bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os Efeitos de choques fiscais e de produtividade sobre os ciclos econômicos de Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Michel Candido de , Cunha Ramon Goulart , Duarte Joicy Markele Esteves
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho busca identificar e comparar os ciclos econômicos de Minas Gerais e do Brasil, sob a perspectiva de choques fiscais e de produtividade. Os principais resultados indicam uma concordância de 91% entre os ciclos. Em relação à persistência, os choques tecnológicos, tanto em Minas Gerais quanto no Brasil, apresentaram comportamento transitório. Adicionalmente, ocorrem diferenças nos choques fiscais, especialmente os negativos. Por fim, o modelo vetorial indica que a produtividade total dos fatores (PTF) é o termo que melhor explica a variância dos ciclos econômicos nas duas espacialidades. Contudo, as variações fiscais tendem a explicar mais a variância dos ciclos em Minas Gerais.
Ciclos políticos e eleitorais na execução do programa Bolsa Família em nível municipal
Authors: Pereira Tiago Sousa , Lucas Vander Mendes , Resende Filho Moisés de Andrade
Published: March 2024

Investiga-se neste artigo a existência de ciclos políticos e eleitorais na execução do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) em nível municipal. O papel das prefeituras é fundamental no programa, uma vez que elas respondem pela inscrição das famílias no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal (CadÚnico) e pela garantia e fiscalização do atendimento ou não dos critérios do programa pelas famílias. Considerando que o prefeito pode usar o PBF para beneficiar a si ou ao seu candidato coligado em uma eleição, estima-se o efeito de variáveis políticas e eleitorais na provisão municipal de recursos do PBF, em modelos de dados em painel com efeitos fixos de município e de ano por região. Os resultados indicam que prefeitos se comportam estrategicamente, aumentando a oferta do programa nos períodos eleitorais entre 2,0% e 141,8%, a depender da região, e que as intensidades dos ciclos eleitorais nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste estão acima da estimativa para o Brasil, enquanto as das regiões Sudeste e Sul estão abaixo. Este resultado pode ser explicado pela maior assimetria de informações enquanto consequência do menor nível de transparência e da maior dependência de recursos públicos nos municípios das regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste. Por fim, verifica-se que os ciclos políticos, decorrentes do alinhamento partidário do prefeito com o governador e presidente, impactam muito menos o PBF que os ciclos eleitorais.
Transparansi dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Mengawal Dana Desa Menuju Masyarakat Desa Sejahtera
Authors: MARYONO Maryono , BAGANA Batara Daniel , SANTOSA Agus Budi
Published: March 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat ini mengambil judul bantuan pengelolaan dana desa di desa Jimbung kecamatan Kali Kotes kabupaten Klaten. Mengingat kita masih berada dalam masa pandemi Covid 19, maka pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan secara online melalui komunikasi telepon. Pada tahun 2021 di Indonesia masih diberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat sehingga pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksakan secara daring (tidak tatap muka) melalui sarana telpon atau panggilan video. Tim Pengabdian meminta salinan dokumen yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dana desa yang meliputi antara lain: 1) Dokumen rapat pengelolaan dana desa, 2) Dokumen anggaran belanja dana desa, 3) Dokumen kegiatan, 4) Dokumen pendukung bukti pengeluaran dana desa. Tujuan pendampingan dalam pengelolaan dana desa dimaksudkan agar dana desa benar-benar dapat dikelola secara efektif dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Jimbung Kecamatan Kali Kotes Kabupaten Klaten. Kesimpulan yang didapat dalam kegiatan ini adalah dana desa di desa Jimbung dikelola dengan baik dengan melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dan terbuka sehingga tujuan masyarakat desa sejahtera dapat tercapai.
Pelatihan “Digital Marketing” dan Penggunaan Instagram Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Toko Baju Skala Kecil di “Cimahi Mall” - Cimahi
Authors: SURYA Rendra Trisyanto , SUDRADJAT Sudradjat , HUTAPEA Riauli Susilawati
Published: March 2024

Pola dan struktur proses transaksi baju dan asesori seperti ini di kalangan generasi muda  milenial  menyebabkan sebagian besar toko di “Cimahi Mall” akhirnya terpengaruh secara signifikan. Mengalami kontraksi penurunan omset penjualan secara konvensional yang cukup besar. Disini kemudian para tenan perlu memanfaatkan HP nya sebagai sarana menerapkan digital marketing sebagai pelengkap cara berdagang tradisional yang dijalankannya selama ini. Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (UPPM) dari Kampus Politeknik Negeri Bandung (POLBAN) kemudian perlu mengadakan Pelatihan dan Pendampingan selama jangka waktu tertentu untuk meningkatkan Pemahaman para pelaku bisnis UMKM ini mengenai pentingnya menjalankan “Digital Marketing” di era sosial media saat ini didalam bisnisnya. Mengajari mereka juga Praktek berupa ketrampilan di dalam menggunakan Aplikasi Instagram (IG) untuk melakukan kegiatan  promosi dengan cara yang relative mudah namun efektif., yang sangat sesuai dengan kegiatan penjualan produk baju dan asesoris. Disisi lain, Aplikasi Instagram memiliki fitur yang sangat kuat dalam menyajikan  gambar (image) dan video untuk memasarkan produk baju dengan cara yang berbeda dan interaktif.   Hasil  dari Pelatihan yang diadakan adalah, terjadinya peningkatan  penjualan tenan (toko) UMKM  di “Cimahi Mall” yang cukup signifikan, yaitu sebesar kurang lebih  37%.
Pkm at the Indonesian Community Organization (Permai) Pulau Pinang in the Implementation of the Accounting Cycle
Authors: SETIYAWATI Hari , MAPPANYUKI Ratna , MELZATIA Shinta , RAHMAD Khozaeni Bin , KHASANAH Himatul , RABBANI Riswari Asri
Published: March 2024

The partner in this PKM is the Indonesian Community Organization (PERMAI) located at Jalan Kuantan 66, George Town, 10150 George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. PERMAI members consist of Indonesians who live in Malaysia, including entrepreneurs, workers, lecturers, teachers, students and university students who live in Malaysia. PERMAI also seeks to collaborate with parties who are willing to synergize knowledge in the fields of eCommerce, Fintech, Digital Technology and other special skills that are appropriate to establish socio-cultural cooperative relations between the people of Indonesia and Malaysia. Business actors certainly have business units, so they need accounting for the business units they run. Accounting, which starts from recording transactions to financial reports, is a basic science that business people must know. Problem: a). Business people still need accounting knowledge; b) They have not implemented accounting in their business units. Solution: a) Provide knowledge transfer to PERMAI business actors about what accounting is and what its cycles are; b) Providing training on the accounting cycle starting from recording transactions to preparing financial reports for PERMAI business actors. Target: a) Provide knowledge transfer to PERMAI business actors about accounting and its cycles, b) Provide accounting cycle training to PERMAI business actors, starting from recording transactions to preparing financial reports. Evaluation and monitoring will be carried out to ensure the success of the program so that the continuity of the implementation of accounting for business actors at PERMAI will continue and be beneficial, especially for PERMAI business actors in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Awareness of Unpredictability in Economic Policy, Fiscal Decentralisation, and Innovative Approaches for the Preservation of The Environment in South Africa
Authors: ALIAMUTU Kansilembo Freddy , MKHIZE Msizi
Published: March 2024

The paper aimed to examine the awareness of unpredictability in economic policy, fiscal decentralization, and innovative approaches to preserve the environment in South Africa using annual recurrence data from 1961 to 2021 in South Africa. Dynamic ordinary least squares, completely adjusted ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegration regression are used in this study. The Maki cointegration test shows how the factors maintain an equilibrium relationship throughout the period under consideration. Data from empirical results support the environmental Kuznets curve paradigm. These findings show that the environment must be compromised during the early phases of economic growth to achieve economic success (scale phase). Long-term exponential growing economies decrease pollutants by 0.162%, but a 1% increase in economic expansion raises pollutants by 0.791%, according to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Similarly, in South Africa, long-term economic globalization, as well as unpredictability in economic policy, reduce the sustainability of the environment. In contrast, long-term fiscal decentralization and sustainable development increase it. These findings have far-reaching environmental implications. The current analysis encouraged environmental penalties and funding for projects transitioning from an energy electrical utility basis to renewables.
CME Arrival Modeling with Machine Learning
Authors: Chierichini Simone , Liu 刘 Jiajia 佳佳 , Korsós Marianna B. , Del Moro Dario , Erdélyi Robertus
Published: March 2024

Space weather phenomena have long captured the attention of the scientific community, and along with recent technological developments, the awareness that such phenomena can interfere with human activities on Earth has grown considerably. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are among the main drivers of space weather. Therefore, developing tools to provide information on their arrival at Earth's nearby space has become increasingly important. Liu et al. developed a tool, called CME Arrival Time Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms (CAT-PUMA), to obtain fast and accurate predictions of CME transit time. This present work aims at the expansion of the CAT-PUMA concept, employing supervised learning to obtain vital information about the arrival of CMEs at Earth. In this study, we report the results of our work following the implementation of supervised regression and classification models in the CAT-PUMA framework. We conducted a comparison of various machine learning models in the context of predicting the transit time of CMEs and classifying CMEs as either Earth impacting or non-impacting. In this way, we are able to provide information on the possibility of a CME reaching Earth relying on CME features and solar wind parameters measured at take-off. This application thus provides quantitative indications about the geoeffectiveness of these space weather events. While machine-learning models can demonstrate fairly strong performance in regression and classification tasks, it is not always straightforward to extrapolate their practical potential and real-world applicability. To address this challenge, we employed model interpretation techniques, specifically Shap values, to gain quantitative insights into the limitations that affect these models.
CME Arrival Time Prediction via Fusion of Physical Parameters and Image Features
Authors: Zhong Yufeng , Zhao Dong , Huang Xin , Xu Long
Published: March 2024

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are among the most intense phenomena in the Sun–Earth system, often resulting in space environment effects and consequential geomagnetic disturbances. Consequently, quickly and accurately predicting CME arrival time is crucial to minimize the harm caused to the near-Earth space environment. To forecast the arrival time of CMEs, researchers have developed diverse methods over the years. While existing approaches have yielded positive results, they do not fully use the available data, as they solely accept either CME physical parameters or CME images as inputs. To solve this issue, we propose a method that extracts features from both CME physical parameters and CME images and uses the attention mechanism to fuse the two types of data. First, we design a parameter feature extraction module that extracts features from CME physical parameters. After that, we adopt an effective convolutional neural network model as our image feature extraction module for extracting features from CME images. Finally, utilizing the attention mechanism, we present a feature fusion module designed to fuse the features extracted from both parameters and images of CMEs. Therefore, our model can fully utilize and combine physical parameters and image features, which allows it to capture significant and comprehensive information about CMEs.
Revealing Callisto’s Carbon-rich Surface and CO2 Atmosphere with JWST
Authors: Cartwright Richard J. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Holler Bryan J. , Camarca Maria , Faggi Sara , Neveu Marc , Roth Lorenz , Raut Ujjwal , Glein Christopher R. , Castillo-Rogez Julie C. , Malaska Michael J. , Bockelée-Morvan Dominique , Nordheim Tom A. , Hand Kevin P. , Strazzulla Giovanni , Pendleton Yvonne J. , de Kleer Katherine , Beddingfield Chloe B. , de Pater Imke , Cruikshank Dale P. , Protopapa Silvia
Published: March 2024

We analyzed spectral cubes of Callisto’s leading and trailing hemispheres, collected with the NIRSpec Integrated Field Unit (G395H) on the James Webb Space Telescope. These spatially resolved data show strong 4.25 μm absorption bands resulting from solid-state 12CO2, with the strongest spectral features at low latitudes near the center of its trailing hemisphere, consistent with radiolytic production spurred by magnetospheric plasma interacting with native H2O mixed with carbonaceous compounds. We detected CO2 rovibrational emission lines between 4.2 and 4.3 μm over both hemispheres, confirming the global presence of CO2 gas in Callisto’s tenuous atmosphere. These results represent the first detection of CO2 gas over Callisto’s trailing side. The distribution of CO2 gas is offset from the subsolar region on either hemisphere, suggesting that sputtering, radiolysis, and geologic processes help sustain Callisto’s atmosphere. We detected a 4.38 μm absorption band that likely results from solid-state 13CO2. A prominent 4.57 μm absorption band that might result from CN-bearing organics is present and significantly stronger on Callisto’s leading hemisphere, unlike 12CO2, suggesting these two spectral features are spatially antiassociated. The distribution of the 4.57 μm band is more consistent with a native origin and/or accumulation of dust from Jupiter’s irregular satellites. Other, more subtle absorption features could result from CH-bearing organics, CO, carbonyl sulfide, and Na-bearing minerals. These results highlight the need for preparatory laboratory work and improved surface–atmosphere interaction models to better understand carbon chemistry on the icy Galilean moons before the arrival of NASA’s Europa Clipper and ESA’s JUICE spacecraft.
Techniques juridiques, véridiction et délinquance : le « lieu commun » du droit pénal à Santiago du Chili
Authors: Araya-Moreno Javiera
Published: March 2024

Les études sociojuridiques ont démontré l’impossibilité de différencier nettement le droit et la vie quotidienne. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée à Santiago du Chili, cet article interroge les continuités entre la vie quotidienne et le droit pénal à travers une analyse de l’utilisation des techniques juridiques de production de « la véridiction » – la production de documents, de rapports et de témoignages – et de leurs caractéristiques. L’enquête décrit l’utilisation de ce type de techniques tant dans le cadre du travail des organisations chargées d’appliquer le droit pénal que dans la vie quotidienne des justiciables. Le texte suggère que ces techniques, qui visent l’irréfutabilité tout en structurant des relations sociales, cadrent spécifiquement la manière dont la délinquance est définie, discutée, et traitée au Chili.
Les strates de la smart city
Authors: Laugaa Manon , Pinson Gilles , Smith Andy
Published: March 2024

Cet article vise à reprendre le fil de la conversation scientifique autour de la smart city à partir d’un cas d’étude, celui de la ville de Bristol au Royaume-Uni et de ses politiques du numérique. Il utilise ce cas comme une parabole, autrement dit une trajectoire considérée comme typique dont on peut trouver des éléments constitutifs dans la trajectoire d’autres grandes villes ayant investi la question du numérique. Les auteurs repèrent trois « strates » ( layers ) constitutives des politiques urbaines du numérique qui peuvent cohabiter au sein des agendas urbains, mais qui mettent en scène des objectifs et des réseaux d’acteurs qui entretiennent entre eux des relations faites de concurrence autant que de complémentarité. L’article met en avant le caractère fondamentalement expérimental et contesté des politiques urbaines du numérique.
Susciter des récits d’usage de dispositifs d’autosoins « intelligents » par la méthode du récit à achever
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie
Published: March 2024

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer qu’il est possible de penser les usages de technologies d’intelligence artificielle – dans notre cas des dispositifs portables ou capteurs sensoriels intelligents pour des personnes vivant avec la maladie de Parkinson – avec les utilisateurs et d’intégrer les savoirs produits au processus de conception même de ces technologies. Pour ce faire, nous prendrons appui sur un projet international dans le cadre duquel plusieurs dispositifs d’autosoin impliquant des algorithmes d’apprentissage sont en développement. À partir de récits obtenus via une méthode d’enquête nommée «  Story Completion Method  » (ou méthode du récit à achever), nous examinerons les multiples pratiques révélées via les récits créés par les participants. Nous verrons que ces dispositifs, tout en équipant le travail du patient sur et avec des re-présentations numériques d’un corps « dysfonctionnel » et imprévisible, impliquent un « travail réflexif équipé » pour rendre intelligibles et signifiantes les données générées par ces technologies. Ces différentes modalités du travail mises en récit par les patients nous permettront d’ouvrir une réflexion sur la manière de penser le design des dispositifs d’autosoin dits « intelligents ».
The Potential and Challenges of Genomics Informed Precision Care for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Xavier Rose Mary
Published: March 2024

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex brain disorders with heritability rooted in the interplay of multiple genetic factors, alongside significant environmental influences. Gaining insights into the genetic mechanisms that heighten SUD risk can guide precision care, specifically in the development of targeted tools for prevention, early intervention, and the discovery of therapeutic targets. Nurses are ideally placed to advance genomics-informed precision care for individuals with SUDs. To fulfill this role, they must be adequately prepared to assess the value and utility of current genomics knowledge, its limitations, and ways to incorporate this understanding into clinical practice, education, research, and health care policy. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62
(3), 11–14.]
Enhancing thermal performance: A numerical study of MHD double diffusive natural convection in a hybrid nanofluid-filled quadrantal enclosure
Authors: Alzahrani Saleh Mousa
Published: March 2024

Double diffusive natural convection (DDNC) is one of the most studied phenomena in convective energy transfer, having applications in heat exchangers, oceanography and climate Science, biological Systems, renewable energy, and geothermal energy systems. We aimed to conduct a numerical analysis of DDNC within a quadrantal enclosure that contained a Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid with water as a host fluid. The motivation for choosing this model was attributed to the relatively limited research conducted within this particular geometric configuration, specifically in the context of double-diffusive natural convection, which served as the primary mode of heat and mass transfer. Using numerical simulations, we focused on the impacts of an external magnetic field. The bottom wall of the quadrantal cavity was kept at high temperatures $ {(T}_{h}) $ and concentrations $ {(c}_{h}), $while the vertical wall maintained at low temperatures $ {(T}_{c}) $and concentrations $ {(c}_{c}) $. Moreover, the curved wall is kept thermally insulated. With an eminent numerical method, the finite element method is employed to solve the governing partial differential equations (PDEs), which are transformed into a dimensionless form. The outcomes were acquainted with streamlines, isoconcentration contours, and isotherms, along with local and average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The analysis revealed that enhancing the volume fraction of Cu-Al2O3 nanoparticles within the conventional fluid increased heat transfer efficiency by up to 11% compared to the base fluid. It was also noticed that without a magnetic field (Ha = 0), the stream functional measures at its highest value of $ {(\psi }_{max} = 6.2) $ indicated strong convection. However, with the presence of a magnetic field (Ha = 40), the stream function significantly decreased to $ {(\psi }_{max} = 0.2) $.
N-dimension for dynamic generalized inequalities of Hölder and Minkowski type on diamond alpha time scales
Authors: Aly Elkhateeb S. , Mahnashi Ali M. , Zaagan Abdullah A. , Ibedou I. , Saied A. I. , Mohammed Wael W.
Published: March 2024

Expanding on our research, this paper introduced novel generalizations of H ölder's and Minkowski's dynamic inequalities on diamond alpha time scales. Specifically, as particular instances of our findings, we replicated the discrete inequalities established when $ \mathbb{T = N} $. Furthermore, our investigation extended to the continuous case with $ \mathbb{ T = R} $, revealing additional inequalities that are both new and valuable for readers seeking a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Modelling mosquito population suppression based on competition system with strong and weak Allee effect
Authors: Liang Chen , Huo Hai-Feng , Xiang Hong
Published: March 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases are threatening half of the world's population. To prevent the spread of malaria, dengue fever, or other mosquito-borne diseases, a new disease control strategy is to reduce or eradicate the wild mosquito population by releasing sterile mosquitoes. To study the effects of sterile insect technique on mosquito populations, we developed a mathematical model of constant release of sterile Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with strong and weak Allee effect and considered interspecific competition with Anopheles mosquitoes. We calculated multiple release thresholds and investigated the dynamical behavior of this model. In order to get closer to reality, an impulsive differential equation model was also introduced to study mosquito suppression dynamics under the strategy of releasing $ c $ sterile male mosquitoes at each interval time $ T $. Finally, the relationship between the releasing amount or the waiting period and the number of days required to suppress mosquitoes was illustrated by numerical simulations.
Patterns of Health-related Quality of Life in Men Who Inject Drugs: A Survey in Southeast Iran
Authors: Nojomi Marzieh , Rezapour Maysam , Azar Neda Soleimanvandi , Darabi Mehdi , Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Understanding patterns of quality of life in people who inject drugs (PWID) can help healthcare providers plan and manage their health problems in a more focused manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify patterns of health-related quality of life in PWID in southeast Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast Iran on men who had injected drugs at least once during the last year. We used convenience sampling in 2 drop-in centers and venue-based sampling at 85 venues. Demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life were evaluated using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of quality of life.Results: This study enrolled 398 PWID, who had a mean age of 34.1±11.4 years. About 47.9% reported a prison history in the last 10 years, 59.2% had injected drugs in the last month, and 31.6% had a history of sharing syringes. About 46.3% reported having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, and 14.7% had a history of sex with men. Out of the 5 EQ-5D-5L profiles, the fifth profile had the most people (36.6%). Most variations in quality of life were related to pain and discomfort.Conclusions: We showed that the pain and discomfort dimension of EQ-5D-5L had more variation in PWID. This finding will be useful for allocating appropriate interventions and resources to promote health-related quality of life in this population.
The Effect of Location, Cultivar, and Sowing Time on the Growth and Productivity of Buckwheat in Egypt
Authors: Hassona Mohamed M. , Abd El-Aal Hala A. , Morsy Nahla M. , Hussein Ahmed M. S.
Published: March 2024

The present study was conducted in Egypt at two different locations Bilbeis City Site (BCS) and Sadat City Site (SCS) during two successive seasons (2018/2019 - 2019/2020) planting cultivars Tartary buckwheat (FT) and common buckwheat (FE) in three planting times (mid-Nov., mid-Jan., and mid-March) to investigating the effect of location, cultivar, and sowing time on the growth and productivity under the Egyptian environmental conditions. The study followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and compared two buckwheat cultivars, FT and FE to separate locations and different planting times in Egypt. Our results showed that planting buckwheat in BCS consistently outperformed those in SCS in terms of growth and productivity attributes. Species FT showed superior growth metrics and productivity over FE in both sites and seasons. In terms of sowing times, mid-March demonstrated optimal productivity with yields of 596 kg/hectare and 576 kg/hectare across two seasons. The study underscores the combined influence of location, cultivar, and sowing time on the growth and productivity of buckwheat in Egypt, reiterating the need for tailored agricultural practices specific to each region and cultivar for enhanced yield of this promising undertilized and neglected crop in Egypt.
We're All in This Together
Authors: Espinosa Jessica López , Valero Rodríguez América Daniela , Bravo Amairany Vega , Vázquez-Armenta Gabriela , Lopez Mildred
Published: March 2024

Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a popular learning method in health science education. It involves students assuming roles as teachers and learners and can be categorized based on the academic relationship between students and the teacher-learner ratio. Its effectiveness is attributed to peer interaction and similarity in knowledge levels. This method offers cognitive, pedagogical, behavioral, and social benefits, enhancing critical thinking, professional development, and motivation to learn. Teacher-students gain confidence, knowledge, and teaching skills, while learner-students benefit from improved comprehension and a positive learning environment. For universities, PAL prepares future educators, reduces faculty workload, and is cost-effective. However, concerns about the quality of interactions and teacher-students' qualifications exist. Monitoring content and providing guidance are important. This method is a valuable tool in medical education. With training, support, and quality assurance, PAL enhances the learning experience and develops competent healthcare professionals.
Decolonization and Peacebuilding
Authors: Shah Tamanna M.
Published: March 2024

Nations that fail to achieve independence at decolonization seek recognition and support from the international community. The United Nations peacebuilding activities significantly influence conflicts over statehood and self-determination. This chapter examines United Nations peacebuilding and conflict resolution through the successful independence of Timor Leste with the ongoing conflict in Kashmir since the moment of decolonization. It argues that the patterns of decolonization are critical in explaining initial UN positions, which then shape future peacebuilding operations. Decolonial designs determine the primacy of either territorial integrity or the right to self-determination. In Kashmir, partition made the new territorial boundaries geopolitically significant, which had to be maintained for international peace and security. Annexation made the right to self-determination more salient in generating support for independence since the UN understood the right within the context of decolonization rather than geopolitics.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management Challenges in Petroleum Transportation
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: March 2024

Sustainable supply chain management has emerged as a critical concern in the petroleum transportation industry, driven by the growing global demand for energy and increasing environmental concerns. As petroleum products play a significant role in meeting energy needs worldwide, ensuring their safe and efficient transportation is crucial. However, the petroleum sector faces numerous challenges throughout its supply chain.This chapter aims to explore these challenges and their implications for sustainable supply chain management in petroleum transportation. With issues such as carbon emissions, water pollution, and resource depletion, this chapter will provide insights into the complexities of achieving sustainability within this industry and highlight potential strategies to overcome these challenges. Hence, in this chapter, an effort is taken to prioritize challenges of the petroleum industries by using the WASPAS (weighted aggregate sum and product assessment) method. The managers or stakeholders can take necessary steps in taking action against petroleum transportation.
Embracing Technological Advancements
Authors: Kaur Baljit , Saxena Sanjeev Kumar Kumar
Published: March 2024

The chapter delves into futuristic trends in hospitality, propelled by artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and blockchain. AI drives personalized guest interactions, IoT enables smart hotels, and blockchain ensures security. Data analytics personalize experiences, VR/AR engage guests, while contactless services address pandemic concerns. Sustainability aligns with eco-consciousness, and cybersecurity safeguards guest data. Embracing innovation is imperative for thriving in the evolving hospitality landscape.
From Plate to Planet
Authors: Berry Karan
Published: March 2024

The global hospitality sector is responsible for approximately 23 million tons of food waste each year, necessitating immediate attention to tackle its repercussions. This chapter delves into various approaches that encompass the reduction, reuse, and recycling of food waste, underscoring the crucial role of a circular economy in promoting sustainability. Through the examination of recent research and case studies from prominent hospitality establishments, the analysis scrutinizes successful implementations of environmentally friendly practices. These practices include initiatives to reduce waste at its source, food donation programs, composting, and the utilization of anaerobic digestion technologies. It is essential to disseminate the advantages of mitigating food waste to practitioners in the hospitality sector for their company's short-term financial success and corporate image. Recommendations are outlined for policymakers, businesses, and consumers to initiate a cultural shift towards sustainable and responsible food consumption and waste management practices.
Utilizing Technology for Food Waste Management in the Hospitality Industry Hotels and Restaurants
Authors: Singh Vipin , Archana T. , Singh Amrik , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar
Published: March 2024

This chapter explores the role of technology in food waste management within hotels and restaurants, focusing on innovative solutions. By leveraging advanced tools and systems, these establishments can minimize waste generation, reduce operational costs, and enhance their sustainability efforts. Technology-driven strategies include smart kitchen appliances, real-time inventory management, and waste conversion solutions, such as food digesters and composting. Regulatory compliance is emphasized as governments tighten regulations. Embracing technology not only reduces waste but also bolsters sustainability and lowers costs, making a significant contribution to a greener future.
The Importance of Shifting Responsible to Self-Responsible Behavior Towards Food Waste in the Indian Hospitality Sector
Authors: Kulshrestha Ruchika , Malakar Subir Kumar , Farhan Mohd
Published: March 2024

The aim of this chapter is to examine food waste concerns and to observe the patterns associated with food wastage in weddings and temples in India. This research also examines the diverse obstacles encountered by individuals in practicing responsible food consumption and managing their access to food. The chapter is an exploratory study that aimed to gather empirical data on the current situation and individual accountability around food waste. In this study, a qualitative case study methodology was employed to examine the specific methods implemented by stakeholders. The authors of this chapter present their perspective on the increasing quantity of food waste, accompanied by secondary data obtained from a range of scientific research and publications produced by various government organizations. This chapter focuses on promoting self-responsible behavior in the Indian hospitality sector, specifically in relation to food waste. It examines the benefits of avoiding food waste in various settings, such as weddings and Mandirs.
BitTrace
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Jianhui , Pan Li
Published: March 2024

Bitcoin is a digital currency system built on the foundation of fairness. However, some malicious miners, driven by their own interests, employ unfair tactics such as selfish mining to compete, which disregard the legitimate miners' investments in computational power and energy consumption. In order to assess the efficiency of the Bitcoin system in real-time and promptly detect malicious miners in the network, this paper proposes a data collection framework called BitTrace, which addresses the issues of low efficiency, lack of timeliness, and data loss in traditional data collection frameworks. BitTrace enables real-time collection and analysis of the blockchain formation process, storing it as structured data. Furthermore, the paper discusses factors that influence the efficiency of data collection and proposes a topological control scheme based on the DPC algorithm to enhance the integrity and efficiency of data collection. Researchers can explore various research areas and applications, such as selfish mining detection and legitimate mining strategy research.
Embigin Is Highly Expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells but Is Dispensable for Several T Cell Effector Responses
Authors: Yang Haoran , Iwanaga Naoki , Katz Alexis R , Ridley Andy R , Miller Haiyan D , Allen Michaela J , Pociask Dereck , Kolls Jay K
Published: March 2024

T cell immunity, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, is critical to host immune responses to infection. Transcriptomic analyses of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of C57BL/6 mice show high expression the gene encoding embigin, Emb, which encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein. Moreover, we found that lung CD4+ Th17 tissue-resident memory T cells of C57BL/6 mice also express high levels of Emb. However, deletion of Emb in αβ T cells of C57BL/6 mice revealed that Emb is dispensable for thymic T cell development, generation of lung Th17 tissue-resident memory T cells, tissue-resident memory T cell homing to the lung, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, as well as clearance of pulmonary viral or fungal infection. Thus, based on this study, embigin appears to play a minor role if any in αβ T cell development or αβ T cell effector functions in C57BL/6 mice.
The role of galanin in the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer: the unfinished story
Authors: Kmiec Zbigniew , Kieżun Jacek , Krazinski Bartlomiej E. , Kwiatkowski Przemyslaw , Godlewski Janusz
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a summary of immunohistochemical (IHC) and biochemical investigations on the presence of galanin (Gal), one of the neuropeptides abundant in the enteric nervous systems, and three types of its receptors (GalR1-3) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and non-involved colon wall and their associations with clinical-pathological data of the CRC patients. We were the first to morphologically demonstrate the presence of endogenous Gal in CRC sections and measure its content in homogenates of tumor tissue and dissected compartments of unchanged colon wall. The prominent atrophy of myenteric plexuses displaying Gal immunoreactivity (Gal-Ir) located close to the tumor invasion was found to be accompanied by higher Gal content in the tumor-adjacent muscularis externa than in tumor-distant tissue. In further studies for the first time, we demonstrated by the IHC technique the presence of the GalR1-3 receptors in the CRC tumors and the colon mucosa and found that higher GalR3-Ir in the tumor tissue correlated with longer overall survival of CRC patients. Furthermore, we discovered that lower GalR1 expression in submucosal plexuses located near the tumor correlated with a better prognosis in patients with CRC. These findings suggest that GalR1 could be considered as a novel therapeutic target in CRC. In conclusion, our morphological investigations provided novel data documenting the involvement of Gal and its receptors in the progression of CRC and showed the usefulness of the IHC technique for the prognosis of CRC patients.
Limited Total Arc Glenohumeral Rotation and Shoulder Biomechanics During Baseball Pitching
Authors: Ide Tomohiro , Hamer Tyler J. , Rosen Adam B. , Vogel Colleen , Haan Dimitri , Knarr Brian A. , Wilkins Samuel J.
Published: March 2024

Context

Upper extremity injuries in baseball pitchers cause significant time loss from competing and decreased quality of life. Although shoulder range of motion (ROM) is reported as a key factor to prevent potential injury, it remains unclear how limited glenohumeral ROM affects pitching biomechanics which may contribute to upper extremity injuries.

Objective

To investigate how pitchers with decreased total arc glenohumeral ROM of the throwing arm differed in upper extremity pitching kinematics and kinetics as well as ball velocity compared with pitchers with greater levels of glenohumeral ROM.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifty-seven baseball pitchers (ages 18–24) were divided into either control (≥160° total arc) or lower ROM (<160° total arc) groups.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The mean glenohumeral ROM deficits, pitching kinematic and kinetic outcomes, and ball velocity were compared between groups.

Results

The control group demonstrated significantly less deficit in total arc ROM between arms than the lower ROM (control: −1.5° ± 10.0°; lower ROM: −12.4° ± 13.9°; P < .001). While the lower ROM group displayed less maximal shoulder external rotation (ER) while pitching, the control group had significantly less difference in ROM between maximal shoulder ER while pitching and clinically measured ER (lower ROM: 64.4° ± 12.1°; control: 55.8° ± 16.6°; P = .025). The control group had significantly faster ball velocity than the lower ROM group (control: 85.0 ± 4.3 mph; lower ROM: 82.4 ± 4.8 mph; P = .024).

Conclusion

Pitchers with decreased total arc glenohumeral ROM (<160° total arc) may undergo overstretching toward ER in the shoulder during the late cocking phase. Pitchers with higher total arc ROM can pitch the same or faster ball without increasing loading in the upper extremity. Total arc glenohumeral ROM measurement can be a clinical screening tool to monitor shoulder condition over the time, and pitchers with limited total arc ROM might be at higher risk of shoulder injury.
Model of Autonomous-Related Singles Counseling in Collectivistic Cultures: The Turkey Model
Authors: Bahar Aydın Kâmile
Published: March 2024

In this paper the Model of Autonomous-Related Singles Counseling (MARSC) is introduced. MARSC is based on Kağıtçıbaşı's (1996) Autonomous-Related Self Model (ARSM) and on Aydın’s (2017, 2019) Singles Counseling Theory which have been developed in Turkey, a country that scores high on collectivism (Hofstede, 1980). In both models, the basic psychological needs of autonomy and relatedness are the key concepts. ARSM is a supplementary synthesis model that integrates two constructs assumed to be conflicting, and it is based on cross-cultural diversity: autonomy and relatedness. ARSM is prevalent in collectivistic cultures. Research conducted on diverse national and ethnic groups in Brazil, Estonia, Turkey, China, the Canadian Inuit, and immigrants in the United States of America and Europe, provides scientific evidence with regard to the ARSM. ARSM develops in the family model of psychological interdependence (FMPI) in collectivistic cultures. It involves a healthier combination of both autonomy and relatedness, which are essential psychological needs rather than relying on single autonomy or relatedness. Autonomy infers agency (social and cognitive) and volition, while relatedness infers emotional relations and support. Intervention is needed for ARSM to develop in a collectivistic culture. A single individual at MARSC is defined as someone who never married, got divorced, lives separately, or is widowed. MARSC has been developed to inspire prevention and intervention programs to develop the ARSM and related structures and functions (such as FMPI and autonomous-related single lifestyle). However, some environmental problems have become widespread and important in Turkey, therefore, the effectiveness of these psychological counseling programs also requires these problems to be resolved. Within the scope of Turkey-MARSC, these programs should be prepared to enhance efforts on developing autonomy in single individuals.
Normative Multiculturalism in Socio-Political Context
Authors: Ward Colleen , Watters Sara , Stuart Jaimee , Karl Johannes
Published: March 2024

Normative multiculturalism refers to individuals’ perceptions about the extent to which interactions between culturally diverse groups, multicultural policies and practices, and diversity-valuing ideologies are common or normative in one’s society. In this paper, we explore these dimensions of normative multiculturalism as predictors of social connectedness (trust) and psychological well-being (flourishing) in two socio-political contexts: The United States and the United Kingdom. Two hundred and eighty-four residents (143 Hispanics and 141 non-Hispanic Whites) in the United States and 375 (125 British Indians and 250 British Whites) participated in the research. The results revealed that normative Multicultural Ideology predicted greater trust and normative Multicultural Contact predicted greater flourishing in both countries; however, minority-majority group status moderated the effects in different ways in the two contexts. The positive effects of normative multicultural ideology were confined to Hispanics in the United States, while in the United Kingdom it held for both groups with the effects being stronger for Whites. In addition, the positive effects of normative multicultural contact on flourishing was stronger for Indians than for Whites in the United Kingdom. The findings are discussed in relation to socio-political context and group characteristics along with limitations of the research.
Morphometric Analysis of Human Fetus and Fetal Pancreas in Different Gestational Age Groups
Authors: Jakhar Bharti , Malhotra Rashmi , Bisht Kanchan , Kant Ravi , Singh Ashok , Khoiwal Kavita , Singh Brijendra
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Fetal biometric parameters are very often utilized for calculating gestational age. The pancreas is a gland with dual functions in our body – exocrine and endocrine, with the latter component being very often discussed in the context of diabetes mellitus. Through evaluation of variations in morphometry in relation to different gestational ages, the research intends to draw attention to various associated developmental correlations that were not mentioned in previous studies.

Materials and Methods:

The current research was carried out on 30 fetuses after obtaining due approval from Institute's Ethical Committee. Fetuses were divided into different gestational age groups and morphometric parameters such as crown-rump length, crown heel length, head circumference, abdomen circumference, chest circumference, hand length, and Foot Length (FL) were noted by measuring with nylon thread in centimetres. Fetal pancreases were removed after stepwise dissection and pancreatic weight along with length and thickness was measured by Vernier calipers. All the parameters were then compared within different gestational age groups.

Results:

All the parameters and the age group of fetuses were positively correlated and showed statistical significance.

Conclusion:

The study would add substantial knowledge in the areas of pancreatic regeneration, surgical pancreatectomy, and treatment protocols for diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. Through evaluation of variations in morphometry in relation to different gestational ages, the research intends to draw attention to various associated developmental correlations.
Brain and COVID
Authors: Srinath Rajagopal , Nanda Subrat Kumar , Asturkar Vikram , Ahmad FMH , Wilson Vinny , Yanamandra Uday , Menon Anil
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

COVID-19 is caused due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. A change in the epidemiological pattern of neurovascular diseases has been observed among patients who have had COVID-19 infection. There are not enough studies which have evaluated the neurovascular manifestations among patients of COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:

This single-center observational study was intended to evaluate the correlation between various COVID-19-related parameters with the outcomes of vascular events among patients of COVID-19 who developed neurovascular complications. The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Pune, India, from February 01, 2021, to October 10, 2021. The study population involved patients with COVID-19 of varying severity and associated neurovascular complications. The total number of patients was 22 in number. The deidentified data were analyzed using JMP version 10.040.

Results:

Among a total of 22 patients, 16 (73%) had arterial infarcts, 5 (23%) had venous infarcts, whereas 1 (4%) had intracerebral hemorrhage. Four (18%) patients had features of severe COVID-19 and 2 (9%) of them had a modified Rankin Scale of six. There was a strong correlation between the severity of COVID infection and the severity of neurovascular complications. A positive correlation was observed between the time duration from Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity to neurovascular complications with the duration of >45 days having a poorer outcome.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 is more likely to cause thrombotic vascular events including stroke. The severity of COVID-19 is directly correlated with poorer outcomes. The duration between RT-PCR positivity and neurovascular symptoms if >45 days, has a poorer outcome.