bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypocholesterolemic effect of aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Sansevieria liberica on salt-loaded rats
Authors: Ikewuchi Jude C. , Ikewuchi Catherine C. , Ifeanacho Mercy O. , Igboh Ngozi M. , Ijeh Ifeoma I. , Ihunwo Stella A.
Published: February 2017

In this study, the ability of an aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Sansevieria liberica to moderate plasma lipid profile and atherogenic indices was investigated in normal and sub-chronic salt-loaded rats. The normal and treatment control groups received a diet consisting 100% of the commercial feed, while the test control, reference and test treatment groups received an 8% salt-loaded diet. The extract was orally administered daily at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight; while the moduretics was administered at 1 mg/kg body weight. The test control, reference and control groups received appropriate volumes of water by the same route. Compared to test control, the extract dose dependently significantly lowered (P<0.05) the plasma triglyceride, total-, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-, low density lipoprotein (LDL)- and non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index of plasma, while significantly (P<0.05) increasing the plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration of the test animals. The present result highlighted the cardio-protective potential of the plant, and suggests its use in the management of dyslipidemia whether primary or secondary to obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and by extension, the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
An overview of swine artificial insemination: Retrospective, current and prospective aspects
Authors: C. Soriano-Úbeda , C. Matás , FA García-Vázquez
Published: February 2017

Assistant reproduction technologies are in constant evolution, among them the artificial insemination (AI). AI has been successfully used in pigs for decades, especially to improve boar efficienc and productivity. Lately, swine AI has taken on a new lease of life since efficient AI is essential for solving future challenges in the porcine industry and to enhance productivity. The present paper summarizes several factors concerning AI, starting with an overview of some physiological aspects including the female reproductive tract and sperm transport, as well as sperm losses during insemination and uterus sperm selection. Strategies developed to reduce the number of sperm during the AI process, are also reviewed, along with their combination with new reproductive technologies for application in pig production in the near future.
Development of problem-based learning material for physics mathematics and its implementation
Authors: Pujayanto Pujayanto , Supurwoko Supurwoko , Radiyono Y , Adi Delisma W
Published: February 2017

The research aims to develop Problem Based Learning material teaching of Mathematics Physics and to know the effect on the cognitive capability of undergraduate students. The research uses development method of Borg and Gall. There are ten steps such as data collection, planning, product drafting, pretest, pretest revise 1, main test, main test revise 2, posttest, final revision, and dissemination and implementation. The data collection uses questionnaire and cognitive test which will support the qualitative data. The result shows that the criterion of developing problem-based learning teaching materials is 5 level category when 43.33% respondents rate 5 level category and the others give 4 level category. Furthermore, students which use the materials increased and the most of the students have acquired cognitive value exceeds the value of minimum completeness criteria.
Efek Perbedaan Komposisi Konsentrat terhadap Perbaikan Nilai Nutrisi Jerami Padi
Authors: Widyawati Susi Dwi
Published: February 2017

Since rice straw is seasonal and low quality roughage, thus, a supplementation for it is needed. Lamtoro leaf meal (LLM) and soybean meal (SBM), have both soluble and bypass protein, so it enough potential to supply nutrients to optimize of rumen microbes and improve animal performance. Supplementation with LLM or SBM significantly increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber intake (P<0.05). This fact showed that LLM or SBM supplementation made an improvement of rumen fermentation by microbes. Comparison between LLM and SBM to basal diet clearly showed that basal diet was the lowest (P<0.05) nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility, however, the animal fed basal diet degraded crude fiber was not affected. It has been shown that supplementation with lamtoro leaf meal or soybean meal were palatable, fermentable and reasonably digestible. Therefore, the use of these feedstuffs as  supplement to rice straw are strongly recommended.

 

Key words : concentrate, PO beef cattle, performance, digestibility
Kualitas Fisik Daging Sapi Peranakan Ongole dengan Pemberian Asam Askorbat dan Penyimpanan pada Suhu 50C
Authors: Samodra E P , Cahyono H
Published: February 2017

The research was conducted to investigate the effect of soaking meat of Peranakan Ongole cattle with ascorbic acid and storage duration at 50C on physical quality of meat. The experiment was done in Complete Randomised Design by factorial 3 x 3. First factor was ascorbic acid with 3 levels (0%, 5%, 1%), and second factor is storage duration with 3 levels (0, 5, and 6 days). Variables that were measured: tenderness, cooking loss, water holding capacity and pH. Data were analyzed by variance analysis and the significant result were tested by Duncan’s test. Tenderness average for ascorbic acid ranging between 1,60 – 1,62 kg/cm2, and for storage duration was increased from 1,83 to 1,38 kg/cm2. Cooking loss average for ascorbat acid ranged from 43,33 to 44,89%, and for storage duration increased from 40,00 to 47,00%. Water holding capacity average for ascorbic acid ranging between 32,88 – 33,65%, but for storage duration decreased from 34,61 to 32,32%. The pH average for ascorbic acid ranging from 5,99 to 6,16, and increased for storage duration from 6,43 to 5,84. It can be concluded that physical quality of beef cattle was not affected
bay ascorbic acid up to 1%, but was significantly decreased by storage duration (p<0,05).

Key words: Pernakan Ongole meat, ascorbat acid, storage time
URGENSITAS HARMONISASI HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DALAM MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL MELALUI PROGRAM REDUCING EMMISION DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION AND ENHANCING STOK CARBON
Authors: , Dewi Gunawati
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

This study aims to identify the urgency or the reasons for the harmonization of legal protection and management of forests in mitigating global climate change through REDD + .Urgency harmonize the protection and management of forests in mitigating global climate change examined in three approaches. First, a philosophical approach that formed in the Welfare State Theory by Espring Enderson, active role of the state in the context of the protection and management of forests is that the state is obliged to undertake the protection and management of forests in mitigating global climate change. Studied from the theory of sustainable development Edith Brown Weiss, i) The phenomenon of global climate change is a result of lifestyle or human behavior in the form of patterns of production and patterns of excessive and unfriendly environment. Excessive fossil energy resulting ecological crisis impact on global warming so trigger global climate change. ii) Due to the interest of developing countries to emission concept promoted in the global climate change convention, which it does not restrict their movement from space to improve economic competitiveness by building centers of industrial activity which tends to be a major contributor to the increase in gas emissions greenhouse. In this condition the developing countries try to hum with the concept that those countries have the same right to do the construction. Studied from the theory of justice, John Rawls justice is understood as a balance between personal interests and common interests. In the structure of the society in which justice as the main problems then need to be formulated and given a list of reasons on the principles that must be met by a basic structure of a just society in which the principles of justice must distribute the prospect of meeting the basic needs.

Secondly, the juridical approach imprinted on the legal system theory, Lawrence Friedman, and Third, Sociological Approach, engraved on Theory Brianz Tamanaha.
POSISI HUKUM ADAT DALAM HUKUM KONTRAK NASIONAL INDONESIA
Authors: , Paripurna P Sugarda
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Cepat atau lambat Indonesia akan memiliki hukum perjanjiannya sendiri. Alasan dari pernyataan ini adalah bahwa, pertama, hukum kontrak Indoensia sekarang adalah sebenarnya hukum yang diatur dalam Buku III dari KUH Perdata Lama yang tidak lagi digunakan di negera Belanda. Kedua, karena dalam Hukum Kontrak Indonesia tidak sesuai dengan sifat dari bangsa Indonesia. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa, pertama, asas-asas hukum perdata barat jika dihadapkan dengan asas-asas hukum perdata adat maka asas-asas hukum perdata barat cenderung bersifat individualistik sedangkan asas hukum perdata adat cenderung bersifat komunalistik. Hukum barat dalam perkembangannya mengalami proses koletivisasi sedangkan hukum adat mengalami proses indvidualisasi. Kedua, ada dua faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya suatu hukum yakni faktor idiil dan faktor riil. Asas-asas kekeluargaan, gotong-royong, dan tolong-menolong merupakan asas yang hukum adat yang merupakan faktor idiil dalam pembentukan hukum kontrak Nasional, sedangkan asas rukun, kepatutan atau kepantasan dan laras (harmoni) merupakan asas hukum adat yang merupakan faktor riil dalam pembentukan hukum kontrak nasional. Ketiga, hukum perjanjian Indonesia (KUH Pdt Belanda Lama), di Belanda, dengan the Netherlands New Civil Code (NBW) kearah yang lebih jelas, lebih luas cakupannya, dan lebih terarah penerapannya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari bagaimana Hukum Perdata Belanda mengembangkan peraturan yang mengandung asas itikad baik. Keempat, dengan perkembangan pengaturan asas itikad baik yang terjadi di Belanda, asas-asas hukum adat berpeluang untuk tampil dan dipergunakan dalam hukum kontrak nasional. Cara yang mungkin dilakukan untuk menampilkan asas-asas hukum adat dalam hukum kontrak nasional adalah dengan menggunakan proses konkretisasi asas itikad baik dalam hukum kontrak sebagai sarananya. Dengan demikian, seyogyanya asas-asas hukum adat tersebut di atas merupakan landasan dan latar belakang pembentukan hukum kontrak Indonesia yang akan datang.

Kata kunci: Hukum Kontrak Indonesia yang akan datang, Prinsip-prinsip Hukum Adat
Sigmund Freud y Evo Morales, ¿dos modelos a seguir?
Authors: Ríos Madrid Myriam
Published: February 2017

En 1906, Freud es invitado a responder una encuesta “sobre la lectura y los buenos libros”, dirigida por un editor vienés a varias personalidades de la época. De entrada, la respuesta de Freud nos da una idea de la agudeza, la capacidad de observación, la lectura puntual, entre líneas, minuciosa, atenta, escrutadora, tan propia del fundador del psicoanálisis.
«La otra que soy...» Psicopatología de la personalidad de Marilyn Monroe
Authors: Zapata Cadavid Juliana
Published: February 2017

Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica, pretende evidenciar, a partir de lo que han escrito otros autores acerca del tema de la belleza, y el impacto, o mejor dicho, las ansias de la mujer de ir tras de ella, al costo que sea, valga lo que valga. El concepto será expuesto a través de un caso; un personaje histórico que marcó y sigue marcando todas las pautas de belleza, glamour y sensualidad de todas las épocas que vinieron después de ella; es casi como si hubiera un antes y un después de la aparición de este personaje. Se trata de Norma Jean Baker, más conocida con el nombre de Marilyn Monroe; modelo, actriz, cantante, es la personificación de la belleza, admirada y amada por su imagen de rubia seductora y despampanante, siempre perfecta, siempre bella. Pero no todo es bello, o por lo menos no su vida y su historia; la idea es mostrar o explicar cómo esta mujer quiso crear una imagen de belleza para tapar, para esconder una historia llena de tragedias y vacíos, llena de vaivenes que la mantenían en el borde del abismo. Y de cierto modo, indagar acerca de su perfil psicológico.
La familia del niño psicótico: una mirada psicoanalítica
Authors: Vergara Medina Cruz Elena
Published: February 2017

El módulo sobre maltrato infantil y violencia intrafamiliar, cursado en el marco de la maestría en Psicología y Salud Mental, me condujo a reflexionar sobre el modo como la familia puede deparar al niño con N.E.E [entre ellos niños psicóticos y autistas] un escenario de exclusión. El texto estará dispuesto del siguiente modo: en primera instancia se presenta una breve conceptualización sobre la familia en psicoanálisis, en la que se incluyen las modalidades de estructuras psíquicas; seguidamente se plantea un caso clínico, del que se extraen algunos elementos para dialectizar la función de la familia en el psiquismo del sujeto, en este caso en una niña psicótica; para terminar haciendo una síntesis a modo de disertación final, dando cuenta de una aproximación argumentativa que exponga el lugar que el niño ocupa en el psiquismo de los padres, y los padres en el psiquismo del niño; lugar que va a determinar la relación del niño con el deseo, el goce, la escuela, la ley, etc.
Las autolesiones: más allá del daño tisular
Authors: Bower Lorena
Published: February 2017

El cuerpo humano ha estado sometido desde siempre a las disposiciones y cánones culturales; en tal sentido, los cortes han tenido un lugar de privilegio en distintas culturas siendo sinónimo de bien y dignidad. En la actualidad los cortes (cutting) se presentan carentes de esa inserción histórica y se alzan como mensajes que buscan conmocionar al Otro.
Acciones para fortalecer la prevención social
Authors: Méndez Bordón Aliek , Rivas Diéguez Aramís , Hernández Labrada Lorenza
Published: February 2017

La prevención social es un proceso complejo, que por su amplitud exige del estudio detallado de las problemáticas psicosociales que afectan a cada sociedad e individuo en particular. Es por ello que el desarrollo de acciones comunitarias en los que se prevé la participación de los distintos factores y agentes de socialización contribuye al incremento de la efectividad de la praxis preventiva.
El problema de marco y las complicaciones que provoca la sintaxis
Authors: Silenzi María Inés
Published: February 2017

La cuestión clave del presente trabajo atiende al alcance que Jerry Fodor le ha otorgado a la resolución del problema de marco con respecto al progreso de las Ciencias Cognitivas. Es nuestra intención analizar las razones que han llevado a Fodor a pronosticar su “argumento pesimista” sugiriendo que las “complicaciones que provoca la sintaxis” deben ser superadas si lo que se quiere es avanzar en la investigación cognitiva.
“Usted no sabe quién son yo… tampoco quién es usted”
Authors: Ríos Madrid Myriam
Published: February 2017

En un país sensacionalista en el que los borrachos protagonizan todos los días accidentes mortales, el caso de uno, que no dejó muertos, pareciera ser poco trascendental. Pero no fue así, me refiero al caso del ciudadano que en días pasados movió los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales a raíz de la famosa frase “usted no sabe quién soy yo”, frase que junto con la actitud orgullosa, desafiante, grosera y clasista exhibida por el borracho en cuestión, generó por parte de los observadores rabia, risa, chistes, desprecio, insultos hacia este personaje tan colombiano, tan cotidiano, tan digno exponente de nuestra idiosincrasia.
La psicología social de la educación: una puerta poco explorada
Authors: Enciso Luna Jhon Elkin
Published: February 2017

Este texto tiene como propósito establecer la relevancia y pertinencia de la Psicología social de la educación para el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias sociales en el ser humano, a partir de las generalidades de la Psicología educativa como disciplina psicológica, la relación entre la educación y los procesos psicosociales, para finalizar con los fenómenos centralmente estudiados en contextos educativos formales.
Lo real del sexo: perspectivas desde el psicoanálisis de orientación lacaniana y los estudios Queer
Authors: Peidro Santiago
Published: February 2017

La idea de este trabajo es realizar una aproximación a la diferencia sexual para situar la problemática que surge al plantear dicha distinción desde un punto de vista anatómico, que conduce a un esencialismo biológico pre-cultural, criticado tanto desde los estudios Queer como desde el psicoanálisis de orientación lacaniana.
Intervenciones en los ámbitos carcelarios: problemas y desafíos
Authors: Bravo Omar Alejandro
Published: February 2017

La psicología se ha insertado en los ámbitos carcelarios desde una perspectiva particular, vinculada históricamente a la necesidad de detectar trazos de peligrosidad en las personas privadas de libertad, para poder establecer intervenciones destinadas a contener o modificar esa condición e informar al juez sobre las condiciones de estas personas para su retorno a la vida social. Este texto tiene como propósito discutir el origen de estas prácticas y la posibilidad de formas diferentes de intervención en esos contextos institucionales.
Jóvenes espectadores de violencia en los medios: cuestiones que sí importan
Authors: Fernández Villanueva Concepción
Published: February 2017

La emisión de violencia en los medios ha sido tomada en cuenta principalmente por sus aspectos negativos, como productora de influencias perturbadoras en la conducta de los espectadores, especialmente si son jóvenes o niños. Desde una perspectiva más amplia, que tiene en cuenta todos los tipos de violencia que pueden ver los espectadores, presentamos un resumen de las dimensiones que pueden influenciar, no siempre de forma negativa, a los espectadores jóvenes: las funciones informativa, testificativa, identificativa y productora de emociones, de las escenas violentas. Consideramos de particular interés las formas de presentación que los emisores utilizan con la pretensión de evaluar moralmente la violencia que se muestra en las pantallas.
El corazón delator: algunas reflexiones desde el psicoanálisis a propósito de los infartos cardiovasculares y la época actual
Authors: Gómez Gallego John James
Published: February 2017

Este artículo presenta algunas conjeturas derivadas del análisis de entrevistas realizadas con sujeto que han padecido enfermedades cardiovasculares, específicamente infarto. Se ponen aquí en evidencia algunas modalidades en las respuestas del sujeto ante la angustia y el encuentro con lo que Freud denominó sentimiento inconsciente de culpa, particularmente por la vía del masoquismo moral.
Pensamiento visible y currículo oculto
Authors: Santamaría Mondragón Billy
Published: February 2017

Al recordar mi paso por el jardín infantil o la escuela primaria, no puedo dejar de decir que fue la época donde más momentos felices he acumulado, aunque también es la época donde más preguntas  se han generado y solo hasta hoy ha sido posible responder. Nunca pude comprender, porque tenia que memorizar: las tablas de multiplicar, los distintos elementos químicos, el año en que Colombia logro su independencia, los colores primarios y secundarios, el año en que Cristóbal Colon “descubrió” o “invadió” a America y cuántos planetas conforman el sistema solar, entre otras cuestiones. Al despertar todos los días a las 5:50 a.m. para ir a la escuela, se suscitaban varias sensaciones y pensamientos, porque tenia que enfrentarme otra vez, a las mismas cuestiones (que para mi, le permitían al docente justificar su presencia en la escuela) y por otro lado,  me generaba la mayor satisfacción, porque en dicho lugar me iba a encontrar de nuevo con mis amigos, para compartir juegos y risas.
Mnemosine, a un click del olvido
Authors: Ríos Madrid Myriam
Published: February 2017

Carr, un estudioso de la computación se empeña en escudriñar los efectos cerebrales que tiene el uso continuo de las nuevas tecnologías; basándose en numerosas investigaciones y en su propia experiencia, hace pronósticos poco favorables para la humanidad, ya que aspectos básicos y distintivos del hombre como la memoria, la atención, la capacidad de escritura, el pensamiento complejo, entre otros, se están viendo seriamente afectados por la inmersión cada vez más profunda del ser humano en el universo informático. Aunque consideraré varios aspectos, voy a centrarme fundamentalmente en uno, la memoria, cuya pérdida, en términos de lo planteado por Carr no tendría nada que ver con la poca investigación, como supuestamente señala el falso premio nobel.
Procesos de medicalización de la vida escolar y prácticas sustitutivas
Authors: Aguiar Katia Faria de
Published: February 2017

Este artículo presenta algunas líneas de problematización sobre las condiciones actuales de la medicalización y su incidencia en la infancia. Se destacan la influencia de los medios y el DSM como dispositivos centrales en la producción de patologías, señalando la urgencia de la construcción de prácticas sustitutivas de aquellas que invisten en la medicalización de la vida.
El estado como dinamizador de la sociedad y la constitución como guardiana del derecho
Authors: Franco Peña Mercedes Rosa , Granada de Espinal Luz Amparo
Published: February 2017

A la fecha no se ha logrado consolidar la reglamentación que permita la intervención del psicólogo; como una ayuda fundamental para el juez en la solución de aquellos casos en los que deba profundizar en el conocimiento de la conducta de las personas implicadas en estos; lo que vislumbra un vacío en la aplicación del derecho en el ámbito psicosocial, con el fin de lograr restablecer el tejido social, como responsabilidad del Estado Social de Derecho.
Surface Morphology of Fe(III)-Porphyrin Thin Layers as Characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Utari Utari , Kusumandari Kusumandari , Purnama Budi , Mudasir Mudasir , Abraha Kamsul
Published: February 2017

Surface morphology of Fe(III)–porphyrin thin layers was studied using atomic force microscopy. The thin layer samples used in these experiments were deposited by spin coating methods on indium–tin-oxide substrates at room temperature under atmospheric conditions. Variations of thin layer of Fe(III)-porphyrin were done by modifying the rotational speed and the concentration of the solution. The experimental results demonstrated that the Fe(III)–porphyrin layers were observed as discrete nanomolecular islands. Both the number of nano-islands and thickness of the layer increased significantly with increasing concentration. A layer thickness of 15 nm was obtained for low concentrations of 0.00153 M and become 25 nm for dense concentrations of 0.153 M. Conversely, the higher number of islands were deposited on the surface of the substrate at a lower rotational speed.
Wormhole-Like Mesoporous Carbons from Gelatine as Multistep Infiltration Effect
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Trisunaryanti Wega , Falah Iip Izul , Kartini Indriana
Published: February 2017

Wormhole-like mesoporous carbon from gelatine (WMCG) with two different pore diameters have been synthesized by adopting a modified infiltration treatment. The infiltration effect on the morphology was investigated. The results show that the WMCG sample was obtained after dehydration, pyrolysis and silica removal process. The pore diameters WMCG are 15.2 and 4.8 nm with specific surface areas of 280 m2/g, total pore volumes of 0.5 cm3/g and the thermal stability up to 1400 °C. The bimodal pore of WMCG obtained as the high step of infiltration level effect.
Properties and Toxicity of Cobalt(II) Complex with 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole Ligand
Authors: Martak Fahimah , Cahyani Nuari Wahyu Dwi , Nugraheni Zjahra Vianita , Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo
Published: February 2017

Binuclear cobalt(II) complex with 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole ligand has been synthesized using reflux method. The yellowish green crystals with needle-like shape were obtained. Determination of molecular formula of the complex was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and CHN elemental analysis. The contents of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and cobalt(II) in the complex were 36.28, 5.32, 4.17, and 16.64% by weight, respectively. The calculation of element composition showed that the molecular formula of complex [(H2O)5Co-L-Co(H2O)5]Cl3. The IR spectrum showed absorption peaks of Co-N and Co=O at 397.31 and 493.74 cm-1, respectively, confirming the formation of complex. The complex compound showed paramagnetic properties with μeff value of 3.18 BM. Toxicity of the complex was determined by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, and the LC50 value of the complex was 362.24 mg/L.
HPLC Fingerprint Analysis Combined with Chemometrics for Authentication of Kaempferia galanga from Related Species
Authors: Septyanti Cahya , Batubara Irmanida , Rafi Mohamad
Published: February 2017

Fingerprint analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for authentication of Kaempferia galanga from related species, such as Kaempferia pandurata and K. rotunda. By comparing the fingerprint chromatograms of K. galanga, K. pandurata and K. rotunda, we could identify K. galanga samples and detect adulteration of K. galanga from K. pandurata and K. rotunda by using their marker peaks. We also combined HPLC fingerprint with chemometrics for discrimination the three species and also for authentication of K. galanga. All the three species and K. galanga adulterated with K. pandurata and K. rotunda were discriminated successfully by using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). This result indicates that HPLC fingerprint analysis in combination with PCA (PC1 = 30.06% and PC2 = 34.74%) and DA (DF1 = 94.59% and DF2 = 3.32%) could be used for authentication of K. galanga samples from the related species.
Improvement of Student Critical Thinking Skills with the Natural Product Mini Project Laboratory Learning
Authors: Hakim Aliefman , Liliasari Liliasari , Kadarohman Asep , Syah Yana Maolana
Published: February 2017

This research aims to investigate effect of learning using natural product mini project laboratory on students’ critical thinking skills. The research was conducted on sixth semester of 59 students of chemistry and chemistry education program from one of the state universities in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia in 2012/2013. This research revealed class where the student learn using natural product mini project laboratory had more critical thinking skills than those using verification laboratory. The average n-gain of critical thinking skills for experiment class was 0.58 while for the control class was 0.37. The highest n-gain in the experiment class was 0.70 for “deciding on an action (selecting criteria to judge possible solutions) indicators”, while the smallest n-gain was 0.47 for “the making and judging value of judgments (balancing, weighing, and deciding) indicators. We concluded that the natural product mini project laboratory was better than verification laboratory in improving the students’ critical thinking skills.
Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Graphite/PbTiO3 Composite
Authors: Purnawan Candra , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Kusuma Pramudita Putri
Published: February 2017

Synthesis of graphite/PbTiO3 composite as a catalyst in photodegradation and photoelectrodegradation process of methyl orange have been conducted. The purposes of this research are to study the effect of radiation time, composition of composite, voltage and pH of solution for methyl orange degradation. Photodegradation process of methyl orange was carried out for 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 min. Ratio of graphite : PbTiO3 (w/w) were varied at 1:3; 1:2; 1:1; 2:1 and 3:1. Meanwhile, the applied voltages were 7.5; 10 and 12.5 V and the photoelectrodegradation was conducted under pH condition of 3; 7; and 11, respectively. The result showed that optimum composition of graphite/PbTiO3 in the methyl orange photodegradation was obtained at 1:1 ratio for 30 min with degradation up to 90.43% ± 0.062. The degradation reaction follows first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.0688 min-1. The optimum voltage is 10 V, in which it reduced the methyl orange concentration up to 92.65% ± 0 with a rate constant 0.0941 min-1 for first order reaction. The optimum pH is pH = 11, that provide methyl orange reduction up to 95.28% ± 0.082.
Precious Metals Supported on Alumina and Their Application for Catalytic Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol
Authors: Sembiring Kiky Corneliasari , Kristiani Anis , Aulia Fauzan , Hidayati Luthfiana Nurul , Tursiloadi Silvester
Published: February 2017

The high cost of Pt based catalyst for aqueous phase reforming (APR) reaction makes it advantageous to develop less cost of other metals for the same reaction. APR is hydrogen production process from biomass-derived source at mild condition near 500 K and firstly reported by Dumesic and co-worker. The use of hydrogen as environmentally friendly energy carrier has been massively encouraged over the last year. When hydrogen is used in fuel cell for power generation, it produces a little or no pollutants. The aim of this study is to study the effect of some precious metal catalysts for APR process. Due to investigation of metal catalysts for APR process, four precious metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Ni) supported on γ-Al2O3 with 20% feeding amount have been successfully prepared by impregnation method. Those precious metals were identified as promising catalysts for APR. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption at 77 K, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR). The catalytic performance was investigated at 523 K and autogenous pressure in a batch reactor with glycerol concentration of 10%. The gaseous hydrogen product was observed over the prepared catalysts by GC. It was found that performance of catalysts to yield the hydrogen product was summarized as follow Cu/γ-Al2O3 > Co/γ-Al2O3 > Zn/γ-Al2O3 > Ni/γ-Al2O3.
Structure and Compatibility Study of Modified Polyurethane/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Shape Memory Materials
Authors: Firdaus Dick Ferieno , Masrudin Masrudin , Lestari Dessy Ayu , Arbi Mutya Rahmah , Chalid Mochamad
Published: February 2017

Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) is one of smart materials class that has the ability to recall a given shape before deformation in the transient state. The development of SMP is dominated by polyurethane which is currently focused on the optimization of manufacturing-related research (ease of processing), and the extraction of the potential for biomedical applications. In this study, Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) with Polyethylene Glycol-based material (PEG mw: 6000) as soft segment, 4,4'-Methylenebis (Cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) as a hard segment and 1,1,1-Trimethylol propane (TMP) as a chain extender were used as a candidate for Vascular Stents. Materials used for the fillers were nano particles of magnetite (Fe3O4) which have 20–50 nm diameters. Variations of the composition were used as a variable. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were conducted to investigate the polymer chains which were formed during polymerization, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to analyze the interface between the filler and the composite matrix. Manual physical actuation was conducted to analyze the physical recovery and transition temperature of the SMPU. Composition and fillers effect on the performance of SMPU composite were discussed in detail along with analysis of its structure and molecular design.
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Rosenberg Avi Z. , Kopp Jeffrey B.
Published: February 2017

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of kidney disease worldwide. The presumed etiology of primary FSGS is a plasma factor with responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy and a risk of recurrence after kidney transplant–important disease characteristics. In contrast, adaptive FSGS is associated with excessive nephron workload due to increased body size, reduced nephron capacity, or single glomerular hyperfiltration associated with certain diseases. Additional etiologies are now recognized as drivers of FSGS: high-penetrance genetic FSGS due to mutations in one of nearly 40 genes, virus-associated FSGS, and medication-associated FSGS. Emerging data support the identification of a sixth category: APOL1 risk allele–associated FSGS in individuals with sub-Saharan ancestry. The classification of a particular patient with FSGS relies on integration of findings from clinical history, laboratory testing, kidney biopsy, and in some patients, genetic testing. The kidney biopsy can be helpful, with clues provided by features on light microscopy (e.g., glomerular size, histologic variant of FSGS, microcystic tubular changes, and tubular hypertrophy), immunofluorescence (e.g., to rule out other primary glomerulopathies), and electron microscopy (e.g., extent of podocyte foot process effacement, podocyte microvillous transformation, and tubuloreticular inclusions). A complete assessment of renal histology is important for establishing the parenchymal setting of segmental glomerulosclerosis, distinguishing FSGS associated with one of many other glomerular diseases from the clinical-pathologic syndrome of FSGS. Genetic testing is beneficial in particular clinical settings. Identifying the etiology of FSGS guides selection of therapy and provides prognostic insight. Much progress has been made in our understanding of FSGS, but important outstanding issues remain, including the identity of the plasma factor believed to be responsible for primary FSGS, the value of routine implementation of genetic testing, and the identification of more effective and less toxic therapeutic interventions for FSGS.
Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with depressive disorder
Authors: Cekerevac Ivan , Lazic Zorica , Novkovic Ljiljana , Petrovic Marina , Cupurdija Vojislav , Zeljko Todorovic , Djurdjevic Predrag , Ilic-Dudvarski Aleksandra , Susa Romana
Published: February 2017

Introduction/Objective. The origin of depressive disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is still not completely known and probably is caused by various factors. The aim of this study is to establish the most important characteristics of COPD patients who have depressive disorder. Methods. Eighty-nine COPD patients and 65 demographically-matched referents without COPD were included. All the patients underwent lung function examination, and gas exchange, nutritional status, dyspnoea level by the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and exercise tolerance were also assessed, as well as depressive disorder by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Geriatrics Depression Scale (GDS) and quality of life by St. George?s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results. Depressive disorder has been found in 30.3% of COPD patients evaluated by HADS and 25.3% of COPD patients evaluated by GDS. When COPD subjects were stratified by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) categorization, all subgroups were more likely to have depressive disorder, according to HADS and GDS, relative to referents with the odds ratio highest (3: 95% confidence interval 1.6?4.9) among those with the FEV1 < 30%. COPD patients with depressive disorder (HADS) compared to non-depressed patients had (differences in mean values) higher intensity of smoking [6.9 (0.5?10.1)], lower body mass index [-4.9 (-7.2?5.4)], lower value of FEV1% [-8.3 (-16.3?1.2)] , higher value of total lung capacity (%) [17.8 (2.3?28.4)], higher mMRC score (1.07 (-1?3.0), and higher SGRQ ? giving a total score of 32.9 (24.1?40.3). Conclusion. Evaluation of depressive disorder should be considered in every patient with COPD, especially in patients with greater degree of airflow limitation and lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea level and malnourished.
Evaluation of adherence to calcium, vitamin D and drugs for osteoporosis in patients with low bone mineral density
Authors: Maksimovic Marina , Jurisic Vladimir , Erdeljan Biljana , Zvekic-Svorcan Jelena , Lazarevic Biljana , Dojcinovic Dragana
Published: February 2017

Introduction/Objective. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of bone tissue, which leads to an increase in bone fragility and higher risk of fractures. The aim of the study was to determine adherence to calcium, vitamin D, and drugs for osteoporosis in patients with reduced bone mineral density, as well as to analyze reasons for low adherence. Methods. The study conducted in the Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia, involved 80 postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Each patient filled out a specially designed questionnaire. Assessment of adherence to calcium, vitamin D, and drugs for osteoporosis was done by the Morisky scale. In the statistical analysis we used the SPSS program v. 20. Results. All the patients were female; 67.5% had osteoporosis and 32.5% had osteopenia; 62.5% of women said that they use calcium supplementation, 81.3% vitamin D, and 62.3% drugs; 81.2% of women who used supplementation had low adherence to calcium, 82.8% low adherence to vitamin D, and 65.8% low adherence to drugs for osteoporosis. Adherence to medication for osteoporosis is better in relation to the adherence of vitamin D and calcium (p < 0.05, ?2 test). The reasons for low adherence are mainly the cost of preparation and forgetfulness. Patients who received drugs intravenously had better adherence than patients who received drugs subcutaneously or orally. Conclusion. Adherence to vitamin D, calcium, and drugs for osteoporosis is presently low in investigated population and the understanding of the causes of low adherence is still insufficiently explored.
A reflection on environmental awareness and the media in Fiji
Authors: Marsen Sky
Published: February 2017

Issues of ‘failed’ nation-states, political meltdowns, coups and increasing militarisation have dogged the recent postcolonial history and environment of the Pacific. This, aside from the political and economic effects generally ascribed as the main societal impacts from such crises, has important social and cultural effects that are largely undocumented by academia as well as the media. The effects of political crisis on creativity through censorship, for example, are not adequately covered in current research and scholarship. The ‘Oceans and Nations: “Failed” States and the Environment in the Pacific’ symposium was organised concurrently with the Pacific Science Inter-Congress at the University of the South Pacific on 8-12 July 2013. This commentary and several other papers presented at this symposium are being published as part of this themed edition of Pacific Journalism Review. This article reflects on the role of the media in Fijians’ awareness, of environmental issues. It considers the question of whether local cultural and linguistic factors make the media a suitable source of information on the environment for Fijians, and proposes a method for future research that would help to answer this question.
‘Carbon colonialism’: Pacific environmental risk, media credibility and a deliberative perspective
Authors: Robie David
Published: February 2017

The effects of climate change are already occurring in all continents and across the oceans, and the situation has deteriorated since the last account in 2007, warned the United Nations scientific agency charged with monitoring and assessing the risks earlier this year. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2014), the world is ill-prepared to manage warming and an increase in magnitude is likely to lead to ‘severe and pervasive impacts that may be surprising or irreversible’. Seriously at risk are Small Island Developing States (SIDS), including several in the Pacific, such as Kiribati, Marshall Islands and Tuvalu. The UN has declared 2014 as the International Year of SIDS and a summit was hosted in Samoa during September. Living in one of the world’s most vulnerable regions to the impact of climate change and the challenges of aid effectiveness and adaptation funding, journalists are at a critical crossroads. This article examines environmental risk, media creativity and a contradiction between normative and traditional Western journalism values and the Pacific profession’s own challenges of ‘adaptation’ in telling the story of global warming with a deliberative perspective.Caption: Figure 2: Climate Change Warriors from Fiji: ‘We are not drowning. We are fighting.’ world.350.org/pacificwarriors/
Cybercrime, criminal libel and the media: From ‘e-martial law’ to the Magna Carta in the Philippines
Authors: Abcede Del , Robie David
Published: February 2017

President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared martial law in the Philippines on 21 September 1972. Issuing the declaration under Proclamation 1081 which suspended civil rights, gagged the news media and imposed military authority in the country, Marcos defended this draconian move under the Philippines Constitution in response to a series of bombings allegedly caused by communist rebels. The emergency rule at the height of the Cold War was also planned to quell rebellion and drive national development. Four decades later, on 12 September 2012, President Benigno Aquino III signed Republic Act No. (RA) 10175, or the Cybercrime Prevention Act, into law. This legislation was immediately widely condemned as a threat to freedom of expression on the internet, the media and online privacy and has been likened by human rights groups, media freedom advocates, ‘netizens’ and opposition Congress members as comparable to the Marcos Martial Law era. Kabataan Representative Raymond Palatino branded the legislation ‘e-Martial Law’, comparing it to repressive Marcos-era decrees censoring and harassing the media. Fifteen Supreme Court appeal petitions were lodged against the Cybercrime Law but the subsequent ruling found the law constitutional in February 2014. This article examines the law, challenges since the constitutional ruling, and demands for repealing the law and replacing it with a so-called ‘Magna Carta’ of internet media freedom.Pictured: Figure 1: Protests against the Cybercrime Law have been widespread in the Philippines. Image: Interaksyon
Deleuze and Kieślowski: On the Cinema of Exhaustion
Authors: Troy Eddy
Published: February 2017

This article revisits Krzysztof Kieślowski's films in light of Gilles Deleuze's writings on cinema. Its central argument is that, while Kieślowski's films register what Deleuze calls exhausted life, or la vie épuisée, they also offer an affirmative response to exhaustion. Deleuze's articulation of exhaustion in the context of film emerges first in Cinema 2: The Time-Image, where the term is posited as the denial of life's capacity to transform itself. In the context of Kieślowski's films and the communist milieux from which they emerge, exhaustion as a film-philosophical concept acquires a socio-political specificity otherwise lacking in Deleuze. Kieślowski's films thus provide the basis for reading exhaustion as an affective correlate of what Deleuze famously calls the “crisis of the action-image”. Stressing Kieślowski's resistance to the hegemony of exhaustion – and what the director calls a “world without representation” – this article emphasizes films such as From the City of Łódź (Z miasta Łodzi, 1969), The Scar (Blizna, 1978), Camera Buff (Amator, 1979), Three Colors: Red (Trois Couleurs: Rouge, 1994). Reading Kieślowski and communist Poland's repressive socio-political context in light of the Deleuzian sense of exhaustion vivifies the affective dimension of the director's oeuvre. Surveying the director's earlier documentary work, his decision to transition to fiction, and his reflections on ethics and politics, this article concludes by arguing for the generative, life-affirming character of Kieślowski's cinema of exhaustion.
Current Insights to Regulation and Role of Telomerase in Human Diseases
Authors: Ozturk Mert , Li Yinghui , Tergaonkar Vinay
Published: February 2017

The telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex has a pivotal role in regulating the proliferation and senescence of normal somatic cells as well as cancer cells. This complex is comprised mainly of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), telomerase RNA component (TERC) and other associated proteins that function to elongate telomeres localized at the end of the chromosomes. While reactivation of telomerase is a major hallmark of most cancers, together with the synergistic activation of other oncogenic signals, deficiency in telomerase and telomeric proteins might lead to aging and senescence-associated disorders. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the canonical as well as non-canonical functions of telomerase through TERT to develop a therapeutic strategy against telomerase-related diseases. In this review, we shed light on the regulation and function of telomerase, and current therapeutic strategies against telomerase in cancer and age-related diseases.
Effects of the Distance from a Diffusive Surface on the Objective and Perceptual Evaluation of the Sound Field in a Small Simulated Variable-Acoustics Hall
Authors: Shtrepi Louena , Astolfi Arianna , Puglisi Giuseppina , Masoero Marco
Published: February 2017

Simulations of the acoustic effects that diffusive surfaces have on the objective acoustic parameters and on sound perception have not yet been fully understood. To this end, acoustic simulations have been performed in Odeon in the model of a variable-acoustic concert hall. This paper is presented as a follow-up study to a previous paper that dealt with in-field measurements only. As in measurements, a diffusive and a reflective condition of one of the lateral walls have been considered in the room models. Two modeling alternatives of the diffusive condition, that is, (a) a flat surface with high scattering coefficient applied; and (b) a triangular relief modeled including edge diffraction, have been investigated. Objective acoustic parameters, such as early decay time (EDT), reverberation time (T30), clarity (C80), definition (D50), and interaural cross correlation (IACC), have been compared between the two conditions. Moreover, an auditory experiment has been performed to determine the maximum distance from a diffusive surface at which the simulated acoustic scattering effects are still audible. Although the simulated objective results showed a good match with measured values, the subjective results showed that the differences between the diffuse and reflective conditions become significant when model (b) is used.
Effect of Diazotated Sulphonated Polystyrene Films on the Calcium Oxalate Crystallization
Authors: Vásquez-Quitral Patricio , Toledo Arana Javier , Miras Maria , Acevedo Diego , Barbero Cesar , Neira-Carrillo Andrónico
Published: February 2017

Pathological crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) inside the urinary tract is called calculi or kidney stone (Urolithiasis). CaOx exhibits three crystalline types in nature: CaOx monohydrate COM, dihydrate COD and trihydrate COT. COD and COM are often found in urinary calculi, particularly COM. Langmuir monolayers, membrane vesicles, phospholipids’ micelles, among others, have been adopted as simplified biomimetic template-models to study in vitro the urolithiasis through CaOx. The nucleation and crystal growth of COM on self-assembled lipid monolayers have revealed that the negatively charged phosphatidylserine interface is a strong promoter of COM. Herein, we describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of diazotated sulphonated polystyrene films (DSPFs), prepared from various aminocompounds varying their polarity degree i.e., polar, non-polar and acidic DSPF derivatives. We also used these DSPFs as polymeric templates in crystallization experiments of CaOx in vitro. Images obtained by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the precipitation of COM crystals on the DSPF surface. The employment of functionalized polymeric films as templates for CaOx crystallization represents a viable approach for understanding inorganic mineralization.