bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Eating in Obese High School Girls during Stressful Situations
Authors: Kim Sook Young
Published: February 2025

This study was carried out to find out stress-eating relationship in obese high school girls and to investigate the factors related to stress-induced eating. The conceptual framework used in this study was individual difference model. The research method was methodological triangulation. The data of the study were collected from purposively sampled 309 normal high school girls and 314 obese high school girls in S city. 15 volunteers, obese high school girls, enrolled in this qualitative research. Quantitative data was collected from May 6 to June 10, 1997 through questionnaires about stress and stress-related eating changes and from June 23 to August 26, 1997, qualitative data was collected.The results of the study were as follows: 1. Obese high school girls were unaffected by stress(t=-1.84, p=0.0662).2. Through quantitative analysis, obese people divided into two groups in their response to stress. One group was composed of stress- eater. The other group was composed of non- stress eater.3. Disinhibition(t=-3.1275, p=0.0019), cognitive restrain (t=-3.1597, p=0.0017), hunger(t=-3.5878, p=0.0004) were significantly different between stress-eaters and non-stress eaters.4. According to the interview, 5 subjects of obese girls were stress eaters, and 10 subjects were non-stress eaters. Through qualitative research, the related factors of eating were eating attitude & behavior, stimuli situations on eating, and personality. In stress-eater group, they constantly went on a diet, however, they were prompted to eat when an uneasy feeling such as anxiety, depression, annoyance developed. Their personality were entirely optimistic. Whereas non-stress eater group had no interest in diet and didn't appear to have psychological factors to stimulate eating in stressful situations. Their personality was not only optimistic but also keenly characteristic.5. To compare obese-normal high school girls on the effect of stress in eating. Normal weigh high school girls decreased their eating when stressed(t= -13.62, p=0.0001).In conclusion, this study suggests that there are two different groups in obese high school girls in regards to eating responses on stressful situations. As a result of these finding, clinical and school nurses can detect the stress-eaters who need stress management intervention, and can apply appropriate management program according to the individual needs.
Predictors of Tobacco-Control Activities of Community Health Practitioners: Report from a National Survey
Authors: Kim Jin Sun , Song Mee Suk , Oh Hyun Ei
Published: February 2025

The involvement of health-care professionals in tobacco-control activities is essential to prevent smoking-related morbidity and mortality. The purposes of this predictive correlational study were to examine tobacco-control activities and to identify the predictors of such activities of community health practitioners (CHPs). Of the 1,813 members of the Korean Association of CHP, 1,247 participated in this study. A mailed survey was conducted to collect data. The majority of CHPs supported tobacco-control policies and recognized tobacco-control activities as an important role for them. Only 44.3% of CHPs were confident in their knowledge and skills regarding tobacco-control activities, and only 30.8% had received professional tobacco-control education. While the majority of the CHPs "asked, advised, and assessed"their clients, only a small number "assisted or arranged". The tobacco-control activities of CHPs were predicted by their attitude toward it, age, experience of tobacco-control education, educational level, and general perception of the risk of smoking; these variables accounted 13.5% of variance in the tobacco-control activities of CHPs. These findings provide the basis for developing a continuing education program for CHPs. CHPs should be encouraged to integrate tobacco-control activities into their routine practice, and CHP education programs should be adjusted to increase the time spent on the tobacco-control intervention techniques.
Blooms of the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Emilia Romagna region (Italy): case reports managed by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection and Energy of Emilia Romagna (ARPAE)
Authors: Del Pasqua Michela , Bandini Fabrizio , Morandi Elena , Antonellini Rita , Masi Marcello , De Gioia Michele
Published: February 2025

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a toxic cyanobacterium that can form blooms potentially harmful to humans and animals. The proliferation of this species is difficult to predict, and its blooms are hard to detect as they cause just a moderate change in water colour. Global warming might increase the incidence of its proliferation worldwide. This trend was observed also by ARPAE that detected a growth in the presence of this alga in Emilia Romagna lakes and reservoirs in the last three years. This note describes the monitoring activities conducted by ARPAE during these algal blooms and the risk management actions implemented.
The effect of culture media and seeding densities on the human malignant testicular germ cell line (NT2/D1) growth pattern
Authors: Altuwayjiri Rawabi S. , Almami Ibtesam S.
Published: February 2025

Testicular cancer is a common malignancy in young males, comprising 5% of urological cancers and 1% of all male cancers. The NT2/D1 cell line, a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma, is valuable in cancer and developmental biology research due to its differentiation potential into neurons and glial cells. Although Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is often used to promote cell growth, its limitations necessitate optimized culture conditions. Monitoring cell growth and health through methods such as cell counting, viability assays, growth curves, and microscopy is crucial for reliable research, particularly for evaluating specific cell characteristics before in vitro studies. The study compared the growth patterns of NT2/D1 cell lines under different culture conditions and seeding densities using trypan blue cell counting and MTT methods. The NT2/D1 cell lines cultured in heat-inactivated FBS (H.iFBS) and non-heat-inactivated FBS (Non-H.iFBS) exhibit distinct growth patterns, doubling times, and cell morphologies. Cell density and the condition of the culture medium are two key parameters influencing metabolic activities and enhancing variability. There is no preference between culturing cells in different FBS conditions yet it should be considered in experiment design. Thus systematic reporting of all cell culture parameters is essential to facilitate better comparisons of in vitro and in vivo experimental data.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of cervical cancer among women in a Nigerian cohort
Authors: Ehwarieme Timothy Aghogho , Elusoji Christiana I. , Enuku Christie A.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. This study examined the prevalence of cervical cancer and associated factors among patients in a tertiary health facility in Edo state in Nigeria.

Methods:

A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted including 3654 female patients who visited the oncology unit between 2016 and 2021. Their clinical files were selected through purposive sampling, and a validated checklist was used as instrument for data collection. Data analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics and multiple logistics regression.

Results:

Cervical cancer prevalence was highest in 2021 (10.8%). Oral contraceptives (23.8%), immunosuppression (19.3%), the number of sexual partners (8.3%), lack of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (18.8%), diabetes (13.3%), and cardiovascular diseases (9.4%) were among the factors associated cervical cancer. A significant association (P = 0.000) was observed between risk factors and the clinical outcomes of cervical cancer. Women aged 30–59 were 25% more likely (odds ratio [OR] =1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–2.86) to survive compared to those aged 60 and above. Women with only secondary education were also less likely (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.21–0.99) to survive compared to those with tertiary education. Finally, multiparous women were less likely to survive compared to nulliparous women (OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.005–1.79).

Conclusion:

These results underscore the rising prevalence of cervical cancer and its association with age, supporting advocacy for increased HPV vaccination efforts targeting young girls before sexual maturity, as well as catchup vaccinations for high-risk older women.
Metaphors and Analogies in Pain Management – A Survey of 142 Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Gupta Sanjeeva , Gupta Risha , Sharma Manohar , Singh Prit Anand
Published: February 2025

Background:

Metaphors and analogies are a good way of explaining medical concepts to our patients to help them understand their condition and treatment strategies.

Objectives:

To find out the opinions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) who manage chronic pain regarding the metaphors and analogies, we have developed and used routinely in our clinical practice.

Materials and Methods:

HCPs from across the world working in pain clinic/centres were sent a SurveyMonkey link. They were asked to rate the five metaphors and analogies that explain the concepts of multimodal pain management, referred pain, diagnostic spinal interventions and the importance of doing regular physiotherapy exercises on a scale from 0 to 100 (with 0 being poor and 100 as an excellent description) in conveying the concepts they are supposed to communicate. They were also asked if they would consider using them in their clinical practice on a five point Likert scale (1 being very likely and 5 very unlikely).

Results:

We had 142 responses. Over 50% were from Asia. About 88.7% were practicing anesthesia and pain management. The average score for achieving consensus on the concepts ranged from 70 to 76 out of 100 for the five metaphors and analogies. Sixty-six percent to 76% of HCPs were “very likely” or “likely” to use them in their clinical practice. The average score for promoting self-management with the multimodal pain management metaphor and analogy was 63 and 68 out of 100, respectively.

Conclusions:

Most HCPs who manage chronic pain indicated that the metaphor and analogies surveyed convey their key concepts. Sixty-six percent to 76% of respondents were “very likely” or “likely” to use these in their clinical practice.
Comparison of Analgesia Efficacy between Magnesium Sulfate and Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Tewari Samridhi , Maurya Ram Gopal , Rai Sudhir Kumar , Maurya Indubala , Sonker Shamshir Kumar , Srivastava Divakar
Published: February 2025

Background:

Brachial plexus block, a widely used technique, offers effective regional anesthesia and analgesia for upper extremity surgeries. Compared to general anesthesia, its increasing popularity can be attributed to its safety, efficacy, patient satisfaction, and reduced hospital stay. The use of adjuvants with local anesthetics enhances the quality and duration of analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as adjuvants to ropivacaine in patients undergoing supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery.

Methods:

In this prospective randomized study, 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II patients undergoing elective upper limb surgery under peripheral nervous system-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block were randomized into two groups. Group RD (n = 50) received 8 mg dexamethasone + 0.75% ropivacaine (total volume 30 ml) and Group RM (n = 50) 200 mg MgSO4 + 0.75% ropivacaine (total volume 30 ml). Duration and quality of analgesia, onset, and duration of sensory and motor blocks were assessed.

Results:

Onset of sensory and motor block was significantly faster in Group RD (13.20 ± 1.93 and 17.44 ± 2.54 min) as compared to Group RM (15.88 ± 2.50 and 19.26 ± 2.54 min). Duration of sensory and motor block was also significantly longer in Group RD (1184.40 ± 111.96 and 1093.80 ± 91.56 min) as compared to Group RM (468.60 ± 62.07 and 385.80 ± 45.36 min). Duration of analgesia was prolonged in group RD (1211.12 ± 111.22) as compared to group RM (498.18 ± 64.44 min) (P < 0.001). Proportion of those using two or more rescue analgesic dosages was significantly higher in Group RM (100%) as compared to that in Group RD (16%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Dexamethasone outperformed MgSO4 as an adjuvant to ropivacaine during supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Spontaneous Regression of a Lumbar Juxtafacet Cyst: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ozturk Yasar , Ocal Ozgur , Encarnacion-Santos Daniel A , Ozdemir Kaan Tugberk , Bozkurt Ismail , Chmutin Gennady , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: February 2025

This report examines the rare phenomenon of spontaneous regression of a lumbar perineural cyst. Lumbar perineural cysts, typically associated with nerve root compression, are generally managed surgically. However, instances of nonsurgical resolution have been documented. A 54-year-old male presented with lower back and left leg pain, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealing a perineural cyst at the left L4–L5 level. Choosing conservative management, the patient experienced an unexpected and swift regression of the cyst, confirmed by follow-up MRI. This case illustrates the potential for conservative management in lumbar perineural cysts and underscores the importance of individualized patient care. It challenges the traditional surgical preference and advocates for flexible, patient-centered treatment approaches in spinal pathology.
Prospective analysis of 246 fires of da Vinci SureForm SmartFire stapler in colorectal cancer: First Indian study
Authors: Somashekhar S. P. , Saldanha Elroy , Kumar Rohit , Shah Kush , Dahiya Akhil , Ashwin K. R.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

One of the critical steps involved is the distal transection of the rectum in rectal cancer surgeries. Multiple staple firings have been proven to increase the rate of anastomotic leakage. In this study, we intended to learn the effectiveness of the robotic SureForm SmartFire (SS) stapling system and its application in robotic sigmoid colon and rectal procedures performed at our institution.

Patients and Methods:

Prospective study of patients who underwent surgeries for sigmoid/rectal cancer at our centre was considered. During the surgery, SS staplers were used, and its internal data log with regard to reload selection by the colour, reloads, clamp attempts and staple fires was considered along with intra- and post-operative outcomes.

Results:

246 firings were done in 147 cases with mean body mass index of 26.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2; mean blood loss was 53.6 ± 21.8 ml. None of our patients had stapler-related complications, and the mean length of stay was 7.18 ± 1.5 days. Average reloads used in robotic-low anterior resection (LAR) were 1.73 with the fire attempts beyond lap angle occurring only in robotic-assisted LAR (RA-LAR)/abdominoperineal resection in 87 fires (41%) with 120 instances of controlled and sequential pauses occurred in 246 fires once fire pedal was activated.

Conclusion:

Apart from oncological nodal and margin clearance in the carcinoma rectum surgery, obtaining adequate distal margin, sphincter preserving approach and distal transection of the rectum forms one of the key steps in the low anterior resection. Robotic SS staplers have 120° angulation in both axes with EndoWrist technology that has better manoeuvrability within the confines of the pelvis.
Comparison of Subcutaneous Lignocaine versus Vapocoolant Salbutamol Spray for Intravenous Cannulation in Adult Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Shah Shagun Bhatia , Shah Isha , Bhatnagar Vishal , Chawla Rajiv , Anand Simarpreet Singh , Gulati Sweta
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

Several techniques have been employed to mitigate the pain of venipuncture, a moderately painful procedure. A topical creams-eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (LAs), LA injections and vapocoolant sprays have inherent drawbacks. The quest for the ideal (efficacious, quick, pain-free, cost-effective and minimal/no side effects) intravenous (IV) cannulation analgesia is ongoing.

Methods:

This interventional, two-arm, single-centric study included 80 patients randomised to lignocaine injection (Group L) and Vapocoolant/asthalin spray (Group V) groups to evaluate the pain on IV cannulation at a tertiary care hospital. The primary outcome measure was the pain-numeric rating scale (NRS) score on venipuncture. An independent sample t-test was used for intergroup comparison, a paired sample t-test was used for intragroup comparison and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for normally distributed, continuous variables. The Chi-square test was performed for the categorical variables, and the Welsch test for intergroup comparison of pain NRS scores, assuming unequal variances from f-test results.

Results:

The pain NRS score at the time of LA prick/vapocoolant spray was lower in the Group V, and this difference (3 points) was both statistically (P < 0.001) and clinically significant. At the time of IV cannula introduction (venipuncture), NRS was lower in the Group V by 0.58 points on an 11-point scale.

Conclusion:

The vapocoolant technique (augmented by salbutamol in an asthalin inhaler) produces a more significant reduction in pain, heart rate and stress response during IV cannulations without significant side effects and may emerge as an efficacious, quick-acting, easily accessible, cost-effective and safe analgesic technique for IV cannulations.
Laryngofissure for Airway Management in Thyroid Malignancy - ‘Food for Thought’
Authors: Rajappa Rashmi Nulenur , Venkatesh P. , Ranganath Namrata , Arathi B. H.
Published: February 2025

Paediatric thyroid cancer (PTC) is a rare disease, and treatment for thyroid malignancy is primarily surgical. Airway considerations can be challenging in such surgeries. An 8-year-old boy with a huge neck mass and a history of hoarseness and stridor at rest was diagnosed with PTC and scheduled to undergo total thyroidectomy with bilateral neck dissection. Airway imaging showed critical airway narrowing. An awake tracheostomy under local anaesthesia was planned. As the thyroid lesion was adherent to the trachea, tracheostomy was unsuccessful in an awake, agitated child and the surgeon had to perform laryngofissure (median thyrotomy) as a desperate measure to access the airway. The endotracheal tube was railroaded over a bougie through the laryngofissure opening. General anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade was provided subsequently. The surgery was uneventful. A conventional tracheostomy was performed at the end of the surgery, and the laryngofissure opening was closed in layers.
Retrograde Urethrography and Voiding Cystourethrography: Indications and Findings in Patients Presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Jos, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Owoicho Igoh Emmanuel , Anthony Gabkwet Epga , Othniel Iyua Kuleve , Denen Atsukwei , Jimoh Salaam Abdul , Folake Taiwo Yetunde , Moses Danjem Samuel , Dogara Ahmed , Daniel Pam Stephen , Ugochukwu Iroha
Published: February 2025

Background:

Urethrography is a radiologic procedure that optimizes imaging evaluation of the urethra, particularly in settings of difficulty with micturition or urethral injury. Urethrography remains the gold standard imaging tool, providing reliable and accurate diagnosis and staging of urethral stricture disease.

Materials and Methods:

A 10-year review of patients’ archive who had retrograde urethrography or combined urethrography examinations in a peripheral facility from January 2014 to December 2023 was carried out. A total of 247 patients with complete records who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Demographic data, clinical indications, and the imaging findings were documented. The data were collated, entered into a computer, and processed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23, to determine frequencies (means ± standard deviations). The results are presented using frequency tables and percentages as appropriate. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence interval of 95%.

Results:

The examination was normal in 89 (36.0%) patients. Urethral stricture was the commonest abnormality (44.5%) and commonly affects the bulbar urethra (70.9%). About 83.6% of the patients with stricture had 1–2 strictures while 16.4% had multiple urethral strictures. About 63.6% of patients with urethral strictures had short segment stricture, which was common at the bulbar urethra.

Conclusion:

Urethrography is an effective and cheap means of imaging the urethra mostly indicated on account of strictures and lower urinary tract symptoms. The urethral stricture is the commonest abnormal finding, which commonly affects the bulbar urethra.
Comparative Evaluation of the Degree of Liver Fibrosis on Ultrasound-Based Fibroscan and Hyaluran Tests in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Egbo Benjamin , Ani Charles , Abdul Salaam , Imoh Lucius , Ibinaiye Philip
Published: February 2025

Background:

Chronic liver disease (CLD) in the clinical context is a disease process affecting the liver, which involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Both FibroScan, which is an ultrasound study also known as transient elastography, and Hyaluran test (biochemical test) are rapid safe non-invasive examinations of the liver, which can be used to monitor the degree and progression of fibrotic changes in the liver.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of liver fibrosis, as measured on ultrasound-based FibroScan and Hyaluran tests in CLD.

Materials and Methods:

This was a two-stage comparative study carried out on patients with clinically diagnosed CLD and non-CLD subjects at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) from January to June 2022. The first stage involved the use of ultrasound-based FibroScan to assess the degree of tissue stiffness in the liver of both CLD and non-CLD subjects. The unit of measurement of FibroScan is kilopascals (Kpa). In the second stage, blood samples were collected from CLD and non-CLD subjects for Hyaluran tests. The unit of measurement of Hyaluran tests is expressed in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

Results:

This study comprises of 75 apparently normal subjects and 75 CLD patients. The mean FibroScan level was significantly higher (17.55 ± 7.5 kPa) in patients with CLD compared to apparently normal subjects (5.06 ± 3.1 kPa), t = 5.783; P < 0.001. The mean Hyaluran value in the patients with CLD was 30.01 ± 20.39 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that in the normal subjects with the mean value of 20.39 ± 8.27 ng/mL, t = 3.784; P < 0.001. In evaluating the correlation between FibroScan and Hyaluran in assessing the degree of fibrosis using the Spearman correlation coefficient, it was observed that the degree of fibrosis at the earlier stage (minimal) signifies a positive but weak correlation (P = 0.151), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.492). However, mild/moderate and severe fibrosis demonstrate moderate positive (P = 0.505 and 0.550) and statistically significant correlation with P value of 0.020 and 0.011, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the mean FibroScan value in non-CLD and CLD cases. The results also indicated statistically significant difference in the mean Hyaluran value in non-CLD and the CLD cases. The study demonstrated a significant correlation between Hyaluran and FibroScan in assessing the degree of moderate and severe fibrosis in CLD.
Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, but not soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1: as a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis
Authors: Bedewy Nermeen K. , Kandil Mona H. , Tammam Haitham M. , Nomair Azhar M.
Published: February 2025

Background

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate, with respect to other markers, the significance of two soluble surface markers in sepsis: soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1).

Patients and methods

The patients were divided into three groups: the total sepsis group included 40 individuals with sepsis and septic shock; the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) group included 20 patients; and the control group included 20 healthy volunteers. suPAR and sTREM-1 were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to determine their significance in sepsis.

Results

The suPAR was greater in both the sepsis group (P<0.001) and the septic shock group (P=0.001) than in the control group, and it was greater in the sepsis group than in the SIRS group (P=0.05). sTREM-1 was not significantly different across the studied groups (P=0.159). suPAR and sTREM-1 levels did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors (P=0.64 and 0.62, respectively).

Conclusion

The suPAR was able to distinguish the sepsis group from the control group with high specificity, the sepsis group from the SIRS group with low sensitivity and specificity, and the septic shock group from the control group; however, the suPAR did not have a value in detecting mortality. However, sTREM-1 did not contribute to the diagnosis or prognosis of sepsis in this study.
Early initiation of gastric tube feeding: ultrasound assessment. A prospective interventional study
Authors: Elbardan Islam M. , Alla Ossman Ahmed A. , El Kayal Nada , ElRazek Abd-Rabih Assem A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Early enteral nutrition is crucial in managing critically ill patients. Ultrasound is a promising modality for evaluating gastric residual volume (GRV).

Aim

This research was designed to study the effects of early initiation of enteral tube feeding in critically ill patients.

Patients and methods

Fifty critically ill patients aged 18 years or older, indicated for early initiation of enteral tube feeding, underwent ultrasound GRV and clinical assessment to monitor feeding tolerability as the primary outcome. The impact on the nutritional status, clinical outcomes, and efficacy of gastric ultrasound for guiding the initiation and continuation of gastric tube feeding by tracing GRV were studied as secondary outcomes.

Results

After early enteral tube feeding initiation, gastric intolerance symptoms were observed as follows: nausea in seven (14%) patients, vomiting in seven (14%) patients, constipation in nine (18%) patients, abdominal distention in six (12%) patients, and diarrhea in six (12%) patients. On day 1, 94% of patients reached their daily feeding goals, with 96% consistently meeting them in the following days. The participants had a statistically significant increase in serum prealbumin levels from a mean of 18.75±4.61 to 20.85±5.76 mg/dl (P<0.001). At the same time, mid-arm circumference decreased from a mean of 30.52±5.01 to 29.71±5.10 cm (P=0.004). A mean ICU length of stay of 10±2 days and a 28-day mortality rate of 14% was recorded. A poor agreement was statistically found between the clinical picture of feed intolerance and GRV measured by ultrasound.

Conclusion

Early enteral tube feeding initiation in critically ill patients guided by GRV ultrasound assessment could be tolerated with a possible beneficial impact on the patient’s nutritional status and clinical outcomes. GRV assessment using ultrasound showed poor agreement with the clinical picture of feed intolerance.
Usefulness of the self-administered odour questionnaire for patients with olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Hirose T , Saito T , Okazaki K , Fushimi K , Tsuzuki K
Published: February 2025

Background: The self-administered odour questionnaire (SAOQ), consisting of 20 odours familiar to Japanese people, is proposed
as a scoring system for the quantitative evaluation of sense of smell. We examined the correlations between the SAOQ and the
standard olfactory test covered by insurance in Japan and evaluated the usefulness of the SAOQ in patients with olfactory dysfunction
(OD).
Methodology: Data from 3048 patients undergoing treatment for OD between June 2005 and September 2021 were retrospectively
analysed. The causative diseases of OD were identified. Correlations between the SAOQ score and olfactory detection and
recognition thresholds (DT and RT) were investigated using olfaction tests. The characteristics of each itemised odour of the SAOQ
for each causative disease were analysed.
Results: Causative diseases of OD were: chronic rhinosinusitis (43%), post-viral (25%), post-traumatic (6%), central nervous system
dysfunction (2%), peripheral nervous system dysfunction (2%), congenital (1%), psychogenic (1%), or idiopathic (20%). The SAOQ score correlated with DT and RT in both the pre- and post-treatment stages. The median SAOQ scores significantly declined with
RT severity. Analysis of the itemised odour scores of the SAOQ showed that ‘strawberry’ was the most declined-odour, while ‘perfume’
was the most preserved-odour.
Conclusions: The SAOQ is a useful scoring interview system for evaluating sense of smell.
Manuel de Falla’s Music Theater and Russian Art of the Early 20th Century (Meyerhold and Stravinsky)
Authors: Kryazheva I. A.
Published: February 2025

The music theater of the Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, in particular, his most significant and representative work El Retablo de maese Pedro (Master Peter’s Puppet Show), is examined through the lens of the trends in theater relevant in early 20th century. Those include the diminishing role of the psychological theater and the developing conventional imagery of the representation theatre. Thus, Manuel de Falla’s Music Theater has clear parallels with the theater of the Russian avant-garde and with the work of artists such as Vsevolod Meyerhold and Igor Stravinsky. These similarities stem from the influence of various forms of ancient popular theater, fair and puppet shows, street «balagan» culture (balagans are temporary buildings where shows were set), which became subject of intense artistic reflection. Meyerhold pioneered the discovery of this new system of images as he presented his stage version of Aleksandr Blok’s «Balaganchik», revived the characters of the Italian comedy of masks on stage, as well as the openly playful nature of the action, and destroyed the invisible «fourth» wall separating the audience from the actors. Stravinsky’s ballet «Petrushka» is another example of how ballet embraces «balagan» culture. In this case, Stravinsky’s musical and theatrical aesthetic and style had a direct impact on the work of the Spanish composer. However, this influence manifests itself on a deeply individual level. On balance, the work of Manuel de Falla is explored as part of the most modern trends of his time.
¡No Pasaran! The Image of Spain and the Image of the Enemy in a Soviet Information Photo Album of 1937
Authors: Grantseva E. O.
Published: February 2025

The paths of Russia and Spain crossed several times in the 20th century. The Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 has always been and remains a topic that attracts the attention of experts and influences the development of a multifaceted cultural dialogue between the two countries. The events of those years contributed greatly to shaping the image of Spain in the Soviet Union. In recent decades, a number of works have been published, exploring not only the image of Spain in the USSR in the 1930s, but also the image of the enemy, which emerged as the first direct military confrontation with fascist regimes took place. An important topic analyzed in these works is the tools of visual securitization, which involves the formation of the enemy image by visual means. This paper is based on the materials included in the photo album ¡No pasaran! They will not pass! published by the Central Committee of the Komsomol in 1937. This source traditionally falls into the category of photo journalism. It is a type of source that is not examined much in literature, yet it is interesting as it combines visual images and verbal characteristics that reinforce stereotypical perceptions and key mythologems relevant to that period. The material illustrates how the image of Spain took shape in the USSR during the Civil War and how the image of the enemy emerged before World War II. The album was published as part of a pro-Spain campaign in the Soviet Union, when the Republican faction was still believed to win soon. The verbal content of the album is stronger than the images in terms of impact, although it is usually the visual content that is more impactful. Unlike poster art with its potential for visual securitization, a photo album, which combines extensive textual material with low-quality images, reinforces stereotypical ideas by combining these two sources of information, with the obvious dominance of the former.
Mekân Tasarımında Malzeme Bilgisi Eğitimi İçin Artırılmış Gerçeklik Destekli Yeni Nesil Yaklaşımlar
Authors: Ural Ayşe Gülçin
Published: February 2025

Mimarlık ve iç mimarlık meslekleri somut ürünler ortaya koyan, koyduğu ürünler ile kullanıcıya güvenlik, estetik, dayanıklılık garantisi vadeden mesleklerdir. Dolayısıyla mimar ve iç mimar adayı olan öğrenciler, eğitimleri esnasında pek çok bilgi edinebilmelerine rağmen, bunların somutlaşmasında eksik noktalar kalmaktadır. Bu eksik noktalar ise meslek hayatına atıldıktan sonra tamamlanabilmektedir. Çeşitli çalışma alanlarında, yenilikçi yaklaşımlar ile teknolojiden faydalanılarak eksik noktaların tamamlanabildiği gibi, mimarlık ve iç mimarlık eğitiminde de teknolojiden üst düzeyde faydalanılması artık çağımızın gerekliliklerindendir. Mekân tasarımı eğitiminde çoğunlukla teorik ya da iki boyutlu bir anlatımda sıkışan malzeme dersi, daha gerçekçi bir hale gelme ihtimali üzerine düşünülmesi gereken zorunlu derslerden biridir. Mekân tasarımı eğitimi esnasında somutlaşamayan noktalara dair artırılmış gerçeklikten(ar) yararlanarak, öğrenciye maksimum düzeyde katkı sağlanabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte henüz Türkiye özelinde, mekân tasarımı eğitiminde kullanılmadığı düşünülen gelişkin teknolojik yöntemlerin ve artırılmış gerçekliğin olanaklarının, mimarlık ve iç mimarlık eğitimine dahil edilmesine dair bir model geliştirilebileceği ön görülmektedir. Yöntem olarak seçilen nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden genel tarama modeli ve belgesel tarama modeli ile görülmüştür ki; mimarlık eğitiminde artırılmış gerçeklik araştırmaları ve girişimleri yapılmış olsa da malzeme dersi kapsamında yapılmış girişimler kısıtlıdır. Bu problemden yola çıkarak araştırmanın amacı, malzeme dersinde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisinden faydalanarak daha gelişkin sonuçlar alınabileceğini, teknik araştırmalar ve nitel araştırmalar ile kanıtlamaktır.
O problema da Educação Financeira perante a sociedade brasileira e as contribuições da escola para a mudança de realidade das famílias
Authors: Prado Paola do , Pereira Luiz Henrique Ferraz
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo busca destacar, com dados estatísticos, a realidade brasileira perante aspectos da Educação Financeira, assim como, apresentar as contribuições que o ambiente escolar pode proporcionar para as crianças e jovens na procura por informações de qualidade referentes à temática. Os apontamentos foram baseados principalmente nas determinações da Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Concluiu-se, que a população necessita de ações que promovam a Educação Financeira de maneira aplicada à realidade e que as instituições de ensino são uma das principais fontes de conhecimento para esse fim. Porém, é necessário o investimento em formação de professores e a elaboração de materiais didáticos de qualidade para o estudo da Educação Financeira nas escolas.
Untreated HSV Leading to Neonatal Death
Authors: Sawyer Meghan , Thomas Sharon
Published: February 2025

We discuss a case of a 10-day-old infant who presented in fulminant early-onset sepsis due to HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus), the patient ultimately succumbed to illness due to septic shock. The patient’s mother received a diagnosis of HSV in the days following delivery. However, without a system in place to connect a maternal diagnosis to the infant, the baby was not treated empirically. We discuss the early signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis, including those that were present in this patient. Further emphasis is placed on the importance of early detection and prompt treatment of HSV sepsis due to the high mortality rate of the disease, including the potential need for a notification system to inform pediatricians and family practitioners about maternal post-partum diagnoses.
Treinamento resistido de alta velocidade e mobilidade em idosos. Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Paula Marckson da Silva , Bezerra Jani Cléria Pereira , Vale Rodrigo Gomes de Souza , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: February 2025

Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do treinamento resistido de alta velocidade na melhoria da mobilidade de idosos com limitação de movimento. Foram inicialmente identificados 1667 artigos nas bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase e Lilacs, dos quais 1489 foram analisados e 6 selecionados para o estudo, com uma amostra de 374 idosos (118 homens e 256 mulheres), com idades entre 65 e 94 anos. O Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) foi o instrumento mais utilizado para avaliar a mobilidade (83,3%). Todos os estudos demonstraram melhorias na mobilidade e/ou na potência muscular dos membros inferiores. A qualidade metodológica variou de 12 a 13 pontos na escala Testex (máximo de 15). Conclui-se que o treinamento resistido de alta velocidade é eficaz na melhoria da mobilidade de idosos com limitações de mobilidade.
Konsep Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial Dalam Memilih Dan Menyetujui Hakim Agung Untuk Mewujudkan Hakim Agung Yang Agung Dan Berintegritas
Authors: Rosdianto Didiet , Ismail  , Hartana
Published: February 2025

Lembaga DPR-RI memiliki fungsi legislasi, pengawasan, dan anggaran, namun juga terlibat dalam proses pemilihan Hakim Agung melalui wewenang konstitusionalnya. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan konflik kepentingan, mengingat anggota DPR-RI berasal dari partai politik dan memiliki kewenangan untuk memilih serta menyetujui calon Hakim Agung yang seharusnya independen sebagai bagian dari lembaga yudikatif. Potensi permasalahan hukum muncul ketika terjadi kasus yang membutuhkan penyelesaian peradilan, terutama jika ada indikasi ketidakpatuhan terhadap regulasi yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) untuk mengkaji norma-norma hukum yang terkait, termasuk undang-undang dan peraturan turunannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan DPR-RI dalam seleksi dan persetujuan calon Hakim Agung menjadi tantangan bagi independensi kekuasaan kehakiman di Indonesia. Potensi konflik kepentingan dalam uji kelayakan dan kepatutan tidak selaras dengan prinsip pemisahan kekuasaan sebagaimana diatur dalam UUD 1945. Oleh karena itu, seleksi calon Hakim Agung idealnya harus berorientasi pada integritas, profesionalisme, dan transparansi tanpa intervensi politik.
Supplementation of Yellow River carp diet with lutein and ferrous fumarate: Growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, skin pigmentation, and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Ren Hongtao , Cao Xiang , Guo Xiangzhi , Yuan Peng
Published: February 2025

In this study, the effect of the diet with lutein and ferrous fumarate on Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied, aiming to evaluate skin pigmentation, intestinal digestive enzymes, intestinal microbial diversity, and growth performance. Three experimental diets, including a control group, a lutein group (150mg/kg lutein), and a lutein and ferrous fumarate mixture group (150mg/kg lutein and 100mg/kg ferrous fumarate), were designed. The carp (N=135; 25.0±2.0g) were fed with experimental diets for 42 days. The results showed that the intestosomatic index (ISI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) of the carp fed with lutein and ferrous fumarate were increased, accompanied by significant changes in body color, with the higher value of blue (b), color difference (ΔE) and chroma (Ch) compared with control group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the higher activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin were observed in the mixture group (P<0.05). High-throughput sequencing and Venn diagrams revealed that lutein or ferrous fumarate has obvious effects on the intestinal microbiota community of carp. The abundance of Actinobacteria and Flavobacterium was significantly increased in the carp fed with the mixture group compared with the control group. In conclusion, the addition of lutein and ferrous fumarate to the feed can change the skin pigmentation and intestinal microbial composition of Yellow River carp, thereby enhancing the coloring effect and digestive function of the fish. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing feed formulation and aquaculture management, which can contribute to the improvement of the quality and farming efficiency of Yellow River carp.
The Importance Of Laws Aimed at Combating Crime and Corruption In Ensuring Social Justice In Uzbekistan
Authors: Hamroyev Saidjon Sanoyevich
Published: February 2025

The essay emphasises the relevance of practical law-based systems in Uzbekistan for ensuring social justice, reducing crime, and fighting corruption, emphasising their critical role in the country’s stable growth and the preservation of individuals’ rights. These systems promote governmental and societal transparency, social justice, and long-term stability. Legal changes, new techniques, and social-legal education for youth in Uzbekistan are being adopted with the goal of lowering crime and efficiently combating corruption. Furthermore, the piece examines the government’s initiatives aimed at ensuring stability
Criminal-Legal Characterization and Problems of Qualification of the Facts of Committing Bullying
Authors: Kaztayevna Yeleusizova Gulmira , Irmenova Aiya , Kan Alexandr , Brylevskiy Andrey , Yedressov Serik
Published: February 2025

Relevance: The relevance of the study is due to the fact that currently only administrative responsibility is provided for bullying (cyberbullying). However, the facts of bullying, which entailed serious consequences, require qualification according to the elements of crimes provided for by criminal law, which in practice causes certain difficulties.
 
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to consider the normative legal norms establishing the legal consequences of harassment, to present its criminal legal characteristics and to analyze the characteristics of the qualification of the facts of its commission.
 
Methodology: In the course of the study, the formal legal method and the method of analysis and synthesis were used, which made it possible to achieve the purpose of the study.
 
Results: The result of the study was the study of the main legislative novelties concerning bullying (bullying), as well as the presentation of a theoretical criminal law model of the phenomenon under consideration. The main problems faced by the domestic law enforcement officer in qualifying the fact of bullying are highlighted and possible solutions are presented. 
 
Conclusions: The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that it is the scientific study of such a phenomenon as bullying (cyberbullying) that will contribute to solving the issue of its criminalization. The establishment of clear scientific criteria for criminalization of acts should become reliable guidelines for the research process.
Unlocking potential: how project-based learning influences kindergarten motor skills
Authors: Paramita Muji Anggarda , Bentri Alwen , Jamaris Jamaris , Rakimahwati Rakimahwati , Hidayati Abna , Darmansyah Darmansyah , Hidayat Hendra
Published: February 2025

Introduction: various studies have shown that the Project-Based Learning (PBL) has a significant impact on learning across different educational levels. However, there is an empirical gap, particularly regarding the implementation of PBL in early childhood education. Research in this age is still limited, especially in evaluating the impact of PBL on early childhood motor skills.
Objective: this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PBL in improving gross and fine motor skills in early childhood. The main focus of this study is to encouraging the development of childrens’ entrepreneurial spirit through activities such as batik making, exploring the garden, and games.
Methodology: this research uses a pre-test and post-test experimental design to evaluate changes in motor skills quantitatively. The participants consist of 10 early childhood from TK Islam Nibras and 10 early childhood from TK Lentera Qolbu.
Results: the analysis results show that early childhood involved in PBL activities experienced significant improvement in coordination, body balance, large muscle strength, as well as the ability to complete tasks requiring hand precision and hand-eye coordination.
Conclusions: it is important for teachers to tailor the projects to each child's needs and abilities, and to provide an environment that supports their motor development.
Analysis of Labor Force Participation Rate in Riau Province: A Spatial Autoregressive Approach
Authors: Adnan Arisman , Erda Gustriza , Sirait Tesa Theresia
Published: February 2025

The labor force participation rate (LFPR) is one of the important indicators for measuring the participation of the labor force involved in economic activities. In Riau Province, LFPR has exceeded half the population, resulting in increasingly tight job competition. This research aims to model the factors influencing LFPR in Riau Province in 2021 using the Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR). Based on the Moran Index, there is positive spatial autocorrelation in LFPR, while based on the Lagrange Multiplier test, the SAR model is appropriate to use because of the lag dependence on the dependent variable. SAR analysis shows that the non-labor force variables (????1), poverty line (????2), productive age population (15-64 years) (????3), and population growth rate (????4) have a significant positive influence on LFPR. In contrast, the type ratio variable gender (????5) has a negative influence. Apart from that, a lag coefficient of 0.4935 was obtained, which means that if the value of the LFPR figure in a region increases by 1 unit, it will increase by 0.4935 times the average LFPR in neighboring areas of the region. This highlights the need for policies aimed at increasing the LFPR to account for regional coordination, as changes in one area's LFPR can influence adjacent regions. Consequently, the Riau Provincial Government should promote collaboration among districts and cities to formulate a cohesive strategy, while each district should design policies that align with their unique local characteristics and the spatial dynamics of surrounding areas.