bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban planning analysis of the city of Tulun
Authors: Bolshakov A G
Published: May 2021

In June 2019, an environmental and humanitarian disaster occurred in the city of Tulun in the Irkutsk region. The water in the Iya river, on which the city stands, rose 14 meters and flooded 1/3 of the city territory. These were floodplains and low floodplain terraces. More than 15 thd residents lost their homes. Tulun is a small depressive city. There is no work here, starting with “Perestroika”. However, there are natural resources on the basis of which the enterprises of Soviet history successfully developed. And in the current revival of the city’s economy, nature could also help. If cities are designed in accordance with it. After the flooding, a new master plan was developed. Its main provisions include: employment development, urban zoning, and the placement of new residential areas. The problem of the city’s planning framework has not yet been solved. Connections within the city are not well organized.
The future of design: trends and possible aspects
Authors: Dagdanova M B
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the main possible trends, aspects and ways of development of design in the future and humankind in general. Interdisciplinarity, rethinking the functions of the designer, and understanding the impact of design on the environment are becoming important aspects of the development of future design. An attempt is made to systematize the main trends in the development of design, depending on the interaction with material or virtual realities. It is noted that virtual/augmented reality is increasingly expanding and is gradually penetrating into many areas of life. The author considers different ways of development of the designer’s profession. Changes, complication and expansion of designer’s functions in connection with the development of artificial intelligence, robotics and neuroimplantation in the body are also reviewed in the article. It is suggested that in the near future, design, science and technology will find and expand ways to connect material and virtual/augmented reality.
Features of construction and architectural lines of ensemble of the Chikoysky Ioann Predtecha monastery of the XIX century in Transbaikal: to statement of a question of preservation of a monument
Authors: Drobotushenko E , Karasev S , Lantsova Y , Kamneva G
Published: May 2021

In article it is characterized features of construction and architectural features widely known in Transbaikal, but not gained big fame in the Russian Federation and beyond its limits of a monument of Orthodoxy – ruins of the Chikoysky Ioann Predtecha man’s monastery. Authors analyze the difficulties which arose at builders of monastery in connection with inaccessibility of a place of its arrangement, and also features of a relief. It is noted that the remains of structures of monastery have to receive the special status as object of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monument) of the people of the Russian Federation of regional or federal value. Also to it the special relation from Russian Orthodox Church is required.
Recreational zones of Sverdlovsky district in Irkutsk and the New Green Axis
Authors: Druzhinina I
Published: May 2021

The article studies recreational areas of Sverdlovsky district in Irkutsk, their location, potential and development prospects. It analyses the occurrence and formation of residential and recreational zones which are of significance for the land-use planning of the district. The article proposes solutions for the restoration of a partially broken green structure of the district, and for the improvement of the social and ecological potential of the territories in the process of modernization. The tendency towards increasing the housing density on the territory for private housing construction (Glazkovo) was the main reason for the identification of the vector of development for the recreational zones of the district. The article touches upon the possibility of formation of the New Green Axis initiated by architects in the last century.
Triumphal arch in Russia in the 18th-21th centuries: evolution of function and meaning
Authors: Ignateva O A , Esipov V V , Losj O K
Published: May 2021

The article characterizes the evolution of the function and meaning of the triumphal arch in Russia in the 18th-21th centuries. The most known examples of the triumphal arches built in Saint Petersburg, Moscow and other cities of Russia over the last three hundred years are analysed. The authors describe the various reasons for erecting these architectural structures as well as their style specifics and identify the relationship between the construction of the arches and the changes in the social ideals and political systems. The article draws an analogy between the triumphal arches in Russia and similar objects built in Western Europe throughout the indicated period.
Authors’ concepts, methods and techniques of architectural design in creating unique park spaces
Authors: Ivanova K G , Chernykh O I
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to study some aspects of design, in particular, to consider the application of authors’ methods and techniques, which resulted in the formation of unique spaces of popular park objects. The present study is based on photographic materials taken during field research, as well as literary and cartographic materials. The authors present some architectural tools that can be used in modern design under certain conditions (natural, climatic, cultural, economic) to create a comfortable urban recreational environment.
Construction of the Aleksandro-Nevsky Temple in Irkutsk, as aspect of spiritual safety of the region, through broadcast of historical memory in architectural forms
Authors: Karasev S , Kosolapova T , Kosolapov R
Published: May 2021

In article questions of continuity of architectural styles and continuation of traditions in approaches to construction of Temples in the territory of the Pribaykalsky Region of the Russian Federation on the example of the Temple to the Saint Blessed prince Alexander Nevsky in Irkutsk are considered. Need of preservation and transfer of universal values, traditions, historical events, myths and legends it became significant for people as for community, the nation, the people at the end of XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries. The decree of the president of the Russian Federation in 2009 accepted the document which is called «About Strategy of national security of the Russian Federation till 2020». The document mentions a number of aspects of life of society, including: confessional consent; investments into the human capital; preservation of cultural and spiritual heritage; spiritual safety, preservation of historical heritage, etc.
Geometric singularity of spatial shape of urbanized territories
Authors: Khokhrin E V , Smolkov S A
Published: May 2021

The article considers the theoretical foundations of the emergence of geometric singularity of the spatial form of urbanized territories in the context of translating the specific vocabulary of formation and the norms of cultural tradition. A comprehensive consideration of the problems of preserving and developing the historical appearance of the city, as well as the issues of solving the problems of forming a modern urban environment, forms the basis of the meaning and content of the article. The methodology for studying the phenomenon of geometric singularity of the spatial form of urbanized territories in the context of the historical environment of the center of the Siberian city is the basis of analysis and criticism as specific forms of activity and functioning of the urban community. The study is based on various types of ideas about the organization of the structure of external relations, understanding and designing the mechanisms for developing their own types of activities and urban environment, which ensures the normal development and regeneration of the architectural form. The main stages of the formation of urbanized territories are outlined. The problem of formation of the concept of singularity considering preservation and development of urban identity, as well as formation of modern urbanized environment is considered. The methodology for studying the mechanisms for forming unique units of the original image of the cultural and historical environment is based on the study of the geometric identity of spatial forms of co-organization of urban communities. The methods of geometric singularity of spatial form of urbanized territories considered by us in the context of translation of specific vocabulary of formation and norms of cultural traditions of historical environment of cultural and social center of the city allow carrying out described operations on various types of initial and operational data from deployment of whole spectrum of parameters to their comparative assessment and obtaining indicators of compliance of studied structure of composition with given standard. The results confirmed the existing theoretical provisions, thereby showing the effectiveness of the study.
Irkutsk architectural appearance changes in the 1960s-2010s
Authors: Uvarova O A , Uvarov G A
Published: May 2021

The article highlights the changes in the architectural appearance of Irkutsk during the post-Stalin times. The development of the historical city in the Soviet period proceeded in accordance with the needs of the Soviet system: industrial facilities and mass segment housing were built; residential neighborhoods with a set of social and domestic facilities were created. Sometimes there was a successful weaving of the new forms into the established ones. In some cases, innovations destroyed the historical view of the environment. The contribution of architects and statesmen to the development of the city has been considered. In the conditions of a market economy, multidirectional trends have been indicated. Thus, on the one hand, the integrity and originality of the city centre is spoiled and distorted through the infill development. On the other hand, the demand for creating a comfortable city environment is reflected in interesting forms of the cityscape: new squares, monuments, fountains, and other objects appear. The city symbols are being updated, an attempt to brand Irkutsk has been made. The regeneration of the city environment leads to the introduction of 130 Kvartal quarter, which is a successful attempt to create a new public space. There are also other attempts to make the architectural appearance of the city more modern and its image – memorable.
Features of monolithic house building
Authors: Gorbach P S , Shcherbin S A , Savenkov A I , Peshkov V V
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problems of monolithic house building in Russia. The version of design of cellular concrete compositions based on assessment of water-solid ratio (W/S) and determination of optimal content of plasticizers of the new generation is proposed. It has been found that in order to obtain heat-insulating cellular concrete, the range of W/S is in the range from 0.35 to 0.5, and the percentage of plasticizer is up to 0.5 of the weight of binder.
Features of construction of multi-storey buildings and structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete in various climatic conditions
Authors: Komarov A K
Published: May 2021

The construction of high-rise buildings with load-bearing structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete with the required quality is not an easy task. This applies mainly to the production of works in extreme temperature and humidity conditions. As the practice of construction using traditional technologies shows, the concrete of the erected floors does not reach the required strength. In winter, it is 85-90% of the project. In addition, on the upper floors where the concrete is in the hardening stage, its strength on average is even lower. Thus, high-rise buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete at the construction stage do not meet the requirements of stability and reliability to the perception of seismic loads. This situation is not taken into account at the design stage. In the normative design and design approaches, the condition for setting the grade strength of concrete is laid down. In fact, the real picture differs significantly from the estimated one. And it is necessary to study transient design situations. This means that when designing, you should consider options for different combinations of applied loads and the actual strength of the concrete structure of the floors. Modern construction technologies provide favorable conditions for concrete hardening. All of them are associated with a significant increase in production costs (electricity, materials, labor), construction time, and therefore the cost of building construction. The way out of this situation is a systematic linking of design issues and organizational and technological capabilities of construction production. Options for such solutions are discussed in the article.
Probabilistic assessment of the shear resistance of reinforced concrete elements under low-temperature impacts
Authors: Pinus B I
Published: May 2021

This study considers the issue of design support and required reliability of the strength of bent reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections for the period of operation corresponding to the time of exhaustion of the resource of frost resistance. A dynamic model of the change in the potential of internal resistance (coefficient of safety) is proposed, the time indicator of which is characterized by the relative (to the frost resistance grade) level of temperature and humidity impacts. Numerical experiments have established a significant difference in the kinetics of decreasing the strength indices of inclined sections and the likelihood of achieving their reliability. Employing probabilistic-statistical method with the use of experimental data, the necessary correction of the calculated parameters of concrete resistance for structures in severe operating conditions has been substantiated.
Concept of design assurance for operational reliability of reinforced concrete structures in severe conditions
Authors: Pinus B I
Published: May 2021

This work considers the concept of a systematic approach to the design assurance of equal reliability of structures under normal and severe operating conditions during their service life corresponding to the time of exhaustion of concrete frost resistance resource. It is proposed to analyze the reliability of structures in terms of the probability of a parametric failure, diagnosed as the achievement of the design and normative level by technical suitability indicators. The necessary (under conditions of equi-reliability!) correction of the initial values of concrete and reinforcement strength indicators is explained by dynamic models that take into account statistical patterns of their change during freezing-thawing cycles as well as the effect of reinforcement level. The time factor of the fatigue wear process is modeled by relative (to the design frost resistance) cycles, while the aggressiveness of external environment is modeled by an equi-consequential number of standard frost test cycles.
Reinforcement of mounting seams in constructive systems with without a crossbar framework
Authors: Shcherbin S A , Gorbach P S
Published: May 2021

The article considers the option of strengthening buildings with without a crossbar framework. To increase the strength and rigidity of the overlap, the use of adhesive fiberglass is proposed. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness and expediency of using such a method if it is necessary to strengthen the frames of buildings.
Determination of elasticity modulus of flexible reinforced PVC hoses material at temperature change based on experimental studies and finite element modeling
Authors: Alekseeenko V V , Yashchenko V P , Sukhanova K M , Shestakov A N
Published: May 2021

A description of laboratory unit and a finite-element mathematical model is given, the joint use of which makes it possible to carry out studies of the stress-strain state of flexible hoses based on plasticized PVC with spiral reinforcement made from rigid PVC. The results of laboratory tests and numerical modeling of PVC hoses during freezing and heating to various temperatures are presented. The result of the study is the determination of the modulus of elasticity of the PVC hose base material depending on temperature.
Characteristics of project management in the construction industry of the Russian Federation in modern economic conditions
Authors: Antipina O V , Velm M V
Published: May 2021

The construction industry is one of the key fund-forming industries, which determines the pace of economic development of countries, regions, and municipalities. The level of development of the construction industry determines the effectiveness of renewal of fixed assets and modernization of enterprises, solution of housing problems affecting each resident. The article analyzes factors limiting the activity of Russian construction companies in modern economic conditions. The role of project management in the construction industry is described. The basic principles of construction project management are analyzed. A comprehensive model of effective project management in the construction industry is offered. The main problems in the field of construction project management in modern economic conditions and the ways to overcome them are revealed.
An integrated approach to assessing the effectiveness of investment projects for the construction of industrial facilities under uncertainty
Authors: Gayfullina M M , Nizamova G Z , Musina D R , Gareeva Z A , Yu Tumanova A
Published: May 2021

The article proposes an approach to assessing the effectiveness of investment projects for the construction of industrial facilities under uncertainty and risk. An integral indicator of the investment project effectiveness is proposed.The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the economic effectiveness of investment projects for the construction of industrial facilities, which allows taking into account the conditions of uncertainty and risk. The object of the research is investment projects for the construction of industrial facilities of industrial enterprises.The subject of the research is methods and mechanisms for assessing the economic effectiveness of investment projects under uncertainty and risk. Research methodology - analytical, system, graphical methods, methods of detailing, analysis, comparison, grouping, and modeling were used. The main results and conclusions of the study: A scenario model is proposed for assessing the investment project effectiveness for the construction of industrial facilities based on probabilistic analysis, which allows choosing the most optimal one from several projects based on taking into account all possible scenarios for each project simultaneously and making a decision on the basis of their totality. An integral indicator of the investment project effectiveness has been developed that takes into account the significance of the investment project effectiveness criteria, as well as the probability of various scenarios, which allows a comprehensive and uniquely assessment of the investment project effectiveness based on probabilistic analysis.
Resource provision construction
Authors: Kolmakov A E , Leskinen M I , Bogatyrev K D
Published: May 2021

The term “resource curse” is usually used to refer to an economic situation where natural resources, which are abundant in some countries, prevent them from diversifying their economies. A country cannot change the structure of its economy by abandoning the extractive industries to the development of value-added products and services. In this article, the term “resource curse” refers to a specific type of economic outlook that is characterized by an absolutisation of the role of natural resources in creating national wealth. According to the authors, the bearers of this type of worldview account for a significant proportion of Russians in the economically active age group. The danger of such a worldview is that its bearers are not inclined to develop their abilities and improve their skills. This is hindered by the belief that there is little contribution to the national wealth (national income) of resources other than the Earth. This type of belief puts the country’s economic growth in jeopardy. The indirect danger of the “resource curse” is that its bearers are usually very radical in their political decisions.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative solutions in the construction of oil and gas wells
Authors: Kotelnikov N V , Urazova N G , Oparina T
Published: May 2021

This article contains an assessment of the effectiveness of innovative solutions in the construction of oil and gas wells. Despite the fact that the oil and gas industry is not knowledge-intensive, quite conservative in the implementation of innovations and gives a large share to the federal budget, it is designed to increase competitiveness and ensure sustainable development of the country’s economy. The introduction of innovative solutions is designed to increase the company’s revenues, reduce the cost of production, reduce operating costs, and increase the company’s competitiveness and image. They help to maintain existing market positions and conquer new market segments. Among the most promising technologies that are actively used in the construction of oil and gas wells, a special place is occupied by the use of “digital twins”, which are modern digital models of objects. Such a model most accurately reflects the real condition and performance of its physical prototype. No matter how precise, detailed and elaborate the actions will be at the design, modeling and production preparation stages, during operation, as a rule, the processes proceed a little differently, and the digital twin is able to be the main access tool to the necessary information about the actual operation of the facility.
Identification of development drivers of using “green” technologies in investment and construction projects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Peshkov A V
Published: May 2021

A high level of energy consumption per GDP unit is typical for the territories of the Russian Federation. Technical wear and tear and obsolescence of technological and energetic equipment, high energy losses in buildings and structures are the main reasons that caused a high level of energy intensity of GDP. Rapid population growth and competition for limited resources have further increased the need to design and construct buildings using sustainable construction technologies. These buildings must be able to maintain quality of life and ultimately ensure longterm human survival. The construction industry plays an important role in preserving the environment through the rational use of resources and assets that require the immediate massive implementation of the principles and methods of sustainable construction. One of the components of the principles of sustainable construction is the use of “green” technologies in construction projects, reconstruction, and overhaul of structures. The Russian Federation has a huge potential in reducing the negative impact of the construction industry on the environment and the social sphere. That is why it is very important to develop methodological foundations which are conducive to the successful development of the so-called “green” construction market in all regions of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the main constraints to the development of “green” technologies. This article is intended to identify obstacles to the implementation of the “green” construction from the general contractors’ point of view. The article identifies points of growth based on the identified problem areas. Growth points are needed to form further positive dynamics of construction volumes using “green” technologies. The identified development drivers will contribute to the expansion of demand and provide a multiplicative stimulating effect on related sectors of the investment and construction complex soon.
SmartEnergyCoating-use experience in structure of exterior wall
Authors: Pospelova I
Published: May 2021

A study of SmartEnergyCoating for building envelope structures in a harsh climate is presented. Installation of the layer with energy-absorbing elements in the composition of walls was researched. The feasibility of application of method for energy generation and support of a stable temperature regime for the building structures, pipelines and regulating elements has been proved temperature regime for the building structures, pipelines and regulating elements has been proved.
Optimization of concrete works technological process in the winter period
Authors: Ju Shelehov I , Dorofeeva N L , Shelehov M I , Dorofeev I A
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study was to optimize the technological process of works related to concreting in the winter period to ensure a high-quality overhaul process. Demonstrate by laboratory research the effect of using various methods of concreting on the quality of work performed. To study thermodynamic processes, a stand is used that monitors the temperature fields in the volume of the concrete mixture, as well as heating elements with a positive coefficient of thermal resistance. The distribution of temperature fields in the volume of concrete mixture was studied depending on applied methods of concreting. Studies have shown that in order to reduce the time of repair work in the winter period, it is necessary to heat up the base of structures, and apply additional heating for critical structures. The experiments have shown that the use of heating elements with a positive coefficient of resistance when carrying out concrete work in the winter period of time will provide a high-quality performance of repair and construction work.
Fullerene synthesis and modification of building materials with fullerenes C60 and C70
Authors: Smirnyagina N N , Tsyrenov B O , Urkhanova L A
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the study of plasma chemical synthesis fullerenes using composite electrodes and the results of thermodynamic modeling Portland cement hydration. Boron was used as the additive. Boron acts as a catalyst and increases the yield of higher fullerenes C70in plasma chemical synthesis. The carbon soot was used as a carbon nanomodifier. Carbon nanomodifier contains fullerenes C60and C70. Thermodynamic calculations make it possible to evaluate the contribution of the carbon nanomodifier to the hydration process of Portland cement. Using thermodynamic calculations, changes in the phase composition and general properties of the system (complete enthalpy, entropy) were determined when introducing a carbon nanomodifier.
Ideological influence in the building industry: Soviet experience (based on the data of post-war Siberia)
Authors: Vorontsov V N , Tetenkin A V , Tretyakov I D
Published: May 2021

The article examines the ideological influence (party leadership) in the building industry in the post-war period using the material of Siberia. The review reveals a characterization of the role of the Communist Party in the USSR. Further, the applied methodology is disclosed and the historiographic situation is characterized. Playing a leading role through the system of state and public organizations, the Communist Party in the USSR united and directed their efforts towards a common goal, acting by methods of organizational and ideological educational work. Party monopoly in the interpretation of economic processes as a rule was more important than production realities. A detailed study of the Soviet experience is necessary to preserve historical memory and learn lessons from the pages of our history. The relationship between political events and economic indicators is traced.
Features of civil proceedings on capital facilities
Authors: Zhuravlev E G
Published: May 2021

In civil proceedings, cases on classification of facilities into capital or non-capital ones are often heard. As a rule, in these cases, forensic construction and technical examinations are appointed by a judge. The main technical signs of capital facilities are an inextricable ground connection, available utilities, durability and reliability, movability, and demountable nature. The current Russian legislation needs to be amended and supplemented. It is necessary to define the concepts of strong ground connection and disproportionate damage to the purpose in order to correctly classify construction objects.
Specifics of wooden housing construction in Irkutsk
Authors: Rudykh L G
Published: May 2021

Irkutsk is the capital of Eastern Siberia and it can also be called the capital of wooden architecture. Many wooden buildings are of unique cultural and artistic value. Special originality and uniqueness of the city of Irkutsk gives the distinctive wooden architecture. The uniqueness and uniqueness of modern Irkutsk is that to this day it has preserved wooden houses that have come down to us almost unchanged. For a long time, different styles were used in the construction of wooden houses: baroque, classicism, modernism, art nouveau, eclecticism. An interesting fact is that the listed architectural styles in Irkutsk have never been used in their pure form, and samples of the decor of wooden buildings were interpreted by Irkutsk masters independently, which led to the birth of the original original architecture. Some of these technologies are still popular today, for example, decor technologies: relief ornament; slash; overhead; oriental decor. The art of building from wood in Irkutsk has its own specifics, taking into account the nature of the material and construction techniques. The expressiveness of wooden architecture is achieved by simple geometric shapes, natural wood texture, such as pine, larch, oak, fir and others. Construction techniques are determined by socio-economic and climatic conditions. In Siberia, there have long been two structural systems of buildings – log and frame, which are still used today.
Refinement and testing of the mathematical model of heat and moisture transfer in envelope structures of profiled insulated timber with connectors
Authors: Tsvetkov N A , Boldyryev S , Tolstykh A V , Tsvetkov D N , Doroshenko Ju N
Published: May 2021

The account of dependence of moisture conductivity coefficient, thermal conductivity coefficient and heat capacity on temperature and moisture is the main peculiarity of the new physico-mathematical model of combined heat and moisture transfer in walls of low-rise wooden insulated timber buildings. This study is aimed at refining and testing such model, including preliminary evaluation of influence of moisture transfer processes on moisture accumulation in insulated timber structures with connectors at low outside temperatures. The study provides approximation dependences that illustrate variation in thermal characteristics of wooden structures made of timber, plywood and insulation. The results of numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer processes occurring in a representative wall fragment made of high-strength profiled timber are given. Temperature and moisture fields are calculated in a selected inhomogeneous fragment. Maximum humidification in insulated profiled timber walls is located on the external surface of the wall. It is found that the use of additional internal longitudinal lamellae in timber with vertical connectors leads to significantly uneven moisture distribution. Based on the calculation results one may conclude that the wall fragment under study has no areas where free moisture can be possibly accumulated.
On the issue of digitalization of municipal services in the construction sector
Authors: Abramitov S A , Dneprovskaya M A
Published: May 2021

The authors of this research provide a brief analysis of the mechanisms for providing municipal services in the field of construction using remote and digital technologies, mechanisms for electronic interaction between state authorities and local government bodies. The authors note that the spread of providing municipal services in electronic form in the construction sector is associated with both the activities of municipal authorities and public authorities aimed at increasing the availability of these services, simplifying the procedures for interaction with bodies and organizations that provide these services. Conclusions are drawn about the need to improve legal regulation in the field of municipal services in the construction sector.
Software and hardware solution for monitoring and managing the efficiency of work of construction objects based on analysis of the use of working time
Authors: Danilov O F , Nikolaeva D R , Nikolenko T A , Nikitin I K
Published: May 2021

Today, even taking into account the rapid progress, one of the most important problems of any organization is the loss of income due to violations of labor discipline of employees. The solution to this problem can be the use of specialized software and hardware products designed to monitor and control the actions of personnel. The construction industry is the most lagging behind in the issue of automation of accounting for actually worked time due to the complexity and versatility of the processes taking place at the construction site. Failure to meet the construction deadline leads to the accrual of fines, reducing the income from the contract. In addition, objects that are not completed on time spoil the statistics of the construction organization and can reduce the likelihood of receiving a new order, and the absence The importance of the developed system lies in the fact that the information that this system will analyze will allow: discipline, calculate wages for the actual time worked and the amount of work performed, receive factual data on many problems and exceptional situations that arise during the implementation of projects.
Development of software product for processing of operating parameters of reverse osmosis systems for the purpose of mathematical determination of water chemistry management methods
Authors: Gudzenko A V , Petrova A N , Samarkina E V
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problems of enterprises using baromembrane water treatment technologies in technological processes. At present, the basic operational data required to monitor the operation of the equipment and to further analyze the efficiency of its use are collected manually, with the collected parameters recorded in the paper operational statements. To avoid the introduction of erroneous indicators and reduce the labor intensity of the process during manual data collection, it is proposed to develop and implement a software product that allows normalizing the parameters of the reverse osmosis installation by recalculating operational indicators taking into account correction factors. In addition, the developed software product allows you to build graphical dependencies of normalized performance, selectivity and pressure differences of reverse osmosis systems. In the future, the program code of the electronic program tracks critical deviations of the calculated normalized parameters and signals to the user the need for corrective actions. The article presents a study of the operation of the membrane plant for the life cycle of membrane elements (3 years). The results of the study of these processes with the help of the developed software product showed a high efficiency of identifying possible problems during the operation of reverse osmosis plants in the early stages, such as the formation of deposits and contaminants on membrane elements, which will significantly increase the service life of membrane elements in various industries.
Digitalization as the basis for the construction industry development
Authors: Kudryavtseva V A , Vasileva N V
Published: May 2021

Russia is entering a new technological order. The transfer to the digital technological format will raise the national economy to a new level in the innovative orientation of all companies. At the same time, the digital economy is based on digital transformations of all industries. The implementation of digital technologies into the construction industry is an irreversible process. The digitization can radically transform the construction industry and create new opportunities for its development. Digital construction is based on the use of information and communication technologies for more efficient and high-quality execution of construction and installation works and management of capital construction facilities. Many new information technologies offer numerous opportunities for construction companies. However, to consolidate the position of a single digital space in the construction industry, it is necessary to develop new approaches to the interaction of all participants in the investment and construction activities.
A three-mass viscoelastic plastic model used for studying mechanics and dynamics of shock interaction of solid bodies in determining the mechanical characteristics of building materials
Authors: Lapshin V L , Zenkov E V , Yashenko V P
Published: May 2021

Shock and vibration processes play an important role in engineering. Therefore, the study of mechanics and dynamics of the impact interaction of bodies by modeling these processes is an urgent task. To study dynamic processes, a mechanorheological three-mass viscoelastic plastic model was developed. Differential equations for various stages of motion were obtained. The conditions of transformation during the transition from elastic to plastic deformations, from the loading stage to the unloading one under the impact interaction with the surface were described. The functioning method was studied; the results of experimental studies were presented.
Research of frost resistance of heavy polymer concrete modified by silica fume
Authors: Balabanov V B , Putsenko K N , Epritskaya N K
Published: May 2021

Concrete is one of the most common construction materials. Strength and frost resistance are the main and most important properties of concrete. Frost resistance of concrete is very important for buildings and constructions erected in Russia, since many regions are characterized by harsh climate conditions. These climatic conditions include: low temperatures, fluctuations of both temperatures and humidity. As a result, concrete saturates with water, and after repeated alternating freezing and thawing, concrete may start damage. The idea of my scientific investigation is to develop a new technology of manufacture of the concrete possessing improved technical and operational characteristics, first of all, frost resistance. Within the frames of the present investigation, we studied the available experience of applying silica fume and polymers in concretes in the capacity of modifying additives used to elevate frost resistance. An optimal ratio of the additives was found, and the optimum composition of polymer concrete modified with silica fume was developed. Investigations bound up with determination of the principal physical and mechanical properties have been conducted.
Hydrogen technologies in the energy supply system of the housing and communal sector
Authors: Baldukhaeva I I , Baldynova A A , Erbaeva L L , Zudaeva V V
Published: May 2021

The energy supply system used in the housing and communal sector is a crucial element of the construction industry. The energy efficiency of buildings can be improved by using hydrogen technologies, such as fuel cells, hydrogen gas turbines, innovative hydrogen storage and distribution systems, etc. The use of these elements for the energy supply systems will require special safety measures and space-planning solutions. However, along with the generation of energy from renewable energy sources, this will decarbonize the housing and communal sector.
Water absorption of cellular concretes made on the basis of technogenic raw materials
Authors: Baranova A , Chernykh V
Published: May 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of water absorption of non-autoclaved foam concretes based on microsilica and autoclaved aerated concretes based on fly ash. It is experimentally established that the water absorption by mass of foam concrete the grade D500 is 19.6 % higher than that of aerated concrete of the same grade. Open porosity, which is numerically equal to water absorption by volume, is also higher for non-autoclaved foam concrete by 30.1 %. Closed porosity for autoclaved aerated concretes based on fly ash the grade D500 is 53.9 % higher compared to non-autoclaved foam concrete of the same grade. The dependences of open and closed porosity of cellular concretes based on technogenic raw materials on their average density are experimentally derived. In the course of research, it was determined that water absorption, open and closed porosity of cellular concretes at the same average density depends on the type of aggregate and on the hardening conditions.
Transportation of wastewater over long distances in the central ecological zone of lake Baikal
Authors: Chupin R V , Moroz M V , Melekhov E S
Published: May 2021

Almost 150 thousand people live in the central ecological zone of Lake Baikal. However, there are no sewage treatment facilities that would meet the requirements for the discharge of treated effluents into Lake Baikal. The analysis has shown that there are no existing wastewater treatment technologies as applied to Lake Baikal. The work proposes to transfer treated wastewater to other watersheds. For these purposes, we have developed a methodology and methods for optimizing the parameters of pressure-gravity systems for the transportation of wastewater. For this, we have developed a general concept of wastewater disposal from the territory of the central ecological zone of Lake Baikal to other watersheds. We have given the examples and shown the economic efficiency of the proposed methods and programs.
Prospects for the use of ash-alkali binders in the production of building materials by the method of semi-dry pressing
Authors: Makarenko S V , Lozovsky B M , Khokhryakov O V , Khozin V G , Borovskikh I V
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the influence of a number of factors on the properties of ash-alkaline binders, the values obtained during testing of physical and mechanical parameters of ash-alkaline binders such as density, softening coefficient and strength are given. A complete factorial experiment was conducted to determine the optimal composition of the ash-alkali binder and determine the influence of the main factors on its strength. Based on the data of x-ray diffraction analysis, a conclusion is made about the phase composition of the artificially synthesized stone.
Biostability of composite material based on wood waste processing industry
Authors: Selezneva O , Orlov V , Shustov P
Published: May 2021

The actual task of the construction industry is to increase the durability of building materials. The use of wood and materials based on waste from the woodworking industry puts forward requirements for increasing biostability and fireproof properties. The article presents wood composite materials based on opal rocks on unfired and fired diatomite with the use of water glass in the form of a binder, sawdust and chips in the form of filler. The biostability of both types of composite has been studied. Studies of the qualitative phase composition were carried out using X-ray phase analysis. The dependence of the biostability of the composite material on the content of the filler has been established. The possibility of using liquid glass in the form of a binder to protect the aggregate from biological damage to wood in composite materials based on opal rocks has been proven.
Wollastonite-based asphalt concrete
Authors: Shishelova T I , Fedchishin V V , Khramovskih M A
Published: May 2021

Developing an asphalt concrete composition with improved physical, mechanical and operational characteristics is an urgent issue all over the world. To improve the asphalt mix proportion, reinforcing components are added to its composition. An advanced reinforcing filler is wollastonite. The research aim: to study the possibility of utilizing wollastonite concentrate instead of traditional limestone fillers in the asphalt mix proportion and to determine its effect on the durability of the road surface. The objects of the study are some samples of asphalt concrete with a different quantitative ratio of wollastonite fillers and various types of crushed aggregate. Research methods: in accordance with standard techniques, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples were determined. Research results: the optimum amount of wollastonite concentrate for the asphalt concrete composition was found; the improvement of physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete due to the applying of wollastonite concentrate was acknowledged; the optimum roadway surfacing that consists of several layers was developed.
Traffic intensity calculation criteria for freight vehicles
Authors: Volkova E V , Stepanenko A A
Published: May 2021

To choose the road pavement, it is necessary to determine the traffic intensity and composition of the traffic flow on highways. The existing methods are used depending on the number of axles or carrying capacity of trucks. The purpose of this study is to compare the methods for determining the traffic intensity of vehicles and analyze the values of the minimum total modulus of elasticity. The article presents the results of calculation of the modulus of elasticity based on the traffic flow, the number of axles and carrying capacity of the vehicle. As part of the analysis, tables were compiled, the total estimated number of applications of the design load to a surface point was determined, and the minimum total modulus of elasticity of the road structure was calculated. The result of the research is recommendations for choosing a method for recording traffic intensity depending on the road category and traffic flow composition.
Analysis of the effect of the estimated temperature difference on the cost of the heating system of an individual residential building
Authors: Zateeva A V , Kuzmin S I
Published: May 2021

This paper assesses the impact of the temperature potential of the coolant on the expected cost-effectiveness of autonomous heating systems for an individual residential building. The analysis is based on a system of equations that characterize the dependence of the economic criterion - specific costs from the consumption of the heat carrier and the size of the equipment of the water heating system - pipes, heating devices, water boilers, circulating pumps, fittings for facilities located in different climatic zones, taking into account the existing regulatory recommendations on the level of thermal protection of buildings with different volume and planning indicators.
The method of assessing the effectiveness of air-water heat pumps for heating individual buildings
Authors: Zelenina A A , Kuzmin S I
Published: May 2021

This paper provides a justification for the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of air-water heat pumps in the heating systems of individual residential buildings in conjunction with the water boiler. The criterion for the cost-effectiveness of the heating system with a combined heat source is the relative cost of equipment and operation of the system, given to the duration of the heating period. Cost components are presented in the form of a system of equations reflecting the dependence of the price parameters of heating system equipment on thermal characteristics. The proposed method of assessing the benefits of renewable energy is applicable to different climatic areas.