bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF VACCINIUM SPECIES IN ALBERTA
Authors: Smith D. W.
Published: March 2010

An ecological study with emphasis on the clonal rhizome systems was carried out with two species of Vaccinium native to Alberta, namely, Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx., and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd.Both species were found to prefer low light intensity; however, a minimum requirement of light for normal growth and development was indicated. V. myrtilloides had a wider adaptability in this respect.The thickness of the organic soil horizons was found to influence the growth and extent of the rhizomes of both V. myrtilloides and V. vitis-idaea var. minus. The normal depth of rhizomes of both plant species was found to be inversely related to the thickness of the soil organic layers.A system was established to permit the distinction of proximal and distal portions of the rhizome on the basis of the branching habit. Differences in morphology and growth habit were found to characterize clones of the two species, i.e. V. vitis-idaea var. minus had approximately twice as many above-ground shoots as did V. myrtilloides.
THE EFFECT OF PLACEMENT AND CONCENTRATION OF 2,3-DCDT ON THE SELECTIVE CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN WHEAT
Authors: Friesen H. A. , Banting J. D. , Walker D. R.
Published: March 2010

A series of experiments on different soils and with varying concentrations demonstrated that the herbicidal activity of 2,3-DCDT (2,3-dichloroallyl diisopropylthiolcarbamate3) is primarily via the coleoptile rather than the root system of wild oats and wheat. The degree of this activity differed between the two species depending on the stage of development when they came in contact with treated soil, the concentration of the herbicide and the length of time that the coleoptile was in contact with treated soil. In wild oats there were two distinct periods of high sensitivity, namely, during the initial half-inch of coleoptile growth and a later stage which appeared to coincide with the initiation of the crown node. Wheat was highly sensitive at only the early period. This crop was tolerant to sufficiently high concentrations of 2,3-DCDT, when planted at least a half-inch below a surface layer of treated soil, to permit the selective control of wild oats in wheat. However, the relative placements were critical. The pattern of response was similar in each of the soils but the degree of response was distinctly higher on the heavy clay than on the loam soils.
A COMPARISON OF GROWTH, LIFE CYCLE AND CONTROL OF DIBOTRYON MORBOSUM (SCH.) TH. & SYD. ON PEACH AND PLUM IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Gourley C. O.
Published: March 2010

A comparative study of Dibotryon morbosum (Sch.) Th. & Syd. on peach and plum showed the life cycle to be the same on both hosts. Peach knots were less prominent and produced very few mature perithecia. Plum inoculum was considered to be largely responsible for infections on the peach. The morphology and cultural characteristics of the isolates from the two hosts were similar. Ascospores from plum knots readily infected peach seedlings but those from peach knots did not infect peach or plum seedlings. The colonization of knots by extraneous organisms affected the maturation of perithecia. Of the fungicides used thiram was the most satisfactory for the control of black knot on plum. These investigations indicate that black knot is not of serious economic importance on peach.
FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH HOT SPOTS IN FARM STORED GRAIN
Authors: Wallace H. A. H. , Sinha R. N.
Published: March 2010

The temperature, moisture, germination and fungal relationships of normal and heated wheat and oats collected from grain bulks in 13 granaries in Manitoba and Saskatchewan were determined during the falls and winters of 1957–60. Eight bulks were studied in detail. It was found that hot spots could develop anywhere in a bin. Temperatures up to 53 °C. (in winter) were obtained and were usually highest at the base of the bulk. Heating grain was relatively dry (less than 11 per cent) except along the surface. The highest water contents (27 per cent) in the bulks always occurred in the gram along the surface layers. Loss of germinability could occur anywhere in the bulk. Field fungi, such as Alternaria, were common in viable seed, but negligible in heated grain. The seeds in hot spots were predominantly infected by storage fungi, among which Penicillium spp. were the most abundant, even in relatively dry grain at the 6-foot depth. Other fungi commonly found were Aspergillus spp., especially A. flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. versicolor (Vuillemin) Tiraboschi and Absidia spp. Actinomycetes (Streptomyces) were common in some heating grain bulks.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND (ALLYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE ON PEPPERS AND TOMATOES
Authors: Tiessen H.
Published: March 2010

Fireball tomato and Calwonder pepper plants were subjected, in the seedling stage, to different temperatures and to both drench and foliar applications of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and (allyl) trimethylammonium bromide (AMAB).Seedlings were exposed to minimum night temperatures of 54° to 56°F. and of 64° to 68°F. from the appearance of the first true leaf for 3 weeks for peppers and until field setting (6 weeks) for tomatoes. For both crops the lower temperature treatment gave an increase in early fruit number and yield.Drench applications of 100 milliliters per band to tomatoes and 900 milliliters per square foot to peppers of 10−3and 10−4 M solutions of CCC or of AMAB produced shorter, stockier, darker-green plants with reduced foliage spread. Growth was further reduced by the lower temperature treatments. Both drenches reduced total yields in both tomatoes and peppers.Foliar treatments of CCC and of AMAB increased the total yield of peppers started at the warmer temperature. At the cooler temperature, however, yield was not affected by the CCC treatment but was reduced by the AMAB treatment. Foliar treatments with either chemical did not affect the total yield of tomatoes after seedling treatment at either temperature.
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO LOOSE SMUT, COVERED SMUT AND FALSE LOOSE SMUT IN THE BARLEY VARIETY JET
Authors: Metcalfe D. R.
Published: March 2010

The inheritance of reaction to single cultures of Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr., Ustilago nigra Tapke, and Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh. was studied in the F1, F2 and F3 generations of crosses between the resistant barley variety Jet and the susceptible varieties Vantage and Plush. It was concluded that Jet has a single dominant gene for resistance of U. nuda and probably dominant genes for resistance of U. nigra and U. hordei. A close association was detected, in the segregating populations, between the reactions to U. nigra and U. hordei. No association was detected between resistance to U. nuda and resistance to the other two smut species. No associations were found between reaction to any of the three smut species and the genes responsible for the following marker characters: resistance vs. susceptibility to Puccinia graminis tritici Eriks. and Henn. (Tt), two- vs. six-row spike (Vv), naked vs. hulled kernel (Nn), black vs. white lemma and pericarp (Bb), and rough vs. smooth awn (Rr).
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF AN ANTIAUXIN ON THE FLOWERING OF A MAMMOTH STRAIN OF DELCREST TOBACCO
Authors: Macdowall F. D. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE LENGTH OF TWIG SECTIONS USED IN THE ELECTROLYTIC PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING HARDINESS
Authors: Harris R. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE FLUE-CURED TOBACCO VARIETY—DELHI 61
Authors: Haslam R. J. , Povilaitis B.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION TREATMENTS ON YIELDS AND ON FERTILIZER UTILIZATION BY SWEET CORN AND SNAP BEANS
Authors: MacKay D. C. , Eaves C. A.
Published: March 2010

A range in each of the nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – was applied to an infertile Podzol soil in a split-plot experiment receiving the following sprinkler irrigation treatments: 1) "none", natural rainfall; 2) "minimum", 1 inch per irrigation during the critical stage of flowering to harvest; 3) "optimum", 1 inch per irrigation throughout the crop season; and 4) "excess", 2 inches per irrigation whenever 3) was applied.Both crops responded to irrigation during the flower to harvest stage but snap beans were more sensitive than sweet corn to moisture stress during the pre-flower stage. With both crops, yields from "excess" water were not significantly different from those of the "optimum" treatment.Greater yield responses were obtained from heavy rates of fertilizers with irrigation than without, and as a result the interaction of fertilizer × irrigation was significant in 3 of the 4 years. These effects appeared to be due mostly to the increased nutrient requirements of the larger crops, which resulted when moisture stress was removed, rather than to increased availability of native or applied nutrients. Phosphorus was the only nutrient whose concentration was consistently increased by irrigation, and this was slight.
A COMPARISON OF ACETIC ACID-SOLUBLE AND TOTAL NUTRIENT LEVELS IN PLANT TISSUE AS INDICATORS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Authors: MacKay D. C. , Bishop R. F.
Published: March 2010

Sweet corn leaf samples collected from a 2-year field experiment were analysed for acetic acid-soluble and total concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. A wide range in nutrient levels was obtained by application of a series of fertilizer treatments to a Podzol soil very low in native fertility.The effects of nitrogen and calcium treatments, as indicated by "F" values derived from analyses of variance of these nutrient concentrations, were more readily detected by total than by soluble analyses. Similarly, total nutrient levels produced higher "F" values for the effects of nitrogen treatment on potassium content and of potassium treatment on magnesium content.Total plant levels of nitrogen and potassium followed a more progressive response to soil application rates than did the soluble levels. Further, there was less variability between seasons for total than for soluble nitrogen and potassium, particularly for nitrogen.Either total or soluble nutrient content gave a satisfactory measure of nutritional status for phosphorus but total content was distinctly preferable for nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium.
OPTIMUM LEAF LEVELS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN SWEET CORN AND SNAP BEANS
Authors: MacKay D. C. , Leefe J. S.
Published: March 2010

Optimum nutrient levels were derived by comparing the polynomial regression curves relating leaf analyses and crop yields with rates of applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Uppermost mature leaves were used for analysis, and samples were collected at specific physiological stages of development.In two seasons the optimum levels in sweet corn differed by 7, 25 and 9 per cent, and in snap beans by 12, 29 and 11 per cent for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively. A low moisture supply was generally associated with lower optimum levels for all three nutrients, but "excess" moisture had only slight effects on these levels for any nutrient.Optimum nutrient levels which were calculated from ample moisture conditions were, for the tassel-emerging stage of sweet corn, 3.5, 0.38 and 2.5 per cent, and at the early flower stage of snap beans 5.1, 0.40 and 2.0 per cent for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. At the sixth to seventh leaf stage of sweet corn optimum levels were higher for nitrogen and potassium but lower for phosphorus (3.8, 3.1 and 0.34 per cent respectively), and at the pollen-shedding stage the levels were only slightly different than at tassel-emergence.
RESISTANCE OF BARLEY VARIETIES TO THE APHID RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.)
Authors: Hsu Sze-Jih , Robinson A. G.
Published: March 2010

Forty-nine of one hundred and thirty-six barley varieties tested in the greenhouse showed some resistance (antibiosis or tolerance) to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). When the 49 varieties were retested in the field, 14 demonstrated both antibiosis and tolerance. There was no significant difference in antibiosis among these 14 varieties. No varieties tested were completely immune to the aphid. The varieties Rojo C.I. 5401 and C.I. 3906-1, which showed antibiosis and tolerance to infestations of the aphid in both greenhouse and field, are known to be resistant to the barley yellow dwarf virus. The varieties C.I. 2376, Velvon 11 C.I. 7088, Compana C.I. 5438, Club Mariout C.I. 261 and Kindred C.I. 6969 showed some resistance to the aphid, and are also known to show varying degrees of resistance to the virus, indicating that there may be some correlation between vector resistance and virus resistance in barley plants.
COMPARATIVE SR90 CONTENT OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS GROWN IN A CONTAMINATED SOIL
Authors: Evans E. J. , Dekker A. J.
Published: March 2010

In a greenhouse study in which thirty-six species of plants, including cereal crops, forage crops, and vegetable crops, were grown in a soil contaminated with Sr90, considerable variation was found in the Sr90 content of samples of botanically unrelated species. The Sr90 content varied directly with the calcium content of plant samples, and consequently the Sr90/g. Ca was reasonably constant for most species when similar morphological parts of the plants were compared. Cereal grains were lower in Sr90 content that were the straw samples whether the results were expressed on the basis of a unit dry weight of sample, or a unit weight of Ca in the sample. As a group, legumes contained higher amounts of both Ca and Sr90 than did grasses. Forage grasses were similar in Sr90 content to the straw of cereals. Although the tops of root crops contained more Sr90 than did the roots on a unit dry-weight basis, the roots contained more Sr90/g.Ca. The Sr90 contents of potato tubers and cereal grains were among the lowest of the samples measured.
EFFET DE L’ACIDE GIBBERELLIQUE SUR LA FLETRISSURE FUSARIENNE DES TOMATES ET LA FORME DES FRUITS
Authors: Paquin Roger
Published: March 2010

Tomato plants sprayed twice with gibberellic acid at 2.5, 5.0, 25 and 100 p.p.m. suffered much more than check plants from the shock due to the inoculation with Fusarium lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen. These plants treated with gibberellic acid showed wilt symptoms a few hours after inoculation, but they recovered readily and the disease followed approximately the same course for all inoculated plants. The varietal resistance did not appear to be changed by spraying tomato plants with gibberellic acid.At high concentration of 25 and 100 p.p.m., gibberellic acid induced the formation of small and misshapen tomatoes quite susceptible to rot even under cold-storage conditions.
EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND CUPPING ON HERBAGE YIELDS
Authors: Wilson D. B.
Published: March 2010

An established mixture of three herbage species was grown in 18-inch square boxes in the greenhouse for 100 days and cut at approximately 11-day intervals for yield determination. Light intensities of 1800-, 600- and 200-foot candles were supplied by combinations of natural daylight, shading, and incandescent light. Dry matter yields of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and common white clover (Trifolium repens) decreased as light intensities were decreased but creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) yields, although low in comparison with the other species, remained relatively constant. Clover and fescue yields were not affected significantly by the height of stubble left after harvest at any of the light intensities, but at 1800 foot-candles orchardgrass yields were lower when cutting was to a 4-inch rather than to a 2-inch stubble. Clover comprised 50 to 60 per cent of the herbage mixture under all light and stubble treatments even though liberal applications of nitrogenous fertilizer were made.
MOVEMENT AND ACCUMULATION OF MERCURY IN APPLE TREES AND SOIL
Authors: Ross R. G. , Stewart D. K. R.
Published: March 2010

When sprays of Erad (phenyl mercury acetate) were applied to apple foliage the mercury moved in and from the foliage mainly by translocation rather than by volatilization. It moved to growing fruit and new foliage but there was no uptake through roots.Residues of mercury were found almost entirely in the top 2 inches of the soil in apple orchards sprayed with Erad.
EVALUATION OF A BIO-ASSAY OF ETHER EXTRACTS FROM CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) AS A MEANS OF SCREENING INBREDS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND STALK ROT
Authors: Whitney N. J. , Mortimore C. G.
Published: March 2010

In bio-assay tests ether extracts of the roots and of the stalks of both resistant and susceptible corn inbreds inhibited the growth of Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. and Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch, the level of inhibition varying over the season. However, the extracts of the resistant and susceptible inbreds did not differ consistently in their ability to inhibit fungus growth on any given date. Thus, this bio-assay method cannot be used to evaluate inbreds for resistance to root and stalk rot.
THE EFFECT OF FOURTEEN ROOT EXTRACTS UPON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING LENGTH OF FIFTEEN PLANT SPECIES
Authors: Lawrence T. , Kilcher M. R.
Published: March 2010

Root extract solutions of crested wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, intermediate wheatgrass, couch grass, bromegrass, Altai wild ryegrass, wild barley, poverty weed, alfalfa, sweet clover, reed canary grass, timothy, sorghum grass, and dandelion on quartz sand were used as germinating and growing media for seeds of 12 of these species as well as for wheat, oats, and barley.Root extracts from Russian wild ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, brome, timothy, reed canary, and wild barley had little or no effect on the germination of the seed of most species. Those from Russian wild ryegrass and brome had little effect on seedling length. On the other hand, extracts made from the roots of alfalfa, dandelion, sorghum grass, sweet clover, poverty weed, and couch grass showed the greatest inhibitory effects on both the germination and seedling growth.
GENE EFFECTS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.): II. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF GENE EFFECTS FOR PLANT HEIGHT AND CERTAIN COMPONENT ATTRIBUTES OF YIELD
Authors: Gamble E. E.
Published: March 2010

Estimates of mean effects, additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects were obtained for 15 crosses from 6 inbred lines of corn for each of the following attributes: plant height, kernel row number, ear length, ear diameter, and seed weight.All the gene effects were found to contribute to inheritance of the attributes in the crosses studied. However, not all gene effects are present in all crosses. Mean effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes. Of the gene effects, the dominance gene effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes except for kernel row number. Additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects appear to contribute more or less equally to the inheritance of kernel row number. Additive gene effects were more important for these attributes than for yield. They were relatively more important for kernel row number, ear diameter, and seed weight than for plant height and ear length.Epistatic gene effects were relatively more important than additive gene effects but less important than dominance gene effects for the material studied. For the attributes studied the additive × dominance and dominance × dominance gene effects were somewhat more important contributors to inheritance than the additive × additive effects.
NOTE ON MERCURY RESIDUES IN POTATOES
Authors: Stewart D. K. R. , Ross R. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID BY NEW SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES TRANSLOCATED FROM BARK TO FOLIAGE
Authors: Pielou D. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A METHOD FOR SCARIFYING ROSE SEEDS
Authors: Svejda F. J. , Voisey P. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON EQUIPMENT FOR HAND PICKING GRAIN
Authors: Patterson L. A. , Hurd E. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON EFFECTS OF SHIELDING BELLANI PLATES ON RATE OF EVAPORATION
Authors: Wilcox J. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE INHERITANCE OF RUST RESISTANCE: IX. THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACES 15B AND 56 OF STEM RUST IN THE WHEAT VARIETY KHAPSTEIN
Authors: Knott D. R.
Published: March 2010

The inheritance of resistance to races 15B and 56 of stem rust was studied in the variety Khapstein which obtained its resistance from Khapli emmer. Khapstein was found to carry gene Sr7 which controls resistance to race 15B and two additional genes, one conditioning a type 2 reaction to race 56 and a 2+ – 3 reaction to race 15B, and a second controlling a striking, grey necrosis around pustules produced by race 56. The two have been designated Sr13 and Sr14 respectively.
THE EFFECT OF LIME ON THE STATUS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN A FEW VEGETABLES GROWN ON ACID PEAT SOILS
Authors: Jasmin J. J. , Heeney H. B.
Published: March 2010

A 2-year study on acid dome bogs has shown that 9 tons of agricultural limestone was preferable to 3 tons for onions and carrots. Yields of potatoes were not increased with lime applications above 3 tons per acre under the conditions of this test.Increments in lime application increased soil pH and available phosphorus and decreased the exchangeable potassium.Increments in lime application reduced the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present in the plant tissue at time of sampling and increased calcium. Magnesium was not affected.Unless adequate lime is applied, high quantities of fertilizer may be detrimental to plant growth.
INHERITANCE OF LOOSE SMUT RESISTANCE: I. INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO A TREBI-ATTACKING CULTURE OFUSTILAGO NUDA(JENS.) ROSTR. IN FIVE BARLEY VARIETIES OF ABYSSINIAN ORIGIN
Authors: Metcalfe D. R. , Helgason S. B.
Published: March 2010

The immune reaction of the barley varieties Bifarb (C.I. 3951-3), Kitchin (C.I. 1296-1), Nigrinudum (C.I. 2222), Jet (C.I. 967), and C.I. 5798 to a Trebi-attacking culture of Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. was studied in the F2and F3generations of crosses between these varieties and the U. nuda susceptible variety Newal (C.I. 6088). Resistance was found to be conditioned by single dominant genes. Studies of the F3and F4generations of crosses among the immune varieties indicated that the genes for immunity were each located at the same locus. A study of the F3generation of a cross between Jet and the third outer-glume mutant from Valkie (C.I. 5748), designated herein as Valkie-trd, indicated that these genes for immunity differed from that in Valkie. Because of the similarity of the genetics of reaction to U. nuda in the five varieties, it was concluded that they probably originated from a common Abyssinian ancestor.
THE VALUE OF HYBRIDS AND SYNTHETICS IN SUNFLOWER SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Putt Eric D.
Published: March 2010

Highly significant correlations, in excess of +.7, occurred between the percentage of hybrids in the seed for planting and the yielding ability of two single-cross sunflowers, Advance and Advent. The percentage of hybrids approached or reached 100 when the hybrids were produced by hand-pollination without emasculation and varied down to only 16 per cent when produced commercially by natural pollination in 2 × 2 crossing blocks. Seed from a 50-50 mixture of the two parents of Advance contained less hybrids than seed of the female from crossing blocks and was lower yielding. Quantity of pollen transferred to the female parent greatly affected percentage of hybrids. Yields of four synthetics, each composed of four inbred lines, indicated that synthetics are a better means of using inbred lines in sunflowers than hybrids such as Advance. Double crosses produced by natural pollination were not superior to synthetics made from the same lines.
ACTION DU PHOSPHORE ET DU POTASSIUM SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DU TREFLE LADINO CULTIVE SUR DEUX TYPES DE SOL
Authors: Dionne J. L. , Gervais Paul , Richardson W. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
AN ENVIRONMENTAL CABINET FOR PLANT RESEARCH UTILIZING SUNLIGHT OR ARTIFICIAL ILLUMINATION
Authors: Voisey Peter W.
Published: March 2010

To provide both natural light and artificial light for plant growth, a cabinet with glass on the side walls and top was designed for use in a greenhouse. The cabinet measures 5 feet by 7.5 feet and 5 feet high over-all. It has refrigeration cooling, electric heating and electronic temperature controls for a range of 25 to 100°F. Temperature control is regulated at ±0.5°F. while the maximum variation between different locations in the cabinet is ±2°F. Humidity is maintained by a humidifier installed in the cabinet. The light intensity from fluorescent and incandescent bulbs is 2,000 foot-candles in the center of the cabinet.
SCREENING SWEET AND HOT PEPPERS FOR VERTICILLIUM WILT RESISTANCE
Authors: Woolliest G. E. , Denby L. G. , Hanson A. S. F.
Published: March 2010

A total of 456 varieties and strains of sweet and hot peppers (Capsicum annuum) was screened for resistance to Verticillium wilt by inoculating the roots of seedling plants in a suspension of a local isolate of Verticillium dahliae that had been found to cause severe wilt in susceptible pepper varieties. No accession proved immune; 100 per cent wilt developed in 361, and 70 to 95 per cent in 93. In one accession wilt affected 68 per cent of the plants and in another 46 per cent, the lowest rate of infection that occurred.
COLD HARDINESS OF YOUNG APPLE TREES ORIGINATING FROM THE JUVENILE AND ADULT ZONES OF SEEDLINGS
Authors: Lapins K.
Published: March 2010

Two groups of trees were propagated from both the juvenile and adult zones of apple seedlings that had just come into fruiting. Observations were made on cold hardiness of the propagates as 1- and 2-year-old nursery trees. Both following the severe winter of 1955–56 and artificial freezing in 1960–61, trees propagated from the juvenile zone of certain seedlings were slightly more hardy than trees propagated from the adult zone of the same seedlings. Nevertheless, the relative hardiness of clones was similar, irrespective of the zone subjected to freezing. One-year-old shoots of the trees propagated from the juvenile zone were thinner and slightly better matured than those of the trees originating from the adult zone but, under the conditions of the experiments, hardiness could not be statistically related to the size of shoots and no correlation was found between maturity of shoots and their cold hardiness.
NOTE ON THE ETHANOL CONDUCTIVITY METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF APPLE ROOTSTOCK VIGOR
Authors: Hutchinson A. , Taper C. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE USE OF SORBIC ACID IN THE ENSILAGE OF FORAGE CROPS
Authors: Shearer D. A. , Cordukes W. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF LEAF DISEASES ON YIELD, BUSHEL WEIGHT AND THOUSAND-KERNEL WEIGHT OF PARKLAND BARLEY
Authors: Buchannon K. W. , Wallace H. A. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTES ON "BOYNE" AND "KILLARNEY" RED RASPBERRIES
Authors: Ure C. R. , Morrison J. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON THE EVALUATION OF THE NEW ZEALAND SPACE-PLANT SEEDER
Authors: Kemp J. G. , Kalbfleisch W.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A WATER BATH FOR FILTERING INFRARED RADIATION
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Kalbfleisch W.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON AN ADJUSTABLE PLANT RACK FOR USE IN GROWTH ROOMS
Authors: Scott K. K. , Helson V. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF USING OATS AS A COMPANION CROP WITH ORCHARDGRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L., AND WHITE CLOVER, TRIFOLIUM REPENS L., SOWN FOR PASTURE
Authors: Davis W. E. P.
Published: March 2010

The effect of an oat companion crop upon the establishment and subsequent pasture yield of orchardgrass and Ladino clover was studied at Agassiz, British Columbia. In the year of seeding, oats, irrespective of stage of harvest, provided a degree of weed control and reduced the dry matter yield of orchardgrass and white clover. The reduction in yield for grass and clover persisted into the second year under the silage and grain management, whereas when the oats were harvested for pasture the yields of grass and clover were equal to or greater than the yields of grass and clover grown without a companion crop. Management was more important than rate of seeding the companion crop with respect to the yield of oats, grass, and clover. The herbicide MCPA caused a reduction in dry matter yield for grass and clover in the year following application and was generally less effective for weed control than the oat companion crop.
INFLUENCE OF CLIPPING TREATMENT ON THE YIELD, MINERAL CONTENT AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF THREE GRASS-ALFALFA MIXTURES
Authors: Langille J. E. , Warren F. S.
Published: March 2010

Three mixtures, timothy-alfalfa, bromegrass-alfalfa and orchardgrass-alfalfa, were studied under different clipping treatments in the greenhouse at Nappan, Nova Scotia. The mixtures were clipped each time the plant growth reached heights of 6, 8 and 12 inches to stubble heights of [Formula: see text] and 3 inches. Bromegrass-alfalfa was highest in total yield for almost all treatments. Cutting at the 12-inch height resulted in significantly higher yields than cutting at either 8 or 6 inches for all treatments. The grass fraction of the orchardgrass-alfalfa mixture was the only entry that was significantly higher yielding for all treatments when cut at the shorter stubble height. In the grass fraction of the yield orchardgrass has a mean yield 25 per cent greater for all treatments than timothy and almost 150 per cent greater than bromegrass. The yield of alfalfa grown in association with bromegrass was significantly better for all treatments than when grown with either timothy or orchardgrass. Root production was greater with increase in plant and stubble height. Significant differences in percentage of Ca, Mg, K, P and N content were obtained for all treatments for each of the grasses and the alfalfa grown with them except for the per cent Ca and P in the bromegrass fraction. Production of these elements was influenced more by yield of dry matter than by percentage content.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL FUNGICIDAL TREATMENTS ON YIELDS OF OATS INFECTED BY SEPTORIA
Authors: Clark R. V. , Zillinsky F. J.
Published: March 2010

Substantial increases in yield resulted when oats naturally infected by the fungus Leptosphaeria avenaria f.sp. avenaria were treated with certain fungicides. These increases were most apparent in years when luxurious growth occurred and Septoria development was severe. Some of the fungicides were more effective in controlling the fungus and in improving yields while others were toxic and resulted in yield reductions. The effective fungicides appeared to act as protectants rather than as eradicants but none completely controlled disease development. Number of applications, concentration and addition of sticker-spreaders influenced the performance of some of the fungicides. Although higher yields were obtained, only slight increases in the 1000-kernel weights of the grain were observed.
SEASONAL PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MARSH REED GRASS (CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS) (MICHX.) BEAUV. HARVESTED PERIODICALLY FROM FERTILIZED AND UNFERTILIZED NATIVE SOD
Authors: Corns Wm. G. , Schraa R. J.
Published: March 2010

Yields of marsh reed grass from plots in a native wet-meadow cut two to seven times per summer were reduced in relation to yields of plots cut only once at the end of the season, by 15 to 20 per cent with two to four cuttings, by 35 to 45 per cent with five to six cuttings and about 70 per cent by seven cuttings. Fertilizer applications (200 lb./ac., 16-20-0), during the 2 final years of the 3-year study, increased dry matter from recipient plots cur less than five times in 1960, and from all fertilized plots during 1961. Percentage nitrogen declined progressively in forage of first cuttings from June to September but not in the bi-weekly re-growths. There was no appreciable difference in percentage nitrogen attributable to fertilizer but pounds of nitrogen per acre in forage from fertilized plots exceeded the controls, plots harvested for the first time near the end of June and again at the end of the season being greatest in this respect. Fertilizer increased percentage ether extract slightly, approximately doubled the percentage phosphorus, and had no effect on percentage crude fiber and calcium in the samples tested. Percentages of chemical constituents compared favorably with reported data for upland species.
APHID POPULATIONS AND THEIR DAMAGE TO OATS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Forbes A. R.
Published: March 2010

Populations of aphids on Victory oats were studied during the 4 years 1957–60 at Vancouver, British Columbia. The aphids found, in order of abundance, were: the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (F.) (= granarium (Kirby)), the rose grass aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and the bird-cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). M. avenae and R. padi overwintered as viviparae on small grains and grasses; M. dirhodum overwintered as eggs on Rosa spp. Winged migrants moved to spring-sown oats late in May or in June. Maximum aphid density was low in 1958, moderate in 1957 and 1959, and high in 1960. Predators and parasites were important factors in governing the aphid populations.Yield data from 25 pairs of insecticide-treated and untreated plots showed no significant advantage in yield of oats and only small gains in yield of straw from controlling aphids. The economic injury level for aphids on oats under conditions similar to those in the experimental fields is, therefore, higher than 47 aphids per tiller. General application of non-selective insecticides to control aphids on oats in British Columbia is not recommended.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF VERTICILLIUM-RESISTANT STRAINS OF ESTABLISHED TOMATO VARIETIES
Authors: Denby L. G. , Woolliams G. E.
Published: March 2010

The gene Ve, for resistance to Verticillium wilt, has been incorporated into 45 established tomato varieties at Summerland, British Columbia, using Loran Blood as the initial source of resistance. Crossing and screening procedures are described.
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF RANGE FORAGE PLANTS OF THE FESTUCA SCABRELLA ASSOCIATION
Authors: Bezeau L. M. , Johnston A.
Published: March 2010

The in vitro digestibility of cellulose was determined for 20 grasses, 6 f orbs, and 6 miscellaneous browse species of the Festuca scabrella association of southwestern Alberta. From this was calculated the "Nutritive Value Index" (N.V.I.) and percentage of digestible protein. The mean N.V.I. and the mean digestible protein of the four cultivated grasses, Bromus inermis, Elymus junceus, Festuca rubra, and Phleum pratense, at each stage of growth, was higher than the respective mean of the native species of grasses. However, Bromus pumpellianus, a native species, had a higher mean N.V.I. for all stages of growth than any of the other grasses studied. The forbs as a class were equal or superior to the grasses in N.V.I. and percentage of digestible protein. It is suggested that other factors such as palatability, toxicity, and regional adaptation should be considered before a species is adequately evaluated as a range forage.
FORMULE PERMETTANT D’INTEGRER L’EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ET LA PLUIE PAR UN INSTRUMENT
Authors: Ouellet C. E. , Laporte G.
Published: March 2010

Irrigation needs have been estimated, in the last few years, by a method referred to as the "soil water budget" and based on meteorological factors such as evapotranspiration and rain. In order to eliminate the needs for daily recording and calculation of records, a new formula has been derived. An instrument capable of integrating both evapotranspiration and rain, and made up of an evaporimeter and an integrating cylinder, has been mounted according to it. The cylinder diameter (Dc) is determined by this formula Dc = De √K, when De is the diameter of the evaporimeter and K the ratio between evaporation and potential evapotranspiration of a crop.This instrument was made and tried in 1961. A Wright AP evaporimeter was used. The integrating cylinder, terminated by a funnel to collect rain, is equipped with a scale indicating the soil water deficit and an overflow pipe permitting the evacuation of water in excess of field capacity. The evaporation of a 4-foot sunken tank was taken as the basic value of potential evapotranspiration, since it is considered approximately equivalent to the evapotranspiration of a crop adequately provided with water.This instrument, after some minor corrections, will be an efficient means of predicting irrigation needs. A good correlation was established between this instrument and two other methods of estimating evapotranspiration. Its response to meteorological factors was good.
SPORE POPULATIONS OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM IN SOILS IN RELATION TO THE OCCURRENCE OF COMMON ROOTROT OF WHEAT
Authors: Chinn S. H. F. , Sallans B. J. , Ledingham R. J.
Published: March 2010

The relationship of the spore population of Helminthosporium sativum in soils and the occurrence of common rootrot of wheat in the greenhouse and field was studied in 1959 and 1960. Results appeared to be similar in both years. In the 47 fields studied in 1960, numbers of viable spores of H. sativum ranged from < 8 to 253 per gram of soil. Disease ratings ranged from 1 to 33 for seedlings grown in the greenhouse in soils from these fields, and from 2 to 36 for seedlings and 7 to 56 for mature plants grown in the fields. H. sativum was isolated more frequently from mature field plants than from either greenhouse or field seedlings. Isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained more often from mature field plants than from greenhouse seedlings.Disease rating of seedlings in the greenhouse and the field tended to vary as the logarithm of the population of spores in the soil. No such relationship was found for mature plants. However, fairly good correlations were found between spore populations and frequency of H. sativum isolated from all of these sources. Spore populations of H. sativum were negatively related to the frequency of isolation of Fusarium spp. from mature field plants, but were not related to the incidence of Fusarium in greenhouse seedlings.
CONTROL OF THE SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER, MACROSTELES FASCIFRONS, AND ASTER YELLOWS ON HEAD LETTUCE IN MANITOBA
Authors: Richardson H. P. , Westdal P. H.
Published: March 2010

Malathion, Sevin® (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) and Bayer 39007 (o-Isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) were tested in the field for the control of the six-spotted leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), and protection of lettuce from aster yellows in Manitoba in 1960 and 1961. Malathion at 1 pound per acre at 3-day intervals and at 2 pounds per acre at 4-day intervals controlled the leafhopper and protected the lettuce from aster yellows. At 2 pounds per acre at 6-day intervals malathion was less effective against the leafhopper but still provided adequate protection against aster yellows. Sevin at 1 and 2 pounds per acre at 6-day intervals and Bayer 39007 at 1 pound per acre at 3- and 6-day intervals were as effective as malathion at 1 pound at 3-day intervals. Severe infestations of aphids developed after the use of Sevin; Bayer 39007 left an objectionable white deposit on the lettuce. In early spring crops, treatments that were started 4 weeks after crop emergence were as effective as those started at crop emergence. In summer crops, treatments started 2 weeks after crop emergence were as effective as those started at crop emergence. Nine days after the last of 15 applications of malathion there was a residue of less than 0.5 p.p.m. on the lettuce.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATIONS OF THE BLACK CUTWORM, AGROTIS IPSILON, IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Begg J. A. , Harris C. R. , Manson G. F.
Published: March 2010

Broadcast spray treatments of eight insecticides were incorporated into Berrien sandy loam soil before planting for control of artificial infestations of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), attacking flue-cured tobacco. Rates of application were based on relative toxicities determined by laboratory bioassay.The test insecticides in terms of relative effectiveness were rated as follows: endrin > aldrin = dieldrin = heptachlor > DDT = Dylox > Guthion = Sevin. Increasing the rate of application of each, with the exception of Dylox, Guthion, and Sevin, provided increased protection to the flue-cured tobacco. The treatments in general did not reduce injury to non-economic levels during the first 7 days after the plots were infested. Treatment differences appeared to be more pronounced when the larvae were confined by barriers than when released into open plots. Replacing injured plants with new transplants after each damage count appeared to offer means of assessing speed of action of insecticides against cutworms.
ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GRAPE PHYLLOXERA, PHYLLOXERA VITIFOLIAE, IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO
Authors: Stevenson A. B.
Published: March 2010

A survey was made in vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, in 1959–1961 to determine the distribution and abundance of the root form of the grape phylloxera [Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch)]. The insect was found on roots in 72 of 73 vineyards surveyed, and in 33 others that were not sampled in detail. All vines sampled were infested in 28 of the 73 vineyards. There were only 6 vineyards in which the infestation never exceeded 25 per cent. Phylloxera root injury, as expressed by a gall index, was moderate or lighter in most vineyards. Infestations were lightest on loam and sandy loam soils, such as Vineland fine sandy loam. The variety Delaware was the most heavily infested. The effect of the observed root injury on the vines was not determined.
EFFECTS OF NUTRITION, OSMOTIC PRESSURE, AND TEMPERATURE OF THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON PLANT GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: I. SPRING WHEAT AT THE 4- TO 6-LEAF STAGE
Authors: Woolley D. G.
Published: March 2010

Thatcher wheat at the 4- to 6-leaf stage was grown in nutrient solutions and subjected to five osmotic pressure levels of 0.5, 2.5, 5.5, 8.5, and 11 atmospheres with polyethylene glycol "Carbowax 4000". Root temperatures of 45°, 54°, 67°, and 80°F. and nitrogen treatments of 5, 25, 50, and 100 p.p.m. were also applied. Osmotic pressure and nitrogen treatments had only a small effect on dry matter production, whereas increasing root temperatures significantly increased dry matter in the shoots and roots. Treatment effects on nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and translocation are discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE ON RESULTS OF BARLEY YIELD TRIALS
Authors: Kaufmann M. L. , McFadden A. D.
Published: March 2010

Two series of tests were conducted to determine the influence of seed size on barley yield trials. In the first series, four varieties and four seed categories were studied in seven tests over a period of 3 years. It was shown that large seed produced more tillers and greater yields on the average than small, medium, or bulk seed. It was also illustrated that the yield ranking of varieties can depend on the size of seed used. For example, the large seed of Olli, a low-yielding variety, outyielded the small seed of Husky, a highly productive variety, in these tests. Only in one of the seven tests was emergence reduced by use of small seed.Yields from large seed were compared with those from a combination of large and medium-sized kernels in the second series. In 20 tests with four varieties, over a 2-year period, large seed was more productive on the average than the combination. Striking differences were obtained in some tests. These results serve to emphasize the necessity of using seed of comparable quality in yield trials.
EVALUATING GRASS PLANTS FOR SEED SHATTERING
Authors: Bonin S. G. , Goplen B. P.
Published: March 2010

A method of evaluating individual grass plants for seed shattering is described. The procedure involves harvesting a sample of culms from each plant, just prior to the start of shattering in the field, and maturing these detached culms indoors, sustained in tap water. A machine is described which is used to provide a uniform amount of shattering stress to each culm sample by means of a series of agitations of controlled severity. A mean coefficient of variation of 12.04 per cent was obtained using this technique on 32 clones of reed canary grass. The application of the technique to other species is discussed.
THE PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS TO STRAWBERRY
Authors: Townshend J. L.
Published: March 2010

Under aseptic conditions, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, was pathogenic to roots of strawberry seedlings. After penetrating the epidermis, the nematodes aligned themselves with the long axis of the root at various depths in the cortical parenchyma. Although the endodermis was not invaded by the nematode, it was the first tissue to become discolored. Later, a less intense discoloration was observed in the cortex and epidermis, with the formation of polyderm beneath the damaged endodermis. The intensity of discoloration may be associated with the concentration of phenolic substances in the different tissues.
THE TOLERANCE OF YOUNG APPLE TREES TO AMITROLE, DIURON AND SIMAZINE
Authors: Saidak W. J. , Rutherford W. M.
Published: March 2010

The growth of young apple trees was reduced by application of 24 pounds per acre of either simazine or diuron in a 2-year period. Application of 30 pounds per acre amitrole in the same period had no effect on tree growth, although some slight leaf chlorosis was observed. Adequate weed control for the growing season was obtained with a spring application of amitrole 5 pounds per acre and diuron or simazine 4 pounds per acre. Annual application rates of diuron or simazine should not exceed 6 pounds per acre, in order to avoid injury to young trees.
VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN CALCIUM LEVEL IN LEAVES OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: McEvoy E. T.
Published: March 2010

Radioactivity measurement of leaf samples of tobacco plants following a 6-day absorption period in Ca45-labelled nutrient solution was found to be a rapid test for varietal differences in calcium uptake. Using this method, significant differences in the uptake of calcium were found among varieties and strains of flue-cured tobacco and the ranking of the calcium uptake potential of five strains of tobacco agreed with that obtained by chemical assay. The concentration of Ca45 in the leaf tissue was highest in Delcrest and Hicks, lowest in White Mammoth, and intermediate in Virginia Gold, White Gold, and Jadel. The same ranking of these varieties was obtained when the plants were grown in soil with added Ca45 for a 7-week absorption period. The importance of these tests is based on the findings of other workers that leaf content of calcium is inversely related to quality.
A STUDY OF OAT VARIETIES FOR USE AS ENSILAGE
Authors: Anderson L. J. , Kaufmann M. L.
Published: March 2010

Tall late-maturing varieties produced the highest dry matter yields of 25 oat varieties cut in the medium-dough stage at Lacombe, Alberta, from 1959 to 1961. High tillering was associated with small stems and high fiber content but was not indicative of high yield. With the exception of fiber, chemical constituents were not associated with agronomic characteristics. Nitrate (KNO3) content increased under drought conditions, being twice as high in 1960 as in 1959. Since late-maturing varieties were suitable for both seed and forage production it was concluded that breeding for forage was unwarranted.
ROOT ROT OF HEAD LETTUCE IN ONTARIO
Authors: Busch L. V. , Barron G. L.
Published: March 2010

The symptoms of root rot of head lettuce in Ontario are similar to those described as occurring in New York and California. Unlike the disease from these two areas, however, the root rot in Ontario could not be correlated with ammonium toxicity. No fungus was consistently isolated and roots showing the early symptoms of the disease were frequently free from any organisms. The application of fungicides and/or nematicides to the soil prior to planting did not produce a significant difference in the disease incidence. Micro-organisms were considered to be secondary invaders in the disease syndrome. A field evaluation of lettuce varieties showed that leaf and cos varieties of lettuce were highly tolerant to the Ontario root rot.