bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of analytical extraction methods and storage time on the quality of Moringa seed oil
Authors: Ilesanmi J.O.Y. , Hussein J.B. , Yahuza H.A. , Nkama I.
Published: October 2021

The effect of extraction methods and storage time on the quality of moringa seed oil was investigated. Cold water, hot water, and n-hexane extraction methods were used while the extracted oils were stored at room temperature for six months. The chemical properties, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the oils were determined using standard methods. The n-hexane had the highest yield of 56%, hot water 40%, and cold water 30%. The chemical properties ranged as follows: peroxide value: (12.98–22.50, 10.36–33.12 and 9.12–23.93 Meq/kg), saponification value: (189.01–160.23, 222.17–122.72 and 184.17–110.82 mgKOH/g), iodine value: (65.17–14.37, 60.49–16.25 and 59.46–16.84 mg/wij’s) and acid value: (14.58–74.14, 12.99–78.07 and 17.96–46.19 mgKOH/g), respectively for cold water, hot water, and n-hexane. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids. Moringa olelifera seed oils are good sources of alternative oil for both commercial and industrial applications.
Evaluation of selected salts for potential application for optimized salinity water flooding in Niger Delta crude oil-rock systems: A laboratory approach
Authors: Alaigba D. , Oduwa O.D. , Olafuyi O.
Published: October 2021

This work has assessed the comparative performance of four salts (NaCl, K2SO4, CaCl2, and MgSO4) in the optimized salinity water flooding mode. This was done by carrying out core flooding tests using crude oil, brines and cores sourced from a Niger Delta field. Inter-facial Tension tests were also performed on each crude brine system to understand the specific role of fluid-fluid interaction. The results obtained from the study are quite interesting as additional recovery ranging from 5–26% were obtained in the secondary and tertiary mode.
Performance evaluation of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules under low and high irradiance conditions in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Takyi G. , Adunyah A.S. , Agyei-Agyemang A.
Published: October 2021

One of the biggest drawbacks of photovoltaic (PV) for many applications is the uncertainty in the energy output due to losses attributed to efficiency loss at low irradiance levels. In this study, the electrical performance of as received monocrystalline silicon (mono-c-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (poly-c-Si) PV modules were evaluated at high and low irradiance conditions in Kumasi, Ghana using I-V Tracer. The low irradiance level of 200W/m2 was achieved by covering the surface of the PV modules with a calibrated mesh screen. Maximum output power (Pmax) of 87.9 W and 136.7 W were recorded for the mono-c-Si and poly-c-Si modules at high irradiance respectively. The corresponding average values at low irradiance were 8.29 W and 12.13 W representing percentage reductions of 90.57% and 91.60% respectively for the two technologies. These results indicate that when irradiance drops to 200 W/m2 and below, the PV modules generate around only 10% of their nominal output power. This has implications for the number of modules that are required for installation in areas that experience many hours of low irradiance. Efficiency reductions of 64.4% and 59.01% for the mono-c-Si and poly-c-Si modules respectively at low irradiance is reported. The results also indicate that the mono-c-Si is affected more by light induced degradation effect than the poly-c-Si module after a few hours of exposure to the natural light. The novelty of this work is that knowledge of the performance at low irradiance will enable designers determine the number of modules required during the sizing of PV plants.
Evaluation of reliability index and probability of failure for the improvement of the Nigerian empirical mechanistic flexible pavement analysis and design system (Nempads)
Authors: Musa M.M. , Olowosulu A.T. , Murana A.A. , Kaura J.M. , Bello I. , Yusuf M. , Ahmad A.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate reliability index (RI) with respect to fatigue and rutting within the different seasons peculiar to Nigeria, in order to improve Empirical-Mechanistic flexible pavement design approach, using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Flexible pavement design involves many uncertainties, variabilities, and approximations regarding the input parameters like material properties, traffic loads. Others include subgrade strength, drainage conditions, construction, compaction procedures and climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and snowfall, etc. The combination of the variances associated with input parameters contributes to components and system uncertainty, and this combination of variances can have a significant effect on the predicted performance of the pavement. Reliability in pavement design is introduced to consider these uncertainties. Layers thicknesses, material properties, and Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) were entered into a multi-layer elastic theory software, ELSYM-5, which in turn were used to calculate strains and stresses for different seasons. The results obtained were entered into Nigerian fitted transfer function distress models to compute allowable ESALS. Miner’s hypothesis theory equation was used to calculate the cumulative damage due to stress and strains generated. A Framework was generated for finding individual reliability index (RI), systemic reliability index (SRI), and probability of failure. The findings showed that Season I (Winter) recorded the highest component reliability index for fatigue (5.63 for Normal Distribution). Season II (Summer) recorded the lowest component reliability index (β) for rutting (5.4 for Normal Distribution). Season III (Spring) recorded the lowest component reliability index for fatigue (1.85 for Normal Distribution)
Advances in Nanomaterials Sciences and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development: A Review
Authors: Assey Gervas E. , Malasi Wilhelm S.
Published: October 2021

The fields of materials sciences have great opportunities to address the challenges of sustainable development of modern societies. The sub-disciplines of materials sciences of interest in this review are nanomaterials sciences and nanotechnology. Nanomaterials possess one external dimension measuring 1-100 nm. They have larger surface area for the same mass than their bulk materials. They are more reactive with effects on their electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Thus, nanomaterials are promising for sustainable development in the areas of energy, water, chemicals, electronics, medical and pharmaceutical industries, CO2 mitigation and agriculture. To this end, this review explores the advances in nanomaterials sciences, nanotechnology and the potential applications of nanomaterials for sustainable development. In this review, 73 peer reviewed articles and abstracts were retrieved. The review considered nanomaterials of carbon, inorganic materials, semiconductors, polymeric and lipid based materials. It has been found that nanomaterials sciences and nanotechnology is promising for potential applications in the areas of environmental remediation, energy, food, agriculture, industry, molecular biology, medicine and in pharmaceutical industries for sustainable development.

Keywords: nanomaterials sciences, nanotechnology, sustainable development
Analysing Climate Change Mitigation Policy Options in the Renewable Energy Sub-Sector in Tanzania
Authors: Kyaruzi Ladislaus , Ndaki Patrick M , Kangalawe Richard YM
Published: October 2021

Public policies influence reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Also the extent to which policies are developed and implemented can influence the achievement of the national, regional and international climate change mitigation policy framework in the renewable energy sub-sector. This paper provides a critical overview of key policy options influencing the development of renewable energy sub-sector through climate change mitigation policy options in Tanzania. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect primary data from 100 relevant experts who represented 64 organizations in Tanzania. Secondary data were collected by literature review. The state of climate change mitigation policy options in the renewable energy sub-sector was assessed by using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 26.0 and content analysis. The results showed Tanzania lacks adequate climate change mitigation policy and renewable energy policy frameworks. A specific national climate change policy and national renewable energy policy are needed to guide stakeholders to undertake climate change mitigation actions in the renewable energy sub-sector in Tanzania. Perceptions gained and recommendations made are essential for undertaking climate change mitigation actions in Tanzania, and can be relevant for other developing countries because of similar climate change mitigation contexts.

Keywords: climate change, renewable energy, greenhouse gases, policies, Tanzania
Harnessing Nutritional Benefits of Spirulina platensis: Standardization of Cultivating Conditions of Spirulina in Kilimanjaro
Authors: Nyakundi David O. , Cleophas Phocus
Published: October 2021

Malnutrition remains a challenge in Tanzania, notwithstanding government initiatives and health education geared towards assuaging the problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there will be more than 600,000 severely malnourished children in Tanzania by the year 2030. In particular, protein based malnutrition remains the greatest challenge due to the irreplaceable nature of its essential amino acids. Macronutrients and micronutrients which are found in Spirulina platensis have been recommended by WHO to address malnutrition in developing countries. Spirulina platensis is a ﬁlamentous Cyanobacterium microalgae with the highest recorded protein content of plant origin with several immune boosting nutrients. Spirulina cultivation requires sufficient aeration, proper light intensity and salinity for maximum biomass yield, cell productivity, specific growth rate, and protein content. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in Kilimanjaro on the optimized conditions, locally and economically tailored approach system required to grow spirulina in the region. The study established the use of food grade organic media with low-cost urea as nitrogen source, a greenhouse average temperature of 30–32 °C in the months between December to March, alkalinity of 5 g/L, mixing frequency of 3 times per day/100 L  and partial shading, as the optimum conditions for outdoor cultivation of spirulina.

Keywords: Malnutrition, Spirulina, Protein, growth condition
Selected Aspects of the Generation of Tax Liability in the Field of Maritime Activities of Taxable Persons
Authors: Gajewski Piotr
Published: October 2021

This article deals with the issue of tax liability arising when taxpayers undertake economic activity in maritime areas. The research was conducted both on the grounds of direct taxes, indirect taxes and property taxes. The article verifies the hypothesis that the current provisions of Polish tax law do not fully comply with the tax authority granted to Poland as a coastal state in its maritime areas. The research method used in this study was a critical analysis, including a linguistic analysis of the provisions of tax acts and international agreements to which the Republic of Poland is a party. In addition, the research used the analysis of views of doctrine and jurisprudence of administrative courts and tax authorities.
The Online Age: The Shift From Traditional Banking to Online Banking in the UK and Its Effect on Applied Regulations
Authors: Saghir Wael
Published: October 2021

As businesses are actively incorporating technology as means of cost reduction and service provision, financial institutions have lately been one of the most active institutions in utilising information technology (IT) to their advantage.
Although technology presented financial institutions with many opportunities and opened the door for a new hybrid sector to be formed, this came with its share of disadvantages one of which revolves around cyber security. Combined with the complex nature of products and services offered online through non-traditional financial institutions, this meant that adjusting the regulatory framework governing such products, services and institutions has now become a must.
Since the current regulatory framework applicable on online banking does not differ much from that applied on bricks-and-mortar ones especially in terms of money laundering and deposit protection schemes, this paper recommends a hybrid, tech-centred, regulatory framework that is specifically designed to cater for financial institutions in order to offer users of these platforms higher levels of protection and suggests the creation of a joint regulatory and supervisory body that oversees and regulates activities of FinTechs. Such change should take into consideration the higher risk factor associated with online banking and the nature of service provision. The paper in its unique approach aims to inspire and influence change to further enhance customer protection and service provision of online banks.
Earth System Dynamic Intelligence with Quantum Technologies: Seeing the “Invisible”, Predicting the “Unpredictable” in a Critically Changing World
Authors: Perdigão Rui A. P.
Published: October 2021

We hereby embark on a frontier journey articulating two of our flagship programs – “Earth System Dynamic Intelligence” and “Quantum Information Technologies in the Earth Sciences” – to take the pulse of our planet and discern its manifold complexity in a critically changing world. Going beyond the traditional stochastic-dynamic, information-theoretic, artificial intelligence, mechanistic and hybrid approaches to information and complexity, the underlying fundamental science ignites disruptive developments empowering complex problem solving across frontier natural, social and technical geosciences. Taking aim at complex multiscale planetary problems, the roles of our flagships are put into evidence in different contexts, ranging from I) Interdisciplinary analytics, model design and dynamic prediction of hydro-climatic and broader geophysical criticalities and extremes across multiple spatiotemporal scales; to II) Sensing the pulse of our planet and detecting early warning signs of geophysical phenomena from Space with our Meteoceanics QITES Constellation, at the interface between our latest developments in non-linear dynamics and emerging quantum technologies.
An Evaluation of Mono-product Economies & examining the sine qua non for diversification - In West Asian Region
Authors: . Sushmita
Published: October 2021

The discovery of oil in West Asia has contributed to its integration into the international capitalist system. The mono-commodity, oil, has brought tremendous wealth to West Asia. But a rising population and an ever growing demonstration effect, has caused imports to grow exorbitantly, with oil prices expected to fall, depicted explicitly by recent oil price drop, also over time as interest in climate change increases after RIO-20, and more options of renewable energy sources coming on line like Gas, Solar Energy, wind power and nuclear energy etc. the rentier mode of development followed by west Asian economies is clearly unsustainable.

Further the oil producing nations are so over-specialized that they do not possess the necessary flexibility to shift their resources from one sector to another, or to develop substitution if and when the need arises. Moreover, the ability of oil producing countries to respond to deliberate or accidental economic measures taken abroad is limited.

This paper theoretically analyses the standing of the West Asian mono product economies, their specific traits, benefits and disbenefit of current condition and looks into the case for diversification of West Asian Region. As diversification is a sine qua non in long Run for the sustainability of the West Asian economies.
Pharmacovigilance Awareness and Interpretation towards Patient Safety by Community Pharmacists: A Review across various Geographies
Authors: Dutta Avisek , Banerjee Anupam , Chaudhry Sunil , Chaudhry Sunil , Chaudhry Sunil , Chaudhry Sunil
Published: October 2021

The pharmacist’s contribution will remain an important element in effective healthcare system. Pharmacists have a critical role in patient drug safety by contributing to the identification, documentation and reporting of adverse drug reactions. Pharmacists have key roles to play in establishing benefits and risks profile of a marketed medicine. Country level drug ADR monitoring and programs throughout the world differ in their way of collecting ICSR reports by healthcare professionals specially pharmacist. In contrast to North American continent countries like Canada or the US, where the majority of the reports come from licensed pharmacists, some European and Asian countries, such as UK, France, Ireland, Malaysia have the maximum contribution of ADR reports coming from practicing physicians.
La exclusion educativa de los niños con discapacidad, choque didàctico entre docentes, padres de los niños discapacitados y los menores con funcionalidad variada
Authors: Cruz Swaldo Rojas
Published: October 2021

The educational exclusion is a phenomenon that is in all our country, Colombia and Latin-American. The educational Institute Luis Carlos Galan Sarmiento is not uncommented to this difficulty and has seen the necessity to look with good eyes, the exclusion of girls, boys and teenagers with disable conditions. The rejection, the abandoning, the relegation and the discrimination make part of this exclusion into the schools.

Besides, there is a didactic impact because the teachers are not prepared to teach to children with special educational needs. The State obligates to teachers to work without tools.

 

La exclusión educativa es un fenómeno que se da en todo nuestro país, Colombia y Latinoamérica. La Institución educativa Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento no es ajena a esta dificultad y ha visto la necesidad de mirar con buenos ojos, la exclusión de niñas, niños y adolescentes con condiciones de discapacidad. El rechazo, el abandono, la relegación y la discriminación hacen parte de esta exclusión en las escuelas.

Además, hay un impacto didáctico porque los profesores no están preparados para enseñar a los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. El Estado obliga a los profesores a trabajar sin herramientas.
Urgensi Omnibus Law (Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja) Terhadap Hak Masyarakat Adat di Wilayah Pesisir
Authors: Neununy Dolfries J
Published: October 2021

Introductioan: Substantial application of the Omnibus Law (Cipta Kerja) for the rights of indigenous peoples in coastal areas.Purposes of the Research: Reviewing and analyzing the impact of the Copyright Act on indigenous peoples in coastal areas.Methods of the Research: The research was conducted through normative legal research with a political approach to review and analyze legislation or other legal materials related to the Urgency of Omnibus Law on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in coastal areas.Results of the Research: The presence of the Omnisbus Law will have a positive impact on the community from the aspect of legal knowledge that people belonging to the scientific community can understand the purpose of the government to implement the Omnisbus Law but from the other side the ordinary people who are in coastal areas and remote rural areas do not understand well the application of the Omnisbus Law so that protection is important.
FDM 3D nyomtatók extruderének befolyása a kész termék mechanikai tulajdonságaira
Authors: Ficzere Péter , Borbás Lajos , Lukács Norbert L.
Published: October 2021

A bemutatott jelenséget egy mérésre készülő próbatestsorozat gyártása közben észleltük, melynél a mérés eredeti célja az FDM technológiával gyártott alkatrészek mechanikai tulajdonságainak javítása a lehető legegyszerűbb módon.
A logisztikai folyamatszervezés sikerei és buktatói egy depó diszlokációs feladatának a tervezésében és végrehajtásában
Authors: Réger Béla
Published: October 2021

Egy villamosipari nagykereskedés, nevezzük „D” Deltának a Budapesten lévő Logisztikai Depó kapacitását kinőtte, ezért Budapesttől nem messze az M0 autópálya mellett épített egy korszerű Logisztikai Központot. A Galériás polcrendszer áttelepülésre két változat volt. Az egyik változat, hogy fokozatos, un. súlyponti áthelyezéssel a régi helyről az új helyre mintegy 3 hónap alatt. A másik -az én javaslatom-, hogy a katonai logisztikai tapasztalataimat felhasználva, egy feszesen megtervezett és megszervezett katonai áttelepüléssel 2020 év végén előkészítés után 1 nap alatt. Az újév első munkanapjain már az új a frissen átadott Logisztikai Központból indul az ellátás. Ennek a kihívásnak a megtervezéséről és végrehajtás tapasztalatairól szól a tanulmány.
Human Elements of Chineese-Style Innovation Beyond the Knowledge-based Economic Transformation
Authors: Peredy Zoltán , Zhihao Zhao , Laki Balázs
Published: October 2021

China has been building globally one of the most powerful knowledge and innovation-based economies. The country’s main strategic goals were becoming a superpower with efficient economy that was able to minimise the object poverty and transform the country into upper-mid class income, economicaly developed region. According to the traditional Chineese maxim: “strong nation is a rich nation”, that used to be regarded as a tool holding the leading position around the world. The investments, realised by the private companies were encouraged in many cases by governmental initiatives as well. China has continually transformed the elements of its innovation strategy and refined them in the global direction of innovation. Despite of the growing literature on Chinese innovation, consensus as to a unique model of Chinese innovation management has yet to emerge. In this context, one of the most crucial but less discussed aspect can be the engagement of the well-educatated, experienced high quality labor work force in China. During the last decades you can observe a significant shifting toward the previous, cheap and huge amount labor workforce corporate attitude toward attracting and managing talents, providing Chineese manner “tailor made” onboarding and personal and professional development of the adequately recruited and selected labor workforce, eliminating the labor turnover but on different way compared to the Western countries methods. This review paper is aiming to reveal the specific features of Chineese-style Human Resource Management (HRM) practice linked with the Chineese traditions and cultural values.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERUBAHAN KATUP PADA PIPA GALVANIS DAN STAINLESS TERHADAP KERUGIAN HEAD
Authors: Darmulia Darmulia , Rahman Fadhli , Ismail Ismail , Muhaimin Burhan Rizal
Published: October 2021

Kehilangan energy merupakan factor yang mempengaruhi kapasitas pipa sebagai sarana penghantar aliran, baik air maupun minyak.Kehilangan energy menyebabkan terjadinya pengurangan debit aliran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan besaran kerugian head (major losses) fluida galvanis dan stainless dan kerugian head (minor losses) fluida pada alat bantu sambungan galeu valve,sambungan tee dan lbow. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode analisis data dilakukan dalam 2 tahap pengujian head losses, head mayor losses dan minor losses. pengujian dilakukan 3 variasi debit aliran yang nilainya di sesuaikan dengan bukaan katup. Hasil analisis head losses dari reservoir ke pipa distribusi di dapat kehilangan tekanan akibat pergeseran antara dinding pipa dengan fluida (mayor losses), untuk pipa galvanis dengan faktor gesekan dalam pipa dari pembukaan katub pertama (1.157) kedua (1.282) ketiga. Sedangkan untuk kerugian head pada alat bantu pipa (minor losses) galve valve,sambungan tee,dan lbow dengan faktor kerugian yang di hasilkan untuk paling besar terdapat pada sambungan tee dengan hasil setiap pembukaan katub pertama (75.91) kedua (71.17) ketiga (66.42) Dan faktor kerugian pada Galve valve menghasilkan dari pembukaan katub pertama (71.17) kedua (56.94) dan ketiga (42,69) dan paling terendah ada pada lbow dengan hasil nilai dari pembukaan katub pertama kedua (61.67) kedua (68.80) ketiga (75.91).Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat di simpulkan bahwa kerugian head (mayor losses) pada pipa galvanis dan stainless. untuk pipa galvanis lebih besar tingkat kerugiannya di banding pipa stainless.Sedangkan pada alat bantu pipa (minir losses) nilai kerugian terbesar pada sambungan tee,kemudian galeu valve dan yang paling kecil pada lbow.
INTEREST RATE, MONEY SUPPLY AND GROWTH OF MORTGAGE FINANCING AMONG COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Authors: Luyali Chanzu , Bichanga Julius , Gekara M
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interest rate and money supply on the growth of mortgage financing among Commercial banks in Kenya.

Materials and methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population contained 35 loan lending commercial banks over a period between 1985 and 2019. Secondary data was used from desired financial statements available to the public of the singular commercial banks and other posted reports of financial institutions and establishments in conformity with the study. Time-series data were analyzed using STATA version 13 software, regression analysis and model specification tests. The hypothesis was tested using the multiple regression approach a significance level of 0.05 was used.

Results: The study found that interest rate (coef= -0.0822, p= 0.007) and money supply (coef= 0.548, p= 0.00) have significant effects on the growth of mortgage financing among Kenyan commercial banks.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Kenya's central bank should put in place mechanisms to guarantee that interest rates and money supply do not have adverse impacts on bank mortgage financing. The government should guarantee currency stability since currency fluctuations may have a negative impact on commercial bank mortgage borrowing. The classical theory is therefore relevant in our research since interest rates impact mortgages when capital demand increases. The quantity theory of money demand also holds that individuals want cash based on the transactions they need.
INCIDÊNCIA DE LER\DORT NOS ODONTÓLOGOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE NANUQUE- MG
Authors: Corrêa Cruz Kennia Lívia , Brandão Amorim Patrícia , da Silva Santos Amanda Gabrielle
Published: October 2021

Presente no cotidiano dos Cirurgiões Dentistas as Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos (LER) ou Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) são patologias que acometem músculos, tendões, articulações e ligamentos. A causa advém da sobrecarga acumulada ao longo dos tempos do trabalho estático exercido, bem como da utilização da força em excesso, muitas vezes associada à precisão. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a incidência de LER\DORT, quadro álgico e o perfil de trabalho exercidos nos profissionais de odontologia do município de Nanuque-MG. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, aplicado, realizado através de um estudo de casos, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi utilizado questionário autoaplicável contendo perguntas objetivas em uma amostra de 14 Cirurgiões Dentistas, realizado no período de abril a maio de 2021. Constatou-se que o sexo predominante é o masculino sendo que destes, metade está na profissão a menos de cinco anos. Mais de 70% se sentem cobrados por produtividade, fator que agrega na aquisição dessas patologias. Menos de 30% responderam já possuir alguma lesão\disfunção provenientes do trabalho, porém somente 7,1% foram diagnosticados precisamente com LER\DORT. Sentem dores no início, durante ou final do expediente 50%, desses 37,5 sentem dores no final do expediente, os outros 50% não sem dores. 21,4% dos CDs, não realizam pausa entre os atendimentos, 35,7% realizam a pausa necessária e 42,9% dizem realizar eventualmente a pausa necessária para recuperação do corpo. Conclui-se que a qualidade de vida no trabalho, destacando fatores físicos e psicossociais assumem grande importância na incidência de LER\DORT e na produtividade destes profissionais.
Debates on Changes in the Foreign Policy of Contemporary China (A Case Study of the English Language Academic Publications)
Authors: Pestsov S. K.
Published: October 2021

Due to a rapid economic growth over the past several decades China has significantly strengthened its international positions. This growth in its own turn was to a large extent due to a pragmatic and sound foreign strategy that the country has been pursuing since mid-1970s. However, in recent years both within and outside China there has been an on-going debate on the alleged radical transformation of the PRC’s perceptions of its national interests, its place in world politics, and its foreign policy. The variety of opinions becomes increasingly complicated as the number of discussants grows and new arguments are adduced in support of different positions. Whereas outside China this debate structures around the narrative of the Chinese assertiveness, within the country the main dispute is between the advocates of a traditional policy of ‘keeping a low profile’ (taoguang yanghui) and proponents of a new ‘striving for achievements’ (fenfa youwei) strategy. The present paper aims to provide a framework for a systematization of debates on the contemporary foreign policy of China in the English language academic literature based on two criteria: whether a researcher admits that the Chinese foreign policy is changing and how he assesses implications of these changes. Such an approach undoubtedly entails certain schematization of the presented views and arguments. However, it differs favorably from traditional, more narrative approaches to conceptualization of the debate since it establishes a clear, transparent theoretical framework aimed to identify the substantive core of the presented views. This, in turn, can bring about a better understanding of the current state and possible evolution of Chinese foreign policy in general. The author concludes that although these debates are far from being over, most researchers admit the PRC’s foreign policy strategy is undergoing a radical transformation. Since the latter half of 2000s there has been a steady trend in the foreign policy of China towards greater assertiveness. At the same time this transformation ensures continuity of the basic principles of Chinese diplomacy. All this means that further debates on the Chinese foreign policy should focus primarily on potential implications of this transformation for the PRC, the regional dynamics and international relations system as a whole.
Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Architects Vir.Mueller
Published: October 2021

El diseño arquitectónico del Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad de Ahmedabad ejemplifica la tipología de un cuadrilátero académico: un patio con jardín central, flanqueado por salas de estudiantes y profesores. Atemporal pero contemporáneo, este claustro es el vínculo de una comunidad de estudiantes y académicos, muchos de los cuales son los primeros en sus familias en asistir a la universidad.
Nuevo edificio Aulario, Universidad de Alioune Diop, Bambey, Senegal
Authors: Consulting Engineering Architecture IDOM
Published: October 2021

En Senegal la sombra y el agua lo son todo. Este proyecto de aulario, primo-hermano de otro en Gastón Berger, San Luis, que desarrollamos por encargo del Ministerio de Educación y el Banco Mundial, pretende responder a este contexto como la máquina perfecta, bella en su eficiencia y sin motor. Planteamos el diseño desde la sección, dotando al edificio de una gran cubierta doble y una gran celosía de fachada sur, un escudo en forma de “L” tumbada, que evita la radiación solar directa, pero es permeable al aire. Este escudo crea un efecto Venturi generando un flujo de aire constante entre envolvente y aulas reduciendo la temperatura interior. El edificio es constructivamente sencillo, adecuado a las posibilidades del lugar: bloques de hormigón construidos a pie de obra revestidos con mortero y vigas de acero de celosía.

 
Para além da sala de aula
Authors: Cibim Julia Pichi , Ribeiro Olívia Cristina Ferreira
Published: October 2021

O ingresso na universidade proporciona experiências que vão além do ambiente acadêmico, possibilita uma nova visão de mundo e um crescimento pessoal, social e profissional. A partir desse contexto, essa pesquisa buscou compreender o papel das atividades complementares na formação dos/as alunos/as e egressos/as na graduação da Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEF/Unicamp). Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, esta por meio de um questionário online, respondido por 55 participantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística analítica e da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades complementares estão presentes na trajetória de grande parte dos/as alunos/as da FEF/Unicamp e tem um papel relevante em suas formações. Faz-se necessária a criação de políticas estudantis que garantam a participação democrática e igualitária de todos/as os/as alunos/as nessas atividades, assim como uma maior valorização desses espaços de formação.
Government response to COVID-19: Gaps revealed
Authors: Barth, PhD Tom , Staley, MPA Kevin , Gonyar, MPA Chris , Combs, MPA John , Kiley, MPA Shawn
Published: October 2021

Drawing on the diverse perspectives of four emergency management professionals and a public administration academic, gaps revealed by our nation’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. These gaps range from political theory regarding our government system of federalism to fundamental questions around the public communication of risk management and the provision of mass shelter and care.
COVID-19: Exposing the need for emergency management to invest in systems thinking
Authors: Renger, PhD, MEP Ralph
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed numerous challenges in the emergency management (EM) response system. The article contends that had EM deliberately and systematically engaged in systems thinking; it would have been better able to anticipate and respond to many of the challenges. Reasons for EM not fully embracing systems thinking are discussed, including the perception that it is complex and theoretical. This article attempts to dispel these beliefs by first demonstrating how many systems-thinking concepts are already embedded in the EM ethos and then by illustrating the application of system principles in the context of the COVID-19 response. This article concludes by recommending EM invest in training to encourage the systematic application of system principles in emergency preparedness and response.
Inhibition of miR-34a ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Zhu Shilin , Tang Jianghong , Lan Lan , Su Feng
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to determine whether miR-34a was involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Material and methods

Rats received middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to simulate I/R injury. At 24 h after MCAO surgery, neurological deficits and infarct volumes were evaluated according to Longa’s scale and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) chloride staining. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and the expression of miR-34a and associated proteins were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting. Several markers of oxidative stress were detected using commercial kits, and the interaction between miR-34a and BDNF was measured by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP).

Results

The results showed that miR-34a was upregulated (p < 0.05), whereas BDNF was downregulated (p < 0.05) in the MCAO rats, and this negative correlation was accompanied by clear oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. RIP demonstrated a clear interaction between miR-34a and BDNF. Furthermore, miR-34a was also found to inhibit oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, increase BDNF expression, and ameliorate neurological deficits and infarct volumes (p < 0.05) seen in the MCAO rats.

Conclusions

These data suggested that inhibition of miR-34a ameliorated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting BDNF. This mechanism represents a novel and promising target for the treatment of strokes.
Die Neumann-Mühle
Authors: Heerlein M. , Kögler Hw. , Gebauer F. , Gebauer J.
Published: October 2021

Die Mühle in der Sächsischen Schweiz mit großer Geschichte und einer neuen Herausforderung für die Zukunft – Technikgeschichte von Gestern – Heute und in Zukunft erleben?
Notas sobre la "autonomía'' del Estado. El caso de El Salvador
Authors: Griffith Kati , González Luis Armando
Published: October 2021

Los autores reflexionan sobre el problema de la autonomía del Estado en un contexto dominado por el neoliberalismo y la globalización. Dos preguntas básicas orientan el artículo: (a) ¿cómo explicar la falta de autonomía estatal en una sociedad en proceso de democratización como la salvadoreña? y (b) ¿goza un Estado periférico de algún margen de autonomía ante las élites nacionales y los organismos financieros internacionales, o acaso está sometido irrestrictamente a éstos?. Para avanzar en una respuesta tentativa a esas preguntas los autores hacen, primero, una revisión de algunas teorías sobre la autonomía del Estado y la democratización. Y, en segundo lugar, tras somero recorrido sobre la historia salvadoreña en el siglo XX, sugieren algunas hipótesis para explicar las condiciones que han aumentado y diminuido la autonomía del Estado en El Salvador.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 612, 1999: 893-910.
Octubre
Authors: Editor El
Published: October 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 612, 1999: 943-950.
Valoración del siglo XX desde los mártires
Authors: Editor El
Published: October 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 613-614, 1999: 957-974.
Noviembre-diciembre
Authors: Editor El
Published: October 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 613-614, 1999: 1065-1074.
Arheologii ale prezentului în Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020
Authors: Stan Adriana
Published: October 2021

The paper disscusses the literary-historiographical enterprise of Mihai Iovănel’s History of the Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2000 as a turning point in respect with the twofold aesthetic and ethnocentric dominant of this genre in Romania, whose tradition that is traceable back to the pos-Thaw period prolongs into postcommunism. Iovănel’s self-claimed ”postmarxist” approach puts under a deconstructive lens the ideological embededness of the Romanian literary space, whose postcommunist avatar still owes largely to its communist heritage by its indebtment to dominantly conservative and right ideologies. It also switches the analytical focus of the literary history towards the material (i.e. social, institutional, and so forth) conditions of the literary production per se. My essays develops two basic critical points derived from the above-mentioned premises. One concerns the topicality of the literary historian’s leftist vantage point in the view of deciphering long-engrained myths of the national literature and of its criticism, thus providing a clearer, more realist picture of its concrete phenomena. The other debates the utility and eventual drawbacks of the retrospective analysis the historian is forced to assume in order to achieve his deconstructive task, a retrospection that pushes his investigation way behind the confines of ”contemporaneity”.
Automatic and Manual Filling System
Authors: Vazquez Ernesto Mendoza , Reyes Jonny Carmona , Hernández Evelin Alonso
Published: October 2021

This project aims to develop a filling system with automatic and manual mode, for filling domestic water tanks with an easy-to-use interface for the general public. A filling system was developed with the help of an ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level in the tank. The data obtained will be transferred and processed to the microcontroller of the Arduino program, this information will be represented graphically in the output device (LCD screen). For the control system, 2 buttons have been implemented to activate the automatic and manual modes, with this, it is possible to control the filling level of the water tank. This will allow us to know the advantages and disadvantages which will contribute to the formation of more solid knowledge regarding control systems.
Comparison of expression patterns of six canonical clock genes of follicular phase and luteal phase in Small-tailed Han sheep
Authors: Han Qi , He Xiaoyun , Di Ran , Chu Mingxing
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that is closely related to
the rhythmic expression of a series of clock genes. Results from several
studies have indicated that clock genes are associated with the estrous cycle in
female animals. Until now, the relationship between estrus cycle transition
and clock gene expression in reproductive-axis-related tissues has remained
unknown in Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. This study was conducted to analyze
the expression patterns of six canonical clock genes (Clock, BMAL1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2) in the follicle
phase and luteal phase of STH sheep. We found that all six genes were
expressed in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, uterus,
and oviduct in follicle and luteal phases. The results indicated that Clock expression
was significantly higher in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, and uterus of
the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase, whereas BMAL1 expression was
significantly higher in the hypothalamus of the luteal phase than that of
the follicle phase. Per1 expression was significantly higher in the brain,
cerebellum, hypothalamus, and pituitary of the luteal phase than that of the follicle
phase, and Per2 expression was significantly higher in the hypothalamus,
pituitary, and uterus of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase. Cry1
expression was significantly higher in the brain, cerebellum, and
hypothalamus of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase, whereas Cry2 expression
was significantly higher in the pituitary of the luteal phase than that of the
follicle phase. The clock gene expression in all tissues was different
between follicle and luteal phases, but all clock gene mRNA levels were
found to exhibit higher expression among seven tissues in the luteal
phase. Our results suggest that estrous cycles may be associated
with clock gene expression in the STH sheep. This is the first study to
systematically analyze the expression patterns of clock genes of different
estrous cycle in ewes, which could form a basis for further studies to
develop the relationship between clock genes and the estrous cycle.
Soil δ15N is a better indicator of ecosystem nitrogen cycling than plant δ15N: A global meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Kaihua , Lai Xiaoming , Zhu Qing
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The nitrogen-15 (15N) natural abundance composition
(δ15N) in soils or plants is a useful tool to indicate the
openness of ecosystem N cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the
influence of the experimental warming on soil and plant δ15N.
We applied a global meta-analysis method to synthesize 79 and 76 paired
observations of soil and plant δ15N from 20 published studies,
respectively. Results showed that the mean effect sizes of the soil and
plant δ15N under experimental warming were −0.524 (95 % CI (confidence interval):
−0.987 to −0.162) and 0.189 (95 % CI: −0.210 to 0.569), respectively. This
indicated that soil δ15N had negative response to warming at
the global scale, where warming had no significant effect on plant δ15N. Experimental warming significantly (p<0.05) decreased
soil δ15N in Alkali and medium-textured soils, in
grassland/meadow, under air warming, for a 4–10-year warming period and for an
increase of >3 ∘C in temperature, whereas it significantly
(p<0.05) increased soil δ15N in neutral and
fine-textured soils and for an increase of 1.5–3 ∘C in temperature.
Plant δ15N significantly (p<0.05) increased with
increasing temperature in neutral and fine-textured soils and significantly
(p<0.05) decreased in alkali soil. Latitude did not affect the
warming effects on both soil and plant δ15N. However, the
warming effect on soil δ15N was positively controlled by the
mean annual temperature, which is related to the fact that the higher
temperature can strengthen the activity of soil microbes. The effect of
warming on plant δ15N had weaker relationships with
environmental variables compared with that on soil δ15N. This
implied that soil δ15N was more effective than plant δ15N in indicating the openness of global ecosystem N cycling.
Comparison of force decay pattern in orthodontic elastomeric chains and NiTi closed coil springs, affected by five different mouthwashes: An in vitro Study
Authors: Mirhashemi Amir Hossein , Habibi Khameneh Niloofar , Shahpoorzadeh Keyvan , Saffar Shahroudi Atefe
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the force decay pattern of elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs which were exposed to five different commercially available mouthwashes.Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 pieces of elastomeric chain (EC) and 60 NiTi closed coil springs (CS) were divided into 6 groups. The specimens were exposed to one of these mouthwashes twice a day for 60 seconds:  Listerine, chlorhexidine, Orthokin, Persica, fluoride and artificial saliva as the control group. The elastomeric chains and NiTi springs were stretched so that they exert the initial force of 250 gr. Their force was measured on the 1, 7, 14 and 28 following days by means of a digital gauge.Results: Elastomeric chains and coil springs had force decrease over time, but EC' force reduction was greater with the highest reduction rate in the first week. However, in the CS group, the force decrease wasn't statistically significant in the first two weeks.  After 28 days in the control groups, 49.8% of the initial force was remained in ECs while the value was 93.3% for CSs. In comparison between mouthwashes, in EC groups, in all mouthwashes except Persica, the remained force was statistically less than control group.Conclusion: Force degradation of elastomeric chains could be exacerbated by use of mouthwashes. About coil springs, force decay was also observed. However, it was not statistically significant. Force reduction was detectable after four weeks of coil springs usage, but in EC groups, the greatest reduction was after the first week.
El sueño del filme 'Pasión' (1969) como viaje inverso de 'La vergüenza' (1968) en Ingmar Bergman
Authors: García-Mansó Angélica
Published: October 2021

Se analiza la escena del sueño de Anna en el filme Pasión (1969), de Ingmar Bergman, en tres niveles: en primer lugar, como relato autónomo; en segundo lugar, en el contexto del filme; y, finalmente, en relación con la película La Vergüenza (1968), del mismo Bergman, que es inmediatamente anterior y de la que proceden las imágenes. Se infiere respectivamente la importancia de lo extradiegético en el filme, una clave de lectura inversa a la que se ofrece en La Vergüenza y, finalmente, un paralelismo mitológico derivado de una aproximación comparada. Al cabo, sueño, mito y cine se manifiestan en Bergman como los tres lados de un triángulo sobre la exégesis de un filme, según confirma el relato del sueño escrito por el mismo director.