bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for Processing Distiller Liquid for Commercial Products
Authors: Vafayev O. , Kurbanova A.
Published: November 2023

Soda ash is widely used in the glass, chemical, metallurgical, petroleum, textile, pulp and paper, food, paint and varnish industries, in the production of various salts, artificial fiber, in the leather industry, in the purification of water and brines. Currently, there are more than 75 soda enterprises in the world, producing 50-65 million tons of soda ash per year. Of the existing methods for producing soda ash, the most widespread (70%) is the ammonia method. Currently, distillation liquid is almost not processed and from the distillation station is first sent to storage tanks (the so-called white seas), and then discharged into water bodies, which leads to their pollution and salting. In the JV LLC Kungrad Soda Plant of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the distiller liquid after the distillation process in the ADCF (Absorption Distillation Carbonization Filtration) workshop of the I and II stages of soda ash production is discharged into a sludge storage tank for liquid waste. The volume of discharged distiller liquid is 9.08×10 m3per 1 ton of finished product (this amounts to 5448-5493.4 m3 per day, more than 1.8 million m3 per year).
Changes in the Dynamics of Aspartate and Alanine Aminotransferase Activity During Germination of Hordeum vulgare L. Seeds
Authors: Orujova T. , Mammadzade N.
Published: November 2023

Seed germination is the most important stage in the life cycle of a plant. During seed germination, various metabolic processes that ensure seedling growth are activated and important physiological and biochemical changes occur. The dynamics of changes in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase enzymes during germination in the grain of two Hordeum vulgare L. genotypes were studied. It was found that a gradual increase in enzyme activity was observed in grain a few hours after the beginning of the germination process.
Study of the Chemical Composition of Soil in the Natural-Technogenic Territory Aidarken
Authors: Imatali-kyzy K. , Tilekova A.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of an analysis of the content of microelements in the soils of the biogeochemical territory of Aidarken. Soil samples for analysis were taken from the top layer of soil cover (0-20 cm) at 3 points in the study area. Chemical analyzes for fertility elements (gross content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, humus, absorption capacity, carbonate content, pH) and analysis for mechanical composition were carried out in the laboratory of the Republican Soil-Agrochemical Station of the Kyrgyzgiprozem State Research Institute under the Ministry of Agriculture and Mineral Resources of the Kyrgyz Republic. The soils of the studied areas belong to the following types: dark Turanian gray soils and mountain brown dry-steppe soils. Antimony, as an accompanying element of mercury, is above the maximum permissible concentration in all areas of the soil cover. High concentrations of individual heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn) were found in the tailings area.
Some Issues of Urban Environment Restoration (On the Example of the City Service of the Plant for Public Services and Amenities and Planting of Greenery of Osh City)
Authors: Koshueva K. , Zhumabaeva T.
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the current problems in planting seedlings of flower crops of the greenhouse economy of the services of the city of Osh. As practice shows, green spaces play a huge role in cleaning the city's air. Based on this, it is necessary to grow healthy, strong seedlings of flower crops, but the task is not easy, because it is known that seedlings often suffer from infectious and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, timely prevention and protective measures will help prevent plant damage or reduce damage if the disease has already manifested itself. The authors conducted laboratory studies and proposed methods of pest control.
Vladimir Varieties of Spring Triticale - Valuable Starting Material for Breeding
Authors: Tyslenko A. , Zuev D.
Published: November 2023

Spring hexaploid triticale is a promising grain crop for fodder production. The increase of sown areas under the crop is inseparably connected with the creation of new high-yielding stress-resistant varieties. At present, the most effective method of breeding the crop is classical intraspecific hybridization using as a parental component of early developed released varieties of local breeding. In the Central region of the Russian Federation, spring triticale varieties of Vladimir selection are of great breeding value. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of Vladimir varieties of spring triticale on productivity, thousand seed weight, ear productivity, to obtain hybrid and breeding material on the basis of the identified best varieties. For the objective evaluation of varieties, we calculated adaptability parameters: intensity index (coefficient) and stability index. As a result of the research, it was found that Vladimir selection forms are valuable source material for breeding new varieties for performance, disease resistance and plasticity. Promising source material for breeding for precocity — plastic varieties Slovo, Dorofeya, Rossika, performance — medium-ripening varieties Seltso, Dobroe, Grebeshok, Bolero, medium-late Kvadro, seed size: Normann, Karmen, Dobroe, Kvadro. Using the identified varieties as parental components, new hybrid material was created. The efficiency of selection of high-yielding spring triticale plants from hybrid populations F3-F4amounted to 29-47%.
Study of Blood Analysis of First-year Indian Students Upon Arrival in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek)
Authors: Niyazalieva A. , Karaeva R. , Kalimova R.
Published: November 2023

Our study focuses on the analysis of red blood cells and leukocyte formula indicators in foreign students from India upon their arrival in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the leukocyte formula results, during the short-term adaptation phase, no tendencies of overexertion or disruptions in the adaptation mechanism were observed among both male and female Indian students. Furthermore, there was no observed decline in health levels or the onset of acute and chronic diseases during this period. The resilience of the body to stress reactions under different socio-climatic conditions showed that the general blood analysis parameters for these students remained within the bounds of stable homeostasis, determined by their individual potential.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Focus on Nervous System Lesions
Authors: Yusupov F. , Yuldashev A.
Published: November 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome are two rare and complex diseases that can affect various organs and systems of the human body. Systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototype of connective tissue diseases that can present with a full spectrum of neurological and mental disorders. It is quite difficult to establish an accurate etiological diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with predominant neuropsychiatric symptoms. The exact timing of neurological manifestations remains controversial: either the central nervous system is the initial target of autoimmune disorders, or neurological symptoms are part of a multisystem lesion. Antiphospholipid syndrome is a prothrombotic systemic autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical and pathological manifestations and is a well-established cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, especially in young patients. There is growing recognition of a broader spectrum of cerebrovascular lesions associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, including white matter hyperintensities, cortical atrophy, and lacunar infarcts, which may have clinically important neurocognitive consequences. The article provides a review of the literature examining the spectrum of neurological disorders in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and the inflammatory and cytokine mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of nervous system damage in systemic lupus erythematosus.
The State of the Visual Organ in Medical Students According to the Questionnaire
Authors: Seisembaeva A. , Baltabaev T. , Aidarov Z. , Keldibaeva A.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the state of vision of medical students before and after admission to university. The purpose of this article is: to analyze the state of vision of students based on an anonymous questionnaire. The collected data revealed that more than half of medical students had no visual problems before entering the university, and after admission this indicator decreased by two, i. e. 61.3% of students had visual impairments at the time of the questionnaire. We have revealed what measures these students are taking and how the educational process, including distance learning, has affected their eyesight.
Artificial Intelligence and Geoinformation Systems
Authors: Amankulova N. , Molmakova M. , Karimova G.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses modern aspects of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in GIS. Integrating AI into GIS opens new opportunities and prospects for analyzing and processing geographic data. This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in GIS and its impact on various aspects of geographic information science. The main tasks that AI can solve in GIS are described, such as automatic recognition of objects on the map, forecasting and modeling of geographic processes, optimization of routes and decision making. It also discusses various methods and types of artificial intelligence that are used in GIS, such as neural networks and machine learning. Examples of specific applications of AI in GIS are described, such as fire forecasting, terrain analysis to find resources, determining the optimal location of infrastructure, and others. The stages of using artificial intelligence to solve geoinformation problems are presented. The study shows that the use of artificial intelligence in geographic information systems contributes to more accurate and efficient analysis of geographic data, helps to identify hidden patterns, and improve decision making in various areas. Artificial intelligence is becoming an important tool for working with geodata and contributes to the development of more intelligent and automated GIS.
Technology for Extraction of Scandium From Cake of Kadamzhay Antimony Plant
Authors: Ibraeva Zh. , Shabdanova E. , Tunguchbekova Zh. , Akzholova K. , Murzubraimov B. , Ysmanov E.
Published: November 2023

A method for extracting scandium from the cake of the Kadamzhai antimony plant is considered. For this purpose, the quantitative determination of scandium by photocolorimetry was used. The technology differs in timing. Each stage of the processing process has its own characteristics. The implementation of this will significantly intensify all technology processes, increase their economic efficiency and reduce the cost of commercial products.
Features of the Consent of Spouses to Make Transactions on the Disposal of Property
Authors: Ablyatipova N. , Grigorchuk N.
Published: November 2023

Family legislation proclaims the equality of the rights of spouses in the family. Nevertheless, the legal effect of this fundamental principle regarding the property relations of the spouses seems very doubtful. Thus, paragraph 2 of Article 35 of the Family Code establishes the “presumption of consent” of the spouse to carry out transactions with common property. However, in the practical implementation of this norm, its imperfections manifest themselves. Due to the obvious uncertainty and misinterpretation of the term “presumption of consent”, the property rights of one of the spouses are often violated. In this regard, the authors set a goal: to analyze and systematize the positions of civil scientists and materials of judicial practice in order to identify the most common problems that arise when considering cases of this category. Results: the analysis of the legal nature and purpose of the “presumption of consent” was carried out, the need for its concretization was revealed, indicating the circle of persons and legal relations to which it is applicable. Conclusions: based on the analysis of legislation, the doctrine of civil law, the problems of determining the legal nature and scope of the “presumption of consent” are formulated. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed recommendations for improving legislation.
Consequences and Risks of Introducing Information Technology Into the Daily Social Reality of Youth
Authors: Rudenkin D. , Lugin D.
Published: November 2023

The paper is prepared in a genre of theoretical analysis and focuses on clarification of effects the influence of digitalization of society on the everyday reality surrounding young people. The authors consider the rapid introduction of information technologies into the life of society as a complex and contradictory process, leading not only to the emergence of various new opportunities, but also to a series of remarkable risks. Basing on the analysis of current Russian and foreign scientific literature, the authors seek to clarify the specific features of young people growing up in the context of the progressive digitalization of society, and to identify the most significant risks that appear in the lives of these people due to the high intensity of use of information technologies. Using the data of their theoretical analysis, the authors make a conclusion that growing up in conditions of intensive digitalization of society accustoms young people to active use of these technologies to solve a wide variety of everyday tasks. Analysis of the results of current sociological research leads the authors to the conclusion that such a high intensity of use of information technologies confronts young people with many serious risks, which can be grouped into three types: physiological, psychological, and social ones. The authors describe the specific manifestations of each type of such risks and identify factors of sensitivity of young people to each of them. Trying to refrain from inappropriate technophobia, the authors strive to note the importance of a critical look at the ambiguous consequences of the influence of such risks on the future of young people growing up in the conditions of digitalization of society and try to invite their colleagues for professional discussion and further research on relevant issues.
Educational and Methodological Support for the Theoretical Foundations of Initial Mathematics Course Discipline
Authors: Azhimatova E.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the issues of the educational and methodological complex of the discipline of the theoretical foundations of the initial course of mathematics in teacher training colleges, which is of great importance in the training of future primary school teachers. It includes a combination of theoretical and methodological concepts. An analysis of work experience in this direction showed that professional and pedagogical orientation in teaching mathematics to future primary school teachers can be successfully implemented if certain conditions are met, such as motivation for various types of profession that involve the use of mathematics; orientation of methods and forms of teaching mathematics to prepare students for future practical work as a teacher; orientation of all classroom, extracurricular and research work with students towards practical needs and skills. In addition, the issues of motivation to study the course of theoretical foundations of the initial mathematics course were discussed. To achieve this goal, ideas have been put forward to link this college course with the elementary school mathematics course. It has been suggested that in this direction it is possible to successfully create the scientific foundations of an initial course in mathematics. The results of the study showed that with the targeted and systematic use of school textbooks, students’ assimilation of the basic concepts of the course becomes more meaningful and informative. Based on the educational program for training primary school teachers, ways to implement the educational and methodological complex in the Theoretical Foundations of the Primary Course in Mathematics discipline have been identified. A theoretical analysis of the approach to constructing an educational and methodological complex for the discipline was carried out. The model, structure, and content of the educational and methodological complex for the Theoretical Foundations of the Initial Course in Mathematics discipline at the Pedagogical College of Osh State University have been established. The results obtained will help improve the quality of teaching mathematics courses and improve the qualifications of teachers.
Student Team as a Factor of Socialization of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Zholdoshbaeva A. , Zholdoshbaev D.
Published: November 2023

Primary school age is the age of significant personality development. It is characterized by new relationships with adults and peers, entry into the entire system of teams, and entry into a new type of work — teaching, which places a number of serious demands on the student. There are two main methods for determining the essence of the socialization process: 1) socialization is a form of learning, it is a “one-way street”, society is the active party, and the person himself is a passive object of its various influences; 2) at present, the vast majority of sociologists agree with this method — it is based on the paradigm of interaction and emphasizes not only the activity shown by society (the so-called agents of socialization), but also the activity and selectivity of the individual. Research objectives: study of the student body as a factor in the socialization of younger schoolchildren. Research results: the State Educational Standard of the Kyrgyz Republic states that the main task of primary school is to form the child’s personality and develop his abilities. One of the tasks is to instill citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, patriotism, and love for the Motherland. Conclusions: pedagogy reflects the ideas of the unity of socialization and individualization of the individual, self-realization of the individual in conditions of collective activity and relationships, the idea of self-government and the development of creative abilities in the educational process.
Corpus Analysis of the Camel Concept in Kyrgyz Culture of Language
Authors: Bekturova A. , Baigobylova G.
Published: November 2023

The study is devoted to a corpus analysis of the camel (төө) concept in the context of Kyrgyz culture of language. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role and meaning of the camel in Kyrgyz culture using a corpus-based approach. The study includes an analysis of the historical connection of the camel with the Kyrgyz people, its economic significance, symbolic significance in traditions and rituals, as well as a lexical and syntactic analysis of the use of the camel concept in the Kyrgyz language. The results obtained will help to better understand and interpret the role of the camel in Kyrgyz culture and its connection with the people. They will also provide valuable information about the symbolic and practical role of the camel in the daily life of the Kyrgyz people, its significance in rituals and traditions, and its representation in literature and folklore. The study will also reveal changes or adaptations in the perception and depiction of camels over time. The multifaceted role of the camel in Kyrgyz society is considered. Analysis of a variety of texts will provide a comprehensive understanding of the cultural significance of the camel in Kyrgyz society and contribute to the broader discourse on cultural heritage and identity.
The Role of Lexical Repetition in the Text Organization When the Mountains Fall (The Eternal Bride) Novel by Ch. Aitmatov
Authors: Kabatay-kyzy A.
Published: November 2023

The author uses various means of language to deeply reveal the images of the characters in his works, to talk about their relationships, way of life, to describe beautiful pictures of nature. Among the units used as pictorial and expressive means in the artistic space of many writers, lexical repetition occupies a great place. This article is devoted to the study of lexical repetition, clarification of its functional characteristics, specificity and meaning in the space of the literary text on the material When the Mountains Fall (The Eternal Bride) literary work by Ch. Aitmatov. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that repetition is considered as a category of the text, providing its structural coherence, semantic organization, reflecting the picture of the world of the writer and the character. In modern linguistics, repetition is rightly considered a multidimensional, multifunctional and complex phenomenon. The use of this means in different language styles is still insufficiently studied. The purpose of the article is not only to identify the types of repetition and determine the functions, but also to characterize the peculiarities of their use in Chyngyz Aitmatov.
Change in Prevalence of Meningitis among Children with Febrile Seizure after the Pentavalent Vaccination
Authors: Shiva Shadi , Khanzadeh Shokoufeh , Shohanizad Vahid , Ghaedi Arshin , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: November 2023

Introduction: One of the most significant current discussions in pediatrics is whether lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed in children with febrile seizure (FS) as in the past.

Objectives: We compared the prevalence of meningitis among FS children before and after the pentavalent vaccine to determine the importance of the LP in these children.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study on the prevalence and etiology of bacterial meningitis (BM) in 1314 children with FS before and after pentavalent vaccination.

Results: We found that complex FS was more prevalent in patients aged under 12 months compared to other patients. The peak incidence of aseptic meningitis and BM was in the age group of 12- to18- and 18- to 36-month-old, respectively (P value <0.001 and <0.05, respectively). Children with complex FS had a significantly higher rate of BM and a lower rate of seizure recurrence than those with simple FS (P value <0.05). There was a significant relationship between getting the pentavalent vaccine and reducing the prevalence of BM and Hib-induced BM, but no SP-induced BM (P value <0.05 and 0.05 and 0.104, respectively).

Conclusion: This study offers some insights into the effectiveness of the pentavalent vaccine. In addition, the low prevalence of BM in vaccinated FS cases does not support strong recommendations for LP in FS children.
Open Science Policies as Regarded by the Communities of Researchers from the Basic Sciences in the Scientific Periphery
Authors: Manco Vega Alejandra
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the different open science policy effects on the knowledge generation process of researchers in basic sciences: biology, chemistry, and physics.This paper uses a qualitative methodology with a content analysis approach. It uses seventeen semi-directed interviews.The main perceived effect of open science is access to research inputs, with open access, open research data and code reuse as primary sources. Another issue is the increase of collaboration with other colleagues in terms of the ability to collaborate faster and the encouraging the exchange of ideas. However, this benefit does not translate to the division of labor in large transnational teams. Time spent on tasks like cleaning up data and code, scooping and other ethical issues are unfavorable aspects noted.Policymakers could use it to enhance current open science policies in the countries.It analyzes perspectives of basic sciences researchers from two countries about open science policies. The main conclusion is the fact that open science policies should focus on the research process itself -rather than research outputs- in order to effectively tackle inequalities in science.
Effects of dietary mycotoxins and mycotoxin adsorbent additives on production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Fornari Darci Carlos , Peixoto Silvio , Ksepka Steven P. , Bullard Stephen A. , Rossi Waldemar , Nuzback Dennis E. , Davis D. Allen
Published: November 2023

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that can adversely affect animals consuming contaminated feeds. This 71-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol plus zearalenone (DON+ZEN = 1.6 + 0.3 ppm), and fumonisins (FUM = 15 ppm), and three adsorbent additives on the production performance, hematological parameters, and liver histology of juvenile Nile tilapia. A mycotoxin-free diet (Control) formulated to contain 35% protein and 8% lipid was spiked with either DON+ZEN or FUM using contaminated corn meals replacing portions of non-spiked corn. Subsequently, three out of four DON+ZEN- and FUM-spiked diets were supplemented (0.5%) with an adsorbent. The research was carried out in a recirculating water system (2,500 L) with a controlled temperature of (25.9 ± 1.1°C), feeding was carried out twice a day at rates ranging from 5 to 8%. The experiment included nine treatments with five replications, each experimental unit consisting of an aquarium with a useful volume of 75-L and fifteen juvenile Nile tilapia (average initial weight of 4.0 ± 0.1 g). Mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent supported lower final biomass and survival of Nile tilapia relative to control and adsorbent containing diets (P ≤ 0.05). Histological examinations revealed liver inflammation evidenced by lymphocytic infiltration adjacent to pancreatic tissue in fish fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without added adsorbent. Mycotoxin contamination significantly increased HSI (hepato somatic index), which was reverted to the Control value or reduced further by adsorbent addition. Lowest and intermediate hematocrit values were observed in groups fed mycotoxin-spiked diets without and with added adsorbents, respectively. Our results reinforce the importance of using adsorbents and the need to investigate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of mycotoxins in aquaculture feeds.
Chitin scaffolds derived from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis stimulate the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Zawadzka-Knefel Anna , Rusak Agnieszka , Mrozowska Monika , Machałowski Tomasz , Żak Andrzej , Haczkiewicz-Leśniak Katarzyna , Kulus Michał , Kuropka Piotr , Podhorska-Okołów Marzenna , Skośkiewicz-Malinowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

The use of stem cells for tissue regeneration is a prominent trend in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have garnered considerable attention. When exposed to specific conditions, DPSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Scaffolds are critical for cell differentiation because they replicate the 3D microenvironment of the niche and enhance cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The purpose of this study is to present the biological responses of human DPSCs to a purified 3D chitin scaffold derived from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis and modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Responses examined included proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. The control culture consisted of the human osteoblast cell line, hFOB 1.19. Electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of the cells (transmission electron microscopy) and the surface of the scaffold (scanning electron microscopy). Cell adhesion to the scaffolds was determined by neutral red and crystal violet staining methods. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay was used for assessing osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation. We evaluated the expression of osteogenic marker genes by performing ddPCR for ALP, RUNX2, and SPP1 mRNA expression levels. The results show that the chitin biomaterial provides a favorable environment for DPSC and hFOB 1.19 cell adhesion and supports both cell proliferation and differentiation. The chitin scaffold, especially with HAp modification, isolated from A. fistularis can make a significant contribution to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Recommendations from the COST action CA17116 (SPRINT) for the standardization of perinatal derivative preparation and in vitro testing
Authors: Janev Aleksandar , Banerjee Asmita , Weidinger Adelheid , Dimec Jure , Leskošek Brane , Silini Antonietta Rosa , Cirman Tina , Wolbank Susanne , Ramuta Taja Železnik , Jerman Urška Dragin , Pandolfi Assunta , Di Pietro Roberta , Pozzobon Michela , Giebel Bernd , Eissner Günther , Ferk Polonca , Lang-Olip Ingrid , Alviano Francesco , Soritau Olga , Parolini Ornella , Kreft Mateja Erdani
Published: November 2023

Many preclinical studies have shown that birth-associated tissues, cells and their secreted factors, otherwise known as perinatal derivatives (PnD), possess various biological properties that make them suitable therapeutic candidates for the treatment of numerous pathological conditions. Nevertheless, in the field of PnD research, there is a lack of critical evaluation of the PnD standardization process: from preparation to in vitro testing, an issue that may ultimately delay clinical translation. In this paper, we present the PnD e-questionnaire developed to assess the current state of the art of methods used in the published literature for the procurement, isolation, culturing preservation and characterization of PnD in vitro. Furthermore, we also propose a consensus for the scientific community on the minimal criteria that should be reported to facilitate standardization, reproducibility and transparency of data in PnD research. Lastly, based on the data from the PnD e-questionnaire, we recommend to provide adequate information on the characterization of the PnD. The PnD e-questionnaire is now freely available to the scientific community in order to guide researchers on the minimal criteria that should be clearly reported in their manuscripts. This review is a collaborative effort from the COST SPRINT action (CA17116), which aims to guide future research to facilitate the translation of basic research findings on PnD into clinical practice.
3D bioprinting of dECM-incorporated hepatocyte spheroid for simultaneous promotion of cell-cell and -ECM interactions
Authors: Kim Min Kyeong , Jeong Wonwoo , Jeon Seunggyu , Kang Hyun-Wook
Published: November 2023

The cell spheroid technology, which greatly enhances cell-cell interactions, has gained significant attention in the development of in vitro liver models. However, existing cell spheroid technologies still have limitations in improving hepatocyte-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, which have a significant impact on hepatic function. In this study, we have developed a novel bioprinting technology for decellularized ECM (dECM)-incorporated hepatocyte spheroids that could enhance both cell-cell and -ECM interactions simultaneously. To provide a biomimetic environment, a porcine liver dECM-based cell bio-ink was developed, and a spheroid printing process using this bio-ink was established. As a result, we precisely printed the dECM-incorporated hepatocyte spheroids with a diameter of approximately 160–220 μm using primary mouse hepatocyte (PMHs). The dECM materials were uniformly distributed within the bio-printed spheroids, and even after more than 2 weeks of culture, the spheroids maintained their spherical shape and high viability. The incorporation of dECM also significantly improved the hepatic function of hepatocyte spheroids. Compared to hepatocyte-only spheroids, dECM-incorporated hepatocyte spheroids showed approximately 4.3- and 2.5-fold increased levels of albumin and urea secretion, respectively, and a 2.0-fold increase in CYP enzyme activity. These characteristics were also reflected in the hepatic gene expression levels of ALB, HNF4A, CPS1, and others. Furthermore, the dECM-incorporated hepatocyte spheroids exhibited up to a 1.8-fold enhanced drug responsiveness to representative hepatotoxic drugs such as acetaminophen, celecoxib, and amiodarone. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the dECM-incorporated spheroid printing technology has great potential for the development of highly functional in vitro liver tissue models for drug toxicity assessment.
Assessing the impact of ventilation systems on indoor air quality: a mock-up experiment in Dubai
Authors: Jung Chuloh , El Samanoudy Gamal , Alqassimi Nahla , Sherzad Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has become an important concern in Dubai, driven by public health awareness, environmental regulations, and government initiatives. The Dubai Municipality has introduced guidelines and standards for IAQ in residential and non-residential buildings, emphasizing ventilation, material selection, and testing protocols. IAQ monitoring and testing are encouraged, and public awareness campaigns educate individuals about IAQ and its impact on health. Green building regulations in Dubai also address IAQ considerations. The Dubai Municipality has comprehensively assessed IAQ in public buildings, leading to stringent regulations. However, research on IAQ improvement and challenges associated with apartment ventilation systems is limited. This study aims to evaluate the IAQ improvement and potential issues of a ventilation system in an apartment through a mock-up experiment. Factors such as air volume, ventilation system type, and supply/exhaust duct configuration are analyzed. The results show that installing a ventilation device with a ventilation rate of 0.3–0.8 times/h reduces Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentrations by 30%–50%. The IAQ improvement is not significantly influenced by air volume. Each room supply/exhaust method shows a 10% higher reduction in VOC concentrations than the supply/kitchen exhaust unit method. Preventing backflow and addressing cold drafts are recommended during ventilation system installation. Noise measurements comply with standards in most cases. These findings contribute to developing guidelines for ventilation system design and installation in apartments, promoting healthier indoor environments. Further research with a broader range of ventilation devices and real-world conditions is recommended to validate these findings.
Development of a cell-based model system for the investigation of ferroptosis
Authors: Goebel Bjarne , Carpanedo Laura , Reif Susanne , Göbel Tamara , Simonyi Svenja , Schebb Nils Helge , Steinhilber Dieter , Häfner Ann-Kathrin
Published: November 2023

Since 2005, the original three cell death mechanisms apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis are accompanied by several new forms. The most recent member, ferroptosis, was first described in 2012 and is characterized by the accumulation of iron and increased lipid peroxidation. In this study, we present a model system to study ferroptotic states in stably transfected HEK293T cells, using acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), a biomarker of ferroptosis, and/or lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2), a transferase responsible for the lipid remodeling process. In addition, we introduced an inducible expression system for 5-lipoxygenase (LO), 15-LO1 and 15-LO2, to trigger enzymatic lipid peroxidation. We characterized the system in terms of ACSL4, LPCAT2 and LO expression both on Western blot level and by laser scanning confocal microscopy as well as the intracellular localization of all enzymes. Furthermore, we verified inducibility and activity of our LOs and, in addition, analyzed non-esterified (free) and total amounts of oxylipins. When cells were incubated with the ferroptosis-inducing agents GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 or GSH reducing erastin, we observed a decrease in cell viability that was strongly enhanced in the presence of ACSL4 and LPCAT2. Interestingly, additional expression of LPCAT2 resulted in altered localization of 15-LO1, which shifted from the cytosol to the nuclear membrane. A similar localization occurred after treatment with RSL3. Therefore, on one hand, we propose that LPCAT2 is an acyltransferase that promotes ferroptotic conditions, and on the other hand, we introduce a new cell-based model system suitable for studying ferroptosis.
Novel circular RNA circ-0002727 regulates miR-144-3p/KIF14 pathway to promote lung adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Li Yang , Hong Xiu , Zhai Jingfang , Liu Ying , Li Rui , Wang Xiuli , Zhang Youwei , Lv Qian
Published: November 2023

Objective: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to participate in various cancers via sponging miRNAs (microRNAs). However, their role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive.

Methods: The transcriptome data and corresponding clinical information of lung adenocarcinoma samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed genes (DEgenes) were identified and further used to constructed a circRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Real-Time qPCR analysis was conducted to examine gene expression at transcriptional level. The regulatory mechanisms of circRNA-miRNA-gene were validated by dual-luciferase reporter array and RNA pull-down assay. Cell growth, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and transwell assay, respectively.

Results: Based on public microarray data, we systematically constructed a circRNA-associated ceRNA network including 11 DEcircRNAs, 8 DEmiRNAs and 49 DEgenes. Among the ceRNA network, we found that circ-0002727 was a key regulatory and was further confirmed to be upregulated in LUAD cancer cells. Subsequently, we found that silencing of circ-0002727 significantly suppressed the LUAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, we showed that circ-0002727 could competitively bind miR-144-3p to enhance the KIF14 expression in LUAD cells. Rescue assays indicated that circ-0002727 could regulate LUAD cell proliferation through modulating miR-144-3p/KIF14 pathway. Besides, KIF14 expression level was positively correlated with TNM stage and metastasis, and patients with high KIF14 expression suffered poor prognosis.

Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed that circ-0002727 could act as a ceRNA to regulate LUAD progression via modulating miR-144-3p/KIF14 pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
The role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis and cell fate determination
Authors: Peters Iris J. A. , de Pater Emma , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2023

The correct maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow is vital for the maintenance and operation of the human blood system. GATA2 plays a critical role in the maintenance of HSCs and the specification of HSCs into the different hematopoietic lineages, highlighted by the various defects observed in patients with heterozygous mutations in GATA2, resulting in cytopenias, bone marrow failure and increased chance of myeloid malignancy, termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying GATA2 deficiency syndrome remain to be elucidated. The detailed description of how GATA2 regulates HSC maintenance and blood lineage determination is crucial to unravel the pathogenesis of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. In this review, we summarize current advances in elucidating the role of GATA2 in hematopoietic cell fate determination and discuss the challenges of modeling GATA2 deficiency syndrome.
A zebrafish model for studying the mechanisms of newborn hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin-induced neurological damage
Authors: Guzelkaya Metehan , Onal Ebru , Gelinci Emine , Kumral Abdullah , Cakan-Akdogan Gulcin
Published: November 2023

Unresolved neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may lead to the accumulation of excess bilirubin in the body, and bilirubin in neural tissues may induce toxicity. Bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND) can result in acute or chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, causing temporary or lasting neurological dysfunction or severe damage resulting in infant death. Although serum bilirubin levels are used as an indication of severity, known and unknown individual differences affect the severity of the symptoms. The mechanisms of BIND are not yet fully understood. Here, a zebrafish newborn hyperbilirubinemia model is developed and characterized. Direct exposure to excess bilirubin induced dose- and time-dependent toxicity linked to the accumulation of bilirubin in the body and brain. Introduced bilirubin was processed by the liver, which increased the tolerance of larvae. BIND in larvae was demonstrated by morphometric measurements, histopathological analyses and functional tests. The larvae that survived hyperbilirubinemia displayed mild or severe morphologies associated with defects in eye movements, body posture and swimming problems. Interestingly, a plethora of mild to severe clinical symptoms were reproduced in the zebrafish model.
Ethnomedicinal values of Boerhaavia diffusa L. as a panacea against multiple human ailments: a state of art review
Authors: Das Sarita , Singh Puneet K. , Ameeruddin Shaikh , Kumar Bindhani Birendra , Obaidullah Wajdi J. , Obaidullah Ahmad J. , Mishra Snehasish , Mohapatra Ranjan K.
Published: November 2023

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Therapeutic botanicals (plants and derivatives) are in use since antiquity for various health ailments. The ethnic community is the repository of the information, the multifactorial therapeutic applications of which may often need scientific validation. The spreading hogweed or Boerhaavia diffusa L., also known as Punarnava, is a reassuring medicinal herb with diverse pharmacological benefits. It is used in Ayurveda in Asia and Africa as a rejuvenator or “Rasayan” for its excellent antiaging and antioxidant properties.

Aim: The study aimed at compiling the state-of-art knowledge of the medicinal benefits of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and unraveling the unexplored commercially useful bioactive constituents by establishing their possible pharmacological benefits.

Methods: The data from published literature, confined to pharmacological manifestations of various phytocomponents of Boerhaavia diffusa L. or its parts like root, leaf and stem were extracted from scientific databases, Google, Science Direct, PubMed, etc. using its antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, renoprotective, antifertility benefits and molecular docking study as search strings and keywords. Further, the reported in silico studies for bioactivity and bioavailability are detailed.

Results: The botanicals possess numerous bioactive compounds, the most widely reported ones being phenolic (punarnavoside, trans-caftaric acid, boerhavic acid), rotenoid (boeravinones A-J), flavonoid (borhaavone, quercetin, kaempferol), isoflavonoid (2′-O-methyl abronisoflavone), alkaloid (punarnavine), steroid (boerhavisterol, β-Ecdysone), anthracenes and lignans (liriodendrin, syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside). Some of the reported reassuring benefits of their purified forms or even the crude extracts are antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, cardioprotective, antifertility, etc.

Conclusion: The article provides an extensive study on such pharmacological utility to support the ethnomedicinal use of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and propose possible mechanism of the various bioactive compounds in optimising metabolic dysfunctions, healing and protecting vital body organs, often related to the magnificent antioxidant property of this ayurvedic panacea. Further, establishing specific roles of its yet-to-explore bioactive constituents for diverse pharmacological applications is suggested.
Integrative proteomic and metabonomic profiling elucidates amino acid and lipid metabolism disorder in CA-MRSA-infected breast abscesses
Authors: Yin Yongshuo , Cao Lina , Zhang Meng , Li Yingjie , Sun Chunhua , Ma Qinghua , Liu Zhaoyun , Li Chao , Yu Zhiyong , Guan Xiao
Published: November 2023

Objective

Bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing have been the gold standard for confirming community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in breast abscess with a long history. However, these tests may delay treatment and increase the risk of nosocomial infections. To handle and improve this critical situation, this study aimed to explore biomarkers that could facilitate the rapid diagnosis of CA-MRSA infection.

Methods

This study for the first time applied label-free quantitative proteomics and non-targeted metabonomics to identify potential differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in breast abscess infected with CA-MRSA compared to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The two omics data were integrated and analyzed using bioinformatics, and the results were validated using Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the identified biomarkers for diagnosing CA-MRSA infection.

Results

After using the above-mentioned strategies, 109 DEPs were identified, out of which 86 were upregulated and 23 were downregulated. Additionally, a total of 61 and 26 DEMs were initially screened in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. A conjoint analysis indicated that the amino acid metabolism, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways were co-enriched by the upstream DEPs and downstream DEMs, which may be involved in structuring the related network of CA-MRSA infection. Furthermore, three significant DEMs, namely, indole-3-acetic acid, L-(−)-methionine, and D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, displayed good discriminative abilities in early identification of CA-MRSA infection in ROC analysis.

Conclusion

As there is limited high-quality evidence and multiple omics research in this field, the explored candidate biomarkers and pathways may provide new insights into the early diagnosis and drug resistance mechanisms of CA-MRSA infection in Chinese women.