bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing technology-based learning: a case of “Opon-Imo” use for agricultural subjects in senior secondary schools of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adesoji Solomon Adedapo , Olanrewaju Khadijat Olaitan , Adeleke Shakirat Adenike
Published: August 2021

The study assessed using an e-learning device, ‘Opon-Imo’ for agricultural subjects among secondary school students and teachers in Osun State, Nigeria. It determined the teachers’ and students’ extent of use of ‘Opon-Imo’ for agricultural subjects, ascertained their perception towards its value as a learning/teaching aid, and the challenges faced with its use. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 150 students and corresponding 12 teachers instructing them on the agricultural subject(s) to give a total of 162 respondents sampled. Data were collected with a validated questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that students occasionally used ‘Opon-Imo’ as reference material to seek answers to assignments (x̄= 3.1 ± 0.9) just as the teachers often utilised the modules as a reference point while explaining class notes to the students (x̄= 3.5 ± 0.8). (Most (58%) of the students were indifferent about the values of ‘Opon-Imo’ as a learning aid for agricultural subjects, whereas most of the teachers (58.3%) had a favourable disposition towards it for their teaching activities. As a challenge, teachers noted students’ misuse of the device for entertainment purposes instead of use as a learning aid (x̄= 3.16). It was concluded that teachers validly used ‘Opon-Imo’ to a greater extent for agricultural educational purposes and were more positively inclined to its educative usefulness than the students. As such, effective measures have to be developed to make the students aware of the value of this learning aid for their career in agriculture.
The attitude of students of Lublin universities to vaccination in the COVID-19 period
Authors: Jaremek Aleksandra , Piechnik Justyna , Juszczak Aleksandra , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine. The compulsory vaccination schedule was introduced in Poland in the 1950s. Vaccinations are sometimes followed by adverse effects (ARV). The most common symptoms of ARV are swelling, redness and soreness at the injection site, usually lasting up to 24 hours after vaccination.

Aim. The aim of our study was to check the attitude of students of Lublin universities to vaccination in the COVID-19 period.

Material and methods. In December 2020 we conducted an anonymous and voluntary survey. It was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. A total of 75 students participated in the study.

Results. The respondents were 56 women and 19 men. Out of them 30 (40%) were from Medical University of Lublin (MUL), 15 (20%) from University of Life Sciences (ULS), 21 from University of Marie Sklodowska-Curie (UMCS) (28%) and 9 from Lublin University of Technology (LUT) (LP) (12%). Their mean age was 22 years ± 1.1 (SD). More than half of the respondents were not interested in compulsory vaccinations before the COVID-19 pandemic. Only about 35% (18 persons) of people expressed a positive opinion about vaccines and they were students of MUL. Although 80% of respondents answered that the anti COVID-19 vaccine is necessary, but 81% thought that Poles had not enough knowledge about the vaccine. Students themselves most often obtained information about vaccines and ARVs from Internet.

Conclusion. Students of MUL were the most enthusiastic about mandatory vaccinations and anti COVID-19 immunization. Poles need more reliable information about vaccine to change their attitude towards it.
Analisis Komposisi Soundtrack dalam Video Game “Genshin Impact”
Authors: Kharisma Bethoven
Published: August 2021

Role-playing games merupakan merupakan salah satu genre utama dari sebagian banyak game dan ada dalam bentuk dan format yang berbeda. Dalam sebuah game cenderung menggunakan musik cinematic yang mampu membawa suasana dan emosi kepada pemain game tersebut. Pemilihan soundtrack Genshin Impact pada “Main Theme: from The Wind and The Star Traveler” sebagai objek penelitian dikarenakan penataan musik cinematic yang megah. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis teknik pengolahan komposisi dari soundtrack tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi diskografi, studi literatur, dan observasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa soundtrack “Main Theme” pada Genshin Impact dimainkan dakam tonalitas D Mayor dengan tempo 82 bpm. Dalam soundtrack Main Theme terdiri dari beberapa bagian yaitu, intro, verse, chorus, dan outro. Elemen musik pada soundtrack Main Theme juga diketahui berdasarkan ritme, dinamika, harmoni, tekstur, dan bentuk. Musik soundtrack tersebut mengandung suasana yang sederhana tapi megah dari penggunaan tonalitas mayor, poliritme, dan pengembangan motif utama yang memperkaya.  Role-playing games are one of the main genres of many games and come in many different forms and formats. A game tends to use cinematic music that can bring atmosphere and emotions to the game's players. The selection of the Genshin Impact soundtrack on "Main Theme: from The Wind and The Star Traveler" as the object of research is due to the magnificent cinematic music arrangement. This descriptive qualitative study aims to analyze the compositional processing techniques of the soundtrack. The method used is discography study, literature study, and observation. The results show that the “Main Theme” soundtrack on Genshin Impact is played in a D Major tonality with a tempo of 82 bpm. The Main Theme soundtrack consists of several parts: intro, verse, chorus, and outro. The musical elements in the Main Theme soundtrack are also known based on rhythm, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form. The soundtrack's music contains a simple but majestic atmosphere of the enriching use of major tonality, polyrhythm, and development of central motifs.
The biosecurity risks of seeds in a botanic garden context
Authors: Redstone Sara , Fox Adrian
Published: August 2021

Seeds present a naturally occurring package of germplasm with ideal attributes for collection, distribution and, in the case of orthodox seed, long term storage. From a phytosanitary perspective seeds are often considered a relatively low-risk option for movement of germplasm across borders. Most published data are concerned with diseases of commercial crops and little is known about the risks associated with wild collected, non-commercial seeds. However, there is demonstrable risk associated with the movement of any plant germplasm which can pose a risk to both crops and the wider environment. Presented here are a discussion on seed standards and the difference between seed borne and seed transmitted pathogens, with case studies presented to highlight the risks associated with informal seed systems and wild collected seeds in particular. Additionally, suggestions on how to address phytosanitary issues are presented including awareness raising measures aimed at improving biosecurity procedures during collection and before long-term storage of seed accessions.
Garden Profile: The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh at 350
Authors: Knott David
Published: August 2021

The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) was founded in 1670 and celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2020. In Edinburgh, Scotland, the institution has occupied four different sites in that time and has been at the current site in Inverleith since 1823. Three other gardens in Scotland are also part of RBGE: Dawyck in Peebleshire, Benmore in Argyllshire and Logan in Dumfries & Galloway. 13,750 species from 2721 genera representing 344 families are cultivated in these four gardens and this article describes some of these collections. It also describes the issues facing the Garden today in common with many large and botanic gardens, those of plant health, implementing environmentally sustainable working practices, and managing collections in the face of a changing climate and growing visitor numbers. The Garden is also planning an exciting future with ambitious plans for new buildings and the refurbishment of historical structures to not only improve plant cultivation facilities, but also to increase visitor engagement and education about the value of plants for a healthy future.
Foreword
Authors: Milne Simon
Published: August 2021

The Foreword is written by Simon Milne MBE FRSE, Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He introduces this special edition of Sibbaldia that documents the proceedings of The Sibbaldia & PlantNetwork Conference 2020. The Conference was a major event in the celebration of the 350th anniversary of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), with the primary aim of promoting excellence in botanic garden horticulture. That aim was most certainly achieved thanks to the impressive line-up of speakers and their expertise, combined with the enthusiasm and interaction of all participants. The Conference was held online due to the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whilst in-person contact was absent, the virtual format enabled a broader range of delegates to attend.A total of 250 delegates gathered in their virtual space from 28 to 30 October to hear from ten keynote speakers in the main sessions, seven presenters in two parallel sessions and a broad range of expert practitioners in the free session, and for the grand finale – ‘Horticulture in 2020’. The themes ranged from conservation, curation and cultivation to heritage, plant health and education. The insightful papers contained within this volume artfully weave together these themes, reflecting their connectivity. The depth of botanical, horticultural and pedagogical experience is outstanding, the content of the papers reflecting the authors’ vast experience and knowledge.
BI’AH LUGHAWIYYAH ERA SOCIETY 5.0 MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL MAHASISWA
Authors: Ilmiani Aulia Mustika , Muid Abdul
Published: August 2021

Bī'ah Lughawiyyah, as the Arabic language environment is called, is a very effective means of acquiring Arabic language proficiency. In this 5.0 Era, the definition of the bī’ah lughawiyyah is no longer tied to a mutually agreed time and place. Visual interaction using technology can promise unlimited access so that it can narrow space and time. Previously, bī’ah lughawiyyah was often identified with a community or group that was created under a specific system or arrangement, so what about now? Amidst the massive use of social media in everyday life. This article explains the Arabic language environment in the 5.0 era in terms of students' daily activities. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to categorize student activities as a form of bī'ah lughawiyyah era 5.0. The subjects in this study were students of the Arabic Language Education Study Program at IAIN Palangka Raya. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that bī’ah lughawiyyah era 5.0 was dominated by social media such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook.
El procedimiento administrativo sancionador en materia de tráfico, circulación de vehículos a motor y seguridad vial: El debido equilibrio entre especialidades y garantías comunes
Authors: Aguado i Cudolà Vicenç
Published: August 2021

Las características propias de las sanciones de tráfico, especialmente su carácter masivo y su carácter fugaz e instantáneo, justifican la adopción de determinadas especialidades procedimentales, como pueden ser la terminación anticipada del procedimiento a través de la reducción de la cuantía de la sanción y determinadas medidas destinadas a agilizar el procedimiento o administrativo y la ejemplaridad de las sanciones que puedan imponerse. La Ley 18/2009, de 23 de noviembre, ha introducido novedades significativas en el procedimiento sancionador de tráfico, en búsqueda de una mayor simplificación administrativa y de una mayor eficacia de la Administración, así como ha subrayado el carácter supletorio de la Ley 30/1992, de 26 de noviembre, respecto a estos procedimientos. En cualquier caso, las especialidades procedimentales sancionadoras en materia de tráfico no deberían suponer, sin embargo, una disminución o limitación de las garantías comunes de los ciudadanos ante las Administraciones públicas, sino que debe irse a un equilibrio que compatibilice las especialidades con las garantías.
Alcoholemias, tráfico y otras tribulaciones constitucionales. Punto y aparte en “la Ley seca”  de la Sanción administrativa
Authors: Villaverde Menéndez Ignacio , Cuba Vila Belén
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo examina de manera pormenorizada la regulación vigente relativa a la sanción administrativa de la conducción bajo los efectos del alcohol, extendiéndose también a la conducta sancionable consistente en negarse a someterse a las pruebas de detección de alcohol. Este análisis se hace teniendo muy en cuenta la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre estos tipos administrativo y especialmente en su manifestación penal, y la de la Jurisdicción ordinaria en particular sobre el modo de proceder en la práctica de las pruebas de detección de alcohol. La tesis de este trabajo es que la reciente reforma legal de 2009 de la Ley de Seguridad Vial y antes en el año 2007 del Código Penal ha tratado de esclarecer y deslindar con un éxito y acierto relativos los ámbitos sancionadores administrativos y penal que hasta la fecha recaían sobre las mismas conductas (conducir bajo los efectos del alcohol y negarse a someterse a las pruebas etilométricas), y que tenían el efecto de reducir el expediente sancionador administrativo a una mera diligencia previa del procedimiento penal. El mantenimiento del tipo genérico de peligro en el Código Penal y la sanción a un tiempo administrativa y penal del delito de negativa a someterse a las etilometrías han frustado en buena medida la pretensión de que el Derecho Administrativo Sancionador adquiriese la autonomía y relevancia deseada con la reforma.
El principio de objetividad en el urbanismo
Authors: Cabello Martínez Gabriel
Published: August 2021

El principio de objetividad es uno de los principios rectores de la actuación de las Administraciones Públicas, que en el ámbito del urbanismo tiene una de sus manifestaciones más características. La adecuación de la actuación pública al principio de objetividad en cuestiones urbanísticas se manifiesta de varias formas. En este trabajo destaco el papel de la participación ciudadana en la tramitación de los instrumentos urbanísticos así como la conexión del principio de objetividad con el principio de interdicción de la arbitrariedad. Además, se analizan las técnicas de la abstención y la recusación y, por último, el control de la desviación de poder, supuesto típico de vulneración del principio de objetividad.
El carácter multidimensional de la imparcialidad administrativa y el principio de objetividad: reflexiones sobre la experiencia italiana
Authors: Monteduro Massimo
Published: August 2021

Mientras la Constitución española (art. 103) consagra expresamente el principio de “objetividad” de la actuación administrativa, en el mismo artículo en el que se enuncia a continuación el principio de “imparcialidad”, la Constitución italiana (art. 97) establece el principio de “imparcialidad” administrativa, sin emplear, en ningún caso, la locución “objetividad”. Asimismo, la Ley general de procedimiento administrativo italiana (L. 241/1990), al fijar los principios generales de la actividad administrativa, sigue el mismo esquema. Sin embargo, examinando el Ordenamiento jurídico italiano, se puede observar que, en numerosas ocasiones, tanto en la normativa vigente como en la jurisprudencia se hace referencia expresa al principio (o canon o criterio) de “objetividad” de la actuación de la Administración. A la luz de estos síntomas, parece oportuno preguntarse sobre la existencia y la consistencia del paradigma de la “objetividad” administrativa en el Derecho italiano. En el presente trabajo se exploran las relaciones entre imparcialidad y objetividad. Del análisis de la jurisprudencia y de las fuentes normativas, parece desprenderse la tendencia a circunscribir la “objetividad” a un significado específico. El principio de objetividad, en este significado, se identifica con un deber de autolimitación, preventiva y analítica, por parte de las Administraciones públicas, a través de una autovinculación a criterios de valoración y esquemas procedimentales establecidos y publicados por las mismas Administraciones, con el fin de asumir posteriores decisiones no vinculadas completamente por la ley. El principio de objetividad, en sí mismo, puede ocupar un espacio autónomo dentro de un círculo más amplio representado por el principio de imparcialidad. La técnica de reducción de la parcialidad administrativa propia del principio de objetividad, en particular, parece consistir en la des-subjetivización de las valoraciones discrecionales de las Administraciones públicas.
Audits for the Use and Strategic Of Energy Efficiency on the Campus Bukit Indah of Malikussaleh University
Authors: Hasibuan Arnawan , Siregar Widyana Verawaty , Ezwarsyah Ezwarsyah , Kurniawan Robi
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the right strategy for energy efficiency that can be applied in the campus area. This study uses quantitative methods in a dominant position, while qualitative methods are less dominant. The method of analysis for this study uses Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) with the characteristics of the implementer and the target group consisting of motives, cognition, and strengths. These variables will be the main points for formulating a basic strategy on energy use at the Faculty of Engineering, Bukit Indah campus, Malikussaleh University. Contextual issues are also external factors that influence and become a consideration in determining the level of energy efficiency efforts on campus. Regarding to CIT measurements which have been analyzed, the score of motives from implementer is -0.33, cognitions +0.50, and power +62. Then, overall for target group get positive score which consist of motives +0.75, cognitions +0.54, and power +0.44. The result of type interaction between two actors point out number 10 which is about obstructive. Apart from that, three contextual issues will also be analyzed that affect the characteristics of actors, namely the specific context, the structural context and the broader context. Strategic planning to pursue energy efficiency at the Faculty of Engineering, Bukit Indah Campus, Malikussaleh University consists of increasing motivation with energy-saving campaigns and awarding prizes. Then, improve cognition with energy audits and socialization of energy efficiency. Finally, increasing strength through the implementation of sustainable policies and programs.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PERONTOK LADA (Piper Nigrum L.) TIPE SILINDER PERONTOK BERJARING
Authors: Suhendra Suhendra , Hardi Yogi , Nopriandy Feby , Butsinignsih Irma Fahrizal
Published: August 2021

Lada hitam dihasilkan dari buah tanaman lada yang diproses dengan cara dirontok dan dikeringkan. Proses perontokan dapat dilakukan secara manual atau mekanis. Proses perontokan lada secara manual memiliki banyak kelemahan sehingga perlu dikembangkan sistem perontokan lada secara mekanis. Sistem perontokan yang didesain harus sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani lada yang umumnya adalah petani dengan luas lahan sempit. Mesin perontok lada tipe silinder perontok berjaring merupakan upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini karena mesin memiliki konstruksi sederhana, murah dan terbuat dari bahan yang mudah diperoleh. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah merancang bangun dan menguji kinerja mesin perontok lada dengan mekanisme perontok berupa silinder perontok berjaring. Variabel bebas dalam pengujian adalah kekuatan tarik pegas sedangkan variabel tak bebas adalah kapasitas, efisiensi perontokan dan tingkat kerusakan buah lada. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan perancangan dan pembuatan komponen, dilanjutkan dengan melakukan pengujian. Hasil rancang bangun diperoleh mesin perontok lada tipe silinder perontok berjaring berpenggerak motor listrik 1/4 HP, kecepatan putar silinder perontok 339 rpm, sistem transmisi sabuk V dan puli, massa mesin 12 kg, panjang 50,0 cm, lebar 38,5 cm dan tinggi 68 cm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil kekuatan tarik pegas dapat  meningkatkan kapasitas perontokan lada.  Sebaliknya, semakin besar kekuatan tarik pegas dapat meningkatkan efisiensi perontokan dan persentase kerusakan buah lada. Kapasitas dan persentase kerusakan buah lada tertinggi diperoleh pada kekuatan tarik pegas 0,19 kg/cm dengan kapasitas 117,8 kg/jam dan persentase kerusakan 8,8%, sedangkan efisiensi perontokan tertinggi diperoleh pada kekuatan tarik pegas 0,45 kg/cm yaitu sebesar 97,5%
PEMBUATAN MANISAN INSTAN BERAS RENDANG
Authors: Murtius Wenny Surya , Fiana Risa Meutia , Ming Aurian
Published: August 2021

Beras rendang merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional Minang yang berasal dari Kota Payakumbuh dan sekitarnya. Beras rendang biasa dikonsumsi dalam bentuk makanan cemilan, sangat cocok dijadikan buah tangan karena termasuk endemik. Salah satu kelemahan dari makanan ini adalah umur simpan yang sangat pendek. Beras rendang terdiri dari tepung beras rendang dan manisannya.. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk tetap bisa menyajikan beras rendang di luar daerah adalah dengan membuat manisan instan. Manisan terbuat dari campuran gula, santan dan bahan tambahan lainnya. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan serbuk santan dan gula  terbaik dalam pembuatan manisan instan beras rendang berdasarkan karakteristik kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan serbuk santan dan gula yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap kadar lemak dan kadar gula. Namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein dan karbohidrat. Perbandingan serbuk santan dan gula terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik kimia adalah 20%:30%, dengan karakteristik kadar air: 28,89%; kadar lemak 1,20%; kadar protein 4,40%; kadar abu 0,65%; karbohidrat 64,86%; total gula 26,03%.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN EKONOMI USAHA PENYEWAAN AMMDES PENGOLAH KOPI UNTUK AKTIFITAS PENGOLAHAN KOPI HULLER DAN PULPER
Authors: Maulana Fajar , Yusuf Asep , Thoriq Ahmad , Sugandi Wahyu Kristian
Published: August 2021

Alat Mekanis Multiguna Pedesaan (AMMDes) pengolah kopi merupakan inovasi produk PT Kreasi Mandiri Wintor Indonesia. Keunggulan alat tersebut adalah dapat dioperasikan secara mobile dan dapat melakukan proses huller dan pulper dimana saja sesuai keinginan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari biaya sewa yang layak secara ekonomi pada mesin huller dan pulper AMMDes Pengolah Kopi. Metode yang digunakan adalah memperhitungkan biaya tetap dan biaya variabel. Mesin huller mempunyai jam kerja 2 jam perhari, sedangkan mesin pulper mempunyai jam kerja 6 jam perhari. Kapasitas produksi mesin huller sebesar 107,413 kg/jam, sedangkan kapasitas produksi mesin pulper sebesar 390,076 kg/jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada umur penyewaan AMMDes selama 120 bulan, diperoleh biaya jasa minimum pengolahan kopi layak secara ekonomi untuk huller sebesar Rp 500/kg dan pulper sebesar Rp 300/kg .
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA SARI BUAH PEDADA (Sonneratia caseolaris) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Dari Dini Wulan , Ananda Mutia , Junita Dini
Published: August 2021

Buah pedada yaitu buah mangrove yang hidup di perairan payau, bagian dasar dibungkus kelopak bunga, dan tidak beracun. Masyarakat jarang mengkonsumsi langsung buah pedada karena rasanya yang asam.  Buah pedada memiliki beberapa kandungan gizi yang baik untuk kesehatan, namun buah pedada belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Buah tersebut dapat diolah menjadi produk pangan seperti sari buah. Pengolahan dan penyimpanan dapat mempengaruhi kandungan gizi produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kimia pada sari buah pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga perlakuan yaitu sari buah pedada tanpa penambahan gula (P1), sari buah pedada dengan penambahan gula 60% (P2), dan sari buah pedada dengan penambahan gula 70% (P3), sari buah yang telah diolah kemudian disimpan pada tiga waktu penyimpan (hari ke-0, ke-3 dan ke-6) pada suhu 7˚C. Pada setiap waktu penyimpanan dilakukan uji karakteristik kimia untuk mengetahui rasio kenaikan dan penurunan zat gizi dan kapsitas antioksidan yang terjadi pada sari buah pedada (sonneratia caseolaris) selama penyimpanan. Karakteristik kimia sari buah pedada selama penyimpanan 0 hari, 3 hari dan 6 hari padaa suhu 70C mengalami kenaikan pada parameter kadar abu yaitu sebesar 0,02% dan serat sebesar  0,81%.  Kadar karbohidrat dan serat mengalami kenaikan yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 0,9% dan 0,81% serta penurunan berturut-turut sebesar 0,2% dan 0,51%. Parameter yang lainnya mengalami penurunan yaitu kadar protein sebesar 0,16%, vitamin C sebesar 3,27 mg dan aktivitas sebesar 0,65%. Sari buah pedada dengan karakteristik kimia terbaik selama penyimpanan adalah pedada 200 g dengan penambahan gula 70%.
KARAKTERISASI DAMAR DARI PESISIR SELATAN DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK PEMBUATAN PERNIS
Authors: Kasim Anwar , Permata Deivy Andhika , Malrianti Yefsi
Published: August 2021

Damar merupakan resin resin alami yang dihasilkan oleh tanaman dari famili Dipterocarpaceae dan Burseraceae. Sumatera Barat adalah satu propinsi penghasil damar yang penting di Indonesia dengan sentra produksi Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Pemanfaatan damar di Indonesia sebagian kecil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembatik dalam negeri dan sebagian besar diekspor. Padahal damar dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku utama pernis yang dapat digunakan pada industri mebel dan bagian tertentu bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik damar yang diperoleh dari Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dan menentukan komposisi yang tepat pada pembuatan pernis yang memanfaatkan damar tersebut. Selain damar juga digunakan terpentin dan minyak kemiri sebagai bahan penyusun pernis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa di Pesisir Selatan didapatkan jenis damar mata kucing dan damar batu. Karakteristik damar mata kucing yang didapatkan antara lain warna kuning bening, titik leleh 71 0C, densiti 0,68 g/cm dan kehilangan berat suhu 105 0C 18 jam 0,84%. Komposisi terpilih pernis yang dihasilkan dengan waktu pengeringan yang sama dengan pernis komersil adalah 23% damar, 54% terpentin dan 23% minyak kemiri.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KECEPATAN PUTARAN MESIN (RPM) TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN PENCACAH LIMBAH JAGUNG UNTUK PAKAN TERNAK SAPI DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Hamakonda Umbu A , Bere Edelnia , Muhdin Muhamad , Lalus Fatu L
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan putaran mesin pencacah terhadap kualitas hasil cacahan dan menentukan kecepatan putaran mesin dengan hasil cacahan yang berkualitas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode ekperimental untuk menganalisis ragam pengaruh perlakuan  terhadap pengaruh perbedaan kecepatan  putaran mesin. Dengan  metode ini  dapat menganalisis dan diketahui perlakuan terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas kerja tertinggi terdapat pada RPM 3400 sebesar 13,11 gr/menit yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kapasitas kerja alat terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan C dengan nilai rata rata sebesar 5,43 gram/menit. Hasil uji jarak berganda duncan terhadap keseragaman hasil cacahan menunjukkan bahwa pada pada kecepatan putaran 3400 rpm menghasilkan ukuran cacahan terbaik dengan ukuran 2 cm paling besar yaitu sebanyak 5,43 gram, yang berbeda nyata dengan kecepatan putaran mesin lainnya.
PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS PABRIK DALAM UPAYA EFISIENSI MATERIAL HANDLING DI UD. DONESI
Authors: Irmanto Intan Nurhaliza , Darmawan M. Indra , Ningsih Yuliana
Published: August 2021

UD. Donesi merupakan suatu industri yang bergerak dibidang pembuatan kue kering tradisional. Saat ini kondisi tata letak fasilitas produksi di UD. Donesi masih kurang efisien dalam pengaturan material handling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rancangan tata letak fasilitas pabrik yang efisien dengan menggunakan metode ARC dan menganalisis secara kuantitatif dengan meminimalkan material handling, waktu dan menghitung ongkos material handling Pendekatan yang digunakan pada perancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas produksi di UD. Donesi dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif menggunakan Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) dan analisis kuantitatif melalui perhitungan jarak, waktu dan ongkos material handling dalam menentukan keberhasilan proses perancangan ulang tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh dari rancangan Layout usulan berdasarkan analisis ARC yaitu jarak material handling berkurang sebesar 68,5 m dan waktu material handling  menjadi 358,46 detik serta  ongkos  material handling Rp 20.664.
KAJIAN SEBARAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI SAWAH MENGGUNAKAN DATA CITRA LANDSAT 8 DI DAERAH IRIGASI BATANG ANAI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Budiman Rijal , Ekaputra Eri Gas , Berd Isril
Published: August 2021

Irigasi skala besar pada umumnya memiliki ketersediaan air cenderung tidak merata dari hulu, tengah dan hilir, sehingga mempengaruhi akan produktivitas tanaman padi. Daerah Irigasi Batang Anai merupakan irigasi skala besar dengan luas daerah layanan 13.604 ha tentu membutuhkan waktu, tenaga dan biaya yang tinggi untuk melakukan perhitungan produktivitas secara manual. Salah satu teknologi yang dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung perhitungan produktivitas padi adalah dengan memanfaatkan algoritma nilai Normalized Difference Vegetation Indeks (NDVI) dari analisis citra Landsat 8 selama 6 tahunan. Melalui identifikasi umur tanaman padi dapat diketahui pola tanam dan waktu panen. Nilai NDVI pada saat akan panen atau padi berumur 14-16 MST dijadikan acuan untuk pendugaan produktivitas yang dikorelasikan dengan produktivitas data ubinan. Analisis pada umur 14-16 MST didapatkan hubungan negatif. Semakin tinggi nilai NDVI maka produktivitas semakin rendah dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) adalah 0,8856. Dengan persamaan regresi yang didapatkan y = -9,4514x + 10,467. Terdapat nilai simpangan tertinggi 10,86 % atau 0,61 ton, sedangkan yang terkecil yaitu 1,45 % atau 0,07 ton. Sebaran produktivitas padi berdasarkan nilai NDVI di Daerah Irigasi Batang Anai dibagi menjadi tiga kawasan yaitu hulu sebesar 6,45 ton/ha GKP, tengah sebesar 6,46 ton/ha GKP, dan hilir sebesar 5,42 ton/ha GKP.
APLIKASI MALTODEKSTRIN PADA PEMBUATAN YOGURT BUBUK BIJI NANGKA (Arthocarpus lineus)
Authors: MD Masyhura , Faudi Misril , Surnaherman Surnaherman
Published: August 2021

Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi maltodekstrin terhadap kadar protein, total mikroba, total asam dan kadar air pada yogurt bubuk dari biji nangka. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap non-faktorial dengan konsentrasi maltodekstrin (M) terdiri dari 4 taraf (M1= 10%, M2= 15%  M3= 20%, M4= 25%) dan 3 ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis secara kuantitatif yaitu kadar protein, total mikroba, total asam dan kadar air. Parameter penelitian ini diolah secara ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji DMRT 5% menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi maltodekstrin dari 10-25% menunjukkan peningkatan kadar protein, total mikroba, dan kadar air, namun menurunkan total asam pada yoghurt bubuk biji nangka dengan konsentrasi terbaik terdapat pada 25%.
Notas sobre a gramaticalização de conectores causais x-que
Authors: Amorim Fabrício da Silva
Published: August 2021

Este artigo investiga a gramaticalização de três conectores causais formados a partir da associação de uma base léxico-gramatical ao item que: já que, posto que e visto que. Para tanto, adota uma perspectiva funcionalista de análise, que, pautando as relações entre estrutura e usos linguísticos, concebe a gramática como um sistema variável e emergente. Com base em dados recolhidos de uma amostra longitudinal, identifica os principais mecanismos que atuam na gramaticalização desses conectores, quais sejam, reanálise, analogia, metáfora e metonímia. As análises apontam para uma relação complementar entre os mecanismos cotejados, que, no caso dos elementos em pauta, operam tanto na dimensão da forma quanto na dimensão do significado, corroborando a natureza complexa dos processos de gramaticalização.
INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF WASTE-HEAT BOILERS WITHIN SELECTION OF COMPRESSOR SHOP LAYOUT
Authors:   JSC «Gazprom Neft-Omsk Refinery», Omsk, Russia, TROYAN A. N. , YANVAREV I. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, BOZHKO I. S. ,   JSC «Gazprom Neft-Omsk Refinery», Omsk, Russia; Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, SENTEMOV D. V. ,   JSC «Gazprom Neft-Omsk Refinery», Omsk, Russia; Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: August 2021

Повышение эффективности паровых котлов во многом связано со своевременной очисткой поверхностей нагрева, что улучшает их паропроизводительность и позволяет экономить существенное количество условного топлива. Одним из перспективных направлений на этом пути является применение пневмоимпульсной технологии, обеспечивающей получение высокоэффективных, безопасных, дистанционно управляемых систем очистки. Реализация данной технологии предполагает в том числе проведение оценки состава и компоновки необходимого оборудования компрессорного цеха, решения задач их оптимального проектирования
Brain Bloomers
Authors: Basu Prof. Amitava , Samanta Dr. Amalendu , Mallick Mr. Santanu , Akhter Md Arif , Mahato Ms. Saroj
Published: August 2021

Research is the only way to progress of human civilization. Since their arrival to the globe, thoughtful nature of human beings indulged them to carry out research work in different fields which gets reflected by the rapid progress of civilization. At present, threats posed by Covid-19 highlights the importance of research even for the survival of human beings.
Identificaction of phytoplankton blooms in the Gerlache Strait, West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Cañón Mary , Santamaría Eduardo
Published: August 2021

In order to identify phytoplankton blooms, the inherent optical properties index (IOPIndex) was used in surface water samples and the maximum chlorophyll-a (MPC) that were taken in the Third (January 2017) and in the Fourth Expedition (January 2018) from Colombia to Antarctica in the Gerlache Strait (EG). The IOPIndex is calculated from the standardized spatial anomalies of the phytoplankton, detritus and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficients using wavelength 443. In addition, the phytoplankton size index was calculated using the Blue / Red ratio and this related to the IOPIndex to determine the size structure of the phytoplankton responsible for the
blooms. In 2017, four stations were identified under bloom conditions, where two were superficial blooms and two subsurface bloom; to three in conditions of decrease of the bloom and to twelve in conditions of non-bloom, with a structure of diverse size where populations of the micro, nano and the picophytoplankton predominated. In 2018, two stations were identified in bloom conditions, being one superficial bloom and the other subsurface bloom; to two in conditions of decrease in bloom and nine in conditions of non-bloom, the size structure that dominated the blooms was microphytoplankton. With the IOPIndex, subsurface bloom conditions were observed in both expeditions, also
proving their effectiveness for blooms generated by natural or seasonal conditions at different depths of the water column.
Insights into the genetic diversity of the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), inferred
from mitochondrial DNA analysis, at Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Hernández Laura , Barragán Dalia , Negrete Javier , Poljak Sebastián , Riet Federico , Caballero Susana
Published: August 2021

The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) is a genetically low-studied species. In order to conduct the first genetic diversity assessment of this species in Danco Coast (Antarctic Peninsula), 423 bp of the mitochondrial DNA Control Region (mtDNA-CR) was sequenced
from 13 blood samples collected in Primavera Base (62º15’S, 58º39’W) during the 2011-2012 austral summer. Our results showed high haplotype diversity (h = 0.99), with various divergent haplotypes. Our findings suggest that leopard seals in the Danco Coast could
represent different phylogroups; however, including more genetic markers are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Benthic molluscs collected in Western Antarctica during the “Caldas”, “Admiral Padilla” and
“Admiral Campos” expeditions, southern summers 2014-2015, 2016-2017 and 2018-2019
Authors: Osorno Adriana , Cantera Jaime
Published: August 2021

This research is part of the results of the three first expeditions of Colombia to West Antarctica and it focused on the systematics and taxonomic diversity of the benthic community of molluscs collected between 5 and 400 m deep. The Sampling sites where
mollusks were collected were located along the Gerlache and Bransfield straits, around the Palmer Archipelago and the South Shetland Islands, adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula. The list of identified species that are deposited in the Museum of Marine Natural History of Colombia - Makuriwa, of the Institute of Marine and Coastal Research “José Benito Vives de Andréis” -Invemar, is presented. This inventory consisted of 15 specimens distributed in 10 taxa, of which 7 were shelled gastropods (including 5 microgastropods) and 3 were bivalves. Four microgastropods were placed in greater taxonomic categories due to the low knowledge of these taxa in the region (Anatoma sp., Cingulopsoidea sp., Truncatelloidea sp. and Eatoniella sp.). The other gastropod species (3) were Margarella antarctica, Prosipho turritus and Nacella concinna. The bivalves found were Philobrya sublaevis, Adacnarca nitens and Thracia meridionalis. The identified species have previously been recorded in West Antarctica. Some of them, like the bivalves, show a circumantarctic distribution. Nacella concinna was the
most abundant taxon. In coherence with the general objective of the “BioGerlache-Antarctica” project, the results generate contributions to the biological inventories of Antarctica, contributing to expand the information to define possible conservation areas in the future.
Epipelagic euphausiids assemblage in the Gerlache Strait (Antarctic Peninsula) during January 2015
Authors: Rivera Marisol , Giraldo Alan , Mojica Diego
Published: August 2021

The spatial distribution of the epipelagic Euphausiids was investigated during the first Colombian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica “Expedición Caldas” in the Gerlache Strait during the austral summer of 2015. Surface zooplankton was collected at 20 oceanographic stations with a simple conical net of 0.6 m in diameter mouth and 200 µm of mesh net. Four euphausiid species were collected in 70 % of the sampling stations: Euphausia crystallorophias Holt and Tattersall 1906, Euphausia superba Dana 1850, Thysanoessa sp. and Thysanoessa macrura Sars 1883. Euphausia crystallorophias was the most abundant species with maximum density of 818 ind 1000 m-3 associated with the entrance of the Wilhelmina Bay, in the central area of the Gerlache Strait. The northern and southern sectors of the strait had significant differences in surface temperature and salinity associated with significant differences in the composition of the euphausiid species assemblages between both sectors. Although E. crystallorophias was the numerically dominant euphausiid species in the Gerlache
Strait, E. superba was mostly distributed in the northern sector while Thysanoessa sp. was only distributed in the southern sector.
In vitro evaluation of the anti-mycobacterial properties of the extracts of Momordica Charantia
Authors: Giftson Paul , Joseph Jerrine , Kalyanasundaram Revathy , Ramesh Kumar V. , Aruni Wilson
Published: August 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease and remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. One fourth of the world population is infected with TB at a risk of developing disease. The increase in the incidence of drug resistant TB around the world urges the need to develop a new candidate to fight against the disease. Plants were considered as the rich source of bioactive components to be used as potential drugs. Medicinal plants are used in pure as well as crude materials for their medicinal properties. Our research aims in identifying the phyto-molecules which have anti- tuberculosis property. Four medicinal plants namely, Acalyphaciliata (Kuppaimeni), Solanumtrilobatum (Thuthuvalai), Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) and Sennaauriculata (Avaram) were chosen to evaluate their antimicrobial activity focusing on anti-tubercular activity. The methanol extracts of the medicinal plants showed significant inhibitory activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Sennaauriculata methanol extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. In the screening of antimycobacterial activity done by LRP assay, among the plant extracts tested, the hexane crude extracts of Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) showed 82.2% and 81.03% of inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively. Similarly, the methanol crude extracts of Momordicacharantia showed 87.14% and 63.55% of inhibition at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively.
A role for Rad5 in ribonucleoside monophosphate (rNMP) tolerance
Authors: Elserafy Menattallah , El-Shiekh Iman , Fleifel Dalia , Atteya Reham , AlOkda Abdelrahman , Abdrabbou Mohamed M , Nasr Mostafa , El-Khamisy Sherif F
Published: August 2021

Ribonucleoside monophosphate (rNMP) incorporation in genomic DNA poses a significant threat to genomic integrity. In addition to repair, DNA damage tolerance mechanisms ensure replication progression upon encountering unrepaired lesions. One player in the tolerance mechanism is Rad5, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and helicase. Here, we report a new role for yeast Rad5 in tolerating rNMP incorporation, in the absence of the bona fide ribonucleotide excision repair pathway via RNase H2. This role of Rad5 is further highlighted after replication stress induced by hydroxyurea or by increasing rNMP genomic burden using a mutant DNA polymerase (Pol ε - Pol2-M644G). We further demonstrate the importance of the ATPase and ubiquitin ligase domains of Rad5 in rNMP tolerance. These findings suggest a similar role for the human Rad5 homologues helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and SNF2 Histone Linker PHD RING Helicase (SHPRH) in rNMP tolerance, which may impact the response of cancer cells to replication stress-inducing therapeutics.
Improved systemic AAV gene therapy with a neurotrophic capsid in Niemann–Pick disease type C1 mice
Authors: Davidson Cristin D , Gibson Alana L , Gu Tansy , Baxter Laura L , Deverman Benjamin E , Beadle Keith , Incao Arturo A , Rodriguez-Gil Jorge L , Fujiwara Hideji , Jiang Xuntian , Chandler Randy J , Ory Daniel S , Gradinaru Viviana , Venditti Charles P , Pavan William J
Published: August 2021

Niemann–Pick C1 disease (NPC1) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in NPC1, which encodes the lysosomal cholesterol transport protein NPC1. Disease pathology involves lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and lipids, leading to neurological and visceral complications. Targeting the central nervous system (CNS) from systemic circulation complicates treatment of neurological diseases with gene transfer techniques. Selected and engineered capsids, for example, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.B facilitate peripheral-to-CNS transfer and hence greater CNS transduction than parental predecessors. We report that systemic delivery to Npc1m1N/m1N mice using an AAV-PHP.B vector ubiquitously expressing NPC1 led to greater disease amelioration than an otherwise identical AAV9 vector. In addition, viral copy number and biodistribution of GFP-expressing reporters showed that AAV-PHP.B achieved more efficient, albeit variable, CNS transduction than AAV9 in Npc1m1N/m1N mice. This variability was associated with segregation of two alleles of the putative AAV-PHP.B receptor Ly6a in Npc1m1N/m1N mice. Our data suggest that robust improvements in NPC1 disease phenotypes occur even with modest CNS transduction and that improved neurotrophic capsids have the potential for superior NPC1 AAV gene therapy vectors.
Impact of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants on erythrocytes during blood storage
Authors:   Technical Supervisor, Department of Transfusion Med., Kem Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, INDIA., Keny Chhaya
Published: August 2021

Background: Blood transfusion plays important role in the management of certain clinical conditions like acute blood loss, injury and anemia. The red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion can be stored for 35 to 42 days at 2–6°C. It has been reported that some biochemical changes occur during the course of storage. During storage, progressive morphological and biochemical changes occur which are often related to the reduction of ATP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and NADH in RBCs. These changes are referred to as the “storage lesions”. Oxidative damage is the most important factor causing RBC storage lesion. Free radicals can damage RBC products by lipid and protein oxidation affecting cell quality. The present study is aimed to study the impact of lipid peroxidation and potential role of enzymatic antioxidants in stored blood. Material and methods: The present study was observational study carried out in healthy blood donors at KEM hospital, Mumbai. Thirty healthy donors, who were fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. Estimation of hemoglobin, levels of lipid peroxidation and some enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was carried out in a properly stored blood samples at 40C. Enzyme levels estimation was carried out at every 7 days interval. Blood grouping of all the samples was also done to check if there is any change in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels across the groups. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indirect marker of lipid peroxidation that can modify proteins. Increased MDA levels in the study indicate that lipid peroxidation in red cells has occurred during the preservation period. Throughout storage period, the levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase declined. Statistically significant negative correlation existed between lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase. Whereas study established positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD). On day 8, day 15 and day 22, lipid peroxidation was found to be positively correlated with SOD. But on Day 30, there was negative correlation between lipid peroxidation and SOD. Blood grouping of all samples indicate no significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation when the different blood groups were compared. Methemoglobin levels in stored blood were increased over a period of 30 days. Conclusion: Red cell storage lesions due to oxidative injury during storage are now the reported fact, confirmed by the findings of the present study. This also indicates that antioxidant enzymatic machinery of the system comes into play adequately to circumvent the damage done. To investigate further therapeutic role of antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage to red cells during storage, large sample studies will be required.