bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS EM ALIMENTOS
Authors: Silva Juliana Fonseca Moreira , Feitosa Amanda Campos , Rodrigues Rosimeire Mendes
Published: August 2019

A intoxicação alimentar por estafilococos é uma das doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA) mais comuns e resulta da ingestão de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas (EE) pré-formadas em alimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma revisão sobre Staphylococcus em alimentos, surtos de intoxicação estafilocócica, enterotoxinas comumente envolvidas em surtos e métodos de identificação de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas. A metodologia empregada baseou-se na pesquisa qualitativa e sistemas de informação. No Brasil os dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos e Notificações da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde SINAN\SVS, Ministério da saúde,  atribuem ao S. aureus a ocorrência de 7,7% dos surtos de origem alimentar no período compreendido entre 2000 a outubro de 2015. Para melhorar a caracterização de EE várias técnicas têm sido integradas na estratégia de diagnóstico, sendo os métodos mais utilizados para detectar as toxinas bacterianas nos alimentos: bioensaios, biologia molecular e imunológico. Os métodos convencionais de detecção de EE são de trabalho intensivo e incapaz de satisfazer as necessidades de detecção em tempo real. A biologia molecular baseada em PCR é um método viável, mais rápido e com resultados conclusivos. Os métodos cromatográficos são eficientes e sensíveis, porém, os requisitos da amostra, instrumentos caros e treinamento de pessoal limitam a sua aplicação.

Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus. Intoxicação alimentar. Enterotoxinas estafilocócicas.
All Things Being Equal: Spatiotemporal Differences between Open and Women’s 16-Goal Polo
Authors: Best Russ , Standing Regan
Published: August 2019

Polo is an equestrian team sport, consisting of Open and Women’s only handicapping systems. As cumulative player handicap increases in Open Polo, distance covered, average speeds and high intensity work performed per chukka also increase. These activities may differ in terms of distribution of, and their affect upon, match outcome in Women’s Polo, and thus have implications for equine preparation and management. This study aimed to quantify spatiotemporal differences between Open and Women’s Polo when matched for handicap and assess their affect upon chukka and match outcome using a prospective cohort design. Distance, speed and high intensity activity data were collected via player worn global positioning system (GPS) units during 16-goal Open and Women’s Polo tournaments. Notational analysis quantified chukka duration and chukka and game outcomes. Between group differences were assessed by independent samples t-tests, and two factor mixed effects ANOVA for within group analyses. Between group differences were analysed using an independent samples t-test with alpha defined a priori as p<0.05. Open and Women’s Polo differed by a small to large extent (ES: 0.54 – 1.81) for all spatiotemporal metrics. In Open Polo, players covered moderately more distance (429.0m; 238.9m to 619.0m), with small to large increases in high intensity activities performed in games won. Whereas in Women’s Polo, moderately higher maximum speeds were attained in games won (17.13 km/h; 11.86 km/h to 22.40 km/h) and a small increase in accelerations performed (5.1; 0.2 to 10.0). Open and Women’s Polo, when matched for handicap, present with small to large spatiotemporal differences that are likely of practical significance, and influence game outcome differently between codes. These differences do not necessarily mean that Polo ponies need to be trained differently for each code.
In Vivo Methods to Study Protein-Protein Interactions as Key Players in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence
Authors: Veyron-Churlet Romain , Locht Camille
Published: August 2019

Studies on Protein-Protein interactions (PPI) can be helpful for the annotation of unknown protein function and for the understanding of cellular processes, such as specific virulence mechanisms developed by bacterial pathogens. In that context, several methods have been extensively used in recent years for the characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPI to further decipher TB pathogenesis. This review aims at compiling the most striking results based on in vivo methods (yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems, protein complementation assays) for the specific study of PPI in mycobacteria. Moreover, newly developed methods, such as in-cell native mass resonance and proximity-dependent biotinylation identification, will have a deep impact on future mycobacterial research, as they are able to perform dynamic (transient interactions) and integrative (multiprotein complexes) analyses.
Implementation of European School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme in Spain (2009-2017)
Authors: Soares Panmela , Comino Iris , Martínez-Milán María Asunción , Davó-Blanes M. Carmen , Altavilla Cesare , Caballero Pablo
Published: August 2019

The School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme (SFVS) implemented by the European Union during 2009/10 aims to improve the diet of school children and to support agricultural markets and environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to characterize the SFVS implementation in Spain (2009-2017). A descriptive, longitudinal, observational and retrospective study was carried out based on document analysis of annual strategies of the SFVS. We studied the average budget for the EU, the number of students enrolled, the cost of the SFVS by student and by day, the duration of the SFVS, the quantity of fruits and vegetables (FV) per student, the variety of FV, the inclusion of local, seasonal and organic foods, and the education activities (EA). The results were studied by autonomous community (AC). The budget increased from 7.4 million euros in 2009/10 to 14.4 in 2016/17. Since 2014/15, the increase came from EU funds, the number of students increased from 18% in 2009 to 20% in 2016. The quantity of FV went from 2,579 to 4,000 tons, duration increased from 9.8 to 19.6 days and the variety of fruits and vegetables increased from 20 to 21 and from 5 to 6 respectively. In AC there were important variations in EA, in the number of enrolled students (7.4% to 45.6%), in the cost per student (2.3€ to 28€) and in the duration in days (5.6 to 70 days). The inclusion of local, seasonal and organic foods was identified in 5 of the 8 years studied. The development and reach of the SFVS in Spain is still insufficient to influence dietary patterns and health in the school population. However, the SFVS has generated an economic market for agricultural production.
Procedure to Evaluate the Impact in Distribution Single Phase Transformers, Due to Massive Insertion of New Nonlinear Load, Which Changes Daily Demand Graphs
Authors: Carrión González Jorge Enrique , Martínez García Antonio , del Castillo Serpa Alfredo , Carrión González Marianela , Merino Rodolfo Pabel , Alulima Carrión Kelvin
Published: August 2019

Power Electronic development determines introduction of nonlinear devices in Electric Power Systems. Introduction of nonlinear devices increase current harmonics in Transmission and Distribution Power Systems. Distribution transformers and feeders increase power losses and their nominal parameters are reduced. Present work introduces a procedure to evaluate maximum permissible load in single phase distribution transformers with massive introduction of a new type of nonlinear load which changes daily demand graphs.
Mediation of Academic Self-esteem on Relationship between Grades and Psychological Disengagement
Authors: Otanga Habil
Published: August 2019

The motivational basis for students’ school outcomes remains an area of great concern. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether academic self-esteem mediates the influence of grades on psychological disengagement.  Data for 453secondary school students whose age ranged from 15-19 years (Mage = 17.20, SD = 1.09; 53.6% females) were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Findings show significantly higher discounting than discounting, and no significant differences in discounting and devaluing between the highest and lowest achievers. Academic self-esteem significantly mediated the influence of grades on discounting and devaluing. Practical implications of findings in school contexts are discussed.
METODE TAFSIR ISYĀRIDALAM KITAB “HAQĀ-IQ AL-TAFSĪR” KARYA ABDUL-RAHMAN AL-SULAMI
Authors: Zumrodi Zumrodi
Published: August 2019

Al-qur’an adalah sumber ajaran dan petunjuk untuk mengatur segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Al-Qur’an berisi  hal-hal yang bersifat global. Karena itulah, dibutuhkan suatu penafsiran. Tafsir adalah suatu aktifitas penjelasan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an sesuai kehendak Allah SWT. menurut kadar kemampuan manusia.Oleh karena itu, usaha penafsiran muncul  dengan berbagai metode, mulai dari tahlili, ijmāli, muqāran, mauḍū’i sampaihermeneutika.

Kitab tafsir karya al-Sulami ini mempunyai spesifikasi dibanding yang lain. Keunikan tafsir al-Sulami ini terletak, pada semua ayat-ayat yang dipahami melalui isyarat-isyarat. Hal inilah yang mendorong peneliti untuk menelaah kitab tafsir tersebut. Artikel inimngemukakan dua metode penafsiran al-Sulamiyaitu: metode “al-Istidlāl bi al-Syāhid ala al-Gā’ib” dan metode menangkap pesan utama (magza) dari suatu ayat. Metode al-Istidlāl bi al-Syāhid ‘ala al-Gā’ib adalah pengiasan sesuatu yang bersifat kongkrit dengan yang abstrak atau membawa makna dhahir ke makna  batin. Sedang yang dimaksud menangkap pesan utama suatu ayat adalah pemaknaan ayat yang tidak secara tekstual akan tetapi dipahami dari kandungan ayat. Untuk mencapai kompetensi al-Istidlāl bi al-Syāhid ‘ala al-Gā’ib dan kompetensi menangkap pesan utama ayat harus ada upaya penjernihan batin, menjahui kesombongan, meninggalkan kebiasaan berdosa, penghayatan dan konsentrasi ketika membaca al-Qur’an, yaitu dengan melalui tadabbur, taŹakkur, tafakkur, tayaqquẕdan huḍūr al-Qalb.
Ketika menafsirkan ayat al-Qur’an, al-Sulami lebih banyak merujuk pada pendapat ahli tasawuf yang terkenal seperti: Ibnu Atha’, Ahmad Sahal al-Tustari, Ja’far al-Shadiq dan Junaid al-Baghdadi. Gagasan  asli dari al-Sulami sangat minim. Pendapat tokoh-tokoh sufi ini mempengaruhi al-Sulami dalam hal penyelarasan antara syari’at dan hakikat. Ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang ditafsirkan secara isyāri mencakup pada berbagai bidang: keimanan, hukum, akhlak, kishah, sosial, dan ayat-ayatkauniyah atau ayat kealaman.
Filsafat Etika Tasawuf Fana', Baqa', Ittihad Abu Yazid Al-Busthomi
Authors: Taufikin Taufikin
Published: August 2019

The concepts of Fana ', Baqa' and Ittihad Abu Yazid al Busthomi, need to be explored not only to be mere theories, but also to bring out their moral concepts. This paper will try to analyze with hermeneutics / interpretation / interpretation and content analysis, so that the meaning is found implicitly or explicitly. The concepts of Fana ', Baqa' and Ittihad turned out to bring easy morals such as: tawadhu, wara ', zuhud, resignation, sincerity, patience, faith and so forth. So that it has the kindness, stability and overall supervision to apply easy morals to Allah, the Messenger, parents, fellow human beings and the natural environment.
Mengenal Epistemologi Ilmu Huduri dalam Tradisi Tasawuf Falsafi
Authors: Mufid Fatkhul
Published: August 2019

Epistemologically, the science of huduri is a form of knowledge acquired by humans directly from Allah SWT, without having to involve the work of mind conceptually and the work of the senses visually, but through the heart (qalb) which is clean of various impurities and hijab. This article is the result of library research with a hermeneutics-phenomenological approach, considering that the source of the data is in the form of a classical text that has been published. The unit of problem of this research is "recognizing the epistemology of the science of huduri in the tradition of philosophical Sufism". The data sources in this study are literature related to the epistemological concept of the science of hu danuri, and the works of others related to the discussion. The findings from the results of this study are that the concept of huduri science is much influenced by various concepts that have developed before, both philosophy, mysticism, and kalam, which are then harmonized with the Qur'an and al-Hadith by Mulla Sadrā.
Fiqih Sufistik KHR.Asnawi dalam Kitab Fashalatan
Authors: Fathoni Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Sufistic jurisprudence is a religious style that is not biased, meaning that seeing worship both physically and mentally is equally important. Al Ghazali is considered a cleric who is very instrumental in the development of Sufistic jurisprudence in the Islamic world, and his thoughts have been brought by the spreaders of Islam to the archipelago. KHR. Asnawi ulama from Kudus can also be called one of the scholars who followed in the footsteps of the Hujjatul Islam in conducting a study of Sufistic jurisprudence. Sufistic jurisprudence is a way that can be used to build moderate ways of thinking, so that generations of milinarians are not trapped in instant ways of thinking without holistic reflection. This study uses primary sources of Kitab Fashalatan KHR. Asnawi, while secondary sources are the Sufi books of the Salaf and Khalaf scholars. In the book of Fashalatan it is seen that the book that discusses this prayer contains the values of Sufism that can lead us to face problems in the 21st century.
Psikoterapi Islam Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Upaya Menumbuhkan Perilaku Sosial Keagamaan)
Authors: Farida Farida Farida
Published: August 2019

Children's Learning House (RBA) conducts Islamic psychotherapy in social religious activities such as congregational prayers. Children with special needs (ABK) can recognize it from the voice of the call to prayer, which then queues for ablution and the discipline of prayer in congregation. It trains order in religious activities along with friends and teachers (socio-religious). This study wanted to find out the kinds of Islamic psychotherapy for children with special needs in an effort to foster socio-religious behavior and what are the obstacles of Islamic psychotherapy for children with special needs in an effort to foster socio-religious behavior. The research method uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques using triangulation and analysis techniques using Spradley. The results of the study that children with special needs can grow socio-religious behavior with the voice of the call to prayer recognized to immediately queue for ablution and the discipline of prayer in congregation, although guided by teachers in the RBA and need family support to familiarize socio-religious behavior.
HYBRID AND INBRED RICE VARIETIES HAVING HIGH RATOONING ABILITY IN TIDAL SWAMPLAND
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Purwoko Bambang Sapta
Published: August 2019

Tidal swampland in Indonesia is potential for cultivation of inbred and hybrid rice. However, rice cultivation in this land can be done only one time annually. Rice cultivation with ratoon system in this land might increase production from both the main crop and their ratoon. The study aimed to evaluate the ability of hybrid and inbred rice to produce ratoon and their grain yield in the tidal swampland of Central Kalimantan. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 12 rice varieties as treatments, namely six hybrids (Hipa 3, Hipa 4, Hipa 5, Hipa 6, Maro and Rokan) and six inbreds (Batanghari, Ciherang, IR42, Margasari, Mekongga and Sintanur); replicated three times. Cultivation of the main crop followed the recommendation. At harvest, the main crops were cut at 20 cm from the ground and fertilized with 100 kg ha-1 urea. The results showed that ratoon crops were emerged at 5–6 days after cutting, with 2–4 leaves per panicle and 5.5–26.0 tillers per clump. Average harvesting age of the ratoon was 69 days. Ratoon yield of the hybrids was better than that of the inbreds; the average was 75.2% of the main crops. Based on the criteria of rice yield, three clusters were identified, i.e. high (>2 t ha-1): Hipa 3, Hipa 4, Hipa 5, Maro, Rokan, Ciherang and Sintanur; medium (1–2 t ha-1): Hipa 6, IR42, Margasari and Mekongga, and low, Batanghari. The study suggests that hybrid varieties could be developed in tidal swamplands.
REPLACING SLASH AND BURN PRACTICES WITH SLASH AND COMPOSTING TO REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM DEGRADED PEATLAND
Authors: Maftuah Eni , Wakhid Nur
Published: August 2019

Slash and burn are commonly practiced in opening new field in tropical peatland. This method, if uncontrolled, may cause peat fires and increase CO2 emissions. Therefore, alternative method of peatland preparation for agriculture is needed. The study aimed to obtain peatland preparation technologies to prevent peat fires and reduce CO2 emissions. The study was conducted at degraded peatland in Kalampangan, Central Kalimantan from June to October 2017. Split plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was the type of land arrangement, i.e. without and with raised beds. The subplot was the type of land preparation, i.e. slash and burn, slash followed by composting the weeds, slash and make the weeds as mulches, and slash followed by composting the weeds and accompanied by plastic mulch. Soil characteristics, fires vulnerability, and CO2 emissions were measured before and after land preparation. Results showed that slash and composting reduced CO2 emission from cultivated peatland. Slash and burn resulted 4.98 t CO2 ha-1 emissions per season, which is four times higher than slash followed by composting that produced 1.20 t CO2 ha-1 per season. Groundwater level, redox potential (Eh), soil pH, and soil water content affected CO2 emissions. Groundwater level and water content negatively correlated with CO2 emissions. The shallow water level and the high water content, the lower is CO2 emissions. The Eh and soil pH positively correlated with CO2 emissions. The high positive value of Eh indicates that the soil was in high oxidative conditions, resulting in high CO2 emissions.

 
Experimental Investigations of Combined Flow Sediment Transport
Authors: Smith Everett , Daniller-Varghese Max S. , Myrow Paul M. , Mohrig David
Published: August 2019

In shallow marine environments gravity-driven currents (e.g., hyperpycnal flows) often traverse surface wave fields, and the resulting complex flows are key mechanisms for offshore sediment transport. Our laboratory experiments illustrate how surface waves alter sediment transport in gravity-driven density currents. The addition of a wave field to a gravity-driven current resulted in a 7–8.5% increase in the downslope transport of the deposit volume. Additionally, oscillatory velocities recorded at downslope locations in surface-wave-altered turbidity currents were larger than wave-field velocities measured at the same location without a turbidity current. These observations indicate that surface waves alter turbidity currents in a longitudinally complex manner whereby the influence of oscillatory currents is transported downslope within the body of the turbidity current. These effects were observed in a conservative case: the maximum orbital velocities of the wave field were an order of magnitude less than the maximum unidirectional velocities of the current. We predict that if the velocities of the wave field and the current were sub-equal, a plausible scenario for hyperpycnal flows in near-shore, deltaic, and proximal shelf environments, these effects would be substantially more effective. This work has significant implications for modeling offshore sediment transport in shallow marine environments and for interpreting the deposits of such flows, most notably that the presence or absence of combined-flow ripples might not indicate whether the current was deposited above or beneath wave base.
Damages for Wrongful Fertilisation: Reliance on Policy Considerations
Authors: Lam Chen Meng
Published: August 2019

In what was described as ‘one of the most difficult cases’ that had come before it, the Singapore Court of Appeal in ACB v Thomson Medical Pte Ltd (‘ACB’) recognised, for the first time, the loss of genetic affinity as an independent head of loss that would allow a plaintiff to recover damages in a claim for wrongful fertilisation. In ACB, the Court of Appeal dismissed the claim for upkeep costs of raising the child from birth to maturity, and instead identified the loss of genetic affinity as the real harm for which damages should be awarded to compensate for the mistaken use of sperm from an unknown third party. An interesting aspect of ACB was how the Court of Appeal grappled with policy considerations as the basis for its decision. The influence of policy considerations in ACB raises the question of whether the decision runs contrary to the long-standing view that there is little room for public policy reasoning in private law adjudication. In this article, the author argues that the Court of Appeal’s decision in ACB was correctly made as it rightly embraced policy considerations in rejecting the upkeep claim and focused on the value of biological relationships in recognising an interest in genetic affinity.
Recommendations on the Optimal Constitutional Recognition of the First Nations in Australia
Authors: Gussen Benjamen Franklen
Published: August 2019

This note extends my previous analysis of the constitutional recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (‘First Nations’) by providing guidance on the optimal approach for this recognition. The guidance is founded on the concepts of efficiency and equity. An optimal recognition is defined as one that achieves both objectives simultaneously. Efficiency flows from a dynamic recognition that changes over time relatively easily, as exemplified by a treaty-based approach. The equity criterion has, as a proxy, legal pluralism, whereby constitutional recognition enlivens ‘Indigenous jurisprudence’ through mechanisms such as self-governance. The proposal is to combine efficiency and equity by guaranteeing the collective rights of Indigenous Australians in accordance with universally recognised principles and norms of international law, such as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (for which the Commonwealth of Australia announced its support in 2009). This in turn is likely to guide a treaty-based approach to the relationship between the Commonwealth and First Nations that can evolve towards legal pluralism.
REPRESENTATION OF RELIGIOUS AND MORAL VALUES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR INDONESIAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: A CDA INVESTIGATION
Authors: Nadhif Ahmad
Published: August 2019

This research aims to examine the construction of the discourse of religious and moral values within the official English textbook for Indonesian high school students and to expose the underlying ideology. The textbook analyzed is the official English textbook for junior high school grade VII, Bahasa Inggris: When English Rings the Bell. This study makes use of Fairclough’s three dimensional models, namely textual, processing, and socio-cultural analysis. In the level of textual analysis, the researcher addresses the issues of transitivity and modality. In the processing stage, the focus is on the issue of assumption. Meanwhile, the ideology investigation is done in the last level. The findings shows that the discourse of the religious and moral values are classified into four main categories: values toward one’s self (e.g being disicpline regarding the time), values toward others (e.g loving them and being attentive to their occupation and physical appearance), values toward animals (i.e. loving and being attentive to them), and values toward things around (i.e. being attentive to them). The Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) investigation reveals that the discourse of religious and moral values within this book represents some dominating ideologies, such as the western-secular way of greeting people, the outschool activites of the mid-high social class, the rich’s-style house furniture, and the notion that beauty is identical with white skin and straight hair, the capitalism-driven economics system, as well as the idea of woman emancipation by the feminist movement.
NOTA EDITORIAL: REVISTA GEONORTE VOLUME 9, NÚMERO.32, JAN-JUN. 2018
Authors: Silva Neto João Cândido André da
Published: August 2019

É com grande satisfação que publicamos o novo número da REVISTA GEONORTE, V.9, N.32, JAN-JUN, 2018
The changing landscape of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Deutsch-Feldman Molly , Aydemir Ozkan , Carrel Margaret , Brazeau Nicholas F. , Bhatt Samir , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Kashamuka Melchior , Tshefu Antoinette K. , Taylor Steve M , Juliano Jonathan J. , Meshnick Steven R. , Verity Robert
Published: August 2019

Background: Drug resistant malaria is a growing concern in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where previous studies indicate that parasites resistant to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or chloroquine are spatially clustered. This study explores longitudinal changes in spatial patterns to understand how resistant malaria may be spreading within the DRC, using samples from nation-wide population-representative surveys. Methods: We selected 552 children with PCR-detectable Plasmodium falciparum infection and identified known variants in the pfdhps and pfcrt genes associated with resistance. We compared the proportion of mutant parasites in 2013 to those previously reported from adults in 2007, and identified risk factors for carrying a resistant allele using multivariate mixed-effects modeling. Finally, we fit a spatial-temporal model to the observed data, providing smooth allele frequency estimates over space and time. Results: The proportion of co-occurring pfdhps K540E/A581G mutations increased by 16% between 2007 and 2013. The spatial-temporal model suggests that the spatial range of the pfdhps double mutants expanded over time, while the prevalence and range of pfcrt mutations remained steady. Conclusions: This study uses population-representative samples to describe the changing landscape of SP resistance within the DRC, and the persistence of chloroquine resistance. Vigilant molecular surveillance is critical for controlling the spread of resistance.
Kidney Outcome in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by Using a Predictive Model
Authors: Ossareh Shahrzad , Yahyaei Mansoureh , Asgari Mojgan , Afghahi Hanri
Published: August 2019

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the important causes of end stage kidney disease (ESKD). We evaluated the risk factors of progression of primary FSGS to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or ESKD with a predictive model including clinical and histological predictors. Methods: 201 patients with primary FSGS (59% male, mean age: 38±15 years), were studied. Time-dependent Cox model and C statistics were used for the predictive model. Interaction and correlation between independent variables were estimated. Results: During 55±27 months of follow-up, 82 patients (41%) developed CKD (46) or ESKD (36) patients. In adjusted model, 1 unit of higher serum creatinine (SCr) at baseline (HR:1.39, 95%CI: 1.15-1.70) and 1% increase in glomeruli with segmental glomerulosclerosis (SGS) (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) or interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) increased the risk of CKD/ESKD. In adjusted model, higher baseline proteinuria and collapsing variant were not associated with risk of CKD/ESKD. By adding SGS and IF/TA scores to baseline SCr in the model, discrimination by C statistics was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.77-0.90). Median renal survival was 3.1 years (95% CI: 2.2-4.1 years) in patients with highest risks score (baseline eGFR<25 ml/min/1.73 m2+ IF/TA/SGS> 50%), and 8.1 years (95% CI: 7.7-8.6 years).in those with lowest score (baseline eGFR>75 ml/min/1.73 m2+ IF/TA/SGS <5%). Conclusion: In primary FSGS, higher baseline SCr, increased SGS and IF/TA, but not baseline proteinuria and collapsing pathology, were the predictors for CKD/ESKD. These findings indicated the importance of timely detection and referral in prognosis of primary FSGS. Keywords: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, End stage kidney disease, Pathology
Optimal treatment for Elderly Patients with Resectable Proximal Gastric Carcinoma: A Real World Study Based on National Cancer Database
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Zhao Junjie , Fairweather Mark , Yang Tingsong , Sun Yihong , Wang Jiping
Published: August 2019

Background: High perioperative morbidity, mortality, and uncertain outcome of surgery in octogenarians with proximal gastric carcinoma pose a dilemma for both patients and physicians. We aim to evaluate the risks and survival benefits of different strategies treated in this group.

Methods: Octogenarians (≥80 years) with resectable proximal gastric carcinoma who were recommended for surgery were identified from National Cancer Database during 2004-2013.

Results: Patients age ≥80 years with PGC were less likely to be recommended or eventually undergo surgery compared to younger patients. Patients with surgery had a significantly better survival than those without surgery (5-year OS: 26% vs. 7%, p<0.001). However, additional chemotherapy (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.82-1.08, P=0.36) or radiotherapy (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.84-1.13, P=0.72) had limited benefits. On multivariate analysis, surgery (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51-0.86, P=0.002) was a significant independent prognostic factor, while extensive surgery had no survival benefit (Combined organ resection: HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.22-2.91, P=0.004; number of lymph nodes examined: HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.00, P=0.10). Surgery performed at academic and research (AR) medical center had the best survival outcome (5-year OS: 30% in AR vs. 18%-27% in other programs, P<0.001) and lowest risk (30-day mortality: 1.5% in AR vs. 3.6%-6.6% in other programs, P<0.001; 90-day mortality: 6.2% in AR vs. 13.6%-16.4% in other programs, P<0.001) compared to other facilities.

Conclusions: Less-invasive approach performed at academic and research medical center might be the optimal treatment for elderly patients aged ≥80 yrs with resectable PGC.
Heart Disease in a Mutant Mouse Model of Spontaneous Eosinophilic Myocarditis Maps to Three Loci
Authors: Zimmermann Nives , Gibbons William J. , Homan Shelli M. , Prows Daniel R
Published: August 2019

Background

Heart disease (HD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hypereosinophilic diseases. Due to a lack of adequate animal models, our understanding of the pathophysiology of eosinophil-mediated diseases with heart complications is limited. We have discovered a mouse mutant, now maintained on an A/J inbred background, that spontaneously develops hypereosinophilia in multiple organs. Cellular infiltration into the heart causes an eosinophilic myocarditis, with affected mice of the mutant line (i.e., A/JHD) demonstrating extensive myocardial damage and remodeling that leads to HD and premature death, usually by 15-weeks old.

Results

Maintaining the A/JHD line for many generations established that the HD trait was heritable and implied the mode of inheritance was not too complex. Backcross and intercross populations generated from mating A/JHD males with females from four different inbred strains produced recombinant populations with highly variable rates of affected offspring, ranging from none in C57BL/6J intercrosses, to a few mice with HD using 129S1/SvImJ intercrosses and C57BL/6J backcrosses, but nearly 8% of intercrosses and >17% of backcrosses from SJL-related populations developed HD. Linkage analyses of these SJL/J derived recombinants identified three highly significant loci: a recessive locus mapping to distal chromosome 5 (LOD=4.88; named Emhd1 for eosinophilic myocarditis to heart disease-1); and two dominant variants mapping to chromosome 17, one (Emhd2; LOD=7.51) proximal to the major histocompatibility complex, and a second (Emhd3; LOD=6.89) that includes the major histocompatibility region. Haplotype analysis identified the specific crossovers that defined the Emhd1 (2.65Mb), Emhd2 (8.46Mb) and Emhd3 (14.59Mb) intervals.

Conclusions

These results indicate the HD trait in this mutant mouse model of eosinophilic myocarditis is oligogenic with reduced penetrance, due to multiple segregating variants and possibly additional genetic or nongenetic factors. The A/JHD mouse model represents a unique and valuable tool to understand the interplay of causal factors that underlie the pathology of this newly discovered eosinophil-associated disease with cardiac complications.
Social media interventions for mental health: A scoping review
Authors: Ali Nashva
Published: August 2019

Background: Social media in healthcare has been widely used over the past few years with increasing popularity worldwide. Social media platforms can potentially act as a possible mental health service provider by improving communication, awareness and education. Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to describe the use of social media interventions for mental health and to provide an understanding of the current state of knowledge. Methods: The search platforms utilized for the scoping review were PubMed and IEEE. The inclusion criteria were as follows: research-based articles, primary means for mental health service is social media, and articles that specify mental disorders (depression, anxiety, etc). Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria on 190 articles, 30 were included for the purpose of this review. Twelve studies originated from the USA while six studies were from the UK. While fourteen papers were on general mental health disorders, twelve papers focused on depression. The results generally showed that social media interventions for mental health had advantages over the conventional treatments. A lack of studies from developing countries, and fewer studies including the elderly population and the assumption of digital literacy are among the identified gaps. Conclusion: Social media has the potential to act as a service provider for users with mental health issues. However, the effectiveness of this method has not been accurately measured and more research is required for evaluating the effectiveness of using social media for treatment over conventional methods.
Systematic review of penile prosthesis infection and meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus role
Authors: Gon Lucas Mira , de Campos Caio Cesar Citatini , Voris Brunno Raphael Iamashita , Pásseri Luís Augusto , Fregonesi Adriano , Riccetto Cássio Luís Zanetini
Published: August 2019

Background: Infection is the most feared complication of penile prosthesis. Diabetes mellitus is a well known to increase risk of several kinds of infection, but its role upon penile prosthesis is not defined. The aim of this systematic review is to show the contemporary scenario of penile prosthesis infection and perform a meta-analysis about diabetes mellitus contribution to penile prosthesis infection. Methods: the review was performed with no language or time limitation, in 10 data bases. There were included articles about male population who received a penile prosthesis with no model restriction, with a minimum follow up of one year and proper outcomes report. Results: The mean incidence of infection after penile prosthesis implant ranged from 0.33 to 11.4%. In early 2000, after several improvements, the general incidence of infection was 3 to 5%. Then, the introduction of coated materials decreased infection to 0.3 to 2.7% . Also, no touch technique and centers of reference with high volume surgeons contributed to reduce infection rates. Meta-analysis showed that diabetes mellitus increases penile prosthesis infection with odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.12 - 2.044). Conclusions: Penile prosthesis infection decreased in the last decades, but remains an important cause of reoperation and it is related to lower prosthesis survival. Meta-analysis concludes that diabetes mellitus increases penile prosthesis infection and it should be considered as a risk factor.
Analysis of erroneous data entries in paper based and electronic data collection
Authors: Ley Benedikt , Rijal Komal Raj , Marfurt Jutta , Adhikari Nabaraj , Banjara Megha , Shrestha Upendra Thapa , Thriemer Kamala , Price Ric N. , Ghimire Prakash
Published: August 2019

Objective: Electronic data collection (EDC) has become a suitable alternative to paper based data collection (PBDC) in biomedical research even in resource poor settings. During a survey in Nepal, data were collected using both systems and data entry errors compared between both methods.
Collected data were checked for completeness, values outside of realistic ranges, internal logic and date variables for reasonable time frames. Variables were grouped into 5 categories and the number of discordant entries were compared between both systems, overall and per variable category.
Results: Data from 52 variables collected from 358 participants were available. Discrepancies between both data sets were found in 12.6% of all entries (2352/18,616). Differences between data points were identified in 18.0% (643/3,580) of continuous variables, 15.8% of time variables (113/716), 13.0% of date variables (140/1,074), 12.0% of text variables (86/716), and 10.9% of categorical variables (1,370/12,530). Overall 64% (1,499/2,352) of all discrepancies were due to data omissions, 76.6% (1,148/1,499) of missing entries were among categorical data. Omissions in PBDC (n=1002) were twice as frequent as in EDC (n=497, p<0.001).
Data omissions, specifically among categorical variables were identified as the greatest source of error. If designed accordingly, EDC can address this short fall effectively.
Assessing the prevalence and risk factors of pre-diabetes among the community of Iganga Municipality, Uganda: A cross sectional study
Authors: Aramo Christine , Oyom Anthony Peter , Okello Emmanuel , Acam Victoria , Okiria John Charles , Mwambi Bashir , Oyet Caesar
Published: August 2019

Objective: The prevalence of pre-diabetes is increasing globally with more than 470 million people projected to develop pre-diabetes by 2030. In Africa, the average prevalence of pre-diabetes was estimated at 7.3% in 2015 and affected individual will develop type 2 diabetes mellitus within few decades. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pre-diabetes and associated risk factors among residents of Iganga Municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted among males and females aged 13-60 years. District health office provided updated household list from which sampling of the villages was performed based on probability proportionate to population. Consented participants were prepared for the study, allowing fasting for 8 to 10 hours before blood collection the next morning. Individuals with impaired fasting glucose, were subjected to OGTT. Results: 130 participants were enrolled, of which 98 were women. The mean age of the participants was 35 years. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 3.8%. The proportion of impaired glucose tolerance was higher in current smokers (p = 0.01), obese participants (p = 0.002) and hypertensives (p <0.001). Prevalence of pre-diabetes is high in this community and is associated with current smoking, hypertension and high BMI.
Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Hypertension: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2016)
Authors: Bastola Mrigendra Mani , Locatis Craig , Maisiak Richard , Fontelo Paul
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
Background: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular illness worldwide with many underlying causes. The role of trace elements selenium, copper, and zinc in hypertension is uncertain with only a few studies reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of these trace elements in hypertension.
Method: Data from 6683 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed using Statistical Analytical System (SAS, version 9.4) software for the role of trace elements in hypertension in age range 8 to 80 years, irrespective of the antihypertensive medication taken.
Results: Findings showed a significant positive association between serum selenium levels and hypertension but not with serum copper and zinc. At optimal levels for transport and distribution, serum selenium levels of 120 µg/L or higher (reference level 70 -150 µg/L) were significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 1.56, 95% CI= 1.38 – 1.76) after adjusting for confounding factors. At serum selenium greater than 150 µg/L, the association with hypertension strengthened (OR= 1.91, 95% CI = 1.54-2.36).
Conclusion: A positive association was found between serum selenium and hypertension, irrespective of age or anti-hypertensive medications intake. These findings also suggest that the reference levels of serum selenium levels in healthy individuals may need to be re-determined. If validated, patients with hypertension may also need to be cautioned about selenium intake.
PTPIP51 crosslinks the NFκB signaling and the MAPK pathway in SKBR3 cells and provides a bypass mechanism for NFκB inhibition
Authors: Dietel Eric , Brobeil Alexander , Tag Claudia , Gattenloehner Stefan , Wimmer Monika
Published: August 2019

Background

Previous studies of our group revealed an association of the scaffolding protein Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Interacting Protein 51 (PTPIP51) with the NFκB signaling on the RelA and IκB level. The NFκB signaling plays a pivotal role in many different tumor entities. Especially HER2 amplified breast cancer cells frequently display activation of the NFκB signaling. Here, the NFκB signaling is linked to the initiation, progression, and the metastasis of the breast cancer. Furthermore, a large body of evidence associates the NFκB signaling with the development of therapy resistance. We aimed to clarify the effects of NFκB inhibition on the NFκB- and the MAPK-related interactome of PTPIP51 in HaCat cells and SKBR3 cells and their correlation with cell viability.

Results

Both NFκB signaling inhibitors, PDTC and IKK-16, reduced the cell viability of SKBR3 cells. IKK-16 selectively reduced the cell viability in SKBR3 cells at 5µM, while the viability of HaCat cells was not affected. PDTC impaired the cell viability of both cell lines and induced a formation of the Raf1/14-3-3/PTPIP51 complex in SKBR3 cells, indicating a shift of PTPIP51 into MAPK signaling. The MAPK-related interactome of PTPIP51 remained unaffected by IKK-16.

Conclusion

(1)The effectiveness and selectivity of NFκB inhibition in malignant and non-malignant signaling systems depends on the level of the targeted signaling molecule. (2) PTPIP51 might serve as the mediator between the NFκB signaling and the MAPK pathway in SKBR3 cells upon NFκB inhibition.
Expansion, Exploitation and Extinction: Niche Construction in Ephemeral Landscapes
Authors: Wetherington Miles , Keymer Juan E.
Published: August 2019

We developed an interacting particle system (IPS) to study the effect of niche construction on metapopulation dynamics in ephemeral landscapes. Using finite scaling theory, we find a divergence in the qualitative behavior at the extinction threshold between analytic (mean field) and numerical (IPS) results when niche construction is confined to a small area in the spatial model. While increasing the area of niche construction leads to a faster rate of range expansion, it also causes a shift from a continuous to discontinuous phase transition, thus returning to the mean field prediction. Furthermore, in the discontinuous regime of the IPS, spatial clustering prior to a critical transition disappears. This is a significant finding as spatial clustering has been considered to be an early warning signal before ecosystems reach their 'tipping point'. In addition to maintaining stability, we find this local niche construction strategy has an advantage when in competition with an exploiter because of their ability to monopolize the constructed niche due to spatial adjacency. However, as the niche construction neighborhood expands this advantage disappears and the exploiter strategy out-competes the niche constructor. In some cases the exploiter pushes the niche constructor to extinction, thus a tragedy of the commons ensues leading to ecological suicide and a collapse of the niche.
Risk factors for parastomal hernia of loop stoma and relationships with other stoma complications in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Nishizawa Yuji , Ikeda Koji , Tsukada Yuichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Ito Masaaki
Published: August 2019

Purpose: Laparoscopic approach is now a widespread technique used worldwide, but there are few recent studies on risk factors for parastomal hernia. Therefore, this study was performed to analyze the incidence of parastomal hernia in laparoscopic or open loop stoma, and to determine risk factors for parastomal hernia formation. Associations between parastomal hernia and other stoma-related complications were also analyzed.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient and surgical characteristics was performed in 153 consecutive cases with stoma creation in loop ileostomy or colostomy performed at our hospital from January to December 2016.
Results: Parastomal hernia developed in 77 cases (50.3%), including 39 (25.5%) diagnosed by physical examination and 38 (24.8%) detected by CT alone. In univariate analysis, a stoma that did not pass through the middle of the rectus abdominis muscle was a significant risk factor for parastomal hernia. This remained as the only independent risk factor for parastomal hernia formation in multivariate analysis. An additional analysis identified a laparoscopic approach as the only independent risk factor for formation of a stoma that did not pass through the middle of the rectus abdominis muscle. An analysis of stoma-related complications showed that peristomal skin disorders were significantly associated with parastomal hernia formation.
Conclusions: This study showed that a stoma that is not formed through the middle of the rectus abdominis muscle is a risk factor for parastomal hernia, and that a laparoscopic approach is associated with this risk factor. Moreover, a parastomal hernia is significantly associated with peristomal skin disorders.