bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiritualitet og skolepolitik
Authors: Hjort Katrin Erna
Published: May 2022

Stadig flere danske børn går i friskole frem for folkeskole. Mange folkeskoler er lukkede, og skolevalget bliver løbende mere socialt skævt. Samtidig anvender stadigt flere skoler spirituelle praksisser som mindfulness, yoga og meditation. Ofte støttet af offentlige midler. Med en økonomisk analyseramme inspireret af Karl Marx kan spiritualisering af skolen forstås som kulturelle forandringspro- cesser, der indebærer social fragmen- tering og segregering og i yderste fald politisk polarisering. Imidlertid er der intet, der tyder på, at udbuddet og efter- spørgslen efter spirituelle teknikker vil falde. Spiritualiseringen af uddannelse er ”big business” og bioteknologi, men også udtryk for modstand mod dagens dominerende uddannelsespolitik.
"Det er ikke nødvendigvis den største takhøyden..."
Authors: Paulsen Jens Erik
Published: May 2022

I denne artikel fremhæves to moralske udfordringer norske politistudenter møder, når de udplaceres ved et tjenestested i deres andet studieår. De to er 1) at tage op uheldige hændelser og 2) at udøve politiskøn. Disse to er identificeret ud fra en dokument­ undersøgelse af studenternes svar på en eksamen i professionsetik foretaget efter udplaceringen. Efter at udfordrin­ gerne er uddybet og eksemplificeret, fremhæves metodologisk reflektion og procesretfærdighed som to foran­ staltninger, der kan bidrage til at styrke praksisvejledningen og sådan hjælpe til med at gøre de to nævnte udfordringer mindre.
Professionsetik for forskere – forsøg på et overblik
Authors: Fink Hans
Published: May 2022

An attempt to give a brief, comprehensive survey of the ideals and norms that a conduct of research must live up to for it to be responsible before all those whom it may concern.
Børn i udsatte positioner i implementeringen af Den styrkede pædagogiske læreplan
Authors: Tegtmejer Thyge , Langerhuus Janni Tofte , Jerg Kim , Nielsen Kaare Werner , Huusfeldt Morten , Ellebæk Lasse Stenmann
Published: May 2022

The strengthened pedagogical curriculum is by various parties presented as a movement away from a narrow focus on educational output with measurements of children’s progress and capabilities. Because of this, accompanying legal frameworks contains a distancing to criticized time-consuming documentation requirements set for day care professionals’ work. However, before as well as after the legislative change, municipal administrations of day care have an obligation to secure measures towards children in vulnerable positions. In this study, we examine the implementation of the strengthened pedagogical curriculum in four municipalities, with a focus on municipal decisions in regards to children in vulnerable positions. The main conclusion is that all municipalities choose to maintain tools to measure and describe all children’s learning and progress, and that this is done with reference to children in vulnerable positions. The study discusses a basic pedagogical dilemma between, on the one hand, making individual children’s challenges visible – and thus risking that children will be met by focus at their deficiency. And, on the other hand, refraining from pointing out challenges – and, because of that, risking that special needs will not be met and competencies needed in school and life will not be sufficiently developed.
Index Matrix Representation of Big Data Structures
Authors: Atanassov Krassimir , Bureva Veselina
Published: May 2022

It is shown that the apparatus of the Index Matrices (IM) can be used for representation of a BigData (BD) structure. An algorithm for searching of facts in the IM-form of a given BD is described. Ideas for further extensions of the BD-structure and of its facts, are formulated.
Antitumour Activity of Different Bioactive Compounds from Hemolymph and Mucus of Mollusca against Human Urinary Bladder Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Nikolova Maria , Konstantinov Spiro , Velkova Lyudmila , Kaynarov Dimiter , Dolashki Aleksandar , Dolashka Pavlina
Published: May 2022

In this study, we isolated different bioactive compounds and fractions from Rapana venosa (RvH), Helix aspersa (HaH) and Helix lucorum (HlH) and then we evaluated their in vitro antitumour activity on CAL-29 and T- 24 cell lines (transitional cell carcinoma). Also, we performed fluorescence staining with propidium iodide to assess nuclear changes caused by molluscan extracts. Briefly, our results have demonstrated antineoplastic activity of: subunit βc-HaH of H. aspersa hemocyanins to CAL-29 cell line, subunit βc-HaH and subunit RvH II of R. venosa hemocyanin against T-24 cells. Also, fractions from R. venosa hemolymph exerted significant cytotoxic activity against CAL- 29 cells. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy results demonstrated chromatin condensation and nuclear morphological changes which are typical for apoptosis induction. We assume that the observed death of T-24 and CAL-29 cells is due to the interaction between the oligosaccharide structures of the proteins on the tumour cell membranes and the hemolymph from R. venosa, active components isolated from hemolymph of R. venosa, H. aspersa and H. lucorum, as well as H. aspersa mucus.
Taxonomic and functional alterations in the salivary microbiota of children with and without severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) at the age of 3
Authors: Tang Zhe , Xu Wenyi , Zhou Zhifang , Qiao Yanchun , Zheng Shuguo , Rong Wensheng
Published: May 2022

Background

Primary dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease among preschool children, which can cause severe damage to teeth and even affect the mental well-being of children. Various studies have demonstrated that the oral microbiome plays a pivotal role in the onset and development of dental caries. However, it remains uncertain about the key microbial markers associated with caries, owing to the limited evidence.

Methods

Fifteen S-ECC children and fifteen healthy controls were selected from three-year-old children in this study. Their clinical data and oral saliva samples were collected. Shotgun sequencing was conducted to investigate the microbial differences and the relevant functions between the two groups.

Results

We observed no apparent difference in oral microbial community diversity between the two groups. Still, at the genus/species levels, several characteristic genera/species such as Propionibacterium, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, Prevotella denticola, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces sp. oral taxon 448/414 increased significantly in S-ECC children, compared with the oral health group. Furthermore, we found that functional pathways involving glycolysis and acid production, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, were prominently up-regulated in the high-caries group.

Conclusions

Our study showed that dental caries in children were associated with the alterations in the oral microbiota at the composition and functional levels, which may potentially inspire the exploration of microbial diagnosis or therapeutic treatments.
Órdenes de expulsión de extranjeros y el derecho de los hijos a no ser separados de sus padres: revisión de la sentencia rol núm. 102-2021 de la Corte de Apelaciones de Arica
Authors: Astudillo Constanza
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo pretende revisar lo resuelto por la Corte de Apelaciones de Arica, tribunal de alzada que ha dispuesto – con un voto disidente – que la expulsión de una ciudadana extranjera condenada por el delito de tráfico ilícito de estupefacientes supone una infracción al derecho de sus hijos – y particularmente de aquél que ha sido diagnosticado con trastorno del espectro autista – a no ser separados de su familia, según lo dispone el artículo 9 de la Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño.
REGULACIÓN JURÍDICA DEL TÉRMINO DEL EMPLEO A CONTRATA EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: Castillo V. Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Este artí culo presenta la regulación jurídica del término del empleo a con-trata en la Administración del Estado en Chile, las facultades de esta según nuestra legislación y su concordancia con las garantías constitucionales, principalmente del derecho a la igualdad, revisando la jurisprudencia admi-nistrativa y judicial sobre la materia.
DAÑOS CAUSADOS POR DIVULGACIÓN DE LA VERDAD
Authors: Walker Silva Nathalie
Published: May 2022

El ejercicio abusivo de una acción de filiación puede ser fuente de indemni-zación de los daños causados. Así lo reconoce el artículo 197 inciso 2º del Código Civil . Esta norma se encuentra ubicada dentro de las reglas generales que regulan las acciones de filiación, sin que sea lícito al intérprete aplic arla solo a las acciones de reclamación.
EL PROCEDIMIENTO DE RESOLUCIÓN DE CONTROVERSIAS EN EL DECRETO MOPN° 900 EN RELACIÓN AL DEBIDO PROCESO
Authors: Preuss Lazo Alejandro
Published: May 2022

Los preceptos legales establecidos en el Decreto MOP N°900, que regulan la resolución de confl ictos derivados del contrato de concesión, mediante una Comisión Arbitral, establecen prerrogativas que vulneran nuestro orde-namiento jurídico. En vista de esto, y mediante un análisis exhaustivo, se concluye que dicha normativa vulnera el principio Constitucional del debido proceso, al establecer un procedimiento que no respeta las garantías míni-mas que aseguran un resultado justo y equitativo del confl icto.
EL CHILDGROOMING EN LA LEGISLACIÓN PENAL CHILENA: SOBRE LOS CAMBIOS AL ARTÍCULO 366 QUÁTER DEL CÓDIGO PENAL INTRODUCIDOS POR LA LEYN° 20.526
Authors: Scheechler Corona Christian
Published: May 2022

La Ley N°20.526 signifi có importantes modifi caciones, entre otros, al artículo 366 quáter del Código Penal chileno. Con ella , el legislador pretendió incor-porar la fi gura del childgrooming a nuestra legislación, llenando un aparente vacío en el ámbito, además de introducir otros cambios sustantivos y adje-tivos en materia de delitos sexuales contra menores de edad. En el presente trabajo se analizarán los principales cambios que la norma trajo al delito de abuso sexual impropio contenido en el artículo en cuestión
LA MODERNIZACIÓN DE LA CÁMARA DE DIPUTADOS, ¿TAREA FRUSTRADA?
Authors: Ampuero Villagrán Hernán
Published: May 2022

Durante los últi mos veinte años ha habido numerosos proyectos para mo-dernizar la Cámara de Diputados de Chile. Este artículo examina los intentos que han tratado de resolver aisladamente problemas de organización y administración, en vez de enfrentarlos como un proceso general de cam-bios implícitos en un proceso de modernización. El último intento en curso constituye un desafío político para implementar los cambios necesarios en la organización y administración de la Cámara con el fin de fortalecer sus funciones en un régimen presidencial y su presencia en la ciudadanía.
Si fuera sólo una cuestión de fe. Una crítica sobre el sentido y la utilidad del reconocimiento de derechos a la naturaleza en la Constitución del Ecuador
Authors: Jaria i Manzano Jordi
Published: May 2022

La Constitución ecuatoriana de 2008 reconoce, por primera vez en la tradición constitucional, derechos a la naturaleza, en el marco de lo que plantea como una superación de un modelo de Estado basado en el individualismo posesivo, la economía extractivista, el capitalismo agresi-vo y un liberalismo socialmente irresponsable. El presente estudio pretende relativizar dicha pretensión a partir de la consideración de que la cultura de los derechos no sólo constituye una matriz constitucional que revierte al modelo hegemónico de patrón occidental, sino que, por otra parte, no ofrece respuestas particularmente útiles ni innovadoras cuando se extiende a la naturaleza. Finalmente, se intenta desandar el camino recorrido por los constituyentes ecuatorianos para ofrecer una alternativa al constitucio-nalismo de los derechos —el constitucionalismo de la responsabilidad—, como fundamento de una cultura constitucional efectivamente orientada a superar la autogratificación, el consumismo y la depredación que se hallan en el fondo del individualismo posesivo, que constituye la base del contrac-tualismo liberal del que parte la tradición constitucional —particularmente, la cultura de los derechos— y que enlaza con el proceso de acumulación capitalista. Por esta razón, un enfoque centrado en los derechos no parece pertinente.
Características y desafíos de la migración para la seguridad social en la región latinoamericana
Authors: Arellano Ortiz Pablo Andrés
Published: May 2022

América Latina es considerada la zona con la mayor tasa de mi-gración en el mundo, con una población migrante interna estimada en más de 25 millones. Esta región tiene otra característica importante en relación a la cobertura de seguridad social: un alto nivel de informalidad, cerca del 50% de la población activa. La combinación de estos dos factores ha creado una falta de protección de ciertas categorías de trabajadores. Sin embargo, recientes reformas podrían ayudar a resolver esta exclusión, las cuales se han adoptado en dos niveles. A nivel regional, el convenio multilateral ibe-roamericano de seguridad social ha creado un mecanismo de coordinación de sistemas de seguridad social. A nivel nacional, algunas legislaciones re-cientes cubren no sólo a los nacionales. A pesar de estos importantes avan-ces los trabajadores migrantes e informales siguen excluidos de protección. ¿Cómo los sistemas latinoamericanos de seguridad social puede ampliar la cobertura para estas poblaciones? El mecanismo tradicional del seguro so-cial y su cotización ha demostrado un efecto limitado en la región. Los mecanismos no contributivos pueden ser utilizados como una solución para los trabajadores informales. Sin embargo, la cuestión de la cobertura para los inmigrantes queda aún sin resolver.
Control in limine de admisibilidad en el derecho chileno ante el Juez de Familia y derechos fundamentales procesales
Authors: Etchegaray Oliva Nicole Patricia
Published: May 2022

En la normativa chilena reguladora del derecho de familia, el artículo 1 n°12 de la Ley N° 20. 286, que introduce modificaciones a la Ley que Crea los Tribunales de Familia (N°19.968), otorga un control de admisibilidad al juez que contempla la posibilidad de rechazar de plano una presentación por considerarla «manifiestamente improcedente». Di-cha potestad, que tiene como fundamento, principalmente, el intento por descongestionar estos tribunales, carece de una regulación expresa en la ley respecto su ámbito de aplicación, lo que unido a las modificaciones proce-dimentales incorporadas en la justicia familiar, hacen posible estimar que su aplicación vulneraría el derecho a la tutela efectiva y el derecho a ser oído, íntimamente relacionados con el derecho al debido proceso
Claves para la comprensión de la nueva legislación de arrendamientos de vivienda en Venezuela.
Authors: Lovera De Sola Irma Isabel
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo intenta dar una visión panorámica de la nueva Ley para la Regularización y Control de los Arrendamientos de Vivienda promulgada en Venezuela en noviembre de 2011 y su impacto sobre el derecho de propiedad y la concepción tradicional del contrato de arrendamiento.
Las personas relacionadas en la Ley 20.720. Consecuencias y comentarios críticos
Authors: Alarcón Cañuta Miguel Angel
Published: May 2022

La incorporación de la institución de las personas relacionadas en la Ley Nº 20.720, coincidente con el principio de respeto de la par condicio creditorum, importa una novedad para nuestra legislación. Por otro lado, la importancia de las personas relacionadas en la permanencia de la empresa en vías o situación de insolvencia, liga esta institución con la refinanciación en todos aquellos casos en que sean personas relacionadas las que otorgan un salvavidas ante la situación de crisis. Desde el fundamento tenido en cuenta por el legislador a la hora de incorporar y regular los efectos de las «personas relacionadas», principalmente la subordinación de sus créditos, se efectúa un juicio crítico en torno a la conveniencia o no de la incorpo-ración y de la regulación propiamente tal de esta figura, sus implicancias en el proceso concursal desde el punto de vista de la certeza jurídica de los acreedores personas relacionadas, y principalmente, sus consecuencias en materia de reestructuración y refinanciación de personas en situación de crisis o insolvencia.
La experiencia de la mediación familiar en Chile. Elementos para una política pública futura
Authors: Correa Camus Paula
Published: May 2022

La incorporación de la mediación familiar como un trámite pre-vio y obligatorio al proceso judicial ha generado una amplia discusión en la doctrina y en los operadores del sistema. Uno de los debates más interesan-tes es aquel que pretende determinar los efectos de la obligatoriedad tanto en los procesos mismos de mediación como en sus resultados. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las ventajas y desventajas que traen aparejadas las políticas públicas que incluyen la participación obligatoria en mediación y, en ese contexto, analizar la experiencia chilena en mediación familiar.
De la discusión sobre jerarquía de los tratados internacionales a la idea de pluralismo constitucional
Authors: Beca Frei Juan Pablo
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo revisa la discusión sobre la jerarquía de lostratados internacionales y la actitud que frente a la misma ha tenido el TribunalConstitucional, destacando que más allá de su postura formal sobreel tema, utiliza tratados internacionales en sus sentencias. En un ambientede interdependencia el recurso de fuentes no nacionales de derecho se hacecada vez más usual, lo que puede entenderse a la luz del concepto de pluralismoconstitucional, como una forma de superar la discusión sobre lajerarquía de los tratados internacionales sobre derechos humanos
Democracia y exclusión: un contrasentido del sistema
Authors: Becerra Valdivia Katherine
Published: May 2022

El sistema democrático, que siempre se ha establecido como unmodelo en donde gobiernan las mayorías, pero con un respeto a las minorías, tiene un vicio que se ha configurado desde su origen: han existido y existen una serie de personas que aun queriéndolo, no pueden participar en la toma de decisiones públicas. En este trabajo se trata a la mujer, como un colectivo que históricamente ha quedado en lo privado y no en lo público, y a los inmigrantes, que en razón de los conceptos de nacionalidad y ciudadanía, quedan fuera de poder participar efectivamente en el Estado de residencia. Estos son ejemplos de que la democracia hoy resulta excluyente para una serie de actores que podrían aportar mucho en el quehacernacional.
Propiedad, propiedades y propiedad indígena
Authors: Fuenzalida Bascuñán Sergio
Published: May 2022

El artículo revisa la evolución conceptual que a través de la historiaha tenido la noción de propiedad, para detenerse en la concepción depropiedad indígena que ha acuñado la Corte Interamericana de DerechosHumanos en el horizonte ya no de la cosa, sino de la persona.
Hobbes: El absolutismo como consecuencia del pesimismo antropológico
Authors: Cruz Augusto Wiegand
Published: May 2022

El conjunto del pensamiento de Hobbes rompe radicalmente conla tradición filosófica. Dentro de aquel se inscribe su teoría del conocimientode corte empirista. A pesar que el empirismo se ha identificado con lascorrientes políticas democráticas, y que algunos de los postulados de Hobbescontienen gérmenes del posterior liberalismo, Hobbes es un absolutistapolítico. Este artículo revisa los fundamentos antropológicos y filosóficos dela teoría política de Hobbes y propone que ésta se encuentra determinada,en último término, por su visión de la naturaleza del hombre.
La patria potestad prorrogada en Cuba. Valoraciones esenciales para su normalización
Authors: Suárez Fernández Lisandra
Published: May 2022

La viabilidad de inclusión de la patria potestad prorrogada en lasnormas sustantivas y procesales cubanas apertura la senda a una protecciónmás efectiva a los hijos que, una vez arribada la mayoría de edad, no cuentancon la posibilidad de dirigir el alcance de sus actos y regir su voluntad; especialmente si se contrasta con la constitución de la tutela como única alternativa posible en el ordenamiento jurídico patrio ante este supuesto. Bajoese razonamiento se exponen criterios en el orden teórico y normativo a losfines de fundamentar su necesaria acogida en materia familiar, salvandoal tiempo con doctrinales argumentos, lagunas e imprecisiones de los másrecientes anteproyectos de reforma del Código de Familia. Bajo una miradade seguridad y lógica jurídica quedan expuestos criterios que, tenidos encuenta pudieran contribuir al entorno de ineludible reforma que hace unosaños reclama el Derecho de Familia en Cuba. La aplicación de esta variantede la institución natural de la patria potestad a puntuales circunstancias quelo ameritan, muestra una protección más efectiva para los sujetos en análisisfrente a la tutela como institución vigente dirigida a su tuición.
Un sistema alternativo para la gestión de conflictos en casos de violencia de género: La mediación
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Inmaculada Concepción , García-Longoria Serrano María Paz
Published: May 2022

La violencia de género ha sido, y sigue siendo, una de las manifestacionesmás claras de desigualdad, subordinación, y de las relacionesde poder de los hombres sobre las mujeres. Es por esto, que la finalidaddel presente artículo, ha sido conocer la opinión de los profesionales quetrabajan con víctimas de violencia de género, proponiendo el uso de la mediación como sistema alternativo para la gestión de conflictos en ciertossupuestos. Esta investigación, ha sido llevada a cabo desde una metodologíacuantitativa, trabajando como técnica la encuesta. Los principales resultadosproyectan, que el proceso de mediación puede servir para que la víctimase reafirme a sí misma y se muestre dispuesta a no volver a subordinar susnecesidades y las de sus hijos a las del victimario.
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex Measurement and their Correlation with Visual Field Changes among Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Yadav Kanika , Porwal Rakesh , . Praveena
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that causes loss of Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) and changes in the visual field. The loss in RCG is determined by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and visual field defects are evaluated with perimetry. A study of RGC loss and visual field defects together might help to detect glaucoma earlier. Aim: To determine the relationship between Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex (RNFL-GCC) thickness measured with OCT, and visual field sensitivity evaluated with Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) in glaucoma patients of varying severity. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in a tertiary care Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan from October 2018 to January 2020. Ethics committee clearance was obtained prior to the study. Sixty glaucoma patients were recruited for ophthalmic evaluation. The two test were preformed SAP and SD-OCT were done on all patients. Patients were categorised into three groups i.e., early, moderate and severe, based on severity. The RNFL, Mean Deviation (MD) and Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD) were compared among these three groups. One way ANOVA was used to compare the mean values of RNFL, GCC, MD and PSD across the three glaucoma groups. Post hoc analysis was done by Tukey’s range test. Correlation was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants were 54.43 (10.07) years. About 15% of patients belonged to early stage glaucoma, 40% to moderate and 45% to severe glaucoma. The difference in mean RNFL (both superior and inferior) was found significant among the three groups. In bivariate analysis, MD was found significantly correlated with superior and inferior RNFL (r=0.70, p<0.01 and r=0.47, p<0.01, respectively). The MD was not found to correlate with superior and inferior GCC whereas, PSD was found weakly correlated with GCC superior and inferior (r=-0.26, p=0.04 and r=-0.27, p=0.03, respectively), though there was inverse correlation with both GCC superior and GCC inferior. PSD was not found to correlate with superior and inferior RNFL. Conclusion: Superior and inferior RFNL were associated with MD, an indicator of the severity of glaucoma. The RNFL thickness was the best indicator to differentiate the severity of glaucoma. Further exploration is needed to develop specific indications of RNFL and GCC measurement in the management of glaucoma.
Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia Masquerading as Interstitial Lung Disease: An Interesting Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Behera Pradip Kumar , Tripathy Krishna Padarabinda , Vats Ankit , Sengupta Piyali , Chaitanya Yelisetti
Published: May 2022

Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE) is a form of occult filariasis characterised clinically by paroxysms of nocturnal cough, wheezing and dyspnoea . It is due to hyper-responsive pulmonary reaction to trapped microfilaria inside the lung tissue. Though it is common in endemic areas, it is frequently misdiagnosed mostly as bronchial asthma or tuberculosis and the patient continues to suffer without being treated appropriately. A 36-year-old male, who presented with fever, cough and shortness of breath for a period of 6 months was misdiagnosed as Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and was put on antifibrotic agents without any relief of symptoms. He was thoroughly investigated with routine haematological tests, Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC), X-ray of chest, High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) thorax including bronchoalveolar lavage and was diagnosed as Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE). Diethyl Carbamazine citrate (DEC) was initiated and patient had satisfactory recovery. So in endemic areas the possibility of TPE should always be kept in mind while evaluating cases presenting with chronic cough, dyspnea and wheezing even if the radiological imaging may mimic ILD.
Label‐Free Detection and Translocation Dynamics Study of Single‐Molecule Herceptin Using Solid‐State Nanopores
Authors: Hu Rui , Lu Wenlong , Wei Guanghao , Nan Hexin , Li Juan , Zhao Qing
Published: May 2022

Herceptin (or trastuzumab) is an important therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) used in the treatment of HER2‐positive breast cancer. Real‐time counting and characterization of Herceptin is a fundamental step in the field of disease‐related diagnosis and therapy. Solid‐state nanopore‐based biosensors have been proved to hold great potential in characterizing the properties of proteins at the single‐molecule level for in vitro diagnosis. Here, the label‐free detection and detailed translocation dynamics study of Herceptin using solid‐state nanopores are demonstrated. By constricting nanopore size close to the size of Herceptin, the detection sensitivity and temporal resolution have been significantly improved, allowing the delicate probing of the structural information of single‐molecule Herceptin. Therefore, three types of Herceptin translocation events are identified through nanopores, single‐level, multi‐level and spike‐like events, emerged at different voltages regimes, indicating the unfolding kinetics of Herceptin under electric field. The potential influence of a high electric field on complex biomolecules is highlighted and a novel prospective platform is provided for label‐free detection of single‐molecule therapeutic monoclonal antibodies via solid‐state nanopores as a miniaturized biomedical device.
Near‐Direct Band Alignment of MoTe2/ReSe2 Type‐II p‐n Heterojunction for Efficient VNIR Photodetection
Authors: Jaffery Syed Hassan Abbas , Dastgeer Ghulam , Hussain Muhammad , Ali Asif , Hussain Sajjad , Ali Muhammad , Jung Jongwan
Published: May 2022

Visible near infrared (VNIR) transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) photodetectors have attracted attention due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. Herein, the photodetection performance of a novel MoTe2/ReSe2 van der Waals heterojunction (vdW HJ) diode is studied in the VNIR region. Density functional theory calculations reveal the formation of type‐II band alignment, which is beneficial for the design of a MoTe2/ReSe2 HJ diode with better optoelectronic properties. A superb rectification ratio of ≈1 × 104 is obtained via gate engineering, in which the ambipolar nature of MoTe2 enables a transition from p+–i to n–n+ state. In addition, the diode exhibits an excellent figure of merit for photodetection. The excellent diode performance is demonstrated by a high responsivity of 5.6 × 102 A W−1, an excellent detectivity of 8.1 × 1013 jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 9.5 × 102. Moreover, fast rise and decay times of 2 and 4 ms, respectively, are observed under illumination. The significant improvement is attributed to the combination of an intra‐TMD band‐to‐band transition and an inter‐TMD charge transfer process in the MoTe2/ReSe2 vdW HJ. This study provides an opportunity for advancing the prospects of TMDs in next generation optoelectronics.
Temperature‐Dependent Fatigue Characterization of Flexible Cellulose Nanocrystal Strain Sensor
Authors: Huang Bing‐jing , Li Zhen‐hai , Li Jian‐Chang
Published: May 2022

The flexible cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) strain sensors have gained attention owing to their great promising in human motion detection, electronic skin, and soft robotics. However, the effect of bending on the mechanical performance of the sensor altered by the variation of temperature is a key limitation to their potential. Here, the temperature‐dependent bending fatigue of the CNC‐graphene oxide‐Ag nanoparticles (NPs) strain sensor is systematically investigated, in which the sensitivity of the sensor is attenuated to 20% with the decreasing temperature from 30 to −30 °C after bending over 10 000 times. The finite element studies and theoretical calculations indicate that the interfacial crack can be caused by the stiffness mismatch between the Ag NPs and CNC at different temperatures. Under room temperature, the destruction and recombination of the hydrogen bonds network at the interfacial crack can effectively increase the dissipation of energy and hinder the development of cracks with repetitive bending stress. However, under low temperature, such recombination processes are broken by the formation of ice crystals in the CNC/Ag NPs interfacial cracks. The ice crystals accelerate the crack propagation and eventually make the CNC sensor suffer from deterioration.
Novel Graphene‐Based Foam Composite As a Highly Reactive Filter Medium for the Efficient Removal of Gemfibrozil from (Waste)Water
Authors: Khalil Ahmed M. E. , Han Lei , Maamoun Ibrahim , Tabish Tanveer A. , Chen Yu , Eljamal Osama , Zhang Shaowei , Butler David , Memon Fayyaz A.
Published: May 2022

Graphene‐based materials have emerged as alternative adsorbents, but their success in removing pharmaceutical contaminants has been limited due to degradation caused by restacking and limited control over their sizes and porosities. Driven by this issue, in the current study, to counteract the restacking behavior, graphene sheets are supported on a thread/rod‐like matrix structure in a boron nitride foam material, and a novel porous composite foam‐supported graphene is synthesized. The as‐prepared novel composite offers extraordinary features, such as high absorption kinetics, large available surface area, high porosity (>98%), ecofriendliness and cost‐effective synthesis, and excellent affinity to emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. When batch‐testing graphene‐based foam material and porous graphene nanosheets to remove gemfibrozil (GEM) from wastewater samples, rapid adsorption kinetics (<5 min) are exhibited by the graphene‐based foam. Column filter studies are conducted for both materials to test their performance in removing GEM from distilled water, synthetic graywater, and actual wastewater. Overall, the foam composite‐based filter marginally outperforms the sand‐supported graphene filter and significantly outperforms the unsupported graphene filter. A numerical MATLAB model is developed to simulate the reactive solute transport of GEM influent through the foam filter. Also, a formal sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key parameters influencing the model results.
All 3D Printing Shape‐Conformable Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance and Improved Cycle Life
Authors: Liu Yu , Zheng Shuanghao , Ma Jiaxin , Wang Xiao , Zhang Liangzhu , Das Pratteek , Wang Kai , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: May 2022

Aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) with notable advantages like cost‐effectiveness and safety are promising new‐generation electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). However, unsatisfactory areal capacitance, zinc dendrites, and rigid form factor of typical aqueous ZIHCs impede their further practical applications. Herein, a protocol is developed for 3D‐printing shape‐conformable ZIHCs, including hierarchically porous microlattice cathode, metal anode stabilizer, quasisolid gel electrolyte, and plastic packages, through direct ink writing and fused deposition modeling methods. Among these components, microlattice cathodes with a high mass loading density of 22.8 mg cm−2 effectively improve the areal capacitance of ZIHCs, and the metal anode stabilizer sufficiently inhibits dendritic growth to prolong the cycle life of ZIHCs. As a result, the obtained all 3D‐printed ZIHCs deliver a high areal capacitance of 4259 mF cm−2 as well as a considerable energy density of 1514 μWh cm−2, surpassing most reported ZIHCs. The 3D‐printed metal anode stabilizer endows ZIHCs with better cycling stability with almost no capacitance loss after 10 000 cycles. Impressively, the ZIHCs can easily be manufactured into shape‐conformable devices encapsulated by 3D‐printed polylactic acid package, demonstrating their viability. Therefore, this all 3D‐printing strategy provides a general and innovative methodology for constructing customized EESDs.
A Novel Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Micro‐/Nano Channel Anode for Electrolysis at Ultra‐High Current Density over 5 A cm−2
Authors: Cao Junwen , Li Yifeng , Zheng Yun , Wang Shubo , Zhang Wenqiang , Qin Xiangfu , Geng Ga , Yu Bo
Published: May 2022

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are regarded as promising candidates for the next generation of energy conversion device due to their extremely high conversion efficiency. However, the electrolysis current density should be further increased to meet the demands of large‐scale industrial application in the future. Here, a novel anode configuration for SOEC is reported that achieves an ultra‐high current density of 5.73 A cm−2 for at least 4 h. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such current density surpasses the record of present state‐of‐the‐art research. The unique stability under such high current density is attributed to the novel SOEC constructed with a La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ anode catalyst nano‐layer to promote oxygen generation, vertically aligned micro channel anode scaffold to accelerate oxygen release, and integrated anode–electrolyte interface to improve the interfacial strength. The novel SOEC successfully demonstrates stable steam electrolysis under an ultra‐high current density of 5.96 A cm−2 at 800 °C under the constant operating voltage of 1.3 V, corresponding to a hydrogen production rate of 2.5 L h−1 cm−2.
Management and organization construction status and development suggestions of aged‐friendly medical institutions in mainland China
Authors: Geng Hongli , Wang Qiuyun , Cui Jinlong , Gu Qiuyan , Long Jianjun
Published: May 2022

The increasing number of regions have begun to construct age‐friendly medical institutions to further promote the “successful aging” of the elderly in mainland China. This study deeply analyzes the development status of age‐friendly medical institutions abroad and describes the policies, research, evaluation, and certification of different countries. This study focuses on the current construction status of age‐friendly medical institutions in mainland China. With the issuing of several national policies, mainland China has established a top‐down system for the construction of age‐friendly medical institutions, which has been gradually implemented in the actions of medical institutions. On the whole, the goal and evaluation standard are clear and the action is rapid. However, it also faces many challenges and problems. This study puts forward various suggestions for the construction of age‐friendly medical institutions, such as increasing manpower and financial investment and carrying out evidence‐based research. In particular, we should pay attention to promoting a bottom‐up construction system, understand the actual needs of the elderly, pay attention to the personal experience of the elderly, and fully mobilize the active and full participation of the whole society.
Genetic testing to gain diagnostic clarity in neurofibromatosis type 2 and schwannomatosis
Authors: Burns Rebecca , Niendorf Kristin , Steinberg Kathleen , Mueller Amy , Ly Ina , Jordan Justin T. , Plotkin Scott R. , Hicks Stephanie R.
Published: May 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SWN) have distinct genetic etiologies but overlapping phenotypes. Genetic testing may be required for accurate diagnosis, which is critical for determining prognosis, screening recommendations, and treatment options. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of germline‐only versus paired (germline and tumor) genetic testing for clarifying the diagnosis in patients with features of NF2 and SWN. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients referred for NF2/SWN genetic testing at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2015 to 2020. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with diagnostic clarity. Overall, paired testing had 8.5 times greater odds of providing diagnostic clarity than germline‐only testing (p < 0.01). Among patients who underwent paired testing, those who had analysis of two or more tumors had the greatest likelihood of gaining diagnostic clarity, with odds 13 times greater than patients who underwent germline‐only testing (p < 0.01). Paired testing with analysis of one tumor significantly increased the odds of diagnostic clarity over germline‐only testing by a factor of 6.5 (p < 0.01). These results have implications for genetic testing strategies and counseling patients about genetic testing utility. They also support the routine use of testing in individuals with suspected NF2 or SWN and improved insurance coverage for paired testing within this population.
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies seeded by incoherent sources
Authors: Riazuelo A. , Deruelle N.
Published: May 2022

The cosmic microwave background anisotropies produced by active seeds, such as topological defects, have been computed recently for a variety of models by a number of authors. In this paper we show how the generic features of the anisotropies caused by active, incoherent, seeds (that is the absence of acoustic peaks at small scales) can be obtained semianalytically, without entering into the model dependent details of their formation, structure and evolution.
Gravitational fields of rotating disks and black holes
Authors: Meinel R.
Published: May 2022

The two known exact solutions of Einstein's field equations describing rotating objects of physical significance – a black hole and a rigidly rotating disk of dust – are discussed using a single mathematical framework related to Jacobi's inversion problem. Both solutions can be represented in such a form that they differ in the choice of a complex parameter and a real solution of the axisymmetric Laplace equation only.

A recently found family of solutions describing differentially rotating disks of dust fits into the same scheme.
Singularity structure of the two point function of the free Dirac field on a globally hyperbolic spacetime
Authors: Kratzert Kai
Published: May 2022

We give an introduction to the techniques from microlocal analysis that have successfully been applied in the investigation of Hadamard states of free quantum field theories on curved spacetimes. The calculation of the wave front set of the two point function of the free Klein‐Gordon field in a Hadamard state is reviewed, and the polarization set of a Hadamard two point function of the free Dirac field on a curved spacetime is calculated.
Early Gedanken experiments of quantum mechanics revisited
Authors: Shi Yu
Published: May 2022

The famous gedanken experiments of quantum mechanics have played crucial roles in developing the Copenhagen interpretation. They are studied here from the perspective of standard quantum mechanics, with no ontological interpretation involved. Bohr's investigation of these gedanken experiments, based on the uncertainty relation with his interpretation, was the origin of the Copenhagen interpretation and is still widely adopted, but is shown to be not consistent with the quantum mechanical view. We point out that in most of these gedanken experiments, entanglement plays a crucial role, while its buildup does not change the uncertainty of the concerned quantity in the way thought by Bohr. Especially, in the gamma ray microscope and recoiling double‐slit gedanken experiments, we expose the entanglement based on momentum exchange. It is shown that even in such cases, the loss of interference is only due to the entanglement with other degrees of freedom, while the uncertainty relation argument, which has not been questioned up to now, is not right.
Laser‐ and collision‐induced nonadiabatic wave‐packet dynamics in sodium molecules
Authors: Grossmann F. , Saalmann U. , Schmidt R.
Published: May 2022

We investigate nonadiabatic dynamics of molecular sodium in two alternative approximate ways. Firstly, the semiclassical mapping formalism is used to study the decisive step in resonant two photon ionization of Na2, where the Rabi oscillations of the occupation probability of the resonantly excited intermediate state are reproduced with a high degree of accuracy. Secondly, nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics is combined with the surface hopping approach of Tully in order to take into account quantum effects on the nuclear dynamics in collisionally excited sodium molecular ions. Their importance is demonstrated by comparing the results with experimental fragment correlations of kinematically complete experiments.
Optical tests of quantum nonlocality: from EPR‐Bell tests towards experiments with moving observers
Authors: Gisin N. , Scarani V. , Tittel W. , Zbinden H.
Published: May 2022

Past, present and future experimental tests of quantum nonlocality are discussed. Consequences of assuming that the state‐vector collapse is a real physical phenomenon in space‐time are developed. These lead to experiments feasible with today's technology.
The interpretation of quantum mechanics through1935
Authors: Cushing J.T.
Published: May 2022

I first define what I mean by the term ‘interpretation’, then trace some of the major developments in attempts to fashion an interpretation of quantum mechanics from its early mathematical formulation (ca. 1925) up through the Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen paper, Bohr's response to it, and Schrödinger's insights on entanglement, in 1935. In the process, I question some of the conventional wisdom about how a unified interpretation emerged.
Plasma immersion ion implantation for silicon processing
Authors: Yankov Rossen A. , Mändl Stephan
Published: May 2022

Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) is a technology which is currently widely investigated as an alternative to conventional beam line implantation for ultrashallow doping beyond the 0.15 μm technology. However, there are several other application areas in modern semiconductor processing. In this paper a detailed discussion of the PIII process for semiconductors and of actual as well as future applications is given. Besides the well known advantages of PIII — fast process, implantation of the whole surface, low cost of ownership — several peculiarities — like spread of the implantation energy due to finite rise time or collisions, no mass separation, high secondary electron emission — must be mentioned. However, they can be overcome by adjusting the system and the process parameters. Considering the applications, ultrashallow junction formation by PIII is an established industrial process, whereas SIMOX and Smart‐Cut by oxygen and hydrogen implantation are current topics between research and introduction into industry. Further applications of PIII, of which some already are research topics and some are only investigated by conventional ion implantation, include seeding for metal deposition, gettering of metal impurities, etch stop layers and helium implantation for localized lifetime control.
Inertial mass and the quantum vacuum fields
Authors: Haisch Bernard , Rueda Alfonso , Dobyns York
Published: May 2022

Even when the Higgs particle is finally detected, it will continue to be a legitimate question to ask whether the inertia of matter as a reaction force opposing acceleration is an intrinsic or extrinsic property of matter. General relativity specifies which geodesic path a free particle will follow, but geometrodynamics has no mechanism for generating a reaction force for deviation from geodesic motion. We discuss a different approach involving the electromagnetic zero‐point field (ZPF) of the quantum vacuum. It has been found that certain asymmetries arise in the ZPF as perceived from an accelerating reference frame. In such a frame the Poynting vector and momentum flux of the ZPF become non‐zero. Scattering of this quantum radiation by the quarks and electrons in matter can result in an acceleration‐dependent reaction force. Both the ordinary and the relativistic forms of Newton's second law, the equation of motion, can be derived from the electrodynamics of such ZPF‐particle interactions. Conjectural arguments are given why this interaction should take place in a resonance at the Compton frequency, and how this could simultaneously provide a physical basis for the de Broglie wavelength of a moving particle. This affords a suggestive perspective on a deep connection between electrodynamics, the origin of inertia and the quantum wave nature of matter.
Cohomological derivation of the couplings between an abelian gauge field and matter fields
Authors: Bizdadea C. , Cioroianu E.M. , Negru I. , Saliu S.O.
Published: May 2022

Consistent couplings between an abelian gauge field and a system of matter fields are investigated by means of Lagrangian cohomological arguments.
Gauge invariance of quantum electrodynamics in the causal approach to renormalization theory
Authors: Grigore Dan R.
Published: May 2022

We present an extremely simple solution to the renormalization of quantum electrodynamics based on Epstein‐Glaser approach to renormalization theory.
Semiclassical trace formulae using coherent states
Authors: Mehlig Bernhard , Wilkinson Michael
Published: May 2022

We derive semiclassical trace formulae including Gutzwiller's trace formula using coherent states. This formulation has several advantages over the usual coordinate‐space formulation. Using a coherent‐state basis makes it immediately obvious that classical periodic orbits make separate contributions to the trace of the quantum‐mechanical time evolution operator. In addition, our approach is manifestly canonically invariant at all stages, and leads to the simplest possible derivation of Gutzwiller's formula.
Spindynamics in thulium van Vleck paramagnets
Authors: Weizenecker Jürgen
Published: May 2022

Three different thulium hydrides (TmH2, Tm0.06La0.94H2, TmH2.73 have been investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and static magnetic susceptibility measurements in a temperature range 4–300 K. A careful analysis of the data facilitates the determination of the various crystal field splittings and the type of microscopic magnetic interactions among and between the nuclear subsystems as well as those with the electrons. The selection of the samples used was made in order to clarify a transversal relaxation maximum of the protons at about 35 K. The measured relaxation rates and the resonance positions will be compared to theoretical results obtained by computing the relevant electronic and nuclear spectral densities as function of temperature.