bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANATOMICAL VARIANTS OF PYRIFORM APERTURES AND NASAL BONES IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL CONFIGURATION AND DIFFERENT AESTHETIC DEFORMITIES OF EXTERNAL NOSE USING MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Lezhnev D. A. , Davydov D. V. , Dutova M. O. , Petrovskaya V. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To identify the anatomical variants of nasal bones and pyriform apertures in view of normal configuration of external nose and different types of aesthetic nasal deformities, to estimate its possible relations.Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) data of 2737 patients with the image processing (multiplanar and 3D-volume rendering). The sample comprised 121 patients with aesthetic nasal deformities (rhinokyphosis – nasal hump, long nose, combined deformity like a hidden hump, short nose, wide nose) and 37 individuals with normal European nasal configuration.Results. The most frequent variants of pyriform apertures are drop, heart and pear types. The most common variants of nasal bones in all groups were II, V, VI types according to Lang and Baumeister. Every kind of deformities was described with their characteristic features of pyriform apertures and nasal bones.Conclusion. Statistically proved correlation between the facts of deformities and variants of pyriform apertures and nasal bones was obtained. The preoperative study of variable anatomy must be always performed for improving functional and aesthetic results of rhinoplasty.
MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO MEASURE VISCERAL FAT AREA IN PATIENT WITH ASTHMA AND OBESITY
Authors: Serova N. S. , Chichkova N. V. , Gasparyan A. A. , Kapanadze L. B. , Fomin V. V.
Published: December 2018

Asthma and obesity prevalence in population have increased over the last years. In the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (GINA, 2017) the “asthma-obesity” phenotype is identified, it has certain clinical features, disease course and response to therapy. One of the hypotheses explaining the relationship between asthma and obesity is the systemic inflammation theory. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a key role in this hypothesis, it produces various adipokines, imbalance of which results in the state of mild inflammation. With that only the body mass index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity in asthma patients, but BMI doesn’t take into account the amount of VAT in the body.

The clinical case of a patient with asthma in combination with third degree of obesity is presented. Additionally the patient was given a multislice computed tomography to measure the visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, followed by an evaluation of the obtained data and a collation of the parameters with clinical and anthropometric characteristics.
AutoCloud+, a “Universal” Physical and Statistical Model-Based 2D Spatial Topology-Preserving Software Toolbox for Cloud/Cloud-Shadow Detection in Multi-Sensor Single-Date Earth Observation Multi-Spectral Imagery Eligible for Systematic ESA EO Level 2 Product Generation
Authors: Baraldi Andrea , Tiede Dirk
Published: December 2018

The European Space Agency (ESA) defines as Earth observation (EO) Level 2 information product a single-date multi-spectral (MS) image corrected for atmospheric, adjacency and topographic effects, stacked with its data-derived scene classification map (SCM), whose thematic map legend includes quality layers cloud and cloud-shadow. ESA EO Level 2 product generation is an inherently ill-posed computer vision (CV) problem never accomplished to date in operating mode by any EO data provider at the ground segment. Herein, it is considered: (I) necessary not sufficient pre-condition for the yet-unaccomplished dependent problems of semantic content-based image retrieval (SCBIR) and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery (SEIKD) in multi-source EO big data cubes. (II) Synonym of EO Analysis Ready Data (ARD) format. (III) Equivalent to a horizontal policy for background developments in Space Economy 4.0. In compliance with the GEO-CEOS Quality Assurance Framework for EO Calibration/Validation guidelines, to contribute toward filling an analytic and pragmatic information gap from multi-sensor EO big data to timely, comprehensive and operational EO value-adding information products and services, this work presents an innovative AutoCloud+ CV software toolbox for cloud and cloud-shadow quality layer detection in ESA EO Level 2 product. In vision, spatial information dominates color information. Inspired by this true-fact, the inherently ill-posed AutoCloud+ CV software was conditioned, designed and implemented to be “universal”, meaning fully automated (no human-machine interaction is required), near real-time, robust to changes in input data and scalable to changes in MS imaging sensor’s spatial and spectral resolution specifications.
UAV Based Crop Water Stress Index for Wetland Habitats as a Meteorological Drought Indicator
Authors: Ciężkowski Wojciech , Jóźwiak Jacek , Szporak-Wasilewska Sylwia , Kleniewska Małgorzata , Gnatowski Tomasz , Dąbrowski Piotr , Góraj Maciej , Szatyłowicz Jan , Ignar Stefan , Chormanski Jaroslaw
Published: December 2018

Droughts occurring more and more frequently in recent years are usually associated with progressive climate changes. Modern monitoring methods is mainly associated with agricultural use due to the high market demand for services protecting against agricultural losses. In natural wetland ecosystem this problem is neglected which is probably due to fact that this are ecosystems rich in water by definition. Nevertheless this droughts might become a problem of wetlands, whose good condition depends on adequate hydration. Therefore this study focused on determination Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) for natural heterogeneous wetland habitats. CWSI based on remotely sensed land surface temperature and associated basic meteorological (air temperature and humidity) measurements. CWSI was calculated based on high resolution LST measurements from UAV platform and compare with on ground measurements of soil moisture, CCI, fAPAR and meteorological conditions. Results shows that CWSI properly shows water condition of plants in measured habitats and revels high importance of metrological conditions during data acquisition.
Improving the Performance of Automotive Engines and Tribological Behavior of the Piston Ring Assembly Using Nanomaterials as Smart Nano-Lubricant Additives
Authors: Ali (M.K.A. Ali) Mohammed Kamal Ahmed
Published: December 2018

One of the most important objectives of the studies worldwide is to improve the performance of automotive engines to reduce fuel consumption and environmental pollution. Accordingly, the principal motivation of this research study is improving the tribological behavior of the piston ring/cylinder liner interfaces as a promising and straightforward approach in automotive fuel economy and increasing engine durability using Al2O3 and TiO2 nanomaterials as smart nano-lubricant additives that adapted to different operating conditions by replenishing mechanisms anti-friction and anti-wear in automotive engines.
Framework and Guidelines for Conducting Risk Analyses for Alien Species
Authors: Kumschick Sabrina , Wilson John R , Foxcroft Llewellyn C.
Published: December 2018

This report presents a framework for analysing the risk of alien taxa under South Africa's National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act of 2004, and the Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of 2014. While the report was initially designed to meet a specific South Africa need, the risk analysis processes developed can, we believe, be transferred to any specified geographic region. In outlining a series of questions related to a taxon’s likelihood of invasion and the consequences thereof, i.e. the potential impacts, the report provides a structure for collating data relevant to the process of listing taxa as well as a process for developing recommendations that is both mathematically sound, transparent, and that explicitly takes uncertainty into account. The framework is based on collating information according to international standards in biological invasions (specifically the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa Scheme, the CBD's scheme for classifying invasion pathways, and the Unified Framework for Biological Invasions proposed by Blackburn et al. 2011). The risk analysis framework is currently being implemented in South Africa in an effort to underpin national regulatory lists of invasive species.
Effect of Road Safety Education on Road Risky Behaviors of Spanish Children and Adolescents: Findings from a National Study
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Esteban Cristina , Useche Sergio , Colomer Natura
Published: December 2018

Road Safety Education (RSE) is widely known as a reliable determinant of future results for what concerns health and welfare, and as an undisputable factor which contributes to the social behavior of individuals and to their mid and long-term road safety outcomes. However, its development has been relatively scarce in most countries, fact which has contributed to letting matters as delicate as traffic crashes produced by road misbehaviors continue to be a prevalent problem, thus affecting the health of the community. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between demographic and RSE-related variables and the self-reported road risky behavior of Spanish students. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 4,062 (51.5 males and 48.5% females) participants attending primary (47.5%), secondary (40.7%) and high school (11.7%) was gathered through a national survey on RSE and road behaviors. Results: A set of significant associations between demographic factors, RSE variables and self-reported road behaviors was found. Furthermore, the SEM modelling allowed us to establish that age, observed misbehaviors, attitudes towards road safety and risk perception keep a direct link with the road risky behavior of children and young people. The knowledge of traffic rules was not a significant predictor of road behavior. Conclusions: The results of this study show that, together with demographic factors such as age, RSE-related variables have an effect on the road behavior of children and young people. They also suggest the need of strengthening actions to be implemented in road safety (Road Safety Education), into scholar and community levels.
3-Lie Superalgebras Induced by Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Abramov Viktor
Published: December 2018

We show that given a Lie superalgebra and an element of its dual space one can construct the 3-Lie superalgebra. We apply this approach to Lie superalgebra of (m,n)-block matrices taking supertrace of a matrix as the element of dual space. Then we also apply this approach to commutative superalgebra and the Lie superalgebra of its derivations to construct 3-Lie superalgebra. The graded Lie brackets are constructed by means of a derivation and involution of commutative superalgebra, and we use them to construct 3-Lie superalgebras.
A Programmable Mechanical Maxwell's Demon
Authors: Lu Zhiyue , Jarzynski Christopher
Published: December 2018

We introduce and investigate a simple and explicitly mechanical model of Maxwell's demon -- a device that interacts with a memory register (a stream of bits), a thermal reservoir (an ideal gas) and a work reservoir (a mass that can be lifted or lowered). Our device is similar to one that we have briefly described elsewhere [1], but it has the additional feature that it can be programmed to recognize a chosen reference sequence, for instance, the binary representation of $\pi$. If the bits in the memory register match those of the reference sequence, then the device extracts heat from the thermal reservoir and converts it into work to lift a small mass. Conversely, the device can operate as a generalized Landauer's eraser (or copier), harnessing the energy of a dropping mass to write the chosen reference sequence onto the memory register, replacing whatever information may previously have been stored there. Our model can be interpreted either as a machine that autonomously performs a conversion between information and energy, or else as a feedback-controlled device that is operated by an external agent. We derive generalized second laws of thermodynamics for both pictures. We illustrate our model with numerical simulations, as well as analytical calculations in a particular, exactly solvable limit.
Muscle Activation in the Main Muscle Groups of the Lower Limbs in High-Level Dancesport Athletes
Authors: Liébana Encarnación , Monleón Cristina , Morales Raquel , Pablos Carlos , Moratal Consuelo , Blasco Esther
Published: December 2018

Dancers are subjected to high-intensity workouts when they practice dancesport, and according to the literature, they are prone to injury, primarily of the lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist in relative activation amplitudes for dancers
involved in dancesport due to muscle, gender, and type of dance. Measurements were carried out using surface electromyography equipment during the choreography of a performance in the following leg muscles: rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius medialis. Eight
couples of active dancesport athletes (aged 20.50±2.75 yrs) were analyzed. Significant gender differences were found in rumba in the tibialis anterior (p≤0.05) and gastrocnemius medialis (p≤0.05). Based on the different activations, it is possible to establish possible mechanisms
of injury, as well as tools for preventing injuries and improving sports performance.
Pain Perception in Clarinetists with Playing-Related Pain After Implementing a Specific Exercise Program
Authors: Gallego Cerveró Clara , Martín Ruiz Julio , Ruiz Sanchis Laura , Ros Ros Concepción
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Wind musicians suffer injuries resulting from muscle overuse and poor postural habits, often due to the lack of required physical fitness. For this reason, it is important to study and analyze the characteristics of their activity in order to select appropriate preventive
exercises. METHODS: 10 clarinetists, who were experiencing joint pain due to instrumental practice, followed a specific program of physical activity, 3 times a week for 2 months. To assess postural changes after its implementation, the Langlade test and muscle pain scale were used at the beginning
and the end of the program. RESULTS: The results show a significant decrease in perceived pain (p<0.001) and changes in the dorsal spine (p=0.001). Given the relationship between the improvement in the Langlade item, which refers to the correct position of the shoulder blades, and muscle
pain, with a correlation level of 0.582, it can be said that a change in the shoulder girdle position leads to a decrease of pain in that area. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of 10 clarinetists, a regular program of physical activity for 9 weeks led to an observable change in posture and
a reduction in pain using self-report measures.
Heeled Shoes Increase Knee Work Demand During Repeated Hopping in Dancers
Authors: Mikkelsen Pamela , Jarvis Daneille N , Kulig Kornelia
Published: December 2018

AIMS: Dancers have high injury rates of the lower extremity. External factors such as footwear likely alter the work demands placed on the lower extremity joints when performing dance-style movements. Research on pedestrians shows an increase in knee work demand when wearing heels,
which may occur in dancers as well. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of heeled shoes on lower extremity joint work demand during a basic dance-specific jump (sauté) in dancers when compared to barefoot. METHODS: Ten healthy, female dancers (age 25.6±4.7 yrs;
height 1.7±0.1 m; weight 64.9±9.2 kg; mean years of dance training 17.6±6.4) performed repetitive vertical bipedal dance jumps (sautés) barefoot as well as wearing heeled dance shoes. Sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle kinetics were calculated. Percentages of work
done by these joints were calculated in comparison to the work done by the leg as a whole and compared between the two conditions. RESULTS: During a dance-specific jump, the percent contribution of energy absorption was significantly different at the ankle and knee between the two conditions.
The ankle contribution decreased from 50.7±6.1% in the bare condition to 34.9±5.3% in the shod condition (p=0.002), and the knee contribution increased from 38.6±3.9% barefoot to 55.1±2.8% shod (p=0.002). The same pattern was seen for energy generation, with the
ankle contribution decreasing from 48.1±7.3% to 35.6±6.9% and the knee contribution increasing from 43.3±5.6% to 56.4±6.1% in the bare vs shod condition (both p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the percent contribution from the hip. CONCLUSION: With
heeled shoes, there is a shift in work demand from the ankle to the knee with no change at the hip as compared to barefoot.
Musculoskeletal Demands in Violin and Viola Playing: A Literature Review
Authors: Rensing Nadine , Schemmann Heike , Zalpour Christoff
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Research in music medicine has reported incidence rates of musculoskeletal disorders of approx. 70% in instrumental musicians. String players have the highest risk, with rates of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) of 65% to 88%. Playing the violin
or viola requires complex neuromusculoskeletal skills, and the high frequency of repetitive movements, dynamic and static muscle load, awkward postures, poor technique, and practice time are factors causing musculoskeletal strain. In ergonomic terms, these disorders can be categorized based
on extrinsic and intrinsic loads. Identification of intrinsic loads, such as muscle utilization and joint motion, is necessary to understand factors influencing musculoskeletal disorders associated with violin playing. The aim of this study was to review the literature on musculoskeletal demands
in violin and viola playing. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, COCHRANE, and CINAHL electronic databases from 1999 to 2015 using the search terms violin, viola, high strings, movement, posture, and synonyms. A manual search of Medical Problems of Performing Artists
was also conducted. Additional references were identified by searching the citations and reference lists of all identified relevant studies. RESULTS: The results suggest that an asymmetric playing posture, the associated muscle activity, and joint mobility may contribute to musculoskeletal
problems in violin and viola players. Evidence suggests an increased load of intrinsic factors in violin/viola performance. CONCLUSION: The identification of intrinsic loads in violin and viola playing may facilitate the development of prevention strategies and interventions.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Surfactants for Field-Scale Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Pilot Projects
Authors: Barnes J. R. , van Batenburg D. W. , Faber M. J. , van Rijn C. H. , Geib S.. , van Kuijk S. R. , Perez Regalado D.. , King T. E. , Doll M. J. , Crom L. E.
Published: December 2018

Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is an enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) technique that involves the injection of a solution of surfactant, alkali, and polymer into an oil reservoir to mobilize and produce the remaining oil. There are several pattern-flood pilots in progress or that will soon be executed to evaluate ASP at a scale relevant to commercial-scale application. The quantities of surfactants needed for these pilots and potential future commercial-scale applications are large (hundreds to thousands of tonnes) and necessitate large-scale manufacture using existing processes and plants for the different manufacturing steps. These operate under slightly different process conditions than those used to make the smaller quantity (50 to 400 kg) of the reference blend used to design the formulation in the laboratory. The upscaling of the surfactant production itself is an essential step to enable field-scale implementation of ASP. To ensure and control the quality of the surfactants produced for pilots with Shell interests, a stage-gated quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program was designed and executed. The application of the QA/QC process for a high- and a low-active-matter surfactant-blend concentrate (approximately 60% and 20% active, respectively) is used to illustrate the process.

The early definition of the QA/QC program provided a framework with clearly defined stages for upscaling from laboratory- to large-scale production. The definition of analytical and performance-based laboratory experiments with upfront-defined specifications (minimum and maximum values) and repeatability allowed for clear, unambiguous decisions. Correlations between composition and performance that were developed dependent on pilot-scale production were essential to assure the performance of the larger-scale production. Corefloods, used as the ultimate performance check, showed virtually identical performance for pilot-scale prepared surfactants and surfactants from different large-scale batches.

The paper illustrates that consistent industrial-scale production of surfactants for application in chemical EOR (CEOR) is feasible. To ensure the quality of such surfactant requires a detailed QA/QC program. The successful execution of the QA/QC program for the surfactants for the pattern pilots ensures that the produced large-scale surfactant blend performs as the reference blend used to design the formulation.
Wild boar as the reservoir of pathogens, pathogenic for swine, other species of animals and for humans
Authors: PEJSAK ZYGMUNT , TRUSZCZYŃSKI MARIAN , TARASIUK KAZIMIERZ
Published: December 2018

This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on wild boar as a reservoir of viruses, bacteria and parasites being pathogenic also to other species of animals, and for humans, but particularly to pigs belonging to the same species, Sus scrofa, as the wild boar. Since wild boar and domestic pigs belong to the same taxonomic species they are susceptible to the same pathogens and can infect each other. Therefore free – ranging wild boar are increasingly considered to be a threat to the pig industry and the international movement of pigs and swine products. Particularly African swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot and mouth disease are those OIE-listed diseases, discussed in the paper. Additionally, domestic pigs can be infected from wild boar by PPV, PCV2, TGE and ADV. The last mentioned microorganism is causing infection and disease also in other species of animals. The wild boar is participating, by carriership, of infecting several species of animals and human by Leptospira serotypes, Brucella suis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., pathogenic serovars of Escherichia coli. The same relates to bovine tuberculosis, Japanase encephalitis virus and influenza A typ viruses. Finally trichinellosis transfer from wild boar to humans with not cooked meat containing larves of Trichinella spp. is mentioned. In general remarks it is noted that to prevent pathogen introduction from wild boar to domestic animals particularly to pigs, but also other species and to humans the surveillance of the wild boar behaviour in their living conditions and environment is recommended...
Model of a vertical rotor with an automatic balancer with two compensating masses
Authors: Strautmanis Guntis , Mezitis Mareks , Strautmane Valentina , Gorbenko Alexander
Published: December 2018

The use of automatic balancing devices in unbalanced rotor systems has proven their ability to reduce rotor vibrations in the super resonance zone of velocities. At the same time, the creation of efficient automatic balancing devices with a torus-shaped body and a circular cross-section is associated with the multimodal motion of the compensating masses, which makes the device unsuitable for operation. To ensure the acceleration of the compensating masses from the rest state to the working speed of the rotor, they need to be provided with some initial velocity. The magnitude of this velocity is influenced by the parameters of the elastic suspension of the rotor, the geometric parameters of the automatic balancing device, the rolling friction coefficient between the body and the compensating mass, etc. The work is devoted to the description of the vertical rotor model with an automatic balancer with two compensating masses. It also considers the effect of the rolling friction coefficient on the value of their initial velocity.
Study on the influence of bus suspension parameters on ride comfort
Authors: Long Le Xuan , Quynh Le Van , Cuong Bui Van
Published: December 2018

This study proposes a three-dimensional vibration model of bus with 10 DOF (degree of freedom) based on Dragan Sekulić model to analyze the suspension parameters directly influenced ride comfort. The suspension parameters which include the stiffness and damping parameters are analyzed based on the weighted r.m.s. (root-mean-square) acceleration responses of the space of a driver, passenger in the middle part of the bus and passenger in the rear overhang according to ISO 2631-1:1997. The results show that both stiffness and damping parameters of vehicle suspension have important influences on ride comfort. Especially, the stiffness and damping values of vehicle suspension are within the value ranges (0.5k0 ≤ k ≤ 0.75 k0) and (0.5c0 ≤ c ≤ 0.75c0) to improve the ride comfort of driver and passengers.
Evaluating the effect of the working conditions on the ride comfort and road friendliness of the heavy truck
Authors: Nguyen Van Liem , Nguyen Khac Tuan
Published: December 2018

This study proposes a nonlinear dynamic model of the heavy trucks to evaluate the influence of the various working conditions on the ride comfort and road friendliness of the heavy vehicles based on Matlab/Simulink software. The weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration responses of the vertical driver’s seat, the cab’s pitch and roll angles, and the dynamic load coefficient (DLC) are chosen as objective functions. The influence of the vehicle velocity and loads on the different road surfaces are evaluated based on the standard ISO 2631-1. The results show that the vehicle’s ride comfort is clearly affected on the road surfaces of ISO level C and D at the range of the vehicle velocity. Especially, the vehicle’s ride comfort is very poor at the velocity of 10-30 m.s-1 on ISO level D. The road friendliness of the vehicle is greatly decreased in the condition of the half-loaded vehicle. Particularly the vertical dynamic wheel loads at 2nd axle strongly affect the road damage at the velocity of 10-30 m.s-1.
Numerical simulation of separation shock characteristics of a piston type explosive bolt
Authors: Li Yanhua , Wang Jingcheng , Cheng Li , Xiong Shihui , Wen Yuquan , Li Zhiliang
Published: December 2018

A piston type explosive bolt is modeled by using a hydrocodes AUTODYN. The influence of the charge amount on the separation shock is analyzed. The results show that the separation shock of the piston type explosive bolt mainly includes two aspects: the shock caused by explosive detonation and the impact of the piston at the end of stroke. As the charge amount increases, the collision speed of piston first increases and then decreases, and the separation shock first increases and then stabilizes.
The vibration of machine motorized spindle based on forced rotordynamic analysis and response-surface method
Authors: I. Ahmed Elhaj A. , Shusen Li
Published: December 2018

In this work, the dynamic of MMS exposing several excitation forces has been studied using forced Rotordynamic analysis. The Finite-Element-Model (FEM) based Design of Experiment (DOE); the sensitivities of factors on vibration response and their levels optimization have been carried out based on Response-Surface (RS) method. The results showed that the vibration response is considerably influenced by the rotating unbalance force. The vibration amplitude conducted by rotating unbalance force is more than two-by-five-time when compared to the other factors. In addition, the results obtained also showed that there are significant improvements in Structural Weight (SW) and vibration response. Thus, the factors level optimization technique, not only reduce in total material consumed but also the vibration response can be improved. The proposed vibration design approach is significant and successful in improving vibration of unbalance response.
Effect of linear variation in density and circular variation in Poisson’s ratio on time period of vibration of rectangular plate
Authors: Kumar Anup , Lather Neeraj , Bhardwaj Reeta , Mani Naveen , Sharma Amit
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a theoretical analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of linear variation in density and circular variation in Poisson’s ratio on time period of frequency modes of rectangular plate with variable thickness under temperature field. The thickness variation is considered to be circular and temperature variation on the plate is assumed to be bi-linear. Rayleigh Ritz method is used to solve the differential equation. All the results (time period for first two modes of vibration) are presented with the help of tables.
Free vibration analysis of FGM plates based on Rayleigh-Ritz method
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Tianyun , Zhu Xiang
Published: December 2018

Rayleigh-Ritz method was introduced to analyze the vibration characteristics of functionally graded material (FGM) rectangular plate with complex boundary conditions. The Improved Fourier series was chosen as the admissible function for its great property to be used universally in various boundary conditions. The virtual spring model was adopted to simulate the complex boundary conditions. The strain and kinetic energy of the structure and elastic potential energy of the border were easily calculated by using relevant formula. Finally, comparing the result with the references, the accuracy and convergence can be proved.
Research on the influence of ring rib arrangement on vibration and acoustic radiation of cylindrical shell
Authors: Ning Ronghui , Zhang Zhenhai
Published: December 2018

Based on the thin shell theory and the three-dimensional Sono-elasticity theory, the finite element method is used to study the transmission and variation characteristics of the cylindrical shell, in the case of non-ribs, single ring ribs and multi-ring ribs. The influence of different ribbed forms on the acoustic radiation is also analyzed. The result shows that the ring rib structure can suppress the transmission of medium and high frequency vibration, and the maximum attenuation frequency of the cylindrical shell is changed. The maximum attenuation frequency increases as the number of ring ribs increases. The vibration attenuation of the structure under multi-ribbed is higher than the single-ribbed at the middle frequency band, but lower than the single-ribbed at the high frequency band. The multi- ribbed structure can reduce the low-frequency radiated acoustic power of the structure, but it will affect the high-frequency acoustic radiation characteristics of the structure.
Numerical simulation of Vortex-shedding from NACA4418 hydrofoil
Authors: Singh Srijna , Danish Mohammad , Saha Kaushik , Ranjan Vinayak
Published: December 2018

To get better understanding of vortex shedding mechanism, we conducted numerical simulation on NACA 4418 hydrofoil at an angle of attack of 12° for 2D incompressible flow. The numerical method consists of transient, finite volume method using Transient SST turbulent model to capture the turbulent wake flows. At high Reynolds number the occurrence of 2D structures of shed vortices and the modulation of vortex-induced frequency are investigated. The lift, pressure and skin friction coefficients of hydrofoil were studied.
Performance evaluation of Jaipur knee joint through kinematics gait symmetry with unilateral transfemoral Indian amputees
Authors: Mishra Pawan , Singh Sachin , Ranjan Vinayak , Singh Sonu , Pandey Anuradha , Mohanta Madhusmita , Atheaya Deepali
Published: December 2018

Human gait data becomes very helpful in the prediction and correction of movement control while walking. In many areas like medical practices, Physical fitness training programs, rehabilitation techniques and prosthesis performance, gait study has its significant scientific relevance and applications. This study aims to predict the performance of Jaipur knee joint in terms of gait symmetry with transfemoral Indian amputees. First time we tried to calculate gait symmetry of widely used Jaipur knee joint with Indian population. This aspect has not been focused so far with Indian amputees. 11 unilateral transfemoral amputees (9 men and 2 women; average age 45 years, range 31-58 years) participated in the study. Subjects were using prosthesis with Jaipur knee for long time (mean: 16 yrs; range: 5-27 yrs). To investigate the gait function with 6 Vicon cameras 3D motion analysis system (Kinematrix system) participants were asked to walk with their comfortable speed. Gait symmetry, might be the basis of recommendation of knee joint. Kinematics parameter is predicted quantitavely gait symmetry with Jaipur knee joint. This research will result in significant prevention of degenerated musculoskeletal effects in future generally seen in unilateral transfemoral amputees.
FEM simulation of three-point bending test of Inconel 718 coating on stainless steel substrate
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Tyagi Rajnesh , Ranjan Vinayak , Sathujoda Prabhakar
Published: December 2018

Three-point bending test is conducted by help of Finite Element Method to find out mechanical properties of Inconel 718 coating on stainless steel. For doing this ANSYS package are employed to visualise exact situation of bending test so that can find out stress field developed during the test. A 3D modelling of coating and substrate material is used. Load versus displacement relationships is compared with reference results. It is noticed that yield stress of substrate material is higher than the tensile stress of substrate and coating. Due to this reason there is initiation of crack at coating-substrate interface and it is propagated which leads to failure with applied load.
Building trust: the importance of democratic legitimacy in the formation of consumer attitudes toward drinking water
Authors: Bondelind M. , Markwat N. , Toljander J. , Simonsson M. , Säve-Söderbergh M. , Morrison G. M.
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to explore the role of democratic decision legitimacy in the formation of consumer attitudes toward drinking water. Using consumer-level data on the decision to change the drinking water sources in two Swedish cities, three core sets of variables were constructed: (1) the overall democratic decision legitimacy, defined as the citizens' support for the decision; (2) the input, throughput and output dimensions of decision legitimacy, representing the citizens' perceived opportunity to provide input, their ability to oversee, as well as their level of satisfaction with the outcome of the decision-making process; and (3) consumer attitudes toward drinking water, comprising trust, risk perception and acceptance. The results of the study provide support for the proposed mechanism that consumers that perceive a decision-making process more positively also tend to support the ultimate decision more, which in turn helps to establish more positive consumer attitudes towards their drinking water. Consequently, democratic legitimacy is an important precursor for building trust. This is particularly important if a waterborne outbreak has negatively impacted consumers' trust in their water, and when political and engineering decisions must be made.
Ion-exchange for trihalomethane control in potable water treatment – a municipal water treatment case study in Rainy River, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Brezinski Kenneth , Gorczyca Beata , Sadrnourmohammadi Mehrnaz
Published: December 2018

The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability for ion-exchange (IX) to control trihalomethane (THM) formation, and to act as a potential treatment addition (upgrade) to a conventional treatment plant in Rainy River Ontario, Canada. The primary goal was to investigate the total organic carbon (TOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) removal as a function of resin dose; and note the relative improvements over current conventional plant operation. IX resin (DOWEX TAN-1, Purolite 502P and 860, and Amberlite PWA9) removed 68–72% of TOC and 30–40% THMFP from the conventionally filtered water. Fixed-bed fluidized bed contactor was used to investigate the TOC/THMFP breakthrough for the DOWEX TAN-1 resin. Complete resin breakthrough occurred followed by 1,275 and 1,075 bed volumes for TOC and THMFP, respectively. Breakthrough output following 1,000 treated bed volumes was noted as the point at which THMFP levels reach the 0.1 mg L–1 water quality standard threshold required by Canadian regulators. High exchange capacities were recorded for the TAN-1 (3.02 mg mL–1) and PWA9 (2.03 mg mL–1) resins – both of which contain styrene backbones. The results produced in the bench-scale experiments were used very successfully in a full-scale upgrade of the Rainy River water treatment plant.
PERCEPÇÃO DAS PUÉRPERAS ACERCA DO PARTO VERTICALIZADO
Authors: Albuquerque Nayale Lucinda De Andrade , Vicente Cynthia Dantas , Da Silva Amanda Bezerra , Lins Bruna Roberta , Da Silva Renato Daniel Melo
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: identificar a percepção das mulheres acerca do parto verticalizado. Metodologia: estudo exploratório e descritivo de natureza qualitativa, realizado em uma maternidade municipal de Recife-PE, no ano de 2016, com 14 puérperas que tiveram parto normal verticalizado. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados conforme a técnica de analise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas: protagonismo da mulher; despreparo para o parto e aprovação da posição. Conclusão: as posições foram vista de forma positiva, porém ainda há necessidade de educação em saúde, sobretudo no pré-natal para preparo das mulheres para período gravídico-puerperal.Descritores: Parto normal; Parto humanizado; Modalidades de posição.PERCEPTION OF PUERPERAS ABOUT THE VERTI CALIZED DELIVERYObjective: to identify a perception of women about vertical delivery. Methodology: an exploratory and descriptive study of a qualitative nature carried out in a municipal maternity hospital in Recife-PE in the year 2016 with 14 puerperae who had normal vertical delivery. The data were transcribed and analyzed according to the Bardin content analysis technique. Results: Three thematic categories emerged: women's protagonism; Unprepared for delivery and position approval. Conclusion: Positions were seen positively, but there is still a need for health education, especially without prenatal preparation for women for pregnancy-puerperal period.Descriptors: Normal birth; Humanized birth; Modalities of position.LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LAS MADRES EN EL PARTO VERTI CALIZADOObjetivo: Identificar la percepción de las mujeres en el parto vertical. Metodología: estudio cualitativo exploratorio y descriptivo realizado en una maternidad municipal de Recife-PE en el año 2016 con 14 madres que tuvieron parto vertical normal. Los datos fueron transcritas y analizadas según la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías temáticas: papel de la mujer; La falta de preparación para la entrega y aprobación de la posición. Conclusión: la forma en posiciones fueron vistos de manera positiva, sin embargo, todavía hay necesidad de educación para la salud, especialmente sin el párrafo preparación prenatal de las mujeres por el embarazo y el puerperio.Descriptores: Parto normal; parto humanizado; posición modalidades.
LIDERANÇA EM ENFERMAGEM: ABORDAGEM ECOSSISTÊMICA COM IMPACTO NO CUIDADO
Authors: Pereira Liliane Alves , Ramos Aline Marcelino , Schallenberger Claudia Denise , Vaz Martha Cezar , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Refletir sobre o exercício da liderança em enfermagem a luz dos princípios da Sistêmica de Frontier, como razão das ações dos profissionais de enfermagem, o cuidado, este perpassa todas as esferas do ser e fazer-se enfermeiro. Desenvolvimento: a partir do referencial sistêmico de Frontier, de teóricos da liderança em enfermagem, que primam pelo cuidado nas relações pessoais, interpessoais e interprofissionais considerando não ser possível liderar sozinho, como também não é possível cuidar sozinho, que a liderança e o cuidado precisam estar entrelaçados numa teia de relações que fará das atividades ações exitosas que poderão emergir novas ações capazes de contagiar o ambiente que o cerca, cientes de que o todo interfere nas partes e que as partes só têm sentido se estiver emaranhada no todo.Descritores: Liderança; Enfermagem; Ecossistema.LEADERSHIP IN NURSING: ECOSYSTEM APPROA CH WITH THE IMPACT CAREAim: To reflect on the nursing leadership exercise in the light of the principles of the Frontier Systemic, as a reason for the actions of nursing professionals, care, this permeates all spheres of being and become a nurse. Development: from Frontier’s systemic referential, nursing leadership theorists, who care for personal, interpersonal and interprofessional relationships considering that it is not possible to lead alone, nor can care alone, that leadership and care need be intertwined in a web of relationships that will make activities successful actions that may emerge new actions capable of infecting the surrounding environment, aware that the whole interferes in the parts and that the parts only make sense if it is entangled in the whole.Descriptors: leandership; nursing; ecosystemLIDERAZGO EN LA ENFERMERÍA: ENFOQUE DE ECOSISTEMA CON PRECAUCIÓN EN IMPACTO EN LA ATENCIÓNObjetivo: reflexionar sobre el ejercicio del liderazgo en enfermería la luz de los principios de la Sistémica de Frontier, como razón de las acciones de los profesionales de enfermería, el cuidado, éste atravesa todas las esferas del ser y hacerse enfermero. Desarrollo: a partir del referencial sistémico de Frontier, de teóricos del liderazgo en enfermería, que priman por el cuidado en las relaciones personales, interpersonales e interprofesionales considerando no ser posible liderar solo, como tampoco es posible cuidar solo, que el liderazgo y el cuidado necesitan estar entrelazados en una red de relaciones que hará de las actividades acciones exitosas que podrán emerger nuevas acciones capaces de contagiar el ambiente que lo rodea, conscientes de que el todo interfiere en las partes y que las partes sólo tienen sentido si están enmarañadas en el todo.Descriptores: Liderazgo; enfermería; ecosistema
DESAFIOS DA GESTÃO DO CUIDADO NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: PERSPECTIVA DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Soder Rafael , Oliveira Isabel Cristine , Da Silva Luiz Anildo Anacleto , Santos José Luís Guedes , Peiter Caroline Cechinel , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Analisar os desafios da gestão do cuidado na atenção básica a partir da perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com 20 profissionais de enfermagem da Estratégia Saúde da Família de municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul e analisados mediante técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Apresentam-se três categorias: Morosidade da gestão pública; Sobrecarga de trabalho; e, Fragmentação e descontinuidade da assistência. Conclusão: Os desafios apresentados podem ser propulsores de mudanças, por meio de ações de gestão planejada desenvolvidas coletivamente, conforme a realidade de cada cenário.Descritores: Organização e Administração; Gestão em Saúde; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Enfermagem de Atenção Primária; Estratégia Saúde da Família.CHALLENGES FOR THE CARE MANAGEMENT IN PRIMARY HEALT H CARE: PERSPECTIVE OF THE NURSING TEAMObjective: To analyze the challenges for the care management in primary health care from the perspective of the nursing team.Method: Descriptive-exploratory study of a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with 20 nursing professionals from the Family Health Strategy of municipalities in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul and analyzed using a content analysis technique.Results: Three categories are presented: Morosity of public management; Work overload; and, Fragmentation and discontinuance of assistance. Conclusion: The challenges presented can be drivers of change, through planned management actions developed collectively, according to the reality of each scenario.Descriptors: Organization and Administration; Health Management; Primary Health Care; Primary Care Nursing; Family Health Strategy.DESAFÍOS DE LA GESTI ÓN DEL CUIDADO EN LA ATEN CIÓN BÁSICA: PERSPECTIVA DEL EQUIPO DE ENFERMERÍAObjetivo: Analizar los desafíos de la gestión del cuidado en la atención básica desde la perspectiva del equipo de enfermería. Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevistas con 20 profesionales de enfermería de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de municipios del interior de Rio Grande do Sul y analizados mediante técnica de análisis de contenido.Resultados: Se presentan tres categorías: Morosidad de la gestión pública; Sobrecarga de trabajo; y, Fragmentación y discontinuidad de la asistencia.Conclusión: Los desafíos presentados pueden ser propulsores de cambios, a través de acciones de gestión planificada desarrolladas colectivamente, conforme a la realidad de cada escenario.Descriptores: Organización y Administración; Gestión en Salud; Atención Primaria de Salud; Enfermería de Atención Primaria; Estrategia de Salud Familiar.
Recent Advances in Multi-target Anti-Alzheimer Disease Compounds (2013 Up to the Present)
Authors: Wang Ning , Qiu Panpan , Cui Wei , Yan Xiaojun , Zhang Bin , He Shan
Published: December 2018

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Since the last century, when scientists proposed the lock-and-key model, the discovery of
drugs has focused on the development of drugs acting on single target. However, single-target drug
therapies are not effective to complex diseases with multi-factorial pathogenesis. Moreover, the
combination of single-target drugs readily causes drug resistance and side effects. In recent years,
multi-target drugs have increasingly been represented among FDA-approved drugs. Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD) is a complex and multi-factorial disease for which the precise molecular mechanisms
are still not fully understood. In recent years, rational multi-target drug design methods, which combine
the pharmacophores of multiple drugs, have been increasingly applied in the development of
anti-AD drugs. In this review, we give a brief description of the pathogenesis of AD and provide
detailed discussions about the recent development of chemical structures of anti-AD agents (2013 up
to present) that have multiple targets, such as amyloid-β peptide, Tau protein, cholinesterases,
monoamine oxidase, β-site amyloid-precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, free radicals, metal ions
(Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and so on. In this paper, we also added some novel targets or possible pathogenesis
which have been reported in recent years for AD therapy. We hope that these findings may provide
new perspectives for the pharmacological treatment of AD.