bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust State Estimation for Delayed Neural Networks with Stochastic Parameter Uncertainties
Authors: Park M. J. , Kwon O. M. , Park Ju H. , Lee S. M. , Cha E. J.
Published: March 2015

This paper considers the problem of delay-dependent state estimation for neural networks with time-varying delays and stochastic parameter uncertainties. It is assumed that the parameter uncertainties are affected by the environment which is changed with randomly real situation, and its stochastic information such as mean and variance is utilized in the proposed method. By constructing a newly augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, a designing method of estimator for neural networks is introduced with the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a neural networks model with stochastic parameter uncertainties which have not been introduced yet. Two numerical examples are given to show the improvements over the existing ones and the effectiveness of the proposed idea.
Propagation Modeling of Point Source Excited Magnetoinductive Waves Based on a New Plane Wave Expansion Approach
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Zhijun , Zhu Lianqing , Liu Yajun
Published: March 2015

The signal fading in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), which is caused by lossy media such as soil and sand, can be reduced by applying technology of magnetoinductive (MI) propagation. This technology can effectively establish a communication at very low frequency (VLF). In contrast to the previous studies in the literature, which mostly focus on the propagation of plane waves, we propose a new approach based on the plane wave expansion (PWE) to model the near field MI waves. The proposed approach is based on excitation of a point source, which is a common case in a practical WUSN. The frequent usage of square lattice MI structure is investigated. To verify the mathematical derivation, the simulation of time domain based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK) method is carried out. Simulation results show that the new model can provide a precise prediction to the MI wave’s propagation, with the computation load being one-tenth of that of the time domain simulation. The characteristics of the propagation of the MI waves are presented and discussed. Finally, the reflection on the edge of the MI structure is reduced by analysing the terminal matching conditions and calculating a method for matching impedances.
Genetic Events That Limit the Efficacy of MEK and RTK Inhibitor Therapies in a Mouse Model of KRAS-Driven Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Pettazzoni Piergiorgio , Viale Andrea , Shah Parantu , Carugo Alessandro , Ying Haoqiang , Wang Huamin , Genovese Giannicola , Seth Sahil , Minelli Rosalba , Green Tessa , Huang-Hobbs Emmet , Corti Denise , Sanchez Nora , Nezi Luigi , Marchesini Matteo , Kapoor Avnish , Yao Wantong , Francesco Maria E. Di , Petrocchi Alessia , Deem Angela K. , Scott Kenneth , Colla Simona , Mills Gordon B. , Fleming Jason B. , Heffernan Timothy P. , Jones Philip , Toniatti Carlo , DePinho Ronald A. , Draetta Giulio F.
Published: March 2015

Mutated KRAS (KRAS*) is a fundamental driver in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Using an inducible mouse model of KRAS*-driven PDAC, we compared KRAS* genetic extinction with pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1 in tumor spheres and in vivo. KRAS* ablation blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis, whereas MEK1 inhibition exerted cytostatic effects. Proteomic analysis evidenced that MEK1 inhibition was accompanied by a sustained activation of the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway and by the activation of AXL, PDGFRa, and HER1–2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) expressed in a large proportion of human PDAC samples analyzed. Although single inhibition of each RTK alone or plus MEK1 inhibitors was ineffective, a combination of inhibitors targeting all three coactivated RTKs and MEK1 was needed to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in both mouse and human low-passage PDAC cultures. Importantly, constitutive AKT activation, which may mimic the fraction of AKT2-amplified PDAC, was able to bypass the induction of apoptosis caused by KRAS* ablation, highlighting a potential inherent resistance mechanism that may inform the clinical application of MEK inhibitor therapy. This study suggests that combinatorial-targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer must be informed by the activation state of each putative driver in a given treatment context. In addition, our work may offer explanative and predictive power in understanding why inhibitors of EGFR signaling fail in PDAC treatment and how drug resistance mechanisms may arise in strategies to directly target KRAS. Cancer Res; 75(6); 1091–101. ©2015 AACR.
Increased and Mistimed Sex Hormone Production in Night Shift Workers
Authors: Papantoniou Kyriaki , Pozo Oscar J. , Espinosa Ana , Marcos Josep , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Basagaña Xavier , Juanola Pagès Elena , Mirabent Joan , Martín Jordi , Such Faro Patricia , Gascó Aparici Amparo , Middleton Benita , Skene Debra J. , Kogevinas Manolis
Published: March 2015

Background: Night shift work has been associated with an increased risk for breast and prostate cancer. The effect of circadian disruption on sex steroid production is a possible underlying mechanism, underinvestigated in humans. We have assessed daily rhythms of sex hormones and melatonin in night and day shift workers of both sexes.

Methods: We recruited 75 night and 42 day workers, ages 22 to 64 years, in different working settings. Participants collected urine samples from all voids over 24 hours on a working day. Urinary concentrations of 16 sex steroid hormones and metabolites (estrogens, progestagens, and androgens) and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were measured in all samples. Mean levels and peak time of total and individual metabolite production were compared between night and day workers.

Results: Night workers had higher levels of total progestagens [geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.65; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.17–2.32] and androgens (GMR: 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03–2.00), compared with day workers, after adjusting for potential confounders. The increased sex hormone levels among night shift workers were not related to the observed suppression of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. Peak time of androgens was significantly later among night workers, compared with day workers (testosterone: 12:14 hours; 10:06-14:48 vs. 08:35 hours; 06:52-10:46).

Conclusions: We found increased levels of progestagens and androgens as well as delayed peak androgen production in night shift workers compared with day workers.

Impact: The increase and mistiming of sex hormone production may explain part of the increased risk for hormone-related cancers observed in night shift workers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(5); 854–63. ©2015 AACR.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Cervical Cancer Prevention in Britain: Evidence of Differential Uptake of Interventions from a Probability Survey
Authors: Tanton Clare , Soldan Kate , Beddows Simon , Mercer Catherine H. , Waller Jo , Field Nigel , Clifton Soazig , Copas Andrew J. , Panwar Kavita , Manyenga Precious , da Silva Filomeno , Wellings Kaye , Ison Catherine A. , Johnson Anne M. , Sonnenberg Pam
Published: March 2015

Background: The third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) provides an opportunity to explore high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and uptake of cervical screening and HPV vaccination in the general population.

Methods: Natsal-3, a probability sample survey of men and women ages 16 to 74, resident in Britain, interviewed 8,869 women in 2010 to 2012. We explored risk factors for HR-HPV (in urine from 2,569 sexually experienced women ages 16 to 44), nonattendance for cervical screening in the past 5 years, and noncompletion of HPV catch-up vaccination.

Results: HR-HPV was associated with increasing numbers of lifetime partners, younger age, increasing area-level deprivation, and smoking. Screening nonattendance was associated with younger and older age, increasing area-level deprivation (age-adjusted OR 1.91, 95% confidence interval, 1.48–2.47 for living in most vs. least deprived two quintiles), Asian/Asian British ethnicity (1.96, 1.32–2.90), smoking (1.97, 1.57–2.47), and reporting no partner in the past 5 years (2.45, 1.67–3.61 vs. 1 partner) but not with HR-HPV (1.35, 0.79–2.31). Lower uptake of HPV catch-up vaccination was associated with increasing area-level deprivation, non-white ethnicity, smoking, and increasing lifetime partners.

Conclusions: Socioeconomic markers and smoking were associated with HR-HPV positivity, nonattendance for cervical screening, and noncompletion of catch-up HPV vaccination.

Impact: The cervical screening program needs to engage those missing HPV catch-up vaccination to avoid a potential widening of cervical cancer disparities in these cohorts. As some screening nonattenders are at low risk for HR-HPV, tailored approaches may be appropriate to increase screening among higher-risk women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(5); 842–53. ©2015 AACR.
Intratumoral Heterogeneity in a Trp53-Null Mouse Model of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Mei , Tsimelzon Anna , Chang Chi-Hsuan , Fan Cheng , Wolff Andrew , Perou Charles M. , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Rosen Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2015

Intratumoral heterogeneity correlates with clinical outcome and reflects the cellular complexity and dynamics within a tumor. Such heterogeneity is thought to contribute to radio- and chemoresistance because many treatments may target only certain tumor cell subpopulations. A better understanding of the functional interactions between various subpopulations of cells, therefore, may help in the development of effective cancer treatments. We identified a unique subpopulation of tumor cells expressing mesenchymal-like markers in a Trp53-null mouse model of basal-like breast cancer using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and microarray analysis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the existence of cross-talk between these “mesenchymal-like” cells and tumor-initiating cells. Knockdown of genes encoding ligands upregulated in the mesenchymal cells and their corresponding receptors in the tumor-initiating cells resulted in reduced tumorigenicity and increased tumor latency. These studies illustrate the non–cell-autonomous properties and importance of cooperativity between tumor subpopulations.

Significance: Intratumoral heterogeneity has been considered one important factor in assessing a patient's initial response to treatment and selecting drug regimens to effectively increase tumor response rate. Elucidating the functional interactions between various subpopulations of tumor cells will help provide important new insights in understanding treatment response and tumor progression. Cancer Discov; 5(5); 520–33. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by Brooks and Wicha, p. 469

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 453
The Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor 2DL4 Expression in Human Mast Cells and Its Potential Role in Breast Cancer Invasion
Authors: Ueshima Chiyuki , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Hirata Masahiro , Furuhata Ayako , Suzuki Eiji , Toi Masakazu , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Okayama Yoshimichi , Haga Hironori
Published: March 2015

The killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) 2DL4 (CD158d) acts as a receptor for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and is expressed on almost all human natural killer (NK) cells. The expression and function of KIR2DL4 in other hematopoietic cells is poorly understood. Here, we focused on human mast cells, which exhibit cytotoxic activity similar to that of NK cells. KIR2DL4 was detected in all examined human cultured mast cells established from peripheral blood derived from healthy volunteers (PB-mast), the human mast cell line LAD2, and human nonneoplastic mast cells, including those on pathologic specimens. An agonistic antibody against KIR2DL4 decreased KIT-mediated and IgE-triggered responses, and enhanced the granzyme B production by PB-mast and LAD2 cells, by activating Src homology 2–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2). Next, we performed a coculture assay between LAD2 cells and the HLA-G+ cancer cells, MCF-7 and JEG-3, and showed that KIR2DL4 on LAD2 cells enhanced MMP-9 production and the invasive activity of both cell lines via HLA-G. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the direct interaction between HLA-G+ breast cancer cells and KIR2DL4+ tissue mast cells (observed in 12 of 36 cases; 33.3%) was statistically correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis or lymph-vascular invasion (observed in 11 of 12 cases; 91.7%; χ2 = 7.439; P < 0.01; degrees of freedom, 1) in the clinical samples. These findings suggest that the KIR2DL4 on human mast cells facilitates HLA-G–expressing cancer invasion and the subsequent metastasis. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(8); 871–80. ©2015 AACR.
Iohexol Transmembrane Clearance during Modeled Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Yardman-Frank J. Michael , Mercier Renee-Claude , Wong Craig S. , Vilay A. Mary
Published: March 2015

Background/Aims: Urea clearance during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is not representative of middle molecular weight solute clearances. We aimed to characterize iohexol, molecular weight 821 Da, clearance during continuous hemofiltration (CH) and continuous hemodialysis (CHD). Methods: Using an in vitro model, iohexol sieving coefficients (SC) and saturation coefficients (SA) were determined with the M100 membrane at ultrafiltration/dialysate rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 l/h. Iohexol transmembrane clearance was calculated using the measured SC and SA. Results: During CH, the value of iohexol SC remained approximately 1 at all ultrafiltration rates studied. In contrast, during CHD iohexol the mean SA was 1.02 ± 0.05 at a dialysate rate 1 l/h and decreased significantly with higher dialysate rates to a mean SA of 0.57 ± 0.12 at a dialysate rate of 6 l/h. Conclusions: At higher effluent flow rates, CH was more effective in removing iohexol than CHD. CH transmembrane clearance of iohexol appears to approximate the ultrafiltration rate.
Sour Sweets and Acidic Beverage Consumption Are Risk Indicators for Dental Erosion
Authors: Søvik Jenny Bogstad , Skudutyte-Rysstad Rasa , Tveit Anne B. , Sandvik Leiv , Mulic Aida
Published: March 2015

This study aimed to investigate the association between dental erosive wear and potential background, behavioural and dietary risk indicators and to assess whether there is a dose-response relationship between the level of acidic beverage consumption and dental erosive wear among adolescents. Of 846 adolescents (aged 16-18 years) scheduled for dental recall examinations, 795 (94%) accepted to participate. All participants completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their background (gender and age), tooth-brushing frequency and dietary habits (the amount and frequency of acidic food and beverage consumption as well as the chosen method and manner of consuming acidic drinks). The association between the presence of erosive lesions and the possible risk indicators was assessed by logistic regression analyses. Of all participants examined, 37% had ≥3 surfaces with dental erosions and were considered to be affected individuals. In the present study, multivariate logistic analyses revealed a significant association between the dental erosive wear and high consumption of sour sweets and sports drinks. The tooth-brushing frequency was not significantly associated with dental erosive wear. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the results are the first to indicate a dose-response relationship between the daily consumption of acidic drinks and dental erosive wear.
Excessive Iodine Intake Does Not Increase the Recurrence Rate of Graves' Disease after Withdrawal of the Antithyroid Drug in an Iodine-Replete Area
Authors: Park Sun Mi , Cho Yoon Young , Joung Ji Young , Sohn Seo Young , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon
Published: March 2015

Background and Objectives: The relationship between iodine intake and effects of antithyroid drugs (ATD) for Graves' disease, especially in iodine-deficient areas, has been demonstrated in many studies. However, it was not clear how chronic high iodine intake influenced the effectiveness of ATD in an iodine-replete area. This study aimed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on clinical outcomes of Graves' disease after discontinuation of ATD in Korea, an iodine-replete area. Methods: A total of 142 patients with Graves' disease who visited the outpatient clinic regularly and stopped their ATD between October 2011 and April 2013 were enrolled in our study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured just before and after the discontinuation of ATD. Results: Median UIC was not significantly different between the remission and relapse groups, as well as among the four treatment groups (group 1, remission after initial treatment; group 2, remission after repeated treatment; group 3, early relapse within a year; group 4, late relapse after a year). Remission rates did not show a significant difference between the excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥300 μg/l) and average iodine intake groups (UIC <300 μg/l). Conclusions: The present study suggests that excessive iodine intake does not have an effect on the clinical outcomes of Graves' disease in an iodine-replete area, and therefore diet control with iodine restriction might not be necessary in the management of Graves' disease.
Cytological Diagnoses of Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Cervix: Common Misdiagnoses
Authors: Li Shuxia , Tian Dan , Li Ying
Published: March 2015

Objective: In routine screening, glandular lesions have high false-negative and false-positive rates. Our study sought to improve the cytological diagnoses and differentiation of glandular lesions. Study Design: A total of 24 cytology slides were retrospectively reviewed. Among these slides, 15 were confirmed via histology to have varying amounts of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) components. The other 9 cytology slides exhibited AIS mimics that had been originally considered to be AIS or atypical glandular cells (AGCs) and were selected for differentiation from AIS. Results: Overall, 12 of the 15 cytological slides exhibited significant atypical glandular features that met the criteria for AIS. However, the original cytological diagnoses included 2 cases of AIS, 3 AGCs-favor neoplasia (AGC-FN), 2 AGCs, 1 case that was not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS), 1 NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy), 3 HSILs (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions), and 2 ASC-Hs (atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL). The latter 9 cytological slides were subsequently histologically confirmed to be 2 metaplasias, 2 reactive lesions, 1 decidual change, 3 serous adenocarcinomas, and 1 SCNEC (small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma). Conclusion: Cytological screening will be valuable for identifying glandular lesions as effectively as squamous lesions if the doubly high false rates can be decreased.
A Very Rare Clinical Case of a Holstein Heifer with Two Vulvae and a Scrotum
Authors: Bresciani Carla , Parma Pietro , De Lorenzi Lisa , Bigliardi Enrico , Cantoni Anna Maria , Morini Giorgio , Parmigiani Enrico
Published: March 2015

The physical and gynecological examination of a Holstein heifer single-born with a disorder of sexual development showed anatomical abnormalities such as the presence of a scrotum and 2 vulvae and an anal sphincter that was positioned on the right side of the body. Also, an early pregnancy was diagnosed. Cytogenetic and hormone analysis was requested, and the animal showed normal female metaphases (60,XX) and hormonal profiles. However, in gross anatomy and histological examinations, a structure compatible with a penis, the absence of a uterine body, 2 exophytic structures, and a septum in the vagina were detected.
The Impact of the Bellagio Report on Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People: Scientific and Policy Aspects and the International Network of Centers for Genetics, Nutrition and Fitness for Health
Authors: Simopoulos Artemis P.
Published: March 2015

The Bellagio Report on Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People was the result of a meeting held at the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center in the fall of 2012. The meeting was science based but policy oriented. The Bellagio Report concluded that: (1) sugar consumption, especially in the form of high-energy fructose in soft drinks, poses a major and insidious health threat, particularly for children; (2) current diets in most populations, albeit with regional differences, are deficient in omega-3 fatty acids but too high in omega-6 fatty acid intake, and (3) not all calories are the same since calories from different sources (i.e. glucose or fructose or omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acids) have different metabolic and neurohormonal effects. This paper summarizes the scientific progress and policy actions that have occurred in these three areas. Genetic variation in populations and gene-nutrient interactions are fundamental concepts that need to be taken into consideration in growth and development and in the prevention and management of chronic noncommunicable diseases since there is enormous variation in both the frequency of genetic variants and dietary composition worldwide. Furthermore, this paper updates the Bellagio Report in terms of the scientific and policy aspects, both of which have expanded over the past 2 years, and describes the progress made in establishing an International Network of Centers for Genetics, Nutrition and Fitness for Health.
Squamous Carcinoma of the Lung Presenting as Migraine-Type Headache: A Case Report
Authors: Waran Eswaran
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Orthostatic hypotension has long been recognised as a paraneoplastic effect of lung cancer. Lung cancer presenting with orthostatic hypotension and migraine-type headaches has not been previously described in the literature. Case Report: A 62-year-old Caucasian male presented with headaches, typical of his migraine, after a 30-year migraine-free period. An examination revealed a significant postural drop in BP with reflex tachycardia and no other features of dysautonomia. Investigations showed a metastatic squamous cell lung cancer. Pharmacological treatment of orthostatic hypotension resolved the migraine-type headaches. Discussion: Orthostatic hypotension is associated with lung cancer. Prompt pharmacological treatment in patients not responding to non-pharmacological therapy can provide relief from disabling symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. In this patient, this included symptoms consistent with migraine-type headaches.
Severe Generalized Weakness, Paralysis, and Aphasia following Administration of Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin during FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy
Authors: Chandar Manisha , de Wilton Marsh Robert
Published: March 2015

Background: Irinotecan is commonly used in combination with oxaliplatin as a component of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy for several gastrointestinal malignancies. The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient who developed acute paralysis and aphasia while receiving her initial infusion of irinotecan. Case Report: A 67-year-old woman with newly diagnosed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma presented for her first cycle of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. During her infusion of irinotecan, she developed acute onset of generalized weakness, paralysis of all extremities, and nonfluent aphasia with complete inability to communicate. This episode was self-limited and resolved within 2 h. Prior to subsequent infusions she received intravenous repletion of potassium and had no recurrence of symptoms. Discussion: In selected cases, coadministration of irinotecan and oxaliplatin may result in severe generalized weakness and aphasia, which may be triggered by underlying electrolyte disturbances. Careful monitoring and correction of potassium may help prevent this reaction.
Reporting and Replicating Trials of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Abell Bridget , Glasziou Paul , Hoffmann Tammy
Published: March 2015

Background—

Complete reporting of all components of complex interventions is essential for translation of research evidence into clinical practice. Previous work has highlighted deficiencies in the reporting of nonpharmacological interventions; however, the reporting quality of exercise-based interventions for coronary heart disease has not been examined.

Methods and Results—

A systematic search strategy was used to identify randomized controlled trials of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation published until December 2013. Fifty-seven trials were included, reporting on 74 interventions. Intervention description completeness was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. Missing intervention details were then sought from additional published material and also by emailing corresponding authors. Only 6 interventions (8%) sufficiently described all required items within the main publication; this increased to 11 (15%) after searching for additional published material and 32 (43%) after contacting trial authors. Although location/setting and duration were consistently well reported in publications, complete descriptions of the exercise schedule, as well as details about its tailoring and progression, were missing for over half of interventions (complete for 42% and 36% of interventions, respectively). Although some authors (25/61) were able to provide missing intervention details when contacted, others could not be located (20) or did not respond (16).

Conclusions—

Inadequate reporting of cardiac rehabilitation interventions is a substantial problem, with essential information frequently missing, and for almost half of all interventions, unobtainable after publication. A conscientious effort to address this problem could facilitate an improvement in the quality of cardiac rehabilitation delivered in clinical practice.
In-Hospital Stroke Recurrence and Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Erdur Hebun , Scheitz Jan F. , Ebinger Martin , Rocco Andrea , Grittner Ulrike , Meisel Andreas , Rothwell Peter M. , Endres Matthias , Nolte Christian H.
Published: March 2015

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to assess the risk of recurrent ischemic events during hospitalization for stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) with optimal current management and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods—

We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients treated for acute ischemic stroke or TIA in 3 stroke units between 2010 and 2013. Recurrent stroke was defined as new persisting (≥24 hours) neurological deficit occurring >24 hours after the index event and not attributable to other causes of neurological deterioration. Cox proportional hazard regression identified risk factors associated with recurrent stroke.

Results—

The study included 5106 patients. During a median length of stay of 5 days (interquartile range, 4–8), stroke recurrence (or stroke after TIA) occurred in 40 patients (0.8%) and was independently associated with history of TIA, symptomatic carotid stenosis (≥70%), or other determined etiology. Patients with recurrent stroke and other determined etiology had cervical arterial dissection (n=2), primary angiitis of the central nervous system (n=1), giant cell arteritis (n=1), and lung cancer with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (n=1). In patients with initial TIA or minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤5) recurrence was associated additionally with pneumonia after the inciting ischemic event but before stroke recurrence. Patients with initial stroke and aphasia had a lower stroke recurrence rate and there were no recurrences in patients with lacunar stroke. Recurrence was associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality (17.5% versus 3.1%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

In-hospital stroke recurrence was low with optimal current management. Patients with a history of TIA, severe symptomatic carotid stenosis, or uncommon causes of stroke were at higher risk. Pneumonia was associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence in patients with initial TIA or minor stroke but not in the overall population studied. Aphasia may bias the detection rate by concealing new neurological symptoms.
Discontinuities in the Trajectory of Solar Photovoltaic (spv) Technology Development in India
Authors: Devaraj P. , Haribabu E.
Published: March 2015

The objective of this paper is to understand different phases of solar photovoltaic (spv) technology in India and the interplay of scientific, technological, economic, and political factors in each of the phases. There are four distinct phases. In the first-phase (1947-1970), spv technology was recognized as an important source of energy for countries like India. In the second phase (1971-1990), the oil crisis led to the formulation of new scientific and technological initiatives and programs in spv, but due to a lack of political commitment the initiatives disintegrated. In the third phase (1991-2003), several factors seemed to have undermined the development of spv sector. Currently in the fourth phase (2003 to the present), India has virtually lost the race for development of photovoltaic technology. Within the context of climate change and resource constraint, India has reformulated its strategy which has taken the form of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Plan (jnnsm).This paper examines how jnnsm influences indigenous attempts in photovoltaic technology development. The paper shows how scientific, technological, economic and political factors have contributed to discontinuities in the development of the technology.
Global Supply Chain: A Conceptual Study of the Effect of Globalization on Product and Process Innovation
Authors: Skiver Ryan L.
Published: March 2015

While successful performance in terms of cost savings for firms expanding beyond their home boundaries has been well noted in the literature. Other factors, such as product and process innovation gained through this global process, have not been well examined. The aim of this study is to answer four specific research questions: 1) What are the reasons for going global in today’s economy? 2) How can a global supply chain lead to increased innovation? 3) What are the specific ways that companies can gain product and process innovation in a global supply chain? 4) What is a model that can be examined for future research?

This literature review examines areas of human resource management and supply chain management through the theory of absorptive capacity in a rapidly expanding global environment. In addressing the four main questions, this review will present emerging research issues for global supply chains.
Seasons induce changes in the daily rhythm of plasma melatonin in goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Carcangiu Vincenzo , Giannetto Claudia , Luridiana Sebastiano , Fazio Francesco , Mura Maria Consuelo , Parmeggiani Albamaria , Piccione Giuseppe
Published: March 2015

To evaluate the influence of natural photoperiod on the daily rhythm of melatonin, we assessed melatonin plasma concentration at four different times of the year. Ten Sarda breed goats were led to the natural pasture during the day and were kept in a common stall during the night. Blood samples were collected by means of a cannula inserted into the jugular vein, every two hours for a 24-hour period during the vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox, and winter solstice. Our results showed the existence of clear seasonal variation in the daily rhythm of plasma melatonin in goats, with the highest MESOR value in winter followed by spring. Acrophase was always observed in the middle of the scotophase. Robustness of the rhythm was higher in the spring as compared to the winter. Our results showed a daily rhythm of plasma melatonin concentration strongly related to the seasons. These results could be useful to establish appropriately timed melatonin and/or photoperiod treatments for the management of reproductive physiology in goats.
Sex hormones change visceral pigmentation in Eupemphix nattereri (Anura): effects in testicular melanocytes and hepatic melanomacrophages
Authors: Zieri Rodrigo , Franco-Belussi Lilian , de Souza Santos Lia Raquel , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , de Oliveira Classius
Published: March 2015

Melanomacrophages and melanocytes are able to modify pigment intensity on the body surface as a response to temperature change, hibernation, hypoxia, infection, oxidative stress and exogenous use of hormones. This study evaluated the effect of the sex hormones 17β-estradiol and testosterone cypionate on the hepatic melanomacrophages and testicular melanocytes of Eupemphix nattereri under hyperestrogenic and hyperandrogenic conditions, eight days after daily hormonal administration as well as after a 15-day recovery period. Animals were injected subcutaneously with 17β-estradiol, testosterone cypionate or the carrier medium (as control). Histological analysis was used to examine the effect of the treatments. The results show that sex hormones altered the pigmentation of hepatic melanomacrophages and testicular melanocytes. Both liver melanomacrophages and testicular melanocytes in E. nattereri males displayed increased pigmentation after testosterone treatment, while estradiol decreased liver pigmentation only. This study describes, for the first time, the effects of sex hormones on visceral pigmentation of anura, showing the responsiveness of melanocytes and melanomacrophages to sex hormones.
On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: RANDALL ZACHARY S. , PAGE LAWRENCE M.
Published: March 2015

Homaloptera van Hasselt 1823 as treated historically exhibits substantial morphological diversity and is paraphyletic based on both morphological and molecular data. The morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Homaloptera, Homalopteroides Fowler 1905, Homalopterula Fowler 1940, and Balitoropsis Smith 1945, are elucidated. Pseudohomaloptera Silas 1953 is removed from the synonymy of Homaloptera. Homalopteroidini is created for the monophyly of Homalopteroides and Homalopterula; it is the sister group to balitorini Swainson 1839. Ghatsa n. gen. is created for species previously assigned to Homaloptera from the Western Ghats of India, and a redescription of Ghatsa montana (Herre 1945) is provided.
Two new endangered species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from Roraima State, northern Brazil
Authors: Fouquet Antoine , Souza SERGIO Marques , Nunes PEDRO M. SALES , Kok Philippe J. R. , CURCIO FELIPE FRANCO , De Carvalho Celso Morato , Grant Taran , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut
Published: March 2015

We describe two new species of Anomaloglossus from Roraima State, Brazil, that are likely endemic to single mountains currently isolated among lowland forest and savanna ecosystems. The first species, Anomaloglossus tepequem sp. nov. was collected in 1986 and 1992 along a single stream at >500 m elevation on a tepui-like mountain named Tepequém, but was not detected during recent investigations. It is mainly diagnosed from other Anomaloglossus species by its well developed foot webbing, immaculate cream abdomen colouration and small body size (males: 18.2–20.1 mm, females: 21.7–24.5). The second species, Anomaloglossus apiau sp. nov. was found along several streams between 500 and 1400 m elevation on Serra do Apiaú, and is mainly diagnosed from congeners by its weakly webbed feet, males with swollen third finger and ventrolateral stripe formed by white dots, and its advertisement call; a long trill (up to almost 40 s) consisting of pairs of very short pulses. The discovery of these two apparently microendemic species suggests that additional Anomaloglossus species remain to be described in the Guiana Shield. Both species should be considered critically endangered given their seemingly reduced range size, association with highland habitat, and the anthropogenic pressure they currently face.
Description of two new species of Neotanais Beddard, 1886 (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) from KODOS area
Authors: WI JIN HEE , SUH HAE LIP , YU OK HWAN
Published: March 2015

Two new species of Neotanais Beddard, 1886 are described from the Korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) area in the Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone, based on the collections performed on board R/V Onnuri from a depth of 5180 m. Neotanais triqueturus n. sp. is similar to the ‘pfaffi group’ characterized by pereonites with a swollen distolateral margin, pleonites with mid-ventral spurs and tapered lateral margins but can be differentiated by a longer cephalothorax (length: width 1.6: 1), a cheliped with a large protrusion on the mid-dorsal margin of the fixed finger, and the presence of a ventral process on the cheliped carpus. Neotanais brevis n. sp. has the characteristics of the ‘micromopher’ group, with pleonites narrower than pereon, a cheliped carpus without a ventral process, and a uropod endopod with nine articles but can be differentiated by a combination of the pleonites without mid-ventral spurs, a relatively longer pleotelson (length: width 1: 1.5 vs. 1: 2), a uropod basis with one seta on each of the ventral and dorsal margins, and the cheliped fixed finger with proximal denticles.         In this study, in order to prove N. triqueturus and N. brevis were new species, full descriptions and a comparison with the closely related species are given. In addition, comprehensive comparisons with the species of Neotanais from the east-central Pacific are tabulated and discussed.
Proszynellus—a new jumping spider genus from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: PATOLETA BARBARA , ŻABKA MAREK
Published: March 2015

The new genus Proszynellus is described from Western Australia to include three new species: P. nasalis (♂♀), P. wandae (♂♀) and P. occidentalis (♂), the first being designated the generic type. Diagnosis, descriptions, illustrations and distributional maps for all species are provided. Based on morphological characters, especially male palp and vulva, the genus is tentatively placed in Heliophaninae, being possibly close to Menemerus Simon.
Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy as a Predictor for Nonsignificant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Kobayashi Akihiro , Saeed Madeeha , Fox John T. , Kanei Yumiko
Published: March 2015

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can lead to subendocardial ischemia by altering the coronary blood flow and its transmural myocardial distribution in the setting of increased oxygen demand. We hypothesized that electrocardiographic LVH predicts nonsignificant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We performed a retrospective analysis of 406 consecutive patients with NSTEMI who underwent coronary angiography. The LVH was diagnosed using Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell voltage criteria. Nonsignificant CAD was defined as stenosis less than 50% in the left main and 70% in any other coronary arteries. Of the 406 patients, 100 (25%) patients had electrocardiographic LVH and 99 (24%) patients had nonsignificant CAD. Patients with electrocardiographic LVH had a higher prevalence of nonsignificant CAD (32% vs 22%, P = .04) and a lower rate of in-hospital revascularization (45% vs 69%, P < .001) than those without LVH. On multivariate analysis, electrocardiographic LVH was an independent predictor of nonsignificant CAD (odds ratio 1.94; 95% confidence interval 1.12-3.35; P = .02). In conclusion, electrocardiographic LVH is an independent predictor of nonsignificant CAD and associated with a lower rate of in-hospital revascularization in patients with NSTEMI.
Another Perspective
Authors: Hebert David G.
Published: March 2015

Soldiers deserve respect for their courageous sacrifices, and a strong military is necessary to the safety of any nation, but militarism—excessive emphasis on the military and its interests—threatens the cultural balance of society. Militarism endangers the quality of school music education due to its tendencies to (1) encourage allocation of a disproportionate share of funds to military projects, (2) emphasize practical skill development (rather than creativity and critical thinking) in schools, and (3) promote patriotic songs, thereby narrowing/distorting the music curriculum. Military leaders and scholars have noted an increase of militarism in the United States since 9/11. The U.S. military remains large and well funded while schools are underfunded and arts programs are targeted for cuts as educational policy emphasizes literacy and numeracy.
Adaptive motion and force tracking control for nonholonomic dynamic systems subject to affine constraints
Authors: Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang
Published: March 2015

Motion and force control is an issue of great practical importance to the mechanical industry. This paper investigates the problem of modeling and position/force tracking for nonholonomic dynamic systems with affine constraints (NDSAC). The rigorous derivation of the dynamic model is given and a reduced dynamic model, which is suitable for control design, is developed. We consider two cases: (i) the reference signal and its time derivative are zero and (ii) the time derivative of reference signal is varying. In the first case, a continuous estimator and an adaptive control law to account for parametric uncertainties are proposed. In the second case, another adaptive control algorithm is developed. In both cases, the motion tracking error and its time derivative converge to zero, and the tracking error of Lagrangian multiplier is bounded with a controllable bound. The efficiency of the controller is demonstrated by a mechanics system: a boat on a running river.
The relation between contingency preference and imitation in 6–8-month-old infants
Authors: Klein-Radukic Sarah , Zmyj Norbert
Published: March 2015

Detecting self-generated actions and imitating other-generated actions are important abilities in order to interact with others. The relationship between these domains was investigated in 6–8-month-old infants. In a contingency-preference task, infants observed their own legs on a real-time and a delayed video display. In an imitation task, the experimenter demonstrated a three-step action directed at a puppet mouse. The Cognitive Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development was administered in order to control for the infants’ cognitive developmental status. A negative correlation was found between the proportion of time spent looking at the delayed display in the contingency-preference task and the imitation score in the imitation task. This indicates that the lower the infants’ preference for the delayed video image, the more likely they were to imitate. The correlation between contingency preference and imitation remained even after controlling for cognitive developmental status. Thus, a basic interest in high contingency might underlie the preference for observing self-generated actions and imitating other-generated actions.
Combined procedure of heart transplantation and ascending aorta replacement
Authors: de Castro João Gonçalves , Estefanía Rafael Hernández , Delgado Cristian , del Barrio Loreto García , Rábago Gregorio
Published: March 2015

Concomitant heart transplantation and ascending aorta replacement is infrequent. In the few cases where this simultaneous procedure was performed, most patients were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. We report the combined procedure of heart transplantation and ascending aorta replacement using the donor’s ascending aorta, in a 70-year-old man who was not diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. This combined procedure can be performed successfully, providing a potentially life-saving heart transplant for patients with aortic disease of different etiologies.
Why do smartphone shoppers help others on websites? The effects of attachments on reciprocal altruism
Authors: Kim Myung Ja , Chung Namho , Lee Choong-Ki , Preis Michael W.
Published: March 2015

Why do people help others on mobile shopping sites, even when members have never met? To answer the research question, this study applies attachment theory to investigate the relationships between formation variables (trust, enjoyment, and timesaving), transfer variables (site, group, and interpersonal attachments), and an outcome variable (reciprocal altruism). An online survey was conducted of shoppers who had purchased tourism products with smartphones. The results show that trust, enjoyment, and timesaving have significant effects on site attachment, which, in turn, have a significant effect on both group and interpersonal attachments. Interpersonal attachment also has a highly significant effect on group attachment. Reciprocal altruism is influenced by both site and interpersonal attachments. The findings not only provide theoretical contributions to the tourism literature but also practical contributions to the tourism industry.
Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis and dopamine partial agonist: A retrospective survey of failure of switching to aripiprazole in schizophrenia
Authors: Takase Masayuki , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Oda Yasunori , Kimura Hiroshi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Iyo Masaomi
Published: March 2015

The administration of aripiprazole (ARI), a dopamine partial agonist, could provoke abrupt psychotic worsening in patients with schizophrenia. We explored the relationship between this psychotic worsening and dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP), which is a clinically vulnerable state. We conducted a retrospective investigation for 264 patients whose treatment medication was switched to ARI from other antipsychotics. We divided the patients into the DSP(+) group with a history of DSP episode(s) ( N = 70) and the DSP(–) group without such a history ( N = 194), and then compared the clinical factors relevant to the success or failure of the switch to ARI between them. The results revealed that patients in the DSP(+) group experienced psychotic worsening following the switch to ARI with a significant higher rate compared to the DSP(–) group (23% vs. 8%, P < 0.01). Moreover, the dosages of the drugs before the ARI introduction in the patients experiencing the psychotic worsening in the DSP (-) group were higher than those in other patients of the group. Our findings suggest that patients who receive high dosages of antipsychotic drugs form overt or covert DSP and such state is highly associated with psychotic worsening following ARI treatment.
Learning ability is a key outcome determinant of GSK-3 inhibition on visuospatial memory in rats
Authors: Storozheva Zinaida I , Gruden Marina A , Proshin Andrey T , Sewell Robert DE
Published: March 2015

Learning aptitude has never been a focus of visuospatial performance studies, particularly on memory consolidation and reconsolidation. The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of learning ability on memory consolidation/reconsolidation following inhibition of glucose synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) by 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8). The anxiety-like nature of rats was characterized in the elevated plus maze. The rats were then trained for four days in the Morris water maze (MWM) and classified as ‘superior’, ‘intermediate’ or ‘inferior’ learners. There were no major differences between superior, intermediate or inferior learners with respect to anxiety which might have influenced learning. After training (day-5), TDZD-8 (2.0 mg/kg) was administered and half of the cohort were exposed to a MWM retrieval trial. Ten days later, animals were subjected to repeated MWM learning. TDZD-8 without a retrieval trial impaired subsequent reconsolidation in inferior learners, but enhanced it in superior learners. There was no modification of performance in intermediate learners. In TDZD-8-treated subjects exposed to retrieval, the pattern of outcomes was identical whereby impairment of reconsolidation occurred in inferior learners, enhancement occurred in superior learners but there was no modification of performance in intermediate learners. Thus, learning ability was a key determinant of the qualitative outcome from GSK-3 inhibition on visuospatial memory.