bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling between magnetism and topology: From fundamental physics to topological magneto-electronics
Authors: Liu En-Ke ,   State Key Laboratory for Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
Published: December 2023

Magnetism and topological physics are both well-developed disciplines, and their combination is a demand and foundation for the development of next-generation magneto-electronics. Magnetic topological materials are important products of coupling between magnetic order and topological physics, providing material carrier and regulatory degrees of freedom for novel topological physics. Magnetic Weyl semimetals realize Weyl fermion states under time-reversal symmetry breaking, leading to a host of novel magnetic, electric, thermal, and optical effects through enhanced Berry curvature originating from topology. The interaction between Weyl electrons and magnetic order also establishes topological electronic physics as a new principle and driving force for magneto-electronic applications. At present, the primary task and characteristic of the first development stage of magnetic topological materials is to discover new states and effects, while the understanding of interaction between topologically nontrivial electrons in momentum space and magnetic order in real space has received attention of researchers. The comprehensive advances of these two stages will accumulate the physical foundation and application explorations for topological magneto-electronics. This paper focuses on the two development stages of magnetic topological materials and discusses three aspects: (i) proposal and realization of strategy for magnetic topological materials; (ii) exploration of electronic states with nontrivial topology under uniform magnetic order and their associated novel physical properties; (iii) the interaction between localized magnetic states and topological electrons. It provides an in-depth discussion on current hot topics and development trends in the field, and future development in topological magneto-electronics, thereby assisting in the future development of topological spin quantum devices.
On following and becoming a follower
Authors: Brewster Maureen
Published: December 2023

This paper uses phenomenological analysis to consider the phenomenon of becoming a follower. The data includes my field notes from mediated encounters with three of the most-subscribed YouTube content creators, as well as my personal recollections about these experiences, which are interspersed as event memories throughout my notes. Analyzing my event memories of these encounters enables me to follow my affective relationship to these YouTubers and their content, to untangle some of these knobby multiplicities and map the possibilities of following as they emerge. As I follow following around, as a researcher and (perhaps) as a follower myself, I reflect on the role of algorithms shaping who, what, and how we follow online media. Lastly, the methodological ramifications of a researcher becoming a follower–how following and researching bleed into each other, and why this matters–are also explored in this paper.
Sarmiento racista. A más de 150 años de autorizar el corso los afroporteños le quitan la máscara
Authors: Cirio Norberto Pablo
Published: December 2023

Este artículo analiza cómo Sarmiento reconfiguró el carnaval porteño en perspectiva contrahegemónica de los afroargentinos del tronco colonial a partir de la disputa en la prensa en 1858 y con la sociedad envolvente durante el carnaval hasta fines del siglo XIX. Mi hipótesis es que tal reconfiguración fue parte del proyecto de país basado en la Modernidad, dos de cuyos pilares fueron los conceptos de raza y color. Sarmiento se valió del carnaval para angostar el camino de promoción ciudadana en tránsito a la blanquedad, norte ideológico y geográfico que la Generación del 80 instrumentó con rapidez.
Lean Methodologies and Productivity in Mining Development – A Case in a Public Company.
Authors: Alarcón Luis F. , Baladrón Cristóbal , Gahona Patricio , Long David
Published: December 2023

Codelco is a Chilean public company that is the largest copper producer in the world and it has developed multiple initiatives to implement Lean Management in its operations. This article evaluates the impacts of the implementation of Lean production methods on an underground mining development project. The effects of Lean methods, such as The Last Planner® System (LPS), on an appropriate case study and the analysis of these results produced statistical research findings and qualitative observations that suggest a broader implementation of Lean in the mining industry. Among these observations are: a) improvement of the mean for all indicators studied; b) reduction in the variance of some indicators, suggesting more stable processes; c) correlation between the percent plan complete (PPC) from the LPS and its coefficient of variation (CV); d) reduction in the time wasted in delays; and, e) improvement in key organizational attributes. Additionally, all variables associated with positive performance improved during the research, suggesting that the implementation of Lean methodologies improved overall performance throughout the organization.
Lean Project Delivery in the United States Public Sector – History and Current State
Authors: Umstot David
Published: December 2023

Since the late 2000s, public agencies in the United States have been developing alternatives to traditional capital project delivery models in pursuit of better project outcomes. Most public agencies have legal authority to deliver projects through a design-build contract and have been using this contracting method to foster greater collaboration and to integrate the target value design process into a Lean project delivery model. The approaches and practices of four public agencies - San Diego Community College District, University of California San Francisco, the University of Washington, and the California State University System - that have been utilizing this approach are highlighted in this paper. Specific requirements identified to foster the desired collaborative environment, integration of Lean principles and practices, value creation, budget and cost performance, and schedule performance are shared. Metrics from selected projects give evidence that this approach is delivering greater value for these institutions, the design and construction community, taxpayers, and most importantly the internal customers that are using the constructed assets. Knowledge transfer of the resources developed to procure these types of projects and to create and sustain the environment necessary for project success has greatly benefited these institutions and serves as a potential portal for other public agencies to follow.
Key lessons learned from adopting relational principles in the public sector: a case study in california.
Authors: Tillmann Patricia Andre , Humphrey Ken
Published: December 2023

Alternative project delivery methods that support collaboration are gaining significant attention in the public sector in the U.S., with increasing examples of owners that transform their traditional delivery methods into ones that reflect relational contracting principles. These approaches are new and despite their proven benefits, their widespread is hindered by the novelty and unfamiliarity nature. The aim of this paper was to contribute to bridge this gap. The key elements associated with relational principles were drawn from the literature and discussed in the light of an empirical case in California. This successful case study provides evidence that these elements can work, even with the limitations commonly observed in the public sector. The paper discusses observed best practices and reveals some practical insights from a project team that was implementing relational elements in the public sector for the first time. The findings of this study will hopefully contribute to the widespread of these practices, and inspire academics and practitioners to initiate or continue their journey towards more collaborative project delivery methods in the construction industry.
The lean journey of the finnish real estate.
Authors: Merikallio Lauri
Published: December 2023

Nothing teaches us more than our experiences. That was the main reason why the Finnish construction industry has not only studied Lean and IPD but also launched several pilot projects by public owners to learn, adapt Lean principles in practice, and develop an IPD model suitable for the Finnish construction industry.

The IPD model demands teamwork and adapting Lean and IPD industrywide is also teamwork. In Finland, several owners and service providers have been working together since 2010 sharing their learnings in workshops, seminars, and conferences.

Over 100 IPD projects have also been a platform for several academic papers. The Finnish Universities have published tens of master’s and doctoral theses during the past 10 years on Lean construction, IPD, and alliance models.

The Finnish construction industry has gained major benefits and made important progress on its Lean journey. Lean philosophy and tools have delivered tangible cost savings in projects and services and improved cost estimates, schedule adherence, quality, integration, and collaboration in construction projects. 

Finland has succeeded in creating smooth and practical discussion and development forums that have shaped the whole industry. The key drivers contributing to this progress are collaboration and integration, confidence-building between the partners as well a deeper understanding and application of the Lean principles in construction. As a result, Lean and integrated project execution are already reflected in the strategies adopted by many companies and client organizations.
Effects of Oyster Shell Powder on the Microbial and Physicochemical Quality of Afitin, a Traditional Fermented Condiment
Authors: Koumassa O. A. Bassitou , Hounsou Mathias , Ouétchéhou Romaric , Akpovi E. S. Mélissa , Zannou A. A. Lilans , Dabadé D. Sylvain
Published: December 2023

Aims: Afitin is a perishable condiment due to its high water content. Various preservatives are used to extend its shelf life, and among them, salt (NaCl) has generated controversy due to potential health risks associated to exposure to elevated concentrations of salt. The present study aims at assessing the effect of oyster shell powder on the quality changes of Afitin during storage at 30°C.

Methodology: Oyster shell powder was added to the condiment just before the natural fermentation at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. At the end of the 24 h natural fermentation, the product was stored at 30°C. Afitin samples which did not receive the oyster shell powder served as controls. Samples were taken for microbiological, pH, water activity, and sensory analyses just before the fermentation, at the end of the fermentation, and at days 2 and 4 during storage.

Results: Oyster shell powder had a significant effect on the growth of microorganisms, on pH and water activity during the storage of Afitin. The average Total Viable Count (TVC) in the control samples was 8.9 Log CFU/g, whereas in the Afitin with 2% oyster shell powder, this load was 6.9 Log CFU/g after 2 days of storage. At the same time, the enterobacteria load in the control Afitin was 7.7 Log CFU/g, whereas in the Afitin with 2% oyster shell powder, it was below the detection limit. There was also a significant difference between the samples inoculated with 1% oyster shell powder and the control. From the sensory analysis, the control Afitin was rejected by the panellists after 48 h of storage, whereas the Afitin with 1% or 2% oyster shell powder was not rejected until the end of storage (4th day), indicating a notable prolongation of the product's shelf life by at least 100%.

Conclusion: The results show that oyster shell powder can potentially be used to improve the preservation of Afitin.
Treatment Options for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetics
Authors: Amadi Chikadibia Fyneface , Okolonkwo Benjamin Nnamdi , Jack Isobo , Odiabara Kingsley Kalawari
Published: December 2023

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection suitable for sexual intercourse. This condition is common with diabetic males. This article comprehensively reviews various treatment options for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in diabetic men, with a specific focus on the potential of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (LI-ESWT). Persistent hyperglycemia may decrease nitric oxide (NO) generation, the cycloguanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, reactive free radical levels, the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, and nerve function, all of which may be contributing factors to ED in diabetic patients. Elevated AGE expression in diabetes individuals' corpus cavernosum may result in structural alterations to the tissue, including thicker arterial walls, decreased flexibility, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Chronic hyperglycemia can produce nerve injury that affects both autonomic and other sensory patterns. The following are existing treatment options for ED; oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, intracavernosal injection therapy, Intraurethral PGE1 suppository (IUS), Vacuum Erection Device (VED) and penile prosthesis or penile implant. Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT), the treatment options for ED is a non-invasive procedure that focuses on address the root causes of ED. The mechanism underlying the efficacy of shock wave treatment is vasodilation and angiogenesis leading to improved blood flow to the penis by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The review unveiled the success potential of (LI-ESWT) in treating diabetic impotence.
Efficacy of Tannin Extract from Cape Gooseberry Root Physalis peruviana L. as Egg De-Adhesion Agent during Artificial Propagation of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell
Authors: Alo O. F.  , Adebayo O. T.
Published: December 2023

The study assessed the best immersion period and concentrations of the Cape gooseberry root Physalis peruviana that can efficiently remove egg adhesiveness of Clarias gariepinus. One male and one female C. gariepinus brood stock weighing 1.0 kg and 1.3 kg respectively, were used for the experiment. Three different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of tannin extract from Cape gooseberry root were used. Tannic acid (0.75g) diluted in 1 litre of water was used as reference de-adhesion agent, while water was used as control. The fish eggs were rinsed with the solutions at different durations of 0.5, 1 and 2 minutes. Each concentration and rinsing time was recorded in triplicates. Data generated were subjected to Univariate Analysis of Variance Test, and third order Polynomial regression analysis was then used to determine the best concentration and immersion period that neutralizes adhesiveness in eggs of C. gariepinus. Results of the study showed that there were no significant differences (p≤0.05) in the non-adhesive eggs and hatching of eggs immersed in tannin extract from Cape gooseberry root and Tannic acid solution but significantly different from the control. Therefore, this study showed that tannin extract from Cape gooseberry root at 1% concentration and 1 minute immersion period is more efficient for egg adhesion and increase hatching in C. gariepinus.
Aloe barbadensis Effect on Growth Performance and Gastrointestinal Tract of Labeo rohita
Authors: Akhtar Nasim , Haider Muhmmad Sultan , Zareen Mamoona Kiran , Fatima Sadia , Hassan Adeela
Published: December 2023

Fish is a rich source of nutrients and help to reduce the inadequacy of calcium, vitamin A, iron, protein and cure many diseases. Labeo rohita (Rohu) is commercial species of Pakistan and main food item. The base of this study is to enhance the growth of Labeo rohita under special dietary condition. The aim of this research project was to check the effect of traditional herb Aloe barbadensis on Growth rate, FCR, Survival rate and Gastrointestinal villi histopathology of Labeo rohita fed on different Aloe barbadensis concentration containing diet.

Methodology: Initial stocks of 120 Labeo rohita fingerlings having average weight 14.30 +3.51g were bought from Government Fish Hatchery, Faisalabad. Aloe barbadensis leaf’s powder were prepared ad mixed with different concentration of conventional feed ingredients like such as fish meal, rice polish, corn, wheat bran. Four treatments were designed including a control and Aloe barbadensis incorporated in the fish feed at 0%, 05% and 10%, 15% which were administrated for a period of 180 days. This feeding trial remains continued till 180 days in aquarium. Iso nitrogenous diets having protein level 33±1g.45 but different concentration of Aloe barbadensis were prepared and fed to fingerlings. Ingredients quantity was calculated by using Pearson square method. Conventional feed ingredients i.e. fish meal, rice polish, corn and wheat brane were used in feed in pellet forn. At the end of feeding trial three fish from each aquarium were selected randomly for gastrointestinal analysis. Gastrointestinal Villi parameters like length, width of intestine villi were measured at the end of trail.

Results: According to results, different levels of Aloe barbadensis leave’s powder had significant positive effect upon Growth, Survival rate, and FCR. Results showed that Aloe barbadensis at 15% (T3) resulted in improved growth rate, Survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The Aloe barbadensis-treated groups showed improvement in intestinal villi length, width and gap between villi. The present study suggests that Aloe barbadensis especially at 15% feed administration may enhance effectively the growth performance and gastrointestinal (villi) parameters like length, width and gap between villi of Labeo rohita.
Studies on Variable Level of N Fertigation on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kandhari Kabuli
Authors: Thakur Manish , Sharma S. D. , Rimpika  , Thakur Disha , Thakur Kiran
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted to study the effect of variable level of N along with recommended dose of P and K through fertigation on growth, yield and quality parameters of pomegranate on eleven year old pomegranate trees cv. Kandhari Kabuli under mid hill conditions of HP. Treatment consisted of five levels of Nitrogen fertilizer 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% along with 100% recommended dose of P and K through fertigation and conventional method of fertilizer application (with recommended dose of NPK) kept as control. Fertigation treatments had a promising effect over conventional method and treatment of 75% RD of N and RD of P and K through fertigation proved significant over other fertigation treatments and conventional method. Highest tree growth parameters, fruit set, fruit retention, average fruit weight and yield was recorded highest for 75% RD of N and RD of P and K through fertigation. Physico-chemical fruit characteristics viz. highest TSS, lower acidity, highest TSS acid ratio, highest sugars and ascorbic acid content (Vit. C) was also recorded for 75% RD of N and RD of P and K.
Growth and Productivity of Castor as Influenced by Millet Based Intercropping Systems
Authors: Sangeetha S. P.  , Dilip Pakale Smryti , Vanitha K.  , Somasundaram E.  , Maragatham S.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2022 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the influence of millet based intercropping systems on growth and productivity of castor under irrigated situation. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatment consist of nine cropping systems viz., castor + foxtail millet (1:3), castor + proso millet (1:3), castor + little millet (1:3), castor + kodo millet (1:3), paired row castor + foxtail millet (2:4), paired row castor + proso millet (2:4), paired row castor + little millet (2:4), paired row castor + kodo millet (2:4), sole castor. Experimental results revealed that the different millet based cropping systems significantly influenced growth and productivity of castor. Sole castor was recorded the highest growth, yield parameters and seed yield (20.98 q/ha). Among the millet based intercropping systems, maximum values of growth parameters viz., plant height (170.20 cm), number of branches/plant (7.90), stem girth (8.70 cm) and dry matter production (29.83 q/ha) were recorded in the paired row castor + proso millet (2:4) and it  was on par with paired row castor + foxtail millet (2:4). Similarly, yield and yield attributing characters viz., number of spike/plant (28.2), number of capsule/ spike (55.8), highest length of primary branch (40.1 cm) and seed yield (20.03 q/ha) was obtained in paired row castor + proso millet (2:4) and it was comparable paired row castor + foxtail millet (2:4). The economic study revealed that the higher net return and benefit cost ratio was obtained from paired row castor + foxtail millet (2:4) (₹. 74,842.00 and 2.30) and paired row castor + proso millet (2:4) ((₹. 72,702.00 and 2.26). From this study, it was concluded that proso millet and foxtail millet were indentified to be compatible intercrops with castor for improved productivity.
Studies on Influence of Lipo-chito Oligosaccharides, Nano and Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Growth and Growth Parameters of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: Bindu Kalle Hima , Murali K. , Hanumanthappa D. C. , Gousia S. U.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2022 to studies on influence of lipo-chito oligosaccharides, nano and water-soluble fertilizer on growth and growth parameters of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of 75% recommended dose of NP + 100 % K along with soil application of lipo-chito oligosaccharide (LCO) fortified bio-fertilizer @ 10 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 19:19:19 @ 2 % spray at flowering and pod filling stages recorded significantly higher leaf area, leaf area index at 60 DAS (1772 cm2 plant-1 and 4.91 respectively), leaf area duration (57.59 and 81.07 cm2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively), no. of nodules plant at 35 DAS (31.12), total dry matter accumulation (12.74 and 20.05 g plant-1 at 60 DAS and harvest, respectively), absolute growth rate (0.24 and 0.30 g day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively), crop growth rate (8.15 and 9.21 g cm-2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively) and relative growth rate (0.031 and 0.040 g g day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS­­-at harvest, respectively).
Identification of Resistant and Susceptible Sources against Blast Diseases in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana L. (Gaertn.)]
Authors: Vadodariya Gopal D. , Deshmukh Amol J. , Patil Harshal E. , Pali Vikas , Palanna K. B.
Published: December 2023

The study was undertaken to evaluate the 490 finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) genotypes (released, pre-release and breeding genotypes) including two check varieties viz., Indaf 5 (susceptible) and GPU-28 (resistant) against neck and finger blast disease at Hill Millet Research Station, Waghai, The Dangs, Gujarat during kharif, 2018 to 2022.  Among all the 490 genotypes, 148 genotypes have shown resistant reaction under high disease pressure field conditions for neck and finger blast disease. However, 44 germplasm genotypes have shown consistent susceptible reaction during five years tested viz; kharif, 2018 to 2022. The genotypes viz., CFMV 2, GN-8, VL-376, PR-202 and GPU-67, showed the higher immune reaction under natural field condition. The pooled percent disease intensity of neck and finger blast diseases ranged from 2.90 to 72.4 per cent and 3.9 to 84.2 per cent respectively, in all tested genotypes including national and local checks. The resistant check variety GPU-28 exhibited resistant reaction to both neck and finger blast. In susceptible check variety Indaf-5 recorded the pooled diseases intensity of 61.74 % for neck blast and 73.6 % for finger blast. In which 72.4 and 84.2 is the highest percent pooled disease intensity of neck and finger blasts recorded in finger millet entry WN 666 which is the most highly susceptible reaction noted across five years of study in blast susceptible zone of Gujarat.
Productivity of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) under Trench Protected Structure in Cold Desert Ladakh, India
Authors: Kanwar M. S. , Sharma O. C.
Published: December 2023

Early growing season and later harvest season encounter with low temperatures restricting summer squash cultivation commercially in Ladakh. Summer squash cultivation in Ladakh have generally been restricted to limited pockets due to lack of awareness about technological advancement like cultivars and proper protected structure. Moreover, poor quality planting material is also responsible for low productivity even in protected structures. Hence, varietal trial under trenches was conducted with a view to improve yield and availability period. Results revealed that summer squash var. All Green was highest yielder (1206.875 Q/ha) with highest fruit weight (1.838 kg) and number of marketable fruits (5.75). More than 200 per cent increase in summer squash yield is observed in trenches with variety All Green as compared to variety Australian Green. Therefore, production technology comprising trench and summer squash variety All Green might be up-scaled to similar climatic condition with high wind velocity to enhance farm income of the farmers.
Bioremidation and Phytoremdiation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Authors: Mmonwuba Nwanneka C. D.  , Chekwube Oreh David , Chibuzor Okoye Stella-Maris , Anthony Anadi chiemerie
Published: December 2023

Remediating soil contaminated by petroleum is a significant environmental problem that calls for long-term and practical solutions. In order to solve this problem, this study investigates the potential benefits of combining phytoremediation with bioremediation procedures. Whereas phytoremediation uses specialized plants to collect and detoxify pollutants, bioremediation makes use of microorganisms' inherent ability to degrade materials. Aim of the search is to assess the viability, effectiveness, and ecological consequences of these techniques. Systematic experiments revealed that petroleum pollutants in soil can be efficiently reduced by both phytoremediation and bioremediation. While phytoremediation demonstrates the potential of specific plant species to collect and mitigate contaminants, bioremediation benefits from a broad microbial community that breaks down complex hydrocarbons. A few variables that affect the effectiveness of both strategies are temperature, moisture levels, plant selection, and microbial activity. The use of bioremediation and phytoremediation both have benefits and drawbacks, which renders them complimentary methods. Site- specific elements including soil characteristics, pollutant kinds, and weather patterns affect its performance. These techniques are being improved upon by research, which also incorporates cutting-edge technology like genetic engineering and nanoremediation.
Research on Deep learning based Ultrasonic Image Learning to Develop a Gas Leak Detection Model
Authors: Gu Yunjeong , Park Kwanghyun , Lee Wonhee , Song Byunghun , Hong Jungpyo , Shin Junho
Published: December 2023

If a gas leak occurs in an industrial area, identifying the location of the gas leak and predicting the scale of the accident are challenging owing to the invisible nature of the gas. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based gas leak detection model that can obtain not only the gas leak status, but also the gas leak location and flow rate information, by using technology to visualize the ultrasonic waves generated during gas leaks. Research methods are broadly categorized into data collection and model learning methods. First, data was collected using an ultrasonic camera to capture ultrasonic images at different measurement distances (1 and 3 m) and gas leak flow rates (0-8 L/min). YOLO (You Only Look Once) was used for image learning, and the model was trained after setting the class according to the gas-leak flow range. The clarity of the collected ultrasonic images decreased as the measurement distance increased. In addition, there was little difference between the images for each leakage flow rate, posing challenges in distinguishing them with the naked eye. However, the model learning results showed high accuracy, with a precision of 0.960, recall of 0.967, and mAP (IoU (Intersection over Union) 50%) of 0.987. Applying this model as a gas safety management technology at industrial sites, enables the accurate determination of gas leak status, gas leak location, and gas leakage flow. This information is expected to guide appropriate accident responses for workers.
Cluster Analysis to Identify Priority Areas for Water Quality Management in Water Supply Systems
Authors: Moon Gi Hoon , Lee Seung Yeon , Yu Jin Kyung , Kang Doosun , Yoo Do Guen
Published: December 2023

Zoning methodologies, such as district metered areas (DMA), are commonly employed to robustly maintain water pipe network systems in both normal and abnormal situations. However, the management and evaluation typically associated with existing DMAs primarily focus on ensuring stable water volume and pressure. Consequently, these methods do not adequately address the maintenance of water quality elements within the water supply system, such as adequately managing residual chlorine and reducing water quality complaints. This study introduced a zoning tailored explicitly for managing water quality-oriented elements, facilitating stable water quality management, and enhancing responses to water quality incidents in large-scale domestic water supply networks. A method was proposed to establish priorities for each zone, using various geographic information system (GIS)-based water quality-related structured data (such as water quality measurement data and pipe data) and unstructured data (such as water quality complaints). Comprehensive water quality management was achieved by applying machine learning techniques based on clustering analysis to derive evaluation factors. The proposed methodology was implemented in Metropolitan City A in Korea, leading to the derivation and analysis of evaluation results. This data-centric water supply network priority management area designation methodology, as presented in this study, is anticipated to serve as a valuable decision-making tool for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of water supply network operation and the overall management of water supply operators.
Assessment of Drought and Desertification Outlook in China Using Meteorological Drought Indices
Authors: Kim Hayong , Joo Jingul
Published: December 2023

Changing land use patterns in China may result in adverse impacts on the climate in Northeast Asia. In particular, desertification of the Chinese mainland can also have a significant influence on the climate in South Korea, such as the occurrence of yellow dust storms. This study aimed to forecast the desertification in China through a comprehensive drought analysis. Three drought indices namely, SPI, GEVI, and SPEI, were determined for eight cities in China namely, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xianyang, Urumqi, Chongqing, Wuhan, and Weihai. There was a strong correlation between SPI and SPEI, while GEVI showed a slightly lower correlation. The long-term droughts that can trigger desertification exhibited high correlations among the considered indices. To assess the impact of climate change, periods of severe drought occurrence were compared in ten-year intervals since 1970. It was observed that severe droughts occurred throughout China in the 1970s and 1990s. However, there was no apparent trend in increasing drought days or worsening drought conditions. Desertification in China can be influenced not only by the rainfall but also by the changes in land use pattern and exploitation of water resources. Therefore, additional research is deemed necessary to evaluate desertification in China.
What to Know About PREVENT, the AHA’s New Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculator
Authors: Larkin Howard
Published: December 2023

This Medical News article discusses the American Heart Association’s new cardiovascular disease risk calculator, called PREVENT.
Case Sampling for Evaluating Hospital Postoperative Morbidity in US Surgical Quality Improvement Programs
Authors: Chen Vivi W. , Rosen Tracey , Dong Yongquan , Richardson Peter A. , Kramer Jennifer R. , Petersen Laura A. , Massarweh Nader N.
Published: December 2023

Importance

US surgical quality improvement (QI) programs use data from a systematic sample of surgical cases, rather than universal review of all cases, to assess and compare risk-adjusted hospital postoperative complication rates. Given decreasing postoperative complication rates over time and the types of cases eligible for abstraction, it is unclear whether case sampling is robust for identifying hospitals with higher than expected complications.

Objective

To compare the assessment of hospital 30-day complication rates derived from sampling strategy used by some US surgical QI programs relative to universal review of all cases.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This US hospital-level analysis took place from January 1, 2016, through September 30, 2020. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2022, through December 21, 2022. Quarterly, risk-adjusted, 30-day complication observed to expected (O-E) ratios were calculated for each hospital using the sample (n = 502 730) and universal review (n = 1 725 364). Outlier hospitals (ie, those with higher than expected mortality) were identified using an O-E ratio significantly greater than 1.0. Patients 18 years and older who underwent a noncardiac operation at US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals with a record in the VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program (systematic sample) and the VA Corporate Data Warehouse surgical domain (100% of surgical cases) were included.

Main Outcome Measure

Thirty-day complications.

Results

Most patients in both the representative sample and the universal sample were men (90.2% vs 91.2%) and White (74.7% vs 74.5%). Overall, 30-day complication rates were 7.6% and 5.3% for the sample and universal review cohorts, respectively (P < .001). Over 2145 hospital quarters of data, hospitals were identified as an outlier in 15.0% of quarters using the sample and 18.2% with universal review. Average hospital quarterly complication rates were 4.7%, 7.2%, and 7.4% for outliers identified using the sample only, universal review only, and concurrent identification in both data sources, respectively. For nonsampled cases, average hospital quarterly complication rates were 7.0% at outliers and 4.4% at nonoutliers. Among outlier hospital quarters in the sample, 54.2% were concurrently identified with universal review. For those identified with universal review, 44.6% were concurrently identified using the sample.

Conclusion

In this observational study, case sampling identified less than half of hospitals with excess risk-adjusted postoperative complication rates. Future work is needed to ascertain how to best use currently collected data and whether alternative data collection strategies may be needed to better inform local QI efforts.
Bantu Expansion
Authors: Bostoen Koen
Published: December 2023

The Bantu expansion is the initial spread of the Bantu languages and the people speaking them from their original homeland in the border zone of modern‐day Nigeria and Cameroon over major parts of eastern and central Africa. This entry reviews the key evidence from historical linguistics, evolutionary genetics, and archaeology for this major demic expansion which took place between about five thousand and two thousand years ago and transformed the continent's linguistic, biological, and cultural landscape.
Enabling Electron Delocalization by Conductor Heterostructure for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Baowei , Song Zirui , Xiao Xuhuan , Cao Ziwei , Xiong Dengyi , Deng Wentao , Hou Hongshuai , Yang Yingchang , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo
Published: December 2023

Niobium oxides have fascinated numerous interests for ultrafast sodium‐ion batteries due to their impressive stability, fast pseudocapacitive kinetics, and high safety features. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and unrevealed mechanisms largely limit their further applications. Here, inspired by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the introduction of conductor heterostructure (Nb2O5/NbSe2) can largely decrease the bulk phase inserted energy of Na+ from 9.88 to −3.54 eV, as well as promote the delocalization of electron, greatly improving the electrical conductivity of Nb2O5. As expected, the as‐obtained orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T‐Nb2O5‐x‐NbSe2@C) delivers a high conductivity of 3.69 S cm−1, exhibiting a great improvement of four orders magnitude than that of the parent Nb2O5 (1.87 × 10−4 S cm−1). Impressively, T‐Nb2O5‐x‐NbSe2@C possesses a high reversible capacity of 249 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, as well as excellent rate performance of 63 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1, nearly twins the capacity of parent porous Nb2O5. Furthermore, the periodic evolutions of the main peaks for targeted electrodes during repeated charging/discharging processes have been further revealed by in situ XRD, demonstrating a highly reversible inserted/extracted storage mechanism of Na+. This work provides a novel method to improve the conductivity of materials by constructing conductor heterojunction.
Polymerized Riboflavin and Anthraquinone Derivatives for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kleinbruckner Nadine , Leeb Elisabeth , Wielend Dominik , Schimanofsky Corina , Cobet Munise , Mayr Felix , Kerschbaumer Angelina , Yumusak Cigdem , Richtar Jan , Scharber Markus Clark , Neugebauer Helmut , Irimia‐Vladu Mihai , Krajcovic Jozef , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is identified as a promising reagent for fuel cells, reducing the dependency on carbon‐based fuels. In this work, electrochemically synthesized polymers are employed to improve the efficiency of the oxygen (O2) reduction reaction, thus producing H2O2 in an environmentally friendly way. Two aminoanthraquinones, as well as riboflavin (vitamin B2), are successfully immobilized via oxidative electropolymerization onto both glassy carbon and carbon paper. Of the investigated compounds, polyriboflavin shows a high Faradaic efficiency toward O2 reduction, even at a very low potential of only −0.1 V versus SHE. This catalytic effect is present in neutral and alkaline conditions, using both glassy carbon and carbon paper, but highly pronounced in neutral, aqueous solutions.
Unleashing Photocarrier Transport in Mesoporous Single‐Crystalline LaTiO2N for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Ran , He Hanna , Shi Li , Du Dayue , Lin Guoan , Zhang Chuhong , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: December 2023

LaTiO2N is a promising narrow‐bandgap semiconductor photocatalyst that shows great promise for water redox reactions. However, its performance is often hindered by fast photocarrier recombination events. Herein, LaTiO2N mesoporous single crystals (MSCs) are successfully fabricated via a topotactic conversion route by using the Ruddlesden–Popper compound NaLaTiO4 as the precursor. The LaTiO2N MSCs are characterized by high crystallinity, abundant mesopores, no grain boundaries (GBs), and exposure of (010) and (101) crystal facets. A facet‐assisted photocarrier separation mechanism is identified for these LaTiO2N MSCs which contributes to the much better photocarrier separation than conventional counterparts. By loading proper cocatalysts, LaTiO2N MSCs serve as an efficient photocatalyst for water‐splitting half‐reactions and are capable of photocatalyzing overall water‐splitting reactions, delivering an impressive apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) as high as 65.07% at 420 ± 20 nm for O2‐evolution and a solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) efficiency as high as 0.012% for solar‐driven overall water splitting. These findings not only highlight the grain‐boundary‐free MSCs with peculiar crystal‐facet exposure as highly active photocatalysts for particulate photocatalysis but also provide a rational design approach for developing efficient photocatalysts.
Boosting Thermoelectric Performance of Thermogalvanic Hydrogels by Structure Engineering Induced by Liquid Nitrogen Quenching
Authors: Zhang Ding , Fang Yanjie , Liu Lili , Zhou Yuetong , Bai Peijia , Li Qi , Guo Jiaqi , Ma Rujun
Published: December 2023

Quasi‐solid thermogalvanic hydrogels hold great promise in harvesting low‐grade thermal energy, yet, they are still far from practical application owing to relatively low power output. Herein, through liquid nitrogen quenching‐induced structure engineering, a high‐performance stretchable thermogalvanic hydrogel thread with a high specific output power density of 2227.5 µW m−2 K−2 and a large thermopower of 4.5 mV K−1 is designed. After liquid nitrogen quenching, both the thermopower and electrical conductivity have been greatly improved compared to natural cooling. The excellent properties are attributed to liquid nitrogen quenching‐induced grain refinement and precipitation inhibition. It is a novel and general preparation method for high‐performance and homogeneous thermogalvanic hydrogels. Finally, a thermogalvanic hydrogel array is demonstrated to be capable of driving a low‐power motor and charging a mobile phone by low‐grade thermal energy harvesting, indicating a great potential for practical applications in human daily life.
Impact of Various Dopants on Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Polycrystalline GeSb2Te4
Authors: Jiang Yihan , Pan Zhenyu , Huang Haoran , Wan Shun , Chen Heyang , Zhao Kunpeng , Wei Tian‐Ran , Shi Xun
Published: December 2023

GeSb2Te4 (GST124), one of the well‐known phase‐change materials for nonvolatile memory and rewritable optical storage, has been recently found to be promising thermoelectric materials with low lattice thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity. However, its thermoelectric performance is greatly restricted by the excessively high hole concentration. Herein, the impact of a series of group IIIA (Al, Ga, In) and group VIA (S, Se) dopants on the electrical transport properties of polycrystalline GST124 has been studied. It is found that element sulfur (S) has the best doping efficiency because the GeS bonds are very strong and ionic that are beneficial for suppressing Ge vacancies to reduce the carrier concentration. Meanwhile, element indium (In) also shows decent doping efficiency because its ionic radius is close to the Ge ion and the InTe bonds have moderate bonding strength. Moreover, In doping introduces a resonant level in the valence band, leading to enhanced Seebeck coefficient and power factor. A high figure of merit (zT)of 0.73 at 700 K and an average zT of 0.48 over 300–750 K are obtained in Ge0.92In0.08Sb2Te4, which are 26% and 66% higher than pristine GST124. This study will advance the understanding and development of high‐performance GeSbTe‐based thermoelectric materials.
Intelligent Online Sensing of Defects Evolution in Metallic Materials during Plastic Deformation
Authors: Tang Xuefeng , He Chuanyue , Guo Wentian , Lin Peixian , Deng Lei , Wang Xinyun , Xie Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Metallic plastic deformation involves complex microstructural changes and defect evolution, posing challenges in predicting and controlling the quality and performance of formed parts. Therefore, a pressing demand exists for a proficient online defect‐sensing system to monitor  defects evolution continuously within components during plastic deformation in real time. This article proposes an intelligent online sensing approach for detecting defects in metallic plastic forming based on acoustic emission (AE) and machine learning. A comparative analysis is conducted on AE amplitude signals, stress–strain curves, and defect evolution during the tensile process of TA15 titanium alloy specimens under different stress states. It is found that the defect formation process can be divided into four stages based on the AE amplitude signals. A convolutional neural network model for intelligent defect sensing is established. It leverages transfer learning and is grounded in the relationship between AE signals and the evolution of internal defects. The prediction accuracy using different pretrained models is investigated and compared. It is discerned that utilizing GoogleNet as the pretrained model offers the swiftest training pace with a prediction accuracy of 97.57%. This approach enables intelligent online sensing of internal defect evolution in metal plastic deformation processes.
Intravenous Thrombolysis before Complete Angiographic Reperfusion: Beyond Angiographic Assessment to Target Microvascular Obstruction?
Authors: Gory Benjamin , Finitsis Stephanos , Olivot Jean‐Marc , Richard Sébastien , Marnat Gaultier , Sibon Igor , Viguier Alain , Cognard Christophe , Mazighi Mikael , Chamorro Angel , Lapergue Bertrand , Maïer Benjamin ,   Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: December 2023

Objective

Recent data have suggested that ineffective tissue reperfusion despite successful angiographic reperfusion was partly responsible for unfavorable outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) and might be modulated by intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) use before EVT. To specifically decipher the effect played by IVT before EVT, we compared the clinical and safety outcomes of patients who experienced a complete reperfusion at the end of EVT according to IVT use before EVT.

Methods

The Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) registry is an ongoing, prospective, observational study at 21 centers that perform EVT in France. Patients were included if they had an anterior large vessel occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery (M1/M2 segments) and complete reperfusion (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score = 3) with EVT within 6 hours, between January 2015 and December 2021. The cohort was divided into two groups according to IVT use before EVT, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the two groups. Primary outcome was the shift in the degree of disability as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included favorable outcome (mRS 0–2) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90‐day mortality. Outcomes were estimated with multivariate logistic models adjusted for age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, and time from symptom onset to puncture.

Results

Among 5,429 patients included in the ETIS registry, 1,093 were included in the study, including 651 patients with complete recanalization treated with IVT before EVT. After PSM, 488 patients treated with IVT before EVT were compared to 337 patients without IVT. In the matched cohort analysis, the IVT+EVT group had a favorable shift in the overall mRS score distribution (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.91, p = 0.023) and higher rates of favorable outcome (61.1% vs 48.7%, aOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.02–2.20, p = 0.041) at 90 days compared with the EVT alone group. Rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were comparable between both groups (6.0% vs 4.3%, aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.53–2.54, p = 0.709).

Interpretation

In clinical practice, even after complete angiographic reperfusion by EVT, prior IVT use improves clinical outcomes of patients without increasing bleeding risk. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:762–773