bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish die-off in river and reservoir: A review on anoxia and gas supersaturation
Authors: Agostinho Angelo Antonio , Alves Diego Correa , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Dias Rosa Maria , Petrere Jr Miguel , Pelicice Fernando Mayer
Published: July 2021

Abstract Albeit massive fish mortality has an extraordinary visual impact and is certainly a fatality, we still have rudimentary understanding on how addressing this problem in the Neotropical region. The processes that lead to fish die-off events are complex and sometimes ephemeral, which can lead to incorrect diagnosis. In this review, we discuss these events in Neotropical freshwaters, both in areas impacted by dams and natural environment, with a focus on deaths mediated by the lack of oxygen (anoxia) or the excess of dissolved gases (gas supersaturation). We examine the available knowledge about the related mechanisms, lethal thresholds for dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved gases (TDG) for fish, and the sequelae of gas bubble disease (GBD). An assessment of the main mortality events in Brazil in the last 10 years is also presented, as well as the best practices for monitoring, prevention, and mitigation. Finally, it is concluded that the proliferation of hydroelectric plants in the Neotropical region might contribute to the expansion of these events and, consequently, increasing of impacts on fish conservation. We consider urgent the inclusion of this topic in the licensing processes for new hydropower projects by the environmental agencies.
Levar a justiça e a cruz aos sertões: os movimentos de ocupação dos sertões do Rio Grande e a formação da freguesia de N. Sra. da Conceição do Bom Sucesso do Rio Pardo na segunda metade do século XVIII
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Augusto Silva , Pereira Renata Baesso
Published: July 2021

RESUMO No processo de ocupação da hinterlândia da América portuguesa, os sertões do Rio Grande - localizados entre as capitanias de São Paulo e Minas Gerais e que têm como um de seus limites o curso d’água que lhes empresta o nome - foram redefinidos durante o século XVIII como espaço de disputas entre os governos civis e eclesiásticos de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Goiás. Este trabalho pretende demonstrar o processo de constituição da rede urbana no território em disputa, onde os núcleos urbanos fundados nos interstícios das capitanias também foram instrumentos para consolidação do território e dos interesses geopolíticos lusos em contraposição aos espanhóis. A rede urbana nesse território é marcada pela presença de quilombos, pelos mecanismos do fisco do ouro e do controle dos caminhos, por meio dos registros, e pela forte presença da Igreja Católica como instrumento de ocupação dos sertões, por intermédio da ereção de capelas e da elevação de freguesias. Nesse contexto, destacamos algumas ações que visavam garantir a posse desse território, além da fundação da freguesia de N. Sra. da Conceição do Bom Sucesso do Rio Pardo (1775), evento importante nas disputas de fronteira e no povoamento desses sertões. Metodologicamente, este trabalho insere-se no campo disciplinar da história da urbanização e mobiliza uma variação de escalas geográficas. As fontes primárias incluem a cartografia histórica e cartas e ofícios dos governos civis e eclesiásticos.
Cultura material e práticas sociais no Caminho do Viamão: paisagens toponímicas, arqueologia do cotidiano das viagens, perfil e bagagem dos tropeiros (séculos XVIII e XIX)
Authors: BUENO BEATRIZ PICCOLOTTO SIQUEIRA , BARRETO ALICE PEREIRA , DIAS GUILHERME SILVÉRIO
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Este artigo versa sobre métodos de leitura da paisagem e da cultura material, com foco na Carta geographica de projeção espherica da Nova Lusitânia ou América Portugueza e Estado do Brazil (1797), entrecruzada com relatos de práticos, engenheiros militares, naturalistas, pintores viajantes e maços de população coevos. De perfil arqueológico-filológico e em busca dos vestígios de uma fenomenologia dos modos de ser e estar em escala macrorregional, este artigo envereda pelo estudo da toponímia e preocupa-se em desvelar camadas de tempo, descrever e contextualizar dinâmicas, lógicas antrópicas de enraizamento e de mobilidade, fluxos em caminhos e rios nas suas possibilidades e dificuldades de comunicação. O Caminho do Viamão é aqui um pretexto para exercitar o que chamamos de Arqueologia da Paisagem, além de permitir espacializar territorialidades interimperiais analisadas do ponto de vista de suas dinâmicas cotidianas, com foco na cultura material e nas práticas sociais em suas interfaces com aspectos geomorfológicos e fitofisionômicos. No artigo, essa paisagem cultural é analisada em sua pluralidade, natural e antrópica, por meio de fontes primárias do século XVIII e dos primórdios do XIX, descrevendo-se o dia a dia das comitivas, o perfil social dos viajantes e o que havia na bagagem dos tropeiros.
A aventura toponímica dos sertões das capitanias do Norte e do Estado do Maranhão: paisagem, povoamento e diversidade
Authors: ARRAES DAMIÃO ESDRAS ARAUJO
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O artigo se propõe a reconstruir as paisagens pregressas dos sertões das capitanias do Norte e do Estado do Maranhão (capitanias do Piauí e Maranhão), entre os séculos XVI e XIX, a partir do cotejamento das toponímias relacionadas em fontes primárias cartográficas e manuscritas. Por meio dos topônimos é possível auferir e conferir que os sertões não se limitavam às imagens do vazio e da homogeneidade. Ao contrário, eles eram formados por paisagens, espaços e territórios construídos igualmente por uma sociedade diversificada de índios, africanos e europeus. Inicialmente, reflete-se sobre o papel arqueológico da toponímia no intuito de decifrar as economias ocultas nas palavras, mas que construíram os territórios dos sertões. Lança-se luz aos lugares situados em zonas de produção do “sal da terra”, uma mercadoria que conectou sobretudo os sertões do rio São Francisco com as capitanias vizinhas. A seguir, verifica-se como o léxico de origem indígena foi essencial ao povoamento e conhecimento dos sertões. Como consideração final, verifica-se a aventura toponímica inserida num jogo de escalas, tomando, no âmbito urbano, os nomes das ruas da cidade de Oeiras do Piauí como estudo de caso. O método utilizado vale-se de escalas geográficas flexíveis que celebram as vivências e paisagens desde o intraurbano até a macroescala.
Changes, Losses, and Challenges on Transformation of the Urban Place: A Narrative on Istiklal Street, Istanbul from the 1900s Until Today
Authors: Kartal Asiye Nisa
Published: July 2021

Abstract Over the years, the socio-cultural structures, architectural compositions of Istanbul have changed gradually. Unavoidably, Istanbul's urban places have been affected as they have gained new faces through the wrong-driven, top-down, controversial changing processes. Especially since the 1990s, the changes have gained momentum, many controversial modifications have occurred in the heart of Istanbul. Istiklal Street has turned into a symbol of the transformation that Istanbul has been going through. The process brought about the rapid disintegration of the Street's unique, hybrid constitutions and distinctive qualifications. Nearly all the characteristic landmarks that made Istiklal Street special have disappeared one by one and the area is converting into a place that has lost its spirit. To understand how the Street has shaped historically and what has lied at the behind stages, the study begins with a qualitative discussion on the formation of the area since the 1900s. But the focus of the narrative is based on the period from 1990 until today with an explanatory approach to criticise by which mechanisms and actions the area transformed and come today. The study stresses that the potentials of the urban probabilities, socio-spatial compositions, tangible and intangible features are responsible for the future of this place.
Pollination by hummingbirds of Vriesea gigantea (Bromeliaceae) populations in Southern Brazil
Authors: Paggi Gecele Matos , Palma-Silva Clarisse , Bered Fernanda
Published: July 2021

Abstract The pollination syndrome hypothesis usually does not successfully apply to the diversity of floral phenotypes or help predict the pollinators of most plant species. In Bromeliaceae, there is a wide range of floral visitors, making its species ideal to test for a correlation between nectar and floral traits with pollination syndrome. In this study, we analyzed the floral features, nectar production patterns, pollinators and floral visitors of Vriesea gigantea, and discussed its potential adaptive and ecological significance. We study three natural populations from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil. The species presented protogyny and herkogamy, and its anthesis occurred at different periods among different populations. Vriesea gigantea has a relatively constant rate of nectar production during the day that continues overnight but at a reduced rate. Newly opened flowers already have around 80.0 μl of nectar. Although classified as chiropterophilous, based on flower morphology and pollinator observations, our results show that hummingbirds are effective pollinators in the studied populations of V. gigantea.
Exploração qualitativa do itinerário terapêutico de crianças com deficiência física na Nigéria usando análise de conteúdo temática
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Onilude Adetola Taiwo , Oyewole Olufemi Oyeleye , Olorunmoteni Oluwatosin Eunice , Fatoye Clara , Ogundele Abiola Oladele , Fatoye Francis
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo Explorar o itinerário terapêutico na busca de cuidados para crianças com deficiências físicas pelos cuidadores. Métodos Um plano qualitativo descritivo que recrutou nove cuidadores de crianças com deficiência física, com consentimento, que frequentavam um Hospital Universitário Nigeriano. Foi utilizado um guia de entrevista semi-estruturado para coletar dados sobre o itinerário terapêutico, que foi definido como os caminhos percorridos pelos indivíduos para resolver o seu problema de saúde. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas literalmente. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a análise do conteúdo temático. Resultados os temas emergentes revelaram que os cuidadores iniciaram o itinerário terapêutico para os respetivos filhos após a observação de quaisquer deficiências que vão para além de doenças casuais. A falta de capacidade dos hospitais privados, que servem como ponto inicial de entrada na busca de cuidados, encorajou a procura por cuidados nos hospitais públicos, lares espirituais, e clínicas tradicionais. A entrada na fisioterapia dependia de auto-referências, referências por parentes e médicos. Cuidar de crianças com deficiência física prejudicou de modo significativo a vida social, as finanças, o trabalho do cuidador; e expectativas não alcançadas de que a criança melhorasse o mais cedo possível encorajaram um pluralismo contínuo. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O fato de ter crianças com deficiências e de ter havido atraso nos progressos levou os cuidadores a práticas múltiplas e complexas na busca de cuidados de saúde.
Práticas de enfermeiros de um hospital universitário na continuidade do cuidado para a atenção primária
Authors: Oliveira Lays Souza de , Costa Maria Fernanda Baeta Neves Alonso da , Hermida Patrícia Madalena Vieira , Andrade Selma Regina de , Debetio Juanah Oliveira , Lima Larissa Martins Novaes de
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo compreender as práticas dos enfermeiros de um hospital universitário na continuidade do cuidado para a atenção primária. Método estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo, realizado entre agosto e novembro de 2019, em hospital universitário no Sul do Brasil, com 21 enfermeiros e a diretora de Enfermagem, aplicando-se, respectivamente, um instrumento on-line na plataforma Survey Monkey e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo segundo Minayo. Resultados emergiram três categorias: práticas dos enfermeiros; fortalezas e fragilidades e competências para a continuidade do cuidado. Na admissão e alta, os enfermeiros realizam entrevista e exame físico do paciente. Os pontos positivos foram a comunicação e o conhecimento do contexto familiar da equipe multiprofissional hospitalar e os negativos, a falta de sistema informatizado, a integração dos profissionais do hospital com a atenção primária, o enfermeiro gestor de altas e o protocolo de contrarreferência. A continuidade do cuidado requer, dos enfermeiros, experiência profissional, conhecimento sobre a rede de atenção, habilidades de comunicação, liderança e tomada de decisão. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os enfermeiros compreendem a importância da continuidade do cuidado, entretanto, algumas fragilidades encontradas na instituição dificultam a realização dessas práticas.
Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on functionality in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Azevedo Izaura Muniz , Gondim Ihana Thaís Guerra de Oliveira , Silva Kássia Maria Clemente da , Oliveira Cleysiane de Araujo , Lins Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly , Coriolano Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales
Published: July 2021

Abstract Introduction: Functionality is affected by the clinical characteristics and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: Assess the effects of a therapeutic exercise program associated with music-based rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on the Activities and Participation Profile (APP) related to mobility of people with PD. Methods: Intervention study investigating people with moderate PD recruited from the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco and the Parkinson’s Disease Association of Pernambuco. The APP related to mobility of the participants was assessed based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). The APP contains 23 activity/participation items scored from 0 (no problem) to 4 (complete problem). The intervention consisted of 10 outpatient sessions of a therapeutic exercise program associated with music-based RAS, applied using a smartphone application (ParkinSONS®), performed twice a week, with an average duration of 50 minutes per session. Given the metric nature of the variable and its non-normal distribution, Wilcoxon’s test was applied, considering p < 0.05. Results: In the sample of 8 patients, there was a significant decline in APP scores after intervention (p = 0.018*), indicating a positive change. Scores for all the APP activities decreased following the intervention, except for “transferring oneself to the left side while lying down”. Conclusion: In this study, a therapeutic exercise program associated with music-based RAS had a positive effect on the APP related to mobility of people with moderate PD.
Hospitalização e morte por COVID-19 e sua relação com determinantes sociais da saúde e morbidades no Espírito Santo: um estudo transversal
Authors: Mascarello Keila Cristina , Vieira Anne Caroline Barbosa Cerqueira , Souza Ana Sara Semeão de , Marcarini Wena Dantas , Barauna Valério Garrone , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre determinantes sociais e morbidades para os desfechos de internação, internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e óbito por COVID-19 no Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal, com dados secundários de casos confirmados de COVID-19 notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalências. Resultados Foram estudados 104.384 casos, notificados entre 28 de fevereiro e 1º de setembro de 2020. Os desfechos em estudo foram mais frequentes entre indivíduos do sexo masculino, idosos, de raça/cor da pele amarela ou preta, sem escolaridade, com multimorbidade. Todas as morbidades associaram-se a maior risco de desfechos desfavoráveis. Observou-se maior risco de óbito entre pessoas com idade superior a 60 anos (RP=56,31 - IC95% 34,24;92,61), multimorbidades (RP=3,63 - IC95% 3,16;4,17), doença renal (RP=3,42 - IC95% 2,81;4,15) e neoplasias (RP=3,15 - IC95% 2,41;4,13). Conclusão Evidencia-se o efeito dos determinantes sociais e morbidades em internação e óbitos por COVID-19.
Cobertura vacinal em crianças de até 2 anos de idade beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família, Brasil
Authors: Barcelos Raquel Siqueira , Santos Iná S. , Munhoz Tiago N. , Blumenberg Cauane , Bortolotto Caroline C. , Matijasevich Alicia , Salum Cristiane , Santos Júnior Hernane Guimarães dos , Santos Letícia Marques dos , Correia Luciano , Souza Marta Rovery de , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de , Altafim Elisa , Macana Esmeralda Correa , Victora Cesar G.
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a cobertura vacinal, conforme o calendário do Programa Nacional de Imunizações, entre crianças beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família, Brasil, segundo nível socioeconômico da família e características maternas. Métodos Foram avaliadas 3.242 crianças menores de 12 meses de vida entre agosto de 2018 e abril de 2019, sendo 3.008 delas reavaliadas entre setembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. As análises foram realizadas utilizando-se modelos multiníveis (nível 3, Unidade da Federação; nível 2, município; nível 1, crianças). Resultados A cobertura vacinal foi 2,5 vezes maior no primeiro (61,0% - IC95% 59,3;62,6%), comparado ao segundo acompanhamento (24,8% - IC95% 22,8;25,9%) (p<0,001). No primeiro acompanhamento, a cobertura foi maior no quintil mais rico (67,9%) e entre as crianças cujas mães tinham ≥9 anos de escolaridade (63,3%). No segundo acompanhamento, não houve diferenças. As maiores coberturas ocorreram entre 0,5-2,5 (93,5%) e 12,5-15,5 meses (34,4%), respectivamente primeiro e segundo acompanhamentos. Conclusão Encontrou-se baixa cobertura, tanto no primeiro quanto no segundo ano de vida.
Sarcocystis neurona and related Sarcocystis spp. shed by opossums (Didelphis spp.) in South America
Authors: Gondim Luís Fernando Pita , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Moré Gastón , Jesus Rogério Fernando de , Llano Horwald Alexander Bedoya
Published: July 2021

Abstract Protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis are obligatory heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidia that infect a wide variety of animals and encompass approximately 200 described species. At least four Sarcocystis spp. (S. falcatula, S. neurona, S. lindsayi and S. speeri) use opossums (Didelphis spp.) as definitive hosts, and two of them, S. neurona and S. falcatula, are known to cause disease in horses and birds, respectively. Opossums are restricted to the Americas, but their distribution in the Americas is heterogeneous. Five Didelphis spp. are distributed in South America (D. aurita, D. albiventris, D. marsupialis, D. imperfecta and D. pernigra) whereas just one opossum species (D. virginiana) is found in North America. Studies conducted in the last decades show that Sarcocystis spp., derived from South American Didelphis spp., have biological and genetic differences in relation to Sarcocystis spp. shed by the North American opossum D. virginiana. The aim of this review was to address the peculiar scenario of Sarcocystis species shed by South American opossums, with a special focus on diagnosis, epidemiology, and animal infections, as well as the genetic characteristics of these parasites.
Polymerase chain reaction using conjunctival swab samples for detecting Leishmania DNA in dogs
Authors: Magalhães Karen Araújo , Pussi Kamily Fagundes , Araújo Hélton Krisman de , Carmo Silvia Barbosa do , Friozi Elisabete , Branquinho Lidiane Schultz , Lima Junior Manoel Sebastião da Costa , Neitzke-Abreu Herintha Coeto
Published: July 2021

Abstract The dog is the main domestic reservoir of Leishmania and font of infection for the vector, constituting an important host for the transmission of the parasite to humans. Non-invasive collection of swab samples for leishmaniasis diagnosis has been a promising alternative. This study analyzed the positivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in conjunctiva samples. DNA extraction was performed using SDS 20% and PCR was performed using 13A/13B primers that amplify 120-bp of Leishmania kDNA. Of the 77 dogs analyzed, 50 (64.93%) had ocular changes: 25 (32.47%) dogs had periocular lesion, 41 (53.25%) dogs had purulent eye discharge, and 17 (22.08%) dogs had both signals. PCR was positive in 35 dogs (45.45%), and there was no significant difference between dogs with and without ocular signals (p=0.4074). PCR positivity was significant higher in dogs without periocular injury (p=0.0018). Conjunctive PCR, a less invasive, fast, and painless collection technique, is indicated to complement the diagnosis, especially in dogs without periocular injury, independent of the presence of purulent eye discharge.
First report of Amblyomma latepunctatum and the second record of Ixodes luciae in the state of Acre, Brazil
Authors: Tojal Simone Delgado , Meneguetti Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira , Martins Thiago Fernandes , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Aguirre André de Abreu Rangel , Siebra Emilly Amanda Mesquita , Cruz Karoline Silva da , Camargo Luís Marcelo Aranha
Published: July 2021

Abstract The state of Acre is in the western part of the Brazilian Amazon region and few studies involving ticks are available. The aim of the present study was to provide the first report of occurrence of Amblyomma latepunctatum and the second record of Ixodes luciae in Acre. Ticks were collected in October 2020 inside an open forested area in the municipality of Rio Branco, the state capital of Acre. Ixodid ticks were identified according to their external morphological characteristics. Three specimens were found on the vegetation by means of a visual search and were identified as Amblyomma scalpturatum (one male and one female) and Amblyomma latepunctatum (one male). Another specimen was found parasitizing a Didelphis marsupialis female that was caught using a Tomahawk trap; this was identified as Ixodes luciae (one male). This first report of A. latepunctatum in the state of Acre increases the number of species recorded here to 22. In addition, presence of I. luciae is confirmed in this state (second record), in the western Brazilian Amazon region.
Overlapped joints in Textile Reinforced Concrete with UHPC matrix: An experimental investigation
Authors: Rossi Edoardo , Randl Norbert , Harsányi Peter , Mészöly Tamás
Published: July 2021

When producing a Textile Reinforced Concrete structure or element, joining separate textile layers might be a necessity, driven for example by the limited dimensions of commercially available fabrics. A possible way of producing such joints is by overlapping different textile sheets. Overlapped joints, however, need to be cast with particular attention since they might represents weak elements of the structure, leading to premature failure. An experimental campaign was performed, aimed at identifying the effects of a symmetric vs non-symmetric arrangement of the textile fabrics within the overlapping length and tensile characteristics of the matrix on such type of joints. Fifteen specimens, produced using a fully epoxy impregnated carbon textile fabric and an Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) matrix, were tested under tension in a uniaxial setup and measurements were performed using a Digital Image Correlation system. The in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of each specimen was studied. The results highlight the importance of producing symmetric elements as well as the beneficial effects that the admixture of short dispersed steel fibres to the cementitious matrix provide to such kind of joints
Housing Market Tightness During COVID-19: Increased Demand or Reduced Supply?
Authors: Anenberg Elliot , Ringo Daniel
Published: July 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the housing market has tightened considerably. The tighter housing market could reflect increased demand (higher inflow of buyers to the market), reduced supply (lower inflow of sellers to the market), or some combination of the two.
Seasonal Unemployment Rate Differences by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: McCallum Andrew H. , Payne Alexis
Published: July 2021

The labor market experiences of Americans differ by race, ethnicity, and gender. For example, between 1977 and 2019, the monthly standard deviation (volatility) of the unemployment rate for Black workers was 3.2 percent, substantially higher than the 1.5 percent experienced by their white counterparts.
Autopercepción de la preparación docente ante el COVID-19 en México
Authors: Zamora-Betancourt María del Rosario , Portillo-Peñuelas Samuel , Reynoso-González Oscar Ulises , Caldera-Montes Juan Francisco
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Formular un modelo explicativo de la autopercepción de la preparación docente para enfrentar los retos educativos de la emergencia sanitaria COVID-19 en profesores mexicanos de Educación Básica quienes han iniciado el ciclo escolar 2020-2021 en modalidad virtual. Método: Se trabajó un diseño no experimental de alcance explicativo. La muestra de tipo incidental quedó conformada por 2010 docentes provenientes de 15 Estados de la República Mexicana. Los datos fueron recabados a través de un cuestionario ad hoc constituido por 15 reactivos en torno a tres categorías: Dispositivos y conectividad, Apoyo familiar e institucional y Capacitación. Después de confirmar la relación entre la preparación docente con el resto de las variables, se ejecutó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mediante el método escalonado.Resultados:se obtuvo un modelo de nueve variables que explicaron el 34.4% de la varianza.Discusión y Conclusiones:se confirma que el dominio de las herramientas de comunicación remota, disponer de los dispositivos y recursos tecnológicos necesarios, emprender acciones de capacitación autogestiva y percibir un adecuado apoyo institucional y familiar, son factores que explican la autopercepción de la preparación docente al momento de realizar actividades de enseñanza remota.
Body composition assessment and sarcopenia in patients with biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol) v1
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Matsui Ryota , Sasanuma Hideki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sata Naohiro
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study will be to assess the impact of assessment of body composition in patients with biliary tract cancer.
Consumption of Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) (Psittaciformes, Psittacidae) by Sapajus cay Illiger, 1815 (Primates, Cebidae) in Midwest region of Brazil
Authors: Peixoto-Couto Rodney Murillo , Dos Santos Vanderley Pereira , Dias-Silva Fernanda
Published: July 2021

The interaction between native and exotic species can cause changes both in the food-chain and in aspects of competition for trophic resources, such as predation. Predatory events are common in nature, but difficult and usually recorded opportunistically. Here we present the first report of trophic interaction involving a species of exotic bird (Melopsittacus undulatus) and a species of native primate (Sapajus cay). Capuchin monkeys have already been recorded feeding on a wide variety of vertebrates, including frogs, lizards, birds, mammals, and even other species of primates. Although the record of the non-native M. undulatus in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul indicates a possible domestic escape, the record of predation may represent a beneficial trophic interaction for the ecosystem, preventing M. undulatus from becoming an invasive alien species. Studies are needed to assess what risks are posed by domestic species being preyed upon by native species.
Analysis and comparison of metal-doped on Graphene-Genistein using QM/MM calculations
Authors: Alihosseini Afshar , Choupani Marziyeh , Monajjemi Majid , Sakhaeinia Hossein
Published: July 2021

Genistein (5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone) is an isoflavone abundantly found in soy and other legumes and acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). When testing for similar abilities among other flavonoids, it has been found to be a strong topoisomerase inhibitor. Similar to some high-dose chemotherapy drugs, it was strongly toxic to normal cells. In this study, the adsorption of genistein on the surface of exclusive graphene and Ni, Ti, Cr, and Se-doped graphene was theoretically evaluated by means of density functional theory calculation. Initially, we varied the position of genistein from the surface of pristine and decorated graphene by changing the distances between (1-5 Å) and gained the Ead and Egap for each situation. Our calculation indicated that adsorption energies (Ead) of pristine genistein to graphene with Ni decorated graphene, Ti-     decorated graphene, and Cr-decorated graphene and Se-decorated graphene are: 954.984, 318.168, 797.480, 946.725, 958.154 kcal/mole, respectively, and the calculated values of adsorption energy in the equilibrium distance (de=3.918OA.) of genistein to Ni-decorated graphene reveal that apparently genistein- Ni-decorated graphene as the most energetically favorable position was correctly selected in comparison with other atom     -decorated graphene. In consequence, we explain the density of states (Doss) and frontier molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO for Ni-decorated graphene and complexes with genistein; therefore, data confirmed that a positive charge of Ni-decorated graphene for nucleophile molecules could be achieved.
FEATURES OF THE HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF HOUSEHOLD DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS
Authors: STRELKOV Alexander K. , ZOTOV Yuri N. , MIKHAILOVA Irina Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the practical implementation of changes in the current system of legal regulation in the fi eld of water supply and sanitation of apartment buildings. The results of the analysis of operational and design standards of water consumption are presented. The necessity of adjusting the normative and technical documents in terms of improving the methodological foundations of designing indoor cold and hot water supply systems for an apartment building and creating a legitimate methodological toolkit is shown. Recommendations have been developed to supplement the norms of the set of rules 30.13330.2016 “Internal water supply and sewerage systems of buildings. Updated edition of SNiP 2.04.01-85 *».
ORTAOKUL MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN EĞİTİMDE KULLANILAN OYUNLARIN KÜLTÜR, EĞİTİM VE İLİŞKİLENDİRME AÇISINDAN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Obay Mustafa , Çelik Halil Coşkun
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı oyunla matematik öğretiminde ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin deneyimlerini incelemektir. Ayrıca çalışmada oyunla matematik öğretiminde kültür olgusunun yeri ve etkisi, bir oyunun yararlı olabilmesi için gerekli koşulların neler olabileceği de değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemine dayalı fenomenolojik yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için seçilen örneklem ortaokul matematik öğretmenleridir ve amaçsal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen toplam 24 katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formunda katılımcıların oyunla matematik öğretiminin olumlu ve olumsuz yanları hakkındaki düşüncelerini içeren sorulara yer verilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için içerik analizi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada matematik eğitiminde kullanılabilir oyunların bazı özellikleri barındırmaları durumunda matematik eğitimi açısından istenen edinimleri sağlayabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu niteliklerin en önemli basamağı ölçme değerlendirme kriteri taşımasıdır. Bunun yanında oyunların eğlenceli olması, motivasyonu olumlu etkilemesi, birlikte öğrenmeyi teşvik etmesi, bireysel farklılıkları en aza indirmesi gibi özelliklerini kaybetmemelidir. Oyunların kasıtlı kullanılması gerektiği ancak öğrencilerin bu kasıttan habersiz olması önem taşımaktadır.
Recurrent posterior elbow dislocation caused by congenital abnormalities in a 7-year-old child
Authors: Proshchenko Yaroslav N. , Sigareva Yulia A.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Congenital posterior elbow dislocation in children is a rare and scarcely reported condition. Owing to the difficulties of an early primary diagnosis and the lack of a standardized management, we present a clinical case of an analysis of surgical treatment according to literature and based on our experience.
CLINICAL CASE: We present a case of congenital posterior elbow dislocation in a 7-year-old child. In the absence of a universal algorithm for surgical treatment, we performed an arthrotomy for visual assessment of articular surfaces, intervention on the capsule and tendons of m. brachialis, m. biceps brachii, m. brachioradialis, and modeling of the proximal epiphysis of the right radius.
DISCUSSION: We analyzed surgical treatment options and made an overview of the main stabilizers of the elbow joint that prevent elbow dislocations. There are few publications on this condition; to our knowledge, over the past 10 years, only two clinical cases of a similar pathology in children had been published. Not a single case of congenital elbow dislocation in the neonatal period has been described. We analyzed early clinical manifestations and possible causes of delayed primary diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent posterior elbow dislocation of the congenital origin is associated with a functional deficiency of elbow joint stabilizers. In the neonatal period, these abnormalities are usually not detected. The first episode of dislocation may be triggered by a minor trauma without damaging the bone structures. Delayed primary diagnosis may be associated with the paucity of clinical symptoms and compensatory functionality in children. The decision on surgical correction should be based on the analysis of structural anatomical changes in the assessment, of which magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role.
Use of torso orthoses in the treatment of congenital spinal deformities: A literature review
Authors: Redchenko Ignatij А. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Gusev Maxim G. , Lein Grigoriy A. , Pavlov Ivan V.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Congenital malformations of the spine require urgent treatment, despite the popularity of this problem. The choice of the term and method of surgical treatment of congenital spinal deformities with vertebral malformations does not have diametrically opposed views in the domestic and foreign literature, but the scientific discussion continues regarding the use of orthotics. Currently, several designs of orthoses on the trunk are known worldwide, which can be used not only for idiopathic but also for congenital scoliosis. А unified view of the use of this type of complex treatment is necessary, but there are opposite opinions in the scientific literature.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze publications that present the use of torso orthoses in the treatment of congenital malformations of the spine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for data in the open electronic databases of PubMed and e-LIBRARY using the following keywords and phrases: congenital deformity of the spine, congenital scoliosis, orthosis, and effectiveness of orthosis. The search covered 30 years of literature.
RESULTS: Several authors have reported a significant correction of the congenital curves using orthotics, but this issue has not been sufficiently studied and is still at the research stage. Some specialists consider the formation or progression after the operation of compensatory counter-curve above or below the established metal structure, which can be corrected not only by repeated surgery, but also by using orthoses.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear trend toward complex treatment of children with isolated congenital malformations of the spine, including a reasonable combination of surgical treatment and orthotics. In Europe and Russia, preference is given to the Rigo system Cheneau brace.
Seismic response of a class of alluvial valleys for incidentSHwaves
Authors: Sánchez-Sesma Francisco J. , Chávez-García Francisco J. , Bravo Miguel A.
Published: July 2021

An approximate solution is presented for the surface ground motion on a class of alluvial valleys under incident SH waves. It is based on the existence of a complete family of rays supported by the basin's boundaries. It is approximate, as diffraction is neglected.

This method is developed initially for rigid bases and extended to consider deformable boundary and arbitrary incidence angles. Comparison of results with a more rigorous solution shows very good agreement at a much lower computational effort. Time domain results are presented for different property contrasts and incidence angles.

The method is suited to study time domain resonse of a family of alluvial deposits, due to its low cost and practically no upper frequency limit.
Shallow structure effects on broadband teleseismic P waveforms
Authors: Owens Thomas J. , Crosson Robert S.
Published: July 2021

The first 5 sec of source-equalized P-wave receiver functions from an array of broadband portable instruments located about 50 km from the coast in western Washington are strongly influenced by very shallow structure (depths less than 3 km). These data display behavior associated with a dipping, high-velocity contrast interface at shallow depths. The direct P wave and the P-to-S converted phase vary strongly with backazimuth producing an apparent delay in first arriving energy at western backazimuths. These patterns are attributed to a shallow contact between low-velocity sandstones at the surface and an underlying high-velocity volcanic unit. This shallow structure influences even the original unprocessed teleseismic P waves, suggesting that such shallow structure could affect other studies, such as seismic source analysis, utilizing broadband data.
On the use of P-wave seismograms to identify a double-couple source
Authors: Pearce R. G. , Hudson J. A. , Douglas A.
Published: July 2021

We examine the likelihood of observing different values of the relative amplitude of P, pP, and sP on an earthquake seismogram, given that the source is a point double couple at a known teleseismic distance, with an unknown orientation and every orientation equally likely. A display referred to as a compatibility plot is devised to show the probability density of seismogram types over the complete range of amplitude ratios and is computed for seismograms observed at selected source-receiver distances. These plots show in a quantitative way that the occurrence of seismograms from a double-couple source is highly nonuniform within the range of amplitude ratios and that, for many of the ratios, seismograms are not generated for any orientation. It is thereby concluded that individual teleseismic relative amplitude observations can provide powerful evidence for or against the validity of the double-couple assumption. Differences in, for example, source layer velocity and above-source velocity structure are shown to have only a limited effect, so that real data can provide valuable measurements, even when appropriately wide error bounds are placed on the relative amplitudes to allow for all sources of uncertainty. A pronounced linear concentration of probability density is identified on some compatibility plots, and its existence is verified analytically.
Identification of multiple underground explosions using the relative amplitude method
Authors: Clark R. A. , Pearce R. G.
Published: July 2021

The relative amplitude method is applied to the few available good quality teleseismic P-wave seismograms from five presumed double nuclear explosions and one known multiple chemical explosion, under the “naive” assumption that the observed multiple arrivals correspond to P, pP, and sP from a single earthquake—an interpretation which is indeed consistent with the body-wave arrival time data in most cases. The purpose is to investigate the ability of relative amplitudes to identify correctly such multiple events for which established discrimination criteria may give earthquake-like or ambiguous results. For five of the examples, observed relative amplitudes from only four azimuthally well-distributed array seismograms are sufficient to exclude the single-earthquake interpretation. Deliberate attempts to simulate earthquake teleseismic P wave-forms using multiple explosions are restricted to simulation studies, and one of these is analyzed here using the same approach. We conclude that relative amplitudes can act as a valuable aid to source discrimination in cases where complexity gives rise to fallibility of conventional discriminants, even where only a small number of well-distributed teleseismic short-period array seismograms are available, their signal-to-noise ratios being maximized by suitable array design and careful choice of array site. The network need not be dense, since closely spaced observations of the focal sphere generally embody a large measure of redundancy.
Elastic finite-difference modeling of cross-hole seismic data
Authors: Hu Liang-Zie , McMechan George A. , Harris Jerry M.
Published: July 2021

Cross-hole seismic data exhibit unique characteristics not seen in surface survey data or even in vertical seismic profile data. These are, to a large extent, due to the near-horizontal propagation involved. Transmitted, reflected, evanescent, guided, and converted waves are all prominent; these require an elastic algorithm for realistic simulation. Elastic finite-differences are used to synthesize responses (both fixed-time snapshots and seismogram profiles) for a series of two-dimensional models of increasing complexity. Special emphasis is given to guided waves in continuous and segmented low-velocity zones.
Improved transparent boundary formulations for the elastic-wave equation
Authors: Stacey Richard
Published: July 2021

It is shown that the paraxial approximations to the wave equation used by Clayton and Engquist can be improved upon, allowing more accurate finite-difference formulations at internal boundaries and corners, and formulations that are stable over a wider range of the parameters.
Soil-structure interaction at CDMG and USGS accelerograph stations
Authors: Crouse C. B. , Hushmand Behnam
Published: July 2021

Forced harmonic and impulse-response vibration tests were conducted at several California accelerograph stations operated by the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to determine the extent to which soil-structure interaction may be affecting the recorded ground motions. The results of the tests on the foundations comprising USGS Station 6 in the Imperial Valley and CDMG Cholame 1E and Fault Zone 3 stations in the Cholame Valley indicated the presence of highly damped fundamental frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz. However, at the much larger Differential Array station, a masonry-block structure approximately 6 km southwest of Station 6, a moderately damped fundamental frequency of 12 Hz was observed.

Approximate transfer functions between earthquake motions recorded at the stations and the free-field motions were computed from the response data obtained from the forced harmonic vibration tests. For the three smaller stations, these functions showed peak amplification factors ranging from 1.25 to 1.4 at frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz. The amplification at smaller frequencies was insignificant. For the Differential Array station, the amplification factor was 1.5 at 12 Hz and was roughly 0.6 for frequencies between 14 and 25 Hz. These results suggest that soil-structure interaction will have little effect on ground motions recorded at the smaller stations provided that most of the energy in these motions is confined to frequencies less than approximately 20 Hz. However, at the Differential Array station, soil-structure interaction probably has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on the motions recorded at this station.
Duration and depth of faulting of the 22 June 1977 Tonga earthquake
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Lay Thorne
Published: July 2021

The 22 June 1977 (Mw = 8.2) Tonga earthquake has the longest rupture duration ever reported for a normal fault event. The 150-km depth range spanned by aftershocks of the earthquake is also unusually large. There has been substantial controversy over both the depth and duration of faulting for this great event, obscuring its tectonic significance. We study the source process of the Tonga event using long-period Rayleigh waves recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (IDA) networks. For a standard assumption of a Haskell source, a total duration of 84 ± 4 sec is obtained using a least-squares inversion method. We introduce the use of the spectral amplitude as a weighting factor in measuring the misfit between the data and a given source finiteness model, which reduces the scatter and improves the resolution of source duration determined from data ranging in period from 150 to 300 sec. Using a more realistic shape for the source-time function in the inversion (drawing upon results from body-wave analysis) reveals a much longer (165-sec process time) component of the source process of the Tonga earthquake. The fundamental mode Rayleigh waves do not resolve any horizontal source directivity. However, the centroid depth of the earthquake is well resolved as 96 km with 90 per cent confidence range (93, 104 km). The estimated error in the depth determination due to the uncertainties in the source finiteness and earth models is only a few kilometers. The results indicate that the rupture of the earthquake excited long-period seismic waves at depths somewhat greater than the 70 to 80 km depth range where the primary body-wave radiation occurred, favoring rupture on the steeply dipping plane of the focal mechanism. The fundamental mode Rayleigh waves with periods longer than 150 sec cannot resolve vertical extent of the faulting; however, additional information from body-wave and free oscillation analyses indicates a vertical fault extent of about 50 km with a frequency-dependent variation in seismic radiation with depth.
Estimation of earthquake hazard parameters from incomplete data files. Part I. Utilization of extreme and complete catalogs with different threshold magnitudes
Authors: Kijko A. , Sellevoll M. A.
Published: July 2021

The maximum likelihood estimation of earthquake hazard parameters (maximum regional magnitude, mmax, earthquake activity rate λ, and b parameter in the Gutenberg-Richter equation) is extended to the case of mixed data containing large historical events and recent complete observations. The method accepts variable quality of complete data in different parts of a catalog with different threshold magnitude values. As an illustration, the procedure is applied for the estimation of seismicity parameters in the area of Calabria and eastern Sicily.