bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fertility knowledge, care seeking behavioral pattern and attitudes of infertile men in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Enwuru Christian A. , Iwalokun Bamidele , Enwuru Veronica N. , Oparaugo Chinedum T. , Ezechi Oliver , Oluwadun Afolabi
Published: February 2020

Background: The objective was to study the extent of infertility knowledge, attitude and care seeking behavioral pattern of infertile men in Lagos.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out using questionnaire between 2009 and 2014. Adult males who were clinically infertile, visiting the clinics for the first time and consented were studied. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis.Results: Only 226 men, mean age 38±5.8 years participated. Up to 20.8% had sired a child for between >1 but <2, 20.4% for 2-5 and 58.8% for ≥6 years. Couples had coitus for once and >3 times (mean coitus 2.3±0.9 times) weekly. Only 11.1% knew about male-female factor infertility. Up to 42.9% knew about fertility and the sign of female ovulation and 38.1% correctly defined clinical infertility. Up to 40.3% switched treatment for competency of the new places and exorbitant price by 22.1%. Sixty-six (29.2%) made the first visit to a proper care place within a period >1 but <2 years, 45.1% within 2-3 years and 25.7% waited for >3 years. Majority (50 %) sought to know the causes of infertility, 14.6% how to improve fertility and 6.6% the reality of male infertility.Conclusions: Majority of the participants sought inappropriate help and delayed in seeking appropriate care. Poor collaboration and referral system observed. There is need for edification of both care providers and seekers to be ethical in their actions. Infertility care cost intervention is needed.
Histogenesis of human fetal liver from 12 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation
Authors: Ch. Farhat Subhaana , Talapala Venkata Ramani , Seethamsetty Saritha
Published: February 2020

Background: Fetal human liver developmental morphology is very important for diagnosis of congenital anomalies. The development of human liver is an ongoing process which begins after fertilization and continues into post-natal life. Liver is one of the organs of gastrointestinal tract having both exocrine and endocrine functions and capable of regeneration. Not only adult liver, the fetal liver is also an important organ with Haemopoietic functions. Pediatric liver transplants accounting for 10-15% of all liver transplants worldwide occur due to congenital defects.Methods: The study is conducted on 50 livers procured from 50 aborted fetuses (34 males and 16 females) ranging from 12 to 36 weeks of gestation .After confirming their age through CRL they were grouped. Then processed to form sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and seen under light microscope.Results: Histogenesis and development of human liver in prenatal period was observed under the microscope at various gestational age groups which was confirmed with lobular pattern, portal triad structures ,central vein and sinusoids showing fetal haemopoietic function which regress towards the term.Conclusions: The present study gave emphasis on all physical parameters and a detail histogenesis and development of human liver in prenatal period from 12 to 36 weeks of gestation. This work agreed with previous studies.
Helicobacter pylori infection among type 2 diabetics: a case control study
Authors: Muhammad Amir Hafiz Qazi , Ikram Omaila , Zia Muhammad Tayyab , Theba Fareha Kashan , Ikram Naila , Tariq Anas
Published: February 2020

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with hyperglycemia among type 2 diabetics. The objective of this study was to compare the H. pylori infection frequency in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: This case-control study was done at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019. After written and informed consent, patients between 18-75 years with epigastric burning, dyspepsia, regurgitation were included and with history of eradication therapy, antibiotic or NSAID use in the last 6 months or surgery of upper GI tract months were excluded. Type 2 diabetics were placed in one group and non-diabetic individuals in another. Both groups were compared for presence of H. pylori infection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Demographic variables included age, gender and status of H. pylori infection. Quantitative data was expressed as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to test for significance keeping p-value of <0.05 statistically significant.Results: From 480 patients, 355 patients showed positive H. pylori, among them 282 were diabetic and 73 non-diabetic (p-value <0.001). Amongst the 355 diabetics, 55% were male Among 73 non-diabetics, 64% were male. All the patients in the study had dyspeptic symptoms and complained of dyspepsia, epigastric burning and regurgitation.Conclusions: A substantial relationship between H. pylori infection among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was observed compared to non-diabetics. As a result, diabetic patients having active dyspeptic symptoms should undergo further confirmatory tests for diagnosing H. pylori infection.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery - do our undergraduate medical students have adequate awareness about it? Can we do something to improve their exposure, knowledge and interest in it?
Authors: Durairaj Alagar Raja , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Natarajan Praveen Ganesh , Darapureddy Shruti Ravali
Published: February 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the awareness levels about plastic surgery among medical students and to formulate appropriate teaching modules for undergraduate students to introduce and educate them about various plastic surgical procedures.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was done to assess awareness about procedures done under plastic surgery among medical students from second through final year. Collected data were statistically analyzed. The results were used to propose changes in teaching modules to medical students.Results: There is not much awareness about plastic surgery as a specialty amongst medical students. Plastic surgery is mostly perceived as cosmetic surgery, and the other procedures done under plastic surgery is not associated with the speciality by the medical students. Of all the clinical conditions given to the participants, there was not a single clinical condition where the respondents favoured undisputedly for plastic surgeons.Conclusions: Plastic surgery as a specialty is poorly understood by our undergraduate medical students so authors conclude there is lack of awareness, knowledge and disposition about plastic surgical procedures among them. Based on the report’s authors have formulated teaching and practical modules like enrichment courses, value added education, co-curricular activities and introduction to social media platforms related to plastic surgery for creating better awareness and knowledge among undergraduate medical students about plastic surgery.
Knowledge, attitude and practices among parents of asthmatic children in Rajasthan: a hospital based descriptive observational study
Authors: Vaishnav Prerna , Ameta Gaurav
Published: February 2020

Background: Asthma is chronic inflammatory disorder associated with variable airflow obstruction and bronchial hyper responsiveness with different phenotypes. The objective of this study was to study the knowledge, attitude and practices among parents of Asthmatic children.Methods: It was a prospective observational study, conducted at Fortis Hospital Jaipur, from April 2016 to March 2018. All Asthmatic children fulfilling inclusion were included, 120 children were studied. A detailed interview of all the children/parents was conducted by pre-validated KAP questionnaire. Subjects were labelled as Bronchial Asthma in children above 5 years of age on the basis of symptoms and measurement of Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) both baseline and post bronchodilator by PEF meter and in children less than 5 years of age by clinical symptoms, family history and response to bronchodilator according to GINA guidelines. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA test and Chi-square test.Results: In this study 26.4% parents were ignorant about etiology, 32% believed it to be allergy and 39.62% believed it to be hereditary. 1.9% had misconception of contagious. 68% parents know that their child have asthma while 32% parents did not know. Majority (52.1%) attributed it to cold air and rainy season followed by Dust mite and pollution in (42%).Conclusions: Knowledge about Asthma has improved over last few decades but still needs replenishment. Knowledge gap between recommended and actual practices, lack of adherence to aerosol therapy and fear of medication side-effects still persists. Parental education is important part of management of Asthma.
An evaluation of tuberculosis surveillance system in a health district in Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Naziru T. , Bawa Salifu , Adgei Michael R. , Appiah Paulina , Gladzah Annick , Barima Moses D. , Yawson Alfred E.
Published: February 2020

Background: Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem. It is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In Africa, there were estimated 2.7 million new cases of tuberculosis and 450 thousand deaths in 2014. In Ghana, incidence rate of TB was estimated to be 152 per 100,000 populations in 2017 according to the WHO estimates. We evaluated a health district (Ejisu-Juaben) Tuberculosis surveillance system to describe its operations, attributes, determine its usefulness and whether its objectives were being met.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems and the Ghana Health Service Standard Operating Procedures for priority diseases and conditions (2012). Study participants who were purposively sampled were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaires and dataset from January 2016 to December 2018 were reviewed at various levels of the surveillance system. Data was collected and analyzed with Epi Info 7.2 between 1st February, 2019 and 30th April, 2019.Results: The surveillance system was useful and partially met its objectives and targets. It was well structured, simple, stable, flexible and of good data quality. It was also averagely acceptable and representative. However, it recorded poor sensitivity of 15.12% and poor predictive value positive (PVP) of 12.27% in 2018. The yearly total cost of operation of the TB surveillance system was ¢79,950.76 ($16,316.44 USD).Conclusions:The surveillance system was useful and met its objectives partially. The sensitivity, PVP, acceptability and representativeness need improvement in order to justify its relevance.
Assessment of effect of osteoarthritis of knee on the activities of daily living and treatment seeking behaviour of patients at Kalaburagi, Gulbarga city of Karnataka
Authors: Reshmi Panchasheela S. , Bhavsar Sudip V.
Published: February 2020

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of disability in most of the countries. It is the most frequent joint disease with a prevalence of 22% to 39% in India. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of OA of knee on activities of daily living using Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and treatment seeking behaviour of patient with OA of knee.Methods: Convenience sampling was used to find out patients of OA from 15th April to 1st June 2016 with cross-section type of study design. Data was collected and analyzed using MS Excel 2000.Results: In this study 16% of participants in underweight category and 79% participants in overweight category reported moderate to very severe pain on visual analogue score (VAS). Treatment seeking behaviour was quite poor in lower socio-economic class (SEC) as compared to upper SEC. 20.34% participants had extreme pain while walking. 9.74% participants experienced extreme level of morning stiffness while 18.72% had extreme difficulty while ascending stairs. 14.87% experienced extreme difficulty during getting standing position from sitting position.Conclusions: Moderate to severe pain on VAS was more common in overweight group compared to underweight group. Treatment seeking behaviour was quite poor in lower SEC as compared to upper SEC. 20.34% participants had extreme pain while walking. 14.87% experienced extreme difficulty during getting standing position from sitting position.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards mental health illnesses in an urban community in West Bengal: a community based study
Authors: Bagchi Abantika , Sarkar Paramita , Basu Rivu
Published: February 2020

Background: Mental illness is a significant challenge and becoming more relevant in today’s fast paced world. According to WHO, mental health is “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge about mental illness and attitude and practice of the public toward people with mental illness.  Methods: An observational, descriptive study with cross-sectional design was done among 200 adults of Bagh bazar slum, urban field practice area of department of Community Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India in May 2019 with a predesigned, pretested schedule.Results: Only 2.5% says that they are willing to live with a people with mental illness and only 1% has actually done so. Health-care seeking behavior shows that 54.5% will go to a general practitioner in case of any mental illness though only 2.5% believed that people with severe mental illness can fully recover.  Attitude toward mental illness showed mixed picture as also in knowledge.Conclusions: Health education and public awareness regarding mental illness can decrease the stigma, prejudice; discrimination attached with it and improves help-seeking behaviour of the community. This study provides insights into the cognitive and affective aspect of mental illness among adult population of the study area. It will also help in implementing better policies for increasing public awareness regarding mental illness.
Cechy świętości prezbitera w świetle adhortacji apostolskiej Gaudete et exsultate papieża Franciszka
Authors: Polak Mieczysław
Published: February 2020

Jednym z ważnych tematów, który został podjęty na II Soborze Watykańskim, była posługa i życie prezbitera. To nauczanie znalazło recepcję i rozwinięcie w wielu wypowiedziach posoborowych papieży. Ukazują one zarówno istotę bycia kapłanem, jak i uwarunkowania jego posługi we współczesnym świecie. Z tych dwóch przesłanek – ontologicznej i kairologicznej – można wyprowadzić wnioski, które dotyczą pastoralnej posługi kapłana. Jednym z nich jest stwierdzenie, że działalność kapłana powinna wypływać z określonej duchowości. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje próbę przedstawienia charakterystycznych cech duchowości współczesnego prezbitera w świetle posoborowego nauczania Kościoła, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem adhortacji apostolskiej papieża Franciszka Gaudete et exsultate o powołaniu do świętości we współczesnym świecie. Te cechy to: pastoralny charakter świętości, radość oraz miłosierdzie.
Algal Biomass to Bio-Energy: Recent Advances
Authors: Kumar Suresh
Published: February 2020

The crops, grasses, trees, algae and cyano-bacteria in the presence of sun perform photosynthesis and store chemical energy in a wide range of feed stocks such as starch, sugars and lipids that can be used for the production of biofuels. The crop plants such as sugar cane, oil palm, sugar beet, rapeseed soyabeans, wheat and corn are extensively used for the production of biofuels such as ethanol, diesel and methane. Due to increasing world population and extensive droughts in major regions pressure on food supplies has resulted in growing concern and has led to a heated food versus fuel debate. Biofuel systems that do not require arable land is developed and these include lingo cellulosic processes which convert cellulose-based products from plants into liquid fuels. Myscanthus, Camelina, Switchgrass, Sorghum, and Poplar trees are some of good source of biofuel at present. The success of these systems is depend on research and development of energy-efficient manufacturing processes, typically enzymatic lignin digestion processes, although chemical digestion methods are also under investigation. Due to demand for large amounts of enzyme appears to be as mountable challenge, ultimately this technology might also contribute to food versus fuel concerns because of its dependence on forest. This in turn could lead to a forest versus fuel issue, unless waste products from agricultural and forestry systems are exclusively used, or feed stocks produced on non-arable land can be developed. Although these crops can be grown on non-arable land, their productivity remains linked to soil fertility and water supply, and the scale of cultivation required to make a meaningful contribution towards global energy consumption will inevitably require lands that are currently used for food production or forestry. Many micro algae can be grown in saline water and are able to produce a wide range of feed stocks for the production of biofuels, including biodiesel, methane, ethanol, butanol and hydrogen, based on their efficient production of starch, sugars and oils.
Prevalence and Determinants of Fatigue among Private High School Students in Bogor Tengah Sub-District, Indonesia, 2016
Authors: Rachmat Basuki , Susilowati Andi
Published: February 2020

Background: Student performance determines learning achievement and how students absorb lessons in class. One of the factors that cause student performance to decline is physical fatigue, which arises because of the classroom’s physical environment that does not support the teaching and learning process. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between classroom’s physical environmental conditions and fatigue among high school students. Methods: The study design used was cross-sectional. Data collection included measurements of physical environmental parameters (humidity, temperature, lighting, noise, air flow, ventilation, temperature control, room capacity, room area ratio per person, and school location) and measurements of fatigue among students using the Subjective Self Rating Test in the form of questionnaire. Total sample was 448 students in 10 private high schools, with inclusion criteria: the students are not sick in the last two weeks and 10th and 11th grade students from 10 private high schools. Results: The research showed classroom’s physical environmental factors that affect fatigue among student’s included temperature, relative humidity, air flow, and air conditioner. While the most dominant indicator that was related to the occurrence of students’ fatigue was sex. Conclusion: Further research is needed on other factors that may cause fatigue among students in the classroom to support the conclusion of this research.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation and their Potential Risk on the Brain: A Review
Authors: Salhi Ghofrane Cherkaoui , Filali Houda
Published: February 2020

The brain is considered as one of the most radioresistant organ in the body. However, more and more studies start to question this resistance. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the current available data regarding the impact of ionizing radiation on the brain with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies.
SISTEMAS DE AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO EM DUAS IES DO PARANÁ
Authors: Rocha Adilson , Martinelli Baniski Gislaine
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os sistemas de avalição da qualidade no ensino superior adotados pelas Universidades Estaduais, Unioeste e Uepg. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, com características descritivas, tendo como fonte principal de evidências, documentos institucionais, e com aplicação da análise de conteúdo foi possível elaborar uma análise comparativa baseada no modelo proposto por Cunha (2011), o qual é constituído por cinco categorias, sendo: Qualidade da Instituição; Qualidade do Corpo Docente; Qualidade do Corpo Discente; Qualidade do Currículo; Práticas Pedagógicas; e Avaliação. A partir dos pressupostos elencados pelo modelo adotado, os aspectos inerentes as “práticas pedagógicas” e a “avaliação”, não estão contemplados pelos sistemas avaliativos implantados pelas IES. As evidências sugerem que ambos os sistemas apresentam características de avaliação baseada em modelos regulatórios, que buscam garantir o cumprimento das regras de funcionamento preestabelecidas para o sistema. A análise sugere ainda que ambos os sistemas não são convergentes com modelos de avaliação educativos ou formativos, pois são sistemas que não apresentam características com ênfase na análise qualitativa e não incentivam o envolvimento de todos os segmentos das instituições na construção e execução do processo.
Inequidades sociales en la salud materna
Authors: Eslava-Schmalbach Javier
Published: February 2020

Reflexionar sobre las inequidades sociales en salud como un término global asume de entrada dos grandes principios: el primero es que no se están incluyendo en la definición todas las desigualdades encontradas en salud sino sólo aquellas que adquieren el apelativo de ‘inequidades’, al ser desigualdades que son evitables, innecesarias e injustas.1 El segundo está relacionado con el apelativo de ‘sociales’, que al incluirlo de tal manera califica la inequidad como consecuencia o producto de situaciones que la sociedad puede evitar.2,3 De esta manera, el panorama de análisis se centra desde lo muy general, que serían las desigualdades en salud, hasta algo más específico como son las inequidades sociales en salud, en las que la sociedad, el tomador de decisiones y el sistema de seguridad social en salud tienen un gran nivel de responsabilidad.
Prevalencia de partos en la adolescencia y factores asociados en el Hospital Universitario de Santander, Bucaramanga (Colombia) 2006. Estudio de corte transversalI
Authors: Blanco-Gómez Argénida , Latorre-Latorre Fidel , Osma-Zambrano Sonia , Monturiol-Durán Ximena Juliana , Medina-Pabón Miguel Ángel , Quintero-Díaz Lina Marcela , Alfonso-Hernández Erlith Patricia
Published: February 2020

Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia es la gestación que ocurre entre los 10 y los 19 años de edad. En nuestro medio se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, evidenciándose en este estudio un aumento de la prevalencia hasta superar las cifras locales y nacionales.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de partos y los factores asociados en madres adolescentes que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS) durante el año 2006-2007.Metodología: estudio de corte transversal de 273 mujeres seleccionadas de forma aleatoria sistemática que presentaron parto vaginal o por cesárea, en el HUS desde julio de 2006 hasta julio de 2007. Se aplicó una encuesta, donde se incluyeron variables de interés, (sociodemográficas, familiares, psicológicas); se completó la información con la historia clínica y se analizaron en el programa Epi Info® 2000 y Stata® 8.0.Resultados: la prevalencia de partos fue de 31,14% (IC95% 25,8-37,0) en pacientes menores de 20 años. Los factores protectores fueron: tener preocupación por el futuro (OR = 0,5), inicio tardío de relaciones sexuales (OR = 0,51) y no recibir educación sexual por parte de los padres (OR = 0,3). Los factores de riesgo fueron: no planear el embarazo (OR = 2,35) y no planificar (OR = 2,35).Conclusiones: la prevalencia encontrada es muy superior a la hallada en otros estudios locales, nacionales e internacionales.
THE IMPACT OF LIVING CONDITIONS ON THE HEALTH OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE ZONE OF MILITARY CONFLICT
Authors: Ershova I. B. , Glushko Yulia V.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Preserving and restoring the health of children in difficult situations is one of the priority tasks of modern Pediatrics. Therefore, taking into account the characteristics of the health status of children in a prolonged stressful situation associated with a military conflict is extremely important for the full and timely assistance to this contingent. Purpose of the study To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the health status of 7-9 years old children living in the military conflict zone in the Donbas region. Materials and methods. We examined 234 children (of 7-9 years), of which 123 people living in the war zone in the Donbas region. A year after the outbreak of military conflict there was carried out an assessment of the health status of children, including an assessment of psycho-emotional status (methods adapted to primary school age), an analysis of medical documentation (forms 025/U-04 and No. 112/U) with an assessment of the incidence rate, physical development, as well as the study of the autonomic nervous system (methods A.M. Wayne, cardiointervalography). Results All children in the territory of the military conflict were established to have violations of the psycho-emotional and cognitive spheres, expressed in signs of post-stress disorder and maladaptation. There were revealed alterations in the vegetative status, an increase in the frequency of registration of somatic pathology, as well as a change in anthropometric and physiometric indices of physical development were revealed. Conclusion Identified violations in the state of health of children living in the zone of military conflict dictate the need for dynamic monitoring and rehabilitation measures with the integrated participation of medical, psychological, pedagogical and social specialists
FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS IN CHILDREN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Volynets Galina V.
Published: February 2020

The review presents various aspects of the clinic and diagnosis of familial intrahepatic cholestasis (FIC) in children, including such forms of liver pathology as progressive FIC (PFIC) types 1-5; PFIC associated with mutations in the MYO5B gene; non-progressive forms of intrahepatic cholestasis (benign recurrent IC, gestational IC, drug-induced cholestasis, hypophospholipid-associated cholelithiasis and liver cancer accompanied by cholestasis). The main methods for the diagnosis and treatment of cholestatic diseases in children are described. The feasibility of using full-exomic sequencing for the accurate diagnosis of HPV in children is shown.
MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG PATIENTS WITH MARFAN SYNDROME
Authors: Luneva Ekaterina B. , Malev E. G.
Published: February 2020

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary, autosomal disease with a relatively high prevalence in the general population. Numerous manifestations of Marfan syndrome are expressed in a wide range of disorders involving cardiovascular, ocular and musculoskeletal systems. The article describes the principles of management of the syndrome in children and adolescents. Clinical manifestations of the disease are evaluated in young patients of different age groups. There are presented data on the main medicines used in the therapy of Marfan syndrome, such as beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins. Relevant literature was searched using the databases PubMed, MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science. The article will be interesting to a wide range of specialists: pediatricians, cardiologists, general practitioners and other specialties
Producción de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) bajo invernadero: comparación entre tipos de pepino
Authors: Chacón-Padilla Karla , Monge-Pérez José Eladio
Published: February 2020

Se evaluaron tres tipos (largo, mediano y pequeño) de pepino, producidos bajo invernadero en condiciones hidropónicas en Alajuela, Costa Rica, para determinar su rendimiento y calidad, tanto a nivel cualitativo (presencia de espinas) como cuantitativo (ocho variables).  Los tres tipos de pepino iniciaron cosecha a los 31 días después del trasplante.  Los datos muestran una amplia variabilidad entre los tipos de pepino en cuanto a:  longitud (18,18 – 33,77 cm), diámetro (43,25 – 49,44 mm) y peso del fruto (232,63 – 463,98 g); número de frutos (18,83 – 37,94) y rendimiento por planta (7847,10 – 8715,74 g); rendimiento por área (20,38 – 22,64 kg/m2); y porcentaje de sólidos solubles totales (3,04 – 3,61 °Brix).  El mayor número total de frutos por planta (37,94) y el menor porcentaje de sólidos solubles totales (3,04 °Brix) se obtuvo con el pepino tipo pequeño, mientras que el menor número total de frutos por planta (18,83) y los frutos con el mayor peso (463,98 g) se obtuvieron con el pepino tipo largo.  No se presentaron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento total (20,38 – 22,64 kg/m2) ni comercial (16,52 – 18,18 kg/m2) entre los tres tipos de pepino; sin embargo, el rendimiento de frutos de primera calidad fue significativamente superior con los pepinos tipo pequeño y mediano (12,73 – 12,74 kg/m2), por lo que, desde un punto de vista económico, ambos tipos de pepino se consideran los más recomendables bajo las condiciones en que se desarrolló el ensayo.
Desperdicios de alimentos (DA) en sodas concesionadas de una Universidad Pública en Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas-Vargas Julián , Monge-Fernández Yanory , Fernández-Hidalgo Kateryn
Published: February 2020

Alrededor de 815 millones de personas padecen de hambre en el mundo y de estos 39 millones de personas sufren de este problema en América Latina y el Caribe. Cerca de un tercio de los alimentos producidos en el mundo se pierden o son desperdiciados. Según la FAO, estas cifras van en aumento, dejando en evidencia que el cambio climático, las malas prácticas en la agricultura y el desperdicio de alimentos pone en peligro la seguridad y la soberanía alimentaria. Por eso, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la pérdida y desperdicio de alimentos (PDA) con respecto a la producción diaria de alimentos, para la identificación de estrategias que minimicen o solucionen el PDA en las sodas del Campus Omar Dengo. Se midió el desperdicio de alimentos en las distintas sodas del Campus Omar Dengo de la Universidad, con una metodología estandarizada establecida por la Red Costarricense para la Disminución de Pérdida y Desperdicio de Alimentos y la iniciativa de SAVE FOOD®. Se obtuvo diferencias significativas en los valores de PDA generados por las sodas. Características como el tipo de población y las buenas prácticas en la cocina causan menos desperdicios de alimentos. Se concluye que se debe trabajar con los usuarios de las sodas mediante campañas de concientización sobre el tema de desperdicios para disminuir los porcentajes tan altos presentados en el área de devolución en platos.
The Impact of Chronic Ambient Exposure to PM2.5 and Ozone on Asthma Prevalence and COPD Mortality Rates in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Amiri Azita , Mahalingam Brinda , Derbes Anton , Haney Jordan , Alexander Susan , Orman Wafa Hakim
Published: February 2020

Respiratory diseases affect millions of people across the United States annually. Two of the most common respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Mortality rates due to COPD have increased by an estimated 30% between 1980 and 2014, with significant variances among geographic regions. Both acute and chronic ambient exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone have been associated with exacerbations of respiratory diseases in numerous studies, and exposure to air pollutants are considered as the largest health risk factor globally. This study adds to the current literature by reporting the results of a time series analysis of the impact of PM2.5 and ozone on prevalence rates of asthma and mortality rates for COPD at regional and county levels across the southeastern United States for the years 2005–2014. While general reductions in levels of PM2.5 and ozone were demonstrated across all years, a distributed lag model showed continued strong associations between PM2.5 and prevalence of asthma and mortality due to COPD, even at relatively small increases in ambient exposure (<1 μg/m3) across the southeastern United States. The results of the study support the need for additional research that considers factors such as patient demographics, medical histories, and health disparities in combination with ambient exposures to known pollutants.
Environmental Health Equity: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Dodd-Butera Teresa , Beaman Margaret , Brash Marissa
Published: February 2020

Public health practice and ethics address both individual and environmental health, in order to optimize the well-being of an entire population. Consideration of environmental health equity (EHE) is an evolving component of environmental ethics and public health, with evidence of disparities in exposure to vulnerable communities. Related terms for studying EHE include elements of justice, social determinants of health (SDOH), disparities, and environmental racism. The unequal protection from environmental exposures, specifically considering vulnerable and marginalized populations is significant to science, society, and health. Analyzing the environmental impact includes examining equity principles to assist policy and decision-making in the public arena, in order to address unfair burdens placed on vulnerable populations. However, the lack of a common and precise term for the idea makes it to instruct and evaluate the experiences of inequities in diverse populations. The purpose of this research is to use a concept analysis to examine the idea, utility, and conditions surrounding “EHE” for use in public health, nursing, environmental ethics, policy development, and interprofessional collaboration. A concept analysis will be conducted following the eight-step method developed by Walker and Avant (2011). Data sources will include empirical and descriptive literature; and the results will identify defining attributes of the concept. A set of operationalized standards for EHE is established through this concept analysis. This study proposes an examination of the concept in order to assess and evaluate the ethics and experiences in EHE, and determine how this impacts population health outcomes.
Comportamiento ingestivo diurno y desempeño productivo de corderos suplementados con semilla de algodón y maíz molido
Authors: Suárez Paternina Emiro Andrés , Maza Ángulo Libardo Alfonso , Barragán Hernández Wilsón Andrés , Patiño Pardo René Mauricio , Vergara Garay Oscar David , Aguayo Ulloa Lorena Angélica
Published: February 2020

El estudio del comportamiento ingestivo es importante para conocer el desempeño de los animales y es especialmente imprescindible cuando se evalúan diferentes regímenes de alimentación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la conducta ingestiva diurna y la respuesta productiva de corderos criollos suplementados con semilla de algodón (SA) y maíz molido (MM). Se emplearon 16 corderos criollos machos enteros con peso inicial de 16 ± 2 kg, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro tratamientos experimentales consistentes en: T0 = Pastoreo, T1 = Pastoreo + 25 % SA + 75 % MM, T2 = Pastoreo + 50 SA + 50 % MM y T3 = Pastoreo + 75% SA + 25 % MM. En los forrajes se determinó la composición nutricional y en los animales el consumo de materia seca a través de marcadores externos e internos, el comportamiento ingestivo y el desempeño productivo. El consumo de materia seca total presentó diferencias estadísticas (p < 0.05), con menor consumo para los animales del tratamiento control. Asimismo, se detectaron diferencias estadísticas (p < 0.05) entre los tratamientos para las actividades de pastoreo, rumia, consumo de agua y caminata para las variables número de bocados por minuto y total. El peso final y la ganancia de peso obtenida por los animales que recibieron suplementación fueron superiores en un 28.4 % y 50.3 %, respectivamente. La suplementación con SA y MM promovió un mayor consumo de nutrientes y, en consecuencia, mejoró el desempeño productivo de los corderos
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Petani dalam Pengelolaan Pupuk dan Pestisida Organik dari Tanaman Lokal di Desa Wolofeo Kecamatan Detusoko Kabupaten Ende
Authors: Puu Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga , Saga Agustinus J.P. Ana , Djata Baltasar Taruma , Mutiara Charly
Published: February 2020

Masyarakat di Desa Wolofeo Kecamatan Detusoko Kabupaten Ende menghadapi beberapa masalah pada proses budidaya tanaman, pemanfaatan BumDes dan pemasaran hasil pertanian. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat serta sebagai salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang harus ditempuh di Universitas Flores. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan selama satu bulan, melibatkan mahasiswa dari Fakultas Pertanian dan Ekonomi  sebanyak 20 orang . Metode yang dipakai yaitu penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Penyuluhan yang dilakukan yaitu tentang pola tanam, pupuk anorganik dan organik, hama dan penyakit tanaman, pengendalian hama dan penyakit secara terpadu, Bumdes dan pemasaran hasil pertanian. Sedangkan pelatihan yang dilakukan yaitu pembuatan pupuk organik, pestisida nabati, Mikro Organisme Lokal, perangkap hama lalat buah untuk tanaman cabai serta perangkap kuning untuk pengendalian hama kutu kebul. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat sebesar 23,18% dan keterampilan 27,46 %.
Measles Outbreak in Minnesota (2017): Roles of an Immunization Information System
Authors: Leeds Maureen , Muscoplat Miriam Halstead , Kuramoto Sydney , Roddy Margaret
Published: February 2020

The Minnesota Department of Health used its Immunization Information System—the Minnesota Immunization Information Connection—to respond to an outbreak of measles in the state in 2017 by assisting with the exclusion of unvaccinated exposed individuals from public activities, providing members of the public with their immunization records, and monitoring measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine uptake. Use of the Immunization Information System was found to be an efficient and sustainable tool in responding to the outbreak.
Surgical Outcomes of Subtotal Parathyroidectomy for Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kim Min Song , Kim Gheun-Ho , Lee Chang Hwa , Park Joon-Sung , Lee Ji Young , Tae Kyung
Published: February 2020

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of subtotal parathyroidectomy for patients with renal hyperparathyroidism.Methods. We studied 25 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism who underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy from October 2002 to October 2017. We analyzed serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, and inorganic phosphorus levels before and at multiple time points following surgery, and evaluated the surgical outcomes and complications.Results. Of the 25 patients, 13 (52%) were male and 12 (48%) were female, and the mean age was 53.4±9.3 years. The mean duration of dialysis before parathyroidectomy was 156.8±79.5 months. Mean preoperative serum iPTH and calcium levels were 1,199.0±571.3 pg/mL and 10.5±1.0 mg/dL, respectively. At 6 months postoperatively, the mean iPTH and calcium levels decreased to 49.2±47.6 pg/mL (P<0.01) and 8.0±1.0 mg/dL (P<0.01), respectively. Recurrent hyperparathyroidism occurred in two patients: one subsequently underwent kidney transplantation and the other continued hemodialysis and maintained normal calcium levels. One patient developed postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism.Conclusion. Subtotal parathyroidectomy is a safe and effective surgical treatment for renal hyperparathyroidism.
Masquelet Technique for Chest Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Taylor Benjamin C. , Zink Thomas , McGowan Sean
Published: February 2020

Case:

A 33-year-old man with recurrent intrathoracic scapular dislocation due to previous trauma-related chest wall resection successfully underwent the 2-stage induced membrane technique commonly known as the Masquelet technique; this procedure effectively created 2 new ribs that resolved his symptoms.

Conclusions:

Techniques for chest wall reconstruction for bone loss are quite limited, and these often consist of filling defects with a layered patch; this often cannot withstand the cyclical respiratory motion. Use of the induced membrane technique appears to carry potential when used in the chest wall, and this report describes a technique by which this procedure can be reliably performed.
ANALISIS KRITERIA PERSONAL BRANDING SELEBGRAM NON SELEBRITI (STUDI DESKRIPTIF KUALITATIF AKUN INSTAGRAM @LIPPIELUST)
Authors: Rachmawati Dita , Fithrah Ali Dini Salmiyah
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTSocial media nowadays has become tool of marketing and promotion of goods, services, and personallike Instagram. Being a celebgram should have a strong Personal Branding, has uniqueness, thedifference from other celebgram in order to have a long existence to be celebgram on social mediaInstagram. Rissa is a non-celebrity celebgram. Rissa’s known as an endorser for beauty project thisleap how to work together on a project professional with many brands in the country and abroad.Rissa became a celebgram with a very specific focus that is more beauty that leads to lipstick. This study analyze about how Personal Branding criteria non celebrity celebgram. The method used is descriptive qualitative with indicator  11  Authentic Personal Branding criterion according toRampersad. In this study, Rissa’s Personal Branding has a personality as which  is character, values,vision that suits personal ambition, moral code and behavior, consistent, focused on one field,acknowledged and experienced, unique, connected to the audience, owns good relationship withpartner work and always make self improvement in Instagram account @ lippielust.Keywords - Personal Branding, Social Media, Instagram, Celebgram, Rissa Stellar
A New Process for Commercial Extraction of Sulfur From Sour Gas
Authors: Reid Laurance S. , Townsend F. Mark
Published: February 2020

Gas Technology Symposium, 17–18 April, Shreveport, Louisiana

Introduction

Despite an apparent abundance of elemental sulfur at this time, a recent survey and forecast of sulfur supply and demand by Stanford Research Institute, reported in Chemical and Engineering News, indicates that reserves of Fraschsulfur may reach a peak and decline in the face of a rising demand for brimstone during the next decade. There is little doubt that economic pressure will dictate that sulfur be recovered from sources now considered uneconomical.

For example, consider the sweetening of sour natural gas as practiced by the petroleum industry. At present and for many years past, producers and transporters of natural gas have removed hydrogen sulfide by a variety of processes, notably water-amine, glycol-amine, phenolate, hot carbonate, iron sponge, etc. But sulfur is recovered from these acid gas streams only when it can be produced at rates of 10 tons per day or more by various modifications of the Claus process. As a result, a large volume of sour gas is processed daily in hundreds of small sweetening plants. The off-gases, containing hydrogen sulfide, are vented and burned, representing a substantial loss of a valuable, exhaustible resource. Obviously, improvement is a matter of economics made possible by a higher price for sulfur, or recovery process improvement, or a combination of both.

The purpose of this paper is to present a new process development for sweetening sour gas and for effecting simultaneous recovery of elemental sulfur. Based on a reaction mechanism discovered by F. M. Townsend, the process has been developed by the authors to the pilot plant stage and it is known as the "Townsend Process". This process has several notable features:Gas is sweetened and its sulfur compounds are converted to elemental sulfur in one step,the sweet residue gas is effectively dehydrated,the process is virtually insensitive to carbon dioxide,it appears to be adaptable to a complete range of H2S content regardless of whether gas sweetening or sulfur recovery is the prime objective, andit can replace the Claus process in converting off-gases from sweetening processes of various types, and it promises to be especially effective where the CO2 and/or heavier hydrocarbon content of such mixtures is excessively high.
Automatic Compressor Stations
Authors: Sampson E.N.
Published: February 2020

Gas Technology Symposium, 17–18 April, Shreveport, Louisiana

Automatic sequenced compressor units that are started by the push of a button are now in service; the next step will be automatically controlled units that don't even require the push! Actually, this step is almost here because the control system is designed that does not require a manually initiated starting signal or running control.

When reference is made to these different systems among gas and controls people, they know that a unit which can be properly started by actuation of a pushbutton or turning of a selector switch has "automatic sequence control". They know, too, that unit which automatically can be properly started by a set or predetermined condition occurring, but with no actuating of a pushbutton is considered to have "automatic control".

To date, the majority of controls in use or planned are of the" automatic sequence" variety. The question most often asked and the problem exciting most interest on these controls seems to be "How far away can I be to push this button to start this equipment and still have control?"

Cooper-Bessemer has approached this problem and the problems of automation with the basic question of "what does a sound control system consist of?" We have concluded that if we have a sound control system that will sequence the engine unit and the associated equipment properly and protect this equipment adequately, the answer to the question is "anywhere". Whether the initiating signal is at the equipment, in an engine room, at a control 200ft away, the next state, or a set condition becomes a matter of customer choice.

This control system should also be so flexible that a customer's desired sequence can be followed. The circuitry and components should be serviceable without requiring a 10-year apprenticeship for the service personnel to understand maintenance. With these ideas and a few others, the end product must most of all be competitive with present systems. Keeping these in mind, the design of the systems can be started.