bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of the Livelihood Sustainability and Its Obstacle Factors for Poverty-Alleviation-Relocation Residents in Tourism Communities: Data from China
Authors: Liu Yaping , Huang Zhe , Chen Jin , Nie Linlin
Published: April 2023

Many poverty−alleviation−relocation projects in China resort to tourism to sustain immigrants’ livelihood in new communities. However, how tourism contributes to poverty elimination and maintaining gains is yet to be discovered. Based on the sustainable livelihood concept, this study constructs a three-dimensional index system to evaluate livelihood sustainability and identify potential factors in three relocated tourism communities. Results show that most resettled residents have median-level livelihood sustainability. Livelihood capital, strategies, and environment contribute to livelihood sustainability in decreasing order. Regarding livelihood modes, tourism−led livelihood takes the first position in terms of supporting livelihood sustainability, followed by outside−work−led, local−work−led, and government subsidy−led livelihoods. Regarding obstacle factors, annual household income, number of household workers, and education levels are shared by relocated households across different livelihood modes. Aside from policy suggestions on survey sites, this study provides a holistic framework and enlightens the generalizable paradigm to the analysis of sustained livelihood via tourism development in relocated communities.
Water Shortage Simulation Using a System Dynamics Approach: A Case Study of the Rafsanjan City
Authors: Shahsavari-Pour Nasser , Bahador Sadegh , Heydari Azim , Fekih Afef
Published: April 2023

Water shortage and its interconnected and integrated management is one of the life crises in recent years. Factors such as population growth, plurality of population needs, traditional farming methods, climate change, and water waste are among the contributing factors to this crisis. The complexity of water sources and consumption systems makes the management and decision-making related to this resource very difficult. This research aims to study the effective factors in the water sources and consumption system of Rafsanjan city and suggests a simulated model of water shortage and its causes. In this research, water shortage crises were simulated using system dynamics. Important variables of the water shortage crisis are identified and optimized using the Design of Experiments (DOE) method. Vensim software was considered to illustrate the simulations of five scenarios aiming at better managing water resources and dealing with the water shortage crisis in this city.
GIS-Based Sustainable Accessibility Mapping of Urban Parks: Evidence from the Second Largest Settlement of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Khahro Shabir Hussain , Talpur Mir Aftab Hussain , Bhellar Musrat Gul , Das Gopal , Shaikh Haris , Sultan Basel
Published: April 2023

Hyderabad’s recreational amenities have made limited progress in comparison to the development of its industrial and commercial sectors. People require parks to unwind from their hectic lives. Parks can be a healthy location to host social events and can enhance community bonds. The evaluation of park accessibility has not been considered over the years in Hyderabad. Hyderabad is the eighth largest settlement in Pakistan and the second largest in the Sindh province. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the spatial accessibility of the urban parks situated in the city’s distinct locations. The spatial distribution of parks throughout the city was determined in this research. This study evaluated how accessible urban parks are to users by conducting a buffer analysis with ArcGIS-10.8. The questionnaire survey was conducted to record the participants’ opinions about the existing conditions of the parks with a sample size of 400. There was a total of 28 inaccessible urban parks found in Hyderabad. The total facility coverage was decided to be 0.80%. This value is extremely low as per local standards. Therefore, this study recommends the planned development of 40–45 parks to reach the standard level of 18% of the park coverage area. This study suggests that government officials should take pivotal measures to better maintain parks. This research is significant in the advanced modern world because natural areas, such as parks, can offer social and psychological benefits to society. The accessibility of parks is essential for the prosperity of citizens and the achievement of sustainable development goals. The findings of this research may contribute to SDGs 3 and 11, i.e., good health and well-being and sustainable cities and communities.
Evaluating Student Knowledge Assessment Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alruwais Nuha , Zakariah Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The process of learning about a student’s knowledge and comprehension of a particular subject is referred to as student knowledge assessment. It helps to identify areas where students need additional support or challenge and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction, make important decisions such as on student placement and curriculum development, and monitor the quality of education. Evaluating student knowledge assessment is essential to measuring student progress, informing instruction, and providing feedback to improve student performance and enhance the overall teaching and learning experience. This research paper is designed to create a machine learning (ML)-based system that assesses student performance and knowledge throughout the course of their studies and pinpoints the key variables that have the most significant effects on that performance and expertise. Additionally, it describes the impact of running models with data that only contains key features on their performance. To classify the students, the paper employs seven different classifiers, including support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting machine (GBM), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). This paper carries out two experiments to see how best to replicate the automatic classification of student knowledge. In the first experiment, the dataset (Dataset 1) was used in its original state, including all five properties listed in the dataset, to evaluate the performance indicators. In the second experiment, the least correlated variable was removed from the dataset to create a smaller dataset (Dataset 2), and the same set of performance indicators was evaluated. Then, the performance indicators using Dataset 1 and Dataset 2 were compared. The GBM exhibited the highest prediction accuracy of 98%, according to Dataset 1. In terms of prediction error, the GBM also performed well. The accuracy of optimistic forecasts on student performance, denoted as the performance indicator ‘precision’, was highest in GBM at 99%, while DT, RF, and SVM were 98% accurate in their optimistic forecasts for Dataset 1. The second experiment’s findings demonstrated that practically no classifiers showed appreciable improvements in prediction accuracy with a reduced feature set in Dataset 2. It showed that the time required for related learning objects and the knowledge level corresponding to a goal learning object have less impact.
Transporting Tenebrio molitor Eggs: The Effect of Temperature, Humidity and Time on the Hatch Rate
Authors: Deruytter David , Coudron Carl L. , Claeys Jonas
Published: April 2023

Insect farming can be an important tool in the realization of a more sustainable future. With a growing insect industry, animal transportation between and within farms is expected to increase. For Tenebrio molitor, using eggs may be convenient as it eliminates the risk of cannibalism, food shortages and has a low risk of asphyxiation. However, there are at least three important variables during regular transport: time, temperature and relative humidity. For each one, as well as their interactions, there is a need to assess the effect on the hatch rate and establish lower and upper boundaries at which a good hatch rate of the eggs is possible. In this study, a total of 20 temperature/RH combinations were assessed (between 5–40 °C and 40–80% RH), with an exposure time ranging between 1 and 6 days for each combination. The results indicated that between 15 and 30 °C no negative effects were observed at any of the assessed RH or exposure times. Higher temperatures did result in a lower hatch rate; no eggs hatched at 40 °C, even after one day. Lower temperatures of 5 and 10 °C can be endured without pronounced adverse effects but only for a limited time (resp. 1 or 2 days). Including relative humidity in the model did improve the overall fit, but the effect is limited (compared to temperature or exposure time) with a slightly better hatch rate in dryer conditions at the extreme temperatures.
The Greta Thunberg Effect on Climate Equity: A Worldwide Google Trend Analysis
Authors: Salerno Franco
Published: April 2023

Public opinion can strongly affect public policy when it focuses on issues of particular importance. In the midst of a current climate crisis, influencing public opinion can be one path to push the adoption of climate policy. Here, the impact of major media events on the public interest/concern for climate change was analyzed. Google Trends has emerged as a valid proxy for evaluating change in the space of public attention, but it only becomes usable after the back-transformation in absolute frequencies proposed here. In 2019, due to the “Greta Thunberg effect”, the duty-bearers, for the first time, showed greater concern than the rights-holder countries, breaking the paradigm that the more vulnerable countries are more worried about climate change. High public demand was created for strong climate policies and other future public actions that must be implemented to avert the current climate crisis.
Beyond Cultural Instrumentality: Exploring the Concept of Total Diaspora Cultural Capital for Sustainability
Authors: Hack-Polay Dieu , Rahman Mahfuzur , Bal Matthijs
Published: April 2023

In this article, we critique and extend Bourdieu’s notion of cultural capital to develop the new concept of total diaspora cultural capital. We build on the limitations of cultural capital, which in the Bourdieu theory centre on materiality and class perpetuation. The article builds on an extensive review of the literature, using the PRISMA framework. We also use the findings of previous research to illustrate this argument. We differentiate between four types of organisations or groups that articulate various levels of cultural capital to build a body of evidence that establishes total diaspora cultural capital (type D groups) as a bounded collective identity creation encapsulating three main dimensions: appropriation, customisation and deployment. Total diaspora cultural capital is perceived as fitting the post-colonial global context through the acknowledgement that diasporas and hosts make the modern world, being agents who create and disseminate culture and economic sustainability through reciprocal appropriation of cultural assets. The research is the first to conceptualise the notion of total diaspora cultural capital. This research significantly extends Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, which fails to capture the multiple contours of evolving sustainability perspectives. Total diaspora cultural capital creates bounded cultural capital that strengthens the agility of diaspora businesses.
Optimizing the Performance of Commercial Demand Response Aggregator Using the Risk-Averse Function of Information-Gap Decision Theory
Authors: Ansari Ghasem , Keypour Reza
Published: April 2023

Power systems face challenges with regard to handling the high penetration of renewable energies, including energy intermittency and fluctuations, which are not present in conventional electricity systems. Various flexibility models have been developed to address these fluctuations, including demand-side flexibility, which offers a practical solution with which to overcome these challenges in all demand sectors, including the commercial sector. This paper proposes a new structure for the participation of the commercial sector in the electricity market to integrate and coordinate the consumption of the commercial sector. Unlike previous studies that had commercial consumers participate in the electricity market individually and sometimes fail to meet the requirements for flexibility programs, this study adopts a commercial aggregator to enhance the responsiveness of commercial systems. The proposed structure includes a mathematical model for commercial systems, e.g., shopping centers, with responsive ventilation systems to achieve demand flexibility. The study also uses the information-gap decision theory to address time-based commercial demand response planning from 24 h ahead to near real time. Moreover, a multi-layered structure is proposed to integrate the flexibility of shopping centers from the demand side to the supply side through a newly invented commercial demand response aggregator. The proposed approach was implemented in the New York electricity market, and the results show that it provides demand flexibility for up to 18% of the nominal level of electricity consumption compared to the traditional system. The paper aims to present a responsive structure for commercial systems, addressing the challenges of integrating renewable energies with the electricity system.
Mowing Improves Chromium Phytoremediation in Leersia hexandra Swartz
Authors: Ma Sairu , Jiang Xusheng , Liu Jie , Ding Zhifan , Dai Demin , Chen Shiqi , Yu Guo
Published: April 2023

To improve the efficiency of chromium (Cr) phytoextraction by Leersia hexandra Swartz, the effects of mowing on Cr accumulation in L. hexandra were investigated using hydroponic experiments. Mowing heights (0, 5, and 10 cm), mowing interval (30, 60, 90 and 120 days), and mowing frequencies (1, 2, and 3 times) were optimized. Mowing at 10 cm above roots significantly increased shoot biomass of L. hexandra (32.9 g/pot). The 90 days mowing interval achieved the highest shoot biomass (62.8 g/pot). The shoot biomass with thrice mowing (67.0 g/pot) was higher than those with one and twice mowing, as well as no mowing (CK). The increases in biomass might ascribe to the changes in endogenous hormone balance by mowing. Proper mowing significantly increased contents of Gibberellin 3 (GA3), 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 6-Kinetin (6-KT), and trans-Zeatin-riboside (TZR) in leaves, and 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA) in stems, but decreased Jasmonic acid (JA) in the leaves and stems, thereby enhancing the regeneration of plant. The enhancement of plant regeneration resulted in the increases of biomass and Cr accumulation. Compared to CK, the optimal mowing method (10 cm, 90 days, 3 times) increased shoot biomass and Cr accumulation by 91.4% and 36.0%, respectively. These findings suggested that proper mowing had application potential to promote efficiency of Cr phytoextraction by L. hexandra.
Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar Love , Kumari Ramna , Kumar Avinash , Tunio Imran Aziz , Sassanelli Claudio
Published: April 2023

Water quality has been a major problem in Pakistan owing to a mix of factors such as population expansion, industrial units in urban areas, and agricultural activities. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of water quality monitoring and assessment in Pakistan. The article begins by examining the water sources of Pakistan (i.e., surface water, groundwater, and rainwater). The paper then discusses the methods used by researchers in Pakistan for water quality monitoring and assessment, including chemical, physical, and biological methods. It has been determined that in certain regions in Pakistan, the concentration of arsenic present in the groundwater exceeds the national and international prescribed maximum limits. The range of arsenic concentrations in the Punjab province can vary from 10 to 200 μg/L, while higher concentrations of up to 1400 μg/L have been recorded in Sindh. In the Punjab province, fluoride concentrations vary from 0.5 to 30 mg/L, while in Sindh, the levels can reach up to 18 mg/L. In addition, some of the research has talked about bacteria. A 2017 study found that the fecal coliform concentrations in certain water in different cities of Pakistan surpassed limits and were as high as 1100 CFU/100 mL. Additionally, natural factors such as geological formations and high salinity in some areas contribute to the contamination of water. The effect of water pollution on public health has the potential to cause harm. It is critical to investigate creative strategies for improving water quality, and it is necessary to make investments in research and development, which could include the implementation of sophisticated technologies and the conception of new treatment processes. The review performed in this paper facilitates an understanding of the current water quality in Pakistan, including the types and magnitudes of contaminants present in the water sources. Subsequently, the assessment emphasizes deficiencies and challenges in the existing water quality monitoring frameworks and provides suggestions for improving them. This review is also of significant benefit to all the stakeholders involved in ensuring clean and safe water for human consumption and other purposes in Pakistan, such as policymakers, water managers, researchers, and other stakeholders.
Leray–Schauder Alternative for the Existence of Solutions of a Modified Coupled System of Caputo Fractional Differential Equations with Two Point’s Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Al-Khateeb Areen , Zureigat Hamzeh , Abuasbeh Kinda , Fadhal Emad
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a coupled system of differential equations involving fractional order with integral boundary conditions is discussed. In the problem at hand, three main aspects that are existence, uniqueness, and stability have been investigated. Firstly, the contraction mapping principle is used to discuss the uniqueness of solutions for the proposed fractional system, and secondly, the existence of solutions for the problem is investigated based on Leray–Schauder’s alternative. Thirdly, the stability of the presented coupled system is discussed based on the Hyers–Ulam stability method. Finally, some examples have been given to confirm and illustrate the conclusion. The comparison between the current symmetrical results and the existing literature is deemed satisfactory. It was found that the presented fractional coupled system with two with integral boundary conditions is existent, unique, and stable.
Chimeric Peptides from Californiconus californicus and Heterodontus francisci with Antigen-Binding Capacity: A Conotoxin Scaffold to Create Non-Natural Antibodies (NoNaBodies)
Authors: Dueñas Salvador , Escalante Teresa , Gasperin-Bulbarela Jahaziel , Bernáldez-Sarabia Johanna , Cervantes-Luévano Karla , Jiménez Samanta , Sánchez-Campos Noemí , Cabanillas-Bernal Olivia , Valdovinos-Navarro Blanca J. , Álvarez-Lee Angélica , De León-Nava Marco A. , Licea-Navarro Alexei F.
Published: April 2023

Research into various proteins capable of blocking metabolic pathways has improved the detection and treatment of multiple pathologies associated with the malfunction and overexpression of different metabolites. However, antigen-binding proteins have limitations. To overcome the disadvantages of the available antigen-binding proteins, the present investigation aims to provide chimeric antigen-binding peptides by binding a complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of variable domains of new antigen receptors (VNARs) with a conotoxin. Six non-natural antibodies (NoNaBodies) were obtained from the complexes of conotoxin cal14.1a with six CDR3s from the VNARs of Heterodontus francisci and two NoNaBodies from the VNARs of other shark species. The peptides cal_P98Y vs. vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165), cal_T10 vs. transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and cal_CV043 vs. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) showed in-silico and in vitro recognition capacity. Likewise, cal_P98Y and cal_CV043 demonstrated the capacity to neutralize the antigens for which they were designed.
Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B Restricts PRRSV Replication by Inhibiting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion
Authors: Xu Yunfei , Wang Mengjie , Zhang Lin , Pan Yu , Zhang Wenli , Ma Wenjie , Chen Hongyan , Tang Lijie , Xia Changyou , Wang Yue
Published: April 2023

Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein enriched on the surface of some cells, including melanoma, glioblastoma, and macrophages. GPNMB has been reported to have multifaceted roles, such as facilitating cell–cell adhesion and migration, stimulating kinase signaling, and regulating inflammation. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the leading cause of severe economic loss in the swine industry worldwide. In this study, the role of GPNMB was investigated in porcine alveolar macrophages during PRRSV infection. We observed that GPNMB expression was markedly reduced in PRRSV-infected cells. The inhibition of GPNMB by specific small interfering RNA led to an enhancement in virus yields, and GPNMB overexpression decreased PRRSV replication. Further studies revealed that the overexpression of GPNMB could induce the accumulation of autophagosome through inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Using a specific inhibitor, we confirmed that the inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion significantly inhibited viral replication. Taken together, our data demonstrate that GPNMB inhibits PRRSV replication by inhibiting the autophagosome-lysosome fusion and provides a novel therapeutic target for virus infection.
The Power of We
Authors: Le Duc James W.
Published: April 2023

“The Power of We” is a personal tribute to the individuals and organizations that collaborated in the discovery and advancement of knowledge of the hantaviruses following the original isolation of Hantaan virus by Ho Wang Lee. It focuses on the work done primarily at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases during the decade of the 1980s under the leadership of Joel Dalrymple, who worked in close partnership with Ho Wang Lee. These early studies helped define the global distribution of Seoul virus and provided seminal information on its maintenance and transmission among urban rats. Other collaborations involved partners in Europe, Asia, and Latin America and resulted in the isolation of novel hantaviruses, a better understanding of their global distribution, and validation of diagnostics and therapeutic interventions for treatment of human diseases. By working in partnership, scientists from around the world made critical discoveries that led to a better understanding of the hantaviruses. “The Power of We” demonstrates that we all benefit when we work together with a shared vision, a common commitment to excellence, and mutual respect.
Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA
Authors: Kanygin Vladimir , Zaboronok Alexander , Kichigin Aleksandr , Petrova Elena , Guselnikova Tatyana , Kozlov Andrey , Lukichev Dmitriy , Mathis Bryan J. , Taskaev Sergey
Published: April 2023

We conducted a clinical veterinary study on neutron capture therapy (NCT) at a neutron-producing accelerator with seven incurable pets with spontaneous tumors and gadolinium as a neutron capture agent (gadolinium neutron capture therapy, or GdNCT). Gadolinium-containing dimeglumine gadopentetate, or Gd-DTPA (Magnevist®, 0.6 mL/kg b.w.), was used. We observed mild and reversible toxicity related to the treatment. However, no significant tumor regression in response to the treatment was observed. In most cases, there was continued tumor growth. Overall clinical improvement after treatment was only temporary. The use of Gd-DTPA for NCT had no significant effects on the life expectancy and quality of life of animals with spontaneous tumors. Further experiments using more advanced gadolinium compounds are needed to improve the effect of GdNCT so that it can become an alternative to boron neutron capture therapy. Such studies are also necessary for further NCT implementation in clinical practice as well as in veterinary medicine.
Fast Prediction of Urban Flooding Water Depth Based on CNN−LSTM
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Yaowei , Zhang Shanju
Published: April 2023

Rapid prediction of urban flooding is an important measure to reduce the risk of flooding and to protect people’s property. In order to meet the needs of emergency flood control, this paper constructs a rapid urban flood prediction model based on a machine learning approach. Using the simulation results of the hydrodynamic model as the data driver, a neural network structure combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and long and short-term memory network (LSTM) is constructed, taking into account rainfall factors, geographical data, and the distribution of the drainage network. The study was carried out with the central city of Zhoukou as an example. The results show that after the training of the hydrodynamic model and CNN−LSTM neural network model, it can quickly predict the depth of urban flooding in less than 10 s, and the average error between the predicted depth of flooding and the measured depth of flooding does not exceed 6.50%, which shows that the prediction performance of the neural network is good and can meet the seeking of urban emergency flood control and effectively reduce the loss of life and property.
Inversion of Nutrient Concentrations Using Machine Learning and Influencing Factors in Minjiang River
Authors: Tan Zhan , Ren Jiu , Li Shaoda , Li Wei , Zhang Rui , Sun Tiegang
Published: April 2023

Remote sensing is widely used for lake-water-quality monitoring, but the inversion of the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of rivers and non-optical parameters is still a difficult problem. The use of high spatial and temporal resolution multispectral imagery combined with machine learning techniques is an effective solution for this difficulty. Three machine learning methods based on support vector regression (SVR), neural network (NN) and random forest (RF) were used to invert TN and TP using actual water-quality measurement data and Sentine-2 remote-sensing images, and analyzed the factors influencing water quality in terms of pollutant emissions and land use. The results show that RF performs the best in both TN (R2 = 0.800, RMSE = 0.640, MSE = 0.400, MAE = 0.480) and TP (R2 = 0.830, RMSE = 0.033, MSE = 0.001, MAE = 0.022) inversion models, and that the optimal selection of feature variables improves model performance. The TN and TP concentrations in the Minjiang River Meishan Water Function Development Zone were the highest in the downstream section and in 2018. Analysis of the factors influencing water quality shows that pollution sources and amounts were closely related to land-use types, and land use in riparian zones at different spatial scales had different degrees of impact on water quality.
Study on Analysis Method and Control Index for Deformation of Super-High Arch Dam Suffering Alkali-Aggregate Reaction
Authors: Cheng Heng , Wang Yan , Liu Yi , Zhou Qiujing , Zhang Jing , Yang Bo
Published: April 2023

Alkali-aggregate reaction can not only cause uneven expansion of concrete but also lead to cracking and even destruction and consequently affect the working behavior and long-term safety of hydraulic concrete structures. Present researches on alkali-aggregate reaction focus on improving the composition ratio of concrete materials through experimental study to inhibit the reaction, whereas there is a lack of quantitative calculation and analysis. In the present study, the problem of alkali-aggregate reaction in the super-high arch dam of Jinping I Hydropower Station was taken as an example. The expansion of concrete suffering the alkali-aggregate reaction was simulated by means of the overall temperature rise in the dam. Similarly, the yield zone, the expansion process, and the deformation change law with the development of concrete expansive deformation under various load combinations were analyzed by using the elastic–plastic finite element method. Finally, a control index of allowable alkali-aggregate expansion of dam concrete under various load combinations was put forward. The research results demonstrated that the control index was 400~800 με. Since the arch dam has a low safety reserve when operating at a low water level, the lowest reservoir level should be raised as much as possible in dam operation to reduce its drawdown rate, thus restraining the adverse impact of alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete on the dam.
Marine Organisms in a Rapidly Changing Ocean
Authors: Yuan Xiutang , Huang Wei , Qin Chuanxin
Published: April 2023

Oceans are changing due to intensive human activities and worsening climate change [...]
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Ion Sources of Soil-Soluble Salt in the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Lower Jinsha River Basin
Authors: Jin Ke , Zhang Qianzhu , Yu Jiang , Lu Yang , Zhou Huoming , Wan Dan , Zhao Cha , Hu Yue
Published: April 2023

The water-level fluctuation zone of the lower Jinsha River Basin is a fragile ecosystem with limited water resources in the southwest of China. Soil water is critical for maintaining ecological balance and promoting the healthy development of animals and plants in this region. In this study, eight typical soil profiles were monitored for hydrochemistry in soil-soluble salt from upstream to downstream of the lower Jinsha River Basin. The results show that the soil water content was low and had a negative correlation coefficient with major ions in the soil-soluble phase. The soil-soluble salt is slightly alkaline, and Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, and HCO3− are important components for ions in a soluble phase. Major ions in soluble salt originate from various sources, including precipitation, anthropogenic input, silicate weathering, and carbonate weathering, and the contribution rates from each end member were 0.7%, 45.1%, 25.2%, and 29%, respectively. The ion composition in surface soil soluble salt is mainly influenced by precipitation and human activities, while the ions in the 0–50 cm soil layer originate from the precipitation input and water-rock interaction. In addition, rock weathering is a vital process for releasing ions into soil-soluble salt from 50 to 100 cm soil layer. Our findings provide important references for ion sources and the eco-hydrological process in limited water resources in the water-level fluctuation zone of the lower Jinsha River Basin.
Characterizing the Synoptic-Scale Precursors of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Southeastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau: Anomalous Evolution of Atmospheric Dynamic-Thermal Structure
Authors: Chen Longguang , Chen Bin , Zhao Ruiyu , Xu Xiangde
Published: April 2023

Extreme precipitation events frequently occur at the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (SETP), causing severe disasters. In this study, we selected the top 100 regional extreme precipitation events over the SETP region during the period of 2001–2020, and analyzed their evolutionary characteristics of large-scale thermodynamic anomalies prior to the extreme precipitation events occurring, with the aim of exploring their precursor signals. The results show that, accompanying the wave train propagating across the Eurasian continent and reaching East Asia, the extreme events over SETP during the summer season are dominated by the background large-scale atmospheric circulations characterized by the strengthened Southern Asia high (SAH), the westward-extended Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), and an intensified eastern Asia trough. Additionally, an analogue of low-level vortex embedded in the background large-scale circulations is developed at least 4 days prior to the occurrence of extreme events. Under the combined effects of these anomalies, the warm and cold air converge in the SETP area. Further analysis also suggests that the upper-troposphere divergence aloft combined with lower pressures at surface level lead to the upward vertical motion of circulations, along with the enhanced water-vapor transport conveyed both by the East Asian summer monsoon and the Indian summer monsoon. All anomalies mentioned above provide the favorable environment for the occurrence of precipitation extremes in the SETP region.
Integral Index of Water Quality: A New Methodological Proposal for Surface Waters
Authors: Silva-García José Teodoro , Cruz-Cárdenas Gustavo , Moncayo-Estrada Rodrigo , Ochoa-Estrada Salvador , Villalpando-Barragán Fabián , Ceja-Torres Luis Fernando , Flores-Magallón Rebeca , Arroyo-Damián Miriam , Estrada-Godoy Francisco , Álvarez-Bernal Dioselina
Published: April 2023

A methodology is proposed aimed at defining an integral index of water quality in surface waters that incorporates the information for five variables currently used to independently measure the condition of water in the Cupatítzio River, Michoacán. The variables considered were the current water quality index used by CONAGUA, the concentration of metals, biodiversity as assessed through the BMWP index, microbiological values for Escherichia coli, and the level of toxicity. The index was applied at 17 sites along the Cupatitzio riverbed in the dry season of 2017. Each variable was assigned a rank, which was standardized to a scale of 1–10 and subsequently multiplied by a weight (W) that numerically represented the degree of importance and influence that each factor had in terms of pollution. These factors depended on the anthropic condition of the area, with a value of 5 indicating the method with the most significant impact and 1 the least. The integral index of water quality (IIWQ) was calculated as the arithmetic sum of each factor considered, generating a single value. It had intervals of 15 points minimum to 150 maximum. Five water quality levels were proposed: excellent, good, fair, bad, and very bad. The results showed that, of the 17 sites studied, the majority (ten) were in the fair quality category, ranging from 69 to 95 points; six were in the good category (96 to 122 points); and only one was in the bad category (42–68 points). With the application of this methodology incorporating the information for the five variables already described, it was possible to assess the water quality conditions in the Cupatitzio River as adequate and the water as suitable for its uses in the different socioeconomic activities for which it is destined.
Primeiros socorros para servidores da educação infantil: intervenção em unidade de ensino
Authors: Torquato Thatiane Marques , Lopes Danielly Bandeira , De Oliveira Patrícia Carvalho , Gomes Rayla Silva , Pereira Pedro Henrique Dias , Aragão Izabella Cristina Silva , Barbosa Lucas Oliveira
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: identificar o nível de conhecimento de servidores de uma escola municipal de ensino infantil, pré e pós-treinamento em primeiros socorros. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa que se iniciou no segundo semestre de 2018, em uma escola municipal de educação infantil de Águas Lindas de Goiás. Os dados foram coletados em três etapas, a saber: etapa1- visita à escola para apresentação do projeto e levantamento das principais intercorrências de acidentes que acometem seus alunos; etapa 2- roda de conversa com todos os servidores para a apresentação da proposta de pesquisa, assinatura do TCLE e aplicação de um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento prévio dos servidores em relação aos primeiros socorros; etapa 3 – realização do treinamento sobre primeiros socorros, reaplicação do questionário para avaliar o conhecimento obtido após o treinamento, por fim, entrega da cartilha e dos certificados. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 13 servidores, sendo a maioria deles professores, do gênero feminino, com pós-graduação e com idade média de 40,9 anos. Pode-se observar que após o treinamento a maioria dos participantes demonstrou adequado conhecimento frente ás situações de primeiros socorros. Conclusão: a maioria dos participantes no pós-treinamento, apresentou aumento no percentual de respostas corretas às perguntas sobre diferentes situações de primeiros socorros. O treinamento sobre princípios básicos de primeiros socorros nas escolas é de fundamental importância para minimizar danos advindos da incorreta manipulação com a vítima e falta de socorro imediato.
A Heuristically Accelerated Reinforcement Learning-Based Neurosurgical Path Planner
Authors: Ji Guanglin , Gao Qian , Zhang Tianwei , Cao Lin , Sun Zhenglong
Published: April 2023

The steerable needle becomes appealing in the neurosurgery intervention procedure because of its flexibility to bypass critical regions inside the brain; with proper path planning, it can also minimize the potential damage by setting constraints and optimizing the insertion path. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL)-based path planning algorithm has shown promising results in neurosurgery, but because of the trial and error mechanism, it can be computationally expensive and insecure with low training efficiency. In this paper, we propose a heuristically accelerated deep Q network (DQN) algorithm to safely preoperatively plan a needle insertion path in a neurosurgical environment. Furthermore, a fuzzy inference system is integrated into the framework as a balance of the heuristic policy and the RL algorithm. Simulations are conducted to test the proposed method in comparison to the traditional greedy heuristic searching algorithm and DQN algorithms. Tests showed promising results of our algorithm in saving over 50 training episodes, calculating path lengths of 0.35 after normalization, which is 0.61 and 0.39 for DQN and traditional greedy heuristic searching algorithm, respectively. Moreover, the maximum curvature during planning is reduced to 0.046 from 0.139 mm
−1
using the proposed algorithm compared to DQN.
Topographic Mapping Capability Analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Camera (MoRIC) Imagery of Tianwen-1 Mars Mission
Authors: Peng Man , Di Kaichang , Liu Zhaoqin , Gou Sheng , Wan Wenhui , Wang Yexin
Published: April 2023

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Camera (MoRIC) onboard the orbiter of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission aims to map the surface of Mars globally and to explore its topography and geomorphology. This camera’s wide field of view can be used to overlap adjacent images sufficiently for topographic reconstruction. This study aimed to assess the topographic mapping potential of MoRIC images via a systematic accuracy analysis of MoRIC stereo mapping based on theoretical calculation and experimental validation. Experimental analyses were conducted using digital elevation models (DEMs) based on MoRIC images covering the Zhurong rover landing area and Mars Chart 11 region. Comparisons between these DEMs and reference DEMs revealed that the elevation accuracy of the former was approximately one ground sampling distance of the MoRIC image, which is consistent with the theoretical accuracy. Based on these results, MoRIC can be used to effectively map the Martian surface via stereo photogrammetry. These results serve as a useful guideline for topographic mapping based on MoRIC images and their application in various streams of research.
Non-Binary Parents and Carers: Naming the Specific Detriment Faced
Authors: Brown Claire
Published: April 2023

This empirical qualitative study reports a subset of findings derived from a wider narrative inquiry conducted in the UK. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six participants: four who self-define as non-binary or neutrois and have lived experience of adoption, fostering or birth parenting and two social workers with experience assessing and supporting non-binary carers. Purposive followed by snowball sampling sought to include participants with a range of identities from this hard to access sample. A thematic analysis was employed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six stages and utilising an analysis framework integrating elements of cisgenderism, stigma theory and Foucauldian analysis of discourse and power. Findings showed three key themes emerged: 1). Barriers for non-binary carers, 2) Prejudice in adoption and fostering matching processes, 3). Intersectional disadvantage. Cisgenderism was found to affect non-binary carers at micro, meso and macro levels, ranging from the interactions people had with individual family members, friends and professionals, to organisational policies, procedures and responses, to overarching ways in which wider cisgenderist ideas have infused and influenced society. The stigma attached to non-binary identities is unearthed and unpacked to contribute to a developing conversation aiming to promote inclusion of non-binary identities within social and family life. The key finding of this study that non-binary people do experience specific detriment when trying to start or grow their families adds to a burgeoning conversation on the wider specific detriment that non-binary identity faces within contemporary society. This paper speaks to the ways in which cisgenderism can subtly and pervasively influence a devaluing of identities that sit outside of entrenched binary gender norms. The findings of this exploratory study are as such relevant not only to professionals and academics working with non-binary carers, but more widely to gender theorists and sociologists across the globe.
Das Erste Helvetische Bekenntnis von 1536
Authors: Engeler Judith
Published: April 2023

Das Erste Helvetische Bekenntnis von 1536 ist die erste gemeinsame Bekenntnisschrift der reformierten deutschsprachigen Eidgenossenschaft. Es wurde nicht von einem Einzelnen verfasst, sondern von den damals massgeblichen protestantischen Theologen im Schweizer und südwestdeutschen Raum. Die Studie beleuchtet nicht nur Inhalt und Abfassung der Confessio Helvetica Prior, sondern ordnet sie darüber hinaus in die politische und theologische Entwicklung der reformierten Orte seit dem Zweiten Kappelerkrieg ein. Mit der sorgfältigen Analyse von Korrespondenz und theologischen Schriften aus den 1520er- und 1530er-Jahren zeichnet Judith Engeler ein umfassendes Bild der politischen und theologischen Diskurse in der Schweizer Reformation.
Long non-coding RNA in glioblastoma invasion: Angiogenesis and mesenchymal transition via PI3K and Wnt signalling
Authors: Leung Dexter Hoi Long
Published: April 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest type of primary brain tumours with a high mortality rate, attributing to high post-surgical tumour recurrence. This unfavourable prognosis is due to the highly invasive phenotype observed in GBM cells, especially within the mesenchymal (MES) subtype of GBM. In recent years, the involvement of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) such as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) have been extensively deliberated in cancers and GBM. They were reported to be involved in the regulation of multiple biological pathways and cellular processes, which leads to increased cell invasion observed in tumours. This review focuses on two cellular processes; angiogenesis and MES transition, which can stimulate the invasive nature of GBM cells. Additionally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the hypoxic environment of GBM microenvironment which are central factors regulating both cellular processes will be discussed. Both cellular processes affiliated with cell invasion are downstream of signalling pathways such as PI3K/Akt or Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which will also be elaborated. Finally, recent studies characterising novel lncRNAs in the regulation of cell-invasion in GBM, specifically via the biological processes and signalling pathways discussed previously will be compiled and reviewed.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kangkung (Ipomoea Reptans Poir) Varietas Bika
Authors: Nugraha Eka , Noertjahyani Noertjahyani , Parlinah Linlin
Published: April 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kangkungÂ  varietas Bika, Serta mengetahui konsentrasi pupuk PGPR yang memberikan bobot segar tertinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kadakajaya Tanjungsari Sumedang dengan ketinggian tempat 1094 meter di atas permukaan laut. Waktu percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2020. Rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuanÂ  konsentrasi PGPR dan masing-masing diulang empat kali. Konsentrasi PGPR yang digunakan adalah kontrol (PGPR 0 g L-1) , PGPR 5 g L-1, PGPR 10 g L-1, PGPR 15 g L-1, PGPR 20 g L-1, dan PGPR 25 g L-1. Pemberian konsentrasi PGPR berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun pada 25 HST dan 30 HST, volume akar dan bobot segar tanaman kangkung varietas Bika. Pemberian konsentrasi PGPR 10-25 g L-1 dapat meningkatkan bobot segar 24,48% hingga 54,03% pada tanaman kangkung varietas Bika.
Populasi Tumbuhan Anggota Famili Zingiberaceae di Blok Koleksi Tumbuhan Sumber Agung DS Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman (Population of Plant of the Zingiberaceae Family Members at Sumber Agung DS Plant Collection Block in Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman)
Authors: Dewy Merty Fertyana , . Indriyanto
Published: April 2023

The Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park (Tahura) is one of the conservation forests in Lampung Province.  The plant collection block serves as a place for the collection of native and artificial plants.  The Collection Block has the potential as a place to grow members of the Zingiberaceae family.  Zingiberaceae is a flowering plant known as ginger plants.  This study aims to determine the population of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family in the Sumber Agung Plant Collection Block, Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park.  The study was conducted in June-July 2021. The method used was the transect method with a sampling intensity of 0.1% or an area of 1,411.8 m2.  There are 4 transect, each measuring 5 m wide and 180 m long.  Sample plots measuring 5 m x 2 m were made continuous in all transect.  The results showed the population of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family in the Sumber Agung Plant Collection Block as many as 15 species, namely temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), laos (Alpinia galanga), fragrant lempuyang (Zingiber aromaticum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), bitter lempuyang /emprit (Zingiber amarican), tepus (Etlingera solaris), lempuyang elephant (Zingiber zerumbet), temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria), white galangal (Alpinia malaccensis), pacing (Costus spesiosus), temu giring (Curcuma heyneana), bangle (Zingiber purpureum), cardamom (Amomum compactum), honje/kecombrang (Etlingera elatior), and wresah (Amomum delbatum).  The dominant population of Zingiberaceae plants is Laos with an INP of 75.809 and a density of 666.6 individuals/ha. Keyword: population; Zingiberaceae; collection blocks; great forest park
Results of NAEP Reading Item Automated Scoring Data Challenge (Fall 2021)
Authors: Whitmer John , Bailey Paul , Blankenship Charles , Deng Evelyn , Beiting-Parrish Magdalen , Zhang Ting
Published: April 2023

This brief describes the results of a data challenge to evaluate the potential of using automated scoring techniques to score open-ended responses to reading assessment items. The purpose of the challenge was to help NAEP determine the existing capabilities, accuracy metrics, the underlying validity evidence of assigned scores, and costs and efficiencies of using automated scoring.