bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational therapy practice with burn injuries: A Rapid Review
Authors: Van Biljon Hester M , Engelbrecht Madri , Van der Walt Janke , Soeker Shaheed
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The Occupational Therapy Association of South African commissioned a task team to gather evidence that would inform upcoming National Health policies on the role and practice of occupational therapists. This rapid review aimed to identify level 1 and 2 peer reviewed published evidence that describes occupational therapists’ practice and intervention in all types of burn injuries, at all levels of care, and for all age groups.

Method: Using the South African Department of Health template and the Cochran Rapid Reviews method guide, a search for level 1 and 2 evidence sourced articles from CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (EBSCO), the Cochrane Library (Wiley) and OTSeeker data bases through the Stellenbosch University library with hand searching of references in the selected articles. Rayyan was used for the screening and selection of articles. The CASP appraisal tool was used for risk bias and quality assessment of the selected articles. Data was captured in Excel and Word, and analysed and synthesised in Microsoft Excel and Taguette. Results were presented in the form of an online workshop to stakeholders and discussions and questions incorporated into the discussion and conclusion of this review.

Results: Eleven articles were selected and their quality assessed. Seven categories of evidence of occupational therapy interventions were extracted from selected articles: pain, oedema, scaring and abnormal skin sensations, joints and range of motion, psycho-social and functional impact of burn injuries, the education of burn injury victims and their families, and vocational rehabilitation. All interventions took place in healthcare facilities. Nine articles referred to occupational therapists working in multi-disciplinary teams. Occupational therapist worked with children and adult burn injury victims and with a variety of type of burn injury from acute to post discharge phases.

Conclusion: There is level 1 and 2 evidence conderming occupational therapy intervention with burn injury victims with all ages and at all stages of injury within healthcare facilities. None of the evidence found is from the South African context. Such levels of evidence are needed to promote occupational  therapy  intervention  in  primary,  preventative  and community contexts.

Implications for practice:

Internationally there is level 1 and 2 evidence that conderms occupational therapists are members of multi-disciplinary teams addressing the functional ability and participation in activities of burn injury victims. None of this evidence is from South Africa. As a matter of priority, South African clinical occupational therapy practice and intervention within the deeld of burn injury, need to be researched and disseminated as level 1 and 2 evidence
Occupational therapy interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders - a Rapid Review
Authors: Van der Walt Janke , Engelbrecht Madri , Van Biljon Hester M , Soeker Shaheed
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This rapid review aimed to synthesise evidence for occupational therapy intervention in the management of autism spectrum disorders. The review forms part of a series of rapid reviews commissioned by the Occupational Therapy Association of South Africa to help inform decision making as South Africa prepares for a new health system.

Method: Level I and II research studies published from 2017 - 2022 were considered for inclusion. Electronic database searches were conducted on the Cochrane database. The identified records were screened in Rayyan according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the selected articles was done with the CASP appraisal tool. Data were extracted to a custom Microsoft Excel® worksheet and analysed quantitatively by percentage/frequency and qualitatively by thematic analysis of statements.

Results:  Thirty-eight records were selected. These included 30 systematic reviews and eight randomised controlled trials. Twelve intervention domains across four age groups were identified with sensory integration and social skills interventions most frequently examined. Interventions were delivered across various venues, including mediation and technology (e.g., telehealth interventions). A number of diﬀerent outcome measures were used.

Conclusion: There is evidence to support the eﬀectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan for twelve diﬀerent domains.

Implications for practice

Occupational Therapists are involved in the provision of therapy intervention across all age groups for people with ASD.

Intervention can successfully take place in a clinic setting, but also at home or through means of technology.

There is growing evidence for sensory integration therapy or techniques when considering functional outcomes when treating people with ASD.

There is a lack of Level I and II research in the form of randomised control trials and systematic reviews regarding ASD intervention in sub-Saharan Africa.
The role of occupational therapy serving LGBTQIA+ people: Retrospective perceptions of an occupational therapist
Authors: Ncwane Thabani , Tintinger Sanet , Ebrahim Nasneen
Published: April 2024

Introduction and aim:  LGBTQIA+ people constitute a minority group that navigate their occupational engagement within a historically entrenched system of oppression. This opinion piece addresses a subject matter that is increasingly garnering attention from the international health science community, yet it remains insuﬃciently explored in South African occupational therapy dialogues. The aim of this paper is to stimulate critical reflection among occupational therapists on the discourses that underpin our daily practice. By utilising the person- environment-occupation model, we seek to demonstrate the unique and essential role of occupational therapy in serving LGBTQIA+ people within the South African context.

Conclusion: Although occupational therapists are trained to consider all aspects of a person, discussions around gender are rarely emphasised in undergraduate  training  or  clinical  practice.  This  opinion  piece demonstrates the roles that occupational therapists may play when working with LGBTQIA+ people to provide services that are holistic and relevant to their needs and contexts. Recognizing the impact of everyday occupational therapy practices on LGBTQIA+ individuals is crucial, requiring a commitment to inclusivity and continuous reflection within the field of occupational therapy.

Implications for practice

Occupational therapists can play an important role in serving LGBTQIA+ individuals when they are committed to recognizing how dominant discourses about this group can be sustained through the everyday practices of delivering occupational therapy.
Péptidos Bioactivos de Streptomyces: Una Revisión Actualizada de su Potencial Terapéutico
Authors:   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bilbao Moreno Autores/as , Ramírez Nelson ,   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Rincón Riveros Walter Andrés ,   Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Las actinobacterias, en especial la especie Streptomyces se destacan dentro de la investigación debido a su amplia capacidad de producir metabolitos secundarios mediante un grupo de genes biosintéticos denominados (BCG), los cuales poseen un gran potencial medicinal y agroambiental alrededor del mundo en la era post pandemia por la Covid-19. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar una descripción exhaustiva de los últimos e innovadores péptidos bioactivos aislados de diversas especies de Streptomyces spp., resaltando su potencial como candidatos para el desarrollo de fármacos terapéuticos efectivos. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed Central (PMC), ScienceDirect y Microbiology Society publicada entre los años 2018-2023 únicamente en idioma inglés, empleando los siguientes términos: Streptomyces, peptides, antimicrobial, antiviral y antitumoral. Resultados: Los resultados de la presente revisión del estado del arte de los péptidos bioactivos más recientes y novedosos, es prometedor respecto a la amplia variedad de sustancias con posible desarrollo como fármacos a partir de los metabolitos secundarios producidos por diferentes especies de Streptomyces spp, dentro de ellos encontramos metabolitos con actividad antibacteriana tales como gausemicina A-B y cadasides A-B, metabolitos que expresaron actividad antiviral como siamicina I y valinomicina, finalmente taeanamidas A-B y sungsanpin las cuales presentan citotoxicidad frente a diferentes líneas celulares tumorales. Conclusión: Sin duda alguna, Streptomyces tendrá un papel fundamental en la lucha contra la resistencia a los medicamentos disponibles en la actualidad, dada a su amplia producción de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos como lo son los péptidos antimicrobianos. Estás sustancias han demostrado ser una fuente comprometedora de nuevos fármacos contra diversos microorganismos y patologías de interés.
Cimarroneando el orìkí
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Castro Delgado Melany
Published: April 2024

Reseña del poemario de Georgina Herrera (2017) Oriki para Georgina.
Surgical treatment of a massive soft tissue neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Valiev A. K. , Salkov A. G. , Petrochenko N. S.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Neurofibromas developing in neurofibromatosis type 1 rarely grow to a large size. However, in cases of massive lesions, selection of optimal treatment tactics can be complicated. Clinicians usually resort to surgical treatment which currently serves as an effective instrument for improving patients’ quality of life and for achieving good cosmetic results.

Aim. To describe a successful experience of surgical treatment in a patient with giant neurofibroma type 1 affecting a massive pool of soft tissues.

Clinical case. Patient, 22 years, sought medical help at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology with diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 with massive lesions in the tissues of the lower third of the back, gluteal region, thighs. The disease has existed since birth, family medical history is fraught: father died of malignant manifestation of a neurogenic tumor. The younger sister is also diagnosed with neurofibromatosis affecting the brain and manifesting through cafe au lait spots on the body. Due to massive tumors significantly decreasing the patient’s quality  of life, cytoreductive surgical treatment was prescribed aimed at maximally radical resection of all available tumors to alleviate the patient’s condition.

Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates successful experience of surgical treatment of a patient with giant neurofibroma affecting a massive pool of soft tissues.
The Essence of a Cash Surrogate
Authors: Turbanov A. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of the legal nature of a cash surrogate. It is proved that a cash surrogate is an illegal financial instrument and it cannot perform the functions of a legal means of payment. The legislative norm prohibiting the issuance of cash surrogates is unambiguous. Neither the State nor any other entity has the right to issue them. The problem of non-payments in the economy cannot be solved in an illegal way, i.e., by issuing cash surrogates, which cause significant damage to the implementation of the country’s monetary policy. Electronic money does not act as a surrogate, since it is a legal means of payment. Cryptocurrency has the characteristics of a surrogate; the fact that it is used in civil law contracts does not change its surrogate nature. The digital ruble is not a surrogate (substitute) for money, but a full-fledged Russian currency of a binding nature (mainly under public law), being the carrier of the Russian monetary unit issued and controlled by the State through the Bank of Russia, performing all the functions of money in economic, social and legal contexts.
Development of the Financial Law Mechanism for the Functioning of Payment Systems in New Economic Conditions
Authors: Larionova E. S.
Published: April 2024

The paper suggests promising directions for improving the financial law mechanism of functioning for payment systems, ensuring achievement of the goals of financial market development provided for by the Strategy for the Development of the Financial Market of the Russian Federation until 2030 and the goals of ensuring national security defined by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation in the face of unfriendly actions of foreign states. Payment systems are one of the key elements of the payment infrastructure necessary to maintain uninterrupted cash flow in order to fulfill individual civil and public obligations. Since currently unfriendly actions of foreign states are directly aimed at the functioning of payment systems in Russia, it seems important to provide financial law mechanisms that mitigate or eliminate the corresponding negative consequences. Thus, the author proposes to establish requirements for the mandatory use of national financial information transmission systems in the operation of payment systems, and justifies the expediency of creating a special regulation for settlements in case of unilateral termination of participation in the payment system. In addition, the paper proposes financial law mechanisms that take into account the ongoing digitalization of the payment sector and are necessary in this regard to maintain the smooth operation of payment systems. In particular, the paper substantiates the conclusion that it is advisable to unify the rules for assigning MCCs that determine the type of activity of the recipient of funds in order to ensure the correctness of their use when making card transfers. Ultimately, the legal mechanisms proposed in the paper are aimed at improving legislation on payment systems and documents of payment systems.
Features of Inheriting Notary Deposits
Authors: Novopashina U. S.
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with topical issues of inheritance of movable property (including cash and documentary securities), non-cash funds and non-documentary securities deposited with a notary by the testator in favor of third parties or deposited by third parties in favor of the testator. According to the author, the inheritance of notary deposits as a hereditary succession has its own characteristics. Despite the fact that in Soviet times, notary institutions had special accounts for deposited funds, and in 1993 The Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on Notaries defined the procedure for accepting funds and securities for depositing until 2017, when Chapter 45 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation was supplemented with norms on a public deposit account specifically designed for storing deposits of notaries, such notarial action was little in demand. Currently, the demand for such actions is hindered by certain problems that the author raises in the paper.
Differentiation of the Competence of the Prosecutor's Office and the Court to Ensure the Legality of Operational Investigative Activities
Authors: Nikitin E. L. , Zorin V. S.
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by the role and place of the legal institution for the protection of human, civil rights, and freedoms as an attribute of the rule of law, the need for proper control and supervisionof their compliance.

   The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims that a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value, and the state is obliged to recognize, respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, judicial protection is guaranteed to everyone. This implies, on the one hand, that everyone is guaranteed to ensure the implementation of the active right to appeal in court decisions, actions or inactions of public authorities and their officials, and on the other hand, verification of compliance with the passive right, which is mainly implemented through control and supervisory procedures. At the same time, in the process of implementing certain functions of the state (in particular, law enforcement), authorized bodies are allowed to apply measures that significantly limit the fundamental constitutional rights and freedoms of a person. An important place among these types of state activities is occupied by operational investigative activities (OIA). In the field of OIA, citizens are often limited in their ability to independently defend their rights and legitimate interests, and therefore a special role in this area is given to the court and the prosecutor’s office. As part of the study, an attempt was made to comprehensively study the theoretical, legal and practical issues of organizing the activities of the prosecutor and the court to protect human and civil rights, the legitimate interests of legal entities in the production of operational investigations, analyze the relationship between prosecutorial and judicial activities, and develop an organic mechanism for their implementation, excluding «mutual substitution» and duplication of competencies.
Evolution and Current State of the American Model of Administrative Procedure: Towards Reform and Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Markova Olena O. , Pankratova Viktoria O. , Naumenko Kateryna , Honcharenko Lesia L.
Published: April 2024

Administrative procedure in the United States of America is an integral part of administrative law. It is universal in its nature as it plays the role of an effective tool to regulate the conduct and activities of officials of state authorities, to combat corruption, and to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. The relevant agencies issue rules and regulations that have the force of law. Currently, progressive governance largely depends on decisions of the state policy made in the course of government rule-making, and therefore certain aspects of the modern model of administrative procedure in the US should be revised with a view to further reform. The objective of the article is to conduct independent research on the formation and current condition of the American model of administrative procedure. A set of general scientific and special methods was used to achieve this objective. The leading method in the process of research was the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena and processes, which made it possible to determine the condition, areas and prospects for the development of scientific research and legislative developments in legal regulation and approbation of the American model of administrative procedure. The conclusion drawn by the authors made it possible to form a conceptual understanding of the American model of administrative procedure.
On the Myth of Electoral Accountability
Authors: Młynarska-Sobaczewska Anna , Zaleśny Jacek
Published: April 2024

The article presents scientific research on certain assumptions concerning electoral accountability and provides conceptual insights. The central hypothesis is to demonstrate the illusory nature of accountability for the exercise of power once the electoral process comes to an end. An analysis is made of the character and epistemic value of electoral accountability as a myth – a creation structuring an image of political reality. The research is supported by empirical evidence from contemporary social studies. The purpose of the article is to show that the concepts of representation and accountability in political relations are mythical constructs; such an insight allows us to better understand the false expectations those constructions lead to. The study takes an international approach and contributes to worldwide deliberations on political representation.
Structure and Staffing of the Department of Civil Engineering of the City of Lublin 1939–1942
Authors: Pielach Mateusz
Published: April 2024

The issue of the administrative system in the General Government has not yet been sufficiently studied and developed. This article is of a scientific and research nature. The author presents the structure, competences and staff of the Department of Civil Engineering, one of the main departments of administration of the city of Lublin, the capital city of the Lublin district in the years 1939–1944. The aim of the research was also to show that the entire administrative apparatus in Lublin functioned under the full supervision of the German authorities and was obliged to follow the instructions of the occupier. The issue of territorial and local administration in the area of the General Government definitely requires further research. There are works referring to individual county and municipal administration bodies, but there is a noticeable lack of synthesis taking into account all structural and organizational aspects of administration and containing an assessment of its functioning. The main source of information are archival materials available at the State Archives in Lublin (Files of the City of Lublin 1939–1944). In addition to the characteristics of the Department of Civil Engineering, the article also describes the basics of the administrative system in the General Government and the Lublin district.
Judges in Polish Newspaper Headlines in 2022: A Contribution to the Media Image of the Judge
Authors: Kępa-Figura Danuta , Kępa Monika
Published: April 2024

The study fits within the scope of research on the media image of judges, which is part of a larger media image of the world. The relevance of the subject of research results from the position and significance of judges for the functioning of society and the state, as well as the interdependence between the functioning of the profession of judge, its prestige and the so-called public opinion. The aim of the article is a reconstruction of the image of the judge (its properties and relationships between these properties), the carrier of which are front pages of newspapers. Having found it reasonable to restrict the source base to paper issues of national daily newspapers representative for the Polish newspaper market, issued in 2022, the following three titles have been analysed: “Dziennik Gazeta Prawna”, “Gazeta Wyborcza” and “Nasz Dziennik”. These analyses allowed to: identify the properties attributed to judges in each periodical and structure them; observe the identity of the linguistic measures and devices used in the newspapers in question to shape the image of the judge and concurrently the different nature of images of the judge shaped on the front pages of the newspapers under research; conclude that, in all the titles examined, the images of the judge as a personal embodiment of the court (which is not always properly differentiated) are not a reflection of reality, but an interpretation thereof, and are a collection of subjective and emotionally related characteristics.
Nuevos paradigmas en el panorama de las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo
Authors: Sánchez Pérez María del Carmen
Published: April 2024

Hace apenas cuatro décadas, el panorama de las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo estaba caracterizado por el síndrome motor, denominado Parálisis Cerebral Infantil (PCI), y por la “deficiencia mental”, así llamada en la época. El panorama actual, tanto en los países desarrollados como los que están en vías de lograrlo, se caracteriza por la continuidad de viejos, así como nuevos problemas que impactan el desarrollo de la infancia, aunque con diferencias en su magnitud, dados no solo por los problemas genéticos poblacionales, sino por la magnitud de los recursos nacionales tanto económicos como socioculturales. Ahora, han surgido conceptos novedosos para categorizar el campo de la discapacidad infantil y el surgimiento de nuevos paradigmas que la extienden hacia su prevención.
FOOTBALL IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD: ON THE QUESTION OF THE COMPONENTS OF FOOTBALL CULTURE. DERBY
Authors: Pavlyk Vladyslav
Published: April 2024

The main idea of the article is study of one of the components of football culture, namely derby, and also aspects that surround him and the reasons under­lying each specific confrontation. This article examines the question of one of the components of football culture, the derby.
The purpose of this article is to study one of the components of football cul­ture, namely the derby, the aspects that surround it and the reasons behind the confrontation.
Regarding the analysis of research on this topic, the following should be highlighted: the historiography of the issue of football research in general, and the components of football culture in particular, is quite specific and diverse. The works of researchers of football culture and the attributive component of the foot­ball game are important. Mainly, two types of sources were used in the work - In­ternet sources and works of football culture researchers.
In conclusion, we can say that the derby, like any football confrontation, game and competition from ancient times to the present has carried within itself the central axis of meaning and their purpose - the eternal ethnological principle of division into "one's own and another's". It is in the derby that these aspects have more reasons than a simple binary division. These are: politics, culture, social, everyday and ethno-historical components that influence the escalation of the confrontation and are reflected in the stands of the stadiums and on the foot­ball field.
The derby and the issues of socio-cultural aspects that are reflected in them today cause interest and the prospect of study and research.
TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN-ETHIOPIAN RELATIONS IN 1965-1967
Authors: Yahovkin Anton
Published: April 2024

In this article, the author aims to explore the place and role of American-Ethiopian relations in US geopolitical strategies. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the American-Ethiopian relations on the East African region in the context of US foreign policy.
Research methods. Historical-genetic method is used in the article, which gave an opportunity to explore the genesis of East African politics of the USA, to identify the main tendencies of this policy direction at every stage. A systematic approach was used for the comprehensive analysis of the USA East Africa policy in 1965–1967, which gave an opportunity to identify economic and geopolitical interests of the USA in East Africa, goals and objectives of major counties towards Ethiopia, and to trace in this regard the attitude of the USA towards Ethiopia’s confrontation with Somalia and Eritrea.
Conclusions. Despite the orientation of the Foreign policy of the emperor of Ethiopia to the USA and his attempts to satisfy the USA interests (including the allocation of a military base in Ethiopia), Haile Selassie I failed to fully attract not only American private fund but also to make Ethiopia one of the Foreign policy priorities of the USA government. Ethiopia was of no interest to the USA not only as a potential economic partner (it remained an agricultural country with obsolete modes of production), but also as a military ally.
The USA supported some plans of the emperor of Ethiopia, for example the project of accession of Eritrea to the Ethiopian Empire, for the following reasons only:

due to independent Eritrean country’s insolvency
due to the necessity to maintain peace and order in the Northeastern Africa, on the west coast of the Red Sea. «Right» was given to the Ethiopian Empire, which needed the access to the sea and which at that time had a relatively strong army capable to battle any inner reaction and to defend the borders of Eritrea, where American military bases were located.
Impacto da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos nas práticas de Logística Reversa
Authors: Hernández Cecilia Toledo , Bitencourt Janinne da Silva
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as mudanças nas práticas de Logística Reversa (LR) em empresas da região Sul Fluminense após a implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Desta forma foram identificadas práticas de LR em empresas da região e foi usado o Analytic Hierarchy Process para medir a importância das mesmas. Após esta priorização, foi feita a comparação por meio da análise de compatibilidade, com estudos realizados por outros pesquisadores, identificando quais das atividades priorizadas por ramo estudado tem ganho importância destacando também quais são práticas de economia circular (EC). O estudo foi desenvolvido mediante pesquisa exploratória por meio de questionários. A amostra incluiu empresas da Região Sul Fluminense, que representam nove ramos da economia e que realizam algum tipo de LR. Os dados foram inicialmente avaliados por meio do software Super Decisions. Como resultados principais, identificaram-se quais programas estratégicos e atividades específicas da LR são prioritários para cada ramo analisado, comparando se houve mudança efetiva ou não, após a PNRS homologada em 2010. Ao comparar este estudo, com o da Hernández (2010), percebe-se que o programa legal vem ganhando um maior destaque ao dar a questão da sustentabilidade uma maior relevância. Como implicação prática este resultado gera uma visão para as empresas analisarem seu sistema de LR o que contribui também para a implementação da EC e sua visibilidade como empresas sustentáveis.
Etyka wartości, edukacja moralna i nauczanie etyczne
Authors: Carr David
Published: April 2024

Nauczanie etyki w szkole uznawane jest za ważne i potrzebne. Ale czy etyki można się nauczyć? I czy nauczanie jej powinno polegać na przekazywaniu wiedzy o koncepcjach etycznych, ewentualnie dyskusji wokół nich, czy raczej na kształtowaniu moralnych postaw uczniów i właściwych zachowań? Artykuł podejmuje namysł nad tymi problemami w nawiązaniu do różnych tradycji myśli etycznej i teorii moralności. Za główny punkt odniesienia i podstawę praktyki edukacyjnej proponuje przyjąć odnowioną współcześnie Arystotelesowską etykę cnót. Koncepcja phronesis jako rozumności praktycznej, pozwalającej tworzyć sądy moralne wrażliwe na kontekst i uwzględniające złożoność trudnych do uzgodnienia interesów i dóbr, wydaje się dla edukacji moralnej wciąż aktualnym modelem. Nauczanie i dyskusja nastawione na rozważanie konkretnych przypadków i opowieści, czyli kształcenie umiejętności tego typu osądu, pozwala uniknąć zagrożeń, jakie niesie nauka skupiona na zagadnieniach teoretycznych: uwikłania w definicyjne niejasności w określaniu wartości moralnych, czy myślenia oderwanego od emocji i od doświadczenia. Nauka polegająca na analizie filozoficznej tradycji wiąże się z ryzykiem, iż przekazywana wiedza okaże się nieadekwatna do wieku i poziomu osobistego rozwoju ucznia, generując moralny subiektywizm i relatywistyczny sceptycyzm. Argument ten nie jest jednak skierowany przeciwko teoretyzowaniu i wprowadzaniu abstrakcyjnych rozważań w procesie kształcenia, nawet na najwcześniejszych etapach: teoretyzowanie i budowanie racjonalnych uzasadnień jest potrzebne, ale powinno wynikać z inspiracji i rozwoju intelektualnych predyspozycji, a nie z przekazu gotowej wiedzy.
Key Considerations for Responding to Floods in South Sudan Through the Humanitarian-Peace-Development Nexus
Authors: Moro Leben , Palmer Jennifer , Hrynick Tabitha
Published: April 2024

In common with many other African countries, the Republic of South Sudan is increasingly experiencing devastating floods linked to climate change.1,2 The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño regulate the climate of Equatorial Eastern Africa. In 2019, a dipole warming in the western Indian Ocean, worsened by climate change, created higher than average evaporation off the African coastline. This water vapour fell inland as rainfall over Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Sudan and South Sudan, causing massive floods.3 Since then, in the Sudd wetlands of central and north-eastern South Sudan, seasonal rains have been falling on already saturated land and adding to the floodwater. Large areas of the country have been submerged year-round and there have been sudden floods in new areas unaccustomed to them. At the same time, South Sudan has been struggling to move towards peace in the wake of its 2013-18 civil war, with many armed groups still fighting, and historical conflicts with Sudan dating back decades. The impact of flooding on the security environment and overall fragility of South Sudan has received high-profile attention.4,5 The severe floods – together with recurrent outbreaks of violence, weak governance, persistent underlying poverty and a lack of basic infrastructure and services – have created a complex humanitarian crisis and prevent the young nation (which gained independence in 2011) from achieving sustainable and equitable peace, resilience and development. The interconnectedness of these dynamics, and the need to approach these problems holistically, is increasingly acknowledged by high-level actors through discussion around the Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) nexus, sometimes called the ‘triple nexus’.4 This brief describes the interconnected problems of the HDP nexus in the context of South Sudan through a focus on flooding. It also has wider relevance to other countries in the region, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan, that are experiencing similar self-reinforcing cycles of humanitarian, peace and developmental crises, exacerbated by floods.6 In particular, the brief describes the multidimensional impacts of flooding on peace, health, livelihoods and governance. The brief also provides an overview of flood response efforts and innovations, and public attitudes towards them. The brief emphasises the need to link short-term humanitarian efforts with longer-term peacebuilding and development efforts through meaningful collaboration between actors working in these often-siloed spaces.
Two birds one stone: lymphatic and breast reconstruction with autologous tissue
Authors: Sarrami Shayan M. , De La Cruz Carolyn
Published: April 2024

Patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) commonly present with both debilitating upper extremity symptoms and the need for breast reconstruction. By combining autologous flaps with physiologic lymphatic surgery, postmastectomy patients with BCRL can obtain aesthetic breast reconstruction and lymphedema management in a single operation. Lymph node transfer to an area of lymphatic obstruction creates a healthy lymphatic bridge and restores physiologic flow. Early success and improved understanding of vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) physiology have led to the rapid development of numerous flap options and modalities. Several studies have shown the efficacy of combining autologous breast reconstruction with VLNT. Chimeric flaps using inguinal nodes, lateral thoracic nodes, or omentum aim to construct an aesthetic breast and improve lymphatic function. In this article, we will detail the surgical options that accomplish autologous breast reconstruction and restore the lymphatic network in a single operation.
Rebuilding the R2P with BRICS Countries: A Normative Perspective
Authors: Crowley-Vigneau A. , Baykov A. , Bunik I. , Gao A.
Published: April 2024

At a time when the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) concept continues to be an object of widespread controversy, particularly with BRICS countries openly condemning the way it has been implemented by Western states, the question of the future evolution of the norm remains uncertain. While the constructivist literature initially pointed to the consolidation of the norm which was widely accepted by heads of states during the 2005 World Summit, the application has been criticized by Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) for being Western-led and biased, oriented toward regime-change and reminding the world of a new type of colonial enterprise. BRICS members embraced this perspective, and condemned in unison the Libyan intervention for going beyond the scope of its mandate and occasioning greater harm than it prevented. The authors of this article analyse BRICS perspectives on the “Responsibility to Protect” and seek to understand whether the geopolitical formation could, by unifying and building up on contestation mechanisms, contribute to the renewal and rebuilding of this doctrine, thus ensuring its greater credibility. The qualitative investigation is based on the study of interviews conducted with experts from BRICS and some western countries. The findings indicate that if BRICS member states succeed in adopting a common conceptual perspective, the global acceptance of the “Responsibility to Protect” could increase but that all the new checks and balances advocated by them could lead to delays in interventions to prevent human rights abuses moving forward.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 06.04.2024 г. по 12.04.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: April 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 06.04.2024 г. по 12.04.2024 г.
Primary Cutaneous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in a Rare Location With an Immune Response to a BNT162b2 Vaccine
Authors: Yilmaz Abdurrahman , Goker Barlas , Gedikoglu Mustafa Gokhan , Ayvaz Mehmet , Tokgozoglu Ahmet Mazhar
Published: April 2024

Case:

In this report, a rare case of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) localized in the subcutaneous tissue of the scapular region that grew after BNT162b2 corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is presented and may be explained by CD4 and CD8 cell infiltration. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine has been associated with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-V). A comparable immune reaction could potentially enhance tumor growth rate.

Conclusion:

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinomas are rare tumors with unique locations. Further studies with case series are required to establish management algorithms for PCACC and investigate the potential effect of vaccination.
Pauperization of Emerin from nuclear envelope during chromatin bridge resolution drives prostate cancer cell migration and invasiveness
Authors: Nastaly Paulina , Popęda Marta , Kowalski Kamil , Wenta Tomasz , Beznoussenko Galina , Rychlowski Michal , Mironov Alexandre , Lavagnino Zeno , Barozzi Sara , Richert Julia , Bertolio Rebecca , Szade Jolanta , Miszewski Kevin , Matuszewski Marcin , Żaczek Anna , Braga Luca , Sal Giannino Del , Bednarz-Knoll Natalia , Maiuri Paolo
Published: April 2024

Micronuclei (MN) can arise from many causes, including the breakage of aberrant cytokinetic chromatin bridge. The frequent observation of MN in tumors raises the specter that they might not merely be passive elements but could instead play active roles in tumor progression. Here, we propose a mechanism that the presence of micronuclei could induce specific phenotypic and functional changes to the cell and lead to increased cancer invasive potential. Through the integration of diverse imaging and molecular techniques in vitro, supported by clinical samples from D’Amico high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients, our study demonstrates that the resolution of chromosome bridges can result in the accumulation of EMD and the formation of EMD-rich MN. Such structure is negative for Lamin A/C, positive for Lamin-B receptor and Sec61β. It can act as a protein sink and result in EMD pauperization from the nuclear envelope. The phenotype of emerin mis-localization is associated with molecular signature that correlates to worse prognosis in PCa and is enriched in metastatic samples. Emerin mis-localization corresponds with migratory and invasive properties of tumor cells, especially in the context collagen-rich microenvironment. Our study demonstrates that the mis-localization of emerin to MN induces increased cell invasiveness, thereby exacerbating patient’s prognosis.
Impulsivity Mediates the Relationship between Sleep Quality and Interpersonal Functioning: A Cross-sectional Study in a Sample of University Students
Authors: Farrell Brian J. , Emmerton Robert W. , Camilleri Christina , Sammut Stephen
Published: April 2024

Background: Amid the current mental health pandemic, research continues to investigate potential contributors associated with increasing levels of negative mental health. Among such contributors is sleep, which is vital for physiological and psychological functioning with potential downstream behavioral consequences, including in relation to impulsivity and social functioning. Given the significant rates of poor sleep quality reported in the literature, our study sought to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, impulsivity and interpersonal functioning among university students.
Methods: An anonymous online survey was administered to university students (Ages 18+; N=526; 33% male, 67% female) addressing demographics, sleep quality, impulsivity, and interpersonal functioning.
Results: Our findings indicate a substantial proportion of students reporting poor sleep quality and impulsivity. Moreover, higher levels of impulsivity and lower interpersonal functioning were associated with poor sleep quality. Mediation analysis revealed a significant mediating role of attentional impulsivity in the relationship between sleep quality and interpersonal functioning.
Conclusions: Repeated reports of significant levels of impulsivity underlying numerous psychiatric disorders, its prevalence socially, and the fundamental issue that impulsivity reflects (i.e., lack of self-control/self-discipline), suggests a necessity to reorient therapeutic efforts towards the root of the problem. Thus, efforts should seek to maximize preventative behaviors that build character/virtue and strengthen the individual (e.g., improving sleep quality and minimizing impulsivity), including through self-discipline and perseverance, in order to reduce negative outcomes (e.g., dysfunctional interpersonal functioning).
WITHDRAWN: Development of a Bidirectional Charger with Current-Controlled Synchronous Reference Frame Hysteresis Based on Unit Templates
Authors: khali sonia , Khali Fatah
Published: April 2024

12 April, 2024. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint due to substantial overlap with {another author's published work}(https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/jee-2024-0005).
Unveiling DREB30: A Key Player in Wheat's Battle Against Combined Drought and Heat Stress
Authors: GA NANDINI , Chitranshi Abhishek , Gampa Mallesh , Goswami Suneha , T Vinutha , Dalal Monika , Kumar Sudhir , Kumar Soora Naresh , Mishra Gyan Prakash , Tyagi Aruna , c Vishwanathan , Kumar Ranjeet Ranjan
Published: April 2024

Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) is a transcription factor specific to plants, capable of selectively binding to DRE/CRT elements in reaction to abiotic stresses, such as drought. DREB proteins play a crucial role in increasing a plant's tolerance to drought stress by enabling water conservation, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and alleviating the adverse impacts of drought on growth and development. In the present investigation an amplicon of ~ 858 bp was amplified from C306 wheat cultivar. With accession number OP057913, the gene was submitted to the NCBI Gen Bank. BLASTn search revealed the highest similarity with the ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF060-like gene from Triticum aestivum. In plants DREB30 is localized in chloroplast. The cloned DREB30 gene has open reading frame (ORF) of 281 amino acids. Conserved domain search analysis showed it belongs to AP2 superfamily. qRT-PCR analysis of the DREB30 gene showed maximum expression in leaves compared to roots under combined stress treatment during both the pollination and grain-filling stages. Our study revealed that combined stress has a severe effect on the relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic parameters compared to individual stress. Antioxidant enzymes SOD, Catalase, GPx were observed to be increased more under combined stress. The occurrence of combined stress led to a greater increase in Proline (40.56%) and TAC (30%) accumulation compared to the control. Among genotypes HD3226 was severely affected, C306 was least affected by combined stress. We propose that DREB30 emerges as a promising candidate gene for enhancing plant resilience against both drought and heat stress.
NMN partially rescues cuproptosis by upregulating sirt2 to increase intracellular NADPH
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Qiu Shuting , Shao Shihan , Cao Yuejia , Hong Yu , Xu Xianrong , Fang Xuexian , Di Chunhong , Yang Jun , Tan Xiaohua
Published: April 2024

Cuproptosis is characterized by lipoylated protein aggregation and loss of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) proteins, which are crucial for a wide range of important cellular functions, including DNA replication and damage repair. Sirt2 and sirt4 are lipoamidases that remove the lipoyl moiety from lipoylated proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. However, to date, it is not clear whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD+, affects cellular sensitivity to cuproptosis. Therefore, in the current study, cuproptosis was induced by the copper (Cu) ionophore elesclomol (Es) in HeLa cells. It was shown that Es/Cu treatment also increased cellular DNA damage level and induced G1 arrest. On the other hand, NMN treatment partially rescued cuproptosis in a dose-dependent manner, reduced cellular DNA damage level, and further increased the proportion of G1 phase cells. In addition, NMN upregulated the expression of Fe-S protein POLD1, without affecting the aggregation of lipoylated proteins. Mechanistic study revealed that NMN increased the expression of sirt2, as well as increased cellular reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) level. Overexpression of sirt2 and sirt4 did not change the aggregation of lipoylated proteins, however, Sirt2, but not sirt4, increased cellular NADPH levels and partially rescued cuproptosis. Inhibition of NAD+ kinase (NADK), which is responsible for generating NADPH, abolished the rescuing function of NMN and sirt2 for Es/Cu induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggested that DNA damage and G1 arrest are characteristic features of cuproptosis. NMN can partially rescue cuproptosis by upregulating sirt2, increase intracellular NADPH content and maintain the level of Fe-S proteins, independent of the lipoamidase activity of sirt2.
War Effect on the trend of Fasting Blood Sugar Levels on Diabetic Mellitus Patients, in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Teklezgi Mehari Gebre , Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel , Gebru Yared Tbebu , Tekle Mengstu Berhe
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus remains one of the foremost concerns in life insurance, and it is responsible for premature death. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the amount of fasting sugar in the blood is too high because the body cannot use it properly. The study was expected to investigate the war effect on the trend of Fasting Blood Sugar Levels of diabetic mellitus patients.
Methods: Longitudinal design with different hierarchical models, which are Linear mixed effects, generalized linear mixed effects, and nonlinear mixed effect models were fitted on the data Fasting Blood Sugar Level as a response variable.
Results:
Results depicted that the Fasting Blood Sugar Level of the patients increased over time. Besides, age, weight, medication, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, creatinine, and linear time effect have positive significant effects whereas triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein have negative significant effects on the FBS level of adult Diabetes mellitus patients.
Conclusion: The war has a significant effect on the poor control of blood glucose levels of adult diabetic patients. Due to the war, siege, or blockages, there were rare medicines, the patients were not taking their medicines on time, and they did not get enough insulin as well.