bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of parental anxiety in a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Martin Sarah R , Hung Isaac , Heyming Theodore W , Fortier Michelle A , Kain Zeev N
Published: August 2023

Background

Children experience significant anxiety in the paediatric ED. Although research from preoperative and primary care samples indicates that parents experience anxiety surrounding their children’s medical procedures, less is known about parental anxiety and factors that contribute to higher parental anxiety in the ED. This study aimed to assess parental anxiety in families presenting to a paediatric ED with a variety of presenting concerns and examine demographic and psychological factors associated with parental anxiety.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included parents of children <18 years old presenting to a paediatric ED in Orange County, California, USA, for a non-psychiatric complaint between 20 January 2021 and 26 March 2021. Parents were, on average, 34.76±9.10 years old, 87.5% were mothers, 59.2% identified as non-Latinx and parents reported average levels of mental health (T-score=51.21±9.84). Parent state anxiety was assessed via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and validated instruments were used to measure child temperament (ie,emotionality, activity, sociability, shyness), previous medical anxiety, and parent physical and mental health. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression models.

Results

Out of 201 families screened, 150 were eligible, and 120 enrolled. In the sample, 42.5% of parents endorsed clinically significant levels of anxiety in the ED. Regression analyses indicated that lower child activity temperament (ie, tendency to be less active/energetic;B=−3.20, 95% CI −5.70 to −0.70, p=0.012) and poorer parent mental health (B=−0.31, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.09, p=0.006) were independently associated with higher parent anxiety (F(5, 99)=6.77, p=0.004).

Conclusion

Over 40% of parents sampled endorsed clinically significant anxiety in the paediatric ED. Child temperament, specifically lower activity temperament, and poorer parental mental health were identified as contributors to parent anxiety, whereas clinical condition or severity did not influence parent anxiety. Current results may help identify families in need of additional intervention and may improve patient outcomes.
A study of polarization compensation for quantum networks
Authors: Peranić Matej , Clark Marcus , Wang Rui , Bahrani Sima , Alia Obada , Wengerowsky Sören , Radman Anton , Lončarić Martin , Stipčević Mario , Rarity John , Nejabati Reza , Joshi Siddarth Koduru
Published: August 2023

The information-theoretic unconditional security offered by quantum key distribution has spurred the development of larger quantum communication networks. However, as these networks grow so does the strong need to reduce complexity and overheads. Polarization-based entanglement distribution networks are a promising approach due to their scalability and no need for trusted nodes. Nevertheless, they are only viable if the birefringence of all-optical distribution fibres in the network is compensated to preserve the polarization-based quantum state. The brute force approach would require a few hundred fibre polarization controllers for even a moderately sized network. Instead, we propose and investigate four different realizations of polarization compensation schemes that can be used in quantum networks. We compare them based on the type of reference signals, complexity, effort, level of disruption to network operations and performance on a four-user quantum network.
Unstable graphs and packing into fifth power
Authors: Alzohairi Mohammad , Louleb Tarak , Sayar Mohamed Y.
Published: August 2023

In a graph [Formula: see text], a subset [Formula: see text] of the vertex set [Formula: see text] is a module (or interval, clan) of [Formula: see text] if every vertex outside [Formula: see text] is adjacent to all or none of [Formula: see text]. The empty set, the singleton sets, and the full set of vertices are trivial modules. The graph [Formula: see text] is indecomposable (or prime) if all its modules are trivial. If [Formula: see text] is indecomposable, we say that an edge [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is a removable edge if [Formula: see text] is indecomposable (here [Formula: see text]). The graph [Formula: see text] is said to be unstable if it has no removable edges. For a positive integer [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]th power [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is the graph obtained from [Formula: see text] by adding an edge between all pairs of vertices of [Formula: see text] with distance at most [Formula: see text]. A graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] (i.e., [Formula: see text]) is said to be [Formula: see text]-placeable into [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] contains [Formula: see text] edge-disjoint copies of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we answer a question, suggested by Boudabbous in a personal communication, concerning unstable graphs and packing into their fifth power as follows: First, we give a characterization of the unstable graphs which is deduced from the results given by Ehrenfeucht, Harju and Rozenberg (the theory of [Formula: see text]-structures: a framework for decomposition and transformation of graphs). Second, we prove that every unstable graph [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-placeable into [Formula: see text].
DIEU: A Dynamic Interaction Emotion Unit for Emotion Recognition in Conversation
Authors: Zhao Shu , Liu Weifeng , Chen Jie , Sun Xiao
Published: August 2023

Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is challenging because the conversation takes place in real time and the speakers interact with each other. However, existing methods ignore the dynamic characteristics of interaction between speakers, and the problem of long-range context propagation still exists. In this article, we propose a dynamic interaction emotion unit to solve the preceding problems on the transcription of the conversation. First, we propose a main influence interval search algorithm to provide a dynamic interaction interval for each utterance. Then, we utilize the speaker-aware influence module and the two-stream context module to capture the dynamic interaction and the contextual information from this interval. Furthermore, to obtain the speaker state representation rich in emotional information, we propose a novel dynamic routing algorithm to fuse the preceding information. These well-integrated state representations also enable our model to capture contextual information at a longer distance. Experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Using Genetic Programming to Build Self-Adaptivity into Software-Defined Networks
Authors: Li Jia , Nejati Shiva , Sabetzadeh Mehrdad
Published: August 2023

Self-adaptation solutions need to periodically monitor, reason about, and adapt a running system. The adaptation step involves generating an adaptation strategy and applying it to the running system whenever an anomaly arises. In this article, we argue that rather than generating individual adaptation strategies, the goal should be to adapt the control logic of the running system in such a way that the system itself would learn how to steer clear of future anomalies, without triggering self-adaptation too frequently. Although the need for adaptation is never eliminated, especially noting the uncertain and evolving environment of complex systems, reducing the frequency of adaptation interventions is advantageous for various reasons, such as to increase performance and to make a running system more robust.

We instantiate and empirically examine the preceding idea for software-defined networking—a key enabling technology for modern data centers and Internet of Things applications. Using genetic programming (GP), we propose a self-adaptation solution that continuously learns and updates the control constructs in the data-forwarding logic of a software-defined network. Our evaluation, performed using open source synthetic and industrial data, indicates that compared to a baseline adaptation technique that attempts to generate individual adaptations, our GP-based approach is more effective in resolving network congestion, and further, it reduces the frequency of adaptation interventions over time. In addition, we show that for networks with the same topology, reusing over larger networks the knowledge that is learned on smaller networks leads to significant improvements in the performance of our GP-based adaptation approach. Finally, we compare our approach against a standard data-forwarding algorithm from the network literature, demonstrating that our approach significantly reduces packet loss.
Interfacial Dynamics Pioneer Stephen H. Davis (1939–2021)
Authors: Miksis Michael J. , Neitzel G. Paul , Voorhees Peter W.
Published: August 2023

Stephen H. Davis (1939–2021) was an applied mathematician, fluid dynamicist, and materials scientist who lead the field in his contributions to interfacial dynamics, thermal convection, thin films, and solidification for over 50 years. Here, we briefly review his personal and professional life and some of his most significant contributions to the field.
Gene–exercise interaction on brain health in children with overweight/obesity: the ActiveBrains randomized controlled trial
Authors: Plaza-Florido Abel , Esteban-Cornejo Irene , Mora-Gonzalez Jose , Torres-Lopez Lucia V. , Osuna-Prieto Francisco J. , Gil-Cosano Jose J. , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , Labayen Idoia , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Altmäe Signe , Ortega Francisco B.
Published: August 2023

Interindividual differences have been reported in brain health-related outcomes in response to exercise interventions in adults, which could be partially explained by genetic background differences. However, the role of genetic polymorphisms on brain health-related outcomes in response to exercise interventions remains unexplored in pediatric population. The current study in children with overweight/obesity showed that a genetic score composed of six brain health-related polymorphisms ( BDNF, CREB1, NTRK2, COMT, and APOE) regulated the exercise-induced response on several brain health outcomes, yet mainly and more consistently on cognitive flexibility.
Mechanical ventilation decreases tidal volume heterogeneity but increases heterogeneity in end-expiratory volumes
Authors: Preissner Melissa , Song Yong , Trevascus David , Zosky Graeme R. , Dubsky Stephen
Published: August 2023

Tidal volume heterogeneity decreases over time in response to mechanical ventilation, in contrast to end-expiratory volume heterogeneity which increases.
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Free-Ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Suburban and Rural Areas in Spain
Authors: Encinas Paloma , Escalera Alba , Aydillo Teresa , Iglesias Irene , Nelson Martha I. , García-Sastre Adolfo , del Real Gustavo
Published: August 2023

Effective control of zoonotic infectious diseases requires identifying the animal species involved in the infectious cycle as transmitters or reservoirs where the pathogen could persist and evolve, increasing the risk of reintroduction of new variants in humans and animals. Multiple surveillance studies have detected the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or specific antibodies in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in North America, being the wild mammal species with the most reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, so far, all attempts to detect the infection in European cervids have been unsuccessful. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in European fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain. However, all samples of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), taxonomically related to the American white-tailed deer, were seronegative for the virus. We tested 215 serum samples from roe deer (n = 116), red deer (n = 63), and fallow deer (n = 36) collected in eight provinces of central-southern Spain between 2017 and 2022. We first screened sera by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) ELISA based on the binding of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and then confirmed positive samples by a conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT) against the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. Four fallow deer and two red deer samples were seropositive in both neutralization assays. Four samples of fallow deer and one of red deer, collected in a suburban park near Madrid in February 2022, had antibodies against the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, while a seropositive sample of red deer, collected in a rural area in February 2021, was specific for the Delta variant. All samples collected before the start of the pandemic in Spain were seronegative for sVNT, which also indicates that there are not cross-reactive antibodies potentially elicited by other viruses antigenically related to SARS-CoV-2. The results indicate probable human-to-deer transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but do not clarify whether there was subsequent spread within herds.
Cervical Microbiota Influences Cytokine Diversity in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia among Rural Women in the Akyemansa District of Ghana
Authors: Blay Mensah Loretta Betty , Ken-Amoah Sebastian , Essuman Mainprice Akuoko , Anane-Fenin Betty , Agbeno Evans Kofi , Eliason Sebastian , Essien-Baidoo Samuel
Published: August 2023

Background. In recent times, cervical dysbiosis which mostly causes and aggravates infections is highlighted for its role in immune modulation in cervical dysplasia, which promotes the shifting of Th1 phenotype immunity to Th2 phenotype immunity. This study therefore estimated and compared the levels of circulatory IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ cytokines among adult women identified to have different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and with cervicovaginal infection. Methods. A total of 157 participants were recruited from the Akyemansa District of Ghana, and cervical swabs and blood samples were taken. The Pap smear test, microbiological culture, and ELISA were employed for cytology analysis, bacteria isolation, and identification and estimation of IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ cytokines, respectively. Results. Overall, 14/157 (8.9%) had CIN with 7.6% having CIN 1 and 1.3% having CIN 2. The main predictor for CIN was age above 46 years (OR 11.16, 95% CI: 2.4‐51.8). Bacterial vaginosis (p = 0.003) and Candida infection (p = 0.012) were significantly higher in CIN. Again, Staphylococcus aureus (60% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.005), Citrobacter sp. (40.0% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.017), and Morganella morganii (40.0% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.002) isolates were significantly higher in CIN‐positive participants. IL‐10 and TNF‐α concentrations were elevated in participants with CIN 1+ (TNF‐α NIL vs. CIN 1+ only, p < 0.05) while IL‐6 was decreased among participants with CIN 1+. In the presence of vaginal infection, TNF‐α decreased among CIN 1+ participants while IL‐10 remained elevated. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that cervical dysbiosis causes immune suppression, which creates a suitable microenvironment for the development of CIN.
Design and Characterization of a Compact Four-Element Microstrip Array Antenna for WiFi-5/6 Routers
Authors: Paul Liton Chandra , Ankan Sarker Saleh Ahmed , Rani Tithi , Jim Md. Tanvir Rahman , Karaaslan Muharrem , Shezan Sk. A. , Wang Lulu
Published: August 2023

The WiFi-5 band was the most popular WiFi band until the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced a new spectrum of 6 GHz WiFi (5.925–7.125 GHz) for unlicensed users. Our proposed work is about to cover both the 5 GHz and 6 GHz WiFi bands. These two bands have a great impact in the wireless communication field. A low-loss Rogers RT 5880 material is used as the substrate layer, which helps us to make the antenna compact (

23
×
40
×
0.79

 mm3) keeping a good performance profile over the latest high-speed WiFi-5/6 band. The proposed antenna covers a huge bandwidth (simulated BW: 2.85 GHz ranging from 4.50 to 7.35 GHz and measured BW: 2.83 GHz ranging from 4.50 to 7.33 GHz), which can be used for the latest WiFi-5 and WiFi-6 routers. The antenna also has omnidirectional properties. Besides that, the gain and directivity of the antenna are quite good, and the measured results buttress the simulated results. The presented different detail parametric studies indicate the antenna’s optimization level, which is excellent. The minimum values of reflection coefficient and voltage standing wave ratio make it a compatible candidate for the implementation of high-speed WiFi-5/6 routers.
Comparison of Weight‐Gain‐Based Prediction Models for Retinopathy of Prematurity in an Australian Population
Authors: Bremner Alexander , Chan Li Yen , Jones Courtney , Shah Shaheen P.
Published: August 2023

Purpose. Four weight‐gain‐based algorithms are compared for the prediction of type 1 ROP in an Australian cohort: the weight, insulin‐like growth factor, neonatal retinopathy of prematurity (WINROP) algorithm, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Retinopathy of Prematurity (CHOPROP), the Colorado Retinopathy of Prematurity (CO‐ROP) algorithm, and the postnatal growth, retinopathy of prematurity (G‐ROP) algorithm. Methods. A four‐year retrospective cohort analysis of infants screened for ROP in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Brisbane, Australia. The main outcome measures were sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values. Results. 531 infants were included (mean gestational age 28 + 3). 24 infants (4.5%) developed type 1 ROP. The sensitivities, specificities, and negative predictive values, respectively, for type 1 ROP (95% confidence intervals) were for WINROP 83.3% (61.1–93.3%), 52.3% (47.8–56.7%), and 98.4% (96.1–99.4%); for CHOPROP 100% (86.2–100%), 46.0% (41.7–50,3%), and 100% (98.4–100%); for CO‐ROP 100% (86.2–100%), 32.0% (28.0%–36.1%), and 100% (98.3–100%); and for G‐ROP 100% (86.2–100%), 28.2% (24.5–32.3%), and 100% (97.4–100%). Of the five infants with persistent nontype 1 ROP that underwent treatment, only CO‐ROP was able to successfully identify all. Conclusions. CHOPROP, CO‐ROP, and G‐ROP performed well in this Australian population. CHOPROP, CO‐ROP, and G‐ROP would reduce the number of infants requiring examinations by 43.9%, 30.5%, and 26.9%, respectively, compared to current ROP screening guidelines. Weight‐gain‐based algorithms would be a useful adjunct to the current ROP screening.
Electronic-, Optical-, and Temperature-Dependent Carrier Mobility Simulations of Perovskite-Type Liganded PbS Quantum Dot Array
Authors: Kumakura Kenta , Chen Chih-Chieh , Sogabe Tomah
Published: August 2023

Recent experimental results suggest that higher mobility of perovskite-type ligand passivated PbS quantum dots (QDs) could be useful for efficient solar cell applications. However, theoretical understanding of the mechanism through first principal modeling is still lacking. In this study, electronic-, optical-, and temperature-dependent carrier mobility for perovskite ligand passivated PbS QD array is calculated by using the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) technique and a molecular dynamics (MD)-Landauer approach. It is found that formamidinium (FA)-liganded QDs have higher mobility and enhanced optical absorption comparing to that of Cl-liganded QDs. The difference could be understood through the intermediate band featured electronic structure.
Identification of Corrosive Volatile Compounds Found in the Headspace of Chicken Noodle Soup Retorted in Metal Cans
Authors: Wu Yajun , Ruffley Ken , Dhuey Elliot , Hadad Christopher M. , Pascall Melvin A.
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the development of volatile compounds in the headspace of canned chicken noodle soup (and sought to develop appropriate testing methods). The primary objective of this study was to identify compounds in the soup that were responsible for the initiation of the corrosion in the cans. The long-term goal of these studies is to develop an efficient method to investigate how headspace volatile compounds in foods could cause corrosion defects in metal cans and how these could be corrected without undermining the quality and safety of the food. To determine and to evaluate the volatile compounds in the canned soups, selected ion flow tube–mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) was used. The coatings of the tested cans were carefully stripped off and analyzed using this SIFT-MS method. High levels of sulfur-containing volatile compounds and organic acids were detected in both the soups and the coatings. It was concluded that during the retorting of the sealed cans filled with chicken soup, sulfur-containing volatile compounds formed and entered the headspace of the tested cans and interacted with the coating, leading to the formation of blackened stains.
New-Onset Diabetes after an Obesity-Related Cancer Diagnosis and Survival Outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Karra Prasoona , Hardikar Sheetal , Winn Maci , Anderson Garnet L. , Haaland Benjamin , Krick Benjamin , Thomson Cynthia A. , Shadyab Aladdin , Luo Juhua , Saquib Nazmus , Strickler Howard D. , Chlebowski Rowan , Arthur Rhonda S. , Summers Scott A. , Holland William L. , Jalili Thunder , Playdon Mary C.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Individuals diagnosed with an obesity-related cancer (ORC survivors) are at an elevated risk of incident diabetes compared with cancer-free individuals, but whether this confers survival disadvantage is unknown.

Methods:

We assessed the rate of incident diabetes in ORC survivors and evaluated the association of incident diabetes with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among females with ORC in the Women's Health Initiative cohort (N = 14,651). Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by exposure-risk periods (0–1, >1–3, >3–5, >5–7, and >7–10 years) from ORC diagnosis and time-varying exposure (diabetes) analyses were performed.

Results:

Among the ORC survivors, a total of 1.3% developed diabetes within ≤1 year of follow-up and 2.5%, 2.3%, 2.3%, and 3.6% at 1–3, 3–5, 5–7, and 7–10 years of follow-up, respectively, after an ORC diagnosis. The median survival for those diagnosed with diabetes within 1-year of cancer diagnosis and those with no diabetes diagnosis in that time frame was 8.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.0–14.5) years and 16.6 (95% CI, 16.1–17.0) years, respectively. New-onset compared with no diabetes as a time-varying exposure was associated with higher risk of all-cause (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16–1.40) and cancer-specific (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.99–1.38) mortality. When stratified by exposure-risk periods, incident diabetes in ≤1 year of follow-up was associated with higher all-cause (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.40–2.20) and cancer-specific (HR0–1, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.28–2.57) mortality, compared with no diabetes diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Incident diabetes was associated with worse cancer-specific and all-cause survival, particularly in the year after cancer diagnosis.

Impact:

These findings draw attention to the importance of diabetes prevention efforts among cancer survivors to improve survival outcomes.
Radiotherapy-induced Immune Response Enhanced by Selective HDAC6 Inhibition
Authors: Noonepalle Satish Kumar R. , Grindrod Scott , Aghdam Nima , Li Xintang , Gracia-Hernandez Maria , Zevallos-Delgado Christian , Jung Mira , Villagra Alejandro , Dritschilo Anatoly
Published: August 2023

Radiotherapy is a curative cancer treatment modality that imparts damage to cellular DNA, induces immunogenic cell death, and activates antitumor immunity. Despite the radiotherapy-induced direct antitumor effect seen within the treated volume, accumulating evidence indicates activation of innate antitumor immunity. Acute proinflammatory responses mediated by anticancer M1 macrophages are observed in the immediate aftermath following radiotherapy. However, after a few days, these M1 macrophages are converted to anti-inflammatory and pro-cancer M2 phenotype, leading to cancer resistance and underlying potential tumor relapse. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a crucial role in regulating macrophage polarization and innate immune responses. Here, we report targeting HDAC6 function with a novel selective inhibitor (SP-2-225) as a potential therapeutic candidate for combination therapy with radiotherapy. This resulted in decreased tumor growth and enhanced M1/M2 ratio of infiltrating macrophages within tumors. These observations support the use of selective HDAC6 inhibitors to improve antitumor immune responses and prevent tumor relapse after radiotherapy.
Impactos da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida de idosos de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família
Authors: Limonge Livia Gomes , Shinkai Roberta Mayumi Gonçalves , Formigosa Caio de Araújo Corrêa , Pessoa Monaliza dos Santos
Published: August 2023

Com o atual processo de envelhecimento da população, os problemas de saúde mais prevalentes desse grupo etário entram em foco como as síndromes geriátricas. Neste quadro, a incontinência urinária (IU) é inserida como algo a ser cada vez mais abordado devido ao seu grande potencial de afetar a qualidade de vida e a autonomia da pessoa idosa. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa objetivou verificar a influência da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida dos idosos de uma Estratégia Saúde da Família em Belém/PA. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e quantitativa. Foram efetuadas entrevistas com 70 idosos atendidos na Estratégia para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e dados da saúde atual, assim como a aplicação do questionário ICIQ-SF (Internacional Consultation On Incontinence Quetionnaire – Short Form). Houve prevalência de 44% de IU entre os idosos, com predominância em mulheres (81%). As características dessa perda urinária foram predominantemente de perda pouco frequente (1 vez por semana ou menos) e de pouca quantidade. No quesito qualidade de vida, revelou-se grupos de impacto moderado-severo, semelhante ao encontrado em pesquisas anteriores. Ademais, muitos idosos não relataram impactos na qualidade de vida, apesar da IU, indicando conformidade com a patologia instalada devido a um processo de naturalização indicado por outros estudos. Conclui-se que a prevalência e o impacto na qualidade de vida da IU na região são altos.
Em toda parte, em parte nenhuma: considerações sobre a Torre do Relógio, monumento-símbolo da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Herbst Helio
Published: August 2023

No dia 17 de dezembro de 1968, quatro dias após a promulgação do Ato Institucional n. 5 (AI-5), o Conjunto Residencial da Universidade de São Paulo (Crusp) amanheceu cercado por tanques de guerra. Mais de mil estudantes foram interrogados; muitos deles presos ou perseguidos, com desdobramentos funestos. O principal núcleo de convívio e resistência da universidade, naquele instante, foi desocupado. Lindeiro aos blocos, um amplo descampado aguardava ser transformado, pela via do projeto, em um palco aberto a manifestações culturais e políticas. Nesta ágora moderna seria implantado um conjunto de edifícios, com finalidades diversas, e um monumento de feições totêmicas, conhecido como Torre do Relógio. Sua inserção na Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira (Cuaso), sede da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), constitui o objeto de investigação do presente artigo. Em um primeiro bloco são apresentadas as diferentes acepções de sociabilidade propostas para a universidade e, mais particularmente, analisadas as versões de projeto para o núcleo central de convivência. O segundo bloco examina as intenções de projeto do monumento concebido por Rino Levi e Elisabeth Nobiling, levando-se em consideração a apropriação do território universitário pelo Movimento Estudantil (ME) durante o processo de redemocratização política brasileira dos anos 1960-1970. Interessa-nos, neste recorte, examinar os horrores do passado para que possamos evitar retrocessos no futuro.
Uso de serviços odontológicos em adultos de uma coorte de nascimentos no sul do Brasil
Authors: Borges Rafaela do Carmo , Echeverria Mariana Silveira , Karam Sarah Arangurem , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: August 2023

OBJETIVO: Mensurar a prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano e os fatores associados em adultos de 31 anos pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos de 1982. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, aninhado na coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982. Em 1997, uma amostra sistemática de 27% dos setores censitários da cidade foi realizada e todos os domicílios desses setores foram visitados, onde 1.076 adolescentes de 15 anos foram entrevistados. Para os estudos de saúde bucal foram sorteados aleatoriamente 900 desses indivíduos, que foram acompanhados também aos 24 e 31 anos. O estudo utilizou dados coletados de 523 indivíduos em 2013 (aos 31 anos). O desfecho foi a ida ao dentista (uso do serviço) no último ano. Fatores demográficos, (sexo), socioeconômicos (renda, escolaridade) e de saúde bucal (motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, autopercepção de saúde bucal, dor e experiência de cárie - CPOD) foram utilizados como variáveis independentes. As razões de prevalência foram estimadas usando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano foi de 55,3% (IC95%: 51,0 –59,5%). Na análise ajustada, o motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, a autopercepção de saúde bucal e o CPOD foram associados ao desfecho. Foi encontrada maior associação com a utilização de serviços odontológicos em indivíduos que visitaram por prevenção e usaram o serviço privado, satisfeitos com a sua saúde bucal e que tinham maior experiência de cárie. CONCLUSÃO: 55,3% da amostra da coorte utilizaram os seviços odontológicos no último ano. Os indivíduos que visitaram o dentista por motivo preventivo, em consulta privada, que estavam muito satisfeitos ou satisfeitos com sua saúde bucal utilizaram em maior proporção esses serviços. Além disso, o maior índice de CPOD também levou ao maior uso.
Subtyping Severe Hypercholesterolemia by Genetic Determinant to Stratify Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Berry Alexander S.F. , Jones Laney K. , Sijbrands Eric J. , Gidding Samuel S. , Oetjens Matthew T.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Severe hypercholesterolemia, defined as LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C) measurement ≥190 mg/dL, is associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Causes of severe hypercholesterolemia include monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, polygenic hypercholesterolemia, elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] hypercholesteremia, polygenic hypercholesterolemia with elevated Lp(a) (two-hit), or nongenetic hypercholesterolemia. The added value of using a genetics approach to stratifying risk of incident CAD among those with severe hypercholesterolemia versus using LDL-C levels alone for risk stratification is not known.

METHODS:

To determine whether risk stratification by genetic cause provided better 10-year incident CAD risk stratification than LDL-C level, a retrospective cohort study comparing incident CAD risk among severe hypercholesterolemia subtypes (genetic and nongenetic causes) was performed among 130 091 UK Biobank participants. Analyses were limited to unrelated, White British or Irish participants with available exome sequencing data. Participants with cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded from analyses of incident CAD.

RESULTS:

Of 130 091 individuals, 68 416 (52.6%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 56.7 (8.0) years. Of the cohort, 9.0% met severe hypercholesterolemia criteria. Participants with LDL-C between 210 and 229 mg/dL and LDL-C ≥230 mg/dL showed modest increases in incident CAD risk relative to those with LDL-C between 190 and 209 mg/dL (210–229 mg/dL: hazard ratio [HR], 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1–1.7]; ≥230 mg/dL: HR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.0–1.7]). In contrast, when risk was stratified by genetic subtype, monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, elevated Lp(a), and two-hit hypercholesterolemia subtypes had increased rates of incident CAD relative to the nongenetic hypercholesterolemia subtype (monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia: HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.4–4.0]; elevated Lp(a): HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2–2.0]; two-hit: HR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4–2.6]), while polygenic hypercholesterolemia did not.

CONCLUSIONS:

Genetics-based subtyping for monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia and Lp(a) in those with severe hypercholesterolemia provided better stratification of 10-year incident CAD risk than LDL-C-based stratification.
Plasminogen Receptors Promote Lipoprotein(a) Uptake by Enhancing Surface Binding and Facilitating Macropinocytosis
Authors: Siddiqui Halima , Deo Nikita , Rutledge Malcolm T. , Williams Michael J.A. , Redpath Gregory M.I. , McCormick Sally P.A.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

High levels of Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) are associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) consists of an apoB
100
-containing particle attached to the plasminogen homologue apo(a). The pathways for Lp(a) clearance are not well understood. We previously discovered that the plasminogen receptor PlgRKT (plasminogen receptor with a C-terminal lysine) promoted Lp(a) uptake in liver cells. Here, we aimed to further define the role of PlgRKT and to investigate the role of 2 other plasminogen receptors, annexin A2 and S100A10 (S100 calcium-binding protein A10) in the endocytosis of Lp(a).

METHODS:

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and haploid human fibroblast-like (HAP1) cells were used for overexpression and knockout of plasminogen receptors. The uptake of Lp(a), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), apo(a), and endocytic cargos was visualized and quantified by confocal microscopy and Western blotting.

RESULTS:

The uptake of both Lp(a) and apo(a), but not LDL, was significantly increased in HepG2 and HAP1 cells overexpressing PlgRKT, annexin A2, or S100A10. Conversely, Lp(a) and apo(a), but not LDL, uptake was significantly reduced in HAP1 cells in which PlgRKT and S100A10 were knocked out. Surface binding studies in HepG2 cells showed that overexpression of PlgRKT, but not annexin A2 or S100A10, increased Lp(a) and apo(a) plasma membrane binding. Annexin A2 and S100A10, on the other hand, appeared to regulate macropinocytosis with both proteins significantly increasing the uptake of the macropinocytosis marker dextran when overexpressed in HepG2 and HAP1 cells and knockout of S100A10 significantly reducing dextran uptake. Bringing these observations together, we tested the effect of a PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) inhibitor, known to inhibit macropinocytosis, on Lp(a) uptake. Results showed a concentration-dependent reduction confirming that Lp(a) uptake was indeed mediated by macropinocytosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings uncover a novel pathway for Lp(a) endocytosis involving multiple plasminogen receptors that enhance surface binding and stimulate macropinocytosis of Lp(a). Although the findings were produced in cell culture models that have limitations, they could have clinical relevance since drugs that inhibit macropinocytosis are in clinical use, that is, the PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy and some antidepressant compounds.
Sex and Gene Influence Arrhythmia Susceptibility in Murine Models of Calmodulinopathy
Authors: Wren Lisa M. , DeKeyser Jean-Marc , Barefield David Y. , Hawkins Nicole A. , McNally Elizabeth M. , Kearney Jennifer A. , Wasserstrom J. Andrew , George Alfred L.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Pathogenic variants in genes encoding CaM (calmodulin) are associated with a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia syndrome (calmodulinopathy). The in vivo consequences of CaM variants have not been studied extensively and there is incomplete understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship for recurrent variants. We investigated effects of different factors on calmodulinopathy phenotypes using 2 mouse models with a recurrent pathogenic variant (N98S) in
Calm1
or
Calm2
.

METHODS:

Genetically engineered mice with heterozygous N98S pathogenic variants in
Calm1
or
Calm2
were generated. Differences between the sexes and affected genes were assessed using multiple physiological assays at the cellular and whole animal levels. Statistical significance among groups was evaluated using 1-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test when data were not normally distributed.

RESULTS:

Calm1
N98S/+

(

Calm1
S/+

) or

Calm2
N98S/+

(

Calm2
S/+

) mice exhibited sinus bradycardia and were more susceptible to arrhythmias after exposure to epinephrine and caffeine. Male

Calm1
S/+

mice had the most severe arrhythmia phenotype with evidence of early embryonic lethality, greater susceptibility for arrhythmic events, frequent premature beats, corrected QT prolongation, and more heart rate variability after epinephrine and caffeine than females with the same genotype.

Calm2
S/+

mice exhibited a less severe phenotype, with female

Calm2
S/+

mice having the least severe arrhythmia susceptibility. Flecainide was not effective in preventing arrhythmias in heterozygous CaM-N98S mice. Intracellular Ca
2+
transients observed in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from male heterozygous CaM-N98S mice had lower peak amplitudes and slower sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
release following in vitro exposure to epinephrine and caffeine, which were not observed in cardiomyocytes from heterozygous female CaM-N98S mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

We report heterogeneity in arrhythmia susceptibility and cardiomyocyte Ca
2+
dynamics among male and female mice heterozygous for a recurrent pathogenic variant in
Calm1
or
Calm2
, illustrating a complex calmodulinopathy phenotype in vivo. Further investigation of sex and genetic differences may help identify the molecular basis for this heterogeneity.
Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccination Antibody Levels
Authors: Strobel Raymond J. , Narahari Adishesh K. , Rotar Evan P. , Young Andrew M. , Vergales Jeffrey , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Teman Nicholas R. , Kern John A. , Yarboro Leora T. , Kron Irving L. , Nelson Michael R. , Roeser Mark
Published: August 2023

Background

Adults undergoing heart surgery are particularly vulnerable to respiratory complications, including COVID‐19. Immunization can significantly reduce this risk; however, the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on immunization status is unknown. We sought to evaluate the effect of CPB on COVID‐19 vaccination antibody concentration after cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

This prospective observational clinical trial evaluated adult participants undergoing cardiac surgery requiring CPB at a single institution. All participants received a full primary COVID‐19 vaccination series before CPB. SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐specific antibody concentrations were measured before CPB (pre‐CPB measurement), 24 hours following CPB (postoperative day 1 measurement), and approximately 1 month following their procedure. Relationships between demographic or surgical variables and change in antibody concentration were assessed via linear regression. A total of 77 participants were enrolled in the study and underwent surgery. Among all participants, mean antibody concentration was significantly decreased on postoperative day 1, relative to pre‐CPB levels (−2091 AU/mL,
P
<0.001). Antibody concentration increased between postoperative day 1and 1 month post CPB measurement (2465 AU/mL,
P
=0.015). Importantly, no significant difference was observed between pre‐CPB and 1 month post CPB concentrations (
P
=0.983). Two participants (2.63%) developed symptomatic COVID‐19 pneumonia postoperatively; 1 case of postoperative COVID‐19 pneumonia resulted in mortality (1.3%).

Conclusions

COVID‐19 vaccine antibody concentrations were significantly reduced in the short‐term following CPB but returned to pre‐CPB levels within 1 month. One case of postoperative COVID 19 pneumonia‐specific mortality was observed. These findings suggest the need for heightened precautions in the perioperative period for cardiac surgery patients.
The Rabbinic Courtroom Oath in Its Roman Context
Authors: Novick Tzvi
Published: August 2023

In this article the argument is made that the rabbinic courtroom oath reflects the influence of Roman law. Despite substantial differences, the rabbinic courtroom oath, like its Roman counterpart, represents, in part, a product of negotiation between the litigants – owed by one party to another; capable of modification at the parties’ discretion, and even of forgiveness; comparable to the litigant-driven process of judicial selection – and an arbitration-like tool for dispute resolution.
Do Political Parties Represent Voters’ Preference? A Clustering Analysis of Korea’s Local Election of 2018
Authors: Lee Hyun-Chool , Repkine Alexandre
Published: August 2023

We employ the results of a survey conducted on two thousand voters that have participated in Korean local election of 2018 to perform clustering analysis of Korean voters’ preferences. We attempt to test the hypothesis of these preferences being adequately represented by the five major political parties. We find that there was likely a significant mismatch between Korean voters and the five voting camps identified under the assumption of five being an optimal number of the voting clusters. After relaxing this assumption we found that the optimal number of voting camps in Korea is two or three, suggesting that a two or a tri-partite political party system would have been a more adequate match representing Korean voters’ preferences in 2018.
On Counterfactual Reasoning
Authors: Kühl Carl Erik
Published: August 2023

Counterfactual reasoning has always played a role in human life. We ask questions like, “Could it have been different?,” “Under which conditions might/would it have been different?,” and “What would have happened if … ?” If we do not find an answer, i.e., what we accept as an answer, we may start reasoning. Reasoning means introducing new information or assumptions, new questions, new answers to new questions, and so on. From a formal point of view, reasoning may be compared with moving stepwise toward a destination in a path system without ever achieving an overview of the system. Seen in this way, reasoning is an activity with its own rationale, which must be studied from the agent’s own perspective. This paper explores the following query: Which conditions are necessarily fulfilled when the act of posing a specific question, or of introducing a particular piece of information or assumption, etc., may count as a step toward the answer to the initial question?
An Iterative Approach toward Development of Ensemble Visualization Techniques for High-Impact Winter Weather Hazards: Part I: Product Development
Authors: Radford Jacob T. , Lackmann Gary M. , Goodwin Jean , Correia James , Harnos Kirstin
Published: August 2023

We applied social science research principles to develop a suite of probabilistic winter weather forecasting visualizations for High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast (HREF) system output. This was achieved through an iterative, dialogic process with U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to design nine new web-based, interactive products aimed toward improving visualizations of winter weather event magnitudes, characteristics, and timing. These products were influenced by feedback from a preliminary focus group, which emphasized the importance of product credibility, contextualization, and scalability. In a follow-up discussion, winter weather forecasting experts found the event timing products to have the greatest utility due to their association with impact-decision support services (IDSS). Furthermore, forecasters assessed snowfall rates as the most impactful variable rather than snowfall totals and radar reflectivity. The timing products include plots of probabilistic snowfall onset time and duration, rush hour intersection probabilities, and a combination meteogram. The onset and duration plots visualize the ensemble-average onset time and duration of a specified snowfall rate, as demonstrated in previous works, but with the addition of uncertainty information by visualizing the earliest, most likely, and latest potential onset times as well as the shortest, most likely, and longest potential durations. The rush hour product visualizes the probability of exceeding a specified snowfall rate during local commutes, and the combination meteogram allows rapid identification of high-impact periods by encoding probabilities of precipitation, precipitation-type probabilities, and average rates into one graphical tool. Examples of these interactive products are maintained on our companion website: www.visweather.com/bams2023.
The Evaluation of Adropin and Autotaxin as Potential Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Preeclampsia
Authors: Karaca Ece , Ercan Celal Caner , Akdemir Celal , Sivrikoz Tugba Sarac , Salmaslioglu Artur , Verit Fatma Ferda , Gurdol Figen , Omer Beyhan
Published: August 2023

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). There is a need for non-invasive methods to assess endothelial function in preeclamptic patients. In the present study, adropin, autotaxin (ATX), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) were evaluated as indicators of ED. Patients diagnosed with PE and healthy pregnant women (n = 42 for each group) were compared. After measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD), the participants were stratified as ED (+) or ED (−) based on a cut-off value of 6.5%. The PE patients were divided as early/late onset PE and severe/mild PE. Adropin, ATX, and LPA levels were measured, and their relevance to ED was evaluated. Student t, Mann–Whitney U, or ANOVA tests were used for statistics, as appropriate. Adropin levels were diminished in the ED (+) group, whereas ATX and LPA levels were increased. The decrease in adropin levels was more pronounced in severe PE, showing a positive correlation with the FMD. In the logistic regression model, adropin was the only parameter that was an independent variable for the FMD test (P < .001). Adropin measurements in serum may be of value for disease follow-up in patients with PE.
A History of the Lunatic Reception House, Darlinghurst
Authors: Wallace Duncan
Published: August 2023

The Lunatic Reception House at Darlinghurst operated between 1868 and 1961. Established to remove the stigma of criminality from the care of the insane, it operated as an observation ward and was for most of its time the sole portal of entry into metropolitan psychiatric hospitals In Sydney. An account of its inception and notable aspects of its history, with particular reference to lunacy legislation, is presented.
Legacies of Survival: Historical Violence and Ethnic Minority Behavior
Authors: Haran Diman Amiad , Miodownik Dan
Published: August 2023

How is the electoral behavior of minorities shaped by past violence? Recent studies found that displacement increases hostility between perpetrators and displaced individuals, but there has been paltry research on members of surviving communities. We argue that the latter exhibit the opposite pattern because of their different condition. Violence will cause cross-generational vulnerability, fear and risk-aversion—leading the surviving communities to seek protection and avoid conflict by signalling loyalty and rejecting nationalist movements. In their situation as an excluded minority in the perpetrators’ state, they will be more likely to vote for out-group parties. Exploiting exogenous battlefield dynamics that created inter-regional variation in the Palestinian exodus (1947–1949), microlevel measurements that capture the damage of violence, and an original longitudinal data set, we show that Palestinian villages in Israel more severely impacted by the 1948 war have a much higher vote share to Jewish parties even 70 years later. Survey evidence further supports our theory, revealing that this pattern exists only for members of the surviving communities, and not among displaced individuals. The findings shed new light on the complex social relations that guide political decision-making in post-war settings and divided societies that suffer from protracted conflicts.