bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Dendrite and Dendritic Spine Formation by TCF20
Authors: Vinci Ersilia , Beretta Stefania , Colombo Veronica , Zippo Antonio , Catanese Alberto , Wiegreffe Christoph , Britsch Stefan , Boeckers Tobias , Verpelli Chiara , Sala Carlo
Published: January 2025

Mutations in the Transcription Factor 20 (TCF20) have been identified in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), intellectual disabilities (IDs), and other neurological issues. Recently, a new syndrome called TCF20‐associated neurodevelopmental disorders (TAND) has been described, with specific clinical features. While TCF20's role in the neurogenesis of mouse embryos has been reported, little is known about its molecular function in neurons. In this study, we demonstrate that TCF20 is expressed in all analyzed brain regions in mice, and its expression increases during brain development but decreases in muscle tissue. Our findings suggest that TCF20 plays a central role in dendritic arborization and dendritic spine formation processes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a downregulation of pre‐ and postsynaptic pathways in TCF20 knockdown neurons. We also found decreased levels of GABRA1, BDNF, PSD‐95, and c‐Fos in total homogenates and in synaptosomal preparations of knockdown TCF20 rat cortical cultures. Furthermore, synaptosomal preparations of knockdown TCF20 rat cortical cultures showed significant downregulation of GluN2B and GABRA5, while GluA2 was significantly upregulated. Overall, our data suggest that TCF20 plays an essential role in neuronal development and function by modulating the expression of proteins involved in dendrite and synapse formation and function.

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Transcranial Doppler Arterial Pressure Gradient Is Associated With Delayed Infarction After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kim Yongwoo , Kim Alexander , Williams Josef D. , Withington Charles , Tefera Eshetu , Gizaw Samrawit , Felbaum Daniel R. , Mai Jeffrey C. , Liu Ai‐Hsi , Armonda Rocco A. , Chang Jason J.
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

While the pulsatility index (PI) measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) has broader associations with outcomes in neurocritical care, its use in monitoring delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not endorsed by current clinical guidelines. Recognizing that arterial pressure gradient (ΔP) can be estimated using PI, we investigated the potential significance of TCD‐estimated ΔP.

Methods

In this observational study of 186 SAH patients, we recorded the mean cerebral blood flow velocity (mCBFV) and PI values from the middle cerebral artery, along with corresponding blood pressures. Using a previously reported mathematical model, we estimated ΔP by dividing pulse pressure by PI. We investigated the association between ΔP and mCBFV values and two acute phase complications of SAH—DCI and angiographic vasospasm. Additionally, we explored the association between DCI, vasospasm, and 90‐day functional outcome.

Results

Elevated ΔP was associated with DCI (odds ratio [OR] 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004–1.039, p = 0.014) but not vasospasm (OR 1.006, 95% CI 0.991–1.022, p = 0.402). Elevated mCBFV was associated with vasospasm (OR 1.037, 95% CI 1.017–1.057, p < 0.001) but not DCI (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.979–1.018, p = 0.873). DCI (OR 29.380, 95% CI 2.930–294.615, p = 0.004), rather than vasospasm (OR 0.695, 95% CI 0.120–4.043, p = 0.686), was associated with functional outcome.

Conclusions

Increased ΔP, rather than elevated mCBFV, was associated with DCI. While elevated mCBFV was associated with vasospasm, it was not associated with DCI. Hence, TCD‐estimated ΔP may serve as a predictor for the DCI in SAH patients, a condition that impacts long‐term outcome.
Risk Factors in Addition to Short and Long‐Term Outcomes With Thin Catheter Surfactant Administration Failure in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kutman Hayriye Gozde Kanmaz , Bilgin Betül Siyah , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Simsek Gulsum Kadioglu , Üstünyurt Zeynep , Canpolat Fuat Emre
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the incidence of thin catheter surfactant administration (TCA) failure and compare short and long‐term neonatal outcomes who failed TCA or did not.

Design

Single‐center retrospective cohort study. Infants between 25 and 30 weeks of gestational age with respiratory distress syndrome and receiving 200 mg/kg poractant alfa via thin catheter administration were included. TCA failure was defined as the need for early mechanical ventilation (< 72 h). Infants were divided into two groups those who failed TCA or those who did not.

Results

The TCA failure rate was 24.6%. Initial oxygen requirement (0.39% vs. 0.36%) and the number of small for gestational age infants were significantly higher in the TCA failure group (15% vs. 7.9%). Infants who failed TCA had a higher pneumothorax (6.7% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.03), BPD (15% vs.5.5%, p = 0.02), late‐onset sepsis (36.7% vs. 18%, p = 0.04), retinopathy of prematurity rates (11.7% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.02) and an increased duration of respiratory support. However, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II scores were comparable between groups at 18 and 26 months of corrected age.

Conclusion

Infants who fail TCA are at increased risk for short‐term complications despite favourable long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Identifying infants at risk of TCA failure may help early prevention of morbidities and individualise their management.
Comparative Analysis of the Benefits of Glutathione‐Rich Yeast Hydrolysate and Astaxanthin on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Zhang Ling , Yang Fan , Yi Jianhua , Yang Zhilong , Li Zhaowen , Cheng Tao , Hu Xiangna , Tan Beiping , Cao Aiqiao , Chi Shuyan
Published: January 2025

Antioxidants, both glutathione (GSH) and astaxanthin (AX), possess beneficial applications in animal growth and antioxidant properties. In this study, three experimental diets with isoproteic and isolipidic were formulated, the control diet (CON), the control diet added with 0.03% Carophyll Pink (contains 10% AX), the control diet added with 0.67% glutathione‐rich yeast hydrolysate (GYH, contains 5% GSH). The effects of AX and GYH on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei (0.36 ± 0.01 g) were compared. After an 8‐week feeding experiment, shrimp growth and intestinal morphology showed significantly better performance in the GYH group. Both dietary AX and GYH regulated the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and total antioxidant capacity of shrimp and reduced haemolymph malondialdehyde and hepatopancreas reactive oxygen species production. Compared with the CON and GYH groups, dietary AX significantly increased the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values of cooked shrimp. Based on the evaluation of the above results, AX and GYH were comparable in terms of antioxidant performance, and AX was superior in improving the red body colour of shrimp, but GYH has more significant advantages in promoting shrimp growth and intestinal development. Therefore, supplementation with GYH or AX in diet presents specific benefits to the growth, body colour and antioxidant of L. vannamei.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Microbiome‐Derived Biomarkers in Periodontitis: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dong Anbo , Proctor Gordon , Zaric Svetislav
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of microbiome‐derived biomarkers for periodontitis in oral fluids (saliva and subgingival samples).

Methods

This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed across multiple databases from December 2022 to November 2024. Subgroup analyses, divided into saliva and subgingival samples, were performed using the Random Effects Model (REM), while individual biomarker sensitivity and specificity were evaluated through the Bivariate Random‐Effects Model (BREM).

Results

Ten studies were included, stratified by sample type. In the saliva group, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivities reaching 89.2%, 89.2% and 86.5%, and specificities of 94.6%, 86.5% and 83.8%, respectively, achieving AUC values above 0.80. Porphyromonas gingivalis was further analysed using BREM, with the Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve indicating a combined sensitivity and specificity of 84.2% and 85.4%, with an AUC of 0.864. In the subgingival group, biomarkers such as endotoxin activity and combined bacterial biomarkers (5 bacterial species) displayed the highest diagnostic performance, with sensitivities of 90.6% and 85.1% and specificities of 87.9% and 100%, respectively, and AUC values of 0.93 and 0.88.

Conclusion

Microbiome‐derived biomarkers show good clinical utility for improving diagnoses of periodontitis, offering high specificity and sensitivity. Future research should focus on standardising methodologies, increasing sample sizes, and including diverse populations to validate these findings, thereby improving diagnostic precision and facilitating the screening methods for the onset of periodontitis and dysbiotic activity.
Conference report from the abstracts of the canine section at The 9th International Conference on Canine and Equine Locomotion, Utrecht 2023
Authors: Gómez Álvarez C. B. , Teunissen M.
Published: January 2025

This conference report summarises the abstracts on canine locomotion research presented in The 9th International Conference on Canine and Equine Locomotion, discusses the most relevant literature in relation to the topics presented in the meeting and highlights the importance of canine locomotion in veterinary medicine.
Use of a periodontal resective procedure (proximal wedge technique) for treating gingival and periodontal pockets of mandibular canine teeth in dogs
Authors: Mathis J. R. , Scott K. I. , Lobprise H. B.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the ability of a periodontal resective procedure (the Proximal Wedge Technique) to improve the long‐term health of the mandibular canines by reducing probing depths immediately post‐surgery via targeted tissue recontouring and precise debridement. The technique aims to enhance periodontal health and stabilize the supporting structures of strategically important adjacent canine teeth, including alveolar bone, rather than relying solely on mandibular incisor extractions with simple closure.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective records review compiled data from patients with suprabony pockets of 6 mm or greater at the mesial aspect of the mandibular canines treated with the proximal wedge technique (PWT). The PWT utilizes non‐displaced gingival flaps combining concepts from the modified Widman flap and distal wedge procedures with selective osteoplasty.

Results

Twenty‐one mandibular canine sites from 12 patients of various breeds with pocket depths ranging from 6 to 10 mm were treated with the PWT resulting in post‐operative mean pocket depths of 1.7 ± 0.1 mm. Approximately 1 year later, the improved depths were unchanged in six of the patients comprising 12 of the 21 sites.

Clinical Significance

By employing this method, veterinarians can enhance periodontal health and stabilize the supporting structures of strategically important adjacent canine teeth, including alveolar bone, rather than relying solely on mandibular incisor extractions with simple closure. The Proximal Wedge Technique resulted in reliable periodontal success and improved patient outcomes for one year and potentially longer, allowing retention of the mandibular canines and maintaining the integrity of the rostral mandible.
Effectiveness of vapocoolant spray compared to eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine cream to enhance tolerance during intravenous catheterisation: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Trinder R. , Pak J. , Humm K. , Cole L.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To determine if tolerance of intravenous catheterisation differs following the application of vapocoolant spray compared to lidocaine/prilocaine cream in dogs and cats.

Materials and Methods

A randomised controlled trial of client‐owned dogs and cats requiring intravenous catheterisation was performed. They were randomly allocated to either have lidocaine/prilocaine cream applied to their skin 1 hour prior to intravenous catheterisation or a swab saturated with vapocoolant spray applied immediately prior to intravenous catheterisation. The procedure was video‐recorded and a single blinded observer reviewed the recordings and assigned reaction scores (0 to 3) at 4 time points (initial restraint, limb handling, swab application and skin puncture).

Results

Between October 2020 and March 2022, a total of 101 animals (83 dogs and 18 cats) were enrolled, with 56 patients randomised to receive vapocoolant spray and 45 to receive lidocaine/prilocaine cream. There was no significant difference in the age, sex status, number of cross and pure breeds, and mentation detected between the groups. There was no significant difference in reaction scores between the treatments when comparing all patients at any time point except for a significantly increased swab application reaction score in patients receiving vapocoolant spray. Vapocoolant spray was significantly less effective in reducing adverse reaction to skin puncture than lidocaine/prilocaine cream in the small number of cats evaluated.

Clinical Significance

When considering all patients together, no single method of anaesthesia appeared superior for improving tolerance of intravenous catheter placement. However, vapocoolant spray may be less effective than lidocaine/prilocaine cream in reducing adverse response to skin puncture during catheterisation in cats.
Perioperative analgesic effects of a modified supratemporal retrobulbar block in dogs undergoing corneal and endocular surgery
Authors: Lardone E. , Crasta M. , Ostan P. C. , Gherlinzoni P. , Landi A. , Franci P.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the perioperative efficacy of a modified supratemporal retrobulbar block in dogs undergoing ocular surgery.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective randomized clinical trial, dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg im) and methadone (0.1 mg/kg im), induced with propofol to effect and maintained with isoflurane (FE'Iso 1.1%). In the retrobulbar group a mixture of lidocaine 2% (5.5 mL) and ropivacaine 0.75% (2 mL) was administered at 0.1 mL/kg, via a modified supratemporal technique using a Tuohy needle. No block was performed in the controls. When heart rate or mean arterial pressure increased above 30% of the pre‐incisional values, fentanyl (1 mcg/kg iv) was administered. Propofol (1 mg/kg iv) was injected when anaesthesia was deemed too light. After a total of three administrations regardless of the type of drugs (fentanyl/propofol), a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 mcg/kg/h iv) was started. Quality of recovery (blindly assessed using a descriptive score scale), postoperative eye rubbing and complications were studied.

Results

Eighteen dogs were included. The retrobulbar group (nine) dogs had significantly less risk of receiving fentanyl than controls (nine) (Relative risk:  0.142, 95% CI: 0.021 to 0.936) and a recovery score > 2 (RR: 0.058, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.887). The median amount of fentanyl (mcg/kg) was statistically lower in the retrobulbar group than in the controls: 0 mcg/kg (range, 0 to 1) versus 2 mcg/kg (range, 0 to 8.49), respectively. Only controls showed eye rubbing.

Clinical Significance

The modified supratemporal retrobulbar block reduced the intraoperative rescue analgesia and improved the quality of recovery.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in Ctenopharyngodon idella Based on the Sparse Sampling Method and a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model Following Intravenous and Oral Administration
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhang Huan , Zhou Shun , Liu Yongtao , Yang Qiuhong , Dong Jing , Ding Yongzhen , Ai Xiaohui
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to implement population pharmacokinetic (PPK) of enrofloxacin (EF) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after a single oral administration and a single intravenous administration based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. The plasma samples collected by the sparse sampling method were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. The initial pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were evaluated by reference search and the calculation of a naïve pooled method. After oral administration, the concentration–time profile was best described by a one‐compartment open model. The absorption rate constant (Ka), apparent distribution volume (V), and systemic clearance (CL) were estimated to be 3.11/h, 4.36 L/kg, and 0.079 L/h/kg, respectively. After intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve was best simulated by a two‐compartment open model. The apparent distribution volume of the central compartment (V1), apparent distribution volume of the peripheral compartment (V2), CL, and clearance from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment (CL2) were estimated to be 0.42, 2.05 L/kg, 0.067, and 2.94 L/h/kg, respectively. Finally, the bioavailability was calculated to be 84.81%. The parameter of AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration value was estimated to be more than 506.32 for Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and Flavobacterium columnare indicating that EF at 20 mg/kg has high effectiveness for these pathogens. This study supported a concise method for conducting PK study in aquatic animals that facilitated the development of PK methodology in aquaculture.
Estimating Fisheries Reference Points for Five Data‐Limited Fish Stocks in Kaptai Reservoir, Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Mst Halima , Zahangir Md. Mahiuddin , Akhter Bably , Naziat Azmaien , Liu Qun
Published: January 2025

The Kaptai reservoir is one of the important fisheries hubs in Bangladesh for its significant role in the national economy and socio‐economic sector. However, easy accessibility to the reservoir along with other human‐driven disturbances are pushing the stocks at risk. The sustainable fishery management depends on estimating a stock's total allowable catch (TAC), therefore, a recently developed Monte Carlo method (CMSY) was used for five data‐limited stocks (catfish, Sperata aor; snakehead, Channa marulius; carp, Labeo rohita; cichlids, Oreochromis mossambicus and featherback, Notopterus notopterus) to estimate their fishery reference points using their catch, resilience and exploitation record at the first and last catch of the year. A Bayesian state‐space implementation of the Schaefer surplus production model (BSM) was also used to compare and justify the output of the CMSY. CMSY estimated the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) to be 378, 110, 74.5, 432 and 99 mt for S. aor, C. marulius, L. rohita, O. mossambicus and N. notopterus, respectively. The result suggests that C. marulius, L. rohita and O. mossambicus fisheries were rebuilding naturally and at underfishing and underfished state according to the values of F/FMSY and B/BMSY as per BSM (value < 1). Value of BMSY greater than present biomass estimated by BSM for L. rohita and O. mossambicus predicts that the stock's overexploitation state seeking serious attention. Although the S. aor fishery seemed to be sustainable and had the potential to produce more, F/FMSY and B/BMSY values close to 1 recommend strict management actions for further sustainability. However, F/FMSY 1.31 for N. notopterus reveals that the stock depleted remarkably making this fishery unsustainable. The study reveals that Kaptai reservoir fisheries require intensive care to maintain sustainable resources. Strict implication of allowable catch limit, mesh size regulation, maintaining water quality, and protection of breeding and nursery ground is highly recommended.
A habitat suitability analysis for three Culicoides species implicated in bluetongue virus transmission in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Kessinger Peter , James Angela M. , Patyk Kelly A. , Vigil Stacey L. , Ruder Mark G. , Magzamen Sheryl
Published: January 2025

Culicoides biting midges adversely impact animal health through transmission of multiple orbiviruses, such as bluetongue virus (BTV). This study used light trapping data collected in the Southeastern United States for three Culicoides midge species that are confirmed or suspected BTV vectors: Culicoides insignis, Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus. Midge presence datasets were combined with meteorological data and ecological data to model habitat suitability for each species. Logistic regression and machine learning models were used to generate individual species distribution models (SDMs). Results for each SDM method were combined in an ensemble model to create a distribution model for each midge species. Based on overlay analyses of livestock populations and midge suitable habitat, there is extensive overlap of cattle and goat populations and suitable habitat for C. insignis in Florida. Suitable habitat for C. stellifer intersects with cattle and goat populations in various counties in Alabama, Arkansas, the Carolinas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana and Tennessee; and suitable habitat for C. venustus intersects with cattle and goat populations in the same states as C. stellifer, except for Florida. It is critical for orbivirus and midge surveillance to continue in the Southeastern United States as the habitat of all three midge species intersect with livestock populations.
Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. Clinical Isolates
Authors: Román‐Montes Carla M. , González‐Lara Fernanda , Diaz‐Lomelí Paulette , Sánchez Axel Cervantes , Rangel‐Cordero Andrea , Sifuentes‐Osornio José , Ponce‐de‐León Alfredo , Martínez‐Gamboa Areli
Published: January 2025

Background

Accurate identification of Fusarium species requires molecular identification. Treating fusariosis is challenging due to widespread antifungal resistance, high rates of treatment failure, and insufficient information relating antifungal susceptibility to the clinical outcome. Despite recent outbreaks in Mexico, there is limited information on epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing (AST).

Objectives

We aimed to analyse the distribution of Fusarium species from a referral centre in Mexico with DNA sequencing and to describe AST to the clinical outcome.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on clinical isolates of Fusarium. They were identified by translation elongation factor‐1α gene amplification and sequencing. AST was performed to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs).

Results

A total of 35 Fusarium isolates from 26 patients were included. The most common was Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) in 51.5%, of which Fusarium petroliphilum and Fusarium oxysporum species complex were the most frequent with 37% and 20%, respectively. AST did not show MICs above the epidemiological cut‐off value. Fusariosis was diagnosed in 19 patients, mostly with hematologic neoplasm; the overall mortality rate was 32%.

Conclusions

Fusarium petroliphilum from the FSSC was found most frequently. Elevated mortality and MICs for all tested antifungals were found, with higher MIC50 among F. solani SC than F. oxysporum SC or F. fujikuroi SC.
Posaconazole for Prevention of COVID‐19‐Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A European Multicentre Case–Control Study (POSACOVID)
Authors: Prattes Juergen , Giacobbe Daniele R. , Marelli Cristina , Signori Alessio , Dettori Silvia , Cattardico Greta , Hatzl Stefan , Reisinger Alexander C. , Eller Philipp , Krause Robert , Reizine Florian , Bassetti Matteo , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Hoenigl Martin
Published: January 2025

Background

This study investigated the impact of posaconazole (POSA) prophylaxis in COVID‐19 patients with acute respiratory failure receiving systemic corticosteroids on the risk for the development of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

Methods

The primary aim of this prospective, multicentre, case–control study was to assess whether application of POSA prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients reduces the risk for CAPA development. All consecutive patients from centre 1 (cases) who received POSA prophylaxis as standard‐of‐care were matched to one subject from centre 2 and centre 3 who did not receive any antifungal prophylaxis, using propensity score matching for the following variables: (i) age, (ii) sex, (iii) treatment with tocilizumab and (iv) time at risk.

Results

Eighty‐three consecutive patients receiving POSA prophylaxis were identified at centre 1 and matched to 166 controls. In the matched cohort, incidence rates of CAPA were 1.69 (centre 1), 0.84 (centre 2) and 7.18 (centre 3) events per 1000 ICU days. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of an EORTC/MSGERC risk factor at ICU admission (OR 4.35) and centre 3 versus centre 1 (OR 6.07; 95% CI 1.76–20.91; p = 0.004) were associated with an increased risk of CAPA. No increased risk of CAPA was registered for centre 2 versus centre 1.

Conclusions

The impact of POSA prophylaxis depends on the baseline CAPA incidence rate, which varies widely between centres. Future trials should therefore investigate targeted antifungal prophylaxis (e.g., stratified for high‐prevalence centres or high‐risk patients) in COVID‐19 patients.

Trial Registration: NCT05065658
Egg allergen‐specific T‐cell and cytokine responses in healthy and egg‐allergic children naturally tolerating baked egg
Authors: De Vlieger Liselot , Nuyttens Lisa , Keppens Cheyenne , Ieven Toon , Matton Charlotte , Diels Marianne , Verelst Sophie , Raes Marc , Leus Jasmine , Coppens Katrien , Sauer Kate , Dilissen Ellen , Cremer Jonathan , Coorevits Lieve , Frans Glynis , Schrijvers Rik , Bullens Dominique M. A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are critical players in maintaining peripheral tolerance, by producing high IL‐10 levels in association with inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) expression. Whether these cells play a role in naturally acquired baked egg tolerance is unknown.

Objectives

Evaluate frequencies of egg‐responsive Tr1 and Th2 cells in egg‐allergic children that naturally acquired baked egg tolerance (BET) versus non‐egg‐allergic (NEA) children.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 70 natural BET and 15 NEA children were stimulated for 7 days with ovalbumin and ovomucoid. By flowcytometry, egg‐responsive Tr1 cells were identified by co‐expression of CD49b and LAG3, and Th2 cells by expression of CD49b but absence of LAG3. Seven‐day cultured supernatant was analyzed for Th1, Th2, Tr1, and Th17 cytokines by MSD.

Results

Natural BET children had a higher percentage of egg‐responsive Th2 cells vs. NEA children (6.75% vs. 10.35%, p = .006). No significant difference was found in frequencies of egg‐responsive Tr1 cells between NEA and natural BET children (11.40% vs. 12.55%, p = .42), although Tr1‐related IL‐10 and IL‐21 production was higher in BET children. Interestingly, egg‐responsive Tr1 cells from NEA children expressed higher ICOS levels vs. natural BET children (97.90 vs. 88.20, p < .0001). Supernatant from natural BET children showed elevated levels of Th2 cytokines IL‐5, IL‐9 and IL‐13 and Th17 cytokine IL‐17A.

Conclusion

Natural BET children maintain increased egg‐specific Th2 responses, along with comparable proportions of egg‐responsive Tr1 cells exhibiting higher IL‐10 but lower ICOS expression in comparison with NEA children.
International Patent Families: When to Apply
Authors: Bond Eric W. , Luther Zachary R.
Published: January 2025

We model the decision of an innovating firm on where and when to make cross‐border patent applications given the rules of the Paris Convention and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). We show that an innovating firm will have an incentive to apply at the beginning (end) of the Paris Convention application window when returns are front‐loaded (back‐loaded). The preliminary review provided by a PCT application expedites the review process in subsequent national applications, leading to the selection of firms with more productive innovations into the PCT route for cross‐border applications. We also show that the PCT's preliminary application may be used to provide information on the patentability of an innovation. To provide empirical evidence on these predictions, we compare the patenting behavior of semiconductor applicants with those of pharmaceutical applicants, where the former has among the shortest times from innovation to market and the latter the longest. Consistent with the predictions of the model, we find that pharmaceutical applications are 15 percentage points likelier than semiconductor applications to be filed at the Paris deadline for national applications under the Paris convention. PCT applications for pharmaceuticals are 32 percentage points likelier to be filed at the Paris deadline. We also find that as many as 30% of PCT applications may result in information about patentability that makes subsequent applications unprofitable.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Event-Triggered Model Predictive Control for Electric Vehicle Active Battery Cell Balancing
Authors: Flessner David , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

To extend the operation window of batteries, active cell balancing has been studied in the literature. However, such an advancement presents significant computational challenges on real-time optimal control, especially when the number of cells in a battery increases. This article investigates the use of reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) to effectively balance battery cells while at the same time keeping the computational load at a minimum. Specifically, event-triggered MPC is introduced as a way to reduce real-time computation. Different from the existing literature where rule-based or threshold-based event-trigger policies are used to determine the event instances, deep RL is explored to learn and optimize the event-trigger policy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework can keep the cell state-of-charge variation under 1% while using less than 1% computational resources compared to conventional MPC.
Comparative analysis under the family Tetranychidae with two new mitochondrial genomic resources of Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis and Stigmaeopsis continentalis (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Liu Run-Dong , Tian Wei-Jiu , He Hu-Die , Liang Lang , Wu Dong-Ju , Tian Jia-Hao , Jin Dao-Chao , Yi Tian-Ci
Published: January 2025

Stigmaeopsis (Acari: Tetranychidae) species with social behaviors are difficult to be identified by morphological characteristics. The lack of nucleic acid resources as well as difficulties in sample acquisition have hindered phylogenetic studies and comparative mitochondrial genome analyses. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis (Ma & Yuan, 1980) and S. continentalis Saito & Lin, 2018 using Illumina platform and homologous structures. The new resources integrated with public representative species under the family Tetranychidae to support the comparative and phylogenetic analysis. We obtained 37 mitochondrial genes from S. nanjingensis and S. continentalis, respectively. In phylogenetic results, all species of family Tetranychidae are well-clustered and divided into three clades. Genes and relative synonymous codon usage showed strong AT bias within Tetranychidae. Atp8 was the most variable gene and cox1 was the most conserved gene among 14 spider mite species verified by nucleotide content and bias, genes pairwise identities and the nucleotide diversities.
A new species and a new record of Proctolaelaps Berlese (Acari: Melicharidae) associated with insects
Authors: Wang Haoran , Abo-Shnaf Reham , Wang Yizhuo , Xie Lixia , Yan Yi
Published: January 2025

This study reports a new species and a new record of Proctolaelaps. Proctolaelaps taiyuanensis sp. nov. was found on the body surface of Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytinae); Proctolaelaps bickleyi (Bram) was collected from the culture medium of lab-raised Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). An identification key to the species of Proctolaelaps from China is presented.
Selected Immunoendocrine and Physiological Performance Adaptations to Different Volume of Upper-Body Plyometric Training in National-Level Male Volleyball Players
Authors: Ning Changfeng , Sheykhlouvand Mohsen
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-week upper-body plyometric-training (PT) program with varying volumes on the immunoendocrine, physiological parameters, and physical performance adaptations in male volleyball players. Methods: Twenty-four trained college players were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 8 participants. Each group performed 5 exercises at maximal effort with differences in volume: low (3 sets of 7 repetitions), moderate (3 sets of 10 repetitions), and high (3 sets of 13 repetitions). The training program lasted 6 weeks with participants undertaking 3 sessions of PT per week. Results: Following the intervention, all groups exhibited significant (P = .001) improvements in physical and physiological parameters, as well as skill-based performances, with effect sizes ranging from small to very large. Comparative analysis of individual changes indicated that the high-volume group resulted in greater adaptive responses in the medicine-ball throw (P = .004), peak (P = .001) and average (P = .022) power output, push-ups (P = .001), and strength (P = .032) compared with the low-volume group. No significant between-groups difference (P > .05) was observed regarding immunoendocrine measures, reaction time, attacking, and serving skills. Conclusions: The findings indicate that short-term upper-body PT positively influenced performance adaptations, emphasizing that the adaptive response to PT depends on the varying volumes. The study proposes that integrating higher volumes of PT results in more significant adaptive responses among volleyball players with the same immunoendocrine responses as the other training volumes.
An Investigation of Youth Gaelic Games Coaching Practices
Authors: Gavin Kevin , Lane Aoife , Dowd Kieran
Published: January 2025

In recent years, pedagogy has become increasingly recognised as central to the development of effective coaching practice. This emphasis has prompted a substantial rise in research examining coaches’ practices, as it offers valuable insights into their underlying pedagogical approaches. This study assessed the current coaching practices of youth Gaelic games coaches using an online survey, examining their alignment with game-based approach (GBA) pedagogy and exploring differences between male and female Gaelic game teams. A total of 432 coaches participated, with 59% coaching male and 41% coaching female teams. During the early season, coaches dedicated more practice time to training form activities, transitioning to a balanced allocation between training and playing form activities as the season progressed. Most coaches utilised a linear session structure while also employing both coach- and player-centred strategies. Minimal disparities were observed in the coaching practices employed by coaches of male and female teams. While some alignment with GBA pedagogy was observed, coaches typically employed their own folk pedagogies, indicating an epistemological gap between coaches’ awareness and confidence in GBA pedagogy and its practical implementation. These findings highlight the need for enhanced coach education to better equip coaches in applying a GBA effectively.
Worldwide Policy, Surveillance, and Research on Physical Education and School-Based Physical Activity: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) Conceptual Framework and Research Protocol
Authors: Martins João , Ramirez Varela Andrea , Costa João , Onofre Marcos , Dudley Dean , Cristão Rafael , Pratt Michael , Hallal Pedro C. , Tassitano Rafael
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) builds on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) to address gaps in surveillance, policy, and research on physical education (PE) and activity (PA). GoPE! is a worldwide surveillance system of quality PE and school-based PA that informs policy and interventions and allows comparative analysis so that each country and region can check their status and progress. This paper presents GoPE!’s conceptual framework and describes the research protocol as a cross-continental and evidence-based surveillance system. Methods: Based on GoPA!’s framework and informed by the European Physical Education Observatory, as well as framed by the socioecological model of PE, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s quality PE, and the World Health Organization’s whole-of-school approach, the GoPE! stands out by providing a comprehensive methodological approach. This approach relies on independently collected data about PE and PA at school policies, surveillance systems, and research. These data are critically reviewed by local representatives of the GoPE! network of experts. The GoPE! Country Card is the main product released every 5 years. It is a 1-page infographic summary of a country’s key dimensions and indicators. The dimensions are: country and demographic data, PA participation, PE policy, PE surveillance, and PE and school-based PA intervention research. Conclusion: Through its vision and methodological framework, GoPE! aims to contribute to the establishment of a minimum common denominator of quality PE and school-based PA, ultimately informing promotion, advocacy, and agenda-setting efforts to achieve international goals and recommendations for more active, equitable, and healthy children and adolescents, schools, and societies.
Identification of a circulating carbohydrate antigen as a highly specific and sensitive target for schistosomiasis serology
Authors: Kildemoes Anna O. , Veldhuizen Tom , Hilt Stan T. , van Lieshout Lisette , Supali Taniawati , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Camprubí-Ferrer Daniel , Muñoz Jose , Clerinx Joannes , Harvey Mickey , Codée Jeroen , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , van Dam Govert J. , Visser Leo G. , Roestenberg Meta , van Diepen Angela , Hokke Cornelis H.
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 roadmap for schistosomiasis calls for development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools to continue and sustain progress towards elimination. Serological assays are excellent for sensitive detection of primary schistosome infections and for schistosomiasis surveillance in near- and post-elimination settings. To develop accurate assay formats, it is necessary to identify defined antibody targets with low cross-reactivity and potential for standardized production. Here we aim to identify such target(s) with focus on defined schistosome glycan antigens. Target identification was performed by assessing antibody responses in well-characterized cross-sectional and cohort sample sets (
n
= 366 individuals) on tailor-made antigen microarrays. IgM and IgG binding to candidate diagnostic targets was measured for serum/plasma samples from controlled human schistosome infection models, schistosome-infected travelers, soil-transmitted helminth-infected individuals, and non-infected individuals. We found that antibodies to a schistosome gut-associated glycan, the circulating anodic antigen (CAA), identify schistosome infection with high sensitivity (IgM ≥100%, IgG ≥97%) and specificity (IgM ≥93%, IgG ≥97%) in the test samples. Infection dose affected timing of anti-CAA antibody isotype switch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that other non-specific glycan epitopes in crude schistosome cercarial and egg antigen preparations can contribute to generation of false schistosomiasis positives, which is relevant for current serological assays based on these antigen mixtures. In conclusion, CAA is an excellent single glycan antigen target for development of highly sensitive and specific tools for schistosomiasis serology with use cases for travelers and surveillance in near- and post-elimination settings, as well as emerging transmission zones.

IMPORTANCE

The WHO 2030 roadmap deems diagnostics developments for schistosomiasis critically needed. Here we present identification of an antibody target with superior performance compared to traditionally used crude antigens in schistosomiasis serology. Access to unique controlled human infection model samples, traveler samples, and negative controls enabled this discovery, which forms the basis for development of new diagnostic tools urgently needed in travel medicine, surveillance in emerging transmission zones driven by climate change, and in pre- and post-elimination scenarios.
Utility and interpretation of multiple breath washout in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dobra Rebecca , Short Christopher , Wong Kiyo , Saunders Clare , Abkir Mary , Irving Samantha , Davies Jane C
Published: January 2025

Transformative changes in the health of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) mean that more sensitive outcome measures are needed to monitor paediatric CF lung disease. Multiple breath washout (MBW) and its primary readout lung clearance index are gaining increasing traction as an endpoint for clinical trials in the CF space and show promise as a clinical investigation. In this article, we use four clinically based questions to explore what MBW can and cannot (yet) do and highlight some of its strengths and weaknesses as an investigation. We end by discussing how we can increase the utility of MBW as an investigation in children with CF.
Ethnic disparities in rapid tranquillisation use and justifications in adult mental health inpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pedersen Martin Locht , Bricca Alessio , Baker John , Schjerning Ole , Munk-Olsen Trine , Gildberg Frederik Alkier
Published: January 2025

Question

Evidence on the likelihood of receiving rapid tranquillisation (RT) across ethnic groups is mixed, with some studies suggesting that ethnic minorities are more likely to receive RT than others. We aimed to investigate the association between ethnicity and RT use in adult mental health inpatient settings and to explore explanations for RT use in relation to ethnicity.

Study selection and analysis

We searched six databases, grey sources, and references from their inception to 15 April 2024. We included studies reporting the association between RT and ethnic groups in adult mental health inpatient settings. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was performed using odds ratio (OR) to estimate the association. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the overall certainty of the evidence. We reported narratively any explanations for RT use in relation to ethnicity. PROSPERO: CRD42024423831.

Findings

Fifteen studies with 38 622 individuals were included, mainly using white or native as the ethnic majority group compared with other ethnic groups. Individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds were significantly more likely to receive RT than those with ethnic majority backgrounds (OR=1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25 to 1.78; moderate certainty), corresponding to a relative risk of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48).

Conclusion

Disparities appear to exist in RT use across ethnic groups in adult mental health inpatient settings, disproportionately affecting ethnic minorities. Further research is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this issue.
Journal of Medical Ethicsat 50: a data-driven history
Authors: Dranseika Vilius , Bystranowski Piotr , Żuradzki Tomasz
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we take a data-driven approach to analyse intellectual trends over the first five decades of theJournal of Medical Ethics(JME). Our data set, comprising all texts published in theJMEsince 1975, reveals not only the most distinctive topics of theJMEin comparison to other key journals with similar profiles but also diachronic fluctuations in the prominence of certain topics. Overall, the distribution of topics shifted gradually, with each editorial period at theJMEshowing continuity with its immediate predecessor. However, a significant drift in topic distribution is evident over the 50 years, with some editorial periods being more ‘disruptive’ than others. These disruptions were influenced by external events (eg,Public health emergencies), broader trends in bioethics (eg, the recent growth of topics such asRace,PrivacyandVaccination) or editors’ preferences (eg,Ethics education). Additionally, our data provides insights into editorials where editors outlined their visions for the journal or reflected retrospectively on their past editorship.
Pharmacogenomics and symptom management in palliative and supportive care: A scoping review
Authors: Barry Caroline , Patel Martyn
Published: January 2025

Context

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is an area of expanding research, which could indicate whether an individual is likely to benefit from a symptom control medication. Palliative and supportive care (PSC) could be an area that benefits from PGx, however, little is known about the current evidence base for this.

Objective

To determine how PGx can be applied in PSC, whether there is any evidence of benefit, and to understand the extent and type of evidence that supports the use of PGx in PSC.

Methods

A search of six databases up to July 2024. Reference snowballing from review articles and screened papers was used to identify any missed articles.

Results

11 articles were reviewed. A total of 550 patients had a PGx test across 8/11 studies. Up to half of the patients had an actionable PGx result, and in one study there were 4.6 drug-gene interactions per patient. Implementation of PGx was found to be feasible. Clinician adherence to advice given was under-reported. No studies reported health economics analysis, or was designed to definitively answer whether PGx was better than standard care.

Conclusions

It is both feasible and acceptable to conduct PGx testing in a supportive and palliative care setting. Many supportive care medications are amenable to PGx. Clinician adherence to recommendations is variable and there is no clear evidence that PGx enhances palliative/supportive care patient outcomes. Prospective, clinical trials are needed to establish whether PGx can improve symptom management for people receiving PSC.
Muscle Cell Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance, JNK, IKK/NF-κB and STAT3 Activation are Attenuated by Carnosic and Rosmarinic Acid
Authors: Den Hartogh Danja , MacPherson Rebecca E.K. , Tsiani Evangelia
Published: January 2025

The worldwide epidemic of obesity has drastically worsened with the increase in more sedentary lifestyles and increased consumption of fatty foods. Increased blood free fatty acids (FFAs), often observed in obesity, leads to impaired insulin action, and promotes the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). JNK, IKK-NF-κB, and STAT3 are known to be involved in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We reported previously that carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA), attenuated the palmitate-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance, an effect that was associated with increased AMPK activation and reduced mTOR-p70S6K signaling. In the present study, we examined the effects of CA and RA on JNK, IKK-NF-κB, and STAT3. Exposure of cells to palmitate increased the phosphorylation/activation of JNK, IKKα/β, IκBα, NF-κBp65, and STAT3. Importantly, CA and RA attenuated the deleterious effects of palmitate. Our data indicate that CA and RA have the potential to counteract the palmitate-induced skeletal muscle cell insulin resistance by modulating JNK, IKK-NF-κB, and STAT3 signaling.