bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Awareness to Action: Institutional Agents Attempt to (Re)imagine College Readiness and Success at a No-Excuses Charter High School
Authors: Rohn Kathy Chau
Published: May 2024

Background/Context:

The “college-for-all” movement has guided education reform efforts over the last few decades. Of college-for-all adopters, the “no-excuses” charter school model is arguably the most successful and controversial. Schools that use this model produce high standardized test scores and four-year college acceptance rates for marginalized students. However, questions regarding whether the ends of college-for-all justify the practices utilized by these schools to achieve such outcomes are prevalant. Few studies have investigated how institutional agents—critical actors in the college preparation process for marginalized youth—seek to reflect on and change potentially problematic college-for-all approaches in a no-excuses charter high school context.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to understand how institutional agents perceive the ways in which the economic, social, and political drivers of the college-for-all ethos have shaped their “no-excuses” charter high school and (2) to uncover how institutional agents are attempting to (re)imagine and transform traditional “no-excuses” beliefs and practices related to college readiness and success in their high school context.

Research Design:

This study followed a qualitative case study design bound by a single no-excuses charter high school located in a city on the East Coast. Drawing on interviews with 14 institutional agents, in-person school observations, and document review, this study integrates Perna and Thomas’s (2006) college success model with Stanton-Salazar’s (2011) social capital framework to understand how institutional agents within a no-excuses charter high school context are shaped by, and have the power to shape, their school’s organizational habitus.

Conclusion:

This study highlights how institutional agents within a “successful” no-excuses charter high school grapple with changing one-size-fits-all college expectations and white and middle-class norms associated with the college-for-all ethos that have been intertwined with the no-excuses model since its inception. Because no-excuses charter schools are shaped by external pressures as well as their own longstanding habitus, findings highlight the tensions, complexity, and tradeoffs that institutional agents encountered when attempting to make change in spaces that they themselves are entrenched in. This study suggests, however, that institutional agents, when acting as empowerment agents, can resist assimilationist college preparation practices and (re)shape their school’s organizational habitus to facilitate marginalized students’ empowerment. Recommendations for policy, practice, and theory are discussed.
Magnitude of Urine Albumin and KIM-1 Changes Can be Used to Differentiate Glomerular Injury From Tubular Injury in Rats
Authors: Gu Yi-Zhong , Paul Erina , Vlasakova Katerina , Troth Sean P. , Sistare Frank D. , Ramaiah Lila , Potz Oliver , Sutradhar Santosh , Glaab Warren E.
Published: May 2024

Emerging urinary kidney safety biomarkers have been evaluated in recent years and have been shown to be superior to the serum parameters blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (sCr) for monitoring kidney injury in the proximal tubule. However, their potential application in differentiating the location of the initial kidney injury (eg, glomerulus vs tubule) has not been fully explored. Here, we assessed the performance of two algorithms that were constructed using either an empirical or a mathematical model to predict the site of kidney injury using a data set consisting of 22 rat kidney toxicity studies with known urine biomarker and histopathologic outcomes. Two kidney safety biomarkers used in both models, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and albumin (ALB), were the best performers to differentiate glomerular injury from tubular injury. The performance of algorithms using these two biomarkers against the gold standard of kidney histopathologic examination showed high sensitivity in differentiating the location of the kidney damage to either the glomerulus or the proximal tubules. These data support the exploration of such an approach for use in clinical settings, leveraging urinary biomarker data to aid in the diagnosis of either glomerular or tubular injury where histopathologic assessments are not conducted.
How Sensitive Are the Free AI-detector Tools in Detecting AI-generated Texts? A Comparison of Popular AI-detector Tools
Authors: Kar Sujita Kumar , Bansal Teena , Modi Sumit , Singh Amit
Published: May 2024

Background:

Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced academic writing. We aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the free versions of popular AI-detection software programs in detecting AI-generated text.

Methods:

We searched for AI-content-detection software on Google and selected the first 10 free versions that allowed a minimum of 500 words for text analysis. Then, we gave ChatGPT 3.5 version a command to generate a scientific article on the “Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Treatment-resistant Depression” under 500 words. After generating the primary text, we rephrased it using three different software tools. We then used AI-detection software to analyse the original and paraphrase texts.

Results:

10 AI-detector tools were tested on their ability to detect AI-generated text. The sensitivity ranged from 0% to 100%. 5 out of 10 tools detected AI-generated content with 100% accuracy. For paraphrased texts, Sapling and Undetectable AI detected all three software-generated contents with 100% accuracy. Meanwhile, Copyleaks, QuillBot, and Wordtune identified content generated by two software programs with 100% accuracy.

Conclusion:

The integration of AI technology in academic writing is becoming more prevalent. Nonetheless, relying solely on AI-generated content can diminish the author’s credibility, leading most academic journals to suggest limiting its use. AI-content-detection software programs have been developed to detect AI-generated or AI-assisted texts. Currently, some of the platforms are equally sensitive. However, future upgrades may enhance their ability to detect AI-generated text more accurately.
Clinical efficacy of Femoral Neck System for treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young adults
Authors: Guo ChangYong , Huang JiaPing , Chen ZhiBiao , Cai ZeMing , Cai TaoYi
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the mid-term clinical efficacy of the Femoral Neck System (FNS) (DePuy Synthes, Zuchwil, Switzerland) in treating young patients with unstable Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational analysis of 21 young adults treated with the FNS. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on fracture reduction quality, Harris hip scores, and postoperative complication rates.

Results

The study comprised 21 patients with a mean age of 35 years (range, 20–50 years) who were followed for a mean duration of 22.8 months (range, 16–30 months). Closed reduction was unfeasible in three (14.3%) patients, each of whom required open reduction. Notable postoperative complications were avascular necrosis in two (9.5%) patients, nonunion in one (4.7%), and implant failure in one (4.7%). Each of these complications led to the requirement for total hip arthroplasty.

Conclusion

The favorable mid-term clinical outcomes of this study indicate that the FNS is a potentially effective treatment modality for young individuals with unstable Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.
Adaptive leadership in times of crisis: Exploring situational responses and contingent factors at sub-national levels
Authors: Su Minzi
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the necessity for effective public service leadership in managing complex crises. Employing the extended case method, this study examines sub-national pandemic responses in three countries, analyzing six comparative cases across governments and healthcare organizations. It focuses on the Situational Leadership Model (SLM) amidst diverse contingent factors such as political environments, resource allocation, cultural nuances, and community engagement. The findings demonstrate the adaptability of SLM in dynamic crisis contexts, highlighting its applicability in various organizational structures and cultural settings. Particularly notable is the interplay between organizational structure and leadership dynamics, as seen in the contrasting approaches of Zhongnan Hospital and Mayo Clinic. This research augments the discourse on crisis leadership, emphasizing adaptable and context-aware leadership strategies in navigating global health crises. It offers both theoretical and practical contributions, providing strategic insights for policymakers and leaders in similar future crises.
Saracens, Moors and Islam: was there a Muslim race in medieval Europe?
Authors: Kumar Deepa
Published: May 2024

Against the view that antecedents to modern racism can be found in medieval Europe’s depictions of Moors, Saracens and the prophet Muhammad, this article demonstrates that representations of Muslims from the seventh to the fifteenth centuries were both respectful and resentful, lacking the kind of coherence necessary to show a pattern of racialisation. Rather than reflecting a structural continuity with the Orientalism that emerged in the nineteenth century, the representations that prevailed were the product of the power interests at play in specific historical and geographical contexts. Certainly, there was prejudice, xenophobia and ethnocentrism, sometimes taking forms that superficially resemble modern racisms. But only with the rise of various European powers as empires in the modern era did it become possible to ideologically and structurally racialise Muslims. Thus, ‘race’ should be seen as a modern development that accompanied the rise of capitalism and European colonialism.
Preserving the history of the American Library Association
Authors: Bertram Cara
Published: May 2024

The American Library Association Archives at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is the official repository of the American Library Association, the world’s oldest and largest library association. Established in 1973, the American Library Association Archives holds over a terabyte of digital content and nearly 4000 cubic feet of official records, personal papers, and publications created by or relating to the association, its members, and the history of librarianship. On the strength of its collection and affiliation with the University Archives, the American Library Association Archives serves as a major research center on the history of the association and American librarianship. This article reflects on the history of the American Library Association Archives, the investment made by the American Library Association to preserve its heritage, and the growth of the program. It also discusses the current state of the collection and what has made the program successful.
Remplissage May Decrease the Redislocation Rate After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Patients With an Engaging Hill-Sachs Defect: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies With Minimal 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Pawłuś Natalia , Kanak Michał , Frankiewicz Andrzej , Piwnik Joanna , Popescu Ion-Andrei , Borowski Andrzej , Kwapisz Adam
Published: May 2024

Background:

The redislocation rate after arthroscopic Bankart repair (BR) among patients with a Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) may be reduced with the use of remplissage.

Purpose:

To investigate the outcomes of adding remplissage to an arthroscopic BR in patients with concomitant HSL.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched between February 2022 and April 2023 with the terms “remplissage” and “shoulder instability” according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The inclusion criteria were formed using the population, intervention, control, and outcome method; the investigation included studies that compared BR with and without remplissage and had ≥24 months of follow-up.

Results:

From 802 articles found during the initial search, 7 studies with a total of 837 patients—558 receiving isolated BR (BR group) and 279 receiving BR with remplissage (BR+REMP)—were included. The probability of recurrence of instability among patients with an engaging HSL was significantly diminished in the BR+REMP group compared with the BR group (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.24; P < .001). Regarding shoulder range of motion, the BR+REMP group achieved increased forward flexion (mean difference [MD], 1.97°; 95% CI, 1.49° to 2.46°; P < .001) and decreased external rotation in adduction (MD, –1.43°; 95% CI, –2.40° to –0.46°; P = .004) compared with the BR group. Regarding patient-reported outcome measures, the BR+REMP group had Rowe (MD, 2.53; 95% CI, –1.48 to 6.54; P = .21) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) (MD, –61.60; 95% CI, –148.03 to 24.82; P = .162) scores that were comparable with those of the BR group.

Conclusion:

Remplissage resulted in a 9-fold decrease in the recurrence of instability after arthroscopic BR in patients with HSL. Remplissage not only led to an increase in forward flexion but also only slightly limited patients’ external rotation in adduction. WOSI and Rowe scores after remplissage at the final 24-month follow-up were comparable with those obtained after isolated Bankart repair.
Atrial fibrillation increases thrombogenicity of LVAD therapy
Authors: Keshav Chivukula Venkat , Beckman Jennifer , Li Song , Akoum Nazem , Aliseda Alberto , Mahr Claudius
Published: May 2024

Background:

This study investigates the hypothesis that presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in LVAD patients increases thrombogenicity in the left ventricle (LV) and exacerbates stroke risk.

Methods:

Using an anatomical LV model implanted with an LVAD inflow cannula, we analyze thrombogenic risk and blood flow patterns in either AF or sinus rhythm (SR) using unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To analyze platelet activation and thrombogenesis in the LV, hundreds of thousands of platelets are individually tracked to quantify platelet residence time (RT) and shear stress accumulation history (SH).

Results:

The irregular and chaotic mitral inflow associated with AF results in markedly different intraventricular flow patterns, with profoundly negative impact on blood flow-induced stimuli experienced by platelets as they traverse the LV. Twice as many platelets accumulated very high SH in the LVAD + AF case, resulting in a 36% increase in thrombogenic potential score, relative to the LVAD + SR case.

Conclusions:

This supports the hypothesis that AF results in unfavorable blood flow patterns in the LV adding to an increased stroke risk for LVAD + AF patients. Quantification of thrombogenic risk associated with AF for LVAD patients may help guide clinical decision-making on interventions to mitigate the increased risk of thromboembolic events.
Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity in testicular cancer
Authors: Kaba Mehmet , Kılıç Sinan , Demir Halit
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Testicular cancer is a significant malignancy affecting males, and understanding the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease is essential for improved management and treatment strategies. Prolidase enzyme, has been implicated in various disease processes. The assessment of serum prolidase activity and its relationship with testicular cancer can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with testicular cancer and evaluate their potential associations, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical alterations and potential implications for testicular cancer management.

Methods:

A total of 33 male patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were included, along with 35 age-matched male volunteers as the control group. Serum samples were collected and stored at −20°C until analysis. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels was performed.

Results:

The findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum prolidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testicular cancer patients compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly lower in testicular cancer patients ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this study, serum prolidase activity and biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress were investigated in testicular cancer patients. Oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity were found to be elevated in testicular cancer. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant use in cancer treatment.
Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Nursing Home Residents’, Families’, and Staff’s Perceptions of Bioethical Principles: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ge Yimin , Xu Shengjia , Capron Alexander M. , Keller Michelle S. , Hlávka Jakub P.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we employed a pre-interview survey and conducted interviews with nursing home staff members and residents/family members to understand their perceptions of whether the COVID-19 restrictions fulfilled obligations to nursing home residents under various principles, including autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and privacy. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with staff members from 14 facilities, and 20 with residents and/or family members from 13 facilities. We used a qualitative descriptive study design and thematic analysis methodology to analyze the interviews. Findings from the pre-interview survey indicated that, compared to nursing home staff, residents and their families perceived lower adherence to bioethics principles during the pandemic. Qualitative analysis themes included specific restrictions, challenges, facility notifications, consequences, communication, and relationships between staff and residents/family members. Our study exposes the struggle to balance infection control with respecting bioethical principles in nursing homes, suggesting avenues for improving processes and policies during public health emergencies.
Test Review of Acadience Reading Diagnostic: Comprehension, Fluency, and Oral Language Assessment
Authors: Welland Jonie B. , Singell Emily L. , Graves Katherine A. , Burns Matthew K.
Published: May 2024

Acadience Reading Diagnostic: Comprehension, Fluency, and Oral Language Assessment (CFOL) is an individually administered diagnostic assessment published by Acadience Learning for students in kindergarten through sixth grades. The measure purportedly provides diagnostic information in story coherence/text structure, listening and reading comprehension, vocabulary and oral language, and fluency with expository and narrative texts. The skills assessed with the CFOL are designed to provide information about skills related to students’ comprehension difficulties so educators can better target comprehension interventions to support students’ specific learning needs.
A content analysis of EPPM’s threat and efficacy information in environmental news: The impact of a community of practice and topic
Authors: Heo Ruth J. , Miller Serena , Takahashi Bruno , Corttrell Jonus
Published: May 2024

The extended parallel process model summarizes the positive impact of threat and efficacy messages on behavioral intentions. In news contexts, research to date shows national journalists emphasize threat information and neglect efficacious information. Findings show U.S. university student journalists emphasized efficacy rather than threats countering past content analysis research. We also found environmental and sustainability communities of practice did not predict threat and efficacy information, but topics did.
Unveiling Public Perception and Interpretation of China’s National Self-Image: Analyzing Chinese Online Commentary Data
Authors: Wang Shuo
Published: May 2024

This research study aims to address the oversight in previous studies that focused on constructing China’s image through the media without investigating how audiences perceive and interpret that depiction. This study aims to investigate how Chinese internet users perceive China’s self-image to understand Chinese citizens’ attitudes and reactions to political propaganda circulated by Chinese authorities online more effectively. To achieve this, we have chosen “This is China,” an online political program that presents China’s self-image. A total of 60,648 comments were collected and analyzed. For the analysis, T-LDA, Sentiment Analysis, and Semantic Network Analysis were employed. The study reveals six significant factors: Real-Life Stress, Patriotic Sentiment, Rational Emotion, Program Style, Presenter’s Public Persona, and Ironic Remarks, all of which shape the public’s perception of China’s image. Specifically, the study finds that Patriotism and Program Style have a positive influence on the audience’s perception, while the other factors hinder a favorable interpretation of the nation’s image.
Deglobalization and Resilience: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Van Bergeijk Peter A.G.
Published: May 2024

The paper employs a multimethod approach to investigate shifts from globalization to deglobalization, presenting a novel economic theory grounded in recent data. It identifies two mechanisms driving structural deglobalization: escalating costs and diminishing benefits at the national level, hindering redistribution efforts and the challenge to sustain global public goods due to waning economic hegemony. The analysis integrates perspectives from international economics, history, hegemonic stability theory and world system theory through narrative review, descriptive statistics and econometric analyses. The multimethod examination emphasizes the complexities of deglobalization, involving international relations, history and economics. Democracy and trade composition emerge as significant factors influencing deglobalization, with varying impacts across historical contexts. Despite this, the resilience of world trade to deglobalization appears to have increased over time. The study underscores the necessity of blending methodologies from different disciplines for a comprehensive understanding of deglobalization and proposes avenues for further research in this complex, multidimensional phenomenon.
State Strategy, Diamond Mining, and Indigenous Dispossession in Botswana
Authors: Mueller Jason C.
Published: May 2024

In a world-system built through dispossession and exploitation of African and Indigenous peoples, the case of the San in Botswana is significant. The government of Botswana recently led a protracted campaign of dispossession of the Indigenous San, likely due to there being diamond reserves near and within the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. This article argues that synthesizing critical theories of accumulation, dispossession, and State strategy can help us understand how and when dispossession of the Indigenous San led to commodification and/or proletarianization, while also helping to understand what became of the dispossessed. It expands theorizing on the sociology, geography, and political economy of (under)development, Indigenous rights and sovereignty, and State-Capital relations in Africa. The structural pressures for States in the periphery to cultivate extractive economies while seeking integration within the circuits of global capitalism remain present, decades after achieving colonial independence. This highlights the tensions, limitations, and illusions of successful ‘development’ in the stratified world-economy. Finally, the findings in this article critically challenge the story of Botswana being the ‘miracle’ of post-colonial Africa.
The characteristics of leadership and their effectiveness in quality management in healthcare - A systematic literature review and a content analysis
Authors: Friman Susanna , Maijala Riikka , Eloranta Sini , Suominen Sakari , Ikonen Tuija
Published: May 2024

Effective quality leadership is identified as a critical factor for organisational success. Leadership style has an important role in the implementation of quality management. This systematic review describes the characteristics of leadership in quality management in healthcare, and analyses their association with successful or unsuccessful quality management by using content analysis. Papers published in peer-reviewed journals between 2011 and June 2023 were selected by exploring the Abi/Inform, Business Source Complete, Cinahl, Pubmed and Web of Science electronic databases. Altogether 3014 records were found. PRISMA-protocol was used for selection of studies. 12 original and three review articles were included. Six leadership characteristics were identified that were linked to successful or unsuccessful implementation of quality management. The six categories were strategic, knowledge-oriented, value-based, supportive, participatory and communicative leadership. Supercategories and subcategories of successful and unsuccessful implementation are described. The results can be used to identify the leadership characteristics that promote successful quality management in healthcare organisations. In education for leaders and managers, attention should be in the characteristics and style of leadership and their impact on the effectiveness of quality management.
Fracture-free cut surface characteristics of aluminum alloy sheet (AA5083-H112) using cryogenic press-shaving process
Authors: Kongiang Saowalak , Rojananan Siriporn , Thipprakmas Sutasn
Published: May 2024

Of late, aluminum alloy sheets are being increasingly used in the fabrication of automotive, marine, and aircraft parts. Typically, a metal-forming process is used to produce these parts. However, the fracture-free cut surface characteristics of these parts are still limited by the die cutting process, and a secondary operation, such as machining, is needed to overcome this limitation. In this study, the use of cryogenic temperatures in press shaving was investigated. In the shearing operation, the cryogenic temperature influenced the ratios of the die-roll, smooth-surface, and fracture-to-material thickness, particularly for the fracture texture. Applying cryogenics in the shearing process increased the smoothness of the surface by approximately 50%, and the concave feature formed on the sheared workpiece was approximately 45% deep. Additionally, the hardness under cryogenic-temperature condition was approximately 15% higher than that at room temperature. However, the shearing force increased by approximately 30%. With the shaving operation, the volume of the shaving allowance was reduced owing to the deeper concave features. This resulted in a downward movement of the shaving allowance during the shaving operation, allowing easier sliding along the punch face and easier bending underneath the punch face. Consequently, tearing could be prevented, and the shearing phase of the shaving operation could be delayed. The results revealed that compared with the conventional press-shaving process, in which tearing and fracture of approximately 0.393 mm were generated, the application of cryogenic temperature to the press-shaving process delayed the tearing and prevented fracture, thereby achieving a fracture-free cut surface characteristic.
The research on the failure mechanism and dynamic reliability of lubricated clearance
Authors: Gao Shun , Fan Shouwen , Wang Wenjuan
Published: May 2024

In the operation of mechanisms with lubricated clearances, uncertain parameters such as the temperature of lubricant, driving speed, and clearance value will lead to dynamic variations for oil film thickness of lubricated clearance. The lubrication may fail when the oil film thickness of bearing surfaces is insufficient, thereby significantly affecting the performance of the mechanism. This paper presents a novel method for the dynamic reliability of lubricated clearances by improved response surface method (IRSM). Firstly, the mathematical model of lubricated clearance is established, and the oil film load of lubricated clearance is defined, then the dynamic model of mechanism considering lubricated clearances is built through Lagrange method. Secondly, considering the failure mechanism of the lubricated clearance, the surrogate model is established using the IRSM with minimum oil film thickness as the failure criterion. Finally, taking the 9-link mechanism with multiple lubricated clearances as a numerical example, the dynamic minimum oil film thickness of the lubricated clearance considering uncertain parameters is computed. The reliability of the lubricated clearance is investigated by the surrogate model, and the applicability of the model is verified by the Monte Carlo method (MCM). The results demonstrate that the IRSM has higher accuracy compared to the traditional response surface method (TRSM). This paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of failure mechanism and reliability of lubricated clearances, and also has practical significance for engineering applications.
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention, testing and management: An umbrella review
Authors: Shi Haiyan , Du Jun , Jin Guifang , Yang Huayu , Guo Haiyun , Yuan Guojing , Zhu Zhihui , Xu Wenzhuo , Wang Sainan , Guo Hao , Jiang Kele , Hao Jiahu , Sun Ying , Su Puyu , Zhang Zhihua
Published: May 2024

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Globally, the number of cases of HIV continues to increase. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions have emerged as promising tools to support disease self-management among people living with HIV. The purpose of this umbrella review is to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence and results of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention, testing and management.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for reviews. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using AMSTAR-2.

Results

A total of 22 systematic reviews were included. The methodological quality of the reviews was low or critically low. EHealth interventions range from Internet, computer, or mobile interventions to websites, programs, applications, email, video, games, telemedicine, texting, and social media, or a combination of them. The majority of the reviews showed evidence of effectiveness (including increased participation in HIV management behaviours, successfully changed HIV testing behaviours, and reduced risk behaviours). EHealth interventions were effective in the short term.

Conclusions

Ehealth interventions have the potential to improve HIV prevention, HIV testing and disease management. Due to the limitations of the low methodological quality of the currently available systematic reviews, more high-quality evidence is needed to develop clear and robust recommendations.
Socio-economic and Demographic Factors Influencing the Nutritional Status of Lactating Mothers in Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Khedkar Renu , Negi Kiran , Singh Karuna
Published: May 2024

Nutrition deficiency is commonly observed in lactating mothers and is a rising trend in India due to improper dietary patterns, physiological factors, socio-economic and demographic factors. The aim was to study the nutritional status and its related factors among lactating mothers in the urban areas of Delhi region, India. A structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to capture the socio-demographic information, including economical and medical conditions, of 150 lactating women in Delhi, India. Pearson correlation coefficient and association of various factors were determined. 72.5 per cent of women were in the age bracket of 20–25 years and in low-income group (70 per cent). The prevalence of underweight was 21.33 per cent, and the mean and SD of body mass index (BMI) of mothers were 19.17 ± 2.1 and 20.70 ± 2.3 for sedentary and moderate workers, respectively. There were significant correlations found between BMI, energy, carbohydrates, fat and protein intake ( p < .05). Multivariate regression model was used to associate the nutrition of participants’ income group, education, type of work, age of mothers and frequency of meals. Based on the results, intervention programmes for dietary correction and the effect of nutrition on the body have to be emphasised to lactating mothers for better health and nutritional outcomes.
Exploring the Moderating Effect of Generational Status on the Link Between External Environment and Entrepreneurial Motivation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Balasundaram Elamurugan , Kannan A. S. , Sudheer A. Krishna
Published: May 2024

This study examines how external environmental factors affect the motivation of first- and second-generation women entrepreneurs in India, and how their generational status moderates this relationship. We used a survey design method to collect data from 459 women business owners in India, who were classified as first- or second-generation based on whether they were the first or second generation in their family to start a business. We employed the partial least-squares structural equation modelling method to test our hypotheses and evaluate our model. We found that external environmental factors, such as education and training, financial support, government policies and non-financial support, had positive effects on entrepreneurial motivation for both groups of women entrepreneurs. However, we also found that generational status had a significant moderating effect on the link between education and training and entrepreneurial motivation, but not on the other three external environmental factors. Specifically, we found that education and training influenced second-generation women entrepreneurs more strongly than first-generation women entrepreneurs. Our findings have important implications for management practice and policymaking, as well as for the literature on women entrepreneurship. We suggest that concerned authorities should develop differential strategies for first- and second-generation women entrepreneurs, taking into account their different responses to external environmental factors. We also suggest that future research should explore other internal and external environmental factors that might interact with generational status or other variables to shape women entrepreneurs’ motivation.
New Education Policy and Higher Education Reforms in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Rajesh
Published: May 2024

The New Education Policy (NEP), 2020, adopted by Government of India, envisages significant and far-reaching reforms in higher education sector in India. In this article, I foreground certain peculiar features of the process of massification of higher education in India, including privatisation and fragmentation. I locate the political economy of higher education in India in tensions inherent in centre–state relations and the pressure to respond to popular aspirations on the one hand and maintain standards on the other. The NEP, 2020 does not appear to acknowledge these historical processes. Instead, they appear to rely on a corporate model of BoG-driven governance of higher education institutions to drive the envisaged changes.
Outward FDI, Profit Shifting, and Its Impact on the Tax Payments of the Parent Firm: A Case of Indian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Krishnan Amal , Padmaja M.
Published: May 2024

The study examines the links between India’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and possible income-shifting activities by the parent firms. The exercise is undertaken by examining the impact of OFDI on parent firms’ tax payments, profitability, debt, and intangible assets. The study is driven by the observation that nearly 68% of India’s OFDI flows between 2008 and 2020 were directed to offshore financial centers (OFC). The study relies on the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) firm-level overseas direct investment data and the Prowess database. We employed the propensity score matching (PSM) technique in combination with the difference-in-difference method to investigate the post-investment effects. Results suggest that overseas investments have resulted in lower payment of corporate taxes, as well as indirect and direct taxes at home. Moderate negative effects were observed in the case of the profitability of the parent firm. On the contrary, OFDI resulted in higher debt levels, particularly for firms investing in OFC destinations. A positive impact on the firm’s intangible assets suggests that income shifting via relocation of intangible assets is not evident. The analysis calls for policies to counter the possible tax leakage at home due to firms investing overseas, especially in OFCs.

JEL Classification F23, C14
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Non-selective Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Acute Gout
Authors: Govindaswamy Swathy , Ponnusamy Kavya , S. Indhumathi , Anil Vineeth , Venugopal Jayalakshmi , Sundaram Dhivya P.
Published: May 2024

Background

The term “gout” refers to a broad clinical spectrum of diseases, including common and complex forms of arthritis, that affect multiple joints in a patient due to an elevated serum urate concentration.

Purpose

The study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of acute gout, as well as to conduct a meta-analysis on safety.

Methodology

As of December 2021, the literature search was conducted using authorised electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library.

Results

There were seven investigations included in this study’s findings. Three COX-2 inhibitors, etoricoxib, celecoxib, and meloxicam, were reportedly compared to indomethacin or diclofenac. Four hours after the initial dose, 120 mg of etoricoxib reduces pain and inflammation by diminishing erythema. At higher dosages, celecoxib is more effective than at lower doses. Meloxicam has the same efficacy as NSAIDs. The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of adverse events was 8.0% lower in the COX-2 inhibitors group than in the non-selective NSAIDs group (risk ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.60 to 0.40, p-value = 0.5).

Conclusion

Etoricoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, has a more potent effect and may be more effective than non-selective NSAIDs. COX-2 inhibitors are more well tolerated and reduce the risk of adverse gastrointestinal events more effectively than non-selective NSAIDs. In the treatment of gout, non-selective NSAIDs may be a suitable alternative to COX-2 inhibitors.
Time to full weight-bearing with the use of a calcium sulfate-calcium phosphate bone substitute as a bone void filler following extended curettage in the treatment of primary benign bone tumours
Authors: Gyemi Lauren , Selznick Asher , Petrisor Brad , Ghert Michelle
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to determine time to full weight-bearing after the use of a calcium-sulfate-calcium phosphate bone substitute (CaSO4/CaPO4) as a bone void filler in the treatment of primary benign bone tumours following intralesional curettage. The secondary objectives were to determine surgical complications and recurrence rates.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients identified from a surgeon-specific orthopaedic oncology database, who underwent curettage of benign bone tumours and subsequent bone void filling with CaSO4/CaPO4.

Results

A total of 39 patients (20 males, 19 females) met inclusion criteria with an average age of 31 years (range: 13 to 62 years), a median follow-up of 3.7 years, and a maximum follow-up of 11 years. The most common tumour diagnosis was giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) ( n = 19), and the most common location was the proximal tibia ( n = 9). The mean volume of tumour excised was 74.1 cm3 including extraosseous bone expansion due to tumour growth, with a mean of volume of 21.4 mL of CaSO4/CaPO4 used to fill the intraosseous cavitary defects to restore normal bone anatomy. None of the lesions required additional internal fixation. The primary outcome measure, average time to full weight-bearing/full range of motion, was 11 weeks and 6 weeks for upper and lower extremity lesions, respectively. Secondary outcomes included tumour recurrence requiring reoperation in five patients and infection requiring reoperation in two patients.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that CaSO4/CaPO4 is a viable option as a bone void filler in the reconstruction of cavitary defects following removal of primary benign bone tumours. CaSO4/CaPO4 provides sufficient bone regeneration early in the post-operative period to allow progression to full weight-bearing within weeks without the need for internal fixation. There were no graft-specific complications noted.
Australian Indigenous people and treatment decision-making at end-of-life
Authors: Neller Penny , Feeney Rachel , Willmott Lindy , Then Shih-Ning , Munro Eliza , Cain Katie , Yates Patsy , White Ben P
Published: May 2024

This article analyses Australian law and literature to identify the key cultural and legal considerations that can arise in medical treatment decision-making with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples at the end-of-life. The authors explore how First Nation peoples’ cultural values, connection to Country, family, and community, history, and health care experiences, intersect with end-of-life medical treatment laws, providing valuable insights for lawyers, policymakers and health practitioners.
The use of telepathology in veterinary medicine: a scoping review
Authors: Rogers Lindsay , Galezowski Angelica , Ganshorn Heather , Goldsmith Dayna , Legge Carolyn , Waine Katie , Zachar Erin , Davies Jennifer L.
Published: May 2024

Telepathology, as a subset of teleconsulting, is pathology interpretation performed at a distance. Telepathology is not a new phenomenon, but since ~2015, significant advances in information technology and telecommunications coupled with the pandemic have led to unprecedented sophistication, accessibility, and use of telepathology in human and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, telepathology can connect veterinary practices to distant laboratories and provide support for underserved animals and communities. Through our scoping review, we provide an overview of how telepathology is being used in veterinary medicine, identify gaps in the literature, and highlight future areas of research and service development. We searched MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, and the gray literature, and included all relevant literature. Despite the widespread use of digital microscopy in large veterinary diagnostic laboratories, we identified a paucity of literature describing the use of telepathology in veterinary medicine, with a significant gap in studies addressing the validation of whole-slide imaging for primary diagnosis. Underutilization of telepathology to support postmortem examinations conducted in the field was also identified, which indicates a potential area for service development. The use of telepathology is increasing in veterinary medicine, and pathologists must keep pace with the changing technology, ensure the validation of innovative technologies, and identify novel uses to advance the profession.
All Over the Map: State-Level Guidance for English Learners With Disabilities
Authors: Baker Diana , Leider Christine Montecillo , Kim Hyejung , Rinaldi Claudia , Garcia Patricia
Published: May 2024

Dually identified (DI) students, or classified English Learners (ELs) with documented disabilities, are legally entitled to services that address both their disability- and language-related learning needs. We contend that unless state education agencies (SEAs) furnish local education agencies (LEAs) with high-quality guidance pertaining to this population of students, many schools and districts will remain unable to fulfill their legal mandate. Our analysis catalogs and classifies all content related to DI students on the SEA websites across all populated U.S. jurisdictions (i.e., 50 states, territories, & Washington DC), revealing that while most individual SEAs provide only minimal resources, the collective body of knowledge is robust. Drawing on aggregated information, we outline practical suggestions for SEAs to curate hearty, accessible, and up-to-date compendia of resources to support their LEAs and the DI students they serve.
Stigma Toward Families With Mental Health Problems in Latino Communities
Authors: Brewer Kathryne B. , Washburn Micki , Yu Miao , Giraldo-Santiago Natalia , Pickford Megan , Hostos-Torres Luis R. , Gearing Robin E.
Published: May 2024

Stigma toward families with members managing mental health problems remains underresearched in Latino communities. Using community-based surveys on mental health stigma and help-seeking attitudes, this study examined the associations between family-level stigma and participant sociodemographic characteristics. Only education level and spirituality significantly predicted family-level stigma. Individuals with higher education levels exhibited lower stigma scores. High spirituality levels were associated with minimal increases in stigma. The study underscores the influence of education on family-level stigma among Latino individuals. Given the importance of family in Latino culture, reshaping community narratives around mental health to support affected families can promote inclusivity and support, reducing stigmatization.
3D Printing-as-a-Service: An Economic Analysis of Pricing and Cocreation
Authors: Jain Tarun , Hazra Jishnu , Gopal Ram
Published: May 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has opened up possibilities for product design collaborations between device providers and customers. To enable an environment of cocreation, device providers are now renting 3D printers via the 3D-as-a-Service (3DaaS) model. Although prior research has examined pricing and quality issues in the traditional manufacturing setup, these studies have not analyzed such decisions in the 3D printing supply chain setting, where end users possess the ability to customize product designs. Therefore, several important questions remain unanswered from the perspective of the 3D printing device provider. For example, what is the appropriate pricing model for providing 3DaaS? How do factors such as the extent of design customization and the complexity influence the pricing strategy of the 3DaaS firm? Our analysis shows that if the customers’ impact on the product quality is relatively high or low, the pay-per-build pricing model generates a higher profit than the fixed-fee pricing model. Interestingly, we also find that if customers frequently print highly intricate product designs, the firm might choose the pay-per-build pricing model, only if the likelihood of design failure for these complex structures is low. Otherwise, the firm might opt for the fixed-fee pricing model.