bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Multi-Tiered Systems of Support in Elementary Schools: Practical Applications
Authors: Majeika Caitlyn E. , Pierce Jennifer , Smith Heather , Lembke Erica , Gandhi Allison
Published: June 2024

An integrated multi-tiered system of support (I-MTSS) framework facilitates the implementation of practices across academic, social, emotional, and behavioral wellness (SEB) areas. Integrated multi-tiered systems of support allow schools to support all students efficiently and effectively in a manner that best meets their comprehensive needs. This approach is especially critical for students with multiple or complex learning and SEB needs. Although there is great promise in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of supporting students through an I-MTSS model, there is a need to help educators understand how an integrated approach can be practically implemented. In this article, we share information on practical applications of I-MTSS that can be implemented in elementary school settings.
Integrated time-optimal rigid-body and zero-vibration shapers on a two degrees of freedom overhead crane system
Authors: Majeed Majed A , Alali Mariam , Alghanim Khalid , Alfadhli Abdulaziz
Published: June 2024

This study presents a novel control strategy for an overhead crane system controlled by a predefined acceleration function covering the whole range of the rest-to-rest maneuvers. The proposed TORB-ZV shaper is tailored to eliminate residual oscillations promptly by integrating the inherited speed of the time-optimal rigid-body (TORB) shaper and the oscillation-mitigation capabilities of the zero-vibration (ZV) shaper. During the tri-stage maneuvering process, the system employs the TORB approach during the acceleration stage and the ZV strategy during the deceleration phase. This proposed TORB-ZV scenario provides maximum motor capacity usage and eliminates vibration as the system comes to rest. A double-pendulum model has been used to assess the robustness of the system and to validate the proposed approach numerically and experimentally. The proposed solution extends from the original nonlinear equations of the system by incorporating linear motion equations under minor swing angles for the payload, followed by an exhaustive search optimization to refine the controller, striving for the most efficient performance that combines minimized maneuver time with negligible residual vibrations. The presented technique significantly reduces the maneuvering time by at least 23% compared to the ZV shaper and improves the effectiveness and safety of overhead crane operations.
Time-varying non-singular fast terminal sliding-mode control based on improved variable power–power reaching law
Authors: Chen Jiqing , Zhang Haiyan , Pan Shangtao , Lin Yizhong
Published: June 2024

A manipulator often cannot converge rapidly within finite time and has low tracking accuracy owing to factors such as manipulator model errors and external disturbances. To address these problems, this paper proposes a time-varying non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control scheme based on an improved variable power–power reaching law. First, three radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are employed to approximate the dynamic parameters of the manipulator model and thus realize model-free control. Second, to achieve faster finite-time convergence of the system state, a time-varying non-singular fast terminal sliding-mode (NFTSM) surface is designed according to the system state change. In addition, an improved variable power–power reaching law is adopted to avoid chatter and eliminate approximation errors. Finally, comparative simulation experiments are conducted using a 2-DOF manipulator as the research object. The results show that the proposed control scheme facilitates fast convergence, high-precision trajectory tracking, and effective suppression of system chatter under complex uncertainties, thereby confirming its utility and superiority.
Research on active vibration control of blade using variable-step-size filtered-x least mean square algorithm
Authors: Jiang Jinhua , Gao Zhiyuan , Zhang Hesheng , Zhu Xiaojin
Published: June 2024

The engine blade is one of the important parts of the aero engine, vibration can lead to engine blade off or fracture. Active Vibration Control (AVC) has a higher flexibility is increasingly used to suppress the vibration of the blade. The filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) algorithm is an adaptive algorithm commonly used in active vibration control, but its fixed step size has a contradiction between convergence speed and steady-state error. A new variable-step-size FxLMS (VSSFxLMS) algorithm based on hyperbolic secant function was proposed, and the sech function ensures the control signal is bounded. In the early stage, a larger step size enables the error to decrease rapidly. The step size decreases as the error decreases, and a smaller step size ensures a smaller steady-state error. Firstly, this paper summarizes three VSSFxLMS algorithms and proposes an improved algorithm; Secondly, it compares and analyses the mentioned algorithms; Then, a joint simulation platform using ADAMS and Simulink is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms; Finally, an experimental platform was built to complete the blade vibration active control experiments using several VSSFxLMS algorithms, and the results of the experiment verify the better vibration suppression effect of the proposed algorithm.
Race and ethnicity in multiple sclerosis phase 3 clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Ponzano Marta , Signori Alessio , Bellavia Andrea , Carbone Alessio , Bovis Francesca , Schiavetti Irene , Montobbio Noemi , Sormani Maria Pia
Published: June 2024

Background:

Distinctive differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been observed by race and ethnicity. We aim to (1) assess how often race and ethnicity were reported in clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, (2) evaluate whether the population was diverse enough, and (3) compare with publications.

Methods:

We included phase 3 clinical trials registered with results on ClinicalTrials.gov between 2007 and 2023. When race and/or ethnicity were reported, we searched for the corresponding publications.

Results:

Out of the 99 included studies, 56% reported race and/or ethnicity, of which only 26% of those primarily completed before 2017. Studies reporting race or ethnicity contributed to a total of 33,891 participants, mainly enrolled in Eastern Europe. Most were White (93%), and the median percentage of White participants was 93% (interquartile range (IQR) = 86%–98%), compared to 3% for Black (IQR = 1%–12%) and 0.2% for Asian (IQR = 0%–1%). Four trials omitted race and ethnicity in publications and even when information was reported, some discrepancies in terminology were identified and categories with fewer participants were often collapsed.

Conclusion:

More efforts should be done to improve transparency, accuracy, and representativeness, in publications and at a design phase, by addressing social determinants of health that historically limit the enrollment of underrepresented population.
The mechanism of high carbon economy, local tax system and urban environmental pollution: Insights from China
Authors: Sun Hui , Peng Xiaozhun , Tang Xuan , Li Zhenghui , Yuan Renmiao
Published: June 2024

The phenomenon of ‘pollution for promotion’ has been addressed in the literature from the perspective of tax competition or local protection, but the underlying institutional causes have not been thoroughly discussed. In this study, we put forward the theoretical hypothesis of ‘industrial pollution as a last resort due to reliance on commodity taxes’ and empirically tested this hypothesis using data on commodity taxes and industrial pollution in prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2019. Our findings indicate that a 1% increase in the share of GST (Goods and Services Tax) is associated with a significant average increase of approximately 0.51% in industrial pollution. The primary channels through which GST affects industrial pollution include the expansion of production scale amongst heavy polluters, reduced environmental requirements for large taxpayers and increased land development. Commodity tax dependence creates a barrier for local governments to adopt more sustainable economic development models, leading to increased industrial pollution. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the institutional barriers during China’s economic transformation, shed light on the responses of firms and governments within existing institutional frameworks, and provide policy insights for transitioning towards high-quality economic development.
The Efficacy of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy in Hip Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Perez Olivia F. , Warburton Christopher , Philippon Marc C. , Philippon Marc J. , Best Thomas M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease with various treatment approaches. Biological agents, such as bone-marrow derived stem cells (BM-MSC) therapy, have recently been proposed as a treatment option in the management of HOA.

Purpose:

We sought to further analyze the use of BM-MSC therapy by investigating the following questions. What is the standard preparation and practice? Does a dose response exist between stem cell therapy and clinical outcome? Does BM-MSC therapy alone produce effective clinical outcomes?

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review using the Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science Core Collection was performed in June 2023 of studies using exclusively BM-MSC injections for the treatment of HOA. Study characteristic, injection preparation and dosage, clinical outcome measures, and adverse effect data were extracted and interpreted by 3 reviewers.

Results:

Seven studies with a total of 72 patients met the inclusion criteria. Clinical outcome following intra-articular injection of BM-MSCs was measured using the numerical pain scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the visual analogue scale, and other scores, all of which showed reduction in pain and increase in functional ability across studies.

Conclusions:

This scoping review found that the efficacy of BM-MSC therapy alone in the treatment of HOA appeared beneficial, improving clinical outcomes in each study. All 7 studies used “low-dose” injections with variable follow-up times; thus, a clear dose–response relationship cannot be drawn. Future studies using high doses and analyzing long-term effects of BM-MSC injections in HOA are needed.
Colour dynamics and compatibility: A comparative analysis of reactive dyes on ramie and cotton fabrics
Authors: Rahman Md. Moshiur , Howlader Md Imran , Mofasser A Z M , Sayed Nadim Ibn , Shuva Imon Biswas , Mia Rony , Habila Mohamed A. , Hossain M. Khalid , Shen Zhiqing
Published: June 2024

In this study, cotton and ramie knitted fabrics were dyed with reactive red 195, yellow 145 and blue 194 dyes and subsequent analyses were done. An exhaust method without alkali was followed and subsequently, spectrophotometric analysis was conducted to measure the values of substantivity% (S) of the dyes in both ramie and cotton knitted fabric dyeing. Solutions were prepared to measure the exhaustion% (E), fixation% (F) and reactivity% (R) of those dyes in cotton and ramie fabric dyeing using another exhaust method that comprises exhaustion, fixation (addition of alkali) and wash-off (treating with soaping agent) stages sequentially. Dye compatibility, colour strength (K/S), colour uniformity and colour fastness to washing and rubbing were assessed from the dyed cotton and ramie samples. All of these values were higher while dyeing cotton fabric samples. The average proportion of dye (%) of yellow, red and blue were 35.68%, 32.95% and 31.36% respectively for dyed ramie fabrics and in case of dyed cotton fabrics, the average proportion of dye (%) of yellow, red and blue were 41.45%, 33.22% and 25.33% respectively. Average K/S values of ramie and cotton were found 5.736 and 6.674 respectively and the colour uniformity was better for dyed cotton fabrics. Both cotton and ramie fabrics showed good to excellent results in terms of colour fastness to washing and rubbing. However, dyed ramie fabrics showed slightly inferior properties in case of staining to nylon-6, 6 and wet rubbing fastness. This research demonstrates the feasibility of dyeing both ramie and cotton with reactive red 195, yellow 145 and blue 194 in a union dyeing method.
Utilize OCB-C-Driven Learning Mechanism to Empower Employees as Good Citizens: Perspective of Trial-and-Error Learning Theory
Authors: Wang Yao-Chin , Xu Shi (Tracy) , Ma Emily , Xu Fengzeng
Published: June 2024

Based on trial-and-error learning theory, this study proposes an OCB-C (Organizational Citizenship Behavior toward customers)-driven social learning mechanism for the formation of other two types of OCB (OCB-O toward organizations and OCB-I toward coworkers). In this process, we propose that each of the employee empowerment factors play vital trial-and-error opportunities for employees to perform OCB-C, offering employees chances to learn from errors and gain positive affect. A total of 422 respondents were collected from employees at upscale hotels. We found that two empowerment factors (i.e., work competency and employee impact) supported OCB-C. Engaging in OCB-C not only led to the increase of learning from errors and positive affect, but also the increase of OCB-O and OCB-I. In addition, while learning from errors assisted employees to exercise OCB-O and OCB-I, positive affect helped employees to contribute OCB-O.
Topical Application of 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma and Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Revercomb Lucy , Patel Aman M. , Filimonov Ivan , Lerner David , Filimonov Andrey
Published: June 2024

Background

Sinonasal tumors represent a rare and heterogeneous group of rhinologic neoplasms. Even with advancements in surgical approaches, mortality rates of patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) have not significantly improved and persistently high rates of recurrence in certain patients with inverted papilloma (IP) are seen. The use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been successfully described as an adjuvant treatment of SNAC and in the prevention of IP recurrence.

Objective

This review aims to present the current evidence on the management of SNAC and IP with topical 5-FU.

Methods

A three-author independent literature review was conducted to identify research involving the use of topical 5-FU for the treatment of SNAC and IP. A total of nine papers on the treatment of SNAC and IP were collected.

Results

The earliest study looking at the combination of adjuvant low-dose radiation and topical 5-FU for adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus showed a 5-year survival rate of 100%. A follow-up study evaluating a similar protocol reported adjusted disease-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 years of 96%, 87%, and 74%, respectively. Similar results have been demonstrated for adjuvant 5-FU use following endoscopic resection and have even been described in the novel setting of transcutaneous 5-FU delivery following frontal trephination. Topical 5-FU has also been described in the treatment of aggressive IP. The largest case series described the use of 5-FU for eighteen cases and demonstrated only a single recurrence.

Conclusion

The use of topical 5-FU currently represents an underutilized therapeutic modality within the treatment of rhinologic neoplasms. Available literature suggests that neoadjuvant use of topical 5-FU can improve survival and decrease recurrence for SNAC and IP. However, the small sample sizes prevent advocation for routine use in the general population and further research on 5-FU is necessary.
When data breach hits a psychotherapy clinic: The Vastaamo case
Authors: Ghanbari Hadi , Koskinen Kari
Published: June 2024

This teaching case demonstrates the crucial role of information security and data protection in the digital era. To this end, we first discuss the importance of data protection and information security as essential business capabilities for modern organisations. We argue that approaching information security from a business model perspective, instead of a purely technical perspective, enables companies to better understand the value of data protection for ensuring business continuity and long-lasting business relationships with customers and partners. To support this viewpoint, we draw on the biggest data breach in the history of Finland that affected over 33,000 patients of Vastaamo Psychotherapy Centre. While the breach led to Vastaamo’s bankruptcy and financial and legal consequences for several stakeholders, the significance of the breach lies in its societal impact. The breadth and cruelty of the breach caused outrage across the country and led to raising consumer and industry awareness of cybersecurity. As such, this teaching case enables the audience to better understand the consequences of information security incidents on firms and their stakeholders.
The effect of functional electrical stimulation of the legs on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Rui , Chen Jun , Wang Yimin , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Functional electrical stimulation is important for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation versus conventional exercise training or placebo in patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods:

Studies were searched through PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases up to 1 November 2023. The outcomes were cardiopulmonary function index (6-minute walking distance), peak oxygen consumption, and Minnesota Heart Failure Life Questionnaire quality of life scores. A subgroup analysis was conducted according to the ejection fraction. The 95% confidence interval and mean difference represented the outcome of the effect size.

Results:

Seventeen studies involving 732 participants were included. Compared with the control, functional electrical stimulation significantly improved peak oxygen consumption (MD = 2.84 ml/kg/min, 95% Cl: 1.99–3.68 ml/kg/min), increased 6-minute walking distance (MD = 49.52 m, 95% Cl: 22.61–76.43 m), and improved the life quality scores (MD = −12.86, 95% Cl: −17.48 to −7.88). Compared with functional electrical stimulation, exercise training also improved peak oxygen consumption (MD = −0.94 ml/kg/min−1, 95% Cl: −1.36 to −0.52 ml/kg/min), and the quality of life (QoL, MD = 0.66, 95% Cl: 0.34–0.98, p < 0.05, I2 = 38%), but the result of 6-minute walking distance (MD = −6.97 m, 95% Cl: −18.32 to −4.38 m) did not show a difference. Further subgroup analysis showed that outcomes including the above, significantly improved under the functional electrical stimulationfor both HF patients with reduced ejection fraction and HF patients with preserved ejection fraction patients, but difference is insignificant of the results between groups of aerobic exercise and functional electrical stimulationacted on patients with HF patients with reduced ejection fraction.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that compared with placebo, functional electrical stimulation benefits the patients with chronic heart failure on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life. Furthermore, HF patients with reduced ejection fraction patients benefit more from functional electrical stimulation than HF patients with reduced ejection fraction patients. Therefore, functional electrical stimulation is a promising complementary therapy for patients with chronic heart failure.
Shockvertising: Trajectory of a controversial advertising technique
Authors: Bui-Nguyen Thao , Canu Roland
Published: June 2024

This article aims to look back at a controversial advertising technique recognized today as an ordinary advertising tool: shockvertising. Using a historical approach, we have built an analytical corpus that covers more than a century of research published in Marketing and advertising on the use of shock. A qualitative examination of this corpus has enabled us to sketch an institutional trajectory for shockvertising, dividing its evolution into several periods. We can thus observe the gradual acceptance of a technique initially condemned by the first advertising professionals, then the segmentation of this technique and its gradual assignment to specific marketing territories, and finally, the questioning of its effectiveness and criticism of its acceptability by new consumer figures anxious to defend and express specific social values. This review provides an overview of current knowledge and opens up new research perspectives on the theme of shockvertising.
Exploring how the design and provision of digital self-management technology can improve the uptake by older adults with chronic kidney disease, diabetes and dementia: A modified e-Delphi study
Authors: Moody Louise , Wood Esme , Needham Abigail , Booth Andrew , Tindale Wendy
Published: June 2024

Objectives: As development and introduction of digital self-management technologies continues to increase, the gap between those who can benefit, and those who cannot correspondingly widens. This research aimed to explore the use of digital self-management technology by older adults with three highly-prevalent long-term conditions (chronic kidney disease, diabetes and dementia), and build expert consensus across the conditions on changes needed to improve effective usage. Method: This qualitative research involved a modified e-Delphi Study. The Delphi panel was comprised of experts with personal, academic or clinical expertise related to one of the long-term conditions and/or the development and use of digital self-management technology. The e-Delphi involved a round of online semi-structured interviews followed by two rounds of a structured online survey. Results: Fourteen experts participated in the study, with eleven of the fourteen completing all three rounds. Analysis of the interviews (round 1 of the Delphi) led to 7 main themes and 29 sub-themes. These were translated into 26 statements that formed the basis of the online survey questions. In the first administration of the survey (round 2) 19 statements reached consensus. After the second administration a further 6 statements reach consensus. Conclusion: The findings reflect expert consensus on barriers to the use of digital self-management by older adults with 3 different, but inter-related conditions, and identify ways in which the design and provision of such technologies could be improved to facilitate more effective use. It is concluded that both the design and the provision of technologies should consider a combination of individual, condition-specific and age-related requirements. By building a consensus on issues and potential strategies common across the three conditions, we aim to inform future research and practice and facilitate effective self-management by older adults.
The Impact of Sarcopenia on the Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty in Patients With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Shan , Zhong Dian , Zhao Guosheng , Liu Yang , Ke Zhenyong , Wang Yang
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with single-segment OVCF who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) between September 2021 and August 2022. Patients were categorized into a sarcopenia group (43 patients) and a non-sarcopenia group (125 patients) based on their Advanced Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI). Clinical and radiological data were collected and analyzed.

Results: There were no significant differences between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups in age, sex, bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), fractured segment, fracture type, surgical approach, bone cement volume, bone cement distribution, comorbidities, preoperative and immediate postoperative VAS and ODI scores ( P > .05). However, the time to ambulation, hospital stays, VAS and ODI scores at follow-up, excellent/good rate, and the incidence of residual pain and re-fractures in the non-sarcopenia group were significantly better than those in the sarcopenia group ( P < .05). Meanwhile, radiological outcomes, including regional kyphosis and vertebral height loss rate, were significantly better in the non-sarcopenia group than in the sarcopenia group at 6 and 12 month follow-ups ( P < .05).

Conclusion: Clinical outcomes after PKP in patients with OVCF could be negatively affected by sarcopenia. Therefore, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia should be actively considered in the management of patients with OVCF.
An Empirical Study of Factors Contributing to Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students of Higher Education Institutes
Authors: Sharma Smita , Khandelwal Nishant Kumar , Mehta Anil
Published: June 2024

Entrepreneurship has been identified as a major domain that is playing a role in accelerating employment levels in the country. The Indian government, in general, is promoting entrepreneurial culture by bringing in mechanisms to create a strong ecosystem for start-ups. Higher education institutes in India have also focused on integrating entrepreneurship education at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels in various degree programmes; business administration is a major among them. Hence, it becomes important and useful to identify whether students carry or develop such entrepreneurial intention and what factors contribute to the formation of such intention. The present study empirically investigated students’ entrepreneurial intentions in two prominent higher education institutes in India. It studied various factors, including personality and motivational factors, and the study of entrepreneurship courses responsible for developing entrepreneurial competencies among students. It further investigated their correlation with the entrepreneurial intentions of students. The independent variables studied included entrepreneurial competency measured through innovativeness, risk-taking propensity, social astuteness, self-concept, locus of control, the study of entrepreneurship and the need for achievement. The study revealed a moderate correlation between innovativeness and entrepreneurial competency (0.513) and self-concept and entrepreneurial competency (0.610). The study of entrepreneurship courses was correlated with innovativeness (0.434), self-concept (0.570), need for achievement (0.478) and entrepreneurial competency (0.515). The study reinforces the effect of some personality factors on entrepreneurial competency and recommends that the provision of entrepreneurship courses at the institutional level likely positively impacts entrepreneurial competency, influencing students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Further, the qualitative analysis revealed several other motivational factors as perceived by the respondents, which mainly included money, autonomy, self-concept and meaningful work.
Swimming in the pools’ landscape: A canonical analysis of socioeconomic disparities, suburbanization models, and sustainable development in Mediterranean Europe
Authors: Escriva Saneugenio Francisco , Alhussen Ahmed , Marucci Alvaro , Salvati Luca , Alaimo Leonardo Salvatore , Vardopoulos Ioannis
Published: June 2024

The sudden increase of residential swimming pools in fringe landscapes is reflective of urban sprawl and depends on intricate processes of social stratification and economic diversification. They are considered a dominant feature of low-density settlements expanding into rural areas. To achieve a better understanding of the spatial distribution of swimming pools in the context of varying mechanisms of wealth accumulation and income polarizations, a comparative analysis was conducted in three metropolitan regions of Southern Europe, specifically Barcelona (Spain), Rome (Italy), and Athens (Greece). The unique characteristics of the local context in each city were intended as a multivariate predictor of urban diversity and regional heterogeneity in the socio-spatial evolution of human settlements. To achieve this, a Canonical Correlation Analysis was run on five dependent variables (left set) that illustrate the spatial distribution of swimming pools and 50 indicators (right set) that characterize the socioeconomic context and the conditions leading to sustainable (local) development. The empirical results of this analysis delineate a consistent association between swimming pools and urban sprawl, regardless of the specific region/country under investigation. The spatial distribution and density of swimming pools also reflect the distinct local dynamics that underlie recent metropolitan growth, with implications for sustainable development on a broader scale. Due to the spatially varying economic foundations and socio-demographic circumstances, the distribution of swimming pools in Southern Europe reflects unique patterns of suburbanization. These patterns imply different forms of social diversification and economic polarization which, in turn, shape fringe landscapes, ranging from the micro-geography of neighbourhoods to the macro-scale of metropolitan regions.
Distraction Osteogenesis and Endoscopic Suturectomy in the Treatment of Rachitic Craniosynostosis: A Case Series and Updated Literature Review With Discussion of Cephalometrics
Authors: Davidson Amelia L. , Grosser Joshua A. , Kogan Samuel , Blondin Mario , Layton Ryan G. , Couture Daniel E. , Runyan Christopher M.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Individuals with genetic or nutritional rickets frequently suffer from craniosynostosis. While cranial vault remodeling is most often performed, other approaches, such as distraction osteogenesis and endoscopic suturectomy, are infrequently reported. Here, we discuss the status of the current literature and describe 2 patients with rachitic craniosynostosis, one of whom had previously undergone endoscopic suturectomy, who both successfully underwent distraction osteogenesis.

Case description:

Two male patients with rickets-associated craniosynostosis, 1 genetic and 1 nutritional, underwent posterior-vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO). The patient with genetic rickets previously underwent endoscopic-assisted cranial suturectomy of the sagittal suture with barrel-staving at an outside hospital and subsequently re-fused all cranial sutures 19 months postoperatively necessitating reintervention. Complete distraction was confirmed by X-ray and both patients recovered without complication and without re-synostosis at 18 month follow-up. The patient with nutritional rickets required subsequent fronto-facial advancement because of poor midface growth.

Conclusion:

PVDO effectively treats rachitic craniosynostosis associated with both genetic and nutritional etiologies. Long-term follow up is warranted to monitor for skull-base involvement and associated midface retrusion in these patients.
The Four Coordination Roles of Clients When Designing Megaproject Organizations
Authors: Zani Carolina Melecardi , Denicol Juliano , Broyd Tim
Published: June 2024

Organizational design is composed of structure, the artifact, and coordination, the action. Existing organizational design literature lacks coherence, resulting in models that overlook the importance of coordination as an organizational design issue, which intensifies in megaprojects. We explore the roles of clients when designing megaproject organizations, identifying four coordination roles: (1) meta-organizer, (2) gatekeeper, (3) interface manager, and (4) mediator. These roles align with management levels (strategic, tactical, operational), corresponding to megaproject phases and organizational design development. The conceptual framework contributes to the organizational design literature by providing a systems-wide view and enriching the understanding of the multilevel coordination roles of clients.
The analysis of the skeletal muscle metabolism is crucial for designing optimal exercise paradigms in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abi Akar Elias , Weill Laure , El Khoury Mirella , Caradeuc Cédric , Bertho Gildas , Boutary Suzan , Bezier Cynthia , Clerc Zoé , Sapaly Delphine , Bendris Sabrina , Cheguillaume Flore , Giraud Nicolas , Eid Assaad A. , Charbonnier Frédéric , Biondi Olivier
Published: June 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that commonly results from a high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, leading to insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis perturbation. Physical activity is recommended as one first-line treatment in T2DM, but it leads to contrasted results. We hypothesized that, instead of applying standard exercise protocols, the prescription of personalized exercise programs specifically designed to reverse the potential metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle could result in better results.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, we drew the metabolic signature of the fast-twitch quadriceps muscle, based on a combined unbiased NMR spectroscopy and RT-qPCR study, in several T2DM mouse models of different genetic background (129S1/SvImJ, C57Bl/6J), sex and aetiology (high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD/Streptozotocin (STZ) induction or transgenic MKR (FVB-Tg Ckm-IGF1R*K1003R)1Dlr/J) mice. Three selected mouse models with unique muscular metabolic signatures were submitted to three different swimming-based programs, designed to address each metabolic specificity.

Results

We found that depending on the genetic background, the sex, and the mode of T2DM induction, specific muscular adaptations occurred, including depressed glycolysis associated with elevated PDK4 expression, shift to β-oxidation, or deregulation of amino-acid homeostasis. Interestingly, dedicated swimming-based exercises designed to restore specific metabolic alterations in muscle were found optimal in improving systemic T2DM hallmarks, including a significant reduction in insulin resistance, the improvement of glucose homeostasis, and a delay in sensorimotor function alterations.

Conclusion

The muscle metabolism constitutes an important clue for the design of precision exercises with potential clinical implications for T2DM patients.
Severity of rotator cuff disorders and additional load affect fluoroscopy-based shoulder kinematics during arm abduction
Authors: Croci Eleonora , Hess Hanspeter , Genter Jeremy , Baum Cornelia , Kovacs Balazs Krisztian , Nüesch Corina , Baumgartner Daniel , Gerber Kate , Müller Andreas Marc , Mündermann Annegret
Published: June 2024

Background

Rotator cuff disorders, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, may result in abnormal shoulder kinematics (scapular rotation and glenohumeral translation). This study aimed to investigate the effect of rotator cuff tears on in vivo shoulder kinematics during a 30° loaded abduction test using single-plane fluoroscopy.

Materials and methods

In total, 25 younger controls, 25 older controls and 25 patients with unilateral symptomatic rotator cuff tears participated in this study. Both shoulders of each participant were analysed and grouped on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging into healthy, rotator cuff tendinopathy, asymptomatic and symptomatic rotator cuff tears. All participants performed a bilateral 30° arm abduction and adduction movement in the scapular plane with handheld weights (0, 2 and 4 kg) during fluoroscopy acquisition. The range of upward–downward scapular rotation and superior–inferior glenohumeral translation were measured and analysed during abduction and adduction using a linear mixed model (loads, shoulder types) with random effects (shoulder ID).

Results

Scapular rotation was greater in shoulders with rotator cuff tendinopathy and asymptomatic rotator cuff tears than in healthy shoulders. Additional load increased upward during abduction and downward during adduction scapular rotation (P < 0.001 in all groups but rotator cuff tendinopathy). In healthy shoulders, upward scapular rotation during 30° abduction increased from 2.3° with 0-kg load to 4.1° with 4-kg load and on shoulders with symptomatic rotator cuff tears from 3.6° with 0-kg load to 6.5° with 4-kg load. Glenohumeral translation was influenced by the handheld weights only in shoulders with rotator cuff tendinopathy (P ≤ 0.020). Overall, superior glenohumeral translation during 30° abduction was approximately 1.0 mm with all loads.

Conclusions

The results of glenohumeral translation comparable to control but greater scapular rotations during 30° abduction in the scapular plane in rotator cuff tears indicate that the scapula compensates for rotator cuff deficiency by rotating. Further analysis of load-dependent joint stability is needed to better understand glenohumeral and scapula motion.

Level of evidence: Level 2.

Trial registration: Ethical approval was obtained from the regional ethics committee (Ethics Committee Northwest Switzerland EKNZ 2021-00182), and the study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov on 29 March 2021 (trial registration number NCT04819724, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04819724).
Elevated level of multibranched complex glycan reveals an allergic tolerance status
Authors: Zhao Ran , Wang Chao , Li Feidie , Zeng Zeyu , Hu Yijing , Dong Xiaoyan
Published: June 2024

Background

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying therapy that can achieve immune tolerance in patients through long-term allergen stimulation. Glycans play crucial roles in allergic disease, but no information on changes in glycosylation related to an allergic tolerance status has been reported.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients with house dust mite (HDM) allergies were enrolled. Twenty-eight patients were not treated with AIT, 19 patients had just entered the AIT maintenance treatment phase, and 10 patients had been in the AIT maintenance phase for more than 1 year. Serum protein N-glycans were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which included linkage-specific sialylation information.

Results

Eighty-four N-glycans were identified in all three groups. Compared with the patients treated without AIT, the patients treated with AIT for a shorter time showed downregulated expression of high-mannose glycans and upregulated expression of α2,6 sialic acid. The patients treated with AIT in the maintenance phase for over 1 year, which was considered the start of immunological tolerance, showed downregulated expression of biantennary N-glycans and upregulated expression of multibranched and complex N-glycans. Nine N-glycans were changed between allergic and allergic-tolerant patients.

Conclusions

The glycan form changed from mannose to a more complex type as treatment time increased, and multibranched complex glycans have the potential to be used as a monitoring indicator of immune tolerance. This serum N-glycome analysis provided important information for a deeper understanding of AIT treatment at the molecular level.
Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes from four species in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis
Authors: Li Buyu , Huang Ke , Chen Xiaoli , Qin Chun , Zhang Xuemei
Published: June 2024

The Quercus L. species is widely recognized as a significant group in the broad-leaved evergreen forests of tropical and subtropical East Asia. These plants hold immense economic value for their use as firewood, furniture, and street trees. However, the identification of Quercus species is considered challenging, and the relationships between these species remain unclear. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the chloroplast (cp.) genomes of four Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis species (Quercus disciformis, Quercus dinghuensis, Quercus blackei, and Quercus hui). Additionally, we retrieved six published cp. genome sequences of Cyclobalanopsis species (Quercus fleuryi, Quercus pachyloma, Quercus ningangensis, Quercus litseoides, Quercus gilva, and Quercus myrsinifolia). Our aim was to perform comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses of the cp. whole genome sequences of ten Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis species. The results revealed that: (1) Quercus species exhibit a typical tetrad structure, with the cp. genome lengths of the newly sequenced species (Q. disciformis, Q. dinghuensis, Q. blakei, and Q. hui) being 160,805 bp, 160,801 bp, 160,787 bp, and 160,806 bp, respectively; (2) 469 SSRs were detected, among which A/T base repeats were the most common; (3) no rearrangements or inversions were detected within the chloroplast genomes. Genes with high nucleotide polymorphism, such as rps14-psaB, ndhJ-ndhK, rbcL-accD, and rps19-rpl2_2, provided potential reference loci for molecular identification within the Cyclobalanopsis section; (4) phylogenetic analysis showed that the four sections of Cyclobalanopsis were grouped into sister taxa, with Q. hui being the first to diverge from the evolutionary branch and Q. disciformis being the most closely related to Q. blackei. The results of this study form the basis for future studies on taxonomy and phylogenetics.
Exploration of the pearl millet phospholipase gene family to identify potential candidates for grain quality traits
Authors: Moin Mazahar , Bommineni Pradeep Reddy , Tyagi Wricha
Published: June 2024

Background

Phospholipases constitute a diverse category of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of phospholipids. Their involvement in signal transduction with a pivotal role in plant development and stress responses is well documented.

Results

In the present investigation, a thorough genome-wide analysis revealed that the pearl millet genome contains at least 44 phospholipase genes distributed across its 7 chromosomes, with chromosome one harbouring the highest number of these genes. The synteny analysis suggested a close genetic relationship of pearl millet phospholipases with that of foxtail millet and sorghum. All identified genes were examined to unravel their gene structures, protein attributes, cis-regulatory elements, and expression patterns in two pearl millet genotypes contrasting for rancidity. All the phospholipases have a high alpha-helix content and distorted regions within the predicted secondary structures. Moreover, many of these enzymes possess binding sites for both metal and non-metal ligands. Additionally, the putative promoter regions associated with these genes exhibit multiple copies of cis-elements specifically responsive to biotic and abiotic stress factors and signaling molecules. The transcriptional profiling of 44 phospholipase genes in two genotypes contrasting for rancidity across six key tissues during pearl millet growth revealed a predominant expression in grains, followed by seed coat and endosperm. Specifically, the genes PgPLD-alpha1-1, PgPLD-alpha1-5, PgPLD-delta1-7a, PgPLA1-II-1a, and PgPLD-delta1-2a exhibited notable expression in grains of both the genotypes while showing negligible expression in the other five tissues. The sequence alignment of putative promoters revealed several variations including SNPs and InDels. These variations resulted in modifications to the corresponding cis-acting elements, forming distinct transcription factor binding sites suggesting the transcriptional-level regulation for these five genes in pearl millet.

Conclusions

The current study utilized a genome-wide computational analysis to characterize the phospholipase gene family in pearl millet. A comprehensive expression profile of 44 phospholipases led to the identification of five grain-specific candidates. This underscores a potential role for at least these five genes in grain quality traits including the regulation of rancidity in pearl millet. Therefore, this study marks the first exploration highlighting the possible impact of phospholipases towards enhancing agronomic traits in pearl millet.
Composition and diversity of soil microbial communities change by introducing Phallus impudicus into a Gastrodia elata Bl.-based soil
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Xu Jiao , Yuan Qingsong , Guo Lanping , Zheng Gang , Xiao Chenghong , Yang Changgui , Jiang Weike , Zhou Tao
Published: June 2024

Background

The Gastrodia elata Bl. is an orchid, and its growth demands the presence of Armillaria species. The strong competitiveness of Armillaria species has always been a concern of major threat to other soil organisms, thus disrupting the equilibrium of soil biodiversity. Introducing other species to where G. elata was cultivated, could possibly alleviate the problems associated with the disequilibrium of soil microenvironment; however, their impacts on the soil microbial communities and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To reveal the changes of microbial groups associated with soil chemical properties responding to different cultivation species, the chemical property measurements coupled with the next-generation pyrosequencing analyses were applied with soil samples collected from fallow land, cultivation of G. elata and Phallus impudicus, respectively.

Results

The cultivation of G. elata induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in soil pH and NO3-N content compared with fallow land, whereas subsequent cultivation of P. impudicus reversed these G. elata-induced increases and was also found to significantly increase (p < 0.05) the content of soil NH4+-N and AP. The alpha diversities of soil microbial communities were significantly increased (p < 0.01) by cultivation of G. elata and P. impudicus as indicated with Chao1 estimator and Shannon index. The structure and composition of soil microbial communities differed responding to different cultivation species. In particular, the relative abundances of Bacillus, norank_o_Gaiellales, Mortierella and unclassified_k_Fungi were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the abundances of potentially beneficial genera such as Acidibacter, Acidothermus, Cryptococcus, and Penicillium etc., were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by cultivation of G. elata. It’s interesting to find that cultivation of P. impudicus increased the abundances of these genera that G. elata decreased before, which contributed to the difference of composition and structure. The results of CCA and heatmap indicated that the changes of soil microbial communities had strong correlations with soil nutrients. Specifically, among 28 genera presented, 50% and 42.9% demonstrated significant correlations with soil pH and NO3-N in response to cultivation of G. elata and P. impudicus.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that the cultivation of P. impudicus might have potential benefits as result of affecting soil microorganisms coupled with changes in soil nutrient profile.