bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation and modeling of the evolution of Texas power plant plumes
Authors: Zhou W. , Cohan D. S. , Pinder R. W. , Neuman J. A. , Holloway J. S. , Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , Nowak J. B. , Flocke F. M. , Zheng W.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. During the second Texas Air Quality Study 2006 (TexAQS II), a full range of pollutants was measured by aircraft in eastern Texas during successive transects of power plant plumes (PPPs). A regional photochemical model is applied to simulate the physical and chemical evolution of the plumes. The observations reveal that SO2 and NOy were rapidly removed from PPPs on a cloudy day but not on the cloud-free days, indicating efficient aqueous processing of these compounds in clouds. The model reasonably represents observed NOx oxidation and PAN formation in the plumes, but fails to capture the rapid loss of SO2 (0.37 h−1) and NOy (0.24 h−1) in some plumes on the cloudy day. Adjustments to the cloud liquid water content (QC) and the default metal concentrations in the cloud module could explain some of the SO2 loss. However, NOy in the model was insensitive to QC. These findings highlight cloud processing as a major challenge to atmospheric models. Model-based estimates of ozone production efficiency (OPE) in PPPs are 20–50 % lower than observation-based estimates. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include the observed rapid NOy loss which biases high some observation-based OPE estimates, and the model's under-prediction of isoprene emissions.
Scale dependency of fractional flow dimension in a fractured formation
Authors: Chang Y.-C. , Yeh H.-D. , Liang K.-F. , Kuo M.-C. T.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The flow dimensions of fractured media were usually predefined before the determination of the hydraulic parameters from the analysis of field data in the past. However, it would be improper to make assumption about the flow geometry of fractured media before site characterization because the hydraulic structures and flow paths are complex in the fractured media. An appropriate way to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of a fracture system is to determine the flow dimension and aquifer parameters simultaneously. The objective of this study is to analyze a set of field data obtained from four observation wells during an 11-day hydraulic test at Chingshui geothermal field (CGF) in Taiwan in determining the hydrogeologic properties of the fractured formation. Based on the generalized radial flow (GRF) model and the optimization scheme, simulated annealing, an approach is therefore developed for the data analyses. The GRF model allows the flow dimension to be integer or fractional. We found that the fractional flow dimension of CGF increases near linearly with the distance between the pumping well and observation well, i.e. the flow dimension of CGF exhibits scale-dependent phenomenon. This study provides insights into interpretation of fracture flow at CGF and gives a reference for characterizing the hydrogeologic properties of fractured media.
Comparing Isoelectric Point and Surface Composition of Plasma Modified Native and Deposited SiO2 Films Using Contact Angle Titrations and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Trevino Kristina J. , Shearer Jeffrey C. , Tompkins Brendan D. , Fisher Ellen R.
Published: July 2011

Surface isoelectric point, contact angle (CA), chemical composition, film growth method, and aging effects were measured for plasma‐surface treatment of two different types of SiO2 substrates. The relationship between these values was explored using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and CA titrations. Two plasma systems, Ar and H2O vapor inductively coupled rf plasmas were used to induce hydrophilic surface modifications on the SiO2 substrates. The SiO2 films deposited from a hexamethylsiloxane/O2 plasma were less susceptible to aging effects after plasma treatment than the native oxide layers. The stability of these surfaces is attributed to their relative thickness and mild annealing experienced during film formation.

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Occlusion criteria in tubes under transverse body forces
Authors: MANNING ROBERT , COLLICOTT STEVEN , FINN ROBERT
Published: July 2011

When a fluid in a tube is occluded, one finds a static configuration in which the occluding free surface of the fluid is an equilibrium capillary surface spanning the tube. We extend known criteria for existence and non-existence of such a surface, leading to an explicit mathematically rigorous occlusion criterion for cylindrical tubes in a transverse body force field, depending on the force magnitude and contact angle. For any contact angle γ ≠ π/2, we provide further an explicit design of a tube section, which will not occlude in a downward gravity field, regardless of the field strength. In addition, we derive a precise analytic occlusion criterion for liquid partially filling a circular vessel spinning about its axis.
SEMIGLOBAL EXTENSION OF MAXIMALLY COMPLEX SUBMANIFOLDS
Authors: DELLA SALA GIUSEPPE , SARACCO ALBERTO
Published: July 2011

Let A be a domain of the boundary of a (weakly) pseudoconvex domain Ω of ℂn and M a smooth, closed, maximally complex submanifold of A. We find a subdomain E of ℂn, depending only on Ω and A, and a complex variety W⊂E such that bW=M in E. Moreover, a generalization to analytic sets of depth at least 4 is given.
On the determination of the ramification index in Clifford's theorem
Authors: van der Waall Robert W.
Published: July 2011

Let K be a field, G a finite group, V a (right) KG-module. If H is a subgroup of G, then, restricting the action of G on V to H, V is also a KH-module. Notation: VH.

Suppose N is a normal subgroup of G. The KN-module VN is not irreducible in general, even when V is irreducible as KG-module. A part of the well-known theorem of A. H. Clifford [1, V.17.3] yields the following.
Schematherapie in Gruppen für Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Reiß Neele
Published: July 2011

Zusammenfassung. In der Gruppenschematherapie (GST) wird das schematherapeutische Modus-Modell auf psychotherapeutische Settings im Gruppenformat übertragen. Kernelemente der Schematherapie, wie begrenzte elterliche Fürsorge und die Integration kognitiver, emotionaler und behavioraler Interventionsstrategien, bleiben im GST-Modell erhalten. Um die Mitarbeit aller Patienten im Gruppensetting gewährleisten zu können, wird der Einsatz eines Co-Therapeuten-Team empfohlen. Eine empirische Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit des GST-Modells liegt bisher nur für die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) vor. Weitere Studien müssen zeigen, ob das GST-Modell auch auf andere Patientengruppen oder Gruppen mit gemischten psychiatrischen Diagnosen übertragbar ist.
Antitumor Activity of a Recombinant Soluble Ectodomain of Mutant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 IIIc
Authors: Wang Ju , Liu Xue-ting , Huang Hui , Xiao Gang , Zhou Zhi-you , Chen Yang , Yu Zhi-hong , He Shui-lian , Chen An-an , Wang Ding-ding , He Ying , Zhang Zhi-cheng , Hong An
Published: July 2011

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway is a recognized target of cancer therapy. We have developed a strong inhibitor (S252W mutant soluble ectodomain of FGF recptor-2 IIIc, msFGFR2) that binds FGFs and blocks the activation of FGFRs. Thermodynamic binding studies indicated that msFGFR2 bound FGF-2 16.9 times as strongly as wild-type soluble FGFR2IIIc ectodomain (wsFGFR2). It successfully suppressed the growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of two tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo, and it potently inhibited cancer cell proliferation but not normal cell proliferation. Therefore, msFGFR2 is a useful probe for FGF-dependent signaling pathways and a potential broad-spectrum antitumor agent. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(9); 1656–66. ©2011 AACR.
Update and New Developments in the Management of the Exsanguinating Patient
Authors: Riha Gordon M. , Schreiber Martin A.
Published: July 2011

Definitive management of the exsanguinating patient continues to challenge providers in multiple specialties. Significant hemorrhage may be encountered in a variety of patient care circumstances. Over the past two decades, the vast majority of data and evidence regarding transfusion in the exsanguinating patient has been based upon the trauma literature, and a large amount of recent research has investigated this subject area. In addition to the care of trauma patients, the data which have emerged can also be extrapolated to the treatment of nontrauma patients undergoing transfusion for major hemorrhage. The concept of massive transfusion is an evolving paradigm, and numerous investigations have challenged old principles while creating new controversies. The current review will examine the latest developments in the management of patients with profound hemorrhage. The challenges of dealing with the “lethal triad” will be discussed, as will the various aspects of damage control and hemostatic resuscitation. The latest literature and controversy regarding massive transfusions and massive transfusion protocols will be elucidated with inclusion of data from recent military experiences. Finally, adjuncts including the most recent advances in hemorrhage control, identification of early predictors for massive transfusion, and utilization of pharmacologic and complementary factor agent therapy will be discussed.
Emotional reactions to music in a nationally representative sample of Swedish adults
Authors: Juslin Patrik N. , Liljeström Simon , Laukka Petri , Västfjäll Daniel , Lundqvist Lars-Olov
Published: July 2011

Empirical studies have indicated that listeners value music primarily for its ability to arouse emotions. Yet little is known about which emotions listeners normally experience when listening to music, or about the causes of these emotions. The goal of this study was therefore to explore the prevalence of emotional reactions to music in everyday life and how this is influenced by various factors in the listener, the music, and the situation. A self-administered mail questionnaire was sent to a random and nationally representative sample of 1,500 Swedish citizens between the ages of 18 and 65, and 762 participants (51%) responded to the questionnaire. Thirty-two items explored both musical emotions in general (semantic estimates) and the most recent emotion episode featuring music for each participant (episodic estimates). The results revealed several variables (e.g., personality, age, gender, listener activity) that were correlated with particular emotions. A multiple discriminant analysis indicated that three of the most common emotion categories in a set of musical episodes (i.e., happiness, sadness, nostalgia) could be predicted with a mean accuracy of 70% correct based on data obtained from the questionnaire. The results may inform theorizing about musical emotions and guide the selection of causal variables for manipulation in future experiments.
The Impact of Lipoic Acid on Endothelial Function and Proteinuria in Quinapril-Treated Diabetic Patients With Stage I Hypertension
Authors: Rahman Syed T. , Merchant Nadya , Haque Tahir , Wahi Jessica , Bhaheetharan Sujan , Ferdinand Keith C. , Khan Bobby V.
Published: July 2011

Background: We sought to determine whether a combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and the nutraceutical α-lipoic acid (ALA) regulates blood pressure, endothelial function, and proteinuria in diabetic patients with Stage I hypertension. Methods: A total of 40 diabetic patients with Stage I hypertension were treated in a crossover double-blinded manner. Patients were administered quinapril ([QUI] 40 mg/d) for 8 weeks or QUI + ALA (600 mg/d) for 8 weeks. Measurements included blood pressure, 24-hour collection of urinary albumin, and endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: There was a change of metabolic parameters in both study groups after 8 weeks of therapy. In comparison to baseline, the 24-hour urinary albumin significantly decreased by 30% in the QUI group ( P = .018, time comparison) and 53% in QUI + ALA group ( P < .005, time and group comparison). Also, when compared with baseline, FMD significantly increased by 58% in QUI group ( P < .005, time comparison) and by 116% in QUI + ALA group ( P < .005, time and group comparison). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced significantly by 10% with QUI treatment. There was no further blood pressure reduction when patients were administered both QUI and ALA. Conclusions: In diabetic patients with hypertension, QUI reduces blood pressure, proteinuria, and improves endothelial function. Moreover, this effect is strongly potentiated with a combination of QUI and ALA. These results may attenuate the progression of vascular pathophysiology seen in patients with a combination of diabetes and hypertension.
Incidence and clinicopathologic behavior of uterine cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Park Sung Taek , Song Min Jong , Park Jong Sup , Hur Soo Young , Lee Chung Won
Published: July 2011

Background

Renal allograft recipients are reported to have a higher incidence of malignancy than the general population. This single hospital-based study examined the incidence and clinicopathologic behavior of uterine cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients.

Methods

Among 453 women receiving renal transplantation from January 1990 to December 2008, 5 patients were diagnosed with cervical carcinoma. Medical records of these 5 patients were retrospectively reviewed, and clinicopathologic data were collected and analyzed.

Results

The incidence of cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients was 58.1 out of 100,000 per year, which is 3.5 times higher than in the general Korean population. The mean interval between the time of renal transplantation and the time of cervical carcinoma diagnosis was 80.7 months. After a median follow-up of 96.2 months, there was no recurrence of the disease or death. In 4 patients who were positive from human papillomavirus in situ hybridization (HPV ISH), high or probably high risk HPV DNA was detected in all. Punctate staining of HPV ISH was detected in 3 out of 4 patients.

Conclusions

Higher incidence of cervical carcinoma is expected in renal transplant recipients, so appropriate surveillance is needed to ensure early detection and treatment of cervical carcinoma.
The Gothic Sublime in Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse
Authors: Darvay Daniel
Published: July 2011

This article argues that Virginia Woolf's theory and practice of the novel extends key elements of the gothic sublime shared by nineteenth-century sensation fiction and by contemporaneous psychiatric methods of diagnosis. In novels such as Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White and Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret, sensation heroes find access to hidden mental reality through the psychologically revealing power of painted portraits. By doing so, they enact a distinctly gothic version of the sublime, offering a glimpse into the dark psyche by means of a subject's awed inability to conceive its magnitude. Similarly, by relying on the fantastic power of vision he found in paintings and photographs, Jean-Martin Charcot developed into medical knowledge the gothic sublime, which also aided the detective protagonists of sensation novels. Working to extend this tradition, Woolf in To the Lighthouse uses the logic of the gothic sublime as a model for exploring human character. The gothic sublime illuminates in Woolf's theory of consciousness a striking functional resemblance between the mimetic realism of photography and the abstract representations of formalist art. By virtue of the insufficiency of simple perception, both aesthetic modes offer, for Woolf, a window into the very depths of human psychology.
TDM-Guided Therapy with Daptomycin and Meropenem in a Morbidly Obese, Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Pea Federico , Cojutti Piergiorgio , Sbrojavacca Rodolfo , Cadeo Barbara , Cristini Francesco , Bulfoni Alessandro , Furlanut Mario
Published: July 2011

Objective:

To describe a case of severe cellulitis, successfully treated with high-dose daptomycin plus continuous infusion meropenem, in a patient with morbid obesity and renal failure, in whom drug exposure over time was optimized by means of realtime therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Case Summary:

A 63-year-old man with morbid obesity (body mass index 81.6 kg/m2) and renal failure was admitted to the emergency department because of severe cellulitis. The patient had an admission Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score of 9, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with daptomycin and meropenem was started. Because of rapidly changing renal function, dosage adjustments were guided by an intensive program of TDM (daptomycin ranging from 1200 mg every 48 hours over 30 minutes to 1200 mg every 36 hours over 30 minutes; meropenem ranging from 0.25 g every 8 hours over 6 hours to 500 mg every 4 hours by continuous infusion). Clinical response was observed within 72 hours. However, a sudden increase of serum creatine kinase (SCK) raised questions about the need for discontinuation of daptomycin. The drug concentrations were not toxic; therefore, we decided to continue therapy. Significant clinical improvement, with SCK normalization, was observed within a few days. Antimicrobial therapy was switched on day 29 to amoxicillin/clavulanate plus levofloxacin, and then discontinued at discharge on day 53.

Discussion:

High-dose daptomycin plus continuous infusion meropenem may ensure adequate empiric antimicrobial coverage in patients with possible early necrotizing fasciitis. However, in patients with morbid obesity and changing renal function, significant challenges may arise because of the hydrophilic nature of these drugs and the inaccuracy of standard methods of estimating renal function.

Conclusions:

Real-time TDM may represent an invaluable approach in optimizing drug exposure with high-dose daptomycin plus continuous infusion meropenem in patients with severe cellulitis, morbid obesity, and changing renal function.
Gender Policy in Australian Schools
Authors: Hartman Deborah
Published: July 2011

This paper describes the rise of boys’ education as a substantial social and educational issue in Australia in the 1990s, mapping the changes in Australian discourses on boys’ education in this period. Ideas and authors informed by the men’s movement entered the discourses about boys’ education, contributing to a wave of teacher experimentation and new ways of thinking about gender policies in
schools. The author suggests that there is currently a policy impasse, and proposes a new multi-disciplinary approach bringing together academic, practitioner, policy, and public discourses on boys’ education.
La conscience du temps. Éléments de mise en perspective de la scène contemporaine
Authors: Triau Christophe
Published: July 2011

Certains discours récents, nostalgico-polémiques, sur le théâtre convoquent une logique mythifiante et essentialiste empêchant toute approche problématique et critique de la mise en scène contemporaine. Face à cela, et même face à une certaine doxa actuelle, il importe de la remettre dans une perspective historique, et de réaffirmer les enjeux de l’activité de mise en scène comme art et comme conscience.
Le comédien à l’ère numérique
Authors: Triffaux Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2011

À l’ère numérique, quels rapports l’art dramatique entretient-il avec les évolutions technologiques, esthétiques et sociétales? Quel impact les changements observés ont-ils sur le comédien? sur le processus de création? Si on peut penser que la concurrence de l’acteur et du performeur ainsi que la dématérialisation et l’hybridation du théâtre mettent en péril l’art du comédien, en revanche l’intensification du drame, l’expression des émotions primordiales ou l’autonomisation de la pratique théâtrale sont autant de facteurs susceptibles de renouveler l’art vivant de l’acteur. Sont évoquées des propositions pour faciliter ce renouveau: pro-dramatisme, nouvelles écritures, réalisations scéniques alternatives, contacts directs avec tous les publics…
Sur le paradoxe de la preuve en rhétorique
Authors: Danblon Emmanuelle
Published: July 2011

La rhétorique est, dès ses origines, hantée par un paradoxe qui se présente comme un défi pour la rationalité. Cet article propose de mener l’enquête sur une question qui retrouve aujourd’hui toute son actualité, dans le contexte de la crise, désormais bien connue, de la rationalité. Le paradoxe s’énonce en ces termes : « Comment se fait-il qu’il n’y ait apparemment pas de lien logique entre le caractère persuasif d’un argument et sa validité ? »
Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Spain display a high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Olea Jose Luis , Tuñón José
Published: July 2011

Purpose

Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors may have a significant role in the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). This study aims to assess the impact of these factors in this population and define their level of cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham model.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study that included patients aged 50 years or older who attended ophthalmic centers for the diagnosis or follow-up of NV-AMD. Information collected included demographic and AMD data, a complete history of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, lipid profile, blood pressure, and treatment history.

Results

The study population consisted of 901 patients, predominantly Caucasian, with a mean age of 75.7 years, receiving anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for their NV-AMD in 77.7% of the cases. Blood pressure measurement during the study visit and lipid analyses revealed poor control in 67.7% and 93.3% of the patients, respectively. Hypertension was the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor (77.7%), followed by a history of cardiac disease or other forms of atherosclerotic disease (53.8%). Diabetes was present in 28% of the subjects. The study population was considered a high-risk population according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel Clinical Guidelines (NCEP ATP III), with a probability of a cardiovascular event in 10 years of 19.3% according to the Framingham model.

Conclusions

This NV-AMD population is associated with a significant cardiovascular risk, and the Framingham model can help us identify those subjects with higher risk levels in order to improve their overall management.
The Mound on the Mount: A Possible Solution to the Problem with Jerusalem
Authors: Finkelstein Israel , Koch Ido , Lipschits Oded
Published: July 2011

Following Knauf's suggestion (2000), the article raises the possibility that in most periods in the second and first millennia BCE the main built-up area of Jerusalem was limited to a mound on the Temple Mount. This mound, which may have covered an area of five hectares and more, was boxed-in under the Herodian platform. At these periods activity in the City of David ridge was restricted to the area near the Gihon spring. In the Iron IIB and late Hellenistic Periods the fortified settlement expanded simultaneously to both the City of David ridge and the southwestern hill. In these two periods there was no need to fortify the western side of the City of David, as this line ran in the middle of the city.
To Fix Burnout, New Initiatives Go Beyond Worker Resilience and Put Onus on Health Systems
Authors: Bock Anna
Published: May 2024

This Medical News article discusses the great resignation in health care and new efforts to create a sustainable medical workforce in the US.
Cholesterol 25‐Hydroxylase Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating ADP Ribosylation Factor 4
Authors: Zhang Lu , Fang Zhengying , Zhu Qingqing , Yang Shumin , Fu Jia , Sun Zeguo , Lu Geming , Wei Chengguo , Zhang Zhi , Lee Kyung , Zhong Yifei , Liu Ruijie , He John Cijiang
Published: May 2024

Cholesterol 25‐hydroxylase (CH25H), an enzyme involved in cholesterol metabolism, regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, its role in kidney disease is not known.  The author found that CH25H transcript is expressed mostly in glomerular and peritubular endothelial cells and that its expression increased in human and mouse diabetic kidneys.  Global deletion of Ch25h in Leprdb/db mice aggravated diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis. Treatment of 25‐hydroxycholesterol (25‐HC), the product of CH25H, alleviated kidney injury in Leprdb/db mice. Mechanistically, 25‐HC binds to GTP‐binding protein ADP‐ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4), an essential protein required for maintaining protein transport in the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly, ARF4's GTPase‐activating protein ASAP1 is also predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and its expression increased in DKD. Suppression of ARF4 activity by deleting ARF4 or overexpressing ASAP1 results in endothelial cell death. These results indicate that 25‐HC binds ARF4 to inhibit its interaction with ASAP1, and thereby resulting in enhanced ARF4 activity to confer renoprotection. Therefore, treatment of 25‐HC improves kidney injury in DKD in part by restoring ARF4 activity to maintain endothelial cell survival. This study provides a novel mechanism and a potential new therapy for DKD.
The Effect of Bismuth on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Mans Nico , van der Westhuizen Derik , Krieg Henning Manfred
Published: May 2024

This study examines the need for bismuth as a catalyst for the Cr2+/Cr3+ redox couple in an iron–chrome redox flow battery (ICRFB) using 1) open‐circuit voltage (OCV) periods to understand the impact of bismuth and the mechanism of hydrogen production with and without electrolyte flow, and 2) charge/discharge cycles to evaluate how bismuth influences ICRFB performance. The OCV study finds that the capacity decay in the ICRFB cycling is not solely due to the hydrogen evolution reaction, suggesting an alternative oxidation reaction is involved, likely catalyzed by metallic carbides like bismuth carbide. Both the OCV and the ICRFB confirm that the presence of bismuth negatively influences the battery performance due to increased H2 production. Further research is ongoing to validate the decay mechanism and confirm these results on a larger scale.
How do both firm‐level resources and country‐level competitiveness shape the relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and radical innovation? A comparison between the food and other manufacturing industries
Authors: Ancín María , Zouaghi Ferdaous , Sánchez Mercedes
Published: May 2024

This study examines how European food companies can operationally leverage the value created by strategic alliances into commercially viable products. More importantly, it emphasizes that the effects of alliance portfolio diversity (APD) on radical innovation performance can be achieved not only directly, but also via moderating roles, that is, the firm's social capital and the level of competitiveness of the country. Using three waves of the European Community Innovation Survey, our results show that the optimal level of APD varied depending on the industry in which the company operates (food manufacturing industry vs. the rest of manufacturing industries). Furthermore, social capital seems to be a crucial factor to mitigate the difficulties of leveraging very diverse knowledge from partners, especially in the food manufacturing industry. Moreover, the external environmental context where the firm is operating, measured as the growth competitive index that reflects the competitive level of the country, was shown to have an influence on the firms' innovative efforts.[EconLit Citations: M10, 013, 036].
Impact of perioperative prognostic nutritional index changes on the survival of patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer
Authors: Tatsuta Kyota , Sakata Mayu , Kojima Tadahiro , Akai Toshiya , Shimizu Mikihiro , Morita Yoshifumi , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: May 2024

Aim

To assess the impact of perioperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) changes on prognosis and recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods

A total of 475 patients who underwent curative resection for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and were diagnosed with pathological stage (pStage) II/III were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: the high group (preoperative PNI ≤ postoperative PNI, n = 290) and the low group (preoperative PNI > postoperative PNI, n = 185).

Results

The low group exhibited significantly higher recurrence and mortality rates (all p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed worse overall and recurrence‐free survival in the low group (all p < 0.001). Perioperative PNI changes predicted prognosis and recurrence independent of preoperative nutritional conditions. Subgroup analyses showed better overall survival and recurrence‐free survival in the high group across various parameters, such as patient background, surgical outcomes, adjuvant chemotherapy, and pathological characteristics. Multivariate analysis revealed that the low group based on perioperative PNI changes (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.809, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.451–9.779, p < 0.001), pathological T stage (HR: 1.962, 95% CI: 1.184–3.253, p = 0.009), and pathological N stage (HR: 3.434, 95% CI: 1.964–6.004, p < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of worse overall survival.

Conclusions

Patients with pStage II/III colorectal cancer who demonstrate a lower postoperative PNI levels compared to preoperative had poorer overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. Perioperative PNI changes can serve as useful biomarkers for predicting survival and recurrence.
Roles of Ferric Peroxide Anion Intermediates (Fe3+O2−, Compound 0) in Cytochrome P450 19A1 Steroid Aromatization and a Cytochrome P450 2B4 Secosteroid Oxidation Model
Authors: Tateishi Yasuhiro , McCarty Kevin D. , Martin Martha V. , Yoshimoto Francis K. , Guengerich F. Peter
Published: May 2024

Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) 19A1 is the steroid aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the 3‐step conversion of androgens (androstenedione or testosterone) to estrogens. The final step is C−C bond scission (removing the 19‐oxo group as formic acid) that proceeds via a historically controversial reaction mechanism. The two competing mechanistic possibilities involve a ferric peroxide anion (Fe3+O2−, Compound 0) and a perferryl oxy species (FeO3+, Compound I). One approach to discern the role of each species in the reaction is with the use of oxygen‐18 labeling, i.e., from 18O2 and H218O of the reaction product formic acid. We applied this approach, using several technical improvements, to study the deformylation of 19‐oxo‐androstenedione by human P450 19A1 and of a model secosteroid, 3‐oxodecaline‐4‐ene‐10‐carboxaldehyde (ODEC), by rabbit P450 2B4. Both aldehyde substrates were sensitive to non‐enzymatic acid‐catalyzed deformylation, yielding 19‐norsteroids, and conditions were established to avoid issues with artifactual generation of formic acid. The Compound 0 reaction pathway predominated (i.e., Fe3+O2−) in both P450 19A1 oxidation of 19‐oxo‐androstenedione and P450 2B4 oxidation of ODEC. The P450 19A1 results contrast with our prior conclusions (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 15016–16025), attributed to several technical modifications.
Waste‐derived low‐grade glycerol purification and recovery from biorefineries: an experimental investigation
Authors: Attarbachi Taha , Kingsley Martin , Spallina Vincenzo
Published: May 2024

A combination of different physio‐chemical treatment steps was applied to purify industrially derived crude glycerol at laboratory scale. The full process included acid–base treatments, phase separation, and adsorption, and the glycerol purity and recovery were optimized by varying the pH during saponification and acidification, the solvent‐to‐glycerol ratio, and type of base used in the process to enhance both. The testing campaign resulted in a final purity of up to 87% wt starting from a very low‐quality ‘end‐of‐life’ waste glycerol sampled from different refineries. The net glycerol recovery at laboratory scale reached 42% of the initial glycerol in the feedstock and the maximum ash removal exceeded 90% given the low quality of the feedstock and high content of impurities and the attempt to achieve high glycerol recovery. The experiment showed that mild operations such as saponification with KOH (pH of 8), acidification with H3PO4 (pH of 6), an ideal 2‐propanol to glycerol volume ratio equal to 3 and potassium hydroxide as a base for the neutralisation step were the optimum conditions despite the differences between samples. The sequence of the processes proposed was therefore considered a viable option to treat any kind of crude glycerol to make it profitable for fuel and chemical applications.
Prevalence and biopsychosocial indicators of fatigue in cancer patients
Authors: Zeilinger Elisabeth L. , Zrnic‐Novakovic Irina , Oppenauer Claudia , Fellinger Matthäus , Knefel Matthias , Unseld Matthias , Wagner Theresa , Lubowitzki Simone , Bartsch Rupert , Zöchbauer‐Müller Sabine , Raderer Markus , Staber Philipp B. , Valent Peter , Gaiger Alexander
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Symptoms of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) can have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and treatment adherence. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CRF and multiple psychosocial and somatic indicators within a large mixed cancer sample.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, N = 1787 outpatients with cancer were assessed for CRF, pain, anxiety, and depression using validated screening instruments. We further obtained clinical parameters (Hb, CRP, creatinine, leukocytes, ASAT, and ALAT), sociodemographic data (age, gender, income, education level, marital status, parenthood, and living area), and lifestyle factors. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to estimate the impact of each indicator on CRF.

Results

Overall, 90.6% of patients experienced some CRF, with 14.8% experiencing severe CRF. No gender difference was found in the prevalence of CRF. Patients with higher levels of pain, depressive symptoms, and lower Hb levels had significantly higher levels of CRF (ps <0.001). Lower levels of CRF were observed in patients who had children (p = 0.03), had less education (p < 0.001), and were physically active for more than 2 h per week before their oncological diagnosis (p = 0.014). The latter was only a significant indicator in the male subsample.

Conclusion

The present results demonstrate a high prevalence of CRF and highlight that not only somatic and psychosocial factors, but also lifestyle factors prior to diagnosis appear to be associated with the etiology and persistence of CRF. To effectively treat CRF, a biopsychosocial, personalized approach is recommended.
Community sport, Australian sport policy, and advocacy: The views of community sport club officials
Authors: Mountifield Charles
Published: May 2024

In Australia, the policy priorities and processes of government and national governing bodies of sport impact how community sport organizations operate. This study explored the views of community sport club (CSC) officials (n = 53) in the Illawarra region in New South Wales, where there is a disparity in impact compared with their better‐resourced urban counterparts concerning sustainability, policy, and advocacy matters. Participants were surveyed for their views about the typically top‐down policy processes, inter‐organizational relationships, and advocacy for community sport. CSC officials participated in an online survey to assess opinions on resource issues and policy processes. The findings demonstrated that community sport is challenging to sustain and that CSC officials have little influence on policy. The outcome points to an appetite for advocacy from CSC officials in policy creation. Further, the Advocacy Coalition Framework is proffered as a platform for evaluating the viability of advocacy within community sport.
PL‐ReliefTMplus Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis and Regulates Inflammatory Responses via Inhibiting NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Shen Zhiyuan , Zhu Wei , Lin Lin , Fan Yangyi , Cheng Xiaoyu , Yu Min , Yu Sanjian , Zhao Bing
Published: May 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has various detrimental effects on individuals with limited drug cure rates which necessitate the development of new treatment methods. PL‐ReliefTMplus (PLR) is composed of SupraOlive, Crocus Sativus extracts and Citrus reticulata extracts. The effect of PLR on AD remains to be explored. Methods: 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene‐induced AD model mice were involved and the histopathology of the skin lesions was observed along with the levels of inflammatory chemokines levels were measured. To further validate the molecular mechanism of PLR, RNA‐seq was performed in HaCaT cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate NF‐κB signaling pathways response in AD. Results: Due to PLR treatment, the thickening of the epidermis and dermis was inhibited and the number of eosinophils, mast cells, and CD4+ T cells in the skin lesion was decreased. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased in dorsal skin tissues and LPS‐stimulated HaCat cells. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis suggested that most identified downstream biological functions were associated with inflammatory response. PLR inhibited NF‐κB signaling in AD mice and HaCaT cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that PLR is a potent therapeutic agent for attenuating symptoms of AD.
Oncostatin M suppresses bone morphogenetic protein‐4‐induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells: p70 S6 kinase attenuation
Authors: Hioki Tomoyuki , Tachi Junko , Matsushima‐Nishiwaki Rie , Iida Hiroki , Kozawa Osamu , Tokuda Haruhiko
Published: May 2024

Evidence is accumulating that osteal macrophages, in addition to bone‐resorbing osteoclasts and bone‐forming osteoblasts, participate vitally in bone remodeling process. Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine belonging to interleukin‐6 superfamily, is recognized as an essential factor secreted by osteal macrophages to orchestrate bone remodeling. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) produced by osteoblasts regulates osteoclastogenesis. We have reported that bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) stimulates OPG synthesis in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells, and that SMAD1/5/8(9), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p70 S6 kinase are involved in the OPG synthesis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of OSM on the synthesis of OPG stimulated by BMP‐4 in osteoblasts. OSM suppressed the release and the mRNA expression of OPG upregulated by BMP‐4 in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Neither the BMP‐4‐induced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9 nor that of p38 MAPK was affected by OSM. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase stimulated by BMP‐4 was considerably suppressed by OSM. These results strongly suggest that OSM suppresses the BMP‐4‐stimulated OPG synthesis via inhibition of the p70 S6 kinase‐mediated pathway in osteoblast‐like cells.
Sunflower Pollen‐Derived Microspheres Selectively Absorb DNA for microRNA Detection
Authors: Yang Yao , Mou Ziye , Liu Qian , Wang Bin , Luo Chenjing , Xu Yuhang , Huang Qiuhong , He Binfeng , Chang Kai , Wang Guansong , You Zaichun , Qian Hang
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report the finding that a naturally sunflower pollen‐derived microspheres (HSECs) with hierarchical structures can selectively absorb polyC and polyA with high efficiency and affinity. HSECs exhibit the capability to selectively absorb polyC and polyA ssDNA under neutral and acidic conditions. It has been observed that the presence of metal cations, specifically Ca2+, enhances the absorption efficiency of HSECs. Mechanically, this absorption phenomenon can be attributed to both electrostatic interactions and cation‐π interactions. Such an appealing property enables the functionalization of HSECs for broad potential biomedical applications, such as microRNA detection.
Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles for Inner Ear Targeted Trans Differentiation Gene Therapy
Authors: Foster Thomas , Lim Patrick , Jones Melissa , Wagle Susbin Raj , Kovacevic Bozica , Ionescu Corina Mihaela , Wong Elaine Y. M , Mooranian Armin , Al‐Salami Hani
Published: May 2024

Hearing loss is a significant disability that often goes under recognised, largely due to poor identification, prevention, and treatment. Steps are being made to amend these pitfalls in the investigation of hearing loss, however, the development of a cure to reverse advanced forms remains distant. This review details some current advances in the treatment of hearing loss, with a particular focus on genetic‐based nanotechnology and how it may provide a useful avenue for further research. This review presents a broad background on the pathophysiology of hearing loss and some current interventions. We also highlight some potential genes that may be useful in the amelioration of hearing loss. Pathways of cellular differentiation from stem or supporting cell to functional hair cell are covered in detail, as this mechanism represents a key means of regenerating these cell types. Overall, we believe that polymer‐based nanotechnology coupled with novel excipients represents a useful area of further research in the treatment of hearing loss, although further studies in this area are required.
Theoretical Investigations of Hydrolysis Mechanisms of N(SiMe3)3
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Jian , Peng Xiaomeng , Zhang Wenhua
Published: May 2024

Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine (N(SiMe3)3) is one of the most important intermediate products in the indirect synthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N2), which could be hydrolyzed to NH3 under mild conditions. Herein, the hydrolysis mechanism of N(SiMe3)3 has been systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with explicit combined implicit water models. Under neutral conditions, the active barrier of the hydrolysis of N(SiMe3)3 is 17.6 kcal mol−1 in water solvent. The attacking of proton to N center and OH group to the Si atom from water is decoupled for the stabilization of OH group by solvent water molecules, which lower the hydrolysis energy barriers. Furthermore, under acid conditions, N(SiMe3)3 is easily coordinated with proton to form [NH(SiMe3)3]+, and the energy barrier of the hydrolysis reaction could be reduced to 11.5 kcal mol−1 of the first stage, making it being promoted according to the chemical equilibrium. Thus, the results provide an explanation for the possible mechanism of the quantitative conversion of N(SiMe3)3 to NH3 under mild conditions. The decoupled hydrolysis mechanism may play important role in other hydrolysis processes.
Photochemical Vs Thermal Acid Catalysed Cyclization of Cannabigerol (CBG): An Unexpected Selectivity
Authors: Bini Arianna , Mella Mariella , Merli Daniele , Protti Stefano
Published: May 2024

The reactivity of Cannabigerol (CBG, 1) in organic solvents under photochemical and acid catalyzed conditions has been investigated in detail. The obtained results pointed out the presence of different reaction paths in the photochemical and the acid‐catalyzed conditions, with a remarkable selectivity toward the formation of a 2,2‐disubstituted‐chromane derivative in the first case.
Demystifying early childhood computational thinking: An umbrella review to upgrade the field
Authors: Yang Weipeng , Su Jiahong , Li Hui
Published: May 2024

By transforming abstract problems into tangible solutions, computational thinking (CT) emerges as a foundational competency. This umbrella review synthesizes the current landscape of CT in early childhood, pivotal for fostering 21st‐century skills across multiple domains. A systematic search across Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and Web of Science yielded 13 review studies for analysis, addressing the integration of CT in early childhood education. Employing a narrative synthesis approach, the review illuminated key findings and highlighted future research trajectories. Findings indicate the centrality of creating sequences and events in imparting CT in early childhood, recommending more sophisticated concepts like loops and conditionals for older children. Instructional designs unearthed include scaffolding with narratives, tangible objects, and physical embodiments, balancing structured tasks and open‐ended engagement. Three categories of computational kits were discerned: physical, virtual, and hybrid kits. The Bee‐Bot and various LEGO kits were prevalent among CT learning tools, with interfaces ranging from physical buttons to hybrid systems. Efficacy was noted in tangible activities like unplugged applications and robotics in enhancing concrete understanding and competencies in coding, CT, and spatial skills. Concluding remarks discuss research gaps, future prospects, and provide actionable insights for educators and policy makers, calling for the co‐creation of an ecosystem of CT integration across early childhood curricula.
Ethanol embolotherapy of mandibular arteriovenous malformation‐induced acute oral hemorrhage after tooth extraction
Authors: Shen Yuchen , Wang Deming , Su Lixin , Fan Xindong , Yang Xitao
Published: May 2024

Background

Mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare. Our work aims to introduce the ethanol embolization of a patient suffering from acute oral hemorrhage induced by mandibular AVM.

Methods

A 35‐year‐old woman without coagulopathy underwent tooth extraction, and the acute oral bleeding occurred intraoperatively. Imaging examinations indicated the enhancement of vascular mass with bone destruction inside the mandible. Angiography finally confirmed the high blood flow nature and the diagnosis of AVM.

Results

During the interventional procedure, the coils were first applied into the dilated outflowing vein to slow down the blood flow rate of mandibular AVM. Absolute ethanol was injected in a multi‐bolus modality to destroy the nidus of AVM. Her mandibular lesion had been stable in the 12‐month re‐examined angiography, no further bleeding occurred during the period.

Conclusions

Ethanol embolotherapy was a less invasive, more precise, and quick‐action approach managing AVM of the jaw and related emergency medicine.
Coordinating support groups for wellbeing
Authors: Williams Bronwen , Martin Amy
Published: May 2024

The increasing interest in supporting human psychological wellbeing in the workplace should be applauded. Within the animal health industry, especially in veterinary and welfare sectors, the need to support staff has perhaps never been more salient. One support method that can be appealing for organisations is to offer interventions that are group based. Groups can be viewed as cost effective by delivering help to a number of people at one time; however, they are often wrongly perceived as a quick and cheap option. Moreover, groups are commonly believed to be pleasant places which, by their very nature, will be social, kind and healing – but this can be a misplaced belief. Groups may provide few or none of the intended outcomes, or even cause more harm than good. Just as a medication can have unwanted and sometimes harmful side effects, so too can psychological and social interventions. Leaning on our experience of running formal groups in a number of different ways, in this article we aim to share thinking about what is needed to run groups to support staff wellbeing. We also cover factors to consider before embarking on this type of intervention to ensure that groups help staff rather than harm them.