bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONCOS-102 plus pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a randomized phase 2 study investigating clinical outcomes and the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ponce Santiago , Cedrés Susana , Ricordel Charles , Isambert Nicolas , Viteri Santiago , Herrera-Juarez Mercedes , Martinez-Marti Alex , Navarro Alejandro , Lederlin Mathieu , Serres Xavier , Zugazagoitia Jon , Vetrhus Sylvia , Jaderberg Magnus , Hansen Thomas Birkballe , Levitsky Victor , Paz-Ares Luis
Published: September 2023

Background

ONCOS-102, an oncolytic adenovirus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, can alter the tumor microenvironment to an immunostimulatory state. Combining ONCOS-102 with standard-of-care chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) may improve treatment outcomes.

Methods

In this open-label, randomized study, patients with unresectable MPM received intratumoral ONCOS-102 (3×1011virus particles on days 1, 4, 8, 36, 78, and 120) and pemetrexed plus cisplatin/carboplatin (from day 22), or pemetrexed plus cisplatin/carboplatin alone. The primary endpoint was safety. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, objective response rate, and tumor immunologic activation (baseline and day 36 biopsies) were also assessed.

Results

In total, 31 patients (safety lead-in: n=6, randomized: n=25) were enrolled. Anemia (15.0% and 27.3%) and neutropenia (40.0% and 45.5%) were the most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) in the ONCOS-102 (n=20) and chemotherapy-alone (n=11) cohorts. No patients discontinued ONCOS-102 due to AEs. No statistically significant difference in efficacy endpoints was observed. There was a numerical improvement in OS (30-month OS rate 34.1% vs 0; median OS 20.3 vs 13.5 months) with ONCOS-102 versus chemotherapy alone in chemotherapy-naïve patients (n=17). By day 36, ONCOS-102 was associated with increased T-cell infiltration and immune-related gene expression that was not observed in the control cohort. Substantial immune activation in the tumor microenvironment was associated with survival at month 18 in the ONCOS-102 cohort.

Conclusions

ONCOS-102 plus pemetrexed and cisplatin/carboplatin was well tolerated by patients with MPM. In injected tumors, ONCOS-102 promoted a proinflammatory environment, including T-cell infiltration, which showed association with survival at month 18.
Biallelic truncating variants inVGLL2cause syngnathia in humans
Authors: Agostini Valeria , Tessier Aude , Djaziri Nabila , Khonsari Roman Hossein , Galliani Eva , Kurihara Yukiko , Honda Masahiko , Kurihara Hiroki , Hidaka Kyoko , Tuncbilek Gokhan , Picard Arnaud , Konas Ersoy , Amiel Jeanne , Gordon Christopher T
Published: September 2023

Background

Syngnathia is an ultrarare craniofacial malformation characterised by an inability to open the mouth due to congenital fusion of the upper and lower jaws. The genetic causes of isolated bony syngnathia are unknown.

Methods

We used whole exome and Sanger sequencing and microsatellite analysis in six patients (from four families) presenting with syngnathia. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generatevgll2aandvgll4lgermline mutant zebrafish, and performed craniofacial cartilage analysis in homozygous mutants.

Results

We identified homozygous truncating variants in vestigial-like family member 2 (VGLL2) in all six patients. Two alleles were identified: one in families of Turkish origin and the other in families of Moroccan origin, suggesting a founder effect for each. A shared haplotype was confirmed for the Turkish patients. TheVGLLfamily of genes encode cofactors of TEAD transcriptional regulators.Vgll2is regionally expressed in the pharyngeal arches of model vertebrate embryos, and morpholino-based knockdown ofvgll2ain zebrafish has been reported to cause defects in development of pharyngeal arch cartilages. However, we did not observe craniofacial anomalies invgll2aorvgll4lhomozygous mutant zebrafish nor in fish with double knockout ofvgll2aandvgll4l. InVgll2−/−mice, which are known to present a skeletal muscle phenotype, we did not identify defects of the craniofacial skeleton.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that although loss ofVGLL2leads to a striking jaw phenotype in humans, other vertebrates may have the capacity to compensate for its absence during craniofacial development.
Time to TAVI: streamlining the pathway to treatment
Authors: Hewitson Lynsey Jane , Cadiz Suzane , Al-Sayed Sameeha , Fellows Sarah , Amin Alaaeldin , Asimakopoulos George , Barnes Edward , Beale Andrew , Browne Suzy , Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Dalby Miles , Foley Paul , Hawkins Mark , Haynes Douglas , Heng Ee Ling , Hyde Tom , Kabir Tito , Khavandi Ali , Mirsadraee Saeed , McCrea William , Petrou Mario , Senior Roxy , Smith David , Smith Robert , Spartera Marco , Wamil Malgorzata , Panoulas Vasileios , Rahbi Hazim
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Severe aortic stenosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The existing treatment pathway for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) traditionally relies on tertiary Heart Valve Centre workup. However, this has been associated with delays to treatment, in breach of British Cardiovascular Intervention Society targets. A novel pathway with emphasis on comprehensive patient workup at a local centre, alongside close collaboration with a Heart Valve Centre, may help reduce the time to TAVI.

Methods

The centre performing local workup implemented a novel TAVI referral pathway. Data were collected retrospectively for all outpatients referred for consideration of TAVI to a Heart Valve Centre from November 2020 to November 2021. The main outcome of time to TAVI was calculated as the time from Heart Valve Centre referral to TAVI, or alternative intervention, expressed in days. For the centre performing local workup, referral was defined as the date of multidisciplinary team discussion. For this centre, a total pathway time from echocardiographic diagnosis to TAVI was also evaluated. A secondary outcome of the proportion of referrals proceeding to TAVI at the Heart Valve Centre was analysed.

Results

Mean±SD time from referral to TAVI was significantly lower at the centre performing local workup, when compared with centres with traditional referral pathways (32.4±64 to 126±257 days, p<0.00001). The total pathway time from echocardiographic diagnosis to TAVI for the centre performing local workup was 89.9±67.6 days, which was also significantly shorter than referral to TAVI time from all other centres (p<0.003). Centres without local workup had a significantly lower percentage of patients accepted for TAVI (49.5% vs 97.8%, p<0.00001).

Discussion

A novel TAVI pathway with emphasis on local workup within a non-surgical centre significantly reduced both the time to TAVI and rejection rates from a Heart Valve Centre. If adopted across the other centres, this approach may help improve access to TAVI.
On stability issues of the HEOM method
Authors: Krug Malte , Stockburger Jürgen
Published: September 2023

The Hierarchical Equations of Motion (HEOM) method has become one of the cornerstones in the simulation of open quantum systems and their dynamics. It is commonly referred to as a non-perturbative method. Yet, there are certain instances, where the necessary truncation of the hierarchy of auxiliary density operators seems to introduce errors which are not fully controllable. We investigate the nature and causes of this type of critical error both in the case of pure decoherence, where exact results are available for comparison, and in the spin-boson system, a full system-reservoir model. We find that truncating the hierarchy to any finite size can be problematic for strong coupling to a dissipative reservoir, in particular when combined with an appreciable reservoir memory time.
Entanglement analysis of photoinduced $$\eta$$-pairing states
Authors: Ejima Satoshi , Lange Florian , Fehske Holger
Published: September 2023

Simulating the von Neumann and second-order Rényi entropies of driven Mott insulators, we examine the entanglement dynamics of the $$\eta$$
η
-pairing state in the one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model after pulse irradiation. Corresponding data are obtained by means of the infinite time-evolving block decimation technique directly in the thermodynamic limit. For optimal pump-pulse parameters the temporal course of the entanglement entropies shows the characteristic entanglement growth due to the increase of $$\eta$$
η
-pairing correlations.
Regularity Conditions for Iterated Shuffle on Commutative Regular Languages
Authors: Hoffmann Stefan
Published: September 2023

We introduce the class [Formula: see text] of commutative regular languages that is a positive variety closed under binary shuffle and iterated shuffle (also called shuffle closure). This class arises out of the known positive variety [Formula: see text] by superalphabet closure, an operation on positive varieties we introduce and describe in the present work. We state alternative characterizations for both classes, that the shuffle of any language (resp. any commutative language) with a language from [Formula: see text] gives a regular language (resp. a language from [Formula: see text]) and that [Formula: see text] is also closed for iterated shuffle. Then we introduce the wider class [Formula: see text] that is also closed under iterated shuffle, but fails to be closed for binary shuffle and is not a positive variety. Furthermore, we give an automata-theoretical characterization for the regularity of the iterated shuffle of a regular commutative language. We use this result to show that, for a fixed alphabet, it is decidable in polynomial time whether the iterated shuffle of a commutative regular language given by a deterministic automaton is regular. Lastly, we state some normal form results for the aperiodic, or star-free, commutative languages and the commutative group languages.
Human Gait Activity Recognition Using Multimodal Sensors
Authors: Teran-Pineda Diego , Thurnhofer-Hemsi Karl , Domínguez Enrique
Published: September 2023

Human activity recognition is an application of machine learning with the aim of identifying activities from the gathered activity raw data acquired by different sensors. In medicine, human gait is commonly analyzed by doctors to detect abnormalities and determine possible treatments for the patient. Monitoring the patient’s activity is paramount in evaluating the treatment’s evolution. This type of classification is still not enough precise, which may lead to unfavorable reactions and responses. A novel methodology that reduces the complexity of extracting features from multimodal sensors is proposed to improve human activity classification based on accelerometer data. A sliding window technique is used to demarcate the first dominant spectral amplitude, decreasing dimensionality and improving feature extraction. In this work, we compared several state-of-art machine learning classifiers evaluated on the HuGaDB dataset and validated on our dataset. Several configurations to reduce features and training time were analyzed using multimodal sensors: all-axis spectrum, single-axis spectrum, and sensor reduction.
An Integrated Neurorobotics Model of the Cerebellar-Basal Ganglia Circuitry
Authors: Pimentel Jhielson M. , Moioli Renan C. , De Araujo Mariana F. P. , Vargas Patricia A.
Published: September 2023

This work presents a neurorobotics model of the brain that integrates the cerebellum and the basal ganglia regions to coordinate movements in a humanoid robot. This cerebellar-basal ganglia circuitry is well known for its relevance to the motor control used by most mammals. Other computational models have been designed for similar applications in the robotics field. However, most of them completely ignore the interplay between neurons from the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Recently, neuroscientists indicated that neurons from both regions communicate not only at the level of the cerebral cortex but also at the subcortical level. In this work, we built an integrated neurorobotics model to assess the capacity of the network to predict and adjust the motion of the hands of a robot in real time. Our model was capable of performing different movements in a humanoid robot by respecting the sensorimotor loop of the robot and the biophysical features of the neuronal circuitry. The experiments were executed in simulation and the real world. We believe that our proposed neurorobotics model can be an important tool for new studies on the brain and a reference toward new robot motor controllers.
A short note on strong convergence of q-Gaussians
Authors: Miyagawa Akihiro
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we prove strong convergence of [Formula: see text]-Gaussians with respect to a parameter [Formula: see text], which implies the spectrum of any self-adjoint non-commutative polynomial in [Formula: see text]-Gaussians is continuously deformed with respect to [Formula: see text]. With Bożejko’s Haagerup-type inequality, we follow Brannan’s approach to proving the asymptotic strong convergence of the free orthogonal quantum group.
VERTICAL SEPARATION REVISITED
Authors: NAKABAYASHI MASAKI
Published: September 2023

A differentiated product is commoditized over time. We investigate the impacts of product commoditization and a change in bargaining power between upstream and downstream firms on the choice between vertical separation and integration. We demonstrate first that vertical separation by the upstream firm dominates vertical integration if and only if the upstream firm’s bargaining power is below a certain threshold. Second, the upstream firm’s gain from vertical separation decreases with its own bargaining power and the degree of product commoditization. Third, however, product commoditization marginally diminishes the loss in the gain from vertical separation due to a higher bargaining power of the upstream firm.
Topological nature of black hole solutions in dRGT massive gravity
Authors: Fairoos C. , Sharqui T.
Published: September 2023

We study the thermodynamic properties of black holes in dRGT massive gravity theory using Duan’s [Formula: see text] mapping topological current theory. The topological features and the corresponding thermodynamic stability conditions for neutral and charged cases are discussed. A neutral black hole in four dimensions has a topological number 0, sharing the same topological class of [Formula: see text] Gauss–Bonnet–AdS black hole. We show that the charged black hole in four-dimensional massive gravity has the same topological structure as the AdS-RN black hole. Further, we have extended the calculations to higher dimensions. Our calculations strengthen the conjecture that the addition of higher interaction terms to Einstein–Hilbert action does not alter the topological number of black holes in four space–time dimensions. However, in higher-dimensional massive gravity, the topological number indeed depends on the black hole parameters.
Gaussian solitary wave solutions for nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations with applications in nanofibers
Authors: Kaur Lakhveer , Adel Waleed , Inc Mustafa , Rezazadeh Hadi , Akinyemi Lanre
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an investigation into solutions of two types of nonlinear Schrödinger equations of logarithmic form. This model is of particular interest to researchers due to its vast application in the field of the implication of nanofibers. Through a comprehensive analysis, it was found that the solutions take the form of Gaussian-type solitary solutions. These solutions possess a variety of new structures due to the presence of many arbitrary constants and time-dependent functions in their general expressions. By fixing these constants and functions appropriately, Gaussian solitary waves for nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations can be represented, which could be beneficial in understanding the dynamics of these equations in nanooptical fibers. The results obtained from this study may provide a useful tool for further research into nonlinear Schrödinger equations and can be extended to fit more applications.
Dynamics of a Plant-Herbivore Model Subject to Allee Effects with Logistic Growth of Plant Biomass
Authors: Bešo E. , Kalabušić S. , Pilav E. , Bilgin A.
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the relationship between herbivores and plants with a strong Allee effect. When the plant reaches a particular size, the herbivore attacks it. We use the logistic equation to model plant growth and analyze its behavior without herbivores before investigating their interactions. Our study investigates the equilibrium points and their stability, discovering that different fixed points can become unstable due to various bifurcations such as transcritical, saddle-node, period-doubling, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. We have identified the Allee threshold, which, if exceeded, can cause both populations to become extinct below that level. However, we have discovered a coexistence equilibrium that is locally asymptotically stable for a range of parameter values above that threshold. Our additional numerical simulations suggest that this area of stability can be expanded. Our results indicate that this system is highly responsive to its parameters. We compare our findings to those of a system without strong Allee effects and conduct numerical simulations to verify our results. By including the Allee effect in the plant population, we enrich the local and global dynamics of the system.
Bifurcations, Exact Peakon, Periodic Peakons and Solitary Wave Solutions of Generalized Camassa–Holm–Degasperis–Procosi Type Equation
Authors: Sun Xianbo , Li Jibin , Chen Guanrong
Published: September 2023

For the generalized Camassa–Holm–Degasperis–Procosi (CH–DP) type equation, by using the techniques from dynamical systems and singular traveling wave theory developed by Li and Chen [2007] to analyze its corresponding traveling wave systems, which depend on four parameters, it is found that under different parameter conditions its bifurcation portraits exhibit all possible exact explicit bounded solutions, such as solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, peakon as well as periodic peakons. A total of 30 explicit exact parametric representations of the traveling wave system of the CH–DP type equation are presented.
Computation of quarkonium dissociation and recombination rates in quark–gluon plasma using Bateman equation
Authors: Shukri Abdulhameed , Abdulsalam Abdulla , Ilahi Mohsin , Salih Abdul , Aljuhani Eman
Published: September 2023

The quarkonium yield productions in the relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions and their modifications within the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in the collisions have been investigated for more than four decades. Similarly, phenomenological model studies with various themes have been performed to comprehend the features of the QGP medium along with its associated particle production. This paper proposes a model that combines the effects of color screening, gluon-induced dissociation, and recombination on quarkonium production in heavy-ion collisions involving ([Formula: see text] ions) at a center-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV. Unlike the Boltzmann transport rate equations of dissociation and recombination, the rate equations are decoupled and solved individually using a method involving Bateman solution ensuring the dissociation and recombination of heavy quarks within the QGP medium are accounted well.
TRANSITION METAL NANOPARTICLES AS PROMISING ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: VASHISTHA VINOD KUMAR , BALA RENU , DAS DIPAK KUMAR , MITTAL ANKIT , VSR PULLABHOTLA RAJASEKHAR
Published: September 2023

The bacterial spread can pose a significant risk in the transmission of infectious diseases. Nanomaterials, including synthetic antibacterial nanoparticles, have emerged as a promising solution to combat bacterial infections due to their unique physicochemical properties. Metal nanoparticles have been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. One of the main advantages of using metal nanoparticles as antibacterial agents is their ability to penetrate the bacterial cell wall and disrupt cellular processes. This disruption can lead to the inhibition of bacterial growth and ultimately, bacterial death. Furthermore, metal nanoparticles can be engineered with specific surface modifications that enhance their antibacterial activity and improve their biocompatibility. These modifications can include the attachment of targeting ligands, peptides, or antibodies to the nanoparticle surface, which can increase their specificity toward bacterial cells and reduce their toxicity toward mammalian cells. Overall, the use of metal nanoparticles as antibacterial agents holds great promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infections, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we highlight the development of metal NPs, particularly those based on Mn, Fe, Co, Zn and Cu for their antimicrobial properties and related mechanisms.
Random lasing with red-shift discrete modes in ZnO particles
Authors: Zhou Hao , Liu Min
Published: September 2023

This study reported nonlinear combination of multi-photon absorption and exciton–exciton collision induced random lasing (RL) emission from zinc oxide (ZnO) excited by femtosecond laser excitation. Strong RL with signal peaks centered at 407, 412 and 417[Formula: see text]nm while excited at 800[Formula: see text]nm wavelength pulses was observed. The threshold of the RL peak is about 0.9[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Unlike the conventional three-photon excited RL phenomena centered at 390[Formula: see text]nm, the violet discrete lasing modes ranging from 407[Formula: see text]nm to 417[Formula: see text]nm may occur because of the excitonic stimulation. The red-shift of lasing mode signals may be attributed to exciton–exciton interaction enhanced electron–hole plasma emission.
Nonlinear Free Vibration of Spinning Pre-Twisted Functionally Graded Material Plates in Thermal Environment
Authors: Xu Hang , Wang Yan Qing
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the nonlinear free vibration of spinning pre-twisted functionally graded material (FGM) plates in thermal environment. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and von Kármán large-deformation theory, the nonlinear dynamic model is established via the Lagrange equation, where the warping effect is taken into account. The material properties are related to temperature and change according to a power-law exponent distribution. The theoretical solution of nonlinear-free vibration is obtained using the multiple scale method. The effects of power-law exponent, temperature difference, spinning speed, hub radius ratio, and twist angle on nonlinear-free vibration characteristics of the spinning pre-twisted cantilever FGM plates are discussed. The results show that the spinning pre-twisted cantilever FGM plate exhibits nonlinear hardening-spring vibration behavior, while the characteristics weaken with the increase of spinning speed. The twist angle and setting angle have coupling effects on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of spinning pre-twisted FGM plates.
Geometrically Nonlinear Buckling of FG-CNTRC Plates Stiffened by FG-CNTRC Stiffeners Subjected to Combined Loads Using Nonlinear Reddy’s HSDT
Authors: Minh Tran Quang , Dong Dang Thuy , Hung Vu Tho , Doan Cao Van , Tien Nguyen Van , Hieu Pham Thanh
Published: September 2023

The nonlinear buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforcement composite (FG-CNTRC) plates resting on the nonlinear effect of elastic foundation under combined load including external pressure and axial compression loads with uniformly distributed temperature rises are fully investigated in this paper. The FG-CNTRC plates are reinforced by FG-CNTRC stiffeners and the plate-foundation interaction is modeled using a nonlinear model. The higher-order shear deformation plate theory with the geometrical nonlinearities of von Kármán is applied to establish the basic formulations. Additionally, by using the anisotropic higher-order shear deformation beam theory, a new smeared stiffener technique is successfully developed for FG-CNTRC stiffeners. Galerkin’s method is used to achieve the equilibrium equation system in the nonlinear algebraic forms, and the critical load and postbuckling load–deflection curve expression are explicitly determined. The numerical investigations discuss the influences of FG-CNTRC stiffeners, hardening/softening nonlinear elastic foundation, uniformly distributed temperature rises, geometrical and material features on nonlinear stability of stiffened FG-CNTRC plates.
Results on approximate controllability for fractional stochastic delay differential systems of order r ∈ (1,2)
Authors: Dineshkumar C. , Vijayakumar V. , Udhayakumar R. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shukla Anurag
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we deal with the approximate controllability of fractional stochastic delay differential inclusions of order [Formula: see text]. By using fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, the theory of cosine family and Dhage fixed point techniques, a new set of necessary and sufficient conditions are formulated which guarantees the approximate controllability of the nonlinear fractional stochastic system. In particular, the results are established with the assumption that the associated linear part of the system is approximately controllable. Further, the result is extended to obtain the conditions for the solvability of controllability results for fractional inclusions with nonlocal conditions. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the theory of the obtained result.
Crossed product codes
Authors: Duarte A. , Pereira A. , Polcino Milies C.
Published: September 2023

Bernal et al. provided a necessary and sufficient condition for a linear code to be realized as an ideal in a finite group algebra and De La Cruz and Willems proved a similar result for ideals in twisted group algebras. In this paper, we extend this characterization to crossed products. Furthermore, we determine conditions for some crossed product codes to be self-dual.
Units and linear independence
Authors: López-Permouth Sergio R. , Moore Jeremy , Pilewski Nick , Szabo Steve
Published: September 2023

An algebra [Formula: see text] will be called fluid if for any linearly independent set [Formula: see text] consisting of units, the set [Formula: see text] of inverses of the elements of [Formula: see text] is also linearly independent. We consider various examples of fluid algebras and study fluid algebras in some specific settings including direct sums, field extensions, quotient rings of the ring of polynomials over a field, and matrix algebras. Pertinent parameters for the study of fluidity are also introduced and studied.
Small sets without unique products in torsion-free groups
Authors: Nielsen Pace P. , Soelberg Lindsay
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we report on a computation demonstrating that if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are nonempty subsets of a torsion-free group such that [Formula: see text] has no unique product, then [Formula: see text]. Moreover, this bound is sharp, as there are examples where [Formula: see text], and in fact [Formula: see text] for at least two such examples. More generally, when [Formula: see text] is small, we find lower bounds on [Formula: see text]. One consequence of this work is that any counterexample to Kaplansky’s zero-divisor conjecture must be quite complicated, if it exists at all. Another advance is that we give new examples of torsion-free groups that are not unique product groups.
Nonlinear approximation of functions by sets of finite pseudo-dimension in the probabilistic and average case settings
Authors: Xu Yanyan , Chen Guanggui , Lu Wenjing
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to explore the optimal nonlinear approximation on the class of functions in Sobolev space in the probabilistic and average case settings. Specifically, we investigate the optimal approximation through the utilization of a set with finite pseudo-dimension, measured by the Kolmogorov probabilistic nonlinear [Formula: see text]-width (or say, the Kolmogorov probabilistic pseudo-[Formula: see text]-width). Furthermore, we provide an estimation of the exact asymptotic order of the Kolmogorov probabilistic nonlinear [Formula: see text]-width and [Formula: see text]-average nonlinear [Formula: see text]-width on the class of functions in Sobolev space.
Investigation on 5-Isopropyl-2-Methylphenol via Quantum Chemicals, Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Docking and Cytotoxicity Evaluation Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Chandran Kaliraj , Zochedh Azar , Sultan Asath Bahadur , Kathiresan Thandavarayan
Published: September 2023

The 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol (5IP2MP) molecule, a monoterpenoid phenol mostly existing in the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L., was used as a potent breast cancer inhibitor in this present investigation. First, the structural and spectroscopic properties of the 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol (5IP2MP) molecule were assessed via density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The structural optimization was performed through the DFT/B3LYP method with the 6-311++G (d,p) basis set, and the structural geometry was calculated. From the optimized structure of 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol, vibrational frequencies were allotted and related with analytically calculated vibrational frequencies, the UV–Visible spectrum was theoretically simulated, and absorbance was experimentally confirmed. The 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol’s reactive potential was further investigated through a molecular electrostatic potential surface. Exploiting the HOMO-LUMO energies and energy gap, the molecular reactivity and stability of the 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol molecule were assessed. Mulliken and natural population analysis revealed the charge distribution over the atoms of 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol. The bioactivity of the 5IP2MP was confirmed through natural bond orbital analysis. Thermodynamic evaluation has been utilized to acquire values of 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol’s thermodynamic parameters that reveals the thermal stability of the title molecule. To determine the bonding domains and weakest interactions in 5IP2MP, topological investigations have been carried out based on electron localization function, localized orbital locator and reduced density gradient. Through the DPPH assay, the antioxidant potential was confirmed. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic studies confirm the drug-likeness properties of 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol. The anti-cancer potential of 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol in contradiction to breast cancer proteins was confirmed through molecular docking analysis, which showed the highest binding affinity was detected against NAMPT with –7.9 kcal/mol. The previously chosen title chemical might be promoted as a possible pharmacological candidate for the development of new breast cancer prevention medications. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies exhibited the IC50 value of 67.96 [Formula: see text]g/ml with T-47D cells for a time period of 24 h. Overall, this study showed that the 5IP2MP molecule possesses better structural stability, reactivity and excellent anticancer activity in both in silico and in vitro studies.
Deep Learning based Multilingual Speech Synthesis using Multi Feature Fusion Methods
Authors: Nuthakki Praveena , Katamaneni Madhavi , J. N. Chandra Sekhar , Gubbala Kumari , Domathoti Bullarao , Maddumala Venkata Rao , Jetti Kumar Raja
Published: September 2023

The poor intelligibility and out-of-the-ordinary nature of the traditional concatenation speech synthesis technologies are two major problems. CNN's context deep learning approaches aren't robust enough for sensitive speech synthesis. Our suggested approach may satisfy such needs and modify the complexities of voice synthesis. The suggested model's minimal aperiodic distortion makes it an excellent candidate for a communication recognition model. Our suggested method is as close to human speech as possible, despite the fact that speech synthesis has a number of audible flaws. Additionally, there is excellent hard work to be done in incorporating sentiment analysis into text categorization using natural language processing. The intensity of feeling varies greatly from nation to country. To improve their voice synthesis outputs, models need to include more and more concealed layers & nodes into the updated mixture density network. For our suggested algorithm to perform at its best, we need a more robust network foundation and optimization methods. We hope that after reading this article and trying out the example data provided, both experienced researchers and those just starting out would have a better grasp of the steps involved in creating a deep learning approach. Overcoming fitting issues with less data in training, the model is making progress. More space is needed to hold the input parameters in the DL-based method.
Sentiment Analysis of Code-Mixed Telugu-English Data Leveraging Syllable and Word Embeddings
Authors: Rayala Upendar Rao , Seshadri Karthick , Sristy Nagesh Bhattu
Published: September 2023

Learning the inherent meaning of a word in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has motivated researchers to represent a word at various levels of abstraction, namely character-level, morpheme-level, and subword-level vector representations. Syllable-Aware Word Embedding (SAWE) can effectively handle agglutinative and fusion-based NLP tasks. However, research attempts on assessing the SAWE on such extrinsic NLP tasks has been scanty, especially for low-resource languages in the context of code-mixing with English. A model to learn SAWE to extract semantics at fine-grained subunits of a word is proposed in this article, and the representative ability of the embeddings is assessed through sentiment analysis of code-mixed Telugu-English review corpora. Multilingual societies and advancements in communication technologies have accounted for the prolific usage of mixed data, which renders the State-of-the-Art (SOTA) sentiment analysis models developed based on monolingual data ineffective. Social media users in the Indian subcontinent exhibit a tendency to mix English and their respective native language (using the phonetic form of English) in expressing their opinions or sentiments. A code-mixing scenario provides flexibility to borrow words from a foreign language, usage of shorthand notations, elongation of vowels, and usage of words without following syntactic/grammatical rules, which renders the sentiment analysis of code-mixed data challenging to perform. Deep neural architectures like Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit networks have been shown to be effective in solving several NLP tasks, such as sequence labeling, named entity recognition, and machine translation. In this article, a framework to perform sentiment analysis on a code-mixed Telugu-English review corpus is implemented. Both word embedding and SAWE are input to a unified deep neural network that contains a two-level Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory/Gated Recurrent Unit network with Softmax as the output layer. The proposed model leverages the advantages of both word embedding and SAWE, which enable the proposed model to outperform existing SOTA code-mixed sentiment analysis models on a Telugu-English code-mixed dataset of the International Institute of Information Technology–Hyderabad and a dataset curated by the authors. The improvement realized by the proposed model on these datasets is [3% increase in F1-score and 2% increase in accuracy] and [7% increase in F1-score and 5% in accuracy], respectively, in comparison with the best-performing SOTA model.
Privacy-preserving Point-of-interest Recommendation based on Simplified Graph Convolutional Network for Geological Traveling
Authors: Liu Yuwen , Zhou Xiaokang , Kou Huaizhen , Zhao Yawu , Xu Xiaolong , Zhang Xuyun , Qi Lianyong
Published: September 2023

The provision of privacy-preserving recommendations for geological tourist attractions is an important research area. The historical check-in data collected from location-based social networks (LBSNs) can be utilized to mine their preferences, thereby facilitating the promotion of the geological tourism industry. However, such check-ins often contain sensitive user information that poses privacy leakage risks. To address this issue, some methods have been proposed to develop privacy-preserving point-of-interest (POI) recommendation systems. These methods commonly rely on either perturbation-based or federated learning techniques to protect users’ privacy. However, the former can hinder preference capture, while the latter remains vulnerable to privacy breaches during the parameter-sharing process. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel privacy-preserving POI recommendation model that incorporates users’ privacy preferences based on a simplified graph convolutional neural network. Specifically, we employ a generative model to create a subset of POIs that reflect users’ preferences but do not reveal their private information, and then we design a simplified graph convolutional network to analyze the high-order connectivity between users and POIs that are privacy-preserving. The resulting model enables efficient POI recommendation under strict privacy protection, which is particularly relevant to geological tourism. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer
Authors: Hirose Yoshinobu , Taniguchi Kohei
Published: September 2023

Although the metabolic phenotype within tumors is known to differ significantly from that of the surrounding normal tissue, the importance of this heterogeneity is just becoming widely recognized. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often classified as the Warburg phenotype, a metabolic type in which the glycolytic system is predominant over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria for energy production. However, this dichotomy (glycolysis vs. OXPHOS) may be too simplistic and not accurately represent the metabolic characteristics of CRC. Therefore, in this review, we decompose metabolic phenomena into factors based on their source/origin and reclassify them into two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. In the CRC context, extrinsic factors include those based on the environment, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and the tumor microenvironment, whereas intrinsic factors include those based on subpopulations, such as pathological subtypes and cancer stem cells. These factors form multiple layers inside and outside the tumor, affecting them additively, dominantly, or mutually exclusively. Consequently, the metabolic phenotype is a heterogeneous and fluid phenomenon reflecting the spatial distribution and temporal continuity of these factors. This allowed us to redefine the characteristics of specific metabolism-related factors in CRC and summarize and update our accumulated knowledge of their heterogeneity. Furthermore, we positioned tumor budding in CRC as an intrinsic factor and a novel form of metabolic heterogeneity, and predicted its metabolic dynamics, noting its similarity to circulating tumor cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, the possibilities and limitations of using human tumor tissue as research material to investigate and assess metabolic heterogeneity are discussed.
MARCH8 downregulation modulates profibrotic responses including myofibroblast differentiation
Authors: Guo Xia , Adeyanju Oluwaseun , Olajuyin Ayobami Matthew , Mandlem Venkatakirankumar , Sunil Christudas , Adewumi Joy , Huang Steven , Tucker Torry A. , Idell Steven , Qian Guoqing
Published: September 2023

MARCH8 is an important modulator of inflammation, immunity, and other cellular processes. We found that MARCH8 expression is downregulated in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, TGF-β1 decreases MARCH8 transcriptionally in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). MARCH8 overexpression blunts TGF-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast transition while knockdown of MARCH8 drives this profibrotic change in HLFs. The findings support further exploration of MARCH8 as a novel target in IPF.
Hypoxia and renal fibrosis
Authors: Naas Stephanie , Schiffer Mario , Schödel Johannes
Published: September 2023

Renal fibrosis is the final stage of most progressive kidney diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high comorbidity and mortality. Thus, preventing fibrosis and thereby preserving kidney function increases the quality of life and prolongs the survival of patients with CKD. Many processes such as inflammation or metabolic stress modulate the progression of kidney fibrosis. Hypoxia has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, and oxygen sensing in the kidney is of outstanding importance for the body. The dysregulation of oxygen sensing in the diseased kidney is best exemplified by the loss of stimulation of erythropoietin production from interstitial cells in the fibrotic kidney despite anemia. Furthermore, hypoxia is present in acute or chronic kidney diseases and may affect all cell types present in the kidney including tubular and glomerular cells as well as resident immune cells. Pro- and antifibrotic effects of the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 have been described in a plethora of animal models of acute and chronic kidney diseases, but recent advances in sequencing technologies now allow for novel and deeper insights into the role of hypoxia and its cell type-specific effects on the progression of renal fibrosis, especially in humans. Here, we review existing literature on how hypoxia impacts the development and progression of renal fibrosis.
α-Ketoglutaric acid ameliorates intervertebral disk degeneration by blocking the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Xu Hao-Wei , Fang Xin-Yue , Liu Xiao-Wei , Zhang Shu-Bao , Yi Yu-Yang , Chang Sheng-Jie , Chen Hao , Wang Shan-Jin
Published: September 2023

Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) exerted its protective effect on nucleus pulposus cells’ (NPCs) degeneration by inhibiting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and extracellular matrix degradation. The possible mechanism may be associated with negatively regulating the JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and the decreased IL-6 expression, which could be explained by a blockage of the positive feedback control loop between IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
The Use of Amantadine in Treating Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Organophosphates Poisoning in a Child
Authors: Althaqafi Wesam , Alanazi Reham Ibrahim , Almeshari Wadha Khalid
Published: September 2023

Background. Organophosphates are chemicals that lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing muscarinic symptoms such as salivation and nicotinic manifestations like muscle weakness and hypertension and rarely leading to basal ganglia impairment, manifesting as extrapyramidal symptoms. Literature reported that the use of amantadine, an amine that has both antiviral and dopaminergic activities, improves extrapyramidal manifestations. Most of the studies exploring the effect of amantadine were conducted on adults and there are extremely limited data in regards to this topic in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the purpose of this case study is to report the outcome of treating a child who developed extrapyramidal symptoms due to organophosphates poisoning with amantadine. Case Description. A 6-year-old boy was found by his family drowsy and drooling with an insecticide bottle beside him. He was brought to the ER and arrested on arrival, and he was eventually revived after 5 minutes of CPR. Then, he developed features of extrapyramidal involvement such as delirium, hyperactivity, akathisia, aphonia, and tremors. He was started on oral amantadine 50 mg once daily and then increased to twice daily for two weeks while admitted. During admission, his symptoms were assessed daily, and an improvement was noticed by his family and the medical team. Upon discharge, he was able to form sentences; tremors were almost resolved; and there was no rigidity or agitation. He was followed up postdischarge and showed significant improvement. He continued amantadine for almost 3 months until the full resolution of his symptoms. Discussion and Conclusion. This case illustrates the promising benefits of using amantadine in treating extrapyramidal manifestations following organophosphate ingestion.
A
-D3 Modules and
A
-D4 Modules
Authors: Zhu Zhanmin
Published: September 2023

Let

A

be a class of some right

R

-modules that is closed under isomorphisms, and let

M

be a right

R

-module. Then

M

is called

A

-D3 if, whenever

N

and

K

are direct summands of

M

with

M
=
N
+
K

and

M
/
K
∈
A

, then

N
∩
K

is also a direct summand of

M

;

M

is called an

A

-D4 module, if whenever

M
=
B
⊕
A

where

B

and

A

are submodules of

M

and

A
∈
A

, then every epimorphism

f
:
B
⟶
A

splits. Several characterizations and properties of these classes of modules are investigated. As applications, some new characterizations of semisimple Artinian rings, quasi-Frobenius rings, von Neumann regular rings, semiregular rings, perfect rings, semiperfect rings, hereditary rings, semihereditary rings, and PP rings are given.
A Lightweight and Multisource Information Fusion Method for Real‐Time Monitoring of Lump Coal on Mining Conveyor Belts
Authors: Wu Ligang , Zhang Liang , Chen Le , Shi Jianhua , Wan Jiafu
Published: September 2023

Since the underground transportation of coal mainly relies on the mine conveyor belt to complete, the mine conveyor belt with large pieces of coal will affect transportation safety. Therefore, to address the problem of real‐time monitoring of lump coal, the method Ghost‐ECA‐Bi FPN (GEB) YOLOv5 for lump coal in the process of mining conveyor belt transportation is proposed based on a lightweight neural network and multisource information fusion. First, the image preprocessing is performed by adaptive histogram equalization, which reduces the influence of coal dust, dust, and uneven lighting on target monitoring. Second, the redundancy of the convolution process is exploited, and a lightweight neural network GhostNet is introduced to optimize the feature extraction process. In addition, combined with the efficient channel attention mechanism, the 1D convolution enables local cross‐channel information interaction, which can solve the problem of imbalance between model complexity and performance. Finally, the feature information of the three stages is fused using a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network to enhance the generalization ability of the model. The experimental results show that the improved GEB YOLOv5 algorithm has obvious advantages. In terms of model structure, the number of network layers reduces by 36.97%, and the number of model structure parameters and floating‐point operations reduce by 64.53% and 69.14%, respectively. Moreover, the model volume reduces from 92.7 M to 33.0 M. Regarding the monitoring performance, the precision and recall rates improve by 1.19% and 1.11%, respectively. Furthermore, the real‐time performance improves from 68.34 FPS to 110.70 FPS. It can be seen that the problem of the model performance against the model complexity is effectively solved in this experiment and the real‐time monitoring of lump coal is realized.