conditions on vibration behavior of FG-CNTRC nanoplates. The results confirmed that size parameter and changes in temperature play an important role in determining natural frequencies. In addition, the shear layer parameter of Kerr foundation has more influence with respect to the coefficients of the upper and lower layers.
Monumental Panic: Reconciliation, Moral Regulation, and the Polarizing Politics of the Past
Authors: Hier Sean P.
Published: April 2019

In 2018, the City of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada removed a statue of Sir John A. Macdonald from the grounds of City Hall. As Canada’s first prime minister, Macdonald is both revered for the role he played in Confederation and vilified for enacting and promoting racist if not culturally genocidal policy initiatives aimed at destroying Indigenous cultures in the last part of the 19th century. Set in the context of truth and reconciliation politics playing out across the country, this article explains the removal of the monument and the social reactions it provoked, using the sociologies of moral panic and moral regulation. By focusing on one city council’s efforts to interpret and act on the moral imperatives associated with political reconciliation in post-colonial Canada, insights are provided into some of the practical challenges and potential contradictions that municipal governments can encounter when they adopt idiosyncratic strategies to atone for historical injustices in non-transitional democratic nations.
Giving Intention Versus Giving Behavior: How Differently Do Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment Relate to Them?
Authors: Shang Jen , Sargeant Adrian , Carpenter Kathryn
Published: April 2019

This research quantifies for the first time in the literature how strong the direct and indirect relationships are between satisfaction, trust, and commitment and giving intention versus giving behavior. We constructed a unique data set of over 17,000 donors from five large charities. We applied the latest mediation framework for categorical variables from consumer behavior. We found that at a group level, most of the direct and indirect effects that exist between satisfaction, trust, commitment, and giving intention also exist between these factors and giving behavior, but the effect sizes are between 3 to 8 times larger in modeling giving intentions than in modeling giving behavior. When giving intention and giving behavior are matched at an individual level, all group-level findings are replicated. In addition, we found 27% of the donors with no intention to give, actually gave. Theoretical, empirical, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
“I’m Trying to Stop Things Before They Happen”: Carers’ Contributions to Patient Safety in Hospitals
Authors: Merner Bronwen , Hill Sophie , Taylor Michael
Published: April 2019

Patient safety policies increasingly encourage carer (i.e., family or friends) involvement in reducing health care–associated harm in hospital. Despite this, carer involvement in patient safety in practice is not well understood—especially from the carers’ perspective. The purpose of this article is to understand how carers of adult patients perceived and experienced their patient safety contributions in hospital. Constructivist grounded theory informed the data collection and analysis of in-depth interviews with 32 carers who had patient safety concerns in Australian hospitals. Results demonstrated carers engaged in the process of “patient-safety caring.” Patient-safety caring included three levels of intensity: low (“contributing without concern”), moderate (“being proactive about safety”), and high (“wrestling for control”). Carers who engaged at high intensity provided the patient with greater protection, but typically experienced negative consequences for themselves. Carers’ experiences of negative consequences from safety involvement need to be mitigated by practice approaches that value their contributions.
Sound-Alike Look-Alike Confusion and Matching Medication Product Attributes: Simulated Case-Control Studies
Authors: Her Qoua L. , Toh Sengwee
Published: April 2019

Background: Sound-alike look-alike (SALA) medication confusions harm as many as 250 000 Americans annually. Most preventive strategies focus on medication name similarities. Objectives: To evaluate the association between matching medication product attributes and SALA confusion. Methods: We simulated 20 000 case-control studies using the Institute for Safe Medication Practices’ List of Confused Drug Names as case pairs and 4 randomly selected control pairs per case pair from the First DataBank MedKnowledge (FDBM) database. We extracted 7 product attributes for each medication from the FDBM database. We used logistic regression models to estimate the associations between matching product attributes and SALA confusion. The models included a series of univariate (unadjusted) models, a model that adjusted for all product attributes, and a model that further adjusted for medication name similarity measures. Results: Medications with a matching product attribute had increased odds of SALA confusion in the univariate analyses (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2 to 55.5). When we simultaneously adjusted for all attributes, the associations of matching package unit, package unit size, formulation, strength, therapeutic class, and manufacturer with SALA confusion were attenuated but remained elevated (OR = 1.5 to 26.5), whereas the direction of association between matching route and SALA confusion reversed (OR = 0.8). These associations persisted on adjustment for medication name similarity measures. Conclusions and Relevance: This study is the first to evaluate the association between matching medication product attributes and SALA confusion with a control group. Having matching product attributes increased the odds of SALA confusion. SALA risk reduction strategies should consider product attributes.
The Family in Europe: Structure, Intergenerational Solidarity, and New Challenges to Family Health
Authors: Montoro-Gurich Carolina , Garcia-Vivar Cristina
Published: April 2019

Understanding the family experience of health and illness within the family’s social and cultural context helps health professionals understand a family’s stories. The purpose of this article is to present salient characteristics of the Western European family to extend understanding about family structure and values in relation to caring and intergenerational solidarity. The goal is to provide nurses and other health professionals with culturally competent knowledge that can inform practice with families. Evidence suggests that a family model, characterized by strong-family type societies consisting of coresidence, solidarity, and intergenerational relationships, stalwartly continues in Mediterranean countries. However, due to the recent economic crisis in Spain and other European countries, there is a trend toward the withdrawal of state responsibility toward the family, and an increasing weight on families’ responsibility, particularly for women, toward the care of their old and chronically ill relative. Therefore, there is a need to make health and social systems more effective, sustainable, and focused on family care.
The financialization of mass wealth, banking crises and politics over the long run
Authors: Chwieroth Jeffrey M , Walter Andrew
Published: April 2019

The co-evolution of democratic politics and mass, financialized wealth has destabilized highly integrated financial systems and the socio-political underpinnings of neoliberal policy norms at domestic and global levels. Over the long run, it has increased the political pressure on governments to undertake bailouts during major banking crises and, by raising voters’ attentiveness to wealth losses and distributional inequities, has sharply raised the bar for government performance. The result has been more costly bailouts, greater political instability and the sustained politicization of wealth cleavages in crisis aftermaths. We underline the crucial importance and modernity of this phenomenon by showing how the high concentration of wealth in pre-1914 Britain and America among elites was associated with limited crisis interventions and surprisingly tranquil political aftermaths. By contrast, the 2007–2009 crises in both countries epitomise the political dilemmas facing elected governments in a new world of mass financialized wealth and the impact on political polarization and democratic politics. We show that these dilemmas were embryonic in the interwar period and highlight how the evolutionary forces shaping policy and political outcomes reveal the importance of time, context and the effects of long cycles in the world economy and global politics.
The qualculative dimension of healthcare data interoperability
Authors: Pine Kathleen H
Published: April 2019

Research on interoperability and information exchange between information technology systems touts the use of secondary data for a variety of purposes, including research, management, quality improvement, and accountability. However, many studies have pointed out that this is difficult to achieve in practice. Hence, this article aims to examine the causes for this by reporting an ethnographic study of the data work performed by medical records coders and birth certificate clerks working in a hospital system to uncover the practices of creating administrative data (e.g. secondary data). The article illustrates that clerks and coders use situated qualitative judgments of the accuracy and authority of different primary medical accounts. Coders and clerks also employ their understandings of the importance of different future uses of data as they make crucial decisions about how much discretion to exercise in producing accurate data and how much effort to put toward clarifying problematic medical data. These findings suggest that information technology systems designed for interoperability and secondary data also need to be designed in ways that support the qualculative practices of data workers in order to succeed, including making future uses of data clear to data workers and finding ways to minimize conflicting data before data workers encounter it.
The performativity of provocation: the case of Artur Zmijewski
Authors: van Alphen Ernst
Published: April 2019

Performativity occurs in, and on behalf of the present. This can be seen with special clarity in the speech act of provocation. In this article, the performative of provocation is analysed by focusing on two works by the Polish artist Artur Zmijewski: Berek (Game of Tag) (1999) and 80064 (2005). Both works deal with the Holocaust in provocative ways and were highly controversial when they were exhibited. In their problematic nature these works substantiate Slavoj Žižek’s paradoxical statement that a coherent, truthful account of the traumatic past belies its own truthfulness. A narrative of trauma cannot be a clear narrative. This requires a different artistic, semiotic posture: not representation but performativity, so that conventional prescriptive moral rules can be replaced by an effective, affect-based ethics. Zmijewski’s videos shake up the fixed notions of Nazi victims and Holocaust survivors. And that is the first necessary step towards opening up the debate to a series of questions about the role of Polish people in the Holocaust. The importance and even necessity of these questions is demonstrated by the recent legislation in Poland that outlaws blaming Poles for the crimes of the Holocaust.
Vertical Trust Within Organizations and Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guinot Jacob , Chiva Ricardo
Published: April 2019

The concept of trust within organizations, or intraorganizational trust, has been considered as a potential mechanism to increase performance and as such has attracted growing interest in the organizational literature. However, despite the increasing number of studies examining the relationship between intraorganizational trust and performance, this apparently positive link has not been consistently confirmed by empirical research, and a deeper understanding is called for. Moreover, the literature on the trust–performance link is highly fragmented and dispersed. This study carries out a systematic review of the evidence, focusing on the vertical dimension of intraorganizational trust and performance relationship in an attempt to provide an integrative picture of the existing literature and to propose new research avenues on the topic. Specifically, this systematic review delves deeper into the antecedents, mediating effects, and moderators of vertical intraorganizational trust and performance, providing a more comprehensive framework for these relationships.
Effects of Calorie Restriction and Voluntary Exercise on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Hall Stephanie E. , Smuder Ashley J. , Hayward Reid
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with known cardiotoxic properties, while calorie restriction (CR) and exercise have well-documented cardioprotective effects. No studies have investigated the effects of CR alone or the combined effects of CR and exercise on DOX cardiotoxicity. Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups based on their food intake (ad libitum or CR) and activity (sedentary or voluntary wheel running [WR]). After completing a 16-week treatment, animals received either DOX (15 mg/kg) or saline (SAL) and cardiac function was measured 5 days after treatment. Chromatography was used to quantify left ventricular DOX accumulation. Results: Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), end systolic pressure (ESP), and left ventricular maximal rate of pressure development (dP/dtmax) were significantly higher in the CR + DOX group when compared with DOX. Fractional shortening, LVDP, ESP, dP/dtmax, and dP/dtmin were significantly higher in the CR + WR + DOX group compared with the DOX group. In addition, the CR + WR + DOX group showed significantly higher LVDP and ESP compared with the WR + DOX group. DOX accumulation in the heart was 5-fold lower ( P < .05) in the CR + WR + DOX group compared with the DOX group. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate that CR can reduce cardiac DOX accumulation, and confirms the protective role of CR against DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Our data also show that combining a known cardioprotective intervention, exercise training, with CR results in additive benefits in the protection against DOX cardiotoxicity.
Positive Psychology in Lifestyle Medicine and Health Care: Strategies for Implementation
Authors: Lianov Liana S. , Fredrickson Barbara L. , Barron Carrie , Krishnaswami Janani , Wallace Anne
Published: April 2019

Prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases are realized through leading a healthy lifestyle. Activities supporting positive psychology can facilitate healthy behaviors and improve physiological health. Adding such activities to clinical care promotes attainment of the physical, social, and emotional elements of health, as defined by the World Health Organization—leading to (1) prolonged lifespan and quality of life, (2) lowered costs of care, and (3) reduced rates of provider burnout. A key challenge remains the translation of positive psychology–based practices into practical, implementable strategies by health care providers. An essential step is collaboration of positive psychology and health care researchers and practitioners to develop standards, terms, and measures and arrive at evidence-based clinical approaches addressing total well-being. The first Summit on Happiness Science in Healthcare enabled national experts and stakeholders in lifestyle medicine, medical education, health care administration, psychology, and community welfare to convene and identify best practices for practical implementation of positive psychology science into health care. This article draws on the summit discussions to address the gap between positive psychology theory and practical implementation in health care. We briefly summarize the positive psychology–health outcomes relationship and present key strategies needed to bridge this gap.
Who is the Other in the age of the Anthropocene? Introducing the Unknown Other in climate justice discourse
Authors: Antadze Nino
Published: April 2019

This paper contributes to advancing the research agenda on ethics in the Anthropocene (Schmidt JJ, Brown PG and Orr CJ (2016) Ethics in the Anthropocene: A research agenda. The Anthropocene Review 3(3): 188–200). Specifically, it responds to the call to explore ‘the new human condition’ (Palsson G, Szerszynski B, Sörlin S et al. (2013) Reconceptualizing the ‘Anthropos’ in the Anthropocene: Integrating the social sciences and humanities in global environmental change research. Environmental Science & Policy 28: 8) in the age of the Anthropocene by rethinking the relational ontology within the context of climate change. I propose that given the global and long-term implications of climate change, climate justice discourse should go beyond the Self–Other binary and incorporate the notion of the Unknown Other. By drawing on the moral philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and moral sentimentalism scholarship, I theorize the ethical relationship with the Unknown Other. I propose that the encounter with the ‘face’ (identity, experience, voice) of the Unknown Other is conditioned by the Self’s contribution to climate change. Therefore, the encounter with the Unknown Other is not physical and corporeal but ethical, and thus triggers a moral engagement that has a dual base – responsibility and emotion. The former is expressed in the form of asymmetrical responsibility and the latter in the form of empathy.
Establishing a Three-Tier Color-Coded Approach to Categorize the Nutrient Density of Food Bank Foods
Authors: Battista Hesse Michelle , Peachey Andrew , Wang David
Published: April 2019

The persistence of food insecurity leads millions of Americans to seek assistance from hunger relief programs including charitable organizations such as food banks. A greater understanding of the relationships between diet and disease has led to discussions on the role of the food banking industry to source more nutritious foods. However, an empirical process for how nutritional quality can be applied in a food bank setting has not been well defined. The aim of this study is to use the Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRFI) to establish a set of cut-point values that score and categorize the nutrient density of foods, while developing an application with visual appeal and function. NRFI scores were calculated using nutrition information available for 8,751 foods recorded in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Standard Reference Database. Tertile cut points (>26; 5.5-26.0; <5.5) were established and visualized using a three-tier color-coded approach (green, yellow, and red). The intention of this approach was to help food sourcing managers at food banks make evidence-based, informed decisions when considering nutrient density in food procurement. Furthermore, scoring and categorization can help track inventory overtime and create a data mechanism for strategic planning.
Soft Issues During Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and Industry Performance, China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Based View
Authors: Bari Muhammad Waseem , Abrar Muhammad , Bashir Mohsin , Baig Sajjad Ahmad , Fanchen Meng
Published: April 2019

China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has got a vital position in the perspectives of economic growth and sustainable development of China and Pakistan. Viewing these prospects, the Chinese organizations are taking interest to deal with Pakistani organizations for the reinforcement of the mergers and acquisitions (M&As) deals. But, soft issues (SIs), such as, differences in organizational and national cultures, leadership styles, and human resource (HR) practices, may arise between Sino–Pak business entities which may hamper the successful dealings of M&As. This research investigates the effects of SIs on knowledge and technology sharing and transfer (KTST) and firm performance (FP), leading to industry performance (IP), and KTST effect on FP. Drawing on social exchange theory, psychological contract development and maintenance (PCDM) is investigated as a moderator in this study. The convenience sampling technique and administrative survey approach are applied for data collection. The 550 questionnaires were distributed among the Chinese and Pakistani workers. However, only 435 respondents gave proper feedback. Partial least square, structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a statistical model through smart PLS-3 is applied to analyze the data. The results elucidate the negative impacts of SIs on KTST and FP while KTST affects positively on FP and FP positively affects IP. The PCDM significantly moderates the effects of SIs on KTST and FP. If the Chinese organizations concentrate upon PCDM, the SIs would be resolved. The productive deals of M&As would be helpful in underpinning the exclusive growth of CPEC projects. The implications and limitations are discussed at the end of this study.
Improved biological insight and influence on management in indolent lymphoma. Talk 3: update on nodal and splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Thieblemont Catherine
Published: April 2019

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) are rare indolent chronic B-cell lymphomas. Prognosis is typically good with median survival around 10-15 years. Management is generally based on the presence of symptoms or high tumor burden. There are no standard treatments for these 2 entities, and therapeutic strategies are rapidly evolving. Clinical developments for these 2 entities are oriented by genomic studies, with largely overlapping mutational profiles involving the NOTCH, B-cell receptor (BcR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, chromatin remodeling, and the cytoskeleton. Although new therapeutic options based on targeting signaling pathways and overcoming resistance are increasingly available, few specific prospective studies are performed for these rare subtypes, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn. Novel drugs targeting B-cell signaling have shown promise, including ibrutinib and copanlisib. The second-generation oral immunomodalator (IMiD) lenalidomide showed impressive results when combined with rituximab. Other potential solutions include targeting the NF-κB, JAK/STAT, BCL2, NOTCH, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways; however, studies in these 2 MZL entities are yet to prove a definitive benefit. Molecular profiling is now a cornerstone of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies to offer patient- and disease-specific solutions. The development of a wider range of effective targeted therapies and prognostic biomarkers is keenly awaited and is expected to strongly affect the natural history of SMZL and NMZL.