bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Microaggression as a Determinant of Wellbeing
Authors: Adedeji Adekunle , Olonisakin Tosin Tunrayo , Metzner Franka , Buchcik Johanna , Tsabedze Wandile , Boehnke Klaus , Idemudia Erhabor S.
Published: October 2022

Despite the increasing interest in exploring microaggression in the humanitarian context, there remains uncertainty on its mechanism for affecting life outcomes. There is a lack of studies on ethnic and racial minorities in non-western countries. The current research explores dimensions and manifestations of microaggression and how they affect wellbeing in a multicultural setting. The study uses a qualitative approach with 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 66 participants conducted in 4 provinces of South Africa: Gauteng (k = 6), North-West (k = 3), KwaZulu-Natal (k = 3), and Western Cape (k = 3). The recorded FGDs were transcribed using the intelligent verbatim technique. The transcripts were then analysed using a phenomenological approach. Data analysis was done stepwise using the deductive coding technique. Results show that participants’ perception of the dimensions of microaggression varies depending on the manifestation as verbal, behavioural, or systemic. Furthermore, variations in patterns and reactions to dimensions of microaggression were linked with participants’ racial identity. It further confirms that experiencing discrimination is associated with poorer wellbeing. Connectedness to the ingroup provides stability and certainty in multi-group societies due to the group rivalry that pervades such societies.
Heron triangles with two rational medians and Somos-5 sequences
Authors: Hone Andrew N. W.
Published: October 2022

Triangles with integer length sides and integer area are known as Heron triangles. Taking rescaling freedom into account, one can apply the same name when all sides and the area are rational numbers. A perfect triangle is a Heron triangle with all three medians being rational, and it is a longstanding conjecture that no such triangle exists. However, Buchholz and Rathbun showed that there are infinitely many Heron triangles with two rational medians, an infinite subset of which are associated with rational points on an elliptic curve $$E({\mathbb {Q}})$$

E
(
Q
)

with Mordell–Weil group $${\mathbb {Z}}\,{\times }\, {\mathbb {Z}}/2{\mathbb {Z}}$$

Z

×

Z
/
2
Z

, and they observed a connection with a pair of Somos-5 sequences. Here we make the latter connection more precise by providing explicit formulae for the integer side lengths, the two rational medians, and the area in this infinite family of Heron triangles. The proof uses a combined approach to Somos-5 sequences and associated Quispel–Roberts–Thompson (QRT) maps in the plane, from several different viewpoints: complex analysis, real dynamics, and reduction modulo a prime.
Explicit evaluations of log–log integrals
Authors: Sofo Anthony
Published: October 2022

By investigating a family of log-log type integrals on the unit domain and on the positive half line, we produce a substantial number of new identities, representing the value of the integral with the aid of Euler sums. A new family of Euler sum identities will also be given, thereby extending the current knowledge.
The Quantum Governance Stack: Models of Governance for Quantum Information Technologies
Authors: Perrier Elija
Published: October 2022

The emergence of quantum information technologies with potential application across diverse industrial, consumer and technical domains has thrown into relief the need for practical approaches to their governance. Technology governance must balance multiple objectives including facilitating technological development while meeting legal requirements, normative expectations and managing risks regarding the use of such technology. In this paper, we articulate a variety of idealised governance models and approaches for synthesising these complementary and sometimes competing objectives. We set out a comparative analysis of quantum governance in the context of existing models of technological governance. Using this approach, we develop an actor-instrument model for quantum governance, denoted the ‘quantum governance stack’, across a governance hierarchy from states and governments through to public and private institutions. Our model sets out key characteristics that quantum governance should exhibit at each level in the stack, including identification of stakeholder rights, interests and obligations impacted by quantum technologies and the appropriate instruments by which such impacts are managed. We argue that quantum governance must be responsive based on (a) the state of technology at the time; (b) resource and economic requirements for its development; and (c) assessments and estimates of the near-term and future impacts of such technology. Our work provides a pragmatic introduction to quantum governance by (a) specifying a taxonomy of governance actors and instruments and (b) providing examples of how different stakeholders within the stack might implement governance responses to quantum information technologies. It is intended for use by stakeholders in government, industry, academia and civil society to help inform their governance response to the quantum technology revolution.
Dooring-Fahrradunfälle mit schweren Verletzungsmustern: 10-Jahres-Studie eines Level-1-Traumazentrums
Authors: Braun Christian Tasso , Hetmank Christian , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung. Untersuchungen in der Schweiz, Deutschland und Österreich haben gezeigt, dass Dooring-Unfälle (Unfälle von Radfahrenden, die von einer geöffneten Tür eines Kraftfahrzeugs erfasst werden) entgegen der weitläufigen Meinung zu den häufigen Fahrradunfällen zählen. Die resultierenden Verletzungen sind häufig schwerwiegend und führen oft zur Vorstellung und Behandlung in einem Krankenhaus. Es wurden retrospektiv alle Dooring-Unfälle des universitären Notfallzentrums des Inselspitals Bern der Jahre 2012 bis 2021 identifiziert und ausgewertet. Die Daten wurden aus der Datenbank des Managementsystems des Universitätsspitals Bern mittels einer Suchabfrage mit den Keywords auf Deutsch: «Autotüre», «Autotuere», «Dooring» generiert und anonymisiert. Die meisten Verunfallten waren weiblichen Geschlechts und durchschnittlich 34 Jahre alt; Verletzungen fanden sich vor allem an Kopf und Extremitäten. Die Behandlung konnte meist ambulant erfolgen. Der ISS (Injury Severity Score) betrug durchschnittlich 3,5. Ein Patient musste notoperiert werden. Dies ist die erste Schweizer Studie, die Dooring-Unfälle systematisch erfasst und auswertet. Da Radfahren vor allem im städtischen Raum im Trend liegt und folglich die Zahl der Radfahrenden stetig steigt, ist davon auszugehen, dass auch die Anzahl an Dooring-Verletzten zunehmen wird und entsprechende Präventionsmassnahmen getroffen werden müssen. Die gegenwärtige COVID-19-Pandemie verschärft die Problematik, da im Rahmen des Infektionsschutzes die Anzahl an Radfahrenden und folglich auch an Unfällen insbesondere im städtischen Raum zunimmt. Diesbezüglich sind beispielweise Kenntnisse über die Unfallzeit und die verunfallten Personen durch entsprechende Studien besonders wichtig, um passende Gegen- und Schutzmassnahmen ergreifen zu können.
Sports participation, performance and medical-psychiatric health and illness: Cultural and religious effects
Authors: Glick Ira D. , Eisenberg Neil , Kamis Danielle
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Using one religion as an example, in the context of its historical culture, this article examines the medical and psychiatric literature on the role of religion and culture as it has affected sports. By way of providing background, we first review historical examples of how religion and its culture can affect sports participation, performance and psychiatric health/illness. Given these emotionally and religiously powerful influences over historical time, we then review implications for the sports physician or mental health therapist with a focus on how religious and cultural issues can affect diagnosis and treatment for athletes, their teams and communities. A case example is presented by way of illustrating the need to both be aware of religious-cultural negative and positive factors as they affect integrative treatment of athletes.
Two‐Dimensional Local Modeling of Thermospheric Heating and Neutral Mass Density Enhancement Driven by Alfvén Waves
Authors: Oigawa T. , Shinagawa H. , Taguchi S.
Published: October 2022

In the cusp region, a significantly enhanced thermospheric mass density is commonly observed around 400 km altitude. Despite a number of studies, the enhancement mechanism has not been fully characterized. In order to determine how the Joule heating and resultant mass density enhancements are generated in the F region of the ionosphere during a few hours after the Alfvén resonator modes are set up, we have developed a new efficient method to calculate Alfvén waves. In this method, the Fourier transform was used, and Alfvén waves were solved as frequency‐domain boundary value problems. We employed a two‐dimensional local model and performed five modeling runs. The result from the modeling runs shows that the Alfvén resonator modes generate significant neutral upwelling at ∼300 km altitude, which creates a “cell” of the neutral mass density enhancement at altitudes centered between 350 and 400 km. This cell becomes evident roughly 1 hr after the Alfvén resonator modes are set up, and this region continues to exist stably for 2 more hours. A fractional mass density enhancement at 400 km altitude 3 hr after the Alfvén resonator modes having an Alfvénic field‐aligned current of 20  at the top boundary are set up reaches ∼30%, which is consistent with the result obtained from satellite observations. In terms of the Poynting flux, this corresponds to ∼20 mWm−2, which is also consistent with previous satellite observations.
Observations of Double Diffusive Staircase Edges in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Boury S. , Supekar R. , Fine E. C. , Musgrave R. , Mickett J. B. , Voet G. , Odier P. , Peacock T. , MacKinnon J. A. , Alford M. H.
Published: October 2022

Recent observational studies have provided detailed descriptions of double‐diffusive staircases in the Beaufort Sea, characterized by well‐mixed intrusions between high‐gradient interfaces. These structures result from double‐diffusive convection, occurring when cooler fresh water lies atop the warmer saltier Atlantic water layer. In the present study, we investigate the spatial structure of such layers, by analyzing combined high resolution data from a subsurface mooring, a ship‐towed profiling conductivity‐temperature‐depth/ADCP package, and a free‐falling microstructure profiler. At large scale, the modular microstructure profiler data suggest a horizontal “ragged edge” of the layered water masses near the basin boundary. At smaller scales, the mooring data indicate that, in the 300–400 m depth interval, regions of layers abruptly appear. This laterally sharp (of the order of 100 m) interface is advected southwards, as shown by the shallow water integrated mapping system survey conducted nearby. Neither disruption nor formation of layers is directly observed in our data, and we thus interpret our observations as the stable and possibly recent abutment of a layered and an unlayered water masses, now globally advected southwards by a large scale flow.
Comparison of the revised 4th (2016) and 5th (2022) editions of the World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Yudi , Wu Junying , Qin Tiejun , Xu Zefeng , Qu Shiqiang , Pan Lijuan , Li Bing , Wang Huijun , Zhang Peihong , Yan Xin , Gong Jingye , Gao Qingyan , Gale Robert Peter , Xiao Zhijian
Published: October 2022

We used data from 852 consecutive subjects with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) diagnosed according to the 2016 (revised 4th) World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to evaluate the 2022 (5th) edition WHO classification of MDS. 30 subjects previously classified as MDS with an NPM1 mutation were re-classified as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). 9 subjects previously classified as MDS-U were re-classified to clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). The remaining 813 subjects were diagnosed as: MDS-5q (N = 11 [1%]), MDS-SF3B1 (N = 70 [9%]), MDS-biTP53 (N = 53 [7%]), MDS-LB (N = 293 [36%]), MDS-h (N = 80 [10%]), MDS-IB1 (N = 161 [20%]), MDS-IB2 (N = 103 [13%]) and MDS-f (N = 42 [5%]) and MDS-biTP53 (N = 53 [7%]). 34 of these subjects came from the 53 (64%) MDS-biTP53 previously diagnosed as MDS-EB. Median survival of subjects classified as MDS using the WHO 2022 criteria was 45 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 34, 56 months). Subjects re-classified as MDS-biTP53 and MDS-f had significantly briefer median survivals compared with other MDS sub-types (10 months, [8, 12 months] and 15 months [8, 23 months]). In conclusion, our analyses support the refinements made in the WHO 2022 proposal.
Dissipative soliton generation and real-time dynamics in microresonator-filtered fiber lasers
Authors: Nie Mingming , Li Bowen , Jia Kunpeng , Xie Yijun , Yan Jingjie , Zhu Shining , Xie Zhenda , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: October 2022

Optical frequency combs in microresonators (microcombs) have a wide range of applications in science and technology, due to its compact size and access to considerably larger comb spacing. Despite recent successes, the problems of self-starting, high mode efficiency as well as high output power have not been fully addressed for conventional soliton microcombs. Recent demonstration of laser cavity soliton microcombs by nesting a microresonator into a fiber cavity, shows great potential to solve the problems. Here we study the dissipative soliton generation and interaction dynamics in a microresonator-filtered fiber laser in both theory and experiment. We bring theoretical insight into the mode-locking principle, discuss the parameters effect on soliton properties, and provide experimental guidelines for broadband soliton generation. We predict chirped bright dissipative soliton with flat-top spectral envelope in microresonators with normal dispersion, which is fundamentally forbidden for the externally driven case. Furthermore, we experimentally achieve soliton microcombs with large bandwidth of ~10 nm and high mode efficiency of 90.7%. Finally, by taking advantage of an ultrahigh-speed time magnifier, we study the real-time soliton formation and interaction dynamics and experimentally observe soliton Newton’s cradle. Our study will benefit the design of the novel, high-efficiency and self-starting microcombs for real-world applications.
Intralesional TLR4 agonist treatment strengthens the organ defense against colonizing cancer cells in the brain
Authors: Blazquez Raquel , Chuang Han-Ning , Wenske Britta , Trigueros Laura , Wlochowitz Darius , Liguori Renato , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Regen Tommy , Proescholdt Martin A. , Rohde Veit , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Stadelmann Christine , Bleckmann Annalen , Beißbarth Tim , van Rossum Denise , Hanisch Uwe K. , Pukrop Tobias
Published: October 2022

Brain metastasis in breast cancer remains difficult to treat and its incidence is increasing. Therefore, the development of new therapies is of utmost clinical relevance. Recently, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 was correlated with IL6 expression and poor prognosis in 1 215 breast cancer primaries. In contrast, we demonstrated that TLR4 stimulation reduces microglia-assisted breast cancer cell invasion. However, the expression, prognostic value, or therapeutic potential of TLR signaling in breast cancer brain metastasis have not been investigated. We thus tested the prognostic value of various TLRs in two brain-metastasis gene sets. Furthermore, we investigated different TLR agonists, as well as MyD88 and TRIF-deficient microenvironments in organotypic brain-slice ex vivo co-cultures and in vivo colonization experiments. These experiments underline the ambiguous roles of TLR4, its adapter MyD88, and the target nitric oxide (NO) during brain colonization. Moreover, analysis of the gene expression datasets of breast cancer brain metastasis patients revealed associations of TLR1 and IL6 with poor overall survival. Finally, our finding that a single LPS application at the onset of colonization shapes the later microglia/macrophage reaction at the macro-metastasis brain-parenchyma interface (MMPI) and reduces metastatic infiltration into the brain parenchyma may prove useful in immunotherapeutic considerations.
Switchable chiral transport in charge-ordered kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Putzke Carsten , Konyzheva Sofia , Huang Xiangwei , Gutierrez-Amigo Martin , Errea Ion , Chen Dong , Vergniory Maia G. , Felser Claudia , Fischer Mark H. , Neupert Titus , Moll Philip J. W.
Published: October 2022

When electric conductors differ from their mirror image, unusual chiral transport coefficients appear that are forbidden in achiral metals, such as a non-linear electric response known as electronic magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA)1–6. Although chiral transport signatures are allowed by symmetry in many conductors without a centre of inversion, they reach appreciable levels only in rare cases in which an exceptionally strong chiral coupling to the itinerant electrons is present. So far, observations of chiral transport have been limited to materials in which the atomic positions strongly break mirror symmetries. Here, we report chiral transport in the centrosymmetric layered kagome metal CsV3Sb5 observed via second-harmonic generation under an in-plane magnetic field. The eMChA signal becomes significant only at temperatures below $${T}^{{\prime} }\approx $$

T

′

≈

35 K, deep within the charge-ordered state of CsV3Sb5 (TCDW ≈ 94 K). This temperature dependence reveals a direct correspondence between electronic chirality, unidirectional charge order7 and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking due to putative orbital loop currents8–10. We show that the chirality is set by the out-of-plane field component and that a transition from left- to right-handed transport can be induced by changing the field sign. CsV3Sb5 is the first material in which strong chiral transport can be controlled and switched by small magnetic field changes, in stark contrast to structurally chiral materials, which is a prerequisite for applications in chiral electronics.
A function-based typology for Earth’s ecosystems
Authors: Keith David A. , Ferrer-Paris José R. , Nicholson Emily , Bishop Melanie J. , Polidoro Beth A. , Ramirez-Llodra Eva , Tozer Mark G. , Nel Jeanne L. , Mac Nally Ralph , Gregr Edward J. , Watermeyer Kate E. , Essl Franz , Faber-Langendoen Don , Franklin Janet , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Etter Andrés , Roux Dirk J. , Stark Jonathan S. , Rowland Jessica A. , Brummitt Neil A. , Fernandez-Arcaya Ulla C. , Suthers Iain M. , Wiser Susan K. , Donohue Ian , Jackson Leland J. , Pennington R. Toby , Iliffe Thomas M. , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Giller Paul , Robson Belinda J. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Andrade Angela , Lindgaard Arild , Tahvanainen Teemu , Terauds Aleks , Chadwick Michael A. , Murray Nicholas J. , Moat Justin , Pliscoff Patricio , Zager Irene , Kingsford Richard T.
Published: October 2022

As the United Nations develops a post-2020 global biodiversity framework for the Convention on Biological Diversity, attention is focusing on how new goals and targets for ecosystem conservation might serve its vision of ‘living in harmony with nature’1,2. Advancing dual imperatives to conserve biodiversity and sustain ecosystem services requires reliable and resilient generalizations and predictions about ecosystem responses to environmental change and management3. Ecosystems vary in their biota4, service provision5and relative exposure to risks6, yet there is no globally consistent classification of ecosystems that reflects functional responses to change and management. This hampers progress on developing conservation targets and sustainability goals. Here we present the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Ecosystem Typology, a conceptually robust, scalable, spatially explicit approach for generalizations and predictions about functions, biota, risks and management remedies across the entire biosphere. The outcome of a major cross-disciplinary collaboration, this novel framework places all of Earth’s ecosystems into a unifying theoretical context to guide the transformation of ecosystem policy and management from global to local scales. This new information infrastructure will support knowledge transfer for ecosystem-specific management and restoration, globally standardized ecosystem risk assessments, natural capital accounting and progress on the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
Structure of the OMEGA nickase IsrB in complex with ωRNA and target DNA
Authors: Hirano Seiichi , Kappel Kalli , Altae-Tran Han , Faure Guilhem , Wilkinson Max E. , Kannan Soumya , Demircioglu F. Esra , Yan Rui , Shiozaki Momoko , Yu Zhiheng , Makarova Kira S. , Koonin Eugene V. , Macrae Rhiannon K. , Zhang Feng
Published: October 2022

RNA-guided systems, such as CRISPR–Cas, combine programmable substrate recognition with enzymatic function, a combination that has been used advantageously to develop powerful molecular technologies1,2. Structural studies of these systems have illuminated how the RNA and protein jointly recognize and cleave their substrates, guiding rational engineering for further technology development3. Recent work identified a new class of RNA-guided systems, termed OMEGA, which include IscB, the likely ancestor of Cas9, and the nickase IsrB, a homologue of IscB lacking the HNH nuclease domain4. IsrB consists of only around 350 amino acids, but its small size is counterbalanced by a relatively large RNA guide (roughly 300-nt ωRNA). Here, we report the cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi IsrB (DtIsrB) in complex with its cognate ωRNA and a target DNA. We find the overall structure of the IsrB protein shares a common scaffold with Cas9. In contrast to Cas9, however, which uses a recognition (REC) lobe to facilitate target selection, IsrB relies on its ωRNA, part of which forms an intricate ternary structure positioned analogously to REC. Structural analyses of IsrB and its ωRNA as well as comparisons to other RNA-guided systems highlight the functional interplay between protein and RNA, advancing our understanding of the biology and evolution of these diverse systems.
Association between parents’ country of birth and smoking risks in South Korean adolescents
Authors: Park Minah , Kim Seung Hoon , Nari Fatima , Jang Bich Na , Park Eun-Cheol
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to determine whether significant associations exist between multicultural families and adolescent smoking risks in South Korea. Data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. Participants were classified into four family types (South Korean mother–foreign father, South Korean father–foreign mother, both foreign parents, and both South Korean parents) according to their parents’ country of birth and smoking was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the significance of the associations. Overall, 194,259 participants (boys: 94,793, girls: 99,466) enrolled in this study. Adolescents whose parents were born overseas were more likely to smoke than native South Korean adolescents (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 2.61, confidence interval [CI] = 1.79–3.81, girls: OR 3.94, CI 2.42–6.43). When the mother’s country of birth was a developing country, there was an increased likelihood of girls smoking, and there was an increased likelihood of smoking among boys when the mother’s country of birth was North Korea. When both parents were born abroad, and the mother’s country of birth was a developing country, the likelihood of smoking risks among their multicultural teenage children increased. Policies and interventions need to be established and implemented to lower the smoking rate among multicultural teenagers.
Straw mulching for enhanced water use efficiency and economic returns from soybean fields in the Loess Plateau China
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang Guohong , Chen Juan , Song Yali , Geng Zhiguang , Li Kefu , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: October 2022

Water shortages threaten agricultural sustainability in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. Judicious mulching management can improve water conservation practices to alleviate this issue while increasing crop productivity. We investigated the effect of straw strip mulching and film mulching on soil water consumption, temperature, growth, grain yield, and economic income of soybean [Glycine max(Linn.) Merr.] from 2017 to 2018 in Qingyang on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China using four treatments: (a) alternating ridges and furrows with ridges mulched with white polyethylene film (PMP), (b) alternating flat and bare land with only the plat mulched by white polyethylene film (PMF), (c) alternating strips mulched with maize (Zea mays L.) straw (SM), and (d) traditional land planting without mulching (CK). The mulching treatments (PMP, PMF, and SM) increased soil water consumption and soil water use efficiency. The SM, PMF, and PMP treatments had 12.3–12.5, 16.8–22.1, and 23.2–24.2 mm higher soil water consumption (0–120 cm depth) than CK, most of which occurred in the 60–120 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, PMP and PMF significantly increased soil temperature by 1.30–1.31 °C and 0.76–1.00 °C, soybean grain yield by 38.6–39.0 % and 38.8–44.2 %, and water use efficiency (WUE) by 27.7–32.8 % and 30.8–37.5 %, respectively, while SM significantly decreased soil temperature by 0.96–1.15 °C, and increased grain yield by 21.8–25.4 % and WUE by 16.9–21.9 %. PMP and PMF did not significantly change soil water consumption, WUE, or grain yield. The SM treatment increased net income by 501.3–691.7 and 1914.5–2244.9 CNY ha−1 relative to PMP and CK, respectively, but PMF and SM did not significantly differ. Therefore, the SM system could help increase grain yields and economic returns in dryland soybean production, avoiding the adverse effects of the increasingly popular plastic mulching approach.
Enhanced adsorptional-photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol by reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Sodeinde K. O. , Olusanya S. O. , Lawal O. S. , Sriariyanun M. , Adediran A. A.
Published: October 2022

Improper discharge of waste dry cell batteries and untreated antibiotics laden effluents to the environment pose serious threat to the sustenance of the ecosystem. In this study, synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-ZnO (rGO-ZnO) nanocomposite was achieved via a bioreduction process using waste dry cell battery rod as graphene oxide (GO) precursor. The nanocomposite was applied in the ultraviolet photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) at 290 nm in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. RGO-ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET and FTIR. TEM image of the nanocomposite revealed a polydispersed, quasi-spherical zinc oxide on a coarse reduced graphene oxide surface. XRD patterns showed sharp, prominent crystalline wurtzite hexagonal phases of ZnO and rGO. BET surface area of the nanocomposite was 722 m2/g with pore size of 2 nm and pore volume of 0.4 cc/g. % photo-removal efficiency increased with increasing irradiation time but diminished at higher pH, temperature and CAP concentration. Photocatalytic adsorption process fitted more accurately into the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.99) indicating a multilayer adsorption mechanism. 92.74% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) level of veterinary effluent was obtained after treatment with the nanocomposite thus affirming its effectiveness in real waste water samples.
Mineralogy, morphology, and reaction kinetics of ureolytic bio-cementation in the presence of seawater ions and varying soil materials
Authors: Burdalski Robert J. , Ribeiro Bruna G. O. , Gomez Michael G. , Gorman-Lewis Drew
Published: October 2022

Microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a bio-cementation process that can improve the engineering properties of granular soils through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals on soil particle surfaces and contacts. The technology has advanced rapidly as an environmentally conscious soil improvement method, however, our understanding of the effect of changes in field-representative environmental conditions on the physical and chemical properties of resulting precipitates has remained limited. An improved understanding of the effect of subsurface geochemical and soil conditions on process reaction kinetics and the morphology and mineralogy of bio-cementation may be critical towards enabling successful field-scale deployment of the technology and improving our understanding of the long-term chemical permanence of bio-cemented soils in different environments. In this study, thirty-five batch experiments were performed to specifically investigate the influence of seawater ions and varying soil materials on the mineralogy, morphology, and reaction kinetics of ureolytic bio-cementation. During experiments, differences in reaction kinetics were quantified to identify conditions inhibiting CaCO3 precipitation and ureolysis. Following experiments, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and chemical composition analyses were employed to quantify differences in mineralogical compositions and material morphology. Ions present in seawater and variations in soil materials were shown to significantly influence ureolytic activity and precipitate mineralogy and morphology, however, calcite remained the predominant CaCO3 polymorph in all experiments with relative percentages exceeding 80% by mass in all precipitates.
iDetect for vulnerability detection in internet of things operating systems using machine learning
Authors: Al-Boghdady Abdullah , El-Ramly Mohammad , Wassif Khaled
Published: October 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) 's devices are ubiquitous and operate in a heterogonous environment with potential security breaches. IoT Operating Systems (IoT OSs) are the backbone software for running such devices. If IoT OSs are vulnerable to security breaches, higher-level security measures may not help. This paper aims to use Machine Learning (ML) to create a tool called iDetect for detecting vulnerabilities in C/C++ source code of IoT OSs. The source code for 16 releases of IoT OSs (RIOT, Contiki, FreeRTOS, Amazon FreeRTOS) and the Software Assurance Reference Dataset (SARD) were used to create a labeled dataset of vulnerable and benign code with the reference being the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) vulnerabilities present in IoT OSs. Studies showed that only a subset of CWEs is present in the C/C++ source code of low-end IoT OSs.The labeled dataset was used to train three ML models for vulnerability detection: Random Forest (RF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The three models were used independently and RF; compared to CNN and RNN, gave the highest accuracy during the testing phase for binary and multiclass classification. RF was chosen as iDetect's ML classifier. Further evaluation was done on an unseen dataset of 322 code snippets taken from TinyOS. iDetect achieved a macro-averaged F1 score (mF1) of 98.5% and weighted-average F1 score (wF1) of 98% for multiclass classification, F1 score (F1) of 97.8% for binary classification, and superior results compared to all three Static Analysis Tools (SATs) used to collect the training dataset.
Synthesis and applicability of reduced graphene oxide/porphyrin nanocomposite as photocatalyst for waste water treatment and medical applications
Authors: El-Khawaga Ahmed M. , Tantawy Hesham , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Abd El-Mageed Ahmed I. A.
Published: October 2022

This study presents the synthesis and doping of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with synthesized porphyrin (5,15-bisdodecyl porphyrin, C12P) nanoparticles to fabricate reduced graphene oxide-porphyrin (rGO-P) nanocomposite as well as demonstrates their outstanding removal activity of azo dye and antimicrobial potential. The synthesized porphyrin, rGO, and rGO-P nanocomposites were characterised using SEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The ability of the synthesized rGO-P nanocomposite was then investigated (as catalyst and/or adsorbent) to impact its removal efficacy against Congo red (CR) as a well-known toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic synthetic dye. The findings indicated that 0.01 g of rGO-P nanocomposite achieved 78.0% removal of CR at pH 3.0. Besides, the removal efficacy was evaluated while studying many aspects i.e. pH, CR initial concentration, and rGO-P nanocomposite amount. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and yeast were evaluated. The antimicrobial results showed that rGO-P nanocomposite revealed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus with ZOI values of 24.3, 21.8, and 22.1 mm, respectively. Consequently, it demonstrates the substantial potential of rGO-P nanocomposite in the effective removal of pollutant dyes as well as significant antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of fluoride and arsenate in water and mammalian cells using recyclable metal oxacalixarene probe: a lateral flow assay
Authors: Dey Shuvankar , Kumar Anshu , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Chopra Deepak , Roy Rupam , Jindani Sana , Ganguly Bishwajit , Mayya Chaithra , Bhatia Dhiraj , Jain Vinod K.
Published: October 2022

Globally 3 billion people are consuming water with moderately high concentrations of fluoride and arsenic. The development of a simple point of care (PoC) device or home device for the detection of fluoride/arsenic ensures safety before consuming water. Till date, lateral flow assay (LFA) based PoC devices can detect nucleic acids, viruses and diseases. An aluminium complex of rhodamine B functionalized oxacalix[4]arene (L) was designed to execute the LFA-based PoC device. Initially, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions were involved in complexation with the rhodamine B functionalized oxacalix[4]arene (L), resulting C1 (L-Al3+) and C2 (L-Fe3+) complexes respectively. The receptor L, as well as the probes (C1, C2), were characterized thoroughly using mass spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR, and EA. C1 and C2 were further utilized as recyclable probes for the detection of aqueous fluoride (21 ppb) and arsenate (1.92 ppb) respectively. The computational calculation indicates that upon complexation, the spirolactam ring opening at the rhodamine B site leads to optoelectronic changes. The consistency of LFA-based portable sensing device has been tested with water samples, synthetic fluoride standards and dental care products like toothpaste and mouthwash with concentrations ≥ 3 ppm. Moreover, fixed cell imaging experiments were performed to ascertain the in-vitro sensing phenomena.
Stannous colloid mixed with indocyanine green as a tracer for sentinel lymph node navigation surgery
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Uehara Tomoya , Toyota Taro , Endo Ryusuke , Matsubara Hisahiro , Hayashi Hideki
Published: October 2022

The combined use of a vital dye and radioactive colloid reportedly performs better in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for cancers than the use of either of them alone. However, especially for gastric cancer, two endoscopic procedures are required to administer these two tracers, which burdens the patients and practitioners. Here we propose the use of stannous colloid (SnC) mixed with indocyanine green (ICG) as a new mixed tracer (SnC–ICG); its characteristics were investigated in vivo and in vitro to estimate its usefulness for SLN navigation. The tracers were administered to rats and the accumulation of radioactivity and/or near-infrared fluorescence were evaluated in the regional lymph nodes (LNs) using single positron emission computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescence imaging, respectively. SnC–ICG showed significantly better clearance from the injection site and better migration to primary LNs than the single administration of SnC or ICG aqueous solution. SnC–ICG demonstrated a wide particle size variability, stabilized to 1200-nm upon the addition of albumin in vitro; These properties could contribute to its behavior in vivo. The use of SnC–ICG could contribute better performance to detect SLNs for gastric cancer with less burden on both patients and medical practitioners.
Exploring the association between cognitive decline and all-cause mortality with blood pressure as a potential modifier in oldest old individuals
Authors: Duan Jun , Sam Napoleon Bellua , Wang Shi-Jia , Liu Yan
Published: October 2022

Few studies have systematically explored the association between cognitive decline and all-cause mortality among oldest old individuals (above 80 years old), and there is limited evidence of blood pressure (BP) as a potential effect modifier. Therefore, this study included 14,891 oldest old individuals (mean age: 90.3 ± 7.5 years); 10,904 deaths and 34,486 person-years were observed. Cognitive scores were calculated using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive decline was stratified into ten categories (C0–C9). Continuous cognitive scores were used to assess the interactions of modifiers of the cognitive decline and all-cause mortality association and potentially modifiable factors. Potential effect modifiers were explored by age, sex, BP status and hypertension. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationship between cognitive decline and all-cause mortality after adjustments for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, leisure activities and health conditions. Participants who progressed to severe cognitive impairment from high normal cognitive function (C3), low normal cognitive function (C6), or mild cognitive impairment (C8) had 55%, 56%, and 63% higher mortality risks, respectively, than those who maintained high normal cognitive function (C0). The multivariate-adjusted model indicated that oldest old individuals with a decrease of more than one point in the MMSE score per year had an approximately 4% all-cause mortality risk. The relationship between cognitive decline and mortality was statistically influenced by sex (P = 0.013), high BP in nonagenarians (P = 0.003), and hypertension (P = 0.004) but not by age (P = 0.277). Our findings suggest that periodic screening for cognitive decline and strengthening BP management may be necessary for public health.
The purine metabolite inosine monophosphate accelerates myelopoiesis and acute pancreatitis progression
Authors: Luo Xiao-Min , Lam Sin Man , Dong Yuan , Ma Xiao-Juan , Yan Cen , Zhang Yue-Jie , Cao Yu , Su Li , Lu Guotao , Yang Jin-Kui , Shui Guanghou , Feng Ying-Mei
Published: October 2022

Hyperglycemia-induced myelopoiesis and atherosclerotic progression occur in mice with type I diabetes. However, less is known about the effects of metabolites on myelopoesis in type 2 diabetes. Here, we use fluorescence-activated cell sorting to analyze the proliferation of granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMP) in db/db mice. Using targeted metabolomics, we identify an increase in inosine monophosphate (IMP) in GMP cells of 24-week-old mice. We show that IMP treatment stimulates cKit expression, ribosomal S6 activation, GMP proliferation, and Gr-1+ granulocyte production in vitro. IMP activates pAkt in non-GMP cells. In vivo, using an established murine acute pancreatitis (AP) model, administration of IMP-treated bone marrow cells enhances the severity of AP. This effect is abolished in the presence of a pAkt inhibitor. Targeted metabolomics show that plasma levels of guanosine monophosphate are significantly higher in diabetic patients with AP. These findings provid a potential therapeutic target for the control of vascular complications in diabetes.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of bacterial colonies—growth, active fluctuations, segregation, adhesion, and invasion
Authors: Zhou Kai , Hennes Marc , Maier Berenike , Gompper Gerhard , Sabass Benedikt
Published: October 2022

Colonies of bacteria endowed with a pili-based self-propulsion machinery are ideal models for investigating the structure and dynamics of active many-particle systems. We study Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonies with a molecular-dynamics-based approach. A generic, adaptable simulation method for particle systems with fluctuating bond-like interactions is devised. The simulations are employed to investigate growth of bacterial colonies and the dependence of the colony structure on cell-cell interactions. In colonies, pilus retraction enhances local ordering. For colonies consisting of different types of cells, the simulations show a segregation depending on the pili-mediated interactions among different cells. These results agree with experimental observations. Next, we quantify the power-spectral density of colony-shape fluctuations in silico. Simulations predict a strong violation of the equilibrium fluctuation-response relation. Furthermore, we show that active force generation enables colonies to spread on surfaces and to invade narrow channels. The methodology can serve as a foundation for future studies of active many-particle systems at boundaries with complex shape.
Effects of limiting digital screen use on well-being, mood, and biomarkers of stress in adults
Authors: Pedersen Jesper , Rasmussen Martin Gillies Banke , Sørensen Sarah Overgaard , Mortensen Sofie Rath , Olesen Line Grønholt , Brage Søren , Kristensen Peter Lund , Puterman Eli , Grøntved Anders
Published: October 2022

Studies have linked higher digital screen use with poorer mental health. However, there is limited experimental evidence to suggest a causal relationship. In this trial, we aimed to investigate the effects of limiting recreational digital screen use on mental well-being, mood, and biomarkers of stress in healthy young and middle-aged adults. We randomly allocated 89 families (including 164 adults) to participate in an extensive screen media reduction intervention or control. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to decrease their recreational screen use to less than 3 hours/week/person. Intervention compliance was assessed using applications and tv-monitors. Overall subjective mental well-being and mood, and collected daily biomarkers of stress (salivary cortisol and cortisone) was assessed at baseline and 2-week follow-up. Reducing recreational digital screen use resulted in significantly improved self-reported well-being and mood in adults allocated to the intervention compared to control. We observed no intervention effects for biomarkers of stress. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04098913, 23/09/2019).
Tumor-targeting oxidative stress nanoamplifiers as anticancer nanomedicine with immunostimulating activity
Authors: Song Nanhee , Park Miran , Kim Nuri , Lee Yujin , Jung Eunkyeong , Lee Dongwon
Published: October 2022

GSH depleting prodrugs and ROS generators self-assemble to generate oxidative stress nanoamplifiers that can preferentially kill cancer cells and exert immunostimulating activity.
Elucidating the enhanced decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides on oxygen vacancy rich TiO2−xsurfaces using DFT for polyethylene decomposition
Authors: Lee Yong Jieh , Putri Lutfi Kurnianditia , Ng Boon-Junn , Tan Lling-Lling , Wu Ta Yeong , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: October 2022

Oxygen vacancies in TiO2enhance the polyethylene degradation by accelerating the decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxide decomposition rate limiting step.
Immobilizing a homogeneous manganese catalyst into MOF pores for α-alkylation of methylene ketones with alcohols
Authors: Dey Gargi , Saifi Shadab , Sk Motahar , Sinha A. S. K. , Banerjee Debasis , Aijaz Arshad
Published: October 2022

An encapsulation strategy via nano-confinement of a homogeneous manganese–phenanthroline complex into MOF pores selectively produced functionalized branched ketones.
A P123/benzyl alcohol/TEOS/HCl(aq.) templating system for preparation of KIT-6 type mesoporous silica with morphological and structural control
Authors: Sun Rui , Yang Weiling , Wang Wei
Published: October 2022

A new P123 templating system is reported for preparing KIT-6s with a large synthesis domain and controllable particle morphology by using benzyl alcohol (Bz) as a co-solvent based on the partitioned cooperative self-assembly (PCSA) principle.
A strongly complexed solid polymer electrolyte enables a stable solid state high-voltage lithium metal battery
Authors: Wang Hangchao , Song Jin , Zhang Kun , Fang Qiu , Zuo Yuxuan , Yang Tonghuan , Yang Yali , Gao Chuan , Wang Xuefeng , Pang Quanquan , Xia Dingguo
Published: October 2022

Bi-functional N-methylurea molecules participate in co-solvating the Li+ ions enhancing the ionic conductivity, and deactivate the non-solvating polymer ethereal groups through the amide acceptor, providing a wide electrochemical window.
Recent advances in thiolation via sulfur electrophiles
Authors: Wei Ya-Feng , Gao Wen-Chao , Chang Hong-Hong , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: October 2022

This review systematically summarizes the recent developments for constructing sulfur compounds from sulfur electrophiles, and the mechanism mainly involved thirranium ions, sulfur ylides, C–S cross coupling and electrophilic substitution.
Antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of extract and components of herbs in East Asia
Authors: Liang Jingru , Huang Xuan , Ma Guo
Published: October 2022

This article reviews antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of components from herbs in East Asia which may be developed as novel antimicrobial products.
Qualifying the contribution of fiber diameter on the acrylate-based electrospun shape memory polymer nano/microfiber properties
Authors: Xi Jiaxin , Shahab Shima , Mirzaeifar Reza
Published: October 2022

In this work, we report the fabrication of fibrous acrylate-based shape memory polymers (SMPs), which can adjust shape recoverability by optimizing the fiber diameter by changing electrospinning parameters.
Pebax® 2533/PVDF thin film mixed matrix membranes containing MIL-101 (Fe)/GO composite for CO2 capture
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Kujawski Wojciech , Knozowska Katarzyna , Kujawa Joanna
Published: October 2022

MIL-101 (Fe) and MIL-GO composites were successfully synthesized and used as fillers for the preparation of Pebax® 2533/PVDF thin film MMMs for CO2/N2 separation.
Evaluation of mesoporous borosilicate glass–ceramic composites as frits in reference electrodes
Authors: Badr Ibrahim H. A. , Rafea Osama A. S.
Published: October 2022

Mesoporous glass–ceramic frits exhibited mitigated screening effect (low screening) compared to the highly charged pores of mesoporous glass-based frits (high screening).
3D hierarchical cobalt vanadate nanosheet arrays on Ni foam coupled with redox additive for enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Nguyen Van Thanh , Sari Fitri Nur Indah , Ting Jyh-Ming
Published: October 2022

ASC device based on Co3V2O8 nanowalls, activated carbon and K3[Fe(CN)6]/KOH redox additive electrolyte shows an ultrahigh energy density of 55.5 W h Kg−1 at a power density of 800 W Kg−1.
CrSe2/Ti3C2 MXene 2D/2D hybrids as promising candidates for energy storage applications
Authors: Raj K. A. Sree , Barman Narad , K. Namsheer , Thapa Ranjit , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2022

A 2D/2D hybrid structure of CrSe2/MXene based supercapacitor exhibited enhanced energy storage performance with a long cyclic stability.
A model on an absolute scale for the small-angle X-ray scattering from bovine casein micelles
Authors: Pedersen Jan Skov , Møller Thea Lykkegaard , Raak Norbert , Corredig Milena
Published: October 2022

The scattering from casein micelles made up of colloidal calcium phosphate particles (CCPs) in a protein network is modelled on absolute scale, and the individual contributions to the scattering are identified.