bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal and hydrogeological assessment of groundwater supported by soft computing modeling of heavy metal in Al-Hassa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yassin Mohamed , Abba Sani , Usman Abdullahi , Aljundi Isam
Published: February 2023

As one of the vulnerable arid regions, Saudi Arabia suffered from an optimal water crisis. Rapid population, industrialization, and urbanization mandated the water stress and agricultural water balance in the region; as such, there is a need for integrated water resources planning and management. To meet sustainable development goal six (SDGs-6), the ground and surface water need to be within the required quality and quantity. Hence there is a need for both the physical, chemical and hydrogeological assessment of groundwater in the Eastern part of Saudi Arabia. This study proposed three scenarios to assess the hydrogeological groundwater quality, namely, experimental laboratory based on fieldwork, geospatial mapping of the parameters (EC, pH, CaCO3, Turbidity, NA, k, Mg, Ca, F, Cl, Br, Li, B, Al, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, and Ba), and intelligent computational analysis using machine learning (ML). This research is motivated toward intelligent prediction of some heavy metals using neural network (NN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The evaluation criteria of the predictive results were analyzed based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), correlation coefficient (CC), and determination coefficient (DC). The outcomes proved the satisfactory ability of the NFIS model over the NN approach, despite its predictive credit. 
A satellite mission concept to unravel small-scale ocean dynamics and air-sea interactions: ODYSEA (Ocean Dynamics and Surface Exchange with the Atmosphere)
Authors: Lee Tong , Gille Sarah , Ardhuin Fabrice , Boland Justin , Bourassa Mark , Chang Paul , Cravatte Sophie , Farrar Tom , Fewings Melanie , Jacobs Gregg , Jelenak Zorana , Lyard Florent , May Jackie , Remy Elisabeth , Renault Lionel , Rodriguez Ernesto , Ubelmann Clément , Villas Bôas Bia , Wineteer Alexander
Published: February 2023

Ocean surface currents are critical not only to ocean dynamics, but also to marine ecosystems, maritime navigation and safety, search and rescue, monitoring and mitigation of marine pollution including oil spills, plastic, and debris. Wind-current coupling impacts both the ocean and the atmosphere, thereby influencing weather and climate. Recent modeling studies underscore the importance of submeoscale-to-mesoscale surface currents in ocean dynamics, marine ecosystems, and air-sea interactions. However, the present observing system is inadequate in observing these currents, posing major challenges in understanding their impacts. Moreover, many operational oceanography applications require measurements of these small-scale currents over the global ocean.  To reduce these knowledge and capability gaps, here we present a satellite mission concept “Ocean Dynamics and Surface Exchange with the Atmosphere” (ODYSEA) that is being proposed as a NASA Earth System Explorers satellite through a strong partnership with CNES. The mission will provide the first-ever measurements of total (geostrophic+ageostrophic) surface currents in the global ocean along with simultaneous measurements of ocean-surface vector winds. ODYSEA is designed to have a 1700-km wide swath, providing approximately daily coverage of the global ocean with 5-km postings. These measurements will provide an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the physical processes underlying small-scale ocean dynamics and air-sea interactions. ODYSEA’s near real-time data will support key operational needs such as weather and ocean forecasting, search and rescue, and seafaring.
Using AI and ML to support marine science research
Authors: Fava Ilaria , Thijsse Peter , Sipos Gergely , Schaap Dick
Published: February 2023

The iMagine project is devoted to developing and delivering imaging data and services for aquatic science. Started in September 2022, the project will provide a portfolio of image data collections, high-performance image analysis tools empowered with Artificial Intelligence, and best practice documents for scientific image analysis. These services and documentation will enable better and more efficient processing and analysis of imaging data in marine and freshwater research, accelerating our scientific insights about processes and measures relevant to healthy oceans, seas, and coastal and inland waters. By building on the European Open Science Cloud compute platform, iMagine delivers a generic framework for AI model development, training, and deployment, which researchers can adopt for refining their AI-based applications for water pollution mitigation, biodiversity and ecosystem studies, climate change analysis and beach monitoring, but also for developing and optimising other AI-based applications in this field. The iMagine AI development and testing framework offers neural networks, parallel post-processing of extensive data, and analysis of massive online data streams in distributed environments. The synergies among the eight aquatic use cases in the project will lead to common solutions in data management, quality control, performance, integration, provenance, and FAIRness and contribute to harmonisation across RIs. The resulting iMagine AI development and testing platform and the iMagine use case applications will provide another component to the European marine data management landscape, valid for the Digital Twin of the Ocean, EMODnet, Copernicus, and international initiatives. 
Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts
Authors: Kreibich Heidi ,   Flood and drought paired event community
Published: February 2023

Damage due to hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world. A better understanding of the drivers of increasing damage trends is essential for effective flood and drought risk management. However, empirical data is lacking about the processes in complex human-water systems that result in flood and drought damage. We present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of qualitative and quantitative socio-hydrological data. The core of the benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes and changes between the two events of a pair; 2) an overview table of key data about management, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of indicators of change between first and second event of each pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. A first analysis of the dataset revealed the general pattern that risk management normally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts, but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not experienced before (Kreibich et al. 2022a). The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses and for the development of socio-hydrological models. As such, the dataset can support solving one of the twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (Blöschl et al. 2019), namely “How can we extract information from available data on human and water systems in order to inform the building process of socio-hydrological models and conceptualisations?”. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2022b). ReferencesBlöschl, G., Bierkens, M. F., Chambel, A., et al. (2019): Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective. - Hydrological Sciences Journal - Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 64, 10, 1141-1158. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2019.1620507Kreibich, H., Loon, A. F. V., Schröter, K., et al. (2022a): The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management. - Nature, 608, 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04917-5Kreibich, H., Schröter, K., Di Baldassarre, G., et al. (2022b): Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts. https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2022.002
Particles in humus leaching solution influence the input–outputbudget of the major elements
Authors: Dincher Marie , Turpault Marie-Pierre
Published: February 2023

This study presents a complete budget of the input/output fluxes of major elements in the humus layer by considering dust inputs and, for the first time, particle output. Indeed, in a context where forest ecosystems usually develop on poor and unfertilised soils, nutrient cycles and input/output
balances are key to determine the sustainability of forests. This is especially true for the humus compartment.

In this study, we studied mulls in beech ecosystems considering two contrasting soil types. Over a timespan of 7 years the inputs and outputs of elements, i.e. both particles (dust inputs and particles in the outgoing solution) and solutions, have been quantified.

The concentrations of the elements in the particles output were 3 or 16 times higher than those in dust, because some particles were produced in the humus. The input/output balances were in equilibrium for K, Na and S in both soils and for P, Si and Mg in one soil. These elements were transported in the humus mainly as a solution or in soluble form in plant tissues. The inputs were higher than the outputs for Ca and Mn in both soils and for P, Si and Mg in one soil, which are the elements found in biominerals. This indicates that other outputs were not taken into account in this budget, such as biomineral sedimentation or uptake by fungi. In conclusion this study highlights the importance of the humus particles in element cycles.
Ecohazard posed by a rockslide that blocked salmon migration in the Fraser River, British Columbia
Authors: Venditti Jeremy G. , Menounos Brian , Heathfield Derek , Patterson David A. , Robinson Kendra A. , Moore Jonathan W. , Seagren Erin ,   Big Bar Landslide Research Team
Published: February 2023

On November 1st, 2018 the Big Bar Landslide temporarily blocked Fraser River, the most productive salmon-bearing watershed in Canada, presenting a barrier to upstream salmon migration in 2019 and 2020.  The landslide is an example of an ecohazard, similar to a natural hazard, but with immediate and direct impacts on the biosphere, rather than on people and infrastructure.  Like natural hazards, ecohazards have cascading effects, where a geophysical process triggers additional events, often with dramatic consequences.  The Big Bar Landslide originated from collapse of a steep bedrock wall and deposited 89,000 m3 of rock into one of the narrowest sections of the Fraser River, damming the channel for over 7 hours, and impounding 650,000 m3 of water.  The rockfall debris formed a bank to bank step with an ‘overfall’ that was ~4 m at low flow and ~7 m at high flow.  The overfall resembled a waterfall, but without a freefall into a plunge pool.  A backwater formed upstream that extends ~750 m upstream at low flow, but several kilometers at high flow trapping incoming sediment.  The overfall generated a hydraulic barrier to upstream salmon passage, and significantly impeded salmon migration to the Upper Fraser Basin in 2019 and 2020, but rock work has partially ameliorated the impact.  Fish passage monitoring indicates success in passing the landslide in 2019 was species and discharge dependent with population-specific estimates ranging from <1% to over 80% success.  Passage success was particularly low for early timed populations exposed to the highest flow in 2019; so few fish successfully migrated to the spawning grounds that there was a risk of functional extinction of those runs.  There is an ongoing risk to all salmon populations above the landslide until hydraulic conditions at the slide stabilize.  The event will have cascading effects on upstream ecosystems, Indigenous peoples who rely on the salmon fishery throughout the Fraser River Basin, and commercial ocean fisheries, but the extent of the cascading effects is not yet known.  Collapse of bedrock canyon walls, like the one that started the ecohazard cascade in the Fraser River, are geologically commonplace, but the risk they pose to migratory fish populations in mountainous river systems is largely unknown.
Integrating IMS data in the analysis of the Nord Stream underwater blasts in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Larsen Tine B. , Voss Peter H. , Dahl-Jensen Trine , Rinds Nicolai , Lund Björn , Schmidt Peter , Roth Michael , Eggertsson Gunnar , Köhler Andreas , Goertz-Allmann Bettina , Alvizuri Celso , Schweitzer Johannes , Oye Volker , Weidle Christian
Published: February 2023

On September 26, 2022 the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the CTBTO detected two seismic events near the Danish island of Bornholm as reported in the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). In the REB phases include both seismic and infrasound data up to 1600 km away and the events are located near the positions where large gas leaks from the Nord Stream pipelines were also observed. The events were recorded clearly by the Danish seismograph network with the closest two seismographs located on Bornholm at distances of 40 – and 70 km. Furthermore, seismographs in the surrounding countries picked up the signals and data were analysed at the national data centers. The waveforms exhibited clear properties of underwater blasts with significant P-energy and much smaller S-energy, as well as other characteristics not associated with natural earthquakes. Further analysis revealed that the second event may consist of multiple blasts close in time and space. Analysis of the events included integration between IMS data and regional data from Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Norway, communication with CTBTO experts, and served as an exercise in collaboration during an international crisis.
A polyglot tool for the evaluation of deterministic and probabilistic streamflow predictions
Authors: Hallouin Thibault , Bourgin François , Perrin Charles , Ramos Maria-Helena , Andréassian Vazken
Published: February 2023

Whether they refer to it as validation, verification, or evaluation, hydrological practitioners regularly need to compute performance metrics to measure the differences between observed and simulated/predicted streamflow time series. While the metrics used are often the same (MAE, NSE, KGE, Brier, CRPS, etc.), the tools used to compute them are seldom the same. In some cases, specific tools are not used and the computation of the metrics are directly hand written in the scripts used to analyse model outputs. In addition, the computation of performance metrics is often accompanied with a variety of pre- and post-processing steps that are rarely documented (e.g. handling of missing data, data transformation, selection of events, uncertainty estimation). This can be error prone and hinder the reproducibility of published results. The sharing of tools computing these performance metrics is likely limited by the variety of programming environments in the hydrological community, and by well-established practices in operational environments that are difficult to modify. In order to enable the sharing between researchers and practitioners and move towards more reproducible hydrological science, we argue that an evaluation tool for streamflow predictions must be polyglot (i.e. that it must be usable in several programming languages) and that it must not only compute the performance metrics themselves, but also the pre- and post-processing steps required to compute them. To this end, we present a new open source, polyglot, and compiled tool for the evaluation of deterministic and probabilistic streamflow predictions. The tool, named “evalhyd”, can be used in Python, in R, and as a command line tool. We will present the concept behind its development and illustrate how it works in practice through examples from operational streamflow predictions in France. We will also discuss further steps and remaining challenges in the evaluation of hydrological model predictions.
Modelling the Io Plasma Torus and Application to the Variability of the Io Footprint Position observed by Juno-JIRAM
Authors: Moirano Alessandro , Mura Alessandro , Bonfond Bertrand , Connerney Jack , Dols Vincent , Denis Grodent , Hue Vincent , Gérard Jean-Claude ,   JIRAM team (INAF-IAPS, CNR-ISAC, ASI; Italy)
Published: February 2023

Jupiter hosts very intense auroral emissions, which originates from various magnetospheric processes. One of these emissions is associated with the orbital motion of the innermost Galilean satellite Io, which orbits at ~5.9 RJ from Jupiter’s centre (1 RJ = 71492km). At that distance, the magnetospheric plasma is forced to corotation by the strong planetary magnetic field. Therefore Io, which orbits at a slower speed than the corotating plasma, is continuously swept by both the plasma and the Jovian magnetic field. The relative velocity between Io and the plasma triggers a perturbation that propagates along the magnetic field lines and towards the ionosphere as Alfvén waves. Along their way, the Alfvén waves can accelerate electrons into the planetary atmosphere, where they ultimately generate an auroral emission called the Io footprint. The position of the Io footprint depends on the speed of the Alfvén waves, which in turn depends on the magnetic field geometry and magnitude as well as on the plasma mass distribution around Io, whose sulfur-dioxide-rich atmosphere constantly supply a dense cloud of plasma around Jupiter, called the Io Plasma Torus.In 2016, Juno reached the Jupiter system and, since then, the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) has been observing the infrared emission associated with the Io footprint with a spatial resolution of ~ few tens of km/pixel. Thanks to the high resolutions of JIRAM, we report evidences of variability in the Io footprint position that are not related to the System III (i.e: the frame corotating with Jupiter) longitude of Io. Using a model for the plasma distribution of the Io Plasma Torus and the magnetic field, we quantitatively determine the state of the plasma distribution corresponding the JIRAM observations. This is the first attempt to retrieve quantitative information on the torus variability by using the Io footprint position. The best-fit plasma density and temperature are consistent with previous observations and analysis of the Io Plasma Torus from the Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Cassini, Galileo and Hisaki spacecrafts. Besides, we found that both density and temperature can exhibit remarkable non-System III variability, which can be ascribed either to local time asymmetry of the plasma in the Io torus or to temporal variation in the torus mass loading.
The exceptional flood in Venice on 12 November 2019: contribution of a meteotsunami
Authors: Bajo Marco , Ferrarin Christian , Orlić Mirko , Davolio Silvio , Umgiesser Georg , Lionello Piero
Published: February 2023

On 12 November 2019, an exceptional flood event occurred in Venice, second only to the one that had occurred on 4 November 1966. The event caused the flooding of about 90% of the streets in the historic centre and the sea level reached a value of 189 cm compared to the local mean-sea-level datum. Subsequent analysis of the meteorological event highlighted the contributions at different temporal and spatial scales. A sub-synoptic cyclone, centred in the Tyrrhenian Sea, caused a strong Sirocco wind along the entire Adriatic basin, with a fairly typical atmospheric configuration. However, embedded in the first cyclone, a second meso-beta scale cyclone developed and moved in the north-westward direction over the Adriatic Sea along the Italian coast. This cyclone had a speed of about 12 m/s, very close to the speed of the shallow water waves for the depth of the northern Adriatic basin. The perturbation then triggered a Proudman resonance, as confirmed by the numerical simulations, and caused a meteotsunami-like wave that affected the north-western coasts of the Adriatic Sea. Through model simulations, we have estimated that the mesoscale cyclone contributed about 40 cm, of which about 40% may be attributed to the air-pressure forcing, amplified through the Proudman resonance, and the rest to the wind forcing influencing both the open Adriatic Sea and the shallow Venetian lagoon. Finally, we have also analysed the propagation and transformation of the perturbation upon its entrance into the Venetian lagoon. This work is part of the COST action CA19109 MEDCYCLONES (European Network for Mediterranean Cyclones in weather and climate) and the Interreg Italy-Croatia STREAM project (Strategic development of flood management, project ID 10249186).
The Effect of Ion Gyroradius in the Transition from Electron-only to Ion-coupled Reconnection
Authors: Guan Yundan
Published: February 2023

    Electron-only magnetic reconnection, which occurs without ion coupling, has recently been observed in both magnetosheath and magnetotail. A previous simulation study using conditions in magnetosheath shows that obtaining electron-only reconnection needs a small enough simulation domain whose length is smaller than 10di. In this work, using 2.5-D PIC simulations, we find that the degree of ion coupling in magnetic reconnection is also adjusted by the ion gyroradius Rci. The electron-only reconnection occurs when the size of the simulation domain is less than about 2Rci. In this case, the motion of the ions is dominated by cyclotron motion, and most of the ions go through the region where the reconnection electric field exists too quickly to be accelerated, so the ion outflow and the ion current sheet do not appear. Without changing the size of simulation domains, as the ion temperature decreases, the ion gyroradius decreases, and ions gradually respond to the reconnection.
Field validation and measurement of vegetation spectral indices using low cost microcontroller-based NDVI sensor in the Philippines and Southern Benin
Authors: Bayot Rinan , Macagga Reena , Sanchez Pearl , Sossa Leonce Geoffroy , Hoffmann Mathias
Published: February 2023

Spectral vegetation indices are used for non-invasive monitoring of plant health and evaluation of plant nitrogen status, chlorophyll content, and green leaf biomass. In particular, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) is commonly used to evaluate plant health by measuring reflected near infrared (NIR) light against visible red light. This information is applied to improve the precision of fertilizer application, irrigation, and other field treatment activities. However, commercially available spectral sensors are cost-intensive, which limits its accessibility to small-scale farmers and further spectral vegetation index studies in developing countries. 

Thus, we developed a portable, low cost, open source spectral sensor, and validated its accuracy against a more established but expensive reference spectral sensor (SKR 1840(ND) with data logger component CR1000). Our low cost spectral sensor consists of SparkFun RedBoard microcontroller that is programmable in Arduino IDE. The device is mounted on a 1.8 pole to ensure similar sensor height from the reference sensor used. The program was developed and uploaded using open source Arduino Software (IDE) version 1.8.15 Additional components include Sparkfun Qwiic OpenLog (compatible from 64 MB to 32 GB microSD card) and SparkFun Real Time Clock Module (RV-1805 Qwiic). For the spectral sensors, both upward and downward facing SparkFun Spectral Sensor Breakout AS7263 NIR and AS7262 VIS spectral sensors were used. Here, we present the field validation of our portable low cost spectral sensor and the result of the year-long NDVI measurement of pineapple plants under various pineapple residue treatments in our Philippine field site. Plant height, number of leaves and leaf chlorophyll concentration were also measured in parallel to compare NDVI measurements from various pineapple residue treatments. Similar low cost sensor was developed and deployed for NDVI measurements in the field site in Southern Benin to evaluate rice crop development under various N fertilizer amount and water management practices.
Muon tomography for the Non-Destructive Testing of critical infrastructures and industrial constructions
Authors: Hektor Andi , Mägi Märt ,   GScan Detector Team
Published: February 2023

Atmospheric ray tomography (ART) uses the muons and electrons for imaging 3D structure of the scanned objects (density and atomic composition). In this talk we will describe shortly some new methods, a proof-of-concept tomography system and industrial prototypes developed by the company GScan in collaboration with our research partners. Appling plastic scintillating fibre arrays in our tomography system, we achieved the spatial resolution 120 μm and 1 mrad angular resolution in the track reconstruction having a rather compact and lightweight design (for details, see https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.12542).We showed its effectiveness on single and multi-material objects composed of low-Z materials. The tabletop physical tomography system we built showed excellent agreement between numerical modelling and real life measurements. This work opens up new routes for the commercialization of ART tomography in the security and custom field.In this talk we present some results appling our detector systems for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of critical constructions like nuclear reactors and ferro-concrete structures. In this talk we show the results of the numerical Geant4 modelling and physical lab experiments. We describe the three field projects starting in the second half of 2023.
Recent developments in the context of the TRY Plant Trait Database
Authors: Kattge Jens , Bönisch Gerhard , Lam Olee Hoi Ying , Schellenberger Costa David , Diaz Sandra , Lavorel Sandra , Prentice Iain Colin , Leadley Paul , Wirth Christian ,   TRY Consortium
Published: February 2023

Plant traits - morphological, anatomical, biochemical, physiological or phenological features measurable at the level of individuals or their component organs or tissues - reflect the outcome of evolutionary and community assembly processes responding to abiotic and biotic environmental constraints. Therefore, measurements of plant traits and trait syndromes (consistent associations of plant traits) are valuable observations to evaluate models based on eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) principles. In 2007 the TRY database project (https://www.try-db.org/) was initiated to improve the empirical basis for trait-based ecological studies, trying to bring together the different plant trait databases worldwide. As a result, the TRY Plant Trait Database has constantly been growing and has accomplished unprecedented coverage. Since 2019 the data are publicly available under a CC BY license. This presentation is supposed to provide an update on recent developments in the context of the TRY initiative, i.e. the recently released new version of the TRY database (version 6), the release of the 'Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset', and the 'rtry' R package to support preprocessing of trait data retrieved from the TRY database.
Organic aerosol sources and their water-solubility in Delhi NCR: Insights from offline Aerosol mass spectrometric technique.
Authors: Bhowmik Himadri , Rastogi Neeraj , Prévôt André , Tripathi Sachchida Nand
Published: February 2023

A major fraction of organic aerosol (OA) is water-soluble. The water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) significantly impacts aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation, and adversely affects human health. In this study, characterization of WSOA in PM2.5 was done for the samples collected at two sites (Hauz Khas and Pusa) in Delhi NCR, one of the most polluted cities in the world, during the agricultural crop-residue burning period (October-November, 2019) and winter (December, 2019) using offline aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) technique and compared with co-located real-time AMS measurements. Offline AMS provides quantitative separation of OA factors that can be primary or secondary. Offline AMS analysis showed that approximately 68% and 64% of OA are water-soluble in Hauz Khas and Pusa, respectively, which was corroborated by the filter-based measurements of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and organic carbon (OC) using a TOC-L analyzer and OCEC analyzer, respectively. Three primary factors, including traffic, biomass burning, and solid fuel combustion, and two secondary factors (or sources) were resolved with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis on the WSOA data from offline AMS. The results showed that secondary factors dominated the WSOA (~41%), followed by biomass-burning organic aerosol (BBOA) (30-34%).  In addition, the recoveries of the organic factors from several sources, including traffic, biomass burning, solid fuel combustion, and secondary organic aerosol are discussed. More oxidized organic aerosol (MO-OOA) is highly water soluble (88-92%), representing highly oxidized compounds generated from aqueous-phase reactions. The relatively small contribution of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) to WSOA was most likely due to their low water solubility. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the OA sources and their water solubility over the study region.
Data worth analysis within a model-free data assimilation framework for soil moisture flow
Authors: Wang Yakun , Hu Xiaolong , Wang Lijun , Li Jinmin , Lin Lin , Huang Kai , Shi Liangsheng
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Conventional data-worth (DW) analysis for soil water problems depends on physical dynamic models. The widespread occurrence of model structural errors and the strong nonlinearity of soil water flow may lead to biased or wrong worth assessment. By introducing the nonparametric data-worth analysis (NP-DWA) framework coupled with ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), this real-world case study attempts to assess the worth of potential soil moisture observations regarding the reconstruction of fully data-driven soil water flow models prior to data gathering. The DW of real-time soil moisture observations after Gaussian process training and Kalman update was quantified with three representative information metrics, including the trace, Shannon entropy difference, and relative entropy. The sequential NP-DWA framework was examined by a number of cases in terms of the variable of interest, spatial location, observation error, and prior data content. Our results indicated that the overall increasing trend of the DW from the sequential augmentation of additional observations was susceptible to interruptions by localized surges due to never-experienced atmospheric conditions (i.e., rainfall events) within the NP-DWA framework. Fortunately, this performance degradation can be effectively alleviated by enriching training scenarios or the appropriate amplification of observational noise under extreme meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, a substantial expansion of the prior data content may cause an unexpected increase in DW of future potential observations due to the possible introduction of ensuing observation noises. Hence, high-quality and representative “small” data may be a better choice than unfiltered “big” data. Compared with the observations in the surface layer with the strongest time-variability, the soil water content in the middle layer robustly exhibited remarkable superiority in the construction of model-free soil moisture models. An alternative monitoring strategy with a larger data-worth was prone to a higher DW assessment accuracy within the proposed NP-DWA framework. We also demonstrated that the DW assessment performance was jointly determined by ‘3C’, i.e., capacity of potential observation realizations to “capture” actual observations, correlation of potential observations with the variables of interest, and choice of DW indicators. Direct mapping from regular meteorological data to soil water content within the NP-DWA mitigated the adverse effects of nonlinearity-related interference, which thus facilitated the identification of the soil moisture covariance matrix, especially the cross-covariance.
The role of history in and for climate science – Social context and oral accounts
Authors: von Storch Hans
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The history of ideas is a key ingredient for understanding the knowledge generated and maintained by any science. In the case of western climate science this history is long has undergone various significant changes – beginning with climatic determinism, to physics of the atmosphere and oceans to a determinant of climate policies in recent times. These ideas went along with significant societal perceptions of climate, of ”us” and ”them”, and using climate change as a tool to govern people. As a natural science field, also climate science invests relatively little on the history of ideas, forgetting significant past personalities as well as past falsified concepts. In order to keep history alive, to ”put people behind the science”, in option is to resort to the old method of ”oral history”, to interview contemporary personalities about what happened, but also how they, and their social milieu, perceived the dynamics and role of climate. To do so, the author has archived many interviews with both matured climate scientists at the end of their career, but also with younger scholars.
Metabolic resistance to deltamethrin is mediated by P450 and esterases in common bed bugs Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Cáceres M. , Drago A. , Orihuela P.L. Santo , Vassena C.V.
Published: February 2023

The infestations of Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) registered in the last decades have been influenced by several human activities, including international tourism and commerce. Moreover, the development of insecticide resistance and careless pest control strategies contributed to the dispersal of bed bugs. Given the complexity of the topic, distinguishing physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in resistance can help design proper control tools and limit the resistance spread. Here we determined the susceptibility to deltamethrin and imidacloprid in bed bugs collected in Italy. Also, we assessed the role of esterases and P450 monooxygenases by direct enzymatic activity measurement and inhibition by synergism bioassays. Our results showed that the field-collected colony exhibited high resistance ratios to imidacloprid and deltamethrin (757 and >60,000 times, respectively) compared to the susceptible colony. Moreover, resistant bed bugs showed increased activity of esterases and P450 monooxygenases. The synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) suggests the significant contribution of both enzymatic groups as detoxification pathways implicated in pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs. Further investigations are needed to unravel the biochemical and molecular basis involved in the resistant phenotype for developing novel strategies for pest control.
Increased abundance of floodwater mosquito species over three seasons in Forshaga municipality, western Sweden
Authors: Hesson J.C. , Schäfer M.L. , Lundström J.O.
Published: February 2023

Floodwater mosquitoes are a main cause of mosquito nuisance in several European countries, including Sweden. Since 2002, a large-scale mosquito control programme around the river Dalälven in eastern Sweden targets floodwater mosquito species such as Aedes sticticus. The current study was initiated due to citizen complaints about nuisance mosquitoes around Deje village in Forshaga municipality, a region situated at the river Klarälven in western Sweden. Over three years, 2010-2012, mosquito collections with CDC-light traps and morphological species identification were performed to determine the nuisance causing mosquito species and to describe the seasonality, abundance and species composition of mosquitoes in the area. Over the three years of collections at eight trap sites, mosquito abundance increased with a mean of 282 mosquitoes collected per trap-night in 2010, 702 mosquitoes per trap-night in 2011, and 1,367 mosquitoes per trap-night in 2012. The increase in abundance was mainly due to an increase of floodwater mosquitoes, with Ae. sticticus as the main species. Single traps collected over 5,000 floodwater mosquitoes at several occasions in 2011 and 2012. A correlation between river discharge exceeding 300 m3/s and an increase in floodwater mosquito abundance three weeks later when average air temperatures were around 15 °C could be seen. Interestingly, river discharge was the highest in 2010, however mosquito abundance was higher in both 2011 and 2012. Potentially, the increasing number of diapausing eggs available after each season has contributed to the amplification of the Ae. sticticus population in the region.
Análise da comparação do desabastecimento de medicamentos nos meses de maio e julho de 2022 no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Magalhães Thainá Cruz , Silva Ingrid de Oliveira , Fernandes Luciana Canetto , Falvo Adriano , Mourad Vanessa Boeira Farigo , Bisson Marcelo Polacow , Marini Danyelle Cristine
Published: February 2023

Em 2022 o mundo vem sofrendo com a falta de medicamento nos diversos tipos de estabelecimentos decorrente de diferentes fatos mundiais, com destaque para a pandemia do COVID-19 e a guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia. Tais fatos atrapalharam as importações trazendo malefícios para o Brasil, uma vez que ele depende quase 100% da importação dos insumos farmacêuticos ativos. O presente estudo descritivo transversal buscou comparar os dados do desabastecimento de diversas classes de medicamentos como antimicrobiano, mucolítico, anti-histamínico e analgésico nos estabelecimentos privados e públicos do Estado de São Paulo, utilizando somente dados de farmacêuticos que afirmaram sofrer com essa crise. Os dados foram coletados no período de 19 de maio de 2022 a 30 de maio de 2022 e 19 de julho de 2022 a 30 de julho de 2022 publicados pelo Conselho Regional de Farmácia do Estado de São Paulo. Todas as classes medicamentosas apresentaram aumento no desabastecimento no mês de julho, tendo como destaque os antimicrobianos, enquanto os analgésicos sofrem menor impacto. Toda essa problemática resultou em limitações para os tratamentos, uma vez que em muitos casos não foi possível utilizar medicamentos de primeira escolha. Devido a isso, o Ministério da Saúde apresentou algumas medidas alternativas para amenizar essa situação, como a racionalização dos medicamentos. Sendo assim, nesse contexto é importante estudar tal comparação entre os fármacos que mais então em falta para poder diminuir o prejuízo aos pacientes e ajudar os profissionais da saúde a encontrar diversas soluções até que esse problema do desabastecimento seja resolvido.
Correlation Of Birth Weight With Stunting In Babies Aged 6-24 Months
Authors: Najamuddin Nur Isriani , Wahab Masyitah
Published: February 2023

Background: Stunting is one indicator of chronic nutritional status that describes stunted growth due to long-term malnutrition. One of the causes of stunting in children is family and household factors, namely maternal factors and the home environment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between birth weight and the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6-24 months Method: This research was conducted in an analytical descriptive manner, namely research that tried to explore how the health phenomenon occurred. The population in this study was a number of infants aged 6-24 months, namely 48 infants. Considering that at the time of the study, there were 15 infants who were unreachable and, not in place at the time of the study, while the researcher's time was very limited, so in this study the researcher used a sample of 33 6-24 month old baby. Result: from the analysis test results with Fisher's exact test, a significance value of 0.023 and an odds ratio of 18.75 was obtained. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that from 33 infants aged 6-24 months, there are 7 babies who are LBW and 4 babies who are stunted. There is no relationship between birth weight and the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6-24 months where LBW babies are 18 times more likely to experience stunting than babies born with normal birth weight.
Current strategy of personnel policy formation in public administration
Authors: Tarasov Serhiy , Pasynchuk Kyrylo , Panimash Iuliia , Horbachenko Yuriy
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the peculiarities of the current strategy of personnel policy formation in public administration, defines the innovation concept, the components of the innovation process in the public administration system.
The basic indicators of the current innovative concept of personnel policy formation in the market economy conditions are highlighted, stemming from the following ideas: flexibility and adaptability of human resource development strategy, putting together people and their property and power, which ensures every person’s freedom for occupation, active participation in personnel policy decision and its further implementation at the state, region and enterprise levels, flexibility and novel technologies of HR management activities.
Дослідження впливу параметрів системи генерування та подавання компресійної піни
Authors: Vinogradov Stanislav , Shahov Stanislav , Polivanov Оlexander , Hryshchenko Dmytro
Published: February 2023

За допомогою математичної моделі процесу генерування та подавання компресійної піни, інтегрованої у програмне середовище MathLab проведено дослідження впливу технічних параметрів системи компресійної піни, зокрема тиску в системі, розміру повітряного та рідинного сопла на її кратність. На сьогодні поза увагою залишились невирішена частина проблеми проектування цих систем, яка полягає у дослідження впливу її технічних параметрів на властивості піни, а саме на її кратність, від якої залежить вогнегасна ефективність. Встановлено, що за збільшенням тиску від 4 до 6 бар, а також підвищенні діаметру рідинного сопла від 4 мм до 8 мм спостерігається зменшення кратності на 136 %. При подальшому підвищенні тиску до 8 бар та збільшенні діаметру водяного сопла до 12 мм спостерігається зниження кратності на 85 %. У разі підвищення тиску та збільшенні діаметру сопла для подавання повітря у 1,5 рази, спостерігається підвищення кратності майже у 2,5 рази та становить 18. У разі підвищення тиску у 2 рази та збільшення розміру отвору для подавання повітря на 200 % від нижніх рівнів чинників спостерігається підвищення кратності майже у 4,5 разів. У разі збільшення або зменшення водяного сопла відповідно зменшується або зростає кратність піни. Зміна кратності від зміни діаметра повітряного сопла має обернено пропорційний характер відносно водяного сопла, а саме за збільшення або зменшення діаметра повітряного сопла кратність відповідно зростає або зменшується. За сталого тиску та змінних діаметрів рідинного та повітряного сопел результати схожі – чим більше діаметр повітряного та чим менше діаметр водяного сопла, тим більше кратність піни. Отримані результати у вигляді регресійних рівняння є важливими, оскільки дозволяють визначати потрібні параметри систем генерування та подавання компресійної піни в залежності від того, піну якої кратності необхідно отримати.
Геометричне моделювання епігіпотрохоїдних профілів одногвинтових насосів Муано
Authors: Linchevsky Yevhen , Kutsenko Leonid , Kalynovskyi Andrii , Semkiv Valeriya , Nazarenko Sergii , Sukharkova Elena
Published: February 2023

Запропоновано спосіб розрахунку геометричних форм поверхонь, які обмежують ротор та корпус моделей одногвинтових насосів системи Муано. При цьому контури нормальних перетинів ротора і корпуса задовольняють умові взаємоспряженості в системі координат площини, яка перпендикулярна (нормальна) осі насоса. Введено поняття епігіпотроходних кривих, зручних для розрахунку взаємоспряжених поверхонь ротора і корпуса. Які складаються з робочих профілів періодично розташованих епітрохоїд і гіпотрохоїд. Знайдено описи епігіпотрохоїдних кривих у параметричному вигляді, де кожне з рівнянь має вигляд єдиного аналітичного виразу. Засобами графічних побудов проілюстровано взаємоспряженість контурів нормальних перетинів ротора і корпуса. На базі цього розроблено способи: а) визначення інтегральних характеристик та контактних ліній епігіпотрохоїдних контурів ротора і корпуса насосів Муано; б) опису циліндричної гвинтової поверхні з епігіпотрохоїдним нормальним перерізом. Це дозволило розраховувати характеристики об’єму порожнин насоса. Запропоновані рівняння епігіпотрохоїдних кривих можливо використати для дослідження їх диференціальних характеристик – побудови дотичних і нормалей, побудови векторів швидкості та прискорення для точки, яка рухається по епігіпотрохоїді. А також зручно використати для дослідження їх інтегральних характеристик – обчислення площі фігури, обмеженої замкнутою епігіпотрохоїдною кривою, або фігури між двома епігіпо-трохоїдами. Одержані результати можуть скласти основу удосконалення одногвинтових насосів Муано, що розширить діапазон їх застосування. Зазначимо, що одногвинтові насоси Муано використовуються для перекачування різних типів рідин, що можна використати в роботі аварійно-рятувальних служб. Насоси здатні перекачувати стічні і каналізаційні води, нафтопродукти, пінобетон й піщано-цементні розчини тощо.
Оцінка впливу вологості повітря на розрахунковий надлишковий тиск вибуху
Authors: Roianov Oleksii , Katunin Albert , Melezhyk Roman , Bogatov Oleg
Published: February 2023

Здійснено оцінку впливу вологості повітря на розрахунковий надлишковий тиск вибуху під час визначення категорії приміщень виробництв за вибухопожежонебезпекою, в яких присутні, обертаються та зберігаються легкозаймисті рідини. В дослідженні наведено дані, які свідчать про кількісні показники наявності води у вигляді парів та їх залежність від температури навколишнього середовища та вологості. На конкретному прикладі з легкозаймистою рідиною було проведено розрахунок надлишкового тиску вибуху та висунуто гіпотезу, що наявність вологості в приміщенні, де присутні легкозаймисті та горючі рідини, може впливати на результат визначення розрахункового надлишкового тиску вибуху, який, в свою чергу, може привести до хибного визначення категорії приміщення за вибухопожежонебезпекою. Для підтвердження висунутої гіпотези спочатку розрахунки було проведено без урахування вологості повітря, а потім було проведено оцінку з урахуванням вологості повітря в приміщенні. Початкові значення вологості повітря було обрано відповідно до вимог щодо забезпечення параметрів середовища в виробничих приміщеннях. З урахуванням цього були проведені розрахунки сумішей парів легкозаймистої рідини та парів води. Проведення дослідження було засноване тільки на використані теоретичних методів, без використання експериментального дослідження. В результаті досліджень отримані результати, які підтвердили гіпотезу стосовно впливу вологості на значення розрахункового надлишкового тиску вибуху. Похибка визначення розрахункового надлишкового тиску має місце і потребує додаткових досліджень. Отримані в результаті дослідження оцінки є важливими оскільки показано вплив вологості в виробничому приміщенні на розрахункове значення надлишкового тиску вибуху, за яким робиться висновок щодо належності приміщення з легкозаймистою або горючою рідиною до певної категорії за вибухопожежонебезпекою.