bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children and Snakebite: Snake Venom Effects on Adult and Paediatric Plasma
Authors: Zdenek Christina N. , Rodrigues Caroline F. B. , Bourke Lachlan A. , Tanaka-Azevedo Anita Mitico , Monagle Paul , Fry Bryan G.
Published: February 2023

Snakebite is a globally neglected tropical disease, with coagulation disturbances being the primary pathology of many deadly snake venoms. Age-related differences in human plasma have been abundantly reported, yet the effect that these differences pose regarding snakebite is largely unknown. We tested for differences in coagulotoxic effects (via clotting time) of multiple snake venoms upon healthy human adult (18+) and paediatric (median 3.3 years old) plasma in vivo and compared these effects to the time it takes the plasmas to clot without the addition of venom (the spontaneous clotting time). We tested venoms from 15 medically significant snake species (from 13 genera) from around the world with various mechanisms of coagulotoxic actions, across the three broad categories of procoagulant, pseudo-procoagulant, and anticoagulant, to identify any differences between the two plasmas in their relative pathophysiological vulnerability to snakebite. One procoagulant venom (Daboia russelii, Russell’s Viper) produced significantly greater potency on paediatric plasma compared with adult plasma. In contrast, the two anticoagulant venoms (Pseudechis australis, Mulga Snake; and Bitis cornuta, Many-horned Adder) were significantly more potent on adult plasma. All other procoagulant venoms and all pseudo-procoagulant venoms displayed similar potency across both plasmas. Our preliminary results may inform future studies on the effect of snake venoms upon plasmas from different age demographics and hope to reduce the burden of snakebite upon society.
Harnessing the Power of Venomous Animal-Derived Toxins against COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Isadora , Ferreira Isabela , Jacob Beatriz , Cardenas Kiara , Cerni Felipe , Baia-da-Silva Djane , Arantes Eliane , Monteiro Wuelton , Pucca Manuela
Published: February 2023

Animal-derived venoms are complex mixtures of toxins triggering important biological effects during envenomings. Although venom-derived toxins are known for their potential of causing harm to victims, toxins can also act as pharmacological agents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was observed an increase in in-depth studies on antiviral agents, and since, to date, there has been no completely effective drug against the global disease. This review explores the crosstalk of animal toxins and COVID-19, aiming to map potential therapeutic agents derived from venoms (e.g., bees, snakes, scorpions, etc.) targeting COVID-19.
Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction as a Novelty Sample Treatment for the Determination of the Main Aflatoxins in Paprika
Authors: García-Nicolás María , Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia , Viñas Pilar
Published: February 2023

Dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) technique is proposed as a new sensitive and effective sample treatment method for the determination of aflatoxins in paprika samples. DMSPE was followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-HRMS) using a non-targeted acquisition mode for the detection of main aflatoxins (aflatoxin G1, G2, B1 and B2) and derivatives. DMSPE was based on the use of magnetic nanocomposite coated with polypyrrole (PPy) polymer and the main experimental parameters influencing the extraction efficiency in adsorption and desorption steps have been studied and optimized. Analyses were performed using 250 µL magnetic PPy nanocomposite into the sample solution, adsorbing the analytes in 30 min and desorbing them with ethyl acetate (2 mL) in 15 min. The method has been validated, obtaining quantification limits between 3.5 and 4.7 µg kg−1 and recoveries between 89.5–97.7%. The high recovery rate, wide detection range and the use for the first time of the reusable Fe3O4@PPy nanomaterial in suspension for solid food matrices, guarantee the usefulness of the method developed for adequate control of aflatoxins levels in paprika. The proposed methodology was applied for the analysis of 31 samples (conventional and organic) revealing the absence of aflatoxins in the samples.
Development and Optimization of an Unbiased, Metagenomics-Based Pathogen Detection Workflow for Infectious Disease and Biosurveillance Applications
Authors: Parker Kyle , Wood Hillary , Russell Joseph A. , Yarmosh David , Shteyman Alan , Bagnoli John , Knight Brittany , Aspinwall Jacob R. , Jacobs Jonathan , Werking Kristine , Winegar Richard
Published: February 2023

Rapid, specific, and sensitive identification of microbial pathogens is critical to infectious disease diagnosis and surveillance. Classical culture-based methods can be applied to a broad range of pathogens but have long turnaround times. Molecular methods, such as PCR, are time-effective but are not comprehensive and may not detect novel strains. Metagenomic shotgun next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises specific identification and characterization of any pathogen (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) in a less biased way. Despite its great potential, NGS has yet to be widely adopted by clinical microbiology laboratories due in part to the absence of standardized workflows. Here, we describe a sample-to-answer workflow called PanGIA (Pan-Genomics for Infectious Agents) that includes simplified, standardized wet-lab procedures and data analysis with an easy-to-use bioinformatics tool. PanGIA is an end-to-end, multi-use workflow that can be used for pathogen detection and related applications, such as biosurveillance and biothreat detection. We performed a comprehensive survey and assessment of current, commercially available wet-lab technologies and open-source bioinformatics tools for each workflow component. The workflow includes total nucleic acid extraction from clinical human whole blood and environmental microbial forensic swabs as sample inputs, host nucleic acid depletion, dual DNA and RNA library preparation, shotgun sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq, and sequencing data analysis. The PanGIA workflow can be completed within 24 h and is currently compatible with bacteria and viruses. Here, we present data from the development and application of the clinical and environmental workflows, enabling the specific detection of pathogens associated with bloodstream infections and environmental biosurveillance, without the need for targeted assay development.
Characterization of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated in the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 Influenza Seasons in Japan
Authors: Soga Takuma , Duong Calvin , Pattinson David , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Tokita Akifumi , Izumida Naomi , Nishino Tamon , Hagiwara Haruhisa , Wada Noriyuki , Miyamoto Yumi , Kuroki Haruo , Hayashi Yuka , Seki Masafumi , Kasuya Natsuko , Koga Michiko , Adachi Eisuke , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Yamayoshi Seiya , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: February 2023

The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus that emerged in 2009 causes seasonal epidemic worldwide. The virus acquired several amino acid substitutions that were responsible for antigenic drift until the 2018–2019 influenza season. Viruses possessing mutations in the NA and PA proteins that cause reduced susceptibility to NA inhibitors and baloxavir marboxil, respectively, have been detected after antiviral treatment, albeit infrequently. Here, we analyzed HA, NA, and PA sequences derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that were isolated during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 influenza seasons in Japan. We found that A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses possessing the D187A and Q189E substitutions in HA emerged and dominated during the 2019–2020 season; these substitutions in the antigenic site Sb, a high potency neutralizing antibody-eliciting site for humans, changed the antigenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Furthermore, we found that isolates possessing the N156K substitution, which was predicted to affect the antigenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus at the laboratory level, were detected at a frequency of 1.0% in the 2018–2019 season but 10.1% in the 2019–2020 season. These findings indicate that two kinds of antigenically drifted viruses—N156K and D187A/Q189E viruses—co-circulated during the 2019–2020 influenza season in Japan.
R-DOTAP Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Outperform Squalene-Based Adjuvant Systems in Elicitation of CD4 T Cells after Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Vaccination
Authors: Henson Thomas R. , Richards Katherine A. , Gandhapudi Siva K. , Woodward Jerold G. , Sant Andrea J.
Published: February 2023

It is clear that new approaches are needed to promote broadly protective immunity to viral pathogens, particularly those that are prone to mutation and escape from antibody-mediated immunity. Prototypic pathogens of this type are influenza and SARS-CoV-2, where the receptor-binding protein exhibits extremely high variability in its receptor-binding regions. T cells, known to target many viral proteins, and within these, highly conserved peptide epitopes, can contribute greatly to protective immunity through multiple mechanisms but are often poorly recruited by current vaccine strategies. Here, we have studied a promising novel pure enantio-specific cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (R-DOTAP), which was previously recognized for its ability to generate anti-tumor immunity through the induction of potent cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Using a preclinical mouse model, we have assessed an R-DOTAP nanoparticle adjuvant system for its ability to promote CD4 T cell responses to vaccination with recombinant influenza protein. Our studies revealed that R-DOTAP consistently outperformed a squalene-based adjuvant emulsion, even when it was introduced with a potent TLR agonist CpG, in the ability to elicit peptide epitope-specific CD4 T cells when quantified by IFN-γ and IL-2 ELISpot assays. Clinical testing of R-DOTAP containing vaccines in earlier work by others has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Hence, R-DOTAP can offer exciting opportunities as an immune stimulant for next-generation prophylactic recombinant protein-based vaccines.
COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Lichenoid Eruptions—Clinical and Histopathologic Spectrum in a Case Series of Fifteen Patients with Review of the Literature
Authors: Sapadin Yonatan K. , Mermelstein Elazar , Phelps Robert G. , Basler Christopher F. , Tufariello JoAnn M. , Lebwohl Mark G.
Published: February 2023

Lichen planus is a distinctive mucocutaneous disease with well-established clinical and histopathologic criteria. Lichenoid eruptions closely resemble lichen planus and may sometimes be indistinguishable from it. Systemic agents previously associated have included medications, viral infections and vaccines. Sporadic case reports of lichen planus and lichenoid reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines have recently emerged. Herein, we review the world literature (31 patients) and expand it with a case series of 15 patients who presented with vaccine-induced lichenoid eruption (V-ILE). The spectrum of clinical and histopathologic findings is discussed with emphasis on the subset whose lesions manifested in embryologic fusion lines termed lines of Blaschko. This rare Blaschkoid distribution appeared in seven of the 46 patients studied. Of interest, all seven were linked to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We believe that all lichenoid eruptions should be approached with a heightened index of suspicion and patients should be specifically questioned with regards to their vaccination history. When diagnosed early in its course, V-ILE is easily treated and resolves quickly in almost all patients with or without hyperpigmentation. Additional investigative studies regarding its immunopathology and inflammatory signaling pathways may offer insight into other Th1-driven autoimmune phenomena related to COVID-19 vaccination.
Differential COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Associated Factors among the Slum and Estate Communities in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey
Authors: Kawuki Joseph , Nambooze Joweria , Chan Paul Shing-fong , Chen Siyu , Liang Xue , Mo Phoenix K. H. , Wang Zixin
Published: February 2023

Vaccination against COVID-19 remains one of the ultimate solutions to the ongoing pandemic. This study examined and compared the completion of primary COVID-19 vaccination series and associated factors in the slum and estate communities of Uganda. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 1025 slum and estate residents. Logistic regression models were fitted. Of the 1025 participants, 511 were slum residents and 514 were estate residents. Completion of COVID-19 vaccination was 43.8% in the slum community and 39.9% in the estate community (p = 0.03). Having more knowledge about COVID-19 was positively associated with completing COVID-19 vaccination in both communities. Perceived benefits and cues to action also had a positive association, but only among the slum residents. However, perceiving people infected with COVID-19 as having a high death rate, perceived barriers such as serious side effects and long distances, and depressive symptoms had negative associations with vaccine uptake among the slum community, but not in the estate community. Addressing barriers to vaccination, strengthening and utilizing the various cues to action, engagement of religious and cultural leaders, and continued community education and sensitization tailored to the needs of each community are potentially vital strategies in raising vaccination rates. Consideration of socioeconomic impact-alleviation strategies, especially among the urban poor, would also be beneficial.
Cognitive and Behavioral Factors Predicting the Decision to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in Clinical Psychiatric Population—A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Marcu Gabriela Mariana , Radu Ana Maria , Bucuță Mihaela Dana , Fleacă Radu Sorin , Tanasescu Ciprian , Roman Mihai Dan , Boicean Adrian , Bacilă Ciprian Ionuț
Published: February 2023

The spread of the COVID-19 virus created more than a medical crisis, while it also negatively affected the mental health of the general population. This context increased the vulnerability of the psychiatric population. While research interest highly targeted vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, many studies focused on trust issues—both in vaccine efficacy and in communication with authorities. Less is known about the psychological underpinnings of the COVID vaccination decision, specifically in the high-uncertainty circumstances due to the novelty of the virus. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the predictive value of several cognitive (perceived risk, vulnerability, uncertainty, and trust in one’s decision) and behavioral (previous vaccinations, social media use, and practicing preventive behavior) factors, for the vaccination decision against COVID-19, for 252 psychiatric inpatients (data collected between September 2021 and February 2022). Demographics and diagnostics were also considered. We found a significant relationship between the “Perceived risk of vaccination” and the choice of vaccination (χ2(2, N = 252) = 58.59, p ≤ 0.001), and between the “Trust in own decision to vaccinate” and the decision to vaccinate (χ2(2, N = 252) = 31,5, p ≤ 0.001). The overall regression model was statistically significant (χ2 (9, N = 252) = 97.1, p < 0.001), with between 30% and 45% of the variance in the odds of a positive decision explained by the predictor set. The model coefficients analysis showed that an individual with a psychiatric disorder but with higher confidence in their decision had significant (p < 0.001) increased odds of the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 by 893%. A former voluntary vaccination did not significantly associate with the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 (χ2(1, N = 252) = 2.74, p > 0.05) in this special population. No other behavioral factors, diagnosis, or demographics were significant as predictors, for the clinical psychiatric population surveyed, except the educational level. Implications for future vaccination acceptance of this special population are discussed.
HPV Vaccination Adherence in Working-Age Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Amantea Carlotta , Foschi Nazario , Gavi Filippo , Borrelli Ivan , Rossi Maria Francesca , Spuntarelli Valerio , Russo Pierluigi , Gualano Maria Rosaria , Santoro Paolo Emilio , Moscato Umberto
Published: February 2023

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection in the world. HPV vaccination adherence rates in men are generally lower than in women. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess adherence to HPV vaccination in young working-age males (18–30 years old). Methods: A systematic review was performed using three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: After duplicate removal, the initial search resulted in 478 eligible papers. With the exclusion of 425 papers after screening the abstracts, full texts of 53 articles were reviewed. Subsequently, 45 were excluded. Among the eight studies included, four (50%) examined the vaccination adherence in young adults through data registered in nationwide insurance or private companies’ databases, three (37.5%) in young adults in different settings through data collected from surveys and questionnaires, and one (12.5%) an HPV vaccination campaign in a family medicine residency practice. Conclusion: Adherence to HPV vaccination in men of working age (18–30 years) does not appear to be adequate (pooled prevalence 11%). In order to achieve a higher level of compliance, it is important to place an emphasis on vaccination campaigns in schools as well as in the workplace, after consultation with and approval from local, regional, and federal public health agencies.
B-Cell Epitope Mapping of the Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Vaccine Candidate GMZ2.6c in a Naturally Exposed Population of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Baptista Barbara de Oliveira , Souza Ana Beatriz Lopes de , Oliveira Luana Santos de , Souza Hugo Amorim dos Santos de , Barros Jenifer Peixoto de , Queiroz Lucas Tavares de , Souza Rodrigo Medeiros de , Amoah Linda Eva , Singh Susheel Kumar , Theisen Michael , Rodrigues-da-Silva Rodrigo Nunes , Riccio Evelyn Kety Pratt , Totino Paulo Renato Rivas , Lima-Junior Josué da Costa , Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu , Pratt-Riccio Lilian Rose
Published: February 2023

The GMZ2.6c malaria vaccine candidate is a multi-stage P. falciparum chimeric protein that contains a fragment of the sexual-stage Pfs48/45-6C protein genetically fused to GMZ2, an asexual-stage vaccine construction consisting of the N-terminal region of the glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) and the C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein-3 (MSP-3). Previous studies showed that GMZ2.6c is widely recognized by antibodies from Brazilian exposed individuals and that its components are immunogenic in natural infection by P. falciparum. In addition, anti-GMZ2.6c antibodies increase with exposure to infection and may contribute to parasite immunity. Therefore, identifying epitopes of proteins recognized by antibodies may be an important tool for understanding protective immunity. Herein, we identify and validate the B-cell epitopes of GMZ2.6c as immunogenic and immunodominant in individuals exposed to malaria living in endemic areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Specific IgG antibodies and subclasses against MSP-3, GLURP, and Pfs48/45 epitopes were detected by ELISA using synthetic peptides corresponding to B-cell epitopes previously described for MSP-3 and GLURP or identified by BepiPred for Pfs48/45. The results showed that the immunodominant epitopes were P11 from GLURP and MSP-3c and DG210 from MSP-3. The IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses were preferentially induced against these epitopes, supporting previous studies that these proteins are targets for cytophilic antibodies, important for the acquisition of protective immunity. Most individuals presented detectable IgG antibodies against Pfs48/45a and/or Pfs48/45b, validating the prediction of linear B-cell epitopes. The higher frequency and antibody levels against different epitopes from GLURP, MSP-3, and Pfs48/45 provide additional information that may suggest the relevance of GMZ2.6c as a multi-stage malaria vaccine candidate.
Impact of Selected Bacterial and Viral Toll-like Receptor Agonists on the Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Neutrophils
Authors: Hussen Jamal , Alkuwayti Mayyadah Abdullah , Falemban Baraa , Alhojaily Sameer M. , Adwani Salma Al , Hassan El Awad El , Al-Mubarak Abdullah IA
Published: February 2023

Innate recognition of pathogens depends on the interaction between microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in host cells. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are among the most important PRRs being expressed on and in a wide range of immune cell types. Studies on the interaction mechanisms between different pathogen species and the immune system of the dromedary camel are still scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of synthetic bacterial and viral TLR ligands on some phenotypic properties and selected functions of neutrophils purified from dromedary camel blood. Neutrophils were separated from camel blood (n = five animals) and were stimulated in vitro with the TLR ligands LPS, Pam3CSK4, R848 (Resiquimod), and Poly IC or were left without stimulation. Stimulation with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was used as a positive control stimulation. Shape change, phagocytosis activity, ROS production, the expression of cell surface markers, and cell vitality were compared between stimulated and non-stimulated cells. With exception of the TLR3 agonist Poly IC, all TLR ligands used showed the potential to stimulate camel neutrophils resulting in increased cell size and the upregulation of CD18 and CD14 on their surface. Similarly, the phagocytosis activity of camel neutrophils was significantly improved after priming with all TLR ligands, except Poly IC, which, in contrast, resulted in a reduced percentage of phagocytosis-positive cells. In contrast to stimulation with PMA, which induced a significant ROS production in camel neutrophils, none of the TLR ligands used stimulated ROS generation in neutrophils. Only stimulation with Pam3CSK4 increased the expression of MHCII molecules on camel neutrophils, resulting in an expanded MHCIIhigh fraction within camel neutrophils. Our study indicates selective immunomodulating effects of TLR agonists on purified camel neutrophils without affecting their vitality.
Detection of Lymphoid Markers (CD3 and PAX5) for Immunophenotyping in Dogs and Cats: Comparison of Stained Cytology Slides and Matched Cell Blocks
Authors: Sampaio Filipe , Marrinhas Carla , Fonte Oliveira Luísa , Malhão Fernanda , Lopes Célia , Gregório Hugo , Correia-Gomes Carla , Marcos Ricardo , Caniatti Mario , Santos Marta
Published: February 2023

Immunolabeling on Romanowsky-stained cytology (RSC) slides can be used, although there is limited evidence of its suitability for phenotyping canine and feline lymphomas. A comparison with matched cell blocks (CB) is missing. Immunolabeling on RSC and CB was compared for lymphoid markers (CD3 and PAX5) in 53 lymphomas and 4 chylous effusions from dogs and cats. The influence of pre-analytical variables (species, time of archive, type of specimens and coverslipping) and the interobserver agreement among the 2 observers was assessed. Fewer CD3+ lymphocytes were identified in RSC, while the PAX5 positivity by RSC and CB had a substantial agreement. Immunodetection of CD3 and the diagnosis of a T-cell population on RSC was more difficult. Lower intensity and higher background were noted in RSC. Immunophenotyping was inconclusive in 54% RSC and 19% CB. The interobserver reproducibility of immunophenotyping on CB was substantial, being higher than in RSC. The immunolabeling performance on the RSC of effusion and feline samples was unsatisfactory. The detection of lymphoid markers, especially membranous antigens in retrospective RSC, is affected by the pre-analytical variables: species, time of the archive, and type of specimens. CB are a more consistent type of sample for immunophenotyping purposes.
Use of Laryngeal Mask and Anesthetic Management in Hamadryas Baboons (Papio hamadryas) Undergoing Laparoscopic Salpingectomy—A Case Series
Authors: Scardia Annalaura , Laricchiuta Pietro , Stabile Marzia , Acquafredda Claudia , Lacitignola Luca , Uva Annamaria , Crovace Antonio , Staffieri Francesco
Published: February 2023

The study aims to describe the anesthetic and airway management of baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device. Eleven baboons received tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine; anesthesia was induced with propofol. An LMA was positioned for oxygen and isoflurane administration in spontaneous respiration. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), minute volume (MV), and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before (PREPP) and immediately after abdomen insufflation (PP1), at 10 (PP2), 20 (PP3), and 30 (PP4) minutes during pneumoperitoneum, and after (POSTPP) pneumoperitoneum. The respiratory rate was significantly higher at all times compared to PREPP. The end tidal carbon dioxide concentration was significantly higher at PP2, PP3, PP4, and POSTPP, compared to the previous times. The higher values for RR and EtCO2 were registered at PP4: 22.7 (95% CI 17.6–27.8) breaths/min and 57.9 (95% CI 51.9–63.8) mmHg, respectively. The minute volume was significantly higher at PP4 and POSTPP compared to the other times. The higher value for MV was registered at POSTPP (269.1 (95% CI 206.1–331.8) mL/kg/min). This protocol is suitable for baboons undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy. The LMA was easy to insert and allowed for good ventilation, gas exchange, and delivery of the anesthetic in spontaneous breathing baboons.
A Multi-Dimensional Comprehensive Assessment (MDCA) Method for the Prioritization of Water Pollution Treatment Technologies in China
Authors: Li Jiao , Wen Yujiao , Jiang Jinyuan , Tan Wei , Zhang Tianyi
Published: February 2023

Water pollution treatment technology assessment methods can be used to guide the selection of scientific and reasonable water pollution treatment technologies. At present, China has not yet established a standardized methodological system to scientifically evaluate these technologies, which makes it difficult to effectively screen water pollution treatment technologies suitable for specific watersheds or regions and restricts the sustainable development of local economy and society. In this study, an MDCA framework for water pollution treatment technologies was developed using a sustainable assessment approach. The framework begins with the definition of water pollution treatment technologies’ decision-making problems and then proceeds through the following: select potential water pollution treatment technologies; identify indicators; decision making; indicator scoring; indicator weighting; select appropriate assessment model; uncertainty analysis; and other steps to ultimately determine preferred options. To demonstrate the validity and applicability of the framework, typical urban wastewater treatment technologies were selected for case validation. The results showed that the comprehensive assessment results obtained by the multidimensional assessment model based on the ideal point method and weighted method were basically consistent. SBR and TAS can be used as recommended technologies for urban sewage treatment in the study area. However, these two technologies also have shortcomings, such as the unsatisfactory economic benefit of SBR, and the high sludge production and poor resistance to hydraulic shock loading of TAS. Among the six alternative technologies, CWS had the worst environmental benefit, mainly due to the low ammonia removal rate. A2/O has the worst economic and technical performance, mainly due to high investment and operation cost, relatively complex operation management, and poor resistance to hydraulic shock load. The method established in this study can not only select the technology, but also identify the shortcomings of the technology, therefore realizing the systematization and standardization.
Comparing the Runoff Decompositions of Small Experimental Catchments: End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) vs. Hydrological Modelling
Authors: Bugaets Andrey , Gartsman Boris , Gubareva Tatiana , Lupakov Sergei , Kalugin Andrey , Shamov Vladimir , Gonchukov Leonid
Published: February 2023

This study is focused on the comparison of streamflow composition simulated with three well-known rainfall–runoff (RR) models (ECOMAG, HBV, SWAT) against hydrograph decomposition evaluated with End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA). In situ observations at two small mountain testbed catchments located in the south of Pacific Russia are used. All applied RR models and EMMA analysis demonstrate that two neighboring catchments disagree significantly on the mutual dynamics of the runoff sources. The RR models' benchmark test is based on proximity to EMMA hydrograph composition. Different aggregation intervals (season, month, and pentad) were applied to find a reasonable generalization period ensuring the clarity of results. ECOMAG is most conformable to EMMA outcome; HBV reflects flood events well enough; SWAT exhibits distinctive behavior compared to the other models. It is shown that, along with standard efficiency criteria of simulated and observed runoff proximity, EMMA analysis might provide useful auxiliary information for the validation of modelling results.
The Pretare-Piedilama Clastic Deposit: New Evidence of a Quaternary Rock Avalanche Event in Central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Putignano Maria Luisa , Di Luzio Emiliano , Schilirò Luca , Pietrosante Andrea , Giano Salvatore Ivo
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the origin of the Pretare clastic deposit (PRA), which crops out along the Morricone fluvial valley in the Central Apennines of Italy. With the aim of deciphering the genesis of the PRA deposit, geological s.l. and geomorphological analyses were carried out allowing for the interpretation of the PRA deposit as a rock avalanche. Furthermore, geological cross sections constrained by well-log and field survey data, together with stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and morphometric analyses, allowed us to assign the deposit to a catastrophic rock slope failure, which occurred during a cold climate of the Late Pleistocene. Several issues concerning the propagation mechanisms were inferred from the mapping of 350 boulders over the entire accumulation area and from the measure of the morphometric parameters of the landslide body. We also performed a restoration of the potential source area by comparing the reconstructed pre- and post-failure DEMs. A missing volume of 8.41 × 106 m3 was estimated on the south-eastern side of the Vettore Mt., which is consistent with the deposit volume computed from the geological interpretation (10.56 × 106 m3). The outcomes of this study provide useful insights for a better understanding of the Quaternary morpho-evolution of the Central Apennines area where analogous rock avalanche events marked the recent evolution of the belt.
Investment in Forest Watershed—A Model of Good Practice for Sustainable Development of Ecosystems
Authors: Arion Iulia Diana , Arion Felix H. , Tăut Ioan , Mureșan Iulia Cristina , Ilea Marioara , Dîrja Marcel
Published: February 2023

Estimating the efficiency of the investments that generate public benefits is not an easy task, as there are various methods proposed for evaluating the value of public goods and services. The novelty of the study consists of the proposed cost–benefit methodology adapted to a real-value cost concept for estimating the efficiency of the investment in the hydrographic Fâncel watershed, in the center of Romania, using a set of five indicators. The results prove that an investment of RON 1,323,226.29, at the value of 2018, would be paid in 5 years, 0 months, and 15 days. The estimated income is RON 505,327.8/year, so at a 5% financial-discount rate and an estimated period of use of 30 years, the net present value is RON 5,612,730.67. The internal rate of return was calculated as 22%, whereas the value of the savings-to-investment ratio is 3.6%. The main findings of the analysis of the economic-efficiency indicators offer a synthetic and relevant image of the fact that the investment has proven to be effective under the analyzed conditions. The results offer arguments to assume that the decision to consider that particular investment a good practice is fulfilled.
Development of a Three-Dimensional CFD Model and OpenCV Code by Comparing with Experimental Data for Spillway Model Studies
Authors: Varçin Hakan , Üneş Fatih , Gemici Ercan , Zelenakova Martina
Published: February 2023

This article presents a three-dimensional CFD model and OpenCV code by comparing the flow over the spillway with the experimental data for use in spillway studies. A 1/200-scale experimental model of a real dam spillway was created according to Froude similarity. In the experimental studies, velocity and water depth were measured in four different sections determined in the spillway model. A three-dimensional ANSYS Fluent model of the spillway was created and the simulations of the flows occurring during the flood were obtained. In the numerical model, the two-phase VOF model and k-epsilon turbulence model are used. As a result of the numerical analysis, velocity, depth, pressure, and cavitation index values were examined. The velocity and depth values obtained with models were compared and a good agreement was found between the results. In addition, in this study, a different technique based on image processing is developed to calculate water velocity and depth. A floating object was placed in the spillway channel during the experiment and the movement of the object on the water was recorded with cameras placed at different angles. By using the object tracking method, which is an image processing technique, the position of the floating object was determined in each video frame in the video recordings. Based on this position, the velocity of the floating object and its perpendicular distance to the bottom of the channel was determined. Thus, an OpenCV-Python code has been developed that determines the velocity and water depth of the floating object depending on its position. The floating object velocity values obtained by the algorithm were compared with the velocity values measured during the experimental model, and new velocity correction coefficients were obtained for the chute spillways.
Homogenous UV/Periodate Process for the Treatment of Acid Orange 10 Polluted Water
Authors: Nessaibia Maroua , Ghodbane Houria , Ferkous Hana , Merouani Slimane , Alam Manawwer , Balsamo Marco , Benguerba Yacine , Erto Alessandro
Published: February 2023

The photoactivated periodate (UV/IO4−) process is used to investigate the degradation of acid orange 10 (AO10) dye. The photodecomposition of periodate ions produces highly reactive radicals (i.e., •OH, IO3•, and IO4•) that accelerate dye degradation. Increasing the initial concentration of periodate to 3 mM enhances the dye removal rate, but over 3 mM periodate, the degradation rate slows down. On the contrary, increasing initial dye concentrations reduces the degradation performance. pH is the most critical factor in AO10 breakdown. Salts slow down the degradation of the dye. However, UV/IO4− is more efficient in distilled water than natural water. Even at low concentrations, surfactants may affect the dye’s decomposition rate. The addition of sucrose reduced the breakdown of AO10. Although tertbutanol is a very effective •OH radical scavenger, it does not affect the dye breakdown even at the highest concentrations. Accordingly, the AO10 degradation is a non-•OH pathway route. According to retrieved data, the photoactivated periodate method eliminated 56.5 and 60.5% of the initial COD after 60 and 120 min of treatment time; therefore, it can be concluded that the UV/IO4− system may treat effluents, especially those containing textile dyes.
Post-Wildfire Debris Flow and Large Woody Debris Transport Modeling from the North Complex Fire to Lake Oroville
Authors: Wasklewicz Thad , Chen Aaron , Guthrie Richard H.
Published: February 2023

The increase in wildfires across much of Western United States has a significant impact on the water quantity, water quality, and sediment and large woody debris transport (LWD) within the watershed of reservoirs. There is a need to understand the volume and fate of LWD transported by post-wildfire debris flows to the Lake Oroville Reservoir, north of Sacramento, California. Here, we combine debris flow modeling, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and large woody debris transport modeling to assess how much LWD is transported from medium and small watersheds to Lake Oroville. Debris flow modeling, triggered by a 50-year rainfall intensity, from 13 watersheds, transported 1073 pieces (1579.7 m3) of LWD to the mainstem river. Large woody debris transport modeling was performed for 1-, 2-, 5-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year flows. The transport ratio increased with discharge as expected. LWD is transported to the reservoir during a 2-year event with a transport ratio of 25% with no removal of LWD and 9% with removal of LWD greater than the cross-section width. The 500-year event produced transport ratios of 58% and 46% in our two sub scenarios.
Performance of Machine Learning Techniques for Meteorological Drought Forecasting in the Wadi Mina Basin, Algeria
Authors: Achite Mohammed , Elshaboury Nehal , Jehanzaib Muhammad , Vishwakarma Dinesh , Pham Quoc , Anh Duong , Abdelkader Eslam , Elbeltagi Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Water resources, land and soil degradation, desertification, agricultural productivity, and food security are all adversely influenced by drought. The prediction of meteorological droughts using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) is crucial for water resource management. The modeling results for SPI at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are based on five types of machine learning: support vector machine (SVM), additive regression, bagging, random subspace, and random forest. After training, testing, and cross-validation at five folds on sub-basin 1, the results concluded that SVM is the most effective model for predicting SPI for different months (3, 6, 9, and 12). Then, SVM, as the best model, was applied on sub-basin 2 for predicting SPI at different timescales and it achieved satisfactory outcomes. Its performance was validated on sub-basin 2 and satisfactory results were achieved. The suggested model performed better than the other models for estimating drought at sub-basins during the testing phase. The suggested model could be used to predict meteorological drought on several timescales, choose remedial measures for research basin, and assist in the management of sustainable water resources.
A Space Vector Based Zero Common-Mode Voltage Modulation Method for a Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Zhang Guozheng , Wang Shuo , Li Chen , Li Xinmin , Gu Xin
Published: February 2023

A modular multilevel converter (MMC) can generate different common-mode voltage (CMV) values due to the high-frequency changing of the switching state under various modulation strategies. The high-frequency dv/dt will produce common-mode current in the equivalent common-mode loop to the ground, which will affect the insulation and shorten the life of the equipment. To eliminate the effect of common-mode voltage on MMC operation, a common-mode voltage elimination strategy (0CMV-SVPWM) is proposed for five-level MMC space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) by using the vector that does not generate common-mode voltage as the reference vector in this paper. The proposed strategy is studied and analyzed by the rapid prototype development experimental system based on RT-LAB to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Development and evaluation of consumer properties of functional canned meat
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Kolobov S.V. , Evdokimova O.V. ,   Oryol State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin, Zachesova I.A. , Shagaeva N.N. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the combination of plant extracts of caulifl ower and stinging nettle in canned poultry and beef. In the course of the study, the optimal amounts of additives were established, as well as the organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological indicators of the quality of fi nished products were examined. The article presents the main functional properties of canned meat, developed on the basis of a combination of vegetable and animal raw materials. As a result of the research, a method to increase the nutritional value and microbiological safety of canned meat is proposed.
Eff ect of lactulose on the organoleptic characteristics of vegetable snacks
Authors:   Department of the Technology of Goods and Commodity Science, Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Nevalennaya A.A.
Published: February 2023

Recently, dried products from fruits and vegetables have begun to be in demand, but they are not enriched with additional elements. It should be noted that these products do not have the crunch characteristic of snacks. Therefore, the task was to obtain a product with a characteristic snack crunch, but using only natural ingredients. In the process of the research, a new technological scheme of production without frying a vegetable slice in oil was developed. Frying has been replaced by parcooking. At the next stage, in order to give the fi nished vegetable slice a crispy surface, studies were carried out using carbohydrate components, since they caramelize at a temperature and form a crispy fi lm on the surface. In the process of the research, the concentration of the solution, which makes it possible to obtain a vegetable slice with the required texture indicators, was established.
Heritage of humanity and modern processes of evolution and involution
Authors:   Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, International Academy of Education, Center for Psychological, Pedagogical, Medical and Social Сare ", Arpentieva М. R. ,   Assistance",   , Kaluga
Published: February 2023

This article is devoted to the issue of correlation between evolutionary and involutionary processes in the modern world. The severity of genocidal and culture-cidal tendencies, surpassing those in past centuries, is noted. The article discusses the question of whether the return of concentration camps, which became one of the semantic milestones in the development of humankind in the twentieth century, is possible. This experience left indelible traces in the history of the Earth, its cultural genesis and ethnogenesis. They can become both the basis for revising the strategy of human relations, and the basis for a new escalation of mutual violence and people’s self-destruction. Therefore, modern humanity is going through a difficult phase of its development. This phase shows that human formation is far from complete. Moreover, degradation and involutionary processes are taking place in modern human communities much more actively and widely than evolutionary ones, especially in countries and regions of the south and west. The regions of the northeast are the least affected, however, they have their own problems, including those associated with the “frozen history”: some communities of the north and east, including in Russia, practically do not develop in the absence of stimulating moments as the main resources are spent on resisting the difficulties of everyday life, survival, and attempts to preserve the national culture, which is clearly seen in the exampleof the indigenous peoples of Altai, while other communities are subjected to systemic discrimination, as, for example, the Pomors, which prompts them, on the one hand, to blur among other peoples of Russia, and on the other hand, to close themselves from the general process in order to preserve themselves and the culture of human relations at least for a while.
Social psychology of the organization
Authors:   Department of Social Psychology and Social Work, Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Sukhov А. N.
Published: February 2023

This article reveals the relevance of the issue of the social organization formation. The difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, and classification and ensuring the diagnosis and development of various types of social organization are analyzed. The reliability of the organizational (corporate) security system is associated with overcoming these difficulties. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the most important task is to create a general theory of various types of social organization. At the same time, the socio-psychological theory of various types of organization is an integral part of their general theory and practice of development. They complement each other. Without this, it is impossible to speak about the effective practice of ensuring the development of a social organization.
Assessment of conflict potential in the social and labor sphere and the impact of Western sanctions on the development of labor relations in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Research and Monitoring Center ", Dovganenko А. А. ,   Labor Conflicts",   , Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions
Published: February 2023

Since the second quarter of 2022, social and labor situation in the Russian Federation, development of labor relations at enterprises (institutions), and the conflict potential are formed under the influence of new external and internal conditions. After the beginning of the Special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, Western unfriendly states have adopted and introduced new packages of illegal economic, political and other sanctions against Russia, aimed at isolating our country and destroying its industry. In response to the actions of the "collective West", the Russian leadership is taking retaliatory measures, as well as implementing a plan to protect and develop the economy and national security.