bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generational styles in oral storytelling
Authors: Gerstenberg Annette
Published: July 2019

When it comes to autobiographical narratives, the most spontaneous and natural manner is preferable. But neither individually told narratives nor those grounded in the communicative repertoire of a social group are easily comparable. A clearly identifiabletertium comparationisis mandatory. We present the results of an experimental ‘Narrative Priming’ setting with French students. A potentially underlying model of narrating from personal experience was activated via a narrative prime, and in a second step, the participants were asked to tell a narrative of their own. The analysis focuses on similarities and differences between the primes and the students’ narratives. The results give evidence for the possibility to elicit a set of comparable narratives via a prime, and to activate an underlying narrative template. Meaningful differences are discussed as generational and age related styles. The transcriptions from the participants that authorized the publication are available online.
Biochemical characteristics of maltose phosphorylase MalE from Bacillus sp. AHU2001 and chemoenzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides by the enzyme
Authors: Gao Yu , Saburi Wataru , Taguchi Yodai , Mori Haruhide
Published: July 2019

Maltose phosphorylase (MP), a glycoside hydrolase family 65 enzyme, reversibly phosphorolyzes maltose. In this study, we characterized Bacillus sp. AHU2001 MP (MalE) that was produced in Escherichia coli. The enzyme exhibited phosphorolytic activity to maltose, but not to other α-linked glucobioses and maltotriose. The optimum pH and temperature of MalE for maltose-phosphorolysis were 8.1 and 45°C, respectively. MalE was stable at a pH range of 4.5–10.4 and at ≤40°C. The phosphorolysis of maltose by MalE obeyed the sequential Bi–Bi mechanism. In reverse phosphorolysis, MalE utilized d-glucose, 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol, methyl α-d-glucoside, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-mannose, d-glucosamine, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, kojibiose, 3-deoxy-d-glucose, d-allose, 6-deoxy-d-glucose, d-xylose, d-lyxose, l-fucose, and l-sorbose as acceptors. The kcat(app)/Km(app) value for d-glucosamine and 6-deoxy-d-glucose was comparable to that for d-glucose, and that for other acceptors was 0.23–12% of that for d-glucose. MalE synthesized α-(1→3)-glucosides through reverse phosphorolysis with 2-deoxy-d-glucose and l-sorbose, and synthesized α-(1→4)-glucosides in the reaction with other tested acceptors.
Optimal Techno-Economic Design of Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Izdin.Hlal Mohamad , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna K , Hafiz Nagi Farrukh , bin Tuan Abdullah Tuan Ab Rashid
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a methodology to size Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy System (SHRES) which combines solar PV, wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage (BES) for application in rural areas. These sources are integrated via an AC bus to support the load demand. SHRES is simulated under varying load demand, solar radiation, temperature and wind speed obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department. A Multi-objective Optimization using Non-dominate Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was utilized to determine the best sizing of PV / wind turbine / battery, and minimize Cost of Energy (COE) and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). The results show that the NSGAII optimization of the model is able to determine the best techno-economic sizing for the suggested location. For the case study, the optimum COE was 0.1099 (USD/kWh) and LPSP was 0.0865. The proposed tool can be used to size the SHRES for rural electrification and enhance energy access within remote locations.
Experimental Combined Grouping Analysis Approach for Robust Battery pack design for Electric Vehicles with Higher Performance
Authors: Yun Liu , Shui Li , Gao Liang , Fan Zhun , Ruhatiya C. , Wang Chin-Tsan , Garg Akhil
Published: July 2019

Battery consistency is an important factor for battery pack performance. Excellent battery consistency can make battery packs more energy efficient and electric vehicles can have longer mileage and higher safety. Thus, in this study a comprehensive intelligent clustering methodology for the design of Li-ion battery pack on the basis of uniformity and equalization criteria of the cell was proposed. Firstly, multiple parameters (capacity, voltage, temperature and resistance) test of single cell performance was performed. Secondly, a clustering method combine with self-organizing map neural network (SOM) was proposed. Furthermore, a validation experiment (pack level) was carried out to verify the accuracy of proposed clustering algorithm. It can be concluded that the battery pack formed from SOM sorting results perform better than the battery pack having random cells combination as well as the pack originally purchased from the manufacturer.
Improved CO2 Sorption Performance of Calcium Oxide (CaO) Sorbent with Nickel Oxide Additive
Authors: Selva Kumar Vitiyaa , Hua Lee Zhi , Huey Sim Jia , Chyen Law Ser , Rahman Mohamed Abdul
Published: July 2019

Currently, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology appeared to be the most viable method to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from its existing sources. This paper reports the improved performance of calcium oxide (CaO)-based sorbents with the addition of nickel oxide (NiO) as an additive (denoted as CaO:NiO) in CO2 sorption process (CaO carbonation reaction). Pure CaO was used as benchmarked sorbent in this study. The samples were synthesized using the sol-gel method and CaO:NiO were evaluated for their performance in CaO carbonation at different sorption temperatures, from its CO2 sorption capacity, CO2 sorption rate, and kinetic performance. CaO:NiO has demonstrated an excellent CO2 sorption capacity of 0.79 mmol CO2/mmol CaO, meanwhile pure CaO exhibited lower CO2 sorption capacity of 0.61 mmol CO2/mmol CaO at 600 °C. During the chemical reaction controlled stage, the CO2 sorption rate of CaO:NiO was 0.78 mmol CO2/mmol CaO.min at 600 °C compared to pure CaO with sorption rate of 0.18 mmol CO2/mmol CaO.min. This study indicates that the addition of nickel oxide has successfully improved the CO2 sorption rate and capacity of CaO for CaO:NiO. Based on the kinetic study, it has been observed that the diffusion controlled stage has a greater resistance towards the CO2 sorption process (carbonation reaction) compared to rapid chemical reaction controlled stage. Experimental carbonation data for CaO:NiO fitted very well to the shrinking core model (SCM) with high correlation coefficient (R2 >0.936). The specific rate constants of rapid chemical reaction and diffusion-limited stages are directly proportional to the carbonation temperature. The activation energy required for CaO:NiO sorbent during the chemical reaction control stage was 31.81 kJ/mol.
Flow and Heat Transfer in Curve Channel with Cosinoidal Wave Wall Structure
Authors: Zhang L Y , Lu Z , Yang X , Wei L C , Meng X Z , Jin L W
Published: July 2019

Heat transfer rate in curve channel decreases with channel curvature since the secondary flow turns weak with the decrease of centrifugal force. In this paper, the periodical wave wall structure is introduced into curve channel for improving heat transfer rate in the curve channel with small curvature. The channel radius is not constant anymore but varies periodically based on a cosinoidal function. Three-dimensional numerical investigation was carried out to explore the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the curve-wave channel, and the effects of wave frequency and average curvature on the heat transfer performance were analysed. The results show that the heat transfer rate in curve channel can be improve up to 95.50% due to the periodical wave wall structure, while the friction factor increases by 53.94%. The effect of periodical wave wall structure gets obvious with the increase of Re. Heat transfer in curve-wave channel can be further enhanced by increasing wave frequency of channel wall. In addition, the effect of wave wall structure on heat transfer is dependent on the overall curvature of curve-wave channel and stronger for larger-curvature curve-wave channel. The performance factors of all the curve-wave channels are almost above 1, indicating that this structure can be used as an economic passive heat transfer enhancement method.
Microwave Sintering of Yttria-Stabilised Zirconia
Authors: Ting M L , Ting C H , Chin K L , Yeo W H , Jun H K , Ng C K , Singh R
Published: July 2019

3mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) ceramic is widely used as engineering material owing to its great strength. Recently, 3Y-TZP ceramic is receiving great response in dental restoration due to its bio-compatible properties and aesthetic appearance. To achieve high bulk density, high sintering temperature (> 1500 °C), low firing rate (10 °C/min) coupled with long dwelling period (2 hours) are required in conventional sintering (CS) to fabricate 3Y-TZP ceramic which resulted in high energy consumption. Therefore, non-conventional sintering technique with low energy consumption such as microwave (MW) sintering is worth to explore as almost 100 % of electromagnetic energy is converted into heat largely within the sample itself. The commercial available 3Y-TZP powder was MW fired from 1200 °C to 1400 °C. The 3Y-TZP ceramics fabricated via MW sintering was compared with those CS samples by assessing the densification and mechanical properties of the ceramics. It was revealed that the total sintering time was reduced by 75 % for microwave-sintered 3Y-TZP ceramics to achieve relative density of ∼ 98 %, Young’s modulus of ∼ 205 GPa, and Vicker’s hardness of 14.15 GPa at low sintering temperature (1200 °C) as compared to CS ceramic that required temperature above 1250 °C. However, the properties of both MW and CS-sintered ceramics are comparable when the sintering temperature exceeds 1250 °C.
Estimating the global solar radiation in Putrajaya using the Angstrom-Prescott model
Authors: Yew Tsung Kheng , Tan Rodney , Yun Ii Go
Published: July 2019

Global solar radiation (GSR) studies are essential in enhancing the use of solar PV systems especially for Building Integrated PV system (BIPV). Various studies on GSR had been carried out in Malaysia including Penang, Kuala Lumpur and Kota Bharu at the earlier stage. Afterward, data from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MET) and the Malaysian National University were used to estimate the monthly average daily global radiation for various locations in Malaysia including Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kota Baru, Senai, Bayan Lepas, Kuching and Kota Kinabalu. GSR in Putrajaya, a location which has identified to implement Malaysian Building Integrated Photovoltaic (MBIPV) projects has yet to be estimated. The conventional method to obtain the amount of GSR at a location is to install a measuring device like a pyranometer at the site to observe and document its day-to-day recordings. However, this is a time-consuming and costly practice. The models used to estimate the GSR are usually based on astronomical factors, geometrical factors, physical factors and meteorological factors. There are numerous models used to predict GSR which can be categorized based on sunshine, cloud, temperature and other meteorological parameters. Additionally, the global solar energy models can be grouped by its modelling techniques such as linear, nonlinear, artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic modelling techniques. The reviews discovered that the models used to estimate GSR were mostly correlated to sunshine duration (SD), air temperature, relative humidity and geographical parameters like latitude, longitude and altitude. In this paper, the GSR in Putrajaya is estimated from the hourly solar radiation and daily sunshine hours data from the Malaysian Meteorological Department. The data, along with the calculated monthly average daily extraterrestrial radiation on a horizontal surface and monthly average maximum possible daily sunshine is used to plot a scatter graph that is linearly fitted. The gradient and vertical axis cut-off from the linear fit is used to obtain the coefficients in the Angstrom-Prescott (A-P) model. Subsequently, the coefficients were used to estimate the GSR in Putrajaya. In line with the government’s initiative, this study will provide an estimation of the GSR in Putrajaya where the finding will be beneficial to the stakeholders, policy maker, developer and investor and energy authority. The average monthly GSR was obtained for nine out of twelve months with highest at 21.18 MJ/m2 in March and lowest at 18.34 MJ/m2 in June.
An Application of Genetic programming for Lithium-ion Battery Pack Enclosure Design: Modelling of Mass, Minimum Natural Frequency and Maximum Deformation Case
Authors: Shahin M.E. , Yun Liu , Chin C.M. M. , Gao Liang , Wang Chin-Tsan , Niu Xiaodong , Goyal Ankit , Garg Akhil
Published: July 2019

For ensuring the safety of battery pack and its enclosure, the mechanical design is crucial for generating lower deformation, lower stresses and vibrations during its actual operation. In addition, the minimum mass of battery pack is needed for lower energy consumption of pack. Therefore, the problem to be solved can be formulated as multi-objective optimization and much desire one for electric vehicle industry application. In this paper, the application of evolutionary approach of Genetic programming (GP) is illustrated for battery pack casing design considering the design requirements having higher mechanical performance. Data generated from finite element simulation was used as input in GP. The analysis concluded that the GP perform satisfactorily. GP models for three design outputs predicted the values in compare to actual values with errors RMSE and MAPE of .00154 and .00715, .000033 and 1.16, .52 and .48, respectively. These results can be used to design the battery pack enclosures. The similar models can be applied to different independent parameters to find out the possible relation in between them to correlate the results, find out the criticality of the individual parameter and then optimize the design accordingly.
Delfim-Soares explicit time marching method for modelling of ultrasonic wave in microalgae pre-treatment
Authors: Yen Tey Wah , Moon Lee Kiat , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Asako Yutaka
Published: July 2019

Ultrasonic wave is one of the most popular pre-treatment methods of lipid extraction in microalgae, due to its low energy supply requirement, eco-friendliness and excellent cell disruption capability. Although quite some number of experimental works were reported, the numerical modelling of the ultrasonic wave in understanding the working principle of ultrasonic irradiation is limited so far, as to the knowledge of authors. The modelling is required for a more robust pre-treatment optimisation. Therefore, in current work, the numerical model of ultrasonic wave and its cavitation has been developed using the Delfim-Soares explicit time marching method (DSETM), which is proposed in recent years to solve structural vibration problem. The two dimensional wave equation in ultrasonic scale has been solved with the frequency of 20 kHz, 40 kHz and 60 Hz. Moreover, Rayleigh-Plesset equation is solved using the same method too to predict the growth of the radius of bubble due to different initial radius. It is found that higher wave frequency will not improve the speed of cavitation, but instead it can decrease the wavelength to increase the possibility of cavitation process occurrance in enhancing the pre-treatment efficiency.
Effects of Split-Main Injection Ratios on Diesel Combustion and Soot Emission Performance
Authors: Chong J Y , Poon H M , Tan C , Saw L H
Published: July 2019

In this study, three-dimensional simulations are performed to determine the effects of split-main injection ratios on the soot formation process in a single-cylinder, light-duty, direct-injection diesel engine. Here, a multi-component diesel surrogate model is used to represent the actual diesel fuel and the effects of variations in fuel injection ratios, such as single-injection scheme, split-main injection scheme with ratios of 75-25, and 60-40, on the diesel combustion and soot formation predictions are investigated. It is found out that the use of split-main injection ratio of 60-40 is able to achieve the lowest soot emissions as compared to the others owing to its higher soot oxidation rate.
Experimental investigation on electro-thermal characteristics of the commercial Li-ion battery
Authors: Wei L C , Zhang L Y , Yang X , Lu Z , Meng X Z , Jin L W , Cao F
Published: July 2019

As the most commonly used power battery in electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery is sensitive to the operation temperature. The performance and lifespan of lithium-ion battery are strongly dependent on its working temperature. Various thermal management systems have been developed to maintain batteries’ operating temperature within an appropriate range. A properly designed thermal management system relies upon the understanding of battery’s heat-generation characteristics and the temperature effect on its discharging performance. In this research, an experimental investigation is carried out to study the electro-thermal characteristics of the commercial prismatic ternary lithium-ion battery under three thermal conditions. Constant temperature condition is built to explore the effect of the operating temperature, while near-adiabatic condition and natural-convection condition are employed to study the heat-generation characteristics of lithium-ion battery. The results show that the effect of operating temperature on discharge performance becomes more pronounced as the discharge rate increases. It is found that the surface temperature decreases when the battery discharges at small rates within the capacity ranged from 17Ah to 27Ah, demonstrating that the reversible heat makes up a large proportion of battery heat generation.
Flow and dispersion simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Case Study for EduCity in Iskandar Malaysia
Authors: Ng Jo-Han , Navarednam Shawn , Yao Wong Kang , Tung Chong Cheng
Published: July 2019

Urbanisation has brought about various changes in the rural landscape, leading to a change in urban wind flow and pollutant dispersion. In this study, the flow and pollutant dispersion in a newly populated education hub, EduCity in Iskandar Malaysia are simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In order to ensure accuracy of the numerical simulation, Geographical Informational System (GIS) data was used to replicate the terrain of the region, while the main buildings of the education hub were measured to a high level of detail. The inlet boundary conditions utilised the power law to describe the reference velocity-height relationship, while sand grain roughness and density of vegetation were also taken into account. In order to validate the simulation, wind conditions at three different locations within EduCity were measured and the maximum deviation of 3.45% were observed across various location-time combinations. Upon validation of the integrated model, upstream wind velocity was varied, while pollutant profiles and wind directions were fixed for the urban flow and pollutant dispersion simulations. From the results, it is shown that upstream wind velocities greatly change the localised characteristics of wind and pollutant flows, although limited by the constraints of the physical configurations of the buildings. The results show that CFD simulations can be used to manage the air qualities in education hubs, and helps dictates the planning of urban development.
Transition and Motion Sensing System with Nintendo Wiimote and Infra-Red LEDs Array
Authors: Raman M Nazri A , Chin Hock Goh , Roslan Nurzanariah , Hamidah A Hamid Saidatul , Ferdous Nayla
Published: July 2019

In this work, a gesture and motion sensing system is explored with the Nintendo Wiimote and infra-red LEDs array. With the eminent Nintendo Wiimote controller, the personal computers and terminals can be connected to the system easily via Bluetooth wireless communication system. Although there are many devices that can be used to track the gesture and motion, they are able to connect to another device easily. The developed system is capable of making different applications as the interfacing problem has resolve. C# programming language is used to develop the graphical user interface and the mathematical algorithm. In order to verify the developed system, the transition of presentation slide is tested. By adjusting the sensitivity and threshold via mathematical formula, the gesture and motion sensing system is working excellently.
How stable are preferences among emerging electricity generation technologies
Authors: Yang Yanran , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Fischhoff Baruch
Published: July 2019

Coal-fired power plants with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), natural-gas-fired power plants with CCS, and Small Modular Reactors (SMR) are potentially important emerging energy technologies that could help mitigate climate change and contribute to a low-carbon future. Public opinion and preferences towards these technologies will affect their adoption when they are technologically ready to be implemented. This study examines the nature and stability of public preferences among these options. We find that participants have internally consistent preferences, when tested in several ways. Overall, they prefer SMRs to natural gas with CCS to coal with CCS. On a group level, these preferences depend on the choice alternatives, but not on how fully the technologies are described nor how far away a hypothetical power plant would be sited. On the individual level, preferences are related to participants’ perceptions of the technology and their political ideology. Our findings suggest that presenting the three technologies together will produce the most balanced, informed judgment, with the least influence of political ideology.
Analytic capacity and holomorphic motions
Authors: Pouliasis Stamatis , Ransford Thomas , Younsi Malik
Published: July 2019

We study the behavior of the analytic capacity of a compact set under deformations obtained by families of conformal maps depending holomorphically on the complex parameter. We show that, under those deformations, the logarithm of the analytic capacity varies harmonically. We also show that the hypotheses in this result cannot be substantially weakened.
Evaluation of gravimetric-based technology-assisted workflow for nonhazardous sterile product preparation
Authors: Bucci Tyler G , Hedrick Tanner L , Roberts Patricia A , Lin Kinny , South Mark D , Willoughby Ian R , Eckel Stephen F , Hess Elizabeth T , Eberwein Samuel , Amerine Lindsey B
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The impact of a gravimetric-based technology-assisted workflow (TAWF) system on the nonhazardous compounded sterile product (CSP) error capture rate, production times, and pharmacy staff perceptions of compounding methods was evaluated.

Methods

For 2 weeks prior to TAWF implementation, staff used a punch clock to document production times with a volumetric method. Preimplementation error data were captured in a previous study; TAWF software captured error and time data in the postimplementation period. An online staff survey was administered before and 90 days after TAWF implementation to evaluate perceptions of the 2 methods.

Results

The error capture rates were 0.47% in the preimplementation period and 41.48% in the postimplementation period. The median time to prepare CSPs was significantly shorter in the preimplementation period versus the postimplementation period (p < 0.0001). The median time to check CSPs was significantly shorter at both 90 days (p < 0.0001) and 180 days (p = 0.0006) after TAWF implementation. When asked if the current method was the safest and the most accurate method for preparation, staff members’ perceptions improved from neutrality to agreement when the TAWF was implemented. Staff members were in agreement that the volumetric method was faster than the gravimetric TAWF method but were neutral as to whether the latter was the preferred compounding method.

Conclusion

The study results indicated that gravimetric-based TAWF preparation of nonhazardous CSPs is slower than manual volumetric preparation but can improve the error capture rate. Staff perceived the gravimetric TAWF method to be the safest and most accurate for producing CSPs.
circDeep: deep learning approach for circular RNA classification from other long non-coding RNA
Authors: Chaabane Mohamed , Williams Robert M , Stephens Austin T , Park Juw Won
Published: July 2019

Motivation

Over the past two decades, a circular form of RNA (circular RNA), produced through alternative splicing, has become the focus of scientific studies due to its major role as a microRNA (miRNA) activity modulator and its association with various diseases including cancer. Therefore, the detection of circular RNAs is vital to understanding their biogenesis and purpose. Prediction of circular RNA can be achieved in three steps: distinguishing non-coding RNAs from protein coding gene transcripts, separating short and long non-coding RNAs and predicting circular RNAs from other long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the available tools are less than 80 percent accurate for distinguishing circular RNAs from other lncRNAs due to difficulty of classification. Therefore, the availability of a more accurate and fast machine learning method for the identification of circular RNAs, which considers the specific features of circular RNA, is essential to the development of systematic annotation.

Results

Here we present an End-to-End deep learning framework, circDeep, to classify circular RNA from other lncRNA. circDeep fuses an RCM descriptor, ACNN-BLSTM sequence descriptor and a conservation descriptor into high level abstraction descriptors, where the shared representations across different modalities are integrated. The experiments show that circDeep is not only faster than existing tools but also performs at an unprecedented level of accuracy by achieving a 12 percent increase in accuracy over the other tools.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/UofLBioinformatics/circDeep.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Variation in tail morphology across urban and forest populations of the crested anole (Anolis cristatellus)
Authors: Prado-Irwin Sofia R , Revell Liam J , Winchell Kristin M
Published: July 2019

Anolis lizards are well known for their specialist ecomorphs characterized by the convergent evolution of suites of traits linked to the use of particular microhabitats. Many of these same traits evolve rapidly in response to novel selection pressures and have been very well studied. In contrast, the tail crest, a feature present in a subset of lineages, has been almost entirely overlooked. Variation in tail crest morphology within and among species remains largely unstudied, as does the function of the trait. Here, we use the natural experiment provided by urbanization to ask whether tail crest size differs between urban and forest populations of the crested anole (Anolis cristatellus) across the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. We find that tail crest size differs primarily between regions; however, within regions, crests are invariably larger in urban than in forest environments. This difference in size is correlated with the hotter, drier conditions and sparser distribution of perches that typify urban sites, leading to the intriguing possibility that the tail crest might be under differential natural selection for signalling and/or because of the thermoregulatory challenge of urban habitats. Further study is required to shed light on the functional significance and evolution of this under-studied trait.
Chronic Conditions, Medically Supportive Care Partners, And Functional Disability Among Cognitively Impaired Adults
Authors: Van Ness Peter H , MacNeil Vroomen Janet , Leo-Summers Linda , Vander Wyk Brent , Allore Heather G
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives

To assess whether medically supportive care partners modify the associations of symptomatic chronic conditions with the number of functional disabilities in a cohort of multimorbid older adults with cognitive impairment.

Research Design and Methods

The research design is a prospective study of a nationally representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries. National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data were linked with Medicare claims for years 2011–2015. Participants were aged 65 or older and had cognitive impairment with at least 2 chronic conditions (N = 1,003). Annual in-person interviews obtained sociodemographic information at baseline and time-varying variables for caregiving, hospitalization, and 6 activities of daily living (ADL); these variables were merged with Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services data to ascertain 16 time-varying chronic conditions. A care partner was defined as a person who sat with their care recipient during doctor visits in the past year and/or who helped them with prescribed medications in the last month. Chronic condition associations and their potential effect modifications by care partner status were assessed using weighted generalized estimating equations accounting for the complex survey design of the longitudinal analytical sample.

Results

Chronic kidney disease, depression, and heart failure were associated with an increased number of functional disabilities. Among these, only the association of chronic kidney disease with the number of functional disabilities (interaction p value = .001) was weakened by the presence of a care partner.

Discussion and Implications

The presence of care partners showed limited modification of the associations of symptomatic chronic conditions with functional disability.
Constitutional amendment in Laos
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son
Published: July 2019

Laos, a socialist state in Southeast Asia, adopted an amended Constitution in 2015. This article investigates and explains this experience from the perspective of comparative constitutional amendment, supported by a qualitative empirical methodology: extensive formal interviews with several local constitutional amenders and informal conversations with a local lawyer and several legal scholars. It argues that Laos has introduced progressive constitutional amendments—notably, the redefinition of the position, structure, and functions of state institutions, including the imposition of term limits on executive power holders; strengthened commitment to a market economy; new commitments to human rights protection, judicial independence, and adversarial trials; and the creation of new institutions, namely, the local people’s councils, the state audit, and the election committee—to facilitate the improvement of its socialist constitutional system which in turn will promote the improvement of the material well-being of the living conditions of local people.
Body Composition in Pediatric Solid Tumors: State of the Science and Future Directions
Authors: Joffe Lenat , Schadler Keri L , Shen Wei , Ladas Elena J
Published: July 2019

Sarcopenia (severe skeletal muscle wasting) and sarcopenic obesity (skeletal muscle wasting in the setting of excess fat) have been increasingly recognized as important prognostic indicators in adult oncology. Unfavorable changes in lean and adipose tissue masses manifest early in therapy and are associated with altered chemotherapy metabolism as well as increased treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Existing literature addresses the role of body composition in children with hematologic malignancies; however, data is lacking among solid tumor patients. Advances in imaging techniques for quantification of tissue compartments potentiate further investigation in this highly understudied area of pediatric oncology. The following review presents an in-depth discussion of body composition analysis and its potential role in the care of pediatric solid tumor patients. Integration of body tissue measurement into standard practice has broad clinical implications and may improve quality of life and treatment outcomes in this at-risk population.
A Global Strategy for Building Clinical Capacity and Advancing Research in the Context of Malnutrition and Cancer in Children within Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ladas Elena J , Gunter Marc , Huybrechts Inge , Barr Ronald
Published: July 2019

Cancer is one of the prominent noncommunicable diseases and is responsible for more than 8 million deaths each year worldwide. It is expected to impact up to 22 million people annually by 2030, and more than 60% of new patient cases will be in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Despite improvements in the delivery of care to children in low- and middle-income countries, survival of those with cancer is as low as 10%; a figure that is in stark contrast to overall childhood cancer survival rates in North America and Western Europe. Although many factors are contributing to this disparity, access to well-educated health-care workers, knowledgeable in both antineoplastic and supportive care, particularly nutritional assessment and therapy, is necessary for effective treatment and reduced morbidities of children with cancer. To this end, we identify approaches for advancing nutritional care such as building nutritional capacity and education as well as advancing rigorous nutritional science through the establishment of multicountry research groups among pediatric oncology units located in low- and middle-income countries.
The Theopoetic Reduction: Suspending the Supernatural Signified
Authors: Caputo John D
Published: July 2019

Theopoetics represents a reinterpretation of theology which relieves it of its supernaturalism and thereby allows theology to adopt its proper discursive mode and find its proper truth. In theopoetics, the classical distinction between the natural light of reason and the supernatural light of revelation is reinterpreted as a distinction between a prosaic discourse and a poetic one. In the language of phenomenology, a theopoetics is made possible by an epoche which suspends the supernatural attitude in order to allow us to adopt the theopoetic attitude, by a reduction of the supernaturalism in theology which leads us back (reducere) to the matter itself (die Sache selbst) of theology, which is the poetics. The poetics is an alternate discourse which brings to words the lived experience of the call by which we are addressed in the narratives and songs, the figures and the forms of theology’s founding texts. The reduction releases these texts from the grip of supernatural assumptions by which they are mystified and distorted. It releases the proper power of these images and narratives, which is not magical or supernatural, but strictly, rigourously theopoetic.
Full-sky lensing reconstruction of 21 cm intensity maps
Authors: Chakraborty Priyesh , Pullen Anthony R
Published: July 2019

Weak gravitational lensing of the 21 cm radiation is expected to be an important cosmological probe for post-reionization physics. We investigate the reconstruction of the matter density perturbations using a quadratic minimum variance estimator. The next generation of line intensity mapping (LIM) surveys such as HIRAX and CHIME will cover a larger sky fraction, which requires one to account for the curvature in the sky. Thus, we extend the plane-parallel flat-sky formalism for lensing reconstruction to account for a full-sky survey using the spherical Fourier–Bessel (SFB) expansion. Using the HIRAX 21 cm survey as a basis, we make predictions for lensing-reconstruction noise in our formalism and compare our results with the predictions from the plane-parallel formalism. We find agreement with the plane-parallel noise power spectrum at small scales and a significant deviation at scales L ≲ ℓres − keqR, where R is the radius of the shell volume, keq is the wavenumber for matter–radiation equality, and ℓres is the angular resolution scale. Furthermore, we derive the SFB flat-sky reconstruction noise and compare it with the full-sky SFB case as well as the plane-parallel case, finding minor deviations from the full-sky noise due to sphericity. We also determine that, in the absence of non-Gaussian statistics of the intensity field but accounting for foregrounds, the signal-to-noise ratio for $C_\ell ^{\phi \phi }$ using our SFB estimator increases by over 100 per cent. This shows that accounting for the curved sky in LIM weak lensing will be crucial for large-scale cosmology.
Planetary magnetic field control of ion escape from weakly magnetized planets
Authors: Egan Hilary , Jarvinen Riku , Ma Yingjuan , Brain David
Published: July 2019

Intrinsic magnetic fields have long been thought to shield planets from atmospheric erosion via stellar winds; however, the influence of the plasma environment on atmospheric escape is complex. Here we study the influence of a weak intrinsic dipolar planetary magnetic field on the plasma environment and subsequent ion escape from a Mars-sized planet in a global three-dimensional hybrid simulation. We find that increasing the strength of a planet’s magnetic field enhances ion escape until the magnetic dipole’s standoff distance reaches the induced magnetosphere boundary. After this point increasing the planetary magnetic field begins to inhibit ion escape. This reflects a balance between shielding of the Southern hemisphere from ‘misaligned’ ion pickup forces and trapping of escaping ions by an equatorial plasmasphere. Thus, the planetary magnetic field associated with the peak ion escape rate is critically dependent on the stellar wind pressure. Where possible we have fit power laws for the variation of fundamental parameters (escape rate, escape power, polar cap opening angle, and effective interaction area) with magnetic field, and assessed upper and lower limits for the relationships.
NSUN2 introduces 5-methylcytosines in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs
Authors: Van Haute Lindsey , Lee Song-Yi , McCann Beverly J , Powell Christopher A , Bansal Dhiru , Vasiliauskaitė Lina , Garone Caterina , Shin Sanghee , Kim Jong-Seo , Frye Michaela , Gleeson Joseph G , Miska Eric A , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Minczuk Michal
Published: July 2019

Expression of human mitochondrial DNA is indispensable for proper function of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. The mitochondrial genome encodes 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and 11 mRNAs and their post-transcriptional modification constitutes one of the key regulatory steps during mitochondrial gene expression. Cytosine-5 methylation (m5C) has been detected in mitochondrial transcriptome, however its biogenesis has not been investigated in details. Mammalian NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase Family Member 2 (NSUN2) has been characterized as an RNA methyltransferase introducing m5C in nuclear-encoded tRNAs, mRNAs and microRNAs and associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, with pathogenic variants in NSUN2 being linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we employ spatially restricted proximity labelling and immunodetection to demonstrate that NSUN2 is imported into the matrix of mammalian mitochondria. Using three genetic models for NSUN2 inactivation—knockout mice, patient-derived fibroblasts and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in human cells—we show that NSUN2 is necessary for the generation of m5C at positions 48, 49 and 50 of several mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs. Finally, we show that inactivation of NSUN2 does not have a profound effect on mitochondrial tRNA stability and oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. We discuss the importance of the newly discovered function of NSUN2 in the context of human disease.
Cancer collection efforts in the United States provide clinically relevant data on all primary brain and other CNS tumors
Authors: Kruchko Carol , Gittleman Haley , Ruhl Jennifer , Hofferkamp Jim , Ward Elizabeth M , Ostrom Quinn T , Sherman Recinda L , Jones Sandra F , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Wilson Reda J
Published: July 2019

Cancer surveillance is critical for monitoring the burden of cancer and the progress in cancer control. The accuracy of these data is important for decision makers and others who determine resource allocation for cancer prevention and research. In the United States, cancer registration is conducted according to uniform data standards, which are updated and maintained by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Underlying cancer registration efforts is a firm commitment to ensure that data are accurate, complete, and reflective of current clinical practices. Cancer registries ultimately depend on medical records that are generated for individual patients by clinicians to record newly diagnosed cases. For the cancer registration of brain and other CNS tumors, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States is the self-appointed guardian of these data. In 2017, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States took the initiative to promote the inclusion of molecular markers found in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System into information collected by cancer registries. The complexities of executing this latest objective are presented according to the cancer registry standard-setting organizations whose collection practices for CNS tumors are directly affected.
Dual-Process Models in Sociology
Authors: Leschziner Vanina
Published: July 2019

In the ongoing quest to find new analytical or methodological tools to explicate social action, cultural sociologists have recently turned to the dual-process models developed by cognitive and social psychologists. Designed to explain the two basic types of cognitive processing—one autonomous and the other requiring controlled attention, dual-process models became a natural partner for sociological theories of action, with their interest in parsing dispositional and deliberative types of action. This chapter offers an analytical review of the sociological literature that engages with dual-process models. It begins with an outline of the fundamentals of dual-process models in cognitive and social psychology, and follows with an examination of the premises that constitute what has come to be called the sociological dual-process model. It then reviews sociological research that applies dual-process models, dividing this literature into two distinct groups that are separated along sharp epistemological, methodological, and analytical lines. The first group is a largely consistent body of work that follows the premises of the sociological dual-process model, emphasizing the primacy of Type 1 processing, and investigating how this form of cognition shapes action. The second group comprises a more diverse body of work, examines Type 1 and Type 2 processing, and attempts to capture the processes that shape cognition and action. The chapter concludes with remarks about the critiques raised against dual-process models, along with their potential contributions to sociological analysis.
Perceiving and Enacting Authentic Identities
Authors: Williams J. Patrick
Published: July 2019

This chapter maps out a symbolic interactionist conception of authenticity as it relates to identity and identification. It begins by distinguishing between the phenomenological concept of self-authenticity and the interactional concept of identity authenticity. Emphasizing the latter, it discuss the significance of essentialism, categories, and boundaries in framing authenticity, followed by a focus on the processes and criteria through which authentic identities are constructed and assessed by members of many different identity categories. Drawing on a diverse range of scholarship from fields such as cognitive anthropology, social psychology, sociolinguistics, and sociology, it highlights the cognitive, cultural, and interactional processes involved in identity authentication and shows how they are tied to one another in mutually reinforcing ways.
Embodied Cognition
Authors: Cerulo Karen A.
Published: July 2019

Embodied cognition theory has become central to contemporary sociologists who theorize and empirically study the mechanics of thinking. Those applying this approach to thought treat meaning-making as quite distinct from the processes described in abstract representational models of cognition. Moving beyond sole considerations of neural operations, embodied cognition theory views meaning-making as deeply entwined in the body’s experience with surrounding environments. To fully unpack the importance of this shift in studying thought, this chapter begins by exploring the roots of embodied cognition theory; it then traces its rather recent entry into the sociological literature. The chapter moves on to summarize the growing number of empirical sociological works informed by embodied cognition theory, and it touches on the methodological debates surrounding work in this area. The chapter concludes by suggesting ways in which sociology can forward the embodied cognition project.
Rescoring Anything Goes in 1930s Hollywood
Authors: Robbins Allison
Published: July 2019

This chapter concludes the volume with a study of Hollywood’s commercial approach to making musicals. Focusing on the 1936 movie adaptation of Anything Goes, the chapter looks at its production environment, one in which interpolations were common, song sales mattered more than wit, and risqué content was frowned upon, a combination that proved deadly for Porter’s score. Although some of Porter’s songs were retained, the studio’s music department head Nathaniel Finston assigned Leo Robin, Richard Whiting, and several others to write some new numbers for the film. In the context of a Hollywood in which studios capitalized on purchasing publishing companies and then copyrighting new songs by (usually, staff) Hollywood songwriters to in-house publishing firms, it is unsurprising for the chapter to conclude that faithful film adaptations are unlikely. Hollywood was devoted to commercial music while Broadway was divorced from it; and fidelity to Broadway’s canonized songwriters ran contrary to the commercial goals of Hollywood’s tunesmiths. Such tensions run throughout this book and help to explain the culture behind the unsettling but fascinating phenomenon of the stage-to-screen musical adaptation.
Refashioning Roberta
Authors: Block Geoffrey
Published: July 2019

This chapter examines the adaptation of Jerome Kern’s Roberta from its origins as a novel into first a stage musical and then a film. The chapter notes that the movie Roberta provides an early and much-overlooked blueprint for how to adapt stage musicals into screen musicals. For example, it observes that the film achieves a manageable length while allowing audiences to hear most of the score of the stage Roberta, either as a song (sometimes sung by a different character) or as generous orchestral background music, plus several new songs. Despite also having to accommodate the specific talents of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers (thus making it a double star vehicle as well as a Broadway-Hollywood adaptation), the film’s treatment of the music adds up to something extraordinary and may illustrate a phenomenon that would not be repeated in a film adaptation of a Broadway stage musical until Bob Fosse’s reimagining of Hal Prince’s Cabaret in 1972.