bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined SERS-Raman screening of HER2-overexpressing or silenced breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Spaziani Sara , Esposito Alessandro , Barisciano Giovannina , Quero Giuseppe , Elumalai Satheeshkumar , Leo Manuela , Colantuoni Vittorio , Mangini Maria , Pisco Marco , Sabatino Lina , de luca anna chiara , Cusano Andrea
Published: January 2024

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous neoplasm characterized by several subtypes. One of the most aggressive with high metastasis rates presents overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). A quantitative evaluation of HER2 levels is essential for a correct diagnosis, selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy and monitoring the response to therapy.
Results
In this paper, we propose the synergistic use of SERS and Raman technologies for the identification of HER2 expressing cells and its accurate assessment. To this end, we selected SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines, which have the highest and lowest HER2 expression, respectively, and MCF10A, a non-tumorigenic cell line from normal breast epithelium for comparison.
The combined approach provides a quantitative estimate of HER2 expression and visualization of its distribution on the membrane at single cell level, clearly identifying cancer cells. Moreover, it provides a more comprehensive picture of the investigated cells disclosing a metabolic signature represented by an elevated content of proteins and aromatic amino acids.
We further support these data by silencing the HER2 gene in SKBR3 cells, using the RNA interference technology, generating stable clones further analyzed with the same combined methodology. Significant changes in HER2 expression are detected at single cell level before and after HER2 silencing and the HER2 status correlates with variations of fatty acids and downstream signalling molecule contents in the context of the general metabolic rewiring occurring in cancer cells. Specifically, HER2 silencing does reduce the growth ability but not the lipid metabolism that, instead, increases, suggesting that higher fatty acids biosynthesis and metabolism can occur independently of the proliferating potential tied to HER2 overexpression.
Conclusions
Our results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the combined SERS and Raman approach to definitely pose a correct diagnosis, further supported by the data obtained by the HER2 gene silencing. Furthermore, they pave the way to a new approach to monitor the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments with the aim to tailor personalized therapies and optimize patients’ outcome.
NRF2 activation by cysteine as a survival mechanism for triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Bottoni Laura , Minetti Alberto , Realini Giulia , Pio Elena , Giustarini Daniela , Rossi Ranieri , Rocchio Chiara , Franci Lorenzo , Salvini Laura , Catona Orazio , D’Aurizio Romina , Rasa Mahdi , Giurisato Emanuele , Neri Francesco , Orlandini Maurizio , Chiariello Mario , Galvagni Federico
Published: January 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive and heterogeneous group of tumors. In order to develop effective therapeutic strategies, it is therefore essential to identify the subtype-specific molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy. TNBC cells are highly dependent on exogenous cystine, provided by overexpression of the cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11/xCT, to fuel glutathione synthesis and promote an oxidative stress response consistent with their high metabolic demands. Here we show that TNBC cells of the mesenchymal stem-like subtype (MSL) utilize forced cystine uptake to induce activation of the transcription factor NRF2 and promote a glutathione-independent mechanism to defend against oxidative stress. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NRF2 activation is mediated by direct cysteinylation of the inhibitor KEAP1. Furthermore, we show that cystine-mediated NRF2 activation induces the expression of important genes involved in oxidative stress response, but also in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem-like phenotype. Remarkably, in survival analysis, four upregulated genes (OSGIN1, RGS17, SRXN1, AKR1B10) are negative prognostic markers for TNBC. Finally, expression of exogenous OSGIN1, similarly to expression of exogenous NRF2, can prevent cystine depletion-dependent death of MSL TNBC cells. The results suggest that the cystine/NRF2/OSGIN1 axis is a potential target for effective treatment of MSL TNBCs.
LncRNA H19 induces vascular calcification by suppressing the dual-specificity phosphatase 1/optic atrophy protein 1 pathway
Authors: chen wei ren , wu xue ping , sha yuan , zhou yu jie , qian geng , she fei , zhang ping
Published: January 2024

LncRNA H19 was first discovered to be involved in vascular calcification (VC). Our previous research found that VC inhibits dual specific phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) proteins, increases calcium deposition, runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression, and apoptosis. This study sought to explore whether H19 induces VC and promotes calcium deposition, osteogenic differentiation, and apoptosis through the DUSP1/OPA1 pathway. The cell and animal calcification model were used to explore the effects of H19 on DUSP1/OPA1 pathways. β-glycerophosphate was used to establish vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification model. ApoE −/− diabetes mice were fed with high-fat diet for 32 weeks to establish animal calcification model. Calcium deposition was detected by Alizarin Red S staining and von Kossa staining. To observe osteogenic differentiation, the expression of Runx-2 and BMP-2 were measured by Western blotting. And apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and cleaved caspase-3 detection. The expression of H19 significantly increased, while the expression of DUSP1 and OPA1 significantly decreased in VC. H19 knockdown could significantly increase the expression of DUSP1 and OPA1 proteins. When DUSP1 was deleted, OPA1 was decreased again (P < 0.001). H19 knockdown inhibits calcified nodules, and reduces calcium content, Runx-2, BMP-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and apoptosis rate (P < 0.001). The inhibition of DUSP1 or OPA1 under H19 knockdown promotes the formation of calcified nodules, and increases the calcium content, Runx-2, BMP-2, expression of cleaved caspase-3, and apoptosis rate (P < 0.001). H19 induces VC by inhibiting the DUSP1/OPA1 protein pathway, which may be related to the increasing calcium deposition, osteogenic differentiation, and apoptosis.
An Imidazole-Copper(I) Metallacycle Complex Exhibiting Thermochromic Fluorescence
Authors: yu zongsu , wu dayu
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a new discrete coordination metallacycle complex, [CuI(bipy)]2 (1), is synthesized by solvothermal method using 2,6-bisimdazol pyridine and cuprous iodide as starting materials. The X-ray diffraction structure, temperature-dependent electronic absorption and photoluminescence spectra have been investigated. The solid-state fluorescence at variable temperatures shows that complex 1 exhibits an obvious thermochromic fluorescence. At low temperature, the dual fluorescence with peak at 590 and 694 nm was observed. The emission color significantly changes from red at 77 K to yellow at 200 K and blue-green at 330 K. The thermochromic fluorescent molecular materials shows great potential as temperature sensing.
The corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P coatings in concentrated KOH electrolyte
Authors: He Anqiang , Hu Hang , Aasen Drew , Ivey Douglas Gordon
Published: January 2024

Ni-P has been widely used as a protective coating for many substrates. The corrosion resistance of Ni-P in neutral solutions such as NaCl, or acidic electrolytes such as HCl and H2SO4, has been extensively studied. However, the corrosion behavior of Ni-P coatings in caustic media, such as KOH, has received much less attention. Typically, corrosion behavior is studied through the use of electrochemical methods with corrosion rates determined from corrosion currents and potentials measured from Tafel curves. In this work, the corrosion rates of Ni-P coatings, with P concentrations varying from 2 to 11 wt%, in highly alkaline KOH (11 M) are obtained directly through electron microscopy measurements of cross sections and subsequent correlation with electrochemical data. Phosphorus concentration affects the corrosion rate; corrosion rate increases with increasing P content, peaks out at about 6–8 wt% P, and then decreases with any further increase in P content. This behavior is correlated to internal stress levels developed in the coatings.
Nanofluidic platform for studying the first-order phase transitions in superfluid helium-3
Authors: Heikkinen Petri J. , Eng Nathan , Levitin Lev V. , Rojas Xavier , Singh Angadjit , Autti Samuli , Haley Richard P. , Hindmarsh Mark , Zmeev Dmitry E. , Parpia Jeevak M. , Casey Andrew , Saunders John
Published: January 2024

The symmetry-breaking first-order phase transition between superfluid phases 3 He-A and 3 He-B can be triggered extrinsically by ionising radiation or heterogeneous nucleation arising from the details of the sample cell construction. However, the role of potential homogeneous intrinsic nucleation mechanisms remains elusive. Discovering and resolving the intrinsic processes may have cosmological consequences, since an analogous first-order phase transition, and the production of gravitational waves, has been predicted for the very early stages of the expanding Universe in many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Here we introduce a new approach for probing the phase transition in superfluid 3 He. The setup consists of a novel stepped-height nanofluidic sample container with close to atomically smooth walls. The 3 He is confined in five tiny nanofabricated volumes and assayed non-invasively by NMR. Tuning of the state of 3 He by confinement is used to isolate each of these five volumes so that the phase transitions in them can occur independently and free from any obvious sources of heterogeneous nucleation. The small volumes also ensure that the transitions triggered by ionising radiation are strongly suppressed. Here we present the preliminary measurements using this setup, showing both strong supercooling of 3 He-A and superheating of 3 He-B, with stochastic processes dominating the phase transitions between the two. The objective is to study the nucleation as a function of temperature and pressure over the full phase diagram, to both better test the proposed extrinsic mechanisms and seek potential parallel intrinsic mechanisms.
Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Universal Stress Protein (USP) Gene Family in Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa
Authors: Fan Mingxia , Gao Song , Yang Yating , Yang Shuang , Wang He , Shi Lei
Published: January 2024

The Universal Stress Protein (USP) primarily participates in cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stressors, playing a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and Stress responses to adverse environmental conditions. Totals of 23, 26 and 26 USP genes were recognized in Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa, respectively. According to USP genes physicochemical properties, proteins from USP Ⅰ class were identified as hydrophilic proteins with high stability. Based on phylogenetic analysis, USP genes family were classified into six groups, USP Ⅲ and USP Ⅴ showed more diversity. Additionally, members of the same subgroup exhibited similar numbers of introns/exons, and shared conserved domains, indicating close evolutionary relationships. Motif analysis results demonstrated a high degree of conservation among USP genes. Chromosomal distribution suggested that USP genes might have undergone gene expansion through segmental duplication in Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa. Most Ka/Ks ratios were found to be less than 1, suggesting that USP genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa have experienced purifying selection. Expression profile analysis revealed that USP genes primarily respond to drought stress in Oryza sativa, temperature, and drought stress in Zea mays, and cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene collinearity analysis can reveal correlations between genes, aiding subsequent in-depth investigations. This study sheds new light on the evolution of USP genes in monocots and dicots and lays the foundation for a better understanding of the biological functions of the USP genes family, can be used in programs related to Cucurbitaceae breeding.
Epidemic characteristics of local HIV-2 transmission across Hunan province, China
Authors: ZOU Xiaobai , HE Jianmei , LI Xiaojun , ZHENG Jun , SU Xiaolin , CHEN Jie , Xi Chen
Published: January 2024

Objects: To understand the epidemic characteristics of HIV-2 across Hunan province, China, through sequence analysis.
Methods: This study enrolledall 13 subjects that were diagnosed as HIV-2 infection during 2017~2023 in Hunan province, China. The HIV-2 env and polregions were amplified, folloed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic and molecular propagation network analysis were employed to discern molecular characteristics and transmission patterns.
Result: All the 13 subjects acquired HIV-2 through heterosexual contact. They included 6 males and 7 females, while their median age was 54 years. These subjects included 3 couples of either sexual partners or married couples (HN001 and HN013, HN010 and HN011, as well as HN008 and HN009). Subject HN004 was reported to have commercial sexual activity engagement. In addition, Subjects HN001, HN003, HN008, and HN010 had participated in commercial sexual activities at the location that HN004 served as a sexual worker. Via phylogenetic tree analysis on the pol gene, sequences from all subjects were closely neighboring with the reference sequences from Gambia (Sub-type A). Using a genetic distance threshold of 1.5%, 7 out of the 13 subjects could be integrated into a molecular transmission network, and HN002 and HN004 were identified as the central nodes.
Conclusion: During 2017~2023, all HIV-2 infected patients in Hunan province, China, acquired HIV-2 through a traceable route, while similar HIV-2 strains were transmitting among these patients.
Effects of gut bacterial community on differential growth of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus): Molecular mechanisms based on host-gut microbiome co-metabolism
Authors: Wang Luo , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Anzheng , Pei Honglin , Tian Ying , Chang Yaqing , Hao Zhenlin , Ding Jun
Published: January 2024

Background Gut microbiome and their metabolites are increasingly recognized for their pivotal role in regulating the health and growth of the host. The mechanism by which the host-gut microbiome co-metabolism affects the growth rate of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) remains unclear. In this study, the intestinal wall tissues of fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG)A. japonicuswere collected from the full-sib family for 16S amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses. Results The results showed a marked variation in the gut bacterial community ofA. japonicuswith different growth rates. Compared with SG group, FGA. japonicushad a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes. Many of these bacteria were associated with the degradation of polysaccharides, which could potentially affect growth performance. The abundance of Proteobacteria, however, was found to be higher in SGA. japonicus, thereby increasing the potential risk of disease. The metabolome results were further supported by the predicated KEGG functions of the gut microbiomes, lots of metabolites related to the metabolism and biosynthesis of fructose 6-phosphate, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate were upregulated in the FGA. japonicus. Furthermore, the genes (IGF1,HK,PK,PCK1) were significantly upregulated in the FGA. japonicus, which were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Conclusions Gut bacterial community via their unique metabolic pathways, which in turn affected the metabolic phenotypes of the organism and eventually led to differences in growth performance ofA. japonicus. These findings might help understand the molecular mechanisms of growth gap in sea cucumber, thereby increasing the mariculture production.
The impact of perceived organizational justice on young nurses' job performance: a chain mediating role of organizational climate and job embeddedness
Authors: Song Jiamei , Shi Xindi , Zheng Xiaojia , Lu Guangli , Chen Chaoran
Published: January 2024

Background: The level of nurses’ job performance has always been of great concern, which not only represents the level of nursing service quality but is also closely related to patients’ treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived organizational justice and job performance and to explore the mediating role of organizational climate and job embeddedness among young Chinese nurses.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1136 young nurses was conducted between March and May 2023 using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Job Performance Scale, Organizational Justice Assessment Scale, Nursing Organizational Climate Scale, and Job Embeddedness Scale, and the resulting data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0.
Results: There was a significant positive correlation between job performance and perceived organizational justice (r= 0.477, p < 0.01), organizational climate (r = 0.500, p< 0.01), and job embeddedness (r = 0.476, p < 0.01). Organizational climate and job embeddedness acted as chain mediators between perceived organizational justice and job performance. The total effect of perceived organizational justice on job performance (β = 0.518) consisted of a direct effect (β = 0.313) as well as an indirect effect (β= 0.205) mediated through organizational climate and job embeddedness, with the mediating effect accounting for 39.58% of the total effect.
Conclusions: Organizational climate and job embeddedness play a chain mediating role between perceived organizational justice and job performance, so hospital managers should pay attention to the level of perceived organizational justice among young nurses, and develop a series of targeted measures to improve their job performance using organizational climate and job embeddedness as entry points.
Application of Optical Sensing Image Resolution Based on Heterogeneous Clusters in Basketball Training Real time System
Authors: Pang Haolin , Zhang Donglan
Published: January 2024

Speech intelligibility refers to the percentage of inconsistent speech units that are spoken by one or more speakers and can be recognized by one or more listeners through the communication system. If the phonetic unit is a syllable, it is called syllable intelligibility. The intelligibility test is conducted by a specially trained team using special speech equipment. In order to solve the problem of the increased surface area required to increase the score on the computer circuit, this article accepts that different CPU + GPU heterogeneous cluster application communication programs are suitable for Computational simulation. Through the CPU + GPU configuration for different applications, multiple GPUs can be used to simplify the performance of simulation calculations, and the cluster can only allocate storage requirements to the simulation. Combine the status quo of basketball training with basic technology learning, and combine the important role of basketball training courses in improving students’ quality, and analyze the basic technology of the online basketball learning system from the perspective of information participants, including system participants and system Parameters, system operation and non-essential requirements and others. Obviously, system design has high potential in terms of technology, economy and operation. The real-time system pays attention to the nature and effectiveness of the learning material technology, and will leave the actual teaching and supervision of system terminology, and create a learning process and evaluation time for real-time and simulated comparison, so as to effectively develop students’ interest in learning the basics of basketball. Dispersing students' time can be used to learn technical topics, and to find a new foundation for further improving the learning of specific subjects.
MOF-Integrated Responsive Injectable Self-healing Hydrogel System for Bone Regeneration in Periodontitis
Authors: Luo Qipei , Yang Yuxin , Ho Chingchun , Li Zongtai , Chiu Weicheng , Li Anqi , Dai Yulin , Li Weichang , Zhang Xinchun
Published: January 2024

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to gradual degradation of alveolar bone. The challenges persist in achieving effective alveolar bone repair due to the unique bacterial microenvironment's impact on immune responses. This study explores a novel approach utilizing Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) (comprising magnesium and gallic acid) for promoting bone regeneration in periodontitis, which focuses on the physiological roles of magnesium ions in bone repair and gallic acid's antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, the dynamic oral environment and irregular periodontal pockets pose challenges for sustained drug delivery. A smart responsive hydrogel system, integrating Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMCS), Dextran (DEX) and 4-formylphenylboronic acid (4-FPBA) was designed to address this problem. The injectable self-healing hydrogel forms a dual-crosslinked network, incorporating the MOF and rendering its on-demand release sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and pH levels of periodontitis. We seek to analyze the hydrogel's synergistic effects with MOFs in antibacterial functions, immunomodulation and promotion of bone regeneration in periodontitis.In vivoandin vitroexperiment will validate the system's efficacy in inhibiting inflammation and fostering periodontal bone regeneration. This smart hydrogel system with MOFs, shows promise as a potential therapeutic avenue for addressing the challenges in bone regeneration in periodontitis.
Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with risk for depressive disorder: mixtures approach
Authors: Wang Minzhen , Liu Jing , Zhang Lulu , He Yingqian , Zhao Yanan , Zheng Shan
Published: January 2024

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are shown to have adverse health effects on brain function, but epidemiological evidence for associations between mixture PFAS exposure and depressive disorder risk is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to assess the association between co-exposure to PFAS concentrations and depressive disorder. The study included a subsample of 1948 individuals aged 20–80 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2018. The weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), Quantile g-computation (QG-C), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were constructed to estimate the overall and individual effects of PFAS exposure on depressive disorder risk. A total of 3788 adult participants were enrolled from NHANES. The WQS model found that mixed exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances was significantly negatively associated with the risk of depressive disorder (WQSPFASβ=-0.25; 95%CI: -0.11, -0.39) after adjusting for various covariates The BKME results showed a significant reduction in the risk of depressive disorder with increasing total levels of the PFAS mixture, of which PFNA played the most important role. In qgcomp, a substantial negative correlation between PFAS and depressive disorder was identified (difference in risk for depression per quartile increase =-0.25; 95% CI: -0.13, -0.38). These findings suggested that PFAS mixture exposure in the US population may have a negative effect on the risk of depressive disorder.
Phage Therapy of Extensively Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections: Evaluating the Distribution of Phage in Human Body and the Impact on Gut Microbiome
Authors: Qu Jiayao , Zou Jin , Zhang Jiancong , Qu Jiuxin
Published: January 2024

Background Numerous studies have reported the successful cases of bacteriophage therapy in infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). However, the safety of phage therapy, as well as bacteriophage resistance, and the impact on human gut microbiome remains challenging. Methods The genomic DNA of phages and pathogen were detected by real-time PCR from 14 blood samples, 13 sputum samples and 10 fecal samples, respectively. The default value of negative result was set as 45 of Ct. The composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by Illumina-based 16S rRNA sequencing from fecal sample. Results Negative PCR results were observed for A. baumannii and the bacteriophage DNA in most blood samples. In the sputum samples, the CT values of phages showed a decreasing trend (45 to 14.7) and that of A. baumannii slowly increased (13.8 to 45) in the first phage therapy phase. During the second phase, the CT values of phage maintained at 28.5 to 26.8, and the CT values of the pathogen kept in a relatively lower level (13.2–18.1). In the fecal samples, we observed the significant decrease in the CT value of phage post two phases of bacteriophage treatment (35.5 to 22.5 and 32.6 to 22.7). Sequencing analysis demonstrated a largely changed microbiota profile both at the phyla and genus level during phage therapy. Conclusion Inhaled phages appears to be present in human blood, accumulate in the intestines and modify the community of gut microbiome.
Factors affecting management outcome of burn injury Among Hospitalized under Five Children at selected public hospital in Kefa zone, south west Ethiopia.
Authors: Alelign Zewditu , Assefa Ashenafi , Mekonnen Olantu
Published: January 2024

Back ground ;
A burn is an injury to the skin or other tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction, or contact with chemicals. The treatment of burn demands many hours for wound care from nursing staff, possibly multiple surgical procedures, and costly hospital care so, this study was aimed to identify factors affecting management outcome of burn injury Among Hospitalized under Five Children at Selected Public Hospital Kefa zone, south west Ethiopia
Methods;
Hospital based retrospective study design was employed with the total of 238 participants, randomly selected medical card of under-five children admitted at selected public hospital in kefa zone reviewed for five years using checklists adapted from previous literatures. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with management outcome of burn.
Result;
This study reported that more than half of respondents were females 55.9% and 64.7% of them were urban dwellers, management outcome of burn 65.1% of participants discharged without complications and only 1.2% of them were dead with burn after treatment, furthermore this finding also mentioned that age, residency, surface area of burn, pre hospital intervention and duration of presentation were significantly associated factors with management outcome of burn injury.
Conclusion;
This study concluded that majority of under five children who were admitted with burn injury were discharged without complications. In addition age, residencies, surface area, duration of presentation before admission, provision of Tetanus anti toxoid and pre hospital intervention were factors which affect management outcome of burn.
Direct anterior approach proximal femoral reconstruction total hip arthroplasty for adult Crowe type IV hip dysplasia
Authors: Li Wenwei , Liu Yang , Wei Ming , Yang Zhichao , Shen Xianyue , Chen Zhu , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Objective To evaluate the early clinical results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with proximal femoral reconstruction via the direct anterior approach for Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).
Methods From January 2023 to May 2023, 20 patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent total hip arthroplasty with proximal femoral reconstruction via the direct anterior approach. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss volume and perioperative complications were recorded. The Harris hip score, VAS score, Berg score, Tinetti score, leg length discrepancy, femoral osteotomy block size, loosening and displacement of the prosthesis were evaluated before the operation and at the last follow-up visit.
Results The mean operation time was 143.7±28.8 min (range, 90-200 min). Four patients received blood transfusions. All incisions healed with Grade Ⅰ/A, and no surgical site infection or deep vein thrombosis occurred. At the last follow-up visit, the Harris hip score, Berg score and Tinetti score were significantly higher than those before the operation (P < 0.001), and the VAS pain score was significantly lower than that before the operation (P < 0.001). The difference between the pre and postoperative length of the lower limbs was within 1.5 cm, which was significant. There was no wire fracture, femoral osteotomy block, or loosening or displacement of the acetabular prosthesis during the follow-up exam.
ConclusionTotal hip arthroplasty with proximal femoral reconstruction via the direct anterior approach for Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip not only reconstructs the abnormal anatomical structure of the proximal femur but also has a low perioperative complication rate and a satisfactory early clinical effect; thus, this approach is an effective method for treating Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip.
On Block g-Circulant Matrices with Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms for Transformer-Based Translation Machine
Authors: Asriani Euis , Muchtadi-Alamsyah Intan , Purwarianti Ayu
Published: January 2024

Transformer has emerged as one of the modern neural networks that applied in numerous applications. However, the large and deep architecture of transformers makes themselves both computation and memory-intensive. In this paper, we propose the block g-circulant matrices to replace the dense weight matrices in feed forward layers of the transformer and leverage the DCT-DST algorithm to multiply these matrices with the input vector. Our experiment on Portuguese-English datasets show that the proposed approach achieves a significant gain in model memory efficiency compared to dense transformer, with a slight accuracy degradation. We found that the highest model memory efficiency is achieved by the model Dense-block 1-circulant DCT-DST of 128 dimension at 22,14%. We further show that the same model achieved a BLEU score of 26.47%.
Anomaly Detection in Structural Health Monitoring using Spectral Distance and t-SNE- GMM Framework under Ambient Excitation
Authors: Laha S. K. , Swarnakar B. , Kansabanik S.
Published: January 2024

Structural damage detection is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of civil infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a novel vibration-based structural damage detection framework using Spectral Distance and a combination of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). By integrating these three procedures, a unique, comprehensive and highly effective approach for detecting structural damage is achieved. First, we extract spectral distance-based features from structural response data under ambient excitations, which provide information about the deviation of the spectral content of the signal from the undamaged structural response. Then, we apply t-SNE to embed the dimensional data into lower dimensional feature space and visualize the data in a low-dimensional space. Finally, we use GMM-based clustering to classify the data into normal and anomalous classes. To evaluate the proposed approach, the experimental data from the Phase II benchmark structural health monitoring problem introduced by the IASC-ASCE Structural Health Monitoring Task Group, is utilized. The results show that our method can effectively detect structural damage anomalies. Moreover, the proposed framework is computationally efficient, making it suitable for real-time structural health monitoring applications. This paper presents novel structural damage indicators (SDI) based on power spectral density deviations between damaged and undamaged structural responses. The study compares the performance of proposed spectral-distance measures and emphasizes the significance of spectral Kullback-Leibler distance as an indicator of structural deterioration. Additionally, the effectiveness of t-SNE-GMM is demonstrated in efficiently segregating damage configurations.
Study on anti-stab resistance of aramid fabrics treated by sol-gel technology
Authors: Chu Yanyan , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhao Xian , Zhu Baokun , Chen Hong , Xie Zhengquan , Huang Weihan , Chen Xiaogang
Published: January 2024

High-quality anti-stabbing soft materials have attracted much attention. The soft aramid fabrics treated with zinc oxide sol-gel was studied for anti-stab application. Four hydrosol was made by controlling the concentration (0.15 mol/L and 3 mol/L) and aging time (0 h and 24 h). SEM analyses shows that the fabric with 3mol/L + 24h sol is much more covered with ZnO particles. The mechanical properties test includes yarn tensile properties, inter-yarn friction, fabric tensile properties and burst properties were also carried out. The tensile properties of yarns are less affected. The tensile strength are increased by 50–90% but the elongation is decreased by 30–50%. Both the inter-yarn friction and the burst properties of the fabric with 3mol/L + 24h sol are the best. Based on the mechanical properties test, the stab-resistance of the fabric 3mol/L + 24h sol is conducted according to the test standard of GA68-2019. Compared with the original fabric, the maximum penetration depth and the average one are reduced by 26.9% and 33.26%, respectively.
DMDP: A Dynamic Multi-Delta Prefetcher with Customizable Runtime Quality-Aware Feedback
Authors: Wang Wuzhe , Li Hao , Zhang Peiyong
Published: January 2024

Spatial data prefetchers exploit similarities in access patterns across memory regions to generate prefetch requests. Within these, delta-based approaches record in-order delta histories between adjacent accesses and predict a delta, and then build new patterns from the predicted delta for subsequent prediction rounds in a recursive manner. This process is known as lookahead. However, we show that existing lookahead mechanisms fail to either recognize both simple and complex delta patterns or look ahead deeper, leading to substantial missed opportunities for prefetching. Moreover, when dealing with various programs with distinct features and complexity of access patterns, they lack a comprehensive feedback mechanism that is aware of the quality of prefetching to dynamically maintain an optimal prefetching strategy.
To address these issues, we propose Dynamic Multi-Delta Prefetcher (DMDP), which employs delta patterns of varying lengths to collaboratively build the lookahead process for prefetching, covering much more potential cache misses. To keep high quality of prefetching simultaneously, DMDP integrates a customizable feedback framework to dynamically adjust the lookahead depth, incorporating prefetch accuracy, timeliness, and prefetch-caused cache pollution (PCCP) with different coefficients in the evaluation of prefetch quality. Results on extensive benchmark sets show that DMDP outperforms two state-of-the-art prefetchers, Bingo and PPF, by 16.0% and 2.4%, respectively, requiring 15× and 5× less storage overhead. Moreover, by customizing feedback coefficients for programs with distinct characteristics, DMDP achieves an additional performance improvement of up to 6.2%. The area and power analysis based on the register-transfer-level implementation and TSMC 5nm process also demonstrates DMDP can easily fit into modern processor designs, incurring only 0.35% area and less than 0.1% power overhead over a high-performance CPU class.
Insulator defect degree detection based on multi-scale feature fusion based on transfer learning
Authors: Liu Yanli , Jin Jiahe , Zhang Heng , Wang Yingzhou , Xiong Neal N.
Published: January 2024

In high-voltage transmission lines, insulators are essential for isolating electronic devices and supporting the line. Traditional detection methods face challenges when using unmanned aerial vehicles to capture insulator images due to blur-riness and the small size of insulators. This study enhances the Detr insulator defect detection model through a transfer learning strategy. A convolutional neu-ral network is trained on a limited dataset, providing it with prior knowledge. The Deformable Detr model leverages the insulator string dataset to enhance prior knowledge and accurately detect the bounding boxes of each insulator. A defect detection and classification device with multi-scale feature fusion is added to Deformable Detr. After classifier combination, images are categorized as undamaged , damaged, or flashover-damaged insulators. Corresponding loss functions are set, and after model training, parameters are optimized through backpropa-gation. Experimental results show a 97.5% accuracy on the test set, highlighting the network’s strong generalization ability.
Adding salt to food as an indicator of gastric cancer risk among adults: A prospective study
Authors: Gicevic Selma Kronsteiner , Thompson Alysha S. , Gaggl Martina , Bell William , Cassidy Aedín , Kühn Tilman
Published: January 2024

Background: While dietary salt intake has been linked with gastric cancer risk in Asian studies, findings from Western populations are sparse and limited to case-control studies.
Methods: We evaluated associations between the frequency of adding salt to food and the risk of gastric cancer in a large prospective cohort of UK adults, the UK Biobank (N=471,144). Frequency of adding salt to food was obtained from a touchscreen questionnaire completed by participants at baseline (2006-2010). 24-h urinary sodium excretion was estimated using INTERSALT formulae. Cancer incidence was obtained by linkage to national cancer registries.
Results: During the median 10.9 years of follow-up, 640 gastric cancer cases were recorded. In multivariable models, participants reporting adding salt to food “always” had a 41% higher risk of gastric cancer compared to participants who reported adding salt to food “never/rarely” (95%CI: +4%, +91%). There was a positive graded association between the frequency of adding salt to food and estimated 24-h urinary sodium. On the other hand, associations of estimated 24-h urinary sodium with gastric cancer were nonsignificant.
Conclusions: “Always adding salt to food” was associated with a higher gastric cancer risk in a large sample of UK adults participating in the UK Biobank study compared to “never/rarely” adding salt to food. Frequency of adding salt to food can serve as a useful indicator of salt intake for surveillance purposes and a basis for devising easy-to-understand public health messages.
Mini-abstract
High frequency of adding salt to food was associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer among UK adults independent of age, sex, ethnicity, tobacco and alcohol use, prevalent morbidity, diet, or BMI. This is the first prospective study to show that frequently adding salt to food is related to higher gastric cancer risk in a western population. “Always adding salt to food” can serve as a simple indicator of excessive sodium intake for surveillance purposes and a basis for formulating public health messages aimed at gastric cancer prevention.
A comparison of field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) methods for analysis of metals on surface dust
Authors: O'Donnell Cara , Autenrieth Daniel , Nagisetty Raja
Published: January 2024

The traditional method for sampling for lead on surfaces uses inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP -AES) to analyze the concentration of lead and other metals on surfaces. This type of analysis is time consuming and costly. Field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP XRF) is another analysis method that is not as accurate as traditional laboratory methods but is more cost efficient and has a turnaround time of less than an hour. The primary goal of this study is to find the best method to increase the level of agreement between the ICP-AES concentrations and the FP XRF concentrations when analyzing lead concentrations on surface wipes. Inverse regression and ratio of the means correction factors were analyzed to try to improve the prediction of ICP-AES concentrations using FP XRF results. Fifty-seven dust wipe samples were analyzed using a split-half design. Half of the samples were used to create the correction factor and the other half were used to test the level of agreement. Linear regression and Bland -Altman plots were used to determine the correction factor that provided the highest level of agreement. A ratio of the means correction factor was determined to be the most appropriate.
How often can a protected area burn? Long-term detection of active fires in a Neotropical National Forest and implications for management
Authors: Silva Maycon Lima da , Félix Hudson Coimbra , Diehl Larissa Moura , Bernardi José Vicente Elias , Ribeiro Rômulo José da Costa , Salemi Luiz Felippe
Published: January 2024

Fire, depending on its intensity, frequency and duration, can have a undesired pernicious effect in natural protected areas (NPAs). However, little is known on the dynamic of fire in NPAs within developing countries. In the present paper we answer the following question: how often, in annual terms, can a natural proteced area close to a populated urban centers burn? To adress this, we mapped and classified active fires in the Brasília National Forest (Federal District, Brazil) over a twenty-year period (from 2001 to 2020). A total of 1.339 active fires were detected throughout this period, occurring every year. Most of the active fire hotspots were concentrated in areas dominated by forest plantations, grasslands, savanas and natural forests. There was significant increase in detection of active fire after 2009. The fact that there are fires every year indicated the need for (i) a greater number of firefighters available and (ii) increase in environmental education campaigns about fire in the surrounding areas of the NPA.
Smart Traffic Management of Vehicles using Faster R-CNN based Deep Learning Method
Authors: Chaudhuri Arindam
Published: January 2024

With constant growth of civilization and modernization of cities all across the world since past few centuries smart traffic management of vehicles is one of the most sorted after problem by research community. Smart traffic management basically involves segmentation of vehicles, estimation of traffic density and tracking of vehicles. The vehicle segmentation from videos helps realization of niche applications such as monitoring of speed and estimation of traffic. When occlusions, background with clutters and traffic with density variations, this problem becomes more intractable in nature. Keeping this motivation in this research work, we investigate Faster R-CNN based deep learning method towards segmentation of vehicles. This problem is addressed in four steps viz minimization with adaptive background model, Faster R-CNN based subnet operation, Faster R-CNN initial refinement and result optimization with extended topological active nets. The computational framework uses adaptive background modeling. It also addresses shadow and illumination issues. Higher segmentation accuracy is achieved through topological active net deformable models. The topological and extended topological active nets help to achieve stated deformations. Mesh deformation is achieved with minimization of energy. The segmentation accuracy is improved with modified version of extended topological active net. The experimental results demonstrate superiority of this framework.
Incidental finding of gastric lesions during endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: Okujima Yusuke , Kumagi Teru , Koizumi Mitsuhito , Kuroda Taira , Ohno Yoshinori , Imamura Yoshiki , Okada-Kanemitsu Kozue , Marui-Sato Kaori , Kokubu Masahito , Numata Yuki , Yamanishi Hirofumi , Azemoto Nobuaki , Yokota Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Yasunori , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: January 2024

Background
Gastric lesions may be incidentally detected during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). We aimed to clarify the detection rate of gastric lesions and the impact of awareness on the detection of gastric lesions during EUS.
Methods
This retrospective study collected data on age, sex, primary pancreatobiliary disease, indication for EUS and detection of gastric lesions. The detection rate of incidental gastric lesions and documentation of gastric findings was compared between patients who underwent EUS (1,932 procedures, 1,220 patients). A quick gastric screening during EUS was introduced in 2015; therefore, EUS was classified into the former group (2009–2014: 505 procedures, 409 patients) and the latter group (2015–2020: 1,427 procedures, 918 patients).
Results
Thirteen gastric lesions were incidentally detected during EUS, all in the latter group, including gastric cancer (n = 1), malignant lymphoma (n = 1), gastric adenoma (n = 1), gastric submucosal tumor (n = 2), and gastric ulcer (n = 8). The detection rate of gastric lesions was significantly higher in the latter group than in the former group per procedure (0.91% vs. 0%, P = 0.027) and per patient (1.41% vs. 0%, P = 0.015), and gastric findings were significantly more commonly described in patients’ medical records (39.8% vs. 2.97%, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Gastric lesions may be encountered during EUS. A quick screening during EUS improved the detection rate of gastric lesions, presumably due to increased awareness of gastric lesions during the procedure.
An analysis of gasdermin family of genes in UCEC with respect to malignancy status, mutation percentages and histologic diagnosis
Authors: BERKEL Caglar
Published: January 2024

Pyroptosis is a type of programmed lytic cell death mechanism associated with the activation of inflammasomes and inflammatory caspases, proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin proteins (GSDMA-E and PJVK), resulting in the formation of pores in cellular membranes such as plasma membrane and mitochondrial membranes. Here, I show that GSDMC expression was increased, GSDME (DFNA5) and PJVK (DFNB59) expression were decreased in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) cells compared to normal endometrial cells. Total percentage of patients affected by mutations in gasdermin family of genes was the highest in UCEC compared to other cancer types. The highest mutation percentage among the members of the protein family was observed for GSDME which also showed the most significant difference in the mRNA expression among other family members between tumor and normal samples, possibly pointing to its relatively higher importance in the pathogenesis of UCEC. Gasdermin family of genes (except GSDMA) had higher transcript levels in serous endometrial adenocarcinoma than in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, demonstrating the histotype-dependent expression of the most of gasdermin genes in UCEC. Transcript levels of certain gasdermin family members also differed based on residual tumor status and histologic tumor grade; however, the expression of any gasdermin genes did not change depending on menopause status. This study suggests that a better mechanistic understanding of pyroptotic cell death in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma might help identify novel therapeutic targets for the management of this gynecological malignancy.