bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política monetaria, desigualdad y crisis climática
Authors: Albert Moreno Juan F. , Martín Fuentes Natalia , Pérez Moreno Salvador
Published: January 2022

En los últimos años están cobrando un gran protagonismo, tanto en la literatura económica como en la praxis política, las conexiones entre la política monetaria y los retos de la desigualdad y la crisis climática. Este artículo sintetiza y examina los principales debates actuales acerca de los efectos potenciales de la política monetaria sobre la desigualdad de la renta y de la riqueza a través de diferentes canales, al tiempo que valora cómo dichas desigualdades pueden incidir en la aplicación de la política monetaria. Asimismo, en relación con la crisis climática, se abordan las implicaciones que pueden derivarse de la degradación ambiental y el cambio climático sobre la política monetaria, así como las posibilidades de esta para favorecer la sostenibilidad ambiental. Finalmente, teniendo en cuenta las nuevas sensibilidades de los bancos centrales para hacer frente a tales retos, se proponen distintas actuaciones de política monetaria que podrían contribuir a un crecimiento inclusivo sostenible en el marco de la Agenda 2030.
Relación entre precio de alquiler y renta en el mercado residencial español y política de vivienda
Authors: Belchí Euroval Alejandro , Guijarro Francisco , Ruiz, Euroval Gumersindo
Published: January 2022

La relación entre los precios de alquiler de vivienda y la renta familiar disponible, o por habitante, para un territorio determinado, es un tema habitual de investigación en el mercado inmobiliario. Presentamos aquí un modelo donde la variable precio de alquiler unitario se explica por la renta mediana, oferta de vivienda plurifamiliar en alquiler, y ratio de esta variable respecto a la población, para secciones censales y municipios. Se calculan también las elasticidades respecto a la renta. Aunque se encuentran relaciones positivas y de cierta significación entre las variables utilizadas, la limitación de la capacidad explicativa del modelo apoya la hipótesis de que el precio en el mercado de alquileres depende, además, de otros factores distintos a los de oferta y demanda, abriendo posibilidades a una política de vivienda. La amplísima base de datos utilizada permite dar cierta generalidad a esta hipótesis de limitación en el funcionamiento del mercado y, al mismo tiempo, muestra la necesidad de desarrollar un mercado con dimensión suficiente, con importantes implicaciones para una política económica de vivienda.
Del entorno sonoro y la instalación / About sonic environment and installation
Authors: Berenguer Alarcón Josep Manuel
Published: January 2022

La mutación rápida de los términos especialmente atractivos impone la fijación local de marcos de referencia estables cuando necesitamos operar consistentemente con ellos. Así ocurre con soundscape, por lo general traducido al castellano como paisaje sonoro, que, antes de ser planteado en el dominio musical, había surgido de la teoría urbanística.  En la concepción,  la producción y la realización de mis instalaciones sonoras, tengo en cuenta distintos aspectos formales propios del entorno sonoro. Por ello se me hace urgente una reflexión acerca de las relaciones entre el entorno sonoro, el paisaje sonoro, la multifocalidad y la instalación sonora como opción alternativa a la forma de concierto, que, portadora de estructuras culturales ancestrales difíciles de asumir, percibo agotada.
Cuando un teléfono móvil sale a pasear… Sonido, espacio y narración.
Authors: Mar Garrido-Román Laura Apolonio,
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que las capacidades sonoras, audiovisuales y de geolocalización de cualquier dispositivo de telefonía móvil representan un incentivo a recorrer el espacio caminando y a experimentarlo de forma creativa. La conexión entre lenguaje y territorio es constitutiva del Homo sapiens. Por exceso de tecnología, esta vivencia simple y directa del espacio se ha perdido junto con la capacidad de narrativa espacial, tan constitutiva del ser humano. Mostraremos, mediante ejemplos del mundo del arte y de la vivencia cotidiana de cualquier ciudadano, que el uso creativo de la tecnología móvil brinda la posibilidad de restablecer la conexión perdida entre territorio e imaginario colmando la brecha existente entre narratividad y espacialidad.
Sobre arte sonoro. Una propuesta desde la periferia (1987-2021)
Authors: Cárdenas Serván M. Inmaculada
Published: January 2022

Desde 1987 con el arte sonoro como eje, la propuesta lucense ha contando con el apoyo de la USC e instituciones locales realizando proyectos de electroacústica, de escultura sonora, improvisación, intervenciones y de arte audiovisual. Iniciada con el Concierto para Esculturas Sonoras, el nacimiento del Grupo de Creación Sonora de la USC (GCSUS) en 1997 le dará un impulso renovado, hasta hoy. La divulgación de este arte en el foro Sons Creativos y la exposición de arte sonoro 25 Anos de Arte Sonora e Pedagoxía en Lugo en el MHIL en 2013 han sido alguno de sus hitos.
Los cassettes de Lucio Cabañas o las alteridades del escuchar
Authors: Rivas Francisco J. , Ávila Coronel Francisco
Published: January 2022

Este texto plantea un breve estudio sonoro y fonológico, –o fonosófico, si cabe– de los cassettes grabados por Lucio Cabañas Barrientos y otras mujeres y hombres que integraron el movimiento guerrillero conocido como el Partido de los Pobres (PDLP), el cual se sublevó en contra del gobierno mexicano entre 1967 y 1974 en la sierra de Atoyac (Guerrero, México). A partir de una escucha/lectura –o mejor dicho de una auditoría– del contenido de los diez audiocassettes que se conservan, exploramos los gestos fono/gráficos que los detonan y aventuramos una arqueología de los estratos de auralidad que sus diversas escuchas ofrecen. Mediante una hermenéutica de las narrativas aurales que emergen de las grabaciones, exploramos las estrategias de memoria aural que se desplegaron como formas de agencia y enunciación de las comunidades campesinas insurrectas, reflexionando sobre lo que estas discursividades sonoras alternativas o subalternas tienen que decir a la fonografía como práctica artística y narrativa así como a las metodologías historiográficas para las que los fono/gramas ponen en tensión la hegemonía del texto escrito como recipiente y soporte epistémico.
Más que imágenes
Authors: Ferrer Mas Anacleto
Published: January 2022

[Reseña del libro: Sánchez Biosca, V. 2021. La muerte en los ojos. Qué perpetran las imágenes de perpetrador, Madrid: Alianza Editorial]
Teorías del arte contemporáneo. Una introducción
Authors: Gonnet Maximiliano
Published: January 2022

Reseña del libro: Juliane Rebentisch, Teorías del arte contemporáneo. Una introducción, Publicacions Universitat de València, Valencia, 2021, 246 pp. ISBN: 9788491348849
“Tips para ser y hacer música, hoy (to be continued)”
Authors: Ordóñez Eslava Pedro
Published: January 2022

Es posible que nos encontremos viviendo una suerte de nueva ola historiográfica en torno al arte sonoro narrado, interpretado y analizado en y desde España. Aunque no de manera premeditada, las Conversaciones en Nueva York. Sobre Arte Sonoro, Música Experimental e Identidad Latina que recoge Isaac Diego -musicólogo, profesor y artista sonoro, no necesariamente en ese orden-, abren distintos puntos de fuga que vienen a completar la múltiple y muy heterogénea realidad de la práctica musical, experimental y sonora que configura el inventario incompleto recién descrito. En este texto realizamos una reseña de dicha publicación.
Improvement of the system for assessing academic performance of Bachelor’s degree students as a method for increasing the quality of higher education
Authors: Vinokurova Olga Semenovna
Published: January 2022

The subject of this research is the system for assessing academic performance of Bachelor’s degree students. The goal is to improve this system namely increase the accuracy of the results, motivation and engagement of the participants in the performance review. The article employs the following empirical methods: research on this topic, modern trends in the system for assessing academic performance, development of the system of academic ratings, complication the assessment system due to inclusion of the results of social, cultural and sports activity of students in the overall rating. The central methods of obtaining information include observation and recitation of Bachelor’s degree students of the Russian university. Recommendations are formulated in accordance with the acquired data. The novelty lies in consideration of the system for assessing academic performance as the factor that determines the quality of education, as well as in development of recommendations for improving the assessment system. The result of the conducted research consists in recommendations on the form and content of performance review aimed at increasing the accuracy of the assessment system. The advantages of revision of the assessment system for beneficiaries (universities, students, and employers) are substantiated. The author analyzes the effectiveness of the strategies “assessment of academic performance” and “assessment for academic performance”, as well as the role of intermediary and final performance review for various beneficiaries. The conclusion is made on the need to continue the research of the assessment system and methods for its improvement, taking into account the new educational trends.
On the experience of development of ESP course for special purposes of the students majoring in International Relations and Regional Studies
Authors: Maikova Tatyana
Published: January 2022

The article describes the experience of author's participation in the development of ESP course (English for Specific Purposes) for students majoring in International Relations and Regional Studies, as well as examines the theoretical prerequisites for creation of similar courses. Having compared the terminological and discursive approaches towards development of the course in the sphere of humanities, preference is given to the latter. The article analyzes the offered by foreign linguistics integrative (CLIL) approach towards learning English language for special purposes, which implies combining the study of language and specialty discipline within the framework of a single course. Although the idea raises obvious interest, the authors of the course choose a rather traditional approach. The texts underlying the course are subordinate to its key objectives. Since the course is centered upon productive competences – mainly speaking – it predetermined the choice of factographic type of texts over analytical. Another method for increasing motivation is the use of illustrations, video and audio materials. The article also considers the problem of authenticity and scientific objectivity of the selected texts, since the views established in the Russian and foreign humanities may differ. The number and types of activities are determined by the specific needs of the students. Special emphasis is placed on determination and interpretation of metaphors in the scientific discourse of humanities.
Simulation of wind field detection by laser heterodyne spectrometer
Authors: Li Jun , Xue Zheng-Yue , Liu Xiao-Hai , Wang Jing-Jing , Wang Gui-Shi , Liu Kun , Gao Xiao-Ming , Tan Tu ,   School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China,   Basic Science Research Center, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Published: January 2022

The middle- and upper- atmosphere wind field are important parameters that characterize the middle- and upper-atmosphere environment, respectively. The detection of the middle- and the upper-atmosphere wind field are of great significance in the civil field and military field. Laser heterodyne spectroscopy technology is a passive remote sensing detection technology with high spectral resolution and sensitivity, and has developed rapidly in recent years. The laser heterodyne spectrometer that takes laser heterodyne spectroscopy technology as its core, is developed due to its small size, light weight and stable structure. The verification of the ground-based wind field detection performance of the laser heterodyne spectrometer is a key part of its application to satellites. In this paper, a wind speed simulation device is built in a laboratory environment to achieve a wind speed change from 0 m/s to 25 m/s in a wind field. A laser heterodyne spectrometer with a spectral resolution of 0.003 cm–1 is used to measure the CH4 absorption spectrum without and with a wind field for different wind speeds, the resolution of measuring wind speed is 3 m/s. For relative and absolute calibration of the distributed feedback laser (DL) frequency, an interference fiber with a free dispersion range D* = 0.01167 cm–1, a wavemeter and a reference cell is used. The experimental results effectively verify the wind measurement performance of the laser heterodyne spectrometer and prove the possibility of using the laser heterodyne spectrometer to measure the atmospheric wind field.
Characteristics of hydrogen terminated single crystalline diamond logic inverter
Authors: Xing Yu-Fei , Ren Ze-Yang , Zhang Jin-Feng , Su Kai , Ding Sen-Chuan , He Qi , Zhang Jin-Cheng , Zhang Chun-Fu , Hao Yue ,   The National Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   Wuhu Research Institute, Xidian University, Wuhu 241002, China
Published: January 2022

Diamond has a wide band gap, high carrier mobility, and high thermal conductivity, thereby possessing great potential applications in high power, and high temperature electronics devices, and also inhigh temperature logic circuit. In this work, we fabricate a hydrogen terminated diamond metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) by using the atomic layer deposition grown Al2O3 as a gate dielectric and passivation layer. The device has a gate length and width of 4 μm and 50 μm, respectively. The device delivers a maximum output current of about 113.4 mA/mm at VGS of –6 V and an ultra-high on/off ratio of 109. In addition, we fabricate three resistors, respectively, with an interelectrode distance of 20, 80 and 160 μm, corresponding to the resistance value of 16.7, 69.5 and 136.4 kΩ, respectively. The logic inverter is realized by combining the MOSFET with the load resistance, and the characteristics of the logic inverter are demonstrated successfully, which indicates that the diamond MOSFET has great potential applications in future logic circuits.
Near-single-mode 2-kW fiber amplifier based on M-type ytterbium-doped fiber
Authors: Lin Xian-Feng , Zhang Zhi-Lun , Xing Ying-Bin , Chen Gui , Liao Lei , Peng Jing-Gang , Li Hai-Qing , Dai Neng-Li , Li Jin-Yan ,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,   Wuhan Changjin Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430206, China
Published: January 2022

High power fiber laser systems have attracted extensive attention due to compactness, good beam quality, efficient heat dissipation and high conversion efficiency. They are widely used in industrial processing, military, medical treatment and other fields. Over the past two decades, owing to the development of double cladding fiber and high-brightness laser diodes, the output power of fiber lasers has been greatly improved. Unfortunately, nonlinear effects (NLEs), such as stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), restrict the further enhancement of the output power of fiber lasers. Apparently, increasing the core diameter is the most common way to suppress NLEs in the fiber, but this causes another limiting factor, i.e. mode instability (MI), resulting in the deterioration of the beam quality and in the limitation of the power scaling. Therefore, it is important and urgent to suppress the NLEs and MI simultaneously in fiber lasers. The M-type fiber, by designing refractive index profile, breaks through the stringent trade-off between mode area and numerical aperture (NA), so it possesses a larger mode area than the step index fiber, which helps to avoid NLEs and expand the power range. The M-type ytterbium doped double-clad fiber is fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process with solution doping technology (SDT), the core/cladding diameter is 25/400 μm. The NA of high index ring and index dip in the core are 0.054 and 0.025, respectively. To test the performance of the M-type fiber during high-power operation, a 976 nm bidirectional pumped all-fiber amplifier is constructed. As a result, maximum output power of 2285 W is achieved with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 66.5% under bidirectional pumping scheme, and the measured M 2 factor is 1.42, the central wavelength and 3 dB linewidth of output laser are 1080 nm and 3.01 nm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power in a continuous-wave fiber laser employing an M-type fiber at present. However, the MI effect is observed at the output power of 2252 W. The future work will focus on optimizing the structure of the M-type fiber to achieve a stabler higher-power and higher-efficiency laser output.
Single event transient effect of frontside and backside illumination image sensors under proton irradiation
Authors: Fu Jing , Cai Yu-Long , Li Yu-Dong , Feng Jie , Wen Lin , Zhou Dong , Guo Qi ,   Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China,   Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Material and Device, Urumqi 830011, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Innovation Academy for Micrisatellites of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200011, China
Published: January 2022

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor is susceptible to proton single event effect when being applied to space environment. Proton irradiation experiments with different energy values are carried out on a commercial FSI and BSI CMOS image sensors. The proton single event effect is analyzed by on-line testing, the maximum proton energy is 200 MeV, and the total fluence is 1010 particle/cm2. The single-event transient bright spots of different shapes are observed in the pixel array. By extracting the deposition energy and size, the effects of different energy protons on transient bright spot characteristics are compared, and the transient bright spot characteristics between FSI and BSI are also compared. Finally, the energy deposition distribution of the transient bright spot generated by proton in CMOS image sensor pixel unit is predicted by comparing the simulation method with the experimental results. The simulation results verify that the decrease of PPD depletion region thickness and the thinning of epitaxial layer are the main factors leading the proton energy deposition distribution to shift leftward in BSI image sensor.
Influence of temperature on lattice constants of martensite and ferrite
Authors: Qi Hai-Dong , Wang Jing , Chen Zhong-Jun , Wu Zhong-Hua , Song Xi-Ping ,   State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China,   Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
Published: January 2022

The effect of temperature on the lattice constants of martensite and ferrite are studied by the synchrotron radiation technique. The results show that the lattice constants of martensite and ferrite increase gradually with the increase of temperature, but diffraction peaks of martensite show a peak splitting phenomenon, while the diffraction peaks of ferrite do not. From the fitting of the {110} and {200} diffraction peaks of martensite, it is found that the lattice constants a and c of martensite gradually increase with the temperature rising, but the increasing rate of lattice constant a is faster than that of c, that is, the squareness of martensite gradually decreases. When the temperature increases to 500 ℃, the squareness (c/a) of martensite is equal to 1. The variation of lattice constant of ferrite with temperature is basically the same as that of lattice constant a of martensite, but different from that of lattice constant c of martensite, showing the nature influence of temperature on the lattice constants of martensite. Besides, based on the analysis of synchrotron radiation data, the quantitative equations of lattice constants of martensite and ferrite varying with temperature are established.
Investigation of active pump-signal synchronization technique for a ps-pulse pumped OPCPA
Authors: Li Gang , Guo Yi , Zeng Xiao-Ming , Xie Na , Shao Zhong-Xi , Huang Zheng , Sun Li , Jiang Dong-Bin , Lu Feng , Zhu Bin , Zhou Kai-Nan , Su Jing-Qin ,   Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China,   School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Insititute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Published: January 2022

High-precision synchronization between pump and signal is one of the key issues that should be solved in picosecond short pulse pumped optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (ps-OPCPA). Based on the all-OPCPA laser facility in Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, the high-precision active pump-signal synchronization technique used in its ps-OPCPA frontend is studied in detail in this paper. The synchronization is actively controlled by an amplified narrowband spectrum from the short ps-pulse pumped optical parametric amplification of a large chirped signal. By reasonably designing the time-domain broadening chirped coefficient of the signal in the feedback optical path, relative timing jitter between pump and signal of the ps-OPCPA frontend decreases from ps to one hundred fs, which greatly improves its energy and spectral stability. The root mean square (RMS) value of the relative timing jitter decreases from 458 to 93 fs, which improves the RMS instability of the output energy from 30.3% to 3.15%, and a stable wide spectrum with width greater than 100 nm is obtained in 7-min measurement.
Facilitation of compliance current for resistive switching and stability of Ta/BaTiO3/Al2O3/ITO
Authors: He Chao-Tao , Lu Yu , Li Xiu-Lin , Chen Peng ,   School of Physics Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: January 2022

In this work, Ta/BaTiO3/Al2O3 multi-layer thin film is deposited on indium tin oxide substrates by using the magnetron sputtering technology. Obvious resistive switching performance can be observed by increasing the compliance current. Ohmic and space charge limited current conduction mechanisms are demonstrated in Ta/BaTiO3/Al2O3. The reproducible and stable resistive switching behaviors in Ta/BaTiO3/Al2O3/ITO device at  Icc = 10–2 A are reported. The results show that no obvious degradation is found after 365 successive cycles tests.
Neuromorphic behaviors of N-type locally-active memristor
Authors: Wang Shi-Chang , Lu Zhen-Zhou , Liang Yan , Wang Guang-Yi ,   School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: January 2022

Owing to the advantages of high integration, low power consumption and locally active characteristics, locally-active memristor (LAM) has shown great potential applications in neuromorphic computing. To further investigate the neuromorphic dynamics of LAMs, a simple N-type LAM mathematical model is proposed in this work. By analyzing its voltage-current characteristic and small-signal equivalent circuit, a neuron circuit based on the N-type LAM is designed, where a variety of neuromorphic behaviors are successfully simulated, such as “all-or-nothing” behavior, spikes, bursting, periodic oscillation, etc. Moreover, Hopf bifurcation theory and numerical analysis method are used to study the dynamics of the circuit quantitatively. Then, an artificial tactile neuron and its frequency characteristics are presented by using the proposed neuron circuit topology. The simulation results show that when the amplitude of the input signal is lower than the threshold, the oscillation frequency of the output signal of the artificial neuron circuit is positively correlated with the intensity of the input signal, and reaches a maximum value at the threshold. The above frequency characteristics are consistent with those of the exciting state of biological sensory system. Subsequently, if the incentive intensity continues to increase, the oscillation frequency will gradually decrease, corresponding to the protective inhibition behavior. Finally, the physical circuit of the N-type LAM, and artificialneuron circuit are realized. The experimental results accord well with the simulation results and theoreticalanalyses, manifesting the practicability of the N-type LAM model and the feasibility of artificial neuron circuit.
Barium titanate dielectric regulation improved output performance of paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Liang Shuai-Bo , Yuan Tao , Qiu Yang , Zhang Zhen , Miao Ya-Ning , Han Jing-Feng , Liu Xiu-Tong , Yao Chun-Li ,   College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Published: January 2022

As a new energy conversion device that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, triboelectric nanogenerator has attracted extensive attention since its invention. However, its environmental performance is limited because the raw materials are mostly synthetic polymer materials. Using green and environmentally friendly cellulose materials to prepare triboelectric nanogenerators is one of the important ways to solve the above problems. In this study, cellulose/barium titanate composite paper is prepared by using bamboo cellulose and barium carbonate (BaTiO3) as raw materials and combining wet papermaking and doping modification. The paper based triboelectric nanogenerator (C/BT-TENG) is constructed by using the cellulose/barium titanate composite paper as a positive friction layer. The results show that the addition of BaTiO3 significantly improves the relative dielectric constant of the composite paper, and the output performance of C/BT-TENG increases with the augment of BaTiO3 doping amount. When the doping amount is 4%, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of C/BT-TENG reach the maximum values of 118.5 V and 13.51 µA, respectively, which are 51.3% and 41.2% higher than when pure cellulose paper is used as the positive friction layer. The mechanism of dielectric regulation to improve the C/BT-TENG output performance is analyzed by the modeling method. In addition, the C/BT-TENG has a good output performance and operation stability. When the load resistance is 5 MΩ, the maximum output power density of C/BT-TENG reaches 0.36 W/m2, simplying a good application prospect.
Bound-state characteristic temperature method and its applications
Authors: He Xin , Jiang Tao , Zhang Zhen-Fu , Yang Jun-Bo ,   College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Computational Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
Published: January 2022

As the speed of a hypersonic vehicle increases, atomic emission lines in the shock-layer will be a main source of radiative heating. Therefore, it is very important to study the atomic excitation in the air plasma in the shock layer. For a thermal nonequilibrium air plasma, the equilibrium statistical theory is not applicable. Although full models (such as the collisional-radiative model) can be used to solve nonequilibrium problems with high accuracy, they are too expensive computationally and difficult to apply to engineering. In this work, we investigate the atomic excitation in air plasmas by the bound-state characteristic temperature (BCT) method. Some cases of equilibrium and nonequilibrium air plasmas associated with the well-known FIRE II flight experiment are considered. The calculated atomic energy level populations are in good agreement with those from the CR model, thereby showing that our calculation is reasonable and has a good accuracy. The computational efficiency is more than 2000 times higher than that from the CR model. If it is used in the flow field of a hypersonic vehicle, the computational cost can be greatly reduced.
Superparamagnetism of potassium-doped tris(diphenacyl) iron
Authors: Zhu Hong-Gang , Fu Ming-An , Ren Chuang , Gao Yun , Huang Zhong-Bing ,   Faculty of Physics and Electronic Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China,   Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
Published: January 2022

Synthesis and exploration of intriguing physical properties of alkali-metal-doped aromatic hydrocarbons have been the important research topics in the fields of physics, chemistry and materials science. In this work, a powder sample of potassium-doped tris(diphenacyl) iron molecular crystal is prepared by the high-vacuum annealing method. The X-ray diffraction results show that the crystal structure of the synthesized sample is different from that of pristine tris(diphenacyl)iron. The direct current (DC) magnetic susceptibilitiy shows a pronounced hump structure near 8.0 K, which is distinct from the paramagnetism of pristine material in the whole temperature range of 1.8–300 K. The alternating current (AC) magnetic susceptibility shows that the hump has a significant frequency dependence, which can safely rule out the possibility of antiferromagnetism. The combination of the Vogel-Fulcher law, the Néel-Brown model and the critical slowing down model reveals that the hump originates from superparamagnetism with a blocking temperature (TB) of about 8.0 K. According to the results of Raman spectroscopy, it can be confirmed that the 4s electrons of potassium in the doped material are transferred to the benzene ring of tris(diphenacyl)iron, causing the characteristic Raman modes to be red-shifted and the local magnetic moment to form. Our work is of great significance in exploring alkali-metal-doped aromatic hydrocarbons, and provides a new route for searching organic magnetic materials.
Analysis of squeezed light source in band of alkali atom transitions based on cascaded optical parametric amplifiers
Authors: Han Ya-Shuai , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Zhao , Qu Jun , Wang Jun-Min ,   College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China,   Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Photo-Electronic Materials Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: January 2022

The squeezed light field in the band of alkali metal atomic transitions is an important quantum resource in the field of quantum information and precision measurement. The wavelengths of atomic transition lines (760–860 nm) are relatively short. Limited by the gray-tracking effect of nonlinear crystals, the squeezing degree of the squeezed light in this band generated by the optical parametric amplifiers is low. Now, the squeezing is about 3–5 dB. Considering the problems in the experimental generation of the squeezed light at the wavelengths of atomic transitions, the variation law of quantum noise of the light field output from the single optical parametric amplifier with its physical parameters is studied theoretically, and the optimal physical parameters are obtained. To further improve the squeezing in the band of alkali metal atomic transitions, the cascaded optical parametric amplifiers are considered. Based on the basic theory of the optical parametric amplifiers, the theoretical model of the cascaded optical parametric amplifiers is constructed, in which the optical loss and phase noise of the cascaded optical loops are considered. Based on this, the quantum noise characteristics of the light field output from the cascaded system versus the optical loss and phase noise are analyzed at the frequencies of 2 MHz and 100 kHz, respectively. It is found that for the squeezing at 2 MHz, cascading 2 to 3 optical parametric amplifiers can significantly improve the squeezing under the premise of the low optical path loss and phase noise; for the squeezing in the low-frequency band, the enhancement of the squeezing for the cascaded system is quite weak. Under the current experimental parameters, the squeezing at 2 MHz of the squeezed light on rubidium resonance can be improved from –5 dB to –7 dB by cascading another DOPA. For the squeezing at low frequency band, the cascaded system proves to be useless, and the efforts should be made to reduce the technique noise in the low frequency band. Furthermore, the quantum limit and spectral characteristics of the squeezed light field output from the cascaded system are further explored. This study can provide reference and guidance for the improvement in the squeezing degree of the band of atomic transitions.
Numerical study on abnormal flameout of 2-cm electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Authors: Fu Yu-Liang , Yang Juan , Wang Bin , Hu Zhan , Xia Xu , Mu Hao ,   School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
Published: January 2022

A 2-cm electron cyclotron resonance ion source has the advantages of long life and high specific impulse, which can meet the requirements for space gravitational waves detection. In the experiment on finding the lower limit of thrust, it is found that when the ion source operates under the extreme condition of 0.5-W microwave power and 0.1-sccm gas flow rate, increasing the voltages of grid system excessively may cause flameout. The plasma discharge level is controlled by the gas supply, microwave, and power supply system, and their small disturbances will make experimental results different, thus the flameout of the ion source appears randomly and transiently. Besides, it is difficult to observe the flameout phenomenon experimentally, because the probe diagnosis has big interference to low-density plasma, and the optical diagnosis is blocked by the grid system. Therefore, the integrative simulation with the full particle-in-cell method is used to simulate the operating process of the ion source, whose calculation range includes the discharge chamber, grid system, and plume. Through simulating the processes of plasma discharge and ion beam extraction continuously in space and time, the flameout phenomenon can be reproduced artificially after increasing the voltages of grid system. The simulation results show that the ambipolar diffusion between the antenna and discharge chamber is the fundamental reason for the flameout of the ion source. In the circuit, the antenna does not touch the discharge chamber but for bulk plasma, which makes its surface gradually accumulate charges until it reaches the floating potential. Because the increase of the voltage of antenna lags behind that of grid system, a strong electric field will appear between the antenna and chamber. Then, electrons and ions respectively move toward the chamber and antenna, the ambipolar diffusion helps the antenna reach the floating potential rapidly. When the plasma density inside the chamber is low, the ambipolar diffusion will cause flameout. In order to avoid the flameout of the ion source in such an extreme situation, an improvement measure that the voltage of antenna equals the voltage of chamber is proposed, which is verified by the integrative simulation. The study on the flameout phenomenon will provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of the ion source, which can help the ion source operate safely to meet the requirements for space gravitational wave detection.
Qualitative analysis of gas detection limit of Fourier infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Yu-Hao , Liu Jian-Guo , Xu Liang , Cheng Xiao-Xiao , Deng Ya-Song , Shen Xian-Chun , Sun Yong-Feng , Xu Han-Yang ,   School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, China,   Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
Published: January 2022

The minimum amount that can be detected and quantitatively analyzed by Fourier infrared spectrometer depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured gas spectrum. In order to use Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy to measure CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and other greenhouse gases, the signal-to-noise ratio and instrument detection limit of the mixed gas are studied. We propose a method to calculate the gas detection limit of the instrument through the HITRAN simulation spectrum. In addition, we build an experimental platform to verify the accuracy of the detection limit approximation based on the HITRAN simulation spectrum calculation, which serves as the actual measurement detection limit of the instrument, and we also analyze the reasons why there appears the error between the existing experimental platform and optimization scheme and their deficiencies as well.
Primate malarias as a model for cross-species parasite transmission
Authors: Voinson Marina , Nunn Charles L , Goldberg Amy
Published: January 2022

Parasites regularly switch into new host species, representing a disease burden and conservation risk to the hosts. The distribution of these parasites also gives insight into characteristics of ecological networks and genetic mechanisms of host-parasite interactions. Some parasites are shared across many species, whereas others tend to be restricted to hosts from a single species. Understanding the mechanisms producing this distribution of host specificity can enable more effective interventions and potentially identify genetic targets for vaccines or therapies. As ecological connections between human and local animal populations increase, the risk to human and wildlife health from novel parasites also increases. Which of these parasites will fizzle out and which have the potential to become widespread in humans? We consider the case of primate malarias, caused by Plasmodium parasites, to investigate the interacting ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that put human and nonhuman primates at risk for infection. Plasmodium host switching from nonhuman primates to humans led to ancient introductions of the most common malaria-causing agents in humans today, and new parasite switching is a growing threat, especially in Asia and South America. Based on a wild host-Plasmodium occurrence database, we highlight geographic areas of concern and potential areas to target further sampling. We also discuss methodological developments that will facilitate clinical and field-based interventions to improve human and wildlife health based on this eco-evolutionary perspective.
Prosthetic Management of Flabby Ridge Tissues with Different Grades of Displaceability: A Case Series
Authors: Sudharson Nishanth A , Mathew Rohit Sunny , Daniel Angleena Y , Joseph Meril
Published: January 2022

Flabby ridges/displaceable tissues are a common finding in edentulous patients. Careful management is mandatory, failing which flabby ridges adversely affect the retention, stability and support of complete dentures. This article described a series of three clinical cases, which incorporated varied impression techniques and materials for recording this condition. Window technique with light body polyvinyl siloxane impression for maxillary ridge and double spacer with additional relief holes and light body polyvinylsiloxane impression for mandibular ridge were used for the first case, window technique with impression plaster for maxillary ridge was employed in the second case, and double spacer with additional relief holes and zinc oxide eugenol impression were used in the third case. From the conventional to the latest techniques utilised, the decision to consider which material is appropriate for a particular situation still remains in question. Moreover, the advent of newer dental materials also adds to this confusion. The proper diagnosis and planning is required for selecting the material and technique according to the displaceability of the tissues.
Effect of Zinc Application Strategies on Growth and Yield of Soybean in Central India
Authors: Yadav Suwa Lal , K. Rai Hitendra , Yadav Indra Raj , Kumar Anil , Choudhary Manju
Published: January 2022

Fertilization of soybean with zinc (Zn) had received considerable attention in recent years due to world-wide spread of its deficiency in soils and also due to malnutrition in infants and children’s. Soybean is high nutrient exhausting crop but sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in soil. Application of Zn fertilizers could be a viable option to fulfil this deficiency and also to promote yield and growth parameters. This experiment was conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur during kharif season of 2019 with fourteen treatments of zinc application strategies [(T1) Absolute control, (T2) recommended dose of fertilizer+ No Zn, (T3) RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1, (T4) RDF + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 35 DAS, (T5) RDF + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 35 and 55 DAS, (T6) RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 35 DAS, (T7)  RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 35 and 55 DAS, (T8) RDF + Zn solubilizer as soil application, (T9) RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 + Zn solubilizer as soil application, (T10) RDF + Spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 150 ppm salicylic acid at 35 DAS, (T11) RDF + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 150 ppm salicylic acid at 35 and 55 DAS, (T12) RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 150 PPM salicylic acid at 35 DAS, (T13) RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 150 ppm salicylic acid at 35 and 55 DAS and (T14) No RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1] which were replicated three times in randomized block design(RBD). Results showed that growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of soybean were significantly affected by zinc application strategies. It was found that treatment of RDF + 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 + spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 + 150 ppm salicylic acid at 35 and 55 DAS (T13) had been found best in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield of soybean.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potentials of Ficus capreifolia Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Gbenenee Tetam, Jack , Matthew Owhonda Wegwu, , Chidinma Ikewuchi, Catherine
Published: January 2022

The study evaluated the antidiabetic potentials of Ficus Capreifolia extract in an alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The study used animal models (albino rats) and daily administration of the extract at various dosages. The study took place at the University of Port-Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria and its environs between June to November, 2020. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) except group 1 which was negative control (NC). Diabetes was confirmed after 48 hours in all the rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl. The experimental animals were grouped into 5 of 10 rats each. Group 1 was non-diabetic rats used as normal control, group 2 consisted of diabetic control rats that received no treatment. Group 3, 4 and 5,  rats were diabetic rats but treated with Co-mepiryl  (SD), FC500, and FC200 (ficus capreifolia at 500,200 mg/kg).  Blood  were collected after 14 days and 28 days of treatment for biochemical assay of fasting plasma glucose, renal, lipid profile and  hepatic parameters. The dose dependent treatment significantly lowered (P<0.05) fasting glucose level, atherogenic indices, lipid profile (except in the case of High density lipoprotein which was significantly increased, (P<0.05) and  hepatic biomarkers  when compared with the positive control. It showed their antidiabetic potential by reduction in elevated glucose level, amelioration of dyslipidaemia, reduction in  hepato-renal biomarkers and showed  protective effect against coronary heart disease. All these, supports the use of the extract for the management of diabetes mellitus in African traditional health care practices.
Flexible Joint Robotic Manipulator Performance Improvement Using Mixed Synthesis Technique
Authors: V. Oleka Chioma , Akpado K. A. , C. Agbaraji Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

The flexible joint robot is gaining more popularity in research and development because of its light weight and numerous applications. The major problems of the flexible joint robotic manipulator are poor tracking performance and instability. This work aims at improving the tracking performance and stability of the flexible joint robot based on the tracking error, damping time, overshoot and stability margins of the flexible joint model. To achieve this, a mixed synthesis method was applied. The mixed sensitivity synthesis is a robust control technique which uses adjustable weights to design a robust controller model which improves the performance and stability of a plant through loop shaping. From the results, the flexible joint model recorded damping time of infinity which is very high, gain margin of 22.8dB and very low phase margin of 3.21e-12deg. This means that the flexible joint model suffers from poor performance and it is unstable. The mixed synthesis controlled flexible joint model recorded low damping time of 0.993seconds, overshoot of 0%, tracking error of 0.0214dB, gain margin of 24.9dB and phase margin of 86.9degrees. This means that the mixed sensitivity synthesis controlled FJR achieved improved tracking performance and robust stability. The mixed synthesis control technique maintained negligible changes in damping time, tracking error and stability margins when the joint flexibility coefficient of the joint was varied to verify the robustness of the system. The work concludes that the flexible joint tracking performance and stability improvement was achieved using mixed sensitivity synthesis.
Review on Targeted Drug Delivery in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Pinisetti Chinnarao , Arora Vimal
Published: January 2022

Targeted delivery systems are the advanced systems where the active pharmaceutical ingredient is delivered accurately to the specific site for the necessary pharmacological action and better therapeutic Index. The main motto of these transport systems is to increase the drug activity at specific target sites with a low amount of drug as compared to high doses of conventional dosage forms. This helps to reduce the side effects of medication, as the drug acts directly at the specific tissues or cells and shows its intended action at the given concentration without getting dissipated in the other areas of the body or the surrounding environment. The evolution of these new approaches plays a vital role in the treatment of chronic diseases like diabetes, tumors, and cancer, etc. This context mainly talks about the delivery agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, delivery agents, and the recent advancements made in this area.