bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Puddles on the Road”
Authors: Rohilla Latika , Kumar Rakesh , Walia Priyanka , Yadav Jaivinder , Dayal Devi
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

This study was conducted to investigate the pathway from first symptoms to initiation of insulin regimen in children with new-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and explore the reasons behind diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset among children with T1DM.

Materials and Methods:

An exploratory study was conducted using a pretested questionnaire, among parents of children diagnosed with T1DM within preceding 3 months.

Results:

Out of the total 105 children, 56.1% were males. The median age was 7 years. The commonest reported symptoms were polydipsia (97.8%), polyuria (75.2%), and nocturia (75.2%). The mean time taken by parents from onset of symptoms to decide to visit the physician (appraisal gap) was 7.85 ± 7.95 days. The help-seeking gap (from decision-making to visiting a physician) was 3.01 ± 8.31 days, diagnostic gap (from first visit to diagnosis) was 4.19 ± 6.72 days, and the treatment gap (from diagnosis to the start of insulin) was 2.12 ± 6.87 days. The DKA at onset (was present in 39 out of 105 children 37.1%) and was higher among children with lower per-capita income (P-0.017), lack of previous experience among parents (P-0.017), longer appraisal (P-0.023), and treatment gap (P-0.009).

Conclusion:

Increasing awareness about the diabetes among children among the public and primary healthcare workers can help prevent DKA at onset.
Clinical, Etiological and Laboratory Profile of Children with Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD)-Experience from a Tertiary Pediatric Endocrine Unit in Western India
Authors: Jahagirdar Rahul , Khadilkar Vaman , Deshpande Ruma , Lohiya Nikhil
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

To present the clinical profile, diagnostic work-up, and management of children with Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD).

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study from a tertiary pediatric endocrine unit of western India. We included 39 patients who presented over a period of 9 years from June 2009 to June 2018.

Results:

Nineteen patients (48.7%) were diagnosed with 46 XY DSD, 16 (41%) with 46 XX DSD, and 4 (10.3%) with sex chromosomal DSD. Out of 46 XY DSD, androgen insensitivity was observed in 8 (42.1%) patients, 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in 5 (26.3%), gonadal dysgenesis in 3 (15.8%), ovotesticular DSD in 2 (10.5%) and 17 beta-hydroxylase (17γ-HSD3) deficiency in 1 (5.3%). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was the most common cause in 46 XX DSD observed in 11 (68.75%) out of 16 patients, ovotesticular DSD was seen in 4 (25%) patients and testicular DSD in 1 (6.25%) patient. In sex chromosomal DSD 3 (75%) patients had mixed gonadal dysgenesis and 1 (25%) had ovotesticular DSD out of a total of 4 patients. At presentation gender of rearing was assigned as male in 16 (41%) patients, female in 20 (51.3%) patients, and no gender was assigned in 3 (7.7%). The gender of rearing was changed after diagnosis in 6 (16.7%) children.

Conclusion:

CAH was the most common etiology of 46 XX DSD whereas androgen insensitivity among 46 XY DSD. Assigning the sex of rearing should not be hurried and should be done only after diagnosis and parental counseling. A multidisciplinary and systematic approach is required for children with DSD.
Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Bhat Javaid Ahmad , Masoodi Shariq Rashid , Bhat Moomin Hussain , Bhat Hilal , Ahmad Peerzada Ovais , Sood Mona
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

The lactate level is being increasingly used as a marker of severity of illness and prognosis in multitude of critical conditions. However, its role in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is not well defined.

Aim:

To determine the prevalence and clinical importance along with the underlying role of metformin in lactic acidosis (LA) in patients admitted with DKA.

Methods:

A 2-year prospective and observational study involving 62 consenting in hospital DKA patients. Plasma lactate level on arrival, its clinical significance and relationship with morbidity and mortality in patients with DKA was evaluated.

Results:

The prevalence of LA (lactate ≥2.5 mmol/l) among the study cohort was found to be 55% with significant LA (≥5 mmol/l) documented in 16%. The median lactate level was 2.55 mmol/l (interquartile range, 1.70–3.20). No significant difference in the severity of LA was seen with metformin use. Lactate correlated positively with initial plasma glucose (IPG) (P = 0.001) and APACHE-II Score (P = 0.002); correlated negatively with systolic blood pressure (P = 0.003), pH (P = 0.002) and severity of DKA (P = 0.001). After controlling for AKI, APACHE II score and blood pressure, lactate continued to correlate positively with IPG (P = 0.002). No mortality or significant morbidity was documented in the entire cohort.

Conclusions:

LA has a significant presence in patients with DKA; however, it is not associated with mortality or significant morbidity. Moreover, there was no significant difference in severity of LA with metformin use. Elevated lactate levels may be an adaptation to provide alternate substrate for metabolism in the presence of hypoinsulinemic state. The study results provide rationale for large well-designed studies evaluating in-depth clinical relationship of lactate in DKA.
An Analysis of Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients Admitted in a Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital
Authors: Khajuria Aayush , Bobdey Saurabh , Kumar Surinder , Sahu Rajesh , Vashisht Rohit , Bhaskar Vijay , Faujdar DS , Yadav Arun Kumar , Kaushik S. K. , Bhatia S. S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on Indian healthcare systems, with rapidly increasing demand for life-saving equipment and intensive care unit beds. The present study presents an analysis of average length of stay (LOS) as per different demographic and clinical factors in a dedicated COVID hospital. As the pandemic escalates, average LOS in COVID hospital will form the basis of determining the optimum requirement for healthcare resources (beds, staff, and equipment), which is a key priority for bolstering a strong public health response against COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

Using the medical records at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital, the demographic details and select clinical characteristics of 342 admitted patients (from July 13, 2020, to August 30, 2020) were abstracted. Hospital LOS, calculated from the actual admission and discharge dates, was compared within the categories of demographic and clinical characteristics using Student's test and analysis of variance. SPSS version 20 was used for descriptive as well as inferential statistics.

Results:

The mean LOS was 9.93 ± 4.45 days with a range of 3–37 days. LOS increased with increasing age, with maximum being for >61 years (12.69 ± 7.14) and minimum for the younger age category of <40 years (8.88 ± 1.95) (P = 0.001). As COVID-19 severity increased, LOS increased, with longest being for severe patients (25.59 ± 7.30) and shortest being for Mild patients (8.74 ± 1.80) (P = 0.001). LOS was also longer for patients having multiple comorbidities (13.00 ± 7.96) and shortest for those with no comorbidities (9.33 ± 2.96) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

LOS is significantly affected by age, severity, and comorbidities. The actual duration and factors influencing LOS are crucial for health administrators and policymakers to better allocate the already scarce health resources.
Automatic Generation of Structured Radiology Reports for Volumetric Computed Tomography Images Using Question-Specific Deep Feature Extraction and Learning
Authors: Loveymi Samira , Dezfoulian Mir Hossein , Mansoorizadeh Muharram
Published: July 2021

Background:

In today's modern medicine, the use of radiological imaging devices has spread at medical centers. Therefore, the need for accurate, reliable, and portable medical image analysis and understanding systems has been increasing constantly. Accompanying images with the required clinical information, in the form of structured reports, is very important, because images play a pivotal role in detect, planning, and diagnosis of different diseases. Report-writing can be exposure to error, tedious and labor-intensive for physicians and radiologists; to address these issues, there is a need for systems that generate medical image reports automatically and efficiently. Thus, automatic report generation systems are among the most desired applications.

Methods:

This research proposes an automatic structured-radiology report generation system that is based on deep learning methods. Extracting useful and descriptive image features to model the conceptual contents of the images is one of the main challenges in this regard. Considering the ability of deep neural networks (DNNs) in soliciting informative and effective features as well as lower resource requirements, tailored convolutional neural networks and MobileNets are employed as the main building blocks of the proposed system. To cope with challenges such as multi-slice medical images and diversity of questions asked in a radiology report, our system develops volume-level and question-specific deep features using DNNs.

Results:

We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system on ImageCLEF2015 Liver computed tomography (CT) annotation task, for filling in a structured radiology report about liver CT. The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach, as compared to classic annotation methods.

Conclusion:

We have proposed a question-specific DNNbased system for filling in structured radiology reports about medical images.
A Fast Approximate Method for Predicting the Behavior of Auditory Nerve Fibers and the Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAP) Signal
Authors: Ghanaei Azam , Firoozabadi S. Mohammad P. , Sadjedi Hamed
Published: July 2021

Background:

The goal of the current research is to develop a model based on computer simulations which describes both the behavior of the auditory nerve fibers and the cochlear implant system as a rehabilitation device.

Methods:

The approximate method was proposed as a low error and fast tool for predicting the behavior of auditory nerve fibers as well as the evoked compound action potential (ECAP) signal. In accurate methods every fiber is simulated; whereas, in approximate method information related to the response of every fiber and its characteristics such as the activation threshold of cochlear fibers are saved and interpolated to predict the behavior of a set of nerve fibers.

Results:

The approximate model can predict and analyze different stimulation techniques. Although precision is reduced to <1.66% of the accurate method, the required execution time for simulation is reduced by more than 98%.

Conclusion:

The amplitudes of the ECAP signal and the growth function were investigated by changing the parameters of the approximate model including geometrical parameters, electrical, and temporal parameters. In practice, an audiologist can tune the stimulation parameters to reach an effective restoration of the acoustic signal.
Signal Processing of Heart Rate for Predicting Sepsis in Premature Neonates
Authors: Mirnia Kayvan , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Afjeh Seyyed Abolfazl , Alizadeh Parinaz , Kashan Abbas Abaei , Bordbar Arash , Maghsoudi Amid
Published: July 2021

The heart rate characteristic (HeRO score) is a figure derived from the analysis of premature neonate's electrocardiogram signals, and can be used to detect infection before the onset of clinical symptoms. The United States and Europe accept this diagnostic technique, but we require more tests to prove its efficacy. This method is not accepted in other developed countries so far. The present study aimed to investigate changes in the heart characteristics of two neonates in Akbar Abadi Hospital in Tehran. Experts chose one newborn as a sepsis case, and the other neonate was healthy. The results were analyzed and compared with previous studies. In this research, a group of five neonates was selected randomly from the neonatal intensive care unit, and cardiac leads were attached to them for recording heart rates. We selected two neonates from the five cases, as a case (proven sepsis) and control, to analyze heart rate variability (HRV). Then, we compared the differences in the heart rate of both neonates. Analysis of HRV of these two neonates showed that the pattern of HRV is compatible with reports from US studies. Considering the results of this study, heart rates and their analysis can provide useful indicators for mathematical modeling before the onset of clinical symptoms in newborns.
The amyloid–melanin connection
Authors: Bhargava Puneet , Nijhawan Shivi , Singdia Heena , Garg Rohit , Chepa Neha , Mathur Deepak K.
Published: July 2021

Context:

Amyloidosis is group of rare diseases that are characterized by extracellular deposition of abnormal amyloid proteins either involving multiple organ systems (systemic amyloidosis) or restricted to a single-tissue site, such as skin (localized amyloidosis). In primary cutaneous amyloidosis, there is deposition of amyloid in apparently normal skin. The hyperpigmentation in all the lesions of primary cutaneous macular amyloidosis gives us an insight of a possibility of a connection between amyloid fibrils and melanogenesis.

Aims:

To compare the melanin content from the lesional skin of upper back and surrounding non-lesional skin of macular amyloidosis.

Settings and Design:

A hospital based, cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 6 months.

Methods and Materials:

Forty-two patients (30 females and 12 males) clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as macular amyloidosis were enrolled in the study. A Mexameter MX18 was used to measure the melanin index of the lesions of Macular amyloidosis over upper back and non-affected similar areas (control).

Results:

The melanin index of the lesional skin of female patients ranged from 552 to 823 (mean = 705.1). The melanin index of the lesional skin of male patients ranged from 621 to 792 (mean = 697.41). In the non-affected surrounding skin of females, the mean melanin index was 357.66, whereas in males, the melanin index of the surrounding normal skin was 296.75. The P value came out to be significant, that is, <0.05 in both males and females. Conclusions: There is a possible connection between amyloid fibrils and melanin synthesis. Amyloid protein in primary macular cutaneous amyloidosis may act as the precursors for melanogenesis.
Study of contact sensitivity to cosmetic allergens in melasma
Authors: Verma Sonali , Sarkar Rashmi , Sahoo Bijaylaxmi
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Melasma is a relatively common hypermelanotic disorder characterized by symmetrical light to gray-brown macules and patches involving photoexposed areas. Multiple factors have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis, including genetic factors, UV radiation, pregnancy, oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), thyroid dysfunction, and cosmetics. However, the role of cosmetics has not been well studied in melasma patients. The present study was designed to study the contact sensitivity to cosmetic allergens in patients with melasma.

Material and Methods:

Thirty patients with and thirty without melasma who visited Dermatology OPD between October 2015 and March 2017 were recruited according to selection criteria and were sequentially patch and photopatched with Indian cosmetic and fragrance series.

Results:

The mean age of melasma patients was 32.10 ± 6.62 years with female to male ratio of 1.72:1. Sixteen (53%) patients were found to show positive reactions on patch and photopatch testing with Indian cosmetic and fragrance series. Among 32 allergens tested, 15 allergens were found eliciting positive reaction. Thiomersol was the most common contact sensitizer eliciting positive reaction in six (38%) patients, followed by cetrimide, hexamine, and sorbitan each in three patients (19%). In the control group, only one (3.3%) subject showed positive contact allergy pattern. The results were significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

A possible consideration of the pigmented cosmetic dermatitis and cosmetic contact sensitivity is recommended in the etiologic factors of melasma especially, in nonpregnancy/lactation induced melasma or when it is not associated with hormone therapy. Contact sensitizers might also have a role in melasma that is recalcitrant to all standard therapies.
Bilateral red ears
Authors: Chakraborty Sayantani , Bhanja Dibyendu Bikash , Sil Abheek
Published: July 2021

Milian ear sign is a specific clinical finding that aides in differentiating erysipelas from facial cellulitis. The anatomical absence of subcutaneous tissue in pinna brings about this clinical distinction. Although bilateral Milian ear sign is rare, erysipelas should be considered when encountering patients presenting with red ears, among other differentials such as Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, auricular perichondritis, and red ear syndrome.
A compact bit-sliced representation of Kuznyechik S-box
Authors: Avraamova Ol'ga Dmitrievna , Fomin Denis Bonislavovich , Serov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Smirnov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Shokov Vasilii Nikolaevich
Published: July 2021

Рассматриваются способы реализации нелинейного преобразования блочного алгоритма шифрования с длиной блока 128 бит «Кузнечик» (ГОСТ Р 34.12-2015) и хеш-функции «Стрибог» (ГОСТ Р 34.11-2012). Показана возможность реализации подстановки за 226 логических операций.
On groups generated by ciphers based on Feistel network
Authors: Antipkin V G , Pasko Dmitrii O.
Published: July 2021

Исследуются шифры, построенные по схеме Фейстеля, у которых функции усложнения представляют собой одну или несколько итераций XSL-схемы. Приводятся достаточные условия, при которых итерационные преобразования таких шифров порождают знакопеременную группу. Применяемый подход основан на работе А.С. Маслова, в которой аналогичная задача решалась для XSL-шифров (SA-подстановок).
Construction of MDS matrices combining the Feistel, Misty and Lai-Massey schemes
Authors: Aulet R R , De La Krus Khimenes R A
Published: July 2021

В современной криптографии MDS-матрицы являются важным структурным элементом при синтезе блочных, поточных шифрсистем, а также при построении хеш-функций. Задача нахождения новых классов линейных преобразований, обеспечивающих, с одной стороны, криптографические качества алгоритма шифрования в целом, а с другой - допускающих эффективную программную и аппаратную реализацию, является нетривиальной. В данной статье предлагаются новые подходы к построению MDS-матриц размеров $4\times 4$, предназначенных для реализации на устройствах с ограниченными ресурсами, использующие схемы Фейстеля, Мисти и Лаи-Месси.
Side-channel attacks countermeasure based on decomposed S-boxes for Kuznyechik
Authors: Lavrenteva T A , Matveev S V
Published: July 2021

В работе предлагается реализация алгоритма стандарта ГОСТ 34.12-2018 (алгоритм «Кузнечик») с защитой от атак по побочным каналам. Защита основана на декомпозиции подстановки алгоритма и позволяет получить выигрыш в производительности и используемой памяти в сравнении с универсальными методами маскирования подстановок.
Identification of Self-Propelled Sweepers and Cleaning Equipment Part 1 - Machines with a Gross Vehicle Mass Greater than 5000 kg
Authors:   MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Published: July 2021

This SAE Standard applies to all self-propelled machines with a gross vehicle mass greater than 5000 kg that are utilized to clean material from highways, parking lots, airfield runways, outside paved areas that are principally exposed to vehicular traffic. These machines can also be involved with road construction or repaving work. Primary methods for material removal and cleaning can be by mechanical, pneumatic, washing and flushing systems, or in a combination of any system.
Fine needle aspiration in COVID-19 vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy
Authors: Hagen Cristina , Nowack Miriam , Messerli Michael , Saro Francesca , Mangold Felix , Bode Peter K.
Published: July 2021

AIMS
With ongoing intensive vaccination programme against COVID-19, numerous cases of adverse reactions occur, some of which represent rare events. Enlargement of the injection site’s draining lymph nodes is increasingly reported, but is not yet widely recognised as being possibly associated with recent vaccination. As patients at risk of a severe course of COVID-19, indicated by their medical history such as a previous diagnosis of malignancy, receive priority vaccination, newly palpable lymph nodes raise concerns of disease progression. In this case series, we report on five patients who presented with enlarged lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccination.

METHODS
Sonography guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in five patients presenting with PET-positive and/or enlarged lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccination with either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine.

RESULTS
COVID-19 vaccination had been carried out in all cases, with an interval of between 3 and 33 days prior to FNA. Three of five patients had a history of neoplasms. The vaccine was administered into the deltoid muscle, with subsequent enlargement of either the cervical, supra-, infra- or retroclavicular, or axillary lymph nodes, in four out of five cases ipsilaterally. In all cases, cytology and additional analyses showed a reactive lymphadenopathy without any sign of malignancy.

CONCLUSIONS
Evidence of newly enlarged lymph nodes after recent COVID-19 vaccination should be considered reactive in the first instance, occurring owing to stimulation of the immune system. A clinical follow-up according to the patient’s risk profile without further diagnostic measures is justified. In the case of preexisting unilateral cancer, vaccination should be given contralaterally whenever possible. Persistently enlarged lymph nodes should be re-evaluated (2 to) 6 weeks after the second dose, with additional diagnostic tests tailored to the clinical context. Fine needle aspiration is a well established, safe, rapid and cost-effective method to investigate an underlying malignancy, especially metastasis. Recording vaccination history, including date of injection, site and vaccine type, as well as communicating this information to treating physicians of different specialties is paramount for properly handling COVID-19 vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy.
Fikotoksini u morskim organizmima - potencijalna prijetnja sigurnosti potrošača
Authors: Kvrgić Kristina , Džafić Natalija , Pleadin Jelka
Published: July 2021

Fikotoksini predstavljaju skupinu prirodnih kemijskih kontaminanata u koje spadaju azaspiracidi (AZA), okadaična kiselina (OA) i njeni derivati, pektenotoksini (PTX), jesotoksini (YTX), ciklički imini (CI), domoična kiselina (DA), saksitoksini (STX), brevetoxini (BTX), ciguatoksini (CTX) i palitoksini (PlTX). Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja ukazuju na učestalu pojavnost fikotoksina u morskim organizmima, a poznato je da ove tvari mogu imati štetan učinak na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi, budući da su pored akutne toksičnosti pojedini ujedno i tumor promotori, odnosno da već i u malim koncentracijama pokazuju mutageno i toksično djelovanje u organizmu. Stoga su s ciljem zaštite zdravlja potrošača zakonodavstvom određene najveće dopuštene količine (NDK) fikotoksina u školjkaša, bodljikaša, plaštenjaka i morskih puževa (EZ 853/2004; EU 786/2013), iako neki od njih, poput cikličkih imina, još nisu uključeni u programe monitoringa, odnosno za njih legislativom nije određena NDK. U daljnjim istraživanjima, uz primjenu potvrdnih visokospecifičnih analitičkih metoda u ispitivanjima pojavnosti fikotoksina, potrebno je ispitati njihove učinke na osjetljiviji dio populacije te zbog mogućeg sinergičkog učinka u organizmu ustvrditi i supojavnost, kao i provesti procjenu izloženosti potrošača zbog prisustnosti ovih toksičnih tvari u različitim morskim organizmima namijenjenih konzumaciji. U ovom radu dan je pregled literaturnih spoznaja o svojstvima najznačajnijih predstavnika fikotoksina, njihovim toksičnim učincima u organizmu i pojavnosti u različitim vrstama morskih organizama.
Научная элита и власть - рецензия на книгу Ж.И. Алферова «Власть без мозгов. Отделение науки от государства»
Authors: Podvoisky Leonid Ya.
Published: July 2021

В рецензируемой работеособенно много внимания уделено проблеме науки и ее роли в жизни государства. Будучи активным общественным деятелем, академик Ж.И. Алферов хорошо знал, в каком состоянии находится современная российская наука и всегда активно отстаивал ее интересы. На протяжении всей книги он неоднократно сравнивает положение науки в современной России с тем, что было в советские времена. Он не идеализирует эти времена в целом, но полагает, что тогда наука развивалась высокими темпами и была востребована экономикой.Главная проблема российской науки сегодня это невостребованность научных результатов экономикой и обществом. Еще одна проблема - недостаточное финансирование, но это идет уже потом.Учитывая уроки прошлого, великий ученый и крупный общественный деятель Ж.А. Алферов предлагал хорошо обоснованные конкретные меры по выводу современной российской науки из того кризиса, в котором она находится.
PERLAKUAN PENGOLAHAN BAHAN BAKU PADA INSTALASI BIOGAS DI KELURAHAN SEMATANG BORANG KOTA PALEMBANG PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Pratiwi Irnanda , Andalia Winny , Madagaskar Madagaskar , Suryani Faizah , Aprilyanti Selvia
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

RT 04 Sematang Borang Village has utilized a biogas installation to process cow manure into both solid and liquid organic fertilizer and also produce biogas. The biogas fermentation process and organic fertilizer processing experienced problems due to the grass within the cow manure entering the digester, which was caused by a leak in the digester cover and the low quality of organic fertilizer produced in the outlet tub. This community service activity aims to treat waste raw materials so that the fermentation process can take place optimally. The presence of animal feed or grass in the inlet tub will interfere with the fermentation process and cause the digester lid to leak. In the implementation of this community service program, the focus is on improving the digester and adding tools to aid the process of separating cow dung raw materials so that the fermentation process can be optimized. The biogas formation process requires an airtight, oxygen-free, or anaerobic (closed) space. Treatment is done by separating cow manure raw materials from feed grass by using a filter to produce good raw materials in the biogas fermentation process. So that cow manure that enters the digester can be fermented optimally.

Keywords: Biogas; Digester; Fermentation; Cow Manure

 

ABSTRAK

RT 04 Kelurahan Sematang Borang, sudah menggunakan instalasi biogas yang gunanya untuk mengolah kotoran ternak sapi menjadi pupuk organik padat dan cair serta juga menghasilkan biogas. Proses fermentasi biogas dan pengolahan pupuk organik ini mengalami kendala yang disebabkan rumput kotoran sapi yang masuk ke dalam digester yang disebabkan oleh bocornya tutup digester serta belum maksimalnya kualitas pupuk organik yang dihasilkan pada bak outlet rendah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk  melakukan treatment pada bahan baku limbah sehingga proses fermentasi dapat berlangsung optimal. Adanya pakan ternak atau rumput di dalam bak inlet akan mengganggu proses fermentasi dan menyebabkan tutup digester bocor. Pada kegiatan pelaksanaan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini difokuskan pada perbaikan digester dan penambahan alat untuk proses pemisahan bahan baku kotoran sapi agar proses fermentasi lebih maksimal. Proses pembentukan biogas membutuhkan ruang yang kedap udara, tanpa oksigen atau anaerob (tertutup). Perlakuan pengolahan (treatment) dengan pemisahan bahan baku kotoran sapi dengan rumput pakan dengan menggunakan alat penyaring untuk menghasilkan bahan baku yang baik pada proses fermentasi biogas. Sehingga kotoran sapi yang masuk ke dalam digester dapat difermentasi secara maksimal.

Kata kunci: Biogas; Digester; Fermentasi; Kotoran Sapi
Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com paralisia cerebral atendidos na clínica de fisioterapia da Universidade São Judas Tadeu
Authors: Silva Carvalho dos Santos Natália , Da Conceição Moreira Larissa , Lima Almeida Maiara , Gomes da Silva Gislene , Martins Franciulli Patrícia
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A paralisia cerebral (PC) é uma doença causada por lesões ao encéfalo em desenvolvimento, sendo a principal fonte de deficiência física em crianças, podendo acarretar déficits nas funções neuromusculares que afetam diretamente a qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com PC atendidos na clínica de fisioterapia da Universidade São Judas Tadeu (CFUSJT). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, utilizando-se de estudo retrospectivo. Os dados foram colhidos dos prontuários de pacientes atendidos na CFUSJT. Critérios de inclusão: Prontuários físicos de pacientes atendidos no setor de fisioterapia neurofuncional em pediatria da CFUSJT, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020. Critérios de exclusão: Prontuários físicos de pacientes sem confirmação diagnóstica de PC após os dois anos de idade, além dos com mudança de diagnóstico após investigação do atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (ADNPM). Análise dos dados: Os dados foram tabulados e foi feita a análise estatística descritiva e percentual de cada item. Resultados: A prevalência da PC é maior no sexo masculino, acometendo em sua maioria crianças que nasceram prematuras e por via de parto normal. A idade média destes é de ±7,60 anos, tendo como o diagnóstico fisioterapêutico predominante a tetraplegia e a diplegia espástica. As intercorrências gestacionais mais prevalentes foram a eclampsia, parto de emergência e infecção urinária; e as intercorrências com as crianças foram convulsão e anóxia, hipóxia e problemas cardíacos. Conclusão: O perfil dos pacientes atendidos na CFUSJT refere-se sexo masculino, idade média de 7,6 anos, com deficiências motoras, cognitivas e visuais, moradores da região da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo e referenciados a instituição através do SUS.
Current use and outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: The first Brazilian summary slides
Authors: Simione Anderson João , Neves Heliz Regina Alves das , Silva Cinthya Corrêa da , Geraldo Bruna Letícia Da Silva Santos , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Colturato Vergilio Antonio Rensi , Nabhan Samir Kanaan , Macedo Maria Cristina Martins de Almeida , Rocha Vanderson Geraldo , Guimarães Renata Fittipaldi da Costa , Silvério Alexandre , Moreira Maria Claudia Rodrigues , Barros George Maurício Navarro , Astigarraga Claudia Caceres , Daudt Liane Esteves , Dias Daniela Ferreira , Seber Adriana , Chiattone Ricardo , Novis Yana Augusta Sarkis , Fernandes Juliana Folloni , Vilela Volney Assis Lara , Lerner Decio , Soares Rodolfo Daniel de Almeida , Scheinberg Phillip , Teixeira Gustavo Machado , Arrais-Rodrigues Celso , Colella Marcos Paulo , Silva Roberto Luiz da , Funke Vaneuza Araújo Moreira , Vigorito Afonso Celso , Bonfim Carmem Maria Sales , Arcuri Leonardo Javier , Hamerschlak Nelson , Duarte Fernando Barroso
Published: July 2021

Understanding the HSCT scenario in Brazil is challenging due to the lack of a national registry that allows the analysis of results. The partnership between the Brazilian Cellular Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplant Society (SBTMO) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Research (CIBMTR) allowed the return of Brazilian data registered in the CIBMTR, through the Data Back to Center (DBtC), in a standardized and organized way. With this database it was possible to know the demographic data and the outcomes of transplants performed in Brazil. The spreadsheet was imported into the Power BI desktop, and functions and charts were created. Between 2008 and 2019, 7,264 transplants were reported to the CIBMTR from 24 Brazilian transplant centers. The partnership between SBTMO and CIBMTR, made the Brazilian registry possible and allowed the development of the first Brazilian Summary slides. Despite the difference in the number of cases and of follow-up time, the results in this study were similar to those presented in the US Summary Slides.
Desafios na educação contínua dos Técnicos de Radiologia: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Almeida Rui , Silva Carlos , Vicente Bianca , Abrantes António , Miranda Dulce
Published: July 2021

O objetivo principal desta revisão narrativa consiste em discutir as tendências, desafios e oportunidades na educação e formação contínua dos Técnicos de Radiologia (TRad), sobretudo numa perspetiva pós-pandémica que poderá potenciar a remodelação das oportunidades de formação. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas principais bases de dados, complementado com a utilização de recursos disponíveis online em associações e sociedades científicas e profissionais desta área do conhecimento. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram artigos não publicados em inglês, anteriores a 2013 e sem contribuições no campo da educação à distância ou da aprendizagem ativa. A educação e formação contínua no campo da radiologia tem sofrido um processo de readaptação, e as habituais oportunidades de aprendizagem no formato presencial (em sala de aula, laboratórios de simulação e ambientes clínicos) foram rapidamente transformadas em oportunidades de ensino à distância, levando ao surgimento de modelos de ensino e formação inovadores. Assim, as evidências mais recentes revelaram que as estratégias centradas no formando, como a sala de aula invertida e a aprendizagem baseada em jogos, quando aplicadas na educação de profissionais da saúde, permitiram a obtenção de resultados positivos e muito promissores. A adequada preparação dos TRad depende da aplicação de metodologias eficazes de ensino que permitam um excelente desempenho clínico e a manutenção de elevados padrões de qualidade e segurança. A aprendizagem baseada em jogos parece ser eficaz para aprimorar conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes e deve ser considerada como uma potencial ferramenta sistemática neste campo.
A Ressonância Magnética Fetal no Diagnóstico das Malformações do SNC: Experiência do Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra
Authors: Liberal Maria João
Published: July 2021

A Ultrassonografia (US) fetal é o exame mais utilizado no período pré-natal para avaliar o crescimento do feto, no entanto, em alguns casos os resultados são inconclusivos ou insuficientes, perante estas situações a Ressonância Magnética (RM) fetal torna-se exame complementar de diagnóstico de extrema importância. O objetivo foi avaliar o papel da RM fetal no diagnóstico das malformações do sistema nervoso central (SNC) no Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra desde maio de 2012 a maio de 2019.A amostra consistiu num total de 85 mulheres grávidas que realizaram RM fetal do SNC no serviço de imagiologia deste hospital no período em estudo, num total de 91 exames. Analisado o processo imagiológico foram retirados dados relativos à idade da grávida, semanas de gestação, achados na US fetal, ocorrências na RM, artefactos de movimento fetal, gravidez gemelar, neurorradiologista responsável pelo relatório do exame e verificação da US por RM de lesões no SNC.Verificou-se que a idade das grávidas com maior incidência foi entre os 30 e os 40 anos e o maior número de exames de RM fetal do SNC foram realizados antes das 24 semanas e as 30 e 33 semanas de gestação. As ocorrências mais observadas na RM foram a ventriculomegalia, malformações da linha média, anomalias da fossa posterior e alterações do espaço subaracnoídeo.Foi possível constatar que a verificação da suspeita da US por RM não está relacionada com o escalão etário nem com as semanas de gestação.
Videocapillaroscopy, Insulin-Induced Skin Lipohypertrophy, and Bruising: A Preliminary Approach
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Vanvitelli University, Naples, Italy and Nefrocenter Research & Nyx Startup, Naples Italy, Corte Teresa Della , S Gentile ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy, G Guarino ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy, G Cuomo ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Campania University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy, C Lamberti ,   Nefrocenter Research Network & Nyx Start-Up, Naples Italy, T Della Corte ,   Nefrocenter Research Network & Nyx Start-Up, Naples Italy, L.A Stile ,   Nefrocenter Research Network & Nyx Start-Up, Naples Italy, F Strollo ,   Endocrinology and Diabetes, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
Published: July 2021

Background: Lipohypertrophy (LH) is a frequent cutaneous complication in people with insulin-treated type-2 DM (IT-T2DM). Its pathogenesis is not fully known, however. Retinal and kidney microangiopathy (MIA) is also frequent in such patients, especially in case of poor metabolic control. Aim: To assess whether specific nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) patterns could be identified in MIA-affected IT-T2DM patients, thus eventually helping explain LH pathogenesis. Methods: 50 IT-T2DM patients with LH and 50 without LH undergoing NVC were enrolled. All followed a multiple daily injection regimen and had established retinal and renal microangiopathic complications. Results: While confirming expected MIA-related skin changes in both groups, our data failed to detect any specific NVC pattern in LH-affected patients yet showed the most severe NVC changes to be significantly associated with HbA1c values over 9%. Conclusion: Severe NVC-assessed MIA lesions reflect longstanding poor metabolic control in IT-T2DM rather than contributing to LH pathogenesis.
Bibliotherapy. Reading Recomendation experiencing Exclusion during COVID-19
Authors: Janavičienė Daiva
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the research is based on more than a year-long restrictions experienced by people of Lithuania and worldwide because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical part presents a concept for bibliotherapic recommendations for reading. From an interdisciplinary point of view, the research integrates insights from the domains of psychology, public health, information and communication and literary criticism. Individuals experiencing psychological problems, by delving into literature which encourages reflection of humanistic values, during their in-depth reading process, can not only distract themselves from stressful everyday life but also, while identifying themselves with personages of literary works, better conceive themselves and their environment as well as find new ways to solve their problems. This justifies the applicability of bibliotherapy for those who experience social exclusion during the pandemic.

The open survey collected data from 17 experts (12 members of the Lithuanian Bibliotherapy Association and 5 practitioners involved in bibliotherapy projects; 4 study participants from the health service sector (psychotherapists); 6 representatives from the education sector; and 7, from the cultural sector). A recommendatory list of books for passive bibliotherapy sessions was drawn. The list comprises 2 topics: (1) recommendations for general bibliotherapy and (2) fiction for health practitioners (81 books in total, 43% of which are accessible online). Every entry in the list includes metadata required for the identification of the work (AUTHOR and title), a brief substantiation of bibliotherapic aspects formulated by experts and the information about the accessibility of the book on the portal ibiblioteka.lt. The list of bibliotherapic literature can be also useful for health practitioners, social activities professionals, organisers of local community activities, librarians and those who wish to provide help by reading.
Application of Cluster Analysis for Polymer Classification According to Mechanical Properties
Authors: Pezer Danijela
Published: July 2021

The selection of the appropriate polymer material represents one phase in the product design, both, in terms of data on the different properties of the material and for detailed assessments and selection of the best material for the selected product. In the material selection phase, it is necessary to define criteria related to the mechanical properties of the material (strength, stiffness, toughness). Another important item is certainly the stress-strain diagram by which the materials can be classified into certain groups, based on their mechanical properties. The paper presents a study of materials classification according to the following groups: Hard and brittle, Hard and strong, Hard and tough and Soft and tough materials, using the cluster analysis (k-means algorithm).
Conceptualizing Service-Related Trauma: Controversies, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Canadian Context
Authors: Beks Tiffany A. , Cairns Sharon L. , Kassan Anusha , Schwartz Kelly D.
Published: July 2021

This article considers three perspectives that have figured prominently in the conceptualization of psychological trauma related to military service in the Canadian context—that of military institutions, that of military members, and that of counselling psychologists. A closer examination of these views reveals points of contention regarding the origins, terminology, and cultural relevance of conceptualizations of service-related trauma, such as post-traumatic stress disorder By drawing from theoretical, empirical, critical, and anecdotal literature, this article highlights the need for counselling psychologists to continually evolve their understanding of the broader contexts in which service-related trauma occurs and to honour military members’ knowledge of diverse sources of traumatic suffering.
A DINÂMICA DA PAISAGEM DO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARULHOS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS CONDIÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS EM FUNÇÃO DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO
Authors: Bau Dalmas Fabricio , Da Silva Assis Marcio , Roberto Saad Antonio , Paula G. Oliveira Ana , Targino da Silva Ferreira Anderson
Published: July 2021

O município de Guarulhos apresenta um crescimento desordenado que é traduzido em sua paisagem por traços bem definidos da urbanização acelerada e uso e ocupação do espaço geográfico com poucos ou inexistentes critérios de planejamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre a temperatura e a ocupação urbana. Como parte da metodologia, elaborou-se uma estrutura para acoplar o sensor termohigrômetro modelo Datalloger HT500 com o qual foram realizadas campanhas de trabalho de campo, por onze pontos distribuídos em Guarulhos, para coleta de temperatura. Em relação à aquisição de dados secundários, foram aplicadas técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto para elaboração do mapa de uso e ocupação do solo de Guarulhos, com imagem do sensor OLI (LandSat 8). Conclui-se que as temperaturas coletadas em campo, durante o ano de 2017 foram lineares a partir dos gráficos elaborados demonstrando que a eficácia da Estação móvel nas aferições, com a comparação das classes de uso e ocupação do solo, corrobora com a tese de que as áreas urbanas tendem a apresentar temperaturas mais elevadas em relação às áreas de floresta, o que deixa ainda mais evidente a importância das florestas urbanas para um melhor conforto térmico dos munícipes.
HEPATIC MANIFESTATIONS IN COVID-19: APPROACHES ON THE MECHANISMS, LIVER INJURIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
Authors: Dantas Nucci Cerqueira Débora , Rocha de Medeiros Giuliene , Cordeiro Farias João Victor , Rodrigues de Macedo Penelopy
Published: July 2021

The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 originated in the city of Wuhan, China with an outbreak of pneumonia. The reported symptoms were mostly respiratory, but mounting evidence began to indicate that COVID-19 could reach other organs and systems. Among the gastrointestinal symptoms, liver involvement appears to be more common, with changes in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) being the first sign. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate and discuss the hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 as the infection, manifestations, and drug effects. The study was based on a literature review, of a qualitative nature and an exploratory type. The mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 uses to reach the liver is still uncertain, there are currently 3 hypotheses: ACE2 receptors in cholangiocytes, cytokine storm, and drug-induced liver injury, due to the increase in the indiscriminate use of hepatotoxic drugs without scientific comprovation, hydroxychloroquine can lead to fulminant hepatic failure and azithromycin potentiates these effects, the role of remdesivir on the liver are still uncertain. Liver damage in mild cases of COVID-19 can be transient, but doctors should monitor and be alert to any changes in liver enzymes. When severe liver damage occurs, liver protective drugs have usually been given to these patients. Thus, this review provides a review of hepatic impairment and the management of patients considering the main studies carried out to date.
SITUATING THE CNN EFFECT IN NIGERIAN CONTEXT: ANALYSING IMPACT ON DIPLOMACY AND LOCAL TELEVISION
Authors: Odo Nduka , Ugwuanyi Daniel Onuwa , Nwabufoe Frances N
Published: July 2021

Scholars believe that the global media of television influence foreign policy-making through a presentation of compelling images of events happening. It is termed the CNN effect or factor. However, the extent of this effect is not yet determined especially on Nigeria foreign policy and local television. The CNN Effect stands on the agenda-setting theory.  The factor implies that the global television goes further to tell policymakers what it should think, what to think about, how to think about what they think, and what to do with what they think and think about. This study is carried out through analysis of secondary data and observation of global and local televisions.  Beside already observed effects of global television on foreign policymaking such as making decisions in haste without proper considerations and sideling of diplomatic protocols, the study found some side effects of the influence of global media; one of which is that global television force policymakers to be unduly attached to them (global television). The greater revelation from the CNN effect is not on Nigeria’s foreign policy but on local television industry where the local television loses audience, credibility and revenue to global television. The study recommends better funding and training for local television.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar
Authors: Suandi Suandi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan dana BOS dalam rangkameningkatkan prestasi belajar di MTs YPNH Tanah Abang.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dana bantuan operasional sekolah sudah efektif dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa di MTs YPNH Tanah Abang. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis yang dilakukan diperoleh nilai uji t hasil uji regresi linear sederhana antara keefektifan dana BOS terhadap prestasi belajar adalah 6,493. Nilai ttabel untuk tingkat signifikansi 5%pada derajat kebebasan (dk) = 15-1=14, diperoleh 2,62. Perbandingan antara thitung dengan ttabelmenunjukkan bahwa thitung> ttabel (6,493 > 2,62) sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal inijuga terlihat dari hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilaikoefisien determinasi 0.764%.Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa variabel bebas danaBOS memberi sumbangan pengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar sebesar 76.4%. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linear sederhana antara keefektifan dana BOS terhadap prestasi belajar siswa diperolehpersamaan regresi: Y = 6,348 + 1,347 X. Artinya setiap skor variabel X bertambah sebesar 1 (satu)kali maka skor variabel prestasi belajar siswa akan bertambah sebesar 1,347 (sebesar koefisienregresi). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dana BOS efektif dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajarsiswa di MTs YPNH Tanah Abang.