bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of electrical explosions of Cu and Al wires in water and glycerol
Authors: Yanuka D. , Rososhek A. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: May 2017

The results of experiments on single Cu and Al wire electrical explosions with a current density of ∼108 A/cm2 in water and glycerol on ns- and μs-timescales are presented. Framing and streak images of the exploding wires and generated shock waves were used for the analysis of the possible contribution of Al and glycerol combustion to the shock wave velocity and pressure behind its front. It was shown that on nanosecond and microsecond timescales of wire explosions, one obtains Al and glycerol combustion. However, Al combustion does not contribute to the velocity of the generated shock wave because of a relatively slow rate of energy density deposition into the water flow. Nevertheless, electrical explosion of Al and Cu wires in glycerol showed a significant increase in the generated shock wave velocity and consequently in the pressure behind its front as a result of glycerol's higher density and combustion.
Comment on “Effects of electron exchange-correlation potential on electrostatic oscillations in single-walled carbon nanotubes” [J. Appl. Phys. 115, 204304 (2014)]
Authors: Moradi Afshin
Published: May 2017

In a recent article, Khan and Hassan [J. Appl. Phys. 115, 204304 (2014)] investigated the dispersion properties of electrostatic electron plasma oscillations on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes by considering the exchange-correlation potential. They showed that the surface plasmon energies are blue-shifted by the exchange-correlation effects. Here, we derive the correct form of the dispersion relation and show that the energies of plasmonic modes are red-shifted by the exchange-correlation effects.
Magnetization reversal by superconducting current in φ Josephson junctions
Authors: Shukrinov Yu. M. , Rahmonov I. R. , Sengupta K. , Buzdin A.
Published: May 2017

We study magnetization reversal in a φ0 Josephson junction with direct coupling between magnetic moment and Josephson current. Our simulations of magnetic moment dynamics show that by applying an electric current pulse, we can realize the full magnetization reversal. We propose different protocols of full magnetization reversal based on the variation of the Josephson junction and pulse parameters, particularly, electric current pulse amplitude, damping of magnetization, and spin-orbit interaction. We discuss experiments that can probe the magnetization reversal in φ0-junctions.
Note: A dual-channel sensor for dew point measurement based on quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Li Ning , Meng Xiaofeng , Nie Jing
Published: May 2017

A new sensor with dual-channel was designed for eliminating the temperature effect on the frequency measurement of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in dew point detection. The sensor uses active temperature control, produces condensation on the surface of QCM, and then detects the dew point. Both the single-channel and the dual-channel methods were conducted based on the device. The measurement error of the single-channel method was less than 0.5 °C at the dew point range of −2 °C–10 °C while the dual-channel was 0.3 °C. The results showed that the dual-channel method was able to eliminate the temperature effect and yield better measurement accuracy.
African genomes illuminate the early history and transition to selfing in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Durvasula Arun , Fulgione Andrea , Gutaker Rafal M. , Alacakaptan Selen Irez , Flood Pádraic J. , Neto Célia , Tsuchimatsu Takashi , Burbano Hernán A. , Picó F. Xavier , Alonso-Blanco Carlos , Hancock Angela M.
Published: May 2017

Significance

The principal plant model species,
Arabidopsis thaliana
, is central to our understanding of how molecular variants lead to phenotypic change. In this genome-sequencing effort focused on accessions from Africa, we show that African populations represent the most ancient lineages and provide new clues about the origin of selfing and the species itself. Population history in Africa contrasts sharply with the pattern in Eurasia, where the vast majority of samples result from the recent expansion of a single clade. This previously unexplored reservoir of variation is remarkable given the large number of genomic studies conducted previously in this well-studied species and implies that assaying variation in Africa may often be necessary for understanding population history in diverse species.
The role of market measures in forest governance: the example of forest certification in boreal forests.
Authors: Almstedt Å. , Keskitalo E. C. H.
Published: May 2017

Forest governance may be defined as the way in which actions in a sector (here forest use) are controlled at multiple levels and by multiple actors. The forest certification market mechanism was introduced in 1993, partly as a reaction to the failed attempt to create a global forest convention at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. Today FSC and the PEFC are the two dominant certification bodies in forestry. This paper exemplifies this novel area of market-based governance through a literature review, including articles published in the Web of Science between 1993 and 2013 on forest certification in countries with boreal forest The study highlights the differences between different countries and certification schemes, for example showing how different actors may choose different certification strategies, depending on market situation and forest ownership structure, and also how the outcomes of the implementation of novel certification practices may vary depending on country and broader governance context.
Draft genome sequence of the Tibetan medicinal herb Rhodiola crenulata
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan , Li Liangwei , Hao Shijie , Guan Rui , Fan Guangyi , Shi Chengcheng , Wan Haibo , Chen Wenbin , Zhang He , Liu Guocheng , Wang Jihua , Ma Lulin , You Jianling , Ni Xuemei , Yue Zhen , Xu Xun , Sun Xiao , Liu Xin , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen
Published: May 2017

Rhodiola crenulata, a well-known medicinal Tibetan herb, is mainly grown in high-altitude regions of the Tibet, Yunnan, and Sichuan provinces in China. In the past few years, increasing numbers of studies have been published on the potential pharmacological activities of R. crenulata, strengthening our understanding into its putitive active ingredient composition, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action. These findings also provide strong evidence supporting the important medicinal and economical value of R. crenulata. Consequently, some Rhodiola species are becoming endangered because of overexploitation and environmental destruction. However, little is known about the genetic and genomic information of any Rhodiola species. Here we report the first draft assembly ofthe R. crenulata genome, which was 344.5 Mb (25.7 Mb Ns), accounting for 82% of the estimated genome size, with a scaffold N50 length of 144.7 kb and a contig N50 length of 25.4 kb. The R. crenulata genome is not only highly heterozygous but also highly repetitive, with ratios of 1.12% and 66.15%, respectively, based on the k-mer analysis. Furthermore, 226.6 Mb of transposable elements were detected, of which 77.03% were long terminal repeats. In total, 31 517 protein-coding genes were identified, capturing 86.72% of expected plant genes in BUSCO. Additionally, 79.73% of protein-coding genes were functionally annotated. R. crenulata is an important medicinal plant and also a potentially interesting model species for studying the adaptability of Rhodiola species to extreme environments. The genomic sequences of R. crenulata will be useful for understanding the evolutionary mechanism of the stress resistance gene and the biosynthesis pathways of the different medicinal ingredients, for example, salidroside in R. crenulata.
MHD simulations of oscillating cusp-filling tori around neutron stars – missing upper kHz QPO
Authors: Parthasarathy Varadarajan , Kluźniak Włodzimierz , Čemeljić Miljenko
Published: May 2017

We performed axisymmetric, grid-based, ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations of oscillating cusp-filling tori orbiting a non-rotating neutron star. A pseudo-Newtonian potential was used to construct the constant angular momentum tori in equilibrium. The inner edge of the torus is terminated by a ‘cusp’ in the effective potential. The initial motion of the model tori was perturbed with uniform sub-sonic vertical and diagonal velocity fields. As the configuration evolved in time, we measured the mass accretion rate on the neutron star surface and obtained the power spectrum. The prominent mode of oscillation in the cusp torus is the radial epicyclic mode. It would appear that vertical oscillations are suppressed by the presence of the cusp. From our analysis, it follows that the mass accretion rate carries a modulation imprint of the oscillating torus, and hence so does the boundary layer luminosity.
Successful Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis With Isavuconazole: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jacobs Samantha E. , Saez-Lacy Deborah , Wynkoop Walter , Walsh Thomas J.
Published: May 2017

Isavuconazole is a new triazole that is approved for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. We provide the first report of a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) who was successfully treated with isavuconazole with marked improvement and minimal adverse effects. We further review the literature on antifungal management of ABPA.
Prediction of Intraoperative CSF Gusher and Postoperative Facial Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Cochleovestibular Malformations Undergoing Cochlear Implantation Surgery
Authors: Kamogashira Teru , Iwasaki Shinichi , Kashio Akinori , Kakigi Akinobu , Karino Shotaro , Matsumoto Yu , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To determine parameters in computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone that would be useful for prediction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gusher during cochlear implantation (CI) surgery and postoperative facial nerve stimulation (FNS) in patients with inner ear malformations.

Study Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Tertiary referral center.

Patients:

Three hundred seventy-five cases who had undergone CI surgery including 54 inner ear malformation cases were analyzed.

Main Outcome Measures:

The diameters of the cochlea modiolar base and porus of the internal auditory canal (IAC), length of IAC, diameter of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) at the operculum, and presence or absence of the modiolus of the cochlea were evaluated by using CT.

Results:

CSF gusher occurred in 12 (22%) cases, in whom the diameters of the cochlea modiolar base (2.7 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.01) and widths of VA (1.5 ± 1.0 mm, p < 0.05) were significantly greater compared with those without gusher. The modiolus was significantly less formed (8%) in cases with gusher compared with those without gusher (p < 0.01). FNS occurred in 10 (19%) cases, and the widths of VA and lengths of IAC were significantly shorter in these cases compared with those without FNS (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The absence of the modiolus, larger cochlea modiolar base, and wider VA in CT images were important predictors of CSF gusher during CI surgery. The width of VA was also an important factor in predicting FNS.
Adverse Event Rates Change Favorably Over Time for Patients Bridged With the HeartWare Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Maltais Simon , Aaronson Keith D. , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Slaughter Mark S. , Najjar Samer S. , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Pham Duc T. , McGee Edwin C. , Leadley Katrin , Kormos Robert L.
Published: May 2017

The HeartWare Ventricular Assist System (HVAD) provides significant improvements in survival and quality of life, and here, we seek to evaluate temporal differences in the adverse event (AE) rates. Patients (n = 382) in the ADVANCE bridge-to-transplant and continued access protocol trial were assessed for bleeding, cardiac arrhythmia, infection, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and right heart failure during predetermined time periods (≤30, >30–180, >180–365, >365–730, >730–1,095 days) after HVAD implant. The Kaplan–Meier survival at 30 days, 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years was 98%, 90%, 84%, 71%, and 63%, respectively. There were significantly fewer total AEs in days >30–180 (events per patient year [EPPY] = 5.34) compared with the first 30 days post HVAD implantation (EPPY = 30.36; p < 0.0001). The total AE rate in days >180–365 (EPPY = 4.09) was also significantly lower than the event rate in days >30–180 (EPPY = 5.34; p < 0.0001). Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, infections, strokes, and right heart failure were highest immediately post implant and lower rates occurred after 6 months. After 1 year, all AEs exhibited stable rates that were comparable up to 3 years of support (all p > 0.05). This changing risk over time has clinically meaningful implications toward improving patient management.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of the Native Kidney
Authors: Hwang Yunsup , Shin Yu Ri , Lee Su Lim , Won Yoo Dong , Ku Young Mi
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the axial approach for real-time ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy along Brödel avascular plane.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis of 41 percutaneous biopsies performed from June 2014 to June 2015, patients' medical records, pathology results, complication rate, and pain score before and during the procedure were reviewed.

Results

The average number of sampled glomeruli was 16.1 ± 7.2 (mean ± SD). There were no major complications. The 2 minor complications, transient macrohematuria and small perirenal hematoma, occurred at a rate of 4.89% but regressed spontaneously in both cases.

Conclusions

The axial approach along Brödel avascular plane is a feasible alternative approach for percutaneous biopsy of the native kidney.
Fronto-parietal Organization for Response Times in Inhibition of Return: The FORTIOR Model
Authors: Seidel Malkinson Tal , Bartolomeo Paolo
Published: May 2017

Inhibition of Return (IOR) refers to a slowing of response times (RTs) for visual stimuli repeated at the same spatial location, as compared to stimuli occurring at novel locations. The functional mechanisms and the neural bases of this phenomenon remain debated. Here we present FORTIOR, a model of the cortical control of visual IOR in the human brain. The model is based on known facts about the anatomical and functional organization of fronto-parietal attention networks, and accounts for a broad range of behavioral findings in healthy participants and brain-damaged patients. FORTIOR does that by combining four principles of asymmetry: a) Asymmetry in the networks topography, whereby the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) nodes are lateralized to the right hemisphere, causing higher activation levels in the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye field (FEF) nodes. b) Asymmetry in inter-hemispheric connectivity, in which inter-hemispheric connections from left hemisphere IPS to right hemisphere IPS and from left hemisphere FEF to right hemisphere FEF are weaker than in the opposite direction. c) Asymmetry of visual inputs, stipulating that the FEF receives direct visual input coming from the ipsilateral visual cortex, while the right TPJ and vlPFC and IPS nodes receive input from both the contralateral and the ipsilateral visual fields. d) Asymmetry in the response modality, with a higher response threshold for the manual response system than that required to trigger a saccadic response. This asymmetry results in saccadic IOR being more robust to interference than manual IOR. FORTIOR accounts for spatial asymmetries in the occurrence of IOR after brain damage and after non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation on parietal and frontal regions. It also provides a framework to understand dissociations between manual and saccadic IOR, and makes testable predictions for future experiments to assess its validity.
Smc6 And Top1 Prevent Aberrant Recombination At The Silent Mating-Type Locus HMR In Budding Yeast
Authors: Tran Martin , Sjogren Camilla , Kegel Andreas
Published: May 2017

The structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6 (Smc5/6) complex controls recombination in response to replicative stress, within the ribosomal DNA, and at telomeres. It has also been suggested to act in parallel with topoisomerase 1 (Top1) in the resolution of replication-induced superhelical stress under unperturbed conditions. In addition to this, human Smc5/6 was recently shown to suppress the expression of genes present on episomal DNA. The here presented study aimed to investigate the function of Smc5/6 at the transcriptionally silenced, heterochromatin-like loci HML and HMR in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using a silencing reporter assay and the temperature-sensitive smc6-56 mutant we found no evidence that Smc5/6 directly influences the maintenance or spreading of silenced domains. However, the results show that Smc6 associates with silent chromatin at HMR in a Sir2-dependent manner, and that Smc6 malfunction triggers aberrant recombination that leads to genomic rearrangement of HMR. This is also observed in top1Δ cells, and the results suggest that Smc5/6 and Top1 work in the same pathway. Taken together with results indicating that abnormal recombination in smc6-56 cells is suppressed by sir2Δ, this investigation indicates that Smc5/6 and Top1 act together to prevent aberrant recombination at the silenced mating-type loci HML and HMR. In the context of the already established functions of Smc5/6 and Top1, it suggests that unresolved replication-induced superhelical stress triggers recombination at silenced chromatin domains.
Learning disability and the Scottish Mental Health Act
Authors: Welsh Heather , Morrison Gary
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 for people with learning disabilities in Scotland, in the context of the recent commitment by the Scottish Government to review the place of learning disability (LD) within the Act.

Design/methodology/approach

All current compulsory treatment orders (CTO) including LD as a type of mental disorder were identified and reviewed. Data was collected on duration and type of detention (hospital or community based) for all orders. For those with additional mental illness and/or personality disorder, diagnoses were recorded. For those with LD only, symptoms, severity of LD and treatment were recorded.

Findings

In total, 11 per cent of CTOs included LD as a type of mental disorder. The majority of these also included mental illness. The duration of detention for people with LD only was almost double that for those without LD. A variety of mental illness diagnoses were represented, psychotic disorders being the most common (54 per cent). Treatment was broad and multidisciplinary. In all, 87 per cent of people with LD only were prescribed psychotropic medication authorised by CTO.

Originality/value

There has been limited research on the use of mental health legislation for people with learning disabilities. This project aids understanding of current practice and will be of interest to readers both in Scotland and further afield. It will inform the review of LD as a type of mental disorder under Scottish mental health law, including consideration of the need for specific legislation.
Capacity to consent to sexual relations and the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Butler-Cole Victoria
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline the current state of the Court of Protection case law on capacity to consent to sexual relations and identifies a number of difficulties with the present position.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews and summarises the current case law.

Findings

This paper identifies problems arising with the court’s approach to assessing capacity to consent to sexual relations, in particular the problems caused by treating decisions about sexual relations as generic, but decisions about contact with other people as specific.

Originality/value

This paper is a comprehensive summary of the current state of the application of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in this sensitive area.
Does hotel employees’ quality of work life mediate the effect of psychological capital on job outcomes?
Authors: Kim Taegoo (Terry) , Karatepe Osman M. , Lee Gyehee , Lee Seungjae , Hur Kyungsuk , Xijing Cui
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This study aims to investigate quality of work life (QWL) as a partial mediator of the impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on service recovery performance (SRP) and turnover intentions (TI).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from 288 frontline employees in ten five-star hotels with a one-month time lag in three waves in Busan, Korea. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the direct and mediating effects.

Findings

As expected, PsyCap heightens QWL and SRP, while it reduces propensity to leave the current organization. QWL partially mediates the association between PsyCap and the two critical outcomes.

Practical Implications

Management of hotels should recognize the importance of PsyCap and assess candidates’ PsyCap during selection process. Using the PsyCap questionnaire, organizations can select candidates who possess positive personal resources. In addition, hotels may consider the assessment of frontline employees’ PsyCap to ascertain which employees can succeed in challenging situations. It is also important to create a healthy and happy environment where employees are willing to be more productive and contribute more to organizational performance.

Originality/value

The extant hospitality research is devoid of empirical evidence about the outcomes of PsyCap and QWL such as SRP.
Work engagement and turnover intentions
Authors: Babakus Emin , Yavas Ugur , Karatepe Osman M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to gauge the effects of challenge and hindrance stressors as well as three high-performance work practices (HPWPs) such as training, empowerment and rewards on work engagement (WE) and turnover intentions (TI). This study also tests customer orientation (COR) as a moderator of these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Data gathered from frontline hotel employees in Northern Cyprus in two time periods with a time lag of two weeks were used to test the relationships.

Findings

The results suggest that both challenge and hindrance stressors heighten TI and empowerment fosters WE. Rewards alleviate TI. More importantly, COR acts as a moderator of the effects of challenge and hindrance stressors as well as training, empowerment and rewards on WE and TI.

Practical implications

Management needs to hire employees high on COR and develop training programs that boost employees’ customer-oriented behaviors. Employees should also be allowed to craft the level of job demands and resources as long as the work is congruent with management expectations.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the extant hospitality knowledge by testing COR as a moderator of the effects of challenge and hindrance stressors and HPWPs on WE and TI.
The experimental behavior of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete slabs with fire protection systems subjected to standard fire exposure
Authors: Bakhtiyari Saeed , Kalali Arsalan , Taghi Akbari Leila , Farahbod Farhang
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate fire resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened concrete slabs in two forms of unprotected and protected against fire.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the objective, an unstrengthened and two CFRP-strengthened concrete slabs were first subjected to increasing gravity loading until failure. Subsequently, the unstrengthened concrete slab was placed on a furnace and was subjected to a constant service gravity load and then, the temperature of the furnace was increased according to a standard temperature–time curve until the failure of the slab occurred. This slab was strengthened by CFRP with two different amounts and then, in two cases of unprotected and protected against fire, was tested in accordance with the aforementioned method.

Findings

The gravity test results revealed that CFRP strips bonded to concrete slabs increased the load-bearing capacity considerably. So, this method can be suitable for flexural strengthening of concrete slabs. The fire test results showed that because of more load-bearing capacity and subsequently increase in service gravity load, the strengthened concrete slab failed in a short time due to the lack of CFRP resistance against fire. By contrast, the protected specimens resisted the fire in a considerable time. In addition, it was revealed that details of fire protective coating had an important effect on fire resistance duration.

Originality/value

It is notable that in the literature, there is a lack of data on the fire endurance of fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened concrete slabs alone without any fire protection system. Furthermore, the applicability and effectiveness of a new kind of spray mineral fire protective coatings was evaluated.
The relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change
Authors: Malik Parul , Garg Pooja
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change. Also, the paper examines the mediating effect of employee resilience on the relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprised of responses from 510 employees’ working in information technology companies based in India. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to analyse the proposed measurement model and structural equation modelling was used to test the study hypotheses. Additionally, the study utilized mediation analyses proposed by Preacher and Hayes (2004) to investigate the mediating role of employee resilience.

Findings

The results show significant relationship between the study variables. Employee resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change.

Practical implications

Examining the relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and employee resilience can have significant implications for organizations. The proposed study framework can be utilized by the researchers and human resource practitioners to frame organizational practices and interventions to develop a pool of resilient and change committed workforce.

Originality/value

First, the general understanding of the relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change is scant in literature. Second, the study extends the previous research by investigating the mediating role of employee resilience between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change.
Social responsibility and crowdfunding businesses: a measurement development study
Authors: Marom Shaike
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of social responsibility of crowdfunding industry, an industry that is expanding rapidly as an alternative source of finance and new business model, while failing to sufficiently advance and adhere to good social responsibility practices. The paper develops a stakeholder-based rating system of corporate social responsibility (CSR) among crowdfunding platforms that could assist in making this industry more trustworthy and robust.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is based on exploratory research methodology, using interviews as data collection tool, to develop an initial understanding of the dimension and issues that define a construct for measuring the social responsibility of crowdfunding businesses.

Findings

The paper offers a preliminary construct for measuring the social responsibility of crowdfunding businesses, which identifies the stakeholders’ dimensions to be measured, assigned a relative weight for those stakeholders within an aggregated CSR measure and identified the social responsibility issues to be gauged.

Originality/value

This research adds to the understanding of the under studied subject of social responsibility of crowdfunding industry by developing a stakeholder-based rating system of CSR among crowdfunding businesses that could assist in making this industry more trustworthy and robust, thereby laying out an agenda for further research on the topic.
Back to basics: exploring perceptions of stakeholders within the Swedish fashion industry
Authors: Pedersen Esben Rahbek Gjerdrum , Lauesen Linne Marie , Kourula Arno
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the conventional stakeholder model mirrors managerial perceptions of the stakeholder environment in the Swedish fashion industry. The authors aim to adopt a novel approach to stakeholder measurement, as the traditional stakeholder model is constrained by its static two-dimensional nature, which captures neither the nuances of the stakeholder literature nor the dynamics of the firm’s stakeholder universe.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirically, the paper is based on findings from a survey among 492 Swedish fashion manufacturers and retailers.

Findings

The paper reports significant discrepancy between the conventional stakeholder model and the perceptions of real-life managers of the stakeholder environment. On the surface, their understanding is more in line with the managerial model of the firm from which the stakeholder literature originally departs. It is argued, however, that the discrepancy may be rooted in technology rather than theory as the stakeholder model is constrained by its static two-dimensional nature, which captures neither the nuances of the stakeholder literature nor the dynamics of the firm’s stakeholder universe. The paper, therefore, introduces an animated alternative to the conventional stakeholder model that provides a richer graphical representation of a firm’s stakeholder universe.

Research limitations/implications

The paper refers to the open-ended questions in the survey in terms of descriptive statistics, and not the entire quantitative measures in the survey. This is because these questions are crucial to the authors’ approach to the suggested new stakeholder model, which is not tested quantitatively, but should be perceived as explorative – as a qualitative outcome of the survey. The survey is conducted through the web in the Swedish fashion industry only; thus; the authors’ suggested model needs further quantitative qualification, which the authors plead for in future research.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is its novel approach to stakeholder measurement based on the perceptions of real-life managers of the stakeholder environment of the Swedish fashion industry. The traditional stakeholder model is constrained by its static two-dimensional nature, which the paper’s animated three-dimensional alternative provides a richer graphical representation of a firm’s stakeholder universe.
Whistleblowers and Outcomes of Financial Misrepresentation Enforcement Actions
Authors: CALL ANDREW C. , MARTIN GERALD S. , SHARP NATHAN Y. , WILDE JARON H.
Published: May 2017

Whistleblowers are ostensibly a valuable resource to regulators investigating securities violations, but whether there is a link between whistleblower involvement and the outcomes of enforcement actions is unclear. Using a data set of employee whistleblowing allegations obtained from the U.S. government and the universe of enforcement actions for financial misrepresentation, we find that whistleblower involvement is associated with higher monetary penalties for targeted firms and employees and with longer prison sentences for culpable executives. We also find that regulators more quickly begin enforcement proceedings when whistleblowers are involved. Our findings suggest that whistleblowers are a valuable source of information for regulators who investigate and prosecute financial misrepresentation.
Ferulic Acid and Naturally Occurring Compounds Bearing a Feruloyl Moiety: A Review on Their Structures, Occurrence, and Potential Health Benefits
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Eliane , Batista Ronan
Published: May 2017

The ubiquitous compound 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid, also known as ferulic acid (FA), constitutes a bioactive ingredient of many foods that may offer beneficial effects against disorders related to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant properties of FA, establishing relationships to several biological activities already described for this natural product. Next, 387 naturally occurring compounds, all isolated from plants and published between 1990 and 2015, the structures of which bear 1 or more feruloyl moieties, are covered in this review along with their structural formulas, botanical sources, and bioactivities. The compounds’ distribution, structural patterns, bioactivities, and perspectives on food research are also succinctly discussed.
Confronting preferential sampling when analysing population distributions: diagnosis and model‐based triage
Authors: Conn Paul B. , Thorson James T. , Johnson Devin S.
Published: May 2017

Population surveys are often used to estimate the density, abundance, or distribution of natural populations. Recently, model‐based approaches to analyzing survey data have become popular because one can more readily accommodate departures from pre‐planned survey routes and construct more detailed maps than one can with design‐based procedures.

Spatial models for population distributions (SMPDs) often make the implicit assumption that locations chosen for sampling and animal abundance at those locations are conditionally independent given modelled covariates. However, this assumption may be violated when survey effort is non‐randomized, leading to preferential sampling.

We develop a hierarchical statistical modelling framework for detecting and alleviating the biasing effects of preferential sampling in spatial distribution models fitted to count data. The approach works by specifying a joint model for population density and the locations selected for sampling, and specifying a dependent correlation structure between the two processes.

Using simulation, we show that moderate levels of preferential sampling can lead to large (e.g. 40%) bias in estimates of animal density and that our modelling approach can considerably reduce this bias. In contrast, preferential sampling did not appear to bias inferences about parameters informing species–habitat relationships (i.e. slope parameters).

We apply our approach to aerial survey counts of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the eastern Bering Sea. As expected, models with a preferential sampling effect led to lower abundance than those without. However, several lines of reasoning (better predictive performance, higher biological realism) led us to prefer models without a preferential sampling effect for this dataset.

When population surveys break from traditional scientific survey design principles, ecologists should recognize the potentially biasing effects of preferential sampling when estimating population density or occurrence. Joint models, such as those described in this paper, can be used to test and correct for such biases. However, such models can be unstable; ultimately the best way to avoid preferential sampling bias is to incorporate design‐based principles such as randomization and/or systematic sampling into survey design.
Recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for allergen‐specific immunotherapy
Authors: Pohlit H. , Bellinghausen I. , Frey H. , Saloga J.
Published: May 2017

The number of patients suffering from allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis has increased dramatically within the last decades. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only available cause‐oriented therapy so far. AIT reduces symptoms, but has also a disease‐modifying effect. Disadvantages are a long‐lasting procedure, and in a few cases potential systemic adverse reactions. Encapsulation of allergens or DNA vaccines into nanostructures may provide advantages compared to the conventional AIT with noncapsulated allergen extracts: The protein/DNA molecule can be protected from degradation, higher local concentrations and targeted delivery to the site of action appear possible, and most importantly, recognition of encapsulated allergen by the immune system, especially by IgE antibodies, is prevented. AIT with nanoparticles (NPs) may offer a safer and potentially more efficient way of treatment for allergic diseases. In this review, we summarize the use of biodegradable NPs consisting of synthetic or natural polymers, liposomes, and virus‐like particles as well as nonbiodegradable NPs like dendrimers, and carbon‐ or metal‐based NPs for AIT. More or less successful applications of these NPs in prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccination approaches in rodents or other animals as well as first human clinical trials are discussed in detail.
Non‐allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Authors: Hellings P. W. , Klimek L. , Cingi C. , Agache I. , Akdis C. , Bachert C. , Bousquet J. , Demoly P. , Gevaert P. , Hox V. , Hupin C. , Kalogjera L. , Manole F. , Mösges R. , Mullol J. , Muluk N. B. , Muraro A. , Papadopoulos N. , Pawankar R. , Rondon C. , Rudenko M. , Seys S. F. , Toskala E. , Van Gerven L. , Zhang L. , Zhang N. , Fokkens W. J.
Published: May 2017

This EAACI position paper aims at providing a state‐of‐the‐art overview on nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). A significant number of patients suffering from persistent rhinitis are defined as nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis (NANIR) patients, often denominated in short as having NAR. NAR is defined as a symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa with the presence of a minimum of two nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and/or itchy nose, without clinical evidence of endonasal infection and without systemic signs of sensitization to inhalant allergens. Symptoms of NAR may have a wide range of severity and be either continuously present and/or induced by exposure to unspecific triggers, also called nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR). NHR represents a clinical feature of both AR and NAR patients. NAR involves different subgroups: drug‐induced rhinitis, (nonallergic) occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis (including pregnancy rhinitis), gustatory rhinitis, senile rhinitis, and idiopathic rhinitis (IR). NAR should be distinguished from those rhinitis patients with an allergic reaction confined to the nasal mucosa, also called “entopy” or local allergic rhinitis (LAR). We here provide an overview of the current consensus on phenotypes of NAR, recommendations for diagnosis, a treatment algorithm, and defining the unmet needs in this neglected area of research.
Riding the Rhino: Conservation, Conflicts, and Militarisation of Kaziranga National Park in Assam
Authors: Barbora Sanjay
Published: May 2017

Since 2004, media and public opinion in Assam (India) have focused on increasing instances of poaching of rhinoceros for their horns and presence of Bengali‐speaking Muslim peasants, especially in and around the iconic Kaziranga National Park. From hastily made digital films, to anti‐poaching motifs at Durga Puja pandals, the plight of the rhinoceros has occupied an important position in an acrimonious political discourse on Assamese culture. The innocence and dignity attributed to the animal stands in marked contrast to the lack of discussion on the large numbers of young men who have been killed in anti‐poaching campaigns by the state. This article looks at the interstices of class, culture and commerce in an attempt to understand the popular deification of the rhinoceros and implications of the developmental discourse that seeks to put people and rhino in their “rightful” place.
ELAC (3,12‐di‐O‐acetyl‐8‐O‐tigloilingol), a plant‐derived lathyrane diterpene, induces subventricular zone neural progenitor cell proliferation through PKCβ activation
Authors: Murillo‐Carretero Maribel , Geribaldi‐Doldán Noelia , Flores‐Giubi Eugenia , García‐Bernal Francisco , Navarro‐Quiroz Elkin A , Carrasco Manuel , Macías‐Sánchez Antonio J , Herrero‐Foncubierta Pilar , Delgado‐Ariza Antonio , Verástegui Cristina , Domínguez‐Riscart Jesús , Daoubi Mourad , Hernández‐Galán Rosario , Castro Carmen
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose

Pharmacological strategies aimed to facilitate neuronal renewal in the adult brain, by promoting endogenous neurogenesis, constitute promising therapeutic options for pathological or traumatic brain lesions. We have previously shown that non‐tumour‐promoting PKC‐activating compounds (12‐deoxyphorbols) promote adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation in vitro and in vivo, enhancing the endogenous neurogenic response of the brain to a traumatic injury. Here, we show for the first time that a diterpene with a lathyrane skeleton can also activate PKC and promote NPC proliferation.

Experimental Approach

We isolated four lathyranes from the latex of Euphorbia plants and tested their effect on postnatal NPC proliferation, using neurosphere cultures. The bioactive lathyrane ELAC (3,12‐di‐O‐acetyl‐8‐O‐tigloilingol) was also injected into the ventricles of adult mice to analyse its effect on adult NPC proliferation in vivo.

Key Results

The lathyrane ELAC activated PKC and significantly increased postnatal NPC proliferation in vitro, particularly in synergy with FGF2. In addition ELAC stimulated proliferation of NPC, specifically affecting undifferentiated transit amplifying cells. The proliferative effect of ELAC was reversed by either the classical/novel PKC inhibitor Gö6850 or the classical PKC inhibitor Gö6976, suggesting that NPC proliferation is promoted in response to activation of classical PKCs, particularly PKCß. ELAC slightly increased the proportion of NPC expressing Sox2. The effects of ELAC disappeared upon acetylation of its C7‐hydroxyl group.

Conclusions and Implications

We propose lathyranes like ELAC as new drug candidates to modulate adult neurogenesis through PKC activation. Functional and structural comparisons between ELAC and phorboids are included.
Multi‐institutional retrospective study of mucoepidermoid carcinoma treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy
Authors: Shirai Katsuyuki , Koto Masashi , Demizu Yusuke , Suefuji Hiroaki , Ohno Tatsuya , Tsuji Hiroshi , Okimoto Tomoaki , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Saitoh Jun‐ichi , Nemoto Kenji , Nakano Takashi , Kamada Tadashi ,   The Japan Carbon‐Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with mucoepidermoid carcinomas in the head and neck treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy. Data from 26 patients who underwent carbon‐ion radiotherapy in four facilities were analyzed in this multi‐institutional retrospective study: the Japan Carbon‐ion Radiation Oncology Study Group. The median follow‐up time was 34 months. One patient experienced local recurrence, and the 3‐year local control rate was 95%. One patient developed lymph node recurrence and five developed distant metastases. The 3‐year progression‐free survival rate was 73%. Five patients died, two of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and three of intercurrent disease. The 3‐year overall survival rate was 89%. Acute mucositis and dermatitis of grade 3 or higher were experienced by 19% and 8% of patients, respectively; these improved with conservative therapy. Late mucositis and osteonecrosis of jaw were observed in 12% and 23% of patients, respectively. The 3‐year cumulative rate of any late adverse event of grade 3 or higher was 14%. None of the patients died of the acute or late adverse events. Carbon‐ion radiotherapy was efficacious and safe for treating mucoepidermoid carcinoma in this multi‐institutional retrospective study (registration no. UMIN000024473). We are currently undertaking a prospective multicenter study.
Therapeutic residential care in Spain. Population treated and therapeutic coverage
Authors: Martín Eduardo , González‐García Carla , del Valle Jorge F. , Bravo Amaia
Published: May 2017

Therapeutic residential care (TRC) is the name given to specialized children's homes for treating cases with severe emotional and behavioural problems that have been placed in residential care. A recent international review has revealed great diversity in the referral criteria of cases and in the models of intervention carried out. The goal of this study is to describe the population treated in these types of facilities in Spain and the therapeutic coverage given. The sample is made up of 215 young people in children's homes, of whom 93 are in TRC. The cases referred to TRC have been in residential care for less time but have gone through a greater number of placements. These young people also exhibit more problems of drug use, and there is a larger percentage of clinical‐range cases in the Child Behaviour Checklist scales of attention problems and aggressive behaviour. Nevertheless, the results of logistic regression indicate that the only variables that significantly increase the probability of being referred to TRC are drug use and changes of care placements. With regard to therapeutic care, there is a higher percentage in the TRC group receiving psychiatric care, and the sessions are also more frequent.
An arduous journey from human pluripotent stem cells to functional pancreatic β cells
Authors: Loo Larry Sai Weng , Lau Hwee Hui , Jasmen Joanita Binte , Lim Chang Siang , Teo Adrian Kee Keong
Published: May 2017

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are caused by a destruction and decrease in the number of functional insulin‐producing β cells, respectively; therefore, the generation of functional β cells from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, collectively known as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), for potential cell replacement therapy and disease modelling is an intensely investigated area. Recent scientific breakthroughs enabled derivation of large quantities of human pancreatic β‐like cells in vitro, although with varied glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion kinetics. In the present review, we comprehensively summarize, compare and critically analyze the intricacies of these developing technologies, including differentiation platforms, robustness of protocols, and methodologies used to characterize hPSC‐derived β‐like cells. We also discuss experimental issues that need to be resolved before these β‐like cells can be used clinically.