bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aircrew Fatigue Perceptions, Fatigue Mitigation Strategies, and Circadian Typology
Authors: Morris Megan B. , Howland Jennifer P. , Amaddio Kelly M. , Gunzelmann Glenn
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Human fatigue is an important factor within aviation, leading organizations to develop strategies to assess and mitigate associated risks. The U.S. Air Force’s Air Mobility Command (AMC) conducted the current pilot study to assess fatigue-related risks and issues
in mobility operations. Specifically, we examined the relationship among fatigue perceptions, fatigue mitigation strategies, performance effectiveness graph reference, and circadian typology.METHODS: There were 21 volunteers from the Joint Base Charleston C-17 pilot community (Mage
= 28.67; SDage = 2.11; Proportionmale = 85.71%) who completed a survey. Items referred to fatigue perceptions, fatigue mitigation strategies, performance effectiveness graph reference, and circadian typology. We examined descriptive statistics, correlations among the
variables of interest, and possible moderation effects of circadian typology.RESULTS: Overall, aircrew perceived fatigue to be a serious safety of flight concern. Personal fatigue concerns and perceptions of pressure to continue missions despite fatigue were associated with increased
use of the strategy of limiting light exposure during sleep episodes (r = 0.49 and 0.47). Fatigue perceptions were not directly associated with performance effectiveness graph usage. Results suggested that morning type participants might be more likely to utilize specific fatigue mitigation
strategies when there are concerns of fatigue compared to evening types.DISCUSSION: Despite organizational efforts, fatigue continues to be a serious concern for the mobility community. This pilot study suggests that circadian typology might affect the relationship between fatigue
perceptions and fatigue mitigation strategies and resource use. Future research should further examine these relationships and their impact within fatigue risk management (FRM) programs.Morris MB, Howland JP, Amaddio KM, Gunzelmann G. Aircrew fatigue perceptions, fatigue mitigation
strategies, and circadian typology. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):363–368.
Quantification of Medical Risk on the International Space Station Using the Integrated Medical Model
Authors: Walton Marlei E. , Kerstman Eric L.
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) is a quantified, evidence-based decision support tool developed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to assist in the assessment of the medical risk of human spaceflight missions. The IMM utilizes a probabilistic
risk assessment (PRA) approach to simulate potential in-flight medical events and resultant health and mission outcomes.METHODS: The IMM has been utilized to estimate the medical risk associated with International Space Station (ISS) missions. The IMM outputs that have been most
informative to the ISS program are the probabilities of evacuation (pEVAC) and loss of crew life (pLOCL). These outputs are incorporated into a continuously maintained ISS PRA model so that its quantification of total ISS mission risk includes the medical risk.RESULTS: Results of
this analysis revealed that the forecasted risk values of pEVAC and pLOCL due to medical events were improved by using the IMM with the ISS PRA model instead of using data from prior sources in which these values were underestimated.DISCUSSION: The IMM provides an evidence-based
PRA approach to directly communicate and integrate medical risk with other ISS risks. A comparison of IMM outputs of pEVAC and pLOCL to empirical spaceflight data and analog population data revealed that IMM outputs were comparable with actual experience. With appropriate outcome context,
these findings increase subject matter expert confidence in the accuracy of IMM risk estimates. IMM outputs provide quantifiable objective estimates of medical risk that can be used to inform mission risk assessments and to optimize crew health.Walton ME, Kerstman EL. Quantification
of medical risk on the International Space Station using the Integrated Medical Model. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):332–342.
Scopolamine Treatment and Adaptation to Airsickness
Authors: Doron Omer , Samuel Orit , Karfunkel-Doron Daphne , Tal Dror
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Airsickness is a clinical syndrome manifesting in a variety of symptoms, particularly nausea and vomiting during flight. Studies of habituation to motion sickness in humans treated by scopolamine have produced conflicting results. The drug accelerated habituation,
but a rebound effect on symptom severity was observed after its withdrawal. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether scopolamine affects the adaptation process. We also evaluated the relationship between initial symptom severity and adaptation to airsickness.METHODS:
Aviator cadets in the first two stages of their training were divided into two groups, treated and not treated by scopolamine. Airsickness severity was evaluated using both simulator sickness and motion sickness questionnaires, and drug administration was recorded.RESULTS: A statistically
significant higher rate of adaptation was observed among the scopolamine-treated group compared with the nontreated group. On the simulator sickness questionnaire, rate of adaptation for the two groups was −0.21 ± 0.53 and −0.1 ± 0.17, respectively, and for the motion
sickness questionnaire −2.34 ± 1.54 and −0.91 ± 1.41, respectively. Examination of a possible connection between initial symptom severity and adaptation rate failed to reveal a significant relationship.CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of oral scopolamine
to accelerate habituation and find it a relatively safe short-term treatment for airsickness. Our results support the notion that scopolamine accelerates the natural adaptation process.Doron O, Samuel O, Karfunkel-Doron D, Tal D. Scopolamine treatment and adaptation to airsickness.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):313–317.
Novel Use of a Synthetic Training Device in the Rehabilitation of Chronic Neck Pain of Rotary Rear Crew
Authors: Jobges Sandra , Leaming Felicity
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Chronic flight-related neck pain is a common, well-recognized problem in military aircrew. The reasons for flight-related neck pain are multifactorial; however, there are currently no evidence-based guidelines for its prevention or clinical management. This case study
describes the novel use of a synthetic training device in the rehabilitation of a Chinook crewman with chronic neck pain.CASE REPORT: The patient is a 34-yr-old rear crewman with 10 yr flying experience in the Chinook helicopter. He has a history of intermittent neck and shoulder
pain since 2009 following a rugby injury. Over the years he has self-managed recurrent episodes of neck pain. However, in November 2017 his pain was so severe that he could no longer continue flying. This pain made him unfit for flying duties for 18 mo and he received intensive rehabilitation
and injection therapy. RAF Odiham’s new flying simulator was used in his return to flying program, so enabling him to become fully fit and return to all flying duties.DISCUSSION: Management and treatment of chronic flight-related neck pain is challenging. This case study highlights
the importance of a multifactorial management approach and how a synthetic training device can be used in the rehabilitation of rotary rear crew.Jobges S, Leaming F. Novel use of a synthetic training device in the rehabilitation of chronic neck pain of rotary rear crew. Aerosp
Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):369–372.
A Cross-Cultural Anthropometric Analysis in Military Aviation
Authors: Al Wardi Yousuf , Jeevarathinam Sasirajan , Al Sabei Saleh
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Aircrew-aircraft compatibility is important in military aviation for flight safety. Anthropometric aircrew selection standards in RAFO were embedded from the selection standards of western defense forces as the aircrafts were imported from there. Henceforth efforts
were made to fit local native aviators into aircrafts not initially designed for them. In view of this, this study was carried out to obtain the anthropometric data of Oman aircrew recruits and compare these with published western and eastern data with a hope to understand and highlight the
aircrew-aircraft mismatch issues, if any.METHODS: The anthropometric data of 2296 Omani recruits from 2003 to 2012 were collected and their statistical distribution of data was collated. Published data from the UK and Singapore were used to carry out the comparative distribution
of five anthropometric dimensions.RESULTS: Minimal differences were noted between Oman and Singaporean recruits whereas differences were most pronounced between Oman and Western populations (UK). Aircrew cadets from Oman, Singapore, and UK differed significantly in standing height.
The UK cadets (M = 177.4 cm) showed the highest standing height followed by Oman cadets (M = 171.9cm), and then Singapore cadets (M = 168.5 cm).DISCUSSION: This study has provided opportunities to recognize the discrepancies involved in selection of Middle Eastern aircrew for western
cockpits. This adds impetus to the scope for application of military recruitment standards suitable to the native population in aiding the ideal man-machine interface. This approach shall consider national policy, the significant anthropometric trends of the general population, and the procured
aircraft profile of the country.Al Wardi Y, Jeevarathinam S, Al Sabei S. A cross-cultural anthropometric analysis in military aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):358–362.
Headache Attack Similar to Paroxismal Hemicrania Seen During Flight
Authors: Koçer Abdulkadir
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: Airplane headache (AH) is unique to plane travel and looks like a short duration migraine attack or paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) attack without any autonomic symptoms. Until now, there has been no documented association between AH and PH.CASE REPORT: We
report a 50-yr-old healthy woman with a very severe and sudden pulsating headache located in the left frontal region with radiation into the left eye during takeoff which diminished within 10-15 min during her airplane journeys.DISCUSSION: The patient was diagnosed with AH and she
had good response to indomethacin. The pain was unique to plane travel but looked like PH. We discuss the association between AH and PH attack in the light of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approach in the report.Koçer A. Headache attack similar to paroxysmal hemicrania
seen during flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):373–375.
Line Breaks, Page Turns, and Gutters: Formal Moments of Silence in Children's Texts
Authors: Coats Karen
Published: June 2020

This essay explores the potential of blank spaces between and around words on a page as visual and verbal metaphors for silence as well as the alternative possibilities they offer for creating meaning. Through metaphorical readings of a diverse range of texts, including verse novels, picturebooks, and graphic narratives, the essay argues for resisting a Lacanian ethics of the Imaginary, which seeks closure through the imposition of totalising personal meanings onto readings of texts and other people, in favour of an ethics of the Real, which leaves open the possibility for incomplete and paradoxical meanings to appear.
‘As Long as I Can Do, I Will Do for Children’: Sindiwe Magona's Children's Literature
Authors: Schatteman Renée
Published: June 2020

Sindiwe Magona is a celebrated South African writer for children. Her books have appeared in both English and Xhosa and are widely prescribed and used in schools. This short essay on Magona and her works is followed by an interview conducted with her in 2019.
YENİDOĞAN YOĞUN BAKIM HEMŞİRELERİNİN SİGARA KULLANIMI, NİKOTİN BAĞIMLILIK DÜZEYLERİ VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BÜLBÜLOĞLU Semra , ÇOLAK Rüya
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada; yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi hemşirelerinin sigara içme nedenleri, kullanım düzeyleri ve bunu etkileyen faktörler incelendi. Tanımlayıcı-ilişki arayıcı türde olan bu araştırma, bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde görev yapan ve sigara kullanan hemşirelerin (n=32) katılımı ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sigara Kullanımına İlişkin Bilgi Formu, Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılık Testi ile toplandı. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS for Windows 25 paket programı kullanıldı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız t testi, tek yönlü varyans ve regresyon analizi, Bonferroni testi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar %95’lik güven aralığında, p<0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi. Yenidoğan yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin; %68’inin 18-27 yaş arası, tamamı kadın, %75’inin lisans ve üstü mezunu olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelerin %56’sı stres, %59’u maddi sorunlar nedeniyle sigara kullanmakta, %31’i günde 31 adetten fazla sigara içmektedir. Çalışmamızda yenidoğan yoğun bakımda 1 yıldan az süre çalışanların, 1 yıldan fazla süredir çalışanlara göre daha fazla nikotin bağımlılığı olduğu saptandı. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda; yenidoğan yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin nikotin bağımlılık düzeyinin çoğunlukla orta ve düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelerinin sigarayı bırakmasına yönelik stratejiler geliştirilmeli, eğitimler verilmelidir.
DETERMINATION OF AWARENESS OF MIDWIVES AND NURSES WORKING IN PRIMARY PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES REGARDING ORAL AND DENTAL HEALTH IN PREGNANCY
Authors: TOKER Eylem , BEKİROĞLU ERGÜN Tansel , AKBEN Mine , GÖÇEBE Berna
Published: June 2020

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the awareness of midwives and nurses regarding oral and dental health in pregnancy. The universe of the study consists of midwives and nurses working in all Family Health Centers (n=34) in a city center in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. It was aimed to reach the whole universe (n=119) without sampling, and 106 midwives and nurses who volunteered to participate in the study formed the sample of the research. The data were collected by using a questionnaire including 22 questions. In the analysis of the data, the Chi-square test was used in addition to descriptive statistical methods. The midwives and nurses stated that the most common dental health problem during pregnancy was dental caries (67.0%), and the oral-dental health problem during pregnancy can be associated with the low birth weight (32.1%). Participants had no idea about the relationship between oral/dental health in pregnancy and stillbirth and preeclampsia. Only 39.6% of them answered the question of whether women should have dental treatment in their pregnancy asyes, while 59.4% had no idea about the dental examination. Professional experience year was determined to affect the participants' giving more positive responses in some issues related to oral and dental health (low birth weight, dental X-ray) (p <0.01), and it was found that loss of teeth positively affected the state of giving education to pregnant women about oral health (p <0.05). The study showed that the awareness of midwives and nurses about oral and dental health during pregnancy was not at the desired level, and they should be educated on this issue.
HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MESLEKTAŞ ŞİDDETİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KUŞCU KARATEPE Hilal , ÖZCAN YÜCE Ulviye , ATİK Derya
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma, klinik uygulamalar sırasında hemşirelik öğrencilerinin karşılaştıkları meslektaş şiddetinin türü, sonuçları, mücadele yöntemleri ve önlemeye ilişkin çözüm önerilerini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nitel tasarımda olgu bilimsel desende yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören, klinik uygulamalara devam eden 67 son sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuş, örnekleme ise 31 hemşirelik öğrencisi dâhil edilmiştir. Öğrencilere ait sosyo-demografik verilerin toplanmasında kişisel bilgi formundan yararlanılırken, nitel veriler için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin kişisel verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde bilgisayar paket program aracılığıyla, tanımlayıcı istatistikler (yüzdelik, aritmetik ortalama) kullanılmış, nitel verilerin değerlendirilmesinde betimsel ve içerik analiz yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hemşirelik öğrencilerinin; klinikte sıklıkla sözel meslektaş şiddetine maruz kaldıkları, buna bağlı olarak bireysel ve mesleki sorgulama yaptıkları, mesleki heyecan ve isteklerinde azalma yaşadıkları, karşılaştıkları sorunlarda genel olarak sessiz kalmayı ve akademisyenlerle iletişime geçmeyi tercih ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenciler aslında hemşirelerden hoşgörü ve empati beklemektedirler. Varolan bu şiddete çözüm olarak ise; hemşirelere ilgili eğitimlerin verilmesi, klinikteki stres faktörlerinin azaltılması, gerekli görüldüğü taktirde profesyonel destek almaları ve şiddet davranışlarına ilişkin denetimlerin arttırılmasının etkili olacağını düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadaki öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun meslektaş şiddetinin farklı türlerini deneyimledikleri ve bu durumun öğrenciler üzerinde bireysel ve mesleki alanlarda olumsuz sonuçlarının olduğu belirlenmiştir.
SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA BİREYSEL YENİLİKÇİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: ÖZEL BİR HASTANEDE UYGULAMA
Authors: ÖZKAN Okan , ÖZER Özlem , ÖZMEN Sümeyye
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada; sağlık çalışanlarının bireysel yenilikçilik algılarını incelemek ve sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin bireysel yenilikçilik üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Ankara’da yer alan özel bir hastanede yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 266 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama süreci 6-30 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler; tanımlayıcı analizler, t-testi, ANOVA ve güvenirlik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre bireysel yenilikçilik alt boyutları arasında en yüksek ortalamanın “deneyime açıklık” alt boyutunda ve en düşük ortalamanın ise “değişime direnç” alt boyutunda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların “değişime direnç” alt boyutundan almış oldukları puanlarının yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve sağlık sektöründe toplam çalışma süresine göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca katılımcıların “fikir önderliği” ve “deneyime açıklık” alt boyutlarından almış oldukları puanlarının yaş ve eğitim düzeyine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Form of Supplemental Selenium in Vitamin-Mineral Premixes Differentially Affects Early Luteal and Gestational Concentrations of Progesterone, and Postpartum Concentrations of Prolactin in Beef Cows
Authors: Carr Sarah , Jia Yang , Crites Benjamin , Hamilton Charles , Burris Walter , Edwards J. Lannett , Matthews James , Bridges Phillip J.
Published: June 2020

Soils with marginal to deficient levels of selenium (Se) are widespread in the northwest, northeast, and southeast US. Supplementation to the diet of forage-grazing beef cattle with a vitamin-mineral mix containing additional Se is recommended in these geographic regions. We have reported that the form of supplemental Se provided to Angus-cross beef cows can affect circulating levels of progesterone (P4) on day 6 of the estrous cycle, a time when increased P4 is known to promote fertility. The objectives of this study were to (1) confirm and expand upon our initial report that the form of Se provided to cows affects early luteal-phase concentrations of systemic P4, (2) determine the effects of the form of Se on concentrations of P4 during gestation, and (3) determine the effects of the form of Se on concentrations of prolactin (PRL) during lactation. Throughout this study, Angus-cross beef cows had ad libitum access to a vitamin-mineral mix containing 35 ppm of Se in either an inorganic form (ISe) or a 1:1 mix of inorganic and organic forms (MIX). We observed a MIX-induced increase (p = 0.006) in systemic concentrations of P4 on day 7 but not on days 4 or 10 of the estrous cycle, consistent with our earlier report. We observed a MIX-induced increase (p = 0.02) in the systemic concentration of P4 at months 1, 3, 5, and 7 of gestation, and a MIX-induced decrease (p < 0.05) in systemic concentrations of PRL at months 5 and 6 of lactation. In summary, the form of Se provided to cows can be manipulated to affect the early luteal phase and gestational concentrations of P4, and postpartum concentrations of PRL.
Microorganisms Resistant to Antimicrobials in Wild Canarian Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis)
Authors: Suárez-Pérez Alejandro , Corbera Juan Alberto , González-Martín Margarita , Donázar José Antonio , Rosales Rubén Sebastián , Morales Manuel , Tejedor-Junco María Teresa
Published: June 2020

Due to their predatory habits, raptors may serve as indicators of the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment, but they also represent a public health risk for livestock and humans because they can act as reservoirs, sources and spreaders of these bacteria. Our objective was to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in cloacal samples of Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis), an endemic bird of prey. One hundred and forty-two cloacal swabs were obtained; Escherichia coli was isolated from 80.28% and Salmonella from 6.3% of these samples. Low levels of susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were found. About 20% of the isolates were resistant or presented intermediate susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Surprisingly, we found isolates resistant to imipenem (6.96%). Isolates from chicks were more susceptible to antimicrobial drugs than adult and immature birds. About 50% of E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and about 20% to piperacillin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. High percentages of isolates of Salmonella were found to be resistant to cephalexin (88%) and aminoglycosides (greater than 77%). Our results support the idea that raptors could act as reservoirs of Salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, posing a risk not only to wildlife but also to livestock and the human population, thus reinforcing the need to minimize the exposure of wildlife to antimicrobial agent through human and livestock waste.
Interactive Data-Gathering Posters as a Research Tool: A Case Study Assessing Public Opinion on Incorporation of Natural Behavior into Management Systems
Authors: King Mike , Webster James , Cameron Catherine , Zobel Gosia
Published: June 2020

We developed a simple, interactive poster design. Via brief infographics and simple numbered stickers, participants were able to provide input about their top three areas of importance regarding a specific topic (i.e., promoting natural behavior in goats). The tool was utilized in three scenarios—an international conference, a regional veterinary conference, and a regional school leadership day. After a short discussion with the presenter, participants ranked their top three areas of importance. Response rates ranged from 22% to 100%. The data collection performed was intended to demonstrate a proof-of-concept of the poster design; therefore, comparisons across tested cohorts were not made. However, we showed that when applied in different settings, the poster gathered some consistent opinions on which behaviors are the best exemplars of naturalness in goats. Response bias, from opting for socially desirable responses, as well as sampling bias from using the tool at specific conferences or with specific demographics, could be an issue. Nonetheless, these are not unique concerns, and we suggest that corrections used in focus groups could alleviate these biases. The flexibility of this interactive tool, and its capability to shift the audience from viewing to participating in research presents a novel alternative to traditional poster presentations.
Saharan Hot and Dry Sirocco Winds Drive Extreme Fire Events in Mediterranean Tunisia (North Africa)
Authors: Belhadj-Khedher Chiraz , El-Melki Taoufik , Mouillot Florent
Published: June 2020

With hot and dry summers, the Mediterranean basin is affected by recurrent fires. While drought is the major driver of the seasonal and inter-annual fire distribution in its northern and mildest climate conditions, some extreme fire events are also linked to extreme winds or heat waves. The southern part of the Mediterranean basin is located at the driest range of the Mediterranean bioclimate and is influenced by Saharan atmospheric circulations, leading to extreme hot and dry episodes, called Sirocco, and potentially acting as a major contributor to fire hazard. The recently created fire database for Tunisia was used to investigate the ±10-day pre- and post-fire timeframe of daily weather conditions associated with fire events over the 1985–2006 period. Positive anomalies in minimum and maximum temperatures, negative anomalies in air relative humidity, and a preferential south-eastern wind during fire events were identified, which were characteristic of Sirocco winds. +7 °C anomalies in air temperature and −30% in relative air humidity were the critical thresholds for the most extreme fire conditions. In addition, meteorological anomalies started two days before fire events and lasted for three days after for large fires >400 ha, which suggests that the duration of the Sirocco event is linked with fire duration and final fire size. Lastly, the yearly number of intense Sirocco events better explained the inter-annual variability of burned area over the 1950–2006 period than summer drought based on Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) indices.
Interaction of Be4+ and Ground State Hydrogen Atom—Classical Treatment of the Collision
Authors: Ziaeian I. , Tőkési K.
Published: June 2020

The interaction between Be4+ and hydrogen atom is studied using the three-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo method (CTMC) and the quasiclassical trajectory Monte Carlo method of Kirschbaum and Wilets (QTMC-KW). We present total cross sections for target ionization, target excitation, and charge exchange to the projectile bound states. Calculations are carried out in the projectile energy range between 10 and 1000 keV/au, relevant to the interest of fusion research when the target hydrogen atom is in the ground state. Our results are compared with previous theoretical results. We found that the classical treatment describes reasonably well the cross sections for various final channels. Moreover, we show that the calculations by the QTMC-KW model significantly improve the obtained cross sections.
Dream Recall upon Awakening from Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Older Adults: Electrophysiological Pattern and Qualitative Features
Authors: Scarpelli Serena , D’Atri Aurora , Bartolacci Chiara , Gorgoni Maurizio , Mangiaruga Anastasia , Ferrara Michele , De Gennaro Luigi
Published: June 2020

Several findings support the activation hypothesis, positing that cortical arousal promotes dream recall (DR). However, most studies have been carried out on young participants, while the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates of DR in older people are still mostly unknown. We aimed to test the activation hypothesis on 20 elders, focusing on the Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep stage. All the subjects underwent polysomnography, and a dream report was collected upon their awakening from NREM sleep. Nine subjects were recallers (RECs) and 11 were non-RECs (NRECs). The delta and beta EEG activity of the last 5 min and the total NREM sleep was calculated by Fast Fourier Transform. Statistical comparisons (RECs vs. NRECs) revealed no differences in the last 5 min of sleep. Significant differences were found in the total NREM sleep: the RECs showed lower delta power over the parietal areas than the NRECs. Consistently, statistical comparisons on the activation index (delta/beta power) revealed that RECs showed a higher level of arousal in the fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital regions than NRECs. Both visual vividness and dream length are positively related to the level of activation. Overall, our results are consistent with the view that dreaming and the storage of oneiric contents depend on the level of arousal during sleep, highlighting a crucial role of the temporo-parietal-occipital zone.
Small Ones to Fight a Big Problem—Intervention of Cancer Metastasis by Small Molecules
Authors: Kobelt Dennis , Dahlmann Mathias , Dumbani Malti , Güllü Nazli , Kortüm Benedikt , Vílchez Miguel E. Alberto , Stein Ulrike , Walther Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Metastasis represents the most lethal attribute of cancer and critically limits successful therapies in many tumor entities. The clinical need is defined by the fact that all cancer patients, who have or who will develop distant metastasis, will experience shorter survival. Thus, the ultimate goal in cancer therapy is the restriction of solid cancer metastasis by novel molecularly targeted small molecule based therapies. Biomarkers identifying cancer patients at high risk for metastasis and simultaneously acting as key drivers for metastasis are extremely desired. Clinical interventions targeting these key molecules will result in high efficiency in metastasis intervention. In result of this, personalized tailored interventions for restriction and prevention of cancer progression and metastasis will improve patient survival. This review defines crucial biological steps of the metastatic cascade, such as cell dissemination, migration and invasion as well as the action of metastasis suppressors. Targeting these biological steps with tailored therapeutic strategies of intervention or even prevention of metastasis using a wide range of small molecules will be discussed.
Assessment of Liver Metastases Using CT and MRI Scans in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Effects of Observer Experience on Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Tsurusaki Masakatsu , Numoto Isao , Oda Teruyoshi , Wakana Miyuki , Suzuki Ayako , Yagyu Yukinobu , Matsuki Mitsuru , Ishii Kazunari
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of radiologic experience on the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) vs. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporting on the liver metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (LM of PDAC). Intra-individual CT and MRI examinations of 112 patients with clinically proven LM of PDAC were included. Four radiologists with varying years of experience (A > 20, B > 5, C > 1 and D < 1) assessed liver segments affected by LM of PDAC, as well as associated metastases occurring in each patient. Their sensitivity and specificity in evaluating the segments were compared. Cohen’s Kappa (κ) for diagnosed liver segments and Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for the number of metastatic lesions in each patient were calculated. The radiologists’ sensitivity and specificity for the CT vs. MRI were, respectively: Reader A—94.4%, 90.3% vs. 96.6%, 94.8%; B—86.7%, 79.7% vs. 83.9%, 82.0%; C—78.0%, 76.7% vs. 83.3%, 78.9% and D—71.8%, 79.2% vs. 64.0%, 69.5%. Reviewers A and B achieved greater agreement in assessing results from the MRI (κ = 0.72, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.73, p < 0.001) vs. the CT (κ = 0.58, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.61, p < 0.001), in contrast to readers C and D (MRI: κ = 0.34, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.42, p < 0.001, and CT: κ = 0.48, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.59, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that the accurate diagnosis of LM of PDAC depends more on radiologic experience in MRI over CT scans.
A Proximity Mapping Journey into the Biology of the Mammalian Centrosome/Cilium Complex
Authors: Arslanhan Melis Dilara , Gulensoy Dila , Firat-Karalar Elif Nur
Published: June 2020

The mammalian centrosome/cilium complex is composed of the centrosome, the primary cilium and the centriolar satellites, which together regulate cell polarity, signaling, proliferation and motility in cells and thereby development and homeostasis in organisms. Accordingly, deregulation of its structure and functions is implicated in various human diseases including cancer, developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. To better understand these disease connections, the molecular underpinnings of the assembly, maintenance and dynamic adaptations of the centrosome/cilium complex need to be uncovered with exquisite detail. Application of proximity-based labeling methods to the centrosome/cilium complex generated spatial and temporal interaction maps for its components and provided key insights into these questions. In this review, we first describe the structure and cell cycle-linked regulation of the centrosome/cilium complex. Next, we explain the inherent biochemical and temporal limitations in probing the structure and function of the centrosome/cilium complex and describe how proximity-based labeling approaches have addressed them. Finally, we explore current insights into the knowledge we gained from the proximity mapping studies as it pertains to centrosome and cilium biogenesis and systematic characterization of the centrosome, cilium and centriolar satellite interactomes.
Proteins and Molecular Pathways Relevant for the Malignant Properties of Tumor-Initiating Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Samonig Lisa , Loipetzberger Andrea , Blöchl Constantin , Rurik Marc , Kohlbacher Oliver , Aberger Fritz , Huber Christian G.
Published: June 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of the tumor bulk with highly malignant properties, are deemed responsible for tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and relapse. In order to reveal molecular markers and determinants of their tumor-initiating properties, we enriched rare stem-like pancreatic tumor-initiating cells (TICs) by harnessing their clonogenic growth capacity in three-dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures. We compared pancreatic TICs isolated from three-dimensional tumor spheroid cultures with nontumor-initiating cells (non-TICs) enriched in planar cultures. Employing differential proteomics (PTX), we identified more than 400 proteins with significantly different expression in pancreatic TICs and the non-TIC population. By combining the unbiased PTX with mRNA expression analysis and literature-based predictions of pro-malignant functions, we nominated the two calcium-binding proteins S100A8 (MRP8) and S100A9 (MRP14) as well as galactin-3-binding protein LGALS3BP (MAC-2-BP) as putative determinants of pancreatic TICs. In silico pathway analysis followed by candidate-based RNA interference mediated loss-of-function analysis revealed a critical role of S100A8, S100A9, and LGALS3BP as molecular determinants of TIC proliferation, migration, and in vivo tumor growth. Our study highlights the power of combining unbiased proteomics with focused gene expression and functional analyses for the identification of novel key regulators of TICs, an approach that warrants further application to identify proteins and pathways amenable to drug targeting.
Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Marine Environments: Role of the Corrosion Product Layer
Authors: Refait Philippe , Grolleau Anne-Marie , Jeannin Marc , Rémazeilles Celine , Sabot René
Published: June 2020

This article presents a synthesis of recent studies focused on the corrosion product layers forming on carbon steel in natural seawater and the link between the composition of these layers and the corrosion mechanisms. Additional new experimental results are also presented to enlighten some important points. First, the composition and stratification of the layers produced by uniform corrosion are described. A focus is made on the mechanism of formation of the sulfate green rust because this compound is the first solid phase to precipitate from the dissolved species produced by the corrosion of the steel surface. Secondly, localized corrosion processes are discussed. In any case, they involve galvanic couplings between anodic and cathodic zones of the metal surface and are often associated with heterogeneous corrosion product layers. The variations of the composition of these layers with the anodic/cathodic character of the underlying metal surface, and in particular the changes in magnetite content, are thoroughly described and analyzed to enlighten the self-sustaining ability of the process. Finally, corrosion product layers formed on permanently immersed steel surfaces were exposed to air. Their drying and oxidation induced the formation of akaganeite, a common product of marine atmospheric corrosion that was, however, not detected on the steel surface after the permanent immersion period.
Tris(ethylenediamine) Cobalt(II) and Manganese(II) Nitrates
Authors: Cortijo Miguel , Valentín-Pérez Ángela , Rouzières Mathieu , Clérac Rodolphe , Rosa Patrick , Hillard Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2020

Octahedral tris(ethylenediamine) coordination complexes demonstrate helicoidal chirality, due to the arrangement of the ligands around the metal core. The enantiomers of the nitrate salts [Ni(en)3](NO3)2 and [Zn(en)3](NO3)2 spontaneously resolve to form a mixture of conglomerate crystals, which present a reversible phase transition from space group P6322 to enantiomorphic P6522 or P6122, with the latter depending on the handedness of the enantiomer. We report here the synthesis and characterization of [Mn(en)3](NO3)2 and [Co(en)3](NO3)2, which are isostructural to the Zn(II) and Ni(II) derivatives. The Mn(II) analogue undergoes the same phase transition centered at 150(2) K, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The Co(II) derivative does not demonstrate a phase transition down to 2 K, as evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction and heat capacity measurements. The phase transition does not impact the magnetic properties of the Ni(II) and Mn(II) analogues; these high spin compounds display Curie behavior that is consistent with S = 1 and 5/2, respectively, down to 20 K, while the temperature-dependent magnetic moment for the Co(II) compound reveals a significant orbital contribution.
Techno-Economic Assessment of a Combined Heat and Power Plant Integrated with Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology: A Case Study for Central Poland
Authors: Gładysz Paweł , Sowiżdżał Anna , Miecznik Maciej , Hacaga Maciej , Pająk Leszek
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to assess the techno-economic potential of the proposed novel energy system, which allows for negative emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The analyzed system comprises four main subsystems: a biomass-fired combined heat and power plant integrated with a CO2 capture and compression unit, a CO2 transport pipeline, a CO2-enhanced geothermal system, and a supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle. For the purpose of the comprehensive techno-economic assessment, the results for the reference biomass-fired combined heat and power plant without CO2 capture are also presented. Based on the proposed framework for energy and economic assessment, the energy efficiencies, the specific primary energy consumption of CO2 avoidance, the cost of CO2 avoidance, and negative CO2 emissions are evaluated based on the results of process simulations. In addition, an overview of the relevant elements of the whole system is provided, taking into account technological progress and technology readiness levels. The specific primary energy consumption per unit of CO2 avoided in the analyzed system is equal to 2.17 MJLHV/kg CO2 for biomass only (and 6.22 MJLHV/kg CO2 when geothermal energy is included) and 3.41 MJLHV/kg CO2 excluding the CO2 utilization in the enhanced geothermal system. Regarding the economic performance of the analyzed system, the levelized cost of electricity and heat are almost two times higher than those of the reference system (239.0 to 127.5 EUR/MWh and 9.4 to 5.0 EUR/GJ), which leads to negative values of the Net Present Value in all analyzed scenarios. The CO2 avoided cost and CO2 negative cost in the business as usual economic scenario are equal to 63.0 and 48.2 EUR/t CO2, respectively, and drop to 27.3 and 20 EUR/t CO2 in the technological development scenario. The analysis proves the economic feasibility of the proposed CO2 utilization and storage option in the enhanced geothermal system integrated with the sCO2 cycle when the cost of CO2 transport and storage is above 10 EUR/t CO2 (at a transport distance of 50 km). The technology readiness level of the proposed technology was assessed as TRL4 (technological development), mainly due to the early stage of the CO2-enhanced geothermal systems development.
Comparative Building Energy Simulation Study of Static and Thermochromically Adaptive Energy-Efficient Glazing in Various Climate Regions
Authors: Mann Daniel , Yeung Cindy , Habets Roberto , Vroon Zeger , Buskens Pascal
Published: June 2020

The building sector contributes approximately one third of the total energy consumption worldwide. A large part of this energy is used for the heating and cooling of buildings, which can be drastically reduced by use of energy-efficient glazing. In this study, we performed building energy simulations on a prototypical residential building, and compared commercially available static (low-e, solar IR blocking) to newly developed adaptive thermochromic glazing systems for various climate regions. The modeling results show that static energy-efficient glazing is mainly optimized for either hot climates, where low solar heat gain can reduce cooling demands drastically, or cold climates, where low-e properties have a huge influence on heating demands. For intermediate climates, we demonstrate that adaptive thermochromic glazing in combination with a low-e coating is perfectly suited. The newly developed thermochromic glazing can lead to annual energy consumption improvement of up to 22% in comparison to clear glass, which exceeds all other glazing systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the Netherlands the use of this new glazing system can lead to annual cost savings of EU 638 per dwelling (172 m2, 25% window façade), and to annual nationwide CO2 savings of 4.5 Mt. Ergo, we show that further development of thermochromic smart windows into market-ready products can have a huge economic, ecological and societal impact on all intermediate climate region in the northern hemisphere.
Modeling of Failure Probability for Reliability and Component Reuse of Electric and Electronic Equipment
Authors: Conti Massimo , Orcioni Simone
Published: June 2020

Recently, the concept of “circular economy”, the design for end-of-life, the problem of reduction of waste of electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more important. The design of electronic systems for end-of-life considers the possibility of their repair, reuse and recycle, in order to reduce waste. This work proposes a new accurate model of failure probability density, that includes the failure probability of a used component in new equipment. The model has been tested, in conjunction with the International Electrotechnical Commission and Telcordia standard, in real industrial production. Eight years of historical faults have been analyzed and used to derive the fault models of the components. The model and analysis have been used for the analysis of real electronic products. The reuse of components could make an improvement to the reliability of the equipment.
CFD Analysis of the Fuel–Air Mixture Formation Process in Passive Prechambers for Use in a High-Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Two-Stroke Engine
Authors: Ciampolini Marco , Bigalli Simone , Balduzzi Francesco , Bianchini Alessandro , Romani Luca , Ferrara Giovanni
Published: June 2020

The research on two-stroke engines has been focused lately on the development of direct injection systems for reducing the emissions of hydrocarbons by minimizing the fuel short-circuiting. Low temperature combustion (LTC) may be the next step to further improve emissions and fuel consumption; however, LTC requires unconventional ignition systems. Jet ignition, i.e., the use of prechambers to accelerate the combustion process, turned out to be an effective way to perform LTC. The present work aims at proving the feasibility of adopting passive prechambers in a high-pressure, direct injection, two-stroke engine through non-reactive computational fluid dynamics analyses. The goal of the analysis is the evaluation of the prechamber performance in terms of both scavenging efficiency of burnt gases and fuel/air mixture formation inside the prechamber volume itself, in order to guarantee the mixture ignitability. Two prechamber geometries, featuring different aspect ratios and orifice numbers, were investigated. The analyses were replicated for two different locations of the injection and for three operating conditions of the engine in terms of revolution speed and load. Upon examination of the results, the effectiveness of both prechambers was found to be strongly dependent on the injection setup.
How to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of an Irrigation Community in the South-East of Spain by Use of Solar Energy
Authors: Chazarra-Zapata Jesús , Molina-Martínez José Miguel , Cruz Francisco-Javier Pérez de la , Parras-Burgos Dolores , Ruíz Canales Antonio
Published: June 2020

The climate change that plagues the world is causing extended periods of water shortage. This situation is forcing farmers in the region of Murcia in Spain to modernize their irrigation systems to optimize use of the scarce water they have and seek a circular water economy using the recovered water. Moreover, an associated problem is the need for energy that these facilities require in order to pressurize the required water. The use of photovoltaic generation contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Food produced in this region tends to have guaranteed markets in Europe and, geographically, due to the high quality of phytosanitary controls and traceability during their marketing, their optimal cultivation, and selection and labelling is verified, specifying valuable information such as: collection date, origin, the use of organic fertilizers among others. To maintain market access, it is important to continue implementing other environmental improvements, i.e., reductions in either hydro or carbon footprints. Previous studies have failed to include the prospect of environmental use of isolated facilities to replace existing consumption, seeking the monetarization of the facility as well as prioritizing the reduction of GHG. Previous studies have failed to include the perspective of environmental use of isolated photovoltaic installations, based on existing consumption, thus, going beyond the monetarization of the facility, to prioritize the reduction of GHG applied in practice by environmentally sensitized farmers. This study was conducted in an existing facility with great technical complexity and three different sources of water supply, over 1500 plots and an altitude range in plots and reservoirs of more than 400 m.