bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caveolin-1 genotypes as predictor for locoregional recurrence and contralateral disease in breast cancer
Authors: Godina Christopher , Tryggvadottir Helga , Bosch Ana , Borgquist Signe , Belting Mattias , Isaksson Karolin , Jernström Helena
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been implicated in breast cancer oncogenesis and metastasis and may be a potential prognosticator, especially for non-distant events. CAV1 functions as a master regulator of membrane transport and cell signaling. Several CAV1 SNPs have been linked to multiple cancers, but the prognostic impact of CAV1 SNPs in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated CAV1 polymorphisms in relation to clinical outcomes in breast cancer.

Methods

A cohort of 1017 breast cancer patients (inclusion 2002–2012, Sweden) were genotyped using Oncoarray by Ilumina. Patients were followed for up to 15 years. Five out of six CAV1 SNPs (rs10256914, rs959173, rs3807989, rs3815412, and rs8713) passed quality control and were used for haplotype construction. CAV1 genotypes and haplotypes in relation to clinical outcomes were assessed with Cox regression and adjusted for potential confounders (age, tumor characteristics, and adjuvant treatments).

Results

Only one SNP was associated with lymph node status, no other SNPs or haplotypes were associated with tumor characteristics. The CAV1 rs3815412 CC genotype (5.8% of patients) was associated with increased risk of contralateral breast cancer, adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj) 4.26 (95% CI 1.86–9.73). Moreover, the TTACA haplotype (13% of patients) conferred an increased risk for locoregional recurrence HRadj 2.24 (95% CI 1.24–4.04). No other genotypes or haplotypes were associated with clinical outcome.

Conclusion

CAV1 polymorphisms were associated with increased risk for locoregional recurrence and contralateral breast cancer. These findings may identify patients that could derive benefit from more tailored treatment to prevent non-distant events, if confirmed.
HER-2 low status in early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: associated factors and outcomes in an institutional series
Authors: Rothschild Harriet T. , Clelland Elle , Patterson Anne , Molina-Vega Julissa , Kaur Mandeep , Symmans W. Fraser , Schwartz Christopher J. , Chien A. Jo , Mukhtar Rita A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

HER2 overexpression has a central role in breast cancer carcinogenesis and is associated with poor prognosis if untreated. Lately, identification of HER2-low breast cancer has been proposed to select patients for novel HER2-directed chemotherapy and includes cancers with immunohistochemistry 1 + or 2 + with negative FISH, encompassing approximately 55–60% of all breast carcinomas. In early-stage breast cancer, the prognostic significance of HER2 low-disease is less well understood, with a particular paucity of data evaluating the prevalence and implications of HER2-low status in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).

Methods

We evaluated 666 stage I-III ILC tumors from a prospectively maintained institutional database, comparing clinicopathologic features and disease-free survival (DFS) using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

HER2-low status was common in this cohort of patients with ILC, but most clinicopathologic features did not differ between HER2-low and HER2-negative cases. However, when adjusting for tumor size, number of positive nodes, ER/PR status, and local therapy received, patients with HER2-low status had worse disease-free survival (DFS) than those with HER2-negative tumors (hazard ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.0–4.1, p = 0.05).

Conclusion

This difference in DFS supports the notion that HER2-low and HER2-negative early stage ILC may differ clinically, despite similar clinicopathologic features. Further investigation into the potential benefit of HER2 targeted therapy in HER2-low early-stage breast cancer, and specifically lobular cancer, is warranted to ensure optimal outcomes in this distinct tumor subtype.
Development and characterization of silane crosslinked cellulose/graphene oxide conductive hydrophobic membrane
Authors: Tan Xiaodong , Jiang Yingze , Peng Qingyan , Subrova Tereza , Saskova Jana , Wiener Jakub , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Militky Jiri , Kejzlar Pavel , Mahendran Arunjunai Raj , Lammer Herfried , Xiong Wei
Published: April 2023

The development of environmentally friendly, multifunctional conductive membranes is an ideal candidate for future new electronic components. Some cellulose-based electronic sensors have been studied, such as pressure sensors, hydrothermal sensors, flexible sensors, optoelectronic devices, and electrochemical energy storage, etc. However, there are very few studies on cellulose-based conductive materials in Joule heating. In this study, we adopted a simple and environmentally friendly silane crosslinking method to crosslink cellulose and graphene oxide (GO) together. The cellulose/GO hybrid membrane were characterized by FTIR, Raman, SEM, AFM, TGA, surface wettability, self-cleaning, surface resistance, Joule heating and other tests. Results showed that the covalent bond between cellulose and GO was formed by vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), and GO was successfully cross-linked on the surface of the cellulose membrane. The cellulose/GO hybrid membrane has good thermal stability, strong hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties. When the GO concentration was 3 w/w%, the Young's modulus of the film reached the maximum (47.38% higher than that of the original sample). In addition, it also exhibited extremely low surface resistivity (720.69 Ω), controllable Joule heating capability, extremely fast thermal response (heating process and cooling process within 5 s) and good electrothermal stability. It showed great potential in multi-functional electronic products such as electric heating electronic devices, electric heating sensors, and smart clothing in the future.
Magic mirror on the wall: Cross-buying at the point of sale
Authors: Schultz Carsten D. , Gorlas Björn
Published: April 2023

Stationary retailers may introduce new technologies, such as augmented reality, to provide product information and recommendations and thus improve shopping experience. Examples of such augmented reality applications are magic mirrors that enable virtual try-on and may induce cross-buying intention. Based on an experimental scenario and the corresponding results from 301 questionnaires, we find that magic mirrors positively impact consumers’ cross-buying intention. Cross-buying behavior depends particularly on price attractiveness and the aesthetic appeal of the products. Further, men place less emphasis on price attractiveness when considering cross-buying options than women. Whereas magic mirrors reduce the relationship between perceived product benefits and cross-buying behavior, the technology increases the positive effect of perceived convenience on consumers’ buying behavior. Magic mirrors, thus, improve convenience but hinder the perception of product benefits – these are better communicated by sales assistants. Magic mirrors may only partly replace sales staff, but retailers can combine both to serve consumers better.
Dhaka city water logging hazards: area identification and vulnerability assessment through GIS-remote sensing techniques
Authors: Alam Rafiul , Quayyum Zahidul , Moulds Simon , Radia Marzuka Ahmad , Sara Hasna Hena , Hasan Md Tanvir , Butler Adrian
Published: April 2023

Water logging is one of the most detrimental phenomena continuing to burden Dhaka dwellers. This study aims to spatio-temporarily identify the water logging hazard zones within Dhaka Metropolitan area and assess the extent of their water logging susceptibility based on informal settlements, built-up areas, and demographical characteristics. The study utilizes integrated geographic information system (GIS)-remote sensing (RS) methods, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Water and Moisture Index, distance buffer zone from drainage streams, and built-up distributions to identify waterlogged zones with a temporal extent, incorporating social and infrastructural attributes to evaluate water logging effects. These indicators were integrated into an overlay GIS method to measure the vulnerability level across Dhaka city areas. The findings reveal that south and south-western parts of Dhaka were more susceptible to water logging hazards. Almost 35% of Dhaka belongs to the high/very highly vulnerable zone. Greater number of slum households were found within high to very high water logging vulnerable zones and approximately 70% of them are poorly structured. The built-up areas were observed to be increased toward the northern part of Dhaka and were exposed to severe water logging issues. The overall findings reveal the spatio-temporal distribution of the water logging vulnerabilities across the city as well as its impact on the social indicators. An integrated approach is necessary for future development plans to mitigate the risk of water logging.
Hopf bifurcation for a fractional van der Pol oscillator and applications to aerodynamics: implications in flutter
Authors: Juárez Gerardo , Ramírez-Trocherie Marcel-André , Báez Ángel , Lobato Alan , Iglesias-Rodríguez Ernesto , Padilla Pablo , Rodríguez-Ramos Reinaldo
Published: April 2023

Flutter is an important instability in aeroelasticity. In this work,we derive a model for this phenomenon which naturally leads to an equation similar to a van der Pol oscillator in which the friction term is given by a fractional derivative. Motivated by these considerations,we study a fractional van der Pol oscillator and show that it exhibits a Hopf bifurcation. The model is based on a one-dimensional reduction where the instabilities associated with flutter are preserved. However, due to the fractional derivative, the bifurcation analysis differs from the standard case. We present both analytical and numerical results and discuss the implications to aerodynamics. Additionally, we contrast our qualitative results with experimental data.
Why Physics Does Not Inform the Human Condition, But Its Boundaries Do
Authors: Atmanspacher Harald
Published: April 2023

The science of physics has been extremely successful over the last four centuries, mainly for one reason: It does everything it can to disregard anything that has to do with non-physical parts of reality. Although the human body is a physical body, large parts of what distinguishes human beings, sometimes briefly called the human condition, does not belong to the physical domain. This implies that physics (and other sciences of the material universe) offers nothing more than self-imposed helplessness when it comes to questions as to what it means to be human. Yet it is possible to scrutinize the way in which physics (and other sciences) is delineated from the rest of reality: to reconsider its boundaries as they were set about four centuries ago. In other words, it is possible to look for features within the physical that are related to something outside the physical which physics itself ignores. The key concept to do so is proposed to be meaning, in its two variants of reference and sense. Meaning provides a viable perspective to illuminate the deep structure of reality as it extends beyond physics and across its boundaries.
Preimplantation genetic testing for hereditary hearing loss in Chinese population
Authors: Bi Qingling , Huang Shasha , Wang Hui , Gao Xue , Ma Minyue , Han Mingyu , Lu Sijia , Kang Dongyang , Nourbakhsh Aida , Yan Denise , Blanton Susan , Liu Xuezhong , Yuan Yongyi , Yao Yuanqing , Dai Pu
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical validity of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to prevent hereditary hearing loss (HL) in Chinese population.

Methods

A PGT procedure combining multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linkage analyses with a single low-depth next-generation sequencing run was implemented. Forty-three couples carried pathogenic variants in autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL genes, GJB2 and SLC26A4, and four couples carried pathogenic variants in rare HL genes: KCNQ4, PTPN11, PAX3, and USH2A were enrolled.

Results

Fifty-four in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles were implemented, 340 blastocysts were cultured, and 303 (89.1%) of these received a definite diagnosis of a disease-causing variant testing, linkage analysis and chromosome screening. A clinical pregnancy of 38 implanted was achieved, and 34 babies were born with normal hearing. The live birth rate was 61.1%.

Conclusions and relevance

In both the HL population and in hearing individuals at risk of giving birth to offspring with HL in China, there is a practical need for PGT. The whole genome amplification combined with NGS can simplify the PGT process, and the efficiency of PGT process can be improved by establishing a universal SNP bank of common disease-causing gene in particular regions and nationalities. This PGT procedure was demonstrated to be effective and lead to satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Thermal stability of ammonium nitrate systems containing d-metal nitrate salts under limited mass transfer conditions
Authors: Kaniewski Maciej , Biegun Marcin , Hoffmann Józef
Published: April 2023

The influence of cobalt, copper, iron(III), manganese and zinc nitrate salts on phase transitions and thermal stability of ammonium nitrate (AN) has been studied and discussed. Differential thermal analysis/differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry were used to evaluate the stability of analyzed systems. Each nitrate salt was appropriately mixed with ammonium nitrate to create samples with AN:salt mass ratios of 4:1, 9:1 and 49:1. It was concluded that the addition of every studied nitrate influenced phase transitions of AN. Most analyzed salts decreased the stability of AN by accelerating its exothermic decomposition process. Iron and cobalt nitrates were defined as the most hazardous additives, resulting in a creation of a highly destabilized mixture. Copper and manganese nitrates were also defined as catalysts of the AN decomposition process, lowering the initial decomposition temperature and increasing the rate of the observed process. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate was the only salt considered to be relatively neutral in such systems, especially in small amounts. The study allowed to define the influence of selected metal nitrate salts on the thermal stability of AN under conditions that are considered as potentially unsafe for such systems.
How much can farmers pay for weeding robots? A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Shang Linmei , Pahmeyer Christoph , Heckelei Thomas , Rasch Sebastian , Storm Hugo
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the Maximum Acquisition Values (MAVs) of weeding robots and their determinants in both organic and conventional sugar beet farming in Germany. The MAV is defined in this paper as the price of the weeding robot that renders the same net profit as the current weeding methods. For our analysis, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is used, combined with empirical data and data collected from weeding robot companies. The results show that the MAVs of mechanical weeding robots for organic farming are substantially higher than that of spot spraying robots for conventional farming. Technology attributes are more influential than labour cost in determining the MAVs of weeding robots: in organic farming, technology attributes such as area capacity and weeding efficiency impact the MAVs of mechanical weeding robots the most; in conventional farming, supervision intensity and the robot’s ability to save herbicides are the most influential factors. The wage rate of unskilled labour, relevant for manual weeding, plays a more important role in determining the MAVs than that of skilled labour, relevant for supervision of the robot. This implies that a shortage of seasonal workers and hence increases in the wage of low-skilled labour could be important drivers of the adoption of mechanical weeding robots. Plot characteristics such as plot size and mechanisation level only have limited impacts on the MAVs.
Estimating tax noncompliance among the self-employed—evidence from pleasure boat registers
Authors: Engström Per , Hagen Johannes , Johansson Edvard
Published: April 2023

We improve upon the Pissarides-Weber method for estimating tax evasion among the self-employed by utilizing unique register-based consumption measures from the Swedish and Finnish mandatory registers for pleasure boats. This allows for more detailed and statistically powered analyses than survey-based applications. Our results indicate overall levels of hidden incomes that are in line with previous studies. However, the functional form analysis shows that the estimated sizes of underreporting in absolute monetary amounts are almost constant over reported income levels, whereas previous studies have assumed that the underreporting is proportional to income. The results from the preference analysis—in which we compare households that will become self-employed in the near future with households that will remain wage earners—are mixed; the two types of households have insignificant (Finland) or economically small (Sweden) preference differences. However, when we use engine power as a price proxy, the preference differences are larger in both countries.
Aspects of Practical Bindingness in Kant: Introduction
Authors: Gläser Micha , Baiasu Sorin
Published: April 2023

One of the few points of consensus in the Kantian literature is that Kant’s Moral Law is binding universally and unconditionally. Hence, the Moral Law is binding for all human agents (universally) irrespective of the agents’ particular interests (unconditionally). Whether or not we intend to act on the Moral Law, this is the law we ought to follow. Beyond this point of consensus, however, even the most important details are matters of controversy. What exactly does the Moral Law require of us? What, if anything, grounds its bindingness? In particular, does Kant argue that the Moral Law is binding because it is ‘self-legislated’? What is the relation between the Moral Law (supreme principle of morality) and substantive moral laws such as the law that we ought to promote the happiness of others? What does Kant mean by his claim that the will has autonomy? In the four articles discussed in this special issue, Kleingeld proposes novel answers to these questions. This introduction presents the articles and brings to the fore the larger theme tying them all together.
Weibliche Jugendliche und Heranwachsende im Justiz- und im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Berthold Dörte , Bezzel Adelheid , Stübner Susanne
Published: April 2023

Die geringen Anzahlen von jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Delinquentinnen erlauben es in wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen kaum, verallgemeinerbare Schlüsse zu ziehen, was möglicherweise ein Grund dafür ist, dass diese Klientel von der quantitativen kriminologischen und klinisch-forensischen Forschung nur gelegentlich beachtet wird.

Während durch die gesetzlich verankerte wissenschaftliche Begleitung des Strafvollzugs durch die kriminologischen Dienste der Länder zumindest einzelne Forschungsarbeiten zu Soziobiografien, Haftsituationen sowie Problemlagen und Behandlungsbedürfnissen weiblicher Jugendstrafgefangener vorliegen, wurden zu jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Patientinnen, die nach § 63 StGB oder § 64 StGB im Maßregelvollzug untergebracht sind, bislang nahezu keine Daten publiziert.

Um einen Beitrag zu einer Wissensbasis in diesem Bereich zu leisten, wird im vorliegenden Artikel neben einem Überblick über die Delinquenzbelastung von Personen weiblichen Geschlechts im Alter von unter 21 Jahren und der exemplarischen Vorstellung von empirischen Arbeiten aus dem Bereich des Jugendarrests und Jugendstrafvollzugs erstmals eine Beschreibung von jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Patientinnen in bundesdeutschen Kliniken für forensische Psychiatrie gegeben. Ausweislich der vorliegenden juristischen und medizinischen Daten darf nach gegenwärtigem Kenntnisstand angenommen werden, dass sich bei Patientinnen im Alter unter 21 Jahren, die im Maßregelvollzug gemäß § 64 StGB untergebracht sind, hinsichtlich der forensischen Hintergründe und der Behandlungsverläufe teilweise ähnliche Muster zeigen wie bei der Gesamtpopulation der untergebrachten Personen in Entziehungsanstalten. Des Weiteren ist der im Erwachsenenmaßregelvollzug feststellbare kontinuierliche Anstieg von Anordnungen der Maßregel gemäß § 64 StGB auch bei jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Delinquentinnen zu erkennen.
Does body mass index influence surgical options and overall survival in breast cancer patients?
Authors: Luís Carla , Fernandes Rute , Dias João , Pereira Deolinda , Machado Firmino , Baylina Pilar , Fernandes Rúben , Soares Raquel
Published: April 2023

Obesity is a relevant risk factor in breast cancer (BC), but little is known about the effects of overweight and obesity in surgical outcomes of BC patients. The aim of this study is to analyse surgical options and associated overall survival (OS) in overweight and obese women with BC. In this study, 2143 women diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) were included, and the clinicopathological information was retrieved from the institutional database. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI). Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi-squared test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Multinomial, binary logistic regression and cox proportional-hazards model were also performed to calculate odd ratios and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for adjusted and non-adjusted models. The results revealed no statistical difference in histological type, topographic localization, tumour stage and receptor status and in the number of surgical interventions. Overweight women have increased probability to be subjected to sentinel node biopsy. Obese and overweight women are more likely to be submitted to conservative surgery and contrariwise, less likely to undergo total mastectomy. Patients submitted to conservative surgery and not submitted to total mastectomy had a favourable OS although without statistical significance. No significant differences were observed in OS when stratified by BMI. Our results revealed significant variations regarding the surgical options in overweight and obese patients, but these were not translated in OS difference. More research is recommended to better address treatment options in overweight and obese BC patients.
Consensus Recommendations for Clinical Outcome Assessments and Registry Development in Ataxias: Ataxia Global Initiative (AGI) Working Group Expert Guidance
Authors: Klockgether Thomas , Synofzik Matthis ,   AGI working group on COAs and Registries, Alhusaini Saud , Anheim Mathieu , Antonijevic Irina , Ashizawa Tee , Bataller Luis , Berard Mélanie , Bertini Enrico , Boesch Sylvia , Braga-Neto Pedro , Cassou Emanuel , Chan Edwin , Chuang Rosalind , Collins Abbie , Damásio Joana , Donis Karina , Duquette Antoine , Durães João , Durr Alexandra , Evans Rebecca , Faber Jennifer , Farmer Jennifer , Gennarino Vincenzo , Graessner Holm , Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Hanagasie Hasmet , Heidari Morteza , Houlden Henry , Indelicato Elisabetta , Ishikawa Kinya , Jacobi Heike , Jardim Laura , Kisanuki Yaz , Kopishinskaia Svetlana , L´Italien Gilbert , Maas Roderick , Mancuso Michelangelo , Mariotti Caterina , Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Nemeth Andrea , Ng Yi Shiau , Obieglo Katja , Onodera Osamu , Opal Puneet , de Almeida Luis Pereira , Perlman Susan , Primiano Guido , Renaud Mathilde , Rosenthal Liana , Saccà Francesco , Sattar Zahid , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Schöls Ludger , Schüle Rebecca , Seeberger Lauren , Silvestri Gabriella , Sobanska Anna , Soong Bin-Weng , Srivastava Achal Kumar , Stoyas Colleen , du Montcel Sophie Tezenas , Thieme Andreas , Timmann Dagmar , Tocoian Adina , Traschütz Andreas , van de Warrenburg Bart , Ziegler Wolfram
Published: April 2023

To accelerate and facilitate clinical trials, the Ataxia Global Initiative (AGI) was established as a worldwide research platform for trial readiness in ataxias. One of AGI’s major goals is the harmonization and standardization of outcome assessments. Clinical outcome assessments (COAs) that describe or reflect how a patient feels or functions are indispensable for clinical trials, but similarly important for observational studies and in routine patient care. The AGI working group on COAs has defined a set of data including a graded catalog of COAs that are recommended as a standard for future assessment and sharing of clinical data and joint clinical studies. Two datasets were defined: a mandatory dataset (minimal dataset) that can ideally be obtained during a routine clinical consultation and a more demanding extended dataset that is useful for research purposes. In the future, the currently most widely used clinician-reported outcome measure (ClinRO) in ataxia, the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), should be developed into a generally accepted instrument that can be used in upcoming clinical trials. Furthermore, there is an urgent need (i) to obtain more data on ataxia-specific, patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), (ii) to demonstrate and optimize sensitivity to change of many COAs, and (iii) to establish methods and evidence of anchoring change in COAs in patient meaningfulness, e.g., by determining patient-derived minimally meaningful thresholds of change.
Technological, healthcare and consumer funds efficiency: influence of COVID-19
Authors: Proença Catarina Alexandra Neves , Neves Maria Elisabete Duarte , do Castelo Baptista Gouveia Maria , da Silva Madaleno Mara Teresa
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to analyze the efficiency of the funds in technological, healthcare, and consumer cyclical sectors based on the U.S. News & World Report rankings. We employed a Principal Component Analysis to select the indicators to explain efficiency. Then, we have used an alternative approach that combines Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding, the Value-Based DEA, to assess the efficiency of funds for 1 year (2020), 3 years (2018–2020), and 5 years (2016–2020). The results highlight that in 2020 the number of efficient funds is much smaller than in previous periods and this can be justified by the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The sectors with the most efficient funds are technology and healthcare. The factors that determine the efficiency of funds in the health sector and the technology sector are quite different, although they have not undergone major changes in the three periods considered. For managers, health funds are seen as low risk and hardly consider the return factors in all analyzed periods, which is often considered as benchmarks for inefficient funds. In the technology sector, Beta and Alpha are generally the indicators with the greatest weight in fund efficiency, showing that these funds beat the market in terms of returns and are less risky than the benchmark. This study seeks to complete the scarce existing literature on the subject, namely in the sectors under analysis, seeking to identify the indicators that fund managers ponder most to consider a fund as efficient. As far as we know, the joint efficiency analysis of these sectors and the impact they suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic are new in the literature.
Audio–Visual Predictive Processing in the Perception of Humans and Robots
Authors: Sarigul Busra , Urgen Burcu A.
Published: April 2023

Recent work in cognitive science suggests that our expectations affect visual perception. With the rise of artificial agents in human life in the last few decades, one important question is whether our expectations about non-human agents such as humanoid robots affect how we perceive them. In the present study, we addressed this question in an audio–visual context. Participants reported whether a voice embedded in a noise belonged to a human or a robot. Prior to this judgment, they were presented with a human or a robot image that served as a cue and allowed them to form an expectation about the category of the voice that would follow. This cue was either congruent or incongruent with the category of the voice. Our results show that participants were faster and more accurate when the auditory target was preceded by a congruent cue than an incongruent cue. This was true regardless of the human-likeness of the robot. Overall, these results suggest that our expectations affect how we perceive non-human agents and shed light on future work in robot design.
„Weil es oft Buskinder sind“ – kulturelle Teilhabe und Jugendarbeit in peripher(isiert)en ländlichen Regionen im Spannungsfeld differenter Regionalisierungsstrategien
Authors: Grunert Cathleen , Ludwig Katja
Published: April 2023

Der Beitrag fokussiert peripherisierungs- und raumtheoretisch sensibilisiert darauf, wie kulturelle Bildungsarbeit für Jugendliche in Relation zu den Bedingungen peripher(isiert)er ländlicher Regionen hervorgebracht wird. Gleichzeitig wird die Frage aufgeworfen, wie Akteur:innen kultureller Bildungsarbeit selbst Raumkonstruktionen in ländlichen Regionen mit hervorbringen. Dafür greift die zugrundeliegende empirische Studie einerseits auf Expert:inneninterviews mit Akteur:innen zurück, die in differenten Angeboten außerschulischer kultureller Bildungsarbeit mit Jugendlichen tätig sind und die zwischen eher hoch- und eher soziokulturellen Ausrichtungen kontrastieren. Andererseits kommen Perspektiven von Akteur:innen in den Blick, die auf kommunaler oder Landkreisebene für diesen Bereich (Mit‑)Verantwortung tragen und so die Rahmenbedingungen kultureller Bildungsarbeit mit hervorbringen. Die Rekonstruktionen machen deutlich, dass sich Akteur:innen kultureller Bildungsarbeit in ländlichen Regionen im Spannungsfeld räumlicher Zentralisierungs- und Dezentralisierungskonzepte bewegen. Diese erzeugen nicht nur in unterschiedlicher Weise Abhängigkeiten und Herausforderungen für das professionelle Handeln, sondern wirken sich darüber auch auf die Zugangs- und Teilhabemöglichkeiten Jugendlicher aus.
Dynamic Assessment of Spatiotemporal Population Distribution Based on Mobile Phone Data: A Case Study in Xining City, China
Authors: Wei Benyong , Su Guiwu , Liu Fenggui
Published: April 2023

High-resolution, dynamic assessments of the spatiotemporal distributions of populations are critical for urban planning and disaster management. Mobile phone big data have real-time collection, wide coverage, and high resolution advantages and can thus be used to characterize human activities and population distributions at fine spatiotemporal scales. Based on six days of mobile phone user-location signal (MPLS) data, we assessed the dynamic spatiotemporal distribution of the population of Xining City, Qinghai Province, China. The results show that strong temporal regularity exists in the daily activities of local residents. The spatiotemporal distribution of the local population showed a significant downtown-suburban attenuation pattern. Factors such as land use types, holidays, and seasons significantly affect the spatiotemporal patterns of the local population. By combining other spatiotemporal trajectory data, high-resolution and dynamic real-time population distribution evaluations based on mobile phone location signals could be better developed and improved for use in urban management and disaster assessment research.
Motion Planning for a Cable-Driven Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot with Movable Distal Anchor Points
Authors: Li Jinghang , Wang Keyi , Wang Yanzhuo , Wang Chao
Published: April 2023

This article introduces a cable-driven lower limb rehabilitation robot with movable distal anchor points (M-CDLR). The traditional cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) control the moving platform by changing the length of cables, M-CDLR can also adjust the position of the distal anchor point when the moving platform moves. The M-CDLR this article proposed has gait and single-leg training modes, which correspond to the plane and space motion of the moving platform, respectively. After introducing the system structure configuration, the generalized kinematics and dynamics of M-CDLR are established. The fully constrained CDPRs can provide more stable rehabilitation training than the under-constrained one but requires more cables. Therefore, a motion planning method for the movable distal anchor point of M-CDLR is proposed to realize the theoretically fully constrained with fewer cables. Then the expected trajectory of the moving platform is obtained from the motion capture experiment, and the motion planning of M-CDLR under two training modes is simulated. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed motion planning method. This study serves as a basic theoretical study of the structure optimization and control strategy of M-CDLR.
Study of time- and distance-dependent degradations of network RTK performance at high latitudes in Norway
Authors: Jacobsen Knut Stanley , Sokolova Nadezda , Ouassou Mohammed , Solberg Anders Martin
Published: April 2023

In this study we examine the performance of a network real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning service at high latitudes ($$\approx 70^o$$

≈

70
o

N). The NRTK used is the Norwegian national positioning service “CPOS”. To test the performance, 6 geodetic quality receivers were deployed at various distances from the network receivers and used to collect positioning data for most of the year 2021. This test network is located in the night-time auroral oval region during normal conditions. Statistics are presented showing variation in performance as a function of the distance to the nearest NRTK receiver and as a function of the time-of-day. Performance is found to be significantly degraded during night-time, with approximately ten-fold increases of the occurrence of large positioning errors and significant increases in the time-to-fix. The distance from the network was also found to be a factor for significant performance degradation, with approximately ten-fold increases in the occurrence of large positioning errors when comparing results from a receiver close to the network (1.2 km) to a receiver a moderate distance away (11.5 km). The cause of the observed degradations are likely small-scale ionospheric density structures in the auroral oval region. Observational evidence of such gradients is shown.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for Intelligence Analysis: a Review of the Key Challenges with Recommendations
Authors: Blanchard Alexander , Taddeo Mariarosaria
Published: April 2023

Intelligence agencies have identified artificial intelligence (AI) as a key technology for maintaining an edge over adversaries. As a result, efforts to develop, acquire, and employ AI capabilities for purposes of national security are growing. This article reviews the ethical challenges presented by the use of AI for augmented intelligence analysis. These challenges have been identified through a qualitative systematic review of the relevant literature. The article identifies five sets of ethical challenges relating to intrusion, explainability and accountability, bias, authoritarianism and political security, and collaboration and classification, and offers a series of recommendations targeted at intelligence agencies to address and mitigate these challenges.
Diagnostic stewardship for Clostridioides difficile testing in an acute care hospital: A quality improvement intervention
Authors: Berg Madeline L. , Ayres Ashley M. , Weber David R. , McCullough Melissa , Crall Victoria D. , Lewis Casey L. , Valek Abby L. , Vincent Lizabeth A. , Penzelik Joseph , Sasinoski Crystal A. , Cheng Amanda L. , Bradford Claire F. , Bell Elizabeth O. , Edwards Kimberly M. , Castronova Isabella A. , Brady Mya B. , Slaughter Julie , Oleksiuk Louise-Marie , Snyder Graham M.
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a diagnostic stewardship intervention on Clostridioides difficile healthcare-associated infections (HAI).

Design:

Quality improvement study.

Setting:

Two urban acute care hospitals.

Interventions:

All inpatient stool testing for C. difficile required review and approval prior to specimen processing in the laboratory. An infection preventionist reviewed all orders daily through chart review and conversations with nursing; orders meeting clinical criteria for testing were approved, orders not meeting clinical criteria were discussed with the ordering provider. The proportion of completed tests meeting clinical criteria for testing and the primary outcome of C. difficile HAI were compared before and after the intervention.

Results:

The frequency of completed C. difficile orders not meeting criteria was lower [146 (7.5%) of 1,958] in the intervention period (January 10, 2022–October 14, 2022) than in the sampled 3-month preintervention period [26 (21.0%) of 124; P < .001]. C. difficile HAI rates were 8.80 per 10,000 patient days prior to the intervention (March 1, 2021–January 9, 2022) and 7.69 per 10,000 patient days during the intervention period (incidence rate ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–1.05; P = .13).

Conclusions:

A stringent order-approval process reduced clinically nonindicated testing for C. difficile but did not significantly decrease HAIs.
Addressing the underdiagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: A mixed methods study exploring the knowledge and practice behaviors of cardiology healthcare providers
Authors: Kalia Isha , Shope Ronald , Reilly Muredach , Schwartz Lisa
Published: April 2023

Background:

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is vastly underdiagnosed and causes an increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Cardiology providers (CHCPs) are in an ideal position to care for FH patients. This research aimed to understand the practice behaviors of CHCPs in the screening, diagnosis, and management of FH.

Methods:

Adaptation of an existing FH knowledge tool guided survey development. The results of the quantitative survey guided development of the interview protocol. CHCPs were recruited in the Division of Cardiology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC). A review of the educational materials offered by the Division of Cardiology was conducted to identify FH knowledge domains presented.

Results:

CHCPs with MDs, at CUIMC for 6–10 years, in clinical practice for 1–5 years, and in inpatient services had the highest average total knowledge scores. CHCPs with RNs, at CUIMC for less than 1 year, in clinical practice for 6–10 years, and in Cath Lab had the lowest average knowledge scores. Four themes emerged – variability in FH care; issues related to addressing FH at institutional, practice setting, and individual levels; importance of identifying FH early; and intervention approaches to overcome barriers to caring for FH patients in cardiology. CHCPs with MDs or with experiential FH knowledge described FH care beyond screening. The document review revealed that only MDs were provided lectures pertaining to FH.

Conclusions:

Future interventions should increase didactic and experiential FH knowledge incorporating institutional, local, and national FH resources. Improving FH care can reduce FH-related morbidity and mortality, as well as improve FH health outcomes.
Wall-pressure fluctuations in an axisymmetric boundary layer under strong adverse pressure gradient
Authors: Balantrapu N. Agastya , Alexander W. Nathan , Devenport William
Published: April 2023

Measurements of fluctuating wall pressure in a high-Reynolds-number flow over a body of revolution are described. With a strong axial pressure gradient and moderate lateral curvature, this non-equilibrium flow is relevant to marine applications as well as short-haul urban transportation. The wall-pressure spectrum and its scaling are discussed, along with its relation to the space–time structure. As the flow decelerates downstream, the root-mean-square level of the pressure drops together with the wall shear stress (

$\tau _w$

) and is consistently approximately 7

$\tau _w$

. While the associated dimensional spectra see a broadband reduction of over 15 dB per Hz, they appear to attain a single functional form, collapsing to within 2 dB when normalized with the wall-wake scaling where

$\tau _w$

is the pressure scale and

$U_e/\delta$

is the frequency scale. Here,

$\delta$

is the boundary layer thickness and

$U_e$

is the local free-stream velocity. The general success of the wall-wake scaling, including in the viscous

$f^{-5}$

region, suggests that the large-scale motions in the outer layer play a predominant role in the near-wall turbulence and wall pressure. On investigating further, we find that the instantaneous wall-pressure fluctuations are characterized by a quasi-periodic feature that appears to convect downstream at speeds consistent with the outer peak in the turbulence stresses. The conditional structure of this feature, estimated through peak detection in the time series, resembles that of a roller, supporting the embedded shear layer hypothesis (Schatzman & Thomas, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 815, 2017, pp. 592–642; Balantrapu et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 929, 2021, A9). Therefore, the outer-region shear-layer-type motions may be important when devising strategies for flow control, drag and noise reduction for decelerating boundary layers.
Micro-CT analysis of Katian radiolarians from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, and implications for skeletogenesis
Authors: Perera Siyumini , Aitchison Jonathan C.
Published: April 2023

A diverse and well-preserved radiolarian assemblage from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, contains 13 species representing 10 genera and six families. One new genus, Wiradjuri, is introduced to accommodate pre-Devonian single-shelled entactiniid taxa, and one new species, Secuicollacta malongulliensis, is recorded together with some previously described forms. The microstructures of the “rotasphaerid structure/primary unit” and the “ectopic spicule” are investigated to validate their roles as fundamental units in the Secuicollactidae, together with comprehensive documentation of the previously enigmatic Pseudorotasphaera internal skeleton.

The results of this investigation suggest that, among all radiolarian genera that survived the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction event (LOME) and transitioned into the Silurian, Secuicollacta, Haplotaeniatum, and Palaeoephippium maintained stable body plans during the transition and were more successfully established. The selective advantages these lineages had during the LOME were most likely spontaneous outcomes of the mode of structural development involving sequential skeletogenesis and a tendency to evolve toward simpler body plans.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/264c026f-35af-4025-a4f7-de8f9a91f8b9
The Anthropology of Legal Form: Ethnographic Contributions to the Study of Transnational Law
Authors: Canfield Matthew C.
Published: April 2023

For most of legal anthropology’s existence as a distinct subfield, ethnographers have studied the function of law rather than its form. With the proliferation of neoliberal technologies of governance, however, anthropologists are increasingly turning to law’s form. This article surveys the anthropology of legal form and its contribution to the study of transnational law and governance. In taking legal form as the object of ethnographic inquiry, legal anthropologists examine the material, sensory, and symbolic dimensions through which law is recognized. Such an approach analyzes how power operates not through law’s substantive meanings but, rather, through its aesthetic dimensions. Current anthropological scholarship has illuminated the diverse ways in which the technical and formal aesthetics of law operate to foreclose political contestation. I argue, however, that the aesthetics of legal form may also be mobilized to render power relations visible and open to challenge amidst proliferating forms of neoliberal governance. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork within one arena of global governance—the UN Committee on World Food Security—I illustrate how activists draw on the aesthetics of rights to illuminate inequalities and politicize governance processes. In doing so, I suggest that greater engagement with Jacques Rancière’s political theory of aesthetics can deepen anthropological insights into the power of legal form in the context of transnational law and governance.
Ethnography at an Intersection: Law, Anti-Trafficking NGOs, and Prostitution in India
Authors: Ramachandran Vibhuti
Published: April 2023

For a legal anthropologist interested in how different agents and forms of governance shape projects of sexual humanitarianism, the strategies that US-funded non-governmental organizations (NGOs) use in their attempts to reframe an Indian anti-prostitution law as an anti-trafficking instrument generate broader conceptual questions. How do Indian NGOs articulate donor-driven concerns with the postcolonial socio-legal framework within which they work? What impact do they seek to have on the law, legal system, and legal actors? What, in turn, happens to formal law, which is already shaped by a complex history of legal concerns, moral panics, and NGO intervention (itself authorized by law) in this context? How do law and NGOs shape each other across anti-prostitution and anti-trafficking projects in the overlapping contexts of postcoloniality, globalization, neoliberalism, and sexual humanitarianism in India? How might one explore these intersections and relationships methodologically? I show how ethnography at the intersection of anti-prostitution law and anti-trafficking NGOs illuminates: (1) law’s imbrication in a broader, long-standing, and ever-expanding field of governmental action on prostitution; (2) how NGOs and legal actors act, in tension and in collaboration, upon the perceived “problem” of prostitution; and (3) how anti-trafficking NGOs and anti-prostitution law co-constitute each other as they shape contested meanings around prostitution.
Legal and Cultural Construction of the Maori Corporate Person
Authors: Gordon Gwendolyn J.
Published: April 2023

Our understandings of what corporations are—narratives of why they exist, who they serve, and their basic ontological status—matter for the way in which legal and ethical responsibilities become imputed to them. Interactions between the law of corporations and ordinary peoples’ thinking about themselves (as agents, as owners, and as responsible, or not, for an organization’s adherence to social mores) contribute to the way in which they imagine the corporation to be. Beyond the question of personhood, then, is the question of how the jurisprudence of the corporation is (en)cultured. To tease apart the multiple layers of this inquiry—to make the anthropologist’s move of rendering the familiar strange—it is useful to shift our attention to less typically encountered uses of the corporate form; here, a look at Indigenously owned corporations provides that new perspective. This slant view makes apparent new intersections between understandings of the reasons for corporate existence and the rights that the corporation might properly claim, suggesting the crucial role that these intersections might play in theorizing the corporation.
Dark Parties: Unveiling Nonparty Communities in American Political Campaigns
Authors: OKLOBDZIJA STAN
Published: April 2023

Since 2010, independent expenditures have grown as a source of spending in American elections. A large and growing portion comes from “dark money” groups—political nonprofits whose terms of incorporation allow them to partially obscure their sources of income. I develop a new dataset of about 2,350,000 tax documents released by the IRS and use it to test a new theory of political spending. I posit that pathways for anonymous giving allowed interest groups to form new networks and create new pathways for money into candidate races apart from established political parties. Akin to networked party organizations discovered by other scholars, these dark money networks channel money from central hubs to peripheral electioneering groups. I further show that accounting for these dark money networks makes previously peripheral nodes more important to the larger network and diminishes the primacy of party affiliated organizations in funneling money into candidate races.