bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação das concentrações de metais-traço em moluscos bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) e Iphigenia brasiliensis (Lamarck, 1818) no estuário do rio Ipojuca – Ipojuca – PE, Brasil
Authors: SILVA Maria da Glória Epifânio Pereira , MACÊDO Sílvio José de , Da SILVA Hélida Karla Philippini
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as concentrações totais de metais – traço nos moluscos bivalves Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) e Iphigenia brasiliensis (Lamarck, 1818) do estuário do rio Ipojuca – PE, de modo a fornecer indicadores químicos para avaliação do grau de contaminação da área e estabelecer bases científicas para o monitoramento ambiental do ecossistema, objetivando avaliar o teor de metais – traço para as espécies que apresentam maior abundância na área. As amostras de moluscos bivalves foram obtidas em 02 estações, localizadas em bancos naturais no regime de baixa-mar. Os parâmetros hidrológicos foram analisados nas mesmas estações de coleta dos moluscos. Para análise e determinação dos níveis de metais foram realizadas digestão ácida das amostras através de um forno de microondas e quantificação por meio do Espectrômetro de Emissão Ótica em Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). As concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido apresentaram variações significativas dentro do período estudado, detectando-se nas estações valores abaixo do limite permitido para águas salobras. Todos os metais avaliados (Alumínio, Cádmio, Chumbo, Cobalto, Cobre, Cromo, Ferro, Manganês, Níquel e Zinco) nos moluscos bivalves A. brasiliana e I. brasiliensis apresentaram níveis superiores aos valores de referência permitidos, conforme se aplica a legislação nacional e internacional. Palavras- chave: Bioindicadores ambientais. Contaminação. Águas estuarinas.
Frações orgânicas de carbono, fósforo e nitrogênio em estuários do complexo industrial Portuário de Suape, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Authors: SANTOS JÚNIOR Antonio De Castro , FLORES MONTES Manuel De Jesus
Published: April 2017

Com o objetivo de verificar o impacto dos lançamentos de efluentes nos principais estuários localizados no Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape (CIPS), foi realizado um estudo sobre a variação espacial e sazonal das frações orgânicas de carbono, fósforo e nitrogênio, procurando identificar as principais fontes e a importância dos processos de diluição, remineralização e transporte da matéria orgânica. No estuário do rio Ipojuca, as concentrações de carbono orgânico total variaram entre 1,39 e 14,00 mgL -1 ; fósforo e nitrogênio orgânicos dissolvidos oscilaram entre 0,08 e 2,82 µmol L -1 e 5,85 e 42,68 µmol L -1 , respectivamente. No estuário do rio Massangana, as concentrações de carbono orgânico total variaram entre 1,43 e 14,11 mgL -1 ; fósforo e nitrogênio orgânicos dissolvidos oscilaram entre 0,12 e 4,63 µmol L -1 e 4,08 e 44,93 µmol L -1 , respectivamente. Constatou-se que, os estuários ultrapassaram seu suporte de carga, devido à elevada quantidade de efluentes ricos em matéria orgânica, resultando em perda da qualidade ambiental das águas estuarinas circulantes. Palavras-chave: efluentes, matéria orgânica, qualidade ambiental.
Cell biovolume and biomass in carbon of microphytoplankton species of oceanic regions, Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: RIBEIRO DE QUEIROZ Andressa , KOENING Maria Luise , GASPAR Felipe Lima
Published: April 2017

As interações entre os recursos físicoquímicos no oceano refletem diretamente no comportamento da comunidade fitoplactô-nica, assim, estudá-las torna-se fundamental para o conhecimento das ilhas em regiões oceânicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, obter os valores de biomassa em carbono orgânico através do biovolume celular das espécies do microfitoplâncton do Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo no intuito de contribuir e atualizar os modelos citados na literatura. Foram realizadas coletas em março/2008, em quatro transectos perpendiculares ao Arquipélago. Dentre as 110 espécies identificadas na composição microfitoplanctônica, 33 espécies foram selecionadas para a medida do biovolume celular. Foram elaboradas três formas geométricas combinadas inéditas para o gênero Ceratium cuja complexidade morfo-lógica não foi observada em protocolos anteriores e verificada a carência, na literatura, de medidas mais precisas das dimensões celulares de determinados organismos. Os maiores valores de biovolume celular e biomassa em carbono foram de Pyrocystis noctiluca Murray ex Haeckel. Espera-se que a aplicação das recomendações propostas, no presente trabalho, sobre os modelos venha encorajar estudos nesta área e aumentar a precisão na determinação das medidas morfológicas. Palavras chave: fitoplâncton marinho, medições morfológicas, ilha oceânica.
onstatação de resíduos sólidos no manguezal da baía do sueste - Fernando de Noronha – PE
Authors: ALMEIDA V. C. , COELHO-JUNIOR C. , ASSAD L. P. , BARCELLOS R. L. , TRAVASSOS P. E. P. F. , FEITOSA F. A. do N.
Published: April 2017

O arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha possui o único manguezal insular do Atlântico Sul localizado na Baía do Sueste. Foram realizadas 2 coletas, a primeira em julho de 2010, onde o manguezal esteve conectado com a Baía do Sueste e a segunda em março de 2011, onde a laguna estava fechada. utilizando-se ¼ da área do quadrats de 0,25 m2 para raspagem superficial do sedimento e análise do lixo. Todo material foi secado, peneirado e triado. Os resíduos foram lavados para após secagem natural serem pesados. Foi observado cerca de 40% mais lixo na coleta 1 em relação a coleta2. Três tipos de resíduos foram identificados: plástico, isopor e pellets, sendo o primeiro o mais expressivo. O plástico representou 97% das amostras e em todas as amostras foram encontrados pellets. É notável que este lixo seja oriundo do Oceano Atlântico, transportando pela corrente Sul Equatorial para dentro da baía. Palavras-chave: Lixo, corrente Sul Equatorial, Pellets.
Estado trófico dos estuários dos rios Ipojuca e Merepe – PE
Authors: BATISTA Thayse Natália Freitas , FLORES MONTES Manuel De Jesus
Published: April 2017

ico e a qualidade das águas estuarinas, dos rios Ipojuca e Merepe (PE), através do índice TRIX. Foram realizadas 7 coletas de água, em 3 pontos, na superfície, em diferentes estágios de maré de sizígia, com a garrafa Niskin, durante um ciclo sazonal (de maio/09 a maio/10), com freqüência bimestral. A distribuição sazonal do TRIX nestes estuários esteve mais elevada no período chuvoso em ambos os estágios de maré. Os valores do TRIX variaram de 5,41 a 7,83, onde os menores índices foram registrados no P1 durante a preamar, no período chuvoso, e os maiores índices foram encontrados no P3 durante a baixa-mar, no mesmo período. Estados tróficos variando de alto a elevado, atestam a má qualidade destas águas e traduzem a forte pressão antrópica sobre estes ecossistemas. Palavras chave: eutrofização, TRIX, áreas estuarinas.
Análise das comunidades macrobentônicas sésseis, como ênfase na interação entre cnidário Zoantus sociatus (Ellis, 1978) e macroralga, no topo de um recife de águas rasas do nordeste do Brasil
Authors: SANTOS Gleice De Souza , LIRA Simone Maria de Albuquerque , SCHWAMBORN Ralf
Published: April 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se as áreas de cobertura de Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis, 1768) e de macroalgas no topo da área fechada de Tamandaré apresentam associação e se juntas influenciam na variação da área de cobertura da comunidade macrobentônica séssil. As amostragens foram realizadas no topo dos recifes da área fechada de Tamandaré (PE, Brasil) em janeiro e de março a agosto de 2012. A fauna macrobentônica séssil foi avaliada através do fototransecto. Foram realizados 9 transectos fixos de 10 m de extensão, e em cada um deles foram fotografados dez quadrados de 50 x 50 cm, totalizando 630 fotografias. A comunidade macrobentônica séssil apresentou como grupos com maior área de cobertura o zoantídeo Zoanthus sociatus (Ellis, 1768) e as macroalgas (principalmente a rodófita Palisada perforada). A área de cobertura viva total variou de 3,3 % a 100%, com uma média de 80,26%. Já Z. sociatus apresentou uma variação de 3,3 % a 80% (média: 26,37%) de área de cobertura e as macroalgas variaram de 3,3% a 93% (média: 29,98%). Houve uma correlação positiva entre a área de cobertura total e a de macroalgas e uma correlação negativa entre a área de cobertura de macroalgas e de Z. sociatus. O grupo que mais influenciou nas mudanças da comunidade macrobentônica séssil dos ambientes de estudo é o das macroalgas. O fato das macroalgas e o zoantídeo Z. sociatus apresentarem áreas de cobertura inversas, ao longo dos meses, pode estar relacionado à estratégias competitivas regidas pelas mudanças ambientais. Palavras-chave: área de cobertura, fototransecto, Tamandaré
Avaliação da toxicidade dos sedimentos do sistema estuarino do rio Capibaribe (Pernambuco, Brasil) utilizando o copépodo bentônico Tisbe biminiensis Volkmann Rocco ( 1973)
Authors: MACIEL Daniele Claudino , Da COSTA Bruno Varella Motta , SANTOS Lilia Pereira de Souza , De SOUZA José Roberto Botelho de , ZANARDI-LAMARDO Eliete
Published: April 2017

Os sedimentos concentram uma fração considerável dos contaminantes que chegam aos estuários. Estes compostos podem comprometer a sobrevivência, fecundidade e desenvolvimento dos organismos bentônicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade dos sedimentos superficiais do Sistema Estuarino do Rio Capibaribe (SERC) sobre o copépodo bentônico Tisbe biminiensis. Amostragens de sedimento foram realizadas em cinco estações do SERC. Hidrocarbonetos de petróleo dissolvidos e/ou dispersos na água (HAPDDs) foram analisados em amostras de água de fundo para avaliação do aporte recente destes compostos. Efeitos subletais sobre T. biminiensis foram observados para as amostras coletadas em frente ao Porto do Recife, na desembocadura norte do Rio Capibaribe e na porção superior do estuário. As concentrações de HAPDDs registradas no SERC sugerem que a contaminação ocorre de forma crônica e é proveniente principalmente da descarga de efluentes domésticos e industriais, como também das atividades portuárias. Palavras chave: Fecundidade total, percentual de copepoditos, contaminação, hidrocarbonetos de petróleo.
Produtividade Fitoplanctônica em um estuário impactado do litoral norte de Pernambuco - rio Timbó (Paulista).
Authors: GREGO Christiana Kelly Da Silva , FEITOSA Fernando Antônio Do Nascimento , SILVA CUNHA Maria da Glória Gonçalves , HONORATO DA SILVA Marcos , NUNES Rafaela Vieira
Published: April 2017

O estuário do rio Timbó situa-se no litoral norte de Pernambuco, em uma área com intensa atividade pesqueira e forte pressão antrópica, em virtude principalmen-te de lançamento de eflu-entes domésticos, industriais e atividade turística. Este artigo trata de uma análise sobre as condições ambientais do estuário, levando em consideração a distribuição espacial e temporal da produtividade fitoplanctônica, da clorofila a e algumas variáveis hidrológicas. As amostras de água foram coletadas com garrafa de kitahara durante o período de estiagem (out, nov, dez/2002) e chuvoso (maio, jun, jul/2003) na baixa-mar e preamar, em três pontos fixos (E1, E2, E3) desde a jusante até a montante do estuário. De acordo com os resultados a taxa de saturação do oxigênio dissolvido, variou desde zona semipoluída a supersaturada; os sais nutrientes apresentaram-se mais elevados durante o período chuvoso, na baixa-mar e na porção mais a montante, o regime salino variou de mesoalino a eualino, a clorofila a do fitoplâncton variou de 2,43 a 160,39mg.m-3, apresentando um gra-diente decrescente no sentido da jusante. A produtividade fitoplanctônica oscilou entre 20,57 mgC.m-3.h-1 a 1.746,82 mgC.m-3.h-1, acompanhan-do o mesmo padrão da biomassa (clororila a). A taxa de assimilação variou de zona oligotrófica (1,14) a eutrófica (47,5). Baseado na ACP a produção e biomassa fitoplanctônica correlacionou de forma direta com o material em suspensão e nutrientes e inversa com a transparência da agua, salinidade e maré. Levando-se em conta os parâmetros, oxigênio, nutrientes, biomassa e produção fitoplanctônica, pode-se concluir uma forte ação antrópica sobre o ambiente, que vem aumentando com o passar dos anos e ocupação urbana.
ESTIMATIVA DA BIOMASSA, ABUNDÂNCIA, DENSIDADE E BIOVOLUME DO ZOOPLÂNCTON ESTUARINO E MARINHO TROPICAL ATRAVÉS DE ANÁLISE DE IMAGEM
Authors: SILVA Nathália Lins , LIRA Simone Maria De Albuquerque , SCHWAMBORN Ralf
Published: April 2017

A biomassa, biovolume e estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica do estuário do Rio Formoso e da Baía de Tamandaré foram estudadas durante junho e agosto de 2013. Estas informações permitem um maior conhecimento das interações ecológicas e os aspectos relevantes das populações que consistem a comunidade zooplanctônica nas áreas estudadas. As amostras foram coletas usando duas redes de plâncton (malhas de 200 e 300 µm) através de arrastos subsuper-ficiais horizontais com duração de 5 minutos. Em laboratório, foi obtido o peso úmido de cada amostra (n=24 amostras). Para quantificar o biovolume dos grupos taxonômicos das foi utilizado o equipa- mento ZooScan, sistema óptico desenvolvido para detectar e mensurar a distribuição de tamanhos de partículas do zooplâncton. Copépodes, decápodes e apendiculárias formaram os grupos mais abundantes. Valores mais elevados e biomassa úmida total, densidade total e biovolume total ocorreram no ambiente estuarino em relação ao ambiente marinho e na rede com abertura de malha de 200 micrometros em relação a malha de 300. Os resultados também demons-traram a existência de uma relação linear entre os valores de biomassa e os de biovolume. Este estudo mostra a viabilidade do ZooScan para o estudo das comunidades do zooplâncton estuarino tropical e costeiro. Palavras-chave: Zooscan, peso úmido, Rio Formoso, Baía de Tamandaré.
Lista dos Porcellanidae (Crustacea Decapoda, Anomura) do Litoral de Pernambuco e dos Estados Vizinhos.
Authors: COELHO Petrônio Alves
Published: April 2017

A presente lista, a primeira de uma série de listas da fauna de decápodos de Pernambuco e Estados vizinhos, registra a ocorrência dos porcelanídeos Pachycheles ackleianus (Pernambuco), P. greeleyi (Paraíba, Pernambuco e Alagoas), P. monilifer (Pernambuco), P. riisei (Fernando de Noronha), P. rugimanus (Pernambuco), Petrolisthes armatus (Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia e São Paulo), P. serratus (Pernambuco e Bahia), Porcellanopsis rosea (Paraíba e Pernambuco), P. soriata (Pernambuco), Minyocerus angustus (São Paulo), Porcellana sayana (Pernambuco) e Megalobranchium poeyi (Paraíba); é fornecida uma chave para identificação.
Contribuição ao Estudo das Diatomáceas da Praia de Piedade (Pernambuco - Brasil).
Authors: ESKINAZI Enide , SATÔ Shigekatsu
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho representa a primeira contribuição para o conhecimento das Diatomáceas da costa nordestina brasileira. Consta de 53 espécies, provenientes de 20 amostras de plâncton.
Application à l'oceanographie des Methodes de Determination de la Chlorinité de l'eau Saumâtre et les Remarques Pratiques.
Authors: DULEMBA Jean L.
Published: April 2017

No caso da determinação da clorinidade das águas salobras provenientes da proximidade da foz dos rios, com diversos teores em ClNa, o método clássico de Mohr-Knudsen, conhecido em oceanografia física, não pode servir nem ser empregado, porque é apenas destinado à água do mar de salinidade acentuada. Por este motivo, o autor deste artigo apresenta aqui dois métodos de análise das águas salobras que facilitarão por vezes o trabalho dos oceanógrafos. Ao aplica-los, o autor efetuou uma longa série de análises de amostras originárias de diversas regiões francesas.
Sobre uma Nova Ocorrência de Blackfordia virginica Mayer 1910 e Ostrumovia inkermanica Hadzi (1928) (Hydromedusae).
Authors: PARANAGUÁ Maryse Nogueira
Published: April 2017

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A Plataforma Continental do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil: Nota preliminar sobre a natureza do fundo.
Authors: KEMPF Marc
Published: April 2017

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Estudo da Plataforma Continental na Área do Recife (Brasil). IIIa. Diatomáceas do Fitoplâncton.
Authors: ESKINAZI-LEÇA Enide
Published: April 2017

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As Espécies Brasileiras da Família Pinnotheridae (Crustacea Reptantia) com Descrição de uma Nova Espécie (Fabia sebastianensis).
Authors: COSTA Henrique Rodrigues
Published: April 2017

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Estudos das Pescarias dos Botes a Vela da Praia do Pina (Recife, Brasil).
Authors: SILVA Omar Cruz
Published: April 2017

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Commuting Choices
Authors: Fanny Sosenke E.
Published: April 2017

A real-world problem discusses commuting costs.
Orthophosphate ion adsorption onto raw shrimp shells
Authors: Abidar Fatiha , Morghi Mohamed , Abali M’hamed , Sinan Fouad , Chiban Mohamed , Eddaoudi Hassan , Zebret Mohamed
Published: April 2017

The aim of this work was to develop new low-cost adsorbents obtained from animal origins, available in large quantities and environmentally friendly. Raw shrimp shell (RSS), a biomaterial of animal origin, is abundant, available, renewable and non-toxic. It has physicochemical properties that can induce a significant adsorptive activity. In this study, the removal of phosphate anions (H2PO4-, HPO42-) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto raw shrimp shells was studied. The surface micro-morphology of the biomaterial was investigated using scanning electron microscope and qualitative element composition was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray and infrared spectroscopies. The efficiency of the biomaterial was investigated using a batch adsorption technique under different experiment conditions, achieved by varying parameters such as adsorbent dosage, the contact time, the initial phosphate anion concentrations, the temperature and the initial solution pH. Results show that the kinetics adsorption of phosphate ions by the biomaterial is relatively quick and the biomaterial showed a high adsorption capacity of 0.20 g∙g-1 and 0.4 g∙g-1 for HPO42- and H2PO4-, respectively. The adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms to determine the nature of the adsorption sites. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models showed good fits to the experimental adsorption data.
Bichromatic Photosynthesis of Coumarins by UV Filter‐Enabled Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Eivgi Or , Sutar Revannath L. , Reany Ofer , Lemcoff N. Gabriel
Published: April 2017

Herein, we report on a two‐step bichromatic synthesis of coumarins involving UV‐A and UV‐C light. The first step is a UV‐A‐photoinduced ruthenium‐catalyzed cross‐metathesis (CM) reaction of 2‐nitrobenzyl‐protected 2‐hydroxystyrenes with acrylates, using an external solution of 1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde as a UV filter. Irradiation in the absence of the filter permanently inhibits the light‐activated catalyst due to photocleavage of the photolabile protecting group (PPG) and ensuing phenolate chelation to the ruthenium. The simple removal of the external filter after CM allows further photochemical reactions with UV‐C light to achieve more complex architectures, such as the coumarins presented in this work.

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Synergistic effects of carbon black and carbon nanotubes on the electrical resistivity of poly(butylene‐terephthalate) nanocomposites
Authors: Dorigato Andrea , Brugnara Marco , Pegoretti Alessandro
Published: April 2017

In this study, novel electrically conductive polymeric nanocomposites based on polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) filled with commercial carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at different relative ratios have been investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis revealed how a good nanofiller dispersion was obtained both by introducing CB and CNT. Melt flow index measurements highlighted that the processability of the nanocomposites was heavily compromised at elevated filler amounts, and the viscosity percolation threshold was established at 3 wt% for CNTs and between 6 and 10 wt% for CB nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements evidenced how the presence of CNT slightly increased the glass transition temperature of the materials, and an increase of 12°C of the crystallization temperature was obtained with a CNT amount of 6 wt%. Also the crystalline fraction was increased upon CNT addition. Electrical resistivity measurements evidenced that the most interesting results were obtained for nanocomposites with a total filler content of 6 wt% and a CNT/CB relative amount equal to 2:1. The synergistic effect obtained with the combination of both nanofillers allowed the achievement of a rapid surface heating through Joule effect even at applied voltages of 2 V.
Trabecular mapping: Leveraging geometric morphometrics for analyses of trabecular structure
Authors: Sylvester Adam D. , Terhune Claire E.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Trabecular microstructure of limb bone epiphyses has been used to elucidate the relationship between skeletal form and behavior among mammals. Such studies have often relied on the analysis of a single volume of interest (VOI). Here we present a method for evaluating variation in bone microstructure across articular surfaces by leveraging sliding semilandmarks.

Methods

Two samples were used to demonstrate the proposed methodology and test the hypothesis that microstructural variables are homogeneously distributed: tali from two ape genera (Pan and Pongo, n = 9) and modern human distal femora (n = 10). Sliding semilandmarks were distributed across articular surfaces and used to locate the position of multiple VOIs immediately deep to the cortical shell. Trabecular bone properties were quantified using the BoneJ plugin for ImageJ. Nonparametric MANOVA tests were used to make group comparisons and differences were explored using principal components analysis and visualized using color maps.

Results

Tests reveal that trabecular parameters are not distributed homogeneously and identify differences between chimpanzee and orangutan tali with regards to trabecular spacing and degree of anisotropy, with chimpanzee tali being more anisotropic and having more uniformly spaced trabeculae. Human males and females differed in the pattern of trabecular spacing with males having more uniform trabecular spacing across the joint surface.

Conclusions

The proposed procedure quantifies variation in trabecular bone parameters across joint surfaces and allows for meaningful statistical comparisons between groups of interest. Consequently it holds promise to help elucidate links between trabecular bone structure and animal behavior.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of mitotane: Analytical assay and patient follow‐up
Authors: Feliu Catherine , Cazaubon Yoann , Guillemin Helene , Vautier Damien , Oget Olivier , Millart Hervé , Gozalo Claire , Djerada Zoubir
Published: April 2017

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy of the adrenal gland. Mitotane (o,p'‐DDD) is the most effective chemotherapy for ACC. According to the literature, mitotane plasma trough concentrations within 14–20 mg L−1 are correlated with a higher response rate with acceptable toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of mitotane is therefore recommended. The aim of this study was to propose a robust and simple method for mitotane quantification in plasma. The validation procedures were based on international guidelines. Sample preparation consisted of a single protein precipitation with methanol using 100 μL of plasma. The supernatant was submitted to liquid chromatography coupled with ultra‐violet detection at 230 nm. Mitotane retention time was 7.1 min. The limit of detection was 0.1 mg L−1 and the limit of quantification was 0.78 mg L−1. The assay demonstrated a linear range of 0.78–25 mg L−1 with correlation coefficients (r2) at 0.999. Inter‐ and intra‐assay precision was <4.85%. Evaluation of accuracy showed a deviation <13.69% from target concentration at each quality control level. This method proved easy and rapid to perform mitotane TDM and required a small volume of sample. It was successfully applied to routine TDM in our laboratory.
Microbeads in Commercial Facial Cleansers: Threatening the Environment
Authors: Bayo Javier , Martínez Andrés , Guillén Marta , Olmos Sonia , Roca María‐José , Alcolea Alberto
Published: April 2017

The presence of primary microplastics in the environment isconsidered a major concern because of three main reasons: the physical damage to organisms that ingest them, the leaching of constituent contaminants such as monomers or additives, and the sorption of inorganic and organic chemicals. Microbeads collected from four facial cleansers, a personal care product commonly used by European consumers, have been analyzed in this paper. The variability in size distribution, specific surface area, the oxidation state of the polymer and the presence of whitening agents in one of the cosmetic formulations proved to be related with the ability to sorb heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), both in bi‐distilled water and treated urban effluents. The sorption process for heavy metals proved to be related to a physical mechanism, without a specific interaction between the adsorbate and the microbead. In the case of PCBs, low molecular weight congeners proved to be preferentially sorbed by oxidized polyethylene (Microbead‐B, MB‐B), although the maximum amount for total PCBs sorption was for the facial cleanser with TiO2 in its composition (Microbead‐A, MB‐A) and a moderate ecotoxicity. Regression models developed for PCBs showed a similar behavior of these pollutants in bi‐distilled and real treated urban effluents for microbeads, indicating that the exposed surface area was not the only mechanism responsible for sorption, but also the specific partitioning into the bulk microplastic.
A Rigidity Result for Overdetermined Elliptic Problems in the Plane
Authors: Ros Antonio , Ruiz David , Sicbaldi Pieralberto
Published: April 2017

Let be a (locally) Lipschitz function and a domain whose boundary is unbounded and connected. If there exists a positive bounded solution to the overdetermined elliptic problem

urn:x-wiley:00103640:media:cpa21696:cpa21696-math-0004

we prove that Ω is a half‐plane. In particular, we obtain a partial answer to a question raised by H. Berestycki, L. Caffarelli, and L. Nirenberg in 1997.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhodnius prolixus: From classical physiology to modern developmental biology
Authors: Nunes‐da‐Fonseca Rodrigo , Berni Mateus , Tobias‐Santos Vitória , Pane Attilio , Araujo Helena Marcolla
Published: April 2017

The hemiptera Rhodnius prolixus is a blood‐feeding insect and a primary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of the Chagas disease. Over the past century, Rhodnius has been the subject of intense investigations, which have contributed to unveil important aspects of metabolism and physiology in insects. Recent technological innovations are helping dissect the genetic and molecular underpinnings of Rhodnius embryogenesis and organogenesis, thus fostering the use of this important species in the fields of developmental and evolutionary biology. Rhodnius represents also an excellent system to study development under stressful conditions, since the embryo must develop in the presence of a large amount of blood‐derived reactive oxygen species. With a recently sequenced genome, small among other Hemiptera, and the identification of basic elements for all classical development pathways, functional studies in this species are revealing novel aspects of insect development and evolution. Here we review early studies on this model insect and how this paved the way for recent functional studies using the kissing bug.
Oncopeltus fasciatus as an evo‐devo research organism
Authors: Chipman Ariel D.
Published: April 2017

The large milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus was one of the main study insects for a range of biological questions throughout much of the 20th century. Its importance waned with the introduction of Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model organism. The evo‐devo revolution of the turn of the century re‐introduced Oncopeltus into the scientific community, and it has proved increasingly useful, mostly within a comparative context for evolution driven research. The last few years have seen a number of significant contributions to our understanding of the evolution of developmental processes in insects, and in arthropods in general, arise from work on Oncopeltus. This review presents some of the key studies and shows how they have provided new insights into evolutionary questions. The advent of whole genome sequencing and genome editing techniques is reducing the gap between Drosophila and (re‐)emerging systems such as Oncopeltus. We expect that the ease of work on Oncopeltus and its pivotal phylogenetic position will contribute to the expansion of its use within the evo‐devo community and more broadly in arthropod research.
Factors involved in early polarization of the anterior‐posterior axis in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus
Authors: Ginzburg Neta , Cohen Mira , Chipman Ariel D.
Published: April 2017

The axes of insect embryos are defined early in the blastoderm stage. Genes involved in this polarization are well known in Drosophila, but less so in other insects, such as the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. Using quantitative PCR, we looked at differential expression of several candidate genes for early anterior‐posterior patterning and found that none of them are expressed asymmetrically in the early blastoderm. We then used an RNA‐Seq approach to identify novel candidate genes that might be involved in early polarization in Oncopeltus. We focused on transcription factors (TFs) as these are likely to be central players in developmental processes. Using both homology and domain based identification approaches, we were unable to find any TF encoding transcripts that are expressed asymmetrically along the anterior‐posterior axis at early stages. Using a GO‐term analysis of all asymmetrically expressed mRNAs, we found an enrichment of genes relating to mitochondrial function in the posterior at the earliest studied time‐point. We also found a gradual enrichment of transcription related activities, giving us a putative time frame for the maternal to zygotic transition. Our dataset provides us with a list of new candidate genes in early development, which can be followed up experimentally.
Ploidy has little effect on timing early embryonic events in the haplo‐diploid wasp Nasonia
Authors: Arsala Deanna , Lynch Jeremy A.
Published: April 2017

The nucleocytoplasmic (N/C) ratio plays a prominent role in the maternal‐to‐zygotic transition (MZT) in many animals. The effect of the N/C ratio on cell‐cycle lengthening and zygotic genome activation (ZGA) has been studied extensively in Drosophila, where haploid embryos experience an additional division prior to completing cellularization and triploid embryos cellularize precociously by one division. In this study, we set out to understand how the obligate difference in ploidy in the haplodiploid wasp, Nasonia, affects the MZT and which aspects of the Drosophila MZT are conserved. While subtle differences in early embryonic development were observed in comparisons among haploid, diploid, and triploid embryos, in all cases embryos cellularize at cell cycle 12. When ZGA was inhibited, both diploid female, and haploid male, embryos went through 12 syncytial divisions and failed to cellularize before dying without further divisions. We also found that key players of the Drosophila MZT are conserved in Nasonia but have novel expression patterns. Our results suggest that zygotically expressed genes have a reduced role in determining the timing of cellularization in Nasonia relative to Drosophila, and that a stronger reliance on a maternal timer is more compatible with species where variations in embryonic ploidy are obligatory.
Premorbid BMI predicts binge‐purge symptomatology among individuals with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lantz Elin L. , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria , Wentz Elisabet , Lowe Michael R.
Published: April 2017

Objective

A finding consistent with the transdiagnostic approach to eating disorders is that about half of those with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN) eventually undergo a transition to the binge/purge (BP) subtype or to bulimia nervosa. Given evidence that individuals with bulimic symptoms exhibit elevated weights premorbidly, we tested the hypothesis that among those with AN, highest premorbid BMI would predict which individuals with AN would develop AN‐BP.

Method

The current study used longitudinal data from a community sample of adolescents with AN in Sweden. Premorbid weights were obtained from growth charts, and participants were re‐assessed at 6, 10, and 18 years after first presentation with AN.

Results

A greater highest premorbid BMI z score predicted a greater likelihood of developing binge/purge symptoms over 18 years.

Discussion

Among individuals who develop an eating disorder, premorbid BMI may be implicated in the type and course of the eating disorder that emerges.
Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited ZnO on Carbon Black as High‐Performance Catalysts for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Li Yang , Wang Huanhuan , Tian Tian , Zhu Shanxu , Zhou Jia , Wu Xiaohong , Qin Wei
Published: April 2017

Hybrid materials with ZnO anchored on carbon black (CB) are fabricated by using the atomic‐layer deposition (ALD) technique. The oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of the CB act as the reactive sites to facilitate stable deposition of ZnO, and further create a unique hybrid structure with a C–O–Zn bond between CB and ZnO. The catalytic performance of the ZnO/CB hybrids for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP, NH4ClO4) is investigated, showing that two exothermic peaks are merged into one and the peak temperature decreases from 432 °C to 295 °C, even lower than that of ZnO (311 °C). The superior catalytic activity of ZnO/CB hybrids is attributed to the fast electron transfer from ZnO to CB and restricted electron recombination in the hybrids, which significantly benefits from the C–O–Zn bond fabricated by the ALD process. The present study provides a new insight into the catalytic mechanism of metal oxide/carbon hybrids, showing promise for catalyst and reaction accelerator applications.
Chiral separation of aryloxyphenoxy‐propionate herbicides in a permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin based column. Influence of temperature and mobile phase composition on enantioselectivity
Authors: Lubomirsky Ester , Padró Juan M. , Di Loreto Héctor , Castells Cecilia B.
Published: April 2017

We used a permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase under reversed‐phase conditions for the chiral separation of four aryloxyphenoxy‐propionate herbicides (fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl, quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and tefuryl, and haloxyfop‐p‐methyl) with mixtures of methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol, n‐propanol, tert‐butanol, or acetonitrile and water as mobile phases and investigated the influence of mobile phase composition and column temperature (from 0 to 50°C) on the separation. The retention factors (k) and selectivity factors (α) of all the herbicides investigated decreased with increasing temperature. The lnα versus 1/T and lnk versus 1/T plots for the enantiomers of the chiral pesticides were linear within the range of 0–50°C with all alcohol/water mixtures constituting the mobile phase, but the lnk versus 1/T plots were nonlinear for all the enantiomers chromatographed in acetonitrile/water mixtures. The thermodynamic parameters based on linear van't Hoff plots were calculated. The influence of temperature and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation of the solutes has rarely been considered simultaneously. The temperature and the solvents used in the mobile phase, however, were found to have a profound effect on the enantioseparation of these herbicides.
Single and dual cyclodextrins systems for the enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric separations of structurally related dihydropyridone analogues
Authors: Delplanques Thibaut , Boulahjar Rajaa , Charton Julie , Houze Corentin , Howsam Michael , Servais Anne‐Catherine , Fillet Marianne , Lipka Emmanuelle
Published: April 2017

CD capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for complete enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric separations of a series of ten dihydropyridone analogues, of which eight were neutral, one was anionic, and one was cationic. Ten different systems comprising one or two CDs were found to successfully separate the isomers thanks to a screening approach. Among the tested CDs, highly sulfated‐γ‐CD (HS‐γ‐CD), either in a single or in a dual system, in a phosphate buffer using capillaries dynamically coated with polyethylene oxide, and SBE‐β‐CD, either in a single or in a dual system, in a borate buffer using uncoated capillaries, were the most selective selectors. The effects of different parameters such as the nature and concentration of the CDs, nature and concentration of the buffer, and voltage were examined. The precision and LODs and limits of quantification were evaluated for the optimized methods.
An agglomeration‐based adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible flows
Authors: Zenoni G. , Leicht T. , Colombo A. , Botti L.
Published: April 2017

In this work, we exploit the possibility to devise discontinuous Galerkin discretizations over polytopic grids to perform grid adaptation strategies on the basis of agglomeration coarsening of a fine grid obtained via standard unstructured mesh generators. The adaptive agglomeration process is here driven by an adjoint‐based error estimator. We investigate several strategies for converting the error field estimated solving the adjoint problem into an agglomeration factor field that is an indication of the number of elements of the fine grid that should be clustered together to form an agglomerated element. As a result the size of agglomerated elements is optimized for the achievement of the best accuracy for given grid size with respect to the target quantities. To demonstrate the potential of this strategy we consider problem‐specific outputs of interest typical of aerodynamics, eg, the lift and drag coefficients in the context of inviscid and viscous flows test cases.
The good lies: Altruistic goals modulate processing of deception in the anterior insula
Authors: Yin Lijun , Hu Yang , Dynowski Dennis , Li Jian , Weber Bernd
Published: April 2017

When it comes to lies, the beneficiaries of one's dishonesty play an important role in the decision‐making process. Altruistic lies that are made with the intention of benefiting others are a specific type of lies and very common in real life. While it has been shown that altruistic goals influence (dis)honest behaviors, the neural substrates of this effect is still unknown. To reveal how the brain integrates altruistic goals into (dis)honest decisions, this study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural activity of participants in a real incentivized context while they were making (dis)honest decisions. We manipulated the beneficiaries of individuals' decisions (self vs. a charity) and whether the choices of higher payoffs involved deception or not. While finding that participants lied more often to benefit charities than for themselves, we observed that the altruistic goal of benefiting a charity, compared with the self‐serving goal, reduced the activity in the anterior insula (AI) when lying to achieve higher payoffs. Furthermore, the degree of altruistic goal‐induced reduction of AI activity was positively correlated with the degree of altruistic goal‐induced reduction of honesty concerns. These results suggest that the AI serves as a neural hub in modulating the effect of altruistic goals on deception, which shed light on the underlying neural mechanism of altruistic lies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3675–3690, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrologic connectivity and threshold behavior of hillslopes with fragipans and soil pipe networks
Authors: Wilson G.V. , Nieber J.L. , Fox G.A. , Dabney S.M. , Ursic M. , Rigby J.R.
Published: April 2017

Many concepts have been proposed to explain hydrologic connectivity of hillslopes with streams. Hydrologic connectivity is most often defined by qualitative assessment of spatial patterns in perched water tables or soil moisture on hillslopes without a direct linkage to water flow from hillslopes to streams. This form of hydrologic connectivity may not explain the hydrologic response of catchments that have network(s) of preferential flow paths, for example, soil pipes, which can provide intrinsic connectivity between hillslopes and streams. Duplex soils are known for developing perched water tables on hillslopes and fostering lateral flows, but the connectivity of localized perched water tables on hillslopes with soil pipes has not been fully established. The objectives of this study were to characterize pipeflow dynamics during storm events, the relationships between perched water tables on hillslopes and pipeflows, and their threshold behaviour. Two well‐characterized catchments in loess soil with a fragipan were selected for study because they contain multiple, laterally extensive (over 100 m) soil pipe networks. Hillslopes were instrumented with shallow wells adjacent to the soil pipes, and the wells and pipe collapse features were equipped with pressure transducers. Perched water tables developed on hillslopes during a wetting up period (October–December) and became well connected spatially across hillslope positions throughout the high flow period (January–March). The water table was not spatially connected on hillslopes during the drying out (April–June) and low flow (July–September) periods. Even when perched water tables were not well‐connected, water flowing through soil pipes provided hydrologic connectivity between upper hillslopes and catchment outlets. Correlations between soil pipeflow and perched water tables depended on the size and location of soil pipes. The threshold relationship between available soil‐moisture index plus storm precipitation and pipeflow was dependent on the season and strongest during dry periods and not high‐flow seasons. This study demonstrated that soil pipes serve as a catchment backbone of preferential flow paths that provide intrinsic connectivity between upper hillslopes and streams.
Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Authors: Boengler Kerstin , Kosiol Maik , Mayr Manuel , Schulz Rainer , Rohrbach Susanne
Published: April 2017

Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best‐known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high‐energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed.
Students’ Misconceptions about Semiconductors and Use of Knowledge in Simulations
Authors: Nelson Katherine G. , McKenna Ann F. , Brem Sarah K. , Hilpert Jonathan , Husman Jenefer , Pettinato Eva
Published: April 2017

Background

Little research exists on students’ misconceptions about semiconductors, why they form, and what role educational resources like simulations play in misconception formation. Research on misconceptions can help enhance student learning about semiconductors.

Purpose (Hypothesis)

This project sought to identify students’ misconceptions about three semiconductor phenomena – diffusion, drift, and excitation – and to determine if prior knowledge, knowledge acquired from watching animated simulations, or both were related to students’ misconceptions. We hypothesized that students would hold misconceptions about those phenomena and that students’ prior knowledge and knowledge acquired from watching animated simulations would be associated with their misconceptions.

Design/Method

Forty‐one engineering students completed an instrument that asked questions about three semiconductor phenomena after the students had observed the animated simulations. Responses were analyzed and coded using two frameworks: misconception and knowledge use.

Results

Misconceptions were prevalent for all three phenomena. Misconceptions were associated with use of incorrect prior knowledge, a combination of correct or incorrect prior knowledge, and the knowledge acquired from watching the animated simulations alone or in combination with correct and incorrect prior knowledge. Misconceptions indicated a lack of understanding of chemistry and physics concepts.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that students hold many misconceptions about semiconductor phenomena. These misconceptions were common among our participants. The knowledge acquired from the animated simulations alone or in combination with prior knowledge could reinforce or contribute to misconception formation. Our findings can guide instructors to use or create better simulations to aid student learning.
Collaborating for Early‐Age Career Awareness: A Comparison of Three Instructional Formats
Authors: Colston Nicole , Thomas Julie , Ley M. Tyler , Ivey Toni , Utley Juliana
Published: April 2017

Background

Early‐age engineering education can enhance preparedness and generate interest in engineering careers prior to college. This article reports on collaboration between a university engineer and science teacher educators to introduce engineering career awareness in elementary classrooms. The resulting elementary school curriculum, Engineering is Everywhere, features video instruction by the engineer, a teacher activity guide, and a materials kit.

Purpose/Research Questions

Our research question was, “How might engineers and educators best collaborate in elementary engineering outreach efforts?” We co‐developed curricula, prepared classroom teachers, and compared fifth‐grade student learning outcomes to determine the most beneficial type of engineer instruction.

Design/Method

A quasi‐experimental research design assessed the effectiveness of three instructional formats: engineer‐led, engineer‐visit, and engineer‐video. Pre‐ and post‐tests captured changes in fifth‐grade students' understanding about the work of engineers and attitudes about engineering.

Results

Findings indicated significant gains in all students' understanding, with some differences across the three instructional formats. The engineer‐led students did not show significant changes in overall engineering attitudes. Only the engineer‐video students demonstrated significant gains in engineering job interests.

Conclusions

A qualitative comparison of the costs and benefits of each instructional format raised important considerations for planning engineer outreach. We recommend that engineers collaborate with science teacher educators in the design of video instruction and assist in preparing elementary classroom teachers to administer the lesson activities.