bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Eclipta alba and Ocimum sanctum on haloperidol induced parkinsonism
Authors: Chahal Harmel Singh , Sharma Shailendra
Published: September 2018

The aim of the study is protective effect of compound Eclipta alba and Ocimum sanctum on Parkinsonism induced mice by haloperidol injection. Parkinsonism is neurodegenerative disease due to the deficiency of dopamine in brain. The pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease in the cell loss within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region and the disease is charactrised by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, orofacial dyskinesia, muscular stiffness and tremor1. Mice were injected 1mg/kg haloperidol and then treated with test and standard substance for 15 days. The impairment in catatonia in mice were tested using catatonic activity. Biochemical analysis of brain homogenate was performed so ass to assess brain Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level and reduced glutathione (GSH) and TNF-α level were measured to assess total oxidative stress. EA 300mg/kg and OS 400mg/kg show slightly change in catatonic activity in mice while EA 600mg/kg and 800mg/kg significantly change in catatonic activity. Furthermore, Eclipta alba and Ocimum sanctum prevent the haloperidol induced changes in the level of brain TBARS, GSH and TNF-α. From the results we conclude that Eclipta alba and Ocimum sanctum has protective action against impairment in catatonic activity and pathological damage due to oxidative stress induced by intraperitoneally injection of haloperidol in mice.       

Keywords: Eclipta alba, Ocimum Sanctum, Parkinsonism, Anti-oxidant.
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT, FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG TADALAFIL
Authors: Sisodiya Mayuri , Saudagar Ravindranath
Published: September 2018

The objective of the study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Tadalafil using hydrophilic carriers such as PVP K-30, Poloxamer 188, Sodium starch glycolate and compatibility study of Tadalafil with different polymers by FTIR. Characterization of solid dispersion-FTIR, DSC and phase solubility analysis was study to improve the oral bioavailability. Formulation and evaluation of immediate release tablets prepare from solubility enhanced Tadalafil. Among the various approaches Solvent evaporation has gained good acceptance in recent years in the industry for enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Poloxamer 188 used as polymer as it is good solubilizing agent. As per the phase solubility studies, a 32 factorial study were used to prepare the immediate release tablet and evaluated for the interactions and in vitro drug release. Sodium Starch Glycolate and PVP used as superdisintegrants. The solubility of tadalafil in selected ratios containing tadalafil and Poloxamer 188 solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation was determined. From the various ratios 1:0.5 was resulted in a much higher enhancement (9.75folds). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies conducted, explain overall drug and excipients compatibility. More than 90% of tadalafil was released from IR tablet within 30 min. There is enhancement of the solubility rate if tadalafil by solid dispersion with Poloxamer 188 prepared by solvent evaporation method. The compatibility studies of the drug and polymers showed that there was no incompatibility between them. Wet granulation method showed that, the desired flow properties for the compression into tablets. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation method resulted into simple, cheap, more suitable method for the manufacturing immediate release dosage form.
In-vivo Evaluation of the Wound Healing Activity of the Sesamum Indicum L. Seed Extract in Novel Ethosomal Vesicular System
Authors: Somwanshi Sachin B , Hiremath Shivanand N
Published: September 2018

Aim: To establish the wound healing activity of Sesamum indicum L. of seed extract in novel ethosomal vesicles. Methods: The ethosomal vesicles were formulated with prepared seed extract of Sesamum indicum L. by solvent evaporation method and characterized it. The optimized ethosomal vesicles then incorporated into gel base for further in vivo study in wistar rat. The evaluation of the wound healing activity was performed by using two models i.e. incision and excision models. In excision model percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization were established for both the extracts. In incision model the parameter which was carried out was breaking strength of wounded skin. Results: The results revealed that the percentage wound contraction, period of epithelialization in excision model was enhanced than that of other groups and tensile strength of skin in incision model was similar to that of standard treated group.

Keywords: Sesamum indicum L., Wound Healing, Ethosomal gel.
INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF BENTONITE-BASED PICKERING EMULSION
Authors: TOUZOUIRT Saida , KESSAL Fetta , BELAIDI Chanez , BOULHALFA Dihia
Published: September 2018

The aim of this work is to study the impact of processing parameters on the rheological properties of Pickering emulsions containing bentonite particles, CTAB, NaCl and soybean oil. Emulsification experiments were performed using mixing and homogenization at different speeds for 10 minutes. The effects of stirring speed and homogenization were investigated to determine the best conditions for producing a suitable Pickering emulsion for the intended application. In order to assess the influence of processing parameters on the Pickering emulsion rheological behavior average droplet size was measured and rheological tests were performed on all the emulsions samples. The rheological behavior of these emulsions is modeled by Casson's law. Results show that the stirring speed first decreases the average size of the droplets, and then an effect on the initial viscosity is observed. Increasing the stirring speed increases the values of the initial viscosity in contrast to the infinite viscosity which is influenced by the homogenization speed. On the other hand, these processing parameters significantly affect the values of the yield strength.

Keywords: stirring speed, speed homogenization, rheological properties, Pickering emulsion.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUMATRIPTAN IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLETS
Authors: Munija P , Srikanth G
Published: September 2018

The rationale of this investigation is to design an immediate release oral dosage of Sumatriptan succinate by using microcrystalline cellulose as filler, camphor and menthol as subliming agents by direct compression method .The basic objective of this dissertation is to develop an orodispersible tablet of sumatriptan succinate used in anti-migraine with an aim of reduces the lag time and providing faster onset of action to relief the acute migraine effect immediately. Disintegrates and disperses in oral cavity within 30 seconds without the need of drinking water. Has pleasant mouth feel and there is no after taste or grittiness. Successfully discriminates the ability of three superdisintegrants to promote drug dissolution and proposes a model formulation for disintegrants performance testing and quality control purposes. The formulation F6 containing 8% of CCS and 10% of menthol showed disintegration time of 18seconds after drying. Menthol as subliming agent was found to be most effective of all other subliming agents as it had showed drastic effect on the drug release.

Keywords: Sumatriptan succinate, sublimation, menthol, anti-migraine
GASTROPROTECTIVE NSAIDs
Authors: Shahnaz Mohammad , Kaur Parminder , Prasad DN
Published: September 2018

NSAIDs suffer from a serious drawback of GI-SEs caused particularly after chronic use. There is evidence concerning the participation of ROS in the etiology & pathophysiology of digestive system disorders like GI-inflammation & gastro ulcer. With the aim to retard the adverse effects of GI-Origin, conjugates of NSAIDs (especially the carboxylic acid derivatives) with some antioxidants can be synthesized by esterification with various antioxidants of natural origin. The conjugates that show the retention or potentiating of anti-inflammatory activity with reduced ulcerogenic side effect could be potential gastroprotective co-drugs of NSAIDs.

Keyboards: NSAIDs, Gastroprotective, ROS, Natural antioxidants, Conjugates, Ulcerogenic
ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL PROFILE AND TREATMENT CHART REVIEW FOR ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE (ALD) PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Biradar Siddaruda Malleshappa , Gelada Dhanavanti , Mounika MV , Meghana P , Bharathi M , Ambali Anand P. , Mallinath P , Vinod M , Kalyane NV
Published: September 2018

Background/Aim: Alcohol remains one of most common cause of liver disease in India, hence the present study was undertaken to assess the clinical profile and treatment chart review of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients.

Materials and Methods: Hospital based prospective and observational study was carried out for a period of nine months in a tertiary care hospital of south India.  All the patients of either gender diagnosed with ALD were enrolled in the study and patient consent was taken, the data related to the patients of ALD were documented in a structured patient data collection form and analyzed carefully.

Results: ALD was mainly affected in male with age group of 41-50 years.Out of 130 patients 43.8% patients were suffered from Fatty Liver disease while 23.1% were suffered from Alcoholic Hepatitis and 33.1% were suffered from Cirrhosis of Liver. The secondary developments to ALD were portal hypertension (13.8%) followed by Ascities (10.8%) and Hepatitis (10%). The major risk factors involved in ALD was alcohol per se (52.3%) and, alcohol and smoking exaggerate the disease condition. The Periodic (61.5%) and regular basis (38.5%) of alcoholism for chronic period of time may land up with ALD. Polypharmacy is essential for the treatment of ALD as it inoved multiple secondary development to ALD. The patients were intervened and counselled on their individual basis for ALD consequences, and motivated for cessation of alcohol and smoking.

Conclusion: The study enlightens that the early diagnosis and its beneficial outcomes that can exponentially curtail the mortality rate of ALD. Similarly the optimal drug therapy regimen and patient counseling may improve the patient’s quality of life.

Keywords: Alcoholic Liver Disease; Optimal Drug Therapy; Patient Counselling; Improved Quality of Life
TITRIMETRIC ASSAY OF SOME ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS WITH PYRIDINIUM FLUORO CHROMATE (PFC) REAGENT
Authors: Pandey Ajay Kumar , Dwivedi Dharmendra
Published: September 2018

In the present paper, simple, convenient accurate, precise and cost effective  titrimetric (Visual volumetric) method has been reported for the estimation of some antihistamine drugs e.g. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CPH), Fexofenadine hydrochloride (FFH), Promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) and Pheniramine maleate (PM) in pure form and in their pharmaceutical preparations such as Ciplactin (Tab), Allegra (Tab), Phenergan (Tab and Inj) and Avil (Tab and Inj) with Pyridinium fluoro chromate (PFC) reagent. The principle of this method is based on the fact, that each pharmaceutical drug consists of certain organic functional group which on oxidation  by a known excess of potassium iodate in sulphuric acid medium followed by iodometric titration in presence of reagent Pyridinium fluoro chromate (PFC) establishes stoichiometric relationship between drug molecule and an oxidising reagent Pyridinium fluoro chromate (PFC).Different results obtained for each drug during experiment, has been validated by different statistical parameters such as percentage error, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV).Results obtained from these statistical parameters proves the accuracy and precision of adopted method.
AN OVERVIEW ON PHARMACOVIGILANCE: A KEY FOR DRUG SAFETY AND MONITORING
Authors: Kesharwani Vipin , Farooqui Mohd. Asad , Kushwaha Nikhil , Singh Ravi Kesh , Jaiswal Pankaj Kumar
Published: September 2018

Pharmacovigilance outlined by the globe Health Organization (WHO) because the science and series of activities about the detection, evaluation, understanding rejection of adverse impact or Associate in Nursing different drug connected problem’ and a clinical test could be an analysis study in human volunteers to answer specific health queries. Fastidiously conducted clinical trials square measure quickest and safest thanks to realizing treatment that employment in individuals and thanks to improving health.  Play a crucial role in guaranteeing that patient to be provided the safe drug. The Pharmacovigilance has been recognizing to play a crucial role in the rational use of the drug by providing data concerning the adverse impact possess by drug normally population. The information of drug Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRs) are often increased by numerous suggests that such information studies, intensive observation, spontaneous reportage and different new method at dictatorial and scientific level square measure being developed with the intention of step-up Pharmacovigilance. As a result of assessment strategies are not entirely void of individual judgments, integrator reliableness is often low. In conclusions, there's still no methodology universally accepted for casualty assessment of ADRs.

Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction, Clinical test, Pharmacovigilance, Treatment.
Kombinasi Salam, Pegagan, Alang-Alang, dan Pala Terhadap Fungsi Kardiovaskuler Pasien Hipertensi Esensial
Authors: Nisa Ulfatun , Dewi Tyas Friska
Published: September 2018

AbstractHypertension is one of cardiovascular risk factors. This study aims to determine the effect of combinationsof bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum), gotu kola (Centella asiatica), cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), andnutmeg (Myristica fragrans) to the cardiovascular function of essential hypertensive patient as alternativetherapy. The study used a pre experimental quasi and post test design. Sixty new patients which camebetween Juni-October 2016 that fulfilled inclusion criteria, 18-60 years old with mild hypertension andstable health conditions, and exclusion criteria, doesn’t have severe comorbid disease, pregnant, orhave allergic reaction toward given combination of bay, gotu kola, cogon grass, and nutmeg (jamu).The subjects drank given jamu formula twice a day for 56 days. Measurement of blood pressure, heartrate, RPP, PP, and MAP done once a week in Rumah Riset Jamu Tawangmangu. The results showed adecrease in systolic pressure from 147.16 ± 6.46 mmHg to 132.25 ± 11, 21 mmHg with p value = 0.001%,diastolic pressure decreased from 92.16 ± 2.49 mmHg to 77.83 ± 8 , 98 mmHg with p value = 0.001%,mean arterial pressure, heart rate, RPP, and PP also decreased. The results showed that combination ofbay leaf, gotu kola, cogon grass, nutmeg can increase cardiovascular function by decreasing in bloodpressure, heart rate, RPP, PP, and MAP.Keywords : hypertension, bay leaf, gotu kola, cogon grass, nutmeg

AbstrakHipertensi merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui efek ramuan kombinasi daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), pegagan (Centella asiatica),akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), dan biji pala (Myristica fragrans) terhadap fungsi kardiovaskulerpasien hipertensi esensial sebagai terapi alternatif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian iniadalah quasi eksperimental pre dan post test design. Pasien baru berjumlah 60 orang yang datang padabulan Juni-Oktober 2016, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi usia 18-60 tahun dengan hipertensi ringan sertakondisi pasien stabil dan kriteria eksklusi tidak mempunyai penyakit komorbid yang berat, hamil atauadanya alergi terhadap salah satu tanaman dalam kombinasi tersebut Subyek diberi ramuan jamu yangdiminum 2 kali setiap hari selama 56 hari. Pengukuran terhadap tekanan darah, heart rate, RPP, PP, danMAP dilakukan setiap minggu di Rumah Riset Jamu Tawangmangu. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkanpenurunan tekanan sistolik dari 147,16 ± 6,46 mmHg menjadi 132,25 ± 11, 21 mmHg dengan nilai p= 0,001%, tekanan diastolik menurun dari 92,16 ± 2,49 mmHg menjadi 77,83 ± 8,98 mmHg dengannilai p = 0,001%, tekanan arteri rata-rata, heart rate, RPP, dan PP juga mengalami penurunan. Hal inimenunjukkan kombinasi daun salam, pegagan, akar alang-alang, dan biji pala dapat meningkatkan fungsikardiovaskular dengan menurunkan tekanan sistolik, diastolik, tekanan arteri rata-rata, nilai PP dan RPP.Kata kunci:hipertensi, salam, pegagan, alang-alang, pala
In vivo enzyme activity and induction of DNA damage in Swiss albino male mice by automobile waste leachate
Authors: Anifowoshe Abass Toba , Ajibola Iyiola Oluyinka , Olafimihan Temitope Fatima , Olayinka Oladipo Segun , Yakubu Sunday Frank , Oyiyoza Abubakar Thuwaibat , Ifedolapo Bakare Rukayat , Akinseye Kehinde Monica , Sulaiman Faoziyat Adenike
Published: September 2018

The rapid growth of motor vehicles use, together with poor waste disposal, produce environmental and biological threats. We evaluated the genotoxicity and enzyme activity of simulated automobile waste leachate in Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus). Four mice per group were intraperitoneally treated with four leachate concentrations (10%, 15%, 20% and 25% v/v: simulant (IOASL)/distilled water), as well as a negative control (0.5mL UILSL); and a positive control (cyclophosphamide 20mg/Kg body weight) for five consecutive days. There was a concentration-dependent increase in sperm abnormality compared to the negative control (except at 10% and 15%; p<0,05). Heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn) exceeded permissible limits for waste water. Significant variability was also recorded in liver serum enzyme activity (AST, ALP, ALT and ALB) and in the frequencies of micronuclei (p<0,05). The interaction of some of these components with the genetic constitution of the cell during spermatogenesis might be responsible for the abnormalities.
Cuantificación por absorción atómica de Cu, Fe y Zn en alcohol destilado y agua
Authors: Pérez López Esteban , Alvarado Rodriguez Diana Carlina
Published: September 2018

Los metales pesados a nivel de trazas han sido objeto de estudio desde hace varias décadas, sin embargo, la presente investigación se enfoca en el cobre, hierro y zinc, los cuales se han cuantificado en vino por la técnica de absorción atómica, obteniendo generalmente resultados dentro de los límites permisibles. Proponemos un método para analizar los metales indicados, en bebidas alcohólicas destiladas así como, en el agua utilizada en el proceso de manufactura de las bebidas. Probamos la digestión ácida mediante la comparación de dos métodos, empleando HNO3-HCl y solamente HNO3, para reducir las interferencias a causa de la materia orgánica en las muestras de alcohol; con base en lo evidenciado y los criterios de aceptación para exactitud y precisión, se justifica la necesidad de digestión únicamente con HNO3 en las muestras de alcohol; y en el caso de las muestras de agua no es necesaria la digestión. De esta forma, se obtuvo como resultado una metodología por absorción atómica con los parámetros de desempeño adecuados para la cuantificación veraz y confiable de los metales en las muestras de estudio.
Nuevo modelo para tutorías de Física y su efecto en el rendimiento estudiantil en una universidad a distancia de Costa Rica
Authors: Herrero Villareal Diana , Calderón Badilla Yency , Andrés Jiménez Carmen
Published: September 2018

La autorregulación del estudiante, la preparación previa de tutores y el trabajo colaborativo son factores clave en la educación a distancia. Probamos un nuevo diseño de tutoría en el curso de Física III para la Enseñanza de la Ciencia de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (UNED). Una encuesta indicó que los profesores deben enfocarse en la motivación del estudiante; ambiente de la clase -que influye en la concentración del estudiante; y el hecho de que la tutoría es una buena herramienta para el diagnóstico y la evaluación formativa. El rendimiento mejoró con el nuevo modelo. Recomendamos estrategias para mejorar la seguridad y el rendimiento del estudiante en pruebas escritas, trabajo colaborativo y atención individual.
Nivel de competencias del personal docente a distancia en la cátedra de Agroindustria en una universidad a distancia
Authors: Andrés Jiménez Carmen , Alfaro Azofeifa Jacqueline
Published: September 2018

En la educación a distancia, los tutores necesitan una serie de habilidades como la accesibilidad y la motivación, socialización virtual, intercambio de información y construcción del conocimiento, así como el desarrollo. Determinamos cuáles de estas habilidades se estaban aplicando en dos asignaturas de una universidad a distancia en Costa Rica. Utilizamos una encuesta validada aplicada a las tutoras de la cátedra de Agroindustria (tres) y una lista de chequeo también validada, aplicada a dos asignaturas de la cátedra. Encontramos resultados satisfactorios en una de las asignaturas evaluadas. Las tutoras tienen la tendencia a planificar sus lecciones, estimular el trabajo colaborativo entre el estudiantado, unificación de criterio y el uso de estrategias pedagógicas. Sin embargo, encontramos que algunas tutoras no identifican la manera en la que los estudiantes aprenden, no generan redes de conocimiento para poder extenderlo fuera de las aulas virtuales. Finalmente, algunas tutoras no tienen un entrenamiento formal en clases virtuales, aunque eso no tuvo un impacto negativo en su rendimiento como instructoras. Recomendamos la implementación de un entrenamiento formal, espacios de trabajo colaborativo y fomentar un conocimiento más profundo de la comunidad estudiantil.
El género Liocanthydrus en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Noteridae) con descripción de dos nuevas especies
Authors: García R. Mauricio M. , Camacho M. Jesús A. , Poleo S. Nedy C.
Published: September 2018

El género Liocanthydrus contiene especies raras, por ser poco abundantes y carecer de registros que indiquen su distribución. El género ha sufrido varios cambios taxonómicos, desde su primer estatus como subgénero hasta su estatus genérico actual. Se describen dos especies de Liocanthydrus (Noteridae: Noterini). Liocanthydrus ramosae sp. nov. y L. distintus sp. nov., ambas colectadas de forma manual, en dos microhábitats de agua dulce, de los ríos Aguaro y Orinoco, en los llanos de Venezuela. Se incluyen habitus de las especies presentes en Venezuela y las estructuras genitales de las dos especies descritas. Se construye una clave para identificar las especies de Liocanthydrus.
Aula en el Bosque, un programa costarricense de educación ambiental en el bosque tropical: efecto sobre estudiantes y opinión de los docentes
Authors: Salazar-Acuña Esteban , López-García Yesenia
Published: September 2018

Aula en el Bosque tiene más de 3 000 estudiantes de preescolar y primaria. Aplicamos exámenes previos y posteriores por nivel a una escuela y a una escuela control. El proceso de evaluación se realizó en tres fases: A. evaluación de la comprensión e implicación del alumno en la resolución de problemas medioambientales. B. desarrollo in situ del programa en tiempo real. C. percepción de los profesores sobre el alcance del programa. Los estudiantes expuestos al programa desarrollaron su propio conocimiento del plan de estudios oficial y fortalecieron especialmente los valores y las actitudes ambientales, según lo confirmado por los profesores.
Composición de la comunidad, estructura poblacional y condición reproductiva de roedores en una granja avícola de Costa Rica
Authors: Monge Javier , Sánchez Carol
Published: September 2018

Los roedores por lo general forman parte de los sistemas de producción pecuaria y dado el impacto negativo que provocan, se requiere determinar la especie o especies presentes, así como el estado de sus poblaciones para diseñar e implementar programas de control. Se estudió la comunidad de roedores en la granja avícola de la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, de la Universidad de Costa Rica, ubicada en La Garita de Alajuela, Costa Rica, durante un período de 25 meses. Se hicieron muestreos quincenales, en dos periodos consecutivos de 24 horas cada uno, utilizándose trampas de golpe grandes en 53 estaciones fijas ubicadas en los alrededores de los galpones y bodegas. Se colectaron tres especies de roedores, siendo la predominante el ratón casero (Mus musculus), seguido de la rata de campo (Sigmodon hirsutus) y la rata gris o de caño (Rattus norvegicus), con 115, 9 y 6 capturas, respectivamente. La estructura poblacional de M. musculus estuvo definida por una proporción de sexos de 1,9:1 (machos y hembras) y un predominio de adultos. El 44% de las hembras capturadas se encontraban preñadas, con tamaños de camadas entre 3 y 7 embriones, y un promedio de 5,17 embriones/camada. La época de mayor actividad reproductiva fue entre los meses de junio y setiembre.
First record of the highfin goby Gobionellus oceanicus (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) in Costa Rican freshwaters
Authors: Álvarez Francisco S. , Herrerea Derick , Angulo Arturo
Published: September 2018

The highfin goby Gobionelus oceanicus is herein reported for the first time in freshwaters of Costa Rica. One specimen was collected in the lower Pacuare River basin, Atlantic slope, Costa Rica. This new record brings the total number of Costa Rican native freshwater fish species to 253.
Tiempo y dosis óptimas de fluoximesterona, para masculinización de crías del pez maya Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Percidae: Cichlidae)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sigueros Irma , Cuenca-Soria Carlos A. , Navarro-Angulo Leonardo I. , Maldonado-Enríquez Emilio J. , Melgar-Valdes Carolina E. , Castillo-Domínguez Alfonso
Published: September 2018

La masculinización en peces cíclidos, es de importancia capital para fines de mejora en la producción piscícola. El objeto de la presente investigación fue obtener la dosis y tiempo óptimos de exposición a la hormona fluoximesterona (FM), durante la masculinización del cíclido Maya Cichlasoma urophthalmus. Así, se probaron, dos tiempos de exposición (45 y 60 días) y cuatro dosis de andrógeno (0, 15, 30 y 60mg/kg de alimento), de manera que se tuvieron cinco tratamientos (15mg 60d, 30mg 45d, 30mg 60d, 60mg 45d y 60mg 60d) y un grupo testigo sin hormona (0mg 60d, CTL), por triplicado. Un kilogramo de alimento iniciador para tilapia Purina (45% de proteína), fue rociado con solución hormonada previamente disuelta en alcohol etílico, a razón de las dosis de prueba antes mencionadas por separado. Se administró alimento hormonado a saciedad, a crías de C. urophthalmus (siete días después de la eclosión) según el tratamiento. Los resultados revelaron que la proporción promedio de machos (69,1±2,7%), obtenida con la dosis 60mg/kg de FM, suministrada vía alimento por 45 días (60mg 45d), fue significativamente mayor, al resto de los tratamientos probados (Tukey, p<0,05, k = 6, N-k = 12). Tales resultados obligan a revisar nuevas técnicas para la administración de hormonas esteroides (bioencapsulación), que por un lado, disminuyan los problemas de reproducción precoz en el cultivo de esta especie nativa, y por otro, constituyan técnicas más amigables con el entorno ambiental, lo cual podría minimizar la carga residual de hormonas esteroides en los cuerpos acuáticos.
The Effect of Diversity and the Mediating Role of Elaboration on Multidisciplinary Greenhouse Gas Assurance Team Effectiveness
Authors: Ekasingh Erboon , Simnett Roger , Green Wendy J.
Published: September 2018

Greenhouse gas (GHG) assurance is increasingly used by companies as a means to increase stakeholder confidence in the quality of externally reported carbon emissions. The multidisciplinary nature of these engagements means that assurance is performed primarily by multidisciplinary teams. Prior research suggests the effectiveness of such teams could be affected by team composition and team processes. We employ a retrospective field study to examine the impact of educational diversity and team member elaboration on multidisciplinary GHG assurance team effectiveness. Results show that team processes such as sufficiency of elaboration on different team member perspectives significantly increases the perceived effectiveness of the teams. While educational diversity is not found to directly improve perceived team effectiveness, it is found to have a positive effect through increasing perceived sufficiency of elaboration. These findings have important implications for standard setters and audit firms undertaking GHG assurance engagements.
Targeting IA-2 and GAD65 as a Cost-Saving Approach for Antibody Testing in Children With New-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Kanner Lauren , Bekx M. Tracy
Published: September 2018

IN BRIEF “Quality Improvement Success Stories” are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians, Inc., and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes an initiative to decrease costs associated with diagnosing type 1 diabetes through the use of selective antibody testing.
Is It Distress, Depression, or Both? Exploring Differences in the Diabetes Distress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire in a Diabetes Specialty Clinic
Authors: Wardian Jana L. , Kanzler Kathryn E. , True Mark W. , Glotfelter Michael A. , Sauerwein Tom J.
Published: September 2018

IN BRIEF Patients (n = 314) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Diabetes Distress Scale as part of standard care. Although most patients (70.4%) had no symptoms of depression or diabetes-related distress, 23.9% scored high on the distress questionnaire in at least one of its four domains. Regular screening for distress related to the demands of living with diabetes is crucial in identifying and preventing poor health outcomes associated with diabetes-related distress.
The Association of Severe Diabetic Retinopathy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Follow-up
Authors: Pongrac Barlovic Drazenka , Harjutsalo Valma , Gordin Daniel , Kallio Milla , Forsblom Carol , King George , Groop Per-Henrik
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE

It is well established that diabetic nephropathy increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but how severe diabetic retinopathy (SDR) impacts this risk has yet to be determined.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The cumulative incidence of various CVD events, including coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and stroke, retrieved from registries, was evaluated in 1,683 individuals with at least a 30-year duration of type 1 diabetes drawn from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). The individuals were divided into four groups according to the presence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and/or SDR (+DKD/+SDR, +DKD/−SDR, −DKD/+SDR, and −DKD/−SDR) at baseline visit. Furthermore, age-specific incidences were compared with 4,016 control subjects without diabetes. SDR was defined as laser photocoagulation and DKD as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

RESULTS

During 12,872 person-years of follow-up, 416 incident CVD events occurred. Even in the absence of DKD, SDR increased the risk of any CVD (hazard ratio 1.46 [95% CI 1.11–1.92]; P < 0.01), after adjustment for diabetes duration, age at diabetes onset, sex, smoking, blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, history of hypoglycemia, and serum lipids. In particular, SDR alone was associated with the risk of PAD (1.90 [1.13–3.17]; P < 0.05) and CHD (1.50 [1.09–2.07; P < 0.05) but not with any stroke. Moreover, DKD increased the CVD risk further (2.85 [2.13–3.81]; P < 0.001). However, the risk was above that of the control subjects without diabetes also in patients without microvascular complications, until the patients reached their seventies.

CONCLUSIONS

SDR alone, even without DKD, increases cardiovascular risk, particularly for PAD, independently of common cardiovascular risk factors in long-standing type 1 diabetes. More remains to be done to fully understand the link between SDR and CVD. This knowledge could help combat the enhanced cardiovascular risk beyond currently available regimens.
Extensão universitária: perfil do discente de Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública
Authors: Góes Thales Roges Vanderlei de , Rocha Michelle Carolina Garcia da , Lima Bárbara Patrícia da Silva , Porto Vanessa Fernandes de Almeida
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: este estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil dos discentes do curso de Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública em relação à Extensão Universitária. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal predominantemente descritivo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A amostra foi composta por todos os discentes regularmente matriculados no curso de Fonoaudiologia, excluindo-se o autor principal deste trabalho, totalizando 110 sujeitos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado confeccionado pelos autores, contendo perguntas a respeito das práticas extensionistas. Foram aplicadas técnicas de estatística descritiva com frequência absoluta e relativa, sendo representadas em tabelas e gráficos com auxílio do software Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation). Resultados: participação em congressos foi a ação extensionista mais praticada por alunos do curso de Fonoaudiologia da universidade pública pesquisada, seguido pelos cursos. Os programas e projetos foram as categorias de extensão com menor participação dos entrevistados. Dentre as dificuldades relatadas para participar das ações de extensão entre os discentes estão a ausência de interesse ou motivação, formas de divulgação, indisponibilidade de horários, normas para a seleção de bolsistas e o custeio das inscrições dos eventos. Conclusão: os resultados mostraram que a interação discente-docente-comunidade está aquém das necessidades da formação do aluno. As considerações apresentadas neste estudo apontam para a retomada da discussão sobre a importância da Extensão Universitária na formação do fonoaudiólogo, como instrumento de conhecimento entre a universidade e a sociedade.
“Onde não há pecado nem perdão”: Evocações da voz na memória e na cultura
Authors: Santhiago Ricardo
Published: September 2018

Introdução: O ponto de partida desta comunicação é a ideia de que a produção vocal não consiste apenas em um fenômeno anatômico e fisiológico, mas também psicológico e social, dimensões para as quais os estudos fonoaudiológicos têm atentado. Objetivo: O texto visa apresentar e discutir três entrelaces possíveis entre essas dimensões: as interpretações sobre a voz construídas e veiculadas no cancioneiro da música popular brasileira; o papel da voz na prática da história oral e na literatura especializada sobre este método de pesquisa; as narrações de uma variedade de sujeitos sobre a presença e o significado da voz em suas vidas. Método: Foram levantadas canções que tratam da temática da voz e coligidos depoimentos em um projeto experimental em nível de graduação, interpretados em conformidade com princípios da hermenêutica em um texto de caráter ensaístico. Conclusão: Tanto o cancioneiro popular brasileiro quanto os depoimentos de sujeitos que utilizam a voz de maneira intensa demonstram enorme variedade e complexidade nas formas de compreender o papel assumido pela voz na vida dos indivíduos.
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI IN THE POLLUTED SOILS OF KOLA PENINSULA
Authors: Korneykova Maria V. , Lebedeva Elena V.
Published: September 2018

The species diversity and the structure of the opportunistic fungi complexes in the forest Albic Podzols under the impact of the Aluminum and Copper-Nickel Plants emissions, as well as in the Hortic Anthrosol contaminated by the oil products (diesel fuel, gas condensate, mazut) in the north-west region of Russia (the Kola Peninsula) have been investigated. The share of the opportunistic fungi increase up to 15% in the zones of the Aluminum and Copper-Nickel Plants emissions comparable to the background soil, and up to 20-25% in the soils contaminated by the oil products has been revealed. The majority of the fungi species belong to the following genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Lecanicillium, Phoma and Cladosporium. The structure of the fungal complexes has changed in the polluted soil, that is, the species abundance and the frequency of the opportunistic fungi occurrence have increased. The strains of the fungi isolated from the contaminated soil reveal the potential pathogenicity in a greater degree, than the strains isolated from the clean soil. 55% of the total amount of fungi strains isolated from the soils contaminated by the Aluminum Plant emissions had the potential pathogenicity. The most dangerous for a human’s health were Amorphotheca resinae, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium commune, P. purpurеogenum, Trichoderma viride isolated from the soils contaminated by the Aluminum Plant emissions; and P. aurantiogriseum, P. glabrum, P. commune, P. simplicissimum, Rhizopus nigricans isolated from the soils contaminated by the oil products. Those species revealed protease, phospholipase activity, as well as the growth ability at the temperature 37°C
A NOVEL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF ESTIMATING URBAN POPULATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Olorunfemi Jacob F. , Fashagba Irewolede
Published: September 2018

The primary source of population data in Nigeria is the census despite its inconsistency. Consequently, efforts made to estimate population from such census figures and sometimes vital registration system has proved inadequate because of diverse problems. This study is aimed at developing a technique of population estimation in Nigeria using symptomatic data. The data for this study were collected through survey method, immunization and school enrolment data were collected from the Expanded Programme on Immunization and Ministry of Education, respectively. The average number of people per house or crowding index (CI) for Kabba was combined with immunization and school enrolment to establish a relationship which was subsequently used in regression analysis to estimate population. The results show that the population of Kabba and Kogi State were 70,870 and 4,230,382, respectively. The study recommended that the model can be used for population estimation in Nigeria and in places that have similar population data generation problems.
Mat nýliða á gagnsemi leiðsagnar í starfi kennara
Authors: Steingrímsdóttir María , Engilbertsson Guðmundur
Published: September 2018

Í greininni er fjallað um íslenskan hluta norrænnar rannsóknar á nýliðum í grunn- og framhaldsskólum – Nordment1 . Rannsóknin var unnin í samstarfi fræðimanna frá háskólunum í Osló, Gautaborg, Árósum, Turku og Akureyri. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna hvernig stuðningur í skólum, skólastjórnun og skipulag innan skóla hefur áhrif á það hvernig nýir kennarar aðlagast kennarastarfinu og hvernig þeir meta eigin færni og þær aðstæður sem skólarnir bjóða þeim. Þýði rannsóknarinnar var kennarar á 1.–3. starfsári eða sem höfðu nýlokið þremur starfsárum. Rannsóknin var megindleg og var sami spurningalisti notaður, þýddur og staðfærður, í öllum þátttökulöndunum. Hér á landi var spurningalistinn sendur til 280 kennara, um þriðjungur starfaði í framhaldsskóla og tveir þriðju í grunnskóla. Niðurstöður eru byggðar á svörum 239 kennara, svarhlutfall var rúm 85%.Meginmarkmið þessarar greinar er að gefa innsýn í þann hluta niðurstaðnanna sem lýtur að leiðsögn nýliða í grunn- og framhaldsskólum á Íslandi. Skoðað er hvernig henni er háttað á fyrsta starfsári og hvort tengsl eru milli formlegrar leiðsagnar, tíðni funda með leiðsagnarkennara og mats nýliða á gagnsemi leiðsagnarinnar.Helstu niðurstöður eru þær að leiðsögn hefur áhrif á starfshætti og líðan nýliða ef hún er veitt af kennara sem hefur svipaðan faglegan grunn og nýliðinn og ef þeir funda reglulega saman á leiðsagnartíma. Um þriðjungur þátttakenda hafði hugleitt að hætta í starfi en aðeins tíundi hluti þeirra hafði þó leitað sér að öðru starfi. Ekki voru tengsl milli hugleiðinga þeirra um brotthvarf og þess stuðnings sem þeir fengu í starfi.
Influence of neck position on commonly performed radiographic measurements of the cervical vertebral region in horses
Authors: Beccati Francesca , Santinelli Isabella , Nannarone Sara , Pepe Marco
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of various neck positions on cervical vertebral radiographic measurements in horses.

ANIMALS 18 client-owned horses examined for lameness but free of cervical disease.

PROCEDURES Laterolateral radiographs of the cervical vertebrae from C1 through T1 were acquired for each horse in 3 neck positions (low, neutral, and high). Minimum sagittal diameter, intravertebral sagittal diameter (intra-VSD) ratio, inter-VSD ratio, length of the articular processes joint ratio, vertebral alignment angle, and vertebral fossa angle were measured at each segment in each neck position. Values for the high and low positions were compared with those for the neutral position.

RESULTS No significant differences from neutral position values were identified for minimum sagittal diameter, intra-VSD ratio, and vertebral fossa angle as measured in low and high neck positions. Compared with results in the neutral position, the high position resulted in a greater vertebral alignment angle at C3–4 and inter-VSD ratio at C4–5 and a lower length of the articular processes joint ratio at C2–3, C3–4, and C4–5; the low position resulted in a lower vertebral alignment angle at C4–5. However, all observed differences were small.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Neck position influenced some radiographic measurements of the cervical vertebrae in horses free of cervical disease. However, because several of these measurements were not or were only minimally affected by neck position, some latitude in neck position may be possible without concern about substantially affecting radiographic measurements in this region.
Dimensional Analysis of the Tractor Tractive Efficiency Parameters
Authors: Moinfar Abdol Majid , Shahgholi Gholamhossein
Published: September 2018

One of the important parameters of the tractor’s performance - tractive efficiency - should be improved during agricultural operation; this paper observes this parameter using the Arvid 354 tractor with a chisel plough. Parameters taken into account included the tillage parameters, such as tillage depth, travel velocity, rake angle, tine width and tractor weight, as well as soil engineering properties, including cohesion and soil bulk density. Experimental results indicated that the tractor tractive efficiency increased with increasing of the tillage depth and rake angle, whereas travel velocity did not show any specific impact on it. Theoretical equations were extracted for drawbar pull, tyre slip and gross traction using dimensional analysis and experimental data. Finally, by combining these equations, the tractive efficiency was estimated. Obtained model was evaluated by means of obtained experimental data. Results showed that the proposed model is capable of predicting tractive efficiency as a function of soil parameters, tractor weight and tillage parameters of the chisel plough.
A New Original Conception in Rock Magnetism, Paleomagnetism and Geomagnetism: An Origin of the Reversed Magnetization of Rocks on Earth
Authors: Orlickỳ Oto
Published: September 2018

So far the field-reversal theory has been accepted to account for the reversed remanent magnetization (RM) of rocks on the Earth. Orlickỳ (2014) revealed a frequent occurrence of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) Fe-Ti oxides in the rocks. Now I have renamed these minerals as the Fe-Ti ferrimagnetic-antiferromagnetic chemical phases (Fe- Ti FriM-AFM ChPs). They may have either cubic spinel, or tetragonal spinel symmetry, respectively. They behave as the Fe-Ti polycrystalline materials. These Fe-Ti FriMAFM ChPs are the two sublattice A and B ChPs, with some specific magnetic behaviour. The titanomagnetite (Ti-Mt, Curie temperature, TC = 230 oC; FriM alignment) and the titanomaghemite (Ti-Mgh, Néel temperature, TN = 450 oC; AFM alignment) containing rocks have been identified as the representants of the the Fe-Ti FriM-AFM cubic spinel ChPs. The interactions with the magnetizing field, with the Weis molecular fields (Weiss-Heisenberg forces) have generated the reversally oriented internal field. The reversally oriented spontaneous magnetization has arosen in the rock. This internal field has been identified as the most important phenomenon leading to the production of the reversally oriented magnetization in the Fe-Ti FriM-AFM ChPs containing rocks. The equations expressing the magnetic behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility (κ) of rocks versus temperature have been derived. The Fe-Ti FriM-AFM cubic spinel can undergone the transition in favour of the Fe-Ti FriM-AFM tetragonal spinel in the rocks, due to a change of the thermodynamic conditions in nature. The reversed RM has supposed been inparted from the Fe-Ti FriM-AFM cubic spinel during this alteration-transition processess. Such tetragonal spinel is more stable and it is able to survive in the rocks in nature. The results of laboratory magnetization of the selected groupings of rocks have been presented below. The basic laboratory methods for the detection of the magnetic behaviour of the Fe-Ti FriM-AFM ChPs containing rocks are described as well. The presented results have shown that we do not need to apply the field reversal theory, because I have revealed the realistic mechanism which is able to generate the reversed RM of rocks under a presence of the normal geomagnetic field.
Modification of Strength Training Programs in Handball Players and its Influence on Power During the Competitive Period
Authors: Spieszny Michal , Zubik Mateusz
Published: September 2018

A high level of muscle power is necessary for the effective use of technique during handball competitions. The presented research concentrated on comparing the effectiveness of two training modes directed towards the development of muscle power – plyometric and traditional strength training. Furthermore, we evaluated whether resistance training performed twice a week was sufficient to guarantee an increase in muscle power of handball players. We also investigated whether strength training designed according to the “waving” model (one training session per week oriented towards the development of maximal strength and one towards the development of power) was sufficient to increase muscle power in handball players. The study included 28 professional handball players who were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 subjected to additional strength training (8 individuals), Group 2 subjected to traditional plyometric training (8 individuals) and Group 3 following standard training (12 individuals). Research was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the 1st round of competitions and consisted of the following measurements: CMJ (countermovement jump) and SJ (squat jump), a 10-s trial on a cycle-ergometer and ball-throwing velocity. Analysis of the results showed that both the plyometric and strength training programs induced a statistically significant increase in jumping height and generated power during the CMJ. The group subjected to additional strength training achieved greater increases in CMJ power than the group carrying out plyometric training, which in case of the CMJ peak power turned out to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Different results were obtained when studying changes in the flight speed of the thrown ball; the group undergoing plyometric training registered minor increases (significant in the standing throw ), and there were decreases in the flight speed of the thrown ball (significant in the leaning back throw) in the group following the traditional strength training program.