bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does the decision to build, buy or partner fit into a winning innovation strategy?
Authors: Lignell Malin
Published: July 2024

With an increasingly fragmented market for financial services and customers’ expectations influenced by their experience in other industries as well, innovation is also crucial in the financial sector. Polishing user interfaces and making existing services available in digital channels will not suffice. This paper focuses on different aspects and perspectives for a winning innovation strategy and cultural and contextual preconditions that will affect your decision to build, buy or partner as part of that strategy. Based on ISO Standards for Innovation Management and a chosen theoretical framework, you will learn how the culture, values and context of a 150-year-old bank affect our innovation process, what is on our Trend Radar for emerging technologies, and how we use this as a tool to choose what to do — and what not to do. Our Digitalisation & Innovation team are ‘pioneers and settlers’, and our success depends on how well we collaborate with our brilliant ‘town planners’. An example of radical innovation activities is an ongoing initiative regarding central bank digital currencies. This is a good example of a joint venture between different parts of the organisation as well as with external partners. There tends to be a perception, sometimes, that partnering for innovation is equivalent to partnering with or investing in FinTechs, including start-ups. It needs to be viewed much more broadly than this. The factors that will ultimately decide whether you have a winning strategy or not depend on the context in which, and reasons why, these decisions are made. And in the end, it will be customers who decide whether your innovation strategy is a winner or not.
The new National Planning Policy Framework and National Planning Policy Guidance: An illustration of case law influencing government policy
Authors: Childs Jamie , Wootton Paul
Published: July 2024

This paper reflects on the new National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)1 which was published on 24 July 2018. The paper highlights issues which those interested in developing land need to be aware of and how it has, in many respects, been influenced by recent case law. This represents the largest overhaul of national planning policy since the introduction of the current NPPF in 2012.
Dementia and professional fundraising: What to know and what to plan
Authors: Hyppa-Martin Jolene , Hofmann Robert , Mccollar Lani
Published: July 2024

Fundraising professionals who frequently engage with an ageing population need to be familiar with dementia, a condition affecting about 10 per cent of individuals aged 65 years and older in the US. Nearly a third of major gifts are given by individuals over the age of 65, and many individuals remain active in philanthropy well into their 80s. A recent national survey demonstrated professional fundraisers' commitment to ethical fundraising and highlighted questions about how, and whether, professional fundraisers can ethically steward longstanding relationships with an ageing client population at higher risk of dementia. Perspectives of five philanthropists diagnosed with early stage dementia included: (a) a desire to remain engaged in financial and philanthropic activities as long as possible; (b) suggestions for proactively including trusted advisers; (c) concerns about unsolicited calls and texts from unfamiliar organisations or institutions; and (d) reasons that fundraising professionals should use specific strategies to support effective and respectful communication. A novel form of documentation, the Philanthropic Directive, is proposed. Benefits of philanthropic organisations self-initiating a process to become dementia-friendly are summarised, including learning to recognise dementia signs. Finally, a simple baseline assessment tool is suggested for use as a starting point for organisations to identify potential areas of need regarding their interactions with an ageing population at higher risk of dementia. Freely available resources are suggested as training materials if areas of need are discovered.
Collecting as much data as possible: Is that a key differentiator for private market investments?
Authors: Le Caranta Catherine
Published: July 2024

Private markets are considered by investors as the new El Dorado for delivering much-needed performance and diversification. However, private market asset classes raise new challenges as they require a different operational approach. This paper focuses on the data requirements for private market investing and questions the idea that getting ‘as much data as possible’ is truly best when considering the output in relation to the effort and cost spent on operational tasks.
Measuring the effectiveness of peer-to-peer influencer marketing in an integrated brand campaign
Authors: Sciarrino Joann , Wilcox Gary B. , Chung Arnold
Published: July 2024

In response to consumers seeking information from sources other than advertising, brands, particularly those in digital and social media marketing, are increasingly adding both paid and unpaid influencer marketing campaigns into their integrated marketing communications. This paper evaluates both digital advertising and a peer-to-peer influencer strategy within an integrated brand campaign using the social media performance model (SMPM). In a wide range of other settings, the SMPM has identified significant relationships between organic social media variables for both nonprofit and for-profit business-to-consumer and business-to-business brands as well as paid social (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram), e-mail spend and Google AdWords spend that have led to a scientific measurement outcome. As new relationships are discovered from the findings here, the SMPM enables data-driven strategies that can be used to influence key performance indicators achieved through a wide range of digital and non-digital marketing efforts.
Examining intrapreneurship: Meal deals as traffic builders in food retail
Authors: Zwanka Russell J.
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the relationship between meal bundling and driving customer traffic in foodservice and food retail overall, derived from a focused application of ‘entrepreneurship from within the organisation’ (or intrapreneurship). The study expands the domain of foodservice strategies by including a broader sales growth role than is normally found in the branding literature. The paper opts for an experimental study using current offerings in foodservice for a major regional food retailer, and bundling them as an offer called a ‘Meal Deal’. The Meal Deal was then offered in every store on one particular day of the week, with an advertising component of in-ad communication, in-store communication and social media engagement. The paper provides empirical insights to the hypothesis: if we aim to grow customer acquisition and sales, an entrepreneurial innovation process with a current trend (meal solutions) can be used as a traffic builder for the foodservice department. The results were highly encouraging versus baseline measures.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009: Setting up a multi-agency regional response centre — a toolkit for other public health emergencies
Authors: Cleary Vivien , Balasegaram Sooria , Mccloskey Brian , Keeling David , Turbitt Deborah
Published: July 2024

The H1N1 pandemic emerged from Mexico in April 2009. In the UK, local Health Protection Units were quickly overwhelmed with calls from health professionals seeking public health advice on this novel virus. The Health Protection Agency (HPA) led the initial response and established regional flu response centres (FRCs). In London, the HPA’s flu response moved swiftly from four in-house emergency operations centres to a fully functional multiagency response centre in rented office space, working with a new database, IT and telephone systems to provide a regional response. Surge capacity was sought from the National Health Service (NHS) and other agencies. The London FRC transferred to NHS leadership supported by the existing management team to assist the NHS in London prior to the opening of the National Pandemic Flu Service. Structured debriefs were undertaken, identifying lessons for future evolving incidents. This paper gives an overview of the activation, resilience and decommissioning of the London FRC, incorporating the lessons identified and key recommendations into a toolkit for future emergency evolving incidents that adopt a regional response centre model.
Leveraging decision-making AI within marketing operations transformation
Authors: Leary Patrick C. , Misischia Michael
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) digital marketing assists marketing executives in the analysis of targeted audiences and personalising service offerings to customers. The use of data metrics and advanced predictive analytics helps to build efficiently a holistic understanding of targeted customer leads as well as aiding businesses, regardless of size, to run successful digital campaigns focused on targeted audience groups. This paper explores the foundation of targeted AI approaches and areas of potential integration. There is ever-increased opportunity to improve upon digital marketing transformation, being mindful of tailoring an overall strategic approach to speak to business and stakeholder needs as well as in how best to syndicate with multiple discipline teams.
Measuring taxi-out time improvements: A Six-Sigma approach in the case of Charlotte Douglas International Airport
Authors: Diana Tony
Published: July 2024

This paper compares two samples of taxi-out times in the case of Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) and uses Six-Sigma principles and methods to evaluate changes in taxi-out capability. Despite higher delays owing to weather and volume, the analysis showed that process capability increased in the March to May 2017 sample compared with the March to May 2014 period, which translated into a 15.4 per cent reduction in out-of-specification taxi-out times.
The influence of the relationship life cycle on business-to-business social media: Theory and practice
Authors: Jarrett Loran , Varki Sajeev
Published: July 2024

Business-to-business (B2B) firms are increasingly using social media platforms to engage with their customers as they seek to maintain and grow their relationships with customers. This study examined the social media communication objectives of B2B firms at the exploration, expansion and maturity phases of the relationship life cycle. Social media experts were interviewed regarding social media efforts and objectives. The objectives observed in practice were contrasted with theoretical recommendations of appropriate objectives at corresponding phases of the relationship. Several gaps between practice and theory were identified. Further research is necessary to better understand those social media communications objectives deemed important in practice but for which there is little theoretical support.
Dos and don’ts of immediate payment implementation: The Hungarian story
Authors: Kiszely Róbert , Czimer Jozsef
Published: July 2024

The launch of the Faster Payments System in 2008 in the United Kingdom was the start of the modern era of immediate payments services. More than 50 countries have joined the UK since, and instant payment services have become to be the norm in the payment industry. The number of countries is growing from month to month, and the emphasis is already being placed not merely on the implementation of new systems but, even more, on reaching interconnectivity among systems and offering instant payments across the borders too. Hungary has always been an innovative country, and tourists had the option of paying with bank cards, for example, as early as in 1961. It is not surprising, therefore, that the National Bank of Hungary made a bold decision to implement immediate payment services in the country. In just over three years a unique system was launched that offered immediate payments services in Hungarian Forints. This paper offers comments on the project based on a review of the implementation period.
A quantitative model to articulate the banking risk appetite framework
Authors: Baldan Cinzia , Geretto Enrico , Zen Francesco
Published: July 2024

The present work aims at implementing a quantitative model to articulate the banking risk appetite framework (RAF). The research hopes to achieve two main objectives: (1) to build up the risk appetite statement (RAS) as a static ‘picture’ of the banks’ risk profile; and (2) to develop a quantitative approach with which to implement the RAF. First, the authors calculated eight indicators describing the consumption of the banks’ capital by the three risks stated in Pillar I of the Basel II accord. They then assumed that the variables would follow a standardised Student’s t-distribution; they found the 99th and the 95th percentile of the distribution as the risk tolerance (RT) and risk limit (RL) levels, respectively. The authors attained the second objective by analysing the variables defined in the first step with a multiple linear regression (OLS). The main outcomes confirm that the model allows for the generalising of the relation among risks, in terms of capital consumption. The work contributes by enlarging the academic literature about banking risk management; it also contributes by tackling the shortage of regulatory rules. Moreover it offers external analysts and regulators a standardised technical instrument with which to analyse the banks’ risk appetite profiles.
A time-series modelling approach for airport short-term demand forecasting
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed , Guzhva Vitaly S.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a time-series modelling approach for airport short-term demand forecasting. The model assesses how various external factors such as seasonality, fuel price, airline strategies, incidents and financial conditions affect airport activity levels. The quarterly percentile demand change is used to represent airport activity. The modelling approach recommends disaggregating total demand into its local and connecting components due to differences in how local and connecting traffic respond to changes in different factors. The modelling framework is illustrated using the local traffic at Philadelphia International airport as a case study and validated for the largest 100 airports in the domestic US markets. The validation results show that the demand can be predicted with acceptable accuracy even with a simple time-series model.
Is environmental sustainability training fundamental to healthcare leadership? State of the art with health students and health leaders
Authors: Sarfati Marine , Lefébure Alessia , Harpet Cyrille , Baurès Estelle , Marrauld Laurie
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the relevance of climate change and environmental learning in health professional training. Recent publications have shown the importance of understanding sustainability and environmental issues in healthcare management. Indeed, after years of underestimation, medical and public health professionals today acknowledge that the environment has a strong effect on human health. Conducted between April and June 2021, a quantitative study among 3,384 French medical and health students shows that the need for training on energy and climate issues is urgent and crucial. The findings are consistent with the international literature. The contrast is sharp between students’ expectations about environmental skills and the reality of the available course offer. Learning about energy, climate and environment is currently not a priority in the curriculum of healthcare professionals, including managers. Sustainability, however, clearly appears as a ‘must’ among the essentials in healthcare leadership. What these findings suggest is that healthcare managers can no longer afford to ignore environmental sustainability as an essential skills domain in their long-term capacity to contribute to the necessary healthcare environmental adaptation, mitigation and resilience.
Cyber security talks: A content analysis of online discussions on ransomware
Authors: Riglietti Gianluca
Published: July 2024

In recent years, an increasing number of businesses and private users have been confronted with ransomware. Cybercriminals are realising the profitability of this type of attack, as many victims tend to give in to the fear of losing all of their data and end up paying the ransom. This is often due to the fact that they do not have a back-up of their data, leaving the only existent copy in the hands of malicious actors. While companies and government agencies have been publishing reports about this type of malware, there is a significant body of knowledge available through public information security forums, where experts tend to share their experiences and expertise. These web discussions often provide details and in-depth advice that respondents might refuse to share in surveys or face-to-face interviews. Adopting a content analysis approach, this paper aims to gather information on how ransomware works and how to prepare for it, through a scrutiny of experts’ opinions expressed on some of the most popular cyber security platforms. This study demonstrates that content analysis can play an essential role in better understanding rising challenges in information security, delving into wide amounts of open-source knowledge.
Going viral: Using Tumblr for special collections advocacy and outreach
Authors: Kativa Hillary S. , Orzechowski Victoria
Published: July 2024

Among the myriad social media tools in use at special collections institutions, Tumblr has emerged over the past several years as a dominant platform rich with collections-based content from an ever-expanding community of archives and libraries. What makes Tumblr a unique resource for special collections outreach and why should such institutions add Tumblr to their social media repertoire? This paper details how the Othmer Library of Chemical History, a small research library in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, uses Tumblr to enhance the visibility of its collections and promote itself both to external audiences and within its parent organisation. First, the authors outline the initial steps taken by the Othmer Library to create and subsequently manage its Tumblr blog, Othmeralia (othmeralia.tumblr.com). This paper also provides a more in-depth discussion of practical tips and techniques for developing a successful Tumblr blog. The paper concludes with a summary of quantitative and qualitative strategies for measuring the effectiveness of social media outreach at special collections institutions.
Organisations find improving supply chain maturity leads to sustainable growth
Authors: Clothier Rex
Published: July 2024

Optimising value is critical to the ability of an organisation to exist and grow, and the supply chain is critical to this success. Yet often the effectiveness of the supply chain is overlooked and opportunities for improvement to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA), cash and growth remain hidden. Continuous maturing of the supply chain can transform it into a competitive weapon for driving continuous improvement in EBITDA, cash release and growth. This effort begins with understanding existing performance and managing the complexity of the many demands, and big data/analytics plays a major role in providing detailed insights. In addition, mature supply chains are marked by cross-functional team interaction and focused governance of ongoing performance; the supplier community must also be fully engaged and seen as a key asset that must be actively managed. Ultimately a higher level of maturity is vital to achieving sustainable improvements. Finding ways to accelerate advancement in maturity is one of the most powerful ways to transform the supply chain into a competitive weapon.
The EN 15907 moving image metadata schema standard and its role in a digital asset management infrastructure
Authors: Ross Thelma , Balzer Detlev , Mcconnachie Stephen
Published: July 2024

This paper describes a metadata schema standard for moving images created to service those in the cultural heritage field. It details the rationale behind a standardisation effort driven by an international community of moving image archives and the benefits of using EN 15907 to manage moving image media assets. A case study from the British Film Institute describes the process of creating a consolidated repository, with their EN 15907-structured database acting as the metadata store and a digital asset management system to manage storage, transcode, delivery, etc of the moving image media assets.
Ensuring IT service continuity in the face of increasing threats
Authors: Nair Vishwanath
Published: July 2024

How is IT service continuity related to business continuity management? Is it just a glorified disaster recovery procedure? Will IT service continuity help increase the assurance of IT services from the business owner to the customer? This paper is an attempt at answering these and many such questions. It is presented as a case study of IT service continuity management implementation at Emirates Group IT, Dubai. It takes the reader through the need for the process as felt by the business, through the learning acquired during implementation, to the practices deployed for managing the process on an ongoing basis. It provides a detailed view of the kind of pitfalls that could be encountered during implementation of the IT service continuity management process in a large-scale enterprise.
Healthy choices: GSK’s internal and external partnering strategies for growth in Asia
Authors: Rogers Paul , Burns Caroline , Cupper Jacqueline K. , Monkman Dominic
Published: July 2024

The practice of outsourcing various corporate real estate functions has become commonplace within multinationals, and during the past decade various models have evolved to become increasingly sophisticated. GSK drew on a culture of partnering within the core business to build a real estate team in APAC from the ground up through partnering. This paper explores the process of developing GSK’s ‘thin client’ model in Asia, the benefits identified (three pillars) and associated performance targets. Aspects of the model are illustrated through a services standardisation project case study. Three core themes emerged during implementation: achieving alignment on goals; developing Asia-based talent and capability; and understanding what ‘good’ looks like. The benefits, challenges and key learnings from the ‘thin client’ model are explored for each of these three themes. The contextual challenges faced by the GSK real estate team in Asia, which gave rise to the partnering model, are common to many global organisations with operations across the region. The success of the model requires focus on three core themes, which may provide useful insights to CRE practitioners leading similar partnering initiatives. The paper illustrates a holistic approach to building a corporate real estate team in Asia through a strategic, multi-dimensional approach to partnering. It presents a qualitative assessment of the real estate partnering model within GSK. At the time of publication it has not been qualified through external or alternate methods of examination.
Delivering inclusive workplace experiences to support corporate strategy
Authors: Payongayong Ed , Sauvageau Kim
Published: July 2024

Although diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) has been a long-term priority for Shell, more recently its Executive Committee has set a goal to become one of the most diverse and inclusive companies in the world — not only because it is the right thing to do, but also because it will help Shell better serve its customers, find innovative solutions to difficult challenges and ultimately make it a stronger company. In this paper, we learn the journey of how Shell Real Estate is rising to the challenge by ensuring its workplaces are leading examples of DE&I for current and future staff and visitors. Although Shell is still continuing its journey and looking for ways to further improve the workplace, this paper reflects where it has reached so far and what lessons can be drawn. The paper can serve as inspiration to others wishing to deliver on their own corporate DE&I goals.
A flight to quality? Why content marketing strategy must evolve
Authors: Dolezal Joanne
Published: July 2024

Content marketing has become an integral strategy for brands to reach, convince and convert customers with self-published content. As more brands adopt content marketing tactics they face major challenges: information density, changes in social media that impact content reach and pressure to generate more leads. Some have raised questions concerning the longevity of content marketing as the return on time invested (ROTI) decreases and whether to focus on quantity or quality. Research into content performance by Buzzfeed in 2018 suggested that quality may outperform quantity for some online publishers. The author then outlines six tactics to improve empathy, customer insight, search engine optimisation (SEO), targeting, content planning and distribution.
Developing effective programmes to protect modern corporate supply chains against human trafficking and slavery
Authors: Carpenter Sarah
Published: July 2024

Human trafficking and slavery requirements are expanding across the globe. Many companies have yet to begin performing due diligence in their supply chains and acquiring the data they need to publish effective, meaningful stories of how their work protects their operations from modern slavery. Although many enterprise companies have leveraged best practices to deploy policies and procedures throughout their supply chains, mid-market companies often lack the resources to evaluate their own operations in the same way. This makes it difficult to provide their clients with accurate information. Solutions and best practices are emerging to help companies perform due diligence cost-effectively and efficiently. The Slavery and Trafficking Risk Template (STRT) is one such tool. It helps companies acquire streamlined data from the supply chain in a simple spreadsheet-based format, while operational best practices can be leveraged to build a comprehensive due diligence programme. Companies that provide their suppliers with compliance training and support are in a better position to create a proactive, cooperative relationship in which both organisations work together to keep their operations free of human rights violations. Data automation can allow companies that lack the resources to implement comprehensive internal programmes to mitigate risk as well as, or better than, any internally-developed solution. Supply chain data management service providers can enhance programmes, provide regulatory expertise and deliver workflow automation, allowing mid-market companies to acquire data as effectively as an enterprise, while enterprises have the opportunity to save millions on operational expenses.
Managing risk in a creepy world
Authors: Sornette Didier , Cauwels Peter
Published: July 2024

Using the mechanics of creep in material sciences as a metaphor, this paper presents a general framework to understand the evolution of financial, economic and social systems and to outline visions for the future. Highly non-linear out-of-equilibrium open systems tend to exhibit long phases of slow apparent stable evolution, which are nothing but slow maturations towards instabilities, failures and changes of regimes. This framework emphasises the endogenous nature of the system's organisation towards crises, in which exogenous perturbations may just act as triggers when the system is ripe, if at all. With examples from history where a small event has had a cataclysmic consequence, this paper proposes a novel view of the current state of the world, avoiding the traps of an illusionary stability and simple linear extrapolation. It is explained how self-organised cooperative structures may catalyse macroscopic emerging structures that are resilient to stressors. The key insight is that non-linear processes, like creep, not only explain disintegration and collapse, but that they also are fundamental mechanisms that lead to structure and growth. In the end, global, systemic and multifaceted problems are likely to come to convergence in the following decades. But creativity, discoveries, success, value generation, and life will end up thriving somewhere in the available landscape, not at all uniformly and equally, but thrive nevertheless. The paper ends by explaining what risk managers at financial institutions, central banks, financial regulators, service providers and advisers as well as researchers should do in order to mitigate the risks to their firms and establishments.
The UK Banking Standards Board: An outcome-based approach to assessing organisational culture
Authors: Cottrell Alison
Published: July 2024

The Banking Standards Board (BSB) is undertaking a new approach within the UK banking sector to help firms understand and manage their culture, providing boards with objective evidence, support and challenge on issues relating to culture, behaviour and competence, and facilitating cross-firm working to identify good practice. It sets out to measure not culture per se (which will differ across firms), but rather the outcomes generated by that culture. The results allow firms to gauge where they are performing well and where progress needs to be made, and to see this across different parts of their organisation, contrasting against their peers and over time.
Compliance meets human resources: Monitoring competence and integrity
Authors: Connell Matthew
Published: July 2024

The financial crisis has created a new interest among regulators in the individual responsibilities of senior managers of financial institutions. In the UK, this has led to the creation of a new senior management regime for banks and insurance companies in which managers can face individual sanctions, including fines, if they have not taken reasonable steps to prevent regulatory breaches. This has led in turn to an interest in using human resources (HR) documentation and techniques to further compliance. It is unlikely, however, that firms will use HR documentation such as appraisals as the basis of compliance monitoring and sanctions against individuals. This is partly because of privacy rules and other legal safeguards for individuals, and partly because such monitoring can lead to a culture of fear and suspicion that encourages secretive behaviour. Instead, firms are more likely to support senior management responsibility through the more positive use of HR techniques, including: ●● creating clear lines of individual accountability; ●● testing these lines through the use of regulatory case studies and root cause analysis; ●● reinforcing these responsibilities through established appraisal processes; ●● promoting better culture through better incentives, enhanced corporate governance, and the use of more sophisticated approaches to analysing and understanding behaviour within organisations and ●● promoting a greater capacity for compliant and ethical behaviour through a recruitment policy that is more focused on diversity and social sensitivity within the workforce.
Being a brand ally to Hispanic (Latine, Latinx, Latin@) consumers
Authors: Filippelli Marina
Published: July 2024

This paper outlines reasons why brands should focus on becoming better allies to Latine consumers. It argues that whatever term is used to describe this growing demographic, its importance from both a cultural and purchasing power standpoint cannot be dismissed any longer. One in five Americans is Latine, and by 2023 the buying power of the US Latine population is expected to exceed USD$1.9 trillion. Now is the time for marketers to find ways to build real connections with Hispanic consumers. Towards this end, best practices are proposed to demonstrate allyship, highlighting non-traditional areas where brands can lend support, such as around generational wealth and mental health. Brief case studies of successful allyship are also provided.
Central bank digital currency challenges: The case of Greece
Authors: Arakelian Veni
Published: July 2024

As a result of demand for faster, less expensive payments and profound transformation within the payments system, central banks and nonbank entities are vying for a greater role in facilitating payments. In this respect, there is clear evidence that central bank digital currency will play a crucial role. This paper examines select characteristics of central bank digital currency through the lens of the Greek experience.
Creating a risk appetite framework for insurance decision-making
Authors: Ziewer Lukas , Bice Anthony
Published: July 2024

European insurance companies have made enormous strides in risk management technology in recent years, and many companies are now much better equipped to monitor, measure and manage the risks associated with the insurance coverages and guarantees they provide. However, most insurance companies are much less sophisticated in analysing the broad parameters of the enterprise risks they are confronting. Many companies are not easily able to assess the risk-return equation they face in existing businesses or in businesses they might like to enter. Companies can develop and implement a risk appetite framework that will help assess the risks as well as the potential rewards that proposed lines of business seem to offer. This tool can provide enormous value in analysing existing activities and informing the process of identifying growth opportunities.
#ThinkAgain: How regulator guidance can impact social media marketing
Authors: Chernaik Tom , Ford Sam
Published: July 2024

Social media have changed the ways in which brands engage with their audiences as well as employees, partners and advocates. But these new communication channels bring their own challenges for companies, such as the need to be transparent and ethical with communications, as well as to provide proper disclosure and comply with governmental regulator guidelines. This paper outlines the state of guidance from key governing bodies in the USA (namely, the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Food and Drug Administration). It also discusses the ethical issues involved with new disclosure considerations surrounding native advertising and content marketing practices, as well as with word-of-mouth marketing; the key considerations regarding compliance with guidelines across new platforms, tools and devices; and practical guidance on how to communicate properly via new channels.
Developing Native American small business strategy through experiential learning
Authors: Otjen Agnes J.
Published: July 2024

Native American communities are struggling with unemployment and depressed economies. Reasons include a lack of business knowledge, education and cultural desire. And yet, in the history of the American West, Native Americans were considered the best traders and negotiators for everything from furs to weapons to buffalo. To improve this situation, efforts have been made to reintroduce that heritage to today’s and tomorrow’s generation of tribal members. Professors at the College of Business Montana State University-Billings (MSUB) teach tribal students in Montana to create business plans. The method of teaching and advising is uniquely successful as the students’ plans have won the American Indian Business Leaders small business competition five times. This paper reviews the environment and the method of learning at MSUB. It discusses the five plans that achieved national recognition, as well as the problems and solutions discovered in the process of achieving results. Students who participated in this endeavour have graduated and become certified public accountants, MBAs, and gainfully employed in their chosen professions. They have also worked to improve the economies of their native lands and homes. By educating members of these communities about business strategy and plan development, they can make a greater contribution to impact their own economies.
The Bidimensional Identity Measure (BIM): A new scale to measure multigroup ethnic and American identity in the USA
Authors: Beniflah Jake , Lusinchi Dominic , Chatterjee Sharmila C. , Carrasco Mario X.
Published: July 2024

The growth of the US multicultural, multiracial and multi-ethnic population is changing the demographic landscape in historic proportions. This study argues that the construct of identity has not kept up with the changing demography, and a new conceptualisation and measurement are needed. The study proposes that multigroup identity must be measured bidimensionally to account for the increasing diversity of the US population. In this study, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure — Revised (MEIM-R) and American Identity Measure (AIM) scales are adapted to create the Bidimensional Identity Measure (BIM), measuring dual identity across a nationally representative sample (n = 1,250) of US Hispanic, African American, Asian American and (non-Hispanic) white consumers. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, the new scale has face validity and high reliability for the proposed 18-item bidimensional identity scale (BIM), comprised of two subscales, AIM (12 items) and MEIM-R (six items). The new form of conceptualisation and measurement of multigroup ethnic and American identity will help leading corporations better understand the multidimensionality of the multicultural consumer, and be more effective in developing targeted marketing strategies in a highly diverse 21st-century America.
Are business rates fit for purpose?
Authors: Schurder Jerry
Published: July 2024

This paper is a précis of a paper presented to the RICS Rating Conference on 28th November, 2013. During this speech (and hence in this paper), the business rates system was reviewed, with specific reference to whether the current approach is fit for purpose and the changes that could be adopted to create a better business rates system. The paper outlines a number of issues associated with business rates as they currently stand, and proposes solutions to these problems that would enhance fairness while reducing administration and lowering costs for all parties. The paper also briefly analyses the announcements made regarding business rates as part of the recent Autumn Statement.
‘Mobile First’ will become ‘API First’ — PSD2: Changing banking as we know it
Authors: van de Venn Peter-Jan
Published: July 2024

Under PSD2 (the European Commission’s revised Directive on Payment Services), banks are required to open up access to account data to third parties at the request of customers. Additionally, the related GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) requires banks to ensure the portability of their customer data. As PSD2 presents an entirely new legal structure for payments across the EU, its impact will be overwhelming. As we move towards open application programming interface (API) banking, PSD2 is expected to be a catalyst for unprecedented customer-oriented change: banks and FinTechs should leverage PSD2 opportunities and amend their operating, business and revenue models. In response to PSD2, banks face existential choices: to become mere ‘bare-bones’ utility providers or the ‘orchestrating hubs’ to facilitate customers, services, providers and payments. There will be new alliances with FinTechs to benefit from each other’s strengths and respond to changing customer demands in a unified European market. Market players that have the greatest control over their capital, customer touch-points and corporate agility will be successful.
From social media to innovation and marketing intelligence: A simulation to forecast online review and rating performance
Authors: Wang Shu
Published: July 2024

Brands need to leverage the enormous volumes of feedback that consumers leave on social media. Existing methods for understanding free-text based consumer feedback data (eg online reviews) are predominantly qualitative (eg sentiment analysis). Qualitative approaches, however, cannot provide quantitative predictions of a potential rating increase following a product improvement. This paper will describe a novel method that converts reviews and ratings into statistical data that can be used to forecast rating performance. This is achieved by assigning quantitative values of importance to the various features of a given product based on each feature’s percentage contribution to the product rating. With such information, marketing and innovation teams can optimise their investment decisions to address consumer needs accurately and therefore maximise return on investment.
Lease audit: Optimising occupancy expense savings
Authors: Ravel Debbie
Published: July 2024

This paper provides strategies and techniques for occupiers to capitalise on lease language to minimise occupancy expenses. Identifying ways to reduce occupancy related expenses may significantly benefit organisations’ bottom line. Establishing a ‘right fit’ occupancy cost lease compliance programme is a prudent component of managing a real estate portfolio. The paper discusses techniques in reviewing and verifying that some of the more frequent occupancy expenses have been billed in accordance with the lease. It includes a detailed review of the many facets involved in the calculation of occupancy expenses payable by an occupier, and the ways to validate the accuracy of the expense billing. The paper includes the review of additional lease provisions which if not complied with may result in reduced rent and additional beneficial remedies available for the occupier.
Shared services: A case for capital market utilities
Authors: Manan Shah
Published: July 2024

Global instability, increasing regulatory demands and plummeting revenues have left many market participants worried. Having exhausted all the traditional means to reduce costs and improve efficiency, financial institutions pursue non-traditional methods. This paper analyses how utilities are assuming greater prominence in order to mutualise risks and costs and achieve acceptable return on equity in a capital-constrained environment, while remaining compliant with ever-changing regulatory requirements, utilities are assuming greater prominence.
Making SESAR a performing operational reality
Authors: Warinsko Nicolas
Published: July 2024

This paper gives a condensed but complete overview of the status of air traffic management (ATM) modernisation in Europe. The modernisation of Europe’s ATM networks is crucial for the sustainability of European aviation and the forecasted increase in air traffic by 2035. The Single European Sky2 ATM research project SESAR, launched by the European Union, reforms the architecture of European ATM. It proposes a legislative approach to meet future capacity and safety needs at a European rather than local level. The objectives set up different phases, and the challenges faced are described. Key facts and figures and some examples bring an insight on the actual status of SESAR deployment and how this is being financed. The deployment of SESAR, under the coordination of the SESAR Deployment Manager, is driven by its stakeholders in the aviation industry and their efforts and investments, supported by European funds.
A paradigm shift in the board room: Incorporating sustainability into corporate governance and strategic decision-making using big data and artificial intelligence
Authors: Antoncic Madelyn
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the author discusses the need to elevate sustainability to the scrutiny of the Board. Coronavirus disease-2019 and the lessons learned must nudge corporations to think and act more holistically about sustainability and incorporate sustainability into the fabric of the organisation. Each Board Committee must do its part in ensuring the company adopts a robust framework around sustainability. Equally important to reporting on sustainability issues and measuring and managing sustainability risk, is measuring and analysing a company’s sustainability ‘reputational footprint’. Key Board Committees all need to understand the impact global macro systemic risks can have on the company and the impact the company can have on externalities which can affect its sustainability ‘reputational footprint’. Boards need to ensure that every strategic decision is made through a sustainability lens. Not only will this enhance its societal impact but can be a key driver of performance. A strategic focus on sustainability at the Board level can be a source of competitive advantage. Boards need to measure and understand their sustainability ‘reputational footprint’ and benchmark themselves against their peers. Using big data and artificial intelligence, a corporate Board could integrate sustainability data into its business model and strategic decisions to give it a competitive advantage vs its peers. Boards need to have sufficient fluency in the latest sustainability technology to apply advanced statistical, data-driven information to optimise their sustainability ‘reputational footprint,’ which lowers their cost of capital and improves other financial metrics.
A strategic approach to cyber security risk reduction for FX in the cloud using people, processes and technology
Authors: Lee-Browne Rupert
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the need for a holistic approach to organisational cyber security. It looks to compare and contrast the benefits of a remote cloud-based strategy versus an in-house self-managed solution. The paper identifies the different threats and levels of risk that organisations and their customers face on a daily basis. In addition, the paper addresses several individual elements that need taking into consideration when developing a company-wide cyber security strategy, including education, training and processes, as well as developing a top-down company culture where best practice in security is a shared organisational goal.
FBI v. Apple and beyond: Encryption in the Canadian Law of Digital Search and Seizure
Authors: Chan Gerald , Aylward Stephen
Published: July 2024

The stakes have never been higher in the arms race among tech companies, hackers and law enforcement. Tech companies are continually developing measures to enhance the digital security of their users. Hackers and law enforcement agencies, while working toward very different objectives, are themselves developing new techniques to circumvent this encryption in order to access the treasure trove of information contained in digital devices and communications services. In the USA, the fight between the FBI and Apple over the encryption of iPhones has become a flashpoint for this controversy. Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple Inc., has attracted headlines with his highly publicised challenge to court orders obtained by the FBI compelling Apple to assist in unlocking iPhones. This paper examines the implications of the FBI v. Apple dispute in the Canadian context. The authors set out the legal and policy context of the FBI v. Apple debate before exploring the legal dimensions of encryption in Canada. The authors show that the state of Canadian law is unsatisfactory. Clearer safeguards are needed to protect third parties from unduly burdensome law enforcement requests and to protect the privacy of the end users of digital devices and services.
The silent assassin: Business demand changes following disaster
Authors: Sampson Kaylene , Hatton Tracy , Brown Charlotte
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the impact of business demand changes on organisational recovery within the post-disaster context. Drawing on data gathered from organisations five years after the Canterbury 2010/11 earthquakes, the paper details a number of patterns of demand for goods and services and the subsequent ability of organisations to meet such demand. It is argued that business continuity planners should not underestimate the effects of interrupted demand chains as part of risk mapping. Proactive movement towards resilience thinking, that specifically includes engagement with the management of demand, will potentially lead to better organisational recovery outcomes.