bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Captain John Hicks House Site and the Eighteenth-Century Townlands Community
Authors: Stone Garry Wheeler , Israel Stephen S.
Published: January 2022

In 1969–1971, archaeologists and a historian collaborated to interpret the ca.1720–1745 dwelling site of a prominent St. Mary’s County tobacco planter, Captain John Hicks. Hicks was a ship captain from Whitehaven, England, who married a local woman and settled on the St. Mary’s Townlands. Shortly before 1749, Hicks constructed a new dwelling and his old dwelling was moved to become an outbuilding. In the process of clearing the old site for agriculture, Hicks’s slaves buried thousands of artifacts in the old cellar and in pits. Archaeologists Glenn Little and Stephen Israel sorted the artifacts by function. Minimal vessel estimates were made for ceramics and glass. Historian Lois Carr used land records and probate inventories to model the social structure of the St. Mary’s City Townlands and St. Mary’s County. While Captain Hicks ranked among the top ten-percent of the County’s tobacco producers and lived quite comfortably, his standard of living was modest compared to William Deacon, Esquire, Customs Collector for the North Potomac, the Townlands’ grandee. While Dr. Carr was able to reconstruct much of Captain Hicks’s career, she could learn little about his 19 slaves other than their names and ages.
The Archaeology of African American Mobility in Slavery and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century St. Mary’s City
Authors: Brock Terry Peterkin
Published: January 2022

Following the abandonment of the first capital of Maryland, St. Mary’s City became home to multiple plantations throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By 1840, almost the entire original city was owned by Dr. James Mackall Brome, as were upward of 60 enslaved African Americans. Examining archaeological survey, excavations, and historical documents demonstrates that both Brome and the African Americans who lived at St. Mary’s City negotiated mobility and access throughout enslavement, the Civil War, and Emancipation across and beyond the plantation landscapes.
A Synthesis of Dutch Faunal Remains Recovered from Seventeenth-Century Sites in the Albany Region
Authors: Pipes Marie-Lorraine
Published: January 2022

Archaeological excavations at Fort Orange, Beverwyck, and outlying farms have yielded faunal deposits from a variety of contexts: residential, business, military, and agricultural. The assemblages examined revealed that colonists consumed not only meats from domesticated livestock but also a great variety of wildlife species, such as wild turkey and deer. Venison deer remained an important meat throughout the seventeenth century, and that it was probably an important trade commodity, as it was hunted and bought from Natives. These data form the basis for investigating subsistence and trade practices, as well as social interactions between the Dutch and Native Americans.
Woman the Trader
Authors: Cantwell Anne-Marie , diZerega Wall Diana
Published: January 2022

Most scholars examining the relationship between European men and Native American women in the colonial situation tend to see a consistently exploitative one on the part of men. Here we look at that relationship through a different lens and discover the agency of Native women in their intimate relationships with European men in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. This chapter argues that these relationships were part of a continuation and expansion of traditional societal practices of exchange and gift giving, and the Europeans, probably unknowingly, conformed to those practices. These relationships are examined in the context of the roles of European men and African women who inhabited the colony.
Introduction
Authors: Christie Jessica Joyce
Published: January 2022

In 2008 I returned to Canyon de Chelly after many years of absence. As I drove out of Chinle toward the canyon, I first saw the professional brown wooden signs with the National Park Service logo directing me to the Visitor Center. I stopped and was given a nicely illustrated map as well as logistic and general cultural information by mostly Navajo park rangers. I began the South Rim Drive and stopped at one of the first overlooks at Tunnel Canyon to take in the breathtaking views. As I walked around, I found a trail leading down into the canyon. I followed it a short distance but was stopped by a locked gate with a damaged sign stating: “No visitors allowed beyond this point without an authorized Navajo guide.”...
The Cultural and Political Landscape of Pre-Contact Coba
Authors: Christie Jessica Joyce
Published: January 2022

Reconstructs the cultural landscape of the Late Classic, Terminal Classic, and Postclassic city of Coba as well as the history of the Yucatan peninsula through archaeology and historical documents.
The Cultural and Political Landscape of Coba from c. 1950 A.D. to the Present
Authors: Christie Jessica Joyce
Published: January 2022

This chapter explains the resettlement of the area next to the archaeological site, the ejido organization, and ejido business ventures at the archaeological site. The chapter continues to analyze issues of Yucatec Maya and specific Cobanero identity through oral narratives and visual culture, including place-specific art projects by Luis May Ku.
Conclusions
Authors: Christie Jessica Joyce
Published: January 2022

The three case studies in this book (Canyon de Chelly, Coba, and Copacabana) have analyzed cultural landscapes from their temporal beginnings to the present as complex interactions between the natural settings and human interventions. Cultural landscapes are physical as well as intangible in the memories of the people who have shaped and populated them. Memory acts as the essential link between the present, in which it is created, and the past, which it recalls. If cultural landscapes coalesce the past and present in case-specific ways, the question that remains open is: how do they prepare for the future? Can they provide insights and messages in the twenty-first century, the age of the Anthropocene and climate crisis? And to what extent, if any, can culture stay spatialized?
Middle Archaic Lifeways and the Holocene Climatic Optimum in the Falls Region
Authors: Carlson Justin N. , Maggard Greg J. , Stinchcomb Gary E. , Daniel Sea Claiborne
Published: January 2022

The authors of this chapter examine Middle Archaic human-environmental relationships and shifting resource procurement and settlement strategies. They argue that the warming and drying trends of the Middle Holocene resulted in local hunter-gatherers making frequent, short-term residential moves that sought to take advantage of increased upland nut mast and large deer populations. The seasonal rounds of Middle Archaic hunter and gatherers involved continued use of floodplains supplemented with increased use of upland caves and rockshelters. Sedimentation histories documented at both lowland and upland sites suggest that the drier conditions of the Middle Holocene resulted in significant upslope erosion and downhill accumulation. They also note that as groups settled into the region, projectile point styles such as Knob Creek Stemmed and Middle Archaic Corner Notched reflect a local social identity. These changes in settlement and mobility dynamics and projectile point styles are correlated with a shift from an emphasis on high quality Wyandotte chert, to poorer quality cherts located near upland camps.
The Late Middle/Early Late Archaic in the Falls Region
Authors: Bader Anne Tobbe
Published: January 2022

With the introduction of Matanzas projectile points (ca. 4300 BCE), those residing in the Falls region of the Late Middle Archaic and Early Late Archaic had greater affinities with those living to the west in the lower Ohio Valley. Throughout the Matanzas phase (4300 to 3400 BCE), hunter-gatherers living in the Falls region situated themselves in logistic settlements, such as atop knolls beside wetlands, the confluences of streams, and along river terraces within easy access to mussel shoals. With a long-term vested interest in these places, many became persistent places on the landscape. In addition, the association of cemeteries with many of these sites may reflect the development of corporate group boundaries within the Falls region, with certain locales designated as appropriate places to bury the dead.
The Riverton and Buck Creek Phases of the Falls Region
Authors: Mocas Stephen T. , Simpson Duane B.
Published: January 2022

Late Archaic and Terminal Archaic settlements reflect a continuation of earlier Archaic patterns with an intensification of the exploitation of nut resources and an increased reliance on starchy seed plants of the Eastern Agricultural Complex for subsistence practices. By the Terminal Archaic, there is a shift from the use of river gravels and other local sources to manufacture projectile points to a preference for high-quality Wyandotte and St. Louis cherts. This shift in chert use is associated with the production of Turkey-tail cache blades manufactured from Wyandotte chert. The widespread distribution of Turkey-tail points is suggestive of participation of those living in the Falls region in broader rituals of the Eastern Woodlands that may presage those of later Adena and Hopewell groups.
Afro-Latina Minimal Computing
Authors: Arriaga Eduard , Villar Andrés
Published: January 2022

In this interview the authors speak with Sandra Abd’Allah-Álvarez Ramìrez, an Afro-Cuban scholar, activist and blogger. As the figure behind Negra Cubana, a renowned blog that discusses racism and feminism at the intersection of technology in Cuba, Sandra converse about topics such as internet access, infrastructure and the possibilities and flaws brought about by digital technology. Through the interview, Sandra shows minimal computing becomes a critical position from which her communities manage to get connected at the same time that evaluate their path forward.
Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Cuban Digital Culture
Authors: Anderson-GonzÁlez Maya
Published: January 2022

Dr. Anderson-González studies the Afro-Cuban blogosphere as a way to identify how discourses of race, gender and sexuality shape the discussion and appropriation of digital tools in the island. The article also discusses how the digital should not be understood as a separated world from existing cultural structures, but, on the contrary, it must be seen as an added layer of culture. It is in the digital Cuban culture where the article showcases that structural inequalities continue to exist and, some cases, are magnified by the power of the digital, even in context where the lack of access to the internet becomes another marker of difference.
The Trouble with Arará, or All Things Religious Belong Together
Authors: Crosby Jill Flanders , Torres JT
Published: January 2022

Chapter 2 examines the complexity of Afro-Cuban ritual scholarship by analyzing Arará’s inter-relationship with Lucumí that largely descended from the Yoruba of West Africa. It addresses the various Arará classifications that have been advanced through previous scholarship and it examines the complexity of arriving at a definition of Arará. The deity widely known as San Lázaro, regarded as one of the most important Arará deities, is discussed. This discussion includes contestations around the San Lázaro belonging to well-known Armando Zulueta. The chapter also builds upon the work of Stephan Palmié (2005, 2013) by dissecting academic and theoretical issues revolving around research in Afro-Cuban ritual traditions including Palmie’s concept of what he terms the ethnographic interface.
The Artist’s Accidental Proof
Authors: Matthews Susan
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes the format and media of Matthews’ paintings, their intended content, and instances in which images had to be in interpreted in order to transcend the literal while preserving ethnographic integrity. She describes how the presentation of the Secrets Under the Skin installation as a whole depended on available exhibition space as well as perceived relationship of the viewers to the work. Viewers’ reading and reaction to the works depended on their personal and collective histories.
Afterword
Authors: Crosby Jill Flanders
Published: January 2022

As a dancer, I am trained to actively encounter the sensorial realm. Without a doubt, the sensorial realm flooded over me during fieldwork. Reading multiple accounts and memoirs from anthropologists early on as I began the sensorial intensity, “the lived experience of fieldwork” (Ventakachalam 2015...
“Look for Progress in Our Moral Perfection”
Authors: Brunson Takkara K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces how Cuban women of African descent contributed to the development of the Black public sphere following the abolition of slavery in 1886. Women contributed to forging a Black public sphere sustained by the press, civic clubs, and educational institutions—as they pursued socioeconomic mobility and challenged racial discrimination. Their writings and associational activities helped determine the political goals of the community. Their public sphere activities also included labor, social events, government protests, building civic clubs, and educational endeavors. Elite and upwardly mobile Black women’s public engagement, rather than embracing patriarchal gender norms that relegated women to the home, challenged the gendered public-private dichotomy promoted by white Cuban elites. African-descended women who navigated the public sphere worked to inscribe themselves and their visions of citizenship into nationalist agendas.
Leadership of Recognized Character
Authors: Brunson Takkara K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter theorizes public comportment as a political strategy during the early years of the republic. It shows how elite African descendants negotiated gendered understandings of racial citizenship through their public behaviors. As elite Black civic activists navigated electoral politics, they promoted gendered forms of bodily comportment in all realms of elite social life. Elite Black women enacted bourgeois femininity through their attire and civic clubs. They circulated photograph portraits of accomplished subjects to convey the respectability of women who gave lectures, became educated professionals, and occasionally formed civic organizations. Elite and upwardly-mobile women of African descent negotiated the terms of patriarchy through their public roles, which reflected modernizing expectations of feminine behavior. Public comportment, in this sense, became a way for Cuban women of African descent to forge a modern image that contradicted negative racial stereotypes.
A strategy to the reduction of communication overhead and overfitting in Federated Learning
Authors: Barros Alex , Rosário Denis , Cerqueira Eduardo , Fonseca Nelson L. S. da
Published: January 2022

Federated learning (FL) is a framework to train machine learning models using decentralized data, especially unbalanced and non-iid. Adaptive methods can be used to accelerate convergence, reducing the number of rounds of local computation and communication to a centralized server. This paper proposes an adaptive controller to adapt the number of epochs needed that employs Poisson distribution to avoid overfitting of the aggregated model, promoting fast convergence. Our results indicate that increasing the local update of the model should be avoided, but yet some complementary mechanism is needed to model performance. We evaluate the impact of an increasing number of epochs of FedAVG and FedADAM.
Let the Past Be Buried
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

By September all the teachers who had signed the letter supporting their fired colleagues had either resigned or been fired. In the fall of 1880, another Kentucky Wesleyan professor leveled charges against Gould, this time over money. Gould had sold him a stock share in the college to raise funds for its rebuilding, but had allegedly neglected to register the purchase. When confronted, he threatened the professor with physical violence. The dispute was aired before the Kentucky Conference of the Southern Methodist Church, but Gould again escaped censure. In the fall of 1881 Gould expelled a student on trivial grounds. Mrs. S. F. H. Tarrant, a prominent member of the faculty, objected, and he summarily fired her. She published her side of the story in a Paris newspaper, adding accusations of alcoholism and financial indebtedness. The Gould marriage was under strain at this time because of his increasing absences from Millersburg on student recruitment trips to Texas and elsewhere.
Copperheads and Pearly Gates
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

Frank L. Bristow, Elisha Green's other assailant in 1883, was born in Bethel, Illinois in 1845. His father, a Methodist preacher, had pronounced Southern sympathies, running for local office under the Copperhead banner. Nevertheless, his son Frank enlisted in the Union Army in 1862; his two brothers fought for the South. Bristow served as bandmaster and saw little fighting, though he marched with Sherman. After the war he taught music at a succession of female academies in Kentucky, Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, and Missouri. He began to publish music for piano and voice. In February, Gould hired him to teach music and calisthenics at Millersburg. He led the choir at the local Methodist church and accompanied them, his wife, and daughter, on the organ. He and Gould collaborated on a hymn about heaven set to Stephen Collins Foster's "Sewanee River." In the summer he performed at religious camp meetings.
The Venerable Pastor
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

Segregation on trains, which was not the rule in 1883, became so in the 1890s, when Kentucky decided to imitate its sister Southern states and compel railroads to provide separate coaches based on race. This chapter narrates in detail the campaign of misinformation that led up to passage of the Separate Coach Law in May 1892, and the campaign against it. Elisha Green published his autobiography in 1888, ending on a triumphal note as he told of the assault on the train and his subsequent legal victory. But his life story was not over, as he continued to pastor his two churches for five more years. The Separate Coach Act went into effect Oct. 1, 1893, but Green was too ill to travel, having but a month to live. He died Nov. 1.
Afterword
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2022

Only three children survived him, all daughters. Caroline Green married in 1871 and moved with her family to Yellow Springs, Ohio. Her son, Madison W. Baber (1873-1947), married into a prominent and storied black family that had been among the thirty slaves freed by abolitionist Moncure Conway, who took them by train through Confederate territory from Washington in July 1862 to Yellow Springs. Baber's daughter Bertha Morris lived long enough to vote against Barry Goldwater. Elisha Green is fondly remembered by his churches in both Maysville and Paris. In the latter city, the descendants of the congregation that rejected him in 1884 now claim him as their founder with as much pride as those of the original church, located one block away. Plymouth Baptist closed its doors in 1910. Clayville, the community of black homeowners he established in Paris, was replaced by new housing in the 1960s, but its name survives.
The Decisive Victory Paradigm Undermines Strategy for Irregular War
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that the U.S. national security establishment is organized intellectually and bureaucratically around the ability to wage conventional war. In irregular war, factors for success might differ from conventional war. With counterinsurgencies, reducing tangible support for the insurgency and winning the battle for legitimacy are the two critical factors for success.
The Fall of the Taliban and the Bonn Conference
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter addresses early events in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. The United States took steps to create a new government and constitution, but was preoccupied with the hunt for Osama bin Laden. Meanwhile, an internal struggle to fill the power vacuum ensued between local warlords who each aimed to exploit U.S. efforts according to their interests. Without a governing strategy that looked beyond the ouster of the Taliban, the United States eventually found itself unable to adapt to a dynamic situation.
Reconciliation versus Transition
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter overviews different reasons why there never was a serious attempt at reconciliation in Afghanistan. These reasons can be found both within the Obama. administration and the complexity of the conflict itself.
Competing Visions
Authors: Kolenda Christopher D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter addresses the conflicting views on reconciliation of Afghan President Karzai, the Taliban, and their supporter Pakistan. It shows the complex web of interests and relations shaping the Afghan political development which complicated any reconciliation efforts.
Motionless Picture Actress
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter does a deep drive into the notorious publicity around The Outlaw which was concocted by Howard Hughes and PR guru Russell Birdwell and included the infamous haystack photos. Also discussed are Jane’s ongoing relationship troubles with Robert "Bob" Waterfield, her relationship with John Payne, and the botched abortion which almost killed her.
Mrs. Robert Waterfield
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes Jane and Robert Waterfield’s Las Vegas elopement and the early part of their marriage spent in Fort Benning, Georgia while he was enlisted in the army, and then their time spent in Cleveland, playing for the Rams football team. This chapter also covers Jane’s second movie The Young Widow and her evolving professional relationship with Howard Hughes.
WAIF
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

This chapter takes an in-depth look at WAIF, Jane’s organization that promoted international adoption. Born out of Jane’s distasteful experience adopting her second child, the origins and evolution of WAIF are discussed, along with its accomplishments and its position as the fundraising arm of International Social Service.
A Life Off-screen
Authors: Rice Christina
Published: January 2022

The chapter details Jane’s attempts to recover from Roger Barrett’s death by occupying herself with stock theater appearances and her only Broadway show as Elaine Stritch’s replacement in Stephen Sondheim’s Company. Also discussed is Jane’s pet-project, an apartment complex in Van Nuys called Taos West and her involvement with Playtex as their spokesperson. Also included is a controversial interview with Jane that appeared in Esquire, along with Jane’s third marriage to John Peoples.
The Abolition Lobby
Authors: Harrold Stanley
Published: January 2022

Stanley Harrold's “The Abolition Lobby, its Development, Successes, and Disintegration, 1836-1845,” brings to light the so-called abolition lobby—abolitionist activists, clergymen, and journalists determined to mobilize the caucus of northern Whig congressmen to propose antislavery legislation during the decade before the Mexican American War. These politicians generally sought to excise slavery in the nation's capital, opposed the annexation of the slaveholding Republic of Texas and the admission of Florida Territory as a slave state, and insisted on the right to present antislavery petitions and to speak before Congress on antislavery topics.
Officers of the US Army Veteran Reserve Corps
Authors: Cimbala Paul A.
Published: January 2022

Paul A. Cimbala's “Officers of the United States' Army Veteran Reserve Corps: Motivation and Expectations of Veteran Soldiers during the Civil War and Reconstruction,” explains why disabled Union officers sought service in the Veteran Reserve Corps (VRC) while and after the Civil War raged. The army established the VRC in April 1863 to boost its manpower shortage, utilizing disabled veterans to maintain order in northern towns and other rear echelon assignments. Eventually 57,000 enlisted men served in the Corps. Cimbala identifies various motives for wounded and camp-sick officers seeking commissions in the VRC.
“Bent on Suicide”
Authors: Sommerville Diane Miller
Published: January 2022

Diane Miller Sommerville unearths how before and after secession, as well as following Confederate defeat, northerners and southerners employed “the language of self-destruction,” “the political rhetoric of suicide,” to accentuate the severity of the political crisis that befell them. Americans above and below the Mason-Dixon line had long considered suicide abhorrent. During the secession crisis they identified disunion as a self-inflicted and unforgivable death blow to the republic that the Founders had established. Over time, however, as Sommerville shows through her close reading of numerous texts, especially newspapers, a competing version of suicide emerged in the post-Civil War South.
Warrior Turned Reformer
Authors: Hedtke James R.
Published: January 2022

“Warrior Turned Reformer: Emory Upton and the Modernization of the American Army” is James R. Hedtke's analysis of Upton's unwavering commitment to reforming the U.S. Army from his days as an ambitious junior officer in 1861 until his suicide in 1881. Born in 1839, Upton distinguished himself in combat during the Civil War in numerous campaigns, including First Bull Run, the Peninsula, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and, most significantly, at the Wilderness where he introduced the tactic of massing infantry at isolated elements of the enemy's line.
Playing with History
Authors: Arsenault Raymond
Published: January 2022

In “Playing with History: Walt Disney's Historical Films, 1946-66,” Raymond Arsenault traces the pioneer animator's historical filmmaking from the 1940s until the 1960s, a period when he became one of the “the world's most powerful culture brokers.” Committed to advocacy, not to constructing historically accurate, contextualized narratives, Disney disseminated and reinforced nostalgic images and traditional values popular in Cold War America. In what Arsenault terms “a Disneyfied version of American history,” the filmmaker scrupulously avoided controversial questions pertaining to class, poverty, race, or sectionalism.
Butcher
Authors: Asher Brad
Published: January 2022

Burbridge ordered the retaliatory executions of over sixty people for guerrilla attacks in Kentucky. He ordered that four prisoners in military custody be shot for every Unionist citizen killed in a guerrilla raid. The idea was that such reprisals would restrain the guerrillas in the field, but his postwar critics attacked the killings as illegitimate military murders. This chapter argues that, while there were irregularities in the proceedings leading up to the executions, retaliation was (and is) an accepted part of the rules of war. Moreover, the criticisms of Burbridge’s enemies posited that anyone who had ever enlisted in the Confederacy—in uniform or out, in Union territory, or engaged in hostile actions—was entitled to prisoner-of-war status. Burbridge, subject to the Union’s understanding of the laws of war, saw these combatants differently.
Operation Flintlock
Authors: Mitchener Donald K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is a narrative of D-day on Roi-Namur in the Marshall Islands and a description and analysis of the planning for and the execution of naval gunfire missions in support of the assault. This is followed by an analysis of the effectiveness of that support and of the application of the lessons that had been learned at Tarawa. This application was deemed to have proven the adequacy of those lessons.
Operation Stalemate II
Authors: Mitchener Donald K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is a narrative of D-day on Peleliu in the Palau Islands and a description and analysis of the planning for and the execution of naval gunfire missions in support of the assault. This is followed by an analysis of the effectiveness of that support and of the application of the lessons that had been learned at Tarawa. In the case of Peleliu, those lessons were largely ignored.
Conclusions
Authors: Mitchener Donald K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is a concise summary of the conclusions reached by the author regarding the use of naval gunfire in support of amphibious operations in the Pacific during World War II.
Introduction
Authors: Dietrich Wielenga Karuna
Published: January 2022

This chapter situates the book in the debates around the textile history of south Asia, particularly those around de-industrialisation and the impact of colonialism. It also engages with broader global debates on economic change and paths to industrialisation. It argues that there was nothing pre-determined about the way the handloom industry was transformed or came to be integrated into the informal sector in India’s modern economy. While placing human agency and politics at the centre of explanations about the drivers of change, it argues that the modern contours of the the handloom industry emerged out of a complex process of conflict, compromise and adaptation at different levels and sites of the system, ranging from the shop floor to the state and the global arena.
Introduction: Time on a Human Scale, 1860–1930
Authors: Wright Julian
Published: January 2022

Assessing the present as a locus of particularly intense reflection in Western Europe, during a period which has often been explored for its passing interest in futurism or alternatively its obsession with decadence, this opening essay establishes the wider intellectual context for the essays that follow. It assesses the historiographical, philosophical and sociological interventions of the period under examination for their deepening of the cultural enquiry into the present that was being taken forward across different artforms, political discourses and individual experiences. It argues for a rethinking of the European ‘fin-de-siècle’ and an expanded frame of historical enquiry that traverses the First World War in assessing this vital period in European history. The humanity of the present is particularly at stake, both in the intellectual arguments about the present advanced during the period, which are surveyed rapidly in this introduction, and in the new cultural, artistic and political discoveries to be presented through the volume as a whole.
Jean Jaurès and the Democratic Present
Authors: Wright Julian
Published: January 2022

Jean Jaurès made it a personal mission to inhabit the present of political debate with his own physical persona, and the drama of his speeches, especially in the French lower house of parliament was self-conscious. Jaurès argued that democracy should provide the basis for social change in the present. No longer was it necessary to dream of utopias and plan secretively for future revolution. The socialist present as he saw it was an open, extrovert experience of lively argument, inspiring speeches and real physical commitment. The physicality of Jaurès’ presence within democratic argument was never more dramatically revealed than in the visceral shock of his assassination, felt as a crushing blow to the body politic, on the eve of the First World War. But his commitment to democratic ‘presence’ also shaped political reporting and commentary in his own day. Through his stubbornly forensic reading of the reports of great crimes and scandals, he would force his auditors to follow him through the precise process of recognizing, day by day and minute by minute, the evidence of violence against oppressed minorities. It was as though Jaurès understood that social redemption could only be attained through the paying of deep individual attention in and to the present.
REFLEXÕES E PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES SOBRE A PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: PERSPECTIVAS PARA OS “FILHOS DO CASAMENTO (IN)FELIZ”
Authors: Mezzaroba Cristiano , Zoboli Fabio
Published: January 2022

Este ensaio tem como objetivo estabelecer reflexões em torno das pesquisas no campo da Educação Física (EF) a partir de suas implicações históricas, considerando a divisão/diferenciação nas formações profissionais (licenciatura/bacharelado), cursos que neste texto fazemos alusão como sendo os “dois filhos do casamento (in)feliz” que em plena “juventude” foram, por forças políticas e mercadológicas, afastados entre si, criando e sustentando dois nichos de pesquisa, de saberes e de intervenção no contexto da EF brasileira. Acreditamos ser necessário o diálogo respeitoso entre as partes no ato de se pesquisar numa área que ainda carece de seriedade acadêmica e profundidade teórica.
ESTABELECIMENTO DE NORMAS DE APTIDÃO FÍSICA PARA ESCOLARES DO SEXO FEMININO DE 13 E 14 ANOS DE IDADE DE SANTA MARIA - RS
Authors: Reis Luiz Francisco
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi de estabelecer normas locais para uma bateria de testes de aptidão física, para escolares de 13 a 14 anos de idade, sexo feminino, das escolas públicas e particulares de Santa Maria, RS. Participaram deste estudo 412 meninas pertencentes a 22 escolas do município de Santa Maria, selecionadas através de uma amostra por conglomerados, sendo que com 13 anos n - 245; 14 anos n = 167. Para a determinação das Normas foram utilizadas as varáveis: estatura, massa corporal, testes de flexibilidade, abdominal, barra, corrida, medidas de dobras cutâneas do tríceps, panturrilha, somatório da dobra cutânea do tríceps com a dobra cutânea da panturrilha e o Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC. onde foi determinada a média, desvio padrão e confeccionada a tabela de Normas Percentílicas de Aptidão Física e Escore T Padronizado para ambas as idades.
ATITUDE DE ESTUDANTES SECUNDARISTAS EM RELAÇÃO À EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA CURRICULAR EM SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Bem Maria Fernanda L. de
Published: January 2022

Os currículos de Educação Física têm sido avaliados buscando proporcionar mudanças de hábitos favoráveis à prática da atividade física relacionados à saúde. A melhor forma de avaliação é conhecer o que os alunos pensam sobre o que deve ser enfatizado, para saber se gostam das aulas e o porquê. Priorizamos o II Grau, pela característica terminal para muitos alunos. Utilizamos como referência as 46 escolas estaduais (EE) de II grau, dos 13 municípios da Grande Florianópolis. A amostragem constituiu-se de 20% dos matriculados nas 3a séries do II Grau, representados por cinco alunos freqüentes e cinco alunos dispensados da Educação Física, em cada EE, presentes por ocasião da visita. Os resultados foram obtidos por um questionário aplicado a 321 estudantes de ambos os sexos e apontam as expectativas dos alunos praticantes em relação à Educação Física: orientar e desenvolver as habilidades motoras visando a prática esportiva e compensar a falta de atividades físicas para o aluno trabalhador, integrando-o na comunidade escolar. Os alunos “dispendados” gostariam de participar das aulas, por acreditarem que a atividade física seja benéfica para saúde. Sugere-se uma maior reflexão em tomo dos currículos e da legislação vigente, que não atendem adequadamente às necessidades apontadas pelos alunos.
ESTAMOS ENVELHECENDO
Authors: Lima Fernanda C.
Published: January 2022

Neste ensaio abordamos as questões do envelhecimento, dos preconceitos, da atividade física e as imposições sociais através da mídia. Nossa sociedade convenciona atos a idades, massifica atitudes e cria estereótipos que acabam por levar a pessoa em envelhecimento ao sedentarismo. Preocupamo-nos com a questão dos estereótipos de beleza lançados pela mídia e supervalorizados nas academias porque sabemos que a atividade física não pode impedir o processo de envelhecimento. A maneira pela qual a atividade física é praticada dentro das academias de ginástica pouco tem contribuído para mudar este quadro, porém acreditamos que este espaço possa vir a se tomar um meio eficiente que colabore na qualidade de vida das pessoas, que se traduz em viver bem todas as idades. Quando as pessoas estão muito apegadas ao corpo e à estética, fica mais difícil aceitar as mudanças e as perdas orgânicas que a idade acarreta. A atividade física, na sua essência, deveria ser um meio facilitador da etapa do envelhecimento e não um instrumento de "fuga" do ciclo natural da vida, tomando o exercício uma "tortura" em busca do corpo perfeito. As pessoas precisam estar preparadas para as mudanças orgânicas e psicológicas que ocorrem durante o envelhecimento, e também saber a importância da atividade física para uma melhor qualidade de vida, relegando, para segundo plano, os valores estéticos que o exercício, por conseqüência, proporciona.
RAZÃO POTÊNCIA ANAERÓBIA - AERÓBIA DE ADOLESCENTES MASCULINOS
Authors: Tourinho Filho Hugo
Published: January 2022

Com o objetivo de investigar o comportamento e a relação entre a potência anaeróbia e aeróbia (razão-potência) de adolescentes masculinos, levando-se em consideração os níveis de maturação sexual, 38 alunos do Colégio de Segundo Grau da Universidade de Passo Fundo, foram avaliados através de uma bateria de testes e medidas. Esta bateria consistiu de avaliação antropométrica (estatura e peso corporal) e espessuras de dobras cutâneas (tricipital e subescapular); nível de maturação sexual (pilosidade pubiana); e das corridas de 40 seg (potência anaeróbia) e de 5 min (potência aeróbia). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste "t" para amostras independentes. Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que a razão potência anaeróbia - aeróbia (razão-potência) calculada para os sujeitos do nível 4 de maturação sexual foi significativamente inferior (p < 0,04) em relação a razão-potência dos sujeitos classificados dentro do nível 5 de maturação sexual. Já que a potência aeróbia permaneceu inalterada entre os níveis 4 e 5, parece razoável sugerir que, a mudança no perfil bioenergético (razão-potência) ocorrida entre os dois níveis, fica claramente atribuída ao aumento do metabolismo anaeróbio que foi observado em relação a maturação sexual.
A COMUNICAÇÃO NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UM ESTUDO COM PORTADORES DE DEFICÊNCIA
Authors: Palma Luciana Erina
Published: January 2022

Teve-se como objetivo analisar o processo comunicativo entre professor-aluno- aluno-professor em aulas de Educação Física no Projeto de Extensão “Atividades Lúdicas e Esportes Adaptados”, mini-projetos Escolinha de Futebol, Escolinha de Dança e Recreação e Lazer do NAEEFA/CEFD/UFSM/RS. A amostra foi composta por portadores de deficiência (PD), professores de Educação Física e acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física da UFSM/RS. Utilizou-se como metodologia: Io) foram observadas aulas dos três mini-projetos; 2o) entrevistou-se professores e acadêmicos de Educação Física que neles atuavam; 3o) Comparou-se as aulas observadas com as entrevistas. Concluiu-se: a) professores e acadêmicos se utilizavam em suas aulas da comunicação verbal, corporal e gestual. sendo a corporal e a gestual como complemento na demonstração das atividades; b) os alunos PD se utilizavam da verbal, corporal e gestual para realizarem as tarefas e interagirem no grupo; c) professores e acadêmicos atribuíram relevância à comunicação em suas aulas somente como auxiliar para a transmissão do conteúdo; d) professores e acadêmicos consideraram o professor de Educação Física um comunicador, entretanto demonstraram dúvidas de serem eles mesmos comunicadores; e) as formas de comunicação utilizadas em aulas para ditos normais como para ditos deficientes são as mesmas, diferindo a metodologia e os objetivos. Elaborou-se sugestões de trabalho integrado entre as formas de comunicação humana e a Educação Física para PD.
Evolução dos padrões fundamentais de movimento arremessar ( a distância e ao alvo) e correr em pessoas portadoras de deficiência mental
Authors: Junghahnel Verena
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar mudanças no comportamento motor de pessoas portadoras de deficiência mental leve, moderada e severa, em relação aos padrões fundamentais de movimento arremessar (à distancia e ao alvo) e correr. Participaram deste estudo 51 jeitos, na faixa etária de 231 8 a 13 anos, alunos do setor educacional do centro de habilitação da apae de São Paulo. As execuções (5 para da tipo de arremesso e 4 para a corrida) foram registradas em vídeo cassete e os dados decodificados de acordo com as seqüencias de desenvolvimento por componentes propostos por Roberton e Halverson (1984 a análise descritiva dos dados demonstrou evolução, manutenção e regressão nos níveis de desenvolvimento do grupo observado, no intervalo de 12 meses. quando comparados os resultados entre os sujeitos portadores de deficiência mental leve _ e moderada, observou-se níveis ma avançados de desenvolvimento, em vários componentes, por parte dos s jeitos portadores de deficiência mental leve.
Alterações fisiológicas e biomecânicas em indivíduos praticando exercícios de hidroginástica dentro e fora d’água
Authors: Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar alterações fisiológicas e biomecânicas durante exercícios de hidroginástica praticados fora d’água (FD) e nas profundidades de água de cicatriz umbilical (PCU) e de ombro (PO). A amostra foi composta por 23 indivíduos do sexo feminino, com idade média de 54 ± 11,16 anos, praticantes de hidroginástica, participantes do programa de extensão universitária da Escola de Educação Física da UFRGS. A amostra inicial­mente foi subdividida em cinco grupos (um grupo para cada exercício de hidroginástica, sorteados entre os exer­cícios mais utilizados pelos professores de hidroginástica do Brasil). Os exercícios sorteados foram o Garça, Lagosta, Jacaré I e II e o Pelicano. A formação dos grupos experimentais foi feita aleatoriamente. Cada exercício foi executado por 5 minutos e o tempo de recuperação entre uma execução e outra foi determinado de forma individual. As variáveis analisadas foram: freqüência cardíaca (FC), concentração de lactato sangüíneo (Lac), consumo de oxigênio (V02), força de reação vertical (Fz) e o impulso (Imp). Diferentes tratamentos estatísticos foram utilizados para comparar as classes de variáveis classificatórias, para a localização das diferenças, para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis fisiológicas e biomecânicas e para determinar o grau de influência de uma variável sobre outra, usando-se o pacote estatístico SPSS for Windows versão 8.0. Não foram encontradas dife­renças estatisticamente significantes nas variáveis analisadas entre os cinco exerdícios realizados, com exceção do V02 fora d’água entre o exercício Lagosta e o Pelicano. O comportamento dç-tedas as variáveis estudadas foi semelhante, apresentando maiores valores quando os indivíduos realizavam o exercício FD, e diminuindo a me­dida que aumentava a profundidade de imersão. V02 e FC não mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre FD e PCU, mas mostraram diferenças entre a PO e os outros dois tratamentos (FD e PCU), o mesmo acontecendo para Lac, Imp e Fz. Nos exercícios realizados FD as variáveis fisiológicas tem um maior poder explicativo do fenômeno analisado, enquanto que na PCU e PO são as variáveis biomecânicas que tem um maior poder explicativo dos fenômenos analisados.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: UMA PROPOSTA DE BASE PARA A RECONCEITUAÇÃO CURRICULAR
Authors: Carvalho Edna Ribeiro de
Published: January 2022

A QUESTÃO CURRICULAR CONSTITUI UM DOS ASSUNTOS MAIS DISCUTI­DOS NO INTERIOR DA COMUNIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DOS CURSOS DE LI­CENCIATURA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRAS. O MO­MENTO ATUAL DE REESTRUTURAÇÃO E IMPLANTAÇÃO DOS NOVOS CURRÍCULOS DOS CURSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES REFLETE A NECESSIDADE PRIOMORDIAL DE DISCUTIR E POLEMIZAR A PROBLEMÁTICA DO CURRÍCULO. DENTRO DESSE CONTEXTO, ESSE ESTUDO JUSTIFICA-SE NA MEDIDA EM QUE BUSCA CONTRIBUIR NO CRESCIMENTO DAS DISCUSSÕES E PROCURA REPOS­TAS PARA QUESTÕES AINDA POLÊMICAS, COMO A DEFINIÇÃO DO PERFIL PRO­FISSIONAL, O PAPEL DOS PROFESSORES NESSA NOVA VISÃO DE CURRÍCULO E A FUNDAMENTAÇÃO TEÓRICO-FILOSÔFICA QUE PERMEIA IMPLÍCITA E EXPLICI­TAMENTE A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA GRADE CURRICULAR. A PROPOSTA DE UMA RECONCE ITUALIZAÇÃO CURRICULAR A PARTIR DAS BASES, DA DISCUSSÃO COM A COMUNIDADE ENVOLVIDA E DA ANÁLISE DA INS­TITUIÇÃO ONDE ESSE CURRÍCULO SE INSERE, CONSTITUI A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DESSE ESTUDO A TÃO IMPORTANTE PROBLEMÁTICA.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE POSICIOWWEKTO FILOSÓFICO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL EM ESCOLAS DE 1- E 2“ GRAUS
Authors: OLIVEIRA Jose Guilmar Mariz de
Published: January 2022

0 PROBLEMA INVESTIGADO NESTE ESTUDO ENVOLVEU A IDENTIFICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DAS POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES EXISTENTES ENTRE POSICIONAMENTO FILOSÓFICO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL, TAL COMO PERCEBIDO POR DIRETORES E PROFESSORES DE ESCOLAS DE 1e E 2- GRAUS DA DIVISÃO REGIONAL DE ENSINO DA CAPITAL-3, NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO. CONCLUI-SE QUE, CONSIDERADAS AS DELIMITAÇÕES E CARACTERÍSTICAS DO ESTUDO, A PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES SOBRE 0 CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL DAS ESCOLAS É RELACIONADA DE FORMA ESTATISTICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVA COM 0 POSICIONAMENTO FILOSÓ­FICO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DOS DIRETORES, INDICANDO UMA POSSÍVEL PREDIÇÃO DO CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO ESCOLAR ATRAVÉS 00 CONHECIMENTO 00 POSICIONA­MENTO FILOSÓFICO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA :SUSTENTADO POR SEU LÍDER ADMINISTRATIVO
FATORES ANTROPOHÉTRICOS NO ALTO RENDIHENTO EH ANDEBOL
Authors: Saraiva Eduardo
Published: January 2022

Para além das preocupações no âmbito da técnica Individual e, conseqüentemente, no seu comportamento nas ações táticas, verifica­mos que durante a década de 70 os responsáveis técnicos começaram a dedicar especial atenção a outros fatores igualmente importantes e a considerar para a seleção dos componentes das equipes envolvidas na alta competição. Com efeito, é evidente que o tipo morfológico também é uma vari ável da "performance" na prática desportiva, registrando-se, no mo­mento atual, alguns êxitos com a inclusão de jogadores (particular­mente nos desportos coletivos) de elevada estatura, situação que mo­tivou alterações significativas na organização coletiva, em diferen­tes modalidades. Entretanto, segundo Le VEAU (1974), "existem poucos estudos pu­blicados visando determinar o tipo físico ideal para cada modalidade desportiva". Por outro lado, nas obras de especialidade publicadas em diversos países e, mesmo, entre nós, pouca atenção tem sido dada à avaliação funcional e às características morfológicas dos atletas de andebol predominando quase exclusivamente artigos de âmbito tecni^ co. Foi a tomada de consciência desta lacuna - no caso particular do andebol, quer a nível internacional, quer, e sobretudo, anívelnacio nal - que nos motivou para este artigo de pesquisa.
0 PROCESSO EDUCATIVO: UNA LEITURA PSICOLÓGICA E EPISTENOLÔGICA
Authors: Isaia Silvia Marira de Aguiar
Published: January 2022

A educaçao, como fenomeno multidimensional, comporta inúmeros ângulos de abordagem. Para o presente artigo, optou-se, conforme ISAIA (1981), por en- foca-la sob dois ângulos: educação como processo vivido e educação como investigação deste processo. Na perspectiva proposta, o instrumental conceituai utilizado se_ ra de natureza psicologica e epistemológica, o que não representa re duzir a dimensão educativa a um psicologismo ou a um epistemologismo. A delimitação do tema prende-se a dois fatores básicos: impossibili­dade de analisar, em profundidade e simultaneamente, todas as dimen­sões do fenomeno educativo; interesse teórico e de pesquisa da auto­ra, centrado na produção de conhecimento.