bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and Modeling of Unstructured Roads in Forest Areas Based on Visual-2D Lidar Data Fusion
Authors: Lei Guannan , Yao Ruting , Zhao Yandong , Zheng Yili
Published: June 2021

The detection and recognition of unstructured roads in forest environments are critical for smart forestry technology. Forest roads lack effective reference objects and manual signs and have high degrees of nonlinearity and uncertainty, which pose severe challenges to forest engineering vehicles. This research aims to improve the automation and intelligence of forestry engineering and proposes an unstructured road detection and recognition method based on a combination of image processing and 2D lidar detection. This method uses the “improved SEEDS + Support Vector Machine (SVM)” strategy to quickly classify and recognize the road area in the image. Combined with the remapping of 2D lidar point cloud data on the image, the actual navigation requirements of forest unmanned navigation vehicles were fully considered, and road model construction based on the vehicle coordinate system was achieved. The algorithm was transplanted to a self-built intelligent navigation platform to verify its feasibility and effectiveness. The experimental results show that under low-speed conditions, the system can meet the real-time requirements of processing data at an average of 10 frames/s. For the centerline of the road model, the matching error between the image and lidar is no more than 0.119 m. The algorithm can provide effective support for the identification of unstructured roads in forest areas. This technology has important application value for forestry engineering vehicles in autonomous inspection and spraying, nursery stock harvesting, skidding, and transportation.
Composition and Activity of N2-Fixing Microorganisms in Mangrove Forest Soils
Authors: Shiau Yo-Jin , Lin Yu-Te , Yam Rita S. W. , Chang Ed-Haun , Wu Jhe-Ming , Hsu Tsu-Hsuan , Chiu Chih-Yu
Published: June 2021

Mangrove forests are considered to be a highly productive ecosystem, but they are also generally nitrogen (N)-limited. Thus, soil N2 fixation can be important for the stability of both mangrove ecosystem functions and upland N supply. This study evaluates the N2 fixation activity and composition of relevant microorganisms in two coastal mangrove forests—the Guandu mangrove in an upstream estuary and the Bali mangrove in a downstream estuary—using the acetylene reduction method, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. The results demonstrated that ambient nitrogenase activity was higher in downstream mangrove forests (13.2–15.6 nmol h−1 g−1 soil) than in upstream mangrove forests (0.2–1.4 nmol h−1 g−1 soil). However, both the maximum potential nitrogenase activity and nitrogenase gene (nifH gene) copy number were found to be higher in the upstream than in the downstream mangrove forests, implying that the nitrogenase activity and diazotrophic abundance may not necessarily be positively correlated. In addition, amended MoO4 (which inhibits the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in N2-fixation) yielded low nitrogenase activity, and sulfate-reducing bacteria made up 20–50% of the relative diazotrophic abundance in the mangrove forests, indicating that these bacteria might be the major active diazotrophs in this environment.
Recent Advances in Conventional Methods and Electrochemical Aptasensors for Mycotoxin Detection
Authors: Ong Jing Yi , Pike Andrew , Tan Ling Ling
Published: June 2021

The presence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs and feedstuffs is a serious concern for human health. The detection of mycotoxins is therefore necessary as a preventive action to avoid the harmful contamination of foodstuffs and animal feed. In comparison with the considerable expense of treating contaminated foodstuffs, early detection is a cost-effective way to ensure food safety. The high affinity of bio-recognition molecules to mycotoxins has led to the development of affinity columns for sample pre-treatment and the development of biosensors for the quantitative analysis of mycotoxins. Aptamers are a very attractive class of biological receptors that are currently in great demand for the development of new biosensors. In this review, the improvement in the materials and methodology, and the working principles and performance of both conventional and recently developed methods are discussed. The key features and applications of the fundamental recognition elements, such as antibodies and aptamers are addressed. Recent advances in aptasensors that are based on different electrochemical (EC) transducers are reviewed in detail, especially from the perspective of the diagnostic mechanism; in addition, a brief introduction of some commercially available mycotoxin detection kits is provided.
Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab
Authors: Brouwer Anne-Marie , van Beers Jasper J. , Sabu Priya , Stuldreher Ivo V. , Zech Hilmar G. , Kaneko Daisuke
Published: June 2021

Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants to move their phone towards their face (pull) or away (push) in response to images presented on the phone. We here tested the mAAT reaction time and the mAAT distance in a study with 71 Dutch participants that were recruited online and performed an experiment without coming to the laboratory. The participants used both the mAAT and (explicit) rating scales to respond to photographic images of food. As hypothesized, the rated wanting, rated valence and mAAT reaction time indicated a preference for palatable over unpalatable food, and for Dutch over Asian food. Additionally, as expected, arousal was rated higher for unpalatable than for palatable food, and higher for Dutch than for Asian food. The mAAT distance indicated that the unpalatable food images were moved across larger distances, regardless of the movement direction (pull or push), compared to the palatable food images; and the Dutch food images were moved across larger distances than the Asian food images. We conclude that the mAAT can be used to implicitly probe approach–avoidance motivation for complex images in the food domain. The new measure of mAAT distance may be used as an implicit measure of arousal. The ratings and the mAAT measures do not reflect the exact same information and may complement each other. Implicit measures, such as mAAT variables, are particularly valuable when response biases that can occur when using explicit ratings are expected.
Sensory and Physicochemical Quality, Residual Fungicide Levels and Microbial Load in ‘Florida Radiance’ Strawberries from Different Disease Control Treatments Exposed to Simulated Supply Chain Conditions
Authors: Kelly Katrina , Yagiz Yavuz , Li Zheng , Mahnken Gail , Borejsza-Wysocki Wlodzimierz , Marshall Maurice , A. Sims Charles , Peres Natalia , do Nascimento Nunes Maria Cecilia
Published: June 2021

Strawberries are greatly appreciated for their flavor and health-promoting properties. However, current agricultural and postharvest handling practices may result in decreased fruit quality. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of conventional or reduced fungicide applications on the quality of ‘Florida Radiance’ strawberries exposed to supply chain conditions. Strawberries held under steady temperature had better sensory and physicochemical quality than fruit exposed to supply chain conditions, regardless of the disease control treatment. Strawberries from the reduced fungicide treatment were firmer, lost less moisture, had higher sugar and higher or similar bioactive contents than fruit from the conventional treatment. Sensory scores were better for reduced fungicide fruit held under steady temperature conditions than other treatments at the consumer level. Microbial load increased during the supply chain but results strongly suggest that washing the fruit significantly reduces the microbial load and residual fungicide levels (fludioxonil, cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, and captan) on the fruit. Overall, the use of reduced fungicide applications to control strawberry disease constitutes a promising alternative to conventional practices. It will help reduce costs by reducing labor and the amount of fungicides used while maintaining overall strawberry quality. Moreover, avoiding abusive and fluctuating temperature conditions during the supply chain will extend shelf-life and reduce strawberry waste.
Inverse Problem for a Partial Differential Equation with Gerasimov–Caputo-Type Operator and Degeneration
Authors: Yuldashev Tursun K. , Kadirkulov Bakhtiyar J.
Published: June 2021

In the three-dimensional open rectangular domain, the problem of the identification of the redefinition function for a partial differential equation with Gerasimov–Caputo-type fractional operator, degeneration, and integral form condition is considered in the case of the 0<α≤1 order. A positive parameter is present in the mixed derivatives. The solution of this fractional differential equation is studied in the class of regular functions. The Fourier series method is used, and a countable system of ordinary fractional differential equations with degeneration is obtained. The presentation for the redefinition function is obtained using a given additional condition. Using the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and the Bessel inequality, the absolute and uniform convergence of the obtained Fourier series is proven.
FABP2 Ala54Thr Polymorphism and Post-Training Changes of Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Caucasian Women
Authors: Leońska-Duniec Agata , Świtała Katarzyna , Ahmetov Ildus I. , Pickering Craig , Massidda Myosotis , Buryta Maciej , Mastalerz Andrzej , Maculewicz Ewelina
Published: June 2021

The functional FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism (rs1799883) is strongly associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, although the function of its potential modifying effect on training-induced changes in obesity-related parameters is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism on post-training changes of selected body mass and body composition measurements, as well as with biochemical parameters of energy metabolism. Accordingly, alleles and genotypes distribution in a group of 168 young, nonobese Caucasian women measured for chosen body composition parameters, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after the completion of a 12-week aerobic training program were studied. Although the obtained results showed changes in body mass, BMI, FM, %FM, FFM, TBW, HDL-C, and glucose levels during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FABP2 genotypes. Instead, we found a main effect of genotype on BMI (p = 0.033), with carriers of the Thr54 allele having a higher BMI during the whole study period compared with the Ala54 carriers. We confirm that the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism may help identify women at risk for overweight and obesity. However, we did not notice evidence of an interaction between physical activity and the Ala54Thr polymorphism on the examined parameters.
Determining Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Medical Education eLearning Platforms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: UTAUT2 Approach
Authors: Prasetyo Yogi Tri , Roque Ralph Andre C. , Chuenyindee Thanatorn , Young Michael Nayat , Diaz John Francis T. , Persada Satria Fadil , Miraja Bobby Ardiansyah , Perwira Redi Anak Agung Ngurah
Published: June 2021

eLearning has been the medium of delivery of medical educational institutions to address the scarcity of medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) was extended to determine the factors affecting the acceptance of eLearning platforms to medical education in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 360 medical students voluntary participated and answered an online questionnaire that consisted of 40 questions. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that performance expectancy was found to have the highest effect on behavioral intention, which was followed by learning value and instructor characteristics. A high behavioral intention was found to affect the actual use of eLearning platforms. Interestingly, social influence and habit were found not to be significant to behavioral intentions. This study is the first study that has explored the acceptance of eLearning platforms among medical students in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings can be a theoretical guideline of the Commission on Higher Education of the Philippines for eLearning platforms. Finally, the framework would be very valuable for enhancing the open innovation in eLearning platforms in medical fields worldwide.
Using VGI and Social Media Data to Understand Urban Green Space: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Cui Nan , Malleson Nick , Houlden Victoria , Comber Alexis
Published: June 2021

Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) and social media can provide information about real-time perceptions, attitudes and behaviours in urban green space (UGS). This paper reviews the use of VGI and social media data in research examining UGS. The current state of the art is described through the analysis of 177 papers to (1) summarise the characteristics and usage of data from different platforms, (2) provide an overview of the research topics using such data sources, and (3) characterise the research approaches based on data pre-processing, data quality assessment and improvement, data analysis and modelling. A number of important limitations and priorities for future research are identified. The limitations include issues of data acquisition and representativeness, data quality, as well as differences across social media platforms in different study areas such as urban and rural areas. The research priorities include a focus on investigating factors related to physical activities in UGS areas, urban park use and accessibility, the use of data from multiple sources and, where appropriate, making more effective use of personal information. In addition, analysis approaches can be extended to examine the network suggested by social media posts that are shared, re-posted or reacted to and by being combined with textual, image and geographical data to extract more representative information for UGS analysis.
Deep-Water Cartilaginous Fishes in the Central Mediterranean Sea: Comparison between Geographic Areas with Two Low Impact Tools for Sampling
Authors: Carluccio Angela , Capezzuto Francesca , Maiorano Porzia , Sion Letizia , D’Onghia Gianfranco
Published: June 2021

Baited lander represents a low impact technique, an alternative to the traditional trawl sampling for collecting data on fish diversity and abundance, especially for threatened species such as Chondrichthyes living in sensitive habitats. In this study, distribution and abundance of cartilaginous fish were compared between two geographic areas, the southern Adriatic Sea and the north-western Ionian Sea, with two low impact sampling gears, an experimental bottom longline and a baited lander. Species diversity was evaluated by applying ecological indices and difference in mean abundances were tested using multivariate analysis. A total of 13 species of cartilaginous fish were collected. Significant differences in the assemblage recorded in the same area using different sampling tools were detected and no significant differences were detected among different areas explored with the same method. Using longline, the most abundant species collected in both areas was Galeus melastomus, while using lander, the most observed species were Dalatias licha in the southern Adriatic Sea and Hexanchus griseus in the north-western Ionian Sea. According to IUCN classification, of the 13 species collected, 2 are near threatened and 5 are threatened. A better governance of sensitive habitats coinciding with the essential fish habitat for these species would ensure them a better conservation status.
Type 2 Nep1-Like Proteins from the Biocontrol Oomycete Pythium oligandrum Suppress Phytophthora capsici Infection in Solanaceous Plants
Authors: Yang Kun , Dong Xiaohua , Li Jialu , Wang Yi , Cheng Yang , Zhai Ying , Li Xiaobo , Wei Lihui , Jing Maofeng , Dou Daolong
Published: June 2021

As a non-pathogenic oomycete, the biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum is able to control plant diseases through direct mycoparasite activity and boosting plant immune responses. Several P. oligandrum elicitors have been found to activate plant immunity as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) are a group of MAMPs widely distributed in eukaryotic and prokaryotic plant pathogens. However, little is known about their distribution and functions in P. oligandrum and its sister species Pythium periplocum. Here, we identified a total of 25 NLPs from P. oligandrum (PyolNLPs) and P. periplocum (PypeNLPs). Meanwhile, we found that PyolNLPs/PypeNLPs genes cluster in two chromosomal segments, and our analysis suggests that they expand by duplication and share a common origin totally different from that of pathogenic oomycetes. Nine PyolNLPs/PypeNLPs induced necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration. Eight partially purified PyolNLPs/PypeNLPs were tested for their potential biocontrol activity. PyolNLP5 and PyolNLP7 showed necrosis-inducing activity in N. benthamiana via direct protein infiltration. At sufficient concentrations, they both significantly reduced disease severity and suppressed the in planta growth of Phytophthora capsici in solanaceous plants including N. benthamiana (tobacco), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Capsicum annuum (pepper). Our assays suggest that the Phytophthora suppression effect of PyolNLP5 and PyolNLP7 is irrelevant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Instead, they induce the expression of antimicrobial plant defensin genes, and the induction depends on their conserved nlp24-like peptide pattern. This work demonstrates the biocontrol role of two P. oligandrum NLPs for solanaceous plants, which uncovers a novel approach of utilizing NLPs to develop bioactive formulae for oomycete pathogen control with no ROS-caused injury to plants.
Study and Use of Rice Husk Ash as a Source of Aluminosilicate in Refractory Coating
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Na’im , Mustapha Mazli , Sallih Nabihah , Ahmad Azlan , Mustapha Faizal , Dahliyanti Ayu
Published: June 2021

The utilisation of rice husk ash (RHA) as an aluminosilicate source in fire-resistant coating could reduce environmental pollution and can turn agricultural waste into industrial wealth. The overall objective of this research is to develop a rice-husk-ash-based geopolymer binder (GB) fire-retardant additive (FR) for alkyd paint. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments work, on the ratio of RHA-based GB to alkyd paint. The microstructure behaviour and material characterisation of the coating samples were studied through SEM analysis. The optimal RHA-based GB FR additive was formulated at 50% wt. FR and 82.628% wt. paint. This formulation showed the result of 270 s to reach 200 °C and 276 °C temperature at equilibrium for thermal properties. Furthermore, it was observed that the increased contents of RHA showed an increment in terms of the total and open porosities and rough surfaces, in which the number of pores on the coating surface plays an important role in the formation of the intumescent char layer. By developing the optimum RHA-based GB to paint formulation, the coating may potentially improve building fire safety through passive fire protection.
Depression, Anxiety, and Social Environmental Adversity as Potential Modulators of the Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Castro-Figueroa Eida M. , Acevedo Karina I. , Peña-Vargas Cristina I. , Torres-Blasco Normarie , Flores Idhaliz , Colón-Echevarria Claudia B. , Maldonado Lizette , Rodríguez Zindie , Aquino-Acevedo Alexandra N. , Jim Heather , Lazaro María I. , Armaiz-Peña Guillermo N.
Published: June 2021

Background: Mounting data suggest that exposure to chronic stress is associated with worse breast cancer outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of social environmental adversity (SEA, e.g., child abuse, crime, sexual, and physical violence), depressive symptomatology, and anxiety on immune cell infiltration into the breast tumor microenvironment. Methods: Participants (n = 33) completed a series of surveys assessing depression and anxiety symptoms, adverse childhood events (ACE), and trauma history. Tumor-associated macrophages (CD68+), B cells (CD19+), and T cells (CD3+) were identified by immunohistochemical analyses of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples and quantified. Spearman rank tests were used to explore the relationships between the variables studied. Results: Exposure to SEA was high (ACE = 72%, exposure to crime = 47%, and exposure to physical/sexual assault = 73%) among participants. Moreover, 30% reported a comorbid history of depression and ACE; 39% reported one or more traumatic events, and clinically significant depression symptomatology, while 21% reported trauma history and significant anxiety symptomatology. Increased tumor-infiltrating B cells were significantly correlated with exposure to crime, anxiety symptoms, and exposure to an ACE. The ACE plus anxiety group presented the highest infiltration of B cells, T cells, and macrophages. Conclusion: These findings support a role for SEA, anxiety symptoms, and depression as potential modulators of the immune tumor microenvironment in breast cancer.
Learning Experience of Chinese Nursing Students during Clinical Practicum: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Tang (Anson) Chui-Yan
Published: June 2021

The change in clinical environment can have a significant impact on nursing students’ clinical learning and as a consequence, to their competency. Students’ learning experiences could provide important insights for improving the existing approach towards clinical education. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to explore nursing students’ clinical learning experience. Focus group interviews were conducted with 20 final year nursing students studying a bachelor nursing programme at a self-financing tertiary institution in Hong Kong. Thematic analysis was conducted. 16 female and four male students were recruited. Six themes were identified: Anxiety towards clinical practicum, expectations of roles and responsibilities in practicum, ward environment, adequacy of support, learning attitude, and practicum arrangement. The findings suggest that nursing students are more discontented with their clinical training than before. Nursing faculty must look for possible ways to improve the clinical learning environment.
Naturalizing Logic: How Knowledge of Mechanisms Enhances Inductive Inference
Authors: Thagard Paul
Published: June 2021

This paper naturalizes inductive inference by showing how scientific knowledge of real mechanisms provides large benefits to it. I show how knowledge about mechanisms contributes to generalization, inference to the best explanation, causal inference, and reasoning with probabilities. Generalization from some A are B to all A are B is more plausible when a mechanism connects A to B. Inference to the best explanation is strengthened when the explanations are mechanistic and when explanatory hypotheses are themselves mechanistically explained. Causal inference in medical explanation, counterfactual reasoning, and analogy also benefit from mechanistic connections. Mechanisms also help with problems concerning the interpretation, availability, and computation of probabilities.
On the Mechanical Response of Silicon Dioxide Nanofiller Concentration on Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printed Isotactic Polypropylene Nanocomposites
Authors: Vidakis Nectarios , Petousis Markos , Velidakis Emmanouil , Tzounis Lazaros , Mountakis Nikolaos , Korlos Apostolos , Fischer-Griffiths Peder Erik , Grammatikos Sotirios
Published: June 2021

Utilization of advanced engineering thermoplastic materials in fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process is critical in expanding additive manufacturing (AM) applications. Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used thermoplastic material, while silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), which can be found in many living organisms, are commonly employed as fillers in polymers to improve their mechanical properties and processability. In this work, PP/SiO2 nanocomposite filaments at various concentrations were developed following a melt mixing extrusion process, and used for FFF 3D printing of specimens’ characterization according to international standards. Tensile, flexural, impact, microhardness, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were conducted to determine the effect of the nanofiller loading on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed for microstructural analysis, and finally melt flow index (MFI) tests were conducted to assess the melt rheological properties. An improvement in the mechanical performance was observed for silica loading up to 2.0 wt.%, while 4.0 wt.% was a potential threshold revealing processability challenges. Overall, PP/SiO2 nanocomposites could be ideal candidates for advanced 3D printing engineering applications towards structural plastic components with enhanced mechanical performance.
Sulfonated Polysulfone/TiO2(B) Nanowires Composite Membranes as Polymer Electrolytes in Fuel Cells
Authors: Martinez-Morlanes Maria Jose , de la Torre-Gamarra Carmen , Pérez-Prior María Teresa , Lara-Benito Sara , del Rio Carmen , Várez Alejandro , Levenfeld Belen
Published: June 2021

New proton conducting membranes based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) reinforced with TiO2(B) nanowires (1, 2, 5 and 10 wt.%) were synthesized and characterized. TiO2(B) nanowires were synthesized by means of a hydrothermal method by mixing TiO2 precursor in aqueous solution of NaOH as solvent. The presence of the TiO2(B) nanowires into the polymer were confirmed by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The thermal study showed an increase of almost 20 °C in the maximum temperature of sPSU backbone decomposition due to the presence of 10 wt.% TiO2(B) nanowires. Water uptake also is improved with the presence of hydrophilic TiO2(B) nanowires. Proton conductivity of sPSU with 10 wt.% TiO2(B) nanowires was 21 mS cm−1 (at 85 °C and 100% RH). Under these experimental conditions the power density was 350 mW cm−2 similar to the value obtained for Nafion 117. Considering all these obtained results, the composite membrane doped with 10 wt.% TiO2(B) nanowires is a promising candidate as proton exchange electrolyte in fuel cells (PEMFCs), especially those operating at high temperatures.
Wastewater Treatment Plants in Mediterranean Spain: An Exploration of Relations between Water Treatments, Water Reuse, and Governance
Authors: Rodríguez-Villanueva Paula , Sauri David
Published: June 2021

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are fundamental to enable the transition towards the principles of a circular economy in water supply. In Mediterranean Spain, an area with recurrent episodes of water stress, treated wastewater may become a critical resource for the future. However, its incorporation into the array of potential water options opens up questions regarding the different qualities obtained with each treatment, the extent of existing water reuse practices, or the governance regime of plants. In this paper, the state of WWTPs in Mediterranean Spain is analyzed, with focus on plant sizes, treatment technologies, water use, and governance regimes. The latter shows a strong presence of private WWTPs and a lesser extent of public–private WWTPs, while the number of public plants is small. Regarding treatment technologies, the most sophisticated systems are found in public–private plants that are also the largest in size. Reclaimed water is very significant for agricultural and golf course irrigation in some areas (Valencia, Murcia, Andalusia), but still relatively incipient for other uses.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and Abundance of Saxitoxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in a Subtropical Drinking Water Reservoir in Brazil
Authors: Moraes Munique A. B. , Rodrigues Raphaella A. M. , Schlüter Louise , Podduturi Raju , Jørgensen Niels O. G. , Calijuri Maria C.
Published: June 2021

Blooms of cyanobacteria are frequent in Brazilian water reservoirs used for drinking water. The warning for the presence of potential toxin-producing cyanobacteria is typically based on time-consuming microscopy, rather than specific molecular detection of toxic genes in cyanobacteria. In this study, we developed a quantitative PCR assay for the detection of cyanobacteria producing the neurotoxin saxitoxin (STX). The assay targets the sxtA gene in the sxt gene cluster. Potential and dominant STX-producers in the Itupararanga reservoir were the genera Raphidiopsis, Aphanizomenon and Geitlerinema. Numbers of the sxtA gene varied from 6.76 × 103 to 7.33 × 105 cells mL−1 and correlated positively with SXT concentrations in the water. Concentrations of STX and the sxtA gene also correlated positively with TN:TP ratio and pH, but correlated negatively with inorganic nutrients and turbidity, confirming that regulation of the SXT production was impacted by environmental variables. In contrast, the occurrence of another cyanotoxin, microcystin, did not correlate with any environmental variables. The developed qPCR assay was found to be a rapid and robust approach for the specific quantification of potential STX-producing cyanobacteria and should be considered in future investigations on toxic cyanobacteria to provide an early warning of potential toxin episodes.
The role of the pediatric surgery nurse in the dental polyclinic
Authors: Mambetova Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The nurse in the children's dental department is one of the main staff members. She prepares the office for the beginning of the appointment, assists the doctor in carrying out diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and prepares patients psychologically correctly. A modern nurse should be able to make decisions on her own and quickly adapt to changing living conditions. One of the features of the pediatric nurse profession is the need for systematic improvement of the knowledge and frequent work with literature, that is, constant self-education.
Organization of professional training of middle medical personnel for work in conditions of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Volodin Anatoliy
Published: June 2021

At present, in the context of mass spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the
territory of the Russian Federation, one of the main directions of further professional education of health workers is the improvement of professional competences (streamlining the existing ones) and acquisition of new knowledge and skills in order to implement measures to prevent and reduce the risks of the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in adults and children in the practical activities of medical personnel, necessary for independent professional activities within the existing qualifications.
Studying of anatomic structure of Amaranthus retroflexus L. herb
Authors: Kovaleva Tatyana , Makaryants Larisa Dmitrievna , Dbay Margarita Mikhailovna , Lukmanova Yulia Airatovna
Published: June 2021

Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a perspective medical plant. We studied anatomic structure specialities of its stems and leaves. We visualized anomocytic stomatas and simple thin-walled multicellular trichomes on both sides of leaves. Big amount of calcium oxalate druses and cells with crystal sand along leaf ribes were found in mesophyll. Many conducting bundles (xylem, phloem and sclerenchyma) were detected on sectional cross of culm. We didn’t detected sclerenchymatous belt, angular collenchyma, simple thin-walled multicellular trichomes and crystalic inclusions.
Reformer és örök optimista : A Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság és a Pulai Miklós Baráti Társaság emlékkonferenciája
Authors: Asztalos László György
Published: June 2021

Az MKT Közgazdász Életműdíjával kitüntetett, tavaly elhunyt Pulai Miklósra emlékezett egy online konferenciával 2021. április 21-én a Magyar Közgazdasági Társaság és a Pulai Miklós Baráti Társaság. A résztvevőket Hegedüs Éva, az MKT-főtitkára, a GRÁNIT Bank Zrt. elnök-vezérigazgatója, a Magyar Bankszövetség elnökségi tagja köszöntötte. A konferencia két bevezető előadását Germuska Pál, a Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár főigazgató-helyettese és Erdei Tamás, a Magyar Bankszövetség korábbi elnöke tartotta. A konferencia második részében Asztalos László György egyetemi magántanár, az Állami Biztosításfelügyelet korábbi vezetője, a PSZÁF Felügyeleti Tanácsának volt elnökhelyettese vezetésével Bod Péter Ákos volt jegybankelnök, az MKT alelnöke, Botos Katalin bankügyekért felelős, korábbi tárca nélküli miniszter és Mellár Tamás, a Központi Statisztikai Hivatal egykori elnöke beszélgetett Pulai Miklós szerepéről a hazai pénz- és tőkepiacok kialakításában és megszilárdításában. A cikk ezt a kötetlen, három kérdés köré szervezett beszélgetést foglalja össze.
Esmâ-i Sitte'nin İrâbı Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler
Authors: ERDİM Enes , MEYDANOĞLU Ayşe
Published: June 2021

Arap dilinde cümle içinde kelimelerin yüklendikleri görevleri ve ifade ettikleri anlamları göstermek üzere i’râb olgusu kullanılmıştır. i’râb, kelime sonunda amil denilen fonksiyonel sözcüklerden kaynaklanan değişikliktir. Bu değişiklik farklı belirtilerle kendisini göstermiştir. Bu belirtiler çoğu zaman aslî alametler olarak değerlendirilen damme, fetha ve kesra denilen harekelerle ortaya çıkmıştır. Bazen de sınırlı sayıdaki kelimelerde hareke yerine geçen ikincil belirti dediğimiz harflerle gösterilmiştir. İkincil belirtilerin kullanıldığı sözcük türlerinden biri de Arap dilinde esma-ı sitte olarak bilinen أب ، أخ ، حم، ذو، فم، ve هن sözcükleridir. Esma-ı sitte fer’i i’râbla i’râblanmanın yanın sıra, bazı lehçelerde aslî belirtilerle, bazılarında ise kıyasa uygun olarak maksûr biçiminde kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte bazı dilsel verilerde esmâ-i sittenin şeddeli kullanımına rastlamak da mümkündür. Özellikle ikincil belirtileri almaları durumunda bu sözcüklerin nasıl i’râblanacağı meselesi Arap dilcileri arasında tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada konuyla ilgili klasik dil ekollerinin ve temsilcilerinin esma-ı sittenin i’râbına ilişkin görüşleri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Zerdüştîlik ve İşrakîlik'te Tanrısal Karizma: Hurra
Authors: MEÇİN Mehmet Mekin
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın konusu, hem Zerdüştîlikte hem de İşrak hikmetinde kilit bir kavram olan hurra sıfatının anlam dünyasına inmektir. Nitekim İranî düşünce siteminde kadim bir kökene ve kullanıma sahip olduğu anlaşılan hurra kelimesinin yüzyıllarca varlığını sürdürdüğü, Zerdüştîlerin kutsal kitabı Avesta’dan İşrak hikmeti kurucusu Sühreverdî’nin eserlerine kadar geçen uzun zaman aralığından rahatlıkla anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; dinî, felsefî, gnostik ve epistemolojik bir değere sahip olan hurra kavramı üzerinden Zerdüştîlik ve İşrakîlik arasında bir mukayese yapmak ve böylece dinsel geleneğin zamanlar üstü düşünce kodlarının ayak izine ışık tutmaktır. Bu çalışmayla ilahî bir karizma, celalî bir nur, alındaki tanrısal parıltı ve insanın metafizik nuranî boyutunu sembolize eden hurra betiminin Zerdüştîlik ve İşrakîlik’te benzer anlam ve kullanımlara sahip olduğu, Sühreverdî’nin teosofyasını kurarken geleneksel dinî mirasın hem kavramlarından hem de kavramların taşıdıkları anlam dünyasından ustaca istifade ettiği ve bunları yorumlayarak kendi düşünce sistemi içerisinde yeniden onlara can soluğu verdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Estrategias del uso del espacio intrasitio en cazadores-recolectores del Bajo de Sarmiento durante el Holoceno tardío (Chubut, Argentina)
Authors: Peralta González Santiago
Published: June 2021

El tema que desarrollé en mi Tesis Doctoral fue el estudio de las estrategias de movilidad y asentamiento que emplearon los cazadores-recolectores que habitaron el Bajo de Sarmiento (Sarmiento, Chubut) (Figura 1) durante el Holoceno Tardío (ca. 1500 AP), a través del análisis intrasitio de los conjuntos ergológicos recuperados mediante excavaciones y recolecciones superficiales. La forma de abordar los estudios de los sitios arqueológicos propuesta es poniendo énfasis en la dimensión espacial del registro (Borrero et al., 1992), a partir de la utilización de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Dentro del conjunto de herramientas se privilegiaron las geoestadísticas, a los efectos de obtener patrones de distribución; explorando la variabilidad de la evidencia arqueológica (Binford, 1982, 1995) en el uso del espacio a través del tiempo De este modo, se construyó una interpretación acerca de las características de las distribuciones de evidencia arqueológica de los sitios bajo estudio, lo que permitió reconocer diferencias y similitudes que posibilitaron describir la variabilidad de las estructuras espaciales intrasitio, e inferir las potenciales estrategias de uso del espacio.
Masks as Part of Our Novel Identity
Authors: Kefalaki Margarita
Published: June 2021

Since the time COVID19 made its appearance on an international level (March 2020), masks have become a personal and social identity tool. Nowadays (June 2021), we cannot still leave our house without wearing a mask. It really feels like the mask is now part of our face, covering its lower part, hiding our facial expressions. In this paper, we examine the place and use of masks as markers of personal and social identities, as well as social responsibility. More particularly, we observe the following three issues: a) the symbolic meaning of masks as an anthropological artifact, b) the dilemma of individual liberty balanced by social responsibility, produced through mask wearing, and c) the way we can create meaning through adaptation to a new “masked reality”. In this article, based on personal experiences, observation and bibliographical research, we explore and reveal the symbolic meaning of masks. We make use of the social identity theory (SIT) that assumes that one part of the self-concept is defined by our belonging to social groups (Trepte, 2006). More particularly we are examining our identity’s, personal and social, need to respond to the ‘obligation’ of mask wearing. We believe that finding or inventing meaning to the use of mask, can help us evolve and accept our new reality.
Anti-facemaskism
Authors: Rudolph Jürgen , Rong Ching Sheau , Tan Shannon
Published: June 2021

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a devastating impact around the world. The responses by government leaders around the world have been varied. While certain countries (for instance, Taiwan and New Zealand) excelled in their responses, the Presidency of Donald Trump will perhaps be best remembered because of its populist, anti-scientific, and denialist approach towards the pandemic. After providing a brief literature review that focuses on the academic literature on face masks, we show that Trump’s absurd responses to the pandemic were not unique amongst populists worldwide. Based on a qualitative analysis of Trump’s numerous false and misleading statements about COVID-19, we reconstruct his coronavirus and facemask responses that contributed to the U.S. having the highest coronavirus death toll worldwide. We conclude by highlighting the importance of teaching critical thinking and the careful evaluation of the trustworthiness of sources to avoid falling for fake news and populist propaganda.
Efectos adversos en pacientes sometidos a procesos transfusionales.
Authors: Cerón Luna Sebastian
Published: June 2021

La transfusión sanguínea es un procedimiento comúnmente utilizado; en el cual el paciente recibe sangre o sus componentes con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida y que esto contribuya con la recuperación total o parcial de la salud de aquellos pacientes que hacen uso de esta práctica. Este procedimiento esta destinado a salvar vidas cuando se pierde en una cirugía, en enfermedades, en trastornos hemorrágicos, lesiones o cuando una enfermedad impide que el cuerpo produzca sangre o algunos componentes. Las transfusiones pueden ser de cada uno de sus componentes (glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos, plasma y plaquetas) o pueden ser transfusiones que contiene todos los componentes (no es tan frecuente). En general, las transfusiones de sangre no presentan complicaciones; aunque se han evidenciado riesgos y efectos adversos. Los órganos hepáticos, cardiovascular, hematológico y renal son los que se ven comprometidos a causa de complicaciones transfusionales.
Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği’ne Siyasi Bakış: Sovyetler Birliği Geri mi Dönüyor?
Authors: BEKCAN Umut
Published: June 2021

Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği (AEB) ulus üstü bir oluşumdur. Birliğe; Rusya, Belarus, Kazakistan, Ermenistan ve Kırgızistan üyedir. AEB’nin, bir siyasi birlik oluşturma niyeti olup olmadığı önemli bir tartışma sorusudur. Batı’da, Birliğin Sovyetler Birliği’ni yeniden kurma girişimi olduğuna yönelik bir “endişe” vardır. Bu noktada, Sovyetler Birliği’nin ardılı ve Avrasya’da siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik olarak en güçlü devlet olarak Rusya’nın AEB’ye bakışı da önem kazanmaktadır.Bu çalışma, bu soruyu ve dolayısıyla cevabını merkeze almıştır. Çalışmada, öncelikle AEB kısaca tanıtılmış, amaç ve işlevleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Ardından Rusya dış politikasında Avrasya’nın ve AEB’nin yeri ve öneminden söz edilmiştir. Son olarak, Birliğin Sovyetler Birliği’ni yeniden kurma girişimi olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aranmıştır.
Gottes Wort und menschliche Sprache
Authors: Specker Tobias
Published: June 2021

Gottes Wort steht im Mittelpunkt des christlichen wie des islamischen Glaubens. Damit sind Offenbarung und Sprache in beiden Religionen eng aufeinander bezogen. Tobias Specker bringt islamische und christliche Theologie, Literaturwissenschaft und phänomenologische Philosophie miteinander ins Gespräch. In klassischen und gegenwärtigen Ansätzen untersucht er den Topos der Unnachahmlichkeit des Koran, der eine zentrale Rolle in der Begründung des islamischen Glaubens spielt. Aus der Analyse arabisch-christlicher Positionen und aktuellen Ansätzen hermeneutischer Theologie wird ein dialogbereiter und differenzbewusster christlicher Zugang zum Koran entwickelt – und damit eine Theologie des Wortes Gottes im interreligiösen Kontext.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONCRETE MODIFIED ON POLYCARBOXYLATE SUPERPLASTICATOR
Authors: Саламанова М. Ш. , Аласханов А. Х. , Габашев А. А. , Мовсулов М. М.
Published: June 2021

Представлены результаты разработки высококачественных бетонов линейки классов от В7,5 до В30 с использованием местных сырьевых материалов и суперпластификатора на основе эфиров поликарбоксилатов. С использованием добавки MasterPozzolith 3150W проведены исследования по изучению динамики набора прочности, жизнеспособности, подвижности и склонности к седиментации бетонной смести, что благоприятно отразится на перекачиваемости и формовании конструкций.

The results of the development of high-quality concretes of a line of classes from B7.5 to B30 using local raw materials and a superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ethers are presented. Using the additive MasterPozzolith 3150W, studies have been carried out to study the dynamics of strength gain, viability, mobility and the tendency to sedimentation of concrete sweep, which will have a beneficial effect on the pumpability and formation of structures.
TO THE QUESTION OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY IN A MODERN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Лихачева О. Н. , Меретукова С. К.
Published: June 2021

В современных образовательных условиях вопрос академической мобильности и ее качественное применение на практике является актуальным. Новые запросы общества, открытие границ, расширение экономических, образовательных и научных контактов и их выход на международный уровень предусматривают необходимость расширения деятельности преподавателей, их выход за университетские рамки, широкое международное академическое сотрудничество. Кроме того, современное образование требует модернизации в силу изменяющихся реалий. Оно должно быть более мобильным, качественным, эффективным и результативным. Мы полагаем, что именно академическая мобильность в новых условиях способна развить образование в целом, и отдельные его компоненты в частности. Она позволит студентам получать более широкий объем знаний, эффективнее применять их на практике, углублять спектр компетенций и компетентностей.

The problem of academic mobility and its efficient appliance on practice is really actual in modern educational conditions. New society demands, opening of borders, expansion of economic, educational and scientific contacts and their international level imply the necessity of teachers’ activity expansion, their leaving university limits, broad international academic cooperation. Besides, today’s education demands modernization as a result of changing realties. It must have more mobility, quality and result. We are sure that it is the academic mobility that can develop education in general and its components in detail in modern conditions. It will allow students to get more knowledge, use it on practice more effectively, and deepen all the competences.
THE AFTERMATH OF THE ARAB SPRING AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SAHEL AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Danjibo Nathaniel D
Published: June 2021

The Arab Spring, which brought an end to the authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, was greeted with so much expectation, especially as it gave hope for the expansion of democracy. Unfortunately, however, the Arab Spring has only helped to bring about a period of political uncertainty in the affected countries and created the opportunity for political instability in the Sahel and Sub-Saharan Africa. The fragility of states in Africa with the attendant governance deficits have also created the platform for non-state armed actors to penetrate the Sahel and Sub-Saharan Africa, which ultimately impacts negatively on the region. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the implication of the Arab Spring for peace and development in the Sahel and SubSaharan Africa.
Fanonian practices in South Africa: From Steve Biko to Abahlali baseMjondolo (Nigel Gibson)
Authors: Mawere Munyaradzi
Published: June 2021

Frantz Fanon, the Algerian theorist of revolution and social change, continues living through his profoundly luminous work that remains influential to the thinking and actions of many a people across the world even today. In Fanonian Practices in South Africa (2011), which comprises an introduction and five chapters, Nigel Gibson grapples with the important question of the relevance of Fanon's thought, 50 years after his death in 1961, to the South African situation especially from the time of Steve Biko to the time of the birth of the shack dwellers' movement, Abahlali baseMjondolo (Abahlali) in Durban on 19 March 2005. Gibson acknowledges that the idea of Fanonian Practices is not limited to South Africa but relevant also for other African countries. Elsewhere, Fanon's ideas have been exported to Black theology of liberation by scholars such as James Cone in the United States of America (USA) and Paulo Freire in Latin America.