bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hinter das Bewusstsein zurück
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan
Published: December 2020

The state of recent as well as older research on social ontology suggests a paradigmatic approach, according to which it is our consciousness that must provide the framework for conceptualising the social. I, however, argue that Wittgenstein’s treatment of rule-following opens up a new horizon for the ontology of the social. The fact that the rules of our language are social in nature and that we need not be aware of them in order to follow them shifts the problem to what lies behind consciousness. The ontological conceptualisation of the social must focus on our implicit knowledge instead, which is always an enabling condition for our consciousness: for we share some of this implicit knowledge with others, as can be seen from Wittgenstein and the case of language.
Disease mapping models for data with weak spatial dependence or spatial discontinuities
Authors: Baptista Helena , Congdon Peter , Mendes Jorge M. , Rodrigues Ana M. , Canhão Helena , Dias Sara S.
Published: December 2020

Recent advances in the spatial epidemiology literature have extended traditional approaches by including determinant disease factors that allow for non-local smoothing and/or non-spatial smoothing. In this article, two of those approaches are compared and are further extended to areas of high interest from the public health perspective. These are a conditionally specified Gaussian random field model, using a similarity-based non-spatial weight matrix to facilitate non-spatial smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping; and a spatially adaptive conditional autoregressive prior model. The methods are specially design to handle cases when there is no evidence of positive spatial correlation or the appropriate mix between local and global smoothing is not constant across the region being study. Both approaches proposed in this article are producing results consistent with the published knowledge, and are increasing the accuracy to clearly determine areas of high- or low-risk.
A comparison of cause-specific and competing risk models to assess risk factors for dementia
Authors: Waller Michael , Mishra Gita D. , Dobson Annette J.
Published: December 2020

The study of dementia risk factors is complicated by the competing risk of dying. The standard approaches are the cause-specific Cox proportional hazard model with deaths treated as censoring events (and removed from the risk set) and the Fine and Gray sub-distribution hazard model in which those who die remain in the risk set. An alternative approach is to modify the risk set between these extremes. We propose a novel method of doing this based on estimating the time at which the person might have been diagnosed if they had not died using a parametric survival model, and then applying the cause-specific and Fine and Gray models to the modified dataset. We compare these methods using data on dementia from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and discuss the assumptions and limitations of each model. The results from survival models to assess risk factors for dementia varied considerably between the cause-specific model and the models designed to account for competing risks. Therefore, when assessing risk factors in the presence of competing risks it is important to examine results from: the cause-specific model, different models which account for competing risks, and the model which assesses risk factors associated with the competing risk.
Doubt every crisis! Klimawandelleugnung in Zeiten der Pandemie
Authors: Radtke Jörg , Drewing Emily , Zorn Jenny , Schreurs Miranda
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Phänomen der Klimawandelleugnung sowie der Kritik an Klimaschutz-Politiken und Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der Corona-Pandemie, welche in jüngster Zeit immer stärker zunehmen. Es zeigen sich Parallelen zwischen den Teilnehmer*innen der „Corona-Demonstrationen“ und Klimawandelleugner*innen – etwa die Nichtanerkennung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und die Bezugnahmen auf sowie Verbreitung von Verschwörungstheorien. So können Ergebnisse zu Klimawandelleugner*innen, die bereits gut beforscht sind, auch für die Analyse und Einordnung der Denkmuster und Strategien der gegen die Maßnahmen zur Pandemie-Bewältigung Demonstrierenden in Wissenschaft und Praxis aufschlussreich sein. Der Beitrag beleuchtet, was Klimawandelleugner*innen und ihre Kommunikationspraktiken auszeichnet. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Überlegungen für den Umgang mit Menschen vorgestellt, die Wissenschaft und Politik hinsichtlich der Einschätzung und adäquaten Adressierung von Krisen misstrauen.
Permutations of zero-sumsets in a finite vector space
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Pavone Marco
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider a finite-dimensional vector space

𝒫

{{\mathcal{P}}}

over the Galois field

GF
⁡

(
p
)

{\operatorname{GF}(p)}

, with p being an odd prime, and the family

ℬ
k
x

{{\mathcal{B}}_{k}^{x}}

of all k-sets of elements of

𝒫

{\mathcal{P}}

summing up to a given element x. The main result of the paper is the characterization, for

x
=
0

{x=0}

, of the permutations of

𝒫

{\mathcal{P}}

inducing permutations of

ℬ
k
0

{{\mathcal{B}}_{k}^{0}}

as
the invertible linear mappings of the vector space

𝒫

{\mathcal{P}}

if p does not divide k, and as the invertible affinities of the affine space

𝒫

{\mathcal{P}}

if p divides k. The same question is answered also in the case where the elements of the k-sets are required to be all nonzero, and, in fact, the two cases prove to be intrinsically inseparable.
On a Lévy process pinned at random time
Authors: Erraoui Mohamed , Hilbert Astrid , Louriki Mohammed
Published: December 2020

In this paper, our first goal is to rigorously define a Lévy process pinned at random time. Our second task is to establish the Markov property with respect to its completed natural filtration and thus with respect to the usual augmentation of the latter. The resulting conclusion is the right-continuity of completed natural filtration. Certain examples of such process are considered.
HDAC8 promotes daunorubicin resistance of human acute myeloid leukemia cells via regulation of IL-6 and IL-8
Authors: Wu Jieying , Zhang Ling , Feng Yashu , Khadka Bijay , Fang Zhigang , Liu Jiajun
Published: December 2020

The chemoresistance is one of the major challenges for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. We found that the expression of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) was increased in daunorubicin (DNR) resistant AML cells, while targeted inhibition of HDAC8 by its specific siRNA or inhibitor can restore sensitivity of DNR treatment . Further, targeted inhibition of HDAC8 can suppress expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8. While recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) and rIL-8 can reverse si-HDAC8-resored DNR sensitivity of AML cells. Mechanistical study revealed that HDAC8 increased the expression of p65, one of key components of NF-κB complex, to promote the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. It might be due to that HDAC8 can directly bind with the promoter of p65 to increase its transcription and expression. Collectively, our data suggested that HDAC8 promotes DNR resistance of human AML cells via regulation of IL-6 and IL-8.
Homossexualidade, homoerotismo e género em O Filho de Mil Homens, de Valter Hugo Mãe
Authors: Nogueira Carlos
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo, discuto a presença e os enquadramentos técnicos e ideológicos dos problemas da homossexualidade, do homoerotismo e do género (masculino/feminino) no romance O Filho de Mil Homens (2011), do português Valter Hugo Mãe (1971). Convoco quer as principais teorias que propõem explicações para a homossexualidade e a identidade de género quer as visões de alguns autores que, não filiados em nenhuma teoria, escreveram sobre o tema, como Michel Foucault, John Thorp ou Judith Butler.
Epifanía y escatología en la poética de Octavio Paz
Authors: Meléndez-Guerrero Luis Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Los estudios sobre el hecho epifánico elaborados dentro de la tradición literaria moderna muestran, a nuestro parecer, una tendencia a presentar el sentido de la epifanía bajo los límites de la conceptualización técnica, dejando como elemento secundario el papel fenomenológico que la epifanía poética lleva en su entraña. A continuación, presentaremos un panorama general que ejemplifique el modo en que la epifanía poética ha sido definida por la teoría literaria. En un segundo momento abordaremos la manera en que Octavio Paz entiende y presenta la epifanía en su obra, para finalmente, ofrecer una lectura que nos permita plantear la posibilidad de una condición escatológica en la epifanía poética.
Una teoría para el análisis de la naturaleza de factores intervinientes en la formación y evolución de los dúos literarios
Authors: Rimoldi Lucas , Monchietti Alicia
Published: December 2020

Este estudio de carácter teórico analiza la naturaleza de los factores intervinientes en la formación y evolución de los dúos literarios. Al inicio de la escritura a dúo hay una fascinación por algo que creemos tiene el otro y nos puede aportar, y sus dos valores fundamentales son la habilitación de temáticas ajenas a los escritores en términos de individualidad y el disfrute que provoca su ejercicio. La teoría esferológica de Peter Sloterdijk nos permite ver los dúos como esferas insufladas de simpatía y afinidad de creencias y esfuerzos, que habilitan la atribución y distribución de una identidad común y una resonancia fantasmática que alimenta el quehacer creativo. Esta modalidad tensa el yo autoral en el sentido de estiramiento o elongación, puede mejorar la escritura de cada autor único, mientras que su escollo más frecuente deriva de la tentación de convertirse en el autor principal. Esto se manifiesta usualmente en las etapas de distribución y recepción de la obra y hace evidente el aspecto ético de la práctica.
Abatement of formaldehyde with photocatalytic and catalytic oxidation: a review
Authors: Soni Vipin , Goel Varun , Singh Paramvir , Garg Alok
Published: December 2020

Formaldehyde is one of the vital chemicals produced by industries, transports, and domestic products. Formaldehyde emissions adversely affect human health and it is well known for causing irritation and nasal tumors. The major aim of the modern indoor formaldehyde control study is in view of energy capacity, product selectivity, security, and durability for efficient removal of formaldehyde. The two important methods to control this harmful chemical in the indoor environments are photocatalytic oxidation and catalytic oxidation with noble metals and transition metal oxides. By harmonizing different traditional photocatalytic and catalytic oxidation technologies that have been evolved already, here we give a review of previously developed efforts to degrade indoor formaldehyde. The major concern in this article is based on getting the degradation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature. In this article, different aspects of these two methods with their merits and demerits are discussed. The possible effects of operating parameters like preparation methods, support, the effect of light intensity in photocatalytic oxidation, relative humidity, etc. have been discussed comprehensively.
Performance analysis of shunt active filter for harmonic compensation under various non-linear loads
Authors: Puhan Pratap Sekhar , Ray Pravat Kumar , Pottapinjara Srikinta
Published: December 2020

This paper shows the motivation towards the development of a dq-Proportional Resonant (PR) control strategy in shunt active power filter design for eliminations of distortions in source currents for different loading conditions. The switching signals for the inverter of shunt active power filter (APF) have been generated by the hysteresis current control scheme. The controller performance has been verified by using different types of loads such as non-linear balanced, unbalanced and variable etc., with the system in MATLAB/Simulink environment. An experimental prototype has also been developed in the laboratory and results are analyzed to validate the efficacy of the proposed controller.
Characterization of sheep tail fat dry fractionation at the pilot scale
Authors: Hou Chengli , Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Mengya , Tian Xueke , Shen Qingwu , Zhang Dequan
Published: December 2020

Two-step dry fractionation was employed to prepare the liquefied sheep tail oil at the pilot scale. Sheep tail oil was separated into fat residuals, crude oil, stearin A, stearin B, olein A, and olein B. The extracted rates for crude oil, olein A, and olein B were 66.7, 45.9, and 35.0%, respectively. The ratios of saturated/unsaturated fats in the crude oil, olein A fractions, and olein B fractions were 0.62, 0.63, and 0.60, respectively. The olein B was liquid at ambient temperature and its melting point was 5.32 °C. The iodine values of stearin samples were significantly decreased compared to the crude oil samples (P < 0.05). For the stearin fractions, the polymorphic form was mainly β’ form, and the solid fat content was significantly higher than the olein fractions (P < 0.05), which can be used to make the shortening product.
A caring model for nursing education
Authors: Hayne Arlene N. , Schlosser Sharron P. , McDaniel Gretchen S.
Published: December 2020

With the many changes occurring within the health system and nursing education, ongoing shortages in the number of nurses and nursing faculty, increased incidences of incivility, and the charge to transform nursing education while upholding and transmitting the core professional values, a better understanding of the climate within nursing education is warranted. Caring is a core value of the profession of nursing and has received much attention and study, primarily in the practice setting. In nursing education much of this work has centered on the structure and processes of nursing education and the nursing student’s development of caring behaviors. This article proposes a caring model for nursing education that integrates the key concepts of organizational climate, leadership, and caring theories. The intent of the model is to provide a framework that can be used for professional nursing education that incorporates the core value of caring and develops graduates prepared to provide relationship-based, patient-centered care.
Historical Consciousness and Transitional Justice in Post-War Sri Lanka
Authors: Dewasiri Nirmal
Published: December 2020

Historical consciousness is a decisive factor in Sri Lanka with regards to the relationships between Sinhala and Tamil ethnic communities. It functioned as a great divide between these two communities. It was also used as a “charter of right” in order to impose one community’s claim on the other. This has become increasingly problematic in the post-war context after the violent hostilities between the Sri Lankan state and Tamil insurgents ended in 2009. Sinhala-Buddhists, who were politically dominant and identify themselves as the legitimate possessor of the island, desire to consolidate their dominance in the Tamil North and reckon historical knowledge as an effective tool for that end. The historical narrative that Sinhala Buddhists endorsed beginning in the early 20th century proved to be insufficient in countering the rising power of a Tamil counter narrative. Attempts have been made since the mid-1980s to produce a new historical narrative that is capable of challenging Tamil political claims. Although this effort was not fully successful, partial success was achieved during and after the war between the Sinhala dominated state and Tamil insurgents. The new historical consciousness that emerged out of this process proved to be extremely problematic in the context of the growing need for transitional justice for the war-affected Tamils in the North.
Josephus’ Nabataeans: a vision of Roman power in the Near East
Authors: Accettola Anna
Published: December 2020

Nabataean history is significantly overlooked in the works of ancient historians. Josephus is an exception to this, as he includes several important events from Nabataean history inDe Bello JudaicoandAntiquitates Judaicae. However, his retelling of these events differs between the two works. In this paper, I argue that Josephus became more “pro-Roman” over time and eventually overshadowed an accurate portrayal of Nabataean history in his later narrative. He undermined moments of tension between Rome and Nabataea in order to showcase Roman power in the Near East, even beyond reality. In support of this argument, I analyze the Nabataean sections of Josephus’ works, as each passage has overlapping details, but significantly different emphasis, characterization, and perspective through variations in terminology, imagery, and tone. Though problematic, Josephus has preserved a unique look into Roman-Nabataean relations in the two centuries prior to the incorporation of Nabataea into the Empire.
Instruments with Heterogeneous Effects: Bias, Monotonicity, and Localness
Authors: Huntington-Klein Nick
Published: December 2020

In Instrumental Variables (IV) estimation, the effect of an instrument on an endogenous variable may vary across the sample. In this case, IV produces a local average treatment effect (LATE), and if monotonicity does not hold, then no effect of interest is identified. In this paper, I calculate the weighted average of treatment effects that is identified under general first-stage effect heterogeneity, which is generally not the average treatment effect among those affected by the instrument. I then describe a simple set of data-driven approaches to modeling variation in the effect of the instrument. These approaches identify a Super-Local Average Treatment Effect (SLATE) that weights treatment effects by the corresponding instrument effect more heavily than LATE. Even when first-stage heterogeneity is poorly modeled, these approaches considerably reduce the impact of small-sample bias compared to standard IV and unbiased weak-instrument IV methods, and can also make results more robust to violations of monotonicity. In application to a published study with a strong instrument, the preferred approach reduces error by about 19% in small (N ≈ 1, 000) subsamples, and by about 13% in larger (N ≈ 33, 000) subsamples.
Effect of Copper Electrode Geometry on Electrofreezing of the Phase-Change Material CaCl2·6H2O
Authors: Swandi Ahmad , Rahman Annisa , Putri Risky Afandi , Anggraini Radhiah , Kurnia Daniel , Wonorahardjo Surjamanto , Sutjahja Inge Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The development of effective active thermal energy storage systems requires an understanding of how electrode geometry affects the electrofreezing process. This study aimed to observe the nucleation behavior of an inorganic phase-change material, CaCl2·6H2O, using a DC electric field and various copper electrode geometries. The effects of both the electrode diameter (

d
=
0.5

d=0.5

and 0.7 mm) and the tip shape (flat and sharp end surfaces) were investigated. Data analysis was performed to reveal the nucleation temperature, freezing temperature, supercooling degree, supercooling time, and crystallization time period. The copper electrode with the larger diameter was found to result in a higher nucleation temperature, a smaller supercooling degree, faster nucleation, and a shorter crystallization time period. Moreover, changing from a flat tip to a sharp tip decreased the nucleation temperature and increased the supercooling degree. This study showed that the electrode geometry plays an important role in the phase-change behavior of CaCl2·6H2O.
Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks
Authors: Al-Tarawneh Luae , Alqatawneh Ali , Tahat Ashraf , Saraereh Omar
Published: December 2020

The requirement for the huge bandwidth-demanding applications has urged researchers to develop improved data pipes that could allow smooth data flow. Revolutionary growth has been witnessed in the domain of the telecommunication industry, which has opened new horizons for connectivity among humans and devices alike especially, in the era of 5G. The advancement from TDM multiplexed signal transmitted over copper wire to the flexible and smart grid along with ethernet passive optical networks or space division multiplexed over optic fiber introducing enormous speed in 100 of Gbps has contributed to the fastest communication. The heterogeneous structure and network complexity require the automating of telecommunication services which have been assisted with the incorporation of machine learning and artificial intelligence, highlighting the new era of communication with the reliability and fastest accessibility. This survey reports the evolution of optical carrier generations and advancement in networks along with the fundamental achievements to comprehend the supportive competition while highlighting the gaps and challenges for future work.
Tyrosine metabolism in health and disease: slow-release amino acids therapy improves tyrosine homeostasis in phenylketonuria
Authors: Porta Francesco , Giorda Sara , Ponzone Alberto , Spada Marco
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency leads to hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and tyrosine (Tyr) depletion. We investigated Tyr homeostasis in patients with PAH deficiency and the effect of a slow-release amino acids therapy in phenylketonuria (PKU).

Methods

We performed four complementary investigations: (1) Tyr concentrations were monitored in 114 patients (10.6 ± 11.9 years) with PKU on dietary treatment supplemented with traditional amino acid formulations (n=52, 1175 samples) or non-PKU HPA on a free diet (n=62, 430 samples); (2) Tyr metabolism in PKU was quantitatively evaluated in three patients by a simple Tyr oral loading test (100 mg/kg); (3) diurnal and (4) long-term Tyr concentrations were evaluated in 5 and 13 patients with PKU, respectively, who switched from traditional to slow-release amino acids therapy.

Results

1) Tyr concentrations in the PKU population were subnormal and significantly lower than in non-PKU HPA (p<0.01); (2) the response to a Tyr loading test in PKU was normal, with basal Tyr concentrations reached within 12 h; (3) the diurnal metabolic profile in patients on slow-release amino acids therapy revealed higher morning fasting and nocturnal Tyr concentrations with respect to traditional therapy (p<0.01); (4) this picture was confirmed at follow-up, with normalization of morning fasting Tyr concentrations in patients on slow-release amino acids therapy (p<0.01) and unchanged Phe control (p=0.19).

Conclusions

Slow-release amino acids therapy can improve Tyr homeostasis in PKU. If associated to optimized Phe control, such a metabolic goal may allow long-term clinical benefits in patients with PKU.
Normal values of cardiac axis (CA) measurements in healthy fetuses during the first trimester screening ultrasound
Authors: Kesrouani Assaad , Abdallah Wael , Kharrat Roland , Choueiry Elie , Daou Linda , Nasr Bernard
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To report the normal fetal cardiac axis (CA) values at the time of the first trimester screening ultrasound.

Methods

Standardized images and measurement of the CA were obtained from 100 healthy fetuses between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation along with the nucal thichkness (NT), Crown–rump length (CRL) and other measurements. We excluded cases with abnormal NT, later diagnosis of abnormalities, and suspected fetal cardiopathy during the pregnancy follow-up. Data analysis was performed after all the patients delivered and cardiopathy was excluded.

Results

CA was measurable in all the cases. Higher CRL was associated with a decrease in the CA. The mean ± SD embryonic/fetal CA was 48±5,2°, ranging from 39 to 60°, The 2.5 percentile was defined at 40° and the 97.5 percentile at 59°. The Pearson test resulted in a significant correlation between CA and CRL with a coefficient R of 70% and p-value <0.01.

Conclusions

CA tends to decrease at the 11 to 13+6 gestational ages. We defined 2.5 and 97.5% curves for the normal values of CA in our Middle Eastern population. A larger study will be required to differentiate normal and abnormal values for the early detection of heart abnormalities.
Season and habitat affect diversity, abundance and reproductive state of small mammals near Lake Abaya, Ethiopia
Authors: Tomass Zewdneh , Shibru Simon , Yonas Meheretu , Megaze Aberham , Woldu Zerihun , van Houtte Natalie , Feleke Gebeyehu , Belmain Steven R. , Leirs Herwig
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the spatio-temporal association of small mammals in human-modified habitats. Small mammals were sampled using Sherman traps along 200 m transects (with one trap at every 10 m interval) in each of four habitats (cropland, forest patch, scrubland and wetland) replicated twice. Additional trapping was carried out in rural settlements comprising of eight homesteads, with five traps per homestead. Trapping was conducted in three sessions during the agricultural seasons: rainy (October), off-rain (December) and dry (February) over two years (2018 and 2019). In each session, trapping was carried out for three consecutive nights. A total of 497 small mammals belonging to 12 species from four families (Soricidae, Macroscelididae, Gliridae and Muridae) were captured. Murine rodents accounted for 99.4% of the animals with Mastomys erythroleucus (58%) being the dominant species. The scrubland had the highest small mammal species diversity while the cropland had the lowest. M. erythroleucus was not strongly associated with any spatio-temporal parameter and scored majority of seasonally reproducing individuals in the cropland, signifying its pest importance. Though disconnected from protected areas, habitats such as the scrubland harbor diverse small mammal species (including a vulnerable-endemic species, Grammomys minnae), suggesting the habitats’ significance for ecosystem functioning and conservation.
Simply connected topological spaces of weighted composition operators
Authors: Tong Cezhong , Zhang Zhan , Xu Biao
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we prove that the topological spaces of nonzero weighted composition operators acting on some Hilbert spaces of analytic functions on the unit open ball are simply connected.
Central lifting property for orthomodular lattices
Authors: Kermani Neda Arjomand , Eslami Esfandiar , Saeid Arsham Borumand
Published: December 2020

We introduce and investigate central lifting property (CLP) for orthomodular lattices as a property whereby all central elements can be lifted modulo every p-ideal. It is shown that prime ideals, maximal ideals and finite p-ideals have CLP. Also Boolean algebras, simple chain finite orthomodular lattices, subalgebras of an orthomodular lattices generated by two elements and finite orthomodular lattices have CLP. The main results of the present paper include the investigation of CLP for principal p-ideals and finite direct products of orthomodular lattices.
The Poincaré-Cartan forms of one-dimensional variational integrals
Authors: Chrastinová Veronika , Tryhuk Václav
Published: December 2020

Fundamental concepts for variational integrals evaluated on the solutions of a system of ordinary differential equations are revised. The variations, stationarity, extremals and especially the Poincaré-Cartan differential forms are relieved of all additional structures and subject to the equivalences and symmetries in the widest possible sense. Theory of the classical Lagrange variational problem eventually appears in full generality. It is presented from the differential forms point of view and does not require any intricate geometry.
Directional launching of surface plasmon polaritons by electrically driven aperiodic groove array reflectors
Authors: Lin Yuanhai , Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong-Son , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: December 2020

Access to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with directional control excited by electrical means is important for applications in (on-chip) nano-optoelectronic devices and to circumvent limitations inherent to approaches where SPPs are excited by optical means (e.g., diffraction limit). This paper describes directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating along a plasmonic strip waveguide integrated with an aperiodic groove array electrically driven by an Al–Al2O3–Au tunnel junction. The aperiodic groove array consists of six grooves and is optimized to specifically reflect the SPPs by 180° in the desired direction (+x or −x) along the plasmonic strip waveguide. We used constrained nonlinear optimization of the groove array based on the sequential quadratic programming algorithms coupled with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to achieve the optimal structures. Leakage radiation microscopy (Fourier and real plane imaging) shows that the propagation direction of selectively only one SPP mode (propagating along the metal–substrate interface) is controlled. In our experiments, we achieved a directionality (i.e., +x/−x ratio) of close to 8, and all of our experimental findings are supported by detailed theoretical simulations.
Cybertheologie
Authors: Winter Roman
Published: December 2020

Digitalität

Diese Publikation erscheint im Kontext des vom LOEWE-Programm des Hessischen Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kunst geförderten Forschungsschwerpunkts „Religiöse Positionierung: Modalitäten und Konstellationen in jüdischen, christlichen und islamischen Kontexten“ an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt und der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.

als kulturell-lebensweltliche Ausprägung digital-technischer Artefaktennutzung und Kommunikation wird zunehmend zum Thema der Geisteswissenschaften, jedoch kaum der Theologie. Der Artikel nähert sich phänomenologisch der Digitalität mithilfe der in Transformation begriffenen Auffassung des menschlichen Leibes. Ziel ist hierbei, mögliche Antworten der christlichen Theologie auf die Kultur- und Lebenswirklichkeit durchdringende Wirkung von Digitalität hermeneutisch zu erschließen. Da sowohl Theologie als auch Digitalität wesentlich mithilfe von Zeichen(prozessen) Wirklichkeit interpretieren, scheint ein hermeneutischer Zugang und dessen Evaluierung eine angemessene theologische Forschungsperspektive zu bieten.
Growth parameters of invasive gibel carpCarassius gibelio(Bloch, 1782) in Lake Marmara (Turkey)
Authors: Ilhan Ali , Sarı Hasan M. , Kurtul Irmak
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to determine growth parameters, such as age–length and length–weight relationships, as well as condition factors and sex ratio, of theCarassius gibelio(Bloch, 1782) population in Lake Marmara (western region of Turkey), which is one of the most important fishing areas. Fish were caught on a monthly basis by gillnets and trammel nets (mesh size 10–50 mm) between March 2012 and February 2013. A total of 1058 specimens (809 females and 249 males) were examined. The female–male ratio was 1:0.31. The maximum age was determined as VI and V for females and males, respectively. The total length of females and males ranged from 10.0 to 27.5 cm and from 10.2 to 24.0 cm, respectively. Their weight varied from 17.1 to 378.4 g and from 17.7 to 244.9 g, respectively. Length–weight relationship parameters werea= 0.014 andb= 3.040 for females anda= 0.015 andb= 3.039 for males. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters of theC. gibeliopopulation were as follows: L∞= 35.86 cm, k = 0.189 year−1, t0= −1.238 years. Minimum and maximum condition factors were 1.56 for females in October and 1.82 in May and 1.67 for males in September and 1.94 in January.
The Yemeni Conflicts: A Mismatch Theory Interpretation
Authors: Cambrini Rebecca , Zanotti Luca
Published: December 2020

This article examines the causes of the current centrist and secessionist civil conflicts in Yemen. We argue that it is possible to explain the outbreak of the struggle of the Houthis against the central government as well as the acceleration of southern secessionist demands in light of the mismatch theory developed by Herrera, Morelli, and Nunnari (2019). In line with this model, we show that the two conflicts erupted once the relatively low political-economic power of the Houthis and of the southern secessionists was no longer matched by a parallel imbalance in their relative military strength vis-à-vis the central government. To examine the implications of the theory in Yemen, we use qualitative evidence on the two ongoing conflicts. The Yemeni case suggests that conflicts exhibiting a non-parallel asymmetry in relative military strength and political-economic power between the warring actors can be interpreted in light of the mismatch theory, regardless of their direction or the objectives their players pursue.
Effect of gamma radiation on the structural, thermal and optical properties of PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanocomposite
Authors: Alhazime Ali A. , El-Shamy Nesreen T. , Benthami Kaoutar , Barakat Mai ME. , Nouh Samir A.
Published: December 2020

Nanocomposite films of polymethylmethacrylate PMMA with Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by both thermolysis and casting techniques. Changes in PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 nanocomposite (NCP) due to gamma irradiation have been measured. XRD results indicate that the gamma doses of 10–80 kGy cause intermolecular crosslinking that reduces the ordered portion in the NPs. Bonding between the NPs and the host PMMA was confirmed by FTIR. TGA results indicate an enhancement in thermal stability in the NCP films irradiated with doses 20–80 kGy. The optical band gap was reduced from 3.23 to 2.47 eV upon gamma irradiation up to 80 kGy due bonding between the NPs and PMMA which enhanced the amorphous part of the NPs. Finally, the color variation between the blank and irradiated films (ΔE) was determined. Color changes immensely when the PMMA/Sn0.75Fe0.25S2 NCP films are gamma irradiated. Values of ΔE were as much as 31.6 which is an acceptable match in commercial reproduction on printing presses.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of iNOS/NOS2 in gastric and colorectal cancer
Authors: Lu Mingbei , Wu Suping , Cheng Guoxiong , Xu Chaobo , Chen Zhengwei
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of the present work was to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS/ NOS2) in colorectal and gastric cancers and evaluate its association with patient’s prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods The data for present study was obtained from the TCGA, GTEx, and STRING database. iNOS/NOS2 mRNA expression in normal tissue and colorectal, and gastric cancer tissuea were investigated through the GTEx and TCGA database. iNOS/NOS2 gene mutations and frequency were analyzed in the TCGA database using the cBioPortal online data analysis tool. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of iNOS/NOS2 was constructed by STRING database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of iNOS/NOS2 and relevant proteins involved in the PPI network were enriched and demonstrated by the bubble plot. Comparison of the overall survival(OS) and disease free survival(DFS) between samples expressing high and low levels of iNOS/NOS2 was analysis based on the TCGA databases through the GEPIA online data analysis tool.

Results For colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma(READ) iNOS/NOS2 mRNA expression levels in tumor tissue were significant higher than those of corresponding normal colorectal tissue (p<0.05). iNOS/NOS2 mutations were identified in both colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Missense substitutions and synonymous substitution were the top two mutation types for colorectal and gastric cancer. The top positive and negative co-expressed genes correlated with iNOS/ NOS2 were TRIM40 (rpearson=0.56, p<0.05) and GDPD5 (rpearson=-0.41, p<0.05) in colorectal cancer respectively andCASP5 (rpearson=0.63,p<0.05) and PIAS3 (rpearson=-0.43,p<0.05) in gastric cancer. Twenty one proteins were included in the PPI network with 51 nodes and 345 edges which indicated the PPI enrichment wassignificant (p=1.0e-16). The KEGG of the included genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. There was a significant difference indisease free survival (DFS) between samples expressing high and low iNOS/NOS2 (HR=0.37, p=0.044) in rectal cancer. The difference was not statistical between iNOS/NOS2 high and low expressing groups for overall survival(OS) or DFS in the colon cancer or gastric cancer(p>0.05).

Conclusions iNOS/NOS2 mRNA isup-regulated in tumor tissue compared to corresponding normal tissue in colorectal and gastric cancer which implement it in the development of colorectal and gastric cancers.
Cannabissucht und ihre Folgen
Authors: Thomasius Rainer
Published: December 2020

Regelmäßiger, in der Adoleszenz beginnender Cannabiskonsum ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen, kognitive Einbußen und Einschränkungen von Bildungserfolg verbunden. In der deutschen Suchthilfe stellen CannabiskonsumentInnen die zweitgrößte Gruppe nach Kontaktanlässen wegen Alkoholmissbrauchs. Die Behandlungserfolge bei Cannabisabhängigkeit sind moderat. Ein Viertel der Therapieteilnehmenden bleibt mittelfristig abstinent.
Global experience of HVDC composite insulators in outdoor and indoor environment
Authors: Akbar Mohammad , Mehmood Basharat
Published: December 2020

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is known as green-energy transfer technology and has recently become an attractive alternative of high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) due to its high-power transmission capability and lower power loss. Use of composite insulators on direct current (DC) transmission lines experienced rapid growth in recent years due to their high hydrophobicity and better performance in contaminated environment than conventional ceramic insulators. During their service operation on DC lines, insulators are prone to more accumulation of contaminants due to unidirectional electric field. The contaminants under wet conditions allow leakage current to flow on the insulator surface. Being organic in nature, polymeric insulators have a tendency to age under the combined effects of electrical and environmental stresses. To fully understand the long-term aging performance of DC composite insulators, a detailed survey was considered necessary. Towards that end, this paper critically summarizes worldwide experience of aging performance of composite insulators in the field as well as in laboratory conditions.
Immersed boundary method for multiphase transport phenomena
Authors: Xiao Wei , Zhang Hancong , Luo Kun , Mao Chaoli , Fan Jianren
Published: December 2020

Multiphase flows with momentum, heat, and mass transfer exist widely in a variety of industrial applications. With the rapid development of numerical algorithms and computer capacity, advanced numerical simulation has become a promising tool in investigating multiphase transport problems. Immersed boundary (IB) method has recently emerged as such a popular interface capturing method for efficient simulations of multiphase flows, and significant achievements have been obtained. In this review, we attempt to give an overview of recent progresses on IB method for multiphase transport phenomena. Firstly, the governing equations, the basic ideas, and different boundary conditions for the IB methods are introduced. This is followed by numerical strategies, from which the IB methods are classified into two types, namely the artificial boundary method and the authentic boundary method. Discussions on the implementation of various boundary conditions at the interphase surface with momentum, heat, and mass transfer for different IB methods are then presented, together with a summary. Then, the state-of-the-art applications of IB methods to multiphase flows, including the isothermal flows, the heat transfer flows, and the mass transfer problems are outlined, with particular emphasis on the latter two topics. Finally, the conclusions and future challenges are identified.
Das Kind als autarke Persönlichkeit
Authors: Maiwald Kai-Olaf
Published: December 2020

Der Text versteht sich als Beitrag zu einer Soziologie der Erziehung und zur Gegenwartsdiagnose modernen Erziehungshandelns. Ausgehend von einem interaktionstheoretisch entwickelten Konzept von Erziehung, das eine konstitutive Machtasymmetrie zwischen Eltern und Kindern in den Vordergrund stellt, werden Befunde eines empirischen Forschungsprojekts vorgestellt. Exemplarische Analysen von Interviews mit Jugendlichen und ihren Eltern stellen einen spezifisch modernen Typus von Erziehungshandeln vor, der insbesondere durch eine latente Haltung des „Nicht-erziehen-Wollens“ gekennzeichnet ist. Weitere Merkmale sind eine ausbleibende Konfrontation der Kinder mit normativen Erwartungshaltungen, eine Nivellierung der Generationendifferenz sowie eine kontrafaktische Autonomieunterstellung. Insgesamt erscheint in dieser Haltung das Kind als eine immer schon fertige und erzieherisch nicht zu beeinflussende Person, als eine „autarke Persönlichkeit“. Die Folgen dieses Erziehungshandelns für das familiale Gefüge sowie für das Selbstverhältnis der in diesem sozialisatorischen Milieu aufgewachsenen Jugendlichen werden diskutiert.
Grundfragen zur Einrichtung unternehmenseigener Hinweisgebersysteme: Der Forschungsstand zu deren Funktionen und Funktionalität
Authors: Kölbel Ralf , Herold Nico
Published: December 2020

Unternehmenseigene Whistleblowing-Systeme gelten zunehmend als (Kern-)Bestandteil von Compliance-Management-Systemen und sind daher weit verbreitet. Sie sollen unternehmensseitig das Risikomanagement verbessern. Kontrollpolitisch gelten sie als Instrument der regulierten Selbstregulierung. Das zeigt sich insbesondere auch in den jüngsten legislativen Entwicklungen auf EU-Ebene, da die „Richtlinie 2019/1937 zum Schutz von Personen, die Verstöße gegen das Unionsrecht melden“ nunmehr die Einführung solcher Systeme für viele Unternehmen vorschreibt. In der Bundesrepublik ist die gesellschaftsrechtliche Einrichtungsverpflichtung bis zur nationalgesetzlichen Umsetzung der Richtlinie aber noch streitig. Sie hängt maßgeblich davon ab, ob interne Whistleblowing-Systeme die ihnen zugeschrieben Funktionen auch tatsächlich erfüllen. Diese Frage, die auch nach einem Umsetzungsgesetz im Rahmen eines absehbaren Ausgestaltungsermessens relevant bleiben wird, ist allein empirisch beantwortbar. Daher liefert dieser Beitrag den ersten umfassenden Review der dahingehenden Datenlage und ordnet das Ergebnis gesellschaftsrechtlich ein.
Die kollisionsrechtliche Behandlung von Treuhandbeteiligungen
Authors: Sophia Schwemmer Anja
Published: December 2020

In seinem Urteil vom 3. Oktober 2019 (Rs. C-272/18 – VKI./.TVP) hatte der EuGH sich mit der bislang kaum diskutierten, aber praktisch relevanten Frage zu beschäftigen, welches Recht auf Treuhandbeteiligungen anzuwenden ist. Die entscheidende Weichenstellung war dabei die Frage der kollisionsrechtlichen Qualifikation. Neben der Einordnung als Schuldvertrag kam aufgrund der Gleichstellung der Treugeber als sog. „Quasi-Gesellschafter“ mit den Direktkommanditisten eine Zuordnung zum Gesellschaftsstatut in Betracht. Der EuGH nahm jedoch in seinem Urteil nicht den gesamten Treuhandvertrag in den Blick, sondern beschäftigte sich nur mit einem Teil der darin enthaltenen Regelungen, die er schuldrechtlich qualifizierte. Das anwendbare Recht richte sich insoweit nach den Regelungen der Rom I-Verordnung. Ferner entschied der EuGH, dass bei einem Vertrieb an Verbraucher die Sonderanknüpfung des Art. 6 Rom I-VO zur Anwendung kommt. Für Verbraucherverträge hatte der EuGH bereits zuvor entschieden, dass Rechtswahlklauseln, die nicht über ihre beschränkte Wirkung im Sinne des Art. 6 Abs. 2 Rom I-VO aufklären, missbräuchlich und daher nichtig sind. Danach kommt im Ergebnis das Aufenthaltsrecht des Verbrauchers zur Anwendung. Die nachfolgende Besprechung analysiert das Urteil unter Berücksichtigung der Rechtsfigur des Quasi-Gesellschafters und zeigt dabei die dogmatischen Schwächen in der Argumentation des EuGH aus kollisionsrechtlicher Sicht sowie die zentralen Fragen auf, die der Gerichtshof offen gelassen hat. Schließlich werden die Konsequenzen beleuchtet, die sich aus einem möglichen Auseinanderfallen von Gesellschaftsstatut und Treuhandvertragsstatut ergeben.
Phase stability analysis of shocked ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by X-ray and Raman scattering studies
Authors: Aswathappa Sivakumar , Saranraj Arumugam , Dhas Sathiyadhas Sahaya Jude , Showrilu Kondaviti , Britto Dhas Sathiyadhas Amalapushpam Martin
Published: December 2020

Impact of shock waves on non-linear optical materials bring about a lot of unknown behaviors of materials and such kinds of shock wave recovery experiments are highly required for the better understanding of material-property relationship. In the present context, we have performed experiments on the impact of structural properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) samples under shock wave loaded conditions and the results of the test samples have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) technique. Interestingly, prismatic face of ADP shows loss of degree of crystallinity whereas pyramidal face shows enhancement of crystalline nature with respect to number of shock pulses due to shock wave induced dynamic re-crystallization. Hence, the present problem is worthy enough to unearth and understand the anisotropic nature of the ADP crystal and their structural modifications at shock wave loaded conditions.
“Tko će, ako ne mi sami?”
Authors: Halužan Tanja
Published: December 2020

Rad nudi uvid u istraživanje nezavisnih glazbenih praksi u kontekstu društvenih zajednica promatranih kroz teorijsko-interpretativni okvir scene. S naglaskom usmjerenim lokalnoj interpretaciji stvaranja, izvedbe i potrošnje kantautorske glazbe, razmatra jednu od tvorbenih konvencija ugrađenih u suvremenu kantautorsku scenu u Zagrebu: svestranost glazbenika i preuzimanje inicijative primjenomdo-it-yourself(DIY) načela, poetika i estetika. Osim u samom stvaralačkom i izvođačkom procesu, moguće ih je detektirati i na polju promocije i izdavaštva, a upravo otisci njihove primjene nude mogućnost ocrtavanja skice razvoja suvremene kantautorske scene u Zagrebu. Pregledom kroz neke od formativnih DIY programa i projekata koji su poslužili kao platforma za promoviranje glazbenika te njihovo međusobno povezivanje, rad donosi primjere primjenjivosti DIY koncepata te propituje razloge opiranja kantautora ustaljenim obrascima stvaranja i potrošnje popularne glazbe, kao i pojedinim općim društvenim i ekonomskim uzusima.
Pedagoški odnos kao potencijal promjene u baletnom školovanju
Authors: Devald Roksandić Mihaela
Published: December 2020

U ovom radu baletno se školovanje promatra iz pedagogijske perspektive, odnosno biva sagledano kao odgojno-obrazovni proces čiju centralnu dimenziju čini pedagoški odnos između nastavnika i učenika. Analiziraju se opresivne pedagoške prakse, stavovi i vrijednosti koji se, unutar baletne obrazovne vertikale, tradicijski prenose “s koljena na koljeno”bez kritičkog propitivanja. Poseban je fokus na pravima djeteta i njihovu poštivanju u procesu odgoja i obrazovanja, uz analizu diskriminatornih obrazaca selekcije djece koji i danas egzistiraju u baletnim školama diljem svijeta. Tako se fokus pomiče s onog što je “važno za profesiju” na nužnost uvažavanja najboljeg interesa djeteta u procesu baletnog školovanja. U obradi teme primijenjena je autoetnografska metoda istraživanja, pri čemu su kao kvalitativni podaci korištena i različita osobna iskustva stečena kroz školovanje i plesačku te pedagošku karijeru. Temeljem tih iskustava i teorijskog istraživanja ovaj rad pokušava ponuditi rješenja za promjenu u procesu baletnog školovanja te ih pronalazi upravo u potencijalnom pedagogijskom doprinosu baletnoj pedagogiji. Mogućnost promjene kvalitete odnosa između nastavnika i učenika prezentirana je krozpedagoški odnoss obzirom na to da osvještavanje i artikulacija svih segmenata pedagoškog odnosa donose potencijal promjene koji je nužan u procesu baletnog školovanja. Zahtjevom za pedagogičnim artikuliranjem pedagoškog odnosa, kao temeljnog pedagoškog koncepta u baletnom školovanju, i dalje se uvažavaju zahtjevi koje pred dijete postavlja baletna umjetnost, ali se istovremeno afirmiraju prava i najbolji interes djeteta.