bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental technology and traditional knowledge as a way to preserve the water resources of the Pataxó in the Jaqueira Village in Porto Seguro (BA)
Authors: Almeida Cunha Ricardo , Rabbani Roberto , Rabbani Allívia , Mathlouthi Rahma , Leite André , Nascimento Leonardo
Published: April 2024

Even with all the advances in environmental sciences, traditional knowledge cannot be neglected, therefore, traditional populations deserve and must be consulted when it comes to protecting the natural elements of a landscape. Biodiversity is treated differently between capitalist society and traditional societies. The difference is that traditional people have respect for nature and everything it represents in their lives. In this way, indigenous communities are extremely important for the study of environmental conservation. The research we are developing, which gave rise to this article, aims to contribute to the analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics of the water of the Itinga River, transferring technology through citizen science, so that the Pataxó People can monitor the river through the continuity of its historical cultural relationship, adding technology to its advantage. The text shows the need and possibility of building bridges between scientific knowledge and the traditional knowledge of the Pataxó People in Porto Seguro/BA. We believe in technology transfer as part of citizenship.
Reasons for adolescents seeking primary health services
Authors: Arruda Mariana de Fátima Alves , Escobar Amanda de Morais Pinto Ribeiro , Xavier Laís Navarro , Ferreira Beatriz Cintra , Souza Maria Clara de , Sobrinho José Eudes Lorena
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the main reasons that lead adolescents to access Primary Health Care Services (PHC) in a Sanitary District (DS) of Recife, Pernambuco. Method: As for the research design, it presents a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach, through semi-structured interviews, carried out from June to August 2022. 25 adolescents between 10 to 19 years old participated in the study, who are part of the adscribed population of these services. To analyze the data, Bardin content analysis was used. Results: Structure the results, the following topics were listed in the categories: geographical access, immunization, qualified listening and gateway to the health service. In this context, the need for the implementation of strategies to expand adolescent access to APS was identified, either through the Health at School Program or by strengthening the multiprofessional team and encouraging health care culture since childhood. Conclusion: The aforementioned aspects corroborate the reorientation of the biomedical model, so that promotion and prevention actions have greater evidence.
Survival analysis of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of field hospitals in the Federal District - Brazil during the COVID 19 pandemic using Kaplan Meier curves.
Authors: Araújo Branquinho André Luiz , Branquinho Paula Lazzari , Dos Santos Ananésia Correa , De Carvalho Luiz Sérgio Fernandes , Soares Alexandre Anderson de Sousa Munhoz
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most impactful public health emergencies the world has ever seen. A classic epidemiological analysis tool that can be used is the Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival model, which calculates the probability of survival for a group of patients. This study aims to describe the Estimated Survival of patients admitted to the ICUs of Field Hospitals in the Federal District during the COVID 19 Pandemic. Methodology: It is a non-concurrent cohort study of patients with COVID-19 consecutively admitted to the ICUs of field hospitals. The variables collected upon admission to the ICU were evaluated using KM curves and the non-parametric log-rank test. Results: For all patients admitted to the ICUs of field hospitals, the median length of stay was 10 days. Patients have a 94.95%, 58.45% and 19.92% probability of surviving 1 day, 10 days and 30 days of hospitalization respectively. Conclusion: The Kaplan-Meier curve is a strategic tool, it provides a clear view of how long the healthcare system needs to treat a person.
Factor associated with an increased rate of HBV infection in healthcare professionals
Authors: Ramires Júlia Tirloni , Capel Ligia Maria Molinari
Published: April 2024

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through accidents with sharps and in the case of infection, it can increase the chances of the infected professional developing diseases such as carcinomas, cirrhosis and even leading to death. It is essential that healthcare professionals have knowledge about the means of disease transmission and understanding of accidents. The objectives of the study were to understand the factors related to the increase in HBV infection in healthcare professionals, describe the profile of accidents with biological materials in healthcare professionals, present the knowledge of healthcare professionals in relation to hepatitis B and describe the biosafety measures adopted by health professionals in relation to HBV. This was an integrative review. A search for scientific articles was carried out in indexed databases, following exclusion and inclusion criteria, using the PRISMA flowchart. 15 articles were evaluated that demonstrated low vaccination coverage, inadequate use of personal protective equipment and lack of knowledge about the infection, making it essential to monitor biosafety measures to guarantee a safe work environment
Recife park city: the role of the Recife local climate action plan and the Pernambuco decarbonization plan
Authors: Rosa Ranielle Vital , Alves José Luiz , Bertotti José Antônio Bertotti Junior , Milhomem Thiara Lustosa Milhomem , Lins Matheus José Nicolau de Oliveira Lins , Bertotti Giulia de Andrade Lima Bertotti
Published: April 2024

This article explores the convergence between Recife and Pernambuco's climate plans and the "Recife Park City" vision. The objectives include the analysis of the goals of the Recife Local Climate Action Plan, the investigation of the guidelines of the Pernambuco Decarbonization Plan in relation to the urban context of Recife and the evaluation of the initiatives of the Recife Park City Project in accordance with local climate objectives and regional. The methodology of the research will be bibliographical review, together with documentary analysis of these plans. We address the intersection between urban sustainability, climate resilience and development, providing valuable insights to promote more sustainable urban practices, respecting the specific environmental and social characteristics of the region. Understanding these strategies is crucial to guide public policies and urban practices towards a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future. According to research, climate plans reflect a comprehensive commitment to sustainable urban development, highlighting the importance of social inclusion, active mobility, cultural identity and environmental conservation to ensure a resilient and equitable future.
Impacts of climate change on the natural distribution of species of lowland high and low in the Amazon
Authors: Souza Diulio Andrew Torres de , Lima Alexandra Amaro de , Wrege Marcos Silveira , Aguiar Ananda Virginia de , Bezerra Caroline de Souza , Meneses Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadêlha , Lopes Ricardo , Ramos Santiago Linorio Ferreyra , Paranatinga Iasmin Laís Damasceno , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: April 2024

The areas of Amazonian floodplains have added ecological value to their multiple ecosystem services, including water supply, local climate regulation, biodiversity with a marked number of endemic species, and diversity of micro-habitat. Considering the importance of conserving these environments, this study aimed to analyze the behavior and delimit the areas of the natural distribution of forest species Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) A. Juss and Laetia corymbulosa(lowland low), Maquira coriacea (H.Karst.) C.C. Berg (Moraceae), and Ocotea cymbarumKunth (high floodplain), besides evaluating the potential impacts of climate change on the future distribution inferring on its conservation. The potential species distribution was modeled using Environmental Modelling & Software, by employing algorithms such as Bioclim, Domain, Maximum Entropy, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The projections indicate that climate change threatens the occurrence of floodplain species. Under the SSP 585 scenario for both periods, the four species studied will lose areas of climatic adequacy until the end of the 21st century, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The study shows the need to increase socio-environmental responsibility through conserving current protected areas in freshwater ecosystems and implementing new priority areas for conserving wetlands (Ramsar Sites) in the Amazon. Such measures are essential to ensure in situ conservation and protect them from habitat loss.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Kidney Transplant Recipients – A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Freitas Joana , Silvano José , Ribeiro Catarina , Malheiro Jorge , Pedroso Sofia , Almeida Manuela , Fonseca Isabel , Martins La Salete
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: A incidência de diabetes pós-transplante e o aumento do risco cardiovascular entre os receptores de transplante estão em ascensão. Os agonistas do receptor de peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon têm o potencial de mitigar os efeitos dos medicamentos imunossupressores, abordando tanto a hiperglicemia quanto o aumento de peso, o que os torna atrativos para uso nesta população, dadas as suas vantagens cardiovasculares e renoprotetoras. No entanto, a evidência atual é insuficiente sobre a sua eficácia em receptores de transplante renal diabéticos (RTRD). Métodos: O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança dos agonistas do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 em RTRD. O foco principal foi avaliar o seu impacto em vários parâmetros, tais como níveis de hemoglobina A1c, índice de massa corporal (IMC), perfil lipídico, níveis de hemoglobina, função do enxerto renal (taxa de filtração glomerular estimada [TFGe]) e relação proteína-creatinina urinária. Resultados: Durante um período de observação mediano de 18 meses, esta investigação incluiu 64 pacientes transplantados renais. A TFGe mediana no início foi de 61,9 mL/min/1,73 m2 e permaneceu estável durante o acompanhamento. A mediana da HbA1c diminuiu de 7,5 para 7% (IC95%; p < 0,002). Também foi observada uma melhoria significativa no IMC e no perfil lipídico. Não foram observadas mudanças significativas nos níveis medianos de creatinina e relação proteína:creatinina urinária. Nenhum efeito colateral justificou a descontinuação do medicamento. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra que o uso de agonistas do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon é viável e bem tolerado em RTRD, sem efeitos colaterais significativos observados. Estudos subsequentes são necessários para explorar se esta terapêutica pode melhorar efetivamente a sobrevida do aloenxerto nesses pacientes.
Influence of diameter of cuttings on growth and stock quality of some provenances of Populus ciliata
Authors: Joshi Manoj , Nayital R.
Published: April 2024

One-year-old shoots from stool bed of Populus ciliata were collected in late fall to determine the influence of diameter of cuttings on growth, establishment and stock quality attributes of five provenances of P. ciliata in a nursery trial for two consecutive years during 1999 and 2000. Results of the analysis indicated that increase in diameter of cuttings significantly increased sprouting and survival per cent and number of roots. The cuttings of intermediate thickness (>15-20 mm) gave maximum juvenile growth at the end of growing season. Provenance variation was also observed in growth and stock quality attributes of P. ciliata.
Tropical Forest cover type characterisation in central highlands of India, using multi-temporal IRS-1C WiFS data
Authors: Joshi P. , Joshi P. , Singh Sarnam , Agarwal S. , Roy P.
Published: April 2024

In this study, we explored the potential of multi-temporal IRS-1D WiFS (Wide Field Sensor) data for characterization of tropical forest in Central India. As the WiFS has a red (R) and near infrared (NIR) band that is sensitive to vegetation, soil moisture and leaf water content, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and other matrices of NDVI were calculated. A forest cover map of Central India was generated from a hybrid classification approach with 8 month WiFS composite NDVI data. Eight different forest categories were distinguished from the 188 m spatial resolution WiFS data. The WiFS forest map was compared to estimates of forest area derived from IRS-1C LISS III product of Forest Survey of India (FSI). There was a good agreement on spatial distribution and area of forest between WiFS product and the LISS III images. In the present study the forest cover of the central highlands is accounted as 34.68% whereas the FSI reports 34.84% forest cover. However, the WiFS product provided additional information on forest types, viz., tropical moist deciduous, dry deciduous and mixed deciduous. Analysis of matrices of NDVI over different seasons allowed for the identification of distinct phenological forest cover types. It is evident that WiFS data can be used to provide timely and detailed forest maps with limited ancillary data needed. The WiFS derived forest maps could be very useful as input to biogeochemical models (particularly carbon cycle models) that require timely estimates of forest area and type.
Application of SAFARI in Prediction of Heart Disease
Authors:   University of Kashmir India, Irfan Irfan ,   University of Kashmir India, Wani M. Arif
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular disease has been the major cause of mortality worldwide for last several decades. Diagnosis of heart disease through traditional approaches is a complex, time consuming and error prone process. To address this issue, several techniques have been proposed to automate the process of diagnosing the heart disease accurately in timely manner. However these techniques report limited accuracy of diagnosing the disease. In this paper SAFARI algorithm is used to diagnose the heart disease. Safari uses rule based approach i.e. it extracts rules from a dataset and uses the extracted rules for diagnosis. The various attribute values are first discretised into specific ranges, each range corresponds to a symbol. This results in a symbol table. Safari extracts rules from this symbol table. The approach has been thoroughly tested on the heart disease dataset publicly available on UCI machine learning repository. The results obtained using this approach are compared with the results of various techniques reported by other authors, a significant improvement was observed.
Extraction of signal features in Voice Signals to train Machine Learning-based Classifier algorithms for Emotion Detection
Authors:   Student of MBA TECH (IT), MPSTME, NMIMS University, Mumbai, India, Simran Simran ,   Student of MBA TECH (IT), MPSTME, NMIMS University, Mumbai, India,   Asst. Professor, Dept. of IT, MPSTME, NMIMS University, Mumbai, India, Shah Bhagyashree , Surve Bhisaji C.
Published: April 2024

This research aims to detect human emotions using speech signals through the development and implementation of methodologies, namely the frequency domain synthesis. To achieve improved results, various machine learning and deep learning models were applied for implementation and their resulting model performance was analyzed. The research findings revealed that each model exhibited different accuracy rates for different emotions but weighted accuracy is best for deep learning based model. This study provides valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing different methodologies and models for emotion detection through voice signals synthesis. The audio signals are synthesized for Mel-Frequency Cestrum Coefficients (MFCC), Chroma, and MEL characteristics, which are then used as features to train the various machine learning-based classifiers. Python libraries like Librosa, Sklearn, Pyaudio, Numpy, and sound files are used to analyze voice modulations and identify emotions.
Epstein-Barr virus-associated polyserositis, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases in a young female
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Khosla Pooja , Taneja Vinus , Dessai Rishikesh , Sondhi Manuj
Published: April 2024

Background:
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus which infects almost all adults. It is usually asymptomatic or causes a self limiting illness but rarely can present as serious complications.
Case Description:
We hereby report the case of a 28 year old female who presented to us with a history of fever with malaise and an episode of malena. She was hemodynamically stable. She had thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases and polyserositis on workup. She was evaluated for the same and found to be EBV positive with remaining infective and autoimmune workup within normal limits. Her symptoms persisted for a total duration of approximately 3 weeks before she became asymptomatic and was discharged.
Conclusion:
This case highlights that Ebstein barr virus should be considered as a differential diagnosis in such cases with atypical presentations especially in young adults.
Complexities of Oral Health Management among Autism Patients: Strategies for Multidisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Shatara Aram , Lahham Cezar
Published: April 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents intricate challenges in managing oral and dental health, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its diverse manifestations and associated difficulties. Despite the absence of specific oral peculiarities directly linked to ASD, individuals diagnosed with ASD often experience poorer oral health outcomes compared to the general population. Factors such as sensory sensitivities, communication barriers, and behavioral challenges contribute to difficulties in maintaining optimal oral hygiene, resulting in a higher prevalence of teeth decay. Furthermore, children with ASD exhibit unique challenges during dental visits, including sensory aversions, communication difficulties, and behavioral issues, necessitating tailored interventions and accommodations by dental professionals. The collaboration between parents, dentists, and other healthcare providers is essential in addressing the oral health needs of individuals with ASD, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Despite ongoing research efforts to elucidate the intricacies of oral health in ASD, conflicting findings underscore the complexity of the topic and highlight the need for further investigation. By prioritizing oral and dental health management and fostering collaborative partnerships between caregivers and healthcare professionals, it is possible to enhance the quality of life and well-being of individuals with ASD. To achieve this, targeted interventions should be developed to address the unique challenges faced by individuals with ASD in oral hygiene practices and dental care settings. Ultimately, raising awareness among parents and healthcare providers about the significance of oral health in individuals with ASD is crucial for promoting preventive measures and ensuring access to appropriate dental care services.
Time-course of interleukin-10 in dogs with cutaneous wounds
Authors: AVAZI Daniel , AWASUM Augustine , HASSAN Adamu
Published: April 2024

Aim: The study explores the time-course of serum and wound fluids, interleukin (IL)-10 in dogs with cutaneous wounds and their relationship with some haematologic parameters.
Methods: The study comprised two groups of adult apparently healthy male and female dogs. The control (n = 6) dogs were intact (wound free) while the experimental (n = 6) dogs had surgically induced cutaneous wounds on the mid-lateral aspect of the right antebrachium. Whole blood, harvested serum and wound fluids samples, pre- and sequentially over 324 hours post-surgery, were utilised for Leucogram evaluation and Interleukin (IL)-10 assay.
Results: Levels ofIL-10 in the experimental groups was higher than the corresponding control levels. The Circulatory level of IL-10 (1.67 ± 0.33 ng/mL) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those in wound fluid (0.87 ± 0.03 ng/mL) and control serum (0.94 ± 0.17 ng/mL) at 156 h. Haematocrit and total Leucocyte counts remained within normal reference limits, with minimal changes in differential cellular activities of the experimental and control groups. Significant correlations of serum IL-10 with lymphocytes (r = 0.946; P < 0.05) was observed in injured dogs.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that IL-10positively modulated the inflammatory processes following cutaneous wounds with variable but significant impacts on circulatory lymphocytes count. It provided evidence that further investigations into the expression patterns of IL-10 in cutaneous wound may improve the quality of wound management.
Anatomical assessment of foramen magnum among the South Indian population – A CT scan comparative study
Authors: S Deepa , Periyasamy Vinodhini , R Mythilikrishnan , G Krishna , D Anupama
Published: April 2024

Background: Foramen magnum (FM) is the most prominent opening in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa. Occipital condyle (OC) protrusion into the FM alters the measurements and produces an impact on the surgical access. Diagnostic modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scan made revolutionary changes in assessing the skull base.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of our study is to measure the morphometric measurements of FM, OC and assess the shapes of the FM.

Materials and Methods: An observational descriptive study on morphometric measurements of FM and OC is conducted in dry skulls and CT scan images. Area, index, and shapes of FM were calculated and tabulated. Relationship between the FM dimensions was statistically analyzed using student t-test (P < 0.05).

Results: There was no significant difference of means (P > 0.05) between the FM and OC parameters with respect to dry skulls and CT measurements. The study results showed that CT is good in predicting the measurements of FM. Our results on shapes of FM showed highest occurrence of the hexagonal (28.57%) followed by diamond shape (22.8%) in dry skulls and CT images. On applying the kappa statistics, there was no agreement in shapes of FM between dry skulls and CT images.

Conclusion: Our study hopes to provide extensive knowledge of FM and OC for the operative surgeons and aids in the reduction of iatrogenic complications.
An evaluation of drug promotional literature in clinical practice
Authors: Bhandari Aditi , Agrawal Apurva , Atray Meena , Prasad Sharmistha
Published: April 2024

Background: In current clinical practice, pharmaceutical companies use drug promotional literatures (DPLs) as a promotional tool to introduce new products entering into the market to medical practitioners. DPLs play a major role in providing important information about the drug to the health-care professionals and to convince them to prescribe the same.

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate the appropriateness of DPLs as per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for rational drug promotion and for other information such as the pictures given and the presence of self-boasting words, if any.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 at a tertiary care teaching institute in southern Rajasthan, India. 330 DPLs, using convenient sampling, were collected in the form of hard and soft copies of flyers, leaflets, brochures, and pamphlets from various registered medical practitioners from a variety of departments and were evaluated based on the WHO guidelines.

Results: A total of 330 DPLs were evaluated. Generic name was present in 98.2%, brand name in 97.9%, amount of active ingredient in 90%, name of manufacturer in 100%, and reference to scientific literature in 57.6%. About 75.5% of DPLs depicted photographs and 53% mentioned self-boasting words or phrases.

Conclusion: Only few DPLs fulfilled all eleven criteria laid down by the WHO. Hence, doctors should not rely solely on promotional literature and appropriate policies must be made for vigilance of the DPLs.
Anthropometric study of ear prints in males of Haryana and Himachal region
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Bala Manju , Kaur Balreet
Published: April 2024

Background: The external ear is a highly intricate structure exhibiting considerable variability among individuals. Ear prints, two-dimensional representations of portions of the outer ear that has made contact with a specific surface, have garnered attention in recent years. Some researchers propose that characteristics of the external ear could serve as identifiers with a level of certainty akin to fingerprinting.

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to measure ear height, ear breadth, and auricular index on ear prints and to compare these parameters between the populations of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 males aged 18–40 years and was conducted at the department of anatomy, MMIMSR, MMU, Mullana. Parameters measured on the ear prints included total ear height, total ear breadth, and the calculation of auricular index.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in ear length and breadth between the two populations. Haryanvi males exhibited greater ear length and breadth compared to Himachali males. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in auricular indices, with Haryanvi males displaying higher values compared to Himachali males.

Conclusion: Upon comparison of ear prints, it was noted that Haryanvi males typically possessed larger and broader ears, whereas Himachali males tended to have medium-sized ears.
A prospective study of demographic, clinical profile, treatment of necrotizing fasciitis, and its consequences
Authors: R Vignesh , Walwekar Arun , Shettar Vishwanath , Walwekar Rekha
Published: April 2024

Background: The infection that spreads along the fascial planes and causes widespread necrosis is known as necrotizing fasciitis (NF). An uncommon but potentially deadly infectious disease, NF places a significant financial strain on both individuals and the health-care system. There are four occurrences for every 100,000 person-years. Patients with type 1 (polymicrobial) NF are typically immune-compromised, whereas those with type 2 (monomicrobial) NF are typically immune-competent with a trauma history. Type 1 NF has a death rate of 21%, while Type 2 NF has a death rate of 14–34%. Furthermore, NF has the potential to significantly lower patients’ quality of life, especially for those who are having an amputation. Another significant issue for public health is the high death rate. Patients with advanced age, diabetes, smoking, immunosuppression, obesity, malnutrition, steroid therapy, and HIV are more likely to have the disease. Injury and diabetes are important factors. Only few studies have conducted to correlate demographic and clinical features treatment and its outcomes. Therefore, the study is conducted to correlate demographic and clinical features, treatment of NF, and its outcomes.

Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to study demographic, clinical profile of patients with NF and (2) to analyze the treatment and outcomes of NF.

Materials and Methods: This cohort study was carried out for cases that were clinically diagnosed with NF in patients admitted under the Department of Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, from December 2019 to December 2021. After clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, 124 cases were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: A total of 124 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. Most common age group to be affected was 51–60 years. One hundred were male and 24 were female, with male: female ratio of 4.2: 1. Lower limb 95 (76.61%) was the most common site to be involved. Most common risk/precipitating factor for developing NF is trauma 43 (34.65%) followed by diabetes 40 (32.25%). Most common antibiotic used in this study was piperacillin combined with tazobactum in 53 patients (43.54%). Total 124 patients, among them 25 patients underwent amputation, 33 patients were in septic shock and succumbed due to same, 13 patients ended up in skin grafting, the mean duration of hospital stay was 13.46 days, and mean number of debridement was 1.129.

Conclusion: In this study, mortality was higher (53.23%), but there was a good improvement in all the surviving patients. Early surgical intervention (within 72 h) with broad spectrum antimicrobials has a favorable outcome. Prompt and early surgical intervention with holistic care helps in reducing morbidity and mortality.
Haematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation of the Morus alba L. leaf extract from Brunei Darussalam: Acute toxicity study in ICR mice
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Kifli Nurolaini , Noor Mohd , Hamzah Hazilawati , Azlan Azrina
Published: April 2024

Background:
Studies have reported that the phytochemical content of Mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) is influenced by the area where it grows. On the other hand, the study of the bioactivity and toxicity of mulberry leaves from Brunei Darussalam still needs to be completed. In particular, the investigation regarding the safe dose for Mulberry's application from Brunei Darussalam has yet to be studied. Hence, toxicity information must be considered even though the community has used it for generations.
Aim:
This study investigated Morus alba ethanolic leaf extract (MAE) to observe the acute toxicity in mice.
Methods:
In particular, this study utilised twelve female ICR mice, eight weeks old, divided into two groups: the control group and the MAE group (2000 mg/kg single dose). Physiology, haematology; biochemistry; and histology were analysed during the study.
Results:
The examination result indicated no mortality and behavioural changes throughout the testing period. However, the mice developed mild anaemia and leukopenia, followed by decreased numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In addition, the mice developed a mild hepatocellular injury, indicated by significant (P<0.05) elevations of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The histopathological findings of the liver were also consistent with the increment of ALT and AST, indicating mild hepatocellular necrosis through the eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknosis (P>0.05).
Conclusion:
It was evident that single oral administration of MAE was not lethal for mice (LD50, which was higher than 2000 mg/kg). However, the administration of high doses of MAE must be carefully considered.
The effect of dietary eugenol nanoemulsion supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, redox homeostasis, immunity and pro-inflammatory responses of growing rabbits exposed under heat stress
Authors: Alrashedi Seyghah , Almasmoum Hibah , Eldiasty Jayda
Published: April 2024

Aim: The current study was piloted to assess the impact of eugenol nanoemulsion (EUGN) supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, redox homeostasis, immune response, and pro-inflammatory reactions in growing rabbits exposed to heat stress.
Methods: A total of 100 male weanling rabbits aged 35 days were alienated into four treatments, each of which contained EUGN at concentrations of 0 (control group; EUGN0), 50 (EUGN50), 100 (EUGN100), and 150 (EUGN150) mg/kg diet (n = 25 per treatment).
Results: Dietary EUGN levels improved (p < 0.05) the body weight, body weight gain, carcass weights, and reduced feed conversion ratio of rabbits. EUGN supplementation increased significantly Hb, Plat and RBCs, while the MCH and ESO were significant decreased compared to control one. Compared with EUGN0 stressed rabbits, all EUGN-experimental groups had reduction in the TG (p<0.01), uric acid, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and GGT (p<0.01) levels. TAC and GSH-Px were significantly improved by EUGN treatment when compared with the control one (p<0.01), while the EUGN100 exhibited the greatest levels of CAT. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was significantly decreased in EUGN-treated groups. All pro-inflammatory cytokines IL4, IL-1β and TNF-α were considerably decreased after dietary EUGN supplementation (p<0.05). The serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgG) were significantly improved in rabbits of EUGN150 group.
Conclusion: This study showed that EUGN can be used as a novel feed additive to enhance the growth performance, immune variables, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of growing rabbits exposed to thermal stress.
The emerging topic of injected cosmetic fillers in the perinasal region of dromedary camels: ultrasonographic and radiographic verification
Authors: Tharwat Mohamed , Sadan Madeh , Hawas Abdulla
Published: April 2024

Dermal cosmetic fillers are commonly used in camels in the last few years in Gulf countries. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the radiographic as well as sonographic findings of injected cosmetic fillers in Arabian camel perinasal region in beauty shows. Total number of (n = 11,626) Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) were thoroughly investigated for injection of cosmetic fillers in the perinasal area. The age of the camels was 6 months to 10 years, and their weights were 400 to 650 kg. In parallel, control group consists of 30 age/weight–matched non-injected camels were used. Of the 11,626 examined camels, 25 animals (0.0.002%) were injected with cosmetic fillers in the perinasal region. Of the 25 camels, 19 (76%) were females and 6 (24%) were males. Radiographic examinations were carried out for the 25 injected camel perinasal regions. Parallel, ultrasonographic examination of the injected perinasal regions revealed precise discrimination of the filler material, which was appeared hypo-echogenic in 17 camels (68%) and with anechoic spots in the remaining 8 camels (32%). Variable degrees of swelling caused by injection of moderate and large quantities of fillers were noted by radiographic assessment, the injected cosmetic filler was precisely diagnosed in perinasal region grey in color having soft tissue density in obtained radiographs. In conclusion, radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations are reliable, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques can precisely discriminate a filler agent in the soft tissues and determine the situ and size of cutaneous deposits in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).
Effect of breeding season and age on follicular dynamics and hemodynamics in embryo donor mares subjected to luteolysis after embryo flushing
Authors: Alkhadrawy Jamal , Aboelmaaty Amal , Ahmed Mostafa , Ghallab Abdelraouf
Published: April 2024

Background:
Mares are the only companion animal simulating women in the large diameter of their follicle, the effect of aging on reproduction and even mares are more sensitive to summer heat stress as they can sweat like human.
Aim:
The current study aimed to investigate the dominant and subordinate follicular dynamics and hemodynamics and circulating ovarian hormones in embryo doner mares spontaneously ovulated, after inducing ovulation using human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG), and after inducing luteolysis using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) following embryo flushing with studying the differences age (young vs senile) and season (cold vs hot).
Methods:
Spontaneous estrous cycles of young mares (<10years; N=6) or senile (>20 years; N=5), cold season (October to April), hot season (May to August), after inducing ovulation using hCG, and after inducing luteolysis using PGF2 α were studied each other day using Doppler ultrasound with blood sampling. Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), nitric oxide (NO), total cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in blood serum.
Results:
A decrease in the dominant follicle antrum diameter (P>0.05) and LDH (P=0.016) was observed after inducing luteolysis. Both hCG and PG increased dominant follicle area (P=0.0001), antrum area (P=0.001), perimeter (P=0.001), granulosa area (P=0.0001), Cholesterol (P=0.0001), NO (P=0.0001), and E2 (P=0.0001). The hot season increased (P=0.0001) dominant follicle area, antrum area, perimeter, color area, granulosa area, LDH, cholesterol, NO, and E2 but decreased the circulatory % (P=0.0001). Senile mares had lower dominant follicle area (P=0.002), antrum area (P=0.0001), granulosa area (P>0.05), LDH (P=0.001), cholesterol (P=0.0001), NO (P=0.0001), and E2 (P=0.0001) but higher circulatory % (P=0.0001) and color area %(P=0.023). The dominant follicle possesses the largest diameter, area, perimeter, granulosa area, and color area but the lowest circulatory % during spontaneous estrous cycles, after inducing ovulation, or luteolysis with significant effects of the Day of the spontaneous estrous cycles on their dynamics and hemodynamics.
Conclusion:
Senile mares can be used for as embryo or oocyte donners and during the hot season.
Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study
Authors: Almutleb Essam , HITI GAMAL , Alshulayyil Abdulmalik , Alghamdi Abdullah , Almutairi Meznah , Baashen Mashaaer , Altoaimi Basal , Alanazi Saud , Masmali Ali
Published: April 2024

Background:
Maintaining a stable tear film is crucial for having healthy human and animal vision. Animals are expected to have thicker lipid layers than humans due to living in high-temperature and humid environments.
Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the lipid layer patterns (LLP) in Arabian dogs and rabbits using a non-invasive, practical, and easy-to-use device and compare them to humans with healthy eyes.
Methods:
The study included 75 domestic Arabian dogs (42 males and 33 females; mean ± SD = 6.1 ± 12.7 months) and 75 rabbits (37 males and 38 females; mean ± SD = 3.1 ± 3.4 months). Additionally, 75 individuals with healthy eyes (39 males and 36 females; mean ± SD = 25.7 ± 5.0 years) were included for comparison. EASYTEAR View+ assessed the LLP in each animal's and individual's right eye.
Results:
The median LLP grades significantly differed between dogs and humans (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001). Similarly, the LLP grades differed significantly between rabbits and humans (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001). No significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test) in the LLP grades between dogs and rabbits was found. The analysis indicated that most dogs had either an A (34.7%) or a B grade (37.3%). Similarly, rabbits had predominantly A or 1 (46.7%) and B (30.7%) grades. On the other hand, humans had predominantly D (53.3%) and E (30.7%) grades.
Conclusion:
The EASYTEAR View+ has been employed to assess lipid layer patterns in dogs and rabbits, and the measurements were compared to those of humans with normal ocular health. Dogs and rabbits have thinner lipid layers than healthy humans.
Quantitative evaluation of middle ear radiopacity in French bulldogs using X-ray imaging
Authors: Shimizu Eisei , Kushida Kazuya , Miyahara Shunsuke , Tashiro Kodai , Yoshimura Aritada , Sugi Shoma , Tamazawa Mizuki , Matsumoto Miu , Kaneyama Airi , Shimizu Miki , Fukushima Ryuji , Kishimoto Miori
Published: April 2024

Background:
Radiographic examination of the middle ear in French bulldogs can be challenging due to their small ear cavity and thick walls. Quantifying opacity on radiographic images is required to determine normal or abnormal results.
Aim:
To quantify the radiographic opacity of the middle ear in French bulldogs and create a threshold for objective diagnosis.
Methods:
A study was conducted on 32 French Bulldogs using radiographic images. Significant difference tests were performed on the ears of patients with unilateral and bilateral middle ear filling on computed tomography. A threshold was established for detecting left-right asymmetry in the same individuals. Additionally, comparisons were made between the filling and non-filling middle ear groups to establish a threshold of pixel values that could determine single middle ear filling and nonfilling for different patient images.
Results:
Significant differences were observed in the left-right difference in max, left-right difference in max-ave, and left–right ratio of max-ave between unilateral and bilateral filling groups. The max-ave left-right ratio had the highest AUC value with a cutoff of 1.077 and 92.3% sensitivity. The item that showed a significant difference between middle ear groups with and without filling was corrected for nasopharyngeal pixel values with a cutoff of 1.028 and 85% sensitivity.
Conclusion:
Pixel value ratios in the middle ear region can detect asymmetries in ear densities. The max value in the region compared to the same image's nasopharyngeal region can determine the filling. Combining individual ear evaluations and symmetry improves accuracy.
Harnessing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Against Aeromonas hydrophila : Fermentation-Based Fatty Acids Production and Its Bioinformatic Assessment
Authors: Qosimah Dahliatul , Laminem Laminem , Setyawati Dyah , Mandasari Candra
Published: April 2024

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and is multidrug-resistant. It utilizes hemolysin and aerolysin to spread infection. Black soldier flies (BSF) can be antibacterial because of the fatty acids it contains.
Aims: This study aimed to investigate and compare the fatty acid profiles of BSF prepupae grown in fermented and nonfermented media using bioinformatics tools and assess their potential as antibacterial agents against Aeromonas hydrophila.
Methods: The study used BSF prepupae reared on various organic substrates. BSF prepupae grown in fermented or nonfermented substrate were observed against fatty acid. The fatty acid analysis was performed using GC-MS. Fatty acids were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level. Fatty acid bioactivity was predicted using the online PASS-Two-way drug program. Molecular docking on BSF fatty acid compounds was analyzed with PyMol 2.2 and Discovery Studio version 21.1.1.
Results: The molecular docking test showed the strongest bond was oleic acid with aerolysin and linoleic acid with hemolysin. BSF prepupae grown on fermented media showed higher crude fat and saturated fatty acids but lower unsaturated fatty acids than nonfermented media.
Conclusion: Black soldier fly prepupae, particularly those grown on fermented media, possess antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila through potential fatty acid-mediated inhibition of crucial virulence factors.
Antibacterial activity of flavonoid extracts from Enteromorpha intestinalis and Caulerpa prolifera against multidrug resistant foodborne bacterial isolates
Authors: Alghazeer Rabia , Azwai Salah , Elmansori Abdalla , Alzintani Khalid , Elghmasi Sana , Alnajjar Asma , Gammoudi Ftaim , Sidati Maamar , Hawisa Samia , Garbaj Aboubaker , Eldaghayes Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

Background:
Food poisoning caused by bacterial agents is a worldwide problem, usually accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and may be sever leading to death. Natural compounds from marine algae namely flavonoids may play a role in the remedy of this condition.
Aim:
This research aims to assess the potency of flavonoids extracted from Enteromorpha intestinalis and Caulerpa prolifera as antibacterial agents.
Methods:
E. intestinalis was collected from Western Libyan Coast and C. prolifera was collected from Farwa Island. The antimicrobial activity and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of algal flavonoid containing extracts was performed in vitro against some positive and negative Gram bacteria.
Results:
Crude extract containing flavonoids from E. intestinalis were more effective than C. prolifera extract against Staphylococcus aureus with antimicrobial essay (25-28+1 and 14.5-37.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (50 and 50-250 µg/mL), MBC (75 and 75-250 µg/mL). In Bacillus cereus, the antimicrobial assay (19-24.5+0.5-1.5: 24+1), MIC (50-250 + 100 µg/mL) and MBC (250 and 125 µg/mL). On the other hand, flavonoids containing extract from C. prolifera were more effective than E. intestinalis against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 EHEC O157 (25-28+1: 14-18.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250:100-500 µg/mL) and MBC (150-250 and 250-500 µg/mL). Salmonella enterica qualitatively combat by flavonoid from E. intestinalis (13.5-14+0.5-1: 10.5-13.5+0.5-1.5), MIC (100-250: 250 µg/mL) and MBC (100-250: 250 µg/mL). Flavonoids from C. prolifera (4 strains: 2 strains) were effective against S. enterica. Crude flavonoids from both algae were not effective against Bacillus pumilus.
Conclusion:
Data from this study could conclude that flavonoid extracts from E. intestinalis and C. prolifera could be used against foodborne bacterial agents.
Microbial risk assessment of dairy products from retail marketplaces in Basrah province, Iraq
Authors: Aldeewan Ali , Jaber Nawres , Abdulhameed Mohanad , Abbas Basil
Published: April 2024

Background:
Milk-borne bacteria cause degradation of milk products and constitute a significant risk to public health.
Aim:
The objectives of present study are to determine the microbiological quality of dairy products and to investigate pathogenic microorganisms.
Methods:
A total of 60 samples of raw milk, homemade cheese and yogurt were randomly selected from different retail marketplaces in Basrah. The bacteriological and biochemical tests were utilised to identify the pathogens in dairy samples, as well as the molecular technique was used as accurate diagnostic test.
Results:
The prevalence of contamination milk products with various isolates was estimated as 50% (95% Cl: 36.8-63.2). The mean of total bacteria count (TBC) for cheese was 7.29±2.70, raw milk 4.62±2.86, and yogurt 2.87±1.05, with significant p-value (P=0.001). The mean count of aerobic spore-forming (ASF) contaminated raw milk was analysed as 3.77±1.18 and less contamination detected in the yogurt samples with mean of ASF was estimated as 2.52±1.47 SD log 10 CFU/ml. A range of important microorganisms to human health were identified through employing the VITEK_2 system and sequencing 16S rDNA gene, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, and Bacillus cereus.
Conclusion:
The study indicates that there is a high level of bacterial contamination in the dairy products with different bacteria species, which is medically important. Therefore, food safety management must be implemented to reduce biological risk carried by dairy products and ensure healthy food for consumers.