bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between radiological findings and symptoms at the patellofemoral joint in advanced knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Chang C. B. , Han I. , Kim S. J. , Seong S. C. , Kim T. K.
Published: October 2007

We investigated the association between the radiological findings and the symptoms arising from the patellofemoral joint in advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Four radiological features, joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, translation of the patella and focal attrition were assessed in 151 consecutive osteoarthritic knees in 107 patients undergoing total knee replacement. The symptoms which were assessed included anterior knee pain which was scored, the ability to rise from a chair and climb stairs, and quadriceps weakness.

Among the radiological features, only patellar translation and obliteration of the joint space had a statistically significant association with anterior knee pain (odds ratio (OR) 4.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83 to 12.88 and OR 11.23; 95% CI 2.44 to 51.62) respectively. Patellar translation had a statistically significant association with difficulty in rising from a chair (OR 9.06; 95% CI 1.75 to 45.11). Other radiological features, including osteophytes, joint space narrowing, and focal attrition had no significant association.

Our study indicates that the radiological findings of patellar translation and significant loss of cartilage are predictive of patellofemoral symptoms and functional limitation in advanced OA of the knee.
The long-term results of simultaneous fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing total knee replacements performed in the same patient
Authors: Kim Y.-H. , Yoon S.-H. , Kim J.-S.
Published: October 2007

We compared the results of 146 patients who received an anatomic modular knee fixed-bearing total knee replacement (TKR) in one knee and a low contact stress rotating platform mobile-bearing TKR in the other. There were 138 women and eight men with a mean age of 69.8 years (42 to 80). The mean follow-up was 13.2 years (11.0 to 14.5). The patients were assessed clinically and radiologically using the rating systems of the Hospital for Special Surgery and the Knee Society at three months, six months, one year, and annually thereafter.

The assessment scores of both rating systems pre-operatively and at the final review did not show any statistically significant differences between the two designs of implant. In the anatomic modular knee group, one knee was revised because of aseptic loosening of the tibial component and one because of infection. In addition, three knees were revised because of wear of the polyethylene tibial bearing. In the low contact stress group, two knees were revised because of instability requiring exchange of the polyethylene insert and one because of infection.

The radiological analysis found no statistical difference in the incidence of radiolucent lines at the final review (Student’s t-test, p = 0.08), most of which occurred at tibial zone 1. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship for aseptic loosening of the anatomic modular knee and the low contact stress implants at 14.5 years was 99% and 100%, respectively, with a 95% confidence interval of 94% to 100% for both designs.

We found no evidence of the superiority of one design over the other at long-term follow-up.
Non-operative treatment of large anterior glenoid rim fractures after traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Authors: Maquieira G. J. , Espinosa N. , Gerber C. , Eid K.
Published: October 2007

The generally-accepted treatment for large, displaced fractures of the glenoid associated with traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder is operative repair. In this study, 14 consecutive patients with large (> 5 mm), displaced (> 2 mm) anteroinferior glenoid rim fractures were treated non-operatively if post-reduction radiographs showed a centred glenohumeral joint.

After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years (2.8 to 8.4), the mean Constant score and subjective shoulder value were 98% (90% to 100%) and 97% (90% to 100%), respectively. There were no redislocations or subluxations, and the apprehension test was negative. All fragments healed with an average intra-articular step of 3.0 mm (0.5 to 11). No patient had symptoms of osteoarthritis, which was mild in two shoulders and moderate in one.

Traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder, associated with a large displaced glenoid rim fracture can be successfully treated non-operatively, providing the glenohumeral joint is concentrically reduced on the anteroposterior radiograph.
A new radiological index for assessing asphericity of the femoral head in cam impingement
Authors: Gosvig K. K. , Jacobsen S. , Palm H. , Sonne-Holm S. , Magnusson E.
Published: October 2007

Femoroacetabular cam impingement is thought to be a cause of premature osteoarthritis of the hip.

The presence of cam malformation was determined in 2803 standardised anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs from the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study by measuring the alpha (α) angle and the triangular index, a new measure of asphericity of the femoral head. In addition, the α-angle and the triangular index were assessed on the AP and lateral hip radiographs of 82 men and 82 women randomly selected from patients scheduled for total hip replacement (THR). The influence of varying femoral rotation on the α angle and the triangular index was also determined in femoral specimens under experimental conditions.

From the 2803 radiographs the mean AP α-angle was 55° (30° to 100°) in men and 45° (34° to 108°) in women. Approximately 6% of men and 2% of women had cam malformation. The α-angle and triangular index were highly inter-related. Of those patients scheduled for THR, 36 men (44%) and 28 women (35%) had cam malformation identifiable on the AP radiographs. The triangular index proved to be more reliable in detecting cam malformation when the hip was held in varying degrees of rotation.

The combination of the α-angle and the triangular index will allow examination of historical radiographs for epidemiological purposes in following the natural history of the cam deformity.
Femoral anteversion
Authors: Tayton E.
Published: October 2007

In an adult man the mean femoral anteversion angle measures approximately 15°, for which the reasons have never been fully elucidated.

An assortment of simian and quadruped mammalian femora was therefore examined and the anteversion angles measured. A simple static mathematical model was then produced to explain the forces acting on the neck of the femur in the quadruped and in man. Femoral anteversion was present in all the simian and quadruped femora and ranged between 4° and 41°. It thus appears that man has retained this feature despite evolving from quadrupedal locomotion.

Quadrupeds generally mobilise with their hips flexed forwards from the vertical; in this position, it is clear that anteversion gives biomechanical advantage against predominantly vertical forces. In man with mobilisation on vertical femora, the biomechanical advantage of anteversion is against forces acting mainly in the horizontal plane. This has implications in regard to the orientation of hip replacements.
Arthroscopic synovectomy, removal of loose bodies and selective biceps tenodesis for synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder
Authors: Lunn J. V. , Castellanos-Rosas J. , Walch G.
Published: October 2007

We retrospectively identified 18 consecutive patients with synovial chrondromatosis of the shoulder who had arthroscopic treatment between 1989 and 2004. Of these, 15 were available for review at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (2.3 to 16.5). There were seven patients with primary synovial chondromatosis, but for the remainder, the condition was a result of secondary causes. The mean Constant score showed that pain and activities of daily living were the most affected categories, being only 57% and 65% of the values of the normal side. Surgery resulted in a significant improvement in the mean Constant score in these domains from 8.9 (4 to 15) to 11.3 (2 to 15) and from 12.9 (5 to 20) to 18.7 (11 to 20), respectively (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Movement and strength were not significantly affected. Osteoarthritis was present in eight patients at presentation and in 11 at the final review. Recurrence of the disease with new loose bodies occurred in two patients from the primary group at an interval of three and 12 years post-operatively. In nine patients, loose bodies were also present in the bicipital groove; seven of these underwent an open bicipital debridement and tenodesis.

We found that arthroscopic debridement of the glenohumeral joint and open debridement and tenodesis of the long head of biceps, when indicated, are safe and effective in relieving symptoms at medium-term review.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Structural and Material Skeletal Phenotypes in C57BL/6J and DBA/2 Second-Generation and Recombinant Inbred Mice
Authors: Lang Dean H , Sharkey Neil A , Mack Holly A , Vogler George P , Vandenbergh David J , Blizard David A , Stout Joseph T , McClearn Gerald E
Published: October 2007

QTL analyses identified several chromosomal regions influencing skeletal phenotypes of the femur and tibia in BXD F2 and BXD RI populations of mice. QTLs for skeletal traits co-located with each other and with correlated traits such as body weight and length, adipose mass, and serum alkaline phosphatase.

Introduction: Past research has shown substantial genetic influence on bone quality, and the impact of reduced bone mass on our aging population has heightened the interest in skeletal genetic research.

Materials and Methods: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses were performed on morphologic measures and structural and material properties of the femur and tibia in 200-day-old C57BL/6J × DBA/2 (BXD) F2 (second filial generation; n = 400) and BXD recombinant inbred (RI; n = 23 strains) populations of mice. Body weight, body length, adipose mass, and serum alkaline phosphatase were correlated phenotypes included in the analyses.

Results: Skeletal QTLs for morphologic bone measures such as length, width, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional area mapped to nearly every chromosome. QTLs for both structural properties (ultimate load, yield load, or stiffness) and material properties (stress and strain characteristics and elastic modulus) mapped to chromosomes 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 18. QTLs that were specific to structural properties were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 17, and QTLs that were specific to skeletal material properties were identified on chromosomes 5, 11, 16, and 19. QTLs for body size (body weight, body length, and adipose mass) often mapped to the same chromosomal regions as those identified for skeletal traits, suggesting that several QTLs identified as influencing bone could be mediated through body size.

Conclusion: New QTLs, not previously reported in the literature, were identified for structural and material properties and morphological measures of the mouse femur and tibia. Body weight and length, adipose mass, and serum alkaline phosphatase were correlated phenotypes that mapped in close proximity of skeletal chromosomal loci. The more specific measures of bone quality included in this investigation enhance our understanding of the functional significance of previously identified QTLs.
Risk Factors for a First-Incident Radiographic Vertebral Fracture in Women ≥65 Years of Age: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Nevitt Michael C , Cummings Steven R , Stone Katie L , Palermo Lisa , Black Dennis M , Bauer Douglas C , Genant Harry K , Hochberg Marc C , Ensrud Kristine E , Hillier Teresa A , Cauley Jane A
Published: October 2007

Vertebral fractures in older women signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures. To identify risk factors for first vertebral fractures, we studied 5822 women ≥65 years of age who had no fracture on baseline radiographs of the spine. Several modifiable risk factors increased an older woman's risk of developing a first vertebral fracture, and women with multiple risk factors and low BMD had the highest risk. Risk factors and low BMD should be useful to help focus efforts to prevent these fractures.

Introduction: Vertebral fractures are a common cause of back pain and disability and signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures in older women. Little is known about the risk factors for the first occurrence of a vertebral fracture.

Materials and Methods: To identify risk factors for a first vertebral fracture, we studied 5822 women ≥65 years of age from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures who had no fracture on baseline radiographs of the spine. We measured potential risk factors and BMD of the wrist and calcaneus at baseline and BMD of the spine and hip halfway through follow-up. Fractures were assessed by standard methods from spine radiographs obtained at baseline and follow-up an average of 3.7 years later.

Results and Conclusions: In multivariable analyses, older age, previous nonspine fracture, low BMD at all sites, a low body mass index (BMI), current smoking, low milk consumption during pregnancy, low levels of daily physical activity, having a fall, and regular use of aluminum-containing antacids independently increased the risk of a first vertebral fracture. Women using estrogen and those who engaged in recreational physical activity had a decreased risk. The effects of low BMI, smoking, use of estrogen and antacids, and previous fracture were partially mediated by BMD. Women in the lower third of wrist BMD with five or more risk factors had a 12-fold greater risk than women in the highest third of BMD who had zero to three risk factors. The 27% of women at highest risk suffered 60% of the incident fractures. In conclusion, several modifiable risk factors and BMD independently increase an older woman's risk of developing a first vertebral fracture. The combination of risk factors and BMD should be useful for focusing efforts to prevent vertebral fractures.
Immortalization of Cementoblast Progenitor Cells With Bmi-1 and TERT
Authors: Saito Masahiro , Handa Keisuke , Kiyono Tohru , Hattori Shintaro , Yokoi Takamasa , Tsubakimoto Takanori , Harada Hidemitsu , Noguchi Toshihide , Toyoda Minoru , Sato Sadao , Teranaka Toshio
Published: October 2007

A cementoblast progenitor cell line designated BCPb8 was successfully isolated from dental follicle cells immortalized with Bmi-1 and hTERT. BCPb8 showed the potential to differentiate into cementoblasts on implantation into immunodeficient mice. BCPb8 was confirmed to be the first established cementoblast progenitor cell line and will provide a useful model for investigating cementogenesis.

Introduction: The dental follicle is the mesenchymal tissue surrounding the developing tooth germ. During tooth root development, progenitor cells present in the dental follicle are believed to play a central role in the formation of periodontal components (cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone). However, little more is known about the biology of these progenitors. Previously, we observed that cultured bovine dental follicle cells (BDFCs) contained putative cementoblast progenitors. To further analyze the biology of these cells, we attempted to isolate cementoblast progenitors from immortalized BDFC through expression of the polycomb group protein, Bmi-1, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).

Materials and Methods: BDFCs were transduced with replication-deficient retroviruses carrying human Bmi-1(LXSN-Bmi-1), and hTERT (LXSH-hTERT) for immortalization. Single cell clones were established from immortalized BDFC, and differentiation into cementoblasts was assessed by implantation into immunodeficient mice.

Results and Conclusion: BDFCs expressing Bmi-1 and hTERT showed an extended life span - 90 population doublings more than normal BDFCs - and still contained cells with the potential to differentiate into cementoblasts on implantation into immunodeficient mice. From these cells, we established a clonal cell line, designated BCPb8, which formed cementum-like tissue that was reactive to the anti-cementum-specific monoclonal antibody 3G9 and expressed mRNA for bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and type I collagen on implantation. Thus, by using Bmi-1 and hTERT, we succeeded in immortalizing cementoblast progenitor cells from BDFC without affecting differentiation potential. The BCPb8 cell line is the first immortalized clonal cell line of cementoblast progenitors and could be a useful tool not only to study cementogenesis but also to develop regeneration therapy for patients with periodontitis.
SC-19220, Antagonist of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP1, Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis by RANKL
Authors: Tsujisawa Toshiyuki , Inoue Hiromasa , Nishihara Tatsuji
Published: October 2007

We examined the direct effect of SC-19220, an EP1 prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor antagonist, on osteoclastogenesis induced by RANK/RANKL signaling in mouse cell cultures. We found that SC-19220 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppression of the RANK/RANKL signaling pathway in osteoclast precursors.

Introduction: Bone growth is accomplished by a dynamic equilibrium between formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts, which are regulated by many systemic and local osteotropic factors that induce osteoclast formation from hematopoietic precursors through RANK/RANKL signaling. There are four subtypes of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptors, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, and PGE2 facilitates bone resorption by a mechanism mediated by EP2/EP4. It is well known that SC-19220 is an EP1-specific antagonist. We previously found that SC-19220 inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by osteotropic factors, including PGE2; however, the inhibitory mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SC-19220 on osteoclastogenesis induced by RANK/RANKL signaling in mouse cell cultures and analyzed the mechanism involved.

Materials and Methods: A bone marrow culture system and bone marrow macrophages were used to examine the effects of SC-19220 on PGE2-, 11-deoxy-PGE1-, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We analyzed RANKL expression in osteoblasts induced by PGE2 using RT-PCR. We also examined the effects of SC-19220 on the macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor (c-Fms) and RANK expression in osteoclast precursors as well as RANK/RANKL signaling using RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses.

Results and Conclusion: SC-19220 dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast formation induced by PGE2, 11-deoxy-PGE1, and RANKL in the mouse culture system; however, it had no influence on RANKL expression in osteoblasts induced by PGE2. Furthermore, the expression of RANK and c-Fms in osteoclast precursors was decreased by SC-19220 at the mRNA and protein levels. In RANK signaling networks, SC-19220 inhibited c-Src and NFAT2 expression. Our findings indicated that SC-19220 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through the suppression of RANK, c-Fms, c-Src, and NFAT2, suggesting that this EP1-specific antagonist inhibits osteoclast formation induced by RANKL from the early stage of osteoclastogenesis.
Comparison of the Action of Transient and Continuous PTH on Primary Osteoblast Cultures Expressing Differentiation Stage-Specific GFP
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsiung , Liu Yaling , Buhl Kathy , Rowe David W
Published: October 2007

Primary calvarial osteoblast cultures derived from type I collagen promoter-GFP reporter transgenic mice were used to examine progression of the osteoblast lineage. This system was validated by assessing the effect of PTH on osteoblast growth in real time. The anabolic effect of PTH seemed to be the result of enhanced osteoblast differentiation rather than expansion of a progenitor population.

Introduction: Activation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker genes driven by Col1a1 promoter fragments has been associated with the level of osteoblast differentiation. GFP-marked cultures provide an approach to continuously monitor the level of osteoblast differentiation in real time without the termination of cultures.

Materials and Methods: Neonatal calvarial cells transgenic for pOBCol2.3GFP and pOBCol3.6GFP were used to establish calvarial osteoblast cultures. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was added either continuous (days 1–21) or transient (days 1–7) to examine its diverse effect on osteoblast differentiation in cultures for 21 days. Three fluorescent markers were used: (1) pOBCol3.6GFP, which is activated in preosteoblastic cells; (2) pOBCol2.3GFP, which is restricted to differentiated osteoblasts; and (3) xylenol orange (XO), which stains the mineralized nodules. Progression of osteoblast differentiation indicated by fluorescent markers was documented throughout the entire period of culture. Recorded fluorescent images were analyzed in the patterns of expression and quantitated in the area of expression.

Results: Continuous PTH blocked osteoblast differentiation, which was evident by the attenuation of pOBCol3.6GFP and an absence of pOBCol2.3GFP. In contrast, transient PTH inhibited the initial osteoblast differentiation but ultimately resulted in a culture with more mineralized nodules and enhanced osteoblast differentiation expressing strong levels of pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCol2.3GFP. Quantitative analysis showed that transient PTH first decreased then later increased areas of GFP expression and XO staining, which correlated with results of Northern blot and alkaline phosphatase activity. Transient PTH caused a decrease in DNA content during the treatment and after the removal of PTH.

Conclusion: GFP-marked cultures combined with fluorescent image analysis have the advantage to assess the effect of PTH on osteoblast differentiation in real time. Results suggest that the anabolic effect of transient PTH is caused by an enhancement in osteoblast differentiation rather than an increase in the population of progenitor cells.
Low Plasma Vitamin B12 Is Associated With Lower BMD: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Tucker Katherine L , Hannan Marian T , Qiao Ning , Jacques Paul F , Selhub Jacob , Cupples L Adrienne , Kiel Douglas P
Published: October 2007

Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. We examined the association between this vitamin and BMD in 2576 adults. Men with plasma B12 < 148 pM had significantly lower BMD at the hip, and women at the spine, relative to those with higher B12, and trends were similar for both at all sites. Low vitamin B12 may be a risk factor for low BMD.

Introduction: Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. It has been linked to osteoblastic activity in clinical studies and cell culture.

Materials and Methods: We examined the relationship between plasma vitamin B12 status and BMD in 2576 adult participants in the Framingham Offspring Osteoporosis Study (1996–2001). BMD was measured by DXA at the hip and spine. Plasma vitamin B12 was measured by radioassay. Mean BMD measures were estimated for four categories of vitamin B12 concentration, based on commonly used cut-offs, using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity score for the elderly (PASE), alcohol use, smoking status, total calcium and vitamin D intake, season of bone measurement, and for women, menopause status and current estrogen use. Further adjustment for protein intake and total homocysteine concentration was also performed.

Results: Both men and women with vitamin B12 concentrations <148 pM had lower average BMD than those with vitamin B12 above this cut-off. These differences were significant (p < 0.05) for men at most hip sites and for women at the spine. Significance remained after further adjustment for protein intake and plasma homocysteine.

Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency may be an important modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis.
Contribution of the LRP5 Gene to Normal Variation in Peak BMD in Women
Authors: Koller Daniel L , Ichikawa Shoji , Johnson Michelle L , Lai Dongbing , Xuei Xiaoling , Edenberg Howard J , Conneally P Michael , Hui Siu L , Johnston C Conrad , Peacock Munro , Foroud Tatiana , Econs Michael J
Published: October 2007

The role of the LRP5 gene in rare BMD-related traits has recently been shown. We tested whether variation in this gene might play a role in normal variation in peak BMD. Association between SNPs in LRP5 and hip and spine BMD was measured in 1301 premenopausal women. Only a small proportion of the BMD variation was attributable to LRP5 in our sample.

Introduction: Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene have been implicated as the cause of multiple distinct BMD-related rare Mendelian phenotypes. We sought to examine whether the LRP5 gene contributes to the observed variation in peak BMD in the normal population.

Materials and Methods: We genotyped 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LRP5 using allele-specific PCR and mass spectrometry methods. Linkage disequilibrium between the genotyped LRP5 SNPs was measured. We tested for association between these SNPs and both hip and spine BMD (adjusted for age and body weight) in 1301 healthy premenopausal women who took part in a sibling pair study aimed at identifying the genes underlying peak bone mass. Our study used both population-based (ANOVA) and family-based (quantitative transmission disequilibrium test) association methodology.

Results and Conclusions: The linkage disequilibrium pattern and haplotype block structure within the LRP5 gene were consistent with that observed in other studies. Although significant evidence of association was found between LRP5 SNPs and both hip and spine BMD, only a small proportion of the total variation in these phenotypes was accounted for. The genotyped SNPs accounted for ∼0.8% of the variation in femoral neck BMD and 1.1% of the variation in spine BMD. Results from our sample suggest that natural variation in and around LRP5 is not a major contributor to the observed variability in peak BMD at either the femoral neck or lumbar spine in white women.
Overexpression of Lysyl Hydroxylase-2b Leads to Defective Collagen Fibrillogenesis and Matrix Mineralization
Authors: Pornprasertsuk Suchaya , Duarte Wagner R , Mochida Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Mitsuo
Published: October 2007

Several MC3T3-E1 cell-derived clones expressing higher levels of LH2b were analyzed for their abilities to form collagen fibrils and mineralization. The clones all exhibited smaller collagen fibrils and defective matrix mineralization in vitro and in vivo, indicating a critical role of LH2b-catalyzed post-translational modifications of collagen in bone matrix formation and mineralization.

Introduction: We have recently shown that lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2b, through its action on the telopeptidyl lysine residues of collagen, regulates collagen cross-linking pathway in the osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1. To further elucidate the roles of LH2b in bone physiology, the effects of overexpression of LH2b on collagen fibrillogenesis and matrix mineralization were investigated.

Materials and Methods: Several MC3T3-E1-derived osteoblastic cell clones expressing higher levels of LH2b (S clones) and two controls (i.e., MC3T3-E1 cells and those transfected with an empty vector) were cultured. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify the LH2b. The collagen fibrillogenesis in the cultures was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, and the ability of these clones and cells to form mineralized matrix was analyzed by both in vitro and in vivo mineralization assays.

Results: The diameter of collagen fibrils in the S clone cultures was markedly smaller than that of the controls. The onset of matrix mineralization in the S clones was significantly delayed, and considerably fewer mineralized nodules were formed in their cultures in comparison with the controls. When transplanted into immunodeficient mice, the S clones failed to form mineralized matrices in vivo, whereas a bone-like mineralized matrix was well formed by the controls. The diameter of the collagen fibrils and the timing/extent of matrix mineralization in vitro were inversely correlated with the level of LH2b. In vitro cell differentiation was unaffected by the LH2b overexpression.

Conclusions: These results indicate a critical role of LH2b catalyzed post-translational modification of collagen (i.e., telopeptidyl lysine hydroxylation and subsequent cross-linking) in collagen matrix formation and mineralization in bone.
Determination of Cylindrical Soil Specimen Dimensions by Imaging with Application to Volume Change of Bentonite-Sand Mixtures
Authors: Önal Okan , Ören Ali Hakan , Özden Gürkan , Kaya Abidin
Published: October 2007

Volumetric shrinkage of compacted bentonite and sand mixtures has been continuously monitored at small strain levels (i.e., <5 %) using a digital image processing technique. A special digital measurement setup and a computer algorithm have been developed in order to identify volume of the drying specimens. Volume change of three compacted bentonite-sand mixtures at different initial moisture contents were recorded during drying by means of vernier caliper and digital measurements. Continuous monitoring of the volumetric shrinkage of specimens using digital images proved that digital measurement and data reduction methodology developed herein is capable of determining the shrinkage amount with desired accuracy. It is shown in the study that consistent volumetric shrinkage strain readings can be taken using this cost effective, nondestructive, and operator independent measurement setup, which may have become the preferred shrinkage measurement methodology in soil mechanics laboratory practice with some added features.
Desigualdades sociais, saúde e bem-estar: oportunidades e problemas no horizonte de políticas públicas transversais
Authors: Magalhães Rosana , Burlandy Luciene , Senna Mônica de Castro Maia
Published: October 2007

O desenvolvimento de um modelo de justiça distributiva capaz de responder às novas exigências e demandas no campo da proteção social submete ao exame e à crítica o desenho e a implementação de políticas públicas. Reconstituir e analisar diferentes dinâmicas institucionais, contextos decisórios e o desempenho de programas sociais emergem como tarefas cruciais para a busca de alternativas capazes de fortalecer experiências de integração e emancipação. Neste artigo, a perspectiva é trazer à tona estas questões contribuindo para afirmação do compromisso em torno de ações públicas transversais e convergentes contra a pobreza, a exclusão e as iniqüidades em saúde.
Do direito incondicional à condicionalidade do direito: as contrapartidas do Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Monnerat Giselle Lavinas , Senna Mônica de Castro Maia , Schottz Vanessa , Magalhães Rosana , Burlandy Luciene
Published: October 2007

Este artigo analisa a concepção e desafios em torno da exigência de contrapartidas do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). A obrigatoriedade de inserção de crianças e adolescentes na escola e de crianças, gestantes e nutrizes nos serviços de saúde é central no desenho do PBF e, à semelhança do que ocorre em outros países, tem sido alvo de intensa polêmica. Busca-se, assim, mapear a discussão teórica que embasa os argumentos favoráveis e contrários aos programas de transferência monetária condicionada, utilizando como estratégia metodológica a sistematização bibliográfica e estudo da legislação do PBF. A análise demonstra que, se de um lado, estão aqueles que rejeitam as contrapartidas sob alegação de que estas feririam o direito incondicional de cidadania, de outro, situam-se os que defendem as condicionalidades sob argumentos distintos. Aqui estão tanto concepções que entendem que é preciso dar algo em troca do recebimento do benefício quanto aquelas que vêem tais exigências como estratégia para favorecer o acesso aos serviços sociais e romper o ciclo da pobreza. Esta última visão está presente nos documentos oficiais do programa. Porém, na legislação complementar, a operacionalização das condicionalidades é definida de forma coercitiva, distanciando-se da concepção de inserção social.
A implementação do programa Bolsa Família: as experiências de São Francisco de Itabapoana e Duque de Caxias
Authors: Magalhães Rosana , Burlandy Luciene , Senna Mônica , Schottz Vanessa , Scalercio Graziela
Published: October 2007

O artigo discute os resultados da pesquisa "Implementação do Programa Bolsa Família no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: as experiências de São Francisco de Itabapoana e Duque de Caxias" realizada durante os anos de 2004 e 2005 com o apoio do CNPQ e que envolveu pesquisadores e alunos da ENSP/FIOCRUZ, UFF e UERJ. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a implementação e a gestão local do programa Bolsa Família, identificando os principais contornos desta intervenção pública nos municípios selecionados. A aproximação com a dinâmica política e institucional local e com os mecanismos de responsabilização dos gestores, conformação de coordenações integradas e intersetoriais, oferta e acompanhamento das ações de saúde e educação e definição dos papéis dos diferentes entes federativos na operacionalização do programa contribuiu para identificar as principais tensões e os desafios ligados ao alcance de maior eqüidade e justiça social no campo das políticas de transferência condicionada de renda no país.
Globalização, pobreza e saúde
Authors: Buss Paulo Marchiori
Published: October 2007

O presente artigo analisa as relações entre globalização, pobreza e saúde. Conceitua e apresenta as principais características da globalização contemporânea. Também conceitua e apresenta as características da pobreza nos dias de hoje, nos planos mundial e regional. Revisando artigos e relatórios de amplitude mundial, apresenta um conjunto de evidências sobre as relações entre globalização e pobreza e suas influências sobre o campo da saúde. Apresenta, ainda, as oportunidades trazidas pela globalização, através de uma série de iniciativas globais resultantes da ação entre países, no âmbito das Nações Unidas como um todo e na OMS, em particular, assim como de alianças e coalizões intergovernamentais e com outros atores da sociedade civil.
Exposures to airborne particulate matter and adverse perinatal outcomes: a biologically plausible mechanistic framework for exploring potential
Authors: Kannan Srimathi , Misra Dawn P. , Dvonch J. Timothy , Krishnakumar Ambika
Published: October 2007

This article has three objectives: to describe the biologically plausible mechanistic pathways by which exposure to particulate matter (PM) may lead to adverse perinatal outcomes of low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and preterm delivery (PTD); review evidence showing that nutrition affects biologic pathways; and explain mechanisms by which nutrition may modify the impact of PM exposure on perinatal outcomes. We propose an interdisciplinary framework that brings together maternal and infant nutrition, air pollution exposure assessment, and cardiopulmonary and perinatal epidemiology. Five possible biologic mechanisms have been put forth in the emerging environmental sciences literature and provide corollaries for the proposed framework. The literature indicates that the effects of PM on LBW, PTD, and IUGR may manifest through the cardiovascular mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, coagulation, endothelial function, and hemodynamic responses. PM exposure studies relating mechanistic pathways to perinatal outcomes should consider the likelihood that biologic responses and adverse birth outcomes may be derived from both PM and non-PM sources. We present strategies for empirically testing the proposed model and developing future research efforts.
Práticas de saúde em Enfermagem e Comunicação: um estudo de revisão da literatura
Authors: Spagnuolo Regina Stella , Pereira Maria Lúcia Toralles
Published: October 2007

As mudanças na prática de saúde do enfermeiro em programas emergentes como o Programa Saúde da Família nos levaram a estudar os processos comunicacionais que se colocam a esta prática. Mediante estudo de revisão bibliográfica de janeiro de 1994 até dezembro de 2004, investigamos 26 artigos de periódicos nacionais e internacionais, quatro dissertações, três teses e quatro livros nas bases de dados da BIREME (LILACS e SCIELO-Br) a partir dos unitermos "comunicação", "Programa Saúde da Família" e "enfermagem". Foram identificadas 373 citações com "comunicação" e "enfermagem", 12 citações usando "programa saúde da família" e "comunicação" (LILACS) e 18 citações com "comunicação" e "enfermagem" e zero citações com "programa saúde da família" e "comunicação" (SCIELO-Br). Para analisar as publicações, buscamos agrupá-las em quatro tendências acerca da relação comunicação e práticas na enfermagem: comunicação nas equipes do PSF, comunicação na prática profissional do enfermeiro, comunicação como instrumento de liderança do enfermeiro, comunicação no contexto do ensino da enfermagem. O estudo permitiu observar que, apesar do modelo hegemônico nas práticas de saúde ser o unilinear, já é nítido um movimento no sentido de uma prática comunicacional mais dialógica que aparece como um desafio na prática do enfermeiro no PSF.
Repercussão das doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis na concessão de benefícios pela previdência social
Authors: Moura Alda Alice Gomes de , Carvalho Eduardo Freese de , Silva Neiton José Carvalho da
Published: October 2007

Este artigo busca identificar a repercussão das Doenças Crônicas Não-Transmissíveis (DCNT) na concessão de auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez, a partir das agências do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS), no período 2000-2002. Foi analisado o universo dos 17.970 benefícios concedidos, nas duas modalidades, do conjunto das agências localizadas em Recife. Inicialmente, foram identificados os benefícios por todos os grandes grupos de doenças, de acordo com a CID-10. As doenças osteomusculares (DO) e as doenças do aparelho circulatório (DAC) são as principais causas para concessão de auxílio-doença. Para aposentadoria por invalidez, as DAC, os transtornos mentais (TMC), e as DO são as três primeiras causas. As principais causas específicas de benefícios dentro dos grandes grupos das DCNT, foram identificadas, para a concessão de auxílio-doença, a hipertensão arterial, a diabetes mellitus, as artroses, o câncer da mama e do intestino, os transtornos do humor e a esquizofrenia. Em relação às aposentadorias por invalidez, as doenças cerebrovasculares, a diabetes mellitus, as artroses, o câncer do aparelho digestivo e a esquizofrenia. Dos benefícios concedidos, a maioria foi para homens (66%), entre 39 e 58 anos, e com valor mensal inicial de até três salários mínimos.
Inserção de profissionais de fisioterapia na equipe de saúde da família e Sistema Único de Saúde: desafios na formação
Authors: Silva Daysi Jung da , Ros Marco Aurélio Da
Published: October 2007

Este trabalho se insere numa proposta de desvelar o papel do fisioterapeuta no Programa Saúde da Família, focalizando a integralidade, objetivando analisar a formação acadêmica do fisioterapeuta em relação ao Programa sob a ótica dos atores envolvidos, tomando como caso o curso de fisioterapia da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina - campus Tubarão. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso, realizando-se entrevistas com três enfermeiras do Programa Saúde da Família, três professoras, duas estagiárias e vice-coordenador do curso. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo dos discursos coletados. Nas considerações finais, pontua-se que o entendimento das enfermeiras e também das alunas, sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta no Programa Saúde da Família, está pautado nas doenças, havendo, portanto, necessidade de esclarecimento dos professores e coordenação sobre o assunto em questão para evitar tal reflexo, ampliando a experiência no próprio Programa Saúde da Família realizada pelo curso, preparando o profissional para a atuação em equipe e a prática da integralidade da atenção.
Idosos de Florianópolis: autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal e utilização de serviços odontológicos
Authors: Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Mello Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira de , Gonçalves Lúcia Hisako Takase
Published: October 2007

O presente artigo é um recorte do "Perfil do Idoso do Município de Florianópolis" (2004) obtido por meio do questionário Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS), aplicado a 875 idosos. Os dados focalizados no recorte são relativos à autopercepção dos entrevistados sobre suas condições de saúde bucal e uso dos serviços odontológicos, que foram associados com as variáveis sociodemográficas. A discrepância entre os dados sobre percepção de saúde bucal e reais condições de saúde bucal, como altas porcentagens de falta de dentes e presença de próteses, revela a maneira singular como o idoso percebe esse aspecto de sua saúde. O estado dos dentes somente mostrou-se associado significativamente à renda familiar. A consulta odontológica recente esteve associada à necessidade de próteses e por encaminhamento médico. O estudo permite concluir pela exigência de políticas públicas de atenção específica à saúde bucal dos idosos, de modo a promover saúde e bem-estar para todos, no irreversível processo de envelhecer.
Influência da classe social nas razões clínicas das perdas dentárias
Authors: Cimões Renata , Caldas Júnior Arnaldo de França , Souza Eliane Helena Alvim de , Gusmão Estela Santos
Published: October 2007

Com o objetivo de determinar a influência da classe social nas razões clínicas das perdas dentárias na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, foi realizado um estudo transversal que envolveu 466 indivíduos adultos, com idade entre 18 a 76 anos. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos e demográficos através de um formulário. O exame clínico determinou a razão pela qual o dente seria extraído e houve registro do CPO-D de todos os pacientes. Os pacientes foram incluídos em classes sociais com base nos dados coletados dos formulários. 54,1% dos indivíduos que participaram da pesquisa eram do sexo feminino, a idade teve média de 33,73 ± 13,68 anos, observou-se que 369 (79,2%) não tinham completado o segundo grau e 385 (82,6) apresentaram renda familiar de até quatro salários mínimos, com média de 3,4 ± 5,4. A principal razão das perdas dos dentes permanentes foi a cárie dentária. Os pacientes apresentaram em média 16,59 ± 6,96 dentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados, a maioria dos pacientes 219 (47,0%) apresentaram CPO-D entre onze a vinte dentes. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre a razão da perda e o grupo social a que pertencia o paciente (P<0,001). Concluiu-se que a classe social influenciou significativamente na razão clínica da perda dentária.
Como poderia a Gerontologia, um campo multidisciplinar do saber, estar presente na Tabela das Áreas do Conhecimento do CNPq?
Authors: Prado Shirley Donizete , Sayd Jane Dutra
Published: October 2007

Discutimos a possibilidade da inserção da Gerontologia na Tabela das Áreas do Conhecimento do CNPq num cenário em essa tabela vem sendo questionada na comunidade científica, particularmente no que se refere à inclusão de áreas multidisciplinares. A partir de Foucault, entendemos a Árvore do Conhecimento como uma taxonomia, um continuum, onde todas as áreas são colocadas lado a lado, mais próximas ou mais afastadas conforme semelhanças e diferenças entre si. Trata-se de um tratamento linear e finito que estabelece que uma determinada área do conhecimento só pode estar situada num ponto da parte da linha que corresponde a uma grande área. A Gerontologia caracteristicamente multidisciplinar não alcançou lugar nessa taxonomia institucionalizada, seja porque haveria problemas em relação a conceitos, interesses e projeto político em sua constituição como área do conhecimento, seja porque a taxonomia seria incompatível com a multidisciplinaridade. Concluímos que é possível conceber uma nova Tabela de Campos de Conhecimentos e de Saberes e proceder visualizações dos estudos sobre o envelhecimento e sobre toda e qualquer região dos conhecimentos e dos saberes na plenitude de sua muldisciplinaridade e de suas transformações ao longo dos tempos.
Prediction of Three-Phase Relative Permeabilities Using a Pore-Scale Network Model Anchored to Two-Phase Data
Authors: Svirsky D. S. , van Dijke M. I. J. , Sorbie K. S.
Published: October 2007

A first attempt has been made to predict three-phase relative permeability experimental data of a water-wet Berea sandstone obtained by Oak (1990) using the three-phase flow network model for arbitrary wettability developed by van Dijke and Sorbie (2002a). First, the network model is anchored to the corresponding two-phase relative permeability and capillary pressure data using an idealized representation of the pore geometry and a simple parameter-fitting procedure. Then, predictions of three-phase properties are made, which are compared with experimental data as well as previous predictions from different network models. The present study has confirmed that the relatively simple network model, anchored to experimental data, is able to predict three-phase relative permeabilities with reasonable accuracy, comparable to the accuracy of more-complex models. On the basis of these preliminary results, a limited sensitivity study is carried out with respect to different wettability states and two combinations of interfacial tensions (IFTs). This study reveals some new results with respect to the invariance of relative permeability to interfacial-tension combinations and the trend of water relative permeability as a function of the fraction of oil-wet pores in systems of nonuniform wettability.
Redevelopment of a Matured Multilayered Carbonate Offshore Field Through High-Technology Horizontal and Multilateral Wells
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Ramanan S. , Narasimham J. L.
Published: October 2007

Oil productivity from Mumbai High field, an offshore multilayered carbonate reservoir, increased significantly through the implementation of a major redevelopment program. Geoscientific information available from approximately 700 exploratory and development wells drilled in the field during nearly 25 years was incorporated during geological and reservoir simulation modeling of the field. High-technology drilling (viz. horizontal/multilaterals for the new development wells) was adopted on field scale to effectively address typical complexity of the layered carbonate reservoirs. Since the commencement of the project in 2000, approximately 140 new wells were drilled, mostly with horizontal and multilateral drainholes. Besides these, more than 70 suboptimal producers were also converted as horizontal sidetracks under brownfield development. The horizontal sidetracks were drilled as long-drift sidetrack (LDST), extended-reach drilling (ERD), LDST-ERD, short-drift sidetrack (SDST), and medium-radius drainhole (MRDH) types of wells through the application of innovative and emerging drilling technologies with nondamaging drilling fluids, whipstocks to kick off sidetrack wells, rotary-steering systems, and expandable tubulars to complete horizontal sidetracks in lower layers. With the implementation of this project, the declining trend was fully arrested and a significant upward trend in production has been established.
Prevalence of important zoonotic parasites in dog populations from the Slovak Republic
Authors: Szabová E. , Juriš P. , Miterpáková M. , Antolová D. , Papajová I. , Šefčíková H.
Published: October 2007

Dogs serve as the vectors of serious parasitic diseases with a zoonotic character. In a one-year-study, we collected and examined 752 faeces of dogs. In these faecal samples, 11 different species of intestinal endoparasites were detected, as follows: Toxocara spp. eggs (21.9 %), eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae (18.4 %), coccidia oocysts (10.4 %), eggs of Trichuris spp. (10.0 %), Toxascaris leonina (7.3 %), Capillaria spp. (5.9 %), Taenia type eggs (3.2 %) and Giardia spp. cysts (1.6 %). Echinococcus multilocularis was detected in one sample. Toxocara spp. eggs were dominant in all dog categories, but in hunting dogs they occurred at the highest rate (45.1 %). Faecal samples of dogs from rural ecosystems showed 66.0 % prevalence of intestinal helminths. Presence of Toxocara spp. eggs was found in 25.0 % of sand samples.