bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing for Unveiling Similarities between Microbial Data
Authors: Brezočnik Lucija , Žlender Tanja , Rupnik Maja , Podgorelec Vili
Published: September 2024

Microbiota analysis can provide valuable insights in various fields, including diet and nutrition, understanding health and disease, and in environmental contexts, such as understanding the role of microorganisms in different ecosystems. Based on the results, we can provide targeted therapies, personalized medicine, or detect environmental contaminants. In our research, we examined the gut microbiota of 16 animal taxa, including humans, as well as the microbiota of cattle and pig manure, where we focused on 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions. Analyzing these regions is common in microbiome studies but can be challenging since the results are high-dimensional. Thus, we utilized machine learning techniques and demonstrated their applicability in processing microbial sequence data. Moreover, we showed that techniques commonly employed in natural language processing can be adapted for analyzing microbial text vectors. We obtained the latter through frequency analyses and utilized the proposed hierarchical clustering method over them. All steps in this study were gathered in a proposed microbial sequence data processing pipeline. The results demonstrate that we not only found similarities between samples but also sorted groups’ samples into semantically related clusters. We also tested our method against other known algorithms like the Kmeans and Spectral Clustering algorithms using clustering evaluation metrics. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over them. Moreover, the proposed microbial sequence data pipeline can be utilized for different types of microbiota, such as oral, gut, and skin, demonstrating its reusability and robustness.
A Multi-Branch Feature Extraction Residual Network for Lightweight Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Liu Chunying , Wan Xujie , Gao Guangwei
Published: September 2024

Single-image super-resolution (SISR) seeks to elucidate the mapping relationships between low-resolution and high-resolution images. However, high-performance network models often entail a significant number of parameters and computations, presenting limitations in practical applications. Therefore, prioritizing a light weight and efficiency becomes crucial when applying image super-resolution (SR) to real-world scenarios. We propose a straightforward and efficient method, the Multi-Branch Feature Extraction Residual Network (MFERN), to tackle lightweight image SR through the fusion of multi-information self-calibration and multi-attention information. Specifically, we have devised a Multi-Branch Residual Feature Fusion Module (MRFFM) that leverages a multi-branch residual structure to succinctly and effectively fuse multiple pieces of information. Within the MRFFM, we have designed the Multi-Scale Attention Feature Fusion Block (MAFFB) to adeptly extract features via convolution and self-calibration attention operations. Furthermore, we introduce a Dual Feature Calibration Block (DFCB) to dynamically fuse feature information using dynamic weight values derived from the upper and lower branches. Additionally, to overcome the limitation of convolution in solely extracting local information, we incorporate a Transformer module to effectively integrate global information. The experimental results demonstrate that our MFERN exhibits outstanding performance in terms of model parameters and overall performance.
Pricing a Defaultable Zero-Coupon Bond under Imperfect Information and Regime Switching
Authors: Zarban Ashwaq Ali , Colwell David , Salopek Donna Mary
Published: September 2024

We propose a pricing formula for a defaultable zero-coupon bond with imperfect information under a regime switching model using a structural form of credit risk modelling. This paper provides explicit representations of risky debt under regime switching with a constant interest rate and risky debt under regime switching with a regime switching interest rate. While the value of the firm’s equity is observed continuously, we assume that the total value of the firm is only observed at discrete times, such as the dates of the release of the firm’s annual reports, or quarterly reports. This uncertainty about the true value of the firm results in credit spreads that do not approach zero as the debt approaches maturity, which is a problem with many structural models. The firm’s value is typically decomposed into its equity and debt; however, we consider the asset–to–equity ratio, an accounting ratio used to examine a firm’s financial well-being. The parameters in our model are regime switching, where the regime can be thought of as the state of the economy. A Markov chain with a constant transition rate matrix produces the regime switching.
Identifying the Problem Side with Single-Leg Squat and Hamstrings Flexibility for Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Kwok Boon Chong , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Kong Pui Wah
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: In patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP), their pain and problem sides can differ. Clinical Pilates assessment provides an approach to identify the problem side, but this approach requires experience and can be subjective. This study aimed to investigate if objective measures of single-leg squat postural control and hamstrings flexibility could identify the problem side in adults with non-specific chronic LBP. Materials and Methods: Forty adults with non-specific chronic LBP were tested on single-leg squat postural control and hamstrings flexibility. The problem side of participants was assessed with the Clinical Pilates method. Paired t-tests were used to compare the postural sway parameters of the single-leg squat and hamstrings flexibility between the problem and non-problem sides. Cohen’s kappa was then used to assess the agreement of postural sway and flexibility measures with the Clinical Pilates method. Results: The problem side showed smaller vertical force variance, larger sway path distances, lower peak vertical force, smaller terminal knee flexion angle, longer time to complete the five single-leg squats, and tighter hamstrings as compared to the non-problem side. However, only the overall and anteroposterior sway path distances, terminal knee flexion angle, total squat duration, and hamstrings flexibility yielded moderate to strong agreement with the Clinical Pilates method. Conclusions: Single-leg squat postural sway parameters and hamstrings flexibility can objectively identify the problem side in adults with non-specific chronic LBP.
The Free Flap Reconstruction of Facial Defects after Squamous Cell Carcinoma Excision
Authors: Lee Tae-Yul , Lee Seungjun , Eun Seokchan
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer. There are many methods for the reconstruction of facial subunit defects after skin cancer excision. The face is vital to a person’s life and should be reconstructed considering functional and aesthetic aspects. Despite a variety of flap types and techniques, it is still challenging to meet the various demands. The aim of this study was to compare free flaps for facial reconstruction after resection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This study included 14 patients from January 2021 to June 2023. Patients who underwent facial SCC resection and subsequent reconstruction using free flaps were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, and localization were recorded. Follow-ups ranged from 5 to 21 months, with an average of 13 months. Results: All free flaps survived well except one case of partial flap necrosis. In most patients, good to excellent functional and aesthetic results were obtained. The donor site healed uneventfully in all patients. Conclusions: Free flap reconstruction is an excellent choice in wide skin oncologic defects. In terms of texture, it also could be a good surgical method. The use of a fraxel laser can progressively facilitate improved color matching with the surrounding skin.
The Impact of Welding Parameters on the Welding Strength of High Borosilicate Glass and Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Changjun , Tang Jian , Zhang Min , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

This study adopts a new surface pretreatment method, Laser Surface Remelting (LSR). This experiment aims to establish a set of laser welding process parameters suitable for aluminum alloy and glass under this specific pretreatment. This experiment explores the impact of laser welding parameters on the welding strength between high borosilicate glass and aluminum alloy. The study specifically investigates the effects of four process parameters: defocus amount, laser power, frequency, and pulse width on the welding outcome. The results indicate that the welding quality between the aluminum alloy and glass reaches its optimum when the defocus amount is zero (i.e., when the laser converges at the interface between the glass and the metal) and the laser welding parameters are set to a power of 250 W, a welding speed of 1 mm/s, a welding frequency of 10 Hz, and a pulse width of 2.5 ms. The experiment also analyzes the fracture morphology under different parameters, summarizing the locations and causes of fractures, and establishing the relationship between the fracture location and the welding strength.
Mechanism of Anodic Dissolution of Tungsten in Sulfate–Fluoride Solutions
Authors: Bojinov Martin , Penkova Yoanna , Betova Iva , Karastoyanov Vasil
Published: September 2024

Thin passive films on tungsten play an important role during the surface levelling of the metal for various applications and during the initial stages of electrochemical synthesis of thick, nanoporous layers that perform well as photo-absorbers and photo-catalysts for light-assisted water splitting. In the present work, the passivation of tungsten featuring metal dissolution and thin oxide film formation is studied by a combination of in situ electrochemical (voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy) and spectro-electrochemical methods coupled with ex situ surface oxide characterization by XPS. Voltametric and impedance data are successfully reproduced by a kinetic model featuring oxide growth and dissolution coupled with the recombination of point defects, as well as a multistep tungsten dissolution reaction at the oxide/electrolyte interface. The model is in good agreement with the spectro-electrochemical data on soluble oxidation products and the surface chemical composition of the passive oxide.
Spatial Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Curcumin Induces Metabolic Reprogramming in Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Zhu Zihan , Zhang Yaqi , Wang Lei , Geng Haoyuan , Li Min , Chen Shiping , Wang Xiao , Chen Panpan , Sun Chenglong , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2024

Curcumin is widely recognized for its diverse antitumor properties, ranging from breast cancer to many other types of cancers. However, its role in the tumor microenvironment remains to be elucidated. In this study, we established a 3D tumor spheroids model that can simulate the growth environment of tumor cells and visualized the antitumor metabolic alteration caused by curcumin using mass spectrometry imaging technology. Our results showed that curcumin not only exerts a profound impact on the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells but in situ multivariate statistical analysis also reveals the significant effect on the overall metabolic profile of tumor spheroids. Meanwhile, our visualization map characterized curcumin metabolic processes of reduction and glucuronidation in tumor spheroids. More importantly, abnormal metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism and polyamine metabolism were also remodeled at the metabolite and gene levels after curcumin intervention. These insights deepen our comprehension of the regulatory mechanism of curcumin on the tumor metabolic network, furnishing powerful references for antitumor treatment.
Machine Learning-Based Plasma Metabolomics in Liraglutide-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Park Seokjae , Kim Eun-Kyoung
Published: September 2024

Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Despite its benefits, including improved glycemic control and weight loss, the common metabolic changes induced by liraglutide and correlations between those in rodents and humans remain unknown. Here, we used advanced machine learning techniques to analyze the plasma metabolomic data in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and patients with T2DM treated with liraglutide. Among the machine learning models, Support Vector Machine was the most suitable for DIO mice, and Gradient Boosting was the most suitable for patients with T2DM. Through the cross-evaluation of machine learning models, we found that liraglutide promotes metabolic shifts and interspecies correlations in these shifts between DIO mice and patients with T2DM. Our comparative analysis helped identify metabolic correlations influenced by liraglutide between humans and rodents and may guide future therapeutic strategies for T2DM and obesity.
Enhanced Sensitivity of a Resistive Pressure Sensor Based on a PEDOT:PSS Thin Film on PDMS with a Random-Height Micropyramid Structure
Authors: Kim Sungyong , Kim Dae Yu
Published: September 2024

The use of flexible pressure sensors has become increasingly widespread in a variety of applications, including wearable electronics and electronic skin. These sensors need to exhibit high sensitivity, wide detection limits, a fast response time, a linear response, and mechanical stability. In this study, we demonstrate a resistive pressure sensor based on randomly arranged micropyramid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) thin film with a sensitivity of 391 kPa−1, a response time of 52.91 ms, a recovery time of 4.38 ms, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.35 kPa. Electrodes are then connected to a pair of the proposed resistive pressure sensors that face each other to fabricate a pressure sensing device. We examine various characteristics of the fabricated device, including the changes observed when applying loads ranging from 0 to 2.58 kPa. The proposed sensor exhibits high sensitivity and a rapid response time.
A Highly Sensitive NiO Flexible Temperature Sensor Prepared by Low-Temperature Sintering Electrohydrodynamic Direct Writing
Authors: Wang Ting , Du Xianruo , Zheng Gaofeng , Xue Zhiyuan , Zhang Junlin , Chen Huatan , Gao Libo , Li Wenwang , Wang Xiang , Liu Yifang , Jiang Jiaxin
Published: September 2024

Flexible temperature sensors have diverse applications and a great potential in the field of temperature monitoring, including healthcare, smart homes and the automotive industry. However, the current flexible temperature sensor preparation generally suffers from process complexity, which limits its development and application. In this paper, a nickel oxide (NiO) flexible temperature sensor based on a low-temperature sintering technology is introduced. The prepared NiO flexible temperature sensor has a high-resolution temperature measurement performance and good stability, including temperature detection over a wide temperature range of (25 to 70 °C) and a high sensitivity performance (of a maximum TCR of −5.194%°C−1 and a thermal constant of 3938 K). The rapid response time of this temperature sensor was measured to be 2 s at 27–50 °C, which ensures the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. The NiO flexible temperature sensor prepared by electrohydrodynamic direct writing has a stable performance and good flexibility in complex environments. The temperature sensor can be used to monitor the temperature status of the equipment and prevent failure or damage caused by overheating.
A Route to the Colorimetric Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein Based on a Smartphone
Authors: Liu Junjie , Geng Qingfubo , Geng Zhaoxin
Published: September 2024

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a key marker for early cancer detection and assessment. However, the current detection methods struggle to balance accuracy with the need for decentralized medical treatment. To address this issue, a new AFP analysis platform utilizing digital image colorimetry has been developed. Functionalized gold nanoparticles act as colorimetric agents, changing from purple-red to light gray-blue when exposed to different AFP concentrations. A smartphone app captures these color changes and calculates the AFP concentration in the sample. To improve detection accuracy, a hardware device ensures uniform illumination. Testing has confirmed that this system can quantitatively analyze AFP using colorimetry. The limit of detection reached 0.083 ng/mL, and the average accuracy reached 90.81%. This innovative method enhances AFP testing by offering portability, precision, and low cost, making it particularly suitable for resource-limited areas.
Investigating a Detection Method for Viruses and Pathogens Using a Dual-Microcantilever Sensor
Authors: Banchelli Luca , Todorov Georgi , Stavrov Vladimir , Ganev Borislav , Todorov Todor
Published: September 2024

Piezoresistive microcantilever sensors for the detection of viruses, pathogens, and trace chemical gasses, with appropriate measurement and signal processing methods, can be a powerful instrument with high speed and sensitivity, with in situ and real-time capabilities. This paper discusses a novel method for mass sensing on the order of a few femtograms, using a dual-microcantilever piezoresistive sensor with a vibrating common base. The two microcantilevers have controllably shifted natural frequencies with only one of them being active. Two active piezoresistors are located on the surfaces of each of the two flexures, which are specifically connected in a Wheatstone bridge with two more equivalent passive resistors located on the sensor base. A dedicated experimental system measures the voltages of the two half-bridges and, after determining their amplitude–frequency responses, finds the modulus of their differences. The modified amplitude–frequency response possesses a cusp point which is a function of the natural frequencies of the microcantilevers. The signal processing theory is derived, and experiments are carried out on the temperature variation in the natural frequency of the active microcantilever. Theoretical and experimental data of the temperature–frequency influence and equivalent mass with the same impact are obtained. The results confirm the sensor’s applicability for the detection of ultra-small objects, including early diagnosis and prediction in microbiology, for example, for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, other viruses, and pathogens. The versatile nature of the method makes it applicable to other fields such as medicine, chemistry, and ecology.
A Novel Device for Micro-Droplets Generation Based on the Stepwise Membrane Emulsification Principle
Authors: Lei Lei , Achenbach Sven , Wells Garth , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel design of the device to generate microspheres or micro-droplets based on the membrane emulsification principle. Specifically, the novelty of the device lies in a proposed two-layer or stepwise (by generalization) membrane structure. An important benefit of the stepwise membrane is that it can be fabricated with the low-cost material (SU-8) and using the conventional lithography technology along with a conventional image-based alignment technique. The experiment to examine the effectiveness of the proposed membrane was conducted, and the result shows that microspheres with the size of 2.3 μm and with the size uniformity of 0.8 μm can be achieved, which meets the requirements for most applications in industries. It is noted that the traditional membrane emulsification method can only produce microspheres of around 20 μm. The main contribution of this paper is thus the new design principle of membranes (i.e., stepwise structure), which can be made by the cost-effective fabrication technique, for high performance of droplets production.
Numerical Investigation of Enhanced Heat Transfer with Micro Pin Fins in Heat Exchangers
Authors: Zhou Qin , Wang Hongyan , Wu Fuyuan , Liu Shengfei , Wei Huafeng , Hu Guoqing
Published: September 2024

Pin-fin and flat-tube heat exchangers (PFFTHXs) offer a promising alternative to traditional louvered-fin and flat-tube heat exchangers (LFFTHXs), especially when used as evaporators. The streamlined structure of pin fins helps to effectively remove condensate and defrost water. In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis of 60 different pin-fin configurations across three pin diameters to enhance heat transfer in PFFTHXs. Our investigation focused on how pin pitch affects both airflow and heat transfer efficiency. The results show that a closer pin pitch increases both the heat transfer rate per unit area and the pressure drop for a given airflow velocity. We evaluated the overall performance of these configurations using the heat transfer rate per unit frontal area obtained at equivalent fan power levels. The analysis identified optimal configurations for each pin diameter, with the 0.2 mm diameter configuration demonstrating the highest heat transfer efficiency—this was on par with louvered fins but used fewer resources. This makes it an ideal choice for evaporative applications in PFFTHXs.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Tin Oxide Quantum Dots on Reduced Graphene Oxide under Light
Authors: Reddy Itheereddi Neelakanta , Akkinepally Bhargav , Shim Jaesool , Bai Cheolho
Published: September 2024

The study utilized a simple and cost-effective approach to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of various materials, including reduced graphene oxide (rGO), tin oxide nanostructures (SnO2), and rGO/SnO2 composites. The composites examined were rS15, containing 15 mg of rGO and 45 mg of SnO2, and rS5, with 5 mg of rGO and 50 mg of SnO2, tested in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) electrolyte. Notably, the rS5 electrode showed a significant increase in PEC efficiency in 0.1 M NaOH, achieving a peak photocurrent density of 13.24 mA cm−2 under illumination, which was seven times higher than that of pristine rGO nanostructures. This enhancement was attributed to the synergistic effects of the heterostructure, which reduced resistance and minimized charge recombination, thereby maximizing the catalytic activity across the various electrochemical applications. Furthermore, the rS5 anode demonstrated improved Tafel parameters, indicating faster reaction kinetics and lower overpotential for efficient current generation. These results highlight the potential for optimizing nanostructures to significantly enhance PEC performance, paving the way for advancements in sustainable water-splitting technologies.
Epibiotic Bacteria Isolated from the Non-Indigenous Species Codium fragile ssp. fragile: Identification, Characterization, and Biotechnological Potential
Authors: Cherif Wafa , Ktari Leila , Hassen Bilel , Ismail Amel , El Bour Monia
Published: September 2024

Due to their richness in organic substances and nutrients, seaweed (macroalgae) harbor a large number of epiphytic bacteria on their surfaces. These bacteria interact with their host in multiple complex ways, in particular, by producing chemical compounds. The released metabolites may have biological properties beneficial for applications in both industry and medicine. In this study, we assess the diversity of culturable bacterial community of the invasive alga Codium fragile ssp. fragile with the aim to identify key groups within this epiphytic community. Seaweed samples were collected from the Northern Tunisian coast. A total of fifty bacteria were isolated in pure culture. These bacterial strains were identified by amplification of the ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer between the 16S and the 23S rRNA genes (ITS-PCR) and by 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial activity, biochemical, and antibiotic resistance profile characterization were determined for the isolates. Isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial potential against human and fish bacterial pathogens and the yeast Candida albicans, using the in vitro drop method. About 37% of isolated strains possess antibacterial activity with a variable antimicrobial spectrum. Ba1 (closely related to Pseudoalteromonas spiralis), Ba12 (closely related to Enterococcus faecium), and Bw4 (closely related to Pseudoalteromonas sp.) exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The isolated strain Ba4, closely related to Serratia marcescens, demonstrated the most potent activity against pathogens. The susceptibility of these strains to 12 commonly used antibiotics was investigated. Majority of the isolates were resistant to oxacillin, cefoxitin, tobramycin, and nitrofurantoin. Ba7 and Ba10, closely related to the Vibrio anguillarum strains, had the highest multidrug resistance profiles. The enzymes most commonly produced by the isolated strains were amylase, lecithinase, and agarase. Moreover, nine isolates produced disintegration zones around their colonies on agar plates with agarolitic index, ranging from 0.60 to 2.38. This investigation highlighted that Codium fragile ssp. fragile possesses an important diversity of epiphytic bacteria on its surface that could be cultivated in high biomass and may be considered for biotechnological application and as sources of antimicrobial drugs.
Identification of an Endogenous Strong Promoter in Burkholderia sp. JP2-270
Authors: Ke Jing , Shen Jiamin , Wang Haoran , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Yucong , Chen Guoqing , Feng Guozhong
Published: September 2024

Burkholderia is the second largest source of natural product bacteria after Actinomyces and can produce many secondary metabolites including pyrrolnitrin (PRN). Natural products of microbial origin are usually found in trace amounts, so in metabolic engineering, promoter engineering is often used to regulate gene expression to increase yield. In this study, an endogenous strong promoter was identified based on RNA-seq to overexpress biosynthetic genes to increase the production of PRN. By analyzing the transcriptomic data of the antagonistic bacterium Burkholderia sp. JP2-270 in three different development periods, we screened 50 endogenous promoters with high transcriptional activity, nine of which were verified by an obvious fluorescent signal via fluorescence observation. Then, combined with RT-qPCR analysis, Php, the promoter of a hypothetical protein, was found to be significantly expressed in all three periods. In order to increase the suitability of endogenous promoters, the promoter Php was shortened at different lengths, and the results show that a sequence length of 173 bp was necessary for its activity. Moreover, this promoter was used to overexpress the PRN biosynthesis genes (prnA, prnB, prnC and prnD) in JP2-270, resulting in a successful increase in gene expression levels by 40–80 times. Only the overexpression of the prnB gene successfully increased PRN production to 1.46 times that of the wild type. Overall, the endogenous strong promoters screened in this study can improve gene expression and increase the production of secondary metabolites in JP2-270 and other strains.
Observations and Considerations for Implementing Vibration Signals as an Input Technique for Mobile Devices
Authors: Hrast Thomas , Ahlström David , Hitz Martin
Published: September 2024

This work examines swipe-based interactions on smart devices, like smartphones and smartwatches, that detect vibration signals through defined swipe surfaces. We investigate how these devices, held in users’ hands or worn on their wrists, process vibration signals from swipe interactions and ambient noise using a support vector machine (SVM). The work details the signal processing workflow involving filters, sliding windows, feature vectors, SVM kernels, and ambient noise management. It includes how we separate the vibration signal from a potential swipe surface and ambient noise. We explore both software and human factors influencing the signals: the former includes the computational techniques mentioned, while the latter encompasses swipe orientation, contact, and movement. Our findings show that the SVM classifies swipe surface signals with an accuracy of 69.61% when both devices are used, 97.59% with only the smartphone, and 99.79% with only the smartwatch. However, the classification accuracy drops to about 50% in field user studies simulating real-world conditions such as phone calls, typing, walking, and other undirected movements throughout the day. The decline in performance under these conditions suggests challenges in ambient noise discrimination, which this work discusses, along with potential strategies for improvement in future research.
Ball-Milling Enhanced UV Protection Performance of Ca2Fe-Sulisobenzone Layered Double Hydroxide Organic Clay
Authors: Szabados Márton , Mészáros Rebeka , Dobó Dorina Gabriella , Kónya Zoltán , Kukovecz Ákos , Sipos Pál
Published: September 2024

Using a co-precipitation technique, the anionic form of sulisobenzone (benzophenone-4) sunscreen ingredient was incorporated into the interlayer space of CaFe-hydrocalumite for the first time. Using detailed post-synthetic millings of the photoprotective nanocomposite obtained, we aimed to study the mechanochemical effects on complex, hybridized layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Various physicochemical properties of the ground and the intact LDHs were compared by powder X-ray diffractometry, N2 adsorption-desorption, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric measurements. The data showed significant structural and morphological deformations, surface and textural changes and multifarious thermal behavior. The most interesting development was the change in the optical properties of organic LDHs; the milling significantly improved the UV light blocking ability, especially around 320 nm. Spectroscopic results verified that this could be explained by a modification in interaction between the LDH layers and the sulisobenzone anions, through modulated π–π conjugation and light absorption of benzene rings. In addition to the vibrating mill often used in the laboratory, the photoprotection reinforcement can also be induced by the drum mill grinding system commonly applied in industry.
Longitudinal Dietary Intake Data in Patients with Phenylketonuria from Europe: The Impact of Age and Phenylketonuria Severity
Authors: Pinto Alex , Ahring Kirsten , Almeida Manuela Ferreira , Ashmore Catherine , Bélanger-Quintana Amaya , Burlina Alberto , Coşkun Turgay , Daly Anne , van Dam Esther , Dursun Ali , Evans Sharon , Feillet François , Giżewska Maria , Gökmen-Özel Hulya , Hickson Mary , Hoekstra Yteke , Ilgaz Fatma , Jackson Richard , Leśniak Alicja , Loro Christian , Malicka Katarzyna , Patalan Michał , Rocha Júlio César , Sivri Serap , Rodenburg Iris , van Spronsen Francjan , Strączek Kamilla , Tokatli Ayşegül , MacDonald Anita
Published: September 2024

In phenylketonuria (PKU), natural protein intake is thought to increase with age, particularly during childhood and adolescence. Longitudinal dietary intake data are scarce and lifelong phenylalanine tolerance remains unknown. Nine centres managing PKU in Europe and Turkey participated in a retrospective study. Data were collected from dietetic records between 2012 and 2018 on phenylalanine (Phe), natural protein, and protein substitute intake. A total of 1323 patients (age range: 1–57 y; 51% male) participated. Dietary intake data were available on 1163 (88%) patients. Patient numbers ranged from 59 to 320 in each centre. A total of 625 (47%) had classical PKU (cPKU), n = 357 (27%) had mild PKU (mPKU), n = 325 (25%) had hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), and n = 16 (1%) were unknown. The mean percentage of blood Phe levels within target ranged from 65 ± 54% to 88 ± 49%. When intake was expressed as g/day, the mean Phe/natural protein and protein equivalent from protein substitute gradually increased during childhood, reaching a peak in adolescence, and then remained consistent during adulthood. When intake was expressed per kg body weight (g/kg/day), there was a decline in Phe/natural protein, protein equivalent from protein substitute, and total protein with increasing age. Overall, the mean daily intake (kg/day) was as follows: Phe, 904 mg ± 761 (22 ± 23 mg/kg/day), natural protein 19 g ± 16 (0.5 g/kg/day ± 0.5), protein equivalent from protein substitute 39 g ± 22 (1.1 g/kg/day ± 0.6), and total protein 59 g ± 21 (1.7 g/kg/day ± 0.6). Natural protein tolerance was similar between males and females. Patients with mPKU tolerated around 50% less Phe/natural protein than HPA, but 50% more than cPKU. Higher intakes of natural protein were observed in Southern Europe, with a higher prevalence of HPA and mPKU compared with patients from Northern European centres. Natural protein intake doubled with sapropterin usage. In sapropterin-responsive patients, 31% no longer used protein substitutes. Close monitoring and optimisation of protein intake prescriptions are needed, along with future guidelines specifically for different age groups and severities.
Effects of Supplementation with Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins, Combined with High-Intensity Functional Training, on Exercise Performance and Body Composition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Posnakidis Georgios , Giannaki Christoforos D. , Mougios Vassilis , Pantzaris Marios , Patrikios Ioannis , Calder Philip C. , Sari Dina K. , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Aphamis George
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a supplement rich in ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidant vitamins on physical performance and body composition following a period of high-intensity functional training (HIFT). Nineteen healthy young adults (nine males, ten females) underwent an 8-week HIFT program (3 days·week−1) where they were randomized 1:1 into either the supplement group (SG)—n = 10, receiving a 20 mL daily dose of a dietary cocktail formula (Neuroaspis™ PLP10) containing a mixture of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs (12,150 mg), vitamin A (0.6 mg), vitamin E (22 mg), and γ-tocopherol (760 mg)—or the placebo group (PG)—n = 9, receiving a 20 mL daily dose of virgin olive oil. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and muscle endurance were assessed before and after the training period. Body mass did not change, but muscle mass increased by 1.7 ± 1.9% or 0.40 ± 0.53 kg in the SG (p = 0.021) and decreased by 1.2 ± 1.6% or 0.28 ± 0.43 kg (p = 0.097) in the PG, compared with baseline. VO2max, vertical jump, squat 1RM, bench press 1RM, and muscle endurance increased similarly in both groups. The effects of HIFT on physical performance parameters, muscle damage, and inflammation indices were not affected by the supplementation. In conclusion, HIFT combined with high doses of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and antioxidant vitamins resulted in a small but significant increase in muscle mass and fat reduction compared with HIFT alone.
The Prevalence and Prognosis of Cachexia in Patients with Non-Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kakehi Shingo , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Nagai Takako , Nishioka Shinta , Isono Eri , Otsuka Yukiko , Ninomiya Junki , Momosaki Ryo
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and prognosis of cachexia in patients with non-sarcopenic dysphagia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Japanese sarcopenic dysphagia database. Cachexia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Cachexia criteria, sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, and malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. Outcomes were death, swallowing function (Food Intake LEVEL Scale (FILS)), and activities of daily living (Barthel Index (BI)). The mean age of the 175 non-sarcopenic dysphagia patients was 77 (±11) years; 103 (59%) were male, 30 (17%) had cachexia, 133 (76%) had whole-body sarcopenia, and 92 (53%) were malnourished. Of the 30 patients with cachexia, 4 and 11 did not have sarcopenia and malnutrition, respectively. No significant associations were found between cachexia, sarcopenia, and malnutrition. Death was notably higher in the cachexia group (5/30; 17% vs. 2/145; 1%, p = 0.002). Median FILS (7 vs. 8, p = 0.585) and median BI (35 vs. 50, p = 0.469) scores did not show significant differences based on cachexia status. The prevalence of cachexia was 17%, and mortality may be higher with cachexia in non-sarcopenic dysphagia patients.
Bacteroides salyersiae Is a Candidate Probiotic Species with Potential Anti-Colitis Properties in the Human Colon: First Evidence from an In Vivo Mouse Model
Authors: Dai Wei , Lv Youjing , Quan Min , Ma Mingfeng , Shang Qingsen , Yu Guangli
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have indicated a critical role of intestinal bacteria in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). B. salyersiae is a commensal species from the human gut microbiota. However, what effect it has on UC development has not been investigated. In the present study, we explored this issue and demonstrated for the first time that oral administration of B. salyersiae CSP6, a bacterium previously isolated from the fecal sample of a healthy individual, protected against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. In particular, B. salyersiae CSP6 improved mucosal damage and attenuated gut dysbiosis in the colon of DSS-fed mice. Specifically, B. salyersiae CSP6 decreased the population of pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella spp. and increased the abundance of probiotic Dubosiella spp. and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Additionally, by reshaping the colonic microbiota, B. salyersiae CSP6 remarkably increased the fecal concentrations of equol, 8-deoxylactucin, and tiglic acid, three beneficial metabolites that have been well documented to exert strong anti-inflammatory effects. Altogether, our study provides novel evidence that B. salyersiae is a candidate probiotic species with potential anti-colitis properties in the human colon, which has applications for the development of next-generation probiotics.
Time-Restricted Eating Benefits on Pulmonary Function and Postural Balance in Overweight or Obese Women
Authors: Miladi Sarra , Hammouda Omar , Ameur Ranya , Miladi Sirine C. , Feki Walid , Driss Tarak
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) on neuro-physiological parameters, objective and subjective sleep, pulmonary capacity, and postural balance among women with excess body weight. Methods: Thirty-one participants were assigned to either a TRE group (n = 15, 28.74 ± 9.25 years, 88.32 ± 13.38 kg, and 32.71 ± 5.15 kg/m2), engaging in ad libitum 16 h fasting over a 12-week period, or a control group (CG, n = 16, 36.25 ± 11.52 years, 90.88 ± 19.01 kg, and 33.66 ± 6.18 kg/m2). The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV), spirometric parameters (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/ FVC ratio, objective and subjective sleep assessments employing actigraphy and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and postural balance using the Y balance test (YBT) were conducted before and after the intervention. Results: No significant negative effects of TRE were observed for HRV and objective sleep parameters. Only the TRE group improved FEV1 in both sitting (p < 0.0005) and supine positions (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the TRE group showed improvement in postural balance performance compared to the CG in anterior (p = 0.03), postero-medial (p = 0.04), and postero-lateral directions (p = 0.003). Conclusion: This study highlights TRE as a feasible and safe dietary intervention with significant improvements in postural balance and pulmonary function, without any negative impact on HRV or objective sleep assessments among overweight or obese women.
Irruption of Network Analysis to Explain Dietary, Psychological and Nutritional Patterns and Metabolic Health Status in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese University Students: Ecuadorian Case
Authors: Aguirre-Quezada María Alejandra , Aranda-Ramírez María Pilar
Published: September 2024

Background. The association between dietary nutritional patterns, psychological factors, and metabolic health status has not been investigated in university students. There are studies that include numerous variables to test hypotheses from various theoretical bases, but due to their complexity, they have not been studied in combination. The scientific community recognizes the use of Gaussian graphical models (GGM) as a set of novel methods capable of addressing this. Objective. To apply GGMs to derive specific networks for groups of healthy and unhealthy obese individuals that represent nutritional, psychological, and metabolic patterns in an Ecuadorian population. Methodology. This was a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study conducted on a sample of 230 obese/overweight university students, selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. To assess usual dietary intake, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used; to evaluate psychological profiles (anxiety, depression, and stress), the DASS-21 scale was employed; blood pressure and anthropometric data were collected; and insulin levels, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were determined using fasting blood samples. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were applied to identify metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals. Statistical analysis relied on univariate methods (frequencies, measures of central tendency, and dispersion), and the relationships were analyzed through networks. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups. Results. In metabolically unhealthy obese individuals, GGMs identified a primary network consisting of the influence of waist circumference on blood pressure and insulin levels. In the healthy obese group, a different network was identified, incorporating stress and anxiety variables that influenced blood pressure, anthropometry, and insulin levels. Other identified networks show the dynamics of obesity and the effect of waist circumference on triglycerides, anxiety, and riboflavin intake. Conclusions. GGMs are an exploratory method that can be used to construct networks that illustrate the behavior of obesity in the studied population. In the future, the identified networks could form the basis for updating obesity management protocols in Primary Care Units and supporting clinical interventions in Ecuador.
Assessing the Validity of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels for Evaluating the Healthiness of Mediterranean Food Choices: A Global Comparison
Authors: Fernandez-Alonso Julia , Lamas-Mendoza María del Mar , Rodriguez-Sanchez Nidia , Galloway Stuart D. R. , Gravina Leyre
Published: September 2024

In response to growing public health concerns, governments worldwide have implemented various nutrition labelling schemes to promote healthier eating habits. This study aimed to assess the consistency and effectiveness of these labels in an out-of-home context, specifically focusing on restaurant, hospitality, and institutional food service settings. In total, 178 different dishes from Spain were analysed using labels from the Mazocco method, the UK’s traffic light system, the Health Star Rating (Australia), Nutri-Score (France), multiple traffic lights (Ecuador), and warning labels (Chile and Uruguay). The results demonstrated a generally low level of agreement among these labels (K < 0.40), indicating notable variability and a lack of consensus, which could hinder consumers’ ability to make informed food choices in out-of-home settings. Nutri-Score classified the highest number of dishes as unhealthy (38%). This study underscores the need for an easy-to-understand labelling system tailored to each country’s culinary and socio-cultural contexts to improve consumer decision-making in various dining environments. Future research should focus on developing and testing qualitative methods to more accurately gauge the nutritional quality of cooked dishes in diverse out-of-home settings, thereby enhancing public health outcomes. By addressing the specific needs of the home, restaurants, hospitality, and institutional food services, tailored labelling schemes could significantly improve consumers’ ability to make healthier food choices.
Effect of Lactational Low-Protein Diet on Skeletal Muscle during Adulthood and Ageing in Male and Female Mouse Offspring
Authors: Alameddine Moussira , Altinpinar Atilla Emre , Ersoy Ufuk , Kanakis Ioannis , Myrtziou Ioanna , Ozanne Susan E. , Goljanek-Whysall Katarzyna , Vasilaki Aphrodite
Published: September 2024

Sarcopenia is characterised by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which leads to a high risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Maternal malnutrition has been linked to impaired development of skeletal muscle of the offspring; however, there are limited studies that report the long-term effect of a maternal low-protein diet during lactation on the ageing of skeletal muscles. This study aimed to examine how a maternal low-protein diet (LPD) during lactation affects skeletal muscle ageing in the offspring. Pups born from control mothers were lactated by mothers fed with an LPD. Post-weaning, mice were either maintained on an LPD or switched to a control, normal-protein diet (NPD). In males, an LPD mainly affected the size of the myofibres without a major effect on fibre number and led to reduced grip strength in ageing mice (24 months). Female mice from mothers on an LPD had a lower body and muscle weight at weaning but caught up with control mice at 3 months. During ageing, the muscle weight, myofibre number and survival rate of female pups were significantly affected. These findings highlight the effect of an LPD during lactation on skeletal muscle ageing, the lifespan of offspring and the importance of sexual dimorphism in response to dietary challenges.
Alcohol Intake and Prevalent Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018
Authors: Shringi Sandipan , Raker Christina A. , Chonchol Michel , Tang Jie
Published: September 2024

The association of alcohol intake with kidney stone disease (KSD) is not clear based on current clinical evidence. We examined the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 and used logistic regression analyses to determine the independent association between alcohol intake and prevalent KSD. In total, 29,684 participants were eligible for the final analysis, including 2840 prevalent stone formers (SFs). The mean alcohol intake was 37.0 ± 2.4 g/day among SFs compared to 42.7 ± 0.9 among non-SFs (p = 0.04). Beer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.94, p = 0.01] and wine (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.96, p = 0.03) intakes were strongly associated with lower odds of prevalent KSD, while liquor intake had no association. Furthermore, the effects of beer and wine intakes on stone formation were dose-dependent. The OR for comparing participants drinking 1–14 g/day of beer to non-drinkers was 1.41 (95%CI: 0.97–2.05, p = 0.07), that of >14–≤28 g/day of beer to non-drinkers was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.42–1.00, p = 0.05), that of >28–≤56 g/day of beer to non-drinkers was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39–0.93, p = 0.02), and that of >56 g/day of beer to non-drinkers was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20–0.57, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the effect of wine intake was only significant among participants drinking moderate amounts (>14–28 g/day), with an OR of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.36–0.81, p = 0.003) compared to non-drinkers, but this effect was lost when comparing low-level (1–14 g/day) and heavy (>28 g/day) wine drinkers to non-drinkers. These effects were consistent in spline models. This study suggests that both moderate to heavy beer intake and moderate wine intake are associated with a reduced risk of KSD. Future prospective studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship.