bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Parameters Affecting the Opacity and Brightness of Uncoated Paper
Authors:   Pulp & Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe Claire, P.Q., Canada, Scallan A. M. , Borch J. ,   Pulp & Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe Claire, P.Q., Canada
Published: February 2024

A recently introduced theory of light reflectance based on a paper sheet behaving in its reaction to light as a stack of spaced parallel layers is described briefly. Utilising the theory, the contributions of cell wall thickness, lumen size, degree of lumen collapse, absorption coefficient of cell wall material and extent of interfibre bonding to the light-scattering ability of a sheet are discussed in a quantitative way. The conclusions are illustrated by examples of paper sheets in which there is clear evidence that their particular optical properties may be traced to one or more of the above parameters. Thus, for example, it is shown that to make sheets of high opacity while sacrificing neither brightness nor strength, fully bleached fibres with thin cell walls and narrow lumens are the most desirable.
A Survey of Paper Mechanics in Fundamental Terms
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Lancaster, Dodson C. T. J.
Published: February 2024

The object of this survey is to review recent work on the mechanical properties of paper with particular reference to the role of fundamental parameters and to attempt an assessment of the current position. Precisely which parameters are to be distinguished as fundamental is of course still a major field for research, so it is hoped that a spirit of reasonableness will be perceived in the interpretations that are offered below. As a preliminary to the survey, some physical and chemical properties of cellulose are collected together with associated properties of fibres and certain structural features of paper. In its end usage, the mechanical attributes of paper are influenced markedly by environmental factors such as temperature and the presence of moisture, but it still remains a problem to separate these effects in basic terms. Rheologically, paper has a long memory of its past history, but, its structural heterogeneity makes this memory appear erratic to the experimenter and it often yields counterexamples to embarrass theoretical developments. Nevertheless, there has accumulated a large body of data on the mechanical behaviour of paper and there has been considerable success in fitting this into a working patchwork of respectable theory that has served well in stimulating experimental discoveries, thereby providing for a continued regenerative development, which is the subject of this article.
Transparencia en la gestión pública en el Perú: Avances al 2021
Authors: Madrid Escobar Apolinar Junior
Published: February 2024

Corruption has been a persistent problem in Peru, and in order to fight it from the public sector, several transparency mechanisms have been implemented with results that are far from what was expected. The objective of this paper is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the most relevant characteristics of transparency in public administration in Peru, for which the main actions developed by the Peruvian State to implement transparency in public administration were reviewed, analyzing their possible influence on the levels of corruption in Peru in the period from 1990 to 2021. As a working method, it was considered appropriate to examine the regulations issued by the Peruvian State, verifying the results obtained in the indicated period. The results show that the measures adopted since the 1990s to institutionalize transparency in the country do not seem to have influenced the level of corruption, thus failing to achieve the goal set in the Plan Bicentenario: Peru al 2021, to position our country as the one with the lowest perception of corruption in all of Latin America. Based on this observation, we conclude that the relationship between transparency and corruption is more complex than commonly believed and requires further research.
Producción académica cualitativa sobre el sentido del trabajo 2010-2023 en Latinoamérica
Authors: Bringas-Acevedo José Eduardo , Boza Ccoyllar Brando
Published: February 2024

This study used a qualitative approach in the form of a systematic review, specifically using concept maps to analyze research conducted by Latin American authors on the subject of the meaning of work. The analysis covered research studies published on academic databases from 2010 to 2023. The primary aim of this study was to identify common themes and theoretical frameworks derived from the body of research. Another aim of this study was to draw attention to the limitations of existing research and to explore innovative approaches to the understanding of human talent. The study also discussed future research pathways in the field of the meaning of work. The study findings revealed that there is a significant number of qualitative-based publications that address current issues related to traditional and non-traditional employee groups. Even so, this study revealed a key area to further develop: qualitative studies focused on the overlap of artificial intelligence, automation and related technologies destined to affect both the nature of work and human capital management, since these emerging technological trends will invariably influence the way in which employees think about work, thereby affecting how they regard its sense and importance.
La importancia de la educación financiera para la reducción de la pobreza en Perú
Authors: Tramontana Tocto Roxana Helena
Published: February 2024

In Peru, according to the definition of the National Institute of Statistics and Data Processing (INEI, 2023), an individual in considered to be living in poverty if their monthly income is below PEN 415. Poverty decreased considerably from 2011 to 2019. However, after the COVID-19 pandemic, it has significantly increased, to the detriment of all progress made in the previous decade. Even though social welfare programs are a good option to fight poverty, it is necessary for these programs to complement their strategy with financial literacy to improve their effectiveness. This paper evaluates the current situation and the importance of financial literacy for the reduction of poverty in Peru. This research is descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional. The results of several studies conducted in various countries revealed that financial literacy is significantly effective to reduce poverty. It can be concluded that, in Peru, it is necessary to conduct more finance training programs in the Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Huánuco and Pasco regions, where the incidence of poverty is above 40%. It is also advisable to evaluate the effectiveness of financial literacy training through O'Connell's five-tier approach (2009).
Actitud y riesgo financiero percibido por usuarios de Facebook en un consultorio dermatológico Lima, Perú
Authors: Bastos Perleche Alba Agnetta
Published: February 2024

The last few years have evidenced the increasing use of social media. This has given companies the opportunity to offer their products and/or services, and has given consumers the opportunity to purchase them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between attitude and financial risk, as perceived by a group of users of social networking site Facebook who were interested in purchasing dermatology services. To this end, an applied study was conducted, with a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational approach. It used a five-item questionnaire which was responded by 358 users. The results indicated that 94.4% of the survey respondents stated that they had perceived a good or very good attitude from the company’s employees, generating a very low to low perceived risk in 85.5% of the survey respondents. In conclusion, a positive moderate correlation exists between attitude and financial risk.
Relación de fatiga pandémica y motivación laboral en estudiantes de posgrado de una universidad nacional peruana
Authors: Aldave Campos Elizabeth Juana Ruth
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pandemic fatigue and workplace motivation in graduate students from a state university in Peru in 2022. A correlational, non-experimental, simple and descriptive quantitative study was performed, based on a structured questionnaire administered to the demographic group from the study, with a sample of 30 students. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's alpha was 70.4% for the validity of the 21-item questionnaire used in the pilot prototype. The findings showed that 60.0% of survey respondents reported that they sometimes felt work-related stress in the workplace. 66.7% of survey respondents reported that they sometimes felt anxiety during working hours, while 66.7% reported that they sometimes felt some physical and emotional tension during working hours. Meanwhile, 46.7% reported that they had a harmonious relationship with their superior. In addition, 66.3% reported that they have good social relationships with their peers; lastly, 53.3% reported that they felt satisfaction in their current position. Regarding the correlation analysis for variable association, a value of -.586 was obtained, with p < .001, therefore confirming the general hypothesis. It is concluded that pandemic fatigue has a moderate correlation with employee motivation, considering the coefficient value of 0.586. However, there are strategies that can be implemented to mitigate its effects.
El trabajo remoto y su relación con la productividad de una empresa tecnológica en Lima
Authors: Muro Olivera Elsa Del Pilar
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo científico tiene como propósito determinar la relación entre el trabajo remoto y la productividad, en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19, en la empresa Indra Perú S.A. Lima, en el año 2021. La metodología utilizada es de tipo descriptivo de diseño transversal, correlacional y no experimental. La investigación de mercado se realizó mediante una encuesta aplicada a 314 a trabajadores de la empresa, siendo el resultado un coeficiente de Spearman de 0,905, que es positivo y significativo, demostrando que existe relación entre el trabajo remoto y la productividad, por lo que se concluye que la productividad del trabajador que labora de manera remota puede ser igual o mejor al trabajo de manera 100% presencial en su centro de labores.
La resiliencia y el valor del talento humano en el sistema universitario privado y público en el Perú
Authors: Valeriano Ortiz Luis Fernando
Published: February 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar qué variables influyen en el éxito del valor del talento humano y de la resiliencia en el sistema universitario mediante un análisis crítico de la realidad nacional con respecto a la formación profesional que desarrollan las universidades públicas y privadas y su rol de gestores en el ámbito empresarial, como una reflexión para encontrar alternativas de solución, para generar procesos técnicos digitales y virtuales en un clima de unidad nacional, y fortalecer las relaciones laborales en la gestión universitaria, con un talento humano comprometido con el cambio y la tecnología digital. El Perú sigue soportando diversos conflictos sociales que generan inestabilidad política, económica y social. En el sector empresarial se evidencia una gran disminución de las inversiones nacionales e internacionales, motivando el cierre de empresas y la paralización de los sectores estratégicos, como es el caso de la minería formal y también de las universidades. La actitud intolerante de la clase política afecta los valores y patrones de conducta del personal que estudia y labora en el sistema universitario público y privado, quienes tienen un rol protagónico en el proceso de cambio y de reactivación del país, al ayudar a formar estudiantes competitivos, resilientes y con solvencia moral.
EJES DE INTEGRACIÓN SUDAMERICANA: OPORTUNIDADES PARA EL DESARROLLO REGIONAL DEL PERÚ
Authors: López Más Julio
Published: February 2024

El desarrollo de la competitividad internacional del Perú necesita una visión integral que sitúe a nuestro país como un centro logístico de Sudamérica, que una América del Sur con la Cuenca del Pacífico. Para este propósito los procesos de coordinación e integración sudamericana en marcha están dinamizando ejes de integración interoceánicos concebidos como instrumentos promotores del desarrollo y que crean importantes oportunidades para ampliar los mercados de exportación de los productos nacionales y fortalecer las capacidades empresariales y de capital social de las Regio­nes descentralizadas del país.
LIDERAZGO Y VISIÓN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD
Authors: Ugarte Vega Centeno Máximo Alfredo
Published: February 2024

Cuando hablamos de Globalización de la Eco­nomía y la sociedad de los conocimientos, nos invita a reflexionar a las escuelas de postgrado, cómo enfrentar responsabilidades en el ámbito de la investigación, gestión y liderazgo partici­pativo en el inicio del tercer milenio. Decimos esto, porque la globalización exi­gente y competitiva también llegó a las univer­sidades, por lo tanto las escuelas de postgrado tienen y deben estar a la altura de las exigen­cias de los acontecimientos, es decir tienen como misión, apoyar y potencializar con sistemas innovadores y altamente competitivos el desa­rrollo y la especialización del recurso humano de nuestros departamentos y regiones, gene­rando propuestas eficaces, viables, junto a la investigación básica y aplicada de acuerdo a las exigencias y necesidades de nuestros países y como consecuencia tienen que tener acredita­ción académica internacional. En este sentido, quisiera plantear, de los mu­chos que pudieran ser, tres aspectos más resal­tantes que a nuestro criterio serían los proble­mas en los que se encuentra la Universidad Pe­ ruana. El primero, la situación actual que viene enfrentando; el segundo, los principales facto­res de su entorno que influyen en la gestión de la Universidad; y el tercer aspecto, sería comen­tar cuáles son las perspectivas que tiene o debe tener la Universidad.
Working Time of the Municipal Cities’ Officials in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries: The Case of Merkinė
Authors: Tubelevičiūtė Gabija
Published: February 2024

The history of the cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania has in recent years attracted more and more interest in the context of Magdeburg law, city institutions, ruling elites, etc. However, to this day there has been no significant research on the working time of city officials, and certain aspects, such as the organization of work during festivals, are used as details to supplement the historical narrative. This article focuses on the working time of the municipal cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th–18th centuries, using the city of Merkinė as a reference point. The study aims to find out how the working time of municipal cities was defined by normative documents, when elections and appointments of officials took place in Merkinė, how long the term of office lasted, and when the council and the court of advocatus – lay judges worked. The main part of the article is devoted to the definition of the working time (annual, monthly, weekly) of the municipal bodies of Merkinė (the council and the court of advocatus – lay judges). The work is illustrated by tables based on the data from the act books of the court of advocatus – lay judges and the council.
Everday Life in a Soviet Factory: The Case of ELFA Radio Factory in the 1960s and 1980s
Authors: Mikalajūnaitė Ieva
Published: February 2024

This study takes a closer look at how Soviet workers lived and adapted to the changes, reconciling personal ambitions with the economic and ideological plan. The everyday life is examined in terms of the worker’s relationship to the factory and its role in the worker’s life. This study analyses the effects of the deficit economy, speculation and the plundering of socialist property, which contributed to everyday life. This study reveals what the realisation of socialist ideals, plans and visions looked like through the eyes of an ordinary worker at the “Elfa” radio factory, focusing on the everyday life of the workers, revealing the real experiences of the people who worked in the factory.
The Role of Collegiality in the Process of Teacher Development
Authors: Juklová Kateřina , Kaplanová Jitka , Vondroušová Jindra , Janoušková Sára , Šubrtová Beáta , Kopicová Lucie , Soukupová Anna , Vařečková Jana
Published: February 2024

The paper deals with the phenomenon of collegiality in the relationships between future teachers and their educators and its role in the processes of constructing professional identity. Using the method of discursive psychology, this paper investigates the perceptions of 22 students of Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové in the Czech Republic who, along with the standard model of teaching practice, also underwent a year-long model of practice aimed at intensive support of their professional learning. The utterances of the prospective teachers confirm that the new experiences in relationships with educators gave rise to constructions of professional learning and self that are clearly preferred by prospective teachers over existing ones and used to construct teacher identity. The prospective teachers strived for an image of themselves as constantly developing, respected and supported actors in their own professional development. Drawing on these new discursive resources, they also successfully confronted the ever-present deficit constructions of the teacher that do not provide them with enough space to negotiate their professional identity.
Achievement of control goals in type 2 diabetic patients of a cardiovascular risk program
Authors: Zúñiga Carlos Gabriel Enríquez
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex pathology with a global distribution that poses a challenging context to achieve its adequate control. Interventions from primary care have an unquestionable relevance within the treatment of the population that presents it. Objective: To evaluate the fulfillment of the proposed goals in type 2 diabetic patients, who entered a cardiovascular risk program in a Colombian health institution, after 1 year of management between January and December 2022. Methods: Observational and descriptive study, which included all the medical records of type 2 diabetic patients (146 subjects) who entered a cardiovascular risk program at an outpatient health services institution in Cali, Colombia and met the inclusion criteria; follow-up was 1 year. Data were exported to statistical software for a univariate analysis with measures of central tendency and dispersion. A bivariate analysis and a binary logistic regression were also done. Results: No patient managed to comply with all the parameters evaluated; the female gender obtained better results in the majority. On the one hand, the paraclinical with the greatest achievement of control was the urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio -UACR- (82.0%), on the other hand, the one with the least achievement was glycosylated hemoglobin (41,0%). Obesity and dyslipidemia demonstrated a statistically significant relationship as factors that do not allow the achievement the glycemic control. Conclusions: Achieving adequate control of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be challenging, involving the self-care adopted by the patients and an interdisciplinary health approach. Due to the nature of this morbidity, a comprehensive management with a solid educational component could favor this achievement.
A case report: TSh-oma in patient with Down syndrome
Authors: Bdour Karam , A Rania , Asad Al , A Abdallah , Eyadeh Al , el issa Nesreen , alwadi Mu’taz , Eteiwi Suzan , K Khaldon , Sarihin Al , al shorman Mohammad , A Alzu’bi Ali , AlEyadeh leen
Published: February 2024

Tsh-oma or Thyrotropinoma is a condition in which there is a pituitary adenoma that secretes TSH in an autonomous fashion, resulting in hyperthyroidism with its clinical aspects and complications. It is a very a rare condition comprising less than 0.1% of pituitary adenomas. The diagnosis and evaluation of Tsh-oma are challenging, as the clinical manifestations and the biochemical profile resemble the thyroid hormone resistance syndromes. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disease (trisomy 21) manifested in clinical, physical, and developmental impacts on affected persons. It is associated with thyroid autoimmune diseases and thyroid hypoplasia (congenital hypothyroidism) however, to our knowledge, there have been no described cases in the literature where Down syndrome was associated with a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. We hereby present a 34-year-old male known to have Down syndrome who was found to have a thyroid disorder (Tsh-oma) different from the known thyroid disorders linked to Down syndrome.
Incidence and treatment outcome of childhood lymphomas in a tertiary care hospital of a developed country: a study in Combined Military Hospital Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Rashidul Hasan Ahmed , Ara Ferdousi Shormin , Islam Md Azizul , Islam Afiqul , Yakub Jamal Chowdhury
Published: February 2024

Background: Over the years incidence of childhood cancer has been increasing. Being the third most common childhood malignancy, Lymphoma also achieved improved survival and reduced mortality along with other cancer in children & adolescents. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the incidence and overall outcome of childhood lymphoma patients aged 0-12 years who attended Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Methodology: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study. All the children up to 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Lymphoma who received treatment from the Paediatric Oncology Unit of the Department of Pediatrics CMH, Dhaka were taken for analysis. Their data has been collected from hospital-based cancer registry records from 2016 to 2021. Their present status has been collected by phone call. Data has been collected and put on datasheet of MS-Exel 2019 and were analyzed using SPSS –VR 25, MS-Exel 2019. Results: Over the study period, childhood lymphomas were found one of the commonest cancer, with an incidence of 10%. Of them Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL, 41%), and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL, 59%). For both, the most common age group was ‘5 to 9 years age’, females were predominance for HL & males were predominance in NHL. Histopathological analysis revealed the mixed cellularity variety of classical HL was the commonest; 71% of all HL. In case of NHL, 60% had Burkitt Lymphoma [BL] & 40% had Lymphoblastic Lymphoma [LL]. Immunohistochemistry of tumor masses revealed BL patients had B-Cell and all LL patients had T-cell. About 100% of patients agreed to start treatment and achieved remission but later on, 23.5% of them experienced a relapse. Overall survival was 76.5%. In case of HL 100% of patients survived, and 14% of them had relapsed. In case of NHL, 60% of patients survived [67% of BL & 50% of LL] and relapse was found in 30% of cases. Overall mortality rate was 23.5%, and all belonging to NHL represent 40% of all NHL patients. Conclusion: With current therapeutic & supportive regimens childhood lymphoma patients have excellent improvement. Even being a developed country, 100% of patients achieved remission and only 23.5% had relapsed. Overall survival was 76.5%, in case of HL 100%, and NHL 60%. Mortality rate was only 23.5%, all belonging to NHL.
Preparation of dense/spherical fine particle by spray dryer
Authors: Hiroyuki Hirano , Hiroshi Yamahara
Published: February 2024

Fine particle granulation using a spray dryer was performed to prepare with a high drug content, a spherical shape, and a smooth surface. Since the target particle size was less than 200 μm, a rotary disk atomizer was adopted and a slurry was chosen as the spray liquid. When 5-aminosalicylic acid used as a model drug, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and sodium chloride were added in the slurry and was spray dried, the desired size of particles were obtained. Then, the obtained particles were coated with an enteric polymer, no dissolution of the drug in the 1st solution was observed, indicating no disruption occurred during coating.
A Multimodal Intervention to Reduce C. difficile Infections and Stool Testing
Authors: Cotter Jillian M. , Stokes Claire L. , Tong Suhong , Birkholz Meghan , Child Jason , Cost Carrye , Coughlin Rebecca , Cox Stephanie , Dolan Susan A. , Dorris Kathleen , Hazleton Keith Z. , Lugo Virginia , Norcross Mikayla , Pearce Kelly , Dominguez Samuel R.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The introduction of multiplex gastrointestinal panels at our institution resulted in increased Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) detection and stool test utilization. We aimed to reduce hospital-onset C. difficile infections (HO-CDIs), C. difficile detection, and overall stool testing by 20% within 1 year.

METHODS

We conducted a quality improvement project from 2018 to 2020 at a large children’s hospital. Interventions included development of a C. difficile testing and treatment clinical care pathway, new options for gastrointestinal panel testing with or without C. difficile (results were suppressed if not ordered), clinical decision support tool to restrict testing, and targeted prevention efforts. Outcomes included the rate of HO-CDI (primary), C. difficile detection, and overall stool testing. All measures were evaluated monthly among hospitalized children per 10 000 patient-days (PDs) using statistical process-control charts. For balancing measures, we tracked suppressed C. difficile results that were released during real-time monitoring because of concern for true infection and C. difficile-related adverse events.

RESULTS

HO-CDI decreased by 55%, from 11 to 5 per 10 000 PDs. C. difficile detection decreased by 44%, from 18 to 10 per 10 000 PDs, and overall test utilization decreased by 29%, from 99 to 70 per 10 000 PDs. The decrease in stool tests resulted in annual savings of $55 649. Only 2.3% of initially suppressed positive C. difficile results were released, and no patients had adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnostic stewardship strategies, coupled with an evidence-based clinical care pathway, can be used to decrease C. difficile and improve overall test utilization.
Oxidative stress and disruption of the antioxidant defense system as triggers of diseases
Authors: Skoryk O. D. , Horila M. V.
Published: February 2024

Oxidative stress is a state when the content of free radicals in a living organism is excessive. Molecules of free radical nature start a chain reaction that disrupts the integrity of cells, leading to their damage or death. The article examines the issue of intensification of oxidative stress processes and changes in the antioxidant defense system during the occurrence, development, and treatment of diseases of various etiologies. The principles of antioxidant/prooxidant balance regulation at the physiological and biochemical levels in living organisms are discussed. It was determined that the phenomenon of oxidative stress, as a completely special type of stress, is mediated by free radicals that have a destructive effect on the membranes of living cells. Free radical molecules are damaging agents for nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. The leading role in biological systems is played by oxygen free radicals, namely superoxide anion. The system of antioxidant protection, which prevents the harmful effects of oxidative stress on living organisms, is described in detail. The work describes the components of the antioxidant protection system, such as electron acceptors – vitamins E and K3; acceptors of superoxide radical anions – methionine, cysteine; scavengers of hydroxyl radicals – aliphatic alcohols; factors for detoxification of toxic products of lipid peroxidation, tocopherol, ionol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase system, chelators of metals with variable valence (complexons) and others. According to the nature and mechanism of action, antioxidant protection agents are divided into hydrophilic and hydrophobic, enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase system, glutathione, ascorbic acid, adrenaline, serotonin, tocopherols, retinoids, flavonoids, phospholipids, ceruloplasmin) and non-enzymatic factors. It is noted that in the human body, oxidative stress is the cause or an important component of many serious diseases, such as oncological pathologies, neurodegenerative processes (atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as aging. Although in some cases, oxidative stress can act as a protective mechanism in the body. Thus, the human immune system uses oxidative stress to fight pathogens, and some reactive oxygen species can serve as mediators in signal transmission during the immune response. Therefore, the biochemical mechanism of the development of many diseases of different etiology is closely related to disturbances in the antioxidant defense system and the occurrence of oxidative stress.
Analysis of the relationship between China's direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe and trade
Authors: Song Wenxuan
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) by assessing their impact on the economies of both the CEECs and China. By analyzing this connection, the paper seeks to gain insights into the economic dynamics and potential benefits derived from investment and trade activities between China and the countries in this region. The paper employs a regression model to examine the influence of foreign direct investment on trade with data from 2008 to 2022. The findings indicate that a one percentage point increase in China's OFDI corresponds to a 0.054 percent boost in bilateral trade between China and the 16 CEECs. In conclusion, the findings highlight a significant link between OFDI in CEECs and bilateral trade. OFDI opens up new trade opportunities and fosters economic growth in CEECs, thereby promoting the development of bilateral trade. Additionally, Chinese investment drives industrial upgrading and structural adjustments in CEECs, enhancing the competitiveness of bilateral trade.
Experimental investigation of the sonic velocity in historical masonry walls
Authors: Dormany Andras , Orban Zoltan
Published: February 2024

The structural assessment of historical buildings poses a significant challenge for engineers. However, when it comes to historical structures, more commonly used and reliable destructive testing may not always be viable. Instead, non-destructive testing has gained prominence, encompassing techniques like the Schmidt hammer test, georadar, and sonic-based tests.

In this paper, the viability of employing sonic testing on historical masonry structures was investigated. This study involves using the measured sonic velocities to identify voids and solid parts within masonry walls. In addition, the purpose is to determine the compressive strength of both mortar and brick constituents and to analyze the effects of moisture and compressive stress on the propagation velocity of waves.
Behavior of steel beam section under warping using BIM program
Authors: Al Mosawi Ammar Jalil
Published: February 2024

Warping not only one of the most important phenomena in steel section it is also considered as the most complicated phenomena. Ductility, bearing capacity and serviceability of steel sections may affect by increasing stress concentration of the normal stresses due to warping. In the present work, simulation of steel beam section under effect of warping is studied. Two cantilevers connected to two columns in opposite sides with a middle steel beam-column connection to create different moments on the beam to investigate the behavior of steel section under warping using building information modeling. It is found that the stress strain relationship has four groups depending on the load intensity and the angle of rotation induced due to warping.
Comparative analysis of microchannel heat sinks for thermal performance enhancement
Authors: Jawad Dhay Abd Al Hasan , Ahmed Sahib Shihab
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the thermal performance of side divergence and uniform micro-channel heat sinks by comparing and contrasting them. Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in these micro-channel configurations were studied using computational fluid dynamics simulations employing ANSYS Fluent 2017 code for this purpose. Laminar flow through micro-channels with a Reynolds number of 207 was the subject of the investigation. The goal is to determine how side divergence affects heat dissipation efficiency concerning traditional uniform micro-channels. The results showed that the best divergence ratio is 1.5 that achieved the highest performance. The study also revealed that side divergence micro-channel heat sinks can achieve thermal performance up to 14% higher than uniform micro-channel heat sinks.
Model factor for patch loading resistance of steel plated structures
Authors: Bärnkopf Erzsébet , Kövesdi Balázs Géza
Published: February 2024

Direct resistance check by applying advanced numerical models is getting increasingly used for the design of steel slender plated structures. This method has to take into account the same uncertainties as traditional analytical design calculations and should ensure the Eurocode-based prescribed safety level. The application of the model factor gives the possibility to account for the model-related uncertainties. The current study focuses on the determination of the model factor for one specific failure mode, the patch loading resistance. Numerical model has been developed and validated based on laboratory test results. To evaluate the model uncertainties, physically possible modeling differences are introduced, and their effects are evaluated on the resistance. The final aim of the study is to determine the model factor for the analyzed girder type and failure mode based on statistical evaluation.
Impact of wall roughness elements type and height on heat transfer inside a cavity
Authors: Omle Issa , Askar Ali Habeeb , Kovács Endre
Published: February 2024

This work investigates the effect of two wall roughness types, triangular and circular, on convection and radiation heat transfer in a small space. The ANSYS Fluent is used to do thermal and dynamic modeling; the left wall is warmer than the right one. The upper and lower walls are adiabatic. The Nusselt numbers are compared in all cases and for two Rayleigh values, which change based on the cavity's characteristic length. The results show temperature contours and Nusselt curves. It was observed that the roughness had a strong effect on the air's thermal behavior inside the cavity, where the Nusselt decreased in both roughness cases, especially at small heights. However, the largest decrease is in the triangular case and for angles less than 90°. For 72°, Nusselt is 13.32 and 6% less than smooth and circular cases respectively.
Optimisation of synthesis procedures and structural investigation of monazite-cheralite solid solutions
Authors: Lender Theresa , dos Santos Luiza Braga Ferreira , Gericke Robert , Huittinen Nina , Peters Lars
Published: February 2024

The monazite-cheralite solid solutions LnPO4-Ca0.5Th0.5PO4 with Ln = La, Gd were prepared via a co-precipitation route, showcasing an optimised, scalable synthesis procedure for a possible waste form accommodating high level liquid waste streams. A distortion of the cheralite structure with respect to the monazite structure was observed throughout both solid solutions as evidenced by a deviation of the lattice parameters from the linear behaviour known from other monazite solid solutions. Using a high temperature flux method, cheralite single crystals were grown for the first time for in-depth structural investigations. Both thorium and calcium were found to deviate from the central position of the LnO9 polyhedron, supporting previous neutron diffraction investigations of identical cheralite samples.

Graphical Abstract
Jewish Radicals: Zionism Confronts the New Left, 1967–1973 A Comparative Look: Afterword
Authors: Goldberg Chad Allen
Published: February 2024

In the early nineteenth century, sociologist Viktor Karády argues, there were two main courses of action available for Jews: forward toward emancipation, reform, and assimilation, or backward toward tradition.1 However, by the end of the century, historical developments were sowing serious doubts among the Jews in Europe about the viability of either course of action. These developments included the dire poverty in which large numbers of Jews in Eastern Europe seemed to be intractably mired, concerns about the dilemmas and paradoxes of assimilation in Western Europe, and the rise of an increasingly virulent antisemitism across Europe from the 1870s onward, even in those countries where (as Karády notes) “assimilation had seemed to be proceeding with the greatest success.”2 New Jewish identity strategies and choices proliferated at the turn of the century as Jewish intellectuals began to rethink their previous commitments and proposed a range of new solutions to the Jewish Question. These new options went beyond the simple binary choice of assimilation or tradition; they now included “leftist and revolutionary universalistic utopias (socialism and Communism),” on the one hand, and Jewish nationalism, on the other hand.3 Although orthodox Marxists generally refused to see the Jewish Question as a national question, some Jewish thinkers began to forge creative syntheses of socialism and Jewish nationalism.4 This political project, in which the Marxist-Zionist theoretician and activist Ber Borochov (1881–1917) played an important role, led to the formation of the Marxist-Zionist Poale Zion (Workers of Zion) movement (for which Borochov wrote the 1906 platform) and the socialist Zionist youth movement Hashomer Hatza’ir (Young Guard) in the early decades of the twentieth century. These groups were the ideological and organizational predecessors of Israel’s Mapam (United Workers) Party, founded in 1948. As the articles in this volume demonstrate, this ideological and organizational work remained consequential after World War II, acquiring renewed relevance for later generations of Jews in France, Argentina, the United States, and Israel during the political and social turmoil of the 1960s.
Exploring the Tradeoff Between System Profit and Income Equality Among Ride-hailing Drivers
Authors: Xu Evan Yifan , Xu Pan
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the income inequality among rideshare drivers resulting from discriminatory cancellations by riders, considering the impact of demographic factors such as gender, age, and race. We investigate the tradeoff between income inequality, referred to as the fairness objective, and system efficiency, known as the profit objective. To address this issue, we propose an online bipartite-matching model that captures the sequential arrival of riders according to a known distribution. The model incorporates the notion of acceptance rates between driver-rider types, which are defined based on demographic characteristics. Specifically, we analyze the probabilities of riders accepting or canceling their assigned drivers, reflecting the level of acceptance between different rider and driver types. We construct a bi-objective linear program as a valid benchmark and propose two LP-based parameterized online algorithms. Rigorous analysis of online competitive ratios is conducted to illustrate the flexibility and efficiency of our algorithms in achieving a balance between fairness and profit. Furthermore, we present experimental results based on real-world and synthetic datasets, validating the theoretical predictions put forth in our study.
Ecological Continuum and Discontinuum in the River - Nuclear Power Station Cooling Pond System
Authors: Protasov A. A. , Novosolova T. M. , Hromova Yu. F.
Published: February 2024

The paper is dealt with the study of some peculiarities of phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure in the river - Nuclear Power Station (NPS)
cooling pond system. The river flowing into the cooling pond is the main source of its water supply. Plankton structure in this system was considered from the standpoint of the continuum concept of three types: continuum of indistinguishability, gradient, and metameric continuum. It has been shown that in the watercourse, including several lentic elements represented by ponds, plankton structure was discrete-continuous, whereas in the cooling pond it was continuous.
The metameric continuum was typical to phytoplankton of lentic sections of river system (ponds and estuaries). The continuity index (Ic) was put forward for
the quantitative assessment of the ecological continuum.
Integrated Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Kidney Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Ka , Kan Hao , Mao Aiqin , Yu Fan , Geng Li , Zhou Tingting , Feng Lei , Ma Xin
Published: February 2024

Key Points

We created a comprehensive reference atlas of normal human kidney endothelial cells.

We confirmed that endothelial cell types in the human kidney were also highly conserved in the mouse kidney.

Background

Kidney endothelial cells are exposed to different microenvironmental conditions that support specific physiologic processes. However, the heterogeneity of human kidney endothelial cells has not yet been systematically described.

Methods

We reprocessed and integrated seven human kidney control single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing datasets of >200,000 kidney cells in the same process.

Results

We identified five major cell types, 29,992 of which were endothelial cells. Endothelial cell reclustering identified seven subgroups that differed in molecular characteristics and physiologic functions. Mapping new data to a normal kidney endothelial cell atlas allows rapid data annotation and analysis. We confirmed that endothelial cell types in the human kidney were also highly conserved in the mouse kidney and identified endothelial marker genes that were conserved in humans and mice, as well as differentially expressed genes between corresponding subpopulations. Furthermore, combined analysis of single-cell transcriptome data with public genome-wide association study data showed a significant enrichment of endothelial cells, especially arterial endothelial cells, in BP heritability. Finally, we identified M1 and M12 from coexpression networks in endothelial cells that may be deeply involved in BP regulation.

Conclusions

We created a comprehensive reference atlas of normal human kidney endothelial cells that provides the molecular foundation for understanding how the identity and function of kidney endothelial cells are altered in disease, aging, and between species. Finally, we provide a publicly accessible online tool to explore the datasets described in this work (https://vascularmap.jiangnan.edu.cn).
Collective Versus Individual Influence at Work Procedural Autonomy, Individual Arrangements, and Intention to Leave Work in the Eldercare Sector
Authors: Håkansson Helena , Hasselgren Caroline , Dellve Lotta
Published: February 2024

This study examines the importance of different forms of influence on the work situation for counteracting intentions to leave work among older employees working in the public eldercare sector in Sweden. We particularly study the importance of procedural autonomy and individual arrangements on intention to leave. Procedural autonomy, i.e., the possibility to adjust the workday temporarily without negotiation, is contrasted with individually negotiated arrangements made with a supervisor or manager. The relation between occupational position and the different forms of influence was also controlled for. The article is based on a survey directed to employees aged 55–70 years working in the public eldercare sector in one municipality in Sweden (n=769) and analyzed with structural equation modelling. The results show low intentions to leave, and that procedural autonomy and possibilities for making individual arrangements regarding financial incentives have a negative association with intention to leave. The prevalence of individual arrangements differs depending on class position and the specific arrangement. Flexible schedules and financial incentives are less possible to influence for employees in lower-grade occupational class positions whereas employees in a higher-grade service class position had lower opportunities for making task and work arrangements. Finally, financial incentives are slightly more important than procedural autonomy for intentions to leave, but it is also the only individual arrangement affecting intention to leave.
FORMATION OF STUDENTS' COMPOTENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS THROUGH THE TEACHING OF WORKS BY CH.AITMATOVA
Authors:   Osh State University, Kurbanalieva Zhypara
Published: February 2024

This article describes the importance of studying a work of art in the formation of students ' competencies in higher education in accordance with the requirements of modern education. Offered in the curriculum for a specific problem solution Ch.Aitmatov's works speak about various themes, subtexts, symbols and ideas of the author. Each student should accept the problem and, through their personal understanding, invite students to use the work of art as a means of stimulating themselves to learn . He carries out a scientific and theoretical analysis of the place of this discipline in the pedagogical process in order to realize the development of the student's established competencies and the ability to use them. The science of Pedagogy and pedagogical psychology note that in order to achieve the desired result in accordance with the set goal in education, training, the most important didactic condition, controversial, is the creation of students ' interest in a given topic.
CONCEPTUAL MEANINGS OF THE WORD "HAPPINESS" IN THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Aydralieva Alima
Published: February 2024

In this article, we have analyzed the conceptual meaning of the term “happiness”. In any happy and pleasant situation for the Kyrgyz people, the first thing they bless is "to be happy" and "to give happiness." Wealth, especially for a girl. They want more happiness than power. For the Kyrgyz, a happy person is a healthy, successful, humane person who serves people, even if he has little money. It was concluded that the term "happiness" has several conceptual meanings, in other words, the most important thing in the Kyrgyz people is not a materially rich, well-to-do person, but a person with good health, strong family and happy children.
ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬСКОЕ ИСКУССТВО М. ОМУРКАНОВОЙ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «ЭТНОСОЛЬФЕДЖИО» В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ
Authors:   Kyrgyz National Conservatory named after K. Moldobasanov, Abetekova Altynay
Published: February 2024

Song creativity of M. Omurkanova is one of the original phenomenon in the context of the кyrgyz traditional music art, different by the authenticity and purity of the musical style. The article provides an example of using note-transcripts of songs from her repertoire as a basis for creating a universal musical manual for the "Ethno solfeggio" subject as one of the mechanisms for preserving traditional music in modern Kyrgyzstan. This problem is relevant for the culture and art of many indigenous peoples in the 21st century. The work presents the results of this manual development, where, in addition to the note-transcripts of M. Omurkanova’s songs we added music pieces from the other great kyrgyz authors and performers of various genres. The article considers goals of this manual, the structure, its target audience, the analysis of selected music pieces and recommendations to use.