bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual and unit level insights from hospital staff ratings on structural empowerment, leadership-management performance, well-being, and quality of care
Authors: Lundin Karin , Engström Maria , Skytt Bernice , Strömberg Annika , Silén Marit
Published: November 2024

Background

Leadership and access to structural empowerment are known to influence the work life experiences of staff and quality of care. Knowledge about relationships between specific factors of structural empowerment, leadership and management, staff well-being and quality of care at both an individual and unit level is scarce.

Aim

To study the relationship between staff-rated access to empowering structures, leadership and management performance, well-being, and quality of care in hospital settings measured at the individual level and aggregated at the unit level.

Methods

A cross-sectional correlative design was applied. Questionnaire data from 331 randomized hospital nursing staff working at 38 units in 25 hospitals in Sweden were analyzed using bivariate correlations and general estimation equation (GEE) models.

Results

Results from the bivariate analysis of relationships confirmed earlier research. In the GEE models, some unexpected results were found and differences between the individual and unit levels. Adding management and leadership as independent factors in the second model showed few relationships of significance to the outcome variables.

Conclusion

Results confirm the importance of staff access to empowering structures in relation to well-being and quality of care. Differences and similarities were shown when studying these relationships at both the individual and unit level. The findings feature implications for hospital management to promote staff access to empowering structures. The findings provide information on how these structures relate to the individual and the unit; information that could be useful when planning or implementing strategies with the aim to promote staff well-being and care quality. The non-significant results for leadership and management in relation to staff outcomes in the GEE-models, raise questions for further research where a shift from individual to organizational focused performances within the field of leadership is implied.
Retention in primary care among unstably housed residents of a low-income, inner-city neighborhood with a high prevalence of substance use and related disorders
Authors: Gumprich M. , Zhang W. , Li J. , Salters K. , Barrios R. , Sereda P. , Stanley C. , Joe R. , Hall D. , Lima V. , Sincraian G. , Changir A. Marante , Parry R. , Fulton C. , Wesseling T. , Montaner J. , Parashar S. , Moore David M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Access to and engagement with primary healthcare can be difficult for marginalized low-income populations residing in inner cities in high-income countries. We designed a study to examine retention in primary care among clients of a novel interdisciplinary primary care clinic in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, Canada who did not previously have access to care.

Methods

Beginning in June 2021, clients of the Hope to Health clinic were offered enrolment in a cohort study which involved a baseline and follow-up surveys every six months, and linking their data to information from the clinic’s electronic medical records. We used Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare clients who were lost to follow-up (LTFU) or deceased, with clients who were retained in care at the end of follow-up, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine independent associations with mortality or LTFU.

Results

Among 425 participants enrolled, the median age was 50 years (IQR 40–59), 286 (67.3%) participants were men and 128 (25.4%) were unstably housed at enrollment. Among 338 participants with at least six months of follow-up after enrolment, 262 participants (67.5%) were retained in care, 20 (5.2%) had moved, 57 (14.7%) were classified as LTFU, and 28 (7.2%) had died with a median of 19.9 months of follow-up time. The risk of death or LTFU was independently associated diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.23 vs. not; 1.38–3.60), frequency of medical doctor visits (AHR = 0.69 per visit per 3 months; 0.60–0.79) and social work visits (AHR = 0.73 per visit per 3 months; 0.59–0.90. Stimulant use disorder or asthma were not significantly associated with retention in care.

Conclusion

We found that a primary healthcare model of care was successful in retaining over two-thirds of clients in primary healthcare after more than 18 months of follow-up. Additional supports for those diagnosed with alcohol use disorder are needed to retain them in care.
Development of the 10-question household foodwork interactional assessment questionnaire (FIA-Q10)
Authors: Cahill Leah E. , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. , Mah Catherine L. , Protudjer Jennifer LP. , Kendell Cynthia , Jung Mary E. , Wong Helen , Crumley Ellen T. , Day Meghan , Tang Karen T. Y. , Huang Yan , Sihag Jyoti , Brady Laura , Tennankore Karthik K , Tangri Navdeep , Mollard Rebecca C. , MacKay Dylan
Published: November 2024

Background

Public health nutrition recommendations and clinical dietary interventions emphasize eating healthy food at home, implicitly requiring household foodwork. Household foodwork is defined as the physical and mental tasks a household does for eating meals and snacks. Because no tools exist to measure it, how much time people spend doing household foodwork and the foodwork barriers they experience remain unknown. The objective of the present research was to develop the first stand-alone household foodwork assessment tool.

Methods

Through informal interviews with partners with lived experience, clinicians, and researchers, a literature review, a stakeholder meeting of advisors, and a two-round electronic Delphi process including face/content validation by expert panelists (n = 21), we developed the 10-question household foodwork interactional assessment questionnaire (FIA-Q10). An optional accompanying module was developed to collect self-identified demographic data to provide context for understanding how social-structural positionality factors may interact to influence foodwork.

Results

The FIA-Q10 assesses the domains of household composition, frequency of eating at home, special diets within a household, foodwork stress intensity, foodwork barriers, desired supports related to foodwork, and time use for foodwork. The FIA-Q10 measures time use for four subdomains of foodwork among individuals and their households: (1) planning, (2) getting, (3) preparing/cooking, and (4) cleaning up food. In the second Delphi round, the FIA-Q10 scored 95% for language appropriateness, 67% for visual appropriateness, 95% for relevance, 95% for representativeness, and 95% for distribution. Suggested improvements were implemented. All Delphi panelists (100%) reported they would consider using the FIA-Q10.

Conclusions

The FIA-Q10’s development is the first step towards a standardized assessment of foodwork, enabling examination of challenges in foodwork that may impact nutrition and nutrition equity. Future research will focus on FIA-Q10 validation in multiple populations.
Melittin - the main component of bee venom: a promising therapeutic agent for neuroprotection through keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation
Authors: Nguyen Cong Duc , Yoo Jaehee , Jeong Sang Jun , Ha Hai-Anh , Yang Ji Hye , Lee Gihyun , Shin Jeong Cheol , Kim Jae-Hong
Published: November 2024

The Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2)/ Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, known for its significant role in regulating innate antioxidant defense mechanisms, is increasingly being recognized for its potential in neuroprotection studies. Derived from bee venom, melittin's neuroprotective effects have raised interest. This study confirmed that melittin specificity upregulated the weakened Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in mice brain. Interestingly, we also revealed melittin’s efficient tactic, as it was suggested to first restore redox balance and then gradually stabilized other regulations of the mouse hippocampus. Using a neuro-stress-induced scopolamine model, chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that melittin crossed the compromised blood–brain barrier and accumulated in the hippocampus, which provided the chance to interact directly to weakened neurons. A wide range of improvements of melittin action were observed from various tests from behavior Morris water maze, Y maze test to immune florescent staining, western blots. As we need to find out what is the focus of melittin action, we conducted a careful observation in mice which showed that: the first signs of changes, in the hippocampus, within 5 h after melittin administration were the restoration of the Nrf2/HO-1 system and suppression of oxidative stress. After this event, from 7 to 12.5 h after administration, a diversity of conditions was all ameliorated: inflammation, apoptosis, neurotrophic factors, cholinergic function, and tissue ATP level. This chain reaction underscores that melittin focus was on redox balance's role, which revived multiple neuronal functions. Evidence of enhancement in the mouse hippocampus led to further exploration with hippocampal cell line HT22 model. Immunofluorescence analysis showed melittin-induced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, which would initiating the translation of antioxidant genes like HO-1. Pathway inhibitors pinpointed melittin's direct influence on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. 3D docking models and pull-down assays suggested melittin's direct interaction with Keap1, the regulator of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Overall, this study not only highlighted melittin specifically effect on Nrf2/HO-1, thus rebalancing cellular redox, and also showed that this is an effective multi-faceted therapeutic strategy against neurodegeneration.
The epidemic of human papillomavirus virus-related oropharyngeal cancer: current controversies and future questions
Authors: Chen Allen M.
Published: November 2024

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal cancer has increased to epidemic-like proportions in the United States and other industrialized nations. While significant progress has been made in the understanding of this disease with respect to its underlying biology and clinical behavior, numerous questions persist regarding treatment. It is now firmly established that patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer have a significantly improved prognosis as a result of their exquisite radiosensitivity compared to their HPV-negative counterparts and thus can be targeted with de-escalated approaches using reduced doses of radiation and/or chemotherapy. The fundamental goal of de-escalation is to maintain the high cure and survival rates associated with traditional approaches while reducing the incidence of both short- and long-term toxicity. Although the exact reason for the improved radiosensitivity of HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma is unclear, prospective studies have now been published demonstrating that de-escalated radiation can successfully maintain the high rates of cure and preserve quality of life for appropriately selected patients with this disease. However, the selection criteria and specific means for de-escalation remain uncertain, and paradigms continue to evolve. Given that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is increasingly recognized as a public health problem, the search for answers to many of these provocative questions has important societal implications and is the subject of this review.
Understanding the role of TNFR2 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
Authors: Mussa Ali , Ismail Nor Hayati , Hamid Mahasin , Al-Hatamleh Mohammad A. I. , Bragoli Anthony , Hajissa Khalid , Mokhtar Noor Fatmawati , Mohamud Rohimah , Uskoković Vuk , Hassan Rosline
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women. It is characterized by a high level of heterogeneity that emerges from the interaction of several cellular and soluble components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as cytokines, tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 (TNFR2) appears to play a significant role in microenvironmental regulation, tumor progression, immune evasion, drug resistance, and metastasis of many types of cancer, including BC. However, the significance of TNFR2 in BC biology is not fully understood. This review provides an overview of TNFR2 biology, detailing its activation and its interactions with important signaling pathways in the TME (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways). We discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting TNFR2, with the aim of enhancing the antitumor immune response to BC. This review provides insights into role of TNFR2 as a major immune checkpoint for the future treatment of patients with BC.
IRF4 regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and function in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice
Authors: Zhou Lu , Lin Peibin , Deng Guorong , Mo Lengshan , Hong Cansheng , Jiang Zhihan , Zhu Yiqiang , Zhao Yi , Qi Yanwei , Hu Tengfei , Wu Qianlian , Zhang Jian , Li Qingqing , Yang Quan
Published: November 2024

Background

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a crucial member of the IRF family of transcription factors and is pivotal in orchestrating the body’s defense against tumors and infections by modulating the differentiation and functionality of immune cells. The role of IRF4 in mice during Schistosoma japonicum infection, as well as the effects of IRF4 deficiency on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), remains inadequately understood.

Methods

Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathological damage in different organs of mice following infection with S. japonicum. Flow cytometry was employed to study the effect of IRF4 on the proliferation and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in S. japonicum-infected mice.

Results

Knockout of IRF4 in myeloid cells significantly mitigated pathological damage to the liver and lungs in mice infected with S. japonicum. Knockout of IRF4 in myeloid cells also inhibited the expansion and functionality of MDSCs by downregulating programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) secretion in mice infected with S. japonicum. Mechanistic studies revealed that IRF4 deficiency inhibited the expansion and function of MDSCs and that this inhibition was mediated by the STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways. Also, IRF4 myeloid knockout promoted the expansion of T cells in S. japonicum-infected mice, but had no significant effect on B cell aggregation.

Conclusions

Overall, these findings highlight the importance of IRF4 in regulating MDSCs and their impact on tissue damage during S. japonicum infection, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing the pathological consequences of this parasitic infection.

Graphical Abstract
Heterogeneity in the formation of primary and secondary visual fields during human prenatal development
Authors: Godovalova Olga , Proshchina Alexandra , Kharlamova Anastasia , Barabanov Valeriy , Krivova Yuliya , Junemann Olga , Shahina Marina , Saveliev Sergey
Published: November 2024

The human neocortex has a huge surface area with unique cytoarchitectonics, most of which is concealed in sulci. Some cytoarchitectonic fields are associated with macroscopic landmarks. In particular, the primary visual field 17 is associated with the calcarine sulcus. During the prenatal development of the human brain, neocortical gyri and sulci undergo changes and modifications after primary formation. To explore the morphogenetic processes in visual fields during the formation of the primary (provisional) and secondary (permanent) sulci, the occipital lobe of the human fetal brain was studied using immunohistochemical methods. The distribution of various glial and neuronal markers (S-100, β-III-tubulin, NeuN, reelin) in the calcarine sulcus and parietooccipital sulcus was compared. The heterogeneity in the formation of primary and secondary visual fields was demonstrated. The study revealed that the development of the primary visual field 17, linked with the calcarine sulcus, preceded the development of a shared anlage of fields 18 and 19 linked with the parietooccipital sulcus. The functional differentiation of the primary visual field begins during the period of thalamic afferent ingrowth. This process coincides with the temporal smoothing of the calcarine sulcus, indicating a simultaneous progression of functional specialization and structural modifications. At the late fetal period, cortical plate of gyri and sulci banks showed higher NeuN-labeling than inside the sulcus in the same cytoarchitectonic field.
Which dietary patterns fend off nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review of observational and interventional studies
Authors: Bakhshimoghaddam Farnush , Baez Daniel , Dolatkhah Neda , Sheikh Mahdi , Poustchi Hossein , Hekmatdoost Azita , Dawsey Stanford , Kamangar Farin , Abnet Christian , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash , Hashemian Maryam
Published: November 2024

Background

The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has significantly risen over the past decade. Dietary intake strongly influences its development and should be a component of any prevention and treatment plan strategy. Dietary pattern analysis enables the investigation of the overall diet and permits the consideration of interactions and cumulative effects of dietary components. The current study aimed to systematically review observational studies and intervention trials to determine the associations between various dietary patterns and NAFLD.

Methods

The protocol was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We included studies that reported a priori dietary pattern (i.e., diet quality scores) or a posteriori method, which identified existing eating patterns (i.e., principal component analysis) in adult participants. Two investigators conducted independent screening, extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle‒Ottawa or Jadad scale. A third reviewer resolved conflicts.

Results

We identified 27 relevant observational and 16 interventional studies from 16 countries. A Mediterranean or DASH diet might prevent and improve NAFLD, whereas dietary patterns such as Western dietary patterns characterized by high consumption of sweets and animal foods such as red meat and fast food are positively associated with NAFLD. A low-carbohydrate diet effectively prevents and treats NAFLD; however, we need more research on the effects of a low-fat diet and the type of fats.

Conclusion

Healthy dietary patterns, mainly plant-based or adjusted macronutrient distributions, such as the adoption of a low-carbohydrate diet, are linked to a reduced risk of NAFLD and could halt its progression. We proposed recommendations for future studies to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the management of NAFLD via dietary modifications.
Ground ants as indicators of biodiversity in cashew agroecosystems in Tanzania
Authors: Olotu Moses I.
Published: November 2024

Background

Ants are a diverse and ecologically important group of insects that play vital roles in terrestrial ecosystems globally. In agricultural settings, they act as effective biocontrol agents against insect pests. Ants also serve as bioindicators of environmental health, reflecting changes in habitat and pollution. However, research on their diversity and population dynamics in cashew agroecosystems remains limited.

Results

The sampling was conducted using a pitfall trap that targeted three sampling zones viz., under African weaver ants colonised (AWAC) cashew trees, AWA-uncolonised (AWAUC) ones, and buffer zones (BZ). A total of 14,004 ants from six subfamilies, 18 genera, and 32 species were sampled, with 7,686 sampled during season one and 630 sampled during season two. The study found significant differences in ant populations across sampled zones, which were significantly different in season one (F(2.107) = 5.4; P = 0.01) and season two (F(2.107) = 3.32; P = 0.04). However, more ants were sampled under AWAUC cashew trees compared to AWAC cashew trees and the BZ (F(2.74) = 4.46; P = 0.02) at Nyamato during season one. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index yielded comparable results to Margalef’s species richness index for all three zones, which differed significantly in both seasons at Nyamato and season one at Chambezi. A SIMPER analysis showed an overall dissimilarity of 94.5% at Soga due to the presence of invasive species (Pheidole megacephala and Anoplolepis custodiens) and AWA, which was consistently observed across all the experimental sites.

Conclusion

The variety and number of ant species in cashew agroecosystems are influenced by several factors, including the presence of dominant ant species and weeding practices. Promoting biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems is crucial for supporting beneficial insect populations and mitigating the risks posed by invasive ant species. Currently, there is no effective bait available for controlling these invasive ant species, indicating a need for further research to develop such bait. This would facilitate the foraging activities of other ant species, including beneficial ones.
Primary pleural small-cell carcinoma with paraneoplastic syndrome: a case series
Authors: Gupta Rahul Kumar , Pundir Sammi , Agrawal Vaibhav
Published: November 2024

Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumour that usually presents as a centrally located mass or mediastinal lesion. It clinically manifests as a feature of airway obstruction or haemoptysis with paraneoplastic syndrome being common entity. Extrapulmonary origin and metastatic pleural involvement are rare. Primary pleural involvement without lung lesion is extremely rare in small-cell cancer. In this case series, we are describing clinical features with radiological findings and thoracoscopic appearance and histopathology of three cases diagnosed as small-cell lung cancer with primary pleural involvement and different paraneoplastic syndrome with their response to chemotherapy.
Targeting Metabolomics in Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy: Uncovering Novel Insights into Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Pang Qianqian , Qi Xuan , Chi Yue , Jiajue Ruizhi , Zhang Li , Cui Lijia , Wang Ou , Li Mei , Xing Xiaoping , Jiang Yan , Gong Yiyi , Xia Weibo
Published: November 2024

Context

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal and skin abnormalities. Genetic defects in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolism are known to cause PHO. However, the global impact and clinical significance of eicosanoids and oxylipins beyond PGE2 remain to be elucidated.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate oxylipin networks in PHO, including the 2 subtypes, PHOAR1 and PHOAR2, and examine their associations with clinical characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a targeted metabolomic study involving 16 patients with PHO and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum samples were collected at the time of diagnosis. Metabolites were quantified using ultra-high–performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Laboratory analyses confirmed elevated levels of PGE2 in patients with PHO, consistent with the established pathogenesis. About 60 oxidized lipid metabolites were identified, with 19 differentially expressed in PHO. Besides the COX/PGE2 pathway, the lipoxygenase-mediated pathway was also involved in PHO. The metabolites 5-OxoETE, 15-OxoETE, 8S,15S-DiHETE, PGE2, 11β-PGE2, PGB2, LTB4, and LTE4 were significantly altered. Correlation analyses revealed associations between oxylipin metabolites and clinical features, including bone microarchitecture. Notably, the study highlighted differences in the oxylipin metabolite profiles between patients with PHOAR1 and patients with PHOAR2, suggesting distinct metabolic signatures for each subtype.

Conclusion

Our study indicated a significant perturbation in oxylipin metabolism among patients with PHO, with distinct metabolic signatures observed between PHOAR1 and PHOAR2. The disruption extended beyond the metabolism of PGE2. It encompassed a broader alteration across the polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism spectrum, including various eicosanoids and oxylipins. Our work provided a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of PHO, and underscored the potential for subtype-specific therapeutic interventions.
Torque–angle relationships of human toe flexor muscles highlight their capacity for propulsion in gait
Authors: Wisdish Samuel J. , Rice Hannah M. , Farris Dominic J.
Published: November 2024

Human proficiency for bipedal locomotion relies on the structure and function of our feet, including the interplay between active muscles and passive structures acting on the toes during the propulsive phase of gait. However, our understanding of the relative contributions of these different structures remains incomplete. We aimed to determine the distinct toe-flexion torque–angle relationships of the plantar intrinsic muscles (PIMs), extrinsic muscles and passive structures, therefore offering insight into their force-generating capabilities and importance for walking and running. Torque–angle data were twice collected from nine healthy individuals (6 males, 3 females; 28±5 years) using supramaximal transcutaneous electrical stimuli applied at two tibial nerve sites to distinguish between muscle-driven and passive toe-flexion torque about the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Innervating extrinsic muscles and PIMs concurrently produced peak torques (hallux=3.05±0.70 N m, MTP angle=48.0±13.6 deg; lesser digits=3.19±0.98 N m, MTP angle=42.6±13.4 deg) exceeding by 208% (hallux) and 150% (lesser digits), respectively, those from PIM stimulation alone. Notably, MTP joint angles pertinent to gait corresponded to the ascending limb of the active torque–angle relationship, with active muscle joint torques being the dominant contributor over passive torques. The latter finding suggests that human toe flexors are well adapted to generate the MTP joint torques that are necessary for walking and running. This further supports the notion that muscles acting within the foot play an important role in the foot's mechanical function and our ability to walk and run in an upright posture.
Desvendando a Reumatologia Pediátrica: Perfil Epidemiológico e Diagnóstico de Pacientes Atendidos no Ambulatório da CES em 2024
Authors: Pereira Neto Francisco Afranio , Gadelha Ferreira dos Santos Ádria , Dourado Aragão Sá Araujo Guilherme , Sales Pereira Gondim Pedro , Mesquita Teixeira Maria das Graças Rafaela , Renêe Barbosa Oliveira Jefferson , Rocha Diogenes Pessoa Matheus , Pinheiro Ibiapina Amanda , Barbosa Macedo Italo , Medeiros Melissa Soares
Published: November 2024

Este estudo investiga o perfil epidemiológico e diagnóstico dos pacientes pediátricos atendidos no ambulatório de Reumatologia da Clínica Escola de Saúde (CES) da Unichristus, desde a sua implementação, em janeiro de 2024, até outubro do mesmo ano. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e detalhada dos 125 atendimentos realizados, englobando 85 crianças e adolescentes com média de idade de 10,7 anos (variando de 1 a 21 anos), sendo 48,2% do sexo masculino. A média mensal de consultas foi de 12,5, com um número médio de 1,49 atendimento por paciente (variando de 1 a 4). Artrite juvenil, febre reumática e fibromialgia foram os diagnósticos mais prevalentes. Notavelmente, a fibromialgia apresentou uma frequência maior em adolescentes do sexo feminino, enquanto a síndrome de Kawasaki predominou em crianças de 1 a 6 anos. Além disso, observou-se que 45,9% dos pacientes permaneceram em investigação ou sem diagnóstico definitivo de doença reumatológica. Esses resultados sugerem a importância dos ambulatórios especializados para o diagnóstico e o tratamento de condições reumatológicas na infância e na adolescência.
Inclusão de Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo na Educação Infantil em uma escola pública de Itapipoca-Ceará
Authors: Dias Nara Felícia Neves , Nascimento Karla Angélica Silva do
Published: November 2024

A inclusão de crianças com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) na educação infantil é fundamental para a construção de uma educação inclusiva. Este artigo visa apresentar dados sobre matrículas de crianças com TEA em uma escola pública de Itapipoca-Ceará, com base nas informações fornecidas pela sua Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) nos últimos quatro anos, além de discutir o processo de inclusão dessas crianças na escola. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de natureza exploratória que envolve o resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados indicam que, embora haja progressos na inclusão de crianças com TEA, ainda são necessárias políticas e práticas que promovam a formação continuada de profissionais da educação e assegurem um suporte adequado, tanto para as crianças quanto para os professores. Entende-se que, apesar das dificuldades, a inclusão na educação infantil pode ser significativamente fortalecida quando há dedicação, empatia, conhecimento, planejamento e recursos pedagógicos adequados. Conclui-se que a escola deve ser um espaço acolhedor para todos os alunos, incluindo aqueles com TEA, e que ela desempenha um papel central na construção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva e equitativa.
Avaliação docente e formação pedagógica no ensino superior em saúde: Um estudo da arte
Authors: Melgaço da Silva Lucas , Rios Neto Eduardo Cesar , Nogueira Barbosa de Sousa Larissa , Soares Viana Melissa , Catunda Aguiar Maria Clara , Kubrusly Marcos
Published: November 2024

A avaliação voltada aos professores e suas práticas nas instituições de ensino tem se mostrado de suma importância nos últimos anos, tanto na educação básica quanto na educação superior. Esse tipo de avaliação se propõe beneficiar tanto docentes como discentes e instituições, visto que pode ser considerada uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento profissional, além de fortalecer os aspectos positivos do ensino e sua metodologia, auxiliando e aprimorando os resultados educacionais dos envolvidos. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa que se apresenta versa sobre estudos sobre a exposição de docentes do ensino superior às formações pedagógicas continuadas, desenvolvidas a partir de avaliações feitas por observações em sala de aula à estes docentes. Logo, definimos como objetivo identificar e avaliar estudos que mostram a formação pedagógica a partir da avaliação do docente no ensino superior em saúde no Brasil. Metodologicamente, o estudo compreende uma revisão de literatura, a partir da identificação de artigos em periódicos, dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado, pesquisados em bases científicas como Scielo, Lilacs, periódicos da CAPES e biblioteca nacional de teses e dissertações, considerando os três descritores: Formação docente e/ou avaliação docente e/ou observação em sala de aula. Os estudos disponíveis, mesmo sendo poucos, enfatizam a urgência de aprimorar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem entre os docentes, destacando a formação pedagógica continuada como um recurso indispensável para o progresso profissional.
O impacto das tecnologias educacionais no ensino em saúde: desafios e oportunidades
Authors: Pedrosa Moreira Deborah , Oliveira Rodrigues Pontes Ana Kelvia , Veras Filho Rubens Nunes , Willian de Souza Pereira Álison , Mota da Silva Iury , Dos Santos Silva Valter
Published: November 2024

O avanço das tecnologias digitais tem transformado significativamente os métodos de ensino, especialmente no campo da saúde. O uso de tecnologias educacionais proporciona novas oportunidades para melhorar a aprendizagem e a avaliação, tornando o processo mais dinâmico e acessível. Este artigo busca descrever o impacto das tecnologias educacionais na avaliação do ensino em saúde. Através de uma revisão narrativa realizada nos últimos 10 anos, são explorados os aspectos usados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em ambientes acadêmicos. A implementação dessas tecnologias exige uma mudança de mentalidade e um compromisso com a inovação, sempre mantendo o foco na formação de profissionais altamente capacitados para atender às demandas do setor da saúde.
Avaliação OSCE na educação médica: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Almeida Livia Mendes , Castelo Branco Fortaleza Simone , Façanha Joyce Rodrigues , Bezerra Perdigão Anne Carolinne , Macedo Silva Francisco Theogenes
Published: November 2024

A avaliação do tipo Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) tem se consolidado como um padrão-ouro na educação em saúde, permitindo a avaliação objetiva e estruturada das competências clínicas dos estudantes. Este texto revisa a literatura recente sobre a implementação e eficácia dos OSCEs, abordando suas aplicações em diferentes áreas da saúde, percepções de estudantes e examinadores, e os desafios enfrentados na sua implementação. A análise de 15 referências dos últimos cinco anos revela que, apesar dos benefícios reconhecidos, como a melhoria das habilidades clínicas e a promoção da confiança dos alunos, ainda existem preocupações relacionadas ao estresse e à viabilidade da aplicação em larga escala.
Educação em diabetes e as técnicas de gamificação para promoção da saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Euclides do Nascimento Rebeca , Gomes de Freitas Menezes Franco Rosana , Vieira Soares Fernanda , Nara Costa da Rocha Sânia , Nunes Veras Filho Rubens , Gomes Vasconcelos Pitombeira Mardênia
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências científicas disponíveis acerca da educação em diabetes mediada por estratégias de gamificação. Métodos: O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica. Na busca foi utilizado os descritores “gamificação”, “educação em diabetes”, “saúde”. Resultados: A partir da metodologia os dados obtidos na amostra foram categorizados e organizados através de quadros com títulos, autoria, ano de publicação, periódico e tipo de estudo. A classificação dos artigos foi feita a partir de uma taxonomia de técnicas de gamificação. Conclusão: A gamificação visa transferir conhecimento e habilidades por meio de elementos como repetição e entretenimento. A utilização dessas técnicas, permite uma abordagem descentralizada da educação em saúde, incentivando pacientes a se tornarem protagonistas em seu autocuidado.
Pod przysądem horodnictwa wileńskiego. O jurydyce i jej mieszkańcach w XVII wieku
Authors: Frejlich Kamil
Published: November 2024

Tematem książki jest słabo znana i pozornie mało istotna problematyka jurydyki horodnictwa wileńskiego – związanej z tamtejszymi zamkami części organizmu miejskiego, która nie podlegała władzom municypalnym, lecz szlacheckiemu urzędowi horodniczego. Choć funkcja ta jest znana z licznych ośrodków w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim, jedynie w przypadku Wilna ukształtował się sąd horodniczego, w ramach działalności którego powstały księgi sądowe stanowiące najważniejszy element bazy źródłowej prezentowanego opracowania. Na kartach rozprawy zostały przedstawione trzy zasadnicze zagadnienia: funkcjonowanie urzędu horodniczego wileńskiego, charakterystyka podlegającej mu jurydyki oraz różne komponenty życia jej mieszkańców, takie jak religijność, sytuacja materialna, działalność zawodowa czy konflikty. Pozwoliło to zbudować wieloaspektowy i barwny obraz codzienności siedemnastowiecznych wilnian, a jednocześnie uzupełnić stan wiedzy na temat stolicy Wielkiego Księstwa i skorygować niektóre wcześniejsze ustalenia. Dzięki zarysowaniu stosunkowo niewielkiego, lecz starannie wyeksplorowanego pola badawczego, autor zarówno uchwycił związki między „wielką historią” a historią w mikroskali, jak i pochylił się nad zagadnieniami istotnymi w szerszej perspektywie, takimi jak normy społeczne. Przeanalizowany materiał źródłowy skłonił go również do rozważań nad istotą nowożytnego miasta.
Dyskurs polityczny Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Pojęcia i idee
Authors: Grześkowiak-Krwawicz Anna
Published: November 2024

Dyskurs polityczny Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów (1569–1795) był zjawiskiem niesłychanie ciekawym, bogatym, zakorzenionym w europejskiej tradycji mówienia o państwie, a zarazem – swoistym, wynikłym z rzeczywistości politycznej kraju, w którym dyskusja stanowiła jedną z postaw życia publicznego. Celem książki jest próba jego opisania przez analizę najważniejszych funkcjonujących w nim pojęć, pokazania, w jaki sposób i przy pomocy jakich terminów mówiono w sprawach wspólnoty, jaki obraz świata politycznego kreślono, jaki system wartości znajdował odbicie w dyskursie. Takie słowa, jak „Rzeczpospolita”, „prawo”, wolność”, „cnota”, choć pozornie brzmią tak samo i dzisiaj, przez wieki zmieniały swoje znaczenie, a wraz z nim zmieniały się ideały polityczne przez nie opisywane. Ich analiza nie tylko będzie pomocą w badaniach języka politycznego owych czasów, ale niewątpliwie wzbogaci i ułatwi zrozumienie tych pojęć także w języku nam współczesnym.
Praktyki flirtu i podrywu. Studium z mikrosocjologii emocji
Authors: Kalinowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Książka stanowi eksploracyjne studium emocji miłosnych w praktykach flirtów i podrywów. Zawarte w niej analizy są rezultatem wieloletnich badań terenowych prowadzonych w sanatoriach, w środowisku kuracjuszy oraz podczas imprez klubowych, w gronie młodych ludzi bawiących się w klubach. Efektem przeprowadzonych badań jest rozpoznanie zjawisk afektywnych w bezpośrednich interakcjach damsko-męskich o podłożu romantycznym i erotycznym, przebiegających w kontekstach towarzyskich. Książka łączy etnograficzną rekonstrukcję działań emocjonalnych w praktykach miłosnych z teoretycznymi rozważaniami związanymi z rozwojem studiów nad przebiegiem interakcji, fenomenologią emocji oraz mikrospołecznym wymiarem życia uczuciowego. Prezentowana praca zawiera także obszerne omówienie podjętych praktyk badawczych, które składają się na projekt metodologii wrażliwej na afekt.

Flirty i podrywy to sfera rozpięta między przestrzeniami jednostkowymi i podmiotowymi a światem społecznym i symbolicznym; między wymiarami cielesnym i zmysłowym oraz refleksyjnym i ideowym. Emocje miłosne, które rodzą się na imprezach klubowych i podczas turnusów sanatoryjnych, są umocowane zarówno w myśleniu o subiektywnych celach i wartościach, w kulturowo zaaranżowanych sytuacjach zabaw intymno-towarzyskich, jak i w pozaaksjologicznych, niemyślanych praktykach cielesnego odczuwania. Są raz podległe, a innym razem niepodlegające konwencjom społecznym i myślącemu podmiotowi. Czasami natomiast pozostają – jak się zdaje – poza władzą obydwu czynników i kierują się pozaświadomymi, pozadyskursywnymi intencjami ciała.
Pragmatyzm i radykalny liberalizm. Studium filozofii politycznej Johna Deweya
Authors: Kassner Maciej
Published: November 2024

Książka ta jest poświęcona analizie filozofii politycznej Johna Deweya osadzonej w kontekście kryzysu liberalizmu po pierwszej wojnie światowej. Jedną z dróg wyjścia z impasu, w jakim znalazła się myśl liberalna, był radykalny liberalizm reprezentowany przez takich intelektualistów, jak John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, Karl Polanyi i Karl Mannheim. Wymienieni myśliciele upatrywali szans na odrodzenie liberalizmu w odrzuceniu koncepcji wolnorynkowych i dialogu z myślą socjalistyczną. W pracy przedstawiono zręby ideologii radykalnego liberalizmu oraz stosunek lewicowych liberałów do innych ideologii, w szczególności zaś do liberalizmu ekonomicznego i rewolucyjnego marksizmu. Osobny rozdział pracy poświęcony jest refleksji Johna Deweya na temat demokracji, która należy do najoryginalniejszych osiągnięć amerykańskiego filozofa. Przedstawiona interpretacja uwypukla związki myśli Johna Deweya z radykalizmem Nowej Lewicy oraz twórczością takich teoretyków, jak C. W. Mills Axell Honneth czy James Bohman. Drugim ważnym obszarem podejmowanych w pracy rozważań jest rekonstrukcja Deweyowskiej koncepcji myślenia jako rozwiązywania problemów. Pragmatyzm utrzymuje, że możliwe jest znalezienie mniej lub bardziej obiektywnych odpowiedzi na pytanie, co należy robić w danej problematycznej sytuacji. „Pragmatyczne oświecenie”, by posłużyć się terminem Hilarego Putnama, wyrzeka się oświeceniowego uniwersalizmu, ale nie rezygnuje całkowicie z roszczeń do obiektywności w dziedzinie rozstrzygnięć moralnych i politycznych.
Przemoc i honor w życiu społecznym wsi na Mierzei Wiślanej w XVI–XVII wieku
Authors: Korczak-Siedlecka Jaśmina
Published: November 2024

Książka, oparta na księgach sądowych z XVI–XVII wieku, przedstawia wielowymiarowy obraz społeczności wiejskiej na Mierzei Wiślanej w epoce nowożytnej.

W życiu dawnej wsi przemoc była stałym elementem relacji międzyludzkich – rodzinnych, towarzyskich, zawodowych. Wachlarz zachowań agresywnych obejmował wyzwiska, plotki, groźby, pobicia, oplucia czy rwanie włosów. Interpretacja dotąd ignorowanych w historiografii jako „mniejszej wagi” codziennych konfliktów między jednostkami jest kluczem do zrozumienia ówczesnej struktury społecznej i norm zachowania na nowożytnej wsi oraz tożsamości jej mieszkańców. Autorka zadaje pytania o formy przemocy, jej funkcje społeczne, okoliczności jej stosowania, motywacje sprawców, akceptowane granice.

Społeczność wiejska na Mierzei Wiślanej należała do tzw. kultur honoru, gdzie honor jednostki był czynnikiem decydującym o jej tożsamości i przynależności do grupy. W książce przyjrzymy się sposobom i konsekwencjom utraty honoru, zadamy pytanie o społeczne funkcje zasad honorowych i o to, jak wpływały one na relacje międzyludzkie. Autorka stawia sobie za cel zrozumienie zależności między honorem a przemocą.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS ACHADOS CITOPATOLÓGICOS DO COLO DO ÚTERO REALIZADOS EM UMA UBS ENTRE 2020-2021
Authors: Florêncio Almeida Lays , Reis Arruda do Vale Tetrynha , Santos Medrado Antônio Matheus , Dos Santos Souza Eliane Cristina , Cristina dos Santos Almeida Mirian , Rosa Evangelista Danielle
Published: November 2024

Introdução: Diante de um cenário de pandemia, a ansiedade e a preocupação se instauraram entre os serviços de saúde, incluindo na Atenção Básica. Pois fez-se necessário a reorganização do fluxo de atendimento nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), que, além de promover o enfrentamento à pandemia e medidas de prevenção de transmissão, também teve as atividades essenciais inerentes a esse ponto da rede limitados. Nesse sentido, a saúde da mulher foi uma das áreas afetadas, a saber pela limitação na rotina de exames de rastreamento de Câncer do Colo de Útero (CCU). Objetivo: Descrever os achados citopatológicos encontrados nos laudos dos exames realizados entre 2020 e 2021 e suas principais alterações. Métodos: A presente pesquisa constitui um estudo transversal, documental, descritivo-exploratório, retrospectivo e com abordagem quantitativa. As variáveis analisadas foram aquelas contidas no laudo do Exame Citopatológico do Câncer do Colo de Útero por meio do programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versão 20.0. Resultados: Analisando os laudos dos exames citopatológicos alterados das mulheres entre 2020 e 2021, foi possível observar a presença de alteração em 10,9% (29) dos laudos. Ao utilizar n=29, verificou-se a prevalência da ASC-H (34,5%), acompanhado de HSIL (27,6%), ASC-US (24%), LSIL (6,9%), AGC (3,5%) e HSIL-MICRO (3,5%) do total de exames alterados. Conclusão: O diagnóstico situacional evidencia uma cobertura de PCCU que precisa melhorar para garantir o diagnóstico adequado para mulheres e alcance de melhores indicadores de saúde, reduzindo assim a incidência de mortalidade por este tipo de câncer nas mulheres.
Matching for realizing high-speed reading in holographic data storage system
Authors: Xu Jing , Lin Yongkun , Zhong Linli , Ke Yuping , He Chen , Lin Sheng , Lin Dakui , Lin Xiao , Tan Xiaodi
Published: November 2024

In the era of big data, data storage density, and reading speed are becoming increasingly important. Therefore, achieving high-speed data reading in the holographic data storage system is particularly crucial. The key to realizing high-speed data reading in the holographic data storage system is to ensure frame rate matching among key devices. In this paper, we research the frame rate matching of the digital micro-mirror device (DMD), the acousto-optic modulator (AOM), the high-speed camera, and the electric displacement table loaded with materials. We have determined the maximum matching frame rate of the system with respect to changes in the exposure time and resolution of the camera, as well as the phase difference between the AOM and DMD. By finely adjusting the parameters of key devices in the system, we can ultimately achieve a matching frame rate of 18kHz. Under conditions where the electric displacement table speed is 40 mm/s, and the light intensity of the incident materials is 0.6 mW, the holographic data storage system can attain a reading frame rate of up to 8kHz, resulting in a data transfer rate of 5.8GB/s.
41 W, 206 fs regenerative amplifier based on CPA-free amplification of femtosecond pulses
Authors: Sun Di
Published: November 2024

We present a low-cost method to mitigate the gain narrowing effects during regenerative amplification based on a high-repetition-rate, high-power continuously pumped Yb:YAG thin disk regenerative amplifier (RA). By inserting a 1-mm-thick SiO2 plate on a certain position in the RA, the narrowed bandwidth of the amplified spectrum of 3 nm was significantly broadened to a root-mean-square (RMS) bandwidth of 6.9 nm, which reveals the effectiveness of the method. At a repetition rate of 200 kHz, an output power of 41 W was obtained with a compressed pulse duration of 206 fs. The amplifier displayed stability with a root-mean-square power noise as low as 0.46%. The optical resonator remained nearly diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 < 1.35) until the maximum output power.
Multi-wavelength selective thermal emission enabled by dual-layer metasurface utilizing localized surface plasmon polariton resonance
Authors: Pan Shuang , Wu Shaoteng , Ren Huixue , Zhao Jiarong , Zhu Yuanhao , Li Sailei , He Li , Luo Jun-Wei
Published: November 2024

Thermal emission is a ubiquitous electromagnetic wave with an extremely broad spectrum in nature, and controlling thermal emission can be used to develop low-cost and convenient infrared light sources with wavelength tunable in a wide range that is currently difficult for other sources. Conventional metasurfaces are commonly used to control light but lack the flexibility to achieve complex emission spectral profiles and dynamic tuning. Here, we introduce what we believe to be a novel dual-layer metasurface structure with two completely independent layers to achieve a multi-peak thermal emission within the 5-8 µm wavelength range. Simulations and experiments show that this two-layer structure can achieve arbitrary spectral shapes without interfering with multiple resonant modes. This unique configuration presents a promising platform for further exploration in thermal emission engineering.