bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare but Real Entity: Bladder Neuroendocrine Cancer
Authors: Pikó Béla , Bassam Ali , Kis Anita , Ovidiu Rus-Gal Paul , Laczó Ibolya , Mészáros Tibor
Published: September 2022

The neuoroendocrine cancer of the bladder is a rare tumour, and from this entity the well-differentiated tumours with favourable prognosis, the paraganglioma with unfavourable prognosis, small and large cell types of tumours should be emphasised. From the methods of the anticancer therapies’ operation can be eligible by itself in the first group but in the second group should form only the part of the multimodal treatment. Radiotherapy plays a role only in the treatment of the small and large cell tumours, and during the treatment of these tumours, the administration of the cytostatic drugs is also essential (mainly platina derivates). Somatostatin analogues, immune checkpoint inhibitors could be beneficial in special cases and some tumour agnostic treatment can be useful as well. Moreover, the palliative treatment should represent an important modality even in the early treatment period, but it should also be provided when no other treatment options are left.
Perspective Chapter: Applying Innovative Research as a Tool to Advance Immunization Coverage in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Morufu Raimi Olalekan , Abisoye Sunday Oyeyemi , Godson Mcfubara Kalada , Charles Adias Teddy , Aziba-anyam Raimi Gift , Adedotun Daniel Adesina , Chibueze Izah Sylvester , Okoyen Ebikapaye , Ogbointuwei Christopher , Clement Angalabiri , Godspower Amos , Aishat Funmilayo Abdulraheem
Published: September 2022

Scientific research is the basis for sound planning and management of all resources and, as such, is the key to the future health and prosperity of all humanity. Uncertainty drives scientific curiosity and thirst for knowledge and solutions, but it can also lead to insecurity, anxiety, and fear. However, few will dispute that life on earth is becoming increasingly threatened by public/environmental health problems, issues that can be commonly linked to unregulated human activities and irresponsible policymaking. But, how has these public/environmental health problems affected our future and how can they be resolved? Such questions are clearly very difficult to answer, but where there is will, there is hope, and scientists throughout the world diligently continue with their painstaking efforts to understand the issues and develop effective solutions. Thus, the aim of the study is to contribute new ideas to the general direction of the country continuity plan both at the National and State level and to create a space to generate dialog important in shaping and responding to questions about the drive in addressing innovative research in secondary-use of health data for immunization and vaccination. While, emerging young scientists have an especially important role to play toward enhancing universal health coverage. They have inherited public/environmental health issues through no fault of their own but are able to bring fresh vitality and new perspectives that can drive research and innovation forward into uncharted territories. They represent the hope for the future and deserve support by every means possible. As the amount of assistance a researcher receives has to be more nuanced when it is received than just extending simple blanket to all and sundry. Researcher thus, requires a novel system of reward as well as recognition to deal with the pandemic’s uneven impact. Thus, evidence for action need to prioritizes research to evaluate specific interventions (e.g., policies, programs, practices) that have the potential to counteract the harms of structural and improve health, well-being, and equity outcomes. This requires equal investment in implementation planning evidence and resources to ensuring research products and practices are implemented to achieve positive impact for the end-user.
Social Workers in Iceland in the Pandemic: Job Satisfaction, Stress, and Burnout
Authors: Jóna Freysteinsdóttir Freydís
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out how the position is regarding various factors related to social workers in Iceland following the pandemic. A questionnaire was send to all social workers registered in the social worker association in Iceland. The response rate was 46%. The results showed that most of them worked in the social services or 60%, and most of them used empowerment and solution-focused approach as their theoretical approach. Most of the social workers were satisfied with the management, social environment, content of their work, work condition, and salaries. Nearly 90% of the social workers thought that the stress was high, and nearly 80% of them were experiencing one or more stress symptoms or six on the average. The most common stress symptoms were lack of energy, worries, and sleep difficulties. Child protection workers were experiencing the highest number of stress symptoms. One fifth of social workers had experienced burnout in the past. The higher the employment ratio, the more likely a social worker was to have experienced burnout. Nearly a third of the participants thought that they would change jobs in the near future.
Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Method for Supply of Potable Water: A Case Study of Gosaba, South 24 Pargana, India
Authors: Chowdhury Subhashis , Chakraborty Souvik , Lodh Rajashree
Published: September 2022

In Gosaba, a village on the outskirts of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, people experience a lot of problems related to shortage of potable water due to salinity and arsenic contamination in the supplied water. Rapid growth of industrialization, increased population, saline water intrusion etc. is causing a decrease in fresh water. Due to overuse of groundwater, GWT is declining rapidly in the Gosaba region. Moreover, seawater is intruding into the groundwater, causing pollution of surface water and a rise in Fe content, Cl content, arsenic content and salinity content in groundwater of that location. The runoff available from that amount of received precipitation is estimated using two empirical equations derived by Sir Aiexander Binnie; Ingels-De Souza and T.G. Barlow and the calculation confirms a good amount of runoff that can be utilized for harvesting in order to decrease the water scarcity of the location. The scarcity of fresh water in the Gosaba location can be minimized by adopting the rainwater harvesting (RWH) method, a sustainable process to obtain disinfected water at a very low cost. The technical part of the present study is to adopt RWH where rainwater is collected from rooftop of an institute building and to design tank where water can be stored and utilized further at minimum costs.
Characteristic, Synthesis, and Non-Photic Regulation of Endogenous Melatonin
Authors: Albreiki Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Several researchers have confirmed that the melatonin hormone is significant to the body’s circadian rhythm, hence, the need to explore the connection between the two aspects. The circadian rhythm is a natural endogenous process that controls essential body functions as it affects hormone release, body temperature, sleep patterns, and eating habits. In that view, the circadian rhythm relies on melatonin to synchronize the night and day cycles. Melatonin plays a significant role in controlling the circadian rhythm by facilitating quality sleep at night and alertness during the day. In effect, understanding the acute non-image-forming visual effects of melatonin will help derive ways to ensure the circadian rhythms operate efficiently for healthy body functions.
Deciphering and Targeting Epigenetics in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Huang Jie , Lu Aiping , Liang Chao
Published: September 2022

Once cancer metastasizes to distant organs like the bone, liver, lung, and brain, it is in an advanced stage. Metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-associated deaths. Countless molecules and complex pathways are involved in the dissemination and colonization of cancer cells from a primary tumor at metastatic sites. Establishing the biological mechanisms of the metastatic process is crucial in finding open therapeutic windows for successful interventions. Emerging evidence suggested a variety of epigenetic regulations were identified to regulate cancer metastasis. Here we summarize the procedures and routes of cancer metastasis as well as the roles of epigenetics including ncRNA, DNA methylation, and histone modifications in common metastases. Then we further discuss the potentials and limitations of epigenetics-related target molecules in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
Perspective Chapter: Computational Modeling for Predicting the Optical Distortions through the Hypersonic Flow Fields
Authors: Wang Tao
Published: September 2022

Optical aberrations caused by supersonic/hypersonic flow files can lower the guidance accuracy of high-speed flying interceptors with onboard infrared guider. This chapter mainly summarizes the related research achievements on these issues based on the past works. First, the current developments on this important topic are discussed comprehensively. And secondly, the basic theories for predicting the aero-optical distortions used in this chapter, that is the computational flow field dynamics and its characteristics used for establishing the relationships with the flow fields and the optical light, are carefully provided. And then the density field of the flow field acquired from the large-eddy simulation (LES) can be transformed into the refractive index field in terms of the Gladstone-Dale relation. Recursive ray tracing method of optical propagation through the flow of fluids is given out. In the following, the chapter discusses the information optical modeling approach for the solutions to this issue. In the flow fields, every CFD grid is thought of as a uniform and isotropic cell. This chapter utilized the angular spectrum propagation theory for considering the optical waves propagating cell by cell. The suggested method can give out the optical transformation function (OTF), which can be directly used for modeling the aero-optical image. In the end, this chapter concludes the research works and points out the future development and potential applications of these presented research works.
Astrocytic Abnormalities in Schizophrenia
Authors: Saleki Kiarash , Banazadeh Mohammad , Abadi Banafshe , Pirmoradi Zeynab , Esmaili Zahra , Amiri Shiva , Pourahmad Ramtin , A. Kohlmeier Kristi , Shabani Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Astrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which contribute to CNS health and disease by participating in homeostatic, structural, and metabolic processes that play an essential role in facilitating synaptic transmission between neurons. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with various positive and negative behaviors and interruption of executive function and cognition thought to be due partly to aberrations in signaling within neural networks. Recent research has demonstrated that astrocytes play a role in SCZ through various effects, including influencing immune system function, altering white matter, and mediating changes in neurotransmitters. Astrocytes are also known to play a role in inducing SCZ-associated changes in neuroplasticity, which includes alterations in synaptic strength and neurogenesis. Also, astrocyte abnormalities are linked to neurobehavioral impairments seen at the clinical level. The present chapter details general information on SCZ. It highlights the role of astrocytes in SCZ at molecular and behavioral levels, including neural changes seen in the disease, and the therapeutic implications of targeting astrocytes in SCZ.
PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Di Santo Nicola , Bagnolini Greta , Wong Yin , Carnelli Marco , Frigerio Luigi
Published: September 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the western world, has been historically treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are one of the most active new targeted therapies for the treatment of EOC. PARPis’ mechanism of action relies on their ability to interfere with DNA repair events leading ultimately to cell death, the biological concept known as synthetic lethality. Initially developed as maintenance therapy in patients with a response after platinum-based chemotherapy in a recurrent setting, PARPis are now approved as the frontline treatment strategy. The aim of this chapter is to examine PARPis’ antineoplastic activity and the clinical development studies that lead to their approval, as well as the safety and the management of adverse events associated with this new class of drugs. Lastly, the rational considerations for the use of PARPis in the frontline setting are discussed.
Meningiomas
Authors: Kaya İsmail , Yakar Hüseyin
Published: September 2022

Meningiomas are among the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors worldwide. These extra-axial lesions, which usually originate from neoplastic arachnoidal (meningothelial) cells, often appear in mid-late adulthood and are more common in women. Due to their heterogeneous morphology, the World Health Organization (WHO) divided meningiomas into three main groups, and these three main groups are divided into nine subgroups with histopathological differences according to their biological behavior. Clinical signs and symptoms, as in other central nervous system tumors, vary considerably depending on the compression or invasion of the neurovascular structures in the compartment where the meningioma is located. Meningiomas that are presented as benign lesions often have the potential to grow slowly, but could be associated with morbidity, such as poor quality of life, depending on the histopathological grade and localization of the lesion. Although fractionated radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery is an alternative treatment option for meningiomas that cannot be completely removed (surgically inaccessible, or recurrent (atypical or anaplastic)) the primary treatment for these lesions is surgery. In this context, we have detailed meningiomas in this section.
On the Possibility of Non-Local and Local Oil Spills Striking the Shores of North Carolina and South Carolina
Authors: J. Pietrafesa Leonard , Bao Shaowu , T. Gayes Paul , Askari Farid
Published: September 2022

Oil spills, the releases of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment, have occurred in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) of the United States (U.S.A). However, no oil spills have ever affected the Eastern Atlantic Seaboard (EAS) of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, we demonstrate from data and numerical modeling that oil spills in the GOM have the potential to reach the U.S.A. EAS via a combination of atmospheric storms, major ocean currents and atmospheric wind driven surface currents. The basis for this hypothesis is that in August of 1987, a Karena Brevis toxin plant outbreak occurred in the GOM, and several weeks hence, showed up on the shores of North Carolina and South Carolina. We recreate that environmental scenario employing atmospheric and oceanic data from 1987, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) images, and via numerical modeling, that an atmospheric cold front, the combination of the Loop Current, the Florida Current, and Gulf Stream Frontal Filaments, created the pathways for the transport of K-Brevis plants from the Gulf to the U.S.A. EAS. Numerical model output of oil spill scenarios, both non-local in the GOM and local to the Carolinas, is presented to prove that this latter hypothesis has credibility and viability.
Effect of Hypoestrogenism on Oral Cavity
Authors: Wulandari Pitu
Published: September 2022

Postmenopause is the period or period that occurs after women enter menopause. Menopause is the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. Menopause occurs due to the cessation of ovulation and hypoestrogenism or a decrease in the hormone estrogen, in this case, estradiol, a potent hormone owned by women. Hypoestrogenism causes various changes, including changes in the oral cavity. Some changes in the oral cavity are reduced salivary flow so that the mouth becomes dry. Dry mouth or xerostomia can increase the prevalence of caries in the oral cavity. In addition to decreased salivary flow, there is also a thinning of the gingival epithelium, which facilitates bacterial invasion and reduces alveolar bone mineral density associated with bone resorption, thereby increasing the risk of tooth mobility and even tooth loss. Prevention and treatment of periodontal destruction need to be done at this time, considering this is one of the factors that can improve the quality of life.
Approximate Dynamic Programming: An Efficient Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Shaorui Zhou , Ming Cai , Xiaopo Zhuo
Published: September 2022

We propose an efficient machine learning algorithm for two-stage stochastic programs. This machine learning algorithm is termed as projected stochastic hybrid learning algorithm, and consists of stochastic sub-gradient and piecewise linear approximation methods. We use the stochastic sub-gradient and sample information to update the piecewise linear approximation on the objective function. Then we introduce a projection step, which implemented the sub-gradient methods, to jump out from a local optimum, so that we can achieve a global optimum. By the innovative projection step, we show the convergent property of the algorithm for general two-stage stochastic programs. Furthermore, for the network recourse problem, our algorithm can drop the projection steps, but still maintains the convergence property. Thus, if we properly construct the initial piecewise linear functions, the pure piecewise linear approximation method is convergent for general two-stage stochastic programs. The proposed approximate dynamic programming algorithm overcomes the high dimensional state variables using methods from machine learning, and its logic capture the critical ability of the network structure to anticipate the impact of decisions now on the future. The optimization framework, which is carefully calibrated against historical performance, make it possible to introduce changes in the decisions and capture the collective intelligence of the experienced decisions. Computational results indicate that the algorithm exhibits rapid convergence.
Integrins in Ovarian Cancer: Survival Pathways, Malignant Ascites and Targeted Photochemistry
Authors: Kemal Ruhi Mustafa , P. Rickard Brittany , J. Polacheck William , Rizvi Imran
Published: September 2022

Integrins are surface adhesion molecules that, upon binding to ligands, cluster to form adhesion complexes. These adhesion complexes are comprised of structural and regulatory proteins that modulate a variety of cellular behaviors including differentiation, growth, and migration through bidirectional signaling activities. Aberrant integrin expression and activation in ovarian cancer plays a key role in the detachment of cancer cells from primary sites as well as migration, invasion, and spheroid formation. An emerging area is the activation or rearrangement of integrins due to mechanical stress in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in response to fluid shear stress imparted by currents of malignant ascites. This chapter describes the role of integrins in ovarian cancer with an emphasis on crosstalk with survival pathways, the effect of malignant ascites, and discusses the literature on integrin-targeting approaches in ovarian cancer, including targeted photochemistry for therapy and imaging.
Multi-Object Recognition Using a Feature Descriptor and Neural Classifier
Authors: Guzmán-Ramírez Enrique , García Ayax , Guerrero-Ramírez Esteban , Orantes-Molina Antonio , Ramírez-Cárdenas Oscar , Arroyo-Fernández Ignacio
Published: September 2022

In the field of object recognition, feature descriptors have proven to be able to provide accurate representations of objects facilitating the recognition task. In this sense, Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), a descriptor that uses this approach, together with Support Vector Machines (SVM) have proven to be successful human detection methods. In this paper, we propose a scheme consisting of improved HOG and a classifier with a neural approach to producing a robust system for object recognition. The main contributions of this work are: First, we propose an improved gradient calculation that allows for better discrimination for the classifier system, which consists of performing a threshold over both the magnitude and direction of the gradients. This improvement reduces the rate of false positives. Second, although HOG is particularly suited for human detection, we demonstrate that it can be used to represent different objects accurately, and even perform well in multi-class applications. Third, we show that a classifier that uses a neuronal approach is an excellent complement to a HOG-based feature extractor. Finally, experimental results on the well-known Caltech 101 dataset illustrate the benefits of the proposed scheme.
Bio-Simulation of the Induction of Forced Resonance Mechanical Oscillations to Virus Particles by Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation: Prospects as an Anti-Virus Modality
Authors: K. Uzunoglu Nikolaos
Published: September 2022

The induction of acoustic-mechanical oscillations to virus particles by illuminating them with microwave signals is analyzed theoretically. Assuming the virus particle is of spherical shape, its capsid consisting primarily of glycoproteins, a viscous fluid model is adopted while the outside medium of the sphere is taken to be the ideal fluid. The electrical charge distribution of virus particles is assumed to be spherically symmetric with a variation along the radius. The generated acoustic-mechanical oscillations are computed by solving a boundary value problem analytically, making use of Green’s function approach. Resonance conditions to achieve maximum energy transfer from microwave radiation to acoustic oscillation to the particle are investigated. Estimation of the feasibility of the technique to compete with virus epidemics either for sterilization of spaces or for future therapeutic applications is examined briefly.
Research on Technology Governance of IoT Smart City in Yilan, Taiwan: Taking Intelligent Disaster Prevention as an Example
Authors: Chai Chang-Wei , Huang Yu-Heng , Chao Tseng-Wei
Published: September 2022

An advanced smart building platform should meet the needs of humanization and provide the best information and communication technology integration capabilities to enhance the digital upgrading and transformation of the construction industry. From the perspective of the technology governance of the smart city in Yilan County, this study proposes the direction of the sustainable development of intelligence in Lan-yang area and discusses the intelligent disaster prevention of the IoT smart city in Yilan, Taiwan. In the study, data related to technology governance were collected through literature review and validation of empirical fire drills, including the meaning of smart city, the development process of promoting smart city in Taiwan, and technology governance and smart city development. The content and analysis of empirical fire drills demonstrated the specific achievements of the smart city technology governance development in Yilan County, Taiwan.
Vestibular Rehabilitation: Conventional and Virtual Reality-Based Methods
Authors: Mutlu Başak
Published: September 2022

The vestibular system is responsible for sensing the velocity and acceleration of angular and linear movements of the head and sensitivity to gravity in maintaining balance with its peripheral and central structures. It performs this function through vestibular reflexes. When peripheral vestibular diseases occur unilaterally or bilaterally, the functions of vestibular reflexes are affected, resulting in deterioration in eye movements compatible with head movements and anti-gravity muscle activity coordination, which ensures upright posture against gravity. Dizziness and/or imbalance persist in patients in whom the central compensation process cannot be completed, resulting in restrictions in the patient’s independent movements, daily activities, and quality of life. In the middle and long term, these restrictions cause sedentary life, fear of falling, loss of general condition, emotional problems, and social isolation. In patients diagnosed with unilateral peripheral vestibular disease, vestibular rehabilitation methods based on exercise and living environment arrangements are used as valid and reliable methods to support central compensation mechanisms and to eliminate movement restrictions. Along with conventional exercises, virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation systems on stable or unstable platforms are also used for this purpose. In this chapter, the essential principles of conventional and virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation methods take place.
Enzyme and Thermo Dual-stimuli Responsive DOX Carrier Based on PNIPAM Conjugated Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyyed Mostafa , Karamat Iradmousa Mahdieh , Rashed Mahtab , Fattahi Yousef , Hosseinzadeh Ardakani Yalda , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Bafkary Reza , Erfan Mohammad , Dinarvand Rassoul , Mahboubi Arash
Published: September 2022

Background: Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been proven to be a promising strategy to enhance tumor localization, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy agents. Objectives: In this study, a temperature and redox dual stimuli-responsive system using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) was developed. Methods: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were capped with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a thermo-sensitive polymer, with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method, via disulfide bonds (DOX-MSN-S-S-PNIPAM) to attain a controlled system that releases DOX under glutathione-rich (GSH-rich) environments and temperatures above PNIPAM’s lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Morphological and physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were indicated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The drug release tests were performed at 25°C and 41°C in the absence and presence of the DTT, and the obtained results confirmed the synergic effect of temperature and reductive agent on a dual responsive release profile with a 73% cumulative release at 41°C and reductive environment during 240 min. Results: The average loaded drug content and encapsulation efficacy were reported as 42% and 29.5% at the drug: nanoparticle ratio of 1.5: 1. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 cell lines indicated significant viability decreased in cells exposed to DOX-MSN-S-S-PNIPAM compared to the free drug (DOX). Conclusions: Based on the results, DOX-MSN-S-S-PNIPAM has shown much more efficiency with stimuli-responsive properties in comparison to DOX on MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
Does Freedom of Association Justify Restrictions on Immigration?
Authors: Vinx Lars
Published: September 2022

Christopher Wellman has argued that legitimate states enjoy a right to freedom of association that necessarily includes a right to exclude immigrants. This paper shows that Wellman’s argument for this conclusion is unsound since it is based on a construction of collective rights that is inapplicable to the rights of a state.
Reflections on Equality, Value and Paradox
Authors: Smilansky Saul
Published: September 2022

I consider two difficulties which have been presented to egalitarianism: Parfit’s “Levelling Down Objection” (LDO) and my “Paradox of the Baseline” (POB). I show that making things worse for some people even with no gain to anyone is actually an ordinary and indeed necessary feature of our moral practice, yet nevertheless the LDO maintains its power in the egalitarian context. I claim that what makes the LDO particularly forceful in the case against egalitarianism is not the very idea of making some people worse off with no gain to others, but the disrespect for (non-egalitarian) value inherent in egalitarianism; and similarly that the POB is a reductio of choice (or luck)-egalitarianism because of its inversion of the intuitively correct attitude to the generation of value. I conclude that in the light of the absurdity and paradox so frequently lurking in moral and social life, and particularly with the complexity of modern life and obliquity of change, we need to be much more modest than egalitarians have been in putting forth ambitious moral and social models.
Lost in Transition: Puzzles of Reconciliation
Authors: Ólafsson Jón
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses reconciliation as a strategy to heal social wounds caused by dictatorial regimes or deep economic crises. The paper treats two such examples: The failed attempts of the Icelandic government to reach a deal with the UK and the Netherlands about the repayment of debts incurred by the bankrupt Landsbanki Íslands and the prosecution of Mr. Geir Haarde, formerly Prime Minister of Iceland. It is argued that although reconciliation strategies have in some cases been partially successful, it can be counterproductive to prefer moral aspirations or goals, such as rebuilding trust after serious political, social or economic disintegration, to strictly legal ways of dealing with individual cases. As the case with Mr. Haarde shows, the endeavor to achieve moral goals using legal means can backfire in unexpected ways.
Truth in Fiction Reconsidered
Authors: Nyberg Christer
Published: September 2022

Possible and narrative worlds are traditionally the most influential tools for explaining our understanding of fiction. One obvious implication of this is considering fiction as a matter of pretence. The theory I offer claims that it is a mistake to take truth as a substantial notion. This view rejects possible worlds and pretence as decisive features in dealing with fiction. Minimalist theory of fiction offers a solution that gives a way to combine a philosophical theory of meaning and views of literary theory. Narrative worlds approach saves its usefulness since its focus is more in the psychological process of reading. Minimalist theory of fiction is based on the minimal theory of truth and the use theory of meaning. The idea of language games as a practice of constructing contextual meanings is also decisive. A sentence is not true because it corresponds to a fact but because it is used in a right way in certain circumstances. The rejection of the possible worlds approach is thus based on the idea that understanding fiction is essentially about recognizing the constant interplay between different texts and contexts. Better understanding makes different interpretations possible.
Rancière’s Proust: A Rebirth of Aesthetics
Authors: Melaney William
Published: September 2022

Philosopher and literary theorist, Jacques Rancière, has argued that Marcel Proust’s work as a novelist enables us to understand how modern literature articulates and largely resolves a specifically aesthetic crisis. From Rancière’s standpoint, Proust shows us how the dominant conflict in nineteenth-century French literature was carried beyond a mere opposition and given a new aesthetic significance in the modern novel. In this paper, I will discuss Jacques Rancière’s attempt to assess Proust’s contribution to literature in the wake of the aesthetic tradition epitomized by Kant and Schiller. Crucial to this attempt is the deployment of aesthetics as a historical discourse that introduces the possibility of variation in relation to the real. More specifically, I will examine Rancière’s argument that metaphor in Proust’s work has the capacity to transform a sense of doubleness into a new understanding of the real.
Absolut idealisme – et glemt potentiale?
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj Pilgaard
Published: September 2022

Physicalism is the most widely accepted metaphysical view today. The thesis of physicalism, however, seems unable to adequately explain the existence and nature of consciousness. Moreover, the thesis is not itself a scientific finding but must be characterized as a metaphysical assumption. Hence, there are strong reasons to explore alternatives to the physicalist view. While metaphysical theses based on classic idealistic views like subjective or absolute idealism have been largely absent from the philosophical debate during most of the 20th century, in the last few decades theses of this kind have been advocated, most notably by John Foster and Timothy Sprigge. Russell’s and Moore’s influential refutations of idealism have been severely questioned by recent scholarship, which means that conventional arguments against absolute idealism appear to be significantly less well-founded than what is usually assumed. With Sprigge’s panpsychistic absolute idealistic metaphysical system as the basis and by incorporating key elements in Foster’s thinking, the present paper outlines an idealistic thesis which, it is argued, first of all escapes the problem of consciousness inherent in physicalism and secondly counters important arguments raised against Sprigge’s views, including the question of personal identity and the problem of the one and the many. In addition, this thesis can be seen as naturalistic in a broad sense, thereby potentially being of existential relevance also within the framework of modernity. Thus, it is the aim of the present paper to argue – although sketchily – that despite its controversial character in the light of contemporary mainstream views, panpsychistic absolute idealism demonstrates a significant explanatory power and is therefore of philosophical interest as a subject for further study.
Editorial
Authors: Nielsen Thor Hennelund
Published: September 2022

No abstract
What is Historicity?
Authors: Klausen Søren Harnow
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: The article argues for a distinction between standard “historical thinking”, which aims at interpreting theories, views and concepts by considering them in their historical or cultural context, and a more sophisticated “thinking of historicity”, which attempts to uncover the historical nature of human understanding in general. The latter kind of thinking is exemplified, in different ways, by Husserl, Heidegger and Gadamer, who all strongly opposed the trend to “historicize” ideas and knowledge. It is pointed out that the notion of historicity resembles the notion of path-dependence, which has gained prominence in contemporary philosophy of science. It is further argued that precisely because historicity turns out to be a generic and fundamental phenomenon, a part of the human condition, it does not by itself allow one to discriminate between more or less authentic or genuinely historical styles or genres of thinking or research.
We Humans. Epochal Consciousness and Responsibility in the ‘Anthropocene’
Authors: Wentzer Thomas Schwarz
Published: September 2022

No abstract.
Gadamer on Historicity and Philosophy A critical Examination
Authors: Wolsing Peter
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to substantiate the view that historicity (Geschichtlichkeit) which is an epistemological presupposition of Gadamer’s idea of ‘concept history’ (Begriffsgeschichte) violates the substance of philosophy considerably, i.e. its problems and conceptuality, because of the limits it sets to the reach of thoughtful consideration (Denken). I argue that if philosophy shall be possible as an epistemic activity intended for knowledge, a theory which defends the universality of thinking must be added to Gadamer’s hermeneutics. This paper shows how his theory unjustly ignores ‘thoughtful consideration’ as a primordial phenomenon of consciousness which is present on higher levels of understanding. After the criticism of Gadamer’s inadequate concept of knowledge the paper concludes with a suggestion to rehabilitate the classical notion of thoughtful consideration as the substantive and permanent presupposition of all philosophy. The paper demonstrates how the rise of knowledge from Verstehen to Denken on different levels of reflection must lead to a rehabilitation of the philosophy of subjectivity and of metaphysics and how this epistemological move must affect the idea of a ‘destruction of metaphysics’ which Gadamer shares with Heidegger.
Hvad må verden begynde med? – En undersøgelse af lysvæsenet i Phänomenologie des Geistes
Authors: Nielsen Thor Hennelund
Published: September 2022

The paper seeks to unfold a passage towards the end of The Phenomenology of Spirit by Hegel named Das Lichtwesen. The passage is found at the beginning of the section on religion, which constitutes the point in the development of spirit, wherein the spirit has gained a knowledge of itself but in a metaphorical and sensuous form. The paper argues that there are striking similarities between this passage and the sections of the Science of Logic concerning being, nothing, and becoming and engages in a comparative analysis between these. The theory interprets the determinations made in the passage of Das Lichtwesen as an explication of a cosmogony, anthropogony and, with a constructed neologism, an epistemogony respectively, i.e. an explication of the origins of being, humankind and the latter’s knowledge of the world. The hypothesis is that the Lichtwesen is a metaphysical correlate of the abstract and purely logical determinations of the beginning made in the Science of Logic and therefore constitutes the beginning in a more originary, metaphysical sense.
"Hvormed må videnskabens begyndelse gøres?"
Authors: Poulsen Anders Hee Nørbjerg , Rasmussen Jesper Lundsfryd
Published: September 2022

[53] Først i nyere tid er man blevet bevidst om, at det kunne være en vanskelighed at finde en begyndelse i filosofien, og både grunden til denne vanskelighed og muligheden for at løse den er blevet diskuteret på mangfoldig vis. Begyndelsen i filosofien må enten være noget formidlet eller noget umiddelbart, og det er let at vise, at begyndelsen hverken kan være det ene eller det andet. Hermed møder den ene eller den anden begyndelsesmåde sin gendrivelse.
Sandheden som en udfordring af det liberale demokrati
Authors: Hansen Ejvind
Published: September 2022

Begrebet “fake news” spiller i disse år en stor rolle i italesættelsen af forholdet mellem medier og demokrati. Jeg vil i denne artikel gennem en sammenstilling af Arendt, Habermas og Badious teorier om sandheden og dens rolle ind i den offentlige debat argumentere for, at det største problem ved fænomenets fremkomst ikke er, at folk kommer til at mangle oplysning. Problemet er derimod, at fake news ikke udfordrer os. Problemet med fake news er grundlæggende, at de bekræfter os i de opfattelser, som vi har på forhånd, og dermed bliver vi i sidste ende begrænset af den allerede eksisterende tænkning.
Något-intet-den?
Authors: Stagnell Alexander
Published: September 2022

I de avslutande styckena av ”L’Étourdit”, ursprungligen en föreläsning framförd vid femtioårsjubileet av l’Hôpital Henri-Rousselle i Paris 1972 och sedan publicerad året därpå i Scilicet, plockar Lacan på nytt upp Demokritos atomism. Genom att återvända till denna lära, som tidigare diskuterats vid en av föreläsningarna i det elfte seminariet, öppnar Lacan inte bara frågan om negativiteten, om varat och intet och hur vi går från intet och varat via blivandet till något, det vill säga frågan om ontologin och dess genesis, utan minst lika mycket ställer han frågan om det omedvetna och repetitionen. Upprepandet av Demokritos atomism, problemet som rör den och mēden, pekar därmed ut ett fundamentalt problem för psykoanalysen. Och i den mån ”L’Étourdit” i sig utgör en vändning, det vill säga att texten har funktionen av såväl en sammanfattning av Lacans arbete fram till 1972 som ett avstamp mot framtiden, är det mot de frågor som hemsökt Lacan i relation till formulerandet av de fyra diskurserna som tagit sin början tre år tidigare som den riktar sig. Det faktum att frågan om subjektets tal, och att det som sägs förblir dolt bakom det som hörs och förstås i det sagda, och den relaterade frågan om hur diskursen kan nå bortom sig själv, eller att, som Lacan uttrycker det, ”Demokritos nämligen gör oss till en gåva från [de] ατομος, från det radikalt reella” (2001 [1973]): 494), får sin upplösning just i Demokritos atomism bör peka ut den centrala, och samtidigt tvetydiga, position denna teori får i psykoanalysens mest centrala formuleringar av det omedvetna och begäret.
Exploring the meaning of care in nursing care homes for older people
Authors:   , Dunn Heather Dorothy
Published: September 2022

Background: A burgeoning ageing population (age 65+) and concerns over malpractice and abuse of older residents living in nursing homes pose unique challenges for health and social care service commissioners and providers. Yet little is known about this context or staffs’ and older residents’ views of nursing home care in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of the present Health Psychology doctoral research was to explore wider contextual influences on care delivery at organisation level; explore staffs’ and residents’ perspectives of the meaning of ‘care’; and identify barriers and facilitators to the delivery of this ‘care’ ideal. Methods: A Critical Realist and qualitative approach examined contextual and embodied influences on UK nursing home provision at national, organisational and individual levels. Participants were three nursing homes for older people in North England, four care staff, and fourteen residents. Data: Ethnographic observations, visual methods (photo-elicitation), and object-elicitation were adopted during data collection. The data corpus included a literature review; photographs and researcher observation field notes; and orthographic transcriptions from a focus group with nursing home care staff and interviews with residents. Analysis: The data corpus was analysed using Thematic Analysis (informed by Braun & Clarke, 2006) from a critical stance. Findings: At national and nursing home organisational level care was structured around risk-averse and rationalised (‘for profit’) discourses, and represented a medical model of care. Rationalised, prohibitive, medically-driven care provision was found to conflict with nursing home staffs’ and residents’ positioning of appropriate ‘care’, which was more aligned with relationship-centred models of care. Recommendations for future research and practice are made in light of present findings.
Contemporary knowledge workspaces: a Lefebvrian case study exploring provider and user perspectives
Authors:   , Ellison Ian
Published: September 2022

In this study, participant-led photography was utilised to explore socially constructed notions of ‘what mattered about workspace’ with providers and users of two very different workspace case studies in London: a new contemporary office space of an established professional services organisation, and a coworking space for ethical business start-ups. The inductive findings were then considered using Lefebvre’s spatial triad as an analytic framework. The study sought to set aside conventional perspectives from the workspace design and management body of knowledge, to explore whether the qualitative visual research technique called participant-led photography, combined with a Lefebvrian reading of the findings, offered insights into how ‘knowledge workers’ understand, feel about and use their organisational workspaces. A further aim was to explore ways to practically engage with Lefebvrian thinking. If this were possible, Lefebvre’s significant yet esoteric contributions to spatial theory might be better understood and valued more widely in the field of workspace design and management, conceivably benefitting the working lives of many people. The evidence suggests that this visual research method yields diverse topics and issues not typically surfaced through more traditional workspace design and management research approaches. It shows how intrinsic workspace is to our working lives, and so advocates a stronger link between workspace and organisation theory and practice. It also encourages further application of novel research approaches in the discipline. By embracing Lefebvre’s notion of space as socially produced, the case study evidence also suggests that ‘space-making’ (foregrounding the management of built facilities) and ‘place-making’ (enabling communities of people; akin to urban design’s ‘placemaking’) can be regarded as contrasting approaches to the production of knowledge workspace, which can afford qualitatively different experiential outcomes. Engaging with Lefebvre in this way is less about workspace judgements, and more about opening up possibilities to holistically critique organisational context and appropriateness. Theoretically, by openly inviting engagement with Lefebvre’s ideas, it extends workspace theory beyond Cartesian understandings of physical objects in geometric space, toward Kantian notions of workspace as lived experience, acknowledging that the spatial and the social are irrevocably and politically intertwined. The study demonstrates an opportunity to positively reframe the often-polarised debate surrounding workplace provision. It is exploratory in nature and makes no claims to any universally valid findings. Instead, its contribution is in showing new possibilities through alternative workspace analyses and research approaches.
The look of Love: reception teachers’ perceptions of professional love
Authors:   , Pearse Sally
Published: September 2022

This collaborative, longitudinal study uses narrative and creative methods to explore five reception teachers’ perceptions of the concept of professional love and how it is enacted within the classroom. There is a growing body of academic work on loving relationships or professional love in the context of early years education and the place this has in professional practice; however, this has mainly been focused on early years settings prior to school. This study extends research on professional love into the school context, with teachers who are operating at the boundary between the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) and the primary phase of education. Perspectives on the inherent tensions between the child-centred approaches of the EYFS and pressures relating to school readiness and preparing children for more formal educational practices inform the analysis of the rich data generated by the collaborative methodology and narrative and creative methods. Over the course of a school year the participants met as a group and told stories about love, discussed their practice and mapped their relationships with children using a sociogram. The study reveals that the participants identified professional love as a key element of their practice and that, when enacted, it presented a number of faces: tough love, natural love, effortful love, loving touch and as a mask that enables the teachers to meet their own emotional and social needs. The participants articulated their belief that professional love had a positive impact on children’s wellbeing, development and learning and supported the teachers in addressing the difficult issues and barriers that children face. However, prioritising professional love involves emotional labour and tensions with colleagues, school leadership and regimes of accountability. The findings suggest that the opportunity and space to collectively reflect on relationships over a period of time is crucial in supporting participants’ understanding and self-knowledge relating to professional love. The collaborative approach enabled the participants to co-construct their perceptions and definitions of professional love as they shifted and altered through this participative process. This study has implications for initial training iii and continuing professional development (CPD) as it indicates that approaches to support the development of professional love need to be complemented by additional tools and support structures that allow for the full complex and multi-faceted nature of professional love to be surfaced and discussed over time.