bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Organic and Inorganic Dye to Wood Plastic Composite
Authors: Wang Wei Hong , Zhang Zheng Ming , Wang Qing Wen , Cui Yong Zhi
Published: January 2011

Authors discussed the effect of organic and inorganic dyes on the properties of wood fiber/HDPE (WF/HDPE) composite. Iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron blue, everbright fast red, permanent yellow, and phthalocyanine were used. Test results indicated that organic dyes provided brighter color and higher flexible properties to WF/HDPE composite than inorganic dyes. However, when exposed to UV weathering, WF/HDPE composites with inorganic dyes were more durability than those with organic dyes.
Efficiency and Effects of Chemical Chelants Leaching on Arsenical Gold Mine Pretreatment by Pteris vittata L. in Arsenical Gold Ore
Authors: Jiang Yong Li , Wang Hai Juan , Ning Ping , Wang Hong Bin
Published: January 2011

Using pot experiment, the total arsenic absorbed by Pteris vittata L.from gold roe collected from Guizhou Xingren gold mine was investigated. Arsenic extraction efficiency and effects by five kinds of chelants such as Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-Na2), citric acid (CA), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MAP), Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) and Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were assessed. Absorption of As was measured in the fronds and roots of Pteris vittata L.under pot trial condition in which the tested gold ore powder was leached by the above five chelants with the concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mol•L-1, respectively. The results show that most of the chosen chelants can largely improve the efficiency of arsenic absorption. The leaching efficiency of As in fronds was generally listed in the following order: MAP>EDTA-Na2>CA>NaHCO3>NaHSO3 under the average concentration．With the increase of chelant concentration the As was extracted more and more on MAP and NaHCO3 . The extracting content of As ranged from 5055ug/g to 5974ug/g for EDTA, from3273 ug/g to 4975 ug/g for CA, from 7482 ug/g to 9357 ug/g for MAP and from 3620 ug/g to 5284 ug/g for NaHSO3, from 3401 ug/g to 6378 ug/g for NaHCO3, respectively. The leaching efficiency of As in roots was generally listed in the following order: MAP> NaHCO3>NaHSO3>EDTA-Na2>CA under the average concentration．The extracting content of As ranged from 1862ug/g to 2627ug/g for EDTA, from1494 ug/g to 2347 ug/g for CA, from 2739 ug/g to 3896 ug/g for MAP and from 2064 ug/g to 3373 ug/g for NaHSO3, from 2316 ug/g to 2587 ug/g for NaHCO3, respectively. These results mentioned above show that available As in Guizhou xingren gold mine can be most leached by Pteris vittata L.with the above chelants, especially in MAP treatment. MAP was the best chelants among the four tested chelants, suggesting that it will be useful in chelant-induced phyto-remediation.
Effect of Sludge Loading on the Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification by Using a Sequencing Batch Bioreactor
Authors: Jia Yan Ping , Zhang Lan He , Zhao Zhi Ling , Yang Tao
Published: January 2011

In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat synthetic wastewater when dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and temperature were 0.5-1.0mg/L and 30±1°C, respectively. Effect of sludge loading(Ns) on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was investigated. The results indicated that removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), COD and total nitrogen (TN) were all higher than 90%, respectively, when influent NH4+-N and Ns were 35-45mg/L, 0.15kgCOD/(kgMLSS•d) under 7 hours of aeration time and 1 hour of idle time, respectively. Therefore, the SBR has obviously achieved simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
Effect of Refrigeration on Component of Soy Protein Isolate
Authors: Zhang Guang , Shi Yan Guo , Sun Bing Yu
Published: January 2011

The SPI was applied in food industry widely, but the component which could affect the functionalities and it may change during storage. The effect of store temperature, time, RH and package material on SPI oil absorption were studied, when SPI was packaged in 100% N2 and Al, 80%N2:20%CO2 and Al, 60%N2:40% CO2 and Al, vacuum and Al, white paper/plastic/LDPE, and PE and then stored for 5 months in the conditions of RH55%，4°C. It was shown that the 7S/11S of SPI in all packages not change significantly. But it was observed by SDS-PAGE that the subunit of SPI disaggregated and molecules aggregated. Focus on the sulfhydryln group and disulfide bond; it was found that the content of sulfydryl decreases while disulfide bond increased sharply especially in the later three months.
A Co-Promoted Ni-B Amorphous Nanoalloy Catalyst for Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfural Alcohol
Authors: Du Chang Hai , Zhao Yong , Sun De
Published: January 2011

The Co-promoted Ni-B amorphous nanoalloy catalysts were prepared by the chemical reduction of the aqueous solution containing nickel acetate and cobalt acetate with NaBH4 at room temperature and characterized by BET, XRD and DSC. They were used as catalysts for the liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfural alcohol in alcohol at 353 K under 2.0 MPa of hydrogen. Ni-Co-B catalyst was characterized by XRD as amorphous structure. It was active in the hydrogenation of furfural, and it was significantly more active than Ni-B and Co-B. The optimal Co/ ( Co+Ni ) mole ratio in Ni-Co-B was 0.5.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Fe3O4 Microspheres and Effect of the Precursor Concentration
Authors: Sun De Hui , Sun De Xin , Han Ming Xing
Published: January 2011

In present work, we synthesized monodisperse Fe3O4microsphere using a free-surfactant solvothermal reduction route and investigated effect of the precursor concentration (FeCl3∙6H2O and NaAc) on microsphere sizes under other reaction conditions held constant. The morphologies, structures, and magnetism of the products were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and VSM. The results showed that the Fe3O4 microsphere with a tunable average size range from 120 nm to 300 nm is composed of many Fe3O4collective nanoparticles. Their average diameters increased with increase of precursor FeCl3∙6H2O concentration but decreased with increase of precursor NaAc concentration. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed that the Fe3O4microspheres belong to cubic structure. Magnetic investigation reveals that the Fe3O4microspheres have higher saturation magnetization and negligible coercivity at room temperature.
Health Identification of Water Resources-Ecological-Socioeconomic System of Baiyangdian Wetland
Authors: Xu Xin Yi , Liu Mei , Wang Feng
Published: January 2011

As the largest freshwater lake in north China, Baiyangdian Wetland plays an important role in ecological balance of the north China plain. Besides the high ecological value, Baiyangdian Wetland retains a health development of social economy. According to this special shallow freshwater wetland, based on the concept of coordinated development of resources, environment and social economy, the relativity of water resources subsystem, ecological subsystem and socioeconomic subsystem has been explained in detail, and a hierarchy that has three layers has been built up, and what’s more, the health index (HI) has been calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the water resources-ecological-socioeconomic system of Baiyangdian Wetland was at the status of sub-health even at the high frequency water level (7.9 m). When the water level is higher or lower than 7.9 m, the health condition will be worse. Every subsystem is a chain of the coupling system, whichever of the subsystems changes will affect other chains. Thus, it is necessary to implement management measures according to the coupling mechanism of different subsystems; it can provide theoretic and practical guidance to the coordinated development of ecological balance and social economy of Baiyangdian Wetland.
On the Environmental Compensation Mechanism Based on the Theory of Environmental Capacity Production Factors
Authors: Li Li Jun , Li Yan Li , Zhang Mei Zhen
Published: January 2011

On the basis of clarifying the nature of the environmental compensation, this paper is to discuss the subject of the environmental compensation, including the funds providers, and compensation object. The environmental compensation must be a process that matter and energy transfers from the economic system to the environmental system reciprocally and compensatorily, through the funds providers provide funds, intermediaries take the specific measure for environmental restoration. It will be emphasized that the compensation object should be the environment.
Problems and Countermeasures in the Ecological Protection of Shenyang City
Authors: Cui Bing Bing , Jiang De Zhong
Published: January 2011

The development and advance of city is the sign of human civilization, and the crystal of the mutual development of economy, politics, culture, and ecological environment for one age. In the ecological protection, Shenyang city has not protected and destroyed original public services from the view of cultural ecology. The cause is that Shenyang city lacks in the consciousness to maintain the ecology, which seriously influences the development of Shenyang city and threatens human healthy, and has been an important factor to restrain the sustainable development of the city (Li, 2008). Aiming at this problem, many countermeasures such as establishing the volunteer organization of ecological preservation and keeping feasible density are proposed in this article. With the development of the human society, the environment protection and ecology have been widely applied in various domains of the city. The development of the ecological concept has made the ecological city be one of the hottest topics nowadays. To maintain the city ecological system and build the city ecological figure is not closely related with the adjustment of Shenyang industrial structure, but directly influence the improvement of about seven millions denizens’ habitation condition in Shenyang. Therefore, the research and thinking about the ecological construction and preservation should be widely concerned by the whole society (Li, 2001).
The Nitrogen Variation of Sauce Wastewater with Different Influent COD Concentration
Authors: Zuo Jin Long
Published: January 2011

With rapid development of sauce industry, the production of the sauce is increasing in recent years. The sauce wastewater is doing greater harm to the water environment in China. In order to tackle this problem, the influent COD concentration influence on nitrogen variation of sauce wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the influent COD has a different effect for ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate. When the influent COD concentration was 600mg/L, 500mg and 300mg/L respectively, the effluent ammonia nitrogen was at 4.3mg/L, 1.8mg/L and 1.0mg/L. And the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was more than 90%. Meanwhile the nitrate and nitrite accumulated steadily with the same variation tendency.
Study on Technology of Isolation and Purification of Corn Germ Glutathione with Macroporous Resin
Authors: Xu Li Ping , Wang Xin , Yao Peng Cheng
Published: January 2011

Study on Macroporous resin purified glutathione of corn germ , determine the best conditions for separation and purification as follows: glutathione and resin volume ratio 4:1, flow rate 1 mL / min ,adsorption time 50 min, elution and resin volume ratio of 4:1, analysis time 120 min, recovery rate of glutathione78.95 %.
Effects of Organic Manure on Nitrate Distribution in Greenhouse Soil over Three Continuous Crop Cultivations
Authors: Niu Ming Fen , Zhang Di , Wang Shao Jun , Zhao Mu Qiu
Published: January 2011

An experiment was conducted on a vegetable planting base in Damintun Town, Xinmin City, Liaoning Province to study the influence of different organic manure rate on nitrate distribution in vertical profile in a greenhouse soil over three continuous crop cultivations of cucumbers, beans and lettuces. The soil was treated with organic manure at five treatments. The results showed that the distribution characteristic was closely related with organic manure rate in the process of plant growth. After harvest of the cucumber and lettuce soil nitrate content of all layers was higher than before planting and the accumulation of nitrate was increased with the application rate of organic manure. When applied into the low amount of organic fertilizer (M1 and M2), no significant phenomenon of nitrate accumulation and leaching occurred. High amount of organic manure rate (M4) increased significantly (P<0.05), especially in 0~40cm soil layer. In the lower layer (60~120cm) of soil different degrees of nitrate leaching took place. The vertical distribution of nitrate before planting and harvest of beans showed that catch crops can effectively reduce the accumulation of nitrate in soil.
Backwashing Effect on Stabilization of Immobilized Bacteria on Biological Activated Carbon Filter
Authors: Gao Yu Nan , Fu Jin Xiang , Liu Shui
Published: January 2011

Six dominant microorganisms including four kinds of Pseudomonas and two kinds of Bacillus were isolated from substrate sludge for improving the organic substance removal ability for the biological activated carbon filter (BAC). This paper examines the backwashing effect on the stabilization of these six microorganisms immobilized on the filter. The results showed the backwashing had more impact on bacteria stabilization of BAC filter during start-up period than the stabilization period. The biomass loss was 28.57% during the start-up period more than the stabilization period which biomass loss was 11.76%. The Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Polymerase Chain Reaction amplified 16S rRNA (PCR-DGGE) photos showed that the ecology of the population did not change with the operation. The biomass of dominant microorganism after air-water scour backwashing decreased during the start-up period and retained stability during long term performance.
Synthesis of Sodium Diethylphosphinate by Gas-Liquid Free Radical Addition Reaction under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Han Xin Yu , Yang Li , Han Chang Xiu , Li Li Li , Zhang Bao Gui
Published: January 2011

Under atmospheric pressure, a novel preparation of sodium diethylphosphinate was carried out by free-radical addition reaction of ethylene and sodium hypophosphite on gas-liquid interface. A self-design gas-liquid reactor was used to improve efficiency of the addition reaction , and made the product with purity of 99% obtained only in 6 hours，even no additional purification. The molecular structure of sodium diethylphosphinate was confirmed by FTIR, and31P NMR spectroscopic analysis.
Study of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Effects in SBBR by Microbial Immobilization Technology
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Hao Ying , Yao Jing Bo
Published: January 2011

This study filled polyurethane foam in SBR as micro-organisms immobilized carrier, formed a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). It applies the immobilized microbial technology to SBBR, under the A/O operation mode，we cultivate them in order to study the effect of the technology of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the domestic sewage. The carrier which was used in the SBBR, created aerobic - anoxic - anaerobic micro-environment in space, and appeared a good performance of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). The results show that adding this kind of carriers in SBBR, successfully achieved a goal in the field of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The average removal rates of CODCr, NH4+-N, TN and TP is respectively 84.23%、96.94%、58.40% and 91.38%.
Predicting Protein Interaction Sites Based on a New Integrated Radial Basis Functional Neural Network
Authors: Shen Xiao Li , Chen Yue Hui
Published: January 2011

Interactions among proteins are the basis of various life events. So, it is important to recognize and research protein interaction sites. A control set that contains 149 protein molecules were used here. Then 10 features were extracted and 4 sample sets that contained 9 sliding windows were made according to features. These 4 sample sets were calculated by Radial Basis Functional neutral networks which were optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization respectively. Then 4 groups of results were obtained. Finally, these 4 groups of results were integrated by Genetic Algorithm based Selected Ensemble (GASEN) and better accuracy was got. So, the integrated method was proved to be effective.
Research on the Design of Plant Stalk Packaging Containers
Authors: Zhou Wei
Published: January 2011

Based on sustainable green packaging design, this paper will explore the applicability of design of plant stalk packaging containers and construct the system of packaging shape, structure, materials, and integration of technology. And finite element software is used to make a simulation analysis of packaging containers to improve the design of plant stalk containers, and provide a reference model for the development of forms and structural improvements of packaging containers.
Effect of Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donor on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant System in Needles of Taxus chinensis Var. mairei Seeding
Authors: Li De Wen , Wei Xiao Xue , Yu Jing Hua , Zu Yuan Gang
Published: January 2011

Taxus chinensis var. mairei was used as test material, exogenous nitric oxide (NO) fumigation treatment with different concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mM) of sodium nitrop russide (SNP), a donor for exogenous NO, was used to study the effects of NO on the active oxygen metabolism index of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The results showed that low concentration of exogenous NO treatment increased the activities of the protective enzyme, such as SOD, CAT, POD and APX of Taxus chinensis var. mairei leaves, reduced the content of H2O2, and inhibit the increase of MDA in the first three days. NO fumigation treatment enhanced the antioxidant ability of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, prevented lipid membrane peroxidation.
Experimental Study on Domestic Sewage Treatment by Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Wang Xia , Wu Yong Qiang
Published: January 2011

On the up-flow biological aerated filter to remove COD and NH3-N were studied the effect and contrast in various stages of finding the optimal operating conditions, so as to achieve energy conservation, the purpose of reducing operating costs. Through experiment studied that the variation of air-water ratio, hydraulic loading, organic concentration in the removal of COD and NH3-N effects, observe and analyse the change of COD and NH3-N removal and the characteristics of microorganisms of filter’s different height. The results showed that COD and NH3-N removal are high under the condition of air-water ratio 4:1~5:1, hydraulic loading 1~2 m3/ (m2●h), organic concentration 300~400 mg/L. The concentration of COD and NH3-N of effluent which are treated by biological aerated filter can meet with second degree discharging standards.
Extractive Decontamination of Copper-Polluted Soils Using TCAS
Authors: Zhao Da , Sun Tie Heng , Hu Xiao Jun , Hu Xiao Min
Published: January 2011

Thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (TCAS) was investigated as an extractant for decontaminating copper-polluted soils with elevated total copper (2000mg/kg) from the national field research station of Shenyang agroecosystems. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of copper-polluted soil. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, the ionic strength and temperature on the removal capacities of copper by TCAS reagent had been studied. The results showed that the TCAS reagent was effective for removal of copper from the contaminated soil, the optimum solid-liquid ratio was 1:10 for soil treatment. Adding Ca(NO3)2was of no advantage for copper removal, and the effect of Ca(NO3)2on the removl rate was less when its molarity was less than 0.1mol/L. The optimum temperature of TCAS for soil treatment was 5°C-25°C.
The Isolation and Purification of Sulfur Bacteria Originated from Stockpiling Area of Pyritic Smelting Solidwaste
Authors: Zhang Shao Jian , Li Dong Wei , Li Dou , Liang Zhi Rong
Published: January 2011

It was found that there were some kinds of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the acidic mine water, and these bacteria could promote the dissolution behavior of heavy metals in the mining smelting waste slags. In this paper we collected a bacterium sample form a mining-water of an abandoned pyrite mine in the southwest of China and named it as FJ strain. We isolated and purified the FJ strain by 9K medium, and then made a primary identification of the purified strain. The FJ strain was gram-negative and in the shape of short rod. The strain was chemoautotrophic and aerobic bacterium, and it could oxidize the ferrous ion or the reduced sulfur as energy source to main the metabolism. The optimum growth temperature and pH is 30 °C and 2.0 separately. And we also found the strain had a considerable acid-producing ability and was eosinophilic. After a comparison and analysis, we confirmed that the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated FJ strains were consistent with that of thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T ferroxidans for short. Therefore we drew a conclusion that the FJ strain we purified was just the target strains T ferrooxidans, the isolation-purification of the bacterium sample was successive.
Research for Operation Stability of TUSB Reactor and the Feasibility in Organic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Dong Wei , Gao Xian Ping
Published: January 2011

According to the design concept of UASB reactor with three-phase separator, a suite of self-made TUSB reactor was produced. The operational characteristics of the reactor were tested after the reactor completed start-up, and analyzed the factors that affected the COD removal rate. The results show that, as the load changes rapidly, although there was a short decline on removal efficiency; the system still can adapt to the changes quickly, and return to its original level; the load continually increases, then the removal rate tends to be constant; the same time as the volumetric loading rate increases, the gas yield is on the rise. It is proved that the reactor technology has the resistance to flow and anti-impact load capability; meantime it also shows that the high volumetric loading rate within the two-phase separation can retain the sludge, avoiding UASB sludge wastage washout under high-load operation.
Effect of Hydrolyzed Collagen from Tilapia Scale on Bread Quality
Authors: Han Bing
Published: January 2011

Hydrolyzed collagen prepared from Tilapia scale with Alcalase and Papain after decalcificated in HCl and demineralized in Ca (OH)2. Hydrolyzed collagen with the content of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% was added to the bread to research the sensory valuation, properties and texture of bread. And then the properties of bread during storage were evaluated. Results showed that the addition of collagen peptides improved the water retention of bread, increased bread specific volume and slowed down the staling of bread. Comprehensive comparison, the quality of bread reached optimum with 3% of hydrolyzed collagen.
Study on Degradation of Nitrobenzene in Groundwater by Fenton-Like Oxidation Based on Iron in Aquifer Materials
Authors: Sun Meng , Zhao Yong Sheng , Dong Jun , Dong Li Li
Published: January 2011

Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are regarded as high efficient methods in advanced treatment of nitrobenzene wastewater but both restrained in degradation of nitrobenzene in groundwater because of the low pH condition( less than 4 ) requirement and other problems such as secondary pollution by the irons in contaminated sites. This paper reports a new Fenton-like technology combined irons extraction from aquifer materials which were found in a nitrobenzene contaminated site in China with hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation. The simulate experiments were conducted to investigate the oxidation of nitrobenzene in groundwater by this method under the condition of neutral pH and 8~10°C. The comparison of different extraction agent and production rule of hydroxyl radical were both studied in this research. The results indicated that extraction had hysteresis property because the highest extracting efficiency occurred after 36h. Extraction agent DCB has the highest efficiency, for Fe3+ was 62.92% and Fe2+ was 30.17%. The highest removal efficiency could reach 80.2% while the mole ratio of nitrobenzene to H2O2 was 1:200. Three stages could found in hydroxyl radical generation process, in the first stage hydroxyl radical generated rapidly in 0~30min, then decreased slowly between 30min and 120min, at last the generation tended to be steady after 120h. The results could possess a good potential for application in the treatment of nitrobenzene contaminated groundwater and provide theoretical basis on in-situ chemical remediation technology of nitrobenzene contaminated sites.
Effect of Acclimation Strategy on the Biological Nitrification in the Saline Wastewater
Authors: Li Ling Ling , Yang Bo , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2011

During the process of cultivation of salt-tolerant nitrifying bacteria, the increase in NaCl concentrations was carried out in two different manners. The NaCl concentration in reactor A was increased by increment of 5 g/L, while the NaCl concentration in reactor B was increased by increment of 2.5 g/L. The impacts of NaCl content on the fresh culture and two acclimated cultures were investigated, which focused upon the changes of the specific ammonium oxidation rate (SAOR) and specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR). The results indicated that fresh nitrifiers were severely inhibited by high salinity. At NaCl concentration of 25 g/L, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) completely lost the nitrification capability. After 46 days of acclimation, the nitrifying bacteria could be adapted to the saline wastewater. The average SAOR and SNOR in reactor B were slightly higher than those in reactor A, which meant that low increment in salt concentration may be in favor of the development of salt-tolerant nitrifiers. But the two NaCl increasing approaches did not affect the SAOR and SNOR too much. Salt-tolerant nitrifiers could be well developed with the two acclimation manners.
Accumulation and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Vegetables in Wastewater Irrigation Areas
Authors: Zhao Jun Ying , Jin Xing Long , Shen Zhao Li , Guo Hua Ming
Published: January 2011

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn) were determined in vegetables (radish, tomato, gourd, celery, lettuce, Chinese lettuce, Garland chrysanthemum, rape, Chinese cabbage, Sonchus) from the wastewater irrigation area in Tianjin, China. Cd contents in the edible parts were not significantly different among all vegetables. Zn concentration in the leafy vegetables was the highest of all the heavy metals. The metal contents in the vegetables were compared with the Chinese national standards for food quality. The contaminant index of Cr, Pb, Cd and Zn varied respectively between from11.96 to 22.26, from 5.36 to 14.43, from 0.95 to 15.4 and from 0 to 4.06. Although Cu content of the vegetables except lettuce was lower the permitted standard, the results indicated these vegetables could not be regarded as safety for human consumption.
Biological Effects of Environmental Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Li Gun , Pang Xiao Feng
Published: January 2011

Each of us are exposed to the environmental electromagnetic fields, such as the geomagnetic field, electromagnetic field from power line, and antenna radiation etc. all the time, when the biological tissue exposure in the electromagnetic fields may lead some certain effects, and many effects are studied during the past few years, most of these studies concentrated on negative effects of electromagnetic fields. It is necessary to explore effects of these environmental electromagnetic fields on human body comprehensively, some effects of environmental electromagnetic fields are studied theoretically in the following paper, and attenuate characteristics of several environmental electromagnetic fields propagate in human body is discussed. The theoretical results expressed the penetration depth of several environmental electromagnetic fields, and the possible effects of long term effects are analyzed.
Bioavailability of Phenanthrene to Earthworms in Four Typical Soils of China
Authors: Huang Qing , Gao Xin , Gui Ming Ying , Cui Xiao Yan , Tian Wen Jie
Published: January 2011

Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has an impact on its bioremediation and environmental risk assessment. Bioavailability was affected by contaminated time, soil properties and pollutant properties. In this study, the effect of soil properties on bioavailability of phenanthrene (Phe) to earthworm was investigated. The results showed that the bioavailability to earthworm varied with soil properties. Regression analysis results showed that bioavailability of PAHs had a negative correlation with soil organic matter content, clay and cation exchange capacity (CEC) and positive correlation with pH. Conclusions of the study can be used for references to remediate the PAHs contaminated site.
The New Hydrogenogen and its Industrial Application in Molasses Fermentation System
Authors: Zhang Jing Wei , Han Wei , Yang Jian Yu , Wang Zhan Qing , Zhang Yong Juan , Li Yong Feng
Published: January 2011

The important premise for hydrogen production technology of fermentation generator was to separate and identify the efficient hydrogen producing bacteria. By use of Hungater technology and flat-panel technology with wide-body narrow-neck flask, LM-1 and HPB-LR medium to separate and identify the anaerobic fermentation hydrogen production bacteria, and five hydrogen-producing bacteria were obtained, whose hydrogen metabolism was ethanol fermentation. The product analysis on the hydrogen production bacteria fermentation liquid showed that ethanol and acetic acid accounted for 95%-99% of the total metabolites. These strains can be fermented to produce hydrogen, and can be used for industrial applications.
Control of Start-up and Operation in Continuous Fermentation of Bio-Hydrogen Production Reactor
Authors: Qin Zhi , Qin Dan , Li Dan
Published: January 2011

Bio-hydrogen production from diluted molasses by anaerobic activated sludge was investigated in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) under condition of continuous flow in this study. Research shows that the reactor started up under the condition of influent COD concentration 3000mg/L, HRT8h, pH6.5~7.5 and (35±1) °C. The process performed steadily and a dominant butyric acid and acetic acid type fermentation population was established, acetic acid and butyric acid accounted for about 80% in the liquid fermentation products. The effluent PH value was maintained about 5.0. The biogas yield could reach at 4.87L/d while hydrogen yield reached 41.25mL/d under the condition. When influent COD concentration rose to 5500 mg/L, the biogas yield and hydrogen yield as high as 9.45L/d and 119.98mL/d were obtained.
Mn Forms and Environmental Impact of Electrolytic Manganese Residue
Authors: Xu Long Jun , Wang Xing Min , Chen Hong Chong , Liu Cheng Lun
Published: January 2011

Mn Forms and the effect on environment of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) in Chongqing have been investigated through water extracting and sulpharic acid leaching. The ways of comprehensive utilization on EMR has been discussed in this research. The results show that the forms of Mn in EMR are chiefly water soluble Mn (II), the manganese carbonate and manganese dioxide. The groundwater pollution and the eco-environment damage will present if the EMR is randomly stacked and thrown. Having appropriate methods, the EMR may be used as recovery manganese (e.g. manganese sulfate and producing Fe-Mn bimetal oxide). The second residue from EMR can prepare water disposal agent.
Removal of Nickel Ions from Dilute Heavy Metal Solutions by Electrodeionization Process
Authors: Lu Hui Xia , Wang Jian You , Bu Shao Feng , Zhang Min Qing , Zhang Jun Bao
Published: January 2011

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of properties of ion exchange membrane on separation performance of electrodeionization (EDI) process for removal of nickel ions from dilute heavy metal solutions. It was shown that the properties of ion exchange membrane had a significant effect on removal of nickel ions. With feed water containing nickel ions at the concentration of 55mg•L-1, the nickel ions concentration of dilute stream was lower than 0.5mg•L-1and the nickel rejection was greater than 99% when using EDI membranes, while that was in the range of 2.48-3.55mg•L-1with conventional heterogeneous ion exchange membranes. With optimum ion exchange material and operating conditions, EDI would be a very interesting and innovative technology for the treatment of dilute heavy metal solutions.
Constructed Wetland Series Process for Pretreatment Raw Water of Drinking Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Yang Xu , Shi Wen Xin , Li Wen Zhe , Wan Lu He , Yan Xiao Ju , Wang Ji Fu , Yu Shui Li
Published: January 2011

In order to investigate the feasibility of pre-treatment of drinking water treatment plant by the constructed wetland and provide the operation parameters for a full scale constructed wetland to improve the quality of raw water. The constructed wetland series process was used to pre-treat influent water of drinking water treatment plant based on raw water of the Song hua jiang River. The results showed that when the influent flux was 1m3/d, the average removal rates of Turbidity, COD, TN and NH4+-N in the constructed wetland system were 94.27%, 56.77%, 2.37% and 55.65% , respectively. The wetland system has high treatment effect and run stably in the pretreatment process of the raw water. This system could lighten the load of the conventional water treatment processes effectively.
Analysis on Biohealth Function of Black Modified Bamboo Biomass by TD-GC-MS
Authors: Zhang Zhong Feng , Zhou Xian Yan , Ma Qing Zhi
Published: January 2011

Black bamboo, who was considered to have biohealth function in folk, is becoming a major biomass in rooms. Therefore, the chemical components from black bamboo were identified by TD-GC/MS at different temperature. The main components of black bamboo biomass at 300°С were butanal(13.29%) , 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (8.80%) , ethene, (2-methoxyethoxy)-( 8.68%), acetic acid, anhydride with formic acid(7.21%) , furfural(6.90%) , 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy-(6.29%), phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-(5.67%), etc. And the main components at 320°С were acetic acid(20.87%), benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-(10.96%) , 1,3-propanediamine, n-methyl-(8.72%), phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-(5.87%), 2-furanmethanol(5.26%), etc. Black bamboo biomass was more healthy to human at 300°С than 320°С. So black bamboo biomass was biohealth function.
Investigations, Analysis and Study on Biogas Utilization in Cold Region of North China
Authors: Guo Liang , Shi Yue , Zhang Peng , Wu Lan , Gai Guo Sheng , Wang Hao , Xiao Dong Lei
Published: January 2011

Bio-methanation system was mature and has been widely utilized in South China, while hard to apply in the north. This paper aims to learn about the current situation of biogas utilization in North China, and develop the integrative biological reactor (IBR) which could make anaerobic fermentation well utilized in North China. Information was obtained via on-the-spot investigation and questionnaire survey (300 sent out, 247 effective). Through comparative analyses of the conditions, conclusions were made as follows: device’s disfunction, high cost, lack of understanding and short of materials were the main cause of the low biogas penetration rate. Experiments were made and corresponding solutions were obtained. The IBR was the integration of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. Obtained from the test, when kitchen waste was used as substrate, the most suitable Volume Load Rate (VLR) for methane production was 6~8 kgCOD/(m3•d), the highest gas production rate was about 1.5~2.4L/d. And for the hydrogen production, the maximum of hydrogen production reached at 6L/d when the VLR stabilized at 15~20kgCOD/(m3d).
Techniques of Quickly Breaking Seed Dormancy of Tilia amurensis
Authors: Na Shou Hai , Wang Hai Nan , Shen Hai Long , Yang Li Xue
Published: January 2011

This paper proposed an orthogonal design L27(313) with four factors(seeds shucked off pericarp, dipped in water, GA3 treatment, 6-BA treatment and stratification)and three levels based on the dormancy of Tilia amurensis seed. The optimal way for quikly breaking seed dormancy was obtained. That was: 1)shucking off the pericarp; 2)scalding seeds for 2s with 100°C boiling water, then soaking in room temperature water for 24h; 3)soaking in 100 mg•L-1 GA3 and 6-BA solution, respectively for 24h; 4)stratification in varying temperature (10-15°C)for 5d, then in low temperature(0-5°C)for 15d. The germination rate of T. amurensis seed could get to 70.2% by above treatment and germination time was shortened to 30 days which was greatly improved compared to previous study.
Pilot Studies on Cloth Media Filter Applied in WWTP for the Treatment of Secondary Effluent
Authors: Sun Shi Quan , Bi Li Jun , Xu Ping Ping , Jiang Chang Bo , Tan Wan Chun , Wu Fang Tong , Nie Xiao Bao
Published: January 2011

Cloth media filter was applied in the treatment of the effluent of a municipal wastewater plant through pilot scale test for water reuse. Ferric chloride (FeCl3), PAFC and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were employed as coagulants respectively to carry out the test. The average removal efficiency of TP and CODCr was 28.76% and 8% after cloth media filter without coagulation, and TP removal was influenced by the influent water quality. However, precoagulation with coagulants of ferric chloride, PAFC, PAC, the average removal efficiency of TP was 63.58%, 60.13%, 66.94% respectively, and no influence of TP removal can be found by the influent water quality. The average removal efficiency of CODCr was increased to 17.7%、26.3% and 27.7%，SS was 70.7%、64.3% and 49.1%. TN and NH3-N were removed unstably after cloth media filter.
Effects of Bacillus Subtilis and Yeast Culture for Feed Intakeand Milk Production
Authors: Zhao Jun , Qin Jane Yu Xia
Published: January 2011

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of mixture of Bacillus subtilis and yeast culture market named Chusuyi(XSY) added into dairy diet on intake and milk production. The results indicated that the milk production and feed intake was higher among experimental groups than that of control groups. The dry matter, fat protein and milk sugar content in every milk samples is higher but no statistical significant. The economic return of experimental group was higher than that of control group.
The Degradation Efficiency Study of Coke-Wastewater Bacteria by the Exogenous Substrates
Authors: Li Ping , Li Hong Gang , Zhang Ling , Ma Fang
Published: January 2011

The coke-wastewater contained all the pollutants which are the aromatic compounds and heterocyclic compounds with benzene ring. Under the normal conditions, it is difficult to obtain good results. By the microbial metabolism of the theory , it is easy to microbial degradation. The use of the primary matrix improves the degradation rate of organic matter .we studied some co-metabolism of carbon and nitrogen sources which affect the bacteria in the degradation of coke-wastewater to remove ammonia and COD. At the same kind of reaction conditions, the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen increase the maximum extent by the addition of glucose and NaNO2. Alkaline substances promote the degradation efficiency.
Distribution and Numerical Prediction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Atmospheric Particles in Jinan, China
Authors: Cui Zhao Jie , Xu Hong Yu , Du Shi Yong
Published: January 2011

16 EPA-priority PAHs on ambient airborne particles with different diameters were measured at 7 urban sites in Jinan during heating and non-heating periods to characterize their distribution and pollution levels. The concentrations of 16 particulate PAHs were between 7.56 and 800 ng•m−3 with an average of 308 ng•m−3. PAHs on atmospheric particles were dominated by 4- to 6-ring components and exhibited pronounced spatial distribution, temporal variation and size distribution. The emission strength and meteorological conditions were the most important factors affecting these trends. Furthermore, a numerical prediction model was proposed to forecast and prevent PAHs air pollution in Jinan. The coincidence between predicted and measured concentrations of PAHs demonstrated the good capability of this prediction model system.
Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Different Color Forms within Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Based on Sequences of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Yao Da Bin , Chi De Fu , Wu Qing Yu , Li Xiao Can , Yu Jia
Published: January 2011

The high level phylogenetic relationships within Harmonia. axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was investigated based on nucleotide data from two molecular markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA), along with those of four species obtained from GenBank, including Adalia bipunctata, Calvia quatuordecimguttata, Coccinella septempunctata, Propylea quattuordecimpunctata as outgroup taxa to construct NJ (Neighbor Joining), MP (Maximum Parsimony) and Bayesian trees using Mega 4.0, PAUP (Version 4.0 b10) and Mrbayes (version 3.1.2) software packages. Nucleotides composition, pairwise distances, ratio of transition / transversion, considerable variable sites of those segments were analyzed. The results from phylogenetic trees indicated that H .axyridis var. spectabilis Fald. and H. axyridis ab. lunata Hem. had very close relationships. H. axyrisdis ab.½123456789-undevigintisignata Fald. and H. axyridis ab. succinea Hope. were closely related. H. axyridis var. axyridis Pallas. was an original group, and it had derived to be a independent forma earlier than the other 11 formas within H. axyridis according to the molecular phylogeny analyzing results. Previous hypotheses on the evolution of different color forms of H. axyridis Pallas based on morphological data was supported by our molecular systematic analyzing results.
Isolation and Characterization of Laccase Activity in a Novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LC02
Authors: Pan Jun Bo , Zhao Min , Lu Lei , Du Mei Hui , Li Guo Fu , Li Jun , Wang Tian Nv , Tang Xiao Liang
Published: January 2011

Bacterial strains exhibiting laccase activity were isolated from the forest soil. A strain LC02 with syringaldazine oxidation ability was obtained using enrichment medium supplemented with copper ions. The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using physiological and biochemical tests as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The characterization of spore laccase activity was investigated. The result showed that the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme was 6.6 and 70°C, respectively. A great thermostability was observed for the spore laccase at 70°C. Laccase activity was strongly inhibited by 0.1 mmol/L NaN3, dithiothreitol and cysteine.
Study on the Influence Factors of the Improved A2/O Process Used in Swine Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Niu Ming Fen , Liu Zhi Yuan , Li Zhuo Ping , Zhou Dong Xu
Published: January 2011

An experiment of treating anaerobic fermented hogpen sewage by improved A2/O reactor was carried out to study the influence factors affect the pollution mater reducing rate during the course of combine domestication. After anaerobic fermented cultivation course of hogpen sewage by A2/O technics, thought the treatment system’s parameters included hydraulics reside time (HRT), deliquescent oxygen (DO), and reflux ration of nitrate solution (r) to study the system’s treatment effect. The experiment results indicated that the improved A2/O process starts with a smooth flow mode, the effluent COD, NH3-N removal were steady at about 90%, TN removal rate of up to 60% of available, TP removal rate of 85%, according to the test results, taking into account the energy consumption problem, the best conditions for the system: DO= 3 mg / L, HRT =24 h, nitration liquid reflux ratio 3.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Chlorophyll a and its Relationship with other Water Quality Factors in the Tai Lake
Authors: Liu Xing Cai , Xu Zong Xue , Wang Guo Qiang
Published: January 2011

Algae bloom in the Tai Lake is a major issue and affects the water supply to the surrounding cities greatly. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) is a common indicator that represent the trophic status in lakes. Spatial and temporal variations of Chl-a concentration are analyzed on the basis of sample data at 21 sites during the period of 2001 to 2005. Data at the sites located in the Meiliang Bay, Zhushan and Wulihu show greater fluctuations than that at other sites. A general trend showing that high values in northern part and low values in southern part of the Tai Lake is observed in seasonal mean values of Chl-a concentration for four seasons. Most high Chl-a concentrations occurred in summer (June to August) and autumn (September to November). Quantitative relationships between Chl-a and other water quality factors are investigated at all sites. Relative good relationships are obtained between Chl-a concentration and other water quality factors during 2001 to 2004 by using partial least squared regression. Prediction of Chl-a concentration in 2005 with above models produce worse results, which may be due to the occurrence of some extreme high values of Chl-a concentration in that year. Even though, acceptable predictions are obtained at several sites. Since the water quality in the lake is affected greatly by the inflow of nutrients from rivers, these relationships will be helpful for monitoring Chl-a variation with the combination of hydrological models that is able to simulate the inflow of nutrients.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Orange Juice Using Pulsed Light(PL): Effect of Process Parameters and Physical Property
Authors: Ma Feng Ming , Li Pu , Li Wen Zhu , Dong Yu , Chen Yu Lei
Published: January 2011

This work studies the effect of imput voltage, number of pulsed,juice thickness, total soluble solids and suspended pulp on the inactivation of E. coli inoculated in an orange juice. The levels of microbial reduction was a direct correlation with the imput voltage and number of pulsed,a negative correlation with the juice thickness and the suspended pulp. In orange juice E. coli decreased by 2.3 log and 1.6 log after number of pulsed of 256 or 64,imput voltage of 4kV,respectively. These results indicate that this PL device could be used to improve microbial safety of orange juice.
Degradation of Plant Cellulose by Microwave-Catalysis Coupling Technology
Authors: Ma Li Guo , Sun De , He Ling , Du Chang Hai
Published: January 2011

The degradation reaction of cellulose under the condition of microwave irradiation in an acidic aqueous medium including H2O2 has been investigated. The main factors, the solution acidity, reaction temperature and time, can have an effect on the cellulose degradation. The cellulose oxidative degradable polymerization was associated mainly with the action of releasing from H2O2. The scheme reflecting the main pathways of cellulose degradation in the reaction system of HCl/ H2O2 is proposed. A comparative study was investigated to evaluate the effects of microwave and conventional heating on cellulose degradation.
Study on Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Using an Integrated A/O Trickling Filter
Authors: Kuang Ying , Dong Qi Rong , Wang He Li
Published: January 2011

Two columns were experimented to compare trickling filter with integrated A/O trickling filter (IA/OTT) in this study. Denitrification and phosphorus removal were limited in traditional trickling filter. By designing anoxic section, adding carbon source and recycling outflow, denitrification was enhanced in IA/OTT. Meanwhile, chemical-biological methods were used to improve the phosphorus removal. It was shown that removal efficiency of CODcr, NH3-N, TN and TP were ideal. Compared with the traditional trickling filter, especially, the removal efficiency of TN and TP were respectively about 35% and 50% higher.