bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuñón, Jorge; Bouza, Luis y Carral, Uxía (2019). Comunicación europea. ¿A quién doy like para hablar con Europa?
Authors: Barrientos Alzate Michelle
Published: January 2022

Tuñón, Jorge; Bouza, Luís y Carral, Uxía (2019)Comunicación europea. ¿A quién doy like para hablar con Europa?Madrid: Dykinson, 2019, 186 p.ISBN: 978-84-9148-977-1
Indicaciones geográficas y política comercial de la UE
Authors: Plaza i Font Joan Pere
Published: January 2022

La gobernanza del comercio mundial está en plena transición y la UE tiene un importante desafío por delante. En ello le va la posibilidad de ser considerada un actor válido y confiable en un escenario internacional crecientemente complejo. Pese a su convicción acerca la bondad del marco multilateral y su sólido apoyo a la OMC, en los últimos años la UE ha venido tejiendo una red cada vez más densa de acuerdos comerciales bilaterales. A diferencia de sus predecesores, estos acuerdos de nueva generación contemplan no solo elementos at the border, sino también elementos beyond the border, en lo que puede interpretarse como una contienda por la hegemonía regulativa en la escala global.
Fruto de una larga evolución histórica, las indicaciones geográficas, como instrumento jurídico para la preservación y promoción de determinados productos que por su especificidad merecen un elevado grado de protección en el mercado, gozan hoy de sólidas regulaciones en el mercado único. Además, como consecuencia de lo anterior, y atendiendo a las demandas tanto de productores como de consumidores, la UE ha venido buscando la inclusión de estas regulaciones en los acuerdos comerciales de nueva generación, para extender así su protección en los mercados de sus socios comerciales.
En este sentido, el estudio pormenorizado de las indicaciones geográficas en estos acuerdos comerciales ofrece un inmejorable ámbito empírico para comprender mejor, no solo la agencia y la estructura institucional propias de la política comercial de la UE sino, de forma más genérica, comprender el propio sistema político de la UE. Con este objetivo, esta contribución propone un programa de investigación centrado en las indicaciones geográficas comunitarias y su encaje en la política comercial de la UE.
Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa
Authors: González Mellizo Juan
Published: January 2022

La Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa es un foro de debate y reflexión, lanzado en mayo de 2021, donde la ciudadanía europea y la sociedad civil organizada están aportado ideas y opiniones sobre el porvenir institucional de la Unión Europea (UE).
Se trata de una iniciativa conjunta del Parlamento Europeo, el Consejo de la UE y la Comisión Europea, que se han comprometido a dar seguimiento —en sus respectivos ámbitos de competencia— a las recomendaciones formuladas durante el proceso.
En este artículo se presenta el funcionamiento de la Conferencia, poniendo especial énfasis en los Paneles Ciudadanos.
Información consolidada de las operaciones sobre instrumentos financieros en la UE
Authors: Pérez Carrillo Elena F.
Published: January 2022

La negociación de mercados de instrumentos financieros en mercados, propiamente dichos, o en el seno de entidades financieras especializadas, constituye un conjunto de mecanismos adecuados para atraer inversión a las empresas que necesitan financiarse. Uno de los retos de la Unión Europea (UE) para fortalecer los mercados de capitales y financieros, pasa por mejorar el funcionamiento de los centros de negociación y su transparencia. Con ese objetivo, la Comisión Europea ha propuesto reformas en MIFIR y MIFID 2 que incluyen, de forma principal, el fomento de la consolidación de flujos de datos de mercados de toda la UE, relativos a distintos instrumentos financieros y su puesta a disposición de la comunidad inversora. Aquí se analiza el panorama relativo a la consolidación de datos de mercados para su transformación en información relevante, el régimen vigente en la UE y las modificaciones proyectadas por la Comisión. Se aporta una visión crítica sobre la conveniencia y adecuación de las propuestas de reforma.
Relevancia de la formación en competencias profesionales para la sostenibilidad, la economía circular y la responsabilidad social en el marco de la Unión Europea
Authors: Ramón Reyero Eva , Claudio-Quiroga Gloria , De Dios Alija Teresa
Published: January 2022

El grupo de investigación Sostenibilidad y Economía Circular en la era digital ha desarrollado un proyecto de investigación para promover el conocimiento de la Economía Circular entre estudiantes de la Facultad de Derecho, Empresa y Gobierno de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria de Madrid. Se constata en esta investigación la necesidad de concienciar y formar en materia de Economía Circular y Sostenibilidad a estudiantes, en la medida que serán los profesionales del futuro, para dar respuesta a las necesidades de la empresa y la sociedad.
Comparando las relaciones de China y Rusia con Sudáfrica.
Authors: Yániz González Jesús
Published: January 2022

El desarrollo de Sudáfrica en las dos décadas anteriores ha venido acompañado de una proyección internacional creciente que, a través de los BRICS, es cercana a China y a Rusia. El presente artículo pretende comparar las relaciones de Pretoria con Beijing y Moscú, proponiendo un examen en profundidad de la interacción entre estos países y de cómo esta se refleja en su diferente capacidad política, económica y cultural. Para ello, estudiará de manera detallada la vertiente política de estos lazos, abordando los orígenes de las relaciones, su desarrollo, su esfera internacional y la cooperación militar. Seguidamente, se analizarán las características económicas, destacando las inversiones, el comercio y la política de hacer negocios y sostenibilidad. Finalmente, se pondrán en perspectiva las relaciones culturales y la percepción pública sudafricana hacia estos países.
Upcoming events on EU issues
Authors: Muñoz Ruiz Concepció
Published: January 2022

Compilation of congresses and conferences on matters related to the EU.
Image of cities as tool for urban governance in Mercosur: contributions from urban and city branding
Authors: Beck Donizete Ferreira , Ferasso Marcos
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura intelectual relacionada à imagem das cidades como uma ferramenta para governança urbana no contexto do Mercosul.Método: Utilizou-se uma síntese de pesquisa para analisar e discutir (1) contribuições teóricas, (2) deontologia e ontologia da imagem urbana, e (3) os desafios da imagem urbana como ferramenta para a governança urbana no contexto do Mercosul.Originalidade / Relevância: Sintetizamos as contribuições teóricas, o entendimento deontológico e ontológico da imagem urbana e os desafios da imagem urbana sob a marca de cidades e marca urbana como uma ferramenta para a governança no contexto do Mercosul.Resultados: A síntese sobre a imagem urbana no contexto do Mercosul revela que: (1) a pesquisa regional está alinhada com a seminal ao convergirem que inclusão socioeconômica, sustentabilidade, inteligência urbana, convergência e satisfação entre stakeholders, e sustentabilidade são partes essenciais da imagem urbana de uma governança urbana que promove o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável; (2) a imagem urbana é uma ferramenta que promove o desenvolvimento, a gestão e a governança urbana, a qual possui distintas interpretações e anseios por diferentes stakeholders urbanos; e (3) discute-se sobre os principais desafios regionais.Contribuições Teóricas / Metodológicas: Reforçamos os argumentos das pesquisas seminais sobre o papel da imagem urbana na governança urbana por meio de uma síntese de pesquisa sobre a imagem urbana no contexto do Mercosul, considerando as perspectivas e os desafios regionais.Contribuições Sociais / Gerenciais: Comunidades locais e regionais têm suas necessidades atendidas, uma governança urbana, desenvolvimento sustentável e democracia são encorajados na governança urbana.
“Must Love Rock Climbing?” Emergency Medicine Applicants’ Hobbies from Two Academic Institutions
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin Holden , Purnell Justin , McConkey Kevin
Published: January 2022

Background: Hobbies may be used on the residency application to communicate similarity or uniqueness to other members of their desired specialty. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the most common hobbies among emergency medicine (EM) applicants and whether they differ from the reported hobbies of other applicants. Methods: This was a two-center retrospective application review study at large U.S. midwestern academic institutions with a 3- and a 4-year EM residency program. Data from the “hobbies and interests” field of the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application from 2015 - 2019 were reviewed. Hobbies data were individually coded by two independent physician coders into 19 defined hobby types. EM applicants were compared to plastic surgery and psychiatry applicants. Results: A total of 2675 individual hobbies were initially identified, with strong agreement between raters (κ = 0.92). The most commonly listed EM hobbies were sports (25.0%), outdoor (19.3%), and fitness (9.6%). Sports and outdoor hobbies were also listed most frequently by applicants to psychiatry and plastic surgery. While there were several significant differences between EM and other specialties, these differences were minimal overall. Conclusions: Active hobbies appeared most prominently for all applicants. Less stereotypical EM hobbies, including literary arts and cooking, were also frequently noted, suggesting that applicants may have motivations beyond communicating similarity when listing hobbies.
Contaminação por Cr, Cu, Pb e Fe nos sedimentos do riacho Capivara-Imperatriz, MA, Brasil
Authors: Costa Gleison Pereira , Nascimento Bruno Lucio Meneses , Araújo Rafael de Oliveira , Santos Luís Carlos Araújo dos , Oliveira Jorge Diniz de
Published: January 2022

Os sedimentos em virtude da sua capacidade de reter e acumular metais podem refletir a qualidade da água e registrar os efeitos das emissões antrópicas. Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar a concentração de Fe (II), Cu (II), Cr (VI) e Pb (II) nas frações geoquímicas dos sedimentos do Riacho Capivara, na cidade de Imperatriz/MA por intermédio de extração sequencial afim de avaliar a biodisponibilidade, os mecanismos de distribuição dessas espécies metálicas e obter informação sobre a influência da urbanização no processo de degradação desse corpo hídrico. Os sedimentos foram coletados em dois pontos de amostragem. As diferentes formas químicas em que os metais podem estar associados aos sedimentos foi realizado por extração sequencial de acordo com a metodologia proposta por ‘Europan Communites Bareau of Reference’ (BCR) que consiste em submeter a amostra em quatro etapas sequenciais (trocáveis, fase óxidos de Fe e Mn, fase matéria orgânica, residual). A concentração das espécies metálicas foi determinada por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama (FAAS), com corretor de fundo com lâmpada de deutério. Os estudos de fracionamento indicaram que as espécies metálicas Cu, Cr e Fe no ponto dentro do perímetro urbano foram encontradas na fração disponível ou lábeis. Já o Pb foi encontrado na fração residual, em ambos pontos amostrais e o Fe no ponto fora do perímetro urbano indicando baixa disponibilidade no corpo hídrico. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os sedimentos do Riacho Capivara sofrem interferências do meio urbano. A sequência de disponibilidade dos metais estudados foi Cu > Cr > Pb > Fe no ponto fora do perímetro urbano e Cu > Fe > Cr > Pb no ponto dentro do perímetro urbano.  A variação observada para Índice Geoquímico e Fator de Risco Ambiental provavelmente refletem a complexidade do quadro de deterioração desses corpos hídricos, marcada pela descarga intermitente de resíduos sanitários e pelo assoreamento e erosão do solo observada ao longo do percurso investigado.
Análise ambiental de empreendimentos dos catadores de materiais recicláveis em rede, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Santos Bárbara Daniele , Curi Rosires Catão , Silva Monica Maria Pereira da
Published: January 2022

Os catadores de materiais recicláveis promovem o retorno da matéria prima ao setor produtivo, buscando na coleta seletiva um modo de aquisição de trabalho e renda, ao passo que contribuem para gestão ambiental, impedindo que os materiais recicláveis sejam descartados erroneamente ou aterrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar sob a ótica ambiental os benefícios da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos urbanos realizada pelos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que envolveu cinco empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis que atuam na cidade de Campina Grande (100%), estado da Paraíba. A pesquisa ocorreu de 2018 a 2019. Durante o estudo, constatou-se a média mensal de recuperação de 51 toneladas de papel e papelão, 11,2 toneladas de plástico, 3,8 toneladas de metal, 0,17 toneladas de vidro e 0,61 toneladas de outros materiais, perfazendo a média mensal de aproximadamente 67 toneladas de materiais recicláveis destinada ao mercado da reciclagem. Consequentemente, aponta-se a mitigação de diversos impactos negativos sobre a saúde ambiental e humana, como a redução de impactos oriundos da extração, do transporte e beneficiamento da matéria prima e do uso de combustíveis fósseis empregados como matéria prima na indústria. Foram poupados os recursos naturais água, energia, dentre outros. O trabalho que os catadores de materiais recicláveis estão desenvolvendo na gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, evita sobremodo, a poluição e a contaminação nos sistemas terrestres, aquáticos, atmosféricos, industriais e urbanos, além de gerar emprego e renda.
El sol en virgo: ritual y emblemática en las fiestas de beatificación a Sebastián de Aparicio en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Lira Saucedo Salvador Alejandro
Published: January 2022

Fray Sebastián de Aparicio es una de las pocas imágenes en el periodo novohispano que llegaron al título de beato. Su configuración de atributos se realizó fundamentalmente en el espacio de Puebla de los Ángeles, lugar donde están aún sus restos. Sin embargo, en otras ciudades se realizaron manifestaciones que, en perspectiva, distan de la propuesta poblana. Uno de los casos más relevantes es el de sus festividades por la beatificación en la Ciudad de México, en la que, a pesar de que pudiera ser un momento cumbre para expresar la grandeza novohispana, los fastos no tuvieron la asistencia de la Real Audiencia y el cabildo de la Ciudad de México. El presente trabajo, desde una perspectiva histórica cultural, de arte y hermenéutica literaria, busca explicar las rupturas y especificaciones de las fiestas de beatificación a fray Sebastián de Aparicio en la Ciudad de México en 1791. Se argumenta que las fiestas al beato en la capital novohispana fueron una expresión en las que intervinieron las representaciones y atribuciones que no respondieron plenamente a las propuestas de la Real Audiencia o los cabildos de la catedral o la ciudad por las disconformidades de preeminencia entre instituciones. Antes, se vieron especificadas, a su vez por las marcas de estilo diseñadas en el tipo iconográfico y los emblemas desarrollados por Bruno Larrañaga en el manuscrito, hasta ahora inédito, de El sol en virgo... Con ello, la correlación entre la festividad y organización en dependencia con la conformación de la obra para la solemnidad, alejado de los atributos que se elaboraron al beato en el espacio poblano.
Virtuel undervisning i gymnasiet
Authors: Qvortrup Ane , Lomholt Rune
Published: January 2022

Gymnasieundervisningen under skolenedlukningerne var først og fremmest nødundervisning i forbindelse med en samfundskrise. Men udover at være nødundervisning var den et eksperiment ud i virtuel undervisning. Med dette udgangspunkt undersøger denne artikel gymnasieelevernes oplevelse af den virtuelle undervisning, idet der er særligt fokus på deres oplevelse af faglig mestring og motivation. Empirisk er artiklen baseret på et mixed method-design med kvantitative data baseret på elevbesvarelser af et spørgeskema (N = 2899) indsamlet i april 2020 og fokusgruppeinterviews med elever (N = 44) indsamlet i april-juni 2020. Artiklen viser, at især den faglige motivation var lav. På baggrund af artiklens analyser udpeges en række temaer, som kan reflekteres i forbindelse med fremtidig virtuel undervisning i gymnasiet.
EFTERORD: EN AFSLUTTENDE REFLEKSION VEDRØRENDE MARCEL MAUSS’ SKRIFT OM BØNNEN
Authors: Thomassen Bjørn
Published: January 2022

Efterord
DANSKE RESUMEER
Authors: Tidsskriftet Antropologi
Published: January 2022

Danske resuméer
ENGLISH SUMMARIES
Authors: Tidsskriftet Antropologi
Published: January 2022

English summaries
Subjektiv ulighed
Authors: Brandt Ryborg Jønsson Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Ulighed i sundhed rammer oftest mennesker med kort uddannelsesbaggrund og lav socio- økonomisk position i samfundet, men diskursen om ulighed i sundhed har skabt et langt mere negativt stereotypt billede, hvor ulighed i sundhed rammer mennesker, der ikke kan eller vil leve op til moralske imperativer for sundhedsadfærd. I artiklen viser jeg, hvordan denne diskurs kan lede til frygt for at blive negativt kategoriseret på baggrund af et stigma om kort uddannelse og dårlig økonomi; det jeg kalder subjektiv ulighed. Subjektiv ulighed fører i mine tre empiriske eksempler til forskellige former for ageren, der imidlertid har en iboende risiko for at spænde ben for den optimale behandling. Ved at forstå individers oplevelser og forestillinger om stigma i relation til skabelsen af sundhedssubjektivitet, ar- gumenterer jeg for, at ulighed i sundhed også skal forstås subjektivt i mødet med sund- hedsvæsenet, og at dette ikke kun er udtryk for institutionelle og organisatoriske logikker, men også et subjekts tolkning og ageren på et objektivt fænomen. Artiklen er et indspark til forståelsen af, hvorfor og hvordan ulighed i sundhed opstår og kommer til udtryk, men ud fra erkendelsen af, at ulighed i sundhed er komplekst og kræver flere komplekse analytiske tilgange. De empiriske eksempler er ikke generaliserende, men netop eksempler på subjek- tive oplevelser og møder med ulighed i sundhed. Begrebet subjektiv ulighed er derved et af mange begreber, som kan gøre os en smule klogere på ulighed i sundhed som fænomen.
Skål i skuret!
Authors: Strandholdt Bach Jonas , Bjerge Bagga
Published: January 2022

Borgere med et stort forbrug af rusmidler er markant overrepræsenterede på parametre for udsathed som for eksempel manglende tilknytning til arbejdsmarkedet, hjemløshed og ensomhed, og deres sundhedstilstand er dårligere end gennemsnittet. En gruppe, som er særligt udsatte blandt rusmiddelbrugere, er de ældre eller alderssvækkede brugere. Denne artikel fokuserer på en gruppe ældre rusmiddelbrugeres udfordringer i møderne med vel- færds- og sundhedssystem, blandt andet bureaukratiske barrierer, manglende forståelse fra professionelle og frygten for at miste autonomi. At de oplever møderne med systemerne som problematisk, betyder dog ikke, at de ikke forsøger at agere ”rigtigt” i forhold til sund- hedsmæssige udfordringer. Med udgangspunkt i samværet omkring et drikkeskur forsøger brugerne selv at tage ansvar for egen sundhed og samtidig at agere omsorgspersoner for andre brugere. Fællesskabet er, selv om det er baseret på ”kassérbare relationer” (Desmond, 2012), centralt for brugernes trivsel og sundhed. Artiklen argumenterer for, at brugerne efter bedste evne og under egne vilkår agerer efter sundhedsmæssige retningslinier - for eksempel i forbindelse med corona-pandemien - og de bestræber sig på at opføre sig som ”ordentlige” medborgere. Artiklen argumenterer endvidere for, at det er vigtigt at inddrage erfaringer fra udsatte borgere for bedre at kunne rumme dem i velfærds- og sundhedstilbud, hvor de ellers kan have svært ved at passe ind. Artiklen er baseret på data indsamlet via etnografisk feltarbejde i en forstad til Aarhus i 2019-20.
Survivors’ experiences with testifying in trials after gross human rights violations in Argentina
Authors: Sønneland Anne M
Published: January 2022

In Argentina, persons who were held detained-disappeared during the last military dictatorship (1976 - 1983) now testify in trials related to the military regime’s use of enforced disappearances, torture and other crimes. The trials were re-initiated in 2005, after more than a decade of impunity. Trials have been taking place all over the country since then. Trials are related either to individual perpetrators, individual victims, or to places where the crimes were committed. Many witnesses testify in a number of trials. In this article, I explore experiences with testifying in these trials, based on interviews with 23 persons who were held ‘detained-disappeared’ for political reasons during the dictatorship. The witnesses have testified both to what they themselves have endured, and to crimes committed towards persons who remain forcefully disappeared.

The testimonies of persons who were held detained-disappeared are central in the trials, as there is often little evidence besides these testimonies. The interviewees express a strong sense of responsibility related to testifying in court, due to the central role of these testimonies as well as the witnesses’ responsibility towards those who remain forcefully disappeared or were killed. Through testimonies in court, persons who remain forcefully disappeared are presented as persons with agency and often with a political commitment; not only as victims of serious violations of human rights.

I discuss testimonies in court as a longer process, which begins before the trial is initiated and where the testimony itself is the main event. To testify in court may lead to distress, and there is a worry about re-traumatisation. Several aspects of trials have an influence on the experience with testifying, among them the presence and attitude of the defendants; the presence of threats, the ways in which questions are asked during testimonies, and how many trials the witness has testified in.
The importance of the “right to the truth” in El-Masri case: Lessons learned from the extraordinary rendition
Authors: Stefanovska Vesna
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In December 2012 the European Court of Human Rights (the Court or ECtHR) delivered the landmark decision in the case of El-Masri v. F.Y.R Macedonia (‘Macedonia’) ruling that CIA extraordinary rendition program amounts to torture. Macedonia was held responsible for torture and detention of El-Masri; lack of conducting effective interrogation; lack of request for diplomatic assurances from CIA agents and interference with the right to private and family life. Some of the judges referred to the right of the truth as the right of El-Masri to be familiar with the facts why he was held incommunicado and being subject of the CIA extraordinary rendition program. Objective: By using the El-Masri v. Macedonia case, this paper aims to map the necessity for protection of human rights even when national security and war against terrorism are at stake. The right to the truth should be of utmost importance besides proving torture –it is the way for the victim to accomplish moral victory and to gather all facts of the case. Method: The relevant texts were gathered from the HUDOC database, Cambridge University Press, Google Scholar, while interviews were conducted with Margarita Tsatsa Nikolovska – former judge in the European Court of Human Rights and Aleksandar Bozinovski – the journalist who discovered to the public the extraordinary rendition of Khaled El-Masri. Results/Discussion: the ruling in the El-Masri case was the first time when an international court held that the CIA’s extraordinary rendition program amounts to torture. However, the Court did not argue about the culpability of CIA agents nor the explanations how Macedonia can be held accountable for torture committed in a foreign country by foreign agents just because of lack of diplomatic assurances and allowed extraordinary rendition at the Skopje Airport.
Reflections on healing and recovery from the legacies of trauma and violence
Authors: Pagaduan-Lopez June Caridad
Published: January 2022

Last paper by June with an introduction by the Editor in Chief
Development of a feedback framework within a mentorship alliance using activity theory
Authors:   School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Mubuuke A G , Munabi I G , Mbalinda S N , Opaka R B , Chalo R N , Kiguli S
Published: January 2022

Background. Mentorship is useful in enhancing student learning experiences. The provision of feedback by faculty mentors is a central activity within a fruitful mentorship relationship. Therefore, effective feedback delivery by mentors is key to the development of successful mentorship relationships. Mentorship is a social interactive relationship between mentors and mentees. Therefore, activity theory, a sociocultural theory, has been applied in this study to develop a framework for feedback delivery within the mentorship educational alliance between mentors and mentees. Objective. The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of students and faculty mentors regarding feedback in a mentorship relationship, and to develop a feedback delivery framework in a mentorship relationship underpinned by activity theory. Methods. This was a mixed-method sequential study conducted at Makerere University College of Health Sciences using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The study involved undergraduate medical students and faculty mentors. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, focus group discussions and interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results. Most students reported negative experiences with feedback received during the mentorship process. Of the total of 150, a significant number of students (n=60) reported receiving no feedback at all from their mentors. One hundred students reported that feedback received from mentors focused on only weaknesses, and 80 reported that the feedback was not timely. A total of 130 students reported that the feedback sessions were a one-way process, with limited involvement of mentees. The feedback also tended to focus on academics, with limited emphasis on psychosocial contextual aspects that may potentially influence student learning. The focus group discussions with students confirmed most of the quantitative findings. The interviews with faculty mentors led to the emergence of two key themes, namely: (i) limited understanding of feedback delivery during mentorship; and (ii) need for feedback guidelines for faculty mentors. Based on the findings of the mixed-method study as well as the theory guiding the study, a feedback framework for mentorship interactions has been suggested. Conclusion. While students generally reported low satisfaction with feedback received from mentors, faculty suggested the need to have feedback guidelines for mentors to frame their feedback during mentorship interactions. A feedback framework to guide mentorship interactions has therefore been suggested as a result of this study, guided by principles of activity theory.
Learn-teach-learn: Evaluating a South African near-peer teaching programme
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Spies R , Lee H , Esack I , Hollamby R , Viljoen C
Published: January 2022

Background. Near-peer teaching (NPT) programmes may benefit both student learners (SLs) and near-peer tutors (NTs). However, data evaluating NPT programmes in developing countries such as South Africa are lacking. Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of an NPT programme in improving the knowledge and confidence of SLs and NTs, and to evaluate student perceptions of the NPT programme. Methods. An NPT programme in which clinical year students provided tutorials to pre-clinical year students was developed. Participants completed a knowledge-assessing multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) and a confidence-assessing questionnaire at commencement and conclusion of the programme. Participants also completed an evaluation at the end of the programme. Results. For 38 SLs, the median MCQ score improved from 58.9% at baseline to 78.6% at completion of the programme (p<0.001; d=1.3). The mean overall confidence score improved from 2.6/5 at baseline to 3.6/5 at completion (p<0.001; d=1.3). All SLs agreed that the NPT programme was a useful addition to the standard curriculum and that they would recommend the programme to other students at developmental level. The effect of the NPT programme was less pronounced for the 16 NTs, with median MCQ scores of 87.5% and 89.3% at baseline and completion of the programme, respectively (p=0.179; d=0.4). The mean overall confidence score improved from 3.8/5 at baseline to 4.2/5 at completion (p=0.004; d=1). Ninety-four percent of NTs agreed that their role as NTs reinforced their existing knowledge. Conclusion. NPT programmes may improve the knowledge and confidence of SLs, while consolidating the knowledge of NTs. The NTP programme was well received by medical students. In resource-limited settings, the effectiveness and acceptability of NPT make it an attractive adjunct to traditional teaching.
Features of the research proposal genre made easy for undergraduate occupational therapy students
Authors:   Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Ramifikeng M C
Published: January 2022

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Isomorphism, polymorphism, or hybridization? South-European educational inequalities at check
Authors: Giancola Orazio , Salmieri Luca
Published: January 2022

While there is a robust consensus on the existence of a South European welfare regime (Ferrera, 1996) and several researches have been consolidating that perspective while underlying national specificities (Rhodes, 1996), researches on cross-country comparisons of educational systems and performances have not been focussed enough to provide a solid framework to identify a common or different educational patterning among countries such as Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain (Madeira, 2018; Nóvoa, 2018; Palomba, Cappa, 2018). In this paper, we aim at understanding whether a South-European educational space exist in relation to structural internal features and educational inequalities and whether single national education systems tend toward isomorphism, polymorphism or hybridization.
La Sociología de la Educación en España. Cronología de una época: 1990-2021
Authors: Feito Alonso Rafael , Cabrera Rodríguez Leopoldo , Beltrán Llavador José
Published: January 2022

En 1990 se celebró en El Escorial (Madrid) la primera Conferencia de Sociología de la Educación (SE) que reunió a un numeroso grupo de docentes e investigadores (-as) de muchas universidades españolas. A estas conferencias han sucedido otras más a lo largo de treinta y un años, bien con el formato de Conferencia, bien como Reunión-Encuentro del Comité de Investigación de Sociología de la Educación (SE) dentro de las reuniones trienales de la Federación Española de Sociología (bienales a partir del Congreso de Valencia de 2019) o bien como Conferencias Internacionales con Asociaciones de SE de Portugal (2015 en Lisboa y 2017 en Córdoba) y de Italia y Francia  donde han participado además docentes e investigadores (-as) de otros países como Brasil, Argentina, Chile, México, etc. adscritos principalmente a universidades españolas, portuguesas o italianas. Desde 2015 el Comité de Investigación (CI) de Sociología de la Educación (SE) [CISE] número 13 de la Federación Española de Sociología (FES) asume la organización de estas reuniones con carácter abierto e internacional con un último encuentro realizado telemáticamente en octubre de 2021.Este artículo ahonda en el trayecto recorrido, no sólo datando fechas de reuniones, acuerdos y publicaciones, sino que se detiene asimismo en el análisis de los temas tratados y de algunos logros muy relevantes para la SE en España como la aparición de dos revistas de impacto, RASE en 2008 y RISE en 2012.
A word embedding technique for sentiment analysis of social media to understand the relationship between Islamophobic incidents and media portrayal of Muslim communities
Authors: Ali Ishfaq , Asif Muhammad , Hamid Isma , Sarwar Muhammad Umer , Khan Fakhri Alam , Ghadi Yazeed
Published: January 2022

Islamophobia is a sentiment against the Muslim community; recently, atrocities towards Muslim communities witnessed this sentiment globally. This research investigates the correlation between how news stories covered by mainstream news channels impede the hate speech/Islamophobic sentiment. To examine the objective mentioned above, we shortlisted thirteen mainstream news channels and the ten most widely reported Islamophobic incidents across the globe for experimentation. Transcripts of the news stories are scraped along with their comments, likes, dislikes, and recommended videos as the users’ responses. We used a word embedding technique for sentiment analysis, e.g., Islamophobic or not, three textual variables, video titles, video transcripts, and comments. This sentiment analysis helped to compute metric variables. The I-score represents the extent of portrayals of Muslims in a particular news story. The next step is to calculate the canonical correlation between video transcripts and their respective responses, explaining the relationship between news portrayal and hate speech. This study provides empirical evidence of how news stories can promote Islamophobic sentiments and eventually atrocities towards Muslim communities. It also provides the implicit impact of reporting news stories that may impact hate speech and crime against specific communities.
Identification of Predominant Learning Approaches in Medical Students using ASSIST in An Indian Medical School: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Joshi Anuradha S , Contractor Jaikumar B , Ganjiwale Jaishree D , Patel Mehrie H
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Approaches to study and learning may either improve or attenuate educational outcomes. Medical educators, therefore need to monitor the various approaches adopted by students in pursuit of their learning. This can be achieved using Approaches to Study and Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Aim: To find predominant learning approach amongst medical students in a western Indian medical school. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at second year MBBS students in September 2015, at the private medical college of Pramukhswami Medical College, Gujarat, India for documenting details about their understanding about learning and its concepts, different learning approaches and preferences for different types of courses and teachings adopted by students in their daily academic routine. Descriptive analysis was carried out finding frequency (n) and percentages (%) and Independent sample t-test was applied to compare the scores of quantitative data between the sub groups. Analysis was done using the software Statistics and Data Science (STATA) version 14.2. Results: Out of 100 students, 75 participated (38 females and 37 males). Results displayed the frequency scores of ASSIST and its three sections. Under first section i.e., “what is learning” and “what are concept”, there was no significant difference (p-value >0.05) in mean (Standard Deviation) scores. While in second section on “Approaches of learning” maximum students used Strategic Approach (SA) (79.82±8.97), followed by Deep Approach (DA) (64.39±6.01) and then surface approach (50.10±9.87). There was a positive correlation between deep and strategic learning approach (r=+0.44) whereas deep and surface approach showed negative relation (r=-0.23). In addition, surface approach had negative relation with SA (r=-0.21). In regards to the preferences for different types of course and teaching, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of student’s ‘approaches to learning’, ‘conceptions of learning’ and ‘preference towards different types of teaching styles can help optimise the quality of student learning, as well can support teaching and assessment methods used by educators.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Galectin-3 and Cytokeratin 19 in the Spectrum of Thyroid Neoplasms
Authors: Mandal Ankita Pranab , Saha Rama , Mitra Sudipan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In systemic malignancies, thyroid carcinoma represents only 1%, but it is the most common endocrine malignancy with poor prognosis. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is considered a requisite tool in providing a rational advent for the clinical management of these nodules. However, when solely based on cytopathological assessment, FNA leads to imprecise biopsy results in 10-20% of all cases. So, immunohistochemical markers, Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) have received considerable attention as diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. Aim: To study the expression of Gal-3 and CK19 in different thyroid neoplasms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 on 120 cases. The thyroidectomy specimens received were fixed in 10% buffered formalin followed by gross examination. The paraffin embedded tissue blocks were subsequently stained for Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E) followed by histopathological reporting. Qualitative immunohistochemical assessment of the marker Gal-3 and CK19 was performed on representative histologic sections of the thyroid neoplasms. Data were analysed using Graph Pad Instat 3. Results: The positive expression of Gal-3 was significantly more in malignant tumours (87.5%) than in benign (36.0%) (p-value <0.001). In Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC) and in Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (FVPTC) expression of Gal-3 was notably higher than in Follicular Adenoma (FA) (p-value=0.01 and p-value=0.0001, respectively). Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas (FTC) had higher expression FA (p-value=0.003). In malignant tumours (71.8%), positive expression of CK19 was significantly more than benign tumours (24.0%) (p-value <0.001). Significant difference in expression of CK19 was seen between PTC and FTC (p-value=0.019). Between PTC and FA, differences in expression were significant (p-value <0.001). Significant difference in expression was also seen between FVPTC and FTC (p-value=0.032) as well as with FA (p-value=0.028). Conclusion: The most sensitive marker is Gal-3 for the diagnosis of thyroid malignancies. When combined with CK19, the specificity increases in identifying the thyroid cancers. More combination of markers together with Gal-3 and CK19 can be useful in the distinction between malignant and benign thyroid tumours because it is essential for further treatment and long-term management of the patient.
Secondary Analysis of Maternal Characteristics and Pregnancy Outcomes of COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women in Sri Lanka using National COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Women Surveillance
Authors: Kumarasinghe M. , Kasturiaratchi K. , Jayakody H. , Irfaan S. , Samarasinghe W. S. , Liyanagama M. , Dassanayake H. , Godakandage S. , Silva C. De
Published: January 2022

Aims: Limited knowledge exists on pregnancy outcome among COVID-19 positive pregnant women despite relatively better understanding on disease severity in pregnancy. Objective of this assessment is to describe the maternal characteristics and factors associated with disease severity and pregnancy outcome of COVID-19 positive pregnant women in Sri Lanka.

Study Design: Secondary descriptive analysis was conducted using data reported in the National COVID-19 positive pregnant women surveillance, Sri Lanka.

Place and Duration of Study: All pregnant women who were tested positive either by RT-PCR or by Rapid Antigen Test for SARS CoV-2 virus and their pregnancy and neonatal outcomes reported from 1st March 2020 to 31st October 2021 in the National surveillance in Sri Lanka, were included in the study.

Methodology: Sri Lankan country-level pregnant women characteristics were compared with COVID-19 positive pregnant women using Z test. Associated factors for disease severity and pregnancy outcome was calculated using univariate and multivariate Odds ratios.

Results: Details of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were reported for 2493 COVID-19 positive pregnant women. Less cases of severe COVID-19 infection were observed among pregnant women with no co-morbidities compared with women having at least single co-morbidity (AOR=0.508, CI=0.293-0.879, P=0.04). Pregnant women with mild to moderate infection reported better pregnancy outcome compared to women with severe infection (AOR=7.376, CI=3.557-15.292, P<0.001).  In contrast, COVID-19 diagnosis in 1st and 2nd trimesters significantly reduced the good pregnancy outcome compared to pregnant women with diagnosis of COVID-19 in 3rd trimester of the pregnancy (AOR=0.009, CI=0.005-0.015, P<0.001 and AOR=0.113, CI=0.072-0.179, P<0.001 respectively).

Conclusion: Our study showed poor pregnancy outcome among severe vs mild to moderate infection and diagnosis in 1st and 2nd trimesters vs 3rd trimester among COVID-19 positive women. Further, increased severity of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women with co-morbidities vs no comorbidities.
Seeds of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Zea mays L.: Chemical Characterization of the Coagulating Solutions
Authors: Ntalani Hermeline , Berjeanie Tchikoue Chrisosga Divine , Elouma Ndinga Arnold Murphy , Duclérine Ngouanou Ravelle , Moussounda Lucien Meril Bassinga , Kanga Christ , Ndouma Boukoulou Ferflorine Ornela
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to characterize the amino acids in the seeds of Citrullus lanatus, Vigna unguiculata and Zea mays; and the proteins in the coagulating solutions of the seed powders of these 3 plants. Amino acids were separated by ion exchange chromatography and determined by ninhydrin reaction with photometric detection. Proteins were characterized by steric exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) on a Superdex column in the range of 10 kDa to 500 kDa and on a Shodex column in the range of 204 Da to 35000 Da. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) was also performed. The results obtained showed that the most abundant amino acid in the seeds of the 3 plant species is glutamic acid, a negatively charged side chain amino acid at neutral pH. The respective contents are 6150 mg/100 g in Citrullus lanatus seeds; 4030 mg/100 g in Vigna unguiculata seeds and 1820 mg/100 g in Zea mays seeds. The percentage of protein constituents with a molecular weight less than 10 kDa is 87.3%; 74.1% and 61.6%; for Citrullus lanatus, Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata coagulant solutions respectively. The percentage of protein constituents with a molecular weight between 1000 Da and 1500 Da is 24.9%;20.4% and 29.2%; respectively for the coagulant solutions of Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays and Citrullus lanatus. A percentage of 25.8%, between 800 and 1000 Da, is also noted for Citrullus lanatus. The study of the coagulant activity showed percentages of turbidity reduction higher than 80%.
Assessment of Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Orchards of Ratnagiri District of Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Salunkhe S. S. , Ayare B. L. , Bhange H. N. , Thokal R. T. , Dhekale J. S.
Published: January 2022

A study was undertaken on mango orchards ranging in age from 10 to 50 years old, with the goal of determining the biomass and carbon stock. Carbon sequestration by green plants is an effective method of reducing atmospheric CO2. At the moment, carbon sequestration by horticulture crops is an effective method of reducing atmospheric CO2. In the current work, a non-destructive in-situ biomass estimation approach was utilised to measure the biomass of a tree. The above ground biomass (AGB), below ground biomass (BGB), and carbon sequestration capacity of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in Ratnagiri district of Konkan area, Maharashtra, are investigated in this study. In Ratnagiri district the average carbon stock rate was found to be 95.89 t/ha. In present study, allometric equations used to estimate AGB and BGB of Mangifera indica L. The potential of mango to sequester carbon depends on the age of the mango tree and the diameter of the trees. In the present study, above-ground biomass indicates that as mango tree diameter increases, the value of above-ground biomass also increases. Hence, the study showed that the diameter class for AGB as a function of diameter at breast height (DBH) has demonstrated a strong relation. This indicates the important role of large-diameter trees in carbon capture and storage.
Influence of Soil Drenching and Foliar Application of Biostimulants on Physiological and Quality Parameters in Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii Spreng.)
Authors: Chinnapappa M. , Ramar A. , Manickam S. , Velmurugan S. , Ravichandran V. , Bhuvaneswari K.
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil drenching and foliar application of different biostimulants on physiological and quality parameters of curry leaf (Murraya Koenigii Spreng.) at Karamadai, Coimbatore during 2019 to 2021. This study was laid out in  factorial randomized block design with control, factor 1 as soil drenching (D1- humic acid @ 5 ml/plant and D2- jeevamrutham @ 50 ml/plant), factor 2 as foliar spray of different biostimulants (S1- Effective microorganism culture @ 2 %, S2- Egg amino acid @ 1%, S3-Panchagavya @ 3%, S4- Sea weed extract @ 2% and S5- Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrops (PPFM) @ 1 % and control as farmer practices. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher leaf area (9.88 cm2), leaf area index (15.36), chlorophyll a (0.89 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.66 mg/) and total chlorophyll (1.80 mg/g), relative water content (74.41%) and fresh herbage yield (840.18g) in the treatment D1S3 (Humic acid + Panchagavya @3 %). Quality parameters like essential oil (0.19%) and oleoresin (2.86%) were significantly higher in the treatment D1S4 (Humic acid + sea weed extract).
Effect of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling on Doppler Pattern in Patients with Clomiphene Citrate_ Resistant Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: K. Tawfik Nada , A. El sharawy Mohamed , A. Zyton Hossam , T. Soliman Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOs) is a prevalent endocrine condition affecting women throughout their reproductive years. It is the most common cause of ovulation-related infertility, accounting for around 75% of instances of anovulatory infertility. The goal of this study is to see how laparoscopic ovarian drilling affects the Doppler pattern in patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Methods: 50 patients were included, diagnosed as PCO patients according to Rotterdam criteria, 2003 and were planned for LOD.

Results: This study was done at 50 patients was with mean age 29 year, Mean BMI 27.28 Kg/m2,Mean duration of infertility 3.71 years. there were statistically significant decrease in ovarian stromal VI ,FI,VFI and PSV postoperatively, But there was statistically significant increase in ovarian stromal RI postoperatively.

Conclusion: ovarian stromal blood flow indices significantly changed after LOD. Our results provide a potential avenue for evaluation of ovarian stromal blood flow changes after LOD.