bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EphB3 signaling induces cortical endothelial cell death and disrupts the blood–brain barrier after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Assis-Nascimento Poincyane , Tsenkina Yanina , Liebl Daniel J.
Published: January 2018

Damage to the cerebrovascular network is a major contributor to dysfunction in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Vessels are composed of lumen-forming endothelial cells that associate closely with both glial and neuronal units to establish a functional blood–brain barrier (BBB). Under normal physiological conditions, these vascular units play important roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by delivering oxygen and nutrients while filtering out molecules and cells that could be harmful; however, after TBI this system is disrupted. Here, we describe a novel role for a class of receptors, called dependence receptors, in regulating vessel stability and BBB integrity after CCI injury in mice. Specifically, we identified that EphB3 receptors function as a pro-apoptotic dependence receptor in endothelial cells (ECs) that contributes to increased BBB damage after CCI injury. In the absence of EphB3, we observed increased endothelial cell survival, reduced BBB permeability and enhanced interactions of astrocyte-EC membranes. Interestingly, the brain’s response to CCI injury is to reduce EphB3 levels and its ligand ephrinB3; however, the degree and timing of those reductions limit the protective response of the CNS. We conclude that EphB3 is a negative regulator of cell survival and BBB integrity that undermine tissue repair, and represents a protective therapeutic target for TBI patients.
Target engagement imaging of PARP inhibitors in small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Carney Brandon , Kossatz Susanne , Lok Benjamin H. , Schneeberger Valentina , Gangangari Kishore K. , Pillarsetty Naga Vara Kishore , Weber Wolfgang A. , Rudin Charles M. , Poirier John T. , Reiner Thomas
Published: January 2018

Insufficient chemotherapy response and rapid disease progression remain concerns for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Oncologists rely on serial CT scanning to guide treatment decisions, but this cannot assess in vivo target engagement of therapeutic agents. Biomarker assessments in biopsy material do not assess contemporaneous target expression, intratumoral drug exposure, or drug-target engagement. Here, we report the use of PARP1/2-targeted imaging to measure target engagement of PARP inhibitors in vivo. Using a panel of clinical PARP inhibitors, we show that PARP imaging can quantify target engagement of chemically diverse small molecule inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. We measure PARP1/2 inhibition over time to calculate effective doses for individual drugs. Using patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that different therapeutics achieve similar integrated inhibition efficiencies under different dosing regimens. This imaging approach to non-invasive, quantitative assessment of dynamic intratumoral target inhibition may improve patient care through real-time monitoring of drug delivery.
Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Chudasama Priya , Mughal Sadaf S. , Sanders Mathijs A. , Hübschmann Daniel , Chung Inn , Deeg Katharina I. , Wong Siao-Han , Rabe Sophie , Hlevnjak Mario , Zapatka Marc , Ernst Aurélie , Kleinheinz Kortine , Schlesner Matthias , Sieverling Lina , Klink Barbara , Schröck Evelin , Hoogenboezem Remco M. , Kasper Bernd , Heilig Christoph E. , Egerer Gerlinde , Wolf Stephan , von Kalle Christof , Eils Roland , Stenzinger Albrecht , Weichert Wilko , Glimm Hanno , Gröschel Stefan , Kopp Hans-Georg , Omlor Georg , Lehner Burkhard , Bauer Sebastian , Schimmack Simon , Ulrich Alexis , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Rippe Karsten , Brors Benedikt , Hutter Barbara , Renner Marcus , Hohenberger Peter , Scholl Claudia , Fröhling Stefan
Published: January 2018

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive mesenchymal malignancy with few therapeutic options. The mechanisms underlying LMS development, including clinically actionable genetic vulnerabilities, are largely unknown. Here we show, using whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing, that LMS tumors are characterized by substantial mutational heterogeneity, near-universal inactivation of TP53 and RB1, widespread DNA copy number alterations including chromothripsis, and frequent whole-genome duplication. Furthermore, we detect alternative telomere lengthening in 78% of cases and identify recurrent alterations in telomere maintenance genes such as ATRX, RBL2, and SP100, providing insight into the genetic basis of this mechanism. Finally, most tumors display hallmarks of “BRCAness”, including alterations in homologous recombination DNA repair genes, multiple structural rearrangements, and enrichment of specific mutational signatures, and cultured LMS cells are sensitive towards olaparib and cisplatin. This comprehensive study of LMS genomics has uncovered key biological features that may inform future experimental research and enable the design of novel therapies.
Non-Markovianity-assisted high-fidelity Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in diamond
Authors: Dong Yang , Zheng Yu , Li Shen , Li Cong-Cong , Chen Xiang-Dong , Guo Guang-Can , Sun Fang-Wen
Published: January 2018

The memory effects in non-Markovian quantum dynamics can induce the revival of quantum coherence, which is believed to provide important physical resources for quantum information processing (QIP). However, no real quantum algorithms have been demonstrated with the help of such memory effects. Here, we experimentally implemented a non-Markovianity-assisted high-fidelity refined Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm (RDJA) with a solid spin in diamond. The memory effects can induce pronounced non-monotonic variations in the RDJA results, which were confirmed to follow a non-Markovian quantum process by measuring the non-Markovianity of the spin system. By applying the memory effects as physical resources with the assistance of dynamical decoupling, the probability of success of RDJA was elevated above 97% in the open quantum system. This study not only demonstrates that the non-Markovianity is an important physical resource but also presents a feasible way to employ this physical resource. It will stimulate the application of the memory effects in non-Markovian quantum dynamics to improve the performance of practical QIP.
The effect of raloxifene augmentation in men and women with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Boer Janna , Prikken Merel , Lei Wan U. , Begemann Marieke , Sommer Iris
Published: January 2018

Recognizing the robust sex differences in schizophrenia prevalence, the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene is a likely candidate for augmentation therapy in this disorder. Therefore, a systematic search was performed using PubMed (Medline), Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of raloxifene in schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included in the quantitative analyses. Outcome measures were psychotic symptom severity, depression, and cognition. Meta-analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. A random-effects model was used to compute overall weighted effect sizes in Hedges’ g. Nine studies were included, investigating 561 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Raloxifene was superior to placebo in improving total symptom severity (N = 482; Hedge’s g = .57, p = 0.009), as well as positive (N = 561; Hedge’s g = 0.32, p = 0.02), negative (N = 561; Hedge’s g = 0.40, p = 0.02), and general (N = 526; Hedge’s g = 0.46, p = 0.01) subscales, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. No significant effects were found for comorbid depression and cognitive functioning. Altogether, these results confirm the potential of raloxifene augmentation in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Effects of high-intensity ultrasound and oil type on the Maillard reaction of d-glucose and glycine in oil-in-water systems
Authors: Yu Hang , Seow Yi-Xin , Ong Peter K. C. , Zhou Weibiao
Published: January 2018

This study addresses the effect of high-intensity ultrasonic processing on four oil-in-water systems, using sunflower, peanut, olive and flaxseed oils, respectively, that contained an aqueous d-glucose and glycine Maillard reaction (MR) model system. The MR in the water phase was promoted as observed from higher depletion of reactants and higher amount of MR products (MRPs). A significantly higher amount of pyrazines was generated after ultrasonic processing, particularly in the sunflower and olive oil systems. These promotions were attributed to a well-mixing effect and a localised high temperature and pressure environment generated by the high-intensity ultrasound. However, upon 1 h of ultrasonic processing at 80 °C, a significant increase of oxidation was observed with high peroxide and p-anisidine values in the post-processed oils; meanwhile, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids decreased as well. As a result, some off-flavours were also detected in the post-processed oils, which affected the overall flavour profile of the MR systems.
Tracheophyte genomes keep track of the deep evolution of the Caulimoviridae
Authors: Diop Seydina Issa , Geering Andrew D. W. , Alfama-Depauw Françoise , Loaec Mikaël , Teycheney Pierre-Yves , Maumus Florian
Published: January 2018

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are viral sequences that are integrated in the nuclear genomes of their hosts and are signatures of viral infections that may have occurred millions of years ago. The study of EVEs, coined paleovirology, provides important insights into virus evolution. The Caulimoviridae is the most common group of EVEs in plants, although their presence has often been overlooked in plant genome studies. We have refined methods for the identification of caulimovirid EVEs and interrogated the genomes of a broad diversity of plant taxa, from algae to advanced flowering plants. Evidence is provided that almost every vascular plant (tracheophyte), including the most primitive taxa (clubmosses, ferns and gymnosperms) contains caulimovirid EVEs, many of which represent previously unrecognized evolutionary branches. In angiosperms, EVEs from at least one and as many as five different caulimovirid genera were frequently detected, and florendoviruses were the most widely distributed, followed by petuviruses. From the analysis of the distribution of different caulimovirid genera within different plant species, we propose a working evolutionary scenario in which this family of viruses emerged at latest during Devonian era (approx. 320 million years ago) followed by vertical transmission and by several cross-division host swaps.
A hospital based retrospective study of factors influencing therapeutic leukapheresis in patients presenting with hyperleukocytic leukaemia
Authors: Jin Yanxia , Guo Shishang , Cui Qin , Chen Sichao , Liu Xiaoping , Wei Yongchang , Pan Yunbao , Tang Liang , Huang Tingting , Shen Hui , Xu Guanghui , Zuo Xuelan , Liu Shangqin , Xiao Hui , Chen Fei , Gong Fayun , Zhou Fuling
Published: January 2018

Therapeutic leukapheresis is a rapid and effective method to reduce early mortality of patients with hyperleukocytic leukaemia (HLL). However, few studies on factors influencing the efficiency have been reported. In this study, 67 cases who underwent leukapheresis were retrospectively analysed and factors related to the collection efficiency of leukapheresis (CEWBC) were also evaluated. Paired t test showed that there was a significant decrease in statistics of white blood cell (WBC) counts after apheresis. The results of two independent samples nonparametric test suggested that WBC counts, platelet (PLT) counts, haematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), serum chlorine (Cl) and globulin (GLB) before leukapheresis correlated with the CEWBC. Multiple linear regression analysis with background stepwise variable selection indicated that only WBC and HCT before leukapheresis had an influence on CEWBC significantly. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model indicated that lymphocyte (LY) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) pre-apheresis as independent factors significantly affected the prognostic survival of patients with HLL. Moreover, platelets and red blood cell were contaminated in the product of leukapheresis. It is an urgent problem to be solved in order to realise higher efficacy and higher purity of WBC collection to improve the survival of patients with HLL through optimising instruments.
Publisher Correction: Phosphodiester backbone of the CpG motif within immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides augments activation of Toll-like receptor 9
Authors: Pohar Jelka , Lainšček Duško , Kunšek Ana , Cajnko Miša-Mojca , Jerala Roman , Benčina Mojca
Published: January 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Intraskeletal histovariability, allometric growth patterns, and their functional implications in bird-like dinosaurs
Authors: Prondvai Edina , Godefroit Pascal , Adriaens Dominique , Hu Dong-Yu
Published: January 2018

With their elongated forelimbs and variable aerial skills, paravian dinosaurs, a clade also comprising modern birds, are in the hotspot of vertebrate evolutionary research. Inferences on the early evolution of flight largely rely on bone and feather morphology, while osteohistological traits are usually studied to explore life-history characteristics. By sampling and comparing multiple homologous fore- and hind limb elements, we integrate for the first time qualitative and quantitative osteohistological approaches to get insight into the intraskeletal growth dynamics and their functional implications in five paravian dinosaur taxa,Anchiornis,Aurornis,Eosinopteryx,Serikornis, andJeholornis. Our qualitative assessment implies a considerable diversity in allometric/isometric growth patterns among these paravians. Quantitative analyses show that neither taxa nor homologous elements have characteristic histology, and that ontogenetic stage, element size and the newly introduced relative element precocity only partially explain the diaphyseal histovariability. Still,Jeholornis, the only avialan studied here, is histologically distinct from all other specimens in the multivariate visualizations raising the hypothesis that its bone tissue characteristics may be related to its superior aerial capabilities compared to the non-avialan paravians. Our results warrant further research on the osteohistological correlates of flight and developmental strategies in birds and bird-like dinosaurs.
Profiling of metabolome and bacterial community dynamics in ensiled Medicago sativa inoculated without or with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus buchneri
Authors: Guo X. S. , Ke W. C. , Ding W. R. , Ding L. M. , Xu D. M. , Wang W. W. , Zhang P. , Yang F. Y.
Published: January 2018

Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the PacBio single molecule with real-time sequencing technology (SMRT), we analyzed the detailed metabolomic profiles and microbial community dynamics involved in ensiledMedicago sativa(alfalfa) inoculated without or with the homofermenterLactobacillus plantarumor heterofermenterLactobacillus buchneri. Our results revealed that 280 substances and 102 different metabolites were present in ensiled alfalfa. Inoculation ofL. buchneriled to remarkable up-accumulation in concentrations of 4-aminobutyric acid, some free amino acids, and polyols in ensiled alfalfa, whereas considerable down-accumulation in cadaverine and succinic acid were observed inL. plantarum-inoculated silages. Completely different microbial flora and their successions during ensiling were observed in the control and two types of inoculant-treated silages. Inoculation of theL. plantarumorL. buchnerialters the microbial composition dynamics of the ensiled forage in very different manners. Our study demonstrates that metabolomic profiling analysis provides a deep insight in metabolites in silage. Moreover, the PacBio SMRT method revealed the microbial composition and its succession during the ensiling process at the species level. This provides information regarding the microbial processes underlying silage formation and may contribute to target-based regulation methods to achieve high-quality silage production.
A RNA-Sequencing approach for the identification of novel long non-coding RNA biomarkers in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yamada Atsushi , Yu Pingjian , Lin Wei , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Boland C. Richard , Goel Ajay
Published: January 2018

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in human pathology, however, their role in colorectal carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, whole-transcriptome analysis was performed in 3 pairs of colorectal cancer (CRC) and matched normal mucosa (NM) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Followed by confirmation using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, we identified 27 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated lncRNAs in CRC. Up-regulation of four lncRNAs, hereby named colorectal cancer associated lncRNA (CRCAL)-1 [AC021218.2], CRCAL-2 [LINC00858], CRCAL-3 [RP11-138J23.1] and CRCAL-4 [RP11-435O5.2], was further validated by real-time RT-PCR in 139 colorectal neoplasms and matched NM tissues. Knockdown of CRCAL-3 and CRCAL-4 in colon cancer cells reduced cell viability and colony formation ability, and induced cell cycle arrest. TCGA dataset supported the associations of CRCAL-3 and CRCAL-4 with cell cycle and revealed a co-expression network comprising dysregulated lncRNAs associated with protein-coding genes. In conclusion, RNA-seq identified numbers of novel lncRNAs dysregulated in CRC. In vitro experiments and GO term enrichment analysis indicated the functional relevance of CRCAL-3 and CRCAL-4 in association with cell cycle. Our data highlight the capability of RNA-seq to discover novel lncRNAs involved in human carcinogenesis, which may serve as alternative biomarkers and/or molecular treatment targets.
Timing of spermarche and menarche among urban students in Guangzhou, China: trends from 2005 to 2012 and association with Obesity
Authors: Deng Yusheng , Liang Jianping , Zong Yinan , Yu Ping , Xie Runsheng , Guo Yangfeng , Wang Zhen , Deng Nali , Gao Yanhui , Jiang Yi , Yang Yi , Yang Jiewen , Liu Li
Published: January 2018

In Guangzhou, China, whether the trend of a decreasing pubertal age has continued in recent years remained unknown, and the association between obesity and early puberty was still controversial. Herein, we conducted a serial cross-sectional study using data from physical fitness surveillance (2005–2012), to determine the recent trends in age at spermarche and menarche among students in Guangzhou, and to investigate whether elevated BMI modified timing of spermarche and menarche. This study included 1,278,258 urban students. In boys, no significant differences were observed in median ages of spermarche (MAS) from 2005 to 2012, with overlapping 95% CIs. Similar results were observed for median ages of menarche (MAM) in girls. The Cox-Stuart trend test showed neither upward nor downward shift in MAS and MAM over time (P = 0.625; 1.000). Each year, both MAS and MAM decreased with increasing BMI. Furthermore, a higher BMI was associated with early age at spermarche and menarche, with ORs of 1.052 (95% CI = 1.045–1.059) and 1.233 (95% CI = 1.220–1.247) in 2012 for boys and girls, respectively. In conclusion, the pubertal timing has been stable in urban students from 2005 to 2012. Furthermore, obesity was associated with early timing of spermarche and menarche.
IL-34 and CSF-1 display an equivalent macrophage differentiation ability but a different polarization potential
Authors: Boulakirba Sonia , Pfeifer Anja , Mhaidly Rana , Obba Sandrine , Goulard Michael , Schmitt Thomas , Chaintreuil Paul , Calleja Anne , Furstoss Nathan , Orange François , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Boyer Laurent , Marchetti Sandrine , Verhoeyen Els , Luciano Frederic , Robert Guillaume , Auberger Patrick , Jacquel Arnaud
Published: January 2018

CSF-1 and IL-34 share the CSF-1 receptor and no differences have been reported in the signaling pathways triggered by both ligands in human monocytes. IL-34 promotes the differentiation and survival of monocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts, as CSF-1 does. However, IL-34 binds other receptors, suggesting that differences exist in the effect of both cytokines. In the present study, we compared the differentiation and polarization abilities of human primary monocytes in response to CSF-1 or IL-34. CSF-1R engagement by one or the other ligands leads to AKT and caspase activation and autophagy induction through expression and activation of AMPK and ULK1. As no differences were detected on monocyte differentiation, we investigated the effect of CSF-1 and IL-34 on macrophage polarization into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We highlighted a striking increase in IL-10 and CCL17 secretion in M1 and M2 macrophages derived from IL-34 stimulated monocytes, respectively, compared to CSF-1 stimulated monocytes. Variations in the secretome induced by CSF-1 or IL-34 may account for their different ability to polarize naïve T cells into Th1 cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CSF-1 and IL-34 exhibit the same ability to induce human monocyte differentiation but may have a different ability to polarize macrophages.
Differentiation potential of Pluripotent Stem Cells correlates to the level of CHD7
Authors: Yamamoto Takako , Takenaka Chiemi , Yoda Yusuke , Oshima Yasuhiro , Kagawa Kenichi , Miyajima Hiroshi , Sasaki Tetsuji , Kawamata Shin
Published: January 2018

Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) possesses two distinct features; self-renewal and the potential to differentiate. Here we show the differentiation potential and growth rate of ESC correlates positively with the expression level of the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7). When ESCs are maintained in feeder-free conditions and single cell seeding, ESC KhES-1 having 4520 copies or more of CHD7 in 5 ng total RNA show differentiation potential, but this is lost when the CHD7 copy number is reduced in KhES-1 to less than 696 by alternative culture conditions. Introduction of siCHD7 reduced differentiation potential and growth rate of KhES-1. Interestingly, KhES-1 underwent spontaneous differentiation when mCHD7 was introduced and we could not obtain CHD7-overexpressing ESC in culture. These data suggest that CHD7 drives differentiation, and there is a lower limit for CHD7 to initiate differentiation and an upper limit for CHD7 if maintained in undifferentiated state, and such upper limit varies depending on culture condition. As CHD7 drives cell growth, ESC with the highest permissible CHD7 level in the given culture become dominant in a couple of passages. Thus, we can select differentiation resistance-free cell clones by optimizing the culture system using CHD7 as an index.
Wide Band Low Noise Love Wave Magnetic Field Sensor System
Authors: Kittmann Anne , Durdaut Phillip , Zabel Sebastian , Reermann Jens , Schmalz Julius , Spetzler Benjamin , Meyners Dirk , Sun Nian X. , McCord Jeffrey , Gerken Martina , Schmidt Gerhard , Höft Michael , Knöchel Reinhard , Faupel Franz , Quandt Eckhard
Published: January 2018

We present a comprehensive study of a magnetic sensor system that benefits from a new technique to substantially increase the magnetoelastic coupling of surface acoustic waves (SAW). The device uses shear horizontal acoustic surface waves that are guided by a fused silica layer with an amorphous magnetostrictive FeCoSiB thin film on top. The velocity of these so-called Love waves follows the magnetoelastically-induced changes of the shear modulus according to the magnetic field present. The SAW sensor is operated in a delay line configuration at approximately 150 MHz and translates the magnetic field to a time delay and a related phase shift. The fundamentals of this sensor concept are motivated by magnetic and mechanical simulations. They are experimentally verified using customized low-noise readout electronics. With an extremely low magnetic noise level of ≈100 pT/$$\sqrt{{\rm{Hz}}}$$

Hz

, a bandwidth of 50 kHz and a dynamic range of 120 dB, this magnetic field sensor system shows outstanding characteristics. A range of additional measures to further increase the sensitivity are investigated with simulations.
The critical role of phase difference in theta oscillation between bilateral parietal cortices for visuospatial working memory
Authors: Tseng Philip , Iu Kai-Chi , Juan Chi-Hung
Published: January 2018

Visual working memory (VWM) refers to people’s ability to maintain and manipulate visual information on line. Its capacity varies between individuals, and neuroimaging studies have suggested a link between one’s VWM capacity and theta power in the parietal cortex. However, it is unclear how the parietal cortices communicate with each other in order to support VWM processing. In two experiments we employed transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) to use frequency-specific (6 Hz) alternating current to modulate theta oscillation between the left and right parietal cortex with either in-phase (0° difference, Exp 1), anti-phase (180° difference, Exp 2), or sham sinusoidal current stimulation. In Experiment 1, in-phase theta tACS induced an improved VWM performance, but only in low-performers, whereas high-performers suffered a marginally-significant VWM impairment. In Experiment 2, anti-phase theta tACS did not help the low-performers, but significantly impaired high-performers’ VWM capacity. These results not only provide causal evidence for theta oscillation in VWM processing, they also highlight the intricate interaction between tACS and individual differences—where the same protocol that enhances low-performers’ VWM can backfire for the high-performers. We propose that signal complexity via coherent timing and phase synchronization within the bilateral parietal network is crucial for successful VWM functioning.
Microbial habitability of Europa sustained by radioactive sources
Authors: Altair Thiago , de Avellar Marcio G. B. , Rodrigues Fabio , Galante Douglas
Published: January 2018

There is an increasing interest in the icy moons of the Solar System due to their potential habitability and as targets for future exploratory missions, which include astrobiological goals. Several studies have reported new results describing the details of these moons’ geological settings; however, there is still a lack of information regarding the deep subsurface environment of the moons. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the microbial habitability of Europa constrained by terrestrial analogue environments and sustained by radioactive energy provided by natural unstable isotopes. The geological scenarios are based on known deep environments on Earth, and the bacterial ecosystem is based on a sulfate-reducing bacterial ecosystem found 2.8 km below the surface in a basin in South Africa. The results show the possibility of maintaining the modeled ecosystem based on the proposed scenarios and provides directions for future models and exploration missions for a more complete evaluation of the habitability of Europa and of icy moons in general.
Anomalous Hall-like effect probe of antiferromagnetic domain wall
Authors: Lang Lili , Qiu Xuepeng , Zhou Shiming
Published: January 2018

Of crucial importance to antiferromagnetic (AF) spintronic devices, AF domain wall (AFDW), created in exchange biased Y3Fe5O12/Ni0.50Co0.50O (NiCoO)/Pt, is characterized by anomalous Hall-like effect through magnetic proximity effect and spin Hall magnetoresistance at NiCoO/Pt interface. The AFDW thickness, in the order of nanometers, has been for the first time proved in experiments to increase with increasing temperature. AF spins within AFDW show the same chirality in decent and ascent branches of ferromagnetic magnetization reversal process. Moreover, the uncompensated magnetic moment at the NiCoO/Pt interface is of perpendicular magnetization anisotropy and changes linearly in magnitude with temperature due to the reduced coordination of the magnetic atoms on the AF surface. This work will help to clarify the mechanism of the spin current propagation in AF materials and fully understand the physics behind exchange bias.
Role and mechanism of AT1-AA in the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome
Authors: Bu Shurui , Wang Yuxian , Sun Shuqing , Zheng Yanqian , Jin Zhu , Zhi Jianming
Published: January 2018

HELLP syndrome remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, which symptoms include hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count. The objective of this study was to determine whether HELLP is associated with AT1-AA. The positive rate and titer of AT1-AA in plasma from pregnant women were determined, and the correlation of AT1-AA titer with the grade of HELLP was analyzed. A HELLP rat model established by intravenous injection of AT1-AA. Our experimental results show the AT1-AA titer and positive rate were significantly higher in HELLP group, and AT1-AA titer were positively correlated with the level of TNF-α and ET-1 in plasma and the grade of HELLP syndrome. The results of animal experiments showed that the typical features of HELLP in the pregnant rats after AT1-AA injection. The levels of TNF-α and ET-1 in plasma and liver tissue were significantly increased in AT1-AA-treated rats compared with control rats. The HELLP syndrome induced by AT1-AA was attenuated markedly after administration of losartan. These data support the hypothesis that one the potential pathway that AT1-AA induce damage to capillary endothelial cells and liver during pregnancy is through activation of TNF-α and ET-1.
Multifunctional Device based on phosphor-piezoelectric PZT: lighting, speaking, and mechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Lee Sunghoon , Kang Taewook , Lee Wunho , Afandi Mohammad M. , Ryu Jongho , Kim Jongsu
Published: January 2018

We demonstrated the tri-functional device based on all powder-processing methods by using ZnS powder as phosphor layer and piezoelectric material as dielectric layer. The fabricated device generated the electroluminescent (EL) light from phosphor and the sound from piezoelectric sheet under a supply of external electric power, and additionally harvested the reverse-piezoelectric energy to be converted into EL light. Under sinusoidal applied voltage, EL luminances were exponentially increased with a maximum luminous efficiency of 1.3 lm/W at 40 V and 1,000 Hz, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) were linearly increased. The EL luminances were linearly dependent on applied frequency while the SPLs showed the parabolic increase behavior below 1,000 Hz and then the flat response. The temperature dependence on EL luminances and SPLs was demonstrated; the former was drastically increased and the latter was slightly decreased with the increase of temperature. Finally, as an energy harvesting application, the piezoelectric-induced electroluminescence effect was demonstrated by applying only mechanical pressure to the device without any external electric power.
Structure and elasticity of bush and brush-like models of the endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Kabedev Aleksei , Lobaskin Vladimir
Published: January 2018

The endothelial glycocalyx (EG), a sugar-rich layer that lines the luminal surface of blood vessels, is an important constituent of the vascular system. Although the chemical composition of the EG is fairly well known, there is no consensus regarding its ultrastructure. While previous experiments probed the properties of the layer at the continuum level, they did not provide sufficient insight into its molecular organisation. In this work, we investigate the EG mechanics using two simple brush and bush-like simulation models, and use these models to describe its molecular structure and elastic response to indentation. We analyse the relationship between the mechanical properties of the EG layer and several molecular parameters, including the filament bending rigidity, grafting density, and the type of ultrastructure . We show that variations in the glycan density determine the elasticity of the EG for small deformations, and that the normal stress may be effectively dampened by the EG layer, preventing the stress from being transferred to the cell membrane. Furthermore, our bush-like model allows us to evaluate the forces and energies required to overcome the mechanical resistance of the EG.
Characterization of the Cry1Ah resistance in Asian corn Borer and its cross-resistance to other Bacillus thuringiensis toxins
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Zeeshan , Quan Yudong , Wang Zhenying , Bravo Alejandra , Soberón Mario , He Kanglai
Published: January 2018

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins are effective to manage lepidopteran pests. Development of insect-resistance is the major threat to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops such as Cry1Ah-Maize. Laboratory selection with Bt-Cry1Ah toxin incorporated in artificial diet, during 48 generations of Asian corn borer (ACB) Ostrinia furnacalis produced 200-fold resistance. This resistant colony ACB-AhR readily consumed and survived on Cry1Ah-expressing Bt-maize. Cross-resistance analysis showed high cross-resistance to Cry1F (464-fold), moderate cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (28.38-fold), Cry1Ac (22.11-fold) and no cross-resistance to Cry1Ie toxin. This ACB-AhR cross-resistant phenotype is different from ACB-Cry1Fa resistant population that showed no cross resistance to Cry1Ah, suggesting that different mechanisms of resistance were selected in these two populations. Bioassays of reciprocal F1 crosses-progeny suggested autosomal inheritance of Cry1Ah resistance with no maternal effects. The dominance of resistance increased as concentration decreased. In Cry1Ah-maize tissues the progeny of reciprocal F1 crosses behaved as functionally recessive. Progenies analysis from backcrosses (F1 × resistant strain) suggested polygenic contribution to Cry1Ah- resistance in ACB-AhR. The use of multiple toxins is an imperative factor for delaying evolution of resistance to Cry1Ah-corn in ACB. However, the fact that ACB-AhR showed cross resistance to Cry1Fa indicates that selection of toxins for pyramided plants should be carefully done.
The Water-Alkane Interface at Various NaCl Salt Concentrations: A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Readily Available Force Fields
Authors: Underwood Thomas R. , Greenwell H. Chris
Published: January 2018

In this study, classical molecular dynamic simulations have been used to examine the molecular properties of the water-alkane interface at various NaCl salt concentrations (up to 3.0 mol/kg). A variety of different force field combinations have been compared against experimental surface/interfacial tension values for the water-vapour, decane-vapour and water-decane interfaces. Six different force fields for water (SPC, SPC/E, TIP3P, TIP3Pcharmm, TIP4P & TIP4P2005), and three further force fields for alkane (TraPPE-UA, CGenFF & OPLS) have been compared to experimental data. CGenFF, OPLS-AA and TraPPE-UA all accurately reproduce the interfacial properties of decane. The TIP4P2005 (four-point) water model is shown to be the most accurate water model for predicting the interfacial properties of water. The SPC/E water model is the best three-point parameterisation of water for this purpose. The CGenFF and TraPPE parameterisations of oil accurately reproduce the interfacial tension with water using either the TIP4P2005 or SPC/E water model. The salinity dependence on surface/interfacial tension is accurately captured using the Smith & Dang parameterisation of NaCl. We observe that the Smith & Dang model slightly overestimates the surface/interfacial tensions at higher salinities (>1.5 mol/kg). This is ascribed to an overestimation of the ion exclusion at the interface.
Serum podocalyxin levels correlate with carotid intima media thickness, implicating its role as a novel biomarker for atherosclerosis
Authors: Shoji Mayumi , Takemoto Minoru , Kobayashi Kazuki , Shoji Toshihiro , Mori Satoka , Sagara Jun-ichi , Kurosawa Hiroyuki , Hirayama Yoshiaki , Sakamoto Kenichi , Ishikawa Takahiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro
Published: January 2018

Podocalyxin is a cell surface sialomucin, which is expressed in not only glomerular podocytes but also vascular endothelial cells. Urinary podocalyxin is used as a marker for glomerular disease. However, there are no reports describing serum podocalyxin (s-Podxl) levels. Therefore, the association between s-Podxl levels and clinical parameters were examined with 52 patients. s-Podxl level was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median s-Podxl level was 14.2 ng/dL (interquartile range: 10.8–22.2 ng/dL). There were significant correlations (correlation coefficient: r > 0.2) of s-Podxl levels with carotid intima media thickness (IMT) (r = 0.30, p = 0.0307). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that s-Podxl levels remained significantly associated with carotid IMT > 1 mm (OR: 1.15; 95% CI 1.02–1.31, p = 0.026) after adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, current smoking status, hypertension, dyslipidemias, and diabetes. In conclusion, s-Podxl is independently associated with carotid IMT and might be used as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
Enhancing vestibular function in the elderly with imperceptible electrical stimulation
Authors: Serrador Jorge M. , Deegan Brian M. , Geraghty Maria C. , Wood Scott J.
Published: January 2018

Age-related loss of vestibular function can result in decrements in gaze stabilization and increased fall risk in the elderly. This study was designed to see if low levels of electrical stochastic noise applied transcutaneously to the vestibular system can improve a gaze stabilization reflex in young and elderly subject groups. Ocular counter-rolling (OCR) using a video-based technique was obtained in 16 subjects during low frequency passive roll tilts. Consistent with previous studies, there was a significant reduction in OCR gains in the elderly compared to the young group. Imperceptible stochastic noise significantly increased OCR in the elderly (Mean 23%, CI: 17–35%). Increases in OCR gain were greatest for those with lowest baseline gain and were negligible in those with normal gain. Since stimulation was effective at low levels undetectable to subjects, stochastic noise may provide a new treatment alternative to enhance vestibular function, specifically otolith-ocular reflexes, in the elderly or patient populations with reduced otolith-ocular function.
An experimental approach for real time mass spectrometric CVD gas phase investigations
Authors: Nattermann L. , Maßmeyer O. , Sterzer E. , Derpmann V. , Chung H. Y. , Stolz W. , Volz K.
Published: January 2018

This is a report on the first setup of a recently developed, extremely sensitive and very fast 3D quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer inline in a metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) system. This setup was developed ultimately for the decomposition- and the interaction analysis of various established as well as novel metalorganic sources for MOVPE deposition of III/V semiconductors. To make in-situ gas phase and growth interaction analysis on a new level of sensitivity possible without disturbing the MOVPE growth process itself, an optimized experimental connection of the mass spectrometer to the MOVPE system is required. This work reports on the realization of such an experimental setup and provides first proof of concept for decomposition analysis. In addition, a comparison to previous studies and gas-phase analysis at MOVPE systems will be given in this work.
Thrombin@Fe3O4 nanoparticles for use as a hemostatic agent in internal bleeding
Authors: Shabanova Emiliya M. , Drozdov Andrey S. , Fakhardo Anna F. , Dudanov Ivan P. , Kovalchuk Marina S. , Vinogradov Vladimir V.
Published: January 2018

Bleeding remains one of the main causes of premature mortality at present, with internal bleeding being the most dangerous case. In this paper, magnetic hemostatic nanoparticles are shown for the first time to assist in minimally invasive treatment of internal bleeding, implying the introduction directly into the circulatory system followed by localization in the bleeding zone due to the application of an external magnetic field. Nanoparticles were produced by entrapping human thrombin (THR) into a sol-gel derived magnetite matrix followed by grinding to sizes below 200 nm and subsequent colloidization. Prepared colloids show protrombotic activity and cause plasma coagulation in in vitro experiments. We also show here using a model blood vessel that the THR@ferria composite does not cause systematic thrombosis due to low activity, but being concentrated by an external magnetic field with simultaneous fibrinogen injection accelerates local hemostasis and stops the bleeding. For instance, a model vessel system with circulating blood at the puncture of the vessel wall and the application of a permanent magnetic field yielded a hemostasis time by a factor of 6.5 shorter than that observed for the control sample. Biocompatibility of composites was tested on HELF and HeLa cells and revealed no toxic effects.
Stability and anisotropy of (FexNi1−x)2O under high pressure and implications in Earth’s and super-Earths’ core
Authors: Huang Shengxuan , Wu Xiang , Qin Shan
Published: January 2018

Oxygen is thought to be an important light element in Earth’s core but the amount of oxygen in Earth’s core remains elusive. In addition, iron-rich iron oxides are of great interest and significance in the field of geoscience and condensed matter physics. Here, static calculations based on density functional theory demonstrate that I4/mmm-Fe2O is dynamically and mechanically stable and becomes energetically favorable with respect to the assemblage of hcp-Fe and $$R\bar{3}m$$
R

3
¯

m
-FeO above 270 GPa, which indicates that I4/mmm-Fe2O can be a strong candidate phase for stable iron-rich iron oxides at high pressure, perhaps even at high temperature. The elasticity and anisotropy of I4/mmm-(FexNi1−x)2O at high pressures are also determined. Based on these results, we have derived the upper limit of oxygen to be 4.3 wt% in Earth’s lower outer core. On the other hand, I4/mmm-(FexNi1−x)2O with high AV
S
is likely to exist in a super-Earth’s or an ocean planet’s solid core causing the locally seismic heterogeneity. Our results not only give some clues to explore and synthesize novel iron-rich iron oxides but also shed light on the fundamental information of oxygen in the planetary core.
Motivating Cord Blood Donation with Information and Behavioral Nudges
Authors: Grieco Daniela , Lacetera Nicola , Macis Mario , Di Martino Daniela
Published: January 2018

Umbilical cord blood is a source of hematopoietic stem cells essential to treat life-threatening diseases, such as leukemia and lymphoma. However, only a very small percentage of parents donate upon delivery. The decision to donate the cord blood occurs at a very specific time and when parents likely experience emotional, informational, and decisional overloads; these features of cord blood donation make it different from other pro-social activities. In collaboration with an OB-GYN clinic in Milan, Italy, we conducted the first randomized controlled trial that applies tools from behavioral science to foster cord blood donation, and quantified the gains that informational and behavioral “nudges” can achieve. We found that information and “soft” commitments increased donations; approaching expecting parents closer to the delivery date and providing them with multiple reminders, moreover, had the strongest impact. However, a significant portion of women who expressed consent to donate could not do so because of organizational constraints. We conclude that simple, non-invasive behavioral interventions that address information gaps and procrastination, and that increase the salience of the activity can substantially enhance altruistic donations of cord blood, especially when coupled with organizational support.
The interaction between BSA and DOTAP at the air-buffer interface
Authors: Xu Guoqing , Hao Changchun , Zhang Lei , Sun Runguang
Published: January 2018

In this article, the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) at the air-buffer interface was investigated at different subphase’s pH values (pH = 3, 5 and 10). Surface pressure measurements (π − A) and penetration kinetics process (π − t) were carried out to reveal the interaction mechanism and the dynamical behavior. The data showed that π − A isotherms moved towards larger mean molecular area when the concentration of BSA ([BSA]) increased, the amount of BSA adsorbed onto DOTAP monolayer reached a threshold value at a [BSA] of 5 × 10−8 M, and BSA desorbed from the lipid monolayer as time goes by. The results revealed that the association of BSA with DOTAP at the air-buffer interface was affected by the subphase’s pH value. When pH = 10, the interaction mechanism between them was a combination of hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic attraction, so BSA molecules could be well separated and purified from complex mixtures. AFM images demonstrated that pH value and [BSA] could affect the morphology feature of DOTAP monolayer and the adsorption and desorption processes of BSA. So the study provides an important experimental basis and theoretical support for learning the interaction mechanism among biomolecules in separation and purification of biomolecules and biosensor.
Motor skill learning and reward consumption differentially affect VTA activation
Authors: Leemburg Susan , Canonica Tara , Luft Andreas
Published: January 2018

Dopamine release from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) terminals in the primary motor cortex (M1) enables motor skill acquisition. Here, we test the hypothesis that dopaminergic VTA neurons projecting to M1 are activated when rewards are obtained during motor skill acquisition, but not during task execution at plateau performance, or by rewards obtained without performing skilled movements. Rats were trained to perform a skilled reaching task for 3 days (acquisition) or 7 days (plateau). In combination with retrograde labelling of VTA-to-M1 projection neurons, double immunofluorescence for c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was used to assess activation of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic VTA neurons. Dopaminergic VTA-to-M1 projection neurons were indeed activated during successful motor skill acquisition, but not when rats failed to learn or had reached plateau performance, nor by food rewards alone. By contrast, dopaminergic VTA neurons that did not project to M1 were activated by both skilled reaching and food rewards. Non-dopaminergic neurons were found to be activated by motor task performance at plateau, but not during skill acquisition. These results indicate that distinct populations of VTA neurons are activated by motor skill acquisition and task performance. Moreover, this activation is not merely related to consumption of food rewards.