bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spinal anaesthesia in elderly for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Gautam Binod
Published: May 2018

Background: Prevalence of aging patients appearing for laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat cholelithiasis is ever on the rise. Associated co-morbidities make the elderly prone to peri-operative complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under general anaesthesia.Objectives: This study aims to assess the safety and applicability of spinal anaesthesia for the elderly undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, fifty-four patients of age 65 years or more undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied. Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 15 milligrams was used in spinal anaesthesia to obtain sensory block to fifth thoracic dermatome. Local anaesthetics were instilled intra-peritoneally before surgical dissection. Surgery was performed through three ports with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum at eight mmHg intra-abdominal pressure. Data included demography, co-morbidities, need for analgesics or general anaesthesia, operative and post-operative complications and hospital stay. Univariate analysis for peri-operative events and bivariate analysis for outcome and explanatory variables were done.Results: The mean age was 71.4 years with co-morbidity in 40 patients. Conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred in three patients necessitating general anaesthesia. Surgery was completed laparoscopically under spinal anaesthesia in remaining 51 patients. Increment in intra-abdominal pressure was required in five patients. Six patients needed analgesics for shoulder pain. Intra-operative hypotension and shivering occurred in 15 and four patients respectively. Post-operatively, urinary retention and nausea occurred in four and three patients respectively. Mean hospital stay was 3.2 days.Conclusion: There is no undue risk in spinal anaesthesia for conducting laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly and it is efficient for uncomplicated cholelithiasis with minimal modifications in surgical technique.
Effect of short courses on perception to use of ultrasound in trauma and ICU settings
Authors: Thapa Amit , KC Bidur , Shakya Bikram
Published: May 2018

Background: Since 2012 we have been routinely conducting Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital Ultrasound Trauma Life Support (KUTLS) courses. Unlike detailed examination of an organ with an ultrasound as performed by radiologist, we profess sonoscopic based problem solving approach for the clinician as he uses his stethoscope. The initial skepticism to use of sonoscope in a systematic methodical way has been seen to be fading.Objectives: We conducted a survey to see the change in knowledge and attitude of the clinicians to use of sonoscopy after a short focused but systematic training program.Methodology: We studied the questionnaire based feedback forms of the participants in the last 5 course of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital Ultrasound Trauma Life Support (KUTLS) workshop and analyzed the change in perception and understanding as well as improvement in scores of the post test.Results: A total of 152 delegates actively participated in five sessions workshops since 2012. The most common reasons to attend the workshop was to develop the skill with sonoscope, 95% participant did not have any past experience of sonoscopy. Almost 98% scored more than 75% in the post-workshop test compared to only 33% in the pre-workshop test suggesting fast learning curve among the learners. Almost 100% were convinced with the applicability of the USG and had wished to change their practice.Conclusion: A structured use of sonoscope would be helpful in clinical practice particularly in solving difficult questions urgently in trauma and Intensive Care Unit. Workshops and seminars help change attitude and practice of the participants even with no prior formal training in ultrasound.
Performance of Tomato with Organic Manures in Plastic Tunnel
Authors: Shrestha Shova , Ojha Roshan Babu , Pradhan Navin Gopal , Joshi Bishnu Dash
Published: May 2018

Tomato is one of the most demanded vegetable with increasing trend of commercial cultivation in Nepal. As it is the heavy feeder crop thus soil nutrient management has been always challenging. Since, in modern world organic production has been favored by consumers for many reasons thus we aimed to compare the efficacy of various compost, mineral fertilizers and their combinations in tomato production and soil productivity. For the purpose a field experiment in plastic tunnel was carried out in Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Srijana, a popular tomato hybrid among commercial producers, was purposively selected. Eight treatments (control, recommended doses of chemical fertilizers, compost 15 t ha-1 + cattle urine, compost 10 t ha-1 + cattle urine, compost 12.5 t ha-1 + cattle urine, compost 15 t ha-1 + 1/4 recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, compost 10 t ha-1 + ¾ recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and compost 12.5 t ha-1 + 1/2 recommended dose of chemical fertilizer) were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The result showed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between the plant height and yield of tomato. The treatment with compost dose of 12.5 t ha-1 with half dose of recommended dose of chemical fertilizers produced the highest incremental yield (85% increment) over other treatments followed by compost 15 t ha-1 with cattle urine. Addition of soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, soil potassium by the increasing level of compost though not significant, but increment in carbon content, nitrogen content and potassium content of soil observed in successive years. For commercial producer at plastic tunnel, compost at the rate 12.5 t ha-1 with half dose of recommended level of chemical fertilizer (100:90:40 kg N:P:K ha-1) is recommended to apply in field, while for organic producer, application of 15 tha-1 compost with fermented cattle urine is recommended.
Molecular Confirmation of Salmonella typhimuriumin Poultry from Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Adhikari Sanjeev Kumar , Gyawali Arrogya , Shrestha Sajan , Shrestha Swoyam Prakash , Prajapati Meera , Khanal Doj Raj
Published: May 2018

A prevalence study was carried to isolate Salmonella typhimurium from blood (n= 50) and gut samples (n=100) of poultry in Kathmandu valley during early 2016. Salmonella typhimurium bacteria isolated in the selective media were biochemically confirmed based on Bergey’s Manual. Two sets of oligonucleotide primers-the genus specific 16S rRNA and the organism specific invA were employed for molecular level confirmation by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. The amplified fragments in 1% agarose gel observed at 406bp and 285bp, respectively confirmed the isolates to be Salmonella typhimurium. Of 150 samples tested, Salmonella typhimurium were isolated from 49 samples, among which nine were from blood (18%) and forty from the gut (40%). The present result indicated an alarmingly high level of Salmonella typhimurium, which can result inzoonotic infection in humans owing to increased contact with poultry and consumption of poultry products in the Kathmandu valley.
“GIVE VATICAN II A CHANCE” Sebuah Renungan Pribadi Mengenai Masa Depan Hubungan Oikumenis Protestan-Katolik di Indonesia
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit
Published: May 2018

Experience of encountering and being together with friends of a number of other religious traditions has contributed to changing the way one thinks, speaks and acts. This occurs only when there is a sincere readiness to open oneself to the other while at the same time acknowledging and appreciating plurality in the human family. In the Christian Church, both Catholic and Protestant, this can be understood as a result of the Second Vatican Council. In the context of Indonesia, and more specifically in Jogyakarta and in NTT Province, ecumenical relations between Catholics and Protestants indicate a desire for renewal (aggiornamento) in our common life. This is clear in collaboration between institutes of higher education, such as studying theology together, the use of a common Bible, acceptance of the deuterokanonika, meditation in common, and so forth. In such togetherness the ecclesial unity that Jesus prayed for derives its meaning.

Kata-kata kunci: Perjumpaan, pembaruan, kesatuan, oikumene, tantangan, misi, kontekstualisasi, persaudaraan sejati
SCHULZE’S AENESIDEMUS AND THE FOUNDATION OF PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Tjaya Thomas Hidya
Published: May 2018

Immanuel Kant membangun filsafat kritisnya untuk menjawab pandangan skeptis David Hume mengenai kepastian pengetahuan manusia dan mencoba mendamaikan dua pendekatan yang berbeda terhadap pengetahuan dan tindakan, yakni rasionalisme dan empirisme. Dalam karyanya berjudul Aenesidemus, Gottlob Ernst Schulze mempertanyakan klaim Kant bahwa skeptisisme Hume telah terjawab melalui filsafat kritisnya. Artikel ini pertama-tama membahas teks Aenesidemus dengan memberikan perhatian khusus pada kritik Schulze terhadap pandangan Karl Leonhard Reinhold mengenai ‘fakultas’ representasi dan kegagalan Kant dalam membedakan antara sebab dan syarat pengetahuan. Dalam tanggapannya terhadap karya Schulze ini, Fichte memperlihatkan kesalahpahaman Schulze atas pokok-pokok penting dalam filsafat kritis sekaligus menunjukkan arah filsafat kritis yang hendak ditempuhnya sendiri. Di satu sisi, filsafat kritis memang menuai polemik dengan berbagai kritik dan tanggapan yang mengubah arah filsafat Barat sendiri. Akan tetapi, di sisi lain, seluruh rangkaian peristiwa ini justru memperlihatkan sebuah dialog dalam filsafat sendiri sebagai usaha untuk menemukan fondasi kuat dan mantap atas klaim-klaimnya. Dialog ini menunjukkan keterbukaan filsafat terhadap berbagai bentuk kebenaran yang terus menerus disingkapkan.

Keywords: Schulze, Aenesidemus, Fichte, Kant, critical philosophy, skepticism, Reinhold, faculty of representation.
Liberalisme versus Perfeksionisme? Sebuah Tinjauan Filsafat Politik tentang Relasi Antara Agama dan Negara
Authors: Madung Otto Gusti
Published: May 2018

Intolerance and violence in the name of religion often flare up in Indonesia. In

this regard the state often fails, and indeed itself becomes part of the violation

of the citizen’s right to religious freedom. One root of the problem is a confused

understanding among law enforcers and among a part of the citizenship concerning

the relationship between religion and the state, between private and public

morality. This essay attempts to formulate a concept of the relationship between

religion and the state from the perspective of two models from political philosophy,

namely liberalism and perfectionism.

Perfectionism offers a solution to the pathology of liberalism which tends to privatise

the concept of the good life. In perfectionism the thematisation of the concept of the

good life as in ideologies and religions has to be given a place in the public sphere.

In Indonesia this role is taken by the national ideology of Pancasila. Pancasila

requires that religious values be translated into public morality.

Kata-kata Kunci: liberalisme, perfeksionisme, konsep hidup baik (agama),

negara, Pancasila.
GLOBALISASI EKONOMI, BUDAYA KAPITALIS DAN DEMOKRASI
Authors: Dua Mikhael
Published: May 2018

Globalization, as Anthony Giddens defines it, denotes a shift in the spatial form

of human organization and activity to transcontinental or inter-regional patterns

of activity, interaction and exercise of power. Under the spirit of capitalism, it

can destroy our jobs, hollow out the decision-making power of government, and

even threaten the nation-state as the nub of our kind of democracy. Critics of

globalization worry about the inability of governments to set their own economic

policies. They also worry about the increased power of financial markets to cause

economic havoc. Looking at the ethical proposal to this problematic context, this

article proposes that we move from an ethical study of the rational foundations

of moral norms to a political reflection on the democratic construction of social

norms. In such democratic construction, the plurality of views of life will be

protected against overweening global capitalism.

Kata-kata kunci: Globalisasi, kapitalisme, etika, demokrasi
PIRAMIDA UANG ITU ADALAH PERDAGANGAN ORANG: Eksploitasi Perempuan dan Anak Perempuan
Authors: Nurherwati Sri
Published: May 2018

The author, a member of the National Commission on Violence against Women,

presents data from the Commission on domestic violence and the trafficking of

women and girls over the past dozen years (2001-2013). Through false promises

of well paying jobs and the provision of false documents, the trafficking victims,

often already in debt in their home of origin, are lured into further debt in their

distant place of forced employment. Sexual exploitation is never far from physical

and emotional violence.

Kata-kata Kunci: Komnas Perempuan, korban kekerasan, perdagangan

orang, pelaku kekerasan, pemalsuan, perlindungan TKI.
MENGAPA ORANG KATOLIK MASIH MENJALANKAN RITUAL MARAPU? Menguak Praktik Iman Ganda Di Loura
Authors: Panda Herman Punda
Published: May 2018

The phenomenon of dualism in practising the faith among Catholics who

converted from Sumbanese ethnic religion (Marapu) is a real challenge

faced by the Catholic Church in Sumba. Such dualism is transparent

in the practices of using simultaneously both Catholic and Marapu

rites in the popular religiosity of Sumbanese Catholics. Both Catholic

priests and Marapu ritual leaders are asked by the people, on different

occassions, to perform rituals for their benefit. These two kinds of ritual

leaders are equally considered as mediators of communication between

human beings and the supernatural world. Such a practice reveals a deep

encounter between Catholic and Sumbanese ethnic religion regarding

the form, direction and means of communication between humans

and supernatural beings. The author’s fieldwork at Weepangali in the

district of Sumba Barat Daya, from January to August 2013, reveals a

new concept and understanding of mediation, that is a mixture between

a Catholic concept and a Marapu one. Some supernatural figures in

Marapu religion are equated with those in Catholic devotions. This new

understanding, however, is not formally and institutionally recognized

in either the Marapu or Catholic hierarchies, but rather found more

informally and spontaneously in the religious experience of Sumbanese

Catholics. This phenomenon indicates the strong mutual influence

between Catholic and Marapu experience, after a prolonged and ongoing

encounter.

Kata-kata Kunci: Dunia empiris, dunia meta-empiris, ritual Marapu,

doktrin Katolik, pengalaman religius, pengantaraan, perjumpaan.
GLOBALISASI DAN KONSILI VATIKAN II DI ASIA
Authors: Muller Johannes
Published: May 2018

This paper gives some basic ideas regarding the relationship between globalisation

and the Second Vatican Council in Asia as a starting point for more detailed

studies in the future. The first part discusses the situation of the churches at

the edge of Asian societies and Asian socio-cultural contexts as influenced

by globalisation. Then some social concerns are outlined such as poverty,

authoritarian regimes and ecological dangers where the church and Asian societies

encounter each other. Church engagement in these issues is justified by reference to

a number of Counciliar documents such as the Gaudium et spes Constitution

and the Diginitatis humanae Declaration. The final part outlines a number

of problems such as inculturation, inter-religious dialogue and religious-cultural

dialogue. The author emphasises that this paper is not a theological evaluation,

but rather a sociological one.

Kata-kata Kunci: globalisasi, Konsili Vatikan II, Asia, Gereja, konteks

sosio-budaya, pembangunan.
CREDIT UNION SEBAGAI GERAKAN SOSIAL
Authors: Chang William
Published: May 2018

As a social movement, Credit Unions (CU) display the social, economic and

cultural strength of little people. In line with contemporary developments and the

advance of modern technology, the management of CUs needs to be monitored,

evaluated and adapted to the social, economic and political situation that is

continually changing. Nevertheless, in the midst of change the values of the CU

are perennial and are very much needed in the movement. After looking at the

founding and development, strengthens and weaknesses of the CU, this essay

advances concrete steps for handling them.

Kata-kata kunci: CU, gerakan sosial, kesejahteraan, pembudayaan

nilai-nilai, keadilan, kearifan, keberanian, kejujuran dan tanggungjawab,

tantangan-tantangan CU.
BUDAYA HIDUP SEHAT (Sebuah Tinjauan Bioetis)
Authors: Chang William
Published: May 2018

This paper intends to highlight HIV and AIDS in the context of a culture of healthy living. The initial analysis underlines health care as a key responsibility of each individual. Thus, neglect of this responsibility invites a critique of our way of life which is itself sick. The reasons for and results from HIV and AIDS cannot be ignored. One important step to anticipate and overcome the HIV infection and AIDS sickness is to form an underlying positive attitude and establish a culture of healthy living, which supports a healthy lifestyle, is responsible, and sustains the value of life and healthy living.

Kata-kata kunci: HIV, AIDS, perawatan, kesehatan, budaya, sehat, sikap, positif.
IMIGRAN DAN PERANTAU YANG “GAGAL” DAN PULANG KAMPUNG: Sebuah Firman yang Membangkitkan dari Kitab Rut
Authors: Prior John Mansford
Published: May 2018

This essay details how an “intuitive reading” of the Book of Ruth by a group of HIV carriers from Flores island, Indonesia, renewed their faith. The men caught the virus as economic migrants and then proceeded to give it to their wives on returning home sick. Rejected by family and by many members of the clergy, they have formed their own support group. Coming from the interior, most were not regular church goers before contacting the virus. Some years ago they began reading the Scriptures regularly once a month. They easily identified with Naomi and Ruth, with their failed migration, and with the tactics they were forced to use in order to survive on returning to Bethlehem. Members of the HIV support group, largely unsupported by the institutional Church or by their extended families, have discovered in reading the Bible together a liberating Word that has rekindled a deep personal faith in the God of compassion.

Kata-kata kunci: HIV, perantau, migran, ODHA, Support Group, Syering, Kitab Suci, Rut.
KORUPSI, PATRONASE, DAN DEMOKRASI
Authors: Madung Otto Gusti
Published: May 2018

Corruption involves a self-interested misuse of power. Its effects are wide reaching, in particular on the quality of life of the poor. A corrupt country fails to prepare social assistance for the poor, and also results in the inability to create work opportunities for its citizens. Corruption is usually divided into three categories, namely that which involves an individual’s authority (deceiving, stealing), that which involves two persons acting together (gratification, extortion) and corruption as a system of patronage. This essay focuses on the third model, as the result of the practice of procedural democracy as experienced in Indonesia after the 1998 “Reformation”. In the final section the author suggests that we apply democracy as a popular control of public affairs and as a politics of the citizens’ equality of rights, as put forward by David Beetham, as a solution to the practice of corrupt patronage democacry.
BANALITAS KEJAHATAN KORUPSI DAN AKTIVITAS BERPIKIR
Authors: Koten Yosef Keladu
Published: May 2018

Corruption, understood as the misuse of entrusted power for private gain, has spread to every corner of Indonesia and become engrained in our daily lives. This is partly caused by the failure to think critically and the fear of judging representatively. It seems that members of our society have become thoughtless and are enslaved by human-made systems or rules. They blindly and uncritically follow the rules to the point where stealing money from those who really need it is considered perfectly normal. Here, corruption is an evil that is called banal. Therefore, following Arendt’s way of thinking, this article suggests the enhancement of critical thinking accompanied by an ability of judging representatively in the midst of the homogenization of the process of thinking as a way of reducing or even eradicating corruption.
KORUPSI DAN DEMOKRASI
Authors: Daven Mathias
Published: May 2018

Democracy is often seen as a political system which is capable of lessening or preventing corruption. Countries with a democratic system are regarded as relatively free of corrupt practices. Meanwhile, authoritarian political systems are seen as riddled through with corrupt practices because they are not capable of protecting political officials from such practices. However it is apparent that corruption scandals are frequently encountered in democratic systems. Various corruption scandals that befall politicians in Western Europe, the USA and Japan indicate the reality that democratic procedures are not, on their own, capable of protecting officials from corruption. What calls for debate among academics is: Which aspect of democracy can prevent, and which aspect can permit corrupt practices? How can the relationship between corruption and democracy be explained? This essay is presented as a small contribution to this debate.
SPOTLIGHT Pemenang Oscar “Film Terbaik” MEMBONGKAR KORUPSI SISTEMIK DALAM INSTITUSI GEREJA
Authors: Prior John Mansford
Published: May 2018

This essay begins as a reflection on the Oscar award winning documentary Spotlight which relates how an investigative team of journalists at The Boston Globe in 2002 uncovered the extent of the sexual abuse of minors by clergy in the Archdiocese of Boston, and its systematic cover-up by Church and civic leaders. The investigation moved from a study of individual cases to the corrupt culture endemic in a hierarchical Church run by a caste of “celibate” males. The scandal is global, and remains with us today. The essential shift from the priority of avoiding scandal (and thus covering-up) to the placing of the victim at the centre, has yet to become consistent policy. Spotlight’s relevance to the Indonesian Church’s culture of silence is clear. Urgency demands acknowledgement of past and present failure, and immediate action to protect minors, punish offending priests, and put bishops who cover-up on trial. The clericalistic culture, so frequently condemned by Pope Francis, needs dismantling.
SPIRITUALITAS TEMPAT KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI KEEFEKTIFAN ORGANISASI
Authors: . Lianto , Chang William
Published: May 2018

The main purpose of this research is to explore the deepest significance of workplace spirituality. The importance of this spirituality makes a more productive contribution to the workplace. Spiritual values motivate workers to dedicate themselves more for a better atmosphere of work. A critical literature review shows us that each organization should be spiritual-friendly. Workplace spirituality can increase individual creativity, organizational citizenship, sense of self-fulfillment of employees, honesty, trust, and organizational commitment. In short, the organizations that encourage workplace spirituality will experience enhanced organizational performance.
TEOLOGI PARA KUDUS: INSPIRASI BERTEOLOGI PADA MASA KINI
Authors: Olla Paulinus Yan
Published: May 2018

This study explores the nature of “The theology of the saints”

and its contribution to theological inquiry today. John Paul II in his

Apostolic Letter, Novo Millennio Ineunte (2001) officially applied the

term “lived theology” to the lives of the saints. This kind of theology,

known as scientia amoris (knowledge of faith through an experience of

love), is not in opposition to classical theological reflection as scientia

fidei (knowledge of faith through reason). Regarding the formulation

of ideas, on one side, the mystic saints usually express their “lived

theology” through the language of symbols or metaphor. In this way,

they enrich scientific and technical theological expressions in classical

theology. Finally, the theology of saints can also help to inspire our way

of doing theology. The point is, theological research should count on

lived experience as its strating point rather than abstractions about God.

Keywords: Theologians, saints, holiness, mysticism, symbolic.

Artikel ini menempatkan “teologi para kudus” sebagai

titik awal penyelidikan teologi dewasa ini. Yohanes Paulus II dalam

Surat Apostoliknya, Novo Millennio Ineunte (2001) telah secara resmi

menerapkan istilah ini untuk menerangkan kehidupan para kudus

sebagai “teologi hidup”. Teologi semacam ini, yang dikenal juga

sebagai scientia amoris (pengetahuan iman melalui pengalaman cinta),

tidak bertentangan dengan refleksi teologis klasik sebagai scientia fidei

(pengetahuan tentang iman berdasarkan akal budi). Orang-orang mistik

suci biasanya mengekspresikan “teologi hidup” mereka melalui bahasa

simbol atau beberapa ungkapan metafora. Dengan cara itu, mereka

memperkaya ungkapan teologis dan teknik berteologi. Akhirnya, teologi

para kudus dapat berkontribusi terhadap setiap upaya melakukan

teologi. Intinya ialah bahwa penelitian teologis harus mengandalkan

pengalaman hidup sebagai titik acuan dan bukan hanya abstraksi akan

Tuhan.

Kata-kata kunci: Teolog, para kudus, kesucian, mistik, simbolis.
PIERRE TEILHARD DE CHARDIN IMAM DI TENGAH PERANG
Authors: Firmanto Antonius Denny
Published: May 2018

World War I was a horrifying episode in human history. Some,

however, saw past the brutality of the fighting, the squalid conditions of

the trenches, and the excessive casualties on both sides, and instead saw

God. World War I led to questions about humanity and its meaning.

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was one of thousands of clergy, religious, and

seminarians who experienced World War I as a conscript in Northern

France.

Keywords: priest, élan vital, war

Perang Dunia I adalah salah satu periode yang paling mengerikan

dalam sejarah manusia. Kendatipun demikian, di tengah kondisi nan

brutal seperti itu sesungguhnya orang masih sanggup menemukan Allah.

Perang Dunia I, bagaimanapun, menimbulkan pertanyaan mendasar

tentang kemanusiaan dan maknanya. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin adalah

salah satu dari ribuan klerus, religius, dan seminaris yang mengalami

Perang Dunia I sebagai prajurit di Perancis Utara.

Kata-kata kunci: imam, elan vital, perang
MASALAH SAMPAH DAN BUDAYA PEMISKINAN (Studi Kasus Sampah di Maumere) | WASTE AND THE CULTURE OF IMPOVERISHMENT (Case Study on Waste in Maumere)
Authors: Klau Amandus Benediktus Seran
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Waste is generated by humans from a production

process, both industrial and household. Waste is what’s left

over from daily activities and is considered useless. However,

when waste is recycled and reprocessed into something useful,

waste obtains an economic value again. And so, piles of waste

are simultaneously changed not only into arenas where the poor

compete, but also into arenas where humans prey on each other.

On piles of waste, we find never-ending poverty, which is prepared

by the state and permitted by the Church. On piles of waste, we

find an enduring culture of poverty.Using qualitative methods and

a case-study approach, this study aims to uncover the practice of

enduring poverty in the town of Maumere.

Keywords: waste, scavengers, culture of impoverishment.

Abstrak: Sampah adalah buangan yang dihasilkan manusia dari

suatu proses produksi, baik industri maupun rumah tangga. Sampah

merupakan sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia yang dianggap

sudah tidak berguna. Namun, ketika sampah harus didaur ulang

dan diolah kembali menjadi sesuatu yang berguna, sampah pun

kembali mempunyai nilai ekonomis. Ketika itu, tumpukan sampah

serentak berubah tidak saja menjadi arena adu nasib, tetapi juga

arena saling memangsa. Di atas tumpukan sampah, kita temukan

praktik pemiskinan tanpa akhir, yang dikondisikan oleh negara

dan dibiarkan oleh Gereja. Di atas tumpukan sampah, ditemukan

budaya pemiskinan yang langgeng di Kota Maumere. Dengan

menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan studi kasus,

penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan praktik pemiskinan tanpa

akhir tersebut.

Kata-kata kunci: sampah, pemulung, budaya pemiskinan.
PERSOALAN SAMPAH DALAM TERANG PEMIKIRAN ISLAM (Sebuah Catatan Evaluatif terhadap Status Manusia sebagai Abdi Allah dan Khalifah) | THE PROBLEM OF GARBAGE IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT (Notes on the Status of Men and Women as Servants of God and as Caliphs)
Authors: Maku Hendrikus
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The problem of garbage is the issue of how human

beings understand and bring alive the concept of himself or

herself. Islam as a Gospel of Action has a certain perspective

about human beings and the environment. Human beings, as

written in some letters and hadith, are the most perfect part of

God’s creation (kāmil) to whom two status are attributed, namely

servant of God and Caliph. As servant of God and as Caliph,

human beings are God’s chosen creation who are entrusted to

take care of the universe. If so, then the problem of garbage which

arises from the brutality of humans is a provocation attacking the

status of human beings as the servant of God and Caliph.

Keywords: Garbage, Islam, God, the servant of God, Caliph,

human beings.

Abstrak: Persoalan sampah adalah persoalan tentang bagaimana

manusia memahami dan menghidupi konsep tentang dirinya.

Islam sebagai agama amal memiliki perspektif tertentu mengenai

manusia dan lingkungannya. Manusia, sebagaimana tersurat

dalam beberapa surat dan hadit adalah ciptaan Allah yang paling

sempurna (kāmil), padanya diatributkan status sebagai Abdi

Allah dan Khalifah. Sebagai Abdi Allah dan Khalifah, manusia

adalah ciptaan pilihan Allah yang dipercayakan untuk merawat

alam semesta. Kalau demikian, maka persoalan sampah yang lahir

dari rahim kebiadaban manusia adalah sebuah gugatan terhadap

jati diri manusia sebagai Abdi Allah dan Khalifah.

Kata-kata kunci: sampah, Islam, Allah, abdi Allah, Khalifah,

lingkungan hidup, manusia.
LATAR BELAKANG, WARNA DASAR, DAN PENGARUH REFORMASI PROTESTAN TAHUN 1517 | BACKGROUND, BASIC CONTOURS AND IMPACT OF THE 1517 PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Authors: Kirchberger George Ludwig
Published: May 2018

Abstract: This article illustrates the background of. and reasons

for, the Reformation, the basic contours of Luther’s theology

and the Reformation movement he initiated, and the influence

of the Reformation movement on the present situation. A brief

description of the post-Reformation inter-Christian Church

controversies for approximately 400 years is also presented,

highlighting the fact that the theology of the time was unaware

of the contextual influence of a text as the deepest reason for the

controversy. The hermeneutical consciousness of the twentieth

century led theology to overcome various inter-Christian

Church controversies by showing that different and seemingly

contradictory formulas could express the same truth, provided that

each was placed in its original context. The author proposes as an

example of the influence of the events of the Reformation on the

present situation, the very important issue of religious freedom in

situations such as Indonesia with a variety of religions and beliefs.

In concluding the author gives advice on how different Christian

Churches can learn from each other, so that they remain active

in renewing the Church according to the ecclesia semper reformanda

principle.

Keywords: Reformation, Martin Luther, ecumenical, interChristian

Church relationship, World Council of Churches.

Abstrak: Artikel ini menggambarkan latar belakang dan alasan

peristiwa Reformasi, warna dasar teologi Luther dan gerakan

Reformasi yang dibangunnya, serta pengaruh gerakan Reformasi

terhadap situasi dewasa ini. Deskripsi singkat kontroversi

antar-Gereja Kristen pasca-Reformasi selama kurang lebih 400

tahun juga dimuat di sini dengan menampilkan kenyataan

bahwa teologi waktu itu tidak menyadari pengaruh konteks

atas suatu teks sebagai alasan terdalam lahirnya kontroversi

itu. Kesadaran hermeneutis membuat teologi pada abad XX itu

sanggup mengatasi pelbagai kontroversi antar-Gereja Kristen

dengan membuktikan, rumusan yang berbeda dan bertentangan

bisa menyatakan kebenaran yang sama, asalkan masing-masing

ditempatkan dalam konteksnya yang asli. Sebagai suatu contoh

pengaruh peristiwa Reformasi atas situasi dewasa ini, pengarang

mengemukakan kebebasan beragama yang sangat penting dalam

situasi seperti di Indonesia dengan anekaragam agama dan

kepercayaan. Pada tempat terakhir penulis memberikan anjuran

tentang bagaimana Gereja-gereja Kristen yang berbeda bisa saling

belajar, agar mereka tetap aktif membarui Gereja seturut prinsip

ecclesia semper reformanda.

Kata-kata kunci: reformasi, Martin Luther, ekumene, relasi

antar-Gereja Kristen, World Council of Churches.
Influencing the Mechanical Properties of Engine and Vehicle Constructions Alloy with Laser Surface Heating
Authors: Kuchariková Lenka , Tillová Eva , Belan Juraj , Závodská Denisa
Published: May 2018

The self-hardening aluminum alloys are interesting for producers of casting, because these materials have the required properties without using heat treatment. This casts production result in the following advantages: energy saving, reduction of the costs, no permanent deformation, largest casting dimensions possible, and so on. Nevertheless, it is well known that improvement of mechanical properties and structure of aluminum alloys can often significantly increase the lifetime of casting and reduce costs for fuel and reduction of environmental loading. The basic and energy saving method for improvement of mechanical properties of self-hardened alloys is surface hardening. Surface hardening improves properties such as: corrosion resistance, wear resistance and hardness. In regards this facts great interest in reducing the cost of components makes a great opportunity for use laser surface processing. Therefore this article deals with using laser surface heating and evaluations its influence onto mechanical properties of self-hardening ENAC-71100, i.e. AlZn10Si8Mg cast alloy. This alloy is especially used for engine and vehicle constructions, hydraulic unit and mound so the surface properties are important for application in industries. The results show that laser surface heating have influence on properties, but well defined conditions of heating are very important.
C-Reactive protein in hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor: A prospective observational study
Authors: Alam Md Zahid , Rahman Aparna , Hoque Shabnam Jahan , Hossain Mohammad Shakhawat , Ara Rowsan , Safdar AMB , Irfan SM Rezaul , Khan MM Zahurul Alam , Mohibullah AKM
Published: May 2018

Background and objective : C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known inflammatory biomarker and is associated with cardiovascular risk. Our objective was to see whether it is also associated with hypertension and its complications.Methodology : This prospective observational study was carried out in general outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary level hospital on a total of 112 patients, among them 71 were hypertensive and 41 were normotensive. Baseline CRP was measured in all subjects and followed them up to six months to see any association between the level of CRP and hypertensive complications.Results : It is found that mean CRP was 2.923 (± 0.294) in hypertensive subjects and 1.058 (± 0.330) in normotensive subjects. No association is found between level of CRP and hypertensive complications.Conclusion : CRP is raised in hypertension. But it is not established that its level can predict the complication of hypertension.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 3-6
A case of Myasthenia Gravis masquerading as GBS
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Mallick Uzzwal Kumar , Sultana Shemu , Azam Silfat , Hoque Md Shamsul , Kabir Masud , Hossain M Sakhawat , Haque Kazi Ikramul , Mumtaz Farhana
Published: May 2018

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neurologic disease that affects the post synaptic portion of the neuromuscular junction. Usually MG occur in young adults or in the elderly characterized by weakness of fatigue of skeletal muscles due to repetitive use.1-2 It represents a challenge for clinicians due to the diversity of disease manifestations. It is therefore important to monitor the neuromuscular blockade (NMB) due to the multiple presentations of MG. In our case the patient presented with clinical features suggestive of Guillen Barre Syndrome (GBS) which is an autoimmune disease against myelin nerve sheath. Initially he was planned to be treated as GBS because of it’s unusual descending paralysis like presentation. Nerve conduction studies were done a few times and were found to be normal. Anti acetylcholine receptor antibody test was found positive. Plane X Ray of chest and CT scan of Chest showed a mediastinal mass suggestive of Thymoma. Patient recovered dramatically after receiving treatment for Myasthenia Gravis.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 54-56
Road traffic injury among pedestrians: an emerging research focus in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Rahman Farial Naima , Rahman Md Zubaidur , Biswas Prodip
Published: May 2018

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are responsible for greatest number of injuries and fatalities world wide by killing around 1.2 million people each year and injuring 50 million. Pedestrians are the most common victims of RTAs.Objectives: This study has been done to find out the epidemiological factors, socio demographic characteristics and the clinical injury pattern among pedestrians injured by Road Traffic Accidents in Dhaka City.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study done from December 2015 to September 2016 at three tertiary level referral hospital in Dhaka. One hundred fifty two (pedestrians) were selected purposively as research sample with 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval. The primary data was collected from the patients who were discharged from hospital by face to face exit interview using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Among 152 pedestrian victims interviewed; 88(58%) were male. Maximum accidents occurred at daytime 63 (41.45 %), and on city main roads 68 (44 %). Highest number of accidents were caused by buses 44 (36.09 %) and highest incidence of RTA 60(39.47%) was observed among the age group 21 to 30 yrs. Most of the victims 129( 84.85%) were knocked down by the vehicles while crossing the roads (hit and run injury), 114(75.00%) were from earning group below 15,000 taka per month, 121(79.61%) never use foot over bridge, 78(51.32)% were using mobile phone while crossing the road. 152(100%) victims had multiple abrasion and bruise, 94(61.84%) had lacerations, 64(42.10%) had fracture of upper limb bones, 53(34.87%) had fracture of lower limb bones and 53(34.87%) had haematoma in soft tissue over skull.Conclusion: Road accident and its severity can be prevented by strict application of traffic rules , motivation of public and proper training of drivers.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 11-15
Antibiotic resistance pattern in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a private Medical College Hospital
Authors: Siddiqua Mahmuda , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , Akter Sonia , Ferdousi Reena Saad
Published: May 2018

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, motile, gram negative rod that belongs to the family, Pseudomonadaceae. They are often multidrug resistant due to intrinsic and acquired determinants. Continued emergence of resistance among P. aeruginosa to common antimicrobial drugs has been reported world-wide.Objectives: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance as well as susceptibility patterns of isolates of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens.Materials & Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from 4489 different clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of each isolate was carried out by the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method as per guidelines of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).Results: Majority of isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from specimens of wound swab 89 (64.5%), pus 18 (13.05%), and urine 17 (13.1%). The isolated pathogens showed high resistance (91% to 96%) to cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime. Resistance rates to cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and gentamicin varied from 47% to 88%. All the isolates were comparatively better susceptible to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem ranges from 76% to 87%.Conclusion: The results confirmed the occurrence of drug resistance of P. aeruginosa to anti-pseudomonal drugs. Imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, judicious and rational treatment prescription is needed by the physicians to limit the further spread of antimicrobial resistance among the P. aeruginosa.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 16-19
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with polyetheretherketone cages in the management of single and double level cervical spondylotic myelopathy-our experiences of 80 cases
Authors: Islam Md Anowarul , Hossain Mohd Alamgir , Iqbal Ahmed Asif , Parvez Md Qumruzzaman , Ahsanuzzaman Md , Ahammed Sayeed
Published: May 2018

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) is challenging with respect to both patient selection and choice of surgical procedure.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with an artificial cage made of polyetheretherketoneMaterials & Methods: From January 2012 to January 2017, 80 consecutive patients referred to the Department of spine surgery, Bangabandhu Shekh Mujib Medical University were recruited for the study. Postoperative Clinical outcome assessed with Nurick scale for myelopathy, Odom's criteria for functional outcome and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for both neck and arm pain. Radiological fusion was assessed by X-ray. Operative complications were reported.Results: 36 patients were operated for one level discectomy and fusion with PEEK cages and 44 patients for two levels. There were 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females. The age of the patients ranged from 30-72 years, a mean ± SD 45 ± 8.34. At the 2 years clinical follow-up, there were significant post operative improvements of Nurick scale, and VAS comparative to preoperative record. According to Odom's criteria, 72/80 patients (90%) were graded excellent-good.Conclusion: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage is an effective treatment of cervical myelopathy having higher fusion rate and lack of donor site morbidity.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 32-34
Effect of multiple cervical facet joint intra-articular steroid injection for early mobilization of cervical spine in early cervical predominant ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Md Shahadat , Mandal Muhammad Alamgir , Hossain Md Zakir , Ullah Md Ahsan , Ahmed Syed Mozaffar
Published: May 2018

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have also been described as causes of facet joint pain. Image-guided injection of local anesthetic and steroid into the facet joint aims to break this vicious cycle and stop the inflammatory reaction involving facet joints in AS.Objectives: Image-guided injection of local anesthetic and steroid into the facet joint aims to break this vicious cycle and stop the inflammatory reaction involving facet joints in AS.Materials & Methods: Obtaining an informed consent, the procedure was performed with strict aseptic precautions and intra-procedural vital parameters were monitored.Results: After 7 days of extensive rehabilitation program, the ROM in all direction was dramatically improved with significant improvement of pain. Regarding VAS, during 1st visit it was 8, after 30 min of injection the score became 6 (25% improvement) and after one week, the score became 2 (75% improvement).Conclusion: Multiple intra-articular cervical facet joint steroid injection is very much effective in acute facet joint synovitis in cervical predominant early AS for starting early rehabilitation program.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 39-40
Electron–Positron Pair Flow and Current Composition in the Pulsar Magnetosphere
Authors: Brambilla Gabriele , Kalapotharakos Constantinos , Timokhin Andrey N. , Harding Alice K. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: May 2018

We perform ab initio particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of a pulsar magnetosphere with electron–positron plasma produced only in the regions close to the neutron star surface. We study how the magnetosphere transitions from the vacuum to a nearly force-free configuration. We compare the resulting force-free-like configuration with those obtained in a PIC simulation where particles are injected everywhere as well as with macroscopic force-free simulations. We find that, although both PIC solutions have similar structure of electromagnetic fields and current density distributions, they have different particle density distributions. In fact, in the injection from the surface solution, electrons and positrons counterstream only along parts of the return current regions and most of the particles leave the magnetosphere without returning to the star. We also find that pair production in the outer magnetosphere is not critical for filling the whole magnetosphere with plasma. We study how the current density distribution supporting the global electromagnetic configuration is formed by analyzing particle trajectories. We find that electrons precipitate to the return current layer inside the light cylinder and positrons precipitate to the current sheet outside the light cylinder by crossing magnetic field lines, contributing to the charge density distribution required by the global electrodynamics. Moreover, there is a population of electrons trapped in the region close to the Y-point. On the other hand, the most energetic positrons are accelerated close to the Y-point. These processes can have observational signatures that, with further modeling effort, would help to distinguish this particular magnetosphere configuration from others.
As percepções dos licenciandos em química sobre a carreira do magistério: um estudo sobre o processo de aprendizagem docente
Authors: Braga Laudelina
Published: May 2018

Esta pesquisa analisa as percepções dos licenciandos de química do Instituto Federal de Goiás – Campus Uruaçu em relação à formação inicial. A investigação pretende refletir sobre a formação inicial de professores e a aprendizagem docente. O foco do estudo será voltado para a influência/relação das percepções dos acadêmicos para com a formação inicial na Licenciatura em Química, bem como as motivações destes em seguirem a profissão docente. Visando a cumprir os objetivos propostos, serão analisadas as falas dos licenciandos em quatro níveis de percepção de análise sistematizados pelo instrumento FAD (Focos da Aprendizagem Docente), os quais são: (1) interesse; (2) conhecimento; (3) reflexão; (4) comunidade. As análises e discussões das percepções dos licenciandos a partir dos FAD indicam que as percepções dos licenciandos em relação à formação inicial contém elementos que influenciam o processo da aprendizagem docente dos professores em formação em um e mais focos constituintes dos FAD em graus diferenciados. Identificamos grande influência dos seguintes focos: interesse pela docência (Foco 1), conhecimento prático da docência (Foco 2) e também reflexão sobre a docência (Foco 3).