bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hans Raun Iversen, Grundtvig, folkekirke og mission
Authors: Pedersen Kim Arne
Published: September 2020

Hans Raun Iversen, Grundtvig, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark and missionReviewed by Kim Arne Pedersen
Grundtvig, dyden og kærligheden
Authors: Nyborg Ole
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig, dyden og kærligheden[Grundtvig, virtue and love]By Ole NyborgIn the writings and sermons of N. F. S. Grundtvig the concept of “virtue” is an important theme. However, its importance has been largely ignored in research on the theology of Grundtvig. Grundtvig’s scheme of virtue has important similarities with the biblical and also with the classical theory of virtue which we find in the works of Plato and Aristotle. The concept of virtue currently plays a prominent part in Neo-Aristotelian ethics and philosophy and the basic thinking of Grundtvig might be compared with this modem revitalization of classical virtue theory.In the sermons of Grundtvig in Vartov Church in the period 1839-1849, Christian love, righteousness, and goodness are understood through a general concept or scheme of virtue. The good fruits come from the good tree. No fruits of value can possibly come from a bad tree. The object of Christian learning and growth is to attain excellence or mastery of virtue. Acts of love are not a product of will-power or merely a result of individual decisionmaking.Acts of love come naturally from a certain inner virtuous character. Christ is the master of the Christian congregation which is a sort of “praxis” or community of learning. The quality of virtue is learned and acquired gradually in an intimate relationship and direct interaction with the living, active, and present master. A newcomer to this Christian congregation is like a small, powerless and incompetent child but in a process of learning and growth this child acquires virtue, knowledge, ability, motivation and competence in the community with the master or father of the true Christians. Because of the constant aggressiveness of the evil world outside, this learning and development can only be realized in a protected context behind the walls of this community, the “Wall of Paradise”.
Grundtvig på tysk, Schriften in Auswahl
Authors: Kjaer Jørgen
Published: September 2020

Grundvig in german, Writings in selectionBy Jørgen Kjaer
Publications on Grundtvig and Grundtvigianism available through Grundtvig-Selskabet, Vartov
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming , Holm Anders
Published: September 2020

Skrifter om Grundtvig udgivet af Grundtvig-Selskabet
Præsten og Loke. Grundtvigs apologetiske dialog i “Om Christendommens Sandhed”
Authors: Nørager Troels
Published: September 2020

Præsten og Loke: Grundtvigs apologetiske dialog i “Om Christendommens Sandhed”[The Pastor vs. Loke: Grundtvig ’s apologetic dialogue in his “On the truth of Christianity ”]By Troels NøragerDue to the fact that Grundtvig propagated a basically pre-modern conception of Christianity, apologetics constitute an integral part of his theological writings. So far, however, Grundtvig’s apologetic discourse (and its strategies) has not received the scholarly attention that it deserves. This article takes as its test case a rather lengthy (ca. 40 pages) dialogue, which Grundtvig inserted into his major apologetic work, “On the truth of Christianity”. The dialogue features a true Christian minister (Grundtvig himself) and his adversary, “Loke”, a representative of contemporary rationalist-deist Christianity. It is demonstrated how the themes of the dialogue cluster around the Apostolic Creed, thus reflecting Grundtvig’s theological turn dating from 1825. In particular, the focus is on Grundtvig’s pervasive (but, alas, less than persuasive) use of principium contradictionis as his major apologetic tool. It is demonstrated that there remains in Grundtvig an unresolved tension between the inherent epistemological nature of this principle and Grundtvig’s desire to employ it to bolster his own exclusively theological (and ontological) concept of truth.
Grundtvig-Selskabet af 8. september 1947: Årsberetning 2011
Authors: Balslev-Clausen Peter
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's companyBy Peter Balslev-Clausen
Grundtvig-Selskabet af 8. september 1947: Årsberetning 2012
Authors: Balslev-Clausen Peter
Published: September 2020

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Myten om Grundtvigs indflydelse på den danske folkeskole
Authors: Balle Thorstein Johannes
Published: September 2020

Myten om Grundtvigs indflydelse på den danske folkeskoleThorstein Johannes BalleThe Myth of Grundtvig’s Impact on the Danish Public SchoolIt is often said that the ideologies of N.F.S. Grundtvig deeply impacted the development of Danish society and the identities of Danish people. This article deals with a specific part of Grundtvig’s thinking and how it affected the formation of the Danish public school (the so-called “folkeskole”) which figures into societal and individual notions of Danishness. By interviewing twenty influential figures who have had central roles in discussions about the Danish school, the author observes that conceptions of—rather than facts about—Grundtvig’s ideas and their influence come to dominate. The author proposes that these conceptions might be thought of collectively as a “myth” because they are based on a pre-understanding or ideological tendency that rules society, rather than any direct knowledge about Grundtvig, his thoughts, or his writings. The author discusses the power of this myth and the role it plays in how the school leaders and members see its role and function in society. His conclusion is that the myth of Grundtvig’s impact on the development and daily life of the Danish folkeskole has a greater impact on the development and daily life of the Danish folkeskole than Grundtvig’s actual ideas, as recorded in his writings.
Anmeldelse
Authors: Wright Geoffrey A.
Published: September 2020

Building the Nation
A Few More Words about Beowulf
Authors: Busbee Mark Bradshaw
Published: September 2020

In September of 1815, Grundtvig published his second article about Beowulf,“Nok et Par Ord om Bjovulfs Drape” [A Few More Words about the HeroicPoem of Beowulf] in Nyeste Skilderie af Kjøbenhavn [The Latest Scenes ofCopenhagen].iThe article was intended to end once and for all the literary feudthat had developed between him, Grímur Jónson Thorkelin, who had publishedthe first modern edition of Beowulf, and Peter Erasmus Müller, who had anonymously reviewed the edition.iiThe article is notable for two main reasons: first, itreveals Grundtvig far ahead of his contemporaries as a scholar of the poem and,second, it displays in full Grundtvig’s aggressive tone when in the heat of debate.
Tre registre over Grundtvigs gendigtninger af Brorson
Authors: Auken Sune , Damsgaard Johan
Published: September 2020

Tre registre
Grundtvig’s I Kveld : Reflections of an Anglo-Saxonist
Authors: Bradley S. A. J.
Published: September 2020

Grundtvigs I Kveld: Nogle overvejelser fra et angelsaksisk perspektivMed henblik på udgivelse i første bind af Sang-Værk til den Danske Kirke(1837) skrev Grundtvig en række digte, der var inspireret af emner, tankerog udtryksformer anvendt af digtere fra den tidlige middelalder inden forden angelsaksiske kirke. Denne indoptagelse af en stemme fra den angelsaksiskekristenhed var udsprunget af hans grundlæggende ønske om atillustrere den kristne kirkes katolicitet (universalitet). Samtidigt opnåedehan at skænke den danske kirke et stort antal salmer, der kunne udtrykkedenne universelle virkelighed, inden for hvilken også den danske kirkehavde sin egen helt særlige rolle.Tre af disse angelsaksiske tekster og Grundtvigs brug af dem kommenteresher på grundlag af angelsaksiske studier. Formålet er at identificere ogvurdere nogle af de sammenhænge, hvor Grundtvig fra oldkirkelige kilderikke alene øser inspiration og vejledning til gavn for samtidens menighed,men også gives våben i hænde til at fastholde et markant særstandpunkt isit aktuelle teologiske, liturgiske og kirkepolitiske opgør.De tre danske tekster, der var inspireret af angelsaksisk digtning, er IKveld blev der banket paa Helvedes Port, Kommer Sjæle, dyrekiøbte og Himmel-Farten saae i Løn / Salomon, Kong Davids Søn. En ny metrisk, urimetengelsk oversættelse af I Kveld bliver her fremlagt ledsaget af nogle nødvendigekommentarer. Herunder inddrages Grundtvigs forhold til hansvigtigste litterære kilde, det apokryfe Nicodemus-Evangelium. Nogle afde vigtigste og mest afgørende emner drøftes særlig udførligt, herunderGrundtvigs behandling af Eva-skikkelsen.Endvidere inddrages Grundtvigs vedholdende og i samtiden omdiskuteredesammenkædning af Kristi nedstigning til helvede og derpå følgendehimmelfart. Denne sammenkædning spiller også en væsentlig rolle i K.E.Bugges redegørelse.
English summaries/danske resuméer
Authors: Holm Jette , Auken Sune , Damsgaard Johan , Bugge K.E. , Bradley S. A. J.
Published: September 2020

English summaries of Danish- and German-language articles /danske resuméer af engelsk- og tysksprogede artikler
Anmeldelser: Solen ved Midnat
Authors: Kondrup Johnny
Published: September 2020

Uffe Jonas: Solen ved Midnat. Grundtvigs Sang til Kosmos. Uden udgivelsessted,men trykt i Litauen. Udgivet af forlaget GrundtvigNU 2015. 735 sider, 469 kr.
Om udgaven Grundtvigs Værker. Fremtid, muligheder og udfordringer
Authors: Nielsen Klaus
Published: September 2020

Den igangværende digitale udgave Grundtvigs Værker (www.grundtvigsværker.dk eller www.grundtvigsvaerker.dk) skal indtil 2030 udgive N.F.S. Grundtvigstrykte forfatterskab i tekstkritisk etableret og digital form. Materialet – omtrent37.000 tryksider fordelt på 1.000 værker – forsynes med kommentarer af forskelligslags samt faksimiler af de tilgrundliggende førsteudgaver. Udgivelsesprojektethar i skrivende stund udgivet 32 % af det samlede korpus svarendetil ca. 12.000 sider. I sidste nummer af Grundtvig-Studier bragtes en præsentationaf udgaven: dens opbygning, sigte og retningslinjer belyst ud fra eksemplersamt en status for arbejdets fremdrift. I denne artikel rettes blikket fremad for atundersøge, hvilke potentialer for læsere og brugere en digital udgave medfører:avancerede søgemuligheder, korpusanalyser, digital kollationering, samt hvilkeudfordringer især for udgavens bevaring det digitale medie indebærer.
Anmeldelser: To nye Grundtvig-introduktioner
Authors: Adamsen Johannes
Published: September 2020

Anders Holm, Grundtvig. En introduktion, Filo 2018, 256 s., 199 kr; Ove Korsgaard,Grundtvig rundt. En guide. Gyldendal 2018, 303 s., 249 kr.
Lundbyes Grundtvig-tegning
Authors: Bugge K.E. , Yde Henrik
Published: September 2020

Johannes Thomas Lundbye
Grundtvigs vej til de Norrøne skrifter
Authors: Albeck Gustav
Published: September 2020

How Grundtvig Found His Way to the leelandie Manuseripts .By  Gustav Albeek.In his hook  "Grundtvig som filolog" Helge Toldberg has suggested that Grundtvig found his way indepently to the old Nothern (Icelandic) language, and it was he who led the friend of his youth, P. N. Skovgaard, to the old Northem litterature, these important sources of  the history  and mythology of  the Ancient North.This is, however, in conflict with what Grundtvig him self says of his re­lations with Skovgaard, as he depicts them at different periods in his life. An analysis of the contemporary source material,  and  chiefly  of  Grundt­ vig's diaries and !etters, also shows that Toldherg's thesis is incorrect.  In  his youth  Grundtvig  was  not  interested  in  the  study  of  sources. He  was  simply seeking material for his poetry and his mythological speculations, and was getting advice all the time from Skovgaard, who knew much more about the subject. Only gradually did Grundtvig find himself forced into taking up a real study of the sources and learning Old lcelandic. During his last year on Langeland - 1807-8 - he became aware -thanks again to Skovgaard - of the necessity of studying the Mss. In conseqvence of the war with England, these could not be sent to Langeland. Grundtvig's departure from the island in April, 1808, was therefore also hastened by his growing desire to get to work on the study of the ancient Mss. in Copenhagen. Skovgaard, however , having come under the ban of the litterary Censorship, had to give up his studies and leave Cophenhagen, while his pupil, Grundtvig, was able to con­ tinue his studies and win himself international fame for his studies of manu­ script sources (especially his work on Beawulf).
Jens Futtrup: Jens Kristian Madsen, seminarieforstander og sognepræst i Jelling
Authors: Høirup Henning
Published: September 2020

Jens Futtrup: Jens Kristian Madsen, Principal of teacher's college and Parish Priest
Søren Holm: Mythe og kult i Grundtvigs salmedigtning
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Søren Holm: Myths and Cult in Grundtvigs Hymns. 1955. By Steen Johansen. Grundtvig’s hymns are distinguished from most other hymn-writing by a much stronger poetic grasp of the religious subject-matter: the discription of Christ’s birth, of His work, His death, His resurrection, etc. This recreation of the religious life and of the sacred acts of the Church Service in his hymns is so powerful that many have called Grundtvig’s hymns “ cult-hymns” and have compared his Christianity, as it is expressed in his hymns, with the cults of the old pre-Christian national religions, whose world philosophy demands a mythology, and whose centre is a mystic action. In these religions the practicing of the cult means the repetition of the mystic action, whereby those who partake in it obtain strength and renewal for their daily life. — Søren Holm seeks to show that this also applies to Grundtvig. But the reviewer considers that Søren Holm has gone a little too far in his attempts to do this. Grundtvig’s world philosophy is not mythological like that of the old national religions, but Biblical, even if Søren Holm wishes to include Christianity and the old national religions in the same classification as mythological. More interesting is his attempt to show the elements of cult in the hymns. Such elements undoubtedly exist. But it is debatable whether they are so pronounced as to overstep the bounds of what is Christian. Søren Holm, however, has no doubt that this is the case.
Søren Holm: Grundtvig und Kierkegaard. Parallelen und kontraste
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Søren Holm: Grundtvig and Kierkegaard. Parallel and Contrast. Copenhagen and Tübingen, 1956, 102 pages. By Steen Johansen. This book attempts to give a brief account of the resemblances and the differences between the views of Christianity and of life adopted by Søren Kierkegaard and N. F. S. Grundtvig. It is a vast and difficult subject, which really demands a complete mastery of the ideas and the writings of both the two great Danish religious reformers. One cannot maintain that the author possesses these qualities to a sufficient extent, and the book may therefore be best regarded as a brilliant introduction to the subject. The author seeks to show, among other things, that Grundtvig as a Christian was a genuine dualist. But this is only a half-truth. Grundtvig’s bright, “joyful” Christianity does not bear the stamp of true dualism. — Much that is true is said about Grundtvig’s community-Christianity and Kierkegaard’s personal Christianity, but one cannot expect to find any new conclusions here. The best written sections is the one on contrasts, where the picture is presented with more restraint than in the rest of the book.
Vartovbogen 1955 - og Julebogen 1955
Authors: Høirup Henning
Published: September 2020

The "Vartov" Book, 1955- and The Christmas Book, 1955By Henning Høirup
La féminité naturelle de la presse mindstyle : entre essentialisation et resignification des savoirs féminins
Authors: Geers Alexis
Published: September 2020

La presse féminine françaisemindstylerevendique un idéal alternatif, la vie au ralenti (slow life), qui prône un ralentissement du mode de vie, plus respectueux de l’environnement, de l’humain, détaché du tout industriel. Ce discours de rupture proposé par les rédactions de cette presse est incarné par une « féminité naturelle » et fondé sur un bricolage idéologique associant écologie et remise en question de la société industrielle avec des formes de féminismes, essentialiste et écoféministe notamment. Il dessine un modèle de genre pour les femmes des classes moyennes et supérieures qui investissent leur féminité d’un rôle politique.
De la normalisation de la présence féminine à la mise en marché de la féminité : le cas des journalistes sportives québécoises
Authors: St-Pierre Marilou
Published: September 2020

L’auteure explore les trois vagues de journalistes sportives qui ont marqué le Québec de 1970 à 2015. Ces vagues et leurs caractéristiques permettent de voir émerger pendant cette période un phénomène de normalisation de la présence des femmes, phénomène qui n’engendre toutefois pas une levée des rapports de pouvoir genrés. A contrario, cette normalisation, qui deviendra mise en marché d’une féminité normative, participera plutôt au renforcement de stéréotypes de genre et de la binarité au sein du champ de la médiatisation sportive.
Acidente por picada de abelha africanizada em dois equinos
Authors: Smaha de Jesus Lima Joana Cristina , Martins Monique Togni , Ricci Catalano Francisco Augusto
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as alterações clínicas, anatomopatológicas e tratamento de dois equinos que sofreram múltiplas ferroadas de abelhas africanizadas. Duas éguas, uma Quarto de Milha (pelagem Baio Amarilho) e outra mestiça (pelagem Tobiano), ambas pesando aproximadamente 400 kg, sofreram um ataque por abelhas na área rural da cidade de Campo Mourão, Paraná, sul do Brasil. Os animais apresentavam múltiplos ferrões distribuídos pelo corpo, ambos tiveram edema de face, salivação, dispneia, incoordenação motora, nistagmo (égua tobiano) e mudanças no nível de consciência. No tratamento inicial foi realizada fluidoterapia com solução de ringer lactato e administrado prometazina, dexametazona e dimetilsulfóxido. As éguas responderam ao tratamento inicial revertendo o quadro neurológico cinco horas após o início do tratamento, porém a égua mais ferroada veio a óbito em 12 horas. Na necropsia, o fígado ao corte apresentava coloração amarelo dourada e o rim estava acentuadamente vermelho escuro com pontos enegrecidos no córtex renal. A laringe apresentava edema difuso acentuado de glote. O encéfalo apresentava avermelhamento difuso acentuado com achatamento dorso ventral das circunvoluções. No exame histopatológico, as lesões mais marcantes foram nos rins. O diagnóstico de crise hemolítica de origem tóxica e de intoxicação histamínica de ambos os animais foi baseado nos ferrões encontrados na pele dos animais, associados aos sinais clínicos e achados post mortem no equino que veio a óbito.
Possible Solutions for Long-standing Problems Involving Old English Nominal Forms
Authors: White David L.
Published: September 2020

Solutions are presented, most involving Celtic influences in West Germanic (WG) dur- ing the ancient period, for some long-standing problems involving nominal forms. The M N-SG forms of /n/-stems in WG may be seen as due to loss of /-n/ (in analogical /-ͻͻn/) having happened after shortening. Apparent replacement of the F G-SG by the D-SG in WG may be seen as due to the D-SG of the F personal pronoun being employed, in “external possession”, as a kind of indirect reflexive, after /siin-/ became limited (for reasons connected with Celtic influence) to M SG meaning. This case has analogues in Romance. Final /-s/ in the A-PL of M /a/-stems may be seen as due to Celtic influence causing /-nz/ to be replaced by /-ns/.
Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances the learning of cue-reward contingency
Authors: Crouse Richard B , Kim Kristen , Batchelor Hannah M , Girardi Eric M , Kamaletdinova Rufina , Chan Justin , Rajebhosale Prithviraj , Pittenger Steven T , Role Lorna W , Talmage David A , Jing Miao , Li Yulong , Gao Xiao-Bing , Mineur Yann S , Picciotto Marina R
Published: September 2020

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and activity of neurons expressing CaMKIIα (a marker for glutamatergic principal cells) in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. BLA CaMKIIα neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive cue after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to a quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.
Reindeer fidelity to high quality winter pastures outcompete power line barrier effects
Authors: Reimers Eigil , Eftestøl Sindre , Tsegaye Diress , Granum Knut
Published: September 2020

We investigated barrier effects of a 66 kV power line established in 1966 before and after the line was upgraded to 132 kV in 2004 over a period of 44 years (1974-2017) in the North Ottadalen wild reindeer area (3245 km2) of  which 1038 km2 are in use as winter pastures. The power line transects a peninsula (135 km2) with high quality winter pastures in the southeast periphery. The reindeer population originated from a nucleus herd of 402 animals of domestic origin released in the area in 1964-1965 and 100 resident wild animals. Yearly winter survey started in 1974 and reindeer were first surveyed south of the 66 kV power line in 1982. Comparing the number of animals recorded in the peninsula vs. the number of individuals expected relative to available grazing area during the three periods (1974-2004, 1982-2004 and 2005-2017), the number of animals recorded in the peninsula was 3.6–4.9 times higher than expected. Since the upgrade of the power line, a substantial part of the reindeer population grazed in the peninsula every year. We therefore conclude that there was no long-term barrier effect from the original power line and no barrier effects at all from the upgrade. However, during the first 5 surveys of this study, there were no animals in the peninsula. Therefore, even if there are several possible reasons for this, we cannot exclude the possibility of short-term barrier effects resulting from the construction of the original power line. Our results support recent studies that report no effects from existing power lines and contrast some previous findings that have reported strong long-term barrier and avoidance effects of such infrastructure for Rangifer migration and grazing behaviour.
Different responses of plant N and P resorption to overgrazing in three dominant species in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Zhen , Jimoh Saheed Olaide , Li Xiliang , Ji Baoming , Struik Paul C. , Sun Shixian , Lei Ji , Ding Yong , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2020

Nutrient resorption from senesced leaves is an important mechanism for nutrient conservation in plants. However, little is known about the effect of grazing on plant nutrient resorption from senesced leaves, especially in semiarid ecosystems. Here, we evaluated the effects of grazing on N and P resorption in the three most dominant grass species in a typical steppe in northern China. We identified the key pathways of grazing-induced effects on N and P resorption efficiency. Grazing increased N and P concentrations in the green leaves ofLeymus chinensisandStipa grandisbut not inCleistogenes squarossa. BothL. chinensisandS. grandisexhibited an increasing trend of leaf N resorption, whereasC. squarrosarecorded a decline in both leaf N and P resorption efficiency under grazing. Structural equation models showed that grazing is the primary driver of the changes in N resorption efficiency of the three dominant grass species. ForL. chinensis, the P concentration in green and senesced leaves increased the P resorption efficiency, whereas the senesced leaf P concentration played an important role in the P resorption efficiency ofC. squarrosa. Grazing directly drove the change in P resorption efficiency ofS. grandis. Our results suggest that large variations in nutrient resorption patterns among plant species depend on leaf nutritional status and nutrient-use strategies under overgrazing, and indicate that overgrazing may have indirect effects on plant-mediated nutrient cycling via inducing shifts in the dominance of the three plant species.
Radiolarian assemblages in the shelf area of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea and their ecological indication of the Kuroshio Current derivative branches
Authors: Qu Hanxue , Xu Yong , Wang Jinbao , Li Xin-Zheng
Published: September 2020

We analyzed the radiolarian assemblages of 59 surface sediment samples collected from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea of the northwestern Pacific. In the study region, the Kuroshio Current and its derivative branches exerted a crucial impact on radiolarian composition and distribution. Radiolarians in the Yellow Sea shelf showed a quite low abundance as no tests were found in 15 of 25 Yellow Sea samples. Radiolarians in the East China Sea shelf could be divided into three regional groups: the East China Sea north region group, the East China Sea middle region group, and the East China Sea south region group. The results of the redundancy analysis suggested that the Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Surface Salinity were primary environmental variables explaining species-environment relationship. The gradients of temperature, salinity, and species diversity reflect the powerful influence of the Kuroshio Current in the study area.
Effects of continous cropping and NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) grown on soils from different management systems
Authors: Omoregie Anthony Uhunomwan , Areghan K. , Nwajei Sunday Ebonka
Published: September 2020

Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of continuous cropping and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) grown on soils from different management systems. The investigations were carried out in two parts. The first dealt with the effect of continuous cropping while the other focused on the effect of NPK fertilizer on cowpea. Representative soil samples were obtained at 0-15 cm depth from land which had been continuously cropped, under forest tree fallow, and secondary bush fallow. These were bulked, processed, and analyzed. Six (6) kg of each type of soil were weighed into 25 x 22 cm polybag of 500 gauge. The continuous cropping experiment involved three cropping cycles of 35days each of cowpea on the same soils from 3 cropping systems. In the second experiment, a 2 x 3 factorial involving 2 levels of fertilizers (0, 40 kg NPK/ha) and 3 sources of soil were carried out to test their effects on cowpea. The growth parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves/plant and number of branches/plant. Number of nodules/plant, number of pods/plant, dry matter and grain yield were also estimated. Successive cropping of soils significantly reduced cowpea growth. Cowpea plants grown on soils from continuously cropped land had the least growth performance. Number of nodules/plant increased with successive cropping. Higher dry matter yield was obtained from the continuously cropped land. A significant (r = +0.55) positive correlation was found between soil P and dry matter yield of cowpea. NPK fertilization had only significant effect on plant height at 10 WAP but not on other growth parameters measured. The highest grain yield was obtained from unfertilized secondary bush fallow soil. Sources of soil (soil management system) had significant effect on some of the agronomic characters of cowpea.
Явление арктического усиления и его движущие механизмы, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Латонин М.М. , Башмачников И.Л. , Бобылёв Л.П.
Published: September 2020

Представлен научный обзор одной из важнейших особенностей глобальной климатической системы - арктического усиления: более высокая скорость изменения приземной температуры воздуха в Арктическом регионе по сравнению с Северным полушарием или глобальным средним. Арктическое усиление является региональным проявлением более общего явления - полярного усиления. Однако антарктическое усиление значительно слабее арктического. Основными механизмами, определяющими арктическое усиление, являются различные климатические обратные связи, работающие по-разному в разных широтах, и перенос тепла к полюсу, вызванный атмосферной и океанической циркуляцией. Современные научные результаты в основном продемонстрировали относительную роль различных климатических обратных связей в формировании арктического усиления. От более важных к менее важным - это обратная связь вертикального градиента температуры, обратная связь Планка и альбедо поверхности. Однако некоторые другие возможные механизмы остаются малоизученными. В частности, вклад изменяющегося во времени меридионального переноса тепла довольно неясен. Более того, меридиональная адвекция тепла атмосферой и океаном может играть существенную роль в наблюдаемых изменениях интенсивности арктического усиления на разных временных масштабах.
Bio-efficacy of Pre-emergent Herbicides for Weed Control in Maize: A Review on Weed Dynamics Evaluation
Authors: Iqbal Sadaf , Tahir Sheikh , Dass Anchal , Bhat M. A. , Rashid Zahida
Published: September 2020

Maize has high yield potential due to its C4 metabolism and physiological characteristics; however, the excessive occurrence of weeds in maize field limits the full expression of the yield potential of this crop. Weeds constitute one of the major economically important problems for maize growers and if not uncontrolled, it can reduce its yield up to 86 per cent. The magnitude of losses largely depends upon the composition of weed flora, period of crop-weed competition and its intensity. In order to realize the yield potential of maize, weed management becomes indispensable. Describing the various aspects of the topic, especially the influence of using pre-emergent use of herbicides on associated weeds revealed that the use of atrazine and pendimetheline are highly important component of today’s weed management systems for maize with higher weed control efficiency, lowest weed density and dry weight. Atrazin @ 1.2 kg active ingredient per ha and pendimmethline @ 1.0 a.i. kg per ha are important in reducing weed emergence in early growth stages of maize.
Performance Simulation of Ipomoea involucrata Dye Extracts for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Boyo A. O. , Oseni O. S. , Ibrahim O. A. , Kesinro R. O. , Akingbade F. S. , Oladepo A. M. , Okafor P. , Abiola A. O.
Published: September 2020

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using crude and purified extracts from Ipomoea involucrata leaves and flowers. The crude extract was obtained using a solvent system based on the combination of distilled water, ethanol and nitric acid. Furthermore, the purified extract comprising anthocyanins was obtained from the crude extracts. In order to study, the effectiveness of the dye, optical and electrical characteristics was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and solar simulator respectively. The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.00412% and 0.00234% was obtained for crude and purified extracts respectively. Also, optical absorbance examined indicate similar absorption pattern for the crude extracts as well as purified extracts. A distinctive peak between 500 and 550 nm was observed for the crude flower extract. The widespread availability of these plants and ease of extraction of the extracts make them useful as absorbers in DSSCs. Consequently, simulation to determine the performance of the extracts was established using MATLAB.
Layered and Heterostructured Pd/PdWCr Sheet‐Assembled Nanoflowers as Highly Active and Stable Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lian Ying , Wang Fengqian , Wang Shuo , Huang Haowei , Meng Xiaomin , Ouyang Yirui , Yuan Weiyong , Guo Chun Xian , Li Chang Ming
Published: September 2020

Unique layered and heterostructured Pd/PdWCr nanosheet‐assembled flowers (L‐Pd/PdWCr) are successfully synthesized, resulting in the most negative onset potential (up to −0.174 V vs SCE) for formic acid oxidation among all reported Pd‐based electrocatalysts. It has 4.3‐times higher catalytic peak current density and better stability than that of the commercial Pd/C. The catalytic enhancement mechanism is mainly due to the synergetic effect of the layered and heterostructures of the Pd/PdWCr nanosheet. The W‐ and Cr‐tailored Pd/PdWCr heterostructures optimize the electronic structure of Pd with suitable binding energy to reduce the charge‐transfer resistance. Moreover, the layered nanosheet‐assembled flowers provide easily accessible large surface area and rapid mass transport path. The great stability can be attributed to the reduced total free energy resulting from the layered structure and the highly stable structure formed by the cross‐linked flower skeleton and suppressed Pd dissolution with W and Cr. This work provides an inexpensive, highly active, and stable anode electrocatalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells while demonstrating a method to synthesize layer‐structured metal alloy catalysts.
Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaics Enhanced Using Organic Passivation Layer Vacuum Deposition
Authors: Lee Byongkyu , Jeong Seonghun , Cho Yongjoon , Jeong Mingyu , Lee Sang Myeon , Oh Jiyeon , Yang Changduk
Published: September 2020

Despite the tremendous development of various high‐performing photoactive layers in organic photovoltaic (OPVs) cells, improving their performance remains the most important challenge in the field. Here, an effective and compatible strategy (i.e., the concept of vacuum deposition of an organic passivation layer (OPL) on the photoactive layer) is presented to enhance the efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art photoactive systems, where easy‐deposition processable T2‐ORH and T2‐CNORH OPLs are used. After the deposition process, T2‐ORH forms 2D‐like edge‐on crystalline structure, and the 3D‐like face‐on crystalline growth is induced in T2‐CNORH. Resulting from its relatively higher crystalline features and increased wettability with the cathode interfacial material, the performance of T2‐CNORH‐deposited OPVs with both small and the scaled‐up areas surpass devices without OPL and with T2‐ORH. Experimental studies are conducted linking conductivity, electroluminescence quantum efficiency, carrier transport, and recombination dynamics to find the reasons for the performance difference. Furthermore, by applying the T2‐CNORH to other photoactive platforms, the efficiencies are enhanced by 4.4–9.0% relative to those of the corresponding control devices; an optimal 16.4% efficiency is achieved, which validates its great applicability for photoactive layers that will be developed in the near future.
Harvest management and genotype effects on sunn hemp forage characteristics
Authors: Garzon Jaime , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Silveira Maria L. , Moriel Philipe , da Silva Hiran M. S. , Dubeux Jose Carlos B. , Kaneko Makoto , Carnelos Caio C. , Mamede Pedro A.
Published: September 2020

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an annual legume widely used as cover crop; however, there is potential to use it as forage. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage characteristics of five sunn hemp genotypes (herbage accumulation, nutritive value, N fixation, and nematode control), and beef heifer responses (intake and digestibility) to sunn hemp dietary inclusion. Two experiments were conducted at Ona, FL in 2016 and 2017. In Experiment 1, treatments were the factorial arrangement of five sunn hemp genotypes (AU Golden, Crescent Sunn, Ubon, Blue Leaf and Red Mini) and two harvesting time (60 d after seeding or flowering) in a randomized complete block design. In Experiment 2, treatments were 100% sun hemp hay, 50% sunn hemp–50% bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] hay, or 100% bermudagrass hay diets distributed in a completely randomized design. In Experiment 1, Crescent Sunn had the greatest herbage accumulation [15.2 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1], N fixation (81 kg N ha−1), and nematode control (80% reduction). AU Golden had the greatest crude protein concentration at 60 d after seeding and flowering (155 and 162 g kg−1, respectively). In Experiment 2, increasing the proportion of sunn hemp in the diet decreased total forage DM intake (1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 as a % bodyweight with 0, 50, and 100% sunn hemp inclusion). Sunn hemp harvested 60 d after seeding is adequate to meet the nutritional requirements of most beef cattle categories but the genotype choice affects herbage accumulation and nutritive value.
Pathogenic variant in NFIX gene affecting three sisters due to paternal mosaicism
Authors: Sihombing Nydia Rena Benita , Winarni Tri Indah , van Bokhoven Hans , van der Burgt Ineke , de Leeuw Nicole , Faradz Sultana M. H.
Published: September 2020

We present a family with three girls presenting similar dysmorphic features, including overgrowth, intellectual disability, macrocephaly, prominent forehead, midface retrusion, strabismus, and scoliosis. Both parents were unaffected, suggesting the presence of an autosomal recessive syndrome. Following exome sequencing, a heterozygous nonsense variant was identified in the NFIX gene in all three siblings. The father appeared to have a low‐grade (7%) mosaicism for this variant in his blood. Previously, de novo pathogenic variants in NFIX have been identified in Marshall–Smith syndrome and Malan syndrome, which share distinctive phenotypic features shared with the patients of the present family. This case emphasizes the importance of further molecular analysis especially in familial cases, to exclude the possibility of parental mosaicism.
Primate and wildlife law outreach campaigns in the Republic of Congo: Assessing knowledge gain of school children in urban centers compared to rural villages
Authors: Breuer Thomas , Londza Yves , Mavinga Franck B.
Published: September 2020

Primate populations are declining throughout tropical Africa. Great apes are threatened from extinction despite the existence of wildlife laws that fully protect them in their range states. But, due to a lack of knowledge and understanding of these laws, they remain largely ineffective. There is, therefore, a crucial need to improve awareness of wildlife laws in Congo. We conducted an education campaign and tested the effectiveness of two communication tools (wildlife law flyer and gorilla/pet‐trade comic book) in increasing school children's knowledge in rural and urban settings using evaluation questionnaires. We found extremely low precampaign knowledge of wildlife laws but detected a moderate increase of knowledge attributed to our communication tools. We discuss the usefulness of different communication tools and their relevance for knowledge increase with different audiences. Our study provides insights into the design of education campaigns, most notably the use of flyers and booklets, which can help to increase knowledge. Evaluations can help to improve the design of education campaigns, particularly message wording and identification of appropriate communication tools with the goal of improving compliance with wildlife laws.
Restoring wetland biodiversity using research: Whole‐community facilitation by beaver as framework
Authors: Nummi Petri , Holopainen Sari
Published: September 2020

Wetlands are declining worldwide, and there is a great need for their restoration and creation. One natural agent of wetland engineering is beavers, Castor spp., which have returned or are returning to many parts of their former range.

We initially studied the facilitative effect of the beaver Castor canadensis on a waterbird community consisting of three waders and four ducks in boreal wetlands in southern Finland. Both waterbird species diversity and abundance increased when beavers impounded a pond. Common teal Anas crecca and green sandpiper Tringa ochropus were the species showing the most positive numerical response, but the other five species also increased upon flooding.

This article evaluates how the results of the study have been used in management, both in theory and practice. The whole‐community facilitation concept has been taken up in numerous articles considering the restorative effects of beavers. It has also been used as ecological background when planning and executing man‐made wetland projects in Finland within both the public and the private sectors.

Our study and its publication in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems have set a foundation for further evidence‐based management of waterbird communities. As the results show, having beavers as wetland managers is a feasible tool for creating and restoring wetlands for waterbirds and other biota. Moreover, wetland restoration projects are becoming more popular endeavours, owing to an understanding of the diverse benefits of wetlands. Flooding by beavers is used as a model for managers when creating man‐made wetlands; for example, in urban areas where it is difficult to maintain beavers.
Short‐Term Memory Span and Cross‐Modality Integration in Younger and Older Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ring Melanie , Guillery‐Girard Bérengère , Quinette Peggy , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Bowler Dermot M.
Published: September 2020

This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age‐related differences in short‐term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long‐term memory (LTM). Fifty‐three adults with ASD (age range: 25–65 years) were compared to 52 age‐, biological sex‐, and intelligence‐matched typically developing (TD; age range: 21–67 years) adults on three STM span tasks, which tested STM performance for letters (Verbal), grid locations (Visuospatial), or letters in grid locations (Multimodal). A subsample of 34 TD and 33 ASD participants ranging in age from 25 to 64 years completed a fourth Multimodal Integration task. We also administered theColor Trails Testas a measure of executive function. ASD participants' accuracy was lower than that of the TD participants on the three span tasks (Cohen'sd: 0.26–0.50). The Integration task difference was marginally significant (p= .07) but had a moderate effect size (Cohen'sd= 0.50). Regression analyses confirmed reduced STM performance only for older TD participants. Analyses also indicated that executive processes played a greater role in the ASD group's performance. The demonstration of similar difficulties and age‐related patterning of STM in ASD to those documented for LTM and the greater recruitment of executive processes by older ASD participants on the Integration task suggest a compensatory role of frontal processes both as a means of achieving undiminished task performance and as a possible protection against older age cognitive decline in ASD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this.Autism Res2020, 13: 1970‐1984. © 2020 The Authors.Autism Researchpublished by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Lay Summary

Little is known about short‐term memory (STM) in younger and older adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tested different kinds of STM and showed that ASD adults remembered shorter sequences of letters, crosses, or letters in grid cells less well than matched participants with typical development. However, older ASD individuals performed similarly to younger ASD individuals, nor showing the reduction in performance usually seen with older age. The data suggest that ASD individuals use different underlying mechanisms when performing the tasks and that this might help protect their memory as they grow older.
The clinical value and potential molecular mechanism of the downregulation of MAOA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Authors: Pang Yu‐Yan , Li Jian‐Di , Gao Li , Yang Xia , Dang Yi‐Wu , Lai Ze‐Feng , Liu Li‐Min , Yang Jie , Wu Hua‐Yu , He Rong‐Quan , Huang Zhi‐Guang , Xiong Dan‐Dan , Yang Li‐Hua , Shi Lin , Mo Wei‐Jia , Tang Deng , Lu Hui‐Ping , Chen Gang
Published: September 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and tends to be detected at an advanced stage. More effective biomarkers for HCC screening and prognosis assessment are needed and the mechanisms of HCC require further exploration. The role of MAOA in HCC has not been intensively investigated.

Methods

In‐house tissue microarrays, genechips, and RNAsequencing datasets were integrated to explore the expression status and the clinical value of MAOA in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to determine MAOA protein expression. Intersection genes of MAOA related co‐expressed genes and differentially expressed genes were obtained to perform functional enrichment analyses. In vivo experiment was conducted to study the impact of traditional Chinese medicine nitidine chloride (NC) on MAOA in HCC.

Results

MAOA was downregulated and possessed an excellent discriminatory capability in HCC patients. Decreased MAOA correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Downregulated MAOA protein was relevant to an advanced TNM stage in HCC patients. Co‐expressed genes that positively related to MAOA were clustered in chemical carcinogenesis, where CYP2E1 was identified as the hub gene. In vivo experiment showed that nitidine chloride significantly upregulated MAOA in a nude mouse HCC model.

Conclusions

A decreased MAOA level is not only correlated with aggressive behaviors in males but also serves as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients. Moreover, MAOA may play a role in AFB1 toxic transformation through its synergistic action with co‐expressed genes, especially CYP3A4. MAOA also serves as a potential therapy target of NC in HCC patients.
Identification through education: Exploring the effects of adult education on national and ethnic identification of people with migration background in Germany
Authors: Granderath Julia S. , Martin Andreas , Froehlich Laura , Stürmer Stefan
Published: September 2020

Education is often targeted as a key resource for integration of people with migration background. A silent assumption in many discussions is that beyond formal education, adult learning and education (ALE) also fosters integration, especially higher psychological identification with the receiving society. Still, empirical evidence testing this assumption is rare. To address this issue, the present study investigates the effect of ALE participation on national and ethnic identification of people with migration background in a longitudinal design. The study uses data from the adult starting cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study with a sample size of N = 799 individuals. Structural equation model consisting of true intra‐individual change models and a general propensity score are applied. We find no significant effect of ALE participation on neither national identification nor ethnic identification. However, we find a significant positive association between a change in national identification and a change in ethnic identification over time: An increase in national identification over time is associated with an increase in ethnic identification over time, supporting the idea of the integration strategy being pursued in Germany.