bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing Services in the First Level of Care in Colombia. Analysis of the Offer 2002-2020
Authors: Fuentes Bermudez Genny Paola , De Arco Canoles Oneys del Carmen
Published: January 2023

Objective. This work sought to characterize the primary care nursing consultation services reported in the official systems of health services records in Colombia between 2002 and 2020.
Methods. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional,retrospective study. Node geographic analysis and descriptive statistics were performed for quantitative data from theSpecial Registry of Health Providers and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection.
Results. The study identified 6079 nursing services of which 72% are outpatient, 95.05% are assigned to institutions providing health services, 99.75% are of low complexity, and 48.22% of the offer was created in the last five years. The nodes with the highest increase in the offer of services are Caribbean (n = 909) and Pacific (n = 499), while Amazon (n = 48) showed the lowest offer in the last fiveyears.
Conclusions. Disparity is evident in the availability of services by region and node, in addition to a low liberal exercise to provide nursing care.
Factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program
Authors: Giraldo-Marín Isabel-Cristina , Henao Murillo Natalia Andrea , Londoño Rodríguez María Camila , Aguirre Torres Manuela , López Palacio Gabriel Jaime
Published: January 2023

Goal. To determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in akangaroo family program.

Methods. Quantitative, observational study with a secondary source of a retrospective cohort of 707 babies with monitoring at admission, at 40 weeks, at three and at six months of corrected age in the kangaroo family program of a public hospital in the municipality of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia) from 2016 to 2019.

Results. 49.6% of babies were born with low weight for gestational age and 51.5% were female. 58.3% of the mothers were unemployed and 86.2% of them lived with their partner. When entering the kangaroo family program, 94.2% of the babies received breastfeeding and at six months they were 44.7%. The variables that were associated with the duration of breastfeeding up to six months according to the explanatory model were: the mother's cohabitation with her partner (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 1.34) and receiving breastfeeding when entering the kangaroo family program (APR: 2.30).

Conclusion. The factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in the kangaroo family program were that the mother lived with her partner and that the mother was breastfeeding when she entered the program, therefore they received education and support from the interdisciplinary team, which could favor confidence and willingness towards breastfeeding.
Types of analysis of validation studies in nursing: scoping review
Authors: Tavares Chiavone Flávia Barreto , Belmiro de Andrade Fernanda , Moura da Silva Anderson Felipe , Campos de Azevedo Isabelle , Soares Martins Quenia Camille , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzebia
Published: January 2023

Objective. To identify and map the types of analysis in nursing validation studies.

Methods. This is a scoping review with collection carried out in July 2020. The following data extraction indicators were considered: year of publication, country of origin, type of study, level of evidence, scientific references for validation and types of analyses. Data were collected in the following bases: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, Web of Science, PSYCHINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, CAPES Theses and Dissertation Portal, Education Resources Information Center, The National Library of Australia's Trobe, Academic Archive Online, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal, Electronic Theses Online Service, Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal, National ETD Portal, Theses Canada, Theses and dissertations from Latin America.

Results. The sample consisted of 881 studies, with a predominance of articles (841; 95.5%), with a prevalence of publications in 2019 (152;17.2%), of Brazilian origin (377; 42.8%), of the methodological study type (352; 39.9%). Polit and Beck stood out as the methodological reference (207; 23.5%) and Cronbach's Alpha (421; 47.8%) as the statistical test. Regarding the type of analysis, the exploratory factor analysis and the content validation index stood out.

Conclusion. The use of at least one method of analysis was evident in more than half of the studies, which implied the need to carry out several statistical tests in order to evaluate the validation of the instrument used and show its reliability
Effect of Fear, Concern, and of Risk Factors for Complicated Covid-19 on Self-Care in People in Pre-elderly and Elderly Stages
Authors: Medina-Fernández Josué Arturo , Medina-Fernández Isaí Arturo , Torres-Soto Nissa Yaing , Cortez-González Luis Carlos , Rascón-Arriaga Fernanda Guadalupe , Cortes-Montelongo Diana Berenice
Published: January 2023

Objective. The work sought to determine the effect of the risk factors, fear, and concern on self-care regarding COVID- 19 in people in pre-elderly and elderly stages.

Methods. Correlational-predictive study, gathered through convenience sampling. The study applied the scale of fear of COVID-19 (Huarcaya et al.), the scale of concern about COVID-19(Ruíz et al.,), and the scale of self-care during the COVID-19 confinement (Martínez et al.,). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied as the mediation model based on regression.

Results. The study  had the participation of 333 people, with the majority being women (73.9%). Correlation was found between self-care with the scores from the scale of fear (r = -0.133, p <0.05) and of concern (r = -0.141, p<0.05) regarding COVID-19. The direct effect of the model wasc’ = 0.16, [95% BCa CI = -0.28, -0.09]. The standardized value for the indirect effect was estimated as c = -0.14, [95%BCa CI=-0.23,-0.09]), which shows existence of a 14.0% effect of the mediating variable on self-care conducts in the prediction model.

Conclusion. A direct effect exists of risk factors for COVID-19 complication on self-care, mediated by concern and fear, besides explaining by 14% the self-care conducts for COVID-19. Recommendation is made to address other emotional variables to consider if these increase the prediction.
Effects of phytase supplementation to reduced-nutrient diets on performance, egg quality, and economic parameters in commercial layers
Authors: Roque Fabricia A , Zorzetto Priscila S , Leite Brunna G S , Granghelli Carlos A , Gonçalves Jane C , Garcia Nury A C R , Wen Nick , Moraes Ulisses R T , Araújo Cristiane S S , Araújo Lúcio F
Published: January 2023

Background: Exogenous enzyme supplementation is an effective and cost-saving mechanism for increasing the availability of dietary nutrients by increasing digestion and reducing excretion. Objective: To evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on performance, egg quality, and economic parameters in commercial laying hens fed reduced-nutrient diets from 70 weeks of age. Methods: Novogen White® commercial laying hens (n=256) were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, with eight replicates of eight hens in each group: PC (positive control): conventional diet not supplemented with phytase; diet with reduced levels (RN) of P (-0.12%), Ca (-0.10%), and ME (-14 kcal/kg), and supplemented with 300 phytase units (FTU/kg; RN300FTU); diet with reduced levels of P (-0.16%), Ca (-0.13%), ME (-18 kcal/kg), CP (-8%), synthetic amino acids (-0.01%), and supplemented with 600 FTU phytase/kg (RN600FTU); and diet with reduced levels of P (-0.18% P), Ca (-0.15%), ME (-20 kcal/kg), CP (-20%), synthetic amino acids (-0.01%), and supplemented with 900 FTU phytase/kg (RN900FTU). Results: The layers fed the RN300FTU diet had 2.68% higher egg production than those fed the PC diet. Egg mass produced by PC- and RN300FTU-fed hens was statistically similar. Eggshell thickness was increased in PC-fed hens. Feed cost for the RN900FTU diet was approximately 9% lower compared with that of the PC diet. Conclusion: The best performance and economic results were achieved when layers were fed a reduced-nutrient diet supplemented with 300 FTU phytase.
Género, raza y clase en la formación de un mercado de trabajo capitalista. Las amas de leche de Montevideo (1852-1890)
Authors: Thul Charbonnier Florencia
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza el trabajo de las amas de leche en Montevideo entre 1852 y 1890. Ubica el tema en el marco de las transformaciones ocurridas en el mercado de trabajo urbano de la ciudad durante el proceso de transición de la economía uruguaya al capitalismo en el contexto de la primera globalización. Mediante una variedad de fuentes (avisos de trabajo en la prensa, documentación del asilo, manuales médicos, documentos de las autoridades municipales) estudia la inserción de las amas de leche en el ámbito privado de las familias y su rol como trabajadoras del Asilo de expósitos y huérfanos de la ciudad. Da cuenta de la presencia de mujeres negras trabajando como amas en la inmediata post abolición y de la creciente participación de europeas en las décadas posteriores a 1860. El trabajo precario que realizaban resultaba fundamental para la subsistencia de sus familias y formaba parte de una de las escasas alternativas laborales que tenían las mujeres (y madres) pobres de la ciudad.
impacto de la guerra en el trabajo artesanal durante las primeras décadas de vida independiente. Tucumán (Argentina), 1816-1840
Authors: Parolo María Paula
Published: January 2023

Los sucesos políticos y bélicos que se desataron tras la crisis de las independencias hispanoamericanas repercutieron de manera diferente en cada uno de los espacios del desintegrado imperio colonial español, especialmente en lo concerniente a la construcción de una nueva fiscalidad íntimamente ligada a la guerra. En ese marco, este artículo centra su interés en el impacto de esta última en los artesanos de una pequeña pero densamente poblada provincia mediterránea, ubicada en el centro del actual noroeste argentino. Para ello, cuantificamos los ingresos percibidos por maestros y oficiales a partir de los datos en las planillas de gastos de guerra de la Hacienda provincial entre 1816 y 1840.
Sexualidad clandestina: chantaje, escándalo y corrupción. Un estudio de caso en la milicia activa de la Ciudad de México, 1827
Authors: Ceja Andrade Claudia
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo expone algunas aristas poco exploradas sobre el abuso de poder y la corrupción de jóvenes soldados en las Fuerzas Armadas, a partir de una sumaria realizada por la fuga de un reo. El caso devela la corrupción y la injusticia a las que podían ser sometidos los soldados por parte de sus superiores en el medio castrense, siempre caracterizado por la violencia con la que se pretendía imponer la disciplina, la obediencia y las normas militares.
David M. Carballo. Collision of Worlds. A Deep History of the Fall of Aztec Mexico and the Forging of New Spain. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020
Authors: Molina Villeta Javier
Published: January 2023

El autor se plantea el dilema histórico más importante de su libro; una pregunta que han tratado de responder todos los historiadores de la conquista de México: ¿por qué razón Moctezuma recibió a Cortés? Según su hipótesis, los mexicas asumieron que entregando tributos a los españoles, estos se sentirían satisfechos y se marcharían antes o después. Sin embargo, la visión del oro causó el efecto contrario: a fin de cuentas, el modelo de conquista española era el control territorial y la extracción de metales, método heredado de los romanos y de las guerras medievales de la “Reconquista”.
Vladimir Sánchez Calderón. La urbanización del río Tunjuelo. Desigualdad y cambio ambiental en Bogotá a mediados del siglo XX. Bucaramanga: Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2021
Authors: Mora Pacheco Katherinne Giselle
Published: January 2023

Dentro del campo específico de la historia ambiental, Sánchez Calderón construye puentes entre líneas de investigación sobre temas urbanos, desastres naturales y ríos. La cuenca del Tunjuelo no es un escenario del acontecer humano, sino un actor que, con su dinámica hídrica, su devenir geológico y las características de sus cantos rodados y arenas, se hizo atractivo para la instalación de embalses y la extracción de materiales de construcción. Al mismo tiempo, su protagonismo en la historia tuvo que ver con la representación del río como agente autónomo, indómito y violento que causaba inundaciones y perjudicaba a los ribereños.
MODIFIED ARRACACHA STARCH FILMS CHARACTERIZATION AND ITS POTENTIAL UTILIZATION AS FOOD PACKAGING
Authors: MEDINA V. Ph.D. Oscar J. , PARDO C. M.Sc. Oscar H. , ORTIZ M.Sc. Cesar A.
Published: January 2023

Background: The use of petroleum-based plastics has increased in recent years. These materials are resistant and economically competitive. However, the environmental pollution caused by these is very high. For this reason, some research has focused on the alleviation of this environmental problem, mainly through the development and use of biodegradable polymers. The food industry as an economic dynamic sector is looking for new environmental and secure alternatives for the consumer welfare. In packaging sector, materials should be renewable and final products must be recyclable, innovative and economically competitive. New starch sources could be an adequate alternative. Objetive: The main objective in this research project was to evaluate the chemical modification of arracacha starch, testing different plasticizer concentrations, as a raw material for food biodegradable packaging production. Methods: The arracacha native starch was acetylated or oxidized to produce biodegradable films. The starches were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and volumetric techniques. Results: Films made with acetylated starch presented more transparency. Native starch films had lower water solubility and greater stability in acid and alkaline conditions. The effect of alkaline conditions was higher than the acid conditions for the three types of films in all treatments. Conclusion: Physicochemical properties of the films were directly influenced by the amount of plasticizer used and by the starch modification type. The physicochemical and microbiological tests of the meat show the possible use of starch films for packaging.
PREPARATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME POLYELECTROLYTE-DICLOFENAC COMPLEXES
Authors: BAENA A. Yolima , MANZO Rubén H. , PONCE D'LEÓN Q. Luisa F.
Published: January 2023

The acid-base interaction between a polyelectrolyte and an ionisable drug could lead to the formation ionic complexes. The resulting physicochemical properties of such nanostructures could reflect changes in solubility, stability and drug-release pattern. This study was aimed to establish if diclofenac solubility could be modified by the formation of Eudragit® E and diclofenac polyelectrolyte drug complexes, which were prepared through the solvent evaporation method. The solid state was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, and solubility was determined. The results suggested that complexes were formed in each case, they were called: EuD50, EuD50Cl10, EuD50Cl25, and EuD50Cl35. The drug apparent solubility presented values 431 and 1,498 times higher for EuD50Cl25 and EuD50Cl35 complexes respectively using water as solvent, and 3,674 and 10,412 times higher in physiological solution compared with free drug. It was concluded that the complexes have different solubility to the one of the parent drug and, therefore, they showed potential applications in the design of homogeneous liquid dosage forms.
COMPARATIVE DIGITAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PHENYTOIN CRYSTAL HABITS
Authors: FLÓREZ Ph.D. Oscar , TOBÓN Z. Ph.D. Gloria E. , VALENCIA V. Ph.D. Jaime A.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the information obtained using some digital techniques for measuring the external form of pharmaceutical solids, employing a combination of several contour descriptors by means of classical and mathematics descriptors and a modified method of texture analysis technique based on Gray levels co-occurrence matrix. In this case, phenytoin was used as a model, because changing some conditions in the recrystallization process different crystalline habits were obtained. The evaluations of the measurements were performed using techniques of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Final analysis indicated that applying the texture technique Gray levels co-occurrence matrix measurement, the results were similar to those obtained by combining contour measurement with classical and mathematics descriptors techniques, therefore, as the texture method is faster and easier to implement, could be a good alternative for use in quality control of multisource pharmaceutical solid.
EFFECT OF ALGINATE/CALCIUM CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF FAT EXTENDERS
Authors: PACHECHO P. Waldir A. , RESTREPO M. Diego A. , LÓPEZ V. Jairo H.
Published: January 2023

The fat extenders are fat replacer that can be used to provide some or all of the functions of fat in the meat products, yielding fewer calories than fat. The influence of several sodium alginate (0.69% - 2.81%) and calcium carbonate (0.21% - 0.84%) concentrations on the texture, melting point, and sensory properties of fat extenders made from pork back fat, and a mixture of the above two variables have been studied using a central composite rotable design and response surfaces. Sodium alginate and calcium carbonate concentration revealed a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the texture parameters. In melting properties, there were not significant effects (p ≤ 0.05) on the established limit for variables, except for melting peak temperature. In sensory attributes, they had significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between fat extenders and the standard, in regard to shine, color and hardness. Therefore, fat extenders made with the addition of 1.0% sodium alginate and 0.79% calcium carbonate displayed textural and melting point properties with higher values in comparison with other treatments, along with sensory characteristics closer to the standard.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COOKIE WITH ADDED OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS SOURCE AS FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Authors: TORRES Q. Iliana C. , CORTÉS R. Misael , CABRERA T. Kenneth R.
Published: January 2023

The present work aims at develop of a cookie with added omega 3. Three different commercial forms of omega 3 were evaluated as docosahexaenoic acid and ecoisapentaenoic acid (emulsion, powder and oil) at different omega 3 (ω3): omega 6 (ω6) ratios (1:5, 1:8, 1:10). A multistage factorial system was used to evaluate, in general, the rheology of the dough, along with the texture, moisture, color, and aw of the cookies after baking. During the storage, the concentration of ω3 is evaluated as linolenic acid, ω6 as linoleic acid. Docosahexaenoic acid, ecoisapentaenoic acid and sensory attributes of the final product are also evaluated. Through the elaboration of the dough, it was encountered that the emulsion and oil commercial forms of ω3 best performed the rheological test, at the ratios of 1:8 and 1:10, while for the cookies elaboration the best combination is emulsion form at ratio of 1:10; which is stored under extreme conditions (40 ± 2°C y 75 ± 5% RH) for a 60 days period, presenting good acceptance from a semi-trained panel and a decrease in the concentration of ω3 fatty acids as docosahexaenoic acid plus ecoisapentaenoic acid of approximately 6%.
VALIDATION OF A METHODOLOGY FOR INPATIENT PHARMACOTHERAPY FOLLOW-UP
Authors: BECERA C. M.Sc. Jesus , MARTÍNEZ M. Ph.D. Fernando , BOHORQUEZ C. M.Sc. Martha , GUEVARA U. Q.F. Martha L. , RAMÍREZ N. Q.F. Edgar
Published: January 2023

Background: Pharmacotherapy follow-up is a practice in which the pharmacist assumes responsibility for the patient’s drug-related Problems. Its goal is to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Methods to perform pharmacotherapy follow-up have centered principally on ambulatory patients. Objective: The purpose of this study is to propose and validate a methodology for inpatient pharmacotherapy follow-up. Methods: A systematic review was performed. This consisted in a comprehensive search of databases containing studies published in English or Spanish during 1998 - 2008, and that sought to improve the transfer of accurate information about Pharmacotherapy follow-up in inpatients. The key terms used to conduct the search were identified in consultation with clinical experts and included: Pharmacotherapy follow-up methods, pharmacotherapy follow-up, drug therapy problems, and validation. A comparative table was elaborated to differentiate and evaluate the advantages of each of the proposed methodologies. The information gathered allowed to propose a sequence of general steps for inpatient Pharmacotherapy follow-up. To validate the methodology, a descriptive study was carried out with 32 randomly selected patients and was independently followed up by two pharmacists to assess the reproducibility of the process. Results: Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinician’s Guide, proposed by Cipolle & Strand. Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs, the DÁDER method, and the IASER program, were selected. 79 drug therapy problems (DTPs) were identified and resolved, where errors in necessity of medication had the highest incidence (46.6%), followed by effectiveness (24.5%) and safety (28.9%). The degree of agreement among researchers in the identification and resolution of DTPs was quantified using the kappa coefficient, showing a high concordance (90% CI). The Fisher’s exact test determined that DTPs are related to the duration of the follow up, number of medications, length of the stay and previous hospitalizations. Conclusions: The methodology allows identifying, preventing and resolving DTPs. It proved to be reproducible and have a high degree of concordance between applications.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY FRUITS (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: MÁRQUEZ C. Carlos J. , TRILLOS G. Ofelia , CARTAGENA V. José R. , COTES T. José M.
Published: January 2023

Cape gooseberry fruits are harvested at maturity for consumption at three different times. They areevaluated physico-chemically and sensorially. Repeated measures analysis are performed using a variancecovariancestructure of the first order autoregressive heterogeneous. The results show statisticallysignificant differences (p0,05) for aroma,texture, mouth taste and flavors variables. The accesions studied for the phytoimprovement program ofthe physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics were similar to the commercial samples. Thereforeit is expected that crosses between them do not invalidate the exercise.
THE EFFECT OF THE SOLVENT RECRYSTALLIZATION AND PARTICLE SIZE ON WETTABILITY OF IBUPROFEN
Authors: GIL Q. Jorge A. , VARGAS M. Leidy J. , FLOREZ A. Oscar A. , TOBÓN Z. Gloria E.
Published: January 2023

The present work evaluates ibuprofen wettability recrystallized by the evaporation solvent method inethanol, methanol and hexane. Previously, an operational qualification of the gonyometer is realized bymeans of the determination of the PTFE-water system wettability, finding good precision represented bya variation coefficient of 2.49% (Total variability). It obtains crystalline prismatic habits for the ibuprofenrecrystallized in ethanol and methanol, and needle-shaped on having used hexane as solvent; moreover, inthe X-ray diffraction analysis to establish the internal structure the three products prove isomorphs. Thecontact angle is determinated for the three forms recrystallized in three ranges of particle size, findingthat the minor value of contact angle or the best wettability is presented by ibuprofen recrystallized inethanol, with an average size of 120 µm, giving information of the most adequate shape type and sizeparticle in the formulation of the tablets of this substance.
EVALUATION OF THE VIABILITY OF GROWTH OF THE NATIVE STRAIN Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 AND COMMERCIAL STRAIN Lactobacillus casei ATCC393 IN CAPE GOOSEBERRY PULP AND GLUCOSE ISOTONIC SOLUTION
Authors: MARÍN A. Zaira T. , CORTES R. Misael , MONTOYA C. Olga I.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this work is to evaluate the survival of the strains Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 andLactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in substrates of cape gooseberry pulp and glucose isotonic solution(14% w/w). A concentration of 0.5 is inoculated (McFarland scale) and it is stored at 4°C during 15days. The counts were made from the dilution 108 in MRS agar, incubated at 37°C for 72 hours inmicroaerobic conditions. After 15 days counts in pulp and glucose solution are obtained, with averagesfor L. plantarum 3.23 ± 3.35 x 109 and 1.64 ± 1.57 x 109 CFU/mL and L. casei of 5.40 ± 2.36 x 108 and 7.34 ± 7.88 x 108 CFU/mL, respectively. The results show a good performance of both strains in thesubstrates, with levels above 106, approach considered in lacteous to define a food with probiotics. Thedevelopment of these foods or substrates, are alternatives for direct consumption or impregnationsolutions. This way allows the development of new products.
STUDY OF CANNABINOIDS CONTENT IN MARIHUANA SAMPLES ( Cannabis sativa  L.)CULTIVATED IN SEVERAL REGIONS OF COLOMBIA
Authors: FLORIAN R. Néstor M. , PARADA A. Fabián , GARZÓN M. William F.
Published: January 2023

The present study analyzes the cannabinoids content in samples of Cannabis sativa L. cultivated illicitlyin Colombia. The physicochemical conditions are optimized for the extraction and quantification ofCannabidiol (CBD), 9-Tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabinol (CBN) starting from a vegetablesample using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID), validating the respectiveanalytic method. Samples coming from four diferent Colombian regions are analyzed (Llanos Orientales,LL; Cauca, CA; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, SN; Eje Cafetero, EC). The study let determination ofCBD, THC and CBN samples quantitatively. The average content of THC in the samples of the regionLL is of 15.74% ± 2.92, in the region CA is of 10.98% ± 6.70, in the region SN is of 2.81% ± 1.72 andin the region EC of 1.87 % ± 1.25. The higher content of THC in vegetable samples of Cannabis from the Llanos Orientales (LL) and Cauca (CA) could be indicative of the employment of improved varieties. This fact generates a great concern about the potential effects produced by the drug in consumers.
ENDOCANNABINOIDS: A THERAPEUTIC OPTION TO CANCER TREATMENT
Authors: MAYORGA N. Fabio , CÁRDENAS S. Rosa H.
Published: January 2023

Scientific advances in Chemistry and Medicine now study wise ancestral popular usages of naturalresources. Cannabis sativa>/I> has been traditionally used for medicinal and recreational purposes. However, its important psychoactive effects limit its use. Some governments allow its controlled use for medicinal purposes since the discovery of endogenous compounds with similar properties to cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) combined with the previous knowledge on CB1 and CB2 receptors on which they act. A great interest to discover new therapeutic substances for several pathologies treatment has grown increasingly the world over. The possibilities to take advantage of the endocannabinoids structures to design new molecules with antineoplastic activity are coming closer to this challenge, which looks for new efficient drugs like those used today, but less toxic. Knowledge of the molecular aspects of many of these compounds as well as the biochemical ways on which such compounds act, attract now more interest everywhere.
KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT PHENYTOIN POLYMORPHS BY DSC TECHNIQUE
Authors: FLOREZ A. Oscar A. , TOBÓN Z. Gloria E. , LOPERA G. Erika M.
Published: January 2023

The activation energy variation can be used as a quick measure to differentiate polymorphs of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this paper diverse phenytoin crystal habits have been obtained through processes of recrystallization in different solvents. Some of these solids differ in melting point by DSC, but are similar in XRD and FT-IR. From the results of melting point, 4 solids are selected by presenting the most dissimilar values. Their activation energy (Ea) is determined by DSC technique, using 3 theoretical isoconversional nonisothermal models and it is found even that 23 Kcal/ mol of difference separate the most extreme values.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIFLAVONOID FRACTION FROM Garcinia madruno: INHIBITION OF HUMAN LDL OXIDATION AND ITS FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING MECHANISM
Authors: OSORIO D. Edison , Montoya P. Guillermo , Bastida Jaume
Published: January 2023

The inhibitory LDL oxidation potential and free radical stabilization capacity of a characterized biflavonoid fraction (FB) was evaluated and correlated by its biflavonoid content. Morelloflavone, volkensiflavone and amentoflavone were identified in the FB. The extract containing the FB (AcOEt extract) was found to be the major contributor to the free radical-scavenging activity of G. madruno. The DPPH activity for the FB was 4.50 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, induced with CuSO4, was significantly reduced in the presence of the FB (CE50 = 11.85 μg/mL). Morelloflavone was found to be the main biflavonoid in the fraction responsible for its protection against lipid peroxidation and free radical-scavenging activity, although processes of synergy are possible. These properties suggest that the FB of G. madruno is an excellent candidate for use as an antioxidant.
PERFORMANCE OF THE YALKOWSKY & ROSEMAN AND JOUYBAN & ACREE MODELS ESTIMATING THE SOLUBILITY OF KETOPROFEN IN ETHANOL + WATER COSOLVENT MIXTURES
Authors: Gantiva Mauricio , Yurquina Alicia , Martínez R. Fleming
Published: January 2023

Ketoprofen (KTP) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug. In this paper the validity of a trained version of the Jouyban-Acree (J & A) model is evaluated to predict the solubility of KTP in ethanol + water cosolvent mixtures. The usefulness of the solubility log-linear equation proposed by Yalkowsky and Roseman (Y & R) is also evaluated for the same drug in this cosolvent system. The solubility estimation is studied as a function of temperature and cosolvent composition. The J & A and Y & R models require only the experimental solubility values in the pure solvents at all the temperatures evaluated. The calculated values by using both models deviate notoriously from experimental values in several cases.
RESEARCH OF THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVES FOR SNAKEBITE IN AGROINDUSTRY RESIDUES OF TROPICAL FRUITS
Authors: PEREAÑEZ Jaime A. , PATIÑO Arley C. , CIRO Gelmy , VARGAS Leidy J. , VÁSQUEZ Julieta , SALAZAR Andrea , REY Jessica P.
Published: January 2023

This paper tries to demonstrate that agroindustrial residues, such as Vitis vinifera and Citrus sinensis seeds and the Mangifera indica Kernel, have the capacity of neutralize some of the enzymatic effects induced by Bothrops asper and Porthidium nasutum venoms, in addition to the inhibitory ability of some microorganism growth of the normal flora of the serpent fangs and mouth. That is the extracts of M. indica and Vitis vinifera have a good inhibitory ability of the phospholipase A2 activity in a dose dependent manner and if they have a major neutralizing potency against the P. nasutum venom activity. Against the proteolytic effect induced by both snakes venom, V. vinifera shows the best inhibition percentages in a dependent way of the amount of extract used. Against the coagulant activity of B. asper venom, the species M. indica and V. vinifera are able to prolong the coagulation time up ~ 31 and 13 times, respectively, to the corresponding positive control time. M. indica and V. vinifera inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, the etanolic extract of C. sinensis seeds does not show promising inhibition results.
SENSORY EVALUATION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY (Physalis peruviana L.) COLOMBIAN ECOTYPE IMPREGNATED WITH NATIVE STRAIN Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 AND COMMERCIAL STRAIN Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393
Authors: MARÍN A. Zaira T T , CORTÉS R. Misael , MONTOYA C. Olga I.
Published: January 2023

Sensory evaluation is one of the most important tools in new food development, such as fruits withprobiotic microorganisms. Bacteria like L. plantarum and L. casei show beneficial health effects in peopleconsuming them. This investigation evaluates the sensory attributes of cape gooseberry inoculated withthe strains L. plantarum and L. casei using the vacuum impregnation process as incorporation mechanismin the fruit. A 14% p/p glucose solution inoculated with lactobacilli in a concentration of 5 in a McFarlandscale is used as the liquid of impregnation. Tests scalars descriptive of 9 blocks are applied to the samples.The judges evaluate the biggest or smallest intensity in the qualified attribute with regard to the controlsample, which was fresh cape gooseberry under the same storage conditions (temperature and time) thatthe impregnated samples. In general, the results established by the trained panel show that impregnatedcape gooseberry are sweeter, more juicy, more translucent, more orange-coloured, less acid and less harsh.
USE OF HYDROCOLLOIDS IN DAIRY BEVERAGES KUMIS TYPE
Authors: GAVIRIA T. Piedad M. , Restrepo M Diego A. , SUÁREZ M. Héctor
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most appropriate mix of stabilizers: guar gum, xanthan gum andiota carrageenan in dairy beverages kumis type. A preliminary study defining the optimal mix betweenthese stabilizers was carried, using the maximum level of 0.5% approved by the Colombian Ministryof Health. Viscosity was used as response variable. Once the best mix was selected it was used in threeconcentrations (T1: 0.08%, T2: 0.1% and T3: 0.12%), and compared to a control (T4: no added stabilizer)in the milk product type kumis. The parameters used for the assessment of the optimal mix of 93%xanthan gum and 7% guar gum were physicochemical, viscosity and sensory. Physicochemical resultsfitted to the accepted standards for such milk drinks. In terms of viscosity and strain tests, the treatmentshowing the best results was T3. Sensory analysis indicated that T3 is the more accepted treatment withthe control. Based on the results obtained, the optimum concentration level of the hydrocolloids mixturewas 0.12% of the mixture with a p
BIOACCUMULATION AND TOXICITY EVALUATION OF CADMIUM AND MERCURY IN LLANERO GRASS (Brachiaria dictyoneura)
Authors: ARROYAVE Q. Catalina , ARAQUE M Pedronel , PELAEZ J. Carlos A.
Published: January 2023

The transfer of mercury and cadmium in Brachiaria dictyoneura was studied in terms of bioaccumulativecapacity and as a bioindicator. During the evaluation cadmium in B. dictyoneura show a decrease of 65%.The toxicity of cadmium was correlated with the consecutive accumulation of the cation during themonitoring time. With respect to mercury, a decrease in cation content in the plant was observed 30days after exposure, presenting possible phytoreductión of mercury ion Hg2+ to Hg° in B. dictyoneuraand subsequent evaporation. The tolerance and accumulator capacity of B. dictyoneura could be used forphytoremediation of sites co-contaminated with Cd and Hg.
ANTIOPHIDIAN PROPERTIES EVALUATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACTAND FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM Renealmia alpinia (Rottb) Mass (Zingiberaceae)CULTIVATED in vitro.
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ C. Maritza , ORTIZ C. William F. , PEREÁÑEZ J. Jaime A. , MARTÍNEZ R Diego
Published: January 2023

Plant extracts are a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules. Their application allows a tradicionalmedicine approach to potential biological acitivities. This paper evaluates the inhibitory capacityof ethanolic extracts of leaves and little roots and also fractions chromatographically fractions obtainedfrom Renealmia alpinia (Rottb) Mass, cultured in vitro, on the indirect hemolytic activity, proteolytic activityand coagulant activity induced by the Bothrops asper venom. Indirect hemolytic activity is inhibitedto a greater extent by the fraction 7-8 (47.3 ± 2.20%) followed in order by the extracts from little roots(32.6 ± 6.90%) and leaves (24.2 ± 4.43%). They came from in vitro and ex vitro leaves (16.2 ± 3.88%). Theproteolytic activity is largely inhibited by the leaves extracts in vitro and ex vitro without significant differencesbetween them. Little roots in vitro showed the highest neutralization effect on coagulant activity(81.73 ± 9.949s). Proteolytic activity from Renealmia alpinia extracts on Bothrops asper venom is ruled outsince there are not changes in the electrophoretic pattern of the venom. The results make possible theimplementation of Renealmia alpinia as adjuvant for the treatment of ophidic accidents and sustain thevalue of micropropagation for mass production of active components.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF OLEIC ACID-NICOTINE EMULSIONS OIL/WATER AGAINST Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: ARAQUE M Pedronel , PELÁEZ J. Carlos A.
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the effect of the O/W emulsion of oleic acid-nicotine stabilized with Tween 80® on itsacute and chronic insecticidal activity in Drosophila melanogaster. The oleic acid-nicotine emulsions acutebioactivity show a median lethal time (LT50 = 13 ± 3 minutes) significantly higher compared with thatobtained with nicotine in aqueous solution (LT50 = 7 ± 1 minutes). Oleic acid-nicotine emulsion lowbioactivity present high correlation with the percentage of nicotine encapsulated in emulsion droplets.The chronic bioactivity is assessed in the life cycle of D. melanogaster where diminution in ovipositionis taken as evidence of repellency.
QUALITY OF FRUITS IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) LANDRACES FROM MEXICO
Authors: MENDEZ Infante Isaura , VERA Guzmán Aracelli Minerva , CHAVEZ Servia Jose Luis , CARRILLO Rodríguez Jose Cruz
Published: January 2023

Mexico is a center of domestication and diversification of tomatoes, with various landrace cultivated populations and wild varieties, but they are poorly documented in terms of their physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics. In order to evaluate the lycopene content, ascorbic acid and other physicochemical characteristics of a sampling of tomato fruits originating from different regions of Mexico, as well as evaluate the effect of storage on lycopene loss, a collection of thirteen accessions was made and later it was sown in greenhouse conditions under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The analysis of variance show significant differences (P < 0.05) among accessions for titratable acidity, pH, lycopene on wet and dry basis, in the CIE chromaticity coordinates L *, a * b *, and in the maturity index. Accessions GTO-11, OAX-115, PH-102 and PH-96 stood out for their lycopene content on a wet and dry basis with values above 20 and 300 mg 100 g-1, respectively. Lycopene content in samples of ground tomato fruits decrease with storage time at -20ºC, even in the scalded samples immersed in boiling water.
SEEDLINGS OF CARDAMOM (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) EVALUATION BY RESISTANCE in vitro AT CULTURE FILTRATES OF Fusarium oxysporum Link
Authors: ZÚÑIGA S. Dorcas , HOYOS S. Rodrigo , AFANADOR K. Lucía
Published: January 2023

Fusarium oxysporum Link is the cause of basal rotting in cardamom. The present article evaluates the phytotoxical effect of of the fungus crude filtrate,for selecting somaclonal variations of cardamom that showed resistance in greenhouse pathogenicity tests. According to mortality test results clone 5 and the isolated 4 were pointed with the most susceptibility-virulence interaction. From accelerated growth media seedlings there were selected 25 and inoculated with different concentrations of filtrate, causing mortality on the initial weeks. By the sixth week only a 32% resisted the concentration increment. By the tenth cycle of inoculation 100% of seedlings remained in the crude filtrate without dilutions. The more time the seedlings remain in accelerated growth media and the more selection pressure increasing filtrate concentration show increased probability of getting somaclonal variants with in vitro resistance of Fusarium oxysporum.
THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF THE SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM SULFADIAZINE IN SOME ETHANOL + WATER COSOLVENT MIXTURES
Authors: DELGADO Daniel R. , MARTÍNEZ R. Fleming
Published: January 2023

Sodium sulfadiazine (SD-Na) is a drug extensively used for the treatment of certain infections caused by several kinds of microorganisms. Although SD-Na is widely used nowadays in therapeutics, the physicochemical information about their aqueous solutions is not complete at present. In this context, by using the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations the thermodynamic functions Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution for SD-Na in ethanol + water cosolvent mixtures, are evaluated from solubility data determined at temperatures from 278.15 to 308.15 K. The drug solubility is greatest in neat water and lowest in neat ethanol at all the temperatures studied. This behavior shows the negative cosolvent effect for this electrolyte drug in this solvent system. By means of enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis, non-linear vs. plot with positive slope from neat ethanol up to 0.60 in mass fraction of water and negative from this composition to neat water is obtained; accordingly to this result, it follows that the dissolution process of this drug in ethanol-rich is entropy-driven, whereas, in water-rich mixtures the process is enthalpy-driven. Nevertheless, the molecular and ionic events involved in the dissolution of this drug in this cosolvent system are unclear.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PHENAX rugosus (POIR.) WEDD AND TABEBUIA chrysanta G. NICHOLSON.
Authors: OSPINA Giraldo Luis Fernando , ARAGÓN Diana M. , VERGEL Nadezdha E. , ISAZA Gustavo , PEREZ Jorge E.
Published: January 2023

The inflammation is a multifactorial and highly regulated process associated to several chronic and degenerative diseases. Due to a lot of inflammatory process are sometimes characterized by oxidative stress, it has been demonstrated that antioxidants are useful as anti-inflammatory agents. The species Phenax rugosus (Poir.) Wedd and Tabebuia chrysanta G. Nicholson are used in the “Eje Cafetero” of Colombia by their antiinfeccious and immunomodulatory properties. In this work we evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant properties of these plant species. We use two acute inflammation models: TPA-induced mouse ear oedema and carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. In vitro antioxidant activity is evaluated against hydroxyl, peroxyl and superoxide radicals. The aquose extract of Phenax rugosus is promising because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These results are a rational for ethnopharmacological use of these plant species.
CONSERVATION OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria x ananassa Duch cv. Camarosa) BY EDIBLE COATING APPLICATION OF SABILA GEL MUCILAGE (Aloe barbadensis Miller) AND CARNAUBA WAX
Authors: RESTREPO F. Jorge I. , ARISTIZÁBAL T Iván D.
Published: January 2023

The strawberry is a well accepted fruit by consumers. Its culture presents a significant yield in all months of the year and enjoys a good price positioning. The objective of this study was to extend the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch cv. Camarosa) shelf life by applying two edible coatings developed from the Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) mucilaginous gel and carnauba wax. From the results obtained it was concluded that the use of edible coatings from Aloe vera mucilaginous gel and carnauba wax led to an increase of at least ten days in the strawberry shelf life, with reduced moisture loss and respiration rate. Besides, conservation of firmness without showing noticeable changes in color was observed, in comparison to the fruits used as a control.
PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION OR PHARMACEUTICAL LAW? ANALYSIS
Authors: Del CASTILLO Rodríguez Carlos
Published: January 2023

After legal enaltment in the pharmaceutical profession appear two intimately related concepts: the pharmaceutical law andt the pharmaceutical legislation that we should define and analyze. On the one hand, the pharmaceutical law is a heterogeneous group of dispositions regulating directly or indirectly the pharmaceutical activity. It cannot be considered an independent branch of the law, but it is possible for practical effects to order systematically the legal regulations. Such is the source of a new branch inside the sanitary law, the pharmaceutical legislation, that every pharmacies most know in applied to his scientific-professional activity which evolution is vertiginous. This paper will study this concept. From the beginning this study requires the most appropriate methodological tools. The most important one for investigation must be the desire to mark out the treated topics guided by the necessary documentation. The use methodology is the usually followed in the works of pharmaceutical legislation where the primary source is found in the diverse official bulletins publishing the legal disposition and the critical literature of the topics.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TWO STEROLS AND A TRITERPENE FROM DRY FRUITING BODIES OF Ganoderma lucidum CULTIVATED IN COLOMBIA
Authors: MORENO Henry , MARTINEZ M. Alejandro , FUJIMOTO Yoshinori
Published: January 2023

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom belonging to Ganodermataceae family. It is known as “reishi” in Japan and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Reported metabolites include polysaccharides and triterpenoids with different biological activities. In this paper isolation and identification of ergosterol, 5,6-dihydroergosterol and lucidumol-B, are described. These compounds were isolated from methanolic extract of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in Colombia.
8M Demonstrations, the Spanish Far Right and the Pandemic in a Hybrid Media System
Authors: Labio-Bernal Aurora , Manzano-Zambruno Laura
Published: January 2023

For years, the construction of social subjectivity has been conditioned by the role of the so-called mass media, but the multiplicity of media platforms today contributes to the configuration of reality. In this context, this study analyses how the discourse of the far right in Spain effectively criminalised the International Women’s Day (8M) demonstrations in the first year of the pandemic by linking them to an increase in Covid-19 infections. To implement this strategy, Spain’s far-right party, Vox, used its social media accounts, but it also had the support of ultra-conservative digital media outlets to legitimise its discursive distortions. Taking this into account, this article presents a content and critical discourse analysis of the Twitter and Gab accounts operated by Vox and its leaders, Santiago Abascal and Rocio Monasterio, as well as three ultra-conservative newspapers, La Razón, OK Diario, and Libertad digital. The period covered is from 8 March 2020 to 8 March 2021.