bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Hope for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD): A Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Conducted in the Symptomatic Treatments for Agitation and Psychosis Episodes in Alzheimer’s Disease/Dementia
Authors: Qasim Haider Saddam , Donna Maree Donna
Published: January 2022

Background: The psychomotor agitation of the BPSD is one of the common issues in aged care facilities, leading to the poor functional and medical consequences. Psychotropic interventions are the preferable choice of treatment. But which medication should be the prescribers first preference? This review aims to compare pharmacological interventions for psychomotor agitation, judging them according to their effectuality and justifiability profiles. This is to be achieved by retrieving information from RCTs and systematic reviews. Objectives: This review evaluates evidence from RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of BPSD patients who had taken agitation treatments. Assessing the efficacy of antidepressants and antipsychotic treatments when compared to each other for the purpose of improving agitation outcomes. Methods: This narrative review includes RCTs and retrospective studies that were comparing one or more active ingredient medications with another or with a placebo, along with sys-tematic reviews comparing antidepressants with antipsychotics such as quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. Studies extracted by searching accessing databases, such as PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane with restrictions of date from 2000 to 2021 and English language. Quality of evidence: The quality of systematic reviews was judged against AMSTAR score, and RCTs were judged according to CONSORT checklist for RCT protocols. Conclusion: There are still few studies of serotonin targeting treatment of agitation in BPSD. The SSRIs such as citalopram were associated with a reduction in symptoms of agitation, and lower risk of adverse effects compared to antipsychotics. This review also illustrates brexpiprazole as a target of multimodal neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine; and dextromethorphan, OR dextromethorphan associated with bupropion or quinidine as a blockade of NMDA receptors. The outcome of this review suggests that further studies involving more dementia/Alzheimer’s participants should be conducted. Future studies are required also to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of SSRI, brexpiprazole, dextromethorphan treatments for agitation in BPSD.
Line × tester Study in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Important Biochemical and Morphological Traits
Authors: Kumar Anand , Singh Lokendra , Kaushik Prashant
Published: January 2022

: Using line × tester analysis, the current research analyses parental genotypes and their combinations in normal conditions and identifies the genes influencing yield characteristics. In the present study, 15 diverse genotypes, including 10 lines, 5 testers, and 50 F1s hybrids, were evaluated for 13 morphological and 2 biochemical traits. A suitable location was taken to study the effect of 15 characters. The results exposed that ability mean squares were significant for all studied additive and non-additive components. In this direction, the general combining ability of PBW-343, DBW-39, K-402, K-1317, KRL-210, and K-68 were higher than the remaining parents. For morphological traits like yield, the top five crosses were described based on SCA effects, namely, HD-3086 × HD-3171, K-402 × K-9107, K-1317 × K-9107, HD-2967 × K-0307 and K-402 × K-68 in F1 generation. In addition, the high value of heritability was estimated for plant height (77.32%), spike length (32.26%), biological yield/plant (59.52%), and grain yield/plant (68.76%). However, the moderate values of heritability were estimated for days to maturity (22.78%) and phenol color reaction (18.00%). The higher genetic advance was not found for recorded characters; however, a moderate genetic advance was recorded for grain yield per plant (13.15%) and harvest index (11.72%). High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was recorded for two characters grain yield per plant and harvest index in F1 and F2 generations.
Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation Between Artificially Ripened and Naturally Ripened Pineapples (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Robbani Rahat Bin , Talukder Rasel , Zubair Md. Abu , KHAN SHUMSUZZAMAN
Published: January 2022

The number of artificially ripened pineapples is outnumbered than the naturally ripened pineapples. However, there is a lack of understanding between artificially ripened and naturally ripened pineapples. Thus the inquiry was anticipated to explore the physicochemical changes and organoleptic acceptability of the naturally ripened and artificially ripened pineapples. Farmers used different chemicals such as calcium carbide, ethylene, besides growth hormones to reduce production loss. Here we evaluated the content of moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, reducing sugar, total sugar, titratable acidity, sucrose, and vitamin C in both naturally ripened and artificially ripened pineapples. Artificially ripened pineapples showed a significantly lower vitamin C than naturally ripened ones, but arsenic content was nil in both samples. In the case of color and appearance, there was no significant difference between the two samples, but in case of the other organoleptic properties, such as flavor, sweetness, sourness, the natural one was more acceptable. Thus naturally ripened pineapples are more beneficial to consumers than artificially ripened ones.
USE WEBSITE FOR LITERACY SCIENCE: COULD INCREASE SELF-INDEPENDENT LEARNING FOR STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL?
Authors: Febriani Dewi , Lestari Ika , Fahrurrozi
Published: January 2022

The digital age in the pandemic requires self-reliance in learning. Toward to train and develop the character of student self-regulated learning, this website presents a media visualization that can support the improvement of feelings of student independence through science literacy activities. This research aims to develop student independence in elementary school used website media that provides content in science literacy activities. The sample of this study is second-grade students from Pondok Kelapa 04 elementary school, East Jakarta, Indonesia, in the 2020/2021 school year. The results showed that a media site is known as Wetracy (Website for Literacy) influenced the development of the character of independence of second-grade students in science literacy activities. Thus, the study concluded that website media could effectively stimulate student’s self-reliance character in science literacy.

keywords: independent character; literacy science; website; elementary school; self-reliance.
Composite microbialites: Thrombolite, dendrolite, and stromatolite associations in a modern environment, Pozo Bravo lake, Salar de Antofalla, Catamarca Puna, Argentina
Authors: Lencina Agustina I. , Soria Mariana N. , Gomez Fernando J. , Gérard Emmanuelle , Farias M. Eugenia
Published: January 2022

Pozo Bravo is a high-altitude Andean lake that harbors modern microbialites thriving in hypersaline conditions in the Salar de Antofalla, one of the driest sites on Earth and located in the Puna region of Catamarca, northwest Argentine. Due to the lake physiography, microbialites are restricted to a narrow belt following Pozo Bravo lake variations. Microbialites exhibit a wide range of external morphologies including domal, discoidal, tabular, and horseshoe-like bioherms which vary considerably in size, as well as large biostromal terraces. As documented by other studies on modern microbialites, external morphology appears to be mainly the product of the environmental setting. In Pozo Bravo lake, high evaporation rates and hypersalinity (driven by high temperature and strong winds), water-level fluctuations, and lake-bottom topography are major controlling factors. The distinctive feature of Pozo Bravo microbialites is their internal structure, showing a gradual transition from a thrombolitic core to dendrolitic structures and to a sharply overlying stromatolitic layer within a single microbialite. We suggest that these various microbialite textures represent a gradual change within an environmental gradient based on lake-level variations, and the influence of these environmental factors on biological activity, mainly by cyanobacteria and diatoms. The study of this site is particularly relevant given that it represents an active system where progressive changes in microbialite type (from thrombolites to dendrolites and stromatolites) are recorded, providing an excellent natural laboratory to study these textural changes from a mechanistic perspective, and it may provide insights for better understanding of the microbialite geological record. In addition, given that these systems are threatened by human activities (mining of lithium-rich brines), its study and preservation are necessary.
THE EFFECT OF MUDHARABAH, MUSHARAKA, AND IJARAH FINANCING TO RETURN ON EQUITY IN BANK BRI SHARIA PERIOD 2016-2020
Authors: Filia Fransiska  , Asmak Ab Rahman  , Shinta Maharani
Published: January 2022

Aim of this research is the phenomenon on the 2016-2020 financial statements of BRI Syariah Bank. It shows that the increase in  income is not always followed by an increase in Return On Equity (ROE) at BRI Syariah Bank, vice versa. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mudharabah, musyaraka, and ijarah  both in the long and short term on Return On Equity (ROE). The method of this study used quantitative methods, and used secondary data. The population and sample used in this study are BRI Syariah Bank monthly reports, including mudharabah, musyaraka, and ijarah  in the 2016-2020 period. The analytical method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) with the Eviews program. The results in this study indicate that in the short term and long term, mudharabah  has a significant positive effect on return on equity (ROE), the short term results show that the t-statistic (t-count) is greater than the t-critical (2.833045>2.002247). . Meanwhile, the results of the long-term test show that the t-statistic (t-count) is more significant than t-critical (2.467613>2.002247). Musharaka  in the short term and long term affects the return on equity (ROE). The short-term results show that the t-statistic (t-count) is greater than the t-critical (2.909601>2.002247). Meanwhile, the results of the long-term test show that the t-statistic (t-count) is more significant than t-critical (2.733504>2.002247). While ijarah  in the short term and the long term does not affect the return on equity (ROE), the short term results show that the t-statistic (t-count) is greater than the t-critical (1.330407<2.002247). Meanwhile, the results of the long-term test show that the t-statistic (t-count) is more significant than t-critical (1.256261<2.002247). Simultaneously, in the short term, mudharabah, Musharaka, and ijarah  have a significant and positive effect on the return on equity (ROE) of 23.8249%. While in the long term, it has a significant effect of 28.3164%.
Papel da pesquisa e extensão na compreensão das doenças de aves com impacto na saúde pública aplicada aos estudantes de Medicina Veterinária
Authors: Moreira Fabiana , Rosa Maria Eduarda , Schwegler Elizabeth , Peripolli Vanessa
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação de uma prática pedagógica relacionada ao papel da pesquisa e extensão na compreensão e controle das principais doenças que envolvem espécies de aves domésticas e silvestres, com impacto na saúde pública. A aula foi ministrada na disciplina de Doenças das Aves Domésticas para os alunos do sétimo semestre de Medicina Veterinária do Instituto Federal Catarinense Campus Araquari com base no plano de aula. A classe foi dividida em 5 grupos de alunos a fim de realizar a busca, seleção, leitura e apresentação com discussão de artigos-técnicos-científicos advindos de sites específicos. Os temas foram voltados para as doenças que envolvem as aves domésticas e silvestres, considerando o impacto sobre a saúde da população e seus métodos de controle e profilaxia. Após apresentação e discussão dos artigos, foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas referentes ao assunto específico dos artigos científicos apresentados. Os estudantes preencheram um formulário do google forms para registrar a percepção referente as atividades desenvolvidas. Baseado no diário reflexivo e na percepção dos alunos frente ao tema abordado e as metodologias aplicadas durante todo o processo do plano de aula, acreditamos ter alcançado nossos objetivos. O tema proposto foi bem aceito pelos alunos e as metodologias aplicadas também, discutindo e ressaltando a importância das doenças que impactam na saúde pública que envolvem as aves domésticas e silvestres, relevantes no contexto atual, que necessitam ser conhecidos e debatidos dentro e fora da sala de aula.
A pegada ecológica como atividade investigativa: uma intersecção entre o ensino de ciências e matemática
Authors: Aparecida Pereira Sandy , Do Amaral e Silva Müller Gabrielle
Published: January 2022

Este estudo surgiu de uma proposta de intervenção com objetivo de sensibilizar os estudantes de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) sobre a preservação do recurso hídrico por meio de metodologia ativa baseada na Pegada Ecológica e sequência didática de ensino por investigação. A proposta didática – metodológica conta com atividades e ações fundamentadas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática associada com conhecimentos de Ciências. As ações desenvolvidas referem-se à unidade temática da água e após aplicação do estudo foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios com relação a reflexão e conscientização dos alunos e de toda a comunidade escolar no sentido de reconhecer que a ciência não se desvincula da Matemática, sequer a Matemática se desenvolve sem os princípios científicos.
A Matemática na fabricação de Sabão: algumas reflexões sobre o uso da Etnomodelagem em sala de aula
Authors: Schwingel Tainá Stumpf , Petry Thomas , Reisdoefer Deise Nivia
Published: January 2022

A necessidade de separar, reciclar e reutilizar os resíduos gerados têm emergido com uma das principais formas de minimizar os impactos ambientais referentes à extração e produção de novos itens, um exemplo disso, é a fabricação caseira de sabão a partir de restos de gordura animal ou de óleo de cozinha realizada no oeste catarinense. Sabendo da importância de resgatar os contextos culturais dos alunos e estabelecer relações com os tópicos abordados dentro da sala de aula, esse artigo tem o intuito de relatar uma oficina que relacionou Matemática e a fabricação do sabão. Em decorrência da pandemia, a oficina foi realizada de forma remota por meio de encontros via Google Meet, com uma turma do 8° ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola de Educação Básica de um município de Concórdia - Santa Catarina. Tendo em vista que Educação Ambiental é geradora de uma nova maneira de interpretar e de conviver em harmonia com o meio ambiente, a oficina abordou também a importância da conscientização sobre os malefícios do uso desordenado dos recursos naturais, bem como formas de auxiliar na sua preservação e manutenção destes. Como resultado da oficina, percebeu-se que, por meio da Matemática, os alunos compreenderam a importância e a necessidade de reutilizar, separar, consumir e produzir menos resíduos. Promovendo, assim, a formação de cidadãos reflexivos e conscientes sobre suas ações e o impacto destas no meio ambiente, ao mesmo tempo em que ampliaram conhecimentos matemáticos relacionados ao tema.
Apresentação
Authors: Reisdoefer Deise Nivia
Published: January 2022

Iniciamos 2022 com a publicação da terceira edição da Revista CONTRAPONTO: Discussões Científicas e Pedagógicas em Ciências, Matemática e Educação. O volume conta com 12 manuscritos subdivididos nas seções Artigos Científicos, Relatos de Experiências e Resenhas. Os trabalhos que compõem esta edição abrangem temáticas relacionadas às áreas de Ensino, Educação e Interdisciplinar, pesquisadas e experienciadas na Educação Básica, no Ensino Superior e, por vezes, na relação entre ambos. Apesar da convivência com uma pandemia, as áreas educacionais demonstram, a partir dos textos aqui publicados, que a escola e a universidade não estagnaram. A coletânea apresentada a seguir discute temáticas variadas, especialmente voltadas às metodologias de ensino alternativas ao modelo tradicional de ensino, ao uso positivo de ferramentas tecnológicas, à interdisciplinaridade e aos variados formatos de coletas de dados e informações para constituição das escritas.
Turismo de saúde no Brasil: aportes desde a produção acadêmica (2004-2020)
Authors: Rodríguez Adriana Dennise
Published: January 2022

O turismo de saúde tem sido uma temática pouco desenvolvida no Brasil, mas começou a ganhar atenção e importância pelo seu aporte econômico. No entanto, suas consequências sociais (principalmente quanto ao acesso a saúde) não são muito bem conhecidas, motivo pelo qual é importante conhecer o estado das discussões deste segmento turístico. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma análise dos produtos acadêmicos feitos no Brasil (presentes em Google Scholar e PubMed) sobre esta temática no período 2004-2020, a qual revelou que, pese a incipiência dos debates, se começa a ter uma preocupação visível –desde muitas disciplinas, entre elas a geografia– com o frágil equilíbrio existente na provisão de serviços de saúde no Brasil, mesmo que pode sofrer alterações com o atendimento de pacientes estrangeiros.
Performance of 15 Years of Hydraulic Fracturing of Oil Wells in South of Oman
Authors: Molenaar Mathieu M. , Al-Ghaithi Ali , Kindi Said , Alawi Fahad
Published: January 2022

The first application of Hydraulic Fracturing in the South Oman started in 2000 to enhance water disposal wells. In 2004 the first oil wells were frac'ed. Although the technology was deployed many times, it never grew into a conventional practice. From 2004 to 2017 on average 5 Oil Wells were hydraulically fractured on yearly basis.

In November 2017, a Hydraulic Fracturing Maturation & Expansion Workshop was conducted with the vision of growing the application by applying new frac concepts. A focused effort was initiated to drastically reduce cost, and simultaneously increase the scope by executing larger frac campaigns. The first hydraulic fracturing campaign introducing the frac new concepts, started end 2018 and a rapid growth from 5 wells per year to 45 wells per year was anticipated in the next three years.

This large growth of scope relied on a steady supply of frac candidates and needed to be supported by screening and selecting processes that are fit for purpose in finding candidates. Although more than a hundred wells had already been frac'ed wells, selection of the most appropriate wells for stimulation was and remains one of the greatest challenges.

A frac performance database was created for over 100 wells that had been hydraulically fracture stimulated to date. Recognizing that the frac performance depends on many variables ranging from subsurface properties to surface execution of the frac job, the size of the dataset proved to be too small to find correlations using sophisticated multivariable regression methods. Instead, the dataset was analyzed through careful investigation and evaluation of each frac job. In this paper the net oil gain will be used as the key success criteria i.e., value driver to demonstrates how effective the frac is achieving its business objective. Some 40% of the producers had been producing from the same zone before the hydraulic fracture stimulation. This provided the opportunity to understand the efficiency of the stimulation in terms of the "stimulation ratio" i.e., measuring the net oil gain.

This paper will focus on investigating the suitability of frac'ing the reservoir based on the initial production variables; Gross Rate and BS&W. Also, this paper will discuss benefits and impacts of Hoist versus Coiled-Tubing clean-out on the frac delivery process and compare the frac performance.

To date, the project demonstrated that hydraulic fracturing at low cost, can be applied as a viable development concept for producing oil wells, with the potential unlock additional and new reserves. Significant folds in production increase are possible from 2x to 7x.
Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Evaluation Based on Pre-Cambrian Tight Silicylate Reservoir in South Oman Salt Basin
Authors: Smirnov Dmitrii , Isaee Omar AL , Moiseenkov Alexey , Al Hadhrami Abdullah , Shabibi Hilal , Kaabi Saqer , Sayapov Ernest
Published: January 2022

Pre-Cambrian South Oman tight silicilyte reservoirs are very challenging for the development due to poor permeability less than 0.1 mD and laminated texture. Successful hydraulic fracturing is a key for the long commercial production. One of the main parameter for frac planning and optimization is fracture geometry. The objective of this study was summarizing results comparison from different logging methods and recommended best practices for logging program targeting fracture geometry evaluation.

The novel method in the region for hydraulic fracture height and orientation evaluation is cross-dipole cased hole acoustic logging. The method allows to evaluate fracture geometry based on the acoustic anisotropy changes after frac operations in the near wellbore area. The memory sonic log combined with the Gyro was acquired before and after frac operations in the cased hole. The acoustic data was compared with Spectral Noise log, Chemical and Radioactive tracers, Production Logging and pre-frac model. Extensive logging program allow to complete integrated evaluation, define methods limitations and advantages, summarize best practices and optimum logging program for the future wells.

The challenges in combining memory cross-dipole sonic log and gyro in cased hole were effectively resolved. The acoustic anisotropy analysis successfully confirms stresses and predominant hydraulic fractures orientation. Fracture height was confirmed based on results from different logging methods. Tracers are well known method for the fracture height evaluation after hydraulic frac operations. The Spectral Noise log is perfect tool to evaluate hydraulically active fracture height in the near wellbore area. The combination of cased hole acoustic and noise logging methods is a powerful complex for hydraulic fracture geometry evaluation. The main limitations and challenges for sonic log are cement bond quality and hole conditions after frac operations. Noise log has limited depth of investigation. However, in combination with production and temperature logging provides reliable fit for purpose capabilities.

The abilities of sonic anisotropy analysis for fracture height and hydraulic fracture orientation were confirmed. The optimum logging program for fracture geometry evaluation was defined and recommended for replication in projects were fracture geometry evaluation is required for hydraulic fracturing optimization.
Improved Efficiency and Reliability of Hydraulic Fracture Modeling and Design with Standardized Stress Inputs for South Oil Fields in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Zadjali Ruqaiya , Mahaja Sandeep , M. Molenaar Mathieu
Published: January 2022

Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) is widely used in PDO in low permeability tight gas formations to enhance production. The application of HF has been expanded to the Oil South as conventional practice in enhancing the recovery and production at lower cost.

HF stimulation is used in a number of prospects in the south Oman, targeting sandstone formations such as Gharif, Al Khlata, Karim and Khaleel, most of which have undergone depletion.

Fracture dimension are influenced by a combination of operational, well design and subsurface parameters such as injected fluid properties, injection rate, well inclination and azimuth, rock mechanical properties, formation stresses (i.e. fracture pressures) etc. Accurate fracture pressure estimate in HF design and modeling improves reliability of HF placement, which is the key for improved production performance of HF. HF treatments in the studied fields provide large volumes of valuable data.

Developing standardized tables and charts can streamline the process to generate input parameters for HF modeling and design in an efficient and consistent manner. Results of the study can assist with developing guidelines and workflow and for HF operations.

Field HF data from more than 100 wells in south Oman fields were analyzed to derive the magnitude of breakdown pressure (BP), Fracture Breakdown Pressure (FBP), Instantaneous Shut-In Pressure (ISIP) pressure, and Fracture Closure Pressure (FCP) and develop input correlations for HF design. Estimated initial FCP (in-situ pore pressure conditions) is in the range of 15.6 - 16 kPa/mTVD at reservoir formation pressure gradient of about 10.8 kPa/m TVD bdf. However, most of the fields have undergone variable degree of depletion prior to the HF operation. Horizontal stresses in the reservoir decrease with depletion, it is therefore important to assess the reduction of FCP with reduction in pore pressure (stress depletion). Depletion stress path coefficient (i.e. change on FCP as a fraction of change in pore pressure) was derived based on historic field data and used to predict reduction of FCP as a function of future depletion. Data from this field indicates that the magnitude of decrease in fracture pressure is about 50% of the pore pressure change.

Based on the data analysis of available HF data, standardized charts and tables were developed to estimate FCP, FBP, and ISIP values. Ratios of FBP and ISIP to FCP were computed to establish trend with depth to provide inputs to HF planning and design. Results indicate FBP/FCP ratio ranges between 1.24-1.35 and ISIP/FCP ratio ranges between 1.1 to 1.2.

Developed workflow and standardized tables, charts and trends provide reliable predictions inputs for HF modeling and design. Incorporating these data can be leveraged to optimize parameters for HF design and modeling for future wells.
4D Geomechanical Research for Fracturing Optimization of Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Zheng Sheng , Zhou Wei , Wang Xiaoguang , Chen Liang , Xie Dan , Cheng Hongjie , Lian Liming , Jiang Zhibin , Qu Huailin , Qu Liming , Qi Lisha , Yang Xiao
Published: January 2022

China has abundant low-permeability oil and gas resources. A lot of practice has proved that low-permeability reservoirs must undergo hydraulic fracturing to obtain commercial production capacity. Geomechanical characteristics are the key factor for fracturing. It plays a very important role in the oil field exploration and production. It is not only the driving force for oil and gas migration, but also provides a basis for wellbore stability analysis and drilling optimization design. The state of the formation stress field and the mechanical properties of the rock jointly determine the direction, shape and orientation of the fracture extension of the fracturing. Together it affects the stimulation effect of fracturing. Realizing the high-efficiency development of low-permeability reservoirs is a key and difficult problem facing for oil filed operator. Horizontal wells drilling and hydraulic fracturing are the core technology for increasing single well production in low-permeability reservoirs. The effectiveness of reservoir reconstruction directly determines the production capacity of the reservoir. In order to clarify the influence of static and dynamic geomechanics on the scale of reservoir stimulation in the process of horizontal well fracturing, and ultimately provide effective technical support for the formulation and optimization of reservoir stimulation design. This study is based on the study of single well one-dimensional geomechanics, using the structural characteristics and seismic attributes of low-permeability reservoirs to study the characteristics of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of mechanics. On this basis, combined with real-time fracturing treatment data and micro-seismic monitoring data, dynamic (four-dimensional) stress field simulations are continuously carried out. The research results can be mainly used to guide the optimization of reservoir stimulation and the evaluation of filed development plan.
No Need for Radio Active Tracer When Mother Nature Helps Detecting the Effective Hydraulic Fracture Height
Authors: Lukmanov Rinat , Jabri Said , Ibrahim Ehab
Published: January 2022

The tight gas reservoirs of Haima Supergroup provide the majority of gas production in the Sultanate of Oman. The paper discusses a possibility of using the anomalies from natural radioactivity to evaluate the fracture height for complex tight gas in mature fields of Oman.

The standard industry practice is adding radioactive isotopes to the proppant. Spectral Gamma Ray log is used to determine near wellbore traced proppant placement. Spectral Noise log in combination with Production logs helps to identify the active fractures contributing to production. These methods complement each other, but they are obviously associated with costs. Hence, majority of wells are fracced without tracers or any other fracture height diagnostics. However, in several brown fields, an alternative approach to identify fracture height has been developed which provides fit-for-purpose results. It is based on the analysis of naturally occurring radioactive minerals (NORM) precipitation. The anomalies were observed in the many gas reservoirs even in cases when tracers were not used. At certain conditions, these anomalies can be used to characterize fracture propagation and optimize future wells hydraulic Fracture design.

A high number of PLTs and well test information were analyzed. Since tight formations normally don't produce without fracturing, radioactive anomalies flag the contributing intervals and hence fracture propagation. The main element of analysis procedure is related to that fact that if no tracers applied, the discrepancy between normalized Open Hole Gamma Ray and Gamma Ray taken during PLT after 6-12 months of production can be used instead to establish fracture height. This method cannot be applied for immediate interpretation of fracture propagation because time is required to precipitate NORM and using the anomalies concept. The advantage of this method is that it can be used in some fields to estimate the frac effectiveness of wells without artificial tracers.

It is normally assumed that the Natural radioactivity anomalies appear mainly due to co-production of the formation water. However, in the fields of interest the anomalies appear in wells producing only gas and condensate. This observation provides an opportunity for active fracture height determination at minimum cost.
Transcriptome Analysis of Cultivated and Wild Ginseng in Different Growth Years Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of Ginsenosides
Authors: Fang Xiaoxue , Wang Manqi , Zhou Xinteng , Wang Huan , Wang Huaying , Xiao Hongxing
Published: January 2022

Background: As a famous Chinese medicine, ginseng has been used in the world for nearly 5,000 years. Wild ginseng is endangered due to environmental damage. Thus, cultivated ginseng is developed to replace wild ginseng. The morphological and physiological characteristics of both wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng change during growth, and the mechanism of this change is not yet understood. Results: This study performed transcriptome sequencing on the roots, stems and leaves of cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng with different growth years, exploring the effect of growth years on gene expression in ginseng. The number of DEGs in cultivated ginseng is more than that in wild ginseng. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we found that the growth years significantly affected the gene expression of MAPK signaling pathway - plant and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway in cultivated ginseng, but had no effects in wild ginseng. Furthermore, the growth years had significant effects on the genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in cultivated ginseng, and the effects were different in the roots, stems and leaves. However, it had little influence on the expression of genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in wild ginseng and no effect on leaves. These results showed wild ginseng was less affected by growth years than cultivated ginseng. Furthermore, HMGR, SS, DXS, DS, IspF, AACT, CYP450 and UGTs were related with MYB, NAC, AP2/ERF, bHLH and WRKY transcription factors. Growth years may regulate genes for ginsenoside synthesis by influencing these transcription factors, thereby affecting the content of ginsenosides. Conclusions: This study complemented the gaps in the genetic information of wild ginseng in different growth periods and different tissues and provided a new insight into the mechanism of ginsenoside regulation.
Hydrochemical and Stable Isotope Analyses Show Limited Interactions Between Groundwater and Lake Water in the Lake Bosomtwi Impact Crater, Ghana.
Authors: Loh Yvonne Sena Akosua , Fynn Obed Fiifi , Manu Evans , Afrifa George Yamoah , Addai Millicent Obeng , Akurugu Bismark Awinbire , Yidana Sandow Mark
Published: January 2022

The relationship between groundwater and surface water in the Lake Bosumtwi impact crater has been assessed using hydrochemical data and stable water isotopes of δ18O and δD. This study aimed to define likely groundwater flow and recharge zones, estimate the rate of evaporation, and examine the relationship between the lake and groundwater in the study area. The results of Q-Mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) clearly differentiate the lake water from the groundwater based on their spatial relationship. These preliminary results indicated that groundwater recharge occurs on the hilltops of the crater, where it is slightly acidic with low levels of dissolved minerals, characterized by short residence time and rapid unrestricted vertical infiltration and recharge. The groundwater becomes more mineralized with longer contact times and deeper circulation with the host rock, while it flows from the recharge areas towards the lake at lower elevations. Analyses of stable water isotopes of δ18O and δD showed a high evaporation rate on the lake surface, of ~90% with a relatively significant evaporative enrichment, whereas groundwater showed a relatively lower evaporation rate ranging between 54-60%. Both reservoirs do not appear to be hydraulically connected, and where such a connection exists, it is expected to favour the lake.
Total Hip Arthroplasty: Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12)
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Salvatore Giuseppe , De Salvatore Sergio , Santamaria Giulia , Indiveri Anna , Piergentili Ilaria , De Marinis Maria Grazia , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: January 2022

Background: Patient’s satisfaction after surgery was traditionally assessed by pre, and post-surgical scores and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) scales. Patients treated by Total hip arthroplasty (THA) usually perform well; therefore, it is useful to have a PROMs’ scale with a low ceiling effect as the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12). PROMs have to be validated in the local language to be used. This study aims to perform a psychometric validation of the Italian version of FJS-12 in a group of consecutive patients treated by THA.Methods: Each patient completed both the Italian version of FJS-12 and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) in preoperative evaluation, after two weeks and 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperative follow-up. The reliability, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error were evaluated.Results: 53 patients were included. Cronbach’s α between 0.6 and 0.9 indicated good internal consistency for the FJS-12. The test-retest reliability was acceptable. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the FJS-12 and WOMAC was 0.238 (P=0.087) at baseline, r = 0.637 (P < 0.001) at 1 month, r = 0.490 (P < 0.001) at 3 months and r = 0.572 (P < 0.001) at 6 months. The ceiling effect was above the acceptable range (15%) for FJS-12 in 1 month (26.4%) and WOMAC in 6 months follow-up (24.5%).Conclusions: An excellent test-retest reliability, a good internal consistency, and a good validity by medium-high correlation with the WOMAC were assessed for FJS-12. However, the responsiveness for the FJS-12 score was not assessed.
Shared Manufacturing in A Differentiated Duopoly with Capacity Constraints
Authors: Chen Junlong , Sun Chaoqun , Liu Jiali
Published: January 2022

This study sets up a differentiated duopoly model considering capacity constraints and shared manufacturing, investigates the equilibrium results, examines the effects of product differentiation and capacity constraints in three scenarios, and compares the equilibrium outcomes in three cases under Cournot and Stackelberg competition. We find that capacity constraints affect the relationships among product differentiation, equilibrium results, and the market share of enterprises. Shared manufacturing impacts the degree of excess capacity, profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare; however, it may sometimes play a negative role in alleviating excess capacity. Moreover, Cournot competition is a better choice for enterprises with capacity constraints compared to Stackelberg competition.
Self-controlled Sequencing Suggests that Somatic Mutations of Signaling, Transcription and Tumor Suppression Genes are a Precondition for AML Transformation in MDS
Authors: Xu Feng , Wu Ling-Yun , Guo Juan , He Qi , Zhang Zheng , Li Xiao
Published: January 2022

Background
The transformation biology of secondary AML from MDS is still not fully understood. Here, we performed a large cohort of paired self-controlled sequences including target, whole-exome and single cell sequencing to search AML transformation-related mutations (TRMs).
Methods
39 target genes from paired samples from 72 patients with MDS who had undergone AML transformation were analyzed by next generation target sequencing. Whole exome and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to verify the dynamics of transformation.
Results
The target sequencing results showed that sixty-four out of the 72 (88.9%) patients presented presumptive TRMs involving activated signaling, transcription factors, or tumor suppressors. Of the 64 patients, most of TRMs (62.5%, 40 cases) emerged at the leukemia transformation point. All three of the remaining eight patients analyzed by paired whole exome sequencing showed TRMs which are not included in the reference targets. No patient with MDS developed into AML only by acquiring mutations involved in epigenetic modulation or RNA splicing. Single-cell sequencing in one pair sample indicated that the activated cell signaling route was related to TRMs which take place prior to phenotypic development. Of note, target sequencing defined TRMs were limited to a small set of seven genes (in the order: NRAS/KRAS, CEBPA, TP53, FLT3, CBL, PTPN11 and RUNX1, accounted for nearly 90.0% of the TRMs).
Conclusions
Somatic mutations involving in signaling, transcription factors, or tumor suppressors appeared to be a precondition for AML transformation from MDS. The TRMs may be considered as new therapy targets.
Effect of Neoadjuvant Iodine-125 Brachytherapy Upon Resection of Glioma
Authors: Wang Congxiao , Liu Chao , Jiang Han , Zhang Wei , Yang Lili , Li Xueda , Li Zixiang , Peng Lijing , Hu Xiaokun , Sun Peng
Published: January 2022

Background: A more extensive surgical resection of glioma contributes to improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). However, some of the patients lost the chance of surgical resection when the tumor involves critical structures. Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of neoadjuvant 125I brachytherapy followed by total gross resection for initially inoperable glioma.Methods:Six patients diagnosed with inoperable glioma due to invasion of eloquent areas, bi-hemispheric diffusion, or large tumor volume received 125I brachytherapy. Surgical resection was performed when the tumor shrank, allowing a safe resection, assessed by the neurosurgeons. Patients were followed up after surgery.Results:Tumor shrinkage after adjuvant 125I brachytherapy enabled a total gross resection of all six patients. Four patients were still alive at the last follow-up, with the longest survival time of more than 50 months, two of which returned to a normal life with the KPS of 100. Another two patients got a neurological injury with the KPS of 80 and 50, respectively. One patient with grade Ⅱ glioma died 34 months, and another patient with grade Ⅳ glioma died 40 months later after the combined therapy.Conclusions: In the present study, the results demonstrated that 125I brachytherapy enabled a complete resection of patients with initially unresectable gliomas. 125I brachytherapy may offer a proper neoadjuvant therapy method for glioma.
Mineralogy and physic-chemical characteristics of indurated shale quarry waste and influence of firing temperature on their ceramic properties for incorporation in production of roofing tile
Authors: Nweke Obisi Matthias , Omeokachie Adolphus I , Okogbue Celestine O , Eze Hilary N
Published: January 2022

Quarry wastes from indurated shales with huge reserves across Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria were evaluated for use as raw materials in manufacturing of roofing tile. Firstly, the indurated shales were investigated by their mineralogical (X-ray diffraction, XRD), chemical (X-ray fluorescence) and physical (grain size distribution and Atterberg limits) characteristics. As technologies of building-related ceramic production involved firing to varying temperatures, ISQW samples were fired to determine their technological properties (linear shrinkage, weight loss, water absorption, bulk density and flexural strength). From the results, ISQWs composed predominately of fine particles (clayey-silt) with medium plasticity. The XRD revealed predominance of illite-chlorite-vermiculite with high contents of quartz and variable percentage of carbonate and feldspar. The oxides were dominated by SiO2 and Al2O3, low contents of ferromagnesian elements with considerable amounts of alkali (K2O and Na2O) which can act as fluxes and may have effect during sintering. The CaO concentrations are variable and relate to carbonate contents. Characterizations based on compositional ternary, clay workability chart and Winkler diagrams revealed their acceptable level for ceramic applications. The Winkler and McNally diagrams revealed heterogeneous behaviors as the samples fell within vertical corrugated bricks, perforated products and tiles production. The ISQWs fired at 1000oC revealed considerable weight loss, linear shrinkage and water absorption with unsatisfactory performance for flexural strength. Flexural strength increased as firing temperature increased due to the formation of dense phase. Beneficiation of ISQWs in order to achieve excellent properties and reduce sintering temperature for their usability in production of roofing tiles is recommended.
Fleeting: a Novel Ultrasonic Vocalization in Mice That Allows to Define Altered Developmental Milestones in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ferreira Helena , Santos Sofia , Martins João , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Gonçalves Joana
Published: January 2022

A major mode of rodent communication occurs through ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which are influenced by environmental factors, mouse strain or genetic background and, importantly, by developmental stage. However, few studies have looked into the age-dependent evolution of spectral features of mouse USVs. Here, we report the existence of a novel vocalization, previously unreported, which we named “Fleeting” consisting of two acoustic elements produced with a narrow silent temporal interval between them. Strikingly, this vocalization pattern was extinguished after the second postnatal week, and this temporal pattern was associated with increased emission of Complex vocalizations, by gradual loss of the inter-element interval, suggesting a maturation process occurring at this time point. Importantly, the Fleeting vocalization was analyzed in a mouse model (Tsc2+/-) of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and showed an abnormal persistence, in particular in females which presented delayed conversion of Fleeting into Complex vocalizations compared with males. The identification of this novel vocalization represents an important insight into the maturation of mouse vocal repertoire and may be used as a developmental milestone in studies on neurodevelopmental disorders with communication impairments.
pH-Regulated Carbon Dots Fluorescence Sensor Array Detection of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions Under Stepwise Prediction
Authors: Xu Zijun , Liu Yuying , Chen Jiao , Wang Xiyuan , Liu Hao , Shi Qingdong , Wei Jianjie
Published: January 2022

As a large amount of heavy metals leaches into water sources from industrial effluents, heavy metal pollution has become an important factor affecting water quality. To enable the detection of multiple heavy metals, we constructed a pH-regulation fluorescence sensor array. Firstly, by adding a metal chelating agent as receptor, metal ions and carbon quantum dots (CDs) were connected to distinguish between Cr6+, Fe3+, Fe2+, and Hg2+ ions. Thus, the lack of affinity between the indicator functional groups and the analyte was solved. Secondly, by adjusting the pH environment of the solution system, an economical and simple array sensing platform is established, which effectively simplified the array construction. In this study, the SX-model was used in the field of fluorescence sensor array detection for metal ion recognition. Based on the strategy of stepwise prediction, combined with the classification and concentration models, the bottleneck of the unified model in previous studies was broken. This sensor array demonstrated sensitive detection of four heavy metal ions within a concentration range from 1 to 50 µM, with an accuracy of 95.45%. Moreover, it displayed the ability to efficiently identify binary mixed samples with an accuracy of 95.45%. Furthermore, metal ions in 15 real samples (lake water) were effectively discriminated with 100% accuracy. A chelating agent was used to improve the sensitivity of heavy metal ion detection and eventually led to high-precision prediction using the SX-model.
RNA Sequencing Analysis Between Ruptured and Un-Ruptured Brain AVM
Authors: Li Hao , Yan Zihan , Huo Ran , Ya Xiaolong , Xu Hongyuan , Jiao Yuming , Weng Jiancong , Wang Jie , Wang Shuo , cao yong
Published: January 2022

BackgroundBrain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) arises as congenital vascular abnormalities with a significant risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). RNA sequencing technology has been recently used to investigate the mechanism of diseases owing to its ability to identify the gene changes on a transcriptome-wide level. In this study, we aimed to gain insights into the potential mechanism involved in BAVM rupture. MethodsSixty-five BAVM nidus samples were collected among which 28 were ruptured and 37 were un-ruptured. Then next-generation RNA sequencing were performed on all of them to obtain differential expressed genes (DEGs) between these two groups. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate the involved biological processes and pathways by GO and KEGG analysis. Finally, univariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to obtain the early rupture-prone DEGs. Results: A total of 951 genes were differentially expressed between ruptured and un-ruptured BAVM group, of which 740 genes were up-regulated and 211 genes were down-regulated in ruptured BAVMs. Then bioinformatics analysis showed the biological processes and pathways related to the inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix organization were significantly enriched. Meanwhile, some of down-regulated genes are involved in cell adhesion and genes participating in response to muscle activity, as well as the terms about nervous system development. Finally, one hundred and twenty-five genes, a large number of which were involved in inflammation, were correlated with the early rupture of BAVMs. Conclusions: The up-regulated genes in ruptured BAVM group were involved in inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix organization while some of the down-regulated genes were participating in cell adhesion and myofibril assembly, indicating the role of enhanced inflammation and reduced vessel strength in BAVMs rupture.