bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Bauer K.
Published: April 2007

J. L. GLICK; Fundamentals of Human Lymphoid Cell Culture
Gm ALLOTYPES AND IgG SUBCLASS LEVELS IN IRAQI ARABS
Authors: Shakib F. , James K. , Barr D.
Published: April 2007

The study of the distribution of IgG subclasses in a group of Iraqi Arabs has revealed marked elevation in the levels of IgG3 associated with low levels of IgG1. Furthermore, individuals homozygous for the G3m(b) marker were found to have significantly higher levels of IgG3 than individuals heterozygous for this marker. Results are discussed in relation to other similar reports.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Vogel F.
Published: April 2007

D. G. HARNDEN, J. E. LINDSTEIN, K. BUCKTON AND H. P. KLINGER; An Interriational System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. High‐Resolution‐Banding.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ALLOPHENIC MICE TO THE SYNTHETIC POLYMER GLØ*: III. ALLOTYPE ANALYSIS OF ANTI‐GLØ ANTIBODY
Authors: Gorcyca D. E. , McIvor‐Nayeri Judith L. , Maurer P. H. , Warner Carol M.
Published: April 2007

Allophenic mice were produced by aggregating 8‐cell embryos from a low responder (CBA) and a high responder (DBA/1) strain to the synthetic amino acid polymer GLø. In some strains of mice, the immune response to this polymer is controlled by two genes, α and β, which map to the IE/C and IA subregions of the H‐2 complex, respectively. The CBA strain is α+β ‐ whereas the DBA/1 strain can be considered to be α+β+. These two strains also differ in immunoglobulin allotype: CBA is allotype a and DBA/1 is allotype c. Eight CBA DBA/1 allophenic mice were immunized with GLø. Four of the mice gave a high secondary response to the polymer. The alloptype of the angibody from these mice was determined by affinity chromatography, and it was found that only allotype c was present. This means that all of the antibody was produced by high responder DBA/1 cells. Thus, there is no evidence for the cooperation of histoincompatible cells in the mounting of an immune response by allophenic mice.
ASSOCIATION OF THE C2‐DEFICIENCY GENE (C2*QO) WITH THE C4A*4, C4B*2 GENES
Authors: Hauptmann, G. , Tongio, M. M. , Goetz, J. , Mayer, Simone , Fauchet, R. , Sobel, A. , Griscel, C. , Berthoux, F. , Rivat, C. , Rother Urusula
Published: April 2007

C4 typing in thirteen homozygous C2‐deficient patients and in a family with heterozygous C2 deficiency showed a strong association of the C2‐deficiency gene (C2*QO) with the relatively rare C4A* C4B*2 haplotype.
INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN PLANT SEEDS AND FRUITS AGAINS ANTI‐LEWIS AGGLUTININS
Authors: Yamamoto S.
Published: April 2007

Thirty‐six species of higher plants were found to contain substances in their fruit or seed extracts, which were heat stable and inhibitory for anti‐Lea agglutinin. Both preparations partially fractionated from Sophora japonica and Euonymus Sieboldiana were also slightly inhibitory for anti‐Leb agglutinin.
BASILEA KAPPA LIGHT CHAINS OF RABBIT IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Dubiski S. , Charpentier L. , D'Agostaro G.
Published: April 2007

Immunogenetics of the Basilea allotype were investigated. It was shown that the Basilea gene is controlled at a locus identical with, or closely linked to, the Ab kappa allotypic locus. Basilea‐positive molecules have been physically separated by immunoabsorption from molecules carrying the λ chain markers, c7 and c21. Injection of newborn Basilea homozygotes with anti‐Basilea immune serum results in suppression of the synthesis of Basilea‐positive molecules, but does not affect the synthesis of the λ chain, or of the heavy chain allotypic markers. Allotype‐suppressed Basilea homozygotes do not recognize either the Basilea allotype or the kappa isotype as ‘self’ and make anti‐Basilea and anti‐kappa antibody upon immunization with Basilea antigen. The specificity of this antibody was identical with that of a heterologous anti‐kappa immune serum raised in a goat and made specific by absorption with purified lambda material. These results prove that Basilea gene products are of kappa isotype and are controlled at the Ab allotypic locus.
THE DETECTION OF PUBLIC Ia ANTIGENS ON THE SURFACE OF B6‐C.H‐2b m 1 2 BLAST CELLS
Authors: Michaelides Mary , McKenzie I. F. C.
Published: April 2007

The B6‐C.H‐2bm12 (bm12) strain has previously been described as a spontaneously occurring mutant wherein the parental C57BL/6 Iab specificities (Ia.3, 8, 9, 15 and 20) are absent or reduced in amount. To further characterize the bm12 mutant the antigenic phenotype of LPS‐activated bm12 blast cells was determined with monoclonal and conventional anti‐Ia antibodies. By direct testing and absorption the public Ia.8, 9 and 15 specificities were readily detected on both parental C57BL/6 and mutant bm12 blast cells, and the amounts of these antigens on activated bm12 cells were similar to or less than those found on C57BL/6 blast cells. The findings demonstrate that the Ia‐1 mutation has not resulted in an absolute loss of these specificities, but has altered their expression, or their accessibility to antibody on resting cells. By contrast, the private Ia. 20 specificity and another specificity (designated Iab) could not be detected on bm12 blast cells.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HAEMOPOIETIC (TWIN) CHIMAERISM IN A SUBJECT UNAWARE OF BEING A TWIN
Authors: Bird G. W. G. , Wingham June , Nicholson G. S. , Battey Diana A. , Koster H. G. , Webb Tessa
Published: April 2007

A fourth human blood group chimaera studied in Birmingham is an example of haemopoietic (twin) chimaerism in which the subject was unaware of being a twin. Chimarerism was discovered during routine antenatal serological investigation in which it was shown that the proposita has two red cell populations, one of the rhesus genotype rr, and the other R1r. Further studies showed that she has two populations of lymphocytes, one with the female karyotye, 46XX, and the other with the male karyotype, 46XY. Skin fibroblasts were all 46XX.
H‐2 INFLUENCE ON THE SEVERITY OF MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS TYPE 3‐INDUCED ACUTE DISEASE
Authors: Sabolovic Nicole , Wellman‐Bednawska Maria , Oth D.
Published: April 2007

Susceptibility to the acute disease induced by MHV3 injection has been found to be quantitatively influenced by the H‐2 haplotype of semi‐susceptible mouse strains. Seric levels of cobalt‐activated acylase, which correlates with clinical status, were also under H‐2 influence.
RATS HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OBTAINED BY CROSSING RATS FROM STRAINS WITH LOW SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: Källén Bengt
Published: April 2007

By crossing and back‐crossing three strains of rats, Brown‐Norway, Fischer, and PVG, none of which is definitely susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), it is possible to obtain fully susceptible animals. Genetic analysis indicates the presence of Ir‐genes in at least two of the strains (Fisher and PVG) related to the AgB complex, and genes of ‘resistance’ located on another chromosome. The latter appear to be different in the three strains; also the BN strain, which perhaps does not carry an Ir‐EAE gene, apparently carries effective genes of resistance.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MYOGLOBIN: IX. OVERCOMING GENETIC CONTROL OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC SITES BY INCREASING THE DOSE OF ANTIGEN USED IN IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Young C. R. , Atassi M. Z.
Published: April 2007

Previously, it was reported that the immune response to myoglobin (Mb) was under genetic control, with the response to each site being under separate Ir‐gene control. Here we have investigated the effect of antigen dose on the control of the antibody response to the five antigenic sites of sperm‐whale Mb to determine whether or not the overcoming of genetic control by antigen dose has a uniform effect on all five antigenic sites.

The antibody response to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) and its five antigenic was measured in the following inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6J, AKR and SWR/J. These strains of mice are low responders to Mb following immunization with 50 μg, responding only to site 4. After immunization with 200 μg Mb:C57BL/6J mice are high responders to Mb and respond to antigenic sites 1, 3,4 and 5; AKR mice are high responders to Mb and respond to antigenic sites 1 and 4; SWR/J mice are high responders to Mb and respond to all five antigenic sites. It was concluded that the genetic control of the immune response to Mb and its synthetic antigenic sites is dependent on antigen dose. Also, these studies have enabled us for the first time to separate the response to site 1 from the response to site 2 and thus have conclusively established that sites 1 and 2 are controlled by separate Ir‐genes.
TWO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES DETECTING HIGH FREQUENCY ANTIGENS ABSENT FROM RED CELLS OF THE DOMINANT TYPE OF Lu (a‐b‐) Lu:‐3
Authors: Knowles R. W. , Bai Y. , Lomas, C. , Green C. , Tippett P.
Published: April 2007

Two monoclonal antibodies, M447 and H86, were produced which recognize previously unidentified red cell antigens whose expression is inhibited by the In(Lu) geen. M447 and H86 react with all red cell samples from adults except those from the dominant type of Lu(a‐b‐) Lu:‐3; they also fail to rect with cord red cell samples.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: DOSKOEI J.
Published: April 2007

ROBERT WILLIAMSON; Genetic Engineering.
HLA, AND THE RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH γ‐TYPE ENDORPHINS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Jongh B. M. De , Verhoeven W. M. A. , van Ree J. M. , Wied D. De , van Rood J. J.
Published: April 2007

In order to investigate whether genetic factors are involved in the response of schizophrenic patients to treatment with γ‐type endorphins, we typed 32 Dutch schizophrenic patients for the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR antigens. The total patient group showed an increase of HLA‐Bw4 and HLA‐Cw1. A subgroup of 20 paranoid patients showed an increase of HLA‐Cw1 and a significant heterogeneity for the HLA‐C locus. In 16 patients who responded moderately or markedly to treatment with γ‐type endorphins, an increase of HLA‐B15/Cw3 and a decrease of HLA‐B17 were found as compared to 16 patients with no or a slight response. Moreover, HLA‐B15 was particularly increased in those patients who responded markedly and remained free of psychotic symptoms for a period of at least 6 months after treatment with γ‐type endorphins (RR = 24.6, Puncorr.= 0.0015).Our results suggest that genetic factors coded for within the HLA region are associated with paranoid schizophrenia, and that HLA‐B15/Cw3 is associated with a marked and prolonged response to treatment with γ‐type endorphins.
PRECISE MAPPING OF THE GENE FOR Ly ‐21. 2 ON THE 7th CHROMOSOME
Authors: Kennard Janis , Meruelo D.
Published: April 2007

We have recently described a murine lymphocyte alloantigen, Ly‐21.2, and showed that the gene which controls Ly‐21.2 expression is linked to albinism on the 7th chromosome. In order to map the gene more precisely, we have studied the linkage of Ly‐21.2 with two other genetic markers on the 7th chromosome, the electrophoretic variant of the β chain of haemoglobin and glucose phosphate isomerase, in (A/J × C57BL/10)F2 mice. The results of these 3‐point cross studies show that the gene encoding Ly‐21.2 maps 27 units distal to albinism.
FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE Ly‐6 GENETIC REGION : ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL LINES WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION OF Ly‐6 ANTIGENS
Authors: Horton M. A. , O'Brien H. A. W. , Takei F.
Published: April 2007

The identity, or close linkage, or a series of murine alloantigens encoded by the Ly‐6 genetic region has been well documented. We have investigated the relationship between two component antigens, Ly‐6.2 and H9/25, by generating and characterizing a number of variant cell lines which have altered antigen expression, isolated by chemical mutagenesis and immunoselection of BW5147 lymphoid cells. Cloned cell lines, selected by either antiserum, show loss of both antigens and also fail to express Thy‐1, a further genetically linked, but unrelated determinant. The relevance of these findings to furthering understanding of the structure of the Ly‐6 region and regulation of antigen expression is discussed.
NATURAL AGGLUTININS TO HIDDEN MEMBRANE COMPONENTS IN THE BOVINE ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Sellei J.
Published: April 2007

Digestion of bovine erythrocytes (BE) with trypsin (Tr) or chymotrypsin (CTr) revealed Tr and CTr specific' receptor respectively. These receptor reacted with all the isologous, including the autologous, sera. The titres of agglutinability varied for the Tr‐digested BE from 1:2 to 1:64 and from zero to 1:128 for the CTr‐digested BE. However, the variation between the members of nomozygous twin pairs (MZ) in no case exceeded ±2 score units, the error limits. Agglutination of the CTr‐digested BE gave with the PHA lection very similar, (r= 0.964) results to that which was ontained with the isologous sera.The titre of agglutinins showed concordance in all the sera of MZ pairs when tested against the neuraminidas‐digested human erythrocytes and the Tr or CTr‐digested BE. Their variance due to differences varied between MZ pairs from 60.4 to 74.3%.
LY ‐ AND ECOTROPIC MuLV ANTIGENS ARE SEPARTE ENTITIES
Authors: Langdon W. Y. , McKenzie I. F. C. , Shellam G.R.
Published: April 2007

Murine alloantisera to lymphocyte (Ly) alloantigens also contain antibodies to murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) in high titre. A number of such sera were extensively absorbed with ecotropic AKR murine leukaemia virus to remove contaqiminating anti‐MuLV antibodies. The virus‐absorbed and unabsorbed antisera wre then examined by the radioimmune precipitation (RIP) assay for anti‐MuLV antibodies, and for anti‐Ly antibodies by cytotoxicity assays against specific target cells. The results presented here demonstrate that whilst virus absorption markdely reduced the anti‐viraql titres of the alloantisera they ahd no effect on the anti‐Ly titres of any of them. This indicated that none of the Ly antigens which was examined cross reacts with the antigens of ecotropic AKR‐MuLV and further suggest that Ly antigens are not encoded by the genes of endogenous ecotropic MuLVs. It was also demonstrated that the majority of the constaninating anti‐MuLV antibodies present in anti‐Ly‐6.2 proteins of the virus.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF FOUR SEQUENTIAL POLYPEPTIDES IN INBRED GUINEA‐PIGS AND THEIR RECOGNITION AT THE T LYMPHOCYTE AND ANTIBODY LEVELS
Authors: Zeiger A. R. , Maurer P. H.
Published: April 2007

Four sequential polypeptides containing equimolar amounts of tyrosine, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine were shown to be T lymphocyte‐dependent immunogens in inbred guinea‐pigs. Poly (Glu‐Ala‐Tyr‐Gly) was immunogenic only in strain 2 guinea‐pigs; poly (Glu‐Tyr‐Ala‐Gly) and poly (Ala‐Tyr‐Glu‐Gly) were immunogenic only in strain 13 guinea‐pigs; and poly (Ala‐Glu‐Tyr‐Gly) was immunogenic in both inbred strains. The specificity of immune recognition was probed at the T lymphocyte and humoral levels with the heterologous polypepties. Only a few cases of heterologous cross‐stimulation or cross‐reaction were observed, indcating the great selectivity of immune recognition. The results showed considerable variability in immune recognition from animal to animal. Nevertheless, at the T‐cell level, cross‐stimulation appears to necessitate that the antigen is itself immunogenic in that strain, whereas at the antibody level, cross‐reaction is not similarly restricted. The structural basis for mutual recognition of immunogen and antigen at these levels is discussed.
SUPRAMOLECULAR RELATIONSHIPS OF MEMBRANE ANTIGENS ON THE MURINE THYMOCYTE
Authors: Lynes M. A. , Karl Margaret , DiBiase Kathleen , Flaherty Lorraine
Published: April 2007

The topographical relationship of Thy‐1, Ly‐1, Ly‐2, and T200 were examined on the murine thymocyte. The inhibition of the binding of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody after incubation with unlabelled heterologous antibody was used as a measure of the proximity of the target antigens on the cell surface. On unfixed cells, prior incubation with anti‐Thy‐1.2 impeded the attachment of labelled anti‐Ly‐1, anti‐Ly‐2, and anti‐T200. Anti‐T200, but not anti‐Ly‐1, or anti‐Ly‐2, was capable of impeding the attachment of labelled anti‐Thy‐1.2 on unfixed cells. In general, gentle fixation with paraformaldehyde did not alter these inter‐relationships. The possible functional contributions of such supramolecular relationships are discussed.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Gm) ALLOTYPE FREQUENCIES IN PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS AND POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
Authors: Demaine A. G. , Vaughan R. W. , Behn A. R. , Myles A. B. , Panayi G. S. , Welsh K. I.
Published: April 2007

Fifty‐five Caucasoid patients with polymalgia rheumatica (PMR) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) were immunoglobulin (Gm) allotyped for this study. Forty‐four of these patients had been previously HLA‐A,B,C and DR locus allotyped. The incidence of the immunoglobulin allotypic marker Glm(2) was significantly increased in the GCA group (50.00% v. controls 18.75%, P= <0.01). There was a similar but insignificant rise of this Gm marker in the PMR group (27.24% v. 18.75%, NS). The increase in Glm(2) in the GCA group was not accompanied by a corresponding rise in the number of people homozygous for Glm(2), i.e., all the increase could be attributed to patients with the Glm(1,2,3): G3m(5,10,21) phenotype.
PHENOTYPES OF THE FOURTH COMPLEMENT COMPONENT (C4) IN BLACK AMERICANS FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: Budowle B. , Roseman J. M. , Go R. C. P. , Louv W. , Barger* B. O. , Acton* R. T.
Published: April 2007

C4 is composed of two tightly linked genes (C4A and C4B) lying within the major histocompatibility complex of chromosome 6 that can be demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Seven alleles and five alleles at the C4A and C4B loci, respectively, were detected in 169 black individuals from the southeastern United States. Furthermore, the phenotypic frequencies of C4A6, C4A5, C4A4, C4B4, C4B3, and C4BQO were significantly different between black and white Americans.
HLA A*, B*‐BF* AND C4 A*, ALLELE ASSOCIATIONS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BF*S07, IN THE TUNISIAN POPULATION
Authors: Helal A. N. , Lefrance G. , Hauptmann G. , Goetz Joëlle , Tongio Marie‐Marthe , Davrinche C. , Rivat C. , Cavelier Brigitte , Chibani J. , Chaabani H.
Published: April 2007

The HLA A*2, Bw*50‐BF*S07‐C4 A*2, B*l linkage group was transmitted unambiguously in four unrelated Tunisian families. In one of these, another allele association, also carrying BF*S07, HLA A*9, Bw*50‐BF* S07‐C4 A*1, B*1, was encountered. The previously reported linkage disequilibrium between BF*S07 and HLA Bw*50, a subtypic speficity of HLA Bw*21, is confirmed in our study. The C4 A*2, B*1, haplotype, rare in the other populations until now studied, seems more frequent in Tunisia since it has been also found linked to HLA A* 11, B*27 and BF*S in one of these familie. Other allele associations were unambiguously demonstrated with predominantly the C4 A*3, B*1 haplotype, particularly a rare HLA A*3, B*18‐BF* F1‐C4 A*3, B*1 linkage group. A silent gene at the C4 A locus was found linked to HLA B*.
FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE MONOCLONAL ANTIOBODY H8 DEMONSTRATING A JMH‐RELATED SPECIFICITY
Authors: Daniels G. L. , Knowles R. W.
Published: April 2007

The monoclonal antibody H8, previously described as anti‐JMH, has the same specificity as a JMH‐related antibody, R.M. H8 blocks the reaction of human anti‐JMH and related antibodies with JMH+ cells, suggesting that the JMH‐related antigens are very closely situated to each other on the red cell membrane.
GENETIC REGULATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS: SELECTION OF TWO RATS' LINES WITH RESPECTIVELY A HIGH OR LOW IgM SERUM LEVEL1
Authors: Bazin H. , Platteau Bernadette , Kints J. P. , Malache J. ‐M. , Pauwels R.
Published: April 2007

Two directional selections of rats for a high or a low IgM serum levels have been carried out. The criterium of selection was the individual merit of each rat in having a high or low IgM level when they were 3 months old. All animals were kept together, in order to avoid external influence on the IgM synthesis. The founding population was a mixed nucleus of rats, obtained by breeding of 13 different strains of inbred or outbred rats for two generations. Two lines, one with a high IgM serum level and another with a low IgM serum level, have been separated. At generation 10, they differed from each other by a coefficient of approximately four. These IgM serum levels were not due to differences in IgM catabolism of the two lines since both lines had similar IgM half‐lives. Analyses of the data obtained show that, for IgM synthesis, the coefficient of heritability varies between 0.30 to 0.40, and the number of `independent loci' controlling IgM synthesis ranges from 11 to 14.
MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST GERBICH ANTIGENS
Authors: Rouger, Ph. , Lee H. , Juszczak G. , Doinel C. , Edelman L.
Published: April 2007

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (E11‐1 and MR4‐130) agglutinated all samples of human red cells except those of the Ge (‐1, ‐2, ‐3) phenotype. It was possible to demonstrate that these antibodies recognize two different epitopes of the Gerbich antigen.
Gm ALLOTYPES IN SWEDISH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS PATIENTS
Authors: Smith C. I. E. , Grubb R. , Hammarström,and L. , Matell G.
Published: April 2007

Gm phenotype frequencies were examined in 112 Swedish myasthenia gravis patients. The G1m 1,2,3 phenotype frequency in the total patient material did not differ significantly from that found in the normal population. However, when patients were subdivided, three different patient groups were observed with regard to Gml frequency: (1) Thymoma patients having a low frequenc of Gm1, (2) Non‐thymoma patients with a mild disease having a low frequency of Gm1 and (3) Non‐thymoma patients with a severe disease having a high frequency of Gm1. When patients were subdivided according to presence or absence of HLA‐B8 and Gm1 respectively, severe symptoms were less frequent in the HLA‐B8+, Gm(‐1) group as compared to the HLA‐B8+, Gm(+1) group. Furthermore, there was an increased frequency of sera with anti‐immunoglobulins not inhibitable by pooled control immunoglobulins.
MONOCLONAL ANTI‐B PRODUCED BY THE IMMUNIZATION OF MICE WITH SOLUBLE SALIVARY GLYCOPROTEINS
Authors: Barrie, E. K. , Fraser, R. H. , Munro, A. C. , Williamson,* A. R. , Hamilton, E. A. , Mitchell, R.
Published: April 2007

IgM and IgG mouse monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the blood group B determinant have been produced by immunization of mice with a partially purified salivary glycoprotein. These antibodies have been characterized and one of the IgM antibodies showed potential as a grouping reagent. The ready availability of these salivary blood group substances offers the potential to produce a wide range of related monoclonal antibodies.
THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX OF RHESUS MONKEYS, RhLA: XV. CHEMICAL CHARACTRIZATIONS OF DR LOCUS ANTIGENS AND ANTIGEN 48
Authors: Giphart, M. J. , Morolli, B. , Vreeswijk, W. Van , Gerets, R. , Balner H.
Published: April 2007

Immunoprecipitaon studies of the rhesus monkey major histocompatibility system have shown that the RhLA‐DR locus codes for class II antigens with molecular features that are homologous to the class II antigens coded for by the human HLA‐dR locus, The products of another alloantigenic RhLA‐linked locus of the rhesus monkey, called ‘48’, is provisionally characterized as a class I system.
OVARIAN DEFECT IN RATS CARRYING THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION COMPLEX
Authors: Geyer S. J. , GillIII T. J. , Kunz H. W.
Published: April 2007

The growth and reproduction complex contains recessive genes (grc) which influence body weight and gonadal development. Homozygous males are sterile, and they have an arrest of spermatogenesis at the primary spermatocyte stage. Homozygous females are fertile but have a reduced reproductive capacity. The data presented in this paper show that the latter defect is associated with a decrease in the relative number of secondary ovarian follicles and an increase in the number of atretic follicles. This finding indicates that most of the primary follicles do not mature properly. Thus, the genetic defect in gametogenesis controlled by the grc appears to occur at the same stage of development in both females and males.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HUMAN ADULT HAEMOGLOBIN (HbA1) AND SICKLE CELL HAEMOGLOBIN (HbS)
Authors: Sullivan T. T. , Warner Carol M.
Published: April 2007

The humoral response of twelve strains of mice to immunization with either normal adult human haemoglobin (HbA1) or sickle‐cell haemoglobin (HbS) was studied using a quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results indicate the presence of at least two genes that control the magnitude of this response, one of which is located at the ‘D‐end’ of the H‐2 complex. H‐2 haplotypes s, q and k are associated with a low response, haplotypes d and a with a high response, and the b haplotype with an intermediate response. No difference in the pattern or magnitude of the response was observed when HbS was used as the immunogen in place of HbA1. The N‐terminal octapeptides of the β chains of HbA1 and HbS were synthesized and the presence of antibodies specific for the N‐terminal octapeptides was tested. The magnitude of the anti‐N‐terminal response correlated with that to the intact molecules with one exception. A much lower response to the βs‐peptide was found in the C57BL/10Sn mice. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to HbA1 and HbS. Three clones were studied for their reaction with HbA1' HbS, and the βA1 and βs peptides. One clone was found which binds both the βA1 and βs peptides. This indicates that the N‐terminal portion of the β chain of human haemoglobin is antigenic in mice.
T‐ LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF SPERM‐WHALE MYOGLOBIN. RECOGNITION OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES CARRYING ANTIGENIC SITE 5 BY MYOGLOBIN‐PRIMED T‐CELLS
Authors: Young C. R. , Atassi* M. Z.
Published: April 2007

Previous studies from this laboratory have resulted in the determination of the antigenic structure of sperm‐whale myoglobin (Mb). In the present work, we have investigated the fine specificity requirements for T‐cell recognition of one of the Mb antigenic sites (antigenic site 5). The antigenic site (peptide 145‐153) and seven progressively longer peptides, increasing in length stepwise by two residues at a time, up to 22 residues in length (peptide 132‐153), were synthesized. In addition, four truncated peptides were synthesized with intentional deletions at Tyr‐ 151 and Ala‐ 144. The T‐cell recognition of these purified synthetic peptides was examined here in detail in three strains of mice (BALB/cByJ, B10.D2/n and SJL/J). Mb‐primed mice afforded T‐cells which proliferated to smaller peptides (two or four residues longer than the site; i.e. peptides 145‐153 and 143‐153) and more so to the longer peptides 135‐153 and 132‐153 and to Mb. No response was obtained to the truncated peptides, thus underscoring the fine specificity T‐cells. No response was obtained also to intermediate‐sized peptides. The latter result, due to an unfavourable mode of folding, suggested a conformational dependency in T‐lymphocyte recognition.
T‐LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF SPERM‐WHALE MYOGLOBIN. RESPONSES OF T‐CELLS FROM MOUSE STRAINS PRIMED WITH SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE CARRYING ANTIGENIC SITE 5 AND RELATION TO ANTIGEN PRESENTATION
Authors: Young C. R. , Atassi M. Z.
Published: April 2007

In the preceding communication of this series, the fine specificity requirements for T‐cell recognition of one of the Mb antigenic sites (antigenic site 5) were examined. Seven synthetic peptides containing antigenic site 5 and progressively increasing in length to the left by increments of two residues up to 22 residues in length were studied with regard to their ability to stimulate T‐cell proliferation of Mb‐primed T‐cells from high responder H‐2d and H‐2s mouse strains. Unexpectedly, it was found that, unlike smaller and longer peptides, some intermediate‐sized peptides failed to stimulate T‐cell proliferation even though they contained the full antigenic site. This indicated that lack of proliferative stimulating activity by a peptide does not necessarily imply absence of an antigenic site in the peptide. The results enabled us to conclude that T‐cell recognition of native proteins (or at least of Mb) is dependent on protein conformation. In the present work, we have examined the ability of peptide‐primed T‐cells from H‐2d and H‐2s mouse strains to proliferate to Mb. Immunization with peptide 145‐151 (antigenic site 5) afforded T‐cells that did not proliferate in vitro to Mb or any of the synthetic peptides 145‐153, 143‐153, 141‐153, 139‐153, 137‐153, 135‐153 or 132‐153. When mice were primed with either peptide 143‐153 (11 residues) or peptide 132‐153 (22 residues), The T‐cells obtained did not respond to Mb but responded in each case very well to peptides 132‐153, 135‐153, 137‐153 and gave lower, but significant, response to the shorter peptides 145‐153 and 143‐153. Intermediate‐sized peptides did not stimulate T‐cell proliferations and neither did truncated peptides that had deletions at Tyr‐151 and Ala‐144. These findings underscore the fine specificity of the T‐cell and indicate a high level of conformational dependency for T‐cell recognition. It is also concluded that macrophage recognition and presentation of protein antigen must involve the intact native protein and it is probably not related to the processing and fragmenting of the antigen by macrophage. The latter activity is more related to the role of macrophage in clearance.
INACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC ANTI‐H‐2 SUPPRESSOR T CELLS BY ANTISERA TO I‐J AND I‐C SUBREGION PRODUCTS OF THE H‐2 COMPLEX
Authors: Brondz B. D. , Zaiceva, M. B. , Abronina I. F. , Blandova Z. K.
Published: April 2007

Two antisera to Ia antigens, products of the H‐2 complex I‐Cd and I‐JkEk subregions, respectively, have been obtained by immunization of the F1 hybrids of recombinant strains of mice. These antisera are shown to display a 50% cytotoxic effect in vitro, in the presence of complement, upon lymphocyte populations immune to the H‐2‐complex antigens and enriched for specific suppressor T cells (SSTC) by fractionation on a monolayer of target cells. The specificity of anti‐Ia cytotoxins is shown by cross‐antibody absorption with T and B cells of mice originating from the recombinant H‐2 haplotypes and bearing either particular I‐Cd, I‐Jk and I‐Kk antigens, or their combinations. Anti‐I‐Cd cytotoxins were found to react with both B and T cells, but at a different rate, and the anti‐I‐JkEk serum contains two antibody types directed to I‐Ek and I‐Jk products, respectively, the latter being able to react preferently with T cells. Although both antisera do inactivate the in vitro SSTC function in the presence of complement to a similar degree, the inactivating action of the anti‐I‐Cd serum, but not that of the anti‐I‐JkEk serum, occurs without complement. SSTC are shown to bear both Ia‐antigens, I‐J and I‐C, as shown by both inactivation of the anti‐suppressor effect of the antisera absorbed with spleen cells of different H‐2 origin, and variation of the H‐2 origin of SSTC pretreated with the intact antisera. It is suggested that these two markers, located on the same SSTC, function differently in SSTC immune to the H‐2 antigens, and I‐C antigen expression on the SSTC surface is presumed to be required for their interaction with the inhibited responder T cells proliferating in MLC.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE β UNITS OF THE CLASS II MOLECULE IN THE RAT
Authors: Natori T. , Ohhashi T. , Inomata T. , Fujimoto Y. , Ishida Y. , Kasaharaand M. , Aizawa M.
Published: April 2007

The RTI‐B/D region‐associated antigens which were serologically defined in the previous study (Ohhashi et al., 1981), were partially purified from membranes of a rat B cell leukaemia, KNL‐14. Sequential immunoprecipitation test, with the partially purified 125I‐B/Dak preparation using four different rat alloantisera, including a monoclonal antibody, disclosed three distinctive populations of β units of the class II molecules. Highly purified β units of three discriminable class II molecules were shown to have different structural properties in terms of molecular weights and of electrophoretic profiles on the isoelectric focusing. The β units shifted to a position of higher molecular weight on SDS‐PAGE under reducing condition, thus suggesting to carry intradisulfide bonds. Furthermore, the highly purified β units crossreacted with murine anti‐Ia sera. The rebinding test revealed that at least two discriminable species of β units cross‐react with anti‐I‐Ak monoclonal antibody, whereas β units purified by binding with the IE4 monoclonal antibody cross‐reacted with anti‐I‐Ab and/or anti‐I‐Ad antiserum. On the basis of structural and antigenic properties, we have postulated that the rat class II region can be divided into at least three subregions, each containing a locus which encodes a distinctive β unit of the class II molecule.
IMMUNOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MHC RECOMBINANT SWINE: ROLE OF CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS IN IN VITRO IMMUNE RESPONSES
Authors: Thistlethwaite J. R. , Auchincloss H. , Pescovitz M. D. , Sachs D. H.
Published: April 2007

A recombinant haplotype between the class I and class II major histocompatibility loci of inbred miniature swine has made it possible to study the role of the corresponding antigens in in vitro and in vivo immune responses. Before examining the effects of selective SLA locus matching on allograft survival, it was deemed necessary to determine the corresponding effects on in vitro parameters of immunity. The results presented in this paper indicate that: (1) a difference at the class II loci was required for a maximal proliferative response which depended on the haplotype combination used; (3) in cell‐mediated cytoxicity assays, the class I antigens were found to be the primary targets for lysis. Although optimal CTL generation required the presence of both class I and class II antigen differences, CTL were sometimes generated in the absence of a known class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II matched cells could be augmented by the addition of third party, class I matched, class II mismatched, stimulator cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the conservation of function of antigen class between species. They also provide further evidence for the two‐signal hypothesis of CTL generation. They, also provide further evidence for the two‐signal hypothesis of CTL generation. Thus, MHC recombinant swine provide a model for the study of the effect of antigen class on in vitro and in vivo immunobiology.
ANTIGEN BINDING TO LYMPHOID CELLS OF UNIMMUNIZED MICE
Authors: DeLuca D.
Published: April 2007

In order to determine the cell type responsible for the antigen‐binding reaction in the bone marrow and spleen of mice, cells derived from pure in vitro derived colonies of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophage‐megakaryocytes and B lymphocytes were tested for their ability to bind fluorescent protein antigens. Only B lymphocytes bound antigen. An unexpectedly high percentage of bone marrow B lymphocytes (20%) bound a given antigen. This frequency was considerably higher than that found for spleen cells. As might be expected from such high binding frequencies, some cells bound two fluorchromated antigens when these are added together. As a direct test of the clonality of antigen binding to bone marrow B lymphocytes, whole colonies of B cells were tested for antigen binding of two non‐cross‐reacting protein antigens. The frequency of antigen‐binding clones, including double antigen‐binding clones, reflects exactly the frequencies observed for dispersed colony B cells and for in vivo derived Ig‐bearing bone marrow B cells. The frequency of double antigen‐binding colonies was equal to the product of the frequencies of the colonies binding each of the two antigens alone. No ‘mixed’ colonies containing single binding cells for each antigen were found. Thus, the ability to bind any two given antigens is a clonally distributed property of the bone marrow B lymphocyte population. Heterogenous receptors for multiple antigen binding on each cell are either randomly distributed among the B cell population, or homogenous antigen‐binding receptors on each cell have a random chance of cross‐reaction with the two antigens tested.
GENETIC STUDY OF TUNISIAN BERBERS. I. Gm, Am AND Km IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Authors: Chaabani H. , Helal A. N. , Loghem Erna van , Langaney A. , Elgaaied A. Benammar , Peran L. Rivat , Lefranc G.
Published: April 2007

The Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes and ABO blood groups were studied in three groups of Tunisian Berbers.

The results showed that the actual Berbers of Tunisia present certain heterogeneity and their ancestors were probably the first inhabitants of North Africa. Indeed, although their Gm‐Am haplotypes are mainly Caucasoid, some of them are typically African.

The group of Kesra village, the most Caucasoid, shows frequencies of Gm‐Am haplotypes very close to those of South European populations, particularly the Spanish, who are probably of the same origin. The gene frequencies of the ABO groups in the three Berber groups were similar to those recorded in European populations with a relatively high frequency of the O genes typical of the Berbers.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Herrmann Erfurt
Published: April 2007

Book Reviews in this Article

R. WITKOWSKI and O. PROKOP: Genetik erblicher Syndrome und Mgbildungen. Worterbuch fur die Familienberatung.
III. RECOGNITION OF THE ‘SURFACE‐SIMULATION’ SYNTHETIC ANTIGENIC STIES
Authors: Bixler Garvin S. , Atassi M. Zouhair
Published: April 2007

In previous studies from this laboratory the antigenic sites of lysozyme were found to be composed of spatially adjacent surface residues that are mostly distant in sequence (i.e. discontinuous sites). For synthetic mimicking of the sites, we introduced the concept of ‘surface‐simulation’ synthesis by which the binding site residues are linked directly via peptide bonds with appropriate spacing and directionality into a single peptide which does not exist in the protein but mimics a surface region of it. In the present report T cell recognition of the surface‐simulation synthetic antigenic sites has been explored in a mouse strain, B10.BR, that is a high responder to lysozyme. The discontinuous antigenic sites of lysozyme also had the capacity to stimulate proliferation of T cells driven by native lysozyme in long‐term cultures. Thus, in addition to the four continuous T sites that we have recently reported, T cell recognition of lysozyme also involves discontinuous sites. This is the first clear demonstration that, contrary to a long‐held impression, T cell recognition is not restricted only to sequence features, but can also be directed to protein discontinuous surface areas of high conformational dependency.
REGULATORY FUNCTION OF THY ‐ 1 ‐ NEGATIVE CELLS:
Authors: Guercio Paolo del , Mouton Denise , Guercio Marie‐France del , Biozzi Guido
Published: April 2007

Studies were conducted on two lines of mice genetically selected, respectively, for high (AB/H) and low (AB/L) antibody production, in order to identify the mechanism by which genes involved in the selection express their functions. It was found that B cell‐derived enhancing factor (BEF), a lymphokine of B cell origin which acts on T cells by preventing the activation of suppressor cells, is effective in inducing high responses in low responder mice, whereas it is ineffective in modulating antibody production in high responder mice. As a result, no difference was found between the responses of AB/H and AB/L mice when spleen cells were stimulated in vitro in the presence of BEF. AB/H and AB/L mice do not seem to differ in their B cell functions since no difference was found in the capacity of B cells of either line to synthesize antibodies in the presence of T cell‐replacing factor (TRF), or to produce endogeneous BEF. These data indicate that, at least in vitro, the character of general responsiveness of these two mouse lines mainly reflects differential reactivity of T suppressor cells. Since the two lines represent, respectively, the maximal and minimal responsiveness of an outbred population of animals, it is suggested that the individual difference in abtibody response is related to individual differences of T suppressor cells in responding to the immunogen.
FEMALE POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE RESPONSES TO H‐Y ANTIGEN ON MALE THYMOCYTES IN MICE: I. REGULATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSES BY H‐2‐ASSOCIATED Ir GENES
Authors: Králová J. , Němec M.
Published: April 2007

H‐2‐linked genes which control popliteal lymph node (PLN) immune responses to the H‐Y antigen were analysed. It was found that at least two genes or two groups of genes are involved in the genetic control and are responsible for the four variants of relations observed between the primary and the secondary response: +/‐, +/+, ‐/+ and ‐/‐ (+' and ‐' stand for a high and a low response, respectively). The results obtained with H‐2 recombinant haplotypes indicated that the genes controlling the primary and secondary responses map to the left and to the right of the Eα locus, respectively. A high primary response was observed in the presence of b alleles at K, Aβ, Aα, and Eβ loci, whereas a high secondary response occurred only in the presence of d alleles in the chromosomal segment between Eα and D loci. From the experiments with F1 hybrids it is clear that low secondary responses are, for the most part, dominant and that the two seemingly separate control mechanisms for the primary and secondary responses may interact.
NON‐SPECIFIC REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TO A THYMUS‐INDEPENDENT ANTIGEN, TNP‐LPS, IN HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER LINES OF MICE
Authors: Sant'Anna O. A. , Ibañez O. M. , Gennari M. , Mevel J. C. , Siqueira M. , Mouton D.
Published: April 2007

Responsiveness to a thymus‐independent (TI‐1) antigen, TNP‐LPS, was investigated in the high and low responder lines of mice resulting from four independent selective breedings carried out for antibody production to various complex natural immunogens (selections I, III, IV and V). The superiority of the high responder vs. the low responder line was generally observed, confirming that the genes accumulated through selective breeding can modify the responsiveness to unrelated antigens including TI antigens.Two special features were observed in selection III: (1) A secondary response to TNP‐LPS: higher peak values and IgG isotype antibody production were obtained in the H line. (2) Pretreatment with LPS modified the responses to TNP in the L line only.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PK ANTIGEN AS DETERMINED BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Authors: Kasai K. , Galton J. , Terasaki P. I. , Wakisaka A. , Kawahara M. , Root T. , Hakomori S. ‐I.
Published: April 2007

Using an anti‐Pk monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated CPK‐1, the expression of the Pk antigen was assessed on normal human tissue from non‐Pk individuals. Although the Pk antigen was detected on fibroblasts and blood vessels as previously reported, it was also found on smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract and the urogenital system. Pk was also found on glandular cells of the stomach, oesophagus and prostate. Additionally, CPK‐1 reacted weakly with oesophagus squamous cells, and a small number of glomeruli and tubules in the kidney. The mechanism of expression of the Pk determinant in non‐Pk individuals is discussed.
THE CELL SURFACE PHENOTYPE OF MOUSE NEUTROPHILS
Authors: Hibbs M. L. , Hogarth P. M. , Collins P. R. , McKenzie I. F. C.
Published: April 2007

Using monoclonal antibodies, mouse peritoneal neutrophils were typed for the presence of 23 cell surface alloantigens, the expression of which was quantitated by flow cytofluorometry and compared with that of lymphocytes. The H‐2K and H‐2D alloantigens and β2‐microglobulin were present on all neutrophils, but Ia and Qa antigens were not detected. It was found that Ly‐5.1, Ly‐15.2, Ly‐21.2, Ly‐24.2 (Pgp‐1) and Ly‐25.1 were present on >90% of neutropils; Ly‐6.2 and Ly‐27.2 were absent, but Ly‐28.2 (encoded by an Ly‐6 linked gene), was present on >90% of neutrophils. As expected, the lymphocyte‐specific antigens Ly‐1.1, Ly‐2.2, Ly‐3.1, Ly‐7.2, Ly‐12.1 and Thy‐1.2 were absent from the neutrophils. When compared with lymphocytes, marked differences in alloantigen expression on neutrophils were seen for Ly‐5.1, Ly‐24.2 and Ly‐28.2. These studies should be of value in the study of neutrophil structure and function.
ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF LIVER NEURAMINIDASE‐1 VARIATION IN MICE AND ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE LOCATION OF NEU‐1
Authors: Samollow P. B. , Vandeberg J. L. , Ford A. L. , Douglas T. C. , David C. S.
Published: April 2007

Neuraminidase‐1 (NEU‐1) is one of two neuraminidase isozymes which can be detected electrophoretically in mouse liver extracts. The inheritance of variation in NEU‐1 and the linkage relationships of the gene controlling this variation were studied through a backcross analysis involving the SM/J and MA/MyJ inbred strains, and by examination of NEU‐1 phenotypes in three congenic strains: Bl0.SM, Bl0.SM(22R) and B10.RVB. The data indicate that NEU‐1 is controlled by Neu‐1, a gene previously identified by its effect on total liver neuraminidase activity in whole tissue homogenates. Analysis of the congenic strains revealed identical low activity (SM/J‐type: Neu‐1α/Neu‐1α) NEU‐1 phenotypes in all three strains. This indicates that Neu‐I lies in the segment of the SM/J‐derived H‐2 region that is common to all three strains: H‐2Eα to H‐2D. In addition, we examined the relationship between NEU‐1 and phenotypic variation in liver acid phosphatase (AP; for which a new typing method is described) and linkage order among several other enzyme‐coding genes linked to H‐2. In all animals that could be scored confidently for AP, the NEU‐1 and AP phenotypes were concordant, adding support to the hypothesis that both phenotypes are controlled by Neu‐1. Recombination rates among six H‐2‐Linked marker loci were unexpectedly low, but were sufficient to verify the position of Upg‐1 as the telomeric flanking marker relative to Glo‐I, H‐2 (C4), Neu‐1 (Apl), Ce‐2 and Pgk‐2.
A MONOCLONAL ALLOANTIBODY DETECTING A POLYMORPHISM OF THE RAT LEUCOCYTE COMMON (LC) ANTIGEN
Authors: Newton M. R. , Wood K. J. , Fabre J. W.
Published: April 2007

A monoclonal antibody, NDS 58, was produced by fusing the rat myeloma line Y3 Ag 1.2.3 with spleen cells from AS rats immunized with LEW thymocytes. The determinant recognized by this antibody is leucocyte‐specific and present on all thymocytes, lymph node lymphocytes and some bone marrow cells. The strain distribution of NDS 58 was consistent with it being directed at the RT7aallele. Biochemical studies established that this antigen was carried on a cell surface glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight on thymocytes of 190,000. This study confirms that the alloantigen originally designated Ly‐1, and now termed RT7, is an allodeterminant of the LC molecule, and the controversy in this area, particularly with regard to the ART‐1 alloantigen, is discussed.