bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chlorine Decay Simulation in Water Distribution System Using EPANET
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Muhammad Nur Shazwani , Shin Siew Ming ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Abdullah Jazuri ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Published: October 2021

Chlorine is used as a disinfectant in the water treatment process so that treated water is delivered safely to consumers. However, chlorine concentration decays when water flows from the treatment plant to the supply point, due to the reaction with natural organic matter and the inner surface of the pipe. Low chlorine concentration may encourage bacteria re-growth, while high chlorine concentration can result in the formation of harmful chemical components. Therefore, this study aims to simulate the complex process of chlorine decay using EPANET. This exercise enables the determination the chlorine concentration dosage required to maintain the desired requirement given by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH). A successful model with an extended period of simulations of 72 hours enable the mapping of spatial and temporal variations of flow and residue chlorine concentrations at all links and nodes. Constant chlorine dosage of 3.96 mg/l at node R1 has successfully satisfy the requirement given by WHO and MOH. The residue chlorine concentrations at the nodes and links in the water distribution system also depends on the water usage at node 5, the size of service reservoir and service tank and distance from the reservoir.
Differential expression of OLFML1 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of olfactomedin-like 1, encoded by OLFML1, in cancer of the vulva. OLFML1 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Differential expression of NISCH in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of nischarin, encoded by NISCH, in cancer of the vulva. NISCH may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
TESPA1 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of thymocyte-expressed, positive selection-associated 1, encoded by TESPA1 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, TESPA1 expression was correlated with recurrence-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. TESPA1 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
LPPR2 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 2, encoded by LPPR2 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. LPPR2 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
Hak Masyarakat Mendapatkan Kecukupan Gizi
Authors: Na'u Janilda
Published: October 2021

Tindakan penyuluhan diberlakukan kepada orang-orang kaya atau orang-orang yang masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan baik namun karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pentingnya gizi dan nutrisi serta pola asuh yang salah mereka menderita kurang gizi atau bahkan gizi buruk. Oleh karena itu bagi mereka yang menderita kurang gizi maupun gizi buruk akan diberikan suatu penyuluhan dalam bentuk pendidikan diluar bangku sekolah atau sosialisasi untuk merubah pola perilaku dan pola pikir masyarakat dalam hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan gizi. Sedangkan tindakan pemulihan diberlakukan kepada orang-orang yang mengalami gizi buruk yang dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor kemiskinan, jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa tindakan pemulihan ini diberlakukan untuk keluarga yang kurang mampu atau miskin. Dalam tindakan pemulihan ini anak yang menderita gizi buruk akan diberi perawatan khusus selama 90 hari dan diberikan makanan tambahan secara gratis. Masalah gizi buruk tentunya sangat disayangkan karena kita ketahui anak merupakan calon generasi penerus bangsa. Oleh karena itu, upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan bayi dan anak harus ditujukan untuk mempersiapkan generasi yang akan datang yang sehat, cerdas, dan berkualitas serta untuk menurunkan angka kematian bayi dan anak. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka anak yang dilahirkan wajib dibesarkan dan diasuh secara bertanggung jawab sehingga memungkinkan anak tumbuh dan berkembang secara sehat dan optimal. Upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan anak dilakukan sejak anak masih dalam kandungan, dilahirkan, setelah dilahirkan, dan usia 18 tahun
kewajiban warga negara untuk hidup sehat dengan cuci tangan
Authors: SHIDDIQ AHMAD FAUZAN
Published: October 2021

Menjaga kesehatan tubuh bisa dimulai dari hal-hal yang paling sederhana. Mencuci tangan misalnya. Mulai sekarang jadikan cuci tangan sebagai bagian dari gaya hidup kita. Tangan adalah organ tubuh yang paling vital untuk menunjang aktivitas sehari-hari. Dari tangan inilah akan tercipta karya-karya indah. Namun, dari tangan jugalah berbagai penyakit bisa menular. Tanpa disadari aktivitas sehari-hari membuat tangan selalu bersentuhan dengan benda-benda, mulai pulpen, keyboard computer, gagang pintu dan benda-benda lain. Semenara itu, kita tidak pernah tahu, apakah benda-benda yang kita pegang tersebut bebas dari kuman dan virus? Nah, untuk mencegah bakteri atau virus berpindah ke dalam tubuh, ada baiknya lakukan cuci tangan, khususnya sebelum dan sesudah makan. Ditengah maraknya berbagai virus baru belakangan ini, cuci angan menjadi salah satu senjata dasar untuk mengatasinya
STATUS GIZI PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Syukur Nursyifah
Published: October 2021

Tinjauan Pustaka Status Gizi Pada Ibu Hamil
Asuhan Keperawatan Psikososial Pada Ny. M Dengan Masalah Gangguan Citra Tubuh
Authors: Laia Keren Aristha
Published: October 2021

Gangguan citra tubuh dapat mengakibatkan kekacauan pada cara seseorang merasakan citra tubuhnya. Evaluasi diri dan perasaan tentang kemampuan diri negatif, yang dapat diekspresikan secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Suatu gangguan citra tubuh dapat diketahui perawat dengan mewawancarai dan mengamati pasien secara berhati-hati untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk ancaman dalam citra tubuhnya (fungsi signifikan bagian yang terlibat, pentingnya penglihatan dan penampilan fisik bagian yang terlibat); arti kedekatan pasien terhadap anggota keluarga dan anggota penting lainnya dapat membantu pasien dan keluarganya
ZNF629 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of zinc finger protein 629, encoded by ZNF629 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, ZNF629 expression was correlated with recurrence-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. ZNF629 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
Using bio-manipulation to optimise nutrient management within intensive farm systems
Authors: Abbruzzese Vito
Published: October 2021

The research project aims to enhance organic nutrient management in livestock farms using microbial and enzyme inoculations, with a particular focus on the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle. In order to do this the first approach consists of characterising the chemical and biological properties of farm slurries as a baseline to evaluate possible amendments of the intrinsic properties of the slurry. Consequently, it is pivotal to consider properties such as plant nutrients, i.e., phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, as well as the microbial community within the slurry. Likewise, attention needs to be paid to soil chemical and biological properties, e.g. pH, salinity and organic matter, as well as to the variety of organisms inhabiting the soil, in order to determine the impact of inoculation on phosphorus cycling and nutrient availability for plant use. Furthermore, it is important to know how soil and its productivity may be influenced by the addition of the inoculated slurry. Of particular interest are also the soil properties which have an effect on plant growth. The pH of soil and, notably, nutrient availability and retention capacity are some of the features on which to direct the research in order to assess the quality of soil and, as a result, the production of a grass crop in livestock farms. The characterisation of these properties will be performed using a variety of approaches, beginning with analysis at laboratory- and mesocosm-scales and progressing to a fieldwork approach in order to evaluate the results directly in a farm system.
GIPC1 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1, encoded by GIPC1 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, GIPC1 expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. GIPC1 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
Hak dan Kewajiban Perawat
Authors: Santoso Widi Ardian
Published: October 2021

Tenaga keperawatan yang melakukan tindakan keperawatan harus sesuai dengan kompetensi perawat yang sudah ditetapkan dan didapatkan selama proses pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, tanggung jawab hukum seorang perawat dalam menjalankan praktik mandiri keperawatan harus sesuai dengan standar pelayanan perawat, standar profesi, standar operasional dan kebutuhan kesehatan penerima pelayanan Kesehatan yang berfungsi untuk mengatur praktik keperawatan agar hak-hak masyarakat dalam memperoleh perawatan yang baik dapat terpenuhi.
Differential expression of LTBP3 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 3, encoded by LTBP3, in cancer of the vulva. LTBP3 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN IBU HAMIL DALAM MELAKUKAN DETEKSI DINI RISIKO PREEKLAMSIA TERHADAP PARITAS, PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERPAPARAN INFORMASI
Authors: Husnah Asmaul
Published: October 2021

Kondisi kesehatan, status mental dan gaya hidup dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi pada kehamilan yang dapat menyebabkan kematian ibu dan janin (Depkes RI, 2014). Penyebab kematian ibu yaitu pendarahan Pascapersalinan (28%), preeklamsia (24%) dan infeksi (11%) (Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, 2007). Penyebab kematian ibu tersebut sebenarnya dapat dicegah dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dan deteksi dini risiko kehamilan. Jenis penelitian observational analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional. Jumlah populasi 171 ibu hamil. Jumlah sampel 62 ibu hamil. Sampling yang dipakai adalah “probability sampling” dengan tehnik “Stratified Random Sampling”. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dengan instrumen kuesioner secara wawancara. Analisa data dengan Analisis Regresi Logistik Sederhana dan Analisis Regresi Logistik Ganda dengan tingkat kemaknaan 5% (α = 0,05). Hasil Analisis Regresi Logistik Ganda di Puskesmas Sawahan menunjukkan variabel keterpaparan informasi tanda bahaya Exp (B) 5,657 merupakan variabel yang signifikan dan variabel paritas Exp (B) 9,060 juga merupakan variabel yang signifikan. Puskesmas Sawahan merupakan puskesmas dengan Angka Kematian Ibu tinggi. Puskesmas Sawahan harus memiliki wadah informasi sehingga ibu hamil maupun pasien lain ataupun keluarga pasien dapat lebih banyak menerima informasi seputar tanda bahaya kehamilan khususnya preeklamsia.
Differential expression of ALDH5A1 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1, encoded by ALDH5A1, in cancer of the vulva. ALDH5A1 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Pengaruh Pengalaman Karyawan Digital Terhadap Efektivitas Perusahaan
Authors: Kasde Fiona Ramadhita
Published: October 2021

Pandemi menuntut perusahaan untuk mengintegrasikan teknologi ke dalam bisnisnya. Saat ini, karyawan telah menggunakan berbagai alat digital dalam bekerja. Diperlukan kemampuan dan kelincahan untuk menggunakan teknologi dalam bekerja sehingga tercipta efektivitas dalam perusahaan juga dapat meningkat. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pengalaman karyawan digital yang baik dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap efektivitas perusahaan. Hasilnya, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengalaman karyawan digital terhadap efektivitas perusahaan.
PDZD4 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of PDZ-domain containing 4, encoded by PDZD4 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, PDZD4 expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with breast cancer. PDZD4 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
Belonging-Centered Instruction: An Observational Approach toward Establishing Inclusive Mathematics Classrooms
Authors: Matthews Jamaal , Gray DeLeon L. , Lachaud Qiana , McElveen Tamika , Chen Xiao-Yin , Victor Tiana , Okai Eric , Boomhower Kyle , Wu Jingyun , Cha Eunkyoung
Published: October 2021

Historically marginalized students of color face persistent threats to their sense of belonging in secondary mathematics classrooms. To address such alienation and promote learning equity in mathematics education, we have conceptualized Belonging-Centered Instruction (BCI) as teachers’ provision of opportunities for active inclusion, achievement, identification, and empowerment through interpersonal and instructional supports (Goodenow, 1993; Gutiérrez, 2012). By leveraging 1) qualitative interviews with students of color, 2) secondary data analysis of classroom video data from the Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database, and 3) existing theory on belonging and learning equity, we operationalized BCI through developing a structured observation protocol that honors marginalized students’ voices and conceptualizations of belonging in secondary mathematics classrooms. The BCI protocol conceives two domains of teacher support (Interpersonal and Instructional supports for belonging), as well as seven distinct subdimensions of teachers’ belonging-centered practice (Social & Emotional Bridging, Communal Orientation, and Empathetic Awareness & Support in the Interpersonal domain; Safety to Be Wrong, Decentering Teacher Authority, Mathematics to Know Myself & My World, and High Standards & Rigorous Support in the Instructional domain). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses indicated moderate-to-strong reliability of the BCI domains and subdimensions across ten well-trained coders. Multiple regression analyses revealed that several BCI subdimensions predicted important student outcomes, including classroom engagement, sense of mathematical agency, and year-end mathematics achievement. State Space Grid (SSG) analyses highlighted the temporal and patterned ways teachers can enact various BCI subdimensions in their instruction, revealing how BCI dynamically plays out over the course of a single lesson. Overall, these analyses suggest that teachers can leverage the BCI protocol to promote learning equity for students of color by increasing their access to high-quality and rigorous instruction, honoring their historically marginalized cultural identities, and empowering them to claim agency as mathematical thinkers and learners both in and beyond secondary mathematics classrooms.
KIAA1009 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of KIAA1009, encoded by KIAA1009 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, KIAA1009 expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. KIAA1009 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
TEOLOGI PAULUS DALAM KONSEP PERNKAHAN KRISTEN BERDASARKAN EFESUS 5:22-33 DAN IMPLIKASI TEOLOGIS BAGI IMAN KELUARGA KRISTEN
Authors: Wanti Hibur
Published: October 2021

AbstrakPernikahan dan keluarga merupakan lembaga yang sudah ditetapkan oleh Allah. Allah sendiri telah memberikan masing-masing tugas dan tanggung jawab bagi pribadi dalam rumah tangga itu. Tujuan pernikahan Kristen untuk mencapai Misi Allah dalam dunia ini. Namun tujuan itu tidak akan tercapai apabila dasar dalam keluarga tidak sesuai dengan kehendak Allah. pasalnya, banyak keluarga kristen yang saat ini tidak lagi berjalan di atas dasar Kristus. Jalan yang ditempuh suami istri untuk menjadikan rumah tangga harmonis sering kali keliru. Akibatnya tidak sedikit yang harus berhenti karena dasar yang tidak di bangun berdasarkan kehendak Allah. apa yang menjadi dasar dalam membangun keluarga Kristen ? bagaimana seharusnya peran suami dan istri menurut kehendak Allah ? oleh karena itu, permasalahan yang muncul dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana ‘‘Teologi Paulus dalam konsep pernikahan Kristen berdasarkan Efesus 5:22-33 dan implikasi teologis bagi iman keluarga Kristen’’. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah penulisan kualitatif dengan memakai pendekatan literatur yakni kajian gramatikal/historikal. Hasil dari pembahasan ini adalah bahwa dasar dari keluarga Kristen adalah Landasan Kasih antara suami dan istri dalam membagun hubungan yang dikehendaki Tuhan. Istri tunduk kepada suami dan suami mengasihi istri.
The impact of community paramedicine interventions on Transfers from Long Term Care to Emergency Departments: A systematic review
Authors: Munene Abraham , Alaazi Dominic , Mathew Jane , McLane Patrick , Cummings Greta , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: Long term care (LTC) facilities are essential in the provision of daily care needs for older adults experiencing frailty. In times of acute medical distress, LTC residents may require transfer to emergency departments (ED). However, many transfers from the LTC to ED may not be required and residents could instead be treated within LTC utilizing community paramedics (CP). We conducted a systematic review to assess the impact of community paramedicine on the frequency of resident transfer from LTC to ED. METHODS: We searched five electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane). The search was limited to primary peer-reviewed publications and excluded conference proceedings, review articles, and non-peer review articles. We restricted the search to papers published in English and articles published within the last 30 years. RESULTS: A total of 19,308 titles and abstracts were screened with a total of 181 full text reviews. One study that comprised of 4 articles was included in the review that evaluated the impact of community paramedic interventions in LTC. The study noted a reduction in transfers to the ED attributed to the presence of CP, reducing transports to ED by nearly 30%. CONCLUSIONS: There is a scarcity of research examining the role of CP in LTC. While the current research points towards CP interventions in LTC reducing the number of transfers to ED, further research needs to be conducted on the effectiveness of community paramedicine interventions in improving health outcomes for residence and improving cost efficiency within the health system.
SPINT1 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type 1, encoded by SPINT1 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, SPINT1 expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. SPINT1 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
EFCAB4A expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of EF-hand calcium binding domain 4A, encoded by EFCAB4A when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, EFCAB4A expression was correlated with recurrence-free survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. EFCAB4A may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
CCDC117 expression associates with survival in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

We mined published microarray data (1) to understand the most significant gene expression differences in the tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients based on survival following treatment: dead or alive. We observed significant transcriptome-wide differential expression of coiled-coil domain containing 117, encoded by CCDC117 when comparing the primary tumors of triple negative breast cancer patients dead or alive. Importantly, CCDC117 expression was correlated with overall survival in basal subtype breast cancer, a molecular subtype sharing significant overlap with triple negative breast cancer. CCDC117 may be of relevance as a biomarker or as a molecule of interest in understanding the etiology or progression of triple negative breast cancer.
Differential expression of HLF in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of HLF, PAR bZIP transcription factor, encoded by HLF, in cancer of the vulva. HLF may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Chronic pain as well as local pain in neuroma and in other usually painless conditions may be due to compressive paraspinal neural lesion
Authors: Macionis Valdas
Published: October 2021

It has been little discussed why chronic pain (ChP) does not invariably accompany ChP-prone disorders. This question-driven, hypothesis-based narrative review suggests that the reason may be varying occurrence of concomitant compressive proximal (peripheral) neural lesion (cPNL). Nociceptive hypersensitivity induced and/or maintained by cPNL may be responsible for all types of non-organic ChP as well as for pain in isolated tissue conditions that are usually painless, e.g., neuroma, scar, and Dupuytren's fibromatosis. Distal and physiologically silent healed lesions may be insufficient to maintain ChP without accompanying noxious input by cPNL, e.g., by radiculopathy and entrapment plexopathies. Focal neuroinflammation induced by cPNL maintains dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) hyperexcitability (i.e., peripheral sensitization) and thus fuels central sensitization (i.e., hyperexcitability of central nociceptive pathway) and a vicious cycle of ChP. DRGn hyperexcitability and cPNL may reciprocally maintain each other, because cPNL can result from reflexive myospasm-induced myofascial tension and consequent muscle imbalance- and/or pain-provoked compensatory overuse. Sensitization increases nerve vulnerability and thus catalyzes the ChP cycle. Because of these mechanisms and relatively greater number of neurons involved, cPNL, in comparison to distal neural and non-neural lesions, is more likely to maintain DRGn hyperexcitability. Sensitization is accompanied by pressure pain threshold (PPT) decrease, which can cause unusual local pain via natural pressure exerted by space occupying lesions or by their examination. Worsening of local pain is similarly explainable. Neuroma pain may be due to cPNL-induced axonal mechanical sensitivity and hypersensitivity of the nociceptive nervi nervorum of the nerve trunk and its stump.
Differential expression of TNS1 in cancer of the vulva.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2021

In these brief notes we document work using published microarray data (1, 2) to pioneer integrative transcriptome analysis comparing vulvar carcinoma to its tissue of origin, the vulva. We report the differential expression of tensin 1, encoded by TNS1, in cancer of the vulva. TNS1 may be of pertinence to understanding transformation and disease progression in vulvar cancer (3).
Human-in-the-Loop Segmentation of Earth Surface Imagery
Authors: Buscombe Daniel , Goldstein Evan , Sherwood Chris , Bodine Cameron , Brown Jenna , Favela Jaycee , Faithpatrick Sharon , Kranenburg Christine , Over Jin-Si , Ritchie Andy , Warrick Jonathan , Wernette Phillipe
Published: October 2021

Segmentation, or the classification of pixels (grid cells) in imagery, is ubiquitously applied in the natural sciences. Manual methods are often prohibitively time-consuming, especially those images consisting of small objects and/or significant spatial heterogeneity of colors or textures. Labeling complicated regions of transition that in Earth surface imagery are represented by collections of mixed-pixels, -textures, and -spectral signatures, can be especially error-prone because it is difficult to reliably unmix, identify and delineate consistently. However, the success of supervised machine learning (ML) approaches is entirely dependent on good label data. We describe a fast, semi-automated, method for interactive segmentation of N-dimensional (x,y,N) images into two-dimensional (x,y) label images. It uses human-in-the-loop ML to achieve consensus between the labeler and a model in an iterative workflow. The technique is reproducible; the sequence of decisions made by human labeler and ML algorithms can be encoded to file, so the entire process can be played back and new outputs generated with alternative decisions and/or algorithms. We illustrate the scientific potential of segmentation of imagery of diverse settings and image types using six case studies from river, estuarine, and open coast environments. These photographic and non-photographic imagery consist of 1- and 3-bands on regular and irregular grids ranging from centimeters to tens of meters. We demonstrate high levels of agreement in label images generated by several labelers on the same imagery, and make suggestions to achieve consensus and measure uncertainty, ideal for widespread application in training supervised ML for image segmentation.
Thermochronologic constraints on the origin of the Great Unconformity
Authors: McDannell Kalin , Keller C. , Guenthner William , Zeitler Peter , Shuster David
Published: October 2021

The origin of the phenomenon known as the Great Unconformity has been a fundamental yet unresolved problem in the geosciences for over a century. Recent hypotheses advocate either global continental exhumation of more than 3–4 km during Cryogenian (717–635 Ma) snowball Earth glaciations, or alternatively, diachronous episodic exhumation throughout the Neoproterozoic (1000–540 Ma) due to plate tectonic reorganization from supercontinent Rodinia assembly and breakup. To test these hypotheses, the temporal pattern of Neoproterozoic thermal histories were evaluated for four North American locations using previously published medium-to-low temperature thermochronology and geologic information. We present inverse time-temperature simulations within a Bayesian modelling framework that record a consistent signal of relatively rapid, high magnitude cooling of ~120–200°C interpreted as erosional exhumation of upper crustal basement during the Cryogenian. These models imply widespread, synchronous cooling consistent with at least ~3–5 km of unroofing during snowball Earth glaciations, but also demonstrate that plate tectonic drivers, with the potential to cause both exhumation and burial, may have significantly influenced the thermal history in regions that were undergoing deformation concomitant with glaciation. In the cratonic interior, however, glaciation remains the only plausible mechanism that satisfies the required timing, magnitude, and broad spatial pattern of continental erosion revealed by our thermochronological inversions. To obtain a full picture of the extent and synchroneity of such erosional exhumation, studies on stable cratonic crust below the Great Unconformity must be repeated on all continents.
Paleoecology helps optimize restoration efforts by identifying unrealistic preanthropic targets
Authors: Rull Valentí
Published: October 2021

Paleoecological records are useful in that they inform ecological restoration efforts by not only providing the most suitable preanthropic baselines but also identifying unrealistic and unfeasible restoration targets due to climatic, cultural and economic constraints
Neural Implementation of computational mechanisms underlying the continuous trade-off between cooperation and competition
Authors: Pisauro M. Andrea , Fouragnan Elsa , Arabadzhiyska Desislava , Apps Matthew A J , Philiastides Marios G
Published: October 2021

Social interactions evolve continuously. Sometimes we cooperate, sometimeswe compete, while at other times we strategically position ourselves somewherein between to account for the ever-changing social contexts around us.Research on social interactions often focuses on a binary dichotomy betweencompetition and cooperation, ignoring people’s evolving shifts along a continuum.Here, we develop an economic game – the Space Dilemma – wheretwo players change their degree of cooperativeness over time in cooperativeand competitive contexts. Using computationalmodelling we showhowsocialcontexts bias choices and characterise how inferences about others’ intentionsmodulate cooperativeness. Consistent with the modelling predictions, brainregions previously linked to social cognition, including the temporo-parietaljunction, dorso-medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus,encode social prediction errors and context-dependent signals, correlatingwith shifts along a cooperation-competition continuum. These results providea comprehensive account of the computational and neural mechanismsunderlying the continuous trade-off between cooperation and competition.
An Update of the Benton Facial Recognition Test
Authors: Murray Ebony , Bennetts Rachel , Tree Jeremy , Bate Sarah
Published: October 2021

The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is a paper-and-pen task that is traditionally used to assess face perception skills in neurological, clinical and psychiatric conditions. Despite criticisms of its stimuli, the task enjoys a simple procedure and is rapid to administer. Further, it has recently been computerised (BFRT-c), allowing reliable measurement of completion times and the need for online testing. Here, in response to calls for repeat-screening for the accurate detection of face processing deficits, we present the BFRT-Revised (BFRT-r): a new version of the BFRT-c that maintains the task’s basic paradigm, but employs new, higher quality stimuli that reflect recent theoretical advances in the field. An initial validation study with typical participants indicated that the BFRT-r has good internal reliability and content validity. A second investigation indicated that while younger and older participants had comparable accuracy, completion times were longer in the latter, highlighting the need for age-matched norms. Administration of the BFRT-r and BFRT-c to 32 individuals with developmental prosopagnosia resulted in improved sensitivity in diagnostic screening for the BFRT-r compared to the BFRT-c. These findings are discussed in relation to current diagnostic screening protocols for face perception deficits. The BFRT-r is stored in an open repository and is freely available to other researchers.
A Simulation Study on Latent Transition Analysis for Examining Profiles and Trajectories in Education: Recommendations for Fit Statistics
Authors: Edelsbrunner Peter Adriaan , Flaig Maja , Schneider Michael
Published: October 2021

Latent transition analysis is an informative statistical tool for depicting heterogeneity in learning as latent profiles. We present a Monte Carlo simulation study to guide researchers in selecting fit indices for identifying the correct number of profiles. We simulated data representing profiles of learners within a typical pre- post- follow up-design with continuous indicators, varying sample size (N from 50 to 1000), attrition rate (none/10% per wave), and profile separation (entropy; from .73 to .87). Results indicate that the most commonly used fit index, the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and the consistent Akaike information criterion (CAIC) consistently underestimate the real number of profiles. A combination of the AIC or the AIC3 with the adjusted Bayesian Information Criterion (aBIC) provides the most precise choice for selecting the number of profiles and is accurate with sample sizes of at least N = 200. The AIC3 excels starting from N = 500. Results were mostly robust towards differing numbers of time points, profiles, indicator variables, and alternative profiles. We provide an online tool for computing these fit indices and discuss implications for research.
Semantic network analysis of abstract and concrete word associations
Authors: Lakhzoum Dounia , IZAUTE  , FERRAND Ludovic
Published: October 2021

In recent years, a new interest for the use of graph-theory based networks has emerged within the field of cognitive science. This has played a key role in mining the large amount of data generated by word association norms. In the present work, we applied semantic network analyses to explore norms of French word associations for concrete and abstract concepts (Lakhzoum et al., 2021). Graph analyses have shown that the network exhibits high clustering coefficient, sparse density, and small average shortest path length for both the concrete and abstract networks. These characteristics are consistent with a small-world structure. Comparisons between local node statistics and global structural topology showed that abstract and concrete concepts present a similar local connectivity but different overall patterns of structural organisation with concrete concepts presenting an organisation in densely connected communities compared to abstract concepts. These patterns confirm previously acquired knowledge about the dichotomy of abstract and concrete concepts on a larger scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to confirm the generalisability of these properties to the French language and with an emphasis on abstract and concrete concepts.
Tendency to laugh is a stable trait: Findings from a round-robin conversation study
Authors: Wood Adrienne , Templeton Emma , Morrel Jessica Moran , Schubert Frederick T. , Wheatley Thalia
Published: October 2021

People often laugh during conversation. Who is more responsible for the laughter, the person laughing or their partner for eliciting it? We used a round-robin design where participants (N=66) engaged in 10 different conversations with 10 same-gender strangers and counted the instances of laughter for each person in each conversation. After each conversation, participants rated their perceived similarity with their partner and how much they enjoyed the conversation. More than half the variability in the amount a person laughed was attributable to the person laughing—some people tend to laugh more than others. In contrast, less than 5% of the variability was attributable to the laugher’s partner. We also found that the more a person laughed, the more their partners felt similar to them. Counterintuitively, laughter negatively predicted conversation enjoyment. These findings suggest that, in conversations between strangers, laughter may not be a straightforward signal of amusement, but rather a social tool. We did not find any personality predictors of how much a person laughs or elicits laughter. In summary, how much a person laughs in conversation appears to be a stable trait associated with being relatable, and is not necessarily reflective of enjoyment.
The ulna-to-fibula ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects on the motivational brain: A high-powered preregistered replication
Authors: Köllner Martin G. , Pülschen Lea-Sarah , Stamm Laura , Janson Kevin Thomas
Published: October 2021

Objective: We aimed at replicating findings by Köllner and Bleck (2020) regarding their proposed new marker of pubertal organizational hormone effects (OHEs), the ulna-to-fibula ratio (UFR). We tested UFR’s sex-dimorphism, independence of body height, interrelationships with other markers, and relationships to the implicit power motive (nPower) and activity inhibition (AI).Method: Our pre-registered, cross-sectional, high-powered study (N = 250; 148 women; after exclusions) included the Picture-Story Exercise (nPower, AI) and anthropometry of ulna and fibula length, facial width and height, shoulder/waist/hip circumference, and 2D:4D digit ratio.Results: UFR was sex-dimorphic (d = 0.37; outliers excluded), independent of body height, and significantly associated with other possible markers of pubertal OHEs, including facial width-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and shoulder-to-hip ratio. As predicted, a “sex-typical” (high for men, low for women) UFR was associated with the inhibited power motive (outliers excluded). Neither nPower’s sex-dimorphic relationship with UFR, nor the sex-dimorphic relationship of the inhibited power motive with UFR asymmetry (deemed unreliable and already omitted from the preregistration) reported by Köllner and Bleck (2020) were replicated. Conclusions: Our findings bolster UFR’s status as a marker of pubertal OHEs: It is sexually dimorphic, unrelated to body height, related to other markers, and shows sex-dimorphic associations with the inhibited power motive. In conjunction with findings by Schultheiss et al. (2019) for prenatal OHEs, there is also accumulating evidence for hormonal contributions to implicit motive development.
Audio-visual predictive processing in perception of humans and robots
Authors: Sarigul Busra , Urgen Burcu A.
Published: October 2021

Recent work in cognitive science suggests that our expectations affect visual perception. With the rise of artificial agents in human life in the last few decades, one important question is whether our expectations about non-human agents such as humanoid robots affect how we perceive them. In the present study, we addressed this question in an audio-visual context. Participants reported whether a voice embedded in a noise belonged to a human or a robot. Prior to this judgment, they were presented with a human or a robot image that served as a cue and allowed them to form an expectation about the category of the voice that would follow. This cue was either congruent or incongruent with the category of the voice. Our results show that participants were faster and more accurate when the auditory target was preceded by a congruent cue than an incongruent cue. This was true regardless of the human-likeness of the robot. Overall, these results suggest that our expectations affect how we perceive non-human agents and shed light on future work in robot design.
Pitch discrimination is better for synthetic timbre than natural musical instrument timbres, despite familiarity
Authors: Holmes Emma , Kinghorn Elizabeth Emilie , McGarry Lucy M. , Busari Elizabeth , Griffiths Timothy D , Johnsrude Ingrid
Published: October 2021

Pitch discrimination is better for complex tones than for pure tones, but how more subtle differences in timbre affect pitch discrimination is not fully understood. This study compared pitch discrimination thresholds of flat-spectrum harmonic complex tones with those of natural sounds played by musical instruments of three different timbres (violin, trumpet, and flute). To investigate whether natural familiarity with sounds of particular timbres affects pitch discrimination thresholds, this study recruited musicians who were trained on one of the three instruments. We found that flautists and trumpeters could discriminate smaller differences in pitch for artificial flat-spectrum tones, despite their unfamiliar timbre, than for sounds played by musical instruments, which are regularly heard in everyday life (particularly by musicians who play those instruments). Furthermore, thresholds were no better for the instrument a musician was trained to play than for other instruments, suggesting that even extensive experience listening to and producing sounds of particular timbres does not reliably improve pitch discrimination thresholds for those timbres. The results show that timbre familiarity provides minimal improvements to auditory acuity, and physical acoustics (i.e., the presence of equal-amplitude harmonics) determine pitch-discrimination thresholds more than does experience with natural sounds and timbre-specific training.
An interaction effect of norm violations on causal judgment
Authors: Gill Maureen , Kominsky Jonathan F. , Icard Thomas , Knobe Joshua
Published: October 2021

Existing research has shown that norm violations influence causal judgments, and a number of different models have been developed to explain these effects. One such model, the necessity/sufficiency model, predicts an interaction pattern in people's judgments. Specifically, it predicts that when people are judging the degree to which a particular factor is a cause, there should be an interaction between (a) the degree to which that factor violates a norm and (b) the degree to which another factor in the situation violates norms. A study of moral norms (N = 1000) and norms of proper functioning (N = 3000) revealed robust evidence for the predicted interaction effect. The implications of these patterns for existing theories of causal judgments is discussed.
Cognitive assessment using ERP in child and adolescent psychiatry: difficulties and opportunities
Authors: Berchio Cristina , nadia.micali@hcuge.ch
Published: October 2021

Event related potentials (ERPs) represent powerful tools to investigate cognitive functioning in child and adolescent psychiatry. So far, the available body of research has largely focused on advancements in analysis methods, with little attention given to the perspective of assessment. The aim of this brief report is to provide recommendations for cognitive ERPs assessment that can be applied across diagnostic categories in child and adolescent psychiatry. First, we discuss major issues for ERPs testing using examples from common psychiatric disorders. We conclude by summing up our recommendations for methodological standards and highlighting the potential role of ERPs in the field.
Human-Network Regions as Effective Geographic Units for Disease Mitigation
Authors: Andris Clio , Koylu Caglar , Porter Mason A.
Published: October 2021

Susceptibility to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 depends on how those diseases spread, and many studies have examined the decrease in COVID-19 spread due to reduction in travel. However, less is known about how much functional geographic regions, which capture natural movements and social interactions, limit the spread of COVID-19. To determine boundaries between functional regions, we apply community-detection algorithms to large networks of mobility and social-media connections to construct geographic regions that reflect natural human movement and relationships at the county level in the continental United States. We measure COVID-19 case counts, case rates, and case-rate variations across adjacent counties and examine how often COVID-19 crosses the boundaries of these functional regions. We find that regions that we construct using GPS-trace networks and especially commute networks have the lowest COVID-19 case rates along the boundaries, so these regions may reflect natural partitions in COVID-19 transmission. Conversely, regions that we construct from geolocated Facebook friendships and Twitter connections yield less effective partitions. Our analysis reveals that regions that are derived from movement flows are more appropriate geographic units than states for making policy decisions about opening areas for activity, assessing vulnerability of populations, and allocating resources. Our insights are also relevant for policy decisions and public messaging in future emergency situations.