bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bedaquiline in the postoperative period of complex therapy of tuberculosis
Authors: Kondakova M. N. , Kovaleva R. G. , Tyarasova K. G. , Elkin A. V. , Khorkova S. M.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The experience of domestic phthisiatry, which has been using bedaquiline for more than 10 years, testifies to the efficacy and safety of the drug for the treatment of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. At the present stage, the evaluation of the effect and safety of bedaquiline in the postoperative stage of chemotherapy, including patients with HIV/tuberculosis co-infection, becomes the most relevant.

Aim. To evaluate the results of bedaquiline application in the postoperative stage of complex tuberculosis therapy.

Materials and methods. Results of a retrospective study of medical records of 57 patients. The inclusion criterion was the surgery performed for tuberculosis and the presence of bedaquiline in the postoperative chemotherapy regimen. Frequency of tuberculosis progression 1 month after surgery was evaluated as an efficacy criterion. The frequency of QTc interval prolongation with clinical manifestations, frequency and nature of hepatotoxic reactions were evaluated as the drug safety criterion.

Results. In the absolute majority of patients – 54 (94.7%) postoperative period, during which bedaquiline was used, proceeded without complications. Cases of tuberculosis progression were observed only in patients with severe concomitant diseases. Undesirable side effects on bedaquiline were observed in 9 (15.8%) patients, the absolute majority of patients resumed taking the drug in full after drug correction. The average duration of bedaquiline prescription was 282 ± 5 doses.

Conclusions. The use of bedaquiline in the postoperative period increases the effectiveness of complex therapy and prevents progression of tuberculosis and according to our data should be regarded as safe. Administration of bedaquiline in patients with HIV/tuberculosis co-infection also contributes to the positive result of the therapy. Repeated courses of bedaquiline after surgical intervention, including in patients with HIV/tuberculosis co-infection, prevent progression of tuberculosis in the postoperative period. The tolerability of the bedaquiline-containing regimen in this category of patients, including long courses of more than 24 weeks, was assessed as quite satisfactory.
Efficacy of triple targeted therapy against chronic rhinosinusitis in children with cystic fibrosis (case series)
Authors: Polyakov D. P. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Voronkova A. Y. , Ramazanova P. I.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with underlying cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most challenging inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses (PNS). The treatment of CF in general and CF-associated CRS in particular keeps developing exponentially: special drug delivery systems have been invented, drugs purpose-developed for the treatment of patients with CF (dornase alfa) are used, and radicality of surgical intervention is increasing. In recent years, CF innovative targeted therapy has been introduced. It aims to improve the course of the bronchopulmonary infectious and inflammatory process, nutritional status and pancreatic function, but its efficacy in relation to the PNS condition is still insufficiently studied.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of ivacaftor/elexacaftor/tezacaftor therapy for CF sinonasal manifestations in children and to determine possible parallels of the CRS course vs other characteristics of the CF course.

Materials and methods. A total of 15 children with CF receiving triple targeted therapy were included in the first series of observations. Computed tomography (CT) scans were assessed using the Lund-Mackay scores (LMS) before and 7.6 ± 3.0 months after starting the therapy. In addition, the changes in sweat chloride levels and pulmonary function test results were taken into account. The control group included 11 patients with comparable initial radiographic data who did not receive such therapy.

Results and discussion. The treatment group showed a significant improvement in the PNS condition in the form of a decrease in the LMS scores from 15.6 ± 4.5 to 2.1 ± 3.0 (p = 0.001) with inhomogeneous changes vs different PNS groups. A certain parallelism between changes in the CT view and the level of sweat chlorides and pulmonary function test results was reported. In the control group, a nonsignificant deterioration in the course of CRS was observed (from 12.3 ± 6.3 to 14.6 ± 4.9 scores according to LMS; p = 0.108).

Conclusions. The study demonstrated high efficacy of CF triple targeted therapy with ivacaftor/elexacaftor/tezacaftor in relation to the severe CRS with a rapid onset of effect in the form of PNS pneumatization restoration according to CT findings.
Possible perspectives for using phytoadaptogens in post-COVID period
Authors: Sankova M. V. , Mesitskaya D. F. , Andreev D. A. , Sankov A. V.
Published: November 2023

Currently the new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a serious public health problem. The fight against this virus includes a continuous search not only for the optimal treatment of the disease itself, but also for the full rehabilitation of patients in the postcovid period. Given the clinical variability and the need for one-stage correcting functions of many systems and organs after this disease, it seems appropriate to use in the recovery of these patients plant adaptogens, which have multiple effects on the body. Our review demonstrates the phytoadaptogen uniqueness in their mild multidirectional impact on neuroendocrine-immune regulation, which leads to the correcton of physiological functions disturbed during the disease. Plantl adaptogens were shown to help reduce pathological changes in the lungs, have antihypoxic and antioxidant effects, exhibit psychotropic and neuroprotective properties, influence on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular system activity, support immune homeostasis and have a general adaptogenic effect. In addition, these biologics enhance the effectiveness of the entire complex therapy and allow neutralizing the side effects of the jointly taken synthetic drugs. To achieve the optimal effect of phytoadaptogens in post-COVID-19 patients it is preferable to use adaptogenic plant combinations, taking into account the mutually reinforcing pharmacological plant properties and leading pathognomonic syndromes. The phytoadaptogen use in the post-COVID-19 patient treatment will contribute to their psychoemotional stabilization, immunoresistance increase, pathological change regression in organs and tissues, mental and physical performance improvement, which will eventually improve the life quality of recovered from COVID-19 patients and preserve public health.
Selection of effective therapy for inflammatory diseases of the pharynx
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Vysockaya S. S. , Fanta I. V. , Aleksanian Yu. S.
Published: November 2023

Inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract and pharynx occupy a leading position both in terms of the frequency of visits to an otolaryngologist and in the variety of pathogenic factors that cause processes accompanied by sore throat. With an inflammatory process occurring in the lymphoid ring of the pharynx, symptoms are usually caused by local factors, so local treatment, both anti-inflammatory and analgesic, is especially important. However, according to the literature, in most cases systemic antibacterial therapy is prescribed. According to modern concepts, it is known that systemic antimicrobial agents should be prescribed strictly according to indications, since the viral etiology of the inflammatory process is the most common. Based on this point of view, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective. In turn, according to many studies, preparations of the lysine salt of ketoprofen have shown their effectiveness in relieving symptoms without leading to the development of obvious side effects. Based on a review of literature data, it is shown that the lysine salt of ketoprofen has a wide therapeutic potential, good tolerability, and ease of use, which allows us to recommend this drug for use in patients with acute inflammatory processes in the pharynx caused by both microbial and viral agents. This drug is one of the most effective because there is no interaction with other drugs, and it can be used as part of combination therapy with antiseptics. If it is necessary to carry out antibacterial therapy for the treatment of an acute or exacerbation of a chronic process in the pharyngeal cavity, the drug of choice can be considered a third-generation semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration with a broad spectrum of action, cefixime.
Priority choice of topical antibacterial drugs in the commonly accepted paradigm of acute rhinosinusitis treatment
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Ryazantsev S. V. , Turieva V. V. , Krasheninnikova L. S.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. In the complex therapy of acute rhinosinusitis, topical drugs with different mechanisms of action and influence on the main links in the pathogenesis of acute infectious lesions of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses are widely used. Local drugs with antibacterial, as well as mucolytic and vasoconstrictor effects do not inhibit mucociliary clearance, have a convenient release form and ensure dosing accuracy with each use.

Aim. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of the use in complex therapy of a topical antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group in combination with a drug having vasoconstrictive and mucolytic effects of domestic production in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients with a verified diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis of moderate severity aged 18 to 68 years, who were divided into two groups. Patients of the first group (n = 15), in addition to complex treatment (antibacterial, antihistamine and unloading therapy, anti-inflammatory and puncture treatment), used a drug with a bactericidal effect from the group of aminoglycosides (Tramicent). Patients of the second group (n = 15) supplemented the same treatment with a drug with mucolytic and vasoconstrictive action (Rhinostein®). The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated based on the results of three visits to the doctor within two weeks.

Results. The positive dynamics of the subjective and objective status of patients in both study groups was noted. By the 3rd visit (10–14 days), the severity of clinical manifestations in patients who used two drugs Tramicent and Rhinostein® as additional therapy was 2 times lower than at the first visit compared with the group of patients who used only Tramicent as additional therapy. The absence of complaints after treatment in the 2nd group was noted by 15% of the examined, in the 1st – 10%.

Conclusions. Topical drug from the group of aminoglycosides containing the active substance framycetin sulfate (Tramicent) in the form of a spray is a safe and effective remedy in the complex therapy of bacterial rhinosinusitis, and its use in combination with the drug mucolytic and vasoconstrictive action (Rhinostein®) significantly reduces the duration of treatment and improves the quality of life of patients.
Effects of micro-bubble aeration on the pollutant removal and energy-efficient process in a floc–granule sludge coexistence system
Authors: Liu Minghui , Wang Ju , Peng Zhaoxu
Published: November 2023

To investigate energy-saving approaches in wastewater treatment plants and decrease aeration energy consumption, this study successfully established a floc–granule coexistence system in a sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR) employing micro-bubble aeration. The analysis focused on granule formation and pollutant removal under various aeration intensities, and compared its performance with a traditional floc-based coarse-bubble aeration system. The results showed that granulation efficiency was positively associated with aeration intensity, which enhanced the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and facilitated granule formation. The SBAR with the micro-aeration intensity of 30 mL·min−1 showed the best granulation performance (granulation efficiency 52.6%). In contrast to the floc-based system, the floc–granule coexistence system showed better treatment performance, and the best removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, TN, and TP were 100.0, 77.0, and 89.5%, respectively. The floc–granule coexistence system also enriched higher abundance of nutrients removal microbial species, such as Nitrosomonas (0.05–0.14%), Nitrospira (0.14–2.32%), Azoarcus (2.95–12.17%), Thauera (0.43–1.95%), and Paracoccus (0.76–2.89%). The energy-saving potential was evaluated, which indicated it is feasible for the micro-aeration floc–granule coexistence system to decrease the aeration consumption by 14.4% as well as improve the effluent.
Assessment of sustainable drainage strategies in urban water systems using urban water metabolism and multi-criteria decision analyses
Authors: Garcia Maria Vitória da Silva , Moruzzi Rodrigo Braga , Behzadian Kourosh
Published: November 2023

The simulation of urban water metabolism (UWM) allows for the tracking of all water, energy, and material flows within urban water systems (UWSs) and the quantification of their performance, including emissions into the air, water, and soil. This study evaluates seven drainage strategies (DSs) within conventional and sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDSs) using UWM and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA). The DSs were designed to assess their corresponding UWM performances, employing key performance indicators (KPIs) related to sewer system balance, energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, acidification, eutrophication, contamination, and sludge production. The outcomes were ranked using the compromise programming MCDA model. The top three strategies were permeable pavements, green spaces, and infiltration trenches and sand filters. The approach used for the evaluation of DS can provide valuable insights for decision-makers, support the promotion of sustainable integrated UWS management and adaptation, and accommodate design variations in urban drainage. Sensitivity analysis on uncertain parameters and KPI selection also contributed to robust and sustainable urban drainage solutions.
The Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Hesperidin: Hesperidin Nanocarriers as Promising Therapeutic Options for Diabetes
Authors: Kaviani Fatemeh , Baratpour Iraj , Ghasemi Sorayya
Published: November 2023

:

A natural flavonoid with exceptional medicinal capabilities, hesperidin, has
shown encouraging results in the treatment of diabetes. Thoughts are still being held
on the particular processes through which hesperidin exerts its anti-diabetic effects.
This work clarifies the complex antidiabetic mechanisms of hesperidin by investigating
the molecular pathways involved in glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, and
oxidative stress control. Additionally, the article explores the newly developing field of
nanocarrier-based systems as a prospective means of boosting the therapeutic
efficiency of hesperidin in the treatment of diabetes. This is because there are
difficulties connected with the efficient delivery of hesperidin. These cutting-edge
platforms show enormous potential for changing diabetes therapy by utilizing the
benefits of nanocarriers, such as enhanced solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. In
conclusion, our comprehensive review emphasizes the antidiabetic potential of
hesperidin and underscores the intriguing possibilities provided by hesperidin
nanocarriers in the search for more effective and individualized diabetes therapies.
Bandwidth-enhanced FSS-loaded Semi-circular Patch Antenna for C-band Applications
Authors: Akash Umapathi , Balachandar Sujithrajan , Surapuramath Kavya , Badanikai Manas , Dwarakanath Varun
Published: November 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to develop and analyse a bandwidth-enhanced C band antenna
loaded with EBG and FSS Structures to improve the antenna performance.

Methods:

This paper illustrates the design of a semi-circular microstrip antenna with a modified circular
ring Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) and an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure for
improved bandwidth and an omnidirectional pattern. The patch antenna is aimed at C-Band intersatellite
communication links in a constellation.

Results and Discussion:

In literature, the application of EBG and FSS together is seldom used. The
semicircular patch is aimed at retaining the omnidirectional antenna pattern at higher frequencies, as
well as bandwidth, which is achieved through FSS and EBG structures. The modeling and simulation of
the antenna have been carried out with 3D EM solvers. The simulated patch antenna operates in a wideband
ranging from 4.1 GHz to 7.1 GHz with a gain of 1.9 dB at 5.33 GHz and 1.4 dB at 4.5 GHz.

Conclusion:

The proposed antenna design is vertically polarized. The simulation results are validated
with measurement results.
The Role of Functional Genomics to Fight the Abiotic Stresses for Better Crop Quality and Production
Authors: Sharma Neha , Choudhary Bharti , Sharma Nimisha
Published: November 2023

Plant quality, growth, yield and productivity are repeatedly affected by
different abiotic stresses. It sometimes becomes a major upcoming threat to food
security when the stress is on some staple crops. Stress-associated gene expression or
no expression leads to abiotic stress tolerance, which is an outcome of complex signal
transduction networks. Different plants have evolved with diverse, complex signaling
networks concerning abiotic stresses. With the advancement of bioinformatics and
functional genomics, in particular, many researchers have identified many genes
related to abiotic stress tolerance in different crops, which are being used as a
promising improvement in abiotic stresses. Different techniques of genome editing also
play an important role in combating abiotic stresses. This chapter represents the
knowledge regarding stress-tolerant mechanisms using technologies related to the field
of functional genomics and may benefit the researchers in designing more efficient
breeding programs and eventually for the farmers to acquire stress-tolerant and high-yielding crops to raise their income in the future.
The Effects of Supplemental Vitamin C in Mandibular Fracture Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lassig Amy Anne , Wilson Anna , Jungbauer Walter , Joseph Anne , Lindgren Bruce , Odland Rick
Published: November 2023

Vitamin C is an oxidative stress mediator and essential cofactor in wound healing. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and biochemical effects of vitamin C supplementation on outcomes in patients undergoing mandibular fracture repair. We also aimed to evaluate the effects of sociodemographic, fracture, and treatment characteristics on post-operative clinical outcomes in these patients. The investigators conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial at Two Metropolitan, Level 1 Trauma Centers to prospectively evaluate the effects of vitamin C vs. placebo in a mandibular fracture population stratified by smoking and fracture status (open vs. closed). The study was conducted at two safety-net hospitals, enrolling a cohort of heavily underserved patients. Forty-five subjects were evaluated. We found decreased overall post-operative complications, decreased wound infection, and some improved bone healing outcomes in the vitamin C group compared to placebo, however, none of these outcomes reached statistical significance. Vitamin C intervention showed a signal of improved clinical and biological wound healing which was not statistically significant. Additionally, significant associations between patient characteristics and post-operative outcomes were identified. Older subjects and those with co-existent trauma were more likely to have increased healthcare utilization, and increased time from injury to surgery was significantly associated with frank infection. Prescription of additional opioids outside of standard practice was significantly associated with a need for additional wound care, increased emergency room visits, and any post-operative complication. Further investigation is needed to evaluate these findings in a larger study population, yet Vitamin C remains a low-risk, inexpensive potential means to improve wound healing outcomes after acute facial trauma.
A Machine Learning–Based Preclinical Osteoporosis Screening Tool (POST): Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Yang Qingling , Cheng Huilin , Qin Jing , Loke Alice Yuen , Ngai Fei Wan , Chong Ka Chun , Zhang Dexing , Gao Yang , Wang Harry Haoxiang , Liu Zhaomin , Hao Chun , Xie Yao Jie
Published: November 2023

Background

Identifying persons with a high risk of developing osteoporosis and preventing the occurrence of the first fracture is a health care priority. Most existing osteoporosis screening tools have high sensitivity but relatively low specificity.

Objective

We aimed to develop an easily accessible and high-performance preclinical risk screening tool for osteoporosis using a machine learning–based method among the Hong Kong Chinese population.

Methods

Participants aged 45 years or older were enrolled from 6 clinics in the 3 major districts of Hong Kong. The potential risk factors for osteoporosis were collected through a validated, self-administered questionnaire and then filtered using a machine learning–based method. Bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the clinics; osteoporosis was defined as a t score of −2.5 or lower. We constructed machine learning models, including gradient boosting machines, support vector machines, and naive Bayes, as well as the commonly used logistic regression models, for the prediction of osteoporosis. The best-performing model was chosen as the final tool, named the Preclinical Osteoporosis Screening Tool (POST). Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and other metrics.

Results

Among the 800 participants enrolled in this study, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 10.6% (n=85). The machine learning–based Boruta algorithm identified 15 significantly important predictors from the 113 potential risk factors. Seven variables were further selected based on their accessibility and convenience for daily self-assessment and health care practice, including age, gender, education level, decreased body height, BMI, number of teeth lost, and the intake of vitamin D supplements, to construct the POST. The AUC of the POST was 0.86 and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were all 0.83. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score were 0.41, 0.98, and 0.56, respectively.

Conclusions

The machine learning–based POST was conveniently accessible and exhibited accurate discriminative capabilities for the prediction of osteoporosis; it might be useful to guide population-based preclinical screening of osteoporosis and clinical decision-making.
Derm-ographics: The Australian Dermatologist and Social Media
Authors: Rowson Antonia C , Rowson Saskia J
Published: November 2023

Social media significantly affects how patients understand their health and choose their healthcare providers, yet Australian dermatologists have a limited online presence compared to their global peers.
Correlation Between Remote Symptom Reporting by Caregivers and Adverse Clinical Outcomes: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Yunis Reem , Fonda Stephanie J , Longmire Michelle , Veuthey Tess L , Shieh Jennifer , Aghaee Sara , Kubo Ai , Davis Sharon W , Liu Raymond , Neeman Elad
Published: November 2023

Background

Timely collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) decreases emergency department visits and hospitalizations and increases survival. However, little is known about the outcome predictivity of unpaid informal caregivers’ reporting using similar clinical outcome assessments.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess whether caregivers and adults with cancer adhered to a planned schedule for electronically collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and if PROs were associated with future clinical events.

Methods

We developed 2 iPhone apps to collect PROs, one for patients with cancer and another for caregivers. We enrolled 52 patient-caregiver dyads from Kaiser Permanente Northern California in a nonrandomized study. Participants used the apps independently for 4 weeks. Specific clinical events were obtained from the patients’ electronic health records up to 6 months following the study. We used logistic and quasi-Poisson regression analyses to test associations between PROs and clinical events.

Results

Participants completed 97% (251/260) of the planned Patient-Reported Outcomes Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) surveys and 98% (254/260) of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys. PRO-CTCAE surveys completed by caregivers were associated with patients’ hospitalizations or emergency department visits, grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events, dose reductions (P<.05), and hospice referrals (P=.03). PROMIS surveys completed by caregivers were associated with hospice referrals (P=.02). PRO-CTCAE surveys completed by patients were not associated with any clinical events, but their baseline PROMIS surveys were associated with mortality (P=.03), while their antecedent or final PROMIS surveys were associated with all clinical events examined except for total days of treatment breaks.

Conclusions

In this study, caregivers and patients completed PROs using smartphone apps as requested. The association of caregiver PRO-CTCAE surveys with patient clinical events suggests that this is a feasible approach to reducing patient burden in clinical trial data collection and may help provide early information about increasing symptom severity.
JMIR Perioperative Medicine: A Global Journal for Publishing Interdisciplinary Innovations, Research, and Perspectives
Authors: Rohatgi Nidhi
Published: November 2023

JMIR Perioperative Medicine supports the dissemination of technological and data science–driven innovative research conducted by interdisciplinary teams in perioperative medicine. We invite contributions on a broad range of topics from clinicians, scientists, and allied health professionals from across the globe.
Use of Consumer Wearables in Health Research: Issues and Considerations (Preprint)
Authors: Dobson Rosie , Stowell Melanie , Warren Jim , Tane Taria , Ni Lin , Gu Yulong , McCool Judith , Whittaker Robyn
Published: November 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

As wearable devices, which allow individuals to track and self-manage their health, become more ubiquitous, the opportunities are growing for researchers to use these sensors within interventions and for data collection. They offer access to data that are captured continuously, passively, and pragmatically with minimal user burden, providing huge advantages for health research. However, the growth in their use must be coupled with consideration of their potential limitations, in particular, digital inclusion, data availability, privacy, ethics of third-party involvement, data quality, and potential for adverse consequences. In this paper, we discuss these issues and strategies used to prevent or mitigate them and recommendations for researchers using wearables as part of interventions or for data collection.
Agreement Between Apple Watch and Actical Step Counts in a Community Setting: Cross-Sectional Investigation From the Framingham Heart Study (Preprint)
Authors: Spartano Nicole L , Zhang Yuankai , Liu Chunyu , Chernofsky Ariel , Lin Honghuang , Trinquart Ludovic , Borrelli Belinda , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H , Kheterpal Vik , Nowak Christopher , Vasan Ramachandran S , Benjamin Emelia J , McManus David D , Murabito Joanne M
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Step counting is comparable among many research-grade and consumer-grade accelerometers in laboratory settings.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to compare the agreement between Actical and Apple Watch step-counting in a community setting.

METHODS

Among Third Generation Framingham Heart Study participants (N=3486), we examined the agreement of step-counting between those who wore a consumer-grade accelerometer (Apple Watch Series 0) and a research-grade accelerometer (Actical) on the same days. Secondarily, we examined the agreement during each hour when both devices were worn to account for differences in wear time between devices.

RESULTS

We studied 523 participants (n=3223 person-days, mean age 51.7, SD 8.9 years; women: n=298, 57.0%). Between devices, we observed modest correlation (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.56, 95% CI 0.54-0.59), poor continuous agreement (29.7%, n=957 of days having steps counts with ≤15% difference), a mean difference of 499 steps per day higher count by Actical, and wide limits of agreement, roughly ±9000 steps per day. However, devices showed stronger agreement in identifying who meets various steps per day thresholds (eg, at 8000 steps per day, kappa coefficient=0.49), for which devices were concordant for 74.8% (n=391) of participants. In secondary analyses, in the hours during which both devices were worn (n=456 participants, n=18,760 person-hours), the correlation was much stronger (ICC 0.86, 95% CI 0.85-0.86), but continuous agreement remained poor (27.3%, n=5115 of hours having step counts with ≤15% difference) between devices and was slightly worse for those with mobility limitations or obesity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our investigation suggests poor overall agreement between steps counted by the Actical device and those counted by the Apple Watch device, with stronger agreement in discriminating who meets certain step thresholds. The impact of these challenges may be minimized if accelerometers are used by individuals to determine whether they are meeting physical activity guidelines or tracking step counts. It is also possible that some of the limitations of these older accelerometers may be improved in newer devices.
Traditional Village Classification Model Based on Transformer Network
Authors: Zhong Qi
Published: November 2023

The study of traditional villages holds significant implications in cultural, historical, and societal contexts. Despite the considerable research focus on the architectural styles of Qiang, Tibetan, Han, and Hui ethnic villages due to their distinctiveness, rapidly and accurately identifying the types of traditional villages in practical surveys remains a challenge. To address this issue, this paper establishes an aerial image dataset for Qiang, Tibetan, Han, and Hui ethnic villages and introduces a specialized feature extraction network, Transformer-Village, designed for the classification and detection of traditional villages using deep learning algorithms. The overall structure of the network is lightweight, incorporating condconv dynamic convolution as the core layer structure; furthermore, a spatial self-attention-related feature extraction network is designed based on Transformer. In conclusion, through simulated experiments, Transformer-Village coupled with the YOLO detector achieves a 97.2% mAP on the test set, demonstrating superior detection accuracy compared to other baseline models. Overall, the experimental results suggest that this work is feasible and practical.
Biodegradation Assay of Heavy Metals and Dyes Decolorization in Textile Industrial Effluent using Laccase Isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Johnnie D. Alwin , Issac Reya , Prabha M. Lakshmi , Gomez Levin Anbu
Published: November 2023

This study focused on the isolation of laccase enzyme from the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and its application in the biodegradation of various pollutants present in textile industrial effluent, including chemicals, ions, salts, heavy metals, brittle metals, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, minerals, total hardness, total alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and dyes. Textile industrial effluent poses a significant threat to the environment, contaminating water bodies and posing risks to human, animal, and plant life. This study employed an economical and ecofriendly biological approach for wastewater treatment, distinguishing it from traditional physical and chemical methods. The optimum temperature of laccase is found to be 30 degree Celsius and pH is 3. Enzyme activity of laccase is 7.25 U/ml. This fugal laccase decolorizes textile Industrial dye effluent containing various dyes, such as Turquoise VG, Black B, Yellow R, Methyl red, Trypan blue, and Acid Orange 7. Laccase depicts maximum decolorization efficacy on Black B dye. Similarly, Laccase from P.ostreatus shows higher decolorization efficacy when compared to other fungal laccase. Additionally, the study assessed the biodegradation of various wastewater quality parameters, including physical and chemical parameters like toxic heavy metals and ions. This research of isolation, characterization, and utilizing laccase from P. ostreatus for the bioremediation of textile industrial effluent wastewater containing dyes, toxic chemicals, ions and metals is effective, economical and ecofriendly.
ResQAlert: Proficient Crash Detection and Alert System
Authors: Mahajan V.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In response to the urgent need for automated vehicle crash detection and its potential to increase road safety while reducing crash severity, this study introduces an innovative and novel approach. It focuses on using deep learning techniques for image recognition in videos to predict the likelihood of an accident. Specifically, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was carefully constructed using TensorFlow and Keras and trained on a diverse and carefully annotated dataset covering a wide range of road scenarios. These scenarios include different conditions such as the presence of vehicles, pedestrians and different road conditions. To ensure maximum model performance, the model is optimized with the Adam optimizer and includes training using sparse stratified cross-entropy loss. Furthermore, Checkpoint model calls are carefully used to protect the best models during the training process. The overall objective of this research project is to provide an efficient and accurate real-time solution for collision detection and the ultimate goal is to make a significant contribution. This will lead to improved traffic safety. This has the potential not only to prevent accidents, but also to reduce their severity, thereby significantly improving the safety and efficiency of transportation and ultimately improving the overall well-being of society.
Development Of Solar Powered Static Wireless Charging System For Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chaple Rahul G.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Electric vehicles have been introduced to the contemporary world, aligning with the increasing integration of new technologies into daily life. Despite the use of electric vehicles, certain limitations persist, including issues such as heating during charging, potential charging depletion, a scarcity of charging stations, and the high installation cost of such stations. Addressing these challenges, this project proposes a wireless electric vehicle charging station with monitoring capabilities. The aims include preventing overcharging, monitoring battery levels, ensuring cost-effectiveness, promoting eco-friendliness, and strategically placing charging stations in urban areas. The project specifically focuses on the design of a solar-powered electric vehicle charging system, offering a solution to the key issues of fuel dependency and environmental pollution. Electric vehicles have gained global traction and are progressively becoming more prevalent. Beyond their environmental advantages, electric vehicles contribute to cost reduction by substituting electricity for fuel, which is a more economical alternative. This project presents an innovative solution for EV charging, eliminating the need for wires, enabling charging while in motion, harnessing solar power to sustain the charging system, and operating without external power supply requirements. The system incorporates components such as a solar panel, battery, transformer, regulator circuitry, copper coils, AC to DC converter, Atmega controller, and LCD display. Through this integration, the system showcases the wireless charging capability for electric vehicles at charging stations. The LCD display provides real-time information on the total cost, eliminating the necessity for halting the vehicle during the charging process. In summary, the project demonstrates the viability of a solar-powered wireless charging system for electric vehicles, presenting a forward-looking approach to integration.
Survey on Air Pollution in India: Insights, Predictions, and Mixed Gas Analysis for an Improved Future
Authors: T Somasekhar
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The sustenance of life on Earth is intricately tied to the quality of our air. But this precious resource is facing mounting threats from the harmful consequences of rapid industrialization, transportation networks, and the everyday practices of modern living. This research paper addresses the pressing issue of rising air pollution in India, with a strong emphasis on environmental well-being. Utilizing data from the Central Pollution Control Board of India (CPCB), our project focuses on air quality visualization, pollution prediction, and mixed gas analysis. We have developed an intuitive web-based platform for visualizing air quality data, offering a valuable tool for the public and policymakers. Additionally, predictive models are employed to anticipate pollution levels, facilitating timely intervention and mitigation. Our mixed gas analysis sheds light on the composition of atmospheric gases, enhancing our understanding of pollution sources. Through this interdisciplinary approach, our research aims to provide a comprehensive solution to combat air pollution, fostering environmental sustainability and public health improvement in India
A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Trading
Authors: Ghorpade Yash
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The problem we are facing is how to efficiently use renewable energy sources like solar and wind, which are sometimes unpredictable. Current energy systems struggle to handle this unpredictability, which can lead to wasted energy and more pollution. There is also a lack of trust and transparency in the energy market. The effective tracking and management of renewable energy present complex challenges. Traditional energy tracking systems often lack transparency, security and trust among stakeholders, hindering the realization of a fully sustainable energy ecosystem. To fix these issues, we are looking at using blockchain technology. Blockchain is like a secure and transparent digital ledger. It can help automate energy trading and make it more trustworthy. By using smart contracts, we can make sure energy transactions happen quickly and with fewer costs. We will also use data analytics and devices that connect to the internet to better predict when we will have energy and how to use it efficiently. Our solution is to create a platform for renewable energy trading using blockchain. We will use technologies like Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum to make sure everything works securely. Smart contracts will help with automatic energy trading, and AI will help us predict when we will have energy. Devices connected to the internet will give us real-time data to manage the energy grid better. With this plan, we want to make renewable energy trading easy and help the world switch to cleaner energy sources faster
A Case Report of UDCA and Injinho-tang Co-administration for Liver Damage Caused by Rifampin
Authors: Lee Seyeon , Yoon Hansung , Ku Kibeom , Kim Mariah , Nam Irang , Kim Minhwa , Han Changwoo
Published: November 2023

We have experienced a case in which herbal medicine was administered to treat drug-induced liver damage and would like to introduce it. A 49-year-old man exhibited a positive result in the interferon-gamma release assay. He had never suffered from tuberculosis in the past, and the route and time of infection could not be confirmed. He had no respiratory or systemic symptoms suggestive of active tuberculosis, and a chest X-ray examination showed no active lung lesions, so he was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection. He was confirmed to be within the normal range in the liver function test, renal function test, and complete blood cell count test, and started taking rifampin (600 mg qd). In the screening test performed on the 19th day of taking the drug, other test items were normal, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased to 50 U/L (reference value: 4-40 U/L). In a test performed on the 29th day of taking the drug, ALT was clearly elevated to 102 U/L. Ursodeoxycholic acid and Injinho-tang were taken together with rifampin, and the patient’s progress was observed. In a test performed 14 days later, ALT decreased to 26 U/L, within the normal range. It is presumed that Injinho-tang may have partially contributed to alleviating liver damage in this case.
A Case of Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands and Feet Treated with Korean Medicine Including Gyejifabuja-tang-gmibang and Acupuncture in a Patient with Lumbar Spinal Herniated Intervertebral Disc - A Case Report
Authors: Yun Sang-hun , Kim Sang-yoon , Wang Yen-min , Baek Gil-geun , Lee Yu-jin , Lee Hyung-chul , Kang Man-ho , Park Sung-hwan
Published: November 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using Korean medicine treatment with cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc.Case presentation: We used Korean medicine treatment (Gyejigabuja-tang, acupuncture) to treat a hospitalized patient with cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. To evaluate the treatment, we used the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The degree of cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet was also evaluated using evaluation paper. The generic health status was measured using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scale. The 31-year-old female underwent 13 days of inpatient treatment. Her pattern identification was that both hands and feet are cold (BiYangHeo) types. The treatments were herbal medicine and acupuncture. She took Gyejigabuja-tang for 13 days. She also received acupuncture for 20 minutes twice a day at LI11 (曲池), L14 (合谷), TE5 (外關) on her hands, LR3 (太衝), SP6 (三陰交), SP9 (陰陵泉) ST36 (足三里), GB41 (足臨泣) on Feet, GV4 (命門), GV3 (腰陽關), BL23 (腎兪), BL24 (氣海兪), BL25 (大腸兪), and BL26 (關元兪) on the low back. After 2 weeks of treatment, the NRS scale of her cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet symptoms dropped from NRS 7 to NRS 3, and her low back pain dropped from NRS 6 to NRS 3. Her cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet evaluation paper score decreased from 64 to 32, and her EQ-5D increased from 0.487 to 0.681. After the end of treatment, continued symptom improvements and no significant side effects were confirmed.Results: These findings suggest that Korean medical treatment (Gyejigabuja-tang, acupuncture) may be effective for treating cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. The NRS, evaluation paper, and EQ-5D scores improved after treatment, with no side effects.
A Case Report of Korean Medicine Treatment for an Intractable Hiccup Patient with Unknown Cause after a Traffic Accident
Authors: Park Jae-won , Yoon Joo-youn , Lee Si-won , Hong Hae-won , Lim Jun-kyu , Min Ja-hyun , Jeon Yu-sun
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report a case of a woman with intractable hiccups after a traffic accident through Korean medicine treatment.Methods: A combination of treatments, including herbal medicine (Soshiho-tang), pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, Chuna, cupping, and moxibustion, was administered to the patient for 21 days. The frequency and duration of hiccups, the degree of body shaking, and total sleep time were measured daily. The accompanying symptoms were measured daily using the Visual Analogue Scale.Results: After Korean medicine treatment, Hiccup symptoms disappeared. Further, the degree of clinical symptoms and QOL improved significantly after Korean medicine treatment. No adverse events were observed.Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment can be an effective treatment for intractable hiccups after traffic accidents.
A Case Report of Patient Suffering from Cough and Dyspnea after Lung Transplantation Treated with Complex Korean Medicine
Authors: Lee Seyeon , Ku Kibeom , Kim Mariah , Nam Irang , Kim Minhwa , Han Changwoo , Lee In , Hong Jinwoo , Kwon Jungnam , Kim Soyeon , Yun Youngju , Park Sojung , Choi Junyong
Published: November 2023

We report the case of a lung transplantation patient whose cough and dyspnea symptoms improved after receiving complex Korean medicine treatment. Lung transplantation provides a solution to many end-stage patients with lung disease who are refractory to conventional treatment, but the five-year survival rate of lung transplantation remains around 50%, and even surviving patients suffer from side effects, including infection, respiratory difficulty, and gastrointestinal problems. A 66-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease was advised to undergo lung transplantation surgery when she suffered from dyspnea and failing respiratory symptoms after being diagnosed with COVID-19 and contracting pneumonia. Approximately five months after receiving a bilateral lung transplantation operation, she experienced acute pulmonary thromboembolism, and even after receiving anticoagulation therapy, she still struggled with cough and respiratory difficulty. After she received complex Korean medicine treatments, including herbal medicine, cupping therapy, and electrical moxibustion, we observed a decrease in inflammation, alleviation of symptoms such as cough and dyspnea, and improvement of pulmonary function and exercise capacity.
A Case Report on Right Hemiparesis after Left Thalamus Infarction Treated with Boyanghwanoh-tang-gagam and Complex Korean Medicine Treatment
Authors: Park Eun-soo , Park Hyun-seo , Jeon Seong-hyun , Kim Jin-won
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study reports the case of a patient with right hemiparesis after a left thalamic infarction, in which the patient experienced improved clinical symptoms (hemiparesis, constipation) after treatment with a complex Korean medicine treatment.Methods: A 81-year-old male patient diagnosed with acute left thalamic infarction was treated with daily acupuncture and herbal medicine (Boyanghwanoh-tang-gagam) three times a day. Jowiseunggi-tang extract granules were administered to treat constipation by adjusting the dosage according to the reported symptoms. The patient’s clinical course was assessed using changes in Modified Barthel Index (MBI) score, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) grade, and defecation frequency .Results: The patient’s MBI score improved from 35 to 69 and was discharged with the ability to walk under supervision. The MMT grade also improved from 3/4 to 5/5 in the upper/lower extremities. Other clinical symptoms, including constipation, also improved, leading to the discontinuation of magnesium medication.Conclusion: These findings suggest that complex Korean medicine treatments, including herbal medicine and acupuncture, may be an effective treatment for post-stroke hemiplegic patients.