bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Lift: Focus on Hydraulic Submersible Pumps
Authors: Bhatia Abhishek , McAllister Scott A.L.
Published: April 2015

Tech 101 - How hydraulic submersible pumps work and how they’re different from other types of artificial lift.
Recognition Method of Limb Motor Imagery EEG Signals Based on Integrated Back-propagation Neural Network
Authors: Li Mingyang , Chen Wanzhong , Cui Bingyi , Tian Yantao
Published: April 2015

In this paper, in order to solve the existing problems of the low recognition rate and poor real-time performance in limb motor imagery, the integrated back-propagation neural network (IBPNN) was applied to the pattern recognition research of motor imagery EEG signals (imagining left-hand movement, imagining right-hand movement and imagining no movement). According to the motor imagery EEG data categories to be recognized, the IBPNN was designed to consist of 3 single three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BPNN), and every single neural network was dedicated to recognizing one kind of motor imagery. It simplified the complicated classification problems into three mutually independent two-class classifications by the IBPNN. The parallel computing characteristic of IBPNN not only improved the generation ability for network, but also shortened the operation time. The experimental results showed that, while comparing the single BPNN and Elman neural network, IBPNN was more competent in recognizing limb motor imagery EEG signals. Also among these three networks, IBPNN had the least number of iterations, the shortest operation time and the best consistency of actual output and expected output, and had lifted the success recognition rate above 97 percent while other single network is around 93 percent.
Course of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Scores During Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated in Outpatient Setting
Authors: Minov Jordan , Karadzinska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Vasilevska Kristin , Stoleski Saso , Mijakoski Dragan
Published: April 2015

Introduction :

COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is an 8-items questionnaire for assessment of health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective :

To evaluate the course of CAT scores during bacterial exacerbations of COPD treated in outpatient setting.

Methods :

We performed an observational, prospective study including 81 outpatients (57 males and 24 females, aged 43 to 74 years) with bacterial exacerbation of COPD. All participants completed CAT at initial visit (i.e. at the time of diagnosis of exacerbation and beginning of its treatment), 10 and 30 days after initial visit. Mean scores of each item, as well as the overall mean score, at these time points were compared.

Results :

The mean scores for each CAT question at initial visit varied from 2.6 to 3.5, whereas the mean scores for each CAT question 10 days after initial visit varied from 1.7 to 2.6. We registered significant reduction of the mean overall CAT score 10 days after initial visit as compared to its value at initial visit of 6.9 ± 2.7 points (16.8 vs 23.7; P < 0.001). The mean scores for each CAT question 30 days after initial visit varied from 1.3 to 2.4. We registered reduction of mean overall CAT score 30 days after initial visit as compared to its score 10 days after initial visit of 2.9 ± 1.2 points (13.9 vs 16.8; P < 0.005). The mean overall CAT score 30 days after initial visit was reduced for 9.8 ± 4.5 points as compared to its value at initial visit (13.9 vs 23.7; P < 0.001).

Conclusion :

We found significant improvement in the patient’s health status during recovery from exacerbation as compared to their health status at the time of exacerbation confirming the CAT as an effective tool to measure health status in patients with COPD.
Assessment of the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Severity: The FACED Score vs the Bronchiectasis
Severity Index
Authors: Minov J , Karadzinska-Bislimovska J , Vasilevska K , Stoleski S , Mijakoski D
Published: April 2015

Introduction :

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a multidimensional disease, and no single isolated parameter is proved to have sufficient power for any overall determination of its severity and prognosis.

Objective :

To compare the results of the assessment of the NCFB severity with respect to its prognosis in the same patients by two different validated scores, i.e. the FACED score and the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI).

Methods :

An observational study including 37 patients with NCFB (16 males and 21 female aged 46 to 76 years) was performed. All patients underwent evaluation of the variables incorporated in the FACED score (FEV1 % predicted, age, chronic colonization by Pseudomaonas aeruginosa, radiological extent of the disease, and dyspnea) and in the BSI (age, body mass index, FEV1 % predicted, hospitalization and exacerbations in previous year, dyspnea, chronic colonization by Pseudomaonas aeruginosa and other microrganisms, and radiological extent of the disease).

Results :

According to the value of the derived overall FACED score we found 17 patients (45.9%) with mild bronchiectasis, 14 patients (37.8%) with moderate bronchiectasis and 6 patients (16.2%) with severe bronchiectasis. The mean derived FACED score was 3.4 ± 1.3. In addition, according to the value of the derived overall BSI score, the frequency of patients with low, intermediate and high BSI score was 16 patients (43,2%), 14 patients (37.8%) and 7 patients (18.9%), respectively. The mean derived BSI score was 6.4 ± 2.5.

Conclusion :

We found similar results by the assessment of the NCFB severity in regard to its prognosis by both the FACED score and the BSI. Further studies determining how these scores may impact clinical practice are needed.
Radiocarbon and the Archaeological Record: An Integrative Approach for Building an Absolute Chronology for the Late Bronze and Iron Ages of Israel
Authors: Boaretto Elisabetta
Published: April 2015

The establishment of an absolute chronology for the Late Bronze and Iron Ages in the southern Levant would make it possible to use changes in material culture in order to study the impact of trade, dissemination of knowledge, and the impact of climate on historical processes. To achieve this, a detailed absolute chronology is needed for individual sites and on a regional scale with a resolution that can differentiate events within a century. To realize this challenging goal, only samples from well-established primary contexts ought to be studied. Such primary contexts (with “dating assemblages”) can be identified by combining macroscopic with microscopic observations. Chronological studies at the sites of Qubur el-Walaydah, Tel es-Safi, and in particular, Megiddo, demonstrate that high-resolution dating can be achieved, with very few outliers in the data sets. The major limitation on applying this approach is the fact that we are currently constrained to dating short-lived samples (charred seeds and olive pits) and collagen from bones. Thus, an immediate goal of radiocarbon research is to develop the ability to date other short-lived materials, such as organic material occluded in siliceous plant phytoliths, wood ash, and possibly organic residues preserved in pottery vessels.
Transient unilateral vision loss in a dog following inadvertent intravitreal injection of bupivacaine during a dental procedure
Authors: Alessio Terri L. , Krieger Emily M.
Published: April 2015

Case Description—A 4-year-old castrated male Chihuahua was evaluated because of unilateral vision loss following extraoral administration of a caudal maxillary nerve block during a dental procedure.

Clinical Findings—The menace response was absent in the left eye, but the pupillary light reflex was intact. Vitreal hemorrhages and opacities were present on ophthalmic examination of the left eye. Ultrasonographic findings were supportive of the clinical findings. The posterior lens capsule and retina appeared to be undisturbed.

Treatment and Outcome—Treatment consisted of administration of carprofen and prophylactic administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate. Vision was clinically normal with an intact menace response 1 week later.

Clinical Relevance—Findings indicated that intravitreal injection of the local anesthetic agent should be considered as a potential complication when performing nerve blocks prior to dental procedures in dogs.
Arthroscopic removal of discrete palmar carpal osteochondral fragments in horses: 25 cases (1999–2013)
Authors: Lang Hayley M. , Nixon Alan J.
Published: April 2015

Objective—To characterize discrete palmar carpal osteochondral fragmentation in horses and to document the effect of osteoarthritis and surgical removal of these fragments on functional outcome.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—25 horses.

Procedures—Medical records and radiographic views were reviewed to identify horses that had radiographic evidence of palmar carpal fragmentation, which was subsequently treated by arthroscopic removal. Information collected included cause of fracture, initial and long-term clinical and radiographic findings, and functional outcome.

Results—Palmar carpal fragmentation of 30 carpal bones was identified in 25 unilaterally affected horses. A known traumatic event was reported to cause the fragmentation in 17 of the 25 (68%) horses. Of the 25 horses, 17 (68%) had fragmentation involving the antebrachiocarpal joint, 7 (28%) had fragmentation involving the middle carpal joint, and 1 (4%) had fragmentation involving the carpometacarpal joint. The proximal aspect of the radial carpal bone was the most commonly affected site (12/30 fragments), followed by the accessory carpal bone (6/30). Of the 25 horses, 19 (76%) were not lame (sound) after surgery and returned to their intended use, 4 (16%) were considered pasture sound, and 2 were euthanized (because of severe postoperative osteoarthritis or long bone fracture during recovery from anesthesia). Eight of the 14 horses with preoperative evidence of osteoarthritis returned to function after surgery. Twelve of 17 horses with antebrachiocarpal joint fragments and 6 of 7 horses with middle carpal joint fragments returned to their previous use.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the prognosis for horses after arthroscopic removal of palmar carpal osteochondral fragments is good. Early intervention, before the development of osteoarthritis, is recommended.
The squeezed middle? The Liberal Democrats in Wales and Scotland: A post-coalition reassessment
Authors: Evans A.B.
Published: April 2015

In the wake of the repeated electoral losses suffered by the Scottish and Welsh Liberal Democrats in 2011 and 2012, it is perhaps unsurprising that recent analysis has focused on the ‘toxic impact of the federal party's coalition with the Conservative party’ on the devolved state parties electoral fortunes. Certainly this significant electoral collapse, alongside the hostility to both parties recorded in the 2011 Scottish and Welsh electoral surveys, could be said to lend credence to such a research focus.

However, this article argues that the real potency of the Westminster coalition has resulted from it exacerbating and exposing weaknesses that have long blighted the Liberal Democrats in Scotland and Wales. Indeed, by adopting an approach that places the Scottish and Welsh Liberal Democrats' current woes within a historical context, this article will contend that such frailties highlight structural weaknesses at the very heart of the Liberal Democrats federally.
Contested Memories: the Scottish Parliament and the 1984–5 Miners' Strike
Authors: Phillips Jim
Published: April 2015

The miners' strike of 1984–5 is a site of contested memories. A debate in the Scottish Parliament on the 30th anniversary in March 2014 highlighted three particular points of contention: the economics of coal and the social costs of closures; the strategies of the National Union of Mineworkers and the UK Conservative government; and the question of restorative justice for victimised strikers. This paper examines these controversies, measuring the perspectives of MSPs against the weight of historical evidence. It explores the moral economy of the Scottish coalfields, where closures in the 1960s and 1970s were agreed by the workforce because meaningful employment alternatives existed. Closures in the 1980s violated this moral economy. The paper demonstrates that the financial costs of producing coal were exaggerated in 1984, while the predicted negative social consequences of not producing coal were accurate. It argues that criticisms of NUM strategy in 1984–5 are outweighed by evidence that the Conservative government was attacking the moral economy, seeking to eliminate union voice from decisions about closures. It comments on the victimisation of strikers in 1984–5, arguing that contemporary calls for restorative justice are resisted by the Scottish government partly because the SNP – reflecting the broader mood in the Scottish Parliament – ignores the political salience of social class.
Changes of Water Hydrogen Bond Network with Different Externalities
Authors: Zhao Lin , Ma Kai , Yang Zi
Published: April 2015

It is crucial to uncover the mystery of water cluster and structural motif to have an insight into the abundant anomalies bound to water. In this context, the analysis of influence factors is an alternative way to shed light on the nature of water clusters. Water structure has been tentatively explained within different frameworks of structural models. Based on comprehensive analysis and summary of the studies on the response of water to four externalities (i.e., temperature, pressure, solutes and external fields), the changing trends of water structure and a deduced intrinsic structural motif are put forward in this work. The variations in physicochemical and biological effects of water induced by each externality are also discussed to emphasize the role of water in our daily life. On this basis, the underlying problems that need to be further studied are formulated by pointing out the limitations attached to current study techniques and to outline prominent studies that have come up recently.
New Prenylated Aeruginosin, Microphycin, Anabaenopeptin and Micropeptin Analogues from a Microcystis Bloom Material Collected in Kibbutz Kfar Blum, Israel
Authors: Elkobi-Peer Shira , Carmeli Shmuel
Published: April 2015

Thirteen new and eighteen known natural products were isolated from a bloom material of an assembly of various Microcystis spp. collected in November, 2008, from a commercial fishpond near Kibbutz Kfar Blum, the Jordan Valley, Israel. The new natural products included the prenylated aeruginosin KB676 (1), microphycin KB921 (2), anabaenopeptins KB906 (3) and KB899 (4) and micropeptins KB928 (5), KB956 (6), KB970A (7), KB970B (8), KB984 (9), KB970C (10), KB1048 (11), KB992 (12) and KB1046 (13). Their structures were elucidated primarily by interpretation of their 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Marfey’s and chiral-phase high performance liquid chromatography methods were used to determine the absolute configurations of their chiral centers. Aeruginosin KB676 (1) contains the rare (2S,3aS,6S,7aS)-Choi and is the first prenylated aeruginosin derivative described in the literature. Compounds 1 and 5–11 inhibited trypsin with sub-μM IC50s, while Compounds 11–13 inhibited chymotrypsin with sub-μM IC50s. The structures and biological activities of the new natural products and our procedures of dereplication are described.
Synthesis and Pharmacophore Modelling of 2,6,9-Trisubstituted Purine Derivatives and Their Potential Role as Apoptosis-Inducing Agents in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Calderón-Arancibia Jeannette , Espinosa-Bustos Christian , Cañete-Molina Álvaro , Tapia Ricardo , Faúndez Mario , Torres Maria , Aguirre Adam , Paulino Margot , Salas Cristian
Published: April 2015

A series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives have been synthesized and investigated for their potential role as antitumor agents. Twelve compounds were obtained by a three step synthetic procedure using microwave irradiation in a pivotal step. All compounds were evaluated in vitro to determine their potential effect on cell toxicity by the MTT method and flow cytometry analysis on four cancer cells lines and Vero cells. Three out of twelve compounds were found to be promising agents compared to a known and effective anticancer drug, etoposide, in three out of four cancer cell lines assayed with considerable selectivity. Preliminary flow cytometry data suggests that compounds mentioned above induce apoptosis on these cells. The main structural requirements for their activity for each cancer cell line were characterized with a preliminary pharmacophore model, which identified aromatic centers, hydrogen acceptor/donor center and a hydrophobic area. These features were consistent with the cytotoxic activity of the assayed compounds.
Ventilatory Function in Young Adults and Dietary Antioxidant Intake
Authors: Garcia-Larsen Vanessa , Amigo Hugo , Bustos Patricia , Bakolis Ioannis , Rona Roberto
Published: April 2015

Dietary antioxidants may protect against poor ventilatory function. We assessed the relation between ventilatory function and antioxidant components of diet in young Chileans. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio FEV1/FVC were measured in 1232 adults aged 22–28 years, using a Vitalograph device. Dietary intake was ascertained with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed for this study, from which nutrient and flavonoid intakes were estimated. Dietary patterns were derived with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). After controlling for potential confounders, dietary intake of total catechins was positively associated with FVC (Regression coefficient (RC) of highest vs. lowest quintile of intake 0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15; p per trend 0.006). Total fruit intake was related to FVC (RC of highest vs. lowest quintile 0.08; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.15; p per trend 0.02). Intake of omega 3 fatty acids was associated with a higher FEV1 (RC for highest vs. lowest quintile 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15 L; p per trend 0.02) and with FVC 0.08 (RC in highest vs. lowest quintile of intake 0.08, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.16; p per trend 0.04). Our results show that fresh fruits, flavonoids, and omega 3 fatty acids may contribute to maintain ventilatory function.
The Queuine Micronutrient: Charting a Course from Microbe to Man
Authors: Fergus Claire , Barnes Dominic , Alqasem Mashael , Kelly Vincent
Published: April 2015

Micronutrients from the diet and gut microbiota are essential to human health and wellbeing. Arguably, among the most intriguing and enigmatic of these micronutrients is queuine, an elaborate 7-deazaguanine derivative made exclusively by eubacteria and salvaged by animal, plant and fungal species. In eubacteria and eukaryotes, queuine is found as the sugar nucleotide queuosine within the anticodon loop of transfer RNA isoacceptors for the amino acids tyrosine, asparagine, aspartic acid and histidine. The physiological requirement for the ancient queuine molecule and queuosine modified transfer RNA has been the subject of varied scientific interrogations for over four decades, establishing relationships to development, proliferation, metabolism, cancer, and tyrosine biosynthesis in eukaryotes and to invasion and proliferation in pathogenic bacteria, in addition to ribosomal frameshifting in viruses. These varied effects may be rationalized by an important, if ill-defined, contribution to protein translation or may manifest from other presently unidentified mechanisms. This article will examine the current understanding of queuine uptake, tRNA incorporation and salvage by eukaryotic organisms and consider some of the physiological consequence arising from deficiency in this elusive and lesser-recognized micronutrient.
Gain and Threshold Current in Type II In(As)Sb Mid-Infrared Quantum Dot Lasers
Authors: Lu Qi , Zhuang Qiandong , Krier Anthony
Published: April 2015

In this work, we improved the performance of mid-infrared type II InSb/InAs quantum dot (QD) laser diodes by incorporating a lattice-matched p-InAsSbP cladding layer. The resulting devices exhibited emission around 3.1 µm and operated up to 120 K in pulsed mode, which is the highest working temperature for this type of QD laser. The modal gain was estimated to be 2.9 cm−1 per QD layer. A large blue shift (~150 nm) was observed in the spontaneous emission spectrum below threshold due to charging effects. Because of the QD size distribution, only a small fraction of QDs achieve threshold at the same injection level at 4 K. Carrier leakage from the waveguide into the cladding layers was found to be the main reason for the high threshold current at higher temperatures.
Forest Fire Smoke Detection Using Back-Propagation Neural Network Based on MODIS Data
Authors: Li Xiaolian , Song Weiguo , Lian Liping , Wei Xiaoge
Published: April 2015

Satellite remote sensing provides global observations of the Earth’s surface and provides useful information for monitoring smoke plumes emitted from forest fires. The aim of this study is to automatically separate smoke plumes from the background by analyzing the MODIS data. An identification algorithm was improved based on the spectral analysis among the smoke, cloud and underlying surface. In order to get satisfactory results, a multi-threshold method is used for extracting training sample sets to train back-propagation neural network (BPNN) classification for merging the smoke detection algorithm. The MODIS data from three forest fires were used to develop the algorithm and get parameter values. These fires occurred in (i) China on 16 October 2004, (ii) Northeast Asia on 29 April 2009 and (iii) Russia on 29 July 2010 in different seasons. Then, the data from four other fires were used to validate the algorithm. Results indicated that the algorithm captured both thick smoke and thin dispersed smoke over land, as well as the mixed pixels of smoke over the ocean. These results could provide valuable information concerning forest fire location, fire spreading and so on.
Geo-Positioning Accuracy Using Multiple-Satellite Images: IKONOS, QuickBird, and KOMPSAT-2 Stereo Images
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Yang Chansu , Kim Taejung
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the positioning accuracy of image pairs achieved by integrating images from multiple satellites. High-resolution satellite images from IKONOS, QuickBird, and KOMPSAT-2 for Daejeon, Korea were combined to produce pairs of stereo images. From single-satellite stereo pairs to multiple-satellite image pairs, all available combinations were analyzed via a rational function model (RFM). The positioning accuracy of multiple-satellite pairs was compared to a typical single-satellite stereo pair. The results show that dual-satellite integration can be an effective alternative to single-satellite stereo imagery for horizontal position mapping, but is less accurate for vertical mapping. The integration of additional higher-resolution images can improve the overall accuracy of the existing two images, but, conversely, may result in lower accuracy when very weak convergence or bisector elevation (BIE) angles occur. This highlights that the use of higher resolution images may not ensure improved accuracy, as it can result in very weak geometry. The findings confirm that multiple-satellite images can replace or enhance typical stereo pairs, but also suggest the need for careful verification, including consideration of various geometric elements and image resolution. This paper reveals the potential, limitations, and important considerations for mapping applications using images from multiple satellites.
A Homogenous Fluorescence Quenching Based Assay for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Influenza Virus A Hemagglutinin Antigen
Authors: Chen Longyan , Neethirajan Suresh
Published: April 2015

Influenza pandemics cause millions of deaths worldwide. Effective surveillance is required to prevent their spread and facilitate the development of appropriate vaccines. In this study, we report the fabrication of a homogenous fluorescence-quenching-based assay for specific and sensitive detection of influenza virus surface antigen hemagglutinins (HAs). The core of the assay is composed of two nanoprobes namely the glycan-conjugated highly luminescent quantum dots (Gly-QDs), and the HA-specific antibody-modified gold nanoparticle (Ab-Au NPs). When exposed to strain-specific HA, a binding event between the HA and the two nanoprobes takes place, resulting in the formation of a sandwich complex which subsequently brings the two nanoprobes closer together. This causes a decrease in QDs fluorescence intensity due to a non-radiative energy transfer from QDs to Au NPs. A resulting correlation between the targets HA concentrations and fluorescence changes can be observed. Furthermore, by utilizing the specific interaction between HA and glycan with sialic acid residues, the assay is able to distinguish HAs originated from viral subtypes H1 (human) and H5 (avian). The detection limits in solution are found to be low nanomolar and picomolar level for sensing H1-HA and H5-HA, respectively. Slight increase in assay sensitivity was found in terms of detection limit while exposing the assay in the HA spiked in human sera solution. We believe that the developed assay could serve as a feasible and sensitive diagnostic tool for influenza virus detection and discrimination, with further improvement on the architectures.
Influence of Different Shellfish Matrices on the Separation of PSP Toxins Using a Postcolumn Oxidation Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Rey Verónica , Alfonso Amparo , Botana Luis , Botana Ana
Published: April 2015

The separation of PSP toxins using liquid chromatography with a post-column oxidation fluorescence detection method was performed with different matrices. The separation of PSP toxins depends on several factors, and it is crucial to take into account the presence of interfering matrix peaks to produce a good separation. The matrix peaks are not always the same, which is a significant issue when it comes to producing good, reliable results regarding resolution and toxicity information. Different real shellfish matrices (mussel, scallop, clam and oyster) were studied, and it was seen that the interference is not the same for each individual matrix. It also depends on the species, sampling location and the date of collection. It was proposed that separation should be accomplished taking into account the type of matrix, as well as the concentration of heptane sulfonate in both solvents, since the mobile phase varies regarding the matrix. Scallop and oyster matrices needed a decrease in the concentration of heptane sulfonate to separate GTX4 from matrix peaks, as well as dcGTX3 for oysters, with a concentration of 6.5 mM for solvent A and 6.25 mM for solvent B. For mussel and clam matrices, interfering peaks are not as large as they are in the other group, and the heptane sulfonate concentration was 8.25 mM for both solvents. Also, for scallops and oysters, matrix interferences depend not only on the sampling site but also on the date of collection as well as the species; for mussels and clams, differences are noted only when the sampling site varies.
Prevalence of bacterial contamination in blood and blood products at the National Blood Service Zimbabwe
Authors: Makuni Ngonidzashe , Simango Clifford , Mavenyengwa Rooyen T
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Advances in screening for infections improve the safety of donated blood. Transfusion-related bacterial sepsis, although not established in Zimbabwe, stills makes bacterial contamination of blood clinically relevant. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Harare. Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using standard methods. Results: Of the 196 samples analyzed, 6 (3.1%) were contaminated with bacteria. Platelets had a significantly high contamination rate compared to other blood products. Bacteria showed varying patterns of susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Conclusions: The prevalence of bacterial contamination in blood products suggests that patients who receive blood products are at risk of developing infection.
The clinical characteristics and outcome of children hospitalized with dengue in Barbados, an English Caribbean country
Authors: Kumar Alok , Gittens-St. Hilair Marquita , Jason Vincent , Ugwuagu Christian , Krishnamurthy Kandamaran
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Although dengue is endemic in all English-speaking Caribbean countries, there are no published studies on the clinical presentations and outcomes of children hospitalized with dengue from this region. This study aims to assess the clinical charcteristics and the outcome in children hospitalized with dengue. Methods: This was a population-based prospective study of all the children hospitalized with confirmed dengue in 2009 in Barbados. All children suspected to have dengue were routinely screened for dengue infection and underwent routine blood tests. Relevant data was extracted from their case files at the time of their discharge from the hospital. Results: Of the 199 children who were hospitalized with suspected dengue, 115 (58%) were confirmed. The overall incidence rate of  dengue among children that required hospitalization was 2.1/1,000 children. Besides the typical clinical features of dengue, 64 children hospitalized with confirmed dengue also presented with gastrointestinal manifestations (56%), 39 with respiratory manifestations (51%), 11 with hepatic manifestations (10%), 8 with neurologic manifestations (7%), and 7 with cardiovascular manifestations (6%). Twenty (17.4%) children hospitalized with confirmed dengue met the criteria for the diagnosis of severe dengue. The other 82.6% had uncomplicated or non-severe (53.9% had dengue and 28.7% had dengue with warning signs) forms of dengue. The case fatality rate in this series was 1.7%. Conclusions: Less than a third of all the children with confirmed dengue required hospitalization. Atypical clinical manifestations were common, and only a minority of these children had severe dengue. Overall, the case fatality rate for dengue in this select population of children hospitalized with dengue was low.
Nouvelles vagues
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: April 2015

Les marchés internationaux constituent un site privilégié d’analyse des circulations internationales de biens culturels et de la mondialisation culturelle en général. À partir d’une analyse de correspondances sur les projections du marché international des films de Cannes et les professionnels qui les organisent, on distingue trois grands pôles de circulation que recoupent trois universels cinématographiques : celui des films « de genre » dont les blockbusters sont la forme la plus visible et la plus rentable, qui caractérise les Américains ; celui de la diversité culturelle et du cinéma d’auteur à travers les films de festival sélectionnés dont les Français sont les principaux vendeurs ; celui du rayonnement culturel avec des films à vocation diplomatique pour les pays plus périphériques. Ces universels restent donc toujours informés par la configuration des champs nationaux dont ils sont issus, comme le révèle une analyse plus approfondie du cas français. Un petit groupe de sociétés de vente, mais aussi de coproduction et de distribution, avantagées par le marché français dont les pouvoirs publics soutiennent la diversité, font circuler à l’international les films d’auteur étrangers consacrés dans les grands festivals, s’appuyant sur une division du travail de sélection avec les programmateurs. Les plus importantes se sont attaché des réalisateurs étrangers reconnus, les plus petites parient sur des régions périphériques dont elles lancent des « nouvelles vagues ».
Un suivi qui fait la différence
Authors: Hazard Anne
Published: April 2015

Une naissance prématurée, ça n’arrive pas qu’aux autres. Et si, pour une grossesse gémellaire, le risque est grand, aucune famille n’est préparée. Quand cela survient, tout s’écroule. Comment faire face à ce parcours difficile ? Comment restaurer l’image « idéale » de la maternité ? Ce début de vie ne se déroule pas sans heurts, mais pas sans aide : pmi avec personnel compétent et attentif, réseau en ville d’orthophonistes, pédopsychiatres et psychomotriciennes. Le suivi mis en place relève autant du soin que de la prévention. Il permet aux enfants de récupérer, d’aller de mieux en mieux. Et aux familles d’exister pleinement.
Un psychanalyste en réanimation néonatale
Authors: Mathelin Catherine , de Barbot Françoise , Frischmann Martine
Published: April 2015

Nous présentons ici une interview de Catherine Vanier, psychanalyste dans un service de néonatologie. Elle y parle de la coréanimation, concept forgé pour décrire le travail d’équipe qui permet de tenir compte de la réanimation psychique des bébés prématurés autant que de la réanimation médicale. Y est envisagé le travail du psychanalyste directement avec le bébé et aussi avec ses parents et avec l’équipe soignante.
Traumatisme parental et conséquences lors d’une naissance prématurée
Authors: Borghini Ayala , Müller Nix Carole
Published: April 2015

Suite à une naissance prématurée, le vécu parental, souvent à tonalité traumatique, peut affecter la façon dont les parents se lient à l’enfant et se comportent avec lui. Les perceptions parentales de l’état de santé de l’enfant sont parfois traversées de distorsions défensives, qui peuvent aller dans le sens d’un évitement des difficultés réelles comme dans le sens d’une préoccupation anxieuse exagérée. Dans les deux cas, cela peut entraver le processus actif de découverte de l’enfant dans ses caractéristiques individuelles. Le parent, pris au piège de ses propres difficultés à réguler ses émotions face à cet événement qui vient bousculer ses capacités anticipatrices, peut se trouver démuni dans son rôle de soutien aux capacités de régulation naissantes chez ce bébé fragile. Les modulations physiologiques et comportementales de la relation parent-bébé, nécessaires à la subjectivation progressive de l’enfant en tant que sujet humain, peuvent s’en trouver affectées et c’est toute la chaîne développementale qui peut être marquée par des dysrégulations précoces. Ce texte propose un aperçu de la littérature à ce propos, mettant en évidence la façon dont la souffrance psychique parentale, en particulier le stress post-traumatique parental et les difficultés de régulation d’un enfant fragile, peut conduire ou non aux difficultés développementales bien connues faisant suite à une naissance prématurée.
Lésions cérébrales du nouveau-né prématuré
Authors: Saliba Elie
Published: April 2015

Les lésions cérébrales survenant chez l’enfant né prématuré ont diminué ces dernières années, mais elles restent encore relativement fréquentes chez le très grand prématuré. Il existe deux types de lésions de mécanismes différents : les hémorragies intraventriculaires et les lésions périventriculaires de la substance blanche, appelées « leucomalacies périventriculaires » ( lmpv ). Ces lésions cérébrales sont détectées en période néonatale couramment par les échographies transfontanellaires ( etf ) et, mieux, par l’imagerie par résonance magnétique ( irm ). Les mécanismes responsables des lésions hémorragiques sont surtout hémodynamiques, cellulaires et parfois génétiques. En cas de lmpv les causes sont multifactorielles, en lien avec la vulnérabilité cellulaire. Certaines causes peuvent être traitées en anténatal : les causes infectieuses maternelles. Les séquelles motrices sont dues aux lésions de leucomalacie périventriculaire et on peut, dans les formes sévères, en prévoir le type. Les lésions graves hémorragiques peuvent être associées à des lésions de la substance blanche ou entraîner une hydrocéphalie. Mais les grands prématurés peuvent présenter des séquelles neuropsychologiques et cognitives sans lésions détectées en période néonatale rendant compte de la complexité des mécanismes cérébraux.
Prématurité et risques psychopathologiques : la mise à l’épreuve des liens
Authors: Boissel Anne , Ouss Lisa
Published: April 2015

Les risques psychopathologiques chez les anciens prématurés sont encore méconnus. Chez l’enfant et l’adolescent, on retrouve trois types de troubles avec une fréquence élevée : les troubles de l’attention, les troubles anxieux et les troubles du spectre autistique. Chez l’adulte, les études sur les registres nationaux montrent des liens nets entre caractéristiques néonatales et troubles psychopathologiques, avec une corrélation au poids de naissance où à l’âge gestationnel.
‘Illyrians’ in ancient ethnographic discourse
Authors: Dzino Danijel
Published: April 2015

Développée probablement comme une généralisation ethnographique sur des étrangers associés à une ou des langues indigènes similaires, l’étiquette “Illyriens” a été utilisée dans différents contextes. Elle fait son apparition, de toute évidence, au VI e siècle av. J.-C., mais nos sources remontent à un siècle plus tard. Les perceptions ultérieures de cet ethnonyme dépendent de contextes politiques et territoriaux, d’abord de l’alliance politique avec le royaume illyrien à l’époque hellénistique, ensuite de l’usage qu’en firent les Romains dans le contexte de l’expansion impériale de la première heure.
La esclavitud como factor de corrupción en la historiografía de cultura helenística: hybris, tryphé y moral estoica
Authors: Montoya Rubio Bernat
Published: April 2015

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier les motivations idéologiques et discursives qui guident ces auteurs classiques qui soulignent l’existence d’une fissure historique, entre une période durant laquelle l’esclavage-marchandise n’existait pas, ou avait peu d’importance, et une deuxième époque durant laquelle il trouve un grand développement. L’intérêt de Diodore de Sicile, Appien, Plutarque et Athénée pour ce sujet coïncide avec l’utilisation d’une série de concepts moraux, comme l’ hybris et la tryphé , qui en même temps, gardent une relation spéciale avec le stoïcisme. Dans ce processus la figure de Posidonios joue un rôle significatif.
Les transformations sociales de la fin de vie et de la mort dans les sociétés contemporaines
Authors: Castra Michel
Published: April 2015

En quelques décennies, nos sociétés ont connu de profondes mutations dans l’approche de la mort et de la fin de vie. L’émergence des soins palliatifs, les débats autour de l’euthanasie volontaire, le développement significatif de la crémation et des contrats obsèques traduisent un nouveau rapport à la mort. On assiste ainsi à une recomposition des normes et des pratiques autour du mourir qui se manifeste notamment par un recul des rites et une nouvelle forme de médicalisation de la fin de vie. Contestant l’idée d’un « déni social » de la mort, cet article montre que ces évolutions traduisent au contraire l’existence d’une socialisation à la mort où les professionnels et les individus occupent désormais une place centrale.
Porter le deuil
Authors: Hortonéda Jeanine
Published: April 2015

Il s’agit de se demander ce que signifie aujourd’hui être en deuil, faire son deuil, individuellement et collectivement, dans un contexte politique et social où le rapport « traditionnel » à la mort a profondément changé. L’interrogation porte sur deux excès, pour tenter d’en mesurer les conséquences : l’excès du deuil et l’absence de deuil, à travers des exemples pris dans la tragédie grecque d’une part, et d’autre part dans les analyses de J. Butler sur les « sans-deuil ». Pour finir, en référence aux discussions entre Derrida et Levinas, la question se noue sur la responsabilité des vivants, survivants à l’égard des morts.
« Si mal immunisé contre la nuit »
Authors: Costes Jean-François
Published: April 2015

Si mal immunisé contre la nuit : contre la nuit de la mort, contre la nuit d’histoires bouleversées ? Si mal immunisé contre la nuit : le jeune qui meurt, l’éducateur qui accompagne, l’institution impliquée ? Si mal immunisé contre la nuit que je n’ai trouvé d’autre manière de dire que de proposer deux récits qui tentent de parler de ces « mourir » auxquels nous avons été confrontés en respectant l’irréductible singularité de ces événements.
Face à la mort d’enfants, voir, penser, dire, être
Authors: Oppenheim Daniel
Published: April 2015

La mort d’enfants n’est pas rare dans certaines institutions (cancérologie, etc.), exceptionnelle dans d’autres. Dans tous les cas, il importe de tenir compte du moment présent mais aussi du devenir des autres enfants, de leur famille, des professionnels. De connaître également leurs réactions, conscientes et inconscientes, leurs méconnaissances, leurs fantasmes, leurs défenses, et les siennes propres, face à la mort, afin de trouver, loin des discours stéréotypés, impersonnels, raisonnables, le dialogue juste avec ces interlocuteurs. L’auteur en décrit les éléments essentiels.
Ce que la vie doit à la mort en institution : l’histoire d’un poète disparu
Authors: Bensidoun Bernard
Published: April 2015

L’auteur explore, à travers un exemple cinématographique, la manière dont un collège fait face au suicide d’un adolescent, s’attachant à souligner la manière dont la pulsion de vie reprend possession de la pulsion de mort.
L’économie sociale et solidaire : un enjeu de territoire
Authors: Gaulène Sylvie , Chevalier Isabelle
Published: April 2015

L’Économie sociale et solidaire ( ess ) concurrencée par le privé s’ouvre à des perspectives lucratives pour se développer. Les sociétés coopératives sont liées à des projets de territoires innovants. La réussite de ces projets d’intérêt collectif repose non seulement sur des dispositifs, mais également sur la qualité des négociations et des rapports sociaux entre les acteurs locaux. L’intérêt commun des partenaires impliqués autour du projet impulse l’innovation. Au-delà de la création de nouveaux outils de développement de l’ ess , il est essentiel d’accompagner la transformation d’acteurs concernés en acteurs impliqués, participatifs et entreprenants.
Bioéthique ou éthique de communion ?
Authors: de Malherbe Brice
Published: April 2015

Depuis une trentaine d’années la bioéthique s’est imposée comme champ de réflexion morale adapté à la biomédecine. Cet article cherche d’abord à montrer le contraste entre l’ambition du projet bioéthique et la faiblesse de sa pertinence morale. Son formalisme moral et son anthropologie dualiste entraînent des conséquences néfastes pour le respect de la vie humaine. C’est pourquoi dans un deuxième temps sont proposées à la fois une relecture des fondements d’une anthropologie unifiée et l’ouverture sur une éthique favorisant la communion de personnes. Dans le domaine médical, une telle éthique confortée par la Révélation biblique peut se déployer comme alliance thérapeutique.
Literature Review in Conceptions and Approaches to Teaching using Blended Learning
Authors: Caravias Vicki
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a critical review and synthesis of research literature in higher education exploring teachers' conceptions of blended learning and their approaches to both design and teaching. Definitions of blended learning and conceptual frameworks are considered first. Attention is given to Picciano's Blending with Purpose Multimodal framework. This paper builds upon previous research on blended learning and conceptual framework by Picciano (A. Picciano, 2009) by exploring how objectives from Picciano's framework affect teachers' approaches to both design and teaching in face-to-face and online settings. Research results suggest that teachers use multiple approaches including face-to-face methods and online technologies that address the learning needs of a variety of students from different generations, personality types and learning styles.
Blended Learning and Technological Development in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Umunadi Kennedy E. , Ololube Nwachukwu Prince
Published: April 2015

This chapter examines blended learning and technological development in teaching and learning. This study is based around the suggestion that technological development can emerge in Nigeria when an enabling environment and other necessary facilities for blended learning are made available in different institutions for teaching and learning. This chapter addresses the following topics: net generation and use of technology outside of schools, the digital environment, computer use and blended learning in schools, well-constructed digital environments, teaching and blended learning, the shift from teaching to learning, student-centered methods, theories supporting the new view of the learning process, play way method, group instructional methods, Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, Skinner's theory of learning, Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, problem-based learning, anchored instruction, distributed cognition, cognition flexibility theory, cognitive apprenticeship, situated learning, self-regulated learning, and entry behaviour/residual knowledge.
Factors Related to Students' Performance of Hybrid Learning in an English Language Course
Authors: Wichadee Saovapa
Published: April 2015

Redesigning a course along the lines of a hybrid format that blends face-to-face and online learning brings about changes in instructional practice. This paper introduces hybrid teaching that uses multiple web-based tools to supplement the students' face-to-face learning environment in a difficult situation in Thailand. In order to examine factors related to student learning achievement in the hybrid teaching course, data regarding learning achievement score, amount of participation, comfort with technology, and course satisfaction were collected from 182 students enrolled in an English course and analyzed by using correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicated that students had a moderate level of satisfaction with the hybrid course and comfort with technology use, and previous experience of hybrid courses did not have an effect on their satisfaction. Student learning achievement was positively correlated with how much participation students had, but was negatively correlated with students' comfort with technology. There were no correlations between student learning achievement and how satisfied they felt with the hybrid course. In addition, an analysis of benefits and drawbacks of this hybrid course allowed teachers insights into what changes were needed when adjusting the hybrid course for language teaching.
Enterprise 2.0 in Engineering Curriculum
Authors: Ahrens Andreas , Bassus Olaf , Zaščerinska Jeļena
Published: April 2015

Engineering education is facing a challenge to bring e-business closer to student engineers. Enterprise 2.0 application in engineering education advances engineering students' enterprise for the development of innovative products, processes, and services. The aim of the research is to analyze student engineers' Enterprise 2.0 application underpinning elaboration of pedagogical guidelines on student engineers' Enterprise 2.0 application in engineering curriculum. The meaning of key concepts of Enterprise 2.0 and engineering curriculum is studied. Moreover, the study indicates how the steps of the process are related following a logical chain: Enterprise 2.0 ? engineering curriculum design ? modelling Enterprise 2.0 application in engineering curriculum ? empirical study within a multicultural environment. The present empirical research was conducted during the Baltic Summer School “Technical Informatics and Information Technology” in 2009, 2010, and 2011. The findings of the research allow drawing the conclusions that student engineers' Enterprise 2.0 application in engineering curriculum is efficient.