bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assembly of glycoamino acid building blocks: a new strategy for the straightforward synthesis of heparan sulfate mimics
Authors: Revuelta Julia , Fuentes Roberto , Lagartera Laura , Hernáiz María José , Bastida Agatha , García-Junceda Eduardo , Fernández-Mayoralas Alfonso
Published: November 2018

We report on a new class of linear heparan sulfate mimics prepared by the assembly of glycoaminoacid building blocks.
J-Aggregate squaraine nanoparticles with bright NIR-II fluorescence for imaging guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Wu Qi , Sun Xiaoli , Miao Han , Deng Weixing , Zhang Wansu , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: November 2018

J-aggregate nanoparticles (SQP-NPs(J)) were prepared for bright NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided photothermal therapy of cancer.
Atmospheric chemistry of iodine anions: elementary reactions of I−, IO−, and IO2− with ozone studied in the gas-phase at 300 K using an ion trap
Authors: Teiwes Ricky , Elm Jonas , Handrup Karsten , Jensen Ellen P. , Bilde Merete , Pedersen Henrik B.
Published: November 2018

Using a radio-frequency ion trap to study ion–molecule reactions under isolated conditions, we report a direct experimental determination of reaction rate constants for the sequential oxidation of iodine anions by ozone at room temperature (300 K).
The effect of N-methylation on the conformational landscape of alanine: the case of N-methyl-l-alanine
Authors: Neeman E. M. , León I. , Alonso E. R. , Kolesniková L. , Mata S. , Alonso J. L.
Published: November 2018

The non-proteinogenic amino acid N-methyl-l-alanine has been brought into the gas phase using laser ablation techniques and studied by high resolution chirped pulse and molecular-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometers coupled to supersonic expansion.
Correction: Reactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dimerization drives soot nucleation
Authors: Kholghy M. R. , Kelesidis G. A. , Pratsinis S. E.
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Reactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dimerization drives soot nucleation’ by M. R. Kholghy et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 10926–10938.
Phosphane tuning in heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+complexes for light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Brunner Fabian , Babaei Azin , Pertegás Antonio , Junquera-Hernández José M. , Prescimone Alessandro , Constable Edwin C. , Bolink Henk J. , Sessolo Michele , Ortí Enrique , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: November 2018

The effects on photo-and electroluminescent properties of structurally modifying the bisphosphane in [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+complexes (N^N = bpy, 6-Mebpy, 6,6′-Me2bpy) are described.
Alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with carbon dioxide by a reusable heterobimetallic ruthenium–cobalt catalytic system
Authors: Zhang Xuehua , Shen Chaoren , Xia Chungu , Tian Xinxin , He Lin
Published: November 2018

The heterobimetallic ruthenium–cobalt catalytic system exhibited good catalytic performance and reusability in the reductive alkoxycarbonylation of olefins with CO2.
A visual electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer/surface plasmon coupled electrochemiluminescence nanosensor for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli detection
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Xueqian , Wang Mengke , Ma Qiang
Published: November 2018

A BN QDs-based ECL biosensor was established for the rapid detection of STEC in human blood, showing excellent selectivity, stability and high sensitivity.
Development of sulfide reference materials for in situ platinum group elements and S–Pb isotope analyses by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS
Authors: Feng Yantong , Zhang Wen , Hu Zhaochu , Liu Yongsheng , Chen Kang , Fu Jiali , Xie Junyi , Shi Quanhui
Published: November 2018

A new synthetic method has been used to prepare sulfide reference materials for the in situ analysis of PGEs and S–Pb isotopes. The results indicate that the hydrothermal synthesis of the nanoparticles can serve as a potentially effective approach for the preparation of microanalysis reference materials.
Surface-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy utilizing metallic target for direct analysis of particle flow
Authors: Yu Ziyu , Yao Shunchun , Zhang Lifeng , Lu Zhimin , Lie Zener Sukra , Lu Jidong
Published: November 2018

Signal enhancement scheme for direct analysis of particle flow utilizing metallic target in SENLIBS method.
An ultra-thin highly flexible microfluidic device for blood oxygenation
Authors: Dabaghi Mohammadhossein , Saraei Neda , Fusch Gerhard , Rochow Niels , Brash John L. , Fusch Christoph , Selvaganapathy P. Ravi
Published: November 2018

Flexible and compact oxygenators that can serve as an artificial placenta to meet the oxygenation needs of neonates.
Investigation of a gold quantum dot/plasmonic gold nanoparticle system for improvement of organic solar cells
Authors: Phetsang Sopit , Phengdaam Apichat , Lertvachirapaiboon Chutiparn , Ishikawa Ryousuke , Shinbo Kazunari , Kato Keizo , Mungkornasawakul Pitchaya , Ounnunkad Kontad , Baba Akira
Published: November 2018

The performance of organic solar cells was improved by the effect of a synergistic gold quantum dot/plasmonic gold nanoparticle system.
Dy-DOTA integrated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as promising ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Yu , Pellico Juan , Khrapitchev Alexandr A. , Sibson Nicola R. , Davis Jason J.
Published: November 2018

Integrating Dy-DOTA motifs into mesoporous silica nanoparticle scaffolds significantly amplifies the ultrahigh field T2 relaxivity via a Curie outer-sphere mechanism.
Strain-controlled high harmonic generation with Dirac fermions in silicene
Authors: Qin Rui , Chen Zi-Yu
Published: November 2018

Enhancement of high harmonic generation in silicene up to an order of magnitude via mechanical engineering.
Acid-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of S–S and Se–Se bonds with DEAD: efficient access to sulfides and selenides
Authors: An Rui , Liao Lihao , Liu Xiang , Song Shuqin , Zhao Xiaodan
Published: November 2018

An acid/DEAD system for oxidative cleavage of S–S and Se–Se bonds to generate chalcogenium ions has been developed. These ions could be captured by nucleophile-tethered alkenes and nucleophilic aryl reagents such as arylboronic acids and arenes to give chalcogenides.
Hot-electron effects during reactive scattering of H2 from Ag(111): the interplay between mode-specific electronic friction and the potential energy landscape
Authors: Zhang Yaolong , Maurer Reinhard J. , Guo Hua , Jiang Bin
Published: November 2018

Interplay between mode specific electronic friction and surface corrugation determines hot electron effects in H2 scattering on Ag(111).
A garnet structure-based all-solid-state Li battery without interface modification: resolving incompatibility issues on positive electrodes
Authors: Tsai Chih-Long , Ma Qianli , Dellen Christian , Lobe Sandra , Vondahlen Frank , Windmüller Anna , Grüner Daniel , Zheng Hao , Uhlenbruck Sven , Finsterbusch Martin , Tietz Frank , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina , Buchkremer Hans Peter , Guillon Olivier
Published: November 2018

Bulk-type SSLB based on LLZ:Ta achieves high specific areal capacity and operational current densities.
The kinetic characteristics of human and trypanosomatid phosphofructokinases for the reverse reaction
Authors: Fernandes Peter M. , Kinkead James , McNae Iain W. , Bringaud Frédéric , Michels Paul A.M. , Walkinshaw Malcolm D.
Published: November 2018

Eukaryotic ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases (PFKs) are often considered unidirectional enzymes catalysing the transfer of a phospho moiety from ATP to fructose 6-phosphate to produce ADP and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The reverse reaction is not generally considered to occur under normal conditions and has never been demonstrated for any eukaryotic ATP-dependent PFKs, though it does occur in inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent PFKs and has been experimentally shown for bacterial ATP-dependent PFKs. The evidence is provided via two orthogonal assays that all three human PFK isoforms can catalyse the reverse reaction in vitro, allowing determination of kinetic properties. Additionally, the reverse reaction was shown possible for PFKs from three clinically important trypanosomatids; these enzymes are contained within glycosomes in vivo. This compartmentalisation may facilitate reversal, given the potential for trypanosomatids to have an altered ATP/ADP ratio in glycosomes compared with the cytosol. The kinetic properties of each trypanosomatid PFK were determined, including the response to natural and artificial modulators of enzyme activity. The possible physiological relevance of the reverse reaction in trypanosomatid and human PFKs is discussed.
Specificity and mechanism of carbohydrate demethylation by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
Authors: Robb Craig S. , Reisky Lukas , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik
Published: November 2018

Degradation of carbohydrates by bacteria represents a key step in energy metabolism that can be inhibited by methylated sugars. Removal of methyl groups, which is critical for further processing, poses a biocatalytic challenge because enzymes need to overcome a high energy barrier. Our structural and computational analysis revealed how a member of the cytochrome P450 family evolved to oxidize a carbohydrate ligand. Using structural biology, we ascertained the molecular determinants of substrate specificity and revealed a highly specialized active site complementary to the substrate chemistry. Invariance of the residues involved in substrate recognition across the subfamily suggests that they are critical for enzyme function and when mutated, the enzyme lost substrate recognition. The structure of a carbohydrate-active P450 adds mechanistic insight into monooxygenase action on a methylated monosaccharide and reveals the broad conservation of the active site machinery across the subfamily.
Layer thickness estimation of 3D printed model for digital multimedia forensics
Authors: Hou J.‐U. , Lee H.‐K.
Published: November 2018

Layer thickness is the major parameter of the 3D printing process that should be investigated for digital forensic purposes. However, despite its importance, there have been no studies yet on this parameter of layer‐manufactured models. This Letter focuses on an effective estimation of layer thickness parameters for layer‐manufactured models. Based on the analysis results of the scanned 3D model, the proposed method provides a new solution for estimating the layer thickness. Regarding potential applications including multimedia forensics, the proposed estimator would be useful in a variety of fields.
Low‐complexity unidirectional systolic Dickson basis multiplier for lightweight cryptosystems
Authors: Chiou C.W. , Sun Y.‐S. , Lee C.‐M. , Liou J.‐Y.
Published: November 2018

Finite field multiplier is a very important operation for realising elliptic curve cryptography. Dickson basis is a recently developed basis for representing finite elements in GF(2m). This study will propose a unidirectional systolic multiplier for such Dickson basis. The unidirectional systolic structure offers low space and time complexities and can be easily modified to have error detection capability which can resist side‐channel attacks.
5 GHz laterally‐excited bulk‐wave resonators (XBARs) based on thin platelets of lithium niobate
Authors: Plessky V. , Yandrapalli S. , Turner P.J. , Villanueva L.G. , Koskela J. , Hammond R.B.
Published: November 2018

In a free‐standing 400‐nm‐thick platelet of crystalline ZY‐LiNbO3, narrow electrodes (500 nm) placed periodically with a pitch of a few microns can eXcite standing shear‐wave bulk acoustic resonances (XBARs), by utilising lateral electric fields oriented parallel to the crystalline Y‐axis and parallel to the plane of the platelet. The resonance frequency of ∼4800 MHz is determined mainly by the platelet thickness and only weakly depends on the electrode width and the pitch. Simulations show quality‐factors (Q) at resonance and anti‐resonance higher than 1000. Measurements of the first fabricated devices show a resonance Q‐factor ∼300, strong piezoelectric coupling ∼25%, (indicated by the large Resonance‐antiResonance frequency spacing, ∼11%) and an impedance at resonance of a few ohms. The static capacitance of the devices, corresponds to the imaginary part of the impedance ∼100 Ω. This device opens the possibility for the development of low‐loss, wide band, RF filters in the 3–6 GHz range for 4th and 5th generation (4G/5G) mobile phones. XBARs can be produced using standard optical photolithography and MEMS processes. The 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th harmonics were observed, up to 38 GHz, and are also promising for high frequency filter design.
Effect of atmospheric absorption on millimetre wave frequencies for 5G cellular networks
Authors: Banday Yusra , Mohammad Rather Ghulam , Begh Gh. Rasool
Published: November 2018

Wireless Communication technologies are growing rapidly to meet increasing demands of users. This creates overhead in existing wireless systems. This manifests in the continuous development of wireless systems to keep pace with the increasing capacity demand. Increase in the number of users increases congestion in cellular bands, hence Extremely High Frequency (EHF) bands such as mmWave are attracting growing attention for use in cellular networks. Millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands can support multi‐Gigabit rates for large bandwidth applications in Next generation networks. These bands have certain limitations like, these cannot travel long distances and cannot penetrate buildings and other objects. These limitations can be advantageously exploited to provide more secure communication and permit high‐frequency reuse. This will facilitate efficient spectrum utilization and support design of densely packed networks. This paper reviews the propagation characteristics of mmWaves and effect of external factors like atmospheric gases, rain, foliage, and diffraction. Our main focus will be to study the effect of these factors on the propagation of mmWave frequencies to be used for 5G cellular networks. We evaluate the losses due to atmospheric gases, rain and foliage at 28, 30 and 60 GHz frequencies which are supposed to be used in 5G cellular networks.
Optimising total entry delay at roundabouts with unbalanced flow: a dynamic strategy for smart metering
Authors: Duan Yuzhou , Qu Xiaobo , Easa Said , Yan Yadan
Published: November 2018

Modern roundabouts are widely used at intersections with light traffic, generally providing safety and other advantages. However, large entry delays are often observed at roundabouts with unbalanced flow patterns, even though the entry traffic flow is not high. A metering signal‐based strategy is examined to mitigate the above problems. A mathematical optimisation model is formulated firstly with the objective of minimising the total entry delay, subject to the metering signal thresholds. Then a solution algorithm based on VISSIM simulation is developed. Finally, a case study is carried out to testify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed model. Extended scenarios analyses under different levels of approach volume, different demand combinations and different proportions of right‐turn vehicles (left‐side driving) are also conducted. Results show that the methodology can effectively improve the operational performance, and a delay reduction of up to 25.7% can be expected using the metering signal‐based strategy. This can provide a criterion for the use of metering at the roundabout.
Single‐phase cascaded multilevel inverter topology addressed with the problem of unequal photovoltaic power distribution in isolated dc links
Authors: Sharma Bhupender , Nakka Jayaram
Published: November 2018

This study presents a control scheme for a grid‐connected cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) based solar energy conversion system (SECS) addressing the problem of distinct temperature and irradiations which raise to partial shading and panel mismatch conditions in large‐scale photovoltaic (PV) generation. Along with feasibility in high‐voltage system, the major advantage of isolated dc links in CHBMLI suffers the distinct dc‐link voltage conditions when employed as a pulse‐width modulated (PWM) converter governing either unequal dc loads or dc sources due to variable power consumption or generation, respectively. The proposed control scheme has the ability of balancing the dc‐link capacitors in each H‐bridge cell of CHBMLI adopted for this system and during the above‐said power generation mismatch conditions in SECS. The proposed system along with maximum and efficient energy conversion, the power quality in the grid‐side voltage and injected currents is also monitored and maintained as per standards. In addition, the modelling analysis of the converter has also been derived to define the mathematical model of CHBMLI as PWM converter adopted for this application. The performance of system has been analysed using MATLAB simulation and validated experimentally on prototype model by using dSPACE‐1104.
Parameter design method for capacitive power and signal transfer system based on multi‐objective optimisation algorithm
Authors: Su Yu‐Gang , Zhou Wei , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Wu Xue‐Ying , Qing Xiao‐Dong
Published: November 2018

For most capacitive power transfer applications, a reliable signal transfer link between the primary side and the secondary side plays an essential role. The parameters design of the system has a key effect on the operating performance, however, the existing parameter design method can only get an acceptable solution, instead of a globally optimal solution. This study has proposed a general and global optimal parameter design method based on the constraint multi‐objective algorithm. The mathematical models of the power and signal channels as long as the power noise is established and all the objective functions are given according to the models. Besides, the constraints considering the reasonable region of the parameter values and the limitation of the voltage and current on the elements are given. Then the multi‐objective optimisation problem with the objective functions and constraints are solved by the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, and the proper global optimal parameters are selected from the Pareto set. Finally, a simulation model and an experimental setup with 180 W power and 200 kbps signal transfer capability are constructed, and the results verified the effectiveness and correctness of this method.
Mathematical modelling of the voltage transfer functions of an unloaded overhead line during its energisation under faulty conditions
Authors: Mujović Saša , Vujošević Snežana , Vujošević Luka
Published: November 2018

Transient overvoltage represents a high magnitude voltage surge of a short duration which has to be considered when performing proper insulation coordination. Overhead line energisation is found to be a fundamental cause of transients. Both normal and faulty conditions are possible during line energisation. The latter implies the existence of an asymmetrical phase‐to‐ground fault and facing with two asymmetrical processes which take place concurrently. This type of energisation results in severe overvoltage, as well as in a voltage rise at the line receiving end. However, in practice, measuring devices are usually placed at the line sending end, which points to difficulties in determination of phase‐voltages at the opposite end of the line. This study offers a solution for the aforementioned issue by proposing the frequency‐dependent voltage transfer functions (TFs). By using the functions any voltage value at the sending line end will obtain the corresponding value at the receiving end. The functions are derived through complex mathematical modelling and by signal processing based on the empirical mode decomposition method. The TFs validity is confirmed through performed simulation in MATLAB Simulink and real‐site measurements.
Management and development performance assessment for electric distribution company based on data mining
Authors: Zeyuan Shen , Zheng Wang , Haibo Zhao , Xiaojun Song
Published: November 2018

In this study, the Statistical Product and Service Solutions software is applied to analyse the massive data of electric distribution companies. A comprehensive evaluation of grid development and production and operation of basic electric distribution companies is the key to a company's investment and development strategies. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation index system for electric distribution companies. In the method, the weight of each index is calculated using the improved analytic hierarchy process based on the Delphi method. Then, according to the actual operation situation of each enterprise, the differential weight of various indices is constructed, and the comprehensive evaluation and score of differentiation for electric distribution companies are realised, which can be used for locating the weak line of the power grid of each enterprise and putting forward an investment strategy of the power grid. Through the demonstration application of 98 electric distribution companies in Shanxi Province of China, this method exhibits a promotion of value and accuracy in carrying out a comprehensive evaluation for electric distribution companies.
Facharztgrundseminare „Laser in der Dermatologie“
Authors: Paasch U. , Bäumler W. , Seitz T. , Grunewald S.
Published: November 2018

Laser erfreuen sich umfänglicher Anwendung in der täglichen dermatologischen Routine, obwohl nahezu jede dermatologische Laserintervention durch andere Methoden ersetzt werden kann. Zudem sind Laser gefährlich, teuer, schwierig zu bedienen und erfordern ein hohes Maß an handwerklicher Geschicklichkeit. Nicht zuletzt bedarf es noch einiger Aufwände, die geforderten Zusatzqualifikationen zu erlangen, um dann allein Stück für Stück möglichst fehlerfrei praktische Erfahrung zu sammeln. Gut ausgebildet bietet die Laserintervention im Vergleich zu alternativen Optionen häufig den präziseren, schnelleren, ästhetischeren und eleganteren Therapieweg. Ziel der 2004 ins Leben gerufenen strukturierten Facharztgrundseminare war es, eine qualifizierte Ausbildungsplattform für diesen Spezialbereich der Dermatologie zu etablieren. Ausgewiesen wird dies durch das Zertifikat „Laser in der Dermatologie“.

Es wird zu den Standards der Ausbildungsinhalte, der nunmehr 14-jährigen Praxiserfahrung und zu den mit neuen gesetzlichen Vorschriften notwendig werdenden Änderungen Stellung genommen.
Zertifikat „Tropen- und Reisedermatologie“
Authors: Reinel D. , Elsner P.
Published: November 2018

Die Tropen- und Reisekrankheiten der Haut sind akute und chronische Hautkrankheiten infektiöser und nichtinfektiöser Natur, die auf die spezifischen Einwirkungen und Risiken des Aufenthalts in Klimaten außerhalb der gemäßigten Zone (Tropen, Subtropen, Arktis) zurückgehen.

Vermehrte Reisetätigkeit, aber auch internationale Migration sowohl aus Entwicklungsländern in die Industrieländer als auch aus den Industrieländern in tropische und subtropische Länder konfrontiert den Dermatologen in den Industrieländern zunehmend mit Tropen- und Reisekrankheiten der Haut. Auch in den Industrieländern ausgebildete Dermatologen sind zunehmend international tätig und benötigen daher für ihre spezielle tropen- und reisedermatologische Tätigkeit fundierte Kenntnisse. Im Rahmen der dermatologischen Weiterbildung, zumal unter den Einschränkungen des DRG-Systems in Deutschland, wird eine fundierte tropen- und reisedermatologische Ausbildung nur vereinzelt angeboten.

Die International Society for Dermatology in the Tropics in der ADI-TD hat daher in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Dermatologischen Akademie (DDA) mit dem Zertifikat „Tropen- und Reisedermatologie (DDA)“ ein wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot geschaffen.

Die Fortbildungsinhalte für die Zertifizierung „Tropen- und Reisedermatologie (DDA)“ werden in 3 jeweils ganztägigen Modulen (je 7 Stunden) vermittelt: Grund-, Aufbau- und Spezialseminar. Auch eine Aufteilung in Halbtage im Rahmen größerer Fortbildungstagungen ist möglich.

Die Seminare sind interaktiv; bestimmend sind die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten. Der Besuch der aufeinander aufbauenden Seminare sollte in chronologischer Reihenfolge in einem Zeitraum von maximal einem Jahr erfolgen. Zum Erhalt des Zertifikats ist einmal alle 5 Jahre die Teilnahme an einem Qualitätszirkel der Society for Dermatology in the Tropics (7 Stunden) vorgesehen, in dem aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Tropendermatologie komprimiert dargestellt und anhand von Falldiskussionen thematisiert werden.

Für die praktische Vertiefung des im Zertifikat erworbenen Wissens vermittelt die International Society for Dermatology in the Tropics (ISDT) Praktika in tropendermatologischen Abteilungen und in dermatologischen Kliniken in tropischen Ländern.

Daneben wird der Besuch der fachspezifischen Tagungen der ADI-TD und die Teilnahme an den im Auftrag der DDG von der ISDT organisierten tropendermatologischen Kurse in tropischen Ländern empfohlen.
Sind die „kleinen Atemwege“ der Schlüssel zum Verständnis von Pathophysiologie und Therapieeffizienz chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen?
Authors: Koehler U. , Hildebrandt O. , Koehler N. , Sohrabi K.
Published: November 2018

Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit vermittelt Informationen über die Bedeutung der „kleinen Atemwege“ hinsichtlich der Pathogenese chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen, insbesondere der COPD. Die Verzweigungen der Bronchien werden in Generationen eingeteilt. Bis zu den Bronchioli terminales hat das Bronchialsystem eine vorwiegende Luftleitungsfunktion (Generationen 0 – 16), mit den Bronchioli respiratorii beginnt die eigentliche Respirationszone (Generationen 17 – 23). Nach heutigem Wissen sind insbesondere die kleinen Atemwege mit einem Durchmesser < 2 mm von pathogenetischer Bedeutung, zumal die chronisch protrahiert verlaufende Inflammation hier zu morphologischen und strukturellen Veränderungen sowie zu einer Erhöhung des Atemwegswiderstandes führt. Bei schwergradiger COPD ist eine hochgradige Reduktion und Destruktion der bronchioli terminales festzustellen. Ob es bereits in einem frühen COPD-Stadium zu einem Atemwegsremodeling kommt, ist noch unklar. Hinsichtlich der In-vivo-Diagnostik morphologischer und funktioneller Veränderungen der kleinen Atemwege existiert bislang noch kein Goldstandard. Die Mikro-CT eröffnet jedoch neue Optionen der Darstellung von Mikrostrukturen im Bereich der terminalen Bronchiolen. Von therapeutischer Seite stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie eine Optimierung der inhalativen Medikamentendeposition im Bereich der „small airways“ zu erreichen ist.
Sonographie peripherer Nerven: Nervenkompressionssyndrome
Authors: Schminke Ulf , Allendörfer Jens
Published: November 2018

Zu den häufigsten Anwendungen der Sonografie peripherer Nerven gehört die Untersuchung von Nervenkompressionssyndromen. Der folgende Artikel hat zum Ziel, eine Übersicht über die typischen sonografischen Befunde sowie über den Zusatznutzen der Sonografie gegenüber der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung bei den häufigsten Nervenkompressionssyndromen wie dem Karpaltunnelsyndrom, der Ulnarisneuropathie am Ellenbogen, dem Loge de Guyon-Syndrom, dem Interosseus posterior-Syndrom, der Meralgia parästhetica, der Peronaeusneuropathie am Fibulaköpfchen und dem hinteren Tarsaltunnelsyndrom zu geben.
Asymmetric Synthesis of cis-5-(Aminomethyl)-3-(4-methoxy­phenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
Authors: Lee Won , Ha Hyun-Joon , Kim Sonhwan
Published: November 2018

The asymmetric synthesis of (3R,5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, as the most potent selective inactivator of monoamine B, was successfully achieved by applying a newly developed synthetic method toward the key γ-aminomethyl-γ-lactone via intramolecular aziridine ring opening in 63% overall yield from a commercial starting material.
Analysis of dynamics, stability, and flow fields' structure of an accelerated hydrodynamic discontinuity with interfacial mass flux by a general matrix method
Authors: Ilyin D. V. , Fukumoto Y. , Goddard W. A. , Abarzhi S. I.
Published: November 2018

We develop a general matrix method to analyze from a far field the dynamics of an accelerated interface between incompressible ideal fluids of different densities with interfacial mass flux and with negligible density variations and stratification. We rigorously solve the linearized boundary value problem for the dynamics conserving mass, momentum, and energy in the bulk and at the interface. We find a new hydrodynamic instability that develops only when the acceleration magnitude exceeds a threshold. This critical threshold value depends on the magnitudes of the steady velocities of the fluids, the ratio of their densities, and the wavelength of the initial perturbation. The flow has potential velocity fields in the fluid bulk and is shear-free at the interface. The interface stability is set by the interplay of inertia and gravity. For weak acceleration, inertial effects dominate, and the flow fields experience stable oscillations. For strong acceleration, gravity effects dominate, and the dynamics is unstable. For strong accelerations, this new hydrodynamic instability grows faster than accelerated Landau-Darrieus and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. For given values of the fluids' densities and their steady bulk velocities, and for a given magnitude of acceleration, we find the critical and maximum values of the initial perturbation wavelength at which this new instability can be stabilized and at which its growth is the fastest. The quantitative, qualitative, and formal properties of the accelerated conservative dynamics depart from those of accelerated Landau-Darrieus and Rayleigh-Taylor dynamics. New diagnostic benchmarks are identified for experiments and simulations of unstable interfaces.
Effect of substrate interactions on the glass transition and length-scale of correlated dynamics in ultra-thin molecular glass films
Authors: Zhang Yue , Woods Connor N. , Alvarez Mauricio , Jin Yi , Riggleman Robert A. , Fakhraai Zahra
Published: November 2018

Interfacial interactions can play an important role in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and relaxation dynamics of ultra-thin glass polymer films. We have recently shown that similar to the polymeric systems in ultra-thin molecular glass films of N, N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N, N′-diphenylbenzidine (TPD), the Tg is reduced and dynamics are enhanced. Furthermore, in molecular glass systems, as the film thickness is reduced below ∼30 nm, the dynamics at the two interfaces correlate such that the range of the gradients in the dynamics induced by the free surface narrows compared to thicker films. These observations indicate that the dynamics of the glassy thin films are strongly correlated and cannot be explained by a simple two-layer model consisting of a bulk and a thin interfacial layer with a constant thickness and constant range of dynamical gradients. Here, we investigate the effect of film/substrate interactions on the film dynamics by varying the TPD/substrate interfacial interactions. We show that thin TPD films with thicknesses below ∼60 nm show a smaller extent of Tg reduction and enhanced dynamics when supported on a near-neutral substrate (wetting) compared to a weakly interacting (dewetting) substrate. However, the ∼30 nm length scale, where the activation energy significantly reduces from its bulk value as measured by the onset of the glass transition remains unchanged. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation also shows a narrowing in the range of relaxation times once the thickness is sufficiently reduced for the two interfaces to dynamically correlate, consistent with previous work. These results suggest that the length-scale for the correlated dynamics is independent of interfacial interactions and the polymeric nature of the film and may originate from the bulk glass properties.
Compression and shear behavior of ultrathin coated nanoporous gold: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Yildiz Yunus Onur , Kirca Mesut
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the compressive and shear properties of nanoporous gold (np-Au) coated with different ultrathin metallic materials (i.e., platinum and silver) via molecular dynamics simulations. Atomistic models used for the geometric representation of coated and uncoated np-Au structures are generated through a modeling technique based on the Voronoi tessellation method. Three different coating thickness values are used to examine the role of thickness for the coating performance under compressive and shear loading by comparing the mechanical characteristics of the atomistic models such as Young's modulus, yield, and ultimate strengths. Moreover, adaptive common neighbor analyses are carried out by monitoring the evolution of the crystal structure of the specimens during the loading process. In this way, the deformation mechanisms of coated and uncoated nanoporous specimens are identified thoroughly. As a key finding from the simulation results, it is observed that the mechanical properties of np-Au are crucially dependent on the type of the coating material. However, a significant improvement on the toughness within the plastic regime is demonstrated for all types of coating materials and loading conditions.
Metal doping in cerium metal-organic frameworks for visible-response water splitting photocatalysts
Authors: Wu Xin-Ping , Gagliardi Laura , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: November 2018

Cerium metal-organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) show great promise for photocatalytic water splitting as they have low-lying unoccupied 4f orbitals with energies lower than the unoccupied linker orbitals to drive the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) of the photo-generated electron at the linker to separate the photo-excited charges. Nevertheless, the large and negative LMCT energies of Ce-MOFs are often accompanied by high photon-absorption energies, which then limit the application of Ce-MOFs as visible-light-driven water splitting photocatalysts. In this work, we propose that metal (Zr or Ti) doping can raise the very negative LMCT energies of Ce-MOFs, consequently leading to the decrease of the absorption energy and promoting the response of Ce-MOFs to visible light. By functionalizing the linker of the mixed-metal MOFs, we found two possible visible-response photocatalysts for water splitting using a single photocatalyst.
Octahedral coupling in (111)- and (001)-oriented La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: Moreau Magnus , Selbach Sverre M. , Tybell Thomas
Published: November 2018

Rotations and distortions of oxygen octahedra in perovskites play a key role in determining their functional properties. Here, we investigate how octahedral rotations can couple from one material to another in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3 epitaxial heterostructures by first principles density functional theory calculations, emphasizing the important differences between systems oriented perpendicular to the (111)- and (001)-facets. We find that the coupling length of out-of-phase octahedral rotations is independent of the crystalline facet, pointing toward a steric effect. However, the detailed octahedral structure across the interface is significantly different between the (111)- and (001)-orientations. For (001)-oriented interfaces, there is a clear difference whether the rotation axis in SrTiO3 is parallel or perpendicular to the interface plane, while for the (111)-interface, the different rotations' axes in SrTiO3 are symmetry equivalent. Finally, we show that octahedral coupling across the interface can be used to control the spatial distribution of the spin density.
Coupling quantum emitters in WSe2 monolayers to a metal-insulator-metal waveguide
Authors: Dutta Subhojit , Cai Tao , Buyukkaya Mustafa Atabey , Barik Sabyasachi , Aghaeimeibodi Shahriar , Waks Edo
Published: November 2018

Coupling single photon emitters to surface plasmons provides a versatile ground for on chip quantum photonics. However, achieving good coupling efficiency requires precise alignment of both the position and dipole orientation of the emitter relative to the plasmonic mode. We demonstrate coupling of single emitters in the 2-D semiconductor, WSe2 self-aligned with propagating surface plasmon polaritons in silver-air-silver, metal-insulator-metal waveguides. The waveguide produces strain induced defects in the monolayer which are close to the surface plasmon mode with favorable dipole orientations for optimal coupling. We measure an average enhancement in the rate of spontaneous emission by a factor of 1.89 for coupling the single defects to the plasmonic waveguide. This architecture provides an efficient way of coupling single photon emitters to propagating plasmons which is an important step towards realizing active plasmonic circuits on chip.
Efficient current-induced magnetization reversal by spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co/Pt
Authors: Rowan-Robinson R. M. , Hindmarch A. T. , Atkinson D.
Published: November 2018

Current-induced magnetization reversal due to spin-orbit torque is demonstrated in an anisotropy controlled Pt/Co/Pt trilayer. The samples were designed to have weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, with a measured anisotropy field of (1340±20) Oe. Reversal is shown to be dominated by a damping-like torque associated with the spin-Hall effect. A small in-plane magnetic field was required to break the symmetry and enable reversal. With a 273 Oe field, magnetization reversal occurred with a current density amplitude of only 5×1010 A m−2, which is shown to be consistent with a simple model. The field-like torque is negligible, so measurements indicate that the imaginary part of the spin-mixing conductance associated with Co/Pt interfaces must be negligible.
Selective thermal radiation at longitudinal optical phonon energy under geometric condition of metal-semiconductor mesa stripe structures
Authors: Ishitani Yoshihiro , Aoki Tomoyuki , Funabashi Hidenori , Morita Ken
Published: November 2018

Selective thermal emission at approximately 284 cm−1 with a line width of 13 cm–1 at 628 K is obtained by heating the Au-GaAs mesa-type line and space structures. This emission demonstrates a characteristic polar radiation distribution of electric dipoles and a wavelength independent of the structure size or the direction of emission; thus, it is ascribed to thermally generated electric dipoles resonating with the longitudinal optical phonon energy. This dipole is formed by the interface polarization charges of metal-GaAs-metal stripes. These distinct features are different from the radiation properties of interface phonon polaritons or electronic systems such as intersubband transitions of quantum wells. It is estimated that the mesa height and GaAs space width ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers provide high generation efficiency of electric dipoles and resultant radiation at high temperatures.
Effects of material degradation on electrical and optical characteristics of surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Bian Dongliang , Wu Yun , Long Changbai , Lin Bingxuan
Published: November 2018

In this paper, screen-printed electrodes are asymmetrically fabricated on three different dielectrics (multi-layered polyimide, quartz, and alumina). Supplied with AC power, sustainable surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma is generated in atmospheric pressure. During plasma processing, different changes of material degradation and discharge images are observed. The corresponding electrical and optical characteristics are investigated by optical emission spectra (OES) and Lissajous figure analysis, respectively. It is found that both dielectric degradation and electrode erosion occur on the surface of the polyimide based SDBD device, while there is only electrode erosion for the quartz and alumina based devices, which results in different changes of electrical characteristics. OES calculated results show that with an increase of discharge aging time, electron temperature increases for the polyimide based SDBD device and decreases for quartz and alumina based SDBD devices, while all the gas temperatures of three dielectrics increase with the aging time. Furthermore, compared to vibrational temperature and gas temperature, the distribution of electron temperature is more suitable for evaluating the changes in discharge uniformity during plasma processing.
Enhanced optomechanically induced transparency with magnetic coupling
Authors: Roesch Jean
Published: November 2018

Optomechanically induced transparency is a kind of induced transparency arising from the interference of excitation pathways in optomechanical systems and can be used to realize high speed optical switches and precision measurements. Due to the intrinsic feature of optomechanical interaction, optomechanically induced transparency can only be observed under strong pump fields. However, the applications of optomechanically induced transparency in nanophotonics require low pump power and good controllability. Thus it is important to reduce the pump power and improve the controllability of optomechanically induced transparency with current experimental parameters. In this work, we propose a realizable method for the achievement of low-power optomechanically induced transparency by introducing a magnetic force coupling. We show that the magnetic coupling can obviously reduce the pump threshold value, and optomechanically induced transparency with ultralow pump threshold value and desirable controllability can be realized. In comparison to optomechanical system combining piezoelectric materials, the magnetic force-coupled optomechanical system may be a better candidate for optical information process.
Influence of the probing wave phase modulation on the X-mode radial correlation Doppler reflectometry performance in the FT-2 tokamak
Authors: Altukhov A. B. , Gurchenko A. D. , Gusakov E. Z. , Irzak M. A. , Niskala P. , Esipov L. A. , Kiviniemi T. P. , Krutkin O. L. , Leerink S.
Published: November 2018

The cross-correlation function of high field side radial correlation X-mode Doppler reflectometry (DR) measured in the FT-2 tokamak experiment is shown to be a factor of three narrower than that computed using the fast linear (Born approximation) version of the X-mode DR synthetic diagnostics developed in the framework of the ELMFIRE global gyrokinetic modeling of the FT-2 ohmic discharge. This difference is observed in spite of the fact that the computed DR signal frequency spectra are shown to be similar to those measured. A modest phase modulation of the probing and backscattering waves by the long-scale turbulent density fluctuations is shown, both experimentally and in computation, to be responsible for the observed effect.
Analysis of the effect of field non-uniformity on energy conversion efficiency in a cyclotron-wave rectifier
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Fang Yong , Wang Huajun , Tuo Xianguo
Published: November 2018

The cyclotron-wave rectifier can efficiently convert microwaves into direct current in wireless power transmission. Its resonator operates in the quasi-H111 mode, where there is field non-uniformity; how this field non-uniformity will affect the energy conversion is determined. In this paper, through Computer Simulation Technology simulation, combining experiential analysis with numerical fitting obtains the field expression of the operating mode, approximately calculates the Coulomb field by using the model of a filamentary electron beam, and then through the numerical solution, analyzes the effect of the field non-uniformity on the energy conversion efficiency in both the resonator and the conversion region. The results demonstrate that when the relationship between the beam current I0 and the beam radius robr satisfies the Brillouin relationship, a lesser current density can maintain the beam shape very well and ensure a high beam-wave interaction efficiency; furthermore, in a reverse magnetic field region, when I0 ≤ 0.75Iobr, a higher energy conversion efficiency can be predicted. What is more, the conclusion is in agreement with particle-in-cell simulation. Finally, numerical computation also indicates that high beam-wave interaction efficiency requires a smaller radius of the electron beam.
Letter: Galilean invariance of Rortex
Authors: Wang Yiqian , Gao Yisheng , Liu Chaoqun
Published: November 2018

A new vector named Rortex [C. Liu et al., “Rortex—A new vortex vector definition and vorticity tensor and vector decompositions,” Phys. Fluids 30, 035103 (2018)] was proposed to represent the local fluid rotation in our previous work. However, the Galilean invariance of Rortex is yet to be elaborated. In the present study, we prove that Rortex is invariant under the Galilean transformation and several examples are provided to confirm the conclusion.
Jetting from cavitation bubbles due to multiple shockwaves
Authors: Supponen Outi , Akimura Takahito , Minami Tomoya , Nakajima Tomoki , Uehara Satoshi , Ohtani Kiyonobu , Kaneko Toshiro , Farhat Mohamed , Sato Takehiko
Published: November 2018

We present experimental observations of microjets formed by cavitation microbubbles. An underwater electric discharge, applied beneath a flat free surface, produces a primary compression wave, which undergoes several phase inversions upon reflections from the free surface and spark-bubble interface. The first reflection yields a tension wave, which produces a cloud of secondary cavitation bubbles in the liquid, some of which form microjets upon collapse. The tuning of these reflections enables an effective control of the microjet direction in the bubble cloud. All of the jets of the microbubbles between the spark bubble and free surface are directed radially away from the spark bubble. The mechanical response of an alumina plate placed between the electrodes and free surface generates a quasi-planar compression wave, which, following its multiple reflections from the free surface and plate, orients the microjets in the same direction toward the plate. These observations imply that the jet direction is determined mainly by the secondary compression wave, which is the first and thus most energetic compression wave acting on a sufficiently grown cavitation bubble.
3D focusing through highly scattering media using PSF modulation
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wang Zi-Qiang , Hu Xin-Yao , Yu Pan-Pan , Chen Rui-Shan , Li Yin-Mei , Gong Lei
Published: November 2018

In this letter, we present an approach to achieve three-dimensional (3D) focusing through highly scattering media. The method combines 3D computer-generated holography (CGH) with point-spread-function (PSF) based wavefront shaping. With a single transmission matrix measurement, CGH-aided PSF engineering enables us to control light volumetrically under multiple scattering. As a proof of concept, generating user-specified 2D intensity patterns and 3D focusing through scattering media were demonstrated. Further, axial scanning of the focus was realized digitally by using a digital micromirror device. Experimentally, our method achieves an axial scanning range ∼20 times larger than that obtained by the memory effect method. Our work is expected to benefit long-range optical trapping and volumetric imaging through highly scattering media.
Rethinking Coxiella infections in Australia
Authors: Oskam Charlotte , Owens Jadyn , Codello Annachiara , Gofton Alexander , Greay Telleasha
Published: November 2018

Coxiellaburnetii is the causative agent of coxiellosis in animals and Q fever in humans. Despite being a vaccine preventable disease, Q fever remains a frequently reported zoonotic infection in Australia. Recently, a Coxiella species was identified in brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in urban and rural regions of Australia. Further molecular characterisation revealed that it is genetically identical to ‘Candidatus Coxiella massiliensis’ (KM079627) described in R. sanguineus ticks removed from humans with eschars in France and serologic cross-reactivity among ‘Ca. Coxiella massiliensis’ and C.burnetii may occur. This report highlights the need for molecular testing of seropositive companion animals and humans to determine which species of Coxiella they are infected with, in order to further assess Coxiella species associated with Coxiella infections in Australia.