bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern on Silent Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chokesuwattanaskul Anthipa , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Bathini Tarun , Mao Michael A. , Cato Liam D. , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai
Published: June 2020

Background

Abnormal circadian blood pressure (
BP
) variations during sleep, specifically the non‐dipping (<10% fall in nocturnal
BP
) and reverse‐dipping patterns (rise in nocturnal
BP
), have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and target organ damage. However, the relationship between abnormal sleep
BP
variations and cerebral small vessel disease markers is poorly established. This study aims to assess the association between non‐dipping and reverse‐dipping
BP
patterns with markers of silent cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods and Results

MEDLINE
, Embase, and Cochrane Databases were searched from inception through November 2019. Studies that reported the odds ratios (ORs) for cerebral small vessel disease markers in patients with non‐dipping or reverse‐dipping
BP
patterns were included. Effect estimates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using the random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Twelve observational studies composed of 3497 patients were included in this analysis. The reverse‐dipping compared with normal dipping
BP
pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of white matter hyperintensity with a pooled adjusted OR of 2.00 (95%
CI
, 1.13–2.37; I
2
=36%). Non‐dipping
BP
pattern compared with normal dipping
BP
pattern was associated with higher prevalence of white matter hyperintensity and asymptomatic lacunar infarction, with pooled
OR
s of 1.38 (95%
CI
, 0.95–2.02; I
2
=52%) and 2.33 (95%
CI
, 1.30–4.18; I
2
=73%), respectively. Limiting to only studies with confounder‐adjusted analysis resulted in a pooled
OR
of 1.38 (95%
CI
, 0.95–2.02; I
2
=52%) for white matter hyperintensity and 1.44 (95%
CI
, 0.97–2.13; I
2
=0%) for asymptomatic lacunar infarction.

Conclusions

The non‐dipping and reverse‐dipping
BP
patterns are associated with neuroimaging cerebral small vessel disease markers.
Strategic Deployment of Cardiology Fellows in Training Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Coronavirus Disease 2019 Framework
Authors: Gallagher Michael J. , Bloomingdale Richard , Berman Aaron D. , Williamson Brian D. , Dixon Simon R. , Safian Robert D.
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 is a global pandemic affecting >3 million people in >170 countries, resulting in >200 000 deaths; 35% to 40% of patients and deaths are in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 crisis is placing an enormous burden on health care in the United States, including residency and fellowship training programs. The balance between mitigation, training and education, and patient care is the ultimate determinant of the role of cardiology fellows in training during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. On March 24, 2020, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education issued a formal response to the pandemic crisis and described a framework for operation of graduate medical education programs. Guidance for deployment of cardiology fellows in training during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis is based on the principles of a medical mission, and adherence to preparation, protection, and support of our fellows in training. The purpose of this review is to describe our departmental strategic deployment of cardiology fellows in training using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education framework for pandemic preparedness.
論「抴/曳」與「掣」的源流關係及其在閩南、閩東若干方言的發展演變
Authors: 倫 杜佳
Published: June 2020

提要

本文藉由彙整、析論古漢語「抴/曳」與「掣」的語義用法及其所處語詞孳生脈絡，對照閩南、閩東若干方言相關語詞的語義用法及其發展演變，閩南方言以廈門話、台灣閩南語為例，閩東方言則以福州話、馬來西亞詩巫閩清話為例，進而探究兩者之間密切的源流關係以及方言內部的個別發展。我們一方面彙整閩南方言tsʰua7、tsʰuaʔ4 具體的語義用例，同時也列舉閩東方言相應語詞的語義用例；另一方面藉由爬梳古漢語文獻來詳細探究漢語詞「抴/曳」與「掣」的語義用法以及其音義孳乳關係；最後從歷史音韻規則與語義對應關係，辨析漢語詞「抴/曳/掣/泄」在閩語的發展與演變。
The World by Religion
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Crossing Peter F.
Published: May 2020

The following tables represent the results of analysis of data on religion for all of the countries of the world which appear in the World Religion Database (Johnson and Grim 2008). These data are collected at the national level from a number of sources including censuses, surveys, polls, religious communities, scholars, and others.
Like Parent, Like Millennial: Inherited and Switched (Non)Religion among Young Adults in the U.S. and Canada
Authors: Wilkins-Laflamme Sarah
Published: May 2020

Using novel quantitative data from the Millennial Trends Survey administered online in March 2019 with over 2,500 respondents between the ages of 18 and 35 in both Canada and the U.S., we examine in detail inherited (non)religion as well as intergenerational conversion and disaffiliation among young adult birth cohorts. Key results include approximately two thirds of Millennials in our sample belonging to the same (non)religious tradition of at least one of their parents. Among the remaining one third who did have a different religious (non)affiliation than their parents at the time of the survey, intergenerational disaffiliation was the most common change present: especially in Canada, but also in the U.S. Intergenerational retention of nonreligion among families where both parents are nonreligious are especially high among Millennials in both countries, a characteristic of this generation’s much more secular social milieu.
Composite In Situ Microphysical Analysis of All Spiral Vertical Profiles Executed within BAMEX and PECAN Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Stechman Daniel M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rauber Robert M. , Jewett Brian F. , Black Robert A.
Published: June 2020

Vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, cloud particle concentration, median mass dimension, and mass content were derived using instruments on the NOAA P-3 aircraft for 37 spiral ascents/descents flown within five mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) project, and 16 spiral descents of the NOAA P-3 within 10 MCSs during the 2003 Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX). The statistical distribution of thermodynamic and microphysical properties within these spirals is presented in context of three primary MCS regions—the transition zone (TZ), enhanced stratiform rain region (ESR), and the anvil region (AR)—allowing deductions concerning the relative importance and nature of microphysical processes in each region. Aggregation was ubiquitous across all MCS zones at subfreezing temperatures, where the degree of ambient subsaturation, if present, moderated the effectiveness of this process via sublimation. The predominately ice-supersaturated ESR experienced the least impact of sublimation on microphysical characteristics relative to the TZ and AR. Aggregation was most limited by sublimation in the ice-subsaturated AR, where total particle number and mass concentrations decreased most rapidly with increasing temperature. Sublimation cooling at the surface of ice particles in the TZ, the driest of the three regions, allowed ice to survive to temperatures as high as +6.8°C. Two spirals executed behind a frontal squall line exhibited a high incidence of pristine ice crystals, and notably different characteristics from most other spirals. Gradual meso- to synoptic-scale ascent in this region likely contributed to the observed differences.
An Algorithm to Derive Temperature and Humidity Profile Changes Using Spatially and Temporally Averaged Spectral Radiance Differences
Authors: Pan Fang , Kato Seiji , Rose Fred G. , Radkevich Alexander , Liu Xu , Huang Xianglei
Published: June 2020

A linear inversion algorithm to derive changes of surface skin temperature and atmospheric temperature and specific humidity vertical profiles using spatially and temporally averaged spectral radiance differences is developed. The algorithm uses spectral radiative kernels, which is the top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance change caused by perturbations of skin temperature and air temperature and specific humidity in the atmosphere, and is an improved version of the algorithm used in earlier studies. Two improvements are the inclusion of the residual and cloud spectral kernels in the form of eigenvectors of principal components. Three and six eigenvectors are used for, respectively, the residual and cloud spectral kernels. An underlying assumption is that the spectral shape of the principal components is constant and their magnitude varies temporally and spatially. The algorithm is tested using synthetic spectral radiances with the spectral range of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder averaged over 16 days and over a 10° × 10° grid box. Changes of skin temperature, air temperature, and specific humidity vertical profiles are derived from the difference of nadir-view all-sky spectral radiances. The root-mean-square difference of retrieved and true skin temperature differences is 0.59 K. The median of absolute errors in the air temperature change is less than 0.5 K above 925 hPa. The median of absolute errors in the relative specific humidity changes is less than 10% above 825 hPa.
Laptop or Bust: How Lack of Technology Affects Student Achievement
Authors: Reisdorf Bianca C. , Triwibowo Whisnu , Yankelevich Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

Research shows that digital divides and inequalities are related to lower socioeconomic status and detrimental to social and economic capital acquisition. Other studies show that use of information and communication technologies in the classroom can lead to worse academic performance. Nevertheless, many universities require that students own or buy a laptop, and many offer financial aid for students who cannot afford to buy one. As such, laptop ownership may be crucially tied to academic performance. Based on a large data set of incoming freshmen at a large public university in the United States, this article shows that not owning a laptop is negatively associated with overall college performance, even when controlling for socioeconomic background. Whereas we find that laptop ownership is not necessarily responsible for the higher performance of individuals in our broader sample, it could be beneficial to nonowners, which has implications for university policies seeking to provide institution-wide access to laptops and for universities’ broader interactions with students who do not own a laptop.
Stereotype Threat in a Video Game Context and Its Influence on Perceptions of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Avatar-Induced Active Self-Concept as a Possible Mitigator
Authors: Fordham Joseph , Ratan Rabindra , Huang Kuo-Ting , Silva Kyle
Published: June 2020

The connection between video games and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields has become a key focus for education and game scholars alike. While games may have the power to bring more students toward STEM fields, gender stereotypes about gaming ability may hinder this potential. To examine this issue, two studies were conducted to investigate whether stereotype threat induced in a gaming context would affect players’ game performance and their perceptions of STEM fields. The first study found that priming gender stereotypes influenced female participants’ video game performance as well as interest in and perceptions of STEM fields. A second study investigated this relationship through the use of both overtly gendered and nongendered forms of stereotype threat as well as avatar-induced identity salience. Interaction effects found between implicit/explicit stereotype threat and identity salience suggest a relationship between forms of stereotype threat and active self-concept.
The Influence of Binocular Vision Symptoms on Computerized Neurocognitive Testing of Adolescents With Concussion
Authors: Peiffer Adam J. , MacDonald James , Duerson Drew , Mitchell Gladys , Hartwick Andrew T. E. , McDaniel Catherine E.
Published: June 2020

Binocular vision disorders are commonly found postconcussion and associated with high symptom burden. We investigated the relationship between binocular vision symptoms and neurocognitive test performance. Thirty-four adolescents with concussion and 18 without concussion were assessed for cognitive performance using the CogState Brief Battery. Binocular vision disorders were determined using clinical examination and vision symptoms with the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS). A cutoff CISS score of 13 had high predictive accuracy for identifying individuals with a binocular vision disorder. CogState scores for processing speed and attention were significantly lower in the concussion group compared with the control group. Within the concussion group, scores for attention, learning, and working memory were significantly lower in those with vision symptoms. The presence of vision symptoms did not significantly affect CogState scores within the control group. The presence of vision symptoms in individuals with concussion is associated with significantly reduced scores on individual components of the CogState.
The Benedictine Priory of St. Cross in Trnava: An Unknown Benedictine Priory Church in the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages
Authors: Rabik Vladimir , Marincak Simon
Published: June 2020

As part of the medieval structure of Hungarian urban settlements, Trnava was one of the most prestigious cities. This was due not only to the fact that this settlement dated back to before the era of the Kingdom of Hungary (9th–10th centuries) and to international trade, but also to the fact that Trnava, at the end of 10th and the beginning of 11th centuries, became one of the residences of the Hungarian monarchs. It is precisely such an economic and social status that led to the relatively early transformation of Trnava into an urban settlement, and it was one of the first settlements of this kind within the whole of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Relationship between coaches’ health promotion activities, sports experience and health among adults
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Johnson Stacey , Geidne Susanna , Vuillemin Anne
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Health promotion in sports clubs is receiving increased attention, but its benefits have not been widely evaluated for two reasons: (1) the difficulty in measuring ecological approach outcomes and (2) the existing literature having focused more on coaches’ efficiency rather than on health promotion. This article analyses the relationship between coaches’ health promotion activities, sports experience and health among adult sports participants.

Design:

A cross-sectional study using self-reported measurement among 204 adult sports participants ( Mage = 49.05). A questionnaire measuring demographics, coaches’ health promotion activities (healthy lifestyle, substance use and respect for oneself and others), sports experience (enjoyment, subjective vitality) and health (perceived health and quality of life, self-esteem) was completed either before or after a training session.

Setting:

Sixteen sports clubs in France

Method:

Multilevel analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between health promotion, sports experience and health outcomes, while t-tests compared differences between male adult and youth samples.

Results:

Adult perceptions of coaches’ health promotion activities were linked to enjoyment, perceived health and subjective vitality. The topic ‘healthy lifestyle’ was related to enjoyment and perceived health among adults. The topic ‘respect for oneself and others’ was related to self-esteem.

Conclusion:

Adult and youth perceptions of coaches’ health promotion activities vary and are linked to different health outcomes. More research is needed to better identify the benefits of health promotion in sports clubs for sports participants, including longitudinal studies to explore causal relationships between variables.
The Dynamics of Acculturation Among Older Immigrants in Australia
Authors: Liu Shuang , Dane Sharon , Gallois Cindy , Haslam Catherine , Nghi Tran Tran Le
Published: June 2020

This study explores different acculturation pathways that older immigrants follow, and the social/cultural identities they claim (or do not claim), as they live and age in Australia. Data were collected from 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with older immigrants (65+ years) from nine cultural backgrounds. We used participants’ self-defined cultural identity to explore how these cultural identities were enacted in different contexts. Mapping self-defined cultural identity with narratives about what participants do in relation to ethnic and host cultures, we found three dynamic acculturation pathways: (a) identifying with the ethnic culture while embracing aspects of Australian culture, (b) identifying with Australian culture while participating in the ethnic culture, and (c) identifying with both cultures while maintaining the way of life of the ethnic culture. These pathways show that acculturation strategies are not necessarily consistent with self-defined identity, within the same individual or over time. Rather, the participants’ narratives suggest that their life in the settlement country involves ongoing negotiation across people, culture, and relationships. The findings highlight the importance for acculturation research to be situated in the context in which immigrants find themselves, to capture the nuances of these dynamic acculturation experiences.
Interaction between the Oral Microbiome and Dental Composite Biomaterials: Where We Are and Where We Should Go
Authors: Kreth J. , Merritt J. , Pfeifer C.S. , Khajotia S. , Ferracane J.L.
Published: June 2020

Dental composites are routinely placed as part of tooth restoration procedures. The integrity of the restoration is constantly challenged by the metabolic activities of the oral microbiome. This activity directly contributes to a less-than-desirable half-life for the dental composite formulations currently in use. Therefore, many new antimicrobial dental composites are being developed to counteract the microbial challenge. To ensure that these materials will resist microbiome-derived degradation, the model systems used for testing antimicrobial activities should be relevant to the in vivo environment. Here, we summarize the key steps in oral microbial colonization that should be considered in clinically relevant model systems. Oral microbial colonization is a clearly defined developmental process that starts with the formation of the acquired salivary pellicle on the tooth surface, a conditioned film that provides the critical attachment sites for the initial colonizers. Further development includes the integration of additional species and the formation of a diverse, polymicrobial mature biofilm. Biofilm development is discussed in the context of dental composites, and recent research is highlighted regarding the effect of antimicrobial composites on the composition of the oral microbiome. Future challenges are addressed, including the potential of antimicrobial resistance development and how this could be counteracted by detailed studies of microbiome composition and gene expression on dental composites. Ultimately, progress in this area will require interdisciplinary approaches to effectively mitigate the inevitable challenges that arise as new experimental bioactive composites are evaluated for potential clinical efficacy. Success in this area could have the added benefit of inspiring other fields in medically relevant materials research, since microbial colonization of medical implants and devices is a ubiquitous problem in the field.
When Consumption Regulations Backfire: The Role of Political Ideology
Authors: Irmak Caglar , Murdock Mitchel R. , Kanuri Vamsi K.
Published: June 2020

The authors investigate the role of political ideology in consumer reactions to consumption regulations. First, they demonstrate via a natural experiment that conservatives (but not liberals) increase usage of mobile phones in cars after a law was enacted prohibiting that activity (Study 1). Then, through three lab experiments the authors illustrate that after consumers are exposed to consumption regulations from the government (e.g., laws that restrict consumption, warning labels designed by the Food and Drug Administration), conservatives (vs. liberals) are more likely to (1) use phones when restricted (Study 2), (2) purchase unhealthy foods (Study 3), and (3) view smoking e-cigarettes more favorably (Study 4). No such effects are observed when a nongovernment source is used, or when the message from the government is framed as a notification (vs. warning). These findings point to the important roles of political ideology and the message source in increasing reactance to consumption regulations, thereby mitigating the effectiveness of public policy initiatives undertaken by the government.
Are the Effects of Legitimacy and Its Components Invariant? Operationalization and the Generality of Sunshine and Tyler’s Empowerment Hypothesis
Authors: Fox Bryanna , Moule Richard K. , Jaynes Chae M. , Parry Megan M.
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To assess whether the relationship between legitimacy and police empowerment is sensitive to the operationalization of legitimacy, and whether the effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment are invariant. Empowerment is examined in the context of police militarization—public support for the discretionary use of surplus military equipment by law enforcement.

Method:

Using a national sample of 702 American adults and a series of ordinary least squares regressions, the direct and interactive effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment are examined.

Results:

The composite measure of legitimacy, as well as its individual components, each exert direct effects on police empowerment. Instrumental factors have persisting, albeit weaker, effects relative to normative factors. Interaction terms between the composite legitimacy measure or its components and sociodemographic characteristics were not statistically significant. In short, the effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment appear invariant.

Conclusions:

Findings provide additional evidence of the generality of Tyler’s process–based model and extend these considerations to the burgeoning literature on public empowerment of police.
Analysis of the mechanical properties of double arrowhead auxetic metamaterials under tension
Authors: Gu Longxin , Xu Qiaoli , Zheng Dongming , Zou Haochen , Liu Zhenrui , Du Zhaoqun
Published: June 2020

In order to study the deformation behavior of double arrowhead (DAH) auxetic metamaterials under different forces with different directions as well as the effects of the geometry parameters on the Poisson's ratio, this paper assembled an advanced researching method by combining the industrial design of SolidWorks software, the finite element analysis of Abaqus software and three-dimensional printed technology. Results show that the DAH structure expanded in the direction perpendicular to the force first and contracted with the strain increasing when it was pulled by the uniaxial force, no matter which direction the force is applied. Besides, the auxetic effect of the DAH structure under the tensile force in the X direction is longer than that under the tensile force in the Y direction. It is more resistant to compression when the DAH structure is subjected to transverse tensile forces than when it is subjected to longitudinal tensile forces. The angle of the V-shaped short truss has a significant impact on the negative Poisson's ratio of the DAH structure, while the angle of the V-shaped long truss angle has little influence on its auxetic performance. Specifically, the smaller the angles, the better the auxetic effect.
Anti‐Vaccination Beliefs and Unrelated Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Goldberg Zachary J. , Richey Sean
Published: May 2020

Much recent literature has examined the correlates of anti‐vaccination beliefs, without specifying the mechanism that creates adherence to these debunked ideas. We posit that anti‐vaccination beliefs are an outcome of a general psychological propensity to believe in conspiracies based on new research on the interconnectedness of conspiracy beliefs. These ideas are tested with a confirmatory factor analysis and a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model of a nationally representative U.S. sample from the 2016 American National Election Studies. The confirmatory factor analysis shows that anti‐vaccination beliefs highly correlate with belief in the unrelated conspiracies that Obama is a Muslim and 9/11 trutherism. Our SUR models also show that all three of these very different beliefs have similar predictors. All three have a negative correlation with political trust, political knowledge, education, and a positive correlation with authoritarianism. Thus, anti‐vaccination beliefs are shown to be part of a psychological propensity to believe in conspiracies.
Populism and Social Policy: A Challenge to Neoliberalism, or a Complement to It?
Authors: Chandler Andrea
Published: May 2020

Do populists pursue distinct kinds of policies, and if so, how successful are those policies? Populist rhetoric often invokes themes of redistribution insofar as leaders claim that power and resources need to be restored to “the people.” As a result, populists tend to offer a very broad view of social policy that emphasizes security, order, rewards, and punishments. Populists’ narratives may be simple, but once in office, they may face complex problems that call for more sophisticated policy solutions. This study examines whether populist policies fit the messages they deliver to their target voters, and aims to contribute to the development of a methodology for determining that relationship in specific empirical cases. I focus on the case of Russia, which enacted a major change in its old‐age pension system in 2018 under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin.
African American Adolescent Girls’ Beliefs About Skin Tone and Colorism
Authors: Abrams Jasmine A. , Belgrave Faye Z. , Williams Chelsea D. , Maxwell Morgan L.
Published: June 2020

Colorism is a pervasive system of inequality shown to negatively affect psychosocial and economic outcomes among African American adults. Among African American women and girls in particular, the social and psychological implications of colorist practices can be severe. The present study aimed to better understand African American girls’ understanding of this phenomenon during adolescence. Using a phenomenological approach, interviews and focus groups were conducted with African American girls ( N = 30) in order to determine which colorist messages are perceived and potentially internalized as communal beliefs. Iterative coding and subsequent thematic analysis revealed three primary themes and four subthemes: (a) Skin tone and attractiveness (Subthemes: Light skin as beautiful; Dark skin as unattractive), (b) Skin tone and social standing and education level (Subthemes: Dark skin as lower class; Light skin as higher class), and (c) Skin tone and personality/behavioral traits. Findings revealed that African American girls reported contemporary colorism biases similar to those found among African American women, suggesting temporal and generational continuity.
Optimum utilization of grid connected hybrid renewable energy sources using hybrid algorithm
Authors: Suresh M. , Meenakumari R.
Published: June 2020

An optimal utilization of smart grid connected hybrid renewable energy sources is proposed in this paper. The hybrid technique is the combination of recurrent neural network and adaptive whale optimization algorithm plus tabu search, called AWOTS. The main objective is the RES optimum operation for decreasing the electricity production cost by hourly day-ahead and real time scheduling. Here, the load demands are predicted using AWOTS to develop the correct control signals based on power difference between source and load side. Adaptive whale optimization algorithm searching behaviour is adjusted by tabu search. The proposed technique is executed in the MATLAB/Simulink working platform. To test the performance of the proposed method, the load demand for the 24-hour time period is demonstrated. By then the power generated in the sources, such as photovoltaic, wind turbine, micro turbine and battery by the proposed technique, is analyzed and compared with existing techniques, such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and whale optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the state of charge of the battery for the 24-hour period is compared with existing techniques. Likewise, the cost of the system is compared and error in the sources also compared. The comparison results affirm that the proposed technique has less computational time (35.001703) than the existing techniques. Moreover, the proposed method is cost-effective power production of smart grid and effective utilization of renewable energy sources without wasting the available energy.
Exploring the acquisition of verb inflections in Japanese: A probabilistic analysis of seven adult–child corpora
Authors: Tatsumi Tomoko , Chang Franklin , Pine Julian M.
Published: June 2020

The acquisition of verb morphology is often studied using categorical criteria for determining the productivity of a morpheme. Applying this approach to Japanese, an agglutinative language, this study finds no consistent order for morpheme acquisition and that productivity could be explained by sampling effects. To examine morpheme acquisition using more graded measures of productivity, the authors compared various regression models for predicting the age of acquisition of 311 verb forms across a large combined corpus of seven Japanese-speaking children (aged 1;1–5;1). Complex forms were learned earlier than frequency-matched simple forms, and morpheme ending identity explained substantial variation. Both of these findings suggest that children have some segmented morphemes and have learned some of their semantic/pragmatic characteristics. Sampling would predict that verb form acquisition would be sensitive to lemma and ending frequency, but acquisition was also sensitive to aspects of input frequency that were independent of these factors, and this suggests that children are encoding whole verb forms in addition to creating forms with compositional morphological rules.
On the Practical Consequences of Misfit in Mokken Scaling
Authors: Crişan Daniela Ramona , Tendeiro Jorge N. , Meijer Rob R.
Published: June 2020

Mokken scale analysis is a popular method to evaluate the psychometric quality of clinical and personality questionnaires and their individual items. Although many empirical papers report on the extent to which sets of items form Mokken scales, there is less attention for the effect of violations of commonly used rules of thumb. In this study, the authors investigated the practical consequences of retaining or removing items with psychometric properties that do not comply with these rules of thumb. Using simulated data, they concluded that items with low scalability had some influence on the reliability of test scores, person ordering and selection, and criterion-related validity estimates. Removing the misfitting items from the scale had, in general, a small effect on the outcomes. Although important outcome variables were fairly robust against scale violations in some conditions, authors conclude that researchers should not rely exclusively on algorithms allowing automatic selection of items. In particular, content validity must be taken into account to build sensible psychometric instruments.
Serving Magically Perfect Fruit Globally: Local nesting in translating multiple standards
Authors: Arnold Nadine , Loconto Allison
Published: June 2020

Globally, standards govern and organise the production and exchange of food. This article uses insights from science and technology studies to study the translation of multiple standards in the Ghanaian pineapple industry. The data demonstrate a translation process that is best described as nesting. Nesting is the process through which producers translate multiple standards into a locally contingent network of human and non-human actors, which is represented materially by the perfect fruit. For nesting to take place, producers develop intra-organisational collective practices that we call: prioritising standards, enrolling additives, and creating residues. The concept of nesting explains how food producers translate multiple standards, while simultaneously regaining agency. While nesting enables us to speak about what it means to implement the multiple standards that materially embody the consumers’ vision of perfection, it also contributes to the sociology of standards, the literature on standards adoption, and organisation studies.
An Examination of Work Interference with Family Using Data from a Representative Sample of Workers Participating in the General Social Survey and NIOSH Quality of Worklife Module
Authors: Smith Todd D. , Yu Zuojin , Le Aurora B.
Published: June 2020

Work-family conflict research has progressed over the past few decades, but it has often focused on workers in specific occupations or targeted populations. Few studies used population-based samples to explore factors associated with work interference with family (WIF), a directional domain of work-family conflict. This study used data from a population-based sample to examine relationships between work design characteristics and WIF among a representative sample of workers across the United States. Multiple logistic regression, using a weighted sample of 1,272 adult workers, identified increased odds of WIF were associated with full-time work, varied work shifts, work from home, and work overload. Analyses also identified the importance of supervisor support, which was a significant moderator in the association between workplace injury and WIF. Demographic factors were not generally significant, but the odds of WIF increased with additional children. Overall, these findings delineate the relationships between work organization characteristics and WIF.
Performance Enhancing Drug Use Among Professional Athletes: Testing the Applicability of Key Theoretical Concepts Derived From Situational Action Theory
Authors: Shadmanfaat Shamila , Kabiri Saeed , Miley Lauren N. , Howell C. Jordan , Muniz Caitlyn N. , Cochran John K.
Published: June 2020

Doping, or performance enhancing drug use, has long been a social and health problem among athletes. Despite the issues associated with doping and the illegality of using these drugs, little criminological research has examined why athletes engage in this deviant behavior. The present study seeks to do so by applying key theoretical concepts derived from, and testing the predictive efficiency of, situational action theory on professional athletes’ past, current, and future performance enhancing drug use. We employ self-report data from a random sample of 680 professional athletes from Rasht, Iran. Ordinary least squares regression is used to analyze these data. Findings suggest that crime propensity and criminogenic exposure increase athletes’ doping behavior. In addition, we find the interaction term between crime propensity and criminogenic exposure influences performance enhancing drug use among professional athletes, while increasing the model’s predictive power. Finally, in contrast to situational action theory, we find that known correlates of deviance (education, age, and gender) still influence athletes’ doping behavior even when key theoretical variables are included in the model.
Mitral valve perforation during transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Higa Shotaro , Nagano Takaaki , Yamashiro Satoshi , Iwabuchi Masashi
Published: June 2020

An 86-year-old female with severe aortic valve stenosis underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. A balloon-expandable valve was used, guided by a double-stiff guidewire that successfully straightened the aorta. During valve placement, the balloon shifted. After placement of the prosthetic valve, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation from the anterior mitral leaflet. Open conversion was performed immediately. A 5-mm hole was identified in the anterior leaflet, and direct closure was chosen for mitral valve repair. While transcatheter aortic valve replacement has gained popularity for patients with severe aortic stenosis and high operative risk, reports of mitral valve perforation are rare.
Understanding the impact and value of temporary public art sculpture trails
Authors: Thompson John , Day John
Published: June 2020

Temporary public art sculpture trails (T-Pasts) have been used for over 20 years around the world to fulfil a number of objectives. They can help to generate revenue for host towns and cities; they can contribute to place branding; they can provide entertainment for residents and visitors; and they can raise funds for designated charitable causes. They typically feature object characters that have a relevance for the host place and they invariably utilise the same operational model. They receive significant local publicity and various claims are made concerning their economic, social and aesthetic impact. But there is a case to be made that they are ‘hidden in plain sight’ as some people will walk or drive past exhibits without ever seeing them. In this article, we track the history of T-Pasts, categorise them into different types, examine their value for different stakeholders, discuss their various impacts and offer a conceptual impact model. We conclude the article with a discussion that contextualises T-Pasts in relevant themes, including place enabling and place building, and also the significance of the temporary element.
Internationalisation and localisation: Foreign venture capital investments in the United Kingdom
Authors: Harrison Richard T , Yohanna Babangida , Pierrakis Yannis
Published: June 2020

Venture capital plays a significant role in economic development through the emergence of new firms, technologies, industries and markets. This role, however, is associated with systemic uneven development regionally as both the supply of venture capital and the investment in new and growing ventures is highly concentrated regionally in the core economic regions of a country. Over the past decade, this intra-national regional concentration has been accompanied by an increasing internationalisation of the venture capital industry, as cross-border investment becomes more significant. In this paper, we explore the implications of this internationalisation for regional economic development in the UK. We conclude that the geography of venture capital in the UK has been shaped since the turn of the century by a significant increase in venture capital investments made by foreign funds, mainly in the form of co-investments with local funds. These foreign venture capital investments are primarily concentrated in London, Southeast England and East of England, which collectively attracted 82.5% of all foreign venture capital investments made to UK companies in 2017, strongly reinforcing the existing spatial concentration of venture capital investment. The paper concludes by questioning whether this increased dependency of these regions on foreign venture capital matters to regional development and draws out some of the implications for public policy.
A multicomponent intervention to decrease sedentary time during hospitalization: a quasi-experimental pilot study
Authors: Conijn D , van Bodegom-Vos L , Volker WG , Mertens BJA , Vermeulen HM , Huurman VAL , van Schaik J , Vliet Vlieland TPM , Meesters JJL
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a multicomponent intervention to decrease sedentary time during and shortly after hospitalization.

Design:

This is a quasi-experimental pilot study comparing outcomes in patients admitted before and after the implementation of the intervention.

Setting:

The study was conducted in a university hospital.

Subjects:

Participants were adult patients undergoing elective organ transplantation or vascular surgery.

Interventions:

In the control phase, patients received usual care, whereas in the intervention phase, patients also received a multicomponent intervention to decrease sedentary time. The intervention comprised eight elements: paper and digital information, an exercise movie, an activity planner, a pedometer and Fitbit Flex™, a personal activity coach and an individualized digital training program.

Measures:

Measures of feasiblity were the self-reported use of the intervention components (yes/no) and satisfaction (low–high = 0–10). Main outcome measure was the median % of sedentary time measured by an accelerometer worn during hospitalization and 7–14 days thereafter.

Results:

A total of 42 controls (mean age = 59 years, 62% male) and 52 intervention patients (58 years, 52%) were included. The exercise movie, paper information and Fitbit Flex were the three most frequently used components, with highest satisfaction scores for the fitbit, paper information, exercise movie and digital training. Median sedentary time decreased from 99.6% to 95.7% and 99.3% to 91.0% between Days 1 and 6 in patients admitted in the control and intervention phases, respectively. The difference at Day 6 reached statistical significance (difference = 41 min/day, P = 0.01). No differences were seen after discharge.

Conclusion:

Implementing a multicomponent intervention to reduce sedentary time appeared feasible and may be effective during but not directly after hospitalization.
Control of ATRIAS in three dimensions: Walking as a forced-oscillation problem
Authors: Rezazadeh Siavash , Hurst Jonathan W
Published: June 2020

In this article, we present a new controller for stable and robust walking control of ATRIAS, an underactuated bipedal robot designed based on the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model. We propose a forced-oscillation scheme for control of vertical motion, which we prove to be stable and contractive. Moreover, we prove that, through some mild assumptions, the dynamics of the system can be written in a hierarchical form that decouples the stability analyses of the horizontal and vertical directions. We leverage these properties to find a stabilizing class of functions for foot placement. The torso control is also proved to be decoupled using singular perturbation theory and is stabilized through a feedback linearization controller. We also take advantage of the proposed framework’s flexibility and extend it to include a new reflex-based uneven-terrain walking control scheme. We test the controller for various desired walking speeds (0 to 2.5 m/s), for stepping up and down unexpected obstacles (15 cm), and for high-speed walking on a random uneven terrain (up to 10 cm of step-ups and step-downs and up to 1.8 m/s). The results show successful performance of the controller and its stability and robustness against various perturbations.
Visual processing abilities associated with piano music sight-reading expertise
Authors: Arthur Patricia , Khuu Sieu , Blom Diana
Published: June 2020

Visual processing expertise in musicians has traditionally focused on the difference between expert and non-expert music sight-readers. More generally, differences between musicians and non-musicians have been explored, often with a view to promoting the possible benefits of music training. However, as the definition of music sight-reading expertise varies widely and there is largely no accounting for visual processing expertise in other domains that may be present in non-musicians, interpretation of the results becomes challenging and conclusions may be misleading. Of greater value to the investigation of the visual processing benefits of formal music education would be the ability to definitively isolate those with visual processing expertise in the music sight-reading domain from those without. Only then would it be possible for meaningful comparisons to be made between both the expert and the non-expert music sight-readers and each of these groups, in turn, with non-musicians. The aim of the present study was to explore visual processing by measuring the Working Memory Capacity (WMC) and Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) capabilities of piano music sight-readers. Participants were grouped as expert or non-expert music sight-readers and the results compared with the WMC and RAN results of non-musicians.
Examining the effects of musical type and intensity in performing the flanker task: A test of attentional control theory applied to non-emotional distractions
Authors: Oliver Michael D , Levy Jacob J , Baldwin Debora R
Published: June 2020

Music alters the interplay between components of cognition and performance; however, there are inconclusive findings on how. One explanation may be Attentional Control Theory, which states that anxiety places demands on cognitive resources producing adverse effects on cognitive performance. Similarly, characteristics of music alter cognitive faculties resulting in poor performance. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate effects on cognition specific to influences of music through the lens of Attentional Control Theory. In an attempt to explain how music impacts cognitive performance, we asked 141 college students (63.1% female) to complete the flanker task while listening to either lyrical or non-lyrical music at differing sound intensities. Results revealed a significant main effect of music type on flanker performance; however, no significant differences emerged with sound intensity. Findings suggest music with lyrics, rather than intensity, impairs cognition in adults, thereby elucidating the importance of avoiding music with lyrics during active tasks. Moreover, musical lyrics worsen performance by either interfering with selective attention processing of goal-relevant information or altering working memory capacity resulting in decreases in processing efficiency and performance effectiveness. Therefore, findings support the use of attentional control theory as a means of explaining differences in cognitive performance due to characteristics of music.
Returning land to country: Indigenous engagement in mined land closure and rehabilitation
Authors: Bond Carol , Kelly Lisa
Published: June 2020

This article uses stakeholder and CSR theories to intentionally and meaningfully include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in planning for mined land rehabilitation and closure (MR&C). In the mining space, attention has been paid to securing land access, fulfilling Indigenous Land Use Agreement and Mine Participation Agreement requirements, undertaking initial consultations with communities and Traditional Owners, and setting the terms of reference for entry and mine operation. MR&C, in contrast, has been a distant priority for both mining companies and the relevant state or territory governments. Guidelines for MR&C practice is articulated even less clearly in relation to Indigenous engagement. In response to growing public pressure, the mining industry is focusing more on addressing MR&C issues. This article suggests that companies and governments engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in plans for MR&C as an upgraded standard for MR&C practice.

JEL Classification: Q01, Q32