bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Results of a Special Experiment on the Registration of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances by a System of Synchronously Operating Chirp Ionosondes
Authors: Vybornov Fedor , Sheiner Olga , Kolchev Alexey , Zykov Evgeniy , Chernov Aleksandr , Shumaev Vladimir , Pershin Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

We present the results of observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) based on the data of the operation of the network of chirp oblique sounding stations of the ionosphere on 18–19 December 2019. For observations, four stations of the same type located in Vasilsursk (56.3° N; 46.08° E), Yoshkar-Ola (56.62° N; 47.87° E), Kazan (55.8° N; 49.12° E), and Nizhny Novgorod (56.32° N; 44.02° E) were used. They formed six synchronous sounding paths with lengths from 120 km to 320 km. The registration of the amplitude-frequency and distance-frequency characteristics (AFC and DFC) by the chirp oblique sounding stations was carried out every minute. Additionally, two vertical sounding stations of the ionosphere as ionosondes CADI and Cyclone (Vasilsursk and Kazan) were used. The passage of several types of TIDs has been observed. Based on the measurements of the DFC of the ionosphere, as obtained on different paths by simultaneously operated chirp stations, and ionograms obtained by vertical ionosondes, estimates of the spatial dimensions and TID velocity were made, and their direction was identified.
The Stability of Systems with Command Saturation, Command Delay, and State Delay
Authors: Nicola Marcel
Published: January 2022

This article presents the study of the stability of single-input and multiple-input systems with point or distributed state delay and input delay and input saturation. By a linear transformation applied to the initial system with delay, a system is obtained without delay, but which is equivalent from the point of view of stability. Next, using sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of linear systems with bounded control, new sufficient conditions are obtained for global asymptotic stability of the initial system with state delay and input delay and input saturation. In addition, the article presents the results on the instability and estimation of the stability region of the delay and input saturation system. The numerical simulations confirming the results obtained on stability were performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. A method is also presented for solving a transcendental matrix equation that results from the process of equating the stability of the systems with and without delay, a method which is based on the computational intelligence, namely, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method.
Investigation into Cervical Spine Biomechanics Following Single, Multilevel and Hybrid Disc Replacement Surgery with Dynamic Cervical Implant and Fusion: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Mumtaz Muzammil , Zafarparandeh Iman , Erbulut Deniz Ufuk
Published: January 2022

Cervical fusion has been a standard procedure for treating abnormalities associated with the cervical spine. However, the reliability of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has become arguable due to its adverse effects on the biomechanics of adjacent segments. One of the drawbacks associated with ACDF is adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), which has served as the base for the development of dynamic stabilization systems (DSS) and total disc replacement (TDR) devices for cervical spine. However, the hybrid surgical technique has also gained popularity recently, but its effect on the biomechanics of cervical spine is not well researched. Thus, the objective of this FE study was to draw a comparison among single-level, bi-level, and hybrid surgery with dynamic cervical implants (DCIs) with traditional fusion. Reductions in the range of motion (ROM) for all the implanted models were observed for all the motions except extension, compared to for the intact model. The maximum increase in the ROM of 42% was observed at segments C5–C6 in the hybrid DCI model. The maximum increase in the adjacent segment’s ROM of 8.7% was observed in the multilevel fusion model. The maximum von Mises stress in the implant was highest for the multilevel DCI model. Our study also showed that the shape of the DCI permitted flexion/extension relatively more compared to lateral bending and axial rotation.
Large-Scale Functional Genomics Screen to Identify Modulators of Human β-Cell Insulin Secretion
Authors: Szczerbinska Iwona , Tessitore Annamaria , Hansson Lena Kristina , Agrawal Asmita , Ragel Lopez Alejandro , Helenius Marianne , Malinowski Andrzej R. , Gilboa Barak , Ruby Maxwell A. , Gupta Ramneek , Ämmälä Carina
Published: January 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting almost half a billion people worldwide. Impaired function of pancreatic β-cells is both a hallmark of T2D and an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of the disease. Understanding the cellular mechanisms regulating appropriate insulin secretion has been of long-standing interest in the scientific and clinical communities. To identify novel genes regulating insulin secretion we developed a robust arrayed siRNA screen measuring basal, glucose-stimulated, and augmented insulin secretion by EndoC-βH1 cells, a human β-cell line, in a 384-well plate format. We screened 521 candidate genes selected by text mining for relevance to T2D biology and identified 23 positive and 68 negative regulators of insulin secretion. Among these, we validated ghrelin receptor (GHSR), and two genes implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF4 and HSPA5. Thus, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using EndoC-βH1 cells for large-scale siRNA screening to identify candidate genes regulating β-cell insulin secretion as potential novel drug targets. Furthermore, this screening format can be adapted to other disease-relevant functional endpoints to enable large-scale screening for targets regulating cellular mechanisms contributing to the progressive loss of functional β-cell mass occurring in T2D.
EMG-Triggered Pedaling Training on Muscle Activation, Gait, and Motor Function for Stroke Patients
Authors: Lee Kyeongjin
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effects of electromyography (EMG)-triggered pedaling training to improve motor functions in the lower extremities, muscle activation, gait, postural balance, and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: the EMG-triggered pedaling training group (EMG-PTG, n = 21) and the traditional pedaling training group (TPTG, n = 20). Both groups trained five times per week for four weeks, with 50 min per session. Lower extremity motor function was assessed using the Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA). Muscle activation of the four muscles of the lower extremities was assessed using eight-channel electromyography, while gait ability was assessed using GaitRite. Postural balance was assessed using the Berg balance scale (BBS), the timed up and go (TUG), and functional reach tests (FRT). Daily activities were assessed using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). For lower extremity motor function, gait ability, balance ability, and activities of daily living, the EMG-PTG showed significant improvement compared to TPTG (p < 0.05). These results suggest that EMG-triggered pedaling training effectively improves lower extremity motor function, muscle activation, gait, postural balance, and activities of daily living in stroke patients.
Visual Duration but Not Numerosity Is Distorted While Running
Authors: Petrizzo Irene , Anobile Giovanni , Chelli Eleonora , Arrighi Roberto , Burr David Charles
Published: January 2022

There is increasing evidence that action and perception interact in the processing of magnitudes such as duration and numerosity. Sustained physical exercise (such as running or cycling) increases the apparent duration of visual stimuli presented during the activity. However, the effect of exercise on numerosity perception has not yet been investigated. Here, we asked participants to make either a temporal or a numerical judgment by comparing the duration or numerosity of standard stimuli displayed at rest with those presented while running. The results support previous reports in showing that physical activity significantly expands perceived duration; however, it had no effect on perceived numerosity. Furthermore, the distortions of the perceived durations vanished soon after the running session, making it unlikely that physiological factors such as heart rate underlie the temporal distortion. Taken together, these results suggest a domain-selective influence of the motor system on the perception of time, rather than a general effect on magnitude.
Evidence of Energy Metabolism Alterations in Cultured Neonatal Astrocytes Derived from the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: Zampieri Bruna L. , Costa Alberto C. S.
Published: January 2022

For many decades, neurons have been the central focus of studies on the mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative aspects of Down syndrome (DS). Astrocytes, which were once thought to have only a passive role, are now recognized as active participants of a variety of essential physiological processes in the brain. Alterations in their physiological function have, thus, been increasingly acknowledged as likely initiators of or contributors to the pathogenesis of many nervous system disorders and diseases. In this study, we carried out a series of real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in hippocampal astrocytes derived from neonatal Ts65Dn and euploid control mice using a Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer. Our results revealed a significant basal OCR increase in neonatal Ts65Dn astrocytes compared with those from control mice, indicating increased oxidative phosphorylation. ECAR did not differ between the groups. Given the importance of astrocytes in brain metabolic function and the linkage between astrocytic and neuronal energy metabolism, these data provide evidence against a pure “neurocentric” vision of DS pathophysiology and support further investigations on the potential contribution of disturbances in astrocytic energy metabolism to cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration associated with DS.
Auger Emitter Conjugated PARP Inhibitor for Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancers: A Comparative In-Vitro Study
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Ramya , Peil Jennifer , Vogg Andreas , Bolm Carsten , Terhorst Steven , Classen Arno , Bauwens Matthias , Maurer Jochen , Mottaghy Felix , Morgenroth Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are currently approved for BRCAmut metastatic breast cancer, but they have shown limited response in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Combination of an Auger emitter with PARPis enables PARP inhibition and DNA strand break induction simultaneously. This will enhance cytotoxicity and additionally allow a theranostic approach. This study presents the radiosynthesis of the Auger emitter [125I] coupled olaparib derivative: [125I]-PARPi-01, and its therapeutic evaluation in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Specificity was tested by a blocking assay. DNA strand break induction was analysed by γH2AX immunofluorescence staining. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays were studied using flow cytometry in TNBC cell lines (BRCAwt/mut). Anchorage independent growth potential was evaluated using soft agar assay. [125I]-PARPi-01 showed PARP1-specificity and higher cytotoxicity than olaparib in TNBC cell lines irrespective of BRCA their status. Cell lines harbouring DNA repair deficiency showed response to [125I]-PARPi-01 monotherapy. Combined treatment with Dox-NP further enhanced therapeutic efficiency in metastatic resistant BRCAwt cell lines. The clonogenic survival was significantly reduced after treatment with [125I]-PARPi-01 in all TNBC lines investigated. Therapeutic efficacy was further enhanced after combined treatment with chemotherapeutics. [125I]-PARPi-01 is a promising radiotherapeutic agent for low radiation dosages, and mono/combined therapies of TNBC.
Changes in Serum Growth Factors during Lenvatinib Predict the Post Progressive Survival in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zijian , Suda Goki , Maehara Osamu , Ohara Masatsugu , Yoshida Sonoe , Hosoda Shunichi , Kimura Megumi , Kubo Akinori , Tokuchi Yoshimasa , Fu Qingjie , Yamada Ren , Kitagataya Takashi , Suzuki Kazuharu , Kawagishi Naoki , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Morikawa Kenichi , Ogawa Koji , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Sakamoto Naoya
Published: January 2022

Serum growth factor changes and their effect on prognosis during lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain underexplored. The sequential changes in serum growth factors during lenvatinib for unresectable HCC were evaluated in 58 patients using complete clinical data, and preserved serum was used to investigate changes in FGF-19, ANG-2, HGF, VEGF, and EGF. Patients with a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) were evaluated for growth factor changes between the best response and progressive disease (PD) points, classified based on these changes, and evaluated by post progression survival (PPS). A total of 8, 24, 18, and 8 patients showed CR, PR, SD, and PD, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, relative dose intensity, and baseline ANG-2 were significantly associated with treatment response. Growth factor changes between the best response and PD points revealed that patients could be classified into four groups based on the EGF, ANG-2, and HGF changes. Although patient characteristics at baseline and PD, their response to lenvatinib, and PFS were similar among those groups, patients with an increase in all growth factors had significantly shorter PPS (median PPS was 553, 323, and 316 versus 173 days in groups 1–4 p = 0.032). We revealed that the evaluation of the changes in growth factors during lenvatinib could predict PPS.
Hyperfractionated Treatment with 177Lu-Octreotate Increases Tumor Response in Human Small-Intestine Neuroendocrine GOT1 Tumor Model
Authors: Elvborn Mikael , Shubbar Emman , Forssell-Aronsson Eva
Published: January 2022

Radionuclide treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors has advanced in the last decades with favorable results using 177Lu-octreotate. However, the gap between the high cure rate in animal studies vs. patient studies indicates a potential to increase the curation of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the tumor response for different fractionation schemes with 177Lu-octreotate. BALB/c mice bearing a human small-intestine neuroendocrine GOT1 tumor were either mock treated with saline or injected intravenously with a total of 30–120 MBq of 177Lu-octreotate: 1 × 30, 2 × 15, 1 × 60, 2 × 30, 1 × 120, 2 × 60, or 3 × 40 MBq. The tumor volume was measured twice per week until the end of the experiment. The mean tumor volume for mice that received 2 × 15 = 30 and 1 × 30 MBq 177Lu-octreotate was reduced by 61% and 52%, respectively. The mean tumor volume was reduced by 91% and 44% for mice that received 2 × 30 = 60 and 1 × 60 MBq 177Lu-octreotate, respectively. After 120 MBq 177Lu-octreotate, given as 1–3 fractions, the mean tumor volume was reduced by 91–97%. Multiple fractions resulted in delayed regrowth and prolonged overall survival by 20–25% for the 120 MBq groups and by 45% for lower total activities, relative to one fraction. The results indicate that fractionation and hyperfractionation of 177Lu-octreotate are beneficial for tumor reduction and prolongs the time to regrowth.
The Functional Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cancer
Authors: Popova Nadezhda V. , Jücker Manfred
Published: January 2022

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodeled and degraded to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM is a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, and cancer development and progression require its extensive reorganization. Cancerized ECM is biochemically different in its composition and is stiffer compared to normal ECM. The abnormal ECM affects cancer progression by directly promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The restructured extracellular matrix and its degradation fragments (matrikines) also modulate the signaling cascades mediated by the interaction with cell-surface receptors, deregulate the stromal cell behavior and lead to emergence of an oncogenic microenvironment. Here, we summarize the current state of understanding how the composition and structure of ECM changes during cancer progression. We also describe the functional role of key proteins, especially tenascin C and fibronectin, and signaling molecules involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways that they activate in cancer cells.
A New Approach for a Safe and Reproducible Seeds Positioning for Diffusing Alpha-Emitters Radiation Therapy of Squamous Cell Skin Cancer: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Feliciani Giacomo , Bellia Salvatore Roberto , Del Duca Massimo , Mazzotti Giorgio , Monti Manuela , Stanganelli Ignazio , Keisari Yona , Kelson Itzhak , Popovtzer Aron , Romeo Antonino , Sarnelli Anna
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to discuss how to use an external radio-opaque template in the Diffusing Alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy (DaRT) technique’s pre-planning and treatment stages. This device would help to determine the proper number of sources for tumour coverage, accounting for subcutaneous invasion and augmenting DaRT safety. The procedure will be carried out in a first phase on a phantom and then applied to a clinical case. A typical DaRT procedure workflow comprises steps like tumour measurements and delineation, source number assessment, and therapy administration. As a first step, an adhesive fiberglass mesh (spaced by 2 mm) tape was applied on the skin of the patient and employed as frame of reference. A physician contoured the lesion and marked the entrance points for the needles with a radio opaque ink marker. According to the radio opaque marks and metabolic uptake the clinical target volume was defined, and with a commercial brachytherapy treatment planning system (TPS) it was possible to simulate and adjust the spatial seeds distribution. After the implant procedure a CT was again performed to check the agreement between simulations and seeds positions. With the procedure described above it was possible to simulate a DaRT procedure on a phantom in order to train physicians and subsequently apply the novel approach on patients, outlining the major issues involved in the technique. The present work innovates and supports DaRT technique for the treatment of cutaneous cancers, improving its efficacy and safety.
Predicting Frailty and Geriatric Interventions in Older Cancer Patients: Performance of Two Screening Tools for Seven Frailty Definitions—ELCAPA Cohort
Authors: Martinez-Tapia Claudia , Laurent Marie , Paillaud Elena , Caillet Philippe , Ferrat Emilie , Lagrange Jean-Léon , Rwabihama Jean-Paul , Allain Mylène , Chahwakilian Anne , Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie , Audureau Etienne
Published: January 2022

Screening tools have been developed to identify patients warranting a complete geriatric assessment (GA). However, GA lacks standardization and does not capture important aspects of geriatric oncology practice. We measured and compared the diagnostic performance of screening tools G8 and modified G8 according to multiple clinically relevant reference standards. We included 1136 cancer patients ≥ 70 years old referred for GA (ELCAPA cohort; median age, 80 years; males, 52%; main locations: digestive (36.3%), breast (16%), and urinary tract (14.8%); metastases, 43.5%). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) estimates were compared between both tools against: (1) the detection of ≥1 or (2) ≥2 GA impairments, (3) the prescription of ≥1 geriatric intervention and the identification of an unfit profile according to (4) a latent class typology, expert-based classifications from (5) Balducci, (6) the International Society of Geriatric Oncology task force (SIOG), or using (7) a GA frailty index according to the Rockwood accumulation of deficits principle. AUROC values were ≥0.80 for both tools under all tested definitions. They were statistically significantly higher for the modified G8 for six reference standards: ≥1 GA impairment (0.93 vs. 0.89), ≥2 GA impairments (0.90 vs. 0.87), ≥1 geriatric intervention (0.85 vs. 0.81), unfit according to Balducci (0.86 vs. 0.80) and SIOG classifications (0.88 vs. 0.83), and according to the GA frailty index (0.86 vs. 0.84). Our findings demonstrate the robustness of both screening tools against different reference standards, with evidence of better diagnostic performance of the modified G8.
Epigenetic Priming with Decitabine Augments the Therapeutic Effect of Cisplatin on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells through Induction of Proapoptotic Factor NOXA
Authors: Nakajima Wataru , Miyazaki Kai , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Asano Yumi , Ishibashi Mariko , Kurita Tomoko , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Takei Hiroyuki , Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: January 2022

Epigenetic alterations caused by aberrant DNA methylation have a crucial role in cancer development, and the DNA-demethylating agent decitabine, is used to treat hematopoietic malignancy. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have shown sensitivity to decitabine; however, the underlying mechanism of its anticancer effect and its effectiveness in treating TNBCs are not fully understood. We analyzed the effects of decitabine on nine TNBC cell lines and examined genes associated with its cytotoxic effects. According to the effect of decitabine, we classified the cell lines into cell death (D)-type, growth inhibition (G)-type, and resistant (R)-type. In D-type cells, decitabine induced the expression of apoptotic regulators and, among them, NOXA was functionally involved in decitabine-induced apoptosis. In G-type cells, induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, and cell cycle arrest were observed. Furthermore, decitabine enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin mediated by NOXA in D-type and G-type cells. In contrast, the sensitivity to cisplatin was high in R-type cells, and no enhancing effect by decitabine was observed. These results indicate that decitabine enhances the proapoptotic effect of cisplatin on TNBC cell lines that are less sensitive to cisplatin, indicating the potential for combination therapy in TNBC.
Harnessing Antitumor CD4+ T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ben Khelil Myriam , Godet Yann , Abdeljaoued Syrine , Borg Christophe , Adotévi Olivier , Loyon Romain
Published: January 2022

Over the past decades, CD4+ T cells have been considered as a supporting actor in the fields of cancer immunotherapy. Until recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the critical role of CD4+ T cells during antitumor immunity. CD4+ T cells can either suppress or promote the antitumor cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, either in secondary lymphoid organs or in the tumor. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of different CD4+ T cell subsets in cancer immune response and their contribution during cancer therapies. Specifically, we focus on the latest progress regarding the impact of CD4+ T cell modulation on immunotherapies and other cancer therapies and discuss the prospect for harnessing CD4+ T cells to control tumor progression and prevent recurrence in patients.
Association between CT-Based Preoperative Sarcopenia and Outcomes in Patients That Underwent Liver Resections
Authors: Martin David , Maeder Yaël , Kobayashi Kosuke , Schneider Michael , Koerfer Joachim , Melloul Emmanuel , Halkic Nermin , Hübner Martin , Demartines Nicolas , Becce Fabio , Uldry Emilie
Published: January 2022

This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative sarcopenia, assessed by CT imaging, was associated with postoperative clinical outcomes and overall survival in patients that underwent liver resections. Patients operated on between January 2014 and February 2020 were included. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on preoperative CT scans. Preoperative sarcopenia was defined based on pre-established SMI cut-off values. The outcomes were postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall survival. Among 355 patients, 212 (59.7%) had preoperative sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia were significantly older (63.5 years) and had significantly lower BMIs (23.9 kg/m2) than patients without sarcopenia (59.3 years, p < 0.01, and 27.7 kg/m2, p < 0.01, respectively). There was no difference in LOS (8 vs. 8 days, p = 0.75), and the major complication rates were comparable between the two groups (11.2% vs. 11.3%, p = 1.00). The median overall survival times were comparable between patients with sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia (15 vs. 16 months, p = 0.87). Based on CT assessment alone, preoperative sarcopenia appeared to have no impact on postoperative clinical outcomes or overall survival in patients that underwent liver resections. Future efforts should also consider muscle strength and physical performance, in addition to imaging, for preoperative risk stratification.
IFN-Gamma Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment and CD8-Positive Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes as Prognostic Markers in Urothelial Cancer Patients Receiving Pembrolizumab
Authors: Sakatani Toru , Kita Yuki , Fujimoto Masakazu , Sano Takeshi , Hamada Akihiro , Nakamura Kenji , Takada Hideaki , Goto Takayuki , Sawada Atsuro , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: January 2022

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown benefit for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) patients, prognostication of treatment efficacy and response duration remains a clinical challenge. We evaluated the expression of immune markers in the tumor microenvironment and assessed their associations with response to and survival after pembrolizumab treatment in 26 aUC patients. High levels of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were associated with favorable objective responses (23.0% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.0425), progression-free survival (median, 8.8 vs 2.1 months; hazard ratio (HR), 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07–0.66, p = 0.0060), and overall survival (median, >24.0 vs. 5.3 months; HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04–0.56, p = 0.0034) compared with low levels. High interferon-gamma (IFNγ) expression levels were associated with longer post-progression survival (median, 4.9 vs. 1.0 months; HR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04–0.59, p = 0.0027) compared with low expression. Multivariate analysis incorporating clinical prognosticators demonstrated that the coincidence of low CD8+ T cells/IFNγ was an independent factor for unfavorable overall survival after pembrolizumab treatment (HR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.36–12.73; p = 0.0125). The combination of low CD8+ TILs and IFNγ expression was an independent prognostic factor with predictive ability equivalent to previously reported clinical prognosticators.
Lymphoma versus Carcinoma and Other Collaborations
Authors: Pulford Karen
Published: January 2022

David Mason started his research career at a time when lymphoma diagnosis was based primarily on cellular morphology, clinical symptoms and special cytochemical stains using formalin fixed tissue sections. There were occasions, however, where the morphology was unhelpful, such as in the case of anaplastic or poorly differentiated tumours, where a distinction between lymphoma and a non-haematopoietic tumour was often problematical. Accurate diagnosis became even more important with the developments in the clinical staging of lymphoma and the availability of more effective treatments. One way forward to improve diagnosis was to use immunohistochemistry to study the antigens expressed by the tumor cells.
Chronic Nocturnal Abdominal Pain as the Presentation of Inverted Meckel Diverticulum: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Ting-Yu , Su Yu-Tsun , Ko Po-Jui , Chen Yea-Ling , Shih Hsiang-Hung , Tsai Ching-Chung
Published: January 2022

The common clinical manifestations of Meckel’s diverticulum include painless lower gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Intussusception induced by inverted Meckel’s diverticulum has rarely been reported; furthermore, there is no report thus far of chronic nocturnal abdominal pain as a presenting symptom in children with Meckel’s diverticulum. A 4-year-and-10-month-old girl with no significant history of previous illness presented with the sole complaint of chronic nocturnal abdominal pain for 3 months. The patient was reported to be asymptomatic during the day. A provisional diagnosis of chronic ileoileal intussusception was already under consideration in her previous hospital visits elsewhere. Physical examination revealed a soft, non-distended abdomen without tenderness. Imaging studies revealed ileoileal intussusception. Exploratory laparotomy showed ileoileal intussusception induced by an inverted Meckel’s diverticulum with ulceration. The patient underwent successful surgery and made a full recovery. We report this case to remind physicians that Meckel’s diverticulum should be considered in differential diagnosis of children presenting with the isolated symptom of chronic nocturnal abdominal pain.
Electrodeposition of Thick and Crack-Free Fe-Cr-Ni Coatings from a Cr (III) Electrolyte
Authors: Meinhold Vanessa , Höhlich Dominik , Mehner Thomas , Lampke Thomas
Published: January 2022

The electrodeposition of iron-nickel-chromium coatings is a more environmentally friendly and economical alternative to hard-chrome coatings made from chromium (VI) electrolytes and stainless-steel bulk materials. The aim of the study was to develop a suitable deposition method for thick and low-crack Fe-Cr-Ni coatings. Iron-nickel-chromium coatings were electrodeposited using a more ecological chromium (III) electrolyte with direct current (DC), stepped direct current, and pulse current (PC). The influence of the deposition method on the electrolyte aging, the alloy composition of the coating, and their microstructure was investigated. Corrosion studies of the Fe-Cr-Ni coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution were performed using polarization tests. Furthermore, hardness measurements and scratch tests were carried out to determine the adhesion strength. Phase analyses were performed by X-ray diffraction, and the chemical composition and microstructure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Using the stepped DC and PC method, crack-free Fe-Cr-Ni coatings were successfully deposited.
Effects of Ambience on Thermal-Diffusion Type Ga-doping Process for ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Islam Md Maruful , Yoshida Toshiyuki , Fujita Yasuhisa
Published: January 2022

Various annealing atmospheres were employed during our unique thermal-diffusion type Ga-doping process to investigate the surface, structural, optical, and electrical properties of Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) layers. ZnO NPs were synthesized using an arc-discharge-mediated gas evaporation method, followed by Ga-doping under open-air, N2, O2, wet, and dry air atmospheric conditions at 800 °C to obtain the low resistive spray-coated NP layers. The I–V results revealed that the Ga-doped ZnO NP layer successfully reduced the sheet resistance in the open air (8.0 × 102 Ω/sq) and wet air atmosphere (8.8 × 102 Ω/sq) compared with un-doped ZnO (4.6 × 106 Ω/sq). Humidity plays a key role in the successful improvement of sheet resistance during Ga-doping. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated hexagonal wurtzite structures with increased crystallite sizes of 103 nm and 88 nm after doping in open air and wet air atmospheres, respectively. The red-shift of UV intensity indicates successful Ga-doping, and the atmospheric effects were confirmed through the analysis of the defect spectrum. Improved electrical conductivity was also confirmed using the thin-film-transistor-based structure. The current controllability by applying the gate electric-field was also confirmed, indicating the possibility of transistor channel application using the obtained ZnO NP layers.
Polydopamine-Coated Copper-Substituted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Dual Cancer Therapy
Authors: Busa Prabhakar , Koutavarapu Ravindranadh , Kuthati Yaswanth
Published: January 2022

Combinational therapy using chemodynamictherapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is known to enhance the therapeutic outcome for cancer treatment. In this study, a biocompatible nano formulation was developed by coating polydopamine (PDA) over doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded copper-substituted mesoporous silica (CuMSN) nanoparticles. PDA coating not only allowed selective photothermal properties with an extended DOX release but also enhanced the water solubility and biocompatibility of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites displayed a monodispersed shape and pH-dependent release characteristics, with an outstanding photothermal conversion and excellent tumor cell inhibition. The cellular-uptake experiments of CuMSN@DOX@PDA in A549 cells indicated that nanoparticles (NPs) aided in the enhanced DOX uptake in tumor cells compared to free DOX with synergistic anti-cancer effects. Moreover, the cell-viability studies displayed remarkable tumor inhibition in combinational therapy over monotherapy. Thus, the synthesized CuMSN@DOX@PDA NPs can serve as a promising platform for dual cancer therapy.
Controllable Preparation of Fe3O4@RF and Its Evolution to Yolk–Shell-Structured Fe@C Composite Microspheres with High Microwave Absorbing Performance
Authors: Li Xue , Lou Peng , Yang Longquan
Published: January 2022

Fe3O4@RF microspheres with different phenolic (RF) layer thicknesses are prepared by adjusting the polymerization time. With the prepared Fe3O4@RF as the precursor, Fe@C composite microspheres with rattle-like morphology are obtained through one-step controlled carbonization. This method simplifies the preparation of rattle-shaped microspheres from sandwich microspheres. Fe@C microspheres exhibit excellent microwave absorbing properties. The morphology and composition of the product are investigated depending on the effects of carbonization temperature, time and thickness of the RF layer. When the carbonization temperature is 700 °C, the carbonization time is 12 h and the polymer shell thickness is 62 nm, the inner hollow Fe3O4 is completely reduced to Fe. The absorption properties of the materials are compared before and after the reduction of Fe3O4. Both Fe@C-12 and Fe3O4@C-700 show excellent absorbing properties. When the filler content is 50%, the maximum reflection loss (RLmax) of the rattle-shaped Fe@C microspheres is −50.15 dB, and the corresponding matching thickness is 3.5 mm. At a thickness of 1.7 mm, the RLmax of Fe3O4@C-700 is −44.42 dB, which is slightly worse than that of Fe@C-12. Both dielectric loss and magnetic loss play a vital role in electromagnetic wave absorption. This work prepares rattle-shaped absorbing materials in a simple way, which has significance for guiding the construction of rattle-shaped materials.
New Frontiers in Cementitious and Lime-Based Materials and Composites
Authors: Signorini Cesare , Sola Antonella , Chakraborty Sumit , Volpini Valentina
Published: January 2022

Cement and lime currently are the most common binders in building materials. However, alternative materials and methods are needed to overcome the functional limitations and environmental footprint of conventional products. This Special Issue is entirely dedicated to “New frontiers in cementitious and lime-based materials and composites” and gathers selected reviews and experimental articles that showcase the most recent trends in this multidisciplinary field. Authoritative contributions from all around the world provide important insights into all areas of research related to cementitious and lime-based materials and composites, spanning from structural engineering to geotechnics, including materials science and processing technology. This topical cross-disciplinary collection is intended to foster innovation and help researchers and developers to identify new solutions for a more sustainable and functional built environment.
Wide Bandwidth Silicon Nitride Strip-Loaded Grating Coupler on Lithium Niobate Thin Film
Authors: Yang Fan , Fang Hong , Han Huangpu , Xiang Bingxi
Published: January 2022

In this research, a vertical silicon nitride strip-loaded grating coupler on lithium niobate thin film was proposed, designed, and simulated. In order to improve the coupling efficiency and bandwidth, the parameters such as the SiO2 cladding layer thickness, grating period, duty cycle, fiber position, and fiber angle were optimized and analyzed. The alignment tolerances of the grating coupler parameters were also calculated. The maximum coupling efficiency and the −3 dB bandwidth were optimized to 33.5% and 113 nm, respectively. In addition, the grating coupler exhibited a high alignment tolerance.
Green Synthesis of Mn + Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Vinca rosea Extract and Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Catalytic Activities
Authors: Ahmad Mohamad , Kotb Hicham , Mushtaq Shehla , Waheed-Ur-Rehman Mir , Maghanga Christopher , Alam Mir
Published: January 2022

This article outlines the preparation of manganese-doped copper nanoparticles (Mn + Cu NPs) using Vinca rosea (L.) leaf extract as a convenient and environmentally friendly substance. UV–vis, FT–IR, XRD, SEM–EDAX, and DLS instrumental techniques were employed to describe the physical and chemical properties of synthesized V. rosea extract-mediated Vr-Mn + Cu NPs. The synthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs were observed to be monodispersed and spherical, with an average size of 412 nm. The plant extract includes a variety of phytochemical components. The Vr-Mn + Cu NPs also have potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties against selected pathogens. The green synthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs showed a maximum inhibition zone of 16.33 ± 0.57 mm against E. coli. For dye degradation, MR, EBT, and MO showed the highest degradation percentage capabilities with Vr-Mn + Cu NP-based adsorbents, which were determined to be 78.54 ± 0.16, 87.67 ± 0.06, and 69.79 ± 0.36. The results clearly show that biosynthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs may be employed as an antioxidant, antibacterial, photocatalytic dye degradation, and catalytic agent, as well as being ecologically benign.
LaNi0.6Co0.4−xFexO3−δ as Air-Side Contact Material for La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes
Authors: Singh Kalpana , Addo Paul Kwesi , Thangadurai Venkataraman , Prado-Gonjal Jesús , Molero-Sánchez Beatriz
Published: January 2022

The goal of the current work was to identify an air-side-optimized contact material for La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ (LCFCr) electrodes and a Crofer22APU interconnect for use in reversible solid oxide fuel cells (RSOFCs). LaNi0.6Co0.4−xFexO3 (x = 0–0.3) perovskite-type oxides were investigated in this work. The partial substitution of Co by Fe decreased the thermal expansion coefficient values (TEC) closer to the values of the LCFCr and Crofer 22 APU interconnects. The oxides were synthesized using the glycine–nitrate method and were characterized using X-ray thermodiffraction and 4-probe DC electrical conductivity measurements. Based on the materials characterization results from the Fe-doped oxides investigated here, the LaNi0.6Co0.2Fe0.2O3−δ composition was selected as a good candidate for the contact material, as it exhibited an acceptable electrical conductivity value of 395 S·cm−1 at 800 °C in air and a TEC value of 14.98 × 10−6 K−1 (RT-900 °C).
Assessment of the Durability Dynamics of High-Performance Concrete Blended with a Fibrous Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Nduka David O. , Olawuyi Babatunde J. , Fagbenle Olabosipo I. , Fonteboa Belén G.
Published: January 2022

The present study examines the durability properties of Class 1 (50–75 MPa) high-performance concrete (HPC) blended with rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement of CEM II B-L, 42.5 N. Six HPC mixes were prepared with RHA and used as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of CEM II alone and properties are compared with control mix having only CEM II. The binders (CEM II and RHA) were investigated for particle size distribution (PSD), specific surface area (SSA), oxide compositions, mineralogical phases, morphology, and functional groups using advanced techniques of laser PSD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection (FTIR/ATR), respectively, to understand their import on HPC. Durability properties, including water absorption, sorptivity, and chemical attack of the HPC samples, were investigated to realise the effect of RHA on the HPC matrix. The findings revealed that the durability properties of RHA-based HPCs exhibited an acceptable range of values consistent with relevant standards. The findings established that self-produced RHA would be beneficial as a cement replacement in HPC. As the RHA is a cost-effective agro-waste, a scalable product of RHA would be a resource for sustainable technology.
One−Step Synthesis of Popcorn−Carbon/Co3O4 Composites as High−Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Wang Ruiyu , Zhang Mengfan , Xu Hao , Guo Shuo , Chi Mengqi , Li Guohao , Gao Zhihua , Li Zhaohai , Zhang Xintao , Shen Yonghua , Du Wei , Zhang Yuping
Published: January 2022

In this study, a novel assisted liquid−phase plasma electrolysis was developed to realize one−step synthesis of popcorn biomass−derived porous carbon/cobalt tetroxide (popcorn−carbon/Co3O4) composites, effectively improving the structural stability and conductivity of Co3O4. The phase structure, morphologies, chemical composition, and weight ratio of the as−prepared popcorn−carbon/Co3O4 composites were systematically analyzed. The results of X−ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrometer, Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X−ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and thermogravimetry analyzer (TG) proved the synthesis of the popcorn−carbon/Co3O4 composites. Co3O4 nanoparticles were distributed relatively uniformly on the popcorn−carbon surface. The electrochemical properties of the popcorn−carbon/Co3O4 composite electrode materials were analyzed for exploring the influence of different Co/C ratios on the electrochemical properties of composites. The results showed that the popcorn−carbon/Co3O4 composite electrode materials prepared under 200:1 mass ratio of Co(NO3)2·6H2O and popcorn−carbon possessed a specific capacitance and specific capacity of almost 1264 F/g (594 C/g) at a current density of 1 A/g, exhibiting a better electrochemical property. The efficient, fast, and novel assisted liquid−phase plasma electrolysis provides a new method for the preparation of composite electrode materials on the supercapacitors.
Equity-Oriented Healthcare: What It Is and Why We Need It in Oncology
Authors: Horrill Tara C. , Browne Annette J. , Stajduhar Kelli I.
Published: January 2022

Alarming differences exist in cancer outcomes for people most impacted by persistent and widening health and social inequities. People who are socially disadvantaged often have higher cancer-related mortality and are diagnosed with advanced cancers more often than other people. Such outcomes are linked to the compounding effects of stigma, discrimination, and other barriers, which create persistent inequities in access to care at all points in the cancer trajectory, preventing timely diagnosis and treatment, and further widening the health equity gap. In this commentary, we discuss how growing evidence suggests that people who are considered marginalized are not well-served by the cancer care sector and how the design and structure of services can often impose profound barriers to populations considered socially disadvantaged. We highlight equity-oriented healthcare as one strategy that can begin to address inequities in health outcomes and access to care by taking action to transform organizational cultures and approaches to the design and delivery of cancer services.
Phylogeography of Hypomasticus copelandii (Teleostei, Anostomidae) Reveals Distinct Genetic Lineages along Atlantic Coastal Drainages of Eastern Brazil
Authors: Mendes Izabela S. , Melo Bruno F. , Damasceno Júnio S. , Teixeira Daniel F. , Carvalho Daniel C.
Published: January 2022

Hypomasticus copelandii is a Neotropical freshwater fish widely distributed across coastal drainages of southeastern Brazil, a highly impacted region of South America. The interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the genus and the taxonomic status of the species remain uncertain. Using two mitochondrial and one nuclear locus, we performed a phylogenetic, species delimitation, and time-calibrated analyses to test the hypothesis that H. copelandii is a species complex currently delimited by different Atlantic coastal systems. Results indicate that H. copelandii presents two well-delimited genetic lineages: one in the northern drainages of the Jucuruçu, Mucuri and Doce rivers, and the other in the southern region represented by the Paraíba do Sul River Basin. The time-calibrated phylogeny indicated a split between the two genetic lineages at around 2.8 million years ago (Ma), which might be related to headwater capture events during the Plio-Pleistocene. The discovery of a distinct genetic lineage for H. copelandii suggests distinct management plans for the northern and southern drainages. Such hidden diversity within the H. copelandii provides useful information for taxonomy and conservation across a severely impacted region of Brazil.
Perspectives in Earthworm Molecular Phylogeny: Recent Advances in Lumbricoidea and Standing Questions
Authors: Marchán Daniel Fernández , Decaëns Thibaud , Domínguez Jorge , Novo Marta
Published: January 2022

Earthworm systematics have been limited by the small number of taxonomically informative morphological characters and high levels of homoplasy in this group. However, molecular phylogenetic techniques have yielded significant improvements in earthworm taxonomy in the last 15 years. Several different approaches based on the use of different molecular markers, sequencing techniques, and compromises between specimen/taxon coverage and phylogenetic information have recently emerged (DNA barcoding, multigene phylogenetics, mitochondrial genome analysis, transcriptome analysis, targeted enrichment methods, and reduced representation techniques), providing solutions to different evolutionary questions regarding European earthworms. Molecular phylogenetics have led to significant advances being made in Lumbricidae systematics, such as the redefinition or discovery of new genera (Galiciandrilus, Compostelandrilus, Vindoboscolex, Castellodrilus), delimitation and revision of previously existing genera (Kritodrilus, Eophila, Zophoscolex, Bimastos), and changes to the status of subspecific taxa (such as the Allolobophorachaetophora complex). These approaches have enabled the identification of problems that can be resolved by molecular phylogenetics, including the revision of Aporrectodea, Allolobophora, Helodrilus, and Dendrobaena, as well as the examination of small taxa such as Perelia, Eumenescolex, and Iberoscolex. Similar advances have been made with the family Hormogastridae, in which integrative systematics have contributed to the description of several new species, including the delimitation of (formerly) cryptic species. At the family level, integrative systematics have provided a new genus system that better reflects the diversity and biogeography of these earthworms, and phylogenetic comparative methods provide insight into earthworm macroevolution. Despite these achievements, further research should be performed on the Tyrrhenian cryptic complexes, which are of special eco-evolutionary interest. These examples highlight the potential value of applying molecular phylogenetic techniques to other earthworm families, which are very diverse and occupy different terrestrial habitats across the world. The systematic implementation of such approaches should be encouraged among the different expert groups worldwide, with emphasis on collaboration and cooperation.