bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O carbon lock-in e as energias eólica e solar fotovoltaica no Brasil no século XXI
Authors: Corrêa Lucas , Cário Silvio
Published: September 2024

Esse artigo discute o carbon lock-in, fenômeno resultado de um processo de mudança tecnológica path dependent em tecnologias intensivas em carbono nocivas ao meio ambiente, reforçado pela inércia das instituições e políticas e pela resistência de interesses estabelecidos. Em particular, discute-se as especificidades do lock-in tecnológico e político-institucional no Brasil, identificando entraves à transição energética, relacionados com o lock-in, tanto em relação aos combustíveis fósseis quanto às hidrelétricas. Nesse contexto, fontes alternativas de energia, como a eólica e, em maior medida, a solar fotovoltaica, apesar dos elevados potenciais, se encontram, em grande parte, inexploradas. Ainda assim, a taxa de crescimento da capacidade instalada ao longo do início do século XXI e o crescimento da participação dessas fontes no total de energia elétrica gerada demonstram seus importantes avanços no país, especialmente no caso da eólica, em grande medida frutos de uma série de políticas governamentais.
MULHER E TRABALHO: UMA AVALIAÇÃO DOS PLANOS ESTADUAIS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA MULHERES DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ – BRASIL (2014-2021)
Authors: Izepão Rosalina Lima , Celeste Carolina Sanches
Published: September 2024

Nas últimas décadas, em especial a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, as mulheres brasileiras têm conseguido ampliar seus espaços em vários setores da sociedade. Historicamente tem sido uma luta árdua e que envolvem múltiplos fatores e políticas públicas. No presente artigo foram analisados os dois planos estaduais de políticas públicas para mulheres do Paraná (2014-2016) e (2018-2021), respectivamente, com ênfase no tema “trabalho”. O objetivo foi verificar a importância destes planos enquanto instrumentos de políticas governamentais direcionadas à mulher paranaense. Metodologicamente se tratou de uma pesquisa bibliográfico-documental, onde foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias.  Os resultados mostraram que a mulher paranaense é maioria quando o assunto é demografia e número de eleitores.  No entanto, recebem salários menores que os homens, mesmo tendo a mesma função e grau de escolaridade. Da mesma forma, se destacam quando o assunto é desemprego.  Nestes aspectos, as políticas públicas governamentais têm contribuído para a redução destas desigualdades de gênero, embora de maneira incipiente e os planos têm sido um dos instrumentos importantes para proposição de tais políticas.
O PADRÃO DA POLÍTICA FISCAL PARA GRUPOS DE PAÍSES: CONSENSO DA LITERATURA, TERMOS DE TROCA E NÃO LINEARIDADE.
Authors: Brito Santos Fernandes Carlândia
Published: September 2024

Este artigo investiga o padrão da política fiscal para três grupos de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento: renda baixa (LIC), renda média alta (MIC) e renda alta (HIC). Além disto, analisa a relação entre política fiscal e termos de troca. Utilizando técnicas de GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) para dados em painel, no período de 1995 a 2010, as evidências indicam que o padrão da política fiscal, tanto em relação ao PIB quanto em relação aos termos de troca, convergem para o consenso de que países em desenvolvimento adotam políticas fiscais pró-cíclicas e os desenvolvidos contracíclicas. Além disto, há uma relação não linear, na forma de U invertido, entre o saldo orçamentário e os termos de troca, para os países de renda alta.
O PERFIL DO PROFISSIONAL COM FORMAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS EXIGIDO PELO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: CARPES ANTONIO MARIA DA , Pirolla Arildo
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o perfil do profissional com formação em ciências econômicas exigido pelo mercado de trabalho. A pesquisa justifica-se no campo teórico por preencher a lacuna que se apresenta pelo escasso número de pesquisas nessa área. No campo prático por trazer evidências sobre as perspectivas de demanda por profissionais de ciências econômicas pelo mercado de trabalho dos economistas. O estudo é de natureza descritiva, de caráter documental e predominantemente qualitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas homepage das empresas de recrutamento e seleção Manager Empregos, Catho e Michael Page. Coletou-se 818 anúncios no período delimitado entre o mês de fevereiro a junho do ano de 2015. Os resultados analisados foram segregados em níveis hierárquicos (estratégico, gerencial e operacional). Os resultados apontam para um profissional multidisciplinar com inúmeros desafios num mercado de trabalho que envolve outros profissionais com competências semelhantes: administrador, contador, engenheiro, entre outros.
Palavras-chave: Profissional; Economistas; Mercado.
EVASÃO ESCOLAR NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: EVIDÊNCIAS PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Souza Marília Albuquerque Milfort de
Published: September 2024

A pandemia do Covid-19 teve um impacto sem precedentes no sistema educacional global, com o fechamento das escolas e a transição para a educação remota afetando milhões de estudantes e resultando em consequências significativas, incluindo o aumento da evasão escolar. Diante desse contexto, torna-se relevante o desenvolvimento de pesquisas para compreender a relação entre evasão escolar e a pandemia. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o efeito dos casos e óbitos por Covid-19 na evasão escolar no Brasil, utilizando os dados do Censo Escolar de 2019 a 2021 como referência. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi empregado o modelo de dados em painel, permitindo uma análise estatística abrangente. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma relação positiva entre a evasão escolar no ensino fundamental e as taxas de notificações de infectados e óbitos por Covid-19.
Mudanças no comportamento dos retornos de alguns índices setoriais da Bovespa: uma análise a partir de Markov Switching
Authors: Dreissig Felipe William , Monte Edson Zambon
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar possíveis mudanças de regime da média e da variância do retorno de alguns índices setoriais do mercado acionário brasileiro (Índice de Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário (IFIX), Índice de Consumo (ICON), Índice do Setor Industrial (INDX) e Índice Financeiro (IFNC)), considerando o período entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2022. Como metodologia, utilizou-se o modelo Markov-Switching Autorregressivo (MS-AR) de dois estados proposto por Hamilton (1989). Os resultados revelaram a presença de um regime de baixa volatilidade (regime 1) e outro de alta volatilidade (regime 2), sendo que o de baixa volatilidade é mais persistente, ou seja, a probabilidade de permanência neste regime é maior que a do regime de alta volatilidade. Esses insights empíricos têm implicações importantes para investimentos de portfólio.
DESIGUALDADE NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE PARA O ANO DE 2022
Authors: Couto Ana Cristina Lima , Pichinini Yasmin Rissato
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar alguns aspectos da desigualdade na distribuição de renda no Brasil no ano de 2022 de acordo com alguns recortes específicos em termos de características pessoais e regionais, utilizando-se os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC). Neste trabalho foi feita a elaboração do perfil da desigualdade no rendimento do trabalho segundo atributos como cor ou raça, gênero, escolaridade e localização geográfica. Em seguida, apresentou-se dados sobre algumas características da distribuição de renda no país. Os resultados mostram a manutenção de uma característica estrutural em que os diferenciais de rendimentos ocorrem em detrimento dos grupos mais vulneráveis como mulheres, negros, menos escolarizados e os que vivem nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Além disso, os dados mostram a magnitude da desigual distribuição da renda com altas proporções de pessoas vivendo com rendas muito abaixo da renda média (60%) bem como da mediana (entre 70% e 75%).
Teaching Entrepreneurship in Civil Engineering and Architecture: Self-Diagnosis of Competencies in University Professors
Authors: Ochoa Valery A. , Osorto Henry , Rodriguez Ada S.
Published: September 2024

The present study reflected on the role of teachers of architects and civil engineers in the promotion of entrepreneurship as an institutional axis of higher education centers with the aim of identifying the entrepreneurial competencies they possess through a self-diagnosis based on a mixed approach through a survey questionnaire established after a literature review of the subject and considering the opinion of experts. resulting in the profiles of teachers, their knowledge, skills, social roles, character traits, values and motivations that they possess in their classrooms, as well as the learning strategies they use, character traits, values and motivations that they have in their classrooms, as well as the learning strategies that they suggest they use, in contrast to the theory that, It generalizes teachers in their role as facilitators of learning, but there is an opportunity to improve those skills such as communication, and it is important to provide spaces and activities for both teachers and students to socialize with professionals and companies that are currently part of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in their cities. The perceived limitations to achieve success in the entrepreneurial field were also made known and the interest of teachers in continuing to innovate and train to apply and master this knowledge was documented. It is suggested to venture into sustainable social entrepreneurship since it allows to address environmental and socioeconomic projects, promoting a strong ethic and responsible action in the face of various community problems.
Queering the role of hostel carers within the sexuality education of visually impaired learners
Authors: Ubisi Lindokuhle M.
Published: September 2024

Background: Literature suggests that the comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) of children with disabilities (CwDs) remains located within parental and educators’ ecologies. However, very little focus has been given to the role of hostel carers, especially given that most special schools are mainly residential schools. As such, there is no policy, guidance, or training consideration for support staff such as hostel carers who equally play a care and support role for the CSE needs of CwDs.Objectives: The aim of this article was to explore how hostel carers in South African residential schools for the blind (SFB) perceived and responded to their role in providing CSE to visually impaired learners.Methods: Thirty-six hostel carers from three SFB were conveniently sampled and interviewed in separate focus group discussions. Queer theory underpinned this study, while the data generated was analysed thematically.Results: Given that visually impaired learners spend 9 months of the year in hostels to be given holistic institutional support, hostel carers reported assuming a major role in their CSE. But because they saw themselves as unqualified, outnumbered by learners, and inundated by other responsibilities (e.g. cooking and cleaning), they reported being powerless and incapable to sufficiently cater for the CSE needs of visually impaired learners.Conclusion: The study suggests that hostel carers have been neglected as care and support agents, despite playing a crucial role in the growing psychosexual needs of visually impaired learners.Contribution: A holistic approach to providing CSE to visually impaired learners incorporating carers is provided.
Carriers of the m.3243A>G variant should not be labelled with an acronym before they have been systematically screened for multisystem disease
Authors: Finsterer Josef
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
Application of E-textual research in Chinese Buddhist studies
Authors: Wang Liandong , Jia Min
Published: September 2024

This article attempts to introduce the emerging research method of E-textual research into the study of Chinese Buddhism. By outlining the origin and significance of E-textual research, it explores the potential of this endeavour. The application of E-textual research in the field of Buddhism is discussed to clarify its scope and operational procedures. The article also addresses the limitations of E-textual research, stemming from its inherent constraints and the impact of other emerging technologies. E-textual research is not merely a passing trend but offers further avenues for exploration, representing a novel approach for Buddhist studies to engage with new materials and questions in the digital age.Contribution: This article introduces the emerging research method of E-textual research into the study of Chinese Buddhism, outlining its background, operational procedures, existing limitations and future prospects. E-textual research is presented as a new method for addressing new materials and questions in the digital age.
Identification of bioactive compounds in Amphipterygium adstringens branch bark
Authors: Reyes-García Beatriz , Castillo-Juárez Israel , Díaz-Nuñez José L. , Rivera-Chávez José A. , Gutiérrez Jorge , Salomé-Abarca Luis F. , García-Esteva Antonio , López Mercedes G. , Nieto Blancas José J. , Sotelo-Barrera Mireya
Published: September 2024

Background: Cuachalalate (Amphipterygium adstringens) is one of Mexico’s most commercialised medicinal plants, and its natural populations are mainly found in this country. The high demand for stem bark (SB) has risked its survival, making it necessary to develop sustainable strategies.Aim: This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds in branch bark (BB) and evaluate their antipathogenic and antivirulence capacities.Setting: The study was conducted in the low deciduous forest (LDF) of the State of Puebla, Mexico.Methods: Bioactive metabolites in BB were profiled by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The chemical composition of aqueous bark extracts was scrutinised by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-EM-SQ-TOF system) and molecular network analysis. The folk method’s antipathogenic capacity was determined in a burn model in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, the antivirulence properties of bark organic extracts were determined.Results: The BB contained masticadienoic, 3α-hydroxymasticadienoic and anacardic acids, also present in SB. The aqueous extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, catechins and saponins in both barks. The folk method using BB extracts significantly reduced mouse mortality and prevented sepsis development. This might be related to the capability of extracts to block the production of bacteria virulence factors.Conclusion: The similarity in bioactive metabolites and biological activity between SB and BB of cuachalalate suggests that using BB as a medicinal agent could be a practical and sustainable strategy. This approach could potentially prevent the overexploitation of cuachalalate’s SB, contributing to its conservation.Contribution: This study proposes a sustainable strategy for using cuachalalate as a medicinal agent using BB, a renewable source.
Technological, organisational and environmental drivers of sustainability in hotels
Authors: Martin Lucas Maria , Moreno-Luna Libertad , Roets Aloysius O.S.B. , Al-Jaberi Sarmad
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the position of 155 hotel managers in Africa and Asia about implementing sustainability practices (SP) focussing their competitive advantage (CA). Sustainability practices and CA are explained through the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework within the hospitality, tourism and travel industries.Design/methodology/approach: The Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) methodology was applied to hotels in African countries, including South Africa, as well as Asia. Six variables were analysed in order to study the impact of SP in CA.Findings/results: Findings imply that technological advancements, organisational commitments and environmental considerations collectively foster robust SP in emerging economies. The adoption of eco-friendly technologies (TS), the integration of sustainable policies (OS) and adherence to environmental regulations (ES) collectively contribute to the sustainability goals of hotels.Practical implications: The study reveals that hotels in emerging markets should strategically emphasise the TOE framework to enhance SP and CA. Investing in advanced technologies, implementing effective organisational practices and adhering to environmental standards significantly improve sustainability performance.Originality/value: While the TOE model has been extensively studied across various industries, limited research has explored its application in tourism. This study uniquely investigates how SP can enhance CA in the tourism sector through comparative analysis.
Preferred problem-solving methods employed by Grade 4 learners for measurement word problems
Authors: Govender Rajendran , Adendorff Stanley A. , Rawoot Shabbeer
Published: September 2024

Background: Problem-solving as a vehicle to develop independent thinking skills is mostly underestimated and is often either overlooked or not given adequate attention within the existing South African mathematics curriculum. Consequently, numerous learners often display limited skills or lack skills to adequately crack Mathematics problems by applying methods put forward in class. This generally results in under-achievement.Aim: This study aims to explore and emphasise the problem-solving methods applied by Grade 4 learners involved in solving measurement word problems, and to reveal what transpires when the selected learners apply these methods to arrive at meaningful solutions.Setting: Data were collected from a class of 42 Grade 4 learners at a primary school in Cape Town South Africa. Learners were conveniently selected.Methods: A qualitative case study research design was adopted. Data gathering instruments of the study included observing learners solving, measurement word problem activities and focus group interviews.Results: The study revealed that singular methods were applied by Grade 4 learners, such as, adding, multiplying, creating a sketch or diagram, grouping, dividing, subtracting, logical reasoning, guessing and tabulating values.Conclusion: Grade 4 learners are prone to applying methods such as clustering or organising into groups, tabulating numerical values and logical reasoning were all applying mathematically sound methods. Such learners, however, needed a degree of supervision and instruction to indicate the way in which such methods were applied successfully as these methods were not necessarily dealt with in classroom context or in textbooks.Contribution: The findings emphasise the need for tackling learners’ limited problem-solving competencies and accentuate the necessity for greater attention to develop and grow methods for optimal and successful solving of problems in context.
Changes in patient-reported outcomes during admission to a South African psychiatric facility
Authors: Motshudi Lerato , Hann Cherie-Dee , Kloppers Marilee , Luhandjula Thierry , Phalatse Tiro , Pretorius Damien , Smith Dianne , Smith Manuela , Van der Westhuizen Marius , Rodseth Reitze N.
Published: September 2024

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used as part of clinical practice to determine the impact of the condition and treatment interventions on a patient’s health and quality of life. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a self-administered diagnostic tool that has been widely adopted for the detection and monitoring of depression.Aim: This analysis reports the change in PHQ-9 scores from admission to discharge in patients admitted for depression to a South African acute psychiatric facility and aims to quantify the treatment effect of the admission using the PHQ-9 as the measurement tool.Setting: South African acute psychiatric facility.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted to Netcare Akeso acute psychiatric facilities from 01 January 2018 to 31 October 2022. Patients were included if they were ≥ 18 years of age, admitted with a primary International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 code for depression (i.e. F32–F33) and fully completed both an admission and discharge PHQ-9 questionnaire. We excluded facilities focusing only on the treatment of patients with specialised conditions such as addiction or eating disorders.Results: This analysis included 13 308 patients admitted for depression at 10 different facilities. The median PHQ-9 score on admission was 19 (interquartile range [IQR] 14–23) and 5 (IQR 2–11) on discharge, with a median change of -12 (IQR -5 to -18). A minimal clinically important difference was seen in 87.6% patients (n = 10 091/11 515); a treatment effect was seen in 74.5% of patients and a clinically significant improvement was seen in 72.1% of patients.Conclusion: With the average patient reporting a four-fold reduction in the severity of their depression scores, PROMs provide a critical patient-centred window into the benefit that an inpatient admission has on those suffering with depression.Contribution: These changes are consistent with those seen internationally and provide a baseline for understanding the treatment efficacy of an inpatient admission for the treatment of depression.
Ayurvedic treatment protocol in the management of pancreatitis: A nonrandomized observational study
Authors: Prakash Balendu , Prakash Shikha , Sati Sneha Tiwari , Negi Neha
Published: September 2024

Recurrent Acute/Chronic Pancreatitis (RA/CP) is a progressively debilitating disease with rising incidences in recent years. The limitations of conventional treatment, along with the psychological fear and financial burden associated with it, compel the patients to explore alternative options. In India, where traditional medicines are recognized as treatment options, a North India-based ayurvedic clinic has been treating RA/CP patients using an ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral Formulation (HMF) with a balanced diet and regulated lifestyle. The HMF is prepared using processed mercury, copper, and sulfur following the principles of Rasashastra. The HMF has demonstrated pancreatitis preventive properties in rat models and passed acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity assessments. This retrospective study enrolled 1750 well-diagnosed cases of RA/CP from January 1997 to July 2023. About 67% of the enrolled patients were nonalcoholics, 81% were nontobacco users, and 93% had no family history of the disease. The age group of 19–45 years represented the highest proportion of patients, with a male predominance (5:1). Nine hundred and sixteen patients with RA/CP completed 1-year ayurvedic intervention using HMF, without pancreatic enzymes. The ayurvedic treatment resulted in a significant 93% reduction in the frequency of pancreatitis attacks and a 97% decrease in emergency hospitalizations. The HMF has shown no adverse effects or toxicity in the treated patients. About 1.7% of patients experienced mortality during the treatment or follow-up period due to various reasons. The ayurvedic treatment protocol demonstrated sustainable effects, with the longest remission exceeding 26 years, and has brought a significant reduction in frequency and intensity of RA/CP attacks with an overall improvement in quality of life, warranting further randomized clinical trials to establish strong proof of efficacy.
Efficacy of Vidangadi lauha in the management of Pandu roga (~iron deficiency anemia) in adolescent girls
Authors: Monika  , Mahapatra Arun Kumar , Rajagopala S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Pandu roga can be correlated to Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in the modern context. Adolescent girls are at high risk of IDA due to the high requirement of iron, low intake of nutrients, and blood loss during menses. Iron and folic acid are the drugs of choice for IDA, but it has some side effects such as stomach pain and constipation. Considering this, in the present study efficacy of Vidangadi lauha was compared with that of iron and folic acid as supplements.

Materials and Methods:

Adolescent girls aged 10–16 years were screened for the signs and symptoms of Pandu roga and those who were coming under the inclusion criteria for IDA were randomly arranged into two groups. The first group (Group A) was given 10 ml syrup of Vidangadi lauha once daily; while iron and folic acid tablets were given to the control group (Group B) as per the weekly iron-folic acid supplementation schedule for 3 months. For the assessment of therapy clinical features such as Panduta, Daurabalya, and Rukshata and hematological parameters were assessed before and after treatment.

Results:

On comparing Group A and Group B, the hematological parameters including hemoglobin show nonsignificant results. The difference in subjective parameters was also found statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

Statistically, Vidangadi lauha and Iron and folic acid both showed improvement in hematological as well as clinical parameters. However, the formulation Vidangadi lauha is still preferred over iron and folic acid due to its holistic mode of action over Agni (~digestive and metabolic capacity) and the metabolic system of the body with no side effects.
Caregivers’ Perspectives on Reasonable Accommodation for Persons with Severe Mental Disorders at the Workplace
Authors: Yatheesha V.H. , Reddy Shanivaram K. , Angothu Hareesh , Vranda Mysore N. , Raju Kanmani T. , Pallerla Srikanth
Published: September 2024

Background:

Reasonable accommodation (RA) refers to adjustments or modifications that an employer makes to the workplace to enable an employee with a mental illness to perform the essential functions of their job. Employer and employee should work together to determine the most beneficial accommodations that would not impose an undue hardship on the employer.

Materials and Methods:

An exploratory study design with a purposive sampling technique was used in the current study. Ten in-depth interviews have been conducted with the caregivers (CGs) of persons with severe mental disorders (SMDs).

Results:

The CGs’ mean age is 55 years. The data have been collected from November 2022 to January 2023. Out of ten CGs, three were female and seven were male. The content analysis of CG interview transcripts suggests that persons with SMD lost or discontinued their jobs due to leaves, lack of peer support/supervision, more targets, shift work, discrimination at the workplace, and lower salaries. The CGs opined that the RAs for persons with SMD are adjustments in the work environment, policy, or procedure modifications that enable the individual to perform their job, allowing them to work from home.

Conclusion:

RAs for persons with SMDs are essential from the CGs’ perspective. RA for persons with SMD at work can promote their job continuation and social support.
Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation: An Initial Experience in Southern India
Authors: Durairaj Parthiban , Senthil M. , Bharathan Anand
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is a well-documented therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Here, we share the initial reports of SPKT conducted at our institution.

Patients and Methods:

We performed five SPKT procedures in patients with IDDM and ESRD between April 2021 and April 2023. All grafts were procured from healthy, in-house, brain-dead donors.

Results:

The recipients included three males and two females, with a mean age of 35 ± 11.2 years. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus and time on dialysis were 17 ± 9.7 years and 21 ± 8.7 months, respectively. Donors had a mean age and body mass index of 27 ± 5.8 years and 23 ± 2.7 kg/m2. The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and creatinine levels of donors at the time of donation were 5.6% ±0.27% and 0.98 ± 0.4 mg/dL. One recipient underwent pancreas removal due to a duodenal leak, and one developed kidney acute tubular necrosis. All recipients were on proper follow-up for a median period of 12 (4–18) months, with 100% patient survival, 80% pancreas, and 100% kidney survival. Average HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, and serum creatinine on follow-up were 5.5% ±0.7%, 84 ± 9.9 mg/dL, and 1 ± 0.16 mg/dL, respectively.

Conclusion:

In our initial experience with SPKT, recipient outcomes were comparable to results published in the literature. With proper graft selection, SPKT can be established in small-volume centers. Meticulous surgical technique and postoperative management remain key to the success of the transplant program.
Prosthetic Graft Migration in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case for Conservative Management?
Authors: Sivaprasadan Saraswathy , Anila K. N. , Koneti J Akshadhar , Sudhindran S.
Published: September 2024

A 61-year-old male underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for decompensated chronic liver disease with hepatocellular carcinoma. The right lobe from the live donor was used as the graft. During implantation, the drainage of the anterior sector of the right lobe graft was through a reconstructed middle hepatic vein using a prosthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft. Routine follow-up at 6 weeks showed a thrombosed PTFE graft with no clinical, radiological, or biochemical deterioration of the allograft. He was therefore managed conservatively. A routine computed tomography scan at 2 years demonstrated that the PTFE graft had eroded into the duodenum. Given the total absence of symptoms and the risk of complications associated with removing the graft, we decided against any surgical or endoscopic intervention. After a further 3 year period of follow-up, the patient continues to remain well. Enteric erosion of a prosthetic graft following LDLT can be managed without intervention, although long-term consequences are unknown.
Chylous Ascites: A Rare Complication After Donor Right Hepatectomy
Authors: Badawy Amr , Mourad Mohamed , Sharan Mohamed Abdallah , Elyamany Amany Saleh , Elgendi Ahmed , Said Hany , Bahaa Mohamed , Abdelghafar Mohamed Fathy
Published: September 2024

Chylous ascites (CA) is a rare complication after abdominal surgeries, particularly donor hepatectomy and liver transplantation. We present a case of CA developed following donor right hepatectomy. Initially managed with a high-protein, low-fat diet and Sandostatin® (Octreotide Acetate), the patient’s condition improved but did not resolve. Subsequently, the treatment plan was modified to include clear oral fluids, total parenteral nutrition, and Sandostatin®, resulting in a significant improvement and ultimate discontinuation of CA drainage. This case sheds light on the management strategies for CA following donor hepatectomy and emphasizes the need for a multimodal approach.
Factors Affecting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Jeevrajani Jeel Mahendrabhai , Sheth Megha
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is “the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity (PA).” CRF is a well-established predictor of a wide range of negative health outcomes. Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) will very well aid in the assessment of CRF.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling on men aged 40–65 from the community of Ahmedabad. Six-minute walk test was used to assess CRF. All participants’ body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), PA levels (Rapid Assessment of PA [RAPA]), fatigue levels (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]), depression, anxiety, and stress were analyzed. Regression analysis was done using the SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:

Sixty-five participants with a mean age of 53.48 ± 7.76 years participated in the study. The mean 6MWD was 486.6 ± 110.13 m. Association of 6MWD with BMI was 1%, with WC was 2.2%, with RAPA was 28.9%, with FSS was 45.8%, with depression was 23.6%, with anxiety was 31.4%, and with stress was 38.1%.

Conclusion:

CRF of middle-aged men was found to be low. BMI and WC had minimal effect while PA levels, fatigue levels, depression, anxiety, and stress levels had an influence on CRF. Further studies should be designed to improve the factors affecting CRF in middle-aged men.
Giant Lumbosacral Extradural Intraosseous Schwannoma in an Adolescent Male – A Rare Lesion
Authors: Kharosekar Hrushikesh Umakant , Kumar Shrijit , Saurabh Saket , Velho Vernon
Published: September 2024

Schwannoma are benign slow growing tumor arising from Schwann cells of the nerve sheaths of peripheral nerves. Giant spinal schwannomas are defined as lesions that extend over more than two vertebral levels or have extraspinal extension of more than 2.5 cm. They are usually intradural, Extradural giant spinal schwannomas in the adolescent age group is of rare. Only 5 cases of purely extradural giant spinal schwanomma have been reported in literature. We report a purely extradural giant schwanomma and its management.
Comparative Analysis of Platelet-rich Plasma and Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections in the Management of Plantar Fasciitis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gaurav Abhishek , Shroff Abhijit , Pisal Tushar , Patel Hetal Yogeshbhai
Published: September 2024

Context:

Plantar fasciitis, a prevalent cause of heel pain, poses challenges in treatment due to diverse therapeutic options and variable outcomes. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections have emerged as potential interventions, yet their comparative effectiveness remains debated.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of PRP and TA injections in relieving pain, improving function, and promoting healing in individuals with plantar fasciitis.

Settings and Design:

The study design was a prospective, hospital-based, experimental study.

Subjects and Methods:

A 2-year prospective hospital-based experimental study was conducted, enrolling patients aged 30–60 years with plantar fasciitis. Patients received either PRP or TA injections. Preoperative assessments and 3 months of monitoring were performed. Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) survey was utilized for outcome evaluation.

Statistical Analysis Used:

T-test was applied.

Results:

Ninety patients were included, with both treatment groups demonstrating significant improvement in foot symptoms. PRP administration showed superiority in descending and ascending stairs, rising from sitting, and walking on flat surfaces compared to TA. FAOS scores indicated significant improvement posttreatment in both groups, with PRP yielding better outcomes than TA.

Conclusions:

Both PRP and TA injections effectively alleviate foot symptoms in plantar fasciitis patients. However, PRP demonstrates superior outcomes in specific functional activities and quality-of-life components compared to TA. These findings suggest PRP as a preferred intervention in the management of plantar fasciitis.
Evaluating the effects of humor therapy on fatigue levels of hemodialysis patients: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Sahebkar Mohammad , Ansari Mojgan , Attarzadeh Farnush , Borzoee Fateme
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study investigated the effects of humor therapy on the fatigue levels of patients receiving hemodialysis (HD).

Materials and Methods:

A single-blind, randomized clinical trial of 66 HD patients for 3 weeks was conducted, in which two groups were randomly allocated – humor therapy and control. In the intervention group, humor therapy sessions were conducted twice a week for 3 weeks. As a pre- and postintervention assessment, the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) was completed.

Results:

According to the repeated-measures ANOVA test, FSI values exhibited a significant decline in the humor therapy group and an increase in the control group at the first, second, and third visits (humor therapy vs. control: 30.38 ± 8.75 and 61.80 ± 13.92, P < 0.001; 35.71 ± 10.05 and 69.53 ± 15.32, P < 0.001; and 34.85 ± 9.24 and 70.34 ± 22.26, P < 0.001, respectively) compared with baseline (humor therapy vs. control: 49.26 ± 5.19 and 52.09 ± 11.69, P = 0.204).

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that humor therapy can effectively reduce fatigue levels in patients presenting with HD.
Evaluation of sleep quality in stage II and stage III colorectal cancer patients–secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D’Souza Anita R. , Chaudhari Jyoti , Ostwal Vikas , Ramaswamy Anant , Bhargava Prabhat
Published: September 2024

Background:

Sleep quality in cancer patients often does not receive sufficient attention from their treating physicians and nurses. This report aims to highlight this under-researched issue among colorectal cancer patients scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

This is a secondary analysis of data from 129 participants from a randomized controlled trial conducted to determine the nurse-led intervention’s effect on cognitive and non-cognitive functions and serum TNF-alpha levels in patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer at Tata Memorial Hospital. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to collect data on sleep quality. The study also explored potential reasons for the reported poor sleep quality in the selected cohort.

Results:

The prevalence of poor sleep quality was approximately 60%. Sleep was primarily affected due to poor sleep latency and sleep efficiency. Also, women were more likely to experience issues related to sleep. Patients did not consider it a significant issue to report to their treating physicians and nurses. Factors contributing to poor sleep quality included financial concerns, child-rearing responsibilities, and anxiety about disease outcomes.

Conclusion:

Cancer patients do experience poor sleep quality, and it is crucial to assess and address this issue promptly to prevent adverse responses to cancer therapy, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.
Revolutionizing medicine practice using stem cells in healthcare: review article
Authors: Acharya Prajnashree , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar B.
Published: September 2024

This review delves into the transformative potential of stem cells in healthcare, particularly within regenerative medicine. With their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, stem cells offer groundbreaking possibilities for treating various medical conditions. The review begins by thoroughly exploring different types of stem cells, from totipotent to pluripotent, highlighting their specific capabilities. This foundational understanding sets the stage for examining the therapeutic potential of stem cells. A key focus is the practical application of stem cell-based therapies, particularly in treating conditions like epidermolysis bullosa and macular degeneration. These examples showcase how stem cell research translates into real-world treatments, helping individuals with debilitating illnesses regain functionality and improve their quality of life. The review further emphasizes advancements in clinical trials, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injuries, demonstrating significant progress in these fields. Additionally, the importance of stem cell banking is underscored as an essential resource for future regenerative medicine, offering a readily available source of cells for personalized treatments. Integrating stem cell research into therapeutic applications represents a revolutionary leap in modern medicine, potentially disrupting traditional treatment paradigms and providing new hope for previously incurable diseases.
Study of histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Subramaniyan Mahalakshmi , Shrinivas Arathi , Hasabi Vidya , Mary Anne , Reddy Purushotham
Published: September 2024

Background:

Ovarian tumors rank as the third leading cause of mortality among female genital tract malignancies. This study examined the histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms based on our center’s 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study was carried out over 5 years at our tertiary healthcare hospital, including 406 cases of ovarian neoplasms. After proper fixation and gross examination, sections were routinely processed and examined. The histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms was analyzed according to the 2020 WHO classification.

Results:

Out of the 406 cases studied, 329 (81.03%) were benign, 65 (16.01%) were malignant, and 12 (2.95%) were borderline. The cases included 326 (80.29%) surface epithelial tumors, 58 (14.28%) germ cell tumors, 19 (4.68%) sex cord-stromal tumors, and 2 (0.49%) metastatic tumors. The majority of ovarian tumors (n = 340, 83.74%) occurred in the 20–60 years age group.

Conclusion:

The study reveals that benign tumors were more prevalent than malignant ones, with serous tumors being the most common among the benign cases. We observed a higher incidence of malignancy in women over the age of 40. Therefore, early and accurate histological diagnosis is crucial for initiating an appropriate management plan.
A study to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on nursing students’ knowledge of euthanasia across different colleges in Navi Mumbai, India
Authors: Tike Shital Parag , Ghag Shweta
Published: September 2024

Background:

Euthanasia, derived from the Greek term meaning “good death,” involves ending a life to alleviate suffering, particularly in cases of terminal illness or severe pain. Legal views on euthanasia vary globally, with the Netherlands and Belgium leading by legalizing it in 2001 and 2002, respectively. In India, the 2011 Supreme Court ruling in the Aruna Shanbaug case permitted passive euthanasia under specific conditions, sparking ongoing debates about the legalization of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.

Materials and Methods:

This study used a quantitative research design with a pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest approach. The study was conducted at selected Navi Mumbai colleges, including 108 students selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. A pretest was administered before the structured teaching program, which was then implemented. The students were reassessed 7 days later.

Results:

Among the 108 B.Sc. nursing students, pretest knowledge scores revealed that 34% had poor knowledge and 57% had average knowledge, indicating a moderate understanding of euthanasia. In contrast, posttest results showed that 59% of students demonstrated good knowledge, and 41% exhibited excellent knowledge. The mean pretest score of 7.19 increased to 14 in the posttest, highlighting that the structured teaching program significantly improved the students’ knowledge of euthanasia. No significant association was found between pre-intervention knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.

Conclusion:

Effective education can substantially enhance knowledge levels. The structured teaching program successfully improved students’ understanding of euthanasia, as they initially had a limited grasp of the topic.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Music Therapy in Post-Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Feng , Fu Hui
Published: September 2024

Background: The therapeutic effects of music therapy on improving negative emotions and reducing pain are increasingly acknowledged. However, limited clinical research exists on its use in patients post-laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (LOC). Materials and Methods: A total of 147 patients undergoing LOC at our hospital were evaluated. Patients were divided based on the implementation time of music therapy: group A (72 patients, October 2020 to October 2021) received standard clinical treatment, while group B (75 patients, November 2021 to November 2022) received music therapy alongside routine care. The baseline data of patients and the scores of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire were collected. Pain and psychological stress levels were compared on the first postoperative day and at discharge to assess the clinical value of each treatment approach. Results: Group B exhibited significantly lower PSS, SF-MPQ, and BAI scores (P < 0.001 for all) and higher overall satisfaction at discharge (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that music therapy can reduce psychological stress, decrease pain levels, and improve mood in patients undergoing LOC. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that music therapy positively rehabilitates patients after LOC, offering new insights for future clinical treatment strategies.
Crafting Strategies for Promoting Healthy Ear and Hearing Care: Making It Happen
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh Ram , Bobhate Prateek Sudhakar , Mendhe Harshal Gajanan , Bandre Gulshan R
Published: September 2024

Globally, hearing loss is a prevalent health condition that often goes unattended and significantly influences the quality of life of the affected individual. The prevalence of hearing loss is expected to rise in the years to come, predominantly due to the changes in the demography, increased exposure to recreational noise, and disregarding ear conditions that can account for hearing loss but are immensely preventable. A wide range of activities can be planned and organized to promote ear and hearing care and thereby contribute to our vision to prevent the consequences of unaddressed hearing loss. However, the sustainability of these events, especially in terms of accomplishing the intended outcomes, essentially depends on the involvement of the community and the political leaders. In conclusion, the strategies to promote ear and hearing care are much more essential than health interventions do; rather, these measures have social implications. The need of the hour is to create awareness among different stakeholders to ensure that we can change the perception of the masses and that ear and hearing care becomes a global public health priority.
Application Value of Music Therapy in Improving the Emotional State and Quality of Life of Hospitalized Patients with Breast Cancer: Retrospective Study
Authors: Guo Juan , Yu Zhongzhen , Xiao Xinping , Dong Jie
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to apply music therapy as a clinical treatment for patients with breast cancer (BC) experiencing mild or moderate depression during hospitalization and observe any improvements in their depression and quality of life. Methods: A total of 102 patients who had mild-to-moderate depression, were diagnosed with BC, and were admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to October 2023 were selected as the subjects of a retrospective analysis. According to their participation in short-term music therapy, they were divided into a control group (routine nursing treatment n = 45) and an observation group (routine nursing treatment + music therapy n = 57). Self-rating depression (SDS) scale and functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) scale Chinese version 4.0 scores and patient satisfaction after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the SDS scale scores and FACT-B scores of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The patient satisfaction in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Music therapy is a highly safe method to improve the depression and quality of life of patients with BC. It also provides a simple and convenient nondrug clinical treatment with broad application prospects.