bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorbing upper surface simulations on the SEAM Variable-Density Acoustic Model
Authors: Fehler Michael
Published: November 2012

In the June 2010 issue of The Leading Edge, we reported the successful completion of the SEAM Phase I project. However, we have been fortunate to receive additional financial support from the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) to conduct simulations on the existing variable-density acoustic model and the development of resistivity, shear-wave, and tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) parameters for the existing SEAM model. RPSEA will also support the simulation of acquisitions on the new models. We previously reported (TLE, February 2010) on the development of the nonseismic (controlled-source electromagnetic, magnetotelluric, and gravity) models used for simulations conducted as part of the RPSEA-supported effort. We now report on simulations we conducted on the existing SEAM Phase I variable-density acoustic model where the free upper surface is replaced with an absorbing upper surface (AUS). These simulations complement a modest AUS data set that was simulated as part of the SEAM Phase I project and reported on in the October 2009 issue of TLE.
Collaboration and trends in Geophysics
Authors: Hall Matt
Published: November 2012

Social network analysis is a branch of graph theory, the branch of pure mathematics which many associate with Paul Erdös (1913–96), the eccentric Hungarian über-geek of 20th century mathematics. Well-connected mathematicians are proud of their so-called Erdös number, the degrees of separation between themselves and the great man (an Erdös number of 2, for example, means one has authored a paper with one of Erdös' 511 coauthors). But the foundations of graph theory were laid two centuries before by another genius, Leonard Euler (1707–83) of Switzerland.
Governance reform: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Koster Klaas
Published: November 2012

The proposal to bring reform of the Society's governance structure to a vote of Active Members was narrowly defeated in the Council meeting during the SEG International Exposition and 80th Annual Meeting. The magnitude of the proposed changes has resulted in some misunderstanding of the overall purpose of the initiative. In addition, many members are undoubtedly interested in the forward-moving plan. I will attempt here to provide clarity, starting with these points: • The effort to bring governance reform to a vote included three years of study and development by the SEG Constitution and Bylaws Strategic Governance Review Committee, led initially by me and more recently by Joe Reilly. The committee engaged Council members and other Society leaders throughout this time before bringing forward a proposal for new Bylaws to replace the current SEG Constitution and Bylaws. The SEG Executive Committee endorsed the proposal before submitting it to the Council. • A majority of Council members attending the meeting voted in favor of sending the proposal to a vote of Active Members. However, a two-thirds majority was required, and the measure fell two votes short of that threshold. There were 39 votes in favor and 22 opposed. Council representatives from Texas, Colorado, and Louisiana led opposition to the proposal. Only 61 of the 103 Council members were present, not counting then-President Steve Hill, who could have voted only if his vote affected the outcome. • SEG Council affirmation would not have meant enactment of the proposal. Rather, it would have provided all SEG Active Members a vote on the matter. It will take a majority vote by the Active Members to enact any changes. • Effort to reform the Society's governance structure will continue, as the need for reform is recognized even by many who opposed the proposal presented this year.
Geophysics in Thailand
Authors: Duerrast Helmut
Published: November 2012

On 11–13 November 2010, more than 150 participants from four different continents assembled at the 5th International Conference on Applied Geophysics in Phuket, Thailand, a city better known as the “Pearl of the Andaman Sea.” During the conference the weather was unusually rainy for that time of the year, but the atmosphere inside the Club Andaman Beach Resort, the conference venue near Patong beach, was vibrant.
Foundation News
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: November 2012

What do you get when you combine visual and auditory learning styles, an authoritative source, years of research, and the latest topics in geophysics? If you said SEG's Honorary and Distinguished Lecture programs, then you have the right answer! SEG has long promoted the real-time exchange of recent technical advances with its Distinguished Lecture (DL) program, which has been a premier program for face-to-face geophysical technology exchange for the past 50 years. Each year, two Distinguished Lecturers are chosen to present their topic 30-plus times at North American and global locations, each reaching more than 1500 geophysics professionals and students. Selection as an SEG DL is a high professional honor.
Memorials
Authors: Clark Dean , Keydar Shemer , Landa Evgeny , Treitel Sven , Tygel Martin
Published: November 2012

Memorials for: Alf Klaveness Boris Gelchinsky
Signals
Authors: Stewart Robert
Published: November 2012

Signals are letters to the editor submitted by readers of The Leading Edge.
Sections/Associated Societies Focus
Authors: Krawczyk Charlotte
Published: November 2012

The SEG Executive Committee, at its meeting in May, approved a petition by the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft e.V. (DGG; German Geo-physical Society) to become an SEG Section/Associated Society. The first joint activity between the societies will be the Near-surface Honorary Lecture by Rick Miller on 1 October 2012 in Berlin followed by one on 3 October 2012 in Hannover. DGG is actually eight years older than SEG. It was founded in 1922 by a group of geophysicists associated with famed seismologist Emil Wiechert, and is the principal professional society of the geophysical community in Germany. DGG currently has 1100 active members in 34 countries; this includes students and professionals as well as individual and corporate memberships.
Early re-presentations and the potential role of catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients diagnosed with a lower limb deep vein thrombosis: a single-centre experience
Authors: Chandra E , Ahmadi M , Bailey M A , Griffin K J , Berridge D C , Coughlin P A , Scott D J A
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) restores venous patency, reduces the risk of the post-thrombotic syndrome and may reduce longer term treatment costs. This study assessed the potential role of CDT in patients with DVT with regard to representation following the index event.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients with a positive lower limb DVT scan. Potential suitability of each patient to undergo CDT was based on well-recognized inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results

In total, 1689 patients underwent a DVT-specific lower limb venous duplex. A total of 269 were found to have a DVT. Fifty-three of these patients met the inclusion criteria for CDT (only 2 underwent CDT). Fifty-nine of the 269 patients with an index DVT re-presented to our institution with a venous thromboembolism-related clinical event. These patients were significantly younger than those who did not reattend. A higher proportion of patients who represented were deemed suitable for CDT for the index DVT compared with those who did not represent (17/59 versus 36/210; P = 0.04).

Conclusion

This pragmatic study highlights the fact that significant number of patients return to secondary care with actual/perceived complications following initial diagnosis and treatment of a DVT which may have been amenable to CDT.
Migration and radical constructivist epistemology
Authors: Canaparo Claudio
Published: November 2012

This article aims to explore the philosophical basis of classical radical constructivism (Piaget, Glasersfeld, Maturana) in the light of migration issues, with a general interest in the issue of housing theory (space) and the recent generated debate about constructivism therein. Thus,
the article investigates three aspects of constructivism.First, the sense of ‘realm’ and, therefore, the notion of reality and realism in relation to both a physical world and a notion of knowledge or, more specifically, to what isknowledgeable; second, the problem of the so-called
theory-laden issue, that is, the operational basis of theories; and finally, naturalism or, more specifically, the fact that there is a domain of actual things, a form of present, which always acquires a status in relation to government and/or State’s and corporate authorities. What
interest us in this context is to propose a conceptual alternative with which to think through the notion of migration considered, in the context of humanities and social sciences, where a relativist sense of knowledge has been pushed to the extreme. We will also explore the consequences of
the interactions between migration considered as a physical domain and as a conceptual domain.
Displaced audio: Exploring soundscapes in Maghrebi-French film-making
Authors: Higbee Will
Published: November 2012

The article examines the use of sound in Maghrebi-French film-making since the early 1980s, arguing for a greater need to explore the role of the soundtrack and music in this area of contemporary French/francophone cinema, as well as in diasporic and postcolonial cinema more generally.
The article analyses a range of films by Maghrebi-French directors, characterized by what might be termed ‘displaced audio’. Particular attention will be paid to the concepts of accented voice and heteroglossia, the layering and displacement of sound, and the subversion of more
Eurocentric associations of music in film as an ethnic marker.
A‘country boy’ migrates to Brixton – re-examining agency, identity and memory in and through Black Joy
Authors: Shaw Sally
Published: November 2012

Focused on the British film Black Joy (Simmons, 1977), this article draws on archival material and recent interviews with both Jamal Ali, the radical black poet-playwright who wrote the heavily autobiographical screenplay for the film – concerned with the travails of Benjamin,
a young man who has migrated from Guyana to Brixton (London) – and members of the public who saw the film on its London release. The aim is to argue that the making, marketing and subsequent reception of Black  Joy reveal much about notions of creative agency, diasporic identities
and cultural memory. Director Anthony Simmons’ intention to ‘show the reality of life in an immigrant area’ meant that the screening of Black Joy was eagerly anticipated by local black cinema audiences who, however, had also seen Black Joy’s figure of the migrant ‘country
boy’ in the Jamaican film The Harder They Come (Henzell, 1972). Thus, as this article goes on to demonstrate these black audiences compared the ‘authenticity’ of diasporic representations in both films and found Black Joy problematical; the ensuing negative responses
to Simmons’ film, in the black community and the black radical press, lead to Ali being shunned by his community. Ultimately,this article explores the hidden history of Black Joy, which reveals a struggle over notions of ‘home’ in both the process of its making and its reception
by blacks.
Close encounters of a migrant kind: Of mirages,peripheries and orthodoxies
Authors: Maty Bâ Saër
Published: November 2012

This article studies human migration in relation to ‘Europe’ and ‘Africa’ (as ideas, spaces and places) via the problematic of Eurocentrism. Its premise is a strong sense that the emerging European populations will soon be those whose heritage is from the South,
who have grown up with and continuously access knowledge about different types of non-European cinemas, who view differently configured visual references, who bring a potential for new knowledge to film/visual culture studies. Specifically,the article experiments with three encounters –
UK (United Kingdom) academia, so-called peripheral cinema, and historical connections between Europe and Africa – through wide factual contexts, specific historical trajectories and the notion of diaspora,so as to place migration studies and film/visual culture studies in dialogue. At
the same time, it rejects liberalism and fundamentalism, and questions methodological orthodoxy in studies of human migration. The article is a (methodological) contact zone that draws from varied sources, including Derrida’s notion of contretemps/being out of step; Paul Feyerabend’s
(in)famous concept of ‘anything goes’ (essential to enriching one’s look at the material of history); Slavoj Žižek’s take on fatality as a critical notion; film theory and migration theory; European histories; and African philosophers. Thus, the article
attempts to make disciplines borderless, while calling for ‘film’ to be repositioned within the wider field of ‘visual culture’ so that, between it (i.e. film) and migration, multiple transformative border crossings, rather than the usual splits and retreats into fortified
(sub-)discipline(d) camps, may take place.
REVIEWS
Authors: Kenyon Alexandra J. , Lashley Conrad , Thomassen Lasse
Published: November 2012

ALCOHOL, DRINKING, DRUNKENNESS: (DIS)ORDERLY SPACES, MARK JAYNE, GILL VALENTINE AND SARAH L. HOLLOWAY (2012)Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 168 pp.,ISBN: 9780754671602, p/bk, £50

THE THREE LEVELS OF SUSTAINABILITY, ELENA CAVAGNARO AND GEORGE CURIEL (2012) Sheffield: Greenleaf
Publishing, 328 pp.,ISBN: 978 1 906093 68 6, p/bk, £21.95

DERRIDA AND HOSPITALITY: THEORY AND PRACTICE, JUDITH STILL (2010) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, vii + 294 pp.,ISBN 978-0-74864-027-0, h/bk, £75
Politische Philosophie des Judentums und Globalisierung
Authors: Brumlik Micha
Published: November 2012

Is rabbinic Judaism as a religious philosophy basically critical of the state as a form of human life? Does it contain an ethics of cohabitation with non-Jews? The paper argues that rabbinical Judaism is essentially in favor of states, but against a special Jewish state. The rabbinic principle “Dina de Malkhut Dina” (“The law of the Kingdom is valid and binding”) combined with the universalistic principles of the “noahidic covenant” is the adequate formula for statehood in the era of globalization. Concerning modern Jewish philosophy the paper argues that Leo Strauss fulfills the requirements of a political philosophy, while the thought of Emmanuel Levinas remains in the moral domain.
Exploring an Alternative Model of Human Reproductive Capability: A Creative Learning Activity
Authors: Cherif Abour H. , Jedlicka Dianne M.
Published: November 2012

Biological and social evolutionary processes, along with social and cultural developments, have allowed humans to separate procreation from pleasurable/recreational sexual activity. As a class learning project, an alternative, hypothetical reproductive scenario is presented: “What if humans were biologically ready to conceive only during one period each year?” Discussion is followed by small-group or individual research on the possible effects of this scenario on human reproductive response and its further effects on human life, society, and civilization. An important purpose of the activity is to stimulate active learning through small-group interaction, communication, and research.
Growth of a Pine Tree
Authors: Rollinson Susan Wells
Published: November 2012

The growth of a pine tree is examined by preparing “tree cookies” (cross-sectional disks) between whorls of branches. The use of Christmas trees allows the tree cookies to be obtained with inexpensive, commonly available tools. Students use the tree cookies to investigate the annual growth of the tree and how it corresponds to the number of whorls on the tree. Height–diameter and height–age relationships are also investigated. While aimed at high school classes, the procedure can be adapted for younger students.
Multidisciplinary Inquiry-Based Investigation Learning Using an Ex Ovo Chicken Culture Platform: Role of Vitamin A on Embryonic Morphogenesis
Authors: Buskohl Philip R. , Gould Russell A. , Curran Susan , Archer Shivaun D. , Butcher Jonathan T.
Published: November 2012

Embryonic development offers a unique perspective on the function of many biological processes because of embryos’ heightened sensitivity to environmental factors. This hands-on lesson investigates the effects of elevated vitamin A on the morphogenesis of chicken embryos. The active form of vitamin A (retinoic acid) is applied to shell-less (ex ovo) cultured chick embryos, which are highly accessible and intrinsically spawn inquiry. The student activities mirror the scientific research process, including review of scientific literature, hypothesis formation, experimental design, interpretation of data, and re-evaluation of the initial hypothesis. This exercise supports instruction on developmental biology, biophysics, animal research, and experimental design and is motivated by a clinically relevant health issue.
Tumour necrosis factor-α is the signal induced by mating to shutdown a 2-methoxyestradiol nongenomic action necessary to accelerate oviductal egg transport in the rat
Authors: Oróstica María L , Zuñiga Lidia M , Utz Daniella , Parada-Bustamante Alexis , Velásquez Luis A , Cardenas Hugo , Orihuela Pedro A
Published: November 2012

Mating shut down a 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) nongenomic action necessary to accelerate egg transport in the rat oviduct. Herein, we investigated whether tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) participates in this mating effect. In unmated and mated rats, we determined the concentration of TNF-α in the oviductal fluid and the level of the mRNA forTnf-a(Tnf) and their receptorsTnfrsf1aandTnfrsf1bin the oviduct tissues. The distribution of the TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B proteins in the oviduct of unmated and mated was also assessed. Finally, we examined whether 2ME accelerates oviductal egg transport in unmated rats that were previously treated with a rat recombinant TNF-α alone or concomitant with a selective inhibitor of the NF-κB activity. Mating increased TNF-α in the oviductal fluid, butTnftranscript was not detected in the oviduct. The mRNA for TNF-α receptors as well as their distribution was not affected by mating, although they were mainly localized in the endosalpinx. Administration of TNF-α into the oviduct of unmated rats prevented the effect of 2ME on egg transport. However, the NF-κB activity inhibitor did not revert this effect of TNF-α. These results indicate that mating increased TNF-α in the oviductal fluid, although this not associated with changes in the expression and localization of TNF-α receptors in the oviductal cells. Furthermore, TNF-α mimicked the effect of mating on the 2ME-induced egg transport acceleration, independently of the activation of NF-κB in the oviduct. We concluded that TNF-α is the signal induced by mating to shut down a 2ME nongenomic action in the rat oviduct.
NANOGP8: Evolution of a Human-Specific Retro-Oncogene
Authors: Fairbanks Daniel J , Fairbanks Aaron D , Ogden T Heath , Parker Glendon J , Maughan Peter J
Published: November 2012

NANOGP8 is a human (Homo sapiens) retrogene, expressed predominantly in cancer cells where its protein product is tumorigenic. It arose through retrotransposition from its parent gene, NANOG, which is expressed predominantly in embryonic stem cells. Based on identification of fixed and polymorphic variants in a genetically diverse set of human NANOG and NANOGP8 sequences, we estimated the evolutionary origin of NANOGP8 at approximately 0.9 to 2.5 million years ago, more recent than previously estimated. We also discovered that NANOGP8 arose from a derived variant allele of NANOG containing a 22-nucleotide pair deletion in the 3′ UTR, which has remained polymorphic in modern humans. Evidence from our experiments indicates that NANOGP8 is fixed in modern humans even though its parent allele is polymorphic. The presence of NANOGP8-specific sequences in Neanderthal reads provided definitive evidence that NANOGP8 is also present in the Neanderthal genome. Some variants between the reference sequences of NANOG and NANOGP8 utilized in cancer research to distinguish RT-PCR products are polymorphic within NANOG or NANOGP8 and thus are not universally reliable as distinguishing features. NANOGP8 was inserted in reverse orientation into the LTR region of an SVA retroelement that arose in a human-chimpanzee-gorilla common ancestor after divergence of the orangutan ancestral lineage. Transcription factor binding sites within and beyond this LTR may promote expression of NANOGP8 in cancer cells, although current evidence is inferential. The fact that NANOGP8 is a human-specific retro-oncogene may partially explain the higher genetic predisposition for cancer in humans compared with other primates.
Evidence for Autoregulation and Cell Signaling Pathway Regulation From Genome-Wide Binding of theDrosophilaRetinoblastoma Protein
Authors: Acharya Pankaj , Negre Nicolas , Johnston John , Wei Yiliang , White Kevin P , Henry R William , Arnosti David N
Published: November 2012

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein is a transcriptional cofactor with essential roles in cell cycle and development. Physical and functional targets of RB and its paralogs p107/p130 have been studied largely in cultured cells, but the full biological context of this family of proteins’ activities will likely be revealed only in whole organismal studies. To identify direct targets of the major Drosophila RB counterpart in a developmental context, we carried out ChIP-Seq analysis of Rbf1 in the embryo. The association of the protein with promoters is developmentally controlled; early promoter access is globally inhibited, whereas later in development Rbf1 is found to associate with promoter-proximal regions of approximately 2000 genes. In addition to conserved cell-cycle–related genes, a wholly unexpected finding was that Rbf1 targets many components of the insulin, Hippo, JAK/STAT, Notch, and other conserved signaling pathways. Rbf1 may thus directly affect output of these essential growth-control and differentiation pathways by regulation of expression of receptors, kinases and downstream effectors. Rbf1 was also found to target multiple levels of its own regulatory hierarchy. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that different classes of genes exhibit distinct constellations of motifs associated with the Rbf1-bound regions, suggesting that the context of Rbf1 recruitment may vary within the Rbf1 regulon. Many of these targeted genes are bound by Rbf1 homologs in human cells, indicating that a conserved role of RB proteins may be to adjust the set point of interlinked signaling networks essential for growth and development.
The Use of Intravenous Palivizumab for Treatment of Persistent RSV Infection in Children With Leukemia
Authors: Santos Roberto P. , Chao Jeffery , Nepo Anne G. , Butt Shafiq , Stellrecht Kathleen A. , Pearce Jennifer M. , Lepow Martha L.
Published: November 2012

Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to decrease the threat of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among children at high risk. There are no standard guidelines due to conflicting data on palivizumab’s use in the treatment of RSV lower respiratory tract infections. Intravenous (IV) palivizumab was shown to be well tolerated and associated with decreased mortality in high-risk children who have RSV disease. However, it did not prevent lower respiratory tract infections and did not affect the survival rate of allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients who had RSV infection. We present 2 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and persistent RSV infection while receiving chemotherapy. Patient A is a 4-year-old male with Down syndrome, ALL, and persistent RSV infection for at least 3 months. Patient B is a 3-year-old female with pre–B cell ALL whose chemotherapy intensification phase was delayed due to a month-long RSV infection. RSV infections were determined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays from nasopharyngeal swabs before IV palivizumab therapy; patient A was positive for RSV at 36 cycles and patient B was positive for RSV at 29 cycles. RSV infection was cleared in both patients within 72 hours after receiving IV palivizumab (patient A: 16 mg/kg; patient B: 15 mg/kg). IV palivizumab may be a treatment option for persistent RSV infection among immunocompromised patients.
Timing of the Introduction of Complementary Foods in Infancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jonsdottir Olof H. , Thorsdottir Inga , Hibberd Patricia L. , Fewtrell Mary S. , Wells Jonathan C. , Palsson Gestur I. , Lucas Alan , Gunnlaugsson Geir , Kleinman Ronald E.
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To increase knowledge on iron status and growth during the first 6 months of life. We hypothesized that iron status would be better in infants who received complementary foods in addition to breast milk compared with those exclusively breastfed.

METHODS:

One hundred nineteen healthy term (≥37 weeks) singleton infants were randomly assigned to receive either complementary foods in addition to breast milk from age 4 months (CF) or to exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (EBF). Dietary data were collected by 3-day weighed food records, and data on iron status and growth were also collected.

RESULTS:

One hundred infants (84%) completed the trial. Infants in the CF group had higher mean serum ferritin levels at 6 months (P = .02), which remained significant when adjusted for baseline characteristics. No difference was seen between groups in iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency, or iron depletion. The average daily energy intake from complementary foods of 5-month-olds in the CF group was 36.8 kJ per kg body weight. Infants in both groups grew at the same rate between 4 and 6 months of age.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a high-income country, adding a small amount of complementary food in addition to breast milk to infants’ diets from 4 months of age does not affect growth rate between 4 and 6 months, but has a small and positive effect on iron status at 6 months. The biological importance of this finding remains to be determined.
Pyridoxine-dependent Epilepsy With Elevated Urinary α-Amino Adipic Semialdehyde in Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency
Authors: Struys Eduard Alexander , Nota Benjamin , Bakkali Abdellatif , Al Shahwan Saad , Salomons Gajja Sophi , Tabarki Brahim
Published: November 2012

α-Amino adipic semialdehyde (α-AASA) accumulates in body fluids from patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy because of mutations in antiquitin (ALDH7A1) and serves as the biomarker for this condition. We have recently found that the urinary excretion of α-AASA was also increased in molybdenum cofactor and sulfite oxidase deficiencies. The seizures in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy are caused by lowered cerebral levels of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), the bioactive form of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), which can be corrected by the supplementation of pyridoxine. The nonenzymatic trapping of PLP by the cyclic form of α-AASA is causative for the lowered cerebral PLP levels. We describe 2 siblings with clinically evident pyridoxine-responsive seizures associated with increased urinary excretion of α-AASA. Subsequent metabolic investigations revealed several metabolic abnormities, all indicative for molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Molecular investigations indeed revealed a known homozygous mutation in the MOCS2 gene. Based upon the clinically evident pyridoxine-responsive seizures in these 2 siblings, we recommend considering pyridoxine supplementation to patients affected with molybdenum cofactor or sulfite oxidase deficiencies.
Anal squamous carcinoma: a new AIDS-defining cancer? Case report and literature review
Authors: Corti Marcelo , Villafañe María F. , Marona Esteban , Lewi Daniel
Published: November 2012

Squamous anal cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy that represents the 1.5% to 2% of all the lower digestive tract cancers. However, an increased incidence of invasive anal carcinoma is observed in HIV-seropositive population since the widespread of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Human papillomavirus is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anal cancer. Anal intercourse and a high number of sexual partners appear to be risk factors to develop anal cancer in both sexes. Anal pain, bleeding and a palpable lesion in the anal canal are the most common clinical features. Endo-anal ultrasound is the best diagnosis method to evaluate the tumor size, the tumor extension and the infiltration of the sphincter muscle complex. Chemoradiotherapy plus antiretroviral therapy are the recommended treatments for all stages of localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in HIV-seropositive patients because of its high rate of cure. Here we present an HIV patient who developed a carcinoma of the anal canal after a long time of HIV infection under highly active antiretroviral therapy with a good virological and immunological response.
Novo desenvolvimentismo e liberalismo enraizado
Authors: Gonçalves Reinaldo
Published: November 2012

O objetivo geral deste artigo é discutir a evolução da formulação político‑ideológica de desenvolvimento econômico conhecida como novo desenvolvimentismo. O objetivo específico é demonstrar a hipótese de que o novo desenvolvimentismo é mais uma versão do liberalismo enraizado, que exprime o compromisso entre as diretrizes estratégicas do liberalismo e a intervenção estatal orientada para a estabilização macroeconômica.
Los atolladeros de la economía latinoamericana
Authors: Katz Claudio
Published: November 2012

El agravamiento de la crisis global acentúa las limitaciones de la economía latinoamericana para atemperar la turbulencia. Las enormes reservas terminarán socorriendo a los banqueros europeos si no hay avances en la moneda común. El extractivismo exportador impide repetir el desarrollo manufacturero asiático y refuerza la preeminencia de las empresas transnacionales. La batalla de los estudiantes chilenos ilustra cómo las resistencias sociales tienden a converger con la nueva oleada mundial de protesta juvenil.
Utopias desenvolvimentistas e política social no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Potyara Amazoneida P.
Published: November 2012

Este artigo discute a política social brasileira no marco das aspirações governamentais de transformar o Brasil, desde os anos 1930, em potência emergente, por meio de um processo de desenvolvimento gerido pelo Estado. Só que essas transformações se realizaram de forma dependente do capital internacional e combinaram rupturas e continuidades. Para isso, muito contribuíram os períodos de ditadura e o recente domínio neoliberal, que aprofundaram as desigualdades sociais e impediram a política social de concretizar direitos sociais conquistados formalmente.
Biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade de micropartículas de poli-lactato-co-glicolato na ceratite infecciosa em coelhos
Authors: Ranzani J.J.T. , Peixoto T.P. , Brandão C.V.S. , Oliveira A.G. , Cunha M.L.R.S. , Mori E.S. , Minto B.W.
Published: November 2012

Avaliaram-se a biocompatibilidade e a biodegradabilidade do sistema de liberação controlada de poli-lactato-co-glicolato (PLGA) no tratamento com ciprofloxacina das ceratites por Staphylococcus aureus em coelhos. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (G). Os animais dos G1, G3 e G4 foram inoculados com 2,5µL da bactéria - 108UFC, no estroma corneano. Os do G2 não receberam a aplicação do inóculo. O tratamento foi realizado com solução salina básica para os animais do G1, micropartículas de PLGA contendo ciprofloxacina nos animais dos G2 e G4 e colírio de ciprofloxacina naqueles do G3. Suabe e biópsia da superfície ocular foram coletados para cultura. Apenas um animal do G1 apresentou cultura positiva para S. aureus. Exame histológico revelou a presença bacteriana em todos os animais do G1 e em dois animais do G3. Também foi constatada reação inflamatória no local da aplicação do sistema de liberação controlada. O tratamento com micropartículas de PLGA foi eficiente no tratamento de ceratites bacterianas, ao eliminar por completo a presença do S. aureus, mas entretanto não foi completamente biocompatível e biodegradável após cinco dias.
Small breed dogs with confirmed stroke: concurrent diseases and sonographic findings
Authors: Carvalho C.F. , Andrade Neto J.P. , Diniz S.A.
Published: November 2012

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) are important causes of neurological clinical signs in dogs. The objective of this work was to describe concurrent diseases and ultrasonographic features in dogs with CVA confirmed through postmortem evaluation. All medical records of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCDUS) examinations performed in 512 dogs between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed, searching for history and clinical diagnosis, as well as sonographic and histological results. Forty-two dogs were selected, showing acute onset of clinical signs with no progressive focal cerebral dysfunction and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease confirmed at necropsy. Concurrent diseases and conditions were: cerebral amyloid microangiopathy (33%), endocrinopathies (31%), coagulopathy (24%), Schnauzer hyperlipemia (7%) and unknown (5%). The relation between sonography and histology results indicated 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity for focal lesion detection. A diffuse decrease in echogenicity was related to inflammatory diseases and/or edema with 62% sensitivity. A diffuse increase in echogenicity has 100% sensitivity and was usually related to aging changes. This study showed the occurrence of coexisting diseases with CVA and sonographic features of these conditions in small breed dogs.
Isotopic traceability in body tissues and in different breeding periods of broilers
Authors: Oliveira R.P. , Ducatti C. , Carrijo A.S. , Pezzato A.C. , Denadai J.C. , Sartori J.R. , Cruz V.C.
Published: November 2012

The inclusion of poultry viscera meal (VM) in broiler diets to possibly replace it with strictly vegetable diet (VE) and vice-versa, using the technique of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in different tissues was traced. One hundred ninety-two one-day-old chicks that had been distributed randomly were used in twelve experimental treatments with four replications of four chicks each. The treatments consisted of vegetable diet (VG) for diets containing FV going after a certain age or the reverse, in which the birds began feeding VM on diet and then switched to VE diet. At 42 days of age, samples of pectoral muscle (Pectoralis major), keel and tibia were collected, with later determination of isotopic ratios (13C/12C and 15N/14N). The stable isotopes technique couldn't trace the use of VM in feeding broilers when this ingredient was part of broiler diets only in the first seven, 14 or 21 days of age. However, this technique can be applied to younger poultry that have been sampled before a possible change in diet, since they can have the isotopic signature of feeding stabilized around two weeks of age.
Indicadores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados à incapacidade funcional em idosos
Authors: Pereira Gustavo Nunes , Bastos Gisele Alsina Nader , Del Duca Giovâni Firpo , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves
Published: November 2012

O objetivo do estudo foi observar a frequência de incapacidade funcional de idosos e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 631 idosos (60 anos ou mais). Para a avaliação das atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária foram empregados o índice de Katz e a escala de Lawton, respectivamente. Foram analisadas as variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. As variáveis numéricas foram testadas pelo t de Student e as não numéricas pelo qui-quadrado. A chance de apresentar incapacidade funcional foi medida pela regressão logística. As prevalências de incapacidade funcional para as atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária foram de 15,5% e 26,1%, respectivamente. As atividades instrumentais apresentaram maior número de variáveis significativamente associadas ao desfecho no modelo final de regressão logística. A prevalência de incapacidade funcional não foi maior do que a descrita na literatura brasileira. Encontrou-se uma importante associação do desfecho com as variáveis analisadas.
Prevention of cervical cancer in women with ASCUS in the Brazilian Unified National Health System: cost-effectiveness of the molecular biology method for HPV detection
Authors: Nomelini Rosekeila Simões , Guimarães Patrícia Dias Neto , Candido Pamela Aparecida , Campos Ana Cláudia Camargo , Michelin Márcia Antoniazi , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido
Published: November 2012

This study aimed to assess the performance of PCR as a means of detecting HPV 16/18 compared to the single probe-based PCR for detecting high-risk HPV, and evaluate these methods for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in follow-ups for ASCUS testing. It also compares the costs of cytology, PCR methods, colposcopy and biopsy in the Brazilian Unified National Health System. Of the 81 patients with ASCUS, 41 (50.6%) tested positive for HPV 16/18 in PCR testing and 47 (58.02%) tested positive for high-risk HPV with single probe-based PCR testing. The negative predictive value was 93.75% for HPV 16/18 PCR and 100% for single probe-based PCR in cases that progressed to high-grade CIN. The annual costs of patient referral were the following: R$2,144.52 for referral of patients with ASCUS cytology for colposcopy; R$6,307.44 for referral of patients with ASCUS cytology and PCR positive for HPV 16/18 or colposcopy; R$3,691.80 for referral of patients with ASCUS cytology with single probe-based PCR positive for high-risk HPV. Therefore, cost per user can be reduced by performing single probe-based PCR for high-risk HPV on patients with ASCUS.
Waist circumference and waist circumference to height ratios of Kaingáng indigenous adolescents from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Castro Teresa Gontijo de , Barufaldi Laura A. , Schlüssel Michael Maia , Conde Wolney Lisboa , Leite Maurício Soares , Schuch Ilaine
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of waist circumference (WC) and WC to height (WCTH) values among Kaingáng indigenous adolescents in order to estimate the prevalence of high WCTH values and evaluate the correlation between WC and WCTH and body mass index (BMI)-for-age. A total of 1,803 indigenous adolescents were evaluated using a school-based cross-sectional study. WCTH values > 0.5 were considered high. Higher mean WC and WCTH values were observed for girls in all age categories. WCTH values > 0.5 were observed in 25.68% of the overall sample of adolescents. Mean WC and WCTH values were significantly higher for adolescents with BMI/age z-scores > 2 than for those with normal z-scores. The correlation coefficients of WC and WCTH for BMI/age were r = 0.68 and 0.76, respectively, for boys, and r = 0.79 and 0.80, respectively, for girls. This study highlights elevated mean WC and WCTH values and high prevalence of abdominal obesity among Kaingáng indigenous adolescents.
Metrología de la incertidumbre: un estudio de las estadísticas vitales en Chile y Brasil
Authors: Carvajal Yuri , Kottow Miguel
Published: November 2012

Este artículo examina la incertidumbre presente en una de las mediciones más usada para análisis y toma de decisiones en salud pública. Adapta la medida de entropía de Shannon-Wiener para expresar la incertidumbre contenida en el conteo de las causas de muertes en las estadísticas vitales oficiales de Chile. A partir de los hallazgos, discute los requerimientos metrológicos en salud pública, tan importantes como las mediciones mismas. Considera y argumenta la existencia de una incertidumbre adicional, asociada con las propiedades performativas de las estadísticas. Tanto por la forma de estructurar los datos a la manera de una cierta sintaxis de lo real, como por las exclusiones de aquello que queda más allá de la modelación cuantitativa usada en cada caso. Mediante una aproximación a la herencia del pensamiento pragmático, y usando herramientas conceptuales de la sociología de la traducción, destaca que la incertidumbre puede contribuir en salud pública a un debate acerca de la vinculación entre técnica, democracia y la formación de un público.
Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família: desafios e potencialidades na visão dos profissionais da Atenção Primária do Município de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Silva Andréa Tenório Correia da , Aguiar Márcia Ernani de , Winck Kelly , Rodrigues Karen Gonzaga Walter , Sato Mariana Eri , Grisi Sandra Josefina Ferraz Ellero , Brentani Alexandra , Rios Izabel Cristina
Published: November 2012

Os Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) foram criados para ampliar a resolutividade da atenção primária. A iminência da implantação na região oeste do Município de São Paulo, Brasil, motivou a realização de oficinas para elaborar uma proposta de NASF por profissionais da atenção primária à saúde. Utilizamos a análise hermenêutica para estudar o material transcrito. As categorias temáticas foram: papel, constituição, funcionamento, relação com a equipes de saúde da família e interdisciplinaridade. A expectativa dos participantes foi de que o NASF seja um dispositivo potencializador da integralidade do cuidado, intervindo na cultura dos encaminhamentos desnecessários e na articulação com os outros níveis de atenção; além de contribuir para a discussão da formação dos profissionais e de estimular a reflexão junto aos gestores sobre indicadores de saúde vinculados exclusivamente ao número de atendimentos, que não refletem o impacto das ações desenvolvidas nem a qualidade do cuidado oferecido à população adscrita.
Assistência pré-natal nos serviços públicos e privados de saúde: estudo transversal de base populacional em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Cesar Juraci A. , Sutil Andréa T. , Santos Gabriela B. dos , Cunha Carolina F. , Mendoza-Sassi Raúl A.
Published: November 2012

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a assistência recebida durante o pré-natal nos setores público e privado em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as mães residentes nesse município, cujos filhos nasceram nas duas únicas maternidades locais entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2010. Os locais de consultas avaliados no setor público foram as unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) com e sem Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e os ambulatórios; no setor privado foram as clínicas de convênio e os consultórios particulares. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para comparar proporções. A taxa de respondentes foi de 97,2% (2.395 em 2.464). Dentre as 23 variáveis e indicadores avaliados nesses locais, sete mostraram nítida vantagem para mães que consultaram na ESF e seis para mães atendidas em clínica de convênio e consultório particular. Quatro variáveis mostraram cobertura praticamente universal nos cinco locais estudados. A assistência pré-natal mostrou melhor cobertura para gestantes atendidas no setor privado. Gestantes atendidas na ESF apresentaram cobertura semelhante àquela observada no setor privado.
Men's health: a population-based study on social inequalities
Authors: Bastos Tássia Fraga , Alves Maria Cecília Goi Porto , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão
Published: November 2012

This study evaluates social inequalities in health according to level of schooling in the male population. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a sample of 449 men ranging from 20 to 59 years of age and living in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. The chi-square test was used to verify associations, and a Poisson regression model was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. Men with less schooling showed higher rates of alcohol consumption and dependence, smoking, sedentary lifestyle during leisure time, and less healthy eating habits, in addition to higher prevalence of bad or very bad self-rated health, at least one chronic disease, hypertension, and other health problems. No differences were detected between the two schooling strata in terms of use of health services, except for dental services. The findings point to social inequality in health-related behaviors and in some health status indicators. However, possible equity was observed in the use of nearly all types of health services.
Práticas integrativas e complementares: oferta e produção de atendimentos no SUS e em municípios selecionados
Authors: Sousa Islândia Maria Carvalho de , Bodstein Regina Cele de Andrade , Tesser Charles Dalcanale , Santos Francisco de Assis da Silva , Hortale Virginia Alonso
Published: November 2012

A Medicina Tradicional/Complementar e Alternativa tem crescido no mundo e sua importância vem sendo ressaltada em diversos estudos. No Brasil, a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares incentiva sua inserção e fortalecimento na atenção primária. Buscou-se identificar a oferta dos serviços e de práticas integrativas e complementares no SUS e a produção de atendimentos entre os anos 2000 e 2011, analisando as informações disponíveis nos bancos de dados nacionais vis-à-vis os dados da atenção primária nos municípios de Campinas (São Paulo), Florianópolis (Santa Catarina) e Recife (Pernambuco). A análise permitiu identificar um descompasso entre o que se registra nos sistemas de informação e o que se pratica nos municípios. Esse descompasso deve-se, em grande parte, à indefinição do escopo do que se compreende como práticas integrativas e complementares na Política Nacional, o que significa uma grande limitação para sua mensuração e avaliação, já que os sistemas de informação atuais não permitem o registro adequado dessas práticas.
Temporal analysis of the relationship between dengue and meteorological variables in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001-2009
Authors: Gomes Adriana Fagundes , Nobre Aline Araújo , Cruz Oswaldo Gonçalves
Published: November 2012

Dengue, a reemerging disease, is one of the most important viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Climate is considered an important factor in the temporal and spatial distribution of vector-transmitted diseases. This study examined the effect of seasonal factors and the relationship between climatic variables and dengue risk in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2001 to 2009. Generalized linear models were used, with Poisson and negative binomial distributions. The best fitted model was the one with "minimum temperature" and "precipitation", both lagged by one month, controlled for "year". In that model, a 1°C increase in a month's minimum temperature led to a 45% increase in dengue cases in the following month, while a 10-millimeter rise in precipitation led to a 6% increase in dengue cases in the following month. Dengue transmission involves many factors: although still not fully understood, climate is a critical factor, since it facilitates analysis of the risk of epidemics.
Changes in cigarette consumption patterns among Brazilian smokers between 1989 and 2008
Authors: Szklo André Salem , Levy David , Souza Mirian Carvalho de , Szklo Moysés , Figueiredo Valeska Carvalho , Perez Cristina , Almeida Liz Maria de
Published: November 2012

The assessment of temporal differences in cigarette consumption may help in understanding whether a smoking population is becoming more resistant to quitting over time. We calculated absolute differences in average cigarette consumption, stratified by birth cohort and age group. Data were obtained from random samples from two Brazilian national household surveys (1989, N = 12,782; 2008, N = 6,675). A linear regression model was used to adjust estimates by gender, educational level, and place of residence. Birth cohort analysis found that average daily cigarette consumption increased for individuals born after 1964 and decreased for those born before 1955 (adjusted p-values < 0.001). Age-specific analysis found that the remaining smoking population aged 64 years-old or less decreased cigarette consumption between 1989 and 2008 (adjusted p-values < 0.001). Brazil's anti-tobacco policy changes and rapid economic growth may be principally related to temporal changes in cigarette consumption for most age groups, rather than to a change in the relationship between age and cigarette consumption.