bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De ontwikkeling en implicaties van kinder- en mensenrechten op het gebied van klimaatverandering
Authors: Wewerinke-Singh M.J. , Stein J.A.M. , Doek J.E.
Published: May 2021

De ontwikkelingen en implicaties van kinder- en mensenrechten op het gebied van klimaatverandering

Hoewel kinderen disproportioneel geraakt worden door klimaatverandering, is er tot op heden nog relatief weinig aandacht besteed aan de juridische kant hiervan. Dit artikel tracht bij te dragen door antwoord te geven op de vraag in hoeverre kinderen ‘klimaatrechten’ hebben op mensen- en kinderrechtelijk vlak. In dit kader worden de ontwikkelingen op het terrein van mensenrechten geschetst. Ook wordt ingegaan op de belangrijkste juridische implicaties van kinderrechten zoals neergelegd in het IVRK. Hiervoor zijn ook alle Concluding Observations uit 2019 op dit onderwerp bestudeerd. Bovendien wordt het analytisch rapport van de OHCHR over klimaat en kinderrechten besproken. Tot slot wordt ingegaan op de klimaatklacht die momenteel voorligt bij het VN-Kinderrechtencomité en de mogelijkheden van kinderen in Nederland voor de effectuering van hun rechten op dit vlak.
La notion de dommage exceptionnel comme base pour la réparation du préjudice subi par les femmes exerçant le petit commerce informel durant la période de l’état d’urgence sanitaire dans la ville de Kinshasa
Authors: EKOMENE Genèse BIBI
Published: May 2021

Cette étude est un plaidoyer en faveur des femmes exerçant le petit commerce informel et qui ont été durement frappées par les mesures d’état d’urgence édictées pour la lutte contre la propagation du Coronavirus de décembre 2019 (COVID-19). L’auteure va explorer les voies de solutions possibles pour rétablir les femmes victimes dans leurs droits touts au moins d’avant la COVID-19. Les deux premières voies sont gouvernementales. Il s’agit d’une part, de la batterie des mesures économiques pour atténuer les effets néfastes de la COVID-19 décidées par le Gouvernement. Parmi ces mesures, on trouve les exonérations et les allégements fiscaux. D’autre part, il s’agit du Fonds national de solidarité contre le coronavirus (FNSCC) dont la mission est notamment de soutenir les personnes exerçant une activité économique anéantie par les conséquences néfastes de la pandémie. Cependant, la première hypothèse ne concerne pas les personnes exerçant le petit commerce informel qui ont perdu tous les revenus suite à l’arrêt de leurs activités et la deuxième voie celle du FNSCC est inefficace. Seule la voie judiciaire pourrait consister en la saisine du Conseil d’Etat pour dommage exceptionnel en vue d’obtenir réparation telle que prévu par les dispositions légales en vigueur.
The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Zou Jin , Shen Wei , Zhang Yu , Ying Shibo
Published: May 2021

Mammals can produce nine kinds of arginine methylation enzymes that can be divided into three types (I, II, and III) according to their catalytic activity. Arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), as the first discovered arginine methyltransferase type I, has been reported to be involved in cell signal transduction, DNA damage repair, RNA transcription and other processes. Its imbalance or abnormal expression is also involved in cancer metastasis. PRMT1 is highly expressed in gastrointestinal tumors and promotes tumor biomarkers expression, chemotherapy resistance and tumorigenicity to promote cancer progression, while downregulation of PRMT1 expression can inhibit the migration and invasion of related tumor cells or promote tumor cells apoptosis and inhibit the progression of cancer. Therefore, PRMT1 may be a cancer therapeutic target. In this paper, arginine methylase 1 expression in various types of gastrointestinal tumors, the tumorigenic mechanism and the role of PRMT1 in tumorigenesis and development were reviewed.
Recent Perspectives in Radiation-Mediated DNA Damage and Repair: Role of NHEJ and Alternative Pathways
Authors: Kumar Sharma Ajay , Shaw Priyanka , Kalonia Aman , Yashavarddhan M.H. , Chaudhary Pankaj , Vibhuti Arpana , Kumar Shukla Sandeep
Published: May 2021

Radiation is one of the causative agents for the induction of DNA damage in biological systems. There is various possibility of radiation exposure that might be natural, man-made, intentional, or non-intentional. Published literature indicates that radiation mediated cell death is primarily due to DNA damage that could be a single-strand break, double-strand breaks, base modification, DNA protein cross-links. The double-strand breaks are lethal damage due to the breakage of both strands of DNA. Mammalian cells are equipped with strong DNA repair pathways that cover all types of DNA damage. One of the predominant pathways that operate DNA repair is a non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) that has various integrated molecules that sense, detect, mediate, and repair the double-strand breaks. Even after a well-coordinated mechanism, there is a strong possibility of mutation due to the flexible nature in joining the DNA strands. There are alternatives to NHEJ pathways that can repair DNA damage. These pathways are alternative NHEJ pathways and single-strand annealing pathways that also displayed a role in DNA repair. These pathways are not studied extensively, and many reports are showing the relevance of these pathways in human diseases. The chapter will very briefly cover the radiation, DNA repair, and Alternative repair pathways in the mammalian system. The chapter will help the readers to understand the basic and applied knowledge of radiation mediated DNA damage and its repair in the context of extensively studied NHEJ pathways and unexplored alternative NHEJ pathways.
Nonthermal Crystalline Forming of Ceramic Nanoparticles by Non-Equilibrium Excitation Reaction Field of Electron
Authors: Shimoi Norihiro
Published: May 2021

In this work, we have discovered a method of forming ZnO thin films with high mobility, high carrier density and low resistivity on plastic (PET) films using non-equilibrium reaction fields, even when the films are deposited without heating, and we have also found a thin film formation technique using a wet process that is different from conventional deposition techniques. The field emission electron-beam irradiation treatment energetically activates the surface of ZnO particles and decomposes each ZnO particles. The energy transfer between zinc ions and ZnO surface and the oxygen present in the atmosphere around the ZnO particles induce the oxidation of zinc. In addition, the ZnO thin films obtained in this study successfully possess high functional thin films with high electrical properties, including high hole mobility of 208.6 cm2/Vs, despite being on PET film substrates. These results contribute to the discovery of a mechanism to create highly functional oxide thin films using a simple two-dimensional process without any heat treatment on the substrate or during film deposition. In addition, we have elucidated the interfacial phenomena and crosslinking mechanisms that occur during the bonding of metal oxide particles, and understood the interfacial physical properties and their effects on the electronic structure. and surface/interface control, and control of higher-order functional properties in metal/ceramics/semiconductor composites, and contribute to the provision of next-generation nanodevice components in a broad sense.
Guidance and Control of a Planar Robot Manipulator Used in an Assembly Line
Authors: Özkan Bülent
Published: May 2021

In order to achieve higher productivity and lower cost requirements, robot manipulators have been enrolled in assembling processes in last decades as well as other implementation areas such as transportation, welding, mounting, and quality control. As a new application of this field, the control of the synchronous movements of a planar robot manipulator and moving belt is dealt with in this study. Here, the mentioned synchronization is tried to be maintained in accordance with a guidance law which leads the robot manipulator to put selected components onto the specific slots on the moving belt without interrupting the assembling process. In this scheme, the control of the manipulator is carried out by considering the PI (proportional plus integral) control law. Having performed the relevant computer simulations based on the engagement geometry between the robot manipulator and moving belt, it is verified that the mentioned pick-and-place task can be successfully accomplished under different operating conditions.
Supervision of Substance Abuse Therapeutics Emphasizing the Discrimination Model of Supervision and Motivational Interview Practices
Authors: A. Mills John , Krizner Maren
Published: May 2021

There is considerable pressure from varied sources to provide effective supervision to professionals who deliver therapeutic services to persons being treated for substance use disorders. The literature of supervision continues to evolve as the utility of supervision models and their applicability with substance abuse therapeutics are explored. Among the many models of supervision, Bernard’s Discrimination Model of supervision is experiencing on-going development in the context of a variety of clinical services. The current chapter will describe how Bernard’s model can be used effectively to enhance the supervision of substance abuse professionals as well as how further development of the model would enhance the approach. The Discrimination Model will be combined with existing literature of Motivational Interviewing approaches to describe key elements of effective clinical supervision with professionals delivering services in a complex and challenging industry.
Violence as an Expression of Power
Authors: Jo Kyu-hyun ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

Hannah Arendt’s conception of violence in On Violence ignores cases in which violence becomes an expression of power. Through my discussion of a government’s use of violence to control criminal violence and the Algerian Revolution, I argue that an Arendtian communicative relationship between power and violence is unrealistic; a decision to use violence can arise within a government bureaucracy or between an anti-colonial group and their supporters, but not between a colonial oppressor and the oppressed. The decision to use violence is a product of power and cannot actually expect a literal public support. Since the decision arises from the power an entity has over others and the need to maintain power, it is unrealistic for power to rule absolutely or for violence to disappear because there is absolute power. Arendt’s central claim is insufficient because it does not consider how using violence is a decision arising from power.
Heidegger, Technology, and Biohistorical Human Futures
Authors: George Siby K. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

Posthumanist readings of the Heidegger corpus often conclude that the transformed future human essence must either be the ecoromanticist ideal of the attuned dweller or the technoprogressivist ideal of the technicized animal. Such inferences are untenable according to the logic of the text, where human essence is envisaged as radically unfixed and open, and humans themselves as meaningful contributors to their future essence. In this way, the transformation of human essence can become a genuinely ethicopolitical question, rather than an ontologically predetermined one. An ontologically open posthumanist and biohistorical reading of the Heidegger corpus concerning the human future is possible if focus is placed on the logic of the text itself rather than authorial intentions.
From HIV to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Karcher Donald S.
Published: May 2021

Context.—

From the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic in the 1980s to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, multiple viral pandemics have occurred and all have been associated with hematologic complications of varying severity.

Objective.—

To review the hematologic complications associated with the HIV and other viral pandemics, the current theories regarding their causation, and the incidence and clinical impact of these complications on infected patients.

Data Sources.—

Peer-reviewed medical literature and the author's personal experience.

Conclusions.—

The HIV and other viral pandemics have been associated with a variety of hematologic complications that often cause significant morbidity and mortality in affected patients. HIV infection is associated with multiple hematologic disorders, many of which have a lower incidence in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy but still represent a major clinical problem for HIV-infected patients. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-related hematologic complications, including HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, has evolved in recent years. Other viral pandemics, including H1N1 influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and COVID-19, have also been associated with hematologic complications of varying severity. Our emerging understanding of the pathogenesis of the hematologic complications of HIV, COVID-19, and other viral pandemics may help in prevention, correct diagnosis, and treatment of these complications in current and future pandemics.
La influencia de los textos no vinculantes del Consejo de Europa sobre independencia judicial en el TEDH y en la UE
Authors: Bustos Gisbert Rafael
Published: May 2021

El artículo examina los documentos elaborados sobre independencia judicial por distintos órganos del Consejo de Europa. Tiene en cuenta la diferente aproximación en los mismos antes y después de la crisis del Estado de Derecho en algunos de los Estados europeos a partir de 2010. Tras resumir los estándares básicos elaborados en tales textos, se estudia su influencia en el Consejo de Europa y en la UE. En el primer sentido se examina su presencia en la jurisprudencia del TEDH. Respecto a la UE se examina el modo en que ha condicionado la labor de la Comisión en la supervisión del respeto al Estado de Derecho por los Estados miembros desde que comenzara a usarlos para evaluar las candidaturas de los países del Este a ingresar en la UE a finales del pasado siglo, hasta su incorporación al Informe sobre el Estado de Derecho en la UE aprobado en octubre de 2020.This essay focuses on the documents on judicial independence drafted by Council of Europe bodies. It takes into account its diverse approaches before and after the rule of Law backsliding in some European States since 2010. The basic standards elaborated are summarized. Its influence is addressed both at the Council of Europe and at the European Unión. In the first sense it examines the influence of this soft law in the European Court of Human Rights case law. Secondly it focuses in the way it has conditioned the European Commission task of monitoring the effectiveness of rule of law in EU member states. This influence began when they were used to evaluate the candidatures of Eastern European countries to join the EU at the end of the last century but it has kept inspiring the Commision’s activities until the Report on Rule of Law issued in October 2010.
Significado y alcance de la inviolabilidad del Rey
Authors: García Majado Patricia
Published: May 2021

El objeto del presente artículo es analizar el papel que la inviolabilidad regia desempeña en el marco del sistema democrático español y su particular régimen jurídico. Para ello, aquélla tratará de desvincularse de concepciones pretéritas que justificaban su existencia, tratando de hallarle su fundamento en el marco de una Constitución democrática, desentrañando, a partir de la misma, la función que dicho instituto ostenta en el ordenamiento español. A continuación, tratará de estudiarse su alcance, tanto en términos temporales como materiales, a efectos de comprobar si resulta compatible o no con la función que la inviolabilidad tiene asignada; todo ello a efectos de determinar si nos hallamos ante una justificable prerrogativa o ante un intolerable privilegio.The aim of this paper is to analyze both the role that the royal prerogative plays in the Spanish democratic system and its particular legal regime. For that purpose, it will be detached from past or historical conceptions which before justified its existence, trying to find its present foundation in the framework of a democratic Constitution, which will determine the function it is called to play in the Spanish legal order. Then, the paper will explore its legal scope, both in substantive and temporal terms, so as to verify whether it is compatible with the function the inviolability holds and, consequently, if we are dealing with a justifiable prerogative or an intolerable privilege.
Quarentena blues ou pensamentos pandêmicos - o que me/nos/vos motiva?
Authors: Herkenhoff Paulo
Published: May 2021

Esses pensamentos soltos, aforismos, listagens, pequenos devaneios, reflexões, abecedário incompleto, textos foram elaborados durante a quarentena do coronavírus a partir de meados de março de 2020. São aqui apresentados em ordem alfabética, que não corresponde a sua cronologia.
A arte brega e as formas de negociar incertezas
Authors: Oliveira Emerson Dionisio Gomes de
Published: May 2021

O presente texto busca pontuar as motivações de um historiador da arte frente aos desafios dessa disciplina nas últimas três décadas. De evidente trato autobiográfico, o texto percorre escolhas conceituais, as noções eleitas e usa a brega como prática metodológica para construir as abordagens da arte. Insinuamos, ainda, alguns modelos epistemológicos de compreensão da produção artística, seja pela explicitação dos autores no texto, seja pelas parcerias do que chamamos de comunidade de intérpretes.
A propósito de Pieter Bruegel, O Quadro ou a esfera infinita. Por uma reforma teológico-política do entendimento
Authors: Bove Laurent
Published: May 2021

A obra pintada de Bruegel se situa no início de um período de profundas comoções cujo episódio final, Spinoza viveu. A unidade intrínseca de um período histórico vincula, portanto, o pintor e o filósofo: é a unidade de uma luta pela liberdade de expressão. Essa simetria, antes, histórica, do pintor e do filósofo, suscitava a hipótese de outra simetria, epistemológica, entre a imagem e o conceito. Essa dupla simetria está no princípio das minhas interrogações. Será que, como um século mais tarde em Spinoza, o trabalho pictórico de Bruegel já não produzia um dispositivo teórico peculiar que, no seu domínio próprio, refletia “sobre” – e a partir “de” – a distinção entre imaginação e entendimento? Essa questão e a convicção de uma atividade cognitiva da arte envolviam ao mesmo tempo uma hipótese de trabalho e minhas motivações epistemológicas.
Fazer mundos, fabricar possíveis: práticas do artista do fingere
Authors: Bethonico Marina Romagnoli
Published: May 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo discorrer sobre as motivações que me ligam à pesquisa teórica e prática em artes visuais que tenham implicações coletivas. Após uma breve introdução ao meu percurso de artista-pesquisadora, uma contextualização das disciplinas teóricas com as quais me envolvo é apresentada a fim de iniciar uma reflexão acerca da imagem fotográfica, no contexto da arte contemporânea, e sua produção de instantes, alinhada a um tempo aiônico coerente com sua lógica de manipulação. A teoria dos mundos possíveis visuais norteia essa reflexão, na qual as noções de “fingere” e de “imagem-ficção” se destacam. Um estudo de caso é apresentado, a partir do trabalho do artista Éric Baudelaire, que articula ambiguidades da imagem para pensar as potências do falso na re-construção de outras versões da dita realidade. Conclui-se que a imagem (pós-)fotográfica contemporânea transita entre três graus: o evento original, o histórico e o de imagem. Este último se vale da potência modificadora de mundos, que a imagem-ficção porta consigo, para estimular o movimento na direção e na criação de novos caminhos coletivos.
Imagens de um asterisco: modos de usar
Authors: Costa Rachel Falcão , Gonçalves Bárbara Mól
Published: May 2021

Este texto trata das experiências que fundam o olhar, a postura e os gestos de duas artistas-pesquisadoras que tomam por referência poética em comum o livro Água Viva, de Clarice Lispector. Com a tentativa de refletir sobre certas provocações dessa edição em relação ao autorretrato crítico do artista, objetiva-se estabelecer um diálogo entre as diferentes investigações sobre a figura do artista na atualidade, o que inclui referências, práticas e discursos artístico-teóricos plurais. A intenção, aqui, é dar fluxo aos pensamentos que afluem ora por vias acadêmico-intelectuais, ora por vivências e empirismos, fazendo-se existir não apenas pelas linhas venosas da região do real, mas, tanto quanto ou mais, pelos meandros do imaginário e da imaginação. Articulam-se, pelo mútuo exercício do pensamento, passagens de autores como Bauman, Mondzain, Nancy, Blanchot e Arendt, além de menções a Saramago, García Márquez, Mia Couto e à própria Lispector, cuja companhia nos motiva a essa escrita em dupla. Afinal, é nos domínios da reflexão e da inclusão que trabalhamos o compartir das diferenças na profundidade das entrelinhas.
Sem fim...finalidades da arte
Authors: Huchet Stéphane
Published: May 2021

Nossa relação crítica, inicial, com a instalação nos ensina como a alegoria funciona ainda como vetor contemporâneo da significação. Consciente da sobrevivência das categorias tradicionais, intentamos entender o jogo metamórfico das permanências, apostando na força que a arte sempre teve de cruzar o passado e o presente. Contra o dogma que faz do novo o motor da arte, afirmamos que suas finalidades rompem raramente com motivações originárias já presentes, por exemplo, na teoria antiga da arte: “fins” diversos e transtemporais como a manifestação de uma ideia, o devir-vivo da imagem, a glorificação do artista, até o desejo de seu próprio “fim”! Ao mesmo tempo histórico e teórico, o jogo com o “fim” é uma dialética paradoxal de morte e transfiguração. Esses conceitos desafiadores funcionam como tensores produtivos: Alberti, Vasari, De Chirico, Maliévitch, Kosuth, Meireles, Kaprow, Vik Muniz, são algumas das referências que ritmaram trinta anos de pesquisa.
Giuseppe Penone, matérico e transcendental
Authors: Câmara Marina
Published: May 2021

A produção de Giuseppe Penone, apesar de majoritariamente vinculada ao âmbito tridimensional, não se restringe à realização de esculturas, performances, ações, fotografias, desenhos e instalações. Sua produção textual é igualmente expressiva. Seus escritos de artista foram reunidos e editados em 2009 sob o título Giuseppe Penone. Scritti 1968-2008, pelo Museo d´Arte Moderna di Bologna (MAMbo), então representado por Gianfranco Maraniello – organizador e prefaciador do volume –, em parceria com a Ikon Gallery de Birmingham, com direção de Jonathan Watkins. Os direitos de tradução dos escritos de Penone foram cedidos à autora do presente texto e a tradução está atualmente sendo revisada. A escrita de Penone é, como o próprio artista ressalta, uma condição para a existência de toda a sua obra. Apresentam-se aqui algumas traduções inéditas dos escritos de artista de Giuseppe Penone, antecedidas por um comentário da autora acerca dos principais norteadores da poética do artista.
A ninfa nos azulejos de Adriana Varejão
Authors: Zortéa Adriel Dalmolin , Campos Daniela Queiróz
Published: May 2021

O estudo aponta a ninfa na obra da artista plástica Adriana Varejão (1964-). Nascida no Rio de Janeiro, as imagens da brasileira Adriana Varejão destacam-se no circuito artístico contemporâneo. Analisam-se as imagens a partir de questões teóricas articuladas com a Ninfa, formuladas pelo historiador da arte Aby Warburg em sua fértil obra, incorporadas e revisitadas pela história da arte escrita por Georges Didi-Huberman. As ninfas em Varejão foram indicadas em três de suas imagens da série Saunas e Banhos – entranhadas ao azulejo, tema/objeto caro à artista – a partir de similitudes para com imagens produzidas em outros tempos históricos, também problematizadas como ninfas.
Perdón y vida pública
Authors: Esparza Daniel Ricardo , Diez Bosch Miriam
Published: May 2021

En la sección titulada Irreversibilidad y el Poder de Perdonar en La Condición Humana, Arendt afirma que “el descubridor del papel del perdón en la esfera de los asuntos humanos fue Jesús de Nazaret”. En lo que sigue, quisiéramos aproximarnos al uso antiguo del verbo griego sungignôskô (“considerar”) que a nuestro entender cumple el mismo papel que Arendt advierte en esta supuesta novedad cristiana —la “mutua exoneración de lo que se ha hecho”—, no sólo para entender en qué consistiría el descubrimiento que Arendt atribuye a Jesús, sino porque creemos que la idea de que los griegos desconocían la facultad de perdonar es, si no falsa, al menos imprecisa.

In the section titled Irreversibility and the Power to Forgive in the Human Condition, Arendt claims that “the discoverer of the role of forgiveness in the sphere of human affairs was Jesus of Nazareth”. In what follows, we would like to approach the ancient use of the Greek verb sungignôskô (“to consider”) which, in our opinion, fulfills the same role that Arendt finds in this alleged Christian novelty —the “mutual exoneration of what has been done”— not only to understand what would the actual discovery Arendt attributes to Jesus imply, but because we believe claiming the Greeks were unaware of the faculty of forgiveness is, if not false, at least inaccurate.
Géneros naturales y definición de vida
Authors: Amilburu Martínez Alba , Soler Parra Jaime
Published: May 2021

En el debate sobre la definición de vida algunos autores consideran que vida ha de entenderse como un género natural (Cleland y Chyba 2002, Diéguez 2013). Sin embargo, cuando se afirma que vida es un género natural se asumen también otras ideas vinculadas con la idea de género natural que conviene explicitar, tal y como han mostrado recientemente Bich y Green (2018) aunque de manera programática, y ese es precisamente el objetivo planteado aquí; mostrar cuáles son esas implicaciones y señalar las dificultades que surgen al adoptar el discurso sobre los géneros naturales para entender y analizar categorías científicas complejas como, por ejemplo, vida. En este trabajo extendemos esta crítica a las distintas formas de entender los géneros naturales y señalamos cuál es la principal causa de las dificultades que derivan de este planteamiento.

In the contemporary philosophy of biology, some authors claim that life is better undertood as a natural kind (Cleland and Chyba 2002, Diéguez 2013). This paper questions the metaphysical commitments related to the natural kind approach in relation with the debate of defining life. The goal of this paper is to show how considering life as a natural kind carries out some difficulties and costs. Those difficulties have been partialy shown by Bich and Green (2018) concerning the essentialist view of natural kinds. In this paper we extended this criticism to other ways of understanding natural kinds and we argue that such a difficulties are due to the acceptance of an inadequate frame of reference, based on a naïve idea of naturalness and on a natural/conventional dichotomy that is not properly justified.
Clima Organizacional em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: percepções da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Chiavone Flávia Barreto Tavares , Filgueira Martins Rodrigues Claúdia Cristiane , De Lima Ferreira Larissa , Candido de Oliveira Salvador Pétala Tuani , Dos Santos Bezerril Manaces , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzebia
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Medir el clima organizacional del equipo de enfermería en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: Este es un estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital universitario en el noreste de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó en 2016, con la participación de 30 profesionales de enfermería. Se realizó el análisis de datos a partir de estadística descriptiva y análisis de datos bivariados. Resultados: Se encontró que los profesionales de enfermería perciben un clima organizacional bajo en el sector en que trabajan y el desarrollo profesional y los beneficios fueron el factor considerado más bajo entre los trabajadores. El análisis bivariado infiere significativamente que los profesionales que tienen hijos tienen una baja percepción del clima organizacional. Conclusión: La percepción del clima organizacional del equipo de enfermería investigado es baja.

Objective: To measure the organizational climate of the nursing team in the intensive care unit. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, developed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital in the Northeast of Brazil. Data collection was carried out in 2016, with the participation of 30 nursing professionals. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and a bivariate analysis of data. Results: It was found that nursing professionals perceive a low organizational climate score in the sector they work. The professional Development and the benefits were considered the lowest factor by the workers. The bivariate analysis significantly infers that the professionals who have children have a low perception of the organizational climate. Conclusion: The nursing team investigated is perceives the score of the organizational climate to be low.

Objetivo: Mensurar o clima organizacional da equipe enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma unidade de terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário no nordeste do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2016, com a participação de 30 profissionais de enfermagem. A análise dos dados se deu por estatística descritiva e análise bivariada dos dados. Resultados: Verificou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem percebem um baixo clima organizacional no setor que atuam e o Desenvolvimento profissional e benefícios foi o fator considerado mais baixo entre os trabalhadores. A análise bivariada infere de maneira significativa que os profissionais que possuem filhos têm uma baixa percepção do clima organizacional. Conclusão: A percepção do clima organizacional da equipe de enfermagem investigada é baixa.
Realidades de la práctica de la automedicación en estudiantes de la Universidad del Magdalena
Authors: Oviedo Cordoba Haidy , Cortina Navarro Carolina Elena , Osorio Coronel Javier Andres , Romero Torres Sandra Marcela
Published: May 2021

La automedicación forma parte del autocuidado y es considerada como un recurso de salud pública primaria en el sistema de atención de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y patrones de consumo que influyen en la automedicación de los estudiantes de la Universidad del Magdalena Métodos: El estudio corresponde a una investigación de carácter descriptivo, de corte transversal, y enfoque cuantitativo; la muestra se determinó por conglomerados, conformada por 312 estudiantes activos matriculados en pregrado de la Universidad del Magdalena de la ciudad de Santa Marta. Resultados: La práctica de la automedicación se vio reflejado en un 97%; los motivos por los cuales se automedican los estudiantes tienen relación con la aparición de síntomas tales como el dolor y síntomas gripales, los cuales son tratados a partir del consumo de medicamentos tipo analgésicos, antiinflamatorios, con una prevalencia del 84,26%. El principal motivo para automedicarse se relaciona con la levedad de los sintomas; el consejo de familiares en un 46,87% refleja su fuente de información; existe influencia por la publicidad especialmente televisión e internet; finalmente el 71% tiene conocimiento de las consecuencias que acarrea el automedicarse.Conclusiones: La práctica de la automedicación en la población universitaria es alta; los factores influyentes se relacionan con aparición de sintomas, el consejo de familiares, la influencia de la publicidad, la levedad de los sintomas y la falta de tiempo para visitar al médico.

Self-medication is part f self-care and is considered as a primary public health resource in the health care system. Objective: To determine the prevalence and consumption patterns that influence the automation of the students of the Universidad del Magdalena. Methods: The study corresponds to a descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative approach investigation; the sample was determined by conglomerates, made up of 312 active students enrolled in undergraduate studies at the Universidad del Magdalena the city of the Santa Marta. Results: The practice of self-medication was reflected in 97%; the reasons for which the students self-medicate are related to the appearance of symptoms stories, such as pain and flu-like symptoms, which are treated from the consumption at analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs with prevalence of 84,26%.The main reason for self-medication is related to the mildness of the symptoms; the council of relatives in 46,87% reflects their source of information; there is influence by advertising especially television and internet; finally 71% are aware of the consequences of self -medication. Conclusions: The practice of self-medication in the University population is high; influencing factors are related to the appearance of symptoms the advice of relatives, the influence of advertising the mildness of symptoms and lack of the time to visit the doctor.
Enjeux et perspectives de la reconnaissance faciale en sciences criminelles
Authors: Jacquet1 Maëlig , Grossrieder Lionel
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de cristalliser de manière pragmatique les enjeux et perspectives de la reconnaissance faciale en sciences criminelles pour acquérir une meilleure connaissance des limitations et des opportunités offertes par ces technologies, essentielles à leur application au sein du système judiciaire. Nous postulons que cette réflexion doit s’inscrire dans une approche interdisciplinaire qui intègre l’utilisation d’algorithmes en considérant les spécificités de la criminologie et de la science forensique. Cet éclairage permet d’établir un bilan de l’utilisation de la reconnaissance faciale en le scindant en questions fondamentales. Quelles sont les images utilisées en reconnaissance faciale ? Comment sont-elles comparées ? Quels objectifs la reconnaissance faciale sert-elle ? Où est-elle mise en oeuvre et par quels acteurs ? Cette subdivision permet de mieux situer les enjeux et limites de la reconnaissance faciale, ainsi que les perspectives de développement et de recherche. Sur le plan des données elles-mêmes, l’enjeu principal concerne leur qualité originale puis sa dégradation potentielle aux stades de collecte et de sauvegarde des images, qui influencent leur utilisation ultérieure. Pour ce qui est des méthodes, les enjeux se cristallisent autour du manque de standardisation et de transparence, aussi bien lors de tâches exécutées par l’être humain que par un système automatique. Concernant les objectifs des tâches de reconnaissance faciale dans les domaines civil et judiciaire, les enjeux gravitent autour de la protection de la sphère privée et des libertés individuelles. Enfin, les principaux défis soulevés par son utilisation comme moyen de preuve au tribunal concernent la communication, ainsi que la standardisation et la validation méthodologique.
Introspective analysis of convolutional neural networks for improving discrimination performance and feature visualisation
Authors: Shafiq Shakeel , Azim Tayyaba
Published: May 2021

Deep neural networks have been widely explored and utilised as a useful tool for feature extraction in computer vision and machine learning. It is often observed that the last fully connected (FC) layers of convolutional neural network possess higher discrimination power as compared to the convolutional and maxpooling layers whose goal is to preserve local and low-level information of the input image and down sample it to avoid overfitting. Inspired from the functionality of local binary pattern (LBP) operator, this paper proposes to induce discrimination into the mid layers of convolutional neural network by introducing a discriminatively boosted alternative to pooling (DBAP) layer that has shown to serve as a favourable replacement of early maxpooling layer in a convolutional neural network (CNN). A thorough research of the related works show that the proposed change in the neural architecture is novel and has not been proposed before to bring enhanced discrimination and feature visualisation power achieved from the mid layer features. The empirical results reveal that the introduction of DBAP layer in popular neural architectures such as AlexNet and LeNet produces competitive classification results in comparison to their baseline models as well as other ultra-deep models on several benchmark data sets. In addition, better visualisation of intermediate features can allow one to seek understanding and interpretation of black box behaviour of convolutional neural networks, used widely by the research community.
Natural language inference for Malayalam language using language agnostic sentence representation
Authors: Renjit Sara , Idicula Sumam
Published: May 2021

Natural language inference (NLI) is an essential subtask in many natural language processing applications. It is a directional relationship from premise to hypothesis. A pair of texts is defined as entailed if a text infers its meaning from the other text. The NLI is also known as textual entailment recognition, and it recognizes entailed and contradictory sentences in various NLP systems like Question Answering, Summarization and Information retrieval systems. This paper describes the NLI problem attempted for a low resource Indian language Malayalam, the regional language of Kerala. More than 30 million people speak this language. The paper is about the Malayalam NLI dataset, named MaNLI dataset, and its application of NLI in Malayalam language using different models, namely Doc2Vec (paragraph vector), fastText, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers), and LASER (Language Agnostic Sentence Representation). Our work attempts NLI in two ways, as binary classification and as multiclass classification. For both the classifications, LASER outperformed the other techniques. For multiclass classification, NLI using LASER based sentence embedding technique outperformed the other techniques by a significant margin of 12% accuracy. There was also an accuracy improvement of 9% for LASER based NLI system for binary classification over the other techniques.
The Sugar Transporter family in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L): genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiling during stress in seedlings
Authors: Liu Hongzhan , Li Chaoqiong , Qiao Lin , Hu Lizong , Wang Xueqin , Wang Junsheng , Ruan Xianle , Yang Guangyu , Yin Guihong , Wang Chunping , Sun Zhongke , Ma Keshi , Li Lili
Published: May 2021

The sugar transporter protein (STP) plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and stress tolerance. We performed genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the STP gene family to investigate the STPSs’ potential roles in the growth of wheat seedlings under stress. Here, a total of 81 TaSTP genes containing the Sugar_tr conserved motif were identified within the wheat genome. Bioinformatic studies including phylogenetic tree, chromosome position, and tandem repeat were performed to analyze the identified genes. The 81 TaSTP genes can be classified into five main groups according to their structural and phylogenetic features, with several subgroups, which were located separately on chromosomes A, B, and D. Moreover, six gene clusters were formed with more than three genes each. The results of three comparative syntenic maps of wheat associated with three representative species suggested that STP genes have strong relationships in monocots. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that most TaSTP genes displayed different expression profiles after seedlings were subjected to six days of different stress (10% PEG6000, 150 mM NaCl, and their combination, respectively), suggesting that these genes may be involved in regulating plant growth and stress tolerance. In conclusion, 81 TaSTP genes were identified and their expressions changed under stress, indicating TaSTP’s potential roles in wheat growth monosaccharide distribution is regulated.
Comprehensive analysis based on DNA methylation and RNA-seq reveals hypermethylation of the up-regulated WT1 gene with potential mechanisms in PAM50 subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Ren Chongyang , Tang Xiaojiang , Lan Haitao
Published: May 2021

Background

Breast cancer (BC), one of the most widespread cancers worldwide, caused the deaths of more than 600,000 women in 2018, accounting for about 15% of all cancer-associated deaths in women that year. In this study, we aimed to discover potential prognostic biomarkers and explore their molecular mechanisms in different BC subtypes using DNA methylation and RNA-seq.

Methods

We downloaded the DNA methylation datasets and the RNA expression profiles of primary tissues of the four BC molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, and HER2-enriched), as well as the survival information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The highly expressed and hypermethylated genes across all the four subtypes were screened. We examined the methylation sites and the downstream co-expressed genes of the selected genes and validated their prognostic value using a different dataset (GSE20685). For selected transcription factors, the downstream genes were predicted based on the Gene Transcription Regulation Database (GTRD). The tumor microenvironment was also evaluated based on the TCGA dataset.

Results

We found that Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1), a transcription factor, was highly expressed and hypermethylated in all the four BC subtypes. All the WT1 methylation sites exhibited hypermethylation. The methylation levels of the TSS200 and 1stExon regions were negatively correlated with WT1 expression in two BC subtypes, while that of the gene body region was positively associated with WT1 expression in three BC subtypes. Patients with low WT1 expression had better overall survival (OS). Five genes including COL11A1, GFAP, FGF5, CD300LG, and IGFL2 were predicted as the downstream genes of WT1. Those five genes were dysregulated in the four BC subtypes. Patients with a favorable 6-gene signature (low expression of WT1 and its five predicted downstream genes) exhibited better OS than that with an unfavorable 6-gene signature. We also found a correlation between WT1 and tamoxifen using STITCH. Higher infiltration rates of CD8 T cells, plasma cells, and monocytes were found in the lower quartile WT1 group and the favorable 6-gene signature group. In conclusion, we demonstrated that WT1 is hypermethylated and up-regulated in the four BC molecular subtypes and a 6-gene signature may predict BC prognosis.
Bootstrap methods can help evaluate monitoring program performance to inform restoration as part of an adaptive management program
Authors: Moore Jennifer F. , Pine III William E.
Published: May 2021

The objective of many fish and wildlife restoration programs is to utilize management actions to change the state of a system. Because restoration programs are often expensive, iteratively assessing whether the restoration is having the desired outcome is a critical aspect of learning how to inform ongoing and sampling designs to evaluate proposed restoration programs. We provide an example of how we are using data resampling as part of an adaptive restoration process to test the effectiveness of a restoration action and associated monitoring program to restore the degraded Lone Cabbage oyster reef in Suwannee Sound, Florida in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. We use a resampling framework through simulations to inform the progress of the restoration efforts by examining the direction and magnitude of the differences in live oyster counts between restored and unrestored (wild) reefs over time. In addition, we evaluated the effort (number of sites sampled) needed to determine the effect of restoration to understand how many surveys should be conducted in subsequent sampling seasons. These efforts allow us to provide timely insight into the effectiveness of both our monitoring efforts and restoration strategy which is of critical importance not only to the restoration of Lone Cabbage Reef but to larger restoration efforts within the Gulf of Mexico as part of the consolidated Deepwater Horizon settlements and funded restoration efforts.
Are Chopin Waltzes Salon Music?
Authors: Yu Haoxuan
Published: May 2021

Chopin is always regarded as a representative of salon pianist, and his waltzes and nocturnes are regarded as models of salon music. But according to the fact, not all Chopin waltzes fall within the realm of salon music, but many articles or reports lead the readers to think in inappropriate ways, so that they have a considerable misunderstanding of Chopin's waltzes. Through the analysis of several waltzes, the letter puts forward that Chopin waltzes could not possibly be generalized as salon music, and it further discusses the emotional expression function of Chopin's waltzes.
Whey Protein Supplement: An Exclusive Food or Need of the Hour: Review
Authors: Sangwan Sonia , Seth Raman
Published: May 2021

Background: Protein is an essential portion of food that exerts beneficial effects on body composition and metabolism. However, protein-rich foods are costly and scarcely available in developing countries, and protein deficiency is a significant public health concern. In this situation, searching for additional dietary protein sources is of utmost importance due to decreasing resources because of the growing global population. The current literature review is about whey protein as it is the cheapest, readily available protein source.

Methods: Milk is formed of two proteins, casein and whey. Whey is different from the casein in milk and is formed as a by-product of the cheese-making process. Whey (the liquid left after milk curdling) was deemed a waste by the dairy industry for decades. However, it is the cheapest protein source for the poor growing populations in developing countries. Whey protein is a complete protein as it contains all nine essential amino acids. It is low in lactose content.

Conclusion: Human body cannot make essential amino acids, so it is necessary to get enough of them from the diet. Due to the availability of carbohydrates, fat, immunoglobulins, lactose, and minerals, including essential amino acids in whey protein, it is necessary for human energy. There are many benefits related to whey protein consumption, such as muscle building and loss of fat. New possible therapeutic properties of whey protein have to be investigated further for the full utility to humans.