bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universals
Authors: Savage Patrick E.
Published: July 2018

Musical universals generally refer to aspects of music that are common across humankind, as opposed to aspects that are culture-specific. The existence of musical universals has implications for diverse areas, such as evolution, aesthetics, and cross-cultural understanding, and has thus been a major focus of debate in ethnomusicology and related disciplines. For reasons of space and expertise, this article focuses on debates about musical universals in the mainstream ethnomusicological canon and their broader connections with concepts of human universals in the Western academic tradition, without intending to diminish the value of alternative approaches developed outside of these traditions. Scale tunings and other aspects of pitch structure were long assumed to be universal. During the 20th century, ethnomusicology embraced relativism, emphasizing cross-cultural differences in musical meaning and behavior. However, a 21st century renewal of interest by music psychologists has seen a return to an empirical middle-ground that seeks to move beyond universal/relative dichotomies. Instead, recent research attempts to characterize the degrees to which different aspects of music are more or less common cross-culturally, and to understand the biological and cultural factors underlying this spectrum. Existing evidence suggests a statistically universal set of basic building blocks that may reflect pan-human biological constraints, but each culture may combine and develop these building blocks in unique ways to construct music that can mean different things to different listeners.
Discussion quality diffuses in the digital public square
Authors: Berry George , Taylor Sean J.
Published: July 2018

Studies of online social influence have demonstrated that friends have important effects on many types of behavior in a wide variety of settings. However, we know much less about how influence works among relative strangers in digital public squares, despite important conversations happening in such spaces. We present the results of a study on large public Facebook pages where we randomly used two different methods—most recent and social feedback—to order comments on posts. We find that the social feedback condition results in higher quality viewed comments and response comments. After measuring the average quality of comments written by users before the study, we find that social feedback has a positive effect on response quality for both low and high quality commenters. We draw on a theoretical framework of social norms to explain this empirical result. In order to examine the influence mechanism further, we measure the similarity between comments viewed and written during the study, finding that similarity increases for the highest quality contributors under the social feedback condition. This suggests that, in addition to norms, some individuals may respond with increased relevance to high-quality comments.
Instrumentalism vs. Realism and Social Construction
Authors: Nikkhah Shirazi Armin
Published: July 2018

An important debate in the philosophy of science, whether an instrumentalist or realist viewof science correctly characterizes science, is examined in this paper through the lens of a relateddebate, namely whether science is a social construct or not. The latter debate arose in responseto Kuhn’s work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in which he argued that while thereexists a process through which scientific understanding evolves from primitive to increasinglyrefined ideas, it does not describe progress ’toward’ anything. Kuhn’s work was then used toargue that there is no such thing as a knowable objective reality, a view much in agreementwith that of the instrumentalist.This paper argues that a generalized version of the correspondence principle applied to a theory’sdomain of validity is an exclusive feature of science which distinguishes it from sociallyconstructed phenomena and thereby supports the realist position. According to this argument,progress in science can be characterized as the replacement of old paradigms by new ones withgreater domains of validity which obey the correspondence principle where the two paradigmsoverlap. This characterization, however, is susceptible to the instrumentalist objection that itdoes not fit the transition from Aristotelian to Newtonian physics. In response, it is requiredthat this argument depend on the intactness of certain core concepts in the face of experimentalchallenge within some regions of the theory’s original domain of validity. While this requirementsaves the argument and even offers an answer to the question of what it would take for our mostestablished theories in physics, relativity and quantum theory, to suffer the same fate as Aristotelianphysics, it also defers a conclusive resolution to the debate between instrumentalistsand realists until it can be determined whether an ultimate theory of nature can be found.
Influential WoS indexed papers on Food Technology domain in 2015: An overview of the current influences of Food technology research
Authors: Turki Houcemeddine , Jalali Seyed Mohammad Jafar
Published: July 2018

In this research paper, we analyzed the hy-core of Food technology Thomson Reuters Web of Science indexed papers for the year 2015 using Bibliometric and Scientometric techniques to obtain an overview about the main journals, institutions, authors and countries that influence the most Food technology research area nowadays. This study confirmed that the main papers that currently influences Food technology research are either new papers defining innovative techniques and findings or old papers that are mainly cited because they are considered as fundamental in the field by the Food technology research communities. It also proved a major current influence of the old highly cited researchers, of the specialized nationwide research institutes, of the journals with high impact factors that publish papers about all the aspects of Food technology research, and of the United States specifically University of Massachusetts Amherst on Food technology research.
Are Matching Funds for Smallholder Irrigation Money Well Spent?
Authors: Mullally Conner , Chakravarty Shourish
Published: July 2018

Groundwater irrigation can dramatically affect agricultural production and productivity. Despite its potential as an agricultural development tool, little credible evidence exists for the impacts of groundwater development on smallholder agriculture. We add to the evidence on the benefits of irrigation investments for small producers by evaluating the Rural Business Development (RBD) program of the Millennium Challenge Corporation in Nicaragua for small plantain producers. The RBD program offered matching funds covering up to 30% of the cost of two years of inputs, extension services, and diesel-powered micro-sprinkler irrigation for individual farms. In order to estimate the average impact of the RBD program on its beneficiaries, we combine model selection via the LASSO with doubly robust treatment effect estimation as applied to two years of panel data for 146 producers. We find that the program had substantial impacts on plantain revenue and production, while achieving nearly complete irrigation coverage of plantain land among beneficiaries. We find no discernible impact on household expenditure.
Making Inferences Using Incidentally Collected Data
Authors: Mellon Jonathan
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses the use of large quantities of incidentallycollected data (ICD) to make inferences about politics. This type of datais sometimes referred to as “big data” but I avoid this term because of itsconflicting definitions (Monroe, 2012; Ward & Barker, 2013). ICD is datathat was created or collected primarily for a purpose other than analysis.Within this broad definition, this chapter focuses particularly on datagenerated through user interactions with websites. While ICD has beenaround for at least half a century, the Internet greatly expanded theavailability and reduced the cost of ICD. Examples of ICD include data onInternet searches, social media data, and user data from civic platforms.This chapter briefly explains some sources and uses of ICD and thendiscusses some of the potential issues of analysis and interpretation thatarise when using ICD, including the different approaches to inference thatresearchers can use.
The Mytho-Historical Roots of Renaissance Humanism
Authors: London Josh
Published: July 2018

An intellectual genealogy of the transmission and influence of the philosophy of Ibn Rushd on early Humanism in Renaissance Europe. I argue that one can trace the development and spread of Averroism through the literary culture of the 12th to 14th centuries, culminating in the quasi-historical travelogue of Sir John Mandeville, who was able to circumvent the ecclesiastical condemnation of Averroist doctrine through the creative, narrativized portrayal of “mirror-societies” cast in a mythologized east. I suggest that it was through the idiom of mythic allegory that the literati of the late Middle Ages preserved Averroist doctrine and thereby vouchsafed the latter flourishing of Humanism in Renaissance Europe.
Performing Solidarity: Whiteness and Status-seeking in the Non-Aligned World
Authors: Vucetic Srdjan
Published: July 2018

The 1955 Afro-Asian Summit at Bandung is regarded as a pivot in the formation of Third World-ism and of coloured solidarity against Western colonialism and global white supremacy. But while this anti-imperialist spirit was no doubt present at Bandung, so were many other spirits, including those of Cold War realpolitik. We consider the different meanings of Bandung by examining the critical role Yugoslavia played in the rise of the Non-Aligned Movement in years that followed the summit. Drawing on primary historical documents, we show that Yugoslav leaders consistently failed to appreciate the racism of the international society and their own racialised privilege in it. They did appreciate, however, that performing solidarity with the decolonised and decolonising nations would bring major status rewards to Yugoslavia in the context of the East-West showdown. That self-consciously anti-imperialist and anti-colonial positions can be thickly enveloped in white ignorance suggests the need for more critical International Relations analyses of race, racism and racialised international hierarchies.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - De Viti De Marco, the "European War", and President Wilson
Authors: Mosca Manuela , Martelloni Francesco
Published: July 2018

Italy entered the war in May 1915, the USA in April 1917. One hundred years on, this paper examines the viewpoint of Antonio de Viti de Marco, the renowned Italian economist who was one of the founders of the pure theory of Public Finance. It first focuses on De Viti’s interpretation of the economic and political aspects of the Great War, and reconstructs his vision of the world conflict as a struggle between liberal democracies and authoritarian states. Secondly, the paper highlights the convergence of De Viti’s ideals with those of President Wilson, seen as the powerful international leader of the Italian democratic interventionists. It also clarifies that the “Wilsonianism” of this movement originated in the Italian Risorgimento, and suggests that this convergence was not coincidental. Finally, it shows how, after the war, the unconditional admiration De Viti felt for the American positions gave way to bitter disappointment.
Economic Inequality and Belief in Meritocracy in the United States
Authors: Solt Frederick , Hu Yue , Hudson Kevan , Song Jungmin , Yu Dong Erico
Published: July 2018

How does the context of income inequality in which people live affect their belief in meritocracy, the ability to get ahead through hard work? One prominent recent study, Newman, Johnston, and Lown (2015), argues that, consistent with the conflict theory, exposure to higher levels of local income inequality lead lower-income people to become more likely to reject—and higher-income people to become more likely to accept—the dominant U.S. ideology of meritocracy. Here, we show that this conclusion is not supported by the study's own reported results and that even these results depend on pooling three different measures of meritocracy into a single analysis. We then demonstrate that analysis of a larger and more representative survey employing a single consistent measure of the dependent variable yields the opposite conclusion. Consistent with the relative power theory, among those with lower incomes, local contexts of greater inequality are associated with more widespread belief that people can get ahead if they are willing to work hard.
The Immorality of Requesting Expedited Review
Authors: Miller Joseph Scott
Published: July 2018

It is common practice, as it has been for decades, for legal scholars to submit draft papers to many law journals simultaneously. They then tell more prestigious journals of publishing offers they have received from less prestigious journals, in an effort to maximize the prestige of the journal in which the piece finally appears. They do so to benefit their personal careers, overlooking that, along the way, they have systematically redistributed labor away from student editors at less prestigious journals, and toward student editors at more prestigious journals. They—we—are wrong to do it and should stop.
(Ph.D. dissertation) Demographic change and economic development at the local level in Brazil
Authors: Amaral Ernesto F. L.
Published: July 2018

(Ph.D. Dissertation)In this analysis, I estimate the impact of the changing relative size of the adult male population, classified by age and education groups, on the earnings of employed males living in 502 Brazilian local labor markets during four time periods between 1970 and 2000. The effects of shifts in the age distribution of the working age population have been studied in relation to the effect of the baby-boom generation on the earnings of different cohorts in the United States. However, the question has received little attention in the context of the countries in Asia and Latin America, which are now experiencing substantial shifts in their age-education distributions. Taking advantage of the huge variation across Brazilian local labor markets, the models in this research suggest that age-education groups are not perfect substitutes, so that own-cohort-education size depresses earnings, as expected by the theory. Compositional shifts are influential, attesting that this approach represents a fruitful way of studying this central problem in economic development, going beyond the effects normally analyzed by formal labor market equations.
Does 'Public Use' Mean the Same Thing It Did Last Year?
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

In 2011, Congress enacted the America Invents Act (AIA), the mostsubstantial overhaul of the patent system in the past sixty years. The mostsignificant change in the AIA was the move from a first to invent regime toa first inventor to file regime. The goal of the move to first to file,besides harmonization, is to encourage inventors to move with alacrity toshare their invention with the world.There is an ambiguity in the AIA, however, that threatens that disclosureobjective. Some commentators have argued that Congress intended tofundamentally change the rules of prior art in a way that would encouragesecrecy rather than disclosure. Under this interpretation of the new law,an inventor can use its process in secret for commercial purposes,potentially forever, and still file a patent on that invention at somepoint in the future. Far from encouraging disclosure, on thisinterpretation the effect of the AIA is to encourage secrecy and delay inpatenting. Curiously, the argument is that Congress signaled its intent tomake this fairly radical change by re-enacting language that had been inthe Patent Act for the last 140 years: the words "public use."Because two of these commentators, Bob Armitage and Joe Matal, wereinvolved in the drafting of the AIA, this argument has carried substantialweight, and the PTO in 2013 adopted regulations that read the term "publicuse" in the AIA as meaning something completely different than it had forthe century before 2011.In this paper, I make two points. First, as a matter of statutoryinterpretation it is unlikely that Congress intended to make such a change,not only because they readopted existing statutory language but becauseother parts of the statute make no sense under such an interpretation.Second, reading the AIA as making such a change would be unwise as a policymatter, not only because it would encourage secrecy but because it wouldundermine confidence that other terms reenacted in the AIA have the samemeaning they have accrued in decades of common law.
Alchemical symbols on Stećak tombstones and their meaning
Authors: Dardagan Amer
Published: July 2018

In order to truly be able to understand the phenomenology of Stećak tombstones in its total complexity, the Stećak primarily needs to be viewed through philosophy (Neoplatonism), theology (Cataphatic and Apophatic theology) and through the practice of theurgy and alchemy (work on stone and metal). It is very difficult to understand the symbols on Stećak tombstones without the essential knowledge of the basic principles and philosophy of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, so even the most dedicated researchers of Bosnian Middle Ages observed Stečak symbols only as a decorative motifs denying the tombstones' enormous amount of "philosophical and spiritual content" that greatly can help in the study of the religious character of the Bosnian Church in the Middle Ages. To understand the meaning of many symbols of alchemy and theurgy on Stećak tombstones, a researcher of Bosnian medieval spirituality has to relate himself with one world in which mystery and spirituality are central. For example alchemical imagination constantly reminds us that opposing forces in nature have to unite thus forming a special relationships in a way that through their unification the mysterious "third" occurs (Alchemical "Egg","Philosopher's Stone", "Tree of Life") that transcends an ordinary existence.
"Who were "Guests" in the Bosnian Church?" -The meaning of the mysterious title "Guest" reserved for the higher members of the church's hierarchy-
Authors: Dardagan Amer
Published: July 2018

The main aim of the Bosnian Church's research has largely relied on attempts to devise mysterious titles within its church hierarchy. All past attempts to link the title of "guest" to dualistic churches in the West and East, or to the Catholic and Orthodox Church have failed and have no reliance on sources. It is certain that this is an original title inherent in Bosnian medieval spirituality, which probably would have to rely on early Christian practice of hospitality. This hypothesis was also suggested by some earlier researchers pointing to the equivalence of the term "stranger" and "guest" in the sources, also prominent in Old and New Testament abound with the many uses of these terms. Knowing that God in the Bible reveals Him through the incarnating Christ in a role of stranger or a guest in the homes of people, it is appropriate to assume that the concept of "hospitality", "home" (hiža) and "hospitium" (gostinjac) is of crucial importance within Bosnian Church's Christian mysticism. In accordance with the etymology of the title "guests" it is reasonable to assume that their ecclesial activity was closely related to the missionary activities of preaching and spreading the Word on one very high level which required the community to have a great respect for them. It is known that Christ identified with the guests, that the service to the guest was equalized with the service of Christ Himself, that the reward for hospitality to the guest was eternal life and that the inhospitality toward the guest meant the eternal punishment. The spiritual activity of the guests had to have an emphasis on the theology of affirmation so characteristic for Christian mysticism. Precious information in this regard provides motives and messages on the stećak tombstones of "guests", where their ranks of service and honor are shown in the picture and in words.
The Maker Movement: Copyright Law, Remix Culture and 3D Printing
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: July 2018

Rimmer, Matthew (2017) The Maker Movement: Copyright law, remix culture, and 3D printing. University of Western Australia Law Review, 41(2), pp. 51-84.There has been much interest in how intellectual property law, policy, and practice will adapt to the emergence of 3D printing and the maker movement. Intellectual property lawyers will have to grapple with the impact of additive manufacturing upon a variety of forms of intellectual property – including copyright law, trade mark law, designs law, patent law, and trade secrets. The disruptive technology of 3D printing will both pose opportunities and challenges for legal practitioners and policy-makers.Rather than try to survey this expanding field, this article considers a number of early conflicts and skirmishes in respect of copyright law and 3D printing. There has been significant interest in the impact of 3D printing on copyright law and the creative industries. There have been classic issues raised about copyright subsistence, and the overlap between copyright law and designs. There has also been a moral panic about 3D printing facilitating copyright infringement – like peer to peer networks such as Napster in the past. There has been a use of open licensing models such as Creative Commons licensing to facilitate the sharing of 3D printing files. Such battles highlight a conflict between the open culture of the Maker Movement, and the closed culture of copyright industries. In many ways, such conflicts touch upon classic issues involved in ‘information environmentalism’. Part II looks at the controversy over Left Shark. In particular, it examines the copyright claims of Katy Perry in respect of the Left Shark figure. Part III considers questions about scanning. Augustana College tried to assert copyright against a maker, Jerry Fisher, who was scanning statues of Michelangelo (although copyright had long since expired in such work). Part IV focuses upon copyright law, 3D printing and readymades. The Estate of Marcel Duchamp lodged a copyright protest over a 3D printed set of chess, based on the work of Marcel Duchamp. Part V examines the intervention of a number of 3D printing companies in a Supreme Court of the United States dispute in Star Athletic v. Varsity Brands. Part VI considers copyright law and intermediary liability. Part VII examines the operation of technological protection measures in the context of copyright law and 3D Printing
Ser ou não ser – políticas que se implementam e outras que não saem do papel
Authors: Flores Isabel
Published: July 2018

In this article the authors purpose a practical and working framework to apply the Multiple Streams Approach, considering this model is extended to explain de decision process in several dimensions. It is essentially a proposal for systematising research, that is susceptible of replication in studies where the departing question is linked to the understanding of the reason some policies are enacted and others not. This proposal aims at finding balances among the streams that lead to create the necessary conditions of policy applicability. We propose a formula of anticipating the possibility of policy enactment given the combination of the streams, policy entrepreneur and window of opportunity openness at the policy approval moment.
Policy or Window Dressing? Exploring the Impact of Poverty Reduction Strategies on Poverty Rates among the Canadian Provinces
Authors: Plante Charles
Published: July 2018

Poverty reduction strategies (PRS) have become a popular instrument for addressing poverty globally. In Canada, all ten provinces have committed to adopting PRS. The province’s commonalities and differences provide an ideal testing ground for studying their effects. Do PRS actually reduce poverty? According to their detractors, governments use PRS as ‘window dressing’ to gloss over unsuccessful poverty reduction efforts. In this study, I identify the timing of the introduction of PRS action plans and explore whether they have coincided with changes in provincial poverty rates. I find that more often than not rates have dropped before rather than after the introduction of PRS. This suggests that governments have indeed used PRS as window dressing, but to showcase and claim credit for poverty reduction successes.
"RECYCLING" CONSUMERISM TO CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Umanailo M Chairul Basrun
Published: July 2018

Tidak lepas dalam ingatan kita, bagaimana Jean Baudrilard menelanjangi konsumerisme dengan karya besar tentang masyarakat konsumsi, Yasraf Amir Piliang mencoba untuk meretas konsumerisme lewat tafsir Cultural Studies atas matinya Makna, sementara itu Ritzer, Douglas, maupun Barry Smart yang masih setengah hati menafsirkan makna dari konsumerisme. Kesemuanya itu adalah upaya mengkonstruksi dan meleburkan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dan terbangun dalam suatu essay lepas untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran bahwa konsumerisme siap menerkam kita kapan saja dan dimana saja
The rise of the randomistas: on the experimental turn in international aid
Authors: Donovan Kevin P.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, the use of experimental methodologies has emerged as a central means of evaluating international aid interventions. Today, proponents of randomized control trials (so-called randomistas) are among the most influential of development experts. This article examines the growth of this thought collective, analysing how uncertainty has become a central concern of development institutions. It demonstrates that transformations within the aid industry – including the influence of evidence-based policy, the economization of development, and the retreat from macro-planning – created the conditions of possibility for experimentation. Within this field, the randomistas adeptly pursued a variety of rhetorical, affective, methodological, and organizational strategies that emphasized the lack of credible knowledge within aid and the ability of experiments to rectify the situation. Importantly, they have insisted on the moral worth of experimentation; indeed, the experimental ethic has been proposed as the way to change the spirit of development. Through causal certitude, they propose to reduce human suffering. The rise of experimentation has not, however, eliminated accusations of uncertainty; rather, it has redistributed the means through which knowledge about development is considered credible.
Definitions across the Disciplines: Surveying Primary Sources in the Classroom
Authors: Leslie Christopher , Anderberg Lindsay , Collier Zakiya
Published: July 2018

In C.P. Snow’s The Two Cultures (1959) the divide between scientists and humanists is described as both practical and cultural. That is, scientists and humanists not only perform different jobs, but they also understand the world differently. Humanities for STEM: Using Archives to Bridge the Two Cultures Divide, a two-year research collaborative funded by New York University’s Center for the Humanities, re-investigates Snow’s thesis through the study of primary sources and archival research.Archives, often thought to be squarely in the domain of the humanities, also contain primary source documents from the sciences and, therefore, can be used to enhance the understanding of STEM. Because this research collaborative posits that primary sources can aid STEM education and research, it becomes important to define what scientists and humanists understand primary sources to be. Is the term “primary source” part of the conceptual and cultural divide Snow describes?In order to understand how a primary source is defined by various disciplines, research collaborative members created and disseminated a survey to faculty at New York University. The results of this survey led to an awareness that what is considered to be a primary source varies between disciplines. Although the notion that primary sources contain first-hand accounts of actual events was established across the disciplines, there was disagreement as to which formats were considered to be primary sources. Practitioners in STEM and social sciences considered journal articles and data sets to be primary sources. Humanities professionals were unique in their belief that “physical documents from an archive (eg., correspondence, photographs)” were one of the top forms of primary sources. With two working definitions of primary sources, it becomes clear that while faculty in most disciplines insist they are using primary sources, faculty from across the divide may disagree as to which documents are in fact primary sources. The differing definition of primary sources could lead to potential projects for either side: raw data and journal articles in historical contexts for humanities classrooms or innovative uses of letters, journals, and objects in STEM classrooms.
Accessibility of waste collection services in Romania: a multi-scale analysis in EU context using thematic cartography
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

Low coverage of urban and rural population to waste collection servicesleads to various environmental threats caused by uncontrolled wastedisposal. New EU regulations on waste management issues transposed intonational laws have improved this sector, but, the population access to suchservices is still low compared to others new EU members. A multi-scaleapproach of this indicator is a necessary tool for a proper analysis ofthis environmental issue. The maps reveal that Romanian development regions(NUTS 2) have the lowest coveragerates at EU level in 2010. Furthermore, major disparities are reflectedbetween Romanian counties in 2010. Thematic maps outline a comparativeanalysis at national and regional scale (Romanian counties & cities andcommunes of North-East Region) between urban vs rural areas in 2010. Thesegeographical approaches are necessary for a better monitoring process ofwaste management sector.
Rhythm-making, halfway ethnographies and ‘city heartbeats’
Authors: Coletta Claudio
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the issue of temporality in undertaking ethnographic fieldwork, drawing on research that examined urban automated management, wherein software is used to automatically regulate traffic flow in a city. In this case, the study addressed: 1) polyrhythmia at different scales produced by algorithms, technology, management and urban life, and; 2) the process of organizing multiple timelines to tune the ‘heartbeat’ of the city. Time is a resource for coordination and regulation, as well as for making sense of actions and experience. Being increasingly dispersed, and black-boxed in a multiplicity of processes affecting and configuring the way the past, present and future are perfomed and lived, time also represents a new object of concern for the ethnographic investigation of algorithmic management. I argue that ethnography allows us to understand the material organizing of dispersed and heterogeneous temporalities while also intersecting with such temporalities. Drawing on Guattari and Deleuze’s concept of ‘refrain’ and from Lefebvre’s ‘rhythmanalysis’, I introduce the concepts of rhythm-making and halfway ethnography with the purpose of accounting for the manufacturing of multiple temporalities and for the time-boundedness that links ethnographic practice and the technological, organizational, and cultural ‘heartbeats’ of fieldwork. This approach intends to temporally and spatially reposition organizational ethnography, offering analytical tools to study new contemporary entanglements of ethnographic practice and data.
Addiction Science and Policy Requires a Broader Lens: Comment on Volkow & Collins’ The Role of Science in Addressing the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Dunleavy Daniel J.
Published: July 2018

Addiction Science and Policy Requires a Broader Lens: Comment on Volkow &Collins’ The Role of Science in Addressing the Opioid Crisis.Unpublished Letter Submitted to the New England Journal of Medicine
Examining the Relationship between E-Learning Styles and Achievement in English among Moroccan University Students
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Ghouati Azize EL
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study is fourfold: to examine the nature of relationship between visual learning syle (VLS), auditory learning style (ALS), kinesthetic learning style (KLS), and read/write learning style (R/WLS) and students’ English achievement (EA) in technology-based learning environment among Moroccan university students. The present study adopts a quantitative research design. Therefore, the main instruments are questionnaires, and English achievement tests. Both the questionnaires and language tests are analyzed and interpreted quantitatively. The reliability of the questionnaire sections and scales as well as tests constructs matches the criterion for acceptable internal consistencies (α=70). The statistical tools used in order to help analyze and interpret data include descriptive and inferential statistics which make use of frequencies, percentage, and Correlation tests. Following what has been hypothesized; the test results do not support the four research hypotheses claiming there is no statistically significant relationship between the VLS, ALS, KLS, and R/WLS and students’ level of EA. The findings of the present study highlight some implications to improve students’ achievement in English with the help of e-learning style preference.
British Counterinsurgency in Malaya: Population Control, Intelligence and Military Operations
Authors: Miroiu Andrei
Published: July 2018

An analysis of counterinsurgency operations in the Malayan Emergency.
Manifesto on Algorithmic Humanitarianism
Authors: McQuillan Dan
Published: July 2018

The Manifesto on Algorithmic Humanitarianism was presented at the symposium on 'Reimagining Digital Humanitarianism', Goldsmiths, University of London, Feb 16th 2018
Private rental in transition: institutional change, technology and innovation in Australia
Authors: Hulse Kath , Martin Chris , James Amity , Stone Wendy
Published: July 2018

This study is a comprehensive analysis of the Australian private rental sector and its institutions. It explores the interplay between regulation; organisations and structures; and social norms and practices of prevailing policies. It also explores the impact of innovation and digital technology.
American Policing and the Danger Imperative
Authors: Sierra-Arévalo Michael
Published: July 2018

Despite the fact that policing is growing safer in the United States, thedanger associated with police work continues to structure departmentaltraining and police behavior. This article describes how police aresocialized into a cultural frame conceptualized as the "danger imperative"—the preoccupation with violence and the provision of officer safety—and the unintended, deadly consequences of their perception through it. Using nearly 1000 hours of participant observation and 94 interviews across three urban police departments, the author demonstrates that officers are formally and informally socialized into this frame, and learn both policy-sanctioned and policy-deviant behaviors to protect themselves from violence. However, policy-deviant behavior such as not wearing a seatbelt when driving, though justified as necessary to allow officers to defend themselves from violence, places officers at grave risk of injury and death in high-speed car crashes.
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - Keynes, Mill, and Say’s Law: A Comment on Roy Grieve’s Mistaken Criticisms of Mill
Authors: Ahiakpor James C.W.
Published: July 2018

Employing different meanings of classical concepts of saving, capital, investment, and money, and incorrectly attributing the assumption of full employment of labor and a world of certainty to classical analysis, Keynes (1936) faulted Say’s Law as irrelevant to the real world. Roy Grieve (2016) ignores previous clarifications of Keynes’s misrepresentations and misunderstandings of Mill’s restatements of the law. He employs similar misrepresentations and misunderstandings of Mill’s explanations as Keynes. His model of Mill’s analysis is incapable of explaining how variations in relative prices, the value of money, and interest rates coordinate production, consumption and savings decisions in a monetary economy.
Black Lives Matter in Wikipedia: Collaboration and Collective Memory around Online Social Movements
Authors: Twyman Marlon , Keegan Brian , Shaw Aaron
Published: July 2018

Social movements use social computing systems to complement offline mobilizations, but prior literature has focused almost exclusively on movement actors' use of social media. In this paper, we analyze participation and attention to topics connected with the Black Lives Matter movement in the English language version of Wikipedia between 2014 and 2016. Our results point to the use of Wikipedia to (1) intensively document and connect historical and contemporary events, (2) collaboratively migrate activity to support coverage of new events, and (3) dynamically re-appraise pre-existing knowledge in the aftermath of new events. These findings reveal patterns of behavior that complement theories of collective memory and collective action and help explain how social computing systems can encode and retrieve knowledge about social movements as they unfold.
Community-based participatory research with LGBTQ communities in Alabama and Mississippi
Authors: Strunk Kamden K , Baggett Hannah , Beall Andrea L. , Hafftka Raina
Published: July 2018

This case study is based on our work with community-based participatory research with LGBTQ communities in Alabama and Mississippi. We describe the process of conducting community-based participatory research in this population, with particular focus on some of the obstacles to success, and some of the strategies that were useful for our work. We discuss the Institutional Review Board process for this study, the process of identifying and recruiting community researchers, our process of providing research training, and the analytic process for this work. In particular, we describe the steps we took to present our study to the Institutional Review Board to ensure clarity and ethical compliance. We articulate our recruitment strategies, including coordination with community organizations, and the use of social media for recruiting. We describe the process we undertook to train community members in research ethics and interviewing skills. Finally, we describe the process we are involved in for data analysis that includes community collaboration. Our goal is to provide a case study which can be useful for those considering a community-involved approach to understanding marginalized populations.
Interfaces and divisions in the Dublin Docklands 'Smart District'
Authors: Heaphy Liam James
Published: July 2018

The study of physical and social divisions in divided societies has long been an area of study, such as the continued usage of 'peace walls' in Belfast, hostile architecture to prevent anti-social behaviour and rough sleeping, and the securitisation of private spaces. In the context of a new drive to create a smart district, this paper looks at the relationship between smart urbanism and planning, and at the spatial and social divisions between a new 'gentrifying' and well-educated community in the Dublin Docklands and established communities in the area. The Dublin Docklands redevelopment marks a significant break from a pattern of suburbanisation and inner-city decline and repurposes part of the former port area as a city centre extension. The paper accounts for the reshaping of the Dublin Docklands as a ‘smart district’ in collaboration with the city authorities, based on over thirty semi-structured interviews and participant-observation at consultation events. It argues that reductive definitions of smart cities as networking technologies be reworked into broader considerations on urban technologies and the future of cities, with greater emphasis on the relationship between technologies branded as ‘smart’ and the material and digital manifestation of boundaries in urban form.
Deliberative Processes in Practice
Authors: Calyx Cobi
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses the use of deliberative processes in policy making about bioethics, drawing more broadly on deliberative democracy theory and health policy. We discuss who runs deliberative processes and why, but are particularly concerned with what conditions are needed for deliberative processes to be successful. We note uncertainties and tensions that may be inevitable in meeting these conditions. Fairness and accountability emerge as themes in which these conditions can be grouped. For accountability in particular, understanding the policy context and motives for deliberative processes are essential to their evaluation.
The Religious Right in the United States and Canada: Evangelical Communities, Critical Junctures, and Institutional Infrastructures
Authors: Fetner Tina
Published: July 2018

Why has the religious right been more influential in the United States than in Canada? Traditional approaches to the study of social movements focus only on the life of the movement, from emergence to decline. Instead, I conduct a historical, comparative analysis on the pre-movement activities of evangelical Christian communities in these two countries from 1925-1975. Employing insights from historical institutionalism, I identify two critical junctures in the historical development of evangelical communities that suppressed the entrepreneurship and institution-building activities of Canadian evangelicals relative to those in the United States. I find that these divergences in institution building affected the size and strength of the institutional infrastructures—supportive organizations, networks, and resources—of the religious right movements in these countries. I argue that historical, comparative analysis in general, and historical institutionalism in particular, is useful to social movement scholarship's understanding of cross-national movement comparisons.
Book Review: Lying to Ourselves: Dishonesty in the Army Profession
Authors: Reed David S.
Published: July 2018

Wong and Gerras present their research about the pressure on one type of public sector manager—U.S. Army officers—to prevaricate and lie. This is the version submitted to the journal. The published version is: Reed, D. S. (2018), Lying to Ourselves: Dishonesty in the Army Profession. Leonard Wong and Stephen J. Gerras. U.S. Army War College Press, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 2015. 53 pp. Open Access (PDF). Governance, 31: 409–410. doi:10.1111/gove.12337
The Goldilocks Theory
Authors: Oman-Reagan Michael P.
Published: July 2018

Oman-Reagan Michael P. "The Goldilocks Theory." The Winnower. 2:e142974.49132. DOI: 10.15200/winn.142974.49132
Statistical Reporting Inconsistencies in Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Duev Georgi , Nuijten Michele B. , Sprenger Jan
Published: July 2018

Experimental philosophy (x-phi) is a young field of research in the intersection of philosophy and psychology. It aims to make progress on philosophical questions by using experimental methods traditionally associated with the psychological and behavioral sciences, such as null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). Motivated by recent discussions about a methodological crisis in the behavioral sciences, questions have been raised about the methodological standards of x-phi. Here, we focus on one aspect of this question, namely the rate of inconsistencies in statistical reporting. Previous research has examined the extent to which published articles in psychology and other behavioral sciences present statistical inconsistencies in reporting the results of NHST. In this study, we used the R package statcheck to detect statistical inconsistencies in x-phi, and compared rates of inconsistencies in psychology and philosophy. We found that rates of inconsistencies in x-phi are lower than in the psychological and behavioral sciences. From the point of view of statistical reporting consistency, x-phi seems to do no worse, and perhaps even better, than psychological science.
No Need to Turn Bayesian in Multilevel Analysis with Few Clusters: How Frequentist Methods Provide Unbiased Estimates and Accurate Inference
Authors: Elff Martin , Heisig Jan Paul , Schaeffer Merlin , Shikano Susumu
Published: July 2018

Comparative political science has long worried about the performance of multilevel models when the number of upper-level units is small. Exacerbating these concerns, an influential Monte Carlo study by Stegmueller (2013) suggests that frequentist methods yield biased estimates and severely anti-conservative inference with small upper-level samples. Stegmueller recommends Bayesian techniques, which he claims to be superior in terms of both bias and inferential accuracy. In this paper, we reassess and refute these results. First, we formally prove that frequentist maximum likelihood estimators of coefficients are unbiased. The apparent bias found by Stegmueller is simply a manifestation of Monte Carlo Error. Second, we show how inferential problems can be overcome by using restricted maximum likelihood estimators for variance parameters and a t-distribution with appropriate degrees of freedom for statistical inference. Thus, accurate multilevel analysis is possible without turning to Bayesian methods, even if the number of upper-level units is small.
Exploring Administrative Records Use for Race and Hispanic Origin Item Non-Response
Authors: Rastogi Sonya , Fernandez Leticia , Noon James , Zapata Ellen , Bhaskar Renuka
Published: July 2018

Race and Hispanic origin data are required to produce official statistics in the United States. Data collected through the American Community Survey and decennial census address missing data through traditional imputation methods, often relying on information from neighbors. These methods work well if neighbors share similar characteristics, however, the shape and patterns of neighborhoods in the United States are changing. Administrative records may provide more accurate data compared to traditional imputation methods for missing race and Hispanic origin responses. This paper first describes the characteristics of persons with missing demographic data, then assesses the coverage of administrative records data for respondents who do not answer race and Hispanic origin questions in Census data. The paper also discusses the distributional impact of using administrative records race and Hispanic origin data to complete missing responses in a decennial census or survey context.
A smart place to work? Big data systems, labour, control, and modern retail stores
Authors: Evans Leighton , Kitchin Rob
Published: July 2018

The modern retail store is a complex coded assemblage and data-intensive environment, its operations and management mediated by a number of interlinked big data systems. This paper draws on an ethnography of a superstore in Ireland to examine how these systems modulate the functioning of the store and working practices of employees. It was found that retail work involves a continual movement between a governance regime of control reliant on big data systems which seek to regulate and harnesses formal labour and automation into enterprise planning, and a disciplinary regime that deals with the symbolic, interactive labour that workers perform and acts as a reserve mode of governmentality if control fails. This continual movement is caused by new systems of control being open to vertical and horizontal fissures. While retail functions as a coded assemblage of control, systems are too brittle to sustain the code/space and governmentality desired.