bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl, Olefin and Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Carbonyl, olefins, and phosphines are fundamental ligands in organometallic complex chemistry. Complexes containing these ligands are discussed in detail in this chapter. The bond between a transition metal (M) and a carbonyl ligand (CO) consists of both σ-donation and π-back-donation. The wavenumber of the stretching vibration of the CO bond (νCO) in the infrared absorption spectrum of a transition metal carbonyl complex is a very useful indicator of the strength of the M–CO bond. Estimation of the relative strength of the M–CO bond from the νCO value of carbonyl complexes is explained. The coordination of olefin ligands is similar to that of a carbonyl: the coordination consists of both σ-donation and π-back-donation. In the case of an olefin ligand, the relative contributions of σ-donation and π-back-donation depend on the oxidation state of the transition metal, the other ligands on the metal, the character of the olefin substituents and other factors, and are explained in this chapter. Phosphines (PR3) are widely used in organometallic chemistry. By changing the kind of phosphine, the electronic state and steric environment of the central metal can be appropriately tuned. The relationship of the electron-donating property of R with the basicity of the phosphine ligand, and how this affects the electron density on the transition metal, are explained. Tolman's cone angle, used to estimate the steric effects of phosphine ligands, is also explained.
Nobel Prizes Relating to Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Osakada Kohtaro
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents fascinating insights into the research that earned its investigators Nobel Prizes in the field of organometallic chemistry: Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta for olefin polymerization catalysts (1963), Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson for sandwich compounds (1973), Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa for electrically conductive polymers (2000), William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori and K. Barry Sharpless for asymmetric catalysis (2001), Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock for olefin metathesis (2005), and Richard F. Heck, Eiichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (2010).
In situ photothermal deflection spectroscopy revealing intermolecular interactions upon self-assembly of dye monolayers
Authors: Hupfer Maximilian L. , Herrmann-Westendorf Felix , Dietzek Benjamin , Presselt Martin
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate the potential of photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) to study the self-assembly of dye monolayers in situ.
Development and validation of a RP-UPLC method for the determination of betamethasone dipropionate impurities in topical formulations using a multivariate central composite design
Authors: Muchakayala Siva Krishna , Pavithra Kommera , Katari Naresh Kumar , Marisetti Vishnu M. , Dongala Thirupathi , Vegesna Raju V. K.
Published: July 2021

A QbD based UPLC method for the determination of impurities present in cream and ointment formulations of betamethasone dipropionate (BMD).
Novel methodology for anodic stripping voltammetric sensing of heavy-metal ions using Ti3C2Tx nanoribbons
Authors: Yi Yinhui , Ma Yuzhi , Ai Fengxiang , Xia Yixuan , Lin Huiyu , Zhu Gangbing
Published: July 2021

Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoribbons were prepared to develop a novel methodology for anodic stripping voltammetric sensing of heavy-metal ions without an electrodeposition process.
A metal–organic cage-based nanoagent for enhanced photodynamic antitumor therapy
Authors: Li Wen-Yan , Zhao Chao-Wei , Zhang Yue-Feng , Guan Qun , Wan Jing-Jing , Ma Jian-Ping , Li Yan-An , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: July 2021

A Pd6L8(NO3)5.4(ICG)6.6-based nanoagent (ICG = indocyanine green) displays a highly efficient antitumor activity due to its enhanced NIR light-triggered 1O2 generation, high cellular uptake, and selective lysosome-targeting ability.
Palladium catalyzed cascade umpolung allylation/acetalation for the construction of quaternary 3-amino oxindoles
Authors: Sun Xi-Shang , Chang Xin , Shi Li-Min , Wang Zuo-Fei , Wei Liang , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: July 2021

A highly diastereoselective synthesis of quaternary 3-amino oxindolesviaa palladium catalyzed three-component cascade umpolung allylation/acetalation process has been developed. The current method could be extended to cascade umpolung allenylation/acetalation.
Assessing the effects of increasing conjugation length on exciton diffusion: from small molecules to the polymeric limit
Authors: de Sousa Leonardo Evaristo , de Paiva Laura Simonassi Raso , da Silva Filho Demétrio Antônio , Sini Gjergji , de Oliveira Neto Pedro Henrique
Published: July 2021

CAM-B3LYP estimate of the exciton diffusion lengths considering quantum yield values ranging from 0.02 to 0.08.
Energetics and optimal molecular packing for singlet fission in BN-doped perylenes: electronic adiabatic state basis screening
Authors: Singh Anurag , Humeniuk Alexander , Röhr Merle I. S.
Published: July 2021

Treating singlet fission (SF) as a non-adiabatic transition, the SF rate has been approximated as the length squared of the non-adiabatic coupling vector between eigenfunctions of the diabatic Hamiltonian.
Dichotomy between heterotypic and homotypic interactions by a common chemical law
Authors: Lacroix Jérôme J.
Published: July 2021

This study introduces a general correction to the classical chemical rate law to avoid overestimating the frequency of homotypic interactions.
Synthesis of thiazolidin-4-ones from α-enolic dithioesters and α-halohydroxamates
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Wang Taimin , Zhu Xuecheng , Xu Wei , Cheng Bin , Zhai Hongbin
Published: July 2021

A facile access to thiazolidin-4-ones from α-enolic dithioesters and α-halohydroxamates in situ derived active 1,3-dipolar aza-oxyallyl cations was achieved under mild conditions.
Straightforward synthesis of chiral non-racemic α-boryl isocyanides
Authors: Fini Francesco , Zanni Alessandro , Introvigne Maria Luisa , Stucchi Mattia , Caselli Emilia , Prati Fabio
Published: July 2021

A concise synthesis of chiral non-racemic α-boryl isocyanides is achieved. α-Ammonium boronates and N-formylamido boronic acid MIDA-esters were exploited as key intermediates.
Photosensitizer–peptoid conjugates for photoinactivation of Gram-negative bacteria: structure–activity relationship and mechanistic studies
Authors: Yang Woojin , Yoon Younggun , Lee Yunjee , Oh Hyeongyeol , Choi Jieun , Shin Sujin , Lee Seongsoo , Lee Hohjai , Lee Yunho , Seo Jiwon
Published: July 2021

A library of peptoid-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) agents was prepared, and the structural requirement for efficient aPDT was disclosed.
Photo-liberated amines for N-carboxyanhydride (PLANCA) ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Goodrich Sofia L. , Hill Megan R. , Olson Rebecca A. , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: July 2021

Photo-liberated amines for N-carboxyanhydride (PLANCA) ring-opening polymerization affords narrow molecular weights, chain-end retention, and the formation of block copolypeptides.
Controllable growth of interpenetrating or random copolymer networks
Authors: Chatterjee Rayan , Biswas Santidan , Yashin Victor V. , Aizenberg Michael , Aizenberg Joanna , Balazs Anna C.
Published: July 2021

Interpenetrating and random copolymer networks, vital in a number of industrial applications, including the fabrication of automotive parts, damping materials, and tissue engineering scaffolds, can be grown from an initial primary gel seed.
Capillary pressure, osmotic pressure and bubble contact areas in foams
Authors: Höhler Reinhard , Seknagi Jordan , Kraynik Andrew
Published: July 2021

The capillary pressure of foams and emulsions is the difference between the average pressure in the dispersed phase and the pressure in the continuous phase.
Unravelling the structural complexity of protein–lipid interactions with neutron reflectometry
Authors: Clifton Luke A.
Published: July 2021

Neutron reflectometry (NR) is a large-facility technique used to examine structure at interfaces. In this brief review an introduction to the utilisation of NR in the study of protein–lipid interactions is given. Cold neutron beams penetrate matter deeply, have low energies, wavelengths in the Ångstrom regime and are sensitive to light elements. High differential hydrogen sensitivity (between protium and deuterium) enables solution and sample isotopic labelling to be utilised to enhance or diminish the scattering signal of individual components within complex biological structures. The combination of these effects means NR can probe buried structures such as those at the solid–liquid interface and encode molecular level structural information on interfacial protein–lipid complexes revealing the relative distribution of components as well as the overall structure. Model biological membrane sample systems can be structurally probed to examine phenomena such as antimicrobial mode of activity, as well as structural and mechanistic properties peripheral/integral proteins within membrane complexes. Here, the example of the antimicrobial protein α1-purothionin binding to a model Gram negative bacterial outer membrane is used to highlight the utilisation of this technique, detailing how changes in the protein/lipid distributions across the membrane before and after the protein interaction can be easily encoded using hydrogen isotope labelling.
Bilingual Supports for Clinicians: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Núñez Giselle , Buren Molly , Diaz-Vazquez Liliana , Bailey Tara
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify and define the support and needs of bilingual speech-language pathologists working in one urban school district and to investigate the experiences of the clinicians engaged in a professional learning community (PLC) format within their public school system.

Method

Twenty-three bilingual speech-language pathologists met in a PLC over the course of 5 months, with a total of four sessions that were a mix of in person and virtual. The participants engaged in group discussions and activities alongside their peers to address self-identified areas of support and need. Additionally, initial and final focus group and exit slip data following the PLC were collected to inform the discussion topics of the PLC and gather final impressions. Constant comparative analysis was utilized to analyze focus group and exit slip data.

Results

When looking across the experiences of the clinicians in the district, the three themes that emerged from the data were systemic obstacles, professional obstacles, and supports. The three themes that emerged from the speech-language pathologists' experiences in the PLC included their positive experiences, the challenges with participation, and the positive outcomes from exposure to new techniques and learning platforms.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that bilingual clinicians benefit from a PLC model when addressing specific areas of need.
A deep learning method to estimate magnetic fields in solar active regions from photospheric continuum images
Authors: Bai Xianyong , Liu Hui , Deng Yuanyong , Jiang Jie , Guo Jingjing , Bi Yi , Feng Tao , Jin Zhenyu , Cao Wenda , Su Jiangtao , Ji Kaifan
Published: July 2021

Context. The magnetic field is the underlying cause of solar activities. Spectropolarimetric Stokes inversions have been routinely used to extract the vector magnetic field from observations for about 40 years. In contrast, the photospheric continuum images have an observational history of more than 100 years.

Aims. We suggest a new method to quickly estimate the unsigned radial component of the magnetic field, |Br|, and the transverse field, Bt, just from photospheric continuum images (I) using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN).

Methods. Two independent models, that is, I versus |Br| and I versus Bt, are trained by the CNN with a residual architecture. A total of 7800 sets of data (I, Br and Bt) covering 17 active region patches from 2011 to 2015 from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager are used to train and validate the models.

Results. The CNN models can successfully estimate |Br| as well as Bt maps in sunspot umbra, penumbra, pore, and strong network regions based on the evaluation of four active regions (test datasets). From a series of continuum images, we can also detect the emergence of a transverse magnetic field quantitatively with the trained CNN model. The three-day evolution of the averaged value of the estimated |Br| and Bt from continuum images follows that from Stokes inversions well. Furthermore, our models can reproduce the nonlinear relationships between I and |Br| as well as Bt, explaining why we can estimate these relationships just from continuum images.

Conclusions. Our method provides an effective way to quickly estimate |Br| and Bt maps from photospheric continuum images. The method can be applied to the reconstruction of the historical magnetic fields and to future observations for providing the quick look data of the magnetic fields.
On negative mass cosmology in General Relativity
Authors: Nájera Sebastián , Gamboa Aldo , Aguilar-Nieto Alejandro , Escamilla-Rivera Celia
Published: July 2021

In this Letter we present strong arguments in favour of thoroughly revising the negative mass cosmology (NMC), which has been proposed as a simple alternative explanation of dark energy and dark matter effects, within the framework of general relativity. We show that there are various physical predictions of this model which require fine-tuning in order to make them compatible with current cosmological surveys. In this way, the original motivation of the NMC model becomes obscured due to the imposition of fine-tuned unknown variables. We conclude that a more rigorous theoretical treatment is needed in order to make the NMC a viable cosmological model.
A reaction network approach to the convergence to equilibrium of quantum Boltzmann equations for Bose gases
Authors: Craciun Gheorghe , Tran Minh-Binh
Published: July 2021

When the temperature of a trapped Bose gas is below the Bose-Einstein transition temperature and above absolute zero, the gas is composed of two distinct components: the Bose-Einstein condensate and the cloud of thermal excitations. The dynamics of the excitations can be described by quantum Boltzmann models. We establish a connection between quantum Boltzmann models and chemical reaction networks. We prove that the discrete differential equations for these quantum Boltzmann models converge to an equilibrium point. Moreover, this point is unique for all initial conditions that satisfy the same conservation laws. In the proof, we then employ a toric dynamical system approach, similar to the one used to prove the global attractor conjecture, to study the convergence to equilibrium of quantum kinetic equations.
Croire au diable ? Une pratique d’exorcisme comme pare-psychose. À propos d’un cas
Authors: Cochennec Yves , Martin-Mattera Patrick
Published: July 2021

Des travaux psychanalytiques contemporains français font du Mal une mauvaise rencontre. Les exemples cliniques portent le plus souvent sur des cas de patients en demande d’aide. Dans cette étude, nous inversons l’angle d’approche en nous penchant sur la pratique d’un exorciste diocésain, que nous appelons le père J., et posons l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’exorcisme qu’il pratique garantit son équilibre psychique. À l’issue de notre étude du rite, nous postulons qu’il s’agit d’une situation de suggestion au cours de laquelle le consultant met en œuvre inconsciemment les signes attendus pour que tous puissent conclure à une influence diabolique. L’exorcisme en ce sens constitue donc un rite de possession. De plus, en articulant des informations biographiques aux mécanismes à l’œuvre durant le rite, nous parvenons à conclure que la fonction symbolique de prêtre constitue un signifiant inducteur de sublimation des pulsions sexuelles mais que le rite d’exorcisme, encadré par la structuration institutionnelle religieuse, vient réactiver ces mêmes pulsions sous une forme plus archaïque. Elles apparaissent au cours de l’exorcisme dans un jeu dialogique entre le consultant et le père J. qui s’exhorte à les faire taire.
Le Cannibale de Garanhuns : une mystique du meurtre et de la dévoration
Authors: Donard Véronique , de Melo Dutra Guaíra Moreira Camilo
Published: July 2021

Cet article s’intéresse au lien entre croyance et violence lorsque ces deux éléments sous-tendent des actes meurtriers et cannibaliques, commis par un sujet en proie à un délire mystique et à une conception persécutoire de la réalité. Le cas choisi est celui de Jorge Beltrão Negromonte da Silveira, 58 ans, qui a sévi dans le Nord-Est du Brésil de 2008 à 2012. Connu pour être le leader du « trio cannibale de Garanhuns », du nom de la ville qui fut le théâtre de ses derniers méfaits, il fut condamné, ainsi que sa femme et sa concubine, à plus de 70 ans de réclusion, pour avoir séquestré, tué, démembré et dévoré trois jeunes femmes. Il est suspecté d’avoir fait six autres victimes. Nous tenterons de mettre en évidence le socle psychique sur lequel s’est construit son discours mystique et son agir délirant, ainsi que d’éclairer le sens sacrificiel donné à ses actes. Dans le kaléidoscope de possibilités théoriques et interprétatives qui s’offrent à nous pour cerner sa psychologie, nous choisissons deux prismes : la question de l’origine du Je et la mise en évidence d’une aire sacrificielle en lieu et place d’une aire transitionnelle.
Croire, ek-sister. Une limite moderne de l’incroyance : l’Amok
Authors: Chiha Sami , Sauret Marie-Jean
Published: July 2021

Parce qu’il ne peut que représenter, le langage implique la croyance. Celle-ci a pour fonction de traiter le rapport du sujet humain au réel de son être, qui lui « ek-siste », et qui le laisse insatisfait de n’être dicible qu’à moitié. Ainsi, la croyance se mobilise au service d’une foi. L’article s’efforce de construire la logique qui va de la croyance « anonyme » au fanatisme, soit ce que la religion semble devenir lorsque la croyance est abandonnée au profit de la certitude. Ce parcours interroge la conjugaison des caractéristiques du lien social (à l’âge classique, à l’ère moderne, puis hypermoderne) avec la structure du sujet de la croyance et sa confrontation incessante au réel. La logique mise à découvert semble se boucler sur la multiplication des fanatismes et des passages à l’acte de type amok : peut-on en déduire ce qui pourrait œuvrer à une alternative viable pour chacun ?
Incroyance et rationalisme morbide
Authors: Brient Pierrick
Published: July 2021

Nous abordons l’ouvrage de François Klein sur les « maladies mentales expérimentales » et leur traitement, témoignage exemplaire du rationalisme morbide. La causalité des maladies mentales soutenu par cet auteur, s’appuyant sur une logique tautologique d’identité, ainsi que la méthode thérapeutique qu’il propose, rendent manifeste le vécu hallucinatoire imposé, de même qu’ils nous enseignent sur le transfert dans la psychose. Les avancées de Lacan concernant l'Unglauben (incroyance) en le lieu vide de la Chose dans la paranoïa viennent également éclairer la logique d’identité au cœur de la position subjective de F. Klein, logique à entendre comme négativiste à défaut de possibilité d’usage de la négation. Tentative de négativation donc, d’un lieu d’où la jouissance n’a pas été négativé.
La défense Unglauben dans la paranoïa
Authors: Triol Jean
Published: July 2021

Dans la psychose la forclusion du Nom du père a essentiellement pour effet :

l’absence d’identification à la personne qui fait couple sexuel avec la mère, ce qui laisse l’image moïque supportée uniquement par la jouissance d’une mère, A préalable

l’absence d’unification des interdits, ce qui laisse la castration dans le Réel, comme une « divination ».

Au registre du Réel le sujet répond dans le registre de la foi : à sa jouissance absolue de la Chose il répond par l'Unglauben, la non croyance. Il la rejette en bloc. Il reconstruit dans son délire, sa position passive d’objet de jouissance d’un A préalable.
Les fake news, armes de « Hold-up »
Authors: Samacher Robert
Published: July 2021

Cet article s’inspire de l’actualité immédiate et souligne la relation existante entre les fake news(« fausses informations ») et le hold-up de la pensée auquel ces fausses vérités participent. Le dévoiement de la théorie freudienne dans le champ de la psychologie des masses a donné naissance, d’abord aux États-Unis puis dans l’Allemagne hitlérienne à des pratiques de manipulation mentale qui, à partir de visées consuméristes, se sont transformées en propagande politique en vue de l’asservisse-ment et de la destruction de populations entières. Malgré une expérience de plusieurs siècles de civilisation, les peuples sont souvent prêts à suivre des démagogues qui imposent de fausses croyances et qui s’en servent pour asservir et imposer un pouvoir sans limites répondant à leur mégalomanie. Au cours de l’histoire récente, le Président Donald Trump a manipulé le champ de l’information en se saisissant des réseaux sociaux pour diffuser des « fake news » tout en accusant ses adversaires de se livrer à ce genre d’exercice. Le récent documentaire Hold-up diffusé sur les réseaux sociaux est le paradigme actuel de ce type de manipulation et rend bien compte des rumeurs pernicieuses que peuvent susciter des énoncés non étayés dans un montage rappelant fortement les théories du complot.
Donner à contempler une Nativité, d’hier à aujourd’hui Maurice Denis « Nativité » (1894), Musée des Augustins. Toulouse
Authors: Jacquet Marie-Madeleine
Published: July 2021

Une « Nativité » du peintre Maurice Denis (1894) donne lieu à une étude contemporaine et profane, à distance du fondement religieux traditionnellement associé à l’iconographie de la « Sainte famille ». Sur le modèle du rêve œuvrant par condensation et déplacement (Freud 1900), ce tableau permet de rencontrer différentes facettes du processus créateur.

C’est le « peintre-rêveur » amoureux au moment déterminant où il s’apprête à devenir à 23 ans, père d’un « enfant-roi ».

C’est aussi en lui « l’enfant-chercheur » donnant inconsciemment forme aux phantasmes de scène primitive qui nourrissent inconsciemment la sexualité infantile.

C’est enfin une ouverture sur un futur que nous permet aujourd’hui la contemplation de ce tableau et de façon inattendue, en rattachant quelque peu, le drame des flux migratoires actuels mais aussi la prise de conscience récente d’un accès à de « nouvelles masculinités » à construire…

Il s’agit donc de considérer le « don » de l’artiste comme à la fois, mode d’accès et de connaissance des processus psychiques à l’œuvre, en même temps que mise au présent du passé pour offrir à contemplation à qui veut bien s’y prêter aujourd’hui, et sur le vif, l’actualité socio-culturelle du moment.
Devenir femme dans les quartiers populaires urbains en France. Obstacles et possibilités
Authors: Bordet Joëlle , Douville Olivier
Published: July 2021

De nombreux débats et prises de position publiques ont pour sujet les jeunes femmes des quartiers populaires, leurs rapports à la domination masculine, aux risques d’embrigadement dans des dynamiques sectaires religieuses. Ainsi le port du voile est devenu un enjeu significatif de ces dynamiques. Dans cet entretien avec Olivier Douville, psychanalyste, anthropologue nous menons un dialogue, en référence à nos travaux de recherche à l’écoute des jeunes des quartiers populaires, depuis une trentaine d’années. Ainsi nous visons à situer ces dynamiques vécues par ces jeunes femmes au croisement de la dynamique socio historique de ces quartiers à la fois post coloniaux et post ouvriers et des singularités vécues aujourd’hui par elles pour devenir des femmes. Grandir et s’affirmer comme femme lorsque l’on habite dans les quartiers populaires urbains confrontent ces jeunes filles au risque de la précarité sociale et économique, à la stigmatisation et au racisme, souvent à la mort de jeunes hommes. Ceci supposent de leur part des modes d’adaptation et des stratégies qui ne sont pas mis en œuvre dans d’autres milieux sociaux. Ces jeunes filles s’appuient alors sur les cultures et les solidarités locales entre jeunes, sur les liens et les cultures locales des adultes avec lesquelles elles vivent et sur les repères communs à la société française. Pour rendre compte de cette complexité, nous proposons des idéaux types qui permettent de différencier leurs cheminements pour se reconnaître comme femme et qui ouvrent différentes perspectives d’accueil et d’accompagnement de ces jeunes femmes en lien avec les jeunes hommes et plus généralement leurs communautés de vie.
« L’entre deux guerres » : une période propice à l’invention de la délinquance juvénile
Authors: Wacjman Claude
Published: July 2021

Cet article examine les conditions scientifiques, empiriques, journalistiques et littéraires de l’émergence, entre les deux conflagrations mondiales, de la délinquance juvénile. Bien loin des conditions de moralité de l’expression religieuse et de la bienséance sociale, les spécialistes s’éloignent de la répression pour construire des réponses thérapeutiques variées dans un spectre contenu entre la psychanalyse et le conditionnement.
Anton Boisen et la certitude de Dieu
Authors: Penot Marie-Amélie , Allen David F.
Published: July 2021

Les travaux cliniques de Boisen sur les psychoses sont plutôt oubliés aujourd’hui en Europe. Nous présentons sa vie de clinicien, de chercheur et de patient parfois interné à Pâques comme si son délire était organisé selon un calendrier chrétien. En tant que théologien Boisen à mis en place une formation clinique pour les aumôniers. La présentation rapide de la vie et l’œuvre de l’auteur est suivi d’une traduction d’un article clinique de 1947.
Comparison of Two Conjunctival Incision Techniques in Strabismus Operations: Analysis of the Patient Population in 2008, 2010 – 2014
Authors: Froelich Svenja , Viestenz Arne , Bredehorn-Mayr Timm
Published: July 2021

Background Until 2010, the Halle university hospital used the limbal approach in strabismus operations to open the conjunctiva, as first described by Harms in 1949. In 2010, this was changed the to a modified radial incision technique, as inspired by the fornix incision of Harms and the “minimally invasive strabismus surgery” (MISS) technique of D. S. Mojon. The indication is the reduction in complications and protection of the conjunctiva.

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of cases between 2008 and March 2014 was performed, including a total of 258 patients. 109 patients were treated with the limbal approach and 149 patients with the radial cut. The following aspects were included for comparison: the medium-term control of the squint angle after three months, intra- and postoperative number of complications, duration of the operations. A survey collected the reasons for not taking part in follow-up checks and the alignment of these patients. To compare binary variables, the chi-square-test was used and to compare average terms the unpaired t test, with a level of significance of 0.05%.

Results The results of the postoperative square angles were comparable to both each other as to the literature. The number of complications was kept low in both techniques. The duration of the operations under the radial incision technique was clearly higher. However, throughout the observed years the duration of operations turned out to have decreased. The reasons for not taking part in controls were diverse and the alignment of these patients was high, regardless of the incision technique.

Conclusions The limbal approach was a well-proven method to open the conjunctiva. After changing to the radial incision technique, there was never a negative influence on the results of the surgeries or the rate of complications. The duration of the operations was extended. Superiority of the new technique was not shown. It could however be an alternative, as it spares the conjunctiva and permits glaucoma operations.
Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen
Authors: Boentert Matthias
Published: July 2021

Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen (SBAS) haben einen hohen bevölkerungsmedizinischen Stellenwert. Sie sind nicht nur mit bekannten Risikofaktoren wie Alter oder Adipositas assoziiert, sondern treten häufig auch im Rahmen neurologischer Erkrankungen auf und spielen eine große Rolle für die Krankheitslast und Prognose betroffener Menschen. Dieser Artikel skizziert die Pathophysiologie der verschiedenen SBAS und ihren spezifischen Stellenwert bei wichtigen neurologischen Krankheitsbildern. Ferner werden die für Neurologen relevanten Grundprinzipien von Diagnostik und Therapie dargestellt.
Behandlung einer symptomatischen Hypersomnie mit Solriamfetol
Authors: Evers Stefan , Wald Susan
Published: July 2021

Es wird der Fall eines 34 Jahre alten Patienten berichtet, der nach einer Epstein-Barr-Virus-Infektion eine symptomatische Hypersomnie entwickelt hat. Diese Hypersomnie konnte mit konventionellen Substanzen nicht befriedigend gebessert werden. Unter Solriamfetol kam es zu einer signifikanten Besserung der exzessiven Tagesschläfrigkeit.
Effects of Arm-cranking Training with Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Vessel Function
Authors: Miura Hajime , Ishikawa Mizuki , Murakami Ayako , Tamura Yasuaki , Deguchi Kenichi
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine whether arm-cranking training with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) results in a greater improvement in vessel function than performing the same exercise without EMS. First, nine healthy young men performed two 20-min arm-cranking trials at 50% V˙O2max with and without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery was measured using a high-resolution ultrasound device. Both FMD and normalized FMD were increased significantly after the arm-cranking with EMS trial, and significant differences were observed between the two trials. Second, 16 healthy adult men were randomly assigned to either the arm-cranking exercise training (A) group or arm-cranking training with EMS (A+EMS) group. The subjects were engaged in 20 min of arm-cranking at 50% V˙O2max twice a week for 8 weeks with/without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The FMD increased significantly after A+EMS training session and the FMD in A+EMS group was significantly higher than that in the A group. These results indicate that acute/chronic endurance arm-cranking with EMS applied to the lower limbs improves the brachial artery endothelial function more markedly than the same exercise without EMS.
MiRNA 126 as a New Predictor Biomarker in Venous Thromboembolism of Persistent Residual Vein Obstruction: A Review of the Literature Plus a Pilot Study
Authors: Rossetti Pietro , Goldoni Matteo , Pengo Vittorio , Vescovini Rosanna , Mozzoni Paola , Tassoni Maria Ilaria , Lombardi Maria , Rubino Pasquale , Bernuzzi Gino , Verzicco Ignazio , Manotti Cesare , Quintavalla Roberto
Published: July 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Interleukins (ILs) and micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been proposed as molecules able to modulate endothelial inflammation and platelet hyperactivity. At present, no early biomarkers are available to predict the outcome of VTE. We investigated in a pilot study a selected number of miRNAs and ILs as prognostic VTE biomarkers and reviewed literature in this setting. Twenty-three patients (aged 18–65) with a new diagnosis of non-oncological VTE and free from chronic inflammatory diseases were enrolled. Twenty-three age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors were evaluated as control subjects. Serum miRNAs (MiRNA 126, 155, 17.92, 195), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8), and lymphocyte subsets were evaluated in patients at enrolment (T0) and in controls. In VTE patients, clinical and instrumental follow-up were performed assessing residual vein obstruction, miRNA and ILs evaluation at 3 months' follow-up (T1). At T0, IL-8, activated T lymphocytes, Treg lymphocytes, and monocytes were higher in patients compared with healthy controls, as were miRNA 126 levels. Moreover, miRNA 126 and IL-6 were significantly increased at T0 compared with T1 evaluation in VTE patients. Higher levels of MiR126 at T0 correlated with a significant overall thrombotic residual at follow-up. In recent years an increasing number of studies (case–control studies, in vivo studies in animal models, in vitro studies) have suggested the potential role of miRNAs in modulating the cellular and biohumoral responses involved in VTE. In the frame of epidemiological evidence, this pilot study with a novel observational approach supports the notion that miRNA can be diagnostic biomarkers of VTE and first identifies miRNA 126 as a predictor of outcome, being associated with poor early recanalization.
A Study on the Serum γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase and Plasma Osteopontin in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Suri Arpita , Singh Naveen , Bansal Sanjiv Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major source of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Heavy drinkers and alcoholics may progress from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. The enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein which catalyzes the transfer of the γ-glutamyl group from γ-glutamyl peptides to other peptides, amino acids, and water. Serum GGT activity mainly attributed to hepatobiliary system and thus is an important marker of ALD. Hence the present study is conducted to estimate and correlate the levels of GGT and osteopontin (OPN) in ALD.

Aims and Objectives The objective of this study is to estimate and correlate the levels of GGT and OPN in ALD.

Materials and Methods Sixty clinically diagnosed cases of ALD and sixty age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine transaminases (ALTs), serum ALP levels, and plasma OPN levels were measured. Estimation of serum aspartate transaminases (AST), ALTs, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was assayed by standard photometric methods in autoanalyzer ERBA-XL (EM-200) using commercially available kits. OPN was estimated by using commercial kit based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results The parameters of the liver function tests such as AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly increased in patients with ALD (p < 0.001) when compared with the healthy control subjects. In the present study, significantly increased levels of γ-glutamyl transferases and OPN were found in patients with ALD (p < 0.001) when compared with the control subjects. OPN showed significant positive correlations with AST (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), ALT (r = 0.64, p < 0.001), ALP (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and GGT (r = 0.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusion The present study focuses on the role of GGT and OPN that are sensitive indicators of liver cell injury and are most helpful in recognizing hepatocellular diseases such as ALD, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Hence, the pattern of the GGT and OPN levels elevation can be helpful diagnostically.
No-Touch Radio Frequency Ablation for a Subcapsular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Malla Sundeep , Vaishnav Manas , Shalimar Shalimar , Madhusudhan Kumble Seetharama
Published: July 2021

Radiofrequency Ablation of subcapsular lesions poses a challenge due to the risks of tumour seeding along the track, hemorrhage and lower efficacy. “No touch ablation” is a relatively novel technique used in the ablation of subcapsular HCC with good results. This technique avoids direct puncture of the tumour by inserting more than one electrodes adjacent to and outside the tumor and activating them sequentially to perform ablation. The risk of track site seeding and haemorrhage is significantly reduced. We describe a case of a subcapsular HCC in a 65-year-old female patient which was successfully treated with this novel technique.
Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia Improves Compliance of the Child and Reduces Emergence Delirium
Authors: Gil Mayo Diego , Sanabria Carretero Pascual , Gajate Martin Luis , Alonso Calderón Jose , Hernández Oliveros Francisco , Gomez Rojo María
Published: July 2021

Introduction Preoperative stress and anxiety in pediatric patients are associated with poor compliance during induction of anesthesia and a higher incidence of postoperative maladaptive behaviors. The aim of our study was to determine which preoperative preparation strategy improves compliance of the child during induction and decreases the incidence and intensity of emergence delirium (ED) in children undergoing ambulatory pediatric surgery.

Materials and Methods This prospective observational study included 638 pediatric American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II patients who underwent ambulatory pediatric surgery, grouped into four preoperative preparation groups: NADA (not premedicated), MDZ (premedicated with midazolam), PPIA (parental presence during induction of anesthesia), and PPIA + MDZ. The results were subsequently analyzed in four age subgroups: Group 1 (0–12 months), Group 2 (13–60 months), Group 3 (61–96 months), and Group 4 (> 96 months). Preoperative anxiety (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale [m-YPAS]), compliance of the child during induction (Induction Compliance Checklist [ICC]), and ED (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale) were analyzed in each group.

Results Eighty-one percent of patients in the PPIA + MDZ preparation group presented a perfect compliance during the induction of anesthesia (ICC = 0), less preoperative anxiety (mean score m-YPAS = 26), less probability of ED (odds ratio: 10, 5 [3–37.5]; p < 0.05), and less ED intensity compared with the NADA group (1.2 vs. 5.8; p = 0.001).

Conclusion PPIA associated with midazolam premedication improves compliance during induction and decreases the incidence and intensity of ED.
Primary Breast Tumors with Mesenchymal Morphology
Authors: Tevatia Manvir S. , Mishra Prabhashankar , Baranwal Ajay K. , Nichat Prachi B. , Shelly Divya , Awasthi Shivali , Sengupta Prashant
Published: July 2021

Overview Mesenchymal tumors of the breast are rare. Few epithelial tumors also have mesenchymal components. It is crucial to identify these as per histogenesis. This can be facilitated by markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Objectives The aim of this study was to categorize the breast lesions with mesenchymal morphology and to study EMT on immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of 5-year duration from January 2015 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria: all breast lesions showing mesenchymal/nonepithelial morphology, complete or partial, on histology. Exclusion criteria: Mammary carcinomas without any mesenchymal/nonepithelial morphology, fibroadenomas, and lymphomas. Demographics, clinical, gross examination, histology, and IHC findings of selected cases were reviewed and recorded. Three additional markers p53, E-cadherin, and β-catenin were performed.

Statistical Analysis Used Frequency calculation for each variable (IHC).

Results Thirteen (2.5%) out of total 510 breast specimens showed mesenchymal histology. Of these, five (38.5%) were metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBC), four (31%) were phyllodes tumor (PT), and one (7.7%) case each of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, primary stromal sarcoma of breast, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, and myofibroblastoma. Loss of E-cadherin was seen in 4/5 (80%) MBCs and was retained in ductal component of PTs. p53 was not expressed in any of the tumors except 3/5 (60%) MBCs. β-Catenin was aberrant in all MBCs.

Conclusions Primary breast tumors with mesenchymal morphology present a spectrum ranging from benign mesenchymal, fibroepithelial neoplasms to malignant tumors of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Loss of E-cadherin, expression of p53, and aberrant expression of β-catenin are suggestive of EMT and molecular heterogeneity of MBCs.
1.9 Oxygen-Centered Radicals
Authors: Zhang J. , Liu D. , Chen Y.
Published: July 2021

Oxygen-centered radicals (R1O•) are reactive intermediates in organic synthesis, with versatile synthetic utilities in processes such as hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), β-fragmentation, radical addition to unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds, and rearrangement reactions. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the generation and transformation of oxygen-centered radicals, including (alkyl-, α-oxo-, aryl-) carboxyl, alkoxyl, aminoxyl, phenoxyl, and vinyloxyl radicals, and compare the reactivity of oxygen-centered radicals under traditional reaction conditions with their reactivity under visible-light-induced reaction conditions.
1.10 Boron-Centered Radicals
Authors: Zhang F.-L. , Wang Y.-F.
Published: July 2021

Boryl radicals have emerged as powerful radical intermediates in organic synthesis. This review summarizes recently developed transformations involving boryl radical species, including C—B bond formation reactions, reduction reactions, and radical catalysis.
1.11 Generation of Radicals from Organoboranes
Authors: André-Joyaux E. , Gnägi L. , Meléndez C. , Soulard V. , Renaud P.
Published: July 2021

Radicals can be generated by the cleavage of the C—B bond of alkylboranes or boronic acid derivatives. The fragmentation process may result from a nucleohomolytic substitution process or from a redox process. The nucleohomolytic substitution is ideal for the generation of alkyl radicals and is usually part of a chain-reaction process. Redox processes (mainly oxidative reactions) have been used to generate both alkyl and aryl radicals. The use of stoichiometric oxidizing agents can be avoided by employing photoredox catalysis. A broad range of synthetic applications such as radical cascade processes, multicomponent reactions, and cross-coupling reactions in the presence of suitable metal catalysts are now possible. In their diversity, organoboron compounds represent one of the most general sources of radicals. The merging of radical chemistry with the classical chemistry of organoboron derivatives opens tremendous opportunities for applications in organic synthesis.
Converting translation operators into plane polar and spherical coordinates and their use in determining quantum-mechanical wavefunctions in a representation-independent fashion
Authors: Rushka Michael , Esrick M. A. , Mathews W. N. , Freericks J. K.
Published: July 2021

Quantum mechanics is often developed in the position representation, but this is not necessary, and one can perform calculations in a representation-independent fashion, even for wavefunctions. In this work, we illustrate how one can determine wavefunctions, aside from normalization, using only operators and how those operators act on state vectors. To do this in plane polar and spherical coordinates requires one to convert the translation operator into those coordinates. As examples of this approach, we illustrate the solution of the Coulomb problem in two and three dimensions without needing to express any operators in position space.
Meso/macro-scale ultra-soft materials’ mechanical property evaluation device and testbed
Authors: Orikasa Kazue , Bacca Nicole , Agarwal Arvind
Published: July 2021

Ultra-soft materials find applications in biomedical devices, sensors and actuators, robotics, and wearable electronics. The mechanical properties of soft materials are often determined using nanoindentation and atomic force microscope techniques, which provide localized properties at a small-scale length. There is a need to evaluate the meso/macro-scale properties of ultra-soft materials to develop integrated devices made of the same. Metallic probes in the existing macroscale equipment cannot be used as they can pierce through the soft materials and fail to capture the associated adhesion forces, resulting in inaccurate values. This study has developed a meso/macro-scale mechanical testing platform to characterize ultra-soft materials accurately. This probe can be adapted to any mechanical testing load frame with a small load cell to capture the adhesion forces during the approach and detachment segments of soft materials’ indentation. The integrated camera with the probe enables overcoming the challenge of surface detection and capturing the pull-on and pull-off events. Indentation tests on soft materials with varying stiffness (e.g., high-fat yogurt, chicken breast, aloe Vera, toothpaste, gelatin, and a chocolate bar) were conducted using a 10 mm stiff flat-end polymer probe. A variation of the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts technique was adopted to account for adhesion forces and compute stiffness. Our results suggest that the novel device and methodology can measure mechanical stiffness in the extensive range of 0.5 kPa to a few MPa with high reproducibility at the macro-scale length. The validation was carried out using a commercially available nanoindenter for soft materials.
Improvement of the free-interaction theory for shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions
Authors: Xie Wen-Zhong , Yang Shu-Zi , Zeng Cheng , Liao Kai , Ding Run-Han , Zhang Lu , Guo Shengmin
Published: July 2021

Free-interaction theory is widely used for the analysis and modeling of the flow structure for shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions (SWTBLIs). However, many studies have demonstrated that the value of the nondimensional pressure rise function at the plateau should not be treated as a universal constant, which is an assumption taken in the traditional free-interaction theory. Such an assumption brings huge uncertainty to the theoretical prediction of shock wave/boundary layer interaction flows. To improve the accuracy of free-interaction theory, numerical simulations on the incident shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions are carried out in this study over an extensive flow range (Ma0 = 2.0–5.0, Reδ = 7.4 × 104–7.29 × 105). Utilizing the simulated flow field structures and literature data, this paper analyzes the essential influencing factors for determining the plateau pressure. Two nondimensional parameters—the incompressible shape factor of the incoming boundary layer and the nondimensional separation-bubble height—are identified as the essential influencing factors for the nondimensional pressure rise function at the plateau. A new scaling rule is proposed by taking these two nondimensional parameters into consideration, and the experimental data of the SWTBLIs after scaling collapse well onto a single curve with an R2 value of 0.918. The experimental data used to validate the scaling rule include incident and ramp SWTBLIs and the leading SWTBLIs in shock trains. The proposed scaling rule can be used to establish more accurate theoretical predicting models for SWTBLIs.
Four-body (an)harmonic oscillator in d-dimensional space: S-states, (quasi)-exact-solvability, hidden algebra sl
(7)
Authors: Escobar-Ruiz Adrian M. , Turbiner Alexander V. , Miller Willard
Published: July 2021

As a generalization and extension of our previous paper [Turbiner et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 53, 055302 (2020)], in this work, we study a quantum four-body system in Rd (d ≥ 3) with quadratic and sextic pairwise potentials in the relative distances, rij ≡ |ri − rj|, between particles. Our study is restricted to solutions in the space of relative motion with zero total angular momentum (S-states). In variables ρij≡rij2, the corresponding reduced Hamiltonian of the system possesses a hidden sl(7; R) Lie algebra structure. In the ρ-representation, it is shown that the four-body harmonic oscillator with arbitrary masses and unequal spring constants is exactly solvable. We pay special attention to the case of four equal masses and to atomic-like (where one mass is infinite and three others are equal), molecular two-center (two masses are infinite and two others are equal), and molecular three-center (three infinite masses) cases. In particular, exact results in the molecular case are compared with those obtained within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The first and second order symmetries of non-interacting system are searched. In addition, the reduction to the lower dimensional cases d = 1, 2 is discussed. It is shown that for the four-body harmonic oscillator case, there exists an infinite family of eigenfunctions that depend on the single variable, which is the moment of inertia of the system.