bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Addictive Disorders: A Discriminant Analysis on 374 Addicted and 513 Nonpsychiatric Participants
Authors: Corcos Maurice , Speranza Mario , Stephan Philippe , Lang François , Venisse Jean Luc , Loas Gwenolé , Perez-Diaz Fernando , Verrier Annie , Nezelof Sylvie , Bizouard Paul , Jeammet Philippe
Published: September 2008

Many common risk factors have been described in addictive disorders. Little is known about factors' respective contributions to discrimination of addicted and nonaddicted participants. Two large samples were compared including 513 nonpsychiatric participants and 374 addicted participants meeting the DSM–IV criteria for eating disorders, alcohol, or substance dependence. Twenty-six risk factors were assessed by interview or self-rating scales. A discriminant analysis determined the respective weight of each risk factor. One discriminant function emerged and characterized a depressive dimension. The results suggest that the different risk factors described in addiction could be related to a depressive dimension.
Emotional Fluctuations in Bob Dylan's Lyrics Measured by the Dictionary of Affect Accompany Events and Phases in his Life
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: September 2008

Lyrics for Bob Dylan's songs between 1962 and 2001 (close to 100,000 words) were scored with the help of the Dictionary of Affect in Language (Whissell, 2006). Means for Pleasantness, Activation, and Imagery are reported for 22 Blocks characterizing this time span. Significant but weak differences across Blocks were found for all three measures at the level of individual words. Emotional fluctuations in words included in Bob Dylan's lyrics accompanied events and phases in his life, although they were not entirely dictated by these events. Dylan used more highly Imaged and more Active words at times when his work was critically acclaimed. More Passive word choices characterized times of prolonged stress, and more Pleasant choices times of experimentation. Dylan's three popularity peaks were used to divide the singer's career into three stages (rhetor, poet, sage) which differed in terms of pronouns used.
Dreams as Modifiers and Tests of Mental Schemas: An Emotional Selection Hypothesis
Authors: Coutts Richard
Published: September 2008

A process is proposed that helps a person adapt to a social environment. During sleep, this process executes a set of dreams with social content that schemas tentatively incorporate by self-modifying. Due to vast interConnectivity that exists amongst social schemas, such modifications may introduce accidental, maladaptive conflicts. Consequently, a second set of dreams is executed in the form of test scenarios in order to evaluate the schema modifications effected by the first set of dreams. The process would monitor emotions generated during these latter dream tests. If prior, tentative modifications alleviate anxiety, frustration, sadness, or in other ways appear emotionally adaptive, they would be selected for retention. Those modifications that compare negatively to existing, unchanged schemas would be abandoned or further modified and tested. The correspondences of these hypotheses to the sleep cycle, previous dream studies, and functional neurological processes are discussed.
Resampling Probability Values for Weighted Kappa with Multiple Raters
Authors: Mielke Paul W. , Berry Kenneth J. , Johnston Janis E.
Published: September 2008

A new procedure to compute weighted kappa with multiple raters is described. A resampling procedure to compute approximate probability values for weighted kappa with multiple raters is presented. Applications of weighted kappa are illustrated with an example analysis of classifications by three independent raters.
Road Capacity and Performance Implications of Ramp Closure Toronto, Canada, Experience
Authors: Foo Simon , Hall Fred L.
Published: September 2008

To alleviate traffic congestion and safety concerns on the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the City of Toronto has elected to implement scheduled closures for the two on-ramps since early 1970s. This study investigates the traffic impacts of the daily on-ramp closures at Gardiner Expressway and Jameson Avenue. The average changes to traffic flow variables such as traffic volume throughput due to the ramp closures are computed quantitatively. Results show that ramp closure has resulted in smoother traffic flow and higher travel speed but not higher traffic throughput on the expressway. Ramp reopening causes a spike in speed variations as measured by upstream detectors. The network performance metrics (vehicle hours traveled, vehicle kilometers traveled, delay, and travel time) are computed and analyzed to determine the performance benefits of the ramp closures. The travel time saving in the area due to the ramp closure is estimated to be 225 vehicle-hours per day.
Overview of Traffic Signal Operation Policies for Ramp Metering
Authors: Papageorgiou Markos , Papamichail Ioannis
Published: September 2008

A ramp metering control algorithm includes typically two distinct components: the (most important) control strategy, which makes real-time decisions on the ramp exit flow to be implemented, and the translation of this decision into specific traffic light settings according to the applied metering policy. This study focuses on the second component, providing an overview of practiced metering policies (one car per green, n cars per green, full cycle, and discrete release rates) along with a discussion of their advantages and shortcomings. Further related issues, such as traffic signals, multiple metering lanes, bypass lanes, check-in and check-out detectors, integration of both control components, and on–off switching logic, are also addressed.
Predicting Impacts of Intelligent Transportation Systems on Freeway Queue Discharge Flow Variability
Authors: Dowling Richard , Skabardonis Alexander , Reinke David
Published: September 2008

This study focuses on the problem of measuring the queue discharge flow rates for a nonbottleneck freeway section and on developing an approach for estimating the impacts of intelligent transportation system (ITS) measures on the mean and variance of the queue discharge flow rate. The whole-year mean and variance of the queue discharge flow rates for the subject section of freeway are computed on the basis of measured 5-min congested flow rates over the course of a year. The flow data are categorized into congested and uncongested flows on the basis of a speed threshold that separates congested flow conditions from uncongested conditions. The speed threshold is determined by plotting the change in speed between observations and identifying the speed at which speed is most unstable. The mean and variance of queue discharge flow rates for incident conditions are then computed by identifying when incidents were present on the freeway over the course of a year, identifying the corresponding flow rates in the study section for those periods, and segregating the observed flow rates for incidents into congested and uncongested flows by using the same speed threshold as before. Once the means and variances of the queue discharge flow rates have been obtained for the whole year and for incident conditions during the year, the variance decomposition formula is used to compute the mean and variance of queue discharge flow rates for nonincident conditions during the year. A methodology is then proposed and demonstrated for computing the impact of ITS measures (such as faster incident detection or improved congested flow rates during incidents) on the observed portion of the total variance that is attributable to incidents susceptible to amelioration with ITS measures. This same approach can also be used to compute the effectiveness of measures to reduce other causes of nonrecurrent congestion.
Methodologies for Estimating Vehicle Queue Length at Metered On-Ramps
Authors: Wu Jingcheng , Jin Xia , Horowitz Alan J.
Published: September 2008

The ability to monitor vehicle queue length accurately at metered on-ramps can improve ramp meter performance and help to create improved ramp metering algorithms. The queue length distribution can be considered as a continuous analog signal, which consists of both deterministic and stochastic components. Three types of methods for the estimation of on-ramp queue length are discussed: Kalman filter, linear occupancy, and Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) back of queue. Queue data estimated with these methods are compared with field-observed queue data and random number samples. The comparisons indicate that the Kalman filter and linear occupancy methods are usable for real-world operations, but both of them have limitations. The HCM back-of-queue method does not produce reliable estimates for on-ramp queue length.
Estimating Time-Dependent Freeway Origin–Destination Demands with Different Data Coverage
Authors: Zhang H. M. , Nie Yu (Marco) , Qian Zhen
Published: September 2008

To obtain more credible estimates of time-dependent travel demand, various data sources should be exploited jointly to improve the observability of origin–destination (O-D) trip tables. A comprehensive case study uses a real freeway network to reveal how different data coverage affects the quality of estimated O-D tables. The dynamic O-D estimation problem is formulated as a variational inequality (VI) problem that provides a flexible framework to incorporate different data sources and to encapsulate realistic traffic flow dynamics. Traffic surveillance data considered include traffic counts from vehicle detectors, historical O-D tables (static or dynamic), and travel time measurements on subpaths. A novel method is employed to evaluate marginal path travel times, which is a key procedure to properly incorporate travel time measurements into the VI formulation. Numerical experiments generate a number of guidelines to the proper selection of data coverage for obtaining improved O-D estimates.
Comparative Study of Different Compost from Different Sources
Authors: Iqbal M Khalid , Shfiq Tahira , Nadeem Amana , Ahmed Khurshed
Published: September 2008

Municipal solid waste compost is an organic soil additive that can be used in agricultural production, improving soil physical properties, increasing both water retention and supply of essential nutrients. In this study three different types compost were studied. One produce by Lahore City Government second from Patoki compost and third from PCSIR Labs Lahore. These were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O by using AOAC method. Average moisture, pH, carbon were highest in Patoki compost while organic matter was lowest (27%) in Paktoki and highest (56%) in PCSIR sample. Potassium was maximum in Lahore City Government and Patoki compost, minimum in PCSIR samples. The C/N ratio in all compost samples suggest that compost were stable and mature. The concentrations of Pb and Zn were also studied.Key words: Compost, Organic matter, Carbon nitrogen ratio, Nutrients.DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1145Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 301-308, 2008
Formulation and Evaluation of Release Kinetics of Diltiazem Hydrochloride from Kollicoat SR 30 D Coated Pellets Prepared by Air Suspension Technique
Authors: Akhter Afsana , Roni Monzurul Amin , Absar Mohammad Shahriarul , Kibria Golam , Jalil Reza-ul
Published: September 2008

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of polyvinyl acetate on the release kinetics of diltiazem hydrochloride from coated pellets prepared by solution and suspension layering technique. Kollicoat SR 30 D, an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate with different weight ratios was chosen to sustain the release of the drug. Drug was loaded with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose on nonpareil seeds then coated with the Kollicoat SR 30 D. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out using USP dissolution apparatus Type-2. No significant difference was found in drug release from uncoated pellets and the pellets coated with 5% polymer load. With 10% polymer load, the initial release was minimized but from 2nd hour the release was quick-tempered. Better sustaining effect was found from 15- 20% polymer loaded pellets. The mean dissolution time was 2.5h and 4h while the polymer load was 15% and 20% respectively. Also these two cases 80% drug was released at 6h and 9h respectively. The physical parameters of the prepared pellets were also compared in this study. The release of drug from the coated pellets appeared to follow Higuchi's release kinetics.Key words: Diltiazem, Pellets, Kollicoat SR 30 D, Aqueous coating, Physical parameters, Release kinetics.DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1147Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 321-332, 2008
In Vitro Regeneration of Vitex negundo L., a Woody Valuable Medicinal Plant through High Frequency Axillary Shoot Proliferation
Authors: Afroz Farhana , Hassan AKM Sayeed , Bari Laila Shamroze , Sultana Rebeka , Munshi John Liton , Jahan Miskat Ara Akhter , Khatun Rahima
Published: September 2008

An efficient protocol was established for rapid and large scale propagation of woody aromatic medicinal plant Vitex negundo L. by in vitro shoot multiplication from shoot tips and nodal segments of mature plant. Of the four different growth regulators BA, Kn, GA3, NAA and coconut water, MS fortified with BA 1.0 mg/l was found to be the most effective for inducing multiple shoots from nodal explants. The percentage (96%) of shoot multiplication per node (21.83) was highest up to second subculture passages, after which there was a gradual decline in shoot development. Best rooting was induced (93%) in excised shoots on half strength MS medium supplemented with an optimal combination of NAA (0.3 mg/l). Soil, compost and sand (1:1:1) mixture was the most suitable planting substrate for hardening. The survival rate was 80% and the regenerated plants were successfully transferred to the soil.Key words: Vitex negundo, Medicinal plant, Shoot proliferation, Micropropagation, RegenerationDOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1149Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 345-352, 2008
Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) as Influenced by Phosphorus
Authors: Morshed RM , Rahman MM , Rahman MA
Published: September 2008

The experiment was conducted to find out the influence of phosphorus (P) on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L., variety: G-2). The treatments were: control (P1) and with the application of 50% (P2), 75 % (P3), 100 % (P4), 125 % (P5) and 150 % (P6) of the BARC recommended dose of P. Nitrogen, K and S were applied as blanket as per BARC recommendation. Seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium inoculum before sowing. All the treatments of P application showed higher growth than that of the control. P5 treatment (11.25 kg P ha-1) showed maximum growth and yield, which was 84.73% higher than that of control. The yield changed as a parabola curve with the increase of P application. The yield component, namely number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod weight plant-1 and number of seed plant-1 increased with the increase of P levels up to 11.25 kg P ha-1. The application of P at 11.25 kg ha-1 (25% higher over BARC recommendation) produced the highest seed yield of soybean (7.50 g plant-1). So, for better yield of soybean in silty clay loam soil of Jahangirnagar University farm, application of P should be increased 25 % higher over BARC recommendation.Key words: Soybean, Phosphorus, Growth, YieldDOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1151Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 359-368, 2008
Isolation, Characterization of Neurospora crassa Mutants Exhibiting Growth Inhibition and Mutagenesis of this Fungus by the Leaf Extracts of Leucas aspera (Willd) Link
Authors: Bhuiyan M Nazrul Islam , Mozmader TIMA , Hoque M Amirul , Akter Sumi , Mahmud Jahedul Islam
Published: September 2008

Ten Neurospora crassa mutants obtained by chemical mutagenesis were screened in Leucas aspera (willd) Link. (Bengali name- swetadrone) plants. The aqueous extracts of the leaves of L. aspera showed significant inhibition of growth and mutagenic effect on N. crassa. Results showed that 1 ml extract reacted with the test organism of N. crassa very rapidly. During the period of 24 hours, it produced only 2.6 cm linear vegetative growth of the mycelia. Whereas, 1 ml and 0.50 ml extracts exhibited mild reactions (3.20 and 3.90 cm. respectively). The linear growth decreased with the increase of the concentrations of extracts. Conidia of Ema (5297) of N. crassa were treated for 3-4 hours in 100% concentration of the extracts. 100% extracts produced ten types of mutants, namely- dirty, vigorus, ropy, albino, mat, plug, check, fluppy, cauliflower and conidial brand. Key words: Neurospora crassa, Leucas aspera, Mutants, Dirty, Vigorous, Cauliflower and Conidial brand. Â DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1155Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 387-396, 2008
Physico-Chemical Parameters in Relation to Meteorological and Climatic Conditions in a Fish Pond
Authors: Nargis A , Pramanik SH
Published: September 2008

Fluctuations of important physico-chemical parameters of a pond were investigated. Different pairs of variables had different relationships with each other by the relevant coefficients of correlation. The pH value was 7.0-7.8 and inversely related to dissolved oxygen. It is highly significant with free CO2 and CO3. Dissolved oxygen content is highly significant with water temperature, inverse relationship with free CO2, CO3 but no relationship with HCO3. The carbonate content was 9.8-12.5 ppm. The results showed significant influence of major components on the productivity of fishes in a pond.Key words : Fish, Pond ecology, Dissolved oxygen, Meteorological properties.DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1157Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 405-410, 2008Â
Monitoring and Evalution of Chickpea Pod-Borer Helicoverpa Armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Using Pheromone Traps
Authors: Hossain M Altab
Published: September 2008

Monitoring of chickpea pod-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.) and its acvities throughtout the year was studied by installing pheromone traps at Pulses Research Center, Ishurdi, Pabna during January 2004 to December 2006. Pod-borer moth catching in pheromone traps was started between 3rd weeks of January to 2nd weeks of February depending on the climatic conditions of the year. Catching of moths was increased gradually and reached its pesk in the month of April then gradually decreased and diminished to zero in the last week of July and ultimately remained zero upto December. Integrated Pest Management Programme against chickpea podborer should be initiated from mid-January to manage this pest population very effectively. Key words : Monitoring, Chickpea, Pest Management, Pod-borer and Catching of moths.DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1159Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 419-426, 2008
The Effect of Amount on Release of NH4 and NO3-N in the Soil at two Harvests of Nitrogen through five BGA Species and N-fertilizers in Rice Growing Plant
Authors: Didar-ul-Alam M
Published: September 2008

Among all treatments pots without growing rice plants containing N. muscorum showed the highest amount of mineral-N and P. boryanum was the lowest. On the contrary, treatments with rice plants containing all BGA species the amounts of NH4-N and NO3-N remaining were more or less equal to the fertilizers treatments. Among BGA species and fertilizers the highest amount of NH4-N and NO3-N were found at the 90 mg N pot-1 with urea and ammonium sulphate and A. doliolum gave the highest amount in comparison to other four species.Key words: Mineral-N, Nitrification, Denitrificatoin, Bluegreen algae, Rice yield.DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1160Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 427-432, 2008
Mutation analysis of B3GALTL in Peters Plus syndrome
Authors: Reis Linda M. , Tyler Rebecca C. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar , Trapane Pamela , Wallerstein Robert , Broome Diane , Hoffman Jodi , Khan Aneal , Paradiso Christina , Ron Nitin , Bergner Amanda , Semina Elena V.
Published: September 2008

Peters Plus syndrome comprises ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (most commonly Peters anomaly), short stature, hand anomalies, distinctive facial features, and often other additional defects and is inherited in an autosomal‐recessive pattern. Mutations in the β1,3‐glucosyltransferase gene (B3GALTL) were recently reported in 20 out of 20 patients with Peters Plus syndrome. In our study, B3GALTL was examined in four patients with typical Peters Plus syndrome and four patients that demonstrated a phenotypic overlap with this condition. Mutations in B3GALTL were identified in all four patients with typical Peters Plus syndrome, while no mutations were found in the remaining four patients that demonstrated some but not all characteristic features of the syndrome. The previously reported common mutation, c.660 + 1G > A, accounted for 75% of the mutant alleles in our Peters Plus syndrome population. In addition, two new mutant alleles, c.459 + 1G > A and c.230insT, were identified and predicted to result in truncated protein products. These data confirm an important role for B3GALTL in causing typical Peters Plus syndrome, and suggest that this gene may not be implicated in syndromic cases that involve Peters anomaly but lack other classic features of this complex condition. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two cases of mosaicism for complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRM) associated with secondary infertility
Authors: Lebbar Aziza , Callier Patrick , Baverel Françoise , Marle Nathalie , Patrat Catherine , Le Tessier Dominique , Mugneret Francine , Dupont Jean‐Michel
Published: September 2008

Structural chromosomal abnormalities can be associated with infertility through meiosis impairment or the formation of unbalanced gametes. Among these structural abnormalities, complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) relate to situations with more than two breakpoints and/or more than two chromosomes involved. Mosaic balanced chromosomal rearrangements are very rare events usually ascertained through infertility, recurrent miscarriages or liveborn abnormal children. Mosaicism for complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRM) has never been described to date. Here we report on two patients with secondary infertility whose karyotype revealed mosaic partially cryptic CCRs, revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To our knowledge, this is the first report of mosaicism for complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRM). We discuss the importance of molecular cytogenetic characterization of structural rearrangements to assist in genetic counseling related to the possible use of assisted reproductive technology. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital vascular malformations: A series of five prenatally diagnosed cases
Authors: Connell Fiona , Homfray Tessa , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Bhide Amarnath , Jeffrey Iona , Hutt Renata , Mortimer Peter , Mansour Sahar
Published: September 2008

In the literature there are single case reports of mediastinal/chest and limb combined vascular malformations (previously labeled “hemangiolymphangiomas”). A variable outcome in such prenatally diagnosed cases is reported. Presented here is the only series of patients reported with these macrocystic, predominantly lymphatic malformations. Prenatal ultrasound scan and post‐mortem examination findings are described. In our experience the outcome has been poor and this highlights the dilemma faced by clinicians and parents when these lesions are diagnosed prenatally. We present a series of five, prenatally diagnosed vascular (combined vascular malformations and simple localized lymphatic malformations) malformations. Three cases had lower leg involvement with extension into the abdomen and two cases had lymphatic malformations of the chest wall with involvement of the upper limb(s). Management of a twin pregnancy, in which one twin was affected, is described. In two cases, termination of pregnancy was undertaken because of the extensive nature of the lesion. One case died in utero and one in the neonatal period. The fifth case is an 11‐year‐old boy, whose lower limb deformity illustrates the considerable morbidity associated with this condition. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two new patients with Curry–Jones syndrome with trichoblastoma and medulloblastoma suggest an etiologic role of the sonic hedgehog‐patched‐GLI pathway
Authors: Grange Dorothy K. , Clericuzio Carol L. , Bayliss Susan J. , Berk David R. , Heideman Richard L. , Higginson Julie K. , Julian Stephanie , Lind Anne
Published: September 2008

Curry–Jones syndrome (OMIM #601707) is a rare multiple malformation disorder of unknown etiology, associated with brain and skull abnormalities, polysyndactyly, and defects of the eyes, skin and gastrointestinal tract. We report on two new cases of Curry–Jones syndrome with previously unreported features, including benign and malignant neoplasms. The first patient had typical features of Curry–Jones syndrome as well as multiple intra‐abdominal smooth muscle hamartomas and trichoblastoma of the skin. The second patient was born with occipital meningoceles and developed a desmoplastic medulloblastoma. Routine lymphocyte karyotype, GLI3 gene analysis and Patched (PTCH) gene analysis on both patients and chromosome microarray analysis on the first patient were normal. We review the previously reported cases of Curry–Jones syndrome and compare our patients' findings. In view of the association of trichoblastoma with basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic medulloblastoma with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) and PTCH mutations, we hypothesize that Curry–Jones syndrome is caused by malfunction of an element in the sonic hedgehog pathway. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction of a high resolution linkage disequilibrium map to evaluate common genetic variation inTP53and neural tube defect risk in an Irish population
Authors: Pangilinan Faith , Geiler Kerry , Dolle Jessica , Troendle James , Swanson Deborah A. , Molloy Anne M. , Sutton Marie , Conley Mary , Kirke Peadar N. , Scott John M. , Mills James L. , Brody Lawrence C.
Published: September 2008

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of neural tube defects (NTDs). While periconceptional folic acid supplementation is known to significantly reduce the risk of NTDs, folate metabolic pathway related factors do not account for all NTDs. Evidence from mouse models indicates that the tumor protein p53 (TP53) is involved in implantation and normal neural tube development. To determine whether genetic variation inTP53might contribute to NTD risk in humans, we constructed a high resolution linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of theTP53genomic region based on genotyping 21 markers in an Irish population. We found that nine of these variants can be used to capture the majority of common variation in theTP53genomic region. In contrast, the 3‐marker haplotype commonly reported in theTP53literature offers limited coverage of the variation in the gene. We used the expanded set of polymorphisms to measure the influence ofTP53on NTDs using both case–control and family based tests of association. We also assayed a functional variant in the p53 regulatorMDM2(rs2279744). Alleles of three noncodingTP53markers were associated with NTD risk. A case effect was seen with the GG genotype of rs1625895 in intron 6 (OR = 1.37 [1.04–1.79],P = 0.02). A maternal effect was seen with the 135/135 genotype of the intron 1 VNTR (OR = 1.86 [1.16–2.96],P = 0.01) and the TT genotype of rs1614984 (RR = 0.58 [0.37–0.91],P = 0.02). As multiple comparisons were made, these cannot be considered definitive positive findings and additional investigation is required. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capillary malformation of the lower lip, lymphatic malformation of the face and neck, asymmetry and partial/generalized overgrowth (CLAPO): Report of six cases of a new syndrome/association
Authors: López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , Lapunzina Pablo
Published: September 2008

We report on six patients with clinical findings consisting of (1) Capillary malformation (CM) of the lower lip; (2) Lymphatic malformation (LM) of the face/neck; (3) Asymmetry of face and limbs, and (4) Partial/ generalized Overgrowth. This constellation of findings has been observed in six unrelated patients, constituting a likely “new” syndrome/association of capillary‐lymphatic‐venous malformation and asymmetric overgrowth. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palladium‐ und Gold‐Palladium‐Katalysatoren für die Direktsynthese von Wasserstoffperoxid
Authors: Edwards Jennifer K. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: September 2008

Wasserstoffperoxid wird heutzutage durch einen indirekten Prozess produziert, der auf der sequenziellen Hydrierung und Oxidation eines Alkylanthrachinons beruht. Auf diese Weise werden der Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff während des Produktionsprozesses voneinander getrennt gehalten. Ein Prozess, in dem molekularer Sauerstoff direkt hydriert wird, könnte Vorteile bringen, sofern man die sequenzielle Hydrierung kontrollieren kann und hohe Umsatzgeschwindigkeiten bei gleichzeitig sicheren und explosionsfreien Bedingungen erzielt werden. In diesem Kurzaufsatz beschreiben wir jüngste Fortschritte bei der Direktsynthese von Wasserstoffperoxid an trägerfixierten Palladium‐ und Gold‐Palladium‐Katalysatoren und analysieren einige der Probleme, die es noch zu überwinden gilt.
Hydrodynamics characterization of a counter‐current spray column for particulate scrubbing from flue gases
Authors: Biswas S. , Rajmohan B. , Meikap B. C.
Published: September 2008

Growing environmental concern and tightening of the regulations for particulate emission from various sources force us to think of an alternative technology for their control, which is cost effective and of high performance. A spray column using a wet process to control the particulates offers design simplicity, and has various other advantages over other conventional equipment used in industry. This work presents the hydrodynamic study of the spray column for the removal of particulates from gaseous wastes. Experiments were carried out to quantify pressure drop (ΔP), for varied gas and liquid rates ranging from 3.084 × 10−3 to 5.584 × 10−3 Nm3/s and 8.35 × 10−6 to 33.34 × 10−6 m3/s, respectively with QL/QG ratio ranging from 1.59 to 10.81 m3 per 1000 ACM (actual cubic meter). The maximum pressure drop incurred in the column is 327 N/m3, which is at a gas rate of 5.584 × 10−3 Nm3/s, liquid rate of 33.34 × 10−6 m3/s, and an inlet solid loading range of 0–2.5 kg/m3. This is quite low compared to other wet process‐based equipment, thus making it a low power loss scrubber. These results have further demonstrated the impact of solid dust (particulates) on the pressuredrop‐hydrodynamics. A correlation was put forward for prediction of the overall pressure drop in the column. The experimental values agreed well with the predicted values, with minimum percentage error and standard deviation. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The in vitro Characterization of Polyene Glycosyltransferases AmphDI and NysDI
Authors: Zhang Changsheng , Moretti Rocco , Jiang Jiqing , Thorson Jon S.
Published: September 2008

The overproduction, purification, and in vitro characterization of the polyene glycosyltransferases (GTs) AmphDI and NysDI are reported. A novel nucleotidyltransferase mutant (RmlA Q83D) for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of unnatural GDP–sugar donors in conjunction with polyene GT‐catalyzed sugar exchange/reverse reactions allowed the donor and acceptor specificities of these novel enzymes to be probed. The evaluation of polyene GT aglycon and GDP–sugar donor specificity revealed some tolerance to aglycon structural diversity, but stringent sugar specificity, and culminated in new polyene analogues in which L‐gulose or D‐mannose replace the native sugar D‐mycosamine.
Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis Systems and their Crosstalk
Authors: Xu Xiang Ming , Møller Simon G.
Published: September 2008

The biogenesis of iron–sulfur clusters ([FeS]) plays a very important role in many essential functions of life. Several [FeS] biogenesis systems have been discovered, such as the NIF (nitrogen fixation), SUF (mobilisation of sulfur) and ISC (iron–sulfur cluster) systems in bacteria, and the ISC‐like and CIA (cytosolic iron–sulfur protein assembly) systems in yeast. Experimental evidence has revealed that SUF and ISC in bacteria communicate with each other partly through IscR to coordinate the utilisation of iron and cysteine. The ISC‐like system in yeast is localised to the mitochondria, while the ISC‐dependent CIA system is localised to the cytosol; this suggests a possible role for the ISC mitochondrial export machinery in mediating crosstalk between the two systems. Based on genetic analysis, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains three [FeS] biogenesis systems similar to SUF, ISC and CIA named AtSUF, AtISC and AtCIA. Possible communication between these three systems has been proposed.
Single or multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Varani Elisabetta , Balducelli Marco , Aquilina Matteo , Vecchi Giuseppe , Hussien Mohamed Naseem , Frassineti Valeria , Maresta Aleardo
Published: September 2008

Objectives: To evaluate clinical results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with multivessel disease (MVD), in relation to single or multivessel (MV)‐PCI and to patients with single vessel disease (SVD). Methods: Patients treated with PCI in the setting of <24 hr STEMI in the years 2004–2007 were considered. Results: Seven hundred forty‐five primary PCI, 346 (46%) in patients with SVD and 399 (54%) in patients with MVD were performed. Among MVD patients, 156 (39%) had infarct related artery (IRA)‐only treatment and 243 had MV‐PCI: 147 (37%) in a single session, 48 (12%) within 24 hr, and 48 (12%) predischarge. Revascularization was complete in 46% of MVD patients. At a median follow‐up of 597 days, mortality was 6.3% in SVD and 12% in MVD (P = 0.007), new revascularization 2.9% and 9%, respectively (P < 0.001). Thirty‐day mortality was 2.4% in SVD and 6.7% in MVD (P = 0.006). After exclusion of patients with cardiogenic shock or pulmonary oedema, more frequent in the MV‐PCI in single session group (P = 0.006), 30‐day mortality was SVD 1.3%, IRA‐only 6.3%, MV‐PCI 2.8% (P = 0.023), without differences if in a single (3.3%) or in staged session (2.2%). By multivariate analysis, female sex, anterior STEMI, cardiogenic shock, MVD, and procedural failure were independent predictors of 30‐day mortality. Conclusions: STEMI patients with MVD have a worse prognosis than those with SVD. MV‐PCI in patients without hemodynamic compromise yields good short‐term results, even if performed very early, with a 30‐day mortality in between that of SVD patients and that of MVD patients with IRA‐only treatment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of ostial lesions using the Szabo technique: A case series
Authors: Applegate Robert J. , Davis Jonathan M. , Leonard Joshua C.
Published: September 2008

We present a series of 13 cases of stent treatment of a variety of ostial lesions including aortoostial, subclavian‐internal mammary artery, and coronary artery bifurcation disease using the double‐wire Szabo technique. We discuss relevant technical issues using this technique as well as potential advantages and disadvantages. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution and determinants of myocardial perfusion grade following late mechanical recanalization of occluded infarct‐related arteries postmyocardial infarction: A report from the occluded artery trial
Authors: Jorapur Vinod , Steigen Terje K. , Buller Christopher E. , Dẑavík Vladimír , Webb John G. , Strauss Bradley H. , Yeoh Eunice E.S. , Kurray Peter , Sokalski Leszek , Machado Mauricio C. , Kronsberg Shari S. , Lamas Gervasio A. , Hochman Judith S. , Mancini G.B. John
Published: September 2008

Objective: To evaluate the distribution and determinants of myocardial perfusion grade (MPG) following late recanalization of persistently occluded infarct‐related arteries (IRA). Background: MPG reflects microvascular integrity. It is an independent prognostic factor following myocardial infarction, but has been studied mainly in the setting of early reperfusion. The occluded artery trial (OAT) enrolled stable patients with persistently occluded IRAs beyond 24 hr and up to 28 days post‐MI. Methods: Myocardial blush was assessed using TIMI MPG grading in 261 patients with TIMI 3 epicardial flow following IRA PCI. Patients demonstrating impaired (0–1) versus preserved (2–3) MPG were compared with regard to baseline clinical and pre‐PCI angiographic characteristics. Results: Impaired MPG was observed in 60 of 261 patients (23%). By univariate analysis, impaired MPG was associated with failed fibrinolytic therapy, higher heart rate, lower systolic blood pressure, lower ejection fraction, LAD occlusion, absence of collaterals (P < 0.01) and ST elevation MI, lower diastolic blood pressure, and higher systolic sphericity index (P < 0.05). By multivariable analysis, higher heart rate, LAD occlusion, absence of collaterals and higher systolic sphericity index (P < 0.01), and lower systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) were independently associated with impaired MPG. Conclusion: Preserved microvascular integrity was present in a high proportion of patients following late recanalization of occluded IRAs post‐MI. Presence of collaterals was independently associated with preserved MPG and likely accounted for the high frequency of preserved myocardial perfusion in this clinical setting. Impaired MPG was associated with baseline clinical and angiographic features consistent with larger infarct size. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceived family history risk and symptomatic diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Spain Pamela , Carpenter William R. , Talcott James A. , Clark Jack A. , Do Young Kyung , Hamilton Robert J. , Galanko Joseph A. , Jackman Anne , Godley Paul A.
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND.

Prostate cancer (PrCA) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among US men. African American (AA) men remain at significantly greater risk of PrCA diagnosis and mortality than other men. Many factors contribute to the experienced disparities.

METHODS.

Guided by the Health Belief Model, the authors surveyed a population of AA and Caucasian men newly diagnosed with PrCA to describe racial differences in perceived risk of PrCA and to examine whether 1) perceived high risk predicts greater personal responsibility for prostate care; and 2) greater personal responsibility for prostate care predicts earlier, presymptomatic diagnosis. Multivariate general linear modeling was performed.

RESULTS.

The authors found that men with a PrCA family history appreciated their increased risk, but AA men with a family history were less likely to appreciate their increased risk. Nevertheless, neither reporting a PrCA family history nor perceived increased risk significantly predicted screening and preventive behaviors. Furthermore, higher physician trust predicted increased likelihood to have regular prostate exams and screening, indicating that the racial differences in seeking prostate care may be mediated through physician trust. Expressed personal responsibility for screening and more frequent preventive behaviors were associated with more frequent screening diagnoses, fewer symptomatic diagnoses, and less frequent advanced cancers.

CONCLUSIONS.

Together, these results indicate that appreciating greater risk for PrCA is not sufficient to ensure that men will intend, or be able, to act. Increased trust in physicians may be a useful, central marker that efforts to reduce disparities in access to medical care are succeeding. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
A scheme for imposing constraints and improving conditioning of structural stiffness matrices
Authors: Martín F. , Benavent‐Climent A. , Gallego R.
Published: September 2008

This paper presents a scheme for incorporating kinematic constraints (rod constraint, diaphragm constraint) in beam‐type finite element models. The formulation employs minimization using Lagrange multipliers and does not require the arrangement of the coefficient matrix. Unlike the classical formulation—which imposes the constraints after assembling the global stiffness matrix of the structure—in the proposed scheme the constraints are applied twice: first to the stiffness matrix of the individual elements before assembly and then to the global stiffness matrix of the structure after assembly. As a result, the condition number of the coefficient matrix is remarkably reduced. The validity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through numerical examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Phenomenological Probe Model of Fast Ion Measurement Using a Hybrid Directional Probe
Authors: Nagaoka K. , Isobe M. , Osakabe M. , Watanabe K. Y. , Takeiri Y. , CHS experimental group
Published: September 2008

A phenomenological probe model was developed for quantitative fast‐ion‐measurement using a hybrid directional probe (HDP), which is a directional probe to measure ion current and heat flux at the same position. The secondary electrons due to fast‐ion‐injection onto the probe surface enhances the ion‐saturation‐current, thus a thermal probe method was required for quantitative measurement of fast ions. The model gives a simple expression of the secondary electron yield as a function of ion currents and heat fluxes measured by the HDP, and can determine the net fast‐ion‐current without the calibrations of the thermal probe method. The model was applied to the experimental results of fast‐ion‐measurements using a HDP in CHS, and the secondary electron yield obtained by the model agrees with the calibration results of the HDP. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Developmental biology of pterobranch hemichordates: History and perspectives
Authors: Sato Atsuko , Bishop John D.D. , Holland Peter W.H.
Published: September 2008

Hemichordates, like echinoderms and chordates, are deuterostomes, and study of their developmental biology could shed light on chordate origins. To date, molecular developmental studies in hemichordates have been confined to the enteropneusts or acorn worms. Here, we introduce the developmental biology of the other group of hemichordate, the pterobranchs. Pterobranchs generally live in cold, deep waters; this has hampered studies of this group. However, about 40 years ago, the colonial pterobranchs Rhabdopleura compacta and R. normani were discovered from shallow water, which has facilitated their study. Using Rhabdopleura compacta from south‐west England, we have initiated molecular developmental studies in pterobranchs. Here, we outline methods for collecting adults, larvae, and embryos and demonstrate culturing of larvae under laboratory conditions. Given that the larval and adult forms differ from enteropneusts, we suggest that molecular developmental studies of pterobranchs may offer new insights into chordate origins. genesis 46:587–591, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Two New Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes with N4O2 Coordination Spheres – Optimizing Preconditions for Cooperative Interactions
Authors: Weber Birgit , Kaps Eike S. , Desplanches Cedric , Létard Jean‐François , Achterhold Klaus , Parak Fritz G.
Published: September 2008

Two new spin‐crossover complexes, [FeL1(phpy)2] (1) and [FeL2(phpy)2](phpy) (2), with L1 and L2 being tetradentate N2O22–‐coordinating Schiff‐base‐like ligands {L1 = (E,E)‐[diethyl 2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3‐oxobutanoato)(2–)‐N,N′,O3,O3′], L2 = [(3,3′)‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(2,4‐pentanedionato)(2–)‐N,N′,O2,O2′]and phpy = 4‐phenylpyridine} have been investigated using temperature‐dependent susceptibility and photomagnetic measurements, as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray structure analysis. Compound 1 shows a cooperative spin transition with a thermal hysteresis loop approximately 4 K wide (T1/2↓ = 232 K and T1/2↑ = 236 K). The spin transition of 2 is gradual with T1/2 ≈ 290 K. Results from X‐ray structure analysis indicate that the cooperative interactions are due to elastic interactions with several intense C–C contacts in the case of 1. The change of the spin state at the iron centre is accompanied by a change of the O–Fe–O angle, the so‐called bite of the equatorial ligand, from 107° in the high‐spin state to 89° in the low‐spin state. Reflectivity measurements of 1 indicate that the Light‐Induced Excited Spin State Trapping (LIESST) effect occurs at the sample surface at low temperatures. In the bulk solid, photomagnetic properties with a photoexcitation level of 30 % and a T(LIESST) value of 41 K are observed using a SQUID magnetometer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
cis, trans – or Both: Steric Bulk Determines Coordination Mode of Dimeric Palladium Complexes with Bridging Pyridine‐Phosphane Ligands
Authors: Flapper Jitte , Wormald Philip , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Elsevier Cornelis J. , Kamer Paul C. J.
Published: September 2008

The coordination mode in a metal complex is critically dependent on the ligands surrounding the metal, on the precursors used, and on the conditions during synthesis. Our goal was to obtain palladium compounds with pyridine‐phosphane ligands for catalysis. Therefore, we synthesized ligands 1a–d, which differ in the bulky aryl substituent at the pyridyl moiety. The palladium complexes 6a–d of these ligands are insoluble and have been characterized by various techniques, including solid‐state NMR and (for 6a, b, and d) single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, showing that bimetallic complexes are formed in which two ligands span two palladium centers. The configuration around these centers is determined by the steric bulk of the ligand. In complexes 6c,d, with the ligands bearing the largest steric groups, both centers have a trans configuration of the methyl and chloride anions. With intermediately sized pyridyl substituents, complex 6b is formed, having one cis surrounded and one trans‐surrounded palladium center in the molecule. This kind of complexation has not been observed before. With the least bulky ligand, complex 6a is formed. Depending on the synthetic conditions employed, the methyl and the chloride in this complex can be in a cis configuration at both palladium atoms, or show the unique cis‐trans coordination.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Preparation, Structure Determination, and Electrochemical Properties of Bis{[1,4,8,11, 15,18,22,25‐octaethyl‐2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octakis(methylthio)phthalocyaninato]titanium(IV)} Benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetrathiolate
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Kumasaka Jun , Namauo Toshiharu
Published: September 2008

4,5‐Bis(methylthio)phthalonitrile 2 was prepared from 2,3,5,6‐tetrabromodiethylbenzene in four steps. Tetramerization and cyclization of phthalonitrile 2 with lithium n‐pentoxide at 115 °C produced octaethyl‐octakis(methylthio)phthalocyanine (3). A titanium atom was introduced into thephthalocyanine 3 by treatment with titanium(IV) tetrabutoxide in DMF at 130 °C to give the corresponding metal complex 3‐TiO. Linking of two molecules of the phthalocyanine 3‐TiO with benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetrathiol (BTT) produced a double‐decker‐type compound, bis{[octaethyl‐octakis(methylthio)phthalocyaninato]titanium(IV)} benzenetetrathiolate (6), in which the two phthalocyanines are connected axially through four titanium–sulfur coordination bonds. Double‐decker derivative 7 was also obtained by a similar treatment of (tetra‐tert‐butylphthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) oxide with BTT. The structures of 6 and 7 were determined by NMR, IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry. Both phthalocyanine skeletons of 6 have symmetrical structures, as shown by the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The electrochemical properties of 6 were examined by cyclic voltammetry with Ag/AgNO3 as the reference electrode.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)