bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil and Crop Ecosystem with Advanced Techniques to Mitigate Them
Authors: Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Rajkumar Arnab , Baro Ankita , Das Bikash Chandra , Talukdar Nilabh
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal pollution in soils has become widespread globally due to both natural processes and human activities. Geologic and anthropogenic activities, such as mining, industrial processes, and agricultural practices, significantly contribute to heavy metal accumulation in soil, posing threats to both plant and animal health. These metals endure in the environment and build up in organisms because they resist breakdown or metabolism. They enter the food chain via primary producers and move up as higher trophic levels consume them. This contamination adversely affects the overall human health, plant growth, performance, and yield and also impacts the soil properties. To minimize this effect of heavy metal toxicity, bioremediation emerges as a highly effective method for treating such polluted soils, often conducted in situ, making it suitable for crop establishment or reestablishment. Bioremediation encompasses various techniques like bioventing, biostimulation, air sparging, natural attenuation, phytoremediation, vermistabilization, rhizofiltration, biosorption etc. Both microorganisms and plants play crucial roles in bioremediation, with the combined approach ensuring more efficient cleanup. However, the success of this method depends significantly on the specific species involved. Traditional physical and chemical remediation methods are often costly and fail to restore soil suitability for plant growth. In contrast, bioremediation offers a more environmentally friendly and economically viable solution, leveraging natural processes to encourage plant growth on contaminated soils.
Mühendislik Tasarım Becerileri Özyeterlik Algı Ölçeği’nin (MTBÖAÖ) Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Kahraman Nazan , Yecan Esra , Taskın Ekıcı Fatma , Kara İzzet
Published: May 2024

Mühendislik tasarımı, yeni fikirlerin disiplinler arası bakış açısıyla ürün ya da hizmete dönüştürülme sürecidir. Bu araştırmada bu sürece yönelik beceriler çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının mühendislik tasarım becerilerine yönelik öz yeterlik algılarının (MTBÖA) belirlenebilmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırmada öncelikle amaçlı örneklem yoluyla seçilen öğrencilerle nitel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Madde oluşturma ve uzman görüşüne başvurma aşamaları sonrasında ön deneme çalışması yürütülmüş, ardından maddelerde ekleme, çıkarma ve düzenleme yapılmıştır. Son olarak, oluşturulan ölçek formunun geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) yapılan birinci grupta 276; doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılan (DFA) ikinci grupta 211 öğretmen adayı yer almıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları sonucunda, 35 madde ve 5 faktörden oluşan ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının mühendislik tasarım becerilerine yönelik öz yeterlik algılarının araştırılması ve mühendislik tasarım becerilerinin karmaşık ve belirsiz kavramsal yapısının giderilmesi bağlamında çalışmanın alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Numerical study of solid–liquid fluidization dynamics
Authors: Gevrin Frédéric , Masbernat Olivier , Simonin Olivier
Published: March 2010

A numerical model based on the kinetic theory of granular media has been tested to simulate the unsteady two‐phase flow in solid–liquid fluidized beds. We focus here on the local unsteady flow features as predicted by the model and comparison with experimental data of Zenit and Hunt (2000) are discussed. In most of the cases, a series of two‐dimensional rotational structures develops along the bed height, which controls the instantaneous solid fraction field as well as the level of fluctuating kinetic energy of the particles. Interestingly, with high inertia particles and at high solid concentration, these structures disappear to the benefit of a one‐dimensional oscillating flow. The shape of these concentration waves is very similar to those previously observed by Nicolas et al. (1999) and Duru et al. (2002). The solid fraction density spectrum and variance have been analyzed and compared with the experimental data of Zenit and Hunt. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Modeling of adsorption isotherm of a binary mixture with real adsorbed solution theory and nonrandom two‐liquid model
Authors: Sochard Sabine , Fernandes Nuno , Reneaume Jean‐Michel
Published: March 2010

Gas‐phase adsorption equilibria of diluted mixtures of methyl‐ethyl‐ketone and isopropylanol on activated carbon were investigated. Experimental isotherms were determined by a constant volume method. Single‐component adsorption isotherms were fitted by the frequently used Toth model with good accuracy. Then adsorption isotherms were determined for different binary mixtures (with different initial ratio of the two components). Binary mixtures adsorption isotherms were calculated using the adsorbed solution theory. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) could not represent experimental data, but it was observed that increasing amount of MEK led to higher nonideality of the mixture. Then UNIversal QUAsi Chemical (UNIQUAC) and nonrandom two‐liquids (NRTL) models were considered to describe activity coefficients of the adsorbed phase. The fitted parameters of UNIQUAC model depend on the ratio of the two components, whereas the NRTL model is able to fit all experiments with the same parameters, whatever the initial ratio may be. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Gravitational drainage of compressible organic materials
Authors: Christensen Morten Lykkegaard , Dominiak Dominik Marek , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Keiding Kristian , Sedin Maria
Published: March 2010

A model was developed to simulate drainage of compressible particle suspensions, and study how cake compression and volumetric load influence the process. The input parameters were settling velocity, cake resistance and compressibility. These parameters were found using a new experimental method. Dextran‐MnO2 particle suspensions were drained as these resemble organic waste slurries with respect to settling and compressibility. It was demonstrated that cake compressibility must be taken into account to obtain adequate simulations. This implies that pressurized filtration resistances cannot be used for drainage simulations. In the filtration step, a distinct increase of dry matter from top to bottom of the cake was observed. During the subsequent consolidation, the cake compressed and a uniform dry matter profile was found. The final dry matter content of the cake increased with feed concentration and volumetric load. The drainage time increased proportionally with feed concentration and, more importantly, proportionally with squared volumetric load. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
The effect of supercritical water on the hydroconversion of Tahe Residue
Authors: Gao Liang , Liu Yuandong , Wen Langyou , Huang Weixia , Mu Xuhong , Zong Baoning , Fan Honglei , Han Buxing
Published: March 2010

The effect of supercritical water (SCW) on the hydroconversion of Tahe residue has been investigated at different temperatures and hydrogen pressures. It was demonstrated that introduction of water into the reaction could reduce the amount of coke formed and increased the yield of liquid product. The isotopic tracer method was used to determine quantitatively the extent of hydrogen exchange between water and the liquid product. The results indicated that the degree of hydrogen exchange of the liquid product with water decreased slightly with increasing hydrogen pressure. About 40% of the water molecules involved in hydrogen exchange with the oil residue as the concentration of water in the reaction mixture was 10 wt %. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Working to eat: Vulnerability, food insecurity, and obesity among migrant and seasonal farmworker families
Authors: Borre Kristen , Ertle Luke , Graff Mariaelisa
Published: March 2010

Background

Food insecurity and obesity have potential health consequences for migrant and seasonal farm workers (MSFW).

Methods

Thirty‐six Latino MSFW working in eastern North Carolina whose children attended Migrant Head Start completed interviews, focus groups and home visits. Content analysis, nutrient analysis, and non‐parametric statistical analysis produced results.

Results

MSFW (63.8%) families were food insecure; of those, 34.7% experienced hunger. 32% of pre‐school children were food insecure. Food secure families spent more money on food. Obesity was prevalent in adults and children but the relationship to food insecurity remains unclear. Strategies to reduce risk of foods insecurity were employed by MSFW, but employer and community assistance is needed to reduce their risk.

Conclusions

Food insecurity is rooted in the cultural lifestyle of farmwork, poverty, and dependency. MSFW obesity and food insecurity require further study to determine the relationship with migration and working conditions. Networking and social support are important for MSFW families to improve food security. Policies and community/workplace interventions could reduce risk of food insecurity and improve the health of workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:443–462, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selection of sleeping trees in pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus)
Authors: Phoonjampa Rungnapa , Koenig Andreas , Borries Carola , Gale George A. , Savini Tommaso
Published: March 2010

Selection and use patterns of sleeping sites in nonhuman primates are suggested to have multiple functions, such as predation avoidance, but they might be further affected by range defense as well as foraging constraints or other factors. Here, we investigate sleeping tree selection by the male and female members of one group of pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) at Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Data were collected on 113 nights, between September 2006 and January 2009, yielding data on 201 sleeping tree choices (107 by the female and 94 by the male) and on the characteristics of 71 individual sleeping trees. Each sleeping tree and all trees ≥40 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in the home range were assessed (height, DBH, canopy structure, liana load) and mapped using a GPS. The gibbons preferentially selected tall (mean=38.5 m), emergent trees without lianas. The majority of the sleeping trees (53.5%) were used only once and consecutive reuse was rare (9.5%). Sleeping trees were closer to the last feeding tree of the evening than to the first feeding tree in the morning, and sleeping trees were located in the overlap areas with neighbors less often than expected based on time spent in these areas. These results suggest avoidance of predators as the main factor influencing sleeping tree selection in pileated gibbons. However, other non‐mutually exclusive factors may be involved as well. Am. J. Primatol. 72:617–625, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of K2P5.1 potassium channels in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bittner Stefan , Bobak Nicole , Herrmann Alexander M. , Göbel Kerstin , Meuth Patrick , Höhn Karin G. , Stenner Max‐Philipp , Budde Thomas , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G.
Published: March 2010

Objective

Activation of T cells critically depends on potassium channels. We here characterize the impact of K2P5.1 (KCNK5; TASK2), a member of the 2‐pore domain family of potassium channels, on T‐cell function and demonstrate its putative relevance in a T‐cell–mediated autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

Expression of K2P5.1 was investigated on RNA and protein level in different immune cells and in MS patients' biospecimens (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cerebrospinal fluid cells, brain tissue specimen). Functional consequences of K2P5.1 expression were analyzed using pharmacological modulation, small interfering RNA (siRNA), overexpression, electrophysiological recordings, and computer modeling.

Results

Human T cells constitutively express K2P5.1. After T‐cell activation, a significant and time‐dependent upregulation of K2P5.1 channel expression was observed. Pharmacological blockade of K2P5.1 or knockdown with siRNA resulted in reduced T‐cell functions, whereas overexpression of K2P5.1 had the opposite effect. Electrophysiological recordings of T cells clearly dissected K2P5.1‐mediated effects from other potassium channels. The pathophysiological relevance of these findings was demonstrated by a significant K2P5.1 upregulation in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) patients during acute relapses as well as higher levels on CD8+ T cells of clinically isolated syndrome, RRMS, and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients during clinically stable disease. T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid from MS patients exhibit significantly elevated K2P5.1 levels. Furthermore, K2P5.1‐positive T cells can be found in inflammatory lesions in MS tissue specimens.

Interpretation

Selective targeting of K2P5.1 may hold therapeutic promise for MS and putatively other T‐cell–mediated disorders. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:58–69
Retinal fractals and acute lacunar stroke
Authors: Cheung Ning , Liew Gerald , Lindley Richard I. , Liu Erica Y. , Wang Jie Jin , Hand Peter , Baker Michelle , Mitchell Paul , Wong Tien Y.
Published: March 2010

This study aimed to determine whether retinal fractal dimension, a quantitative measure of microvascular branching complexity and density, is associated with lacunar stroke. A total of 392 patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke had retinal fractal dimension measured from digital photographs, and lacunar infarct ascertained from brain imaging. After adjusting for age, gender, and vascular risk factors, higher retinal fractal dimension (highest vs lowest quartile and per standard deviation increase) was independently and positively associated with lacunar stroke (odds ratio [OR], 4.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–12.17 and OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.20–2.84, respectively). Increased retinal microvascular complexity and density is associated with lacunar stroke. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:107–111
Linear oligoetherols and polyurethanes with carbazole ring
Authors: Lubczak Renata
Published: March 2010

Reaction of 9‐(2‐chloroethyl)carbazole with excess of diethanolamine led to 5‐[2‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]‐3‐azapentane‐1,5‐diol. The product is well soluble in ethylene and propylene oxides and reacted with them at temperature 60–90°C to give bifunctional oligoetherols with carbazole ring. Structure of these oligoetherols, their physical properties, and application for synthesis of linear polyurethanes were studied in detail. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rapid monitoring of recombinant antibody production by mammalian cell cultures using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Sellick Christopher A. , Hansen Rasmus , Jarvis Roger M. , Maqsood Arfa R. , Stephens Gill M. , Dickson Alan J. , Goodacre Royston
Published: March 2010

Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses was investigated as a physicochemical tool for monitoring secreted recombinant antibody production in cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and murine myeloma non‐secreting 0 (NS0) cell lines. Medium samples were taken during culture of CHO and NS0 cells lines, which included both antibody‐producing and non‐producing cell lines, and analyzed by FT‐IR spectroscopy. Principal components analysis (PCA) alone, and combined with discriminant function analysis (PC‐DFA), were applied to normalized FT‐IR spectroscopy datasets and showed a linear trend with respect to recombinant protein production. Loadings plots of the most significant spectral components showed a decrease in the C–O stretch from polysaccharides and an increase in the amide I band during culture, respectively, indicating a decrease in sugar concentration and an increase in protein concentration in the medium. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to predict antibody titers, and these regression models were able to predict antibody titers accurately with low error when compared to ELISA data. PLSR was also able to predict glucose and lactate amounts in the medium samples accurately. This work demonstrates that FT‐IR spectroscopy has great potential as a tool for monitoring cell cultures for recombinant protein production and offers a starting point for the application of spectroscopic techniques for the on‐line measurement of antibody production in industrial scale bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 432–442. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of antibody solution conditions on filter performance for virus removal filter Planova™ 20N
Authors: Hongo‐Hirasaki Tomoko , Komuro Masayasu , Ide Shoichi
Published: March 2010

We investigated the effect of antibody solution conditions (ionic strength, pH, IgG concentration, buffer composition, and aggregate level (dimer content)) on filter performance for a virus removal filtration process using the Planova™ 20N, a virus removal filter. Ionic strength and pH affected the filter flux. A consistent high flux was maintained at an ionic strength greater than 10 mM and at pH 4–8 under a typical buffer composition (sodium chloride, citrate, acetate, and phosphate). Optimum IgG concentration was 10–20 mg/mL allowing for high throughput (kg/m2 of IgG). Dimer content negligibly affected the flux level. Under high throughput conditions, virus spiking did not affect flux whereas a parvovirus logarithmic reduction value greater than 5 was maintained. From the results of zeta potential analyses for IgG and the membrane, we considered that electrostatic interactions between antibodies and the membrane affect filter performance (flux level and throughput). These results indicate that the Planova™ 20N filter is applicable for a wide range of solution conditions typically used in antibody processing. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Right heterotaxy with Hirschsprung's disease—A new association
Authors: Thambi Dorai C.R. , Hamzaini H. , Rohana R.
Published: March 2010

A baby girl with prenatal diagnosis of complex cardiac anomalies and diaphragmatic hernia was born at 36 weeks of gestation. At 4 hr of life, the baby developed respiratory distress and was intubated. She was found to have right hetetrotaxy with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the portal vein, five hepatic veins draining the liver and intrathoracic herniation of the stomach. The child also developed abdominal distension on the second day of life with passage of scanty meconium. The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) was confirmed by histology. HD in association with right heterotaxy has not been reported earlier. The association of heterotaxy with HD in our patient raises a possible genetic link between the two anomalies that needs further research. Clin. Anat. 23:455–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D reconstruction from contrast coronary angiography in magnetic percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Patterson, Mark
Published: March 2010

The magnetic navigation system allows precision wire‐tip control that is guided by computer generated 3D models based on fluoroscopic images. These images can be post‐processed and the information used to facilitate steering of wires in difficult anatomy. This report illustrates two of these reconstruction software packages in a challenging saphenous vein graft case. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four‐year clinical outcome of sirolimus‐ and paclitaxel‐eluting stents compared to bare‐metal stents for the percutaneous treatment of stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Simsek Cihan , Onuma Yoshinobu , Magro Michael , de Boer Sanneke , Battes Linda , van Domburg Ron T. , Boersma Eric , Serruys Patrick W. ,   On Behalf of the Interventional Cardiologists of the Thoraxcenter (2000–2005)
Published: March 2010

Background: There are limited data on the long‐term safety and efficacy profile of coronary stent implantation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objective: We aimed to assess the 4‐year clinical outcome in patients who received a bare‐metal stent (BMS), sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES), or a paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) for the percutaneous treatment of stable angina in our center during 2000–2005. Methods: In the study period, a total of 2,449 consecutive patients (BMS = 1,005; SES = 373; and PES = 1071) underwent a PCI as part of three historical PCI‐cohorts for stable angina and were routinely followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: At 4 years follow‐up, 264 BMS patients (26.8%) had a MACE, compared to 75 SES patients (20.9%) and 199 PES patients (23.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that SES and PES were superior to BMS with respect to MACE [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.81; HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.82, respectively]. The occurrence of MACE was significantly lower in the SES and PES population, primarily due to less target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) procedures (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37–0.75; HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62–0.81, respectively). The occurrence of early, late, and very late stent thrombosis was equally rare with each stent type. There were no significant differences between SES and PES on death, myocardial infarction, TVR, and MACE. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SES and PES result in decreased TVR procedures and MACE compared to BMS at 4 years follow‐up. SES or PES implantation should be the preferred choice over BMS for patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Light Transmission Method as a New Technique for Determining Flooding Characteristics in Gas‐Liquid Contactors
Authors: Babalona E. , Markopoulos J.
Published: March 2010

In gas‐liquid agitated vessels the flooding stage is generally used as a design criterion. The flooding stage is a characteristic dispersion stage which must be avoided in order to achieve efficient dispersion characteristics, while the identification of this flooding‐loading transition helps also determining the complete dispersion stage. Several methods have been applied for the determination of the flooding‐loading transition point. In this work, the light transmission method is used as a new technique for identification of this point in an air‐water dispersion system, agitated by a single six‐blade disc turbine. Using a relatively simple instrumentation, satisfactory results have been obtained. The method suggested is reliable, does not interfere with the fluid dynamics of the system, and is also applicable to nontransparent industrial reactors.
Verbund‐Simulation – Strategic Planning and Optimization of Integrated Production Networks
Authors: Viere T. , Brünner H. , Hedemann J.
Published: March 2010

Strategic analysis and optimization of highly integrated production networks is an essential requirement for cost‐effective and resource‐efficient production. This paper presents a comprehensive software‐based concept for modeling, simulation, optimization, and visualization of an integrated silicone production network of Wacker Chemie AG. A Verbund‐Model was implemented in a step‐by‐step approach, starting with primary material streams in one business unit up to the modeling of all energy, waste, and cost streams in several business units. The system's flexibility enables different levels of detail for modeling processes and parts of the network: from simple input‐output relations to complex, nonlinear equations and specifications. The proactive implementation of technical measures and projects based on the assessment of future scenarios is an important outcome of the Verbund‐simulation.
Technical Feasibility of Electric Field Control for Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Altendorfner F. , Beyrau F. , Leipertz A. , Hammer T. , Most D. , Lins G. , Branston D. W.
Published: March 2010

The utilization of electric fields for the control of technical combustion processes (EFCC, Electric Field Controlled Combustion) provides an interesting approach in present‐day discussions regarding reductions in CO2 emission levels and improved fuel efficiency. The technical feasibility of electric field control of turbulent premixed flames is demonstrated for the first time at technically relevant operating conditions. The technical criteria addressed include the efficiency of control at thermal powers above 50 kW, operating pressures in the order of 10 bar, air preheating, increased mixture exit velocities as well as swirl‐stabilized flames. Capacitive coupling of electric fields is explored against the background of preferably non‐intrusive integration into existing gas turbine systems. It is demonstrated that electric fields can be transmitted through ceramic burning chamber walls using capacitive coupling by electrodes deposited as coatings on the walls, thus avoiding sensitive mechanical parts as weak spots within the combustion chamber. No reasonable limitations are observed that might hinder a possible realization of flame control for technical combustion processes using EFCC.
Poly(arginine)‐Selective Coprecipitation Properties of Self‐Assembling Apoferritin and Its Tb3+ Complex: A New Luminescent Biotool for Sensing of Poly(arginine) and Its Protein Conjugates
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi , Noda Yuki , Shinoda Satoshi
Published: March 2010

The apoferritin protein and apoferritin–Tb3+ complex were demonstrated to form oligomeric and polymeric self‐assemblies in neutral aqueous solutions, based on characterization by using luminescence and UV/Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Addition of a 20‐mer or higher poly(arginine) to the solution resulted in coprecipitation through nanoscale interactions, while biological proteins and other poly(amino acids) rarely yielded precipitates under the conditions employed. The apoferritin–Tb3+ complex assembly exhibited a particularly long‐lived green luminescence in aqueous solution, and its poly(arginine)‐selective precipitation behavior was followed by monitoring the changes in luminescence. The poly(arginine)‐tagged albumin precipitated selectively and quantitatively, so that the apoferritin–Tb3+ complex can function as a new luminescent biotool for the sensing of poly(arginine) and its protein conjugates.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of Materials Obtained by Co‐intercalation of Chromophores into Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Li , Wen Zheng , Chen Dazhou
Published: March 2010

A pair of chromophores with donor‐acceptor properties, coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (3‐CCA) and 9‐anthracene carboxylic acid (9‐ACA), have been successfully intercalated into the layered double hydroxide (LDH), [Zn0.66Al0.34(OH)2](CO3)0.17·0.33H2O by an ion‐exchange method. The obtained co‐intercalation compounds were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectral, thermogravimetry techniques and chemical composition. The guest molecular sizes and structures were investigated utilizing an ab initio (HF/6‐31G) method by G98w. These anions were steadily arranged between the metal hydroxide layers by their carboxylate functional groups interacting with the layer plane. The photophysical properties of the obtained compounds were studied by UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. These results indicate that the confinement of the pair of chromophores, 3‐CCA and 9‐ACA, within the interlayer region of the host is in favor of guest‐host interaction and guest‐guest interaction, and that the pair of chromophores, 3‐CCA and 9‐ACA can give rise to energy transfer processes because of the characteristics of their excited states.
Estimation of Physico‐chemical Properties of Ionic Liquid EPReO4 Using Surface Tension and Density
Authors: Zang Shuliang , Fang Dawei , Yue Shuang , Li Jianxin , Wang Han
Published: March 2010

An ionic liquid (IL) EPReO4 (N‐ethylpyridinium rheniumate) was prepared. The density and surface tension values of the IL were determined in the temperature range of 293.15–343.15 K. The ionic volume and surface entropy of the IL were estimated by extrapolation, respectively. In terms of Glasser's theory, the standard molar entropy and lattice energy of the IL were estimated, respectively. Using Kabo's and Rebelo's methods, the molar enthalpy values of vaporization of the IL, ΔglH0m (298 K), at 298 K and, ΔglH0m (Tb), at hypothetical normal boiling point were estimated, respectively. According to the interstice model, the thermal expansion coefficient of IL EPReO4 (α) was calculated and compared with experimental value, finding their magnitude order is in good agreement by 8.98%.
Novel Porous Monolithic Column Using Poly(high internal phase emulsion) Methacrylate as Materials for Immunoglobulin Separation Performance on HPLC
Authors: Yang Jing , Yang Gengliang , Liu Haiyan , Bai Ligai , Zhang Qiaoxia
Published: March 2010

A novel porous polymeric monolithic column based on poly(high internal phase emulsion) methacrylate monolith was prepared and applied to fast separation of proteins. The block copolymer chemistry of high internal phase emulsions was used in the experiment. These unique properties, together with high porosity, good mechanical property, chemical modification of the surface make themselves superior in monolithic medium applications. Morphology of the monolithic material was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The stability of the emulsion and the load of hydroxyl groups–the active group of the monolithic column were investigated. Additionally, the capabilities of separation of this column in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were investigated. Immunoglobulin was separated from human plasma and chicken egg yolk with high resolution on the hydrophobic interaction chromatographic column in a short time. The effects of pH and concentration of mobile phase (buffer) on the elution of immunoglobulin were investigated. Moreover, fast separation of a two mode protein mixture (α‐amylase and lysozyme) on the monolith was achieved within 1.5 min at a velocity of 1445 cm·h−1. As a result, good separation was achieved, and stable low back pressure drop was ensured at high throughput elution with an even longer column.
Synthesis and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of New Ethyl 2‐(Ethoxyphosphono)‐1‐cyano‐2‐(substituted tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolin‐4‐yl)ethanoate Derivatives
Authors: Kategaonkar Amol H. , Sadaphal Sandip A. , Shelke Kiran F. , Kategaonkar Atul H. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: March 2010

A series of new ethyl 2‐(ethoxyphosphono)‐1‐cyano‐2‐(substituted tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinolin‐4‐yl)ethanoate derivatives have been synthesized for the first time of tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoline derivatives. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR and mass spectral data elucidated the structures of the all newly synthesized compounds. In vitro antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds have been investigated against Gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis, Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and two fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in comparison with standard drugs. Significantly microbiological behavior of these newly synthesized derivatives possesses significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Design and Synthesis of Two Aromatic Amines with Dendritic Structure
Authors: Luo Zhenghong , Chen Hua , Xu Wei
Published: March 2010

The design and synthesis of two aromatic amines with dendritic structures, i.e. 3,4,5‐tribenzyloxyaniline (3,4,5‐G1‐NH2) and 2,5‐dibenzyloxyaniline (2,5‐G1‐NH2), were conducted. A coupling reaction of three or two equivalents of benzyl bromide to one equivalent of methyl hydroxybenzoate generated methyl 3,4,5‐tribenzyloxybenzoate (3,4,5‐G1‐COOCH3), methyl 2,5‐dibenzyloxybenzoate (2,5‐G1‐COOCH3) and 2,6‐dibenzyloxybenzoate (2,6‐G1‐COOCH3) in high yields. All G1‐COOCH3 derivatives were studied by X‐ray analysis. The results show that these dendrons have sufficient volume to be used as the fine ligands for certain catalysts. The amide intermediates (benzamide, G1‐CONH2) were obtained by reaction between ammonia and G1‐COOCH3. Interestingly, 2,6‐dibenzyloxybenzamide (2,6‐G1‐CONH2) can not be prepared in the same condition, which may be due to the overlarge steric block. Sodium hypochlorite was an effective oxidant to generate methyl carbamates G1‐ NHCO2CH3.
Efficient Synthesis of New Tetracyclic Benzofuro[3,2‐d]‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐2,5‐(1H,3H)‐diones
Authors: Hu Yanggen , Liu Min , Ding Mingwu
Published: March 2010

The aza‐Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane (1) with aromaic isocyanates gave carbodiimides (2), which were allowed to react further with (‐amino ester in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide to give selectively new tetracyclic benzofuro[3,2‐d]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐2,5‐(1H,3H)‐diones (5) in good yields. X‐ray structure analysis of 5i verified the proposed structure and the reaction selectivity.
Vascular endothelial growth factor‐targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rini Brian I.
Published: March 2010

Inactivation of the von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor gene in most sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors leads to a fundamental reliance on elements of this pathway, namely, the potent proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Thus, VEGF‐targeted therapeutics have undergone extensive clinical testing in RCC. Approaches to bind circulating VEGF protein (eg, bevacizumab) and small molecule inhibitors of the receptor on which the VEGF ligand binds (eg, sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, and pazopanib) have been tested. Robust clinical effects have been observed, including high objective response rates, prolonged progression‐free survival, and evidence of long overall survival for patients with metastatic RCC patients who are treated with these agents. Future directions include investigation of combination and sequenced therapy, elucidation of mechanisms of response and resistance, and exploration of the effect of these agents in other disease settings. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2306‐12. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Tissue biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma: Issues and solutions
Authors: Di Napoli Arianna , Signoretti Sabina
Published: March 2010

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive malignancy that is associated with a high rate of metastasis. Although several promising therapeutic strategies are now available for the treatment of patients with metastatic kidney cancer, the prognosis of these patients remains poor. Research is ongoing to identify RCC‐specific biomarkers that can improve early diagnosis, surveillance of tumor progression, and prediction of patient prognosis. The identification of biomarkers that may predict response to specific therapies also will be useful in stratifying patients with RCC for treatment selection. Unfortunately, biomarker detection and measurement in kidney tumor tissues can be biased significantly by the lack of standardization in tissue sample acquisition, storage, and analysis. Consequently, the establishment of standardized operating procedures is necessary to maximize the accuracy of tissue‐based biomarker assays. Herein, the authors discuss current issues in tissue‐based translational research aimed at identifying clinically useful biomarkers for kidney cancer. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2290‐7. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
American Society of Clinical Oncology‐recommended surveillance and physician specialty among long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Hollowell Kerry , Olmsted Courtney L. , Richardson Anne S. , Pittman H. Keith , Bellin Lisa , Tafra Lorraine , Verbanac Kathryn M.
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:

It is unclear whether it is appropriate to transfer the follow‐up care of breast cancer (BrCa) survivors from cancer specialists to primary care physicians (PCPs). This contemporary study compared physician specialty and documented the long‐term surveillance of survivors who underwent surgery at an American academic center.

METHODS:

Women in this institutional review board‐approved study underwent breast surgery between 1996 and 2006. Data were collected for 270 patients with stage I to III BrCa (mean follow‐up, 6 years). Charts were reviewed based on American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines for recommended surveillance frequency and care.

RESULTS:

The majority of patients (90%; n = 242) were followed by specialists with 10% (n = 28) followed by PCPs. Patients with advanced disease and a greater risk of disease recurrence more often received specialist care. Patients followed by specialists were more often seen at ASCO‐recommended intervals (eg, 89% vs 69% of patients followed by a PCP at follow‐up Year 6; P < .01); however, many patients were followed inconsistently. Breast disease was often not the focus of PCP visits or mentioned in clinic notes (18% patients). Women seen by specialists were more likely to have documented clinical examinations of the breast (93% vs 44% at Year 6), axilla (94% vs 52%), or annual mammograms (74% vs 48%; P = .001‐.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Consistent compliance with surveillance guidelines and chart documentation needs improvement among all providers; however, specialists more consistently met ASCO guidelines. If transfer of care to a PCP occurs, it should be formalized and include follow‐up recommendations and defined physician responsibilities. Providers and patients should be educated regarding surveillance care and current guidelines incorporated into standard clinical practice. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Interdiffusion phenomena in InGaAs/GaAs superlattice structures
Authors: Sarıkavak B. , Öztürk M. K. , Mammadov T. S. , Özçelik S.
Published: March 2010

We have studied structural properties of InGaAs/GaAs superlattice sample prepared by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) using high resolution X‐ray diffractometer (HRXRD). Increasing strain relaxation and defect generations are observed with the increasing Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) temperature up to 775 °C. The higher temperatures bring out relaxation mechanisms; interdiffusion and favored migration. The defect structure and the defects which are observed with the increasing annealing temperature were analyzed. Firstly, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane strains after the annealing of sample were found. Secondly, the structural defect properties such as the parallel X‐ray strain, perpendicular X‐ray strain, misfit, degree of relaxation, x composition, tilt angles and dislocation that are obtained from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were carried out at every temperature. As a result, we observed that the asymmetric peaks especially in asymmetric (224) plane was affected more than symmetric and asymmetric planes with lower polar or inclination angles due to c‐direction at low temperature. These structural properties exhibit different unfavorable behaviors for every reflection direction at the increasing temperatures. The reason is the relaxation which is caused by spatially inhomogeneous strain distribution with the increasing annealing temperature. In the InGaAs superlattice samples, this process enhances preferential migration of In atoms along the growth direction. Further increase in the annealing temperature leads to the deterioration of the abrupt interfaces in the superlattice and degradation in its structural properties. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A conformance test tool for next generation network applications and systems
Authors: Yang Shun‐Ren , Leong Chon‐Wang
Published: March 2010

This paper describes the architecture and operations of a test system NGNAS‐SIOTP. NGNAS‐SIOTP is designed based on the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN‐3) specifications for the conformance testing of next generation network applications and systems. By specifying conformance test cases in abstract level, the test cases are language and platform‐independent, and the implementation of the test cases can be more convenient. We use an Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Browsing test case of XHTML Structure Module and an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) test case of Replaces Extension Header Field to illustrate how conformance tests can be implemented and conducted in our NGNAS‐SIOTP. These test cases conform to the OMA Enabler Test Specification (Conformance) for OMA Browsing and RFC documents for IMS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melanocytic bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1: A case report with emphasis on intraoperative cytological findings
Authors: Matsuda Kant M. , Nóbrega Raíssa , Quezado Martha , Schrump David S. , Filie Armando C.
Published: March 2010

We present the cytological features along with histologic and imaging findings of a melanocytic bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN‐1). Intraoperative touch preparations of the lung tumor showed single spindle cells and loosely cohesive aggregates of spindle cells with oval to elongated nuclei, “salt and pepper” chromatin pattern and inconspicuous nucleoli. The spindle cells occasionally contained cytoplasmic pigment, which revealed to be melanin by Fontana Masson stain on permanent processed material. Immunohistochemical stains for both synaptophysin and chromogranin were strongly positive in the spindle cells. The findings were consistent with melanocytic bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor, which is relatively uncommon in MEN‐1. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:669–674. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Putting pubertal timing in developmental context: Implications for prevention
Authors: Graber Julia A. , Nichols Tracy R. , Brooks‐Gunn Jeanne
Published: March 2010

This article examines selected findings regarding the consequences of difference in timing of pubertal onset in order to build an explanatory model of puberty in context. We also seek to shed light on possible prevention efforts targeting adolescent risk. To date, there is substantial evidence supporting early onset effects on both internalizing and externalizing problems during the adolescent decade and possibly beyond. However, such effects do not directly speak to preventive intervention. The biological, familial, and broader relationship contexts of puberty are considered along with unique contexts for early maturing girls versus boys. Finally, we identify potential strategies for intervention based on these explanatory models. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 254–262, 2010
Appetite‐focused dialectical behavior therapy for the treatment of binge eating with purging: A preliminary trial
Authors: Hill Diana M. , Craighead Linda W. , Safer Debra L.
Published: March 2010

Objective:

This treatment development study investigated the acceptability and efficacy of a modified version of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN), entitled appetite focused DBT (DBT‐AF).

Method:

Thirty‐two women with binge/purge episodes at least one time per week were randomly assigned to 12 weekly sessions of DBT‐AF (n = 18) or to a 6‐week delayed treatment control (n = 14). Participants completed the EDE interview and self‐report measures at baseline, 6 weeks, and posttreatment.

Results:

Treatment attrition was low, and DBT‐AF was rated highly acceptable. At 6 weeks, participants who were receiving DBT‐AF reported significantly fewer BN symptoms than controls. At posttest, 26.9% of the 26 individuals who entered treatment (18 initially assigned and 8 from the delayed treatment control) were abstinent from binge/purge episodes for the past month; 61.5% no longer met full or subthreshold criteria for BN. Participants demonstrated a rapid rate of response to treatment and achieved clinically significant change.

Discussion:

Results suggest that DBT‐AF warrants further investigation as an alternative to DBT or cognitive behavior therapy for BN. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:249–261)
Biaryl Peptides from 4‐Iodophenylalanine by Solid‐Phase Borylation and Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 8/2010)
Authors: Afonso Ana , Rosés Cristina , Planas Marta , Feliu Lidia
Published: March 2010

The cover picture shows the skyline of the old part of Girona in northeast Catalonia, Spain. In the foreground is one of the many bridges that span the river Onyar from the new part of the town to the Jewish quarter. This bridge, named the Pont de Sant Feliu, is the usual starting point for visiting this quarter. It offers a nice view of the narrow colourful houses that back onto the river and allows an impressive view of the Cathedral and the Sant Feliu church. Built in different styles (11th–17th century AD), the Cathedral preserves a Gothic nave with the widest arched span in the world. In this picture, the Pont de Sant Feliu serves as a means to depict the synthesis of a 4‐arylphenylalanine tripeptide from a resin‐bound phenylalanine boronate. Details can be found in the article by L. Feliu et al. on p. 1461 ff, and results on the formation of the boronate through a solid‐phase Miyaura borylation are also discussed.
Analysis of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol by NACE with on‐line ESI‐MS
Authors: Nalesso Alessandro , Viel Guido , Cecchetto Giovanni , Frison Giampietro , Ferrara Santo Davide
Published: March 2010

Phosphatidylethanol (Peth), a group of aberrant phospholipids formed in cell membranes in the presence of ethanol, has been recently proposed as biomarker of chronic alcohol abuse. The aim of this study was to develop a new analytical method, based on NACE online coupled with a mass spectrometer for the analysis of Peth in blood. For this purpose an ion‐trap mass spectrometer equipped with an orthogonal ESI source operating in negative ion mode was used. An alkaline solution of ammonium acetate 5 mM (pH 9) in water/methanol (MeOH) (80:20 v/v) was delivered as coaxial sheath liquid. All experiments were performed using an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (90 cm×75 μm id). The effects of variable percentages of ACN, MeOH, 2‐propanol, dichloromethane, along with variable concentrations of ammonium acetate were investigated for the separation of Peth. Collectively, a separation medium composed of ACN (45% v/v), 2‐propanol (20% v/v), dichloromethane (20% v/v), MeOH (10% v/v), water (5% v/v), and ammonium acetate (25 mM) was chosen. The estimated LOD was 0.1 μM, while LOQ was 0.4 μM. Within‐run (intra‐day) and between‐run (inter‐day) precision was always lower than 15%. The method proved to be robust and reliable. The MS detector allowed the simultaneous identification of several Peth homologues, and the use of an internal standard (phosphatidylbutanol) with similar electrophoretic properties of that of Peth increased quantitation effectiveness.