bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MONTAGE: CREATING SELF-POPULATING DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES FROM LINKED OPEN DATA
Authors: DASTGHEIB SHIMA , MESBAH ARSHAM , KOCHUT KRYS
Published: May 2014

Domain-specific ontologies have become integral components of numerous semantic- and knowledge-based applications. However, creating such ontologies and populating them with correct individuals is a difficult and time-consuming process. Recently, a vast amount of knowledge has become available as part of the Linked Open Data (LOD) project, which includes data sets in multiple areas. In this paper, we present mOntage, a novel ontology design and population framework, which allows a domain expert to easily define a domain ontology schema and specify the ontology's classes and properties in terms of the subsets of the existing LOD data sources. The classes and properties of the ontology being created can be defined either directly, in terms of existing LOD-available classes and properties, or can be newly constructed by the domain expert. The definitions, called maps, are encoded as part of the ontology itself, effectively converting it into a self-populating ontology. Finally, a dedicated software system automatically populates the ontology with instances obtained from the selected LOD sources by executing suitable SPARQL queries. We illustrate our framework by creating Cancer Treatment ontology in the area of biomedicine.
Scalable Runtime Bloat Detection Using Abstract Dynamic Slicing
Authors: Xu Guoqing , Mitchell Nick , Arnold Matthew , Rountev Atanas , Schonberg Edith , Sevitsky Gary
Published: May 2014

Many large-scale Java applications suffer from runtime bloat. They execute large volumes of methods and create many temporary objects, all to execute relatively simple operations. There are large opportunities for performance optimizations in these applications, but most are being missed by existing optimization and tooling technology. While JIT optimizations struggle for a few percent improvement, performance experts analyze deployed applications and regularly find gains of 2× or more. Finding such big gains is difficult, for both humans and compilers, because of the diffuse nature of runtime bloat. Time is spread thinly across calling contexts, making it difficult to judge how to improve performance. Our experience shows that, in order to identify large performance bottlenecks in a program, it is more important to understand its dynamic dataflow than traditional performance metrics, such as running time.

This article presents a general framework for designing and implementing scalable analysis algorithms to find causes of bloat in Java programs. At the heart of this framework is a generalized form of runtime dependence graph computed by
abstract dynamic slicing
, a semantics-aware technique that achieves high scalability by performing dynamic slicing over bounded abstract domains. The framework is instantiated to create two independent dynamic analyses,
copy profiling
and
cost-benefit analysis
, that help programmers identify performance bottlenecks by identifying, respectively, high-volume copy activities and data structures that have high construction cost but low benefit for the forward execution.

We have successfully applied these analyses to large-scale and long-running Java applications. We show that both analyses are effective at detecting inefficient operations that can be optimized for better performance. We also demonstrate that the general framework is flexible enough to be instantiated for dynamic analyses in a variety of application domains.
Sharing across Multiple MapReduce Jobs
Authors: Nykiel Tomasz , Potamias Michalis , Mishra Chaitanya , Kollios George , Koudas Nick
Published: May 2014

Large-scale data analysis lies in the core of modern enterprises and scientific research. With the emergence of cloud computing, the use of an analytical query processing infrastructure can be directly associated with monetary cost. MapReduce has been a popular framework in the context of cloud computing, designed to serve long-running queries (jobs) which can be processed in batch mode. Taking into account that different jobs often perform similar work, there are many opportunities for sharing. In principle, sharing similar work reduces the overall amount of work, which can lead to reducing monetary charges for utilizing the processing infrastructure. In this article we present a sharing framework tailored to MapReduce, namely, MRShare.

Our framework, MRShare, transforms a batch of queries into a new batch that will be executed more efficiently, by merging jobs into groups and evaluating each group as a single query. Based on our cost model for MapReduce, we define an optimization problem and we provide a solution that derives the optimal grouping of queries. Given the query grouping, we merge jobs appropriately and submit them to MapReduce for processing. A key property of MRShare is that it is independent of the MapReduce implementation. Experiments with our prototype, built on top of Hadoop, demonstrate the overall effectiveness of our approach.

MRShare is primarily designed for handling I/O-intensive queries. However, with the development of high-level languages operating on top of MapReduce, user queries executed in this model become more complex and CPU intensive. Commonly, executed queries can be modeled as evaluating pipelines of CPU-expensive filters over the input stream. Examples of such filters include, but are not limited to, index probes, or certain types of joins. In this article we adapt some of the standard techniques for filter ordering used in relational and stream databases, propose their extensions, and implement them through MRAdaptiveFilter, an extension of MRShare for expensive filter ordering tailored to MapReduce, which allows one to handle both single- and batch-query execution modes. We present an experimental evaluation that demonstrates additional benefits of MRAdaptiveFilter, when executing CPU-intensive queries in MRShare.
Q&A: Divide and conquer
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: May 2014

Leslie Lamport on Byzantine generals, clocks, and other tools for reasoning about concurrent systems.
On the Complexity of Query Result Diversification
Authors: Deng Ting , Fan Wenfei
Published: May 2014

Query result diversification is a bi-criteria optimization problem for ranking query results. Given a database
D
, a query
Q
, and a positive integer
k
, it is to find a set of
k
tuples from
Q
(
D
) such that the tuples are as relevant as possible to the query, and at the same time, as diverse as possible to each other. Subsets of
Q
(
D
) are ranked by an objective function defined in terms of relevance and diversity. Query result diversification has found a variety of applications in databases, information retrieval, and operations research.

This article investigates the complexity of result diversification for relational queries. (1) We identify three problems in connection with query result diversification, to determine whether there exists a set of
k
tuples that is ranked above a bound with respect to relevance and diversity, to assess the rank of a given
k
-element set, and to count how many
k
-element sets are ranked above a given bound based on an objective function. (2) We study these problems for a variety of query languages and for the three objective functions proposed in Gollapudi and Sharma [2009]. We establish the upper and lower bounds of these problems,
all matching
, for both combined complexity and data complexity. (3) We also investigate several special settings of these problems, identifying tractable cases. Moreover, (4) we reinvestigate these problems in the presence of compatibility constraints commonly found in practice, and provide their complexity in all these settings.
Distributed Geometric Query Monitoring Using Prediction Models
Authors: Giatrakos Nikos , Deligiannakis Antonios , Garofalakis Minos , Sharfman Izchak , Schuster Assaf
Published: May 2014

Many modern streaming applications, such as online analysis of financial, network, sensor, and other forms of data, are inherently distributed in nature. An important query type that is the focal point in such application scenarios regards actuation queries, where proper action is dictated based on a trigger condition placed upon the current value that a monitored function receives. Recent work [Sharfman et al. 2006, 2007b, 2008] studies the problem of (nonlinear) sophisticated function tracking in a distributive manner. The main concept behind the geometric monitoring approach proposed there is for each distributed site to perform the function monitoring over an appropriate subset of the input domain. In the current work, we examine whether the distributed monitoring mechanism can become more efficient, in terms of the number of communicated messages, by extending the geometric monitoring framework to utilize prediction models. We initially describe a number of local estimators (predictors) that are useful for the applications that we consider and which have already been shown particularly useful in past work. We then demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating predictors in the geometric monitoring framework and show that prediction-based geometric monitoring in fact generalizes the original geometric monitoring framework. We propose a large variety of different prediction-based monitoring models for the distributed threshold monitoring of complex functions. Our extensive experimentation with a variety of real datasets, functions, and parameter settings indicates that our approaches can provide significant communication savings ranging between two times and up to three orders of magnitude, compared to the transmission cost of the original monitoring framework.
Robust Distributed Query Processing for Streaming Data
Authors: Lei Chuan , Rundensteiner Elke A.
Published: May 2014

Distributed stream processing systems must function efficiently for data streams that fluctuate in their arrival rates and data distributions. Yet repeated and prohibitively expensive load reallocation across machines may make these systems ineffective, potentially resulting in data loss or even system failure. To overcome this problem, we propose a comprehensive solution, called the Robust Load Distribution (RLD) strategy, that is resilient under data fluctuations. RLD provides ϵ-optimal query performance under an expected range of load fluctuations without suffering from the performance penalty caused by load migration. RLD is based on three key strategies. First, we model robust distributed stream processing as a parametric query optimization problem in a parameter space that captures the stream fluctuations. The notions of both robust logical and robust physical plans that work together to proactively handle all ranges of expected fluctuations in parameters are abstracted as overlays of this parameter space. Second, our Early-terminated Robust Partitioning (
ERP
) finds a combination of robust logical plans that together cover the parameter space, while minimizing the number of prohibitively expensive optimizer calls with a
probabilistic bound
on the space coverage. Third, we design a family of algorithms for physical plan generation. Our
GreedyPhy
exploits a probabilistic model to efficiently find a robust physical plan that sustains most frequently used robust logical plans at runtime. Our
CorPhy
algorithm exploits operator correlations for the robust physical plan optimization. The resulting physical plan smooths the workload on each node under all expected fluctuations. Our
OptPrune
algorithm, using
CorPhy
as baseline, is guaranteed to find the optimal physical plan that maximizes the parameter space coverage with a practical increase in optimization time. Lastly, we further expand the capabilities of our proposed RLD framework to also appropriately react under so-called “space drifts”, that is, a space drift is a change of the parameter space where the observed runtime statistics deviate from the expected optimization-time statistics. Our RLD solution is capable of adjusting itself to the unexpected yet significant data fluctuations beyond those planned for via covering the parameter space. Our experimental study using stock market and sensor network streams demonstrates that our RLD methodology consistently outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of efficiency and effectiveness in highly fluctuating data stream environments.
The logic of logging
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: May 2014

And the illogic of PDF.
MultiDefender security games on networks
Authors: Smith Andrew , Vorobeychik Yevgeniy , Letchford Joshua
Published: May 2014

Stackelberg security game models and associated computational tools have seen deployment in a number of high- consequence security settings, such as LAX canine patrols and Federal Air Marshal Service. This deployment across essentially independent agencies raises a natural question: what global impact does the resulting strategic interaction among the defenders, each using a similar model, have? We address this question in two ways. First, we demonstrate that the most common solution concept of Strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) can result in significant under-investment in security entirely because SSE presupposes a single defender. Second, we propose a framework based on a different solution concept which incorporates a model of interdependencies among targets, and show that in this framework defenders tend to over-defend, even under significant positive externalities of increased defense.
Quantifying all-to-one network topology robustness under budget constraints
Authors: Laszka Aron , Gueye Assane
Published: May 2014

To design robust network topologies that resist strategic attacks, one must first be able to quantify robustness. In a recent line of research, the theory of network blocking games has been used to derive robustness metrics for topologies. However, these previous works did not consider the budget constraints of the network operator. In this paper, we introduce a budget limit on the operator and study two budget constraint formulations: the maximum and the expected cost constraints. For practical applications, the greatest challenge posed by blocking games is their computational complexity. Therefore, we show that the expected cost constraint formulation leads to games that can be solved efficiently, while the maximum cost constraint leads to NP-hard problems. As an illustrative example, this paper discusses the particular case of All-to-One (e.g., sensor or access) networks.
A game of clicks
Authors: Dritsoula Lemonia , Musacchio John
Published: May 2014

Ad networks use revenue sharing and effective filtering of fraudulent clicks to attract publishers. We develop a simple Hotelling competition-based game-theoretic model to study the effect of competition along these dimensions. We compute the Nash equilibrium strategy for two ad networks that compete for publishers. We then investigate how the preferences of the publishers and the quality of the ad networks affect the market share and the strategies chosen at equilibrium.
ISP and CP revenue sharing and content piracy
Authors: Park Jiwon , Mo Jeonghoon
Published: May 2014

With the network neutrality debate, the revenue sharing between Internet service providers(ISPs) and content providers(CPs) has been received attentions. In this paper, we study the revenue sharing of them from the perspective of collaboration to reduce online content piracy. With higher efforts of ISPs to reduce illegal content traffics,CPs have higher incentives to share their revenue with ISPs. We study the possibilities of such collaboration with a game theoretic model. Our preliminary results seem promising as both ISPs and CPs can be benefited from the cooperation.
A fast derivation of Karhunen-Loeve transform kernel for first-order autoregressive discrete process
Authors: Yilmaz Onur , Torun Mustafa U. , Akansu Ali N.
Published: May 2014

Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT), also called principal component analysis (PCA) or factor analysis, based signal processing methods have been successfully used in applications spanning from eigenfiltering to recommending systems. KLT is a signal dependent transform and comprised of three major steps where each has its own computational requirement. Namely, statistical measurement of random data is performed to populate its covariance matrix. Then, eigenvectors (eigenmatrix) and eigenvalues are calculated for the given covariance matrix. Last, incoming random data vector is mapped onto the eigenspace (subspace) by using the calculated eigenmatrix. The recently developed method by Torun and Akansu offers an efficient derivation of the explicit eigenmatrix for the covariance matrix of first-order autoregressive, AR(1), discrete stochastic process. It is the second step of the eigenanalysis implementation as summarized in the paper. Its computational complexity is investigated and compared with the currently used techniques. It is shown that the new method significantly outperforms the others, in particular, for very large matrix sizes that are common in big data applications.
Analysis of influence maximization in large-scale social networks
Authors: Hu Jie , Meng Kun , Chen Xiaomin , Lin Chuang , Huang Jiwei
Published: May 2014

Influence maximization is an important problem in online social networks. With the scale of social networks increasing, the requirements of solutions for influence maximization are becoming more and more strict. In this paper, we discuss two basic methods to compute the influence in general social networks, and then reveal that the computation of influence in series-parallel graph is in linear time complexity. Finally, we propose an novel method to solve influence maximization and show that it has a good performance.
Beyond graphs
Authors: Heintz Benjamin , Chandra Abhishek
Published: May 2014

Graph theory has provided a powerful modeling foundation for problems in many domains, but we argue that group interactions are better modeled by hypergraphs. As we work toward scalable systems for such hypergraph analysis, several major challenges and opportunities arise; here we highlight a sample of those challenges. We consider the need for efficient representations of hypergraphs, and show that in some cases it is possible to exploit the specific structure of a hypergraph to reduce storage overhead. We also explore several challenges in distributing computation on hypergraphs, including the need for more general partitioning approaches. Finally, we discuss several other problems that arise as we move from graphs to hypergraphs, including designing programming models, using hypergraphs to model real-world groups, and the need for a better understanding of the structural characteristics of hypergraphs.
Locality analysis
Authors: Brock Jacob , Luo Hao , Ding Chen
Published: May 2014

The rise of social media and cloud computing, paired with ever-growing storage capacity are bringing big data into the limelight, and rightly so. Data, it seems, can be found everywhere; It is harvested from our cars, our pockets, and soon even from our eyeglasses. While researchers in machine learning are developing new techniques to analyze vast quantities of sometimes unstructured data, there is another, not-so-new, form of big data analysis that has been quietly laying the architectural foundations of efficient data usage for decades.

Every time a piece of data goes through a processor, it must get there through the memory hierarchy. Since retrieving the data from the main memory takes hundreds of times longer than accessing it from the cache, a robust theory of data usage can lay the groundwork for all efficient caching. Since everything touched by the CPU is first touched by the cache, the cache traces produced by the analysis of big data will invariably be bigger than big.

In this paper we first summarize the locality problem and its history, and then we give a view of the present state of the field as it adapts to the industry standards of multicore CPUs and multithreaded programs before exploring ideas for expanding the theory to other big data domains.
A call for energy efficiency in data centers
Authors: Pawlish Michael , Varde Aparna S. , Robila Stefan A. , Ranganathan Anand
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we explore a data center's performance with a call for energy efficiency through green computing. Some performance metrics we examine in data centers are server energy usage, Power Usage Effectiveness and utilization rate, i.e., the extent to which data center servers are being used. Recent literature indicates that utilization rates at many internal data centers are quite low, resulting in poor usage of resources such as energy and materials. Based on our study, we attribute these low utilization rates to not fully taking advantage of virtualization, and not retiring phantom (unused) servers. This paper describes our initiative corroborated with real data in a university setting. We suggest that future data centers will need to increase their utilization rates for better energy efficiency, and moving towards a cloud provider would help. However, we argue that neither a pure in-house data center or cloud model is the best solution. Instead we recommend, from a decision support perspective, a hybrid model in data center management to lower costs and increase services, while also providing greater energy efficiency.
Amelioration of Diabetes and Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Punica granatum L. Extract and Its Spray Dried Biopolymeric Dispersions
Authors: Raafat K. , Samy W.
Published: May 2014

Aims. To evaluate the effect of Punica granatum (Pg) rind extract and its spray dried biopolymeric dispersions with casein (F1) or chitosan (F2) against Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic neuropathy (DN). Methods. We measured the acute (6 h) and subacute (8 days) effect of various doses of Pg, F1, and F2 and the active compounds on alloxan‐induced DM mouse model. We evaluated DN utilizing latency tests for longer period of time (8 weeks). In addition, the in vivo antioxidant activity was assessed utilizing serum catalase level. Results. The results proved that the highest dose levels of Pg extract, F1, F2 exerted remarkable hypoglycemic activity with 48, 52, and 40% drop in the mice glucose levels after 6 hours, respectively. The tested compounds also improved peripheral nerve function as observed from the latency tests. Bioguided fractionation suggested that gallic acid (GA) was Pg main active ingredient responsible for its actions. Conclusion. Pg extract, F1, F2, and GA could be considered as a new therapeutic potential for the amelioration of diabetic neuropathic pain and the observed in vivo antioxidant potential may be involved in its antinociceptive effect. It is highly significant to pay attention to Pg and GA for amelioration and control of DM and its complications.
Idiopathic Scrotal Hematoma in Neonate: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jimoh Bioku Muftau , Chinwe Eziechila Bessie , Adebisi Adewumi Oluwafemi , Ifeoma Igwilo Chinwe , Ogechi Maduka , Oluwafemi Aiyekomogbon Joshua
Published: May 2014

Neonatal scrotal hematoma is a rare genitourinary emergency. Some cases have underlining aetiologic factors such as testicular torsion, adrenal hemorrhage, or birth trauma, and others are idiopathic. Previously, immediate scrotal exploration was considered imperative for diagnosis and treatment. With good imaging techniques, some patients are managed nonoperatively. We report a case of idiopathic scrotal hematoma in a neonate. He was managed conservatively with clinical and radiological follow-up. There was complete resolution of hematoma within two months, thus, avoiding unnecessary exploration.
Hemophagocytic Syndrome Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient with AIDS Related Burkitt’s Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Kanıtez Metin , Kapmaz Mahir , Alpay Nilufer , Selcukbiricik Fatih , Çağatay Atahan , Diz-Küçükkaya Reyhan
Published: May 2014

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly decreased human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) related mortality and the incidence of opportunistic infections. The dramatic reduction in HIV-1 RNA and increase in CD4 lymphocyte count mean a recovery in immune function. This restoration in immune function may be associated with paradoxical deterioration in subclinical opportunistic infections in some patients, a condition called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). IRIS, a “paradoxical” inflammatory response to either previously treated or subclinical infections or noninfectious diseases, can manifest during the restoration phase of immunity hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) which is a very rare complication in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We describe a case of hemophagocytic syndrome associated with IRIS in a patient with AIDS related Burkitt’s leukemia/lymphoma (BL). IRIS was probably the cause of hemophagocytosis for our patient. Zoster infection may facilitate to IRIS. With the increasing number of people with HIV infection and the accompanying use of HAART, much more clinical manifestations of IRIS will be experienced especially in patients given high dose chemotherapy, just like in our case.
Screening for Genes Coding for Putative Antitumor Compounds, Antimicrobial and Enzymatic Activities from Haloalkalitolerant and Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria Strains of Algerian Sahara Soils
Authors: Selama Okba , Amos Gregory C. A. , Djenane Zahia , Borsetto Chiara , Laidi Rabah Forar , Porter David , Nateche Farida , Wellington Elizabeth M. H. , Hacène Hocine
Published: May 2014

Extreme environments may often contain unusual bacterial groups whose physiology is distinct from those of normal environments. To satisfy the need for new bioactive pharmaceuticals compounds and enzymes, we report here the isolation of novel bacteria from an extreme environment. Thirteen selected haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria were isolated from Algerian Sahara Desert soils. These isolates were screened for the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds using PCR based methods. Enzymatic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined by using cultural dependant methods. Several of these isolates are typical of desert and alkaline saline soils, but, in addition, we report for the first time the presence of a potential new member of the genusNocardiawith particular activity against the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to their haloalkali character, the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, combined with the antimicrobial activity against a broad range of indicator strains and their enzymatic potential, makes them suitable for biotechnology applications.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Structural Characterization of Elastic and Inelastic Deformation in ZrCu Metallic Glasses
Authors: Feng Shidong , Qi Li , Li Gong , Liu Riping
Published: May 2014

The nanoscopic deformation behaviors in a ZrCu metallic glass model during loading‐unloading process under uniaxial compression have been analyzed on the basis of the molecular dynamics (MD). The reversible degree of shear origin zones (SOZs) is used as the structural indicator to distinguish the elastic deformation and inelastic deformation of ZrCu metallic glass at the atomic level. We find that the formation of SOZs is reversible at the elastic stage but irreversible at the inelastic stage during the loading and unloading processes. At the inelastic stage, the full‐icosahedra fraction in SOZs is quickly reduced with increased strain and the decreasing process is also irreversible during the unloading processes.
Expression Profiling and Functional Implications of a Set of Zinc Finger Proteins, ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B, in Primary Osteoarthritic Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Mesuraca Maria , Galasso Olimpio , Guido Leonardo , Chiarella Emanuela , Scicchitano Stefania , Vatrinet Renaud , Morrone Giovanni , Bond Heather M. , Gasparini Giorgio
Published: May 2014

Articular chondrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of healthy articulations; indeed, dysregulation of their functions, including the production of matrix proteins and matrix-remodeling proteases, may result in fraying of the tissue and development of osteoarthritis (OA). To explore transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and may be implicated in OA development, we compared the gene expression profile of a set of zinc finger proteins potentially linked to the control of chondrocyte differentiation and/or functions (ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B) in chondrocytes from patients affected by OA and from subjects not affected by OA. This analysis highlighted a significantly lower expression of the transcript encoding ZNF423 in chondrocytes from OA, particularly in elderly patients. Interestingly, this decrease was mirrored by the similarly reduced expression of PPARγ, a known target of ZNF423 with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. The ZNF521 mRNA instead was abundant in all primary chondrocytes studied; the RNAi-mediated silencing of this gene significantly altered the COL2A/COL1 expression ratio, associated with the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, in chondrocytes cultivated in alginate beads. These results suggest a role for ZNF423 and ZNF521 in the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and warrant further investigations to elucidate their mechanism of action.
Bone Formation with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral or Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in the Presence of Autologous Platelet Lysate: Comparative Investigation in Rabbit
Authors: Chakar Carole , Naaman Nada , Soffer Emmanuel , Cohen Nicolas , El Osta Nada , Petite Hervé , Anagnostou Fani
Published: May 2014

Bone substitutes alone or supplemented with platelet-derived concentrates are widely used to promote bone regeneration but their potency remains controversial. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the regenerative potential of preparations containing autologous platelet lysate (APL) and particles of either deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), two bone substitutes with different resorption patterns. Rabbit APL was prepared by freeze-thawing a platelet suspension. Critical-size defects in rabbit femoral condyle were filled with DBBM or DBBM+APL and BCP or BCP+APL. Rabbits were sacrificed after six weeks and newly formed bone and residual implanted material were evaluated using nondemineralized histology and histomorphometry. New bone was observed around particles of all fillers tested. In the defects filled with BCP, the newly formed bone area was greater (70%;P<0.001) while the residual material area was lower (60%;P<0.001) than that observed in those filled with DBBM. New bone and residual material area of defects filled with either APL+DBBM or APL+BCP were similar to those observed in those filled with the material alone. In summary, osteoconductivity and resorption of BCP were greater than those of DBBM, while APL associated with either DBBM or BCP did not have an additional benefit.
Globalμ-Stability of Impulsive Complex-Valued Neural Networks with Leakage Delay and Mixed Delays
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Song Qiankun , Liu Yurong , Zhao Zhenjiang
Published: May 2014

The impulsive complex-valued neural networks with three kinds of time delays including leakage delay, discrete delay, and distributed delay are considered. Based on the homeomorphism mapping principle of complex domain, a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point of the addressed complex-valued neural networks is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). By constructing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, and employing the free weighting matrix method, several delay-dependent criteria for checking the globalμ-stability of the complex-valued neural networks are established in LMIs. As direct applications of these results, several criteria on the exponential stability, power-stability, and log-stability are obtained. Two examples with simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria.
Biological Pathways and Potential Targets for Prevention and Therapy of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
Authors: Shrestha Badri Man , Haylor John
Published: May 2014

Renal transplantation (RT) is the best option for patients with end-stage renal disease, but the half-life is limited to a decade due to progressive deterioration of renal function and transplant failure from chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), which is the leading cause of transplant loss. Extensive research has been done to understand the pathogenesis, the biological pathways of fibrogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of CAN. Despite the advancements in the immunosuppressive agents and patient care, CAN continues to remain an unresolved problem in renal transplantation. The aim of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature on the pathogenesis, biological pathways of RT fibrogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and therapy of CAN.
Foliar Water Uptake ofTamarix ramosissimafrom an Atmosphere of High Humidity
Authors: Li Shuang , Xiao Hong-lang , Zhao Liang , Zhou Mao-Xian , Wang Fang
Published: May 2014

Many species have been found to be capable of foliar water uptake, but little research has focused on this in desert plants.Tamarix ramosissimawas investigated to determine whether its leaves can directly absorb water from high humidity atmosphere and, if they can, to understand the magnitude and importance of foliar water uptake. Various techniques were adopted to demonstrate foliar water uptake under submergence or high atmospheric humidity. The mean increase in leaf water content after submergence was 29.38% and 20.93% for mature and tender leaves, respectively. In the chamber experiment, obvious reverse sap flow occurred when relative humidity (RH) was persistently above 90%. Reverse flow was recorded first in twigs, then in branches and stems. For the stem, the percentage of negative sap flow rate accounting for the maximum value of sap flow reached 10.71%, and its amount accounted for 7.54% of diurnal sap flow. Small rainfall can not only compensate water loss of plant by foliar uptake, but also suppress transpiration. Foliar uptake can appear in the daytime under certain rainfall events. High atmospheric humidity is beneficial for enhancing the water status of plants. Foliar uptake should be an important strategy of water acquisition for desert plants.
Antibiotic Treatment Response of Chronic Lung Diseases of Adult Sheep in the United Kingdom Based upon Ultrasonographic Findings
Authors: Scott Phil
Published: May 2014

Examination of the lungs of adult sheep with chronic respiratory diseases was readily achieved using both 5 MHz linear and sector scanners. Superficial lung abscesses in eight sheep appeared as anechoic areas containing multiple hyperechoic dots bordered distally by a broad hyperechoic capsule. Unilateral fibrinous pleurisy (2 sheep) appeared as an anechoic area containing a hyperechoic latticework. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) lesions appeared as sharply demarcated hypoechoic areas in the lung parenchyma initially in the cranioventral lung lobes (21 sheep) with lesions also present in the caudodorsal diaphragmatic lobe (11 sheep); abscesses and areas of calcification within the OPA tumour mass were also identified. Daily treatment with procaine penicillin for 30 consecutive days was successful in both sheep with unilateral fibrinous pleurisy and six sheep identified with superficial lung abscesses measuring 2–8 cm in diameter; only one of two sheep with more extensive lesions recovered. Auscultation of the chest failed to detect adventitious sounds in any of the ten sheep with lung abscesses; normal breath sounds were reduced over the area of fibrinous pleurisy; no pleuritic rubs were heard. Wheezes and crackles auscultated in some OPA cases and did not correlate well with lesions detected ultrasonographically.
Characterisation of the Proteome of Leptospira interrogans Serovar Canicola as a Resource for the Identification of Common Serovar Immunogenic Proteins
Authors: Humphryes P. C. , Weeks M. E. , Coldham N. G.
Published: May 2014

Over 230 serovars of Leptospira interrogans have been identified; however few have been completely characterised. The aim of this study was to characterise the proteome of serovar Canicola and to compare this against the serovars of Copenhageni and Pomona. 2D-LC/MS analysis identified 1653 Leptospira proteins in serovar Canicola; 60 of these proteins were common to Copenhageni and Pomona, 16 of which are known to be immunogenic. This study provides the first reported proteome for serovar Canicola and suggests that proteomic comparison of different serovars could be used as a tool for identification of novel target molecules for vaccine development.
Effect of Surface Forces on Ultrathin Film Lubrication
Authors: Mishra Prakash Chandra
Published: May 2014

Lubricated contact with nanoscale oil film is modeled for friction. Effect of the van der Waals pressure and the solvation pressure forces on such ultrathin lubricating oil film is considered while finding the friction and other parameters. Hydrodynamic action is represented using transient thermoelastohydrodynamics. Net pressure due to hydrodynamic, solvation, and van der Waals’ action is integrated over the contact area to find contact load. Conjunctional friction due to thermal activation of such ultrathin film is derived using the Eyring model. Effect of molecular dimension on friction is studied.
Modelling of a PMSG Wind Turbine with Autonomous Control
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Lin Wen-Chang , Le Xuan-Khoa
Published: May 2014

The aim of this research is to model an autonomous control wind turbine driven permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) which feeds alternating current (AC) power to the utility grid. Furthermore, this research also demonstrates the effects and the efficiency of PMSG wind turbine which is integrated by autonomous controllers. In order for well autonomous control, two voltage source inverters are used to control wind turbine connecting with the grid. The generator‐side inverter is used to adjust the synchronous generator as well as separating the generator from the grid when necessary. The grid‐side inverter controls the power flow between the direct current (DC) bus and the AC side. Both of them are oriented control by space vector pulse width modulation (PWM) with back‐to‐back frequency inverter. Moreover, the proportional‐integral (PI) controller is enhanced to control both of the inverters and the pitch angle of the wind turbine. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is integrated in generator‐side inverter to track the maximum power, when wind speed changes. The simulation results in Matlab Simulink 2012b showing the model have good dynamic and static performance. The maximum power can be tracked and the generator wind turbine can be operated with high efficiency.
Failure Analysis of a Modern High Performance Diesel Engine Cylinder Head
Authors: Guo Bingbin , Zhang Weizheng , Wang Xiaosong
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a failure analysis on a modern high performance diesel engine cylinder head made of gray cast iron. Cracks appeared intensively at the intersection of two exhaust passages in the cylinder head. The metallurgical examination was conducted in the crack origin zone and other zones. Meanwhile, the load state of the failure part of the cylinder head was determined through the Finite Element Analysis. The results showed that both the point of the maximum temperature and the point of the maximum thermal-mechanical coupling stress were not in the crack position. The excessive load was not the main cause of the failure. The large cooling rate in the casting process created an abnormal graphite zone that existed below the surface of the exhaust passage (about 1.1 mm depth), which led to the fracture of the cylinder head. In the fractured area, there were a large number of casting defects (dip sand, voids, etc.) and inferior graphite structure (type D, type E) which caused stress concentration. Moreover, high temperature gas entered the cracks, which caused material corrosion, material oxidization, and crack propagation. Finally, premature fracture of the cylinder head took place.
Early Repolarization Increases the Occurrence of Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias and Sudden Death in the Chronic Phase of an Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Naruse Yoshihisa , Tada Hiroshi , Harimura Yoshie , Ishibashi Mayu , Noguchi Yuichi , Sato Akira , Hoshi Tomoya , Sekiguchi Yukio , Aonuma Kazutaka
Published: May 2014

Background—

We recently showed that the presence of early repolarization (ER) increases the risk of ventricular fibrillation occurrences in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to clarify whether an association exists between ER and occurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death in the chronic phase of AMI.

Methods and Results—

This study retrospectively enrolled 1131 patients (67±12 years; 862 men) with AMIs surviving 14 days post-AMI. The primary end point was the occurrence of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death >14 days after the AMI onset. We evaluated the presence of ER from the predischarge ECG (mean 10±3 days post-AMI). ER was defined as an elevation of the terminal portion of the QRS complex of >0.1 mV in inferior or lateral leads. After a median follow-up of 26.2 months, 26 patients had an episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death. A multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed the presence of ER (hazard ratio, 5.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.27–12.69;
P
<0.001), Killip class on admission of >I (hazard ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–6.07;
P
=0.013), and a left ventricular ejection fraction of <35% (hazard ratio, 11.83; 95% confidence interval, 5.16–27.13;
P
<0.001) were significantly associated with event occurrences. As features of the ER pattern, ER in the inferior leads, high-amplitude ER, a notched morphology, and ER without ST-segment elevation were associated with an increased risk of event occurrences.

Conclusions—

ER observed at a mean of 10 days post-AMI may be a marker for a subsequent risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias or sudden death.
A new species Chrysorithrum duda (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from China
Authors: Saldaitis Aidas , Ivinskis Povilas , Rimsaite Jolanta
Published: May 2014

A new noctuid moth, Chrysorithrum duda sp. n., from southwest China is described. Previously the genus Chrysorithrum (Butler 1878) included two species with eastern Palaearctic and Manchurian distributions. The new species differs in appearance, genitalia and DNA from its congeners Chrysorithrum flavomaculata (Bremer) and Chrysorithrum amata (Bremer & Grey).
Check-list of Anteoninae R. Perkins, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) of South Korea, with description of a new species
Authors: KIM CHANG-JUN , LEE JONG-WOOK
Published: May 2014

The subfamily Anteoninae (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) was represented in South Korea by fifteen species belonging to the genus Anteon Jurine, 1807. In this paper, further eighteen species belonging to two genera are recognized for the first time from South Korea: Anteon worakense Kim & Lee, sp. nov., A. albonigrum Olmi, 1995; A. autumnale Olmi, 1991; A. devriesi Olmi, 1998; A. exiguum (Haupt, 1941); A. gaullei Kieffer, 1905; A. hikense Olmi, 1995; A. ingenuum Olmi, 1984; A. japonicum Olmi, 1984; A. metuendum Olmi, 1987; A. nanlingense Xu, Olmi & He, 2011; A. peterseni Olmi, 1984; A. songyangense Xu, He & Olmi, 1998; A. sulawesianum Olmi, 1991; A. wushense Olmi, 1991; A. yuani Xu, He & Olmi, 1998; Lonchodryinus infuscatus Xu, Olmi & He, 2009; L. ruficornis (Dalman, 1818). A. exiguum (Haupt, 1941) is also recorded from Russian Far East (new record). A check-list and a key to South Korean species of Anteoninae are presented.
Trimma irinae, (Pisces; Gobioidei) a new species of gobiid fish from Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea
Authors: WINTERBOTTOM RICHARD
Published: May 2014

A new species of Trimma, T. irinae, is described from 65 m off Lawadi, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. This colourful new species has red-orange spots on the head and anterior trunk, with a yellow to orange body posteriorly. The first dorsal fin has two dark basal spots, and the elongated section of the second dorsal spine is bright white to pale blue in life. There are 8–9 scales in the predorsal midline, usually cycloid scales present along the upper border of the opercle in up to three horizontal rows, no cheek scales, and the middle 9–11 rays of the pectoral fin are branched. The fifth pelvic fin ray branches once dichotomously and is 52–64% the length of the fourth ray, and the basal membrane connecting the inner margins of the fifth pelvic fins rays is less than 15% the length of the fifth ray.
Review of the leafhopper genus Coloana Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini)
Authors: YANG MEIXIA , CAO YANGHUI , ZHANG YALIN
Published: May 2014

General characteristics of Coloana Dworakowska and a key to known species of the genus are provided. Six new species, Coloana accrescens, C. hainanensis, C. latiprocessa, C. orthoprocessa, C. recta and C. sinuata spp. nov. from China and Thailand are described and illustrated. C. cinerea Dworakowska is newly recorded from China.
A new hypogean Trechus Clairville (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini) discovered in a non-calcareous Superficial Subterranean Habitat of the Iberian System (Central Spain)
Authors: ORTUÑO VICENTE M. , CUESTA EVA , GILGADO JOSÉ D. , LEDESMA ENRIQUE
Published: May 2014

A new hypogean species of Trechus Clairville, Trechus arrecheai sp. nov., is described from the Iberian Peninsula. It was captured by subterranean pitfall traps in a non-calcareous Superficial Subterranean Habitat from the Moncayo Massif (Zaragoza, Spain). Data on the accompanying fauna are provided and the biogeographical implications of this discovery are discussed. A synthesis of the data about the known distribution of the Trechus angusticollis species group is provided.
Review of East Asian Heliosia (Ledidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) species, with description of a new genus
Authors: Dubatolov Vladimir V. , Kishida Yasunori , WU Chunsheng
Published: May 2014

Oriental species currently classified in the genus Heliosia Hampson, 1900 but in fact belonging to Nudariini are separated into the new genus Paraheliosia gen. nov.: Paraheliosia elegans (Reich, 1937) comb. nov. (type species) from South-East China; P. rufa (Leech, 1890) comb. nov. from North China (nominotypical subspecies) and Primorskiy Kray of Russia (P. r. ussuriensis (O. Bang-Haas, 1927) comb. nov.); and P. novirufa (Fang, 1992) comb. nov. from Sichuan. Presence of two strong apical spines at juxta apex and basal costal valve processes looks to be well marked autapomorphic characters of the new genus. Heliosia punctata Fang, 1992 is transferred into Elachistidae, Aeolanthinae but to unknown genus.
A new species of the genus Ectagela Schmidt from Iran (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae)
Authors: HOSSEINI REZA , SHAMSI MOHSEN
Published: May 2014

A new species of the genus Ectagela Schmidt (Phylinae) from Iran, Ectagela kermanensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The type specimens are deposited in the insect collection of the Natural History Museum of University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.