bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of calcination temperature of eggshell-derived CaO as a catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
Authors: Alsaiari R , Musa E , Rizk M
Published: July 2023

Biodiesel is considered to be more friendly to the environment than petroleum-based fuels, cheaper and capable for producing greener energy which contributed positively in boosting bio-economy. In this work, waste cooking oil (WCO) is converted into biodiesel utilizing a waste eggshell (CaO) nano-catalyst in an effort to discover environmentally beneficial and economically viable processes for social and economic development. The eggshell-based CaO catalyst developed for the production of ecologically friendly biodiesel at a reduced price is calcined at temperatures between 600 and 1100 °C. The synthesized catalysts were assessed in terms of their physical and chemical qualities via BET, TGA and XRD analysis. This revealed that, besides displaying exceptional transesterification activity, the catalyst synthesised at 950 °C also offered the greatest biodiesel yield. Transesterification, used in biodiesel generation, was used to evaluate the catalytic performance of manufactured catalysts under several reaction circumstances. Under prime reaction conditions i.e., a reaction time of 3 hours, an ethanol-oil molar ratio of 9:1, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt.%, it was ascertained that a catalyst which had calcined at 950 °C demonstrated excellent transesterification activity and delivered a ceiling yield of 88% fatty acid ethyl esters. The production of FAME was confirmed by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Fuel properties of fatty acid ethyl ester complied with ASTM D 6751 which indicated that it would be an appropriate alternative form of fuel.
A propósito del papel de la pedagogía desde Immanuel Kant
Authors: Vallejo-Merino Isabel Cristina , Álvarez-Bahena Eyesid , Viveros-Chavarría Edison Francisco
Published: July 2023

El propósito de este artículo de reflexión, el cual es derivado de una investigación, busca centrar la pregunta por el papel de la pedagogía en Kant. En este sentido, los esfuerzos de la pedagogía han de estar orientados hacia lo que se espera que pueda alcanzar la especie humana; es decir, el despliegue del carácter de índole moral. Dicho carácter se comprende a lo largo del texto como el último fin de la educación. De forma puntual, se presentan algunos apuntes alrededor de estas tres preguntas: ¿Cuál es la relación entre antropología y metafísica de las costumbres en el corpus kantiano? ¿Qué es la pedagogía para el filósofo de Königsberg? Y por último, ¿cuál es el papel de la pedagogía frente al carácter de índole moral? Finalmente, se concluye que el carácter inteligible es un elemento fundamental en la pedagogía de Kant y se plantea que es susceptible de ser formado mediante el método dialógico.
Pedagogía: cuestiones teóricas y profesionales emergentes en el contexto brasileño
Authors: Garrido-Pimenta Selma , De Andrade Pinto Umberto , Rolim de Lima Severo José Leonardo
Published: July 2023

Este artículo esboza consideraciones sobre las principales cuestiones que rodean la especificidad de la Pedagogía como ciencia, curso y profesión en Brasil a partir de fuentes bibliográficas y documentales. Las reflexiones están guiadas por la comprensión de la Pedagogía como una ciencia dialéctica de la educación que asume la relación entre la teoría y la práctica educativas como principio epistemológico fundante, ya que se dirige a la producción de referentes que expliquen las múltiples determinaciones y significados que la hacen práctica social para intervenir en ella en una perspectiva emancipadora. Se examinan las configuraciones y contradicciones de la carrera de Pedagogía a partir de una incursión en su trayectoria histórica y se señalan los desafíos de la legitimación académica de la Pedagogía en los Programas de Posgrado en Educación.
Elogio y elegía de la escuela alfabetizadora
Authors: Larrosa Jorge
Published: July 2023

El texto recoge una conferencia impartida en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Buenos Aires, el 15 de noviembre de 2022, con la compañía en la presentación y el debate de Ane Pereira, Daniel Brailovsky y Carlos Skliar.
Tactilidad y pedagogía. Sensorialidad y creación en la historia educativa
Authors: Dussel Inés
Published: July 2023

Las pedagogías digitales priorizan la interactividad, la exploración y la tactilidad como formas de conocimiento, las que se postulan como superadoras de la voz, el texto y el cuerpo sedentario de la institución escolar. En este artículo de investigación, se propone problematizar esa contraposición a partir de analizar la emergencia de una pedagogía de la tactilidad y la creación en la primera mitad del siglo XX, centrándose en la experiencia de la Bauhaus y sus ecos y transformaciones posteriores en los Estados Unidos de la posguerra. Como parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la historia de las pedagogías digitales, se analizan las concepciones de la sensorialidad y la creación que desplegaron estas pedagogías, así como las jerarquías culturales que promovieron. Se argumenta que estas pedagogías de la tactilidad y la creación, particularmente en sus traducciones norteamericanas, estuvieron imbricadas en la emergencia de las tecnologías digitales durante la Guerra Fría, en las que inscribieron concepciones particulares sobre el saber y la sensorialidad asociadas al complejo industrial-militar-cibernético. El artículo finaliza con preguntas acerca de las relaciones entre esas experiencias históricas y los debates actuales sobre la digitalización de la educación.
Rigidity in Personality Organization: The Historical Background and Research Issue
Authors:   Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Pevneva Anzhela N.
Published: July 2023

The –issues of research on rigidity in personality organization – are discussed indepth in this article as the main theoretical and applied aspects of one of the relevant areas of general psychology. In this regard, the reasons for the formulation of the stated problem in its proper psychological aspect are presented and interpreted: the absence of a single categorical and conceptual apparatus; spectral and local organization of scientific rigidity research; “bipolar” character reflecting the convergence process of rigidity and flexibility; the vagueness of the content, boundaries and place of rigidity in the system of psychological concepts, its structural and functional organization, position among other structural components of personality and the relationship with them. As a result of the difficulties associated with the formation of a unified view on the genesis of the concept, justification of the choice of basic definitions, diversification of approaches in the study of rigidity, the allocation of structural components, the concept of rigidity is used and interpreted in various contexts differently. It is shown that the current research on rigidity in the structure of personality aims to solve the important, but narrow issues despite of their high theoretical and practical significance. At the same time, relevant general issues fall out of scientists’ sight and need to be discussed. The rigidity research should be carried out as in the field of general psychology and rigidity should be studied within the section of cognitive processes taking into account its key aspects including dynamics and structural organization. Strate gically, in order to develop theoretical ideas about the psychological concept of rigidity, study its procedural side, analyze key aspects of structural organization and dynamics, it is necessary to make a reasonable choice of both a theoretical and methodological foundation and a theoretical model supplemented by the results of empirical research. Along with this, it is worth drawing attention of the scientific community to the issue of determination the causes of manifestation of personality rigidity. Summarizing the presented materials, the author concludes that rigidity in personality organization should be studied as a general psychology problem.
Understanding Identity in the Context of Cultural-Historical Psychology
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Pliushch Aleksandr N.
Published: July 2023

In the context of cultural historical psychology, it is proposed to view identity as an explication of a life project. A synergetic methodology is used, within which development is considered not only as a process determined by heredity and environment (internal and external), but also as a process of self-organization, leading to selfconstruction of the subject. In a constantly changing world, understanding identity as a stable structure of the subject’s representations, reflecting one’s actual state, is replaced by understanding the fundamental incompleteness of the “auto-project” text narrated by the subject of life, which implies the analysis of the (re)constructed author of this project. As it turned out, the growth of the complicated subject’s thinking leads to the organizational complication of the “auto-project” text. Three types of identity texts have been distinguished (personal, social, predictive), which differ by the methods of identity description. Personal identity is a collection of the descriptive characteristics of a subject. Social identity means the (re)construction of social space and the choice of social roles. The predictive identity as a representation of future vital roles provides an opportunity for the subject to plan the achievement of potential life goals. The expanded understanding of identity functions is revealed: starting as the knowledge about the self and the regulator of behavior in a social context, it becomes the instrument of self-organization, which allows making some adjustments into the life project of the subject. The depth of social identity (autonomous personality, representative of a group, citizen of society) will determine the scale of life tasks available to the subject. It is shown that as a result of the processes of circular causality, the increase in the complexity of thinking leads to the complication of the organization of any identity, which, being a tool for a self-development, provides some opportunities for the deployment of the existing human potential.
Lipid-based Liquid Crystalline Phases for Biocompatible and Versatile Drug Delivery
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Kim Sung-Hyun , Seo Min-Joon , Lim Hyung-sik , Hong Jin-Tae
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the paper was to overview the liquid crystalline phases that can be prepared with various lipids and to assess their characteristics as drug delivery systems for drugs to be administered to various routes. Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) was most frequently employed to deliver the drugs to topical, transdermal, oral, buccal and parenteral routes. In addition to bulk phase such as lamellar and cubic liquid crystalline phases, nano-sized cubosomes of GMO have offered a wide range of chances to administer drugs more precisely to oral and parenteral routes. In addition to GMO different types of lipids including phospholipids, triglycerides, fatty acids and cholesterol were able to form liquid crystalline phases even though most studies employing other lipids than GMO were focused on revealing their phase behaviors and physicochemical characteristics. However, it was expected that more research attempts will be made on utilizing new class of liquid crystalline phases that can be formed with various lipids. Based on the outcome published to date, more versatile drug delivery can be possible if new lipid materials can be developed and used to organize unique molecular orders suitable for a difficult-to-carry drugs.
Analysis of Socioeconomic Indirect Cost of Premature Death in Patients with HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) using Nationwide Claims Data
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Ko Hwa Yeon , Choi Ahhyung , Hong Bin , Bae Ji-Hwan , Oh In-Sun , Park Sun-Kyeong , Park Yeon Hee , Shin Ju-Young
Published: July 2023

The premature deaths caused by human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 protein (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) among working age groups result in significant socioeconomic losses. This study aims to quantify the socioeconomic burden of disease in female patients and provide evidence that can inform healthcare policy decisions. We identified deaths from HER2-positive MBC over the period from 2007 to 2021, using nationwide claims data of South Korea. Then, we estimated years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential productivity lost (YPPLL), and cost of productivity loss (CPL) to quantify socioeconomic burden of the disease. During the period from 2011 to 2020, a total of 3,576 patients died from HER2-positive MBC. The total YPLL over the period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020 was 128,605 years, corresponding to an average of approximately 36.0 years per deceased patient. The total YPPLL during the same period was 55,608 years, corresponding to an average of approximately 15.6 years per deceased patient. Additionally, total CPL of approximately 310 million won per deceased patient was incurred. All three disease burden indicators were highest among the age group of 40 to 54 years, which are individuals in their most productive time of life.
Community Care and Pharmaceutical Care: Focusing on Cheonan and Jeonju
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Kang Hee-Jin , Jang Sunmee
Published: July 2023

As our society enters an aging society, community care is emerging to enable the elderly to spend the rest of their lives in their own neighborhoods. This is a case study of pharmacists who provided home-based pharmaceutical services as part of the leading community care programs in Jeonju and Cheonan city. By interviewing pharmacists who provided home-based pharmaceutical services, we identified the status of pharmaceutical services in community care based on their experiences. Cheonan city has provided pharmaceutical services for poly-pharmacy users, visiting them three to four times a year, and most of the initial recipients have been retained. Jeonju city has provided three types of pharmaceutical services: medication counseling, medication counseling during the transition period after discharge, and medication counseling for diabetics. Both medication counseling and the discharge transition period service were provided twice per patient. The services provided were medication reorganization and medication counseling. The pharmacist thought that they had a better understanding of the senior and could focus on patient care. They had difficulty in preparing for the service in advance due to inadequate records of medication history, and medication reconciliation, and needed various contents to increase patient interest and pharmacist expertise. In order for the visiting pharmacy program to operate more effectively in community care in the future, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of visiting pharmacy program by establishing an information-sharing platform and developing and disseminating various visiting pharmacy program.
Trends in Pharmaceutical Market Structure and Generic Drug Utilization in the Korean National Health Security System (2007-2017)
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Jang Suhyun , Jang Sunmee
Published: July 2023

We aimed to analyze the market structure and changes in the market share of new drugs, original drugs, and generic drugs in the pharmaceutical market over the past ten years. We utilized national health insurance claims data, including both national health insurance and medical aid, from 2007 to 2017 to establish pharmaceutical expenditure and usage data. The drugs are categorized into new drugs, original drugs (expired patents), and generic drugs. Furthermore, we classified the original drugs as single-source and multi-source original drugs based on whether generic drugs had entered the market. Market share is calculated based on the volume and value of drugs in each category. The results indicate that the total pharmaceutical expenditure increased by 1.75 times, from 10.4 trillion Korean won (KRW) in 2007 to 18.2 trillion KRW in 2017. The number of claimed ingredients and drug items also increased during the same period. In 2017, the market share of new drugs accounted for 10.3% of the total pharmaceutical expenditure, while original drugs and generic drugs accounted for 45.9% and 43.8%, respectively. The study reveals a slight decline in the market share of generics in the decade. Further sub-analyses based on formulation, medical center types, and the number of generic drugs provide additional insights into the market dynamics. These findings contribute to understanding the trends and implications of pharmaceutical expenditure and the role of generics in achieving sustainable development in national health insurance.
Fernando DURÁN LÓPEZ (coord.), «Tras las huellas de Torres Villarroel. Quince autores de almanaques literarios y didácticos del siglo XVIII», Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana / Vervuert, 2022, 681 págs.
Authors: Collantes Sánchez Carlos M.
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Carlos Javier IRISARRI MARTÍNEZ, «El arquitecto ilustrado: del oficio a la profesión», Madrid, Centro de Estudios Europa Hispánica, 2022, 271 págs.
Authors: González Santos Javier
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Rodrigo OLAY VALDÉS y Álvaro SOLANO FERNÁNDEZ-SORDO, «Los versos del Desembarco: cuatro poemas dieciochescos sobre Carlos de Gante en Villaviciosa», Villaviciosa, Ayuntamiento de Villaviciosa / Asociación Cultural Primer Desembarco, 2022, 165 págs.
Authors: Busto Cortina Juan Carlos
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Óscar RECIO MORALES, «Alejandro O’Reilly, Inspector General. Poder militar, familia y territorio en el reinado de Carlos III», Madrid, Sílex universidad, 2020, 514 págs.
Authors: Manzano Ledesma Fernando
Published: July 2023

Sin resumen.
Cinco inéditos de Jovellanos. Un informe para la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando y un oficio y tres censuras para el Consejo de Castilla
Authors: Díaz Álvarez Juan
Published: July 2023

La censura previa edición delegada por el gobierno a instituciones diversas y personas individuales adquiere una nueva dimensión desde el inicio del reinado de Carlos III. Este artículo da a conocer nuevos documentos en los que el ejercicio mencionado se pone de manifiesto en la figura de Jovellanos. Además, el ascenso de este personaje en el organigrama de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF), al ser nombrado consiliario desde mediados de la década de 1780, le obligará a desempeñar nuevas tareas tales como emitir informes, entre ellos el que damos a la luz y en que se justifica una secretaría para la Sección de Arquitectura de la entidad académica
Digital Financial Pyramids Through the Lens of Collective Expert Assessment
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Ryzhkova Marina V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kashapova Elmira R. ,   National Research Tomsk State University,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: July 2023

The process of digital transformation of fraudulent schemes includes the financial pyramids. The existence of financial pyramids dates back hundreds of year. The phenomenon is steadily reproducing, however, digitalization has given unprecedented opportunities for the organizers to avoid responsibility and additional properties of the schemes themselves, causing an explosive increase in the number of pyramids in recent years. The objective of the study is to understand, whether there is a phenomenon of “digital financial pyramid”, and if so, to identify the it’s criteria. We use a two-step research procedure. The first step is crowdsourcing as a collection of information about a sample of pyramids from the list of the Bank of Russia by volunteers. The second step is a brainstorming among participants who are interested in financial pyramids. The results of the study are rated lists of * methods of attracting participants by the organizers (by channels and content), * characteristics of a person who is a potential participant in financial pyramids, * attractive features of high-yield risky schemes, * reasons why participants in high-yield risky schemes lose their investments. Academic and practical experts in the financial field have verified the results.
War and Statistics
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch RAS, Fomin Dmitry A.
Published: July 2023

The article considers the modern statistical system as a historical result of the total mobilization of state and society resources to finance two world wars of the 20th century. It points out that the state income, inventories and help from allied countries are the sources to fund modern (total) wars. The statistics of the national income (goods) and national wealth was developed due to the need to quantify current financial flows and accumulated reserves. The article shows that statistics characterizing the economic, demographic, and resource potential of the state were no longer public during the war years. It became a tool for planning for wartime manufacturing and distributing the most valuable stocks. From a historical perspective, the modern Russian economy combines both the traditional pre-war and war economies. The uncertainty that has persisted over the past decades, including in the public statistics, is one of the reasons for the Russian slow military development and inefficient countermeasures against the Western sanctions. The author proposes a system of measures to improve the complete information secrecy of the Russian state and economy.
The impact of parenting difficulties on the depressive mood of employed single mothers: An analysis of the moderating effect of employment status
Authors:   center for social welfare research yonsei university, Yu Sujeong , Song In Han
Published: July 2023

As the proportion of female single-parent families has increased in Korea, recent research results show that single mothers with unstable jobs experience additional psychological problems due to their employment instability. Thus, this study examined the effects of parenting difficulties and employment status of employed single mothers with school-age children on their depressive mood and the moderating effect of employment status. Data from the Study on the Status of Single-Parent Families in 2018 (N=988) was analyzed by SPSS PROCESS macro V.4 model 1. The results show that higher levels of parenting difficulties and temporary employment resulted in higher levels of depressive mood, and there was a moderating effect of employment status. That is, the depression level of employed single mothers who experience parenting difficulties was found to be more serious depending on unstable employment status. Based on the results, the relationship among parenting difficulties, depressive mood and unstable employment status of employed single mothers was discussed. Also, social welfare policies and programs to improve the mental health of employed single mothers were suggested.
Atık Sulardan İzole Edilen Gram Negatif Bakterilerin Antibiyotik Direnç Profillerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Cora Merve , Durukan İnci , Uluçam Atay Gülşen , Kılıç Ali Osman
Published: July 2023

İnsan ve hayvanlardaki enfeksiyonların tedavisinde ve endüstride çeşitli amaçlarla yer alan antibiyotiklerin kullanımının artması çevresel ortamlarda antibiyotiğe dirençli bakterilerin ve direnç genlerinin daha sık tespit edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Su kenarındaki yerleşim yerlerinde atık sular arıtma işleminden sonra yakındaki sulara boşaltılmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda, sular patojen ve dirençli mikroorganizmalarla kirlenerek insan sağlığı için büyük bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Trabzon şehir merkezinden alınan atık su örneklerinden Gram negatif bakteriler izole edilerek antibiyotik direnç profillerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Atık sulardan alınan örnekler triptik soy agar ve eozin metilen mavisi besiyerlerine ekim yapılarak üreyen mikroorganizmalar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmaya Gram negatif 36 bakteri izolatı dahil edilmiştir. Bakterilerdeki direnç disk difüzyon yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Antimikrobiyal direnç saptanan mikroorganizmalar MALDI-TOF MS ve BD Phoenix otomatize mikrobiyoloji sistemi ile tanımlanarak otomatize sistem ile direnç profilleri çıkarılmıştır. Dirençli bakterilerde blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, integraz 1, integraz 2 ve integron varlığı PZR yöntemi ile araştırılarak bu genlerin aktarım mekanizmaları transformasyon ve konjugasyon deneyleri ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, antibiyotiklere dirençli izolatlarda Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamaz (GSBL) üretimi çift disk sinerji testi ile araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada 14 izolatta antibiyotik direnci olduğu, bir izolatta GSBL ve blaoxa varlığı tespit edilmiştir. İki izolatın plazmit taşıdığı ve bir izolatın ampisilin direncinin konjugatif plazmitle, kanamisin direncinin ise konjugatif olmayan bir plazmitle transforme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Direnç taşıyan bazı izolatlarda plazmit varlığının tespit edilmesi; antibiyotik direncinin atık sularda bulunan bakteriler arasında yayılabileceğini ve canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkiler olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Mobile Learning as an Educational Resource to Foster Motivation
Authors: Manjarrés Ríos Olga Lucía , Palencia González Sandra Marina , Piedrahita González Niky Alexandra
Published: July 2023

Motivation plays a pivotal role when learning a foreign language. It is a relevant factor in determining the willingness of students to learn. This documentary research is aimed at analyzing previous studies regarding the motivation of university students at an intermediate level to learn English as a foreign language (EFL thereafter) using Mobile Learning (also known as M-Learning). This study focused on how mobile learning is used and approached in English classes as well as its influence on students' motivation. This body of information effectively showed that Mobile Learning and its implementation in English lessons contribute to increasing students’ motivation. This type of learning will not replace teachers, but it can become an innovative resource through the current and emerging mobile educational applications.
Parents, children, and electronic games: Analyzing the formation path and countermeasures of contradictions
Authors: Gao Biao , Liao Feiyu , Xie Huiqin
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explore the relationship between electronic games, children, and parents, as well as the issue of parental prejudice towards games. While society’s attitude towards electronic games has become more rational and inclusive, many parents still hold a negative attitude toward their children’s exposure to games. Existing literature focuses more on studying games addiction behavior or its characteristics, neglecting society’s deep-seated contradictions. Therefore, this study starts with the characteristics and needs of electronic games, children, and parents and first applies the concept of expectation bias to analyze and explain the contradictions between parents, children, and games. The needs of parents and children have given rise to their respective expectations for electronic games. Still, due to their misunderstandings about games, there has been a deviation in expectations, leading to conflicts between parents and children. Based on the conclusion, this study aims to help parents view their children’s exposure to electronic games more rationally and provide corresponding solutions and strategies.
Alphabet primer as mother tongue-based multilingual education supplementary instructional material
Authors: Lear Melanie F.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to develop MTB-MLE instructional material such as alphabet primer for the use of Grade 1 pupils in Iyakan language and to test its effectiveness. 100 pupils (Grade 1) participated in the study from a selected public elementary school in a particular city and province in Mindanao, Philippines. The study used a one-group pre-test-post-test design where the worksheets were taken from the Iyakan Alphabet Primer as instruments. Experts in mother-tongue education and members of the community validated and critiqued the alphabet primer. The results of the study demonstrated that the alphabet primer may be tailored to meet the needs of students at the Grade 1 level. Word identification, alphabet knowledge, spelling knowledge, and handwriting are all areas where the learners have shown substantial improvement. The findings suggest that the mother-tongue alphabet primer has potential as a means of raising students’ achievement. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the developed alphabet primer book be used as a supplementary resource for teachers of MTB-MLE with the Iyakan language as L1, that additional teaching guides be created to support teachers in the classroom, that more instructional materials in the first or local languages be created and used in the classrooms, and that the alphabet primer be translated into other dialects or languages in the city or province to maximize their use.
The Socio-spatial stratagems of human capital development in the Southern Federal Districts of Russia
Authors: Mabiala G. , Linskiy D. V. , Maslich E. A. , Bairakova I. V. , Romaniuk E. V.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:is to substantiate promising strategies for sustainable development of human capital in the current conditions of the demographic crisis on the basis of scientific generalization of key social and spatial aspects of the formation, use and accumulation of human capital.Methods:the application of expert-rating methods based on the Lorentz curve and the Gini index to determine the reasons for the disparities in personal income is done in addition to the use of conventional and specific approaches.Results: the research examines the existing situation of human capital and defines strategic means of promoting its growth. The findings of the analysis of trends in human development parameters, which are one of the factors ensuring macroeconomic growth and competitiveness in the South Federal Districts of Russia and should be based on various socio-spatial development strategies, are presented. A self-sufficient socio-spatial-economic system and human capital, which provide competitive advantages, are the foundations of sustainable economic development. The key factors influencing the state of human capital and the trends of its integral indicators show low rates of socio-spatial development.Conclusions and Relevance:the research findings revealed certain negative tendencies in human capital indicators, which point to the necessity for rethinking and additional inventive adjustments to the system of social and spatial management. The work-out of mechanisms for the regulation of imbalances in its development, reversing trends in the narrowing of the labour market, developing socio-spatial programs for institutional support and regulation of labour migration, and spatial human development are among the strategies for human capital that are proposed as the top priorities
Islamic and Conventional Banking: A Comparison of Financial Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Safarda Resfauzi Norma , Wahyudi Rofiul , Mubarok Ferry Khusnul
Published: July 2023

The research aims to compare the financial performance of Islamic banks with conventional banks during the covid-19 pandemic. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique and obtained 3 Islamic banks and 3 conventional banks. The data analysis technique is descriptive statistical analysis and to answer the proposed hypothesis using the technique of independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney. Meanwhile, the CAR, NPF/NPL, and FDR/LDR ratios have no difference. Analysis showed that Islamic banks performed better in Capital Adequacy Ratio and Financing to Deposit Ratio. Conventional banks had a better performance from Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Non-Performing Loan, Operating Costs, and Operating Income.
The Impact of Industrial Era 4.0 and Social Media Marketing on Zakat Payments: A Study of E-Commerce and Online Applications by Zakat Institutions Bogor
Authors: Renaldy Ardyan , Mas'udi Moh.
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the potential of the 4.0 era and the influence of social media marketing activity on online zakat payments through e-commerce and online applications for zakat institutions in terms of the opinions and knowledge of the people of Bogor Regency and City. The data collection technique was done through direct interviews with 35 respondents aged 17-55. The determination of respondents used a purposive sampling technique. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires online to respondents, and secondary data was brought based on a literature review. The data analysis was conducted by collecting information from primary and secondary data and then processed to the drawing conclusion. The results of the study show that some people who choose to pay Zakat online have several reasons, such as still wanting to empower the surrounding environment, so to pay Zakat maal, they prefer to pay offline because they can also stay in touch with neighbors and amil zakat. But many of them agree and support the use of social media marketing activity because it is easier and more practical to implement.
Exploring SPACs: Considerations for Latin American and Caribbean Entrepreneurs about Special Purpose Acquisition Companies
Authors: Lucas Coraline , Rodríguez Sebastián , Sánchez Fernando , Buitrago José
Published: July 2023

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) can offer great advantages for companies planning on going public, including shortening times compared with conventional pathways to initial public offerings (IPOs). But SPACs can also present many risks, including subpar returns to investors and incomplete deals. Recently, SPACs have gained great media attention as markets saw a SPAC bubble boom and bust between 2020 and 2023, regulatory updates, and changing views about the value of SPACs.
Connexa: No. 18: Junio, 2023: síntesis de información y datos sobre integración y comercio
Authors:   Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe
Published: July 2023

En esta edición de Connexa se analiza la evolución del sector externo de América Latina y el Caribe, distinguiendo el impacto diferenciado de los precios y la demanda real. Asimismo, se incluyen algunos indicadores que buscan dimensionar el impacto de la regulación sobre los flujos de bienes, capitales y personas, como la actualización del reglamento técnico del MERCOSUR sobre productos farmacéuticos, la existencia de regímenes especiales de comercio en Centroamérica, las medidas ambientales de la UE y el Acuerdo de Residencia del MERCOSUR. Otros aspectos cubiertos en esta edición abordan temas centrales para la estrategia de inserción de largo plazo de la región, como su rol en la seguridad alimentaria global y los desafíos en el ámbito de la infraestructura digital. Finalmente, se presentan los últimos avances en las negociaciones comerciales, tanto a nivel regional como global; y se detallan las agendas más recientes de los esquemas de integración de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC).
Tras un eslabón perdido
Authors: Larragueta Marta , Ceballos-Viro Ignacio
Published: July 2023

Se presenta un estudio acerca de las diferencias entre los estudiantes del grado de Maestro de Educación Infantil y los maestros de Educación Infantil en lo relativo a hábitos lectores y actitud hacia la literatura infantil. Mediante un cuestionario a 214 estudiantes y a 318 maestros, se apreciaron notables desigualdades en los resultados, a favor de los maestros en ejercicio. Los maestros afirmaron leer más, acudir más a bibliotecas y librerías, estar mejor informados a través de internet sobre la literatura infantil, y participar más en formación voluntaria sobre el tema. Poniendo estos datos en relación con las investigaciones previas sobre la formación literaria de los futuros maestros, se plantean interrogantes fundamentales acerca de su itinerario universitario, que deben ser resueltas a la luz de lo que nos pueda aportar la práctica profesional en la etapa de Educación Infantil.
Numerical Study of Ammonia Spray with a GDI Engine Injector
Authors: Zembi Jacopo , Battistoni Michele , Pandal Adrial , Rousselle Christine , Pelè Ronan , Brequigny Pierre , Hespel Camille
Published: July 2023

With the aim of expanding the knowledge on liquid ammonia sprays, this paper investigates the injection process of ammonia through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the Lagrangian particle method, within the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach for turbulence modeling. Numerical results and experimental data are compared in terms of liquid and vapor tip penetration, local values of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and global spray morphology. This model validation process allows to build a predictive simulation framework for ammonia injection. In order to explore also the flash boiling phenomenon, results of CFD simulations of ammonia spray and the comparison with experimental data are presented for different conditions, ranging from non-flashing regimes to flash boiling conditions. Breakup model constants need to be markedly tuned for each regime, and established values for traditional fuels, like gasoline, appear not to work well with ammonia. Ultimately, this study highlights that capturing spray local details (such as local SMD values) across all the regimes with a single model or setup is still challenging, especially with a new fuel such as ammonia, whose properties differ by a large amount from more established values for hydrocarbons.
Investigation of NO Production and Flame Structures in Ammonia-Hydrogen Flames
Authors: Cosway Ben , Talibi Dr. Midhat , Balachandran Prof. Ramanarayanan
Published: July 2023

Ammonia/hydrogen fuel blends have recently emerged as a promising solution to the de-carbonization of the energy and transport sectors. However, concerns over performance and, more importantly, NOx emissions have impeded their progress so far. Before effective NOx mitigation strategies can be developed, the fundamental chemical mechanisms involved in NOx production in NH3/H2 flames must be well understood. Although NOx formation in hydrocarbons and the oxidative processes involved in NH3 combustion have been well studied, there is a significant lack of such information for NH3/H2 flames. Key insights on NO formation mechanisms and flame structures for NH3/H2 mixtures are required to develop and improve chemical kinetic models. In this work, laminar Bunsen NH3/H2 flames with 65/35 NH3/H2 volume fraction were tested at two equivalence ratios (rich and lean). For all test conditions, the adiabatic flame temperature was kept constant. Measurements of simultaneous OH/NO-PLIF and OH-PLIF/chemiluminescence (of NH*, NH2* and OH*) were conducted and compared to computational results of four reaction mechanisms (available in literature) applicable to NH3/H2 flames. The maximum OH-PLIF signal gradient was used as a spatial reference point for each simultaneous measurement and one-dimensional line profiles were determined for each species of interest. The simultaneous OH/NO-PLIF images show that the NO signal intensity in the NH3/H2 flames were up to 100 times more than a CH4 reference flame. OH* and NH* chemiluminescence results showed a good spatial correlation with the maximum OH-PLIF signal gradient for both test conditions. NH* also showed a positive correlation with the computed HRR values from lean to rich, indicating it is a promising candidate for direct HRR measurement but warrants further investigation over a wide range of equivalence and mixture ratios. The results also indicate that all the mechanisms underestimate the profile widths of the measured species. Similarly, the experimental results showed a much higher relative increase in NH2 production from lean to rich compared to the computed profiles. The data analysis approach employed in this paper, based on simultaneous measurements, could be further used for optimizing chemical kinetics mechanisms for NH3/H2 flames.
The impact of Covid-19 on Nigerian food systems
Authors:   Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Nicholas-Okpara VAN , Utazi IA ,   Abia State University, Adegboyega M , Ezeanyanaso CS , Ita B , Ubaka AJ
Published: July 2023

The Nigerian food system is facing major challenges with high population growth, a high number of people living in extreme poverty, rapid urbanization, and stagnating agricultural productivity. Socioeconomic status is a key indicator of the Nigerian food system. This paper aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on Nigerian food systems. These reviews were obtained from white papers written by organizations like the United Nations (UN), and other studies on food systems, agriculture, and the socioeconomic status of Nigerians concerning the COVID-19 pandemic were reviewed. In recent years, the world has recorded several incidences of disasters that have disrupted the food system, leading to evidence of food insecurity. The most recent is the outbreak of COVID-19, which is more than just a disease. It resulted in the combined disruption of global economic and social stability. The food system and all that is dependent on it were severely affected by COVID-19. The global situation of poverty and malnutrition was exacerbated as a result of the direct and indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a phone interview, it was recorded that 37% of Nigerian households experienced a drastic drop in income, pushing many to the brink or into the threshold of poverty. Many of the Nigerians interviewed agreed that the quantity and quality of their diet had diminished in comparison to the same period in the previous year. Another survey in Nigeria reported that 23.8% of its respondents reduced the portion of their meals, 20.8% reduced their frequency from 3 to 2 meals per day, and 13.8% substituted highly nutritious foods with less nutritious and cheaper ones to cope with hunger during the Pandemic. To cushion the impact of COVID-19 on Nigeria's food systems, there is a need to reinforce the existing incentives for restructuring Nigeria's economy away from reliance on oil. Further, remittances from other countries would also contribute towards the development of local sectors such as agriculture and food manufacturing companies, which can generate employment and feed Nigeria’s growing population. Also, the development of the agro-food system will necessitate investments in research and rural infrastructure. In this way, federal and state policies can aid recovery from COVID-19 and help Nigeria build more resilient food systems. Key words: COVID-19, Pandemic, Nigeria, Food systems, Agriculture, Food security, Food safety, Socio-economic impact
Assessment of maize production system during the Covid-19 pandemic in Rwanda: Case study of Kigali City Region
Authors:   University of Rwanda, Dushimimana D , Vasanthakalaam H , Karangwa A
Published: July 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a major transformation in the food system globally including in Rwanda. This research identified and assessed the status and structure of the maize production system in the Kigali city region before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods adopted for this study include both quantitative and qualitative methods using primary data obtained from the participants’ interview and focus group discussions, the secondary data were obtained from national institute of statistics of Rwanda (NISR). While production, processing, distribution and consumption are the four parts of the maize production system, the study only focused on the production system. The sample size for the study was 256 respondents who were maize production system actors from the Kigali city region. The study showed that before the COVID-19 pandemic, the prize of dried maize was significantly influenced by the cost of diammonium phosphate (DAP) (p=0.000), the source of the irrigating scheme (p=0.008), being a cooperative member (p=0.000) and marital status (p=0.002). During the pandemic, DAP (p=0.109) was absent at market due to lockdowns, and farmers did not access it. Maize farmers-built responses of resilience, persistence, adaptation, transformation, and persistence to encounter the consequences of the lockdowns. Innovative responses to shortage of maize- input stocks, and poor imports were presented, which represented 26.66% of resilient responses adopted by farmers. The innovative responses to labor shortage with farm workers` migration to their home provinces before and during the implementation of containment measures were 20%. Resilience built against the absence of extension services due to restricted movements was 13.33%. Reactions to restricted movement to and from fields, and adaptation to COVID-19 pandemic containing measures were 26.66 %, while reaction to the shortage of dried -maize at the market, which shortened the maize production cycle was 13.33%. Apart from maize production, more than half of the maize selling system were women 51.61%. Women in raw maize processing were 67.67% with a 100% level of university. Key words: COVID-19, food systems, city region, resilience, aflatoxin, maize production system, Kigali
Interferometric Method to Control the Convex Aspherical Surface Shape using a Concentric Meniscus Lens
Authors: Nguyen X.C. , Druzhin V.V.
Published: July 2023

Convex aspherical surfaces are being increasingly used as elements of the high-precision optical devices for various purposes. Complexity in such surfaces manufacture is because the existing methods of their shape control with the optical accuracy of about 20--30 nm require introduction of the auxiliary reference optical elements, which dimensions are several times larger than those of the controlled part are. The paper proposes the autocollimation control method using a concentric meniscus lens with dimensions slightly exceeding the dimensions of the controlled part. Results of calculating the control circuit design parameters are presented based on the theory of the third-order aberrations. Effect of the refractive index and thickness of a concentric meniscus lens on the maximum and root-mean-square deviations of the surface shape with various requirements to concentric meniscus lens radii was considered, and the developed scheme simulation in the Zemax soft-ware was also proposed. The Fizeau interferometer optical scheme was described using a lens with the reference surface to implement the developed method. Applied research was carried out to control the secondary mirrors of the Ritchie --- Chretien telescope at the Hoa Lak Observatory (Vietnam) and of the SNAP satellite telescope
Justification of the Application of the Lost-Wax Casting Method in Order-Based Multi-Nomenclature Production
Authors: Dolgov V.A. , Nikishechkin P.A. , Dolgov N.V.
Published: July 2023

It proposes classification of the manufactured wax models based on using standard and special technological equipment, i.e., the molds. Two groups of wax models were formed: unique and universal. The lost-wax casting method of models produced by a combined method that included production of the universal wax models in standard molds and unique ones --- by the method of additive technologies appeared to obtain significant application potential in the demonstrative multi-nomenclature production. Time relationships in the technological cycles of lost-wax casting obtained by the traditional method in molds and the combined method are revealed. Calculations of technological cycles for manufacturing the lost-wax castings by traditional and combined methods are provided. Ambiguity in selection of the manufacturing method for different batches of castings is shown due to the ratio of the technological preparation duration in production of the unique wax models, manufacture in the molds and printing. It is demonstrated that to produce a batch of 1100 castings, it is rational to obtain wax models using the combined method; however, for a batch of 1200 castings, it is rational to obtain universal and unique wax models using the traditional method in the molds. Cyclograms are provided for the casting batches under consideration. Main criteria for selecting a method for obtaining wax models in the demonstrative multi-nomenclature production are described