bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Characterization of Micro-Plasma Additive Manufacturing Process for Inconel 718 Superalloy
Authors: Nagy Jason , Singh Adria Barcelo , Huang Xiao
Published: May 2023

A micro-plasma system was investigated for its capability in additive manufacturing (AM). Micro-plasma AM system has the advantage of lower cost and higher deposition rate over the laser-based AM systems, and generates leaner and cleaner weld deposit than other arc-based AM systems. However, the microplasma system is complex and involves a large number of process variables. In this study, the effects of two arc and wire feed modes on dimensional consistency and hardness were firstly examined. Subsequently, one set of the specimens was further subjected to oxidation tests and the results were compared to that from conventional wrought Inconel 718. It was found that all four processes could produce crack free samples without measurable distortion. Some surface discoloration was observed, ranging from light straw to a purple tint. After heat treatment, the hardness of the samples varies from 403 to 440 HV, with the transverse surface showing slightly lower hardness values. The oxidation tests at 900 °C yielded similar weight change for AM Inconel 718 and its counterpart wrought alloy; however, the rate constant for wrought alloy was slightly higher. Microstructural analysis with SEM and EDS revealed a dendritic structure in the AM Inconel 718 and the presence of Nb-rich compounds in the interdendritic region. The polycrystal grain structure was not delineated in AM material as that in wrought 718. With the increase of exposure time, the oxide layer continues to increase at a higher rate, along with a sublayer of Ni3Nb above the metal substrate. In addition, after 200 hours, the wrought alloy developed porous chromia, while AM material exhibited uneven oxide thickness. In consideration of all aspects of the evaluation carried out thus far, it is concluded that the AM material produced by micro-plasma process is equivalent to wrought material in mechanical properties and oxidation performance.
Effects of Plasma-Related Input Parameters on Fluctuation and Coating Characteristics in APS—Towards a Transdisciplinary Integration of Technical Assessments and Human Knowledge-Driven Evaluations
Authors: Grimm Maximilian , Drehmann Rico , Lindner Thomas , Morgenstern Tina , Klichowicz Anja , Bocklisch Franziska , Lampke Thomas
Published: May 2023

Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is characterized by complex interactions between input, process and output variables. Process control relies heavily on human expert knowledge and experience. Process diagnostics can provide additional information to the operator and support cognitive processes in task execution. When using non-cascaded torch systems, significant plasma fluctuations occur, affecting the coating quality. High-frequency fluctuations can only be detected by suitable diagnostic systems and interpreted by experienced APS operators. In this study, the state of the plasma jet (area, fluctuation) is investigated depending on total plasma gas flow rate (50 vs. 65 l/min) and the H2 content of plasma gases (17, 20 and 23 vol. %) using high-speed camera pictures. To evaluate plasma fluctuation effects, particle temperature and velocity as well as resulting coating properties (thickness and porosity) are determined for two ceramic systems. The results show that fluctuations of the plasma jet have a significant effect on the particle state and coating quality. The use of a high-speed camera to evaluate the stability of the plasma jet is an attractive method that, when properly integrated, has the potential to provide the human operator with important information to allow rapid assessment of input parameters or the condition of the plasma torch.
Microstructure and Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous Coating by HVOF
Authors: Pi Ziqiang , Du Kaiping , Chen Xing , Zheng Zhaoran
Published: May 2023

The amorphous Fe-based coating was fabricated on 304 stainless steel matrix by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). The microstructure, friction properties and wear mechanism of the coating were mainly analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Vickers microhardness tester, friction and wear tester, three-dimensional optical profilometer. Results show that: most of the coatings were amorphous, and the amorphous content increased first and then decreased with the increase of heat input. When the spraying parameters are kerosene flow rate 21 L/h, oxygen flow rate 56 m3/h, powder feeding rate 35 g/min, spraying distance 360 mm, the coating amorphous content is up to 84%, the hardness is over 842 HV0.2, the wear resistance advances over 2.9 times than the matrix.
Inner Diameter High-Velocity Air Fuel (ID-HVAF) Spraying of Copper, Compared to Cold Spray
Authors: Asadiankouhidehkordi Golnoush , Liberati Andre C. , Ettouil Fadhel Ben , Moreau Christian
Published: May 2023

As a supersonic solid-state deposition process, Cold Spray (CS) has a unique role among other thermal spray techniques as it uses compressed and heated gas to accelerate particles to a critical velocity. CS can be an expensive process, especially when helium is used as a processing gas. In recent thermal spray developments, High-Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF) has taken a specific place in terms of providing dense and strong coatings similar to CS, but also coatings with less oxidation than High- Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF). In contrast to these techniques, HVAF uses a mixture of fuel and air, instead of pure oxygen as in HVOF, to accelerate particles. Therefore, HVAF appears as a relatively cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative for the deposition of a wide variety of materials. The aim of this research is to produce fully dense copper coatings with limited oxidation using an inner diameter (ID) HVAF system and to compare the microstructure with CS copper coatings. Coating microstructures, surface roughness, and microhardness are studied using different characterization methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Through this paper, the influence of both spray processes, CS and ID-HVAF, on the deposition of copper coatings is discussed. Cross-sectional studies of different coatings show a fairly dense microstructure for CS and ID-HVAF coatings. Moreover, it is discussed how the copper coating properties can change upon modifying the spray parameters.
Modeling the Formation of Thermal Spray Coatings on Substrates with Arbitrary Shapes
Authors: Haghighi Behrouz , Passandideh-Fard Mohammad , Mostaghimi Javad
Published: May 2023

The formation of Nickel coatings on stainless steel substrates and YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) on NiCrAlY in the Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) process is investigated. Coating formation over a substrate with an arbitrary shape (an inclined step in this paper) is considered. The topography of the coatings, as well as their microstructure, e.g., porosity, average thickness, and average roughness, are evaluated. An algorithm, which is based on the Monte-Carlo stochastic model, is employed. The significant difference between the coating temperature and that of the substrate leads to the formation of residual thermal stresses. These stresses are analyzed using Object Oriented Finite-element software (OOF) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). An image of the cross-section of the coating is imported into the code, which utilizes an adaptive meshing technique and Finite- Element Method to calculate residual thermal stresses. The maximum stress in the coatings occurs at the interface between the coating and the substrate. The coatings' topography and microstructure are compared with those of the experiments.
Development of a Synthesis Route for High-Entropy Alloy Feedstock Particles for Cold Spray Following Conventional and Sequential Mechanical Milling Regimes
Authors: Custodio Aisa Grace , Saha Gobinda C. , Aranas Clodualdo
Published: May 2023

Material’s tensile strength can be improved by the presence of a body-centered cubic (BCC) phase, which is essential in highstrength applications and highly corrosive environments. Thus, synthesizing a BCC single-phase, equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) feedstock particle using a highenergy mechanical alloying (HE-MA) method was investigated. The transient alloy particles were developed using a planetary mill at a constant rotational speed of 580 rpm employing milling times in the range of 4 to 24 hours. During the process, stearic acid of 3 wt.% of the precursor composition was used as a process-controlling agent (PCA). Two HE-MA manufacturing regimes were utilized: i) conventional (milling constituent elements simultaneously), and ii) sequential (progressive milling while adding elements in a certain order). In addition to the conventional method, a sequential regime was employed to develop FeNiCoCrAl, wherein individual elements were added every 4 hours to the starting/milled Fe + Ni mixture. Based on the results, the HE-MA FeNiCoCrAl showed a BCC single-phase formation after 24 hours, with no intermetallic or contamination traceability. Finally, a nanoindentation hardness measurement was carried out to support the observed phase transformation before and after the HE-MA process.
Performance of Plasma-Sprayed Bi2O3–Er2O3–WO3 for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs)
Authors: Chen Rui , Luo Xiao-Tao , Zhang Li , Wang Di , Li Cheng-Xin , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: May 2023

The previous results have shown that dense bismuth oxidebased electrolytes can be fabricated simply by plasma spraying owing to their low melting point. In this study, the Bi2O3– Er2O3–WO3 electrolyte of high ionic conductivity was deposited by the cost-effective plasma spraying to assemble the SOFC for examining its electrochemical performance. The SOFC cell consisted of FeCr24.5 metal support, NiO-YSZ anode, 10 mol% scandium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide (ScSZ) electrolyte, (Bi2O3)0.705 (Er2O3)0.245 (WO3)0.05 (EWSB) electrolyte, and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) cathode. The ScSZ electrolyte interlayer was introduced between the anode and EWSB electrolyte to hinder the reduction of EWSB in the anode environment. NiO-YSZ, ScSZ, EWSB, and LSCF were deposited by plasma spraying on the metal support which was prepared by a press-forming-sintering process. The NiO-YSZ/ ScSZ/ EWSB/ LSCF single cell assembled with the as-sprayed ScSZ presented an open circuit potential of 0.90V at 600 °C and the maximum power density of 1130 mW cm-2 at 750 °C, 450 mW cm-2 at 650 °C, and 128 mW cm-2 at 550 °C. The plasma sprayed ScSZ electrolyte was then densified through impregnating using yttrium and zirconium nitrate solutions followed by annealing treatment. The single cell assembled with the densified ScSZ presented an open circuit potential up to 1.004V at 600 °C and the maximum power density of 1356 mW cm-2 at 750 °C, 619 mW cm-2 at 650 °C, and 163 mW cm-2 at 550 °C. The performance of the cell was significantly improved by the post-spray densification treatment of the ScSZ electrolyte. The present result shows that the high performance NiO-YSZ/ScSZ/EWSB/LSCF cell at intermediate temperatures can be successfully fabricated by plasma spraying.
The Potential of High Velocity Air Fuel Spraying (HVAF) to Manufacture Bond Coats in Thermal Barrier Coating Systems
Authors: Mauer Georg , Rauwald Karl-Heinz , Vaßen Robert
Published: May 2023

Driven by the search for an optimum combination of particle velocity and process temperature to achieve dense hard metal coatings at high deposition efficiencies and powder feed rates, the high velocity air-fuel spraying process (HVAF) was developed. In terms of achievable particle velocities and temperatures, this process can be classified between high velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) and cold gas spraying (CGS). The particular advantages of HVAF regarding moderate process temperatures, high particle velocities as well as high productivity and efficiency suggest that the application of HVAF should be also investigated for the manufacture of MCrAlY (M = Co and/or Ni) bond coats (BCs) in thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems. In this work, corresponding HVAF spray parameters were developed based on detailed process analyses. Different diagnostics were carried out to characterize the working gas jet and the particles in flight. The coatings were investigated with respect to their microstructure, surface roughness and oxygen content. The spray process was assessed for its effectiveness. Process diagnostics as well as calculations of the gas flow in the jet and the particle acceleration and heating were applied to explain the governing mechanisms on the coating characteristics. The results show that HVAF is a promising alternative manufacturing process.
Effect of Spray Parameters on MCrAlY In-Flight Particle Oxidation and Coating Microstructure Deposited by Internal Diameter High Velocity Air Fuel (ID-HVAF)
Authors: Lamana M.S. , Thoutam A.K. , Mahdavi A. , Liberati A.C. , Ben Ettouil F. , Moreau C. , Dolatabadi A.
Published: May 2023

Aircraft gas turbine blades operate in aggressive, generally oxidizing, atmospheres. A solution to mitigate the degradation and improve the performance of such components is the deposition of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Specifically for bond coats in aerospace applications, High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF) is very efficient for coating deposition. However, internal diameter (ID) HVAF has received little attention in the literature and could be a promising alternative to limit oxidation during spraying when compared to conventional methods. The main objective of this study is to analyze how the ID-HVAF process influences the microstructure of NiCoCrAlY coatings. To that end, an i7 ID-HVAF torch is used to deposit NiCoCrAlY splats on a steel substrate with different stand-off distances. The deposited splats showed the presence of craters, and both partially melted and deformed particles at the surface. The particle velocity data was recorded, and the splat deformation and amount of particles deposited was shown to be directly corelated to the stand-off distance. The material composition analyzed and quantified by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) did not reveal any traces of in-flight of particle oxidation, but further investigation is required. This study provided a preliminary understanding towards the importance of stand-off distance on the splat deformation and in-flight oxidation.
Effect of Boron Alloying on the Fretting Wear Performance of Plasma-Sprayed CuNiIn Coatings
Authors: Zhu Yong-Sheng , Luo Xiao-Tao , Ren Yuan , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: May 2023

Atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) CuNiIn coatings have been widely used for fretting wear protection in many important areas such as aircraft engines for decades. The oxides in CuNiIn coating prepared by APS hinder splat bonding formation and thus degrade the coating fretting performance. In this study, CuNiIn powders of different boron contents were designed to realize the self-oxide-cleaning effect for in-flight molten droplets and thus deposit the dense CuNiIn coating with high fretting performance. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the microstructure. The oxygen content in the coating was measured by the inert gas fusion technique. Fretting test was performed for three coatings under different loadings. The results show that CuNiIn2B and CuNiIn4B coatings presented the oxide content of 0.40wt% and 0.38wt%, which are lower than 1.6wt% of the CuNiIn coating. The oxygen content in the CuNiIn4B coating decreased with the increase of spray distance while the oxygen content in CuNiIn coating increased with the increase of the spray distance. Such results clearly reveal the boron in-situ deoxidizing effect of inflight molten droplets. As a result, the dense CuNiIn2B and CuNiIn4B coatings were deposited with oxide-free molten droplets. The test results showed that the fretting wear performance of B-alloyed CuNiIn coatings were increased by a factor over three comparing with conventional CuNiIn coating.
Aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos do melanoma acral lentiginoso: uma revisão.
Authors: Rodrigues de Aguiar Mateus , Klockner Eduarda , Yano Callado Gustavo , Carvalho Gomes Heitor , Santos de Oliveira Filho Renato
Published: May 2023

O melanoma acral lentiginoso (MAL) é um tipo de melanoma cutâneo raro, que apresenta alta mortalidade na população geral. A apresentação clínica geralmente se dá pelo surgimento progressivo de uma mácua assimétrica de bordas irregulares e de coloração escura (variando entre o preto e o marrom) na pele. As parte do corpo mais acometidas são regiões de extremidades, como palmas das mãos e plantas dos pés, além do leito ungueal e das mucosas. Portanto, são áreas que não são comumente expostas ao sol, distanciando a influência da radiação ultravioleta no surgimento deste tipo de câncer. O diagnóstico é realizado através da história clínica do paciente, dermatoscopia, histopatologia da lesão e através de testes moleculares. Esse tipo de diagnóstico é considerado desafiador, principalmente nos estágios iniciais, período em que as alterações histopatológicas e clínicas são mínimas. De uma forma geral, o tratamento do MAL é semelhante ao dos outros melanomas cutâneos e consiste na ampla excisão da lesão para obter margens negativas adequadas e estadiamento apropriado, incluindo mapeamento do linfonodo sentinela e linfadenectomia seletiva, quando apropriado. Portanto, diante da importância deste tipo de melanoma, nosso grupo apresenta esta revisão da literatura, reunindo os aspectos referentes ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento do MAL que foram discutidos por diferentes centros de pesquisa nos últimos anos. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é, portanto, contribuir para a discussão médica, compilando as informações mais aceitas e consolidadas sobre a doença.
The Development of Noble Character Through The Program, Child-Friendly Schools
Authors: Qulyubi Mujib , Leksono Aris Adi , Khori Ahmad
Published: May 2023

The term character is generally equated meaning with manners, manners, manners in English, and it is no different with the meaning of the word moral. The purpose of this research is to get description about the development of noble character through a program of child friendly schools. In this study using descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results of the research, it is known that a lack of understanding of teachers and the school community about the relevance of the policy development of noble character through the implementation of the program of child friendly schools. It becomes an opportunity for problem solving learning by formulating an alternative to overcome the problems encountered, through the sstrategy conceptual form of practical tips program, child friendly schools, then through group discussions guided (Focus Group Discussion). Which was attended by the Head of school and teachers, supervisors SRA DKI Jakarta Province Head of JUNIOR high school Learning and academics. Strategy conceptual form of practical Tips is a step to carry out the program of child friendly schools, so that it can provide space for the teacher to pour creativity in the effort to improve the implementation of the learning and development of noble character in the child.
INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON THE GENERATIVE SPHERE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENDEMIC SPECIES GYPSOPHILA THYRAICA A. KRASNOVA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE)
Authors: Yuzyk M. A. , Optasiuk O. M. , Lisova U. I. , Klepko A. V.
Published: May 2023

The peculiarities of the influence of ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) on the reproductive properties of the endemic, relict, rare species Gypsophila thyraica A. Krasnova s. str. with the aim of identifying the features of its adaptation to environmental conditions and predicting further reproduction. An analysis of seed germination, seed germination energy, features of seedling development, fertility and viability of pollen at different exposure options of UV irradiation was carried out. The stimulating effect of short-term UV-R irradiation (10-20 min.) on germination, energy of seed germination and seedling development was established. The energy of seed germination during exposure for 20 min. 2-3 times higher in irradiated samples than in non-irradiated controls; the analysis of morphometric indicators showed a doubling of the length of primary roots and the total size of seedlings in comparison with the control samples, in which deformed individuals prevailed, with slowed growth, fungal diseases were more often observed. It was established that under natural conditions, the fertility and viability of G. thyraica pollen varies between 75-85%. After additional UV-R irradiation at low doses, a gradual decrease in the fertilizing ability of pollen was observed; the percentage of deformed pollen increased with increasing exposure to radiation, which is a consequence of the destructive effect, first of all, on the shape. The viability of pollen under the influence of small doses of UV-R irradiation gradually increased (up to 91.0%), although the number of deformed increased. With long-term exposure to UV-R light (60 min.), pollen fertility increased, and viability decreased.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF SINGLE-SPECIES AND COMPATIBLE FORAGE AGROPHYTOCOENOSES OF TRITICAL YARGO AND PEAS DEPENDING ON THE RATIO OF COMPONENTS AND FERTILIZER
Authors: Demydas G. I. , Weiler S. S.
Published: May 2023

Goal. To determine the peculiarities of formation of agrophytocenoses of spring triticale and field pea in monospecies and compatible crops depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. The results. The results of studies on the features of formation of agrophytocenoses of spring triticale and field pea in single-species and compatible crops according to their density, botanical composition, linear growth, proportion of leaves and leaf surface area depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers, which were carried out annually during 2020-2022, are shown. on chernozem soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe. Conclusions. Fodder agrophytocenoses of spring triticale and common pea in single-species and combined crops are formed with a density of 567-1760 shoots per 1 m2, triticale bushiness of 2-5 shoots per plant and a height of 87-104 cm. Single-species sowing of spring triticale and its mixture with common pea are denser in the ratio of 75:25% alfalfa-cereal and cereal grass. Spring triticale is characterized by a greater height than field peas. Application of fertilizers and, to a greater extent, N45P45K45 than 250 kg/ha of humigran organic fertilizer applied in pre-sowing cultivation as well as symbiotic nitrogen of seed pea in a binary mixture increases the height of spring triticale by 5-6 cm, and bushiness by 1 shoot/plant, and with their combined application - respectively on 10-11 cm and 2 shoots/plant. Linear and metameric growth of spring triticale increases with an increase in the number of seed peas in the grass mixture. In joint sowing of spring triticale with pea, the share of each of the named components in the harvest increases with the increase of their share when sowing in grass mixtures. In trikale spring, the increase in leaf surface area (from 14.3 to 41.5 thousand m2/ha) occurs in the period from the end of tillering to the beginning of earing, in pea this period is more extended and lasts from shoot formation to the end of budding, increasing from 10.0 to 41.8 thousand m2/ha.
VARIETY STUDY OF WHITE-HEAD CABBAGE USING ORGANIC TECHNOLOGY IN THE OPEN GROUND
Authors: Vdovenko S. A. , Palamarchuk I. I.
Published: May 2023

As a result of the conducted research, it was established that varietal characteristics influence the interphase periods of white cabbage and its yield. The duration of the interphase period "stairs – the beginning of the formation of heads" varied in the studies. During the cultivation of the Slavia and Slava 1305 varieties, the interphase period "seedlings – the beginning of the formation of heads" was 88 – 89 days, respectively, but the plants of the Slavia variety are characterized by a more pronounced early maturity compared to the Slava 1305 varieties. In hybrids, early maturity was characterized by the plants of the Aquarel F1 hybrids and Kubok F1. In these options, the duration of the interphase period varied from 83 to 84 days.

Plants of the Slavia variety and the control hybrid Megaton F1 were characterized by a longer period of harvesting cabbage heads. In the specified options, the duration of product collection was 20 days. In other variants of the experiment, the duration of harvesting was shorter by 1 day in relation to the Aquarel F1 and Kubok F1 hybrids and by 2 days in relation to the Slava 1305 variety. Among the varieties, an earlier beginning of head formation was found in plants of the Slavia variety and the Aquarel F1 and Kubok F1 hybrids.

During the cultivation of hybrids Kubok F1. and Aquarel F1, the yield of these variants exceeded the yield of the control variant by 7 –12 %, respectively. On average, during the years of conducting the experiment, the total yield of white cabbage varied between 26.3 – 27.0 t/ha by varieties and 30.1 – 32.6 by hybrids. Cultivation of hybrids Kubok F1. and Aquarel F1 in the open ground is appropriate because it provides an increase in the overall yield of the plant by 8 % for seedless cultivation.

An earlier arrival of cabbage heads was characterized by hybrids Aquarel F1 and Kubok F1, the first harvest of which was 16.0 and 16.4 % of the total yield.
EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION BY YOUNG CATTLE IN THE REARING OF FEED DOUBLE
Authors: Buchkovska V. І. , Ievstafiieva Y. M.
Published: May 2023

Increasing the efficiency of animal feeding through the use of modern feed additives is one of the ways to solve this problem. Therefore, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of feed additives for the organization of full feeding of different sex-age groups of animals is relevant.

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the «Tripel BZ» feed additive on the use of feed in the body of young Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cattle at the age of 2-4 months, based on the analysis of feeding rations, using modern norms for feeding young cattle.

In order to study the effectiveness of the use of the polymineral biologically active feed additive «Tripel BZ» in feeding young cattle in the PE «Kalinsky Klyuch» village. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted in Kalynya Kamianets, Podilsky district, Khmelnytskyi region. The material for the study was feed rations, which included the semi-liminal biologically active feed additive «Tripel BZ».

A scientific and economic experiment was conducted on calves of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed aged 2-4 months. For this purpose, two groups of similar Bugai cattle were selected, 12 heads each with an initial live weight of 72,5 kg according to the developed research scheme. At the same time, two groups of animals were formed: the first – control, the second – experimental. The young were kept in groups of 12 heads, untethered, in one room – the conditions of keeping were similar for both groups. At the same time, the animals of the first group were fed the basic diet, and the animals of the second group were given polymineral biologically active feed additive «Tripel BZ» as part of the basic diet.

Analyzing the results of the conducted research should be noted. that the young animals that consumed rations with the «Tripel BZ» feed additive used feed more economically for the production of a unit of live weight gain, so it can be concluded about the feasibility of its use in feeding young cattle in the amount of 0,15 kg per day.
SLAUGHTER PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AND RATIOS OF LYSINE AND THREONINE IN THE COMPOUND FEED
Authors: Ilchuk I. I. , Sychov M. Yu. , Kondratiuk V. M. , Umanets D. P. , Balanchuk I. M. , Holubieva T. A.
Published: May 2023

The article highlights the results of the study of the influence of different levels and ratios between lysine and threonine in compound feed of broiler chickens on slaughter indicators. The experiment was conducted by the group method on 600 heads of broiler chickens of the "Cobb-500" cross, which were divided into 6 groups of 100 heads each. In the combined feed of chickens of the first three groups against the background of the basic level of lysine, the level of threonine was increased. In the feed of the birds of the other 3 groups, the level of threonine was increased against the background of the increased level of lysine. It was established that the highest indicators of meat productivity in broiler chickens were established for the content of lysine and threonine in compound feed, respectively, in the first growing period (age 1–10 days) – 1.24 and 0.83%; in the second growing period (age 11–22 days) – 1.14 and 0.78% and in the third growing period (age 23–42 days) – 1.09 and 0.70%. When using compound feed with an effective content of lysine and threonine, pre-slaughter live weight increases by 0.65% (р<0.05); weight of semi-carcasses - by 2.12% (р<0.05); the mass of the cartridge carcass - by 3.85% (р<0.05); pectoral muscle mass - by 12.27% (р<0.05); muscle mass of the pelvic limbs - by 12.77% (р<0.05); yield of semi-carcasses - by 1.25% (р<0.05); cartridge carcass yield - by 2.50% (р<0.05); output of pectoral muscles – by 2.34% (p<0.05) and output of pelvic limb muscles – by 1.93% (p<0.05). No antagonism between lysine and threonine has been established. Neither an increase in the content of lysine nor threonine caused a decrease in productivity or other negative consequences. The influence of the lysine-threonine ratio on the meat productivity of chickens has not been established. Productivity increased regardless of the ratio, with an increase in the content of both amino acids in the compound feed. However, the highest meat productivity was noted for the ratio of lysine to threonine in compound feed, in the first period of growing - 0.67: 1; in the second - 0.68: 1 and in the third - 0.70: 1.
DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION OF SEMI-FINISHED MILLED FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS BASED ON USE OF VEGETATIVE RAW PRODUCTS
Authors: Kushnir Yu. M. , Nikolaienko M. S.
Published: May 2023

The purposes set in carrying out of this work were the final determining of composition of vegetative milled semi-finished product, and its preferences over traditional samples of milled mince-meats based on use of beef. The factors stipulated the need of raising of this work were as follows. 1) the increased deficit of meat raw because of quick rising of world population growing on one billion during last 11 years, as well as prospective bettering of level of their nourishing, 2) continuous worsening of ecological state of the planet because of intense progress of livestock-breeding: it was shown that consumption of water in breeding of cattle is, dependently of region of world, is of 20-70 % of its quantity, and formed in breeding of one cow surpass the related value of one man by factor of 150, 3) increasing of generation of greenhouse gases, which quantity constitutes 18 % of their global quantity. This stage of complex investigation included the search of specialized literature by problem of choose of vegetative ingredient of milled mince recommended to replace ingredients of animal origin. It was shown in earlier publications the replacing of beef by soy and wheat texturate permits to preserve the trade view of the mince and make better at the same time in less quantity of sodium such its basic organoleptic properties as taste, aroma and consistency. It was compared in this work the indices of content of minerals and vitamins in the control mix and the mince in development, and shown that the latter contains more vitamins and minerals, especially the selenium one. To speed up dynamics of its assimilation we propose to increase dosing of iodine into the mince by mode of replacing of rock salt by the sea one. The formulation of the mince recommended for extended manufacturing includes also the component of mix of sunflower and coconut oil instead of fat of animal origin. Use of component of coconut oil in such mix permitted to correct partly ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid to the level recommended by dietarians.
INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN ON THE QUALITY OF RASPBERRIES DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: Bal-Prylypko L. V. , Mushtruk M. M. , Omelian A. M.
Published: May 2023

Raspberries is a perishable berry with a high capacity for mechanical and microbiological damage, therefore, after harvesting, it is necessary to use appropriate technologies to preserve its quality and extend the shelf life. The aim of the research is influence of different concentrations of chitosan solutions on the quality and shelf life of raspberry berries under cooling conditions. Physico-chemical and organoleptic methods of research and methodological principles of collection, accumulation, systematization, analysis, generalization, and synthesis of information were used in the research. Raspberry berries were collected in the consumer stage of ripeness in perforated plastic containers with a capacity of 500 g. Processing of berries was carried out by spraying 0.5 %; 1.0 % and 2.0 % chitosan solution followed by removal of residual moisture. Storage was carried out for twelve days in a refrigerating chamber at a temperature of 2º C and a relative humidity of 95 %. The research was carried out by determining changes in the mass fraction of ascorbic acid, sugars during storage, as well as taste, aroma, color, consistency and appearance at the end of storage. It was established that the treated berries had 1.5–3.9 times less loss of ascorbic acid than in the control sample. A similar situation was observed with the mass fraction of sugars, the content of which prevailed by 0.9–2.5 % in processed raspberry samples. According to organoleptic indicators, samples with a solution concentration of 1.0 % and 2.0 % were recognized as the best. Raspberries not treated with chitosan quickly lost their marketable appearance, taste and aroma. It was found that pre-treatment of berries with chitosan solutions is a promising way to slow down undesirable metabolic processes during storage, which are carried out after harvesting, which practically makes it possible to extend the consumer properties of the product.
CARBON SEQUESTRATIVE CAPACITY OF SCOTS PINE STANDS IN URBAN FORESTS OF KYIV CITY
Authors: Vasylyshyn R. D. , Lakyda М. О. , Bidolakh D. І. , Lakyda І. P.
Published: May 2023

The results of carbon sequestration capacity assessment of Scots pine stands in urban forests of Kyiv as their important ecosystem function are presented in the article. The methodological basis for the research of quantitative indicators of carbon sequestration capacity of urban forests is formed by the "semi-empirical" method of assessing the annual increase in total live biomass production (net primary production). In general, the assessment of carbon sequestration capacity of Scots pine forests in urban forests of Kyiv covers more than 10 thousand forest plots covered with forest vegetation over an area of more than 25 thousand hectares.

It was found that carbon sequestration capacity of Scots pine stands in Kyiv is more than 120 thousand tons of carbon, while the mean carbon sequestration capacity of the studied stands is 490 g С·(m2)-1·year-1. More than 95 % of these carbon volumes are sequestered by Scots pine stands.

Silvicultural peculiarities of formation of carbon sequestration capacity of Scots pine stands with different biometric characteristics were determined. In particular, almost 30 % of carbon is sequestered by stands of the first site index class, and the share of stands of artificial origin is 67.7 %.

A significant influence of biometric characteristics of stands on the intensity of carbon sequestration by the studied stands was established. The highest values of mean carbon sequestration capacity are typical for stands of VI and VII age classes (530 and 540 g С·(m2)-1·year-1, respectively). For stands of Ib site index class, values of more than 600 g С·(m2)-1·year-1 are prognosed, while for those of IV site index class the studied indicator is close to 280 g С·(m2)-1·year-1. The obtained results form a basis for monitoring of ecosystem potential of urban forests of Kyiv.
FORMATION BETWEEN BARREL CONNECTIONS
Authors: Sirko Z. , D'yakonov V. , Okhrimenko S. , Torchilevskyi D. , Starysh E. , Hrytsun V.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the coverage of issues related to the manufacture of handrail joints (fittings) from wood. Attention is focused on the fact that the process of mechanical processing (cutting) of both handrails and fittings is complex, takes place in different vertical planes and is accompanied by errors depending on the type of cutting. Conducted research while cutting the fitting and handrails by hand with a hacksaw and with the help of a miter saw showed that errors during the connection (gluing) of the fitting with the handrails exist and they differ depending on the cutting method. The purpose of the work is to develop a method and a device for making precise cuts in different vertical planes during the formation of inter-floor handrail joints. Methods of fitting calculations with a trapezoidal and rectangular central element are given, as well as research methods. In particular, mathematical dependencies for calculating elements of fittings of various styles are given. The angular and linear parameters of the fitting elements are shown depending on the distance between the handrails. The proposed method of cutting in the vertical planes of the fitting and handrails and the device for implementing the method. It is shown that after cutting the fitting and handrails using the device, there are practically no gaps in the connection (less than 0.1 mm). The conducted studies showed that there are no standard machines, devices or mechanisms for cutting installed and fixed handrails in a given direction. Therefore, the proposed method of cutting in the vertical planes of the fitting and handrails and the device for implementing the method significantly improved the quality of the connection between the fitting and handrails. The use of the proposed technical solutions will significantly improve the quality of the connection, the design of the product and the convenience of human movement.
STRENGTHENING AND RESTORATION OF THE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF WOOD-CUTTING SAWS USING THE METHOD OF PLASMA DEPOSITION OF WEAR-RESISTANT ALLOYS
Authors: Sirko Z. , Nosov M. , Okhrimenko S. , Torchilevskyi D. , Starysh E. , Hrytsun V.
Published: May 2023

The article covers the issues related to wear and blunting of the teeth of wood-cutting tools, which leads to the loss of the tool's cutting capacity, a decrease in the productivity of the wood sawing process, the quality of lumber and blanks, and an increase in energy costs. It is shown that the process of wear of a wood-cutting tool is a rather complex complex of interrelated phenomena. The types of wear of the tool are given and it is indicated that the degree of wear of the cutting part of the saw teeth and the nature of the change in their microgeometry depends on a number of factors. Methods of increasing the wear resistance of wood-cutting saws are considered. It is shown that the method of strengthening saw teeth by surfacing wear-resistant alloys is the most promising. The purpose of the research is to increase the wear resistance and efficiency of the use of saws due to their strengthening by the method of plasma application of wear-resistant alloys. The method of experimental research with a circular saw of a special design is presented, the geometric parameters of the experimental samples of the tool are determined. Saws with inserted teeth made of P6M5, 8X6НФT, 9ХФ steels, cast hard alloy ВЗКР and hard metal-ceramic alloy ВK15 were studied. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the dulling intensity is the lowest with the use of the ВЗКР alloy. Wear-resistant ВЗКР alloy can be welded using various methods on automated equipment, provides high wear resistance of the tool and is cheaper than metal-ceramic hard alloys. The characteristics of the equipment for surfacing wear-resistant alloys on saw teeth and the technology of their strengthening are given. Tests of saws with teeth strengthened by ВЗКР alloy deposited in production conditions showed high wear resistance of saws, increased productivity of the sawing process, reduction of roughness of processing surfaces, and reduction of saw dust consumption in the sawing process.
MOTION LAWS DEVELOPMENT OF TROLLEY MOVEMENT AND TOWER CRANE SLEWING
Authors: Romasevych Yu. O. , Loveikin V. S. , Velykoivanenko D. I.
Published: May 2023

The article presents an approach that allows to calculation optimal trajectory of load movement in the building yard. This trajectory provides avoiding obstacles in a way, that ensures the smoothness of the load movement. The essence of the developed approach is in multiple recalculations of the trajectory: the first step brings the shortest path from the initial point to the final point and the obstacle point is in the connection of two parts of the trajectory; the second stage provides changing the second part of the trajectory by a smooth (polynomial) law, that is connected with the first part at the angle 180 degrees; the third stage allows to add acceleration and deceleration modes of motion to the trajectory and reduces the load velocity when it goes near obstacle point. All of the calculations are carried out in an analytical way, and example of numerical calculations is presented in the article as well.

In order to make the needed calculation for shifting and rotation of the smooth part of the trajectory (second stage of calculation) all the path was converted into discreet form. Mentioned operation of rotation was carried pot with a rotation matrix.

In order to calculate discreet values of mechanisms' velocities the modified digital Savitzky-Golay filter was applied. The output results may be implemented by means of varied frequency drives of the mechanisms.

The article ends with comparing of numerical indicators, which refer to the three stages. Among them are: gaps in the velocity of a mechanism during acceleration and deceleration, the gap in the velocity of a mechanism during obstacle avoidance, and the change in velocity sign of a mechanism. All of the indicators were calculated for both of the mechanisms: tower crane slewing and trolley movement. Comparison of the numerical indicators allowed us to conclude, that the final stage (calculations iteration) is the best among the comparable. However, it has some disadvantages, that need to be fixed in further investigations in this direction.
ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EDAPHOTOPES OF POST-TECHNOGENIC AREAS OF SULFUR QUARRIES
Authors: Oliferchuk V. P. , Shukel I. V. , Marutyak S. B. , Taras U. M. , Naumovska O. I.
Published: May 2023

The results of the research of the peculiarities of morphological structure development and change in chemical indicators of edaphotopes of embriozems and technozems on the post-technogenic lands at the Yavoriv and Podorozhnie sulfur quarries were described in the article. During 30 years after intensive sulfur mining was stopped and mines closure under the influence of various environmental and human-caused factors significant changes of disturbed soils characteristics occured within the sulfur quarries. It was established that soil cover of post-technogenic areas was represented by special combinations of various types of embriozem soils (initial, organic and accumulative, humus and accumulative, and dernozem). The most widespread embriozem soils are organic and accumulative, which are developing at the organic substances accumulation stage in the surface layer. Embriozem and technozem soils of the Yavoriv quarry belong to the dense type of soil with soil density index of (d1) 0,96–1,57 g/cm3. Solid phase density (d2) is 2.21–2.60 g/cm3, which corresponds to low-humus mineral horizons with bare horizon and its values are close to the natural background of zonal soils of the disturbed landscapes. Based on the hydrogenous index pH (8.0–8.9) emrbiozem soils are alkaline; and technozem soils with pH7.6 are regarded as slightly alkaline.The level of values of indicator of hydrolytic acidity of soils on post-technogenic areas is high (0,185–0,615 mg-CaCO3/100 g), which is 2.6 times higher than in zonal soils. During almost 30 years period, as a result of natural processes humus content in embriozem soils increased up to 0.29–0.61%, in technozem soils – 0.83–1.47%. The content of mobile forms of nitrogen in edaphotopes of the Yavoriv and Podorozhnie sulfur quarries fluctuates from 18.9 to 112.3 mg/kg of soil and from 13.7 to 54.5 mg/kg of soil, respectively. During 2011–2021, the increased content and accumulation of main macroelements in embriozem and technozem soils of the both quarries were recorded.
socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Nguyen Anh , Thang Mai Van , Que Hoang Thi Kim
Published: May 2023

This paper reviews the legal aspect of the formed and changing perceptions of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the socialist-oriented market economy (SME). The authors assess the reflection of that awareness in the 2013 Constitution and the practical implementation of Vietnam’s participation in recent free trade agreements. We find there have been important changes in perceptions related to the SME before the enactment of the 2013 Constitution. However, the reflection of awareness about that policy in the 2013 Constitution is not enough and has caused several challenges to its enforcement, especially regarding the legal system and global economic integration. The authors here also point out conflicts between the policy of building a SME in Vietnam with the requirements of free trade in terms of theory and recent practical agreements, raising questions of whether those conflicts could be acceptable and how to address them.
The Role of Environmental Conditions and Purchasing Power Parity in Determining Quality of Life among Big Asian Cities
Authors: Audi Marc , Ali Amjad
Published: May 2023

This article has examined the role of environmental conditions and purchasing power parity in deciding the quality of life among big Asian cities. The study has constructed an index for quality of life with the help of housing, crime rates, death rate, average life expectancy, environmental degradation, and level of education. Quality of life has been selected as the dependent variable and the level of pollution, availability of health care facilities, local purchasing power, availability of groceries, level of democracy, cost of living, restaurants, level of traffic, and level of rents are selected explanatory variables. For empirical analysis, this study uses data for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. The estimated results show that pollution has a negative and significant impact on the quality of life in the case of Asian cities. Local purchasing power has a positive and significant relationship with the quality of life in the cities of Asia. Groceries and democracy are very important parts of the daily life of human beings but they have insignificant impacts on the quality of life in Asian cities. Restaurants have a positive and significant impact on quality of life. This study finds that level of traffic and the level of rent have a negative and significant impact on the quality of life in the case of Asian cities. The overall results conclude that selected indicators play a significant role in determining the quality of life in Asian cities.