bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEXICO-STYLISTIC PECULIARITIES OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE GERMAN INTERNET SERVICE INSTAGRAM)
Authors: Mozgovaya Alina Olegovna
Published: June 2018

The article identifies the peculiarities of Internet communication from the viewpoint of vocabulary and style. On the basis of complex analysis of Instagram messages the author reveals that in the virtual communicative space the so called “Internet language” prevails. The paper also justifies the thesis that the most important stylistic peculiarity of computer interaction is the usage of both verbal and non-verbal means of informational interaction by Internet communicants, including the exchange of emotive information. The author concludes on multi-modal nature of virtual communication.
SIGN AND SYMBOLIC CODING OF PERSONAGES IN THE NOVEL “THE WHITE DRESS” BY Z. TOLGUROV
Authors: Bolatova Asiyat Dautovna
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the traditional for the national folklore and literature principle of personages typology on the basis of sign and symbolic coding. The novel “The White Dress” by the leading Balkarian prose writer Z. Kh. Tolgurov serves as an example. Analyzing the conceptual content of the novel the researcher identifies the set of encoded metaphorical meanings; special attention is paid to the structural arrangement of the epical text. The paper focuses on the hero and the anti-hero images, explains their semantics and functional importance. The author emphasizes the essential role of dichotomic descriptions when portraying these personages.
ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ДИЗАЙН-ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ХУСТКОВО-ШАРФОВИХ ВИРОБІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ АВТОРСЬКИХ РОБІТ
Authors: Шаповал А. Г. , Остапенко Н. В. , Луцкер Т. В. , Антонюженко А. Ю. , Авраменко Т. В.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the scientific research is to determine the preconditions for design of shawls and neckcloth using author's works of Shapoval A. G. Modern methods of historiographical, system-structural and morphological analysis were used to analyze the preconditions for using author's works in the design of shawls. The result is analytical research of creative works of Shapoval A.G. with the aim to distinguish artistically expressive elements of the author's design for the design of aesthetically perfect shawl products. The artistic features and techniques in the work of the author with the subsequent application in design are revealed, attention is focused on the naturalness and harmony of composition and color solutions of works with the purpose of their actualization and rethinking in modern products. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the aesthetic-artistic approach to the design of new models of shawls. Varieties of author's works of illustrator Shapoval A.G. are systematized in different groups. The practical significance of the results is to expand the range of contemporary artistic and compositional developments in the field of designing shawls, as well as the ability to teach future artists-designers the peculiarities of using author's artwork in design
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Breast Self Examination Among Female Health Personnel
Authors: Shrestha Pradhan Santoshi , Shrestha Roshanee , Parajuli Puspa , Khagi Rana B , Bhandari Buna
Published: June 2018

Background: The knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self Examination is an important method of prevention of breast cancer which helps to detect the changes in early stage and delay seeking medical care. So female’s knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self-Examination play a crucial role in the safeguard of their health.Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Breast Self Examination among female health personnel working in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 female health personnel to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Breast Self-Examination working in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital using self administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data using SPSS 16 Version.Results: The findings revealed that the majority 232 (72.5%) of the respondents had average level of knowledge, 70 (21.9%) had poor level of knowledge and only 18 (5.6%) had good level of knowledge respectively. On the other hand, majority of the respondents 304 (95%) had good attitude whereas only 16 (5.0%) had poor attitude regarding Breast Self Examination. There was statistically significant association between knowledge and age, ethnicity and marital status (p=<0.05). Attitude was associated with age, religion, profession and level of education (P=<0.05). There was very weak correlation (r=0.094) between knowledge and attitude.Conclusion: The study concluded that there was average level of knowledge regarding Breast Self Examination. Female’s attitude towards Breast Self-Examination was positive though the practice was poor. Breast Self Examination is one of the most important techniques for screening and diagnosis in early stages. Therefore, the study highlights the need for educational programs to create awareness regarding Breast Self-Examination. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College,Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 22, Oct.-Dec., 2017 Page: 156-160
ARCHETYPE OF UKRAINIAN ETHNIC TURISM IN SYMBOLIC CONTEXT OF LOCAL IDENTITY: MANAGEMENT ASPECT
Authors: Нavryliuk Alla Mykhailіvna
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the management aspects of the influence of archetypal components of Ukrainian ethnics on the process of formation of the collective local identity of the population living on a certain territory. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the archetype of the place influences the peculiarities of development of tourism varieties in Ukraine. Ukrainian ethnic tourism is singled out as one of the popular domestic resources of the country’s promotion, which is “tied” to the authentic indigenous traditions of the people. It is specified that the specificity of Ukrainian ethnic tourism lies in its polyculture and is manifested through such varieties as: rural ecological, religious, pilgrimage, festival, ethnographic, cultural and cognitive, extreme, event and other types of tourism, which are clearly reflected in the symbolic contexts of local identity. The emphasis is on the timely introduction of the definition of “ethno tourism” in the legal field of tourism. An importance of participation of the local community in the formation of principles of collective local identity is illustrated through the work of the Dnipro Development Agency Public Utility Company in Dnipro. The original procedure of cross-links that determine the interdependence of peculiarities of formation of collective local identity from the mental archetype of the population on some areas of the administrative-territorial unit is presented. We determined the directions of activity of local government bodies in the process of public-private partnership with the representatives of business and the public, among which: creation of conditions for the recognition of the heredity of the traditions of the population of the territory; organization and conduct of socio-educational, moral and spiritual, cultural and cognitive events, that unite the ethnic community; development and implementation of socio-economic and cultural historical programs of the territory development etc. The conclusion is drawn that the Ukrainian mental archetype is formed under the influence of socio-political, cultural and historical development of the Ukrainian state. Its current stage is under the influence of Ukrainian ethnic Renaissance, which determines modern vectors of the development of domestic tourism through Ukrainian ethnic tourism, which is based on the values of Ukrainian ethno-geocultural phenomenon.
THE UNCONSCIOUS AS A SOURCE OF THE ARCHETYPE OF EUROPE: THE DISCOURSE OF NOMADISM IN THE CONCEPT OF M. MAFFESOLI
Authors: Sobolnikov Valery Vasilyevich
Published: June 2018

The article explores the collective unconscious that has become understandable as the basis, which presumably through archetypes determines the specificity of the development of the European mentality. Our discourse as a mechanism is a field continuum where the archetypes of the collective unconscious are primary, and the specific interpretation and modification of the primary to the common meanings, the collective European mentality and the different plan of the semantic communications are secondary. The divergence of the paradigm shift between the epochs of modernity and postmodern quite accurately demonstrates the concept of Michel Maffesoli, penetrated by the institutionalism of romance. Presented in the teachings of nomadism reveals a new social practice, addressed to European culture. Allocating him the archetypal content as a source of social transformation of the new community necessitated the analysis of a number of conceptual ideas of nomadism on a fragmentary level. It should be emphasized that the term “nomads” and its international synonym for “nomads” do not have a unique use, but in psychology it is used to refer to a pathology based on an irrational one. The subject of the study was the phenomenon of nomadism, which is not only a clear way of life, but also an opportunity to search for the basics of further research into the specifics of civilizational development. As conditions for the genesis of this process are analyzed: the field of social life of nomads; the formation of a community in the form of a nomadic form of existence; the transformation of an identity with mobile properties; the process of destruction, understood as a transition from destruction, but not to death, but to rebirth; etc.
THE COUNTRIES OF TRANSITION DEMOCRACY IN THE PROCESS OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSIT: AN ARCHETYPAL ASPECT
Authors: Bielska Tetiana Valentynіvna , Lashkina Mariia Hryhorivna
Published: June 2018

The authors offer non-standard views on the processes of establishing democracy in developing countries. In the article the processes of democratic transit by using archetypal methodology are analyzed; the processes of the influence of archetypes on democratic institutions in the conditions of information society and technological revolution are considered. The laws and conditions of the formation or destruction of state institutions in transition democracies, their hybridity, partially authoritarian hierarchy or chaos, and uncertainty of progress towards the goal are determined. The authors, by using of the methodology of E. Dyurgeym — imposition of biological methods of research on social processes, metaphorically compare the stages of personality development and the processes of state formation and conclude that the Ukrainian state is now in the stage of individualization and understanding itself. The structure of personality according to K. Jung is considered, its main components are distinguished. The authors suggest that in countries that have recently embarked on a path of democracy, the connection between rational and irrational is stronger than in countries that are entrenched in established democracies. These processes are metaphorically compared by the authors with the connection of the conscious and unconscious in the formation of the individual. They come to the conclusion that the lack of archetypal subconscious nature and code of culture and national codes of democratic values creates obstacles to their formation in the public consciousness. This is reflected in the socio-political activity of the state and in the functionality of its institutions. In the information society, the vector of the influence of archetypes on democratic social institutions, which leads to a hybrid distortion of the concept of the state as a device of violence and pressure, has changed. Postcommunist transformations represent a new wave, but the trajectories and outcomes of postcommunist transformations are different for states, so democratic transit is uneven.
Electrical Properties of Graphene / Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Coated Nylon 6.6 Fabric under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Kasım Hasan , Yazıcı Murat
Published: June 2018

In the present study, an elastomeric nanocomposite was prepared by two roller mixing mill with the Natural Rubber (NR) and Nano Graphene Platelets (NGP). The Nylon 6.6 cord fabrics were laminated with the prepared NR/NGP nanocomposite layers. The NR/NGP composites and Nylon 6.6 cord fabric laminated nanocomposite plates were cured at 165 °C for 10 min under pressure. Nylon 6.6 fabric reinforced NR/NGP nanocomposites were electrically characterized under free and cyclic loading conditions. NGP addition to NR improved the electrical conductivity. Under cyclic loading produced nanocomposite and cord fabric layered plates showed periodical sensing behavior with same amplitude in each period.
New Layouts of Fiber Reinforcements to Enable Full Finger Motion Assist with Pneumatic Multi-Chamber Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Tarvainen Tapio Veli Juhani , Fernandez-Vargas Jacobo , Yu Wenwei
Published: June 2018

Fiber-reinforced fluid-driven elastomer actuators have enabled the production of simple, low-cost and safe hand rehabilitation devices. However, so far, the actuators support only finger flexion-extension, and little has been reported on abduction-adduction, which is essential for manipulation tasks and grasping larger objects. The technical design difficulty of realizing abduction-adduction lies in the suppression of interference effects between the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint’s two orthogonal motion axes, caused by the necessary multi-chamber actuator structure and its reinforcements, under strong spatial constraints. This problem has not been solved yet, regardless of research efforts on designing various actuator structures. In this study, our goal was to enable flexion of all three finger joints and abduction-adduction of the MCP joint, while minimizing the interference and realizing required ranges of motion. For this, we propose two new types of fiber reinforcements (separate single loops and two-directional hitching) and their combination to direct a multi-chamber structure’s expansion and strengthen its force output into the wanted directions. The reinforcements’ effects on actuator response were evaluated by attaching prototypes to a dummy finger and measuring its range of motion and related joint torques and forces. Results showed that the single loops provided length extension, while the hitching constrained it from the bottom at the centerline and strengthened flexion. When combined, they could be used to adjust the amount of length extension and flexion along the actuator, without detrimentally affecting the flexion or abduction-adduction functions. In conclusion, the two new reinforcement types have the potential of being a major design factor for fitting the actuators’ response for different users’ finger kinematics.
Risks of Deep Reinforcement Learning Applied to Fall Prevention Assist by Autonomous Mobile Robots in the Hospital
Authors: Namba Takaaki , Yamada Yoji
Published: June 2018

Our previous study proposed an automatic fall risk assessment and related risk reduction measures. A nursing system to reduce patient accidents was also developed, therefore reducing the caregiving load of the medical staff in hospitals. However, there are risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI) in applications such as assistant mobile robots that use deep reinforcement learning. In this paper, we discuss safety applications related to AI in fields where humans and robots coexist, especially when applying deep reinforcement learning to the control of autonomous mobile robots. First, we look at a summary of recent related work on robot safety with AI. Second, we extract the risks linked to the use of autonomous mobile assistant robots based on deep reinforcement learning for patients in a hospital. Third, we systematize the risks of AI and propose sample risk reduction measures. The results suggest that these measures are useful in the fields of clinical and industrial safety.
Effective Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rowett Nude Rats with Stromal Vascular Fraction Transplantation
Authors: Berman Sean , Uhlendorf Toni L. , Berman Mark , Lander Elliot B.
Published: June 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.9 million Americans, including blast TBI that is the signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Our project investigated whether stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can assist in post-TBI recovery. We utilized strong acoustic waves (5.0 bar) to induce TBI in the cortex of adult Rowett Nude (RNU) rats. One hour post-TBI, harvested human SVF (500,000 cells suspended in 0.5 mL lactated Ringers) was incubated with Q-Tracker cell label and administered into tail veins of RNU rats. For comparison, we utilized rats that received SVF 72 h post-TBI, and a control group that received lactated Ringers solution. Rotarod and water maze assays were used to monitor motor coordination and spatial memories. Rats treated immediately after TBI showed no signs of motor skills and memory regression. SVF treatment 72 h post-TBI enabled the rats maintain their motor skills, while controls treated with lactated Ringers were 25% worse statistically in both assays. Histological analysis showed the presence of Q-dot labeled human cells near the infarct in both SVF treatment groups; however, labeled cells were twice as numerous in the one hour group. Our study suggests that immediate treatment with SVF would serve as potential therapeutic agents in TBI.
Hypersialylation in Cancer: Modulation of Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Rodrigues Emily , Macauley Matthew
Published: June 2018

Cell surface glycosylation is dynamic and often changes in response to cellular differentiation under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Altered glycosylation on cancers cells is gaining attention due its wide-spread occurrence across a variety of cancer types and recent studies that have documented functional roles for aberrant glycosylation in driving cancer progression at various stages. One change in glycosylation that can correlate with cancer stage and disease prognosis is hypersialylation. Increased levels of sialic acid are pervasive in cancer and a growing body of evidence demonstrates how hypersialylation is advantageous to cancer cells, particularly from the perspective of modulating immune cell responses. Sialic acid-binding receptors, such as Siglecs and Selectins, are well-positioned to be exploited by cancer hypersialylation. Evidence is also mounting that Siglecs modulate key immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment, particularly those responsible for maintaining the appropriate inflammatory environment. From these studies have come new and innovative ways to block the effects of hypersialylation by directly reducing sialic acid on cancer cells or blocking interactions between sialic acid and Siglecs or Selectins. Here we review recent works examining how cancer cells become hypersialylated, how hypersialylation benefits cancer cells and tumors, and proposed therapies to abrogate hypersialylation of cancer.
Deriving Principles of the Freeze-Foaming Process by Nondestructive CT Macrostructure Analyses on Hydroxyapatite Foams
Authors: Ahlhelm Matthias , Werner David , Kaube Nils , Maier Johanna , Abel Johannes , Behnisch Thomas , Moritz Tassilo , Michaelis Alexander , Gude Maik
Published: June 2018

Freeze Foaming is a direct foaming method that aims at manufacturing ceramic cellular scaffolds for diverse applications. Next to porous structures for a potential use as refractories, the focus lies on potential bone replacement material. The main challenge of this foaming method is to achieve a homogeneous and predictable pore morphology. That is why, in a current project, the authors report on the pore morphology formation and evolution of the foaming process by means of nondestructive testing. This contribution primarily compares the effect of the suspension’s temperature on the resulting foam structure (foaming at 5 and 40 °C). As a basis for computed tomographic analysis, a stable and reproducible model suspension was developed that resulted in reproducible foam structures. Characterized by viscosity, foam structure analyses and foaming rate, the resulting Freeze Foams became adjustable with regards to their porosity and pore shape/size. Under certain conditions, we succeeded in achieving a relatively homogeneous pore structure, as proven by computed tomography-derived quantitative analysis.
The Role of Hyperconjugation on the Structure and C–H Stretching Frequencies of 3,3′-Ethane-1,2-diyl- bis-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (ETABOC): An X-Ray Structure and Vibrational Study
Authors: Rivera Augusto , Uribe Juan Manuel , Ríos-Motta Jaime , Bolte Michael
Published: June 2018

Structural and vibrational studies have been carried out for the most stable conformer of 3,3′-ethane-1,2-diyl-bis-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (ETABOC) at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(dp) level using the Gaussian 03 software. In light of the computed vibrational parameters, the observed IR Bolhmann bands for the C2V, C2, and Ci symmetrical structures of ETABOC have been analyzed. Hyperconjugative interaction was done by Natural Bond Orbital Analysis. Interpretation of hyperconjugative interaction involving the lone pairs on the bridgehead nitrogen atoms with the neighboring C–N and C–C bonds defines the conformational preference of the title compound. The recorded X-ray diffraction bond parameters were compared with theoretical values calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and HF/6-31G(d,p) level of theory showed that ETABOC adopts a chair conformation and possesses an inversion center.
Progress on Crystal Growth of Two-Dimensional Semiconductors for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Sun Bingqi , Xu Jing , Zhang Min , He Longfei , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei
Published: June 2018

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are thought to belong to the most promising candidates for future nanoelectronic applications, due to their unique advantages and capability in continuing the downscaling of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) devices while retaining decent mobility. Recently, optoelectronic devices based on novel synthetic 2D semiconductors have been reported, exhibiting comparable performance to the traditional solid-state devices. This review briefly describes the development of the growth of 2D crystals for applications in optoelectronics, including photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and solar cells. Such atomically thin materials with promising optoelectronic properties are very attractive for future advanced transparent optoelectronics as well as flexible and wearable/portable electronic devices.
Quantum Statistical Manifolds
Authors: Naudts Jan
Published: June 2018

Quantum information geometry studies families of quantum states by means of differential geometry. A new approach is followed with the intention to facilitate the introduction of a more general theory in subsequent work. To this purpose, the emphasis is shifted from a manifold of strictly positive density matrices to a manifold of faithful quantum states on the C*-algebra of bounded linear operators. In addition, ideas from the parameter-free approach to information geometry are adopted. The underlying Hilbert space is assumed to be finite-dimensional. In this way, technicalities are avoided so that strong results are obtained, which one can hope to prove later on in a more general context. Two different atlases are introduced, one in which it is straightforward to show that the quantum states form a Banach manifold, the other which is compatible with the inner product of Bogoliubov and which yields affine coordinates for the exponential connection.
Low-Frequency Oscillation Suppression of the Vehicle–Grid System in High-Speed Railways Based on H∞ Control
Authors: Geng Zhaozhao , Liu Zhigang , Hu Xinxuan , Liu Jing
Published: June 2018

Recently, a traction blockade in the depots of numerous electric multiple units (EMUs) of high-speed railways has occured and resulted in some accidents in train operation. The traction blockade is caused by the low-frequency oscillation (LFO) of the vehicle–grid (EMUs–traction network) system. To suppress the LFO, a scheme of EMUs line-side converter based on the H∞ control is proposed in this paper. First, the mathematical model of the four-quadrant converter in EMUs is presented. Second, the state variables are determined and the weighting functions are selected. Then, an H∞ controller based on the dq coordinate is designed. Moreover, compared with the simulation results of traditional proportional integral (PI) control, auto-disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and multivariable control (MC) based on Matlab/Simulink and the RT-LAB platform, the simulation results of the proposed H∞ control confirm that the H∞ controller applied in EMUs of China Railway High-Speed 3 has better dynamic and static performances. Finally, a whole cascade system model of EMUs and a traction network is built, in which a reduced-order model of a traction network is adopted. The experimental results of multi-EMUs accessed in the traction network indicate that the H∞ controller has good suppression performance for the LFO of the vehicle–grid system. In addition, through the analysis of sensitivity of the H∞ controller and the traditional PI controller, it is indicated that the H∞ controller has better robustness.
Pine Stand Density Influences the Regeneration of Acacia saligna Labill. H.L.Wendl. and Native Woody Species in a Mediterranean Coastal Pine Plantation
Authors: Badalamenti Emilio , Da Silveira Bueno Rafael , Campo Olimpia , Gallo Martina , La Mela Veca Donato Salvatore , Pasta Salvatore , Sala Giovanna , La Mantia Tommaso
Published: June 2018

Mediterranean plantations are the most suitable areas to assess vegetation dynamics and competitive interactions between native and exotic woody species. Our research was carried out in a coastal pine plantation (Sicily) where renaturalization by native species (Pistacia lentiscus L. and Olea europaea var. sylvestris) and invasion by Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. simultaneously occur. The regeneration pattern of woody species in the pine understory was evaluated in six experimental plots along a stand density gradient, from 200 to approximately 700 pines per hectare. Both pine stand density and regeneration by native species had a significant negative relationship with Acacia natural regeneration. Olea regeneration was positively correlated with stand density, while Pistacia showed a non-significant relationship. Saplings of both native species were mostly less than 1 m high, whereas approximately 70% of Acacia individuals were higher than 1 m. We found that 400 pines per hectare should be considered a minimum stand density to keep Acacia under control, while favouring the establishment of native species in the understory. The successful control of Acacia requires an integrated management strategy, including different forest interventions according to stand density: thinning, control measures against Acacia, and renaturalization actions.
Effects of Oxidized Brown Coal Humic Acid Fertilizer on the Relative Height Growth Rate of Three Tree Species
Authors: Tsetsegmaa Ganchudur , Akhmadi Khaulenbek , Cho Wonwoo , Lee Sora , Chandra Romika , Jeong Choi Eun , Wainkwa Chia Rogers , Kang Hoduck
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to identify the effects of oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizer on the relative growth rate of several tree species intended for reforestation. Field experiments were carried out during 2011–2014 at the Research and Experimental Center for Combating Desertification located at the Elsen Tasarkhai station in central Mongolia. The trees studied were Populus sibirica Tausch., Salix ledebouriana Trautv., and Acer tataricum L. The experiment was conducted with concentrations of 2000, 10,000, and 20,000 mg L−1 of humic acid fertilization treatment. Measurement of the relative height growth rate (RHGR) was undertaken for a period of four years. The results demonstrated significant differences between the humic fertilizer concentrations, which varied depending on the species. Compared to monthly RHGR over the study period, the treatment using fertilizers yielded significantly better tree growth. P. sibirica, when treated with 2000 mg L−1 and 10,000 mg L−1 humic acid fertilizers, had significant height growth rates. S. ledebouriana with 20,000 mg L−1 of humic acid fertilzers treatments showed the highest RHGR. In addition, when the humic acid treatments were compared to the control, results showed that oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizers as an organic fertilizer can have a significant effect on the growth of A. tataricum. The results equally showed that the soil chemical properties EC, CO2, NO3, and K2O were significant among all the treatments compared to control. The effect on P2O5 significantly increased in all the treatments; however, there was no significant effect on pH and Mg among all treatments. Combining the results obtained with reforestation and sustainable land-management practices can help to improve soil organics in degraded sandy soil regions.
Segmenting Landowners of Shandong, China Based on Their Attitudes towards Forest Certification
Authors: Tian Nana , Lu Fadian , Joshi Omkar , Poudyal Neelam C.
Published: June 2018

Forest certification is considered a viable market-based policy instrument to promote forest sustainability. It has an important role of play in meeting the objective of modern forestry development in China, which is to sustain ecological and environmental benefits of forests. To understand differences in attitudes, opinions, and interests in forest certification, this study segmented respondents of a landowner’s survey in Shandong, China based on their level of interest in participating in forest certification under different program requirements. Multivariate cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups: likely-, potential-, and unlikely-landowners. We further examined the heterogeneity of these groups in terms of their demographics, ownership characteristics, management objectives, and perceived benefits and challenges of adopting forest certification. The results suggested the necessity of differentiating landowners in formulating and designing specific motivation-based incentives and tailoring outreach efforts and communication strategies to improve their interests in forest certification. Findings will be useful and interesting to forest policymakers interested in promoting forest certification among landowners in China and other countries facing similar circumstances.
Extending INSPIRE to the Internet of Things through SensorThings API
Authors: Kotsev Alexander , Schleidt Katharina , Liang Steve , Van der Schaaf Hylke , Khalafbeigi Tania , Grellet Sylvain , Lutz Michael , Jirka Simon , Beaufils Mickaël
Published: June 2018

Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) established during the past two decades “unlocked” heterogeneous geospatial datasets. The European Union INSPIRE Directive laid down the foundation of a pan-European SDI where thousands of public sector data providers make their data, including sensor observations, available for cross-border and cross-domain reuse. At the same time, SDIs should inevitably adopt new technology and standards to remain fit for purpose and address in the best possible way the needs of different stakeholders (government, businesses and citizens). Some of the recurring technical requirements raised by SDI stakeholders include: (i) the need for adoption of RESTful architectures; together with (ii) alternative (to GML) data encodings, such as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) and binary exchange formats; and (iii) adoption of asynchronous publish–subscribe-based messaging protocols. The newly established OGC standard SensorThings API is particularly interesting to investigate for INSPIRE, as it addresses together all three topics. In this manuscript, we provide our synthesised perspective on the necessary steps for the OGC SensorThings API standard to be considered as a solution that meets the legal obligations stemming out of the INSPIRE Directive. We share our perspective on what should be done concerning: (i) data encoding; and (ii) the use of SensorThings API as a download service.
Short-Term Effects of Tourmaline on Nitrogen Removals and Microbial Communities in a Sequencing Batch Reactor at Low Temperatures
Authors: Han Yahong , Qiu Shan , Zeng Hongyun , Ma Fang , Wang Jue , Qiu Yilun , An Xuedi
Published: June 2018

Tourmaline is a ring borosilicate with unique pyro-electricity and piezoelectricity values. Non-gem tourmaline is usually used as an environmental material. The short-term effects of ultrafine tourmaline particles on nitrogen removal performs microbial population dynamics. Key functional species in a sequencing batch reactor were investigated at 9 ± 1 °C. The investigation results showed that 1 g·L−1 ultrafine tourmaline particles could resist the effect of temperature shock on the metabolism of NH4+-N and were beneficial to the restoration of the metabolism capacity of NH4+-N. 1 g·L−1 ultrafine tourmaline particles, which increased the oxidation rate of NH4+-N in the aerobic phase, the formation rate of NO3−-N in the aerobic phase, and the denitrification rate in the hypoxia phase at low temperatures. However, the community richness or diversities were not changed after short-term exposure to 1 g·L−1 ultrafine tourmaline particles at low temperatures and 1 g·L−1 ultrafine tourmaline particles could not change the relative abundances of functional microbes except nitrite oxidizing bacteria.
A US/Mexico Study of Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Anthropometric Indicators, Migration Status, Country of Birth and Country of Residence
Authors: Gallegos-Carrillo Katia , Belcher Britni R. , Dunton Genevieve F. , Samet Jonathan M. , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes
Published: June 2018

Background: This study examined the influence of migration status, nativity and country of residence on joint associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in anthropometric indicators of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans living in the US and in Mexico. Methods: We examined data from two large national surveys, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the US (NHANES, 2011–2012) and Mexico (ENSANUT, 2012). Using self-reported minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and SB, we calculated four categories for analyses. Anthropometric measures consisted of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We used data of migration status, nativity and country of residence. Linear regression models examined how joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC according to migration status, nativity and country of residence, controlling for health risk behaviors. Results: Analyses showed that even among those in the category with the lowest risk behavior, “physically active and low sedentary”, there were differences in BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence. Within this lower risk category, Mexican immigrants living in the US had the greatest association with high BMI, while US-born Mexican-Americans living in the US had the highest WC values when compared with the group of Mexicans living in Mexico. Conclusions: Joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence among populations with Mexican ethnicity.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals and the Environment in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Oloso Nurudeen Olalekan , Fagbo Shamsudeen , Garbati Musa , Olonitola Steve O. , Awosanya Emmanuel Jolaoluwa , Aworh Mabel Kamweli , Adamu Helen , Odetokun Ismail Ayoade , Fasina Folorunso Oludayo
Published: June 2018

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health threat, which has elicited a high-level political declaration at the United Nations General Assembly, 2016. In response, member countries agreed to pay greater attention to the surveillance and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control called for a review of AMR in Nigeria using a “One Health approach”. As anecdotal evidence suggests that food animal health and production rely heavily on antimicrobials, it becomes imperative to understand AMR trends in food animals and the environment. We reviewed previous studies to curate data and evaluate the contributions of food animals and the environment (2000–2016) to the AMR burden in Nigeria using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart focused on three areas: Antimicrobial resistance, residues, and antiseptics studies. Only one of the 48 antimicrobial studies did not report multidrug resistance. At least 18 bacterial spp. were found to be resistant to various locally available antimicrobials. All 16 residue studies reported high levels of drug residues either in the form of prevalence or concentration above the recommended international limit. Fourteen different “resistotypes” were found in some commonly used antiseptics. High levels of residues and AMR were found in food animals destined for the human food chain. High levels of residues and antimicrobials discharged into environments sustain the AMR pool. These had evolved into potential public health challenges that need attention. These findings constitute public health threats for Nigeria’s teeming population and require attention.
Effect of Nicotine on CYP2B1 Expression in a Glioma Animal Model and Analysis of CYP2B6 Expression in Pediatric Gliomas
Authors: Nava-Salazar Sonia , Gómez-Manzo Saúl , Marcial-Quino Jaime , Marhx-Bracho Alfonso , Phillips-Farfán Bryan V. , Diaz-Avalos Carlos , Vanoye-Carlo America
Published: June 2018

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a pro-drug commonly used in the chemotherapeutic schemes for glioma treatment but has high toxicity and the side effects include brain damage and even death. Since CPA is activated mainly by CY2B6, over-expression of the enzyme in the tumor cells has been proposed to enhance CPA activation. In this study, we explored the induction of the Cyp2b1 (homologous to CYP2B6) by nicotine in an animal rat model with glioma. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Nicotine treatment increased CYP2B1 protein levels in the healthy animals’ brain tissue. In the brain tissue of animals with glioma, the CYP2B1 showed a high expression, even before nicotine treatment. Nicotine did not increase significantly the CYP2B1 protein expression in the tumor, but increased its expression in the tumor vicinity, especially around blood vessels in the cortex. We also explored CY2B6 expression in glioma samples derived from pediatric patients. Tumor tissue showed a variable expression of the enzyme, which could depend on the tumor malignancy grade. Induction of the CYP2B6 in pediatric gliomas with lower expression of the enzyme, could be an alternative to improve the antitumoral effect of CPA treatment.
The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis in Vertebrates: Gut Microbiota Effect, a Review
Authors: Huang Chun Hua , Yu Xin , Liao Wen Bo
Published: June 2018

The gut microbiota is integral to an organism’s digestive structure and has been shown to play an important role in producing substrates for gluconeogenesis and energy production, vasodilator, and gut motility. Numerous studies have demonstrated that variation in diet types is associated with the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, a relationship that plays a significant role in nutrient absorption and affects gut size. The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis states (ETH) that the metabolic requirement of relatively large brains is offset by a corresponding reduction of the other tissues, such as gut size. However, how the trade-off between gut size and brain size in vertebrates is associated with the gut microbiota through metabolic requirements still remains unexplored. Here, we review research relating to and discuss the potential influence of gut microbiota on the ETH.
STIM1 Knockout Enhances PDGF-Mediated Ca2+ Signaling through Upregulation of the PDGFR–PLCγ–STIM2 Cascade
Authors: Huang Tzu-Yu , Lin Yi-Hsin , Chang Heng-Ai , Yeh Tzu-Ying , Chang Ya-Han , Chen Yi-Fan , Chen Ying-Chi , Li Chun-Chun , Chiu Wen-Tai
Published: June 2018

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has mitogenic and chemotactic effects on fibroblasts. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is one of the first events that occurs following the stimulation of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). PDGF activates Ca2+ elevation by activating the phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ)-signaling pathway, resulting in ER Ca2+ release. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the major form of extracellular Ca2+ influx following depletion of ER Ca2+ stores and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a key molecule in the regulation of SOCE. In this study, wild-type and STIM1 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells were used to investigate the role of STIM1 in PDGF-induced Ca2+ oscillation and its functions in MEF cells. The unexpected findings suggest that STIM1 knockout enhances PDGFR–PLCγ–STIM2 signaling, which in turn increases PDGF-BB-induced Ca2+ elevation. Enhanced expressions of PDGFRs and PLCγ in STIM1 knockout cells induce Ca2+ release from the ER store through PLCγ–IP3 signaling. Moreover, STIM2 replaces STIM1 to act as the major ER Ca2+ sensor in activating SOCE. However, activation of PDGFRs also activate Akt, ERK, and JNK to regulate cellular functions, such as cell migration. These results suggest that alternative switchable pathways can be observed in cells, which act downstream of the growth factors that regulate Ca2+ signaling.
Dual Methods for Optimal Allocation of Telecommunication Network Resources with Several Classes of Users
Authors: Konnov Igor , Kashuba Aleksey , Laitinen Erkki
Published: June 2018

We consider a general problem of optimal allocation of limited resources in a wireless telecommunication network. The network users are divided into several different groups (or classes), which correspond to different levels of service. The network manager must satisfy these different users’ requirements. This approach leads to a convex optimization problem with balance and capacity constraints. We present several decomposition type methods to find a solution to this problem, which exploit its special features. We suggest applying first the dual Lagrangian method with respect to the total capacity constraint, which gives the one-dimensional dual problem. However, calculation of the value of the dual cost function requires solving several optimization problems. Our methods differ in approaches for solving these auxiliary problems. We consider three basic methods: Dual Multi Layer (DML), Conditional Gradient Dual Multilayer (CGDM) and Bisection (BS). Besides these methods we consider their modifications adjusted to different kind of cost functions. Our comparison of the performance of the suggested methods on several series of test problems show satisfactory convergence. Nevertheless, proper decomposition techniques enhance the convergence essentially.
Breaking down Leukemia Walls: Heteronemin, a Sesterterpene Derivative, Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia Molt4 Cells through Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Induction of Talin Expression
Authors: Chen Yu-Cheng , Lu Mei-Chin , El-Shazly Mohamed , Lai Kuei-Hung , Wu Tung-Ying , Hsu Yu-Ming , Lee Yi-Lun , Liu Yi-Chang
Published: June 2018

Heteronemin, the most abundant secondary metabolite in the sponge Hippospongia sp., exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines. It increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Molt4 cells. The use of ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), suppressed both the production of ROS from mitochondria and cell apoptosis that were induced by heteronemin treatment. Heteronemin upregulated talin and phosphorylated talin expression in Molt4 cells but it only upregulated the expression of phosphorylated talin in HEK293 cells. However, pretreatment with NAC reversed these effects. Talin siRNA reversed the activation of pro-apoptotic cleaved caspases 3 and 9. On the other hand, the downstream proteins including FAK and NF-κB (p65) were not affected. In addition, we confirmed that heteronemin directly modulated phosphorylated talin expression through ROS generation resulting in cell apoptosis, but it did not affect talin/FAK complex. Furthermore, heteronemin interfered with actin microfilament and caused morphology changes. Taken together, these findings suggest that the cytotoxic effect of heteronemin is associated with oxidative stress and induction of phosphorylated talin expression. Our results suggest that heteronemin represents an interesting candidate which can be further developed as a drug lead against leukemia.
Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Radzevičienė Lina , Ostrauskas Rytas
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the association between coffee consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. A case-control study included 234 cases with newly confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 468 controls who were free of the disease in 2001. Cases and controls were matched by gender and age (±5 years). Data on age, education level, occupation status, marital status, family history of diabetes, lifestyle (dietary habits, smoking habits, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity), and stress were collected via a questionnaire. Variables were retained in models as confounders when their inclusion changed the value of the OR by more than 10% in any exposure category. Conditional logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P for trend was used. Results. After adjustment for possible confounders (family history of diabetes, body mass index, eating speed, morning exercise, cigarette smoking, years of education, and stress), a statistically significant relationship was observed between type 2 diabetes mellitus and coffee consumption. Individuals consuming four or more cups of coffee per day were at lower risk of 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.27–0.97) compared to those who consumed one or less than one cup of coffee per day. Conclusion. Habitual coffee consumption of four or more cups per day might be related to the lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Implementation of international transtelephonic ECG platform for patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Žaliūnas Remigijus , Benetis Rimantas , Vanagas Giedrius , Šlapikas Rimvydas , Vainoras Alfonsas
Published: June 2018

Ischemic heart disease in European countries over decades causes up to 55% of all cases of sudden death and also has a high rate of mortality, morbidity, and hospital admission. Patients with such chronic diseases also require intensive home care facilities from community nurses. The aim was to establish international multilingual platform for transtelephonic ECG system as an alternative solution for home care and assess its performance. Methods. During this pilot study, the international toll-free line between Lithuania and Germany was established, and practical applicability of the tele-ECG device was tested. Transtelephonic ECG system was implemented between Telemedicine Center in Bad Segeberg (Bad Segeberg Clinic, Germany), the Call Center in Kaunas at the Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine, and a patient residence. Results. Over a 6-month follow-up period, 34 patients were recruited. Following the ECG transmission, 86 teleconsultations were done. During the study, a total of 329 ECGs were sent by the patients; out of them, 14 ECGs were with clinical changes. Technical problems due to insufficient patient training, telecommunication systems, acoustic data transmission, and device itself were reported. Up to 23% of ECGs sent by patients were unreadable and not applicable for further clinical analysis. Conclusions. Our study showed the potential of telemedicine facilities to overcome the problems of access that makes the technique so potentially useful, but for telemonitoring application at patient homes in a wider population, it needs to be improved in terms of technical performance, transmission and analysis automatization.