bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAYGEN: an open-source chemical structure generator for constitutional isomers based on the orderly generation principle
Authors: Yirik Mehmet Aziz , Sorokina Maria , Steinbeck Christoph
Published: July 2021

The generation of constitutional isomer chemical spaces has been a subject of cheminformatics since the early 1960s, with applications in structure elucidation and elsewhere. In order to perform such a generation efficiently, exhaustively and isomorphism-free, the structure generator needs to ensure the building of canonical graphs already during the generation step and not by subsequent filtering. Here we present MAYGEN, an open-source, pure-Java development of a constitutional isomer molecular generator. The principles of MAYGEN’s architecture and algorithm are outlined and the software is benchmarked in single-threaded mode against the state-of-the-art, but closed-source solution MOLGEN, as well as against the best open-source solution PMG. Based on the benchmarking, MAYGEN is on average 47 times faster than PMG and on average three times slower than MOLGEN in performance.
Research on enterprise business model and technology innovation based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Qu Sunping , Shi Hongwei , Zhao Huanhuan , Yu Lin , Yu Yunbo
Published: July 2021

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SEMs) are the important part of economic society whose innovation activities are of great significance for building innovative country. In order to investigate how technological innovation (TI) and business model design (BMD) affect the business performance of SMEs, samples of 268 SMEs in the artificial intelligence industry and hierarchical regression models are used in the analysis. The results indicate that TI, BMD, and the matching of them have different effects on the innovation of SMEs of different sizes. These findings are helpful for enriching the theory of the fit between TI and BMD and providing theoretical guidance for the innovation activities in SEMs.
Beam characterization of a microfading tester: evaluation of several methods
Authors: Świt Paweł , Gargano Marco , del Hoyo-Meléndez Julio M.
Published: July 2021

Microfading testing allows to evaluate the sensitivity to light of a specific artwork. Characterization of the illumination spot is important to determine its shape, dimensions, light distribution, and intensity in order to limit and account for possible damage. In this research the advantages and disadvantages of several methods used to determine the beam shape and intensity profiles are described with the aim of providing various options to microfading researchers interested in characterizing their irradiation spots. Conventional and imaging methods were employed and are compared in terms of their accuracy, cost, reliability, and technical features. Conventional methods consisted of an aperture technique using aluminium foil and four different materials namely stainless steel, silicon, muscovite, and Teflon used as sharp edges. The imaging methods consisted of digital photography of illumination spot, direct beam measurement using a CMOS camera, and direct beam measurement using a laser beam profiler. The results show that both conventional and imaging methods provide beam width measurements, which are in satisfactory agreement within experimental error. The two best methods were direct measurement of the beam using a CMOS camera and sharp-edge procedure. MFT illumination beam with a CMOS camera followed by a determination of the beam diameter using a direct method, more specifically one involving a sharp-edge technique.
Aneurysmal degeneration of fluoropolymer-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent in the superficial femoral artery: a rising concern
Authors: Tsujimura Takuya , Iida Osamu , Asai Mitsutoshi , Masuda Masaharu , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Kanda Takashi , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Hata Yosuke , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Toyoshima Taku , Higashino Naoko , Mano Toshiaki
Published: July 2021

Background

Although several clinical reports demonstrated a durable patency rate after a novel fluoropolymer-coated paclitaxel-eluting stent (Eluvia; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) placement, aneurysmal degeneration after drug-eluting stent (Eluvia) placement has raised clinical concerns. Here, we report a case with progressive aneurysm formation on serial angiography and intravascular ultrasound over 50 months after drug-eluting stent (Eluvia) placement for a superficial femoral artery atheromatous plaque.

Case presentation

A 79-year-old woman with right leg intermittent claudication at 100 m distance was referred to our hospital. Pre-procedural angiography showed long-segment severe stenosis from the middle-to-distal part of the right superficial femoral artery, and a 7 mm wide drug-eluting stent (Eluvia) was placed. However, the patient had a recurrence of intermittent claudication in the right lower extremity 25 months thereafter. Angiography revealed de novo stenosis in the distal part of the popliteal artery and proximal superficial femoral artery in-stent restenosis. Subsequently, the patient underwent endovascular therapy for these lesions. In addition, intravascular ultrasound at the time of endovascular therapy revealed femoral artery enlargement with a maximum vessel diameter of 10.0 mm at the distal edge of the stent. Intermittent claudication on the right side recurred again 50 months after drug-eluting stent (Eluvia). Angiography demonstrated de novo severe stenosis from the distal part of the superficial femoral artery to the middle part of the popliteal artery. Peri-stent contrast staining was found at the distal part of the drug-eluting stent (Eluvia) site. Intravascular ultrasound showed a further enlargement of maximum vessel diameter to 12.0 mm at the distal edge of the stent.

Conclusions

We report a case with progressive aneurysm degeneration on serial angiography and intravascular ultrasound over 50 months after drug-eluting stent (Eluvia) placement for a superficial femoral artery stenosis.
Comparison of the effectiveness of novel intervention on restricted range of motion of shoulder in young healthy subjects
Authors: Ullah Keramat Keramat , Babur M. Naveed
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of four novel and pragmatic interventions on the restricted range of motion (ROM) of shoulder joint in healthy subjects.

Methods: The study was conducted at Helping Hand Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Mansehra, in 6-months duration. This quasi-experimental study recruited 120 young subjects with an equal proportion of males and females for four novel intervention groups (n=30 each group) including pragmatic posterior capsular stretch, Serratus anterior stretch, rotator cuff facilitation and acromioclavicular joint mobilization. Study variables included measurement of Reaching up behind the back (RUBTB), Reaching down behind the neck (RDBTN), and shoulder range of motion (flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation). The paired t-test was used for the change in pretest and posttest variables and the Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the change in each group of interventions.

Results: All the variables improved significantly (p<0.05) from their baseline scores for the interventions. The mean difference among the intervention groups for the variables was statistically significant (p<0.001) on the Kruskal Wallis test. Pragmatic posterior capsular stretch (PPCS) and serratus anterior stretch (SAS) improved the RUBTB and RDBTN more than the other interventions. Rotator cuff facilitation (RFC) improved shoulder rotation more than the rest of the intervention. Acromioclavicular joint mobilization (ACJM) was effective in improving the abduction and flexion ROM.

Conclusion: Pragmatic interventions are effective in improving shoulder ROM in young healthy adults and recommended for the trials on prevention and rehabilitation of shoulder pathologies.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3465

How to cite this:Keramat KU, Babur MN. Comparison of the effectiveness of novel intervention on restricted range of motion of shoulder in young healthy subjects. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1491-1498. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3465

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of Thyroid Autoimmunity on Dyslipidemia in patients with Euthyroid Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Cengiz Hasret , Demirci Taner , Varım Ceyhun , Tamer Ali
Published: July 2021

Background & Objective: The relationship between thyroid disorders and dyslipidemia has now been clearly demonstrated, but the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and dyslipidemia in euthyroid patients is still controversial. Our aim in this study was to determine whether there is a risk of dyslipidemia in our patients with euthyroid hashimoto thyroiditis.

Methods: Fifty-five autoantibody positive hashimoto patients and 55 antibody negative control groups who came to Sakarya University Medicine Faculty Endocrinology Outpatient Clinics between January 2018 and November 2019 were included in our case control study. The groups were similar in terms of age, cardiovascular risk factors and BMI. Both groups were compared according to the lipid profile results.

Results: All type of lipids; including LDL (p = 0.008), HDL (p = 0.041), triglyceride (p = 0.045) and total cholesterol (p = 0.002), were higher in the patient group, and these differences were statistically significant. Anti-TPO and Anti-TG antibody titers and lipid levels were evaluated by separate correlation analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between Anti-TPO and LDL (r = 0.331, p <0.001), triglyceride (r = 0.267, p = 0.005) and total cholesterol (r = 0.316, p = 0.001), however no significant correlation was observed between Anti-TPO and HDL. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between Anti-TG and LDL (r = 0.318, p = 0.001), triglyceride (r = 0.218, p = 0.022), and total cholesterol (r = 0.301, p = 0.001), but HDL correlation relationship was not detected.

Conclusion: The relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and dyslipidemia has been demonstrated in our study even in the euthyroid phase. Whether antibody positive patients should be followed more closely for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular events is still controversial. This question will be answered with larger randomized controlled trials.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3883

How to cite this:Cengiz H, Demirci T, Varim C, Tamer A. The effect of Thyroid Autoimmunity on Dyslipidemia in patients with Euthyroid Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1365-1370. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3883

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical outcomes of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An observational study from Pakistan
Authors: Das Bhagwan , Sheikh Aisha , Ahmed Bilal , Islam Najmul
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use in the Pakistani population.

Methods: Retrospective review of initial 100 patients who were prescribed with any agent of the SGLT2i group from July 1, 2018 to January 2019 at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. SGLT2i was offered to patients of above 18 years of age with inadequate glycemic control on existing antidiabetic agents. Changes in HbA1c, the Body Mass Index (BMI), serum creatinine, any decrease in the requirement of insulin and sulphonylurea dose along with any side effects reported by the patients on follow-up visits.

Results: Most study participants were females (56%) with the mean age of 52±10 years. Substantial changes were observed in the HbA1c (7.5±1.1%, 7.9±1.2% from 8.7±1.5%, p < 0.01), BMI (31.4±5.8, 31.8±5.8 from 32.4±5.9kg/m2, p < 0.01) and in creatinine (0.71±0.1, 0.75±0.1 from 0.79±0.1 mg/dl, p < 0.01) at three and six months of follow up visits. The reduction in insulin and sulphonylurea doses was also significant. Adverse drug events that led to drug discontinuation in 14 individuals were, Urinary tract infection (UTI) (seven patients), Genital infection (three patients), nausea +UTI, abdominal pain +UTI, mild Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and polyuria (one patient each). None reported Fournier’s gangrene, limb amputation, or fracture.

Conclusion: SGLT2i significantly improved glycemic control, BMI, and serum creatinine in the Pakistani population with a very low number of observed adverse events.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3901

How to cite this:Das B, Sheikh A, Ahmed B, Islam N. Clinical outcomes of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An observational study from Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1342-1346. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.3901

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Optical Coherence Tomography based indices in predicting functional outcomeof macular hole surgery: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Tayyab Haroon , Siddiqui Rehman , Jahangir Sana , Hashmi Shiraz
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the utility of novel macular hole indices of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and predicting the functional outcome of surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 28 eyes who underwent surgery for idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH) at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi from January 2016 to March 2020. Data of preoperative OCTs were recovered from data server of OCT machine. Measurements of the pre-operative OCTs were calculated using caliper function of OCT software by two independent technicians. Parameters included Macular Hole Index (MHI), Traction Hole Index (THI), Hole Form Factor (HFF) and Diameter Hole Index (DHI) were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of DHI, THI, HFF and MHI for improved BCVA after surgery, by looking at sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC). P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Out of 30 eyes, final data analysis was done for 28 eyes. Mean age was 61.5 ± 6.2 years. Mean pre-operative and 6 months post-operative LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.84 ± 0.23 and 0.32 ± 0.30 (p-value <0.001). Area under the curve with 95% confidence interval estimated for DHI, THI, HFF, and MHI was [0.750 (0.559 to 0.889)], [0.827 (0.637 to 0.943)], [0.846 (0.660 to 0.954)], [0.827 (0.637 to 0.943)]. Cut off values for predicting good functional outcome (post-op BCVA equal or better that 0.4) for DHI, THI, HFF and MHI were 0.454, 1.086, 0.856 and 0.501 respectively. All ROC value of less than 0.5 were considered unlikely to predict functional outcomes with macular hole indices.

Conclusion: Novel macular hole indices can be used as a tool to predict the functional outcomes of macular hole surgery. Larger studies may be required to assess their wider effectiveness.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4126

How to cite this:Tayyab H, Siddiqui R, Jahangir S, Hashmi S. Optical Coherence Tomography based indices in predicting functional outcome of macular hole surgery: A retrospective chart review. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1504-1508. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4126

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Study on the correlation between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Coronary Artery disease in the very elderly patients with hypertension
Authors: Sun Jian-hua , Liu Xiao-kun , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qing-hua
Published: July 2021

Objective: To investigate the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and coronary artery disease in the very elderly (over 80 years old) patients with hypertension.

Methods: One hundred twenty cases of very elderly patients with hypertension admitted to our hospital from March 2018 to December 2020 were selected and divided into two groups: the LVH group and the non-LVH group, all of whom were older aged over 80 years, including 62 patients in the LVH group and 58 patients in the non-LVH group. All patients underwent cardiac color Doppler ultrasound examination, 24-hour dynamic ECG examination, and coronary angiography or coronary CTA examination. The clinical data of the two groups were analyzed statistically.

Results: There were significant differences in the number of diseased vessels, degree of coronary stenosis and vascular calcification between the two groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the results of risk factors for the degree of coronary artery disease in the two groups showed that the history of diabetes, 2hPG and LVH were independent risk factors for the three-vessel disease, while the history of LVH, FPG and alcohol intake were independent risk factors for diffuse lesions, but there was no statistical difference in the correlation between them and the degree of coronary stenosis.

Conclusion: LVH is an independent risk factor for coronary artery stenosis and calcification in the very elderly patients with hypertension, but there is no statistical difference in the correlation between LVH and the degree of coronary stenosis.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4135

How to cite this:Sun JH, Liu XK, Zhang Q, Zhang QH. Study on the correlation between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Coronary Artery disease in the very elderly patients with hypertension. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1382-1386. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4135

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Metronidazole Gels in the management of gingivitis. A clinical trial
Authors: Panhwar Maryam , Rajpur Shazia Perveen , Abrar Eisha , Alqutub Mansour , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the topical application of chlorohexidine (CHX) and Metronidazole (MTZ) gels, individually and in combination in patients with gingivitis for up to 12 weeks follow-up.

Methods: The clinical trial was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Institute of Dentistry from 1st March 2019 to 1st March 2020. Patients were selected based on inclusion criteria. Out of 125 screened patients, ninety-nine patients agreed to participate in the study. At the beginning of study all patients were assessed for gingival inflammation by using gingival index (GI) (Loe and silness, 1963). Scaling root planning (SRP) was performed in all patients. Subjects were randomly selected in three groups (n=33 each). In Group-A CHX gel was applied, Group-B Metronidazole gel was applied and the combination of two was applied to patients of Group-C. Patient follow up was done and gingival parameters were assessed at baseline, fourth week and twelve weeks. Apart from the clinical evaluation, a subjective evaluation was also undertaken. Significance level of 0.05 and a desired study power of at least 80% was estimated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for comparison was used within groups.

Results: A significant improvement in gingival scores was noted in all groups from baseline. At 4 weeks CHX (1.25±0.21) MTZ (1.81±0.38) CHX+MTZ (1.29±0.34) compared to baseline CHX (2.77±0.24) MTZ (2.84±0.54) CHX+MTZ (2.74±0.31) demonstrated substantial improvement (p<0.001). However, gingival scores showed inclination at 12 weeks CHX (1.18±0.41) MTZ (1.21±0.48) CHX+MTZ (1.11±0.14) with no significant difference to week 4 (p>0.001).

Conclusion: Local MTZ gel and MTZ+CHX gel showed effectiveness similar to CHX gel application adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of gingivitis.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4236

How to cite this:Panhwar M, Rajpar SP, Abrar E, Alqutub M, Abduljabbar T. Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Metronidazole Gels in the management of gingivitis. A clinical trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1425-1429. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4236

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
How can medical schools improve students’ perceptions towards e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Young Francesca Naomi , Subhaskaran Kajani
Published: July 2021

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4409

How to cite this:Young FN, Subhaskaran K. How can medical schools improve students’ perceptions towards e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4409
Seasonal Inventory Management Model for Raw Materials in Steel Industry
Authors: Kawakami Kosuke , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Nakata Kazuhide
Published: July 2021

We developed a seasonal inventory management model for raw materials, such as iron ore and coal, for multiple suppliers and multiple mills. The Nippon Steel Corporation imports more than 100 million tons of raw material annually by vessels from Australia, Brazil, Canada, and other countries. Once these raw materials arrive in Japan, they are transported to domestic mills and stored in yards before being treated in a blast furnace. A critical problem currently facing the industry is the limited capacity of the yards, which leads to high demurrage costs while ships wait for space to open up in the yards before they can unload. To reduce the demurrage costs, the inventory levels of the raw materials must be kept as low as possible. However, inventory levels that are too low may lead to inventory shortage resulting from seasonal supply disruptions (e.g., a cyclone in Australia) that delay the supply of raw materials. Because both excess and depleted inventory levels lead to increased costs, optimal inventory levels must be determined. To solve this problem, we developed an inventory management model that considers variations on the supply side, differences that should be observable upon looking at the ship operations. The concept is to model the probability distribution of ship arrival intervals by brand groups and mills. We divided ship operations into two stages: arrival at all mills (in Japan) and arrival at individual mills. We modeled the former as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the latter as a nonhomogeneous Gamma process. Our proposed model enables inventory levels to be reduced by 14% in summer and 6% in winter.
Sounding diasporic dislocation: The object voice in postcolonial short stories
Authors: Sacido-Romero Jorge
Published: July 2021

Jacques Lacan conceives of the voice as more than meets the ear: that is, as an objet a that must be subtracted from the acoustic field to preserve the coherence of reality as a symbolically constructed order in which subjects are inserted and from which they derive a sense of identity. Disruptive manifestations of the object voice are frequent in the modernist and postmodernist British short story, a form which, on account of its brevity and limited scope, renders more sharply the traumatic nature of such episodes, which thus become more memorable and engaging for readers. The short story, likewise, is an apt vehicle for postcolonial and diasporic subjectivities characterized by the tensions and psychic distress provoked by their liminal location between different cultures and their heterogenous and often conflicting interpellations. After an introductory part which elaborates on the interrelations between object voice, the short story genre and the postcolonial subject, this article examines two recent stories by Koye Oyedeji (‘Postscript from the Black Atlantic’) and Diriye Osman (‘Earthling’), in which existential conflicts become so acute that they trigger aural hallucinations, which determine the central characters’ predicament in the context of the migrant diaspora in Britain.
Soundscapes, evocalization and poetics of the everyday in ‘An Epiphany Tale’ by George Mackay Brown
Authors: Leleń Halszka
Published: July 2021

The article traces the orientation of ‘An Epiphany Tale’ (published in 1983) by George Mackay Brown on establishing and maintaining the contact with the reader through the development of multiple aesthetic and aural techniques that are rooted in the tradition of modernism, but expanding and transposing it to a considerable degree. Brown adopts a quasi-philosophical way of narrating a story that anticipates the contemporary existential, phenomenological and aesthetic theoretical insights. The aim of the discussion is to present the text’s semiotic patterns and relate them to the phonetic devices that contribute to what Garrett Stewart called the principle of evocalization. This helps to determine how Brown functionalizes the evoked soundscapes (as theorized by Schafer) and connects them with philosophical and anagogic orientation in reception so as to exploit the story’s thematic focus on a series of epiphanies that reveal the underlying semiotic and aesthetic aspects of ordinary existence. The short story reveals a variety of direct and indirect techniques that create an opposition between what is suggested of reality and what is demonstrated on the level of artistic, literary communication.
‘Modulation’ by Richard Powers: Digital sound, compression and the short story
Authors: Hedges Michael
Published: July 2021

This article presents a reading of ‘Modulation’ (2008) by Richard Powers. Firstly, I consider the short story’s representation of the MP3 music file, specifically its effects on how music is circulated and stored, as well as how it sounds. These changes are the result of different processes of compression. The MP3 format makes use of data compression to reduce the file size of a digital recording significantly. Such a loss of information devises new social and material relations between what remains of the original music, the recording industry from which MP3s emerged and the online markets into which they enter. I argue that ‘Modulation’ is a powerful evocation of a watershed moment in how we consume digital sound: what Jonathan Sterne has termed the rise of the MP3 as ‘cultural artifact’. I contend that the short story, like the MP3, is also a compressed manner of representation. I use narrative theory and short story criticism to substantiate this claim, before positioning ‘Modulation’ alongside Powers’s novels of information. I conclude by suggesting that ‘Modulation’ offers an alternative to representing information through an excess of data. This article reads Powers’s compressed prose as a formal iteration of the data compression the story narrates.
Energy Level and Chemical Class of Disperse Dyes—Plausible Characteristics of Level Dyeing Performance
Authors: Shimo Salima Sultana , Uddin Md. Zulhash
Published: July 2021

The level dyeing index (LDI) is a measure of dye performance influenced by the dye migration process, ensuring the maximum uniformity of dye redistribution onto the fabric surface. The current study evaluates the level dyeing performance on polyester according to the energy level (low and high) and chemical classes (azo and anthraquinone based) of the three disperse dyes studied. The best levelness was obtained using C.I. Disperse Red 73 (an azo-based, low-energy level disperse dye), which exhibited the highest migration index (MI%) value. LDI results were obtained from the ratio of the exhaustion at the critical dyeing temperature (ECDT% and the final exhaustion Ef%), and the migration index (MI%). Each dye's LDI can be used to determine the compatibility of disperse dyes for combination dyeing.
Makna di Balik Legenda “Gunung Tangkuban Parahu”: Suatu Kajian Semiotik
Authors: Munandar Ilham , Indira Dian
Published: July 2021

In this research,  the meaning of the legend  of “Gunung Tangkuban Parahu” is analyzed. The problem in this research is to investigate how denotation, connotation, as well as myth in the legend of “Gunung Tangkuban Parahu”. The objective of this research is to know denotation meaning as signifier, connotation meaning as signifier, as well as myth in the legend of “Gunung Tangkuban Parahu”. Roland Barthes’s semiotics theory is used in this research which identified two orders of signification,  the first order signification is the language aspect, and the second one is the mythical aspect. The method  used in this research is qualitative research method. Based on the result, it is found the denotation of Gunung Tangkuban Parahu” as a signifier, the connotation of Gunung Tangkuban Parahu as a signifier of forbidden love between mom and son, and the myth of Gunung Tangkuban Parahu which is formed from an upside down boat.
Penggunaan Paraban Positif-Negatif dan Fungsinya (Kajian Etnolinguistik)
Authors: Hermintoyo Hermintoyo
Published: July 2021

The use of language in informal communication tends to be a variety of familiar, relaxed. There is closeness between the wearers, one of which is the use of the greeting word Paraban. The salutation word paraban is an additional attribute given to the real name. Paraban is etymologically given conventionally by looking at physical, habit, pleasure, social status, and behavior. There are negative and positive greetings from this paraban. In the context of use it is carried out in intimate communication, and in free situations, such as playing, meeting or in certain events. This context serves a function as: identity, address, social status, and seduction. Psychological use of paraban is generally considered normal for its owner, except for negative paraban. Paraban felt negative because he mentioned physical disabilities, behavior, the profession concerned. Even though it feels painful, the person concerned cannot refuse it even because the habit of daily paraban calls has become commonplace. However, the negative paraban call must be made from close friends, playmates if it is not a close friend or younger age then the person concerned will be offended and angry.
Lirik Lagu “Citra Cinta” Karya Rhoma Irama: Kajian Stilistika
Authors: Muzakka Moh
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to study the language style of Rhoma Irama's song lyrics entitled "Citra Cinta". To study these lyrics, stylistic theory is used, which is an interdisciplinary linguistic theory whose object of study is literary works. The work steps used in this study are to apply stylistic work steps initiated by Pradopo, namely analyzing language style based on the units that build literary works, namely sound style, word style, sentence style, and discourse style. The results of the analysis show that the language style that builds the lyrics of the song "Citra Cinta" by Rhoma Irama cannot be separated independently because the lyrical discourse of the song is built by a coherent sound style, word style, and sentence style to build the discourse,  namely the value of love that is holy and noble.
Hungary at the Head of the Council of Europe
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Shishelina Lyubov
Published: July 2021

In the article, the author analyzes the program and plans of Hungary’s Presidency in the Council of Europe, a body that unites 47 countries of the continent today. This is the second presidency of Budapest in this representative European organization and, like the first time, it comes at a difficult time in terms of both the international situation and the global situation with the Coronacrisis and its consequences. The author notes that in parallel, Hungary will also chair the Visegrad Group. And taking into account the Slovenian presidency of the Council of the EU from July 2021, we can talk about the time of Central Europe in continental politics. The author notes that significant changes in this regard should not be expected, but the countries of the region will try to focus the attention of the whole of Europe on the issues of concern to Central Europe. Noting Hungary’s characteristic desire to bring the issue of national minorities to international discussion, the author also emphasizes the desire of Budapest, which successfully maintains contacts both in the eastern and western directions, to help resolve the new and old crises that have accumulated in relations between the East and the West of Europe to this day.
Investigation of Person Ability and Item Fit Instruments of Eco Critical Thinking Skills in Basic Science Concept Materials for Elementary Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Purnami W. , Ashadi A. , Suranto S. , Sarwanto S. , Sumintono B. , Wahyu Y.
Published: July 2021

The study aims to investigate Person Ability and Item Fit instruments for critical thinking skills of the environment (Eco Critical Thinking Skill) in elementary pre-service teachers. Instrument investigations were carried out by describing item fit, separation of item and person, unidimensionality, and reliability of item and person. The research method was carried out quantitatively by collecting data through an open-answer essay test and an ecocritical thinking skill test. Participants in this study were Elementary School Teacher Education (ESTE) students from 3 universities in Surabaya of East Java, Surakarta of Central Java, and Manggarai of East Nusa Tenggara. The number of participants was 110 ESTE students. Data were analyzed with the Rasch Model WINSTEP software. The result of the study is that 36% of ESTE students have high Person Ability, 58% of them have average Person Ability, and the rest (6%) have low Person Ability. Students who have higher abilities are dominated by students from campus in Surabaya at 50%. Item fit Instrument with Mean Square (MnSq) 0.7 - 1.33. ZSTD -1.4 - 2.0 and Pt-measure Corr 0.49â€“0.6. The research concludes that an instrument of ecocritical thinking skills is a good fit instrument. The distribution of pre-service teacher qualifications from Surakarta and Manggarai is at a medium level, and students from Surabaya-East Java dominate high ability. Elementary pre-service teachers have the most dominant ability to explain and analyze a phenomenon or fact related to environmental damage.
A Green Electrochemistry Experimental Kit: Studentâ€™s Achievements on Lectrofun 2.0
Authors: Sharif A. M. , Ong S. W. , Rahim N. A. , Lee T. T. , Mustafar S. , Rosmi M. S. , Mahmood M. Z. , Nuswowati M.
Published: July 2021

The study aimed at developing and evaluating a simple green electrochemistry experimental kit named Lectrofun 2.0. Lectrofun 2.0 is an educational kit equipped with a module built with the criteria of user-friendly, costeffective, and laboratory free. The basic concept of electrochemistry was introduced through a guided learning approach via the module. The objectives of this research were to (1) develop Lectrofun 2.0 module using green chemicals, recyclable and easily accessible materials and (2) evaluate the module effectiveness in terms of student achievement/understanding of the Electrochemistry topic. This is a Design and Development Research (DDR) using the ADDIE model as an instructional design model. The development phase involves the first objective of the study, while the evaluation phase involves the second objective. Total of 46 respondents of pre-post tests were involved in evaluating effectiveness of Lectrofun 2.0 in terms of student achievement/understanding of the topic. The findings showed that 73.9% of students from the treatment group showed 4-grade increment (from grade E to grade A). This study showed that Lectrofun 2.0 has a significant impact on enhancing learner comprehension of Electrochemistry topic, enjoyment in learning, and learning to care for the environment.
Self-Reflection Assessment in Vertebrate Zoology (SRAVZ) Using Rasch Analysis
Authors: Yuhanna W. L. , Al Muhdhar M. H. I. , Gofur A. , Hassan Z.
Published: July 2021

Instruments that are valid, reliable, and have high consistency are needed to measure studentsâ€™ self-reflection. The Self-Reflection Assessment in Vertebrate Zoology (SRAVZ) was developed to explore studentsâ€™ self-reflection and abilities in the vertebrate zoology course. It is essential to test the instrumentâ€™s validity before measuring studentsâ€™ abilities so that data bias does not occur. This study aims to determine the validity, whether the items are fit or misfit, and the difficulty level of SRAVZ items. SRAVZ is developed by ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The SRAVZ consists of 24 items tested on 135 students who have taken the vertebrate zoology course. Analysis of the Rasch model using Winstep version 4.5.2. The Rasch model shows the item reliability value at 0.97. The Cronbach alpha value at 0.94 with PTMEA Corr shows a positive value, unidimensional 48.1%. The separation index of 5.6 means that the level of grouping the items is very good. The mean square infit for SRAVZ was 0.59-1.96, and the mean square outfit value is 0.59-2.16. Data analysis shows that 24 SRAVZ items have 22 fit items and two misfit items (S3 and S5). Item numbers S3 and S5 must be excluded from the SRAVZ construction. Total items used to measure studentsâ€™ self-reflection in the vertebrate zoology course were 22 items. The most difficult item is S3, and the easiest item is S6. Thus, the data indicate that the valid and reliable SRAVZ is in the good, effective, and high level of consistency category
Merry-Go-Round Techniques in the Inquiry Training Model on Students' Learning Outcomes in Work and Energy
Authors: Batlolona J. R. , Nenohai A. J. W. T. , Wenno I. H. , Wartono W. , Yurdabakan I.
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the difference in learning outcomes in work and energy from students who learned using inquiry training model with merry-go-round techniques. This study was designed using a quasi-experimental design with 74 students as samples. The instrument developed was 21 questions about work and energy. The results show that the experimental class has the highest value of 85.27 compared to the control class with 77.56. The test results of the physics learning outcomes hypothesis were tcount (3,295) >ttable (1,666), indicating that there were differences in physics learning outcomes of students who studied using the inquiry training model with the merry-go-round technique than students who studied conventionally.
Improving Teachers' Comprehension and Readiness in Implementing STEM through Science Learning Simulation
Authors: Toto T. , Yulisma L. , Amam A.
Published: July 2021

This study expects to discover the improvement of science teachers' comprehension of the STEM concept, the improvement of teachers' readiness in implementing it, and the relationship between the comprehension of STEM concepts and readiness in implementing it in learning science. The participants were 50 science teachers from a few junior high schools in Ciamis who joined the workshop and simulated natural science learning dependent on STEM concepts in the Galuh University in Ciamis, Indonesia. The method of study used descriptive utilizing instruments of questionnaires and interview guide. The data were investigated using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 25.0. In addition, data from interviews were analyzed qualitatively (as complementary data). The exploration results show an increase in understanding of the STEM concept of science teachers and an increase in teacher readiness to implement it in science learning. This increase in understanding of STEM concepts and readiness to implement them is strengthened by developing a plan for implementing STEM-based learning and observing STEM-based science learning simulation activities conducted by several workshop participants. In addition, there is also a high correlation between understanding the STEM concept and the teacher's readiness to implement it in science learning.
The Influence of the Research-based Monograph Book to Improve Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior
Authors: Suryani S. D. , Amin M. , Rohman F.
Published: July 2021

This study intends to analyze the influence of the research-based monograph book as a learning resource to improve pre-service teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards the environment. This study is a quasi-experimental study using the Nonequivalent Control Group design. The research sample is 67 pre-service biology teachers using Cluster Sampling. Data were collected using environmental literacy instruments and analyzed descriptively and using the ANCOVA test. The results of the ANCOVA test showed that there was a significant effect on the use of the monograph book on environmental literacy. Knowledge domain obtained 0.047, attitude domain 0.186, and behavioral field 0.986 This research concludes that using the monograph book in learning affects aspects of ecological and environmental knowledge. Nevertheless, it has not had a significant effect on parts of attitude and behavior.
The Effect of Studentsâ€™ Metacognition and Digital Literacy in Virtual Lectures during the Covid-19 Pandemic on Achievement in the â€œMethods and Strategies on Physics Learningâ€ Course
Authors: Sukarno S. , El Widdah M.
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of studentsâ€™ metacognition and digital literacy skills on virtual lectures in the COVID-19 pandemic on achievement in the â€œMethods and Strategy on Physic Learning (MSPL)â€ course. The data was collected using a survey method which involved all 42 physics education students. The data analysis was carried out in two stages, namely the categorization stage and the correlation stage. Based on the data and analysis, it is known that the metacognition skill of physics education students is dominated by the â€œhighâ€ category with 40.47%, followed by the â€œmediumâ€ category at 35.71%, and the remaining 23.82% are at â€œlowâ€ category. As for the digital literacy, the variable is not much different from the metacognition skill, which is dominated by students with high category digital literacy skills at 42.85%, â€œmoderateâ€ category at 33.33%, and the rest 23.82% are at â€œlowâ€ category. Likewise, in the variable conceptualization of the concept of physics and physics learning strategies, physics students who are in the â€œhighâ€ category is more dominant than the â€œmediumâ€ and â€œlowâ€ categories, which are 33.33% and 28.58%, respectively. Based on the ANOVA table, it is known that the value of sig. 0,000, which is less than (<) 0.05. It can be said that X1 (metacognition) and X2 (digital literacy) simultaneously affect the Y variable (mastery of the MSPL concept). This is also reinforced by the calculated F value of 313.111> F table 3.22. It means that the two variables X1 and X2, simultaneously affect the Y variable (mastery of the MSPL concept).
Studentsâ€™ Perception of Learning Management System Supported Smartphone: Satisfaction Analysis in Online Physics Learning
Authors: Rizal R. , Rusdiana D. , Setiawan W. , Siahaan P.
Published: July 2021

Learning Management System Supported Smartphone (LMS3) is a new and innovative application in online physics learning synchronously. The research aims to investigate the level of studentsâ€™ satisfaction in using LMS3 and determine predictor variables that affect the level of studentsâ€™ satisfaction. A descriptive study with survey method was implemented to 71 physics education students who attended online physics learning. The instrument in this research was a Studentsâ€™ Satisfaction of LMS3 Questionnaire (S2LMS3Q). The average percentage determined the level of studentâ€™s satisfaction, and multiple correlations and multiple regressions determined the predictor variables. The level of satisfaction in using LMS3 reached a high level with an average of 76.03%. At the 0.01 significance level, the adjusted R2 value of four predictor variables was 0.393. The multiple correlation analysis showed Î² for each predictor variable were 0.34 for gender, 0.07 for age, 0.43 for experience in using LMS, and 0.13 for internet connection. In conclusion, the level of studentsâ€™ satisfaction was high, and the most influential predictor variables were the experience in using LMS and age. This study suggests an in-depth evaluation of online learning through studentsâ€™ perceptions in order to improve the quality of further learning.
On the Possibility of Using Succinate in Hypoxia Developing in COVID-19
Authors: Orlov Yu. P. , Govorova N. V. , Korpacheva O. V. , Afanasyev V. V. , Khilenko I. A.
Published: July 2021

Aim.To provide a rationale for the feasibility of using the succinate-containing drugs to treat hypoxia associated with COVID-19 based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies.

Materials and methods. 84 Russian and international literature sources concerning the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the pathogenetic role of succinate in the management of COVID-19 associated hypoxia, oxidative stress and diaphragmatic dysfunction were analyzed. The literature search was performed using Pubmed and ELIBRARY.ru databases.

Results.The literature analysis showed that tissue hypoxia, triggering the pathomorphological cascade of events and resulting in multiple organ failure is a central element of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Experimental and clinical studies show the positive impact of tissue hypoxia correction using succinate in both adult patients and children with various conditions associated with acute respiratory failure.

Conclusion.The literature data provide a rationale for using succinate-containing drugs in the treatment of severe COVID-19.