bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CodY: An Essential Transcriptional Regulator Involved in Environmental Stress Tolerance in Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus RMSA24
Authors: Pei Hao , Zhu Chengfeng , Shu Fang , Lu Zhengfei , Wang Hui , Ma Kai , Wang Jun , Lan Ranxiang , Shang Fei , Xue Ting
Published: August 2023

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), as the main pathogen in milk and dairy products, usually causes intoxication with vomiting and various kinds of inflammation after entering the human body. CodY, an important transcriptional regulator in S. aureus, plays an important role in regulating metabolism, growth, and virulence. However, little is known about the role of CodY on environmental stress tolerance. In this research, we revealed the role of CodY in environmental stress tolerance in foodborne S. aureus RMSA24. codY mutation significantly reduced the tolerance of S. aureus to desiccation and oxidative, salt, and high-temperature stresses. However, S. aureus was more tolerant to low temperature stress due to mutation of codY. We found that the expressions of two important heat shock proteins—GroEL and DanJ—were significantly down-regulated in the mutant codY. This suggests that CodY may indirectly regulate the high- and low-temperature tolerance of S. aureus by regulating the expressions of groEL and danJ. This study reveals a new mechanism of environmental stress tolerance in S. aureus and provides new insights into controlling the contamination and harm caused by S. aureus in the food industry.
Recent Progress in Understanding the Impact of Food Processing and Storage on the Structure–Activity Relationship of Fucoxanthin
Authors: Gomez-Zavaglia Andrea , Barros Lillian , Prieto Miguel A. , Cassani Lucía
Published: August 2023

Fucoxanthin, a brown algae carotenoid, has attracted great interest because of its numerous biological activities supported by in vitro and in vivo studies. However, its chemical structure is susceptible to alterations when subjected to food processing and storage conditions, such as heat, oxygen, light, and pH changes. Consequently, these conditions lead to the formation of fucoxanthin derivatives, including cis-isomers, apo-fucoxanthinone, apo-fucoxanthinal, fucoxanthinol, epoxides, and hydroxy compounds, collectively known as degradation products. Currently, little information is available regarding the stability and functionality of these fucoxanthin derivatives resulting from food processing and storage. Therefore, enhancing the understanding of the biological effect of fucoxanthin derivatives is crucial for optimizing the utilization of fucoxanthin in various applications and ensuring its efficacy in potential health benefits. To this aim, this review describes the main chemical reactions affecting the stability of fucoxanthin during food processing and storage, facilitating the identification of the major fucoxanthin derivatives. Moreover, recent advancements in the structure–activity relationship of fucoxanthin derivatives will be critically assessed, emphasizing their biological activity. Overall, this review provides a critical updated understanding of the effects of technological processes on fucoxanthin stability and activity that can be helpful for stakeholders when designing processes for food products containing fucoxanthin.
Effects of Cooking Processes on Protein Nutritional Values and Volatile Flavor Substances of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhang Pengcheng , Peng Haichuan , Chen Qiuyue , Jiao Xiaolei , Jia Jianlin , Pan Zhongli , Cheng Jie , Wang Linguo
Published: August 2023

Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is normally cooked at a high temperature. In order to explore the effects of cooking methods on the protein nutritional values and volatile flavor substances of silver carp meat, the meat was fried, roasted and steamed, and its contents were determined in relation to moisture, protein, fat, ash, amino acids and volatile flavor substances. The results show that the moisture content of cooked silver carp can be ranked as follows: raw > steamed > roasted > fried. The protein content order of the four samples can be ranked: fried > roasted > raw > steamed. The ash and the fat contents of the four samples showed similar significant (p < 0.05) differences, in the order of fried > roasted > steamed > raw. The contents of all the amino acids in the fried meat were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the contents in others, and the frying, roasting and steaming processes improved the umami taste (supported by the increased content of glutamate and aspartate) and the protein nutritional value (supported by the amino acid score, essential amino acid index and protein efficiency ratio) of the silver carp meat. A total of 51 compounds were detected in the fried, roasted and steamed meat. Frying and roasting reduced the fishy flavor of this meat. The odor activity value (OAV) indicated that methanethiol, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-heptanone were the key flavor chemicals in raw meat. Hexanal, propionaldehyde, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-heptanone were key to the flavor of fried meat. Pentanal, decanal, methyl mercap-tan and 1-octen-3-ol contributed greatly to the overall flavor of the roasted meat. Nonanal, methylmercaptan and 1-octene-3-ol had strong effects on the flavor of the steamed silver carp meat.
Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Root-Reinforcement Effects in Long and Steep Slopes
Authors: Tiwari Ram Chandra , Bhandary Netra Prakash
Published: August 2023

This article introduces a novel numerical scheme within the finite element method (FEM) to study soil heterogeneity, specifically focusing on the root–soil matrix in fracture treatments. Material properties, such as Young’s modulus of elasticity, cohesion, and the friction angle, are considered as randomly distributed variables. To address the inherent uncertainty associated with these distributions, a Monte Carlo simulation is employed. By incorporating the uncertainties related to material properties, particularly the root component that contributes to soil heterogeneity, this article provides a reliable estimation of the factor of safety, failure surface, and slope deformation, all of which demonstrate a progressive behavior. The probability distribution curve for the factor of safety (FOS) reveals that an increase in the root area ratio (RAR) results in a narrower range and greater certainty in the population mean, indicating reduced material variation. Moreover, as the slope angle increases, the sample mean falls within a wider range of the probability density curve, indicating an enhanced level of material heterogeneity. This heterogeneity amplifies the level of uncertainty when predicting the factor of safety, highlighting the crucial importance of accurate information regarding heterogeneity to enhancing prediction accuracy.
The Association between Executive Function and Performing Instrumental Daily Activities in People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: García-Pintor Beatriz , Morales-Rodríguez Francisco Manuel , Pérez-Mármol José Manuel
Published: August 2023

Institutionalized individuals with intellectual disabilities have few opportunities to participate in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which probably affects higher cognitive functions, or vice versa. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the possible difference in the ability to perform IADLs and executive functioning between individuals with and without intellectual disabilities and to determine if executive functions are associated with the performance of IADLs in people with intellectual disabilities. This was a multi-center cross-sectional study, conducted between July 2019 and May 2020. Participants with intellectual disabilities were recruited from four centers for people with intellectual disabilities. Adults without these disabilities were gathered from several community centers. The sample consisted of 90 individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities and 79 individuals with no intellectual disability. Executive functions were evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—WAIS-IV, the INECO Frontal Screening test, the Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome—BADS—Scale. The performance of the IADLs was assessed by the Lawton and Brody Scale. The results showed that the higher the function in instrumental activities, the lower the impairment of executive functions. Executive functions accounted for 81% of the total variance in the ability to perform the IADLs. In conclusion, individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities demonstrated limitations in executing the IADLs, which were partially associated with low performance in executive functions. This information could help in the development of evidence-based intervention programs and facilitate the formulation of appropriate support strategies to enhance participation in these activities.
Developmental Study on “Smart Silver Care”: A Mobile Application to Alleviate Loneliness in Older Adults within the Community
Authors: Choi Hee-Kyung , Lee Kayoung , Lee Seon-Heui
Published: August 2023

Background: Loneliness poses a significant threat to the quality of life of older adults. Therefore, it is essential to implement non-face-to-face services to solve the loneliness of older adults in the community. Objectives: This study used the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model to develop mobile applications as a loneliness intervention for older adults living in the community. Methods: A mobile application was developed using the ADDIE model to alleviate loneliness in older adults living in the community. The development process included a systematic review, a face-to-face preference survey, and an experts’ evaluation. From 11 to 15 June 2021, the following six databases were used to search for related articles: Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, KISS, Korea Med, RISS. A preference analysis was conducted on 100 adults aged 65 or older living in the community from 15 July to 31 August 2021. Results: A mobile application for community-dwelling older adults was developed. Its contents included emotional support, cognition, physical activity, health data, nutrition, and motivation. They were organized through a systematic review and preference survey in the analysis stage. They were also designed as main menus and sub-content at the design stage. They also designed the structure, functionality, and interface layout. The application was developed by integrating the designed content and determining the operating system, language, access method, privacy, and server history. Then, experts evaluated the validity of the application. Conclusions: The prototype mobile application incorporates emotional support, cognition, physical activity, health data, nutrition, and motivation. It is expected to help older adults achieve their goals by promoting participation. By incorporating expert validity into the content development process of early prototypes, we have improved the usability and acceptability of our products. Future pilot trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this mobile application among older adults.
Tourism Competitiveness in Eastern Africa: RCA and TTCI
Authors: Bacsi Zsuzsanna , Yasin Abdi Shukri , Bánhegyi Gabriella
Published: August 2023

Eastern Africa is home to strikingly beautiful landscapes, unique wildlife and exotic cultural heritage that create outstanding tourism appeal. Unfortunately, these attractive features do not always translate to high tourism revenues. This paper focuses on analyzing the relationships between tourism performance indicators—arrivals, revenues and the revenue-based revealed comparative advantage (RCA)—and compare them to the components of destination facilities and endowments measured by the Tourism and Travel Competitiveness Index (TTCI). The analysis concentrates on Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, using secondary data from 2005 to 2017. The methodology applies correlation analysis and panel regression. As the results show, the TTCI and RCA are negatively correlated, but the components of the TTCI have different relationships to the RCA. Natural heritage positively influences the RCA, while cultural resources do not. The higher RCA values are also enhanced by better tourism services and better ground travel infrastructure. Similar analyses have been performed for Europe and some Asian countries, but not for Eastern Africa. The novelty of the present research is the fact that natural heritage resources can contribute considerably to tourism revenues, while cultural resources are not utilized to their full potential in terms of tourism success.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Characterization of Extracts from Unexplored Medicinal Plants Salix schwerinii and Salix kochiana
Authors: Lee Jeongho , Song Yunseok , Son Hyerim , Kim Seunghee , Lee Kang Hyun , Bazarragchaa Badamtsetseg , Lee Changyoung , Yoo Hah Young
Published: August 2023

For a long time, species of the genus Salix have been widely utilized and studied as medicinal plants; however, the biological activity and phytochemical composition of Salix schwerinii (SS) and S. kochiana (SK) have not been studied at all. This study investigated the antioxidant properties of SS and SK extracts and detected phytochemical compounds in the extracts. The results showed that the antioxidant activities (IC50) of SS extract, SK extract, and ascorbic acid (reference) were as follows, respectively: 169.8, 79.8, and 71.2 μg mL−1 for ABTS cation radical scavenging and 38.4, 26.2, and 9.3 μg mL−1 for DPPH free radical scavenging. The results imply that SK has a high potential as a natural antioxidant. The phytochemical compositions of extracts (mg g−1) were analyzed as follows: SS extracts, 217.7 phenolics (1.54 catechin, 0.86 syringic acid, 0.46 luteolin, and others) and 5.06 salicin; SK extracts, 71.0 phenolics (0.54 catechin, 0.28 myricetin, 0.12 salicylic acid, and others) and 2.11 salicin. Compared to previous studies, the present findings go further to highlight that SS deserves attention as a novel source of salicin. The present study highlights the need for further studies on the aspects of medicinal functions of the extracts, bioprocess design for efficient phytochemical extraction, and applications of bioactive substances.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as Lung and Cardiac Vasculature Protecting Agent in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Karam Manale , Auclair Christian
Published: August 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause severe respiratory illness with high mortality. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a massive inflammatory cell infiltration into the infected lungs accompanied by excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The lung histology of dead patients shows that some areas are severely emphysematous, with enormously dilated blood vessels and micro-thromboses. The inappropriate inflammatory response damaging the pulmonary interstitial arteriolar walls suggests that the respiratory distress may come in a large part from lung vasculature injuries. It has been recently observed that low plasmatic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a marker of a worse prognosis of clinical outcome in severe coronavirus disease (COVID) patients. S1P is an angiogenic molecule displaying anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, that promote intercellular interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes resulting in the stabilization of arteries and capillaries. In this context, it can be hypothesized that the benefit of a normal S1P level is due to its protective effect on lung vasculature functionality. This paper provides evidence supporting this concept, opening the way for the design of a pharmacological approach involving the use of an S1P lyase inhibitor to increase the S1P level that in turn will rescue the lung vasculature functionality.
Sodium Butyrate as Key Regulator of Mitochondrial Function and Barrier Integrity of Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nicese Maria Novella , Bijkerk Roel , Van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Van den Berg Bernard M. , Rotmans Joris I.
Published: August 2023

The gut microbiota has emerged as an important modulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. The composition of gut microbiota in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) is altered, where a lower number of bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is observed. It is known that SCFAs, such as butyrate and acetate, have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and CKD but their mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of butyrate and acetate on glomerular endothelial cells. Human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (hgMVECs) were cultured and exposed to butyrate and acetate and their effects on cellular proliferation, mitochondrial mass and metabolism, as well as monolayer integrity were studied. While acetate did not show any effects on hgMVECs, our results revealed that butyrate reduces the proliferation of hgMVECs, strengthens the endothelial barrier through increased expression of VE-cadherin and Claudin-5 and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, butyrate reduces the increase in oxygen consumption induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing a protective effect of butyrate against the detrimental effects of LPS. Taken together, our data show that butyrate is a key player in endothelial integrity and metabolic homeostasis.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Aortic Stenosis—Lessons from Recent Clinical Research Studies
Authors: Krauze Anna , Procyk Grzegorz , Gąsecka Aleksandra , Garstka-Pacak Izabela , Wrzosek Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent primary valve lesion demanding intervention. Two main treatment options are surgical aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. There is an unmet need for biomarkers that could predict treatment outcomes and become a helpful tool in guiding Heart Team in the decision-making process. Micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs/miRs) have emerged as potential biomarkers thoroughly studied in recent years. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in AS based on human subject research. Much research investigating miRNAs’ role in AS has been conducted so far. We included 32 original human subject research relevant to the discussed field. Most of the presented miRNAs were studied only by a single research group. Nevertheless, several miRNAs appeared more than once, sometimes with high consistency between different studies but sometimes with apparent discrepancies. The molecular aspects of diseases are doubtlessly exciting and provide invaluable insights into the pathophysiology. Nevertheless, translating these findings, regarding biomarkers such as miRNAs, into clinical practice requires much effort, time, and further research with a focus on validating existing evidence.
Dual-Dewetting Process for Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Clusters in Wafer Scale
Authors: Kim Minjun , Ahn Hyun-Ju , Silalahi Vanna Chrismas , Heo Damun , Adhikari Samir , Jang Yudong , Lee Jongmin , Lee Donghan
Published: August 2023

Plasmonic molecules, which are geometrically well-defined plasmonic metal nanoparticle clusters, have attracted significant attention due to their enhancement of light–matter interactions owing to a stronger electric field enhancement than that by single particles. High-resolution lithography techniques provide precise positioning of plasmonic nanoparticles, but their fabrication costs are excessively high. In this study, we propose a lithography-free, self-assembly fabrication method, termed the dual-dewetting process, which allows the control of the size and density of gold nanoparticles. This process involves depositing a gold thin film on a substrate and inducing dewetting through thermal annealing, followed by a second deposition and annealing. The method achieves a uniform distribution of particle size and density, along with increased particle density, across a 6-inch wafer. The superiority of the method is confirmed by a 30-fold increase in the signal intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering following the additional dewetting with an 8 nm film, compared to single dewetting alone. Our findings indicate that the dual-dewetting method provides a simple and efficient approach to enable a variety of plasmonic applications through efficient plasmonic molecule large-area fabrication.
Neonatal Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in Hungary—First-Year Experiences
Authors: Xue Andrea , Lénárt István , Kincs Judit , Szabó Hajnalka , Párniczky Andrea , Balogh István , Deák Anna , Monostori Péter Béla , Hegedűs Krisztina , Szabó Attila J. , Szatmári Ildikó
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the strategy of the cystic fibrosis newborn screening (CFNBS) programme in Hungary based on the results of the first year of screening. A combined immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) and pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) CFNBS protocol (IRT/IRT×PAP/IRT) was applied with an IRT-dependent safety net (SN). Out of 88,400 newborns, 256 were tested screen-positive. Fourteen cystic fibrosis (CF) and two cystic fibrosis-positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID) cases were confirmed from the screen-positive cases, and two false-negative cases were diagnosed later. Based on the obtained results, a sensitivity of 88% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 5.9% were calculated. Following the recognition of false-negative cases, the calculation method of the age-dependent cut-off was changed. In purely biochemical CFNBS protocols, a small protocol change, even after a short period, can have a significant positive impact on the performance. CFNBS should be monitored continuously in order to fine-tune the screening strategy and define the best local practices.
Pollen Variability of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth. (Betulaceae) from Southern Range Edge Populations in Northern Morocco
Authors: Sahli Abdelouahab , Kassout Jalal , Boselli Vladimiro Andrea , Ennouni Hassan , Chakkour Soufian , Kadaoui Khalil , Houssni Mhammad , Ater Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Moroccan populations of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth. (Betulaceae) are found at the southern limit of the species’ range and are represented by tetraploid cytotypes with no available pollen data. The objective of this study was to assess the morphological and morphometric variability of the pollen, specifically focusing on pollen diameters and the number of apertures. To achieve this, we sampled 11 populations that are representative of the Moroccan distribution area of this species. We employed a hierarchical sampling design (11 populations, 10 trees per population, and from 30 to 300 pollen grains per tree, depending on the character measured) to examine different levels of variability: interpopulation, intrapopulation, and intraindividual. The results demonstrate that there is no discernible difference in the morphology or size of the pollen among the Moroccan tetraploid populations. However, we observed a high degree of intraspecific variability in pollen morphometric traits, but most of this variability is associated with the intraindividual level.
Differences in Associated Factors of Sedentary Behavior by Diabetes Mellitus Status: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jang Dong Kee , Nam Hyung Seok , Park Mina , Kim Yeo Hyung
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to identify the lifestyle and comorbidity factors associated with sedentary behavior by diabetes mellitus (DM) status. A total of 17,832 participants aged ≥50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Factors associated with long sedentary time (LST, ≥420 min/day) in individuals with and without DM (non-DM) were assessed. Among individuals with DM, LST was independently associated with excessive alcohol drinking (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02–1.74) and cardiovascular disease (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16–1.85). In individuals without DM, cancer (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06–1.44) and past smoking (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.35) were independently associated with LST. Obesity (DM: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05–1.54; non-DM: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11–1.37), insufficient aerobic exercise (DM: OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.30–1.84; non-DM: OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.37–1.63), current smoking (DM: OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11–2.05; non-DM: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05–1.45), and arthritis (DM: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04–1.56; non-DM: OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04–1.27) were consistently associated with LST regardless of DM status. To reduce sedentary behavior time, it is important to consider an individual’s diabetes status and adopt a personalized approach.
Native Renal Arteries Denervation as a Therapy of Refractory Hypertension in Patient after Heart and Kidney Transplantation—5 Years of Observation
Authors: Pilch Justyna , Mizera Jakub , Wiśnicki Krzysztof , Protasiewicz Marcin , Kurcz Jacek , Zmonarski Sławomir , Wawrzonkowski Patryk , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Kamińska Dorota , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Zakliczyński Michał , Krajewska Magdalena , Banasik Mirosław
Published: August 2023

This case report describes a 59-year-old male patient after heart and kidney transplantation, subsequently diagnosed with refractory hypertension since implemented antihypertensive pharmacotherapy consisting of six agents did not provide a substantial therapeutic response. Elevated blood pressure and its impact on a hypertrophied transplanted heart and impaired renal graft function have led to a significant deterioration in the patient’s cardiovascular risk profile. To address this issue, a native renal arteries denervation was performed. It resulted in a noteworthy decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressure values, thus manifesting a positive hypotensive effect. Furthermore, a sustainable reduction of left ventricular mass and stabilization in kidney graft function were noticed. The presented case provides evidence that renal denervation can be an efficacious complementary treatment method in individuals who received kidney and heart grafts as it leads to a decrease in cardiovascular risk.
Patients with Acute Limb Ischemia Might Benefit from Endovascular Therapy—A 17-Year Retrospective Single-Center Series of 985 Patients
Authors: Stoklasa Kerstin , Sieber Sabine , Naher Shamsun , Bohmann Bianca , Kuehnl Andreas , Stadlbauer Thomas , Wendorff Heiko , Biro Gabor , Kallmayer Michael A. , Knappich Christoph , Busch Albert , Eckstein Hans-Henning
Published: August 2023

Acute lower limb ischemia (ALI) is a common vascular emergency, requiring urgent revascularization by open or endovascular means. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate patient demographics, treatment and periprocedural variables affecting the outcome in ALI patients in a consecutive cohort in a tertiary referral center. Primary outcome events (POE) were 30-day (safety) and 180-day (efficacy) combined mortality and major amputation rates, respectively. Secondary outcomes were perioperative medical and surgical leg-related complications and the 5-year combined mortality and major amputation rate. Statistical analysis used descriptive and uni- and multivariable Cox regression analysis. In 985 patients (71 ± 9 years, 56% men) from 2004 to 2020, the 30-day and 180-day combined mortality and major amputation rates were 15% and 27%. Upon multivariable analysis, older age (30 d: aHR 1.17; 180 d: 1.27) and advanced Rutherford ischemia stage significantly worsened the safety and efficacy POE (30 d: TASC IIa aHR 3.29, TASC IIb aHR 3.93, TASC III aHR 7.79; 180 d: TASC IIa aHR 1.97, TASC IIb aHR 2.43, TASC III aHR 4.2), while endovascular treatment was associated with significant improved POE after 30 days (aHR 0.35) and 180 days (aHR 0.39), respectively. Looking at five consecutive patient quintiles, a significant increase in endovascular procedures especially in the last quintile could be observed (17.5% to 39.5%, p < 0.001). Simultaneously, the re-occlusion rate as well as the number of patients with any previous revascularization increased. In conclusion, despite a slightly increasing early re-occlusion rate, endovascular treatment might, if possible, be favorable in ALI treatment.
Machine Learning to Predict Apical Lesions: A Cross-Sectional and Model Development Study
Authors: Herbst Sascha Rudolf , Pitchika Vinay , Krois Joachim , Krasowski Aleksander , Schwendicke Falk
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: We aimed to identify factors associated with the presence of apical lesions (AL) in panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the predictive value of the identified factors. (2) Methodology: Panoramic radiographs from 1071 patients (age: 11–93 a, mean: 50.6 a ± 19.7 a) with 27,532 teeth were included. Each radiograph was independently assessed by five experienced dentists for AL. A range of shallow machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, adaptive and gradient boosting) were employed to identify factors at both the patient and tooth level associated with AL and to predict AL. (3) Results: AL were detected in 522 patients (48.7%) and 1133 teeth (4.1%), whereas males showed a significantly higher prevalence than females (52.5%/44.8%; p < 0.05). Logistic regression found that an existing root canal treatment was the most important risk factor (adjusted Odds Ratio 16.89; 95% CI: 13.98–20.41), followed by the tooth type ‘molar’ (2.54; 2.1–3.08) and the restoration with a crown (2.1; 1.67–2.63). Associations between factors and AL were stronger and accuracy higher when using fewer complex models like decision tree (F1 score: 0.9 (0.89–0.9)). (4) Conclusions: The presence of AL was higher in root-canal treated teeth, those with crowns and molars. More complex machine learning models did not outperform less-complex ones.
Two-Year Results of Injectable Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation in the Hip Joint: Significant Improvement in Clinical and Radiological Assessment
Authors: Riedl Moritz , Bretschneider Henriette , Dienst Michael , Günther Klaus-Peter , Landgraeber Stefan , Schröder Jörg , Trattnig Siegfried , Fickert Stefan
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Articular cartilage defects are a prevalent consequence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in young active patients. In accordance with current guidelines, large chondral lesions of the hip joint over 2 cm2 are recommended to be treated with matrix-associated, autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT); however, the conditions in the hip joint are challenging for membrane-based MACT options. Injectable MACT products can solve this problem. The purpose of the trial was to assess clinical and radiological outcomes 24 months after injectable MACT of focal chondral lesions caused by FAI. Methods: We present data of 21 patients with focal cartilage defects of the hip [3.0 ± 1.4 cm2 (mean ± SD)], ICRS Grade III and IV caused by CAM-type impingement, who underwent arthroscopic MACT (NOVOCART® Inject) and FAI correction. The outcome was evaluated with the patient-reported outcome instruments iHOT33 and EQ-5D-5L (index value and VAS), whilst graft morphology was assessed based on the MOCART score over a follow-up period of 24 months. Results: The iHOT33 score increased significantly from 52.9 ± 21.1 (mean ± SD) preoperatively to 85.8 ± 14.8 (mean ± SD; p < 0.0001) 24 months postoperatively. The EQ-5D-5L index value (p = 0.0004) and EQ-5D VAS (p = 0.0006) showed a statistically significant improvement as well. MRI evaluation after 24 months showed successful integration of the implant in all patients with a complete defect filling in 11 of 14 patients. Conclusions: Injectable MACT for the treatment of full-thickness chondral lesions of the hip joint due to FAI in combination with FAI correction improved symptoms, function, and quality of life in the treated cohort. Alongside the treatment of the underlying pathology by the FAI correction, the developed cartilage defect can be successfully repaired by MACT, which is of considerable clinical relevance.
Heavy Metal Content in Macroalgae as a Tool for Environmental Quality Assessment: The Eastern Gulf of Finland Case Study
Authors: Gubelit Yulia I. , Shigaeva Tatiana D. , Kudryavtseva Valentina A. , Berezina Nadezhda A.
Published: August 2023

Macroalgae are widely used for bioindication and assessment; however, in the case of pollutants of different origin, it is still unclear which contaminants in thalli can be regarded as indicative because too many factors influence the ability of algae to uptake them. The present study is a part of an international HAZLESS project and was conducted in the eastern Gulf of Finland (GoF). The main goal of our study was the application of metal concentrations in macroalgae as a tool for environmental quality assessment. To achieve this goal, we calculated the threshold metal concentrations in macroalgae (Cladophora glomerata) and compared our obtained values with actual concentrations. We found significant Spearman correlations in May between metals in sediments and pore water (−0.73 for Zn, −0.62 for Cd, 0.85 for Pb) and also between metals in algae and metals in pore water (1 for Cu and Cd, 0.98 for Zn and Pb). In July, Pb in algae were significantly correlated with Pb in pore water (0.88). The application of the calculated environmental quality standard (EQSMPC) for macroalgae has shown moderate pollution by Cu and Pb in the coastal zone of the eastern GoF. This was confirmed by an assessment based on the comparisons of metal concentrations in water with Environmental Quality Standards for water (EQSw). However, differences in the bioaccumulation factor and EQSMPC between May and July have shown that it is necessary to compare samples taken during the same period every year for adequate results in long-term monitoring. Considering the sensitivity of accumulating processes to the surrounding environment, we believe that in the case of habitats with diverse conditions, even for the same species of algae, threshold values should be calculated and used individually for every habitat. Our results have shown that this approach can be widely used for an assessment of environmental quality via metal concentrations in opportunistic macroalgae and can be recommended for further use.
Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Underwater Manipulators Using Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Liu Weidong , Xu Jingming , Li Le , Zhang Kang , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the precise control of the underwater manipulator has studied under the conditions of uncertain underwater dynamics and time-varying external interference. An improved adaptive model predictive control (MPC) method is proposed for a multiple-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) underwater manipulator. In this method, the Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm has been embedded into the precise trajectory tracking control of the underwater manipulator. The GPR algorithm has been used to predict the water resistance, additional mass, buoyancy and external interference in real time, and the control law has been calculated by the terminal constraint MPC to realize the adaptive internal and external interference compensation. In addition, a more accurate dynamic model of the underwater 6-DOF manipulator is established by combining Lagrange equation with Morrison formula. Finally, the effectiveness of the adaptive MPC using GPR method is verified by a series of comparative simulations.
Underwater Wireless Sensor Network-Based Localization Method under Mixed Line-of-Sight/Non-Line-of-Sight Conditions
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Yingmin , Chen Cheng , Liu Chenxi
Published: August 2023

Source localization in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) presents complex challenges due to sensor nodes drift caused by ocean currents, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation resulting from underwater multipath effects, and environmental noise. This paper proposes a practical and innovative algebraic solution based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) for source localization in shallow seas. The proposed solution effectively addresses the issues arising from sensor position errors and multipath effects by incorporating the sea-surface reflection non-line-of-sight (SNLOS) link and optimizing the algorithm, thereby significantly improving positioning accuracy. The core concept of the method involves utilizing the weighted least squares algorithm to obtain an initial estimate of the source position, followed by direct estimation of the bias and subsequent refinement of the solution. In contrast to traditional closed-form solutions, this method avoids the introduction of intermediate parameters and directly handles the estimated bias from the previous step. Even when only considering the line-of-sight (LOS) link, the proposed solution achieves precise localization with a minimal number of sensors. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the solution can achieve the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) accuracy under low noise conditions, and simulation results validate the superior performance of the proposed solution.
Spectrometric Characterization of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Aspergillus Series Versicolores
Authors: Jomat Océane , Géry Antoine , Leudet Astrid , Capitaine Agathe , Garon David , Bonhomme Julie
Published: August 2023

Aspergillus series Versicolores are molds distributed among 17 species, commonly found in our environment, and responsible for infections. Since 2022, a new taxonomy has grouped them into 4 major lineages: A. versicolor, A. subversicolor, A. sydowii, and A. creber. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) could be a faster and more cost-effective alternative to molecular techniques for identifying them by developing a local database. To evaluate this technique, 30 isolates from Aspergillus series Versicolores were used. A total of 59 main spectra profiles (MSPs) were created in the local database. This protocol enabled accurate identification of 100% of the extracted isolates, of which 97% (29/30) were correctly identified with a log score ≥ 2.00. Some MSPs recorded as Aspergillus versicolor in the supplier’s database could lead to false identifications as they did not match with the correct lineages. Although the local database is still limited in the number and diversity of species of Aspergillus series Versicolores, it is sufficiently effective for correct lineage identification according to the latest taxonomic revision, and better than the MALDI-TOF MS supplier’s database. This technology could improve the speed and accuracy of routine fungal identification for these species.
The Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Healing of Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina) Shells
Authors: Souza Ashley R. , Masterson Christopher , Harrison Tara M.
Published: August 2023

Photobiomodulation therapy (cold laser or low-level laser therapy) has been evaluated in human and small animal medicine; however, there is a lack of knowledge about the role photobiomodulation therapy could play in reptile rehabilitation and release. This study used a quantifiable unit, Hounsfield units (bone density measurement), in computed tomography (CT) to evaluate if photobiomodulation therapy showed a significant healing difference between groups treated with photobiomodulation and those that were not. This study included 20 eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) presented to a rehabilitation center that sustained shell fractures without penetrating the coelom. They all received similar medical treatments, except that the photobiomodulation group received 250 Hz of red light laser for three minutes three times a week for eight weeks. The turtles were evaluated over the course of two months of therapy. Computed tomography scans were performed prior to therapy, at the midpoint of treatment (one month postinjury), and at the end of the study (two months postinjury). The average Hounsfield units of the fractures were evaluated using nonparametric means, the Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis tests (ranked sums), and found that there were no significant differences in shell density between the photobiomodulation and control groups amongst the scans. This study did find that there was a significant difference (p = 0.0455) between the two groups in regard to the width of the fracture between pre- and post-treatment scans. This study found that the photobiomodulation group had a significantly decreased width of the fracture site between pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements, showing that photobiomodulation could be a relatively easy and effective treatment to promote healing of fractured turtle shells.
Noise Prediction Study of Traction Arc Tooth Cylindrical Gears for New Generation High-Speed Electric Multiple Units
Authors: Tang Zhaoping , Chen Zhenyan , Sun Jianping , Lu Menghui , Liu Hui
Published: August 2023

As the speed of the new generation of high-speed electric multiple units (EMU) increases, the requirements for vibration and noise reduction in traction gear trains are becoming higher and higher. Although most researchers have focused on the vibration mechanics analysis of gears, the actual noise has the most direct impact on passenger experience and safety. To address this problem, a new type of curved cylindrical gear is proposed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the gear pair and predict its radiated noise based on the acoustic-vibration coupling theory using the finite element-boundary element method. Parametric modeling of the gear pair using CREO and assembly motion analysis were performed. ANSYS was used to analyze the stress distribution, inherent frequency, and inherent vibration pattern of the gear pair, and harmonic response analysis was performed using the modal superposition method to solve the displacement frequency response curve and vibration characteristics. ACTRAN was used to construct the free-field model, create acoustic excitation based on the acoustic-vibration coupling equation, set the field points, and predict radiated noise. The research results show that the noise is mainly concentrated in the tooth meshing area, and the root mean square RMS range of its sound pressure level value is 91–100 dB. Its dynamic characteristics and noise values are in line with the traction requirements of high-speed EMU, providing a new idea for improving the noise prediction of traction gears for new generation high-speed EMU, which in turn strongly support the noise control of high-speed EMU stock and thus improve the passenger experience and driving environment.
Development of a Laboratory-Scale Test Methodology for Performance Evaluation of Lubricants for Hot Stamping of an Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Rodríguez Leal Bárbara , Decrozant-Triquenaux Justine , Hardell Jens , Pelcastre Leonardo
Published: August 2023

In hot stamping of aluminium, the need for efficient methods to evaluate, compare, and rank lubricants based on their tribological performance is critical in the early stages of selection. Pilot and simulative testing can be costly, time-consuming, and complex, making it inefficient for initial benchmarking. This work aims to develop a test methodology to assess lubricant performance for hot stamping under key operating conditions without fully simulating the forming process. The proposed method distinguishes the impact of temperature on lubricant degradation, friction, wear response, and cleanability. The tests utilised a conventional hot work tool steel and a 6010S aluminium alloy with two commercially available lubricants: a polymeric lubricant and a lubricant containing graphite. The tribological tests involved a reciprocating, sliding flat-on-flat configuration at two temperatures (100 °C and 300 °C). The methodology showed that the graphite-containing lubricant exhibited over a four times lower friction coefficient than the polymer-based lubricant at 10 wt.% concentration and 300 °C. At 100 °C, both lubricants provide lubrication and can be cleaned, but increasing temperature led to a significant decline of both aspects. The observed temperature range where the lubricants degrade was between 120 °C and 170 °C.
A New Look on the Profitability of Fixed and Indexed Mortgage Products
Authors: Huang Paoyu , Yang Chih-Te , Chen Yuhsin , Ni Yensen
Published: August 2023

This study presents a novel approach to analyzing the present value of total profit for fixed and indexed mortgage products in order to determine the optimal mortgage interest rate that would maximize the bank’s expected total profit based on applying the approach used in operations research to the field of finance. The study considers the impact of lending rate, demand, prepayment, and defaults on bank profits and emphasizes the trade-offs between potential gains and losses when setting the lending rate. As such, we not only used a fixed-rate mortgage model or an index mortgage model with the interest rate as the decision variable, but also employed mathematical analysis methods to find out the loan rate that maximizes the present value of the bank’s expected total profit. The findings revealed that an increase in interest rate, loan amount, and demand positively impacted the bank profits, while prepayment had an adverse effect. The study highlights the importance of carefully evaluating various factors that influence revenue in order to arrive at the most appropriate lending rate that will optimize profits. The results provide valuable insights into the optimal mortgage interest rate and the factors that determine the revenue and profits of a bank, with implications for cost–benefit analysis, fixed-rate mortgage, indexed mortgage, lending rate, defaults, and maximum profit. This study contributes to the existing literature on mortgage products. It provides practical implications for banks in managing their mortgage products efficiently in order to enhance their financial performance and recommends optimizing mortgage interest rates for maximum bank profits by taking the lending rate, demand, and prepayment effects into account.
Autonomous Trajectory Tracking and Collision Avoidance Design for Unmanned Surface Vessels: A Nonlinear Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Chen Yung-Yue , Ellis-Tiew Ming-Zhen
Published: August 2023

An intelligent fuzzy-based control system that consists of several subsystems—a fuzzy collision evaluator, a fuzzy collision avoidance acting timing indicator, a collision-free trajectory generator, and a nonlinear adaptive fuzzy robust control law—is proposed for the collision-free condition and trajectory tracking of unmanned surface vessels (USVs). For the purpose of ensuring that controlled USVs are capable of executing tasks in an actual ocean environment that is full of randomly encountered ships under collision-free conditions, the real-time decision making and the desired trajectory arrangements of this proposed control system were developed by following the “Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea” (COLREGs). From the simulation results, several promising properties were demonstrated: (1) robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties and ocean environmental disturbances, (2) a precise trajectory tracking ability, and (3) sailing collision avoidance was shown by this proposed system for controlled USVs.