bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESIDENTIAL CARE IN GERMANY FOR REFUGEE YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Struck Norbert
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes developments in the forms of social work with young refugees and the legal framing of such work in Germany from 1990 to the present. In particular, it addresses the reactions of politicians and the child and youth welfare system to the sharp rise in the number of refugees in 2015 and 2016, and the concomitant significant increase in the number of unaccompanied minor refugees. It underlines the need for an approach based on children’s rights, and the necessity for social workers, especially those involved in helping youth, to resist the policies of deterrence that are aimed at keeping refugees out of Germany.
CARE LEAVERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE FAMILY IN THE TRANSITION FROM OUT-OF-HOME CARE TO INDEPENDENT LIVING
Authors: Sting Stephan , Groinig Maria
Published: January 2021

Findings from youth research have shown that, due to the development of the transitional phase of “emerging adulthood”, the family has become increasingly significant for young adults as a source of support and as a safety net. In contrast, care leavers are confronted with a relatively abrupt transition to independent living. However, international studies have shown that the family also plays a significant role during the status passage of leaving care — as an arena of concrete social relationships, as a normative model and ideal, as a biographical experience and memory, as a connection to family traditions and practices, and as an important contextual factor for resilience and identity formation. The first section of this paper describes the various links between care leavers and their families based on a literature review. In the second section, the biographical relevance of the family is highlighted based on the example of a qualitative interview study about the educational pathways of 20- to 27-year-old care leavers. The study shows the various influences of family links on the educational careers of young people during and after out-of-home care. From the findings, we derive some consequences for professional work with families in out-of-home care and for professional support and guidance during the status passage of leaving care.
trata en México desde la perspectiva de los proxenetas
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro
Published: January 2021

Este artículo analiza el discurso de los proxenetas sobre el problema de la trata con fines de explotación sexual en México. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa y fueron entrevistados noventa proxenetas (33 padrotes y 57 madrotas). Esta investigación concluye que, según los proxenetas mexicanos, la trata en México es un fenómeno creciente, que se nutre tanto del reclutamiento engañoso o forzado de jóvenes centroamericanas como de la desaparición forzada de jóvenes mexicanas, a quienes se explota en lugares distantes de donde fueron abducidas, para atender a una clientela de elevados recursos económicos.
Durkheim en Uruguay. La recepción de sus ideas en la Universidad de la República (1915-1947)
Authors: Vila Esteban Ezequiel
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo estudia la recepción de las ideas de Émile Durkheim en la cátedra de Sociología de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de la República para el periodo 1915-1947. Para ello, el texto se concentra en los libros, artículos y notas de clase de quienes fueron profesores de la mencionada cátedra: Carlos María Prando e Isaac Ganón. Al mismo tiempo se realiza un estudio del proceso de institucionalización de la sociología en Uruguay, por lo cual también se ha considerado la enseñanza de esta disciplina en la cátedra Filosofía del Derecho de la misma universidad entre 1898 y 1915.
Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth: Evidence from West African Monetary Zone
Authors: Fofanah Pabai
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study examined the effects of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in four WAMZ countries. The study uses the pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects and random effects models, and obtains a robust standard error estimate of the model by applying xtreg, cluster()fe. The empirical analysis shows that the effects of exchange rate volatility on economic growth is insignificant. The results also show a positive correlation between exports and economic growth. This implies that policies aimed at increasing exports through an appropriate exchange rate may be beneficial countries. In addition, the analysis also shows a positive and significant link between imports and economic growth rates. Therefore, this confirms that the countries actually benefit  from imports resulting from the competitive pressure generated by the import of consumer goods and  professional knowledge, and also from the transfer of technology embodied in the import of goods by producers. Hence, the policy of removing import barriers will benefit the countries. In addition, the results show that there is a positive correlation between the nominal exchange rate and economic growth rate. Therefore, it shows that the nominal exchange rate depreciation policy can play an important role in improving the economic growth of the countries. However, the research results show that there is an inverse relationship between the real exchange rate and economic growth. Considering the importance of the real exchange rate, this study suggests the introduction of a common currency in the WAMZ to reduce the negative effects of the real exchange rate on economic growth.
The Incidence of Vertebral Static Disorders at Children Aged 11-14 Years
Authors:   National University of Phisycal Education and Sports, Str. Constantin Noica, Nr. 140, Sector 6,C.P. 060057 Bucureşti, România, Bughirică-Georgescu Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Disorders of the osteo-musculo-articular system represents one of the most frequent pathological manifestations, both in terms of morbidity and economical costs. Therefore it is necessary an assessment of level of physical development and health status, based on medical examinations of physical balance in children from school communities. For this purpose, the initial evaluation of children by physiotherapists, through various tests and measurements specific for physical therapy, has a fundamental role in order to detect those with deficiencies (Lafond et al., 2007). The appreciations are made in conjunction with the data collected from medical records, and with the information about social and family context of respective subjects. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to the incidence of spinal postural impairments, within the same age group, and to its possible consequences for the adolescence and adulthood. In the context of medical recovery, physiotherapy plays a vital role in restoring the functionality potential of people with different conditions of incapacity. The study was carried out during the time of children’s evaluation at the beginning of the 2019 school year. The research included 75 children aged 11-14 from Special Middle School No. 3 in Bucharest. The methods used are: method of bibliographic study, observation, method of evalution, and recording of data and graphical presentation. From the 75 children evaluated, 70.67% had static vertebral disorders. The author consider that the school population is currently at risk of spinal disorders associated with sedentarism and abnormal body postures in both static and dynamic activities.
Preliminary Study on Psychomotor Abilities Decisive for Technical Routines in Rhythmic Gymnastics
Authors:   National University of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest, Romania, Chiriac Ștefania , Teodorescu Silvia ,   National University of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest, Romania, Bota Aura ,   National University of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2021

The aim of the research is to establish the level of some psychomotor abilities by determining the rhythmic gymnasts’ capability to perform apparatus-specific technical skills within the composition of their routines, according to the provisions of the 2017-2020 Code of Points. The Wireless training timer (Witty) testing equipment was used to assess relevant types of speed in junior rhythmic gymnasts. The reaction time, execution time and travel speed time were measured in similar technical conditions or close to those encountered in training and competitions. The 14 gymnasts included in the research, aged between 13 and 15 years, are part of the National Olympic Centre for juniors in Arad, all being enrolled in the preparatory stage of training. The analysis of the data from both static and dynamic tests established a referential for the forms of speed to be enhanced by means of apparatus-specific technical routines. Results provide interesting information on the average values, inter-individual differences and homogeneity-related issues (which are relevant especially for gymnasts performing in the group event). The key features of these data, as well as previous analysis of junior routines for the 2017-2020 Olympic cycle, have led us to the conclusion that, in order to get a high score for apparatus difficulty/mastery, more difficulty elements should be added, which requires an increase in all kinds of speed involved by the technique of a specific event.
The Importance of Kinetic Treatment for Integrating Children with SEN into Education
Authors:   National University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Kinetotherapy, Bucharest, Romania, Ionescu Oana , Cordun Mariana ,   National University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Kinetotherapy, Bucharest, Romania, Di Carlo Mario ,   University of Pisa, Italy
Published: January 2021

Any child may encounter learning difficulties at some time, but they are usually overcome due to the support and encouragement provided by parents and the educational establishments where children are enrolled depending on their age (kindergarten, school). The notion of children with special educational needs (SEN) is used to describe a category of people with learning problems in relation to age or with a handicap/ a disability/ an impairment compared to most of the population. For children with SEN, the intervention through kinetic means represents an effective therapy that can be equally used by parents and teachers in order to facilitate the integration of these children into mainstream education. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a bibliographic study regarding the improvement of the quality of life in children with SEN by applying specific kinetic means that consist of physical exercise and massage, but also by the intervention of other types of therapy, depending on the disability of each subject. Individualisation of physical activities is a general principle applicable to all participants and especially to people with SEN who suffer from various conditions. In conclusion, we claim that the beneficial effects of the movement performed in any form and in any context are undeniable for any child but particularly for those with SEN.
Ikonifizierung und Ästhetisierung der Schriftzeichen
Authors: Żebrowska Ewa
Published: January 2021

Die gesellschaftliche Kommunikationspraxis zeigt, dass sprachliche Ausdrücke auf ihrer wahrnehmbaren Ebene prinzipiell in einer materiell gebundenen Erscheinungsform, d. h. in Verbindung mit anderen Modalitäten der Kommunikation vorkommen, wie z. B. dem Bild. Die Relevanz der Materialität, der Oberfläche sprachlicher Phänomene sowie ihre ästhetischen Qualitäten rücken somit ins Zentrum des linguistischen Interesses. Im Artikel wird auf eine besondere Form der Text-Bild-Beziehung eingegangen, die auf der Ikonifizierung und Ästhetisierung der Schriftzeichen beruht. Alphabetschriftliche und bildliche Elemente füllen zusammen die Sehfläche, indem sie ineinander übergehen und Metamorphosen bilden.
Im multimodalen Dialog. Zum Zusammenspiel von Text und Bild auf den Einbänden von Kinderbüchern
Authors: Makowska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Zum Thema des Beitrages werden Sprache-Bild-Texte, die auf bebilderten Kinderbucheinbänden auftauchen, bei denen der literarische Titel in seine visuelle Umgebung so eingebettet wird, dass er zu ihrem integralen Teil wird. Die Beziehungen, in denen der literarische Titel und seine visuelle Umgebung zueinander stehen, scheinen der Grund dafür zu sein, bebilderte Kinderbucheinbände als komplexe Sehflächen zu betrachten. Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen wird im Beitrag exemplifiziert, wie sich der literarische Titel und seine graphische Umgebung gegenseitig ergänzen, indem sie in Partnerschaft und Symbiose zueinander stehen. Der Beitrag gibt auch eine Antwort auf die Frage, wie Kinderbucheinbände als Sehflächen gestaltet werden sollten, um die Aufmerksamkeit der Kinder zu lenken, ihr Interesse am Buch zu erwecken und ihre sprachlichen Kompetenzen zu fördern.
Zur Verwendung der Hypotaxe in der gesprochenen Sprache
Authors: Dryhaus Carolin
Published: January 2021

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der syntaktischen Komplexität spontan gesprochener Sprache. Da diese im Vergleich zur Schriftsprache als weniger komplex erachtet wird, wird sie häufig mit einfachen syntaktischen Strukturen gleichgesetzt. Diese Auffassung wurde erstmals 1899 von BEHAGHEL verbreitet, der diesbezüglich auf die grundlegenden Unterschiede von gesprochener und geschriebener Sprache verwies. Hinsichtlich der syntaktischen Struktur stellte er die Hypothese auf, dass die Hypotaxe in der gesprochenen Sprache vermieden werde. Andere Sprachwissenschaftler wie CHAFE (1982) oder KOCH / OESTERREICHER (1985, 1990) schlossen sich dieser Annahme an. Diese Annahme soll im Folgenden anhand einer korpusbasierten Untersuchung exemplarisch widerlegt werden. Mit Hilfe einer Analyse von 20 Transkriptionen einer Radiosendung soll gezeigt werden, dass die Hypotaxe in der spontan gesprochenen Sprache keineswegs vermieden wird und sogar Strukturen mit einem höheren Subordinationsgrad auftreten. Die Analyse zeigt dabei den prozentualen Anteil von Hypotaxe und ihre unterschiedlichen Funktionen. Abschließend erfolgt ein Vergleich zu den Ergebnissen LESKAs (1965).
Zum sprachlichen und kulturellen Potenzial von Comics im Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Polen
Authors: Dudzińska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Obwohl der Comic kein neues Unterrichtsmedium darstellt, mangelt es an theoretischen Ansätzen, die sein sprachliches und kulturelles Potenzial näher betrachten würden. Der vorliegende Beitrag versteht sich als Versuch, dieses Forschungsdefizit auszugleichen. Um den Comic als Unterrichtsmedium zu charakterisieren, werden zunächst Überlegungen zu Begriff und Rezeptionsprozess angestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollen die didaktischen Möglichkeiten von Comics im fremdsprachlichen Deutschunterricht in Polen hinterfragt werden.
Los recursos tecnológicos y la reconfiguración de la educación médica
Authors: Muñoz-Cano Juan Manuel , Maldonado Salazar Teresita
Published: January 2021

La necesidad del trabajo escolar en la educación médica en ambientes virtuales a causa de la pandemia mostró las deficiencias en el currículo, la pedagogía y el uso de los recursos tecnológicos. Se hizo un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, conenfoque hermenéutico. Se revisóla construcción del modelo de educación médica de Flexner que data de 1910, así como de los determinantes que lo hacen persistir. El análisis se hizo desde tres enfoques para la aplicación de los recursos tecnológicos: el trabajo enel aula, el currículo y la educación en valores. Los análisis mostraron las causas de lapetrificación del modelo de currículo, que emerge del positivismo y de la modernidad. Se revisaron los efectos que en el modelo han tenido las tendencias del neopositivismo y la posmodernidad. Se explica la disfuncionalidad del proceso escolar mediante el modelo del estructuralismo funcionalista. Esto muestra cómo se ha obstaculizado la transición a los enfoques educativos tendientes a resolver problemas de la vida real con auxilio de los recursos tecnológicos. Se necesitan modificaciones de forma y fondo para que los recursos tecnológicos no sean solo un medio para llevar el modelo actual a lo virtual.
Palabras clave: B-learning; flexibilidad curricular; Currículo integrado; Aprendizaje basado en problemas; preguntas clínicamente estructuradas.
Traumatismo de genitales externos masculinospor proyectil de arma de fuego. Reporte de casos
Authors: Vásquez-Sullca Roy R. , Balcázar-Reyes Alfredo D.
Published: January 2021

Los traumatismos de genitales externos son lesiones producidos por agentes mecánicos externos y se observa en el 68,1% de todos los casos de traumas genitourinarios. Los traumas producidos por un mecanismo penetrante por proyectil de arma de fuego están incrementando en sucesos delictivos que ocurren en centros urbanos; estas lesiones comprometen el escroto en 78% y el pene en 28%. El manejo consiste en la exploración escrotal y del pene con reparación de la túnica albugínea, incluso orquiectomía si el testículo no es recuperable. La cirugía se realiza para evitar complicaciones como la disfunción sexual y miccional. Presentamos dos casos con el objetivo de dar a conocer el manejo actual de las lesiones genitales en nuestro centro, ante la ausencia de reportes o estudios previos en nuestro medio relacionados al traumatismo de genitales externos por proyectil de arma de fuego.
Principios bioéticos en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Ñique Carbajal Cesar , Cervera Vallejos Mirtha , Díaz Manchay Rosa , Domínguez Barrera Constantino
Published: January 2021

El avance de la pandemia de COVID 19 a escala mundial ha desencadenado una crisis en los sistemas sanitarios que muchos países no han podido superar. En nuestro país incluso se ha visto afectada la relación entre los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud, los pacientes y sus familias, en parte inducida por un estado desorganizado, que al seguir lineamientos de otras realidades sobre el manejo de pacientes bajo ciertos estándares del estado de salud, se han estipulado normativas que influyen en el tratamiento y pronóstico de la vida de la persona afectada, observándose atentados contra la dignidad del ser persona, de igual forma el desabastecimiento de los recursos, la corrupción y la pobre capacidad resolutiva del diagnóstico viral, no solo han permitido que se desconozca en tiempo real la enfermedad en nuestro país, sino que ha conllevado al desánimo de los profesionales como médicos y enfermeras, quienes al brindar atención y cuidado, a la variedad de estos pacientes también experimentan incapacidad, y vulnerabilidad ante la pandemia. En este sentido creemos necesario repensar sobre el impacto de la pandemia en nuestra población, así como en nuestro sistema de salud, para lo cual es importante volver al estudio de la atención sanitaria, el cuidado humano integral, modelos o corrientes en bioética vigentes, principios éticos personalistas para su abordaje; con la finalidad de brindar unos lineamientos y recomendaciones a tener en cuenta en la gestión y practica biomédica ante la crisis causada por el SARS-CoV-2.
Historia de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Perú: entendiendo su camino y perspectivas actuales
Authors: Llanos Zavalaga Luis Fernando , Arenas Siles Daniella , Valcarcel Bryan , Huapaya Huertas Oscar
Published: January 2021

El desarrollo de la atención primaria de salud en el Perú ha logrado importantes hitos en su historia. Los fundamentos sociales que dieron forma a los servicios de salud en el siglo anterior pueden explicarse por eventos durante la época colonial. Además, después de la Declaración de Alma-Ata en 1978, Perú enfrentó varios obstáculos que polarizaron aún más a la población de diferentes estratos económicos. Sin embargo, el Ministerio de Salud, junto con la cooperación internacional, comenzó a desarrollar programas de salud con el objetivo de brindar atención primaria a la población, con resultados fundamentales que ayudaron a unificar a la población y a estar un paso más cerca de lograr una cobertura de atención médica universal. Por lo tanto, en este documento, describimos los eventos que conducen al sistema de salud actual del Perú, los logros de los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud y el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos para mejorar la salud pública.
Evaluación y manejo de primera crisis epiléptica
Authors: Herrera Manuel , Escalaya Alejandro , Suller-Marti Ana , Marco A Vasquez Marco A Vasquez , Toro Juan , Burneo Jorge G.
Published: January 2021

Las crisis epilépticas son una causa frecuente de consulta en la emergencia y en la atención ambulatoria. La evaluación de una primera crisis epiléptica reviste gran trascendencia en este contexto, ya que la ocurrencia de ésta no implica necesariamente el diagnóstico de epilepsia (dos o más crisis no provocadas separadas por más de 24 horas; una crisis única con alto riesgo de recurrencia (>60%); o la evidencia de un síndrome epiléptico – definición de la Liga Internacional para la Lucha Contra la Epilepsia, ILAE) y el tratamiento subsecuente. Por otro lado, no todo paciente con primera crisis debe ser dejado en observación sin recibir el manejo apropiado. Esta decisión está en función del riesgo de recurrencia de crisis. Para ello, la Academia Americana de Neurología (AAN de sus siglas en inglés) recomienda la clasificación de la primera crisis epiléptica en cinco grupos y dependiendo del riesgo de recurrencia de crisis establecido para cada uno de ellos, se tendrá una guía para proceder o no con el tratamiento antiepiléptico. Los grupos son: pacientes con crisis epiléptica provocadas; pacientes con crisis sintomáticas agudas; pacientes con crisis sintomática remotas; primera crisis asociada a síndromes epilépticos; primera crisis de causa desconocida. La guía publicada por AAN en el 2015 para el manejo de primera crisis, sugiere que los pacientes con crisis sintomáticas remotas (lesiones cerebrales pasadas no evolutivas), pacientes con anormalidades epileptiformes interictales; pacientes con estudios de imagen anormales (RMN y TC); y pacientes con crisis nocturnas, tienen un riesgo elevado para recurrencia de crisis (>60%) por lo que deben ser tratadas. La evidencia disponible a la fecha sugiere también que no hay diferencia significativa en el inicio precoz o diferido del tratamiento antiepiléptico para el control de las crisis a largo plazo.
Interaksi Biokimia pada Regulasi Cairan Tubuh: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Sutanto Reynardi Larope , Rania Ghina ,   Universitas Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Ilmu fisiologi merupakan salah satu dasar ilmu pengetahuan kedokteran. Gangguan pada sistem fisiologi manusia dapat menjelaskan kejadian penyakit yang dialami oleh seorang pasien. Salah satu bagian fisiologi yang paling dasar adalah pengetahuan tentang interaksi biokimia dalam regulasi cairan tubuh. Sekitar 50-70% tubuh seorang manusia terdiri atas cairan. Karena proporsinya yang besar, perubahan pada kondisi cairan tubuh dapat memberikan efek besar bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Oleh sebab itu, tubuh akan berusaha untuk melakukan serangkaian regulasi cairan agar homeostasis dapat terjaga. Tinjauan pustaka ini ditulis untuk mengetahui interaksi biokimia dalam regulasi tersebut. Setelah menelusuri 9 (sembilan) literatur ilmiah berbeda, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa regulasi cairan tubuh manusia terdiri atas serangkaian tindakan untuk menjaga pH tubuh. Untuk melakukannya, tubuh menggunakan sistem dapar yang terdiri atas dapar kimia dan fisiologis yang didasarkan atas berbagai konsep biokimia, seperti osmolaritas, asam dan basa, larutan dapar, serta kesetimbangan kimia. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep-konsep dasar biokimia memainkan peranan penting dalam praktik klinik ilmu kedokteran.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN AMINE STRENGTH, H2S LOADING DAN pH PADA SAMPEL LEAN AMINE DI LABORATORIUM PT. SIPL
Authors:   Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Fahmi Rifaldi Lutfi , Fatimah Is ,   Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Abdurrahman Asep ,   Departemen Laboratorium PT. SIPL Gresik
Published: January 2021

Bahan bakar merupakan hal essensial dalam kehidupan manusia, salah satunya adalah gas alam. Gas alam banyak digunakan di berbagai sektor seperti industri, transportasi, dan rumah tangga. Gas alam diperoleh dari proses pengeboran minyak bumi. Gas alam yang diperoleh masih mengandung gas-gas seperti karbondioksida CO2) dan hidrogen sulfida (H2S) yang perlu dihilangkan karena dapat menyebabkan korosi pipa bahkan memicu terjadinya ledakan. Hasil pembakarannya pun berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai amine strength dan H2S loading serta hubungannya dengan pH sampel lean amine. Analisis nilai amine strength dan H2S loading dilakukan terhadap sampel lean amine, yaitu sampel yang berasal dari amine regenerator system di PT. SIPL. Penentuan nilai amine strength dilakukan dengan titrasi asidimetri dengan larutan HCl 0,5 N sebagai titran menggunakan autotitrator. Penentuan nilai H2S loading dilakukan dengan titrasi iodometri menggunakan larutan standar Na2S2O3 0,1 N. Nilai amine strength yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis selama 7 hari adalah 33,620%; 34,295%; 34,725%; 35,139%; 35,583%; 36,464% dan 36,683%. Nilai H2S loading yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis selama 7 hari yaitu, 0,0587; 0,0376; 0,0372; 0,0500; 0,0356; 0,0367 dan 0,0359 mol/mol. Semakin tinggi nilai pH sampel semakin rendah nilai H2S loading. Nilai H2S loading yang diperoleh masih dalam batas aman yang ditentukan oleh US EPA yaitu 16 ppm.
IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP SAHDZAN (SABAR DANHUZNUDZAN)SEBAGAI UPAYA PERAWATAN KESEHATAN MENTAL DI MASAPANDEMI COVID-19
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Prodi Psikologi, Ross Hanna Oktasya , Hasanah Megawatul ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Prodi Psikologi, Kusumaningrum Fitri Ayu ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Prodi Psikologi
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang: Kesehatan mental menjadi salah satu aspek penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Namun, krisis global pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan mental di kalangan masyarakat. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan terkait implementasi konsep sabar dan huznudzan sebagai upaya perawatan kesehatan mental di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi pustaka (literature review) dengan teknik analisis data deskriptif. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa implementasi konsep sabar dan huznudzan dapat mengurangi beberapa gangguan mental sehingga berimplikasi pada meningkatnya kesehatan mental. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi konsep sabar dan huznudzan dapat menjadi salah satu upaya perawatan kesehatan mental selama masa pandemi Covid-19.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION AT MALAMAWI ISLAND, BASILAN, PHILIPPINES
Authors:   College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Basilan State College, Isabela City, Basilan, Philippines, A. Jalil Alejandro , A. Luyun, Jr Roger , A. Delos Reyes, Jr Aurelio , A. Bato Victorino ,   Land and water Res. Div., Inst. of Ag. Eng’g, College of Engineering and Agro-industrial Technology, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Philippines,   Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, UPLB, Philippines
Published: January 2021

The assessment of groundwater quality for agricultural purposes was conducted in Malamawi Island, Isabela City, Basilan. Groundwater quality wasevaluated based on the FAO irrigation quality standards (1994)which include salinity and alkalinity, sodium, magnesium, bicarbonate hazards and chloride hazards. Spatial delineation of groundwater quality parameters was carried out using QGIS software. Results revealed that the use of groundwater from two separate sampling wells (SW4 and SW6) in Lukbuton area require slight to moderate restrictionbased on the parameters of electrical conductivity and magnesium hazard. This means that its groundwater can still be safe for irrigation but with little salinity hazard on sensitive crops.Also, the chloride concentration in SW4 indicates that groundwater was slightly poor in quality but generally suitasble for irrigation while in SW6, the calcium concentration was considered unsuitable for irrigation. In the same way, the sampling wells 1 and 3 in Santa Barbara and Lukbuton were considered unsafe and unsuitable for irrigation in terms of magnesium hazard. Also, the calcium content of groundwater in some part of the island was considered unsuitable for irrigating high-value crops. Therefore, this study suggests that some management is needed in the northeastern part of Lukbuton because of its poor ground water quality for irrigation in terms of salinity.
Predicting Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs against RNA Viruses Using Transcriptional Responses to Exogenous RNA
Authors: Nordor Akpeli V. , Siwo Geoffrey H.
Published: January 2021

All RNA viruses deliver their genomes into target host cells through processes distinct from normal trafficking of cellular RNA transcripts. The delivery of viral RNA into most cells hence triggers innate antiviral defenses that recognize viral RNA as foreign. In turn, viruses have evolved mechanisms to subvert these defenses, allowing them to thrive in target cells. Therefore, drugs activating defense to exogenous RNA could serve as broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. Here we show that transcriptional signatures associated with cellular responses to the delivery of a non-viral exogenous RNA sequence into human cells predict small molecules with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. In particular, transcriptional responses to the delivery of Cas9 mRNA into human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) highly matches those triggered by small molecules with broad-spectrum antiviral activity such as emetine, homoharringtonine, pyrvinium pamoate and anisomycin, indicating that these drugs are potentially active against other RNA viruses. Furthermore, these drugs have been approved for other indications and could thereby be repurposed to novel viruses. We propose that the antiviral activity of these drugs to SARS-CoV-2 should therefore be determined as they have been shown as active against other coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Indeed, two of these drugs- emetine and homoharringtonine- were independently shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 as this article was in preparation. These drugs could also be explored as potential adjuvants to COVID-19 vaccines in development due to their potential effect on the innate antiviral defenses that could bolster adaptive immunity when delivered alongside vaccine antigens.
Heavy Load Carrying and Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Among Women in Tanzania and Nepal: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Koyuncu Aybüke , Kadota Jillian L. , Mnyippembe Agatha , Njau Prosper F. , Sijali Tula Ram , McCoy Sandra I. , Bates Michael N. , Harris-Adamson Carisa , Prata Ndola
Published: January 2021

Heavy load carrying of water, firewood, and sand/stones is a ubiquitous activity for women living in developing countries. Although the intra-abdominal pressure associated with heavy load carrying is hypothesized to increase the risk of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among women, relevant epidemiologic data are lacking. We conducted a comparative study involving two exploratory cross-sectional studies among convenience samples of women carrying heavy loads, with different characteristics: (1) as part of their activities for daily living, in Shinyanga region, Tanzania; and (2) working as sand miners in Pokhara, Nepal. Women were categorized has having “low” or “high” load-carrying exposures based on the measured weights of the loads being carried at the time of the survey, as well as on self-reported duration and frequency of load carrying. A summary score for lower abdominal discomfort suggestive of POP was generated using questions from the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI-6). Women with higher load carrying exposures had on average higher discomfort scores in both Tanzania (adjusted prevalence difference (PDa)=3.7; 95% CI: -3.8-11.3; p=0.33) and Nepal (PDa=9.3; 95% CI: -4.9-23.6; p=0.18). We identified trends suggestive of an association between increasing heavy load carrying exposures and symptoms of lower abdominal discomfort. Our findings underscore the need for larger epidemiologic studies of the potential adverse reproductive health effects of heavy load carrying activities on women in developing countries.
Recycling of Plastic Waste by Using Pyrolysis Reactor: A Case Study of First Marine Protected Area of Pakistan (Astola Island)
Authors: Youngish Misbah , Rafique Uzaira , Jabeen Asma , Baloch Faisal
Published: January 2021

Astola Island is the first marine protected area of Pakistan acknowledged 2017, June 15. It is a rich biodiversity hotspot, Ramsar site inhabiting endangered species like Green turtle, Hawksbill turtle, and Arabian Humpback whale. A saw-scaled Russell’s viper is endemic to Island. Marine ecology of Astola Island is affected by plastic pollution resulting in coral destruction, ocean acidification, global warming, fishing nets blockage, water pollution, and coastal erosion. Zeolite catalyst synthesized from environmentally friendly way by coal fly ash to degrade collected plastic waste from Island into useful products in pyrolysis reactor. The synthesized catalyst functionalized further with three type of organosilane(1) Octyltriethoxysilane(OS),(2)Phenyltriethoxysilane(PS)(3)Vinyltriethoxysilane(VS).Zeolite functionalize with octyltriethoxy silane (ZO) shows the highest performance in plastic pyrolysis, resulting in lower degradation temperature, low residue and more product formation may be due to having long chain hydrocarbon and acidic sites. Plastic recycling is the promising solution to tackle plastic blooming issue. Which is negatively impacting all the compartments of ecosystem especially marine environment.
Relativistic Ermakov-Milne-Pinney Systems and First Integrals
Authors: Haas Fernando
Published: January 2021

The Eliezer and Gray physical interpretation of the Ermakov-Lewis invariant is applied as a guiding principle for the derivation of the special relativistic analog of the Ermakov-Milne-Pinney equation and associated first integral. The special relativistic extension of the Ray-Reid system and invariant is obtained. General properties of the relativistic Ermakov-Milne-Pinney are analyzed. The conservative case of the relativistic Ermakov-Milne-Pinney equation is described in terms of a pseudo-potential, reducing the problem to an effective Newtonian form. The non-relativistic limit is considered as well. A relativistic nonlinear superposition law for relativistic Ermakov systems is identified. The generalized Ermakov-Milne-Pinney equation has additional nonlinearities, due to the relativistic effects.
Hamiltonian Formalism of Bianchi Type I Model for Perfect Fluid
Authors: Kar Alokananda , Sadhukhan Shouvik
Published: January 2021

We propose the Hamiltonian formalism of Bianchi type 1 cosmological model for perfect fluid. We have considered both the equation of state parameter ω and the cosmological constant Λ as the function of volume V(t) which is defined by the product of three scale factors of the Bianchi type 1 line element. We propose a Lagrangian for the anisotropic Bianchi type-1 model in view of a variable mass moving in a variable potential . We can decompose the anisotropic expansion in terms of expansion and shearing motion by Lagrangian mechanism. We have considered a canonical transformation from expanding scale factor to scalar field ø which helps us to give the proper classical definition of that scalar field in terms of scale factors of the mentioned model. This definition helps us to explain the cosmological inflation. We have used large anisotropy(as in the cases of Bianchi models) and proved that cosmic inflation is not possible in such large anisotropy. Therefore we can conclude that the extent of anisotropy is less in case of our universe. Otherwise the inflation theory which explained the limitations of Big Bang cannot be resolved.Part II is contained with some analysis of the lagrangian ; derived in Part I ; on the quintessence model.
Transcript Variants of Genes Involved in Neurodegeneration Are Differentially Regulated by the Apoe and Mapt Haplotypes
Authors: Koks Sulev , Pfaff Abigail , Bubb Vivien , Quinn John
Published: January 2021

Genetic variations at the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) loci have been implicated in multiple neurogenerative diseases, but their exact molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study we performed transcript level linear modelling using the blood whole transcriptome data and genotypes of the 570 subjects in the Parkinson’s progression markers initiative (PPMI) cohort. ApoE, MAPT haplotypes and two SNPs at the SNCA locus (rs356181, rs3910105) were used to detect expression quantitative trait loci eQTLs associated with the transcriptome and differential usage of transcript isoforms. As a result, we identified 151 genes associated with the genotypic variations, 29 cis and 122 trans eQTL positions. Profound effect with genome-wide significance of ApoE e4 haplotype on the expression of TOMM40 transcripts was identified. This finding potentially explain in part the frequently established genetic association with the APOE e4 haplotypes in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, MAPT haplotypes had significant differential impact on 23 transcripts from the 17q21.31 and 17q24.1 loci. MAPT haplotypes had also the largest (256) and smallest (-178) effect sizes measured as beta values on two different transcripts from the same gene (LRRC37A2). Intronic SNP in the SNCA gene, rs3910105, differentially induces expression of three SNCA isoforms. In conclusion, this study established clear association between well-known haplotypic variance and transcript specific regulation in the blood. APOE e4 and MAPT H1/H2 haplotypic variants are associated with the expression of several genes related to the neurodegeneration.
Nanobodies Provide Insight Into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Complement Cascade and Offer New Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Zarantonello Alessandra , Pedersen Henrik , Laursen Nick Stub , Andersen Gregers R
Published: January 2021

The complement system is part of the innate immune response, where it provides immediate protection from infectious agents and plays a fundamental role in homeostasis. Complement dysregulation occurs in several diseases, where the tightly regulated proteolytic cascade turns offensive. Prominent examples are atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and Alzheimer’s disease. Therapeutic intervention targeting complement activation may allow treatment of such debilitating diseases. In this review, we describe a panel of complement targeting nanobodies that allow modulation at different steps of the proteolytic cascade, from the activation of the C1 complex in the classical pathway to formation of the C5 convertase in the terminal pathway. Thorough structural and functional characterization has provided a deep mechanistic understanding of the mode of inhibition for each of the nanobodies. These complement specific nanobodies are novel powerful probes for basic research and offer new opportunities for in vivo complement modulation.
Cannabis Yield, Potency, and Leaf Photosynthesis Respond Differently to Increasing Light Levels in an Indoor Environment
Authors: Rodriguez Morrison Victoria , Llewellyn David , Zheng Youbin
Published: January 2021

Since the recent legalization of medical and recreational use of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) in many regions worldwide, there has been high demand for research to improve yield and quality. With the paucity of scientific literature on the topic, this study investigated the relationships between light intensity (LI) and photosynthesis, inflorescence yield, and inflorescence quality of cannabis grown in an indoor environment. After growing vegetatively for 2 weeks under a canopy-level photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of ≈ 425 μmol·m-2·s-1 and an 18-h light/6-h dark photoperiod, plants were grown for 12 weeks in a 12-h light/12-h dark ‘flowering’ photoperiod under canopy-level PPFDs ranging from 120 to 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1 provided by light emitting diodes. Leaf light response curves varied both with localized (i.e., leaf-level) PPFD and temporally, throughout the flowering cycle. Therefore, it was concluded that the leaf light response is not a reliable predictor of whole- plant responses to LI, particularly crop yield. This may be especially evident given that dry inflorescence yield increased linearly with increasing canopy-level PPFD up to 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1, while leaf-level photosynthesis saturated well below 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1. The density of the apical inflorescence and harvest index also increased linearly with increasing LI, resulting in higher-quality marketable tissues and less superfluous tissue to dispose of. There were no LI treatment effects on cannabinoid potency, while there were minor LI treatment effects on terpene potency. Commercial cannabis growers can use these light response models to determine the optimum LI for their production environment to achieve the best economic return; balancing input costs with the commercial value of their cannabis products.
The Risk Evaluation in Sharia Rural Banks: A Practices and Role Strengthening of Internal Auditor
Authors: Ardiansah Muhammad Noor , Anisykurlillah Indah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine the role of internal auditors on the business's risk valuation in Indonesia sharia rural banking. A qualitative approach used with the following three steps analysis. The first is the exploration of internal auditor function's existence, second focused on obtaining a depth conversation analysis, and, last, a confirmation to obtain the result's credibility. The results showed that internal auditors divided into two different important roles, included in directors' function, and the other was a supervisory role of the separated internal control unit, which both are controlling business risks in the operational, financial reporting, and compliance management. Internal auditors' role in the separated internal control force is more sustainable, consistent in all business aspects, and therefore focused on the potential business risks. Another role took comprehensive control, but it restricted by capacity and operational complexities.
Estimating restricted mean survival time and expected life-years lost in the presence of competing risks within flexible parametric survival models
Authors: Mozumder Sarwar Islam , Rutherford Mark , Lambert Paul
Published: January 2021

Background Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival models (FPMs) can be fitted on either the cause-specific hazards or cumulative incidence scale in the presence of competing risks. An advantage of modelling within this framework for competing risks data is the ease at which alternative predictions to the (cause-specific or subdistribution) hazard ratio can be obtained. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is one such measure. This has an attractive interpretation, especially when the proportionality assumption is violated. Compared to similar measures, fewer assumptions are required and it does not require extrapolation. Furthermore, one can easily obtain the expected number of life-years lost, or gained, due to a particular cause of death, which is a further useful prognostic measure as introduced by Andersen. Methods We present various measures, including the expected life-years lost due to a cause of death, which can be predicted for a specific covariate pattern to facilitate interpretation in observational studies. Summaries are also provided at the population-level using standardisation to obtain marginal measures. RMST is obtained in the presence of competing risks using Royston-Parmar FPMs. Predictions are illustrated using English colorectal data and are obtained using the Stata post-estimation command, standsurv. Results Reporting such measures facilitate interpretation of a competing risks analysis, particularly when the proportional hazards assumption is not appropriate. Standardisation provides a useful way to obtain marginal estimates to make absolute comparisons between two covariate groups. Predictions can be made at various time-points and presented visually for each cause of death to better understand the overall impact of different covariate groups. Conclusions We describe estimation of RMST and expected life-years lost, both partitioned by each competing cause of death after fitting a single FPM on either the log-cumulative subdistribution, or cause-specific hazards scale. These can be used to facilitate interpretation of a competing risks analysis when the proportionality assumption is in doubt.
Health information systems in developing countries: Case of African countries
Authors: Koumamba Aimé Patrice , Bisvigou Ulrick Jolhy , Ngoungou Edgard Brice , Diallo Gayo
Published: January 2021

Background: In developing countries, health information system (HIS) is experiencing more and more difficulties to produce quality data. The lack of reliable health related information makes it difficult to develop effective health policies. In order to understand the organization of HIS in African countries, we undertook a literature review.Methods: Our study was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus bibliographic search engines. Our inclusion criteria were: (i) all articles published between 2005 and 2019, (ii) articles including in their titles the keywords "health", "information", "systems", "system", "africa", "developing countries", "santé", "pays en développement", "Afrique", (iii) articles that are written in English or French, (iv) which deals with organizational and technical issues about HIS in African countries.Results: Fourteen retrieved articles out of 2492 were included in the study, of which 13 (92.9%) were qualitative. All of them dealt with issues related to HIS in 12 African countries. All 12 countries (100.0%) had opted for a data warehouse approach to improve their HIS. This approach, supported by the DHIS2 application, has enabled providing reliable data. However, 11 of the 12 countries (92.0%) were aligned with donors’ strategies and lacked any national strategy. Conclusion: The current study suggests that the lack of a national health information management strategy will always be a threat to HIS performance in African countries. Ideally, rigorous upstream thinking to strengthen HIS governance should be undertaken by defining and proposing a coherent conceptual framework to analyze and guide the development and integration of digital applications into HIS over the long term.