bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety of the NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 Vaccine in Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Smith Katherine , Hegazy Karim , Cai Miranda R. , McKnight Irene , Rousculp Matthew D. , Alves Katia
Published: February 2023

Background

NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid™ or the Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine, Adjuvanted), the first protein-based COVID-19 vaccine, received emergency use authorization (EUA) as a primary series/booster and is available globally. NVX-CoV2373 primary series demonstrated efficacy rates of 89·7–90·4 % and an acceptable safety profile. This article summarizes safety in adult recipients (aged ≥18 years) of primary series NVX-CoV2373 in four randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Methods

All participants who received NVX-CoV2373 primary series or placebo (pre-crossover) were included according to actual received treatment. The safety period was from Day 0 (first vaccination) to unblinding/receipt of EUA-approved/crossover vaccine, end of each study (EOS), or last visit date/cutoff date minus 14 days. The analysis reviewed local and systemic solicited adverse events (AEs) within 7 days after NVX-CoV2373 or placebo; unsolicited AEs from after Dose 1 to 28 days after Dose 2; serious AEs (SAEs), deaths, AEs of special interest, and vaccine-related medically attended AEs from Day 0 through end of follow-up (incidence rate per 100 person-years).

Findings

Pooled data from 49,950 participants (NVX-CoV2373, n=30,058; placebo, n=19,892) were included. Solicited reactions after any dose were more frequent in NVX-CoV2373 recipients (local, 76%/systemic, 70%) than placebo recipients (29%/47%), and were mostly of mild-to-moderate severity. Grade 3+ reactions were infrequent, with greater frequency in NVX-CoV2373 recipients (6·28%/11·36%) than placebo recipients (0·48%/3·58%). SAEs and deaths occurred with similarly low frequency in NVX-CoV2373 (0·91% and 0·07%, respectively) and placebo recipients (1·0% and 0·06%).

Interpretation

To date, NVX-CoV2373 has displayed an acceptable safety profile in healthy adults.

Funding

Supported by Novavax, Inc.
Sensory profiling in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case-control study revealing pain characteristics, somatosensory changes, and impaired pain modulation
Authors: Colman Marlies , Syx Delfien , de Wandele Inge , Rombaut Lies , Wille Deborah , Malfait Zoë , Meeus Mira , Malfait Anne-Marie , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Malfait Fransiska
Published: February 2023

Pain is one of the most important, yet poorly understood complaints in heritable connective tissue disorders (HCTD) caused by monogenic defects in extracellular matrix molecules. This is particularly the case for Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS), paradigm collagen-related disorders. This study aimed to identify the pain signature and somatosensory characteristics in the rare classical type of EDS (cEDS) caused by defects in type V or rarely type I collagen. We used static and dynamic quantitative sensory testing and validated questionnaires in 19 individuals with cEDS and 19 matched controls.

Individuals with cEDS reported clinically relevant pain/discomfort (VAS ≥5/10 in 32% for average pain intensity the past month) and worse health -related quality of life. Altered sensory profile was found in the cEDS group with higher (p=0.04) detection thresholds for vibration stimuli at the lower limb indicating hypoesthesia, reduced thermal sensitivity with more (p<0.001) paradoxical thermal sensations, and hyperalgesia with lower pain thresholds to mechanical (p<0.001) stimuli at both the upper and lower limbs and to cold (p=0.005) stimulation at the lower limb. Using a parallel conditioned pain paradigm, the cEDS group showed significantly smaller antinociceptive responses (p-value between 0.005 and 0.046) suggestive of impaired endogenous central pain modulation.

In conclusion, Individuals with cEDS report chronic pain and worse health-related quality of life, and present altered somatosensory perception. This study is the first to systematically investigate pain and somatosensory characteristics in a genetically defined HCTD and provides interesting insights on the possible role of the ECM in the development and persistence of pain.
A High-Throughput Microfluidic Quantitative PCR Platform for the Simultaneous Quantification of Pathogens, Fecal Indicator Bacteria, and Microbial Source Tracking Markers
Authors: Hill Elizabeth R. , Chun Chan Lan , Hamilton Kerry , Ishii Satoshi
Published: February 2023

Contamination of water with bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens can cause human diseases. Both humans and non-humans can release these pathogens through their feces. To identify the sources of fecal contamination in the water environment, microbial source tracking (MST) approaches have been developed; however, the relationship between MST markers and pathogens is still not well understood most likely due to the lack of comprehensive datasets of pathogens and MST marker concentrations. In this study, we developed a novel microfluidic quantitative PCR (MFQPCR) platform for the simultaneous quantification of MST markers, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens in many samples. A total of 80 previously validated TaqMan probe assays were applied on the MFQPCR chips, including those for two FIB, 22 bacterial pathogens, 11 viral pathogens, five protozoan pathogens, 37 MST markers for various host species, and three process controls. Specific and sensitive detection was verified for most assays on the MFQPCR platform. The MFQPCR chip was applied to analyze pathogen removal rates during the wastewater treatment processes. In addition, multiple host-specific MST markers, FIB, and pathogens were successfully quantified in human and avian-impacted surface waters. While the genes for pathogens were relatively infrequently detected, positive correlations were observed between some potential pathogens such asClostridium perfringensandMycobacteriumspp., and human MST markers. The MFQPCR chips developed in this study, therefore, can provide useful information to monitor and improve water quality.
Short Tandem Repeat Profiling via Next Generation Sequencing for Cell Line Authentication
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsien , Connelly Jon P. , Florian Colin , Cui Xiaoxia , Pruett-Miller Shondra M.
Published: February 2023

Cell lines are indispensable models for modern biomedical research. In the era of CRISPR gene editing, they serve as versatile tools for preclinical studies, allowing patient specific mutations to be modeled or corrected and the resulting phenotypic outcomes studied. A large part of their usefulness derives from the ability of a cell line to proliferate over multiple passages (often indefinitely) allowing multiple experiments to be performed. However, over time, the cell line identity and purity can be compromised by human errors. Both cross contamination from other cell lines and even complete misidentification are possible. Routine cell line authentication is a necessary preventive measure and has become a requirement for many funding applications and publications. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is the most common method for cell line authentication and is usually carried out using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis (STR-CE). Here we evaluated next generation sequencing (NGS)-based STR profiling of human and mouse cell lines at 18 and 15 loci, respectively, in a high-throughput format. Using the program STRight written in Python, we demonstrate that NGS-based analysis (STR-NGS) is superior to standard STR-CE in terms of the ability to report the sequence context of repeat motifs, sensitivity, and flexible multiplexing capability. STR-NGS is a valuable alternative for cell line authentication.
Prioritisation of bridge for improving its resilience using multi-criteria decision-making techniques
Authors: Lad V.H. , Patel D.A. , Chauhan K.A. , Patel K.A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The work on bridge resilience assessment includes quantitative and qualitative approaches to compare the multiple bridges based on their resilience. But still, the bridge resilience obtained by these assessment approaches is inefficient when prioritising multiple bridges to improve their resilience. Therefore, this study aims to develop a methodology for prioritising the bridges to improve their resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology follows three sequential phases. In the first phase, criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) technique is used to compute the criteria weights. The criteria considered are age, area, design high flood level, finish road level FRL and resilience index of bridges. While 12 river-crossing bridges maintained by one bridge owner are considered as alternatives. Then, in the second phase, the prioritisation of each bridge is evaluated using five techniques, including technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, VIKOR (in Serbian, Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), additive ratio assessment, complex proportional assessment and multi-objective optimisation method by ratio analysis. Finally, in the third phase, the results of all five techniques are integrated using CRITIC and the weighted sum method.

Findings

The result of the study enables bridge owners to deal with the particular bridge that requires resilience improvement. The study concluded that it is not enough to consider only the bridge resilience index to improve its resilience. The prioritisation exercise should consider various other criteria that are not preferred during the bridge resilience assessment process.

Originality/value

The proposed methodology is a novel framework based on the existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques for contributing knowledge in the domain of bridge resilience management. It can efficiently overcome the pitfall of decision-making when two bridges have the same resilience index score.
The impact of proactive personality and psychological capital on innovative work behavior: evidence from software houses of Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Hameed Raja Mazhar , Mahmood Abid
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the contemporary research study is to develop and empirically investigate antecedents of innovative work behavior (IWB) in organizations by applying the broaden-and-build theory, associating both personal and contextual factors in encouraging employees' IWB.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model has been developed, examining the influence of proactive personality and psychological capital (PsyCap) on innovative performance. Data were collected through an in-person administered questionnaire-based survey from the employees working in the software houses of Pakistan.

Findings

The analysis revealed that proactive personality and PsyCap have a significant impact on employee innovative performance, given that proactive personality and PsyCap are the critical antecedents of IWB.

Originality/value

This contemporary research study is original and will impart constructive contribution for a substantial number of reasons. First, this research study provides suggestions on proactive personality, which relate remarkably to innovative work behavior. Second, this research study observes the relationship between several organizational aspects and employees' creativity for the evaluation and advancement in the results of prior classic research studies conducted in the given field. This research study integrates both personal and organizational dynamics to evaluate the innovative and creative ability not only in the perspective of multinational, but also in the national corporations.
Study on the impact of services offered on student satisfaction and the satisfaction led word of mouth by students pursuing management education
Authors: Kanduri Suseela , Radha B.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper purports to study and assess the impact of student satisfaction on various services offered by an educational institution offering management education and also the word of mouth communication (WoMC) done by such student in referring the institutions to others. The study aimed at various factors like core services, facilitating services and support services offered by institutions and measured the responses of the levels of satisfaction on a five-point Likert scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample size of the study consists of 873 students pursuing management education such as BBA, BBM and MBA, belonging to government colleges, private colleges affiliated to state university, private universities and deemed universities in the state of Telangana, India.

Findings

The attributes used in this work showed positive and noteworthy impact on the students' satisfaction level though with varying degree of strength as evident from the regression analysis. However, core services (teaching quality of the faculty, their expertise and experience, course electives offered, library facilities, academic counselling services, etc.) was the most influencing factor and has highest impact on satisfaction of students amongst all the variables. Also, the study reiterates that gender of the student does not have any significant impact on the students' satisfaction on the services offered by the institutions nor on the recommendations made by them to others for admissions.

Originality/value

This study is unique in evaluating the determinants of students' satisfaction in a management institution/school as well as their influence of the recommendations made by them to the prospective students through word of mouth (WOM).
Keeping goods moving in the wake of a disaster: a qualitative study of intermodal transport
Authors: L'Hermitte Cecile , Wotherspoon Liam , Mowll Richard
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper examines what facilitates the swift reconfiguration of freight movements across transport modes in the wake of a major disaster.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research approach focussing on the New Zealand (NZ) domestic freight transport operations in the wake of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake is used with data collected through 19 interviews with 27 informants. The interviews are thematically analysed by using the framework method.

Findings

The paper provides rich and detailed descriptions of the ability of a freight transport system to recover from a disaster through rapid modal shifts. This paper identifies nine factors enabling modular transport operations and highlights the critical role of physical, digital, operational and inter-organisational interconnectivity in the aftermath of a disaster.

Originality/value

Although the management of freight disruptions has become a prevalent topic not only in industry and policy-making circles, but also in the academic literature, qualitative research focussing on the ability of commercial freight systems to adapt and recover from a disaster through rapid modal shifts is limited. This qualitative study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the continuity of freight operations in the wake of a disaster and provides a comprehensive understanding of modular transport operations and the ability of freight systems to keep goods moving.
Caught in a time warp: evidence from time use of Indian women
Authors: Sheikh Rayees Ahmad , Gaurav Sarthak , Mishra Trupti
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The study aims to examine the patterns of time allocated to paid employment activities by women in India as well as change in time allocating pattern of women over the period 1998 to 2019. In doing so, it attempts to highlight gender-asymmetry of time use and heterogeneity in time use of women residing in urban and rural areas as well as variations in time use by marital status, motherhood and age.

Design/methodology/approach

Using unit-level data from two available Time Use Surveys (TUS) namely the Pilot Survey TUS 1998 and first nationally representative TUS 2019, the authors use Tobit model to estimate determinants of women’s time in employment. To explain the change in time spent on paid work by women over the two decades, the authors use counterfactual quantile regression decomposition.

Findings

The gender asymmetry in time allocation is stark, with women spending one fifth time compared to men paid employment activities. Over the two decades of interest, women’s time spent on employment activities in a day has reduced by half from around 4 h to 2 h, largely driven by rural women’s time. Regression results suggest the emergence of a “U-shaped” relationship between time spent on paid work and education of women. The counterfactual decomposition results suggest that women are spending lesser time on employment activities in 2019 than in 1998 across the time distribution.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to a novel understanding of time use by women in a developing country by analysing the changes in time use over two decades as well as distributional sensitivity to observed characteristics. The study informs about the intensive margins of female employment by incorporating dynamics of socio-economic development.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2022-0164.
Buzzword or fuzzword: an event study of the metaverse in the Chinese stock market
Authors: Xu Yingbo , Liu Wei , He Tong , Tsai Sang-Bing
Published: February 2023

Purpose

“Metaverse” has become a buzzword in the Chinese stock market. However, it remains unclear whether a firm's metaverse-related announcements will elicit positive stock market reactions. Whether and how stakeholder reactions are influenced by a firm's metaverse-related readiness also needs to be further explored. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned objective.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors derived a set of factors based on readiness theory and business ecosystem literature and extend them into the context of the metaverse. The authors used a sample of 642 Chinese listed firms in 2021 to investigate the hypotheses through the event study.

Findings

The study’s findings show that metaverse coverage induces a positive stock market reaction, but it is subject to three moderating effects. The authors introduce the novel concepts of IT readiness, ecosystem readiness and digital infrastructure readiness as the moderators. Stakeholders perceive metaverse announcements as overhyped, and stock prices do not fluctuate significantly after a metaverse announcement when the listed firms are not ready to embrace the metaverse.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first that introduces the event study method into the metaverse research, and it reveals that different levels of readiness influence stakeholders' evaluations and reactions to corporate metaverse coverage. This provides empirical evidence on metaverse development in China from the stock market's perspective.
Top and middle management characteristics and internationalization speed
Authors: Hsu Wen-Tsung , Chen Hsiang-Lan
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to bridge the gap between firms' internationalization speed research and the emerging study of the interface of a top management team (TMT) and a middle management team (MMT). Accordingly, this study examines the effect of TMT output function and the moderating effect of similarity between TMT and MMT in functional background and international experience on internationalization speed.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-way fixed-effects approach is used to analyze a dataset of 1,040 observations.

Findings

The results suggest that an output-oriented TMT tends to promote rapid internationalization and that MMT members who are similar with TMT members in functional backgrounds and international experience may be more inclined to support and facilitate internationalization speed advocated by TMT.

Originality/value

This study highlights the importance of demographic similarity between TMT and MMT in speeding up a firm's international expansion, thus advancing the notion that demographic similarity may align the perspectives and perceptions among multi-echelons, leading to consensus on strategy development.
The real unmet need: A multifactorial approach for identifying sensitized kidney candidates with low access to transplant
Authors: Maldonado Angela Q. , Bradbrook Keighly , Sjöholm Kristoffer , Kjellman Christian , Lee Joshua , Stewart Darren
Published: February 2023

Background

At the start of 2020, the kidney waiting list consisted of 2526 candidates with a calculated panel reactive antibody (CPRA) of 99.9% or greater, a cohort demonstrated in published research to have meaningfully lower than average access to transplantation even under the revised kidney allocation system (KAS).

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of US kidney registrations using data from the OPTN [Reference (https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/about‐data/)]. The period‐prevalent study cohort consisted of US kidney‐alone registrations who waited at least 1 day between April 1, 2016, when HLA DQ‐Alpha and DP‐Beta unacceptable antigen data became available in OPTN data collection, to December 31, 2019. Poisson rate regression was used to model deceased donor kidney transplant rates per active year waiting and using an offset term to account for differential at‐risk periods. Median time to transplant was estimated for each IRR group using the Kaplan–Meier method. Sensitivity analyses were included to address geographic variation in supply‐to‐demand ratios and differences in dialysis time or waiting time.

Results

In this study, we found 1597 additional sensitized (CPRA 50–<99.9%) candidates with meaningfully lower than average access to transplant when simultaneously taking into account CPRA and other factors. In combination with CPRA, candidate blood type, Estimated Post‐Transplant Survival Score (EPTS), and presence of other antibody specificities beyond those in the current, 5‐locus CPRA were found to influence the likelihood of transplant.

Conclusion

In total, this suggests approximately 4100 sensitized candidates are on the waiting list who represent a community of disadvantaged patients who may benefit from progressive therapies and interventions to facilitate incompatible transplantation. Though associated with higher risks, such interventions may nevertheless be more attractive than remaining on dialysis with the associated accumulation of mortality risk over time.
Heart failure treatment in patients with and without obesity with an ejection fraction below 50%
Authors: Aga Yaar S. , Radhoe Sumant P. , Aydin Dilan , Linssen G. C. M. , Rademaker Philip C. , Geerlings Peter R. , van Gent Marco W. F. , Aksoy Ismail , Oosterom Liane , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , van Dalen Bas M. , Brugts Jasper J.
Published: February 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to assess heart failure (HF) treatment in patients with and without obesity in a large contemporary real‐world Western European cohort.

Methods

Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% and available information on body mass index (BMI) were selected from the CHECK‐HF registry. The CHECK‐HF registry included chronic HF patients in the period between 2013 and 2016 in 34 Dutch outpatient clinics. Patients were divided into BMI categories. Differences in HF medical treatment were analysed, and multivariable logistic regression analysis (dichotomized as BMI <30 kg/m2 and ≥30 kg/m2) was performed.

Results

Seven thousand six hundred seventy‐one patients were included, 1284 (16.7%) had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and 618 (8.1%) had a BMI ≥35 kg/m2. Median BMI was 26.4 kg/m2. Patients with obesity were younger and had a higher rate of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS). Prescription rates of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) increased significantly with BMI. The differences were most pronounced for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and diuretics. Patients with obesity more often received the guideline‐recommended target dose. In multivariable logistic regression, obesity was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of receiving ≥100% of the guideline‐recommended target dose of beta‐blockers (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10–1.62), renin–angiotensin system (RAS)‐inhibitors (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15–1.57) and MRAs (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.87).

Conclusions

Guideline‐recommended HF drugs are more frequently prescribed and at a higher dose in patients with obesity as compared to HF patients without obesity.
Distinct skin microbiome modulation following different topical acne treatments in mild acne vulgaris patients: A randomized, investigator‐blinded exploratory study
Authors: Wongtada Chanidapa , Prombutara Pinidphon , Asawanonda Pravit , Noppakun Nopadon , Kumtornrut Chanat , Chatsuwan Tanittha
Published: February 2023

The effects of topical non‐antibiotic acne treatment on skin microbiota have rarely been demonstrated. In the study, we randomized 45 mild acne vulgaris participants into three treatment groups, including a cream‐gel dermocosmetic containing Aqua Posae Filiformis, lipohydroxy acid, salicylic acid, linoleic acid, niacinamide and piroctone olamine (DC), retinoic acid 0.025% cream (VAA) and benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel (BP). At months 0, 1 and 3, skin specimens were swabbed from the cheek and forehead and sequenced by targeting V3‐V4 regions of the 16 S rRNA gene. QIIME2 was used to characterize bacterial communities. Acne severity, sebum level and tolerability were assessed concomitantly in each visit. We found that both VAA and BP could significantly reduce the bacterial diversity at month 1 (p‐value = 0.010 and 0.004 respectively), while no significant reduction was observed in DC group. The microbiota compositions also significantly altered for beta diversity in all treatments (all p‐value = 0.001). An increased Cutibacterium with decreased Staphylococcus relative abundance was observed at months 1 and 3 in DC group, while an opposite trend was demonstrated in VAA and BP groups. These findings suggest a potential impact of DC, VAA and BP on the diversity and composition profiles of the skin microbiota in mild acne participants.
Time to complain about pain: Children's self‐reported procedural pain in a randomised control trial of Hall and conventional stainless steel crown techniques
Authors: Boyd Dorothy H. , Foster Page Lyndie A. , Moffat Susan M. , Thomson W. Murray
Published: February 2023

Background

Children's pain in dentistry has undesirable short‐ and long‐term consequences; therefore, less invasive treatments merit consideration.

Aim

To investigate procedural pain scores for two treatments for carious primary molars in New Zealand primary care.

Design

This study was a split‐mouth randomised control trial, with secondary outcome analysis. Children (4–8 years) with proximal carious lesions on matched primary molars had one tooth treated with the Hall technique (HT) and one treated with a conventional stainless steel crown (CT); treatment type and order of treatment were randomly allocated (allocation concealment). The Wong–Baker self‐report pain scale measured pretreatment dental pain, procedural pain at each treatment and post‐operative pain.

Results

Data were analysed for 103 children: 49 children had the HT first and 54 children had the CT first. Procedural pain scores did not differ by treatment type, with 71.8% and 76.7% of children reporting low pain for the HT and the CT, respectively. Fewer children reported low procedural pain for the second treatment than the first (p = .047). Most children reported low procedural pain for both treatments (58.3%), although 41.7% experienced moderate–high procedural pain with at least one treatment.

Conclusions

The HT caused pain for as many children as the CT. There is an opportunity for better dental pain management in this setting.
Global prevalence of needle stick injuries among nurses: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdelmalik Mohammed A. , Alhowaymel Fahad M. , Fadlalmola Hammad , Mohammaed Mohammaed O. , Abbakr Ibrahim , Alenezi Atallah , Mohammed Almoez M. , Abaoud Abdulaziz F.
Published: February 2023

Background

Nurses usually provide direct patient care. However, they account for the majority of healthcare workers (HCWs) injured by needles or other sharp objects.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of needle stick injuries (NSI) among nurses worldwide; according to WHO regions, the socioeconomic development index (SDI) of countries, and the developmental status of individual countries, and in the Middle East.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We calculated the pooled NSI prevalence estimates using a random‐effect meta‐analysis with the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software. The report of the study was in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Results

The overall worldwide NSI prevalence pooled from our analysis was 40.97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.29–50.63%, p = .00001). A subgroup analysis of NSI prevalence according to WHO regions revealed the highest prevalence in Southeast Asia (49.9%, 95% CI: [23.4–76.3%]) and the lowest in the United States of America (25.1%, 95% CI: [18.1–32.1%]), respectively. The pooled prevalence in developed and developing countries was 30.5% (95% CI: 27.3–33.8%) and 46.6% (95% CI: 33.7–59.5%), respectively. According to the SDI, NSI prevalence was highest in low‐middle SDI countries (48.9% [95% CI: 30.7–67.2%]).

Conclusion

Our results showed a high NSI prevalence among nurses worldwide. Developing countries had a significantly higher NSI prevalence than developed countries, especially low‐middle SDI countries.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study highlighted the prevalence of NSI risk among nurses practising in clinical settings worldwide. The study findings suggest that continuous training programs should be implemented for nurses to enhance their knowledge, performance and attitude toward NSI prevention in clinical settings.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Contributions from patients or the public are irrelevant because the purpose of this study was to examine the global prevalence of NSIs in nurses.
Zero Matching Records Found: Enforced Disappearance in the Carceral Web Landscape
Authors: Loera Lilia
Published: February 2023

In 2011, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officially launched its online locator system, an internet‐based public tool designed to assist attorneys, family members, and interested entities in locating detained individuals in ICE custody. In November 2019, Freedom For Immigrants (FFI), an immigrant rights organization, conducted surveys of individuals and organizations attempting to locate detainees and found 698 instances of migrants disappearing from the online locator system, with the search stating “zero matching records.” With this in mind, this essay explores technologies of invisibility of the carceral web through ethnographic observation and testimonies collected in immigration detention. I use the term “carceral web” by Susila Gurusami to refer to the spatial intersection between carceral institutions and digital technologies that unveil the entanglements and workings of the carceral edgelands. I argue that the ICE locator system, a public tool for migrant identification and placement, not only showcases state‐enforced disappearance but reveals a process of invisibilization and structural violence temporally and spatially at work.
Achieving net‐zero emissions targets: An analysis of long‐term scenarios using an integrated assessment model
Authors: Dafnomilis Ioannis , den Elzen Michel , van Vuuren Detlef P.
Published: February 2023

More than 100 countries have communicated or adopted new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and net‐zero target pledges. We investigate the impact on global, national, sectoral, and individual greenhouse gas emissions projections under different scenarios based on the announced NDCs and net‐zero pledges using the IMAGE integrated assessment model. Our results show that while the net‐zero pledges, if implemented, could be an important step forward, they are still not enough to achieve the Paris Agreement goals of well below 2°C and preferably 1.5°C by the end of the century. Still, our net‐zero scenarios project significant all‐sector decarbonization, in particular, electricity; however, certain sectors like industry and transport prove hard to completely abate.
Norm rigidity for arithmetic and profinite groups
Authors: Polterovich Leonid , Shalom Yehuda , Shem‐Tov Zvi
Published: February 2023

Let be a commutative ring, and assume that every non‐trivial ideal of has finite index. We show that if has bounded elementary generation then every conjugation‐invariant norm on it is either discrete or precompact. If is any group satisfying this dichotomy, we say that has the dichotomy property. We relate the dichotomy property, as well as some natural variants of it, to other rigidity results in the theory of arithmetic and profinite groups such as the celebrated normal subgroup theorem of Margulis and the seminal work of Nikolov and Segal. As a consequence we derive constraints to the possible approximations of certain non‐residually finite central extensions of arithmetic groups, which we hope might have further applications in the study of sofic groups. In the last section we provide several open problems for further research.
Butterflies of Silent Valley National Park and its environs, Western Ghats of Kerala, India
Authors: Kalesh Sadasivan  , P.C. Sujitha  , Toms Augustine  , Edayillam Kunhikrishnan  , Vinayan P. Nair  , M. Divin Murukesh  , Baiju Kochunarayanan
Published: February 2023

The butterfly fauna of Silent Valley National Park (SVNP) and its buffer zone in Kerala is discussed. Of the 335 species listed from the Western Ghats (WG) and 326 from Kerala, 269 species were recorded from inside the boundaries of the core of SVNP, while an additional 21 species were confirmed from its buffer zone making a total of 290 species as an aggregate for SVNP and its environs. This included 19 species of Papilionidae, 26 Pieridae, 85 Nymphalidae, one Riodinidae, 82 Lycaenidae, and 77 Hesperiidae. Thirty-one species were strictly endemic to the Western Ghats and 63 species were listed in schedules of WPA 1972, and 19 species were in the IUCN Red Lists. The region harbours 89% of all butterflies of Kerala (326 species), and 87% of those seen in the Western Ghats (335 species). About 11% of butterfly fauna of SVNP is endemic to the Western Ghats. Silent Valley and adjoining regions have 86% of all IUCN Red listed species listed for Kerala and the WG. The region also holds 91% of the species listed under WPA known from Kerala and 90% of those listed from WG. Thus, SVNP and its environs are one of the richest regions with respect to butterflies.
Multidimensional time-lapse of a relict species Canarium strictum Roxb. from a sacred landscape in Pune District, India
Authors: Mahabaleshwarkar Mukul , Ghayal Nivedita , Mahabaleshwarkar Supriya , Ghate Vinaya
Published: February 2023

The traditional practice of conservation on religious basis along with commercial linkages at a local level is an interesting system from the point of view of its ecological, economical as well as institutional sustainability. Dhoop-rahat, in the Western Ghats region of Bhor Taluka in Pune District, is possibly the only sacred grove dedicated to a religiously important species Canarium strictum Roxb. Dhoop (black dammar resin) is traditionally extracted from C. strictum. The present study attempts to assess Dhoop-rahat and its surrounding historic sacred landscape with focus on the rare C. strictum individuals in the backdrop of changes in the ecological, geographical, socio-cultural, and economical dimensions associated with it, over time.  Field and market surveys were conducted and RS-GIS techniques were used in the study. Community conserved Dhoop-rahat sacred grove has two individuals of C. strictum along with seven endemic and one IUCN Red Listed species. Successful regeneration of C. strictum is not observed. Once commercially harvested from this location, this species is now used only for ritualistic purposes. The two individuals of C. strictum have endured the drastic changes in the surrounding vegetation. In the business-as-usual scenario, there is a high risk of losing the last two individuals of C. strictum in the region and eventually the grove itself. Newer approaches of conservation by combining community-based traditional ecological knowledge with modern day scientific methods should be applied for protection of this sacred landscape. Long-term periodic monitoring of sacred groves and their surrounding landscape is essential for ensuring their sustainable existence.
Report of a tussock moth genus Maeoproctis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae: Nygmiini) from India
Authors: Bali Gagan Preet Kour , Amritpal Singh Kaleka
Published: February 2023

A new genus of Lymantriinae, Maeoproctis gen. nov. has been proposed with Euproctis latifascia (Walker) as its type species. The morphological descriptions and diagnosis have also been provided for the new genus. Another species subfasciata Walker has been shifted under the new genus as a new combination Maeoproctis subfasciata (Walker) comb. nov.
Rediscovery of the presumably extinct fairy lantern Thismia kobensis (Thismiaceae) in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, with discussions on its taxonomy, evolutionary history, and conservation
Authors: SUETSUGU KENJI , YAMANA KOHEI , OKADA HIDEHITO
Published: February 2023

Thismia (commonly known as fairy lanterns) is a genus of strange-looking, elusive, and non-photosynthetic plants. Thismia kobensis was first discovered in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan in 1992, but it was believed to be extinct, given that its type locality was destroyed during the construction of an industrial complex. Here, we have reported the rediscovery of T. kobensis in Sanda City, Hyogo Prefecture, which is located approximately 30 km from the type locality. The new locality of T. kobensis is the northernmost distributional limit of Asian Thismiaceae species. As the original description of the species was based on a single museum specimen that lacked two of the three inner perianth lobes, we have provided an amended description of T. kobensis, highlighting its differences from the morphologically similar species T. huangii. Specifically, our morphological re-examination has revealed that T. kobensis is distinguishable from T. huangii by its short but expanded annulus and many short hairs on each stigma lobe. We have also demonstrated that the genetic distance between these taxa is comparable to that between other closely related species pairs. Finally, we have provided brief notes on the taxonomy, biogeography, evolutionary history, and conservation of T. kobensis and its closely related species, including an enigmatic species T. americana.
Coprinopsis (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in the Neotropics: three new species and a new combination
Authors: SCHÜNEMANN BÁRBARA LETÍCIA BOTURA , WESTPHALEN MAURO , DÍAZ-VALDERRAMA JORGE RONNY , AGUILAR VILMA , DA SILVEIRA ROSA MARA BORGES
Published: February 2023

In order to contribute to the knowledge of Coprinopsis in Southern Brazil, specimens were collected in the Atlantic Forest and Pampa Biomes. Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) of the nucITS, nucLSU, TEF1 and β-tubulin were performed to describe new species and their evolutionary relations. Five Coprinopsis species were found. The molecular and morphological data supported the description of three new species and a new combination in the genus. Detailed descriptions, illustrations of their macro- and microscopic characteristics and a key to identify Coprinopsis species in Brazil are provided.
Hymenagaricus siamensis (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), a novel macrofungus from northern Thailand
Authors: KUMLA JATURONG , SUWANNARACH NAKARIN , KHUNA SURAPONG , PHONROB WIPHAWANEE , LUMYONG SAISAMORN
Published: February 2023

A new macro-fungal species, described herein as Hymenagaricus siamensis, was collected from northern Thailand during the period from 2020 to 2022. This species is characterized by its small-sized basidiomata, a squamulose pileipellis consisting of pseudoparenchymatous tissue, yellowish-brown basidiospores and an absence of pleurocystidia and clamp connections. However, it is clearly distinguishable from H. nigroviolaceus by the presence of larger basidiospores and smaller pseudoparenchymatous cells in the squamulose pileus. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) also revealed that the position of H. siamensis is well-supported within the genus Hymenagaricus, but distinct from other sequenced species. A full description, color photographs, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of H. siamensis are provided. Comparisons between morphologically similar and related species have also been made and are discussed.
Ground and tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelidae) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: a provisional faunistic checklist based on literature data
Authors: MERENE YESHITLA , LORENZ WOLFGANG , OPGENOORTH LARS , WOLDEHAWARIAT YITBAREK , SCHMIDT JOACHIM
Published: February 2023

A provisional checklist and a synopsis of published records and localities (occurrence data) in Ethiopia for ground and tiger beetles are presented. The checklist comprises 878 species, of which 313 (ca. 36%) are endemic or potentially endemic (i.e., so far not recorded from elsewhere) to Ethiopia. In addition, 36 Ethiopian endemic subspecies are listed. The known distribution of each species and subspecies is shown in grid cell-based distributional maps. An annotated gazetteer of included collection localities is provided with the respective synonymic names and variant spellings used in the literature.
A revision of the subfamily Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Iran with description of a new species
Authors: ALIPANAH HELEN , SLAMKA FRANTIŠEK
Published: February 2023

Spilomelinae specimens collected by the first author during the past 15 years, as well as those housed in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM), were studied. Udea rajabii sp. n. is newly described. Arnia nervosalis nervosalis Guenée, 1849 is considered as a senior synonym of A. nervosalis hyrcanalis Amsel, 1961 syn. n., and Mecyna subsequalis subsequalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) is regarded as a senior synonym of M. subsequalis lutulentalis (Lederer, 1858) syn. n. The genus Maruca Walker, 1859 and seven species, namely Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787), Dolicharthria stigmosalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848), Duponchelia caidalis Oberthür, 1888, Mecyna lutealis (Duponchel, 1833), Metasia gigantalis Staudinger, 1871, M. rosealis Ragonot, 1895, and Udea accolalis (Zeller, 1867) are newly reported from Iran. The hitherto unknown female of Palpita persicalis (Amsel, 1951) is described and illustrated for the first time. Moreover, diagnostic characters in most of the species compared with the similar regional species, as well as intraspecific variations of each species are presented and discussed, if present. Additional data on distribution of the Spilomelinae species of Iran are also provided.
Multisectoral Nutrition Interventions and Their Impact on Pregnancy Weight Gain and Low Birth Weight: An Open Experiment in Two Remote Blocks of Karnataka, India
Authors: Rao Veena S. , Rajneesh Shalini , Degaonkar Chaya , Reddy Hanimi , Bharadwaj SVSRK
Published: February 2023

The Karnataka Multisectoral Nutrition Pilot Project, (KMNPP), 2015–2018, was implemented in Devadurga Block, Raichur District and Chincholli Block, Gulbarga District, two most backward Blocks in Karnataka. Special interventions for behaviour change and appropriate dietary supplementation for pregnant women were implemented through an inter-sectoral, intergenerational strategy. This article analyses real-time data that emerged from the project regarding pregnancy weight gain, the weight of newborns at birth and incidence of low birth weight (LBW), and the inter-relationship between these three indicators. Data indicates that KMNPP interventions resulted in a significant increase in mean pregnancy weight gain from 2.452 kg at baseline to 4.058 kg at end-line. Incidence of LBW declined highly significantly from 34.3% to 25.8% from baseline to end line and the mean birthweight of newborns increased significantly from 2.599 kg to 2.695 kg. Data provides strong evidence of a direct correlation between increased maternal pregnancy weight gain, a decrease in per cent LBW and a corresponding increase in mean birth weight of newborns, as the project interventions progressed. This article also provides strong evidence that simple KMNPP interventions addressing pregnancy nutritional care including appropriate dietary supplementation and behaviour change can be replicated in any chronic undernutrition areas to improve pregnancy weight gain, increase birth weight and reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
Trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures irreducible by closed reduction: a retrospective study
Authors: Hao Youliang , Zhang Zhishan , Zhou Fang , Ji Hongquan , Tian Yun , Guo Yan , Lv Yang , Yang Zhongwei , Hou Guojin
Published: February 2023

Aim

To explore the preoperative radiographic features and reduction methods of irreducible trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur and to compare the perioperative characteristics and prognoses of irreducible and reducible fractures.

Methods

The data of 1235 patients with femoral trochanteric fractures surgically treated in our hospital between January 2010 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 1163 cases of femoral trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures were included in this study. Fractures in which good or acceptable reduction could not be reached by closed manipulation were defined as irreducible fractures. The preoperative radiographic features, fracture displacement patterns after closed manipulation and intraoperative reduction methods used to treat irreducible fractures were analyzed, and the perioperative characteristics and prognoses of irreducible fractures and reducible fractures were compared.

Results

There were 224 patients in the irreducible group and 939 patients in the reducible group. According to the radiographic features of fractures, irreducible fractures could be divided into four types: those with interlocking of the fracture, sagging of the femoral shaft, splitting of the lateral wall or medial wall, and comminution of the subtrochanteric area. Various kinds of reduction techniques were needed for different types.

Conclusions

The incidence of irreducible trochanteric fractures was 15.4%, while the incidence of irreducible subtrochanteric fractures was 84.6%. According to the radiographic features of fractures, they can be divided into four types. It is important to identify irreducible fractures preoperatively and make comprehensive plans to the greatest extent possible to shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and reduce the incidence of complications.