bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capital social y desarrollo en zonas rurales. Un análisis de los programas Leader II y Proder en Andalucía
Authors: Garrido Fernández Fernando E. , Moyano Estrada Eduardo
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se analizan los programas Leader y Proder de desarrollo en zonas rurales utilizando la perspectiva del "capital social". En primer lugar, se presentan los elementos fundamentales de la noción de "capital social", ofreciendo un breve recorrido por el pensamiento sociológico de modo que podamos encontrar sus fuentes intelectuales. En segundo lugar, se presenta el marco teórico elaborado por M. Woolcock, como un modelo-síntesis para analizar los problemas que se plantean en las políticas de desarrollo. Finalmente, se exponen los resultados de un análisis experimental realizado en el marco de la evaluación de la iniciativa europea de desarrollo rural Leader 11 y del programa Proder en Andalucía
Los medios de comunicación y las nuevas tendencias del terrorismo internacional
Authors: García Luengo Óscar
Published: September 2018

El artículo trata de bosquejar la nueva situación en la que desemboca la compleja relación entre los medios de comunicación y el terrorismo internacional, hasta los años noventa definida por los expertos como simbiótica. En este entomo inédito, caracterizado por acciones terroristas cada vez más letales, de componentes más religiosos y cuyas autorías son menos reivindicadas, los vínculos entre el mundo mediático y el del terrorismo precisan de una nueva reconsideración que nos permita situamos ante este escenario sin precedentes, donde el quehacer de los medios queda absolutamente modificado. La clarificación de este cambio es fundamental para poder enfi*entamos a trabajos de investigación que aborden este tema específico, el cual se encuentra actualmente en un lugar privilegiado de la agenda política internacional.
Evaluating Psychological Aircraft Accident Reports for Differences in the Investigation of Human Factors
Authors: Nitzschner Marco Michael , Stein Michael
Published: September 2018

Analyzing accidents clearly is an important method for maintaining and improving safety in aviation. Nevertheless, evaluating these accident reports is equally important. Still, such evaluations seem to be generally neglected, especially in the military domain. The aim of the current study was to shed light on this fact by analyzing investigated human factors in military aircraft accident reports of aviation psychologists. Therefore, the authors conducted a content analysis of 42 reports of the German Armed Forces from the years 1994-2014. Confidence intervals and effect sizes indicated various differences in human factors throughout the psychological aircraft accident reports. Further, confidence intervals and effect sizes indicated differences in the corresponding areas. Thus, differences concerning human factors exist in the investigated accident reports.
SMS, Safety Culture, and the Four Pillars of Safety Applied to Airline Pilot Training
Authors: Petitt Karlene
Published: September 2018

The history of airline safety includes both FAA economic and safety measures that have grown over the years. This article provides a timeline of airline safety trends from crew resource management to safety management systems. Industry challenges are identified to include operational constraints, training challenges, economic concerns, and human factors to indicate a necessary paradigm shift from reactionary strategies toward proactive measures required by a safety culture—reporting culture, just culture, flexible culture, and learning culture. A safety culture is the foundation for safety management systems (SMS) mandated by the FAA for airline operations, to include the four pillars of safety: safety policy, safety risk management, safety assurance, and safety promotion. This article will identify how to integrate SMS, safety culture, and the four pillars of safety into the airline pilot training environment with cost effective strategies to improve safety within an SMS framework supported by a safety culture.
Participation in Online Social Networks
Authors: Angiani Giulio , Fornacciari Paolo , Iotti Eleonora , Mordonini Monica , Tomaiuolo Michele
Published: September 2018

Why and how more and more people get involved and use social networking systems are critical topics in social network analysis (SNA). As a matter of fact, social networking systems bring online a growing number of acquaintances, for many different purposes. Both business interests and personal recreational goals are motivations for using online social networks (OSN) or other social networking systems. The participation in social networks is a phenomenon which has been studied with several theories, and SNA is useful for common business problems, e.g., launching distributed teams, retaining people with vital knowledge for the organization, improving access to knowledge and spreading ideas and innovation. Nevertheless, there are some difficulties, such as anti-social behaviors of participants, lack of incentives, organizational costs and risks. In this article, a survey of the basic features of SNA, participation theories and models are discussed, with emphasis on social capital, information spreading, motivations for participation, and anti-social behaviors of social network users.
LoG and Structural Based Arbitrary Oriented Multilingual Text Detection in Images/Video
Authors: Basavaraju H. T.  , Manjunath Aradhya V.N.  , Guru D. S.  , Harish H. B. S.
Published: September 2018

Text in an image or a video affords more precise meaning and text is a prominent source with a clear explanation of the content than any other high-level or low-level features. The text detection process is a still challenging research work in the field of computer vision. However, complex background and orientation of the text leads to extremely stimulating text detection tasks. Multilingual text consists of different geometrical shapes than a single language. In this article, a simple and yet effective approach is presented to detect the text from an arbitrary oriented multilingual image and video. The proposed method employs the Laplacian of Gaussian to identify the potential text information. The double line structure analysis is applied to extract the true text candidates. The proposed method is evaluated on five datasets: Hua's, arbitrarily oriented, multi-script robust reading competition (MRRC), MSRA and video datasets with performance measures precision, recall and f-measure. The proposed method is also tested on real-time video, and the result is promising and encouraging.
Emotion Mining Using Semantic Similarity
Authors: Jan Rafiya , Khan Afaq Alam
Published: September 2018

Social networks are considered as the most abundant sources of affective information for sentiment and emotion classification. Emotion classification is the challenging task of classifying emotions into different types. Emotions being universal, the automatic exploration of emotion is considered as a difficult task to perform. A lot of the research is being conducted in the field of automatic emotion detection in textual data streams. However, very little attention is paid towards capturing semantic features of the text. In this article, the authors present the technique of semantic relatedness for automatic classification of emotion in the text using distributional semantic models. This approach uses semantic similarity for measuring the coherence between the two emotionally related entities. Before classification, data is pre-processed to remove the irrelevant fields and inconsistencies and to improve the performance. The proposed approach achieved the accuracy of 71.795%, which is competitive considering as no training or annotation of data is done.
Improvement of Electron Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes by Ba(NO3)2 Treatment
Authors: Kitsyuk Evgeny , Lebedev Egor , Nartov Andrey , Ryazanov Roman , Shamanaev Artemiy
Published: September 2018

The method of manufacturing BaO thin layers on carbon nanotubes (CNT) from Ba(NO3)2 aqueous solutions was demonstrated. Ordered carbon nanotubes arrays were synthesized by catalytic plasma-stimulated chemical deposition from the gas phase. The influence of the BaO content on the work function and, accordingly, carbon nanotubes emission properties were investigated. Significant field emission threshold voltage of CNT arrays treated by solutions with the lowest Ba(NO3)2 concentrations was demonstrated.
Evolution of Optical Spectra at the Initial Stages of Fe Growth on Si (001)
Authors: Maslov Andrei M. , Plusnin Nikolay I.
Published: September 2018

Optical reflection spectra in the photon energy range of 1.5-6 eV have been studied after the growth of ultrathin iron films on silicon (001) in the 0-1.2 nm thickness range. It has been noted that the reflection coefficient values vary nonmonotonically in thickness near the limiting energy of 1.5 eV and 6 eV. Moreover, they are abnormally large one at 1.5 eV and small one at 6 eV. It is shown that these phenomena can not be explained by simple models of the formation of a metallic, silicide film or amorphous silicon layer at the interface and correspond to structural-phase transformations in the film and in the substrate interface region.
Optical Method for Formation of Nanostructure in Nanosuspension
Authors: Ivanov Valerii Ivanovich , Khe Vladimir Kancherovich , Krylov Vladimir Ivanovich , Syrnikov Denis Alexeyevich
Published: September 2018

It is proposed to use light pressure forces to form nanostructures in a transparent nanosuspension. We have discussed the theoretical model of formation of crystal from nanoparticles on a bottom of cuvette by using the laser effect in liquid. It was received the steady-state solution of one-dimensional task of the light induced mass transfer as depending on intensity of laser beam.
Hexagonal Phytolithes from Red Alga Tichocarpus crinitus
Authors: Golohvast Kirill S. , Chaika Vladimir V. , Zakharenko Alexander M. , Sergievich Alexander A. , Zemchenko Ivan A. , Artemenko Alexander F. , Seryodkin Ivan V.
Published: September 2018

In current work unique hexagonal microparticles of silicon oxide (phytolite), isolated from the red algae Tichocarpus crinitus, which grows in the Sea of Japan described. The structures of poytolites are characterized by the methods of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The role of these formations in plant life and the mechanism of their synthesis remains unclear.
Can Plants and Fungi Cure «The Wounds» Using Silicone Gel?
Authors: Golohvast Kirill S. , Chaika Vladimir V. , Romashko Roman V. , Galkina Anna N. , Zemchenko Ivan A. , Sergievich Alexander A. , Artemenko Alexander F. , Bulakh Evgenya M. , Dzubenko Evgenya V. , Seryodkin Ivan V.
Published: September 2018

This paper is devoted for idea that plants and mushrooms can cover defects or wounds using large silicon formations (phytolithes). Its observed huge phytolithes more than 500 mkm. The issue is not closed and needs to be comprehensively studied.
On the Radiation Stability of BaSO4 Pigment Modified with SiO2 Nanoparticles and Applied for Spacecraft Thermal Control Coatings
Authors: Mikhailov Mikhail M. , Neshchimenko Vitaly V. , Yuryev Semyon A. , Grigorevsky Anatoly V. , Lovitskiy Alexey A. , Vashchenkov Ilya S.
Published: September 2018

The authors investigated the effect of a high-temperature modification with SiO2 nanoparticles on the optical properties and radiation stability of BaSO4 powders. The modification leads to insignificant alteration in the reflecting capacity within the UV, visible, and near-IR spectral regions. Appending SiO2 nanoparticles with a concentration of up to 10 wt.% results in the increasing radiation stability of BaSO4 powders. The maximum effect was obtained due to the decreasing intensity of the absorption bands at 270-280, 375-395, 440-460, 500-600, 700, and 950 nm at a nanoparticle concentration of 3 wt.%.
Prospects of Using Lignin Derivatives as Organic Electrode Materials for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gnedenkov Sergey V. , Zemnukhova Ludmila A. , Opra Denis P. , Sokolov Alexander A. , Minaev Alexander N. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the influence of the lignin extraction method (Klason lignin and alkaline lignin) from natural raw materials (husks of rice, buckwheat, sunflower and rice straw) on its electrochemical behavior has been studied. The chemical composition and physical features were characterized by EDX, XRD, IR, and 13C NMR methods. Electrochemical behavior of the lignins was investigated by galvanostatic discharge vs. Li+/Li. The most promising method of delignification from the point of view of practical application as lithium cell electrode was discussed. The results demonstrate the potential of lignin based battery to be used as a cathode material for a low-rate power sources.
Comparison of the Structural, Optical and Thermoelectrical Properties of Ca Silicide Films with Variable Composition on Si Substrates
Authors: Galkin Nikolay G. , Galkin Konstantin N. , Chernev Igor M. , Goroshko Dmitrii L'vovich , Chusovitin Evgeniy Anatolievich , Shevlyagin Alexander V. , Usenko Andrey A. , Khovaylo Vladimir V.
Published: September 2018

The growth, structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of calcium silicides of various compositions on silicon substrates with (100) and (111) orientations were experimentally studied. It was found that when the atoms of Ca and Si are co-deposited on atomically clean silicon, the basis phases in the composition of the formed films depends on the substrate temperature and the annealing temperature: Ca2Si (TSi = 20°C, Tann = 330°C), CaSi (TSi = 190-320°C, Tann = 330°C) and CaSi2 (TSi = 500°C). It was established that the Ca2Si phase is a direct-gap semiconductor with a band gap of 0.82±0.02 eV, large contribution of defect levels to the absorption coefficient at energies 0.25 - 0.50 eV and huge transmission up 90% in the far IR region. In CaSi-based films the high transmission (30-40%) up to 25 μm was observed, which corresponds to a semimetal with a constant density of states near the Fermi level. It was found that CaSi-based films have the maximum Seebeck coefficient and the power factor (up to 430 μV/K and up to 1.14 × 10-6 W/(K2m), respectively) at 330K. CaSi2 films with CaSi2 lattice stretching and epitaxial ordering relative to the Si (100) substrate exhibit semimetal properties, with very high conductivity and light transparency (up 12%) in the photon energy range 0.06 - 0.65 eV.
Properties of New Superionic Compounds (NH4)6LiZr4-nHfnF23 (n=1, 3)
Authors: Podgorbunsky Anatoly , Antokhina Tamara , Gnedenkov Sergey V.
Published: September 2018

The phase transitions and conductivity of novel compounds (NH4)6LiZr4-nHfnF23 (n = 1, 3) were studied by DSC and impedance spectroscopy. The structure and the activation energies of the charge transfer in these compounds were estimated. The high ionic conductivity of these fluorocomplexes reaches 10-2 S/cm at 453 K.
Effect of the Surface Morphology of Zinc Oxide Particles on their Radiation Stability
Authors: Neshchimenko Vitaly V. , Li Chun Dong , Mikhailov Mikhail M. , Dudin Andrei
Published: September 2018

The effect of protons exposure on the diffuse reflectance spectra of the zinc oxide with different shape particles has been investigated. Particles were micro-, nanocrystals, star and flower shape particles. The synthesis of the particles was carried out by the hydrothermal method using zinc acetate chemicals. The surface morphology, surface area and crystal structure of the particles have been investigated. Evaluating the changes in spectral reflectance it was found that the radiation stability of the micro particles is higher than the radiation stability of the other nanostructured particles. The high stability of the micro particles optical properties is due to the effect of low accumulation of radiation-induced defects.
Protective Coatings Formed by PEO and Fluorine-Containing Compound
Authors: Nadaraia Konstantine V. , Gnedenkov Sergey V. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Mashtalyar Dmitry V.
Published: September 2018

Composite coatings have been obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation method and subsequent treatment with fluorine-containing compound: suspension of superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene. A method of formation of the protective coating by dipping into the suspension of organofluorine compound with subsequent heat treatment has been developed. The surface morphology of samples, their electrochemical and tribological properties, as well as wettability have been studied. Formed composite coatings reduce the corrosion current density and wear more than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the base PEO-coating. Additionally, composite layers have hydrophobic properties: for polymer-containing coatings the value of contact angle attains to 143±2°.
High-Capacity Derivatives Produced from Hydrolytic Lignin as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Nikolenko Yury M. , Opra Denis P. , Tsvetnikov Alexander K. , Ustinov Alexander Yu. , Kuryavyi Valery G. , Sokolov Alexander A. , Silantev Vladimir E. , Zverev Grigorii A. , Majorov Vitalyi Yu. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Gnedenkov Sergey V.
Published: September 2018

The hydrolytic lignin derivatives have been prepared via its physical activation (high-temperature heating in vacuum) followed by chemical modification (fluorination). The obtained products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the graphitized product of thermal activation up to 1000 °C at a low rate of < 2 °C/min under high vacuum shows an enhanced specific surface area (215 m2/g), that makes its potentially useful as sorbent, catalytic substrate or electrode material. To clarify the potentialities of hydrolytic lignin derivatives for energy storage and conversion, the electrochemical system with metallic lithium anode was applied. The galvanostatic discharge of battery at a current density of 100 μA/cm2between 3.0 and 0.5 V shows that the specific capacity of thermally activated derivative is equal to 845 mA·h/g, while the untreated lignin yields only 190 mA·h/g. The improve of the electrochemical performance of product originates from its graphitization, increasing electronic conductivity, and, possibly, enhanced ability to adsorb of oxygen. The fluorination of both the lignin and its thermally activated form results in higher operating voltage of battery, as seems, due to the involvement of fluorine bound to carbon in electrochemical process.
The effects of electronic and other external control methods on stuttering: A review of some research techniques and suggestion for further research
Authors: Bohr John W. F.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
The syndrome of early infantile autism
Authors: Newstadt G. J.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Are we good behaviourists?
Authors: Marks Margaret
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Objective psychotherapy in the treatment of dysphemia
Authors: Lazarus Arnold A.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
The treatment in a child guidance clinic of emotionally disturbed children showing speech defects
Authors: Blake Yvonne
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
A team-work approach to cleft palate rehabilitation in South Africa
Authors: Marks Margaret
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Powering environment monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks: A review of design and operational challenges in Eastern Africa
Authors: Byamukama Maximus , Bakkabulindi Geofrey , Pehrson Björn , Nsabagwa Mary , Akol Roseline
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the various design and operational challenges that we have met in providing power to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployed in environment monitoring in East Africa. While such deployments in African environments have a major advantage of abundant sunshine, both in intensity and duration, the same environments still present a number of unique challenges. With the various research initiatives in Africa being quite disjointed, a major problem is the lack of a unified knowledge base that communicates the current challenges and solutions in designing power systems for these WSNs. We implemented a WSN with several autonomous sensors and two types of gateways. We kept track of voltages, uptime and other diagnostic data. We combine our experiences from the study of these devices, and those of some others in the region and other developing countries and make recommendations where we have achieved good results and propose solutions where work is still in progress.
Ice nucleation abilities of soot particles determined with the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber
Authors: Mahrt Fabian , Marcolli Claudia , David Robert O. , Grönquist Philippe , Barthazy Meier Eszter J. , Lohmann Ulrike , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ice
nucleation by different types of soot particles is systematically
investigated over the temperature range from 218 to 253 K
relevant for both mixed-phase (MPCs) and cirrus clouds. Soot types were selected to
represent a range of physicochemical properties associated with combustion
particles. Their ice nucleation ability was determined as a function of
particle size using relative humidity (RH) scans in the Horizontal Ice
Nucleation Chamber (HINC). We complement our ice nucleation results by a
suite of particle characterization measurements, including determination of
particle surface area, fractal dimension, temperature-dependent mass loss (ML),
water vapor sorption and inferred porosity measurements. Independent of
particle size, all soot types reveal absence of ice nucleation below and at
water saturation in the MPC regime (T>235 K). In the cirrus
regime (T≤235 K), soot types show different freezing behavior
depending on particle size and soot type, but the freezing is closely linked
to the soot particle properties. Specifically, our results suggest that if
soot aggregates contain mesopores (pore diameters of 2–50 nm) and
have sufficiently low water–soot contact angles, they show ice nucleation
activity and can contribute to ice formation in the cirrus regime at RH well
below homogeneous freezing of solution droplets. We attribute the observed
ice nucleation to a pore condensation and freezing (PCF) mechanism.
Nevertheless, soot particles without cavities of the right size and/or
too-high contact angles nucleate ice only at or well above the RH required for
homogeneous freezing conditions of solution droplets. Thus, our results imply
that soot particles able to nucleate ice via PCF could impact the
microphysical properties of ice clouds.
Profiling of CH4 background mixing ratio in the lower troposphere with Raman lidar: a feasibility experiment
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Hu Qiaoyun , Podvin Thierry , Whiteman David N. , Korenskiy Michael , Landulfo Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present the results of methane profiling in the lower troposphere using LILAS Raman lidar from Lille University observatory platform (France). The lidar is based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser and nighttime profiling up to 4000 m with 100 m height resolution is possible for methane. Agreement between measured the photon counting rate in the CH4 Raman channel in the free troposphere and numerical simulations for a typical CH4 background mixing ratio (2 ppm) confirms that CH4 Raman scattering is observed. Within the planetary boundary layer, an increase of the CH4 mixing ratio, up to a factor of 2, is observed. Different possible interfering factors, such as leakage of the elastic signal and aerosol fluorescence have been taken into consideration. Tests using backscattering from clouds confirmed that the filters in the Raman channel provide sufficient rejection of elastic scattering. The measured methane profiles do not correlate with aerosol backscattering, which corroborates the hypothesis that, in the PBL, not aerosol fluorescence but CH4 is observed. However, the fluorescence contribution cannot be completely excluded and, for future measurements, we plan to install an additional control channel close to 393 nm where no strong Raman lines exist and only fluorescence can be observed.
A weekly, continually updated dataset of the probability of large wildfires across western US forests and woodlands
Authors: Gray Miranda E. , Zachmann Luke J. , Dickson Brett G.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. There is broad consensus that wildfire activity is likely to increase in western US forests and woodlands over the next century. Therefore, spatial predictions of the potential for large wildfires have immediate and growing relevance to near- and long-term research, planning, and management objectives. Fuels, climate, weather, and the landscape all exert controls on wildfire occurrence and spread, but the dynamics of these controls vary from daily to decadal timescales. Accurate spatial predictions of large wildfires should therefore strive to integrate across these variables and timescales. Here, we describe a high spatial resolution dataset (250 m pixel) of the probability of large wildfires ( > 405 ha) across forests and woodlands in the contiguous western US, from 2005 to the present. The dataset is automatically updated on a weekly basis using Google Earth Engine and a continuous integration pipeline. Each image in the dataset is the output of a random forest machine-learning algorithm, trained on random samples of historic small and large wildfires and represents the predicted conditional probability of an individual pixel burning in a large fire, given an ignition or fire spread to that pixel. This novel workflow is able to integrate the near-term dynamics of fuels and weather into weekly predictions while also integrating longer-term dynamics of fuels, the climate, and the landscape. As a continually updated product, the dataset can provide operational fire managers with contemporary, on-the-ground information to closely monitor the changing potential for large wildfire occurrence and spread. It can also serve as a foundational dataset for longer-term planning and research, such as the strategic targeting of fuels management, fire-smart development at the wildland–urban interface, and the analysis of trends in wildfire potential over time. Weekly large fire probability GeoTiff products from 2005 to 2017 are archived on the Figshare online digital repository with the DOI https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5765967 (available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5765967.v1). Weekly GeoTiff products and the entire dataset from 2005 onwards are also continually uploaded to a Google Cloud Storage bucket at https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/wffr-preds/V1 (last access: 14 September 2018) and are available free of charge with a Google account. Continually updated products and the long-term archive are also available to registered Google Earth Engine (GEE) users as public GEE assets and can be accessed with the image collection ID users/mgray/wffr-preds within GEE.
INTEGRATION AND VISUALIZATION OF HETEROGENEOUS SENSOR DATA AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION
Authors: Santhanavanich T. , Schneider S. , Rodrigues P. , Coors V.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. According to the advances in Information & Communication Technology (ICT), nowadays, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) has become a normal part of daily life. It allows interconnections among a wide variety of devices and sensors such as smartphones, smartwatches, automobiles, or any object with a built-in sensor. However, these devices and sensors are developed by numerous different manufacturers which leads to technology lock-in in terms of data formats and protocols. In order of address this heterogeneity, an interoperable sensor protocol is the need of the hour. To address this, we propose a sensor data management system for monitoring pedelec usage and user fitness level. Using a proof-of-concept prototype the study is carried out in downtown of Stuttgart city. The result of the integrated analyzed data is visualized in 3D digital globe CESIUM.
AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR HUMAN PRESENCE DETECTION TO ASSIST RESCUE WORK IN LARGE BUILDINGS
Authors: van Groeningen T. , Driessen H. , Söhl J. , Vôute R.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. When the fire brigade arrives at a burning building, it is of vital importance that people who are still inside can quickly be found. Smart buildings should be able to expose this location data to the fire brigade working in a smart city. In this paper the feasibility is researched of using ultrasonic sound sensors for human presence detection in smoke-filled spaces. This type of sensor could assist the fire brigade when evacuating a large building by directing them to the places where their help is most needed. The advantage of ultrasonic sound over other sensors or cameras is that its signal is able to pierce through smoke, does not require badges or other wearable devices and introduces little privacy and security risks. In addition, ultrasonic sensors are very inexpensive making it possible to equip every room of a building with an ultrasonic presence detector. In this research both a preliminary ultrasound measuring device and signal processing algorithm have been designed. Testing results show that the walking movement of a person in an indoor area can be detected with the combination of the sensor and the algorithms. In addition, tests of the signal strength in smoke have shown that ultrasound is capable of “looking through” the smoke. The algorithm based on a particle filter allows for more information to be extracted from the relatively simple sensor signal by detecting human walking movement specifically and opens up the way for an ultrasound based indoor positioning system that can be used in emergency situations.
A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL ON DERELICT BUILDINGS FOR URBAN REGENERATION
Authors: Blečić I. , Cecchini A. , Minchilli M. , Tedeschi L. F. , Trunfio G. A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present a decision suppport tool for the comparison and selection of projects of integrated renovation of derelict buildings and areas for the purpose of urban regeneration. Each project is defined as a subset of derelict properties to renovate together with their respective designated use, and is scored by the decision support tool on two criteria: expected effort and estimated effectiveness in terms of improved urban capabilities in the urban area of interest. The expected effort is estimated as a global transformation cost, factoring in legal and management overhead costs as well as possible economies of scale. The effectiveness in evaluated in terms of extension of urban capabilities centred on walkable distances. We have implemented a bi-objective evolutionary search algorithm to address the computational complexity of the problem of search for efficient (non-dominated) projects over the two criteria. For the purpose of illustration, we present an example case-study application on the historical core of the city of Sassari, Italy.
MODELLING BELOW- AND ABOVE-GROUND UTILITY NETWORK FEATURES WITH THE CITYGML UTILITY NETWORK ADE: EXPERIENCES FROM ROTTERDAM
Authors: den Duijn X. , Agugiaro G. , Zlatanova S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Precise and comprehensive knowledge about 3D urban space is required for simulation and analysis in the fields of urban and environmental planning, city administration and disaster management. In order to facilitate these applications, geo-information about functional, semantic, and topographic aspects of urban features, their mutual dependencies and relations is needed. Substantial work has been done in the modelling and representation of above-ground features in the context of 3D city modelling. However, the belowground part of the real world, of which utility networks form a big part, is often neglected. Existing data models for utility networks are generally very domain-specific and, therefore, not suitable either. This paper describes a 3D data modelling approach for integrated management of below-ground utility networks and related above-ground city objects. This approach consists of manipulating first the structure of existing utility data in the commonly used Feature Manipulation Engine ETL software in order to make the data compliant to the CityGML Utility Network ADE data model. Subsequently, workspaces are created that take care of storing the CityGML data into the free and open-source 3D City Database, which has been extended in order to manage utility network data, too. Moreover, the research shows the suitability of the extended 3DCityDB to perform graph-based topological operations by means of the PostgreSQL pgRouting extension. Lastly, the results are visualized in typical GIS applications, e.g. QGIS and ArcGIS.
Trace determination of cadmium content in Malaysian herbs using graphene–ionic liquid-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes
Authors: Nordin Muhammad Syafiq , Mohd Yusairie , Abu Bakar Noor Fitrah , Mohd Zain Zainiharyati
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A simple and effective method of square-wave anodic
stripping voltammetry (SWASV) with screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs)
was used to determine the cadmium concentration in Malaysian herb samples. The
optimization process involved the selection of an optimized pH, an acetate
buffer as a supporting electrolyte, the deposition potential, deposition time
and the
surface modification process on an SPCE surface. The optimum conditions were a pH of 4.5, a deposition potential of −1.4 V and a deposition time of 120 s. The SPCE
surface was modified with the fabrication of the graphene–ionic liquid composite as
the sensing layer. Four herb samples were tested, where herbs A, D, M and C
contained 0.0035, 0.0237, 0.0267 and 0.0251 ppm of cadmium,
respectively. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor was compared with an
inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES). The
relative standard deviation (RSD) between the sensor and the ICP–OES indicated that
the sensor was sensitive, as RSD was below 20 % with range of
7.93 % to 18.28 %.
A systematic comparison of experimental set-ups for modelling extensional tectonics
Authors: Zwaan Frank , Schreurs Guido , Buiter Susanne
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Analogue modellers investigating extensional tectonics often use different machines, set-ups and model materials, so that direct comparisons of results from different studies can be challenging. Here we present a systematic comparison of crustal-scale analogue experiments using simple set-ups simulating extensional tectonics, involving either a foam base, a rubber base, rigid basal plates or a conveyor base to deform overlying brittle-only or brittle-viscous models. We use X-ray computed tomography (CT) techniques for a detailed 3D analysis of internal and external model evolution. We find that our brittle-only experiments are strongly affected by the specific set-up, as the materials are directly coupled to the model base. Experiments with a foam or rubber base undergo distributed faulting, whereas experiments with a rigid plate or conveyor base experience localized deformation and the development of discrete rift basins. Pervasive boundary effects may occur due to extension-perpendicular contraction of a rubber base. Brittle-viscous experiments are less affected by the experimental setup than their brittle-only equivalents as the viscous layer acts as a buffer that decouples the brittle layer from the base. Brittle-viscous plate base and conveyor base experiments only localize deformation with high brittle-to-viscous thickness ratios that increases brittle-viscous coupling. This effect is further enhanced by higher strain rates. Our set-ups are most appropriate for investigating crustal-scale extension in continental and selected oceanic settings. Specific combinations of set-up and model materials may be used for studying young or old regions, or wide or narrow extension. Here, natural factors as temperature variations, extension rate, water content and lithology should be carefully considered. We hope that our experimental overviews may serve as a guide for future experimental studies of extensional tectonics.
Stopping the flood: could we use targeted geoengineering to mitigate sea level rise?
Authors: Wolovick Michael J. , Moore John C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Marine Ice Sheet Instability (MISI) is a dynamic feedback that can cause
an ice sheet to enter a runaway collapse. Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica,
is projected to be the largest individual source of future sea level rise and
may have already entered MISI. Here, we use a suite of coupled quasi-2-D
ice–ocean simulations to explore whether targeted geoengineering using
either a continuous artificial sill or isolated artificial pinning points
could counter a collapse. Successful interventions occur when the floating
ice shelf regrounds on the structure, increasing buttressing and reducing ice
flux across the grounding line. Regrounding is more likely with a continuous
sill that is able to block warm water transport to the grounding line. The
smallest design we consider is comparable in scale to existing civil
engineering projects but only has a 30 % success rate, while larger designs
are more effective. There are multiple possible routes forward to improve
upon the designs that we considered, and with decades or more to research
designs it is plausible that the scientific community could come up with a
plan that is both effective and achievable. While reducing emissions remains
the short-term priority for minimizing the effects of climate change, in the
long run humanity may need to develop contingency plans to deal with an ice
sheet collapse.
Chinese American Adolescent Identity in a Children’s Choir: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Lindl Courtney B.
Published: September 2018

This exploratory case study examined ways that participation in a children’s choir singing repertoire from both Western and Eastern countries of the world molds the cultural identity of Chinese American adolescents. The primary question guiding the inquiry was: How do Chinese American adolescents describe the experience of singing in a children’s choir on their emerging cultural identity? Data collection included 12 hours of observations over the course of 5 weeks and interviews with 5 Chinese American students, the director, and the founding director of the children’s choir. Findings suggested creating a positive Chinese American community in this choir helped build, maintain, and develop cultural identity, although in different ways unique to the individual. Aspects of this community included usage of heritage language, singing Chinese folksongs to create multigenerational connections, forming Chinese American friendships to navigate cultural identity, and having teachers as culture bearers. However, cultural identity creation was unique to the individual. Cultural identity formation was flexible and nonlinear, emphasizing caution against overgeneralizing the Chinese American youth population.
“Like a Cry from the Heart”: An Insider’s View of the Genesis of Alan Lomax’s Ideas and the Legacy of His Research: Part II
Authors: Wood Anna L. C.
Published: September 2018

Part 1 of this article explored the development of Alan Lomax’s theory of expressive style and culture in terms of his family background, temperament, cultural surroundings, influences, intellectual growth, and the nature and impact of his field experiences, the primary source of his ideas. It described the program of research established by Lomax and anthropologist Conrad Arensberg, codirector of the project, and set out its areas of investigation. Part 2 describes the project’s hypotheses, methodology, and results; reviews its criticisms; and takes a personal, reflexive look at Lomax’s personality, public persona, and presentational style as factors in the reception of his work. Finally, it touches upon the potential of a comparativist, cross-cultural approach to the current study of expressive culture.
Socrates, Satyrs, and Satyr-Play in Plato’sSymposium
Authors: Sansone David
Published: September 2018

In the Symposium Plato associates Socrates with satyrs and satyr-play for two reasons: First, satyr-plays were the creation of tragic, not comic, playwrights, and Plato wishes to present his Socratic dialogues as the heirs to the prestige of an elevated, not a lewd, genre; second, the figure of the satyr, for all his rampant sexuality, is traditionally barren, a characteristic that Plato assigns (metaphorically) to Socrates in his role as midwife to the fecund minds of young men.
Senses and the Sacred in Pliny’sNatural History
Authors: Manolaraki Eleni Hall
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses an overlooked aspect of Pliny’s Natural History (HN): the embodiment through the senses of the Stoics’ universal deity. At several junctures in the work, readers are prompted to make contact with the immanent numen naturae by hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching its perishable manifestations. Pliny’s emphasis on the “lesser” senses as vehicles for a human-divine relation is worth examining as an innovative gesture in connection with the prominence of sight in imperial Stoicism. Moreover, identifying the function of Pliny’s sensorium brings the HN in dialogue with the field of the senses in antiquity, and especially with the role of the senses in religion.
A Case for Recognizing the Rights of Animals as Workers
Authors: Shaw Rosemary
Published: September 2018

For more than two centuries, human workers in both the United Kingdom and Australia have been afforded some level of protection at work by occupational or work health and safety legislation. Concurrently, the legislative protection of animals has grown from a bare recognition of some as legitimate objects for protection from cruelty to a space where many species are deemed sentient beings. However, current animal welfare legislation in Australia and elsewhere exempt some classes of animals from protection and allow some questionable practices that result in animals suffering in a range of environments. One such environment is, arguably, the workplace. While work health and safety legislation aims to make workplaces and systems of work safe for people, animals who work are not captured by this legislation in Australia. In this article, I argue that work health and safety legislation should take a new, contemporary, and inclusive approach by relinquishing outdated anthropocentric perspectives and recognizing the role of animals as workers and their need for workplace regulation and protection. The proposed reform of the work health and safety legislation would incorporate animal work health and safety by, as a minimum, extending the current definition of “workers” to include animals who work.
Via Jagellonica: The Kraków-Lublin-Vilnius Route and the Challenges of its Gaining Recognition for the UNESCO World Heritage List
Authors: Kopaczek Janusz
Published: September 2018

This essay is a testimony to the globally unique historical Kraków-Lublin-Vilnius route born in the “heart” of the Old Continent in the late fourteenth century. This royal route played an irreplaceable role in the integration of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania completed by the creation of the Commonwealth of Two Nations. Until the early seventeenth century, this road, connecting two capital cities, was also a European cultural route enabling a lively exchange between the Western (Latin) and Eastern (Byzantine) civilizations. First, the author briefly outlines the history of the Jagiellonian route and then presents the contemporary institutionalized initiative to revive the route as an international cultural tourist trail. As a leader of this project he describes the challenges to inscribe “Via Jagellonica” Route on the World Heritage List in the category of a heritage trail. Considering the disparities between its undoubted “outstanding universal value” and the burdens arising on account of the methodology adopted by this institution, he recommends following the so-called faster path of inscribing the Lublin Union Route on the World Heritage List.
THE ASSESSMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN ROLLING-SLIDING CONTACT IN RECIPROCATING MOTION ON A DEVICE FOR SURFACE WEAR TESTING
Authors: BĄKOWSKI Henryk , STANIK Zbigniew
Published: September 2018

The paper presents wear tests of a sample made of rail steel in a reciprocating motion on an experimental apparatus for surface wear testing. Professional machines for wear tests of rolling-sliding contact, whose main task is to simulate the multiple passage of rolling stock, are large in size and have a significant financial burden on the implementation of scientific projects. The mobile device used for surface wear testing in reciprocating motion has a number of advantages over existing research units with high mass and high financial costs. The proposed device makes it possible to significantly reflect the actual conditions of co-ordination of a rollingsliding contact, for example, the wheel-rail assembly, while maintaining a reasonable financial outlay for the entire project. The results obtained are highly consistent with those obtained under real conditions, which allows us to put forward far-reaching assumptions about the durability of the contact in question and its wear resistance.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ABRASIVE- WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR 400 AND BRINAR 500 STEELS
Authors: KONAT Łukasz , NAPIÓRKOWSKI Jerzy , BIAŁOBRZESKA Beata
Published: September 2018

In the paper, microstructures and the examination results of abrasive-wear resistance of steel grades Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 are presented. It was found on the grounds of light and electron scanning microscopy that these steels are characterised by subtle differences in microstructures, influencing their mechanical and usable properties. In as-delivered condition, the steels have fine-grained structure with post-martensitic orientation, containing few particles of carbide phases. Such microstructures of Brinar steels and the performed chemical analyses indicate that their properties are formed during specialised operations of thermo-mechanical rolling. Generally, it can be said that the examined steels were designed according to the accepted standards of material engineering, related to low-alloy, high-strength, and abrasive-wear resistant martensitic steels. According to the above, the obtained results of structural examinations of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 steels were referred to real abrasive-wear indices obtained by the spinning bowl method with use of various abrasive soil masses. The tests carried-out in light soil (loamy sand), medium soil (sandy loam), and in heavy soil (loam), as well as hardness measurements showed strict dependence of abrasive-wear indices on microstructures and the heattreatment condition of the examined steels. Examination results of abrasive-wear resistance of Brinar steels were compared with those of steel 38GSA in normalised conditions.
ANALYSIS OF WEAR AND TEAR OF WORKING ELEMENTS WITH A REPLACEABLE CUTTING EDGE IN AN ABRASIVE SOIL MASS
Authors: LEMECHA Magdalena , NAPIÓRKOWSKI Jerzy , KONAT Łukasz
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an analysis of the wear and tear process of different technological solutions of plough blades with a replaceable cutting edge. The experiment was conducted under natural operating conditions. Workpieces made of B27, Hardox 500, and Hardox 500 with padding weld, and two types of boron steel with non-hardfaced and hardfaced cutting edges were tested. The analyses of chemical composition and microstructure were performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. Operational research included the measurement of mass changes and geometry in the characteristic points of the plough blades. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the components made of Hardox 500 steel with padding welding were more durable than component without the padding layer. In contrast, the weight loss intensity was similar for all the examined materials.