bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SRS for Vestibular Schwannomas – Current Status
Authors: Pattankar Sanjeev , Pasricha Paurush , Misra Basant K
Published: August 2023

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established modality of treatment for vestibular schwannomas (VS). We aim to summarize the evidence-based use of SRS in VSs and address the specific considerations pertaining to the same, along with our own clinical experiences. A thorough review of the literature was done to gather evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of SRS in VSs. Additionally, we have reviewed the senior author's experience in treating VSs (N = 294) between 2009 and 2021 and our experiences with microsurgery in post-SRS patients. Available scientific evidence upholds the role of SRS in VSs, in small-to-medium-sized tumors (5-year local tumor control >95%). The risk of adverse radiation effects remains minimal, while the hearing preservation rates are variable. Our center's post-GammaKnife VS follow-up cohort (sporadic – 157, neurofibromatosis-2 – 14) showed excellent tumor control rates at the last follow-up of 95.5% (sporadic) and 93.8% (neurofibromatosis-2), with a median margin dose of 13 Gy and mean follow-up periods of 3.6 (sporadic) and 5.2 (neurofibromatosis-2) years. Microsurgery in post-SRS VSs poses a formidable challenge due to the resulting thickened arachnoid and adhesions to critical neurovascular structures. Near-total excision is the key to better functional outcomes in such cases. SRS is here to stay as a trusted alternative in the management of VSs. Further studies are required to propose means of accurate prediction of hearing preservation rates and also to compare the relative efficacies of various SRS modalities.
Primary Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Intraspinal Cavity
Authors: Li Wenhua , Wang Yongjie , Wu Xiangru , Chu Caiting
Published: August 2023

Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) occurs most frequently in the gonads and is relatively rare in other sites, particularly in the spinal cavity. We report a 19-year-old woman who presented with back pain and weakness of both lower extremities who was found to have an EST in the spinal canal cavity. She had severely elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level at presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the mass in the spinal canal. The tumor was excised. Serum AFP returned to normal after three cycles of chemotherapy. We describe the imaging findings and the macroscopic and microscopic features of this rare tumor. EST is a relatively rare malignant germ cell tumor that usually originates in the gonads and has poor prognosis. This is a rare case of the primary EST in the spinal canal. Radiologists need to be aware of the MRI appearance of extragonadal EST.
A 24-year-Old Male with Marden–Walker Syndrome and Epilepsy
Authors: Rissardo Jamir Pitton , Fornari Caprara Ana Letícia , Fighera Michele Rechia , Tamiozzo Renan Luiz
Published: August 2023

We report a 24-year-old male with blepharophimosis, psychomotor retardation, brachycephaly, microstomia, immobile face, high arched palate, single palmar crease, kyphoscoliosis, talipes equinovarus, inguinal hernia, pyloric stenosis, recurrent infections, bilateral camptodactyly, wide-set eyes, decreased muscle mass, hypotonia, exotropia, and ptosis in the left eye, growth retardation, multiple congenital contractures, and hyporreflexia. Contractures improved with aging, but intellectual disability and blepharophimosis remained. He also presented epilepsy, outbursts of laughter, and predisposition to drug adverse effects (skin lesions with carbamazepine and secondary parkinsonism).
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in treatment of systemic sclerosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Singh Anupama , Udayan Uday Kumar , Tiwary Pankaj Kumar , Prasad Gopal , Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Zeeshan Md. , Singh Shivangi
Published: August 2023

Background:

Conventional treatment of systemic sclerosis with drugs for symptom control and broad-spectrum immunosuppression has remained unsatisfactory. Depletion of B-lymphocytes, which are a crucial element in pathogenesis, with rituximab (RTX) has produced encouraging results.

Objective:

This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the safety and efficacy of RTX in systemic sclerosis.

Materials and Methods:

Baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up data of 13 systemic sclerosis (11 diffuse and 2 limited) patients (10 adult and 3 adolescent) who received 4 infusions of 500 mg RTX at 2-weekly intervals was accessed and retrospectively analyzed.

Results:

Modified Rodnan Skin Score progressively improved from a baseline of 22.2 ± 7.97 to 17.7 ± 7.95 at 6 months (P < 0.05) and 14 ± 7.12 at 12 months (P < 0.05 vs. baseline and 6-month), and mouth opening increased from 2.23 ± 0.44 fingers to 3.5 ± 0.52 fingers at 12 months (P < 0.05). Pruritus and melanoderma improved in all those affected. Raynaud’s phenomenon improved in 12/13, whereas digital ulcers improved significantly in 9/12 patients. Arthritis remitted in the six affected patients, and percentage predicted forced vital capacity improved from a baseline of 70 ± 9.09 to 76.54 ± 7.5 at 12 months (P < 0.05). There were no serious adverse effects.

Conclusion:

RTX showed good outcome in cutaneous, joint, and pulmonary features of systemic sclerosis without any significant adverse event.
Staphylococcal carriage status: implications, mechanisms, and practical treatment guidelines
Authors: Chakraborty Atreyo
Published: August 2023

Staphylococcal carriage status is very common, and it is important for the dermatologist to be aware of its clinical manifestations, the mechanisms by which they produce colonization, and the therapeutic options available to eliminate them.
Trifecta and pentafecta outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in a multi-institutional cohort of Indian patients
Authors: Sharma Gopal , Shah Milap , Ahluwalia Puneet , Bhandari Mahendra , Ahlawat Rajesh , Rawal Sudhir , Sivaraman Ananthakrishnan , Thyavihally Yuvaraja B. , Gautam Gagan
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

The literature on studies reporting trifecta or pentafecta outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in Indian patients is limited. The primary aim of this study was to report and evaluate the factors predicting trifecta and pentafecta outcomes following RAPN in Indian patients using the multicentric Vattikuti collective quality initiative (VCQI) database.

Methods:

From the VCQI database for patients who underwent RAPN, data for Indian patients were extracted and analyzed for factors predicting the achievement of trifecta and pentafecta following RAPN. Trifecta was defined as the absence of complications, negative surgical margins, and warm ischemia period shorter than 25 min or zero ischemia. Pentafecta covers all the trifecta criteria as well as >90% preservation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and no stage upgrade of chronic kidney disease at 12 months.

Results:

In this study, among 614 patients, the trifecta was achieved in 374 patients (60.9%) and pentafecta was achieved in 24.2% of the patients. Patients who achieved trifecta had significantly higher mean age (54.1 vs. 51.0 years, P = 0.005), body mass index (BMI) (26.7 vs. 26.03 kg/m2, P = 0.022), and smaller tumor size (38.6 vs. 41.4 mm, P = 0.028). The preoperative eGFR (84.2 vs. 91.9 ml/min, P = 0.012) and renal nephrometry score (RNS) (6.96 vs. 7.87, P ≤ 0.0001) were significantly lower in the trifecta group. Comparing patients who achieved pentafecta to those who did not, we noted a statistically significant difference between the two groups for tumor size (36.1 vs. 41.5 mm, P = 0.017) and RNS (6.6 vs. 7.7, P = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, BMI and RNS were associated with trifecta outcomes. Similarly, only RNS was identified as an independent predictor of pentafecta.

Conclusions:

RNS and BMI were independent predictors of the trifecta. At the same time, RNS was identified as an independent predictor of pentafecta following RAPN.
Prepubic inflammatory liposarcoma presenting as urosepsis
Authors: Khattar Manish , Singh Prabhjot , Nayak Brusabhanu , Khan Shah Alam , Kumar Venkatesan Sampath
Published: August 2023

Inflammatory well-differentiated liposarcoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor which is predominantly retroperitoneal in origin. We report a 72-year-old male without co-morbidities with suspected urosepsis and an obstructing ureteric calculus. Despite adequate diversion and broad-spectrum antimicrobials, the leukocytosis persisted. Further imaging revealed a locally infiltrating prepubic mass which was suspicious of a lymphoid malignancy and was found to be a high-grade liposarcoma on biopsy. He underwent open wide local resection of the tumor and the histopathology revealed an inflammatory well-differentiated liposarcoma with areas of neutrophilic abscess and necrosis. A dramatic response to the surgical resection was seen and the leukocytosis resolved within a few days.
Effect of preoperative estrogen on complications after proximal hypospadias repair: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pati Akash Bihari , Mishra Pritinanada , Mahalik Santosh K. , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Mohanty Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Proximal hypospadias repair has many postoperative complications such as urethrocutaneous fistulae, wound dehiscence, and urethral stricture. The beneficial effect of estrogen to promote wound healing has been known. We designed a study to determine whether preoperative stimulation of tissue with estrogen can reduce the postoperative complications associated with wound healing in patients undergoing hypospadias repair.

Methods:

Patients with proximal hypospadias requiring two-stage repairs (chordee correction followed by urethral tubularization) were randomized to estrogen and control groups before the second stage of surgery. In the former, topical estrogen cream (0.5 mg of estriol) was applied to the ventral penis for a month, whereas normal saline gel was applied to the latter; the urethroplasty was carried out thereafter. Patients were followed up for complications.

Results:

There were 29 patients in the estrogen group and 31 in the placebo group after the exclusion criteria were met. There was no significant difference in the overall postoperative complications between the estrogen group (44.8%) and the placebo group (51.6%). The occurrence of urethrocutaneous fistula (37.9% vs. 51.6%) and dehiscence (41.4% vs. 45.2%) was not significantly different between the estrogen and placebo groups. Neourethral stricture occurred in four patients in the estrogen group, while none of the patients in the placebo group developed stricture.

Conclusions:

The preoperative application of topical estrogen cream to the ventral penis failed to demonstrate any significant effect on wound healing and complications.
Primary retroperitoneal fibrosis presenting as a renal mass
Authors: Shrivastava Nikita , Aggarwal Divya , Jena Rahul
Published: August 2023

A 67-year-old male was incidentally found to have a large left perinephric mass with a poorly functioning left kidney. A differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), and IgG4 renal disease was suggested on imaging studies and biopsy of the mass. A left radical nephrectomy was performed as malignancy could not be ruled out. The final diagnosis was RPF without periaortitis and the patient is doing well at 9 months of follow-up. RPF, although characterized as a manifestation of periaortitis and large vessel vasculitis, might also present as an isolated perinephric mass without aortic involvement. Surgical management is an alternative, especially when malignancy is suspected.
Aedes aegypti container preference for oviposition and its possible implications for dengue vector surveillance in Delhi, India
Authors: Prasad Pooja , Lata Suman , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Saxena Rekha , Arya Deepak Kumar , Singh Himmat
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease globally transmitted by Aedes aegypti. The most effective method to prevent the transmission of the disease is proficient vector control. Understanding the breeding behaviour of the responsible vectors is very pertinent in this regard; therefore, the present study was conducted to understand Ae. aegypti behaviour regarding the selection of containers for oviposition in the megacity of Delhi.METHODS: A household survey in different localities within Delhi was carried out during 2018-2019. All available containers were inspected for the presence of immature Ae. aegypti. In entomological surveillance, the ovipositional preference of Aedes was computed using the breeding preference ratio, container index in the field, and laboratory settings, and associations of dengue cases with monthly variation in environmental factors and container type were also calculated.RESULTS: The household larval survey in 40 localities showed that 40% of 27,776 water-holding containers in 3,400 houses were plastic, followed by overhead tanks (26.2%), and coolers (12.1%). The most preferred breeding habitat was clay pots (9.3%), followed by metallic containers (8.5%) and solid waste (7.1%). A laboratory-based study showed that Aedes preferred clay containers (81.8%) over 4 other types of containers (plastic, paper, metal, and glass).CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides a rationale for using clay containers as a possible surveillance tool (ovitraps) or as a vector control tool. This information might aid researchers in developing novel traps and targeting preferred containers for larval control activities during transmission and non-transmission seasons.
Does the father’s job matter? Parental occupation and preterm birth in Korea
Authors: Kim Taemi , Gwak Eunseon , Erdenetuya Bolormaa , Oh Jeong-Won , Yoon Jung-won , Kim Myoung-Hee , Ryu Jia , Choe Seung-Ah
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES: Limited evidence is available regarding the impact of paternal occupation and its combined effect with maternal occupation on preterm birth. Therefore, we assessed the association of maternal and paternal occupations with preterm birth.METHODS: We used the national birth data of Korea between 2010 and 2020. Parental occupations were divided into 5 categories: (1) managers; (2) professionals, technicians, and related workers; (3) clerks and support workers; (4) service and sales workers; and (5) manual workers. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of extremely, very, and moderate-to-late preterm births per occupational category considering individual risk factors.RESULTS: For the 4,004,976 singleton births, 40.2% of mothers and 95.5% of fathers were employed. Compared to non-employment, employment was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth. Among employed mothers, service and sales occupations were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth than managerial occupations (aOR, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.10 for moderate-to-late preterm births). The father’s manual occupation was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (aOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.13 for moderate-to-late preterm) than managerial occupations. When both parents had high-risk occupations, the risk of preterm birth was higher than in cases where only the mother or neither of the parents had a high-risk occupation.CONCLUSIONS: Paternal occupation was associated with preterm birth regardless of maternal employment and occupation and modified the effect of maternal occupation. Detailed occupational environment data are needed to identify the paternal exposures that increase the risk.
ETKİN DEPO YERLEŞİMİNİN DÜZENLENMESINDE APRIORI ALGORİTMASININ UYGULANMASI
Authors: ÖZCAN Burcu , KARAMAN Aysu , YILMAZ Yıldız Edanur
Published: August 2023

Büyük veri setlerindeki değerli ve sonucu tahmin edilmeyen bilginin keşfine veri madenciliği denmektedir. Veri madenciliğinin çeşitli ve geniş uygulama alanı bulunmaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ve ürün çeşitliliğinde ki artış ile birlikte sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için firmaların en önemli ihtiyaçları arasına girmiş olan etkin depo yönetimi konusu veri madenciliği ile birlikte ele alınmıştır. Firmanın siparişleri incelenerek dinamik sipariş analizi sonucu sürdürülebilir etkin depo yerleşimi yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada ilk olarak veri ve veri madenciliği modelleri incelenmiştir. Daha sonra depo yönetimi ve yerleşimi kavramları üzerinde incelemeler yapılmıştır. Bu incelemeler birlikte kullanılmaya başlanarak boya fabrikası deposuna gelen siparişler doğrultusunda ürünlerin birlikte kullanılma sıklıkları Apriori algoritması ile incelenmiştir. %3 destek, %70 güven düzeyi ideal kabul edilerek Ü7’nin Ü4 ve Ü5'e en yakın konuma yerleştirilmesiyle başlanarak etkin depo yerleşimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Pratiques et images du taxi : les déterminants sociaux de la dialectique offre-demande
Authors: Laneyrie P.
Published: August 2023

The main social factors which determine the different pictures that taxi-users form concerning this means of transportation, and the use (or non-use) of taxis which derives from them, are discussed in the article below with the help of two examples : a large provincial conurbation (LYON) and two small towns with a population of only a few thousand. This contribution attempts to demonstrate that a technical and economic approach to the taxicab service, however essential it might be for the understanding of the kind of relationships existing between supply and demand, falls short of a thorough exploration of the problem. It is also quite necessary to take into account the sociology of the various social groups to which this means of transportation is intended, as well as the personal qualities of those who manage the business, in so far as the taxicab service has gradually changed throughout its history from a "public service" into an almost craftsman-like activity.

Les principaux facteurs sociaux qui déterminent les représentations que la clientèle du taxi se fait de ce mode de transport, et l'usage (ou le non-usage) du taxi qui en découlent, sont abordés dans le texte ci-dessous à l'aide de deux exemples : celui d'une grande ville de province (LYON) et celui de deux petites agglomérations de quelques milliers d'habitants. Cet article tente de montrer que l'approche technique et économique du service-taxi, bien qu'elle soit indispensable à la connaissance de la nature des relations entre offre et demande, est insuffisante à l'expliquer. Il est tout aussi nécessaire de prendre en compte la sociologie des groupes sociaux auxquels s'adresse l'outil de transport, ainsi que la personnalité de ceux qui en assurent la gestion, dans la mesure où le service-taxi a subi une évolution historique qui l'a peu à peu éloigné du "service public" pour en faire une activité essentiellement artisanale.
Commutings of town-dwellers: a method of systematic investigation
Authors: Raux Charles
Published: August 2023

This article exposes some opportunities of the segmentation method about urban travel behavior analysis. This method avoids analysis of a lot of contingency tables and helps to build a view of relationships between a phenomenon to be explained in a way to explain the aggregate mobility with some parameters making up a representation of the socio-economic context. The analysis allows to make out some large tendencies in travel factors but also shows the limits of this way of explanation by these socio-economic criterions. Search for more relevant elements requires to introduce other dimensions of the social reality.

Cet article montre les possibilités d'investigation systématique offertes par la méthode de segmentation en matière d'analyse des comportements de déplacements des citadins. Cette méthode permet, en évitant l'analyse de nombreux tableaux de contingence, de construire une représentation des liaisons existant entre un phénomène étudié et un ensemble de paramètres particuliers. Elle est mise en œuvre ici dans une tentative d'explication de la mobilité globale par un certain nombre de paramètres constituant une représentation du contexte socio-économique. L'analyse permet de dégager quelques grandes tendances dans les déterminants de la mobilité mais montre également les limites de ce type d'approche par ces critères socio-économiques. La recherche de facteurs explicatifs plus pertinents nécessite l'introduction d'autres dimensions de la réalité sociale.
The transport mastership
Authors: Savy Michel
Published: August 2023

Apart from the price fixing market mechanisms the goods transport activities can be analyzed according to the socio-economic relationships taking place between members of the transport organization, particularly between shippers and carriers. The "transport mastership" sanctions an economic agent's ability to structure, according to his own needs, a transport chain whole organization: whether he seeks after financial targets (to provide his capital a higher income than other capitals involved in the goods production/circulation channel) or technical targets (e.g. for an industrial shipper, put into place a transport organization adequate to the industrial production needs). Making a link between industry and transport economics, the transport mastership concept does not replace the traditional production/consumption of transport economic analysis categories, but appears as a preliminary characterization of them.

Outre les mécanismes de marché concourant à l'établissement des prix, les transports de marchandises peuvent s'analyser selon les relations socio-économiques et les rapports de force qui s'établissent entre parties prenantes à l'organisation du transport, notamment entre chargeurs et transporteurs. La "maîtrise" sanctionne l'aptitude d'un agent économique à structurer, conformément à ses besoins propres, l'ensemble de l'organisation d'une chaîne de transport, qu'il poursuive des objectifs financiers (assurer à ses propres capitaux une rémunération supérieure à celle des autres capitaux engagés dans la filière de production/circulation de la marchandise) ou techniques) (par exemple, pour un chargeur industriel, mettre en place une organisation du transport adéquate aux exigences de la production industrielle) . Etablissant un lien entre économie des transports et économie industrielle, le concept de maîtrise ne se substitue pas aux catégories traditionnelles d'analyse économique des modalités de production/consommation des transports, mais en constitue une caractérisation préalable.
Urban engineering: some preliminary ideas
Authors: Martinand Claude
Published: August 2023

This article is based on a report written in early 1985 for the Secretary of City Planning Housing and Transportation (MULT) who had requested assistance in defining the possible functions and staffing requirements of a high quality center for urban engineering. A look at the history of the different professions concerned with the urban environment reveals the strong links that existed between the urban hygiene movement and the emerging city planning movement at the turn of the century. In France during the last decade, these links have been renewed by the National Center of Scientific Research (C.N.R.S.) and by a number of organizations including the "City engineers of France". Based on his own practical experience reading and reflection, C. MARTINAND suggests a new definition of urban engineering: "the art of conceiving, developing and operating the urban technical networks that physically and socially link together the individual elements of the urban system". Using this definition as a starting point, the author proposes some directions for research and reading concerned with the consequences of urban systems.

Cet article est une note écrite début 1985, au lendemain de la mission confiée à l'auteur par P. Quilès alors Ministre de l'Urbanisme du Logement et des Transports, devant permettre de contribuer à préciser "le contenu et les partenaires éventuels d'un pôle de compétence spécifique au domaine du génie urbain".Un rappel historique de l'apparition des différents corps du génie montre le lien entre le mouvement social qui accompagne le mouvement hygiéniste et l'apparition de la référence au génie urbain (en 1905), puis sa résurgence au cours des dix dernières années, au CNRS et dans les milieux d'Ingénieurs, en particulier chez les Ingénieurs des Villes de France. A travers ses propres analyses et expériences, et les références à diverses réflexions, l'auteur propose pour définition du génie urbain "l'art de concevoir, de réaliser et de gérer les réseaux techniques urbains en précisant que ceux-ci mettent en relation et en rapport social des éléments localisés du système urbain". A partir de cette définition, l'auteur propose des directions de travail et différents niveaux de lecture et d'enjeux de réseaux.
Modelisation of Road-Use, Accidents and their severity applied in Québec from 1956 to 1982
Authors: Gaudry Marc
Published: August 2023

We present a brief overview of the specification, structure and results of the DRAG model of the demand for road use, accidents and their gravity. The model represents the most extensive effort ever made to explain accidents and their severity.

Nous présentons un bref résumé de la formulation, de la structure et des résultats de DRAG, le modèle économétrique le plus considérable jamais construit pour expliquer les accidents de la route et leur gravité.
Behavioral women's mobility in popular districts of San Salvador (El Salvador)
Authors: Rosales Montano Silvia
Published: August 2023

This paper presents some results of a research dealing with low income people behavior in a metropolitan city of Latin America: San Salvador. It analyses the women's mobility, a topic for which the literature is weak, in a special context of civil war which has a high impact on the running of this metropolitan city. The research was based on about twenty interviews of employed women which reveal some unknownnd rich aspects of their mobility. It appears that they would be the only persons who have a "free practice of the central business district". To go window shopping would be taking their mind out of the influence of the dominant parts and rifts of the San Salvador society. The return trip, the slowest, would induce some feeling of freedom and self-sufficiency, out of the restricting circles of the work place and of the home.The San Salvador working class women's way of life may be lighted on by several original orientations: high dependence of public transport and appropriation of their deficiencies, structural dependence and practices of self-sufficiency, bad standards of life and life symbolic perceptions of the urban space.

Dans une situation particulière s'il en est, celle de la guerre civile du Salvador qui perturbe jusqu'au fonctionnement de sa capitale, cette étude aborde un aspect original, important et rarement évoqué de la mobilité des secteurs populaires en Amérique Latine, celui des femmes. Il s'agit d'une démarche exploratoire basée sur l'interprétation des données générales relatives à l'urbanisation, l'emploi et les transports à San Salvador, débouchant sur la réalisation d'une vingtaine d'entretiens... Ces entretiens auprès des femmes actives révèlent certaines richesses de leur mobilité. Elles seraient les seules personnes à avoir «une pratique gratuite du centre», dont les contours et la fréquentation varient d'un sujet à l'autre. Le «lèche-vitrine» serait une dérive mise à profit pour oublier l'emprise des rôles et des clivages dominants. Et le trajet de retour, plus lent et variable, faciliterait un certain sentiment de liberté et d'autonomie hors de cercles contraignants du travail et du foyer.Conditions matérielles et perceptions symboliques, soumission aux transports en commun et réappropriation de leurs déficiences, dépendance structurelle et pratiques d'autonomisation sont des pistes qui éclairent ces modes de vie d'une façon originale. (E. Henry)
A Maritime Policy in Three Stages
Authors: Ma Shuo
Published: August 2023

The evolution of technology and labor costs in maritime countries results in a transfer of shipping from developed countries to some newly industrialized countries. To make the maximum profit from shipping industry for the national economy, a new maritime policy is supposed to be worked out in line with such evolution, so as to decide when and how the government should be involved. Thaï policy ought to have three stages concerning successively the preparation, the development and the retreat of shipping industry.

L'évolution de la technique et du coût de la main-d'œuvre dans les anciens et les nouveaux pays maritimes provoque un transfert progressif du transport maritime des pays développés vers des pays nouvellement industrialisés. Afin de maximiser les profits tirés de la marine marchande pour l'intérêt national, un pays doit élaborer sa politique maritime à partir de cette double évolution située dans le contexte mondial. Une telle politique devrait être dynamique et évoluer en trois étapes concernant successivement la préparation, le développement et la régression de l'industrie maritime.
An opinion on the evolution of public urban transport out of Paris from 1980 to 1986
Authors: Minvielle Erwann
Published: August 2023

The period 1980-1986 is here reviewed through the main results of urban transit enterprises.Supply, demand, tarification and production costs are examined. 1986 seems a favourable year for public transport.

La période 1980-1986 est ici présentée au travers des principaux résultats des entreprises de transports collectifs urbains.L'offre, la demande, la tarification et les coûts de production sont examinés. 1986 semble ainsi être une année favorable aux transports collectifs.
Transport in metropolitan areas - Present trends and outlook for the future
Authors: Webster F.V.
Published: August 2023

This submission describes the changes affecting transport in urban areas and, after setting out the causes, examines the effects. It then specifies what the objectives of urban transport planning should be and indicates certain measures that can be taken to achieve these objectives, such as making better use of existing resources, investment, and a joint transport/land-use approach.

Cette communication décrit les tendances qui affectent le transport dans les aires urbaines. Après en avoir explicité les causes, elle en étudie les effets. Elle s'efforce ensuite de préciser ce que devraient être les objectifs de la planification des transports urbains et indique les types de mesures susceptibles d'être appliquées pour atteindre ces objectifs : meilleure utilisation des ressources existantes, investissements, approche combinée transport/utilisation du sol.
Oil forelands of the Suez Canal
Authors: Charlier Jacques
Published: August 2023

Major thoroughfare of world shipping, the Suez Canal goes on playing an important role for hydrocarbons, even if these are now weighting less than in the past in its day to day operations.A methodology is proposed to study oil flows according to their origins and destinations. It is based upon orientation indexes and shows how complex are commercial transactions polarized by the Egyptian waterway.

Artère majeure de la circulation maritime mondiale, le canal de Suez continue à exercer un rôle important en matière de trafic d'hydrocarbures, quoique ceux-ci pèsent moins que par le passé dans son fonctionnement.L'article propose une méthodologie d'étude des flux pétroliers en fonction de leurs origines et de leurs destinations. Il s'appuie sur un calcul d'indices d'orientation qui mettent en évidence le caractère très complexe des relations commerciales polarisées par la voie d'eau égyptienne.
J.I.T. operation management and freight transport
Authors: Savy Michel , Veltz Pierre
Published: August 2023

Modern manufacturing management methods cause a complete change, both in the technical operation process and in the information system that regulates it. The division between production functions is reconsidered, and new performance criteria are developed, to allow a better coordination along the whole manufacturing process, a closer link between market and production, a better global efficiency. Logistics methods appear as a main tool in this evolution, so as to lower the inventory level, accelerate the rotation of capital, and strengthen flexibility and reliability to achieve just-in-time production. The freight transport is directly involved in these changes: its implication in production management is stronger, while its own methods and structures are made more cohe¬rent with those of manufacturing industry.

Les changements dans les méthodes de gestion de la production industrielle affectent aussi bien les opérations techniques de fabrication que le système d'information qui les pilote. La division entre fonctions productives est remise en cause, de nouveaux critères de performance sont mis en place, dans la perspective d'une meilleure coordination de l'ensemble des opérations, d'un renforcement des liens entre production et marché, d'une meilleure efficacité globale du dispositif de fabrication et de distribution. Les méthodes de gestion logistiques jouent dans cette évolution un rôle central, pour abaisser le niveau des stocks et des en-cours, accélérer la rotation du capital, atteindre les niveaux de souplesse et de fiabilité nécessaires à la production «juste-à-temps». L'industrie du fret - l'activité de transport de marchandises - est directement partie prenante à ces changements : son insertion dans la gestion de production se renforce, tandis que ses propres méthodes de gestion et ses structures sont de plus en plus cohérentes avec celles de l'ensemble de l'industrie.
Enquête auprès des chargeurs : pour une nouvelle approche de la description des flux de marchandises
Authors: Gouvernal Elisabeth , Hanappe Paul
Published: August 2023

A survey of 1740 shippers, industrialists and merchants, was conducted by INRETS in 1988. New methodological devices led to a breakthrough in the knowledge of commodity transportation:- a systematic coverage of all agents involved in the transport led to a full description of the transport chain;- rather than tons and ton-kilometers, the basic unit is the shipment;- systematic questions on the consigner and consignee economic characteristics bring a better understanding of the role of transportation in the economic process.Beyond the 1740 shippers, specific questions were asked to more than 5 000 carriers or transport agents.The second part of the paper presents some interesting results, which could not have been obtained through the currently available statistical data. They include a typology of transport chains, a description of how the various carriers and agents are connected, an analysis of what for, and to what extent computers are used in transportation.

Une enquête, réalisée par l'INRETS en 1988 auprès de 1740 chargeurs industriels et commerçants en gros, a été l'occasion d'innovations méthodologiques qui éclairent d'un jour nouveau le transport de marchandises. L'article présente d'abord les trois innovations essentielles :- la connaissance de la chaîne de transport de bout en bout, par l'interrogation de tous les professionnels intervenant dans le transport ;- la quantification du transport en termes d'envoi (et non plus seulement tonnes et tonnes-kilomètres) ;- enfin la possibilité de connaître l'insertion du transport dans l'économie, c'est-à-dire pouvoir relier les chargeurs, leurs caractéristiques, leurs demandes et l'offre de transport correspondante.En plus des 1740 établissements industriels et commerciaux «chargeurs», quelques 5000 «intervenants transport» ont été interrogés.Dans une deuxième partie, quelques résultats nouveaux sont présentés qui mettent en évidence les apports de l'enquête, par rapport aux sources statistiques existantes.Les résultats portent notamment sur les configurations des marchés par l'analyse séquentielle des chaînes de transport, le rôle et l'articulation des professions de transports et l'utilisation de l'informatique.
Une nouvelle approche pour la planification de l'entretien et de la réhabilitation des réseaux routiers
Authors: Gendreau Michel , Duclos Louis-Philippe
Published: August 2023

To improve their planning mechanisms, many agencies responsible for the management of large highway and road networks have resorted recently to pavement management systems built around optimization models. The general tendency in these systems has been to provide planners with a single well-defined optimization model, i.e. with a model in which the objective function and the constraints have been stated once and for all. When the complexity of the issues involved in pavement management is considered one is forced to conclude that this single model approach falls short of fulfilling the needs of decision makers. To remedy this situation, we propose a different approach: provide planners with a flexible decision-support tool which lets them specify themselves the optimization problems which seem meaningful within the scope of the decision-making process.

Pour rationnaliser leurs activités de planification, plusieurs organismes responsables de l'administration de grands réseaux routiers ont eu recours au cours des dernières années à des systèmes de gestion des chaussées construits autour de modèles d'optimisation. La tendance générale dans ces systèmes a été de fournir aux planificateurs un modèle « étroit » complètement spécifié en termes d'objectif et de contraintes. Lorsque l'on considère la complexité des facteurs à prendre en compte en gestion des chaussées, il faut conclure que cette approche à modèle unique ne peut satisfaire aux besoins des décideurs. Pour corriger cette situation, nous proposons une approche différente dans laquelle on met à la disposition des planificateurs un outil d'aide à la décision flexible dans lequel ceux-ci peuvent spécifier eux-mêmes les problèmes d'optimisation qui leur paraissent intéressants dans le cadre du processus de prise de décision.
The departmental policies of public transport
Authors: Thibaud Sylvie
Published: August 2023

Several legal, economic, political and human factors converge in the elaboration of departmental public transport policies. Thirst, a certain flexibility of the legal framework gives the departmental authorities a rather important freedom of decision making. The departmental authorities are in charge of the public transport organization. Therefore, they must negotiate with its different partners. Moreover their intervention is limited by the potentialities of the interurban transport market and by transporters strategies. At last it is directed by several objectives; most of them rather are constraints than real political choices. The decision making depends on the organizational means the representatives dispose of. To conclude these factors explain the worrying disparities which are characterizing the carrying out of policies.

Les politiques départementales de transport collectif en France résultent de la congruence de facteurs juridiques, économiques, politiques et humains. D'une part, la relative souplesse du cadre législatif offre à la collectivité départementale une liberté d'action, dans sa mission d'organisation, au centre des négociations avec les différents acteurs. D'autre part, les potentialités du marché des transports interurbains et les stratégies des transporteurs s'imposent aux Conseils généraux comme champ des interventions possibles. Enfin, élaboration et mise en œuvre des décisions répondent davantage à des contraintes qu'à des choix politiques, et dépendent des moyens organisationnels des élus. Issues de ces facteurs interdépendants et variables suivant le contexte local, les réalisations départementales se caractérisent par des disparités inquiétantes.
Development of a motor freight carrier simulator for training, experiment and technological change
Authors: Lardinois Christian , Crainic Teodor , Gendreau Michel
Published: August 2023

In many countries, the training of planners and managers for the trucking industry is a real problem. The difficulties of experimentation in this field, together with some resistance to technological change, are two other related problems.This paper presents the work underway for the development of a motor freight carrier simulator which is intended to help in dealing with these problems.

Dans de nombreux pays, l'industrie du camionnage connaît des problèmes qui se conjuguent à des difficultés d'expérimentation en ce domaine ainsi qu'à une certaine résistance au changement technologique.L'article présente les travaux en cours concernant le développement d'un simulateur d'entreprises de transport routier de marchandises destiné à fournir une réponse à ces problèmes.
Mobility and new transport supplies: methodological proposals of approaches
Authors: Houée Michel
Published: August 2023

Relationship between mobility and new transport supply, whatever it is, local services or transeuropean networks, means for research community three main questions:- how to caracterize the scale of the supply modification from the user's viewpoint?- how to anticipate changes in demand in order to estimate the potential market?- how to reveal the behavioural mechanisms inducing such changes?In the following communication, the author suggests methodological tracks of answer based on three recent studies developed in OEST and respectively dealing with:- the setting up of a model analyzing the isolation of certain zones regarding business trips, which allows a measurement of the variation of supply quality through a set of accessibility indicators,- the use of trade-off analysis to study the potential market of regional express bus services according to different scenarios of supply,- the constitution of a European and multimodal before and after survey of the impact of North-European HST on mobility behaviour, for a typologic sample of zones served.

La relation entre mobilité et offre nouvelle, qu'il s'agisse de services de transports locaux ou de réseaux d'infrastructures transeuropéens, soulève pour le chercheur trois grands types de questions :- comment caractériser l'importance de la modification de l'offre du point de vue de l'usager ?- comment anticiper les évolutions de la demande pour estimer le marché potentiel ?- comment révéler les mécanismes comportementaux qui président à ces évolutions ?L'auteur propose dans la communication ci-après des pistes méthodologiques de réponse à ces questions à partir de trois recherches récemment développées à l'OEST sur, respectivement :- la mise au point d'un modèle d'analyse de l'enclavement pour les déplacements professionnels, permettant de mesurer la variation de qualité d'offre à travers un ensemble d'indicateurs d'accessibilité,- l'application de méthodes de révélation des préférences à l'étude de la clientèle potentielle de dessertes régionales express par autocar selon différentes configurations d'offre,- la constitution d'un dispositif communautaire et multimodal de suivi comportemental avant/après de l'impact du TGV Nord-Européen sur la mobilité, pour un échantillon typologique de zone desservies.
Market area of rail-road transshipment centers: pertinence of the spatial theory
Authors: Nierat Patrick
Published: August 2023

The comparison between two transportation means cannot be unaware of space. Road and rail-road combined networks deeply differ in the number of access points and the modal split is subordinate to the localization with regard to this access points.For freight, spatial theory allows us to compare an all road direct journey and a combined rail-road one. With drawing the market area of the transshipment centre, the theory define the places where each solution is the most competitive; it specifies which ingredients are necessary to make combined transport become a competitive offer.The market area of several transshipment centers bas been charted thanks to a survey. The results confirm the theoretical conclusions, in particular the link between the length of the rail transport leg of the journey and the width of the market area.

La comparaison des modes de transport ne peut ignorer l'espace. Les réseaux routier et ferroviaire se différencient fortement par le nombre de leurs points d'accès et le choix d'un mode dépend de la localisation par rapport à ces points.Pour le fret, la théorie spatiale permet de comparer le transport routier et le transport combiné rail-route. En traçant l'aire de marché des centres de transbordement rail-route, la théorie définit les lieux pour lesquels chaque solution est la plus compétitive ; elle montre quels ingrédients assurent la rentabilité de la technique combinée.L'aire de marché de plusieurs terminaux a été établie en interrogeant les transporteurs. Les résultats confirment les conclusions théoriques, notamment l'effet de la longueur du parcours ferroviaire sur l'étendue de l'aire de marché du centre de transbordement.
Can the pattern of the Northern High Speed Train be included in the "French models of public consultation" ?
Authors: Menerault Philippe
Published: August 2023

This paper leans on the J.M. Fourniau analysis regarding to the relationship between the decision making, the involvement and the sharing of power. It questions the J.M. Fourniau model from theoretical, heuristic and empirical point of views. Firstly, it shows that the thesis of J.M. Fourniau refers both to Pluralist and Corporatist theories of the state. Such a position reveals the interest of a global approach as the " policy networks " approach suggest it. Secondly, regarding to its too high level of aggregation, the heuristic dimension of the J.M. Fourniau model is critically examined. Thirdly, an empirical analysis of the oppositions against the TGV in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Region illustrates the great variety of situations. A typology based on the origin of the claims shows the great fragmentation of local system. But, one can show that all the oppositions refer to the " normal deviance " pattern.

Cet article s’appuie sur les travaux développés par J.M. Fourniau à propos du rapport entre décision-participation-partage du pouvoir. Il interroge la modélisation proposée par cet auteur d’un point de vue théorique, heuristique et empirique. Il montre d’abord que les thèses de J.M. Fourniau empruntent à la fois aux théories Pluraliste et Corporatiste de l’État et traduisent ainsi l’intérêt d’une approche globale en terme de " réseau de politique publique ". Ensuite, la dimension heuristique du modèle est critiquée en regard de son caractère trop agrégé pour fournir un cadre opératoire. Enfin, une analyse empirique menée à partir des revendications liées au TGV dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais illustre la diversité des oppositions générées par le projet dans leur type, leur durée et leur mode de régulation. Toutes s’inscrivent pourtant dans le cadre d’une " déviance normale " ne remettant jamais en cause le système de valeurs forgé autour de l’infrastructure nouvelle (modernité-ouverture européenne-développement économique).
Containerisation and the third-world through the example of the Compagnie Generale Maritime. 1965-1995
Authors: Frémont Antoine
Published: August 2023

Through the notion of maritime space, the aim is to show how containerisation has affected the countries of the third-world where its implementation was much slower than on East-West relations. Thus, the globalisation of the maritime space has marginalised developing countries. North-South relations belong to the periphery of the maritime space: they are dependent on its centre formed by a round-the-world flow of goods which links the poles of the Triad. A dynamic study of the strategies developed by shipowners is carried out from the example of the CGM.

A travers la notion d'espace maritime, l'objectif est ici de montrer comment la conteneurisation a affecté les pays du Tiers-Monde. La mise en place de la conteneurisation a été beaucoup plus lente que sur les axes majeurs Est-Ouest. La mondialisation de l'espace maritime aboutit à une marginalisation accrue des pays en voie de développement. Les axes Nord-Sud appartiennent aux périphéries de l'espace maritime. Ils dépendent de son centre, constitué par une artère circumterrestre de circulation des marchandises qui réunit les pôles de la Triade. L'exemple de la Compagnie Générale Maritime permet une approche dynamique des stratégies mises en oeuvre par les armements.