bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genesis, mineralogy, and geochemistry of soil profiles developed on volcanic materials under semi-arid conditions from Central Anatolia-Turkey
Authors: Özaytekin Hasan , Uzun Cihan , Dedeoğlu Mert
Published: July 2024

Pedogenesis of volcanic soils has been studied broadly in humid regions, but very little data are present regarding these soils in arid and semi-arid regions of Turkey. This research aimed to assess the pedological processes and investigate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of soil profiles developed from volcanic parent material. The studied soils were not classified as Andisol because they lack andic properties. The results showed that sand and coarse silt fractions exceeded 30%. The bulk density was higher than 0.90 grcm-3 in all profiles. In general, phosphate retention was low, higher than 25% in profiles but lower than 85% in all profiles. The Al + ½ Fed percentages were lower than 2% in all profiles. Selective extraction (Na–Pyrophosphate, Ammonium Oxalate, Na–Dithionite) indicated that soils lack noncrystalline minerals, such as allophane, imogolite, and iron humus complexes. The only noncrystalline minerals in high quantities are Al-humus complexes and small amounts of ferrihydrite. X-ray diffraction indicated that smectite, kaolinite and illite were dominant minerals in the clay fraction. Among the studied profiles, profiles 1 and profile 4 are classified as vitrandic Haploxerept, profile 2 as vitrandic haploxerolls, and profile 3 as vitrandic Xerorthent. The results indicated that the dominant soil-forming processes include the following: 1. desilication and the eluviations of base cations and Al from the solum; and 2. transformation of iron and aluminum from the sand and silt-size fractions into secondary clay and crystalline Fe minerals. The major factors determining soil genesis on Mt. Karacadağ appear to be climate and topography affected by the leaching regime and weathering rates.
La investigación en la Carrera de Psicología, Universidad de Costa Rica-Sede de Occidente: un estado de la cuestión (2008-2022)
Authors: Rojas Lizano Marco Antonio , Solórzano Castillo Abby Massiel
Published: July 2024

En el marco de la celebración por los quince años de presencia de la Carrera de Psicología en la Sede de Occidente de la Universidad de Costa Rica, se sistematizan los productos de investigación generados tanto por estudiantes como por docentes. A través de una revisión bibliográfica se presenta un estado de la cuestión que contempla trabajos finales de graduación en modalidad de tesis, así como artículos publicados en revistas científicas indexadas. El trabajo pretende ser una herramienta de exploración preliminar sobre el conocimiento en el área de la psicología situado en la Región de Occidente de Costa Rica.
Mecanismos de fijación de precios en la captura de valor del diseño gráfico
Authors: Badilla Agüero. Andrés , Villalobos Ramírez Susana
Published: July 2024

El propósito de este artículo es identificar los mecanismos de fijación de precios utilizados en la oferta de servicios independientes de diseño gráfico, así como las variables determinantes en la fijación de estos mecanismos y las correlaciones con la percepción de satisfacción por parte de quienes los ofrecen. Además, se abordan distintas problemáticas y atributos relacionados con los procesos de captura de valor. Se realizó un diseño exploratorio que implicó un procedimiento secuencial de métodos mixtos. Los datos se extrajeron de entrevistas semiestructuradas (N=18) y de cuestionarios (N=130) además de una amplia revisión de literatura. Los resultados evidencian que los mecanismos de fijación de precios en los servicios independientes de diseño gráfico tienen potencial de mejora en su alineación estratégica y conexión directa con el valor del servicio. Así mismo, dichos mecanismos impulsados por el mercado tienden a eclipsar las propuestas de valor personalizadas, donde indica la necesidad de marcos empresariales más sofisticados. Por su parte, existen relaciones entre la satisfacción del profesional y los mecanismos de fijación de precios, influidas por factores como la cantidad de servicios ofrecidos, la experiencia profesional y por las decisiones estratégicas.
Incorporación del balance hídrico y la gestión comunitaria del agua en el ordenamiento territorial del cantón de San Ramón, Alajuela
Authors: Muñoz Amores Adriana , Méndez Montero Ana Carolina
Published: July 2024

Este artículo pretende analizar procesos cantonales de ordenamiento y planificación territorial, reconociendo la necesidad del abordaje integral que incluya la condición de los recursos, que, a pesar de ser medular e interdependiente de estos procesos, no necesariamente ha sido priorizado tanto el balance hídrico como los actores vinculados al tema. En esta reflexión se hace especial énfasis a los entes operadores comunitarios (ASADAS), por su relevancia en la prestación del servicio de agua potable y reconociendo la condición en los cantones de Occidente de que el desarrollo está ampliándose hacia los distritos, donde el servicio de agua es ofrecido por estas organizaciones comunales; siendo fundamental analizar cuál ha sido su incorporación y participación en los espacios de análisis y definición de los distintos instrumentos de planificación del ordenamiento y desarrollo cantonal; teniendo como apuesta política su visibilización y el reconocimiento de sus capacidades y aportes en estos asuntos de interés público.
Implementación del eje transversal “cultura ambiental” en los cursos de las carreras de la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional de la Universidad Nacional (UNA) a través de un enfoque eco formativo, durante el 2023
Authors: Guillén Cordero Norieth , Camacho Chévez Sirney
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer las acciones que se han llevado a cabo en la Universidad Nacional (UNA) para fomentar la implementación del eje transversal de cultura ambiental en los cursos de la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional (ESP) de frente a la implementación de los nuevos planes de estudio rediseñados para las carreras Administración de Oficinas y Educación Comercial. Por medio de una investigación cualitativa fue posible determinar las técnicas didácticas empleadas por el profesorado para el desarrollo del tema ambiental, así como la respuesta que ha tenido el estudiantado ante el abordaje inicial que se dio en los cursos del primer ciclo de 2023. Las técnicas didácticas con enfoque eco formativo más utilizadas son el análisis y la discusión de temáticas ambientales con el apoyo de lecturas, videos, foros y exposiciones, así como el desarrollo de la ética ambiental en el ejercicio de la profesión mediante la incorporación de iniciativas como el uso de materiales reciclados y la oficina sin papeles.
Aproximaciones teórico-pragmáticas a la autonomía de las mujeres: un espacio en construcción
Authors: Hidalgo Redondo Giselle
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo se enfoca en la autonomía de las mujeres como derecho humano y cimiento para la igualdad de género. El objetivo consiste en identificar las articulaciones que incorpora el concepto de la autonomía de las mujeres. Se consideraron en la investigación las aproximaciones teóricas presentes en Patriarcado y acumulación a escala mundial (2019), de María Mies y Claves feministas para mis socias de la vida (2015), de Marcela Lagarde, y el abordaje realizado por el Observatorio de Igualdad de Género de América Latina y el Caribe, instancia de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Se concluye que el alcance de la autonomía requiere apoyo de la comunidad internacional para continuar impulsando la creación de políticas públicas que fomenten el respeto por los derechos humanos, garanticen la igualdad de género y propicien formas más equitativas, tanto en la distribución de la riqueza como del poder, lo que incluye a mujeres y hombres por igual.
monitoreo áulico de las intervenciones docentes en el Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Morelos: una propuesta para acompañar la mejora continua del profesorado
Authors: Mejía Pérez Omar
Published: July 2024

En la gran mayoría de los subsistemas de Educación Media Superior en México no se cuenta con ninguna figura que realice el proceso de acompañamiento docente deseable; este en el que a partir de la observación áulica ofrezca conocer las realidades escolares para ir diseñando mejor las actividades institucionales y optimizar el trabajo de intervención en el aula. El presente estudio buscó evaluar el proyecto de monitoreo de la intervención docente áulica para conocer si efectivamente era un proceso de acompañamiento del profesor que mejorara su desempeño en el aula; se realizó mediante el método de la investigación-acción desde una perspectiva pedagógica humanista en 2019 con una población de 24 docentes. En general, se apoya de las nuevas tendencias teóricas sobre la función de supervisión y evaluación en el aula. Al final, se reconoció la valía del programa de monitoreo como una herramienta de acompañamiento deseable para los directivos escolares.
Estudio contrastivo de los verbos modales deónticos en “A Lady” (1818) y Beeton (1875)
Authors: Domínguez Morales Elena , Soto Déniz Isabel
Published: July 2024

Este estudio se enfoca en analizar los verbos modales deónticos presentes en dos libros de recetas escritos por mujeres en la Inglaterra del siglo XIX: “A Lady” (1818) y Beeton (1875). Se realiza un análisis contrastivo de cómo las autoras emplean estos verbos, comunes en textos instructivos como las recetas debido a su naturaleza prescriptiva. Los objetivos incluyen identificar los verbos modales deónticos, detectar similitudes o diferencias en su uso y observar posibles variaciones entre ambos textos. A pesar de los cambios significativos en la época, el papel tradicional de las mujeres como cuidadoras y curanderas persiste. La presentación contextualiza el siglo XIX y el papel de la mujer, introduciendo conceptos clave como género, tipo de texto y registro. Asimismo, se explora la naturaleza de los verbos modales y se define el término de modalidad, así como sus principales tipos. Posteriormente, se utiliza la metodología de lingüística de corpus con el Corpus of Women’s Instructive Texts in English (COWITE). En este análisis, se combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos para examinar ocurrencias. Los resultados arrojan tanto similitudes como diferencias en el empleo de estos verbos modales, que parecen deberse a estilos lingüísticos diferentes entre las autoras.
Los verbos de intención sin resultado y la naturaleza de los verbos léxicos
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: July 2024

Las principales teorías sobre la descomposición de los verbos léxicos en semántica o sintaxis diferencian al menos un componente de cambio y un componente causativo, controlado por el sujeto. Si ambos componentes son autónomos, se espera que haya verbos de intención sin resultado que actúen como verbos léxicos –no como auxiliares–. Este trabajo argumenta que, efectivamente, existe una clase bien definida de verbos no auxiliares que carecen de un resultado pero entrañan semánticamente que un agente actúa con la intención de obtenerlo. El estudio describe en detalle sus propiedades y discute sus consecuencias teóricas para la noción de 'componente causativo'.
Sacralidad y reivindicación: elementos programáticos y significado de la guerra civil en Valerio Flaco
Authors: Arriaga Benítez Juan Manuel
Published: July 2024

Valerio Flaco adopta la tradicional concepción que dictaba cómo la decadencia política y moral comenzó desde que el ser humano violó la sacralidad del mar; sin embargo, el poeta comunica subrepticiamente que la irrupción de una nave en los caminos oceánicos constituye una reivindicación y que dicha decadencia en realidad significa la guerra civil como instrumento de la alternancia del poder. Es a la luz de este subtexto que su epopeya construye una paradoja que oscila entre los roles disruptivo y promotor de aquel instrumento que los simboliza, la nave Argo. Esta mítica navegación se encuentra en el corazón de esta discusión, y las implicaciones programáticas de lo que el poema encierra en su primer libro invitan al lector a reflexionar sobre el verdadero significado de la pretendida desacralización oceánica, la alternancia de los imperios en el poder y el origen de la discordia civil.
Acerca de algunos recursos polifuncionales en el discurso político
Authors: Cortés Rodríguez Luis , Álvarez-Rosa Carmen Vanesa
Published: July 2024

El empleo de grupos sintácticos (nominales, verbales, etc.) que, mediante su repetición, adquieren un valor intensificador es frecuente en cualquier tipo de discurso y con mayor fuerza en el político. En las dos cuestiones que analizamos en este artículo, tales repeticiones asumen simultáneamente, junto a la función más propia, la de relieve, otras varias. En la primera de ellas, al valor intensificador se suma la capacidad del grupo sintáctico para iniciar un nuevo acto discursivo; con ello, se va a facilitar, por un lado, la fluidez del discurso y, por otro, una mayor inteligibilidad al hacer explícito, mediante la duplicación, el término antecedente. En la segunda cuestión tratada, a la intensificación que se expresa por el fragmento reiterado, se une su condición de cierre del acto o enunciado, lo que potencia en gran manera el mensaje. Nos hemos valido de un corpus que está formado por los discursos emitidos por los líderes de los cuatro partidos más importantes en España durante la moción de censura al presidente Mariano Rajoy, el 31 de mayo y el 1 de junio de 2018.
Estudio del léxico incluido en el glosario escondido de Anselmo Fletes Bolaños: “Lenguaje vulgar, familiar y folklórico de Chile y Nicaragua” (1928)
Authors: Martín Cuadrado Carmen
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo estudia el “Lenguaje vulgar, familiar y folklórico de Chile y Nicaragua” (1928), glosario escondido y comparativo publicado en la Revista chilena de Historia y Geografía por el nicaragüense Anselmo Fletes Bolaños. Tras describir el contexto del momento en el que se publica la obra, así como el periplo vital del autor y su relación con el folclorismo hispanoamericano, se examina el repertorio y se clasifican los lemas introducidos en función del grado de semejanza y disimilitud entre la variedad chilena y nicaragüense. Finalmente, se dota de valor al corpus estudiado, pues se considera un material comparativo poco común, que no tiene como referencia al español peninsular, sino que parte de la comparación de dos variedades lingüísticas hispanoamericanas.
Tantangan Mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Tentang Kesetaraan Gender pada Masyarakat Desa
Authors: Mustakimah Lina , Huriani Yeni , Zulaeha Eni
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Gender equality is one of the issues that need to be realized globally through the ideas in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Indonesia, villages are the smallest level of government structure, having an important role in achieving SDGs at the national level by contributing 74% of national achievements considering that 90% of Indonesia's government areas are villages and 72% of Indonesian people live in villages. Darmaraja Village, Lumbung District, Ciamis Regency is one of the villages that must carry out its development by referring to SGDs achievements, one of which is realizing SDGs no. 5 concerning gender equality in villages. Villages with all their characteristics, uniqueness, and village potential certainly have their challenges in realizing gender equality in the village. This research tries to describe the results of Darmaraja Village's SDGs regarding gender equality and then analyze the obstacles to achieving gender equality in the village. The research results concluded that the SDG's achievement regarding gender equality in Darmaraja Village was still very far from ideal with only a score of 34.91 points. Then the factors that become obstacles are the low level of education of the Darmaraja Village community, patriarchal culture, and misogynistic understanding of women through religious texts.Keywords: Gender Equality, SDGs, Village
Analisis Semiotika Terhadap Tokoh Utama Perempuan dalam Film Perempuan Tanah Jahanam
Authors: Samanda Glen Aviaro , Kusuma Ade
Published: July 2024

Horror is still a popular genre in the growth of Indonesian films. Female characters are often featured iconically in the narrative of a horror film. However, there is a negative stigma about the presence of female characters in horror films who appear as antagonistic characters. Female characters often play the role of ghosts, victims of crimes, and other complementary characters. This study uses qualitative research and Roland Barthes semiotics to analyze the representation of female characters in Perempuan Tanah Jahanam. This research focuses on the main female characters in the movie. The results of this study explain the denotation that describes the female characters in Perempuan Tanah Jahanam as women who become the main characters in filling various important roles in horror films, while in the connotation there are various meanings that the main female characters have social strengths such as courage in fighting patriarchal culture, supporting fellow women, working hard and being independent, from the denotation and connotation that the author found formed a myth in the form of elements of feminism that were constructed on the four main characters in the film. Researchers found that the main female character is no longer represented as a victim or a seductive and sexy ghost. Female characters are also not used as a means of supporting the success and interests of commercialism in a horror film.
Representasi Peran Gender dalam Film Baby Blues
Authors: Jannah Debby Vironica Nur , Kusuma Ade
Published: July 2024

Abstract: From the reformation period until now, Indonesian cinema has been trying to raise issues about gender equality or inequality. Gender stereotypes from the patriarchal culture that are inherent in some Indonesian people often bring gender inequalities. One of them is in the context of the division of gender roles in the family. It will not be a problem if the division does not cause gender inequalities. However, in reality there is the pressure that burdens one party. This study aims to reveal how the representation of gender roles in the film Baby Blues uses John Fiske's semiotic analysis method, which consists of three levels of analysis, reality, representation, and ideology. The study shows that gender stereotype is incorporated in both traditional and contemporary viewpoint of gender roles.. In the traditional role, men play a role in the public sector and women play a role in the domestic sector. While the new perspective tries to break it down by showing men who are starting to be domesticated from the results of the exchange of roles that happened before.
Phonological Errors in Reciting the Quran among Madrasah Diniyyah Students: Identifying Sources and Solutions |Al-Akhthā Al-Shauthiyyah fī Qirāah Al-Qurān Al-Karīm lada Thullāb Al-Madāris Al-Dīniyyah: Tahdīd Al-Mashādir Wa Al-Hulūl
Authors: Wahyudin Dedih , Karim Agus , Solehah Mirna
Published: July 2024

The purposes of this research are to identify phonological errors among students and the sources of these problems, as well as to find solutions to address these errors in Quranic reading among second-grade students at Madrasah Diniyyah Miftahus-Sholihin. Many students are unable to read the Quran correctly. This phenomenon is influenced by various factors, such as the pronunciation of different letters between Arabic and Indonesian languages. The method used is qualitative through descriptive analysis. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, testing, and documentation. The results of this research show that the qiraah al-tahqiq method helps improve Quranic reading among students.This can be seen from the results of the first and second tests. In the first test, students' phonological errors amounted to 1055 errors. While in the second test, students' phonological errors amounted to 197 errors. These findings have important implications for Arabic language learning, particularly in the context of learning tajweed and correct pronunciation of Arabic letters. It suggests that a structured approach and a focus on phonological errors can improve Arabic language teaching in school. For further research, it is recommended to expand this study with a larger sample and different grade levels to obtain a more comprehensive picture of phonological errors and the effectiveness of learning methods.
The Crab-Stuffed Orange
Authors: Flögel Thomas
Published: July 2024

This is the author's last contribution from Taiwan, as he returns to Germany this summer. He is, however, scouring the libraries in Taipei for a final haul of  esoteric information to bring back for us.
Bushaq of Shiraz
Authors: Algar Ayla
Published: July 2024

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The Sultan, Survivors, and Silencers: The #ArewaMeToo Movement in Northern Nigeria’s Online Sphere
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Muhammad , Shamim Saemah
Published: July 2024

The #ArewaMeToo movement in Nigeria is a social media-driven campaign against sexual harassment and gender-based violence. The movement has generated controversy and resistance, prompting a closer examination of its emergence, trajectory, impact, and implications. This study, therefore, examines the emergence and trajectory of the movement and how it has used social media platforms such as Twitter (X) and Facebook to raise awareness about sexual harassment and gender-based violence in northern Nigeria. The movement has attracted significant attention and support, particularly from women who identify themselves as survivors of sexual harassment and who seek to challenge dominant approaches to sexual assault and harassment in the region. Drawing on both secondary and primary sources, this qualitative study provides a comprehensive understanding of the #ArewaMeToo movement and its impact. This research finds the controversial factors that contributed to the Nigerian Sultanate Council’s decision to ban the movement, including the influence of Muslim intellectuals and social media influencers. It also reveals the historical context, key actors, and impact of the movement, as well as the effectiveness of online movements in driving social change.
Features of Digitalization of the Arctic Regions of Russia
Authors: Gladkikh Ekaterina ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Romanova Irina ,   Petrozavodsk State University
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the features of digitalization in the Arctic regions of Russia. The authors pose broad questions: why is it important to develop the Arctic now; what economic interests are behind this; what difficulties are associated with this process; and how can we assess the current level of digital transformation in the Russian part of the Arctic? Based on an analysis of data from the Federal State Statistics Service and forecast indicators for the socio-economic development of regions, the authors assess the current level of digitalization of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation as uneven. The issue of digitalization requires increased attention in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Karelia. The authors concluded that the digitalization of the Arctic repeats the features of the digitalization of the country: the digitalization of business and industry lags the public sector and households. The main problems are associated with the large financial costs of laying fiber optic cables in remote, hard-to-reach areas with few residents. The authors believe that the most relevant tool for solving existing problems could be joint investments of public and private raw materials companies in laying a fiber-optic cable along the bottom of the Arctic Ocean for the digitalization of the Northern Sea Route (hereinafter referred to as the NSR), as well as across the territory of coastal Arctic subjects. The authors assess the digitalization of the NSR as vital for the development of this logistics route and as the main and most economically beneficial for the development of trade relations with China.
Pension and Social Insurance Transformation in Modern Russia
Authors: Oleynik Olga ,   Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: July 2024

Improving the efficiency of pension provision and social insurance for the population occupies an important place in the state policy of the Russian Federation. Monitoring the implementation of the budgets of the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation is relevant both from the standpoint of state regulation of the social sphere and from the standpoint of citizens. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the social insurance system in Russia and foreign countries. During the study period, trends in the growth of income and expenses of extra-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation were analyzed. The work justifies that a high level of dependence of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation on revenues from the federal budget remains. It is emphasized that the volume of insurance contributions to funds is associated with the level of development of the real sector of the economy and the remuneration of employees of economic entities. The main problems (macroeconomic, financial, and organizational) of the financial activities of the state extra-budgetary funds of Russia have been identified and substantiated. It is justified that the current direction of increasing the income of extrabudgetary funds is to reduce the scale of the unobservable economy, including through implementing measures to prevent economic entities. The need to modernize approaches to the implementation of state social policy and the transformation of pension provision and social insurance for the Russian population is argued. Directions for optimizing the financial activities of extra-budgetary funds are proposed.
Do textbooks reflect learners’ diversity? A case study of Grade 4 English and life skills textbooks
Authors: Sibanda Lucy , Herman Tracey
Published: July 2024

Textbooks socialise and legitimise cultural norms, and therefore, learners’ social worlds should find expression in their textbooks. In the study reported on here we examined how Grade 4 English First Additional Language and life skills textbooks reflected learner diversity in South African schools as manifested in their racial, gender, occupational, ability and geographical profiling in the textbooks. Content analysis was used to systematically identify instances of diversity representation in Grade 4 English First Additional Language and life skills textbooks. Quantitative content analysis accounted for the ubiquity of human characters’ reflection in textbooks on the diversity variables in question. Qualitative analysis focused on the depiction of characters’ gender roles. Quantitative data suggest that learners’ social worlds were generally represented in the selected textbooks. However, males enjoyed greater visibility than females, and the visibility of disabled people was low. The 2 life skills and 1 English textbook portrayed both urban and rural settings. The qualitative analysis uncovered some gender stereotyping, where, for example, women were depicted in lower positions compared to men’s high-paying vocations like judges, scientists, or doctors. Boys were depicted receiving prizes for their Matric achievements. Implications for publishers and writers commissioned to write textbooks include the need to consider representation of learner diversity in textbooks. The Department of Education should develop guidelines that promote such representation.
The expectations of parents of secondary school students about leadership of school principals
Authors: Demirbilek Mesut
Published: July 2024

Students’ parents are important stakeholders of school leadership. Student mobility and some other problems in a school environment may occur when the expectations of students’ parents cannot be met. Hence, I studied the expectations of the parents of secondary school students about the leadership of school principals through focus-group interviews using a phenomenology design. According to the findings, the leadership expectations of parents about school principals were categorised in 4 sub-themes: behaviour, values, skills and competencies, and characteristics. Parents of students expect school principals to prioritise student success, create unity and integrity, ensure open and sincere communication, and student safety and happiness. They also expect values that include managerial competence and problem-solving skills, showing interest and sensitivity, sensitivity to differences, respect for justice and equality, and a democratic attitude. At the same time, parents of students expect school principals to be innovative, visionary, consistent, empathetic, and disciplined – they want principals to be good role models for students.
High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography with a Volume Rendering Algorithm for Detection of Unruptured Aneurysms: Correlations with Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Lee Aleum
Published: July 2024

Objective: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography (HR-MRA) with volume rendering (VR) post-processing techniques for the detection of cerebral aneurysms compared with conventional MRA (C-MRA) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard.Methods: HR-MRA was performed for 51 possible aneurysms of 38 patients on C-MRA. For each possible aneurysm, readers recorded their level of confidence on a 5-point scale. All patients underwent DSA, which was used as the standard of reference. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) were used to determine the effectiveness of C-MRA and HR-MRA in detecting cerebral aneurysm with and without VR algorithm. The increased discriminative value was examined by calculation of Net Reclassification Index (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) index.Results: DSA revealed 37 aneurysms in 26 patients. In aneurysm-based analysis, HR-MRA showed higher diagnostic accuracy than C-MRA, and increased diagnostic accuracy on adding VR (C-MRA vs. HR-MRA, P< 0.01; C-MRA with VR vs. HR-MRA with VR, P< 0.01, respectively). The differences in AUC, IDI (19.38%, Z= 3.18, P< 0.01) and NRI (46.3%, Z= 6.32, P< 0.01), on adding VR to the HR-MRA, were also statistically significant. The application of HR-MRA with VR increased the detection rate of aneurysms less than 3 mm.Conclusion: The application of HR-MRA with VR algorithm improves diagnostic performance for the detection of intracranial aneurysms, especially when the aneurysm is less than 3 mm. Clinically, HR-MRA with VR algorithm could facilitate the accurate differentiation of aneurysms from infundibula and prevent unnecessary, invasive procedure before aneurysmal rupture.
Coastal Natural and Economic Systems of the Pechora-Kara Region in the Context of Climate Change Risks
Authors: Badina S. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pankratov A. A. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics,   MGIMO University
Published: July 2024

The Pechoro-Kara region occupies a special place in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as the centre of hydrocarbon exploration, which is the main Russian export. At the same time, this is the area with the highest climate risks on the Arctic coast of Russia. The study aims to estimate the value of buildings and structures planned for construction as part of large investment projects in the coastal areas of the Pechora and Kara Seas by the mid-21st century. Regulatory documents, data from official websites and investment portals of various companies and public authorities were examined to create a database of 36 investment projects in the mining and manufacturing industries, transport scheduled to be commissioned in 2017–2050. The authors’ method analyses the time series of indicators of investment in fixed capital and new fixed assets, as well as the structure of fixed assets in the examined industries. Calculations reveal that after the construction phase of each of the projects under consideration, new fixed assets amounting to 8.2 trillion roubles are expected. These include buildings and structures of the mining industry (approximately 6.2 trillion roubles), transport (0.8 trillion roubles), manufacturing industry (0.1 trillion roubles). As an example, the obtained results were compared with the forecast of thermal abrasion and ice-gouging hazards on the coasts of the Pechora and Kara seas. The estimated value of fixed assets that will be located in areas of maximum risk is about 4 trillion roubles (in 2023 prices). This finding confirms the urgent need for early implementation of adaptation protective measures during the construction and operation of infrastructure in order to minimise potential damage.
The Arctic Oil and Gas Industry and Indigenous Ethnic Groups: Potential Assessment and Relation Problems
Authors: Loginov V. G. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: July 2024

The oil and gas industry is the basis of Russia’s socio-economic development and remains the main source of foreign exchange earnings. In the 21st century, hydrocarbon exploration moved to Arctic regions. The study aims to assess the impact of the Arctic oil and gas industry on indigenous peoples of the North and identify ways to improve contractual relations between them. To this end, statistical, cluster, aggregation, analogy approaches, etc. were used. Analysis of the differences of oil and gas districts in economic activity, commodity specialisation, transport logistics revealed 6 clusters: Nadym-Urengoy, Purovsky, Zapolyarny, Nenets, Taimyr-Turukhansky (Vankorsk) and Usinsky. The oil and gas fields are linked to places of traditional residence and economic activity of small indigenous peoples that are rich in renewable natural resources. The development of these areas expanded the country’s oil and gas resource base. However, it also caused social and environmental problems associated with a decrease in renewable natural resource potential of places of traditional residence and economic activities as a result of pollution and reduction of fishing and hunting grounds. Simultaneously, the shift method traditionally used to overcome the shortage of qualified personnel in the Northern and Arctic regions allows oil and gas companies to avoid the cost of creating social infrastructure. Despite advances in technology and state policy measures implemented to solve social, ethnic and environmental problems of small indigenous peoples, economic benefits are the most important reason for the development of the Northern and Arctic regions. Thus, contractual relations between extractive corporations and indigenous ethnic groups do not protect peoples’ livelihoods. A comprehensive assessment of renewable natural resource potential is required to reduce the damage to indigenous peoples and the environment during hydrocarbon exploration.
Identification of the Causes of Population Outflow from the Successful Far Eastern Arctic Region (1990–2020)
Authors: Galtseva N. V. ,   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Favstritskaya O. S. , Sharypova O. A. ,   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS,   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS
Published: July 2024

The problem of the Far Eastern macroregion after the transition to a market economy is the population outflow. Since 1990, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the easternmost Arctic region of Russia, has lost the largest share of the population (70 %). The external success of the okrug’s socio-economic development, as evidenced by the primary industry growth and its leading places among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in a number of key per capita indicators, does not contribute to the influx of labour resources, since this region is one of the smallest in Russia. The 30-year dynamics of socio-economic processes in Chukotka were examined to clarify the reasons for this paradox. To this end, main quantitative and qualitative indicators of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the economic and social sphere were compared in the context of a planned economy (1990), when the region was attractive for living, and market one (2020), characterised by a massive population outflow. To assess living standards, the authors’ methodology was used to compare the purchasing power of income in different economic conditions. Living standards significantly decreased: in a planned economy, they exceeded the national average by 3 times, while in market conditions, there is only a slight excess (22 %). The population outflow from the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug resulted from a combination of two factors: a change in the economic paradigm and specificity of the Arctic region. Accordingly, the population of the northern and Arctic regions can be maintained only by providing a better living standard relative to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The findings can be used to improve the socio-economic policy of the Russian North and Arctic.
Russian Arctic-2035: Multi-Scale Forecast
Authors: Pilyasov A.N. ,   Institute of Regional Consulting, Kotov A. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Institute of Europe RAS
Published: July 2024

The subject of the study is the forecast of the development of the Arctic territories of Russia at the zonal, regional and municipal levels based on the concept of technical and economic (structural) dynamics of N. Kondratiev – S. Glazyev – С. Peres. The object of study is the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to describe the technical and economic dynamics of the Arctic territories until 2035. This goal determined the solution of three tasks: 1) identifying the features of new resource development of the Russian Arctic based on the mineral resources and fuel and energy potential of the Arctic territories of Russia; 2) justification of the current situation in the regions of the Russian Arctic, such as the dynamics of technological structures and calculated positions on the volume of GRP in 2035; 3) compiling a list of Arctic municipalities (49) with limited delivery times for cargo and their typology based on the speed of technical and economic dynamics. Results of the study: I. The resource potential of the Russian Arctic from the point of view of technological structures can be strengthened through the commissioning of deposits of graphite, antimony, and bauxite, the global demand for which is characterized by favorable conditions in the forecast period; II. The regions of the Russian Arctic are differentiated based on the analysis of greenfield projects carried out during the forecast period into three groups of technological renewal: a) maximum; b) partial; c) minimal. The forecast of the GRP of the Arctic territories based on resource production indicators in 2035 determined their rank: 1) Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; 2) Murmansk region; 3-4) Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arctic of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; 5) Arctic of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); 6) Arctic of the Komi Republic; 7) Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; 8) Arctic of the Arkhangelsk region; 9) Arctic of the Republic of Karelia. III. Arctic municipalities with limited delivery times are separated into four groups from the point of view of the prospects for the formation of a new technological structure based on new projects: 1) maximum potential (12); 2) average potential (9); 3) without new mining projects, but with prospects for completing the development of previously started ones and technological modernization of old projects (12); 4) without prospects for the deployment of new projects for the development of non-renewable resources, but with prospects for the development of biological resources (16). Possible application of the results can be documents of strategic planning of the Russian Arctic at the zonal, regional and municipal levels.
Economic Differentiation of Municipalities of the Russian Arctic and their Receptivity to Federal Preferential Treatment
Authors: Kuznetsova O. V. ,   Institute of Economic Forecasting of RAS
Published: July 2024

The modern Arctic policy of Russia focuses on the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) as a single macroregion. However, since the Russian Arctic is internally heterogeneous, a common Arctic policy can either increase or decrease the differentiation of municipalities. Therefore, to improve federal spatial policy, it is necessary to assess the differentiation of Arctic municipalities and their receptivity to federal support measures for investors. To this end, the study proposes a new indicator, namely, the share of social and other benefits to the population in the sum of social benefits and taxable income of individuals and individual entrepreneurs. Unlike traditional wage indicators, the proposed indicator adequately reflects the income of the population and is not distorted by territorial price differences. This indicator for the AZRF varies from 5 % in municipalities with accelerated gas production to more than 50 % in peripheral areas. A reduced share of social benefits is typical for agglomerations of regional capitals, industrially developed municipalities or important seaports. The receptivity of municipalities to federal preferential treatment is analysed based on the author’s processing of resident registers (distribution of residents by Arctic municipalities). According to the results, investors are primarily attracted to the largest urban agglomerations of the European Russian Arctic (about half of residents of the Russian Arctic are in Arkhangelsk and Murmansk agglomerations), while the impact of preferential treatment on peripheral municipalities is minimal or non-existent (there were no residents of the Russian Arctic in approximately 20 percent of municipalities in three years). Such a situation will increase the imbalance in economic development of Arctic municipalities, therefore, state policy should provide various measures to support different municipalities, which should be substantiated in further research.
Relationship between the Dynamics of the Value Added of Basic and Service Industries in Arctic Municipalities
Authors: Zakharchuk E. A. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: July 2024

Economic development of the Arctic is largely determined by the value added of basic economic activities, providing income for other economic entities, including the population, budget, service, etc. Therefore, the study aims to identify the relationships between the economic activity of leading companies and other sectors of the municipal economy. To this end, socio-economic development models of municipalities in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO) were constructed. Basic (mining and construction) and service industries of Yamal (public administration and other service industries) were analysed using the author’s tw-stage approach. In the first stage, the value added of economic activities (both basic and service) of Yamal municipalities was determined. In the second stage, the correlation analysis was used to measure pairwise dependencies of changes in the value added of basic and service industries, while economic and mathematical modelling was applied to calculate the impact coefficients between them. Calculations for four pairs of sub-sectors for municipalities in general showed varying relationships (correlation ranged from 0.456 to 0.819). However, a hypothesis about the significant dependence of changes in the value added of basic and service industries was confirmed for oil and gas municipalities of YaNAO; the Purovsky district can be considered a standard of close correlation relationships. Analysis of the overall coefficients of the impact of basic industries on service industries revealed that the growth of value added in basic industries leads to a 11–17 % increase in the activity of service industries. At the same time, the model specification (based on the grouping of municipalities) of the relationship between basic industries and service activities showed that the impact varies from positive to negative for different groups of territories.
Improving Compliance with Section 4(1) of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998: Registration of Customary Marriages
Authors: Nkuna-Mavutane Matthews Eddie , Jamneck Juanita
Published: July 2024

The article investigates the compliance with section 4(1) of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act (hereafter the RCMA). The section compels spouses in customary marriages to register their marriages within a stipulated period. From the research, it is clear that there is non-compliance with the duty to register customary marriages within the prescribed ninety days after their conclusion. Furthermore, most registered customary marriages are registered only after their first year of existence. Most alarming is that the number of registered customary marriages is rapidly declining. The following factors were found to be reasons why there is non-compliance with the duty to register customary marriages: non-adherence to registration deadlines; absence of a culture of registering customary marriages; contradictions as to the party or parties responsible for registering a customary marriage; lack of a distinction between the process of registering (customary) and solemnising (civil) marriages; the adoption of a non-punitive approach in dealing with the non-registration; poor legislative drafting; the absence of knowledge of the rights and benefits afforded through the RCMA; minimal access to DHA offices and service delivery; the existence of other marriages (umfazi we phepha) and a high regard for civil marriages. The research shows the benefits of registering customary marriages and the adverse effects associated with non-registration. Based on the identified problems and adverse effects, recommendations are made on achieving compliance with the duty to register customary marriages. These recommendations include creating a culture of registering customary marriages, amending certain portions of the RCMA and its regulations, enhancing the registration process, improving literacy and embarking on education-related initiatives.
A função solidária dos contratos e a proteção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado
Authors: Santiago Mariana Ribeiro , Ortega Ana Clara da Silva
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a principiologia contratual atual e de que forma ela pode servir como tutela do meio ambiente. Busca-se, inicialmente, analisar a figura do contrato contemporâneo e os desdobramentos de sua função social. Após, estuda-se a concepção do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e a necessária busca pela sustentabilidade. Por fim, são vistos os aspectos concernentes à função solidária dos contratos, diversa da função social, e a responsabilização solidaria pelos danos causados ao meio ambiente. Verifica-se que o enfrentamento da crise ambiental e a busca pela sustentabilidade passa, também, pela adoção de contratos alinhados à função solidária dos contratos. O método de abordagem utilizado na pesquisa é o dialético jurídico tridimensional de Miguel Reale, acompanhado do procedimento bibliográfico de pesquisa.