bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choline Glycerophosphate and Silymarin Modulate Brain and Intestinal Injuries in Rats Exposed to Gamma-Radiation
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Nahed , Elkady Ahmed A. , Elgazzar Eman M.
Published: October 2021

This work aims to investigate the possible effect of choline glycerophosphate alone or combined with silymarin administration in modulating whole body gamma irradiation-induced brain and intestinal injuries in rats. Rats were irradiated with 7 Gy then subjected to choline glycerophosphate and/ or silymarin for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and brain and intestine samples were dissected for biochemical, molecular and histopathological examinations. The results showed that choline glycerophosphate, alone or combined with silymarin, ameliorated the adverse effects of radiation as revealed by the inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptotic and inflammatory markers (MDA, Caspase 3, TNF alpha, IL-1β and NF-kB). However, TAC, anti-inflammatory marker, IL-10 and IkBa mRNA were increased. This was also accompanied by a significant increase in the Ach level, ChAT activity and α7 nAChR mRNA expression and a significant decrease in the activity of AChE as compared with the corresponding values of the irradiated group. Moreover, a reduction in the tissue lesions were observed in brain and intestinal tissues. In conclusion, choline glycerophosphate and silymarin exhibited modulating effect against detrimental effects of gamma radiation via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
Inaugural MSK Medicine Module: An innovative multidisciplinary medical education model
Authors: Zywiel Michael G. , Sathiyamoorthy Thrmiga , Archibald Doug , Kraemer William , Alman Benjamin , Ferguson Peter , Simor Andrew , Mendoza Roberto , Bruno Tania , Sangha Harpreet Singh , McDonald-Blumer Heather , Bookman Arthur , Josse Robert , Norris Erin , Elliot-Gibson Victoria , Howard Andrew , Flannery John , Nousiainen Markku , Wadey Veronica
Published: October 2021

Background

Given the increased need to enhance musculoskeletal education, an inaugural musculoskeletal (MSK) focused module was developed and evaluated as part of an orthopedic surgery training program at the University of Toronto. The educational offerings were based on a previously validated MSK Curriculum. Specifically, the aims are to evaluate the effectiveness of the module on 1) improving MSK knowledge and skills expected of graduating Orthopaedic residents and 2) the ability of residents to collaborate professionally with non-surgical MSK clinicians.
Methods

Nine residents initially selected to participate in the competency based curriculum for orthopaedic surgery completed this module as an essential component of their training. The module was experienced during the mid-point of training (PGY 3 equivalent). An evaluation template was developed using pre and post module multiple choice (MCQ) and short answer questions (SAQ) to assess knowledge; summary of in-training education reports (ITERs) of clinical educational experiences and; feedback obtained for scholarly presentations. Structured feedback was obtained from learners and educators to evaluate the effectiveness of the module and to inform changes to optimize future learning opportunities and environments.
Results

Nine residents completed the pilot study. The module was 8 weeks long. Learners rotated through clinical settings within five educational pillars. All residents demonstrated improvements in MSK medicine knowledge expected of graduating Orthopaedic residents with a 40% increase in mean MCQ scores (76% vs 60%; p<0.001) and 58% improvement in mean SAQ scores (78% vs 47%; p<0.001). Professionalism evaluations revealed performance above the expected level with a mean in-training education reports score of 4.19 out of 5 (SD: 0.44; range, 3.73 to 5).
Conclusion

Completing a MSK medicine module at the mid-point of postgraduate Orthopaedic training positively impacts acquisition of relevant MSK knowledge and skill, while facilitating interdisciplinary management of patients with MSK conditions using a new educational paradigm.
Analysis of differentially expressed genes related to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the myocardium of type-2 diabetic rats
Authors: Tan Yin , Lei Yanping , Huang Ceng , Li Xiaomei , Lin Yingnan , Huang Yi , Xiong Yan
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) contributes to type-II diabetics (T2DM) patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanism of DCM remains unclarified. ResultsThe present study analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the occurrence and development of DCM. Furthermore, T2DM rat animal models with different courses of DCM were established, and these were confirmed by the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the blood glucose and lipid profile examination, and M-echocardiographic results. Then, transcriptome sequencing was utilized to screen the DCM-related genes. A total 18,410 genes and 19,184 unigenes in each group obtained the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. The bioinformatics analysis results revealed that there were 360 DEGs in the 8w-T2DM group, including 191 upregulated genes and 169 downregulated genes, and 381 DEGs in the 16w-T2DM group, including 258 upregulated genes and 123 downregulated genes. The DEGs were enriched in 19 cellular components, 21 molecular functions, and 22 biological processes. The KEGG pathway analysis results revealed the in the 8w-T2DM group, the DEGs were enriched in the pathways of unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, PPAR signaling, and fatty acid elongation, degradation and metabolism. In the 16w-T2DM groups, the pathways that enriched the DEGs involved were antigen processing and presentation, complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and viral myocarditis. The upregulated genes, were as follows: Cers1, Acot1, Hmgcs2, NTSR-1, PDK4 and Cxcl13. The downregulated genes were, as follows: Abcd2 and Fcrl-2. These were identified as correlated to the occurrence and development of DCM. The differential expression was validated by quantitative polymerase chain (Q-PCR). ConclusionsCers1, the gene involved in lipid metabolism, had the highest Log2FC value and might be considered the DCM-related gene for further investigation. This might help screen for the potential pharmaceutical target for DCM.
Assessment of Stormwater Discharge Contamination and Toxicity for a Cold-Climate Urban Landscape
Authors: Popick Hayley , Brinkmann Markus , McPhedran Kerry
Published: October 2021

Background

Stormwater is water resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt running off the urban landscape, collecting in storm sewers, and typically being released into receiving water bodies through outfalls with minimal to no treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence observing its deleterious pollution impacts, stormwater management and treatment in cold climates remains limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data and modelling parameters. This study examines the quality of stormwater discharging during the summer season in a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan).
Results

Seven stormwater outfalls with mixed-land-use urban catchments >100 km2 were sampled for four summer (June-August 2019) storm events and analyzed for a suite of quality parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metals, and targeted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, assessment of stormwater toxicity was done using the two toxicity assays Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae) and Vibrio fischeri (bacteria). Notable single-event, single-outfall contaminant pulses included of arsenic (420 µg/L), cadmium (16.4 µg/L), zinc (924 µg/L), fluorene (4.95 µg/L), benzo[a]pyrene (0.949 µg/L), pyrene (0.934 µg/L), phenanthrene (1.39 µg/L), and anthracene (1.40 µg/L). The IC50 in both R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds for individual contaminant species.
Conclusions

In general, stormwater characteristics were similar to those of previous studies, with a bulk of contamination carried by the first volume of runoff, influenced by a combination of rainfall depth, antecedent dry period, land use, and activity within the catchment. Roads, highways, and industrial areas contribute the bulk of estimated contaminant loadings. More intensive sampling strategies are necessary to contextualize stormwater data in the context of contaminant and runoff volume peaks.
Corpus Driven Machine Translation Framework for Students
Authors: PAN Zhengxu , Wang Lei
Published: October 2021

Machine translation can be used as a language-based method, where words are translated into the most appropriate language where they will be replaced. Students are willing to automatically learn knowledge interpretation from large data instead of writing rules on human professionals. Although the end-to-end machine translation (MT) process has recently made considerable progress, the problem of low-resource language pairs and areas still suffers from data scarcity. In this paper, an architectural statistics source-based translation machine (ASS-TM) model has been introduced to deal with the data scarcity problem need to translate small body language. The discriminative learning process (DLP) is employed to enlarge the vocabulary of a system and set of syntactic structures by integrating the synonyms and paraphrases obtained in corpus training. The iteration pipelines for the integration and combination of various generation models using an effective decoding framework. Symmetric context-free grammar (SCG)is implemented to extract a translation memory that includes the conceptual relationships between the two component’s structures. The simulation analysis is performed based on accuracy and efficiency, proving the proposed framework’s reliability of 97.3%.
Construction and Mechanism of Bacterial Cellulose With High Carbon Yield By a Stretching Orientation Method
Authors: Jiang Wenjing , Jiang Zhenlin , Fan Xin , Zhu Min
Published: October 2021

Bacterial cellulose (BC)decomposes easily and the carbon residue rate is low. These factors critically restrict its application in fabricating cellulosic carbon materials. Therefore, in this paper, a simple and facile method to improve the BC carbon yield is proposed based on the stretching orientation of BC. By controlling the degree of BC deformation, the orientation and crystallinity of the BC can be adjusted, thereby sensitively affecting the graphitization degree and carbon yield of carbonized BC. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LNMR). The results indicated that when the pre-stretched strain was 40%, the crystallinity and graphitization degree of BC improved, and the carbon yield increased significantly in comparison to that of untreated BC. Thus, a low-cost, facile, and environmentally friendly method of increasing the carbon yield of BC was developed in this study.
Immunological Effects of Glutamine Supplementation in Polytrauma Patients in Intensive Care Unit.
Authors: Cotoia Antonella , Cantatore Leonarda Pia , Beck Renata , De Gregorio Alessandra , Marchese Flavia , Ferrara Giuseppe , Cinnella Gilda
Published: October 2021

Background In polytrauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients, glutamine (GLN) become a "conditionally essential" amino acid; its role has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials but their results are inconclusive. We evaluated the IgA–mediated humoral immunity after GLN supplementation in polytrauma ICU patients. Results All consecutive patients with polytrauma who required mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition (EN) provided within 24 hours since the admission in ICU at the University Hospital of Foggia from September 2016 to February 2017 were included. Thereafter, two groups were identified: patients treated by conventional EN (25 kcal/kg/die) and patients who have received conventional EN enriched with 50 mg/kg/ideal body weight of alanyl-GLN 20% intravenously. We analyzed plasmatic concentration of IgA, CD3+/CD4+ T Helper Lymphocytes, CD3+/CD8+ T suppressor Lymphocytes, CD3+/CD19+ B Lymphocytes, IL-4 and IL-2 at admission, at 4, 8 days. We identified 30 patients, with 15 subjects per group. IgA levels increased significantly in GLN vs control group at T0, T4 and T8.CD3+/CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and CD3+/CD8+ T suppressor lymphocytes levels significantly increased in GLN vs control group at T4 and T8. CD3+/CD19+ B lymphocytes levels increased significantly in GLN vs control group only at T8.IL-2 and IL-4 levels showed no significant differences when comparing GLN with control group. Conclusions Our study showed that there was an improvement in humoral and cell-mediated immunity with GLN supplementation in polytrauma ICU patients using recommended doses.
Development and Clinical Validation of CT-Based Regional Centiloid Method for Amyloid PET
Authors: Kim Soo-Jong , Ham Hongki , Park Yu Hyun , Choe Yeong Sim , Kim Young Ju , Jang Hyemin , Na Duk L. , Kim Hee Jin , Moon Seung Hwan , Seo Sang Won
Published: October 2021

Background: We developed and validated CT-based regional Centiloid. A CT-based regional Centiloid was developed and validated in the present study. Methods: For development ofMRI-based or CT-based regional CLs,the cohort consist of 63 subjects (20 young controls (YC) and18 old controls (OC), and 25 Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD)).We used direct comparison of FMM-FBB CL (dcCL) method using MRI and CT images to define a common target region and six regional VOIs including the frontal, temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate, occipital and striatal regions. Global and regional dcCL scales were compared between MRI-based and CT-based methods. For clinical validation, cohortconsisted of 2,245subjects (627 in CN, 933 in MCI, and 685 in ADD). Results: Both MRI-based and CT-based dcCL scales showed that FMM and FBB were highly correlated with each other, globally and regionally (R2 = 0.96~0.99). Both FMM and FBB showed that CT-based regional dcCL scales were highly correlated with MRI-based regional dcCL scales (R2 = 0.97~0.99). Absolute differences in regional CL scales between CT-based and MRI-based methods seemed to be relatively insignificant (p>0.05). In our clinical validation study, the G(-)R(+) and G(+)Str(+) groups predict worse neuropsychological performance than the G(-)R(-) and the G(+)Str(-) groups (p< 0.05) respectively.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that it is feasible to convert FMM or FBB dcSUVR values into the dcCL scales regionally without additional MRI scans, which might in turn become a more easily accessible method for researchers and be applicable to a variety of different conditions.
Maternal risk factors associated with preterm birth after IVF/ICSI
Authors: Li Jian , Shen Jinhua , Zhang Xiaoli , Peng Yangqin , Zhang Qin , Hu Liang , Reichetzeder Christoph , Zeng Suimin , Li Jing , Tian Mei , Gong Fei , Lin Ge , Hocher Berthold
Published: October 2021

In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI).is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd - 37th gestational week), and early preterm birth (20th - 32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4,328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: a) early preterm birth group (n=66), b) preterm birth group (n=675 ) and c) full-term birth group (n=3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (>39) or younger (<25) maternal age (OR:1.504, 95%CI: 1.108-2.042,P=0.009; OR: 2.125, 95%CI: 1.049-4.304,P=0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95%CI: 8.014-11.935,P<0.001; OR: 8.588, 95%CI: 4.866-15.157,P<0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95%CI: 8.053-27.767,P<0.001; OR: 16.479, 95%CI: 4.381-61.976,P<0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95%CI: 1.736-7.249,P=0.001; OR: 7.145, 95%CI: 1.990-25.663,P=0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95%CI: 1.770-3.514,P<0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95%CI: 1.011-1.240,P=0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95%CI: 0.949-0.985,P<0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor.
High Prevalence of Hypoglycemia in People Above the Age of 75 without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gelders Jille , Lieten Siddhartha , Mets Tony , Bautmans Ivan , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Lambrecht Sophie , Bravenboer Bert
Published: October 2021

Background: Hypoglycemia, especially at old age, can lead to several major problems, such as falls and cognitive deficits. The aim of our study was to detect hypoglycemia in older persons with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).Methods: The frequency and duration of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia was studied in ambulatory geriatric (>75 years), non-diabetic persons (Group 1, n=10), using real time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM, Dexcom G6), and in age- and sex-matched cognitively-healthy, T2DM patients having HbA1c levels < 9.0% (Group 2, n=10). The device was used during 20 days per person, who was blinded for the values on the receiver (except in case of severe hypo- or hyperglycemia). Data were stored for further analysis on the Dexcom Clarity Portal.Results: Hypoglycemia occurred frequently in older persons without T2DM, despite absence of hypoglycemia-inducing medication. In this group, people had 0.50% (median value) of the time glycemic values below 70 mg/dL, most of the episodes happened during nighttime. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that hypoglycemia occurs frequently in non-diabetic older persons. Further studies are needed to determine whether this could be part of the normal aging process, and to determine if hypoglycemia might contribute to cognitive deterioration.
Transcriptome Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals COVID-19 Patients Are Not Recovered to Normal After Discharge for 5 Months
Authors: Abbas Misbah , Shasha Deng , Zhao Dan , Han Kexing , Khalid Zunera , He Hongliang , Ma Huan , jin tengchuan
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHighly pathogenic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) initiated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has swiftly expanded throughout the world, and the fatality rate is still expanding due to the second wave in 2020 winters. This ongoing epidemic threatens public health with its new strain that emerged in some countries and might cause devastating deaths. Therefore, the host transcriptomic profile from patients during recovery is important for understanding this disease. MethodsWe performed transcriptome profiling of the RNAs isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of recovered COVID-19 patients at hospital discharge of three months and five months respectively.ResultsOur results exposed diverse inflammatory genes and cytokine profiles to infection in recovered patients, and emphasize the highly expressed genes in COVID-19 patients like CCL4, CCL3, CXCL9, CXCL16, IL10, CSF2, VEGFA showed a decreasing trend in recovered patients. Furthermore, the integrated analysis predicted that JUN, CTSL, DDIT4, RRAS, BIRC5, CTSZ, CCNB2, CDK1, OAS1/2, IFIT3, RSAD2, and TP53I3 genes may be valuable for the recovery of COVID-19 patients. ConclusionsOur analysis confirms the presence of some inflammatory genes in recovered patients, suggesting COVID-19 patients did not return to their normal expression even after 5-months of discharge. Identification of transcriptome profiling of recovered patients provides useful information regarding its pathogenesis and might help for the development of better treatment for COVID-19.
MolData, A Molecular Benchmark for Disease and Target Based Machine Learning
Authors: Arshadi Arash Keshavarzi , Salem Milad , Firouzbakht Arash , Yuan Jiann Shiun
Published: October 2021

Deep learning’s automatic feature extraction has been a revolutionary addition to computational drug discovery, infusing both the capabilities of learning abstract features and discovering complex molecular patterns via learning from molecular data. Since biological and chemical knowledge is necessary for overcoming the challenges of data curation, balancing, training, and evaluation, it is important for databases to contain meaningful information regarding the exact target and disease of each bioassay. The existing depositories such as PubChem or ChMBL offer the screening data of millions of molecules against a variety of cells and targets, however, their bioassays contain complex biological information which can hinder their usage by the machine learning community. In this work, a comprehensive disease and target-based dataset are collected from PubChem in order to facilitate and accelerate molecular machine learning for better drug discovery. MolData is one the largest efforts to date for democratizing the molecular machine learning, with roughly 170 million drug screening results from 1.4 million unique molecules assigned to specific diseases and targets. It also provides 30 unique categories of targets and diseases. Correlation analysis of the MolData bioassays unveils valuable information for drug repurposing for multiple diseases including cancer, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Finally, we provide a benchmark of more than 30 models trained on each category using multitask learning. MolData aims to pave the way for computational drug discovery and accelerate the advancement of molecular artificial intelligence in a practical manner. The MolData benchmark data is available at https:// github.com/Transilico/MolData as well as within the supplementary materials.
Etiologies and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Macular Hole: A 8-Years Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Yue Huifang , Liu Chenyu , Zhang Yunda , Zhang Lijuan , Gao Zhao , Ma Tao , Zhang Ximei
Published: October 2021

Background: To investigate the etiologies and clinical characteristics of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) patients at Shanxi eye hospital of North China. Methods: Patients diagnosed with FTMH and treated with surgery from 2012 to 2020 were included, and the etiologies and clinical features of different types of MHs were analysed in the 8-years cross sectional retrospective study. Multivariate correlation analysis was used to predict the related factors affecting baseline vision.Results: A total of 752 cases (776 eyes) were analysed. The top three causes of MH were idiopathic (IMH, 64.4%), myopic (MMH, 21.1%) and traumatic (TMH, 3.7%). Among these three causes’ groups, there were significant differences in sex distribution, age, and baseline BCVA. Female was predominated in IMH and MMH, while it was the opposite in TMH. The age of onset in IMH was older than MMH and TMH. The baseline Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in IMH (Z=8.9, p<0.001) and Others group (Z=4.0, p<0.001) were significantly better than in MMH. In IMH, female patients had younger age, shorter axial length, and poorer baseline BCVA than male, while in MMH there were no significant differences between sexes. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that the smaller hole diameter of IMH, MMH without retinal detachment and younger age in TMH, may resulted in better baseline BCVA. Conclusions: The most common etiologies in MH were idiopathic, myopic and traumatic, which contributed to the different clinical features. Female was more common in IMH and MMH, and patients with MMH were 6.5 years earlier than IMH in onset. Therefore earlier monitoring fundus for female and people with high myopia is helpful for early detection and timely treatment.
Antiviral Effects of Gelatin Stabilized Ferrous Sulfide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tong Ting , Deng Shuangfei , Zhang Xiaotong , Fang Liurong , Liang Jiangong , Xiao Shaobo
Published: October 2021

Ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) are widely applied to environmental remediation, catalysis, energy storage and medicine because of their high reactivity, large specific surface area and low cost, arousing great interest of researchers. However, there is no literature reported on its application in the antiviral field. In the study, gelatin stabilized FeS nanoparticles (Gel-FeS NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and S2‒ in the aqueous phase with continuous stirring under anaerobic conditions. The as-prepared Gel-FeS NPs were good stabilization and dispersibility with the size distribution of 77.7 ± 16.4 nm, as determined by UV-Vis spectrometer, TEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. We reported for the first time the virucidic and antiviral activity of Gel-FeS NPs. The Gel-FeS NPs with good dispersibility and biocompatibility were synthesized, and they exhibited effective inhibition on the proliferation of PRRSV by blocking the PRRSV outside the host cells. Moreover, the Fe2+ from degraded ferrous sulfide still displayed an antiviral effect, demonstrating the advantage as an antiviral nanomaterial of Gel-FeS NPs compared to other nanomaterials. This work highlighted the antiviral effect of Gel-FeS NPs, broaden the applications of iron-based nanoparticles for combating the virus.
Prevalence of Depression, Adherence, and Quality of Life in Advance Chronic Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Butt Muhammad Daoud , Butt Rahma Zahid , Butt Fatima Zahid , Rasool Fawad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din , Ramzan Basit , Ong Siew Chin
Published: October 2021

Background: Many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have poor physical and mental health, little is known about these health domains in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aimed to study how symptoms, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differed between ESRD and CKD patients.Methodology: Patients with ESRD and those with advanced CKD are included in the study. The Morisky Lewis Greens Adherence measures, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and KDQOL-SF-36 were used to assess patients' adherence, depression, and HRQoL, and these health domains were compared between patient groups. Results: A total of 314 patients participated in the study, the mean age of participants was 54.64±15.33. Hypertension and diabetes remained the predominant comorbid conditions with prevalence rates of 64.2% and 74.6%, respectively which is significantly higher level of depression observed , which also deteriorates follow-up periods in both groups of patients. The anemic condition remained the major problem among patients with ESRD. The results show thay the overall HRQoL domain and scale parameters were deteriorating the follow-up period. Scores on the SF-36 Physical Component Summary and the SF-36 Mental Component Summary were similar. Conclusions: Patients with ESRD and advanced CKD have similar symptom burdens, depression rates, and poor HRQoL. Given the well-known impairments in both patient groups, the findings of this study highlight the significant decline in the physical and psychological well-being of CKD patients.
Circ-Calm4 Regulates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Autophagy by Binding Purb
Authors: Zhang Junting , Li Yiying , Chen Yujie , Yu Xiufeng , Sun Hanliang , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Lixin , Wang Yifan , Zhu Daling
Published: October 2021

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and fatal disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The excessive autophagy of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the important factors of pulmonary vascular remodeling. A number of studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) can participate in the onset of PH. Our previous studies have shown that circRNA calmodulin 4 (circ-calm4) is involved in the progression of hypoxic PH. However, the role of circ-calm4 on regulation of hypoxic PH autophagy has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that hypoxia-mediated upregulated circ-calm4 expression has a key regulatory effect on autophagy in hypoxia-induced PASMCs and hypoxic PH mouse models. Knockdown of circ-calm4 both in vivo and in vitro can inhibit the autophagy in PASMCs induced by hypoxia. We also performed bioinformatics predictions and conducted experiments to verify that circ-calm4 bound to the purine-rich binding protein (Purb) to promote its expression in the nucleus, thereby initiating the transcription of autophagy-related protein Beclin1. Interestingly, we found that Beclin1 transcription initiated by Purb was accompanied by a modification of Beclin1 super-enhancer to improve transcription activity and efficiency. Overall, our results confirm that the circ-calm4/Purb/Beclin1 signal axis is involved in the occurrence of hypoxia-induced PASMCs autophagy, and the novel regulatory mechanisms and signals transduction pathways in PASMC autophagy induced by hypoxia.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Tissue Architecture in Ovarian Carcinosarcoma
Authors: Xu Junfen , Cen Yixuan , Lu Weiguo
Published: October 2021

Background
Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is one of rarest and most challenging histologic subtype of ovarian cancer. It features remarkable cellular heterogeneity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterize the cellular composition of the OCS and identify their molecular characteristics.
Methods
we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to resected primary OCS for the in-depth analysis of tumor cells and the TME. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used for validation.
Results
Malignant epithelial and fibroblast cells displayed a high-degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. We revealed that certain epithelial cell subclusters had high levels of drug resistance scores and many active metabolic pathways. Furthermore, γδ T cells exhibited enriched IFNγ and IFNα response characteristics. Notably, we observed that macrophages were mainly M2-like macrophages with immunosuppressive properties. In addition, we found that the CD1A+/FCER1A+ DC cells were enriched with genes related to cytolytic effector pathway. Analyzing ligand-receptor interaction pairs between cell types, we identified broadly interacting cells and observed an interaction between the ANXA1+ epithelial population and FPR1+/FPR3+ myeloid cells.
Conclusion
Our findings provide a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human OCS and present a well-established resource for elucidating OCS diversity.
The Identification of MiRNA and MRNA Expression Profiles Associated with Pediatric Atypical Teratoid/rhabdoid Tumor
Authors: Xu Xinke , Yuan Hongyao , Pan Junping , Chen Wei , Chen Cheng , Li Yang , Li Fangcheng
Published: October 2021

Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a malignant pediatric tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) with high recurrence and low survival rates that is often misdiagnosed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the tumorigenesis of numerous pediatric cancers, but their roles in AT/RT remain unclear.Methods: In this study, we used miRNA sequencing and gene expression microarrays from patient tissue to study both the miRNAome and transcriptome traits of AT/RT.Results: Our findings demonstrate that 5 miRNAs were up-regulated, 16 miRNAs were down-regulated, 179 mRNAs were up-regulated and 402 mRNAs were down-regulated in AT/RT. The expressions of hsa-miR-17-5p and MAP7 mRNA showed the most significant differences in AT/RT tissues as assayed by qPCR, and analyses using the miRTarBase database identified MAP7 mRNA as a target gene of hsa-miR-17-5p. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the dysregulation of hsa-miR-17-5p may be a pivotal event in AT/RT and MAP7 miRNAs that may represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
Association of PM2.5 and Its Components With Lengths of Hospital Stay for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jieguo , Zhou Kai , Tian Ye , Wei Feiran , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Xu
Published: October 2021

Background

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern. Studies on air pollution and the lengths of hospital stay (LOS) of HFMD are scarce.
Methods

We characterized the clinic demographic features of 5135 hospitalized HFMD in Nanjing, China from 2012 to 2017, and analyzed the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 as well as its components (OM, BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT, SOIL and SS) and the LOS of HFMD.
Results

Among them 98.62% were aged 0–6 years old, and 3772 (73.46%) were hospitalized for seven days or less. The LOS of HFMD children was different in different ages, illness onset years and illness onset seasons (P<0.01). For per IQR increase in PM2.5 concentrations, LOS of HFMD increased by 0.52(0.33, 0.71), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.69) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28–0.65) day in adjusted models at lag 3 days, lag 7days and lag 14 days, respectively. In addition, per IQR increase of BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL were also significantly associated with the LOS of HFMD.
Conclusions

Our findings corroborated the hypothesis that short-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased the LOS of HFMD, and its components (BC, SO42−, NH4+, NIT and SOIL) of PM2.5 might play a key role in the prolonged LOS of HFMD.
Energy Optimization in Smart Urban Buildings Using Bio-Inspired Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Khan Fakhri Alam , Ullah Kifayat , Rahman Atta ur , Anwar Sajid
Published: October 2021

Instead of planting new electricity generation units, there is a need to design an efficient energy management system to achieve a normalized trend of power consumption. Smart grid has been evolved as a solution, where Demand Response (DR) strategy is used to modify the nature of demand of consumer. In return, utility pay incentives to the consumer. The increasing load demand in residential area and irregular electricity load profile have encouraged us to propose an efficient Home Energy Management System (HEMS) for optimal scheduling of home appliances. In order to meet the electricity demand of the consumers, the energy consumption pattern of a consumer is maintained through scheduling the appliances in day-ahead and real-time bases. In this paper we propose a hybrid algorithm Bacterial foraging Ant colony optimization is proposed (HB-ACO) which contain both BFA and ACO properties. Primary objectives of scheduling is to shift load from On-peak hour to Off-peak hours to reduce electricity cost and peak to average ratio. A comparison of these algorithms is also presented in terms of performance parameters electricity cost, reduction of PAR and user comfort in term of waiting time. The proposed techniques are evaluated using two pricing scheme time of use and critical peak pricing. The HB-ACO shows better performance as compared to ACO and BFA which is evident from the simulation results
Moreover the concept of coordination among home appliances is presented for real time scheduling. We consider this is knapsack problem and solve it through Ant colony optimization algorithm.
Elastomeric Seal Stress Analysis Using Photoelastic Experimental Hybrid Method
Authors: Mose Bruno , Shin Dong-Kil , Alunda Bernard , Nam Jeong-Hwan
Published: October 2021

Stress freezing is an important and powerful procedure in 3-dimensional experimental stress analysis using photoelasticity. The application of the stress freezing technique to extract stress components from loaded engineering structures has, however, declined over the years even though its principles are well established. This is attributed to huge costs arising from energy consumption during the process. In addition, significant time is needed to generate the desired information from isoclinic and isochromatic fringes. To overcome the limitations of stress freezing in photoelasticity and transform it into an economical device for stress analysis in an engineering environment, a new stress freezing cycle that lasts 5 hours is proposed. The proposed technique is used in several applications of elastomeric seals with different cross-sectional profiles to assess its suitability. It was found that reducing the cycle time can lead to huge energy savings without compromising the quality of the fringes. Moreover, the use of isochromatic only to extract stress components leads to a shorter processing time to achieve desirable information since the process of obtaining isoclinic data is involving. In this paper, results of stress analysis from stress frozen elastomeric seals with various cross-sections using the new stress freezing cycle are presented.
Effects of perioperative red blood cell transfusion on systemic immune indicators and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing cesarean section: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhou Yilu , Tao Yiyi , Xu Zhendong , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2021

Background

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal death in all regions of the world. Intra-operative red blood cell transfusion is one of the most effective strategies to treat PPH. However, the effect of blood transfusion on patients undergoing cesarean section remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a intra-operative blood transfusion on systemic immune indicators and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing cesarean section.
Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients undergoing cesarean section between January 2016 and June 2020. We divided these patients into two groups according to whether they received a intraoperative blood transfusion. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups. After propensity score matching, the length of stay (LOS), perioperative systemic inflammation-based scores, and postoperative complications were compared. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between covariates and outcomes.
Results

A total of 1221 patients were enrolled. After propensity score matching, a significant difference in LOS was observed between groups (4.2days vs. 6.6days, P=0.026). The postoperative complication rate in the blood transfusion (BT) group was significantly higher than that in the non-blood transfusion(NBT) group (vomiting, 3.2% vs. 4.9%, P=0.032; fever, 5.41% vs. 2.24%, P=0.032; wound complications, 15.44% vs. 10.45%, P=0.028; intestinal obstructions, 5.88% vs. 2.75%, P=0.034, respectively). The systemic inflammatory indicators fluctuated significantly in the BT group compared with the NBT group on POD1 and POD3. The multivariate analysis indicated that intra-operative blood transfusion was associated with a longer LOS (hazard ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.25).
Conclusions

A intra-operative blood transfusion was associated with fluctuations in systemic inflammatory indicators, higher postoperative complication rates and a prolonged length of stay.
Association between LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis in an Asymptomatic Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Juan , Liu Jiuling
Published: October 2021

Background and aims

LDL-C/HDL-C ratio predicted atherosclerosis progression better than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. However, the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and Carotid Atherosclerosis(CA) is still controversial. There is a lack of research on this topic in theAsymptomatic Japanese Population. This study aims to provide further results.

Methods

The study population was a cross-sectional study of 1904 subjects free of cardio-cerebrovascular disease at baseline(mean age 57±11.9 years, 51.9% male). All participant sultrasonography of the carotid artery. The presence of carotid plaque score(PS) aand plaque number (PN) were evaluated by ultrasonography. Multivariate logistic regression models to estimatethe LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and PS relationship. Participants were stratified into three groups based on LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertiles. Interaction and stratified analyses were conductedaccording to age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, fatty, and histories of diabetes.

Results

In regression models and after multiple adjustments, the risk of PS was significantly associated with serum LDL-C/HDL-C ratio levels in which LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was included as a categorical variable. It remained significant for the highest vs the first tertile of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.04–2.17). Stratified analysis,we found that the association was more significant aged <65 years old, female and non-diabetes subgroups.Interaction analysis showed no interaction between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and PS in the fatty,smoking, and drinking subgroups.

Conclusions

In conclusion, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is an independent risk factor for CA in the Japanese population. A prospective and randomized clinical trial of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio lowering therapy in the Japanese population is needed to assess the causal nature of the relationship.
Identification and Evolutionary Characterization of Papillomavirus Sequences in New World Monkeys (Genera Sapajus and Alouatta) from Argentina
Authors: Fernandez Candelaria Sanchez , Bolatti Elisa M , Culasso Andres C.A. , Chouhy Diego , Kowalewski Martin M , Stella Ema J , Schurr Theodore G , Rinas Miguel A , Liotta Domingo Javier , Campos Rodolfo H. , Giri Adriana A , Badano Ines
Published: October 2021

Objective: In this study, we investigated the occurrence of papillomavirus (PV) infection in non-human primates (NHP, Platyrrhine) of northeastern Argentina by using broad-spectrum PCR primers at the L1 gene. In addition, we conducted a phylogenetic and coalescence analysis of viral sequences to explore their evolutionary history and evaluate the co-speciation hypothesis in the context of primate evolution. Methods: We obtained samples of 57 individuals from wild and captive populations of Alouatta caraya, Sapajus nigritus and Sapajus cay. We assessed PV infection by PCR amplification with the CUT primer system and sequencing of 337 bp (112 amino acids) of the L1 protein. The viral sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescence methods to estimate the age of the most common recent ancestor (tMCRA) with BEAST, v1.4.8 software. We evaluated viral/host tree congruence with TreeMap v3.0. Results: We identified two novel putative PV sequences of the genus Gamma- PV in Sapajus sp and Alouatta caraya (SPV1 and AcPV1, respectively). The tMRCA of SPV1 was estimated at 11,941,682 years before present (ybp) and that of AcPV1 at 46,638,071 ybp, both predating the coalescence times of their hosts: 6.4 million years (MYA) and 6.8 MYA, respectively. Based on the comparison of primate and viral phylogenies, we could not reject the null hypothesis that the PV tree is no more congruent with the host tree than a random tree would be (P>0.05). Thus, a model of virus-host coevolution was rejected. Conclusion: This study presents the first report of PV infection in Platyrrhine species from Argentina, expands the range of described hosts for these viruses, and proposes new scenarios for their origin and dispersal.
Development of SOM Daily Precipitation Statistical Downscaling Model And Its Applicability Assessment in North China
Authors: Wang Yongdi , Sun Xinyu
Published: October 2021

A statistical downscaling method based on SOM which named SOM-SD is used over North China. It’s applicatibility by downscaling daily precipitation is evaluated. Indices are selected which represent the statistics of daily precipitation with regard to both precipitation amount (Prtot, SDII) and frequency (nr001), as well as extreme event (P95T, CWD, CDD). The large-scale predictors were extracted from the daily NCEP reanalysis data, while the predictand was high resolution gridded daily observed precipitation. A downscaling method based on SOM named SOM-SD was presented and evaluated. In evaluating, the frequency difference of wet-dry nodes is defined. And it is confirmed that there was a significant positive correlation between frequency difference and precipitation. The SOM-SD method displayed a high skill in reproducting the climatologic statistical properties of the observed precipitation. The value of BS is between 0 and 1.5×10-4. Sscore is between 0.8 and 1. The bias ranges are -7.4% and -11.6% for Prtot and SDII, -3.1days for nr001, +3.4% for P95T, -1.1 days for CWD and +3.5 days for CDD. Therefore, SOM-SD method works reasonably well.
A Novel Spatiotemporal Trajectory Pattern Recognition with Nature Inspired Early Destination Prediction Algorithm Using Intelligent Sensor Devices for Secure Wireless Communication
Authors: Prabhakaran D. , Jesudas T.
Published: October 2021

This research work focused mainly on early prediction of destination and emergency-oriented procedure to recognize trajectory patterns from intelligent sensor devices by analyzing GPS data. As an option in contrast to the customary two essential methodologies with direction following that limit the hopefuls regarding the excursion advance, and Next Place Prediction that surmises the future area of a client from client propensities, we proposed here another model dependent on both ordinary models. The benefit of this research work is, it definitely limits the goal hopefuls productively at the beginning time of a trek, inferable from the staying data got from the NPP approach. In spite of the straightforwardness of our model, the proposed strategy gives enhanced execution contrasted with traditional methodologies dependent on the test results utilizing the GPS logs of 1,546 genuine clients from the business administrations. To assess the proposed strategy and techniques, consecutive direction informational indexes originate from the GeoLife venture alongside human circulation logs from cell phone application EMAPP are used. Goal expectation (e.g., anticipating a future area) can be connected to different down to earth applications. A case of goal expectation is customized GIS administrations, which are relied upon to give backup courses of action to empower clients to maintain a strategic distance from clogged streets in future applications. At long last, we show the capability of managing area data for advancing crisis the executives.