bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Analysis of Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Transferred for Primary Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: Dauerman Harold L. , Bates Eric R. , Kontos Michael C. , Li Shuang , Garvey J. Lee , Henry Timothy D. , Manoukian Steven V. , Roe Matthew T.
Published: April 2015

Background—

Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend transfer and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients within the time limit of first contact to device ≤120 minutes. We determined the hospital-level, patient-level, and process characteristics of timely versus delayed primary PCI for a diverse national sample of transfer patients confined to a travel distance that facilitates the process.

Methods and Results—

We studied 14 518 patients transferred from non–PCI-capable hospitals for primary PCI to 398 National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With The Guidelines hospitals between July 2008 and December 2012. Patients with estimated transfer times >60 minutes (by Google Maps driving times) were excluded from the analysis. Patients achieving first door-to-device time ≤120 minutes were compared with patients with delayed treatment; independent predictors of timely treatment were determined using generalized estimating equations logistic regression models. The median estimated transfer distance was 26.5 miles. First door-to-device ≤120 minutes was achieved in 65% of patients (n=9380); only 37% of the hospitals were high-performing hospitals (defined as risk-adjusted rate, ≥75% of transfer STEMI patients with ≤120-minute first door-to-device time). In addition to known predictors of delay (cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and prolonged door-in door-out time), STEMI referral hospitals’ rural location and longer estimated transfer time were identified as predictors of delay. In this diverse national sample, regional and racial variations in care were observed. Finally, lower PCI hospital annual STEMI volume was a potent predictor of delay.

Conclusions—

More than one third of US STEMI patients transferred for primary PCI fail to achieve first door-to-device time ≤120 minutes, despite estimated transfer times <60 minutes. Delays are related to process variables, comorbidities, and lower annual PCI hospital STEMI volumes.
Phalangopsidae crickets from Tropical Africa (Orthoptera, Grylloidea), with descriptions of new taxa and an identification key for African genera
Authors: DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS LAURE
Published: April 2015

New Phalangopsidae crickets are described from tropical Africa, including three new genera and ten new species: Afrophaloria Desutter-Grandcolas, n.gen., Afrophaloria amani Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., type species, Afrophaloria apiariensis Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Afrophaloria hempae Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Kameruloria gabonensis Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Kameruloria nigricornis Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Kameruloria trimaculata Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Paragryllodes amani Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Phasmagryllus Desutter-Grandcolas, n.gen., Phasmagryllus elegans Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., type species, Upupagryllus Desutter-Grandcolas, n.gen., Upupagryllus subalatus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., type species, and Upupagryllus alatus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. All these taxa, except Paragryllodes amani Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., belong to the subfamily Phaloriinae. The subfamily is redefined, to take into account their morphological (apterous taxa) and ecological (straminicolous taxa) diversity. A key for phalangopsid African genera is proposed, and the status of Larandeicus Chopard, 1937 briefly discussed.
Description of free-living marine nematodes found in the intestine of fishes from the Brazilian coast
Authors: ABOLAFIA JOAQUÍN , RUIZ-CUENCA ALBA N. , FERNANDES BERENICE M. M. , COHEN SIMONE C. , CÁRDENAS MELISSA Q.
Published: April 2015

The marine nematodes usually comprise free-living species, although a few are parasitic. However, several cases of free-living nematodes found accidentally in the digestive tract of certain vertebrates, especially fishes, have sometimes been recorded and categorized as pseudoparasites. In the present work, two species of marine fishes, the rhomboid crappie, Diapterus rhombeus, and the silvered crappie, Eucinostomus argenteus (Perciformes: Gerreidae), from Angra dos Reis on the coast of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) were examined. Seven species of free-living marine nematodes were found in the digestive tract of these fish. Several of these species remain unknown as free-living forms in Brazil. The combination of the fish feeding strategies and the poor preservation of the body of the nematode specimens found could indicate that these nematodes are pseudoparasites, appearing in the fishes’ digestive tracts through accidental ingestion and thereafter surviving for brief periods of time. Descriptions, illustrations and tables of measurements are provided for all species. Six of these species (Croconema torquens, Dorylaimopsis pellucida, Oncholaimellus labiatus, Parodontophora breviamphida, Prooncholaimus ornatus, Trissonchulus latus) have been reported for the first time from the Brazilian coast.
Description of three new species of Labena Cresson from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Labeninae), with notes on tropical species richness
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-MORENO ALEJANDRA , BORDERA SANTIAGO , SÄÄKSJÄRVI ILARI EERIKKI
Published: April 2015

Three new species of Labena Cresson (Ichneumonidae, Labeninae); L. littoralis sp. nov., L. tekalina sp. nov. and L. madoricola sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Material was collected with Malaise traps in 2008 and 2009 in the Biosphere Reserve Ria Lagartos (Mexico). Diagnostic characters to distinguish them from all other New World species of the genus are provided. In addition, the tropical species richness of the genus is shortly discussed.
Seasonal Variation of the Pacific South Equatorial Current Bifurcation
Authors: Chen Zhaohui , Wu Lixin
Published: April 2015

The seasonal variation of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) bifurcation off the Australian coast in the South Pacific (SP) is investigated with observations and a nonlinear, reduced-gravity, primitive equation model of the upper ocean. The mean SEC bifurcation latitude (SBL) integrated over the upper thermocline is around 17.5°S, almost 2° south of the position predicted by Sverdrup theory. For its seasonal variation, the SBL reaches its southernmost position in June/July and its northernmost position in November/December. The south–north migration of 2.7° is twice as large as its counterpart in the North Pacific. It is found that the large seasonal amplitude of the SBL results from the combined effect of Low-Lat-SP and Non-Low-Lat-SP processes. The Low-Lat-SP process (referred to as the Rossby wave dynamics forced by the wind stress curl over the low-latitude SP) accounts for almost ⅔ of the SBL seasonal variability, and the Non-Low-Lat-SP processes account for ⅓. Both of these processes are responsible for its south–north migration but in different ways. The Low-Lat-SP wind forcing determines the offshore upper-layer thickness (ULT) via Rossby wave propagation, while the Non-Low-Lat-SP wind forcing determines the alongshore ULT via coastal Kelvin wave propagation. A simple bifurcation model is proposed under the framework of linear Rossby wave dynamics. It is found that the seasonal bifurcation latitude is predominantly determined by the spatial pattern of the wind and baroclinic Rossby wave propagation. This model explains the roles of local/remote wind forcing and baroclinic adjustment in the south–north migration and peak seasons of the bifurcation latitude.
Ideals as Anchors for Relationship Experiences
Authors: Frye Margaret , Trinitapoli Jenny
Published: April 2015

Research on young-adult sexuality in sub-Saharan Africa typically conceptualizes sex as an individual-level risk behavior. We introduce a new approach that connects the conditions surrounding the initiation of sex with subsequent relationship well-being, examines relationships as sequences of interdependent events, and indexes relationship experiences to individually held ideals. New card-sort data from southern Malawi capture young women’s relationship experiences and their ideals in a sequential framework. Using optimal matching, we measure the distance between ideal and experienced relationship sequences to (1) assess the associations between ideological congruence and perceived relationship well-being, (2) compare this ideal-based approach to other experience-based alternatives, and (3) identify individual- and couple-level correlates of congruence between ideals and experiences in the romantic realm. We show that congruence between ideals and experiences conveys relationship well-being along four dimensions: expressions of love and support, robust communication habits, perceived biological safety, and perceived relationship stability. We further show that congruence is patterned by socioeconomic status and supported by shared ideals within romantic dyads. We argue that conceiving of ideals as anchors for how sexual experiences are manifest advances current understandings of romantic relationships, and we suggest that this approach has applications for other domains of life.
Conducting qualitative research in mental health: Thematic and content analyses
Authors: Crowe Marie , Inder Maree , Porter Richard
Published: April 2015

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to describe two methods of qualitative analysis – thematic analysis and content analysis – and to examine their use in a mental health context.

Method:

A description of the processes of thematic analysis and content analysis is provided. These processes are then illustrated by conducting two analyses of the same qualitative data. Transcripts of qualitative interviews are analysed using each method to illustrate these processes.

Results:

The illustration of the processes highlights the different outcomes from the same set of data.

Conclusion:

Thematic and content analyses are qualitative methods that serve different research purposes. Thematic analysis provides an interpretation of participants’ meanings, while content analysis is a direct representation of participants’ responses. These methods provide two ways of understanding meanings and experiences and provide important knowledge in a mental health context.
Workers or Consumers? A Survey Experiment on the Duality of Citizens’ Interests in the Politics of Trade
Authors: Naoi Megumi , Kume Ikuo
Published: April 2015

What determines the attitude of citizens toward international trade in advanced industrialized nations? The question raises an intriguing paradox for low-income citizens in developed economies. Increasing imports pose the most severe threat to job security for low-income citizens, who, on the other hand, reap the greatest benefits from cheaper imports as consumers. This article considers the role of dual identities that citizens have as both income-earners and consumers, and investigates how attitudes toward trade differ depending on which aspect of respondents’ lives—that is, work versus consumption—is activated. The results of an originally designed survey experiment conducted in Japan during the recession suggest that the activation of a consumer perspective is associated with much higher support for free trade. In particular, those respondents who have lower levels of job security are the ones who, with consumer-priming, increase their support for foreign imports.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders for Nurses in Hospitals, Long-Term Care Facilities, and Home Health Care
Authors: Davis Kermit G. , Kotowski Susan E.
Published: April 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and reported injuries for nurses and nursing aides.

Background

Nurses and nursing aides suffer from work-related pain and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Although there have been a plethora of studies on MSDs, an overall understanding of the prevalence of MSDs and pain can lead to better prioritization of research needs with respect to the health care industry.

Method

A total of 132 articles on prevalence of MSD pain and injuries were included in the review. All articles were published in peer-reviewed English-speaking journals and subjected to a quality review.

Results

Reported prevalence of MSD pain for nurses and nursing aides was highest in the low back, followed by shoulders and neck. However, the majority of the studies have been concentrated on 12-month pain in the low back and predominantly in hospitals. Few researchers have investigated pain in the upper and lower extremities (less than 27% of the studies). Even fewer researchers have evaluated reported injuries or even subjective lost-time injuries (less than 15% of the studies).

Conclusion

MSD pain in the nursing profession has been widely investigated worldwide, with a major focus on low-back pain. Given new directions in health care, such as patients who live longer with more chronic diseases, bariatric patients, early mobility requirements, and those who want to be at home during sickness, higher prevalence levels may shift to different populations—home health care workers, long-term care workers, and physical therapists—as well as shift to different body regions, such as shoulders and upper extremities.
Assessing the Effects of a Community-Based College Preparation Program on the Academic Performance and Noncognitive Factors of Middle School Students
Authors: Aidman Barry , Malerba Catherine
Published: April 2015

This study examines the intermediate effects of a community-based college preparation program in a fast growth, high-needs exurban district in Texas. Participants and a matched group of nonparticipants were compared on a variety of academic and noncognitive measures. Findings indicate program participation is associated with higher scores on the state reading assessment and self-reported expectations of college graduation but do not fully explain the previously documented long-term impact of the program. Using a developmental systems perspective, the authors illustrate interactions between multiple ecological contexts and how this approach can be useful when investigating the efficacy of college preparation programs.
Cultural discourses in apartheid-era psychology, 1980–1994
Authors: Sher Daniel , Long Wahbie
Published: April 2015

Since the 1970s, “indigenous psychology” has blossomed into a global movement that seeks to tailor psychological knowledge and practices for use in other-than-western contexts. Prompted by the often apolitical presentation of indigenization imperatives in academic discourse, this article critically examines conceptualizations of “culture” in the South African Journal of Psychology and Psychology in Society between 1980 and 1994. In a discourse analysis of 48 journal articles, three cultural discourses are identified. Discourse 1 conceptualizes “culture” on the basis of an essentialist ontology and advocates a position of cultural relativism and Discourse 2 draws on a social constructionist ontology that advances an anti-essentialist position, while Discourse 3 relies on a neo-primordial ontology that favors a pluralist position. By identifying the discursive functions of these formations in relation to the broader South African political context, this article reveals striking parallels between psychological and political cultural discourses.
Host-directed short-term missions: Interviews with Japanese liaisons
Authors: Barber Ron
Published: April 2015

This article focuses on the viewpoint and activities of Japanese cultural liaisons who host short-term mission (STM) groups from the United States to Japan. The hosts’ description of their experiences in planning, financing, orienting, and ministering with STM groups shows a willingness of some Japanese to work with STM but also a frustration when their contributions in these areas are minimized by their STM guests. Based on my interviews with Japanese liaisons, I suggest that movement toward a host-directed approach to STM built upon listening to the hosts, thinking long-term, developing cultural awareness, and emphasizing relationships can promote a more missiologically responsible and effective partnership between STM guests and their hosts.
Minimizing crosscultural evangelism noise
Authors: Steffen Tom
Published: April 2015

How loud is unintentional noise in Western metanarrative evangelism models used in crosscultural contexts? This article seeks an answer to this question by exploring five metanarrative evangelism models in relation to innocence/guilt, honor/shame, and power/fear.
Myungdongchon: A people movement among diaspora Koreans in the early 20th century
Authors: Kim Hansung
Published: April 2015

This study looks at a people movement among diaspora Koreans in Manchuria in 1909. More specifically, the conversion of the Myungdongchon village (MDC village) is the focal point of this study. Some people from this village have played a significant role in various areas of public life, ranging from Christian ministry, literature, to film and art, and to the civil rights movement. Numerous studies have looked at the Myungdongchon village, utilizing biographical or historical approaches. Some studies have focused specifically on Korea’s modern history while others have studied MDC village in light of church history at large. But no study has undertaken to look at the phenomenon of the people movement in MDC village. This article unveils a small-scale people movement among diaspora Koreans in the early 20th century and discusses its missiological implications for today. A missiological understanding of the MDC people movement is important because it brings a new light to the study of people movements in Christianity and offers insights for diaspora ministry and a new missionary role in the 21st century.
The Parable of the Storm: Instruction and Demonstration in Mark 4:1–41
Authors: Milinovich Timothy
Published: April 2015

Many analyses of Mark 1–4 sharply separate the Parables discourse (4:1–34) from the Storm pericope (4:35–41) and consider the latter to begin a new phase in Jesus’ ministry (4:35–8:26). However, even scholars who make this distinction note a close link between the Parables and the Storm. In this article I use a narrative-critical approach to identify and engage thirteen lexical connections and how they develop for the implied audience through the narrative structure of 4:1–41. Overall, I seek to demonstrate that the Parables discourse and Storm pericope complement one another and follow the instruction-demonstration pattern evident in 1:21–28; 1:35–45; 2:1–12; 2:13–3:6. In each case, a miraculous demonstration follows an episode of Jesus instruction, the two are marked by a similar setting and lexical connections, and the latter miracle story develops the teaching of the kingdom and divine Sonship of Christ that were initially explained in the adjacent instruction. I will show how Mark 4:1–41 shares this structure and that analyzing the implied audience's reception of the narrative offers new developments of the Parables discourse, explains several obscurities in the Storm pericope, and further demonstrates the theological perspective and narrative line of thought in the text of Mark 1–4.
The Interruption of Patriarchal Calculation by the Unnamed Female Other in Mark 14:3–9
Authors: McLaughlin Ryan Patrick
Published: April 2015

In this article I examine the pericope of the unnamed woman who anoints Jesus in Mark 14:3–9 in an effort to reveal how the narrative interrupts the dominance of patriarchal calculation. Engaging critical methods, especially literary criticism, I draw out two central themes of Mark's Gospel: the difference of how people respond to Jesus (uncalculating awe versus calculating dismissal) and the nature of authority. These themes enable a reading of the unnamed woman's act that is meaningful for both feminist concerns and interreligious dialogue. It is meaningful for feminist concerns because the woman assumes the role of a paragon apostle by revealing the true heart of authority when she interrupts the calculation of men grasping for power. It is meaningful for interreligious dialogue because the woman is an outsider without name or title who both represents and expands the gospel and thereby opens a space for other outsiders without name and title.
Multilevel and Strategic Recruiting
Authors: Phillips Jean M. , Gully Stanley M.
Published: April 2015

Recruiting influences employees’ motivation, performance, and retention. Because an organization’s talent influences its capabilities, strategic execution, and competitive advantage, recruiting is a foundation of organizational performance. Strategic recruitment refers to recruitment practices that are connected across levels of analysis and aligned with the goals, strategies, context, and characteristics of the organization. It differs from traditional recruitment perspectives by explicitly connecting firm strategy and context to recruitment practices and activities within that firm. Strategic recruitment lies at the nexus of four important topics: resource-based theory, strategic human resource management, human capital, and levels of analysis. In this review, we first define strategic recruitment and explain its importance. Next, we briefly review why strategic recruitment is a critical yet underexplored area of research despite decades of research on strategic human resource management in general and recruitment in particular. Finally, we introduce a model that advances our understanding of strategic recruitment. We introduce two new concepts, horizontal strategic recruitment and vertical strategic recruitment, which connect to the ideas of horizontal and vertical alignment in the strategic human resource management literature but focus explicitly on the notion of strategic recruitment. This model highlights a variety of opportunities for future recruitment research relevant to resource-based theory, strategic human resource management, human capital, and levels of analysis.
Government by Advice
Authors: Ely Todd L.
Published: April 2015

Advisory ballot measures are a direct democracy tool that solicits voter opinions. Local election data from California are used to assess the practice and consider whether the advisory nature allows policymakers, as has been assumed, to treat the voting outcomes as nonbinding. In California, the advisory ballot measure is generally binding for elected officials while allowing limited discretion in compliance with voter preferences. Purposes include solicitation of policy guidance, directing the use of new revenues, and signaling public sentiment to higher-level governments. The results provide empirical insight into how governments respond to public participation in policy and management decisions.
Technologies of stage magic: Simulation and dissimulation
Authors: Smith Wally
Published: April 2015

The craft of stage magic is presented in this article as a site to study the interplay of people and technology. The focus is on conjuring in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a time when magicians eagerly appropriated new optical, mechanical and electrical technologies into their acts. Also at this time, a modern style of conjuring emerged, characterized by minimal apparatus and a natural manner of performance. Applying Lucy Suchman’s perspective of human-machine reconfigurations, conjuring in this modern style is interpreted as an early form of simulation, coupled with techniques of dissimulation. Magicians simulated the presence of supernational agency for public audiences, while dissimulating the underlying methods and mechanisms. Dissimulation implies that the secret inner workings of apparatus were not simply concealed but were rendered absent. This, in turn, obscured the production of supernatural effects in the translation of agencies within an assembly of performers, assistants, apparatus, apparatus-builders, and so on. How this was achieved is investigated through an analysis of key instructional texts written by and for magicians working in the modern style. Techniques of dissimulation are identified in the design of apparatus for three stage illusions, and in the new naturalness of the performer’s manner. To explore the significance of this picture of stage magic, and its reliance on techniques of dissimulation, a parallel is drawn between conjuring and recent performances of computerized life forms, especially those of social robotics. The paper concludes by considering what is revealed about the production of agency in stage magic’s peculiar human-machine assemblies.
The Use of the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory–II With Forensic Populations
Authors: Schamborg Sara , Tully Ruth J. , Browne Kevin D.
Published: April 2015

The State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory–II (STAXI-II) is a psychometric assessment that measures the experience, expression, and control of anger in research and clinical settings. Although the STAXI-II is extensively used and its psychometric properties supported, no psychometric critique has yet specifically assessed its utility with forensic populations. The aim of this critique was to explore the validity and reliability of the STAXI-II when used with forensic samples. It was found that the psychometric properties of the STAXI-II, when used with forensic populations, are satisfactory. However, gaps in research and issues that need to be addressed in practice have been highlighted. Although STAXI-II provides a comprehensive measure of anger, it does not capture all aspects of the construct. In addition, the tool does not contain an inherent validity scale, indicating the need to control for social desirability responding when administering the STAXI-II. Practical implications, limitations, and future research will be discussed.
Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation on poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cements with and without mineralized collagen incorporation
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Xu Suju , Qiu Zhiye , Liu Peng , Liu Huiying , Yu Xiang , Cui Fu-Zhai , Chunhua Zhao Robert
Published: April 2015

Poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement is widely used in vertebroplasty, joint replacement surgery, and other orthopaedic surgeries, while it also exposed many problems on mechanical property and biocompatibility. Better performance in mechanical match and bone integration is highly desirable. Recently, there reported that incorporation of mineralized collagen into poly(methyl methacrylate) showed positive results in mechanical property and osteointegration ability in vivo. In the present study, we focused on the comparison of osteogenic behavior between mineralized collagen incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Human marrow mesenchymal stem cells are used in this experiment. Adhesion and proliferation were used to characterize biocompatibility. Activity of alkaline phosphatase was used to assess the differentiation of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of osteoblast-related markers at messenger RNA level. The results show that osteogenic differentiation on mineralized collagen incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement is more than two times higher than that of poly(methyl methacrylate) after culturing for 21 days. Thus, important mechanism on mineralized collagen incorporation increasing the osteogenetic ability of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement may be understood in this concern.
High-acceleration and high-precision point-to-point motion control based on disturbance observer with improved Q-filter
Authors: Liu Chao , Wu Jianhua , Xiong Zhenhua
Published: April 2015

Under conditions of high acceleration, high-precision and fast positioning of point-to-point motions with short strokes is restricted by the internal and external disturbances occurring in the motion process. To address this issue, a disturbance observer-based control scheme is employed here to suppress the disturbances, which combines a feedforward controller and a feedback controller. Since the low-pass filter of disturbance observer (Q-filter) determines the disturbance suppression ability after the nominal model has been identified, the Q-filter design becomes the most important consideration in practical control. In this article, an improved Q-filter is proposed to further suppress the disturbances by canceling the resonance peak of the binomial filter. High-acceleration point-to-point motions are conducted on a linear-driving stage and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme is capable of achieving high-precision and fast positioning control. Since the improved Q-filter exhibits superior disturbance suppression ability, the positioning time with positioning error of 2 µm has been shortened from 13.1 to 11.4 ms.
Ethical aspects of a predictive test for Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Andersson Petra Lilja , Petersén Åsa , Graff Caroline , Edberg Anna-Karin
Published: April 2015

Background:

A predictive genetic test for Huntington’s disease can be used before any symptoms are apparent, but there is only sparse knowledge about the long-term consequences of a positive test result. Such knowledge is important in order to gain a deeper understanding of families’ experiences.

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to describe a young couple’s long-term experiences and the consequences of a predictive test for Huntington’s disease.

Research design:

A descriptive case study design was used with a longitudinal narrative life history approach.

Participants and research context:

The study was based on 18 interviews with a young couple, covering a period of 2.5 years; starting 6 months after the disclosure of the test results showing the woman to be a carrier of the gene causing Huntington’s disease.

Ethical considerations:

Even though the study was extremely sensitive, where potential harm constantly had to be balanced against the benefits, the couple had a strong wish to contribute to increased knowledge about people in their situation. The study was approved by the ethics committee.

Findings:

The results show that the long-term consequences were devastating for the family. This 3-year period was characterized by anxiety, repeated suicide attempts, financial difficulties and eventually divorce.

Discussion:

By offering a predictive test, the healthcare system has an ethical and moral responsibility. Once the test result is disclosed, the individual and the family cannot live without the knowledge it brings. Support is needed in a long-term perspective and should involve counselling concerning the families’ everyday life involving important decision-making, reorientation towards a new outlook of the future and the meaning of life.

Conclusion:

As health professionals, our ethical and moral responsibility thus embraces not only the phase in direct connection to the actual genetic test but also a commitment to provide support to help the family deal with the long-term consequences of the test.
Core professional nursing values of baccalaureate nursing students who are men
Authors: Schmidt Bonnie J
Published: April 2015

Background:

The perceptions of core professional nursing values of men in baccalaureate nursing programs are poorly understood.

Objective:

The study purpose was to understand and interpret the meaning of core professional nursing values to male baccalaureate nursing students.

Research design and context:

One-to-one interviews were conducted with male nursing students from a public university in the Midwest, following interpretive phenomenology.

Ethical considerations:

Measures to protect participants included obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, obtaining signed informed consent, and maintaining confidentiality.

Findings:

The study revealed five themes and several subthemes under an overarching finding of caring. Acquisition of professional nursing values began prior to the nursing program and continued to varying degrees throughout the program.

Discussion:

Several implications are offered for nursing education, nursing practice, research, and public policy. These include identification of common values, teaching-learning strategies, inclusive environments, teamwork, and conflict resolution.

Conclusion:

Caring was revealed using a metaphor of a puzzle.
Army Civilian Leadership Development
Authors: Godinez Eileen , Leslie Barry B.
Published: April 2015

The mission of the Army Management Staff College (AMSC) is to provide leader development educational experiences for Army civilians. To develop as leaders, students must recognize they have a choice to take action that influences their work environment. The authors suggest the learning environment at AMSC is intentionally designed to be paradoxical to the work environment in an effort to promote student leadership self-efficacy beliefs. Faculty use a facilitated student-centric approach to create a learning environment that promotes self-efficacy and learning transfer; however, other factors such as feedback, coaching, and peer and organizational support also affect learning transfer and should be considered in curriculum design and delivery.
Decision-Making Considerations for Mid-Career Army Officers to Pursue Master’s Degrees
Authors: Vance Charles D.
Published: April 2015

Understanding why military students pursue a master’s degree has become more important as the number of military students taking advantage of education benefits through the Post-911 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 has increased. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore how U.S. Army officers attending the Command and General Staff College (CGSC) decided to enroll in a master’s degree program. Four research questions guided the study to determine whether and how career requirements, post-military aspirations, family considerations, and previous academic experience influenced the choice to pursue a master’s degree. A conceptual framework comprised career development, career decision making, and adult development that provided additional guidance. The study used a case study methodology, and 26 military students participated. Data collection comprised interview and surveys, and data analysis comprised coding with peer review and member checking. The findings affirmed the research questions and identified themes related to self-efficacy, goal setting, persistence, and time management, leading to implications.
Blue Economy and Competing Discourses in International Oceans Governance
Authors: Silver Jennifer J. , Gray Noella J. , Campbell Lisa M. , Fairbanks Luke W. , Gruby Rebecca L.
Published: April 2015

In this article, we track a relatively new term in global environmental governance: “blue economy.” Analyzing preparatory documentation and data collected at the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (i.e., Rio + 20), we show how the term entered into use and how it was articulated within four competing discourses regarding human–ocean relations: (a) oceans as natural capital, (b) oceans as good business, (c) oceans as integral to Pacific Small Island Developing States, and (d) oceans as small-scale fisheries livelihoods. Blue economy was consistently invoked to connect oceans with Rio + 20’s “green economy” theme; however, different actors worked to further define the term in ways that prioritized particular oceans problems, solutions, and participants. It is not clear whether blue economy will eventually be understood singularly or as the domain of a particular actor or discourse. We explore possibilities as well as discuss discourse in global environmental governance as powerful and precarious.
Physician–pharmacist collaboration for oral chemotherapy monitoring: Insights from an academic genitourinary oncology practice
Authors: Holle Lisa M , Puri Sonam , Clement Jessica M
Published: April 2015

Background

Oral chemotherapy is being routinely used in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate and renal cell cancer. Although convenient, these drugs require monitoring for adherence, toxicity, and drug interactions to maximize outcomes. Oncology pharmacists have the training and expertise that place them in an optimal position to collaboratively provide medication therapy management.

Methods

A board-certified oncology pharmacist, working in collaboration with a medical oncologist, initiated an oral chemotherapy–monitoring program. The pharmacist provided education, completed medication therapy management; monitored for adherence and toxicity; and recommended treatment of toxicity and supportive care issues. Patient encounters included one of the following: collaboration with medical oncologist visit, pharmacist visit, or telephone or email follow-up between visits.

Results

From December 2012 to May 2014, the pharmacist had 123 encounters with 20 patients with either metastatic prostate ( n = 17) or renal cell cancer ( n = 3). All patients were males (median age 80 years). Most encounters were clinic visits, in collaboration with physician visit or alone (52%); 36% were telephone encounters, and 11.3% were email follow-ups. Medication-related problems were identified in 25% of the 315 assessments made. Problems included: adverse drug reactions, 40%; inappropriate therapy, 20%; and noncompliance, 18%. Recommendations included: modification of laboratory monitoring, 25%; cancer or non-cancer therapy modification, 12%; drug discontinuation, 6.9%. Non-cancer therapy-related drug information and coordination of care accounted for 30% of recommendations.

Conclusion

Our program led to identification of a number of potentially clinically significant issues for patients on oral chemotherapy and demonstrated the benefit of the pharmacist in the multidisciplinary team to assist in addressing them.
‘Know before you go’: information-seeking behaviour of German patients receiving health services abroad in light of the provisions of Directive 2011/24/EU
Authors: Panteli Dimitra , Wagner Caroline , Verheyen Frank , Busse Reinhard
Published: April 2015

Objective

While Directive 2011/24/EU on cross-border patient mobility makes specific provisions in relation to information availability and accessibility, little empirical evidence exists to guide best practice. This paper explores the information-seeking behaviour of German patients who received planned care abroad.

Methods

A postal survey among German patients treated in other European countries was carried out by Techniker Krankenkasse, a major German sickness fund. The influence of certain predictors on whether patients informed themselves before travelling for care was investigated using multiple logistic regression. Types and sources of information were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Information activity was contingent on patients' level of education, type of service, regularity of treatment abroad and awareness of entitlement to cross-border services. Respondents most frequently enquired about elements of reimbursement, entitlement to services and cost-saving, and consulted their sickness fund for information. Differences in both content and medium of choice were observed between patient groups.

Conclusion

A structured and inclusive approach to information provision should be adopted. National Contact Points should collaborate with a range of stakeholders, who will vary depending on the health care system; however, patient organizations, health professionals and third-party payers should always be represented. Dynamically monitoring cross-border movements can help determine the range, medium and language of relevant information.
How does thinking in Black and White terms relate to eating behavior and weight regain?
Authors: Palascha Aikaterini , van Kleef Ellen , van Trijp Hans CM
Published: April 2015

This study explores the role of dichotomous thinking on eating behavior and its association with restraint eating and weight regain in a wide range of people. In a web-based survey with 241 adults, dichotomous thinking and behavioral outcomes related to eating (restraint eating, weight regain, body mass index, dieting) were assessed. Results showed that eating-specific dichotomous thinking (dichotomous beliefs about food and eating) mediates the association between restraint eating and weight regain. We conclude that holding dichotomous beliefs about food and eating may be linked to a rigid dietary restraint, which in turn impedes people’s ability to maintain a healthy weight.
Gender differences and correlates of extreme dieting behaviours in US adolescents
Authors: Brown Catherine S , Kola-Palmer Susanna , Dhingra Katie
Published: April 2015

This article examined correlates of and gender differences in extreme dieting behaviours among 15,425 US adolescents from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Suicidal thoughts and plans and binge drinking were related to extreme dieting behaviours in females, but not in males. Suicide attempts, daily smoking and marijuana use were related to extreme dieting behaviours in males, but not females. Results suggest extreme dieting behaviours are associated with a range of negative psychosocial factors and substance use behaviours, and that these differ for boys and girls. Additional research is required to elucidate these relationships, and these results provide a focus for future research, prevention and intervention efforts.
Do body-related shame and guilt mediate the association between weight status and self-esteem?
Authors: Pila Eva , Sabiston Catherine M , Brunet Jennifer , Castonguay Andree L , O’Loughlin Jennifer
Published: April 2015

Individuals who are overweight or obese report body image concerns and lower self-esteem. However, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning these associations. The objective of this study was to test body-related shame and guilt as mediators in the association between weight status and self-esteem. Young adult participants ( n = 790) completed assessments of self-esteem and body-related guilt and shame, and weight status indicators were measured by trained technicians. Findings from multiple mediation analyses suggest that body-related shame mediates the relationship between weight status and self-esteem. If replicated in longitudinal studies, these findings suggest that reducing body-related emotions may have important implications for improving self-esteem in clinical weight management.
The role of motivation and the regulation of eating on the physical and psychological health of patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Guertin Camille , Rocchi Meredith , Pelletier Luc G , Émond Claudie , Lalande Gilles
Published: April 2015

This study tested a longitudinal motivation model for healthy eating in patients with cardiovascular disease, using self-determination and social-cognitive theories. A total of 513 patients completed measures of eating habits, global motivation, motivation for eating, self-efficacy for eating and life satisfaction, immediately after a major cardiac incident and at three times during a year (e.g. 2008–2009). Physiological indicators were measured to examine how they predicted the participants’ physical health. Results found participants with self-determined motivation were more likely to develop a sense of self-efficacy towards eating and a healthy diet, which had beneficial effects on their physical health and life satisfaction.
A reason to stay healthy: The role of meaning in life in relation to physical activity and healthy eating among adolescents
Authors: Brassai László , Piko Bettina F , Steger Michael F
Published: April 2015

The present longitudinal study investigated the incremental contribution of meaning in life to sustaining health-promoting behaviors, after controlling for well-being and health values among East-European adolescents ( N = 456). Time 1 responses on presence of meaning, search for meaning, well-being, and health values were used to predict levels of healthy eating and physical activity 13 months later. All independent variables significantly predicted engagement in healthy eating and physical activity. Presence of meaning and search for meaning were the most robust predictors, and the interaction of them predicted additional variance in healthy eating among boys and physical activity among girls.
Explaining the intention–behaviour gap in gluten-free diet adherence: The moderating roles of habit and perceived behavioural control
Authors: Kothe Emily J , Sainsbury Kirby , Smith Lauren , Mullan Barbara A
Published: April 2015

Adherence to a strict gluten-free diet is the only treatment for coeliac disease. Nonetheless, many individuals with the disease struggle to achieve and maintain strict adherence. While the theory of planned behaviour is useful for predicting gluten-free diet adherence, an intention–behaviour gap remains. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of habit and perceived behavioural control in moderating the intention–behaviour relationship in gluten-free diet adherence. A significant three-way interaction was found such that the association between intention and adherence was dependent on both perceived behavioural control and habit. Implications for both theory and intervention design are discussed.
Economic pressure and health and weight management behaviors in African American couples: A family stress perspective
Authors: O’Neal Catherine W , Arnold Amy Laura , Lucier-Greer Mallory , Wickrama KAS , Bryant Chalandra M
Published: April 2015

This study extends the family stress model by examining the influence of economic pressure on health and weight management behaviors mediated by depressive symptoms and spousal support among 506 African American married couples. The actor–partner interdependence model accounted for the interdependent nature of relationships. Findings support the family stress model; yet pathways differed slightly for husbands and wives. Economic pressure directly influenced depressive symptoms and spousal support. Spousal support was a buffer against poor health and weight management behaviors for husbands, while depressive symptoms exacerbated poor health and weight management behaviors for wives. These mechanisms have implications for practitioners who promote African American couples’ well-being.
Strategies for reduction of episodic risk of PM10 by controlling industrial and traffic emissions of SO2 and NO2 and meteorological parameters
Authors: Lu Chan , Deng Qi-Hong , Yu Chuck Wah Francis
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide effective strategies for ambient air quality management to ameliorate ambient PM10 concentrations. The study investigated the association of meteorological parameters with occurrence of PM10 episodes due to emissions from local sources. Spearman's rank correlations of atmospheric NO2 and SO2 and meteorological parameters with daily PM10 concentrations, monitored in urban centres in Changsha, were conducted. The conditional logistic regression and time-stratified case-crossover were used to analyse effects of different local sources with adjustment for different meteorological parameters. Their association with diurnal hourly ambient PM10 concentration and occurrence of PM10 episodes was determined. The results showed that the frequency and risks of occurrence of PM10 episodes were highest in winter and lowest in summer. An increase in atmospheric NO2 concentration was illustrated to be more likely to induce PM10 episode than SO2. Temperature and rainfall are key meteorological parameters to be adjusted for pollution mitigation to effectively reduce occurrence risk of PM10 episodes. The episodic risk could be mitigated by controlling emission sources of SO2 and NO2. Significant reduction in PM10 concentrations can be achieved when simultaneously adjusted for temperature or rainfall. The episodic risk could be further minimized by controlling the meteorological conditions (e.g. surface temperature, atmospheric pressure and urban ventilation) during early morning period (03:00–06:00) and by controlling fuel use and traffic during late afternoon period (17:00–18:00). Implementation of air quality management strategies proposed should be crucial to mitigate pollution risk of particulate matter episodes and to protect human health and the environment.