bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Penicilliosis Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients in Eastern China
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhang Renfang , Shen Yinzhong , Liu Li , Qi Tangkai , Wang Zhenyan , Song Wei , Tang Yang , Lu Hongzhou
Published: March 2017

Talaromyces marneffei infection is increasingly observed in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in eastern China, a nonendemic area. This study aimed to draw the clinician's attention to this disease by presenting the clinical characteristics and prognosis of penicilliosis among HIV-infected patients from this region. We retrospectively analyzed HIV-infected patients with culture-proven T. marneffei infection admitted during January 1, 2014–December 31, 2015, at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. A total of 48 patients with confirmed HIV infection and penicilliosis were enrolled, which accounted for a mean of 3.2% (95% confidence interval: 2.4–4.2%) of yearly HIV infection admissions among patients from eastern China. Symptoms included fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints, whereas the most common sign was skin lesions. Anemia occurred in 87.5% (42/48) of the patients. The overall mortality rate was 16.7%. Low CD4 T-cell count and hemoglobin level were correlated with mortality. Based on these results, we concluded that penicilliosis should be considered in HIV-infected patients from eastern China who present with fever, cutaneous lesions, and anemia. The clinical characters and the prognosis of patients with penicilliosis are similar to those in endemic areas. More attention should be paid to penicilliosis patients with low CD4 T-cell count and/or low hemoglobin level.
Antibody Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax and Prospective Risk of Plasmodium spp. Infection Postpartum
Authors: McLean Alistair R. D. , Boel Machteld , McGready Rose , Ataide Ricardo , Drew Damien , Tsuboi Takafumi , Beeson James G. , Nosten François , Simpson Julie A. , Fowkes Freya J. I.
Published: March 2017

Postpartum women may have an altered susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The relationship between naturally acquired malarial immunity and susceptibility to malaria postpartum is yet to be determined. IgG levels were measured against P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens from delivery in 201 postpartum and 201 nonpregnant controls over 12 weeks. Associations between time-varying antibody levels and time to first microscopically confirmed species-specific infection were determined by Cox regression. Associations between antibody levels and prospective risk of Plasmodium infection were similar in postpartum and control women. A 2-fold increase in P. falciparum antibody levels was associated with increased prospective risk of P. falciparum infection (hazard ratio [HR] range = 1.37–1.94). Antibody levels against most P. vivax antigens displayed no association with prospective risk of P. vivax infection (HR range = 1.02–1.05) with the exception of PvMSP119 antibodies that were weakly associated with prospective risk of P. vivax infection (HR = 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.28) per 2-fold increase in levels). Associations between antibody levels and prospective risk of infection attenuated when adjusted for documented retrospective exposure. Serology may be a useful tool to predict and monitor women at increased risk of P. falciparum infection postpartum, particularly in the absence of a detailed history of retrospective infections.
American Aedes vexans Mosquitoes are Competent Vectors of Zika Virus
Authors: Gendernalik Alex , Weger-Lucarelli James , Garcia Luna Selene M. , Fauver Joseph R. , Rückert Claudia , Murrieta Reyes A. , Bergren Nicholas , Samaras Demitrios , Nguyen Chilinh , Kading Rebekah C. , Ebel Gregory D.
Published: March 2017

Starting in 2013–2014, the Americas have experienced a massive outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) which has now reached at least 49 countries. Although most cases have occurred in South America and the Caribbean, imported and autochthonous cases have occurred in the United States. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are known vectors of ZIKV. Little is known about the potential for temperate Aedes mosquitoes to transmit ZIKV. Aedes vexans has a worldwide distribution, is highly abundant in particular localities, aggressively bites humans, and is a competent vector of several arboviruses. However, it is not clear whether Ae. vexans mosquitoes are competent to transmit ZIKV. To determine the vector competence of Ae. vexans for ZIKV, wild-caught mosquitoes were exposed to an infectious bloodmeal containing a ZIKV strain isolated during the current outbreak. Approximately 80% of 148 mosquitoes tested became infected by ZIKV, and approximately 5% transmitted infectious virus after 14 days of extrinsic incubation. These results establish that Ae. vexans are competent ZIKV vectors. Their relative importance as vectors (i.e., their vectorial capacity) depends on feeding behavior, longevity, and other factors that are likely to vary in ecologically distinct environments.
ELECTRIC WINDSHIELD WASHER SWITCH
Authors:   Circuit Protection and Switch Device Committee
Published: March 2017
Streamlining the Process of Communicating and Recording the Gender of the Newborn Child in the Labor Room
Authors: Arya SK , Tadia VK , Sahran, Deepti
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The article tries to streamline the process of communicating and recording the gender of newborn in the birth certificate in the labor room.

Design

Descriptive.

Materials and methods

Redesigning of the process of recording gender in hospital information system (HIS) module/e-birth module using process mapping and feedback from stakeholders.

Results

There were instances of discrepancy in verbally communicating the gender of newborn soon after the birth and the gender being recorded in the birth certificate issued in the labor room. Soon after these instances were reported, the process was examined and redesigned. After implementation of the redesigned process, follow-up was done and it was noted that there had been no further instances of discrepancies in communication of sex of the newborn child and recording of gender in the birth certificate. However, to institutionalize the change and to prevent any further mishaps in future and to eliminate chances of all possible human errors, it was decided that the whole process will be retested and all possible loopholes will be identified, with the aim to create a process which achieves the objective of elimination of all possible human errors (mistake-proofing). Initially, the process mapping was done. Later, the new process of recording birth-related information including gender was codified and implemented. The follow-up was again done post this intervention. It was found that systemic changes had streamlined the process. This had resulted not only in right gender recording and elimination of possibility of any errors, but also in reduction of number of visits by patients to labor room to get birth certificate.

Conclusion

Investigation of errors and redesigning of processes help in rooting out various defects in the system. Therefore, all the acts of omission/commission resulting in undesirable outcomes should be used as opportunities for overall improvement rather than to find fault of erring employees. As in this case, the overall approach was to improve the existing system leading to elimination of chances of any mistake and streamlining operations leading to desired outcomes.

How to cite this article

Sahran D, Tadia VK, Arya SK. Streamlining the Process of Communicating and Recording the Gender of the Newborn Child in the Labor Room. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):66-69.
In Pursuit of Holistic Green Health Care Facilities
Authors: Chandrashekhar R
Published: March 2017

How to cite this article

Chandrashekhar R. In Pursuit of Holistic Green Health Care Facilities. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):114-117.
A globally calibrated scheme for generating daily meteorology from
monthly statistics: Global-WGEN (GWGEN) v1.0
Authors: Sommer Philipp S. , Kaplan Jed O.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. While a wide range of earth system processes occur at daily and even sub-daily timescales, many global vegetation and other terrestrial dynamics models historically used monthly meteorological forcing, both to reduce computational demand and because global datasets were lacking. Recently, dynamic land surface modeling has moved towards resolving daily and subdaily processes, and global datasets containg daily or sub-daily meteorology have become available. These meteorological datasets, however, cover only the instrumental era of the last ca. 120 years at best, are subject to considerable uncertainty, and represent extremely large data files with associated computational costs of data input/output and file transfer. For periods before the recent past or into the future, global meteorological forcing can be provided by climate model output, but the quality of these data at high temporal resolution is low, particularly for daily precipitation frequency and amount. Here we present GWGEN, a globally applicable statistical weather generator for the temporal downscaling of monthly climatology to daily meteorology. Our weather generator is parameterized using a global meteorological database and simulates daily values of five common variables: minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and windspeed. GWGEN is lightweight, modular, and requires a minimal set of monthly mean variables as input. The weather generator may be used in a range of applications, for example, in global vegetation, crop, soil erosion, or hydrological models. While GWGEN does not perform spatially autocorrelated multi-point downscaling of daily weather, this additional functionality could be easily implemented in future versions.
Evaluation of uncertainties in mean and extreme precipitation under climate changes for northwestern Mediterranean watersheds from high-resolution Med and Euro-CORDEX ensembles
Authors: Colmet-Daage Antoine , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia , Ricci Sophie , Llovel Cécile , Borrell Estupina Valérie , Quintana-Seguí Pere , Llasat Maria Carmen , Servat Eric
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The climate change impact on mean and extreme precipitation events in the northern Mediterranean region is assessed over high resolution EuroCORDEX and MedCORDEX simulations. The focus is made on three regions, the Lez and the Aude located in France, and the Muga, located in northeastern Spain and eight pairs of global and regional climate models are analyzed with respect to the SAFRAN product. First the model skills are evaluated in terms of bias for the precipitation annual cycle over past period. Then future changes in extreme precipitation, under two emission scenarios, are estimated through the computation of past/future change coefficients of quantile-ranked model precipitation outputs. Over past period, the cumulative precipitation is overestimated for most models over the mountainous regions and underestimated over the coastal regions in autumn and higher order quantile. The ensemble mean and the spread for future period remain unchanged under RCP4.5 scenario and decrease under RCP8.5 scenario. Extreme precipitation events are intensified over the three catchments with a smaller ensemble spread under RCP8.5 revealing more evident changes, especially in the last part of the 21th century.
Mitochondrial activity detected by cantilever based sensor
Authors: Stupar Petar , Chomicki Wojciech , Maillard Caroline , Mikeladze David , Kalauzi Aleksandar , Radotić Ksenija , Dietler Giovanni , Kasas Sandor
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Our team recently demonstrated that cantilever based devices can detect signature of life in a chemistry independent manner. In this technique, the organism of interest is attached onto a classical AFM cantilever. If alive, it induces nanometre scale oscillations of the cantilever that disappear once the organism is killed. The technique was successfully used on bacteria, yeast, vegetal and mammalian cells. In this work we demonstrate that the method can also be applied to sub-cellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Mitochondria are involved in cellular energy production and are present in most eukaryotic cells. Nowadays, it is believed that mitochondria were originally prokaryotes that colonized eukaryotic cells and that live in an endosymbiotic way ever since. Here we present that mitochondria are also animated by nanometre scale oscillations that depend on their metabolic state and that stop once they are inhibited. This observation opens novel avenues to investigate the numerous mitochondria-related diseases in humans.
Geothermal heat flux and basal melt rate in the
DomeC region inferred from radar reflectivity and
thermal modelling
Authors: Passalacqua Olivier , Ritz Catherine , Parrenin Frédéric , Urbini Stefano , Frezzotti Massimo
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Basal melt rate is the most important physical quantity to be evaluated when looking for an old-ice drilling site, and it strongly depends on the geothermal heat flux, which is poorly known under the East Antarctic ice sheet. The wetness of the ice-bed interface can be assessed from radar echoes on the bedrock, considering that a wet bedrock has a stronger reflectivity than a dry one. But, as the basal conditions depends on the climatic forcing lagged by the thick ice, the basal ice may be cold today whereas it was in average temperate in the past. Accordingly, the risk of mismatch between present and past conditions must be evaluated, and more generally the geothermal heat flux and basal melt rate in the Dome C region, which is a promising old-ice target. Here, we run a 1D heat model over the last 800 ka in inverse mode to constrain the value of geothermal heat flux by assessing a critical ice thickness, i.e. the minimum ice thickness that would allow the local melting distribution at present. A regional map of the geothermal heat flux is then inferred on a 80 km × 130 km area, and shows a N-S-oriented gradient, with a value range of 48–60 mWm−2. The forward model is then emulated by a polynomial function, to compute a time-averaged value of the basal melt rate, spatially variable over the region. Two main subregions appear to be free of basal melting because of the thin overlying ice, and a third one, north of Dome C, because of a low geothermal heat flux.
The risks of extreme load extrapolation
Authors: van Eijk Stefan F. , Bos René , Bierbooms Wim A. A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. An important problem in wind turbine design is the prediction of the 50-year load, as set by the IEC 61400-1 Design Load Case 1.1. In most cases, designers work with limited simulation budgets and are forced into using extrapolation schemes to obtain the required return level. That this is no easy task is proven by the many studies dedicated to finding the best distribution and fitting method to capture the extreme load behavior as well as possible. However, the issue that is often overlooked is the effect that the sheer uncertainty around the 50-year load has on a design process. In this paper, we use a collection of 96 years' worth of extreme loads to perform a large number of hypothetical design problems. The results show that, even with sample sizes exceeding N = 1,000 ten-minute extremes, designs are often falsely rejected or falsely accepted based on an over- or underpredicted 50-year load. Therefore, designers are advised to be critical of the outcome of DLC 1.1 and should be prepared to invest in large sample sizes.
COMO AS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DA CONSTRUÇÃO ESTÃO ORGANIZADAS?
Authors: Iarozinski Neto Alfredo , Docena Alencar Angela Rosi , Maia Alessandra Tourinho
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico do desenvolvimento organizacional das empresas do setor da construção civil. O objetivo é estabelecer um perfil organizacional das empresas a partir do estudo empírico das variáveis associadas às principais características organizacionais. A pesquisa foi baseada em um Survey que levantou dados de 125 empresas. Os dados, relacionados a 17 variáveis dividas em cinco categorias, foram analisados com base em estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram um setor caracterizado por uma estrutura centralizada e níveis de formalização elevados. A autonomia e o controle sob as atividades dos funcionários são altos e bem caracterizados entre as empresas. Além disso, elas possuem um quadro de funcionários pouco qualificado e com alto nível de polivalência. Isso tudo se reflete em uma atuação tímida e pouco flexível em relação ao mercado. A principal contribuição do trabalho para a área de conhecimento é de apresentar um diagnóstico inicial das principais características organizacionais das empresas do setor da construção civil.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the organizational structure of construction companies. The research aims to establish an organizational profile of construction companies based on a Survey. The gathered data of 125 companies. 17 variables related to key organizational characteristics were statistical analyzed with descriptive analysis. As results, this study was able to characterized construction companies regarding its organizational characteristics. The companies analyzed presented centralized structure, high level of formalization, high control and autonomy over employee’s’ activities, low level of staff qualification and multitasking employees. These characteristics reflect in the industry’s shy and inflexible performance. The main contribution of this work is to present an initial diagnosis of the main organizational characteristics of companies in the construction industry.
CORRELAÇÃO DA VARIAÇÃO DA TEMPERATURA NA PARTE SUL DO OCEANO ATLÂNTICO COM O NÚMERO DE DIAS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIOMÉTRICA DO ESTADO DO MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: OLIVEIRA NAYHARA DE LIMA , NORONHA MARCUZZO FRANCISCO FERNANDO
Published: March 2017

Um melhor detalhamento do comportamento da precipitação pluvial, com vistas ao seu entendimento e aproveitamento máximo nas atividades humanas, pode ser obtido com o estudo do Número de Dias de Chuva (NDC) e a sua correlação com fenômenos climáticos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar a variação do NDC no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul com a intensidade das variações de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) do Oceano Atlântico Sul. Utilizaram-se dados de 37 estações pluviométricas com 30 anos de dados e 55 estações com dados variando de 20 a 29 anos, sendo que toda série histórica esta entre os anos de 1982 a 2006. Os dados mensais de intensidade das variações TSM do Oceano Atlântico Sul foram obtidos do Serviço Climatológico Nacional dos Estados Unidos, os quais foram relacionados com os dados mensais do NDC. No período de 1982 a 2006 a variação TSM mensal média variou entre -0,7°C e 0,3°C, a maior variação TSM negativa foi de -1,0°C e a maior variação TSM positiva foi de 0,8°C. No geral o NDC de cada ano cresceu e diminuiu proporcionalmente tanto nos episódios de variações TSM negativas quanto nos episódios de variação TSM positiva, não permitindo assim delimitar qual das variações TSM mais influência no NDC. Assim conclui-se que as variações TSM não causam efeitos evidentes no NDC do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.
DINÂMICA CENTRO-PERIFERIA E ESTRUTURA URBANA NO CONTEXTO DAS AGLOMERAÇÕES NÃO-METROPOLITANAS NO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: O CASO DE ARARAQUARA/AMÉRICO BRASILIENSE?
Authors: Tessari Leandro Marcos
Published: March 2017

Neste texto procura-se analisar, brevemente, a dinâmica centro-periferia e a estruturação urbana, potencializadas pelo processo de conurbação, na aglomeração urbana não-metropolitana de Araraquara/Américo Brasiliense, que estabelece novas centralidades a partir da articulação entre os fluxos intra e interurbano. Para a execução do trabalho, utilizaram-se: levantamento bibliográfico, levantamento de campo, dados estatísticos da Fundação SEADE e dos poderes públicos locais. As ações de planejamento urbano adotadas pelos poderes públicos locais encontram-se descoladas de uma ação conjunta face à aglomeração urbana. Dessa forma, compromete-se o planejamento urbano e regional pleno e integrado capaz de atuar nas novas centralidades constituídas pela lógica centro-periferia na aglomeração urbana não-metropolitana. Instrumentos de ordenação territorial devem ser adotados em conjunto e de maneira eficiente contemplando no final do processo a satisfação e a mediação plena dos agentes e indivíduos presentes nos espaços intra e interurbano em análise.
Resection and Primary Closure of Edematous Glossoepiglottic Mucosa in a Dog Causing Laryngeal Obstruction
Authors: Schabbing Kevin J. , Seaman Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2017

An approximately 22 mo old male neutered English bulldog was evaluated for acute onset of dyspnea with suspected brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Laryngoscopic exam revealed diffuse, severe edema and static displacement of redundant glossoepiglottic (GE) mucosa causing complete obstruction of the larynx and epiglottic entrapment. Static displacement of the GE mucosa was observed and determined to be the overriding component of dyspnea in this patient with BOAS. Resection and primary closure with two separate, simple continuous sutures of the GE mucosa were performed. Resection and primary closure of the GE mucosa resolved the acute onset of dyspnea in this patient. Surgical correction of the stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and everted laryngeal saccules were performed under the same anesthetic procedure. Static displacement of the GE mucosa may occur in patients with BOAS. Surgical resection and closure of the GE mucosa resolved this patient's dyspnea and is recommended in airway obstruction. It remains to be determined if primary closure and subsequent tensioning or scar tissue of the GE mucosa results in further complications related to restricted epiglottic movement.
Effect of Variations in Stent Placement on Outcome of Endoluminal Stenting for Canine Tracheal Collapse
Authors: Rosenheck Stephanie , Davis Garrett , Sammarco Carl D. , Bastian Richard
Published: March 2017

The study's objective was to determine effects of relative size and placement location of endoluminal stents on incidence of complications and survival for canine tracheal collapse. Measurements were obtained on lateral radiographs before and after stenting to determine percent of the trachea occupied by the stent. These values were monitored over time and compared to complication rates and survival. Overall median survival time was 502 days. Six month survival rate was 78%, 1 yr survival was 60%, and 2 yr survival was 26%. Median percent of trachea occupied by the stent at initial placement was 79% (range, 41–93%). Percent of the trachea occupied by the stent at the time of placement did not significantly correlate to complication rate (0.397) or survival time (0.853). Incidence of serious complications was 37%, including granuloma formation, pneumonia, material failure, and stent migration. For patients experiencing serious complications, median survival was shorter, at 208 days, but was not significantly different from survival without serious complications. Within the margins of the data from this study, the proportion of the trachea occupied by the stent at the time of placement does not appear to impact incidence of complications or survival time in dogs with tracheal collapse.
Evaluation of the Impacts of Epilepsy in Dogs on Their Caregivers
Authors: Nettifee Julie A. , Munana Karen R. , Griffith Emily H.
Published: March 2017

Epilepsy is a common problem in dogs, and management of this chronic disorder requires a substantial commitment on the part of the pet owner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of epilepsy in dogs on their owners, utilizing an online survey tool. A questionnaire was developed to explore a variety of factors, including seizure history, treatment, outcome, quality of life, costs associated with therapy, and sources of support. A total of 225 responses were obtained. The majority of respondents reported positive scores for overall quality of life, although scores were significantly lower for dogs with poorly controlled epilepsy and medication-related adverse effects. The median monthly expenditure for antiepileptic medication was $51–75. Despite the considerable financial burden placed on the dog owner, monthly medication cost was not associated with quality of life score. Few published reports follow dogs with epilepsy after diagnosis, and there is a growing need to understand the issues associated with long-term management of this population. The results of this study provide useful information that can help veterinary professionals educate owners and set expectations regarding treatment of seizures and quality of life for dogs with epilepsy.
Clave para la Identificación de las Especies de Murciélagos de Honduras
Authors: Mora José Manuel
Published: March 2017

La diversidad de murciélagos de Honduras, aunque es muy rica y variada, recibió relativamente poca atención hasta recientemente. Nuevas actividades de desarrollo económico y nuevas necesidades de conocimiento, junto con una nueva generación de biólogos de campo, están impulsando la investigación de los murciélagos del país. Debido a esto, se elaboraró una clave de campo para la identificación de los murciélagos de Honduras. El documento contiene: una clave para la separación e identificación de las ocho familias de murciélagos de Honduras, una clave para la separación e identificación de las ocho subfamilias de Phyllostomidae, siete claves individuales para separar las especies dentro de las familias y ocho claves individuales para separar las especies dentro de las subfamilias de Phyllostomidae. En total se han incluido 114 especies de murciélagos, 110 registradas para Honduras más cuatro adicionales esperadas (sin registro oficial) para el país. La clave se ha basado en el conocimiento y documentos generales generados para la identificación de los murciélagos de otros países de la región. A la vez, se ha incluido la literatura reciente en este tema para incorporar las modificaciones recientes en la taxonomía de las especies y clasificación de taxa superiores.Ceiba, 2016. Volumen 54(2):93-117
El Carbono Acumulado en la Masa Arbórea de la Reserva Biológica Uyuca, Honduras
Authors: Mora José Manuel , Ulloa Nelson Saúl , Quezada Banny Omar , López Lucía Isabel
Published: March 2017

El dióxido de carbono (CO2) es uno de los principales gases de efecto invernadero. La quema de combustibles fósiles y la eliminación de los bosques provocan un aumento de este gas a nivel global. Los bosques contribuyen al balance global del carbono por lo que desde la convención de Kioto estos han cobrado relevancia en su papel en el ciclo del carbono. Debido a ello se ha promovido la cooperación internacional, iniciativas y proyectos con el fin de mantener niveles globales de biomasa boscosa y disminuir las tasas regionales de decline, objetivo central del proyecto REDD+. La Reserva Biológica Uyuca (RBU) en Honduras provee varios servicios ecosistémicos que no han sido cuantificados ni valorados, como el carbono acumulado en ella. La valoración es importante para la justificación de su mantenimiento y manejo. Para ayudar a solventar este vacío estimamos la cantidad de carbono acumulado que existe en la biomasa forestal de la RBU. Estratificamos la cobertura forestal y estimamos la biomasa en cada estrato. Calculamos el carbón acumulado en la reserva según la metodología del IPCC. Estimamos una biomasa aérea de 445.6 toneladas (t) por hectárea en el bosque mixto y 212.1 t/ha en el bosque de pino. La biomasa aérea en las 371 ha de bosque mixto es de 165,326  t y de 94,582 en las 446 ha de bosque de pino, para un total de 259,909 t para la RBU. La biomasa de raíces estimada fue de 58,594 t para 318,504 t de biomasa total. Esta biomasa contiene 159,252 t de carbono acumulado solo en el componente arbóreo (árboles mayores a 10 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho). No tomamos en cuenta otros elementos como hierbas y arbustos. La RBU y otras áreas boscosas del país son claves en el balance del carbono local y regional y pueden ser elementos importantes para programas y proyectos basados en el protocolo de Kioto. Es necesario cuantificar el carbono acumulado en estas áreas y los recursos forestales, especialmente en el contexto de la implementación de REDD+. Ceiba, 2016. Volumen 54(2):139-146
RECUPERAÇÃO DE PACIENTES COM LESÃO RENAL AGUDA DIALÍTICA E NÃO DIALÍTICA
Authors: Cardoso Breno Guilherme , Carneiro Tatiane Aguiar , Magro Marcia Cristina Da Silva
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a recuperação da função renal de pacientes com lesão renal aguda dialítica e não dialítica. Estudo observacional prospectivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido em unidade de terapia intensiva geral adulta de um hospital público do Distrito Federal, de janeiro a junho de 2015. Os dados foram coletados a partir de informações do prontuário eletrônico. Foram acompanhados 109 pacientes, desses 19 eram dialíticos, 10 (52,6%) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 54±19 anos. O grupo não dialítico constituiu-se por 90 pacientes predominantemente do sexo masculino 47 (52,2%), idade média de 55±21 anos. Entre os dois grupos, o dialítico apresentou como desfecho maior taxa de óbito (73,7%; p=0,009) e maior valor de Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (83,0 ± 10,2; p=0,0001). Apesar de o grupo dialítico acumular maior gravidade, o percentual de recuperação da função renal ocorreu em mais de 50% dos pacientes em ambos os grupos.
PERFIL DOS USUÁRIOS ATENDIDOS EM AMBULATÓRIO DE CUIDADO COM FERIDAS
Authors: Squizatto Regina Helena , Braz Rosana Marcelino , Lopes Andressa De Oliveira , Rafaldini Bruna Prini , De Almeida Diego Bonil , Poletti Nadia Antonia Aparecida
Published: March 2017

O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes atendidos em ambulatório de cuidado com feridas. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, quantitativo, realizado em ambulatório de cuidado com feridas no interior do estado de São Paulo, com população de 347 prontuários, no ano de 2012 a 2014. Como resultado, houve predominância do sexo masculino (207/ 59,6%), idade entre 19 e 59 anos (56%) e casados (151/ 43,5%). Observou-se que 203 (58,5%) apresentavam alguma comorbidade e 103 (29,6%) algum tipo de hábito, principalmente tabagismo e etilismo. Com relação às características da ferida, 225 (64,9%) apresentavam apenas uma ferida e 90 (26%) do tipo deiscência de sutura, 176 (46,2%) das lesões localizavam-se no tronco e o tratamento mais utilizado foi com hidrogéis (153/ 21,3%). Concluiu-se que o conhecimento do perfil da população permite ao enfermeiro realizar planejamento específico de assistência à saúde, evidenciando a importância deste profissional no cuidado às feridas.
Capacitação Tecnológica e Desempenho Produtivo das Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Silva Felipe Queiroz , Avellar Ana Paula Macedo
Published: March 2017

O objetivo desse artigo é explorar as relações entre capacitação tecnológica e produtividade das firmas brasileiras. A análise empírica baseia-se nos microdados organizados pelo Banco Mundial em sua pesquisa Enterprise Survey 2009. O artigo enfatiza as diferenças dos padrões setoriais e utiliza mensurações paramétricas (Produtividade do Trabalho e Produtividade Total dos Fatores) e não paramétricas (Eficiência Técnica) da produtividade. A Eficiência Técnica é estimada através de um modelo de fronteira estocástica da produção visando captar o impacto de variáveis de eficiência, entre eles um índice de capacitação tecnológica. Os resultados mostram que, na amostra total, existe uma relação positiva e significativa entre os níveis de capacitação das firmas e a Eficiência Técnica, no qual o nível de intensidade tecnológica do setor mostra ser uma variável relevante. Por outro lado, em níveis mais desagregados de setores, as estimações mostram diferenças importantes quanto a essas relações.
Desigualdades Regionais de Renda e as Variações nos Determinantes do Crescimento Econômico entre os Estados Brasileiros – no Período de 1995 a 2004
Authors: Oliveira Melquisedeque Tavares , Da Paixão Adriano Nascimento
Published: March 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e analisar as diferenças regionais nos determinantes da renda, indicados pelo modelo de Mankiw, Romer e Weil (1992), e contrapô-las com as disparidades de renda per capita que existem entre as regiões brasileiras. A investigação econométrica realizada neste estudo está baseada em modelos de regressão com dados em painel, referentes ao período 1995-2004. Foram consideradas todas as unidades federativas brasileiras, e os dados secundários foram obtidos no Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA. Uma das conclusões obtidas é que existem no Brasil consideráveis variações regionais tanto nos efeitos quanto nas dotações das variáveis consideradas determinantes da renda per capita de longo prazo. Esses dois tipos de variações reforçam, de forma conjunta, as desvantagens das regiões mais pobres (Norte e Nordeste), o que leva a concluir que existem grandes diferenças nas condições estruturais das economias dos estados e macrorregiões do país.
DETERMINANTES DA EMISSÃO DE CO2 POR USO DE COMBUSTIVEIS FÓSSEIS PARA PAÍSES SUL-AMERICANOS, A PARTIR DA ABORDAGEM STIRPAT
Authors: Silva Felipe Figueiredo , Rodrigues Lora Dos Anjos , Moreira Roni Barbosa , Coelho Alexandre Bragança
Published: March 2017

Neste trabalho, teve-se como objetivo analisar os determinantes da emissão de CO2 devido ao uso de combustíveis fósseis para os países sul-americanos no período de 1970 a 2010. Para tanto, utilizou-se da abordagem Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) por meio da aplicação do modelo de dados em painel de efeito aleatório. Os resultados mostram que a variável de maior impacto sobre o nível de emissões é a população. A análise desagregada revelou que a camada da população de 20 a 34 anos exerce influência negativa nas emissões de CO2. A emissão também apresentou significativa sensibilidade à urbanização, corroborando a ideia de que países em estágio inicial de desenvolvimento apresentam elevado potencial poluidor dado um nível tecnológico atrasado e ineficiente. Dentre outras, pode-se concluir que a introdução de variáveis de controle representam ganho em relação à aplicação convencional da abordagem IPAT.
Lower Extremity Avulsion Fractures in the Pediatric and Adolescent Athlete
Authors: Schiller Jonathan , DeFroda Steven , Blood Travis
Published: March 2017

Lower extremity avulsion fractures are uncommon in the pediatric population and can be misdiagnosed without proper imaging and/or clinical suspicion for these injuries. The most common locations of avulsion injuries are the ischial tuberosity, anterior superior iliac spine, and anterior inferior iliac spine. Less often, avulsion fractures occur in the tibial tubercle, calcaneus, and greater and lesser trochanters. When treated properly with rest and altered weight bearing, most of these injuries heal without complication. Although surgical intervention is rarely necessary, it has a high degree of success when it is used. However, avulsion injuries are often misdiagnosed as muscle strains or apophysitis and are mistakenly treated with early range of motion. An error in diagnosis and/or management can cause nonunion or further displacement, which may require surgery. Improper identification of these injuries can also lead to nerve irritation, chronic pain, and gait dysfunction. Awareness of these injuries and their natural history is important because healed avulsion fractures may resemble neoplastic bone on radiographs.
The Role of Multimodal Analgesia in Spine Surgery
Authors: Kurd Mark F. , Kreitz Tyler , Schroeder Gregory , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: March 2017

Optimal postoperative pain control allows for faster recovery, reduced complications, and improved patient satisfaction. Historically, pain management after spine surgery relied heavily on opioid medications. Multimodal regimens were developed to reduce opioid consumption and associated adverse effects. Multimodal approaches used in orthopaedic surgery of the lower extremity, especially joint arthroplasty, have been well described and studies have shown reduced opioid consumption, improved pain and function, and decreased length of stay. A growing body of evidence supports multimodal analgesia in spine surgery. Methods include the use of preemptive analgesia, NSAIDs, the neuromodulatory agents gabapentin and pregabalin, acetaminophen, and extended-action local anesthesia. The development of a standard approach to multimodal analgesia in spine surgery requires extensive assessment of the literature. Because a substantial number of spine surgeries are performed annually, a standardized approach to multimodal analgesia may provide considerable benefits, particularly in the context of the increased emphasis on accountability within the healthcare system.
Strategies for Surgical Management of Large, Stiff Spinal Deformities in Children
Authors: Neal Kevin M. , Siegall Evan
Published: March 2017

Management of large, severe, stiff spinal deformities in children can be challenging. Adjunctive treatments used in conjunction with spinal osteotomy, instrumentation, and fusion can improve the ultimate degree of deformity correction. These adjunctive treatments include preoperative halo-gravity traction, intraoperative halo-femoral traction, temporary internal spinal distraction, and anterior spinal release. Each of these techniques has unique indications and individual risks. When the appropriate protocols are followed, these techniques can be safe and efficacious.
Soil Pollution: A Case Study on the Determination of Toxic Elements in Soil in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhogbi Basma G. , Alsolame Amani. F.
Published: March 2017

A considerable increase in the population of Jeddah City and the construction of new residential areas in the last few years has been noticed. Thus, a total of 23 soil samples were collected from three different areas of Sewage Lake, namely, Area A (polluted; the highest concentration of toxic elements), Area B (Southeast), and Area C (Northwest) for the analysis of toxic elements. The soil samples were digested by acid digestion to quantify the As, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn using Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Zn has the highest concentration in all studied areas (4821±10.2 mg/kg for A, 1108.6±9.5 mg/kg for B and 2339.8±8.7 mg/kg for C). On the other hand, Cr concentration was found 872±2.5 mg/kg for A, 1128±5.4 mg/kg for B and 680±3.4 mg/kg for C. These elements were above the level of the quality guidelines (300 mg/kg for Zn and 4.0 mg/kg for Cr). In majority of the area C samples, the concentration of Hg was found below the detection limit. The results indicated that the area A has a significantly higher metal contents as it is an inference polluted area. Hence, it is influencing the level of metal concentrations in area B, and area C might be due to wind spread. The indiscriminate disposal of hazardous waste in the study area causes a significant source of the soil contamination.
Estimation of Multivariate Smooth Functions via Convex Programs
Authors: Lim Eunji , Gonzalez Fanny
Published: March 2017

A new method for estimating an unknown, multivariate function from noisy data is proposed in the case where the unknown function is assumed to be smooth. The proposed method finds the minimizer of the smoothness of a function while imposing an upper bound on the sum of squared errors between the function and the data set. The proposed estimator is designed to be numerically sound by eliminating the dependency on any artificially plugged-in parameters that traditional methods use and by tackling the ill-conditioned numerical settings that traditional methods suffer from. Hence, it is expected to perform better than existing estimators numerically. We prove the existence of the proposed estimator and show that we can compute the proposed estimator through a convex program. Empirical studies illustrate that the proposed method is effectively applied to the problem of estimating the average payoff of a stock option that is contingent on two different stocks.
Echinacea purpurea Extract Affects the Immune System, Global Metabolome, and Gut Microbiome in Wistar Rats
Authors: Wang Chongchong , Hou Yuanlong , Lv Yingfang , Chen Shaoqiu , Zhou Xueying , Zhu Rui , Wang Jingcheng , Jia Wei , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: March 2017

Echinacea purpurea extract, a traditional herbal food additive with dual-purpose of medicine and edible material, has been widely used for the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases, especially for children, old aged and immunocompromised patients. Although there were numerous reports suggested E. purpurea possessed immunostimulatory and antibacterial effects in vitro, the mechanisms underlying remained to be elucidated. This study employed immunologic factors analysis, GC-TOFMS based metabolomics and 16S-rRNA-sequencing microbiome profiling technologies to explore the effects of E. purpurea on young rats, a physiological insufficient immunity status, by compared with pidotimod treatment on young rats and adult animals. E. purpurea treatment significantly increased IL-2, decreased IL-6 and affect immunoglobulins in the spleen of young rats, indicating its promotion of cellular immunity. Both the immunologic factors and the global metabolome of E. purpurea treated young rats were close to the status of mature individuals. Results of 16S-rRNA-sequencing of ileum content together with co-metabolism metabolites demonstrated that E. purpurea changed gut microbiota structure characteristically as a reducing Firmicutes phylum, especially Lactobacillus, and a rising Actinobacteria phylum including Bifidobacterium. The results were concluded that E. purpurea could potentially promote the maturation of immune and metabolism of immature rats, and also affect gut flora structure.
Calculation of Agricultural Drain Spacing Taking into Account Regularity of Water Exchange in the Vadose Zone
Authors: Nikolskii-Gavrilov I. , Pchyolkin V. V. , Landeros-Sánchez C. , Saul Montero-Aguirre
Published: March 2017

Conventional analytical formulae for calculation of subsurface drain spacing for maintaining a desired water table depth in agricultural areas, such as Hooghoudt’s formula, are based on using the ratio between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks and the groundwater recharge rate q. It is well known that selection of the q value as one of the principle drainage criterion is one of the problems of the drain spacing calculation. In this paper, it is illustrated that for steady state conditions and, in case of homogeneous soil profile, the ratio q/Ks can be substituted by an analytical function that takes into account the regularity of infiltration through the vadose zone. This function can be derived from the soil moisture content in the root zone and other well-known hydrodynamic soil parameters. An example of drain spacing calculation is presented.
Alleviating Salt Stress in Barley by Use of Plant Growth Stimulants and Potassium Sulfate
Authors: EL-Sharkawy M. S. , EL-Beshbeshy T. R. , Hassan S. M. , Mahmoud E. K. , Abdelkader N. I. , Al-Shal R. M. , Missaoui A. M.
Published: March 2017

Salt impedes plant growth and yield. This study was conducted to explore the effect of plant growth stimulants (seaweed extract, humic acid) and potassium sulfate in alleviating salt stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Initially, 10 barley genotypes were germinated in a growth chamber at five salt levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). Increasing salt concentration reduced germination percent, the speed of germination, and seedling weight. One salt-tolerant genotype (Sharqiya Estate) and one salt-sensitive genotype (Red Sea) were selected and planted in greenhouse pots containing 2 kg of sand, then subjected to 10 and 15 dS m-1 salt levels using CaCl2.2H2O: NaCl (2:1) mixed with Hoagland solution. Four treatments consisting of (1) control (Hoagland solution), (2) seaweed extract at 4 Kg ha-1, (3) humic acid at 28 L ha-1, and (4) potassium sulfate at 300 Kg ha-1 were applied to each genotype under both salt levels. Seaweed extract resulted in higher shoot dry weight in the salt-sensitive genotype under both salt levels and maintained a low Na+/K+ ratio compared with humic acid and potassium sulfate. It also resulted in higher relative yield, relative water content, higher proline, and lower electrolyte leakage in the susceptible genotype at 10 dS m-1, but the result was not different from humic acid and potassium sulfate treatments at 15 dS m-1. Seaweed extract resulted in the highest catalase activity at 15 dS m-1 in both genotypes, with higher magnitude in the salt-tolerant genotype. These results suggest that seaweed extract has potential in improving barley growth under salt stress.
Sward Structure and Herbage Accumulation of Massai Guineagrass Pastures Managed According to Pre-Grazing Heights, in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio , Difante Gelson Dos Santos , Lana Angela Maria Quintão , Campos Nathália Rafaela Fidelis , Veras Emmanuel Lievio de Lima , Moraes José Dantas
Published: March 2017

The forage sward height measurement is a practical and potential tool for grazing management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of pasture and forage accumulation related to sward pre-grazing height of Panicum maximum cv. Massai, before being grazed by sheep. The study was conducted in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Brazil. The treatments were the pre-grazing sward heights at: 35, 40, 45 and 50 cm. The post-grazing height was 15 cm for all treatments. The interaction between the pre-grazing sward heights and grazing cycles was only statistically significant for light interception (LI) and leaf area index (LAI). The LI had linear and positive effect to the pre-grazing heights in only one of three grazing cycles, with approximately 1% increase in LI for each centimeter grown in the sward. The total forage mass had linear regression, every centimeter increased in height, there was a correspondent dry matter (DM) increase of 187 kg ha-1 in forage mass. There was a linear response between leaf blade mass and dead material with sward height. The post-grazing lowest LI was 29.42% at 42.05 cm high. The lowest amount of LI was 29.42% at 42.05 cm high. The minimum LAI was 0.69. The top DM and mineral matter (MM) accumulation rate were linear and had 58.32 and 20.46 kg ha-1 day-1 MS, respectively. Massai guineagrass grazed by sheep must be handled between 35 and 40 cm high at pre-grazing when associated with post-grazing height of 15 cm.
Control of Postharvest Fungal Rots on Grapes Using Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Authors: Pedrotti Carine , Ribeiro Rute T. S. , Schwambach Joséli
Published: March 2017

Fungal rots, caused by Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum, are the main causes of postharvest decay of table grapes in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and the fungicidal effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil in vitro, on mycelial growth (contact and volatile phase) and conidia germination, and in vivo on postharvest grapes against both fungi. The major compounds found in F. vulgare essential oil were trans-anethole (79.14%), fenchone (11.94%) and estragole (5.76%). The mycelial growth (contact phase) and conidia germination of B. cinerea were inhibited completely at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm (µL mL-1), respectively. For C. acutatum, mycelial growth (contact phase) and conidia germination were inhibited completely at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm, respectively. The volatile phase had a fungistatic effect on mycelial growth of both fungi at different concentrations tested, and the pure essential oil (100%) presented fungicidal effect against B. cinerea. In vivo tests were carried out using grapes of Vitis spp. cv. “Isabella” and the concentrations of essential oil tested were efficient, reducing the incidence of disease caused by B. cinerea and C. acutatum at postharvest, both in preventive and curative treatment. The concentration 200 ppm completely inhibited the incidence of both fungi. In conclusion, F. vulgare essential oil presented fungicidal action against postharvest fungal rots on grapes.