bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usages et mésusages de la vertu dans le républicanisme contemporain
Authors: Duhamel Jérémie
Published: March 2015

Cet article explore le débat sur les vertus civiques engagé dans le sillage des travaux de Philip Pettit. À partir d’un examen critique des objections d’inspiration perfectionniste qui lui ont été opposées, il s’agit de déterminer si le républicanisme politique de Pettit est porteur des ressources suffisantes pour assurer le développement des qualités civiques nécessaires à la défense des institutions qu’il préconise. Si son approche permet d’envisager un attachement élargi des individus à l’idéal de la non-domination tout en limitant les mésusages du langage de la vertu, elle gagnerait toutefois à être plus attentive aux conditions d’exercice de la liberté dans les sphères extra-étatiques de la citoyenneté. En vue de remédier à cette difficulté, cet article propose l’hypothèse d’une convergence du républicanisme politique et de la démocratie associative.
Qui bouge quand l'opinion bouge ?
Authors: Gonthier Frédéric
Published: March 2015

Cet article analyse l’évolution de la demande d’État au sein de l’Union européenne entre 1990 et 2008. Il met empiriquement à l’épreuve la thèse, déjà validée dans le cas américain, selon laquelle les grandes dynamiques de l’opinion varient peu d’un groupe social à un autre. Une analyse multiniveaux des données de l’Enquête sur les Valeurs des Européens permet de montrer que les attentes à l’égard de l’État providence ont évolué à la hausse et en parallèle pour l’ensemble des publics. Les résultats présentés viennent nuancer la littérature sur la polarisation partisane, sur les nouveaux clivages et sur les intérêts de classe. Ils accréditent à l’inverse l’idée que les citoyens ordinaires répondent de façon similaire au changement social et aux messages qu’ils reçoivent de leur environnement.
Thornton Guide for Radial Keratotomy Incisions and Optical Zone Size
Authors: Thornton Spencer P
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The Thornton Guide is designed to provide a predictable correction of myopia and astigmatism without overcorrection by following a specific set of guidelines based on 98% depth at the optical zone margin with eight or more incisions. The object of the guide is to provide maximum correction with the largest possible optical zone. The rationale for the number of incisions and how to apply various modifiers such as age, sex, corneal curvature, and intraocular pressure are explained.
The Use of Disparate Diameter Corneal Grafts to Obtain Average Postoperative Keratometry Readings
Authors: Haight David H , Troutman Richard C
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A series of patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty was examined to determine the effect the use of the disparate diameter graft technique had on final corneal keratometry. Average keratometry for a control population was found to be 43.50 diopters. Forty-eight phakic grafts were performed with a 0.2 mm donor to recipient disparity resulting in an average postop K of 42.50 diopters. Thirty-four aphakic grafts using a 0.5 mm disparity resulted in an average postop K of 43.0 diopters. While many factors contribute to final corneal curvature and astigmatism including accuracy of trephination, and choice of suture material and pattern, we feel these data show the importance of the choice of disparate diameters in obtaining average final keratometry readings.
Improving the Results of Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Salz James J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Six recent reports of the results of Radial Keratotomy are summarized. In order to improve these results, the percentage of under- and overcorrected patients must be reduced. Hopefully, this can be accomplished by more careful patient selection and improved surgical plans aided by the various radial keratotomy predictive software programs that are now available. Pharmacologic manipulation of corneal wound healing and improvements in instrumentation should also be helpful.
Polysulfone Intracorneal Lenses
Authors: Lane Stephen S , Lindstrom Richard L , Williams Patricia A , Lindstrom Christine W
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Polysulfone is a thermoplastic compound first synthesized by Union Carbide in 1965. For years it has been widely used in medicine, surgery and food packaging with the approval of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FCA).

A unique characteristic of polysulfone is its high refractive index (1.633) which allows very thin optical lenses to be manufactured. Attracted by these qualities D. Peter Choyce has pioneered the use of polysulfone intracorneal lenses for the management of high refractive errors (both myopia and hyperopia). Between 1980 and 1984, 40 eyes of his patients underwent lamellar corneal dissections followed by implantation of a polysulfone intracorneal lens.

An independent retrospective chart review of these 40 eyes is presented. In addition, ten patients (13 eyes) with polysulfone intracorneal lenses were independently examined. The results confirm that polysulfone intracorneal lenses are capable of correcting large ref racUve errors in humans. Future evaluation of this promising technique to assess the safety and efficacy is warranted.
A New Method of Cutting Frozen Corneal Tissue for Cryorefractive Surgery
Authors: Hill Richard A , Kratz Katherine , Schanzlin David J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Keratocyte population after cryolathing is one of the factors affecting corneal clarity. We previously developed a controlled rate freeze process that resulted in increased keratocyte survival after cryolathing. Unfortunately, this technique produced an irregular optical surface. To overcome this, we have cut lenticules after freezing using an air turbine handpiece. The handpiece is attached to the Barraquer cryolathe with a modified Levin® tool holder. Preliminary evidence indicates that improved optical surfaces can be produced without causing total keratocyte death.
Computer-Aided Radial Keratotomy Predictability Programs: Comparison of DRS™ and AMark™ Formulas
Authors: Sanders Donald R , Dietz Michael R , Lindstrom Richard L , Salz James J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Computer-aided predictability software programs for radial keratotomy may be useful for planning the procedure. A number of programs are available, all taking different approaches regarding the parameters used and the predictability achieved. In this report, we evaluate the two programs (DRS and AMark) that can be retrospectively compared, using three sets of independent data. We also evaluate the DRS formula alone, using two series of patients, one with and one without use of the formula. We conclude that both the DRS and AMark formulas are useful aids for improving radial keratotomy accuracy and predictability.
The 4-Cut Radial Keratotomy in Low Myopia
Authors: Vaughan Elizabeth R
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: An analysis of 86 patients undergoing 4-cut radial keratotomy surgery between July 1981 and March 1985 is presented. Ninety-three percent of those followed 12 months after surgery were seeing 20/20 and 100% of those followed up to 31/2 years postoperatively were seeing 20/20 without correction. Ninety-four percent of these patients were wearing no glasses or contact lenses at all for distance after this surgery.
Radial Keratotomy Undercorrections: A New Approach
Authors: Franks Stan
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A "backcutting" technique has been found to increase corneal flattening in a series of undercorrected radial keratotomy eyes. This approach requires no additional radial incisions nor an optical zone any smaller than the original. The principle of the technique is explained. By backcutting only 2mm, there is good control and the risk of overextending the cut is almost none. In this technique there is less fluctuation of vision, less risk of infection, and less glare. A series of 97 undercorrected eyes are included in the results.
Consultations
Authors: Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

In Refractive Surgery
Modification of the Ward Artificial Anterior Chamber
Authors: Barraquer Jose I
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A modification to the Ward artificial anterior chamber is introduced to facilitate and make more accurate the obtainment of lamellar corneal discs from corneas preserved in McCareyKaufman (MK] media.
Hexagonal Keratotomy Reduces Hyperopia After Radial Keratotomy in Rabbits
Authors: Yamashita Tsuyoshi , Schneider Mark E , Fuerst David J , Pearce William J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Overcorrection and progressive hyperopia are known complications of radial keratotomy. In an attempt to develop a surgical correction for this complication, a relative hyperopia was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by radial keratotomy. Six to eight weeks after surgery, hexagonal keratotomy was performed. Two months after hexagonal keratotomy, refraction indicated an average reduction in the surgically induced hyperopia of 2.74 diopters. This study indicates that hyperopia induced by radial keratotomy can be corrected by hexagonal keratotomy
Differences Among Ultrasonic Pachymeters in Measuring Corneal Thickness
Authors: Reader August L , Salz James J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Corneal thickness measurements were performed on both eyes of six volunteers using eight currently available ultrasonic pachymeters and the prototype of another unit, soon to be released. We found significant differences in the measurements among pachymeters. Variances of 49 microns, centrally; 59 microns, paracentrally; and 146 microns, peripherally were found, Surgeons using these instruments in refractive surgery should be aware Of these differences and be cautious when changing units or using more than one type of unit, to avoid unwanted perforations or shallow incisions.
Bilateral Epikeratoplasty for Variable Diurnal Vision and Keratoglobus
Authors: Maguen Ezra , Nesburn Anthony B
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The first case, to our knowledge, of severe diurnal variation of vision of a 42-year-old female is presented. The variation of vision resulted in the inability to drive and to perform work adequately. The patient was initially diagnosed with keratoglobus and a family history of congenital glaucoma was noted. Significant changes in keratometry, refraction, and corneal topography were documented prior to surgery, The condition was corrected by the performance of bilateral total epikeratoplasty. This case Is of important significance in providing a therapeutic modality for those patients who suffer from significant diurnal variation in vision following radial keratotomy.
Ruiz Procedure for Post-Keratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Buzard Kurt A , Haight David , Troutman Richard
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Thirteen patients with moderate to large amounts of astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty underwent one of two 1orm$ of relaxing incision described first by Ruiz. Five patients were treated with the trapezoidal incision paitem and eight patients were treated with the newer rectangular incision pattern, both with variable incision length. The average preoperative astigmatism was 7.03 ± 2.64 with an average reduction in cylinder of 6.12 ± 3.50. Complications included microperforation in five cases due to variable graft/host thickness.
Surgical Correction of Aphakia: Intraocular Lens Implantation and Epikeratophakia
Authors: McDonnell Peter J , Dietze Thomas , Durrie Daniel S , Schanzlin David J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT; The visual and refractive results of two surgical procedures for the correction of aphakia were compared restrospectively. One hundred eyes underwent secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and 43 eyes had epikeratophakia. The visual recovery after epikeratophakia was delayed compared with that following lens implantation, especially in persons over 60 years of age, and the refractive errors were less predictable. After 6 months, 90% of Pseudophakie eyes had visual acuities equal to or within one line of preoperative best-corrected acuity, compared with only 66% of eyes after epikeratophakia. Patient age is an important consideration in selecting the optimal procedure for visual rehabilitation of the contact lens-intolerant aphakic patient.
Efficacy of Prewashing Porcine Lyophilized Corneal Lenticules For Implant in the Rabbit
Authors: Maguen Ezra , Isitt John , Nesburn Anthony B
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Reconstitution and morphologic factors of porcine lyophilized lenticules were studied foifowing implantation into peripheral sites of rabbit corneas. Three groups of rabbits received lenticules treated as follows; Group 1, lyophilized porcine lenticules lathed at room temperature (seven rabbits); Group 2, porcine lenticules soaked in balanced salt solutions (BSS) for 36 hours prior to lyophilization and lathing (seven rabbits}; and Group 3, porcine lenticules soaked in BSS for 48 hours with agitation prior to lyophilization and lathing (seven rabbits). Comparisons of lenticule reconstitution rates and thicknesses, postoperative pachymetry and clarity of lenticules, and collagen fiber density and diameter analysis for all treatment groups suggest that washing may improve precision in refractive xenokeratoplasty.
Excimer Laser Radial Keratotomy in the Living Human Eye: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Tenner Alf , Neuhann Thomas , Schroder E , Salz James J , Maguen Ezra
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Radial keratotomy with the Meditec excimer laser was performed on the blind eyes of three human volunteers. Eight radial incisions at approximately 50% to 60% of corneal thickness with a 5.0 mm optical zone resulted in 1 to 2 diopters of corneal flattening, Clinically the incisions appeared to heal well, but they seem more translucent than standard RK incisions performed with a diamond knife, Although the technique appears to be promising, further investigations are needed to quantitate the procedure and to study the wound healing of the excimer incisions.
Reversibility of Epikeratoplasty
Authors: Musco Paul S , Aquavella James V
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: We report a case of epikeratoplasty used to correct high myopia in a contact lens intolerant adult. The donor lenticule was removed because of under-correction. Progressive scarring occurred at the Bowman's membrane level, and the corneal curvature flattened. The patient obtained good uncorrected visual acuity, but subepithelial scarring produced photophobia and glare. Eventually, the scarring diminished. While the uncorrected acuity remains good, the keratometry has not stabilized.
Intraoperative Control of Against-the-Rule Astigmatism With Scleral Relaxing Incisions
Authors: Milazzo Mario G , Martinsky Michael , Steigerwalt Robert D , Milazzo Mark A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Forty patients, all with preoperative againstthe-rule astigmatism, were divided into two groups and underwent planned extracapsular cataract extraction. In group 1, scleral relaxing incisions at 180° were combined with the cataract surgery. The second group underwent extracapsular cataract extraction only and served as controls. Postoperatively, a shift toward with-the-rule astigmatism was noted in group 1 compared with an increase in the control group in againsf-the-rule astigmatism when no relaxing incisions were used.
A Comparison of Four Shipping/Storage Methods for Epikeratophakia Lenses: Results of Laboratory Studies
Authors: Cunanan Crystal M , Buchen Shelley Y , Nordquist Robert E , Knight Patricia M
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT; A comparison was made of four different methods for storing and shipping epikeratophakia lenses made of human corneal tissue. These shipping/ storage methods included iyophilization, moist chamber, MK and K-SoI ™ media. The tissue variables evaluated included sweifing, retention of mucopolysaccharides, and the preservation of collagen ultrastructure. The moist chamber storage method was found to result in minimal swelling compared with the other three methods, and also to better preserve the corneal ultrastructure.
Light-Induced Maculopathy From the Operating Microscope in Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Menezo J L , Harto M A , Cisneros A L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: We describe the appearance of a maculopathy, presumably induced by the operating microscope light, following a complicated radial keratotomy which resulted in a reduction in best corrected visual acuity to 20/200.
Delimited Peripheral Arcuate Keratotomy for Astigmatism: 'Bowtie' Configuration
Authors: Tchah Hungwon , Hofmann Robert F , Duffey Richard J , Jain Vivanti N , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Stepwise delimited peripheral arcuate relaxing incisions were performed on ten human cadaver eyes, using a 10-mm optical 2one with 60° and 90° arcs. Initial 2-mm radial incisions had no effect on curvature until connected to the arcuate incisions in a "bowtie" manner. With short delimiting radial cuts, 60° paired arcuate incisions induced 5.6 ± 1.62 diopters, and 90° cuts induced 9,3 ±2.95 diopters of astigmatism. With delimiting radiais extending 1 mm toward the central cornea, up to 12.15 ± 1.66 (60°) and 12.45 ± 3,19 (90°) diopters of astigmatism could be induced. There were minimal coupling ratio and preservation of the integrity of regular central corneal topography.
Computer Simulation of Lamellar Keratectomy and Laser Myopic Keratomileusis
Authors: Hanna Khalil D , Jouve Francois , Bercovier Michel H , Waring George O
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The finite element numerical method was used to construct a mathematical model of the eye that analyzes stress-strain relationships in the corneoscleral shell. An axisymmetric geometry was defined for both the emmetropic and the myopic eye. Computations concerning the effect of myopia, lamellar keratectomy, and myopic keratomileusis were carried out.

Lamellar keratectomy and keratomileusis increased the stress at the level of the cornea and shifted the load-bearing of the cornea from the inner layers to the more outer layers. Stress distribution in the sclera was not affected by lamellar keratectomy.
Thea 'tricks': forms of resistance in the 1968 United States and after
Authors: Chazalon Elodie
Published: March 2015

The year 1968 seems to be the climax of the counterculture, as manifold forms of resistance emerged and multiple claims were asserted by various social groups. Such a polyphony may appear as a hodgepodge of uncoordinated elements, all the more so as 1968 seems to be the year of rifts and dissensions between “movement cultures,” radical politicized groups, and the more hedonistic and apolitical hippies. In order to show that 1968 is both a puzzle and a puzzling year which prepared the ground for late twentieth-century cultures of resistance, the subsequent analysis will revolve around the politics of immediacy—involving humor, theatricality, as well as an experimental and interpersonal bias. This politics of immediacy is illustrated by a few 1968 events, among them the Democratic National Convention riots in Chicago and the Miss America Pageant protest in Atlantic City. At the same time, the article emphasizes the costumes and performances of a few actors of the revolution so as to show how the fusing of “dressing down” and “rising up” ended up influencing later youth subcultures as well as the performances, sartorial stances, and flaunted aggressiveness of other cultures of resistance, among them “third-wave” feminist groups and artists.
Dental Caries and the Associated Factors Influencing it in Tribal, Suburban and Urban School Children of Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: John J. Baby , Asokan Sharath , Aswanth KP , Priya P.R. Geetha , Shanmugaavel A.K.
Published: March 2015

Background

The study was planned to assess the prevalence of dental caries among tribal, suburban and urban children of Tiruchengode and Erode of Tamil Nadu state, India. The objective of the study was to assess the association of dental caries with family background, dental service availability, transportation and knowledge on preventive dental measures among these three groups

Design and methods

Cross-sectional study. A total of 1028 school children in the age range of 9-12 years from various government schools located in Palamalai and Kolli Hills (tribal), Tiruchengode (suburban) and Erode (urban), Tamil Nadu, were included in the study. Decayed, filled, and missing teeth (DMFT), decayed and filled teeth (dft) and Significant Caries Index were recorded. A specially prepared questionnaire was used to record all the data regarding oral hygiene practices, socioeconomic background, dental treatment availability, parent's education level were used for the study. ANOVA t-test and post hoc test were used for comparing quantitative variables between the 3 subgroups.

Results

The tribal school children had 89.3% caries prevalence, where as it was 77% in suburban and 55% in urban school children. The mean DMFT score among tribal, suburban and urban school children were statistically significant different (P=0.001) between the three groups. There was a highly significant difference (P=0.001) in the mean DMFT score based on brushing frequency. There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.018) in the mean DMFT scores in the urban group based on the mothers education status. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean DMFT scores based on the presence or absence of television in their house and the parents’ income.

Conclusions

Oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and access to dental care services played an important role in prevalence of dental caries. It was observed that the socioeconomic status, parents’ educational status and mass media influenced the oral health of these children but without a significant contribution.
Assessment of Screening Practices for Gestational Hyperglycaemia in Public Health Facilities: A Descriptive Study in Bangalore, India
Authors: Babu Giridhara R. , Tejaswi B. , Kalavathi M. , Vatsala G.M. , Murthy G.V.S. , Kinra Sanjay , Neelon Sara E. Benjamin
Published: March 2015

Background

Screening and timely treatment of gestational hyperglycaemia (GH) is proved to be beneficial and improves maternal and foetal health outcomes. To understand screening practices, we explored the knowledge and perceptions of doctors working in public health facilities in Bangalore, India. We also studied participation factors by examining whether undergoing glucose estimation tests affects morning sickness in pregnant women.

Design and methods

We aimed to understand the screening practices and knowledge of doctors. A semi-structured questionnaire was self-administered by the 50 participant doctors, selected from the sampling frame comprising of all the doctors working in public health facilities. We included 105 pregnant women for baseline assessment, in whom a well-structured questionnaire was used.

Results

We reported that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was done in nearly all the health centres (96%). However, only 12% of the doctors could provide all components of GDM diagnosis and management correctly and 46% would diagnose by using a random blood glucose test. A majority (92%) of the doctors had poor knowledge (68%) about the cut-off values of glucose tests. More than 80% of pregnant women experienced some discomfort mostly due to rapid ingestion glucose in short span of time.

Conclusions

Our study established that screening for GH is done in most public health facilities. Nonetheless, knowledge of doctors on the glucose tests and their interpretation needs improvement. Re-orientation trainings of the doctors can improve their knowledge and thereby can efficiently screen for GH. Further, adequate planning prior to the tests can aid successful completion of them.
Correlation of Shoulder and Elbow Kinetics With Ball Velocity in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Post Eric G. , Laudner Kevin G. , McLoda Todd A. , Wong Regan , Meister Keith
Published: March 2015

Context

Throwing a baseball is a dynamic and violent act that places large magnitudes of stress on the shoulder and elbow. Specific injuries at the elbow and glenohumeral joints have been linked to several kinetic variables throughout the throwing motion. However, very little research has directly examined the relationship between these kinetic variables and ball velocity.

Objective

To examine the correlation of peak ball velocity with elbow-valgus torque, shoulder external-rotation torque, and shoulder-distraction force in a group of collegiate baseball pitchers.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Motion-analysis laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Sixty-seven asymptomatic National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball pitchers (age = 19.5 ± 1.2 years, height = 186.2 ± 5.7 cm, mass = 86.7 ± 7.0 kg; 48 right handed, 19 left handed).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We measured peak ball velocity using a radar gun and shoulder and elbow kinetics of the throwing arm using 8 electronically synchronized, high-speed digital cameras. We placed 26 reflective markers on anatomical landmarks of each participant to track 3-dimensional coordinate data. The average data from the 3 highest-velocity fastballs thrown for strikes were used for data analysis. We calculated a Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the associations between ball velocity and peak elbow-valgus torque, shoulder-distraction force, and shoulder external-rotation torque (P < .05).

Results

A weak positive correlation was found between ball velocity and shoulder-distraction force (r = 0.257; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.47; r2 = 0.066; P = .018). However, no significant correlations were noted between ball velocity and elbow-valgus torque (r = 0.199; 95% CI = −0.043, 0.419; r2 = 0.040; P = .053) or shoulder external-rotation torque (r = 0.097; 95% CI = −0.147, 0.329; r2 = 0.009; P = .217).

Conclusions

Although a weak positive correlation was present between ball velocity and shoulder-distraction force, no significant association was seen between ball velocity and elbow-valgus torque or shoulder external-rotation torque. Therefore, other factors, such as improper pitching mechanics, may contribute more to increases in joint kinetics than peak ball velocity.
Indicator mineral abundance data for till and bedrock samples from the Izok Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Nunavut: samples collected in 2012
Authors: McClenaghan M B , Paulen R C , Duso G , Averill S A
Published: March 2015

Fifteen till samples and 2 bedrock samples from around the Izok Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in Nunavut were collected 2012. These samples complement samples collected in 2009 and 2010 as part of an indicator mineral study to determine
the indicator minerals and their trace element signatures that are indicative of the Izok deposit. The purpose of this open file is to report the raw indicator mineral weight and abundance data for these 2012 till and bedrock samples. Samples were processed by the commercial lab Overburden Drilling
Management Limited using a combination of tabling, panning, and heavy liquids to recover potential indicator minerals. Sample locations, weights of various fractions produced during sample processing, and indicator mineral grains identified are reported in this open file.
Report of activities for the Hudson Platform: stratigraphic and source rock research, Ontario, Manitoba and Nunavut
Authors: Lavoie D , Armstrong D , Nicolas M , Zhang S
Published: March 2015

Foreword
The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program is laying the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North. The Program provides modern public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment in responsible resource development. Geoscience
knowledge produced by GEM supports evidence-based exploration for new energy and mineral resources and enables northern communities to make informed decisions about their land, economy and society. Building upon the success of its first five-years, GEM has been renewed until 2020 to continue
producing new, publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in Canada's North. During the summer 2014, GEM's new research program has been launched with 14 field activities that include geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying. These activities have been undertaken in
collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia and the private sector. GEM will continue to work with these key collaborators as the program advances.
Colostrum production in sows fed different sources of fiber and fat during late gestation
Authors: Krogh Uffe , Bruun Thomas S. , Amdi Charlotte , Flummer Christine , Poulsen Jesper , Theil Peter K.
Published: March 2015

Krogh, U., Bruun, T. S., Amdi, C., Flummer, C., Poulsen, J. and Theil, P. K. 2015. Colostrum production in sows fed different sources of fiber and fat during late gestation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 211–223. The objective was to study yield and composition of colostrum and transient milk from 36 second-parity sows fed a standard lactation diet (CON) low in fiber or one of two high-fiber diets based on sugar beet pulp (SBP) or alfalfa meal (ALF), combined with one of three fat sources, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), soybean oil (SOYO) or trioctanoate (C8TG) from day 105 of gestation onward. Sows were milked at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h relative to onset of parturition. Jugular vein blood was collected on day 112 of gestation. Plasma acetate content was affected by dietary fiber and fat treatment (P<0.05), indicating altered intermediary metabolism. Colostrum yield, predicted from piglet birth weight, suckling duration and weight gain, was unaffected by dietary treatments (P>0.10). Colostral (24 h) and transient milk dry matter contents were greater in SOYO compared with PFAD and C8TG sows (P<0.05). Colostrum (12 and 24 h) and transient milk lactose contents were greatest in CON-fed sows compared with sows fed ALF or SBP diets (P<0.05). In conclusion, nutrition in late gestation affected the intermediary metabolism and colostrum composition, but did not affect colostrum yield of sows.
Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage
Authors: Miller J. J. , Beasley B. W. , Drury C. F. , Larney F. J. , Hao X.
Published: March 2015

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.
Tolerance of identity preserved soybean cultivars to preemergence herbicides
Authors: Belfry Kimberly D. , Soltani Nader , Brown Lynette R. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: March 2015

Belfry, K. D., Soltani, N., Brown, L. R. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Tolerance of identity preserved soybean cultivars to preemergence herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 719–726. Six field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011 to 2013) near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, to assess the tolerance of seven identity-preserved (IP) soybean cultivars to preemergence (PRE) herbicides applied at 2×the recommended dose. All cultivars demonstrated excellent tolerance to dimethenamid-P, pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, chlorimuron-ethyl, clomazone, cloransulam-methyl, flumetsulam and imazethapyr, showing 5% or less injury. At Exeter, linuron caused as much as 13 and 18% injury at 2 and 4 wk after soybean emergence, while injury due to metribuzin was as high as 22 and 47% for the same dates, respectively. At Exeter, linuron, metribuzin and S-metolachlor plus metribuzin reduced soybean height up to 17, 41 and 24%, respectively; soybean height was generally not affected at the Ridgetown sites. At Exeter, metribuzin reduced soybean yield up to 38% for cultivars S03W4, Madison and OAC Lakeview, while S23T5 was not significantly reduced. On the contrary, metribuzin yield loss at Ridgetown was nonsignificant. Results from this study suggest that PRE application of metribuzin at 2× field dose has potential to cause unacceptable injury and yield reduction in IP soybeans under some soil and climatic conditions and may vary according to cultivar.
Phenolic bioactives from developmental stages of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) for hyperglycemia management using in vitro models
Authors: Cheplick Susan , Sarkar Dipayan , Bhowmik Prasanta , Shetty Kalidas
Published: March 2015

Cheplick, S., Sarkar, D., Bhowmik, P. and Shetty, K. 2015. Phenolic bioactives from developmental stages of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) for hyperglycemia management using in vitro models. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 653–662. Blueberry is a rich source of soluble phenolics as well as human health relevant antioxidants. Phenolic-linked bioactive functionality of blueberry for type 2 diabetes management was screened during fruit maturation, especially from green to ripening stages using in vitro assays. Green fruit showed the highest total soluble phenolic content, whereas all three developmental stages of blueberry fruit exhibited high total antioxidant activity. Overall, ripe fruit had higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than green or green/pink fruit, and showed significant potential to improve glucose metabolism through in vitro assays. High phenolic-linked antioxidant activity along with moderate to high α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in ripe blueberry indicated its potential relevance as part of diet-based prevention and management of early stages of hyperglycemia associated with development of type 2 diabetes. This in vitro screening study provides a biochemical rationale and dietary strategy to develop the right blueberry cultivar and stage of fruit development for further validation in animal and clinical studies.
Length of residual activity of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Soltani Nader , Robinson Darren E. , Miller Robert T. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: March 2015

Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E, Miller, R. T. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Length of residual activity of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p in soybean (Glycine max). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 727–733. A total of six field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009, 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the length of residual activity of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied preemergence (PRE) for the control of annual weeds in soybean. As the rate of saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p increased from 0 to 980 g a.i. ha−1the maximum cumulative emergence percentage for common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and common ragweed decreased. Additionally, as the saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p rate increased from 0 to 980 g a.i. ha−1, the cumulative emergence of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and common ragweed slowed down over time. Times to 10% emergence were 1.0, 1.0, 2.1, 3.2, 3.9, 6.6 and >12 wk for common lambsquarters, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.6, 4.3, >12 and >12 wk for redroot pigweed and 0.8, 1.0, 2.2, 2.7, 3, >12 and >12 wk for common ragweed with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied at 0, 30.625, 61.25, 122.5, 245, 490 and 980 g a.i. ha−1, respectively. Based on these results, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE at the labelled use rate of 245 g a.i. ha−1can provide as much as 3.9, 4.3 and 3wk of effective control of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and common ragweed, respectively in soybean.
Evaluation of soil reclamation techniques at the Key Lake uranium mine
Authors: Olatuyi S. O. , Leskiw L. A.
Published: March 2015

Olatuyi, S. O. and Leskiw, L. A. 2015. Evaluation of soil reclamation techniques at the Key Lake uranium mine. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 153–176. Adequate soil nutrients and water supply are critical to vegetation establishment and creation of sustainable ecosystems in post-disturbed mining sites. This study investigated effects of various amendments and capping techniques on soil quality and moisture distribution on a reclaimed waste rock pile at the Key Lake uranium mine in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Soil profiles were reconstructed in 2010 using locally available sandy glacial materials to create soil covers of 1 m thickness. The reclamation treatments consisted of a Control plot, commercial peat (Peat), a local lake sediment (Sediment), underlying flax straw (Straw), mulched forest floor and Ae (LFH), fertilizer (NPK), manure pellets (Pellets), and a demonstration plot (Demo) comprised of Sediment, LFH and Pellets. Soil amendments were applied by various techniques as broadcast, surface incorporation, below the surface or surface mounding. Annual plot monitoring was conducted from 2011 to 2013 and soil samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), available nutrients, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and regulated metals. Volumetric moisture contents were measured periodically to examine soil moisture response to growing-season precipitation. In 2013, the topsoil of the Control plot was slightly acidic (pH of 6.3) while the Sediment and Demo plots had the lowest pH of 4.0. The EC and SAR values were below 1.0 in all treatment plots. The highest levels of available N, TN, TOC and CEC were in the Sediment and Demo plots, followed by the Peat. The concentration of arsenic exceeded the regulatory limit by 3.4- and 2.6-fold in the Sediment and Demo topsoil, respectively, while concentrations of other metals were below the limits in all treatment plots. The Sediment and Demo treatments were most effective in retaining water in the topsoil, while application of soil amendment by mounding enhanced infiltration and water transmission in the profile. In terms of soil fertility and moisture storage, the combination of organic amendments in multi-layers plus surface mounding, as in the Demo plot, is the most promising capping technique for restoring soil health, vegetative cover and ecosystem functions on the waste rock pile.
Long- and short-term temperature differences affect organic and inorganic nitrogen availability in forest soils
Authors: Boczulak S. A. , Hawkins B. J. , Maynard D. G. , Roy R.
Published: March 2015

Boczulak, S. A., Hawkins, B. J., Maynard, D. G. and Roy, R. 2015. Long- and short-term temperature differences affect organic and inorganic nitrogen availability in forest soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 77–86. Soil microbial activity determines rates of decomposition and is strongly influenced by temperature. Soil microbial communities may be adapted to site characteristics, including temperature, through physiological modification of microbial populations or changes in species composition; however, response to short-term changes in temperature may also occur. We searched for evidence of short- and long-term temperature response of microbial communities involved in soil nitrogen (N) cycling by measuring the relative availability of organic and inorganic N forms in forest soils from a high and a low elevation site, incubated at 10, 16 and 20°C for 16 wk. By week 16, ammonium concentrations were greater in soils incubated at 16 and 20°C than at 10°C, and in soil from the low elevation site, compared with high elevation. Nitrate concentrations increased in soil from the low elevation site incubated at 16 and 20°C, but changed little in other treatments. Assessment of autotrophic nitrification potential showed gross nitrification in soil from the low elevation site was likely from classical chemolithotrophic nitrifiers. Organic N concentration increased over time in the 16 and 20°C incubations of soil from the low elevation site, but only increased in the 20°C treatment for soil from the high elevation site. Long-lasting site effects were indicated by the more active microbial community in soil from low elevation, which could be related to site temperature. Evidence of short-term temperature response of N cycling processes was observed in soils from both elevations.
Minimality of toric arrangements
Authors: d'Antonio Giacomo , Delucchi Emanuele
Published: March 2015

We prove that the complement of a toric arrangement has the homotopy type of a minimal CW-complex. As a corollary we deduce that the integer cohomology of these spaces is torsionfree.

We apply discrete Morse theory to the toric Salvetti complex, providing a sequence of cellular collapses that leads to a minimal complex.
Numerical Investigation of “Frog-Leap” Mechanisms of Three Particles Aligned Moving in an Inclined Channel Flow
Authors: Niu Xiao-Dong , Hu Ping , Zhang Xing-Wei , Meng Hui , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Iwamoto Yuhiro
Published: March 2015

Intrigued by our recent experimental work (H. Yamaguchi and X. D. Niu, J. Fluids Eng., 133 (2011), 041302), the present study numerically investigate the flow-structure interactions (FSI) of three rigid circular particles aligned moving in an inclined channel flow at intermediate Reynolds numbers by using a momentum-exchanged immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. A ”frog-leap” phenomenon observed in the experiment is successfully captured by the present simulation and flow characteristics and underlying FSI mechanisms of it are explored by examining the effects of the channel inclined angles and Reynolds numbers. It is found that the asymmetric difference of the vorticity distributions on the particle surface is the main cause of the “frog-leap” when particle moves in the boundary layer near the lower channel boundary.
The anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric black carbon concentrations in southern Africa: a WRF-Chem modeling study
Authors: Kuik F. , Lauer A. , P. Beukes J. , G. Van Zyl P. , Josipovic M. , Vakkari V. , Laakso L. , T. Feig G.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. South Africa has one of the largest industrialized economies in Africa. Emissions of air pollutants are particularly high in the Johannesburg-Pretoria metropolitan area, the Mpumalanga Highveld and the Vaal Triangle, resulting in local air pollution. This study presents and evaluates a setup for conducting modeling experiments over southern Africa with the Weather Research and Forecasting model including chemistry and aerosols (WRF-Chem), and analyzes the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the total black carbon (BC) concentrations from September to December 2010. The modeled BC concentrations are compared with measurements obtained at the Welgegund station situated ca. 100 km southwest of Johannesburg. An evaluation of WRF-Chem with observational data from ground-based measurement stations, radiosondes, and satellites shows that the meteorology is modeled mostly reasonably well, but precipitation amounts are widely overestimated and the onset of the wet season is modeled approximately 1 month too early in 2010. Modeled daily mean BC concentrations show a good temporal correlation with measurements, but the total BC concentration is underestimated in the model by up to 50%. Sensitivity studies with anthropogenic emissions of BC and co-emitted species turned off show that anthropogenic sources can contribute up to 100% to BC concentrations in the industrialized and urban areas, and anthropogenic BC and co-emitted species together up to 60% to PM1 levels. Particularly the co-emitted species contribute significantly to the aerosol optical depth (AOD). Furthermore, in areas of large scale biomass burning atmospheric heating rates are increased through absorption by BC up to about the 600 hPa level.
Large-scale hydrological modelling by using modified PUB recommendations: the India-HYPE case
Authors: Pechlivanidis I. G. , Arheimer B.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) scientific initiative (2003–2012 by IAHS) put considerable effort into improving the reliability of hydrological models to predict flow response in ungauged rivers. PUB's collective experience advanced hydrologic science and defined guidelines to make predictions in catchments without observed runoff data. At present, there is a raised interest in applying catchment models for large domains and large data samples in a multi-basin manner. However, such modelling involves several sources of uncertainties, which may be caused by the imperfectness of input data, i.e. particularly regional and global databases. This may lead to inaccurate model parameterisation and incomplete process understanding. In order to bridge the gap between the best practices for single catchments and large-scale hydrology, we present a further developed and slightly modified version of the recommended best practices for PUB by Takeuchi et al. (2013). By using examples from a recent HYPE hydrological model set-up on the Indian subcontinent, named India-HYPE v1.0, we explore the recommendations, indicate challenges and recommend quality checks to avoid erroneous assumptions. We identify the obstacles, ways to overcome them and describe the work process related to: (a) errors and inconsistencies in global databases, unknown human impacts, poor data quality, (b) robust approaches to identify parameters using a stepwise calibration approach, remote sensing data, expert knowledge and catchment similarities; and (c) evaluation based on flow signatures and performance metrics, using both multiple criteria and multiple variables, and independent gauges for "blind tests". The results show that despite the strong hydro-climatic gradient over the subcontinent, a single model can adequately describe the spatial variability in dominant hydrological processes at the catchment scale. Eventually, during calibration of India-HYPE, the median Kling–Gupta Efficiency for river flow increased from 0.14 to 0.64. To sum up, we demonstrate that by using the further developed PUB recommendations in processed-based large-scale models, the predictions can be consistent in both space and time for multiple basins. We describe and argue for the suggested work process when approaching the large scale with multi-basins and big datasets. Some useful methods are presented and examples of results are given.