bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fetal Radiation Dose in Common Diagnostic Radiology Procedures for Pregnant Patients: Findings from In-Phantom Measurements
Authors: Tomić Anja , Brkić Hrvoje , Turk Tajana , Kasabašić Mladen , Bjelobrk Ivana , Kralik Ivana , De Monte Francesca , Zancopè Nicola , Lombardi Riccardo , Majer Marija , Knežević Željka , Horvat Mercedes , Škarica Matko , Marić Zrinka , Faj Dario , Kopačin Vjekoslav
Published: January 2025

The diagnosis of emergent conditions during pregnancy can be delayed due to insufficient knowledge of fetal radiation doses in different imaging modalities. The aim of this article is to investigate the ranges of fetal doses in most common diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures. Procedures were carried out on an anthropomorphic phantom, Tena, representing a pregnant woman in the 18th week of pregnancy with the fetus in breech position. Different clinical scenarios using computer tomography (CT), radiography, fluoroscopy and digital subtraction angiography were selected in three teaching hospitals. Measurements were performed using radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters placed in dedicated holes in the fetal head and fetal body. Measured fetal doses were below 1 mGy when the fetus was not in the primary beam. The highest fetal doses, up to 47 mGy, were measured after a CT scan for polytrauma and up to 24 mGy after a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Significant variability in fetal doses for the same procedure was found between different hospitals but within the same hospital also. All obtained results are below the threshold for deterministic effects given by the International Commission for Radiation Protection but can be reached with two or more imaging procedures employed. The variability in fetal doses for the same procedures highlights the need for the improved optimization of imaging protocols.
Upper a-Graphical Topological Spaces with the COVID-19 Form and Its Diffusion
Authors: Damag Faten H. , Saif Amin , Kiliçman Adem , Mesmouli Mouataz Billah , Alhubairah Fozaiyah
Published: January 2025

In this work, we use the monophonic eccentric open neighborhood system and the upper approximation neighborhood system to construct a new class of topologies in the theory of undirected simple graphs. We study some fundamental topological properties of this class and characterize the graphs that induce the indiscrete or discrete topology. Next, we present the openness, the connectedness and the continuity properties with isomorphic maps of graphs. Some applications concerning the topological discrete and connectedness properties for some corresponding graphs of the COVID-19 form and its diffusion are introduced.
Usage of Virtual Reality Technology in Physiotherapy in Germany: Results from a Survey
Authors: Elser Alexander , Ohse Maybritt , Frankenstein Camilla , Leeuw Madlin , Schiebler Sophie , Schmieder Sandra , Slatman Syl , Schäfer Axel Georg Meender
Published: January 2025

With an aging population and an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, Germany’s healthcare system is facing significant challenges that require innovative solutions such as digitalization. Among digital technologies, virtual reality (VR) has shown promise in various healthcare settings; however, its use in physiotherapy practice is unknown. This study aimed to assess the frequency and use of therapeutic VR among physiotherapists in Germany and to identify barriers to its adoption. A cross-sectional survey of 296 physiotherapists was conducted, with responses indicating that only 2.7% had used therapeutic VR in the past year. Most physiotherapists were unfamiliar with VR therapy, suggesting that lack of awareness is the primary barrier. Despite limited current use, a significant proportion of physiotherapists were open to integrating VR technologies in the future. Our findings highlight the need for increased information about therapeutic VR within the physiotherapy community and suggest potential growth as awareness and institutional support increases. Future strategies should focus on promoting the benefits of VR and integrating it into reimbursement frameworks to facilitate wider adoption in patient care.
Human-Aware Control for Physically Interacting Robots
Authors: Sharif Razavian Reza
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel model for predicting human movements and introduces a new control method for human–robot interaction based on this model. The developed predictive model of human movement is a holistic model that is based on well-supported neuroscientific and biomechanical theories of human motor control; it includes multiple levels of the human sensorimotor system hierarchy, including high-level decision-making based on internal models, muscle synergies, and physiological muscle mechanics. Therefore, this holistic model can predict arm kinematics and neuromuscular activities in a computationally efficient way. The computational efficiency of the model also makes it suitable for repetitive predictive simulations within a robot’s control algorithm to predict the user’s behavior in human–robot interactions. Therefore, based on this model and the nonlinear model predictive control framework, a human-aware control algorithm is implemented, which internally runs simulations to predict the user’s interactive movement patterns in the future. Consequently, it can optimize the robot’s motor torques to minimize an index, such as the user’s neuromuscular effort. Simulation results of the holistic model and its utilization in the human-aware control of a two-link robot arm are presented. The holistic model is shown to replicate salient features of human movements. The human-aware controller’s ability to predict and minimize the user’s neuromuscular effort in a collaborative task is also demonstrated in simulations.
Asiaticoside-Loaded Multifunctional Bioscaffolds for Enhanced Hyperglycemic Wound Healing
Authors: Razif Raniya , Fadilah Nur Izzah Md , Ahmad Haslina , Looi Qi Hao Daniel , Maarof Manira , Fauzi Mh Busra
Published: January 2025

The review explores the potential of asiaticoside-loaded bioscaffolds to improve the management of hyperglycemic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Asiaticoside, sourced from Centella asiatica, possesses properties that address DFUs’ healing challenges: insufficient angiogenesis, persistent inflammation, and delayed tissue regeneration. By incorporating asiaticoside into bioscaffold 3D designs including hydrogels, microneedle arrays, and nanofibrous meshes, therapeutic efficacy is optimized. This review examines the mechanisms of asiaticoside in wound healing (collagen production, angiogenesis modulation, inflammation reduction, and cell migration and proliferation) based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Asiaticoside also demonstrates synergistic abilities with other biomaterials, creating the possibility of more effective therapies. While preclinical research is promising, clinical trials are crucial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of asiaticoside-loaded bioscaffolds in patients with DFUs. Asiaticoside-loaded bioscaffolds are a significant development in wound healing and may aid in treating hyperglycemic wound complications. Their ability to offer individualized treatment plans has the potential to enhance the quality of life of those who suffer from diabetes. This review is based on a thorough literature search (2019–2024) across multiple databases, excluding secondary literature and non-English articles.
A 3D Face Recognition Algorithm Directly Applied to Point Clouds
Authors: You Xingyi , Zhao Xiaohu
Published: January 2025

Face recognition technology, despite its widespread use in various applications, still faces challenges related to occlusions, pose variations, and expression changes. Three-dimensional face recognition with depth information, particularly using point cloud-based networks, has shown effectiveness in overcoming these challenges. However, due to the limited extent of extensive 3D facial data and the non-rigid nature of facial structures, extracting distinct facial representations directly from point clouds remains challenging. To address this, our research proposes two key approaches. Firstly, we introduce a learning framework guided by a small amount of real face data based on morphable models with Gaussian processes. This system uses a novel method for generating large-scale virtual face scans, addressing the scarcity of 3D data. Secondly, we present a dual-branch network that directly extracts non-rigid facial features from point clouds, using kernel point convolution (KPConv) as its foundation. A local neighborhood adaptive feature learning module is introduced and employs context sampling technology, hierarchically downsampling feature-sensitive points critical for deep transfer and aggregation of discriminative facial features, to enhance the extraction of discriminative facial features. Notably, our training strategy combines large-scale face scanning data with 967 real face data from the FRGC v2.0 subset, demonstrating the effectiveness of guiding with a small amount of real face data. Experiments on the FRGC v2.0 dataset and the Bosphorus dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of our method.
Sustainable and Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Transducer: Gold Nanoparticle-Bacterial Cellulose Composite for Pesticide Monitoring in Agrifood Systems
Authors: Lospinoso Daniela , Colombelli Adriano , Pal Sudipto , Cretì Pasquale , Martucci Maria Concetta , Giancane Gabriele , Licciulli Antonio , Rella Roberto , Manera Maria Grazia
Published: January 2025

Functionalized plasmonic nanostructure platforms are widely used for developing optical biosensors and SERS assays. In this work, we present a low-cost and scalable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) system based on an innovative optical transducer comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in nano-fibrillated bacterial cellulose (BC). The AuNPs@BC composite leverages the unique nanofibrillar architecture of bacterial cellulose, which provides a high surface area, flexibility, and uniform nanoparticle distribution, enabling the formation of numerous electromagnetic “hot spots”. This structure excites localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), as demonstrated by a bulk sensitivity of 72 nm/RIU, and supports enhanced Raman signal amplification. The eco-friendly and disposable AuNPs@BC platform was tested for agrifood applications, focusing on the detection of thiram pesticide. The system achieved a detection limit of 0.24 ppm (1 µM), meeting the sensitivity requirements for regulatory compliance in food safety. A strong linear correlation (R2 ≈ 0.99) was observed between the SERS peak intensity at 1370 cm−1 and thiram concentrations, underscoring its potential for quantitative analysis. The combination of high sensitivity, reproducibility, and environmental sustainability makes the AuNPs@BC platform a promising solution for developing cost-effective, flexible, and portable sensors for pesticide monitoring and other biosensing applications.
Model for Impacts of Urban Water Blue Visual Index and Flow Velocity on Human Brain State and Its Practical Application
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Zhu Xuezhou , Li Qingbin
Published: January 2025

This study develops a predictive model to assess the impacts of urban water blue visual index (BVI) and flow velocity on human brain states using EEG and HRV data in virtual reality simulations. By integrating Gaussian process regression (GPR) and artificial neural networks (ANN), the model accurately captures the relationships between BVI, flow velocities, and brain states, reflecting experimental observations with high precision. Applied across 31 provinces in China, the model effectively predicted regional brain state levels, aligning closely with the birthplace distribution of high-level talents, such as academicians and Changjiang scholars. These results highlight the model’s practical application in optimizing urban water features to enhance mental health, cognitive performance, and societal development.
Composition and Properties of Lightweight Concrete of Variotropic Structure Based on Combined Aggregate and Microsilica
Authors: Shcherban’ Evgenii M. , Stel’makh Sergey A. , Mailyan Levon R. , Beskopylny Alexey N. , Mailyan Alexander L. , Shcherban’ Natalya , Chernil’nik Andrei , Elshaeva Diana
Published: January 2025

The use of artificial porous aggregates for the production of lightweight cement concrete is widespread and used everywhere. In most cases, lightweight artificial aggregates are used to produce concrete of the standard structure using vibration technology. However, there is currently no knowledge base on the use of these aggregates for the production of concrete using centrifugation technology. The purpose of this work is to develop and obtain a new composition of variotropic concrete with a combined coarse aggregate and microsilica. A total of 17 concrete elements of the annular cross-section were manufactured using centrifugation technology. The optimal ratio of 60% crushed stone (CrS) and 40% expanded clay gravel (EC) was determined. It was found that replacing CrS with EC improves such properties as density and thermal conductivity, and negatively affects the strength of the composite. Modification of lightweight centrifuged concrete on a combined aggregate with microsilica (MS) in dosages from 2% to 10% had a positive effect on its mechanical properties. The most effective MS dosage was 6%. The compressive strength of lightweight concrete increased by 14.75%, from 36.6 MPa to 42.0 MPa, which is comparable to the compressive strength of centrifuged concrete on a heavy aggregate of 43.4 MPa. The density value was 2148 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity coefficient was 1.270 W/m×°C. As a result, a new centrifuged concrete of variotropic structure with reduced material consumption, density, thermal conductivity coefficient, and the required mechanical properties was developed.
Periprostatic Adipose Tissue as a Contributor to Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Drewa Julia , Lazar-Juszczak Katarzyna , Adamowicz Jan , Juszczak Kajetan
Published: January 2025

Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) contributes to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the literature on the role of PPAT in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical implication of PPAT in patients with prostate cancer. We performed a scoping literature review of PubMed from January 2002 to November 2024. Search terms included “periprostatic adipose tissue”, “adipokines”, and “prostate cancer”. Secondary search involved reference lists of eligible articles. The key criterion was to identify studies that included PPAT, adipokines, and their role in prostate cancer biology and clinical features. In total 225 publications were selected for inclusion in this review. The studies contained in publications allowed us to summarize the data on the pathogenesis of PPAT as a contributor to prostate cancer biology and its aggressiveness. The review also presents new research directions for PPAT as a new target for the treatment of prostate cancer. Based on the current review, it can be stated that PPAT plays an important role in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, PPAT seems to be a promising target point when it comes to finding new therapies in patients with more aggressive and/or advanced stages of prostate cancer.
MAGED2 Enhances Expression and Function of NCC at the Cell Surface via cAMP Signaling Under Hypoxia
Authors: Radi Aline , Nasrah Sadiq , Auer Michelle , Renigunta Aparna , Weber Stefanie , Seaayfan Elie , Kömhoff Martin
Published: January 2025

Mutations in MAGED2 cause transient antenatal Bartter syndrome (tBS) characterized by excessive amounts of amniotic fluid due to impaired renal salt transport via NKCC2 and NCC, high perinatal mortality, and pre-term birth. Surprisingly, renal salt handling completely normalizes after birth. Previously, we demonstrated that, under hypoxic conditions, MAGED2 depletion enhances endocytosis of GalphaS (Gαs), reducing adenylate cyclase (AC) activation and cAMP production. This impaired cAMP signaling likely contributes to the dysfunction of salt transporters NKCC2 and NCC, explaining salt wasting and the subsequent recovery with renal oxygenation after birth. In this study, we show that MAGED2 depletion significantly decreases both total cellular and plasma membrane NCC expression and activity. We further demonstrate that MAGED2 depletion disrupts NCC trafficking by reducing exocytosis, increasing endocytosis, and promoting lysosomal degradation via enhanced ubiquitination. Additionally, forskolin (FSK), which increases cAMP production by activating AC, rescues NCC expression and localization in MAGED2-depleted cells. Conversely, MAGED2 overexpression increases NCC expression and membrane localization, although this effect is diminished in Gαs-depleted cells, indicating that Gαs acts downstream of MAGED2. In summary, our findings reveal the essential role of MAGED2 in regulating NCC function and trafficking under hypoxic conditions, providing new insights into the mechanisms behind salt loss in tBS and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
Challenges and Solutions for Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Khatter Ajay
Published: January 2025

The hospitality sector’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) is dynamic and constantly evolving. This article examines CSR implementation in the hospitality industry and investigates the growing prevalence of CSR initiatives. This research examines the implementation and challenges of CSR in the hospitality sector through a qualitative literature review methodology. The study highlights trends such as community engagement, ethical labour practices, and sustainable resource utilisation while identifying barriers like financial constraints and stakeholder resistance. Moreover, it examines the determinants that influence these patterns, including consumer inclinations, governmental policies, and industry recognition of the social and ecological repercussions. This research enhances the field of theory by consolidating and expanding upon current knowledge regarding CSR, building on Archie Carroll’s Pyramid theory’s focus on economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities and R. Edward Freeman’s Stakeholder Theory’s emphasis on business ethics and corporate governance. Modifications are made to these frameworks to adhere to the precise requirements of the hospitality industry. This research presents an alternative perspective on the intricate relationship between environmental sustainability, social accountability, and financial prosperity within the hospitality sector. This study questions the idea that CSR is either a mandatory obligation or an optional behaviour. Key findings reveal that integrating CSR into business strategies enhances operational efficiency, stakeholder trust, and financial performance. By building on established theoretical frameworks, this research provides actionable insights. It contributes to the global discourse on sustainability, offering a nuanced perspective on the hospitality industry’s evolving role in advancing environmental, social, and financial prosperity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Quinoxaline-Fused Cyclopenta[cd]azulene
Authors: Oda Tomohiro , Onishi Yuina , Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto
Published: January 2025

Azulene-based polycyclic hydrocarbons have garnered much attention as potential materials for organic optoelectronic devices and as molecular models for graphene nanosheets with structural defects. Although various methods for ring fusions to an azulene core have been established for ring fusions to an azulene core, efficient synthetic methodologies for ortho- and peri-fusion to an azulene core are still lacking, which hinders the investigation of the effect of the ortho- and peri-fusion on the electronic properties of the embedded azulene core. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of quinoxaline-fused cyclopenta[cd]azulene 4 as a new ortho- and peri-fused azulene derivative. The target molecule 4 was successfully synthesized in four steps from 4-methylazulene. The ring annulation decreased the lowest excitation energy compared with that of azulene and its structural isomer 5 and led to multiple reversible reduction processes. Characterization of the molecular geometry and optoelectronic properties of 4 revealed that the embedded azulene core preserves its original aromaticity, while the fused quinoxaline acts as a nucleophilic and basic site. These features suggest that 4 could serve as a metal ligand, a near-infrared absorber, and a component in organic functional devices.
Inter-Examiner and Inter-Instrument Agreement of the Myopia Master with the IOL Master 700 and NVisionK 5001 in Myopic Children
Authors: McConnell Emma L. , Woods Cameron , Doyle Lesley , Fulton Jane M. , Saunders Kathryn J. , McCullough Sara J.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The measurement of axial length (AL) is important to monitor the success of interventions to slow childhood myopia, but traditional biometers are expensive for clinicians to acquire. To address this, Oculus has developed the Myopia Master (MM), which measures auto-refraction (AR), corneal curvature (CC) and AL. This study compared inter-instrument and inter-examiner measures on the MM, IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and NVisionK-5001 (Shin-Nippon, Tokyo, Japan) in myopic children. Methods: Fifty-six myopic children participated (mean age 11.93 ± 1.93 years). A first examiner obtained the following under cycloplegia: (i) AR using the NVisionK, (ii) AL and CC using the IOL Master 700 and (iii) AR, AL and CC using the MM. The latter measures were repeated by a second examiner to assess inter-examiner agreement of the MM. Mean differences (MD) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was calculated using AR values. Acceptable LoA for AL, SER and CC were defined as ±0.05 mm, ±0.40 D and ±0.06 mm, respectively. Results: Inter-instrument LoA between the MM and IOL Master 700 for AL and CC were acceptable (MD 0.02 mm; 95%LoA −0.02 to 0.06 mm and MD 0.025 mm, 95% LoA −0.03 to 0.08 mm, respectively). SER measures between the NVisionK-5001 and MM were not acceptable (MD −0.44 D, 95% LoA −0.91 to 0.03 D). SER values were, on average, 0.44 D more negative when using the MM. Inter-examiner measures on the MM were all acceptable (AL MD 0.00 mm; 95% LoA −0.04 to 0.04 mm; SER MD −0.01 D; 95% LoA −0.33 to 0.32 D; CC MD 0.01 mm; 95% LoA −0.03 to 0.05 mm). Conclusions: The MM demonstrated excellent inter-examiner repeatability. Inter-instrument agreement between the MM and IOL Master 700 for the AL and CC measures showed excellent agreement. The MM over-estimated myopia SER compared with the NVisionK-5001.
Donor Variability Alters the Characteristics of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ya Jingyuan , Bayraktutan Ulvi
Published: January 2025

Primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are widely used in a large number of in vitro studies each year to better mimic their physiological characteristics in vivo. However, potential changes in primary endothelial cells stemming from donor variability or culture conditions may affect the reliability and reproducibility of the experiments. While working on a project regarding BMEC senescence, we noticed behavioral differences between two different batches of cells. Comparative analyses of cellular characteristics revealed that while one batch of BMECs developed a typical cobblestone morphology, the other batch displayed a spindle-shape morphology. Despite showing similar tubulogenic and barrier-forming capacities, the spindle-shaped BMECs displayed greater proliferation rates, stronger staining for CD34, a marker of stemness and higher resistance to oxidative stress-induced senescence and replicative senescence. Conversely, the spindle-shaped cells demonstrated a much weaker staining for the endothelial marker CD31. Taken together, these findings indicate that it is important to scrutinize endothelial characteristics to ensure experimental accuracy when cellular responses markedly vary between the so-called endothelial cells.
Comparative Chloroplast Genomes and Phylogenetic Relationships of True Mangrove Species Brownlowia tersa and Brownlowia argentata (Malvaceae)
Authors: Ruang-areerate Panthita , Sangsrakru Duangjai , Yoocha Thippawan , Kongkachana Wasitthee , U-Thoomporn Sonicha , Prathip Na Thalang Onnitcha , Chumriang Pranom , Wanthongchai Poonsri , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke , Pootakham Wirulda
Published: January 2025

Brownlowia tersa and Brownlowia argentata are two true mangroves in the genus Brownlowia in Malvaceae, and they are a near-threatened and a data-deficient species, respectively. However, the genomic resources of Brownlowia have not been reported for studying their phylogeny and evolution. Here, we report the chloroplast genomes of B. tersa and B. argentata based on stLFR data that were 159,478 and 159,510 base pairs in length, respectively. Both chloroplast genomes contain 110 unique genes and one infA pseudogene. Sixty-eight RNA-editing sites were detected in 26 genes in B. argentata. A comparative analysis with related species showed similar genome sizes, genome structures, and gene contents as well as high sequence divergence in non-coding regions. Abundant SSRs and dispersed repeats were identified. Five hotspots, psbI-trnS, trnR-atpA, petD-rpoA, rpl16-rps3, and trnN-ndhF, were detected among four species in Brownlowioideae. One hotspot, rps14-psaB, was observed in the two Brownlowia species. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis supported that the Brownlowia species has a close relationship with Pentace triptera. Moreover, rpoC2 was a candidate gene for adaptive evolution in the Brownlowia species compared to P. triptera. Thus, these chloroplast genomes present valuable genomic resources for further evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of mangroves and plant species in Malvaceae.
GC-MS Profiling of Ethanol-Extracted Polyherbal Compounds from Medicinal Plant (Citrullus colocynthis, Curcuma longa, and Myristica fragrans): In Silico and Analytical Insights into Diabetic Neuropathy Therapy via Targeting the Aldose Reductase
Authors: Kausar Mohd Adnan , Anwar Sadaf , Elagib Halima Mustafa , Parveen Kehkashan , Hussain Malik Asif , Najm Mohammad Zeeshan , Nair Abhinav , Kar Subhabrata
Published: January 2025

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the severe complications of diabetes, which affects the quality of life in a patient and increases the risk of amputations and chronic wounds. Current therapeutic approaches are symptomatically oriented, focusing on comfort and non-inflammatory aspects without addressing the mechanism or molecular target of the disease. The present study investigates the therapeutic effects of an ethanolic polyherbal extract from Citrullus colocynthis (Bitter Apple), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), and Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) using advanced in silico and analytical methods. According to the findings, PHE showed the presence of a total of 39 bioactive compounds in GC–MS analysis, which include alcohols, fatty acids, terpenoids, esters, neolignans, phenylpropanoids, and steroids. Three of the compounds—-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (−11.4 kcal/mol), (1S,2R)-2-(4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol (−9.8 kcal/mol) and (S)-5-Allyl-2-((1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)-1,3-dimethoxybenzene (−10.3 kcal/mol)—followed the Lipinski rule and showed the binding affinity with aldol reductase. Docking experiments showed that compound 4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (−11.4 kcal/mol) has high-affinity binding to aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in diabetic neuropathy pathophysiology, whereas molecular dynamics simulations show long-range persistence of the interaction of (S)-5-Allyl-2-((1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl)oxy)-1,3-dimethoxybenzene with aldol reductase in physiological conditions. Therefore, this combination of herbal therapy and advanced computational/analytical techniques could be leading towards innovative, multi-targeted therapies against diabetic neuropathy. Nevertheless, further studies in vivo are required to confirm the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the PHE in biological systems.
Exploring the Health Literacy and Patient Activation Among Patients with Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tsichla Lοukia , Patelarou Evridiki , Detorakis Efstathios , Tsilibaris Miltiadis , Patelarou Athina , Christodoulakis Antonios , Dokoutsidou Eleni , Giakoumidakis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

Background: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness that can be mitigated through early recognition and effective management. Specifically, early and effective self-management outside hospitals can slow disease progression and reduce its negative daily impact. This includes adherence to medication, high levels of health literacy (requires patients to be able to find, understand, and use relevant health information), early recognition of symptoms, regular visits to ophthalmologists, etc. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding levels of adherence to medication and health literacy in glaucoma patients in Greece. This study aimed to assess health literacy and self-management activation levels in glaucoma patients and explore the relationship between these factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 312 glaucoma patients were recruited from outpatient ophthalmology clinics in Heraklion, Greece, between November 2023 and May 2024 through convenience sampling. The Greek versions of the Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13) and the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire 16 (HLS-EU-16) evaluated self-management activation and health literacy, respectively. Results: Patients exhibited low self-management activation (level 1: disengaged and overwhelmed, =40.7, SD: ±29.9) and sufficient health literacy (=10.7, SD: ±3.7). No significant association was found between health literacy and self-management activation (p = 0.602). Conclusions: Glaucoma patients had low to moderate levels of self-management activation and health literacy, without a significant association between them. Therefore, multifaceted strategies are needed to enhance these patients’ activation and health literacy. Further research, using larger, multi-center samples, is needed to clarify the link between these variables.
Guidance of Osteoblast Migration Using Femtosecond Laser-Induced Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Heitz Johannes , Glachs Simon , Wagner Lukas , Wolf Christoph , Plamadeala Cristina , Muck Martina , Seibert Karoline , Maier Christian , Marek Romy , Weth Agnes , Baumgartner Werner
Published: January 2025

The adhesion and alignment of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) surfaces can be adjusted over a wide range by femtosecond laser treatment and anodization. The great differences in cell behavior between different experimental conditions raised further questions about the role of cell migration, which will be addressed in this study. For that, Ti-6Al-4V surfaces were laser-structured to obtain a surface covered with ripples, i.e., laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), or micro-cones superimposed with ripples. Then, cells were seeded either directly onto the non-structured or laser-structured areas on the titanium alloy samples or beside such samples where they can reach the surface by cell migration. After two weeks in culture, the cell coverage of the samples was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that cells directly seeded onto the non-structured or laser-structured areas covered the surface nearly completely and eventually aligned along the ripple direction for the laser-structured areas. In contrast, for cell-seeding beside the samples, the laser-structured areas remain nearly cell-free while the non-structured areas were covered with cells in a similar non-oriented manner as for direct cell-seeding. These results on reduced osteoblast migration due to laser structuring are in line with the findings in animal experiments. There, the new bone formation of laser-processed samples was 26.1% ± 16.9% lower in comparison to untreated samples of the same type, which can be explained by hindered cell migration on the laser-processed areas of the screws.
Exploring the Potential of High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering for Nitride Coatings: Advances in Properties and Applications
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Ju Hongbo , Figueiredo Nuno Miguel , Ferreira Fábio
Published: January 2025

High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) has emerged as an excellent technology for producing high-quality nitride coatings, such as aluminum nitride (AlN), titanium nitride (TiN), chromium nitride (CrN), and silicon nitride (SiN), and composite nitride coatings such as titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), TiAlNiCN, etc. These coatings are known for their exceptional hardness, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. These make them ideal for high-performance applications. HiPIMS distinguishes itself by generating highly ionized plasmas that facilitate intense ion bombardment, leading to nitride films with superior mechanical strength, durability, and enhanced thermal properties compared to traditional deposition techniques. Critical HiPIMS parameters, including pulse duration, substrate bias, and ion energy, are analyzed for their influence on enhancing coating density, adhesion, and hardness. The review contrasts HiPIMS with other deposition methods, highlighting its unique ability to create dense, uniform coatings with improved microstructures. While HiPIMS offers substantial benefits, it also poses challenges in scalability and process control. This review addresses these challenges and discusses hybrid, bipolar, and synchronized HiPIMS solutions designed to optimize nitride coating processes. Hybrid HiPIMS, for instance, combines HiPIMS with other sputtering techniques like DCMS or RF sputtering to achieve balanced deposition rates and high-quality film properties. Bipolar HiPIMS enhances process stability and film uniformity by alternating the polarity, which helps mitigate charge accumulation issues. Synchronized HiPIMS controls precise pulse timing to maximize ion energy impact and improve substrate interaction, further enhancing the structural properties of the coatings. Hence, to pave the way for future research and development in this area, insights of the HiPIMS have been presented that underline the role of HiPIMS in meeting the demanding requirements of advanced industrial applications. Overall, this review article comprehensively analyzes the recent strategies and technological innovations in HiPIMS and highlights the significant potential of HiPIMS for advancing the nitride coating field.
Long-Term Efficacy of Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Copolymer Lifting Threads with Encapsulated MICROscale Hyaluronic Acid Particles Using NAMICA Technology: Investigating Biorevitalizing Effects in Skin Remodeling (Part 1)
Authors: Burko Pavel , Sulamanidze George , Nikishin Dmitriy
Published: January 2025

Facial thread lifting with absorbable threads such as poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA/CL)) has been explored in an animal model. This experimental study utilized P(LA/CL)-HA-micro threads enhanced with hyaluronic acid microencapsulation via NAMICA technology in five four-month-old female pigs. The effects were compared to those of P(LA/CL)-HA threads over a six-month period through histological analysis. The results indicated improvements in skin remodeling, with P(LA/CL)-HA-micro threads enabling controlled and prolonged release of hyaluronic acid, leading to sustained improvements in tissue structure. These findings suggest that microencapsulated threads could enhance therapeutic outcomes; however, these results are preliminary and derived from an animal model. Further research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm these benefits in human subjects.
Effect of Fungal Metabolism on Zn Minerals Formation: The Case of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Sazanova Katerina V. , Zelenskaya Marina S. , Korneev Anatoliy V. , Bakhvalova Elena V. , Vlasov Dmitry Yu. , Frank-Kamenetskaya Olga V.
Published: January 2025

Soil fungi are significantly resistant to heavy metals, which allows them to be used in biotechnologies for environmental bioremediation. In order to clarify the prospects for using the fungi in Zn-detoxifying technologies, we investigated in vitro the effect of fungal metabolism on Zn minerals formation. The cultivation of fungi with different acid-producing activities (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum) was carried out in a liquid Czapek–Dox nutrient medium with Zn concentrations from 250 to 2000 µmol within 28 days. The quantitates of low-molecular-weight organic acids, phosphates, and hydrophosphates ions in the medium were determined through chromatography–mass spectrometry; analysis of biomineralization products was carried out through powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that Zn in concentrations 250–500 μmol acts as a physiologically essential element, activating the growth of fungal mycelium, while at high concentrations (1000–2000 μmol), Zn acts as a toxic heavy metal, inhibiting fungal growth. Zn also activates the formation of oxalic acid by both species of fungi. But A. niger strongly acidified the medium, while P. chrysogenum leaves the medium pH close to neutral or slightly alkaline. Oxalate and phosphate crystallization occur with the participation of both fungal species. The ratio of biogenic oxalates and phosphates is directly dependent on the acid-reducing capacity of fungi. The solid solutions of katsarosite–glushinskite of the isodimorphic series with the general formula (Zn,Mg)C2O4·2H2O (Mg ions comes from Czapek–Dox medium) were detected at all Zn concentrations in a wide range of pH (from 2 to 9.0). The transition from monoclinic (α-modifications) to orthorhombic (β-modifications) occurs at the ratio Mg/Zn > 1. Fungal zinc phosphate hopeite Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O was formed at a near-neutral pH at high Zn concentrations (1000 and 2000 µmol/L). In the Zn example, it was shown that not only oxalate but also phosphate fungal biomineralization can be used for the environment detoxification of heavy metals. The application of phosphate biomineralization seems promising in the case of severe pollutions. To create a near-neutral medium favorable for the formation of phosphates, it is advisable to use soil fungi non-producing or weakly producing organic acids (for example, P. chrysogenum).
Bone Age Assessment Using Various Medical Imaging Techniques Enhanced by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yuan Wenhao , Fan Pei , Zhang Le , Pan Wenbiao , Zhang Liwei
Published: January 2025

Bone age (BA) reflects skeletal maturity and is crucial in clinical and forensic contexts, particularly for growth assessment, adult height prediction, and managing conditions like short stature and precocious puberty, often using X-ray, MRI, CT, or ultrasound imaging. Traditional BA assessment methods, including the Greulich-Pyle and Tanner–Whitehouse techniques, compare morphological changes to reference atlases. Despite their effectiveness, factors like genetics and environment complicate evaluations, emphasizing the need for new methods that account for comprehensive variations in skeletal maturity. The limitations of classical BA assessment methods increase the demand for automated solutions. The first automated tool, HANDX, was introduced in 1989. Researchers now focus on developing reliable artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools, utilizing machine learning and deep learning techniques to improve accuracy and efficiency in BA evaluations, addressing traditional methods’ shortcomings. Recent reviews on BA assessment methods rarely compare AI-based approaches across imaging technologies. This article explores advancements in BA estimation, focusing on machine learning methods and their clinical implications while providing a historical context and highlighting each approach’s benefits and limitations.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Malayalam Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale
Authors: Ravi Sunil Kumar , Shabnam Srushti , Thupakula Saraswathi , Narne Vijaya Kumar , Yerraguntla Krishna , Almudhi Abdulaziz , Madathodiyil Irfana , Sajan Feby , Jacob Kochette Ria
Published: January 2025

Background: Voice disorders significantly impact individuals’ physical, functional, and emotional well-being, necessitating comprehensive assessment tools. The Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS) assesses the frequency and severity of vocal discomfort symptoms. Despite its global adaptations, no validated Malayalam version has existed. This study aimed to adapt and validate the VTDS for Malayalam speakers (VTDS-M). Method: The study was conducted in two phases: Phase I involved translation and cultural adaptation of VTDS into Malayalam, followed by content validation by native-speaking speech language pathologists; Phase II involved validation of VTDS-M on 150 professional voice users, categorized into normophonic (n = 105) and dysphonic (n = 45) groups based on otolaryngological and perceptual voice evaluations. Participants completed VTDS-M and VHI-M (Voice Handicap Index—Malayalam). Results: The results showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.827 for frequency, 0.813 for severity). Significant differences were observed between groups for VTDS-M subscales and total scores, confirming its discriminatory capability. ROC analysis established a cut-off score of 11.5, with an AROC of 0.749, 64.4% sensitivity, and 79.0% specificity. Also, VTDS-M correlated positively with VHI-M, especially the physical and emotional subscales. Conclusions: VTDS-M demonstrated reliable psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for assessing vocal discomfort in Malayalam-speaking populations specifically among the professional voice users. Future studies should explore its applicability to non-professional voice users with varied severity levels of dysphonia.
Vision Transformers for Low-Quality Histopathological Images: A Case Study on Squamous Cell Carcinoma Margin Classification
Authors: Park So-yun , Ayana Gelan , Wako Beshatu Debela , Jeong Kwangcheol Casey , Yoon Soon-Do , Choe Se-woon
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a prevalent form of skin cancer, presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings with a low-quality imaging infrastructure. The accurate classification of SCC margins is essential to guide effective surgical interventions and reduce recurrence rates. This study proposes a vision transformer (ViT)-based model to improve SCC margin classification by addressing the limitations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in analyzing low-quality histopathological images. Methods: This study introduced a transfer learning approach using a ViT architecture customized with additional flattening, batch normalization, and dense layers to enhance its capability for SCC margin classification. A performance evaluation was conducted using machine learning metrics averaged over five-fold cross-validation and comparisons were made with the leading CNN models. Ablation studies have explored the effects of architectural configuration on model performance. Results: The ViT-based model achieved superior SCC margin classification with 0.928 ± 0.027 accuracy and 0.927 ± 0.028 AUC, surpassing the highest performing CNN model, InceptionV3 (accuracy: 0.86 ± 0.049; AUC: 0.837 ± 0.029), demonstrating robustness of ViT over CNN for low-quality histopathological images. Ablation studies have reinforced the importance of tailored architectural configurations for enhancing diagnostic performance. Conclusions: This study underscores the transformative potential of ViTs in histopathological analysis, especially in resource-limited settings. By enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing dependence on high-quality imaging and specialized expertise, it presents a scalable solution for global cancer diagnostics. Future research should prioritize optimizing ViTs for such environments and broadening their clinical applications.
Energy-Efficient Joint User Association, Backhaul Bandwidth Allocation, and Power Allocation in Cell-Free mmWave UAV Networks
Authors: Si Zhiwei , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Kaisa , Liu Qian , Zhu Jianchi , She Xiaoming , Chen Peng
Published: January 2025

In this article, we propose a cell-free network architecture for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base station (BS), i.e., UBS, incorporating high-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) as central processing units (CPUs). The goal is to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of user equipment (UE), reduce energy consumption, extend communication time, and facilitate rescue operations. The millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band is deployed in access and backhaul links to satisfy UE QoS requirements and high backhaul demands. The proposed framework jointly optimizes user association, backhaul bandwidth allocation, and power allocation to maximize energy efficiency while meeting QoS requirements. The optimization problem, modeled as non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear fractional programming, is solved through a three-stage iterative algorithm. This includes (1) optimizing power allocation based on Dinkelbach transformation and a successive convex approximation (SCA) method, (2) clustering UBSs using the Lagrangian method, and (3) deriving a closed-form bandwidth allocation factor. The proposed algorithm significantly outperforms many traditional algorithms in performance while maintaining low computational complexity.
Evidence for Dark Energy Driven by Star Formation: Information Dark Energy?
Authors: Gough Michael Paul
Published: January 2025

Evidence is presented for dark energy resulting directly from star formation. A survey of stellar mass density measurements, SMD(a), as a function of universe scale size a, was found to be described by a simple CPL w0 − wa parameterisation that was in good agreement with the dark energy results of Planck 2018, Pantheon+ 2022, the Dark Energy Survey 2024, and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument 2024. The best-fit CPL values found were w0 = −0.90 and wa = −1.49 for SMD(a), and w0 = −0.94 and wa = −0.76 for SMD(a)0.5, corresponding with, respectively, good and very good agreement with all dark energy results. The preference for SMD(a)0.5 suggests that it is the temperature of astrophysical objects that determines the dark energy density. The equivalent energy of the information/entropy of gas and plasma heated by star and structure formations is proportional to temperature, and is then a possible candidate for such a dark energy source. Information dark energy is also capable of resolving many of the problems and tensions of ΛCDM, including the cosmological constant problem, the cosmological coincidence problem, and the H0 and σ8 tensions, and may account for some effects previously attributed to dark matter.
Entropy Production in a System of Janus Particles
Authors: Arango-Restrepo Andrés , Torrenegra-Rico Juan David , Rubi J. Miguel
Published: January 2025

Entropy production is a key descriptor of out-of-equilibrium behavior in active matter systems, providing insights into both single-particle dynamics and emergent collective phenomena. It helps determine transport coefficients and phoretic velocities and serves as a crucial tool for understanding collective phenomena such as structural transitions, regime shifts, clustering, and self-organization. This study investigates the role of entropy production for individual active (catalytic Janus) particles and in systems of active particles interacting with one another and their environment. We employ a multiscale framework to bridge microscopic particle dynamics and macroscopic behavior, offering a thermodynamic perspective on active matter. These findings enhance our understanding of the fundamental principles governing active particle systems and create new opportunities for addressing unresolved questions in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.