bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial community composition and abundance after millennia of submarine permafrost warming
Authors: Mitzscherling Julia , Horn Fabian , Winterfeld Maria , Mahler Linda , Kallmeyer Jens , Overduin Pier P. , Schirrmeister Lutz , Winkel Matthias , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Wagner Dirk , Liebner Susanne
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Warming of the Arctic led to an increase in permafrost
temperatures by about 0.3 ∘C during the last decade. Permafrost
warming is associated with increasing sediment water content, permeability,
and diffusivity and could in the long term alter microbial community
composition and abundance even before permafrost thaws. We studied the
long-term effect (up to 2500 years) of submarine permafrost warming on
microbial communities along an onshore–offshore transect on the Siberian
Arctic Shelf displaying a natural temperature gradient of more than 10 ∘C. We analysed the in situ development of bacterial abundance
and community composition through total cell counts (TCCs), quantitative PCR
of bacterial gene abundance, and amplicon sequencing and correlated the
microbial community data with temperature, pore water chemistry, and sediment
physicochemical parameters. On timescales of centuries, permafrost warming
coincided with an overall decreasing microbial abundance, whereas millennia
after warming microbial abundance was similar to cold onshore permafrost. In
addition, the dissolved organic carbon content of all cores was lowest in
submarine permafrost after millennial-scale warming. Based on correlation
analysis, TCC, unlike bacterial gene abundance, showed a significant rank-based
negative correlation with increasing temperature, while bacterial gene copy
numbers showed a strong negative correlation with salinity. Bacterial
community composition correlated only weakly with temperature but strongly
with the pore water stable isotopes δ18O and δD, as well as with
depth. The bacterial community showed substantial spatial variation and an
overall dominance of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes,
Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria, which are amongst the microbial taxa
that were also found to be active in other frozen permafrost environments.
We suggest that, millennia after permafrost warming by over 10 ∘C,
microbial community composition and abundance show some indications for
proliferation but mainly reflect the sedimentation history and
paleoenvironment and not a direct effect through warming.
Coupling between the North Atlantic subpolar gyre vigor and forest fire activity in northern Scandinavia
Authors: Nilsen Tine , Divine Dmitry V. , Hofgaard Annika , Born Andreas , Jungclaus Johann , Drobyshev Igor
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The circulation strength of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre varies on a range of timescales, it regulates the northwards oceanic heat transport and influences weather and climate over Scandinavia. We test the hypothesis that persistent atmospheric circulation anomalies favorable for extensive forest fire activity in the northern Scandinavian boreal region are predominantly associated with weaker subpolar gyre strength on subannual timescales. We included both winter and summer drought as important precursors for forest fire occurrence in the boreal region. Three ensemble members of climate model simulations covering the time period 850–2005 AD are considered. Years of widespread and severe drought in northern Scandinavia are identified using the monthly drought code as a summer-drought indicator, and winter drought is identified as the 5th percentile of coldest and driest winters. The statistical significance of anomalous ocean- and atmospheric circulation is tested for these years, both during and prior to the main fire season. Analysis of the ensemble of three simulations did not yield a generalized result, hence the hypothesis cannot be confirmed for subannual timescales. For the three simulations we find respectively that the fire-prone years are associated with subpolar gyre circulation that is on average stronger, weaker or insignificantly changed compared with the mean state. The 5th percentile of most extreme dry and cold winters has a strong relation to the winter North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), but not with the gyre circulation state. We find a number of extremely cold/dry winters occurring during the Little Ice Age (LIA, 16th–19th centuries AD), and infer that winter drought may have played a significant role in promoting forest fire activity at this time. Our results highlight the importance of resolving the past fire seasonality in the northern Scandinavian domain, and developing compound drought indicators for winter and spring.
The interactive global fire module pyrE
Authors: Mezuman Keren , Tsigaridis Konstantinos , Faluvegi Gregory , Bauer Susanne E.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Fires affect the composition of the atmosphere and Earth’s radiation balance by emitting a suite of reactive gases and particles. An interactive fire module in an Earth System Model (ESM) allows us to study the natural and anthropogenic drivers, feedbacks, and interactions of open fires. To do so, we have developed pyrE, the NASA GISS interactive fire emissions module. The pyrE module is driven by environmental variables like flammability and cloud-to-ground lightning, calculated by the GISS ModelE ESM, and parameterized anthropogenic impacts based on population density data. Fire emissions are generated from the actual flaming phase in pyrE (fire count), not the scar left behind (burned area), as is commonly done in other interactive fire modules. Using pyrE, we examine fire behavior, regional fire suppression, burned area, fire emissions, and how it all affects atmospheric composition. To do so, we evaluate pyrE by comparing it to satellite-based datasets of fire count, burned area, fire emissions, and aerosol optical depth (AOD). We demonstrate pyrE’s ability to simulate the daily and seasonal cycles of open fires and resulting emissions. Our results indicate that interactive fire emissions are bias low by 32–42 %, depending on emitted species, compared to the GFED4s inventory. The bias in emissions drives underestimation in column densities, which is diluted by natural and anthropogenic emissions sources and production and loss mechanisms. Yet, in terms of AOD, a simulation with interactive fire emissions performs just as well as a simulation with prescribed fire emissions.
Multiple linear regression model of Golden apple's failure characteristics under repeated compressive load
Authors: Farkas Csaba , Fenyvesi László , Petróczki Károly
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the multiple linear regression model of mechanical properties related to the failure mechanism of apple tissue under repeated compressive load was investigated. More refined failure characteristics may lead to improved processing and logistics aspects of the given fruits. For our study, the following failure-related factors are considered during the cyclic measurements of Golden Delicious apples: the viscoelastic parameters, the dissipated energy, and the rupture point of the cell-structure, which is described with the time to failure parameter (TTF). For the determination of viscoelastic components, the three element Poynting-Thomson body was applied, and a closed-loop control system is identified with the measured creep data. From the hysteresis loop - in each cycle of the force-deformation parametric curve - the dissipated energy can be calculated with a numeric integration method. The rupture point of the fruit tissue - where the measuring pin is breaking through the peel and the cortex - is observed with a high-framerate video analysis, so that the time index of the failure point can be evaluated. The focus is to define the influence of the mentioned factors to the TTF parameter of the examined fruit material. During the statistical evaluation of the resulted data, the failure of time can be successfully determined with a multiple lienar regression model of the determined viscoelastic and dissipated energy variables. With the resulted equation, the failure time of Golden Delicious apples can be predicted based on the measured failure-related parameters obtained during the compressive load tests.
Property Rights, Citizenship, Corruption, and Inequality: Confiscating Loyalist Estates during the American Revolution
Authors: Gallo Marcus
Published: October 2019

In Maryland, fierce debate attended the decision to confiscate loyalist lands, but the state eventually embraced confiscation, seizing significantly more loyalist land than neighbors who had access to lands in the trans-Appalachian west. State senators who initially objected to property confiscations found themselves forced by necessity to adopt a revolutionary view of subjecthood, in which loyalists who abandoned the state voluntarily abrogated their citizenship. While some irregularity surrounded Maryland's confiscations, this paled in comparison to the corruption that attended confiscation in neighboring states like Pennsylvania and New Jersey. However, as in other confiscations, the state's political and military officers came to dominate purchases of loyalist land, demonstrating the influence of the wealthy over Maryland's political process.
Is Bill Cosby Still Funny?
Authors: Deen Phillip
Published: October 2019

Bill Cosby's immorality has raised intriguing aesthetic and ethical issues. Do the crimes that he has been convicted of lessen the aesthetic value of his stand-up and, even if we can enjoy it, should we? This article first discusses the intimate relationship between the comedian and audience. The art form itself is structurally intimate, and at the same time the comedian claims to express an authentic self on stage. After drawing an analogy between the question of the moral character of comedians and the aesthetic value of their stand-up and the debate over the ethical criticism of art, this article argues that it is reasonable to find a comedian's performance less funny, because stand-up's artistic success relies on this intimacy. It contrasts the comedy of Bill Cosby with that of Louis C.K., whose moral flaws are much more present in his comedy, and it is therefore more difficult to find him funny. Last, it is ethically permissible to enjoy their comedy, if no harm to others results, both because it does not corrupt the audience's character and because amusement is valuable.
LA DEFENSA DE UN CULPABLE: UNA JUSTIFICACIÓN MORAL
Authors: Omar Seleme Hugo
Published: October 2019

La condena popular pesa sobre los abogados que, conscientes de la culpabilidad de su cliente, argumentan en favor de su inocencia, cuestionando la validez y la fuerza de la evidencia en su contra. El propósito de este trabajo es ofrecer una nueva réplica al argumento que sirve de base para esta condena. La refutación que es ofrecida en el trabajo está fundada en la concepción prospectiva de obligación.
SOBRE “CASOS” Y PONDERACIÓN. LOS MODELOS DE ALEXY Y MORESO, ¿MÁS SIMILITUDES QUE DIFERENCIAS?
Authors: Clérico Laura
Published: October 2019

El propósito del trabajo es rescatar la importancia de los casos en el modelo de la ponderación alexyano, la cual, a mi entender, quedó opacada por su preocupación por el desarrollo de la ponderación como forma de argumento. Esto permitirá compararlo con la versión que desarrolla Moreso a través de los casos paradigmáticos y mostrar que ésta guarda con el modelo de Alexy más parecidos de fami- lia que diferencias. Se concluye que ni el modelo de Alexy está tan abocado al particularismo como a veces se asume, ni el de Moreso es tan definicional como pretende.
LA PRUEBA TESTIMONIAL Y LA EPISTEMOLOGÍA DEL TESTIMONIO
Authors: Páez Andrés
Published: October 2019

Durante los últimos años, el problema de cómo justiﬁ car aquellas creencias que se originan en testimonios ha ocupado un lugar central en la epistemología. Sin embargo, muy pocas de esas reﬂ exiones son conocidas en el derecho probatorio. En el presente ensayo analizo la prueba testimonial a la luz de estas reﬂ exiones con el ﬁ n de poner de maniﬁ esto los supuestos epistemológicos de algunos principios procesales. En concreto, analizo la legislación colombiana y la estadounidense en el marco de la disputa entre el reduccionismo y el antirreduccionismo en la ﬁ losofía del testimonio. Al ﬁ nal sugiero una nueva aproximación epistemológica que replantea los términos de la disputa y que tiene implicaciones importantes para la valoración de la prueba testimonial en los procesos judiciales.
BOSQUEJO DE DWORKIN: LA IMBRICACIÓN ENTRE EL DERECHO Y LA MORALIDAD
Authors: Moreso José Juan , Queralt Jahel
Published: October 2019

Este artículo analiza las principales aportaciones de Ronald Dworkin a la filosofía del derecho y a la filosofía política mostrando que provienen de una visión más amplia que integra el derecho y la moral. La exposición se divide en dos partes. La primera aborda los argumentos de Dworkin para rechazar el positivismo jurídico y presenta su idea de derecho. La segunda se centra en la fundamentación ética del liberalismo y en el criterio distributivo que propone Dworkin.
¿HASTA QUÉ PUNTO CUENTAN LOS JUECES? H.L.A. HART Y LA REGLA DE ADJUDICACIÓN
Authors: Bisogni Giovanni
Published: October 2019

Hart dedicó poca atención a la regla de adjudicación –lo mismo hizo la literatura especializada. El propósito de este escrito consiste en intentar ir más allá de las escasas indicaciones brindadas por Hart sobre el tema de la regla de adjudicación y detallar la función que desempeña en el seno de su concepción del derecho. El método elegido es esencialmente reconstructivo: no se trata de tomar inspiración en Hart para elaborar una noción propia de regla de adjudicación, sino de poner de relieve las potencialidades –aunque también los límites– de este tipo de regla secundaria. Para ello, en primer lugar se profundizan las conexiones entre la regla de adjudicación, por un lado, y la coacción y la interpretación jurídica, por el otro: el objetivo consiste en dibujar la posición teórica de los jueces, que se desprende, en particular, de la investigación de sus (distintas) tareas en relación con los casos dudosos y los casos claros. A continuación, tal postura teórica se somete a crítica; prestando atención, en particular, al problema de la definitividad e infalibilidad de las sentencias, se demuestra cómo Hart consideró la aplicación del derecho de forma demasiado declarativa.
DISCUTIENDO CON EL ENEMIGO: A PROPÓSITO DE ALGUNOS LICÁNTROPOS DE LA IRRACIONALIDAD DISCURSIVA EN MATERIA DE LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN
Authors: Salas Minor E.
Published: October 2019

Discutir con los amigos (aliados, discípulos, adeptos, seguidores, compañeros) es fácil. Es más difícil discutir con quien no comparte nuestros valores íntimos y preciados, con quien ofende nuestras creencias, deshonra nuestra fe y esperanza o se ríe de nuestras opiniones. ¿Cómo se ha de actuar en estos casos? ¿Con la espada y la ira en la mano, la indiferencia y el silencio, o el argumento y la palabra? ¿Y si no se puede ya razonar? ¿Cuando uno topa con el límite insalvable de la impotencia de la razón se ha de acudir entonces a la potencia de la brutalidad? ¿Se puede, en breve, discutir con el “enemigo”? Este trabajo es un intento teoréticofilosófico por pensar analíticamente (más allá de lo que al respecto pueda decir la dogmática jurídica), modos de responder a estos interrogantes. Se busca examinar los límites, posibilidades y confines de la libertad de expresión, vista desde una teoría realista de la argumentación y de la pragmática del discurso normativo. Como ejemplos explicativos se toman conflictos generados por los grupos radicales (neonazis, fascistas), las sectas religiosas, los movimientos sociales violentos, entre otros.
CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL “TRATO IGUAL” O “DILEMA DE LA DEMOCRACIA”
Authors: Tamayo y Salmorán Rolando
Published: October 2019

El artículo explora las relaciones entre el derecho, la democracia y el imperativo del trato igual, deteniéndose en el desarrollo de nociones como “comunidad política”, “actos políticos” o “derechos”, y proponiendo un entendimiento específico de los “derechos democráticos” en cuyo contexto el derecho de igual acceso a la protección judicial juega un papel crucial. El análisis combina exploraciones en el plano del lenguaje jurídico dogmático con acometidas filosóficas, filológicas, históricas y sociopolíticas, en consonancia con la idea de que las fuentes históricas (los hechos sociales y su reconocimiento teórico) son las coordenadas que rodean la experiencia jurídica y el juego democrático (donde lo hay).
EL CASO MENDEZ V. WESTMINSTER Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL DERECHO A LA IGUALDAD A TRAVÉS DE SU INFLUENCIA EN EL CASO BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION
Authors: González Oropeza Manuel , Del Rosario Rodríguez Marcos
Published: October 2019

El caso Mendez v. Westminster es de suma trascendencia en el desarrollo del derecho a la igualdad y la supresión de la segregación racial. El caso propició la modificación de las leyes del Estado de California, aumentando el acceso igualitario de los niños a la educación. Pero sin duda su mayor influencia fue sobre la sentencia del caso Brown v. Board of Education, cuyas directrices se cimentaron en las consideraciones y alcances del caso Mendez.
LA DISPUTA ENTRE POSITIVISMO EXCLUYENTE E INCLUYENTE DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA NEOKANTIANA-KELSENIANA
Authors: García Berger Mario
Published: October 2019

El propósito central de este ensayo es mostrar que el debate actual entre el positivismo excluyente y el incluyente se alimenta de, al menos, tres ideas equivocadas acerca de la relación entre el lenguaje jurídico y el moral, la vinculación entre la ciencia y la práctica del derecho y la concepción de lo que es una ciencia normativa. Expuestos estos errores, esbozo una propuesta para entender estas relaciones, fundada en la concepción neokantiana-kelseniana de la ciencia jurídica. De esta doctrina derivo que el lenguaje jurídico y la ciencia del derecho son, respectivamente, el fundamento conceptual del discurso moral y de la práctica jurídica. Asimismo, rechazo la definición que ve en el carácter normativo de la ciencia jurídica la presencia de juicios de valor. En consecuencia, el debate entre el positivismo incluyente y el excluyente debe ser abandonado o, al menos, reformulado.
SOBRE LA TEORÍA DEL DERECHO DE ROBERT ALEXY. ANÁLISIS Y CRÍTICA, DE JAN-R. SIECKMANN
Authors: De Fazio Federico
Published: October 2019

La teoría del derecho de Robert Alexy. Análisis y crítica es un libro escrito por el profesor Jan-R. Sieckmann, de la Universidad Friedrich-Alexander de Erlangen-Nürnberg, y publicado en la prestigiosa serie de teoría jurídica y filosofía del derecho de la editorial Universidad Externado de Colombia. El libro sistematiza un conjunto de trabajos que tratan sobre la conocida teoría del derecho...
IGUALDAD Y PREFERENCIA EN MATERIA RELIGIOSA. EL CASO ARGENTINO
Authors: Alegre Marcelo
Published: October 2019

A la luz de consideraciones históricas, lingüísticas, filosófico-políticas ofrezco una perspectiva interpretativa del artículo 2 de la Constitución Argentina que permite un rango más amplio que el actual de lecturas plausibles. En particular, sugiero que dicha cláusula no requiere (contra una mayoría de las opiniones) el financiamiento público de la religión católica.
NORMAS Y APARATOS CONCEPTUALES: DOS ASPECTOS DEL DERECHO
Authors: Corti Horacio
Published: October 2019

Alchourrón y Bulygin sostienen que el derecho positivo, además de normas, contiene definiciones, que ponen de manifiesto un aparato conceptual a través del cual pensamos la realidad. A partir de esta afirmación argumentaré que hay un aspecto del derecho al que la teoría jurídica no ha prestado la atención que merece: la red de conceptos o categorías a través de la cual el derecho piensa, estructura, esquematiza o imagina la realidad. Sobre la base de una visión pluralista, sostengo que el derecho moderno contiene una red conceptual singular, diferente a la construida por la ciencia y a la que está implícita en la vida cotidiana, aun cuando pueda receptar aspectos de una y otra. Dicho en el léxico de Quine, el derecho incluye criterios propios de objetivación e individuación, es decir, una ontología propia. En ese camino propongo algunas distinciones generales que pueden ser útiles para la descripción del derecho: definiciones expresas e implícitas por un lado; aparatos conceptuales derivados y aparatos conceptuales singulares del derecho, por el otro. La argumentación revela asimismo la relevancia y singularidad de categorías jurídicas muy básicas, como las de persona y cosa.
LOS DRONES, LA MORALIDAD PROFUNDA Y LAS CONVENCIONES DE LA GUERRA
Authors: Rivera López Eduardo
Published: October 2019

El trabajo discute la justificación moral del uso de drones (aviones militares no tripulados) en conflictos armados, tanto desde el punto de vista de la moralidad profunda de la guerra como desde el punto de vista de cuál es la regulación jurídica moralmente justificable. Desde la óptica de la moralidad profunda, argumento que no es posible dar un veredicto general acerca de la permisión o prohibición moral del uso de drones. Desde la óptica de las convenciones jurídicas para regular los conflictos armados, sostengo que la posición más razonable es la de una permisión fuertemente regulada, más que una prohibición absoluta.
LA ÉTICA CONTEMPORÁNEA DE LAS VIRTUDES JUDICIALES FRENTE AL CASO DEL CONFLICTO ARMADO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Lariguet Guillermo
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo quiero llamar la atención sobre un problema relevante no tematizado por la ética contemporánea de la virtud judicial: la acción de los jueces en zonas de conflicto armado en Colombia. Ofreceré diversos ejemplos. Luego, expondré las ventajas y desventajas de seis alternativas teóricas sobre el problema. Al final del trabajo intentaré defender que la frónesis es el recurso adecuado para resolver el problema formulado.
¿QUIÉN TIENE LA CULPA Y QUIÉN PUEDE CULPAR A QUIÉN? UN DIÁLOGO SOBRE LA LEGITIMIDAD DEL CASTIGO EN CONTEXTOS DE EXCLUSIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: A. Beade Gustavo , Lorca Rocío
Published: October 2019

El artículo expone dos visiones acerca de la legitimidad del castigo en contextos de exclusión social. En la primera parte, uno de los autores defiende la idea de que los Estados que incumplen con obligaciones legales previas no pueden inculpar a quienes cometan delitos vinculados con ese incumplimiento. No pueden hacerlo porque no tienen el estatus moral para hacerlo de acuerdo a dos objeciones: la de complicidad y la de hipocresía. En la segunda parte, la segunda autora critica esta solución al sostener que la falta de reciprocidad que caracteriza a la relación política vuelve inaplicables las objeciones de hipocresía y complicidad al ámbito del castigo penal estatal.
EL DERECHO Y EL SILENCIO
Authors: Rivera Ramos Efrén
Published: October 2019

Mi proposición central es sencilla. El silencio es un fenómeno mucho más presente en el mundo jurídico que lo que apreciamos usualmente. Sin embargo, tanto la teoría del derecho como la doctrina han guardado un relativo silencio sobre el silencio en el derecho. Salvo notables excepciones, generalmente dirigidas al examen de aspectos puntuales, se ha procurado muy poco sistematizar la reflexión en torno a lo que el silencio entraña tanto para el carácter mismo del derecho como para la práctica jurídica. Este trabajo, todavía en progreso, pretende contribuir en alguna medida a atender esa situación. Sé que me estoy tomando un riesgo, pues quizás el silencio sea uno de esos fenómenos inefables, inaprehensibles, sobre los que Wittgenstein advertía...
“EL CONTROL JUDICIAL LE CUESTA DEMASIADO A LA DEMOCRACIA”. ENTREVISTA A JEREMY WALDRON
Authors: García Jaramillo Leonardo , Benítez-R. Vicente F.
Published: October 2019

A propósito de su reciente visita a Colombia, invitado por la Corte Constitucional y la Universidad de La Sabana, los profesores Leonardo García Jaramillo y Vicente F. Benítez-R. entrevistaron al profesor Jeremy Waldron. Waldron fue Chichele Professor en la Universidad de Oxford, discípulo y contradictor de Dworkin, y es uno de los autores más influyentes del debate teórico político y constitucional contemporáneo. Actualmente es University Professor de la Universidad de New York (NYU). La traducción al español de la entrevista es también de Leonardo García Jaramillo y Vicente F. Benítez-R...
Repensar la injusticia. Una aproximación filosófica
Authors: Santiago Oropeza Teresa
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo intenta retomar el tema de la injusticia social con el fin de poder construir una caracterización útil para la filosofía política. La hipótesis principal es que el tema de la injusticia es tan importante como el de la justicia —de la cual hay ilustres teorías filosóficas— pero que no puede ser comprendido cabalmente si se le considera solamente como el polo opuesto de esta. En apoyo de esta idea se desarrollan tres dimensiones de la injusticia social: mala distribución de bienes y servicios, exclusión y desempoderamiento, las que se ponen a prueba en un caso particular. De otra parte, se señala la importancia de distinguir a la injusticia de la mala suerte o el infortunio. Estas consideraciones conducen, en la parte final del texto, a tratar el tema de las víctimas y de la posibilidad del cambio.
Frederico Carlos Hoehne e o Horto Oswaldo Cruz
Authors: Bocchi Luna Abrano , Pataca Ermelinda Moutinho
Published: October 2019

O Instituto Butantan (SP) teve ao longo de sua existência algumas atividades voltadas ao estudo da botânica. O Horto Oswaldo Cruz, criado no local, surgiu em meio às discussões sobre a saúde pública e tinha como objetivo o estudo e o cultivo de plantas tóxicas e medicinais. A iniciativa foi chefiada por Frederico Carlos Hoehne, botânico que se notabilizou pelos estudos na área e pela atuação em instituições governamentais paulistas. Neste artigo, analisamos a atuação de Hoehne quando foi responsável pelo horto entre os anos de 1917 e 1924. O estudo aborda as atividades realizadas no local, procurando entender o cotidiano das práticas científicas a partir dos cultivos e da criação de uma rede de interlocutores. A análise dos relatórios anuais do Instituto Butantan e das publicações de autoria de Hoehne explicita como os objetivos traçados foram traduzidos em ações cotidianas, colocando em destaque os interesses ligados à saúde e aos diversos usos que poderiam ser feitos das espécies cultivadas. Os resultados indicam que as orientações governamentais, ainda que importantes, não foram unicamente consideradas. Os interlocutores do horto botânico, as preferências de Hoehne e os limites impostos pelas condições materiais também influenciaram e ajudaram a delimitar o que foi realizado.
Dialogues between Sociology and History
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Miguel , Serpa Sandro
Published: October 2019

Sociology and History, as consolidated scientific and academic projects, have maintained an unusual and paradoxical relationship. The growing disciplinary and sub-disciplinary specialisation of these two sciences poses relevant epistemological and methodological challenges in addressing potential situations of isolation, fragmentation, and in enabling the defence of an interdisciplinary perspective characterised by the historicity of social structures, actions and meanings.Several kinds of reasons shape this diffuse process of approximation/detachment between Sociology and History, namely epistemological and methodological, disciplinary closure, academic and professional reasons, forming what may be called contained dialogues. This paper, starting from the sociological stance of the authors, seeks to add to the reflection on the relevance of a scientific project that aims to affirm an interdisciplinary perspective that may foster the heuristic potentialities of both Sociology and History in the analysis of the complexity of social reality and human action.
Effect of Pre-Lecture Medical Terminology Guidance on Students’ Academic Achievement and Class Participation
Authors: Al-Wadi Hasan Mohsen , Sharaf Alkhabbaz Yusuf Sayed
Published: October 2019

Comprehending English medical terms represents a major obstacle for medical students, especially the none-native English speaking learners that might lead some of them to failure sometimes. This study was intended to examine the usefulness of a “pre-lecture medical terminology guide” in improving those students’ academic achievement and class participation during their study of a physiotherapy course. A two-cycle approach of intervention was followed implementing a written pre-lecture guide in the first cycle, and a written pre-lecture guide with a 5-minute explanatory lecture in the second cycle. The obtained results showed a slight improvement in students’ scoring in the first cycle, but a significant one during the second cycle. In addition, the findings revealed students’ preference of pre-lecture medical terminology guide with a 5-minute explanatory lecture as an effective teaching method for them to understand the medical terms in English. The students also showed a positive feedback towards the pre-lecture guide and felt it helped them understand and memorize difficult medical vocabulary more easily. They also believed that the same technique should be used with other physiotherapy classes.
Neospora caninum: soroepidemiologia de vacas e cães de propriedades leiteiras de Cunha, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Bastos Sintia Barboza , Martins Thais Agostinho , Sammi Ana Sue , Martins Felippe Danyel Cardoso , Cunha Ivo Alexandre Leme da , Barros Luiz Daniel de , Zulpo Dauton Luiz , Garcia João Luis
Published: October 2019

Neosporosis, a parasitic disease prevalent worldwide, is caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, an obligatory intracellular parasite that can cause abortions and infertility in females, resulting in high economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against N. caninum in dairy cattle, and the occurrence of antibodies in dogs from farms in the municipality of Cunha, São Paulo, Brazil. Additionally, eighteen months after the primary study, an analysis to determine the incidence, seroconversion, and occurrence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was conducted in cows. Sampling was carried out in two phases: during the first one, 400 dairy cattle and 50 dog blood samples from 40 farms were collected. During the second phase, blood samples were collected from 119 cows belonging to 16 farms visited 18 months before. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) with titers ? 100 for cattle and ? 50 for dogs considered as positives. The occurrence of antibodies against N. caninum was 15.0% (60/400) and 14.0% (7/50) for cattle and dogs, respectively. After 18 months, the observed incidence of antibodies was 7.4% (4/54), the conversion detected was 71.4% (seropositive to seronegative) and 7.4% (seronegative to seropositive animals), and the observed occurrence was 7.56% (9/119). The calculated odds ratio (OR) was significant (p < 0.05) for abortions, presence of dogs, and parturition stalls. However, protection factors were identified in 2- to 4-year-old dairy cattle and in the number of lactating cows ? 10 animals. Thus, the presence of antibodies against N. caninum in the studied suggested both vertical and horizontal transmission are occurring in cattle.
Code-Switching Between Arabic and English: Reasons, Types and Attitudes as Expressed by EFL Female Students at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ahmad
Published: October 2019

This is a preliminary qualitative quantitative survey of the code-switching reasons, forms and attitudes as expressed by Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University language and translation female students. To achieve this purpose, seventy (70) students responded to an open questionnaire on the various reasons, forms of code-switching and attitudes towards code-switching during the summer semester, 2018. The results revealed that eminent among the reasons behind code-switching was the desire to speak two languages. As for the types of code-switching, these included, according to the participants, switches within the sentence (intrasentential CS), switches that occur at sentence boundary level (intersentential CS) between Arabic and English and switches at the beginning and at the end (Tag CS) of the sentence. As for the attitudes toward code-switching, these were mainly split between those who were positive towards code-switching to indicate, for instance, that the speaker is more knowledgeable and holds a higher educational qualification and rank and those who were negative towards this phenomenon. Also, the study pointed to those participants who expressed their admiration of their mother tongue having strong faith in its communicative potentiality. Other attitudes encompassed mixed attitudes towards code-switching and the need to restrict using code-switching to certain intercultural situations. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends that further in-depth studies are demanded to investigate the various variables that constitute this sociolinguistic behavior and how co-switching may be perceived by some as an avenue for further intercultural and global communication. Meanwhile, the pedagogical implications of CS need to be investigated.
English Compliments by Chinese and German Female EFL Speakers
Authors: Zhu Ruoyu
Published: October 2019

Based in the field of variational pragmatics, the present study investigates the effect of one of the macro-social factors, regional factor, on the use of compliment strategies. More specifically, the present study would like to find out whether in the same situation, the compliment strategies used by Chinese female EFL speakers and German female EFL speakers differ. A questionnaire was designed in order to collect the date, which employs two Discourse Completion Tasks (DCT). A corpus of 20 dialogues were collected, consisting of 10 from Chinese informants and 10 from German informants. In the present study, all social factors, except the regional one, are controlled, which means the informants were asked to complete two dialogues which happen in two given situations, between two friends in the same age group and of the same gender (sex). Furthermore, the gender (sex) and age of the informants are homogenized, which ultimately makes the regional factor the only prominent and researched macro-social factor. After analyzing the date, the results of each of the two given situations are respectively achieved. First, by comparing the frequencies of the two main types of compliments, explicit compliments and implicit compliments, used by Chinese female EFL speakers and German female EFL speakers. Second, by comparing the frequencies of varieties of sub-categories of the two main types of compliments. Moreover, the frequencies of two types of modifiers used in the compliments are objects of analysis. Finally, the results of a previous study on American English compliment strategies is included in the comparison, to show whether the English compliment strategies used by EFL speakers and English native speakers differ.
A New Historicist Perspective of Thomas Preston’s Cambyses: A Lamentable Tragedy Mixed Full of Pleasant Mirth
Authors: Bhatti Abdul Ghaffar , Afzaal Muhammad , Shahzadi Amina , Hu Kaibao
Published: October 2019

This paper aims at the application of new historicist principles to Preston’s Cambyses. It begins with the elaboration of the key assumptions of new historicism. Particularly, the researchers have applied the new historicist concepts such as use of anecdote, historicity of text and textuality of history, discourse and power relations and construction of identity for the purpose of detailed analysis of the play. The available traditional criticism focuses on the topical and political interpretations of the play. The paper evinces a departure from traditional criticism since the researchers contend that Preston has used the literary discourse of Cambyses as an ideological tool to propagate and promote the idea of British Empire and thereby helped fashion the identities of his audience. The play functions as a part of continuum in representing Persians as cultural others with other historical and cultural texts of early modern period. Through the story of a cultural other like Cambyses, the play not only instructs and entertains his audience but also tends to support the dominant ideology of the period. The research findings confirm our contention that the Western playwrights like Preston have deliberately chosen the story to disseminate the idea of British Empire that developed later on but its foundations were laid down in the early modern period.
Design and Development of Cloud Learning Tool for English Sentence Patterns
Authors: Chen Ching-Fan
Published: October 2019

This study aims at providing Taiwanese students at different levels of study with a cloud language learning tool. The design of the learning tool can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the design of the curriculum. It combines paper learning log sheet with a simple computer program to help students write short essays and “tell” the stories. Findings of this study showed that students were highly motivated to make use of the computer learning tool to practice English sentence patterns and to create short essays. In the second stage, the researcher developed a cloud English learning tool that can be used in different types of computer facilities. This learning tool aims at helping students practicing English sentence patterns and at providing teachers with tools to monitor students learning process and performance. In the third stage, the researcher applied this computer learning tool to vocational high school students. The participants were two classes of high school seniors in New Taipei city, with 34 students in each class. One of the two classes was assigned as the experimental group and the other class the control group. The experimental group practiced English sentence patterns, using the cloud English learning tool. The control group was provided with paper handouts and was taught in a traditional way. The results showed a significant difference in performance between the two groups of students, with an F value 4.563 (p<.05). The experimental group had higher mean scores than the control group had. We may conclude that the cloud English learning tool can improve vocational high school students’ English writing skills.

In the three-stage study, the researcher found that students at different levels of study used different types of computer facilities, for example, senior high school students used smart phones or notebooks, junior high school students used desktops in the computer lab, and elementary school students used learning log sheets to learn. Therefore, the researcher integrated HTML 5 and jQuery into a learning system and provided teachers with learning logs forms to download. That is, teachers can apply this learning system to students of different levels of study. The goal of this learning tool is to help students write short English essays.
Generation of special form shift registers using a dedicated software platform
Authors: Augustynowicz Paweł
Published: October 2019

This article describes crucial functionalities of a Unified Framework for Nonlinear Feedback Shift Register Generation (UFfNG). The core of UFfNG framework is a unified algorithm for Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers (NLFSR) enumeration which can be effectively implemented in heterogeneous environments including CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. For the sake of completeness, implementation and efficiency results for each platform are discussed and presented.
Skutki podatkowe likwidacji spółki osobowej
Authors: Sobiech Agnieszka , Sobiech Maciej
Published: October 2019

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie skutków podatkowych likwidacji handlowych spółek osobowych (z wyłączeniem spółki komandytowo-akcyjnej). Likwidacja spółki osobowej oznacza proces obejmujący szereg czynności prawnych i faktycznych zmierzających do zakończenia jej działalności. Pojęcie „likwidacji” w szerokim znaczeniu to wszelkie czynności, które występują w spółce po zajściu zdarzeń będących podstawą rozwiązania spółki (uchwała wspólników o rozwiązaniu spółki, orzeczenie sądu, zajście przyczyn określonych w umowie) aż do jej wykreślenia z rejestru skutkującego utratą bytu prawnego. Celem likwidacji jest zaspokojenie lub zabezpieczenie interesów wierzycieli i podział pozostałej części majątku między wspólników. W ramach czynności likwidacyjnych należy zakończyć bieżące interesy spółki, ściągnąć wierzytelności, wypełnić zobowiązania i upłynnić majątek spółki. Z majątku spółki spłaca się przede wszystkim zobowiązania spółki oraz pozostawia się odpowiednie kwoty na pokrycie zobowiązań niewymagalnych lub spornych. Pozostały majątek spółki podlega podziałowi między wspólników stosownie do postanowień umowy spółki. W przypadku braku stosownych postanowień umowy spłaca się wspólnikom udziały kapitałowe. Jeżeli po spłacie udziałów wspólników pozostanie nadwyżka, dzieli się ją między wspólników w takim stosunku, w jakim uczestniczą oni w zysku, a zatem – w braku odmiennych postanowień umowy – w częściach równych (art. 51 § 1 k.s.h.1). Wszystkie te zdarzenia prawne rodzą określone konsekwencje podatkowe.
Analyzing Patterns of a Bicycle Sharing System for Generating Rental Flow Predictive Models
Authors: Ferreira Viana Johnattan Douglas , Braga Oton Crispim , Silva Lenardo Chaves e , Mendes Neto Francisco Milton
Published: October 2019

Urban mobility has been highlighted as one of the most relevant themes in Smart Cities. Alongside this, following a principle of resource optimization and seeking greater sustainability, bicycle sharing systems have stood out as a resource that can be used to assess urban mobility. The correct analysis of these data and the understanding of the dynamics in these systems can aid in decision making, in addition to optimize the complex urban mobility system. Thus, this work analyzes a Bicycle-Sharing System dataset, which is enriched for us with meteorological and seasonal information. In order to achieve our results, we recognize cyclist activity patterns related to date and climate information, as well as we identify a set of parameters that influences bicycle rental flow. Finally, we explore the relationship between these parameters and patterns, in order to present predictive regression models for rental flow prediction. In our results, Random Forest algorithm was the best approach for the creation of an effective regression model, explaining 95% of the explanatory variables.
DisOpenFaaS: A Distributed Function-as-a-Service Platform
Authors: Vieira Lucas , Vasconcelos Adbys , Batista Ítalo , Silva Rodolfo , Brasileiro Francisco
Published: October 2019

The widespread adoption of cloud computing leads to a constant development of more efficient ways to manage the resources used by it. One of the most recent steps is called Function-as-a-Service (FaaS), a cloud computing service model where developers can focus on developing functions, without worrying with the underlying resources. We propose an architecture for deploying FaaS platforms in hybrid clouds that can be composed by multiple cloud providers. The architecture enables privately deployed FaaS platforms to perform auto-scaling of virtual machines in a distributed infrastructure and routes requests to servers geographically located closest to the clients, considering a scenario where the users of such platform are scattered around the globe.
Realizando o Potencial da Plaforma RIPE Atlas
Authors: Barsand Lucas , Vaz Artur , Bastos João Paulo , Fonseca Osvaldo , Cunha Ítalo
Published: October 2019

A execução de medições de rede é parte integral de esforços de caracterização, engenharia de tráfego e resolução de falhas na Internet.A plataforma RIPE Atlas é uma das maiores plataformas abertas de medições ativas.O RIPE Atlas, porém, impõe duas restrições sobre medições definidas por usuários.Primeiro, orçamentos de medição protegem redes hospedando pontos de medição e destinos contra sobrecargas. Segundo, a API do RIPE Atlas limita quais medições podem ser requisitadas e quando serão executadas.Nós apresentamos o AtlasDNS, um arcabouço que se interpõe entre usuários e a API do RIPE Atlas para prover controle flexível e centralizado de medições, permitindo controle mais preciso de quais medições executar e reduzindo o custo de medições para permitir mais medições dentro do mesmo orçamento.
Utilizando uma plataforma de IoT open source: a Plataforma Konker
Authors: Gonzalez Luis Fernando Gomes , Polinário Douglas , Junqueira Alexandre
Published: October 2019

Neste trabalho será discutida a necessidade crescente do uso de uma plataforma para dispositivos de Internet das Coisas (IoT, do inglês Internet of Things) para atuação em problemas reais cada vez mais complexos. Nesse cenário, serão exibidas a arquitetura e a implementação usadas na plataforma open source de IoT Konker assim como será demonstrado o uso de um dispositivo simples, baseado no microcontrolador ESP8266, acessando a plataforma baseada em nuvem.
SentryIoTOAuth: um Provedor de Serviço de Autenticação e Autorização para Casas Inteligentes baseado no processo ACE-OAuth
Authors: Andrade Richardson B. da S. , Monteiro José A. Suruagy
Published: October 2019

A Internet das Coisas (IoT) está presente em vários domínios, dentre eles o das casas inteligentes. Grande parte das aplicações de IoT realizam comunicação em nuvem para oferecer diversos tipos de serviços aos dispositivos. No entanto, para o cenário de casas inteligentes, por meio do framework ACE-OAuth, um serviço de autenticação e autorização pode ser estabelecido ainda na própria HAN, facilitando na prevenção contra ataques cibernéticos. Para isso, o artigo apresenta a investigação da proposta, a concepção e o desenvolvimento de um protótipo baseado no framework ACE-OAuth. Com esse protótipo, pretende-se que desenvolvedores tenham uma nova compreensão prática do funcionamento dos novos processos de controle de permissão em suas aplicações.
Route Selection and Trajectory Filling in Mobility Traces
Authors: Domingues Augusto C. S. A. , Loureiro Antonio A. F. , Silva Fabrício A.
Published: October 2019

The feasibility of vehicular networks is directly related to the understanding of mobility patterns, which is a necessary knowledge for the elaboration and application of novel algorithms and technologies for such networks. However, there are few traces that represent urban mobility with details and precision. The main objective of this dissertation is to characterize the mobility of vehicles in urban environments and to use this information to propose an algorithm to generate and enrich data in this environment.
Improving Software Middleboxes and Datacenter Task Schedulers
Authors: Sadok Hugo , Campista Miguel Elias M. , Costa Luís Henrique M. K.
Published: October 2019

Shared systems have contributed to the popularity of many technologies. However, these systems often confront a common challenge: to ensure that resources are fairly divided without compromising utilization efficiency. In this master's thesis we look at this problem in two distinct systems - software middleboxes and datacenter task schedulers. We first present Sprayer, a system that uses packet spraying to load balance packets to cores in software middleboxes. Our design eliminates the imbalance problems of per-flow solutions and addresses the new challenges of handling shared flow states that come with packet spraying. Then, we present Stateful Dominant Resource Fairness (SDRF), a task scheduling policy for datacenters that looks at past allocations and enforces fairness in the long run. SDRF reduces users' waiting time on average and improves fairness by increasing the number of completed tasks for users with lower demands, with small impact on high-demand users.