bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakteristik Personal, Perilaku Disfungsional Audit Dan Dampaknya Pada Kualitas Audit
Authors: Wahyu Pratama Ahimsyah
Published: March 2021

A B S T R A C T

The purpose of this research is to obtain the empirical evidence of the influence of locus of control, professional commitment, and turnover intention, to the dysfunctional audit behavior and to its impact on the audit quality. The type of data used for this research is the primary data collected through questionnaires. The population used in this research is the auditors of The Audit Board of Republic of Indonesia (BPK) who holds the role as the Senior Team Leader and Junior Team Leader, with size of 758. The sampling method used is the purposive sampling technique by taking into account the specific characteristics according to the needs of the research with the sample size of 87 respondents. The method of data analysis used on this research is the SEM with variance structure approach, which is the Partial Least Squere (PLS). The result shows that the locus of control has negative correlation and has significant influence to the dysfunctional audit behavior. The professional commitment also has negative correlation but does not has significant influence to the dysfunctional audit behavior. On the contrary, the turnover intention has positive correlation and has significant influence to the dysfunctional audit behavior, while the dysfunctional audit behavior has negative correlation and has significant influence to the audit quality produced by auditors.

A B S T R A K

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris pengaruh lokus kendali, komitmen profesi, dan turnover intention terhadap perilaku disfungsional audit serta dampaknya bagi kualitas audit. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang duduk dalam jabatan fungsional pemeriksa (JFP) di BPK yang memiliki peran sebagai Ketua Tim baik Ketua Tim Senior (KTS) maupun Ketua Tim Yunior (KTY) sebanyak 758. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik tertentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian sebanyak 87 responden. Metode analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan SEM dengan pendekatan structure varians yaitu Partial Least Squere (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lokus kendali berkorelasi negatif dan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perilaku disfungsional audit. Komitmen profesi berkorelasi negatif namun tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku disfungsional audit. Turnover intention berkorelasi positif dan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perilaku disfungsional audit, serta perilaku disfungsional audit berkorelasi negatif dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit yang dihasilkan pemeriksa BPK.

JEL Classification: M42
Satu Dekade Informasi Akuntansi dan Market Venture di Perusahaan Manufaktur Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Mardiana Risa , Ahmar Nurmala , Djaddang Syahril
Published: March 2021

A B S T R A C T

The purpose of this study is prove empirically accounting information affects market venture. This study discusses the accounting information and market ventures in manufacturing companies 2005-2014 Indonesia stock exchange as measured by Degree of Operating Leverage, Degree of Financial Leverage, Degree of Total Leverage, and Earnings. This research is quantitative research with panel data regression with 9.0 eviews to 107 of Manufacturing Indonesia. The study states that the overall absence of influence degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage, degree of total leverage and earnings against market venture and the difference results in a year on the degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage, degree of total leverage and earnings of the venture market. Research can add a reference material and encourage research accounting on the capital markets, knowledge of information regarding the degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage, degree of total leverage and earnings for investment decisions in the capital market, information market venture to investors in a way build institutions and better recording venture market.

A B S T R A K

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan secara empiris tentang Accounting Information mempengaruhi Market Venture. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai informasi akuntansi dan market venture di perusahaan manufaktur bursa efek indonesia 2005-2014 yang diukur dengan Degree of Operating Leverage, Degree of Financial Leverage, Degree of Total Leverage, dan Earnings. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan regresi data panel dengan eviews 9.0 terhadap 107 Perusahaan Manufaktur Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa secara keseluruhan tidak terjadinya pengaruh degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage, degree of total leverage dan earnings terhadap market venture dan terjadinya perbedaan hasil secara per tahun pada degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage, degree of total leverage dan earnings terhadap market venture. Penelitian dapat menambah bahan referensi dan mendorong dilakukannya penelitian-penelitian akuntansi pada pasar modal, pengetahuan informasi mengenai degree of operating leverage, degree of financial leverage, degree of total leverage dan earning bagi keputusan investasi di pasar modal, pemberi informasi market venture kepada investor dengan cara membangun instansi dan pencatatan market venture lebih baik.

JEL Classification: O16, G32, M41
Korelasi Perilaku dan Kompetensi Wajib Pajak dengan Aplikasi Self Assessment
Authors: Suratno Suratno
Published: March 2021

A B S T R A C T

This study aims to describe the relationship between competences and behaviour taxpayer with self-assessment application, to be able to provide input or submit to academia, regulatory research, practitioners, and the tax office for the application of self-assessment of personal taxpayers in West Jakarta can go well as planned government. The research was conducted by 30 survey respondents directly to the pre survey and 100 respondents currently using a survey questionnaire that contains a list of questions about the instrument under study. Respondents surveyed were private taxpayers who are registered and living in West Jakarta. Who did the calculation, payment, and reporting of the tax itself. The results of this study indicate that: (1) personal taxpayer attitudes positive significant with self-assessment aplication, (2) educate taxpayers personal positive significant with self-assessment aplication, (3) personal competence taxpayer positive significant with self-assessment aplication, and (4) attitudes, competencies, and personal taxpayer education together positive significant with self-assessment aplication.

A B S T R A K

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara kompetensi dan perilaku wajib pajak dengan aplikasi penilaian mandiri, untuk dapat memberikan masukan atau menyampaikan kepada akademisi, peraturan penelitian, praktisi, dan kantor pajak untuk penerapan self-assessment terhadap wajib pajak pribadi di Barat. Jakarta bisa berjalan dengan baik seperti yang direncanakan pemerintah. Penelitian dilakukan oleh 30 responden survei langsung ke survei pra dan 100 responden saat ini menggunakan kuesioner survei yang berisi daftar pertanyaan tentang instrumen yang diteliti. Responden yang disurvei adalah wajib pajak swasta yang terdaftar dan tinggal di Jakarta Barat. Siapa yang melakukan perhitungan, pembayaran, dan pelaporan pajak itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) sikap wajib pajak pribadi yang signifikan signifikan dengan aplikasi penilaian sendiri, (2) mendidik pembayar pajak pribadi positif signifikan dengan aplikasi penilaian sendiri, (3) kompetensi pribadi wajib pajak yang positif signifikan dengan aplikasi penilaian sendiri, Dan (4) sikap, kompetensi, dan pendidikan wajib pajak secara bersama-sama positif signifikan dengan aplikasi penilaian sendiri.

JEL Classification: H26
Keputusan Manajemen Memediasi Pengaruh Gross Profit Margin Terhadap Benchmarking Agresivitas Pajak
Authors: Sani Santi , Surtikanti Surtikanti
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The aim of research to determine how much influence the gross profit margin on a tax aggressiveness benchmarking with pemediasi management decisions. Correlational quantitative research methods with PLS regression analysis techniques SmartPLS 3.0 program and selection of samples by purposive sampling methodThe results showed a significant influence between the gross profit margin on a tax aggressiveness mediated management decisions in this case financial leverage and dividend policy. Contributions of research can provide a signal to the fund owner (shareholder) the placement of capital in companies that commit acts of tax aggressiveness, and the regulator can be considered the formulation of the rules-setting debt and dividends related to the effect of tax payments arising from tax aggressiveness action.

A B S T R A K

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh gross profit margin terhadap benchmarking agresivitas pajak dengan pemediasi keputusan manajemen. Metode penelitian kuantitif korelasional dengan tehnik analisis regresi PLS program SmartPLS 3.0 dan pemilihan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan antara gross profit margin terhadap agresivitas pajak dimediasi keputusan manajemen dalam hal ini financial leverage dan kebijakan dividen. Kontribusi penelitian dapat memberikan signal terhadap pemilik dana (shareholder) terhadap penempatan modal pada perusahaan yang melakukan tindakan agresivitas pajak, dan bagi regulator dapat menjadi pertimbangan perumusan peraturan penetapan hutang dan dividen terkait dengan efek pembayaran pajak yang ditimbulkan dari tindakan agresivitas pajak.

JEL Classification: M41, H25
Pengaruh Independensi, Pengalaman, Profesionalisme, dan Komitmen Organisasi Pemeriksa Pajak terhadap Kualitas Audit Pajak di Kanwil DJP Jakarta Khusus
Authors: Abdul Fatah Muhamamad , Wiratno Adi , Parulian Ompusunggu Arles
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to test the effect of independence, experience, professionalism, and organizational commitment of tax auditor on audit quality of tax. The population in this study is functional tax auditor in Kanwil DJP Jakarta Khusus.The sampel used in this study were 139 of tax auditor at random, because researchers used random sampling methods in the selection of the sampel. While the methods of data analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with the help of software IBM SPSS 20.0. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire which was converted into interval data through the transformation of MSI so it can be analyzed statistically. The results showed variabel independence, experience, professionalism, and organizational commitment of tax auditor simultaneously effect on audit quality of tax. Partially, only independence, experience, and organizational commitment have a significant effect on audit quality of tax, but variabel professionalism isn’t have a significant effect on audit quality of tax.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh independensi, pengalaman, profesionalisme dan komitmen organisasi pemeriksa pajak terhadap kualitas audit pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah fungsional pemeriksa pajak di Kanwil DJP Jakarta Khusus. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 139 fungsional pemeriksa pajak secara random, karena peneliti menggunakan metode Random Sampling dalam pemilihan sampelnya. Sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskripsi dan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan software IBM SPSS 20.0, dengan data kuantitatif yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dikoversi menjadi data interval melalui transformasi MSI sehingga dapat dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel independensi, pengalaman, profesionalisme dan komitmen organisasi pemeriksa pajak berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kualitas audit pajak. Secara parsial hanya independensi, pengalaman dan komitmen organisasi yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit pajak, tetapi varibel profesionalisme tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas audit pajak.

JEL Classification: M42
Anteseden dan Konsekuen Realisasi Belanja Modal Pada Provinsi di Indonesia
Authors: Zohrah Arifahtun , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to examine the antecendent of Government Expenditure Realization, whether there is influence of Original Local Income (PAD) and Balance Fund against Government Expenditure Realization, and to examine the consequence of Government Expenditure Realization, whether there is influence of Government Expenditure Realization against Economic Growth. The population of this research is 33 Provinces of Indonesia, and used secondary data of Government Budgets-realization of Indonesia Provinces from 2009 until 2013. This research used multiple regression in antecendent of Government Expenditure Realization testing and simple regression in consequence of Government Expenditure Realization testing. The hypothesis testing consist of coefficient of determination test, F test, and t test. The research revealed that in antecendent of Government Expenditure Realizationtesting, partially Original Local Income (PAD) variable and Balance Fund variable influence Government Expenditure Realization, and in Consecuent Government Expenditure Realization testing, partially Government Expenditure Realization influence Economic Growth.

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji Anteseden Realisasi Belanja Modal yaitu pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Perimbangan terhadap Realisasi Belanja Modal, serta untuk menguji Konsekuen Realisasi Belanja Modal yaitu pengaruh Realisasi Belanja Modal terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Provinsi di Indonesia, dan menggunakan data sekunder yang berupa Laporan Realisasi Anggaran (LRA) tahun 2009 sampai dengan tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi berganda dalam pengujian Anteseden Realisai Belanja Modal dan regresi sederhana untuk pengujian Konsekuen Realisasi Belanja Modal. Uji hipotesis terdiri dari uji koefisien determinasi, uji F, dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengujian Anteseden Realisasi Belanja Modal, secara parsial Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Perimbangan berpengaruh terhadap Realisasi Belanja Modal, dan dalam Pengujian kosekuen, Realisasi Belanja Modal secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi.

JEL Classification: M40
Prediksi Harga Rumah Menggunakan Web Scrapping dan Machine Learning Dengan Algoritma Linear Regression
Authors: Saiful Andi
Published: March 2021

Tempat tinggal atau rumah merupakan salah satu dari banyaknya kebutuhan primer bagi manusia. Maka dari itu sangat penting untuk membuat perencanaan agar tiap keluarga dapat memiliki tempat tinggal pribadi. Dalam perencanaan tersebut dibutuhkan prediksi atau perkiraan harga di masa mendatang. Maka, tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model prediksi harga rumah menggunakan metode machine learning adapun algoritmanya adalah linear regression. Dengan melakukan web scraping untuk mengumpulkan data, melalui beberapa website yang bergelut dibidang jual beli rumah. Adapun menurut developer rumah yang berhasil ditanyakan dilapangan terkait variabel yang mempengaruhi harga rumah diantaranya luas lahan, luas bangunan berdiri, banyaknya kamar tidur, banyaknya kamar mandi, dan ketersediaan tempat parkir mobil. Untuk mendapatkan nilai prediksi yang tinggi penelitian dilakukan secara berulang kali namun nilai prediksi terbesar dengan menggunakan 80% dataset untuk training dan 20% dataset digunakan untuk testing menghasilkan nilai output dengan tingkat akurasi dalam memprediksi sebesar 88%.
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Bongkar Muat KIP INNI Pada PT. Gusti Glori Sukses Pangkalpinang
Authors: Pradana Harrizki Arie , Mayasari Melati Suci , Andrika Yuyi , Fitriansyah Akbar
Published: March 2021

In managing the administrative data of loading and unloading production suction vessels at PT. Gusti Glori Sukses still uses manual administrative data management. All recapitulation of company administrative documents is still archived on sheets of paper, document preparation is still manual, which is considered less effective and efficient. Because data collection is still inaccurate, the effect on report presentation and administrative data processing tends to be slow. So that PT. Gusti Glori Sukses wants to have an information system for managing the loading and unloading administrative data of production suction vessels that is accessed internally which makes it easier for the company to run the company's operations smoothly. An information system that is made must be effective and in accordance with needs. The research method used in the development of this information system uses object-oriented design and analysis methods, with the FAST model, and the tools used are the Unified Modeling Language (UML). With the implementation of the information system for loading and unloading production suction vessels at PT. Gusti Glori Sukses based on computerization, all problems faced can be resolved, so that the administration of loading and unloading production suction boats can run optimally so that it becomes more effective and efficient.
Evaluasi Kesuksesan Implementasi SLA Pada Mobile PLIK Bangka Belitung
Authors: Pradana Harrizki Arie , Helmud Ellya , Romadiana Parlia
Published: March 2021

Information technology that is currently developing does not only apply to the world of information technology but has developed into other fields of work that require information technology to support the needs of their field. Services in information technology have been implemented by the District Internet Service Center (PLIK) Bangka Belitung to support government programs. Research conducted at PLIK aims to see and assess how PLIK's performance, especially Mobile PLIK, to the service level of their partners' satisfaction. During the PLIK research, researchers wanted to measure their level of service. The level of service that is measured is by looking at the implementation of the SLA (Service Level Agreement) that they have contracted with the user to what extent. So, the researchers took the data by observation, interviews, and questionnaires. After all, data is needed, the COBIT 4.0 Framework becomes a reference for researchers to examine this service level with the Delivery and Support (DS) domain on each item. The conclusion from the whole research process is that Mobile PLIK has measured their service maturity level (Maturity Level) at layer 4, namely Managed and Measurable. However, there are several districts that are still at layer 3, namely Define. Define that they have targeted and planned every measure of their work steps and of course they can improve the services provided to partners and be reciprocal to partner satisfaction with PLIK. Unlike the case with Define, layer 4 is Managed and Measurable, which means that Mobile PLIK has been organized and can be measured in conducting every agreement between partners and PLIK, so that its implementation can be accounted for every item in the domain.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, MOTIVASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA LINGKUP BADAN KESATUAN BANGSA DAN POLITIK PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Ishak Andi Wahyudi Amini , Pananrangi Andi Rasyid , Nurkaidah Nurkaidah
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, menganalisis dan menginterpretasi serta melihat fenomena yang ada dan apa yang akan diperlukan terkait dengan efektivitas kebijakan dan strategis dalam memberdayakan pegawai melalui pengamatan atau analisis guna mendapatkan temuan-temuan dalam mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh setiap pegawai dengan tetap mengacu kepada pendekatan konsep manajemen sumber daya manusia dan perilaku organisasi yang mengarah kepada peningkatan pegawai secara keseluruhan. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah lingkungan Kerja (X1), Motivasi (X2), Kompetensi (X3) dan Kinerja (Y) yang diukur dengan skala Likert. Populasinya adalah pegawai Badan Kesbangpol Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang berjumlah 60 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis keabsahan data dan analisis statistik data dengan menggunakan program SPSS 20.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi dan Kompetensi, parsial maupun simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja pegawai pada Badan Kesbangpol Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Motivasi memberikan pengaruh dominan terhadap Kinerja pegawai pada Badan Kesbangpol Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dibandingkan dengan variabel Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi. Jadi dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis diterima.
This study aims to examine, analyze, interprete and observe the existing phenomenon and what will be needed related to the effectiveness of policies and strategies in empowering employees through observation or analysis in order to figure out how to develop the potential possessed by the employees while still referring to management concept of human resources and organizational behavior that lead to the overall employee improvement. The variables in this study are the Work Environment (X1), Motivation (X2), Competence (X3) and Performance (Y) which are measured using Likert scale. The population of this study are the employees of the National Unity and Politics Agency of South Sulawesi Province, totaling 60 people. This research uses saturated samples. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data validity analysis and statistical data analysis using the SPSS 20.0 for windows program. The results of this study indicate that the Work Environment, Motivation and Competence, partially and simultaneously, have a significant effect on employee performance at the National Unity and Politics Agency of South Sulawesi Province. Motivation has a dominant influence on employee performance in the National Unity and Politics Agency of South Sulawesi Province compared to the Work Environment and Motivation variables. So it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted.
An Intelligent Fleet Condition-Based Maintenance Decision Making Method Based on Multi-Agent
Authors: Feng Qiang , Li Songjie , Sun Bo
Published: March 2021

According to the demand for condition-based maintenance online decision making among a mission oriented fleet, an intelligent maintenance decision making method based on Multi-agent and heuristic rules is proposed. The process of condition-based maintenance within an aircraft fleet (each containing one or more Line Replaceable Modules) based on multiple maintenance thresholds is analyzed. Then the process is abstracted into a Multi-Agent Model, a 2-layer model structure containing host negotiation and independent negotiation is established, and the heuristic rules applied to global and local maintenance decision making is proposed. Based on Contract Net Protocol and the heuristic rules, the maintenance decision making algorithm is put forward. Finally, a fleet consisting of 10 aircrafts on a 3-wave continuous mission is illustrated to verify this method. Simulation results indicate that this method can improve the availability of the fleet, meet mission demands, rationalize the utilization of support resources and provide support for online maintenance decision making among a mission oriented fleet.
Battery Capacity Estimation of Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Application
Authors: Jun Myungsoo , Smith Kandler , Wood Eric , Smart Marshall.C.
Published: March 2021

Simultaneous estimation of the battery capacity and state- of-charge is a difficult problem because they are dependent on each other and neither is directly measurable. This paper proposes a particle filtering approach for the estimation of the battery state-of-charge and a statistical method to estimate the battery capacity. Two different methods and time scales have been used for this estimation in order to reduce the dependency on each other. The algorithms are validated using experimental data from A123 graphite/LiFePO4 lithium ion commercial-off-the-shelf cells, aged under partial depth-of- discharge cycling as encountered in low-earth-orbit satellite applications. The model-based method is extensible to bat- tery applications with arbitrary duty-cycles.
Comparative Analysis of Features for Determining State of Health in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Williard Nick , He Wei , Osterman Michael , Pecht Michael
Published: March 2021

Traditionally, capacity and resistance have been used as the features to determine the state of health of lithium-ion batteries. In the present study, two additional features, the length of time of the constant current and the constant voltage phases of charging were used as additional indicators of state of health. To compare the appropriateness of each state of health feature, batteries were subjected to different discharge profiles and tested to failure. For each cycle, capacity, resistance, length of the constant current charge time and length of the constant voltage charge time were measured and compared based on their usefulness to estimate the state of health. Lastly, all the features were combined to give a fusion result for state of health estimation.
Wavlet Decomposition based Diagnostic for Structural Health Monitoring on Metallic Aircrafts: Case of Crack Triangulation and Corrosion Detection
Authors: Boukabache Hamza , Escriba Christophe , Zedek Sabeha , Fourniols Jean-Yves
Published: March 2021

This work focus on the structural health monitoring of aircrafts parts specimen structures made of 2024 Aluminum alloys using a reliable Joint Time Frequency Analysis calculation (Joint Temporal Frequency Analysis). In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of a new non destructive control method capable to probe very large structures within a short time. The method we developed is based through a wide piezoelectric sensors network on a smart comparison between two acoustic signatures: the healthy structure response captured before the commissioning of the plane and “an after flight” response. The sensors network exploits the capability of piezoelectric patches to generate/measure specific Lamb wave’s modes. The system is therefore dynamically configured to localize mechanicals flaws using a triangulation algorithm that operates using different techniques like pitch-catch and pulse-echo. The aim of this paper is to highlight a methodology that is currently being integrated into reconfigurable qualified and certified hardware architecture. The idea behind is to interface the airplane's structure to an integrated modular avionics calculator (IMA).An analytic study is performed and tests to prove the proposed method feasibility on corroded and damaged structures specimens are provided at the end of this paper.
Diagnosis of Fault Modes Masked by Control Loops with an Application to Autonomous Hovercraft Systems
Authors: Sconyers Christopher , Lee Young-Ki , Kim Kilsoo , Oh Sehwan , Mavris Dimitri , Oza Nikunj , Mah Robert , Martin Rodney , Raptis Ioannis A. , Vachtsevanos George J.
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces a methodology for the design, testing and assessment of incipient failure detection techniques for failing components/systems of critical engineered systems/processes masked or hidden by feedback control loops. It is recognized that the optimum operation of critical assets (aircraft, autonomous systems, industrial processes, etc.) may be compromised by feedback control loops, which mask severe fault modes while compensating for typical disturbances. Detrimental consequences of such occurrences include the inability to detect expeditiously and accurately incipient failures, loss of control, and inefficient operation of assets in the form of fuel overconsumption and adverse environmental impact. A novel control-theoretic framework is presented to address the masking problem. Major elements of the proposed approach are employed in simulation to develop, implement and validate how faults are distinguished from disturbances and how faults are detected and identified with performance guarantees, i.e., prescribed confidence level and given false alarm rate.The demonstration and validity of the tools/methods employed necessitates, in addition to the theoretical content, a suitable testbed. We have employed and describe briefly in this paper an autonomous hovercraft as the test prototype. We pursue a systems engineering process to design, construct and test the prototype hovercraft instrumented appropriately for purposes of fault injection, monitoring and the presence of control loops. We emphasize a general control-theoretic framework to the masking problem and utilize a simulation environment to derive results and illustrate the efficacy of the methodology.
Rolling Bearing Diagnosis Based on the Higher Order Spectra
Authors: Gelman Len , Patel Tejas H. , Murray Brian , Thomson Allan
Published: March 2021

Bearing defect diagnosis is traditionally done using the demodulation/enveloping technology. Diagnosis is mostly based on the spectrum of the squared envelope signal. In literature, the use of the higher order spectra (HOS) has shown to have a tremendous potential for vibration based diagnostics. In this paper we implemented and experimentally validated the higher order spectra based on the envelope analysis for the diagnosis of ball bearing defects. The implemented technology employs the spectral kurtosis to obtain a frequency band for the demodulation and the third order normalized spectra, i.e. the bicoherence for diagnosis of bearing fault. The high effectiveness of the diagnostics of the implemented technology has been experimentally revealed and compared with that of well-known demodulation/enveloping technology.
Remaining useful tool life predictions in turning using Bayesian inference
Authors: Karandikar Jaydeep M. , Abbas Ali , Schmitz Tony L.
Published: March 2021

Tool wear is an important factor in determining machining productivity. In this paper, tool wear is characterized by remaining useful tool life in a turning operation and is predicted using spindle power and a random sample path method of Bayesian inference. Turning tests are performed at different speeds and feed rates using a carbide tool and MS309 steel work material. The spindle power and the tool flank wear are monitored during cutting; the root mean square of the time domain power is found to be sensitive to tool wear. Sample root mean square power growth curves are generated and the probability of each curve being the true growth curve is updated using Bayes’ rule. The updated probabilities are used to determine the remaining useful tool life. Results show good agreement between the predicted tool life and the empirically-determined true remaining life. The proposed method takes into account the uncertainty in tool life and the growth of the root mean square power at the end of tool life and is, therefore, robust and reliable.
Fault Detection based on MCSA for a 400Hz Asynchronous Motor for Airborne Applications
Authors: Haus Steffen , Mikat Heiko , Nowara Martin , Kandukuri Surya Teja , Klingauf Uwe , Buderath Matthias
Published: March 2021

Future health monitoring concepts in different fields of engineering require reliable fault detection to avoid unscheduled machine downtime. Diagnosis of electrical induction machines for industrial applications is widely discussed in literature. In aviation industry, this topic is still only rarely discussed. A common approach to health monitoring for electrical induction machines is to use Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) based on a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Research results on this topic are available for comparatively large motors, where the power supply is typically based on 50Hz alternating current, which is the general power supply frequency for industrial applications.

In this paper, transferability to airborne applications, where the power supply is 400Hz, is assessed. Three phase asynchronous motors are used to analyse detectability of different motor faults. The possibility to transfer fault detection results from 50Hz to 400Hz induction machines is the main question answered in this research work. 400Hz power supply frequency requires adjusted motor design, causing increased motor speed compared to 50Hz supply frequency. The motor used for experiments in this work is a 800W motor with 200V phase to phase power supply, powering an avionic fan. The fault cases to be examined are a bearing fault, a rotor unbalance, a stator winding fault, a broken rotor bar and a static air gap eccentricity. These are the most common faults in electrical induction machines which can cause machine downtime. The focus of the research work is the feasibility of the application of MCSA for small scale, high speed motor design, using the Fourier spectra of the current signal.

Detectability is given for all but the bearing fault, although rotor unbalance can only be detected in case of severe damage level. Results obtained in the experiments are interpreted withrespect to the motor design. Physical interpretation are given in case the results differ from those found in literature for 50Hz electrical machines.
An Integrated Framework of Drivetrain Degradation Assessment and Fault Localization for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Zhao Wenyu , Siegel David , Lee Jay , Su Liying
Published: March 2021

As wind energy proliferates in onshore and offshore applications, it has become significantly important to predict wind turbine downtime and maintain operation uptime to ensure maximal yield. Two types of data systems have been widely adopted for monitoring turbine health condition: supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and condition monitoring system (CMS). Provided that research and development have focused on advancing analytical techniques based on these systems independently, an intelligent model that associates information from both systems is necessary and beneficial. In this paper, a systematic framework is designed to integrate CMS and SCADA data and assess drivetrain degradation over itslifecycle. Information reference and advanced feature extraction techniques are employed to procure heterogeneous health indicators. A pattern recognition algorithm is used to model baseline behavior and measure deviation of current behavior, where a Self-organizing Map (SOM) and minimum quantization error (MQE) method is selected to achieve degradation assessment. Eventually, the computation and ranking of component contribution to the detected degradation offers component-level fault localization. When validated and automated by various applications, the approach is able to incorporate diverse data resources and output actionable information to advise predictive maintenance with precise fault information. Theapproach is validated on a 3 MW offshore turbine, where an incipient fault is detected well before existing system shuts down the unit. A radar chart is used to illustrate the fault localization result.
Vibration Analysis and Time Series Prediction for Wind Turbine Gearbox Prognostics
Authors: Hussain Sajid , Gabbar Hossam A.
Published: March 2021

Multiple premature failures of a gearbox in a wind turbine pose a high risk of increasing the operational and maintenance costs and decreasing the profit margins. Prognostics and health management (PHM) techniques are widely used to assess the current health condition of the gearbox and project it in future to predict premature failures. This paper proposes such techniques for predicting gearbox health condition index extracted from the vibration signals. The progression of the monitoring index is predicted using two different prediction techniques, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (NARX). The proposed prediction techniques are evaluated through sun-spot data-set and applied on vibration based health related monitoring index calculated through psychoacoustic phenomenon. A comparison is given for their prediction accuracy. The results are helpful in understanding the relationship of machine conditions, the corresponding indicating features, the level of damage/degradation, and their progression.
Analysis of Acoustic Emission Data for Bearings subject to Unbalance
Authors: Niknam Seyed A. , Thomas Tomcy , Hines J. Wesley , Sawhney Rapinder
Published: March 2021

Acoustic Emission (AE) is an effective nondestructive method for investigating the behavior of materials under stress. In recent decades, AE applications in structural health monitoring have been extended to other areas such as rotating machineries and cutting tools. This research investigates the application of acoustic emission data for unbalance analysis and detection in rotary systems. The AE parameter of interest in this study is a discrete variable that covers the significance of count, duration and amplitude of AE signals. A statistical model based on Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression is proposed to handle over-dispersion and excess zeros of the counting data. The ZIP model indicates that faulty bearings can generate more transient wave in the AE waveform. Control charts can easily detect the faulty bearing using the parameters of the ZIP model. Categorical data analysis based on generalized linear models (GLM) is also presented. The results demonstrate the significance of the couple unbalance.
Towards a Capabilities Taxonomy for Prognostics and Health Management
Authors: Bird Jeff , Madge Nancy , Reichard Karl
Published: March 2021

This communication proposes the development by the PHM Society of a classification or taxonomy for the skills needed for the prognostics and health management (PHM) field. This taxonomy is a set of descriptors for each skill for a chosen range of competency levels: entry, working and mastery. This communication defines a structure and process to ensure application to real needs by employers, practitioners and training developers. Preliminary results of the development of Analytics, Test and Experiment Design and Cost Benefit Studies sub-domains within the PHM field are reported based on workshops at the PHM 2012 and 2013 Annual Conferences. Steps for a way forward are proposed and mechanisms for interested parties to participate are suggested. The PHM Society’s Education and Professional Development Committee would lead these efforts.
Inspection of the Integrity of a Multi-Bolt Robotic Arm Using a Scanning Laser Vibrometer and Implementing the Surface Response to Excitation Method (SuRE)
Authors: Fekrmandi Hadi , Rojas Javier , Campbell Jason , Nur Tansel Ibrahim , Kaya Bulent , Taskin Sezai
Published: March 2021

The integrity of a robotic arm was examined remotely via a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV) in order to detect loose bolts. A piezoelectric element (PZT) was bonded on the robot arm for excitation of surface guided waves. A spectrum analyzer generated surface waves within the 20-100 kHz range. The propagation of the waves was monitored with the SLV at the programmed grid points on the robot arm.The surface response to excitation (SuRE) method was used to calculate the spectrums of the signals, and compare the reference scan with the altered scan. Comparisons of before and after the scan showed that after loosening the bolt on the robot arm, spectrums of all the grid points changed to some extent, however, the largest changes occurred in the vicinity of the loosened bolts.The study shows that the SuRE method was capable of detecting the presence and location of loosening bolts using only one PZT element on a complex structure. There are two most important advantages of the SuRE method over the widely used impedance-based technique. The first advantage is the elimination of an expensive impedance analyzer; the second advantage is remotely monitoring capability as long as the surface is excited properly.
Performance Benchmarking and Analysis of Prognostic Methods for CMAPSS Datasets
Authors: Ramasso Emmanuel , Saxena Abhinav
Published: March 2021

Six years and more than seventy publications later this paper looks back and analyzes the development of prognostic algorithms using C-MAPSS datasets generated and disseminatedby the prognostic center of excellence at NASA Ames Research Center. Among those datasets are five run-to-failure CMAPSS datasets that have been popular due to various characteristicsapplicable to prognostics. The C-MAPSS datasets pose several challenges that are inherent to general prognostics applications. In particular, management of high variability due to sensor noise, effects of operating conditions, and presence of multiple simultaneous fault modes are some factors that have great impact on the generalization capabilities of prognostics algorithms. More than seventy publications have used the C-MAPSS datasets for developing datadriven prognostic algorithms. However, in the absence of performance benchmarking results and due to common misunderstandings in interpreting the relationships between these datasets, it has been difficult for the users to suitably compare their results. In addition to identifying differentiating characteristics in these datasets, this paper also provides performance results for the PHM’08 data challenge wining entries to serve as performance baseline. This paper summarizes various prognostic modeling efforts that used C-MAPSS datasets and provides guidelines and references to further usage of these datasets in a manner that allows clear and consistent comparison between different approaches.
Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Cable Prognostics Using Indenter Modulus Measurements
Authors: McCarter Dan , Shumaker Brent , McConkey Bryan , Hashemian Hash
Published: March 2021

As the fleet of nuclear power plants (NPPs) approach their1 original qualified life (typically 40 years) and operators seek license extensions, regulators require assurance that they can continue to operate safely in the decades to come. Some of the most important, yet often overlooked components, are the cables that provide the signal paths for instrumentation and control (I&C) systems used to ensure safe and efficient operation of NPPs.In response to this, the authors explore the use of expanding indenter modulus (IM), an industry-accepted technique for cable condition monitoring, into a prognostic tool for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of I&C cables. Not only is this technique non-destructive, but it can be performed while NPP cables are in service, thus making it practical for adoption into existing cable condition monitoring programs. In this paper, the authors describe an accelerated aging cable test bed used to acquire several types of measurement parameters as cables age. Additionally, practical techniques are described in which simple IM measurements can be leveraged for condition monitoring and RUL estimation.Error analysis indicates the proposed method is superior to conventional RUL estimation techniques, such as simple trending and curve fitting. The authors demonstrate that using IM can potentially provide a non-destructive, in-situ estimation of RUL for I&C cables. As described in this paper, the IM data clearly shows trends as a function of cable age, and shows promising performance for RUL estimation especially compared with conventional techniques.
A Novel Ensemble Clustering for Operational Transients Classification with Application to a Nuclear Power Plant Turbine
Authors: Al-Dahidi Sameer , Di Maio Francesco , Baraldi Piero , Zio Enrico , Seraoui Redouane
Published: March 2021

The objective of the present work is to develop a novel approach for combining in an ensemble multiple base clusterings of operational transients of industrial equipment, when the number of clusters in the final consensus clustering is unknown. A measure of pairwise similarity is used to quantify the co-association matrix that describes the similarity among the different base clusterings. Then, a Spectral Clustering technique of literature, embedding the unsupervised K-Means algorithm, is applied to the coassociation matrix for finding the optimum number of clusters of the final consensus clustering, based on Silhouette validity index calculation. The proposed approach is developed with reference to an artificial casestudy, properly designed to mimic the signal trend behavior of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) turbine during shut-down. The results of the artificial case have been compared with those achieved by a state-of-art approach, known as Clusterbased Similarity Partitioning and Serial Graph Partitioning and Fill-reducing Matrix Ordering Algorithms (CSPAMETIS). The comparison shows that the proposed approach is able to identify a final consensus clustering that classifies the transients with better accuracy and robustness compared to the CSPA-METIS approach. The approach is, then, validated on an industrial case concerning 149 shut-down transients of a NPP turbine.
Uncertainty in Prognostics and Systems Health Management
Authors: Sankararaman Shankar , Goebel Kai
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an overview of various aspects of uncertainty quantification and management in prognostics and systems health management. Prognostics deals with predicting possible future failures in different types of engineering systems. It is almost practically impossible to precisely predict future events; therefore, it is necessary to account for the differentsources of uncertainty that affect prognostics, and develop a systematic framework for uncertainty quantification and management in this context. Researchers have developed computational methods for prognostics, both in the context of testing-based health management and condition-based health management. This paper explains that the interpretationof uncertainty for these two different types of situations is completely different. While both the frequentist (based on the presence of true variability) and Bayesian (based on subjectiveassessment) approaches are applicable in the context of testing-based health management, only the Bayesian approach is applicable in the context of condition-based health management. This paper illustrates that the computation of the remaining useful life is more meaningful in the context of condition-based monitoring and needs to be approachedas an uncertainty propagation problem. Further, uncertainty management issues are discussed and possible solutions are explored. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the various concepts discussed in the paper.
A Multivariate Cumulative Sum Method for Continuous Damage Monitoring with Lamb-wave Sensors
Authors: Mishra Spandan , Vanli O. Arda , Park Chiwoo
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a new damage monitoring method based on a multivariate cumulative sum test statistic applied to Lambwave sensing data for health monitoring in composites. TheCUSUM monitoring method applied to the features extracted with Principal Components Analysis was studied to improve robustness of detection and sensitivity to small damages. The method is illustrated with measured sensor data from fatigue loading and impact tests of carbon fiber materials and the performance of the proposed CUSUM approach was compared with existing Mahalanobis distance based monitoring techniques commonly applied in the health monitoring literature. It was shown that the CUSUM approach can significantly improve the misdetection rate for monitoring gradually developing damages.