bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) RISs for 6G: fundamentals, recent advances, and future directions
Authors: Liu Yuanwei , Xu Jiaqi , Wang Zhaolin , Mu Xidong , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Ping
Published: January 2024

Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) have been attracting significant attention in both academia and industry for their advantages of achieving 360° coverage and enhanced degrees-of-freedom. This article first identifies the fundamentals of STAR-RIS, by discussing the hardware models, channel models, and signal models. Then, three representative categorizing approaches for STAR-RISs are introduced from the phase-shift, directional, and energy consumption perspectives. Furthermore, the beamforming design of STAR-RISs is investigated for both independent and coupled phase-shift cases. As a recent advance, a general optimization framework, which has high compatibility and provable optimality regardless of the application scenarios, is proposed. As a further advance, several promising applications are discussed to demonstrate the potential benefits of applying STAR-RISs in sixth-generation wireless communication. Lastly, a few future directions and research opportunities are highlighted.
Avaliando a relação entre garra e desempenho acadêmico em estudantes: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Soares Ana Karla , Faria Rodrigues Luiz Felipe , Ferreira Borges Bianca , Rodrigues Neto Tayna Schoeffel
Published: January 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática com estudantes, como a garra está associada às diferentes formas de mensuração do desempenho acadêmico. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados do Scielo, PsycNET e PubMED com os descritores “desempenho acadêmico”, “ga-rra” e suas variações. Foram identificados 1470 artigos, destes 24,6% (363) do Scielo, 24,1% (355) do PsycNET e 51,1% (752) no PubMED. Após exclusão de duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 25 artigos foram selecionados para leitura completa. Foram identificadas pesquisas entre os anos de 2016 (8%) e 2021 (20%), sendo a maioria do ano de 2020 (36%), divulgados em idioma inglês (96%), com estudantes do ensino superior (48%), que empregaram o Short Grit Scale (67%) para mensurar a garra e o GPA (média de rendimento; 48%) para avaliar o desempenho acadêmico. Ao analisar os artigos, estes foram divididos em quatro cate-gorias: correlação positiva entre garra e desempenho acadêmico (52%), instrumentos de mensuração (40%), baixa relação entre garra e desempenho acadêmico (4%) e não identificaram correlação estatisticamente significativa com o GPA (4%). Os achados permitiram construir um panorama geral sobre a maneira como as temáticas de garra e desempenho acadêmico estão sendo estudadas, quando se considera o panorama nacional e internacional. É provável que a ausência de pesquisas nacionais reporte uma lacuna nas pesquisas realizadas sobre os temas conjuntamente em nosso contexto, sugerindo estudos futuros tanto de natureza teórica quanto empírica.
REGENERATION OF ETCH SOLUTION USED IN PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS PRODUCTION
Authors: Bykovsky N. A. , Puchkova L. N. , Fanakova N. N.
Published: January 2024

In printed circuit boards production, wastewater containing copper is generated. When these effluents are discharged into a reservoir, they must be diluted by a factor of 140000, and at the same time copper is lost during these copper-containing wastewaters treatment. The paper presents the results obtained in the study of electrochemical processing of copper-containing wastes formed at the stage of etching of printed circuit boards. The waste solution is processed in a membrane electrolyzer. Increasing the current density leads to an increase in the process rate Along with a decrease in the copper concentration in the solution, the hydrochloric acid concentration occurs. It is shown that in this case it is possible to regenerate the etch solution and obtain metallic copper.
BIOGAS ENERGY COMPLEX «BIOGAS NORD» IMPROVEMENT BY RATIONALIZING THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SCHEME OF THE LIVESTOCK COMPLEX
Authors: Uretski E. A. , Nikolenko I. V. , Moroz V. V.
Published: January 2024

Livestock, pig and poultry farms generate large amounts of organic waste, which pose a serious hazard to the environment. A radical solution to this problem is the use of non-traditional technologies for treating organic waste on livestock farms, aimed at converting this waste into thermal or electrical energy. One of the well-known and widely used non-traditional technologies abroad is the use of primary or secondary waste from livestock farms as sources of renewable energy. In the Republic of Belarus, a large number of livestock breeding complexes have been built and operated, based on the use of progressive flow technologies for meat production. The hydroflush removal of manure from livestock buildings used in this case led to the formation of significant volumes of highly concentrated wastewater, as well as liquid manure, solid manure and slurry. These wastes pose a serious hazard to the natural environment. The main form of their disposal is watering, without any preliminary treating and disinfection. An analysis of the treatment facilities of livestock complexes operating in the Republic of Belarus showed that in the republic there are practically

no not only effective wastewater treatment facilities for such complexes, but also technologies for sludge processing. Biogas technologies are one of the main modern methods of recycling organic waste of animal origin using the production of biogas (gaseous fuel) and environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. Such technologies make it possible to comprehensively solve the problem of energy, agrochemistry and ecology.

The article discusses the radical reconstruction of the design settling tanks, which increased the productivity of the existing biogas plant from 200 to 1000 kW, and the addition of the technological scheme with a block for binding an inhibitor of biological processes of excess ammonium in MgNH3PO4∙6H2O (magnesium ammonium orthophosphate – struvite) not only made it possible to significantly improve the process of biological wastewater treatment, and also obtain a complex fertilizer suitable for all crops. A radical reconstruction of the technological scheme increased the efficiency of wastewater treatment to the maximum permissible concentration, allowing its discharge into water bodies.
Comparative study: Garlic, ginger and turmeric as natural antimicrobials and bioactives
Authors: Oyinlola Kubrat A. , Ogunleye Gbemisola E. , Balogun Augustina I. , Joseph Oluwarotimi
Published: January 2024

Biologically active compounds in most spices possess antimicrobial and other important biomedical properties. There have been huge demands for natural immunity boosters (spices and herbs), considering the recent global pandemic and challenges relating to drug-resistant pathogens. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of ginger, garlic and turmeric spices against some pathogenic microorganisms. Aqueous extraction of spices, antimicrobial sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were done using standard microbiological methods. Bioactive compounds were estimated using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Aqueous extracts of ginger inhibited the growth of all test isolates except Streptococcus pneumoniae, with inhibition zones ranging between 0.9 mm and 13.5 mm. Escherichia coli, S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were resistant to turmeric extracts, while the extract of garlic inhibited only four of the test pathogens. Inhibition zones for turmeric ranged between 4.4 mm and 10.9 mm, while those for garlic were between 4.7 mm and 11.5 mm. All the spice extracts did not inhibit microbial growth at 10–40%. An antibiotic spectrum indicated that Bacillus sp. was resistant to all but one, nitrofurantoin, which also inhibited the growth of almost all pathogens, except H. influenzae, with zones ranging between 10.5 mm and 11.6 mm. All test pathogens were resistant to cloxacillin except E. coli (10.6 mm). The major phyto-active compounds present in ginger are 2-Butanone,4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl), 1,3-Cyclohexadiene and 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl).
Significance:
Conclusively, ginger, turmeric and garlic have varied inhibitory activities against diverse organisms, indicating their antimicrobial properties; however, ginger showed a higher inhibitory effect and more diverse antimicrobial property amongst selected isolates. Furthermore, certain bioactive compounds of biomedical importance were present. We therefore recommend the use of these spices as alternative natural food preservatives against spoilage organisms, as well as potential natural sources for bioactive compounds in drug development against pathogens.
Burden of postpartum depression in sub-Saharan Africa: An updated systematic review
Authors: Nweke Martins , Ukwuoma Maryjane , Adiuku-Brown Ada C. , Okemuo Adaora J. , Ugwu Princewill I. , Nseka Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern in resource-constrained sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Efforts to combat this burden are hampered by the region’s wide variation in reported prevalence. This review aimed to systematically synthesize up-to-date data on PPD in SSA. The review was structured per the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Included in the review were studies that reported the prevalence of PPD in SSA. A search was undertaken of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and PsycINFO. A random-effect model was fitted to estimate the pooled burden of postpartum depressive symptoms in SSA. We conducted subgroup analyses to estimate the distribution of postpartum depressive symptoms based on important study characteristics: sample size, the timing of diagnosis, design, study setting/region, instrument, and income/ economy. The prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms ranged from 3.8% to 69.9%, with a pooled estimate of 22.1% (CI 18.5–26.2; I2 = 98.2; Tau = 0.848; p<0.001). There was a significant variation in postpartum depressive symptoms with sample size (p<0.001). The highest prevalence (25.6% CI 21.5–30.1) was obtained within 12 weeks postpartum. The prevalence estimate was highest (23.3%; CI 20.1–26.8) with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). South Africa (30.6%; CI 23.6–38.7) and Zimbabwe (29.3%; CI 22.2–37.5) reported the highest prevalence rates, while Tanzania (13.5%; CI 10.1–17.9) reported the lowest prevalence estimates. Upper-middle SSA countries presented the highest prevalence rates (30.6%; CI 23.6–38.7). The prevalence was highest within the period 2010–2015. PPD constitutes a significant health burden in SSA and is fast becoming an epidemic in southern Africa. Significance: Given that PPD is a recurring mental health challenge among women in sub-Saharan Africa, there is an urgent need for strategic policy provisions to ameliorate its burden. An increase in prevalence of PPD from 2005–2010 to 2015–2021 is indicative of the need for national governments to intensify efforts targeted at achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 5 in the region. In SSA, the prevalence of PPD is highest (approximately 30%) in Southern Africa, precisely South Africa and Zimbabwe, where it is fast becoming an epidemic; hence strategies are needed to curtail its growing trend. There is a need to characterise and stratify the risk factors of PPD in sub-Saharan to guide policy development of predictive algorithms and implementation strategies.
Microbiological growth analysis on a 275 kV transmission line composite insulator in South Africa
Authors: Tshubwana Rembuluwani P. , Gomes Chandima , Van Coller John , Regnier Thierry J.C.
Published: January 2024

Transmission line silicon rubber insulators are frequently subjected to harsh environmental conditions that can change their surface characteristics and result in a transient or permanent loss of hydrophobicity. Algae, fungi, mould, and lichen are examples of biological growth that can compromise the power system’s ability to operate safely by lowering the insulator’s flashover voltage. We evaluated and identified the major microorganisms that could be responsible for the flashovers of insulators in South Africa. Due to the difficulty of accessing insulators currently in use within the electricity network, only two insulators, from two provinces in South Africa, were used in the study. Although algae were not found on the insulators, two major filamentous fungi identified as Curvularia sp. and Aspergillus sp. were isolated. The absence of algae could be attributed to the weather pattern of the two locations where the insulators were placed during their use as part of the network. According to previous studies worldwide, the high occurrence of these fungi could be linked to the reduction of flashover voltage of the composite insulators. Although a larger survey including more insulators from all provinces in South Africa should be conducted, the current study demonstrates the need for a cleaning programme for insulators using cost-effective eco-friendly antimicrobial agents.
Significance:

Degradation and loss of hydrophobicity on the overhead line composite due to biological growth were found to be an impediment to the safe operation of high-voltage insulators. Fungi were found to be the main factor causing the degradation of overhead transmission lines.
With these data, a model can be developed to predict the rate of biological growth on a given insulator, to estimate the degradation of the surface conditions with time for the utility to know when to remove them from the line. Such a model could lead to a more reliable and efficient power system and reduce the engineer’s workload.
A tanítójelöltek környezetismeret-tanítása a módszertant oktatók szemszögéből
Authors: Szántóné Tóth Hajnalka , Doba László
Published: January 2024

Az elméleti-gyakorlati képzés egysége és a gyakorlatok képzési folyamaton átívelő kitüntetett szerepe a tanítóképzés tradicionálisan meghatározó sajátossága. A hallgatók a gyakorlati képzés folyamatában ismerkednek az iskolai tevékenységek különböző formáival (oktatási, nevelési és adminisztrációs feladatok). A gyakorlatok célja, hogy a pedagógusjelöltek széleskörűen megismerjék a tanítói munkát és a tanítással összefüggő gyakorlati feladatokat, egyúttal fejlődjenek a tanítósághoz szükséges készségeik és képességeik. A tanítóképzés ugyancsak hagyományosan meghatározó jellemzője az alapos és sokszínű módszertani felkészítés, amit a képzők és a felhasználók is a képzés erősségeként tartanak számon. Az órák látogatásával, megfigyelésével és elemzésével a hallgatók nemcsak a tanítói tevékenység tudatos részelemekre bontását és összekapcsolását gyakorolják, hanem reflektivitásukat is fejlesztik. A tanulmány az alsó tagozatos környezetismeret tantárgy tanítási gyakorlatát elemzi a módszertant oktatók szemszögéből. Bemutatja és értelmezi a hallgatói tanításon látottakat és tapasztaltakat. Megfigyeléseink megerősítették azt, hogy az elméleti ismeretek gyakorlati alkalmazása kiemelkedő jelentőségű a tanítóvá válás folyamatában.
PERCEPÇÃO DE PRODUTORES DE BÁRUÈ SOB A UTILIZAÇÃO DE FONTES ALTERNATIVAS DE BIOGÁS
Authors: BENGALA PEDRO SANTOS PENO , FOQUIÇO MATEUS ABÍLIO , MELO ANTÓNIO DA PIEDADE
Published: January 2024

O estudo foi realizado no distrito de Báruè, província de Manica - Moçambique, nas localidades de Nhassacara, Nabuto e no posto administrativo de Nhampassa, com objetivo de avaliar o uso da tecnologia dos digestores como alternativa à produção de energia e redução do desmatamento. Foram entrevistados 79 criadores de gado bovino, suíno e caprino sobre a percepção dos efeitos negativos do desmatamento, as principais fontes de energia usada para a cozinha e a percepção sobre digestores de biogás. Os pontos de amostragem foram marcados com o auxílio de um GPS. A maior parte dos entrevistados tem a lenha como a principal fonte de energia para a cozinha. Constatou-se que apenas 37% dos entrevistados têm informação dos problemas causados pelo desmatamento ao meio ambiente e 63% disseram não conhecer os problemas. Apenas 5% dos entrevistados responderam saber da existência de outras fontes de energia, como o biogás. Conclui- se que Báruè apresenta potencial de produção de energia proveniente do biogás.
La escritura a través de los géneros en el marco educativo basado en las competencias: el caso del País Vasco / Gender-based writing in the competency-based educational framework: the case of the Basque Country
Authors: Boillos Pereira Mari Mar
Published: January 2024

Resumen:

Conscientes de las carencias escritoras de los estudiantes en diferentes etapas educativas, la documentación en materia de educación del Gobierno Vasco (decretos y líneas metodológicas) ha puesto de relieve esta problemática y ha mostrado su preocupación por mejorar la formación escritora de los estudiantes. La competencia comunicativa y, por extensión, las diferentes actividades comunicativas de la lengua, entre ellas, la escritura, han pasado a ser esenciales no sólo en las materias de lenguas, sino de manera transversal a todas las materias. En esta línea, este trabajo busca conocer las posibilidades que el enfoque basado en los géneros ofrece para dar respuesta a esta demanda formativa. Este enfoque defiende el uso de los géneros como eje para la construcción de tareas en las que se van desarrollando las habilidades para interactuar en una comunidad discursiva. Los resultados muestran las posibilidades de esta aplicación y las futuras líneas de trabajo posibles.

Palabras clave: desarrollo de las habilidades; educación básica; escritura; lenguas; competencias.

 

Abstract: Aware of students’ lack of writing skills in different stages of education, the Basque Government's documentation on Education (decrees and methodological guidelines) has highlighted this problem and has shown its concern to improve student writing. Communicative competence and, by extension, the different communicative activities of the language, including writing, have become essential not only in language subjects, but also transversely to all subjects. In this line, this work seeks to know the possibilities that the Genre-based Approach offers to respond to this teaching demand. This approach defends the use of genres as the axis for the construction of tasks in which skills are developed to interact in a discursive community. The results show the possibilities of this approach and the possible future lines of work.

Keywords: development of skills; basic education, writing; languages; skills.
American Literature for Millennial and Centennial Undergraduates: Reflections upon an Eclectic Teaching Model / La literatura norteamericana para universitarios millennials y centennials: : Reflexiones en torno a un modelo ecléctico de enseñanza
Authors: Cañero Serrano Julio
Published: January 2024

La cuestión del canon en aula de literatura norteamericana de la universidad española ha estado, con toda lógica, influida por las denominadas ‘Guerras Culturales’ que desde los años noventa del siglo pasado se han librado en Estados Unidos entre los partidarios de mantener una tradición próxima al pensamiento dominante y los que han intercedido por la apertura de esa tradición a voces obliteradas. Partiendo de la definición de lo literario frente a lo no literario, este trabajo se adentra en las distintas corrientes que han determinado el canon literario de ese país y las que lo han rechazado por dejar sin voz a determinados grupos (mujeres, inmigrantes, clase trabajadora, o minorías étnicas, raciales o de orientación sexual). Ante los desafíos que representan una nueva generación de alumnos universitarios españoles, los denominados millennials y centennials, mucho más receptivos a las creaciones del ‘Otro’ -independientemente de si esas creaciones son distintivas, por su origen o por su carácter formal, de lo entendido como literario,- reflexionamos sobre la necesidad de abogar por una aproximación docente de corte ecléctica a la creación artísticas estadounidense, conjugando el requisito de conocer las obras canónicas con estudiar también en nuestras aulas aquellas que la tradición ha denostado.
 
Abstract
The question of the canon in American Literature classroom of Spanish universities is influenced by the ‘Cultural Wars’ that, since the 1990s, have been fought in the United States between the supporters of maintaining a tradition close to the dominant thought, and those that have defended the opening of the canon to obliterated voices. Starting from the definition of literary versus non-literary, this work delves into the tendencies that have determined the literary canon of the US, and those which have rejected it for its concealment of the voices of important segments of the American population (women, immigrants, and class, ethnic, racial or sexual-oriented groups). Acknowledging that today’s teachers face the challenges posed by a new generation of university students, the so-called Millennials and Centennials, who are much more receptive to the creations of the ‘Other’ -regardless of whether these creations are distinctive, by their origin or by their formal character, of what is understood as literary,- we ponder upon the need to advocate an eclectic teaching approach to American artistic creations, combining the requirement to know the canonical works with the study of those pieces of work that the tradition has reviled.
Keywords: American Literature; Canon; Teaching; Cultural Diversity.
Flipping the classroom for higher education learners to improve productive and receptive skills / Invertir la clase con estudiantes universitarios para mejorar las destrezas productivas y receptivas
Authors: Calle Martínez Cristina
Published: January 2024

Este estudio examina la capacidad de los estudiantes de Turismo para abordar las quejas de clientes utilizando el enfoque de aula invertida combinado con la implementación del programa en línea VoiceThread. El estudio se llevó a cabo con un grupo de 49 estudiantes ILE en el Grado de Turismo en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 3 fases: (1) a los estudiantes se les proporcionó material en Campus Virtual con expresiones útiles relacionadas con las quejas de clientes, que los estudiantes debían consultar antes de la siguiente clase. (2) En el laboratorio de idiomas, los estudiantes debían escuchar una queja de un cliente y darle una respuesta satisfactoria mediante grabación de su propia voz. (3) Para recabar información sobre la opinión que tenían de esta actividad experimental, a los estudiantes se les pidió que cumplimentaran un cuestionario Google. En general, los resultados del estudio han demostrado el impacto positivo de este método en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje en las clases de ILE para los estudiantes de turismo, contribuyendo a su motivación y al desarrollo de sus habilidades profesionales.
 
Abstract
This study examines the ability of Tourism students to deal with customer complaints by using the flipped classroom approach combined with the implementation of the online VoiceThread programme. The study was carried out with a group of 49 EFL students in the Degree of Tourism at the University Complutense of Madrid. The study was carried out in 3 phases: (1) students were provided with audio material containing some useful expressions related to customers’ complaints. This material was made available on the Virtual Platform (Campus Virtual) so students could consult it as they needed before the following class. (2) In the computing room, students were asked to listen to a customer complaint and to give a solution by recording their own voices. (3) In order to gather students’ opinions about this experimental activity, students were asked to fill in a Google form questionnaire. Overall, the results of the study have shown the positive impact of this method on the teaching/learning process in the EFL classes for Tourism students, contributing to their motivation and development of their professional skills
 Keywords: flipped classroom; EFL; tourism; customer complaints; professional skills
Biotinylation by antibody recognition v1
Authors: not provided Bryan_Killinger
Published: January 2024

This protocol details the biotinylation by antibody recognition.
Phenocycler-Fusion Staining Protocol For FFPE Tissue v1
Authors: J Ahn Kyung , Bandyopadhyay Shovik , Thadi Anusha , Tan Kai
Published: January 2024

This protocol describes the method for antibody staining of FFPE tissues on slides using CODEX barcoded antibodies. The Akoya Phenocycler-Fusion user manual was modified to include photobleaching steps. Included are the stepwise protocols for pre-staining, deparaffinization, antigen retrieval, photobleaching, antibody staining and post-fixation.
DNA Extraction from Inoculated Broth for WGS using the Maxwell RSC Cultured Cells DNA Kit v1
Authors: Haendiges Julie , Timme Ruth
Published: January 2024

The Maxwell® RSC Cultured cells DNA Kit is used with the Maxwell RSC or Maxwell RSC 48 Instrument from Promega. This extraction method purifies genomic DNA (gDNA) efficiently using automation. The kit utilizes a silica-based paramagnetic particle that is used during the purification process. This protocol will provide information for extraction from broth. Additional steps are performed when extracting DNA from gram-positive organisms. This SOP is applicable to all GenomeTrakr laboratories with the intent of obtaining high quality, purified genomic DNA from gram-negative or gram-positive bacterial cells for use in subsequent sequencing protocols.
Protocol for α-synuclein (αSyn) proximity ligation assay (PLA) for detecting α-synuclein oligomers in rodents v1
Authors: not provided alba.nicolau , Cuadros Thais , Vila Miquel
Published: January 2024

Protocol for α-synuclein (αSyn) proximity ligation assay (PLA) for detecting α-synuclein oligomers in rodents.
Bottling the Criminal Contempt Law – A Search for ‘Intention’ in ‘Scandalizing the Court’
Authors: Tyagi Vijay , Chadha Vaibhav , Tyagi Lavam , Srivastava Shambhavi
Published: January 2024

The right to speak and express freely is arguably the most contentious fundamental right guaranteed to the citizens by the Indian Constitution. Like all the other rights and privileges in a democracy, freedom of speech is not absolute and is subject to restrictions. One such restriction is the offence of contempt of court. In doing so, courts have been successful in upholding their dignity and majesty but often at the cost of stifling criticism and instilling fear amongst the critics of the institution. There is a sense of anxiety among the citizens as they anticipate an over-disciplined regime and struggle to understand what constitutes criminal contempt and how it works. In this article, the authors have attempted to suggest a development in the existing criminal contempt law by scrutinising the mental element of the publisher or the person making the criticism.
Methods for poverty alleviation in Malawi using the principles of jubilee in the Old Testament
Authors: Nanthambwe Patrick
Published: January 2024

Africa faces a number of obstacles when it comes to the quality of life. In Malawi, more than two-thirds of the population lives in extreme poverty, almost all of whom rely on small-scale farming for their livelihoods. Despite efforts by both the government and religious and nonreligious organizations to address the issue, poverty is pervasive in Malawi. This article is guided by the question “What should be done to alleviate poverty in Malawi? Historically, the Church has taken over helping the poor and caring for widows, the destitute, and orphans. On the other hand, the law of jubilee in Leviticus 25 shows that the year of jubilee was a levelling of real assets that occurred every fifty years. This practice mitigated economic inequality making it possible for families not to live in the circle of poverty for generations. This article provides a response by analysing the literature on poverty and relating it to the jubilee principles of the Old Testament in order to propose possible methods for enhancing poverty alleviation in Malawi.
Communal individualism
Authors: Biar Zechariah Manyok
Published: January 2024

An African community appears to function in the same way that an individual functions in the (post)modern West. It differs from an understanding of ubuntu and an African community as universal. This article diverges from the universalised concept of ubuntu in that it points out that the rural understanding of a community in Africa is more local than universal. The explored literature seems to support the rural understanding of an African community as more local and exclusive than universal and inclusive. Blood relationships and shared practices define this particularised identity. The article, therefore, recommends that the individual concept of an African community would be universalised only when it is applied to Christianity as a universal community of believers united by the blood of Jesus.
Göğüs Röntgeni Görüntülerinden Akciğer Hastalıklarının Sınıflandırılması için Farklı Derin Öznitelikler ile Beslenen Destek Vektör Makinesi
Authors: ÜZEN Hüseyin , FIRAT Hüseyin
Published: January 2024

En ölümcül akciğer hastalıklarından üçü olan COVID-19, tüberküloz ve zatürre, rutin olarak göğüs röntgeni (GR) taramaları kullanılarak tespit edilmektedir. Son teknolojik gelişmeler, otomatik teşhis için bilgisayar destekli sistemlerde yeni bir çağ başlatmakta ve önemli faydalar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu hastalıkları GR'lerden ayırt etmek için tasarlanmış üç aşamalı yeni bir derin öğrenme modeli önermektedir. Modelin ilk aşamasında, derinlemesine ayrılabilir evrişim, geleneksel evrişim ve tam bağlı katmanlar dahil olmak üzere derin özellikleri çıkarmak için bir Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı (ESA) kullanılmaktadır. İkinci aşamada, daha yüksek sınıflandırma başarısı elde etmek için Destek Vektör Makineleri (DVM) sınıflandırıcısı kullanılarak tekrar bir eğitim sürecinden geçirilmektedir. Bu sayede farklı katmanlardan alınan derin özelliklerden daha fazla yararlanılmaktadır. Üçüncü aşamada ise model test edilmektedir. Deneysel çalışmalarda dört sınıftan oluşan GR veri kümesi üzerinde testler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu veri kümesi COVID-19, Pnömoni, Normal ve Tüberküloz sınıflarını içermektedir. Kapsamlı deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda önerilen model %99,30 ortalama doğruluk sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Diğer yandan sınıf bazlı sonuçlarda COVID-19 ve Tüberküloz için %100, Normal ve Pnömoni vakaları için ise %98,60 doğruluk oranına ulaşmıştır. Bu sonuçlar COVID-19 ve Tüberküloz sınıflandırması için önerilen modelin çok etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca deneysel çalışmaların ikinci bölümünde, önerilen model sonuçları, mevcut modeller ile karşılaştırılmış ve üstün başarılar elde ettiği görülmüştür.
Assessing Pronated Foot Correction: A Comparative Analysis of Structured Exercise Programs and Conventional Barefoot Orthotic Support
Authors: Mandar Malawade Et al.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The ankle joint, which connects the lower leg and foot and permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, is an important synovial hinge joint. The 26-foot bones that make up the ankle joint complex include 33 joints: talocalcaneal, tibiotalar, and transverse tarsal. Significant forces can be applied on the foot's ability to adapt to various surfaces during walking and running. This study looks at the effects of a structured exercise programme and a modified barefoot orthotic support on lower limb injuries, foot deformities, and biomechanics in individuals with pronated foot issues. The relationship between low back pain, knee adduction moments, pelvic motion, and foot mechanics is investigated in this study. Plantar pressure distribution and the effectiveness of bespoke foot orthoses for pronated feet symptoms are impacted by extrinsic rearfoot posts. To enhance pronation-related therapies, the study looks into foot type responses and dose-response effects.

Material and Methods: The study conducted at Krishna College of Physiotherapy in KIMSDU, Karad, "The Effectiveness of Structured Exercise Programme and Modified Barefoot Orthotic Support on Pronated Foot in Collegiates," uses a strict experimental design. A prevalence study of flexible flat foot was used to estimate the sample size of 100. SPSS-25 is used for statistical analysis, including paired and unpaired t-tests, in this study. Strict inclusion criteria centre on marked pronation, and measuring tools and materials are carefully selected for biomechanical evaluation. A thorough assessment is provided by outcome measures such as the Rearfoot Angle, Foot Posture Index, and Navicular Drop Test. A comprehensive investigation of long-term consequences can be conducted within the one-year timeframe, and the academic context lends legitimacy. The methodology makes a substantial contribution to the field of musculoskeletal health research by guaranteeing accuracy, validity, and relevance when examining therapies for pronated foot.

Result: The Structured Exercise Programme and Modified Barefoot Orthotic Support were implemented, and the results showed a considerable improvement in navicular drop, foot posture index, and rarefoot angle scores. These results provide strong proof of the usefulness of these therapies in reducing the negative consequences of pronated feet. The study supports the alternate theory while also validating the main hypothesis and offering insightful information to researchers and healthcare professionals.

Conclusion: In summary, this study advances our knowledge of successful treatments for disorders involving the pronated foot by highlighting the advantages of a structured exercise regimen and modified barefoot orthotic support. Improved management of pronated foot issues in a variety of populations is made possible by the thorough statistical analyses and thorough interpretation of the results, which highlight the effectiveness and dependability of these therapies.
Enhancing Temporomandibular Joint Function in Cerebral Palsy: A Comprehensive Investigation of the Impact and Efficacy of a Structured Exercise Program
Authors: Mandar Malawade Et al.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: A structured exercise routine for cerebral palsy children with TMD is explored in this study. TMD impacts jaw joint function, while CP causes non-progressive mental and physical issues. Current treatments lack demographic-specific exercise. The yearlong study examines the program's TMJ pain and range of motion benefits. An experimental technique shows personalised therapy for CP and TMD youngsters, filling a knowledge gap.

Background: Cerebral Palsy children typically have Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), which cause jaw pain and restriction. This demographic has little information on structured exercise programmes for TMD despite their increased susceptibility. This study tackles this gap with a one-year experiment at Krishna College of Physiotherapy, KIMSDU, Karad. The study uses the Helkimo Index and Three Finger Index to evaluate a structured exercise programme on Cerebral Palsy children's Temporomandibular joint pain and motions, providing vital insights into evidence-based therapies for this particular pediatric group.

Objectives: A year-long planned exercise routine for children with cerebral palsy and temporomandibular problems will be examined in the study. The programme aims to reduce temporomandibular joint pain and motions. The intervention at Krishna College of Physiotherapy, a pre- and post-test experimental investigation, and statistical analysis utilising paired t tests for within-group comparisons are further goals. This study will provide this pediatric group with evidence-based TMD rehabilitation strategies.

Material & Method: Goniometers, heated moist packs, and soft tissue mobilisation tools are used in the study. Organised exercise for cerebral palsy children with temporomandibular issues includes TMJ mobilisation and posture education. Krishna College of Physiotherapy, KIMSDU, Karad, conducted the one-year experimental study including pre- and post-tests. Robust statistical analysis using SPSS 25 paired t-tests. The three-day-a-week, six-week fitness course gradually increases repetitions.

Result: The study found that structured exercise improved Cerebral Palsy patients' Temporomandibular Disorders. The Helkimo Index decreased while the Three Finger Index increased, indicating significant improvements in temporomandibular joint pain and motions. These results support the alternative hypothesis that the intervention worked.

Conclusion: A study found that organised exercise aids cerebral palsy TMD patients. It worked because the Helkimo Index and Three Finger Index statistically improved temporomandibular joint pain and motions. The topic population is diverse and geographic coverage is limited, yet successful. This suggests more Cerebral Palsy Temporomandibular Disorder rehabilitation research.
IoT in Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Rajan Gupta Et al.
Published: January 2024

This exploration investigates the collaborations between Internet of Things (IoT) advancements and horticulture, zeroing in on the groundbreaking effect of decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and K-Means Grouping (KMC). Persuaded by the basic to address worldwide populace development and cultivate feasible horticultural practices, the review surveys these calculations with regards to accuracy cultivating. Utilizing a different dataset from IoT sensors, the exploration utilizes thorough examinations and relative measurements, including exactness, accuracy, review, F1 score, and relapse measurements, to assess the presentation of every calculation. With an accuracy of 92%, the results show that Random Forest outperforms other algorithms, effectively reducing the overfitting in Decision Trees. Support Vector Machines exhibit vigorous grouping abilities, accomplishing an exactness of 88%. K-Means Clustering features utility in field division, adding to the accuracy of agribusiness procedures with a precision of 84%. Decision Trees, regardless of incidental overfitting, keep an excellent exactness of 85%. Regression metrics uncover that Random Forest accomplishes a MSE of 7.2 and an R-squared worth of 0.82, stressing its adequacy in advancing asset use. These discoveries give pivotal bits of knowledge to professionals and policymakers, featuring the assorted qualities and uses of every calculation in improving farming proficiency. The exploration makes way for the reconciliation of IoT-driven advances into accuracy agribusiness, offsetting efficiency with ecological supportability.
Hyperparameter-Optimized Machine Learning Techniques for Mammogram Classification
Authors: Sreekala K K Et al.
Published: January 2024

Computer technology has employed Machine Learning models in a variety of applications to improve performance. The hyperparameter of a machine learning model must be adapted to overcome learning limitations and increase its performance. In this research, the hyperparameters of machine learning classifiers are tuned to identify cases of benign or malignant breast abnormalities. An experimental investigation was conducted using the Wisconsin Diagnosis Breast Cancer (WDBC) Dataset. A fusion model, Bayesian Optimization Hyper Band-Naïve Bayes (BOHB-NB) is employed, which is combined with conventional classification approaches like Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM).  The proposed methods are compared to cutting-edge models like SVM, NB, LR, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Random Forest, and Decision Tree using a wide range of parametric measures, such as Precision, Recall, Specificity, F-measure, Accuracy, True Positivity Rate (TPR), and False Positivity Rate (FPR). The results show that the proposed methods outperform the leading models.
Solution of First-Order Differential Equation Using Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Approach and Adams Bashforth Methods
Authors: Ibrahim Salisu
Published: January 2024

In this research, we investigate the solution of first-order differential equations (DEs) using Runge- Kutta fourth-order method (RKM) and Adams-Bashforth methods (ABMs). In this work we consider fourth-order RKM and ABMs for solving first order DEs. The method proof to be simple, easy, accurate and efficient technique for solving first order DEs. Moreover, there are unlimited application of fourth-order RK4 and ABMs for solving first-order DE in science, engineering, economics, social science, biology and business. These play an important role in science and engineering. Some examples are giving and solved to support the efficiency of our methods which are demonstrated by figures.
Ensemble Approach for DDoS Attack Detection in Cloud Computing Using Random Forest and GWO
Authors: Savita Devi Et al.
Published: January 2024

When multiple technologies are added to a traditional network, it becomes increasingly difficult to meet newly imposed requirements, such as those regarding security. Since the widespread adoption of telecommunication technologies for the past decade, there have been an enhancement in the number of security threats that are more appealing. However, many new security concerns have arisen as a consequence of the introduction of the novel technology. One of the most significant of these is the potential for distributed denial of service attacks. Therefore, a DDoS detection method based on Random Forest Classifier and Grey Wolf Optimization algorithms in this work was developed to mitigate the DDoS threat. The results of the evaluation show that the Random Forest Classifier can achieve substantial performance improvements with respect to 99.96% accuracy. Comparison is also made to several state-of-the-art techniques for detecting of DDoS attacks for the real dataset.
Cross-Domain Aspect Extraction using Adversarial Domain Adaptation
Authors: Sampathirao Suneetha Et. al
Published: January 2024

Aspect extraction, the task of identifying and categorizing aspects or features in text, plays a crucial role in sentiment analysis. However, aspect extraction models often struggle to generalize well across different domains due to domain-specific language patterns and variations.  In order to tackle this challenge, we propose an approach called "Cross-Domain Aspect Extraction using Adversarial-Based Domain Adaptation". Our model combines the power of pre-trained language models, such as BERT, with adversarial training techniques to enable effective aspect extraction in diverse domains. The model learns to extract domain-invariant aspects by incorporating a domain discriminator, making it adaptable to different domains. We evaluate our model on datasets from multiple domains and demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving cross-domain aspect extraction. The results of our experiments reveal that our model outperforms baseline techniques, resulting in significant gains in aspect extraction across various domains. Our approach opens new possibilities for domain adaptation in aspect extraction tasks, providing valuable insights for sentiment analysis in diverse domains.
Immunotherapy Combinations in Cancer Treatment: Synergistic Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Rashmi Gudur Et al.
Published: January 2024

Combinations of immunotherapies are at the forefront of cancer treatment innovation, providing a variety of approaches to strengthen the immune system against cancer. The synergistic potential, clinical results, and difficulties associated with combining different immunotherapies to fight cancer are examined in this study. Examined are the mechanisms that underlie synergy, including dual immune checkpoint blockage and the interaction between immune modulation and adoptive cell therapy. Challenges including toxicity control, patient selection, and cost concerns are addressed alongside important therapeutic benefits across a range of malignancies, such as extended survival and increased response rates.

Prospects for the future include personalised treatment utilising cutting-edge technology such as artificial intelligence, novel immunomodulatory drugs, and investigation of the gut-immune axis. Key tactics include integrating immunotherapy with conventional medicines and enabling medication delivery using nanotechnology. To ensure the practical translation and accessibility of these treatments, it is imperative to solve problems through collaborative efforts and strong clinical studies to validate them.
Liquid Biopsies in Oncology: Revolutionizing Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring
Authors: Anand Gudur Et al.
Published: January 2024

Oncology has been transformed by liquid biopsies, which offer non-invasive techniques for cancer detection and tracking. This article examines how circulating tumour cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and their therapeutic uses might revolutionise cancer therapy. CTCs provide information on tumour heterogeneity and metastatic potential since they are excreted from primary or metastatic tumours. Released by necrotic or apoptotic tumour cells, cfDNA is a genetically altered material that helps track the effectiveness of therapy. EVs, which are made up of microvesicles and exosomes, are capable of carrying cancer biomarkers and transferring biomolecules. Stable in circulation, miRNAs show dysregulation in cancer and are therefore useful indicators for both diagnosis and prognosis.

Clinical uses include tracking illness development, evaluating treatment response, and early identification. Early therapies are made possible by the diagnosis of minimal residual illness by liquid biopsies. Therapeutic decisions are guided by real-time monitoring of treatment response, and dynamic evaluations facilitate the development of individualised treatment plans.

Technical difficulties, problems with standardisation, concerns with cost-effectiveness, and difficulties interpreting data are among the challenges. The development of technology, its incorporation into clinical practice, personalised medicine, the identification of biomarkers, and cooperative efforts to overcome obstacles are the main focuses of future directions.
Updates in Dermatopathology: Emerging Trends in Diagnosis and Classification
Authors: Asma Hussain Et al.
Published: January 2024

Developments in dermatopathology are transforming clinical practice profoundly by constantly changing disease categorization and diagnostic methods. This review highlights key developments that have shaped modern dermatopathology, including the use of digital pathology, artificial intelligence (AI) applications, changing categorization schemes, and molecular profiling. By using methods such as next-generation sequencing, molecular profiling clarifies complex genetic changes that underlie skin conditions, enabling accurate diagnosis and focused treatment plans. Digital pathology systems are transforming the field of diagnostics through the provision of remote consultations, cooperation, and improved diagnosis accuracy. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications show promise in automating picture processing, improving diagnosis accuracy, and optimising workflow. Molecular, histological, and clinical data are integrated via evolving classification systems, which improve disease categorization and prognostication. The synergy of knowledge created by interdisciplinary interactions between dermatologists, pathologists, technologists, and molecular biologists promotes holistic approaches to patient treatment and disease understanding. When taken as a whole, these discoveries represent a paradigm change in dermatopathology, opening the door to applications in precision medicine and individualised patient care.