bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Hospital Deliveries among Ethnic Minority Women with Religious Beliefs in China: A Descriptive Study Using Interviews and Survey Data
Authors: Song Peige , Kang Chuyun , Theodoratou Evropi , Rowa-Dewar Neneh , Liu Xuebei , An Lin
Published: August 2016

Background: China has made great progress in improving hospital delivery-the coverage of hospital delivery has increased to above 95% in most regions- some regions lag behind owing to geographic and economic inequality, particularly the poor ethnic minority areas of the Sichuan Province. This study explores factors which may influence hospital delivery from multiple perspectives, with implications for practice and policy. Methods: A framework analysis approach was used to identify and categorize the main barriers and levers to hospital delivery. Our analysis draws on basic information from the sampled counties (Butuo and Daofu). Results: The hospital delivery rate was below 50% in the two sampled areas. In both areas, the “New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme” and “Rural hospital delivery subsidy” were introduced, but only Butuo county had a transportation subsidy policy. Socioeconomically disadvantaged women in both counties who delivered their babies in hospitals could also apply for financial assistance. A lack of transport was among the main reasons for low hospital delivery rates in these two counties. Furthermore, while the hospital delivery costs could be mostly covered by “New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme” or “Rural Hospital Delivery Subsidy”, reimbursement was not guaranteed. People in Daofu county might be affected by their Buddhism religion for hospital delivery. Women in Butuo following the Animism religion would refuse delivery in hospitals because of language barriers. Traditional lay beliefs were the main factor that influenced hospital delivery; their understandings of reproductive health varied, and many believed that childbirth should not be watched by strangers and that a home delivery was safe. Conclusions: This study has highlighted a number of barriers and levers to hospital delivery in rural poor ethnic minority areas which could inform and improve the access and rate of hospital delivery rate; thereby reducing health inequalities in maternal and child health in China.
Punicalagin Mollifies Lead Acetate-Induced Oxidative Imbalance in Male Reproductive System
Authors: Rao Faiza , Zhai Yiwen , Sun Fei
Published: August 2016

Punicalagin (PU) is a known antioxidant. The present study examined PU to protect against lead-induced oxidative stress (OS) testicular damage in mice. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) after intraperitoneal injection of lead acetate (LA) indicated enormous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lead-induced OS has a direct effect on the differentiation of spermatogonial cells, showing a significant decline in sperm count. Supplementation of PU significantly changes values of LPO and glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in sperm count, a marked decrease in the abnormal sperms, and a decline in the morphologically abnormal sperm population. Moreover, the histopathological evaluation of testes and epididymides showed severe changes in mice treated with LA. PU significantly induced nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-like 2 (Nrf2) expression and phase II enzymes, and data suggest that PU may inhibit OS through Nrf2 activation. The fertility test proved that PU might play an important role in male infertility treatment, especially in the type of infertility induced by OS.
Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Graft-versus-Host Diseases
Authors: Tu Sanfang , Zhong Danli , Xie Weixin , Huang Wenfa , Jiang Yangyang , Li Yuhua
Published: August 2016

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infection are major complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in HSCT patients. Recent work has demonstrated that the two complications are interdependent. GVHD occurs when allo-reactive donor T lymphocytes are activated by major histocompatibility antigens or minor histocompatibility antigens on host antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with the eventual attack of recipient tissues or organs. Activation of APCs is important for the priming of GVHD and is mediated by innate immune signaling pathways. Current evidence indicates that intestinal microbes and innate pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on host APCs, including both Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are involved in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or total body irradiation before allo-HSCT are susceptible to aggravated gastrointestinal epithelial cell damage and the subsequent translocation of bacterial components, followed by the release of endogenous dangerous molecules, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which then activate the PRRs on host APCs to trigger local or systemic inflammatory responses that modulate T cell allo-reactivity against host tissues, which is equivalent to GVHD. In other words, infection can, to some extent, accelerate the progression of GVHD. Therefore, the intestinal flora’s PAMPs can interact with TLRs to activate and mature APCs, subsequently activate donor T cells with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and eventually, induce GVHD. In the present article, we summarize the current perspectives on the understanding of different TLR signaling pathways and their involvement in the occurrence of GVHD.
The Potential Role of Kallistatin in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Li Jiaze , Krishna Smriti , Golledge Jonathan
Published: August 2016

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular condition that causes permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, which can lead to death due to aortic rupture. The only treatment for AAA is surgical repair, and there is no current drug treatment for AAA. Aortic inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor, which has been shown to have a variety of functions, potentially relevant in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kallistatin also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt canonical signaling, which promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling in various pre-clinical experimental models. This review explores the potential protective role of kallistatin in AAA pathogenesis.
Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of a Phytoestrogen-Rich Herbal Preparation in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Myasoedova Veronika , Kirichenko Tatyana , Melnichenko Alexandra , Orekhova Varvara , Ravani Alessio , Poggio Paolo , Sobenin Igor , Bobryshev Yuri , Orekhov Alexander
Published: August 2016

The risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis progression is significantly increased after menopause, probably due to the decrease of estrogen levels. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for prevention of cardiovascular disease in older postmenopausal failed to meet expectations. Phytoestrogens may induce some improvements in climacteric symptoms, but their effect on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. The reduction of cholesterol accumulation at the cellular level should lead to inhibition of the atherosclerotic process in the arterial wall. The inhibition of intracellular lipid deposition with isoflavonoids was suggested as the effective way for the prevention of plaque formation in the arterial wall. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was to investigate the effect of an isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation on atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women free of overt cardiovascular disease. One hundred fifty-seven healthy postmenopausal women (age 65 ± 6) were randomized to a 500 mg isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation containing tannins from grape seeds, green tea leaves, hop cone powder, and garlic powder, or placebo. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors and intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (cIMT) were evaluated at the baseline and after 12 months of treatment. After 12-months follow-up, total cholesterol decreased by 6.3% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (p = 0.011) and by 5.2% in placebo recipients (p = 0.020); low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased by 7.6% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (p = 0.040) and by 5.2% in placebo recipients (non-significant, NS); high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased by 3.4% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (NS) and by 4.5% in placebo recipients (p = 0.038); triglycerides decreased by 6.0% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (NS) and by 7.1% in placebo recipients (NS). The differences between lipid changes in the isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation and placebo recipients did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the mean cIMT progression was significantly lower in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients as compared to the placebo group (6 μm, or <1%, versus 100 μm, or 13%; p < 0.001 for the difference). The growth of existing atherosclerotic plaques in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients was inhibited by 1.5-fold (27% versus 41% in the placebo group). The obtained results demonstrate that the use of isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation in postmenopausal women may suppress the formation of new atherosclerotic lesions and reduce the progression of existing ones, thus promising new drug for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
The Function of the MEF2 Family of Transcription Factors in Cardiac Development, Cardiogenomics, and Direct Reprogramming
Authors: Desjardins Cody , Naya Francisco
Published: August 2016

Proper formation of the mammalian heart requires precise spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation of gene programs in cardiomyocytes. Sophisticated regulatory networks have evolved to not only integrate the activities of distinct transcription factors to control tissue-specific gene programs but also, in many instances, to incorporate multiple members within these transcription factor families to ensure accuracy and specificity in the system. Unsurprisingly, perturbations in this elaborate transcriptional circuitry can lead to severe cardiac abnormalities. Myocyte enhancer factor–2 (MEF2) transcription factor belongs to the evolutionarily conserved cardiac gene regulatory network. Given its central role in muscle gene regulation and its evolutionary conservation, MEF2 is considered one of only a few core cardiac transcription factors. In addition to its firmly established role as a differentiation factor, MEF2 regulates wide variety of, sometimes antagonistic, cellular processes such as cell survival and death. Vertebrate genomes encode multiple MEF2 family members thereby expanding the transcriptional potential of this core transcription factor in the heart. This review highlights the requirement of the MEF2 family and their orthologs in cardiac development in diverse animal model systems. Furthermore, we describe the recently characterized role of MEF2 in direct reprogramming and genome-wide cardiomyocyte gene regulation. A thorough understanding of the regulatory functions of the MEF2 family in cardiac development and cardiogenomics is required in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies to repair the diseased heart.
PCR Technology for Detection of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Barnes Rosemary , White P.
Published: August 2016

The application of molecular technologies to aid diagnosis and management of infectious diseases has had a major impact and many assays are in routine use. Diagnosis of aspergillosis has lagged behind. Lack of standardization and limited commercial interest have meant that PCR was not included in consensus diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal disease. In the last ten years careful evaluation and validation by the Aspergillus European PCR initiative with the development of standardized extraction, amplification and detection protocols for various specimen types, has provided the opportunity for clinical utility to be investigated. PCR has the potential to not only exclude a diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis but in combination with antigen testing may offer an approach for the early diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk populations, with the added benefit of detection of genetic markers associated with antifungal resistance.
A Self-Assembled Aggregate Composed of a Fatty Acid Membrane and the Building Blocks of Biological Polymers Provides a First Step in the Emergence of Protocells
Authors: Black Roy , Blosser Matthew
Published: August 2016

We propose that the first step in the origin of cellular life on Earth was the self-assembly of fatty acids with the building blocks of RNA and protein, resulting in a stable aggregate. This scheme provides explanations for the selection and concentration of the prebiotic components of cells; the stabilization and growth of early membranes; the catalysis of biopolymer synthesis; and the co-localization of membranes, RNA and protein. In this article, we review the evidence and rationale for the formation of the proposed aggregate: (i) the well-established phenomenon of self-assembly of fatty acids to form vesicles; (ii) our published evidence that nucleobases and sugars bind to and stabilize such vesicles; and (iii) the reasons why amino acids likely do so as well. We then explain how the conformational constraints and altered chemical environment due to binding of the components to the membrane could facilitate the formation of nucleosides, oligonucleotides and peptides. We conclude by discussing how the resulting oligomers, even if short and random, could have increased vesicle stability and growth more than their building blocks did, and how competition among these vesicles could have led to longer polymers with complex functions.
On the Mechanism of Microwave Flash Sintering of Ceramics
Authors: Bykov Yury , Egorov Sergei , Eremeev Anatoly , Kholoptsev Vladislav , Plotnikov Ivan , Rybakov Kirill , Sorokin Andrei
Published: August 2016

The results of a study of ultra-rapid (flash) sintering of oxide ceramic materials under microwave heating with high absorbed power per unit volume of material (10–500 W/cm3) are presented. Ceramic samples of various compositions—Al2O3; Y2O3; MgAl2O4; and Yb(LaO)2O3—were sintered using a 24 GHz gyrotron system to a density above 0.98–0.99 of the theoretical value in 0.5–5 min without isothermal hold. An analysis of the experimental data (microwave power; heating and cooling rates) along with microstructure characterization provided an insight into the mechanism of flash sintering. Flash sintering occurs when the processing conditions—including the temperature of the sample; the properties of thermal insulation; and the intensity of microwave radiation—facilitate the development of thermal runaway due to an Arrhenius-type dependency of the material’s effective conductivity on temperature. The proper control over the thermal runaway effect is provided by fast regulation of the microwave power. The elevated concentration of defects and impurities in the boundary regions of the grains leads to localized preferential absorption of microwave radiation and results in grain boundary softening/pre-melting. The rapid densification of the granular medium with a reduced viscosity of the grain boundary phase occurs via rotation and sliding of the grains which accommodate their shape due to fast diffusion mass transport through the (quasi-)liquid phase. The same mechanism based on a thermal runaway under volumetric heating can be relevant for the effect of flash sintering of various oxide ceramics under a dc/ac voltage applied to the sample.
Resiniferatoxin: The Evolution of the “Molecular Scalpel” for Chronic Pain Relief
Authors: Brown Dorothy
Published: August 2016

Control of chronic pain is frequently inadequate or can be associated with debilitating side effects. Ablation of certain nociceptive neurons, while retaining all other sensory modalities and motor function, represents a new therapeutic approach to controlling severe pain while avoiding off-target side effects. transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is a calcium permeable nonselective cation channel expressed on the peripheral and central terminals of small-diameter sensory neurons. Highly selective chemoablation of TRPV1-containing peripheral nerve endings, or the entire TRPV1-expressing neuron itself, can be used to control chronic pain. Administration of the potent TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX) to neuronal perikarya or nerve terminals induces calcium cytotoxicity and selective lesioning of the TRPV1-expressing nociceptive primary afferent population. This selective neuroablation has been coined “molecular neurosurgery” and has the advantage of sparing motor, proprioceptive, and other somatosensory functions that are so important for coordinated movement, performing activities of daily living, and maintaining quality of life. This review examines the mechanisms and preclinical data underlying the therapeutic use of RTX and examples of such use for the management of chronic pain in clinical veterinary and human pain states.
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Structures by Near-Surface Mounting Method
Authors: Parvin Azadeh , Syed Shah Taqiuddin
Published: August 2016

This paper provides a critical review of recent studies on strengthening of reinforced concrete and unreinforced masonry (URM) structures by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) through near-surface mounting (NSM) method. The use of NSM-FRP has been on the rise, mainly due to composite materials’ high strength and stiffness, non-corrosive nature and ease of installation. Experimental investigations presented in this review have confirmed the benefits associated with NSM-FRP for flexural and shear strengthening of RC and URM structures. The use of prestressing and anchorage systems to further improve NSM-FRP strain utilization and changes in failure modes has also been presented. Bond behavior of NSM-FRP-concrete or masonry interface, which is a key factor in increasing the load capacity of RC and URM structures has been briefly explored. Presented studies related to the effect of temperature on the bond performance of NSM-FRP strengthened systems with various insulations and adhesive types, show better performance than externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) FRP retrofitting. In summary, the presented literature review provides an insight into the ongoing research on the use of NSM-FRP for strengthening of structural members and the trends for future research in this area.
Crystallization in Emulsions: A Thermo-Optical Method to Determine Single Crystallization Events in Droplet Clusters
Authors: Abramov Serghei , Ruppik Patrick , Schuchmann Heike
Published: August 2016

Delivery systems with a solid dispersed phase can be produced in a melt emulsification process. For this, dispersed particles are melted, disrupted, and crystallized in a liquid continuous phase (melt emulsification). Different to bulk crystallization, droplets in oil-in-water emulsions show individual crystallization behavior, which differs from droplet to droplet. Therefore, emulsion droplets may form liquid, amorphous, and crystalline structures during the crystallization process. The resulting particle size, shape, and physical state influence the application properties of these colloidal systems and have to be known in formulation research. To characterize crystallization behavior of single droplets in micro emulsions (range 1 µm to several hundred µm), a direct thermo-optical method was developed. It allows simultaneous determination of size, size distribution, and morphology of single droplets within droplet clusters. As it is also possible to differentiate between liquid, amorphous, and crystalline structures, we introduce a crystallization index, CIi, in dispersions with a crystalline dispersed phase. Application of the thermo-optical approach on hexadecane-in-water model emulsion showed the ability of the method to detect single crystallization events of droplets within emulsion clusters, providing detailed information about crystallization processes in dispersions.
What Do We Know about How Hantaviruses Interact with Their Different Hosts?
Authors: Ermonval Myriam , Baychelier Florence , Tordo Noël
Published: August 2016

Hantaviruses, like other members of the Bunyaviridae family, are emerging viruses that are able to cause hemorrhagic fevers. Occasional transmission to humans is due to inhalation of contaminated aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. Hantaviruses are asymptomatic in their rodent or insectivore natural hosts with which they have co-evolved for millions of years. In contrast, hantaviruses cause different pathologies in humans with varying mortality rates, depending on the hantavirus species and its geographic origin. Cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have been reported in Europe and Asia, while hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndromes (HCPS) are observed in the Americas. In some cases, diseases caused by Old World hantaviruses exhibit HCPS-like symptoms. Although the etiologic agents of HFRS were identified in the early 1980s, the way hantaviruses interact with their different hosts still remains elusive. What are the entry receptors? How do hantaviruses propagate in the organism and how do they cope with the immune system? This review summarizes recent data documenting interactions established by pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses with their natural or human hosts that could highlight their different outcomes.
Induction of Multidrug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Cocultured Stromal Cells via Upregulation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Ping , Jin Qing , Fu Qiang , You Peidong , Jiang Xi , Yuan Qin , Huang Huifang
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in multidrug resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells induced by cocultured stromal cells. Human AML cell lines HL-60 and U937 were adhesion cocultured with human bone marrow stromal cell line HS-5 cells.
Such coculturing induced HL-60 and U937 cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs including daunorubicin (DNR), homoharringtonine (HHT), and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The coculturing-induced resistance of AML cells to DNR, HHT, and Ara-C can be partially reversed by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt
signaling pathway. Clinically, AML patients with a low level of PTEN and a high level of CCND1 had high relapse rates within 1 year, and newly diagnosed AML patients with extramedullary infiltration had a low level of PTEN. This study confirms the involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
in multidrug resistance in AML cells induced by stroma and suggests that the expression of PTEN and CCND1 may be a prognostic indicator for AML.
Knockdown of Histone Methyltransferase hSETD1A Inhibits Progression, Migration, and Invasion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Xin-sheng , Sun Shi-bo , Zhong Feng , He Kun , Zhou Jie
Published: August 2016

Our aim was to study the expression of human SET domain containing protein 1A (hSETD1A) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and its relationship with human hepatocellular carcinoma cell function. A total of 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled in this study. The
expression of hSETD1A was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The immortalized normal human liver cell line including SMMC-7721 was subjected to real-time PCR for hSETD1A mRNA. Furthermore, hSETD1A-small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down hSETD1A
expression in SMMC-7721 cells. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell migration were determined by CCK8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. The positive expression rate level of hSETD1A mRNA and protein in liver carcinoma tissues was 73.33%. hSETD1A knockdown using a specific hSETD1A-shRNA
inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. It was also found that downregulation of hSETD1A inhibited cell migration ability but did not affect cell invasion. In conclusion, the expression of hSETD1A occurs at a high rate in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
The expression state of hSETD1A may be a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma.
TIPE2 Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Activation and EMT in Glioma Cells
Authors: Liu Zhi-jun , Liu Hong-lin , Zhou Hai-cun , Wang Gui-cong
Published: August 2016

Hypoxia-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could facilitate tumor progression. TIPE2, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 8-like 2 (also known as TNFAIP8L2), is a member of the TNF-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8, TIPE) family and has been
involved in the development and progression of several tumors. However, the effects of TIPE2 on the EMT process in glioma cells and the underlying mechanisms of these effects have not been previously reported. In our study, we assessed the roles of TIPE2 in the EMT process in glioma cells
in response to hypoxia. Our results indicated that TIPE2 expression was significantly decreased in human glioma cell lines. TIPE2 overexpression significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced migration and invasion, as well as suppressed the EMT process in glioma cells. Furthermore, TIPE2 overexpression
prevented hypoxia-induced expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc in human glioma cells. In summary, these data suggest that TIPE2 overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and EMT in glioma cells.
A flow reactor setup for photochemistry of biphasic gas/liquid reactions
Authors: Schachtner Josef , Bayer Patrick , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: August 2016

A home-built microreactor system for light-mediated biphasic gas/liquid reactions was assembled from simple commercial components. This paper describes in full detail the nature and function of the required building elements, the assembly of parts, and the tuning and interdependencies of the most important reactor and reaction parameters. Unlike many commercial thin-film and microchannel reactors, the described set-up operates residence times of up to 30 min which cover the typical rates of many organic reactions. The tubular microreactor was successfully applied to the photooxygenation of hydrocarbons (Schenck ene reaction). Major emphasis was laid on the realization of a constant and highly reproducible gas/liquid slug flow and the effective illumination by an appropriate light source. The optimized set of conditions enabled the shortening of reaction times by more than 99% with equal chemoselectivities. The modular home-made flow reactor can serve as a prototype model for the continuous operation of various other reactions at light/liquid/gas interfaces in student, research, and industrial laboratories.
THE SEARCH FOR Hi EMISSION AT z ≈ 0.4 IN GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED GALAXIES WITH THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE
Authors: Hunt L. R. , Pisano D. J. , Edel S.
Published: August 2016

Neutral hydrogen (Hi) provides a very important fuel for star formation, but is difficult to detect at high redshift due to weak emission, limited sensitivity of modern instruments, and terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI) at low frequencies. We report the first attempt to use gravitational lensing to detect Hi line emission from three gravitationally lensed galaxies behind the cluster Abell 773, two at redshifts of 0.398 and one at z = 0.487, using the Green Bank Telescope. We find that a 3σ upper limit for a galaxy with a rotation velocity of 200 km s−1 is M
H i
= 6.58 × 109 and 1.5 × 1010
M
⊙ at z = 0.398 and z = 0.487. The estimated Hi masses of the sources at z = 0.398 and z = 0.487 are factors of 3.7 and ∼30 times lower than our detection limits at the respective redshifts. To facilitate these observations we have used sigma-clipping to remove both narrow- and wideband RFI but retain the signal from the source. We are able to reduce the noise of the spectrum by ∼25% using our routine instead of discarding observations with too much RFI. The routine is most effective when ∼10% of the integrations or fewer contain RFI. These techniques can be used to study Hi in highly magnified distant galaxies that are otherwise too faint to detect.
AN ACHROMATIC BREAK IN THE AFTERGLOW OF THE SHORT GRB 140903A: EVIDENCE FOR A NARROW JET
Authors: Troja E. , Sakamoto T. , Cenko S. B. , Lien A. , Gehrels N. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Ricci R. , Capone J. , Toy V. , Kutyrev A. , Kawai N. , Cucchiara A. , Fruchter A. , Gorosabel J. , Jeong S. , Levan A. , Perley D. , Sanchez-Ramirez R. , Tanvir N. , Veilleux S.
Published: August 2016

We report the results of our observing campaign on GRB 140903A, a nearby (z = 0.351) short-duration (T
90 ∼ 0.3 s) gamma-ray burst discovered by Swift. We monitored the X-ray afterglow with Chandra up to 15 days after the burst and detected a steeper decay of the X-ray flux after t

j
≈ 1 day. Continued monitoring at optical and radio wavelengths showed a similar decay in flux at nearly the same time, and we interpret it as evidence of a narrowly collimated jet. By using the standard fireball model to describe the afterglow evolution, we derive a jet opening angle θ

j
≈ 5° and a collimation-corrected total energy release E ≈ 2 

erg. We further discuss the nature of the GRB progenitor system. Three main lines disfavor a massive star progenitor: the properties of the prompt gamma-ray emission, the age and low star formation rate of the host galaxy, and the lack of a bright supernova. We conclude that this event likely originated from a compact binary merger.
QUASARS AS A TRACER OF LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURES IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE
Authors: Song Hyunmi , Park Changbom , Lietzen Heidi , Einasto Maret
Published: August 2016

We study the dependence of the number density and properties of quasars on the background galaxy density using the currently largest spectroscopic data sets of quasars and galaxies. We construct a galaxy number density field smoothed over the variable smoothing scale of between approximately 10 and 20 h
−1 Mpc over the redshift range 0.46 < z < 0.59 using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 12 (DR12) Constant MASS galaxies. The quasar sample is prepared from the SDSS-I/II DR7. We examine the correlation of incidence of quasars with the large-scale background density and the dependence of quasar properties such as bolometric luminosity, black hole mass, and Eddington ratio on the large-scale density. We find a monotonic correlation between the quasar number density and large-scale galaxy number density, which is fitted well with a power-law relation,

. We detect weak dependences of quasar properties on the large-scale density such as a positive correlation between black hole mass and density, and a negative correlation between luminosity and density. We discuss the possibility of using quasars as a tracer of large-scale structures at high redshifts, which may be useful for studies of the growth of structures in the high-redshift universe.
EVOLUTION OF DWARF SPHEROIDAL SATELLITES IN THE COMMON SURFACE-DENSITY DARK HALOS
Authors: Okayasu Yusuke , Chiba Masashi
Published: August 2016

We investigate the growth histories of dark matter halos associated with dwarf satellites in Local Group galaxies and the resultant evolution of the baryonic component. Our model is based on the recently proposed property that the mean surface density of a dark halo inside a radius at maximum circular velocity

is universal over a large range of

. Given that a surface density of 20 M
⊙ pc−2 well explains dwarf satellites in the Milky Way and Andromeda, we find that the evolution of the dark halo in this common surface-density scale is characterized by the rapid increase of the halo mass assembled by the redshift

of the tidal truncation by its host halo, at early epochs of

or

km s−1. This mass growth of the halo is slow at lower

or larger

. Taking into account the baryon content in this dark halo evolution, under the influence of the ionizing background radiation, we find that the dwarf satellites are divided into roughly two families: those with

km s−1 having high star formation efficiency and those with larger

having less efficient star formation. This semianalytical model is in agreement with the high-resolution numerical simulation for galaxy formation and with the observed star formation histories for Fornax and Leo II. This suggests that the evolution of a dark halo may play a key role in understanding star formation histories in dwarf satellites.
SHOCKED POSTSTARBURST GALAXY SURVEY. II. THE MOLECULAR GAS CONTENT AND PROPERTIES OF A SUBSET OF SPOGs
Authors: Alatalo Katherine , Lisenfeld Ute , Lanz Lauranne , Appleton Philip N. , Ardila Felipe , Cales Sabrina L. , Kewley Lisa J. , Lacy Mark , Medling Anne M. , Nyland Kristina , Rich Jeffrey A. , Urry C. Meg
Published: August 2016

We present CO(1–0) observations of objects within the Shocked POststarburst Galaxy Survey taken with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m single dish and the Combined Array for Research for Millimeter Astronomy interferometer. Shocked poststarburst galaxies (SPOGs) represent a transitioning population of galaxies, with deep Balmer absorption

, consistent with an intermediate-age (A-star) stellar population, and ionized gas line ratios inconsistent with pure star formation. The CO(1–0) subsample was selected from SPOGs detected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with 22 μm flux detected at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 3. Of the 52 objects observed in CO(1–0), 47 are detected with S/N > 3. A large fraction (37%–46% ± 7%) of our CO-SPOG sample were visually classified as morphologically disrupted. The H2 masses detected were between

, consistent with the gas masses found in normal galaxies, though approximately an order of magnitude larger than the range seen in poststarburst galaxies. When comparing the 22 μm and CO(1–0) fluxes, SPOGs diverge from the normal star-forming relation, having 22 μm fluxes in excess of the relation by a factor of

, suggestive of the presence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The Na i D characteristics of CO-SPOGs show that it is likely that many of these objects host interstellar winds. Objects with large Na i D enhancements also tend to emit in the radio, suggesting possible AGN driving of neutral winds.
MID-J CO SHOCK TRACING OBSERVATIONS OF INFRARED DARK CLOUDS. III. SLED FITTING
Authors: Pon A. , Kaufman M. J. , Johnstone D. , Caselli P. , Fontani F. , Butler M. J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Palau A. , Tan J. C.
Published: August 2016

Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence that can locally heat small fractions of gas to over 100 K. We run shock models for low-velocity, C-type shocks propagating into gas with densities between 103 and 105 cm−3 and find that CO lines are the most important cooling lines. Comparison to photodissociation region (PDR) models indicates that mid-J CO lines (J = 8 

 7 and higher) should be dominated by emission from shocked gas. In Papers I and II we presented CO J = 3 

 2, 8 

 7, and 9 

 8 observations toward four primarily quiescent clumps within infrared dark clouds. Here we fit PDR models to the combined spectral line energy distributions and show that the PDR models that best fit the low-J CO emission underpredict the mid-J CO emission by orders of magnitude, strongly hinting at a hot gas component within these clumps. The low-J CO data clearly show that the integrated intensities of both the CO J = 8 

 7 and 9 

 8 lines are anomalously high, such that the line ratio can be used to characterize the hot gas component. Shock models are reasonably consistent with the observed mid-J CO emission, with models with densities near

cm−3 providing the best agreement. Where this mid-J CO is detected, the mean volume filling factor of the hot gas is 0.1%. Much of the observed mid-J CO emission, however, is also associated with known protostars and may be due to protostellar feedback.
A WISE CENSUS OF YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN CANIS MAJOR
Authors: Fischer William J. , Padgett Deborah L. , Stapelfeldt Karl L. , Sewiło Marta
Published: August 2016

With the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we searched for young stellar objects (YSOs) in a 100 deg2 region centered on the lightly studied Canis Major star-forming region. Applying stringent magnitude cuts to exclude the majority of extragalactic contaminants, we find 144 Class I candidates and 335 Class II candidates. The sensitivity to Class II candidates is limited by their faintness at the distance to Canis Major (assumed as 1000 pc). More than half the candidates (53%) are found in 16 groups of more than four members, including four groups with more than 25 members each. The ratio of Class II to Class I objects, N
II/N
I, varies from 0.4 to 8.3 in just the largest four groups. We compare our results to those obtainable with combined Two Micron All Sky Survey and post-cryogenic Spitzer Space Telescope data; the latter approach recovers missing Class II sources. Via a comparison to protostars characterized with the Herschel Space Observatory, we propose new WISE color criteria for flat-spectrum and Class 0 protostars, finding 80 and 7 of these, respectively. The distribution of YSOs in CMa OB1 is consistent with supernova-induced star formation, although the diverse N
II/N
I ratios are unexpected if this parameter traces age and the YSOs are due to the same supernova. Less massive clouds feature larger N
II/N
I ratios, suggesting that initial conditions play a role in determining this quantity.
THE INFLOW SIGNATURE TOWARD DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONARY PHASES OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION
Authors: Jin Miwha , Lee Jeong-Eun , Kim Kee-Tae , Evans II Neal J.
Published: August 2016

We analyze both HCN J = 1–0 and HNC J = 1–0 line profiles to study the inflow motions in different evolutionary stages of massive star formation: 54 infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), 69 high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs), and 54 ultra-compact H ii regions (UCHIIs). Inflow asymmetry in the HCN spectra seems to be prevalent throughout all the three evolutionary phases, with IRDCs showing the largest excess in the blue profile. In the case of the HNC spectra, the prevalence of blue sources does not appear, apart from for IRDCs. We suggest that this line is not appropriate to trace the inflow motion in the evolved stages of massive star formation, because the abundance of HNC decreases at high temperatures. This result highlights the importance of considering chemistry in dynamics studies of massive star-forming regions. The fact that the IRDCs show the highest blue excess in both transitions indicates that the most active inflow occurs in the early phase of star formation, i.e., in the IRDC phase rather than in the later phases. However, mass is still inflowing onto some UCHIIs. We also find that the absorption dips of the HNC spectra in six out of seven blue sources are redshifted relative to their systemic velocities. These redshifted absorption dips may indicate global collapse candidates, although mapping observations with better resolution are needed to examine this feature in more detail.
AN EXTENSION OF THE ATHENA++ CODE FRAMEWORK FOR GRMHD BASED ON ADVANCED RIEMANN SOLVERS AND STAGGERED-MESH CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT
Authors: White Christopher J. , Stone James M. , Gammie Charles F.
Published: August 2016

We present a new general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) code integrated into the Athena++ framework. Improving upon the techniques used in most GRMHD codes, ours allows the use of advanced, less diffusive Riemann solvers, in particular HLLC and HLLD. We also employ a staggered-mesh constrained transport algorithm suited for curvilinear coordinate systems in order to maintain the divergence-free constraint of the magnetic field. Our code is designed to work with arbitrary stationary spacetimes in one, two, or three dimensions, and we demonstrate its reliability through a number of tests. We also report on its promising performance and scalability.
NUGRID STELLAR DATA SET. I. STELLAR YIELDS FROM H TO BI FOR STARS WITH METALLICITIES Z = 0.02 and Z = 0.01
Authors: Pignatari M. , Herwig F. , Hirschi R. , Bennett M. , Rockefeller G. , Fryer C. , Timmes F. X. , Ritter C. , Heger A. , Jones S. , Battino U. , Dotter A. , Trappitsch R. , Diehl S. , Frischknecht U. , Hungerford A. , Magkotsios G. , Travaglio C. , Young P.
Published: August 2016

We provide a set of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis calculations that applies established physics assumptions simultaneously to low- and intermediate-mass and massive star models. Our goal is to provide an internally consistent and comprehensive nuclear production and yield database for applications in areas such as presolar grain studies. Our non-rotating models assume convective boundary mixing (CBM) where it has been adopted before. We include 8 (12) initial masses for Z = 0.01 (0.02). Models are followed either until the end of the asymptotic giant branch phase or the end of Si burning, complemented by simple analytic core-collapse supernova (SN) models with two options for fallback and shock velocities. The explosions show which pre-SN yields will most strongly be effected by the explosive nucleosynthesis. We discuss how these two explosion parameters impact the light elements and the s and p process. For low- and intermediate-mass models, our stellar yields from H to Bi include the effect of CBM at the He-intershell boundaries and the stellar evolution feedback of the mixing process that produces the

pocket. All post-processing nucleosynthesis calculations use the same nuclear reaction rate network and nuclear physics input. We provide a discussion of the nuclear production across the entire mass range organized by element group. The entirety of our stellar nucleosynthesis profile and time evolution output are available electronically, and tools to explore the data on the NuGrid VOspace hosted by the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre are introduced.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE FRACTIONS OF QUIESCENT AND STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AS A FUNCTION OF STELLAR MASS SINCE z = 3: INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF MASSIVE, DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE
Authors: Martis Nicholas S. , Marchesini Danilo , Brammer Gabriel B. , Muzzin Adam , Labbé Ivo , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Skelton Rosalind E. , Stefanon Mauro , Dokkum Pieter G. van , Whitaker Katherine E.
Published: August 2016

Using the UltraVISTA DR1 and 3D-HST catalogs, we construct a stellar-mass-complete sample, unique for its combination of surveyed volume and depth, to study the evolution of the fractions of quiescent galaxies, moderately unobscured star-forming galaxies, and dusty star-forming galaxies as a function of stellar mass over the redshift interval 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 3.0. We show that the role of dusty star-forming galaxies within the overall galaxy population becomes more important with increasing stellar mass and grows rapidly with increasing redshift. Specifically, dusty star-forming galaxies dominate the galaxy population with

log
(

M

star

/

M

⊙

)
≳
10.3

at z ≳ 2. The ratio of dusty and non-dusty star-forming galaxies as a function of stellar mass changes little with redshift. Dusty star-forming galaxies dominate the star-forming population at

log
(

M

star

/

M

⊙

)
≳
10.0
–
10.5

, being a factor of ∼3–5 more common, while unobscured star-forming galaxies dominate at

log
(

M

star

/

M

⊙

)
≲
10

. At

log
(

M

star

/

M

⊙

)
>
10.5

, red galaxies dominate the galaxy population at all redshift z < 3, either because they are quiescent (at late times) or dusty star-forming (in the early universe).
Faut-il en finir avec les stéréotypes de sexe ? Revue de questions critique sur les études psychosociales des relations entre sexes
Authors: Manuel Tostain
Published: August 2016

L’auteur examine une tendance, dominante en psychologie sociale des relations entre sexes, à se focaliser sur les stéréotypes de sexe dont seraient victimes les individus, et à privilégier une lecture en termes de domination masculine pour en rendre compte. À travers une analyse critique de travaux très connus dans ce champ d’étude, nous nous attachons à montrer que cette orientation s’associe le plus souvent à une surestimation de l’impact des stéréotypes de sexe et conduit à une vision partielle, voire partiale, des dynamiques entre sexes. Nous souhaitons, par cette revue de question, contribuer à un débat sur la manière problématique dont souvent, selon nous, la psychologie sociale, envisage les relations entre sexes.
Influence du monde relationnel interne dans le lien entre la dépendance et l’automutilation
Authors: Sacha Daelman , Jean Gagnon
Published: August 2016

Les écrits actuels montrent que la dépendance relationnelle est associée à l’automutilation. Toutefois, peu de choses sont connues sur la nature de cette relation. À travers les modèles des fonctions de l’automutilation, de l’attachement et des relations d’objet, les auteurs de cet article tentent d’explorer les facteurs psychologiques qui pousseraient certaines personnes dépendantes à s’automutiler. En plus des fonctions de régulation émotionnelle, d’autopunition et d’influence interpersonnelle, il est suggéré que l’automutilation permettrait l’évitement de l’autonomie, ce qui rétablirait les relations objectales de dépendance clivées et, du même coup, réduirait les émotions négatives liées au sentiment d’abandon. Des propositions cliniques et des pistes de recherche sont aussi discutées.
L’Empire romain, un défi politico-religieux pour le judaïsme antique
Authors: Berthelot Katell
Published: August 2016

Le peuple d’Israël fut confronté à de nombreux empires au cours de son histoire, mais Katell Berthelot * considère que l’Empire romain représenta un défi particulier pour la pensée juive. Non seulement les défaites se multiplièrent face à Rome, mais la destruction du temple et de Jérusalem s’accompagna de la fondation d’une colonie romaine, Aelia Capitolina , en lieu et place de Jérusalem, suggérant ainsi que Rome se substituait à Israël. Si l’Empire romain représenta une gageure pour le peuple juif, c’est aussi parce que la politique impérialiste de Rome fut avant tout menée au nom du peuple romain et de son destin exceptionnel, et que le choix de Rome par les dieux comme la mission qui lui était dévolue pouvaient, dans une perspective juive, apparaître comme paradoxalement semblables à l’élection et à la vocation d’Israël.
L’apologétique tillichienne et la crise du religieux (1913-1951)
Authors: Mathot Benoit
Published: August 2016

La notion d’apologétique traverse toute l’œuvre théologique de Paul Tillich. D’abord envisagée sous l’angle de l’attaque , cette notion va ensuite évoluer pour être comprise comme une réponse aux questions et aux interpellations adressées à la théologie. Benoit Mathot * suit l’évolution historique de l’apologétique, des premiers écrits de Tillich (1913) à son premier enseignement allemand (1919-1933), jusqu’à sa grande œuvre américaine de théologie systématique (1951). Au cours de cette étude, il montre aussi de quelle manière la position tillichienne a toujours cherché à se distancier de la position barthienne.