bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of trihalomethanes in water by ZnO@kaolinite composite: integrated experimental and modeling studies
Authors: Ezzat Enas , Mishaqa El-Sayed I. , Mohamed O. A. , Shehata Nabila
Published: September 2024

The adsorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) from drinking water was investigated in the current study through comparison studies of kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites. The clay structural network's successful immobilization on the zincite hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles’ lattice layers was verified by the SEM/EDX analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal of THMs was achieved by kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites after 60 min. The adsorption performance of the ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites was greater than that of kaolinite because the former had a larger surface area than the latter. The Freundlich isotherm model best matched the adsorption experimental data, which also reveals the existence of multilayer adsorption on a diverse surface with the greatest correlation (R2 = 0.956 and 0.954, respectively) for both nanoadsorbents using the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), mixed 1, 2-order (MFSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The mechanism by which THMs in drinking water adsorb onto nanoadsorbents was examined. This revealed that both intraparticle and film diffusion were involved in the adsorption process. Kaolinite and ZnO@kaolinite nanocomposites can be used in water treatment to remove THMs due to their great recyclable and reusable properties, even after six cycles.
ANGPTL4-the Link Binding Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Yueqi , liang Jingwen , Li Zhi , Zuo Yuyue , Dai Lei
Published: September 2024

Background:

Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) belongs to the family of angiopoietin-
like proteins. The involvement of ANGPTL4 in various aspects of lipid
metabolism and inflammation has become an important area of research.

Methods:

A thorough search on PubMed related to ANGPTL4, lipid metabolism, and inflammation
was performed.

Results:

Over the past two decades, the recognition of ANGPTL4 as a potent regulator
of lipid metabolism has substantially increased. As part of the senescence-associated secretory
phenotype, ANGPTL4 also serves as an inflammatory mediator. Considering the
advancements in ANGPTL4 research, we have highlighted that ANGPTL4 acts as a key
node linking lipid metabolism and inflammation. ANGPTL4 impacts inflammation by
regulating lipid metabolism. It affects critical enzymes (lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase,
endothelial lipase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase), regulatory factors (AMPK,
cAMP, SLC7A11, GPX4, and mTOR), and receptors (LepR, CD36, and PPARγ) of
lipid oxidation, synthesis, and peroxidation, thereby affecting immune cells and inflammatory
pathways.

Conclusion:

Understanding the potential association and the therapeutic value of
ANGPTL4 for regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation could contribute to drug
discovery and therapeutic development.
Recent Advance in the Reductive Heck Cyclization for the Formation of Five to Nine Member Rings
Authors: Chakravorty Santanu
Published: September 2024

Palladium-catalyzed reactions are widely used for creating carbon-carbon and carbon-
heteroatom bonds, with the Heck reaction being particularly valuable for forming rings of
various sizes, including medium-sized rings. Recent reports have shown the synthetic potential
of intramolecular Heck reactions for assembling rings of seven or more members. While the
regioselectivity of this cyclization is often unpredictable in the absence of directing groups, the
reductive Heck cyclization strategy can help minimize this issue. Nickel catalysts are also valuable
due to their abundance and environmentally friendly nature, playing a pivotal role in
producing biologically significant carbocycles and heterocycles. The use of both Pd(0) and
Ni(0) catalysts, with or without chiral ligands, has been successful in forming five to ninemember
ring heterocycles and carbocycles in a simple, cost-effective manner. This review provides a comprehensive
survey of the literature from the past decade on the use of reductive Heck cyclization methodology,
including mechanistic details as needed.
An Overview of Biotechnological Drug’s Various Techniques of Downstream Process, Guideline’s and Different Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Demir Filiz , Albarri Raneen , Unal Durisehvar Ozer
Published: September 2024

Biotechnology, a field discovered in 1919, unites biology and engineering to harness
living organisms for medical purposes. Fueled by using DNA's discovery in the 1950s, biotechnology
has converted through genetic engineering, yielding impactful merchandise regulated by
means of entities like the FDA. The manufacturing involves upstream and downstream processing
including the various techniques involved in the downstream processing of biotechnological
drugs, along with relevant guidelines and chromatographic analysis methods. The biotechnological
industry, which integrates biological science with engineering, has significantly advanced
since the discovery of DNA's structure, leading to the development of biopharmaceuticals. These
drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and gene therapies, are produced
using living organisms and hold the potential for treating complex diseases. The downstream process,
a crucial phase in biopharmaceutical production, involves the purification and formulation of
drug products to meet stringent regulatory standards. Traditional techniques such as centrifugation,
filtration, and chromatography are employed to extract and purify biopharmaceuticals. Chromatographic
techniques, including ion exchange, affinity, and size exclusion chromatography,
play a pivotal role in achieving the desired purity levels. However, these methods are often time--
consuming and expensive, necessitating continuous advancements in the field. The paper highlights
the importance of regulatory guidelines, including cGMP, in ensuring the quality and safety
of biopharmaceuticals. It also discusses the significant role of organizations such as the FDA and
EMA in regulating biotechnological drug production. The evolution of downstream processing
techniques and the development of novel methods promise greater efficiency, scalability, and
cost-effectiveness in biopharmaceutical production. Understanding these advancements is essential
for continued growth and innovation in the industry, ultimately contributing to improved patient
care and pharmaceutical innovation.
Medicinal Plants and Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Jothika J. , Priya J. Mohana , Rajapandeeswari G. , Kalaimathi M.
Published: September 2024

Cancer is identified as the second-most deadly disease all over the world.
Various advancements have been made in the treatment of cancer to protect the life of
human beings. However, the side effects may destroy the lives of the patients.
Economically poor patients cannot afford the treatment, and they live short lives with
cancer. So nowadays, research is going on to search for drugs without any side effects
and that are cheap with good efficacy. Some medicinal plants have a lot of potential to
act as anticancer agents but are not medically proven as discussed in this chapter. This
review will focus on the various plant-derived chemical compounds that have shown
anticancer activity.
Analyzing Comorbidity Patterns in Patients With Thyroid Disease Using Large-Scale Electronic Medical Records: Network-Based Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Huang Yanqun , Chen Siyuan , Wang Yongfeng , Ou Xiaohong , Yan Huanhuan , Gan Xin , Wei Zhixiao
Published: September 2024

Background

Thyroid disease (TD) is a prominent endocrine disorder that raises global health concerns; however, its comorbidity patterns remain unclear.

Objective

This study aims to apply a network-based method to comprehensively analyze the comorbidity patterns of TD using large-scale real-world health data.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we extracted the comorbidities of adult patients with TD from both private and public data sets. All comorbidities were identified using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) codes at the 3-digit level, and those with a prevalence greater than 2% were analyzed. Patients were categorized into several subgroups based on sex, age, and disease type. A phenotypic comorbidity network (PCN) was constructed, where comorbidities served as nodes and their significant correlations were represented as edges, encompassing all patients with TD and various subgroups. The associations and differences in comorbidities within the PCN of each subgroup were analyzed and compared. The PageRank algorithm was used to identify key comorbidities.

Results

The final cohorts included 18,311 and 50,242 patients with TD in the private and public data sets, respectively. Patients with TD demonstrated complex comorbidity patterns, with coexistence relationships differing by sex, age, and type of TD. The number of comorbidities increased with age. The most prevalent TDs were nontoxic goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer, while hypertension, diabetes, and lipoprotein metabolism disorders had the highest prevalence and PageRank values among comorbidities. Males and patients with benign TD exhibited a greater number of comorbidities, increased disease diversity, and stronger comorbidity associations compared with females and patients with thyroid cancer.

Conclusions

Patients with TD exhibited complex comorbidity patterns, particularly with cardiocerebrovascular diseases and diabetes. The associations among comorbidities varied across different TD subgroups. This study aims to enhance the understanding of comorbidity patterns in patients with TD and improve the integrated management of these individuals.
Tracking the Spread of Pollen on Social Media Using Pollen-Related Messages From Twitter: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Martín , Fernandez Gonzalez María , Rodriguez-Rajo Francisco Javier , Fdez-Riverola Florentino
Published: September 2024

Background

Allergy disorders caused by biological particles, such as the proteins in some airborne pollen grains, are currently considered one of the most common chronic diseases, and European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology forecasts indicate that within 15 years 50% of Europeans will have some kind of allergy as a consequence of urbanization, industrialization, pollution, and climate change.

Objective

The aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the dissemination of information about pollen symptoms from December 2006 to January 2022. By conducting a comprehensive evaluation of public comments and trends on Twitter, the research sought to provide valuable insights into the impact of pollen on sensitive individuals, ultimately enhancing our understanding of how pollen-related information spreads and its implications for public health awareness.

Methods

Using a blend of large language models, dimensionality reduction, unsupervised clustering, and term frequency–inverse document frequency, alongside visual representations such as word clouds and semantic interaction graphs, our study analyzed Twitter data to uncover insights on respiratory allergies. This concise methodology enabled the extraction of significant themes and patterns, offering a deep dive into public knowledge and discussions surrounding respiratory allergies on Twitter.

Results

The months between March and August had the highest volume of messages. The percentage of patient tweets appeared to increase notably during the later years, and there was also a potential increase in the prevalence of symptoms, mainly in the morning hours, indicating a potential rise in pollen allergies and related discussions on social media. While pollen allergy is a global issue, specific sociocultural, political, and economic contexts mean that patients experience symptomatology at a localized level, needing appropriate localized responses.

Conclusions

The interpretation of tweet information represents a valuable tool to take preventive measures to mitigate the impact of pollen allergy on sensitive patients to achieve equity in living conditions and enhance access to health information and services.
The therapeutic effects of blood plasma transfusions in neurodegenerative conditions: a scoping review protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Kirton Michael James , Cox Emily R , Dalleck Lance , Lange Belinda , Drummond Claire , Chakraborty Ranjay , Beleigoli Alline , Ramos Joyce S
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions is expected to continue to rise, with current treatments largely focussed on management of symptoms, not disease progression. Exercise is a therapy that has significant favourable effects on a several of the modifiable risk factors that influence the development/progression of some neurodegenerative conditions. However, there are significant barriers to exercise for this population, warranting consideration of alternative or adjunct therapies. Blood plasma transfusion is an emerging non-pharmaceutical/non-exercise therapy that may have therapeutic effects on people and animal models with neurodegenerative conditions.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate and synthesise the literature on the therapeutic effects of young or exercised blood plasma transfusions in people and animal models with neurodegenerative conditions.

METHODS

We will include studies that have explored the therapeutic effects of young or exercised blood plasma transfusions in adults or animal models with neurodegenerative conditions. PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, ProQuest, and SPORTDiscus, PROSPERO, and multiple unpublished sources including book chapters, conference papers and theses will be searched to include literature from January 2004 to May 2024, written in English. Studies will be screened by two independent reviewers; a third reviewer will be used to resolve any conflicts. Data will be extracted into a modified charting tool and will be presented in graphical or tabular format combined with the appropriate narration.

RESULTS

The literature search was completed on June 21, 2024. After searching listed databases, 3646 citations and 13 grey literature articles were identified, of which 1432 duplicates were removed.

CONCLUSIONS

To the best of our knowledge, this study will be the first study with the aim of investigating the literature on the therapeutic effects of young or exercised blood plasma transfusions in people and animal models with neurodegenerative conditions.
Comparative reach of digital outreach strategies for colorectal cancer screening among primary care patients (Preprint)
Authors: Meadows Rachel J. , Gehr Aaron , Lu Yan , Smith James , Hall Tiesha , Kalman Kyra , Singh Anand , Kim Joseph , Ojha Rohit P.
Published: September 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Summary sentence: Patient portal has greater reach compared with text messaging among primary care patients due for colorectal cancer screening, but we observed disparities by age group, race/ethnicity, and preferred language.
Using synthetic healthcare data to leverage LLMs for named entity recognition: Method (Preprint)
Authors: Šuvalov Hendrik , Lepson Mihkel , Kukk Veronika , Malk Maria , Kuulmets Hele-Andra , Kolde Raivo
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Named entity recognition (NER) is critical for extracting medical entities from healthcare texts, enabling key applications in clinical decision support and data mining. However, developing NER models for low-resource languages like Estonian is challenging due to limited annotated data and pre-trained models. Large Language Models (LLM) have proven to be promising in understanding text from any language or domain.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to address the challenge of developing high-quality medical NER models for low-resource languages like Estonian. The objective is to overcome this limitation by leveraging synthetic Estonian healthcare data annotated with LLMs. The focus is on training an effective NER model on synthetic data for downstream tasks and using it on real-world, highly sensitive medical data.

METHODS

To tackle the scarcity of annotated data in Estonian healthcare texts, we employ a novel three step approach. First, synthetic Estonian healthcare data is generated using a locally trained model. Second, the data is annotated using LLMs. Finally, the annotated synthetic data is used to fine-tune a NER model. This paper compares the performance of different prompts, assesses the impact of GPT-3.5-Turbo, GPT-4 and a local LLM and explores the relationship between the amount of annotated synthetic data and model performance.

RESULTS

Our approach yields promising results in the extraction of named entities from real-world medical texts. Specifically, our best setup achieves an F1 score of 0.757 for extracting drugs and an F1 score of 0.395 for extracting procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, we show the results of leveraging LLMs for training NER models without risking the privacy of the sensitive medical data by using synthetic texts. These results are achieved without relying on real human-annotated data, highlighting the effectiveness of our methodology.
Associations of Abnormal Fluid Status, Plasma Sodium Disorders, and Low Dialysate Sodium with Mortality in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Pinter Jule , Canaud Bernard , Mayne Kaitlin J. , Stuard Stefano , Moissl Ulrich , Kooman Jeroen , Jager Kitty J. , Chesnaye Nicholas C. , Smyth Brendan , Genser Bernd
Published: September 2024

Key Points

This multicenter observational study followed 68,196 patients on hemodialysis over a decade and investigated the effect of cumulative exposure burden of abnormal fluid and sodium concentrations and dialysate sodium on mortality.

Of >2 million patient-months, 61% were spent in any degree of fluid overload, 28% in severe fluid overload, and 4% in fluid depletion; 11% were spent in hyponatremia and 1% in hypernatremia; and 64% were spent on low dialysate sodium.

Cumulative exposure to even mild fluid overload was associated with higher risk of death, and this association was independent of abnormal plasma sodium and low dialysate sodium.

Background

Abnormal fluid and plasma sodium concentrations are established prognostic factors for patients on hemodialysis. However, the cumulative effects of abnormal salt and water and potential effect modifications and the effect of dialysate sodium remain incompletely understood.

Methods

The study followed 68,196 patients on incident hemodialysis from 875 dialysis clinics in 25 countries over 10 years (2010–2020) investigating dose-response patterns between cumulative exposure time of fluid overload/depletion (measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy using the Fresenius Body Composition Monitor), abnormal plasma sodium levels, low dialysate sodium, and all-cause mortality. We calculated time-varying cumulative exposure (in months) of relative fluid overload (any degree; >7% or severe; >13 or >15% in women or men, respectively) and fluid depletion (<−7%), hypo- or hypernatremia (sodium <135 or >145 mmol/L, respectively), low dialysate sodium (≤138 mmol/L), and estimated hazard ratios for all-cause mortality using a multivariable Cox model.

Results

Of 2,123,957 patient-months, 61% were spent in any degree of fluid overload, 4% in fluid depletion, 11% in hyponatremia, and 1% in hypernatremia. Any degree of fluid overload was associated with higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio peak at 3.42 [95% confidence intervals, 3.12 to 3.75] relative to no exposure), and this association with all-cause mortality seemed to be stronger with severe fluid overload. The risk pattern associated with hyponatremia was approximately linear in the first four patient-months and then plateaued after the fourth patient-month. We did not observe effect modification between fluid overload and hyponatremia.

Conclusions

Even mild fluid overload was associated with higher mortality in patients on hemodialysis. Whether more stringent fluid management results in clinical improvement requires further investigation.
La Anunciación o la prefiguración de tiempos nuevos. Religión y cultura literaria y artística en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Gandolfi Laura , Godinas Laurette
Published: September 2024

Presentación de la portada y banner del número actual de Bibliographica.
Archivo José Juan Tablada. Historia de un acervo a la vanguardia
Authors: Velázquez Alvarado Coral
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo ofrece una visión general sobre la historia del Archivo José Juan Tablada, al tiempo que presenta una revisión del trabajo archivístico desarrollado en torno a este acervo documental, para mostrar los desafíos enfrentados por los investigadores para su organización, descripción y conservación hasta llegar a una nueva etapa de actualización y preservación digital.
Pengaturan Hukum Terhadap Penyebaran Berita Bohong Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pers Di Indonesia
Authors: I Komang Aditya Sanjaya  , I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha  , Ketut Adi Wirawan
Published: September 2024

Media telah menjadi pendukung perkembangan demokrasi di Indonesia, salah satu yang paling umum adalah penyebaran berita palsu (hoax), ketika ada kasus media. Dari segi seorang penyusun jurnal, yang menyebarkan kabar yang masih belum benar terdapat di UU 40/1999 mengenai pers, sehingga peneliti wajib menyusun kajian ilmiah disini. Dalam meneliti hal ini bertujuan agar mengetahui pengaturan hukum pidana dan pertanggungjawaban pidana penyebaran berita bohong oleh pers. Dalam meneliti suatu masalah tersebut memakai mode preskriptif yang pendekatannya legal dan konseptual. Terdapatnya suatu hasil dari proses selama penulis meneliti hal ini yakni pengaturan hukum terkenapa pemidanaan terhadap kabar-kabar yang tersebar belum benar melalui media massa secara lengkap tertuang dalam UU 40/1999 (1). Selanjutnya, kewajiban bertanggung jawab dalam hal menyebarkan kabar-kabar yang tidak benar oleh pers tertuang pada ketentuan UU 40/1999 mengenai pers lebih tepatnya pada pasal ke 4 ayat ke (1) Peraturan Dewan Pers tentang Undang-Undang Jurnalis. Etis.
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Akibat Hukum Perjanjian Kerja Secara Lisan Antara Pekerja dan Perusahaan
Authors: Jessika Morisca Katu  , Ni Komang Arini Styawati  , I Made Aditya Mantara Putra
Published: September 2024

Perjanjian kerja yang didasarkan pada komunikasi lisan kerap kali memunculkan masalah hukum ketika pekerjatidak menyadari status pekerjaannya dengan pengusaha atau perusahaan tempat ia bekerja. Maka dari itu, pekerjadalam hubungan kerja seperti ini mungkin tidak sepenuhnya mengetahui hak-hak mereka sebagai pekerja.Masalah dengan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana dilakukan ketentuan syarat sah perjanjian kerja yang dibuatsecara lisan antara perusahaan dengan pekerja dan bagaimana akibat hukum dari hubungan kerja yang berdasarkanpada perjanjian kerja secara lisan. Menggunakan metode secara normatif dan juga melakukan pendekatan secaraberkonsep dan juga melalui peraturan perundang â€“ undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persyaratanuntuk membuat perjanjian kerja secara lisan antara pekerja dan perusahaan memegang kekuatan hukum yangpenting karena diakui keabsahannya oleh hukum, selama adanya pemenuhan syarat yang ada dalam Pasal 52Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan juga adanya Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata berjalan secara satu tujuan dansahnya ketentuan sudah dilaksankan. Adanya kewajiban harus membuat surat pengangkatan untuk secara harfiah,perjanjian kerja yang memenuhi persyaratan Pasal 63 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan. Meskipunperjanjian kerja lisan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang sama dengan perjanjian tertulis, perusahaan harus tetapmengeluarkan surat pengangkatan untuk membuktikan hubungan kerja antara karyawan dan perusahaan.
Mekanisme Penyusunan Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah
Authors: Wiguna Putu Gede Satya , Suryawan I Gusti Bagus , Widiati Ida Ayu Putu
Published: September 2024

The central government gives authority to regional governments to take care of their household affairs which are unique to the region with the aim that local governments are more effective in managing regional affairs both in terms of development, utilization and management of natural resources and human resources. The Regional Head who plans the APBD to organize his administration is also required to be able to provide accountability/provide reports on the results of the use of the APBD. The use of this APBD, of course, must have an agency that oversees it, in the administration of regional government that supervises it, namely the DPRD. Based on this description, the problems examined in this study are: What is the mechanism for preparing the APBD accountability report? according to Law Number 17 of 2003 is a regional financial plan approved by the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). This research is a normative research that uses a statutory approach. The legal material used in this study comes from the results of library research which consists of primary and secondary legal materials obtained through literature review techniques supported by analytical techniques. From the results of this study it can be interpreted that accountability and oversight are one unit to realize good governance, because it can provide an evaluation of the performance of the government for the future.
AYURVEDIC POLYHERBAL FORMULATION AND DIABETES AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Upasani Sughosh Vishweshwar , Bhandari Govinda Satish , Upasani Manali Sughosh , Torne Ashwinkumar Ashokrao , Haswani Nitin Ghanshyamdas
Published: September 2024

At this era the world is suffering from many health dilemmas. Most of them are environmental, ecological, depending on several human races or ethnic background. Diabetes is one of them. Diabetes is chronic metabolic disorder which is group of diverse complications. The present study is overview of various 30 Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations and their significance as antidiabetic potential in diabetic rats. Models used are alloxon induced, streptozotocin induced and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes. Plants have always been an exemplary source of drugs and many of the currently available drugs have been derived directly or indirectly from them. The Ayurveda and other Indian literature strongly believe; current scientific evidences, the use of medicinal plants in treatment of various human diseases is found significant. Diverse researches conducted in the last few decades on plants, mentioned in ancient literature or used traditionally for diabetes, have shown antidiabetic property. Further research should continue, especially in areas within nations that have received less attention.
Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Leaf of Brahmi, Green Tea and Bulb of Onion Extracts
Authors: Dutta Disha , Goyal Naveen , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Utilization of herbs for medicinal purpose started in the early history of mankind several thousand years ago.In the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Medicinal plants continue to be an important therapeutic aid for alleviating ailments of humankind. An antioxidant is a molecule capable of terminating the chain reactions that damage cells by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions by thereby reducing stress responsible for many degenerative disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf of Green tea, Brahmi and bulb of Onion collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic content was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the leaf and bulb was assessed against DPPH assay method using standard protocols. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids. The total phenolic content of leaf of Green tea, Brahmi and bulb of Onion was 195.26 ± 12.64, 136.92 ± 21.73 and 112.23 ± 11.36 mg/100mg respectively. The activities of methanolic leaves and bulbs extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC 50 values of ascorbic acid and extracts 20.05±1.86 and 55.98±2.56, 104.45±3.13, 144.37±5.45μg/ml respectively. These studies provided information for correct identification of this plant material. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Green Tea, Brahmi, Onion, Phytochemical constituents, Antioxidant activity
Designing and Synthesis of Flavonoids Derivatives and Screening of their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Ahuja Dharmendra , Jain Anurekha , Goyal Rakesh
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes (microbicidal) or prevent the growth of microbes (microbistatic). The streptococcus mutans is a bacteria that found in the human mouth cavity. This bacterial strain produces plaque and acids that break down tooth enamel and cause dental caries. Gram positive cocci, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that forms rod-like chains. the chemical reaction of 2- hydroxyacetophenones with aromatic acylchloride occurs to form 1,3-diketones. This rearrangement reaction proceeds via enolate formation followed by acyl transfer. Then it cyclises into flavone.13 As the same of above scheme can be worked out as 2- Methoxybenzoyl Chloride is prepared by reaction of 2- methoxybenzoic acid  with  Thionyl chloride and DMF. 2-Methoxybenzoyl Chloride then added to mixture of 2- hydroxyacetophenone and pyridine, 2-[(2-Methoxybenzoyl)oxy]acetophenone thus obtained is treated with pyridine and KOH which gives1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2- methoxyphenyl)-propan1,3-dione. The result of study indicated that C5 [1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one]; is only inactive against Streptococcus mutans. All 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives exhibited their MIC to be in range of 250-125 µg/ml., 2,3-dihydroflavan-3-ol derivatives exhibited their MIC to be in  range of  1000- 500 µg/ml. The chalcone derivatives exhibited their MIC to be at 250 µg/ml.
Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, flavonoids derivatives, MIC, 2,3-dihydroflavan-3-ol.
Potential control of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass) by Curvularia lunata as a mycoherbicide
Authors: Nandhini Chandrasekaran , Ganesh Punamalai , Yoganathan Kamaraj
Published: September 2024

Echinochloa crus- galli (Barnyard grass) is a world’s most harmful weed species.  Echinochloa crus-galli weed species compete with many economically important crops and causes serious problem in rice production. The virulent strain LD2 (leaf disease) of Curvularia lunata was screened out from 25 fungus strains isolated from the diseased leaves of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Greenhouse pot studies were conducted to the feasibility of the strain being as a mycoherbicide for barnyard grass control. The results of pathogenicity experiments showed that this strain was highly pathogenic to barnyard grass at the 2 to 3 leaf stages. Strain LD2 provided excellent barnyard grass control when it was applied at the concentration of 1×104, 1×106 conidia ml1. This strain was very safe to rice and the most plant species except wheat, barley and corn. Findings of this study indicated that this strain could be a potential mycoherbicide for barnyard grass control in paddy fields in the future.
Keywords: Barnyard grass, Bioherbicides, Curvularia lunata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Mycoherbicide,
Local identity and historical memory: comparative research of applied cases in small towns of Leningrad region
Authors: Vorobyeva Olga
Published: September 2024

The article delves into material gathered as part of applied research for urban planning. The sample includes 7 small towns in the Leningrad region: border towns (Ivangorod and Svetogorsk), a satellite town of St. Petersburg (Kommunar of Gatchina district), and towns of Ladoga Lake and the river Svir’ (Novaya Ladoga, Volkhov, Syasstroy, and Podporozhye). Through necessarily brief fieldwork and specialized open-ended questions in questionnaires aimed at filling gaps in field data short due to lockdown 2020, the following aspects were identified: themes of local history present in the current discourse of residents, personalities known to the townsfolk, semantic clusters of local identity for internal use and for external representation, mental map of local objects important for representation of the town. The meta-analysis uncovered that for the examined towns, the preservation of specific historical narratives is tied to two main factors — the incorporation of these narratives into the core of urban identity and their manifestation in the physical environment (in objects and toponyms). Historical memory correlates with the length of time families have lived in the city: the later the last mass influx of new residents occurred, the less widespread and varied historical narratives are. The preservation of historical memory demonstrates an inverse correlation with the demographic prosperity of the city: population growth, in the cases examined, is only observable in satellite towns and only due to migration, which further “washes out” local narratives. The most common and important of the latest for the residents of these towns were stories about the Second World War; tales of the industrial glory of the early Soviet Union; lamentations over the “lost paradise” of the Soviet era and the “ruin” that followed it; residents’ reflection on the urban status of their settlement.
“I’ve never thought about where the money comes from”: Review of the schoolconference “Applied Anthropology Today” (Nizhny Novgorod, April 28 — May 4, 2023)
Authors: Petrov Nikita , Radchenko Daria
Published: September 2024

Conference reviews are usually dull: they are easy to write but tedious to read, and what was lively and dynamic in person often becomes less engaging in text. In the review below, we’ve tried to bring the event to life with videos and photos, capturing what was essentially a showcase of applied anthropological research being conducted in Russia in the 2020s. We will include links to studies and Telegram channels that, perhaps even more effectively than academic articles, demonstrate how applied sciences are evolving — from folklore studies and museum design to anthropology and sociology. During the event, the authors of these Telegram channels actively covered the proceedings, helping us capture the most important moments included in this review. We would like to extend our gratitude to Mikhail Alekseevsky, Dmitry Rogozin, and Oleg Bazaleev.
Japanese “fortune slips” in virtual space
Authors: Gudkova Alexandra
Published: September 2024

The article presented to your attention addresses the problem the virtualization of the well-known traditional Japanese divination practice — “omikuji” (translated from Japanese as “divine lot”), and also touches upon more global issues such as how Japanese religious practices are currently developing on the Internet. A significant portion of the research is dedicated to analyzing the transformation process of a religious tradition that used to be practiced exclusively “in person” and examining how contemporary Japanese people of different age groups and social status relate to the phenomenon of web religiosity. The study is based on data collected from an online survey conducted in July 2023. A total of 32 people responded to the survey (almost all informants are either Japanese or long-time foreign expatriates residing in Japan). The article includes screenshots of digital omikuji and their translations made by the author. The results of the study indicate that virtualization has made the practice of omikuji more accessible to laypeople, especially for people with disabilities. The texts of the predictions were significantly simplified during their virtualization. However, as the survey results suggest, the accessibility of the practice has led to a certain degree of loss of trust among believers. While omikuji had previously been perceived by the Japanese as a kind of entertainment within the temple or shrine grounds, the transition of the practice to the online space has further “simplified” it. Moreover, virtualization has turned the practice of traditional divination into another tool of promoting and advertising Japanese commercial companies, which negatively affects the perception of the omikuji tradition among believers.
Impacts of gender diversity on corporate performance: A study of board of directors and top management
Authors: Lien Tran Thi Hong , Thuy Phan Thi Thu
Published: September 2024

The recent scandal of a woman tycoon in Vietnam manipulating the whole governance system of a big public bank challenges our traditional view of women’s minor role and revives the research question of whether female members of boards and top management do impact performance. This study examines the association between the gender diversity of a company’s board of directors and top management and its corporate performance controlled for corporate capabilities and other governance aspects. By analyzing 1,710 observations of 342 listed corporations in an emerging market of Vietnam, using generalized least squares (GLS) regression, the authors found that gender diversity in terms of female chief executive officer (CEO) presence, percentage of women on boards, and a minimum of three female board members have significant positive effects on corporate performance measured by return on assets (ROA). This research contributes to the literature on corporate board and governance by combining three theories, using critical mass theory at a higher level of hypothesis development, and finding conclusive evidence of women’s positive role. The findings also add a new voice from a less-researched region to support a recent view encouraging women to participate in the business world and suggest implications for women, corporate leaders, and governments
The Determinants of Supply Chain Performance in Manufacturing Industries: A Case Study of Proton Malaysia
Authors: SUHAIME INTAN LIANA , SEHAT NANI SHUHADA , DAUD SITI ROHANA , JOGERAN JUMAELYA
Published: September 2024

This study examines the key elements that significantly impact supply chain performance in Proton Malaysia, a prominent participant in the automotive sector in Southeast Asia. The objective is to understand the impact of crucial factors on Proton's supply chain's performance, including information quality, information technology, information sharing, big data analytics capacity, supply chain integration, traceability, and agility. The study used a qualitative research methodology to examine Proton's supply chain dynamics, focussing on its strategic collaboration with Geely and the incorporation of new technology. Both primary and secondary data are utilized for analysis. The results demonstrate that Proton's focus on up-to-date information, sophisticated analysis, and robust supplier connections has greatly improved its ability to respond quickly and effectively to operational challenges and maintain its ability to recover from disruptions. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the significance of supply chain agility and integration in effectively responding to market fluctuations and reducing risks. The findings indicate that Proton must consistently engage in technology and supply chain innovation to retain its competitive advantage and successfully traverse the intricate nature of the global automobile market. These lessons apply to Proton and other manufacturing enterprises aiming to optimize their supply networks in a progressively dynamic and linked environment.
A Conceptual Discussion Related to Festival Events in Malaysia
Authors: Abu Talib Muhammad Haziq Bazli , Zamzuri Norol Hamiza , Nasir Hazira Mohd
Published: September 2024

This study explores the rapidly growing subject of festival event management in Malaysia's travel and tourist industry, emphasizing the cultural, social, and economic effects of festivals. The project aims to improve festival management efficiency by identifying stakeholder concerns and investigating best practices. Through a conceptual analysis of 24 papers from Emerald, Science Direct, and Scopus, the study emphasizes the significance of continuous innovation, management frameworks such as EMBOK, and strategic planning. The findings suggest that addressing gaps in administrative practices and specialized education can significantly improve the effectiveness and sustainability of Malaysia’s festival events.
Heat transfer and fluid flow modeling of steel-Inconel laser welding in an overlap configuration
Authors: Le Mener Maelenn , Courtois Mickael , Daviot Nicolas , Carin Muriel , Andry Roger
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a multiphysical model for laser welding in a lap joint configuration with dissimilar metals. Initially solved in a 2D axisymmetric configuration for static shots, the model is extended to 3D to simulate laser welding with a weld seam formation. Heat transfer, fluid flow, and species tracking are solved with the level set method to describe dynamically the keyhole and melt pool behavior. Validation against experimental data shows an accurate description of the main phenomena. The paper mainly highlights the need of introducing a thermal contact resistance to correctly predict the melted area dimensions. The study emphasizes the importance of considering imperfect material contact and proposes an effective approach for thermal contact resistance, a phenomenon poorly discussed in the literature.
Interdependence of metal vapor plume and melt pool dynamics during laser beam welding under vacuum
Authors: Frey Christian , Beyel Alexander , Wahl Johannes , Twiehaus Thorsten , Olschok Simon , Hagenlocher Christian , Graf Thomas , Reisgen Uwe
Published: September 2024

Deep penetration laser beam welding involves the emission of hot metal vapor and particles from the keyhole, which interact with the laser beam by means of scattering, absorption, and phase front deformation. The combination of scattering and absorption leads to an extinction of the laser beam, while the phase front deformation adversely affects the beam quality. The capillary formation depends on the local distribution of the absorbed irradiance of the laser beam, which in turn is related to the material process emissions. Additionally, the process atmosphere, in particular the oxygen content, and the working pressure influence the capillary fluctuations and cause variations in welding penetration. This study introduces a measurement setup using simultaneous high-speed observation of the melt pool and the keyhole while measuring the interaction mechanisms between the laser beam and the metal vapor plume during laser beam welding under vacuum of stainless steel. The obtained measurement provides a quantification of the various interaction mechanisms between the laser beam, vapor plume, keyhole, and interdepended melt pool dynamics. These quantitative high-frequency measurements at various working pressures and laser parameters provide useful insights that are crucial for understanding the formation of weld defects, resulting in process monitoring and validation of process-oriented welding simulations.
Application of Machine Learning to Streamline Clerical Review in Data Linkage
Authors: Sumon Shahriar Md
Published: September 2024

IntroductionClerical review in probabilistic data linkage is a manual process of checking record pairs where model is not certain about the matching. In general, a record pair might contain attributes such as name, date of birth, date of death, gender and address to find similarity for matching. Hence, clerical review is a time consuming process for large data and requires knowledge to ascertain the similarity of record pairs. Machine learning can be used to improve the clerical review process by utilising captured knowledge.
Objectives and ApproachTo improve the clerical review process as a tool for expert data linkers, we developed machine learning models that can classify whether a record pair is matched for linkage. In the models, we trained a large number of record pairs data already labelled as match or not by expert linkers to capture the features for clerical review process. Both traditional machine learning and deep learning methods are used for model development. In both approaches of modelling, we developed diverse features so that similarity of record pairs can be classified accurately. All models are developed in our secured internal integration authority environment.
ResultsOur initial modelling result shows at least 98% accuracy as F-score in classifying record pairs as match or not using Random Forest technique. We furtherimplemented deep learning methods with similar accuracy aiming to enhance the model accuracy in future when more data are accessible.
Conclusion / ImplicationsWe developed machine learning models to improve clerical review process in probabilistic data linkage. When linking data for health and wellbeing research, it is often highly desired to capture as many as link possible and we have strong manual clerical review process in place. We found that augmenting machine learning in clerical review is more efficient in decision making when linkage projects are large and complex.
Opioid-related overdose deaths among people experiencing homelessness, 2017 to 2021: A population-based analysis using coroner and health administrative data from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Booth Richard , Shariff Salimah , Carter Brooke , Hwang Stephen , Orkin Aaron , Forchuk Cheryl , Gomes Tara
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to measure the change in proportion of opioid-related overdose deaths attributed to people experiencing homelessness and to compare the opioid-related fatalities between individuals experiencing homelessness and not experiencing homelessness at time of death.
ApproachWe conducted a population-based, time-trend analysis using coroner and health administrative databases from Ontario, Canada (2017-2021). Quarterly proportion of opioid-related overdose deaths attributed to people experiencing homelessness were reported. We also obtained socio-demographic and health characteristics, healthcare encounters preceding death, substances directly contributing to death and circumstances surrounding deaths.
ResultsOverall, 13.3% individuals who died of an opioid-related overdose between 2017 and 2021 were identified as experiencing homelessness at the time of death. The quarterly proportion of opioid-related overdose deaths attributed to people experiencing homelessness increased from 7.2% in 2017 to 16.8% by 2021. Compared with housed decedents, those experiencing homelessness were younger, had higher prevalence of mental health or substance use disorders and more often visited hospitals and emergency departments in the year prior to death. Fentanyl and stimulants more often directly contributed to death, whereas methadone was less often present. Individuals experiencing homelessness were more often in the presence of a bystander during the event that led to death and more often had a resuscitation attempted or naloxone administered.
Conclusions and implicationsPeople experiencing homelessness account for an increasing proportion of fatal opioid-related overdoses in Ontario, Canada, reaching nearly one in six such deaths in 2021. Effective interventions are needed to combat homelessness and opioid related toxicity in homeless populations.