bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China
Authors: Chen X. L. , Zhou Q. , Ran H. , Dong R.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Southwest China is located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and it is a region of high seismic activity. Historically, strong earthquakes that occurred here usually generated lots of landslides and brought destructive damages. This paper introduces several earthquake-triggered landslide events in this region and describes their characteristics. Also, the historical data of earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.0 or greater, having occurred in this region, is collected and the relationship between the affected area of landslides and earthquake magnitude is analysed. Based on the study, it can be concluded that strong earthquakes, steep topography as well as fragile geological environment, are the main reasons responsible for serious landslides in southwest China. At the same time, it is found that the relationship between the area affected by landslides and the earthquake magnitude in this region are consistent with what has been obtained worldwide. Moreover, in this paper, it is seen that the size of the areas affected by landslides change enormously even under the same earthquake magnitude in the study region. While at the same tectonic place or fault belt, areas affected by landslides presented similar outline and size. This means that local geological conditions and historical earthquake background have an important influence on landslides distribution, and they should be considered when assessing earthquake-triggered landslide hazards at Grade 1 according to ISSMGE.
Assimilating GlobColour ocean colour data into a pre-operational physical-biogeochemical model
Authors: Ford D. A. , Edwards K. P. , Lea D. , Barciela R. M. , Martin M. J. , Demaria J.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. As part of the GlobColour project, daily chlorophyll-a observations, derived using remotely sensed ocean colour data from the MERIS, MODIS and SeaWiFS sensors, are produced. The ability of these products to be assimilated into a pre-operational global coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been tested, on both a hindcast and near-real-time basis, and the impact on the system assessed. The assimilation was found to immediately and significantly improve the bias, root mean square error and correlation of modelled surface chlorophyll concentration compared to the GlobColour observations, an improvement which was sustained throughout the year and in every ocean basin. Errors against independent in situ chlorophyll observations were also reduced, both at and beneath the ocean surface. However the model fit to in situ observations was not consistently better than that of climatology, due to errors in the underlying model. The assimilation scheme used is multivariate, updating all biogeochemical model state variables at all depths. Consistent changes were found in the other model variables, with reduced errors against in situ observations of nitrate and pCO2, and evidence of improved representation of zooplankton concentration. Annual mean surface fields of nutrients, alkalinity and carbon variables remained of similar quality compared to climatology. The near-real-time GlobColour products were found to be sufficiently reliable for operational purposes, and of benefit to both operational-style systems and reanalyses.
Predicting Management Development and Learning Behaviour in New Zealand SMEs
Authors: Deakins David , Battisti Martina , Coetzer Alan , Roxas Hernan
Published: February 2012

Despite concern on the part of policy makers to raise managerial capability in SMEs, there is little evidence on the key drivers of owner-manager participation in management development programmes. The authors argue that such participation is poorly understood. The paper develops a predictive model of the drivers of participation in sources of learning by owner-managers. It tests a theoretical model, based on the small firm as a learning organization, which posits that participation is driven by owner-managers' learning orientation and the extent of their belief in self-improvement. The implications of the results are discussed in light of the provision of management development programmes.
Can Business Assistance Systems Perform Their Task?
Authors: Janczak Sergio , Barès Franck , Fayolle Alain
Published: February 2012

This paper summarizes the presentations by invited speakers and discussions at a Professional Development Workshop held at the Academy of Management Conference in Montréal, Canada, on 7 August 2010. Participants exchanged views and experiences concerning the need to develop more theoretical approaches in business assistance systems, and suggested ways to work in that direction.
Germline CDH1 Variants and Lifetime Cancer Risk
Authors: Ryan Carrie E. , Fasaye Grace-Ann , Gallanis Amber F. , Gamble Lauren A. , McClelland Paul H. , Duemler Anna , Samaranayake Sarah G. , Blakely Andrew M. , Drogan Christine M. , Kingham Kerry , Patel Devanshi , Rodgers-Fouche Linda , Siegel Ava , Kupfer Sonia S. , Ford James M. , Chung Daniel C. , Dowty James G. , Sampson Joshua , Davis Jeremy L.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Approximately 1% to 3% of gastric cancers and 5% of lobular breast cancers are hereditary. Loss of function CDH1 gene variants are the most common gene variants associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Previously, the lifetime risk of gastric cancer was estimated to be approximately 25% to 83% and for breast cancer it was estimated to be approximately 39% to 55% in individuals with loss of function CDH1 gene variants.

Objective

To describe gastric and breast cancer risk estimates for individuals with CDH1 variants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Multicenter, retrospective cohort and modeling study of 213 families from North America with a CDH1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant in 1 or more family members conducted between January 2021 and August 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hazard ratios (HRs), defined as risk in variant carriers relative to noncarriers, were estimated for each cancer type and used to calculate cumulative risks and risks per decade of life up to age 80 years.

Results

A total of 7323 individuals from 213 families were studied, including 883 with a CDH1 P/LP variant (median proband age, 53 years [IQR, 42-62]; 4% Asian; 4% Hispanic; 85% non-Hispanic White; 50% female). In individuals with a CDH1 P/LP variant, the prevalence of gastric cancer was 13.9% (123/883) and the prevalence of breast cancer among female carriers was 26.3% (144/547). The estimated HR for advanced gastric cancer was 33.5 (95% CI, 9.8-112) at age 30 years and 3.5 (95% CI, 0.4-30.3) at age 70 years. The lifetime cumulative risk of advanced gastric cancer in male and female carriers was 10.3% (95% CI, 6%-23.6%) and 6.5% (95% CI, 3.8%-15.1%), respectively. Gastric cancer risk estimates based on family history indicated that a carrier with 3 affected first-degree relatives had a penetrance of approximately 38% (95% CI, 25%-64%). The HR for breast cancer among female carriers was 5.7 (95% CI, 2.5-13.2) at age 30 years and 3.9 (95% CI, 1.1-13.7) at age 70 years. The lifetime cumulative risk of breast cancer among female carriers was 36.8% (95% CI, 25.7%-62.9%).

Conclusions and Relevance

Among families from North America with germline CDH1 P/LP variants, the cumulative risk of gastric cancer was 7% to 10%, which was lower than previously described, and the cumulative risk of breast cancer among female carriers was 37%, which was similar to prior estimates. These findings inform current management of individuals with germline CDH1 variants.
Electrochemical Processing, Introduction
Authors: Vidakovic‐Koch Tanja , Sorrentino Antonio
Published: June 2024

This article introduces the fundamental concepts of Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE). It begins with an overview of various electrochemical processes, followed by a brief discussion on the components of electrochemical reactors, with a focus on different electrode designs. Subsequently, it delves into the basic laws and performance metrics of EPE, such as current efficiency, conversion, yield, selectivity, specific energy consumption, space‐time yield, and the efficiency of various processes, including fuel cells and electrolysis. The discussion highlights how efficiency and specific energy consumption are primarily influenced by the operating cell potential, and examines the impact of thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transport losses on this potential. The analysis of mass transport is extended to both single‐ and multiphase scenarios. Furthermore, the article introduces momentum and charge balance equations. In the concluding section, it briefly explores the application of macroscale modeling approaches, specifically porous and agglomerate models, in simulating processes within porous electrodes.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Authors: Marsh David
Published: June 2024

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an example of educational convergence that focuses on the simultaneous learning of subject content and language, alongside the development of competences. CLIL has become a global signature pedagogy that disrupts traditional language teaching approaches. CLIL describes the pedagogical practices and learning environments that need to be activated if bilingual education is to be successful. The future of CLIL is likely to strengthen as new media and artificial intelligence (AI) are incorporated into teaching and learning environments.
Discriminant Function Analysis
Authors: Da Silva Ramos Sara , Rickard Liow Susan J.
Published: June 2024

Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is a data‐reduction technique used to make decisions about group membership, typically in naturally occurring groups. It can answer theoretical questions but has proved especially useful in applied research. In this chapter we provide an overview of DFA, describe two types of DFA investigation, its three main procedures, and discuss DFA's potential and its limitations. We then explain the steps needed for interpreting DFA results, before concluding with two recent examples of the use of DFA as a statistical tool in psycholinguistic research.
Linguistic Imperialism
Authors: Phillipson Robert
Published: June 2024

The entry presents the key constituents of linguistic imperialism. Principles for English learning that are central to the promotion of English worldwide by the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States are questioned. Monolingualism was imposed in the UK historically and in settler colonies in the Americas and Australasia. This occurred in Roman times and in the racist empires of other European countries. The myth of
terra nullius
, the false marketing of dominant languages, and imperialist language policies served to achieve the dispossession of others' territories, cultures, and languages. Comparable linguicist policies are in force in Turkey and China. Policies of linguistic imperialism in North America can be considered as constituting cultural and linguistic genocide. The World Bank has imposed language policies that strengthen English and marginalize local languages. A study of the increased use of English in higher education shows the importance of assessing whether linguistic imperialism impacts other languages negatively. A study of linguistic imperialism in World Englishes documentation shows that there is a tendency to fail to address linguistic inequalities. Inequalities are intensified by the spread of “international” schools and of English‐medium universities. In Scandinavia and Finland, language policies ensure that an increased use of English in no way reduces the importance of national languages. Bilingual policies in higher education can counteract linguistic imperialism. In the European Union system and in member states, the use of English is increasing, but the vitality of national languages is generally ensured.
Pragmatic Socialization
Authors: Burdelski Matthew
Published: June 2024

Pragmatic socialization is concerned with the process in which children and adult learners come to recognize and use language in interactionally relevant and socioculturally organized ways. This entry introduces pragmatic socialization as a domain of inquiry that encompasses and overlaps with various theoretical orientations and discursive approaches. It then relates ways in which researchers examine pragmatic socialization, which provides an empirical basis for making claims of socialization into broader issues of identity, ideology, morality, and other meaningful realities. It frames the discussion in relation to the categories of “speaker” and “hearer,” by illustrating excerpts from child and adult learners within various populations. It points out further areas of research in pragmatic socialization.
Metapragmatic Awareness
Authors: Overstreet Maryann
Published: June 2024

Metapragmatic awareness is concerned with the human ability to reflect on pragmatic aspects of language use and, on a practical level, with the study of features of language that seem to be indicative of that reflexivity.
Unveiling Enhanced Properties via Microstructural Evolution in Stir‐Cast Al6061 Composite Reinforced with AlCrFeNiTi High‐Entropy Alloy Particles
Authors: Sekhar R Anand , Pillai R Rakesh , N Firoz , B.S Arun , N.S Faizal
Published: June 2024

The viability of reinforcing the Al 6061 matrix using AlCrFeNi and AlCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy (HEA) particles is investigated. Body‐centered cubic, A2, and TiC phases are observed in both alloys after 12 h of milling. In situ TiC formation happens during mechanical alloying in AlCrFeNiTi HEA powders. Selected area diffraction patterns are employed in transmission electron investigations to authenticate the presence of distinct phases, affirming their existence within the studied material. Fabricated composites exhibit evenly spaced grains with homogeneous particle dispersion. In comparison to its equivalent, a composite reinforced with AlCrFeNiTi‐C particles exhibits greater grain refinement. Benefiting from dispersion strengthening and grain refinement, both metal matrix composites (MMCs) showcase enhanced attributes. In the case of Al6061/AlCrFeNiTi‐C MMC, a remarkable 25% boost in ultimate tensile strength is achieved, accompanied by a substantial 141.6% improvement in hardness. The findings demonstrate the contribution of HEA particles in improving the characteristics of Al alloys.
ROS‐Responsive Core‐Shell Microneedles Based on Simultaneous Efficient Type I/II Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Against Bacterial Biofilm Infections
Authors: Li Hongxue , Zheng Xiuli , Gao Zekun , Mu Tong , Liu Mengdi , Li Jihao , Wu Jiasheng , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun‐Sing , Liu Weimin , Wang Pengfei
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as an appealing therapeutic option against biofilm infections. However, effectively penetrating the dense barrier of biofilm and anchoring bacteria to achieve biofilm elimination and wound healing under hypoxic environments remains a challenge for aPDT. Herein, three type I/II Hypocrellin B (HB)‐cationic photosensitizers (HB‐P, HB‐TP, and HB‐TTP) are designed based on a multi‐cationic long chains molecular engineering strategy. With an increasing number of introduced cations, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bacterial‐anchoring abilities of HB‐cationic photosensitizers are greatly enhanced. Notably, HB‐TTP demonstrates higher type I/II aPDT activity and broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties. Furthermore, to effectively address the conundrum of healing biofilm‐infected wounds, a ROS‐responsive core‐shell microneedle (HB‐TTP&EGF@MN) is designed by biphasically integrating HB‐TTP and growth factor. When the microneedle penetrates biofilm, the shell quickly dissolves and releases HB‐TTP to achieve biofilm removal under laser irradiation. The core is subsequently degraded slowly in the presence of endogenous ROS within the wound, facilitating a sustained release of growth factor to promote wound tissue regeneration. This work not only provides an effective strategy for the rational design of efficient antimicrobial agents but also proposes innovative ideas for the development of controlled‐release pharmaceutical materials to synergize against biofilm infections.
Amorphous to Crystalline Phase Transformation Enables Tunable Persistent Luminescence for Multi‐Mode Optical Information Storage
Authors: Sun Yongsheng , Zhou Xinquan , Lun Zhenjie , Han Kai , Xiong Puxian , Xia Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

Multi‐mode luminescence tuning through in situ crystallization of topological glass holds significance for photonics applications. Here, NaAlSiO4:Eu2+‐based glass ceramics are presented as stable persistent luminescence (PersL) materials by controlling the phase transformation in Eu2+ doped Na2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 from amorphous glass to crystalline nepheline phase. X‐ray and UV excited PersL colors from blue to yellow are realized by adjusting the crystallization duration time, and trap statuses reveal the dynamic PersL process with a trap redeployment from 0.83 to 1.09 eV during the transformation. Optical information storage model is constructed with a structure of stacked emitting layers to enhance storage capacity. X‐ray excited luminescence time‐lapse imaging is further demonstrated with optical memory longer than 5 days. These findings advance the development of superior stable PersL glass ceramics and offer optical manipulation tactics for multi‐mode optical information storage applications.
On the Electrochemical Activation of Nanoporous Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes Studied by In Situ/Operando Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Bernicola María del Pilar , Lounasvuori Mailis , Padilla‐Pantoja Jessica , Santiso Jose , Debiemme‐Chouvy Catherine , Perrot Hubert , Petit Tristan , Garrido Jose A. , del Corro Elena
Published: June 2024

Due to the difficult access of the electrolyte into the nanoconfined space of nanoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes, achieving the optimal electrochemical performance of these devices becomes a challenge. In this work, the dynamics of interfacial‐governed phenomena are investigated during a voltage‐controlled electrochemical activation of nanoporous rGO electrodes that leads to an enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of areal capacitance and electrochemical impedance. In situ/operando characterization techniques are used to reveal the dynamics of the irreversible material changes introduced during the activation process, including ionic diffusion and water confinement within the nanopores, along with the reduction of oxygenated groups and the decrease of the rGO interlayer distance. Furthermore, operando techniques are used to uncover the origin of the complex polarization‐dependent dynamic response of rGO electrodes. The study reveals that the reversible protonation/deprotonation of remaining functional groups and the cation electro‐adsorption/desorption process in the graphene basal plane govern the pseudocapacitive performance of nanoporous rGO electrodes. This work brings new understanding of the complex interplay between surface chemistry, ion confinement, and desolvation processes occurring during electrochemical cycling in nanoporous rGO electrodes, offering new insights for designing high‐performing electrodes based on nanoporous rGO.
Volumetric 3D Printing of Endoskeletal Soft Robots
Authors: Darkes‐Burkey Cameron , Shepherd Robert F.
Published: June 2024

Computed Axial Lithography (CAL) is an emerging technology for manufacturing complex parts, all at once, by circumventing the traditional layered approach using tomography. Overprinting, a unique additive manufacturing capability of CAL, allows for a 3D geometry to be formed around a prepositioned insert where the occlusion of light is compensated for by the other angular projections. This method opens the door for novel applications within additive manufacturing for multi‐material systems such as endoskeletal robots. Herein, this work presents one such application with a simple Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA)hydrogel osmotic actuator with an embedded endoskeletal system. GelMA is an ideal material for this application as it is swellable and has reversible thermal gelation, enabling suspension of the endoskeleton during printing. By tuning the material formulation, the actuator design, and post‐processing, swelling‐induced bending actuation of 60 degrees is achieved. To aid in the printing process, a simple computational method for determining the absolute dose absorbed by the resin allowing for print time prediction is also proposed.
Ultrahigh Electrobending Deformation in Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics via Defect Concentration Gradient Design
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Binquan , Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Shujun , Guo Yiping
Published: June 2024

Recent breakthroughs in defect‐engineered lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics have reported remarkable electrostrain values, surpassing the limit of lattice distortion. This has aroused wide concern on bending deformation and the associated underlying mechanism. Herein, via designing lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with varying volatilization characteristics, it is uncovered that the ultrahigh electrobending deformation is primarily attributed to a large strain gradient induced by unevenly distributed defect dipoles. In 0.5 mm thick Sr/Sn co‐doped potassium sodium niobate ceramics featuring volatile K/Na elements, the inherent bipolar electrostrain value can reach 0.3% at 20 kV cm−1 due to the existence of defect dipoles, while the gradient distribution of defect dipole generates significant bending displacement, amplifying apparent electrostrain value to 1.1%. Notably, nonvolatile Ba0.99TiO2.99 ceramic with homogeneous defect dipole distribution does not present electrobending. Of particular interest is that the electrobending phenomenon can be observed through introducing a defect dipole gradient into barium titanate ceramic. A monolayer ceramic with defect dipole gradient can generate large tip displacement (±1.5 mm) in cantilever structure, demonstrating its promising potential in precise positioning. This study delves into the underlying mechanism driving electrobending deformation and its impact on the apparent electrostrain measurement in defect‐engineered piezoelectric ceramics, providing fresh perspectives for the development of piezoelectric bending actuators.
An Injectable Hydrogel with Ultrahigh Burst Pressure and Innate Antibacterial Activity for Emergency Hemostasis and Wound Repair
Authors: Yang Yu , He Gang , Pan Zheng , Zhang Kaiwen , Xian Yiwen , Zhu Ziran , Hong Yonglong , Zhang Chong , Wu Decheng
Published: June 2024

Uncontrolled bleeding and wound infections following severe trauma pose significant challenges for existing tissue adhesives, primarily due to their weak wet adhesion, slow adhesion formation, cytotoxicity concerns, and lack of antibacterial properties. Herein, an injectable hydrogel (denoted as ES gel) with rapid, robust adhesive sealing and inherent antibacterial activity based on ε‐polylysine and a poly(ethylene glycol) derivative is developed. The engineered hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior, high mechanical strength, strong adhesion to various tissues, and can sustain an ultrahigh burst pressure of 450 mmHg. It also presents excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial properties, and on‐demand removability. Significantly improved hemostatic efficacy of ES gel compared to fibrin glue is demonstrated using various injury models in rats and rabbits. Remarkably, the adhesive hydrogel can effectively halt lethal non‐compressible hemorrhages in visceral organs (liver, spleen, and heart) and femoral artery injury models in fully anticoagulated pigs. Furthermore, the hydrogel outperforms commercial products in sutureless wound closure and repair in the rat liver defect, skin incision, and infected full‐thickness skin wound models. Overall, this study highlights the promising clinical applications of ES gel for managing uncontrolled hemorrhage, sutureless wound closure, and infected wound repair.
Bioinspired AIE Nanomedicine: A Burgeoning Technology for Fluorescence Bioimaging and Phototheranostics
Authors: Li Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Dong
Published: June 2024

Nanomedicine on the basis of aggregated‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens with exceptional potency is growing into a sparkling frontier in fluorescence imaging and phototheranostics. Of particular interest is biomimetic AIE nanomedicine comprised by AIE luminogens and biocarrier, which represents a win–win integration and are recently developed at a tremendous pace, mainly benefiting from the intrinsic advantages including enhanced biocompatibility, prolonged circulation time, specific targeting ability, immune activation, and supremely extraordinary phototheranostic outputs. In view of the inexhaustible and vigorous vitality in the field, this review provides an integrated picture on biomimetic AIE nanomedicine involving the basic concepts, significant breakthroughs, and recent trends. In addition, based on the current achievements, some critical challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
Solid‐Solution Limits and Thorough Characterization of Bulk β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O Single Crystals Grown by the Czochralski Method
Authors: Galazka Zbigniew , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas , Seyidov Palvan , Anooz Saud Bin , Blukis Roberts , Rehm Jana , Tetzner Kornelius , Pietsch Mike , Dittmar Andrea , Ganschow Steffen , Akhtar Arub , Remmele Thilo , Albrecht Martin , Schulz Tobias , Chou Ta‐Shun , Kwasniewski Albert , Suendermann Manuela , Schroeder Thomas , Bickermann Matthias
Published: June 2024

With comprehensive crystal growth experiments of β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 by the Czochralski method this work concludes a maximum [Al] = 40 mol% (35 mol% in the melt) that can be incorporated into β‐Ga2O3 crystal lattice while keeping single crystalline and monoclinic phase, resulting in the formula of β‐(Al0.4Ga0.6)2O3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals random distribution of Al across both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. This work has shown, that incorporation of only [Ga] ≥ 5 mol% into α‐Al2O3 crystals leads to a phase separation of (α + θ)‐Al2O3. With electrical measurements this work proves an increase of the electrical resistivity of β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3:Mg as compared to β‐Ga2O3:Mg. The static dielectric constant and refractive index both decrease with [Al]. Raman spectra shows a continuous shift and broadening of the peaks, with the low energy optical phonons Ag(3) having a large contribution to a decrease in the electron mobility. Further, Ir incorporation into the crystals decreases with [Al], wherein Ir4+ Raman peak disappears already at [Al] ≥ 15 mol%. Finally, thermal conductivity measurements on β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 crystals show a drastic decrease of its values with [Al], to about 1/3 of the β‐Ga2O3 value at [Al] = 30 mol%.
Targeting Adenosine A2b Receptor Promotes Penile Rehabilitation of Refractory Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Xiong Yang , Qin Feng , Wei Shanzun , Yang Xingliang , Li Jun , Wu Changjing , Zhang Fuxun , Yuan Jiuhong
Published: June 2024

The mechanisms of adenosine and specific adenosine receptor subtypes in promoting penile rehabilitation remain unclear. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of human corpus cavernosum,  adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenosine receptors knock‐out mice (ADA−/−, A1−/−, A2a−/−, A2b−/−, and A3−/−), and primary corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells are used to determine receptor subtypes responsible for adenosine‐induced erection. Three rat models are established to characterize refractory erectile dysfunction (ED): age‐related ED, bilateral cavernous nerve crush related ED (BCNC), and diabetes mellitus‐induced ED. In single‐cell RNA sequencing data, the corpus cavernosum of ED patients show a decrease in adenosine A1, A2a and A2b receptors. In vivo, A2b receptor knock‐out abolishes adenosine‐induced erection but not that of A1, A2a, or A3 receptor. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, activating the A2b receptor increases HIF‐1α and decreases PDE5 expression. In refractory ED models, activating the A2b receptor with Bay 60–6583 improves erectile function and down‐regulates HIF‐1α and TGF‐β. Administering Dipyridamole (40 mg Kg−1) to BCNC rats improve penile adenosine levels and erectile function. Our study reveals that the A2b receptor mediates adenosine‐induced penile erection. Activating the A2b receptor promotes penile rehabilitation of refractory ED by alleviating hypoxia and fibrosis.
Classification and Evaluation of Octopus‐Inspired Suction Cups for Soft Continuum Robots
Authors: van Veggel Stein , Wiertlewski Michaël , Doubrovski Eugeni L. , Kooijman Adrie , Shahabi Ebrahim , Mazzolai Barbara , Scharff Rob B. N.
Published: June 2024

The emergence of the field of soft robotics has led to an interest in suction cups as auxiliary structures on soft continuum arms to support the execution of manipulation tasks. This application poses demanding requirements on suction cups with respect to sensorization, adhesion under non‐ideal contact conditions, and integration into fully soft systems. The octopus can serve as an important source of inspiration for addressing these challenges. This review aims to accelerate research in octopus‐inspired suction cups by providing a detailed analysis of the octopus sucker, determining meaningful performance metrics for suction cups on the basis of this analysis, and evaluating the state‐of‐the‐art in suction cups according to these performance metrics. In total, 47 records describing suction cups are found, classified according to the deployed actuation method, and evaluated on performance metrics reflecting the level of sensorization, adhesion, and integration. Despite significant advances in recent years, the octopus sucker outperforms all suction cups on all performance metrics. The realization of high resolution tactile sensing in suction cups and the integration of such sensorized suction cups in soft continuum structures are identified as two major hurdles toward the realization of octopus‐inspired manipulation strategies in soft continuum robot arms.
Dual‐Mechanism Peptide SR25 has Broad Antimicrobial Activity and Potential Application for Healing Bacteria‐infected Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Luo Xue‐Yue , Hu Chun‐Mei , Yin Qi , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Liu Zhen‐Zhen , Zhou Cheng‐Kai , Zhang Jian‐Gang , Chen Wei , Yang Yong‐Jun
Published: June 2024

The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant public health crisis, particularly due to limited antimicrobial options for the treatment of infections with Gram‐negative pathogens. Here, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) SR25 is characterized, which effectively kills both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria through a unique dual‐targeting mechanism without detectable resistance. Meanwhile, an SR25‐functionalized hydrogel is developed for the efficient treatment of infected diabetic wounds. SR25 is obtained through genome mining from an uncultured bovine enteric actinomycete named Nonomuraea Jilinensis sp. nov. Investigations reveal that SR25 has two independent cellular targets, disrupting bacterial membrane integrity and restraining the activity of succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR). In a diabetic mice wound infection model, the SR25‐incorporated hydrogel exhibits high efficacy against mixed infections of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), accelerating wound healing. Overall, these findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SR25 and highlight the value of mining drugs with multiple mechanisms from uncultured animal commensals for combating challenging bacterial pathogens.
High Stability and Corrosion‐Resistant Gas of Recyclable and Versatile Manganese‐Doped Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Crystals toward Novel Functional Fabric and Photoelectric Device
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Wang Xuyi , Nie Kun , Duan Xiuqiang , Hu Ziyao , Zhang Xiaodong , Mei Lefu , Wang Luoxin , Wang Hua , Ma Xiaoxue
Published: June 2024

Lead‐free halide perovskites possess excellent photoelectric properties, making them widely used in the photoelectric fields. Herein, lead‐free double perovskite crystals (PCs) doped with manganese (Cs2NaInCl6:Mn2+) are successfully prepared by the more energy‐efficient crystallization method. The crystals emit bright orange‐red light under the ultraviolet (UV) lamp, showing unique optical properties. They have the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 42.91%. The white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated using these perovskite crystals, which show a color rendering index of 92 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 16.3%. Furtherly, perovskite‐modified fiber paper made of aramid chopped fibers (ACFs) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) exhibited fluorescent properties under different conditions. This paper combines fiber composite technology with PPS fiber filter bags, which are widely used in environmental protection, for the first time and demonstrates functional fiber filter bags with fluorescent characteristics. This filter bag provides an idea for the automatic detection of industrial filtration. Meanwhile, after being exposed to industrial waste gas for 60 h, the filter bag can maintain superior fluorescence performance. In this study, lead‐free double perovskites are synthesized using an efficient method for preparing high‐performance LEDs and high‐stability fluorescent fibers. Concurrently, the application of perovskites in environmental protection is expanded.
Colorless Near‐Infrared Absorbing Dyes Based on B‐N Fused Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor π‐Conjugated Molecules for Organic Phototransistors
Authors: Yokoyama Soichi , Utsunomiya Sakura , Seo Takuji , Saeki Akinori , Ie Yutaka
Published: June 2024

The introduction of a colorless function to organic electronic devices allows responses to light in the near‐infrared (NIR) region and is expected to broaden the applications of these devices. However, the development of a colorless NIR dye remains a challenge due to the lack of a rational molecular design for controlling electronic transitions. In this study, to suppress the π‐π* transitions in the visible region, polycyclic donor‐acceptor‐donor π‐conjugated molecules with boron bridges (Py‐FNTz‐B and IP‐FNTz‐B) are designed and synthesized, which contain pyrrole or indenopyrrole as donor units with fluorinated naphthobisthiadiazole (FNTz) as an acceptor unit. The pyrrole end‐capped Py‐FNTz‐B shows an absorption band in the NIR region without distinct visible‐light absorption, which has led to the establishment of colorless characteristics. The indenopyrrole end‐capped IP‐FNTz‐B shows a narrow optical energy gap of 0.87 eV in films. Time‐resolved microwave conductance and field‐effect transistors demonstrate the semiconducting characteristics of these molecules, and Py‐FNTz‐B‐based devices function as NIR phototransistors. Theoretical analyses indicate that the combination of a polyene‐like electronic structure with orbital symmetry is important to obtain NIR wavelength‐selective absorption. This study suggests that a molecular design based on electronic structures can be effective in the development of colorless NIR‐absorbing dyes for organic electronics.
Body composition characteristics and influencing factors of different parts of sarcopenia in elderly people: A community‐based cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Dong Xinying , Bi Bingqing , Hu Yifei , Wang Li , Liu Xinying , Li Wentao , Li Mingyue , Xiang Tong , Li Shugang , Wu Hao
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aims to describe the differences in body composition among different body parts of the elderly in the community and its relationship with sarcopenia.

Methods

Elderly people aged ≥65 underwent bioelectric impedance analysis testing and were categorized into a sarcopenia group, possible sarcopenia group, and control group. The characteristics of body composition indicators in different parts and their relationship with different stages of sarcopenia were analyzed.

Results

The sarcopenia group illustrated the lowest values of FFM, FFM%, BFM, BFM%, ICW, and limb PhA, along with higher ECW/TBW in the trunk and left leg compared to the control group. The possible sarcopenia group showed lower FFM% in limbs and trunk, and higher BFM% compared to the control group. Gender differences in elderly body composition were observed, with an increase in BFM% in various body parts posing a risk factor for possible sarcopenia in elderly males, whereas an increase in BFM% except in the left arm was a protective factor for sarcopenia in elderly females.

Conclusion

The body composition of the elderly in the community varied significantly in different stages of sarcopenia and genders, which correlated with sarcopenia.
Clinical biomarker‐based biological aging and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Qiao , Li Bing‐Hui , Wang Yong‐Bo , Zi Hao , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Li Fei , Fang Cheng , Tang Shi‐Di , Jin Ying‐Hui , Huang Jiao , Zeng Xian‐Tao
Published: June 2024

Objective

Chronological age (CAge), biological age (BAge), and accelerated age (AAge) are all important for aging‐related diseases. CAge is a known risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); However, the evidence of association of BAge and AAge with BPH is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CAge, Bage, and AAge with BPH in a large prospective cohort.

Method

A total of 135,933 males without BPH at enrolment were extracted from the UK biobank. We calculated three BAge measures (Klemera–Doubal method, KDM; PhenoAge; homeostatic dysregulation, HD) based on 16 biomarkers. Additionally, we calculated KDM‐BAge and PhenoAge‐BAge measures based on the Levine method. The KDM‐AAge and PhenoAge‐AAge were assessed by the difference between CAge and BAge and were standardized (mean = 0 and standard deviation [SD] = 1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the associations of CAge, Bage, and AAge with incident BPH risk.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 13.150 years, 11,811 (8.690%) incident BPH were identified. Advanced CAge and BAge measures were associated with an increased risk of BPH, showing threshold effects at a later age (all P for nonlinearity <0.001). Nonlinear relationships between AAge measures and risk of BPH were also found for KDM‐AAge (P = 0.041) and PhenoAge‐AAge (P = 0.020). Compared to the balance comparison group (−1 SD < AAge < 1 SD), the accelerated aging group (AAge > 2 SD) had a significantly elevated BPH risk with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.115 (95% CI, 1.000–1.223) for KDM‐AAge and 1.180 (95% CI, 1.068–1.303) for PhenoAge‐AAge, respectively. For PhenoAge‐AAge, subgroup analysis of the accelerated aging group showed an increased HR of 1.904 (95% CI, 1.374–2.639) in males with CAge <50 years and 1.233 (95% CI, 1.088–1.397) in those having testosterone levels <12 nmol/L. Moreover, AAge‐associated risk of BPH was independent of and additive to genetic risk.

Conclusions

Biological aging is an independent and modifiable risk factor for BPH. We suggest performing active health interventions to slow biological aging, which will help mitigate the progression of prostate aging and further reduce the burden of BPH.
Effect of L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam on memory and cognitive impairment in mild‐to‐moderate traumatic brain injury patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Tao , Liu Mingqi , Nie Meng , Zhao Zhihao , Liu Xuanhui , Qian Yu , Yu Yunhu , Sha Zhuang , Wu Chenrui , Yuan Jiangyuan , Jiang Weiwei , Lv Chuanxiang , Mi Liang , Tian Yu , Zhang Jianning , Jiang Rongcai
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer memory and cognitive impairments, and oxiracetam‐like drugs are considered to have a positive impact on these symptoms potentially. However, the efficacy and safety of L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam in TBI patients have not been sufficiently investigated.

Methods

The study adopts a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, phase 3 clinical trial design in 74 centers across 51 hospitals in China. A total of 590 TBI patients meeting criteria will be randomly allocated into three groups in a 2:2:1 ratio: L‐oxiracetam group, oxiracetam group, and placebo group. The treatment period is 14 days, with a follow‐up period of 90 days. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment score at 90 days after treatment. Secondary outcomes include changes in other cognitive assessments, neurological function, activities of daily living, and safety assessments.

Discussion

There is no robust evidence to suggest that L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam can enhance memory and cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate TBI. This study has the potential to answer this crucial clinical question.

Trial registration

chinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier CTR20192539; ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04205565.
Dynamic interdependence between ethanol and biofuel‐related agricultural commodities—cDCC‐FIAPARCH approach
Authors: Živkov Dejan , Kuzman Boris , Nataša Papić‐Blagojević
Published: June 2024

Biofuel production is one of the key topics in today's world, which inevitably raises the question of the relationship between ethanol and agricultural commodities. The nexus between corn and ethanol is well known in the literature, but the link involving other biofuel feedstocks is relatively poorly explored. Therefore, this paper research the dynamic nexus between ethanol and five agricultural commodities using the cDCC‐FIAPARCH model, while two additional analyses complement the main results. Dynamic conditional correlation between ethanol and corn is the highest and reaches an average of 50%, while wheat and soybean follow with 31%. A rolling regression analysis reveals the relationship between conditional volatilities and conditional correlations, where the assets with lower conditional volatility have a more significant impact on conditional correlation. The findings may have several practical implications for agents working with ethanol and agricultural commodities, such as food security assessment, efficiency of supply chains and portfolio construction. [EconLit Citations: C61, O13, Q16].
Droplet 3D cryobioprinting for fabrication of free‐standing and volumetric structures
Authors: Weygant Joshua , Entezari Ali , Koch Fritz , Galaviz Ricardo André , Garciamendez Carlos Ezio , Hernández Pável , Ortiz Vanessa , Ruiz David Sebastián Rendon , Aguilar Francisco , Andolfi Andrea , Cai Ling , Maharjan Sushila , Osorio Anayancy , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: June 2024

Droplet‐based bioprinting has shown remarkable potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, it requires bioinks with low viscosities, which makes it challenging to create complex 3D structures and spatially pattern them with different materials. This study introduces a novel approach to bioprinting sophisticated volumetric objects by merging droplet‐based bioprinting and cryobioprinting techniques. By leveraging the benefits of cryopreservation, we fabricated, for the first time, intricate, self‐supporting cell‐free or cell‐laden structures with single or multiple materials in a simple droplet‐based bioprinting process that is facilitated by depositing the droplets onto a cryoplate followed by crosslinking during revival. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by bioprinting several cell types, with cell viability increasing to 80%–90% after up to 2 or 3 weeks of culture. Furthermore, the applicational capabilities of this approach are showcased by bioprinting an endothelialized breast cancer model. The results indicate that merging droplet and cryogenic bioprinting complements current droplet‐based bioprinting techniques and opens new avenues for the fabrication of volumetric objects with enhanced complexity and functionality, presenting exciting potential for biomedical applications.
Einblicke in die Mechanochemische Glasbildung von Zeolithischen Imidazolat‐Gerüstverbindungen
Authors: Xue Wen‐Long , Das Chinmoy , Weiß Jan‐Benedikt , Henke Sebastian
Published: June 2024

Gläser von metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (MOF‐Gläser), die für ihr Potenzial bei der Gastrennung, in der Optik und als Festkörperelektrolyte bekannt sind, profitieren von der Verarbeitbarkeit ihres (unterkühlten) flüssigen Zustands. Traditionell werden MOF‐Gläser durch Erhitzen von MOF‐Kristallen über ihren Schmelzpunkt und anschließendes Abkühlen des flüssigen MOF auf Raumtemperatur unter einer inerten Atmosphäre hergestellt. Diese Technik des Schmelzquenchens ist zwar effektiv, erfordert aber aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen einen hohen Energieaufwand. Außerdem schränkt es den Spielraum für die Entwicklung neuer Materialien ein, da nur die thermisch hochstabilen Kombinationen von Metallionen und Linkern in Frage kommen. Eine Alternative, das mechanische Mahlen bei Raumtemperatur, hat sich als geeignet erwiesen, MOF‐Kristalle in amorphe Phasen umzuwandeln. Die spezifischen Bedingungen, unter denen diese amorphen Phasen ein glasähnliches Verhalten zeigen, sind jedoch noch nicht bekannt. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die mechanochemische Amorphisierung und Verglasung einer Vielzahl von zeolithischen Imidazolat‐Gerüstverbindungen (ZIFs) mit verschiedenen Linkern und unterschiedlichen Metallionen (Zn2+, Co2+ und Cu2+) bei Raumtemperatur. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ZIFs, die schmelzbar sind, durch Kugelmahlen erfolgreich in Gläser umgewandelt werden können. Bemerkenswerterweise können auch einige nicht schmelzbare ZIFs mit Hilfe der Kugelmahltechnik verglast werden, wie die Herstellung des ersten ZIF‐Glases mit Cu2+‐Ionen zeigt.
A Redox‐Active Phenothiazine‐based Pd2L4‐Type Coordination Cage and Its Isolable Crystalline Polyradical Cations
Authors: Huang Bin , Zhou Manfei , Hong Qiong‐Yan , Wu Meng‐Xiang , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Xu Lin , Gao En‐Qing , Yang Hai‐Bo , Shi Xueliang
Published: June 2024

Polyradical cages are of great interest because they show very fascinating physical and chemical properties, but many challenges remain, especially for their synthesis and characterization. Herein, we present the synthesis of a polyradical cation cage 14.+ through post‐synthetic oxidation of a redox‐active phenothiazine‐based Pd2L4‐type coordination cage 1. It′s worth noting that 1 exhibits excellent reversible electrochemical and chemical redox activity due to the introduction of a bulky 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methoxyphenyl substituent. The generation of 14.+ through reversible electrochemical oxidation is investigated by in situ UV/Vis‐NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry. Meanwhile, chemical oxidation of 1 can also produce 14.+ which can be reversibly reduced back to the original cage 1, and the process is monitored by EPR and NMR spectroscopies. Eventually, we succeed in the isolation and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of 14.+, whose electronic structure and conformation are distinct to original 1. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the predominantly antiferromagnetic interactions between the four phenothiazine radical cations in 14.+. We believe that our study including the facile synthesis methodology and in situ spectroelectrochemistry will shed some light on the synthesis and characterization of novel polyradical systems, opening more perspectives for developing functional supramolecular cages.