bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sucessão trabalhista nas atividades notarial e registrária após a Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Almeida Victor Hugo
Published: September 2021

Os setenta anos de vigência da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho não bastaram para encerrar todas as controvérsias sobre a sucessão trabalhista. Com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, o ingresso nas atividades notarial e registrária passou a ser condicionado à aprovação em concurso público, conforme o artigo 236, parágrafo 3º, cuja norma apenas foi regulamentada em 1997, através da Lei dos Cartórios (8.935/97). Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar a sucessão trabalhista nas atividades notarial e registrária após a Constituição Cidadã, explorando especificamente: a (i)legitimidade passiva dos cartórios extrajudiciais para figurar em reclamações trabalhistas e a (in)ocorrência de sucessão trabalhista nos casos em que a relação de emprego foi extinta em período anterior à outorga da delegação por concurso público. Como método de procedimento, adotou-se a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e, quanto ao método de abordagem, optou-se pelo método de caso e o indutivo. O estudo concluiu pela caracterização da sucessão trabalhista nas atividades registrária e notarial apenas quando houver continuidade da prestação em benefício do novo oficial/notário, devendo responder pelos créditos trabalhistas o próprio titular e não a unidade cartorária, em razão da sua condição de ente despersonalizado.
Askerî Alanda Artırılmış ve Sanal Gerçeklik Araçlar: Sistemler, Zorluklar ve Çözümler
Authors: İÇTEN Tarık , BAL Güngör
Published: September 2021

Dünyadaki birçok modern ordu, kendi sistemlerini daha üst seviyeye çıkartmak, rakip güç karşısında üstün gelmek ve savaş alanındaki can kayıplarının önüne geçmek için Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AR) ve Sanal Gerçeklik (VR) araçlarına yatırım yapmaktadır. Bu yatırımlar, dünyadaki güç dengelerini önemli ölçüde değiştirebilir ve bir savaşı kazanma için dikkate değer avantajlar sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada, askerî uygulamalara ve eğitimlere destek amacıyla kullanılan AR/VR araçları incelenmiştir. Bu araçlar; donanımsal özellikleri, kullanım alanları ve askerî alandaki yeteneklerinin yanı sıra eğitim alanındaki daldırma ve eğitim yetenekleri de dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Belirlenen bu kapsama göre askerî alanda kullanılan artırılmış ve sanal gerçeklik sistemleri; askerî operasyonlar sırasında kullanılan güncel AR/VR araçları ve çözümleri, AR/VR araçlarının askerî uygulamalara dâhil edilmesini sınırlayan faktörleri ve AR/VR sistemlerinin oluşturulmasında ve kullanımında karşılaşılan zorluklar dikkate alınarak inceleme yapılmış ve problemlere çözümler önerilmiştir. Son bölümde ise AR/VR sistemlerinin geleceği ve riskleri üzerine genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak gelecekte yapılacak AR/VR sistemlerin tasarımı, uygulaması ve eğitimi yaklaşımlarına yol gösterecek ön bir bilgi ortaya konmuştur.
Guerra Proxy entre Irán y Arabia Saudí. Principales focos de conflicto en Oriente Próximo
Authors: Hernández Martínez David
Published: September 2021

Oriente Próximo es un espacio geoestratégico marcado en la actualidad por diversos conflictos y crisis, que condicionan las relaciones entre los actores estatales y no estatales involucrados, así como el establecimiento de estrategias y alianzas. En el trasfondo de algunas de estas complejas dinámicas está la rivalidad entre dos potencias: Irán y Arabia Saudí. Los dos Estados persiguen el objetivo de erigirse como los únicos referentes políticos y religiosos de la zona. El antagonismo de sus intereses genera un clima de elevada tensión y enemistad, que se traduce en una forma de enfrentamiento indirecto: Guerra Proxy. Esta repercute en varios escenarios de la región, y trae como consecuencia mayor inestabilidad e inseguridad.
Pandemia y desintegración regional: la COVID-19 y el retroceso de la comunidad de seguridad sudamericana
Authors: Frenkel Alejandro , Dasso Martorell Agostina
Published: September 2021

El artículo analiza el desarrollo de una comunidad de seguridad en América del Sur y el impacto que tuvo sobre ella la pandemia provocada por el coronavirus. A partir de un enfoque constructivista, en la primera parte del trabajo se explica cómo la crisis del regionalismo, la dificultad para definir amenazas comunes y la erosión de la identidad colectiva atentaron contra la maduración de la comunidad de seguridad sudamericana. Sobre este escenario, se argumenta que la crisis sanitaria originada por la COVID-19 dio lugar a un movimiento de resecuritización que profundizó el retroceso de la comunidad y se manifestó en tres indicadores: 1) la proliferación de discursos que identifican a los vecinos como una amenaza a la seguridad y la salud; 2) la fortificación de las fronteras; 3) el incremento de la militarización de la seguridad ciudadana y otras esferas de la arena pública. Como conclusión, se sostiene que ese tipo de prácticas y discursos da lugar a un tipo de comunidad política parecida a una sociedad anárquica, en la que los Estados se identifican más como rivales que como amigos.

Abstract

The article analyzes the development of a security community in South America and the impact that the coronavirus pandemic had on it. By using a constructivist methodology, the paper analyzes how the crisis of regionalism, the difficulty in defining common threats and the erosion of a collective identity hampered the maturation of the community. In this context, it is argued that the health crisis caused by COVID-19 gave rise to a securitization process that deepened the process of dismantling that community and was reflected in three indicators: 1) the proliferation of discourses that identify neighbors as a threat to safety and health; 2) a fortification of the borders; 3) an increase in the militarization of citizen security and other spheres of the public arena. It is concluded that this type of practice and discourse gives rise to a type of political community similar to an anarchic society, where states identify themselves as rivals rather than friends.
Estimating lightning NOx production over South Africa
Authors: Maseko Bathobile , Feig Gregor , Burger Roelof
Published: September 2021

Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are toxic air pollutants and play a significant role in tropospheric chemistry. Global NOx hotspots are the industrialised regions of the USA, Europe, Middle East, East Asia and eastern parts of South Africa. Lightning is one of the many natural and anthropogenic sources of NOx to the troposphere. It plays a role in the formation of particulate matter and tropospheric ozone, which are both linked to harmful health and climate effects. The discourse on NOx over the southern African continent has mainly focused on anthropogenic sources. However, lightning is known to be a main source of tropospheric NOx globally. It is therefore important to understand its contribution to the national and global NOx budget. Data from the South African Lightning Detection Network were used to approximate the influence of lightning on the NOx load over the country, and to develop a gridded data set of lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) emissions for the period 2008 2015. The Network monitors cloud-toground lightning strikes; and theoretically has a detection efficiency of 90% and a location accuracy of 0.5 km. An emission factor of 11.5 kg NO2/flash was employed to calculate the LNOx budget of ~270 kt NO2/year. The calculated LNOx was 14% of the total NOx emission estimates published in the EDGAR v4.2 data set for the year 2008. The LNOx emission inventory will improve model performance and prediction, and enhance the understanding of the contribution of lightning to ambient NO2. 
Significance:

The results show that both lightning and industrial NOx sources are essential in evaluating NOx and tropospheric O3 chemistry over South Africa. As a result they should both be considered in air quality modelling, to assist in air quality management planning.
LNOx emissions are projected to increase with climate change, which may lead to an increase in tropospheric O3. Thus it is important to have an LNOx inventory, to be used as input into air quality modelling, as it will improve model performance and forecasting, and the understanding of the sensitivity of ambient pollution to changes in lightning emission.
It will further inform chemical transport modelling so that the contribution of both natural and anthropogenic sources can be better understood.
Unlocking and securing ecological infrastructure investments: The needs and willingness to invest and institutional support mechanisms used
Authors: Mbopha Malukhanye S. , Marais Christo , Kleynhans Theo , Esler Karen J.
Published: September 2021

Ecological infrastructure (EI) is a natural and near-natural functioning ecosystem that delivers a range of essential services to humankind. Examples include mountain catchments, wetlands, coastal dunes, and riparian corridors. In a world where EI is underinvested, rapid degradation and threats such as unsustainable veld-fire regimes, droughts, climate change, and invasive alien plants persist in dominating the ecological landscape. In South Africa, there are government programmes that encourage the restoration, rehabilitation and protection of EI. However, inadequate funding allocations constrain scaling-up and thus necessitate the unlocking of public and private sector investments to augment resources for ecosystem-based management interventions. A systematic literature review was conducted at a global scale to (1) understand the drivers behind EI investments, (2) understand the willingness and desire of private landowners and land users to participate and contribute to EI investments and (3) identify institutional support mechanisms used to encourage investments. Results suggest that the need to invest is driven by growing degradation of EI and the urgency to meet environmental sustainability goals. The willingness to invest is stimulated by the use of economic-based policies and compensatory mechanisms. Public–private partnerships, public policy, and market-based conservation instruments are institutional arrangements executed to protect EI. These include processes and systems used by the institutions to legislate and manage interventions towards fulfilling the conservation objective. Our review contributes to the EI investment research agenda by recommending coordinated efforts to encourage EI investment from both public and private partners. These measures will help to secure financial resources and mobilise investments beyond monetary terms by coordinating planning and developing capacity and reform policies.Significance:

Reviewing international experiences on ecological infrastructure investments will help to inform the Natural Resources Management programmes’ efforts to upscale the investments essential to conserve natural ecosystems. The lessons from the systematic review will further reveal other related natural ecosystem investment processes from which to learn. Therefore, gaining a global understanding of these lessons provides evidence-based advice for policy development and decision-making processes which seek to protect natural ecosystems for present and future generations.
Can home gardening significantly reduce food insecurity in South Africa during times of economic distress?
Authors: Carstens Grant , Hay Richard , Van der Laan Michael
Published: September 2021

The novel coronavirus has revealed major impediments in South African food distribution. Existing challenges will be greatly exacerbated by an economic recession projected to be worse than the Great Depression. Home gardens are decidedly utilised to fortify food security and economic resiliency in the face of crises, especially in impoverished communities. For these communities, home garden produce favourably augments diets consisting predominantly of industrially produced staples and the surplus yield can be sold. Despite many campaigns to alleviate food insecurity – some aimed at developing industrial agriculture and others to establish and uplift home gardens – malnutrition and hunger still plague the impoverished. Dissection of these campaigns reveals common flaws in those that failed and key aspects related to those that succeeded, with successful projects even managing to provide a household’s total supply of vegetables. One of the crucial failings was a ‘top-down’ approach that condescended to participants, ignoring existing knowledge, preferences and social consolidation whilst focusing on meticulously consistent packaged methodologies. Successful projects exalted recipients’ own bid for food sovereignty and increased individual and community capacity by providing insightful consultation and access to requested necessary inputs. Obstacles especially present in South Africa include drought and collapse of social capital after withdrawal of institutional support. It has been proven possible that these can be overcome with application of technologies, such as rainwater harvesting, and the creation of common cause such as in national drives. This review of the literature clearly reveals that purposefully uplifted home and community gardens alleviate food insecurity.Significance:

Citizens aim for food sovereignty in times of economic crises such as will be brought about by the novel coronavirus.
We assess the potential of the establishment of home and community gardens to alleviate food insecurity in South Africa.
Home gardens should mainly target the alleviation of malnutrition, producing vegetables to augment cereal-based diets.
Protection of social capital by institutional networks ensures durability and long-term success of campaigns.
Rainwater harvesting technology is immensely influential for the success of home gardens in a South African context.
Quantifying economic activity in the informal recycling sector in South Africa
Authors: Godfrey Linda
Published: September 2021

Informal waste reclaimers are a key part of South Africa’s recycling economy, being responsible for around 51% of all paper and packaging waste collected in South Africa in 2017. Active in the waste and recycling landscape for more than three decades, their activity predates the earliest voluntary paper and packaging Extended Producer Responsibility schemes. However, these voluntary schemes have been instrumental in scaling South Africa’s recycling economy. Investment by brand owners, retailers, converters and recyclers has helped develop local end-use markets, creating a demand for paper and packaging recyclables and a resultant increase in their collection. An analysis of tonnage and price data shows that the mean estimate of money paid by the private sector to the informal waste sector through the purchase of recyclables at intermediaries such as buy-back centres, was ZAR625 million in 2012, increasing to ZAR872 million in 2017. This private sector ‘investment’ in the local recycling economy has led to direct and indirect job creation and improved livelihoods, particularly for a large, well-established and effective informal waste sector, and has indirectly funded municipal waste diversion strategies, saving municipalities in both the collection and disposal of waste.
Significance:

Informal waste reclaimers make a significant contribution to the diversion of paper and packaging recyclables from landfill to recycling in South Africa.
Limited information exists on the earnings of informal reclaimers.
This paper provides new insights on the annual financial payments made by the private sector to informal reclaimers for the collection of recyclables.
Cold water temperature anomalies on the Sodwana reefs and their driving mechanisms
Authors: Wells Calvin , Pringle Justin , Stretch Derek
Published: September 2021

The Sodwana reef system experiences short-term temperature fluctuations that may provide relief from bleaching and be crucial in the future survival of the system. These temperature fluctuations are best described as cold water temperature anomaly events that occur over a period of days and cause a drop in temperature of a few degrees on the reef. We explored the statistical link between the temperature anomalies and the regional hydrodynamics to elucidate the driving mechanisms of the temperature anomalies around Sodwana. Temperature measurements taken between 1994 and 2015 on Nine‑Mile Reef at Sodwana show that temperature anomalies occur on average three times per year at Sodwana and predominantly during the summer months. A conditional average of altimetry data at the peak of the temperature anomalies showed the emergence of a negative sea surface height (SSH) anomaly pattern and associated cyclonic eddy just offshore of the Sodwana region. The cyclonic eddies associated with the temperature anomalies originate on the southwestern edge of Madagascar and migrate westwards until they interact with the African coastline at Sodwana. Instantaneous altimetry SSH fields over the 21-year period were cross-correlated to the conditionally averaged SSH field within a 2° region around Sodwana. It was found that 33% of the temperature anomalies at Sodwana were not associated with the presence of cyclonic eddy systems. This finding suggests that an offshore cyclonic eddy interacting with the shelf is not the sole driving mechanism of the temperature anomalies.
Significance:

Cold water temperature anomalies that occur at Sodwana are believed to play an important role in the sustainability of the coral reefs; however, their driving mechanisms are not yet well understood. We identified the annual frequency and seasonal occurrence of the temperature anomalies at Sodwana. Conditionally averaged sea surface heights delineated regional hydrodynamic patterns associated with the temperature anomalies. These hydrodynamic patterns could be a possible driving mechanism to be explored in future research. Previous research associated these temperature anomalies with a single regional hydrodynamic pattern around Sodwana; however, additional hydrodynamic patterns associated with the temperature anomalies have been found based on the length of the data sets used in this study.
Systems of in situ diagnostics of plasma-surface interaction in MEPHIST-1 tokamak
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kurnaev V.A. , Nikolaeva V.E. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Krat S.A. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Vovchenko E.D. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kaziev A.V. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Prishvitsyn A.S. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Vorob'ev G.M. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Stepanova T.V. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Gvozdevskaya D.S. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Published: September 2021

In the Institute for Laser and Plasma Technologies of NRNU MEPhI a compact spherical tokamak MEPhIST (MEPhI-Spherical Tokamak) for educational, demonstration and research purposes is under development and construction. The creation of plasma diagnostics systems involves several stages, determined by the successive complication of the plasma researchtasks, the upgrading of the device and the development of educational and methodological material for laboratory work to be put at the tokamak. Working out in situ methods of plasma-surface interaction analysis is one of the main scientific and technological goals of this tokamak. The complex of diagnostics described in the paper provides complementary information about the processes occurring at plasma with surface contact, is a set of very informative and well-tested diagnostic tools that allow students to obtain visual and reliable information about the processes occurring in the discharge chamber of the tokamak.
Comparison of collective accelaration of protons and deuterons in Luce diode with a polyethylene anode
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Ryzhkov V.A. , Pyatkov I.N. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Kibler E.V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Zhuravlev M.V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Remnev G.E. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

Collective acceleration of protons and deuterons is compared in the same geometry of a Luce diode with a polyethylene anode at an accelerating diode voltage of 250 kV, current and pulse duration of relativistic electrons up to 30 kA and 90 ns, respectively. The accelerated ions were intercepted by B4C, BN, and AlN plates, in which analytical radionuclides were produced according to nuclear reactions 10B( p , α)7Be, 12C( p, γ)13N, 10B( d , n )11C, 12C( d , n )13N, 14N( d , n )15O and 27Al( d , p )28Al. The ion energy was determined according to the ratios of activity of the analytical radionuclides, while the number of accelerated ions was calculated from the number of induced nuclei of the radionuclides. It was found that the velocities of the main group of protons and deuterons were the same within the measurement error, and the average number of ions accelerated in one pulse was, on average, 3 times higher when protons were accelerated.
The modification of Kalman filterbased carrier tracking loop for GPS signals in dynamic conditions and high noise levels
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kanouj M.M. , Klokov A.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Parvatov G.N. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Potekaev A.I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the possibility of creating an automated positioning system, including various search objects by means of engineering intelligence, based on the methodology of tracking GPS signals. The traditional tracking methodology is analyzed and a more efficient one is proposed based on a modification of the Kalman filter for environments with low signal-to-noise ratio and in high user dynamic conditions. To achieve tracking of the GPS signals, the data is processed using MATLAB program. A comparative analysis showed that the proposed tracking method improves the tracking performance by 7 dB compared to the traditional tracking and overcomes bit synchronization losses. In addition, the proposed method improves the accuracy of Doppler frequency measurements under dynamic conditions.
Second optical harmonic generation by a layered plasmon nanoparticle
Authors:   Orenburg State University (Orenburg, Russian Federation), Chmereva T.M. , Kucherenko M.G. ,   Orenburg State University (Orenburg, Russia)
Published: September 2021

The features of second harmonic generation by a spherical nanoparticle with a plasmon shell are theoretically studied. In the framework of the quasistatic perturbation theory, expressions for the oscillating at a doubled frequency induced dipole and quadrupole moments of a particle were obtained. The second harmonic radiation power was calculated, which showed the resonance nature of the dependence of power on the exciting wavelength. Moreover, the positions of the radiation power resonances significantly depend on the dielectric permittivity of the particle core and its size.
The diffraction-ray model of single filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses for estimating characteristics of the multiple filamentation domain in air
Authors:   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Zemlyanov A.A. , Geints Y.E. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Minina O.V. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS
Published: September 2021

The characteristics of the domain of multiple filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in air were estimated based on the single filamentation model. As the single filamentation model, the diffraction-ray model is considered. It is based on the representation of a laser beam as a set of diffraction-ray tubes nested in each other that do not intersect in space and do not exchange energy with each other. In this situation changes in tubes shape and cross section during propagation demonstrate the effect of physical processes that occur with radiation in the medium. It is shown that the use of this model for interpreting experimental results and predicting effects is effective. In particular, it was demonstrated that the radius of small-scale intensity inhomogeneities in the profile of a centimeter laser beam, forming the domain of multiple filamentation of subterawatt femtosecond laser pulses, is several millimeters. The power in these inhomogeneities varies from several units to several tens of gigawatts. Telescoping the initial laser beam, leading to an increase in its radius, also expands the sizes of the initial small-scale intensity inhomogeneities and reduces the power contained in them. As a result of this, the coordinate of the filamentation beginning shifts along the path from the source of laser pulses. As the peak power in the beam increases, the length of the filaments and their number increase.
Determination of structural constant and size of crystallites in thin magnetic films by ferromagnetic resonance
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Belyaev B.A. ,   Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Boev N.M. ,   Siberian Federal University; Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Gorchakovsky A.A. ,   Siberian Federal University; Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Izotov A.V. ,   Siberian Federal University; Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Solovev P.N. ,   Siberian Federal University; Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate the possibility of determination of the structural constant S and the average size of crystallites in an anisotropic nanocrystalline magnetic film by the analysis of the shape of the sharp microwave absorption peak observed when the external magnetic field is swept along the hard magnetization axis. In the theory of magnetization ripple, the constant S is linked to the surface density of local magnetic anisotropy energy and S can be used to estimate the quality of nanocrystalline films. The performance of the new method for determination of S was demonstrated on a 300-nm-thick nanocrystalline Co-P film. The absorption spectrum was measured on a local film area of ~ 1 mm2 by the scanning ferromagnetic resonance spectrometer. The calculated from the analysis of the spectrum value for S allowed us to determine an average size of crystallites in the film that agrees well with the transmission electron microscopy results.
Limiting accuracy of two-dimensional parabolic equation solution using split-step Fourier transform method
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Mogilnikov A.V. , Akulinichev Yu.P. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Published: September 2021

Numerical solution of the wave parabolic equation on a rectangular grid is analyzed, when the method of discrete split-step Fourier transform (FT) is used to calculate the values of the field in an inhomogeneous medium at the next step in the range. The goal was to identify the limiting possibilities of the FT method itself, so studies were carried out for the case of radio wave propagation in free space. Two related problems were solved: what is the minimum value of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the field calculation and what should be the values of the transfer coefficients of the Fourier series harmonics and the values of the coefficients of the artificial absorbing layer (AL) both depending on the parameters of the computational scheme. It is shown that the dependence of the RMSE on the distance to the source always has the maximum. The forms of the optimal AL differ from those traditionally used primarily due to the presence of a significant imaginary component.
Features of phonon spectra of CeO2, ThO2, NpO2 crystals due to the structure of their sublattices
Authors:   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Zolotorev M.L. , Poplavnoi A.S. ,   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Fedorova T.P. ,   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Fedorov I.A. ,   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

In CeO2, ThO2, and NpO2 crystals, the acoustic branches of the phonon spectrum correspond predominantly to the vibrations of metal ions, the optical ones mainly to the vibrations of the oxygen due to a significant difference in the mass values of these components of the compounds. An important crystallographic phenomena - metal and oxygen are located in sublattices corresponding to different Bravais types, which makes it possible to analyze vibrations in the corresponding Brillouin zones (BZ). This analysis was carried out by unfolding the optical branches of the phonon spectrum from the BZ of the crystal into the BZ of the oxygen sublatftice,the number of optical branches in this BZ is twice as small than in the BZ of the crystal. The effect of anharmonicity on the thermal broadening of the spectral lines of the phonon frequencies is studied in the approximation of two-phonon densities of states. The calculated two-phonon densities of states for all three compounds represent two broad structured peaks. The temperature dependences of the upper peak show the thermal broadening of the upper part of the optical branches, and the lower peak - low-energy optical and acoustic branches.
Prospects for producing hydrogen-ammonia fuel using lithium-aluminum amide
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Schur D.V. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Zaginainchenko S.Yu. ,   Institute of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Veziroglu Afer ,   International Hydrogen Energy Association, Veziroglu T.N. ,   International Hydrogen Energy Association, Gavrylyuk N.A. ,   Institute of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zolotarenko A.D. ,   Institute of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gabdullin M.T. ,   Kazakh-British Technical University; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Ramazanov T.S. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Zolotarenko Al.D. ,   Institute of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zolotarenko An.D. ,   Institute of Materials Science National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

A statistical theory of the phase transformation of lithium aluminum amide with the release of ammonia is developed. The free energies of the phases are calculated, their dependence on temperature, pressure, hydrogen concentration and energy parameters is established. The phase diagram is built. The equations of the thermodynamic equilibrium state are calculated. Investigated isoprocesses in phases. The coefficients of rectangularity and uniformity of isotherms are obtained. A feature of the temperature dependence of the concentration of hydrogen in phases is established.
Мониторинг экономики образования: 2020. Том II. Высшее образование и рынок труда
Authors: Шугаль Николай
Published: September 2021

Издание представляет собой сборник информационно-аналитических материалов, посвященных функционированию и развитию сферы образования, в двух томах. Особое внимание уделяется результатам мероприятий государственной образовательной политики. В первом томе рассматриваются проблемы, характерные для дошкольного образования, начального общего, основного общего и среднего общего образования, дополнительного образования детей, среднего профессионального образования. Во втором томе представлены итоги исследований в сфере высшего образования, а также материалы по таким темам, как образование и рынок труда, спрос на педагогических работников и условия их труда, востребованность навыков и компетенций, непрерывное образование. При подготовке сборника использовались данные федеральных статистических наблюдений, статистических и социологических обследований, сведения международных организаций.
Biolayer Interferometry for DNA-Protein Interactions v1
Authors: K Barrows John , Van Dyke Michael
Published: September 2021

Biolayer interferometry (BLI) is a widely utilized technique for determining the interaction dynamics between macromolecules. Most BLI instruments, such as the Octet RED96e used throughout this protocol, are completely automated and detect changes in the interference pattern of white light reflected off a biosensor tip. Biosensors are initially loaded with a stationary macromolecule, then introduced into a solution containing macromolecules of interest. Binding to the stationary molecules creates a change in optical wavelength that is recorded by the instrument in real-time. The majority of published BLI experiments assess protein-protein (such as antibody-substrate kinetics) or protein-small molecule (such as drug discovery) interactions. However, a less-appreciated assay for BLI analysis is DNA-protein interactions. In our laboratory, we have shown the practicality of using biotinylated-DNA probes to determine the binding kinetics of transcription factors to specific DNA sequences. The following protocol describes these steps, including the generation of biotinylated-DNA probes, the execution of the BLI experiment, and data analysis through GraphPad Prism.
Analysis of the Relevant Characteristics of Online Fraud Cases Happened on College Students
Authors:   School of Information Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, China, Qiu Mingyue , Wang Xinmeng , Zhao Mingsheng , Wu Yubao
Published: September 2021

In the Internet era, the college student groups are Internet users who use the Internet more widely and deeply with more frequency than the ordinary Internet users. However, college students have insufficient social experience and they have been living in a relatively simple living environment for a long time, which makes them have low ability to distinguish the true from the false and become the targeted by cyber scammers easily. This paper analyzes the causes and the basic types of online fraud cases happened on college students through studying the current situation of online fraud cases happened on college students so as to guide college students to learn to screen and self-protect, and to cultivate more comprehensive high-quality talents.
APPLICATION OF THE GRAVITY SEARCH METHOD TO MINIMIZE THE COST OF CONDUCTING A MULTIFACTOR EXPERIMENT
Authors: Koshevoy N.D. , Malkova A.V.
Published: September 2021

Experimental research methods are increasingly used in industry in the optimization of production processes. Experiments, as a rule, are multifactorial and are connected with optimization of quality of materials, search of optimum conditions of carrying out technological processes, development of the most rational designs of the equipment, etc. The use of experimental planning makes the behavior of the experimenter purposeful and organized, significantly increases productivity and reliability of the results. An important advantage is its versatility, suitability in the vast majority of research areas.

When implementing an industrial experiment, the main task is to obtain the maximum amount of useful information about the influence of individual factors of the production process, provided that the minimum number of expensive observations in the shortest period of time. Therefore, it is important to increase the efficiency of experimental research with minimal time and cost. For this purpose, it is expedient to develop systems of automation of experiments which will allow to reduce terms of carrying out experimental researches and to reduce expenses for them. Object of research: processes of optimization of plans of multifactor experiment on cost and time expenses. Subject of research: an optimization method developed on the basis of the gravitational search algorithm, which consists in comparing the force of gravity (cost) of the first row of the planning matrix of the experiment to the next rows of the matrix.

In the study of photoelectric transducers of angular displacements, the efficiency and effectiveness of the gravitational search method were analyzed in comparison with previously developed methods: analysis of line permutations, particle swarm, taboo search. The cost of carrying out the experiment plan and the efficiency for solving optimization problems in comparison with the original plan and the implementation of the above methods are shown.
DESIGN OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL UAV OF ROTOR TYPE ON THE BASE OF FIRMWARE ARDUPILOT
Authors: Myasishchev A.A. , Lienkov S.V. , Zinchyk A.G. , Pampukha I.V. , Riaba L.O.
Published: September 2021

In this work, a multifunctional rotor-type UAV (hexacopter) was designed based on the Arducopter ver.4.0.7 firmware for FMUv3 devices. Experimental tuning of the firmware parameters for a given UAV geometry, its weight, propeller group, flight stability in a gusty wind for navigation modes has been performed. It is shown that this flight controller can use all the documented features of the Ardupilot firmware, unlike the Pixhawk1 1M.

Experimentally, on the basis of numerous flights, it was revealed that firmware using a mathematical apparatus based on the extended Kalman filter (Arducopter 4.0.7) gives better flight results in navigation modes than firmware based on the use of a complimentary filter (INAV, Betaflight - rescue mode). The possibility of controlling additional equipment using a flight controller is shown using the example of dropping a load at a given point of the trajectory. The results of telemetry were obtained during the automatic flight of the hexacopter along a given trajectory based on the installed sensors. It is shown how, using the ground station software, it is possible to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical representations of telemetry data for analyzing the flight of a copter with its subsequent fine tuning. The possibility of constructing and constructing a three-dimensional trajectory of the UAV flight according to telemetry data using the Google Earth program has been studied.

Considered the fine tuning of UAV flight modes using the Ardupilot firmware parameters. The parameters are identified that are basic for ensuring maximum flight stability in abruptly changing conditions, for example, during sudden braking, maneuvers, gusty wind. The range of variation of these parameters and their values have been determined experimentally. The parameters of the PID controller were tuned to ensure a smooth and stable flight in navigation modes. In work with the use of a servo drive, a load dropping device has been designed, which can be triggered automatically when flying along a trajectory, and when commanding from the control panel when approaching a given point, which is visually viewed using the Mission Planner.
İbrahim Anlaşmaları Sonrası Arap Yarımadasının Jeopolitik Analizi ve Türk Büyük Stratejisinin İmkânları/Kısıtları
Authors: Çiçekçi Ceyhun
Published: September 2021

Son yıllarda Arap yarımadası devletleri bölgesel ve küresel politikada hiç olmadığı kadar büyük bir rol oynamaya başladılar. Özellikle Suudi Arabistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri ve Bahreyn kendileriyle Türkiye arasında köklü bir jeopolitik rekabet yaratan bölgesel çatışmalara ulusal çıkarlarını gerçekleştirebilmek için dâhil oldular. Bugün, Türk dış ve güvenlik politikasındaki belki de en önemli sorun, Orta Doğu ve Doğu Akdeniz’deki Arap muhalefetidir. Bu soruna optimum bir cevap üretmek temelde Arap yarımadası devletlerinin jeopolitik bir tavırla yeniden değerlendirilmelerini gerektirir. Mackinder, Spykman ve Mahan’ın yeniden ölçeklendirilen teorilerine referansla bu çalışma, Arap yarımadası devletlerini klasik jeopolitiğin kavramlarına yerleştirmektedir. Bunu yaparak bu çalışma, son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan jeopolitik meydan okumaların üstesinden gelebilmesi için Türk tarafına birkaç münasip politika önerisi üretmektedir. Son olarak Türkiye’deki büyük strateji tartışmalarına özel bir referansla, olası Türk büyük stratejisinin imkânları ve kısıtları keşfedilecektir.
Clinical and biological evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases of population in ulianovsk
Authors: Ismagilov М. F. , Shapoval N. S. , Galiullin А. N.
Published: September 2021

By method of questionnaire enfluence of clinical and biological factors on cerebrovascular diseases formation among population of Uljanovsk has been studied. More frequently cerebrovascular diseases developed in people, aged over 40 years old (77,2%). Males fell ill in 1,5 times more often than femalles. The most common etiologic factors of cerebrovascular diseases development were hypertonic disease and cerebral atherosclerosis, combined with hypertonic disease (29,5% and 26,2% respectively). The obtained results should be taken into account when planning and organizing treatment and prophylaxis system of CVD.
Revealing and evaluation of clinical symptoms in patients with acute bacterial meningitis
Authors: Merkelbach Sh. , Muller М. , Schimrigk К.
Published: September 2021

For clinical evaluation of bacterial meningitis in 43 patients three methods were used: Glasgo scale, Hunt and Gess scale and Scandinavian school of insult evaluathion. Investigation has taken place on the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 8 th and the 14 th days. On the basis of the investigation results it was recommended to use the quantative evaluation of patients state according to scales, since it allows to have more detailed description and comparison of treatment effectiveness.
Thermoregulation indices in healthy individuals with different levels of NA / LI antitransport in erythrocytes
Authors: Ismagilov М. F. , Gaifutdinov R. T. , Khasanova D. R. , Oslopov V. N.
Published: September 2021

Thermotopography and Sherbacks thermoregulation reflex have been stuided in 60 healthy people, chosen with consideration of genetic membrane characteristics and types of vegetative reaction. In the course of quartile analysis correlation of thermoregulation indices with the defined values of Na/Li countertransport velocity in erythrocytes membranes has been established. Thermometric studies in healthy people with vegetative reaction disadaptive types have shown specific disorders of thermotopography and functional thermoregulation test, mostly associated with high values of membrane transport velocity; at the same time at low values of membrane transport indices characteristics of vegetative and thermotopographic pattern appeared to be in the limits of normal variations.
State of vegetative nervous system (vns) in children with biliary pathology
Authors: Bulatov V. P. , Ismagilov М. F. , Mamlejev R. N.
Published: September 2021

Results of complex study of VNS in 148 children with bile secretion system pathology have been presented. Disorders of functional state of vegetative regulation have been revealed, characterized by vagotonia, prevailing in initial vegetative tonus, hypersympaticotonic reactivity and insufficiency of vegetative system. In most patients a clinically actual syndrome of vegetative disfunction has been diagnosed. Differential vegetotropic correction has been suggested.
Alcoholic patients in neurological departments in Germany
Authors: Salaschek M. , Weber В.
Published: September 2021

In Germany, as in many other countries of the world, alcoholism is an urgent problem: approximately 2-3% of the population suffer from alcohol dependence. According to the 1969 decision of the state social court, alcoholism is considered as a disease, in this regard, the social insurance authorities should also take part in the treatment of this disease.
Results of analytic and epidemiologic research of external risk factors for multiple sclerosis among moscow population
Authors: Smirnova N. F. , Boiko А. N. , Djemina Т. L. , Gusev Е. I.
Published: September 2021

Results of epidemiologic reseach of environmental risс factors for multiple sclerosis among Moscow population are given. It was shown, that provoking factors for development or exacerbation this pathology are infections and stress situations. Diet habits, chronic bacterial infections of respiratory tract are significant too. The obtained results can be used in development of a certain diet and preventive measures.
Professor of the Clinics of Nervous Diseases at Moscow and Samara Universities Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov (1859-1926)
Authors: Arkhangelsky G. V.
Published: September 2021

The scientific and social activities of the talented neuropathologist Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov have not received due reflection in the neurological literature, monographs and articles on the history of Russian neurology.
Coase’s Transactional Principle in The Light of System Economic Theory
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kleiner Georgе B. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The problem of optimization of transaction costs is investigated in the article from system economic theory. The concept of a transaction is interpreted as an interaction that affects the products’ seller and the products’ buyer and the immediate system environment of each of them. The representation of such an environment in the form of a tetrad, which is a relatively stable complex of four basic subsystems of object, project, process, and environmental types, makes it possible to trace the consequences of the transaction impulse in the economic zone of the seller and the buyer. Based on the systemic expansion of the concept of transaction, we analyze the transaction costs and benefits arising from the transaction in all four subsystems of the internal space of the firm and its immediate external environment. When formulating the modified Coase’s transactional principle, which determines the optimal size of a firm depending on the ratio between transactional (external) and administrative (internal) costs, we take into account the change in the firm’s “effect of influence” on the immediate environment as boundaries of the firm expand. Considering the “effect of influence” becomes especially important in the context of the growing development of the ecosystem form of organizing economic interaction, characterized by an increased density and tightness of intersubjective relations within the ecosystem. Attention is drawn to the positive aspects of “institutional friction” in the economy, which allows a new approach to determining the optimal level of transaction costs. The expediency of considering the “double tetrad” as a combination of the seller’s tetrad and the buyer’s tetrad as a system unit of market analysis is substantiated.