bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parentage‐based tagging combined with genetic stock identification is a cost‐effective and viable replacement for coded‐wire tagging in large‐scale assessments of marine Chinook salmon fisheries in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Wallace Colin G. , Jonsen Kim , McIntosh Brenda , Candy John R. , Horst Katherine , Lynch Cheryl , Willis David , Luedke Wilf , Kearey Lee , Rondeau Eric B.
Published: February 2021

Wild Pacific salmon, including Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest, mitigation for hydroelectric development, and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision‐making. For policy implementation, a new approach to the assessment and management of Chinook salmon and the associated hatchery production and fisheries management are needed. Implementation of genetic stock identification (GSI) and parentage‐based tagging (PBT) for marine fisheries assessment may overcome problems associated with coded‐wire tag‐based (CWT) assessment and management of Chinook salmon fisheries, providing at a minimum information equivalent to that derived from the CWT program. GSI and PBT were used to identify Chinook salmon sampled in 2018 and 2019 marine fisheries (18,819 individuals genotyped) in British Columbia to specific conservation units (CU), populations, and broodyears. Individuals were genotyped at 391 single nucleotide polymorphisms via direct sequencing of amplicons. Very high accuracy of assignment to population and age (>99.5%) via PBT was observed for 1994 Chinook salmon of ages 2–4 years, with a 105,722–individual, 380–population baseline available for assignment. Application of a GSI‐PBT system of identification to individuals in 2019 fisheries provided high‐resolution estimates of stock composition, catch, and exploitation rate by CU or population, with fishery exploitation rates directly comparable to those provided by CWTs for 13 populations. GSI and PBT provide an alternate, cheaper, and more effective method in the assessment and management of Canadian‐origin Chinook salmon relative to CWTs, and an opportunity for a genetics‐based system to replace the current CWT system for salmon assessment.
Compartmentalised metabolic programmes in human anagen hair follicles: New targets to modulate epithelial stem cell behaviour, keratinocyte proliferation and hair follicle immune status?
Authors: Purba Talveen S. , Berriche Leïla , Paus Ralf
Published: February 2021

Human scalp hair follicles (HF) preferentially engage in glycolysis followed by lactate production in the presence of oxygen (i.e. the Warburg effect). Through the spatiotemporally controlled expression of key metabolic proteins, we hypothesise that the Warburg effect and other HF metabolic programmes are compartmentalised by region in order to regulate regional cell fate and phenotypes, such as epithelial stem cell quiescence in the bulge or keratinocyte proliferation in the hair matrix. We further propose that metabolic conditions in the HF are organised in accordance with the lactate shuttle, hypothesised to occur in other tissue systems and tumours, but never before described in the HF. Specifically, we argue that lactate is produced and exported by glycolytic GLUT1+ lower outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes. We further propose that lactate is then utilised by neighbouring highly proliferative matrix keratinocytes to fuel oxidative metabolism via MCT1‐mediated uptake. Furthermore, as lactate has been described to be immunomodulatory, its production and accumulation could enhance immune tolerance in the HF bulb. Here we delineate how to experimentally probe this hypothesis, define major open questions and present preliminary immunohistological evidence in support of metabolic compartmentalisation and lactate shuttling. Overall, we argue that basic and translational hair research needs to rediscover the importance of lactate in human HF biology, well beyond its recognised role in murine HF epithelial stem cells, and should explore how HF metabolism can be therapeutically targeted to modulate hair growth and the immunological HF microenvironment as a novel strategy for managing hair loss disorders.
Very high cycle fatigue life and critical defect size: Modeling of statistical size effects
Authors: Paolino Davide S.
Published: February 2021

A novel statistical approach to model size effects in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) is proposed in the paper. The statistical distributions of the VHCF life and of the size of the defect leading to VHCF failure (critical defect) are identified in the paper through the weakest‐link principle. The statistical distributions are able to account for the stress gradients that are present in a loaded material volume. An efficient procedure for estimating the parameters involved in the statistical distributions is also shown. The proposed statistical models are finally validated through experimental data taken from the literature. The experimental validation proves the fitting capability of the proposed models that outperform the traditional models based on the 90% risk‐volume.
The variations in individual consumption change and the substitution effect under the shock of COVID‐19: Evidence from payment system data in China
Authors: Xu Jie , Gao Ming , Zhang Yina
Published: February 2021

Over the last two decades, scholars have pointed to the significance of the impact of extreme events on consumption, a prominent part of national economies. How does the COVID‐19 epidemic influence consumption? Using high‐frequency payment system panel data, we explicitly consider the individual consumption changes and the substitution effect between online and offline markets of multiple categories by constructing autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and conducting regression analyses. The p value and regression coefficients of the substitution elasticity are used to estimate the changes and the substitution effects from the offline to the online channels. The results show that consumption saw a remarkable decline after the surge of COVID‐19 in 2020 compared to 2019. Overall, online markets were more resilient than the offline markets and the substitution effects after the epidemic's outbreak between the online and offline markets were significant for one‐third of the consumption categories. However, the online market could not replace the offline market for some categories due to the product characteristics. The vulnerable industries in the face of the epidemic's intervention are determined as being traditional catering, transportation, tourism, and education, and the shortage of healthcare services in extreme events is also pointed out. The results provide suggestions for policies on targeted enterprises and public service.
Preparation of V doped lanthanum silicate electrolyte ceramics by combustion method and study on conductance mechanism
Authors: Chen Shi , Huang Zhi Liang , Chen Chang Lian , Lu Mian , Wu Chang Sheng , Jiang Yuan
Published: February 2021

Vanadium doped La9.33Si6−xVxO26+0.5x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) (LSVO) electrolyte powder was prepared by combustion method at 600°C for 5‐7 min. The powder was sintered at 1500°C for 3 hours to prepare LSVO ceramics. XPS, IR, XRD, and EIS analysis show that V5+ doping replaces Si4+ in [SiO4] to form [Si(V)O4] tetrahedron. With the increase in x, the lattice volume increase. When x = 2.0, the LaVO4 phase was formed, indicating that the limit doping amount of V5+ replacing Si4+ is x ≤ 1.5. The conductivity of LSVO increases significantly with the increase in x (x ≤ 1.0), which attributed to the defect reaction caused by V5+ doping. The addition of the interstitial oxygen Oi* in 63 channels and the increase of lattice volume leads to increased conductivity. When x = 1.0, the highest conductivity is 1.46 × 10−2 S·cm−1 (800°C). The doping enhancement conductivity mechanism is the Interstitial oxygen defect‐Lattice volume composite enhancement mechanism.
Inferring bubble volume fraction in a glass melt through in situ impedance spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Pereira Luiz , Neyret Muriel , Laplace Annabelle , Pigeonneau Franck , Nuernberg Rafael
Published: February 2021

We evaluated the feasibility of inferring the bubble volume fraction (ϕ b) in a melt by employing in situ impedance spectroscopy measurements. This idea stems from the effective medium theory, in which the ionic conductivity of a biphasic material can be determined from the isolated contribution of each constituent phase and their respective volumetric content. Therefore, we investigated the overall electrical conductivity of a borosilicate melt doped with cerium‐IV oxide at a constant temperature (1273 K), in which O2 gas production takes place. To validate the use of this proposed technique, postmortem bubble volume fraction analyses on samples synthesized following the same procedure were conducted by apparent density and impedance spectroscopy measurements at low temperatures (below T g). A comparison of these postmortem and in situ techniques is presented. Despite some discrepancies observed between the bubble volume fractions estimated by these different methods, the main results demonstrate the technical viability of this in situ approach. In situ impedance spectroscopy presents advantages in terms of pre‐synthesis duration and sample preparation, and the information is obtained at high temperatures, eliminating the possible influence of the cooling stage.
Effect of short‐interval rituximab and high‐dose corticosteroids on kidney function in systemic sclerosis: Long‐term experience of a single centre
Authors: Odler Balazs , Hebesberger Carina , Hoeflechner Lukas , Pregartner Gudrun , Gressenberger Paul , Jud Philipp , Zenz Sabine , Eller Kathrin , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Moazedi‐Fuerst Florentine
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a rare but one of the most recognised complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Corticosteroid (CS) use has been considered as a major risk factor for SRC. Several studies reported the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) with an acceptable safety profile in SSc. However, data on the long‐term effect of high‐dose CS concomitant to RTX on kidney function are lacking.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed SSc patients (n = 35) treated with a lower dosage and short‐interval RTX and concomitant high‐dose CS at the Department of Internal Medicine at the Medical University of Graz between 2010 and 2019. The kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at every RTX admission. The annual decline of kidney function was evaluated by linear mixed model analysis.

Results

At the RTX initiation, one patient had a decreased kidney function indicated by eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (median: 96 mL/min/1.73 m2; interquartile range (IQR): 43‐136). Patients received RTX and complementary high‐dose CS for a median follow‐up time of 3.4 years (range 0.6‐9.5). A linear mixed model analysis with the patient as random effect and time from first RTX as fixed effect estimated an annual decline of 1.98 mL/min/1.73 m2 of the eGFR (95% confidence interval: [−2.24, −1.72]; P <.001). During the follow‐up period, no patient experienced SRC or a significant drop in kidney function.

Conclusions

A regular, high‐dose CS given contemporary to RTX seems to be a safe option for kidney function in patients with SSc. Our findings provide additional knowledge in risk evaluation and planning of individualised therapies or designing clinical studies using RTX.
Cytoplasmic‐translocated Ku70 senses intracellular DNA and mediates interferon‐lambda1 induction
Authors: Sui Hongyan , Chen Qian , Imamichi Tomozumi
Published: February 2021

We have previously identified that human Ku70, a nuclear protein, serves as a cytosolic DNA sensor. Upon transfection with DNA or infection with DNA virus, Ku70 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and then predominately induces interferon lambda1 (IFN‐λ1) rather than IFN‐alpha or IFN‐beta, through a STING‐dependent signalling pathway. However, a detailed mechanism for Ku70 cytoplasmic translocation and its correlation with IFN‐λ1 induction have not been fully elucidated. Here, we observed that cytoplasmic translocation of Ku70 only occurred in DNA‐triggered IFN‐λ1‐inducible cells. Additionally, infection by Herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1), a DNA virus, induces cytoplasmic translocation of Ku70 and IFN‐λ1 induction in a strain‐dependent manner: the translocation and IFN‐λ1 induction were detected upon infection by HSV‐1 McKrae, but not MacIntyre, strain. A kinetic analysis indicated that cytoplasmic translocation of Ku70 was initiated right after DNA transfection and was peaked at 6 hr after DNA stimulation. Furthermore, treatment with leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, inhibited both Ku70 translocation and IFN‐λ1 induction, suggesting that Ku70 translocation is an essential and early event for its cytosolic DNA sensing. We further confirmed that enhancing the acetylation status of the cells promotes Ku70’s cytoplasmic accumulation, and therefore increases DNA‐mediated IFN‐λ1 induction. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism by which the versatile sensor detects pathogenic DNA in a localization‐dependent manner.
The role of donor‐unrestricted T‐cells, innate lymphoid cells, and NK cells in anti‐mycobacterial immunity
Authors: Ruibal Paula , Voogd Linda , Joosten Simone A. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M.
Published: February 2021

Vaccination strategies against mycobacteria, focusing mostly on classical T‐ and B‐cells, have shown limited success, encouraging the addition of alternative targets. Classically restricted T‐cells recognize antigens presented via highly polymorphic HLA class Ia and class II molecules, while donor‐unrestricted T‐cells (DURTs), with few exceptions, recognize ligands via genetically conserved antigen presentation molecules. Consequently, DURTs can respond to the same ligands across diverse human populations. DURTs can be activated either through cognate TCR ligation or via bystander cytokine signaling. TCR‐driven antigen‐specific activation of DURTs occurs upon antigen presentation via non‐polymorphic molecules such as HLA‐E, CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin, leading to the activation of HLA‐E–restricted T‐cells, CD1‐restricted T‐cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells (MAITs), and TCRγδ T‐cells, respectively. NK cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which lack rearranged TCRs, are activated through other receptor‐triggering pathways, or can be engaged through bystander cytokines, produced, for example, by activated antigen‐specific T‐cells or phagocytes. NK cells can also develop trained immune memory and thus could represent cells of interest to mobilize by novel vaccines. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding the contributions of DURTs, NK cells, and ILCs in anti–M tuberculosis, M leprae, and non‐tuberculous mycobacterial immunity and explore possible ways in which they could be harnessed through vaccines and immunotherapies to improve protection against Mtb.
Labor Markets in Crisis: The Double Liability of Low‐Wage Work During COVID‐19
Authors: Koebel Kourtney , Pohler Dionne
Published: February 2021

We adopt a novel identification strategy to examine the heterogeneous effects of Canada’s COVID‐19 economic shutdown on hours worked across the earnings distribution. Early labor‐market analyses found that workers in the bottom of the earnings distribution experienced a much larger reduction in hours worked than workers in the top of the earnings distribution. Our analysis reveals a double liability of low‐wage work during Canada’s COVID‐19 economic shutdown: while workers in every quintile experienced a large reduction in hours on average, significant increases in hours were only present among workers in the bottom quintile. Implications for crisis income supports are discussed.
Mechanisms of power inscription intoITgovernance: Lessons from two national digital identity systems
Authors: Medaglia Rony , Eaton Ben , Hedman Jonas , Whitley Edgar A.
Published: February 2021

Establishing IT governance arrangements is a deeply political process, where relationships of power play a crucial role. While the importance of power relationships is widely acknowledged in IS literature, specific mechanisms whereby the consequences of power relationships affect IT governance arrangements are still under‐researched. This study investigates the way power relationships are inscribed in the governance of digital identity systems in Denmark and the United Kingdom, where public and private actors are involved. Drawing on the theoretical lens of circuits of power, we contribute to research on the role of power in IT governance by identifying two distinct mechanisms of power inscription into IT governance: power cultivation and power limitation.
Microneedling in the treatment of atrophic scars: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Sirait Sondang Aemilia Pandjaitan , Suryanegara Jose
Published: February 2021

To date, treatment of atrophic acne scars remains a therapeutic challenge for dermatologists, yet there is no standard option on the most effective treatment. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive technology that involves repetitive skin puncture using sterile microneedles to disrupt dermal collagen that connects the scar tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated the potency of MN, such as dermaroller and fractionated microneedle radiofrequency, in the treatment of atrophic scars. The objective of this review is to evaluate systematically the current literature on MN for atrophic acne scars. A systematic search of literature was performed from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar databases for articles published during the last 20 years. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with full‐text version of the manuscript available were included in our study. Nine RCTs were included in this review. All treatment modalities demonstrated consistent results that MN was efficacious in treating atrophic acne scars as a monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. Moreover, no serious adverse effects were reported in all studies after MN treatment. MN is a well‐tolerated and effective therapeutic modality in treating atrophic acne scars. Further research is required to validate the efficacy of MN with a larger sample size and lengthy follow‐up.
Enhanced room‐temperature magnetoelectric coupling effects in c‐axis oriented polycrystalline BaSrCo2‐xMgxFe11AlO22
Authors: Chen Xing‐Han , Zhai Kun , Qian Guo‐Yu , Fu Qing‐Shan , Chakrabarti Chiranjib , Li Cang‐Long , Yin Hong‐Xia , Qiu Yang , Tian Zhao‐Ming , Yuan Song‐Liu
Published: February 2021

The influence of applied magnetic field during annealing process as well as of Mg doping on the room‐temperature magnetoelectric coupling effects in BaSrCo2‐xMgxFe11AlO22 are experimentally studied through the magnetization, magnetodielectric, and magnetoelectric current measurements. Hexaferrite samples of Co2Y were found to be highly oriented by an applied magnetic field (Ho) during the annealing process, leading to an enhancement of the room‐temperature magnetoelectric coupling effects. Although the substitution of nonmagnetic Mg ions in Co sites tends to reduce the ferromagnetism at macroscopic scale, a proper amount of Mg doping content facilitates the superexchange interaction between the adjacent magnetic blocks; meanwhile modulates the magnetic anisotropy in the samples. An appropriate adjustment of the competition between the anisotropy and the superexchange could enhance the magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature, which can be confirmed by the magnetic‐field‐induced dielectric constant and current density study.
Antiepileptic drugs, occurrence of seizures and effect of co‐administration of potential seizure threshold‐lowering psychotropic drugs in adults with intellectual disability who have epilepsy
Authors: Monaghan Rosemary , O’Dwyer Máire , Luus Retha , Mulryan Niamh , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , Henman Martin C.
Published: February 2021

Background

This study explored antiepileptic drug use, frequency of seizures, and the effect of psychotropic drugs with the potential to lower the seizure threshold in persons diagnosed with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Methods

Data for this study were drawn from Wave 3 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS‐TILDA). Psychotropic drugs were categorised for potential seizure threshold‐lowering risk (low, moderate, high). Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with seizure frequency.

Results

Epilepsy prevalence was 35.8% (n = 196), of which 57.7% reported a mental health condition. Participants with seizure data classified as taking at least one moderate‐/high‐risk medication were significantly less likely to experience a seizure compared to participants taking no potential seizure threshold‐lowering medication.

Conclusions

Psychotropic drugs recommended to be avoided or used with caution did not provoke increased seizure frequency in this cohort.
Oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in adult males with intellectual disabilities
Authors: May Philip B. , Parker Frank
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Oral bisphosphonates are first‐line agents for treating osteoporosis in men, but there are no studies regarding efficacy of oral bisphosphonates for treatment of osteoporosis in ambulatory male adults with intellectual disability.

Methods

Nine adult males with intellectual disability and increased fracture risk had been treated with weekly or monthly oral bisphosphonates, vitamin D and calcium for 1–3 years. Post‐treatment bone mineral density (BMD), serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone and C‐telopeptide of type I collagen were then determined for the first time.

Results

Weekly or monthly oral bisphosphonates were well tolerated and led to significant increases in BMD in all 9 individuals. Serum 25(OH)D level enhanced the “pecent increase of BMD” that occurred in response to bisphosphonate treatment (p < .05).

Conclusions

Weekly or monthly oral bisphosphonates are well tolerated by ambulatory adult males with ID and are effective in increasing BMD. Higher serum levels of vitamin D appear to improve the efficacy of bisphosphonates and therefore reduce fracture risk in adult males with intellectual disability.
The Dark and Bright Sides of Complexity: A Dual Perspective on Supply Network Resilience
Authors: Wiedmer Robert , Rogers Zachary S. , Polyviou Mikaella , Mena Carlos , Chae Sangho
Published: February 2021

Supply networks are regularly affected by events that trigger supply disruptions, entailing severe consequences for firms and their supply networks. Hence, the ability of firms to withstand and recover from disruptions (i.e., their resilience) is vital to their long‐term survival. Prior research suggests that the complexity of a firm’s supply network is critical in determining its resilience to disruptions, but tensions arise when delineating the precise nature of the relationship between supply network complexity and resilience. In this research, we investigate whether and how three facets of supply network complexity—supply complexity (nodes in the network), logistics complexity (arcs in the network), and product complexity (contents moving through the network)—influence a firm’s ability to resist and recover from disruptions. We empirically investigate this relationship in the context of automotive sector shipments from Japan to the United States before, during, and after the 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami, using the difference‐in‐differences technique. Results indicate that the relationship between supply network complexity and resilience is multifaceted; some aspects of supply network complexity intensify disruption impact, whereas others enhance disruption recovery.
Cryoballoon atrial fibrillation ablation: Single‐center safety and efficacy data using a novel cryoballoon technology compared to a historical balloon platform
Authors: Kochi Adriano N. , Moltrasio Massimo , Tundo Fabrizio , Riva Stefania , Ascione Ciro , Dessanai Maria A. , Pizzamiglio Francesca , Vettor Giulia , Cellucci Selene , Gasperetti Alessio , Tondo Claudio , Fassini Gaetano
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Catheter ablation is superior to drugs regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, symptoms improvement, and mortality reduction in heart failure. POLARx™ is a novel cryoballoon, with technical improvements seeking to improve outcomes. So far, its clinical evidence is restricted to a case report.

Methods

To compare the POLARx™ cryoballoon procedural safety and efficacy to the already established Arctic Front Advance PRO™ (AFAP) in a single‐center cohort study, consecutive patients undergoing AF cryoablation with the POLARx™ were enrolled. Data were prospectively gathered. POLARx™ patients were compared with a historical cohort of patients submitted to AF cryoablation with the AFAP.

Results

Seventy patients were analyzed, 20 in POLARx™, and 50 in the AFAP group. They all underwent first‐time pulmonary vein isolation, 77% were male, 94% had paroxysmal AF, median age was 62.5 years, median CHA2DS2‐VASc 1, left‐atrium size 34 ml/m², and 65% were receiving anticoagulation. The primary end‐point, all pulmonary veins isolation, was 100% in both groups. The complication rate was similar (0% POLARx™ vs. 5.7% AFAP, p = .39). The median total procedural time was longer in the POLARx™ group (90 min vs. 60 min, p < .001), but the overall time‐to‐isolation (TTI; 44.8 s vs. 39 s, p = .253) and ablation time (15 min vs. 13.7 min, p = .122) was similar between POLARx™ and AFAP groups, respectively. Despite equal TTI, the POLARx™ had a lower minimal temperature reached (−57°C vs −47°C, p < .001).

Conclusion

The novel POLARx™ cryoballoon had similar efficacy and safety compared with the AFAP. It was also associated with longer procedural times, similar TTI, and lower minimum temperature reached.
Quantitative evaluation of white matter hyperintensities in patients with heart failure using an innovative magnetic resonance image analysis method: Association with disrupted circadian blood pressure variation
Authors: Komori Takahiro , Hoshide Satoshi , Tabei Ken‐ichi , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Kario Kazuomi
Published: February 2021

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are risk factors for future cognitive impairment and are associated with an abnormal circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm in patients with hypertension. However, whether this association exists in patients with heart failure (HF) is unclear. We performed a cross‐sectional study of hospitalized patients with HF who underwent ambulatory BP monitoring and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A non‐dipper BP pattern was defined as a < 10% nocturnal BP decline. WMHs on brain MRI scans were quantitated using a novel image analysis software (FUSION: FUsed Software for Imaging Of Nervous system). We enrolled 28 hospitalized patients with HF (age: 70.0 ± 9.8 years, 64.3% men). In the brain MRI analysis, the non‐dipper group had higher WMH volume (18.9 ± 19.8 vs. 7.7 ± 8.3 mL, P = .047) and percentage of WMH/total brain volume (1.31 ± 1.28% vs. 0.55 ± 0.58%, P = .04) than the dipper group. In conclusion, using the newly developed MRI analysis software, we successfully quantitatively measured the volume of WMHs and found that the WMH volume increased 2.4 times in patients with a non‐dipper pattern of nocturnal BP compared with those with a normal dipper pattern.
Kinase GSK3β functions as a suppressor in colorectal carcinoma through the FTO‐mediated MZF1/c‐Myc axis
Authors: Zhang Zeyan , Gao Qianfu , Wang Shanchao
Published: February 2021

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) poses heavy burden to human health and has an increasing incidence. Currently, the existing biomarkers for CRC bring about restrained clinical benefits. GSK3β is reported to be a novel therapeutic target for this disease but with undefined molecular mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of GSK3β on CRC progression via FTO/MZF1/c‐Myc axis. Firstly, the expression patterns of GSK3β, FTO, MZF1 and c‐Myc were determined after sample collection. Lowly expressed GSK3β but highly expressed FTO, MZF1 and c‐Myc were found in CRC. After transfection of different overexpressed and interference plasmids, the underlying mechanisms concerning GSK3β in CRC cell functions were analysed. Additionally, the effect of GSK3β on FTO protein stability was assessed followed by detection of MZF1 m6A modification and MZF1‐FTO interaction. Mechanistically, GSK3β mediated ubiquitination of demethylase FTO to reduce FTO expression. Besides, GSK3β inhibited MZF1 expression by mediating FTO‐regulated m6A modification of MZF1 and then decreased the proto‐oncogene c‐Myc expression, thus hampering CRC cell proliferation. We also carried out in vivo experiment to verify the regulatory effect of GSK3β on CRC via FTO‐mediated MZF1/c‐Myc axis. It was found that GSK3β inhibited CRC growth in vivo which was reversed by overexpressing c‐Myc. Taken together, our findings indicate that GSK3β suppresses the progression of CRC through FTO‐regulated MZF1/c‐Myc axis, shedding light onto a new possible pathway by which GSK3β regulates CRC.
Convergent Validity of Suffering and Quality of Life as Measured by The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life
Authors: Kursawe Larsen C. , Kjærsgaard Andersen R. , Kirby J. S. , Tan J. , Saunte D. M. L. , Jemec G. B. E.
Published: February 2021

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease with great impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Recently, Hidradenitis SuppuraTiva cORe outcomes set International Collaboration (HISTORIC) established HRQOL as a core domain set for HS clinical trials and developed the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life (HiSQOL) as a validated outcome measurement instrument.

Objectives

To provide further convergent validity of HiSQOL by comparing it to Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure‐Revised 2 (PRISM‐R2).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 103 participants completed HiSQOL, PRISM‐R2 and DLQI. PRISM‐R2 is an instrument designed to measure suffering and reports the two measures, Illness Perception Measure (IPM) and Self‐Illness Separation (SIS). Correlation analyses were performed including a sub‐analysis for a subgroup of patients with high scores in the HS‐specific domains of HiSQOL.

Results

A very strong correlation was found between HiSQOL and DLQI (ρ = 0.93, P < 2.2 × 10−16, (95% CI: 0.89;0.95)), and moderately strong correlations were found between HiSQOL and SIS (ρ = −0.73, P < 2.2 × 10−16, (95% CI: −0.81; −0.62)) and DLQI and SIS (ρ = −0.70, P < 2.2 × 10−16, (95% CI: −0.79; −0.59)). IPM was positively associated with HiSQOL and DLQI and negatively with SIS.

Conclusions

HiSQOL is a valid measure of quality of life for HS patients, and we suggest that HiSQOL can be used as a measure of suffering as well.
Quality of systematic reviews in HIV: The case of clinical outcomes associated with patient medication adherence
Authors: Lake Joanita , Lawrence Kendra A. , Martinez Alonso Elena , Gonzales Valerie , LaFleur Joanne
Published: February 2021

Aim

Use of systematic reviews (SRs) as first‐level evidence for guideline recommendations hinges on review quality. In particular, US guidelines for adherence‐related recommendations in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are not based on available SRs of adherence‐outcome relationships; it is unclear why. No published studies report on the quality of SRs on HIV adherence and outcomes, which may be driving the lack of use. We describe the quality of this body of literature.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed Central, the Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index, Web of Science, ScIELO Citation Index, and Ovid Emcare. Screening and quality assessments were performed in duplicate using AMSTAR 2. Funding sources and impact factors of publishing journals were also extracted, and correlations between quality rankings and numbers of critical weaknesses versus impact factors were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results

Nine SRs of 1141 records met eligibility criteria. Overall confidence in the results was critically low for most (78%) SRs. Underperformance was found across all AMSTAR 2 domains. Impact factor (a surrogate or journal reputation) did not correlate with quality.

Conclusions

SRs do not necessarily comprise top‐level evidence despite the availability of quality appraisal tools and reporting guidance, which could explain the lack of SR evidence in US HIV medication adherence‐related guideline recommendations. All parties to evidence synthesis publication should require quality assessment of studies.
Long‐term automatic trap data reveal factors affecting diurnal flight patterns of the Mediterranean Fruit fly
Authors: Goldshtein Eitan , Gazit Yoav , Hetzroni Amots , Timar Doron , Rosenfeld Lavi , Grinshpon Yossef , Cohen Yafit
Published: February 2021

Mediterranean Fruit Fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is considered to be one of the most destructive fruit insect pests throughout the world. In recent years, the temporal dynamics of the medfly have been extensively studied by season, and, to a lesser extent, on a daily basis. We exploited, for the first time, a sequential automatic medfly male trapping system, in combination with climate data, to characterize diel flight patterns of male medflies trapped. The process was carried out in four commercial citrus fields over three growing seasons. Results showed that throughout the year, medfly flight activity began 4–6 hr after sunrise and peaked up to 2 to 3 hr before sunset. Generalized additive models (GAM) of the 934 days sampled revealed that in the fall, the diurnal flight activity was unimodal, that is, it began increasing at noon, peaking in the afternoon. By contrast, in the spring and summer, the diurnal flight activity exhibited a bimodal pattern, decreasing at midday. GAMs also revealed that hour after sunrise and temperature influenced medfly captures, with the former the more dominant factor. Thus, photophase significantly impacted the medfly's diurnal flight activity in each season. This study demonstrated that automatic traps that timestamp each capture are a primary research tool in insect flight activity studies that contributes to understanding diurnal insect activity within the growing season.
Association of Parent–child Experiences with Insecure Attachment in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Sin‐Hyang , Baek Minja , Park Sihyun
Published: February 2021

This study reviewed and synthesized existing research to examine the association of parent–child experiences in childhood with two types of adult insecure attachments styles: anxiety‐related attachment (ANA) and avoidance‐related attachment (AVA). Correlates of adult insecure attachment styles were systematically reviewed and quantitatively synthesized using meta‐analytic methods. Overall, 213 and 177 correlates with ANA and AVA were identified from 56 studies, with these factors further categorized into four thematic domains: perceived attachment with parents, perceived parenting style, perceived relationship with parents, and recalled childhood adversity. Children's attachment patterns with their parents were strongly associated with their pattern of adult attachment. Codependent relationships with parents, childhood neglect, and childhood psychological abuse were also significantly associated with both ANA and AVA. Authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles showed the strongest positive and negative associations with ANA and AVA, respectively. Our findings revealed the importance of early parenting for children's lifelong health and developmental outcomes.
Positioning of Bristol Stool Form Scale type 3 in constipation treatment satisfaction: A multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Yamada Eiji , Tsunoda Seishi , Mimura Masumi , Akizuki Masashi , Miyazawa Yoichiro , Yamazaki Toshihiro , Nagano Yasuhiko , Murakami Reiko , Kitahara Takashi , Wakasugi Junichi , Ozawa Yukihiro , Komatsu Tatsuji , Inamori Masahiko , Nagai Kazuki , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim

Many patients are not satisfied with chronic constipation (CC) treatments. The aim of this study was to identify factors linked to CC treatment satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Methods

Our study population included patients who received CC treatment at a clinic or hospital. CC was diagnosed by a physician based on the patient's complaint. Treatment satisfaction was evaluated using the 28th question of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire.

Results

We conducted this study at 28 facilities. We included 167 patients (mean age 66.7 ± 15.2 years, male:female ratio is 1:3.07). Sixty‐eight (40.7%) of patients were satisfied with their constipation treatment. Treatment dissatisfaction of CC was significantly associated with frequency of bowel movement <3/week (odds ratio [OR] = 0.376, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.156–0.904, P = 0.029) or Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) type 3 (OR = 0.401, 95% CI: 0.170–0.946, P = 0.037).

Conclusions

Our study showed that CC patients with BSFS type3 were not satisfied with constipation treatment. In general, BSFS types 3–5 are defined as normal stools. Therefore, BSFS type 3 may be set as a treatment goal even though the patient is not satisfied. The pathophysiology of CC differs by region and patient background. Therefore, parameters used to define successful treatment will be different by patient or region. We should reconsider the positioning of BSFS type 3 to improve treatment satisfaction for CC.
Longitudinal Impact of Frailty States and Sleep Duration on Subsequent Depressive Symptoms of Older Adults
Authors: Liu Huiying , Li Danyu , Zhao Xinyi , Fang Boye , Zhang Quan , Li Tingyu
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To determine the effects of baseline and changes in frailty states on subsequent depressive symptoms, and whether sleep duration would modify these effects.

Design

Prospective, cohort study.

Setting

The 2011 baseline and 2013 follow‐up waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Participants

Community‐dwelling old adults who were aged 60 or above at baseline and participated in the 2011 and 2013 waves of the CHARLS (N = 5,026).

Measurements

Frailty was measured using the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) scale. Levels of depressive symptoms were measured by the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Using the generalized estimating equations (GEE), the effects of baseline and transitions in frailty states were examined on subsequent depressive symptoms, adjusting for a range of confounding variables.

Results

Baseline prefrail (b = 0.97, P < .05) and frail states (b = 0.35, P < .05) were associated with higher subsequent level of depressive symptoms 2 years later. Within individuals who were robust at baseline, transitioning into prefrail/frail (b = 3.04, P < .001) was associated with a higher subsequent level of depressive symptoms, and this association was accelerated by short sleep duration. Within individuals who were prefrail at baseline, transitioning into frail (b = 1.76, P < .001) was associated with higher subsequent levels of depressive symptoms, and this association was stronger among those who reported short sleep duration.

Conclusion

Baseline and transitions in frailty states were significantly related with higher subsequent levels of subsequent depressive symptoms. Short sleep duration significantly moderated the effects of baseline or transitions of frailty on subsequent depressive symptoms. Targeted interventions could be implemented to improve sleep quality for prefrail and frail older adults.
An update on the function and regulation of methylerythritol phosphate and mevalonate pathways and their evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Pu Xiaojun , Dong Xiumei , Li Qing , Chen Zexi , Liu Li
Published: February 2021

Isoprenoids are among the largest and most chemically diverse classes of organic compounds in nature and are involved in the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development, and plant responses to stress. The basic building block units for isoprenoid synthesis—isopentenyl diphosphate and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate—are generated by the mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we summarize recent advances on the roles of the MEP and MVA pathways in plant growth, development and stress responses, and attempt to define the underlying gene networks that orchestrate the MEP and MVA pathways in response to developmental or environmental cues. Through phylogenomic analysis, we also provide a new perspective on the evolution of the plant isoprenoid pathway. We conclude that the presence of the MVA pathway in plants may be associated with the transition from aquatic to subaerial and terrestrial environments, as lineages for its core components are absent in green algae. The emergence of the MVA pathway has acted as a key evolutionary event in plants that facilitated land colonization and subsequent embryo development, as well as adaptation to new and varied environments.
The Bank Lending Channel of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy
Authors: ALBERTAZZI UGO , NOBILI ANDREA , SIGNORETTI FEDERICO M.
Published: February 2021

Using bank‐level information on lending rates, we study the transmission of conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures in the euro area via shifts in the supply of credit. For conventional operations, we find that the transmission is stronger for weaker banks, in line with the standard predictions of the bank‐lending channel literature. For nonstandard measures, instead, the monetary accommodation was transmitted more by banks with stronger capital and funding positions and characterized by a higher exposure to government bonds.
Comparison of microfocused ultrasound with visualization for skin laxity among vegan and omnivore patients
Authors: Fusano Marta , Galimberti Michela Gianna , Bencini Matelda , Fusano Isabella , Bencini Pier Luca
Published: February 2021

Background

The aging of facial structures depends on genetic, anatomic, chronologic, and environmental factors that affect the skin and underlying tissues. Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) has emerged as a safe and effective treatment for skin laxity. As the nutritional status may contribute to skin aging, it would be interesting to evaluate whether different dietary patterns can also influence the response to MFU‐V treatment for skin laxity.

Aims

The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of MFU‐V therapy between omnivore and vegan patients.

Methods

Twenty‐seven vegan and twenty‐seven omnivorous women who underwent MFU‐V treatment for laxity of lower face and neck were enrolled. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the FLR (Facial Laxity Rating) scale after 3 and 6 months from treatment.

Results

At baseline, no significant differences were found in terms of FLR scale in both treated sites. After 3 months, reduction in FLR scale was significantly lower for vegans both on face (P = .04) and neck (P = .004). At 6 months, vegan patients had a worse clinical outcome on lower face (P = .001) and neck (P < .001).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that a vegan diet may negatively influence the outcome of a MFU‐V treatment.
Mechanisms of skin moisturization with hyperharmonized hydroxyl modified fullerene substance
Authors: Miljkovic Suzana , Jeftic Branislava , Stankovic Ivana , Stojiljkovic Nikola , Koruga Djuro
Published: February 2021

Background

Hyper Harmonized Hydroxyl Modified Fullerene Substance (3HFWC+) establishes hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules and organizes them in clusters with the liquid crystalline state, similar to the properties of water surrounding the biomolecules.

Aims

To investigate the moisturizing properties of hyperharmonized fullerenol—3HFWC+ as an emulsion O/W ingredient on the skin.

Patients/Methods

We have analyzed the reflexion of the blue light from the skin, in vivo, with different levels of moisturization and compared the influence of three groups of cosmetic products (with various active ingredients, 3HFWC+ or water in same percentage in the “vehiculum”) on skin moisturization by measuring paramagnetic/diamagnetic properties by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy.

Results

Regenerating Cream and Body Lotion have shown statistically significant increase of diamagnetic features predominantly in all 3 types of creams, while the Hand Cream formulations have not shown statistically significant results after 4 weeks of treatment. Anti‐aging cream with 3HFWC+ demonstrated statistically significant increase of paramagnetic properties of the skin (p+/p‐ from 0.90 to 0.62) and showed beneficial effects on information transfer and water content in stratum corneum.

Conclusion

Although it does not act as a classical moisturizing agent on the skin, 3HFWC+ can increase moisturization as a result of hydrogen bonds established among 3HFWC+ and water or biomolecules, liquid crystalline state of water in 3HFWC+ resembling the properties of water surrounding the biomolecules, and finally, liquid crystalline state of water in the products.
Best‐practices for preventing skin injury beneath personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A position paper from the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel
Authors: Padula William V. , Cuddigan Janet , Ruotsi Lee , Black Joyce M. , Brienza David , Capasso Virginia , Cox Jill , Delmore Barbara , Holden‐Mount Sarah , Munoz Nancy , Nie Ann Marie , Pittman Joyce , Sonenblum Sharon E. , Tescher Ann ,   For the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP)
Published: February 2021

COVID‐19 has infected millions of patients and impacted healthcare workers worldwide. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a key component of protecting frontline clinicians against infection. The benefits of PPE far outweigh the risks, nonetheless, many clinicians are exhibiting skin injury caused by PPE worn incorrectly. These skin injuries, ranging from lesions to open wounds are concerning because they increase the susceptibility of viral infection and transmission to other individuals. Early into the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020), the U. S. National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) developed a series of position statements to improve wear‐ability of PPE and protect healthcare professionals and their patients as safe from harm as possible under the circumstances. The NPIAP positions, which were formed by conducting a systematic review of what was known at the time, include: (a) Prepare skin before and after wearing PPE with skin sealants, barrier creams and moisturisers; (b) Frequent PPE offloading to relieve pressure and shear applied to skin; (c) treat visible skin injuries immediately caused by PPE to minimise future infection; (d) non‐porous dressings may provide additional skin protection, but lack evidence; (e) health systems should take care to educate clinicians about placement and personal hygiene related to handling PPE. Throughout all of these practices, handwashing remains a top priority to handle PPE. These NPIAP positions provided early guidance to reduce the risk of skin injury caused by PPE based on available research regarding PPE injuries, a cautious application of evidence‐based recommendations on prevention of device‐related pressure injuries in patients and the expert opinion of the NPIAP Board of Directors. Clinicians who adhere to these recommendations reduce the prospects of skin damage and long‐term effects (e.g. scarring). These simple steps to minimise the risk of skin injury and reduce the risk of coronavirus infection from PPE can help.