bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People, Pets, and Parasites: One Health Surveillance in Southeastern Saskatchewan
Authors: Schurer Janna M. , Ndao Momar , Quewezance Helen , Elmore Stacey A. , Jenkins Emily J.
Published: March 2014

Residents of remote and Indigenous communities might experience higher exposure to some zoonotic parasites than the general North American population. Human sero-surveillance conducted in two Saulteaux communities found 113 volunteers exposed as follows: Trichinella (2.7%), Toxocara canis (4.4%), Echinococcus (4.4%), and Toxoplasma gondii (1.8%). In dogs, 41% of 51 fecal samples were positive for at least one intestinal parasite, 3% of 77 were sero-positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, and 21% of 78 for T. gondii. Echinococcus exposure was more likely to occur in non-dog owners (odds ratio [OR]: 11.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–107, P = 0.03); while T. canis was more likely to occur in children (ages 4–17) (OR: 49, 95% CI: 3.9–624; P = 0.003), and those with a history of dog bites (OR: 13.5, 95% CI: 1.02–179; P = 0.048). Our results emphasize the use of dogs as sentinels for emerging pathogens such as Lyme disease, and the need for targeted surveillance and intervention programs tailored for parasite species, cultural groups, and communities.
Gestão estratégica em instituições de ensino superior: mapeamento das publicações científicas no período de 1997 a 2012
Authors: Matos Osvair Almeida , Venâncio Daniella Macedo , Dutra Ademar
Published: March 2014

Este artigo analisou a produção científica sobre a gestão estratégica em Instituições de Ensino Superior publicada nos anais dos eventos acadêmicos da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação em Administração (ANPAD) e na base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) no período de 1997 a 2012. Neste sentido, foram identificados e analisados os seguintes indicadores bibliométricos: (i) distribuição por artigos pesquisados, (ii) amostra selecionada, (iii) fonte de coleta, (iv) palavras-chave, (v) ano de publicação, (vi) autores mais prolíficos, (vii) instituições mais prolíficas e (viii) estado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, cuja abordagem é descritiva, envolvendo análise documental e abordagem quantitativa. A amostra compõe-se de 175 artigos, que, após a aplicação dos procedimentos de análise, resultou em 18 publicações selecionadas. Concluiu-se com este trabalho que doze (12) artigos foram localizados na base de dados da ANPAD e seis (6) na SciELO, sendo que 50% das publicações aconteceram no período de 2010 a 2012, por isso infere-se que se trata de um tema novo. Constatou-se também que as Universidades PUC/RS, PUC/PR e UFPR são as mais prolíficas, com 33% das publicações, e que 61% dos artigos estão publicados nos Estados do Paraná, do Rio Grande do Sul e de São Paulo.
Orçamento por desempenho: uma análise da relação entre desempenho e alocação de recursos em ações no orçamento de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior
Authors: Lyrio Maurício Vasconcellos Leão , Melo Verônica de Souza , Codesso Maurício Mello , Lunkes Rogério João
Published: March 2014

O presente artigo se insere no contexto da discussão sobre a alocação de recursos públicos, especificamente no âmbito de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior – IFES – que nesse caso se configura como objeto de estudo. A partir de uma inquietação por parte dos autores em relação à utilização das informações sobre o desempenho no planejamento orçamentário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC busca responder à seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Existe correlação positiva entre o desempenho alcançado nos indicadores e os recursos alocados às ações orçamentárias no âmbito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina? Para o alcance de seu objetivo, os autores seguem uma corrente de pesquisa que surge de forma alinhada ao movimento por resultados iniciado com a crise fiscal dos anos de 1980, a saber, Performance-based Budgeting – PBB - ou orçamento por resultados ou desempenho. No que tange à metodologia o estudo se configura como descritivo, adotando uma abordagem quantitativa e utilizando-se de estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Os resultados demonstraram fraca correlação entre o desempenho das ações do orçamento da instituição analisada e os recursos alocados a essas ações.
A inteligência distribuída como plataforma para o planejamento em universidade multicampi: estudo de caso sobre inovação em gestão
Authors: Panizzon Mateus , Fachinelli Ana Cristina , Dorion Eric Charles Henri
Published: March 2014

A implantação de uma plataforma informatizada para a inteligência distribuída alinhada a uma metodologia institucional de planejamento possibilita uma mudança na organização, e pode, portanto, ser observada sob o ponto de vista da inovação em gestão. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso descritivo sobre a inteligência distribuída como plataforma para o planejamento em uma instituição de ensino superior. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a implantação realizou transformações organizacionais, dinamizando o processo de planejamento institucional. Efetivamente, a adoção de tecnologia de informação sincronizada com uma metodologia de gestão estratégia ocasionou uma inovação em gestão no contexto pesquisado.
Perfil metodológico da produção científica no Colóquio Internacional sobre Gestão Universitária nas Américas
Authors: Freitas Alair Ferreira de , Costa Danilo de Melo , Ckagnazaroff Ivan Beck , Barbosa Francisco Vidal
Published: March 2014

A educação superior é um dos principais pilares para as nações buscarem o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a capacitação da população. Por este motivo, torna-se cada vez mais frequente o debate em prol de uma gestão universitária eficiênte. Sendo o Colóquio Internacional sobre Gestão Universitária nas Américas um dos principais eventos para a comunicação científica na área, o presente artigo objetiva identificar as abordagens metodológicas da produção científica dos eventos, traçando um perfil metodológico dos artigos. Para tanto, analisou-se 293 artigos científicos divididos em nove eventos (Colóquio I ao IX). Os dados coletados foram divididos nas seguintes categorias: Pesquisa Científica, Caracterização do estudo, Abordagem, Método de Pesquisa, Coleta de Dados e Análise de Dados. Os resultados demonstram uma evolução no rigor metodológico dos artigos com o passar dos anos, mas sinalizou a necessidade de se expandir os tipos de métodos utilizados. Finalmente, demonstrou-se que o Colóquio Internacional sobre Gestão Universitária nas Américas é um evento que atingiu um alto nível de maturidade e está pronto para receber as mais diversas contribuições metodológicas para ampliação dos estudos na importante área da gestão universitária.
Mestrados profissionais em Administração, Contabilidade e Turismo no Brasil e seu processo de avaliação
Authors: Alperstedt Graziela Dias , Bulgacov Sérgio , Pereira Filipe Ivo , Do Valle Luciana Ribeiro
Published: March 2014

Esse trabalho se propôs a analisar o atual sistema de avaliação da Capes para os cursos de mestrado profissional em Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo no Brasil a partir dos próprios professores e coordenadores. O trabalho se alicerça nos fundamentos sobre os mestrados profissionais no Brasil e sobre o processo de avaliação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um survey eletrônico aplicado junto aos gestores e aos professores dos cursos de mestrado profissional em administração, contabilidade e turismo no Brasil. O artigo apresenta os resultados da análise quantitativa realizada a partir da estatística descritiva e do cruzamento de dados e revela que, apesar das críticas e da necessidade de mudança, a comunidade acadêmica ainda não possui respostas e soluções para mudar a avaliação dos mestrados profissionais. O trabalho oferece reflexões e sugestões aos responsáveis pelo processo.
Een nieuw verhaal - auctoritas en kennistransfer in de vroegmoderne geneeskunde
Authors: Noak Bettina
Published: March 2014

The central issue in this article is a specific aspect of the relationship between literature and natural science in early modern times. It examines how the perception of natural phenomena is directed by parsing texts and how the discovery of certain structures found in nature influence early modern manners of reading and writing. In order to analyse this coherence, three problems are discussed: the relation between &I;auctoritas and autopsie (autopsy) in early modern times and its influence on the practice of science, its ensuing aesthetic manners of reading in the ‘Boek der Natuur’ (Book of Nature) by Dutch, seventeenth century scientists, and the change in the auctoritas concept under the influence of cartesianism from the mid-seventeenth century onwards. Specific attention is paid to medical texts since, in this genre in particular, the correlation between rhetorical techniques and knowledge acquisition plays a crucial role.
De kerk als een slagroomtaart. Een multimodale vertaalanalyse van veranderende kindbeelden in de Zweedse vertaling van Nijntje in de sneeuw
Authors: van Meerbergen Sara
Published: March 2014

This article deals with the Swedish translation (1968/1998) of the Dutch picture book Nijntje in de sneeuw (‘Nijntje in the snow’) by Dick Bruna (1963). Working within descriptive translation studies, I analyse how the translated text is influenced and manipulated by sociocultural and literary norms in the target culture. Specific focus is on the way in which child images are expressed through words and pictures in the picture book text and how child images consequently change in translation. In order to analyse how both words and pictures create meaning in the source text (ST) and target text (TT), I use a multimodal text analysis as proposed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). As multimodal text analysis has not been widely used within translation studies (and to the knowledge of the author not so much in Dutch text research either), this article also presents some methodological considerations. The outcome of the multimodal translation analysis shows that while Nijntje (Miffy) visually stands as an international icon, this visual image is combined with different child images in the written text components of the ST and TT. The analysis also shows that pictures are used in different ways and can acquire different potential meanings in ST and TT.
Dertig jaar Bourdieu in de neerlandistiek (1980-2010) - Een kwantitatieve verkenning
Authors: Joosten Jos
Published: March 2014

There is no doubt that the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) has had an influence on the academic study of Dutch literature over the last three decades. An interesting question, however, is: to what extent? Some scholars state that Bourdieu is the most important recent foreign influence on Dutch literary studies, while others consider him and his works (very much) overestimated. In this article, an attempt is made to quantify Bourdieu’s influence by presenting a statistical overview of his work in translation in general and, more particularly, by counting and analyzing the mentions of Bourdieu’s works in journals and other texts since his first appearance in Dutch in 1980. Indeed, Bourdieu turns out to have had, also numerically, a considerable number of citations. Nevertheless it remains difficult to draw final conclusions on this quantitative analysis alone. In further research the comparison with the number of citations of other prominent foreign thinkers in Dutch literary stud„ies should be taken into consideration, and a more substantial qualitative analy„sis should be performed, as well as the role played by ‘intellectual rumour’, as Bourdieu himself called it.
Het verval van het pronomen du - Dialectgeografie en de historische syntaxis
Authors: Postma Gertjan
Published: March 2014

From the 16th century onward, the 2nd person singular pronoun du ‘you’ has been replaced by new pronouns gij/jij/jii in many Dutch dialects. The standard explanation attributes the decline to the emerging honorific plural pronouns such as gij in singular use. However, this sociological explanation lacks predictive power: French, German and Frisian honorifics (vous, Sie, jo) did not cause disappearance of tu/du/dou, nor did they do so in various dialects in the Netherlands. Alternatively, language internal triggers have been proposed that situate the trigger in the verbal inflection, e.g. ‘deflection’. These proposals, however, suffer from similar defects. In this study the problem is approached with dialect geographic tools using the GTRP dialect database. A significant correlation is found between the disappearance of du and the rise of double present tense paradigms (direct and inverted). It is found that Zwart’s result of distinct spell-out of V in direct and inverted contexts is paralleled in pronoun spell-out: those dialects that do not have distinct verbal spell-out show distinct pronoun spell-out in direct and inverted contexts. By formulating position dependent spell-out rules, it can be shown that the transition of one dialect type to the other can be held responsible for the loss of the pronoun specific to specCP (du).
De binaire kracht van Te Winkels tempussysteem
Authors: Verkuyl Henk
Published: March 2014

The present paper argues for a further exploration of a proposal to analyze the Dutch tense system in terms of binary oppositions rather than ternary, as in the standard approach advocated by Reichenbach (1947). The binary approach was first proposed by Te Winkel (1857; 1866). In a modernized version, the binary system turns out to evade a lot of problems haunting Reichenbachs system which is based on (naïve) physics. Te Winkel takes an interesting mentalistic view that prevents the present from being identified with the floating point of speech. The present is taken as a domain harbouring it. The future tense is robbed from its deictic nature in favour of a more neutral form of posteriority. As to anteriority, the question arises of whether Dutch tense forms with hebben (have) express aspectual information or purely tense information. It will be argued that given a binary approach there is no need for grammatical aspect in languages having developed a tense opposition between imperfect and perfect.
Ditransitieven en het nut van hiërarchische structuur en derivatie
Authors: den Dikken Marcel
Published: March 2014

Calling into question the usefulness of linearly oriented constructional templates, this paper presents a variety of arguments for the significance of syntactic hierarchical structure and, in particular, the concept of ‘small clause’ in the analysis of ditransitive constructions, and underscores the role of a derivational relationship between the two members of the dative alternation (V-NP-PP and V-NP-NP). The double object construction is compared in detail to a superficially very similar V-NP-NP construction in which the second NP is the predicate of the first. The behaviour of verb-particle constructions plays a central role in the discussion, which is broadly based on Den Dikken (1995). The paper closes with some broader remarks about the efficacy of a constructional approach to resultative constructions in general.
Homelessness, wirelessness, and (in)visibility: Critical reflections on the Homeless Hotspots Project and the ensuing online discourse
Authors: Koepfler Jes A. , Mascaro Christopher , Jaeger Paul T.
Published: March 2014

This paper provides a critical reflection on the Homeless Hotspots Project which was unveiled during the 2012 South by Southwest Festival held annually in Austin, Texas in the U.S. The corpus comprised 28 news articles and 1,896 tweets about Homeless Hotspots posted from the launch of the project on 6 March through the height of the debate which diminished by 31 March 2012. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper considers four perspectives that emerged from the data: the social innovator perspective, the technical digerati perspective, the social service organization perspective, and the participant perspective. The paper applies the critical lens of (in)visibility to these perspectives to examine the utopian and dystopian views of the dichotomous infrastructures of homelessness and wirelessness that were brought together and brought to public attention by the Homeless Hotspots Project.
The genus Neopaxillus (Crepidotaceae)
Authors: Watling Roy , Aime M. Catherine
Published: March 2014

Neopaxillus (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota) was formerly placed in the Paxillaceae (Boletales) by Singer. Herein we provide additional evidence that the genus is referable to the Crepidotaceae (Agaricales) and a redescription of N. echinospermus
from recently collected material.
Preventive Effect of Tephrosia Purpurea Against N,N-Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Gnanaraja R. , Prakash Veeru
Published: March 2014

The aim of the present study is to divulge the preventive nature of Tephrosia purpurea Methanolic Extract (TpME) during DiEthylNitrosAmine (DENA) induced liver cancer in male Swiss albino mice. Anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea was evaluated in DENA induced Swiss albino mice at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight orally and both doses were administered for 14 days. After 24 h of the last dose, the mice were sacrificed and antitumor effect of TpME was assessed by evaluating liver serum marker enzyme and haematological parameters. Decrease in Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase, Bilirubin and Total protein count were observed in TpME treated animals when compared to DENA treated animals. Haematological profiles such as haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count reverted to normal level in TpME treated mice. A comparative histopathology study of liver from test group exhibited almost normal architecture, as compared to DENA treated group. The results demonstrated that Tephrosia purpurea methanolic extract at 300 mg/kg dose exhibits significant antitumor activity than 200 mg/kg.
Effect of different levels of raisin waste on performance, nutrients digestibility and protozoal population of Mehraban growing lambs
Authors: Saremi Vahid , Alipour Daryoush , Azarfar Arash , Sedighi Reza
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different inclusion levels of raisin waste (RW) in the diet on the animal performance and ruminal fermentation parameters of growing lambs. Four levels of RW inclusion (i.e., R0, R1, R2 and R3 for 0, 100, 200 and 300 g RW kg-1 dry matter of diet, respectively) were tested. The experimental diets were fed to 24 male lambs (six months old) and six animals were allocated to each treatment. In the first experiment, effects of different levels of RW on the animals’ performance, some rumen parameters and protozoa populations were studied. In the second experiment, the apparent total tract digestibility of diets and nitrogen balance were measured. The highest final body weights were observed for the R2 and R3 diets. The R3 diet had the lowest dry matter intake (1156 vs. 1303 g day-1 for R3 and R0, respectively) and feed conversion rate (6.4 vs. 8.7 for R3 and R0, respectively). Total number of protozoa increased with the addition of RW, but Epidinium spp. completely disappeared with the R3diet. Inclusion of RW at levels higher than 200 g RW kg-1 DM of diet significantly reduced crude protein (p=0.042) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p=0.049). Our findings showed that RW could be included in the diets of growing lambs up to 200 g kg-1 DM without compromising their production performance.
Impactos e influências de Fundos Private Equity e Venture Capital: Evidências dos IPOs no Brasil
Authors: Gianechini Caciano , Decourt Roberto Frota
Published: March 2014

This work seeks to identify the impact of the participation of Private Equity funds and Venture Capital (PE/VC), the performance of companies that owned the contribution prior to the opening of capital (IPO). In a more objective the present study seeks to investigate whether companies that opened capital, financed by PE/VC, have performed better than the other formerly the Brazilian stock market debut. The sample of work consists of 116 companies that made the initial public offering (IPO) in the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) in the period January 2004 to December 2009. First identified that 41 enterprises debuted at BOVESPA being financed by PE/VC funds. Furthermore, the results indicate that the influence of PE/VC funds tend to improve some indices of profitability and market of companies after the IPO. In summary, the evidence found lead to the conclusion that the organizations of private equity and venture capital influence positively the performance of investee companies.
Um retrato bibliométrico da produção científica brasileira sobre Gestão da Tecnologia e da Inovação no período 2001-2011
Authors: De Andrade Júnior Pedro Paulo , Ceranto Fabrício Alexandre Alves
Published: March 2014

The present paper had as objective to map the Brazilian scientific production on Technology and Innovation Management (GTI) in the period 2001-2011, in view of  identifying (i) the total number to published articles, as well as the number in each of the years; (ii, iii, iv and v) journals, authors, institutions and states that have most published articles. This study is justified because literature says that GTI studies may help countries to achieve higher levels of entrepreneurial innovation and technology performance, since these studies are absorbed by the companies and innovation incentive agencies. Thus, knowing how scientific production has been occurring in the country is an aspect of relevance for the governmental agencies that incentive entrepreneurial innovation in the country. This knowledge is also important for researchers, due to several other reasons. The mapping was made through a bibliometric method. The results show that the Brazilian scientific production on GTI is not very large, in terms of number, and it is too concentrated (in terms of institutions and territory), factors that certainly hinder the dissemination and rooting of an innovation culture in Brazil. From the results, it was also possible to verify that in the locations where GTI scientific production is more strongly concentrated the levels of technological, economic and social development are quite higher than the national average, which elucidates the mentioned relevance of the GTI scientific production.
Knowledge Management on the implementation of a CRM Project: A Case Study
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Pedron Cristiane Drebes , Oliveira Mírian
Published: March 2014

Companies face high market demand and to remain competitive they need to invest in the relationship with their customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implies not only a new use of a tool but also a changing of its strategical approach to the market. As seen in previous studies, CRM projects are very likely to fail, however, actions can be taken to help overcome these problems, such as proper knowledge management integration. With this study we are able to answer the following research question: how the company can use knowledge management in a CRM project adoption? In order to answer this question, after a literature review, a case study was conducted. Data collection was carried out through direct observation in the company, with the analysis of documents, and interviews. We can observe that there are a set of knowledge management activities that can help the adoption of CRM projects, even if there is no formal policy for knowledge management in the group or for this specific project. Knowledge sharing is seen as an enabler of better results for CRM projects.
How Can Operators Use TOC Analysis to Improve Water Quality?
Authors: England Erin
Published: March 2014

Total organic carbon (TOC) has a range of applications at a drinking water plant. For example, because of its link to disinfection by‐products (DBPs), TOC has become an important water quality analysis tool in recent years. TOC alone isn't harmful, but its reaction with a disinfectant can produce harmful by‐products.
Critique théâtralisée des esthétiques marchandes
Authors: Lesage Marie-Christine , Cyr Audrey-Anne
Published: March 2014

Cet article traite de Félicité et de Chante avec moi d’Olivier
Choinière, deux oeuvres (l’une dramatique, l’autre scénique) au sein desquelles se
cristallise l’entreprise artistique de ce créateur atypique, laquelle consiste, entre
autres, à effectuer une critique des esthétiques marchandes. La perméabilité des rapports
d’influence entre la réalité et le spectacle est au coeur de ces deux créations, dont la
forme est inspirée par la pensée de Guy Debord. L’importance accordée au rôle et à la
position du spectateur est affirmée, chez Choinière, comme espace de désaliénation
nécessaire. Cette traversée est complétée par une réflexion sur la pièce de Guillaume
Corbeil, Nous voir nous (Cinq visages pour Camille Brunelle) (2013), qui prolonge
autrement la critique d’un art de consommation de masse, en prenant comme modèle les modes
de communication des réseaux sociaux. La toute récente dramaturgie de cet auteur s’attaque à
l’hyperspectacle de soi dans la société médiatisée qui est la nôtre. Le texte se présente
comme un dispositif performatif de paroles qui met en jeu les mécaniques aliénantes qu’il
critique. Les créations de Choinière et de Corbeil ont la particularité d’inscrire à même
leur architecture dramatique et scénique cette logique médiatique, en l’exacerbant de
manière à en montrer le caractère aliénant, voire mortifère.
Satire d’une télévision publique en dérive
Authors: Ducharme Francis
Published: March 2014

La dernière comédie estivale de Michel Marc Bouchard, Les aboyeurs (1999), se différencie des précédentes par son sujet ouvertement politique. Elle écorche par la caricature un journalisme corrompu, carriériste et populiste. L’action est campée dans une station de nouvelles télévisées située dans une ville nordique utopique, Villebleue, qui souffre d’une absence totale d’événements à diffuser. Ce manque d’actualité amplifie le grotesque du virage sensationnaliste que la chaîne de télévision publique impose à sa succursale. La satire de Bouchard dénonce ce virage commercial comme une dérive du mandat de service public des médias, à propos duquel sa pièce offre à réfléchir.
Improvisation et son direct. Entre théories du son et mutations technologiques
Authors: Mouëllic Gilles
Published: March 2014

Plusieurs études ont montré comment la postsynchronisation a permis à des cinéastes majeurs (parmi lesquels Eisenstein, Godard et Welles) de renouveler les formes cinématographiques à partir de rencontres inédites entre images et sons, le montage s’apparentant alors à une pratique de composition. A priori, cette pratique s’oppose à celle des cinéastes du « direct » qui, utilisant ou devançant les évolutions techniques liées à l’enregistrement, fondent une partie de leur esthétique sur la captation du son direct. Cependant, il apparaît ici que ces cinéastes, dont certains s’inspirent de la pratique musicale du jazz, renouvellent à leur tour les formes cinématographiques selon d’autres modes de mise en relation des sons et des images reposant notamment sur l’improvisation. Partant d’une brève étude des textes fondateurs de cette « esthétique du direct », plusieurs analyses permettent de mettre au jour différents dispositifs qui trouvent leur origine à la télévision mais que le cinéma s’est appropriés pour développer une poétique du direct inspirée du jazz.
Saturn's dayside ultraviolet auroras: Evidence for morphological dependence on the direction of the upstream interplanetary magnetic field
Authors: Meredith C. J. , Alexeev I. I. , Badman S. V. , Belenkaya E. S. , Cowley S. W. H. , Dougherty M. K. , Kalegaev V. V. , Lewis G. R. , Nichols J. D.
Published: March 2014

We examine a unique data set from seven Hubble Space Telescope (HST) “visits” that imaged Saturn's northern dayside ultraviolet emissions exhibiting usual circumpolar “auroral oval” morphologies, during which Cassini measured the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) upstream of Saturn's bow shock over intervals of several hours. The auroras generally consist of a dawn arc extending toward noon centered near ~15° colatitude, together with intermittent patchy forms at ~10° colatitude and poleward thereof, located between noon and dusk. The dawn arc is a persistent feature, but exhibits variations in position, width, and intensity, which have no clear relationship with the concurrent IMF. However, the patchy postnoon auroras are found to relate to the (suitably lagged and averaged) IMF Bz, being present during all four visits with positive Bz and absent during all three visits with negative Bz. The most continuous such forms occur in the case of strongest positive Bz. These results suggest that the postnoon forms are associated with reconnection and open flux production at Saturn's magnetopause, related to the similarly interpreted bifurcated auroral arc structures previously observed in this local time sector in Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph data, whose details remain unresolved in these HST images. One of the intervals with negative IMF Bz however exhibits a prenoon patch of very high latitude emission extending poleward of the dawn arc to the magnetic/spin pole, suggestive of the occurrence of lobe reconnection. Overall, these data provide evidence of significant IMF dependence in the morphology of Saturn's dayside auroras.
Whistler anisotropy instability: Spectral transfer in a three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation
Authors: Gary S. Peter , Hughes R. Scott , Wang Joseph , Chang Ouliang
Published: March 2014

A three‐dimensional (3‐D) particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation of the whistler anisotropy instability is carried out for a collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized plasma with βe=0.10. This is the first 3‐D PIC simulation of the evolution of enchanced fluctuations from this growing mode driven by an anisotropic electron velocity distribution with T⟂e/T∥e>1 where ⟂ and ∥ represent directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field Bo, respectively. The early‐time magnetic fluctuation spectrum grows with properties reflecting the predictions of linear theory with narrowband maxima at kc/ωe≃ 1 and k×Bo=0, and a wave vector anisotropy in the sense of k⟂<<k∥. Here ωe represents the electron plasma frequency. At later times the fluctuations undergo both a forward transfer to shorter wavelengths, also with k⟂<>k∥. The inverse transfer is consistent with a prediction of nonlinear three‐wave coupling theory.
Inverse estimation of snow accumulation along a radar transect on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard
Authors: J. van Pelt Ward J. , Pettersson Rickard , Pohjola Veijo A. , Marchenko Sergey , Claremar Björn , Oerlemans Johannes
Published: March 2014

We present an inverse modeling approach to reconstruct annual accumulation patterns from ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data. A coupled surface energy balance‐snow model simulates surface melt and the evolution of subsurface density, temperature, and water content. The inverse problem consists of iteratively calibrating accumulation, serving as input for the model, by finding a match between modeled and observed radar travel times. The inverse method is applied to a 16 km GPR transect on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, yielding annual accumulation patterns for 2007–2012. Accumulation patterns with a mean of 0.75 meter water equivalent (mwe) a−1contain substantial spatial variability, with a mean annual standard deviation of 0.17 mwe a−1, and show only partial consistency from year to year. In contrast to traditional methods, accounting for melt water percolation, refreezing, and runoff facilitates accurate accumulation reconstruction in areas with substantial melt. Additionally, accounting for horizontal density variability along the transect is shown to reduce spatial variability in reconstructed accumulation, whereas incorporating irreducible water storage lowers accumulation estimates. Correlating accumulation to terrain characteristics in the dominant wind direction indicates a strong preference of snow deposition on leeward slopes, whereas weaker correlations are found with terrain curvature. Sensitivity experiments reveal a nonlinear response of the mass balance to accumulation changes. The related negative impact of small‐scale accumulation variability on the mean net mass balance is quantified, yielding a negligible impact in the accumulation zone and a negative impact of −0.09 mwe a−1in the ablation area.
Structure of the Millen Schist Belt (Antarctica): Clues for the tectonics of northern Victoria Land along the paleo‐Pacific margin of Gondwana
Authors: Crispini Laura , Federico Laura , Capponi Giovanni
Published: March 2014

Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) belonged to the active proto‐Pacific margin of Gondwana, which was the site of convergence during the Paleozoic. This study provides new insights into the structural architecture of northern Victoria Land, focusing on the boundary area between the Bowers and Robertson Bay terranes, i.e., in the Millen Schist Belt. It is a high‐strain equivalent of the adjoining terranes, presently delimited by the Leap Year and the Handler faults. Our study reveals that these two faults overprint a preexisting transitional deformational boundary and are associated with a significant syntectonic circulation of fluids and mineralization. The Millen Schist Belt consists of two lithotectonic packages, juxtaposed along the Crosscut‐Aorangi duplex thrust system, related to late Ross deformation. As there is increasing evidence of a post‐Ross contractional event in northern Victoria Land, we suggest that the structural architecture of the Bowers‐Robertson Bay terrane boundary results from a long‐lasting SW‐NE contractional regime, during the Ross‐Delamerian Orogeny and still active afterward. This points to an extension of the Australian Lachlan Orogeny in Antarctica. The similarity of the structural architecture, the gold mineralization, the rock type, and the age supports the correlation of the Bowers and the Robertson Bay terranes with the Stawell Zone of the Lachlan Fold Belt. In our new tectonic scenario the Lanterman Fault (northern Victoria Land) plays the same role as the Moyston Fault (southeastern Australia), and the Leap Year and Handler faults correlate with the “intra‐zone faults” of the Stawell Zone (e.g., the Ararat‐Stawell Fault Zone).
Superscatterer Illusions Without Using Complementary Media
Authors: Xu He‐Xiu , Wang Guang‐Ming , Ma Kai , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2014

Research has suggested that it is possible to create a superscatterer using complementary media, which is however very difficult to realize, and hence such a superscatterer has not been verified by experiments. An easier way to realize superscatterer illusions with abundant functionality based on transformation optics is proposed here, in which only anisotropic and inhomogeneous media with positive components are required. By enclosing a metallic object within the superscatterer illusion device, the scattering signature of the object equals that of an enlarged metallic object with a pre‐controlled scaling factor and multiple dielectric objects with pre‐designed material properties. The proposal is demonstrated by numerical simulations and finally verified by experiments of an elaborately designed proof‐of‐concept sample made of 6408 gradually varying meta‐atoms. A new strategy, combining compact electric‐ and magnetic‐resonance particles, is proposed to fulfill the complicated inhomogeneous and anisotropic material properties.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Secondary Alcohols to 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles
Authors: Rokade Balaji V. , Gadde Karthik , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: March 2014

A mild and convenient oxidative transformation of secondary alcohols to 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles is uncovered by employing trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) as a nitrogen source in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate [Cu(ClO4)2.6 H2O] (5 mol%) and 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐para‐benzoquinone (DDQ) (1.2 equiv.) as an oxidant. This reaction is performed under ambient conditions and proceeds through CC bond cleavage.

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Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones and Imidazolidin‐2‐ones Directly from 1,3‐Diols or 3‐Amino Alcohols using Iodobenzene Dichloride and Sodium Azide
Authors: He Tian , Gao Wen‐Chao , Wang Wei‐Kun , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2014

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of oxazolidin‐2‐ones and imidazolidin‐2‐ones directly from 1,3‐diols and 3‐amino alcohols has been developed using the same reagent combination of iodobenzene dichloride (PhICl2) and sodium azide (NaN3).

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Competitive Drivers in Marsala's Wineries
Authors: Bertazzoli Aldo , Ghelfi Rino , Rivaroli Sergio
Published: March 2014

The objective of this article is to identify and evaluate the competitive strategies of niche enterprises selling traditional protected designation of origin (PDO) wine in domestic and international markets. This study employs the multidimensional scaling unfolding technique to analyze the perceptions of 24 representatives of wine‐making firms located in the Marsala area (Sicily, Italy). The cognitive maps highlight management choices regarding the competitive driving forces between 2007 and 2011. The results of this study reveal firms’ two main competitive strategies. The first strategy focuses on managing the functional assets; depending on the competitive environment in which the enterprises operate, the outcome seems to comply with Hotelling's model. The second strategy seeks to successfully exploit positional assets—such as the ability to manage intangible resources that have a strong emotional component—that are perceived to strengthen a firm's competitiveness by differentiating it from similar enterprises [EconLit citations: D220, L100, L290]
Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylboronates and Allylic Alcohols by Copper‐Catalyzed 1,6‐Boration
Authors: Luo Yunfei , Roy Iain D. , Madec Amaël G. E. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: March 2014

Chiral secondary allylboronates are obtained in high enantioselectivities and 1,6:1,4 ratios by the copper‐catalyzed 1,6‐boration of electron‐deficient dienes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2(pin)2). The reactions proceed efficiently using catalyst loadings as low as 0.0049 mol %. The allylboronates may be oxidized to the allylic alcohols, and can be used in stereoselective aldehyde allylborations. This process was applied to a concise synthesis of atorvastatin, in which the key 1,6‐boration was performed using only a 0.02 mol % catalyst loading.
Highly Efficient Chemical Process To Convert Mucic Acid into Adipic Acid and DFT Studies of the Mechanism of the Rhenium‐Catalyzed Deoxydehydration
Authors: Li Xiukai , Wu Di , Lu Ting , Yi Guangshun , Su Haibin , Zhang Yugen
Published: March 2014

The production of bulk chemicals and fuels from renewable bio‐based feedstocks is of significant importance for the sustainability of human society. Adipic acid, as one of the most‐demanded drop‐in chemicals from a bioresource, is used primarily for the large‐volume production of nylon‐6,6 polyamide. It is highly desirable to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly processes for the production of adipic acid from renewable feedstocks. However, currently there is no suitable bio‐adipic acid synthesis process. Demonstrated herein is the highly efficient synthetic protocol for the conversion of mucic acid into adipic acid through the oxorhenium‐complex‐catalyzed deoxydehydration (DODH) reaction and subsequent Pt/C‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation. Quantitative yields (99 %) were achieved for the conversion of mucic acid into muconic acid and adipic acid either in separate sequences or in a one‐step process.
Frontier Orbital Control of Molecular Conductance and its Switching
Authors: Tsuji Yuta , Hoffmann Roald
Published: March 2014

For transmission of electrons through a π system, when the Landauer theory of molecular conductance is viewed from a molecular orbital (MO) perspective, there obtains a simple perturbation theoretic dependence, due to Yoshizawa and Tada, on a) the product of the orbital coefficients at the sites of electrode attachment, and b) the MO energies. The frontier orbitals consistently and simply indicate high or low transmission, even if other orbitals may contribute. This formalism, with its consequent reinforcement and/or interference of conductance, accounts for the (previously explained) difference in direct vs. cross conjugated transmission across an ethylene, as well as the comparative ON/OFF ratios in the experimentally investigated dimethyldihydropyrene and dithienylethene‐type single‐molecule switches. A strong dependence of the conductance on the site of attachment of the electrodes in a π system is an immediate extrapolation; the theory then predicts that for some specified sites the switching behavior will be inverted; i.e. the “open” molecular form of the switch will be more conductive.
Next‐Generation Heteronuclear Decoupling for High‐Field Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Schilling Franz , Warner Lisa R. , Gershenzon Naum I. , Skinner Thomas E. , Sattler Michael , Glaser Steffen J.
Published: March 2014

Ultra‐high‐field NMR spectroscopy requires an increased bandwidth for heteronuclear decoupling, especially in biomolecular NMR applications. Composite pulse decoupling cannot provide sufficient bandwidth at practical power levels, and adiabatic pulse decoupling with sufficient bandwidth is compromised by sideband artifacts. A novel low‐power, broadband heteronuclear decoupling pulse is presented that generates minimal, ultra‐low sidebands. The pulse was derived using optimal control theory and represents a new generation of decoupling pulses free from the constraints of periodic and cyclic sequences. In comparison to currently available state‐of‐the‐art methods this novel pulse provides greatly improved decoupling performance that satisfies the demands of high‐field biomolecular NMR spectroscopy.
Directed Self‐Assembly of DNA Tiles into Complex Nanocages
Authors: Tian Cheng , Li Xiang , Liu Zhiyu , Jiang Wen , Wang Guansong , Mao Chengde
Published: March 2014

Tile‐based self‐assembly is a powerful method in DNA nanotechnology and has produced a wide range of well‐defined nanostructures. But the resulting structures are relatively simple. Increasing the structural complexity and the scope of the accessible structures is an outstanding challenge in molecular self‐assembly. A strategy to partially address this problem by introducing flexibility into assembling DNA tiles and employing directing agents to control the self‐assembly process is presented. To demonstrate this strategy, a range of DNA nanocages have been rationally designed and constructed. Many of them can not be assembled otherwise. All of the resulting structures have been thoroughly characterized by gel electrophoresis and cryogenic electron microscopy. This strategy greatly expands the scope of accessible DNA nanostructures and would facilitate technological applications such as nanoguest encapsulation, drug delivery, and nanoparticle organization.
Merging Aerobic Oxidation and Enamine Catalysis in the Asymmetric α‐Amination of β‐Ketocarbonyls Using N‐Hydroxycarbamates as Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Xu Changming , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong
Published: March 2014

We describe herein an unprecedented asymmetric α‐amination of β‐ketocarbonyls under aerobic conditions. The process is enabled by a simple chiral primary amine through the coupling of a catalytic enamine ester intermediate and a nitrosocarbonyl (generated in situ) derived from N‐hydroxycarbamate. The reaction features high chemoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity for a broad range of substrates.
DNA with 3′‐5′‐Disulfide Links—Rapid Chemical Ligation through Isosteric Replacement
Authors: Patzke Volker , McCaskill John S. , von Kiedrowski Günter
Published: March 2014

Efforts to chemically ligate oligonucleotides, without resorting to biochemical enzymes, have led to a multitude of synthetic analogues, and have extended oligomer ligation to reactions of novel oligonucleotides, peptides, and hybrids such as PNA.1 Key requirements for potential diagnostic tools not based on PCR include a fast templated chemical DNA ligation method that exhibits high pairing selectivity, and a sensitive detection method. Here we report on a solid‐phase synthesis of oligonucleotides containing 5′‐ or 3′‐mercapto‐dideoxynucleotides and their chemical ligations, yielding 3′‐5′‐disulfide bonds as a replacement for 3′‐5′‐phosphodiester units. Employing a system designed for fluorescence monitoring, we demonstrate one of the fastest ligation reactions with half‐lives on the order of seconds. The nontemplated ligation reaction is efficiently suppressed by the choice of DNA modification and the 3′‐5′ orientation of the activation site. The influence of temperature on the templated reaction is shown.
Total Synthesis of the Antibiotic Kendomycin: A Macrocyclization Using the Tsuji–Trost Etherification
Authors: Sengoku Tetsuya , Xu Shu , Ogura Kenji , Emori Yoshinori , Kitada Kenji , Uemura Daisuke , Arimoto Hirokazu
Published: March 2014

A highly stereocontrolled, convergent total synthesis of kendomycin [(−)‐TAN2162], an ansa‐macrocyclic antibiotic, is reported. The key of the strategy is an unprecedented Tsuji–Trost macrocyclic etherification, followed by a transannular Claisen rearrangement to construct the 18‐membered carbocyclic framework. The oxa‐six‐ and five‐membered rings were also stereoselectively constructed respectively by a cascade oxidative cyclization at an unfunctionalized benzylic position and using a one‐pot epoxidation/5‐exo‐tet epoxide opening.
Catalysis‐Based Total Synthesis of Putative Mandelalide A
Authors: Willwacher Jens , Fürstner Alois
Published: March 2014

A concise synthesis of the putative structure assigned to the highly cytotoxic marine macrolide mandelalide A (1) is disclosed. Specifically, an iridium‐catalyzed two‐directional Krische allylation and a cobalt‐catalyzed carbonylative epoxide opening served as convenient entry points for the preparation of the major building blocks. The final stages feature the first implementation of terminal‐acetylene metathesis into natural product synthesis, which is remarkable as this class of substrates was beyond reach until very recently; key to success was the use of the highly selective molybdenum alkylidyne complex 42 as the catalyst. Although the constitution and stereochemistry of the synthetic samples are unambiguous, the spectra of 1 as well as of 11‐epi‐1 deviate from those of the natural product, which implies a subtle but deep‐seated error in the original structure assignment.