bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Difference of Composite Resin Compressive Strength with Sidikalang Coffee Soaking
Authors: Hutagalung Mangatas H.P. , Benarivo T Ginting  , Sucy Erawati  , Sri Yasa Hasibuan  , Cindy Amalia P
Published: November 2021

Composite resin is a caries filling material. Generally, dentists choose this type ofresin as a restoration material because this material has a high compressivestrength. There are several factors that influence the compressive strength ofcomposite resins, including beverages consumed such as coffee. This study aims todetermine the difference in the compressive strength of the composite resin withSidikalang coffee immersion in 9 hours, 27 hours and 54 hours immersion time.This type of research is experimental laboratories with posttest only control groupdesign. The research sample was composite resin measuring 8 mm in diameter and4 mm in height. The sample size is determined by the Federer formula and a totalsample of 24 was obtained for the four treatment groups. Measurement ofcompressive strength using a three-point bending tool on a universal testingmachine. Data were analyzed by using the oneway Anova test. Based on the resultsof the study, the average compressive strength of composite resin in the groupwithout immersion, 9 hours, 27 hours and 54 hours of immersion was 20.69 ± 0.84,18.94 ± 0.41, 14.36 ± 0.66 and 6.70 ± 0.48. From the results of the study it can beconcluded that the ads are a significant difference in the average compressivestrength of composite resin after immersion in Sidikalang coffee for 9 hours, 27hours and 54 hours.
Relationship of Flamm Geiger Scores with Success Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Dewi Laksmita Chandra , Amir Fauzi  , Tri Suciati
Published: November 2021

Association Between Flamm Geiger Score And The Success Of Vaginal Delivery. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) is vaginal delivery on woman with history of cesarean delivery. A statement by Cragin (1916),  “Once a cesarean, always a cesarean”, has been a growing paradigm in the community which makes VBAC not a common practice. Flamm Geiger Scoring System is used to predict the likelihood of success in VBAC. The purpose of this research was to find out the association between Flamm Geiger score and the success of vaginal delivery. This research was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The population of this research were all patients that underwent delivery in dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from January to December  2014 and  the sample were all delivering patient with history of cesarean delivery.The data were taken from patient’s medical record and analyzed using Chi Square test or its alternative test (Fisher’s Exact Test). From 92 samples, there were 25 patients (27,2%) succeeded in undergoing VBAC and 67 patients (72,8%) delivered with repeated cesarean. There was an increasing probability for a successful VBAC ranging from 0% in samples with a score of 0-2 to 100% in samples with a score of 8-10. The result showed that there was an association between Flamm Geiger score and the success of vaginal delivery (p=0,000). There is association between Flamm Geiger score and the success of vaginal delivery in dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from January to December  2014.
Mother-Related Factors Affecting Vaccine Refusal Towards Elementary School Student in Palembang
Authors: Desiani Mareta Kurnia
Published: November 2021

The low coverage of vaccination in Indonesia is partly due to vaccine refusal by mothers towards their children, especially in primary schools. Vaccinations that aim to provide immunity to children against certain diseases are considered unnecessary and have a negative impact. This research was conducted with the aim of exploring factors related to mothers against refusing vaccines in primary school children. Using a descriptive qualitative observational study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations of 44 mothers who have elementary school children in Palembang. Data analysis was performed using an interactive model analysis consisting of three stages namely: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions and verification. The triangulation method is then performed for data validation. Based on the results of data retrieval to 44 informantts, it was found that maternal factors that influence rejection of vaccines in primary school children are sources of knowledge about immunization, religious factors, trust in vaccination, vaccination safety, husband's role, and lack of socialisation of vaccination.
Differences in the Effectiveness of Health Promotion through Video and Interactive Dialogue on Smoking Cessation Interest Among Teenagers in Palembang
Authors: Holianto Vondy
Published: November 2021

Cigarettes have long been recognized as a risk factor for various health problems, and are the world's largest preventable cause of death1. Teenagers are more easily influenced especially by social groups to do negative things, such as smoking2. Currently the trend to start smoking is increasing among teenagers. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of health promotion presented in the form of audio-visual and interactive dialogue on interest in quitting smoking in teens in Palembang. This research is an analytic study through a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest two group research design without control group. The research sample consisted of 206 teenage smokers, divided into 2 groups, namely 103 teenage in the video group and 103 teenage in the interactive dialogue group. This study uses paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann Whitney test. This study reveals that health promotion through video media and interactive dialogue is effective to elevate the knowledge and interest in smoking cessation among teenagers (p = 0.000 α = 0.05). The mean value of knowledge and interest in the interactive dialogue group is higher than in the video group. However, there was no difference concerning effectiveness of health promotion through interactive dialogue and videos on the knowledge and interest in quitting smoking among teenagers. (p = 0.21 α = 0.05).
Prusko-francouzská válka v kramářských tiscích
Authors: Drozda Martin
Published: November 2021

The study deals with the Franco-Prussian War in chapbooks. This conflict provided the last major stimulus for this medium, which gradually disappeared in the second half of the 19th century. Chapbooks on the subject of the Franco-Prussian war comprised mostly broadside ballads, but prayers and small prose prints were created as well. The importance of satirical songs significantly increased at that time. The article studies the interpretation of the war conflict in chapbooks, especially the glorification of French commanders and the authors’ hatred for Prussian soldiers, which stemmed from the defeat of the Austrian army in 1866. Attention is also paid to reflections on the main figures in the conflict (Napoleon III, Otto von Bismarck). The paper shows the genre diversity of chapbooks in the second half of the 19th century, at a time when they were gradually disappearing.
Aspects of Continuity and Change in the Representation of the Goddess Tayt
Authors: Wollnerová Dorotea
Published: November 2021

The Egyptian goddess Tayt has always been connected with weaving, linen, and the clothing of the deities. Overall, one can observe a clear continuity in the depiction of Tayt in a purely anthropomorphic form from its earlier occurrences during the New Kingdom well into Roman times. However, during the Late and the Ptolemaic-Roman Period Tayt appears in several different forms, she is at times represented with the head of a lioness or with a cobra’s head. The article takes an in-depth look at the various occasions in which discontinuity can be observed in the traditional portrayal of the goddess and aims to provide answers to the various reasons and implications behind this change in appearance.
How Many New Asylums Do We Need for the Imbeciles? Náprstek’s Nurturing of Philanthropy
Authors: Secká Milena
Published: November 2021

A part of the collections of the Náprstek Museum also includes exhibits documenting the life and activity of Vojta Náprstek. Among them belong thirty paintings of educational and social institutes of the Anglo-American world. They were painted by Alois Studnička, and Vojta Náprstek displayed them in 1865 at an exhibition at Žofín in Prague. The exhibition of more than a hundred paintings was accompanied by lectures not only concerning these institutions, but also concerning patrons who founded and supported these institutions. At the same time, he encouraged the listeners to follow his own example of promoting patronage.
Preliminary Report on the Nineteenth Excavation Season of the Archaeological Expedition to Wad Ben Naga
Authors: Onderka Pavel , Vrtal Vlastimil , Honzl Jiří
Published: November 2021

The nineteenth excavation season of the Archaeological Expedition to Wad Ben Naga primarily focused on the continued excavations of the so-called Isis Temple (WBN 300). The main aim was to confirm the assumptions that could have been made about the dimensions and disposition of the temple based on the results of previous excavation seasons. The second, southern, tower of the temple’s pylon was uncovered. Similar to the northern one, it included a side entrance to the temple. Another trench was opened in the back of the temple confirming the position of another corner of the building. Outside the so-called Isis Temple (WBN 300), the works continued in gradual uncovering of structure WBN 250.
Sostenibilidad de los proyectos pecuarios de la región Ch´orti´ de Chiquimula, Guatemala
Authors: Linares Díaz Alejandro José
Published: November 2021

Guatemala, experimenta una condición de inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional, acentuada por los altos índices de pobreza y pobreza extrema multidimensional en la población, principalmente en áreas rurales. Uno de los departamentos más afectados por este problema es Chiquimula en su región Ch´orti´, compuesta por cuatro municipios: Jocotán, Camotán, San Juan Ermita y Olopa que, albergan a más de 160,000 habitantes.
 
Ante este problema, la incorporación de proyectos pecuarios, ha buscado mejorar las condiciones de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de las familias vulnerables, al proveer alimentos de diversas especies animales con alto valor nutricional, especialmente de tipo proteico.  Sin embargo, a través de varias décadas, estos sistemas productivos se han reducido o perdido, ya sea parcial o totalmente y su persistencia ha sido comprometida, sin conocerse las causas.
 
Medir la sostenibilidad de éstos, fue el punto de partida de la presente investigación descriptiva con un enfoque mixto donde, a través de la metodología de “Marco para la Evaluación del Sistema de Manejo de recursos naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sostenibilidad” – MESMIS –, bajo el método hipotético-deductivo, en siete atributos: productividad, estabilidad, confiabilidad, resiliencia, adaptabilidad, equidad y autosuficiencia, distribuidos en 16 macroindicadores y 65 indicadores específicos, construidos especialmente para este estudio.
 
Palabras claves: Sostenibilidad, proyecto pecuario, seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, Ch´orti´
Optimierte Einregulierung von Verbrauchern, Teil 2
Authors: Rath Meinolf
Published: November 2021

In Heizungs- und Kühlanlagen sind die einzelnen Komponenten eines Regelkreises in ihrem thermischen und hydraulischen Verhalten voneinander abhängig. Dabei hat die gewählte Regelungsart – On/Off-Regelung, 3-Punkt- oder stetige Regelung – entscheidende Auswirkungen auf den Komfort für die Nutzer und die Effizienz des Systems. In diesem zweiten Teil des Fachartikels werden die konkreten Zusammenhänge zwischen Regelungsart und dem Verhalten des Wärmetauschers, der Rücklauftemperatur sowie den Pumpenkosten detailliert geschildert.
Berlin wächst barrierefrei: horizontal und vertikal
Authors: Stricker-Berghoff Undine
Published: November 2021

Zu Gast in der Bundeshauptstadt: Bei exklusiven Begehungen auf Einladung der Aufzugsbauer Kone und Schindler bestand bei drei exponierten Berliner Entwicklungs- und Bauprojekten die Chance für einen Blick hinter die Kulissen. Zu sehen gab es modernste Gebäudetechnik.
Efficacy, safety, and retention rate of extended-release divalproex versus conventional delayed-release divalproex: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   Chengdu BOE Hospital, Zhang Chen qi , Bai Xueyang , Wan Yong , Li Hongyan , Sun Hongbin
Published: November 2021

Review question / Objective: We aim to systematically examine and compare the efficacy, safety and retention rate of ER divalproex (VPA-ER) and conventional DR divalproex (VPA-DR) on patients with epilepsy. Condition being studied: To our knowledge, comparison and conversion studies about VPA-ER and conventional VPA-DR are lacked. Small-sample studies analyzing the safety and efficacy of VPA-ER in different populations remain controversial. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the safety, efficacy and retention rate of VPA-ER and VPA-DR by meta-analysis.
The Effectiveness of the Sizerebotif Multimedia Filter Method in Improving the Quality of Dug Well Water to be Clean Water for Communities in Sinjai Regency
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Zaenab Zaenab , Khaer Ain , Mappau Zrimurti , Adam Adriyani
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Based on the results of laboratory examinations, initial samples taken from one of the clean water sources (dug wells) in Biringere Village, North Sinjai District, results showed that the water sample contained high enough metal ions such as Fe, Mn, hardness, and organic substances which did not meet the requirements as clean water because it still contained levels of Manganese (Mn) 1.68 mg/l. Meanwhile, for organic substances (KMnO4), it is 9876 mg/l.

AIM: The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of multimedia filters in improving quality of clean water from the parameters of Mn and KMnO4 in clean water sources (dug wells)..

METHODS: The type of research conducted is quasi-experimental by made a filtering processing method with a “Up Flow” flow system, using media consisting of silica sand, zeolite, resin (pine resin), and active carbon in PVC tubes. The population in this study were all dug wells in North Sinjai district. The samples were dug wells located on Biringere Village, North Sinjai District. The samples examined in Center for Environmental Health and disease control of Makassar.

RESULTS: The results obtained were that there was a significant change in manganese (Mn) levels of 0.49 mg/l (80.37%). Meanwhile, organic substances (MnO4) amounted to 17.38 mg/l (70.02%).

CONCLUSION: Decreasing levels of manganese (Mn) in well water after going through the multimedia filter process above show that the manganese content has met the standard requirements of the Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017.
Survival and Prognostic Factors After Carotid Artery Stenting in Patients with Concomitant Coronary Disease
Authors: Goranov Georgi , Tokmakova Maria , Nikolov Petar
Published: November 2021

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the prognostic factors in patients after carotid artery stenting (CAS).

METHODS: In 329 patients after CAS, the median survival (MS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated for a follow-up period of 2–101 months. All patients underwent coronary angiography before carotid stenting and, if indicated, coronary revascularization. Four groups of factors were analyzed: Carotid disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), underlying cardiac pathology, and concomitant diseases.

RESULTS: MS in all patients was 86 months, OS at 1, 3, 5, and 9 years was - 94%, 85%, 73%, and 51%, respectively. Event free survival was 85 months. Log Rank-Mantel-Cox analysis demonstrated significantly reduced MS in 21 tested factors, most of them related to CAD. Two-step multifactorial Cox regression analysis defined only 7 of them as independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients after CAS: Left main stenosis, complete revascularization, late myocardial infarction, stroke, age over 70 years, valvular disease, and carotid score.

CONCLUSION: Survival of patients after CAS is limited mainly by CAD and underlying cardiac pathology. Staged revascularization treatment strategy may improve the prognosis and survival of patients with both carotid and coronary disease.
Estimation of the Level of Glycosylated Hemoglobin as a Predictor Factor to Bevacizumab Injection in Diabetic Macular Edema in a Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Attar Hasanain Hasan , Abbas Farooq Mohammed , Layikh Haider
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: clinically significant macular edema ( CSME) consider as one of the most critical complications of poorly controlled diabetes and it’s the main reason for decreased vision in that kind of patients, we try in this article to find the relation between glycosylated hemoglobin level and the response to bevacizumab injections in people with macular edema
 
Materials and methods: Ninety-five patients (55 male:40 female) were recruited in this study, all of them had diabetes type2, age of the participants ranging from 42 to 70 years old, Complete ophthalmic examination was done for all the participants including (best-corrected visual acuity), (intraocular pressure) checking, fundus evaluation, and central macular thickness measurement, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was also measured, Patients were given 0.05ml(1.25mg) of bevacizumab (Avastin)  intravitreally for three successive months, Follow up visit was at 4,8,12 week post-injection. On each follow up detailed examination was done including the( best-corrected visual acuity) examination, (Intraocular pressure), both fundus examination, and OCT of the macula.
Results: This study included 111 patients who had type 2 diabetes mellitus who were classified according to HbA1c into two sub-groups, HbA1c ≤ 7 % (n = 45) and HbA1c > 7 % (n = 66) we found no significant difference in mean age and frequency distribution according to gender between study groups (p > 0.05), but, there was a highly significant difference in mean HbA1c % (p < 0.001). when we compare mean OCT and mean VA before and after the intervention in patients who had diabetes mellitus classified according to HbA1c into (HbA1c ≤ 7 % and HbA1c > 7 %) we found that before the intervention, there was no significant difference in mean OCT between study groups (p > 0.05), but after the intervention, there was a reduction in mean OCT and the reduction was more pronounced in the group of HbA1c of less than 7 % (p < 0.001). About visual acuity, we found no significant difference before the intervention and after the intervention, the changes were comparable between both study groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: intra-vitreal injections of bevacizumab result in anatomical (macular thickness) and functional (vision ) improvement in those patients who had diabetic macular edema and strict glycemic control affecting the outcome of the treatment where strict regulation of glucose level have yield maximum benefit from the given therapy
Determinants Factors of High-risk Sexual Behavior Pregnancy among Adolescent in Indonesia
Authors: Kosasih Cecep Eli , Solehati Tetti , Utomo Wahyu , Heru Heru , Sholihah Amalia Rizqi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The vulnerability of adolescent lifestyles, especially sexual behavior among adolescents, which causes an increase in pregnancy and early marriage.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the determinants of high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents in Indonesia.

METHODS: A correlational analytic research design was used with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data for the 2017 Indonesian demographic and health survey data (IDHS). The data collection was carried out through filling in the instruments developed by the 2017 IDHS. The data were analyzed using percentages, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. The study population was all adolescents, totaling 9,971 women and 12,612 single men aged 15–24 and living in Indonesia in the 2017 IDHS. The sampling technique used total sampling. Time of research: August-November 2020. Place: research locations in 34 provinces in Indonesia.

RESULTS: In male respondents, it was shown that the factors most influencing high-risk sexual behavior in adolescents were age (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.003), place of residence (p = 0.000), discussion before wet dreams (p = 0.000), age at first wet dream (p = 0.000), age at first dating (p = 0.019), and internet usage (p = 0.000). Meanwhile, female respondents indicated that the most influential factors were age (p = 0.000) and place of residence (p = 0.032).

CONCLUSION: Boys have many factors that influence high-risk sexual behavior than girls. Information on determinant factors of high-risk adolescent sexual behavior can be used as a basis for developing policies for developing interventions in solving problems of premarital pregnancy due to high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents.
Balzac, lecteur de Shakespeare ?
Authors: Ortiga Émilie
Published: November 2021

L’influence de Shakespeare sur l’œuvre de Balzac est indéniable. De nombreux critiques ont remarqué les similitudes entre le Roi Lear et Le Père Goriot , La Vendetta et Roméo et Juliette , ou Le Nègre et Othello . De plus, les romans de La Comédie humaine , ainsi que la correspondance et les œuvres de jeunesse de Balzac sont parsemés de références shakespeariennes. Pourtant, il est difficile, voire impossible, de prouver définitivement que le romancier ait lu le dramaturge élisabéthain car les pièces de Shakespeare se diffusaient aussi à travers de multiples appropriations et adaptations telles que celles de Vigny, de Ducis ou de Rossini. Il s’agit donc dans cet article de déterminer quel type de lecteur Balzac était de Shakespeare, et quels types de lectures il faisait des pièces du dramaturge. Il s’avère utile de considérer Balzac comme un « lecteur-écrivain » de Shakespeare plutôt qu’un simple lecteur du célèbre dramaturge.
Balzac avec Rousseau
Authors: Charbonnel Nanine
Published: November 2021

Nous proposons une approche où la lecture de Rousseau par Balzac s’avère être une véritable imprégnation, et où l’œuvre balzacienne, conforme à l’idéologie romantique qui refuse les influences pour croire aux «  affinités électives  », partage les mêmes problèmes, élabore les mêmes solutions, à la fois «  métaphysiques  » et «  littéraires  », que celles de Jean-Jacques, à un niveau plus profond que les seules opinions sur les doctrines. Ainsi nous montrons – I Une même problématique : c’est-à‑dire la même affirmation du monisme ontologique…  ; la même notion d’énergie comme opérateur d’unification, voire d’unicité  ; la même exaltation de la notion de volonté, prise dans un sens bien particulier, au-delà du physique et du psychologique… et dans le même souci de légitimer la différenciation, cela par crainte de l’influence d’autrui. – II Une recherche des mêmes remèdes, par une survalorisation de pseudo-ressemblances : une même jouissance de la Personnification  ; la même croyance à l’analogie entre l’humanité collective et les âges de la vie (ou les heures d’une journée)  ; le même cratylisme (philosophie du langage croyant à des ressemblances entre le signifié et le signifiant)  ; la même recherche de solutions par le passage à la limite  ; la recherche de l’intensité  ; la même instabilité entre l’être et le devoir-être. – III Cela culminant dans la même attitude à l’égard de l’Incarnation (avec et sans majuscule) : une admiration première, celle du Verbe divin  ; la croyance à une réalité où tout est à déchiffrer, où tout est signe, où le sens est toujours à creuser, mais en même temps où tout est offert, apparent, manifeste, comme la présence même de Dieu dans sa création. Nous chercherons ce que signifie figuré chez Balzac, et nous appesantirons sur cette phrase de Balzac, dans Louis Lambert , qui nous paraît une clé pour rapprocher, ce qui chez l’un et l’autre auteur, désigne leur nouvelle façon de faire de l’écriture qui est «  par-delà philosophie et littérature  » : Aussi, peut-être un jour le sens inverse de l’ ET VERBUM CARO FACTUM EST, sera‑t‑il le résumé d’un nouvel évangile qui dira :ET LA CHAIR SE FERA LE VERBE, ELLE DEVIENDRA LA PAROLE DE DIEU
Au-delà de la bibliomanie
Authors: Tilby Michaël
Published: November 2021

Cette analyse prend comme point de départ les nombreuses allusions faites par Balzac aux écrits de Nodier, et notamment l’ Histoire du roi de Bohême et de ses sept châteaux , ouvrage qui fait ses délices dès sa parution en 1830. Il s’agit dans ce dernier cas d’un phénomène qui dépasse le simple enthousiasme de Balzac journaliste pour un succès de mode remporté par un auteur qu’il était prêt à considérer comme étant, en quelque sorte, son maître, pour s’insérer pleinement dans l’expérimentation balzacienne telle qu’elle se manifeste à cette époque sur le plan de la forme et de l’expression. À force de prolonger l’autoréflexivité caractérisant l’esthétique de Rabelais et de Sterne, le récit excentrique de Nodier invite l’imitation à son tour, défi relevé par Balzac à maintes reprises dans des textes éphémères (et parfois restés inachevés) sortis de sa plume au tournant de 1830. Cet acte d’imitation aurait comporté une leçon d’importance pour lui primordiale, à savoir que l’activité scripturale, telle qu’elle se pratique dans la tradition autoréflexive mise en évidence par Nodier, fait du lecteur une présence de première importance dans le texte. Ainsi Balzac lecteur se transforme-t‑il pertinemment en Balzac écrivain. Ce rapport avec le lecteur, non seulement dans ces échantillons d’écriture autoréflexive, mais aussi dans certaines des préfaces qu’il rédige dans ces mêmes années, s’avère pluridimensionnel, tout comme le romancier et conteur qu’est Balzac avance explicitement une idée multiple du lecteur, laquelle est la contrepartie de celle qu’il a de lui-même en tant qu’écrivain protéiforme. Un jeu textuel du même type peut également s’observer implicitement dans les premières pages d’ Eugénie Grandet , roman qui, à première vue, se distingue nettement des œuvres de la « self-conscious tradition ».
« La fin de l’homme »
Authors: Ebguy Jacques-David
Published: November 2021

L’empire des liens sociaux : tel est le sujet du Cousin Pons , dont la poétique nous semble fondamentalement déterminée par cette volonté de saisir la société comme un rhizome en perpétuelle expansion et traversé de conflits. On examine donc, dans cet article, la manière dont le roman présente un social tout à la fois constitué et empoisonné par la prolifération des liens mais figure, à côté d’une marche inexorable vers la fin (de l’homme et du récit), ce qui échappe ou résiste au fonctionnement social.
Le DPA-PC : une approche visant autant de nouvelles modalités d’accompagnement des personnes que leur participation
Authors: Le Roux Sylvaine , Portal Brigitte
Published: November 2021

Sylvaine Leroux prend le relais d’un accompagnement d’une collègue éducatrice qui est dans l’impasse avec une dame et son fils. Cet accompagnement, marche après marche, permet de passer d’une situation bloquée qui génère une grande souffrance chez Mme à une mise en mouvement qui facilite la reprise en main de ce qui est important pour elle. Mme est davantage actrice et ne subit plus les événements.
Le Développement du Pouvoir d’Agir des Personnes et des Collectivités, un levier original pour la recherche-action participative
Authors: Leleu Myriam
Published: November 2021

La démarche conscientisante du Développement du Pouvoir d’Agir des Personnes et des Collectivités (DPA-PC) a servi de guide à une recherche-action participative, Wallonie Amie des Aînés (WADA), menée à l’Université Catholique de Louvain (Faculté d’architecture, d’ingénierie architecturale, d’urbanisme), avec le soutien de la Région wallonne (Belgique). Les aînés de différentes entités communales ont pu y développer leurs savoirs d’expériences afin d’implémenter des actions pensées par et pour eux-mêmes visant l’amélioration des conditions du vieillissement au niveau local. D’objets supposés d’une observation, ils ont conquis un statut de sujets constructeurs d’un processus au fil de leur participation aux avancées de la recherche. Si une capacité d’action collective s’est dégagée, associée à l’affirmation d’une identité sociale et à l’émergence d’une conscience citoyenne et politique, elle présente toutefois des variations selon le profil des collectifs, les contextes locaux et les formes de la participation.
«Ser señores de las Indias»: las agresiones inglesas al Caribe español, 1590-1620
Authors: Burset Flores Luis Rafael
Published: November 2021

A finales del siglo XVI, el imperio español en América había sufrido derrotas militares y morales que mancillaron su prestigio como potencia mundial. Tras la fracasada invasión a Inglaterra en 1586, España perdió mucho más que su flota: perdió el respeto de los ingleses, quienes se embarcaron en un programa de ataques abiertos a las posesiones españolas en América. Este ensayo retrata la situación de las colonias en las décadas de cambio del XVI al XVII, y la desesperante vulnerabilidad del Caribe ante los ataques enemigos. Utilizando la correspondencia de los gobernadores y reales audiencias, el presente escrito presenta una mirada combinada de las incursiones a la región de varios agresores ingleses, unos más conocidos que otros.
El Consulado de Comercio de Buenos Aires y la diputación por Santa Fe en torno al Informe Larramendi (1795). Normativa, gobernabilidad e Ilustración durante el siglo XVIII rioplatense
Authors: Milano Adriana N.
Published: November 2021

En el marco de las reformas borbónicas implementadas por la Monarquía Hispánica para recuperar su antiguo esplendor, los consulados de comercio en América fueron instrumentos fundamentales en un nuevo reordenamiento. En este trabajo se analiza al consulado de comercio de Buenos Aires en relación a una de sus diputaciones, la santafesina, a propósito de un escrito conocido como el Informe Larramendi de 1795. El análisis evidencia la importancia de este documento como expresión de tensiones y disconformidades que enfrentaban a las elites santafesina y bonaerense; demostrando que el Consulado ponía a la luz problemáticas que iban más allá de las previstas por la Corona y que denuncian, en última instancia, rivalidades con Buenos Aires que se profundizarían en el siglo siguiente a partir de las guerras de Revolución.
El primer sistema de alumbrado y balizamiento de costas de Puerto Rico
Authors: Hinarejos Martín Nuria
Published: November 2021

El objeto de este artículo es analizar el primer sistema de alumbrado marítimo construido por la Corona española en varios puntos estratégicos del litoral de Puerto Rico e islas adyacentes a mediados del siglo XIX, con el fin de asegurar y desarrollar el comercio y la economía insular, garantizar mayor seguridad a la navegación, reforzar la defensa de los principales puertos comerciales y evitar posibles desembarcos enemigos. El estudio está basado en el análisis de varias fuentes gráficas y documentales custodiadas en el Archivo Histórico Nacional, desconocidas hasta la fecha, las cuales permiten examinar de manera detallada la construcción de cada uno de los faros. Además de contribuir a la aportación de información inédita, acerca de los ingenieros de obras públicas que trabajaron en la isla durante esta centuria, cuya labor ha pasado desapercibida para historiadores y expertos en Arquitectura.
Remembering objects
Authors: Openshaw James
Published: November 2021

Conscious recollection, of the kind characterised by sensory mental imagery, is often thought to involve ‘episodically’ recalling experienced events in one’s personal past. One might wonder whether this overlooks distinctive ways in which we sometimes recall ordinary, persisting objects. Of course, one can recall an object by remembering an event in which one encountered it. But are there acts of recall which are distinctively objectual in that they are not about objects in this mediated way (i.e., by way of being about events in which they featured)? This question has broad implications, not least for understanding the nature and role of imagery in remembering, the requirements of memory-based singular thought about objects, and the sense in which remembering involves ‘mental time travel’ through which one ‘relives’ past events. In this paper, I argue that we sometimes do recall objects from our past without remembering events in which they featured. The positive view of such cases I go on to propose draws on a wide body of empirical work in its support and accommodates a more nuanced picture of the role of imagery in remembering. Succinctly, remembering might essentially involve a kind of ‘re-experiencing’, but it need not involve ‘reliving’.
ORAI1 Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Regulating Tonic Type I IFN Signaling
Authors: Wu Beibei , Ramaiah Arunachalam , Garcia Gustavo , Hasiakos Spyridon , Arumugaswami Vaithilingaraja , Srikanth Sonal
Published: November 2021

ORAI1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are the critical mediators of store-operated Ca2+ entry by acting as the pore subunit and an endoplasmic reticulum–resident signaling molecule, respectively. In addition to Ca2+ signaling, STIM1 is also involved in regulation of the type I IFN (IFN-I) response. To examine their potential role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we generated ORAI1 and STIM1 knockout human HEK293–angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cells and checked their responses. STIM1 knockout cells showed strong resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a result of enhanced IFN-I response. On the contrary, ORAI1 deletion induced high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, ORAI1 knockout cells showed reduced homeostatic cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and severe impairment in tonic IFN-I signaling. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of multiple antiviral signaling pathways in ORAI1 knockout cells, likely because of reduced expression of the Ca2+-dependent transcription factors of the AP-1 family and MEF2C. Accordingly, modulation of homeostatic Ca2+ concentration by pretreatment with ORAI1 blocker or agonist could influence baseline IFNB expression and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human lung epithelial cell line. Our results identify a novel role of ORAI1-mediated Ca2+ signaling in regulating the tonic IFN-I levels, which determine host resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Malaysia Healthcare Early Response in Combatting COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Authors: Amaran Safiya , Kamaruzaman Ahmad Zulfahmi Mohd , Mohd Esa Nurul Yaqeen , Sulaiman Zaharah
Published: November 2021

The year 2020 saw the emergence of a novel coronavirus—the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2— which has led to an unprecedented pandemic that has shaken the entire world. The pandemic has been a new experience for Malaysia, especially during the implementation of large-scale public health and social measures called the Movement Control Order (MCO). This paper seeks to describe the experiences of the Malaysian healthcare system thus far in combatting the pandemic. The Malaysian healthcare system comprises two main arms: public health and medicine. The public health arm focuses on early disease detection, contact tracing, quarantines, the MCO, and risk stratification strategies in the community. The medical arm focuses on the clinical management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; it encompasses laboratory services, the devising of clinical setting adjustments, and hospital management for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Malaysia experienced intense emotions at the beginning of the pandemic, with great uncertainty regarding the pandemic’s outcome, as the world saw a frighteningly high COVID-19 mortality. As of writing (May 30, 2020), Malaysia has passed the peak of its second wave of infections. The experience thus far has helped in preparing the country’s healthcare system to be vigilant and more prepared for future COVID-19 waves. To date, the pandemic has changed many aspects of Malaysia’s life, and people are still learning to adapt to new norms in their lives.
The Impact of Preventive Interventions on Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women Resident in Hamadan City Slum Areas Using the PEN-3 Model: Control Randomized Trial Study
Authors: Rastegar Khadije Ezzati , Moeini Babak , Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan , Naghdi Asadollah , Karami Manoochehr , Jahanfar Shayesteh
Published: November 2021

Background: Intimate partner violence is a severe life-threatening criminal and public health problem affecting the well-being of individuals, families, and society. Planning interventions to reduce the burden of this persistent and criminal violence should be relevant culturally and socially.Methods: In this randomized control trial, 150 pregnant women residing in slum areas of Hamadan were randomly assigned to two groups (intervention group: n=50 and control group: n=100). Interventional strategies included educating the victims based on local cultural norms, culturally sensitive individual and group counseling, and educating health care providers. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews at baseline and again at 3 months after the intervention. We used a paired t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention by comparing changes in the outcomes measured.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Post-test scores of knowledge (7.50±2.65 vs. 5.14±3.51, P=0.001), communication skills (18.38±4.25 vs. 16.2±3.83, P=0.04), and family support and social expectation of obedience (15.79±4.45 vs. 13.40±4.57, P=0.005) of the victims were statistically significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, physical (0.74±2.28 vs. 1.20±2.60, P=0.06), psychological (2.80±4.10 vs. 4.52±5.43, P=0.06), and sexual (0.11±0.58 vs. 0.61±1.22, P=0.04) violence reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Culturally relevant interventions can reduce intimate partner violence.
Metoclopramide for Milk Production in Lactating Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hussain Nik Hazlina Nik , Noor Norhayati Mohd , Ismail Shaiful Bahari , Zainuddin Nur Amirah , Sulaiman Zaharah
Published: November 2021

Background: Breastfeeding is recognized as the optimal form of nutrition for the physical and neurological development of infants and is considered the most significant way to prevent child mortality. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of metoclopramide for enhancing milk production in lactating women.Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and MEDLINE for randomized controlled trials comparing metoclopramide with a placebo, no treatment, or other galactagogue drugs. We included breastfeeding women with term or preterm infants.Results: We retrieved 164 records from our search of the electronic databases and 20 records from other sources. Eight trials involving 342 lactating women that used metoclopramide were included in this review after assessing the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis of these trials revealed that metoclopramide did not increase the milk volume of the intervention groups compared to that of the control groups. There was a significant increase in the serum concentrations of prolactin when the mothers were administered metoclopramide. No significant adverse events were reported.Conclusion: Metoclopramide did not improve milk production in lactating women. Therefore, we do not recommend using metoclopramide to increase milk production in lactating women.
The Correlation between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Prediabetes Patients
Authors: Lee Dayoung , Park Mi-Jeong , Kim Mee Young , Cho Jung Jin , Yoon Jong Lull
Published: November 2021

Background: Prediabetes is a metabolic state between normoglycemia and diabetes and is known to carry a higher risk of developing overt diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relative and absolute risks of all-cause mortality, CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke in prediabetes patients, as well as in diabetic patients, is higher than that in patients with normoglycemia. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a method used to stratify CVD risk. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) correlates with cIMT in prediabetes patients.Methods: From January 1, 2016, to February 20, 2021, 581 adults their 30s–70s who underwent carotid ultrasonography as part of a comprehensive medical examination at the Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital were enrolled. Statistical analysis using SPSS presented t-test and chi-square test significance levels into a group with normal cIMT (nIMT; cIMT <1 mm) and a group with thick cIMT (tIMT; cIMT ≥1 mm). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the correlation between NLR and cIMT.Results: In prediabetic adults, age, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, and NLR were significantly higher in the tIMT group than in the nIMT group. In the regression analysis, NLR, age, and HbA1c were significantly correlated with cIMT.Conclusion: NLR was significantly higher in the tIMT group than in the nIMT group; therefore, NLR may be used to assess CVD risk in prediabetes patients.
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Health Care Workers: A Quick Online Survey in India
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Beniwal Kalpana , Bahurupi Yogesh , Kant Ravi , Bairwa Mukesh
Published: November 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a large number of deaths along with severe socio-economic effects. The vaccine is considered to be the last hope to control viral transmission. This study aimed to explore the determinants of health care workers’ (HCWs) willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: A structured, pre-validated, and pre-tested questionnaire was administered online to 599 HCWs including physicians, residents, and nurses from different types of healthcare set-ups across India. Information was collected regarding vaccine acceptability, attitude toward vaccination, and reasons for hesitancy. The chi-square test, followed by multinomial regression analysis, was applied to determine the factors associated with HCWs’ vaccination willingness.Results: It was found that 73 % (n=437) of HCWs were willing to accept the vaccines, while 10.85% (n=65) refused and 16.2% (n=96) needed more time to decide. Gender (P<0.001), occupation (P=0.040), working as front-line workers (P=0.008), vaccine manufacturing country preferences (P<0.001), and perceived risk of catching COVID-19 in the next 6 months (P=0.005) had a significant association with intent to receive vaccination (the response were “yes” vs. “no” and “not sure”). The reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccine safety and efficacy concerns, antivaccine attitude and beliefs, personal choice, and not wanting to take a vaccine before others.Conclusion: The majority of HCWs agreed to take COVID-19 vaccines once available. Nevertheless, providing support to manage evolving vaccine environments will help change the perception of HCWs who refuse or are reluctant to take the vaccines.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Frailty in Community-Dwelling Korean Elderly Adults in Primary Care Settings
Authors: You Hyo-Sun , Kwon Yu-Jin , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Yang-Hyun , Kim Ye-seul , Kim Yonghwan , Roh Yong-kyun , Park Byoungjin , Park Young Kyu , Park Chang-Hae , Son Joung Sik , Shin Jinyoung , Shin Hyun-Young , Oh Bumjo , Lee Jae-woo , Shim Jae Yong , Won Chang Won , Yoo Ji Won , Lee Sang-Hyun , Kang Hee-Taik , Lee Duk Chul
Published: November 2021

Aging has become a global problem, and the interest in healthy aging is growing. Healthy aging involves a focus on the maintenance of the function and well-being of elderly adults, rather than a specific disease. Thus, the management of frailty, which is an accumulated decline in function, is important for healthy aging. The adaptation method was used to develop clinical practice guidelines on frailty management that are applicable in primary care settings. The guidelines were developed in three phases: preparation (organization of committees and establishment of the scope of development), literature screening and evaluation (selection of the clinical practice guidelines to be adapted and evaluation of the guidelines using the Korean Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool), and confirmation of recommendations (three rounds of Delphi consensus and internal and external reviews). A total of 16 recommendations (five recommendations for diagnosis and assessment, 11 recommendations for intervention of frailty) were made through the guideline development process. These clinical practice guidelines provide overall guidance on the identification, evaluation, intervention, and monitoring of frailty, making them applicable in primary care settings. As aging and “healthy aging” become more and more important, these guidelines are also expected to increase in clinical usefulness.
Videofluoroscopic Study of Swallowing Disorders in Patients with Parkinsonism
Authors: Rajeev Shivani , Radhakrishnan Sureshkumar , Vidhyadharan Sivakumar , Menon Unnikrishnan , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Iyer Subramania
Published: November 2021

Background:

Dysphagia in Parkinsonism is often reported, and diagnosed, late. This can be a contributor to morbidity and mortality. Hence, a screening tool is essential as part of routine workup of these patients. The gold standard diagnostic modality for dysphagia is Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS). However, being an interventional imaging procedure, it cannot be made routine for every case.

Aim:

To study swallowing problems in patients with Parkinsonism using a screening questionnaire and to objectively observe the findings at VFSS in these patients.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen patients (nine males and six females) attending the Parkinsonism clinic over a period of 1 year, and meeting the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. After standard neurological evaluation, they were administered our screening tool, the Amrita Dysphagia Screening Questionnaire (ADSQ). Next, they underwent VFSS. The scores and findings from these were documented, and the results were tabulated.

Results:

The average Hoehn and Yahr scale and ADSQ scores were 0.488 and 0.799, respectively. Mean age was 68.9 years. In VFSS, all the patients showed features of oropharyngeal swallowing disorders characteristic of Parkinsonism. These included features of bradykinesia such as tongue pumping, smaller tongue movements and piecemeal deglutition in the oral preparatory stage of swallowing, and reduced pharyngeal constriction, premature spillage, vallecular and pyriform sinuses residue, reduced hyoid movement, prolonged transit time, delayed laryngeal closure, aspiration/penetration, and repetitive or multiple swallow in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing.

Conclusion:

The present study has documented the objective findings of swallowing disorders, especially of the oral phase, in patients with Parkinsonism. This, along with our screening tool, must be considered essential in the management protocol for this debilitating neurological condition.