bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA-seq assembler artifacts can bias expression counts and differential expression analysis - case study on the chickpea transcriptome emphasizes importance of freely accessible data for reproducibility
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep
Published: December 2016

The unprecedented volume of genomic and transcriptomic data analyzed by software pipelines makes verification of inferences based on such data, albeit theoretically possible, a challenging proposition. The availability of intermediate data can immensely aid re-validation efforts. One such example is the transcriptome, assembled from raw RNA-seq reads, which is frequently used for annotation and quantification of genes transcribed. The quality of the assembled transcripts influences the accuracy of inferences based on them. Here the publicly available transcriptome from Cicer arietinum (ICC4958; Desi chickpea, http://www.nipgr.res.in/ctdb.html)1 was analyzed using YeATS2. This revealed that a majority of the highly expressed transcripts (HET) encoded multiple genes, strongly indicating that the counts may have been biased by the merging of different transcripts. TC00004 is ranked in the top five HET for all five tissues analyzed here, and encodes both a retinoblastoma-binding-like protein (E-value=0) and a senescence-associated protein (E-value= 5e-108). Fragmented transcripts are another source of error. The ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain (RBCSC) protein is split into two transcripts with an overlapping amino acid sequence "ASNGGRVHC", TC13991 and TC23009, with length 201 and 332 nucleotides and expression counts 17.90 and 1403.8, respectively. The huge difference in counts indicates an erroneous normalization algorithm in determining counts. It is well known that RBCSC is highly expressed and expectedly TC23009 ranks fifth among HETs in the shoot. Furthermore, some transcripts are split into open reading frames that map to the same protein, although this should not have any significant bearing on the counts. It is proposed that studies analyzing differential expression based on the transcriptome should consider these artifacts, and providing intermediate assembled transcriptomes should be mandatory, possibly with a link to the raw sequence data (Bioproject).
On estimating the influence of mechanical characteristics of induction electric motors on the rotation of cantilever cranes
Authors: Селенский Евгений , Selenskiy Evgeniy , Селенская Татьяна , Selenskaya Tatyana , Ионкина Анастасия , Ionkina Anastasiya
Published: December 2016

We study the influence ofstatic and dynamic characteristics of a driving induction electric motor on the rotation of cantilevel cranes both as they accelerate and reach steady motion.
Methods of the estimation of readiness of the telecommunication networks of organs of administration on example of the territory of Bryansk region.
Authors: Лозбинев Фёдор , Lozbinev Fedor , Кобышев Андрей , Kobyshev Andrey
Published: December 2016

Approaches of estimation of the factors of stability and wholeness of telecommunications are shown. Description of algorithm of the calculation factor of readiness of object of network is brought. Analysis of factors of readiness of pathway of corporative telecommunication network on territory of Bryansk region is executed. Perspective problems are worded.
Definition of mathematical models for choosing the rational processing conditions SPD.
Authors: Федонин Олег , Fedonin Oleg , Степошина Светлана , Steposhina Svetlana
Published: December 2016

We derive the objective function for selecting the optimal speed and feed, providing maximum performance and minimum cost in processing the SPD.
Analysis of forced vibrations of frameworks by finite element method using dynamic finite element.
Authors: Цуканова Екатерина , Tsukanova Ekaterina
Published: December 2016

The analysis of forced vibrations of frameworks using finite element method is considered. The dynamic finite element, the base functions of which represent exact dynamic shapes of structural elements, is used for system discretization. The assessment of errors as a result of classic FEM application is given. The efficiency of application of dynamic finite element for analysis of forced vibrations and dynamic stress-deformed state of structures is shown.
To the question of the development of highly efficient micro-turbines with independent rotational speeds of the compressor and turbine.
Authors: Беседин Сергей , Besedin Sergey , Барсков Виктор , Barskov Viktor , Рассохин Виктор , Rassokhin Viktor , Осипов Александр , Osipov Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

In the article the problem arising in the design of small-size turbo-generators (mhtg) in selecting the optimal thermal circuit and layout to maximize the efficiency of the installation. The experience of work on the creation of small mgtg, the features created by the installation and effectiveness of use. Outlines the key ways to improve the efficiency of the installation - the use of regenerative heating air supply before combustion, the increase of gas temperature before the turbine, the achievement of the optimum degree of pressure increase. Marked limitations in efficiency optimization, recommendations on the choice of scheme and layout mgtg, the benefits of the proposed scheme and layout.
The approaches to the creation and use of geographic information systems for monitoring and management of heterogeneous objects of the Solovetsky Islands.
Authors: Васендина Ирина , Vasendina Irina , Щеников Вадим , Shchenikov Vadim , Карлова Татьяна , Karlova Tatyana , Шошина Ксения , Shoshina Kseniya , Шептунов Сергей , Sheptunov Sergey , Гурьев Александр , Gurev Aleksandr , Батраков Никита , Batrakov Nikita , Алешко Роман , Aleshko Roman , Зелянин Дмитрий , Zelyanin Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

The process of the use of unmanned drone for aorthophoto. An approach to continuous production, handling and use of materials shooting.The technology of the publication of the data, using WEB-technologies.
Updating of Sound-suppressing systems in gas inlet and exhaust strokes of gas turbine plants.
Authors: Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey , Дроконов Алексей , Drokonov Aleksey
Published: December 2016

Provides a set of technical solutions aimed at reducing the power plants emitted sound pressure.
Research of operational characteristics of planetary eccentric transfers with the modified profile of teeths.
Authors: Капитонов Александр , Kapitonov Aleksandr , Пашкевич Виктор , Pashkevich Viktor
Published: December 2016

Results of kinematics and durabilitycomputer modeling of details of planetary eccentric transfergearing are given. The technique of carrying out pilot studies of kinematic accuracy and smoothness of a reducerwork is described. The analysis of the schedule and an amplitude-frequency range of a kinematic error of transfer is carried out.
Automation balance calculations system of recovery feed water at work energy units of thermal power plants.
Authors: Пугач Леонид , Pugach Leonid , Куницын Павел , Kunitsyn Pavel , Стребков Александр , Strebkov Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

The problems of optimizing and automating the process of calculating the thermal schemes steam-turbine plants. The possibility of using different means of software Mathcad for calculation of the energy and mass balance of energy units. Investigated the matrix method for solving equations of heat balance diagrams of steam-turbine plants.
Periodic vibrations of nongomogeneous string with clamped and free ends.
Authors: Рудаков Игорь , Rudakov Igor
Published: December 2016

We prove the existence and regularity of infinitely many time-periodic solutions of the quasili-near equation vibrations of nongomogeneous string for the case in which the left end of string is clamped and the right end is free. The nonlinear term has power-law growth.
Analysis of problems of industry in Russian Federation.
Authors: Стрижакова Екатерина , Strizhakova Ekaterina , Стрижаков Дмитрий , Strizhakov Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

The analysis of the structure of industrial production in Russia, the level of profitability by type of activity, an analysis of R & D expenses, as well as trends in the development of industrial production and its prospects are given . To identify and support the key role of the state in regu-lating influence on the Russian economy as a whole, and on the development of industrial poten-tial of the country. Formed the main directions of development and implementation of industrial policy in the Russian Federation.
Transformation and synthesis of krivoshipno-shatunnyh of mechanisms of piston engines.
Authors: Щигарцов Иван , Shchigartsov Ivan
Published: December 2016

Design problems the krivoshipno-shatunnykh of mechanisms of the piston engines corresponding to the set kinematic characteristics are considered. The kinematic analysis the krivoshipno-shatunnykh of the mechanisms transformed according to the requirements providing increase of overall performance of engines is carried out.
The choice of regular - style design of coach side diploblastic covering.
Authors: Высоцкий Андрей , Vysotskiy Andrey , Антипин Дмитрий , Antipin Dmitriy , Кобищанов Владимир , Kobishchanov Vladimir , Расин Дмитрий , Rasin Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

There are the results of the research carried out to analyse the influence of design features of coach side diploblastic covering on its deflected mode. The research is based on the detailed construction of finite - element models.
Thermo physical and ispuskateli properties of solid condensed matter in the model of van der vaal´s interactions.
Authors: Мачихина Инна , Machikhina Inna , Холодовский Владимир , Kholodovskiy Vladimir
Published: December 2016

Explores the dynamics of monatomic cubic crystal lattice under the influence of the interatomic forces with van der Vaal´s nature. The calculated dispersion curves, phonon spectra, the temperature dependence of the energy, heat capacity, mean square displacements for crystals with BCC and FCC lattices. Calculations emissivity of the surface layer of metals, as well as the temperature dependences of the energy, the heat capacity of the thermal motion of the centers of charge of the outer electron shells of the atoms of metals with BCC and FCC lattices.
Influence of dynamic characteristics of instruments of elastic action on parameters of quality of surfaces of details of machinery when processing by superficial plastic deformation.
Authors: Нагоркин Максим , Nagorkin Maksim , Тотай Анатолий , Totay Anatoliy , Фёдоров Владимир , Fedorov Vladimir
Published: December 2016

In article influence of dynamic characteristics of instruments of elastic action on technological stability of processes of superficial plastic deformation at a diamond ironing of flat and cylindrical surfaces of details of machinery are considered.
Magnetosomes method of controlling residual stresses in the surface layer parts.
Authors: Плешаков Виктор , Pleshakov Viktor , Шурпо Александр , Shurpo Aleksandr , Егорушкин Евгений , Egorushkin Evgeniy
Published: December 2016

The proposed method estimates the plot of the distribution of residual stresses in the surface trace of the det-lei based on an analysis of the amplitude and frequency characteristics magnetosomes signal (spikes Barkhausen). The possibility of choosing the optimal regimes for the control of residual stresses.
The method of direct finite perturbation of numerical models for studying of the dynamic, stiffness and strength properties for thin-walled elements of engineering constructions.
Authors: Костенко Юрий , Kostenko Yuriy , Чепурной Анатолий , Chepurnoy Anatoliy , Литвиненко Александр , Litvinenko Aleksandr , Танченко Андрей , Tanchenko Andrey , Ткачук Николай , Tkachuk Nikolay
Published: December 2016

The methods of direct perturbation for finite element models of thin-walled engineering constructions for sensitivity analysis of their strength, stiffness and dynamic characteristics to the change in their thickness are proposed. The approach for prediction of distribution for natural frequencies migration as result of change in their thickness are presented. The applicability of the linearized models to determine displacements, stresses and natural frequencies slightly thinned design compared to the nominal (original) are shown. The examples of test problems are given.
Research of influence of construction between cars gangways of passenger cars on their dynamic characteristics.
Authors: Чечулин Евгений , Chechulin Evgeniy , Антипин Дмитрий , Antipin Dmitriy , Кобищанов Владимир , Kobishchanov Vladimir , Расин Дмитрий , Rasin Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

By methods of mathematical modeling estimated the impact of design features between car links national passenger cars on their dynamic characteristics. Recommendations to improve the considered structures.
DIFICULTADES DE LOS PROFESORES DE MATEMÁTICAS EN FORMACIÓN EN EL APRENDIZAJE DEL ANÁLISIS FENOMENOLÓGICO
Authors: Gómez Pedro , Cañadas María C.
Published: December 2016

En este artículo exploramos el aprendizaje del análisis fenomenológico en un programa de máster de formación de profesores de matemáticas de secundaria en ejercicio basado en el modelo del análisis didáctico. A partir de una descripción de los aspectos teóricos y técnicos de la noción de fenomenología, establecemos una serie de acciones que permiten describir la actuación de los grupos de profesores en formación en sus producciones escritas. Encontramos que los grupos no manifestaron dificultades de aprendizaje con la idea de situación, que tuvieron dificultades con las ideas de fenómeno y contexto —particularmente en relación con la noción de característica estructural—, y que lo hicieron en mayor medida respecto a la idea de subestructura y su relación con la noción de contexto.
The impact of stress on acute wound healing
Authors: Brown Julie
Published: December 2016

Within the literature there is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that psychological stress may have a negative impact on wound healing. This article examines the psychoneuroimmulogy theory associated with stress and acute wound healing with reference to caring for patients with surgical wounds.

The evidence reviewed in this article highlights the value of understanding individual patient need for reducing stress pre and post operatively to benefit the healing process.
Hydro-responsive wound dressings simplify T.I.M.E. wound management framework
Authors: Ousey Karen , Rogers Alan A , Rippon Mark G
Published: December 2016

The development of wound management protocols and guidelines such as the T.I.M.E. acronym are useful tools to aid wound care practitioners deliver effective wound care. The tissue, infection/inflammation, moisture balance and edge of wound (T.I.M.E.) framework provides a systematic approach for the assessment and management of the majority of acute and chronic wounds. The debridement of devitalised tissue from the wound bed, the reduction in wound bioburden and effective management of wound exudate – i.e., wound bed preparation – are barriers to wound healing progression that are targeted by T.I.M.E. There are a large number of wound dressings available to experienced wound care practitioners to aid in their goal of healing wounds.

Despite the systematic approach of T.I.M.E., the large number of wound dressings available can introduce a level of confusion when dressing choices need to be made. Any simplification in dressing choice, for example by choosing a dressing system comprising of a limited number of dressings that are able to address all aspects of T.I.M.E., would be a valuable resource for delivering effective wound care. This article briefly reviews the principles of T.I.M.E. and describes the evidence for the use of a two-dressing, moisture balance-oriented, dressing-based wound management system
To formulate or not to formulate? A case study
Authors: Houghton Karrie , Jones Emma
Published: December 2016

Personality disorders are common in specialist forensic mental health services and can complicate the treatment and care of people who may also have other co-morbid mental health problems—especially because they are based on unclear and unvalidated descriptions. The following article analyses the case of Laura who is a fictional character that represents the presentation of several women who have received care for personality disorder(s) and other mental health problems in a specialist forensic hospital. The assessment, formulation and care planning process conducted with Laura adhered to evidence-based practice guidelines and led to reductions in aggressive behaviour and violent incidents. This case study shows how effective case formulation can be used to understand service users with complex problems including personality disorder(s) and enhance the safe and effective care provided. Overall this case highlights the necessity of consistent staff teams and clinical supervision when working with this client group.
Postcards from abroad supported by a Florence Nightingale Foundation Travel Scholarship
Authors: Martin Fiona
Published: December 2016

Many patients and their families feel they are still not being listened to or being invited to be part of the decisions made about their care and treatment. A more fundamental way of structuring mental health services that places the patient and family/network at its centre is needed. Open Dialogue, which originated in Finland, may provide a significant advance to address these issues and is being piloted in several countries worldwide including the UK. This article outlines the development of Open Dialogue, the principles that underpin it, and how these principles permeate the whole Open Dialogue system. The Florence Nightingale Foundation travel scholarship enabled the author to visit Finland. The author then spent one week in England at a residential Open Dialogue training event, and three states in the USA (Massachusetts, Vermont and New York), where the principles of Open Dialogue were being integrated into their mental health systems. The article summarises these experiences and impressions from these visits and outlines learning points for mental health nursing and mental health systems throughout the UK.
Surgical audit: variations in wound infection rates according to definition
Authors: Mishriki S.F. , Law D.J.W. , Jeffery P.J.
Published: December 2016

A prospective study of 702 postoperative surgical patients was undertaken to determine whether clinicians showed consistency in their interpretation of signs of infection in wounds. In the 62 cases where symptoms suggestive of such infection were noted, clinical signs were recorded, as were the clinicians' subjective impressions. The application of different criteria would have resulted in a substantial variation in the apparent rates of infection, which raises questions about the need for an agreed definition of the term ‘wound infection’. The lack of a specific definition has implications for surgical audit
Hypertrophic scar formation after skin injury
Authors: Carney S. A.
Published: December 2016

An examination of the current treatments available to reduce skin scarring after surgery, burns or trauma
Superficial pressure sores: comparing two regimes
Authors: Banks V. , Bale S. , Harding K.G.
Published: December 2016

A report of a study that evaluated the performance of Lyofoam A, compared with NA dressing and Tegaderm in treating superficial pressure sores
The use of topical human growth hormone on chronic venous ulcers
Authors: Freak L. , Simon. D. , Edwards. A.T. , Herrick. S.E. , Ferguson M. , McCollum C.N.
Published: December 2016

An investigation of the effect of biosynthetic human growth hormone on chronic venous ulcer healing rates
Implementing district-wide nurse-led venous leg ulcer clinics: a quality approach
Authors: O'Hare L.
Published: December 2016

A review of the development of a specialist leg ulcer service
Your curriculum on a shoestring
Authors: Harnden Julia , O'Farrell Suzanne
Published: December 2016

How can schools design an effective curriculum within today's shrinking budgets? Experts Julia Harnden and Suzanne O'Farrell advise
Interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy directly quantifies optical field dynamics in turbid media
Authors: Borycki Dawid , Kholiqov Oybek , Srinivasan Vivek J.
Published: December 2016

Sensing and imaging methods based on the dynamic scattering of coherent light (including laser speckle, laser Doppler, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and diffusing wave spectroscopy) quantify scatterer motion using light intensity fluctuations. The underlying optical field autocorrelation, rather than being measured directly, is typically inferred from the intensity autocorrelation through the Siegert relationship, assuming that the scattered field obeys Gaussian statistics. Here, we demonstrate interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy for measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) resolved field and intensity autocorrelations in turbid media. We find that the Siegert relationship breaks down for short TOFs due to static paths whose optical field does not decorrelate over experimental time scales. We also show that eliminating such paths by polarization gating restores the validity of the Siegert relationship. The unique capability of measuring optical field autocorrelations, as demonstrated here, enables the study of non-Gaussian and non-ergodic light scattering processes. Moreover, direct measurements of field autocorrelations are more efficient than indirect measurements based on intensity autocorrelations. Thus, optical field measurements may improve the quantification of scatterer dynamics with coherent light.
Aceitação e eficácia de um programa de intervenção psicoeducativa para pais de crianças com asma: Estudo exploratório
Authors: Da Silva Cláudia Mendes , Barros Luísa , Simões Fátima
Published: December 2016

Considerando a importância que a educação sobre a asma deve assumir no plano de gestão familiar da doença, construímos uma intervenção psicoeducativa breve para pais de crianças com asma, visando a aquisição de atitudes mais positivas na gestão da doença. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade em contexto clínico e a eficácia da intervenção com pais de crianças entre os 7 e os 13 anos. Completaram a intervenção 10 mães, tendo participado nas três sessões de grupo e nos três momentos de avaliação. Os resultados evidenciaram melhoria no conhecimento, nas práticas de gestão da asma e na integração equilibrada da asma na vida familiar, confirmando a utilidade de incluir a intervenção psicoeducativa nos cuidados às crianças com asma.
Coping as a moderator of the influence of economic stressors on psychological health
Authors: Jesus Saul Neves , Leal Ana Rita , Viseu João Nuno , Valle Patrícia , Matavelli Rafaela Dias , Pereira Joana , Greenglass Esther
Published: December 2016

Since 2008, there has been a decline in the economy of several European countries, including Portugal. In the literature, it is emphasized that periods of economic uncertainty propitiate the appearance of mental health problems and diminish populations’ well-being. The aim of the present study, with 729 Portuguese participants, 33.9% (n = 247) males and 66.1% (n = 482) females with an average age of, approximately, 37 years old (M = 36.99; SD = 12.81), was to examine the relationship between economic hardship, financial threat, and financial well-being (i.e., economic stressors) and stress, anxiety, and depression (i.e., psychological health indicators), as well as to test the moderation effect of coping in the aforementioned relationship. To achieve these goals, a cross-sectional design was implemented and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that coping decreased the influence of economic stressors on psychological health indicators, thus protecting individuals’ psychological health from the negative consequences associated with adverse economic situations.
Porque é que pais e mães fumadores fumam dentro de casa?
Authors: Precioso José , Araújo Ana Carolina , Samorinha Catarina , Correia Cláudia
Published: December 2016

Este estudo pretende identificar os fatores que influenciam os pais fumadores a fumar ou não dentro de casa. Realizaram-se, por telefone, entrevistas semiestruturadas a 10 pais e 10 mães, de crianças do 4º ano de escolaridade, fumadores que fumavam em casa, e a 10 pais e 10 mães fumadores, mas que não o faziam em casa. A análise de conteúdo mostrou que a preocupação com a saúde dos filhos e o mau cheiro foram os principais motivos mencionados pelos progenitores para não fumarem no domicílio. A comodidade e as condições meteorológicas foram as principais razões dos progenitores para fumarem no domicílio. Os pais fumadores que não fumam em casa parecem ter maior consciência dos riscos de fumar no domicílio para a saúde dos filhos, enquanto que os pais que fumam no domicílio fazem-no essencialmente por comodismo e desconhecimento aparente das consequências negativas desse comportamento. Deverá ser prioridade da educação para a saúde melhorar o conhecimento dos pais sobre as consequências da exposição ao fumo passivo. É indispensável que os profissionais de saúde das várias especialidades se envolvam no tratamento da dependência tabágica, promovendo a cessação tabágica dos pais, sendo esta a via mais segura para garantir casas livres de fumo.
Teaching the form-function mapping of German ‘prefield’ elements using Concept-Based Instruction
Authors: Fehrmann Ingo
Published: December 2016

Empirical findings in Second Language Acquisition suggest that the basic structure of German declarative sentences, described in terms of topological fields, poses certain challenges to learners of German as a foreign language. The problem of multiple prefield elements, resulting in ungrammatical verb-third sentences, figures most prominently in the literature. While the so-called V2 constraint is usually treated as a purely formal feature of German syntax both in the empirical as well as in the pedagogical literature, the present paper adopts a usage-based perspective, viewing language as an inventory of form-function mappings. Basic functions of prefield elements have already been identified in research on textual grammar and information structure. This paper presents results from a pilot study with Japanese elementary learners of German as a foreign language, where the form-function mapping of German prefield elements was explicitly taught following the guidelines of an approach called Concept-Based Instruction. The findings indicate that, with a focus on the function-function mapping, it is in fact possible to explicitly teach these rather abstract regularities of German to beginning learners. The participants’ language production exhibits a prefield variation pattern similar to that of L1 German speakers; at the same time the learners produce very few ungrammatical verb-third sentences.
Conceptual motivation as a tool for raising language awareness in the English as a foreign language classroom – Does it enhance learning outcomes? Insights from an empirical study
Authors: Kohl-Dietrich Dorothee , Juchem-Grundmann Constanze , Schnotz Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the results of an empirical study on phrasal verbs with to come, to give, to go, to get, and to take and up, down, out as complements. Presuming that in many instances the overall meaning of PVs cannot be adequately inferred from the senses of their constituent parts (e.g., to make up for ⇒ to compensate), it is hypothesized that raising awareness for the underlying conceptual motivation of the verbs and the particles helps learners study PVs more efficiently.

A quasi-experimental field study including a pre-/post-test design with both an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) was conducted in an authentic secondary school context in Germany. The participants were higher track ninth graders with L1 German. The corpus of PVs, the time of instruction (3 × 45 minutes) and the text material the students worked with were identical over both groups. Yet, only in the EG the students worked on the conceptual motivations of PVs. Different theoretical strands were used as a resource to develop CL-inspired teaching material (Mahpeykar and Tyler 2014; Rudzka-Ostyn 2003; Tyler and Evans 2003). The studies investigated a) the effect of CL-methods on retention and b) the transfer of CL insights to novel PVs.

With regard to retention, the study could not statistically prove an advantage for the EG. However, statistical evidence was found that the EG outperformed the CG significantly on transfer ( p < .05).
A lexical-semantic analysis of the English prepositions at, on and in and their conceptual mapping onto Arabic
Authors: Almuoseb Anwar
Published: December 2016

The study in question focuses on the core and the peripheral senses of the English prepositions at, on and in as well as on their mappings onto Arabic. The observations and the suggestions are built on a comparison of the performance of Arabian ESL learners to Japanese and Spanish ESL learners and aim at enabling an insight into some of the language problems typically encountered by SL learners, particularly focussing on the question whether the problems are inter-lingual or intra-lingual. The data analysis is based upon the use of a repeated measures ANOVA test. Particular attention is given to the types of error produced by the participants in each language group by looking at questions such as whether the core meaning or the peripheral meaning is more difficult, which preposition is the most challenging one for the test participants, and how images might assist test participants in choosing the correct preposition. The deviation between the ESL learners’ performance when using the prepositions in question is explained in relation to cognitive semantics and second language acquisition theories. The main source of difficulties seems to be attributable to the polysemy, the idiomaticity and the diversity in the usage of these prepositions in English. Potential pedagogical benefits of the test results are discussed as well.
Zum Verhältnis von Musik und Sprache in der griechischen Antike
Authors: Elvers Paul
Published: December 2016

In this paper I discuss the relationship of music and language as it was conceived in Greek antiquity. More specifically, I focus on central passages from the corpora of Plato and Aristotle that are concerned with the theory of the arts. I claim that under the notion of μουσική (mousiké) both Aristotle and Plato understood language and music as two modalities of the same kind of artistic (or »aesthetic«) communication. Both modalities typically appear combined, as in the case of song or drama, serving as two different means to achieve a common goal: the accurate depiction of affections, as well as the appropriate elicitation of these in the perceiver. This implies that typically both modalities are interdependent and complementing each other. Further, subsuming both language and music under the notion of μουσική supports the idea of shared resources and foundations between the two modalities, which is a necessary prerequisite for any musical rhetoric. Although the notion of musical rhetoric in antiquity did not exist as such, the intimate relationship of music and language laid ground and served as an important point of reference for later scholars, who worked towards elaborated forms of a musical rhetoric.
Musik und Rhetorik im frühneuzeitlichen Frankreich – Diskussionsstand und Forschungsperspektiven
Authors: Grassl Markus
Published: December 2016

The article provides a critical survey of the musicological literature on the relationship between rhetoric and music in early modern France. During the recent decades the topic aroused increasing interest in musical scholarship, especially regarding the repertory of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Yet, the pertaining studies largely adopt methodologies which have been developed within German musicology in regard to primarily German Baroque music. This approach which aims to discern formal structures analogous to the rhetorical dispositio and to discern musico-rhetorical figures faces several problems when applied to French music. In contrast, the relation between rhetoric and music, as far as it is made concrete in the contemporary theoretical discourse, relates to a complex of rhythmic phenomena (the so-called mouvement) and the basically declamatory nature of (vocal) music. Furthermore, several recent studies have began to uncover how rhetorical concepts and ideas informed aesthetic stances and notes related to music on a more general level and in an often implicit way.
Officia oratoris oder partes orationis? Welches sind die Grundlagen von J. S. Bachs musikalisch-rhetorischem Komponieren für Instrumente?
Authors: Peters Manfred
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the connection between the theory of musical rhetoric and Bach’s composing. The starting point is a text by Johann Abraham Birnbaum. He reports that Bach’s compositions and »Rednerkunst« (»rhetoric«) use identical »Theile« (»parts«). And he reports that Bach was not only very familiar with rhetoric but that he also employed it in his compositions. Because Birnbaum does not compare compositions with speech but rather with rhetoric, his statements have been interpreted in different ways. Arnold Schmitz connects the »Theile« (»parts«) to the four steps (officia oratoris) which an orator must follow when preparing and giving a speech. Elmar Budde, however, connects the »Theile« (»parts«) to the six parts of the dispositio (partes orationis). This paper concludes that for Bach only the six »Theile« (»parts«) of the dispositio are relevant. This conclusion is confirmed by an analysis of the Contrapunctus 2 from the Kunst der Fuge.
Circadian Forced Desynchrony of the Master Clock Leads to Phenotypic Manifestation of Depression in Rats
Authors: Ben-Hamo Miriam , Larson Tracy A. , Duge Leanne S. , Sikkema Carl , Wilkinson Charles W. , de la Iglesia Horacio O. , González Mónica M. C.
Published: December 2016

In mammals, a master circadian clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus maintains the phase coherence among a wide array of behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms. Affective disorders are typically associated with disruption of this fine-tuned “internal synchronization,” but whether this internal misalignment is part of the physiopathology of mood disorders is not clear. To date, depressive-like behavior in animal models has been induced by methods that fail to specifically target the SCN regulation of internal synchronization as the mode to generate depression. In the rat, exposure to a 22-h light-dark cycle (LD22) leads to the uncoupling of two distinct populations of neuronal oscillators within the SCN. This genetically, neurally, and pharmacologically intact animal model represents a unique opportunity to assess the effect of a systematic challenge to the central circadian pacemaker on phenotypic manifestations of mood disorders. We show that LD22 circadian forced desynchrony in rats induces depressive-like phenotypes including anhedonia, sexual dysfunction, and increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST), as well as changes in the levels and turnover rates of monoamines within the prefrontal cortex. Desynchronized rats show increased FST immobility during the dark (active) phase but decreased immobility during the light (rest) phase, suggesting a decrease in the amplitude of the normal daily oscillation in this behavioral manifestation of depression. Our results support the notion that the prolonged internal misalignment of circadian rhythms induced by environmental challenge to the central circadian pacemaker may constitute part of the etiology of depression.
Cortical Spreading Depression Promotes Persistent Mechanical Sensitization of Intracranial Meningeal Afferents: Implications for the Intracranial Mechanosensitivity of Migraine
Authors: Zhao Jun , Levy Dan
Published: December 2016

Migraine is one of the most common and disabling diseases in the world. A major feature of migraine headache is its aggravation by maneuvers that momentarily increase intracranial pressure. A key hypothesis implicates mechanical sensitization of trigeminal afferents that innervate the intracranial meninges in mediating this feature of migraine. However, whether such pain-related neural response actually develops under endogenous conditions that are linked specifically to migraine remains to be established. Single-unit recordings in the trigeminal ganglion of anesthetized male rats were combined with quantitative mechanical stimulation of the cranial dura mater to determine whether cortical spreading depression (CSD), an endogenous migraine-triggering event, affects the mechanosensitivity of meningeal afferents. CSD gave rise to an almost threefold increase in the magnitude of the responses to mechanical stimuli in 17 of 23 of the afferents tested. CSD-evoked meningeal afferent mechanosensitization occurred with a delay of 23.1 ± 2.2 min and lasted 64.1 ± 6.8 min in recording sessions that lasted for 90 min and for 177.5 ± 22.1 min in recording sessions that were extended for 240 min. Some of the sensitized afferents also developed a shorter-lasting increase in their ongoing discharge rate that was not correlated with the increase in their mechanosensitivity, suggesting that CSD-evoked meningeal afferent sensitization and increase in ongoing activity are independent phenomena. These novel findings support the notion that mechanical sensitization of meningeal afferents serves as a key nociceptive process that underlies the worsening of migraine headache during conditions that momentarily increase intracranial pressure.
Selectivity in Postencoding Connectivity with High-Level Visual Cortex Is Associated with Reward-Motivated Memory
Authors: Murty Vishnu P. , Tompary Alexa , Adcock R. Alison , Davachi Lila
Published: December 2016

Reward motivation has been demonstrated to enhance declarative memory by facilitating systems-level consolidation. Although high-reward information is often intermixed with lower reward information during an experience, memory for high value information is prioritized. How is this selectivity achieved? One possibility is that postencoding consolidation processes bias memory strengthening to those representations associated with higher reward. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the influence of differential reward motivation on the selectivity of postencoding markers of systems-level memory consolidation. Human participants encoded intermixed, trial-unique memoranda that were associated with either high or low-value during fMRI acquisition. Encoding was interleaved with periods of rest, allowing us to investigate experience-dependent changes in connectivity as they related to later memory. Behaviorally, we found that reward motivation enhanced 24 h associative memory. Analysis of patterns of postencoding connectivity showed that, even though learning trials were intermixed, there was significantly greater connectivity with regions of high-level, category-selective visual cortex associated with high-reward trials. Specifically, increased connectivity of category-selective visual cortex with both the VTA and the anterior hippocampus predicted associative memory for high- but not low-reward memories. Critically, these results were independent of encoding-related connectivity and univariate activity measures. Thus, these findings support a model by which the selective stabilization of memories for salient events is supported by postencoding interactions with sensory cortex associated with reward.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReward motivation is thought to promote memory by supporting memory consolidation. Yet, little is known as to how brain selects relevant information for subsequent consolidation based on reward. We show that experience-dependent changes in connectivity of both the anterior hippocampus and the VTA with high-level visual cortex selectively predicts memory for high-reward memoranda at a 24 h delay. These findings provide evidence for a novel mechanism guiding the consolidation of memories for valuable events, namely, postencoding interactions between neural systems supporting mesolimbic dopamine activation, episodic memory, and perception.
Domestic Modern: Redecorating Homes in Bombay in the 1930s
Authors: McGowan Abigail
Published: December 2016

In the 1930s, upper-class residents of Bombay were bombarded with ideas and products intended to make their homes modern. Showrooms, exhibitions, advertisements, and design books all addressed a consuming public newly interested in “the art and comfort of the home.” As Abigail McGowan demonstrates in Domestic Modern: Redecorating Homes in Bombay in the 1930s, attempts to remake Indian homes were hardly new; from the late nineteenth century on, sanitary reformers, girls’ educators, and urban planners introduced new principles of home management and hygiene into domestic space. In 1930s Bombay, attention shifted from household practices to style—a distinctively modern look expressed through new architectural spaces and the latest consumer goods. Recent scholarship has explored new building styles and practices in interwar India; McGowan argues that new kinds of furnishings and decor were equally important in defining what “the modern” meant in the city in this period.
Metformin reduces glycometabolism of papillary thyroid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Shen Chen-Tian , Wei Wei-Jun , Qiu Zhong-Ling , Song Hong-Jun , Zhang Xin-Yun , Sun Zhen-Kui , Luo Quan-Yong
Published: December 2016

More aggressive thyroid cancer cells show a higher activity of glycometabolism. Targeting cancer cell metabolism has emerged as a novel approach to prevent or treat malignant tumors. Glucose metabolism regulation effect of metformin in papillary thyroid cancer was investigated in the current study. Human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cell lines BCPAP and KTC1 were used. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay. Glucose uptake and relative gene expression were measured in metformin (0–10 mM for 48 h)-treated cells by 18F-FDG uptake assay and western blotting analysis, respectively. MicroPET/CT imaging was performed to detect 18F-FDG uptake in vivo. After treatment with metformin at 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM for 48 h, the ratio of p-AMPK to total AMPK showed significant rising in a dose-dependent manner in both BCPAP and KTC1, whereas p-AKT and p-mTOR expression level were downregulated. 18F-FDG uptake reduced after metformin treatment in a dose-dependent manner, corresponding to the reduced expression level of HK2 and GLUT1 in vitro. Xenograft model of PTC using BCPAP cells was achieved successfully. MicroPET/CT imaging showed that in vivo 18F-FDG uptake decreased after treatment with metformin. Immunohistochemistry staining further confirmed the reduction of HK2 and GLUT1 expression in the tumor tissue of metformin-treated PTC xenograft model. In conclusion, metformin could reduce glucose metabolism of PTC in vitro and in vivo. Metformin, by targeting glycometabolism of cancer cells, could be a promising adjuvant therapy alternative in the treatment modality of advanced thyroid carcinoma.
Efectos de un programa de actividad física intensa en la tensión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca de adolescentes de 12-15 años
Authors: López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , López Jonathan Nicolás , Díaz Suárez Arturo
Published: December 2016

En la actualidad, las investigaciones encaminadas a mejorar la salud cardiovascular de las personas son de suma importancia. Este artículo se centra en estudiar los efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la tensión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca de un grupo de adolescentes. Método: participaron 38 adolescentes (14 hombres y 24 mujeres), entre los 12 y los 15 años de edad (media de edad 13,61 y DE 1,00). Las variables estudiadas fueron: tensión arterial (sistólica y diastólica) y frecuencia cardiaca en reposo. La tensión arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca se midieron con el tensiómetro de brazo Visomat Comfort 20/40. El procedimiento ha sido: pre-test, intervención y pos-test. La intervención ha consistido en tres días a la semana de actividad física de alta intensidad, 15 minutos al día, durante 12 semanas. Resultados: se ha realizado un análisis de datos por medio del SPSS 22 y se han obtenido mejoras significativas en la tensión arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca (Sig. < 0.05). Conclusiones: el programa de actividad física empleado en este estudio se presenta como una herramienta útil para mejorar la tensión arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca de adolescentes.
Ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza en personas con una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva (epoc): estudio de caso
Authors: Blas Lara , Castillo Daniel , Lacalzada Oscar , Iturricastillo Aitor
Published: December 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue describir las respuestas fisiológicas de pacientes con EPOC en cada una de las sesiones de un programa de entrenamiento físico de ocho semanas y analizar los efectos producidos por el programa en el rendimiento físico de estos pacientes. En este estudio participaron cuatro personas a las que se les diagnosticó EPOC (64±6 años). Se realizó un test (T1) de 6 minutos de caminata (6MWT) para determinar la capacidad cardiovascular de los participantes y, después de ocho semanas, se volvió a repetir el mismo test (T2). Durante las ocho semanas se llevó a cabo trabajo de resistencia aeróbica e interválica, de fuerza, estiramientos y trabajo de musculatura respiratoria. No se observó un aumento significativo en las variables fisiológicas (tensión sistólica, tensión diastólica y saturación de oxígeno) tras la realización del 6MWT ni en el T1 ni en el T2. Sin embargo, la tensión sistólica, tanto en el Post test del T1 (∆%=24.8±22.1; TE=2.2, alto) como en el Post test del T2 (∆%=14.0±13.2; TE=1.0, alto), presentó una tendencia a ser superior con respecto al Pre test, en ambos casos. Por otro lado, los participantes recorrieron ligeramente más metros después de 8 semanas de intervención (∆%=4,61; TE=0.4, bajo), lo cual se acompañó, de una mayor percepción del esfuerzo (∆%=107.1; TE=3.0 y ∆%=200.0; TE=1.8 para RPEmus). Los participantes en este estudio obtuvieron una ligera mejora en el rendimiento físico en el test 6MWT, posiblemente debido a que las sesiones no se enfocaron solamente en la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, sino también en la mejora de la fuerza muscular.
Adaptación autónoma a eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos. Estudio de caso sobre la convivencia de un territorio indígena con el riesgo climático en la cuenca del río Sixaola, Costa Rica
Authors: Montero Sánchez Esteban , Araya Rojas Adelson , Granados Rojas Leonardo , Rueda Araya Daniel
Published: December 2016

La adaptación autónoma se refiere a las medidas tomadas por una población específica, como una respuesta autogestionada a un estímulo climático adverso. La ausencia de ayudas gubernamentales o inversiones de gran magnitud determinan el carácter de escala local de las iniciativas. Este tipo de adaptación se basa frecuentemente en el conocimiento tradicional y la observación del clima. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo la convivencia continua con elementos de riesgo ante eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos estimuló la adopción de medidas para la adaptación y aumento de la resiliencia en una comunidad indígena dedicada a la agricultura, en la cuenca del río Sixaola, Costa Rica. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa etnográfica que parte de la búsqueda de registros en bases de datos y otras fuentes secundarias para desarrollar observaciones participantes, dos grupos focales de discusión y un taller. Se encontró que las mujeres productoras de cacao con las que se trabajó y sus familias tomaron medidas como la diversificación de cultivos, asociatividad, traslado de fincas a zonas de menor riesgo y organización comunitaria, medidas que fueron tomadas por las poblaciones sin apoyo gubernamental. Esta experiencia aporta insumos y lecciones aprendidas relevantes en la discusión actual sobre la necesidad de adaptar y mejorar la resiliencia de sistemas productivos en territorios rurales.