bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating safety of tunneled small bore central venous catheters in chronic kidney disease population: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Bhutani Gauri , El Ters Mireille , Kremers Walter K , Klunder Joe L , Taler Sandra J. , Williams Amy W. , Stockland Andrew H. , Hogan Marie C.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) may adversely impact future successful arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). As part of a quality improvement project, the performance of tunneled small bore tunneled central venous catheters (TSB‐CVCs), as alternatives to PICCs, was evaluated.

Methods: A retrospective observational study, involving individuals ≥18 years of age who underwent TSB‐CVC placement by Interventional Radiology at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN between 1/1/2010 and 8/30/2013.

Findings: The study cohort included 92 patients with a median age of 55 (46–67) years, who underwent 108 TSB‐CVC placements. Baseline renal disease was present in 71% (77/108). Most TSB‐CVCs were placed in hospitalized patients (94%; 102/108); five French in diameter (61%; 66/108) and located in an internal jugular vein (84%; 91/108). Median catheter indwelling time was 20 (11–43) days (n = 84). TSB‐CVC‐related bloodstream infection, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and superficial venous thrombosis (SpVT) rates per line were 0.009 (1/108), 0.018 (2/108), and 0.009 (1/108), respectively. Venous outcomes in a subgroup of 54 patients, who had documented PICC placements (n = 161) in addition to TSB‐CVC (n = 58) were compared. TSB‐CVC‐DVT rate was lower than the PICC‐DVT rate (0.017 [1/58] vs. 0.106 per line [17/161]; P = 0.04). The TSB‐CVC‐SpVT rate was not different from the PICC‐SpVT rate (0 [0/58] vs. 0.037 [6/161] per line; P = 0.14).

Discussion: TSB‐CVCs demonstrated an excellent safety profile in our study. These catheters should be preferentially utilized for arm vein preservation in advanced kidney disease. Their impact on future AVF success needs further evaluation.
Structural and Magnetoelectric Behavior of Lanthanum Manganite‐Based Multiferroic Heterostructures
Authors: Lisnevskaya Inna , Bobrova Irina , Lupeiko Timofey , Dokhoyan Oksana
Published: September 2016

The effect of fabrication method on the structure of (100 − x) wt% BaTiO3 + x wt% La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 (BT + BLM) and (100 − x) wt% Na, Bi, Sr‐doped PZT + x wt% La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 (PZTNB‐1 + PLM) magnetoelectric ceramics was studied. Profound interdiffusion of two interacting phases occurs in nearly all cases. The BT + BLM and PZTNB‐1 + PLM ceramics exhibit low piezoelectric parameters even with small manganite contents (10–20 wt%). The increased content of the magnetostrictive phase complicates the polarization process due to the high conductivity of La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 and La0.65Pb0.35MnO3. Doping of BaTiO3 and PZTNB‐1 with small additions of manganite components affects piezoelectric properties, thereby lowering efficiency of the resulting material.
Evaluation of physicochemical properties and microbial attributes of cooked sausages stuffed in casing modified by surfactants and lactic acid after immersion vacuum cooling and long‐term storage
Authors: Feng Chao‐Hui , García Martín Juan Francisco , Li Cheng , Liu Bao‐Lin , Song Xiao‐Yan , Dong Qing‐Li , Wang Wei , Yang Yong
Published: September 2016

The effects of different cooling methods [commercial cooling and immersion vacuum cooling (IVC)] and different casings (natural casing and modified casing) on colour, texture profile, pH, moisture content and bacterial growth of sausages stored for 21 days were evaluated by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. Total viable count of sausages with natural casing‐IVC (4.03 log cfu g−1) was significantly lower than those of sausages with modified casing‐IVC (4.76 log cfu g−1) and modified casing‐commercial cooling (5.13 log cfu g−1) (P < 0.05) at day 21. According to discriminant analysis, sausages stored for 21 days were clearly differentiated from those stored for 5 and 16 days by gumminess. Sausages with natural casing‐IVC can be discriminated by gumminess from other treatments. The modified casing was conducive to the IVC system; however, the modified casing was unlikely to protect samples against microorganisms.
A Better Model? An Empirical Investigation of the Fama–French Five‐factor Model in Australia
Authors: Chiah Mardy , Chai Daniel , Zhong Angel , Li Song
Published: September 2016

Recently, Fama and French () propose a five‐factor model by adding profitability and investment factors to their three‐factor model. This model outperforms the three‐factor model previously proposed by Fama and French (). Using an extensive sample over the 1982–2013 period, we investigate the performance of the five‐factor model in pricing Australian equities. We find that the five‐factor model is able to explain more asset pricing anomalies than a range of competing asset pricing models, which supports the superiority of the five‐factor model. We also find that despite the results documented by Fama and French (), the book‐to‐market factor retains its explanatory power in the presence of the investment and profitability factors. Our results are robust to alternative factor definitions and the formation of test assets. The study provides a strong out‐of‐sample test of the model, adding to the comparative evidence across international equity markets.
Still standing out: children's names in the United States during the Great Recession and correlations with economic indicators
Authors: Twenge Jean M. , Dawson Lauren , Campbell W. Keith
Published: September 2016

Continuing a long‐standing trend in the U.S. Social Security Administration database of first names (N = 358 million), American parents were less likely to choose common names for their children between 2004 and 2015, including the years of the Great Recession (2008–2010). These trends were similar in California (severely affected by the recession) and Texas (less affected). Over a longer time period (1901–2015), cyclical economic indicators were either not correlated with common names (e.g., stock market performance) or worse economic times predicted fewer common names. The results are consistent with increasing individualism, with limited support for the idea that economic threat leads people to embrace uniqueness and no real support for the idea that economic deprivation leads to more communal name choices.
Thermal inactivation kinetics of Salmonella spp. in ground pork supplemented with cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Suo Biao , Lu Yangliu , Wang Yuexia , Xie Xinhua , Xu Chao , Ai Zhilu
Published: September 2016

This study combined four concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% vol/wt) and four temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70 °C) to predict the thermal inactivation curves of Salmonella spp. in ground pork. The meat samples were inoculated by a strain mixture including a S. Enteritidis and a S. Typhimurium. Experimental results showed that the cinnamaldehyde supplementation in ground pork improved the thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. For example, when the ground pork sample was supplemented by 1% cinnamaldehyde, the time for achieving a 7‐log reduction of Salmonella spp. declined from 43.75 to 12.07 min at 55 °C. By contrast, the logistic model successfully described the primary thermal inactivation. Thereafter, based on the 7.0‐log lethality, secondary models were fitted by selected quadratic fit model rather than other models, because it produced the highest correlation coefficient (r) and determination coefficient (R2) values that were close to 1, as well as the lowest mean square error, and root mean square error values that were close to 0.

Practical applications

In food processing factory, the quadratic fit model has the potential to be used for designing the processing temperatures and time required to effectively inactivate Salmonella spp. in ground pork supplemented with cinnamaldehyde.
Efficacy of a new hemostatic forceps during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tanaka Shinwa , Toyonaga Takashi , Morita Yoshinori , Ishida Tsukasa , Hoshi Namiko , Grimes Kevin L , Ohara Yoshiko , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Kawara Fumiaki , Umegaki Eiji , Azuma Takeshi
Published: September 2016

Background and Aim

Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely accepted standard treatment for early gastric cancer, but one challenging aspect of ESD is hemostasis.

We developed a new hemostatic forceps (FD‐Y0007) with the aim of achieving more effective hemostasis and investigated the hemostatic ability of the FD‐Y0007 during gastric ESD in humans.

Methods

This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial, which was conducted at a cancer referral center. Sixty‐six patients who were scheduled to undergo ESD were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Coagrasper or the FD‐Y0007, which was used for hemostasis throughout the case. The primary end point was the time required to obtain hemostasis, which was measured for the first episode of bleeding during each case.

Results

Hemostasis time for the first bleeding episode during ESD was 73.0 s for the Coagrasper and 21.5 s for the FD‐Y0007 (P < 0.001). When all episodes of bleeding were included, hemostasis time was 56.8 s in the Coagrasper group and 25.5 s in FD‐Y0007group (P < 0.0001). The frequency of adverse events (perforation: 3.4% vs 7.1%; delayed bleeding: 0% vs 0%) was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Compared with the Coagrasper, the FD‐Y0007 efficiently reduces the hemostatic time during gastric ESD with no increase in adverse events.
‘Being the bridge and the beacon’: a qualitative study of the characteristics and functions of the liaison role in child and family health services in Australia
Authors: Olley Hannah , Psaila Kim , Fowler Cathrine , Kruske Sue , Homer Caroline , Schmied Virginia
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectives

This article explores the characteristics and functions of the liaison role in child and family health services in Australia.

Background

Liaison roles are increasingly being used to improve communication between health services and professionals and to facilitate access to support for individuals and families in need. Nurses are commonly, although not always, the professionals who undertake these roles. Research on the role and outcomes of liaison positions in child and family health services is limited in Australia and internationally.

Design

A qualitative interpretive design informed this study. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 40 liaison and other health professionals, primarily nurses, working with families with newborn and young children in two Australian States. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

Three major themes were identified reflecting the importance of defining the role and tasks which included building bridges between services and professionals, supporting families during transition between services and supporting clinicians. Several facilitators and barriers were identified, including concerns about sustainability of the roles.

Conclusions

Professionals working in a liaison role in child and family health services emphasise that these positions have the potential to link services and professionals, thereby providing more effective care pathways for children and families especially for those with complex and multiple vulnerabilities. While a few children and family health services in Australia provide liaison services, the extent of liaison support and the outcomes for families in Australia is unknown.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses working with children and families are the most likely health professionals to undertake a liaison role. In many nursing contexts, liaison roles are relatively new and those in the role have the responsibility to define the key purpose of their role. Liaison roles are multifaceted requiring the nurse to have excellent communication and negotiation skills to effectively link diverse professionals and services, while simultaneously engaging with and supporting vulnerable families and children. Nurses in these roles also support and educate clinical colleagues.
Day surgery nurses' selection of patient preoperative information
Authors: Mitchell Mark
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectives

To determine selection and delivery of preoperative verbal information deemed important by nurses to relay to patients immediately prior to day surgery.

Background

Elective day‐case surgery is expanding, patient turnover is high and nurse–patient contact limited. In the brief time‐frame available, nurses must select and precisely deliver information to patients, provide answers to questions and gain compliance to ensure a sustained, co‐ordinated patient throughput. Concise information selection is therefore necessary especially given continued day surgery expansion.

Study design

Electronic questionnaire.

Methods

A survey investigating nurses' choice of patient information prior to surgery was distributed throughout the UK via email addresses listed on the British Association of Day Surgery member's website (January 2015–April 2015).

Results

Participants were requested to undertake the survey within 2–3 weeks, with 137 participants completing the survey giving a 44% response rate. Verbal information deemed most important by nurses preoperatively was checking fasting time, information about procedure/operation, checking medication, ensuring presence of medical records/test results and concluding medical investigations checks. To a lesser extent was theatre environment information, procedure/operation start time and possible time to discharge. Significant differences were established between perceived importance of information and information delivery concerning the procedure/operation and anaesthesia details.

Conclusion

Nurses working with competing demands and frequent interruptions, prioritised patient safety information. Although providing technical details during time‐limited encounters, efforts were made to individualise provision. A more formal plan of verbal information provision could help ease nurses' cognitive workload and enhance patient satisfaction.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study provides evidence that verbal information provided immediately prior to day surgery may vary with experience. Nurse educators and managers may need to provide greater guidance for such complex care settings as delivery of increasingly technical details during brief encounters is gaining increasing priority.
Navigating communication with families during withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment in intensive care: a qualitative descriptive study in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J , Endacott Ruth , Ranse Kristen , Coombs Maureen A
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectives

To explore how nurses navigate communication with families during withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment in intensive care.

Background

Death in the intensive care unit is seldom unexpected and often happens following the withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment. A family‐centred approach to care relies on the development of a therapeutic relationship and understanding of what is happening to the patient. Whilst previous research has focused on the transition from cure to palliation and the nurse's role in supporting families, less is known about how nurses navigate communication with families during treatment withdrawal.

Design

A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Semi‐structured focus groupswere conducted with adult critical care nurses from four intensive care units, two in Australia and two in New Zealand.

Results

Twenty‐one nurses participated in the study. Inductive content analysis revealed five key themes relating to how nurses navigate family communication: (1) establishing theWHO; (2) working outHOW; (3) judgingWHEN; (4) assessing theWHAT; and (5)WHEREthese skills were learnt.

Conclusions

Navigating an approach to family communication during treatment withdrawal is a complex and multifaceted nursing activity that is known to contribute to family satisfaction with care. There is need for support and ongoing education opportunities that develop the art of communication in this frequently encountered aspect of end‐of‐life care.

Relevance to clinical practice

How nurses navigate communication with families during treatment withdrawal is just as important as what is communicated. Nurses need access to supports and education opportunities in order to be able to perform this vital role.
Medication‐taking behaviours in chronic kidney disease with multiple chronic conditions: a meta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Bartlett Ellis Rebecca J , Welch Janet L
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectives

To identify behaviours associated with taking medications and medication adherence reported in qualitative studies of adults with chronic kidney disease and coexisting multiple chronic conditions.

Background

To inform medication adherence interventions, information is needed to clarify the nature of the relationships between behaviours that support medication‐taking and medication adherence in multiple chronic conditions.

Design

Meta‐ethnographic review and synthesis.

Methods

CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched. Five qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐ethnographic approach was used for synthesis. Medication‐taking behaviours were abstracted from study findings and synthesised according to the contexts in which they occur and interpreted within a new developing framework named the Medication‐taking Across the Care Continuum and Adherence‐related Outcomes.

Results

Twenty categories of medication‐taking behaviours occurred in three main contexts: (1) patient–provider clinical encounters, (2) pharmacy encounters and (3) day‐to‐day management. These behaviours are distinctly different, multilevel and interrelated. Together they represent a process occurring across a continuum.

Conclusions

Future medication adherence research should consider using a multilevel ecological view of medication management. Clinical practice and policy development can benefit from further understanding socio‐contextual behaviours that occur across the continuum. Nurses should have greater presence in chronic disease management and be positioned to support the day‐to‐day home management of patients' medications.

Relevance to clinical practice

Healthcare professionals can partner with patients to elucidate how these behaviours are enacted across the care continuum and in day‐to‐day management to identify opportunities to intervene on specific behaviours and promote medication adherence.
Buyout Activity: The Impact of Aggregate Discount Rates
Authors: HADDAD VALENTIN , LOUALICHE ERIK , PLOSSER MATTHEW
Published: September 2016

Buyout booms form in response to declines in the aggregate risk premium. We document that the equity risk premium is the primary determinant of buyout activity rather than credit‐specific conditions. We articulate a simple explanation for this phenomenon: a low risk premium increases the present value of performance gains and decreases the cost of holding an illiquid investment. A panel of U.S. buyouts confirms this view. The risk premium shapes changes in buyout characteristics over the cycle, including their riskiness, leverage, and performance. Our results underscore the importance of the risk premium in corporate finance decisions.
Bank Leverage and Monetary Policy's Risk‐Taking Channel: Evidence from the United States
Authors: DELL'ARICCIA GIOVANNI , LAEVEN LUC , SUAREZ GUSTAVO A.
Published: September 2016

We present evidence of a risk‐taking channel of monetary policy for the U.S. banking system. We use confidential data on banks’ internal ratings on loans to businesses over the period 1997 to 2011 from the Federal Reserve's Survey of Terms of Business Lending. We find that ex ante risk‐taking by banks (measured by the risk rating of new loans) is negatively associated with increases in short‐term interest rates. This relationship is more pronounced in regions that are less in sync with the nationwide business cycle, and less pronounced for banks with relatively low capital or during periods of financial distress.
Efficacy of ormeloxifene versus oral contraceptive in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding due to uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Kriplani Alka , Srivastava Astha , Kulshrestha Vidushi , Kachhawa Garima , Agarwal Nutan , Bhatla Neerja , Hari Smriti
Published: September 2016

Aim

To compare ormeloxifene with combined oral contraceptive (COC) in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) due to leiomyoma (AUB‐L).

Methods

Fifty women with AUB‐L were randomized after informed consent and institute ethics clearance. Group I (n = 25) was given ormeloxifene (a SERM i.e. selective estrogen receptor modulator) 60 mg twice per week and group II (n = 25) was given COC (ethinyl estradiol 30 μg with desogestrel 150 μg) on days 1–21 for 6 months. Menstrual blood loss was assessed on pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score and leiomyoma volume was assessed on ultrasound. Fibroids were classified according to FIGO‐PALM‐COEIN classification for AUB where leiomyomas were further sub‐classified as types 0 to 8 according to their location. Follow up was done at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months.

Results

Mean PBAC score reduced by 81% with ormeloxifene (group I) compared with 43.8% for COC (group II). After 6 months, 18 patients (72%) in group I had PBAC score in the non‐menorrhagic range (<100) compared with only two (8%) in group II. In group I, PBAC score in FIGO‐PALM‐COEIN leiomyoma types 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 reduced by 90.2%, 82.5%, 93.3%, 56.4% and 100%, respectively and 14 (56%) developed amenorrhea; compared with reduction of 64%, 27.5%, 25.9% in types 4, 5 and 6, respectively in group II. Dysmenorrhea visual analog scale score decreased in both groups. Mean leiomyoma volume increased in both groups: by 25.7% with ormeloxifene versus 16.9% with COC; only grade 2 leiomyoma in group I reduced by 44%. One patient in group II with grade 2 leiomyoma discontinued treatment at 3 months. Seven patients (28%) developed ovarian cyst in group I with no other major adverse effect in either group.

Conclusion

Ormeloxifene with its convenient twice‐weekly dosage schedule was effective in treating AUB‐L, with 72% of patients responding to 6‐month treatment compared with 8% with COC, even though leiomyoma volume increased insignificantly with both ormeloxifene and COCs.
Excellent analytical and clinical performance of a dry self‐sampling device for human papillomavirus detection in an urban Chinese referral population
Authors: Chen KeWei , Ouyang YiQin , Hillemanns Peter , Jentschke Matthias
Published: September 2016

Aim

To evaluate the analytical and clinical effectiveness of cervicovaginal self‐sampling with a dry sampling device (Evalyn Brush) for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hr‐HPV) testing and detection of cervical disease.

Methods

The study population consisted of 101 patients from a large gynecological outpatient clinic in Shanghai referred for abnormal cervical screening results and 101 women without cervical lesions. Self‐samples obtained in the clinic and physician‐collected cervical specimens (reference) were stored at −20 °C for 16–18 weeks and then transferred to 20 ml of ThinPrep medium and tested for hr‐HPV using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay. All women had a colposcopic examination with a Pap smear and directed or random biopsies.

Results

High risk‐HPV was detected in 92 patients (45.5%) with the self‐collected cervicovaginal specimens and in 93 (46.0%) with the physician‐collected cervical specimens, resulting in an agreement of 97.5% and a Kappa of 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.91–0.99). Among all of the included women, 46 (22.8%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+). Hr‐HPV was found in 43 of these patients (93.5%) with self‐sampling and in 44 (95.7%) with the physician‐collected specimens.

Conclusions

Self‐collected dry cervicovaginal samples transferred to ThinPrep medium and tested for hr‐HPV using a clinically validated polymerase chain reaction assay showed very good agreement with physician‐collected cervical specimens and a very high hr‐HPV positivity rate for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 +.
Indebted Relationships: Child Support Arrears and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement With Children
Authors: Turner Kimberly J. , Waller Maureen R.
Published: September 2016

Low‐income, nonresident fathers owe a disproportionate amount of child support arrears, creating potential challenges for these fathers and their family relationships. This article uses mediation analysis to provide new evidence about how and why child support debt is related to paternal involvement using information from 1,017 nonresident fathers in the Fragile Families Study. Results show that child support arrears are associated with nonresident fathers having significantly less contact with children, being less engaged with them in daily activities, and providing less frequent in‐kind support 9 years after the birth. This negative association between child support debt and father involvement is most strongly and consistently mediated by the quality of the relationship between the biological parents. Although child support policies are designed to facilitate fathers' economic and emotional support, these results suggest that the accruement of child support debt may serve as an important barrier to father involvement.
Hedgehog signal expression in articular cartilage of rat temporomandibular joint and association with adjuvant‐induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Xu Ting , Xu Gaoli , Gu Zhiyuan , Wu Huiling
Published: September 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in hedgehog (Hh) expression and its possible effects on cartilage degeneration in adjuvant‐induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) of rats.

Methods

Forty‐eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and sham control groups. The bilateral TMJs of six rats from each group were harvested at three, seven, 14, and 28 days. Histological changes in condylar cartilage were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, and safranin O staining. The expression of Hh signal‐related proteins including Indian hedgehog (Ihh), patched‐1 (Ptch1), smoothened (Smo), glioma‐associated oncogene homologue1 (Gli1) in cartilage was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), type X collagen, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS‐5) in cartilage was evaluated by Western blot.

Results

The histological analysis showed marked cartilage degeneration in adjuvant‐induced OA groups, including reduced cartilage cellular density, thinner and degraded cartilage, and decreased proteoglycan content in the extracellular matrix. Compared with matched control groups, the expression of Ihh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 in the OA groups was higher in a time‐dependent manner. The protein levels of MMP‐13, type X collagen, and ADAMTS‐5 were substantially increased in OA cartilage compared with those in matched control rats.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the activation of Ihh signaling may be correlated with pathological changes of condylar cartilage in adjuvant‐induced TMJOA.
Glypican‐3 distinguishes aggressive from non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors: a preliminary study
Authors: Mendes Ramon Barreto , Dias Rosane Borges , Figueiredo Andreia Leal , Gurgel Clarissa Araújo , Santana Filho Manoel , Melo Leonardo Araújo , Trierveiler Marília , Cury Patrícia Ramos , Leonardi Rosalia , Dos Santos Jean Nunes
Published: September 2016

Background

Glypican‐3 is a cell surface proteoglycan that is found in embrionary tissues, and there are no studies investigating this protein in odontogenic tumor. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate glypican‐3 in a series of aggressive and non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors.

Methods

Fifty‐nine cases of tumors were divided into aggressive odontogenic tumors (20 solid ameloblastomas, four unicystic ameloblastoma, 28 KOTs including five associated with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome) and non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors (five adenomatoid odontogenic tumors and two calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors) and analyzed for glypican‐3 using immunohistochemistry.

Results

Glypican‐3 was observed in seven solid ameloblastoma and eighteen keratocystic odontogenic tumors including three of the five syndromic cases, but there was no significant difference between syndromic and sporadic cases (P > 0.05; Fisher's exact Test). All cases of unicystic ameloblastoma (n = 4), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (n = 5), and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (n = 2) were negative.

Conclusions

This provided insights into the presence of glypican‐3 in odontogenic tumors. This protein distinguished aggressive from non‐aggressive odontogenic tumors.
Pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated buprenorphine suspension following subcutaneous administration to cats
Authors: Johnson R. J. , Kerr C. L. , Enouri S. S. , Modi P. , Lascelles B. D. X. , del Castillo J. R. E.
Published: September 2016

We investigated the effects of liposome encapsulation at prolonging the systemic exposure of buprenorphine following subcutaneous administration in cats. Seven healthy male cats were dosed intravenously with 0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine solution (STD‐BUP), followed 14 days later by a subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg/kg buprenorphine as a liposomal suspension (SUS‐BUP) containing drug molecules both in liposomes and the suspending vehicle. Buprenorphine time plasma concentration data for both dosing routes were analyzed simultaneously with four compartmental models. Goodness of fit was assessed both graphically and with the Akaike information criterion. The time‐course of intravenous STD‐BUP was biphasic, with a 4.39 h average terminal half‐life. The subcutaneous SUS‐BUP produced plasma buprenorphine concentrations above 0.5 μg/L for more than 96 h, with three distinct peaks in the first 15 h. The model with best fit comprised a central and a peripheral compartment, plus three subcutaneous absorption compartments: one of dissolved drug molecules that were absorbed through a first‐order process, and two of liposome‐encapsulated drug molecules that were transferred to the solution compartment through separate zero‐order processes. Liposomes effectively prolonged the systemic exposure of buprenorphine in cats.
Suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: Maternal and pediatric health outcomes and costs
Authors: Bartick Melissa C. , Schwarz Eleanor Bimla , Green Brittany D. , Jegier Briana J. , Reinhold Arnold G. , Colaizy Tarah T. , Bogen Debra L. , Schaefer Andrew J. , Stuebe Alison M.
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to quantify the excess cases of pediatric and maternal disease, death, and costs attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding rates in the United States. Using the current literature on the associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes for nine pediatric and five maternal diseases, we created Monte Carlo simulations modeling a hypothetical cohort of U.S. women followed from age 15 to age 70 years and their children from birth to age 20 years. We examined disease outcomes using (a) 2012 breastfeeding rates and (b) assuming that 90% of infants were breastfed according to medical recommendations. We measured annual excess cases, deaths, and associated costs, in 2014 dollars, using a 2% discount rate. Annual excess deaths attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding total 3,340 (95% confidence interval [1,886 to 4,785]), 78% of which are maternal due to myocardial infarction (n = 986), breast cancer (n = 838), and diabetes (n = 473). Excess pediatric deaths total 721, mostly due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (n = 492) and necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 190). Medical costs total $3.0 billion, 79% of which are maternal. Costs of premature death total $14.2 billion. The number of women needed to breastfeed as medically recommended to prevent an infant gastrointestinal infection is 0.8; acute otitis media, 3; hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection, 95; maternal hypertension, 55; diabetes, 162; and myocardial infarction, 235. For every 597 women who optimally breastfeed, one maternal or child death is prevented. Policies to increase optimal breastfeeding could result in substantial public health gains. Breastfeeding has a larger impact on women's health than previously appreciated.
A statistical model of the penetrating arterioles and venules in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: El‐Bouri Wahbi K. , Payne Stephen J.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Models of the cerebral microvasculature are required at many different scales in order to understand the effects of microvascular topology on CBF. There are, however, no data‐driven models at the arteriolar/venular scale. In this paper, we develop a data‐driven algorithm based on available data to generate statistically accurate penetrating arterioles and venules.

Methods

A novel order‐based density‐filling algorithm is developed based on the statistical data including bifurcating angles, LDRs, and area ratios. Three thousand simulations are presented, and the results validated against morphological data. These are combined with a previous capillary network in order to calculate full vascular network parameters.

Results

Statistically accurate penetrating trees were successfully generated. All properties provided a good fit to experimental data. The k exponent had a median of 2.5 and an interquartile range of 1.75‐3.7. CBF showed a standard deviation ranging from ±18% to ±34% of the mean, depending on the penetrating vessel diameter.

Conclusions

Small CBF variations indicate that the topology of the penetrating vessels plays only a small part in the large regional variations of CBF seen in the brain. These results open up the possibility of efficient oxygen and blood flow simulations at MRI voxel scales which can be directly validated against MRI data.
Melanosomal melanin pigment in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, evidence for neuronal‐glial origin: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Gupta Rakesh K. , Saran Ravindra K. , Sharma Mehar C. , Srivastava Arvind K. , Garg Lalit
Published: September 2016

We describe a unique case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) in a 19‐year‐old male presenting with the chief complaint of seizures. On radiology, the tumor was located in the temporal lobe. It was cortically based and solid cystic in nature. Light microscopy showed pleomorphic large polygonal cells with inclusions, nuclear clustering, lipidization, and foamy cytoplasm intermingled with spindle cells arranged in sweeping pattern and focally containing cytoplasmic brownish black pigment. The pigment stained black with Fontana‑Masson stain and bleached with potassium permanganate. Gomori silver stain showed reticulin fibers surrounding individual tumor cells as well as groups of cells. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were positive for GFAP, S‐100 and focally for synaptophysin and CD34 but negative for HMB‐45. CD34 revealed a specific membranous pattern around individual cells as well as groups of cells along the fibers replicating a reticulin pattern. The ultrastructural examination showed supporting melanosomes, thus confirming the melanin pigment. Sequencing for BRAF V600E showed a heterozygous mutation. To our knowledge only five cases of PXA with melanin pigment have been reported and none of which described BRAF V600E mutation analysis. This case provides further insight into the origin and pathogenesis of pigmented astrocytic tumor, additionally highlighting the characteristic CD34 staining pattern.
Notes on taxonomy and new taxa of Aspidistra (Ruscaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam
Authors: Averyanov Leonid V. , Tillich H.‐J.
Published: September 2016

One new species of Aspidistra, i.e. A. nutans, and one new variety, i.e. A. tillichiana var. latifolia, recently discovered in Vietnam are described and illustrated. In addition, the rank of species is proposed for A. formosa widely distributed in northern Vietnam but originally described as a variety of A. fungilliformis. Aspidistra subrotata is recorded as a new species for the flora of Laos. Data on ecology, phenology, natural variation, distribution and expected conservation status are provided for these plants.
Exploring hypotheses and rationale for causes of infantile colic
Authors: Camilleri M. , Park S.‐Y. , Scarpato E. , Staiano A.
Published: September 2016

Background

Infantile colic is a frequent problem in neonates and infants. This review addresses current management including the results for nutrient modifications; soy‐based formulas; and prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics.

Purpose

Given the evidence that there is still an unmet clinical need, as current treatments are incompletely efficacious, we have examined the evidence around three hypothetical mechanisms that could potentially be involved in etiopathogenesis of infantile colic: immaturity of bile acid mechanisms that alter intraluminal and absorptive mechanisms, immaturity in motility and alterations in the microbiome. Understanding these potential mechanisms may lead to the introduction of diagnostic procedures that should enhance the selection or individualization of therapy for infantile colic.
Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D
Authors: Bikle Daniel D.
Published: September 2016

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly all, if not all, cells in the body. The enzyme that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D and ligand for VDR, namely CYP27B1, likewise is widely expressed in many cells of the body. These observations indicate that the role of vitamin D is not limited to regulation of bone and mineral homeostasis, as important as that is. Rather, the study of its extraskeletal actions has become the major driving force behind the significant increase in research articles on vitamin D published over the past several decades. A great deal of information has accumulated from cell culture studies, in vivo animal studies, and clinical association studies that confirms that extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are truly widespread and substantial. However, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trials, when done, have by and large not produced the benefits anticipated by the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies. In this review, I will examine the role of vitamin D signaling in a number of extraskeletal tissues and assess the success of translating these findings into treatments of human diseases affecting those extracellular tissues.
The Complexity of the His Bundle: Understanding Its Anatomy and Physiology through the Lens of the Past and the Present
Authors: DANDAMUDI GOPI , VIJAYARAMAN PUGAZHENDHI
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we describe the anatomy and physiology of the His bundle and describe the mechanisms by which permanent His‐bundle pacing can be accomplished.
Typology of Internet gaming disorder and its clinical implications
Authors: Lee Seung‐Yup , Lee Hae Kook , Choo Hyekyung
Published: September 2016

Various perspectives exist regarding Internet gaming disorder. While the concept of behavioral addiction is gaining recognition, some view the phenomenon as merely excessive indulgence in online pastimes. Still, in recent years, complaints from patients or their family members about problems related to Internet use, particularly Internet gaming, have become more common. However, the clinical picture of Internet gaming disorder could be obscured by its heterogeneous manifestations with other intertwined factors, such as psychiatric comorbidities, neurodevelopmental factors, sociocultural factors, and game‐related factors, which may influence the pathogenesis as well as the clinical course. To mitigate such problems, clinicians should be able to consider diverse aspects related to Internet gaming disorder. Classifying such a heterogeneous problem into subtypes that share a similar etiology or phenomenology may provide additional clues in the diagnostic process and allow us to designate available clinical resources for particularly vulnerable factors. In this review paper, we suggest a typology of ‘impulsive/aggressive,’ ‘emotionally vulnerable,’ ‘socially conditioned,’ and ‘not otherwise specified’ as subtypes of the heterogeneous phenomena of pathological Internet gaming. The implications of these subtypes for assessment and treatment planning will also be highlighted.
Disaster‐Related Community Resilience: A Concept Analysis and a Call to Action for Nurses
Authors: Heagele Tara
Published: September 2016

A paucity of nursing literature is available on disaster‐related community resilience. Using a nursing method for analyzing concepts, this article attempts to clarify the meaning of this novel concept to encourage nursing research and practice. This concept analysis provides an introduction to the phenomenon of disaster‐related community resilience for nurses and consumers of nursing research. The article proposes the definition, antecedents, attributes, consequences, and empirical referents of disaster‐related community resilience and provides suggestions for nursing research and practice. It also provides nurses a foundation for participating in resilience‐building activities that may save lives and allow communities to recover more rapidly postdisaster.
Bioluminescent Enzymatic Assay as a Tool for Studying Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Kudryasheva Nadezhda S. , Kovel Ekaterina S. , Sachkova Anna S. , Vorobeva Anna A. , Isakova Viktoriya G. , Churilov Grigoriy N.
Published: September 2016

A bioluminescent assay based on a system of coupled enzymatic reactions catalyzed by bacterial luciferase and NADH:FMN‐oxidoreductase was developed to monitor toxicity and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds. The assay enables studying toxic effects at the level of biomolecules and physicochemical processes, as well as determining the toxicity of general and oxidative types. Toxic and detoxifying effects of bioactive compounds were studied. Fullerenols, perspective pharmaceutical agents, nanosized particles, water‐soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene‐60 derivatives were chosen as bioactive compounds. Two homologous fullerenols with different number and type of substituents, C60O2–4(OH)20–24 and Fe0.5C60(OH) xOy (x + y = 40–42), were used. They suppressed bioluminescent intensity at concentrations >0.01 g L−1 and >0.001 g L−1 for C60O2–4(OH)20‐24 and Fe0.5C60(OH)xOy, respectively; hence, a lower toxicity of C60O2–4(OH)20–24 was demonstrated. Antioxidant activity of fullerenols was studied in model solutions of organic and inorganic oxidizers; changes in toxicities of general and oxidative type were determined; detoxification coefficients were calculated. Fullerenol C60O2–4(OH)20–24 revealed higher antioxidant ability at concentrations 10−17−10−5 g L−1. The difference in the toxicity and antioxidant activity of fullerenols was explained through their electron donor/acceptor properties and different catalytic activity. Principles of bioluminescent enzyme assay application for evaluating the toxic effect and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds were summarized and the procedure steps were described.
PostExcision Events in Human Nucleotide Excision Repair
Authors: Kemp Michael G. , Hu Jinchuan
Published: September 2016

The nucleotide excision repair system removes a wide variety of DNA lesions from the human genome, including photoproducts induced by ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. A defining feature of nucleotide excision repair is its dual incision mechanism, in which two nucleolytic incision events on the damaged strand of DNA at sites bracketing the lesion generate a damage‐containing DNA oligonucleotide and a single‐stranded DNA gap approximately 30 nucleotides in length. Although the early events of nucleotide excision repair, which include lesion recognition and the dual incisions, have been explored in detail and are reasonably well understood, the fate of the single‐stranded DNA gaps and excised oligonucleotide products of repair have not been as extensively examined. In this review, recent findings that address these less‐explored aspects of nucleotide excision repair are discussed and support the concept that postincision gap and excised oligonucleotide processing are critical steps in the cellular response to DNA damage induced by UV light and other environmental carcinogens. Defects in these latter stages of repair lead to cell death and other DNA damage signaling responses and may therefore contribute to a number of human disease states associated with exposure to UV wavelengths of sunlight, including skin cancer, aging and autoimmunity.
Approaches to vaccination against Theileria parva and Theileria annulata
Authors: Nene V. , Morrison W. I.
Published: September 2016

Despite having different cell tropism, the pathogenesis and immunobiology of the diseases caused by Theileria parva and Theileria annulata are remarkably similar. Live vaccines have been available for both parasites for over 40 years, but although they provide strong protection, practical disadvantages have limited their widespread application. Efforts to develop alternative vaccines using defined parasite antigens have focused on the sporozoite and intracellular schizont stages of the parasites. Experimental vaccination studies using viral vectors expressing T. parva schizont antigens and T. parva and T. annulata sporozoite antigens incorporated in adjuvant have, in each case, demonstrated protection against parasite challenge in a proportion of vaccinated animals. Current work is investigating alternative antigen delivery systems in an attempt to improve the levels of protection. The genome architecture and protein‐coding capacity of T. parva and T. annulata are remarkably similar. The major sporozoite surface antigen in both species and most of the schizont antigens are encoded by orthologous genes. The former have been shown to induce species cross‐reactive neutralizing antibodies, and comparison of the schizont antigen orthologues has demonstrated that some of them display high levels of sequence conservation. Hence, advances in development of subunit vaccines against one parasite species are likely to be readily applicable to the other.
On the Same Page? How Asymmetric Buyer–Supplier Relationships Affect Opportunism and Performance
Authors: Villena Verónica H. , Craighead Christopher W.
Published: September 2016

Research on buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs) has often focused on only one side of the relationship and, thus, has tended to overlook asymmetries. Yet, a buyer (supplier) may often deal with a bigger supplier (buyer) or one that has higher levels of trust, respect, and reciprocity. Therefore, we examined how two types of asymmetries—size and relational capital—affect perceived opportunism and performance. We used dyadic data from 106 buyers and their matched suppliers gathered from a survey and an archival database. The results demonstrate that the degree and direction of both asymmetries affect the BSR. Our results also reveal that an imbalance of relational capital in a firm's favor may have the opposite effect from that intended. In other words, the firm's counterpart perceives more, rather than less, firm opportunism. The results also suggest that a buyer observes lower benefits in the presence of size asymmetry, whereas the supplier's perception of benefits is unaffected. Thus, our research represents a significant step forward in understanding BSRs and asymmetries by (i) bringing attention to two key asymmetries inherent in BSRs and (ii) showing that these asymmetries are not unidirectional in their influence on perceived opportunism and performance.