bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Admissibility of Mitigation of the Administrative Monetary Penalty for the Occupation of the Road Lane without Permission in the Light of Article 189D of the Code of Administrative Procedure
Authors: Łazuk Sylwia
Published: March 2020

It should be noted that not every monetary penalty can be mitigated pursuant to article 189d of the Code of Administrative Procedure – if special provisions include premises which should be followed by the authority in the course of imposing a penalty, then it is impossible to make auxiliary use of the guidelines expressed in the Code (following the principle lex specialis derogat legi generali). Pursuant to article 40 (12) of the Act on Public Roads, the occupation of the road lane for non-road purposes without appropriate permission is punishable with an administrative monetary penalty. In this article, the authors discuss the admissibility of mitigation of the administrative monetary penalty for the occupation of the road lane in the light of article 189d of the Code of Administrative Procedure.
Regulatory Simplifications for Foreign Investors in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone
Authors: Piekut Maximilian
Published: March 2020

The present article deals with the legal regime in Shanghai Free Trade Zone in the context of business activity taken up by foreign (Polish) entities on the territory of the People’s Republic of China. First of all, the author discusses the general problems in international exchange between Poland and the PRC as well as the chief barriers in access to the Chinese market. The following section of the article is devoted to the general legal provisions that apply to foreign businesses in the Middle Kingdom. Part three discusses preliminary issues related to Shanghai Free Trade Zone with regard to partnerships and companies established by foreign entities. The final section concerns the legislative simplifications in the Free Trade Zone as compared with the general regulations which apply to foreign (Polish) businesses in the PRC. The conclusion features an evaluation of the simplifications and their attractiveness for Polish businesses.
Importance of micronutrients in bone health of monogastric animals and techniques to improve the bioavailability of micronutrient supplements — A review
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Kim In Ho
Published: March 2020

Vitamins and minerals categorized as micronutrients are the essential components of animal feed for maintaining health and improving immunity. Micronutrients are important bioactive molecules and cofactors of enzymes as well. Besides being cofactors for enzymes, some vitamins such as the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin A and D have been shown to exhibit hormone-like functions. Although they are required in small amount, they play an influential role in the proper functioning of a number of enzymes which are involved in many metabolic, biochemical and physiological processes that contribute to growth, production and health. Micronutrients can potentially have a positive impact on bone health, preventing bone loss and fractures, decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation. Thus, micronutrients must be provided to livestock in optimal concentrations and according to requirements that change during the rapid growth and development of the animal and the production cycle. The supply of nutrients to the animal body not only depends on the amount of the nutrient in a food, but also on its bioavailability. The bioavailability of these micronutrients is affected by several factors. Therefore, several technologies such as nanoparticle, encapsulation, and chelation have been developed to improve the bioavailability of micronutrients associated with bone health. The intention of this review is to provide an updated overview of the importance of micronutrients on bone health and methods applied to improve their bioavailability.
Dietary corn resistant starch regulates intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating the Notch signaling pathway of broilers
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Liu Yingsen , Li Jiaolong , Xing Tong , Jiang Yun , Zhang Lin , Gao Feng
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on the intestinal morphology and barrier functions of broilers.Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments: one normal corn–soybean (NC) diet, one corn–soybean–based diet supplementation with 20% corn starch (CS), and 3 corn–soybean–based diets supplementation with 4%, 8%, and 12% corn resistant starch (RS) (identified as 4% RS, 8% RS, and 12% RS, respectively). Each group had eight replicates with eight broilers per replicate. After 21 days feeding, one bird with a body weight (BW) close to the average BW of their replicate was selected and slaughtered. The samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum digesta, and blood were collected.Results: Birds fed 4% RS, 8% RS and 12% RS diets showed lower feed intake, BW gain, jejunal villus height (VH), duodenal crypt depth (CD), jejunal VH/CD ratio, duodenal goblet cell density as well as mucin1 mRNA expressions compared to the NC group, but showed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid and butyric acid, percentage of jejunal proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 mRNA expressions. However, there were no differences on the plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid concentration among all groups.Conclusion: These findings suggested that RS could suppress intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating Notch pathway and inhibiting the development of goblet cells, resulting in decreased mucins and tight junction mRNA expression.
Hashtag KZ? KZ-Gedenkstätten und Social Media
Authors: Titze Antonia
Published: March 2020

In der Kommunikationsarbeit von KZ-Gedenkstätten, Orte, an denen sich vor fast 80 Jahren die nationalsozialistische Ideologie in grausame Realität transformierte, nehmen Social Media mittlerweile einen festen Platz ein. Wie lässt sich aber die Kommunikation von KZ-Gedenkstätten mit dem didaktischen Auftrag dieser Orte vereinbaren? Dieser Frage ging eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Facebook- und Instagramauftritte der drei KZ-Gedenkstätten Auschwitz, Mauthausen und Neuengamme nach. Sie stützt sich zudem auf Leitfadengespräche mit Mitarbeiter_innen der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, die hinter den Gedenkstättenaccounts stehen. Alle drei untersuchten Orte sind sich der großen Bedeutung Sozialer Medien für Kommunikation und pädagogische Arbeit bewusst und nehmen diese sehr ernst. Insofern liegt die Forderung nahe, NS-Gedenkstätten mit genügend Personal auszustatten, um dieser wichtigen Aufgabe auch tatsächlich adäquat nachkommen zu können.
Mehr Daten für bessere Gesundheit
Authors: Staffeldt Thomas
Published: March 2020

In Zeiten von Digitalisierung und Big-Data genießen die sog. Routinedaten der Krankenkassen über abgerechnete Leistungen ihrer Versicherten eine hohe Aufmerksamkeit und das Interesse einer Vielzahl von potenziellen Nutzern. Unter Routinedaten versteht man in diesem Kontext die, im Verwaltungshandeln und Abrechnungsgeschehen der Krankenkassen entstandenen Daten, die nicht originär für Analyse- oder Forschungszwecke erhoben wurden. Sie haben eine vergleichsweise hohe Qualität und darüber hinaus den Vorteil, dass sie bereits vorhanden sind. Jenseits ihrer eigentlichen Zweckbestimmung eignen sich die Daten für eine Vielzahl von Analysen in Forschung und Versorgungssteuerung. Die etablierte Versorgungsforschung fordert daher schon seit langem einen Zugriff auf die Routinedaten der Kassendaten.
Die Instabilität der Praxis
Authors: Schäfer Hilmar
Published: March 2020

Praxistheorien bilden ein zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnendes Forschungsprogramm, das gegenwärtig sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Disziplinen von der Soziologie über die Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaft bis hin zur Archäologie beeinflusst. Eines ihrer Kennzeichen ist die Betonung der Routinehaftigkeit sozialen Handelns, die teilweise in die Kritik geraten ist. Vertreten die Praxistheorien damit grundsätzlich eine statische Perspektive auf das Soziale? Ausgehend von der Frage nach ihrem Verständnis von Reproduktion und Transformation des Sozialen werden die Positionen von Pierre Bourdieu, Judith Butler, Michel Foucault und Bruno Latour im Detail beleuchtet. Dabei steht das Konzept der Wiederholung im Zentrum der Perspektive.

Das Buch entwickelt einen Vergleich der vier Ansätze, indem es die jeweilige Verwendung zentraler sozial- und kulturtheoretischer Analysekategorien (Körper, Materialität, Macht/Norm) diskutiert.

Zudem arbeitet es methodologische Prinzipien heraus, die empirische Studien anleiten können. Damit bietet das Buch sowohl einen systematischen Beitrag zur aktuellen Theoriedebatte als auch eine Handreichung für die praxeologische Forschung.
Equation of State
Authors: Mohamed Mansour Eman
Published: March 2020

An equation of state (EOS) is a thermodynamic expression that relates pressure (P), temperature (T), and volume (V). This equation is used to describe the state of reservoir fluids at given conditions. The cubic equations of state (CEOS) such as Van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Soave, and Peng-Robinson are simple models that have been widely used in the oil industry. This chapter expressed literature for EOS that varies from simple expressions to multiple constant and convoluted types of equations. Many attempts have been made to describe the thermodynamic behavior of fluids to predict their physical properties at given conditions. So, several forms of the equation of state have been presented to the oil industry in order to calculate reservoir fluid properties. The heat exchanger is important in wildly fields as in aerospace, petrochemical industry, refrigeration, and other fields. The optimization design of the heat exchanger is a great significance to industry process to reduce production cost, realize energy conservation, and reduce energy consumption.
Practicing Afrocentric Ethical Teaching
Authors: Smart Benjamin T. H. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

Slowly, we are gaining a deeper understanding of the persisting psychological trauma experienced by students at colonial universities, and beginning to recognize that the Eurocentric curricula and pedagogies must change if students such as the “born-frees” in post-Apartheid South Africa are to flourish. In this article, I present a sub-Saharan African concept of “the ethical teacher,” and use this to ground a “ubiquitous action-reaction” teaching model. I use these concepts to develop a decolonized pedagogy – a teaching methodology that avoids a number of harmful colonial teaching practices in philosophy. I suggest a number of novel ways of accommodating a “decolonized education” with a view to inspiring teachers of philosophy in colonial countries globally. I propose a new, malleable pedagogical model that is particularly useful in the colonial context, since its uniqueness lies in the African ethical framework that grounds it. However, I contend that philosophy educators globally will benefit from taking the principles proposed in this article seriously.
Mastering Mindfulness: Fostering a Mindfulness Culture in Children
Authors: Robinson Alice A.
Published: March 2020

With the constant barrage of social media, and the plethora of children’s apps, political correctness and being respectful to one another have become less important in today’s culture, or so it seems.Teachers, librarians, and childcare providers are trying their best to arrest the slide. Recognizing the problem, many teachers and public librarians are creating mindfulness programs for children. During professional-development workshops, presentations are given on the personal benefits of mindfulness, as well as guidance on how to introduce these activities to students. Follow-up activities include participants registering for online or summer college courses, leading to a mindfulness certificate, or watching TED talks or mindfulness videos, individually or as a group, and discussing important aspects.
Fusions et alliances dans la distribution : de la couverture territoriale à la coopétition
Authors: Vyt Dany , Jara Magali , Cliquet Gérard
Published: March 2020

Ce travail consiste à mesurer les enjeux territoriaux des fusions-acquisitions au sein des réseaux de grande distribution. Le cadre réglementaire contraignant et mouvant dans ce secteur contraint les stratégies de croissance externe des réseaux et conditionne l’évolution des rapprochements entre enseignes. A partir des données d’implantation de 3 379 grandes surfaces, supermarchés et hypermarchés, nous mesurons la dispersion spatiale de 10 enseignes au moyen de l’entropie relative, afin de quantifier l’apport en matière de couverture territoriale des alliances au sein des réseaux de distribution. Nous étudions en détail le cas de la fusion avortée entre les groupes Auchan et Système U. Puis, toutes les combinaisons possibles de fusions entre les différentes chaînes de grandes surfaces à dominante alimentaire sont étudiées. Les résultats montrent que les transferts d’enseigne demeurent dans de rares cas un levier efficace pour améliorer la couverture territoriale.
Le bio, c’est bien mais très peu pour moi ! Comprendre les stratégies de neutralisation des consommateurs
Authors: Merle Aurélie , Piotrowski Mathilde
Published: March 2020

Près de neuf Français sur dix considèrent que les produits alimentaires issus de l’agriculture biologique sont bons pour la santé. Pourtant, un sur deux en consomme une fois par mois ou moins. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les stratégies de neutralisation mobilisées par certains de ces consommateurs occasionnels et non consommateurs pour faire coexister la norme sociale « bio = bon pour la santé » et des comportements de consommation qui s’en écartent. Sur la base de vingt-cinq entretiens semi-directifs, cinq stratégies sont identifiées. La « mise en cause des bénéfices santé » et la « condamnation des pratiques » sont fondées sur la distinction entre bio « théorique » (tel qu’il devrait être) et bio « pragmatique » (tel qu’il est). Le « déni de responsabilité » et le « plaisir alimentaire différent » sont relatifs à la non applicabilité de la norme dans un contexte individuel particulier. Enfin, la « compensation par d’autres actions » est liée à la possibilité d’atteindre le même objectif – être en bonne santé – autrement. La discussion débouche sur des recommandations tant pour les acteurs en charge du développement de l’agriculture biologique en France que pour les producteurs/fabricants de bio.
« Fabrication française » : quels effets sur l’intention d’achat et le consentement à payer ?
Authors: Ingarao Aurore , Collange Véronique , Bernard Yohan , Zarrouk-Karoui Sarra
Published: March 2020

Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’effet de la mention d’origine « Fabrication française » sur l’intention d’achat et le consentement à payer d’un produit de grande consommation en fonction de deux types de caractéristiques : celles liées à la marque (capital-marque et origine de la marque) et celles liées à l’individu (ethnocentrisme et identité nationale). Elle s’appuie pour cela sur le cadre théorique du co-marquage, en considérant que la mention « Fabrication française » s’apparente à une co-marque qui interagit avec la marque du produit. Une expérimentation menée auprès de 293 consommateurs français montre que l’intention d’achat du produit augmente de manière significative avec la présence de la mention « Fabrication française », ce qui n’est pas le cas du consentement à payer. L’effet positif sur l’intention d’achat est plus important lorsque : (1) le produit est signé par une marque dont le capital est faible plutôt que fort, (2) l’ethnocentrisme du consommateur est élevé, et / ou (3) le consommateur est fortement attaché à son identité nationale française. Ces résultats aident à identifier les conditions dans lesquelles la stratégie consistant à mentionner l’origine nationale du produit peut réussir.
Correlieu, l’atelier-résidence d’Ozias Leduc à Saint-Hilaire
Authors: Lacroix Laurier
Published: March 2020

En 1890, le peintre Ozias Leduc (1864-1955) construit un atelier sur la terre familiale au pied du mont Saint-Hilaire. Il en fait également sa résidence, condensant dans cet espace relativement restreint l’individu et le créateur. C’est dans cet atelier nommé Correlieu « un endroit où le coeur est en tout » que Leduc élabore son oeuvre pendant plus de 60 ans. L’article décrit l’atelier au plan physique et s’intéresse aux différentes fonctions qu’il a jouées dans la carrière du peintre. Correlieu est surtout un espace de création, mais aussi un lieu où il peut accrocher ou entreposer les oeuvres disponibles pour le marché et un endroit pour traiter de ses affaires. Ce qui est remarquable cependant c’est la quantité et la diversité des visiteurs qui se sont rendus rencontrer Leduc faisant de son atelier un foyer artistique et intellectuel.
« Pour votre bonheur comme pour le mien. »
Authors: Mathieu Jocelyne
Published: March 2020

Françoise Gaudet-Smet apparaît comme une femme de paradoxe, ancrée dans la tradition, mais néanmoins tournée vers la modernité. D’abord journaliste, écrivaine, conférencière, elle fonde sa propre revue, Paysana, en 1938, qu’elle dédie aux fermières de la Province de Québec. Chroniqueuse et animatrice à la radio puis à la télévision, elle propose aux femmes des solutions simples aux problèmes du quotidien. Reconnue pour son sens pratique, elle valorise l’artisanat, encourage les femmes à se cultiver, à créer leur propre bonheur et à avoir confiance en elles. Bien qu’elle reste attachée à ses racines rurales, elle a voyagé dans plus d’une trentaine de pays, dont la Suède qui l’a particulièrement inspirée.
Design of space for a kite festival
Authors: Abbasov Iftikhar Balakishi , Van' Tszin'bo
Published: March 2020

The object of this research is kite festival in the Chinese city Weifang in Shandong province. The subject is the impact of graphic support of the kite festival upon heightening interest in the folk culture. The development of a new design concept of hosting a festival would increase its attractiveness and popularize traditions of the Chinese folk crafts. Having originated in China, the kites rapidly spread among the neighboring countries of Southeast Asia, and later appeared in Western countries. Kite festivals were used extensively – from entertainment events to translation of information, and even military purposes. The goal of this work consists in identification of peculiarities of the Chinese traditional folk art with regards to hosting public cultural events on the examples of the International Kite Festival in Weifang. The authors analyze the specificities of logos and event posters of the hosted festivals, and propose the criteria for the analysis of advertising and graphic information. The new design ad graphic support of festivals alongside the recommendations on arranging space for the festival are developed. The research results, designed tools and new concept of graphic support for holding a kite festival in Weifang would help to popularize Chinese cultural traditions and increase its tourism attractiveness.
Exhibitions for Stalin’s anniversaries: peculiarities of structuring a biographical narrative
Authors: Rutsinskaya Irina
Published: March 2020

In 1939 and 1949 the museums and exhibit halls of the large and small Soviet cities held dozens of art exhibitions dedicated to the anniversaries of Stalin. Strictly aligned to the text of his canonized biography, they became an important element of jubilee celebrations, and simultaneously, a distinct culmination of visual representations of the chieftain, overcrowding the public space of every city of the country. The exhibitions resumed the results and outlined the future paths of development of the pictorial art of Staliniana. The article makes an attempt to review the common grounds the united the anniversary expositions, regardless their scale, presentability and venue. Special attention is given to correlation between verbal and visual texts, logics of structuring of a biographical narrative, methods of organization of dialogue with the audience, as well as forms of “dictate” over the creative process of Soviet artists. The source for this research became an extensive body of documents: brochures, catalogues, guides that accompanied such exhibitions and reflected their concept, logics, structure and communication objectives.  
Key aspects of interrelation between Kyrgyz cinematography and music
Authors: Tokoeva Gulabovo Toktosunovna
Published: March 2020

In cinematic art, along with science, the ongoing processes at the intersection of several fields and spheres acquire greater significance. Cinematography synthesizes the expressive means of various arts. The subject of this research is the analysis of the key points of interrelation and mutual influence of Kyrgyz cinematography and music. The main goal lies in examination of the fundamental problems of synthesis of Kyrgyz cinematography and music by the means of historical-culturological artistic analysis of the national narrative films with detailed consideration of musical peculiarities. The examination of main boundaries in interrelation and mutual influence of Kyrgyz cinematography and music defines the scientific novelty of this article. The research results may be used in future articulation of culturological problems of Kyrgyz cinematic art, as well as in practical activity of the workers of Kyrgyz cinematographic industry. In the current conditions of the development of cinematography, examination of interrelation between Kyrgyz cinematography and music allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of polyfunctionality of the film score.
Complex analysis of professional discourse: peculiarities of functionality of argot of French police officers
Authors: Ovchinnikova Olga , Rezunova Maria
Published: March 2020

This article is dedicated to the peculiarities of functionality of argot of French police officers on derivational and semantic levels. The analysis of empirical material determined the key trends of derivation of the reference group, as well as the link between the leading functions of argotic lexicon with selection of ways and sources of harvesting lexical repertoire. It was revealed that in argot of French police officers prevails derivation based on the imagery reconsideration: metaphor allows realizing ludic function of argot, while metonymy is more often used for crypto-alalic purpose. The argot of French police officers also features an active process of borrowing lexemes from other languages; American and British versions of English language serve as the main donors. In the course of research, the author determines the semantic dominants of argot of French police officers: in lexical repertoire prevail the lexemes related to various type of legal violations, which similar to other argots, due to the thematic limitation of lexicon is nonfunctional. In majority of instances, synonymic rows include lexemes with different connotation; however, in some areas, the series is comprised of lexical units allowing to designate differentiation within the concept class. Using particular examples, the article explores other types of wordplay based on polysemy and homophony. It is noted that wordplay on the basis of homophony carries spontaneous character, while other types are more complicated and require certain background knowledge.
The concept of “color” as an element of ethnic worldview on the materials of Even language
Authors: Belolyubskaya Varvara Grigor'evna
Published: March 2020

This article is dedicated to examination of color concept, which is one of unique phenomena of Even language. Color reflects the fundamental spiritual value, which is based on the cultural-ethnic worldview of one of the ancient nations the North – Lamuts. The Lamuts are nomadic people. The entire lifestyle of a northerner is inseparably connected with nature; thus, color represents one of the key fragments of the linguistic worldviews that create a certain visual image. The subject of this research is the semantics of linguistic unites that define color concepts in the Even linguistic worldview. The theoretical analysis of the works on linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics, ethnography and linguistics became the method for this study. The author applies the methodological principle of systemic analysis of the elements of Lamut culture. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the concept of “color” as an elements of ethnic worldview demonstrated on the material of Even language has not been comprehensively studied before. The article is first to present new material on the topic in question the concept of color in Even folklore, meaning of color in deer farming culture of Lamuts, symbolism of color in Even traditional garments. Color, as a component of ethnic worldview, requires future examination.
Turkic lexicographic works of the XI-XIV centuries pertaining to the development of orientalism in Crimea
Authors: Memetov Aider , Memetov Iskander Aiderovich
Published: March 2020

This article examines the evolution of oriental studies thought of in Crimea during the XI-XIV centuries; analyzes specific philological works created in the region; as well as gives a generalized review to the overall development process of written artifacts of all Turkic ethnic groups and tribes dwelling on the vast territory from China’s boundaries to the countries of Eastern Europe, from the steppes of North Kazakhstan to Byzantium and Egypt. First and foremost, it is such written artifacts as “Diwan Lughat al-Turk”, “Kitab Al-Idrak Li-Lisan Al-Atrak”, “ad-Durrat al-muḍi'a fī-l-lugat at-turkiya”, The author comprehensively examines most well-known lexicographic artifacts that contain the lexis of Turkic tribes of Kashgaria and Semirechye, as well as of various Turkic tribes of Mamluk Egypt of the XIII-XV centuries from the perspective of comparison. It is determined that Kipchak-Mamluk dictionaries were published for studying Tatar language used in Crimea. The research allowed establishing a direct link between the languages of Turkic tribes of Egypt of the XIII-XV centuries and the modern Crimean Tatar language. This link is traces in the lexis and morphology. The research results may be used in lecturing the fundamental academic disciplines in philological faculties on lexicology and dialectology of Crimean Tatar language.
Ethnocultural stereotypes of the Steppe Crimean Tatars and Dobruja Tatars based on proverbs of the turn of XIX and XX centuries
Authors: Useinov Timur Bekirovich
Published: March 2020

This article conduct an analysis of ethnocultural stereotypes of the Steppe Crimean Tatars and Dobruja (Romanian) Tatars based on proverbs of the turn of XIX and XX centuries. The subject of this research became the Kipchak Crimean Tatar paremiological fund of that period. The goal consists in an accurate, tolerant elucidation of the topic. Initially, the stereotypes are divided into auto-stereotypes, which is an outlook upon the own ethnic group; and hetero-stereotypes, which is the representations on a neighboring ethnos. The first ones, being an inseparable part of national identity, are prone to exaggeration of merits of their ethnos and carry a complementary character. This fact impedes a realistic assessment of the merits of neighboring ethnos, which is compared to the own in accordance with cultural values. The determined differences serve as a foundation for hetero-stereotypes, which usually belittle the positive sides of the other national portrait. The scientific novelty consists in examination of ethnocultural stereotypes based on proverbs of the turn of XIX and XX centuries. Which contributed to fuller understanding of the mentality of Crimean Tatars and Dobruja (Romanian) Tatars being a diaspora of Crimean Tatar ethnos. Paremiological material allowed dividing the stereotypes into auto-stereotypes and hetero-stereotypes. The research results offered an opportunity to determine and explore the ethnic composition of Crimean Peninsula of the turn of XIX and XX centuries.
Feedback inhibition and its control in an insect olfactory circuit
Authors: Ray Subhasis , Aldworth Zane N , Stopfer Mark A
Published: March 2020

Inhibitory neurons play critical roles in regulating and shaping olfactory responses in vertebrates and invertebrates. In insects, these roles are performed by relatively few neurons, which can be interrogated efficiently, revealing fundamental principles of olfactory coding. Here, with electrophysiological recordings from the locust and a large-scale biophysical model, we analyzed the properties and functions of GGN, a unique giant GABAergic neuron that plays a central role in structuring olfactory codes in the locust mushroom body. Our simulations suggest that depolarizing GGN at its input branch can globally inhibit KCs several hundred microns away. Our in vivorecordings show that GGN responds to odors with complex temporal patterns of depolarization and hyperpolarization that can vary with odors and across animals, leading our model to predict the existence of a yet-undiscovered olfactory pathway. Our analysis reveals basic new features of GGN and the olfactory network surrounding it.
ATR expands embryonic stem cell fate potential in response to replication stress
Authors: Atashpaz Sina , Samadi Shams Sara , Gonzalez Javier Martin , Sebestyén Endre , Arghavanifard Negar , Gnocchi Andrea , Albers Eliene , Minardi Simone , Faga Giovanni , Soffientini Paolo , Allievi Elisa , Cancila Valeria , Bachi Angela , Fernández-Capetillo Óscar , Tripodo Claudio , Ferrari Francesco , López-Contreras Andrés Joaquin , Costanzo Vincenzo
Published: March 2020

Unrepaired DNA damage during embryonic development can be potentially inherited by a large population of cells. However, the quality control mechanisms that minimize the contribution of damaged cells to developing embryos remain poorly understood. Here, we uncovered an ATR- and CHK1-mediated transcriptional response to replication stress (RS) in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that induces genes expressed in totipotent two-cell (2C) stage embryos and 2C-like cells. This response is mediated by Dux, a multicopy retrogene defining the cleavage-specific transcriptional program in placental mammals. In response to RS, DUX triggers the transcription of 2C-like markers such as murine endogenous retrovirus-like elements (MERVL) and Zscan4. This response can also be elicited by ETAA1-mediated ATR activation in the absence of RS. ATR-mediated activation of DUX requires GRSF1-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of Dux mRNA. Strikingly, activation of ATR expands ESCs fate potential by extending their contribution to both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. These findings define a novel ATR dependent pathway involved in maintaining genome stability in developing embryos by controlling ESCs fate in response to RS.
Metadata og dokumentasjon innen livsvitenskap
Authors: Hjerde Erik
Published: March 2020

Presentasjon frå RDA-kurs i FAIR forskingsdatakuratering 2020
Dokumentasjon og metadata innanfor språkvitskap
Authors: Conzett Philipp
Published: March 2020

Presentasjon frå RDA-kurs i FAIR forskingsdatakuratering 2020
What’s new copycat?
Authors: Moore Erja
Published: March 2020

In Finland, all higher education institutions are committed to following a national policy to deal with suspected violations of good scientific practice. All suspicions of research misconduct are dealt with at the local level in the institution. If “the person alleged of misconduct or the instigator of the allegation” is dissatisfied with the decision, s/he may request a statement from the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (2012, 36). The system has been claimed to be unique in the world. The responsibility of research misconduct investigations being on local level has led to a situation where the rector of the institution is responsible of the decisions resulting in differencesin local decisions, processes and definitions of plagiarism (Moore 2019).

The data for this conference paper consist of 13 statements requested from Finnish National Boardon Research Integrity. All requests of statements dealt with suspicions of plagiarism in students’ Master’s theses. Thematic content analysis is used to typify first the interpretations of plagiarism and the investigation processes in institutions. The main result is that plagiarism is defined or denied on the local level and there is no need to comply with national or international definitionsof plagiarism. The national guidelines can be interpreted in creative ways: administrative and legal rhetoric is used to state that a thesis older than two years is not to be investigated at all, the instigator of the suspicion is not a party in a plagiarism case and therefore documentation of the investigation process can be kept internal. Secondary source plagiarism can be seen as plagiarism,but it can also be accepted as normal thesis writing. The national guidelines are interpreted differently resulting in creative, diverse and unequal interpretations of plagiarism.
Digital spaces for learning and meeting - A green experiment
Authors: Grote Michael , Kavli Fredrik , Seland Eli Heldaas
Published: March 2020

With climate change and the necessity to reduce travel the public focus on developing online spaces for learning and meeting has strengthened. For this reason we are arranging a blended seminar for the Libraries' network for ph.d.-support: The attendants who are in Bergen or wish to be in Bergen, will meet in a physical conference room, while others will be able to attend the conference as full participants through the online platform Zoom, 29.-30. April 2020. We want to share our experiences with the process of planning and carrying out a blended seminar for this kind of network meetings, and will discuss central issues such as if we succeeded with our ambition to make the seminar accessible for all participants at the same rate, and if the interaction functioned. Did we manage to make interaction and active learning to a main characteristic of the whole meeting? What can be learned from the event, and what could be done better next time? What are important factors to consider when planning to arrange a blended seminar?

In line with the green policy of the project we will carry out our presentation online.
Using “threshold concepts” as a framework for teaching information literacy
Authors: Alfredsson Veronica , Pernler Tobias
Published: March 2020

We would like to explore the idea of threshold concepts as a framework for information literacy (IL) instruction in a higher education setting. Threshold concepts are central to a discipline; difficult to learn, but once understood, impossible to “unlearn”. They are implicitly incorporated in practitioners’ day-to-day work, and form part of the tacit knowledge in a profession. Threshold concepts are thus both taken for granted and difficult to teach; they have become so internalized by the expert that it is easy to forget that they were actually learned at some point. This could lead to a failure in appreciating how hard the concepts can be to master for the novice. 

According to Hofer, Hanick & Townsend (2018), possible threshold concepts relevant to IL-instruction are: authority; format; information commodities; organizing systems; research process. As we came across these ideas, we asked ourselves how teaching librarians could utilize this approach when helping students cross the IL thresholds. For example, when teaching how to check the authority of a source, how do we help students handle the distinction between trust and truth? When promoting the library as a free resource, how can students understand the information economy? 

Starting with a brief presentation of the idea of threshold concepts, and an introduction to the IL-specific concepts, we would like to invite the round table participants to reflect upon their own approaches when teaching IL. The discussion will be structured around questions such as: What concepts do you normally find students have difficulties grasping? When did you yourself master those concepts? How did that happen? How can that understanding help you as a teacher to facilitate your students’ learning of the concepts? 

Possible outcomes of the discussion may entail new didactic ideas, as well as tentative new IL-related threshold concepts.
FGF14‐related episodic ataxia: delineating the phenotype of Episodic Ataxia type 9
Authors: Piarroux Julie , Riant Florence , Humbertclaude Véronique , Remerand Ganaelle , Hadjadj Jessica , Rejou Franck , Coubes Christine , Pinson Lucile , Meyer Pierre , Roubertie Agathe
Published: March 2020

We report four patients from two families who presented attacks of childhood‐onset episodic ataxia associated with pathogenic mutations in the FGF14 gene. Attacks were triggered by fever, lasted several days, and had variable frequencies. Nystagmus and/or postural tremor and/or learning disabilities were noticed in individuals harboring FGF14 mutation with or without episodic ataxia. These cases and literature data delineate the FGF14‐mutation‐related episodic ataxia phenotype: wide range of age at onset (from childhood to adulthood), variable durations and frequencies, triggering factors including fever, and association to chronic symptoms. We propose to add FGF14‐related episodic ataxia to the list of primary episodic ataxia as Episodic Ataxia type 9.
Brain metabolic alterations herald falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Isaias Ioannis U. , Brumberg Joachim , Pozzi Nicoló G. , Palmisano Chiara , Canessa Andrea , Marotta Giorgio , Volkmann Jens , Pezzoli Gianni
Published: March 2020

Pathophysiological understanding of gait and balance disorders in Parkinson’s disease is insufficient and late recognition of fall risk limits efficacious follow‐up to prevent or delay falls. We show a distinctive reduction of glucose metabolism in the left posterior parietal cortex, with increased metabolic activity in the cerebellum, in parkinsonian patients 6–8 months before their first fall episode. Falls in Parkinson’s disease may arise from altered cortical processing of body spatial orientation, possibly predicted by abnormal cortical metabolism.
Do incompatible alternatives in a testimony affect witness credibility?
Authors: Luna Karlos , Albuquerque Pedro B.
Published: March 2020

The qualitative regulation of grain size allows witnesses to increase the accuracy of their reports by adding alternatives (e.g., “the robber concealed his face with a mask, with a stocking, or with a balaclava”). However, such answers may include incompatible alternatives which may make police officers and juries distrust witnesses. In four preregistered experiments, we tested the effect of information with incompatible alternatives on witness credibility. In Experiments 1a, 1b, and 1c, we presented two short testimonies, one with incompatible alternatives and another without and credibility was lower with incompatible alternatives. In Experiment 2, we told participants that witnesses could report several alternatives and the effect was reduced. We explain the effect of incompatible alternatives on credibility from participants' inferences that a witness producing an answer with incompatible alternatives is not confident in their memory and a failure to fully appreciate the advantages of adding alternatives.
Recent Advances in Optical Engineering of Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Yang Zu‐Po , Su Hai‐Ching
Published: March 2020

Since the first demonstration of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) in 1995, much effort has been made to develop this technology for display and lighting. A common LEC generally contains a single emissive layer blended with a salt, which provides mobile ions under a bias. Ions accumulated at electrodes facilitate electrochemical doping such that operation voltage is low even when employing high‐work‐function inert electrodes. The superior properties of simple device architecture, low‐voltage operation, and compatibility with inert metal electrode render LECs suitable for cost‐effective light‐emitting sources. In addition to enormous progress in developing novel emissive materials for LECs, optical engineering has been shown to improve device performance of LECs in an alternative way. Light outcoupling enhancement technologies recycle the trapped light and increase the light output from LECs. Techniques to estimate emission zone position provide a powerful tool to study carrier balance of LECs and to optimize device performance. Spectral tailoring of the output emission from LECs based on microcavity effect and localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles improves the intrinsic emission properties of emissive materials by optical means. These reported optical techniques are overviewed in this review.
Fabrication of Glyco‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Targeted Interventional Photodynamic/Chemotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Percutaneous Transperitoneal Puncture
Authors: Hu Jun , Wu Wenrui , Qin Yufei , Liu Chao , Wei Peng , Hu Jing , Seeberger Peter H. , Yin Jian
Published: March 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes high morbidity and mortality due to a lack of adequate treatments. Cancer treatments have benefited from nanotechnology approaches that integrate multimodal synergistic therapies. A synergistic, minimally invasive strategy of interventional photodynamic therapy (IPDT) and chemotherapy for HCC treatment through percutaneous transperitoneal puncture is disclosed that is based on photosensitive porphyrinic galactose‐modified metal‐organic frameworks (PCN‐224) first used as hepatic targeting and encapsulated with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX@Gal‐PCN‐224). Real‐time imaging reveals the effective accumulation of the integrated nanosystem in the HCC cells and tumor tissues due to hepatic targeting. Evaluation of the anti‐tumor efficiency of this nanosystem on orthotopic transplantation tumors with the aid of minimally invasive intervention shows a tumor inhibition rate of 98%. The synergistic effects induce high‐level cell apoptosis and tissue necrosis in vitro and in vivo. This bimodal IPDT/chemotherapy strategy holds great potential in the clinical treatment for HCC.
Single‐Atom Catalytic Materials for Advanced Battery Systems
Authors: Lu Chao , Fang Ruyue , Chen Xi
Published: March 2020

Advanced battery systems with high energy density have attracted enormous research enthusiasm with potential for portable electronics, electrical vehicles, and grid‐scale systems. To enhance the performance of conversion‐type batteries, various catalytic materials are developed, including metals and transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Metals are highly conductive with catalytic effects, but bulk structures with low surface area result in low atom utilization, and high chemical reactivity induces unfavorable dendrite effects. TMDs present chemical adsorption with active species and catalytic activity promotes conversion processes, suppressing shuttle effect and improving energy density. But they suffer from inferior conductivity compared with metal, and limited sites mainly concentrate on edges and defects. Single‐atom materials with atomic sizes, good conductivity, and individual sites are promising candidates for advanced batteries because of a large atom utilization, unsaturated coordination, and unique electronic structure. Single‐atom sites with high activity chemically trap intermediates to suppress shuttle effects and facilitate electron transfer and redox reactions for achieving high capacity, rate capability, and conversion efficiency. Herein, single‐atom catalytic electrodes design for advanced battery systems is addressed. Major challenges and promising strategies concerning electrochemical reactions, theoretical model, and in situ characterization are discussed to shed light on future research of single‐atom material‐based energy systems.
Supramolecular Energy Materials
Authors: Dumele Oliver , Chen Jiahao , Passarelli James V. , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: March 2020

Self‐assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light‐harvesting protein machinery in the green leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self‐assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long‐term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light‐harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self‐assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.
Copper‐Enriched Prussian Blue Nanomedicine for In Situ Disulfiram Toxification and Photothermal Antitumor Amplification
Authors: Wu Wencheng , Yu Luodan , Pu Yinying , Yao Heliang , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin
Published: March 2020

In situ toxification of less toxic substance for the generation of effective anticarcinogens at the specific tumor tissue has been a novel paradigm for combating cancer. Significant efforts have been recently dedicated to turning clinical‐approved drugs into anticancer agents in specific tumor microenvironment by chemical reactions. Herein, a hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HMPB)‐based therapeutic nanoplatform, denoted as DSF@PVP/Cu‐HMPB, is constructed by encapsulating alcohol‐abuse drug disulfiram (DSF) into the copper‐enriched and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐decorated HMPB nanoparticles to achieve in situ chemical reaction‐activated and hyperthermia‐amplified chemotherapy of DSF. Upon tumor accumulation of DSF@PVP/Cu‐HMPB, the endogenous mild acidity in tumor condition triggers the biodegradation of the HMPB nanoparticle and the concurrent co‐releases of DSF and Cu2+, thus forming cytotoxic bis(N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamato)copper(II) complexes (CuL2) via DSF‐Cu2+ chelating reaction. Moreover, by the intrinsic photothermal‐conversion effect of PVP/Cu‐HMPBs, the anticancer effect of DSF is augmented by the hyperthermia generated upon near‐infrared irradiation, thus inducing remarkable cell apoptosis in vitro and tumor elimination in vivo on both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor‐bearing models. This strategy of in situ drug transition by chemical chelation reaction and photothermal‐augmentation provides a promising paradigm for designing novel cancer‐therapeutic nanoplatforms.