bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome predictors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving intraarticular corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Diwasasri Anindya , Sumadiono Sumadiono , Mulatsih Sri
Published: January 2020

Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It can continue into adulthood and cause severe joint damage, resulting in disability and decreased quality of life.

Objective To determine the predictors of clinical outcomes in JIA patients receiving intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACS).

Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with JIA receiving IACS therapy in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017 by reviewing data from medical records. The dependent variables were disabilities and early remission time. Independent variables included age at diagnosis, JIA subtype, duration of disease at first diagnosis, timing of IACS, exposure to oral systemic therapy, as well as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) test results. External variables were gender and nutritional status.

Results Of 36 patients who received intraarticular corticosteroid injections, 28 (77.8%) experienced remission, and 16 (50%) experienced disabilities. Female subjects (OR 5.296; 95%CI 1.143 to 24.548; P=0.027) and subjects with ESR >26 mm/h (OR 2; 95%CI 1.259 to 3.170; P=0.043) were more likely to have disabilities. Use of oral corticosteroids for ≤3 months and IACS treatment ≤ 3 months after diagnosis were  predictors of early remission time (OR 6.897; 95%CI 1.869 to 25 and OR 3.290; 95%CI 1.195 to 9.091, respectively). However, only oral corticosteroid had a significant correlation in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion Female gender and ESR > 26 mm/h predict disabilities in JIA patients receiving IACS. Duration of oral corticosteroid ≤3 months and early IACS within 3 months of diagnosis correlate to earlier remission time. Shorter duration of oral corticosteroid is the only significant predictor for earlier remission time in JIA patients receiving IACS therapy.
Risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia
Authors: Yunarto Yuliana , Sarosa Gatot Irawan
Published: January 2020

Background Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic issue in newborns and should be treated as soon as possible to prevent complications of neurologic impairment, mental retardation, developmental delay, and cardiovascular disorders.

Objective To assess maternal, fetal, and neonatal factors for identifying infants at risk of developing neonatal hypoglycemia.

Methods This  case-control study was conducted in the Perinatal Unit of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java. A total of 123 newborns with blood glucose <47 mg/dL comprised the case group and 123 newborns without hypoglycemia comprised the control group. Characteristics of infants, maternal age, maternal pregnancy-related conditions, as well as fetal and neonatal factors were recorded and analyzed for possible relationships with hypoglycemia.

Results Out of 677 newborns, hypoglycemia was found in 123 (18.2%) infants (59 male, 64 female). In the case group, 58 (47.1%) were preterm, 38 (30.9%) very preterm, and 8 (6.5%) extremely preterm infants. Factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia were prematurity (OR 6.537; 95%CI 3.543 to 12.063; P <0.001), low birth weight (OR 2.979; 95% CI 1.532 to 5.795; P<0.001), small for gestational age (OR 1.805; 95% CI 1.054 to 3.095; P=0.031), and birth asphyxia(OR 3.386; 95% CI 1.945 to 5.895; P<0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, prematurity and low birth weight remained the significant factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia.

Conclusion  Prematurity and low birth weight are significant risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia. Routine screening and monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for preterm newborns and infants with low birth weight
Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as screening tools for hypertension in children aged 6–11 years
Authors: Istiqomah Esti , Gurnida Dida A. , Hilmanto Dany , Hakim Dzulfikar Djalil Lukmanul , Fauziah Prima Nanda
Published: January 2020

Background Hypertension in children is associated with obesity. 7 The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been associated with intra-abdominal fat tissue. Anthropometric parameters for determining nutritional status include waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Many studies have shown that waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are more precise to determine overweight or obese.

Objective To determine the usefulness of waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as hypertensive screening tools for children aged 6-11 years.

Methods This analytical study with cross-sectional design and multistage cluster sampling method was conducted in August-September 2017 at a primary school in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Subjects underwent height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure measurements. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to obtain the area under curve (AUC), cut-off point, sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence ratio.

Results Subjects were 325 children consisting of 187 males and 138 females. Hypertension was diagnosed in 47 children (37 males and 10 females). Mean waist circumference and waist-hip circumference ratio were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. The hypertensive group had a mean waist circumference of 72.6 (SD 12.8) cm, AUC 0.779 (95%CI 0.730 to 0.823; P<0.001), cut-off point >65 cm, sensitivity 66.0%, specificity 76.3%, and prevalence ratio 4.55. This group had mean waist-hip ratio of 0.94 (SD 0.10), AUC 0.724 (95%CI 0.672 to 0.772; P<0.001), waist-hip ratio cut-off >0.91, sensitivity 59.6%, specificity 77.0%, and prevalence ratio 3.73.

Conclusion Waist circumference >65 cm or waist-hip ratio >0.91 can be used to screen for hypertension in children aged 6-11 years with negative predictive values of 92.0% and 91.8%, respectively.
Assessment of Spontaneous Neuronal ActivityIn VitroUsing Multi-Well Multi-Electrode Arrays: Implications for Assay Development
Authors: Negri Joseph , Menon Vilas , Young-Pearse Tracy L.
Published: January 2020

Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are being more widely used by researchers as an instrument platform for monitoring prolonged, non-destructive recordings of spontaneously firing neuronsin vitrofor applications in modeling Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, and many other diseases of the human CNS. With the more widespread use of these instruments, there is a need to examine the prior art of studies utilizing MEAs and delineate best practices for data acquisition and analysis to avoid errors in interpretation of the resultant data. Using a dataset of recordings from primary rat (Rattus norvegicus) cortical cultures, methods and statistical power for discerning changes in neuronal activity on the array level are examined. Further, a method for unsupervised spike sorting is implemented, allowing for the resolution of action potential incidents down to the single neuron level. Following implementation of spike sorting, the dynamics of firing frequency across populations of individual neurons and networks are examined longitudinally. Finally, the ability to detect a frequency independent phenotype, the change in action potential amplitude, is demonstrated through the use of pore-forming neurotoxin treatments. Taken together, this study provides guidance and tools for users wishing to incorporate multi-well MEA usage into their studies.
Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders
Authors: McEwen Bruce S. , Akil Huda
Published: January 2020

Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than consider stress biology to be relevant only under unusual and threatening conditions, we conceive of it as an ongoing, adaptive process of assessing the environment, coping with it, and enabling the individual to anticipate and deal with future challenges. Though much remains to be discovered, the fundamental neurocircuitry that underlies these processes has been broadly delineated, key molecular players have been identified, and the impact of this system on neuroplasticity has been well established. More recently, we have come to appreciate the critical interaction between the brain and the rest of the body as it pertains to stress responsiveness. Importantly, this system can become overloaded due to ongoing environmental demands on the individual, be they physical, physiological, or psychosocial. The impact of this overload is deleterious to brain health, and it results in vulnerability to a range of brain disorders, including major depression and cognitive deficits. Thus, stress biology is one of the best understood systems in affective neuroscience and is an ideal target for addressing the pathophysiology of many brain-related diseases. The story we present began with the discovery of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus and has extended to other brain regions in both animal models and the human brain with the further discovery of structural and functional adaptive plasticity in response to stressful and other experiences.
Microglia Actively Remodel Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through the Phagocytosis Secretome
Authors: Diaz-Aparicio Irune , Paris Iñaki , Sierra-Torre Virginia , Plaza-Zabala Ainhoa , Rodríguez-Iglesias Noelia , Márquez-Ropero Mar , Beccari Sol , Huguet Paloma , Abiega Oihane , Alberdi Elena , Matute Carlos , Bernales Irantzu , Schulz Angela , Otrokocsi Lilla , Sperlagh Beata , Happonen Kaisa E. , Lemke Greg , Maletic-Savatic Mirjana , Valero Jorge , Sierra Amanda
Published: January 2020

During adult hippocampal neurogenesis, most newborn cells undergo apoptosis and are rapidly phagocytosed by resident microglia to prevent the spillover of intracellular contents. Here, we propose that phagocytosis is not merely passive corpse removal but has an active role in maintaining neurogenesis. First, we found that neurogenesis was disrupted in male and female mice chronically deficient for two phagocytosis pathways: the purinergic receptor P2Y12, and the tyrosine kinases of the TAM family Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK)/Axl. In contrast, neurogenesis was transiently increased in mice in which MerTK expression was conditionally downregulated. Next, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the changes induced by phagocytosis in microgliain vitroand identified genes involved in metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and neurogenesis-related functions. Finally, we discovered that the secretome of phagocytic microglia limits the production of new neurons bothin vivoandin vitro. Our data suggest that microglia act as a sensor of local cell death, modulating the balance between proliferation and survival in the neurogenic niche through the phagocytosis secretome, thereby supporting the long-term maintenance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMicroglia are the brain professional phagocytes and, in the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche, they remove newborn cells naturally undergoing apoptosis. Here we show that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells triggers a coordinated transcriptional program that alters their secretome, limiting neurogenesis bothin vivoandin vitro. In addition, chronic phagocytosis disruption in mice deficient for receptors P2Y12 and MerTK/Axl reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In contrast, inducible MerTK downregulation transiently increases neurogenesis, suggesting that microglial phagocytosis provides a negative feedback loop that is necessary for the long-term maintenance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Therefore, we speculate that the effects of promoting engulfment/degradation of cell debris may go beyond merely removing corpses to actively promoting regeneration in development, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Threat Prediction from Schemas as a Source of Bias in Pain Perception
Authors: Lim Manyoel , O'Grady Christopher , Cane Douglas , Goyal Amita , Lynch Mary , Beyea Steven , Hashmi Javeria Ali
Published: January 2020

Our sensory impressions of pain are generally thought to represent the noxious properties of an agent but can be influenced by the predicted level of threat. Predictions can be sourced from higher-order cognitive processes, such as schemas, but the extent to which schemas can influence pain perception relative to bottom-up sensory inputs and the underlying neural underpinnings of such a phenomenon are unclear. Here, we investigate how threat predictions generated from learning a cognitive schema lead to inaccurate sensory impressions of the pain stimulus. Healthy male and female participants first detected a linear association between cue values and stimulus intensity and rated pain to reflect the linear schema when compared with uncued heat stimuli. The effect of bias on pain ratings was reduced when prediction errors (PEs) increased, but pain perception was only partially updated when measured against stepped increases in PEs. Cognitive, striatal, and sensory regions graded their responses to changes in predicted threat despite the PEs (p< 0.05, corrected). Individuals with more catastrophic thinking about pain and with low mindfulness were significantly more reliant on the schema than on the sensory evidence from the pain stimulus. These behavioral differences mapped to variability in responses of the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Thus, this study demonstrates a significant role of higher-order schemas in pain perception and indicates that pain perception is biased more toward predictions and less toward nociceptive inputs in individuals who report less mindfulness and more fear of pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study demonstrates that threat predictions generated from cognitive schemas continue to influence pain perception despite increasing prediction errors arising in pain pathways. Individuals first formed a cognitive schema of linearity in the relationship between the cued threat value and the stimulus intensity. Subsequently, the linearity was reduced gradually, and participants partially updated their evaluations of pain in relation to the stepped increases in prediction errors. Individuals who continued to rate pain based more on the predicted threat than on changes in nociceptive inputs reported high pain catastrophizing and less mindful-awareness scores. These two affects mapped to activity in the ventral and dorsal striatum, respectively. These findings direct us to a significant role of top-down processes in pain perception.
Meritocracy and the Maintenance of Order
Authors: Miller Lucy J.
Published: January 2020

Meritocracy is one of many systems in the United States that is built around maintaining order by prioritizing the appearance that everything is functioning as it should while actively excluding those in marginalized or oppressed groups who are perceived as disrupting societal order. Meritocracy intersects with other American values, particularly individual freedom and whiteness, to create the illusion that people succeed or fail based on their own individual merit and effort. This essay surveys examples of exclusion in higher education to show that the ideals of meritocracy are frequently abandoned in order to preserve the existing order of the institution.
Vocabulary Acquisition (Incidental) through Watching Subtitled Video Material
Authors: Rosales Alvin Salazar
Published: January 2020

Subtitle refers to the time-synchronized text on a video that translates the spoken audio to another language. This research deals with the effect of watching subtitled video material on the vocabulary acquisition (incidental) of the Filipino learners of English with an emphasis on the receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The study was participated by 100 university students in a private higher education institution in the Philippines. The study used a pretest and posttest design in which the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale developed by Paribakht and Wesche (1993) was employed. The results show that there is a significant difference between the pretest and the posttest performance in vocabulary acquisition in terms of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge of the participants. The findings imply the integration of subtitled video material in the teaching of vocabulary in Philippine classrooms because of its effectiveness which, up to this point, is not yet realized.
CEP215 and AURKA regulate spindle pole focusing and aMTOC organization in mouse oocytes
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Baumann Claudia , De La Fuente Rabindranath , Viveiros Maria M
Published: January 2020

Acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) play a critical role in stable meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes, necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. Yet, there is a limited understanding of the essential regulatory components of these unique MTOCs. In somatic cells, CEP215 (Centrosomal Protein 215) serves as an important regulator of centrosome maturation and spindle organization. Here, we assessed whether it has a similar function in mouse oocytes. CEP215 was detected in oocyte lysates and specifically localized to aMTOCs throughout the progression of meiosis in a pericentrin-dependent manner. Super-resolution microscopy revealed CEP215 co-localization with pericentrin and a unique pore/ring-like structural organization of aMTOCs. Interestingly, inhibition of Aurora Kinase A in either MI or MII-stage oocytes resulted in a striking loss of the ring-like aMTOC organization and pronounced CEP215 clustering at spindle poles, as well as shorter spindles with highly focused poles. In vitro siRNA-mediated transcript knockdown effectively reduced CEP215 in approximately 85% of the oocytes. Maturation rates to MII were similar in the Cep215 siRNA and injected controls; however, a high percentage (~40%) of the Cep215-knockdown oocytes showed notable variations in spindle pole focusing. Surprisingly, pericentrin and γ-tubulin localization and fluorescence intensity at aMTOCs were unaltered in knockdown oocytes, contrasting with mitotic cells where CEP215 depletion reduced γ-tubulin at centrosomes. Our results demonstrate that CEP215 is a functional component of oocyte aMTOCs and participates in the regulation of meiotic spindle pole focusing. Moreover, these studies reveal a vital role for Aurora Kinase A activity in the maintenance of aMTOC organization in oocytes.
PENDAPATAN USAHA DAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI BAWANG GORENG (Studi Kasus Industri Bawang Goreng “Uda Saprudin”)
Authors: Astuti Herlena Bidi , Y Yesmawati , Harta Linda , R Reswita
Published: January 2020

Processing shallots into fried onions is one of the agro-industry businesses with the main raw material of shallots. The fried onion home industry is a downstreaming of agricultural commodities by providing added value from the raw materials of shallots, in the process of production competition the industry must conduct management that will produce raw materials to ensure obtaining products. The purpose of this study was to determine the operating income of fried onions and determine the management of raw materials in the "Uda Saprudin" fried onion industry in Bengkulu City. The method used in this study is the calculation of income, R / C ratio, and management of raw materials using EOQ, Safety Stock, Reorder Points, lead time and total inventory costs. This research is a case study conducted in February 2019 with the data used is the data of the past year (2018). From the research results obtained R / C value of 1.36 and the management of raw material requirements recognized EOQ value: 6.546 Kg, Reorder Point value: 6.329 Kg / Month, lead time: 0.5 months and Total inventory costs: Rp. 163,676,047 per year.
PERUBAHAN SOSIAL KOMUNITAS SUKU ARFAK KABUPATEN PEGUNUNGAN ARFAK PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Nofianti Therresse
Published: January 2020

Changes in society related to changes in social values, norms, patterns of organizational behavior, the composition of social institutions, social interaction. Arfak Mountains Regency formed since 2012 through Law Number 24 of 2012 is the main district which was later divided into South Manokwari Regency and Arfak Mountains. The Arfak mountain community is referred to as the large Arfak tribe because it consists of several sub tribes namely Hatam, Moile, Sough and Meyah. This paper aims to provide an overview and information about social changes that occur in the Arfak tribal community in the Arfak Mountains Regency, West Papua Province. The method used is a literature review of various reports or scientific studies related to the context of social and cultural change in the Arfak tribal community. These materials were analyzed using Herbert Spencer's theories of social change, Talcot Parson, Kingsley Davis's modern theory (Demographic Transition). The results obtained show that social changes in the Arfak tribe in the Arfak Mountains District occur due to changes in the composition of the population, the existence of the Papua Special Autonomy Policy, the inclusion of new innovations, easier transportation, empowerment programs, changes in customary institutions and values and norms that have an impact positive and negative on people's lives.
Audio-Visual Translation Techniques: Subtitling and Dubbing of Movie Soundtrack in Frozen: Let it Go
Authors: Supardi Moh , Putri Dea Amanda
Published: January 2020

This article is aimed at finding out the technique of subtitle and dubbing translation in OST Frozen: Let it Go. The article analyzes the lyrics of the song as the corpus. The data are analyzed qualitatively by using the subtitle translation techniques. The data collection is conducted through reading source language and target language, selecting and comparing the translation techniques done by the translator/dubber, marking, classifying and analyzing them based on the theories of translation technique proposed by Molina and Albir. The result shows that subtitle techniques done by the translator consist of eleven techniques. Based on the analysis of translation process translated from the lyrics into the subtitled version, the translator seems to use most of the technique. While the dubber only uses nine techniques in translating the lyrics into the dubbed version. In general, the translator’s technique applied in the subtitled version is mostly literal translation; While the dubbed version’s most common techniques are modulation and reduction.---Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang teknik penerjemahan subtitle dan dubbing dalam OST Frozen: Let It Go sebagai korpusnya. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik terjemahan subtitle. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui proses membaca bahasa sumber dan bahasa target, memilih dan membandingkan teknik penerjemahan yang dilakukan oleh penerjemah / dubber, menandai, mengklasifikasi dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan teknik penerjemahan yang diajukan oleh Molina dan Albir. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa teknik subtitle yang dilakukan oleh penerjemah terdiri dari sebelas teknik. Berdasarkan analisis proses terjemahan yang diterjemahkan dari lirik ke dalam versi subtitle, penerjemah tampaknya menggunakan sebagian besar teknik. Sedangkan dubber hanya menggunakan sembilan teknik dalam menerjemahkan lirik ke dalam versi yang dijuluki. Secara umum, teknik penerjemah yang diterapkan dalam versi subtitle sebagian besar adalah terjemahan harfiah; Sementara teknik yang paling umum dijuluki versi adalah modulasi dan reduksi.
Well-Child Care Adherence After Intrauterine Opioid Exposure
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Rohde Jessica F. , Short Vanessa , Patrick Stephen W. , Abatemarco Diane , Chung Esther K.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

For children with intrauterine opioid exposure (IOE), well-child care (WCC) provides an important opportunity to address medical, developmental, and psychosocial needs. We evaluated WCC adherence for this population.

METHODS:

In this retrospective cohort study, we used PEDSnet data from a pediatric primary care network spanning 3 states from 2011 to 2016. IOE was ascertained by using physician diagnosis codes. WCC adherence in the first year was defined as a postnatal or 1-month visit and completed 2-, 4-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month visits. WCC adherence in the second year was defined as completed 15- and 18-month visits. Gaps in WCC, defined as ≥2 missed consecutive WCC visits, were also evaluated. We used multivariable regression to test the independent effect of IOE status.

RESULTS:

Among 11 334 children, 236 (2.1%) had a diagnosis of IOE. Children with IOE had a median of 6 WCC visits (interquartile range 5–7), vs 8 (interquartile range 6–8) among children who were not exposed (P < .001). IOE was associated with decreased WCC adherence over the first and second years of life (adjusted relative risk 0.54 [P < .001] and 0.74 [P < .001]). WCC gaps were more likely in this population (adjusted relative risk 1.43; P < .001). There were no significant adjusted differences in nonroutine primary care visits, immunizations by age 2, or lead screening.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children <2 years of age with IOE are less likely to adhere to recommended WCC, despite receiving on-time immunizations and lead screening. Further research should be focused on the role of WCC visits to support the complex needs of this population.
About privacy and phishing on social networks and the case of Facebook
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: January 2020

Aim. In recent years, social networks have multiplied on the Internet, becoming more and more used, and consequently raising doubts about the security of privacy. This exponential development has attracted the attention of bad-intentioneds too. The aim of the research is to undestand how “attack algorithms” can violate the privacy of millions of people, despite privacy policies which do not allow their use.
 Methods. Considering an analysis on password security on Facebook, I evaluate the problems connected with the use of an attack algorithm in relation to privacy and security.
 Results. Over the  years, Facebook privacy policies have been changed, but with new services it is still possible to trace personal information. Using special phishing techniques it is possible to get the access credentials of a good percentage of users. This allows attackers to perform online transactions, view bank accounts and their transactions, call details, credit card numbers and many other personal data.
 Conclusions. Waiting for the power of the future quantum Internet, it is unfortunately possible today to launch an attack exploiting the analysed techniques and even improve them, making them more effective and reaching even higher success rates, thus placing a very high number of users in serious danger.
Internet Use in EFL Writing Classes
Authors: Mozaheb Mohammad Amin , SHAHIDITABAR MOSTAFA
Published: January 2020

Aim. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of internet use on writing abilities of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students studying in an Iranian university. The students of the study have been advised to use the Internet while searching for collocations and new words. They were also told to use grammar checkers while writing essays in English. After a two months’ period, their writing papers had been corrected by two raters. Compared to scores they obtained before the class equipped with new technologies, the students obtained higher scores, showing that the Internet can be used in language learning especially in writing classes where students have difficulties in using native-like words and structures. Methods. The participant of the present study were 28 Iranian university students studying ELT in an Iranian University in the capital Tehran. The students were divided into two classes consisting of 12 students in the experimental group and 16 students in the control group. The mean age of the students taking part in the study was 20. Additionally, according to a TOEFL iBT the level of the English proficiency of the students was 75. To put it other way, utilizing the test, the students were homogenized by the researchers of the study.

Results. The results of the study showed that the use of the Internet in EFL classes can boost the writing abilities of EFL learners. In other words, the writing of the students will be improved in case the check different collocations and grammatical points in the Internet.  Moreover, the use of grammar checker soft wares which can be found on the net can pave the way for EFL students to be better writers of English. Conclusions. To conclude, this study suggests that the use of the Internet can be beneficial to EFL learners while improving their writing abilities which can be seen by many scholars studying different skills as important.
Developing Entrepreneurial Mindset in University Undergraduates
Authors: Loboda Viktoriya , Ostrovskyi Ihor , Katernyak Ihor
Published: January 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to discuss how to design entrepreneurial mindsets in undergraduate students within the academic culture of a classical university..

Methods.  In order to become aware of the international perspective regarding entrepreneurship education, global innovation index, entrepreneurship education delivery models, global forums and entrepreneurship community platforms as well as the entrepreneurship barometer were taken into consideration.

Results. A survey regarding the appropriateness of entrepreneurship education at IFNUL has been conducted. In total, 125 bachelor’s (55.2%) and master’s degree (44,8%) students from different Departments of IFNUL completed the questionnaire based on the Entrepreneurship Barometer. Thus, theverage rating (1 (low) – 5 (high)) of the likelihood that students will ever run their own business is 3.67. Based on the obtained results the course in Entrepreneurship and Innovation has been elaborated as a part of the curriculum for students of the Department of Pedagogical Education at IFNUL.

Conclusions.  Findings of this paper suggest that, in general, universities should promote entrepreneurship as a career option and provide entrepreneurship experiences to undergraduate and Master’s degree students. The change in the academic culture is the common challenge, which includes the introduction of entrepreneurial thinking and acting as alternatives to traditional teaching approaches and opening up the universities to the surrounding society and industrial ecosystem. The use of ICT and in particular eLearning in delivering entrepreneurial education might be an additional option for expanding the outreach of the course.

Key words: entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurship program, entrepreneurship and innovation, undergraduate students.
Can genealogical exploration of the past be conducive to the development of ICT competences?
Authors: Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa , Tufekčić Adnan
Published: January 2020

Aims. Apart from its numerous benefits, the development of the information society has also resulted in the digital exclusion of people who do not have the competence to use a computer and the Internet. This group is largely made up of older people. The European Union has taken a number of measures to reduce the digital divide, including the funding of ICT training programmes. The research which forms the basis for creating such training for seniors has focused on an analysis of various forms of genealogical activity on the Internet. The authors assumed that seniors are somehow predestined for genealogical activity, due to their age and experience. It was therefore decided to base the computer training programme on the development of genealogical interests.

Methods. The study identified and categorized various forms of genealogical activity on the Internet, and the research was based on "genealogy" records in the Google search engine. Explorations were carried out in four countries: Poland, Turkey, Italy and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 Results. As a result of the explorations, it was found that genealogical activity on the Internet falls into four basic categories: (1) sources of knowledge about genealogy, (2) tools for creating family trees, (3) presentation of the results of genealogical searches, (4) virtual genealogical communities. The last (5) category is of a commercial nature and includes genealogical accessories stores.

 Conclusion. Research conducted in the area of genealogical activity on the Internet leads to the conclusion that it may be an additional motivation for older people to undertake training in the field of ICT, which prompts further didactic and research directions. On the basis of the analysis, the implementation of the training programme in the Learning Tree project was designed and set in motion.
CODE PREFERENCES OF 1st YEAR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS – CASE STUDY OF “SOCIOLOGY OF DISPOSITIONAL GROUPS” STUDENTS
Authors: Błaszczyński Kamil
Published: January 2020

Because of the formal and non-formal changes which are taking place in Polish higher education, the role and function of the university is also changing. Contemporary Polish students consider higher education as one of the phases of their career. The new generations of students expect rapid and effective education, perceiving academic education as a purchase of services or professional training.  The aim of the study was to diagnose if those trends are visible also in the processes of communication between the students and the academic staff. To verify this thesis, the author diagnoses the language expression of students, in the form of essay writing. Expressions were analysed quantitatively and were correlated with some chosen indicators of the students social background.

Results indicated that students language expression could be divided into three types: mixed, restricted and elaborate expression. Each of those types can be classified as social codes, which have their own features. Gathered data only partially confirmed the hypothesis tested by the author. Because of the low scale of the study, it can only be considered an inspiration for other researchers and future studies on a high-scale level.
Place product in the promotion of communes – the case of the Milicz carp and the Barycz Valley
Authors: Glinka Kamil
Published: January 2020

The constant competitiveness for the interest of entrepreneurs, tourists, students makes that local government units put effort into creating their image. However, the limited capital and organizational resources make that these units initiate multilateral promotion actions. Preparing its offer they repeatedly use attractive place products.

The main aim of the article is to answer the question whether, if so in what ways, the Milicz carp, treated as a place product, is used in the promotion of the Local Action Group “Partnership for the Barycz Valley” created by the eight communes of Lower Silesia and Wielkopolskie province. Especially while taking into account two elements: first, the premises of the official strategic documents adopted within ‘the Barycz Valley’, second, the conducted in practice promotion actions. The use of two methods: content analysis and comparative analysis allows to state that the Milicz carp, against the goals in the given documents, plays a significant role in the promotion of the cooperating communes. Actions in the field of public relations have the greatest importance. On the other hand, the actions concerning the promotion of the Milicz carp do not accompany all the enterprises shaping the image of ‘the Barycz Valley’.
Sports metaphors in Polish written commentaries on politics
Authors: Wiliński Jarosław
Published: January 2020

This paper seeks to investigate what sports metaphors are used in Polish written commentaries on politics and what special purpose they serve. In particular, the paper examines structural metaphors that come from the lexicon of popular sports, such as boxing, racing, track and field athletics, sailing, etc. The language data, derived from English Internet websites, has been grouped and discussed according to source domains. Applying George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s approach to metaphor, the paper attempts to determine both the kind of source domains from which common metaphors are drawn and to what degree structural metaphors are used. The data suggests that many structural metaphors can be found in the language of politics. They are drawn from a wide variety of sports source domains, although the domains of boxing, racing, sailing, and soccer are of particular prominence. It seems that the primary function of structural metaphors in written commentaries is to facilitate the interpretation of facts in a way that is enormously appealing to the reader.
Kulturowe spojrzenie na programy powszechnych szczepień ochronnych wczoraj i dziś
Authors: Pietrzyk Anna
Published: January 2020

Cel badań: Celem badania było wskazanie kulturowych mechanizmów utrudniających wdrażanie programów powszechnych szczepień ochronnych oraz ujawnienie ich szerszego geograficzno-historycznego tła.

Metoda badań: Badania wpisują się w nurt folklorystyki oraz antropologii kulturowej i jej subdyscypliny – antropologii medycznej. Analizie poddano treści wierzeniowe, na które składają się materiały ikonograficzne, zasoby elektroniczne bibliotek dotyczące historii profilaktyki szczepiennej oraz dostępne w Internecie wypowiedzi przeciwników szczepień, stosując podejście interpretatywne, które odwołuje się do systemu wiedzy, wartości i kategorii analitycznych, jakimi posługują się badani, celem odkrywania sensu ich działań.

Wyniki badań: Analiza antropologiczna warstwy folklorystycznej przekazów o szczepieniach obnaża braki oficjalnych programów i kampanii proszczepiennych, nie uwzględniających żywotności oraz roli struktur mitycznych w stosunku do decyzji podejmowanych w kwestiach zdrowotnych. W przekazach tych uwidocznia się tradycyjny sposób postrzegania zjawisk zdrowotnych (choroby, epidemii), kategoryzacji przestrzeni (opozycja orbis interior/orbis eksterior), kolorów i ciała (jako odbicia makrokosmosu), profesjonalistów i technologii biomedycznych. Okruchy dawnego myślenia wierzeniowego, choć już nie tak mocno jak dawniej, nadal dają o sobie znać w nowoczesnym i laicyzującym się społeczeństwie zachodniego kręgu kulturowego, które gubi się w natłoku szumu informacyjnego nowych odkryć i szybko zmieniających się technologii oraz nagłaśnianych przez media afer w służbie zdrowia dotyczących fałszowania lub nieodpowiedniego przechowywania szczepionek.

Wnioski: Folklor szczepionkowy jest próbą oswojenia chaosu, jaki towarzyszy szczepieniom jako technologii biomedycznej, poprzez przełożenie jej na wciąż czytelny dla ogółu język kulturowych skojarzeń, wierzeń i symboli. I choć nie niweluje do końca tej ambiwalencji, albo strachu przed szczepieniami, pozwala myśleniu potocznemu znaleźć dla nich miejsce w kulturowym uniwersum.
Rola architektury miejskiej w budowaniu tożsamości mieszkańców miast
Authors: Rytelewska-Chilczuk Natalia
Published: January 2020

Teza. Przedmiotem artykułu była analiza transformacji tożsamości miejskiej w oparciu o architekturę i tkankę miejską. Teza autorki zakładała, że architektura odgrywa rolę w budowaniu miejskiej tożsamości, co zaprezentowano na przykładzie dwóch polskich miast. Wraz z transformacją przestrzeni miejskiej następuje zmiana postrzegania miast, nie tylko przez mieszkańców, lecz także na arenie narodowej i międzynarodowej. Ważną role pełnią nowo powstające instytucje o charakterze edukacyjnym i historycznym, takie jak Europejskie Centrum Solidarności czy Muzeum Śląskie.

Omówione koncepcje. W pracy wykorzystano teorie modyfikacji oraz nawarstwienia stosowane przez Ewę Rewers w analizie tożsamości miejskiej. W badaniach powołano się także na rolę ideologii w kreowaniu i projektowaniu miast. Analizie poddano aplikacje, jakie zostały zgłoszone przez miasta w konkursie na Europejską Stolicę Kultury.

Wyniki i wnioski. Transformacja i rola architektury odgrywa znaczącą rolę w budowaniu tożsamości miejskiej. Dodatkowo miasta poprzez projektowane instytucje podkreślają swoją rolę w budowaniu polskiej historii (instytucje muzealne) oraz walczą z negatywną stereotypizacją (rewitalizacja opuszczonych zakładów przemysłowych). Istotną rolę odgrywa także rewitalizacja obszarów przemysłowych, która pozwala na stworzenie mostu między historycznymi oraz współczesnymi przestrzeniami miejskimi.

Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza podejścia. Temat artykułu łączy w sobie analizy z pogranicza urbanistyki, socjologii, architektury i sztuk wizualnych. Podejście humanistyczno-techniczne pozwala na głębszą analizę tematu tożsamości miejskiej oraz potraktowanie miasta jako przedmiotu nauki, a nie tylko tła dla toczącego się w mieście życia codziennego.
SAMOWIEDZA OSÓB ZE SPEKTRUM AUTYZMU W KONTEKŚCIE TEORII UMYSŁU
Authors: Kanar Mirosława
Published: January 2020

Teza. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza teoretyczna wpływu zaburzenia teorii umysłu na samowiedzę u osób z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu.

Omówione koncepcje. Teoria umysłu jest zdolnością do wyjaśniania zachowań innych osób poprzez odczytywanie ich intencji, pragnień i uczuć oraz odnosi się również do umiejętności rozpoznawania własnych emocji. Zamiennie do tego pojęcia stosowany jest termin mentalizacja lub doświadczanie empatii. Nieprawidłowy proces mentalizacji u osób z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu znajduje potwierdzenie w badaniach opartych na neuroobrazowaniu. W artykule odniesiono się do literatury przedmiotu dotyczącej dynamiki samowiedzy jednostki ujęciu poznawczym oraz posłużono się charakterystyką zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu zgodną z DSM IV oraz DSM V.

Wyniki i wnioski. Niniejsze opracowanie jest hipotezą wyłaniającą się w oparciu o analizę dotychczasowych badań dotyczących teorii umysłu osób z autyzmem. Koncepcja ta stanowi fundament do badań empirycznych nad samowiedzą osób z ASD.

Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza podejścia. Obecnie nie ma badań dotyczących wpływu teorii umysłu na obraz siebie osób z ASD. Autorka artykułu jest w trakcie realizacji badań odnoszących się do niniejszych rozważań.
Przywództwo edukacyjne wśród dyrektorów szkół podstawowych w województwie małopolskim i mazowieckim
Authors: Jurczak Anna Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Cel badań. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie, a także analiza badań własnych dotyczących stylu zarządzania placówkami publicznymi i prywatnymi, prezentowanego przez dyrektorów szkół podstawowych prywatnych oraz publicznych, znajdujących się na terenie województwa małopolskiego oraz mazowieckiego.

Metodyka. Moja grupa badanych składała się z 82 dyrektorów szkół podstawowych: 26 dyrektorów szkół publicznych w województwie małopolskim, 17 dyrektorów szkół prywatnych w województwie małopolskim, 19 dyrektorów szkół publicznych w województwie mazowieckim, 20 dyrektorów szkół prywatnych w województwie mazowieckim. Badania opierają się na koncepcji przywództwa sytuacyjnego Kena Blancharda, który wyróżnia cztery style zarządzania zespołem (w tym przypadku dotyczą one nauczycieli, którymi zarządza dyrektor placówki). Wyróżnia on styl Instruowania, Konsultowania, Partycypacji oraz Delegowania.

Celem kwestionariusza, który został przeze mnie wykorzystany podczas badań, które dotyczyły postawy dyrektorów placówek, miał za zadanie określenie stylu zarządzania placówką (elastyczność stylu) oraz efektywnością jego stylu.

Wyniki. Okazuje się, że rodzaj placówki, publiczna bądź prywatna, w dużym stopniu wpływa na sposób zarządzania nią przez dyrektorów. Lokalizacja, w tym przypadku, województwo małopolskie bądź mazowieckie, odgrywają mniejszą rolę. W placówkach prywatnych, zarówno w województwie mazowieckim jak i małopolskim, jednym z dominujących stylów zarządzania prezentowanym przez dyrektorów jest Instruowania podczas gdy w szkołach publicznych jest to Delegowanie. Wyniki, które uzyskały szkoły publiczne są diametralnie inne w porównaniu z wynikami charakteryzującymi szkoły prywatne. Wskazuje to na inny sposób zarządzania oraz odmienną specyfikę obu placówek.

Wnioski. W zależności od różnego stylu zarządzania, dyrektorzy placówek, prezentują różnorakie postawy. Wpływają one w dużym stopniu na sposób pracy w placówkach prywatnych oraz publicznych, co w dłuższym czasie znajduje odzwierciedlenie w prezentowanym przez pracowników różnym stopniu satysfakcji i zadowolenia z pracy. Sposób zarządzania placówką determinuje również atmosferę panującą w szkole między gronem pedagogicznym, która stanowi jeden z czynników efektywnego nauczania uczniów.
Emotikony jako wyraz emocjonalności oraz dopełnienie komunikatu ironicznego a poziom kobiecości i męskości osób uczestniczących w komunikacji internetowej
Authors: Siomkajło Sara Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Cel badań. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy własnych badań dotyczących używania emotikonów w komunikacji internetowej jako narzędzia ekspresji emocji oraz wyrażania komunikatów ironicznych. Założono współzależność między poziomem kobiecości a emocjonalnością, wyrażoną liczbą emotikonów użytych w rozmowach prowadzonych przez komunikator Messenger (Facebook) oraz gotowością do użycia emotikonów w komunikacie ironicznym.

Metoda. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 100 osób: 50 kobiet i 50 mężczyzn w wieku 20-35 lat. Badanie prowadzone było przez internet. Posłużono się Inwentarzem do Oceny Płci Psychologicznej Alicji Kuczyńskiej oraz autorską skalą do pomiaru gotowości do użycia emotikonów w komunikacie ironicznym.

Wyniki. Analiza wykazała brak istotnego związku między zmiennymi. Ujawniły się natomiast pewne różnice jakościowe w stosowaniu poszczególnych kategorii emotikonów.

Wnioski. Wyniki mogą prowadzić do wniosku, że specyfika rozmów online oraz prywatność konwersacji osłabiają charakterystyczne zachowania komunikacyjne kobiet i mężczyzn o wyższym lub niższym poziomie kobiecości i męskości, które mogłyby ujawnić się w sytuacjach publicznych.

czególnych kategorii emotikonów.

Wnioski: Wyniki mogą prowadzić do wniosku, że specyfika rozmów online, prywatność konwersacji osłabiają charakterystyczne zachowania komunikacyjne kobiet i mężczyzn o wyższym lub niższym poziomie kobiecości i męskości, a które mogłyby ujawnić się w sytuacjach publicznych.
Determinanty występowania zjawiska przyjaźni w relacji dziecko – dorosły w świetle wyników badań pracy własnej
Authors: Wieczorek Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Cel badań. Celem badania było sprawdzenie, czy możliwe jest wystąpienie zjawiska przyjaźni w relacji dziecko – dorosły, i określenie jej kluczowych determinant.

Metodologia. Badaniu poddanych zostało 5 dzieci – uczniów edukacji wczesnoszkolnej, którzy korzystali z pomocy i wsparcia tej samej korepetytorki. W związku z powyższym badanie przeprowadzono w oparciu o wnikliwe studia indywidualnych przypadków, które zostały poddane porównaniu. W badaniu wzięto pod uwagę również analizę dokumentów, obserwację i wywiad.

Wyniki i wnioski. Badania wykazały, iż kluczową determinantą występowania zjawiska przyjaźni jest indywidualny zbiór cech osobowościowych zarówno dziecka, jak i osoby dorosłej. Co więcej, przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż znaczący wpływ na jakość relacji dziecko – dorosły, dorosły – dziecko ma relacja dziecko – rodzic, rodzic – dziecko oraz sytuacja rodzinna dziecka. Tym samym badania wykazały, iż to, czy między dzieckiem a dorosłym dojdzie do relacji opartej na zjawisku przyjaźni, zależne jest głównie od dziecka.