bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical update, systematic review, and meta‐analysis of oral erythroplakia as an oral potentially malignant disorder
Authors: Lorenzo‐Pouso Alejandro I. , Lafuente‐Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario , Pérez‐Jardón Alba , Chamorro‐Petronacci Cintia M , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés , Aguirre‐Urízar José Manuel
Published: April 2022

Background

Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma. This critical systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to estimate the malignant development rate of oral erythroplakia and identify the associated risk factors.

Methods

We performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS, with keywords “erythroplakia,” “erythroplasia,” “malignant transformation,” “malignant development,” “malignization,” “carcinogenesis,” “oral cancer,” “oral squamous cell carcinoma,” “mouth neoplasm,” and “prognosis.” Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model.

Results

Ten observational studies with 441 patients met the inclusion criteria, whose mean malignant development rate was 12.7% and with a mean follow‐up period of patients of 6.66 years. In the initial biopsy, 42.8% of oral erythroplakia were already squamous cell carcinoma. The buccal mucosa was the most frequent location of oral erythroplakia, but the floor of the mouth was the most common site of malignant development. All patients who underwent malignant development showed epithelial dysplasia on the initial diagnostic biopsy.

Conclusion

Overall malignant development rate of OE in the meta‐analysis was 19.9%. We could not associate any specific clinicopathological feature with the malignant development. The presence of epithelial dysplasia in the initial biopsy remains the worst prognostic factor. Further observational studies on OE are needed, with well‐established diagnostic criteria and good clinical follow‐up, in order to identify the true risk of malignant development of oral erythroplakia and the related risk factors.
Every Day Matters: Using Daily Methods to Understand Oppression and BIPOC Youth Development in Context
Authors: Wang Yijie
Published: April 2022

There is an increasing use of daily methods (e.g., daily diaries, experience sampling method) by research investigating the roles of oppression, racism, and discrimination on Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) youth adjustment. This commentary discusses several promising directions in which daily methods can help (1) understand adolescents’ oppression‐related experiences in everyday life, (2) investigate the immediate and long‐term implications of these experiences, and (3) explore the role of protective processes and broader contexts. Moving forward, daily methods can be more broadly integrated into other methodologies (e.g., longitudinal designs, qualitative/mixed methods), providing unique insights into how systems of oppression become relevant in BIPOC adolescents’ everyday life and informing practices to improve their adjustment on a daily basis and over the long term.
PP2C1 fine‐tunes melatonin biosynthesis and phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1 binding to melatonin in cassava
Authors: Bai Yujing , Wei Yunxie , Yin Hongyan , Hu Wei , Cheng Xiao , Guo Jingru , Dong Yabin , Zheng Liyan , Xie Haoqi , Zeng Hongqiu , Reiter Russel J. , Shi Haitao
Published: April 2022

Melatonin is an important molecule in both animals and plants, regulating circadian rhythms and stress responses. Therefore, the improvement of melatonin accumulation not only strengthens the function of melatonin but also improves stress resistance in crops. Although melatonin biosynthetic enzymes have been identified through reverse genetics previously, an investigation of melatonin level‐related genes through forward genetics in plants has yet to be performed. In this study, a genome‐wide association study using cassava natural population of 298 genetic resources identified melatonin accumulation 1 (MA1), which regulates the natural variation of melatonin levels in cassava. We found that MA1 encodes type 2C protein phosphatase 1 (PP2C1), which serves as a negative regulator of melatonin levels in cassava. MePP2C1 physically interacts with MeRAV1/2 and MeWRKY20 and dephosphorylates them at serine (S) 35 residue, S34 residue, and S176 residue, respectively, thereby hindering their transcriptional activation on downstream melatonin biosynthetic genes. Notably, MePP2C1 interacts with phytomelatonin receptor MePMTR1 and dephosphorylates it at S11 residue, repressing its binding to melatonin. In summary, this study demonstrates that MePP2C1 as MA1 plays dual roles in negatively regulating both melatonin accumulation and signaling, extending the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying melatonin accumulation and signaling through forward genetics in plants.
Association of sleep with moral severity to accidental harm transgressions: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Trémolière Bastien , Schwartz Flora , Gosling Corentin J.
Published: April 2022

Based on the assumptions that moral judgement activities require cognitive control, a capacity impaired by low sleep quality or a lack of sleep, several studies have explored the association between sleep and moral judgements. However, even if some studies support the association between sleep and both moral awareness and unethical behaviours, others failed to find a robust association between sleep and moral utilitarianism. In the present well‐powered preregistered cross‐sectional study, we explored the role of sleep in another class of moral judgement, namely third‐party punishment (in which people have to assess the morality of an agent who transgressed a moral rule). Specifically, we targeted the association of sleep with judgements of accidental harm transgressions, which are assumed to be especially cognitively costly. Our main analysis showed no association of overall sleep quality during the past month with moral severity in these transgressions. This result was confirmed for other sleep indexes (sleep quantity in the past month, and sleep quantity and quality in the past night). Lastly, we exhaustively explored the associations of all sleep indexes with all classes of moral judgement (accidental, intentional, attempted transgressions and control scenarios). These additional results revealed associations between sleep and moral severity, but none survived correction for multiple testing. Equivalence tests confirmed that the effect sizes of all these associations were relatively low (|r < 0.25|). We ensured that the lack of robust association between natural sleep and third‐party punishment could not be explained by a low quality of the data collected.
Social psychology as a stable interpretative framework irrefutably committed to the scientific study of persons and society
Authors: Barnes Collin D.
Published: April 2022

Despite repeated opportunities to reconsider their natural science ambitions, social psychologists have not done so, and there are no obvious signs of this changing. Why? This paper pursues an answer to this question by defining the field after the fashion of Michael Polanyi's thought. According to Polanyi, interpretative frameworks develop from our primitive bodily encounters with the world and then are shaped by language into the vast conceptual systems of our culture. Concerning frameworks erected on our most fundamental beliefs (e.g., science), he says that we “live in [them] as in the garment of our own skin.” Frameworks such as this are not objects of critical evaluation but of commitment, and social psychology, as an outgrowth of positive philosophy, is an interpretative framework in this sense. Professionals' recent responses to the field's political makeup and replication failures demonstrate this. They aim primarily at preserving a natural science understanding of social psychology and point to the influence of belief‐stabilizing mechanisms Polanyi finds operative in folk religious practices. These mechanisms appear at work also in psychology as a whole. They are implied, for instance, in the field's resistance to Sigmund Koch's authoritative judgement against its scientific self‐conception in the latter half of the 20th century. Noting this reveals the broader implications of this paper's definition of social psychology, but it also urges questions about truth and relativity that cannot be ignored. These questions are addressed briefly in the end where it is suggested that what psychology needs most of all is a change of heart, and that this will happen, if at all, not primarily through argument and evidence, but through persons who authentically believe in the veracity of a different framework.
The seasonal relationships between household dietary diversity and child growth in a rural Timor‐Leste community
Authors: Guizzo Dri Gabriela , Spencer Phoebe R. , da Costa Raimundo , Sanders Katherine A. , Judge Debra S.
Published: April 2022

Both child growth and dietary diversity are poor in rural Timor‐Leste. The rainy season is associated with food scarcity, yet the association between seasonal scarcity, food diversity, and child growth is underdocumented. This study assesses the relationship between household dietary diversity and children's standardized growth across the 2018 food‐scarce (April–May; post‐rainy period) and post‐harvest (October) seasons in the agricultural community of Natarbora, on the south‐coastal plains of Timor‐Leste. We conducted household interviews and collected anthropometric data across 98 and 93 households in the post‐rainy and post‐harvest periods, respectively. Consumed household foods were obtained via 24‐h diet recalls and were subsequently categorized into a nine‐food‐group dietary diversity score (DDS; number of different food groups consumed). The DDS was related to children's standardized short‐term growth (z‐weight, z‐body mass index [BMI] and percent change in weight over the harvest season) via linear mixed models. Across seasons, DDS increased from 3.9 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) to 4.3 (SD = 1.4; p < 0.05). In the post‐rainy season, children in high DDS households had higher z‐weight than those in low DDS households and higher z‐BMI than children in medium and low DDS households. In the post‐harvest period, household DDS did not predict children's z‐weight but predicted z‐BMI. Consumption of protein‐rich foods, particularly animal‐source foods and legumes, in low‐ and medium‐DDS households may be associated with improved child growth. While consuming more animal‐source foods in the post‐rainy season would be ideal, promoting the consumption of locally grown legumes, such as beans and pulses, may facilitate better nutritional outcomes for more children in rural Timor‐Leste.
Predictors of prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension in Ethiopia: Reanalysis of the 2015 NCD STEPS survey using causal path diagrams
Authors: Norris Tom , Girma Meron , Genye Tirsit , Hussen Alemayehu , Pradeilles Rebecca , Bekele Zerihun , van Zyl Cornelia , Samuel Aregash
Published: April 2022

The objective of our study was to reanalyse the Ethiopia STEPwise approach to Surveillance Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors survey (NCD STEPS), using causal path diagrams constructed using expert subject matter knowledge in conjunction with graphical model theory to map the underlying causal network of modifiable factors associated with prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension. We used data from the 2015 Ethiopia NCD STEPS representative cross‐sectional survey (males; n = 3977 and females; n = 5823 aged 15–69 years) and performed directed acyclic graph‐informed logistic regression analyses. In both sexes, a 1‐unit higher in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively associated with prediabetes/diabetes (BMI: males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07 [95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.1], females aOR: 1.03 [1.0, 1.1]; WC: males: aOR: 1.1 [0.9, 1.2], females: aOR: 1.2 [1.1, 1.3]) and hypertension (BMI: males: aOR: 1.2 [1.1, 1.2], females aOR: 1.1 [1.0, 1.1]; WC: males: aOR: 1.6 [1.4, 1.8], females: aOR: 1.3 [1.2, 1.5]). Although residing in urban settings was associated with higher odds of hypertension in both males (aOR: 1.79 [1.49, 2.16]) and females (aOR: 1.70 [1.49, 1.95]), it was only associated with prediabetes/diabetes in males (aOR: 1.56 [1.25, 1.96]). Males and females in pastoralist areas had lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes compared with their agrarian counterparts (males: aOR: 0.27 [0.14, 0.52], females: aOR: 0.31 [0.16, 0.58]). Physical activity was associated with lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes among females (aOR: 0.75 [0.58, 0.97]). Other diet‐related modifiable factors such as consumption of fruit and vegetable, alcohol or salt were not associated with either prediabetes/diabetes or hypertension. Our findings highlight the need to implement interventions that prevent overweight/obesity and nutrition‐related NCDs, particularly in urban areas.
Satellite DNA evolution in Corvoidea inferred from short and long reads
Authors: Peona Valentina , Kutschera Verena E. , Blom Mozes P. K. , Irestedt Martin , Suh Alexander
Published: April 2022

Satellite DNA (satDNA) is a fast‐evolving portion of eukaryotic genomes. The homogeneous and repetitive nature of such satDNA causes problems during the assembly of genomes, and therefore it is still difficult to study it in detail in nonmodel organisms as well as across broad evolutionary timescales. Here, we combined the use of short‐ and long‐read data to explore the diversity and evolution of satDNA between individuals of the same species and between genera of birds spanning ~40 millions of years of bird evolution using birds‐of‐paradise (Paradisaeidae) and crow (Corvus) species. These avian species highlighted the presence of a GC‐rich Corvoidea satellitome composed of 61 satellite families and provided a set of candidate satDNA monomers for being centromeric on the basis of length, abundance, homogeneity and transcription. Surprisingly, we found that the satDNA of crow species rapidly diverged between closely related species while the satDNA appeared more similar between birds‐of‐paradise species belonging to different genera.
Stroke incidence and chronic kidney disease: A hospital‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Wakasugi Minako , Yokoseki Akio , Wada Masakazu , Sanpei Kazuhiro , Momotsu Takeshi , Sato Kenji , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kazutoshi , Onodera Osamu , Narita Ichiei
Published: April 2022

Aim

This prospective cohort study aimed to (i) examine stroke incidence and stroke subtypes by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, (ii) examine whether CKD patients with or without proteinuria have a high risk of stroke independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and (iii) determine precise estimates of stroke risk by CKD stage while accounting for competing mortality risk.

Methods

Participants were 2023 patients enrolled in the Project in Sado for Total Health between June 2008 and December 2016 (55% men; mean age, 69 years), of whom 52% had CKD (stage 1–2, 10%; G3a, 48%; G3b, 17%; G4–5, 11% and G5D, 14%).

Results

During a median follow‐up of 5.7 years, 157 participants developed stroke and 448 died without developing stroke. Most stroke cases were ischaemic among non‐dialysis‐dependent CKD participants, but the relative frequency of ischaemic stroke was near that of intracerebral haemorrhage among dialysis‐dependent CKD participants. After adjustment, stage 1–2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–5.51) and stage G3–5 participants with proteinuria (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.56–4.02), but not stage G3–5 participants without proteinuria (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38–1.08), had a higher stroke risk compared to non‐CKD participants. In competing risk analyses, the association was attenuated but remained significant.

Conclusion

Although the distribution of stroke subtypes differed, CKD participants with proteinuria and those with CKD stage 5D had a 2‐ and 4‐times higher risk of stroke, respectively, than that of non‐CKD participants, after accounting for competing mortality risk and traditional risk factors.
Melatonin affects red deer spermatozoa motility and physiology in capacitating and non‐capacitating conditions
Authors: Fernández‐Alegre Estela , Lacalle Estíbaliz , Soriano‐Úbeda Cristina , Carlos Domínguez Juan , Casao Adriana , Martínez‐Pastor Felipe
Published: April 2022

Melatonin affects sperm physiology, possibly through membrane receptors. Effects were tested at low concentrations (1 pM, 100 pM, 10 nM and 1 µM) in red deer epididymal spermatozoa as a model for high‐seasonality species. Samples were incubated with melatonin as uncapacitated or capacitating conditions (heparin) and evaluated for motility and physiology (flow cytometry). Most effects occurred at low concentrations (nM‐pM), mainly protecting from apoptosis and maintaining acrosomal integrity, suggesting a role for membrane receptors rather than a direct antioxidant effect. Intracellular calcium was not affected, differing from other studies and perhaps because of the epididymal origin. This study supports the relevance of melatonin on sperm physiology and could contribute to the application of reproductive technologies in wild ruminants.
Different understandings of welfare benefits among the Dutch public: A focus group study
Authors: Lindner Thijs , De Koster Willem , Van der Waal Jeroen
Published: April 2022

Numerous studies have assessed the extent to which citizens support or oppose welfare benefits (shorthand: benefits). To properly understand this support or opposition, it is important to consider what benefits actually mean to citizens. Indeed, because citizens' understandings of benefits are likely to vary, there may be similar (different) levels of support for very different (similar) reasons. Consequently, in‐depth insights into these understandings are required to properly grasp public attitudes on welfare benefits. Therefore, this study adopts an inductive approach, holding focus‐group discussions with Dutch citizens with different social backgrounds (48 respondents/11 gatherings). Three distinct discourses were identified: (1) benefits as self‐responsibility and reciprocity; (2) benefits as participation and solidarity; and (3) benefits as well‐being and self‐actualization. These diverging discourses each involve closely intertwined understandings of the function of benefits, their relationship to work and welfare deservingness. We discuss the relevance of our findings and make suggestions for future research.
Reflecting on the past and looking ahead: An exploration of coach–teacher talk during reflection meetings
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie
Published: April 2022

The coaching cycle has been identified as a productive activity in which coaches can engage teachers to support teacher learning. Previous research has primarily focused on exploring teachers' learning opportunities during the planning meetings and enacted lessons, while reflection meetings have been left relatively unexplored. In the current study, I partnered with two coach‐teacher dyads to explore teachers' learning opportunities during six reflection meetings. In particular, I explore the substance, or topic, of coach‐teacher conversations, as well as the depth of reasoning that was achieved for these dyads. Overall, results indicate that dyads toggled back and forth between reflecting on previous instruction and discussing future instruction, while maintaining a focus on discussing students, pedagogy, and content. Furthermore, most of the coach‐teacher reflection talk was categorized at the high‐depth level as the dyads consistently provided evidence and reasoning to support claims made, which points to the generative nature of coach‐teacher reflection conversations. Implications for practice as well as future research are provided.
Cs enrichment controlled by microbial community: Evidence from sinters along a temperature gradient of the Daggyai Major Geyser, Tibet
Authors: Li Rong , Wu Geng , Jones Brian
Published: April 2022

The Daggyai sinters in Tibet are known for their Cs‐bearing deposits. To understand the relationship between Cs concentrations and sinter fabrics, variations in fabrics and Cs contents along a temperature gradient from 81 to 43°C associated with the Daggyai Major Geyser are examined herein. The fabrics of sinters vary from stromatolite‐like in the pool margin to palisade with numerous large‐diameter filaments along the overflow apron to diatoms and small‐diameter filaments at the distal end of discharge channel. The large‐diameter filaments are tentatively assigned to Chloroflexi, whereas the filamentous mats found at the pool margin and distal end of discharge channel may have been formed by cyanobacteria. The Cs concentrations are highest in the sinters associated with the cyanobacteria. These results indicate that Cs enrichment may be controlled by the composition and abundance of microbial community.
Urinary bladder wall mass with neoplastic lymphoid cells in the urine: Diagnosis of an IgG secretory B‐cell lymphoma with Bence‐Jones proteinuria in a dog
Authors: Jeffries Christina , Moore A Russell , Schlemmer Samantha N.
Published: April 2022

In this study, we describe a multimodal approach to diagnose a unique case of myeloma‐related disease, extranodal secretory B‐cell lymphoma with urinary bladder involvement, an IgG4 monoclonal gammopathy, and Bence‐Jones proteinuria in a dog with a 6‐year history of hyperglobulinemia that had not been further evaluated. A 12‐year‐old dog was presented for evaluation of a 1‐week history of tenesmus. Urine sediment cytologic evaluation revealed low to moderate numbers of intermediate to large‐sized lymphocytes. We describe a technique that yielded adequate numbers of viable neoplastic cells in shipped urine sediment for PARR and flow cytometry. Those studies demonstrated a clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and an expansion of CD21‐positive and MHC Class II‐negative B cells, respectively. Protein electrophoresis with immunofixation and proteomic evaluation revealed a serum and urine IgG4 monoclonal gammopathy with Bence‐Jones proteinuria. MUM1 immunocytochemistry performed on the urine sediment slides failed to label the neoplastic cells; thus, a plasma cell tumor was considered unlikely. Lack of response to a cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy regimen led to euthanasia without necropsy 21 days after diagnosis. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy and accounts for up to a quarter of all neoplasms in dogs, but lymphoid neoplasms arising primarily from extranodal sites are infrequently reported. Urinary tract neoplasia can be diagnosed by urine evaluation in about one‐third of canine cases, but the diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasia via urine evaluation is rarely reported. This case highlights the utility of ancillary diagnostics on urine for detection of lymphoid malignancies.
A Tributação das Organizações da Sociedade Civil
Authors: Pessoa Leonel Cesarino , Baptista Rafael Edelman de Oliveira
Published: April 2022

O objetivo do presente trabalho é utilizar a Lei 12.527/2011, Lei de Acesso à Informação, para obtenção de dados sobre os tributos pagos pelas organizações da sociedade civil. Foram elaborados ofícios solicitando informações a Fiscos de 58 municípios, todas as capitais de Estados e do Distrito Federal, além de 31 outros municípios. No caso de resposta negativa, foram analisados os problemas que estão no fundamento da impossibilidade do fornecimento de informação. No caso das respostas positivas, foram analisados os dados obtidos.Três conclusões principais podem ser feitas a partir dos resultados que foram obtidos. Em primeiro lugar, o principal motivo para que não se prestasse a informação foi de ordem técnica, tendo sido feita apenas em dois casos menção ao sigilo fiscal como obstáculo à prestação de informações. Em segundo lugar, também chama a atenção o fato de muitas pessoas jurídicas à quais foi atribuída quando da inscrição, natureza jurídica de organizações da sociedade civil não exerçam atividades que são, em princípio, próprias de organizações da sociedade civil. Em terceiro lugar, ressalta-se que o montante de tributo de que se abre mão em razão de imunidade ou isenção no caso de organizações que atuam nas áreas de defesa de direitos e atividades ligadas à arte e à cultura não ser expressivo.
O Espaço Formal de Ação do Ministério Público entre 1989 e 2016: Mudanças Incrementais e Ativação Estratégica
Authors: Viegas Rafael Rodrigues , Berlatto Fabia , Mongelós Silvia Avelina Arias , De Lima Débora Dossiatti
Published: April 2022

A legislação produzida pelo Congresso Nacional desde 1989 acerca da burocracia jurídica estatal é de interesse corrente da Ciência Política. Quanto ao Ministério Público (MP), encontram-se investigações a respeito das mudanças na atuação de seus integrantes e das alterações da legislação federal desde então. No entanto, a passagem da atuação no âmbito cível para o criminal, como nos casos de combate à corrupção, é mencionada sem se analisar adequadamente o espaço formal de ação no processo. Assim, o artigo trata do efeito da mudança no espaço formal de ação do MP desde 1989 sobre a instituição e os seus integrantes. O estudo maneja conceitos do novo institucionalismo histórico e sociológico, usa a estatística descritiva e a análise de conteúdo das leis e seus tópicos entre 1989 e 2002 e entre 2003 e 2016, abarcando, portanto, dois contextos político ideológicos. A noção de microssistema é utilizada para descrever a principal característica da legislação, o que dimensiona o espaço formal e a sua mudança ao longo do tempo. A variável federalismo foi acionada para compreender a atuação dos integrantes da instituição em diferentes contextos. O resultado aponta para um processo incremental no espaço de ação, não dependente de uma única conjuntura política ou ideológica de governo. Por fim, considera que, para compreender a atuação do MP, é necessário observar as ativações estratégicas da legislação por seus integrantes, conforme fatores endógenos, bem como a pressão da conjuntura política e social sobre a instituição.
A Presença da Sociedade Civil Organizada e do Ministério Público nas Ações Civis Públicas de Consumo Julgadas em Curitiba entre 2000 e 2020
Authors: Caldeira Violeta Sarti , Garcia Lucas Vasco
Published: April 2022

Com base no banco de dados construído com as informações disponibilizadas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná (TJPR), procurou-se analisar a presença da sociedade civil organizada e do Ministério Público nas ações civis públicas de consumo julgadas em Curitiba, nos anos de 2000 a 2020. Para tanto, a pesquisa, com abordagem quali-quantitativa e método hipotético-dedutivo, foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira parte, discorreu-se sobre os fundamentos do Direito Coletivo, da ação civil pública e do Direito do Consumidor. Na segunda parte, apresentou-se a pesquisa empírica, analisando criticamente a presença dos autores nas ações civis públicas de consumo nos últimos 20 anos, tendo sempre como norte os conceitos desenvolvidos na primeira parte. A partir do exame conjunto dos dados, comparou-se a atuação do Ministério Público e das associações consumeristas, apontando conclusões e sugestões que possam permitir, sem qualquer pretensão de resolver os problemas que afetam a justiça, reflexões para torná-la mais acessível no âmbito do instituto da ação civil pública de consumo. Apesar da pesquisa ter sido realizada somente na cidade de Curitiba, seus resultados representam um retrato bastante nítido de tal instituto nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros, os quais revelam uma significativa atuação da sociedade civil organizada e uma certa parcimoniosidade do Poder Judiciário no julgamento de seus pleitos.
Criados para Trabalhar, Controlados para Servir
Authors: Costa Adailton Pires
Published: April 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar as tentativas das classes proprietárias de implementação de um modelo de regulação das relações de trabalho “livre” nos espaços urbanos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no Brasil pós-abolição. Trata-se do processo de identificação profissional obrigatória com repercussões criminais, previsto em projetos de regulamento de locação de serviços domésticos, do grupo de trabalhadores chamados de “criados de servir”, que abrangia trabalhadores domésticos e do comércio. Essa técnica de identificação limitava a liberdade de trabalho, organização e locomoção desses trabalhadores, quebrando suas resistências às novas formas de exploração da força de trabalho no capitalismo.
Os Livros de Batismo e a Arte de Burlar a Legislação de Proibição do Tráfico Internacional de Escravizados
Authors: Melek Delgado Erika , Gonçalves Santos Telma , De Meira Borba Nina Maria
Published: April 2022

Este artigo objetiva questionar as razões pelas quais um número significativo de africanos escravizados teve seus batismos registrados na Igreja de Santo Amaro de Ipitanga, apesar de viverem em Salvador, muitas léguas de distância da dita Matriz. A hipótese aberta é de que após o alvará de 1831 (que proibia o tráfico internacional de escravos), senhores de engenho na região de Brotas começaram a batizar seus escravizados em capelas privadas e registrá-los em locais distantes, como a Igreja de Santo Amaro de Ipitanga. Tais atos eram uma estratégia para contornar as leis brasileiras de proibição do tráfico internacional de escravizados. Para a análise de vasta documentação que aborda um período de cem anos, pré e pós proibição do tráfico, utilizamos os dados pessoais de africanos que constam no banco de dados do projeto Freedom Narratives. A análise de trajetórias pessoais e movimentação espacial foi feita a partir de um exame comparativo possível através da metodologia criada pelo projeto para analisar o que se compreende como “big data”.
Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of mandible: a rare case presentation and literature review
Authors: Saripalli Ravi Raja Kumar , Jakkula Ananth Nag , Alluri Leela Subhashini Choudary , Puranapanda Meghana Sri Ravali
Published: April 2022

Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (IMC) is an atypical salivary gland neoplasm commonly seen in middle-aged adults. Their presentation in young individuals below the age group of 20 years is sporadic. Treatment modality mainly includes radical surgical resection for malignant tumours. There were only 13 reported cases of IMC of mandible below the age of 20 years in the English literature. All the reported cases were only managed with wide resection and radiotherapy. Surgical resection leads to loss of form and function in the young population, decreasing their morale. Hence, reconstruction should be mandated in young individuals for restoring function and aesthetics. We present a case of IMC of the mandible in a young female individual resected and reconstructed with a free fibula bone graft. Satisfactory healing is elicited with no recurrence at the 2-year follow-up period.
Understanding linkage to biopsy and treatment for breast cancer after a high-risk telemammography result in Peru: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Errea Renato A , Garcia Patricia J , Pace Lydia E , Galea Jerome T , Franke Molly F
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This mixed-method study aimed to understand the effectiveness of linkage to biopsy and treatment in women with a high-risk mammography result (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS 4 and 5) in the national telemammography programme and to explore women’s experiences during this process.

Setting

Quantitative component: we collected and linked health data from the telemammography reading centre, the national public health insurance, the national centre for disease control and the national referral cancer centre. Qualitative component: we interviewed participants from different regions of the country representing diverse social and geographical backgrounds.

Participants

Quantitative: women who underwent telemammography between July 2017 and September 2018 and had high-risk results (BI-RADS 4–5) were collected. Qualitative: women with a high-risk telemammography result, healthcare providers and administrators.

Outcomes measures

Quantitative: we determined biopsy and treatment linkage rates and delays. Qualitative: we explored barriers and facilitators for obtaining a biopsy and initiating treatment.

Results

Of 126 women with high-risk results, 48.4% had documentation of biopsy and 37.5% experienced a delay of >45 days to biopsy. Of 51 women diagnosed with breast cancer, 86.4% had evidence of treatment initiation, but 69.2% initiated treatment >45 days after biopsy. Travelling to major cities for care, administrative factors and breast cancer misconceptions, among other factors, impeded timely, continuous care for breast cancer. A multidisciplinary and culturally tailored patient education facilitated understanding of the disease and prompt decision making about subsequent medical care.

Conclusions

Strengthened breast cancer care capacity outside the capital city, standardised referral pathways, ensured financial support for travel expenses, and enhanced patient education are required to secure linkage to the breast cancer care continuum. Robust information systems are needed to track patients and to evaluate the programme’s performance.
Chronic high-altitude exposure and the epidemiology of ischaemic stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Cordovez Simone Pierina , Vasconez Eduardo , Viscor Ginés , Roderick Paul
Published: April 2022

Introduction

About 5.7% of the world population resides above 1500 m. It has been hypothesised that acute exposure to high-altitude locations can increase stroke risk, while chronic hypoxia can reduce stroke-related mortality.

Objective

This review aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on the association between long-term high-altitude exposure and ischaemic stroke.

Design

A systematic review was performed from 1 January 1960 to 1 December 2021 to assess the possible link between high-altitude exposure and ischaemic stroke. The AMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, the Europe PubMed Central and the Latin-American bibliographic database Scielo were accessed using the University of Southampton library tool Delphis. In this review, we included population and individual-based observational studies, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies except for those merely descriptive individual-based case reports. Studies were limited to humans living or visiting high-altitude locations for at least 28 days as a cut-off point for chronic exposure.

Results

We reviewed a total of 1890 abstracts retrieved during the first step of the literature review process. The authors acquired in full text as potentially relevant 204 studies. Only 17 documents met the inclusion criteria and were finally included. Ten studies clearly suggest that living at high altitudes may be associated with an increased risk of stroke; however, five studies suggest that altitude may act as a protective factor for the development of stroke, while two studies report ambiguous results.

Conclusions

This review suggests that the most robust studies are more likely to find that prolonged living at higher altitudes reduces the risk of developing stroke or dying from it. Increased irrigation due to angiogenesis and increased vascular perfusion might be the reason behind improved survival profiles among those living within this altitude range. In contrast, residing above 3500 m seems to be associated with an apparent increased risk of developing stroke, probably linked to the presence of polycythaemia and other associated factors such as increased blood viscosity.
Longitudinal evaluation of treatment patterns, risk factors and outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease treated with lipid-lowering therapy in the UK
Authors: Danese Mark , Sidelnikov Eduard , Villa Guillermo , Catterick David , Iqbal Mazhar , Gleeson Michelle , Lubeck Deborah , Patel Jeetesh
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To compare treatment patterns, risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates in the UK from 2008 to 2017.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Setting

UK primary care.

Participants

We selected 10 annual cohorts of patients with documented CVD receiving lipid-lowering therapy and the subsets with myocardial infarction (MI). Each cohort included patients ≥18 years old, with ≥1 year of medical history and ≥2 lipid-lowering therapy prescriptions in the prior year.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

For each annual cohort, we identified cardiovascular risk factors and lipid-lowering therapy and estimated the 1-year composite rate of fatal and non-fatal MI, ischaemic stroke (IS) or revascularisation.

Results

The documented CVD cohort mean age was 71.6 years in 2008 (N=173 424) and 72.5 (N=94 418) in 2017; in the MI subset, mean age was 70.1 years in 2008 (N=38 999) and 70.4 in 2017 (N=25 900). Both populations had larger proportions of men. In the documented CVD cohort, the proportion receiving high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy from 2008 to 2017 doubled from 16% to 32%; in the MI subset, the increase was 20% to 48%. In the documented CVD cohort, the proportion of patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L increased from 28% to 38%; in the MI subset, the proportion with LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L increased from 32% to 42%. The composite event rate per 100 person-years declined over time, from 2.5 to 2.0 in the documented CVD cohort, and from 3.7 to 2.8 in the MI subset. After excluding revascularisation from the composite outcome, the decline in the event rate in both populations was substantially attenuated.

Conclusions

Despite an increase in high-intensity therapy use and a decline in revascularisation, more than half of patients did not receive high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy by 2017 and incidence rates of MI and IS remained virtually unchanged.
Virtual visiting in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study with ICU clinicians and non-ICU family team liaison members
Authors: Xyrichis Andreas , Pattison Natalie , Ramsay Pam , Saha Sian , Cook Amelia , Metaxa Victoria , Meyer Joel , Rose Louise
Published: April 2022

Objective

To understand the experiences and perceived benefits of virtual visiting from the perspectives of intensive care unit (ICU)-experienced clinicians and non-ICU-experienced family liaison team members.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Setting

Adult intensive care setting across 14 hospitals within the UK National Health Service.

Participants

ICU-experienced clinicians and non-ICU-experienced family liaison team members deployed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Semistructured telephone/video interviews were conducted with ICU clinicians. Analytical themes were developed inductively following a standard thematic approach, using ‘family-centred care’ and ‘sensemaking’ as sensitising concepts.

Results

We completed 36 interviews, with 17 ICU-experienced clinicians and 19 non-ICU-experienced family liaison team members. In the context of inperson visiting restrictions, virtual visiting offered an alternative conduit to (1) restoring the family unit, (2) facilitating family involvement, and (3) enabling sensemaking for the family. Virtual visits with multiple family members concurrently and with those living in distant geographical locations restored a sense of family unit. Family involvement in rehabilitation, communication and orientation activities, as well as presence at the end of life, highlighted how virtual visiting could contribute to family-centred care. Virtual visits were emotionally challenging for many family members, but also cathartic in helping make sense of their own emotions and experience by visualising their relatives in the ICU. Being able to see and interact with loved ones and their immediate care providers afforded important cues to enable family sensemaking of the ICU experience.

Conclusions

In this UK qualitative study of clinicians using virtual ICU visiting, in the absence of inperson visiting, virtual visiting was perceived positively as an alternative that promoted family-centred care through virtual presence. We anticipate the perceived benefits of virtual visiting may extend to non-pandemic conditions through improved equity and timeliness of family access to the ICU by offering an alternative option alongside inperson visiting.
Cross-sectional survey on cigarette smoking in Chinese high-income areas
Authors: Yuan Lei , Liu Pei , Zhao Zhe , Wei Zhenbang , Liu Lijuan , Sun Jinhai
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate smoking status and its influencing factors in high-income areas of China.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

High-income areas in China.

Participants

4064 persons aged 15 years or older from the survey results in Global Adult Tobacco Survey-China 2018.

Methods

Gross national income data were used to determine China’s high-income economic regions, and the results of the survey in Global Adult Tobacco Survey-China 2018 were used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 4064 people were included in our study, including 881 current smokers, 2884 who had never smoked and 299 who had quit smoking. Using the standardised rate method, the standardised smoking rates in high-income and non-high-income areas in China were calculated to be 23.56% and 27.77%, respectively. Men, high school education or below, knowledge of e-cigarette information, permission to smoke at home and people with poor smoking health literacy are the main influencing factors of smokers in high-income areas of China.

Conclusion

The smoking rate of people in China’s high-income areas is lower than the overall smoking rate in China, and we should increase the public awareness that smoking is harmful to health, encourage the prohibition of smoking at home, increase investment in higher education and improve residents’ smoking health literacy level. The purpose of this study was to encourage reduction in the rate of smoking and better control the prevalence of smoking.
Variation in the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 193 international studies
Authors: Ho Iris Szu-Szu , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Akbari Ashley , Davies Jim , Hodgins Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Kadam Umesh , Lyons Ronan , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart W , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Guthrie Bruce
Published: April 2022

Objective

(1) To estimate the pooled prevalence of multimorbidity in all age groups, globally. (2) To examine how measurement of multimorbidity impacted the estimated prevalence.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted searches in nine bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, Embase, Global Health, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) for prevalence studies published between database inception and 21 January 2020. Studies reporting the prevalence of multimorbidity (in all age groups and in community, primary care, care home and hospital settings) were included. Studies with an index condition or those that did not include people with no long-term conditions in the denominator were excluded. Retrieved studies were independently reviewed by two reviewers, and relevant data were extracted using predesigned pro forma. We used meta-analysis to pool the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity across studies, and used random-effects meta-regression and subgroup analysis to examine the association of heterogeneous prevalence estimates with study and measure characteristics.

Results

13 807 titles were screened, of which 193 met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of multimorbidity was 42.4% (95% CI 38.9% to 46.0%) with high heterogeneity (I2>99%). In adjusted meta-regression models, participant mean age and the number of conditions included in a measure accounted for 47.8% of heterogeneity in effect sizes. The estimated prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly higher in studies with older adults and those that included larger numbers of conditions. There was no significant difference in estimated prevalence between low-income or middle-income countries (36.8%) and high-income countries (44.3%), or between self-report (40.0%) and administrative/clinical databases (52.7%).

Conclusions

The pooled prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly higher in older populations and when studies included a larger number of baseline conditions. The findings suggest that, to improve study comparability and quality of reporting, future studies should use a common core conditions set for multimorbidity measurement and report multimorbidity prevalence stratified by sociodemographics.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020172409.
Psychosocial interventions for community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shikuri Yuki , Tanoue Hiroki , Imai Hissei , Nakamura Hideki , Yamaguchi Fumitake , Goto Taichi , Kido Yoshifumi , Tajika Aran , Sawada Hirotake , Ishida Yasushi , Yoshinaga Naoki
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Despite the recent global mental health movement of the transition from hospital-centred to integrated community-based services, comprehensive evidence of psychosocial interventions focusing on community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia is still lacking. To overcome this gap in the current knowledge, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of all types of psychosocial interventions for community-dwelling (non-hospitalised) individuals with schizophrenia when compared with non-active control conditions (eg, treatment as usual).

Methods and analysis

This study protocol has been developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. By March 2022, the following sources will have been searched, without restrictions for language or publication period: Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We will also try to identify other potentially eligible studies by searching the reference lists of included studies, other relevant systematic reviews and grey literature. All relevant randomised controlled trials from both high-income and low-income to middle-income countries will be allowed. Two independent reviewers will conduct the selection/screening of studies, data extraction and methodological quality assessment of included studies. The primary outcomes are quality of life and psychiatric hospital admission. Standard pairwise meta-analyses with a random-effects model will be conducted. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed to assess the robustness of the findings. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomised Trials. The Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to assess the quality of evidence.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required for this study. The study findings will be disseminated through conference presentations as well as peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021266187.