bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINGUÍSTICA E ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS
Authors: Rastier François , BATISTA Maria de Fátima Barbosa de Mesquita
Published: February 2021

A gramática visa ao “sem erros”: toda a frase deve obedecer a suas regras e estadocilidade lhe permite ser reconhecida como tal, em cuja falta, ela seria excluída comoagramatical. As gramáticas desejariam ser mesmo universais, exprimindo as regras doespírito humano da forma como o autoriza a fértil silepse entre o logos como encandeamentoracional, do qual deriva o próprio nome da lógica, e o logos como discurso ou cadeialinguística. Os estoicos, certamente, distinguiram bem o discurso interno, aquele daracionalidade (o logos endiathétos), e o discurso externo (logos prophorikos); mas as duasacepções se remetem mutuamente, de tal forma que o prefixo – logie designa um discursode conhecimento (meteorologia, farmacologia, etc.).
MÍSTICA TEOPOÉTICA DE CHIARA LUBICH
Authors: KOURY JUSSARA , De Araujo Sandra Helena Rios de Araujo
Published: February 2021

Existe um estreito vínculo entre a mística e a poesia. Tanto uma quanto outra é resultante de um colóquio com aquilo que habita o mais profundo do ser. Para o poeta, seu próprio eu; para o místico, o transcendente. Exatamente por ser assim, a poesia que nasce da mística traz, em suas linhas e entrelinhas, os resultantes recamos de luzes como cantos de amor ao Amor por excelência e, por conseguinte, destinados ao bem da humanidade, mesmo se retratam experiências singulares vivenciadas quer sejam nas mais longínquas terras, nos recantos mais desérticos, trancafiadas dentro dos claustros, ou no coração das massas, lado a lado com os seus pares. Esses colóquios, transmutados em versos, têm o poder de extrapolar os delimitados espaços das religiões para penetrar no âmago do ser humano, independente de suas crenças ou descrenças. Assim, teologia e literatura se entrelaçam interdisciplinarmente, ambas alicerçadas em duas vertentes: a inspiração e a palavra, para seguirem em direção ao Belo e se encontrarem na teopoética que traça liames entre teologia e poesia, teologia e literatura, teologia e estética. É isso que buscaremos nesta comunicação: a mística teopoética inclusiva de Chiara Lubich, escrita para todos, decorrente de seu pessoal e contínuo colóquio com o Transcendente – Deus.
CONCEITO DE “UNIDADE”. A PLURALIDADE DO SINGULAR NAS IMAGENS DE CHIARA LUBICH
Authors: Rebelo Helena
Published: February 2021

Chiara Lubich (1920-2008) é uma das figuras femininas mais marcantes do século XX italiano, mas a sua influência não ficou pelas fronteiras italianas, já que o seu carisma (a unidade) se abriu ao mundo. Ao Movimento dos Focolares que fundou, aderiram pessoas de praticamente todos os países hoje existentes, conferindo-lhe um cunho internacional, multicultural e multilingue. Com particular relevância para a Linguística, em especial a Linguística Comparada e a Linguística Românica, a sua intervenção realizou-se essencialmente através da palavra, comunicada oralmente e por escrito em italiano, com traduções em muitíssimas línguas. Procura-se, através de alguns dos seus textos escritos, compreender as imagens linguísticas (construídas com os recursos estilísticos comparações e metáforas) que foi apresentando para explicar a sua mensagem (o carisma) de modo simples a qualquer pessoa. Realça-se, aqui, sobretudo, as imagens que usou para explicitar o conceito de “unidade” e chega-se à conclusão que o singular “unidade” é apresentado como um plural. Designou-se este recurso pedagógico-linguístico de Chiara Lubich por “composição unitária”, revelando-se como uma pluralidade do singular.
A Acta Semiotica et Lingvistica entrevista pessoas que estudaram os escritos de Chiara Lubich ou participaram de sua trajetória como personalidade do mundo contemporâneo.
Authors: Barbosa de M. Batísta Maria de Fátima
Published: February 2021

A Acta Semiotica et Lingvistica entrevistapessoas que estudaram os escritos de ChiaraLubich ou participaram de sua trajetória comopersonalidade do mundo contemporâneo.
A rare case of quadrileaflet mitral valve and ostium primum atrial septal defect
Authors: Fiore Corrado , Oz Tugba Kemaloglu , Lombardi Luigi , Sinani Rebani , Gregorini Renato , Almaghraby Abdallah
Published: February 2021

A 60-year-old female was referred to our clinic for evaluation of her
rapidly progressive dyspnea, she had no previuos history of heart
disease. A murmur was noted on her examination and transthoracic
echocardiography was so difficult to be performed due to poor acoustic
windows so she was referred to do a transesophageal echocardiography
that showed an ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) with left to
right shunt and a quadrileaflet mitral valve with severe regurgitation.
Later on, she underwent surgery with Ostium Primum ASD closure by a
patch and double cleft repair by suture after right heart
catheterization.
Machine learning and HEC-RAS integrated models for flood inundation mapping in Baro River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamiru Habtamu
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the integrated machine learning and HEC-RAS models
for flood inundation mapping in Baro River Basin, Ethiopia. A predictive
rainfall-runoff and spatially distributed river simulation models were
developed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and HEC-RAS
respectively. Daily rainfall and temperature data of 7-yrs and
Topographical Wetness Index (TWI) with a spatial resolution of 50 x 50m
were used to train the ANN in R studio. The integration of the spatial
and temporal variability in this paper improved the accuracy of the
predictive models integrated with ANN and HEC-RAS. The predictive ANN
model was tested with the observed daily discharge of the same temporal
resolution and the rainfall-runoff result obtained from the tested ANN
model was used as input for the HEC-RAS. The flood event of 2005 was
used to verify the accuracy of flood generated in the HEC-RAS model by
implementing the Normal Difference Water Index (NDWI). The comparison
was made between the flood inundation map generated by HEC-RAS and flood
events of different periods based on coverage percentage areas and a
good agreement was reached with 96 % overlapped areas. The performance
of ANN and HEC-RAS models were evaluated with 0.86 and 0.88 values at
the training and testing period respectively. Finally, it was concluded
that the integration of a machine learning approach with the HEC-RAS
model in developing a flood inundation mapping is an appropriate tool to
warn residents in this river basin.
Zolpidem: a masked hero. A reply to ZORRO study
Authors: Lugoboni Fabio , Casari Rebecca , Fusina Francesca , Zamboni Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

The use of zolpidem has been driven by the still-widespread false belief
among doctors that, since zolpidem is chemically not a benzodiazepine,
it cannot lead to addiction and tolerance. We would like to contribute
to better highlight certain characteristics of zolpidem and its
potential as a substance of abuse due to the fact that our operating
unit, which is entirely dedicated to medication abuse, has described
among the most numerous cases of addiction to high doses of
benzodiazepines and related hypnotics. - Zolpidem was in fourth place
among the 29 molecules present on the Italian market; - We believe it’s
now time to drop the term “Z-drugs”: zolpidem, zopiclone e zaneplon
all have different chemical structures, they bind to different receptors
and have completely different abuse potentials3. In our case history,
both zopiclon and zaneplon were virtually absent, albeit being commonly
used in Italy; - Istvan & colleagues highlight the fact that addiciton
and abuse are prevalent in samples suffering from mental illness. In our
case history this hasn’t been confirmed: about half of our patients had
no history of psychiatric illnesses, nor a history of addiction to
illicit substances or alcohol; - Lastly, regarding zolpidem’s
hazardousness, we would like to report the fact that the drug was
significantly preferred by addicts with a positive ADHD test result. In
conclusion, the 2000s saw solid confirmation of the effectiveness of
partial agonists in the treatment of some common addictions, such as
buprenorphine, varenicline, cytisine. This didn’t happen for BZs
Molecular Design of Long Intra-annular Nitrogen Chains：3H-tetrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazole-Based High-Energy-Density Materials
Authors: Zhao Xiuxiu , Zhang Yingchao , Xie Congxia , Tan Long
Published: February 2021

Energetic compounds containing long nitrogen chain, have been a research
hotspot. Fused heterocycles are stable due to their aromatic systems.
The compound obtained by combining long nitrogen chain and fused ring
can not only retain good energetic property, but also ensure better
stability. This work designed eight fused heterocycle-based energetic
compounds, 3H-tetrazolo[1,5-d]tetrazole (1) and its derivatives
(2-8), containing a nitrogen chain with seven nitrogen atoms. The HOF,
thermal stability, and energetic properties of these compounds were
studied by using the DFT method. The results show that the introduction
of -NO2, -N3, -NF2, -ONO2, -NHNO2 groups increased the density, HOF,
detonation velocity, and detonation pressure greatly. The densities of
3, 5, 7, and 8 fall within the range designated for high-energy-density
materials. The calculated detonation velocity of the compounds 3 and 8
are up to 9.86 km s-1 and 9.78 km s-1, which are superior to that of
CL-20. The kinetic study of the thermal decomposition mechanism
indicates that the N-R bonds maybe not the weakest bonds of these
compounds. The tetrazole ring opening of the heterocycle-based energetic
compounds, followed by N2 elimination is predicted to be the primary
decomposition channel, whether or not they have substituent groups.
Surface Microenvironment Optimization Induced Robust Oxygen Reduction for Neutral Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Si , Cheng Han , Xia Jun , Wang Chun , Gui Renjie , Zhou Tianpei , Liu Hongfei , Peng Jing , Zhang Nan , Wang Wenjie , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Hengan , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: February 2021

Neutral zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are promising candidates for the
next-generation power devices with considerably elongated lifetime
comparing to conventional alkaline ZABs. However, neutral cathodic
oxygen reduction reaction is seriously limited by the mass transfer
efficiency of hydroxyl due to insufficient interfacial chemical
potential-gradient between catalytic layer and electrolyte. Herein, we
highlight that electrochemical oxidation induced surface
microenvironment optimization could realize optimal chemical
potential-gradient around catalytic sites and bring outstanding neutral
ORR activity. The electro-deposited sub-nano Pt decorated
surface-microenvironment-optimized Co2N samples (denoted as Pt-SMO-Co2N
NWs) possessed 92 mV and 365 mV lower overpotential than commercial Pt/C
and pristine Co2N in 0.2 M PBS. As for neutral ZABs, Pt-SMO-Co2N NWs
cathode delivers a power density of 67.9 mW*cm−2 and displays negligible
decay after nearly 80 hours stability test at 20 mA*cm-2. In depth
characterization proposes that remarkable performance improvement
originates from optimized microenvironment which increases the surface
chemical potential gradient and facilitates proton coupled electron
transfer during ORR. We anticipated that such synergetic optimization of
microenvironment and intrinsic activity of active sites is an effective
strategy which may be extended the catalytic reactions beyond ORR.
Design of Amino Acid- and Carbohydrate-Based Anticancer Drugs to Inhibit PIM kinases, an In Silico Study
Authors: Kalhor Sepideh , Fattahi Alireza
Published: February 2021

PIM-1 is a serine-threonine kinase which is mainly expressed in tissues
such as Thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and liver. This protein takes a
role in many stages of the cell cycle, including the regulation of cell
cycle progression and apoptosis. According to many studies,
overexpression of PIM kinases happens in various types of human tumors;
such as lymphomas, prostate cancer, and oral cancer. As a result, the
design of drugs to inhibit PIM-1 in cancerous cells has attracted many
attentions in recent years. This study aimed to design the alternative
inhibitors for PIM-1 kinase, which are based on carbohydrates and amino
acids and are expected to be non-toxic and to have the same
chemotherapeutic effects as the traditional agents. The combinatorial
use of quantum mechanics studies and molecular dynamic simulation (MD)
has enabled us to precisely predict the mechanism of the inhibition of
PIM-1 kinase by the novel designed drugs and to compare them with the
recently synthesized chemotherapeutic drugs; such as DBC.
Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography comparison of shorty and standard Class II Carriere Motion appliance
Authors: Wilson Brian , Konstantoni Nikoleta , Kim Ki Beom , Foley Patrick , Ueno Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To compare treatment effects of the standard and shorty Class II Carriere Motion appliances (CMAs) on adolescent patients.

Materials and Methods

Fifty adolescents with Class II malocclusion formed group 1, who were treated with shorty CMA (n = 25, 12.66 ± 1.05 years), and age- and sex–matched group 2, who were treated with standard CMA (n = 25, 12.73 ± 1.07 years). Treatment effects were analyzed by tracing with Invivo software to compare pretreatment (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with post-CMA (T2) CBCT images. A total of 23 measurements were compared within and between groups.

Results

In groups 1 and 2, maxillary first molars showed significant distal movement from T1 to T2 (1.83 ± 2.11 mm and 2.14 ± 1.34 mm, respectively), with distal tipping and rotation in group 1 (6.52° ± 3.99° and 3.15° ± 7.52°, respectively) but only distal tipping (7.03° ± 3.45°) in group 2. Similarly, in both groups, the maxillary first premolars experienced significant distal movement with distal tipping but no significant rotation. In group 1, maxillary canines did not undergo significant distal movement. In both groups 1 and 2, mandibular first molars experienced significant mesial movement (1.85 ± 1.88 mm and 2.44 ± 2.02 mm, respectively). Group 1 showed statistically significantly less reduction in overjet and less canine distal movement with less distal tipping than group 2 (α < .05).

Conclusions

The shorty CMA achieved Class II correction similarly to the standard CMA, with less change in overjet and distal tipping movement of the maxillary canines.
Virgin β-Cells at the Neogenic Niche Proliferate Normally and Mature Slowly
Authors: Lee Sharon , Zhang Jing , Saravanakumar Supraja , Flisher Marcus F. , Grimm David R. , van der Meulen Talitha , Huising Mark O.
Published: February 2021

Proliferation of pancreatic β-cells has long been known to reach its peak in the neonatal stages and decline during adulthood. However, β-cell proliferation has been studied under the assumption that all β-cells constitute a single, homogenous population. It is unknown whether a subpopulation of β-cells retains the capacity to proliferate at a higher rate and thus contributes disproportionately to the maintenance of mature β-cell mass in adults. We therefore assessed the proliferative capacity and turnover potential of virgin β-cells, a novel population of immature β-cells found at the islet periphery. We demonstrate that virgin β-cells can proliferate but do so at rates similar to those of mature β-cells from the same islet under normal and challenged conditions. Virgin β-cell proliferation rates also conform to the age-dependent decline previously reported for β-cells at large. We further show that virgin β-cells represent a long-lived, stable subpopulation of β-cells with low turnover into mature β-cells under healthy conditions. Our observations indicate that virgin β-cells at the islet periphery can divide but do not contribute disproportionately to the maintenance of adult β-cell mass.
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and the Norwegian Courts Moving into 2021
Authors: Ravna Øyvind
Published: February 2021

This article, by the journal's editor-in-chief, is the lead editorial for volume 12 of journal and introduces the first two articles.
Knowledge Enhancement on Lung Cancer and the Disease Prevention for People of Selokaton, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar
Authors: Rejeki Mirah , Kartikawati Umi
Published: February 2021

Degenerative Disease contributes 63% of dead worldwide. It counts for 36 million people’s death every year. The prevalence number of the disease in Indonesia increases constantly. Lifestyle and food consumption habit are identified as two reasons why the disease takes place. One type of the diseases is cancer, where according to the data of World Health Organization, this is the second highest reason of death after cardiovascular disease. Type of cancer with the highest incidence and the top reason of death is lung cancer. In Karanganyar, according to the Health Department data, the occurrence of lung cancer increased from 1 case in 2016 to 5 cases in 2017. This increment alerts the urgent need for prevention and treatment of the disease. The lack of knowledge about lung cancer is the main reason leading to a possible high prevalence number. Based on the situation, the people knowledge about the lung cancer needs to be enhanced. This community development program was set up to achieve that objective through activity of presentation, discussion, and consultation. It involved 36 people in the age of 30-65 year old selected by the local government of Selokaton. The knowledge improvement of the attendees was assessed using pre-test and post-test. It was measured that the knowledge of participants increases from 4.58 at pre-test to 8.53 at post-test. This may indicate their interest on the program. It is expected that their knowledge will motivate then changing lifestyle in order to prevent the disease.
Organizational and legal features of forming integrated development programs in St. Petersburg
Authors:   State Research and Design Center of Saint Petersburg Master Plan, Ershova S. A. , Orlovskaya T. N. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shishelova S. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The problems related to the organizational and legal features of the elaboration of integrated development programs in St. Petersburg are considered. The analysis results of regulatory requirements for integrated development programs are presented, the most important elements of integrated development programs are highlighted reflecting the features of their formation. Problems related to the specifics of developing integrated development programs in St. Petersburg are identified. Based on the results of the study, a sequence of interactions of the executive bodies of the state power for the implementation of the coordination function in the development of integrated development programs is formulated.
Research of non-geometric factors affecting the manufacture and installation of steel structures
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tonakanyan M. M.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the factors affecting the processes of manufacturing and installation of steel structures. The main focus is on the non-geometric factors, the analysis of them is carried out, and dependencies on each other are revealed. Based on these dependencies, recommendations are offered regarding the possibility of improving the methodology for calculating technological tolerances in the manufacture and installation of steel structures.
Instrumental monitoring of the vehicle charging balance
Authors: Puzakov A. V. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: February 2021

The instrumental control of the charging balance makes it possible to quickly assess the efficiency and technical condition of the components of the vehicle power supply system. Factors have been developed that allow assessing the technical condition of the automobile alternator (efficiency factor) and its operation efficiency at the current combination of load and engine speed. The main parameters of the power supply system were measured using a four-channel analog data logger. Further research will be aimed at identifying the changes in the charging balance of the vehicle in case of failures of the automotive alternator and accumulator starting battery.
Innovative management style as an organizational and managerial component of modern entrepreneurship
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Leontyeva M. V.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the innovative style of management as an organizational and managerial component of entrepreneurship, whereby entrepreneurship itself is structured in three key areas, namely, personal, economic, and organizational-managerial ones. Based on this structure and analyzing the current situation, various management styles are considered in the context of existing leadership theories, their impact on the entrepreneurial activity of organizations, and an interpretation of the innovative management style is given. Based on practical experience, the possibility of applying the principles of work within the framework of the «Teal organization» concept as an effective tool for innovative management style is evaluated.
Development of housing construction in the largest regional center in the post-Soviet period (on the example of Novosibirsk)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts, Shalygina D. N. , Erokhin G. P. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts
Published: February 2021

The process of housing construction development in the largest Russian city in the post-Soviet period is analyzed. On the example of Novosibirsk, the authors consider the tendencies of densification of the central and middle parts of the city, as well as territorial expansion of peripheral and suburban residential formations. The similarity of the process of evolution of the housing sector of the largest Russian regional center and cities of the former socialist bloc in the conditions of transition to market relations is shown.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DERAJAT INFEKSI CACING YANG DITULARKAN MELALUI TANAH TERHADAP TINGKAT KECERDASAN PADA ANAK DI SD NEGERI 067775 KOTAMADYA MEDAN
Authors: Samosir Agustina
Published: February 2021

Infeksi cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah (soil transmitted helminthiasis atau STH) masih merupakan masalah dunia terutama di daerah tropik dan sub tropik, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian Pasaribu pada tahun 2003 dan Ezeamama dkk pada tahun 2005 menunjukkan bahwa anak usia sekolah dasar (SD) merupakan kelompok umur yang paling sering terinfeksi oleh cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak SD paling sering berkontak dengan tanah sebagai sumber infeksi. Infeksi cacing yang cukup tinggi prevalensinya di Indonesia adalah infeksi cacing yang disebabkan oleh cacing ascaris lumbricoides, cacing tambang dan trichuris trichiura. Mengingat bahwa prevalensi tertinggi infeksi kecacingan STH terdapat pada anak usia sekolah dasar, dikuatirkan infeksi cacing dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kecerdasan seorang anak. Belum diketahui secara pasti bagaimana proses ini terjadi,  namun diduga proses ini terjadi secara tidak langsung, mungkin melalui kejadian anemia dan malnutrisi yang diderita anak akibat terinfeksi kecacingan STH. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 2012 pada murid sekolah dasar kelas IV, V dan VI SD Negeri 067775 Kota Medan. Populasi studi berjumlah 150 orang anak usia 8-12 tahun. Sampel studi dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik sampling purposive dengan melakukan pemeriksaan tinja murid-murid populasi studi. 62 murid (41%) ditemukan positif terinfeksi cacing dan dipilih sebagai sampel studi. Tingkat nutrisi, antropometrik, anemia dan kecerdasan murid-murid terpilih kemudian diukur. Tingkat kecerdasan diukur dengan menggunakan indikator WISC (Wechsler Intelligance Scale for Children). Data yang dikumpulkan diolah dengan menggunakan tabulasi silang dan statistika nonparametrik uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada SD Negeri 067775 Kota Medan dijumpai anak dengan derajat infeksi ringan 63%, infeksi sedang 37% dan infeksi berat 0%. Dari penelitian ini juga diperoleh bahwa tingkat kecerdasan mental defective 12,9%, borderline 25,8%, low average 29,0%, average 27,4% dan high average 4,8%. Statistik uji z Kolmogorov Smirnov tentang hubungan antara tingkat infeksi STH dan tingkat kecerdasan adalah 3.413. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat infeksi cacing STH terhadap tingkat kecerdasan pada anak di SD 067775 Kota Medan.   Kata Kunci:     Infeksi cacing STH, derajat infeksi, tingkat kecerdasan, kejadian anemia, status gizi, Medan, Indonesia.
POLA KUMAN BILASAN BRONKUS PADA TINDAKAN BRONKOSKOPI SERAT OPTIK LENTUR (BSOL) DI RSUP. H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN
Authors: Setiarman Setiarman
Published: February 2021

Bronkoskopi adalah suatu tindakan  invasif  semi operatif  dengan meggunakan bronkoskopi serat optik lentur untuk memeriksa, menilai dan mengobati  kelainan saluran napas.Tindakan ini tidak terlepas dari penularaninfeksi nosokomial, oportunistik. Selama priode 1 Januari 2013 sampai 31 Desember 2013. Berbagai diagnosa klinis baik penderita rawat inap maupun rawat jalan  dilakukan tindakan bronkoskopi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bagaimanakah Pola Kuman Bilasan Bronkus Pada Tindakan Bronkoskopi Serat Optik Lentur (BSOL) di RSUP.Haji Adam Malik Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Retrospektif dengan sekali pengamatan, data diambil dari rekam medik hasil kultur  BAL dari laboratorium RSUP. Haji Adam Malik Medan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 148 sampel didapat hasil kultur 148 sampel yang tumbuh mikroorganisme. Karakteristik umur hasil penelitian terbanyak antara41-60 tahun (60,8%). Karakteristik jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki (80,4%). Diagnosa klinis terbanyak hasil penelitian adalah Ca paru (38,5%), Pneomonia (31,1%), TB paru (13,5%). Pola mikroorganisme  adalah Burkholderia cepacia (28,9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (20,1%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (17,4%), Klebsiella pneumonia ESBL+(9,4%). Uji sensitifitas terhadap antimikroba penelitian iniadalah Meropenem (74,3%), Levfloxacin (63,5%) Tigecycline (59,5%), Amikasin (54,7%), Piperacillin tazobactam (52,0%) dan Ceptazidine (50,7%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini variabel jenis kelamin, umur berhubungan erat dengan diagnosa klinis Ca paru. Masih ditemukan pola mikroorganisme pada diagnosa klinis  kultur BAL pada tindakan (BSOL) yang sebelum tindakan alat didesinfektan tingkat tinggi (Cidex). Disarankan agar sebelum dilakukan prosedur bronkoskopi tenaga kesehatan harus mengerti arti pentingnya kebersihan diri, tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadi kontak  infeksi silang  antara pasien dengan tenaga kesehatan, fasilitas kesehatan, kebersihan pakaian, kebersihan penyediaan airbersih,dan lain-lain  harus mengacu  pada pedoman standard kebersihan rumah sakit agar memutus rantai penyebab infeksi opotunistik dan infeksi nosokomial.   Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Ca paru, Pneumonia, Tindakan BSOL
Induction of Barangan Banana shoot (Musa acuminata L.) from North Nias through Tissue Culture by giving 2,4-D and Kinetin
Authors: Zebua Destarius , Rahayu Suci , Hanum Saleha
Published: February 2021

The research on induction of banana barangan shoot (Musa acuminata L.) from North Nias through tissue culture by giving 2,4-D and kinetin was conducted in the Laboratory of Tissue Culture  University of North Sumatera from May until October 2014. The main objective of this research was to know the explants of banana weevil in apical and basal position with growth regulator 2,4-D with kinetin which are able to induce shoots from callus initials. On this research, the treatment tested for induction of shoots was growth regulators 2,4-D in the concentration 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 1,5 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 2,5 mg/L with growth regulators kinetin in the concentration 0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 6 mg/L, 7 mg/L and 8 mg/L. The research was designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) two factorial with repetition of experiment. The results of research showed that the interaction between concentration of 2,5 mg/L 2,4-D with 5 mg/L kinetin was fastest (79 days) forming the shoot derived from explant basal part. The concentration of 2,5 mg/L 2,4-D with 5 mg/L kinetin produced the average number of shoots formed for 3.00 and average number of highest shoots for 1.50 cm. Keywords: Musa acuminata, weevil, initiation, callus, shoot, induction, barangan banana, 2,4-D, kinetin.
Effect Of Ethanol Leaf Extract Bangunbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) As Preventive And Curative Rhodamine B Toxic Effects On The Kidney Histopathology White Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Situmorang Rianita , Silitonga Melva
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to obtain empirical data on weight changes, changes in the ratio of kidney and renal histopathologic state of rats given ethanol extract of leaves bangunbangun and Rhodamine B on preventive and curative treatment. This study was an experimental study with non factorial completely randomized design. In this study using 40 rats were divided into 8 treatment, the control group were given CMC 1%, Rhodamine B dose of 980 mg / kg bw, and preventive curative doses of ethanol extract of the leaves bangunbangun 350 mg / kg bw, 700 mg / kg bw, and 1050 mg / kg bw. Making the histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data obtained and analyzed by ANOVA LSD test using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that the ethanol extract of leaves bangunbangun treatment preventive dose of 350 mg / kg bw and 700 mg / kg bw gives a significant effect on weight gain, whereas treatment curative ethanol extract of leaves bangunbangun give a significant effect on weight gain at a dose of 350 mg / kg bw and 1050 mg / kg bw. Ethanol extract of the leaves bangunbangun treatment preventive dose of 350 mg / kg bw and 700 mg / kg bw gives a significant effect on the ratio of the kidney, whereas treatment curative ethanol extract of leaves bangunbangun give a significant effect on the ratio of the kidney with a dose of 350 mg / kg bw, 700 mg / kg bw, and 1050 mg / kg bw. Bangunbangun leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 350 mg / kg bw, 700 mg / kg bw, and 1050 mg / kg bw on preventive and curative treatment did not show any significant effect on glomerular diameter. Bangunbangun ethanol extract of the leaves can also prevent and reduce the toxic effects on the kidney.   Keywords: Plectranthus amboinicus, body weight, ratio of kidney, diameter of the glomerulus, the kidney
Pengaruh Kitosan Terhadap Kadar Residu Pb Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus Sp.) Jantan Yang Dipapari Plumbum Asetat
Authors: Jeni Simatupang Ulina Catarina
Published: February 2021

The  study aimed to determine the effect of chitosan on  the kidney of rats (Rattus sp.) exposed to lead acetate. Thirty five male animals weighing 250g were divided into 7 groups:  K group as a control (without treatment), P1  received  Pb (40 mg/kg bw as lead acetate),  while P2, P3, and P4, all received Pb (40 mg/kg bw) and chitosan (0,5%, 0,75%, and 1% respectively). P5 group received only chitosan (1%) and P6 group received acetic acid. After 7 weeks of  treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the kidneys were isolated. Kidney damage was observed with residue of Pb in kidney tissue was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotography. Chitosan able to decrease kidney damage resulted from  Pb treatment. Residue of Pb in the  kidney of rat exposed to Pb acetate was decreased after chitosan treatment. In conclusion, chitosan has the ability to reduce residue of Pb after exposed Pb. The effectiveness of chitosan as a chelating agent for Pb in the organs is important  for   further investigated. Keywords: Pb, chitosan, kidny, residual Pb,AAS
Organogenesis Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Asal Eksplan Bunga Betina
Authors: Larasati Tyas , Rahayu Suci , Harahap Fauziyah
Published: February 2021

The objectives of this research were to composed organ from callus culture and to found the best concentration of plant growth regulator for organ growth from female flower explant of oil palm. This research has already done from June 2014 to May 2015 at Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Science University of North Sumatera. This research used Nonfactorial Completely Random Design. Explant was treated with five concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; 99, 110, 120, 132, and 140 mg/L) for callus induction on Y3 medium (Eeuwens 1976). The result of this research showed that organ was formed from this treatment (basal segment of female flower explant) was root organ. 2,4-D plant growth regulator positively affected to growing of the root. The best result for time of callus induction, time of root growth, the highest percentage of explants that formed the root, fresh weight and dry weight of callus that has become the root generation was resulted from 99 mg/L 2,4-D.   Key words: Elaeis guineensis Jacq., female flower, plant growth regulator 2,4-D, organogenesis
POTENSI EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG LOKIO (Allium chinense G. Don) DALAM MENGHAMBAT Escherichia coli DAN MENINGKATKAN MASA SIMPAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Authors: Lumbantoruan Grace Emalia Masniari , Priyani Nunuk , Jamilah It
Published: February 2021

Bawang Lokio (Allium chinense G. Don) banyak tumbuh di Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, sehingga disebut “Bawang Batak” oleh suku Batak. Kandungan senyawa alami dari tanaman ini dalam pengawetan makanan segar belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum dari ekstrak etanol umbi bawang Lokio dalam menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli yang diisolasi dari ikan Nila dan meningkatkan masa simpan ikan Nila. Aktivitas antimikroba diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi 0, 7.5, 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50% (b/v). Untuk uji pengawetan ikan segar, ikan Nila yang telah disiangi, direndam dalam ekstrak etanol umbi bawang Lokio konsentrasi 100%, disimpan selama 36 jam pada suhu ambient (27 °C) dan kulkas (4 °C) dengan waktu pengamatan setiap interval 6 jam. Parameter pengamatan ialah perubahan organoleptik, Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) bakteri dan Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN). Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak etanol umbi bawang Lokio adalah 10% dengan kategori sedang terhadap E. coli. Berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), nilai organoleptik ikan Nila dapat diterima hingga penyimpanan jam ke-30, sementara nilai ALT dan TVBN sampai jam ke-18. Hal ini berbeda secara signifikan dengan kontrol negatif yang memberikan kelayakan ikan hanya sampai 6 jam. Perbedaan aktivitas senyawa antimikroba pada konsentrasi yang berbeda dan suhu penyimpanan menjadi penyebab turunnya mutu ikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol umbi bawang Lokio menghambat E. coli pada konsentrasi hambat minimum 10% serta masa simpan ikan Nila maksimal adalah 18 jam pada suhu ambient.   Kata Kunci: Bawang Lokio, ikan Nila, masa simpan, Sumatera Utara.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BANGUNBANGUN (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng) SEBAGAI PREVENTIF DAN KURATIF TERHADAP EFEK TOKSIK RHODAMIN B PADA HISTOPATOLOGI LIMPA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Sitorus Dora Monica , Silitonga Melva
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun bangunbangun (EEDB)  dari perlakuan preventif dan kuratif pada tikus yang diberi rhodamin B melalui pengamatan rasio limpa dan gambaran histopatologi limpa meliputi sentrum germinativum dan zona marginalis. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap non factorial. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok kontrol (CMC 1 %) (K), rhodamin B (Rh), ekstrak etanol daun bangunbangun dosis 350 mg/kg bb (E1), 700 mg/kg bb (E2), dan 1050 mg/kg bb (E3) untuk perlakuan preventif dan hal yang sama di lakukan pada perlakuan kuratif. Pada perlakuan preventif, EEDB diberikan diberikan pada hari ke -1 hingga hari ke-42 dan rhodamin B diberikan mulai hari ke-22 hingga hari ke-42. Pada perlakuan kuratif terlebih dahulu diberikan rhodamin B pada hari pertama hingga hari ke-21, kemudian EEDB diberikan mulai hari ke-22 hingga hari ke -42 dan rhodamin B di hentikan. Pembuatan histopatologi dilakukan dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANAVA satu arah dan diuji lanjut dengan uji LSD dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 17.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada perlakuan preventif EEDB menurunkan rasio limpa dan  diameter sentrum germinativum  pada dosis 700 mg/kg bb, dan menurunkan zona marginalis pada dosis 1050 mg/kg bb. Pada perlakuan kuratif  memberikan pengaruh nyata menurunkan rasio  limpa terhadap berat badan dan zona marginalis pada dosis 350 mg/kg bb dan menurunkan diameter sentrum germinativum pada 1050 mg/kg bb.   Kata Kunci : Bangunbangun, Limpa, Rhodamin b,  Sentrum germinativum,  Zona  marginalis.
RESPON BEBERAPA VARIETAS BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) TERHADAP BERBAGAI DOSIS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR PADA ULTISOL
Authors: Nurmajdi I , Syarif A , Suswati Suswati
Published: February 2021

Produksi bawang merah di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah berkisar antara 4.4-12.6 ton ha-1 sedang potensi hasil yang dapat dicapai 16 ton ha-1. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produksi bawang merah adalah pemilihan varietas yang kurang tepat dan rendahnya mutu umbi yang digunakan sebagai bibit. Pada kegiatan ini telah dilakukan pengujian berbagai dosis Fungi mikoriza arbuskular terhadap  respon beberapa varietas bawang merah pada Ultisol. Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh dosis yang terbaik dan kombinasi dosis FMA dan varietas bawang merah yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil panen umbi di dataran rendah. Percobaan dilakukan dalam pola faktorial 3 x 4 yang dirancang menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis FMA multispora (C) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu : C0= kontrol; C1=10 g polibag-1; C2=20 g polibag-1; C3=30 g polibag-1 dan faktor kedua adalah varietas bawang merah (V) dengan 3 taraf yaitu V1=Bima;V2=Kuning dan V3= varietas Bangkok. Setiap petak percobaan berukuran 80x110 cm dengan jarak antar plot dalam setiap satuan percobaan 10x10 cm sehingga diperoleh 12 polibag tanaman dalam satu plot. Parameter pengamatan diantaranya Laju asimilasi bersih (LAB), laju tumbuh relatif (LTR) pada umur 14-21 hst dan bobot kering panen. Aplikasi FMA akan mempengaruhi LAB dan LTR ketiga varietas tanaman bawang merah. LAB ketiga varietas bawang merah dengan dosis 10-20 g polibag-1 menunjukkan respon yang tidak berbeda nyata, pada dosis yang lebih tinggi (30 g polibag-1) justru LAB menurun. Aplikasi FMA pada ketiga varietas menyebabkan  LTR  yang berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Peningkatan dosis 10 g hingga 20 g menunjukkan LTR yang tidak berbeda nyata pada varietas Bima Brebes, sedang pada varietas Kuning pemberian dosis 10 g – 30 g LTR tidak berbeda nyata, sebaliknya peningkan dosis dari 20 g hingga 30 g polibag-1 pada Bima Brebes menyebabkan penurunan LTR. Varietas Bangkok memiliki respon yang terbaik terhadap FMA dengan dosis 10 g polibag-1dengan produksi umbi 98.88 g setara dengan 15.82 ton ha-1( populasi 160.000 tanaman ha-1).   Kata kunci : bawang merah, Fungi mikoriza arbuskular, multispora, LAB, LTR, produksi
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN EKSTRAK REBUNG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KacangPanjang (VignasinensisL.)
Authors: Febriantami Astrice , Nusyirwan Nusyirwan
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk hormon tanaman unggul dan ekstrak rebung terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - April 2017, di rumah kaca FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan jalan Willem Iskandar pasar V Medan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor yaitu pupuk hantu (P) dan ekstrak rebung (R) masing-masing menggunakan 4 taraf perlakuan. Jumlah kombinasi perlakuan adalah 16 dengan ulangan 2, sehingga jumlah unit percobaan adalah 32 percobaan. Dengan menggunakan ANAVA hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah daun,luas daun, jumlah bunga,jumlah buah, dan berat buah memiliki hasil yang berbeda dari masing-masing perlakuan. Untuk jumlah daun rata-rata paling tinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pupuk hantu 3ml/1L air dan ekstrak rebung 15 ml (P3R3) dengan jumlah 25buah, luas daun rata-rata paling tinggi pada perlakuan pupuk hantu 1 ml/1L air dan ekstrak rebung 0 ml (P1R0) dengan luas 32cm2, jumlah bunga tanaman kacang panjang yang memiliki rata-rata paling tinggi yaitu pada perlakuan pupuk hantu 3 ml/1L air dan ekstrak rebung 15 ml (P3R3) dengan jumlah 6,5buah, jumlah polong tanaman kacang panjang yang memiliki rata-rata paling tinggi yaitu pada perlakuan pupuk hantu 3 ml/1L air dan ekstrak rebung 15 ml (P3R3) dengan jumlah 8buah, dan berat polong kacang panjang yang memiliki rata-rata paling tinggi yaitu pada perlakuan pupuk hantu 3 ml/1L air dan ekstrak rebung 10 ml (P3R2) dengan nilai 289,85gr. Hasil dari pemberian pupuk hantu dan ekstrak rebung tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah bunga, dan jumlah buah, tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap berat buah tanaman kacang panjang. Kata kunci : Pupuk Hantu, Ekstrak Rebung, Tanaman Kacang Panjang.
THE DEVELOPMENT of a SAFE and OPTIMIZED GENE THERAPY for HUMAN DISEASES
Authors: Supit Alva , Tompodung Linda
Published: February 2021

Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of a gene or nucleic acid into a patient’s cells to cure or alleviate the symptoms of a disease that was caused by genetic malfunction, either gain- of loss-of function. Throughout the years, gene therapy has been faced with fluctuations of development before reaching its current stage. In the early stage, gene therapy was concerned to possess several problems such as toxicity, mutagenesis, and adverse immune responses which would harm the patients, instead of benefiting them. Fortunately, gene therapy has currently reached the phase where its administration can be performed in a safe, controllable manner with a good tolerability and excellent therapeutic effect. This review will recite the development of gene therapy research, highlight the vector-related safety issues, and discuss the latest updates in recent clinical trials with promising results in correcting gene defects in the cell, reducing the symptoms of the disease, as well as improving the patient’s quality of life.
KEMANJURAN IgY KUNING TELUR AYAM YANG TELAH MEMPEROLEH SUPLEMENTASI PIRIDOKSIN MENCEGAH KELAINAN OLEH Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Silitonga Pasar Maulim , Silitonga Melva , Nugrahalia Meida
Published: February 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji kemanjuran IgY kuning telur ayam yang telah memperoleh suplementasi piridoksin dalam mencegah kelainan yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi bakteri S.Enteritidis. Telur dikoleksi dari ayam petelur yang telah diberi suplementasi piridoksin dosis 3 mg/kg dan diinjeksi dengan S. Enteritidis sebanyak 1,0 ml  (109sel/ml).  Pada uji kemanjuran IgY digunakan 10 ekor tikus putih dewasa yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yang terdiri dari lima ekor setiap kelompok. Kelompok P diberi kuning telur selama 31 hari , kelompok K  (control)  tidak diberi kuning telur. Setelah perlakuan kuning telur selesai, semua tikus putih disuntik dengan S.Enteritidis 1,0 ml  (109sel/ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IgY antidiare yang terkandung dalam kuning telur ayam yang telah memperoleh suplementasi piridoksin, cukup efektif mempertahankan kadar kalium dan albumin serum sebagaimana pada kondisi normal.
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BAH BOLON DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Silalahi Mastiur Verawaty
Published: February 2021

Sungai Bah Bolon adalah salah satu sungai yang mengalir dari Kota Pematangsiantar dan Kabupaten Simalungun,Sumatera Utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air berdasarkan parameter fisika (suhu), dan parameter kimia (pH,DO,BOD,NH3). Penentuan titik sampel menggunakan “sample survey method” yaitu metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan membagi menjadi beberapa segmen atau titik yang dapat mewakili populasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka dapat  disimpulkan bahwa Sungai Bah Bolon menurut baku mutu pada parameter fisika (Suhu) dikatakan normal. Dan berdasarkan parameter kimia  terdapat penentuan pH, DO, BOD, dan kadar  NH3. Menurut keasaman (pH) air pada Sungai Bah Bolon  dikatakan normal karena dibawah deviasi baku mutu. Berdasarkan  baku mutu, DO harus  lebih besar dari 5, maka DO pada Sungai Bah Bolon tergolong normal (5,72-6,11). Menurut hasil BODnya dapat disimpulkan  bahwa BOD pada Sungai Bah Bolon tergolong pada tingkat pencemaran sedang.  Dan menurut baku mutu, hasilnya NH3 (ammonia) juga dapat disimpulkan pada  tingkat pencemarannyaa sedang.
DIVERSITY OF LAND ARTHROPODA ON PEOPLE’S PLANTATIONS AT JAWATONGAH VILLAGE, HATONDUHAN SUB-DISTRICT IN SIMALUNGUN NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Siagian Gunaria
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the diversity, abundance, dominance index, similarity index and inequality of land arthropods in the people's plantations in the village of Jawatongah, Hatonduhan Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency. This research was conducted in October 2019 until November 2019. Sampling was carried out at 5 stations in the People's plantation in Jawatongah Village, Hatonduhan District, Simalungun Regency. Data retrieval is done 3 times using trap traps. From the results of research and data analysis found 9 orders and 1 family consisting of 9 orders and 16 families consisting of: Formicidae, Flatidae, Silphidae, Anobiidae, Labiduridae, Tephritidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae, Gryllidae, Anobiidae, Labiduridae, Tephritidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae, Gryllidae, Anobiidae, Labiduridae, Tephritidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Simuliidae, Blephariceridae, Gryllidae, Acobiidae, Acrididae, Phrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae, Acrididae. Lachesillidae, Liposcelidae, Pholidae, Araneidae, Ageleidae. The highest relative abundance of soil Arthropods was Tephritidae (71, 486%), the lowest was Liposcelidae and Aranidae (0.367%). The diversity index of the Athropods of the soil ranged from 0.996-1.536. The dominance index ranged from 0, 27155 - 0.53598. From these observations it can be seen that in general the Tephritidae group dominates all places in the study location. For the Arthropod similarity index of land in the smallholder plantations of Jawatongah village, Hatonduhan sub-district, Simalungun Regency, ranged between 55.56% - 80%. Knowledge and knowledge about diversity, abundance, status and distribution of animals are very important for humans and need to be preserved to improve the welfare of society, especially in agriculture.