bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Insight into Diabetes Management: From Glycemic Index to Dietary Insulin Index
Authors: Yari Zahra , Behrouz Vahideh , Zand Hamid , Pourvali Katayoun
Published: September 2019

Background:

Despite efforts to control hyperglycemia, diabetes management is still challenging.
This may be due to focusing on reducing hyperglycemia and neglecting the importance of hyperinsulinemia;
while insulin resistance and resultant hyperinsulinemia preceded diabetes onset and
may contribute to disease pathogenesis.

Objective:

The present narrative review attempts to provide a new insight into the management of diabetes
by exploring different aspects of glycemic index and dietary insulin index.

Results:

The current data available on this topic is limited and heterogeneous. Conventional diet therapy
for diabetes management is based on reducing postprandial glycemia through carbohydrate counting,
choosing foods with low-glycemic index and low-glycemic load. Since these indicators are only
reliant on the carbohydrate content of foods and do not consider the effects of protein and fat on the
stimulation of insulin secretion, they cannot provide a comprehensive approach to determine the insulin
requirements.

Conclusion:

Selecting foods based on carbohydrate counting, glycemic index or glycemic load are
common guides to control glycemia in diabetic patients, but neglect the insulin response, thus leading
to failure in diabetes management. Therefore, paying attention to insulinemic response along with glycemic
response seems to be more effective in managing diabetes.
Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Grains of Biofortified Cowpea Cultivars, Before and After Cooking
Authors: Anjos Barros Nara Vanessa dos , Abreu Bruna Barbosa de , Sampaio da Silva Débora Thaís , Soares Ana Karine de Oliveira , Rocha Maurisrael de Moura , Reis Moreira-Araújo Regilda Saraiva dos
Published: September 2019

Objective:

This study aimed to identify and quantify phenolic compounds in the grains of biofortified cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars before and after cooking.

Methods:

We analyzed two cultivars of genetically improved cowpeas, namely BRS Aracê and BRS Tumucumaque. Raw and cooked samples of the cultivars were analyzed (in triplicate). The concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and flavanols, as well as the antioxidant activity, were determined. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:

Grains of cultivar BRS Tumucumaque had higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds before (297.23 ± 4.24 (mean ± standard deviation) mg/100 g) and after (147.15 ± 6.94 mg/100 g) cooking, and higher concentrations of total flavonoids before (49.36 ± 2.02 mg/100 g) and after (23.97± 0.67 mg/100 g) cooking. Anthocyanins were not measured in the grains of either cultivars. There was a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of total flavanols after cooking, with the greater retention in BRS Aracê. Similarly, the antioxidant activity was significantly reduced after cooking, with greater reductions in BRS Tumucumaque than in BRS Aracê. Five phenolic acids were identified and quantified, including gallic, caffeic, and ferulic acids.

Conclusion:

We conclude that cooking affected the concentrations of phenolic compounds in the cultivars, as well as the antioxidant activity exhibited by these cultivars. The cultivars contained beneficial compounds that can contribute to disease prevention and health maintenance.
Imaging Features of Carcinosarcoma Arising from Adenofibroma of the Uterus: A Case Report
Authors: Oh Jiyun , Park Sung Bin , Han Byoung Hee , Kim Hye-Sun , Lee Eun Sun , Park Hyun Jeong
Published: September 2019

Background:

Adenofibroma is a benign tumor composed histologically of epithelial elements and mesenchymal stroma. Carcinosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma. Carcinosarcoma arising from adenofibroma of the uterus has never been reported in the literature in English language.

Case Presentaion:

We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who complained vaginal spotting persisting for several months. We described here for the first time a case of malignant transformation of uterine endometrial adenofibroma into carcinosarcoma that was depicted as a multilocular cystic lesion with enhancing solid portions and stalk-like structure between the myometrium and endometrial mass.
NasalIn-situGel: An Approach to Enhance Therapeutic Benefits of the Drug
Authors: Khatri Kapil , Jain Shikha , Shilpi Satish
Published: September 2019

Objective::

Drug delivery through the nasal route is emerging as a promising approach due to its capability to transport the drug to the systemic circulation and the central nervous system for therapeutic benefits.

Methods:

In-situ gelling formulations comprising polymeric substances are emerging as preferential nasal drug delivery systems. When exposed to biological stimuli, they have the ability to undergo a solgel conversion.

Result:

Such mucoadhesive in-situ gel formulations designed and developed for the nasal administration have the ability to prolong the residence time of formulation in the nasal cavity, thereby serving better for complete uptake of the drug across the nasal mucosa.

Conclusion:

Thus, this review focuses on temperature-responsive, pH-responsive and ion responsive polymers utilized in the nasal in-situ gels together with their physicochemical characterization, evaluation and pharmaceutical applications.
MicroRNAs as Epigenetic Targets of Cigarette Smoke During Embryonic Development
Authors: Seelan Ratnam S. , Greene Robert M. , Pisano Michele M.
Published: September 2019

The adverse developmental effects of exposure to Cigarette Smoke (CS) during pregnancy
are documented in this paper. These include low birth weight, congenital anomalies, preterm birth,
fetal mortality and morbidity. The current biological thought now recognizes that epigenetics represents
a fundamental contributing process in embryogenesis, and that the environment can have a profound
effect on shaping the epigenome. It has become increasingly recognized that genes encoding
microRNAs (miRNAs) might be potential loci for congenital disabilities. One means by which CS
can cause developmental anomalies may be through epigenetic mechanisms involving altered miRNA
expression. While several studies have focused on genes affected by CS during embryonic/ fetal
development, there is a paucity of knowledge on the involvement of miRNAs in this process. This
brief review summarizes the current state of knowledge in this area.
Significant Association of miR-605 rs2043556 with Susceptibility to Breast Cancer
Authors: Kazemi Arezu , Vallian Sadeq
Published: September 2019

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules, which directly
regulate gene expression. It has been documented that single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA
genes could alter the regulation of miRNA expression and function.

Objective:

In this study, the allele and genotype frequency of miR-605 rs2043556 and its association
with breast cancer were investigated in the Iranian population.

Methods:

Genotyping was performed in 162 females affected with breast cancer and 180 healthy individuals.
Genotyping was performed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) followed
by Sanger sequencing.

Results:

The data showed the presence of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for this marker in the
Iranian population. Allelic frequency for A and G allele was 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. Odd ratios
for the association between miR-605 rs2043556 AG/GG genotypes was 3.86 with p-value= 0.

Conclusion:

The results indicated an increased risk for breast cancer susceptibility for miR-605
rs2043556 in the Iranian population.
La cobertura arbórea de Acacia caven sobre la calidad de la pradera y microclima en un sistema silvopastoril de Chile central
Authors: Lucero Ignamarca Alejandro , Muñoz Sáez Fernando , Cancino Cancino Jorge , Sotomayor Garretón Alvaro , Dube Francis , Sáez Carrillo Katia , Villaroel Muñoz Arnoldo , Navarrete Torres Mauricio
Published: September 2019

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de diferentes coberturas arbóreas sobre productividad y calidad de la pradera y sobre variables microclimáticas, en un sistema silvopastoril con espino (Acacia caven). Para ello se estableció un ensayo con cuatro tratamientos de cobertura arbórea (0%, 30% - 40%, 50% - 60%, > 70%), en un diseño experimental de bloques aleatorizados completos y tres repeticiones. Además de variables relacionadas con la productividad y calidad de la pradera, mediante sensores se realizó la medición permanente de temperatura y humedad de suelo, temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa. El periodo de análisis incluye dos temporadas de crecimiento de la pradera. Para los análisis estadísticos se consideraron tres modelos; i) la cobertura arbórea sobre la productividad de la pradera; ii) la cobertura arbórea sobre las variables microclimáticas y iii) la cobertura arbórea sobre la productividad pratense, considerando las variables microclimáticas como covariables. Los resultados indican que, en la segunda temporada, la mayor productividad se alcanzó con el tratamiento sin presencia de árboles (0%). No se detectó efecto de la cobertura arbórea sobre la calidad de la pradera, ni sobre variables microclimáticas, para los periodos evaluados. Las variables microclimáticas que mejor explicaron el desarrollo de la pradera fueron la humedad relativa mínima y la temperatura ambiente. Transcurridas dos temporadas de crecimiento, no es factible dilucidar aún cuál tratamiento genera las mejores condiciones para la productividad de la pradera, por lo que se hace necesario continuar con las mediciones.
Tratamientos de preservación de Bambusa vulgaris vittata contra el ataque de Dinoderus minutus
Authors: Cortez-Barbosa Juliana , Martines Morales Elen Aparecida , Higuti Karina Arakaki , Alves Ana Clara Lancarovici , De Araujo Victor Almeida , Gava Maristela , Garcia José Nivaldo
Published: September 2019

Las cañas de bambú son un material de construcción único para diversos tipos de estructuras y cada vez hay una mayor aceptación de los bambúes para usos estructurales. Sin embargo, tienen como inconveniente su propensión al ataque por insectos. En este trabajo se hizo un estudio de la eficacia de tres diferentes tipos de preservadores: 1) químicos tradicionales, 2) naturales de bajo riesgo para el ser humano y 3) térmicos a diferentes temperaturas, para prevenir el ataque del insecto escarabajo Dinoderus minutus al bambú de la especie Bambusa vulgaris vittata. Los dos primeros tratamientos se realizaron por inmersión y el tipo térmico fue hecho por el proceso de secado. Cada dos semanas, se evaluó el ataque a tres especímenes de cada tratamiento, incluyendo los correspondientes a un testigo sin elemento preservador alguno. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los tratamientos por inmersión fueron eficaces, reduciendo considerablemente el ataque de los insectos en comparación con el testigo.En cuanto al tratamiento térmico, las temperaturas menores o iguales a 130 °C no mostraron ser eficaces; las temperaturas de 190 °C y 210 °C revelaron eficacias aceptables.
Co-movimientos entre los Índices Accionarios y los Ciclos Económicos de Estados Unidos y México
Authors: Román de la Sancha Luis Ignacio , Hernández Álvarez Federico , Rodríguez García Gabriel
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los co-movimientos entre los índices accionarios Dow Jones (DJ) de los Estados Unidos (EU) y el Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC) de México; así también con los ciclos económicos de ambos países. Para explicar esta relación se propone una metodología que comprende conceptos y modelos utilizados en el estudio de ciclos económicos, en particular: tendencia, ciclo, puntos de giro, conformidad y sincronía. Los resultados muestran que las tendencias del índice DJ y el indicador de la economía mexicana (SICCA) muestran una alta conformidad. Por otra parte, los ciclos financieros del DJ e IPC presentan una sincronía casi coincidente. Algunas variables que escapan a este trabajo y que también influyen en los ciclos económicos incluyen la tasa de cambio, ciclos crediticios y políticos. La originalidad de esta investigación consiste en el estudio de la relación que tienen los ciclos financieros obtenidos de los principales índices accionarios con los ciclos económicos. Se concluye que los ciclos del DJ e IPC anticipan con al menos cuatro meses a los ciclos económicos de EU y México.
Developing Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Early Death in Elderly Cancer Patients: Usability Study
Authors: Sena Gabrielle Ribeiro , Lima Tiago Pessoa Ferreira , Mello Maria Julia Gonçalves , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Lima Jurema Telles Oliveira
Published: September 2019

Background

The importance of classifying cancer patients into high- or low-risk groups has led many research teams, from the biomedical and bioinformatics fields, to study the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms. The International Society of Geriatric Oncology recommends the use of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), a multidisciplinary tool to evaluate health domains, for the follow-up of elderly cancer patients. However, no applications of ML have been proposed using CGA to classify elderly cancer patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to propose and develop predictive models, using ML and CGA, to estimate the risk of early death in elderly cancer patients.

Methods

The ability of ML algorithms to predict early mortality in a cohort involving 608 elderly cancer patients was evaluated. The CGA was conducted during admission by a multidisciplinary team and included the following questionnaires: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), geriatric depression scale-short form, international physical activity questionnaire-short form, timed up and go, Katz index of independence in activities of daily living, Charlson comorbidity index, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), polypharmacy, and mini nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF). The 10-fold cross-validation algorithm was used to evaluate all possible combinations of these questionnaires to estimate the risk of early death, considered when occurring within 6 months of diagnosis, in a variety of ML classifiers, including Naive Bayes (NB), decision tree algorithm J48 (J48), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). On each fold of evaluation, tiebreaking is handled by choosing the smallest set of questionnaires.

Results

It was possible to select CGA questionnaire subsets with high predictive capacity for early death, which were either statistically similar (NB) or higher (J48 and MLP) when compared with the use of all questionnaires investigated. These results show that CGA questionnaire selection can improve accuracy rates and decrease the time spent to evaluate elderly cancer patients.

Conclusions

A simplified predictive model aiming to estimate the risk of early death in elderly cancer patients is proposed herein, minimally composed by the MNA-SF and KPS. We strongly recommend that these questionnaires be incorporated into regular geriatric assessment of older patients with cancer.
Evaluation of Privacy Risks of Patients’ Data in China: Case Study
Authors: Gong Mengchun , Wang Shuang , Wang Lezi , Liu Chao , Wang Jianyang , Guo Qiang , Zheng Hao , Xie Kang , Wang Chenghong , Hui Zhouguang
Published: September 2019

Background

Patient privacy is a ubiquitous problem around the world. Many existing studies have demonstrated the potential privacy risks associated with sharing of biomedical data. Owing to the increasing need for data sharing and analysis, health care data privacy is drawing more attention. However, to better protect biomedical data privacy, it is essential to assess the privacy risk in the first place.

Objective

In China, there is no clear regulation for health systems to deidentify data. It is also not known whether a mechanism such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) safe harbor policy will achieve sufficient protection. This study aimed to conduct a pilot study using patient data from Chinese hospitals to understand and quantify the privacy risks of Chinese patients.

Methods

We used g-distinct analysis to evaluate the reidentification risks with regard to the HIPAA safe harbor approach when applied to Chinese patients’ data. More specifically, we estimated the risks based on the HIPAA safe harbor and limited dataset policies by assuming an attacker has background knowledge of the patient from the public domain.

Results

The experiments were conducted on 0.83 million patients (with data field of date of birth, gender, and surrogate ZIP codes generated based on home address) across 33 provincial-level administrative divisions in China. Under the Limited Dataset policy, 19.58% (163,262/833,235) of the population could be uniquely identifiable under the g-distinct metric (ie, 1-distinct). In contrast, the Safe Harbor policy is able to significantly reduce privacy risk, where only 0.072% (601/833,235) of individuals are uniquely identifiable, and the majority of the population is 3000 indistinguishable (ie the population is expected to share common attributes with 3000 or less people).

Conclusions

Through the experiments based on real-world patient data, this work illustrates that the results of g-distinct analysis about Chinese patient privacy risk are similar to those from a previous US study, in which data from different organizations/regions might be vulnerable to different reidentification risks under different policies. This work provides reference to Chinese health care entities for estimating patients’ privacy risk during data sharing, which laid the foundation of privacy risk study about Chinese patients’ data in the future.
Measuring Regional Quality of Health Care Using Unsolicited Online Data: Text Analysis Study
Authors: Hendrikx Roy Johannus Petrus , Drewes Hanneke Wil-Trees , Spreeuwenberg Marieke , Ruwaard Dirk , Baan Caroline
Published: September 2019

Background

Regional population management (PM) health initiatives require insight into experienced quality of care at the regional level. Unsolicited online provider ratings have shown potential for this use. This study explored the addition of comments accompanying unsolicited online ratings to regional analyses.

Objective

The goal was to create additional insight for each PM initiative as well as overall comparisons between these initiatives by attempting to determine the reasoning and rationale behind a rating.

Methods

The Dutch Zorgkaart database provided the unsolicited ratings from 2008 to 2017 for the analyses. All ratings included both quantitative ratings as well as qualitative text comments. Nine PM regions were used to aggregate ratings geographically. Sentiment analyses were performed by categorizing ratings into negative, neutral, and positive ratings. Per category, as well as per PM initiative, word frequencies (ie, unigrams and bigrams) were explored. Machine learning—naïve Bayes and random forest models—was applied to identify the most important predictors for rating overall sentiment and for identifying PM initiatives.

Results

A total of 449,263 unsolicited ratings were available in the Zorgkaart database: 303,930 positive ratings, 97,739 neutral ratings, and 47,592 negative ratings. Bigrams illustrated that feeling like not being “taken seriously” was the dominant bigram in negative ratings, while bigrams in positive ratings were mostly related to listening, explaining, and perceived knowledge. Comparing bigrams between PM initiatives showed a lot of overlap but several differences were identified. Machine learning was able to predict sentiments of comments but was unable to distinguish between specific PM initiatives.

Conclusions

Adding information from text comments that accompany online ratings to regional evaluations provides insight for PM initiatives into the underlying reasons for ratings. Text comments provide useful overarching information for health care policy makers but due to a lot of overlap, they add little region-specific information. Specific outliers for some PM initiatives are insightful.
Digital Competencies and Attitudes Toward Digital Adherence Solutions Among Elderly Patients Treated With Novel Anticoagulants: Qualitative Study
Authors: Herrmann Maximilian , Boehme Philip , Hansen Arne , Jansson Katharina , Rebacz Patrick , Ehlers Jan P , Mondritzki Thomas , Truebel Hubert
Published: September 2019

Background

Nonadherence to medication is a driver of morbidity and mortality, and complex medication regimens in patients with chronic diseases foster the problem. Digital technology might help, but despite numerous solutions being developed, none are currently widely used, and acceptance rates remain low, especially among the elderly.

Objective

This study aimed to better understand and operationalize how new digital solutions can be evaluated. Particularly, the goal was to identify factors that help digital approaches targeting adherence to become more widely accepted.

Methods

A qualitative study using a conceptual grounded theory approach was conducted. We included patients aged 65 years and older who routinely took new oral anticoagulants. To generate theses about the digital competencies of the target group with daily medication intake, face-to-face interviews were conducted, recorded, and anonymized. After coding the interviews, categories were generated, discussed, and combined with several theses until saturation of the statements was reached.

Results

The methodological approach led to the finding that after interviews in 20 of 77 potentially available patients, a saturation of statements was reached. The average patient’s age was 75 years, and 50% (10/20) of the subjects were female. The data identified five main coding categories—Diseases and medicine, Technology, Autonomy, Patient narrative, and Attitude toward technologies—each including positive and negative subcategories. Main categories and subcategories were summarized as Adherence Radar, which can be considered as a framework to assess the potential of adherence solutions in the process of prototyping and can be applied to all adherence tools in a holistic manner.

Conclusions

The Adherence Radar can be used to increase the acceptance rate of digital solutions targeting adherence. For a patient-centric design, an app should be adapted to the individual patient’s needs. According to our results, this application should be based on gender and educational background as well as the individual physician-patient relationship. If used in a proper, individualized manner, digital adherence solutions could become a new cornerstone for the treatment of chronically ill individuals.
A Telehealth-Delivered Pulmonary Rehabilitation Intervention in Underserved Hispanic and African American Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach
Authors: Pekmezaris Renee , Kozikowski Andrzej , Pascarelli Briana , Wolf-Klein Gisele , Boye-Codjoe Eugenia , Jacome Sonia , Madera Danielle , Tsang Donna , Guerrero Brenda , Medina Richard , Polo Jennifer , Williams Myia , Hajizadeh Negin
Published: September 2019

Background

Although home telemonitoring (TM) is a promising approach for patients managing their chronic disease, rehabilitation using home TM has not been tested for use with individuals living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) residing in underserved communities.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze qualitative data from focus groups with key stakeholders to ensure the acceptability and usability of the TM COPD intervention.

Methods

We utilized a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to adapt a home TM COPD intervention to facilitate acceptability and feasibility in low-income African American and Hispanic patients. The study engaged community stakeholders in the process of modifying the intervention in the context of 2 community advisory board meetings. Discussions were audio recorded and professionally transcribed and lasted approximately 2 hours each. Structural coding was used to mark responses to topical questions in interview guides.

Results

We describe herein the formative process of a CBPR study aimed at optimizing telehealth utilization among African American and Latino patients with COPD from underserved communities. A total of 5 major themes emerged from qualitative analyses of community discussions: equipment changes, recruitment process, study logistics, self-efficacy, and access. The identification of themes was instrumental in understanding the concerns of patients and other stakeholders in adapting the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) home intervention for acceptability for patients with COPD from underserved communities.

Conclusions

These findings identify important adaptation recommendations from the stakeholder perspective that should be considered when implementing in-home PR via TM for underserved COPD patients.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03007485; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03007485
Adverse Events Due to Insomnia Drugs Reported in a Regulatory Database and Online Patient Reviews: Comparative Study
Authors: Borchert Jill S , Wang Bo , Ramzanali Muzaina , Stein Amy B , Malaiyandi Latha M , Dineley Kirk E
Published: September 2019

Background

Patient online drug reviews are a resource for other patients seeking information about the practical benefits and drawbacks of drug therapies. Patient reviews may also serve as a source of postmarketing safety data that are more user-friendly than regulatory databases. However, the reliability of online reviews has been questioned, because they do not undergo professional review and lack means of verification.

Objective

We evaluated online reviews of hypnotic medications, because they are commonly used and their therapeutic efficacy is particularly amenable to patient self-evaluation. Our primary objective was to compare the types and frequencies of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) with analogous information in patient reviews on the consumer health website Drugs.com. The secondary objectives were to describe patient reports of efficacy and adverse events and assess the influence of medication cost, effectiveness, and adverse events on user ratings of hypnotic medications.

Methods

Patient ratings and narratives were retrieved from 1407 reviews on Drugs.com between February 2007 and March 2018 for eszopiclone, ramelteon, suvorexant, zaleplon, and zolpidem. Reviews were coded to preferred terms in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. These reviews were compared to 5916 cases in the FAERS database from January 2015 to September 2017.

Results

Similar adverse events were reported to both Drugs.com and FAERS. Both resources identified a lack of efficacy as a common complaint for all five drugs. Both resources revealed that amnesia commonly occurs with eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem, while nightmares commonly occur with suvorexant. Compared to FAERS, online reviews of zolpidem reported a much higher frequency of amnesia and partial sleep activities. User ratings were highest for zolpidem and lowest for suvorexant. Statistical analyses showed that patient ratings are influenced by considerations of efficacy and adverse events, while drug cost is unimportant.

Conclusions

For hypnotic medications, online patient reviews and FAERS emphasized similar adverse events. Online reviewers rated drugs based on perception of efficacy and adverse events. We conclude that online patient reviews of hypnotics are a valid source that can supplement traditional adverse event reporting systems.
Four Dissemination Pathways for a Social Media–Based Breastfeeding Campaign: Evaluation of the Impact on Key Performance Indicators
Authors: Harding Kassandra , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Carroll Grace , Aryeetey Richmond , Lasisi Opeyemi
Published: September 2019

Background

Social media utilization is on the rise globally, and the potential of social media for health behavior campaigns is widely recognized. However, as the landscape of social media evolves, so do techniques used to optimize campaign dissemination.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 4 material dissemination paths for a breastfeeding social media marketing campaign in Ghana on exposure and engagement with campaign material.

Methods

Campaign materials (n=60) were posted to a Facebook and Twitter campaign page over 12 weeks (ie, baseline). The top 40 performing materials were randomized to 1 of 4 redissemination arms (control simply posted on each platform, key influencers, random influencers, and paid advertisements). Key performance indicator data (ie, exposure and engagement) were extracted from both Facebook and Twitter 2 days after the material was posted. A difference-in-difference model was used to examine the impact of the dissemination paths on performance.

Results

At baseline, campaign materials received an average (SD) exposure of 1178 (670) on Facebook and 1071 (905) on Twitter (n=60). On Facebook, materials posted with paid advertisements had significantly higher exposure and engagement compared with the control arm (P<.001), and performance of materials shared by either type of influencer did not differ significantly from the control arm. No differences in Twitter performance were detected across arms.

Conclusions

Paid advertisements are an effective mechanism to increase exposure and engagement of campaign posts on Facebook, which was achieved at a low cost.
Mining Hidden Knowledge About Illegal Compensation for Occupational Injury: Topic Model Approach
Authors: Min Jin-Young , Song Sung-Hee , Kim HyeJin , Min Kyoung-Bok
Published: September 2019

Background

Although injured employees are legally covered by workers’ compensation insurance in South Korea, some employers make agreements to prevent the injured employees from claiming their compensation. Thus, this leads to underreporting of occupational injury statistics. Illegal compensation (called gong-sang in Korean) is a critical method used to underreport or cover-up occupational injuries. However, gong-sang is not counted in the official occupational injury statistics; therefore, we cannot identify gong-sang–related issues.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze social media data using topic modeling to explore hidden knowledge about illegal compensation—gong-sang—for occupational injury in South Korea.

Methods

We collected 2210 documents from social media data by filtering the keyword, gong-sang. The study period was between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2017. After completing natural language processing of the Korean language, a morphological analyzer, we performed topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) in the Python library, Gensim. A 10-topic model was selected and run with 3000 Gibbs sampling iterations to fit the model.

Results

The LDA model was used to classify gong-sang–related documents into 4 categories from a total of 10 topics. Topic 1 was the greatest concern (60.5%). Workers who suffered from industrial accidents seemed to be worried about illegal compensation and legal insurance claims, wherein keywords on the choice between illegal compensation and legal insurance claims were included. In topic 2, keywords were associated with claims for industrial accident insurance benefits. Topics 3 and 4, as the second highest concern (19%), contained keywords implying the monetary compensation of gong-sang. Topics 5 to 10 included keywords on vulnerable jobs (ie, workers in the construction and defense industry, delivery riders, and foreign workers) and body parts (ie, injuries to the hands, face, teeth, lower limbs, and back) to gong-sang.

Conclusions

We explored hidden knowledge to identify the salient issues surrounding gong-sang using the LDA model. These topics may provide valuable information to ensure the more efficient operation of South Korea’s occupational health and safety administration and protect vulnerable workers from illegal gong-sang compensation practices.
Digital Health Transformation of Integrated Care in Europe: Overarching Analysis of 17 Integrated Care Programs
Authors: Baltaxe Erik , Czypionka Thomas , Kraus Markus , Reiss Miriam , Askildsen Jan Erik , Grenkovic Renata , Lindén Tord Skogedal , Pitter János György , Rutten-van Molken Maureen , Solans Oscar , Stokes Jonathan , Struckmann Verena , Roca Josep , Cano Isaac
Published: September 2019

Background

Digital health tools comprise a wide range of technologies to support health processes. The potential of these technologies to effectively support health care transformation is widely accepted. However, wide scale implementation is uneven among countries and regions. Identification of common factors facilitating and hampering the implementation process may be useful for future policy recommendations.

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of digital health tools to support health care and social care services, as well as to facilitate the longitudinal assessment of these services, in 17 selected integrated chronic care (ICC) programs from 8 European countries.

Methods

A program analysis based on thick descriptions—including document examinations and semistructured interviews with relevant stakeholders—of ICC programs in Austria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom was performed. A total of 233 stakeholders (ie, professionals, providers, patients, carers, and policymakers) were interviewed from November 2014 to September 2016. The overarching analysis focused on the use of digital health tools and program assessment strategies.

Results

Supporting digital health tools are implemented in all countries, but different levels of maturity were observed among the programs. Only few ICC programs have well-established strategies for a comprehensive longitudinal assessment. There is a strong relationship between maturity of digital health and proper evaluation strategies of integrated care.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding the heterogeneity of the results across countries, most programs aim to evolve toward a digital transformation of integrated care, including implementation of comprehensive assessment strategies. It is widely accepted that the evolution of digital health tools alongside clear policies toward their adoption will facilitate regional uptake and scale-up of services with embedded digital health tools.
Mining Hidden Knowledge About Illegal Compensation for Occupational Injury: Topic Model Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Min Jin-Young , Song Sung-Hee , Kim HyeJin , Min Kyoung-Bok
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Although injured employees are legally covered by workers’ compensation insurance in South Korea, some employers make agreements to prevent the injured employees from claiming their compensation. Thus, this leads to underreporting of occupational injury statistics. Illegal compensation (called gong-sang in Korean) is a critical method used to underreport or cover-up occupational injuries. However, gong-sang is not counted in the official occupational injury statistics; therefore, we cannot identify gong-sang–related issues.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze social media data using topic modeling to explore hidden knowledge about illegal compensation—gong-sang—for occupational injury in South Korea.

METHODS

We collected 2210 documents from social media data by filtering the keyword, gong-sang. The study period was between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2017. After completing natural language processing of the Korean language, a morphological analyzer, we performed topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) in the Python library, Gensim. A 10-topic model was selected and run with 3000 Gibbs sampling iterations to fit the model.

RESULTS

The LDA model was used to classify gong-sang–related documents into 4 categories from a total of 10 topics. Topic 1 was the greatest concern (60.5%). Workers who suffered from industrial accidents seemed to be worried about illegal compensation and legal insurance claims, wherein keywords on the choice between illegal compensation and legal insurance claims were included. In topic 2, keywords were associated with claims for industrial accident insurance benefits. Topics 3 and 4, as the second highest concern (19%), contained keywords implying the monetary compensation of gong-sang. Topics 5 to 10 included keywords on vulnerable jobs (ie, workers in the construction and defense industry, delivery riders, and foreign workers) and body parts (ie, injuries to the hands, face, teeth, lower limbs, and back) to gong-sang.

CONCLUSIONS

We explored hidden knowledge to identify the salient issues surrounding gong-sang using the LDA model. These topics may provide valuable information to ensure the more efficient operation of South Korea’s occupational health and safety administration and protect vulnerable workers from illegal gong-sang compensation practices.
Health Effects Associated With Electronic Cigarette Use: Automated Mining of Online Forums (Preprint)
Authors: Hua My , Sadah Shouq , Hristidis Vagelis , Talbot Prue
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Our previous infodemiological study was performed by manually mining health-effect data associated with electronic cigarettes (ECs) from online forums. Manual mining is time consuming and limits the number of posts that can be retrieved.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal in this study was to automatically extract and analyze a large number (>41,000) of online forum posts related to the health effects associated with EC use between 2008 and 2015.

METHODS

Data were annotated with medical concepts from the Unified Medical Language System using a modified version of the MetaMap tool. Of over 1.4 million posts, 41,216 were used to analyze symptoms (undiagnosed conditions) and disorders (physician-diagnosed terminology) associated with EC use. For each post, sentiment (positive, negative, and neutral) was also assigned.

RESULTS

Symptom and disorder data were categorized into 12 organ systems or anatomical regions. Most posts on symptoms and disorders contained negative sentiment, and affected systems were similar across all years. Health effects were reported most often in the neurological, mouth and throat, and respiratory systems. The most frequently reported symptoms and disorders were headache (n=939), coughing (n=852), malaise (n=468), asthma (n=916), dehydration (n=803), and pharyngitis (n=565). In addition, users often reported linked symptoms (eg, coughing and headache).

CONCLUSIONS

Online forums are a valuable repository of data that can be used to identify positive and negative health effects associated with EC use. By automating extraction of online information, we obtained more data than in our prior study, identified new symptoms and disorders associated with EC use, determined which systems are most frequently adversely affected, identified specific symptoms and disorders most commonly reported, and tracked health effects over 7 years.
Descomposición de residuos de Saccharum officinarum L. y su efecto fertilizante en Raphanus sativus L.
Authors: Vélez-Lozano Jorge , Burbano-Orjuela Hernán , Navia E. Jorge Fernando , Gómez L. Eyder Daniel
Published: September 2019

La agroindustria panelera genera una alta carga contaminante representada por líquidos, gases y sólidos. Entre los residuos sólidos, el bagazo de caña es el que genera más impacto porque es vertido directamente a quebradas, desencadenando serios conflictos de orden ambiental, social y económico. El objetivo del trabajo fue obtener abonos orgánicos, a partir de residuos de caña panelera con la adición de caldos microbianos enriquecidos con fertilizantes. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos que incluían, compost, caldo microbiano, adiciones de nitrógeno, fósforo y un testigo bajo el Diseño Completamente al Azar con tres repeticiones. Del abono orgánico se determinaron variables físicas y químicas y el efecto fertilizante en plantas de Raphanus sativus L. La aplicación del caldo microbiano sobre los residuos sólidos de caña panelera permite obtener un abono orgánico de buen contenido de materia orgánica, de nitrógeno, de fósforo, de potasio, de calcio y de magnesio. Con la aplicación del abono orgánico enriquecido, en dosis de 2 y 4 t/ha-1, se consiguió una mayor longitud de la parte aérea de R. sativus, lo cual se tradujo en mayor peso de la parte aérea y de la parte radical.
Less Subjectivity in Setting Cut Scores: A Novel Approach
Authors: Atanas Jean Pierre
Published: September 2019

Recently, standard-setting cut scores and assessment techniques became of major concerns for many organizational institutions worldwide. A cut score separates one performance level from another. It differentiates between those who pass and those who fail. They may vary according to the recommendations of policy makers and stakeholders. Passing scores were suggested by many methods on numerous types of tests: certification tests and educational tests. Most of these standard setting methods rely on panelistsâ€™ subjectivity in ordering items by level of difficulty. This paper presents a simple approach to assessments by minimizing considerably panelistsâ€™ subjectivity. Items are classified in levels of difficulties rather than in an increasing order in most of the standard methods. This novel approach respond to three main criteria: practicality, wide range of applicability and maximum agreement with the empirical data. Provisional and operational cut scores were derived and discussed.
Reaching a Consensus in Multi-Agent Systems: A Time Invariant Nonlinear Rule
Authors: Saburov Mansoor
Published: September 2019

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have attracted more and more interest in recent years. Most researches in the study of discrete-time MAS, presented in the past few years, have considered linear cooperative rules. However, local interactions between agents are more likely to be governed by nonlinear rules. In this paper, we investigate the consensus of discrete-time MAS with time invariant nonlinear cooperative rules. Based on our presented nonlinear model, we show a consensus in the discrete-time MAS. Our model generalizes a classical time invariant De Groot model. It seems that, unlike a linear case, a consensus can be easily achieved a nonlinear case.
Distribution of histopathological types of thyroid tumors in 1999-2015 compared to 1966-1988 year period
Authors: Makazlieva Tanja , Vaskova Olivija , Nikolovska Aleksandra , Stefanovska Vesna
Published: September 2019

Background: The most common thyroid tumors originate from the epithelial follicular cells. Etiology involved in the development of thyroid carcinoma is multifactorial, including external influences and genetic predisposition. Aim: The objective of our study was to analyze the distribution of the histopathological types of thyroid carcinoma during 1999- 2015 year period, to evaluate papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma ratio and to compare thyroid carcinoma types with the data from prior epidemiological study referring to the period from 1966 -1988. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed. The trend for thyroid carcinoma cases was evaluated in the time period of 50 years. Percentages of different histopathological types of thyroid carcinoma were presented and papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma ratio was calculated for the two evaluated periods. Results: A total number of 422 thyroid carcinoma patients were diagnosed in the 1999-2015 year period vs. 323 patients in the period from 1966-1988. Analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in histopathological types of thyroid carcinoma during 1999-2015 year period, but statistically significant difference was detected between the two analyzed periods with a significant increase of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma ratio (from 3.1 to 7.3), and a significant reduction of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas cases in the more recent evaluated period (1999-2015). Conclusion: The analysis of the fifty-year-period in population of North Macedonia showed an increase in number of thyroid carcinoma cases, especially papillary and reduction of follicular thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas cases. Further, genetic profiling studies could be useful in evaluating possible mechanisms behind this shift in histopathology of the thyroid carcinomas.
Association of a large vulvar tumor in a in a young premenopausal woman with recurrent pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breasts
Authors: Knickerbocker Angelica , Timmons Douglas , Tjendra Youley , Garzon Simone , Carugno Jose
Published: September 2019

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a benign proliferative lesion of the breast tissue that typically affects women in the reproductive age. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia usually presents as a localized, painless, firm mass or as a diffuse thickened area of the breast. Rarely, it can arise along the embryonic milk line, up to the anogenital region, where it simulates angiosarcomas. Awareness of this uncommon condition is important in order to avoid unnecessary aggressive excisional surgical procedures. For this purpose, we present a case of nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia arising in the vulva in a patient with recurrent pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast.
Ontological and epistemological assumptions of theories of understanding others
Authors: Prelevic Dusko
Published: September 2019

In the last few decades, an intensive debate concerning how we understand
others has been conducted and, relating to this, different solutions were
proposed. All these solutions are aimed at providing a complete explanation of
the cases in which we typically hold that we do understand others or at
least aim to explain why sometimes we make mistakes when we try to do that. In
this paper, ontological and epistemological assumptions of the theory-theory
and the simulation theory are assessed in order to clarify the whole debate.
Special attention is paid to the notion of understanding embedded in both
theories.
Cannabinoids: In search for an explanation
Authors: Zoric Aleksandra
Published: September 2019

Although cannabis has been used for thousands of years for medical and
recreational purposes, the debate on its introduction as a medical product
has only recently begun. That discussion was preceded by the discovery and
explanation of the active components in cannabis on the one hand, and the
discovery of the endocannabinoid system in mammals on the other. Numerous
studies over the past thirty years have focused on their further
examination, and scarce clinical studies show the beneficial effects of
cannabis on the wide spectrum of diseases. The question is why, thirty years
after the discovery of the endocannabinoid system and the CB1 and CB2
receptors, as well as the positive results in cannabis administration in a
wide range of diseases, extensive clinical studies and relevant explanations
are still lacking. On the other hand, one may wonder if something important
is being denied to patients who might find cannabis use beneficial?
Therefore, it is important to analyze several different problems. What is
the subject of the dispute, and which cannabis derivatives are allowed? Why
do we not have relevant clinical studies, that is, all of those are of a
very limited extent? How are clinical studies conducted? To whom are these
derivatives intended and are there ethical dilemmas regarding their use?
Akuntasni Sektor Publik dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Daerah
Authors: Witono Banu
Published: September 2019

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Review Atas Earning Manajemen dan Implikasinya dalam Standar Setting
Authors: Suyatmin Suyatmin , Suwarno Agus Endro
Published: September 2019

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Aplikasi Regresi Berganda dalam Pengendalian Biaya
Authors: Witono Banu
Published: September 2019

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Balanced Scorecard Sebagai Sistem Manajemen Strategi
Authors: Sugiyanto Eko
Published: September 2019

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Ekuivalensi Pendekatan Capital Cash Flow dan Free Cash Flow dalam Risky Cash Flow
Authors: Susila Ihwan
Published: September 2019

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Analisis Perbedaan Pengaturan Laba (Earning Management) pada Kondisi Laba dan Rugi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di indonesia
Authors: Kusumawati Astri Arfani Nur , Sasongko Noer
Published: September 2019

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