bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño y elaboración de ladrillos con adición de pet (material reciclado), para núcleos rurales del socorro
Authors: Di Marco Morales Raúl Omar , León Téllez Hugo Alberto , Almeira Juan Ernesto
Published: March 2019

Actualmente el Socorro no es ajeno a la creciente preocupación por la preservación del medio ambiente y la deficiente disposición de los residuos sólidos desechados por los sectores productivos señalados como los principales responsables del deterioro ambiental, viéndose el municipio sujeto a críticas por los problemas que generan estos y en especial por la contaminación de las fuentes hídricas. Este proyecto pretendió diseñar y elaborar bloques de ladrillo con adición de PET, utilizando material reciclado provenientes de residuos sólidos generados en los mismos núcleos rurales, donde se efectuó la adecuación del ambiente de experimentación piloto y se valoraron los residuos sólidos generados en los núcleos rurales estudiados (botellas y demás residuos plásticos), materiales requeridos como insumo para la fabricación de ladrillos; además se caracterizaron los materiales a mezclar, la arena, el cemento, el agua y el PET, para realizar los diseños de dosificación de mezclas y la construcción de especímenes de ladrillos, que mediante el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio, se pretendió desarrollar una alternativa de reutilización y aprovechamiento de envases plásticos, con el fin de hacer posible la implementación de un producto nuevo resistente con material reciclado, haciendo posible que las comunidades puedan convivir en un futuro no muy lejano en armonía con la naturaleza.
Voltammetric Determination of Rutin by Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: KARABODUK Kuddusi
Published: March 2019

In this study, an
electrochemical method was developed for the determination of rutin. The pencil
graphite electrode, a disposable and low cost electrode, showed a very good
catalytic effect with the significant enhancement of the peak current compared
to the glassy carbon electrode. Under optimized conditions, the pencil graphite
electrode had two linear ranges from 0.39 to 166.70×10-7 M and
166.70 to 1060.60×10-7 M rutin, the limit of detection was also obtained
1.13 nM (S/N=3). The percentage of recoveries were obtained in a range between
98.98 and 101.02 % for five successive determinations of rutin, which indicate
acceptable repeatability. This method was successfully applied for the direct
determination of rutin in real samples such as buckwheat, green tea and red apple. Finally, the interference
effects of some species to the determination of rutin was also evaluated.
Agrega Kökeni, Agrega/Çimento Oranı ve İnce Malzemeli Agrega Kullanımının Geçirimli Betonun Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: TOPÇU Özgür Barış , FELEKOĞLU Burak , ÇAYLAK Barış
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada agrega/çimento (a/ç) oranının,
agrega tipinin, ince malzemeli agrega kullanımının geçirimli betonun fiziksel
ve mekanik özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca üretilen geçirimli
betonların uygulamada karşılaşacağı ıslak ve kuru haldeki durumları için basınç
dayanımları tespit edilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar kapsamında; dolomit ve
kireçtaşı agrega kullanılarak yapılan tasarımlar için a/ç oranı 3.5, 4, 4.5
olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda a/ç oranı 3.5 ve 4.5 için ince malzemeli
dolomit kullanılarak da geçirimli betonlar hazırlanmıştır. Farklı karışım
oranlarında üretilen geçirimli beton numunelerinin basınç dayanımı, yarmada
çekme dayanımı, boşluk oranı ve geçirimlilik değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde
edilen deney sonuçları geçirimli beton tasarımda kullanılan a/ç oranının
geçirimli betonun fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkilediğini
ortaya koymuştur. Numunelerin ıslak-kuru haldeki basınç dayanımları arasında
büyük farkların bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. İnce malzemeli agrega kullanımının
ise geçirimli betonun basınç ve yarmada çekme dayanımı değerlerini önemli
ölçüde düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda ise hafif yük altındaki kaplama
malzemesi olarak kullanılabilecek geçirimli beton karışımları önerilmiştir.
Yatay Borularda Türbülatörlerin Isı Transferine Olan Etkisinin Deneysel Araştırılması
Authors: KARAGÖZ Şendoğan , ÇİLTAŞ Sibel , YILDIRIM Orhan , ERDOĞAN Sadık
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, boru içerisine türbülans
oluşturacak kanatçıklar yerleştirilerek boş boru ile kıyaslanmıştır. Üç farklı
kanatçık arası mesafede (Sy=101, 216, 340) ve üç farklı kanatçık
açısına(α=0o, 45o,
90o) sahip 9 türbülatör, üç farklı Reynolds
sayısında (Re) kullanılmıştır. Bu türbülatörlerin ısı transfer performansı ve
sürtünme karakteristikleri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. En yüksek hız
değerinde Nu sayısındaki en yüksek artış Sy =101mm kanatçık arası
mesafede ve  α = 90°  kanatçık açısında elde edilmiştir. Kanatçık
arası mesafenin artmasıyla Nu sayısında azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Sy
mesafesi en az olan türbülatör bütün Re sayılarında en yüksek Nu sayısına
sahiptir. Nu sayısı açısından sırama yapıldığında; Sy(10) > Sy(5)
> Sy(3) olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. 
Bu türbülatörlerin kanatçık arası mesafesinin (Sy) ve
kanatçık açılarının (α), Nu sayısına etkisi olduğu yapılan çalışmalarla
görülmüştür.
7075 Alüminyum Malzemesinin Frezelenmesinde Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün Yanıt Yüzey Metodu İle Optimizasyonu
Authors: UĞUR Levent
Published: March 2019

Talaşlı imalat sırasında yüksek kaliteli yüzeyler elde
etmek için bazı kesme parametrelerinin dikkate alınması gerekir. Yanlış seçilen
kesme parametreleri, hem kesici takımın çabuk aşınmasına hemde yüzeyin
istenilen kalitede olmasını engellemektedir. Bundan dolayı, optimum kesme
parametreleri ile daha kaliteli yüzeyler elde etmek için çeşitli deneysel
tasarım yöntemlerinin kullanılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada,
sanayinin farklı alanlarında kullanılan Al 7075 malzemesi kuru işleme
şartlarında frezeleme yöntemi ile işlenmiştir. İşleme sırasında kullanılan
kesme hızı, ilerleme hızı ve talaş derinliği gibi işleme parametrelerinin
optimizasyonu, yanıt yüzey metodu ile kombine edilmiş üç seviyeli Box-Behnken
deney tasarımı oluşturularak, optimum işleme şartları tespit edilmiştir.
Frezeleme sonucu oluşan yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) değerleri ölçülerek Design
Expert 10.0.6 programında analiz edilmiş ve yüzey pürüzlülüğünü etkileyen kesme
parametreleri optimize edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, optimum yüzey pürüzlülüğü
90,06 m/dak kesme hızı, 0,13 mm/dev ilerleme hızı ve 0,85 mm talaş derinliğinde
1,9383 µm olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yapılan analizlerin sonuçlara
göre ilerleme hızının yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerinde en büyük etkiye sahip olan
parametre olduğu belirlenmiştir.
(2-Fenil-1,3 Dioksalan -4-il) metilmetakrilat-ko-etilmetakrilat polimerinin viskozitesinin sıcaklık ve konsantrasyon ile değişimi
Authors: KAR Filiz , İLTER Zülfiye
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada sentezleme verileri başka bir çalışmada sunulan (2-Fenil-1,3 Dioksalan-4-il) metilmetakrilat-ko-etilmetakrilat (PDMMA-ko-EMA) polimer çözeltilerinin viskozitesine sıcaklık ve konsantrasyonun etkileri beş farklı sıcaklıkta araştırıldı. Bunun için Ubbelohde tipi viskozimetre (kılcal no: Ic, ID: 0.84 mm ve k: 0.03005) kullanılarak viskozite değerleri, Gay-Lussac tipi piknometre kullanılarak yoğunluk değerleri ölçülmüştür. Sıcaklığın etkisi Arrhenius tipi bir denklem ile konsantrasyonun etkisi ise iki tür denklem, power ve üstel model ile tanımlanmıştır. Sıcaklık ve konsantrasyonun etkisini birlikte ifade eden denklemler türetilmiştir. Aktivasyon enerjisi 4.07-11.87 kJ/mol arasında değişmektedir.
New Exact Solutions for the (3 + 1) Dimensional B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation
Authors: DÜŞÜNCELİ Faruk
Published: March 2019

In this study, we use the
improved Bernoulli sub-equation function method for exact solutions to the (3 +
1) dimensional B type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. Some new solutions are
successfully constructed. We carried out all the computations and the graphics
plot in this paper by Wolfram Mathematica.
HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ARRAY OF PERFORATED FINS UNDER LAMINAR FORCED CONVECTION
Authors: NODOOSHAN Afshin Ahmadi
Published: March 2019

Three-dimensional incompressible laminar fluid flow and heat transfer of a heated array of circular perforated fins are examined numerically. The Navier–Stokes and energy equations are solved by a finite volume method using the SIMPLE algorithm. The second order upwind technique is employed to discretize the momentum and energy equations. Computations were performed for a range of Reynolds numbers 100 ≤Re ≤ 350. Thermal performance and effectiveness as well as friction coefficient of perforated and solid fins are determined for the optimum porosity. The results show that the average coefficient of friction reduces with increasing the Reynolds number and the number of perforations. The heat transfer rate increases with the porosity and the Reynolds number. It is found that perforated fin effectiveness decreases with the number of peroration at constant Reynolds numbers.
EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE BASED ON THE PINCH POINT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
Authors: BADEMLİOGLU Ali Husnu
Published: March 2019

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a
system that uses working fluids with hydrocarbon components instead of water and
generates power from the heat recovery of different heat sources. In this
study, the exergy analysis of a simple ORC, which produces electrical energy
with the help a geothermal source (125°C), was performed. R123, R152a, R245fa
and R600a were determined as the fluids to be used in the Cycle. In this
analysis, which was carried out according to the pinch point temperature
differences (5-20°C) in the evaporator, the exergy performance of the cycle
components was evaluated for the geothermal resource unit flow rate and the
variation of the exergy efficiency of the system was calculated. With the
increase of the pinch point temperature difference in the evaporator, the
decrease of the system’s exergy efficiency became maximal (11.7%) with the use
of R152a as a refrigerant and the loss in the system’s exergy efficiency became
minimal (9.03%) with the use of R123 as a refrigerant.
CO2 Emissions, Environmental Degradation, and Healthcare Expenditure: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Moosa Nisreen ,   University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Published: March 2019

Environmental degradation (measured, for example) by CO2 emissions has an adverse effect on public health, leading to the need for a higher level of healthcare expenditure. The level of per capita income, which has been identified as a major determinant of healthcare expenditure, is associated with environmental degradation as represented by the environmental Kuznets curve. The results presented in this study show that when a country, like Australia, falls on the declining sector of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), healthcare expenditure is negatively related to environmental degradation. Although this proposition sounds counterintuitive, it is justified theoretically and supported empirically.
Climate Change and Right to Development
Authors: Mukherjee Vivek , Mustafa Faizan ,   NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad, India,   NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad, India
Published: March 2019

The Right to Development is a relatively new right in human rights law. Although its roots may be traced to pre-world war era, Right to Development took concrete shape with the passing of the UN Declaration on the Right to Development in 1986. Some renowned academic institutions in India are making recent efforts to make the “Right to Development” a Fundamental Human Right. Climate change poses a direct threat to human rights of people, especially in tropically situated countries of the south (including India), which are coincidentally home to a large number of vulnerable/marginalized people who are considerably poor to concern themselves with issues such as climate change. Due to mounting pressure from least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing countries (SIDSs), international community has lately shown greater interest in establishing a direct link between climate change and human rights. This interest may be a reaction to the recurrent failures in reaching a consensus in the climate change negotiations through mechanical Conference of Parties (COPs). Similar to a bottom-up approach that seems to have worked well for the Paris agreement, it was believed by experts that linking human rights to climate change would shake the conscience of the reluctant parties to act expeditiously. The importance of a human rights–based approach to climate change will be highlighted in the light of two recent developments in the climate change discourse: First, the recognition by scientists of several extreme disaster as climate change events directly violating the human rights of the vulnerable; second, the dilution of the differentiation created between developing and developed nations by the Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) principle in the recent climate change agreements. This paper seeks to establish the efficacy of the human Right to Development (through tools such as Greenhouse Development Rights) in effectuating the third world approaches to the issue of climate change in the global south.
Modeling and Forecasting Daily Stock Returns of Guaranty Trust Bank Nigeria Plc Using ARMA-GARCH Models, Persistence, Half-Life Volatility and Backtesting
Authors: Adenomon Monday Osagie , Emenogu Ngozi G. , Obinna Nweze Nwaze
Published: March 2019

In financial time series modelling and forecasting, combining ARMA and GARCH models tend to produce superior and reliable models for volatility persistence, half-life volatility and backtesting (application of model in real life). In Nigeria, banking stocks are mostly traded because of its potential benefits to investors. This study modelled and forecasted the Guaranty Trust (GT) Bank daily stock returns from January 2nd 2001 to May 8th 2017 data set collected from a secondary source. The ARMA-GARCH models, persistence, half-life and backtesting were used to analysed the collected data using student t and skewed student t distributions, and the analyses are carried out R environment using rugard and performanceAnaytics Packages. The study revealed that using the lowest information criteria values only could be misleading rather we added the use of backtesing. The ARMA(1,1)-GARCH(1,1) models fitted exhibited high persistency in the daily stock returns while the days it takes for mean-reverting of the models ranges from 5 days to 100 days but unfortunately the models failed backtesting. The results further revealed ARMA(1,1)-eGARCH (2,2) model with student t distribution provides a suitable model for evaluating the GT bank stock returns among the competing models while it takes less than 30 days for the persistence volatility to return back to its average value of the stock returns. This study recommended that researchers should adopt backtesting approach while fitting GARCH models while GT bank stocks investor should be assured that no matter the fluctuations in the stock market, the GT bank stock returns has the ability to returns to its mean price return.
Team Approach: Guideline-Based Management of Skin Injury in Individuals with Myelomeningocele
Authors: Bradko Viachaslau , Hill Jaclyn , Castillo Heidi , Castillo Jonathan
Published: March 2019

» As many as 100,000 people in the United States live with myelomeningocele.

» Due to recent advancement in treatment, about 75% of children with myelomeningocele reach adulthood. Up to 77% of patients with spina bifida report skin-breakdown issues annually.

» The management of patients who have myelomeningocele requires a multidisciplinary approach that should begin early in life and should aid in transitions through health-care settings across the lifespan. Education on the prevention of skin injury must be repetitive, frequent, culturally appropriate, and ongoing.

» The development of a team approach to evidence-based prevention, education, and treatment is imperative, with the goal of reducing skin breakdown and increasing self-management among individuals with myelomeningocele.
Limnological features Diwanyia River, Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Monthly water samples from three stations in Diwanya river at Diwanyia city were collected during December 1999 to June 2000. Variables from each stations were determined including ; temperature, pH ,dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide , alkalinity ,total hardness, calcium ,magnesium , phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, chlorophyll-a , and total number of phytoplankton .The river considered as fresh water , alkaline ,very hard .The parameters recorded at different values from up and down stream.
Using of Nuclear Track Detector CR-39 To Measure Depleted Uranium Concentration of Mother's Milk.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Biological samples of mother's milk were collected from Iraqi southern provinces(Basrah,Messan,al-Muthana,Thikar)and Baghdad province to measure uranium concentration of the samples by using track technique of fission fragments as a result from uranium atom fission with thermal neutrons from neutrons source 24 I Am-Be with activity 16Ci and neutron flux of 5000 n/cm2.s on using nuclear track detector CR-39 It was found that the high percentage of depleted uranium concentration on the samples from Muthana province , which accounted as 4.183ppm therefore the samples was taken from the provinces (Thikar,Basrah,Baghdad),which was accounted the depleted uranium concentration as following (1.243,2.172,2.875) ppm respectively, with appear a small concentration percentage in the Messan province which was accounted (0.230)ppm .Although, this concentration was been on the one baby food menu from mother's milk nutrition.ln this research,the concentration of some essential trace elements in human breast milk, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg,was measured in the samples was taken from the above provinces by using atomic absorption technique and the result was indicated appear change in the concentration of the elements of the samples.
Sedimentological and diagenetic study of the Early Middle Miocene Jeribe Limestone Formation in selected wells from Iraq northern oilfields (Ajil; Hamrin; Jadid; Khashab)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Five subsurface sections covering the entire length of the Jeribe Limestone Formation (Early Middle Miocene) were studied from four oilfields in northern Iraq. It is hoped to unravel this formation microfacies ; depositional environment; diagenetic attributes and their parental processes; and the relationship between these processes and the observed porosity patterns. The microfacies were found to include mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone, which have been deposited respectively in open platform, restricted platform, and edge platform which represent the lagoonal environment, while the deposits of the lower parts of the Jeribe formation especially in well Hamrin- 2 reflect a deeper fore slope environment. By using the lithofacies association concepts, the depositional model of the Jeribe Formation was built. From a reservoir point of view, the formation suffered from two groups of diagenetic processes. The first one includes the porosity destructive ones such as cementation; compaction; mechanical degradation; anhydritization; and silicification. The second group include porosity enhancers ones which to include dissolution; and dolomitization.
Study of Nonlinear Refraction and Nonlinear Absorption Coefficients of Different CdS Film Thickness by diode laser
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In the present work, different thicknesses of CdS film were prepared by chemical bath deposition. Z-Scan technique was used to study the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficients. Linear optical testing were done such as transmission test, and thickness of films were done by the interference fringes (Michelson interferometer). Z-scan experiment was performed at 650nm using CW diode laser and at 532nm wavelength. The results show the effect of self-focusing and defocusing that corresponds with nonlinear refraction n2. The effect of two-photon absorption was also studied, which correspond to the nonlinear absorption coefficient B.
Flow injection analysis for the photometric determination of promethazine-HCl in pure and pharmaceutical preparation via oxidation by persulphate using Ayah 3SX3-3D solar micro photometer
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The first flow injection spectrophotometric method is characterized by its speed and sensitivity which have been developed for the determination of promethazine-HCl in pure and pharmaceutical preparation. It is based on the in situ detection of colored cationic radicals formed via oxidation of the drug with sodium persulphate to pinkish-red species and the same species was determined by using homemade Ayah 3SX3-3D solar flow injection photometer. Optimum conditions were obtained by using the high intensive green light emitted diode as a source. Linear dynamic range for the absorbance versus promethazine-HCl concentration was 0-7 mmol.L-1, with the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9904 while the percentage linearity (r2%) was 98.09%. the L.O.Q was 3.97 µg/sample, while L.O.D (S/N=3) = 0.2407µg/sample (5 µmol.L-1) from the stepwise dilution for the minimum concentration of lowest concentration in the linear dynamic range of the calibration graph. The R.S.D% at 2 mmol.L-1 promethazine-HCl is less than 1% (eight replicates) using 150 µL sample volume. Throughput 30 sample.hr-1. The method was applied successfully for the determination of promethazine-HCl in pharmaceutical preparation. By using paired t-test it was shown that there was no significant difference between the proposed method and official method and on that basis the new method can be accepted as an alternative analytical method.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyimide Contain Heterocyclic
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Novel heterocyclic polyimide 5(a,b) have been synthesized based on polyacrylic backbone. The synthetic route start with nucleophilic substitution of 2-amino, or 4-amino, pyridine 1(a,b) to the polyacryloyl chloride afforded poly substituted amide 2(a,b). Another nucleophilic substitution were carried with adipoyl chloride to form polyimide chloride 3(a,b). Treatment of 3(a,b) with hydrazine hydrate afforded acid hydrazide polyimide 4(a,b), which upon cyclocondensation with carbon disulfide gave the target heterocyclic polyimide. The synthesized compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods: FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.
Determination of total phenol, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present study investigated the total content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of water extracts oat (Avena sativa) and basil (Ocimum basilicum), medicinal plants. The Folin-ciocalteu reagent assay was used to estimate the total phenolic content of plants extract. The antioxidant capacity of the plants extract was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power Assay (FRAP) and ferric reducing scavenging activity using DPPH method, and the antimicrobial activity was measured against [Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; Proteus spp.; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Candida albicans] as tester strains. The total phenolic content of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum extracts revealed that the mixture of plants showed higher content. The mixture of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity followed by Avena sativa extract and Ocimum basilicum extract with FRAP and DPPH assay. However, mixture of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum extracts exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to the other extracts. Thus the study revealed that the consumption of mixture herbs may enhance the immune power of our body against diseases due to free radicals.
On Min - Cs Modules and Some Related Concepts
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Our aim in this paper is to study the relationships between min-cs modules and some other known generalizations of cs-modules such as ECS-modules, P-extending modules and n-extending modules. Also we introduce and study the relationships between direct sum of mic-cs modules and mc-injectivity.
A Study of the Structural and Optical Properties of SnS:F prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Thin films of pure tin mono-sulfide SnS and tin mono-sulfide for (1,2,3,4)% fluorine SnS:F with Thicknesses of (0.85 ±0.05) ?m and (0.45±0.05) ?m respectively were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. the effect of doping of F on structural and optical properties has been studied. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that the prepared films were polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure. It was found that doping increased the intensity of diffraction peaks. Optical properties of all samples were studied by recording the absorption and transmission spectrum in range of wave lengths (300-900) nm. The optical energy gap for direct forbidden transition and indirect allowed transition were evaluated It is found that for doping less than 2% the optical energy gap increases as the percentage of doping increases in the samples while for doping more than 2% the values of the optical energy gap decreases as the percentage of doping increases.
Response of green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of Ephestia cautella (walk)eggs
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Results of exposure larvae of the most important predator in the integrated pest management , the green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of fig moth Ephestia cautella eggs showed increasing in the number of consumed prey at decreasing rate of increasing prey density where curve slope consumption decreased gradually until leveling off. These specifications concurred with type II functional response that predators appear towards varied densities of its preys ,that was confirm by logistic regression between the proportion of prey eaten in relation to prey offered . Third larval instars of the predator showed attack rate (a) of 4.85. This was greater than the second larval instar (3.58). Handling time (Th) per prey decreased as the predator aged , it was 0.0046 day for the second larval instar and 0.0041 day for the third larval instars. The greatest theoretical maximum number of moth eggs to be consumed was 244 eggs/day for the third larval instar followed by second larval instars as 217 eggs/day, respectively.
Study ABO / Rh Systems with IL-18 & IL-33 in Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorder disease. The inflammatory markers act as a new risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes with a possible association with ABO/Rh blood groups. Human ABO genes are located on chromosome 9q34.1-q34.2. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL) -18 and IL-33 in type 2DM and ABO blood groups. Sixty four patients with newly diagnosed type2 DM and control group consist of twenty healthy Iraqi individual. Laboratory test were include ABO blood groups using standard serological procedures and detection IL-18 and IL-33 in serum by ELISA kits. The Present data showed a significant increase in the serum level of IL-18 between type 2 DM patients and control, while there was no significant difference in the serum level of IL-33. At the same time both study blood groups O patients & control showed lowest level of serum IL-18, while blood group A with allele A showed less concentration of IL-33 in patients & control. Blood group O showed the highest percentage in patients & control, also Rh positive showed higher percentage. In conclusion, positive relation between IL-18 concentration and risk of type 2 DM, thus may be a predictor for newly diagnostic diabetic patient, while Serum levels of IL-33 might be a predictor marker of disease progression. No associations were found between ABO & Rh groups with type 2 DM.
Factors Influence on the yield of Bacterial Cellulose of Kombucha (Khubdat Humza)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Kombucha(Khubdat Humza) is composed of yeast and acetic acid bacteria especially, Acetobacter xylinum which forms a cellulose pellicle on tea broth. Kombucha(Khubdat Humza) produces bacterial cellulose pellicles, with unique purity and fine structure. It can be used in many forms, such as an emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersing agent, thickener and gelling agent but these are generally subsidiary to its most important use of holding on to water. Recently, bacterial cellulose is used in many special applications such as a scaffold for tissue engineering of cartilages and blood vessels, also for artificial skin for temporary covering of wounds, as well as its used in the clothing industry. The yield of cellulose produced were investigated in this study, the tea broth was fermented naturally over a period of up to 20 days in the presence of different amounts of black tea and sucrose as nitrogen and carbon sources. 10g/L black tea produced highest weight of bacterial cellulose (55.46g/L) and 100g/L sucrose also exhibited high amount of pellicle (63.58g/L). Temperature was essential factor on growth, where the pellicle was formed at range (20°C - 50°C) and higher temperature over 50°C depressed the bacterial cellulose formation. The bacterial cellulose production increased with the increase of surface area and depth of the broth. Findings from this study suggest that the yield of cellulose depends on many factors that need to be optimized to achieve maximum yield.
Concentration of lead and the proportion of sedimentary organic matter , clay minerals , non-clay minerals and soil gradation , City of Nasiriyah , Southern Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present research included sampling and analysis of 41 soil samples , the samples cover various areas of Nasiriyah city (industrial,commercial,residential and agricultural ) to estimate pollution levels of lead element and determine the correlation between lead concentration and natural factors in soil which represent sedimentary organic matter content, granular gradient, clay minerals and non-clay minerals . The results of the current study showed that the average concentration of lead in the soil samples was 61.12 ppm , it was noticed an increase in the concentration of lead in environmental components in the area of this study especially in residential , industrial and commercial location and the impact of natural factors of the soil was limited and the main factors of pollution is resulting from human activities
Variation of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) Traits Induced By Heat, Electric Shock and Mutagen Nitrous Acid
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This research was carried out to determine the impact of heat shock, electric shock and seeds in soaking nitrous acid mutagen solution on three cultivars of faba beans plant (Zaina, Aguadulce and Local) at the year 2012-2013. Factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were used. The results showed that heat shock lead to early plants of 50% in flowering and an increase in the number of branches/plant and the number of seeds/pod compared to other treatments, whereas the seeds soaked in nitrous acid mutagen solution gave the highest plant height, leaf area index, number of pods/plant, seed weight, seed yield kg/ha, and did not differ significantly with treatment of electric shock in the protein yield(kg/ha). Zaina cultivar was superior over other cultivars in early to 50% flowering, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant and seed weight, while gave the lowest value in plant height. Significant differences also observed for the interaction between cultivars and treatments. Zaina cultivar with heat shock treatment gave less number of days to 50% flowering, highest number of branches/plant and the number of seeds/pod, either when seeds soaked in nitrous acid mutagen solution given the highest plant height of plant, highest mean of seed weight, seed yield kg/ha and did not differ significantly with local variety in the number of pods/plant trait .
Optimization of Glutathione S-Transferase in the Sera of Young Female Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type1
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study was attempted to determine optimum conditions, for Glutathione s-Transferase enzyme, in sera of three groups diabetic patients type1 depending on duration of disease without complications compared with control group. The aim of this study was to find optimum conditions were determined such as (pH, Substrate Concentration, Temperature, Incubation time, Enzyme concentration, and effect of(0.15M)(0.25M) of mono divalent compounds). And to find the kinetics parameters in the three groups of diabetic patients when compared with control. It was found optimum pH(8.5,4.5,2.5,6.5).Temperatures(20cº,40cº,50cº,30cº). Incubation times (7min, 4min, 4min, 5min) substrate concentrations (12µl, 10µl, 5µl, 10µl) enzyme concentrations by enzyme volumes (125µl, 100µl, 75µl, 100µl) for group one, two, three and control group respectively., The maximum activity was presence in mono valent compounds were found in NaCl while in divalent compounds the maximum activity was presence CuSO4 more than the other compounds. By using line weaver –Burk plot we estimate the three values of Km and three values Vmax for the three groups of diabetic patients and control. which enhance our result that there are confirm three isoenzymes for Glutathione –S- transferase.
A Solution of Second Kind Volterra Integral Equations Using Third Order Non-Polynomial Spline Function
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, third order non-polynomial spline function is used to solve 2nd kind Volterra integral equations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applications of this method, and to compare the computed results with other known methods.
Oscillations of Third Order Half Linear Neutral Differential Equations
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper the oscillation criterion was investigated for all solutions of the third-order half linear neutral differential equations. Some necessary and sufficient conditions are established for every solution of (a(t)[(x(t)±p(t)x(?(t) ) )^'' ]^? )^'+q(t) x^? (?(t) )=0, t?t_0, to be oscillatory. Examples are given to illustrate our main results.
The Study of Serum Complement C3, C4 and Immunoglobulin E IgE in Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present study was aimed to find out the role of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Complements C3, C4 and immunoglobulin IgE .The study included 55 Iraqi patients with psoriasis 30 (15 females ,15 males) were untreated with any drugs. The other patient group consisted of 25 (9 female and 16 male) treated with a biological treatment (infliximab) ,and 30 (13 males ,12 females) healthy control group. Blood sample were withdrawn (5) ml of venous blood for both patients and members of the control ,to conduct the Immunological tests to determine the quantitative for each of total IgE by using (ELISA) and C3,C4 by Single Radial Immunodiffuse (SIRD). The results showed significant increase in the level of probability (P
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes with their Sulfamethoxazoleand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and study Cytotoxic Effect on Hep-2 Cell Line
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The ligand 4-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazole-3-yl)-benzene-sulfonamide(L1) (as a chelating ligand) was treated with Pd(II),Pt (IV) and Au(III) ions in alcoholic medium in order to prepare a series of new metal complexes. Mixed ligand complexes of this primary ligand were prepared in alcoholic medium in presence of the co-ligand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl(L2) with Cu(II) ,Pd(II) and Au(III) ions. The complexes were characterized in solid state using flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S, FT-IR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The nature of some complexes formed in ethanolic solution has been studied following the molar ratio method, also stability constant was studied and the complexes found to be stable in molar ratio1:1.an octahedral geometry was suggested for PdL1L2, PtL1and AuL1L2 complexes, square planar was suggested for AuL1 and PdL1complexes,while CuL1L2 complex has a square pyramidal geometry. Cytotoxic effect of theprepared complexes as well as ligands was evaluated against Hep-2 cell line using four different concentrations (625, 1250, 2500&5000 µg/ml) respectively in an exposure time 48 hrs comparing this effect with control positive Cis-Pt as reference drug. The obtained results refers to the higher inhibition rates of all complexes and their ligands and ligand (L1) and its complexes give more activity against tested cell than ligand (L2) and its complexes comparable with control positive .
A study of Soil Invertebrates community in a Date - Palm plantation in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Soil invertebrates community an important role as part of essential food chain and responsible for the decomposition in the soil, helps soil aeration , nutrients recycling and increase agricultural production by providing the essential elements necessary for photosynthesis and energy flow in ecosystems.The aim of the present study was to investigate the soil invertebrates community in one of the date palms plantation in Aljaderia district South of Baghdad, , and their relationships with some physical and chemical properties of the soil , as Five randomly distributed replicates of soil samples were collected monthly. Invertebrates samples were sorted from the soil with two methods, direct method to isolate large invertebrates and indirectly to isolate small invertebrates using wet funnel method. The study also included the determination of physical and chemical factors of the soil (Temperature, Salinity, pH, Organic matter, Humidity, In addition to the soil texture).Monthly fluctuations in physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and the total invertebrates community study site were determined. Significant correlations the of the invertebrates community and each of temperature, organic matter, and humidity were observed. The study revealed that the temperature of the soil ranged between 5 to 25 C0 , The salinity concentration ranged between 1.1-1.9 ‰, The pH values ranged between 7.3 to 7.8 and the percentage of soil moisture ranged between 15 - 25% , Soil samples were composed of 44.6 % Clay, 19.7% Silt and 35.5% Sand.A total of 4625 individuals of soil invertebrates belonging to 16 taxa were sorted , within which the adult and larval insects were the most abundant, and from them 1283 individuals were sorted , represented 28% of the total numbers, followed by Isopoda , which 1030 individuals of them were sorted, In addition to Nematode, Oligochaetes Annelids family Enchytraeidae, and Earthworms family Lumbricida, Species of Chilopoda, Diplopoda, mites, land snails and slugs. The highest total individual number were recorded recorded durim moderate temperature months, February, March and April amounted to 838, 801 and 813 individuals, respectively.A significant correlation was mated between total number of soil invertebrates and each of temperature, organic matter and humidity. The significant difference in means was calculated according to LSD test.
Molecular Identification of Rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. and Their Antagonistic Impact Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The main aim of this study was to molecular identification and determine the antagonistic impact of rhizosphere Trichoderma spp. against some phytopathogenic fungi, including (Magnaporthe grisea) pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phasolina. Four Trichoderma isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the different host plants in different locations of Egyptian governorates. The morphological characterization of isolated Trichoderma as well as using of (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and data analyses. By comparing the results of DNA sequences of ITS region, the fungi represented one isolate were positively identified as T. asperellum (1 isolate T1) and one as T. longibrachiatum (1 isolate T2) and two as Trichoderma harzianum (2 isolates T3 and T4). The results showed similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence of the two isolates, T1 (T. asperellum) and T2 (T. longibrachiatum) of (99%, 99%), respectively. The similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence with isolates of T3, T4 (T. harzianum) of (99%). On the other side, the results of molecular identification of phytopathogenic fungi represented high similarity value of (5.8S-ITS) region sequence and were identified as P.oryzae, R. solani and M. phasolina (99, 96 and 99%) respectively. Variations and genetic relationships among 4 Trichoderma isolates were investigated by using the Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles using ten random primers. All Trichoderma isolates were assessed for their antagonistic impact on phytopathogens P. oryzae, R. solani and M. phasolina. Though T. harzianum isolates were more affects than T. longibrachiatum and T. asperellum isolates, the percent inhibitory effect among T. harzianum isolates were vary much (44.8 to 91.6%). The inhibitory effect of T. asperellum isolates ranged from 42.2 to (86.0%), while T. longibrachiatum exhibiting affect ranged between (47.5%) to (83.8%).
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Oxazine, Thiazine and Pyrazol Derivatives
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, some chalcone derivatives (C1, C2) were synthesized based on the reaction of equal amount of substituted acetophenone and substituted banzaldehyde in basic medium. Oxazine and thiazine derivatives were prepared from the reaction of chalcones (C1-C2) with urea and thiourea respectively in a basic medium. Pyrazole derivatives were prepared based on the reaction of chalcones with hydrazine mono hydrate or phenyl hydrazine in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. The new synthesized compounds were identified using various physical techniques like1 H-NMR and FT-IR spectra.
Synthesis of New Nucleoside Analogues From Benzimidazole and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Our goal in this research, some new nucleoside analogues was synthesized. Starting from ?-D glucose which was converted to per acetylated ?-D gluco pyronoside then converted to active from(1-Bromo Sugar (2) as a sugar moiety.The base moiety 2-substituted benzimidazole was prepared from condensation of phenylene diamine with different aromatic aldehydes, which were subjected to amino alkylation via Mannich reaction forming new nucleobase derivatives.
Condensation of nucleobase with bromo sugar through nucleophilic substitution of anomeric carbon with nitrogen forming new protected nucleoside analogues then hydrolyzed with sodium methoxide in methanol to obtain our target, the free nucleoside analogues.
All prepared compound were identified by FT-IR Spectroscopy and some of them with H1 –NMR and C13-NMR Spectroscopy.
The synthesized nucleoside analogues were screened for their antibacterial activity in vitro against four types of bacteria including, Bacillus Staphylococcus, aureus (Gram Positive), E.Coli and Pseudoman as (Gram Negative).Also were screened against four types of Fungi (Aspergines flurs, Aspergillus fumgntnts, Aspergillus niger and pencillum).
F-Compact operator on probabilistic Hilbert space
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the F-compact operator defined on probabilistic Hilbert space and gives some of its main properties.
On the Representations of M-Groups
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The main object of this paper is to study the representations of monomial groups and characters technique for representations of monomial groups. We refer to monomial groups by M-groups. Moreover we investigate the relation of monomial groups and solvable groups.
Many applications have been given the symbol G e.g. group of order 297 is an M-group and solvable. For any group G, the factor group G/G? (G? is the derived subgroup of G) is an M-group in particular if G = Sn, SL(4,R).
Assessment of Water Quality and Trophic Status of Duhok Lake Dam
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study is conducted in order to, investigate the trophic state of Duhok Lake Dam located within Duhok city, Iraq. Water samples are collected seasonally from three monitored sites during 2011. The parameters used for assessing water quality and trophic status level include: water temperature, pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD5, nutrients, Secchi disk transparency, and chlorophyll a. The results reveal that DO is above 5 mg.l-1 in all sites, BOD5 value is within permissible level for domestic uses. Water quality considered as a hard type. High sulfate concentration is recorded during the study period. Trophic state shows that water type is classified as mesotrophic during autumn season, while it is regarded as eutrophic in other seasons. TDN/TDP ratio suggests that phosphorus is a limiting factor for algal growth. Based on IWQI, the water type is classified as excellent type for irrigation purpose.
CL-duo modules
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we introduce and study a new concept (up to our knowledge) named CL-duo modules, which is bigger than that of duo modules, and smaller than weak duo module which is given by Ozcan and Harmanci. Several properties are investigated. Also we consider some characterizations of CL-duo modules. Moreover, many relationships are given for this class of modules with other related classes of modules such as weak duo modules, P-duo modules.
Community Structure of Benthic Algae in a Lotic Ecosystem, Karbala Province-Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study focused on benthic algae (epipelic and attached algae on concrete lining stream) in Bani-Hassan stream in Holly Karbala, Iraq. The qualitative and quantitative studies of benthic algae were done by collecting 240 samples from five sites in the study area for the period from December 2012 to November 2013. Also, the environmental variables of the stream were examined in term of temporary and spatial. The results showed that the stream was alkaline, hard, oligohaline and a well aerated. The total nitrogen to the total phosphorus (TN: TP) ratio indicates nitrogen limitation. 129 species of benthic algae belonging to 57 genera were identified. Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) was the predominant taxon (95 species) followed by Chlorophyceae (16 species), Cyanophyceae (14 species), Euglenophyceae (3 species) and Pyrophyceae (one species). Some genera were found throughout the study period: Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Surirella, Cocconeis, Aulacoseira, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Spirulina, and ? Scenedesmus. Site 3 recorded the highest total number of algae in spring 2013, and the lowest total number was at site 5 in Autumn 2013. The chlorophyll-a concentration did not match the total number of algae.