bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering a safe workplace: the transformative impact of responsible leadership and employee-oriented HRM
Authors: Bashir Huma , Memon Mumtaz Ali , Muenjohn Nuttawuth
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Promoting a safe workplace for everyone is a key tenet of Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG-8), which focuses on promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all. Therefore, this study explores how responsible leadership ensures a psychologically safe workplace for everyone, leveraging employee-oriented human resource management. Specifically, drawing on signalling theory, this study aims to examine the impact of responsible leadership on employee-oriented HRM and the subsequent effect of employee-oriented HRM on employees' psychological safety. Furthermore, it investigates the mediating role of employee-oriented HRM in the relationship between responsible leadership and psychological safety.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from banking professionals through a survey questionnaire. A total of 270 samples were collected using both online and face-to-face data collection strategies. The data was analysed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach.

Findings

The findings reveal that responsible leadership ensures employee-oriented HRM, which subsequently enhances employees' psychological safety. Further, the results suggest that employee-oriented HRM acts as a mediator between responsible leadership and psychological safety.

Originality/value

Past studies have often emphasized HRM practices as antecedents of various attitudes and behaviours. The present study offers a novel contribution by conceptualizing and empirically validating employee-oriented HRM as a mechanism that links responsible leadership and psychological safety. It stands as the first of its kind to establish this significant relationship, shedding new light on the dynamics between responsible leadership, HRM practices and employees' sense of psychological safety.
Ontological basis of the creative accounting phenomenon as a financial misstatement
Authors: Kallantary Mehdi , Valiyan Hassan , Abdoli Mohammadreza , Shahri Maryam
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This article aims to contribute to the accounting knowledge literature by presenting the framework of creative accounting factors and evaluating their identified factors through an argumentation-based total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) approach.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted mixed, inductive and deductive approaches to develop an integrated framework, validate its practicability and verify its effectiveness in selected manufacturing firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), respectively. In developing the framework and implementation procedure, the study employed an exploratory data collection (qualitative) approach to review the phenomenon of creative accounting factors. Then, in this study’s second phase, TISM is used to develop the framework of creative accounting design. This study used two types of theoretical sampling in the qualitative part, including theoretical and snowball sampling. Also, the participants in the TISM process in this study were specialized analysts of the TSE.

Findings

Based on the mixed method of this study, the result in the qualitative part provides the creative accounting framework of the existence of three categories. There are 6 components and 35 themes during 12 interviews. In the quantitative section, it was determined that two factors, namely the type of ownership firms and intrinsic objectivity, are the most effective drivers for the formation of creative accounting in TSE firms.

Originality/value

So far, it is rare to find preceding studies that have proposed, validated and practically tested an integrated creative accounting framework within the context of financial markets. Thus, the authors understand that this is the very first research focused on the development of a framework for capital market companies to continuously be competitive and could help financial decision-makers, practitioners and academicians in their perception of knowing more about the financial functions of firms.
Curiosity and information-seeking behaviour: a review of psychological research and a comparison with the information science literature
Authors: Wilson Thomas D.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to review the psychological literature on curiosity and its relationship to information-seeking behaviour, and compare this with the information science literature on the same subject.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach adopted is that of a comparative literature review, with an analysis of the papers retrieved in terms of their theoretical approach, context, study population and research method.

Findings

Curiosity is understood as a multi-faceted cognitive trait in humans and the relationship to information-seeking behaviour is explored through an exploration of other personality characteristics. There is very little citation of the information science literature in the psychological papers, and only a little more citation of the psychological literature in the information science papers.

Originality/value

The author is not aware of any similar exploration of the literature on curiosity.
What characterizes LIS as a fragmenting discipline?
Authors: Vakkari Pertti
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to characterize library and information science (LIS) as fragmenting discipline both historically and by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory about the organization of sciences and Fuchs’ (1993) theory about scientific change.

Design/methodology/approach

The study combines historical source analysis with conceptual and theoretical analysis for characterizing LIS. An attempt is made to empirically validate the distinction between LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.

Findings

The origin of fragmentation in LIS due the contributions of other disciplines can be traced in the 1960s and 1970s for solving the problems produced by the growth of scientific literature. Computer science and business established academic programs and started research relevant to LIS community focusing on information retrieval and bibliometrics. This has led to differing research interests between LIS and other disciplines concerning research topics and methods. LIS has been characterized as fragmented adhocracy as a whole, but we make a distinction between research topics LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.

Originality/value

The paper provides an elaborated historical perspective on the fragmentation of LIS in the pressure of other disciplines. It also characterizes LIS as discipline in a fresh way by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory.
The origins of digital service innovation (DSI): systematic review of ontology and future research agenda
Authors: Marić Josip , Pejić Bach Mirjana , Gupta Shivam
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to disclose ontology of DSI as a novel concept in servitization community, explore the research context and themes (i.e. technological and industrial sectors) where DSI emerges, unveil methodological complexities of the research on digital servitization and DSI and provide guidelines for future research avenues regarding DSI.

Design/methodology/approach

Bearing in mind the relative novelty of DSI as a concept in servitization literature, the authors adopted a systematic literature review approach to identify 111 peer-reviewed articles published in English language and available in business and management disciplines via scholar databases (Scopus). The analysis of literature discloses descriptive and thematic insights regarding digital servitization and DSI.

Findings

The study provides valuable insights from the descriptive and thematic analyses where classification of articles per publication year, citations, methodology/type of the paper, geographical location of data collection, as well as industrial sector and technological contexts are discussed. Moreover, the unique value of this study is observed through its specific focus on the characteristics of DSI-related literature.

Originality/value

The study is among the first of its kind to provide extensive descriptive and thematic insights on the available literature dealing with digital servitization and DSI, mapping out prior research across a wide spectrum of publication outlets and illustrating the chronological evolution of research on digital servitization and DSI.
Fragmentation of employment relationships, fragmentation of working time: the nature of work and employment of platform takeaway riders and implications for decent work in China
Authors: Feng Xiliang , Cooke Fang Lee , Zhao Chenhui
Published: February 2024

This paper critically examines the notion of working time flexibility of platform takeaway riders and its impact on them in China. Drawing on 25 interviews with platform and takeaway delivery company managers and takeaway riders as well as secondary data, the study finds that the management model adopted by the platform companies and their agency companies often encourages riders to extend their working hours by being designed into the rider's earning system, status level and various incentive schemes. Driven by profits, takeaway delivery platform companies pursue speed and impose harsh punishments for poor customer reviews. Severe competition and the platforms' aggressive pricing and commissioning practices mean that takeaway riders' remuneration is tightly squeezed, with no subsidies or overtime payment, and with rules for bonuses that make it increasingly difficult to earn. Working excessively long and intense hours is the only way that riders can increase their income, which suggests that rider‐oriented working time flexibility is virtually non‐existent. We propose the notion of fragmented employment relationships and fragmented working time to conceptualise working time flexibility in the takeaway delivery context in China. We accentuate the need to examine the quality of working time flexibility when examining this practice. We call for state interventions to provide a greater level of social protection than the takeaway riders are currently experiencing to advance the decent work agenda as part of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Successful resection of a primary angiosarcoma of the azygos vein: A case report
Authors: Kohmaru Shinya , Saito Yuichi , Urata Masahiro , Imazuru Tomohiro , Saito Koji , Shimokawa Tomoki , Sakao Yukinori
Published: February 2024

A 63‐year‐old woman was admitted to our department for the investigation of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Computed tomography revealed an azygos tumor extending into the SVC. Video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed to remove the distal end of the azygos vein in the left lateral position, followed by complete resection of the entire tumor under median sternotomy in the supine position. The histological diagnosis was a primary angiosarcoma of the azygos vein. The patient was discharged without any complications and is now alive and tumor‐free 24 months after surgery. In addition, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed no graft occlusion in the two reconstructed brachiocephalic veins. Thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position is useful for safe and reliable complete resection of a tumor arising from the azygos vein.
Worm‐lizards, ants, and bricks: A low‐impact monitoring method for the threatened Pink‐tailed Worm‐lizard Aprasia parapulchella
Authors: Milner Richard N. C. , Starrs Danswell , Osborne William S.
Published: February 2024

Monitoring is critical for detecting population trends, determining efficacy of management intervention, assessing species or community responses to ecological threats and informing conservation policies. While the intention of threatened species monitoring programmes is generally in the best interest of the target species, the sampling techniques used can often have negative impacts on individuals, populations, species or even the ecosystem. The Pink‐tailed Worm‐lizard Aprasia parapulchella, a threatened species, is a small fossorial, legless lizard found along the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in south‐eastern Australia. The most commonly used survey method for the species is searching beneath shallowly embedded rocks. Like other active hand search methods, rock‐turning can have a detrimental effect on the target species and microhabitat. The aim of this study was to develop a low‐impact monitoring method for A. parapulchella, using artificial shelters (bricks), that would reduce monitoring impacts and allow monitoring to be undertaken more frequently. We found that annual artificial shelter surveys for A. parapulchella achieved similar detection rates to rock‐turning surveys. We also found that artificial shelters provided similar habitat attributes as natural habitat rocks and importantly, we showed that artificial shelter surveys did not negatively affect either A. parapulchella or habitat condition. The novel, low‐impact monitoring method allows monitoring for the species to be undertaken more frequently and thereby allows land managers and conservation practitioners an opportunity to respond faster to population change.
The impact of indoor pollution on asthma‐related outcomes: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma
Authors: Agache Ioana , Canelo‐Aybar Carlos , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella , Cecchi Lorenzo , Biagioni Benedetta , Chung Fan , D'Amato Gennaro , Damialis Athanasios , Del Giacco Stefano , De las Vecillas Leticia , Dominguez‐Ortega Javier , Galàn Carmen , Gilles Stefanie , Giovannini Mattia , Holgate Stephen , Jeebhay Mohamed , Nadeau Kari , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Quirce Santiago , Sastre Joaquin , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Walusiak‐Skorupa Jolanta , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Salazar Josefina , Rodríguez‐Tanta L. Yesenia , Cantero Yahveth , Montesinos‐Guevara Camila , Song Yang , Alvarado‐Gamarra Giancarlo , Sola Ivan , Alonso‐Coello Pablo , Nieto‐Gutierrez Wendy , Jutel Marek , Akdis Cezmi A.
Published: February 2024

Systematic review using GRADE of the impact of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cleaning agents, mould/damp, pesticides on the risk of (i) new‐onset asthma (incidence) and (ii) adverse asthma‐related outcomes (impact). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for indoor pollutant exposure studies reporting on new‐onset asthma and critical and important asthma‐related outcomes. Ninety four studies were included: 11 for VOCs (7 for incidenceand 4 for impact), 25 for cleaning agents (7 for incidenceand 8 for impact), 48 for damp/mould (26 for incidence and 22 for impact) and 10 for pesticides (8 for incidence and 2 for impact). Exposure to damp/mould increases the risk of new‐onset wheeze (moderate certainty evidence). Exposure to cleaning agents may be associated with a higher risk of new‐onset asthma and with asthma severity (low level of certainty). Exposure to pesticides and VOCs may increase the risk of new‐onset asthma (very low certainty evidence). The impact on asthma‐related outcomes of all major indoor pollutants is uncertain. As the level of certainty is low or very low for most of the available evidence on the impact of indoor pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes more rigorous research in the field is warranted.
Best supportive care in advanced pancreas cancer: a systematic review to define a patient‐care bundle
Authors: Law Bena , Windsor John , Connor Saxon , Koea Jonathan , Srinivasa Sanket
Published: February 2024

Background

The majority of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have advanced disease at presentation, preventing treatment with curative intent. Management of these patients is often provided by surgical teams for whom there are a lack of widely accepted strategies for care. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to identify key issues in patients with advanced PDAC and integrate the evidence to form a care bundle checklist for use in surgical clinics.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed regarding best supportive care for advanced PDAC according to the PRISMA guidelines. Interventions pertaining to supportive care were included whilst preventative and curative treatments were excluded. A narrative review was planned.

Results

Forty‐four studies were assessed and four themes were developed: (i) Pain is an undertreated symptom, requiring escalating analgesics and sometimes invasive modalities. (ii) Health‐related quality of life necessitates optimisation by involving family, carers and multi‐disciplinary teams. (iii) Malnutrition and weight loss can be mitigated with early assessment, replacement therapies and resistance exercise. (iv) Biliary and duodenal obstruction can often be relieved by endoscopic/radiological interventions with surgery rarely required.

Conclusion

This is the first systematic review to evaluate the different types of interventions utilized during best supportive care in patients with advanced PDAC. It provides a comprehensive care bundle for surgeons that informs management of the common issues experienced by patients within a multidisciplinary environment.
Review of Māori equity in surgical trainee selection
Authors: Fisher Calum , Bird Philip , McCombie Andrew , Huria Tania , Love Rachelle
Published: February 2024

Background

The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) aims to achieve Māori health equity and cultural safety within the surgical workforce. The RACS Māori Health Strategy and Action Plans encourage Surgical Education and Training (SET) selection criteria that recognizes and credit applicants who identify as Māori or demonstrate competence in Māori health issues. This study investigates the current SET selection criteria for Māori entering surgical specialties.

Methods

The selection criteria for each surgical speciality for the proposed 2024 intake were examined through a documentary analysis. Criteria were reviewed for applicability to Māori identification and/or cultural competency.

Results

Criteria related to Māori identification and/or cultural competency make up 6%, 2%, and 1.5% of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, General, and Vascular Surgery total SET selection score respectively. Criteria related to Māori identification and/or cultural competency make up 9% and 0.1% of Orthopaedic and Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery ranking scores for interview eligibility respectively. Cardiothoracic Surgery, Paediatric Surgery, Neurosurgery and Urology specialties do not incorporate any criteria appertaining to Māori. Allocation of research‐related points determined by authorship may disincentivize Māori trainees.

Conclusions

Some surgical specialties fail to recognize or credit Māori identification and cultural competency in SET selection criteria. There is a need for regular auditing to ensure SET criteria align with the RACS aspirations for Māori health equity and cultural safety within the surgical workforce.
Transient synovitis of the hip: Development and validation of a new diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Benoit Justine , El Khalifi Siham , Saoudi Colin , De Jorna Claire , Dubos François
Published: February 2024

Aim

To develop and validate an algorithm to rapidly distinguish transient synovitis (TS) of the hip from differential diagnoses without additional tests.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all children admitted for non‐traumatic limping in the emergency department at Lille University‐Hospital between 2016 and 2020. The gold standard was a definitive diagnosis at follow‐up visit. All variables associated with acute limping in children were analysed in univariate and multivariable analyses. An algorithm was then developed using recursive partitioning and validated internally on a subset of patients.

Results

There were 995 patients included (mean age 5.3 years; males 63%); 337 had a TS including 210 confirmed at follow‐up visit and 354 another diagnosis. After multivariable analysis, the relevant variables for distinguishing between TS and differential diagnoses were: age 3–10 years, absence of fever, absence of local inflammation, sudden onset of limping on awakening. An algorithm combining these variables was developed (n = 297) and validated internally (n = 175) for children >12 months with limping for ≤10 days, with a specificity of 98.2% and a positive likelihood ratio of 19.6. No serious differential diagnoses were missed.

Conclusion

Use of this algorithm enables the diagnosis of TS without additional tests and without missing serious differential diagnoses.
The role of the concept of solidarity for just distribution of bioethical goods in the international area
Authors: Wolf Nadja
Published: February 2024

This analysis investigates whether solidarity is an appropriate concept for thinking about justifications for a just distribution of bioethical goods in the international arena. This will be explored by looking at the national origins of the idea of justifying solidarity in the form of the health care that welfare states offer. Following that, ‘life’ and ‘health’ will be placed within a philosophical context by focusing on the main arguments of John Rawls and Amartya Sen and the role of solidarity in these two theories of justice will be analysed. It will be shown that these theories assume that solidarity is not a prerequisite for just international structures. Finally, the possibility will be discussed, that there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding justifications for fair distribution in the international context that can result when the concepts of solidarity and justice are handled imprecisely.
Woody debris removal modifies carbon stocks and soil properties in a fragmented tropical rainforest
Authors: Nandakumar Rohit , Kumar Vijay S. , Karthick Vijay , Osuri Anand M.
Published: February 2024

We examined whether and how woody debris removal for domestic fuel affects carbon storage and soil properties in an Indian rainforest. Fuelwood removal reduced aboveground carbon stocks, increased soil bulk density, and possibly reduced soil phosphorus stocks. Equitably balancing this subtle trade‐off between climate‐regulating and vital, widely utilized provisioning functions, is a challenge for tropical forest research and management.
Do reflection prompts promote children's conflict monitoring and revision of misconceptions?
Authors: Theobald Maria , Colantonio Joseph , Bascandziev Igor , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Brod Garvin
Published: February 2024

We tested whether reflection prompts enhance conflict monitoring and facilitate the revision of misconceptions. German children (N = 97, Mage = 7.20, 56% female) were assigned to a prediction or a prediction with reflection condition that included reflection prompts. Children in the prediction with reflection condition (1) showed greater error‐related response times and pupil dilation responses, indicating better conflict monitoring, and (2) performed closer to an optimal Bayesian learner, indicating better monitoring‐based control. However, by the end of the study, all children had similar levels of misconception revision. Thus, reflection prompts can enhance learning from anomalous evidence by improving conflict monitoring, but they may need to be repeated often to sustain their beneficial effects.
Evaluation of the extracts of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as natural pH‐indicator dyes anticipated to be utilised in intelligent food packaging—an optimisation study
Authors: Erez Elif , Bayramoglu Beste
Published: February 2024

Purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) extract has significant potential as a natural colorimetric pH‐indicator material owing to its abundance in anthocyanins. This contribution is the first to optimise the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of purple basil by response surface methodology in terms of maximum total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) content and pH‐dependent increase in green intensity (IGI) using a three‐level, three‐factor Box–Behnken design. The latter was considered as a measure of the pH‐indicator ability of the extracts. The independent variables were ethanol concentration, solvent/solid ratio, and extraction time for two types of solvents [aqueous ethanol with 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid (Ac) or hydrochloric acid]. Optimum conditions were determined for single and combined responses. The extracts were further characterised according to total phenolic content (TPC), percentage polymeric colour (PPC), 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. All models explained more than 93% of the variability. The combined response model for the Ac‐acidified system gave more favourable optimal conditions [55.25% (v/v) ethanol, 30 mL/g solvent/solid ratio and 39.24 min] regarding lower ethanol consumption and shorter times. Validation experiments verified the model successfully predicted the responses. The corresponding TMA, IGI, PPC, TPC, ABTS, and DPPH values were determined as 4.83 ± 0.18 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalent, 2.29 ± 0.05, 68.07 ± 3.17, 28.79 ± 1.54 mg gallic acid equivalent, 55.85 ± 1.71 mg Trolox equivalent, and 16.80 ± 1.08 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram dry weight, respectively.
Can government supervision alleviate the deviation of enterprises from the real economy to the financial sector: Evidence from China
Authors: Liang Shangkun , Xue Weizhi , Yang Dan
Published: February 2024

In China, the deviation of enterprises from the real economy to the financial sector has raised concerns. Using a sample of listed companies held by central state‐owned enterprises from 2009 to 2018, we investigate the influence of government supervision on this deviation. We find that government supervision effectively reduces investments in financial assets by central state‐owned enterprises. The impact is more significant in enterprises with internal control deficiencies, especially in those related to finance. Further study finds that the effect of government supervision conducted for the first time, second time, and third time shows a decreasing trend.
Minimum clinical utility standards for wearable seizure detectors: A simulation study
Authors: Goldenholz Daniel M. , Karoly Philippa J. , Viana Pedro F. , Nurse Ewan , Loddenkemper Tobias , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Vieluf Solveig , Bruno Elisa , Nasseri Mona , Richardson Mark P. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Westover M. Brandon
Published: February 2024

Objective

Epilepsy management employs self‐reported seizure diaries, despite evidence of seizure underreporting. Wearable and implantable seizure detection devices are now becoming more widely available. There are no clear guidelines about what levels of accuracy are sufficient. This study aimed to simulate clinical use cases and identify the necessary level of accuracy for each.

Methods

Using a realistic seizure simulator (CHOCOLATES), a ground truth was produced, which was then sampled to generate signals from simulated seizure detectors of various capabilities. Five use cases were evaluated: (1) randomized clinical trials (RCTs), (2) medication adjustment in clinic, (3) injury prevention, (4) sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) prevention, and (5) treatment of seizure clusters. We considered sensitivity (0%–100%), false alarm rate (FAR; 0–2/day), and device type (external wearable vs. implant) in each scenario.

Results

The RCT case was efficient for a wide range of wearable parameters, though implantable devices were preferred. Lower accuracy wearables resulted in subtle changes in the distribution of patients enrolled in RCTs, and therefore higher sensitivity and lower FAR values were preferred. In the clinic case, a wide range of sensitivity, FAR, and device type yielded similar results. For injury prevention, SUDEP prevention, and seizure cluster treatment, each scenario required high sensitivity and yet was minimally influenced by FAR.

Significance

The choice of use case is paramount in determining acceptable accuracy levels for a wearable seizure detection device. We offer simulation results for determining and verifying utility for specific use case and specific wearable parameters.
Linking crustacean life history to fishery management controls and reference points
Authors: Willse Nathaniel , Ober Claire , Chang Hsiao‐Yun , Harlisa Harlisa , Ernawati Tri , Kembaren Duranta D. , Szuwalski Cody , Wilberg Michael J. , Chen Yong , Kleisner Kristin M.
Published: February 2024

Management of crustacean fisheries is often data‐limited, and techniques used in finfish fisheries are often inappropriate for crustaceans due to life‐history differences. Limitations in modeling capacity and data availability make it difficult to determine the status of crustacean stocks using model‐based biological reference points (BRPs), but BRPs are a key component of successful fisheries management. Using crustacean fishery case studies depicting model‐based and empirical management strategies, we synthesized the current state of crustacean fisheries management with respect to data availability and use of management controls. Input and output controls can be successful with supplemental BRPs, but whatever methods are used must explicitly consider species' unique life‐history characteristics. In data‐limited fisheries, output controls can effectively conserve a species under high levels of exploitation. Implementation of discrete BRPs can improve sustainability of both emerging and data‐rich crustacean fisheries, to make these quantitative metrics a valuable tool for crustacean management globally.
Increased signal of fishing pressure on community life‐history traits at larger spatial scales
Authors: McKeon Caroline M. , Buckley Yvonne M. , Moriarty Meadhbh , Lundy Mathieu , Kelly Ruth
Published: February 2024

Aim

Human pressure in the oceans is pervasive and affects marine life. Understanding species' differing responses to human pressure, and how human pressure compares to other environmental variables in shaping marine communities is needed to facilitate the sustainable management of the seas. Despite theory and empirical evidence that fishing pressure affects marine life‐history strategies, several recent large‐scale studies have not shown strong relationships between fishing pressure and community composition. We aim to reconcile theory with data and explain these variable findings, testing the hypothesis that the signal of the effect of fishing pressure on marine communities depends on the scale at which the community is defined.

Location

North East Atlantic.

Time Period

2009 to 2021.

Major Taxa Studied

Marine vertebrates (Teleostei, Elasmobranchii, Petromyzonti, Holocephali).

Methods

We collate extensive scientific marine biodiversity surveys, published life‐history traits and high‐resolution annual fishing pressure data. Using frequentist Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we assess whether community mean weighted life‐history traits correlate with fishing pressure, sea surface temperature and depth and whether the strength of these relationships are scale dependant.

Results

We show fish community life‐history strategy correlates with fishing pressure, and the relative importance of fishing pressure compared to environmental variables increases with the scale at which a community is defined.

Main Conclusions

We suggest this scale dependence relates to the spatial extent over which covariates vary, and how fish movement moderates communities' experience of this variability. Our findings highlight the importance of explicit consideration of scale in ecological research, supporting the idea that studying systems at ecologically relevant scales is necessary to detect and appropriately interpret the effects of global change.
Association between subjective physical function and occurrence of new fractures in older adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sato So , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Aso Shotaro , Okada Akira , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: February 2024

Background

The Late‐Stage Elderly Questionnaire has been incorporated into health assessments for older adults in Japan, encompassing three self‐administered questions on subjective physical function: subjective gait speed decline, recent fall history, and exercise habits. Nevertheless, its efficacy in predicting new fracture occurrences remains uncertain.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized Japan's DeSC database, a large commercially available claims database. Participants were older adults aged ≥75 years and provided complete responses to the Late‐Stage Elderly Questionnaire at health check‐ups. We performed two Cox regression analyses for new fractures based on the responses to the three questions (Model 1) and on age, sex, and responses to the three questions (Model 2). The predictive abilities of the 1‐year occurrence of new fractures were compared between the two models.

Results

Of 11 683 eligible older adults, 927 (7.93%) experienced new fractures. Model 1 revealed significant associations between new fractures and subjective gait speed decline (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–1.89), recent fall history (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.77–2.33), and absence of exercise habits (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13–1.47). Model 2 demonstrated superior predictive ability (area under the curve, 0.677; 95% CI, 0.659–0.695) compared with Model 1 (area under the curve, 0.633; 95% CI, 0.614–0.652), with a net reclassification improvement of 0.383 (95% CI, 0.317–0.449).

Conclusion

Three subjective physical well‐being factors were significantly associated with new fracture development in older adults. These results suggest that the three‐question assessment may be a valuable screening tool for identifying new fractures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 337–343.
Scope and inclination of voluntary service for urban community‐living older adults provided by volunteers with nursing background: A qualitative study
Authors: Huang Lei , Wu Hongyan , Zhang Fengjian , Peng Xiao , Guo Lin , Liao Lulu , Hu Mengyun , Wang Shuang , Guan Chunyan , Liu Yilan
Published: February 2024

Background

With the growing challenge of an aging population, addressing the needs of elderly individuals who face living difficulties and lack family support becomes increasingly difficult. Volunteer services are crucial in this context, yet their effectiveness is hindered by unclear service scopes and uncertain volunteer inclinations.

Aim

To explore the role and specific preference of volunteers with nursing backgrounds in support of older adults living in the urban community.

Design, Setting and Participants

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between September and October 2022. Twenty‐three participants (hospital nurses [10], community nurses [4], nursing teachers [4] and nursing students [5]) were selected. Data analysis followed conventional content analysis.

Results

Nine major themes were identified based on interview data. Four themes described the service scope of nursing volunteers: (1) environment domain, (2) physiological domain, (3) psychosocial domain and (4) health‐related behaviours domain. Another five themes highlighted the service inclination of these volunteers: (1) service frequency, (2) service duration per person/time, (3) service coverage, (4) service place and (5) service object.

Conclusion

This study clarifies the service focus and scope of necessary support for volunteers, exploring the potential service capabilities of scarce volunteers to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the results of this study also provide a foundation for stakeholders to fully exploit the synergy. The important findings of this study will help the government and relevant authorities better understand the service attributes of nursing volunteers, allowing them to develop detailed training plans and provide nursing volunteers with targeted support and assistance to meet the health expectations of urban community‐living older adults in need.

Patient or Public Contribution

Developing research questions, participation and conduct and provision and interpretation of evidence.
Apatite U–Pb geochronology and whole rock, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic geochemistry of XV mafic‐ultramafic intrusion, Bafq, Central Iran: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting
Authors: Amraei Sakine , Yazdi Mohammad , Qiu Liang , Wu Chang‐Zhi , Chen Lei , Moine Bertrand , Ghasemi Siani Majid , Zhang Qihui , Rajabpour Shahrokh
Published: February 2024

The XV mafic‐ultramafic intrusion is located in the western part of the Posht‐e‐Badam Block (PBB) within the Central Iranian Micro‐Continent (CIMC). Petrographically, the intrusion is composed of gabbro and pyroxenite. Apatite U–Pb dating has established the crystallization age of this intrusion to be 363 ± 67 Ma. The XV intrusive rocks are tholeiitic to slightly calc‐alkaline in nature and are characterized by an enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) and Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE), respectively. The major oxide elements display continuous trends relative to SiO2. The 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios range from 0.7045 to 0.7056, and the εNd(i) values range from 2.63 to 3.30. In addition, the 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios exhibit a narrow range, varying from 18.68 to 18.70, 15.67 to 15.71, and 38.84 to 38.99, respectively. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the parental magma was derived from a Sub‐ Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) that was modified by oceanic slab‐derived components. The locations of the XV intrusive rocks in εNd(i) versus TDM (Ga) and Nb/La versus discrimination diagrams further support this conclusion. Fractional crystallization is identified as the dominant process influencing the formation of distinct lithological units within the XV intrusive rocks. Our newly presented isotopic and geochronological data, when considered in the regional context, suggest that the XV intrusive rocks were formed in an extensional tectonic setting. In this scenario, upwelling from the asthenospheric mantle induced heating, leading to the melting of previously subduction‐modified SCLM. Comparative analysis with previously published ages indicates that extensional magmatism in the PBB continued into the Middle Paleozoic.
Hope for the environment: Influence of goal and temporal focus of emotions on behavior
Authors: Lagomarsino Maria , Lemarié Linda
Published: February 2024

Although positive emotions generally influence pro‐environmental behaviors positively, this is not always the case. Across one correlational and two experimental studies, we address this issue by investigating the temporal dimension of pro‐environmental actions and how emotions can affect them. In the first study, we focused on the temporal dilemma behind pro‐environmental behaviors, confirming the importance of “thinking about the future of the planet” for the adoption of various pro‐environmental behaviors. In the second study, we examined the effect of eliciting positive emotions and the mediating role of the temporal focus induced by emotions. In this second study, we observed the superior effectiveness of eliciting future positive emotions (hope) compared with present positive emotions (amusement) in the adoption of pro‐environmental behaviors. Finally, in a third study, we distinguished between integral and incidental hope, showing that the effect on pro‐environmental behaviors is the strongest when hope is experienced about the future of the planet compared with when there is a general unspecific hope. Overall, our findings show the importance of investigating the unique effect of positive emotions, providing clear indications for practitioners about the beneficial effect of integral hope in the environmental context.
A powerful tip: Power's impact on tipping behavior
Authors: Khandeparkar Kapil , Motiani Manoj , Chaurasia Sushil S. , Chowdhury Joy
Published: February 2024

The practice of tipping is omnipresent in the tourism and hospitality sector. Although, consumer's tipping behavior has been studied from myriad perspectives, it is surprising that extant research has not yet explored how consumers' in different power states can be nudged to tip more. With the help of five studies in the lab and field, the results demonstrate that a low‐power state is conducive for generating a higher tip if consumers' focus is on others due to enhanced empathy. Furthermore, as per the compensatory consumption model, powerless consumers desire power, so they are more likely to tip higher than powerful people when tipping is associated with status. Lastly, powerful consumers' propensity to tip higher is initiated when the expectations that others hold from them are made salient. Implementing these findings can maximize business' tipping revenue from both the powerful and the powerless consumers.
Support for dermatological research in Sub‐Saharan Africa: insights from African hair and skin research programs
Authors: De Faverney Pierre M. , Molamodi Kwezikazi , Tancrede‐Bohin Emmanuelle , Verschoore Michéle
Published: February 2024

Background

The structure and physiology of skin and hair in people of African ancestry are different from other ethnic categories and studies from other continents cannot necessarily be extrapolated to Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) due to the differences in genetics, lifestyle, climate, cultures, and hair and skin care practices. The aim of this report is to highlight the recent advances in local skin and hair research in SSA from a grant program.

Methods

African Hair and Skin Research Grants from an industrial sponsor were awarded between 2013 and 2022 on five main topics: acne, hair and scalp, keloid scars, atopic dermatitis, and air pollution. A literature search in Scopus identified publications on these topics in African or black skin in SSA and worldwide to provide insight into the impact of the program.

Results

The number of publications from around the world on the skin and hair of people of African ancestry has increased significantly over the past 30 years on all five topics, especially as a result studies conducted in the United States. Fewer studies have been conducted in SSA but there has been an increasing number of publications over the past 10 years, especially from South Africa.

Conclusions

Scientific and clinical partnerships between the industry, academia, and public healthcare sectors have contributed to a steady increase in hair and skin publications from SSA, which may be useful for the development of tailored products and public educational campaigns to raise awareness of the risks of using inappropriate products.
Atypical plaque psoriasis: a clinicopathological study of 20 cases
Authors: Luo Si‐Yu , Zhou Kai‐Yi , Wang Qin‐Xiao , Deng Li‐Jia , Fang Sheng
Published: February 2024

Background

Plaque psoriasis is relatively straightforward to identify. When diagnostic concerns arise in atypical cases, a biopsy is needed. It is widely accepted that the Munro microabscess and the spongiform pustule of Kogoj are diagnostic pathological features. However, the diagnostic dilemma is likely to arise in cases without these specific pathological changes and typical clinical features. This study aimed to investigate clinical and pathological clues in distinguishing atypical plaque psoriasis from its mimics.

Methods

We evaluated the clinicopathological features of 20 cases of atypical plaque psoriasis and 40 cases of psoriasis mimics as controls including pityriasis rosea (n = 10), pityriasis lichenoides chronica (n = 8), and subacute dermatitis (n = 22).

Results

A retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with atypical plaque psoriasis and controls was performed. Pathologically, there were significant differences between the two groups in the types of parakeratosis (P = 0.046), epidermal capture of extravasated erythrocytes (P = 0.011), focal basal liquefied degeneration (P = 0.017), types of inflammatory cells (P = 0.000), and depth of inflammation (P = 0.000). Clinically, we found the presence of scales and crusts was significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study offers insight into the clinicopathological features of atypical plaque psoriasis. These differential diagnostic features, compared with its mimics, are proposed to assist the clinician in the diagnosis and treatment of atypical plaque psoriasis.
Effects of chitinous materials sequentially extracted from crawfish and blue crab on the physicochemical properties of emulsified pork sausages
Authors: Seo Jin‐Kyu , Kim Hyun‐Wook , Lee Yong‐Jae , Yang Han‐Sul , Kim Brad Yuan H.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to determine the functional properties of chitinous materials (CMs) extracted from crustacean shells as multifunctional non‐meat ingredients in emulsified sausage. The CMs were separated from blue crab and crawfish and classified into four types (dehydration, DeH; deproteinization, DeP; demineralization, DeM; deacetylation, DeA) based on the extraction step. Functional properties of different CM types according to the extraction step were assessed using both meat batter and emulsified sausage systems. Among the CMs, the functional characteristics of DeP and DeM exhibited higher binding and emulsion capacity and showed more redness than other CMs (P < 0.05). Compared to the non‐CM added control, the emulsified sausages including CMs showed higher emulsion stability (P < 0.05). The sausages manufactured with DeP or DeM showed higher redness and hardness and lower cooking loss than the control (P < 0.05). During refrigerated storage, emulsified sausages with DeH and DeP inhibited the lipid oxidation compared to those of control (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that DeP or DeM inclusion can improve binding ability and colour as well as lipid oxidation in emulsified sausage. Thus, it can be used as a novel non‐meat ingredient to improve functional and technological properties of processed meat.
Current status and future perspectives on robot‐assisted kidney autotransplantation: A literature review
Authors: Sekito Takanori , Yamanoi Tomoaki , Sadahira Takuya , Yoshinaga Kasumi , Maruyama Yuki , Tominaga Yusuke , Katayama Satoshi , Iwata Takehiro , Nishimura Shingo , Bekku Kensuke , Edamura Kohei , Kobayashi Tomoko , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Araki Motoo
Published: February 2024

This review presents the latest insights on robot‐assisted kidney autotransplantation (RAKAT). RAKAT is a minimally invasive surgical procedure and represents a promising alternative to conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy followed by open kidney transplantation for the treatment of various complex urological and vascular conditions. RAKAT can be performed either extracorporeally or intracorporeally. Additionally, a single‐port approach can be performed through one small incision without the need to reposition the patient. Of 86 patients undergoing RAKAT, 8 (9.3%) developed postoperative > Grade 2 Clavien‐Dindo (CD) complications. Although the feasibility of RAKAT was established in 2014, the long‐term efficacy and safety along with outcomes of this surgical approach are still being evaluated, and additional studies are needed. With improvements in the technology of RAKAT and as surgeons gain more experience, RAKAT should become increasingly used and further refined, thereby leading to improved surgical outcomes and improved patients' quality of life.