bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cone Measure of Noncompactness and Some Generalizations of Darbo’s Theorem with Applications to Functional Integral Equations
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Mursaleen Mohammad , Sadarangani Kishin , Samet Bessem
Published: October 2016

We introduce the concept of cone measure of noncompactness and obtain some generalizations of Darbo’s theorem via this new concept. As an application, we establish an existence theorem for a system of integral equations. An example is also provided to illustrate the obtained result.
A Positive Feedback Loop of lncRNA-PVT1 and FOXM1 Facilitates Gastric Cancer Growth and Invasion
Authors: Xu Mi-die , Wang Yiqin , Weng Weiwei , Wei Ping , Qi Peng , Zhang Qiongyan , Tan Cong , Ni Shu-juan , Dong Lei , Yang Yusi , Lin Wanrun , Xu Qinghua , Huang Dan , Huang Zhaohui , Ma Yuqing , Zhang Wei , Sheng Weiqi , Du Xiang
Published: October 2016

Purpose: The long, noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1 is an important epigenetic regulator with a critical role in human tumors. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical application and the potential molecular mechanisms of PVT1 in gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression.

Experimental Design: The expression level of PVT1 was determined by RT-qPCR analysis in 190 pairs of gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues (ANT). The biologic functions of PVT1 were assessed by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. RNA protein pull-down assays and LS/MS mass spectrometry analysis were performed to detect and identify the PVT1-interacting protein FOXM1. Protein–RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to examine the interaction of FOXM1 and PVT1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase analyses were utilized to identify the binding site of FOXM1 on the PVT1 promoter.

Results: The lncRNA PVT1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with ANTs. High expression of PVT1 predicted poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. PVT1 enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 directly bound FOXM1 protein and increased FOXM1 posttranslationally. Moreover, PVT1 is also a FOXM1-responsive lncRNA, and FOXM1 directly binds to the PVT1 promoter to activate its transcription. Finally, PVT1 fulfilled its oncogenic functions in a FOXM1-mediated manner.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that PVT1 promotes tumor progression by interacting with FOXM1. PVT1 may be a valuable prognostic predictor for gastric cancer, and the positive feedback loop of PVT1-FOXM1 could be a therapeutic target in pharmacologic strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2071–80. ©2016 AACR.
Determinants of Neonatal Vitamin D Levels as Measured on Neonatal Dried Blood Spot Samples
Authors: Smith Chloe A. , Sun Cong , Pezic Angela , Rodda Christine , Cameron Fergus , Allen Katie , Craig Maria E. , Carlin John , Dwyer Terry , Lucas Robyn M. , Eyles Darryl W. , Kemp Andrew S. , Ellis Justine A. , Ponsonby Anne-Louise
Published: October 2016

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is linked to adverse childhood health outcomes, yet data on the distribution and quantifiable determinants of neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) concentration, a vitamin D biomarker, are limited. Objective: Our aim was to identify determinants of neonatal 25OHD concentration, measured using neonatal dried blood spots (DBS). Methods: A total of 259 ethnically diverse children aged 0-16 years born in Victoria, Australia, were recruited. Data included maternal sun exposure, skin type, 25OHD concentration on stored neonatal DBS, and genotypes at the target genes. Associations were investigated using multiple linear regression models. Results: The median 25OHD concentration was 29.2 nmol/l (IQR 18.0-47.4). Measured 25OHD was <50 nmol/l in almost half of the neonatal sample. Ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) 6 weeks before birth was the strongest predictor of neonatal 25OHD, accounting for 23% of its variation. A further 10% was explained by infant genetic variants at GC (rs2282679), the gene encoding the vitamin D binding protein, and DHCR7 (rs12785878), a gene required for synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor to 25OHD. DBS age explained 7%, and patterns of maternal sun exposure and clothing choices accounted for 4%. A child's skin colour was strongly associated with GC gene variants and not independent of these variants in predicting 25OHD. The final model explained 43% of the total variance in neonatal 25OHD concentration. Conclusion: Maternal lifestyle factors and infant genetic variants predict neonatal 25OHD levels; the importance of maternal UVR exposure in late pregnancy is highlighted.
Reduction in Cerebral Oxygenation due to Patent Ductus Arteriosus Is Pronounced in Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates
Authors: Cohen Emily , Dix Laura , Baerts Willem , Alderliesten Thomas , Lemmers Petra , van Bel Frank
Published: October 2016

Background: A haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) reduces cerebral oxygenation in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm neonates. Reduced cerebral oxygenation has been associated with brain injury. Preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates show higher cerebral oxygenation than AGA peers throughout the first postnatal days. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of hsPDA on cerebral oxygenation in preterm SGA neonates. Objective: We aimed to assess the effect of hsPDA on cerebral oxygenation in preterm SGA neonates compared to AGA peers. We hypothesised that higher baseline cerebral oxygenation would reduce the impact of hsPDA on cerebral oxygenation in preterm SGA neonates. Methods: We monitored regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) with near-infrared spectroscopy and calculated the cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) for 72 h after birth. Retrospective analysis compared 36 preterm SGA neonates (birth weight <10th percentile, 18 with hsPDA) to 36 preterm AGA neonates (birth weight 20th to 80th percentile, 18 with hsPDA). Results: In contrast to the other groups, SGA-hsPDA neonates demonstrated a significant fall in rScO2 [69% (SEM 2.5) at 4-8 h to 61% (2.7) at 68-72 h, p < 0.001] with a concurrent rise in cFTOE [0.26 (0.026) at 4-8 h to 0.34 (0.030) at 68-72 h, p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, hsPDA had a significant negative effect on cerebral oxygenation in preterm SGA neonates. Future studies should explore the potential benefits of early screening and treatment for hsPDA on long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm SGA neonates.
Rapid Identification of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance by qPCR in Infants with Gram-Negative Septicaemia: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Lam Hugh Simon , Chan Kathy Y.Y. , Ip Margaret , Leung Kam Tong , Lo Norman W.S. , Wong Raymond P.O. , Li Karen , Ng Pak Cheung
Published: October 2016

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Tools to rapidly predict antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis would be extremely valuable. Objectives: To develop quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primer/probe sets that can rapidly detect antibiotic resistance genes common to a neonatal unit, and to investigate the feasibility of direct detection of antibiotic resistance genes in whole blood of infants with Gram-negative septicaemia without first isolating the organism. Methods: Primer/probe sets were designed to detect genes that produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes or extended-spectrum β-lactamase. In phase 1, Gram-negative organisms isolated from neonatal clinical specimens within a 12-month period were analysed by qPCR to detect preselected genes. In phase 2, blood specimens of infants with Gram-negative septicaemia were subjected to qPCR analysis to detect antibiotic resistance genes for comparison against conventional antibiotic resistance profile results. Results: Two primer/probe sets showed promising diagnostic utilities for the prediction of antibiotic resistance; the diagnostic utilities (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) were 90.9, 96.4, 92.6 and 95.5%, respectively, for AAC3-2 [aac(3ʼ)-IIa/aacC3/aacC2, aac(3ʼ)-IIc/aacC2] to detect gentamicin resistance, and 59.3, 99.3, 94.1 and 92.6%, respectively, for BLA-C1 (blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-24, blaCTX-M-27) to detect cephalosporin resistance. Twenty-six infants were tested in phase 2, and both gentamicin and cephalosporin resistance patterns were predicted with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity by AAC3-2 and BLA-C1, respectively. Conclusions: qPCR with appropriately designed primer/probe sets can predict antibiotic resistance directly from neonatal blood, and it can substantially reduce the turnaround time for antibiotic resistance results.
Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Combination Bevacizumab Therapy: A Pooled Retrospective Analysis of Three European Cohorts from the Angiopredict Initiative
Authors: Betge Johannes , Barat Ana , Murphy Verena , Hielscher Thomas , Van Grieken Nicole C. , Belle Sebastian , Zhan Tianzuo , Härtel Nicolai , Kripp Melanie , Bacon Orna , Cordes Martijn , Kay Elaine W. , Verheul Henk M.W. , Neerincx Maarten , Hennessy Bryan , Hofheinz Ralf D. , Gaiser Timo , Ylstra Bauke , Prehn Jochen H.M. , Lambrechts Diether , Byrne Annette T. , Ebert Matthias P. , Schulte Nadine
Published: October 2016

Background/Aims: This study is aimed at analyzing the survival rates and prognostic factors of stage IV colorectal cancer patients from 3 European cohorts undergoing combination chemotherapy with bevacizumab. Methods: Progression free-survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in 172 patients using the Kaplan-Meier method and uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The median PFS was 9.7 and the median OS 27.4 months. Patients treated at centers in Germany (n = 97), Ireland (n = 32), and The Netherlands (n = 43) showed a median PFS of 9.9, 9.2, and 9.7 months, OS of 34.0, 20.5, and 25.1 months, respectively. Patients >65 years had a significantly shorter PFS (9.5 vs. 9.8 months) but not OS (27.4 vs. 27.5 months) than younger patients. High tumor grade (G3/4) was associated with a shorter PFS, T4 classification with both shorter PFS and OS. Fluoropyrimidine (FP) chemotherapy backbones (doublets and single) had comparable outcomes, while patients not receiving FP backbones had a shorter PFS. In multivariable analysis, age and non-FP backbone were associated with inferior PFS, T4 classification and therapy line >2nd were significantly associated with poor PFS and OS. Conclusion: The observed survival rates confirm previous studies and demonstrate reproducible benefits of combination bevacizumab regimens. Classification T4, non-FP chemotherapy backbone, and age >65 were associated with inferior outcome.
Standing Up Slowly Antagonises Initial Blood Pressure Decrease in Older Adults with Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: de Bruïne Eline S. , Reijnierse Esmee M. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Pasma Jantsje H. , de Vries Oscar J. , Meskers Carel G.M. , Maier Andrea B.
Published: October 2016

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common in older adults and associated with increased morbidity and mortality, loss of independence and high health-care costs. Standing up slowly is a recommended non-pharmacological intervention. However, the effectiveness of this advice has not been well studied. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether standing up slowly antagonises posture-related blood pressure (BP) decrease in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 24 community-dwelling older adults referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic and diagnosed with OH were included. BP was measured continuously during 3 consecutive transitions from supine to standing position during normal, slow and fast transition. Results: The relative BP decrease at 0-15 s after slow transition was significantly lower than after normal transition (p = 0.003 for both systolic BP and diastolic BP) and fast transition (p = 0.045 for systolic BP; diastolic BP: non-significant). The relative diastolic BP decrease at 60-180 s after normal transition was significantly lower than after fast transition (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Standing up slowly antagonises BP decrease predominantly during the first 15 s of standing up in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients diagnosed with OH. Results support the non-pharmacological intervention in clinical practice to counteract OH.
Synchronous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectal Carcinoid
Authors: Vootla Vamshidhar , Ahmed Rafeeq , Niazi Masooma , Balar Bhavna , Nayudu Suresh
Published: October 2016

Primary colonic adenocarcinoma and synchronous rectal carcinoids are rare tumors. Whenever a synchronous tumor with a nonmetastatic carcinoid component is encountered, its prognosis is determined by the associate malignancy. The discovery of an asymptomatic gastrointestinal carcinoid during the operative treatment of another malignancy will usually only require resection without additional treatment and will have little effect on the prognosis of the individual. This article reports a synchronous rectal carcinoid in a patient with hepatic flexure adenocarcinoma. We present a case of a 46-year-old Hispanic woman with a history of hypothyroidism, uterine fibroids and hypercholesterolemia presenting with a 2-week history of intermittent abdominal pain, mainly in the right upper quadrant. She had no family history of cancers. Physical examination was significant for pallor. Laboratory findings showed microcytic anemia with a hemoglobin of 6.6 g/dl. CT abdomen showed circumferential wall thickening in the ascending colon near the hepatic flexure and pulmonary nodules. Colonoscopy showed hepatic flexure mass and rectal nodule which were biopsied. Pathology showed a moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon (hepatic flexure mass) and a low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm (carcinoid of rectum). The patient underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and chemotherapy. In patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, carcinoids could be missed due to their submucosal location, multicentricity and indolent growth pattern. Studies suggest a closer surveillance of the GI tract for noncarcinoid synchronous malignancy when a carcinoid tumor is detected and vice versa.
Optimized Flat-Detector CT in Stroke Imaging: Ready for First-Line Use?
Authors: Eckert Matthias , Gölitz Philipp , Lücking Hannes , Struffert Tobias , Knossalla Frauke , Doerfler Arnd
Published: October 2016

Background: Using flat-detector CT (FD-CT) for stroke imaging has the advantage that both diagnostic imaging and endovascular therapy can be performed directly within the Angio Suite without any patient transfer and time delay. Thus, stroke management could be speeded up significantly, and patient outcome might be improved. But as precondition for using FD-CT as primary imaging modality, a reliable exclusion of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has to be possible. This study aimed to investigate whether optimized native FD-CT, using a newly implemented reconstruction algorithm, may reliably detect ICH in stroke patients. Additionally, the potential to identify ischemic changes was evaluated. Methods: Cranial FD-CT scans were obtained in 102 patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (n = 32), ICH (n = 45) or transient ischemic attack (n = 25). All scans were reconstructed with a newly implemented half-scan cone-beam algorithm. Two experienced neuroradiologists, unaware of clinical findings, evaluated independently the FD-CTs screening for hemorrhage or ischemic signs. The findings were correlated to CT, and rater and inter-rater agreement was assessed. Results: FD-CT demonstrated high sensitivity (95-100%) and specificity (100%) in detecting intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Overall, interobserver agreement (κ = 0.92) was almost perfect and rater agreement to CT highly significant (r = 0.81). One infratentorial ICH and 10 or 11 of 22 subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) were missed of whom 7 were perimesencephalic. The sensitivity for detecting acute ischemic signs was poor in blinded readings (0 or 25%, respectively). Conclusions: Optimized FD-CT, using a newly implemented reconstruction algorithm, turned out as a reliable tool for detecting supratentorial ICH and IVH. However, detection of infratentorial ICH and perimesencephalic SAH is limited. The potential of FD-CT in detecting ischemic changes is poor in blinded readings. Thus, plain FD-CT seems insufficient as a standalone modality in acute stroke, but within a multimodal imaging approach primarily using the FD technology, native FD-CT seems capable to exclude reliably supratentorial hemorrhage. Currently, FD-CT imaging seems not yet ready for wide adoption, replacing regular CT, and should be reserved for selected patients. Furthermore, prospective evaluations are necessary to validate this approach in the clinical setting.
Can Large Hydatid Cysts Resolve with Medical Treatment Alone?
Authors: Simon Donald , Koegelenberg Coenraad F.N. , Sinha Roy Soumitra , Allwood Brian W. , Irusen Elvis M.
Published: October 2016

A 66-year-old female from a rural area in South Africa presented with non-life-threatening haemoptysis. Radiologic and serological investigations attributed her symptoms to bilateral, large echinococcal cysts. She declined surgery despite her lung physiologic parameters, which deemed her eligible. Medical therapy with oral albendazole was initiated with excellent clinical and radiologic response during a follow-up period of 18 months. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reported cases in the literature that shows complete resolution of bilateral large echinococcal cysts with medical treatment alone in an adult patient.
Few Disparities in Baseline Laboratory Testing After the Diuretic or Digoxin Initiation by Medicare Fee-For-Service Beneficiaries
Authors: Maciejewski Matthew L. , Mi Xiaojuan , Curtis Lesley H. , Ng Judy , Haffer Samuel C. , Hammill Bradley G.
Published: October 2016

Background—

Despite the persistence of significant disparities, few evaluations examine disparities in laboratory testing by race/ethnicity, age, sex, Medicaid eligibility, and number of chronic conditions for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries’ newly prescribed medications. In Medicare beneficiaries initiating diuretics or digoxin, this study examined disparities in guideline-appropriate baseline laboratory testing and abnormal laboratory values.

Methods and Results—

To evaluate guideline-concordant testing for serum creatinine and serum potassium within 180 days before or 14 days after the index prescription fill date, we constructed retrospective cohorts from 10 states of 99 711 beneficiaries who had heart failure or hypertension initiating diuretic in 2011 and 8683 beneficiaries who had heart failure or atrial fibrillation initiating digoxin. Beneficiaries initiating diuretics were less likely to have testing if they were non-Hispanic Black (relative risk [RR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–0.99) than non-Hispanic White. Beneficiaries initiating diuretics and beneficiaries initiating digoxin were more likely to have testing if they had multiple chronic conditions relative to 0 to 1 conditions. Beneficiaries initiating diuretics with laboratory values were more likely to have an abnormal serum creatinine value at baseline if they were non-Hispanic Black (RR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.91–3.44), other race (RR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.08–4.10), or male (RR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.14–3.52) or an abnormal serum potassium value if they were aged ≥76 years (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09–1.51) or male (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.33).

Conclusions—

Testing rates were consistently high, so there were negligible disparities in guideline-concordant testing of creatinine and potassium after the initiation of digoxin or diuretics by Medicare beneficiaries.
Inside Speech: Multisensory and Modality-specific Processing of Tongue and Lip Speech Actions
Authors: Treille Avril , Vilain Coriandre , Hueber Thomas , Lamalle Laurent , Sato Marc
Published: October 2016

Action recognition has been found to rely not only on sensory brain areas but also partly on the observer's motor system. However, whether distinct auditory and visual experiences of an action modulate sensorimotor activity remains largely unknown. In the present sparse sampling fMRI study, we determined to which extent sensory and motor representations interact during the perception of tongue and lip speech actions. Tongue and lip speech actions were selected because tongue movements of our interlocutor are accessible via their impact on speech acoustics but not visible because of its position inside the vocal tract, whereas lip movements are both “audible” and visible. Participants were presented with auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech actions, with the visual inputs related to either a sagittal view of the tongue movements or a facial view of the lip movements of a speaker, previously recorded by an ultrasound imaging system and a video camera. Although the neural networks involved in visual visuolingual and visuofacial perception largely overlapped, stronger motor and somatosensory activations were observed during visuolingual perception. In contrast, stronger activity was found in auditory and visual cortices during visuofacial perception. Complementing these findings, activity in the left premotor cortex and in visual brain areas was found to correlate with visual recognition scores observed for visuolingual and visuofacial speech stimuli, respectively, whereas visual activity correlated with RTs for both stimuli. These results suggest that unimodal and multimodal processing of lip and tongue speech actions rely on common sensorimotor brain areas. They also suggest that visual processing of audible but not visible movements induces motor and visual mental simulation of the perceived actions to facilitate recognition and/or to learn the association between auditory and visual signals.
Savoring Life with an Unsympathetic World View
Authors: Linjamaa Paul
Published: October 2016

This article discusses the enigmatic logion 27 in theGospel of Thomas. It argues that preconceived notions of the text being “Gnostic” have affected previous interpretations of how the Sabbath is portrayed in logion 27. A discussion follows concerning the many different interpretations of the elusive second part of the logion and the phrase σαββατίσητε τὸ σάββατον/ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙ̄ⲡⲥⲁⲙⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ. This has most often been interpreted as an admonition to reject the world. Instead, it is argued that the phrase should be understood as an admonition to “rest on the Sabbath,” with the intention of contemplating higher truths while lingering in corporeality.
International Human Rights Law and Its Critics
Authors: Ooms Marissa
Published: October 2016

This book review essay critically reflects on The Twilight of Human Rights Law by Eric Posner. I compare his arguments with some of the findings in the books The Endtimes of Human Rights by Stephen Hopgood and The Dark Sides of Virtue by David Kennedy. All three books contain a pragmatic critique on international human rights law. I conclude that Posner succeeds in pointing to certain fundamental challenges that the international human rights movement should address. However, by wholly rejecting the idea of international human rights law, Posner in fact makes an ideological rather than pragmatic move. The problems that the book identifies should not be regarded as a reason to dismiss the regime in its entirety, but rather as an opportunity to improve it so that the supposed gap between local human rights activism and international human rights law may close.
Hanguana thailandica (Hanguanaceae): a new peat swamp forest species from Thailand
Authors: WIJEDASA LAHIRU S. , NIISSALO MATTI A. , CHAMCHUMROOM VORADOL , PUUDJAA PACHOK , JUMRUSCHAY THAVEECHOCK , BOYCE PETER C.
Published: October 2016

A new species of Hanguana (Hanguanaceae), H. thailandica, is described and illustrated from Trang province, Peninsular Thailand. This is the second Hanguana species recorded in Thailand, along with the widespread helophytic H. malayana. The species is morphologically similar to Hanguana exultans and H. nitens found in swamp forests habitats in southern Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. The conservation status of this species is accessed as Endangered according to the IUCN Red List Category and Criteria.
Revision of the Agrilus plasoni species group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: JENDEK EDUARD
Published: October 2016

The Agrilus plasoni species group (Buprestidae) is established and diagnosed. Six new species of Agrilus are described: A. huashanus sp. nov.; A. diaolin sp. nov.; A. somnon sp. nov.; A. pubornatus sp. nov.; A. baoloc sp. nov.; A. darjiling sp. nov. Agrilus jeanvoinei Descarpentries & Villiers is considered new junior subjective synonym of A. plasoni plasoni Obenberger. Agrilus dichrosomus Obenberger is proposed as the subspecies of A. plasoni. The lectotype of A. dichrosomus Obenberger is designated. All species are keyed and illustrated.
A new tanaidacean subfamily, Bathytanaidinae (Crustacea: Paratanaididae), from the Australian continental shelf and slope
Authors: LARSEN KIM , HEARD RICHARD W.
Published: October 2016

Four new species of the paratanaid genera Bathytanais Beddard and Pseudobathytanais KudinovaPasternak are described from Australia. Bathytanais culterformis and B. arenamans were found on the northwestern continental shelf off western Australia. Bathytanais fragilis and Pseudobathytanais gibberosus are described from the southeastern Australian continental slope. Bathytanais and Pseudobathytanais are placed in the new subfamily Bathytanaidinae, which represents a group of highly derived tanaidomorphs with uniquely modified long setulated setae on the antennule and antenna. The new subfamily is further characterized by having a well-developed, anteriorly directed, epistomal process. The distinctive morphology of the antennule and antennae indicate that members of the Bathytanaidinae have evolved as suspension or filter feeders. A key to the species within the Bathytanaidinae is presented. An unidentified tantulocarid crustacean parasite occurred on the pleotelson of two specimens of P. gibberosus, constituting the first host record on a member of the Paratanaididae.
Two new species of Bebearia Hemming, 1960, as further evidence of centre of endemism of butterflies in Western Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitinae)
Authors: SÁFIÁN SZABOLCS , PYRCZ TOMASZ , BRATTSTRÖM OSKAR
Published: October 2016

Two new endemic butterfly species from the genus Bebearia: B. oshogbo sp. nov. and B. wojtusiaki sp. nov., are described from western Nigeria; B. oshogbo is most closely related to the Guineo-Congolian B. tentyris (Hewitson) and the Upper Guinean B. osyris (Schultze), whereas B. wojtusiaki constitutes a morphological and biogeographic link between the Central African B. plistonax (Hewitson) and the Upper Guinean endemic B. arcadius (Fabricius). The finding of these new species gives further strong evidence that western Nigeria should be recognized as a distinct biogeographic sub-region of West Africa, as the area hosts a substantial number of endemic taxa (listed in the discussion).
New eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with grasses from Mongolia
Authors: SKORACKA ANNA , SHI AOXIANG , PACYNA ANNA
Published: October 2016

Two new species, Aculodes mongolicus sp. n. from Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link, Eriophyes bromusi sp. n. from Bromus inermis Leyss, are described from Mongolia. Four new records of eriophyoid mites collected from grasses in Mongolia are also presented.
A Dynamic Link between Ice Nucleating Particles Released in Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol and Oceanic Biological Activity during Two Mesocosm Experiments
Authors: McCluskey Christina S. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Malfatti Francesca , Sultana Camille M. , Lee Christopher , Santander Mitchell V. , Beall Charlotte M. , Moore Kathryn A. , Cornwell Gavin C. , Collins Douglas B. , Prather Kimberly A. , Jayarathne Thilina , Stone Elizabeth A. , Azam Farooq , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , DeMott Paul J.
Published: October 2016

Emission rates and properties of ice nucleating particles (INPs) are required for proper representation of aerosol–cloud interactions in atmospheric models. Few investigations have quantified marine INP emissions, a potentially important INP source for remote oceanic regions. Previous studies have suggested INPs in sea spray aerosol (SSA) are linked to oceanic biological activity. This proposed link was explored in this study by measuring INP emissions from nascent SSA during phytoplankton blooms during two mesocosm experiments. In a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART) experiment, a phytoplankton bloom was produced with chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentrations reaching 39 μg L−1, while Chl a concentrations more representative of natural ocean conditions were obtained during the Investigation into Marine Particle Chemistry and Transfer Science (IMPACTS; peak Chl a of 5 μg L−1) campaign, conducted in the University of California, San Diego, wave flume. Dynamic trends in INP emissions occurred for INPs active at temperatures > −30°C. Increases in INPs active between −25° and −15°C lagged the peak in Chl a in both studies, suggesting a consistent population of INPs associated with the collapse of phytoplankton blooms. Trends in INP emissions were also compared to aerosol composition, abundances of microbes, and enzyme activity. In general, increases in INP concentrations corresponded to increases in organic species in SSA and the emissions of heterotrophic bacteria, suggesting that both microbes and biomolecules contribute to marine INP populations. INP trends were not directly correlated with a single biological marker in either study. Direct measurements of INP chemistry are needed to accurately identify particles types contributing to marine INP populations.
Masochism and its Rhythm
Authors: Civitarese Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Over five years, from 1919 to 1924, Freud dealt with masochism in three texts written in close proximity: “A Child Is Being Beaten,” Beyond the Pleasure Principle, and “The Economic Problem of Masochism.” Initially Freud explains masochism as incestuous fixation on the father and regression to pregenital, sadistic ways of loving. Subsequently he considers it primarily as subservient to the death drive. This paper starts from an idea present in two of the three texts, but not developed by Freud, in which he refers to the role that the “qualitative” element of rhythm could play in the occurrence of pleasure in masochism. By means of this element traumatic aspects of the primary relationship with the object could be stored as fantasies in the body. In any staged masochistic fantasies of being beaten or in masochistic perversion, the pleasure of pain would lie in the attempt to “dream” the trauma not only in the imagination but also, “aesthetically,” in the body.
De-Stalinization and the Failure of Soviet Identity Building in Kazakhstan
Authors: Wojnowski Zbigniew
Published: October 2016

Khrushchev's Secret Speech about Stalinist crimes in February evoked heated public responses in many parts of the USSR. In stark contrast, the momentous changes of 1956 evoked little controversy among inhabitants of Soviet Kazakhstan. De-Stalinization has mostly been studied as a state-led attempt to breathe a new life into communism, or a process in which the regime and its citizens negotiated the meanings of Soviet utopia after the traumas of Stalinism. But the Kazakhstani case suggests that state–society dynamics in 1956 were often shaped not so much by the revolutionary state and the practices of ‘searching for socialism’, but rather by the limited reach of utopian ideas, the weakness of Soviet structures in the provinces, and deep social and ethnic fragmentation.
The church’s witness in a secular age: A Hauerwasian response to privatized and individualized religion
Authors: Wessman Robert Aaron
Published: October 2016

Stanley Hauerwas has been noted for his theology of missionary “witness.” However, his theology is not uncontroversial. Of late, it is argued that his theology of witness does not often, or sufficiently, attend to the nature and complexity of belief for those people who live in contemporary, Western society. Part of this complexity, as highlighted by various sociologists and theologians, is that religion has become individualized and privatized. These are serious challenges to the church’s engagement with contemporary society, which Hauerwas does not always seem to adequately address. It will be the purpose of this article, however, to attempt to overcome this lacuna in Hauerwas’s theology, and explore if, and how, his theology might serve as a response to some of the specific challenges arising out of the growing trend towards “privatized religion” in the United States. This will be accomplished by bringing into dialogue Hauerwas’s later work on witness, with some of the sociological insights provided by Charles Taylor and Robert Wuthnow. It will be argued that Hauerwas’s theology of witness, though incomplete, does provide insights that might be helpful to the church in her missionary efforts in the United States.
Organizing the Audit Society: Does Good Auditing Generate Less Public Sector Corruption?
Authors: Gustavson Maria , Sundström Aksel
Published: October 2016

Few cross-country studies examine the effects of auditing quality on public sector corruption. We present a definition of good auditing consisting of three principles: independence, professionalism, and recognizing the people as the principal. Using novel data from an original expert survey covering more than 100 countries, the concept is then operationalized and tested empirically. The results demonstrate that good auditing has a positive effect on national levels of public sector corruption. This lends reason to believe that auditing which is organized according to certain principles has potential to contribute to well-functioning public administrations with a low degree of corruption.
Gifted English Language Learners
Authors: Blackburn Aranzazu M. , Cornish Linley , Smith Susen
Published: October 2016

Current research on gifted English language learners (gifted ELLs) is broadly centered on identification issues and investigations of underrepresentation in gifted programs mainly in schools in the United States and referencing predominantly Spanish-speaking students. Australia presents itself as a multicultural nation, yet limited research exists as to what it knows about its particular gifted ELL populations and ways of supporting them when they enter Australian schools. A review of the current literature examines existing research in the United States and explores the findings from Australian studies. Some suggestions for future research in both local and global contexts are offered.
Postnatal Organ Development as a Complicating Factor in Juvenile Toxicity Studies in Rats
Authors: Picut Catherine A. , Parker George A.
Published: October 2016

Toxicologic pathologists must evaluate tissues of immature animals from a number of types of nonclinical toxicity studies. The pathologist who is familiar with normal postnatal organ development is in a better position to appropriately detect and differentiate between abnormal, delayed, or precocious development. Vacuolation and apoptosis in multiple tissue types are normal components of development that could influence the interpretation of some tissues. Unique postnatal features such as the germal matrix in the brain, gonocytes in the testes, and saccules in the lung may complicate the histopathological evaluation. With the knowledge of normal organ development and critical windows therein, it is possible to design targeted studies to identify xenobiotic toxicity.
Review: Sybille Krämer, Medium, Messenger, Transmission: An Approach to Media Philosophy
Authors: Hill David W.
Published: October 2016

This review of Medium, Messenger, Transmission outlines and introduces the media philosophy of Sybille Krämer. Her argument that communication initiates a relationship with the other as an ethical act is read alongside the work of Emmanuel Levinas, before exploring the impact of our contemporary obligation to be available for communication in working environments that seem not to encourage or instantiate this moral encounter.
Regional muscle tissue saturation is an indicator of global inadequate circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized porcine study using muscle, intestinal and brain tissue metabolomics
Authors: Thomassen Sisse Anette , Kjærgaard Benedict , Sørensen Preben , Andreasen Jan Jesper , Larsson Anders , Rasmussen Bodil Steen
Published: October 2016

Background:

Muscle tissue saturation (StO2) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy has generally been considered a measurement of the tissue microcirculatory condition. However, we hypothesized that StO2 could be more regarded as a fast and reliable measure of global than of regional circulatory adequacy and tested this with muscle, intestinal and brain metabolomics at normal and two levels of low cardiopulmonary bypass blood flow rates in a porcine model.

Methods:

Twelve 80 kg pigs were connected to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with a blood flow of 60 mL/kg/min for one hour, reduced randomly to 47.5 mL/kg/min (Group I) or 35 mL/kg/min (Group II) for one hour followed by one hour of 60 mL/kg/min in both groups. Regional StO2 was measured continuously above the musculus gracilis (non-cannulated leg). Metabolomics were obtained by brain tissue oxygen monitoring system (Licox) measurements of the brain and microdialysis perfusate from the muscle, intestinal mucosa and brain. A non-parametric statistical method was used.

Results:

The systemic parameters showed profound systemic ischaemia during low CPB blood flow. StO2 did not change markedly in Group I, but in Group II, StO2 decreased immediately when blood flow was reduced and, furthermore, was not restored despite blood flow being normalized. Changes in the metabolomics from the muscle, colon and brain followed the changes in StO2.

Conclusion:

We found, in this experimental cardiopulmonary bypass model, that StO2 reacted rapidly when the systemic circulation became inadequate and, furthermore, reliably indicate insufficient global tissue perfusion even when the systemic circulation was restored after a period of systemic hypoperfusion.
A specifically designed aquatic exercise protocol to reduce chronic lower limb edema
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Tessari Mirko , Bacciglieri Primo , Malagoni Anna Maria , Menegatti Erica , Occhionorelli Savino , Basaglia Nino , Zamboni Paolo
Published: October 2016

Objective

Despite the fact that muscle pump activation is known to positively impact chronic lower limb edema, objective measurements of standardized exercises for venous-lymphatic rehab are lacking. The aim of this investigation is to determine the effectiveness of an addressed physical activity exploiting the advantages of an aquatic environment.

Material and methods

Thirty-two lower limbs of 16 patients affected by bilateral chronic leg swelling were included (12 females, 4 males). All the patients underwent a protocol of five sessions of physical exercises specifically conceived inside a pool. Volumetry, subcutaneous thickness, ankle range of motion and symptomatology were assessed as outcome measures.

Results

One week after the end of the protocol, the average reduction in lower limb volume was 303.13 ± 69.72 ml ( p = 0.00002) and 334.38 ± 62.50 ml ( p = 0.000003) in the right and left legs, respectively. Ankle range of motion and feeling of heaviness significantly improved.

Conclusion

A specifically designed aquatic protocol is able to positively impact chronic leg swelling offering a first line rehab for this medical condition.
Building trust in children
Authors: Rader Nicole E
Published: October 2016

Previous fear of crime studies have rarely considered how fear of crime is learned or the messengers who teach fear of crime to others. This is especially important with children, who often learn about the world from social influences such as parents and teachers. While some work has been done on children’s fear of crime, this work lacks a consideration of the messages parents give children. Further, this research has been restricted to countries such as the US and England. The current research focuses on a country rarely considered in the fear of crime literature – Sweden. In-depth interviews with 14 parents and 10 children are consulted to determine how parents talk to children about safety and what children hear when receiving such messages. Thus, the interplay between parents and their children in the social learning process of safety precautions are considered.
Neighbourhood branding and the right to the city
Authors: Masuda Jeffrey R. , Bookman Sonia
Published: October 2016

In this article we seek to encourage geographers to consider the discursive dimensions of urbanization as a locus for activist inquiry into the right to the city. Drawing from literatures on urban branding and critical toponymy, we implicate the entrepreneurial phenomenon of neighbourhood branding as a primary enabler of urban gentrification and dispossession. Placing the discursive elision of local history, identity, and aspirations into dialectical relation to material infringements upon inhabitants’ collective rights, we suggest how both branding and activist counter-branding tactics may be fruitful sites for future empirical research on the right to the city.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Combined With Distal Realignment for Recurrent Dislocations of the Patella: 5-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Damasena Iswadi , Blythe Murray , Wysocki David , Kelly David , Annear Peter
Published: October 2016

Background:

Tibial tubercle transfer (TTT) and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction have both shown, either in isolation or in combination, to provide improved patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stability. There are few studies that provide evidence that this remains true in the long term.

Purpose:

To compare the long-term results of patellar instability after TTT with and without MPFL reconstruction in 2 randomized groups.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 34 patients (36 knees) were randomized to 2 groups. The first group underwent lateral release (LR) and TTT for confirmed maltracking of the patella (control group). The second group underwent MPFL reconstruction in addition to TTT and LR (reconstruction group). Patients were followed up with validated questionnaires (Kujala score, Tegner activity score), a visual analog scale (VAS) assessing their insecurity, and a clinical assessment at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. Participants also underwent quantitative computed tomography (CT) at 1 year for comparison. Two patients in the control group and 1 patient in the reconstruction group were lost to follow-up at 5 years.

Results:

There were no significant differences in the Kujala ( P = .75), Tegner ( P = .36), or VAS ( P = .75) scores at any time period. One patient in the control group sustained a patellar redislocation at 3 years. Five patients in the control group and 2 in the reconstruction group had functional failures and required reoperations; however, this was not statistically significant ( P = .30). There were no significant differences between groups in the time to return to school or work ( P = .65) or sports ( P = .38) after surgery. Overall patient satisfaction was higher in the reconstruction group compared with the control group ( P = .04), and quantitative CT scans showed that the reconstruction group had a statistically significant improvement in the mean patellar tilt (6° vs −8°, respectively; P = .03) and mean congruence angle (13° vs −11°, respectively; P = .03) in the quadriceps-contracted state compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

Reconstruction of the MPFL in addition to TTT and LR resulted in improved alignment parameters (congruence angle, patellar tilt angle) as well as patient satisfaction. The Kujala and Tegner scores were no different between the 2 groups at any time period. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that the addition of MPFL reconstruction to TTT results in fewer redislocations or reoperations. This study concludes that MPFL reconstruction improves PFJ alignment and patient satisfaction; however, further studies with larger patient numbers are required to satisfy its significance with respect to redislocation rates and functional scores in the long term.
Macromolecular interactions in alginate–gelatin hydrogels regulate the behavior of human fibroblasts
Authors: Sarker Bapi , Singh Raminder , Zehnder Tobias , Forgber Tim , Alexiou Christoph , Cicha Iwona , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R
Published: October 2016

Due to the presence of tripeptide arginine–glycine–aspartic acid, gelatin is considered a very promising additive material to improve the cytocompatibility of alginate-based hydrogels. Two different strategies, physical blending and chemical crosslinking with gelatin, are used in this study to modify alginate hydrogel. As the intermolecular interactions between the polysaccharide and protein in the resulting physically blended and chemically crosslinked hydrogels are different, significant differences in the properties of these hydrogel types, regarding especially their surface topography, degradation kinetics, mechanical properties, and protein release behavior, are observed. Cellular behavior on both types of alginate–gelatin hydrogels is investigated using primary human dermal fibroblasts to elucidate the effects of the different structural, mechanical, and degradation properties of the produced hydrogels on fibroblast attachment and growth. The hydrogel that is chemically crosslinked with gelatin exhibits the highest degree of cytocompatibility regarding adhesion, proliferation, metabolic activity, and morphology of growing fibroblasts.
Environmental Jolts
Authors: Smith Celina
Published: October 2016

Environmental jolts are dramatic unexpected events that can seriously affect firm outcomes, yet little is known about how family firms may respond. Research indicates that they will seek to preserve their socioemotional wealth endowments when these are threatened; less clear is how or why they may differ in this process. Drawing on the same environmental jolt this study investigates their behavioral response. It finds they engage to different extents in behavior labeled as engagement intensification, which engenders increasing risk for their business. While there are differences in family firms’ socioemotional wealth these do not sufficiently explain differences in their behavioral response.
The Association Between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Gait Parameters in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly
Authors: Nakakubo Sho , Doi Takehiko , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ono Rei , Makizako Hyuma , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Hotta Ryo , Suzuki Takao
Published: October 2016

Objective: This study examined the association between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and gait characteristics (e.g., speed, variability) in community-dwelling older adults. Method: This cross-sectional study included 3,901 individuals aged ≥65 years. Participants answered questions about EDS, sleep duration, and other sleep-related symptoms. Gait speed, stride length, and the variability in stride length were assessed by using a stopwatch and a WalkWay device. Results: EDS was significantly associated with slower gait speed among younger subjects (<75 years, p = .021) and with both slower gait speed ( p = .045) and greater variability in stride length among older subjects (≥75 years, p = .048) in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, medication, number of comorbidities, and education. Discussion: EDS associates with gait ability, particularly in older old adults. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the causal association between gait ability and sleep disturbances, including EDS.