bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coercive Impact of Federal Grants: COPS Grants and the Diffusion of the Community Policing Philosophy
Authors: Phillips Scott W. , Gayadeen S. Marlon
Published: August 2014

The diffusion of an innovation occurs when it is communicated to other organisations or markets. This study employs institutional theory, focusing on coercive isomorphism, to examine the diffusion of the community policing philosophy via federal funding from the US Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing. Data was derived from the FAST grant programme designated for the hiring of police officers serving smaller jurisdictions. Findings reported that less than half of the possible organisational field accessed a FAST grant, indicating a modest impact of coercive efforts via COPS grants. In addition, while the bulk of FAST grants were awarded during the earliest stages of the grant programme, analysis indicates this behaviour is not what would be expected. Consequently, while most grants were awarded quickly, institutional or occupational isomorphism was not achieved with regard to diffusing the community policing philosophy via a federal grant programme.
The Affective Domain and Police Values Education: Is the Former Used to Convey the Latter in Support of the National Decision Model?
Authors: Lax Morgan
Published: August 2014

This small-scale case study investigates how the affective domain of learning is used by police trainers to incorporate the values of a small UK police force into training. The affective domain is an educational theory which focuses on learning with a feeling tone; for example: attitudes, values and emotions. There are two branches to this research, the first is how the affective domain is used with the Learning & Development Department (LDD) of a UK police force; the second is the extent to which the values of the force feature in training within the LDD. These branches are then brought together to consider whether the values of this force are actively conveyed throughout training by using the affective domain of learning. The research suggests that the affective domain is used in training, but mainly to illustrate the importance of the training being delivered, with a view to increasing motivation and learning. The values of the force are present in the Learning & Development Department, but only in so far as they are prevalent on posters and coincidentally in practice. There is acquiescence in responding to the values of the organisation, but inculcation of them is limited.
The later-McLuhan’s dialogue with the church
Authors: Chrystall Andrew B.
Published: August 2014

This article provides a retrospective of the later-McLuhan’s dialogue with the Christian community and seeks to demonstrate how one facet of McLuhan’s enterprise was orientated towards enabling the Church to perform a media ecological role as an anti-environment in the era of ‘discarnate man [sic]’. The value of this retrospective is, primarily, historical. This case study of media ecological praxis provides a fresh perspective on McLuhan’s procedure of organizing ignorance for discovery, how he managed his dramatis personae, and offers a nuanced portrait of McLuhan as a figure who was in touch with the Church and sought the new via calculated translation, transposition and transformation of the old into the living present.
Rua Augusta and Carnaby Street: The street as a setting for youth sociability in the 1960s
Authors: Zimmermann Maíra
Published: August 2014

This article discusses the creation of youth culture in the 1960s, focusing on the meaning of the urban space as a place of sociability for the youth of the day. The streets that were centres of youth sociability and culture in the 1960s, as Rua Augusta in São Paulo and Carnaby Street, the nucleus of the effervescence then called Swinging London, are the core of this analysis, and a comparison is drawn between both places. In Brazil, the establishment of youth culture is also related to the development of consumer habits and the occupation of an urban space. Rua Augusta constituted a locale for this growing public in the city of São Paulo. In the middle of the Jardins district, this commercial street was a scene of freedom, and used to be closed off on Saturdays, when it would turn into a sort of a boulevard. This street acted as a showcase for a new sociability and a space where youth could coexist, nourishing recognition and identity.
The genesis of the Brazilian fashion magazine and fashion editorial (1827–1851)
Authors: Silva Ana Cláudia Suriani da
Published: August 2014

This article focuses on the periodicals with fashion content published in Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the nineteenth century: O Espelho Diamantino (1827–1828), A Mulher do Simplício (1832–1846), Correio das Modas (1839–1840), O Gosto (1843), Espelho Fluminense (1843), and O Martinho (1851). First it discusses the rise of Brazilian fashion magazines against the background of the development in Rio de Janeiro of the printing and clothes industries. Second, by examining the section ‘Modas’/‘Fashions’ against the pictorial and other textual contents of the above-mentioned periodicals, it presents the principal characteristics of the first Brazilian fashion magazines and establishes the origins of the Brazilian fashion editorial as a journalistic genre.
Zigzagging with Ronaldo Fraga’s world-clothes
Authors: Mesquita Cristiane
Published: August 2014

This article discusses the path of the creations of Brazilian designer Ronaldo Fraga in conjunction with the concepts of territory, authorship, politics and game, as conceived of by the philosopher Gilles Deleuze and the psychoanalyst Felix Guattari. Reference is also made to excerpts from writers and poets who are themselves the objects of Fraga’s investigation. To this end, this article briefly explores various aspects of the designer’s collections, from his first, launched in 1996, until the 2012 catwalk show.
Fur as fashion in America
Authors: Strege Gayle
Published: August 2014

Animal skins and furs are some of the earliest clothing items worn by humankind and the practicality of their toughness and warmth is one of the reasons why they are still worn today. Beyond its practical use, fur acquired the added appeal of decoration and luxury throughout fashion history, and its wearers, criticism via accusations of ostentation. With the rise in the late nineteenth century of a middle class with economic means, greater demand for luxury fashions such as fur ensued. To meet market and fashion trend demands, overharvesting of fur species led to rapid declines in animal populations. This in turn resulted in industry regulations protecting endangered species and domestic farming of fur animals. Aggressive activities of animal rights organizations in the late twentieth century resulted in devastating consequences for indigenous economies dependant on fur hunting. These peoples in turn organized to counter misinformation and promote fur as the ultimate natural fibre contrasted to fake furs that are petroleum by-products with their own harmful environmental harvesting issues.
Exhibition Review
Authors: Alaszkiewicz Paula
Published: August 2014

Coco Chanel: A New Portrait by Marion Pike, Paris 1967–71 Fashion Space Gallery, London, 5 September–15 November, 2013
Nollywood’s aporias part 1: Gatemen
Authors: Mboti Nyasha
Published: August 2014

Nigerian video films are distinct for the way in which they have apparently revolutionized – and then standardized – the portrayal of everyday social worlds. Many scripts routinely place ordinary men and women at the centre of the unfolding of everyday-world stories. However, the character of the gateman – as that of the okada rider and the market woman, among others – in ‘generic’ Nigerian movies is surprisingly underdeveloped. Gatemen in Nigerian video films are constantly not shown. Their recurring function is to open and close gates, allowed here and there to say a few words in response to the oga or madam’s questions. They seldom speak when not spoken to. This article draws attention to the aporetic structured absences in Nollywood films and Nollywood film criticism, specifically the parts played and not played by gate-men. It argues that the non-portrayal of the everyday worlds of gatemen – beyond opening and closing gates – suggests that Nollywood movies and Nollywood theorists are yet to fully evolve a ‘thinking’ and re-thinking of everyday social worlds in terms that specifically call into question hierarchy and what-is. The article uses the figure of the gateman to present semi-theoretical reflections by a non-Nigerian African, reflecting on the reading of gaps in the generic Nollywood film. Its purpose is less an exploration of Nigerian socio-politics as a polemical theoretical reflection on exigencies of method.
Active audiences of Nollywood video-films: An experience with a Bukusu audience community in Chwele market of Western Kenya
Authors: Waliaula Solomon
Published: August 2014

This article explores the distinctively heuristic approach to Nollywood video-films used by a Bukusu-speaking audience community in Chwele Market, Western Kenya. As this audience views video-films on witchcraft in particular – which tend to be very popular – the reception process becomes remarkably dialogic. The process illuminates the audience’s adaptation of the video-films into their sociocultural world. Most important is that this audience seems to not only relish, but speak back to, representations of magical power, especially as it is symbolized by snakes and women. I have argued that as they speak back to the visual images and narrative representations they not only reflect on and ‘speak back’ to critical aspects of their society and culture but also illuminate the cultural assumptions and ideological positions informing the iconography and social imagination of the video-films. Furthermore, this ‘speaking back’ takes the form of storytelling, in which the audience spontaneously generates oral narratives that sometimes diverge from and other times converge with the video-film’s content. I have further argued that the reception experience can be perceived as a medium of oral performance, and in this light I have explored the use of various formal characteristics of oral performance such as the use of symbolism, imagery, irony and hyperbole during a screening of Snake Girl I (Umeasor, 2008). It is significant that these formal stylistic features are appropriated from the visual and narrative form of the video-film and reconstructed in a manner that creates an exchange between, on the one hand, their screen representation and, on the other, the way in which the audience uses them in their reception stories. Also significant is the ‘dialogue’ at the level of imagery and symbolism between what is represented in the video-film and the one that the audiences have been socialized into. In the end, I have argued that the process of Nollywood video-film audience reception I observed at Chwele Market of Western Kenya can be read as the adaptation of the audience reception experience to fit in the frame of an oral performance.
Audience pleasure and Nollywood popularity in Uganda: An assessment
Authors: Dipio Dominica
Published: August 2014

Since the mid 1990s, Nigerian movies have become part of the entertainment media across Africa and beyond. In this article I assess the popularity of Nigerian movies as reflected in the weekly TV programming in Uganda, and in recent years, its dominance in ‘video halls’. Nollywood’s popularity has continued despite competing TV serials and soaps from Latin America, the Philippines and Hollywood. The comparative popularity of this genre, in the context of Uganda, is due to the interventions of the video jockeys (VJs), who appropriate and ‘rewrite’ the films as they simultaneously translate them into local languages for the benefit of non-English-speaking audiences in specific contexts of viewing the movies. As I analyse the reasons for the continued longevity and popularity of Nollywood, I focus on the demographic features of the audiences. Focus group discussions and keynote interviews were used to understand the popularity patterns among the various social groups. Participant observation was also crucial in my interpretation of audience viewing strategies. Notwithstanding competition from other genres, Nigerian movies continue to strike a strong cord with Ugandan audiences, especially among the lower income brackets. These committed audiences have appropriated and ‘owned’ Nollywood enough to challenge it to get better to ensure their continued adherence to it. I use, in synergy, the ‘active audience’ idea espoused in Uses and Gratifications theory, Alessandro Jedlowski’s concept of Nollywood as a dynamic hybrid between cinema and television and Joseph Straubhaar’s idea of cultural proximity as one of the principles guiding audience’s preference of media.
More pixels, less vision: Unraveling the politics of HDTV in the Netherlands
Authors: Baaren Eva , Müller Eggo , Huizer Erik
Published: August 2014

tThis article studies the policy of the Dutch government regarding the introduction of HDTV in the Netherlands. Utilizing a literature study and interviews with government officials, it shows that government choices are not always in line with the official neo-liberal policy, but are
partly based on non-ideological,pragmatic or organizational factors. The findings of this case study challenge the presumption that policy choices made by government officials are based on rational and strategic considerations.
Africa is pushing ahead in the race for 700 MHz
Authors: Stirling Andrew
Published: August 2014

This article attempts to illuminate the story behind the African push to allow mobile broadband into the 700 MHz band, which caught European policy-makers off-guard, at the World Radio Conference. It aims to show why African policy-makers have more to gain and less to restrain them,
than their European counterparts have.
Reviews
Authors: Donders Karen , Taylor Gregory , Joye Stijn
Published: August 2014

Public Service Broadcasting Online: A Comparative European Policy Study of PSB 2.0, Benedetta Brevini (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 216 pp., ISBN: 9781137295095, h/bk, £50.

The Digital Television Revolution: Origins to Outcomes, Michael Starks (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 272 pp., ISBN: 9781137273345, h/bk, £50.

The Global News Challenge: Market Strategies of International Broadcasting Organizations in Developing Countries, Anne Geniets (2013) New York: Routledge, 188 pp., ISBN: 9780415640664, h/bk, £85.
Talking about Angelina – celebrity gossip on the Internet
Authors: Jerslev Anne
Published: August 2014

The article uses gossiping about Angelina Jolie on two different celebrity entertainment news sites in order to propose a contextual understanding of online gossip/talk. A contextual reading explains differences between types of talk on the sites in view of the different affordances of the sites, the sites’ particular profiles, the particular invitations to gossip (often in the form of paparazzi photographs), and the different types of users taking part in the discussions. The article discusses the two sites and argues that gossip on one site resembles oral gossip and is performed by a random group of visitors whereas on the other site, Jolie fans perform a double move when talking about Jolie: on the one hand they elevate her and on the other hand they include her in their extended family.
Cross-platform television: Superliveness, metadiscourse and complex audience orientation in a sports journalism production on the web
Authors: Lundell Åsa Kroon
Published: August 2014

This article presents a close analysis of interactions in cross-media formats with a specific focus on how television ‘is done’ on the web by established sports broadcasters who are used to producing traditional sports television. It will be argued that the web platform promotes significantly altered audience-oriented behaviours compared to traditional television, and that the web ultimately both calls for and produces a new kind of sociability in relation to audiences. It will be proposed in the discussion that this new kind of sociability will have an increasing impact also on how traditional television ‘is done’. The article makes use of data from the sports genre that is normally associated with ‘lighter entertainment’. Therefore the results may not be immediately applicable to how other types of journalistic genres tackle the communicative challenges of new media. However, it will be argued that sports journalism may well be thought of as a frontrunner when it comes to adapting to increasingly ‘sociable’ communicative modes of address. The analysis of web interactions focuses around three overarching audience orientations that are promoted in the web context: superliveness, metadiscourse and complex audience orientation(s). Taken together, these orientations constitute ‘a new kind of sociability’.
A telephone between us: Enabling/disabling talk on P4 i P1’s phone-in Tværs
Authors: Abildgaard Mette Simonsen
Published: August 2014

This article presents a study of the Danish phone-in radio programme Tværs over the 1973–1996 period, during which Tværs was a part of the popular youth programme P4 i P1. It explores the character of talk on Tværs with a focus on the way talk was enabled or disabled. The study is based on a large sample comprising 167.5 hours of audio material from P4 i P1. A curated selection of empirical material from the sample, in which distinctive enablers and disablers for talk on Tværs were displayed, was chosen through systematic coding. In a qualitative analysis of this range of examples from Tværs’ mediated telephone conversations, the study identifies four main enablers/disablers for talk on Tværs (the host, the telephone, time and distance) and explores the conditions for listener access to the phone-in as shaped by these factors. Additionally, the article critically questions these conditions in relation to Tværs’ own self-understanding as presented by its hosts Tine Bryld and Emil Klausbøl.
Talking with TV shows: Simultaneous conversations between users and producers in the second-screen television production Voice
Authors: Laursen Ditte , Sandvik Kjetil
Published: August 2014

User interaction with radio and television programmes is not a new thing. However, with new cross-media production concepts such as X Factor and Voice, this is changing dramatically. The second-screen logic of these productions encourages viewers, along with TV’s traditional one-way communication mode, to communicate on interactive (dialogue-enabling) devices such as laptops, smartphones and tablets. Using the TV show Voice as our example, this article shows how the technological and situational set-up of the production invites viewers to engage in new ways of interaction and communication. More specifically, the article demonstrates how online comments posted on the day of Voice’s 2012 season finale can be grouped into four basic action types: (1) Invitation to consume content, (2) Request for participation, (3) Request for collaboration and (4) Online commenting. These action types express on the one hand the way in which Voice addresses its audience (i.e. through traditional one-way, one-to-many communication) and on the other hand the ways in which viewers respond by participating and collaborating (i.e., through two-way, one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many communication).
Sherlock fans talk: Mediatized talk on tumblr
Authors: Petersen Line Nybro
Published: August 2014

In this article I propose that we can understand talk and conversation in Sherlock (2010) fandom on the micro-blogging site tumblr in three ways: (1) talk through appropriation, (2) talk through interpretation and (3) talk through imitation, and that we can see these through examples of mediatized talk. Sherlock is a popular 90-minute BBC TV series about Arthur Conan Doyle’s famous detective, Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, John Watson, in a contemporary setting. I apply mediatization theory to analyse how specific media logic and affordances shape the way in which fans talk and interact on this social media platform. Furthermore, the analysis includes theory from fan studies and audience studies in order to understand the cultural logic of fan communities, as mediatization is understood as a non-linear, dual process of transformation. Fans use textual narratives, fan-made narratives, popular memes and role playing when carrying out conversations. When these fan practices are intersected with the media logic and affordances of tumblr, conversations become complex, textually layered and use a variety of technological expressions, and, as such, these conversations become mediatized.
In the Shadow of No Towers: The anxiety of expression and images of past trauma in Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel
Authors: Findlay Laura
Published: August 2014

This article will examine the anxiety of expression and images of past trauma in Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel In the Shadow of No Towers (2004) and its connection to Maus I and Maus II (1986 and 1991). It will analyse the strategies that Spiegelman adopts to deal with trauma, and the problems of representing complex events and narratives. Maus and In the Shadow of No Towers have at their core an anxiety of about the nature of expression; the need to represent the event and the resulting trauma while acknowledging the impossibility of ever fully communicating it. This raises some questions about relations between the present and the past in these texts and the use of highly emotive imagery to make personal and political points about the aftermath of 9/11.
Reviews
Authors: Davies Paul Fisher , Marrone Daniel , Sipp Geo , Dawe Ian
Published: August 2014

The Visual Language of Comics, Neil Cohn (2013) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 221 pp., ISBN: 9781441170545, h/bk, £75, ISBN: 9781441181459, p/bk, £24.99

Narrative Structure in Comics: Making Sense of Fragments, Barbara Postema (2013) Rochester Institute of Technology Press, 188 pp., ISBN 9781933360959, p/bk, $29.95

Superheroes in Crisis: Adjusting to Social Change in the 1960s and 1970s, Jeffrey K. Johnson (2014) Rochester Institute of Technology Press, 142 pp, ISBN 9781933360805, p/bk, $29.95

A Review of the Illustration, Comics and Animation Conference at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA, 28 February–2 March

Southwest Popular Culture Association, Albuquerque New Mexico, 19–22 February 2014
‘Graphic Resurgence’: The return of the early Gothic comic strip in trans-medial discourse
Authors: Jones David Annwn
Published: August 2014

Though those types of publications that are popularly called the Gothic comic book and Gothic graphic novel comprise one of the graphic medium’s most successful genres and, though celebrated examples of the work such as Neil Gaiman’s creations and David Finch’s Batman The Dark Knight series (2012–) have begun to feature amongst topics for Gothic Studies conferences and anthologies, there seems as yet to be considerable critical amnesia about the genre’s origins, the nineteenth-century sequential strip in general and their relations with contemporaneous Gothic publications. This study starts with a comparison of the depiction of a monstrous Gothic anti-hero in a narrative strip from the late 1840s with a similar celebrated figure from a 1990s Goth publication as a way of questioning assumptions about the exclusively formative role of American 1950s comic books in this context. This study then provides both a general overview of a vast and often overlooked field of graphic production pre-1900 and, in places, a frame-by-frame analysis of groundbreaking graphic techniques used by Gothic nineteenth-century artists. As well as discussing works as various as Joseph Franz von Götz’s Lenardo and Blandine (1783), Gustave Doré’s History of Holy Russia (1854), the Gothic graphic art of William Makepeace Thackeray and Rodolph Töpffer, Wilhelm Busch and G. Montbard’s The Legend of John Belin (1874), my study seeks to reinstate the importance of these works of Gothic sequential visual art in relation to recent graphic novels and starts to define exciting possibilities for a synergetic interface between Comic Strip Studies and Gothic Studies.
Deep histories of the new world: Oral tradition and the fluid human mind
Authors: Kelley-Galin Deborah
Published: August 2014

Focusing, in part, on the influence of Jurassic-era seas on the philosophical beliefs of the Hopi and Zuni cultures of the American Southwest, the article investigates the fluid cognitive processes of the human mind and methodically investigates the presence of historical content in works from oracy-based peoples. Formal analyses of the embedded data encoded in historical oral narratives are provided and are based on Barber and Barber’s mytho-linguistic framework. The application of Roger C. Echo-Hawk’s methodology for the assessment of narrative works that can contribute to cultural affiliation in consultations relating to the Native American Graves Protection Repatriation Act is considered as a possible model for similar change in the areas of assessing the relevance of material culture. The necessity of creating a similar critical framework for evaluations of the visual arts of ancient pre-historic era in the United States in keeping with the trend in narrative studies is discussed in support of the development of ‘period eye’ perspectives on which future objective studies may be based. The valid contexts an approximated period eye perspective can provide for more authentic replications of complex metaphorical relationships and cosmographies on the visual plane is demonstrated in the article’s final drawings.
Fathom: A sonic surface bordering underwater and acoustic worlds
Authors: Grant Jane , Matthias John , Honywill Simon
Published: August 2014

Fathom is a sound installation by Jane Grant and John Matthias, which was commissioned by the River Tamar Project and was premiered at the Factory Cooperage Building in Royal William Yard, Plymouth, UK in September 2013. Visitors entering the installation were able to hear live and edited sound recorded underwater in Plymouth Sound, a large estuarine body of water from which the Plym, Tamar and Hamaoze Rivers flow into the sea. Six-step ladders in the centre of the installation space surrounded by several additional speakers enabled visitors to climb out of the underwater sonic environment, above the fathom, and hear live acoustic sound relayed by microphones above the water. The artists worked with a team including production manager, Simon Honywill and Martin Audio to create a sonic ‘surface’ 6ft above the ground to enable this to happen. This article will describe how Fathom was created and, in particular, will focus on how the creation of the sonic surface affected the way in which the visiting public interacted with the work.
Embodied semiotic artefacts: On the role of the skin as a semiotic niche
Authors: Bitarello Breno , Queiroz João
Published: August 2014

The skin can be described as a niche structured by semiotic artefacts (tattoos) that work as symbolic–indexical devices (dicisigns). New biocompatible technologies responsive to organic and environmental variations change the role of the skin as a semiotic niche. New devices are transforming the skin into a niche of interactive interfaces. In this article we introduce a variety of techno-scientific artefacts, which are readily available, and their main characteristics. We are interested in the recent proliferation of devices based on biotechnologies that can be coupled to the body, especially epithelial (superficial or invasive), and how they change what we know as ‘embodied communication’.
Reliability of stump sprouting as a regeneration method for poplars: clonal behavior in survival, sprout straightness and growth
Authors: Mc Carthy Rebecka , Ekö Per , Rytter Lars
Published: August 2014

The interest in poplars ( spp.) has increased globally as a result of the current incentive to expand the use of biomass for energy. So far, knowledge about poplar stump sprouting is generally poor. The objective of this study was to investigate poplar stump sprouting as regeneration method in harvested plantations. A 19-year-old poplar clonal test, including 23 different clones, on former arable land was harvested in the winter. After one year, stumps were assessed for sprout survival, sprout straightness, number of sprouts, sprout height and basal diameter. Differences between clones were found for survival and sprout straightness. Clonal differences were also found in mean size of sprouts (basal diameter and height). However, no differences were found between clones when comparing size of the tallest sprout or number of sprouts produced on stumps. This study indicates that stump sprouts from various poplar clones differ in survival, sprout straightness and mean growth, which should be taken into account when planning for the next tree generation. The study needs to be complemented with other studies to better assess sprouting characteristics for different clones.Populus
High Accuracy Method for Magnetohydrodynamics System in Elsässer Variables
Authors: Wilson Nicholas , Labovsky Alexander , Trenchea Catalin
Published: August 2014

A method has been developed recently by the third author, that allows for decoupling of the evolutionary full magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system in the Elsässer variables. The method entails the implicit discretization of the subproblem terms and the explicit discretization of coupling terms, and was proven to be unconditionally stable. In this paper we build on that result by introducing a high-order accurate deferred correction method, which also decouples the MHD system.
We perform the full numerical analysis of the method, proving the unconditional stability and second order accuracy of the two-step method. We also use a test problem to verify numerically the claimed convergence rate.
The Adsorption of Undesirable Impurities from Sunflower Oil on the Granulated Sorbents Based on Kaolin Clay
Authors: Prokof’ev Valery Y. , Razgovorov Pavel B. , Gordina Natalya E.
Published: August 2014

Modifying processes of clay of Veselovskoe deposits with acetic acid (AA) and liquid sodium glass and adsorption of undesirable impurities from sunflower oil on granulated sorbent in a dynamic mode were studied. It was shown that the modification of clay with AA increases the number of Brönsted sites and yields granulated sorbent with a mesopore structure. The composition of clay and liquid glass is characterized by the basic sites. The composition of the clay modified with AA and the liquid glass produces all kinds of surface sites and yields the bipore structure. It was established that the modification of clay with liquid glass provides highest degree of adsorption of the fatty acid (84.6–87.7%), and the modification of clay with AA leads to increasing adsorption of the peroxide compounds (70.0–81.7%). Both acid and alkaline modification of clay allows increasing the phosphorated substances extraction degree to 77.2–89.4%.
Evaluation of long-term stability and degradation on polycarbonate based plastic glass
Authors: Ito Mikiya , Masuda Yoshihiro , Nagai Kazukiyo
Published: August 2014

Polycarbonate (PC) is mainly used as plastic glass in the industrial field. PC has many advantages such as light weight and high impact strength as compared to inorganic glass. However, the long-term stability of PC through the service life has not been fully examined. The authors analyzed the degradation behavior of PC glass through long-term artificial weathering conditions. The PC glass became yellowish through artificial weathering; however, the mechanical strength, for example, the flexural strength and the impact strength, were sufficient for its use as actual window glass of the public transportation. Moreover, improved PC is expected to have a longer service life as compared to ordinary PC. In addition, the evaluation of the degradation of PC-based plastic glass was studied with use of color measurement.
Place, Memory, and Climate Change
Authors: Glassberg David
Published: August 2014

Scientists warn about the difficulty of predicting ecological relationships as climate conditions for many places begin to move well outside their historical range of variability. In recent years, ecologists have identified “no-analog” communities, associations of species in the past that arose because of novel climate conditions not found at present. They have suggested that the planet is heading toward a similar period of disappearing climates and “ecological surprises.” What role, if any, can history play as Americans enter that new world?
Reflections on the Public Interpretation of Regional Environmental History In Western Pennsylvania
Authors: Magoc Chris J.
Published: August 2014

This essay attempts to counter the scarcity of efforts to address issues of natural resource extraction and environmental exploitation in public history forums. Focused on western Pennsylvania, it argues that the history of industrial development and its deleterious environmental impacts demands a regional vision that not only frames these stories within the ideological and economic context of the past, but also challenges residents and visitors to consider this history in light of the related environmental concerns of our own time. The essay explores some of the difficult issues faced by public historians and practitioners as they seek to produce public environmental histories that do not elude opportunities to link past and present in meaningful ways.
What Happens in Vegas: Historic Preservation and Sustainable Public History in Sin City
Authors: Cherland Summer , Clemente Deirdre , Kirk Andy
Published: August 2014

Public historians have much to offer in current and coming debates about sustainability. In Las Vegas, our struggles to contextualize our often-misunderstood place while training our students to take advantage of new opportunities require a little extra effort. We have to start by convincing people that our place has something to offer to serious discussions about sustainability, that Las Vegas is more than simply the example of what not to be. Public history research provides critical context about place and points to how even contested landscapes can offer models for sustainable public history practice.
The crystal structure of the phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase IIα
Authors: Baumlova Adriana , Chalupska Dominika , Róźycki Bartosz , Jovic Marko , Wisniewski Eva , Klima Martin , Dubankova Anna , Kloer Daniel P , Nencka Radim , Balla Tamas , Boura Evzen
Published: August 2014

Phosphoinositides are a class of phospholipids generated by the action of phosphoinositide kinases with key regulatory functions in eukaryotic cells. Here, we present the atomic structure of phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase type IIα (PI4K IIα), in complex with ATP solved by X‐ray crystallography at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure revealed a non‐typical kinase fold that could be divided into N‐ and C‐lobes with the ATP binding groove located in between. Surprisingly, a second ATP was found in a lateral hydrophobic pocket of the C‐lobe. Molecular simulations and mutagenesis analysis revealed the membrane binding mode and the putative function of the hydrophobic pocket. Taken together, our results suggest a mechanism of PI4K IIα recruitment, regulation, and function at the membrane.
Liver status in congenital, untreated, isolated GH deficiency
Authors: Diniz Rachel D C A , Souza Renata M , Salvatori Roberto , Franca Alex , Gomes-Santos Elenilde , Ferrão Thiago O , Oliveira Carla R P , Santana João A M , Pereira Francisco A , Barbosa Rita A A , Souza Anita H O , Pereira Rossana M C , Oliveira-Santos Alécia A , Silva Allysson M P , Santana-Júnior Francisco J , Valença Eugênia H O , Campos Viviane C , Aguiar-Oliveira Manuel H
Published: August 2014

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be associated with insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and low serum IGF1 levels. We have described a large cohort of patients with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to the c.57+1G→A mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. These subjects have increased insulin sensitivity (IS), delayed atherosclerosis, and normal longevity. We hypothesized that, despite visceral obesity, NAFLD would be absent or mild due to the increased IS. To assess the prevalence and severity of NAFLD in adult subjects with lifetime, congenital, untreated IGHD, we studied 22 IGHD adults and 25 controls (COs) matched for age and sex. NAFLD was assessed by a comprehensive liver function panel, and ultrasonographic pattern (hyperechogenic pattern, HP) coded as follows: 0, absent; 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, severe. Compared with COs, IGHD individual had lower serum IGF1 (P<0.0001), higher total cholesterol (P=0.027), lower prothrombin time (P=0.017), and similar activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen values. Alanine transaminase (ALT) values were similar in the two groups, but aspartate transaminase was higher in IGHD (P=0.013). However, more IGHD subjects (7/22) than COs (3/23) had ALT above the upper limit of normal (P=0.044). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in IGHD than COs (61 vs 29%, P=0.032), and the HP score was higher in IGHD than COs (P=0.041), but severe NAFLD was not observed in any IGHD (or CO) individual. Liver HP score is increased in lifetime, untreated, congenital IGHD, but the increase in transaminases is mild, suggesting a lack of advanced forms of NAFLD.
No Detectable Effect of the DNA Methyltransferase DNMT2 on Drosophila Meiotic Recombination
Authors: Heil Caiti S Smukowski
Published: August 2014

Epigenetics is known to be involved in recombination initiation, but the effects of specific epigenetic marks like DNA methylation on recombination are relatively unknown. Studies in Arabidopsis and the fungus Ascobolus immersus suggest that DNA methylation may suppress recombination rates and/or alter its distribution across the genome; however, these patterns appear complex, and more direct inquiries are needed. Unlike other organisms, Drosophila only have one known DNA methyltransferase, DNMT2, which is expressed in the ovaries and historically has been thought to be responsible for limited genomic DNA methylation. To test for a role of DNMT2 on the frequency and distribution of recombination, I compared recombination rates between Dnmt2 −/− and Dnmt2 +/− Drosophila melanogaster individuals in two euchromatic regions and one heterochromatic region across the genome. I failed to detect an altered pattern of recombination rate in the absence of DNMT2 in all regions surveyed, and conclude that other epigenetic effects are regulating recombination initiation in Drosophila.
A Method for Sporulating Budding Yeast Cells That Allows for Unbiased Identification of Kinase Substrates Using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture
Authors: Suhandynata Ray , Liang Jason , Albuquerque Claudio P , Zhou Huilin , Hollingsworth Nancy M
Published: August 2014

Quantitative proteomics has been widely used to elucidate many cellular processes. In particular, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) has been instrumental in improving the quality of data generated from quantitative high-throughput proteomic studies. SILAC uses the cell’s natural metabolic pathways to label proteins with isotopically heavy amino acids. Incorporation of these heavy amino acids effectively labels a cell’s proteome, allowing the comparison of cell cultures treated under different conditions. SILAC has been successfully applied to a variety of model organisms including yeast, fruit flies, plants, and mice to look for kinase substrates as well as protein–protein interactions. In budding yeast, several kinases are known to play critical roles in different aspects of meiosis. Therefore, the use of SILAC to identify potential kinase substrates would be helpful in the understanding the specific mechanisms by which these kinases act. Previously, it has not been possible to use SILAC to quantitatively study the phosphoproteome of meiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, because yeast cells sporulate inefficiently after pregrowth in standard synthetic medium. In this study we report the development of a synthetic, SILAC-compatible, pre-sporulation medium (RPS) that allows for efficient sporulation of S. cerevisiae SK1 diploids. Pre-growth in RPS supplemented with heavy amino acids efficiently labels the proteome, after which cells proceed relatively synchronously through meiosis, producing highly viable spores. As proof of principle, SILAC experiments were able to identify known targets of the meiosis-specific kinase Mek1.
Education of children in Polish family in a context of forming health culture
Authors: IERMAKOVA T.S.
Published: August 2014

Purpose - analysis of the approaches of family education in a Polish family in the direction of forming a culture of children's health. Material: The analysis of the publications of post-communist countries and Poland scientists. Used the results of a questionnaire on health culture. Results: It was found that healthsaving aspect of family education in Polish family plays a significant role in forming health culture. Highlighted in national traditions of family upbringing of a healthy child. It is noted that social support, as a result of active participation in the religious life, helps to better cope with the challenges of everyday life, reduces anxiety and excessive sadness, increases the feeling of well-being. There is a possibility in the Ukrainian family and the school to ensure the spiritual education of children, the right of parents to ensure the education and upbringing of their children in conformity with their own philosophical convictions. Considered necessary to strengthen the role of the family and school education of students in the context of building a culture of health. The main factors of a healthy lifestyle today's young people are: quality of food, measures to prevent stress, problems of environmental protection, sports, leisure. Conclusions: It is recommended to involve parents in various activities of the societies and volunteers of various organizations. Considered necessary to strengthen the role of the family and school education of students in the context of building a culture of health.
Assessment of physical health and physical fitness of students of technical specialties of I course
Authors: Korol S. A.
Published: August 2014

Purpose : identification and assessment of levels of physical health and physical fitness of first-year students of the main group. Material : in the experiment participated 264 students (132 boys and 132 girls). The methods of evaluation: physical health by G.L. Apanasenko and physical preparedness for T. Yu. Krutsevich. Results : It was found that more than 75% of the students are low and lower-middle level of physical health. Revealed a level of physical fitness freshmen. 84.8% of boys and 81.1% girls have an average level of physical fitness. This corresponds to a satisfactory evaluation. Found that almost all the students are at risk of development of somatic diseases. Conclusions : These results confirm the tendency to deterioration of health and physical fitness of young people. This requires the development of a program of physical education with an emphasis on improving orientation.
Gender aspects of formation of value potential of students’ physical training
Authors: Marchenko O. Iu.
Published: August 2014

Purpose: study of gender peculiarities of formation of valuable orientations of students in physical education and sport. Material: in research students of 3 - 11 classes of secondary schools (419), with which the survey was conducted, were involved. Results : the absence of students' understanding of the necessity of motor activity to human health. Also development of adolescents values of physical culture and sports. Showing psychosocial characteristics to form a stable interest in the physical self. It was found that 15% of girls wish to play hockey on grass, athletic gymnastics, football and boxing. Conclusions: for the formation of valuable orientations of physical culture among students it is necessary to consider not only the physiological, morphological and psychological aspects, but also gender peculiarities of personality.
Tensodynamometric and spatial-temporal characteristics of defensive moving reaction of a law-enforcement officer in response to an attack of an armed enemy
Authors: RADZIEVSKIY R. M.
Published: August 2014

Purpose: to examine the tensodynamometric and spatial-temporal characteristics of a law-enforcement officer’s defensive movements in response to the moving attacking actions of an offender. To identify the efficient ways how to counter the attack of the enemy armed with the firearms. Material: It was surveyed 62 employees of practical units of law enforcement authorities. It was experimented with 15 cadets of Kyiv National Academy of Internal Affairs and 15 employees of Department of the State Guard of Ukraine. Results: As a result it was found out that the participants adapted to true-life armed conflicts with the offender. On the basis of the broadened knowledge about the outer indicators of the menace and spatial-temporal characteristics of the movements of the armed enemy it was created the moving behavior of the law-enforcement officer. Conclusions: In case of an armed enemy’s attack it is recommended to carry out the defensive action lunging aside with the optimum cooperation of supporting reactions and action in response, shooting on account of “muscle memory” of the angle of the pointed gun and the projection of the straight line in accordance with the gun tube, the target and the spatial characteristics.
Physical preparedness and functional status of young players in the competition period
Authors: Svystun Yu.D. , Trach V.M. , Chornobaj I. M. , Shavel Kh. E.
Published: August 2014

Purpose : evaluate physical preparedness and functional status of young players in the competitive period. Material : the study involved two groups of players. One group - 18 athletes aged 13 years. The second group - 16 players aged 14-16 years. Athletes performed tests: running 15 m stroke and 15 m, 30 m from the spot. Determines the amount of creatinine in the urine of athletes. Results : the evaluation of physical preparedness of young players indicates a decrease in the speed of the players, as evidenced by indicators and creatinine excretion in the urine. Revealed hypertrophy of the left ventricle, systolic blood volume. Functional state of the older age group athletes is somewhat better than the younger players. Analysis of the studied parameters indicates incomplete recovery of the body of young players. Conclusions : It is recommended to use the results to correct the training process of young players.
Health-technology in the classroom with the girls playing football of secondary school age
Authors: Tkachenko S.N.
Published: August 2014

Purpose : carry out a theoretical analysis of the problem of health-use technology on football lessons in secondary schools. Material: processed more than 100 literary sources. Results : the article presents the main ways of implementation of maintaining health technology on football lessons. The basic attention approaches to the concept of «maintaining health». An author analyses the classifications of maintaining health technology and basic principles of their application of the lessons of football in secondary schools. The author summarized the current views on the problem of implementation the maintaining health technology in the school system, including such as monitoring the causes of injuries on football lessons and ways to prevent them, the creation of healthy environments. Conclusion : It is proved that the use of maintaining health technology on football lessons aims not only development of pupil’s skills, healthy lifestyles, but also the creation of educational institution necessary conditions for preserving the health of the younger generation.