bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Regular Exercise During Pregnancy on Early Childhood Neurodevelopment: The Physical Activity for Mothers Enrolled in Longitudinal Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Leão Otávio Amaral de Andrade , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Ricardo Luiza Isnardi Cardoso , Müller Werner de Andrade , Tornquist Luciana , Martins Rafaela Costa , Murray Joseph , Silveira Mariângela Freitas , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Curi Hallal Pedro , Mielke Gregore Iven
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise during pregnancy on early childhood neurodevelopment (cognitive, motor, and language domains). Methods: A randomized controlled trial nested into the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort was conducted. Healthy pregnant women were enrolled between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation; 424 women and their children (intervention [n = 141]; control [n = 283]) were analyzed. An exercise-based intervention 3 times per week was delivered over 16 weeks. Child neurodevelopment and its domains were assessed at 1, 2, and 4 years. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals are presented. Results: No effects of exercise during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment and its domains at age 1 year were observed. Compared with the control group, children from women in the exercise group had higher language score at age 2 years (standardized mean differences = 0.23; 95% confidence intervals, 0.02 to 0.44) and higher cognitive score (standardized mean differences = 0.22; 95% confidence intervals, 0.03 to 0.41) at age 4 years. No effects of exercise during pregnancy were observed in the motor domain at 1, 2, and 4 years. Conclusions: No detrimental effects of exercise during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment were observed. In addition, these findings suggest that exercise during pregnancy can result in small benefits for language and cognitive development.
Neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination wane over time and are boosted by breakthrough infection
Authors: Evans John P. , Zeng Cong , Carlin Claire , Lozanski Gerard , Saif Linda J. , Oltz Eugene M. , Gumina Richard J. , Liu Shan-Lu
Published: February 2022

The waning efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, combined with the continued emergence of variants resistant to vaccine-induced immunity, has reignited debate over the need for booster vaccine doses. To address this, we examined the neutralizing antibody response against the spike protein of five major SARS-CoV-2 variants, D614G, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), in health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Serum samples were collected before vaccination, 3 weeks after first vaccination, 1 month after second vaccination, and 6 months after second vaccination. Minimal neutralizing antibody titers were detected against Omicron pseudovirus at all four time points, including for most patients who had SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Neutralizing antibody titers against all other variant spike protein–bearing pseudoviruses declined markedly from 1 to 6 months after the second mRNA vaccine dose, although SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted vaccine responses. In addition, mRNA-1273–vaccinated HCWs exhibited about twofold higher neutralizing antibody titers than BNT162b2-vaccinated HCWs. Together, these results demonstrate possible waning of antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants that is dependent on prior infection status and the mRNA vaccine received. They also show that the Omicron variant spike protein can almost completely escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited in recipients of only two mRNA vaccine doses.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Cellular Entry and Host Range Restriction of Lujo Virus
Authors: Saito Takeshi , Hattori Takanari , Okuya Kosuke , Manzoor Rashid , Miyamoto Hiroko , Kajihara Masahiro , Takada Ayato
Published: February 2022

Lujo virus (LUJV) infects humans with high mortality rates, but the host range of LUJV remains unknown. We found that rodent-derived cell lines were less susceptible to LUJV infection than were human-derived cell lines, and the differential susceptibilities were determined by the difference of CD63, the intercellular receptor of LUJV.
Inhibition of Protein
N-
Glycosylation Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Casas-Sanchez Aitor , Romero-Ramirez Alessandra , Hargreaves Eleanor , Ellis Cameron C. , Grajeda Brian I. , Estevao Igor L. , Patterson Edward I. , Hughes Grant L. , Almeida Igor C. , Zech Tobias , Acosta-Serrano Álvaro
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike surface proteins to infect human cells. Spike proteins are heavily modified with several
N
-glycans, which are predicted to modulate their function.
Carbon Catabolite Repression Governs Diverse Physiological Processes and Development in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Chen Yingying , Dong Liguo , Alam Md Ashiqul , Pardeshi Lakhansing , Miao Zhengqiang , Wang Fang , Tan Kaeling , Hynes Michael J. , Kelly Joan M. , Wong Koon Ho
Published: February 2022

The ability to scavenge and use a wide range of nutrients for growth is crucial for microorganisms’ survival in the wild. Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a transcriptional regulatory phenomenon of both bacteria and fungi to coordinate the expression of genes required for preferential utilization of carbon sources.
A Bacterial Dynamin-Like Protein Confers a Novel Phage Resistance Strategy on the Population Level in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Guo Lijun , Sattler Laura , Shafqat Samia , Graumann Peter L. , Bramkamp Marc
Published: February 2022

Bacteria have to cope with myriads of phages in their natural environments. Consequently, they have evolved sophisticated systems to prevent phage infection or epidemic spreading of the infection in the population.
Genome Informatics and Machine Learning-Based Identification of Antimicrobial Resistance-Encoding Features and Virulence Attributes in Escherichia coli Genomes Representing Globally Prevalent Lineages, Including High-Risk Clonal Complexes
Authors: Shaik Sabiha , Singh Anuradha , Suresh Arya , Ahmed Niyaz
Published: February 2022

With the increase in the amounts of whole-genome data being generated, the application of relevant methods to mine biologically significant information from microbial genomes is of the utmost importance to public health genomics. Machine-learning methods have been used not just to predict or classify the data but also to identify the relevant features that could be linked with a particular class/target.
Augmentation of the Riboflavin-Biosynthetic Pathway Enhances Mucosa-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cell Activation and Diminishes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence
Authors: Dey Ruchi Jain , Dey Bappaditya , Harriff Melanie , Canfield Elizabeth T. , Lewinsohn David M. , Bishai William R.
Published: February 2022

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an important subset of innate lymphocytes that recognize microbial ligands derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway and mediate antimicrobial immune responses. Modulated MAIT cell responses have been noted in different forms of tuberculosis.
Supplemental Material: Nanoscale isotopic evidence resolves origins of giant Carlin-type ore deposits
Authors: Holley E.A. , al. et
Published: February 2022

Detailed methods, description of materials, and data tables.
Supplemental Material: Significance of U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology for mudstone provenance
Authors: Sylvester Paul , al. et
Published: February 2022

Sample preparation, SEM and LA-ICP-MS analysis, (text and Table S1), detailed zircon BSE images (Figure S1), and U-Pb zircon data for zircon unknowns (Tables S2–S5, Figures S2 and S5) and reference materials (Tables S6 and S7, and Figures S3 and S4).
Train at home, but not alone: a randomised controlled multicentre trial assessing the effects of live-streamed tele-exercise during COVID-19-related lockdowns
Authors: Wilke Jan , Mohr Lisa , Yuki Gustavo , Bhundoo Adelle Kemlall , Jiménez-Pavón David , Laiño Fernando , Murphy Niamh , Novak Bernhard , Nuccio Stefano , Ortega-Gómez Sonia , Pillay Julian David , Richter Falk , Rum Lorenzo , Sanchez-Ramírez Celso , Url David , Vogt Lutz , Hespanhol Luiz
Published: February 2022

Objective

Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic caused reductions in physical activity (PA) and decreases in mental and somatic health. Considering the interplay between these factors, we investigated the effects of digital home exercise (DHE) during government-enforced lockdowns.

Methods

A multicentre randomised controlled trial was performed allocating healthy individuals from nine countries (N=763; 523 female) to a DHE or an inactive control group. During the 4-week main intervention, DHE members engaged in live-streamed multicomponent home exercise. Subsequently, both groups had access to prerecorded workouts for an additional 4 weeks. Outcomes, assessed weekly, included PA level (Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7), mental well-being (WHO-5 Questionnaire), sleep quality (Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale), pain/disability (Chronic Pain Grade Scale) and exercise motivation (Self-Concordance Scale). Mixed models were used for analysis.

Results

Live-streamed DHE consistently increased moderate PA (eg, week 1: 1.65 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.94) and vigorous PA (eg, week 1: 1.31 times more minutes per week, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61), although the effects decreased over time. In addition, exercise motivation, sleep quality and anxiety were slightly improved for DHE in the 4-week live streaming period. The same applied to mental well-being (mean difference at week 4: +0.99, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.86), but an inverted trend was observed after live streaming was substituted by prerecorded exercise.

Conclusions

Live-streamed DHE represents an efficacious method to enhance PA and selected markers of health during pandemic-related public life restrictions. However, research on implementation is warranted to reduce dropout rates.

Trial Registration number

DRKS00021273.
Pooled testing of sputum with Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra during tuberculosis active case finding campaigns in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Iem Vibol , Chittamany Phonenaly , Suthepmany Sakhone , Siphanthong Souvimone , Siphanthong Phitsada , Somphavong Silaphet , Kontogianni Konstantina , Dodd James , Khan Jahangir AM , Dominguez Jose , Wingfield Tom , Creswell Jacob , Cuevas Luis E
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Active case finding (ACF) of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) is a key intervention to find the 30% of people missed every year. However, ACF requires screening large numbers of individuals who have a low probability of positive results, typically <5%, which makes using the recommended molecular tests expensive.

Methods

We conducted two ACF surveys (in 2020 and 2021) in high TB burden areas of Lao PDR. Participants were screened for TB symptoms and received a chest X-ray. Sputum samples of four consecutive individuals were pooled and tested with Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/rifampicin (RIF) (Xpert-MTB/RIF) (2020) or Xpert-Ultra (2021). The agreement of the individual and pooled samples was compared and the reasons for discrepant results and potential cartridge savings were assessed.

Results

Each survey included 436 participants, which were tested in 109 pools. In the Xpert-MTB/RIF survey, 25 (sensitivity 89%, 95% CI 72.8% to 96.3%) of 28 pools containing MTB-positive samples tested positive and 81 pools containing only MTB-negative samples tested negative (specificity 100%, 95% CI 95.5% to 100%). In the Xpert-Ultra survey, all 32 (sensitivity 100%, 95% CI 89.3% to 100%) pools containing MTB-positive samples tested positive and all 77 (specificity 100%, 95% CI 95.3% to 100%) containing only MTB-negative samples tested negative. Pooling with Xpert-MTB/RIF and Xpert-Ultra saved 52% and 46% (227/436 and 199/436, respectively) of cartridge costs alone.

Conclusion

Testing single and pooled specimens had a high level of agreement, with complete concordance when using Xpert-Ultra. Pooling samples could generate significant cartridge savings during ACF campaigns.
Positioning Africa’s public health doctoral students to lead societal transformation and development
Authors: Ndejjo Rawlance , Ssemugabo Charles , Osuret Jimmy , Zziwa Esther Bayiga , Fonn Sharon , Alfvén Tobias , Mukanga David , Khayesi Meleckidzedeck , Wanyenze Rhoda K.
Published: February 2022

The public health context is becoming increasingly more complex requiring highly trained professionals equipped with knowledge, competencies and tools to address or transform current and future challenges. Doctoral degree training offers an opportunity to build the capacity to detect and respond to such dynamic health challenges. In this paper, we discuss how Africa’s public health doctoral students can be better positioned for the different career pathways to provide leadership on complex health and development challenges. Public health PhD graduates can take up careers in academia, civil service, private sector and civil society, among others. To thrive in these pathways, PhD training should equip them with knowledge, skills and competencies in leadership, creativity and social competence among others. To produce career-ready PhD graduates, there is need to rethink training curricula to build critical skills for diverse career pathways, introduce students to entrepreneurship, and enhance linkages between universities and industry. Experiential learning, exposure to networks and partnerships, postdoctoral programmes and mentorship and exchange programmes can further equip PhD students with key knowledge, skills and competencies. For students to position themselves for the different careers, they ought to plan their careers early, albeit with flexibility. Students should build their soft skills and embrace technology among other transferable competencies. By identifying potential career pathways and being positioned for these early, Africa can produce transformative PhD students on a path for success not just for themselves but for society at large, including in new environments such as that created by COVID-19.
Prevalence of suspected child abuse in children with constipation: a case–control study
Authors: Vriesman Mana H , Vrolijk- Bosschaart Thekla F , Lindauer Ramón J L , van der Lee Johanna H , Brilleslijper-Kater Sonja , Teeuw Arianne H , Benninga Marc A
Published: February 2022

Background

A possible association between child abuse and neglect (CAN) and functional constipation (FC) has been described in adults, however, limited data are available in children. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of suspected CAN in children with FC as compared with their healthy peers.

Methods

A case–control study was carried out in children aged 3–10 years. Children with FC were recruited at a tertiary outpatient clinic, and healthy controls were recruited at schools. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires about the history and behaviour of their child, children were inquired using a semistructured interview about experienced traumatic events and sexual knowledge. The interview was scored by two independent observers. The prevalence of suspected CAN was determined according to the questionnaires and interview.

Results

In total, 228 children with FC and 153 healthy controls were included. Both groups were age and gender comparable (50% females, median age 6 years (not significant)). No significant difference in the prevalence of suspected CAN was found between children with FC and healthy controls (23.3% vs 30.1%, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.12, p=0.14), including a suspicion of sexual, emotional and physical abuse.

Conclusion

Suspected CAN was detected in both children with FC as in healthy controls. The possible association between CAN and FC in children could not be confirmed.
Mitochondria Signaling Pathways in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Qian Ling , Mehrabi Nasab Entezar , Athari Seyyede Masoume , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
Published: February 2022

Mitochondria, as the powerhouse organelle of cells, are greatly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways, including those related to the innate and acquired immune systems, cellular differentiation, growth, death, apoptosis, and autophagy as well as hypoxic stress responses in various diseases. Asthma is a chronic complicated airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of airway. The asthma mortality and morbidity rates have increased worldwide, so understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma progression is necessary for new anti-asthma drug development. The lung is an oxygen-rich organ, and mitochondria, by sensing and processing O2, contribute to the generation of ROS and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Asthma pathophysiology has been tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced ATP synthase activity, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and abnormal calcium homeostasis. Defects of the mitochondrial play an essential role in the pro-remodeling mechanisms of lung fibrosis and airway cells’ apoptosis. Identification of mitochondrial therapeutic targets can help repair mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction and reverse related pathological changes and lung structural remodeling in asthma. Therefore, we here overviewed the relationship between mitochondrial signaling pathways and asthma pathogenic mechanisms.
Temperature exposure in cod driven by changes in abundance
Authors: von Leesen Gotje , Bogstad Bjarte , Hjörleifsson Einar , Ninnemann Ulysses S. , Campana Steven E.
Published: February 2022

Animals actively select the most suitable habitat in terms of fitness, much of which is mediated by temperature. We reconstructed population abundance, oxygen isotope and temperature chronologies for the Icelandic and the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod (Gadus morhua) populations to determine if their temperature selectivity over the last 100 years was driven by rising water temperatures and (or) changes in abundance. Individual annual growth increments from immature and mature life history stages of cod collected in southern Iceland and the Lofoten area (Norway) were micromilled from adult otoliths and then assayed for stable oxygen isotopes (δ18Ootolith). Linear mixed effect models were used to identify and quantify the density-dependent temperature exposure of both cod populations. The results indicated that Icelandic cod migrated into warmer waters with increasing abundance (p < 0.05), whereas NEA cod moved into colder waters (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that thermal preferences and density-dependent effects can be used to forecast potential redistribution scenarios of fish as oceans warm.
A simple game and its dynamical richness for modeling synchronization in firefly-like oscillators
Authors: Ramírez-Ávila G. M. , Depickère S. , Deneubourg J. L. , Kurths J.
Published: February 2022

Synchronization in pulse-coupled oscillators has been broadly studied under different perspectives. We present a game with simple rules to describe synchronization in such kinds of oscillators. This game, intended to describe easily how fireflies synchronize, constitutes a discrete model different from those based on maps, ordinary differential equations, or multi-agent systems. Our results on complete synchronization depend strongly on the used rules that we compare statistically. We also calculate the basins of attraction to quantify the importance of the initial conditions in reaching or not synchronization and the time intervals required for that.
Parallel-Machine Scheduling with Step-Deteriorating Jobs to Minimize the Total (Weighted) Completion Time
Authors: Miao Cuixia , Kong Fanyu , Zou Juan , Ma Ran , Huo Yujia
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we consider the parallel-machine scheduling with step-deteriorating jobs. The actual processing time of each job deteriorates as a step function if its starting time is beyond a given deteriorating date. We focus on the case of the common job deteriorating date. For the minimization problem of total completion time, we first show that the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. Then we propose one property of any optimal schedule. Furthermore, we prove that two special cases of common normal processing time or common penalty are polynomially solvable. For the minimization problem of total weighted completion time, we analyze the NP-hardness and present a polynomial time optimal algorithm for the case of common normal processing time and common penalty.
Topological symmetry groups of the Petersen graph
Authors: Chambers D. , Flapan E. , Heath D. , Lawrence E. , Thatcher C. , Vanderpool R.
Published: February 2022

We characterize all groups which can occur as the topological symmetry group or the orientation preserving topological symmetry group of some embedding of the Petersen graph in [Formula: see text].
Axes of Jordan type in non-commutative algebras
Authors: Rowen Louis , Segev Yoav
Published: February 2022

The Peirce decomposition of a Jordan algebra with respect to an idempotent is well known. This decomposition was taken one step further and generalized recently by Hall, Rehren and Shpectorov, with their introduction of axial algebras, and in particular primitive axial algebras of Jordan type (PAJs for short). It turns out that these notions are closely related to three-transposition groups and vertex operator algebras. De Medts, Peacock, Shpectorov and M. Van Couwenberghe generalized axial algebras to decomposition algebras which, in particular, are not necessarily commutative. This paper deals with decomposition algebras which are non-commutative versions of PAJs.
Einstein nilradicals are completable
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yan Zaili
Published: February 2022

An Einstein nilradical is a nilpotent Lie algebra which can be the nilradical of an Einstein metric solvable Lie algebra. A Lie algebra is called complete if its center is zero and all its derivations are inner. A nilpotent Lie algebra is called completable if it is the maximal nilpotent ideal of a complete solvable Lie algebra. In this short note, based on the classification result of Einstein metric solvable Lie algebras, we show that any Einstein nilradical is completable. This provides a purely algebraic obstruction for a nilpotent Lie algebra to be an Einstein nilradical.
Improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Model for Simulation of Abrasive Water-Jet (AWJ)
Authors: Yu Ran , Dong Xiangwei , Du Mingchao , Li Zengliang , Feng Long
Published: February 2022

Simulation of surface erosion by impact of abrasive water-jet (AWJ) is challenging for traditional mesh-based numerical methods, because it involves complex phenomena related to fluid–solid interaction, material removal and free surface flows. In this study, the surface erosion mechanism of ductile target materials by AWJ is investigated based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH, a mesh-free method). The water-jet, abrasives and solid target are all discretized with a series of SPH particles. The water-jet is modeled as a continuous fluid flow, the target material is modeled as a elastic–plastic material, and the abrasives are modeled as rigid bodies. The SPH model is improved by combining several correction algorithms and techniques, which help us to increase the stability and the accuracy of the simulation. The density diffusion correction term is introduced for water-jet, which reduces the pressure noise and makes the pressure field more stable. The dynamic boundary algorithm is used for the abrasives, and the pressure distribution around the abrasive is improved. The interactions among the water-jet, abrasives and solid target are realized by different contact algorithms. The dynamic process of plastic deformation, material removal and crater generation of the target material under AWJ impact can be simulated by the improved SPH model. The proposed model could be useful in the applications of AWJ machining and metal surface erosion.
A novel hybrid machine learning-based frequent item extraction for transactional database
Authors: Srinivasa Rao Divvela , Sucharita V.
Published: February 2022

In big data, the frequent item set mining is an important framework for many applications. Several techniques were used to mine the frequent item sets, but for the collapsed and complex data, it is difficult. Hence, the current research work aimed to model a novel Frequent Pattern Growth-Hybrid Ant Colony and African Buffalo Model (FPG-HACABM) is developed to overcome this issue and to reduce the execution time. Moreover, the Fitness function of HACABM is utilized to calculate the support count of each item and to improve the classification accuracy. Thus the proposed models classify the frequently utilized items accurately and arranged those items in descending order. This helps to run the big data transactional application effectively without any delay. Finally, the key metrics are validated with the existing models and better results are attained by achieving a high accuracy rate of 99.82% and less execution time of 0.0018 ms.
On the torsion of isotropic elastoplastic Cosserat circular cylinders
Authors: Ghiglione Flavien , Forest Samuel
Published: February 2022

Torsional loading of elastoplastic materials leads to size effects which are not captured by classical continuum mechanics and require the use of enriched models. In this work, an analytical solution for the torsion of isotropic perfectly plastic Cosserat cylindrical bars with circular cross-section is derived in the case of generalized von Mises plasticity accounting solely for the symmetric part of the deviatoric stress tensor. The influence of the characteristic length on the microrotation, stress and strain profiles as well as torsional size effects are then investigated. In particular, a size effect proportional to the inverse of the radius of the cylinder is found for the normalized torque. A similar analysis for an extended plasticity criterion accounting for both the couple-stress tensor and the skew-symmetric part of the stress tensor is performed by means of systematic finite element simulations. These numerical experiments predict size effects which are similar to those predicted by the analytical solution. Saturation effects and limit loads are found when the couple-stress tensor enters the yield function.
Formation of the Qiyugou porphyry gold system in East Qinling, China: insights from timing and source characteristics of Late Mesozoic magmatism
Authors: Hu Xin-Kai , Tang Li , Zhang Shou-Ting , Tsunogae Toshiaki , Santosh M. , Sun Li , Spencer Christopher J. , Jeon Heejin , Wang Liang
Published: February 2022

The Qiyugou gold deposit, located in the East Qinling Orogen, is characterized by porphyry, breccia pipe-hosted and fracture-controlled hydrothermal mineralization. Four intrusive phases are identified in this deposit: pre-mineralization quartz porphyry, syn-mineralization granite porphyry associated with breccia pipe-hosted mineralization, syn-mineralization hornblende monzogranite associated with porphyry mineralization and post-mineralization monzogranite porphyry. These granitoids are metaluminous, alkalic to calc-alkalic, shoshonitic to high-K series, and belong to highly fractionated I-type granitoids. Most of the Qiyugou granitoids show relatively lower Sr/Y (<40) and (La/Yb)
N
(average = 12.0) than the typical adakite-like rocks. The granitoids are strongly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) with slightly negative europium anomalies (except for hornblende monzogranite) and moderate depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE), mostly plotting in the range of the basement Taihua Group rocks. Zircon U–Pb ages of granite porphyry, hornblende monzogranite and monzogranite porphyry from the Qi189 pluton, and hornblende monzogranite beneath the J4 breccia pipe are 133.4 ± 0.8, 131.3 ± 0.9, 128.0 ± 0.7 and 129.9 ± 0.9 Ma, respectively. The

ε

Hf

(
t
)

values and T
DM2
ages show a variation trend from −37.4 to −11.4 and from 3530 to 1912 Ma, consistent with Hf isotopic features of the Taihua Group. The

ε

Hf

(
t
)

values have a positive correlation with MgO and negative correlation with SiO
2
, indicating sustained involvement of mantle-derived materials. Notably, these granitoids have comparable

δ

18
O
zircon
values ranging from 5.7 to 5.9‰. The covariations of geochemical and isotopic data indicate that these granitoids were produced by mixing of the partially melted Taihua Group basement with mantle-derived components. The Qiyugou granitoids were generated at different crustal levels by a lithospheric thinning process linked to the tectonic transition from compression to extension at 133–128 Ma. The hornblende monzogranite from the Qi189 pluton was probably more hydrous and resulted from a highly evolved magma after hornblende fractionation, which was favourable for porphyry mineralization. Our study provides insights into the formation of a porphyry gold system associated with a prolonged and active magmatic–hydrothermal system, upwelling of hot asthenosphere and intense mantle–crust interaction.

Supplementary material
: Tables giving compositions of the granitoids are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5835494
Parameters updating and calibrated double-yield model methods to simulate the compaction behaviour of waste rock backfill materials in coal mine gob
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Jixiong , Huang Peng , Zhang Qiang , Wu Zhongya
Published: February 2022

Coal mine waste rock can be filled into the gob to control strata movement and protect the mine environment. However, the compaction behaviour of the waste rock backfill materials (WRBM) must be considered when the they are filled into the coal mine gob. Based on the compaction properties of the WRBM tested by a purpose-made compaction device, Salamon's and Terzaghi's models are used to describe the stress–strain relationship of the WRBM, and the parameters updating (PU) and calibrated double-yield model (CDM) methods to simulate the WRBM are proposed in this paper. An engineering application in a backfill panel is used to validate the reliability of this method by numerical simulation and field measurement. Comparison of the vertical stress inside the WRBM obtained by the numerical simulation using the proposed method with those from field measurement indicates that the proposed method is reliable. The proposed method gives an opportunity to obtain the stress distribution accurately when the WRBM are filled into the coal mine gob.
Examples of Extreme Survival: Tardigrade Genomics and Molecular Anhydrobiology
Authors: Arakawa Kazuharu
Published: February 2022

Tardigrades are ubiquitous meiofauna that are especially renowned for their exceptional extremotolerance to various adverse environments, including pressure, temperature, and even ionizing radiation. This is achieved through a reversible halt of metabolism triggered by desiccation, a phenomenon called anhydrobiosis. Recent establishment of genome resources for two tardigrades, Hypsibius exemplaris and Ramazzottius varieornatus, accelerated research to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind anhydrobiosis, leading to the discovery of many tardigrade-unique proteins. This review focuses on the history, methods, discoveries, and current state and challenges regarding tardigrade genomics, with an emphasis on molecular anhydrobiology. Remaining questions and future perspectives regarding prospective approaches to fully elucidate the molecular machinery of this complex phenomenon are discussed.
Cell Wall Signaling in Plant Development and Defense
Authors: Wolf Sebastian
Published: February 2022

Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal turgor pressure and the mechanical resistance of the surrounding cell wall, which constitutes the interface between plant cells and their environment. The state and integrity of the cell wall are constantly monitored by cell wall surveillance pathways, which relay information to the cell interior. A recent surge of discoveries has led to significant advances in both mechanistic and conceptual insights into a multitude of cell wall response pathways that play diverse roles in the development, defense, stress response, and maintenance of structural integrity of the cell. However, these advances have also revealed the complexity of cell wall sensing, and many more questions remain to be answered, for example, regarding the mechanisms of cell wall perception, the molecular players in this process, and how cell wall–related signals are transduced and integrated into cellular behavior. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic and conceptual insights obtained so far and highlights areas for future discoveries in this exciting area of plant biology.
American Religion in the Era of Increasing Polarization
Authors: Perry Samuel L.
Published: February 2022

Americans are increasingly polarized by a variety of metrics. The dimensions, extent, causes, and consequences of that polarization have been the subject of much debate. Yet despite the centrality of religion to early discussions, the analytical focus on America's divides has largely shifted toward partisan identity, political ideology, race, and class interests. I show that religion remains powerfully implicated in all dimensions of American polarization, and sociologists must once again make religion more central to their analyses. After outlining research on American polarization, focusing on the role of religion, I survey findings within the burgeoning literatures on cultural transformation processes, (White) Christian nationalism, complex religion, and Americans’ attitudes toward science in order to underscore the centrality of ethno-religious identities, religious demography, and religious institutions for both shaping and exacerbating various forms of polarization. Lastly, I propose an agenda for elucidating religion's ongoing role in understanding polarization beyond public opinion research at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. Though polarization research has been dominated by political scientists, leveraging religion in our analyses—not merely as a sui generis variable, but as a site of complex social behavior—facilitates novel sociological contributions to these literatures via our relative attention to multiple levels of analysis, theoretical eclecticism, and methodological fluidity.
Perspective—Thick Film Technology
Authors: Kucerova Radka , Jezova Lucie , Bendova Stepanka , Belusova Anna , Bhardwaj Yuvraj , Krejci Jan
Published: February 2022

Thick Film Technology (TFT) offers a new platform for analytical procedures in Electrochemistry. The most routine technology is screen printing. However, it can introduce new procedures connected with miniaturisation or combination of microfluidic and electrodes. TFT use in electrochemistry is discussed. Examples of different sensors are demonstrated. Details are referred to in the original literature. Advanced applications combining TFT with other technologies are demonstrated (capillary electrophoresis on a chip and a sensor with integrated heating and thermometer). Future of TFT in electrochemistry is discussed, also the drawbacks, connection to production and commercial application are noticed.
Interface Dynamic Investigation of Nitrogen Doped 3YSZ (3YSZ:N)
Authors: Liu Tao , Shi Xu , Li Feifan , Zhang Zhen , Yu Jingkun
Published: February 2022

Y2O3 stabilized zirconia (3YSZ, 3 mol%) and nitrogen doped 3YSZ (3YSZ:N) were prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), cathodic polarization and Tafel curve. Through electrochemical methods, the interface kinetic properties of the Pt/YSZ:N system and the reaction process of nitrogen have been studied. At low temperatures, O2− undergo electrochemical reactions. Nitrogen ions show high reactivity above 650 °C. Nitrogen transfer occurred in at least two steps. First step was the loss of electrons from N3− to obtain intermediate product, and second step was the loss of electrons from intermediate product to obtain nitrogen. Both reactions were controlled by diffusion, and apparent transfer coefficient of the reaction was calculated to be 0.39 and 0.27 with exchange current density of 2.59 × 10−3 A·cm−2.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Partial Oxidation of Methane in a Solid Oxide Cell with Silver-Based Cathode and Nickel-Based Anode
Authors: Zhou Mingyang , Liu Zhijun , Yan Xiaomin , Tan Kai , Tian Fengyuan , Liu Jiang
Published: February 2022

Simultaneous electrochemical reduction of CO2 and partial oxidation of CH4 in a solid oxide cell (CO2/CH4 redox SOC) with Ag-based cathode and Ni-based anode is compared with CO2 reduction in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (CO2-SOEC) and CH4 oxidation in a solid oxide fuel cell (CH4-SOFC). Overpotential losses from different sources and gases products from each electrode are analyzed. Results show that the process of a CO2/CH4 redox SOC is exactly a combination of the cathode process of a CO2-SOEC and the anode process of a CH4-SOFC. With the same CO and syngas obtained, a CO2/CH4 redox SOC consumes less energy because it avoids oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of a CO2-SOEC and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of a CH4-SOFC. At 500 mA cm−2, the overall resistance of an electrolyte-supported CO2/CH4 redox SOC is only half of that for separately reducing CO2 in an SOEC and oxidizing CH4 in an SOFC. The conversion of CH4 and yield of H2 in the SOC approach 81% and 63%, respectively. An anode-supported CO2/CH4 redox SOC is operated stably for 110 h at 1 A cm−2 under an applied voltage of ∼0.9 V. Sufficient current density may prevent high performance Ni-based anode from coking.
Carbonic anhydrases in metazoan model organisms: molecules, mechanisms, and physiology
Authors: Aspatwar Ashok , Tolvanen Martti E. E. , Barker Harlan , Syrjänen Leo , Valanne Susanna , Purmonen Sami , Waheed Abdul , Sly William S. , Parkkila Seppo
Published: February 2022

During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and Caenorhabditis elegans have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι. Studies using model organisms have focused on two CA families, α-CAs and β-CAs, which are expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with species-specific distribution patterns and unique functions. This review covers the biological roles of CAs and CARPs in light of investigations performed in model organisms. Functional studies demonstrate that CAs are not only linked to the regulation of pH homeostasis, the classical role of CAs, but also contribute to a plethora of previously undescribed functions.
An Experimental Study on the Treatment of Engineering Waste Slurry by Using Agent Conditioning-Combined Pressure Filtration
Authors: Wu Yajun , Zhou Rong , Lu Yitian , Zhang Xudong , Lu Jiansheng
Published: February 2022

Taking the waste high-moisture slurry produced at a construction site in Shanghai as the research object, the pressure filtration effect of the slurry under the condition of agent conditioning was studied. First of all, the geotechnical characteristics of the waste slurry under agent conditioning were studied through laboratory experiments, and the selection and addition amount of the agent were preliminarily determined. Then, the influence of agent addition, stirring time, and pressure filtration time on the pressure filtration efficiency was studied through field experiments. Finally, a method to guide the field filtration time by the indoor model test was put forward.
Effect of Microwave Heat Processing on Nutritional Indices, Antinutrients, and Sensory Attributes of Potato Powder-Supplemented Flatbread
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Akhtar Saeed , Ahmad Nazir , Ismail Tariq , Lazarte Claudia E. , Hussain Majid , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal
Published: February 2022

This study aims at evaluating nutritional, toxicological, and sensory attributes of microwave heat-treated potato powder-supplemented unleavened flatbread. Straight-grade wheat flour (SGF) was substituted with potato powder at the rate of 2.5–10% d.w. A comparison was made for nutritional, antinutrient, and organoleptic attributes of microwave heat-treated potato powder and SGF—potato powder composite flour-based flatbreads. The results suggest processed potato powder supplementation in SGF to significantly (

p
<
0.05

) improve ash (0.48 to 0.63 g/100 g), dietary fiber (2.15 to 2.61 g/100 g), and protein (8.33 to 9.91 g/100 g) contents of composite chapatis. Likewise, significant (

p
<
0.05

) improvement in the concentration of microelements and trace elements was observed including Ca, Na, K, Fe, and Zn contents, which were increased from 29.7 to 33.5 mg/100 g, 2.8 to 6.3 mg/100 g, 376 to 466 mg/100 g, 3.1 to 3.4 mg/100 g, and 3.17 to 3.25 mg/100 g, respectively. Microwave heating of potato powder was observed to reduce the load of alkaloids, oxalates, tannins, and phytates of the raw potato powder at the rate of 76%, 80%, 84%, and 82%, respectively, thus anticipating a promising response to minimize toxicant load in supplemented flatbread. Supplementing potato powder in SGF elucidated significant (

p
<
0.05

) improvement in color values, i.e., a∗ (1.89–2.32) and b∗ (10.95–13.22), and increased product hardness from 3.17 to 7.9 N. The study concludes that microwave heat-treated potato powder yield improved nutritional and safety concerns of the consumers when used alone or as a supplement for developing composite flours based on value-added products.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediate Clinically Unpromising but Favourable Immune Responses in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Kaundal Urvashi , Ramachandran Raja , Arora Amit , Kenwar Deepesh B. , Sharma Ratti Ram , Nada Ritambhra , Minz Mukut , Jha Vivekanand , Rakha Aruna
Published: February 2022

Background. Allograft rejection postkidney transplantation (KTx) is a major clinical challenge despite increased access to a healthcare system and improvement in immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have aroused considerable interest in field of transplantation due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. This study was aimed at investigating safety, feasibility, and immunological effects of autologous MSCs (auto-MSCs) and allogeneic MSCs (allo-MSCs) as a complement to IS drug therapy in KTx patients. Methods. 10 patients undergoing KTx with a living-related donor were analysed along with 5 patients in the control group. Patients were given auto-MSCs or allo-MSCs at two time points, i.e., one day before transplant (D-0) and 30 days after transplant (D-30) at the rate of 1.0-

1.5
×

10

6

MSCs per kg body weight in addition to immunosuppressants. Patients were followed up for 2 years, and 29 immunologically relevant lymphocyte subsets and 8 cytokines and important biomarkers were analysed at all time points. Results. Patients displayed no signs of discomfort or dose-related toxicities in response to MSC infusion. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an increase in B regulatory lymphocyte populations and nonconventional T regulatory cells and a decrease in T effector lymphocyte proportions in auto-MSC-infused patients. No such favourable immune responses were observed in all MSC-infused patients. Conclusion. This study provides evidence that auto-MSCs are safe and well tolerated. This is the first ever report to compare autologous and allogeneic MSC infusion in KTx patients. Importantly, our data demonstrated that MSC-induced immune responses in patients did not completely correlate with clinical outcomes. Our findings add to the current perspective of using MSCs in KTx and explore possibilities through which donor/recipient chimerism can be achieved to induce immune tolerance in KTx patients.
The Analysis of Fractional‐Order Proportional Delay Physical Models via a Novel Transform
Authors: Alesemi Meshari , Iqbal Naveed , Hamoud Ahmed A.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we deal with an alternative analytical analysis of fractional‐order partial differential equations with proportional delay, achieved by applying Yang decomposition method, where the fractional derivative is taken in Caputo sense. The suggested series results are discovered to quickly converge to an exact solution. The computation of three test problems of fractional‐order with proportional delay partial differential equations was presented to confirm the validity and efficiency of suggested method. The system appears to be a very dependable, effective, and powerful method for solving a variety of physical problems that arise in engineering and science.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiarthritic, Thrombolytic, and Anthelmintic Activity of Methanol Extract of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees Root
Authors: Islam Shafiqul , Fahad Fowzul Islam , Sultana Arifa , Sayem Syed Al Jawad , Roy Shawon Baran , Islam Mohammad Nazmul , Roy Arpita , Sayeed Mohammed Abu
Published: February 2022

Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is an ethnomedicinally potential Asian herb, locally used to treat cardiovascular diseases and coughs. The study was intended to evaluate qualitative and quantitative investigation to ensure numerous pharmacological properties of methanol extracts of L. hyalina Ness root (MELHR). MELHR manifested strong radical scavenging activity in the reducing power and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays, and phenol and flavonoid in the quantitative assays. In the study of the thrombolytic assay, MELHR showed moderate explicit percentage of clot lysis (29.39 ± 1.40%) with moderate (135.35 µg/mL) toxic properties. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced RBC hemolysis, whereas the plant extract exhibited a significant (p

p

 ˂ 0.005) dose-dependent inhibition and the highest inhibition was found 55.01 ± 3.22% at 1000 µg/mL concentration. Moreover, the MELHR also showed significant (

p

 < 0.005) dose-dependent potentiality on protein denaturation which is considered as antiarthritic activity, and the peak inhibition was found significant (71.97 ± 2.71%) at 1000 µg/mL concentration. MELHR also exhibited the dose-dependent and statistically significant anthelmintic potential on aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex). So, the present investigation suggests that L. hyalina could be the best choice for the management of cardiovascular, inflammation, arthritis, and anthelmintic diseases. Further investigation should be necessary to determine behind the mechanism of bioactivity and therapeutic potential of this plant.