bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensile and Flexural Strength of Commercially Pure Titanium Submitted to Laser and Tungsten Inert Gas Welds
Authors: Atoui Juliana Abdallah , Felipucci Daniela Nair Borges , Pagnano Valeria Oliveira , Orsi Iara Augusta , Nobilo Mauro Antonio de Arruda , Bezzon Osvaldo Luiz
Published: February 2014

This study evaluated the tensile and flexural strength of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welds in specimens made of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) compared with laser welds. Sixty cylindrical specimens (2 mm diameter x 55 mm thick) were randomly assigned to 3 groups for each test (n=10): no welding (control), TIG welding (10 V, 36 A, 8 s) and Nd:YAG laser welding (380 V, 8 ms). The specimens were radiographed and subjected to tensile and flexural strength tests at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min using a load cell of 500 kgf applied on the welded interface or at the middle point of the non-welded specimens. Tensile strength data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, and flexural strength data by the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). Non-welded specimens presented significantly higher tensile strength (control=605.84±19.83) (p=0.015) and flexural strength (control=1908.75) (p=0.000) than TIG- and laser-welded ones. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the welding types for neither the tensile strength test (TIG=514.90±37.76; laser=515.85±62.07) nor the flexural strength test (TIG=1559.66; laser=1621.64). As far as tensile and flexural strengths are concerned, TIG was similar to laser and could be suitable to replace laser welding in implant-supported rehabilitations.
Adolescent hypertension identified with correct cuff and its cardiovascular and gestational problems after 29 years
Authors: Silva Sandra Regina Ramos , Arcuri Edna Apparecida Moura , Isabella Adriana Paula Jordão , Arcuri Silvia Maria , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: to identify, in 2011, rates of hypertension, cardiovascular and gestational problems in subjects presenting high blood pressure in 1982, when correct cuff size was used, according to the American Heart Association Arm Circumference/Cuff Width ratio of 0.40. METHODS: high blood pressure was defined in 2011 as systolic = 115 mmHg and diastolic = 80mmHg, resulting in 20 subjects between 39 and 43 years old. (Risk Group). They were compared to 20 subjects from the original sample with lower blood pressure values (Control group). RESULTS: the rates of hypertension, cardiovascular and gestational problems were significantly higher (Fisher: p=0.02) in the Risk Group, with one case of cardiovascular death. Our findings arouse speculations about whether, if a proper cuff had been used in clinical practice, the complications and death could have been avoided. CONCLUSIONS: data suggest compliance with the use of cuff width corresponding to 40% of arm circumference, despite polemics concerning cuff availability and difficulties of using many sizes.
Between spiritual wellbeing and spiritual distress: possible related factors in elderly patients with cancer
Authors: Caldeira Sílvia , Carvalho Emilia Campos de , Vieira Margarida
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: this article describes the assessment of the spiritual wellbeing of elderly patients with cancer submitted to chemotherapy and possible predictive factors of the spiritual distress diagnosis. METHODOLOGY: this is a methodological study for clinical validation of a nursing diagnosis, using interviews to assist in completing the form. RESULTS: 45 elderly patients participated in this study, Catholics, mostly female, diagnosed with breast cancer, average age of 70.3 years. The prevalence of spiritual distress was of 42%; 24.4% of the elderly patients were under anti-depressant medication. A significant association was noted between spiritual distress, anti-depressant medication and level of education; an increase (not significant) was acknowledged at the start of the treatment. CONCLUSION: these results emphasize the relevance of clarifying this diagnosis and the responsibility of nurses to provide spiritual care to patients. Interventions should be planned appropriately every time a nursing diagnosis is identified as a complex answer and for which pharmacological treatment is not sufficient.
Corrimentos vaginais em gestantes: comparacao da abordagem sindromica com exames da pratica clinica da enfermagem
Authors: Lima Thais Marques , Teles Liana Mara Rocha , Oliveira Amanda Souza de , Campos Fernanda Camara , Barbosa Rita de Cassia Carvalho , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra , Damasceno Ana Kelve de Castro
Published: February 2014

Estudo avaliativo de abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 104 gestantes, com o objetivo de comparar os achados de infecções vaginais em gestantes obtidos por meio do fluxograma de corrimento vaginal com exames presentes na prática clínica da Enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e exame ginecológico realizados de janeiro a julho de 2011. O fluxograma não se mostrou eficaz na identificação de candidíase e tricomoníase, apresentou baixa sensibilidade (0,0%; 50%) e valor preditivo positivo (0,0%; 3,6%) para as duas infecções e baixa especificidade para tricomoníase (46%). Mostrou-se satisfatório para vaginose bacteriana, com alta sensibilidade (100%), valor preditivo negativo (100%) e acurácia (74%). Conclui-se que o emprego do fluxograma precisa ser reavaliado, visto que não foi eficaz em identificar infecções importantes em gestantes. Os esforços para o desenvolvimento de testes eficazes devem ser contínuos, com intuito de prevenir a disseminação de infecções e reduzir tratamentos desnecessários.
Ansiedade e depressao entre homens e mulheres submetidos a intervencao coronaria percutanea
Authors: Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Costa Eliana de Cassia Arantes , Coelho Mariana , Richter Vitor Cesar , Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marosti , Schmidt Andre , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Rossi Lidia Aparecida
Published: February 2014

Estudo descritivo, transversal, correlacional, que objetivou verificar a associação entre a presença de ansiedade e depressão após a alta hospitalar em pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP), segundo o sexo. Foram avaliados 59 pacientes submetidos à ICP e em acompanhamento ambulatorial nos primeiros sete meses após a alta hospitalar. Para avaliação de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão foi utilizada a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Para testar as possíveis associações entre as variáveis ansiedade, depressão e sexo foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados indicaram maior número de mulheres com depressão, sendo que a associação entre as variáveis sexo e depressão mostrou-se estatisticamente significativa. Em relação à ansiedade, os casos foram mais frequentes no sexo masculino e a associação entre as variáveis sexo e ansiedade não foi estatisticamente significativa.
Perfil dos idosos que cochilam
Authors: Santos Ariene Angelini dos , Oliveira Simone Camargo de , Freitas Denise Cuoghi de Carvalho Verissimo , Ceolim Maria Filomena , Pavarini Sofia Cristina Iost , Rocha Maria Cecilia Pires da
Published: February 2014

Esse estudo objetivou caracterizar os idosos que cochilam segundo as características sociodemográficas e de fragilidade. Estudo descritivo, transversal, recorte do projeto multicêntrico Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros. Foram avaliados 1.866 idosos utilizando-se questionário sociodemográfico. A fragilidade foi avaliada usando o fenótipo proposto por Fried. Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontaram que o perfil do idoso que cochila foi constituído predominantemente por mulheres, casadas, aposentadas, pré-frágeis, com média de idade de 73 anos, quatro anos de estudo, renda familiar mensal de 3,9 salários mínimos, com 4,4 filhos e que residiam apenas com eles. Os idosos relataram cochilar em média 5,9 dias por semana, com duração de 53,5 minutos por cochilo. Conhecer o perfil do idoso que cochila contribui para os profissionais de saúde desenvolverem ações em relação aos problemas de sono dos idosos frágeis/pré-frágeis, prevenindo, minimizando ou resolvendo esses problemas.
Laser phototherapy as a treatment for radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis
Authors: Lino Maíra Dória Martinez da Costa , Carvalho Fabíola Bastos de , Oliveira Lara Ramalho de , Magalhães Edval Barreto , Pinheiro Antônio Luiz Barbosa , Ramalho Luciana Maria Pedreira
Published: February 2014

Oral mucositis is a harmful side effect of radiotherapy (RT) on the head and neck region. There are encouraging reports on the beneficial aspects of the use of laser light on the treatment of oral mucositis. This paper reports the efficacy of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the treatment of oral mucositis in a patient undergoing RT after surgical removal of a squamous cell carcinoma with osseous invasion of the maxilla. Palatal and commissural lesions were treated with λ660 nm, 40 mW, ∅=4 mm², in contact mode, 5 x 2.4 J/cm² per point, 14.4 J/cm² per session. For treating the lesion on the patient's nasal mucosa, LPT (∅=4 mm², λ780 nm, 70 mW, 3 x 2.1 J/cm² per point, 6.3 J/cm² per session, contact mode) was used on the external area of the nose. A single dose (2.4 J/cm²) with the λ660 nm laser, as described before, was applied on the entrance of each nostril. LPT was used 3 times/week during 4 weeks. Treatment results indicate that the use of LPT on oral mucositis was effective and allowed the patient to carry on the RT without interruption. However, long-term and controlled clinical trials are necessary to establish both preventive and curative protocols using LPT.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Delays Palatal Shelf Elevation and Suppresses Wnt5a and Lymphoid Enhancing-Binding Factor 1 Signaling in Developing Palate
Authors: Hu Xiao , Gao Jian Hua , Liao Yun Jun , Tang Shi Jie , Lu Feng
Published: February 2014

Objective

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin contributes to cleft palate, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the deleterious effect on the developing palate are unclear. Because Wnt signaling is associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in organ development, we wondered whether the malformation of the palate also results from altered Wnt signaling.

Results

The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin administration affected cell proliferation of the anteroposterior axis of the palatal shelf and delayed shelf elevation in mice. The activity of Wnt5a and lymphoid enhancing-binding factor 1 was inhibited by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing palate.

Conclusions

Downregulated Wnt5a and lymphoid enhancing-binding factor 1 are associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–induced cleft palate. Moreover, delayed shelf elevation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is the crucial mechanism contributing to the high incidence of cleft palate. Our findings may help in elucidating the mechanisms of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–induced cleft palate.
Reexamining the Association Between Smoking and Periodontitis in the Dunedin Study With an Enhanced Analytical Approach
Authors: Zeng Jiaxu , Williams Sheila M. , Fletcher David J. , Cameron Claire M. , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Shearer Dara M. , Thomson W. Murray
Published: February 2014

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal disease. Conventional oral epidemiology approaches have found strong, consistent associations between chronic smoking and periodontal attachment loss (AL) through ages 26, 32, and 38 years, but those statistical methods disregarded the data's hierarchical structure. This study reexamines the association using hierarchical modeling to: 1) overcome the limitations of an earlier approach (trajectory analysis) to the data and 2) determine the robustness of the earlier inferences.

Methods: Periodontal examinations were conducted at ages 26, 32, and 38 years in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. The number of participants examined at those three ages were 913, 918, and 913, respectively. A generalized linear mixed model with a quasi‐binomial approach was used to examine associations between chronic smoking and periodontal AL.

Results: At ages 26, 32, and 38, smokers had 3.5%, 12.8%, and 23.2% greater AL than non‐smokers. Regular cannabis use was associated with greater AL after age 32, but not at age 26. Males had more AL than females. Participants with high plaque scores had consistently greater AL; those who were of persistently low socioeconomic status had higher AL at ages 32 and 38, but not at age 26. The amount of AL in anterior teeth was less than in premolars and molars. Gingival bleeding was associated with higher AL at ages 26, 32, and 38.

Conclusion: The smoking–periodontitis association is observable with hierarchical modeling, providing strong evidence that chronic smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis.
Technical Tips for Endovascular Aortic Repair Using the Gore Excluder Abdominal Stent-Graft: Endo-Wedge Technique and Scrum Technique
Authors: Banno Tatsuo , Kato Ryoichi , Hanaoka Ryota , Akamatsu Hokuto , Kaneko Kan , Toyama Hiroshi
Published: February 2014

When performing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedures, clinicians sometimes encounter cases in
which the indications for EVAR are beyond the instruction for use (IFU). In EVAR, proximal neck fixation is the most
important factor. This report describes several techniques and tips for EVAR in cases presenting with a difficult short
neck or angled neck, especially when using the Gore Excluder®. Endo-wedge techniques (EWT), including non-sheath-assisted
EWT with sheath-assisted strategies, are presented. We describe the scrum technique, which is a special
procedure that is only feasible when using the Gore Excluder®. In this technique, intentional wire bending around the
proximal neck portion occurs by pushing from both sides of the guidewire. This technique is applicable in cases with a
sharply angled neck. The scrum with EWT is a more precise strategy for cases with a short or angled neck. Other
troublesome cases include limb occlusion caused by weak points in the Gore Excluder® body and legs. The very rare
complication of stent-graft collapse is also reviewed.
On Serbian Slavic studies from the early 20th century from the perspective of the first volume of Juznoslovenski filolog
Authors: Dragicevic Rajna
Published: February 2014

This paper analyzes the articles published in the first volume of
Juznoslovenski Filolog which gives the clear picture of Serbian Slavic
studies from the early 20th century. The articles mostly delt with the
research of the oldest Slavic written documents, Slavic dialects which
preserve the characteristics of the mutual Slavic proto-language, and they
also delt with the comparative analyses of the Slavic langu ages in order to
be able to recreate proto-Slavic language. The main method of research was
comparative historical one. It is noticable that some of the articles were
more topical than others, that reviewers were very critical, and that it is
possible to get a picture of everyday life in Serbia from early 20th century
from those articles.
Obsceslavjanskij lingvisticeskij atlas i ucastie serbskih dialektologov - entuziazm ne men'se znanija
Authors: Miloradovic Sofija
Published: February 2014

V nastojascej rabote daetsja obzor mnogodesjatiletnej raboty serbskih
dialektologov nad Obsceslavjanskim lingvisticeskim atlasom (OLA) -
nesomnenno, do sih por, samym krupnym i samym vseob''emljuscim
lingvisticeskim naucnym nacinaniem v slavjanskom mire. Rabota v otecestvennom
sektore mezdunarodnyh lingvogeograficeskih proektov razvertyvalas', a
razvetyvaetsja i v nastojascee vremja, v ramkah Mezaka demiceskogo komiteta
po dialektologiceskim atlasam pri Serbskoj akademii nauk i iskusstv. V nacale
zdes' predlagaemoj raboty predstavlen sam proekt Obsceslavjanskogo
lingvisticeskogo atlasa - kratkaja istorija, set' punktov, struktura
voprosnika, dve serii tomov. Zatem predstavlena set' punktov na teritorii
Respubliki Serbii, s ucetom punktov v Vengrii i Rumynii, v kotoryh
ispol'zuetsja serbskij jazyk, a takze punktov, raspolozennyh na territorii
Cernogorii, o kotoryh imejutsja dannye v arhive Komiteta, tak kak Cernogorija
vse esce ne napravila svoih predstavitelej v Mezdunarodnuju komissiju OLA. V
kazdom imejuscemsja tome materialov otmecano ucastie serbskih dialektologov -
rec' idet o vos'mi foneticeskih i semi leksiceskih tomah OLA. Udeljaetsja
takze vnimanie bol'sinstvu vaznyh momentov iz raboty OLA, nacinaja s pervogo
rabocego zasedanija jugoslavskih dialektologov, provedennogo v Zagrebe v 1959
godu i koncaja poslednim zasedaniem Mezdunarodnoj komissii OLA, provedennym v
2012 godu v Slapanicah, nedaleko ot g. Brno. V zakljucitel'noj casti
nastojascej raboty izlagajutsja objazannosti, stojascie v nastojascee vremja
pered Serbskoj nacional'noj komissiej pri OLA, a takze problemy, na kotorye
otecestvennaja komissija mozet natknut'sja pri vypolnenii ocerednyh zadac.
Vibrational properties characterization of mouse embryo during microinjection
Authors: Hedrih Andjelka , Ugrcic Marinko
Published: February 2014

To determine the vibration characteristics (natural frequencies and mode
shapes) of a mouse embryo during microinjection the modal analysis is used.
The spherical mouse embryo 60 ?m in diameter is modeled as elastic finite
elements biostructure consisting of 6?m thick micromembrane and 38 ?m in
diameter nucleus. Embryo modeling and modal analysis were based on the use of
the finite elements method in the modal analysis system of ANSYS software.
The modal analysis was carried out for first six modes of embryo natural
frequencies. The numerical analysis of dependence of embryo own frequencies
on the boundary conditions and external loads are presented. The relevant
illustrations of the typical variations of the shape, deformation and
particle velocities of vibrating embryo are given.
Improved computation method in residual life estimation of structural components
Authors: Maksimovic Stevan , Maksimovic Katarina
Published: February 2014

This work considers the numerical computation methods and procedures for the
fatigue crack growth predicting of cracked notched structural components.
Computation method is based on fatigue life prediction using the strain
energy density approach. Based on the strain energy density (SED) theory, a
fatigue crack growth model is developed to predict the lifetime of fatigue
crack growth for single or mixed mode cracks. The model is based on an
equation expressed in terms of low cycle fatigue parameters. Attention is
focused on crack growth analysis of structural components under variable
amplitude loads. Crack growth is largely influenced by the effect of the
plastic zone at the front of the crack. To obtain efficient computation model
plasticity-induced crack closure phenomenon is considered during fatigue
crack growth. The use of the strain energy density method is efficient for
fatigue crack growth prediction under cyclic loading in damaged structural
components. Strain energy density method is easy for engineering applications
since it does not require any additional determination of fatigue parameters
(those would need to be separately determined for fatigue crack propagation
phase), and low cyclic fatigue parameters are used instead. Accurate
determination of fatigue crack closure has been a complex task for years. The
influence of this phenomenon can be considered by means of experimental and
numerical methods. Both of these models are considered. Finite element
analysis (FEA) has been shown to be a powerful and useful tool1,6 to analyze
crack growth and crack closure effects. Computation results are compared with
available experimental results.
Transient free convective MHD flow past an infinite vertical cylinder
Authors: Deka Rudra , Paul Ashish
Published: February 2014

This paper presents an analytical solution of unsteady one-dimensional
natural convective flow of a viscous incompressible and electrically
conducting fluid past an infinite vertical cylinder with constant
temperature and magnetic field, applied normal to the direction of flow.
Exact solutions of dimensionless unsteady linear governing equations are
obtained by using Laplace transform technique. Numerical computations for
the transient velocity, temperature, skin-friction, Nusselt number are
computed and presented in graphs for various set of physical parametric
values viz; Grashof number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter and time.
Entropy analysis for third-grade fluid flow with temperature-dependent viscosity in annulus partially filled with porous medium
Authors: Chauhan Dileep , Kumar Vikas
Published: February 2014

In the present paper, a non-Newtonian third-grade fluid flow is considered in
an annulus partially filled by a porous medium of very small permeability.
An analytical solution by the perturbation series method is obtained for
velocity and temperature fields, assuming Reynolds?s model to account for
the variation of fluid viscosity with temperature. The effects of various
pertinent parameters on the flow field, temperature field and entropy
generation number are obtained and discussed graphically.
Detection of phosphatase activity in aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacterial strains
Authors: Babic Olivera , Simeunovic Jelica , Skrbic Natasa , Kovac Dajana , Svircev Zorica
Published: February 2014

Cyanobacteria, as highly adaptable microorganisms, are characterized by an
ability to survive in different environmental conditions, in which a
significant role belongs to their enzymes. Phosphatases are enzymes produced
by algae in relatively large quantities in response to a low orthophosphate
concentration and their activity is significantly correlated with their
primary production. The activity of these enzymes was investigated in 11
cyanobacterial strains in order to determine enzyme synthesis depending on
taxonomic and ecological group of cyanobacteria. The study was conducted with
4 terrestrial cyanobacterial strains, which belong to Nostoc and Anabaena
genera, and 7 filamentous water cyanobacteria of Nostoc, Oscillatoria,
Phormidium and Microcystis genera. The obtained results showed that the
activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases strongly depended on
cyanobacterial strain and the environment from which the strain originated.
Higher activity of alkaline phosphatases, ranging from 3.64 to 85.14
?molpNP/s/dm3, was recorded in terrestrial strains compared to the studied
water strains (1.11-5.96 ?molpNP/s/dm3). The activity of acid phosphatases
was higher in most tested water strains (1.67-6.28 ?molpNP/s/dm3) compared to
the activity of alkaline phosphatases (1.11-5.96 ?molpNP/s/dm3). Comparing
enzyme activity of nitrogen fixing and non-nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, it
was found that most nitrogen fixing strains had a higher activity of alkaline
phosphatases. The data obtained in this work indicate that activity of
phosphatases is a strain specific property. The results further suggest that
synthesis and activity of phosphatases depended on eco-physiological
characteristics of the examined cyanobacterial strains. This can be of great
importance for the further study of enzymes and mechanisms of their activity
as a part of cyanobacterial survival strategy in environments with extreme
conditions.
Leaf structural adaptations of two Limonium miller (Plumbaginales, Plumbaginaceae) taxa
Authors: Zoric Lana , Anackov Goran , Karanovic Dunja , Lukovic Jadranka
Published: February 2014

Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) O. Kuntze 1891 subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) So? is
Pannonian endemic subspecies that inhabits continental halobiomes, while
Limonium anfractum (Salmon) Salmon 1924 is one of the indicators of halophyte
vegetation of marine rocks and its distribution is restricted to the southern
parts of Mediterranean Sea coast. In this work, micromorphological and
anatomical characters of leaves of these two Limonium taxa were analyzed, in
order to examine their adaptations to specific environmental conditions on
saline habitats. The results showed that both taxa exhibited strong
xeromorphic adaptations that reflected in flat cell walls of epidermal cells,
thick cuticle, high palisade/spongy tissue ratio, high index of palisade
cells, the presence of sclereid idioblasts in leaf mesophyll and mechanical
tissue by phloem and xylem. Both taxa are crynohalophytes and have salt
glands on adaxial and abaxial epidermis for excretion of surplus salt.
Relatively high dimensions of mesophyll cells, absence of non-glandular hairs
and unprotected stomata slightly increased above the level of epidermal
cells, are also adaptations to increased salinity.
Prediction of current species distribution of Cheilosia proxima group (Diptera: Syrphidae) on the Balkan peninsula
Authors: Milic Dubravka , Radenkovic Snezana , Stepanov Jelena , Milicic Marija , Vujic Ante
Published: February 2014

Predicting species distribution in different climates is most often made by
climate models (?climate envelope models? - CEM) which are using the current
geographical distribution of species and climate characteristics of the area.
Hoverflies (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) can act as bioindicators and
monitors of climate change and habitat quality. Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 is one
of the largest hoverflies genera, with about 450 described species. The aim
of this study was to model the current potential distribution of six species
from Cheilosia proxima group on the Balkan Peninsula (Cheilosia aerea Dufour,
1848, C. balkana Vujic, 1994, C. gigantea Zetterstedt, 1838, C. pascuorum
Becker, 1894, C. proxima Zetterstedt, 1843 and C. rufimana Becker, 1894)
using maximum entropy modeling (Maxent). It is observed that parameters with
highest influence on the analyzed species are Altitude and BIO 15
(Precipitation Seasonality) for all species, except C. rufimana. Parameter
that also substantially influenced for all species, except C. pascuorum, is
BIO 18 (Precipitation of Warmest Quarter). The models of current distribution
have shown that the most important area of the Balkan Peninsula, for species
from Cheilosia proxima group, is Dinaric mountains. Information obtained in
this paper can help in future monitoring of species, as well as for the
conservation measures, especially for endemics and rare species.
Construction and techniques of writing a scientific paper in natural and engineering sciences
Authors: Caric Marijana , Caric Olga , Smiesko Olivera
Published: February 2014

In science and scientific research there is a wide spectre of fields and
subfields which are not always strictly confined. Different classifications
of sciences are also known. Numerous books have been published regarding
scientific research, types of scientific papers and manners in which their
results are published. This literature is very detailed and precise within
international academic circles, especially the literature that relates to
publishing scientific books and doctoral theses. However, there are certain
dilemmas and in?consistencies which can confuse a young scientist when
writing an original research article. After a brief review of issues
pertinent to scientific paper writing, methodology of scientific research and
type of papers, this paper shows characteristics and construction of an
original research article. It shows a technique of writing a paper in all
scientific fields and subfields with special emphasis on natural and
engineering sciences and in accordance with international and domestic
standards. Wider practical guidelines can be found in the cited literature,
so they can be additionally used, if needed.
Antiviral efficacy of nine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against feline immunodeficiency virus in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Schwartz Anita M. , McCrackin Mary Ann , Schinazi Raymond F. , Hill Peter B. , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. , Tompkins Mary B. , Hartmann Katrin
Published: February 2014

Objective—To compare cytotoxic effects and antiviral efficacy of 9 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) against FIV in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Sample—Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 3 specific pathogen–free cats.

Procedures—3 of the 9 NRTIs had not been previously assessed in feline cell lines. Cytotoxic effects were determined by colorimetric quantification of a formazan product resulting from bioreduction of a tetrazolium reagent by viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells; uninfected cells from 1 cat were used in these assays. Cells from all 3 cats were infected with a pathogenic clone of FIV, and in vitro antiviral efficacy of each NRTI was assessed with an FIV p24 antigen capture ELISA.

Results—Cytotoxic effects in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed only at concentrations > 10 μM for all 9 NRTIs. Comparison of the cytotoxic effect at the highest concentration investigated (500μM) revealed that didanosine and amdoxovir were significantly less toxic than abacavir. All drugs induced a dose-dependent reduction of FIV replication. At the highest concentration investigated (10μM), there was no significant difference in antiviral efficacy among the test compounds.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The evaluated NRTIs had low cytotoxicity against feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells and appeared to be safe options for further in vivo evaluation for the treatment of FIV-infected cats. There was no evidence suggesting that the newly evaluated compounds would be superior to the existing NRTIs for reducing FIV burden of infected cats.
Salt stress tolerance in cowpea is poorly related to the ability to cope with oxidative stress
Authors: Praxedes Sidney C. , Damatta Fábio M. , De Lacerda Claudivan F. , Prisco José T. , Gomes-Filho Enéas
Published: February 2014

We have previously demonstrated that salt tolerance in cowpea could be associated with lesser impairments of the photosynthetic capacity. Taking into account that photosynthesis is the main sink for reducing power consumption, our central working hypothesis is that a salt-sensitive cultivar is more prone to suffer from oxidative stress. We analyzed the long-term effects of salt stress on oxidative damage and protection against reactive oxygen species in both leaves and roots of a salt-tolerant (Pitiúba) and a salt-sensitive (TVu) cowpea cultivar. Two salt treatments (0 and 75 mM NaCl) were applied to 10-day-old plants grown in nutrient solution for 24 days. Significant salt-induced oxidative damage as demonstrated via increases in malondialdehyde concentration were noted, particularly in leaves at the end of the experiment, although such damage was found earlier in Pitiúba. In salt-stressed plants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased only in Pitiúba at 24 days from the start of salt additions (DSSA). In Pitiúba, catalase (CAT) was not significantly affected by the treatments, whereas in TVu its activity was dramatically lower in salt-stressed plants at 10DSSAonwards. In general salt stress led to significant increases, much more pronounced in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), at the end of the experiment in both cultivars. In roots, salt-induced increases in enzyme activities were particularly noted at 24 DSSA, as found for SOD and APX in Pitiúba, CAT in TVu and GR and GPX in both cultivars. Therefore, in contrast to our expectations, the present results argue, to a great extent, against a functional link between salt stress tolerance and the expression of the antioxidant system. We also demonstrated that leaves and roots should be evaluated for a full assessment of whole plant acclimation to salt stress.
Pollen studies in the genus viola (violaceae) from Iran
Authors: Mehrvarz Shahryar Saeidi , Yousefi Narjes , Mohammadi Maryam , Marcussen Thomas
Published: February 2014

Pollen morphology of 17 species of Viola representing five sections, Melanium, Plagiostigma, 'Spathulidium' ined., Sclerosium, and Viola, was studied using light and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains were usually symmetrical, tetrazonocolporate to pentazonocolporate in section Melanium and trizonocolporate to tetrazonocolporate in the other four sections. Pollen shape was circular to subtriangular, tetragonal or pentagonal in polar view and prolate to oblate, spheroidal or pyramidal in equatorial view. Exine ornamentation was granulate, psilate and mostly perforate. The psilate type was only observed in V. modesta.We found heteromorphy in aperture number in V. caspia of section Viola, V. occulta of section Melanium and V. behboudiana of section Sclerosium, which corroborates their higher ploidy than in related species (octoploid versus tetraploid).
Surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensors for aromatase based on a potent inhibitor and a specific antibody: Sensor development and application for biological material
Authors: Gorodkiewicz Ewa , Sankiewicz Anna , Laudański Piotr
Published: February 2014

Aromatase (ARO) is an enzyme with potential diagnostic significance. Aberrant expression of aromatase in tissues is associated with a number of pathological conditions, including tumor of the breast, ovary, testes, liver, adrenal cortex and uterus, as well as endometriosis.

Two methods for the highly selective determination of ARO concentration in human tissues by using of two different biosensors co-operating with the surface plasmon resonance imaging technique (SPRI) have been developed. One of the developed biosensors contains immobilised rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for aromatase (Y-ARO), while the other contains immobilized ARO inhibitor-exemestane (E-ARO). Both biosensors specifically bound ARO from analyzed samples. The analytically useful dynamic response range of both biosensors is between 0.3 and 5.0 ng mL−1. The detection limit (3S.D.) of both biosensors is 90 pg mL−1. Standard deviation of both biosensors is 1%. Recoveries of ARO spikes are between 97 and 108% for both biosensors under model conditions and for real samples. Albumin and alkaline phosphatase are tolerated for both biosensors up to 10,000 fold excess.
Micromorphological traits and essential oil of Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Kremer Dario , Dunkić Valerija , Stešević Danijela , Kosalec Ivan , Ballian Dalibor , Bogunić Faruk , Bezić Nada , Stabentheiner Edith
Published: February 2014

Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (syn. M. parviflora (Vis.) Rchb.) is an endemic Illyric-Balkan plant species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. We investigated types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, and chemical composition of essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS) in M. longipedunculata. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, two or three stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, the calyx, corolla, and the stem. The pollen grains had six apertures which were set in the equatorial pollen belt and showed medium reticulate ornamentation. A phytochemical analysis of essential oils from four different localities is characterized by similar chemical composition with spathulenol (23.7–39.5%), piperitone oxide (7.7–12.1%) and piperitone (7.3–8.9%) as the major compounds.
Solvent-free synthesis of β-enamino ketones and esters catalysed by recyclable iron(III) triflate
Authors: Feng Cheng-Liang , Chu Ning-Ning , Zhang Shu-Guang , Cai Jin , Chen Jun-Qing , Hu Hua-You , Ji Min
Published: February 2014

A novel application of highly stable Fe(OTf)3 as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of a variety of β-enamino ketones and esters under solvent-free conditions is described. Notably, this protocol of a “green synthesis”, which produced β-enamino ketones and esters by the reaction of a variety of β-dicarbonyl compounds and primary amines, exhibits attractive properties including high yields, short reaction periods, lower loading of catalyst and chemo- and regio-selectivity. In addition, the catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction system and readily reused with minimal loss of activity.
Presidential Address Vol.1(1)
Authors: Upadhyaya Kapil Dev
Published: February 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v1i1.9918 Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 1-4
Ethics in mental Health in resource poor setting: experiences from Nepal
Authors: Upadhyaya KD , Joshi D
Published: February 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v1i1.9919 Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal Vol.1(1) 2011: 5-10
Aboriginal People and Confidence in the Police
Authors: Cao Liqun
Published: February 2014

No nationally representative study has been conducted about differential confidence in the police between Aboriginal people and non-Aboriginal persons in Canada. Based on the 2009 General Social Survey of Canada, this article examines the influence of Aboriginal status on confidence in the police. Consistent with the theoretical prediction, results of multiple regression analyses show that Aboriginal people and visible minorities have a significantly lower level of confidence than other Canadians do, after the effects of both expressive and instrumental concerns are controlled for. The persistent effects of Aboriginal or visible minorities status raise questions about racial relationships in Canada. Other significant predictors of confidence in the police are expressive concerns, such as trust, and instrumental concerns, such as community context, crime experiences, perceptions of crime in one’s own neighbourhood, and police contact. Findings indicate that continued reform measures are needed for the police force to gain the confidence of Aboriginal people and visible minorities in Canada.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Bovine at Greater Mymensingh District of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Ariful , Akter Laboni , Khatun Mst Minara , Islam Md Ariful
Published: February 2014

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and animals caused by Gram negative bacteria of the genus Brucella. The study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle and buffalo in greater Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from cattle (n=150) and buffalo (n=60). Sera were tested for Brucella specific antibody by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). Overall prevalence of brucellosis was 15.33% in cattle and 13.33% in buffalo. Higher prevalence was recorded in cattle and buffalo of over 4 years age (18% and 15.68%, respectively). Female animals showed higher brucellosis prevalence (cattle 19.54%, buffalo 13.46%) than male ( cattle 8.21%, buffalo 12.5%). Pregnant cows showed higher prevalence of brucellosis (13.33%) as compare to non pregnant cows (10%). The prevalence of brucellosis was 10% in aborted cows, 4% in the case of retained placenta and 2.85% in repeat breeder cows. The study suggests that brucellosis is prevalent in the cattle and buffalo and its prevalence is affected by the animals age, sex, pregnancy status and reproductive disorders. Microbes and Health, June 2013, 2(1): 12-14DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17256
The General Illumination which Bathes all the Colours: Class Composition and Cognitive Capitalism for Dummies
Authors: Roggero Gigi
Published: February 2014

For many years, the concept of cognitive capitalism has been an important subject for elaboration, discussions, and polemics. In this essay, we will not summarize the various theoretical details of the debate; instead, we will try to clarify the political nature of the concept and examine what is at stake from a theoretical point of view. Then, we will give some provisional and explorative answers to some of the central questions on cognitive capitalism: What does it mean? In what sense is it useful as a tool for the struggles? What kinds of class composition and antagonist subjectivity are embodied in this concept?

First, we will explain why cognitive labour does not identify a particular sector of the class composition. We will use the term ’cognitivization’ (becoming cognitive of labour) to elaborate on the process of redetermination of the whole class composition.

Secondly, we will summarize a genealogy of cognitive capitalism and its peculiarities. Based on our readings, it is not a stage of development, but the site of a new battlefield in the ongoing class struggle.

Thirdly, we will point out the tension underlying cognitive capitalism, i.e., the tension between cooperation and capture, autonomy and subordination.

Finally, we will point out the problem of re-thinking a central category from operaismo: the class composition.

Following this pathway, we can underline the main theoretical and political question: What are the points of rupture in cognitive capitalism?
The Alternative to Post-Hegemony: Reproduction and Austerity’s Social Factory
Authors: Jarrett Kylie
Published: February 2014

In the transitions to advanced liberal States and post-Fordist economic paradigms, it is argued that the distinction between work and sociality has become blurred. This marks the emergence of the “social factory” where sociality is industrialised and industrialisation has become increasingly centred on immaterial, social activity. It is further argued that this regime has generated a new articulation of socio-economic relations based on biopower and systems of control alongside the irruptive agency of multitude. Consequently, it is often suggested that the concept of hegemony can no longer adequately explain manifestations of power and resistance. The argument is that we live today in a state of post-hegemony. This paper challenges the theoretical and pragmatic underpinnings of this position at a number of levels, arguing that the lived politics associated with the imposition of Austerity economics across Europe, but particularly as manifest in Ireland, undermine the assertion that hegemony is no longer a relevant conceptualisation of power dynamics. In particular it uses feminist thinking to challenge the epochalisation inherent to arguments of post-hegemony, arguing instead for a return to engagement with the reproductive logic of hegemonic discipline.
Introducing Capitalism: Current Crisis and Cultural Critique
Authors: Fornäs Johan
Published: February 2014

No abstract available.
Underwater Superoleophobicity Induced by the Thickness of the Thermally Grown Porous Oxide Layer on C84400 Copper Alloy
Authors: Nyong Aniedi , Rohatgi Pradeep
Published: February 2014

The underwater contact angle behavior on oxide layers of varying thicknesses was studied. These oxide layers were grown by thermally oxidizing C84400 copper alloys in N2-0.75 wt.% O2 and N2-5 wt.% O2 gas mixtures at 650 °C. Characterization of the oxidized specimens was effected using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contact angle goniometer. The results from the X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the formation of CuO, ZnO and PbO. The average sizes of the oxide granules were in the range of 70 nm to 750 nm, with the average thickness of the oxide layer increasing with the increase in the weight percent of oxygen in the N2-O2 gas mixtures. The results showed that the oxide layer growth followed the parabolic law. The underwater oil contact angles increased, due to the change in the surface morphology and porosity of the oxide layer. The small sizes and irregular packing of the oxide granules cause hierarchical rough surface layers with pores. The estimated pore sizes, in the range of 88 ± 40 to 280 ± 76, were predominant on the oxide layers of the samples processed in the N2-5 wt.% O2 gas mixture. The presence of these pores caused an increase in the porosities as the thickness of the oxide layers increased. At oxide layer thickness above 25 microns, the measured contact angle exceeded 150° as underwater superoleophobicity was recorded.
A Survey on Sensor Coverage and Visual Data Capturing/Processing/Transmission in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks
Authors: Yap Florence , Yen Hong-Hsu
Published: February 2014

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs) where camera-equipped sensor nodes can capture, process and transmit image/video information have become an important new research area. As compared to the traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that can only transmit scalar information (e.g., temperature), the visual data in WVSNs enable much wider applications, such as visual security surveillance and visual wildlife monitoring. However, as compared to the scalar data in WSNs, visual data is much bigger and more complicated so intelligent schemes are required to capture/process/ transmit visual data in limited resources (hardware capability and bandwidth) WVSNs. WVSNs introduce new multi-disciplinary research opportunities of topics that include visual sensor hardware, image and multimedia capture and processing, wireless communication and networking. In this paper, we survey existing research efforts on the visual sensor hardware, visual sensor coverage/deployment, and visual data capture/ processing/transmission issues in WVSNs. We conclude that WVSN research is still in an early age and there are still many open issues that have not been fully addressed. More new novel multi-disciplinary, cross-layered, distributed and collaborative solutions should be devised to tackle these challenging issues in WVSNs.
Breakdown of Phosphatidylserine Asymmetry Following Treatment of Erythrocytes with Lumefantrine
Authors: Alzoubi Kousi , Alktifan Bassel , Oswald Gergely , Fezai Myriam , Abed Majed , Lang Florian
Published: February 2014

Background: Lumefantrine, a commonly used antimalarial drug, inhibits hemozoin formation in parasites. Several other antimalarial substances counteract parasitemia by triggering suicidal death or eryptosis of infected erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), formation of ceramide, oxidative stress and/or activation of p38 kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), or caspases. The present study explored, whether lumefantrine stimulates eryptosis. Methods: Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate fluorescence, content of reduced glutathione (GSH) from mercury orange fluorescence, and ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry. Results: A 48 h exposure to lumefantrine (3 µg/mL) was followed by a significant increase of annexin-V-binding without significantly altering forward scatter, [Ca2+]i, ROS formation, reduced GSH, or ceramide abundance. The annexin-V-binding following lumefantrine treatment was not significantly modified by p38 kinase inhibitors SB203580 (2 μM) and p38 Inh III (1 μM), PKC inhibitor staurosporine (1 µM) or pancaspase inhibitor zVAD (1 or 10 µM). Conclusions: Lumefantrine triggers cell membrane scrambling, an effect independent from entry of extracellular Ca2+, ceramide formation, ROS formation, glutathione content, p38 kinase, PKC or caspases.