bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research trends in ferroptosis since the origin of the concept: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Deng Huimin , Wei Juan , Min Keting , Yang Hao , Wang Sheng , Xiao Zhuoran , Liu Meiyun , Zheng Li , Zhou Huanping , Chen Yuanli , Zhu Wanli , Li Quanfu , Lv Xin
Published: October 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly characterized form of regulated cell death. This bibliometric analysis identified the scientific output, leading institutions and research teams, current research hotspots and trends in research on ferroptosis since the origin of the concept. We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection for papers on ferroptosis up to 3 June 2022. The acquired data were analysed and visualized by Bibliometrix package and VOSviewer. The study ultimately included 3511 relevant papers, and annual production in this field has grown rapidly in recent years. Institutions and scholars from China contributed the most work, but the impact of their research was much less than that of the United States. Prof. Brent R. Stockwell's team from Columbia University in the United States has a very strong academic influence in the field. Front Cell Dev Biol published the most papers in the field of ferroptosis. As the keywords of the papers in this field changed from the most numerous ‘oxidative stress’, ‘cell‐death’, ‘iron’, ‘expression’, and ‘lipid‐peroxidation’, to ‘prognosis’, ‘immunotherapy’, ‘progression’, ‘tumour microenvironment’, and ‘colorectal cancer’, the hotspot of ferroptosis research is gradually shifting from basic research to clinical translational research. The mechanism of tumour formation and treatment will become the frontier in the field of ferroptosis research in the future.
Alienation: The foundation of transformative education
Authors: Kenklies Karsten
Published: October 2022

Nothing reveals the differences between an internal (i.e., inherently pedagogical) reflection on educational processes and an external (i.e., derived from a philosophical, sociological, psychological, theological or other perspective) more clearly than the differing attitudes towards alienation. Looked at from outside a pedagogical context, alienation appears only negative, deserving nothing but contempt and rejection; examined from inside a pedagogical framework, it proves to be a conditio sine qua non, the process through which transformative education is possible. This article juxtaposes both perspectives in order to defend the conviction that within educational reflections, only an inherently pedagogical, i.e., positive, understanding of alienation is persuasive, whereas other approaches by definition either are outside of pedagogical reflections or belong to a kind of metaphysical thinking that nowadays seems rather outdated. This paper forms part of a Special Issue titled ‘Beyond Virtue and Vice: Education for a Darker Age’, in which the editors invited authors to engage in exercises of ‘transvaluation’. Certain apparently settled educational concepts (from agency and fulfilment to alienation and ignorance) can be radically reinterpreted such that virtues can be seen as vices, and vices as virtues. The editors encouraged authors to employ polemics and some occasional exaggeration to revalue the educational values that are too readily accepted within contemporary educational discourses.
Optimization and comparison of nonconventional extraction techniques for soluble phenolic compounds from brocade orange (Citrus sinensis) peels
Authors: Wang Zhirong , Yang Bing , Chen Xuhui , Huang Pimiao , Chen Kewei , Ma Yuan , Agarry Israel Emiezi , Kan Jianquan
Published: October 2022

Brocade orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peels (BOPs) are rich in a variety of phenols with multiple and strong bioactivities. This study sought to utilize a response surface methodology to optimize the parameters of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) to obtain phenolic extracts from BOPs. Total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC), profiles, and antioxidant activities of extracts for free, esterified‐, and glycosylated‐bound phenols from ASE were compared with those derived from Soxhlet extraction (SE) (80°C, 6 h) and heat‐reflux extraction (HRE) (80°C, 3 h). Maximum practical TPC and TFC under optimal ASE conditions (15 min, 108°C, 82 bar, and three cycles) were determined to be 32.82 mg gallic acid equivalents/dry weight (DW) and 10.25 mg rutin equivalents/DW, respectively. The profiles, contents, and corresponding bioactivities of the extracts significantly depended on extraction method, particularly with regard to phenolic fraction. Generally, ASE and HRE were associated with higher levels of extraction efficiency and higher quality targeted bioactive compounds with stronger antioxidant activity. More importantly, ASE represents a simple, efficient, and time‐saving technique for the extraction of phenols. Furthermore, the finding that different phenolic fractions contain variable profiles and contents of phenols is useful for efforts to obtain targeted individual bioactive ingredients and make better use of biomass residues.
Who Controls the Past: Far‐Sighted Bargaining in International Regimes
Authors: Kennard Amanda
Published: October 2022

How do international regimes change over time? Regimes facilitate cooperation by linking together otherwise ad hoc negotiations. These linkages endogenize the status quo from which subsequent negotiations depart. I develop a theory of endogenous status quo within international regimes: prior outcomes implicitly define the status quo of new negotiations by acting as focal points and by creating inconsistency costs. I test observable implications of the theory in the context of the multilateral trade regime, focusing on new member accession negotiations. These negotiations attract interest from a surprising subset of World Trade Organization members, many with few observable trade ties or other economic incentives to participate. Nonetheless participation enables states to shape the emergent status quo strategically, with potentially far‐reaching implications for future bargaining. I employ a text‐as‐data approach—together with a novel corpus of negotiating documents—finding consistent support for the theory and mechanisms.
Biomarkers of asthma relapse and lung function decline in adults with spontaneous asthma remission: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tan Daniel J. , Lodge Caroline J. , Walters Eugene Haydn , Lowe Adrian J. , Bui Dinh S. , Bowatte Gayan , Kandane‐Rathnayake Rangi , Aldakheel Fahad M. , Erbas Bircan , Hamilton Garun S. , Thomas Paul S. , Hew Mark , Tang Mimi L. K. , Abramson Michael J. , Perret Jennifer L. , Dharmage Shyamali C.
Published: October 2022

Background

The extent to which biomarkers of asthma activity persist in spontaneous asthma remission and whether such markers are associated with future respiratory outcomes remained unclear. We investigated the association between sub‐clinical inflammation in adults with spontaneous asthma remission and future asthma relapse and lung function decline.

Methods

The Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study is a population‐based cohort (n = 8583). Biomarkers of systemic inflammation were measured on participants at age 45, and latent profile analysis was used to identify cytokine profiles. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and nitric oxide products in exhaled breath condensate (EBC NOx) were measured at age 50. Participants with spontaneous asthma remission at ages 45 (n = 466) and 50 (n = 318) were re‐evaluated at age 53, and associations between baseline inflammatory biomarkers and subsequent asthma relapse and lung function decline were assessed.

Results

We identified three cytokine profiles in adults with spontaneous asthma remission: average (34%), Th2‐high (42%) and Th2‐low (24%). Compared to the average profile, a Th2‐high profile was associated with accelerated decline in post‐BD FEV1/FVC (MD −0.18% predicted per‐year; 95% CI −0.33, −0.02), while a Th2‐low profile was associated with accelerated decline in both post‐BD FEV1 (−0.41%; −0.75, −0.06) and post‐BD FVC (−0.31%; −0.62, 0.01). BHR and high TNF‐α during spontaneous remission were associated with an increased risk of asthma relapse. In contrast, we found no evidence of association between EBC NOx and either asthma relapse or lung function decline.

Conclusion

BHR and serum inflammatory cytokines have prognostic value in adults with spontaneous asthma remission. At‐risk individuals with BHR, Th2‐high or Th2‐low cytokine profiles may benefit from closer monitoring and on‐going follow‐up.
Platelet aggregation in Klinefelter syndrome is not aggravated by testosterone replacement therapy: A longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Chang Simon , Larsen Ole Halfdan , Hvas Anne‐Mette , Skakkebæk Anne , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg , Münster Anna‐Marie Bloch
Published: October 2022

Background

Men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are routinely offered testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) suggested to potentially promote platelet aggregation and increase cardiovascular risk.

Objective

We investigated platelet aggregation in men with KS before and during TRT.

Materials and methods

Forty‐one adult men with KS participated, of which 20 had no history of TRT at baseline, with 15 completing follow‐up after 18 months TRT. Further, we included 21 adult men with KS on long‐term TRT (>10 years) and a male reference population. We assessed platelet impedance aggregometry using adenosine diphosphate (6.5 μM), thrombin‐receptor‐activating‐peptide‐6 (TRAP 32 μM), and arachidonic acid (ASPI 0.5 mM) as agonists in KS compared to a male reference population and stratified by route of TRT administration.

Results

Platelet aggregation among men with KS at baseline or during TRT was not increased compared with the male reference population. For all three agonist, no change was seen in platelet aggregation in KS at follow‐up compared with baseline (p ≥ 0.2). Platelet aggregation was not associated with total testosterone and furthermore, platelet count was not affected by treatment with testosterone. Men with KS treated with testosterone gel showed slightly increased TRAP‐ and ASPI‐induced platelet aggregation compared with those treated with testosterone injection (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively).

Discussion and conclusions

We observed normal platelet aggregation in men with KS before TRT and following both short and long term treatment. Our findings do not support an independent role of platelets in driving the cardiovascular risk in KS.
In a double‐bind: Time–space distanciation, socioeconomic status, and coping with financial stress in the United States
Authors: Schmitt Harrison J. , Black Adeena L. , Keefer Lucas A. , Sullivan Daniel
Published: October 2022

Psychological research has shown that lower socioeconomic status (SES) individuals experience higher levels of stress and tend to cope in more present‐oriented ways. While some research in the field has sought to, for instance, increase future‐oriented ways of being among lower SES individuals, we argue that such approaches may come at significant cost. We consider the construct of time–space distanciation (TSD) – the normative way in which time and space are abstracted from one another at cultural and individual levels – as a way to complicate psychological research on social class, stress, and coping. Across four studies, we present research on US geographical regions (Studies 1–2) and US participants (Studies 3–4) suggesting that adopting normative high‐TSD orientations represents a double‐bind for lower SES individuals: it allows one to enact more proactive coping strategies in the face of financial stressors such as debt (Studies 1–3), but it is also a source of disproportionate stress itself (Study 4), given the burdens faced by lower SES individuals trying to navigate time and space in culturally hegemonic ways in spite of precarity and material insecurity. We discuss how TSD offers a means of situating psychological research into precarity within the broader structural context of flexible capitalism.
The salivary exosomal microRNA as a potential biomarker in patients with periodontitis and oral cancers
Authors: Safari Zahra , Firouzi Alireza , Rezaeikalantari Nika , Mohammadi Sanaz , Ranjbar Nikta , Shahpori Hooman , Khaleghi Pouya , Bagherianlemraski Mobina , Zandi Shakiba , Rafieyan Sona
Published: October 2022

Periodontitis and oral cancers are the most common oral diseases in the human population. The early diagnosis of oral diseases allows the efficient therapy of the patient. During oral diseases, resident cells in the affected tissue secrete exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) into saliva. As these miRNAs have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, they have been suggested as non‐invasive and validated biomarkers in predicting periodontitis severity and cancer progression. Several attempts have been performed to evaluate the expression of salivary exosomal miRNAs in patients with periodontitis and oral cancers. Some miRNAs are differentially expressed in the saliva of the affected patients when compared to healthy individuals. These miRNAs are reviewed in this narrative review. Collectively, it seems that salivary exosomal microRNAs could be used as a diagnostic biomarker in oral diseases. However, further studies are required to validate them.
Patterns of DNA mismatch repair protein expression for primary and recurrent colorectal cancer at an advanced surgical unit: A retrospective audit
Authors: Risbey Charles , Fielder Timothy , Steffens Daniel , Shin Joo‐Shik , Solomon Michael
Published: October 2022

Aim

Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with an increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and characterized by germline mutations to one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing is used to screen for Lynch syndrome; however, despite routine completion following resection of primary CRC, it is only variably completed following resection of recurrent disease. This may be significant, as MMR protein expression can change from primary to recurrent CRC. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how MMR profiles change from primary to recurrent CRC; the secondary aim is to assess rates of MMR testing of primary and recurrent disease.

Method

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgery for recurrent CRC from 2018–19 at a high‐volume institution. MMR profiles were obtained following both primary and recurrent resection of CRC, and MMR protein expression was evaluated from both time points.

Results

A total of 107 patients met the inclusion criteria and IHC results were obtained for both primary and recurrent resections in 85 cases. MMR profiles changed in nine patients (10.6%), with a loss of staining from primary to recurrent disease in six (7.1%) and a gain of staining in three (3.5%). IHC testing was completed following 88.7% of primary and 39.3% of recurrent resections.

Conclusion

MMR profiles can change from primary to recurrent CRC and repeat MMR testing for recurrent CRC is completed in only a minority of cases.
Cell adhesion proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates prenatally exposed to Zika virus: A case–control study
Authors: Ramos Clara L. , Nascimento‐Carvalho Eduardo C. , Nascimento‐Carvalho Gustavo C. , VanDuijn Martijn M. , Vilas‐Boas Ana‐Luisa , Moreno‐Carvalho Otávio A. , Carvalho Lucas P. , Zeneyedpour Lona , Ferwerda Gerben , de Groot Ronald , Luider Theo M. , Nascimento‐Carvalho Cristiana M.
Published: October 2022

To compare cell adhesion molecules levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between Zika virus (ZIKV)‐exposed neonates with/without microcephaly (cases) and controls, 16 neonates (cases), 8 (50%) with and 8 (50%) without microcephaly, who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) during the ZIKV epidemic (2015–2016) were included. All mothers reported ZIKV clinical symptoms during gestation, all neonates presented with congenital infection findings, and other congenital infections were ruled out. Fourteen control neonates underwent LP in the same laboratory (2017–2018). Five cell adhesion proteins were measured in the CSF using mass spectrometry. Neurexin‐1 (3.50 [2.00–4.00] vs. 7.5 [5.00–10.25], P = 0.001), neurexin‐3 (0.00 [0.00–0.00] vs. 3.00 [1.50–4.00], P = 0.001) and neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) (0.00 [0.00–0.75] vs. 1.00 [1.00–2.00], P = 0.001) were significantly lower in microcephalic and non‐microcephalic cases than in controls. When these two sub‐groups of prenatally ZIKA‐exposed children were compared to controls separately, the same results were found. When cases with and without microcephaly were compared, no difference was found. Neurexin‐3 (18.8% vs. 78.6%, P = 0.001) and NCAM2 (25.0% vs. 85.7%, P = 0.001) were less frequently found among the cases. A positive correlation was found between cephalic perimeter and levels of these two proteins. Neurexin‐2 and neurexin‐2b presented no significant differences. Levels of three cell adhesion proteins were significantly lower in CSF of neonates exposed to ZIKV before birth than in controls, irrespective of presence of congenital microcephaly. Moreover, the smaller the cephalic perimeter, the lower CSF cell adhesion protein levels. These findings suggest that low CSF levels of neurexin‐1, neurexin‐3 and NCAM2 may reflect the effects of ZIKV on foetal brain development.
Reliability of visual review of intracranial electroencephalogram in identifying the seizure onset zone: A systematic review and implications for the accuracy of automated methods
Authors: Flanary James , Daly Samuel R. , Bakker Caitlin , Herman Alexander B. , Park Michael C. , McGovern Robert , Walczak Thaddeus , Henry Thomas , Netoff Theoden I. , Darrow David P.
Published: October 2022

Visual review of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is often an essential component for defining the zone of resection for epilepsy surgery. Unsupervised approaches using machine and deep learning are being employed to identify seizure onset zones (SOZs). This prompts a more comprehensive understanding of the reliability of visual review as a reference standard. We sought to summarize existing evidence on the reliability of visual review of iEEG in defining the SOZ for patients undergoing surgical workup and understand its implications for algorithm accuracy for SOZ prediction. We performed a systematic literature review on the reliability of determining the SOZ by visual inspection of iEEG in accordance with best practices. Searches included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on May 8, 2022. We included studies with a quantitative reliability assessment within or between observers. Risk of bias assessment was performed with QUADAS‐2. A model was developed to estimate the effect of Cohen kappa on the maximum possible accuracy for any algorithm detecting the SOZ. Two thousand three hundred thirty‐eight articles were identified and evaluated, of which one met inclusion criteria. This study assessed reliability between two reviewers for 10 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and found a kappa of .80. These limited data were used to model the maximum accuracy of automated methods. For a hypothetical algorithm that is 100% accurate to the ground truth, the maximum accuracy modeled with a Cohen kappa of .8 ranged from .60 to .85 (F‐2). The reliability of reviewing iEEG to localize the SOZ has been evaluated only in a small sample of patients with methodologic limitations. The ability of any algorithm to estimate the SOZ is notably limited by the reliability of iEEG interpretation. We acknowledge practical limitations of rigorous reliability analysis, and we propose design characteristics and study questions to further investigate reliability.
Efficacy of antiseizure medication in a mouse model of HCN1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Bleakley Lauren E. , McKenzie Chaseley E. , Reid Christopher A.
Published: October 2022

Acquisition of drug‐sensitivity profiles is challenging in rare epilepsies. Anecdotal evidence suggests that antiseizure medications that block sodium channels as their primary mechanism of action exacerbate seizures in HCN1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), whereas sodium valproate is effective for some patients. The Hcn1 M294L heterozygous knock‐in (Hcn1M294L) mouse carries the homologue of the recurrent gain‐of‐function HCN1 M305L pathogenic variant and recapitulates the seizure and some behavioral phenotypes observed in patients. We used this mouse model to study drug efficacy in HCN1 DEE. Hcn1M294L mice display epileptiform spiking on electrocorticography (ECoG), which we used as a quantifiable measure of drug effect. Phenytoin, lamotrigine, and retigabine significantly increased ECoG spike frequency, with lamotrigine and retigabine triggering seizures in a subset of the mice tested. In addition, there was a strong trend for carbamazepine to increase spiking. In contrast, levetiracetam, diazepam, sodium valproate, and ethosuximide all significantly reduced ECoG spike frequency. Drugs that reduced spiking did not cause any consistent ECoG spectral changes, whereas drugs that increased spiking all increased power in the slower delta and/or theta bands. These data provide a framework on which to build our understanding of gain‐of‐function HCN1 DEE pharmacosensitivity in the clinical setting.
Between the Cape Fold Mountains and the deep blue sea: Comparative phylogeography of selected codistributed ectotherms reveals asynchronous cladogenesis
Authors: Myburgh Angus Macgregor , Daniels Savel Regan
Published: October 2022

We compare the phylogeographic structure of 13 codistributed ectotherms including four reptiles (a snake, a legless skink and two tortoise species) and nine invertebrates (six freshwater crabs and three velvet worm species) to test the presence of congruent evolutionary histories. Phylogenies were estimated and dated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods with combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence datasets. All taxa demonstrated a marked east/west phylogeographic division, separated by the Cape Fold Mountain range. Phylogeographic concordance factors were calculated to assess the degree of evolutionary congruence among the study species and generally supported a shared pattern of diversification along the east/west longitudinal axis. Testing simultaneous divergence between the eastern and western phylogeographic regions indicated pseudocongruent evolutionary histories among the study taxa, with at least three separate divergence events throughout the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene epochs. Climatic refugia were identified for each species using climatic niche modelling, demonstrating taxon‐specific responses to climatic fluctuations. Climate and the Cape Fold Mountain barrier explained the highest proportion of genetic diversity in all taxa, while climate was the most significant individual abiotic variable. This study highlights the complex interactions between the evolutionary history of fauna, the Cape Fold Mountains and past climatic oscillations during the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene. The congruent east/west phylogeographic division observed in all taxa lends support to the conclusion that the longitudinal climatic gradient within the Greater Cape Floristic Region, mediated in part by the barrier to dispersal posed by the Cape Fold Mountains, plays a major role in lineage diversification and population differentiation.
Stratum corneum cytokine levels in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Nguyen Anh Ly , Kezic Sanja , Vermeer Maarten , Quint Koen , Slieker Roderick , van Doorn Remco , Rustemeyer Thomas
Published: October 2022

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is characterised by malignant CD4+ T‐cell infiltrates in the skin. The functional characteristics of the malignant T cells and their interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment is largely unknown. We performed tape stripping of the stratum corneum (SC), a non‐invasive technique, to gain insight into the cytokine secretion patterns in MF skin lesions. In addition, we assessed whether the SC cytokine profile of MF lesions is distinct from that of atopic dermatitis (AD) lesions. We compared nine cytokine levels in 20 patients with MF, 10 patients with AD and 10 healthy controls. In patients with MF and AD, lesional SC levels of IL‐8 and MMP9 were significantly higher than in non‐lesional SC and in healthy controls. VEGFα was significantly higher in lesional MF and AD skin than in healthy controls. The SC levels of IL‐1α were significantly lower in MF and AD lesions than in healthy controls. There was no specific cytokine profile or inflammation pattern that could reliably distinguish MF from AD. In conclusion, in lesional SC of MF patients, pro‐inflammatory cytokines can be detected. As a diagnostic method, tape stripping of lesional SC cannot discriminate MF skin from AD skin.
Are founding families less willing to bear risk? Evidence from the currency exposure and internationalization strategy of family firms
Authors: Anderson Ronald C. , Bergbrant Mikael C. , Hunter Delroy M. , Reeb David M.
Published: October 2022

Although theory predicts that family firms should be less willing to bear risk than nonfamily firms, prior empirical papers have not found support for this prediction. In this paper, we focus on conditional currency risk because founding families can relatively easily influence their firms’ currency exposure. We find that family firms have relatively lower conditional currency exposure. This result holds for both descendant‐led and nonfamily‐led family firms. Consistent with purposeful actions of founding families, we find that exposure decreases with control‐enhancing mechanisms, such as excess voting rights. The findings also support a wealth‐preservation motive, evidenced by a finding that exposure declines with the number of family beneficiaries. Additional analysis suggests that family firms achieve the relatively lower risk by reducing internationalization depth and limiting exposure to riskier currencies.
Do investors affect financial analysts’ behavior? Evidence from short sellers
Authors: Ke Yun , Lo Kin , Sheng Jinfei , Zhang Jenny Li
Published: October 2022

We examine how short sellers affect financial analysts’ forecast behavior using a natural experiment that relaxes short‐sale constraints. We find that increased ease of short selling improves analyst earnings forecast quality by reducing forecast bias and increasing forecast accuracy. The improvements can be explained by both the disciplining pressure from short sellers and increased price efficiency from incorporating information in a timely manner. Although it is well documented that financial analysts can affect investors, our paper provides novel evidence on how sophisticated investors, short sellers, can affect analysts.
Evaluation of sugar feedstocks for bio‐based chemicals: A consequential, regionalized life cycle assessment
Authors: Fabbri Serena , Owsianiak Mikołaj , Hauschild Michael Z.
Published: October 2022

Fermentable sugars are an attractive feedstock for the production of bio‐based chemicals. However, little is known about the environmental performance of sugar feedstocks when demand for sugars increases, and when local conditions and sensitivities of receiving ecosystems are taken into account. Production of monosaccharides from various first‐ and second‐generation feedstocks (sugar beet, sugar cane, wheat, maize, wood, residual woodchips, and sawdust) in different geographic locations was assessed and compared as feedstock for monoethylene glycol (MEG) using consequential, regionalized life cycle assessment. Sugar cane grown in Thailand performed best in all three areas of protection, that is, for life cycle impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, and resources (respectively, equal to −7.6 × 10−5 disability‐adjusted life years, −1.2 × 10−8 species‐years and −0.046 US dollars per amount of feedstock needed to produce 1 kg of MEG). This was mainly due to benefits from by‐products—incineration of sugar cane bagasse generating electricity and use of sugar cane molasses for the production of bioethanol. The wood‐based feedstocks and maize performed worse than sugar cane and sugar beet, but their evaluation did not consider that sugar extraction technology from lignocellulose is immature, while identification of marginal suppliers of the marginal crop is particularly uncertain for maize. Wheat grown in Russia performed the worst mainly due to low agricultural yields (with impacts equal to 8.9 × 10−5 disability‐adjusted life years, 6.9 × 10−7 species‐years, and 1.8 US dollars per amount of feedstock required to produce 1 kg of bio‐based MEG). Our results suggest that selection of sugar feedstocks for bio‐based chemicals should focus on (i) the intended use of by‐products and functions they replace and (ii) consideration of geographic differences in parameters that influence life cycle inventories, while spatial differentiation in the life cycle impact assessment was less influential.
Geographies of ethnogenesis and diasporas
Authors: Gowricharn Ruben S.
Published: October 2022

Ethnogenesis, the emergence of an ethnic group, is pivotal to understand ethnic communities and diasporas, specifically the variety of place attachments, new forms of home and place‐making and the emergence of new hybridities and identities. Despite its obvious relevance, geographers have devoted much less attention to ethnogenesis. Moreover, in all disciplines, the concept of ethnogenesis is used in different ways, while the relationship between ethnogenesis and diaspora is practically absent. This article argues first for conceptual clarification and suggests differentiation of types of ethnogenesis and diasporas; second, to focus on the relationship between ethnogenesis and diaspora; and, third, to broaden the focus to include the environment in accounting for ethnogenesis and diasporas.
Associations between HIV infection and frailty status and its individual components: Are frailty components disproportionally affected?
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Xiaoxiao , Lin Haijiang , Yuan Shiying , Shi Ruizi , Xu Lulu , Qiao Shijie , He Chunyan , Shen Weiwei , He Na , Ding Yingying
Published: October 2022

Objective

We aimed to examine whether HIV infection was independently associated with frailty status and its individual components.

Methods

This cross‐sectional investigation included people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV‐negative individuals from the baseline survey of the Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART) cohort, China. Frailty phenotype was based on five components: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weak grip strength and slow gait speed. Frailty was defined as the presence of at least three components, and prefrailty was defined as one or two components. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the factors associated with frailty and its components.

Results

In all, 2475 people living with HIV (age 45.5 ± 14.9 years; 76.2% male) and 4948 HIV‐negative individuals (age 45.5 ± 14.8 years; 76.3% male) were included. Among PLWH, median CD4 count was 395 cells/μL and 78% were currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Frailty and prefrailty were significantly more prevalent in PLWH (3.2% vs 1.9% and 32.9% vs 27.9%) overall and at ages 18–39 (1.4% vs 0.2% and 22.7% vs 19.0%), 40–59 (2.5% vs 0.9% and 30.9% vs 27.9%) and 60–90 years (8.4% vs 7.4% and 57.1% vs 45.8%). HIV infection was associated with frailty and prefrailty [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.08; and aOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.33, respectively] after adjusting for confounding variables, but were strengthened with further adjustment for multimorbidity (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.14–2.28; and aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.37), and were no longer significant with further adjustment for depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.71–1.46; and aOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.20). Among individual components, HIV infection was positively associated with weak grip strength and slow gait speed, but negatively associated with low physical activity and exhaustion in all the adjusted models described.

Conclusions

Frailty and prefrailty occur more often and earlier in PLWH. However, grip strength and gait speed are affected to a greater extent, highlighting their potential as screening and intervention targets to prevent or slow frailty among PLWH.
The efficacy of air polishing devices in supportive periodontal therapy: Clinical, microbiological and patient‐centred outcomes. A systematic review
Authors: Martins Orlando , Costa Ana , Silva Daniela
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The aim of this review was to compare air polishing devices with conventional periodontal therapy (hand instrumentation and/or ultrasonic debridement), in terms of their clinical, microbiological and patient‐related outcomes in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy.

Methods

An online database search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1987 and March 2021. Selection, data extraction and assessment risk of individual bias were conducted by two independent reviewers. The PICO method was employed to formulate the question: “In patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy/supportive periodontal therapy, do air polishing systems result in better clinical, microbiological and patient related outcomes than ultrasonic instrumentation or hand instrumentation?” Primary outcomes were bleeding on probing, gingival index and/or bleeding index. Secondary outcomes were probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, microbiological counts and/or patient tolerance. The risk of bias was evaluated and the systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO.

Results

The electronic search yielded 501 references of which 14 were included in this review. A meta‐analysis was not performed due to great heterogeneity within the studies. Air polishing devices and conventional periodontal therapy presented identical results in the 14 studies analysed; however, air polishing devices presented better antimicrobial behaviour and better patient‐related outcomes.

Conclusions

Both air polishing devices and conventional techniques demonstrated no difference in terms of clinical efficacy; however, air polishing devices seem to present improved antimicrobial results. In addition, they are also a safer, faster and more comfortable option for patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy.
Fluoride content in paediatric dentifrices commercialized in Brazil
Authors: Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Sena Nara Juliana Custódio , Júnior Francisco Josimar Girão , Lotif Mara Assef Leitão , Passos Vanara Florêncio , Squassi Aldo
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the total, soluble and ionic fluoride (IF) concentration in toothpastes for children since there is a lack of information about this data.

Methods

Fifteen different brands of toothpastes were purchased in different cities in Brazil. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and IF of two samples of each brand were determined (μg/g F).

Results

The concentration of TF found in the fluoride toothpastes ranged from 324.4 to 1466.2 μg/g F, TSF ranged from 214.6 to 1424.1 μg/g F and IF ranged from 108.3 to 1320.1 μg/g F. TSF ranged between TF and IF. Most toothpastes were formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), and only one with monofluorophosphate (MFP). The concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were below the TF concentration.

Conclusions

The measured TF was less than that declared by the manufacturer in all the products. Most of the evaluated fluoride toothpastes commercialized in Brazil showed concentrations of TF below what was stated on the packaging, but with enough TSF to provide an anti‐caries effect.
Assessment and correlation of the influence of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on serum lipid profile and cytokines in patients with stage III periodontitis
Authors: Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Bawankar Pranjali Vijaykumar , Bajaj Vinisha Ashok
Published: October 2022

Background

Interleukins are the markers of inflammation and the lipid profile reveals the likelihood of arising cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study aimed to assess and correlate the influence of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on serum lipid profile and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in patients with Stage III periodontitis.

Methods

Sixty patients with the age range of 35–60 years with Stage III periodontitis were included by evaluating for periodontal parameters such as Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). NSPT was performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Biochemical parameters like serum lipid parameters of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipopolysaccharide (LDL), high‐density lipopolysaccharide (HDL), and IL‐6 and IL‐8 serum levels were assessed at baseline and 6 months' post‐NSPT.

Results

The results indicated a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) in the PPD (2.75 ± 0.41), CAL (3.23 ± 0.56), lipid profile, and serum cytokine levels 6 months' post‐NSPT as compared to baseline. A highly significant (p < 0.0001) percentage reduction was observed in the IL‐6 (35.3%), IL‐8 (41.6%), TC (7.5%), TG (1.78%), LDL (6.2%), and HDL (−21.8%) clinical and biochemical parameters at 6 months' recall post‐NSPT.

Conclusion

Non‐surgical periodontal therapy caused a significant reduction in the levels of serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 as well as the lipid biomarkers TC, TG, LDL, and increase values of HDL. These findings imply a considerable reduction in the risk of developing CVD in patients with Stage III periodontitis.
Multicultural coexistence as a site of otherness and becoming self: A narrative of a multilingual
Authors: Kim Sumi , Brutt‐Griffler Janina
Published: October 2022

Identity is a subject of intense scrutiny in the field of Applied Linguistics. Of particular concern are issues of intersectionality of language and culture in the lives of minority groups. Yet, the empirical evidence in support of language and cultural identity (re)construction of ethnic minorities in Japan is far from conclusive. Drawing on a narrative inquiry approach, the present study seeks to shed light on multilingual identity construction and negotiation in different language contexts, as experienced by Riko, a third‐generation Japanese woman of Korean descent. Our analysis shows that Riko's multilingual identity is undermined in Japan and Korea where monoglossic ideologies are still prevalent. The sociohistorical and sociopolitical context of Japan and Korea does not allow her to have any middle ground, exacerbating the potential for multilingual identity conflicts. In contrast, Riko's US study abroad experience aids her in cultivating a critical and deeper understanding of being a multilingual citizen. Findings further highlight the role of English which enables her to transcend the challenges posed by her ethnicity. In light of our findings, we draw implications for the significance of developing greater global and cultural awareness in language education and academic programs.
Isolation and characterisation of the bacteriocin‐producingLeuconostoc citreumHW02from malts
Authors: Ahn Hyunwoo , Lee Daehyeop , Lee Seongho , Lee Kwang‐Geun
Published: October 2022

Herein, a lactic acid bacterium which produces bacteriocin was isolated from malted barley. The isolated strain was identified by 16 S rRNA analysis and designatedLeuconostoc citreumHW02. Bacteriocin HW02 was shown to have growth inhibition against health‐threatening Gram‐positive microorganisms such asStaphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes, andLatilactobacillus curvatus. Bacteriocin HW02 was reported to be incapable of inhibiting the growth of health‐threatening microorganisms after treatment with proteolytic enzymes; thus, it was indicated that bacteriocin is proteinaceous in nature. Bacteriocin HW02 showed stability against a broad range of temperatures (60–121 °C), pH (2–10), various detergents, or organic solvents. Its antimicrobial activity against the indicator strain,Lactiplantibacillus plantarumNCDO 955, was maximised (320 AU mL−1) midway through the stationary phase at 12 h. The crude bacteriocin HW02 molecular weight was estimated to be about 7.7 kDa. After the treatment of the indicator strain with bacteriocin, the maintenance of the optical density of the culture, the morphological analysis of cell‐structure abnormalities, and cell shrinkage implied that bacteriocin showed bactericidal activity.
Drug use and severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with influenza, 2016–2019
Authors: Parisi Christina E. , Yousey‐Hindes Kimberly , Holstein Rachel , O'Halloran Alissa , Kirley Pam Dailey , Alden Nisha B. , Anderson Evan J. , Kim Sue , McMahon Melissa , Khanlian Sarah A. , Spina Nancy , Gaitan Maria A. , Shiltz Eli , Thomas Ann , Schaffner William , Talbot Keipp , Crossland Melanie T. , Cook Robert L. , Garg Shikha , Meek James , Hadler James
Published: October 2022

Background

Influenza is a persistent public health problem associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Drug use is related to myriad health complications, but the relationship between drug use and severe influenza outcomes is not well understood. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between drug use and severe influenza‐associated outcomes.

Methods

Data were collected by the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv‐NET) from the 2016–2017 through 2018–2019 influenza seasons. Among persons hospitalized with influenza, descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to analyze differences in demographic characteristics, risk and behavioral factors, and severe outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, mechanical ventilation, or death) between people who use drugs (PWUD), defined as having documented drug use within the past year, and non‐PWUD.

Results

Among 48,430 eligible hospitalized influenza cases, 2019 were PWUD and 46,411 were non‐PWUD. PWUD were younger than non‐PWUD and more likely to be male, non‐Hispanic Black or Hispanic/Latino, smoke tobacco, abuse alcohol, and have chronic conditions including asthma, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease, or immunosuppressive conditions. PWUD had greater odds of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, but not death compared with non‐PWUD; however, these findings were not statistically significant after adjustment. Opioid use specifically was associated with increased risk of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion

These results support targeted initiatives to prevent influenza in this population, including influenza vaccination, which remains one of the most important tools to prevent influenza infection and associated severe outcomes.
Complex identities, intersectionality and research approaches in millennial family caregivers in the United States
Authors: Aaron Siobhan P. , Waters Austin , Tolentino Anthony , Rascon Aliria , Phan Cuong , Chen Emma , Travers Jasmine , Jones Miranda G. , Kent‐Marvick Jacqueline , Thomas Hebdon Megan
Published: October 2022

Aims

A discussion of the personal and social contexts for Millennial family caregivers and the value of including complex identity and intersectionality in Millennial family caregiving research with practical application.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data sources

This discussion paper is based on our own experiences and supported by literature and theory.

Implications for Nursing

Millennial family caregivers have distinct generational, historical and developmental experiences that contribute to the care they provide as well as their own well‐being. Complex identity, the integration of multiple identities, and intersectionality, systems and structures that disempower and oppress individuals with multiple identities, need to be addressed in nursing research so intervention tailoring and health equity can be better supported in this population. From research conceptualization and design to data analysis, data must be used intentionally to promote equity and reduce bias. The inclusion of diverse Millennial caregivers throughout all stages of the research process and having a diverse nursing research workforce will support these efforts.

Conclusion

Millennial family caregivers comprise one‐quarter of the family caregiving population in the United States, and they are more diverse than previous family caregiving generational cohorts. Their needs will be more fully supported by nursing scientists with the adoption of methods and techniques that address complex identity and intersectionality.

Impact

Nursing researchers can use the following research approaches to address complex identity and intersectionality in Millennial caregivers: inclusion of qualitative demographic data collection (participants can self‐describe); data disaggregation; data visualization techniques to augment or replace frequencies and descriptive statistics for demographic reporting; use of researcher reflexivity throughout the research process; advanced statistical modelling techniques that can handle complex demographic data and test for interactions and differential effects of health outcomes; and qualitative approaches such as phenomenology that centre the stories and experiences of individuals within the population of interest.
Squeezed out: Experienced precariousness of self‐employed care workers in residential long‐term care, from an intersectional perspective
Authors: Duijs Saskia Elise , Abma Tineke , Plak Olivia , Jhingoeri Usha , Abena‐Jaspers Yvonne , Senoussi Naziha , Mazurel Casper , Bourik Zohra , Verdonk Petra
Published: October 2022

Aim

To understand self‐employed long‐term‐care workers' experiences of precariousness, and to unravel how their experiences are shaped at the intersection of gender, class, race, migration and age.

Background

In the Netherlands, increasing numbers of nurses and nursing aides in long‐term care (LTC) opt for self‐employment. Societal organizations and policy makers express concerns about this development, as self‐employment is seen as a risk factor for poor health. Self‐employment is not necessarily precarious work but can contribute to the precariousness of specific groups. Knowledge about inequities among self‐employed nurses and nursing aides in long‐term care is lacking.

Design

A participatory, qualitative interview study. The research team consisted of four academic researchers and five (un)paid care workers.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with 23 self‐employed nurses and nursing aides in LTC (2019–2020). Data were analysed from an intersectional perspective.

Results

First, we describe that feeling precarious as a hired employee—due to increasing workloads, health risks, poverty and discrimination—shapes care workers' choice for self‐employment. Second, we describe inequities between self‐employed care workers who could (financially) afford to turn to self‐employment as a health strategy and those who felt squeezed out of the organizations due to poverty or discrimination. They more often dealt with precarious work in the context of precarious lives, negatively impacting their health. Third, we describe how negotiating an entrepreneurial identity with a caring identity required material sacrifices and thus contributed to self‐employed care workers' financial precariousness, particularly as women.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that working in LTC is becoming increasingly precarious for all care workers, both for hired and self‐employed, with younger, lower‐paid and racialized women with unpaid caring responsibilities seemingly most at risk for precariousness.

Impact

Our findings urge policy makers and care organizations to develop gender and diversity‐sensitive policy responses to address these inequities.