bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZIF-8-on-MIL-68(Ga) Derived S-scheme Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Reduction CO2 to CH4 in Pure Water
Authors: Hu Juncheng
Published: June 2024

ZnGa2O4 possess the potential for simultaneously reduction CO2 and oxide water with photogenerated electrons and holes, however, pure ZnGa2O4 suffers from wide bandgap and sluggish migration kinetics of charge carriers. In this work, the MOF-on-MOF precursors of ZIF-8-on-MIL-68(Ga) were first synthesized and in situ converted into the ZnGa2O4/ZnO heterostructure. After loading of Au cocatalyst, the ternary Au/ZnGa2O4/ZnO photocatalyst could reduce CO2 into CH4 in pure water without any sacrificial reagent, reaching a CH4 yield of 21.1 umol g-1 h-1 as well as high selectivity of 93.8%. The unique MOF-on-MOF derived hollow structure provides large specific surface area, abundant heterogeneous interfaces as well as increases the light harvesting ability. Moreover, experimental results and DFT calculation reveal that the S-scheme heterojunction deriving from ZIF-8-on-MIL-68(Ga) could efficiently promote charge separation and enable strong photoredox ability while the decoration of Au cocatalyst could further lower the Gibbs free energy barriers for the rate-determining step, thereby leading to CH4 production with high activity and selectivity. This study verified the strategy of converting MOF-on-MOF composites into S-scheme heterostructures was feasible, which could be extended to other MOF-on-MOF precursors to exploit the synergistic effects between different photocatalysis.
Survival analysis of patients with early breast cancer associated with PIK3CA mutation
Authors: Gluzman Mark Igorevich , Chistyakova Elena Alexandrovna , Vahitova Almira Alberdovna , Kutcher Ksenia Konstantinovna , Orlova Rashida Vahidovna
Published: June 2024

Purpose. The incidence of breast cancer (BC) with a mutation in the PIK3CA gene reaches 40% in luminal subtypes, where the disease is characterized by signs of hormone resistance. However, a comprehensive assessment of various clinicopathological factors is necessary for determining the prognosis and treatment plan of these patients. The objective of our study was to analyze the heterogeneity of the clinical course and outcomes of early breast cancer associated with PIK3CA mutation.
Methods. A retrospective, prospective, single-center, noncomparative cohort study was conducted at the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Oncological Dispensary". The analysis included 635 patients, 230 (36.2%) of whom had PIK3CA mutations. Radical surgical treatment was performed in 133 (57.8%) patients. Molecular genetic studies were conducted from January 2021 to March 2024. Clinical and morphological parameters and median relapse-free survival (mRFS) were assessed.
Results.Frequent H1047, E542, and E545 mutations were found in 88.7% of patients and were associated with a better prognosis than rare mutations (mDFS 54 months vs 28 months, HR 0.57, log-rank p=0.38). At the time of primary diagnosis, the disease wasstage I in 9.2% of patients, stage II in 34.2%, stage III in 25.9%, and stage IV in 30.7%. The mRFS in the overall population of patients who underwent radical treatment was 62 months (95% CI 48-76). According to the univariate analysis, no statistically significant differences were found in the mRFS depending on the IHC profile (luminal A vs luminal B, p=0.62), the use of adjuvant radiotherapy (yes vs no, p=0.39), or the use ofbreast-conserving surgery or mastectomy (p=0.47). However, the use of perioperative chemotherapy compared to its absence (62 months vs 31 months, HR 0.26, log-rank p=0.01) and the choice of tamoxifen compared to aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant hormonal therapy (67 months vs 21 months, HR 0.17, log-rank p <0.0001) hadsignificant impacts.
Conclusion. Hormone-resistant BC caused by PIK3CA mutation is highly heterogeneous and characterized by different disease courseand sensitivity to treatment.
Ti doped ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydroxyl radical generation under UV light for improved dye degradation and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Srinivas K. , Verma Shweta , Rao B. Tirumala , Kumar A. V. N. Ashok
Published: June 2024

Photocatalysts are emerging as promising material for various light driven chemical reactions for the applications ranging from fuel generation to pollutant degradation. In this study, we synthesized ZnO and Ti doped ZnO (Ti:ZnO) nanoparticles inpropanol using sol-gel method with 2 -12.8atomic percents (at.%) of Ti doping in Ti:ZnO.The composition and optical response of the nanoparticleswere studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy respectively.The morphological and crystalline quality of the nanoparticles were reported using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) andX-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively.The role of Ti doping on crystallinity, photocatalytic response and anti-microbialactivityis addressed. Using ZnO nanoparticles, degradation of methylene blue occurred with rate constant of about 4.6x10-2 min-1 which was found to increase by 20% for 12.8% Ti in Ti:ZnO photocatalyst.For other Ti dopant concentrations the degradation rate constant decreased attributing to lower crystallite size with higher grain boundaries leading to charge carrier recombination and suppressed formation of reactive oxygen species.By addition of varying concentration of iso-propyl alcohol, the suppressed degradation process revealed the role of hydroxyl radicals in this low power UV light assisted photocatalysis. This was further supported with controlled experiments through generation of photoluminescence in terephthalic acid induced by the hydroxyl radicals. Ti:ZnO nanoparticles also showed significant anti-bacterial activity towards the gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) andgram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsella pneumonia) organisms. In addition to that, these nanoparticles also showed remarkable activity against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus due to their greater surface area leading to generation of hydrogen peroxide. This study reveals importance of crystallite size in dye degradation process and anti-bacterial activity. The grown Ti:ZnO nanoparticles using a simple and scalable synthesis route are highly efficient photocatalyst material and anti-microbial agent for application of waste water treatment in industrial effluents and bacterial killing.
Antioxidant Effect Of Bromelain In Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Of Polycystic Ovary Diseases: Experimental Study
Authors: Tangül Sevgi Ulusoy , ONAT Taylan , KIRMIZI Demet AYDOĞAN , DOĞANYIĞIT Züleyha , KAYMAK Emin , OFLAMAZ Aslı , Şenaylı Atilla , Somuncu Salih
Published: June 2024

Background: Due to its increased volume, polycystic ovarian tissue(PCOT) is also more prone to torsion than normal tissue. In treating ovarian torsion, detorsion is applied, and oxygenation of hypoxic tissues is provided with detorsion. The oxygen radicals formed as a result cause tissue damage. Bromelain is a substance obtained from pineapple that can induce apoptosis and free radical formation in macrophages. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the damage caused to the ovarian tissue by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in normal and polycystic ovaries and to investigate the role of bromelain in the damage.
Study Design: Animal experimentation.
Methods: First, PCOT was created by administering dihydroepiandrostenodione-sulfate to 24 rats. Then, the polycystic and normal tissue groups were divided into sham, I/R, and I/R-bromelain groups. After the procedure, all rats' ovarian and tubal tissues were taken and histopathological examination and MDA, TUNEL, NF-κB values were examined.
Results: In this study, it was determined that there was a significant decrease in MDA, NF-κB values, apoptotic-cell rate evaluated by TUNEL in the groups in which bromelain was given in the ovaries of normal and PCOT rats with IR damage, compared to the group that was not provided. It was also shown that I/R damage in PCOT were more significant than in normal ovarian tissue.
Conclusion: The ischemia perfusion damage in polycystic ovarian tissue may be higher than that of normal ovarian tissue. However, there needs to be a literature study investigating this issue. In these respects, this study is the first in the literature. Bromelain is a preferable agent in preventing I / R damage caused by ovarian torsion of PCOT. In addition, it is thought that Bromelain may function in treating ovary torsions, and further studies can be conducted on this subject.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics: Uncovering Alternative Blood Vessel Clearance Mechanisms
Authors: Yuan Qiuju , Satyanarayanan Senthil Kumaran , Lee Suki Man-Yan , Yan Lingli , Wang Yaofeng , Xian Yan-Fang , He Liumin , Zhou Yingying , Wu Wutian , Song You-Qiang , Su Huanxing , Lin Zhi-Xiu , Qin Dajiang
Published: June 2024

The pathways that run along the olfactory nerves crossing the cribriform plate and connecting to lymphatic vessels in the nasal cavity, have been identified as a crucial route for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow. However, the presence of a CSF efflux pathway through blood vessels in this region has yet to be clarified. This study aimed to elucidate the anatomical connections between the subarachnoid space and the bloodstream at the nasal epithelium and the venous drainage routes of the nasal epithelium in mice. Our findings demonstrated that CSF tracers could be drained not only through lymphatic vessels in the nasal cavity and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), but also through the blood vessels in this area that extend to its venous drainage routes, including the facial and jugular veins. Additionally, we showed that ligation of CLNs neither impeded the influx and efflux of CSF tracers nor exacerbated Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology in AD mice. Our work reveals a previously unrecognized pathway for CSF drainage through blood vessels within the nasal mucosa. These findings provide insight into the efficient removal of waste products, facilitating optimal functioning of neural tissue within the susceptible tissue of our brains.
A facile approach for generating ordered oxygen vacancies in metal oxides
Authors: Chen Kexin , Yuan Xuan-Yi , Tian Zhaobo , Zou Mingchu , Yuan Yifei , Chen Zhanglin , Zhang Qinghua , Zhang Yu-Yang , Jin Xin , Wu Tianpin , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Liu Guanghua
Published: June 2024

Oxygen vacancies in oxide materials, although has been demonstrated to be beneficial for many applications, are hard to be generated and manipulated as desired, particularly for bulk materials with large size and limited surface area. Here, by simply coupling the thermal activation with simultaneously applied electric field, we efficiently generate ordered oxygen vacancies within bulk crystals of ternary SrAl2O4, binary TiO2 and other common oxide materials, which give rise to superior functionalities. We expect that this approach offers a general and practical way for vacancy engineering of oxide materials and holds great promise for their applications.
A Monte Carlo model of the Halcyon 2.0 kV-CBCT system
Authors: Mbewe Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Monte Carlo simulations are the gold standard for radiation dosimetry, but developing accurate models for kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) systems can be challenging due to non-availability of vendor-supplied geometry information. This study presents the results of Monte Carlo modeling of the kV-CBCT beamline of the Halcyon 2.0 linear accelerator using semi-empirical methods to derive equivalent source and filtration models.
Method
Equivalent energy spectra for 100, 125, and 140 kV beams were determined by matching measured beam characteristics (half-value layers and air kerma outputs) using SPEKTR 3.0 software. The bowtie filter profile was reconstructed from transmission measurements, enabling generation of a 3D filter model. These models were incorporated into a Geant4/GATE Monte Carlo simulation. Computed percentage depth doses (PDDs) and off-axis profiles were benchmarked against water phantom measurements.
Results
Maximum differences between measured and computed PDDs were 3.47% (100 kV), 3.65% (125 kV), and 3.27% (140 kV). For off-axis profiles, maximum differences were 3.73% (100 kV), 6.84% (125 kV), and 4.44% (140 kV) within the central beam. Larger discrepancies up to 22% occurred in high-gradient penumbral regions due to mismatches in spatial resolution between detectors and Monte Carlo scoring geometry.
Conclusion
This study presents the first comprehensive Monte Carlo model of the Halcyon 2.0 kV-CBCT system using measurement-derived equivalent models. The good agreement with experimental data validates the accuracy of the models, which can enable imaging dose calculations and other applications for this system.
Connectivity changes following transcranial alternating current stimulation at 5-Hz: an EEG study
Authors: Lee Tien-Wen , Tramontano Gerald
Published: June 2024

Introduction Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 5-Hz to the right hemisphere can alleviate anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to explore the connectivity changes following the treatment.Methods We collected electroencephalography (EEG) data from 24 participants with anxiety disorders before and after the tACS treatment during a single session. Electric stimulation was applied over the right hemisphere, with 1.0 mA at F4, 1.0 mA at P4, and 2.0 mA at T8, following the 10–10 EEG convention. With eLORETA, the scalp signals were transformed into the cortex’s current source density. We assessed the connectivity changes at theta frequency between the centers of Brodmann area (BA) 6/8 (frontal), BA 39/40 (parietal), and BA 21 (middle temporal). Functional connectivity was indicated by lagged coherences and lagged phase synchronization. Paired t-tests were used to quantify the differences statistically.Results We observed enhanced lagged phase synchronization at theta frequency between the frontal and parietal regions (P = 0.002) and between the parietal and temporal regions (P = 0.005), after Bonferroni correction.Conclusion Applying tACS 5-Hz over the right hemisphere enhanced inter-regional interaction, which was spectrum-specific and mainly mediated by phase, rather than power, synchrony. The potential neural mechanisms are discussed.
Solving the Stock Option Forecast problem by a numerical method for the Black-Scholes Equation with Machine Learning Classification Model
Authors: Jiang Benjamin , Durieux Matthieu , golubnichiy Kirill V.
Published: June 2024

We proposed classification models that utilize the result from the Quasi-Reversibility Method, which solves the Black-Scholes equation to forecast the option prices one day in advance. Combining the minimizer from QRM with our machine learning classifications, we can classify the option as an increase or decrease in value. Based on the different classifications of the options, we can apply various trading strategies which we aim to figure out ways to improve the results from QRM's extrapolations. To further test the viability of our model, we collected 23548 options data from the real-world market for our model, and we will then feed in the data along with the minimizer from QRM to form decision trees and random forests, which we will later test for accuracy, precision, and recall.
The ESG Determinants of Mental Health Index Across Italian Regions A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Resta Emanuela , Logroscino Giancarlo , Tafuri Silvio , Preethymol Peter , Noviello Chiara , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo
Published: June 2024

The following article analyses the relationship between the mental health index and the variables of the Environment, Social and Governance-ESG model in the Italian regions between 2004 and 2023. First of all, a static analysis is proposed aimed at identifying trends relating to mental health in the Italian regions with indication of the regional gaps. Subsequently, a clustering with k-Means algorithm is proposed. Below is a comparison of 11 machine learning algorithms for predicting the performance of the mental health index. Finally, the article offers some economic policy suggestions. The results are critically discussed in light of the scientific literature.
JEL CODE: I11, I12, I13, I14, I15, I18.
Evaluating a Digitization Model in Ugandan Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Institutions An Agency Theory Approach and Validation with Structured Walkthroughs
Authors: Muinda Patrick Emmanuel , Basaza-Ejiri Annabella Habinka , Maiga Gilbert , Mayoka Kituyi
Published: June 2024

This research examines global digitization project success, contrasting developed and developing economies. Developed nations see fewer failures, while Uganda faces a 70% failure rate. Focused on Uganda's Technical, Vocational Education, and Training (TVET) institutions, the study builds on Lederer and Mahaney's 2003 work and integrates digital technologies for skill enhancement using Agency theory to introduce a model to reduce project failures. A quantitative approach identifies key variables (Goal Conflict, Shirking, Communication, Task Programmability, Contract Type, Process Quality, and Digitization) contributing to success. Results show high validity and reliability, with Cronbach's alpha exceeding 0.7. Convergent validity for independent variables exceeds 0.5. Path analysis confirms these factors' significance in successful implementation. The model highlights how shirking and goal conflict negatively influence digitization, while communication and task programmability have positive impacts. Expert opinions and prototyping (SimPro) validate the model's suitability for supporting digitization projects in Ugandan TVETs.
On-Spot Application of Plant and Animal Residues: Effects on Soil Quality, Strawberry Growth, and Photosynthetic Performance
Authors: Gamal Mohammed , ElFEEL Rania A , AGBOR David Tavi , DEMIRKAYA Salih , AY Abdurrahman , KIZILKAYA Rıdvan , CHEN Ri-zhao , HUSSEN Adel
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Organic residues can improve crop performance, but most studies have focused on their application with a decomposition period in the field. This delay in farming can be problematic for growers.
Methods
We investigated the on-spot application of plant and animal residues on strawberry plants' morphological and photosynthetic performance in a greenhouse setting. We used a completely randomized design with seven treatments, including three plant residues, three animal residues, and a control replicated three times. Data was collected on soil physicochemical and biological parameters, strawberry growth parameters and chlorophyll parameters.
Results
Our results showed that applying organic residues significantly improved the soil’s chemical properties. Wheat straw had more organic matter (5.4%), sheep manure had more N (212.1 mg 100g-1), vermicompost had more K, P, Zn and Cu content. Soil enzyme activities were significantly modulated with the highest urease activity in hazelnut husk, glucosidase activity was highest at tea waste and hazelnut husk, while phosphatase activity was observed more in sheep manure. Wheat straw had the best soil quality index, while physicochemical properties contributed the most to soil quality. Sheep manure had the highest fresh (34.1g) and dry (6.2g) biomass and number of leaves (7). Strawberry height was highest at cow manure (34.2 cm), while chlorophyll content was highest at the control (3.34mg/g).
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the on-spot application of organic residues could be an effective strategy for improving crop performance; nonetheless, results also revealed the need for a decomposition period for effective nutrient release and plant utilization.
Dysregulation of Electrolyte Balance and Lipid Profile in Rats Following Oral Administration of Methanolic Fruit Pulp Extract of Azanza garckeana (Tula Kola Nut)
Authors: Farrau Usman , Dawud Fatimah Alhassan , Abdulkadir Teslim Simisola , Augustine Banlibo Dubo , Jaafar Aliyu , Egbunu Victor Ugbede-ojo , Hinmikaye Victor Oluwafemi , Adebayo Sodiq Abiodun , Salman Maryam
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effects of methanolic fruit pulp extract of Azanza garckeana(MFEAG) on renal function through acute and subacute toxicity studies. Twenty-nine (29) apparently healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 grams were used. For the acute study, 9 rats were randomly grouped into three: Group 1 were administered 300 mg/kg MFEAG once. Group 2 was sequentially administrated the next dose of 2,000 mg/kg, also once, when there were no signs of toxicity or mortality in Group 1 48 hours post-treatment, while Group 3 were administered the vehicle (10% v/v Tween 80). The rats were then observed for two weeks, and then sacrificed. For the subacute study, 20 rats were randomly grouped into four and daily administered once with the extract (at 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg doses) and the vehicle, respectively, for four weeks. No significant effects were observed on serum kidney function markers of the treated rats, except for the level of serum chloride that was increased and that of serum triglyceride that was decreased after the acute study, and then the serum sodium that was increased after the subacute study. These findings indicate that MFEAG may cause some level of impairment in renal function.
Identification and functional characterization of maturation-dependent changes in dendritic cell exosome-shuttle targetome
Authors: Ganguly Bhaskar
Published: June 2024

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most professional antigen-presenting cells, which undergo a hallmark transition from an immature to a mature state. DCs release high levels of exosomes (DCEs), containing miRNAs, which orchestrate their tolerogenic or immunogenic functions. This study aimed to identify the exosomes-shuttle miRNAs that are differentially expressed between the mature and immature states of DCs, and to assign functional enrichments to the targets of these miRNAs. A GEO data series comparing miRNA expression in mature and immature DCEs was analyzed and all miRNAs significantly dysregulated between mature and immature states of DCEs were identified. The interactions and targets were mapped separately for the upregulated and down-regulated miRNAs, and interaction networks and functional enrichments of the targets were generated and visualized. 24 miRNAs were found upregulated and 19 miRNAs were found down-regulated in the exosomes of mature DCs over exosomes of immature DCs with 1949 and 1186 targets involved in 131 and 32 pathways, respectively. Further, the functional enrichment of the targets revealed miRNA-targeted changes in expression of biomolecules involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and energy metabolism as key maturation-dependent processes. The results present salient miRNA signatures for identifying DC maturation state and uncover miRNA targets that may serve as therapeutic options in the treatment of various immune dysfunctions.
How Confucianism Affects Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Rong , Ban Qi
Published: June 2024

This study breaks the framework of previous studies of formal institutions and systematically examines the effect of Confucianism on corporate ESG performance from the perspective of informal institutions. Using Chinese listed companies as the research sample. The empirical results indicate that Confucianism has a significant positive effect on corporate ESG performance. In other words, the greater the influence of Confucianism on a company, the better its ESG performance. This improvement is achieved through two paths: mitigating managerial myopia and improving the quality of internal control. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis suggest that the impact of Confucianism on corporate ESG performance is more significant for non-state-owned firms. However, foreign culture shocks weaken the positive effect of Confucianism on corporate ESG performance. This paper contributes to research on the intersection of Confucianism and corporate finance, which has theoretical and practical implications for promoting cultural self-awareness and self-confidence, and advocating Confucianism as a guiding principle for companies.
The impact of central bank transparency on debt home and foreign bias
Authors: Mamoon Abdullah Al
Published: June 2024

This paper examines whether and how central bank transparency affects international bond/debt diversification. Using panel data from 39 countries, we find that central bank transparency reduces debt home bias. Further analysis shows that central bank transparency enhances debt foreign bias. This is consistent with the view that when the central bank is transparent, bondholders will be able to predict the monetary policy instruments that will be used to support price and financial market stability. The findings are robust to difference-in-difference, placebo test, moment-based cluster, mean heterogeneity across time and countries, missingness vs imputation, dynamic generalized method of moments, and fixed difference and fixed effects, our results are robust to quasi-natural. This study shows that bond investors pay attention to the transparency of the central bank which has implications for businesses, investors, researchers, and policymakers, particularly in emerging countries.
JEL classification E58,F3, G2, G11,G15
Validating the Consistency and Quality of “Vaankumari Legiyam” A Classical Siddha Polyherbal Formulation Through Advanced Analytical Methods
Authors: Dash Sujit
Published: June 2024

Among Siddha's internal medicine dosage forms, "Legiyam" stands out as a widely recognized medicinal confectionary. This preparation involves heating decoctions, juices, milk, and sugar to form a syrupy consistency. Drug powders and other ingredients are added, and the mixture is cooled before incorporating ghee and honey. "Vaankumaria legiyam," a classic Siddha polyherbal formulation in confectionary form, contains various herbal ingredients known for addressing numerous health concerns, including digestion, diabetes, and skin issues.Commercially available formulations often lack proper standardization, leading to safety and efficacy concerns. In this context, the present study aims to prepare an in-house Siddha formulation using standard raw materials outlined in the Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India. Comparative phytochemical studies was conducted using modern analytical techniques such as AAS, FTIR, HPTLC, and GCMS. The Vaankumari legiyam formulations were tested for heavy metals and trace elements, revealing concentrations below regulatory limits. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzed the phytochemical profile, confirming the product's authenticity. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified and quantified volatile organic compounds, confirming the in-house preparation's reproducibility in capturing aromatic and volatile constituents. These tests confirmed the product's safety for human consumption.The current research has shed light on the potential phytoconstituents responsible for the formulations’ claimed therapeutic effects and facilitates quality assessment. The comprehensive analysis of both marketed and in-house formulations of Vaankumari legiyam through various techniques, including phytochemical, physicochemical, AAS, HPTLC, FTIR, and GCMS, has demonstrated consistent and equal results.
Global Competence Behavior: Exploring the Relevance of Students' Scientific Literacy, related Attitudes, and Values - Evidence from PISA 2018 across 52 Countries
Authors: Kastorff Tamara , Moser Stephanie , Heine Jörg Henrik , Kauertz Alexander
Published: June 2024

Global competence behavior is increasingly recognized as essential for individuals to navigate diverse perspectives, communicate effectively across cultures, and contribute responsibly to global sustainability and collective well-being. This competence involves sustainable and cultural awareness, ethical judgment, and interacting respectfully. Despite its critical importance, recent international assessments like the 2018 PISA study reveal that students often do not demonstrate global competence behavior regularly. This study, which employs a meta-analytical approach guided by the well-established theory of planned behavior, explores factors influencing global competence behavior by examining attitudes, values, and scientific literacy among N = 399,321 students across N = 52 countries, using data from the 2018 PISA assessment. The analyses highlight the significant roles of students' attitudes toward behavior and their perceived behavioral control over engaging in global competent behaviors. Furthermore, the results underscore the potential benefits of prioritizing global competence behavior in educational systems. The results further shed light on the importance of behavioral intention concerning global competence. The study, therefore, call for educational systems to prioritize holistic goals that embed global competence within curricular frameworks, aligning with evolving international educational standards. Future research should focus on developing and implementing strategies to effectively integrate global competence into education, preparing students to meet the demands of an interconnected world.
Afforestation in West Africa: potential benefits and trade-offs on regional climate extremes
Authors: SY Souleymane , Arnault Joel , Bliefernicht Jan , Quesada Benjamin , Duveiller Gregory , Seydou Abdel Nassirou Yahaya , Oussou Francis Enagnon , Olusegun Christiana Funmilola , Fersch Benjamin , Rummler Thomas , Sawadogo Windmanagda , Laux Patrick , Kunstmann Harlad
Published: June 2024

West Africa is currently experiencing extensive agricultural intensification associated with rapid population growth. Those anthropogenic land use and land-cover changes (LULCC) can have significant impacts at regional and seasonal scales but also for extreme weather events, posing high vulnerability to human, natural, and economic systems. However, the effects of LULCC on extreme events in West Africa remain largely unexplored at the regional scale, lacking consensus. Here, for the first time, we employ high-resolution LULCC experiments (at 3 km resolution, spanning 2012-2022) performed with the fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology WRF-Hydro system (i.e. Weather Research and Forecasting model fully coupled with version 5.2 of the WRF-Hydro hydrological module) to investigate the potential impacts of LULCC (deforestation and afforestation scenarios) on regional climate extremes in the West African Savannas region. Analyzing 18 extreme weather indices, we find that deforestation significantly affects temperature extremes, though with modest average impacts (<3%), consistently impacting regional rainfall extremes ~2 times more than mean rainfall conditions while significantly increasing drought duration. Our findings also reveal contrasting regional biophysical responses to afforestation concerning temperature extremes: converting grassland to evergreen forests tends to mitigate the biophysical warming effect, reducing extreme heat indices through enhanced plant transpiration from largely increased canopy foliage. Conversely, converting grassland to savanna may intensify extreme heat events due to the albedo-induced warming effect and increased downward longwave radiation, resulting in more absorption of shortwave radiation by the surface. This work emphasizes the necessity of fully coupled modeling frameworks that integrate all aspects of LULCC and the potential local positive feedback between the terrestrial hydrological system and the overlying atmosphere to improve the evaluation of land-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Biosimilar drug lag and evolution in Malaysia: A retrospective analysis of regulatory approvals
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Thao My , Fatokun Omotayo , Farrukh Muhammad Junaid
Published: June 2024

The availability of biosimilars has the potential to increase patient access to affordable biological treatments. However, a delay in national regulatory approval after global approval remains a concern, potentially impeding timely patient access. This study assessed the drug lag for biosimilars approved in Malaysia relative to the European Union (EU) and examined the evolution of biosimilar approvals in Malaysia between 4 August 2008 and 31 August 2023. The median biosimilar approval lag in Malaysia was 800 days (95% CI 398.57-1201.43). Over the study period, 18 INN biosimilars in 38 different brands were approved in Malaysia, with a majority (76.3%) of brand approvals occurring between 2016 and 2023. The number of brand approvals ranged from one to four per INN biosimilar, with a median of 2 (IQR = 1–3). The median time lag between the first and second biosimilar brand approvals was 608 days (IQR = 266–866), while that between the second and third brand approvals was 119.50 days (IQR = 50.25–1442.25). There was a notable drug lag for biosimilar approvals in Malaysia, but recent years showed an increasing trend in biosimilar brand approvals. Streamlined regulatory processes are essential to enhancing biosimilar availability and accessibility in Malaysia.
Evaluation of Radiological Risk Hazards in Sediments and Selected Streams Around Kalulushi and Kitwe Towns
Authors: SHABA PHILLIMON , Hayumbu Patrick , Maseka Kenneth K.
Published: June 2024

Mining operations in the uraniferous Copperbelt Province of the Katanga Basin have raised significant environmental and health concerns, primarily due to the generation of waste during copper and cobalt extraction processes. Kitwe town heavily relies on the Kafue River for its domestic water supply. However, there has been a lack of studies measuring the levels of natural radionuclides in several tributaries of the Kafue River, namely, the Fikondo Stream, Mindolo Stream, Kitwe Stream, and Mwambashi River. This study utilized gamma-ray spectrometry to assess the presence of radionuclides, specifically radium-226, thorium-232, and potassium-40, in sediments and water near Kitwe and Kalulushi in the Copperbelt Province. The results indicated varying concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in sediments and water, ranging from 51.8 to 104.6 Bq/kg and 1.7 to 28.5 Bq/l, respectively, in sediments, and 43.1 to 72.2 Bq/kg and 0 to 1.3 Bq/l, respectively, in water. These concentrations were compared to permissible limits set by the UNSCEAR and WHO. The study revealed that all three primordial radionuclides exhibited greater activity in sediment samples than in water samples, except for specific instances. The activity of 226Ra exceeded the WHO limits in most cases, while 232Th and 40K were generally greater in all stream samples. To assess the radiological hazard posed by natural radioactivity, various parameters, such as the radius equivalent, absorbed dose rate, absorbed equivalent dose, internal hazard index, external hazard index, and excess lifetime cancer risk, were calculated for the study sites and materials.
Radiological and Surgical Evaluation of Lung Abscesses
Authors: AlZerkly Mouayad Mohammed Khaled , Mardine Heba
Published: June 2024

A lung abscess is a pulmonary lesion characterized by central suppuration and necrosis in the lung parenchyma, leading to lung parenchyma damage and the formation of one or more large cavities. It is a well-defined area containing pus or necrotic debris within the lung tissue, resulting in a cavity formation, and after the formation of a bronchopleural fistula, an air-fluid level forms inside the cavity. This study was a retrospective study analyzing patients from Damascus hospitals (specifically Al-Mouwasat Hospital, Damascus). The files of patients diagnosed with pulmonary abscess were reviewed, going back three years from the year 2021/2022/2023. With the knowledge and approval obtained from the University Deanship. Comparison of CT and plain chest X-ray by time of symptoms to appear The time period from clinical symptoms until the appearance of radiological signs on CT is less than a month, 87%, and on plain chest X-ray, 65%.A section of the sample of pulmonary abscess patients diagnosed with Corona and it was considered a complication. Patients were 25 persons, which represents 17.3% of the sample. The was as a lump or cavity with thick, irregular walls and the formation of a gaseous fluid in all patients 100%. Upon follow-up and application of treatment, the abscess was characterized by its chronic development and slow response to antibiotics. By observing patients, we found that in patients who received drug treatment, radiological monitoring was carried out as the size of the abscess decreased: (within 6 weeks in 60%, within 8 weeks in 20%, within 10 weeks in 20%), while in patients in whom the abscess was ruptured and surgically removed, The CT image is close to normal within 2–3 weeks in most patients. Cases refractory to treatment and lack of drug response occurred in 23% of patients. There were also cases of recurrence, where the abscess recurred after applying drug treatment in 15%, and the abscess burst in 2%. The death rate is 5%, most of them were infected with other dangerous diseases such as Corona and kidney failure.
Integrating multiple sequence information for identifying blood brain barrier peptides
Authors: Zou Hongliang
Published: June 2024

Peptides capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have shown promise as potential drugs for treating diseases of the central nervous system. Recently, there has been growing interest in studying these BBB peptides (BBPs). In this study, we developed a computational model to effectively distinguish between BBPs and non-BBPs. Our model incorporated three different types of sequence features, and we utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm to eliminate irrelevant and redundant features. The selected features were then used to train a support vector machine for accurate classification of BBPs and non-BBPs. During the jackknife test, our proposed method achieved classification accuracies of 82.67% and 87.37% on the training and independent testing dataset, respectively. Our approach outperformed state-of-the-art predictors when compared to existing tools used for predicting BBPs.
Quality of Life after Brain Injury in Children aged six and seven years (QOLIBRI-KIDDY) – development and scale analysis of the first disease-specific self-report instrument for young children after traumatic brain injury
Authors: von Steinbuechel Nicole , Zeldovich Marina , Bockhop Fabian , Krenz Ugne , Timmermann Dagmar , Buchheim Anna , Koerte Inga K. , Bonfert Michaela Veronika , Berweck Steffen , Kieslich Matthias , Brockmann Knut , Roediger Maike , Greving Sven , Neu Axel , Wartemann Ulrike , Suss Joachim , Auer Christian , Muehlan Holger , Cunitz Katrin
Published: June 2024

To date, there are no age-appropriate instruments for assessing the subjective impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae on multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young children. The present study therefore aims to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a new disease-specific HRQoL instrument, the Quality of Life after Brain Injury for children aged 6–7 years (QOLIBRI-KIDDY). Questionnaire development included focus group interviews, cognitive debriefings, and Delphi expert panels. The pilot version of the instrument was tested in 72 children. After item reduction based on a confirmatory scale analysis considering the six-factor structure of the questionnaire versions for older children, adolescents, and adults (Cognition, Self, Daily Life & Autonomy, Social Relationships, Emotions, Physical Problems), its reliability and validity were investigated. The final version of the QOLIBRI-KIDDY comprises 23 items. Internal consistency was satisfactory (ɑ = 0.49–0.72; ω = 0.57– 0.78). Results for construct validity suggested the expected overlap between generic HRQoL and TBI-specific HRQoL constructs (r = 0.17–0.36). There were small (r > 0.2) to moderate (r > 0.3) correlations between lower TBI-specific HRQoL and participants with lower learning rates, anxiety, depression, and post-concussion symptoms, particularly on the Cognition, Social Relationships, Emotions, and Physical Problems scales. The comparison of known groups revealed moderate and significant effects for lower HRQoL in children with depressive symptoms on the Emotions scale (d = -0.46) and with post-concussion symptoms on the Cognition (d = -0.42) and Social Relationships scales (d = -0.56). The QOLIBRI-KIDDY is a comprehensive, yet economical tool, comparable in content and items to the other age-adapted QOLIBRI versions. Its application has the potential to provide longitudinal data on subjects after TBI from childhood to older age, with a subjective perspective that can contribute to improving the therapy, rehabilitation, and daily life of young children.
Effectiveness of Neuroimaging Modalities in the Detection of Acute Neurological Disorders in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shaban Ahmed , Shaban Eman E. , Shaban Amira , Elboraay Toka , Elgassim Mohamed , Fadul Khalid Y , Abdelrahim Mohamed Gafar , Zaki Hany A.
Published: June 2024

Background Emergency department (ED) physicians often encounter patients presenting symptoms related to neurological disorders. However, due to the variation in imaging modalities, it is difficult for physicians to ascertain the most appropriate modality for diagnosis. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of various neuroimaging modalities in the detection of acute neurological disorders, with a focus on acute stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for records published until May 2024. Studies published in English and evaluating patients presented for emergency assessment of symptoms related to stroke or SAH were included. Moreover, Quality assessment was performed using the QUADAS-2, and statistical analyses were performed with STATA version 16 software.Results 19 studies (14 focused on acute stroke and 5 on SAH) were included in the final analysis. The pooled analysis showed that Diffusion-weighted image (DWI), computed tomography perfusion (CTP), non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had an overall sensitivity of 91%, 68%, 44%, and 61%, and an overall specificity of 93%, 91%, 90%, and 97%, respectively in the diagnosis of acute stroke. On the other hand, the pooled analysis indicated that CT has an overall sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 100% in diagnosing SAH.Conclusion DWI was more sensitive than NCCT, conventional MRI, and CTP in diagnosing acute stroke. Furthermore, CT was highly sensitive in diagnosing SAH, especially when performed within 6 hours of symptom onset. However, lumbar puncture is still required after a negative CT because there have been a few false negatives.
Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow milk at selected collection centres in Bushenyi district, Western Uganda: A potential risk to human health
Authors: Yashim Blessing J.S. , Ssajjakambwe Paul , Ntulume Ibrahim , Pius Theophilus
Published: June 2024

Escherichia coli are known as commensal bacteria in the digestive tract of animals. It is an indicator of faecal contamination when detected in milk, and may be a sign of defective hygiene practices along the processing points. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow milk at selected milk collection centers. The overall prevalence of E. coli in raw milk was 26.7%. The prevalence in the three areas was; Nyakabirizi (42%), Ishaka TC (30%), and Bushenyi TC (10%) with a p-value of 0.022, which is statistically significant to p < 0.05, and the posthoc test also showed a significant difference with Nyakabirizi. Of the 23 isolates, 91.3% were susceptible to both chloramphenicol and Nalidixic acids. Resistance was observed with Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (47%), Ampicillin (39.1%), and Tetracycline (30.4%). Molecular characterization indicated one sample was positive for the H7 flagella gene after PCR and sequencing.
Understanding Public Support for Juneteenth as a Federal Holiday
Authors: Martínez Iván Flores , Eremionkhale Amy , Zhou Wendy
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing public support of Juneteenth becoming a federal holiday in the United States. Leveraging the Affect, Behavior, and Cognition (ABC) model, we uncover nuanced relationships that shape individual policy attitudes by adding family and community traditions to the model. Our findings show that positive beliefs, emotions, and preferences for celebrating with family or friends increase support, while negative perceptions, commercialization of the holiday, and conservatism decrease it. Polarization perceptions reduced support, but only for the general population. Interestingly, our findings reveal that family traditions of celebrating Juneteenth during childhood have varying effects across different racial groups, with a significant interaction between cognitive inputs and family traditions among African Americans. By considering cultural, cognitive, and emotional dimensions, this study contributes to the understanding of public sentiment toward historical event recognition and provides guidance for promoting unity and appreciation of Juneteenth’s significance. This pioneering research lays the foundation for future studies exploring the dynamics of public support for commemorating historical events and advancing social justice through public policy.
Prevalence of Hypomagnesaemia among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and its Correlation to Intra-hospital Complications
Authors: Taha Mohammed Mohammed , Azhary Ayman , Alkhatim Waleed Azhary Sir , Daoud Mahmoud H.S. , Mohmed Mohmed Hussien Ahmed , Idris Maali Yousif Mustafa , Mukhtar Musab Mohammed Ali Ahmed , Saeed Sumaia Ali Mohamed , Ahmed Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla
Published: June 2024

Background: Magnesium (Mg) has recognized cardio-protective properties, and hypomagnesemia is common in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Low serum magnesium has been implicated in cardiovascular mortality, but results are conflicting and the pathophysiology is unclear.
Objective:To determine the prevalence and effects of hypomagnesemia in patients with AMI.
Method:A cross-sectional study enrolled 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to MadaniHeart Centre (MHC) in Sudan. Through one year, demographic data, clinical data (presenting complains, medical history, and medication history), laboratory examination, electrocardiography (ECG) findings, and echocardiography findings were collected. Serum magnesium was measured for all participants, and hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium less than 2.4 mg/dl.
Results: Among 100 patients, 55 (55%) were females and 45 (45%) were males, and the mean age was 60.2±13.0 years. Chest pain (n = 92; 92%) was the major presenting complaint; in addition, DM (n = 50; 50%) and hypertension (n = 50; 50%) were the commonest cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among patients. The mean of magnesium was 2.1±0.4 mg/dl, and hypomagnesemia was found in 10 (10%) patients. Inelectrocardiography, 14 (14%) patients had arrhythmia as RBBB in 4 (4%), SVT in 4 (4%), LBBB in 3 (3%), AF-RVR in 2 (2%) and VT in one (1%) patient (p value = 0.016). 98 (98%) patients were normally discharged, while unfortunately two patients died (2%); both have a high magnesium level.
Conclusion:The frequency of hypomagnesemia among acute myocardial infarction patients was high, with significant association to development of arrhythmias (mainly supraventricular tachycardia) and hypomagnesemia had no significant role as a predictor for prognosis and mortality.