bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POTENTIAL OF USING COMMON FRESH WATER FISH OF THE ARCTIC TERRITORY OF KRASNOYARSK REGION FOR FOOD PURPOSES
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Gubanenko Galina , Cheremnyh Dar'ya , Balyabina Tatiana , Glotova Marina
Published: February 2022

For small fish of the Arctic territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in 2021, at the regional level, quotas for the total allowable catches of 2,600 tons have been established, of which the largest volume of 1,052 tons falls on the catch of vendace and 779 tons of the catch of burbot. Literature data indicate a high nutritional value of burbot and vendace, which are characterized by a protein content of 57 to 85 g / 100 g, the amount of amino acid scor is from 76 to 150%, the fat content is from 1 to 32 g / 100 g. The analysis of fatty acid composition showed a high degree of their unsaturation with a high oleic content of more than 21 g / 100 g in vendace and burbot meat, as well as more than 13 g / 100 g in burbot. It was found that the content of phosphorus, potassium and sodium prevails in burbot on average 2.1 times, compared with their content in vendace. However, vendace contains 96 times more magnesium than burbot. The zinc content has the same value and is 2.50 mg / 100 g. Veggie is characterized by a greater amount of calcium, iron, manganese and copper than burbot, on average 1.8 times. In terms of the quantitative content of vitamins D, E, B2, B6, B12, the studied objects have the same values. The results of the study of the assortment of vendace and burbot products presented in retail chains in Krasnoyarsk demonstrate no more than five product offerings from vendace and three from burbot. Four manufacturers of products from the surveyed objects in Krasnoyarsk were identified. Proposals have been formulated for saturating the trading niches of Krasnoyarsk with vendace and burbot products, including measures for the development of new types of products, their promotion to the consumer market in the segments of frozen semi-finished products: chopped, in a dough casing, fish and vegetable, etc.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRADING SERVICES MARKET TAKING BASED ON DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kuimov Vasiliy , Yakobson Alexandra
Published: February 2022

This article discusses methodological approaches to assessing the development of the trade services market, their advantages and disadvantages, taking into account the current trends in the digitalization of the economy. Based on the existing methods, the authors propose a methodological approach to assessing the development of the trading services market. The main difference of the author's methodology is its complex nature and taking into account the level of development of the digital transformation process in the market, which allows us to identify cause-and-effect relationships between the indicators of the digitalization process and the main processes taking place in the market on the basis of a matrix of expert assessments.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES OCCURRING DURING THE INTERACTION OF THE ENTERPRISE WITH THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE PRODUCT SALES PROCESS
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Cacorin Aleksandr
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes enterprises that sell products through various channels. The development of the method is based on the use of graphs. The sources of the data were the observation of several companies that sell their products using different channels. As a result of the study, it was found that this method can presumably be used in modeling the interaction of enterprises with the external environment both at the stage of creating a business and at the stage of its functioning. The study did not assess the financial component of specific enterprises, the number of employees, time of presence on the market, marketing strategy and other parameters. The assessment was carried out solely by the presence of a connection between the enterprise and the subject of the external environment and their number.
Full Issue 2(2)
Authors: De Botton Lena
Published: February 2022

Full Issue 2(2)
Análisis de la Formación en Comunicación Intercultural
Authors: Paz Gómez Alma Delia
Published: February 2022

ResumenSe realiza un estudio comparativo del Plan de estudios de la licenciatura en Comunicación Intercultural que imparten Universidades Interculturales de México, para conocer la formación del estudiante, desde un marco histórico-conceptual de universidad y educación intercultural; comunicación y periodismo intercultural; comunicación social y medios interculturales; lo anterior para comprender la tarea de informar al interior y exterior de las universidades con los medios de comunicación y el impacto que genera la noticia. Para ello se activó el buscador Alert google, para sondear la periodicidad y temáticas de noticias interculturales que navegan en la web a través de la agenda setting, a fin de responder a la pregunta: ¿Se requiere de una especialidad en periodismo educativo intercultural para que la información universitaria intercultural, sea noticia en los medios?
La Comunicación como Eje de Transmisión de Valores Interculturales
Authors: Rodríguez Francisca María
Published: February 2022

Conocemos la importancia que tiene la educación en valores interculturales y su entorno de transmisión, la cual no sería viable sin la comunicación. En nuestro estudio la consideramos como el eje de transmisión de valores interculturales. Dado su enorme peso en la evolución de la educación intercultural, delimitamos su conceptualización y caracterización desde el punto de vista comunicativo. Hacemos una breve parada en el análisis de aspectos que se dan en la conducta con el fin de implementar el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural, su objetivo y sus dimensiones para demostrar la relevancia que tiene la competencia comunicativa intercultural.
ACADEMIC MOBILITY AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL TRAVEL IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Ivan Bobersky Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Skabara Roman , Khudoba Volodymyr ,   Ivan Bobersky Lviv State University of Physical Culture
Published: February 2022

Purpose of the study was to analyze the content of the conceptual and terminological system of the multifaceted phenomenon, which is educational travel. To achieve the research goal, a significant array of statistical and analytical information has been developed, which characterizes the structural and dynamic processes in the field of higher education in Ukraine. The research methodology involved the use of official statistical sources and analytical surveys of public organizations working in the field of educational reforms. General scientific research methods have optimized the process of comparing individual components of educational travel. Results. The main structural and dynamic processes that take place in the educational sector of Ukraine are established. With the stabilization of the number of higher education institutions and the number of applicants for higher education, the volumes of educational migration of both Ukrainian citizens abroad and foreign citizens to Ukraine are increasing. There is a transformation of the geographical structure of the countries of origin of foreign citizens, and the countries of residence of students - citizens of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. A new concept of the term "academic mobility" is proposed. The potential of educational trips related to the possibility of realization of the right to academic mobility by applicants for higher education and employees of higher education institutions has been carried out. A comparative description of the components of educational travel is given. The practical significance lies in the possibility of use by tourism organizers and administrations of higher education institutions of the recommendations formulated in the article. We emphasize that tourism organizers are obliged to take advantage of the opportunities that arise for the development and transformation of the tourism market in Ukraine.
TEMPORAL STATES OF LANGUAGE ACTIVITY: ON THE PROBLEM OF DISTINGUISHING ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN THE SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF F. DE SAUSSURE
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Prosianyk Oksana
Published: February 2022

The article gives critical assessment of the problem of synchrony / diachrony, mythologized in the traditional reception of the views of Ferdinand de Saussure. The concept of F. de Saussure is known, first of all, in the presentation of “Course in General Linguistics”, published in 1916, compiled by fellow scientists. Saussure’s autographed materials, published in 2002, provide the basis to reconsider the main provisions of his scientific concept. The article presents an understanding of temporal states of language activity in the concept of the “new” Saussure. The careful reading of the autographs showed that the time was a key determinant of the existence of a linguistic object for the Swiss linguist. Saussure distinguishes language activity, language and speech, above all, by their temporal features, as well as by their functions. Language is a set of simultaneous diverse semiological relationships, i.e., it is idiosynchronous. Speech as a one-time statement and as a discursive situation in general is an action that is to create a sequential phonetic series. Saussure describes it as diachronic on a time basis and doesn’t associate it with the history of language. Language activity as a holistic function of human experience is both unchanging and functioning in time, i.e. continuous, panchronic.
Trials of Members of Einsatzkommando 8 in West Germany: Gaswagen and the Holocaust in Mogilev
Authors: Grakhotskiy A. P.
Published: February 2022

In 1942, in order to execute the genocide of Jews in Belarus, along with carrying out mass executions, the Nazis began to use gaswagens. In June 1942, a «special vehicle» appeared at the disposal of Einsatzkommando 8 in Mogilev. Based on the trials’ recordings and protocols, it can be assumed that at least 2,500 Jews of the Mogilev region were poisoned in gas vans (gaswagens). Details of the crimes committed by the Nazis with the use of gas vans became known in the 1960s, when lawsuits were held in the Federative Republic of Germany against former members of Einsatzkommando 8: A. Garnishmacher, G. Richter, G. Haase, G. Schlechte, K. Strohammer. The paper sets the goal, using the example of trials against the members of Einsatzkommando 8, to determine what legal assessment West Germany justice gave to the Nazi atrocities associated with the extermination of Jews in gaswagens. On the one hand, the trials against former members of Einsatzkommando 8 testified to the desire of German justice to critically rethink Germany’s recent past, to ensure the principle of inevitability of criminal responsibility for Nazi criminals. On the other hand, the outcomes of the trials under consideration indicated that West German Themis, as well as the overwhelming majority of the citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany, refused to treat the former members of Einsatzkommando as criminals. In German society, the prevailing opinion was that the blame for the Holocaust and other crimes of National Socialism lay exclusively with A. Hitler and his entourage (G. Himmler, R. Heydrich, etc.). The rest of the Germans were only «hostages of the regime» who «due to special life circumstances» were forced to perform the criminal orders of the Fuehrer. In juridical practice, that approach took shape in the theory of complicity, based on which the German courts assigned minimal punishments to Nazi criminals, and often the courts completely exempted them from criminal liability.
Issues of Virtualization of Political Life and a Virtual State in Modern Legal Studies
Authors: Lipen S. V.
Published: February 2022

Virtualization of power, politics, administration, and the state is a popular terminology that characterizes changes in the socio-political environment in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Information and computer technologies and Internet technologies, digitalization of the society, of the state and law create a special reality, namely: a virtual space where «digital twins» are located and operate, and digital processes reflecting reality and parallel to it take place. New theories related to virtualization of political life can be contrasted with traditional approaches to the political and legal system. The paper examines and developes ideas that counter-balance, to a certain extent, the sovereign national statehood by virtue of either its actual absorption by international political or corporate structures or dissolution among other subjects of the political system (due to the increasing opportunities for civil society institutions to influence the political decision-making process). There is also the opposite danger of turning into an authoritarian state. In any case, modern constitutional values are being questioned. In legal studies, there is no rush to agree with such conclusions. The ideas of networkization and virtualization of relations of power are quite compatible with the classical political and legal doctrines of state sovereignty, democracy and human rights, the rule of law and separation of powers. In turn, these doctrines themselves must undergo certain transformation taking into account new challenges of the digital society.
The Institute of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shamrin М. Yu. , Migacheva E. V.
Published: February 2022

The paper examines the issues of the legal status of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the light of the science and practice of application of constitutional and administrative law. Special attention is paid to the legal status of the Commissioner for Human Rights and the list of his powers in the field of human rights protection. The authors suggest the ways of improving the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation with due regard to the experience of foreign states. It is concluded that 1) administrative capacity, as well as administrative legal capacity cannot be the same-order elements of a legal status along with rights, obligations and responsibilities, since administrative capacity and administrative legal capacity in the presence of a legal fact constitute only a condition for the transformation of the subject of law into the subject of a specific administrative legal relationship; 2) a status of an authorized person is a combination of the following elements: rights, duties, responsibility for decision-making and non-fulfillment of powers, guarantees of functioning in the field of protecting human rights and freedoms.
A Modern Model of Supervision over Non-Credit Financial Institutions
Authors: Chistyukhin V. V.
Published: February 2022

he paper is devoted to the study of fundamental principles of a modern model of supervision over non-credit financial institutions. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the supervision over the activities of non-credit financial institutions is currently a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, the main characteristics of which include risk-orientation, macroprudential orientation, the use of motivated (professional) judgment, proportional regulation, supervision over observance of the rights and legitimate interests of financial services’ consumers and a combination of various forms of control and supervision activities. Such a model of supervision over non-credit financial institutions, based on the best world practices, makes it possible to ensure effective management of risks arising in financial markets, completeness and timeliness of performance by non-credit financial institutions of their obligations, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of financial services’ consumers.
Legal Regulation of Transactions’ Authorization
Authors: Logvencheva A. O.
Published: February 2022

Federal Law No. 199-FZ of July 26, 2019 introduced numerous changes to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation in order to improve budget control. The presented study is devoted to one of legislative amendments, namely: reforming the legal regulation of the procedure authorizing transactions. At the beginning of the paper, the author examines the features inherent in transactions’ authorization under the previous edition of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, special attention is paid to comparing the types of authorization and establishing a correlation between the named category and types of budget control. Further, the paper analyzes the initial draft law and the final draft law determining the corresponding changes. As a result, it was established that at present the RF Budget Code does not contain any legal consolidation of the methods of preliminary control. In conclusion, two ways of solving this problem are proposed. Given that authorization has retained the distinctive features of control activities, the return of the norms defining authorization as a method of control to the RF BC is considered as a priority option.
Problematic Aspects in Reduction of Penalty by Russian Courts
Authors: Osipov M. Yu.
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of application of Art. 333 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by Russian courts. The subject of the research is the common features of legal regulation, allowing for a penalty reduction. Formal legal and comparative legal methods, as well as the method of modeling legal situations were used in the course of the research. The study revealed a number of problems related to the correct application of the provisions of this article. An analysis of cases considered by Russian courts shows that the courts often reduce the penalty arbitrarily, without a clear justification of the motives. In order to improve this situation, it is proposed to supplement the Civil Code of the Russian Federation with Chapter 22.1, expanding the grounds for suspending the performance of an obligation, and to change the wording of Art. 333 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, excluding the possibility of reducing the penalty in legal relations related to the implementation of shared housing construction, as well as in other legal relations with the participation of a citizen-consumer in the event of a breach by an organization or an individual entrepreneur, except for cases of suspension of the obligation.
Vancouver Scar Scale for Assessing the Long-term Cosmetic results of surgical treatment of children with deep neck burns
Authors: Gnipov Pavel A. , Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Brazol Marina A.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Deep neck burns always result in cicatricial changes in the skin. Scars in this area can lead not only to functional disorders but also affect the psychoemotional status of the patient and family. Current studies have reported on the results of the treatment of deep neck burns in both adults and children. However, among foreign and Russian publications available, no studies have assessed the cosmetic results of treatment using validated scales.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the long-term cosmetic results of surgical treatment of deep neck burns in children using the Vancouver Scar Scale.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-interventional case control study was conducted. The article analyzes the long-term cosmetic results of treatment of 64 children with deep neck burns. All patients were divided into the main group 1 35 (29%) children who received early surgical treatment] and control group 2 29 (45%) children after staged treatment]. The main group was further divided into subgroups 1a, 1b, and 1c. Subgroup 1a included 13 (20%) children who underwent tangential necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty, subgroup 1b included 12 (19%) children who underwent radical necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty, and subgroup 1c included 10 (16%) children who underwent necrectomy with delayed autodermoplasty. The Vancouver Scar Scale was used to assess the vascularization, pigmentation, elasticity, and size of the scar mass. For statistical analysis, the results of different options for early surgical treatment were compared with a staged method.
RESULTS: The best indicators for vascularization, elasticity, size of the formed cicatricial mass, and overall score were obtained in children who received surgical treatment of deep neck burns by early necrectomy (tangential or radical) with simultaneous autodermoplasty in comparison with staged surgical treatment. When analyzing the pigmentation indicator, the scores of patients who underwent all types of early surgical treatment were comparable with those in patients who received staged surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the analysis of the Vancouver Scar Scale, the best cosmetic results in children with deep neck burns can be achieved by performing tangential or radical necrectomy with simultaneous autodermoplasty.
Treatment of a 5-year-old child with damage to the esophagus: a case report
Authors: Belov Sergei A. , Cyleva Yuliya I. , Grigoryuk Alexander A.
Published: February 2022

Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal injuries remain the most difficult problems in pediatric urgent surgery with high mortality rates. Restoration of function in severe multiple-organ disorders associated with the development of mediastinitis and sepsis in children requires a multidisciplinary approach and the search for alternative treatment methods that help close the esophageal defect and prevent inflammation. These methods include a constant negative pressure system.
Severe polytrauma led to the development of local inflammation and mediastinitis. The formed esophageal fistula with clinical sepsis required multistage surgical treatment and support of several specialists. At the Regional Childrens Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Vladivostok, at the first stage of treatment, the mediastinum and soft tissues of the neck were drained, which made it possible to stop the spread of inflammation and stabilize the patients condition. The effectiveness of the second stage of surgical treatment using the VAС system was noted in the first 48 h, in the form of a significant reduction in local inflammation and elimination of skin maceration. The VAС system provided adequate drainage of the wound cavity and promoted wound cleansing and growth of granulation tissue. Dissociation of the fistula by applying a gastrostomy made it possible to create favorable conditions for the healing of the esophageal defect and ensure adequate enteral nutrition for the patient.
Damage to the esophagus with the development of mediastinitis and sepsis are critical conditions; therefore, treatment outcomes depend on early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment. A full-fledged surgical treatment in a specialized hospital helps eliminate complications of damage to effectively restore functions and lead to patient recovery.
Delayed surgical treatment of children with exstrophy without approximation of the pubic bones, the use of displaced flaps and immobilization of the patient
Authors: Nikolaev Vasily V. , Demin Nikita V. , Ladygina Elizaveta A.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Bladder exstrophy is one of the most difficult for the reconstruction of malformations.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of delayed bladder closure in exstrophy in comparison with procedures in newborns and to test the hypothesis that the reliability of bladder closure does not decrease without closing the fascial defect between the rectus abdominis muscles and that the postoperative period is more favorable.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Delayed closure of exstrophy without osteotomy, convergence of pubic bones, or flap movement was performed in 46 patients with classic bladder exstrophy. Among them, 34 were primary patients, and the remaining patients, who had a complete relapse of exstrophy as a result of suture divergence, had undergone unsuccessful surgery in other clinics 14 times (n = 12). In total, 25 were boys and 21 were girls who underwent surgery from 2006 to 2021.
RESULTS: Delayed bladder closure was successful in all 46 children (100%). No signs of acute pain were noted. Serious complications such as dehiscence of the sutures in the bladder and proximal urethra were not observed. Minor complications occurred in five patients, which resolved promptly.
DISCUSSION: In the treatment of exstrophy, successful primary bladder closure is critical to achieving future urinary continence. The elimination of the defect between the rectus abdominis muscles with the convergence of the pubic bones has significant drawbacks, including an increase in the operating time and trauma, need for blood transfusion, risk of orthopedic and neurological complications, and a more difficult postoperative period. The vast majority of the patients develop rediastasis. The authors proposed a more reliable method of delayed closure of exstrophy.
CONCLUSIONS: The presented method of bladder closure was 100% successful. The procedure was simplified technically, the surgery time was reduced, and the postoperative period proceeded more easily without prolonged pain syndrome, prolonged use of analgesics, and, in most cases, without blood transfusions.
To the 75th anniversary of Azamat M. Shamsiev
Authors: Gorbachev Oleg S.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes the professional activities and merits of the pediatric surgeon Azamat M. Shamsiev, in celebration of his anniversary.
To the 60th anniversary of Dmitry Yu. Vybornov
Authors: Lozovaya Yuliya I.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes the professional activities and merits of the pediatric surgeon Dmitry Yu. Vybornov, in celebration of his anniversary.
About those who are in memory
Authors: Geldt Vadim  G.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the period of the authors work in three leading teams of pediatric surgeons in Russia: 1) Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute under the leadership of the Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Professor G.A. Bairov. This part described the role of the student scientific circle in the upbringing and development of future pediatric surgeons and the merits and personal qualities of G.A. Bairov. 2) Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Central Order of Lenin of the Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, which played a leading role in the professional training and improvement of surgeons who were involved in the treatment of children. This part presents the main forms of work with cadets and requirements for the teaching staff. Much attention is paid to the merits of the Head of the Department Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences S.Ya. Doletsky and his role in the development of pediatric surgery. 3) Department of Urology and Neuro-urology of the Moscow Research Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery under the guidance of Prof. E.L. Vishnevsky, who made great contributions to pediatric urology and created a virtually new section of the specialty pediatric neuro-urology..
Commentary on the article by V.G. Geldt “About those who are in memory”
Authors: Petlakh Vladimir I.
Published: February 2022

The commentary to the article characterizes Vadim G. Geldt in the field of pediatric surgery, which the author modestly kept silent about in his article.м
Comparative analysis of one- and two-stage urethroplasty in the treatment of proximal hypospadias in children: flap or transplant?
Authors: Surov Roman V. , Kagantsov Ilya M. , Shmyrov Oleg S. , Sizonov Vladimir V. , Volkova Anastasiya A. , Zadykyan Robert S. , Kulaev Artur V. , Lazishvili Marina N. , Velskaya Juliana I.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of proximal forms of hypospadias in children is still a complex and largely unsolved problem. The large number of postoperative complications following reconstructive surgery for proximal forms of hypospadias supports scientific interest in this issue.
AIM: This study aimed to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of the effectiveness of two types of urethroplasty. We compared fundamentally different approaches to the formation of the artificial urethra, surgical techniques that use a different type of movement, and blood supply of the plastic materials a flap and a graft.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 113 primary patients with proximal hypospadias aged 8 months to 15 years who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2019 and were divided into two comparison groups. Group 1 included 53 (46.9%) boys; a single-stage urethroplasty was performed by the onlay-tube method, where a longitudinal skin flap of the dorsal surface of the penis was used as a plastic material. Group 2 included 60 (53.1%) patients; two-stage urethroplasty was performed by the Bracka method, where the plastic material for the formation of the artificial urethra was a preputial graft in 44 (73.3%) patients and a graft of the oral mucosa in 16 (26.7%) patients.
RESULTS: When comparing the surgical results in the form of the number of complications requiring repeated surgical interventions under anesthesia to eliminate them, corresponding to ClavienDindo 3B complications, a significant difference was obtained in the study groups. The surgical results were significantly better when performing the two-stage Bracka method.
CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical treatment of proximal forms of hypospadias in children, the two-stage Bracka method, where the plastic material for the formation of the artificial urethra is a preputial or mucosal graft, significantly reduced the number of postoperative complications.
Efficiency of 3D imaging in children with abdominal echinococcosis
Authors: Minaev Sergey V. , Gerasimenko Igor N. , Bykov Nikolay I. , Grigorova Alina N. , Timofeev Sergey  I. , Doronin Fedor V. , Rubanova Maria F. , Mischvelov Artem E.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy in the treatment of abdominal echinococcosis is accompanied by complications. Therefore, studies on optimizing surgical approaches that reduce intra- and postoperative complications in liver echinococcosis are extremely relevant.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the possibility of using three-dimensional (3D) technologies in children with abdominal echinococcosis to determine whether it can increase the efficiency of laparoscopic treatment and reduce complications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective analysis was conducted from 2013 to 2019 among 43 children with isolated liver echinococcosis who underwent multiport laparoscopic echinococcectomy. In the preoperative period, 25 patients from the main group used a complex of modern 3D technology: creating a 3D reconstruction of a liver with a parasitic cyst and then printing a 3D model of an organ with vessels and bile ducts.
RESULTS: The use of virtual computer visualization with the 3D reconstruction of the parasitic cyst and adjacent blood vessels with bile ducts made it possible to produce a 3D liver model. This approach provided the possibility of personalized laparoscopic access and precision in performing surgeries. Postoperatively, residual cavity (n = 1, 4.0%) was observed in the main group and biliary fistula and residual cavity (n = 2, 11.1%) in the comparison group
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the use of 3D technologies in children with abdominal echinococcosis can increase the efficiency of laparoscopic treatment and reduce the number of early and late complications.
Comparative assessment of acceptability of the prognostic scales in predicting the risk of interhospital evacuation of newborns
Authors: Mukhametshin Rustam F. , Davidova Nadezhda S.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The safety of interhospital transfer of newborns remains one of the most important issues of emergency neonatology. Assessment of risks associated with transfer is the basic concern of pre-transport preparation.
AIM: This study aimed to assess and compare the predictive value of the KSCHONN, National Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS), and TRIPS scales in predicting the risks associated with the interhospital transfer of newborns.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort study included data from 604 visits of the transport team. The KSHONN, NTISS, and TRIPS scales were used in the assessments, the therapeutic actions of the transport team during transfer were evaluated, and mortality during the first day after assessments was analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) was calculated for the KSCHONN, NTISS, and TRIPS scales in relation to the therapeutic actions of the transport team and first-day mortality.
RESULTS: The predictive values of the KSHONN and TRIPS scales for additional infusion reflected AUC ROC values of 0.877 (0.4361.317) and AUC ROC 0.889 (0.4681.311), respectively. The AUC ROC value for predicting catecholamine dose adjustment or appointment and correction of ventilation for all three scales was less than 0.8. The predictive value of all three scales in the prediction of death on the day after the assessment of the transport team is high, and the TRIPS scale had the highest AUC ROC [0.988 (0.9770.999)], which was significantly higher than that for the NTISS scale 0.875 (0.7900.959) (p = 0.004). The KSHONN scale demonstrated a better predictive value for daily mortality [0.984 (0.8611.003)] in comparison with NTISS (p = 0.001). The risk ratio of the daily mortality in the group of patients with an assessment of 94 points according to KSHONN in comparison with patients with an assessment of 68 points was 17.73 (0.88355.8).
CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated scales predict patient death within a day after the assessment of the transport team with good accuracy, and the KSHONN and TRIPS scales predict the need for additional infusion during transfer. However, none of the scales predict other actions of the team associated with the deterioration of the patients condition during transfer with the required accuracy.
Pathophysiology of miR-146a in lung cancer. Prospects of rising of efficiency of targeted therapy
Authors: Vashchenko Vladimir I. , Romashova Juliya E. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: February 2022

Lung cancer is a well-known malignant tumor of the respiratory tract, which has caused a significant level of damage to human health. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-coding RNA stem-loop structures with a length of roughly 2025 nucleotides that function as powerful modulators of mRNA and protein products of a gene. miRNAs may modulate many biological processes involving growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death and play a key role in the pathogenesis of various types of malignancies. Several accumulating pieces of evidence have proven that miRNA, especially miR-146a, are crucial modulators of innate immune response sequences. A novel and exciting cancer research field has involved miRNA for the detection and suppression of cancer. However, the actual mechanism which is adopted by these miRNA is still unclear. miRNAs have been used as a cancer-associated biomarker in several studies, suggesting their altered expression in various cancers compared to the normal cells. The amount of expression of miRNA can also be used to determine the stage of the disease, aiding in early detection. In breast, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis has been suppressed by miR-146a. Changes in miR-146a expression levels have biomarker importance and possess a high potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. It retards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the therapeutic action of anticancer agents in lung cancer. Studies have also suggested that miR-146a affects gene expression through different signaling pathways viz: TNF-, NF-B and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Further research is required for understanding the molecular mechanisms of miR-146a in lung cancer. The potential role of miR-146a as a diagnostic marker of lung cancer must also be analyzed. This review summarizes the tumor-suppressing, anti-inflammatory, and antichemoresistive nature of miR-146a in lung cancer.
Acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate as an expectorant for recanalization of the respiratory tract and blood oxygenation in respiratory obstruction (review)
Authors: Urakov Aleksandr L. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: February 2022

The immediate cause of death of patients in the final stage of a new coronavirus infection is hypoxia, which develops due to respiratory obstruction. In accordance with the standard of treatment of patients with the most severe atypical pneumonia with COVID-19, artificial lung ventilation and extrapulmonary blood oxygenation are used to preserve their lives. However, these methods do not eliminate airway obstruction, one of the causes of which is mucus hypersecretion. The review shows that a new vector for the search and development of medicines for the drug elimination of hypoxia in respiratory obstruction has been identified in Russia. The high prospects of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate with original physicochemical properties and local mechanisms of action providing urgent recanalization of the respiratory tract and oxygenation of blood in respiratory obstruction caused by blockage of the respiratory tract with thick sputum, mucus, pus and blood are shown. Domestic inventions are indicated, the essence of which is the basis of this scientific direction. Original formulations of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate are given, as well as new technologies for their local application, providing urgent dissolution of mucus, sputum, pus and blood with simultaneous immediate release of oxygen gas.
Effects of high doses of ouabain on cardiac, respiratory, and motor activity at newborn rats
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Kuznetsova Nalalia N.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: In the early postnatal period, the activation of cholinergic regulation was shown to reveal that lead to development of atypical cardiac rhythm in form of alteration of normal and weak bradycardic rhythm and periods of significant bradycardia.
AIM: To study the change in the rhythmic activity of cardiac, respiratory and somatomotor systems after Na+/K+-ATPase blockade by ouabain in rats of 3 and 16 days old
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 3- (P3) and 16-day-old (P16) rats the change in the rhythmic activity of cardiac, respiratory and somatomotor systems after Na+/K+-ATPase blockade by ouabain was studied.
RESULTS: It was found that injection of the drug at a dose of 3/4 DL50 leads to changes in heart rhythm variability and motor activity pattern, more pronounced on P16. In the motor activity pattern in 3-day-old rats, there is a tendency to a reduction in the rhythms of the near- and multiminute ranges, while in older rats, on the contrary, their enhancement. The coefficient of variation of motor excitation periods decreased by 12% in 3-day-olds and increased by 35% in 16-day-olds. The decrease in heart rate and respiration is comparable in P3 and P16 rats. Heart rhythm disturbances occur in 37% of 3-day-old and 25% of 16-day-old rats; the arrhythmia rate increases 1,7-2-fold more in animals on P16 than on P3.
CONCLUSIONS: The severity of pathological heart rhythm disturbances, including periods of normo/bradycardia, increases with age. Comparison of the character of arrhythmia arising after sodium-potassium pump blockade with pathological heart rhythm observed under conditions of excessive activation of cholinoreactive structures does not allow us to speak about the common mechanisms of their occurrence.
Comparative study of the effect of Thymus marschallianus Willd. extracts on the cognitive functions of mice in the radial maze
Authors: Sheremetyeva Anna S. , Karetnikova Alyona Yu. , Durnova Natalya A. , Derdyuk Anzhelika S. , Skiba Viktoriia I.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a problem of modern medicine that affects many areas of society. The search for drugs that can correct these disorders is quite relevant. Of particular interest are substances with minimal side effects, some of which are herbal products.
AIM: Study of the working and long-term spatial memory of mice in the eight-arm radial maze test under the influence of repeated administration of Thymus marschallianus Willd. extracts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 36 non-linear male mice, divided into 4 groups control and 3 experimental. For 7 days, the animals were injected daily intragastrically with caffeine at a dose of 40 mg/kg (1st group), alcoholic extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. at a dose of 100 mg/kg (2nd group), aqueous extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. at a dose of 100 mg/kg (3rd group). To assess cognitive function, a radial maze test was used to calculate memory scores.
RESULTS: According to the results of the study, it was found that animals receiving caffeine (40 mg/kg) showed a higher memory score compared to other study groups. The introduction of an aqueous extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. at a dose of 100 mg/kg (group 3) led to an increase in memory points by the 4th day of testing. In the second experimental group, there were no changes in memory points depending on the administration of an alcoholic extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. (100 mg/kg).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of caffeine (40 mg/kg) caused the activation of both short-term and long-term memory in mice. Administration of an aqueous extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. (100 mg/kg) affected working memory and did not induce the formation of long-term spatial memory in animals. An alcoholic extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. (100 mg/kg) showed minimal effect on the formation of working and long-term spatial memory in mice.
Complex conservative therapy of chronic abacterial prostatitis
Authors: Neymark Aleksandr I. , Neymark Boris A. , Borisenko Dmitriy V. , Maksimova Svetlana S.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Improving the results of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis is one of the important problems of modern urology.
AIM: To compare the effect of ozone therapy and hypercapnic therapy on the hemodynamics of the prostate and immune status in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 58 patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis, who were divided into three groups. Patients of the 1st group (n = 18) received standard therapy. Patients of the 2nd group additionally underwent a course of transrectal ozone therapy for 10 days. Patients of the 3rd group, in addition to the basic therapy, performed training on a breathing simulator to obtain the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia; the course of treatment consisted of 10 daily trainings. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed using the NIH-CPSI questionnaire. To assess the immune status of patients, we studied the content of IgA, IgG and IgM in the blood, the activity of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-6 in the blood serum and IL-8 in the urine. The state of blood flow in the prostate gland was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry, as well as TRUS performed in the color Doppler imaging mode. The control group included 22 healthy men.
RESULTS: In patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis hemodynamic and microcirculatory changes in the prostate gland were revealed, which were accompanied by characteristic clinical manifestations, urinary disorders, as well as impaired immune status in the form of an increase in the content of interleukins and tumor necrosis factor. The use of basic therapy (1st group) helps to reduce the clinical manifestations of chronic abacterial prostatitis, but its effect on the immune status, hemodynamics and microcirculation of the prostate gland is insufficiently expressed. Complex therapy, supplemented by training on a breathing simulator using the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia, has a positive effect on the course of the disease (3rd group). This type of therapy is able to improve the microcirculation of the prostate gland, increasing the index of microcirculation efficiency and average blood flow, reducing the shunting rates, but its effect on immunity is lower than in patients whose treatment included transrectal ozone therapy (2nd group). This type of treatment leads to a decrease in the activity of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-6 in the blood serum, and IL-8 in the urine, but at the same time does not have a sufficient effect on prostate hemodynamics and microcirculation.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CAP with pronounced disorders of the immune status, complex treatment is indicated, supplemented by transrectal ozone therapy, and in the presence of pronounced hemodynamic disorders of the prostate gland, complex therapy is indicated, supplemented by the use of the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia.
Physico-biochemical parameters of urine and blood and biominerology of urinary bladder stones in patients with bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Nazarov Tairhon H. , Nikolaev Vladimir A. , Rychkov Ivan V. , Trubnikova Kseniya E. , Izatulina Alina R. , Abulboqiev Umarjon V. , Madumarov Dilmurod N.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Bladder outlet obstruction is one of the main factors leading to the formation of stones in the urinary bladder. Understanding of the physico-biochemical processes in urine and blood, as well as the biomineralogy of urinary bladder stones, will make it possible to determine the pathogenetically justified treatment of such patients.
AIM: The aim of the study was to identify and study the relationship between the physico-biochemical parameters of urine and blood and the biomineralogical composition of urinary bladder stones in patients with bladder outlet obstruction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive examination of 76 patients at the age of 37 to 89 years with urinary bladder stones occurred against the background of bladder outlet obstruction was carried out. A comprehensive diagnosis, including an assessment of the physico-biochemical parameters of urine and blood, bacteriological urine tests, radiological diagnostics, as well as biomineralogical studies of concretions, was carried out.
RESULTS: The data obtained show that not all physicochemical parameters of blood and urine of the subjects are comparable with the data of patients with nephrolithiasis. In the vast majority of the studied kidney calculi were not detected, in addition, blood biochemical parameters, including the level of stone-forming substances were within the reference values. In urine tests an increase in some lithogenic substances is detected. Urinary stones in patients with bladder outlet obstruction had a mixed composition, more often phosphates and uric acid salts were detected (75 and 54% of cases, respectively). Considering the nature of metabolism and the increase in uric acid excretion with age, as well as the presence of residual urine in case of bladder outlet obstruction, it can be assumed that uric acid is the primary matrix in cystolithiasis. The data obtained indicate a connection between the infectious process in the bladder and the composition of urinary stones. Against this background, there is a more intensive process of cystolithogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS: The algorithm for the diagnosis of urinary bladder stones secondary to bladder outlet obstruction should include not only the collection of anamnesis and the performance of routine blood and urine tests, but also specific physical and biochemical studies, as well as assess the biomineralogy of urinary stones, which will make it possible to choose an adequate tactics for the pathogenetic treatment of patients and effective metaphylaxis of stone formation.