bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing East Asians in a European comic book series
Authors: Adibeik Arezoo
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the British English version of Hergé’sThe Adventures of Tintin, a series of adventure comics created from 1929 to 1976. The series became increasingly popular throughout the mid-twentieth century and remains so even to the present day. However, it is still a subject of intrigue and controversy for many scholars due to the alleged racist/ethnic stereotypes in this series in terms of the visual representations and narratives. This paper explores the construction of the most frequently occurring non-European ethnic groups in the Tintin series, the East Asians, focusing on selected character roles regarding their functions, ethnicity, and dispersion throughout different narrative plots in three volumes where they were depicted. To that end, this research integrates Vladimir Propp’s narrative analysis and Martin Reisigl and Ruth Wodak’s discourse historical approach to critical discourse studies, while drawing on parts of Theo van Leeuwen’s social semiotic model in the analysis of images as well as Teun A. van Dijk’s strategies of positive-Self and negative Others presentation. The findings show some idiosyncrasies in terms of East Asians’ distinctive national identities and the dynamicity between the macro-strategies of positive Self versus negative Other representations in the series while touching on the concept of “internal Others.”
TIG-weldability of AISI 430 and DUROSTAT 500 grade
Authors: Aydin Sinan
Published: May 2023

In this study, 10 mm thick DUROSTAT 500 and AISI 430 grades were joined by double sided keyhole tungsten inert gas (K-TIG) welding method without using filler material. The characterization of the microstructure of the weld zone was investigated by optical analysis methods and the mechanical properties of the welded parts were examined by mechanical tests. The fracture surface structure of the parts that were broken as a result of the tests were examined. No deterioration was observed in the welded samples. It was determined that the weld penetration increased as a result of the increase in the amount of heat entering the weld zone with the increasing welding current.
Homozygous CDH2 variant may be associated with hypopituitarism without neurological disorders
Authors: Ferreira Nathalia G B P , Madeira Joao L O , Gergics Peter , Kertsz Renata , Marques Juliana M , Trigueiro Nicholas S S , Benedetti Anna Flavia Figueredo , Azevedo Bruna V , Fernandes Bianca H V , Bissegatto Debora D , Biscotto Isabela P , Fang Qing , Ma Qianyi , Ozel Asye B , Li Jun , Camper Sally A , Jorge Alexander A L , Mendonça Berenice B , Arnhold Ivo J P , Carvalho Luciani R
Published: May 2023

Context

Congenital hypopituitarism is a genetically heterogeneous condition. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a promising approach for molecular diagnosis of patients with this condition.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to conduct WES in a patient with congenital hypopituitarism born to consanguineous parents, CDH2 screening in a cohort of patients with congenital hypopituitarism, and functional testing of a novel CDH2 variant.

Design

Genomic DNA from a proband and her consanguineous parents was analyzed by WES. Copy number variants were evaluated. The genetic variants were filtered for population frequency (ExAC, 1000 genomes, gnomAD, and ABraOM), in silico prediction of pathogenicity, and gene expression in the pituitary and/or hypothalamus. Genomic DNA from 145 patients was screened for CDH2 by Sanger sequencing.

Results

One female patient with deficiencies in growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and ectopic posterior pituitary gland contained a rare homozygous c.865G>A (p.Val289Ile) variant in CDH2. To determine whether the p.Val289Ile variant in CDH2 affects cell adhesion properties, we stably transfected L1 fibroblast lines, labeled the cells with lipophilic dyes, and quantified aggregation. Large aggregates formed in cells expressing wildtype CDH2, but aggregation was impaired in cells transfected with variant CDH2 or non-transfected.

Conclusion

A homozygous CDH2 allelic variant was found in one hypopituitarism patient, and the variant impaired cell aggregation function in vitro. No disease-causing variants were found in 145 other patients screened for CDH2 variants. Thus, CDH2 is a candidate gene for hypopituitarism that needs to be tested in different populations.

Significance statement

A female patient with hypopituitarism was born from consanguineous parents and had a homozygous, likely pathogenic, CDH2 variant that impairs cell aggregation in vitro. No other likely pathogenic variants in CDH2 were identified in 145 hypopituitarism patients.
Multiple object tracking
Authors: O. Holcombe Alex
Published: May 2023

In psychology and neuroscience, multiple object tracking (MOT) refers to the ability of humans and other animals to simultaneously monitor multiple objects as they move. It is also the term for a laboratory technique used to study this ability. In an MOT study, a number of identical moving objects are presented on a display. Some of the objects are designated as targets while the rest serve as distractors. Study participants try to monitor the changing positions of the targets as they and the distractors move about. At the end of the trial, participants typically are asked to indicate the final positions of the targets. The results of MOT experiments have revealed dramatic limitations on humans' ability to simultaneously monitor multiple moving objects. For example, awareness of features such as color and shape is disrupted by the objects' movement.
Sugar beet processing waste as a substrate for yeast protein production for livestock feed
Authors: Dygas Dawid , Berłowska Joanna
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the optimal yeast strains for producing single cell protein based on waste sugar beet pulp (SBP) under various biomass loads. All tested strains were capable of growing on the waste biomass. Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red produced the greatest increase in protein on fresh SBP (ΔN 1.84%). Scheffersomyces stipitis (ΔN 2.27%) provided the highest increase on dried SBP. All tested strains showed significant assimilation of nitrogenous compounds. Based on the crude fiber content after fermentation, the largest reduction in fiber occurred with Candida utilis R6 (10.5%) on fresh SBP, and Yarrowia lipolytica (13.1%) on dried SBP. These results demonstrate the potential of SBP as a substrate for the production of single cell protein and highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate strains to optimize the process.
Chemical content of volatile oil of Primula veris subsp. columnae, obtaining the methanol extracts and their biological activities
Authors: Karapınar Çağrı , Öz Mehmet
Published: May 2023

The proportions and constituents of the essential oils of flowers and leaves of Primula veris subsp. columnae were determined, and the antioxidant and the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) properties of their methanol extracts were investigated. Percentage ratios and main components of the Primula veris subsp. columnae plant, which grows naturally, were detected by extracting flower and leaf volatile oils. The components of the volatile oil were identified with Gas Chromatography Mass Detector-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-MS/FID). A total of 62 compounds were identified in flower volatile oil, and methyl 4-methoxysalicylate (37.1%) was determined as the main compound. While defining the structure of 50 compounds in leaf essential oil, linoleic acid (40.1%) was established as the main compound. As the result of the extraction of flowers and leaves with methanol, the extractive substance was obtained as 34.5% in flowers and as 28.8% in leaves. Methanol extraction and the antioxidant properties of the Primula veris subsp. columnae plant were quite high. In the antifungal and antibacterial activity test conducted on the volatile oils and methanol extracts of flowers and leaves of the Primula veris subsp. columnae species, only flower volatile oil showed weak inhibition properties.
Rheological and mechanical study of micro-nano sized biocarbon-PLA biodegradable biocomposites
Authors: Rahman Md. Rezaur , Bin Othman Al-Khalid , Yurkin Yuriy , Burkov Andrey , Shestakova Ulyana , Bin Bakri Muhammad Khusairy , Alfaifi Sulaiman Y. , Madkhali O. , Aljabri Mahmood D. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: May 2023

Pinewood sawdust was pyrolyzed to create a micro-nanocarbon. The adsorbent’s particle size was reduced during a ball milling procedure to improve the surface area and encourage porosity growth. The synergistic effects of micro-nano-adsorbent-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were investigated by analyzing the efficiency of the rheological process. The properties of the prepared composites also were examined using various characterization tests, including tensile and hardness tests, crystallinity tests, elemental composition, and plasticity behavior tests. Therefore, in-depth investigations and comparisons were also carried out to confirm the created composites’ efficacy compared to other outcomes.
Influence of storage time and log length on the distribution of wood chip size
Authors: Silveira Daniela J. , Durigan Aline , Monteiro Thiago , Sgarbiero Ivan M. , Silva Dimas A.
Published: May 2023

Chip size distribution is important in kraft pulping, as it affects chemical use, quality, and yield in pulp production. Pinus taeda logs with two storage periods (0 and 2 weeks) and two log lengths (2.4 and 7.0 m) were processed with a disc chipper. Logs stored for two weeks produced chips with 7% less moisture than logs with no storage period. The storage period significantly influenced the quantities of overthick, accept, pin, and fines classes. Logs stored for two weeks produced 1.7% more overthick, 3.8% more pin, and 1.1% fines than logs with no stocking period. Consequently, the amount of accept produced was 6.2% higher for chips from processing freshly harvested logs. Log length influenced the produced quantities of oversize, overthick, and accept. Logs with a length of 2.4 m produced chips with 1.4% more oversize, 2.5% more overthick, and 4.6% less accept, compared to 7.0 m logs. Thus, it was concluded that Pinus taeda logs with shorter storage periods and longer lengths generate more chips in the “accept” class.
López Aliaga y Renovación Popular: un proyecto de restauración patriarcal
Authors: Vildoso Chirinos Carmen
Published: May 2023

Este artículo está dedicado a analizar el proyecto político condensado en el partido Renovación Popular bajo el liderazgo del empresario Rafael López Aliaga. Se examina un período que abarca tres procesos electorales en tres años sucesivos: elecciones extraordinarias al Congreso, elecciones nacionales y elecciones municipales. López Aliaga, quien disputa el liderazgo de la oposición a Keiko Fujimori, es el representante de una derecha conservadora en extremo, que amalgama política y religión. Se profundiza en la propuesta de plan de gobierno presentada en las elecciones nacionales, comparándolas con las propuestas de otros sectores de derecha, así como en el perfil de su base social. Se hace evidente que, en la definición de las coordenadas políticas actuales, al lado del posicionamiento frente al sistema democrático o los modelos económicos, temas como igualdad de género pasan a ser especialmente relevantes. A raíz de su elección como alcalde de Lima, se plantea el doble riesgo que representa la oposición entre alcaldía y Presidencia de la República, y la coincidencia entre ambas en materia de conservadurismo político.
La deriva de la representación política en el Perú. El triunfo electoral de Pedro Castillo y la cuestión de la representatividad política
Authors: Duárez Mendoza Jorge Luis
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo propone una interpretación de las transformaciones que viene experimentando la representación política en el Perú a partir del estudio del triunfo electoral de Pedro Castillo. Sostenemos que dicho triunfo electoral evidenciaría la preponderancia en el Perú de la representatividad como lazo político, basada en la identificación por similitud sociológica, en un contexto de desconfianza y crisis de representación política. Esta preponderancia mostraría los límites de la política representativa en el Perú. El análisis se basa en una interpretación de los sentidos que configuraron la relación entre Pedro Castillo y sus votantes durante la primera vuelta electoral de las elecciones generales del 2021.
Presentación
Authors: Lynch Gamero Nicolás
Published: May 2023

Les presento en esta oportunidad el número 10 de nuestra revista, y si algo puede tener un número cercano a una cábala, ojalá que este sea presagio de una primera decena que dé luz a muchas más.
A RHYMED CHRONICLE OF THE WAR
Authors:   State Institution “Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine”, Sharov Oleksandr
Published: May 2023

Response to the article: Mariotti, Sergio (2022, July 4). A warning from the Russian–Ukrainian war: avoiding a future that rhymes with the past. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-022-00219-z
GENERALIZED IDENTIFIER OF THE PRESENCE OF DISTORTIONS IN THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Voloshko A.V. ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",   , pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Dzheria T.E. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

The development of measures to ensure the quality of electric energy is possible only after assessing the actual state of the quality of electric energy in all nodes of the electric network. Therefore, the basis of the system of ensuring the necessary quality of electric energy should be the system of its monitoring. An approach to the construction of a system for monitoring the quality of electrical energy in real time is presented by developing a generalized identifier for the presence of distortion of the quality of electrical energy, regardless of its type, time of appearance and duration, based on the construction of the spatial-temporal distribution of the information signal and subsequent orthogonal analysis of the frequency-temporal changes of its spectral components. This makes it possible to create a system for monitoring the quality of electric energy in real time, in contrast to existing methods, which use sequential processing of the measurement signal to determine individual indicators of the quality of electric energy, which makes it impossible to conduct it in real time. Ref. 3, fig. 4.
CONIC SPRINGS BLOCK CALCULATION FOR PRESSURE STABILIZATION POWER ACCUMULATOR OF POWERFUL TURBOGENERATOR STATOR CORE
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Levitskyi А.S. , Zaitsev Ie.O. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Sorokina N.L. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,  pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: May 2023

The results of an analytical review of modern methods and means of restoring and stabilizing the pressing pressure of the stator core of a powerful turbogenerator (TG) during operation are presented. The advantages and features of the use of power accumulators (PA) with blocks of disk springs for pressure stabilization, which are installed under the tightening nuts or instead of them on the threaded ends of the tightening prisms, are described. A number of TG and PA parameters that must be known to calculate the mechanical characteristics of the conic springs unit are outlined. It is shown that the optimal method of assembling disc springs into blocks in CA is combined (series-parallel). Based on the specified design parameters, the dependence of the force created by the disc spring and the spring block on the spring thickness was obtained. The dependence of the force of the spring block on the displacement of the pressure plate of the stator core for different values of the spring thickness was determined. The method of calculating the strength of disc springs is given. Ref. 12, fig. 9.
Ethical Issues With Patient–Provider Interactions in an Evolving Social Media Landscape
Authors: Clover-Brown Imogen , Moore Bryanna , Andrews Christina G. , Antommaria Armand H. Matheny
Published: May 2023

Billions of people use social media, including many patients, families, and providers. As social media has evolved, so have the challenges users face when choosing to share or view content. These challenges are even more complex when providers care for patients and families who post publicly about their experience in the medical system, especially when they have many followers. In this Ethics Rounds, we present a case of a resident physician caring for a medically complex child whose parent has hundreds of thousands of followers on her social media accounts where she posts details of her child’s medical experience. The resident is considering viewing the parent’s posts. An ethicist, a family advocate, and a pediatric resident provide commentaries. The first discusses issues of privacy, influencer culture, and decision-making. The second addresses communication and the difficulties families face as they interact with the medical system. The third discusses outdated policies and risks to the therapeutic relationship. The commentators generally agree that it is preferable for providers to discuss their concerns with patients or parents/guardians directly rather than view their social media surreptitiously. Although there may be some benefits to viewing someone’s posts, such as gaining a better understanding of their life at home, it would be best for the provider to view them with the patient/parent to allow them to provide context.
Prediction of sulfadiazine solubility in some cosolvent mixtures using non-ideal solution models
Authors: Cárdenas Rossember E. , Tinoco Luz Elena , Galindres Diana M. , Beltrán Alejandro , Oviedo Carlos D. , Osorio Jhonny
Published: May 2023

The experimental data of sulfadiazine in (methanol + water), (ethanol + water) and (1-propanol + water) cosolvent mixtures at some temperatures were correlated using non-ideal solution models, namely, the modified Apelblat and Buchowski-Ksiazaczak equations and the van’t Hoff equation. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental data. According to the Buchowski equation, the solubility of sulfadiazine in the three co-solvent mixtures shows important deviations from ideality, which is consistent with the literature.
The usefulness of transabdominal ultrasound elastography in Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children
Authors:   University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterogy, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey, Akbulut Ulas Emre , Isik Ishak Abdurrahman ,   University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterogy, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey, Atalay Atike ,   University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterogy, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey, Özkan Mehmet Burak ,   Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
Published: May 2023

Background: Helicobacter pylori can colonize the submucosal layer as well as the mucosa in the stomach. Inflammation and erosions cause both mucosal and submucosal thickening in patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Elastography is a method for measuring the elasticity and hardness of tissues by visualization of their response to the applied force. Hard tissues respond to applied compression differently compared to soft tissues. Hard tissues displace as a whole without deforming as opposed to soft tissues. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic performance of transabdominal ultrasound elastography in detecting Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children. Methods: Nineteen children (group 1) with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, 33 children (group 2) with Helicobacter pylori (-) gastritis and 37 healthy children (group 3) were included the study. These groups were compared in terms of their strain index values. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed with a single transducer at 1.8–6.2 MHz frequency range. Results: Both group 1 and 2 had significantly higher strain index values compared to the control group (2.7, 2.2 and 1.4 respectively). Additionally, the mean strain index value was significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2. Conclusion: Transabdominal ultrasound elastography has diagnostic value in differentiating Helicobacter pylori (+) gastritis from Helicobacter pylori (-) gastritis as well as in the diagnosis of gastritis in children.
Comparison of conventional Doppler imaging techniques and superb microvascular imaging in determination of vascularization in undescended testes
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Medicine Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey, Ates Fatih , Sivri Mesut ,   Department of Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Durmaz Mehmet Sedat ,   Department of Radiology, Medicine Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey, Sekmenli Tamer ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Selçuk University Medical School, Konya, Turkey, Gunduz Metin ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Selçuk University Medical School, Konya, Turkey, Ciftci Ilhan ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Selçuk University Medical School, Konya, Turkey
Published: May 2023

Aim: Our aim was to gain an idea about testicular injury by comparing the reduced volume, which is one of the indirect indicators of testicular damage in undescended testes, and by evaluating the reduced microvascular blood flow by superb microvascular imaging, and also to determine whether superb microvascular imaging modes could detect microvascular blood flow in more detail in the decreased volume of undescended testes. Material and methods: We compared testicular blood flow in undescended testes via conventional Doppler imaging, color superb microvascular imaging, and monochrome superb microvascular imaging techniques with contralateral normally located testis and normal control group. Each sample of testicular tissue was evaluated using a qualitative method. Spot color encoding and linear flow color encoding counts determined in testicular parenchyma were counted separately and expressed as numerical data. The localization of the examined testes in the grayscale was noted (proximal inguinal canal, medial inguinal canal, distal inguinal canal, and scrotal). The volume of undescended testes was calculated automatically via a formula for volume. Results: Monochrome superb microvascular imaging is significantly superior in visualizing the vascularity of undescended testes compared with color Doppler, power Doppler and color superb microvascular imaging (p = 0.001). Also, undescended testes have a significantly lower blood flow compared with contralateral normal testes (p = 0.001). The volume of undescended testes was significantly lower than the contralateral normal testes. Conclusions: The volume, structure and blood flow are indirect signs of testicular damage in undescended testes. Monochrome superb microvascular imaging can detect vascularity in undescended testes better than the conventional Doppler imaging technique and color superb microvascular imaging. Based on our findings, we can report that monochrome superb microvascular imaging can be used to evaluate testicular injury and vascularity of undescended testes.
A brief review of diagnostic properties of point-of-care ultrasound for adult bowel intussusception: Making the case for ultrasound
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Tempel David G. , Balk Daniel S. ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Schafer Jesse M. ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Hoffmann Beatrice
Published: May 2023

Undifferentiated abdominal pain in adults is a common chief complaint in acute care clinics and emergency departments worldwide, representing up to 10% of visits to emergency departments. Many patients have a non-specific presentation and an initial workup with labwork, urine analysis or X-ray might not reveal a specific diagnosis. Although bowel intussusception is a primarily pediatric disease, adult intussusception is a recognized but rare cause of bowel obstruction often requiring surgical intervention. However, recent data from advanced multi-detector computed tomography imaging shows that milder or recurring cases in adults have been underrecognized. Multi-detector computed tomography is still the imaging gold standard for detecting intussusception in adults, but new data showed that sonographers with basic training using the point-of-care ultrasound approach have a reasonable accuracy in detecting this pathology. As the point-of-care ultrasound for undifferentiated abdominal pain is an emerging core skill in the acute care setting, knowledge of sonographic signs of intestinal intussusception should be included in the skill set of physicians. Sonographic findings in adults mimic pediatric cases, but different location patterns and higher malignancy rates exist in adults. In this manuscript, we will review the current literature on adult intussusception and summarize key knowledge of intestinal intussusception in adults. We will present four adult patients diagnosed with different types of adult acute bowel intussusception using the point-of-care ultrasound and describe a focused scanning approach with typical sonographic findings.
Double nutcracker syndrome in a patient with circumaortic venous ring: a rare case report
Authors:   Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Farina Renato , Foti Pietro Valerio , Nicolosi Lorena ,   Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Basile Antonio ,   Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,   Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Published: May 2023

Aim of the study: In this article, we describe a rare case of the nutcracker syndrome caused by combined compression of the left anteroaortic and retroaortic renal veins. Case description: A 42-yearold woman presented with microhematuria and left flank pain. The patient underwent computed tomography and Doppler ultrasound which showed the left renal veins with anteroaortic and retroaortic courses, with signs of compression. Compression of the anteroaortic renal vein was caused by a narrowing of the aortomesenteric space, whereas compression of the retroaortic renal vein was caused by a narrowing of the aortovertebral space. Conclusions: NCS is a rare disease, poorly understood and difficult to diagnose mainly due to the non-specificity of symptoms. Imaging is essential for diagnosis, and the combination of ultrasound and computed tomography allows for better classification of the disease. Increased disclosure of these cases can significantly contribute to a reduction of false negatives.
The role of judges at the pre-mediation stage of court-annexed mediation: A case study of the situation in the Czech Republic
Authors: Dušková Lenka , Holas Jan
Published: May 2023

Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism has a very long history, especially outside of the adjudicative space. It has gradually also found its way as an adjunct to the court system in the form of court-annexed mediation. As proven by quantitative studies, mediation in the region of Central and Eastern Europe is still, however, a relatively novel and underutilized instrument. Thus, this study explores the role of judges in court-annexed mediation using the case of the Czech Republic. It presents a piece of empirical research built on a single qualitative case study of mediation practice as seen and understood through the experience of district court judges. The latter represent the core actors that contribute to shaping mediation practice through their attitudes and activities, influenced by their own interpretation of phenomena, when entering into the process at the pre-mediation phase – when the activity of the judge is foreseen by the legislative framework to be the most significant. Offering a comprehensive description of the research methodology, the study also aims to contribute to academic debate that calls for more case/comparative studies of relatively unexplored phenomena in the wider region of Central and Eastern Europe.
A modern intenzív terápia kihívása: az elhúzódó kritikus állapot kórélettani háttere és terápiás lehetőségei
Authors: Kópházi Luca Krisztina , Kárpáthi István Keve , Kesztyűs Viktor , Holndonner-Kirst Enikő , Gulyás Eszter , Karvaly Gellért Balázs , Gál János , Hermann Csaba Gyula
Published: May 2023

Az intenzív terápia fejlődésével az akut szervelégtelenség miatt kezelt betegek
túlélési esélye javult. Ennek következtében nőtt azon betegek aránya, akik az
akut intenzív osztályos ellátást indokló betegséget túlélve elhúzódó
szervtámogató kezelésre szorulnak. A túlélők jelentős részénél egyúttal tartós
egészségkárosodás figyelhető meg, amely rehabilitációt vagy tartós ápolást tesz
szükségessé, illetve ismételt kórházi kezeléseket tehet indokolttá az intenzív
osztály látókörén kívül is. Az akut megbetegedést követően kialakuló és tartós
intenzív osztályos kezelést szükségessé tevő állapotot az intenzív terápiás
szakma elhúzódó kritikus állapot (chronic critical
illness – CCI) néven ismeri. Az elhúzódó kritikus állapot
definíciója az irodalomban nem egységes, a legtöbb forrás a lélegeztetési,
illetve ápolási napok száma alapján határozza meg a kezdetét. Ugyanakkor a
változatos etiológiájú akut állapot miatt kezelt betegeknél az elhúzódó kritikus
állapot során hasonló szövődmények alakulnak ki, amelyek hátterében
uniformizálódó kórélettani folyamatok figyelhetők meg. Ezáltal az elhúzódó
kritikus állapot valójában nemcsak az akut betegséget időben követő állapot,
hanem önálló klinikai szindróma. Jellegzetes a másodlagos fertőzések, az
izomgyengeség, a központi és perifériás neuropathia kialakulása, valamint a
tipikus hormon- és immunrendszert érintő eltérések. A kimenetelt az akut
betegség súlyossága mellett jelentősen befolyásolja a páciens korábbi esendősége
és társbetegségei is. Az elhúzódó kritikus állapotú beteg kezelése összetett
feladat, multidiszciplináris szemléletet és individuális terápiát igényel. A
népesség további öregedésével és az akut betegségek egyre hatékonyabb
kezelésével az elhúzódó kritikus állapot gyakorisága várhatóan tovább növekszik.
A háttérben zajló kórélettani folyamatok áttekintése és rendszerezése az ezzel
járó, nagyon jelentős orvosszakmai, ápolási, társadalmi és gazdasági terhek
mérsékléséhez alapvetően fontos. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(18): 702–712.
A kreativitás idegtudománya, avagy megragadható-e a megfoghatatlan?
Authors: Szakács Réka , Janka Zoltán
Published: May 2023

A kreativitás rendkívül összetett entitás, amely a leginkább ellentétes
polaritások mentén ragadható meg. Egyidejűleg tekinthető folyamatok sokaságát
magában foglaló jelenségnek, de értelmezhető komplex konstruktumként is,
amelynek egységesen elfogadott definíciója sincs, dacára a kreativitás kiterjedt
irodalmának. A különböző tudományterületek kreativitáskutatói a módszertani
sokszínűség mellett paradigmák és meghatározások arzenálját kínálják, ebből
adódnak azonban a kutatási eredmények ellentmondásai is. A kreativitás fogalma
mindazonáltal fenntartandó abban az értelemben, amely az eredetien új, értékes,
adaptív megoldás létrehozásának képességét jelenti: ez szakít a létező
kategóriákkal, és a konvencionálistól eltérő alternatívát teremt. A kreativitás
mint egységes entitás nem lehet ugyan tudományos vizsgálatok tárgya, és lényegét
ez idáig sem sikerült megfogni, de egyes alkotóelemei, úgymint bizonyos kognitív
folyamatok (divergens és konvergens gondolkodás, távoli asszociációk,
fogalomkiterjesztés, munkamemória), motivációs összetevők, érzelmi-hangulati
tényezők vagy a kreatív teljesítmény prediktorainak vélt személyiségvonások
(szkizotípiás, autisztikus) már mérhetők és feltérképezhetők. A definíciós
bizonytalanságok ellenére a kreativitáskutatásban egyre nagyobb teret nyertek a
neurobiológiai megközelítések, újabban pedig az elektrofiziológiára és
képalkotásra támaszkodó hálózati elemzések, elősegítve a kreatív teljesítmény
funkcionális agyi lokalizációjának megértését. Az idegtudományi kutatások
kezdetben a kreativitás korrelátumaiként egyes agyi régiókat azonosítottak,
például lateralis praefrontalis kéreg, alsó parietalis lebeny, insula, striatum.
Az újabb vizsgálatok már a kiterjedt (az alapértelmezett, a frontoparietalis
végrehajtó és egyéb) agyi hálózatok aktivációját és hatékony funkcionális
kapcsolódását helyezik előtérbe, valamint ezek agyállományi és neurokémiai
szubsztrátumának (szürkeállomány-térfogat, fehérállományi integritás, dopamin)
fontosságát emelik ki, összekapcsolva ellentétes stílusjegyű kognitív
folyamatokkal (flexibilitás, perzisztencia). Mindez a kreativitás koherens
neurobiológiai modelljének körvonalazódása felé mutathat, de egy egyszerűsített
részfolyamatból nyilvánvalóan nem következtethetünk egy valóban komplex jelenség
lényegére. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(18): 683–693.
Hyponatraemia a palliatív ellátásban egy esetbemutatás kapcsán
Authors: Szigeti Nóra , Wittmann István , Csikós Ágnes
Published: May 2023

A palliatív ellátásban a hyponatraemia előfordulása rendkívül gyakori, melyre
hirtelen jelentkező állapotromlás esetén gondolnunk kell. Az ionzavarral
kapcsolatos diagnosztikus és kezelési lépéseket a beteg tünetei és életkilátása
határozzák meg. A nem megfelelő indikációval végzett diagnosztika és kezelés a
betegnek felesleges terhelést, a megfelelően végzett korrekció jelentős
állapotjavulást eredményezhet. A palliatív ellátásban az akut hyponatraemia
nagyon ritka. Leggyakrabban tünetmentes vagy enyhe tünetekkel járó krónikus
hyponatraemiával találkozunk. A tünetmentes betegek ionzavara kezelést nem
igényel. Enyhe tünetek esetén a legalább hónapokban mérhető várható túlélésű
betegeknél a kiváltó ok korrekciója jön szóba. Középsúlyos-súlyos tünetek esetén
a legalább hetekben mérhető várható életkilátású beteg ionzavarát az életminőség
javítása céljából kezeljük. A néhány napos prognózisú, agonizáló betegek
ionzavara kezelést nem igényel. A korai palliatív kezelésben részesülő,
krónikus, súlyos fokú, középsúlyos tüneteket okozó hyponatraemiával észlelt
nőbeteg esetbemutatása kapcsán javaslatot fogalmaztunk meg a leggyakrabban
előforduló ionzavar korrekciójára a mindennapi palliatív ellátásban. Orv Hetil.
2023; 164(18): 713–717.
Estimation of stress-strength reliability for generalized Gompertz distribution under progressive type-II censoring
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Fatma , SARAÇOĞLU Buğra , AKDAM Neriman , AKDOĞAN Yunus
Published: May 2023

In this study, the stress-strength reliability, $R=P(Y
FlexiBERT: Are Current Transformer Architectures too Homogeneous and Rigid?
Authors: Tuli Shikhar , Dedhia Bhishma , Tuli Shreshth , Jha Niraj K.
Published: May 2023

The existence of a plethora of language models makes the problem of selecting the best one for a custom task challenging. Most state-of-the-art methods leverage transformer-based models (e.g., BERT) or their variants. However, training such models and exploring their hyperparameter space is computationally expensive. Prior work proposes several neural architecture search (NAS) methods that employ performance predictors (e.g., surrogate models) to address this issue; however, such works limit analysis to homogeneous models that use fixed dimensionality throughout the network. This leads to sub-optimal architectures. To address this limitation, we propose a suite of heterogeneous and flexible models, namely FlexiBERT, that have varied encoder layers with a diverse set of possible operations and different hidden dimensions. For better-posed surrogate modeling in this expanded design space, we propose a new graph-similarity-based embedding scheme. We also propose a novel NAS policy, called BOSHNAS, that leverages this new scheme, Bayesian modeling, and second-order optimization, to quickly train and use a neural surrogate model to converge to the optimal architecture. A comprehensive set of experiments shows that the proposed policy, when applied to the FlexiBERT design space, pushes the performance frontier upwards compared to traditional models. FlexiBERT-Mini, one of our proposed models, has 3% fewer parameters than BERT-Mini and achieves 8.9% higher GLUE score. A FlexiBERT model with equivalent performance as the best homogeneous model has 2.6× smaller size. FlexiBERT-Large, another proposed model, attains state-of-the-art results, outperforming the baseline models by at least 5.7% on the GLUE benchmark.
DOPPLER OPTICAL PROBE FOR DROP SIZE, VELOCITY, AND FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN ASSISTED ATOMIZATION
Authors: Alonzo M. , Lefebvre A. , Huang Zhujun , Gluck S. , Cartellier A.
Published: May 2023

For research as well as for process control, reliable drop size, velocity, and flux measurements are desirable in particular in dense, high-speed flows. A new optical probe has been recently manufactured by A2 Photonic Sensors company that combines an accurate phase detection capability (its latency
length is small, about 6 µm) with the collection of a Doppler signal that provides the absolute velocity of an incoming gas-liquid interface. In this article, raw signals acquired over diverse flow conditions in terms of gas velocity and liquid concentration are analyzed. A dedicated signal processing routine is then proposed and optimized. The latter provides statistics on drop velocity and size. It also gives
access to local liquid concentration and liquid flux. This Doppler probe combined with its processing has been tested in sprays produced from assisted atomization over a wide range of flow conditions. Transverse profiles of spray characteristics are presented for gas injection velocities ranging from 32 m/s to 283 m/s, for drops Sauter mean diameters D32 varying from 37 µm to 275 µm, and for number densities-as estimated from liquid concentration and D32-comprised between 1 #/mm3 and 218 #/mm3. The Doppler probe happens to be able to consistently detect chords as small as 4 µm, and to ensure a significant (up to 70%) fraction of direct velocity measurements. Besides, the injected liquid flow rate is recovered from the spatial integration of local liquid fluxes within 8% for gas velocities up to 50 m/s and within 17% for gas velocities above 90 m/s. Hence, the new Doppler
probe combined with the proposed processing provides reliable statistics on drop velocity, size, and flux, and is a valuable tool for investigating dense, high-velocity, and fine sprays.
Lexical competition influences coarticulatory variation in French: comparing competition from nasal and oral vowel minimal pairs
Authors: Zellou Georgia , Chitoran Ioana
Published: May 2023

It is hypothesized that the phonological status of a phonetic feature across languages predicts patterns of coarticulatory variation. In French, vowel nasality encodes lexical contrast, e.g. cède /sɛd/ vs. saint /sɛ̃/. Vowel nasality also occurs as coarticulation from nasal consonants (e.g. scènes /sɛn/), though it is minimal in degree arguably due to pressure to maintain the contrast between phonologically oral and nasal vowels. Yet, the extent to which this constraint actively shapes coarticulatory patterns across words within French is underexplored. The present study investigates word-specific coarticulatory variation in French. One prediction is that nasal-coda words (CVNs) with a nasal vowel minimal pair competitor are produced with even less coarticulatory nasalization than CVN words that have no nasal vowel competitor, consistent with a coarticulatory constraint proposal. Yet, a competing hypothesis is that competition from CVC words creates greater confusability for CVNs and that enhanced coarticulatory cues provide robust perceptual cues about what is unique and distinctive about a CVN. Thus, an alternative prediction is that greater coarticulatory nasality will be produced on CVNs when there is a CVC minimal pair competitor. Results from 30 Metropolitan French speakers reveal that lexical competition from nasal vowel competitors predicts coarticulatory variation: CVNs with nasal vowel minimal pairs are produced with less anticipatory nasal coarticulation. Moreover, CVNs with highly frequency nasal vowel competitors are produced with even less anticipatory coarticulatory nasality. These findings have implications for the relationship between phonology and coarticulatory patterning, as well as cognitive mechanisms for lexically-conditioned phonetic variation.
Anaesthetic effects of different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate on common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Gajutos Leah Joyce B. , Gajutos Aurelia B.
Published: May 2023

Sedation of fish before handling and transporting can help curtail undue stress that can affect their health.  This study investigated the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) utilised as an anaesthetic agent for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with an average weight of 13.5 ± 0.55 g. The experimental fish were grouped and exposed to different concentrations at 0, 40, 45 and 50 g L–1 of NaHCO3 dissolved in water. Fishes were bath-immersed in different concentrations of NaHCO3 solution until such time that they became anesthetised. Results showed that induction time and recovery time increases with increasing NaHCO3 concentration. All fish reached complete anaesthesia in more than 3 minutes under a higher concentration of 50 g L–1. No mortality occurred under any of the concentrations tested. The most optimal concentration leading to complete anaesthesia in 2 minutes and recovery in less than 4 minutes was 45 g L–1.  This study showed that NaHCO3 is a potential fish anaesthetic for the common carp.
Ideas of self-government in the Khakas national movement in 1905–1907
Authors:   Khakass Research Institute of Language, Samrina Elena V.
Published: May 2023

The article discusses the ideas of self-government of the province in the national movement of the indigenous people of Minusinsk and Achinsk districts of Yenisei Province during the first revolution in Russia. The article is based on archival materials and published works on the Khakas national movement. The article aims to investigate the causes of the emergence of the national movement and analyze the imperial policy towards the indigenous population. In the course of this research the author has come to the following conclusions. The new government policy for the Russian state was associated with the tasks of empire-building, and for the indigenous people with a significant infringement of their rights to self-government, a reduction in land resources. The idea of self-government was provoked by the government reforms of 1898, as a result of which the system of governance of the indigenous population became part of the volost administration, one with the Russian population of the administration. These moments were the main reasons for the emergence of the national movement. The tribal elite developed program requirements concerning, first of all, self-government and autonomy, certain political rights. The main participants of the movement became the tribal aristocracy, they occupied the posts of heads of departments. Most of them were descendants of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. In the 17th century, when the Russian state began to encroach on the lands of the Yenisei Kyrgyz, they had a strong state formation with the military-political elite and the relationship between them was confrontational. Remembering the former power of their ancestors, the tribal aristocracy resisted the new government policy, which completely deprived them of their self-government. The impulse of the national movement was given by the unification of the clan aristocracy, representatives of the Russian intelligentsia in the person of Arseny Arsenyevich Yarilov and the bourgeoisie in the person of Innokentiy Petrovich Kuznetsov-Krasnoyarskiy. During this period, political ideas had been formed, which were later voiced during the Revolution of 1917.
Language representation of negative emotional states in works by Lyudmila Petrushevskaya
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Krivolutskaya Margarita A.
Published: May 2023

The article presents an interpretation of the linguistic means of expressing negative emotional states in Lyudmila Petrushevskaya’s works included in the collections Don’t Get in a Car with Two People and Wanderings About Death. The aim of this research is to identify the features of the language representation of negative emotional states in Petrushevskaya’s stories. Approximately 400 statements with the semantics of an emotional state were revealed in the collections; 90% of them describe the characters’ negative experiences. The main research methods are descriptive, linguo-stylistic text analysis, and linguistic modeling. The analysis shows that the semantic model of an emotional state is represented by a wide range of language means that express the characters’ negative emotions and experiences: fear, anger, annoyance, grief, sadness, aggression, longing, resentment, despair, etc. The linguistic model of the situation of an emotional state represented in Petrushevskaya’s stories includes three main components – the predicate of the state, the subject and the causator, and two optional components – the locative and the temporative. The peculiarity of an emotional state is that it belongs to unobservable phenomena, limited in time, possessing a static feature and lacking volitional activity of the subject (carrier) of the state. The author describes the linguistic means of representing the main components of the proposition of the state: the predicate, the subject (or carrier) of the state, and the causator; emphasizes the importance of local and temporal characteristics that actualize a particular emotional state; reveals the expressive ways of nominating emotions, which verbalize the writer’s worldview. The author also notes that intensifiers (standard and specific) and various stylistic means promote the linguistic expression of negative emotions: parcellation, rhetorical questions, addresses, lexical repetitions, etc. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that negative emotional states, among which fear prevails (127 statements), are characteristic for Petrushevskaya’s works. The representation of basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness, etc.) shows the writer’s perception of reality: the world is dangerous and cruel. The characters who find themselves in difficult and hopeless situations are on the verge of despair; therefore, in the works, both men and women suffer equally with “anguish”. The linguistic representation of negative emotions in the analyzed stories reflects the general specifics of the writer’s style of narration. Statements with the semantics of an emotional state are full of neologisms, substandard vocabulary, complex constructions, contradictions and oppositions, inappropriate detailing and abrupt transitions.