bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatan Pembelajaran Matematika Bangun Ruang
Authors: Puspitasari Mega
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penerapan model PBL, meningkatkan pembelajaran matematika, mendeskripsikan kendala solusi. Penelitian ini merupakan PTK kolaboratif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes. Teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: langkah model PBL yaitu: orientasi masalah, pengorganisasian belajar, pembimbingan, penyajian hasil, analisis dan evaluasi, penerapan model PBL dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar tentang bangun ruang. Kendala penggunaan model PBL: belum semua siswa mengikuti pembelajaran, siswa kesulitan ketika berkelompok, siswa belum mencatat simpulan, siswa belum percaya diri, siswa yang pasif. Solusinya: mengarahkan untuk bergabung dengan teman lain, membagi kelompok sebelum pelaksanaan pembelajaran, meminta siswa mencatat simpulan, memberi motivasi, memberi arahan agar siswa aktif. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran matematika tentang bangun ruang pada siswa kelas V SDN 1 Jatisari tahun ajaran 2020/2021.
Peningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Huruf Kapital Melalui Media Game Edukasi Kahoot pada Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 2 di SDN Kedungrejo 02 Kecamatan Pilangkenceng
Authors: Widodo Purno
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskripsikan hasil peningkatan keterampilan menulis menggunakan media game kahoot pada peserta didik Kelas 2 SDN Kedungrejo 02 Kecamatan Pilangkenceng.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan selama dua siklus. Siklus I dan II masing-masing dua pertemuan. Pada tiap pertemuan terdiri atas empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi.Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa II SDN Kedungrejo 02 Kecamatan Pilangkenceng Kabupaten Madiun tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 7 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini, yaitu: observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keberhasilan penelitian sesuai dengan indikator keberhasilan di dapat pada siklus II, yaitu 86% peserta didik tuntas KKM, nilai rata-rata peserta didik di setiap siklus mengalami kenaikan.  Pada prasiklus nilai rata-rata peserta didik adalah 48,6 atau di bawah KKM. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata peserta didik adalah 57,1. Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata peserta didik meningkat menjadi 74,3 atau di atas KKM. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media game edukasi kahoot berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan menulis huruf kapital dalam pembelajaran daring pada siswa kelas 2 SDN Kedungrejo 02 Kecamatan Pilangkenceng Kabupaten Madiun tahun pelajaran 2020/2021.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Pecahan Kelas III Menggunakan Metode Problem Based Learning
Authors: Susandra Ratih Rintan
Published: September 2021

Hasil belajar merupakan kemampuan yang diperoleh peserta didik melalui kegiatan belajar. Dalam mewujudkan pembelajaran yang berkualitas diperlukan metode belajar yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi pecahan menggunakan metode Problem Based Learning bagi peserta didik kelas III SD. Peneltian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan tiga siklus. Setiap siklus dalam penelitian ini melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Pada siklus I sebesar 54,3, pada siklus II sebesar 74, dan pada siklus III sebesar 83. Hasil belajar afektif sikap toleransi peserta didik pada siklus I sebesar 2,7, siklus II sebesar 3, dan siklus III sebesar 3,2. Selanjutnya untuk sikap kerja sama pada siklus I sebesar 2,6, siklus II memiliki sebesar 2,8, dan siklus III sebesar 3,4. Sedangkan untuk hasil belajar psikomotorik Keterampilan menganalisis masalah pecahan pada siklus I sebesar 2, 6,  siklus II sebesar 2,9, dan pada siklus III sebesar 3,3. Hal ini menujukkan bahwa metode Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas III materi pecahan.
Improvement of Beginning Writing Skills Using Image Media
Authors: Indriani Resti Ita
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis permulaan menggunakan media gambar. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebanyak tiga siklus. Tahapan   penelitian  ini terdiri dari 1) perencanaan; 2) pelaksanaan; 3) tindakan; dan 4) refleksi. Subyek dari penelitian ini berjumlah 17 siswa. Pada pra tindakan ada 6 peserta didik atau 35,29% yang memenuhi KKM. Pada siklus I sudah ada 11 peserta didik atau 64,70% peserta didik yang memenuhi KKM. Pada siklus II sudah ada 12 peserta didik atau 70,58% peserta didik yang memenuhi KKM. Pada siklus III sudah ada 88,23%. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa media gambar dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis permulaan peserta didik.
Pembelajaran Berbasis HOTS sebagai Bekal Generasi Abad 21 di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Dwijayanti Nora
Published: September 2021

Keterampilan abad 21 dibedakan menjadi empat atau kita kenal dengan istilah 4C (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, Creative Thinking and Innovation, Collaboration, Communicatin). Keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat diimplementasikan dengan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS (High Order Thinking Skill). Pembelajaran berbasis HOTS dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif untuk menghadapi tuntutan abad ke 21. Pembelajaran HOTS tetap dapat diterapkan di masa pandemi ini dengan daring/tatap maya. Guru dapat memanfaatkan berbagai aplikasi digital yang dapat diguakan sebagai penunjang proses belajar mengajar. Sehingga, guru perlu meningkatkan kreativitas dan inovasi agar anak didik tetap fokus memahami materi yang disampaikan. Keadaan ini dapat dijadikan motivasi oleh guru untuk mengemas sajian materi semenarik mungkin dan inovatif, serta kreatif.
Peningkatan Kedisiplinan Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Media Google Sites
Authors: Arumingtyas Pramesti
Published: September 2021

Pada era pandemi covid 19 pembelajaran dilakukan secara online (BDR). Sistem pembelajaran ini membuat guru cukup kesulitan memantau aktivitas pembelajaran peserta didik secara langsung. Berbeda ketika pembelajaran dilangsungkan di sekolah, guru dapat memastikan peserta didik dapat mengikuti jadwal pembelajaran yang ditetapkan. Oleh karena itu, guru perlu mencari solusi terkait bagaimana cara mengertahui kedisiplinan peserta didik dalam melaksanakan pembelan daring di rumah. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk 1) mendiskripsikan kedisiplinan belajar dalam pembelajaran online, 2) media pembelajaran google sites pada pembelajaran online, 3) pengaruh media pembelajaran google sites terhadap kedisiplinan peserta didik pada pembelajaran online. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Kedisiplinan belajar berasal dari ranah afektif, yang termasuk salah satu poin dari nilai integritas, yang masuk pada ranah Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK), 2) Media pembelajaran google sites dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan belajar melalui jadwal pembelajaran dan jam belajar yang dicantumkan, serta dapat memantau kedisiplinan kehadiran, menyimak materi, serta pengumpulan tugas yang diberikan.
Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Peserta Didik Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Abdini Rivenski Mia
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) pada peserta didik kelas 3 sekolah dasar tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini berbentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu guru kelas dan 31 peserta didik kelas III sekolah dasar. Prosedur penelitian ini terdiri atas dua siklus; tiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua pembelajaran. Tahap penelitian tiap siklusnya yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dari penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, tes membaca pemahaman, dan dokumetasi. Rata-rata klasikal pada siklus I yaitu 69,1 dan 48,39% peserta didik lolos tes kemampuan membaca pemahaman. Pada siklus II, rata-rata klasikal naik menjadi 76,82, selain itu jumlah peserta didik yang lolos tes kemampuan membaca pemahaman juga naik menjadi 83,87%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran STAD dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman pada peserta didik kelas 3 sekolah dasar.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Siklus Air Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning dengan Media Diorama
Authors: Yuniarsih Rizky
Published: September 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilatar belakangi hasil belajar IPA materi siklus air peserta didik kelas V SDN Kluwut 04 masih belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM).  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam materi siklus air menggunakan model problem based learning dengan media diorama pada peserta didik kelas V SDN Kluwut 04 Kabupaten Brebes tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Peneliti melaksanakan PTK dalam dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan dalam satu pertemuan. Hasil penelitian pada tindakan prasiklus yang memiliki ketuntasan klasikan 12% dengan nilai rata-rata 55 mengalami peningkatan pada tindakan siklus I. Pada siklus I ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 74% dan nilai rata-rata 77. Penelitian berakhir pada siklus II mencapai ketuntasan klasikan 100% dan nilai rata-rata 97. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA materi siklus air pada peserta didik kelas V SDN Kluwut 04 Brebes tahun ajaran 2020/2021.
Enhancement The Social Learning Result Throught The Use of Learning Video Media
Authors: Nurvitasari Septiana
Published: September 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPS pada materi keberagaman budaya melalui penggunaan media video pada siswa kelas IV SDN 01 Papahan tahun 2020/2021. Rendahnya nilai hasil belajar dan kurangnya variasi dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran menjadi alasan melakukan penelitian. Penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Data diambil melalui tes, dokumentasi dan observasi dengan responen sebanyak 28 siswa. Indikator keberhasil 80% KKM 70. Hasil belajar pada pra siklus hanya 9 siswa atau 32,14% yang tuntas KKM sedangkan yang tidak tuntas ada 19 siswa atau 67,86%. Pada siklus I Tuntas:17 siswa  atau  60,71%, kemudian yang tidak tuntas KKM sejumlah 11 siswa atau 39,29% . Siklus II hasil belajar Tuntas KKM sejumlah  23 siswa atau sejumlah 82,14%, sedangkan yang tidak tuntas KKM sebanyak  5 siswa atau 17,86%. Berdasarkan peningkatan pada setiap siklus, maka penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan media video  pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada materi keberagaman budaya kelas IV SDN 01 Papahan.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menganalisis Daur Hidup Hewan pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Agustin Siska Tri
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran abad 21 mengharuskan peserta didik menggunakan keterampilan HOTS melalui pemecahan masalah dan berpikir kritis. Guru yang profesional harus bisa menyesuaikan model, metode dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang digunakan dengan karakteristik peserta didik abad 21. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan hasil penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis daur hidup hewan pada peserta didik kelas IV SD N 2 Mojayan Klaten. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebanyak tiga siklus. Tahapan setiap siklusnya adalah perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada siklus I peserta didik yang tuntas sebanyak 5 peserta didik, siklus 2 sebanyak 11 peserta didik dan siklus 3 sebanyak 16 peserta didik. Pada siklus 3 rata-rata nilai peserta didik mencapai 80. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis daur hidup hewan pada peserta didik kelas IV SD N 2 Mojayan Klaten Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021.
The Implementation of Blended Learning Model via Whatsapp for Improving Understanding Skill Units of Length for The Second Grade Students of Elementary School
Authors: Widodo Slamet Tri
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran jarak jaruh pada masa pandemi covid-19 membutuhkan model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini. Hal itu penting untuk dilakukan agar pemahaman konsep peserta didik dapat meningkat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep satuan panjang melalui penerapan model blended learning melalui whatsapp pada peserta didik kelas II SDN 2 Kendalsari Klaten dan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penerapan model pembelajaran blended learning melalui whatsapp dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik kelas II SDN 2 Kendalsari Klaten. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 15 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model blended learning melalui whatsapp dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep satuan panjang peserta didik. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan ketuntasan klasikal pada siklus III sebesar 86,67% (13 dari 15 peserta didik). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penerapan model blended learning melalui whatsapp dilaksanakan sesuai sintaks dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep satuan panjang peserta didik kelas II SDN 2 Kendalsari Klaten Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran CIRC untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Surat Undangan di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rahmawati Susilailiy
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh proses dan hasil belajar muatan pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada peserta didik kelas V yang masih rendah di SD Negeri 1 Lundong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis surat undangan pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 1 Lundong melalui model pembelajaran CIRC. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas V yang berjumlah 20 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pretest tentang keterampilan menulis surat undangan adalah 67,70 dengan persentase ketuntasan peserta didik kelas sebesar 55%.  Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 71,10 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas sebesar 60%. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 77,28 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas sebesar 82,50%. Pada siklus III, nilai rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 84,60 dengan persentase ketuntasan kelas sebesar 90%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran CIRC dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis surat undangan pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 1 Lundong.
Math Bilbul “Alaihisalam” as a Learning Innovation During Covid 19
Authors: Robia Astuti  , Nurmitasari Nurmitasari , Sutriningsih Naning
Published: September 2021

This research is a research and development that aims to produce an interactive learning media product in the form of an educational game Math BilBul "alaihisalam" (Matematika Bilangan Bulat “ayo belajar operasi hitung secara islam”) that is feasible to use and integrates Islamic values and is effective in learning in the era pandemic covid-19. The research subjects were all fourth grade students for the 2020-2021 academic year in the odd semester of SD Muhammadiyah who were at the Sukoharjo Pringsewu branch level. The research method used is development research by adopting the steps of Thiagarajan commonly known as the 4-D development model, namely: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The data collection technique used is through instruments in the form of learning implementation observation sheets, validation sheets of learning media suitability with student analysis in online learning, student activity observation sheets in learning, student response questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The results of this study are that an interactive learning media based on the Math BilBul “alaihisalam” educational game has been developed which is considered suitable for use based on the results of expert validation and is considered effective based on the implementation of learning which reaches 100%, student activity reaches 100%, student learning outcomes reach an average value. an average of 90, which is more than the KKM score, and a positive student response questionnaire that reaches 83.5%.
Law Student's Legal Attitude Towards Campus' Smoking Ban Policy
Authors: Cecilia Laura , David Maureen Cornellia
Published: September 2021

Cigarettes is a major national issue, especially amongst University students. An estimated 3.3 million votary will die of lung related diseases. This study discusses the law against students in the University Environment. The analysis was carried out using descriptive conceptual dams from KTR policies applied from each tertiary institution. The participating factors were the commitment of the local government, binding law enforcement, written restrictions on a place, positive support from the education sector and the active role of campus organizations. In addition, this journal was submitted to discuss students' opinions about the smoking ban in the campus environment and the number of cigarettes spent on each expenditure as well as the psychological effects obtained after smoking.
Bekwaamheid Effect in the Distribution of Divorce Cases in Indonesia: A Lesson from Sidoarjo
Authors: Mediawati Noor Fatimah , Maryam Effy Wardaty , Purwaningsih Sri Budi , Azizah Rizqiyah Rosyidatul , Cassey Merry Orienta
Published: September 2021

Peningkatan jumlah kasus perceraian di Sidoarjo, baik di Pengadilan Agama maupun Pengadilan Negeri, menimbulkan keprihatinan tersendiri. Tidak kurang dari 4000 kasus yang muncul setiap tahun, khususnya di Pengadilan Agama Sidoajo. Jumlah ini memicu keingintahuan peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian, yang mengkaitkan sebaran jumlah kasus perceraian tersebut dengan konsep bekwaamheid (khususnya kedewasaan umur). Dimana dalam logika sederhana, semakin dewasa umur seseorang, semakin matang tingkat pengelolaan emosi, seharusnya tidak mudah menghancurkan perkawinannya sendiri. Apalagi dengan alasan selingkuh atau ekonomi. Dengan metode penelitian hukum sosiologis, ditemukan jawaban bahwa ternyata bekwaamheid dalam hal ini tidak banyak berpengaruh. Dari tahun ke tahun (2016-2019), jumlah kasus perceraian di Sidoarjo tidak mengalami penurunan.
Enforcement of Criminal Law on Crimes of Criminal Consensus Against State Security: Learning from Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Roby Satya , Astuti Sri Ayu
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this legal research is to explain the first discussion, namely how to implement law enforcement against criminal conspiracy (samenspanning) which has been regulated in the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. Second How is the imposition of sanctions for criminal conspiracy charges regulated in the Criminal Code in case Number: 293K / Pid / 2016. This type of research is normative research which is descriptive-analytical in nature, using secondary data with data collection techniques through library research and processing data qualitatively, it is concluded that law enforcement against criminal conspiracy is carried out by penal measures, penal measures are one of the efforts to enforce the law or all actions taken by law enforcement officials that focus more on eradication after a crime is committed under criminal law, namely criminal sanctions which constitute a threat to the perpetrator. The stages in this way include investigation, further investigation, prosecution, and so on, which in this case is part of criminal politics. The functionalization of criminal law is an effort to tackle crime through rational criminal law enforcement with the aim of creating the fulfillment of a sense of justice and efficiency. The imposition of sanctions Criminal sanctions imposed if a person has been proven to have committed a criminal act of treason can be punished with a criminal sentence contained in Article 106 of the Criminal Code with the threat of life imprisonment or twenty years in prison.
The Indonesian Government's Liability Against Forest Fires That Caused Losses to Malaysia
Authors: Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo , Habibulloh Rizal Bagus
Published: September 2021

This study aims to describe the form of Indonesia's accountability to countries that are directly affected by the haze caused by Indonesian forest fires according to the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution rules. This research is intended only for written legislation (law in books) and other legal materials. In normative research, the author will use doctrinal research methods that refer to legislation (statute approach) and a comparative approach (comparative approach). The results of this study indicate that Indonesia's accountability for cross-border smoke haze pollution due to forest fires is stipulated in Article 3 of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Furthermore, the rights of countries affected by transboundary haze due to forest fires are regulated in Article 16 of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution which states to increase preparedness and minimize risks to human health and the environment.
The Legal Construction of Land Bank Regulations to Realize Fair Management of State Land Assets in Indonesia
Authors: AlZahra Fatimah
Published: September 2021

The fact that the amount of land is fixed while the need for physical development is increasing as the increase in population, leads to inevitable social conflict. Social conflict is caused by the conflict of interest between the government and the people. The people tend to be reluctant to let go of the land they owned for the development of infrastructure in public interest with the pretext that the price set by the government is too low. As an agency for which its primary task is to reserve land for the government that is obtained before the need arises, a land bank appears to be able to be considered one of the alternatives for land procurement without conflict that can be applied in Indonesia as a solution in overcoming the land crisis for development. Through the normative legal research method, this research aims to analyzes the land bank’s concept in finding a legal construction of land bank regulations to realize fair management of state land assets in Indonesia. The result of the research shows that the legal construction of regulations for a land bank as an effort to realize fair management of state land assets can be achieved with regulations equal to a law. Values of fairness, legal certainty, and legal usefulness in the organization of a land bank must be included in the legal and normative basis in the content of the proposed law.
The Care-Responsiveness Barometer: A framework to plan, measure and improve the care-responsiveness of policies, investments and institutions
Authors: Chauhan Dharmistha , Bist Joshi Swapna
Published: September 2021

Care work, paid, unpaid or underpaid, is a critical social and economic good. There is a need to place it at the core of all policy decisions and investments in development work, as well as across institutions. The Care-Responsiveness Barometer has been developed as a guiding tool for all institutions to plan, measure and improve the care-responsiveness of their work.
Corneal Elevation Asymmetry Vector as a Predictor of One-year-averaged Orthokeratology Lens Decentration in Low Astigmats
Authors: Xu Qiong , Wang Kai , Li Yan , Qu Jia , Zhao Mingwei
Published: September 2021

Significance: This study establishes a novel and practical method for locating orthokeratology lens decentration. The general lens decentration over a one-year period could be partially predicted using the corneal elevation asymmetry vector.Purpose: The predictive ability of the pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector for the average orthokeratology lens decentration in Chinese myopic adolescents with low astigmatism was explored.Methods: Thirty-five myopic participants (35 eyes) were enrolled in this prospective study. The follow-up time was up to one year. Various pretreatment corneal parameters were analyzed to identify potential candidates for lens decentration prediction. An accurate and objective method was developed in MATLAB to calculate the corneal asymmetry vector, which was defined as the sum of the elevation vector at the boundary between the reverse curve and the alignment curve. The program also locates a precise lens decentration vector. The relationship between pretreatment corneal parameters and lens decentration was analyzed using linear regression.Results: Lens decentration stabilized after 1 month. The averaged lens decentration vector was calculated to indicate the general decentration situation after stabilization. The magnitude of the averaged decentration varied from 0.07 mm to 1.35 mm, with 91% measuring less than 1.0 mm. Inferotemporal decentration was the most common type (66%). Among all the pretreatment parameters, only the corneal asymmetry vector significantly correlated with the averaged lens decentration in horizontal coordinates (R=0.374, p=.027). The vertical asymmetry vector was close to significance when correlated with the vertical averaged lens decentration vector (R=0.327, p=.055). The angle of the corneal elevation asymmetry vector significantly contributed to the averaged lens decentration angle (R= 0.344, p= .043).Conclusions: The association between pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector and one-year-averaged orthokeratology lens decentration may assist in fitting and understanding the performance of orthokeratology lenses.
Efficacy of Adenosine versus Verapamil for Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia Post- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Shokri Hoda , Ali Ihab
Published: September 2021

Background The aim is to compare the use of adenosine and verapamil for management of postoperative supraventricular tachycardia in terms of time of conversion of SVT to normal sinus rhythm, success rate, hospital stay length and adverse eventsMethods Patients (54–65 years old) received adenosine or verapamil groups. In the adenosine group, patients received IV adenosine 6 mg bolus then wait 2 minutes, if it failed another 12 mg IV of adenosine was administered. In the verapamil group, patients received IV verapamil 5mg bolus slowly over 2 minutes followed by a second IV bolus of 10 mg, 30 minutes after the initial dose in persistent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). If SVT persisted, the patient was shifted to adenosine. Results Patients were followed up regarding the efficacy of drug, blood pressure, mean time of conversion of SVT (time elapsed from effective dose of the study drug till conversion of SVT to sinus rhythm) and incidence of adverse events were recorded. The efficacy of adenosine was significantly higher than verapamil (P <0.001). The time of conversion of SVT to sinus rhythm was significantly shorter in adenosine group compared with verapamil group (P < 0.001). The incidence of hypotension was comparable between the study groups. The mean arterial blood pressure and the incidence of complications were comparable.Conclusions Intravenous administration of adenosine effectively treat SVT in terms of higher efficacy and shorter time of conversion of SVT to normal sinus rhythm compared with verapamil without any significant difference regarding the incidence of side effects between the study groups.Trial registrationThis study was approved by Medical ethics committee of Ain Shams University approval number FMASU R 62/ 2019). and the protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT 04203368 on December 16, 2019.
In-Silico Analysis of Interacting Pathways Through Kim-1 Protein Interaction in Diabetic Nephropathy:
Authors: Abid Fatima , Rubab Zil e Rubab , Fatima Syeda Sadia , Qureshi Aijaz Ahmed , Azhar Arfa , Jafri Aliya
Published: September 2021

Human Kidney Injury Molecule-1 also known as HAVCR-1 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1) belongs to cell-surface protein of immunoglobulin superfamily involved in phagocytosis by acting as scavenger receptor epithelial cells. The study focused to pinpoint the mechanisms and gene that interact with KIM-1.Methods: This in-silico study was done from March, 2019 to December 2019 .First the Enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network study of the carefully chosen proteins together with diagramed gene data sets was accomplished using FunRich version 3.1.3.it was done to unveil the proteins that may have an effect on the regulation of HAVCR1 or are may be regulated by this protein. These genes were then further considered in pathway analysis to discover the dysregulated pathways in diabetic nephropathy. The long list of differentially expressed genes is meaningless without pathway analysis. Results: Important pathways that are dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy patients are identified including Immune System (Total = 237, P<0.05), Innate Immune System (Total=140, P<0.05), Cytokine Signaling Immune system (Total = 116, P<0.05), Adaptive Immune System (Total =85) and Neutrophil degranulation (Total=78).Conclusion: The top 5 genes that are interacting directly with HIVCR1 include CASP3, CCL2, SPP1, B2M, and TIMP1 with degrees 161, 144, 108, 107, and 105 respectively for Immune system pathways (Innate Immune System, Cytokine Signaling Immune system, Adaptive Immune System and Neutrophil degranulation)
Agreement Analysis of LENSTAR With Other Four Techniques of Biometry Before Cataract Surgery.
Authors: Zhang Jinling , Wang Yong
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To test whether some biometry measurements provided by the Lenstar LS900 compared well with the AL-Scan, Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera, Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) and Tomey EM-3000. Methods: 201 patients having routine cataract surgery had standard preoperative assessment. In this clinical study, the axis length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) were taken by Lenstar LS900 and AL-Scan; anterior chamber depth (ACD) were taken by Lenstar LS900, A-scan, Pentacam and UBM; central corneal thickness (CCT) were taken by Lenstar LS900, Pentacam and Tomey EM-3000. The results were compared using a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation calculations. Agreement was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots.Results: The highest correlation was found between Lenstar and AL-Scan for AL (r = 0.975; P <0.001). For LT measurements, the correlation between these two devices was also good (r = 0.699; P <0.001). Excellent correlations were showed between Lenstar and pentacam or UBM for ACD (r=0.948, 0.704, respectively; both P <0.001), but AL-scan (r=0.453, P <0.001). According to CCT, correlation between Lenstar and Pentacam or Tomey EM-3000 were both excellent (r=0.817, 0.882, respectively; both P <0.001).Conclusions: In phakic eyes of cataract patients, measurements of AL, LT, ACD, and CCT from Lenstar LS900 yielded results that correlated very well with other clinical instruments.
Late Cretaceous Palynostratigraphy of Subsurface Sediments of Southern Bornu Basin, Nigeria: Implications For Depositional Environments And Palaeoclimate.
Authors: Adepehin Ekundayo Joseph , Oretade Bamidele Samuel , Ola Peter Sunday
Published: September 2021

Presented in this study are the findings of a cross-examination of the subsurface stratigraphic successions (1500-4600 m) penetrated by the Gaibu-1 well, Bornu Basin, NE Nigeria to understand the palaeoenvironmental settings and the palaeoclimatic conditions of the sediments. Sedimentological/textural description, lithological identification and palynological analysis were carried out using standard laboratory procedures and wireline (gamma-ray and SP) logs. The sediments consist predominantly of sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale, and shale. The sandstones range from fine-coarse, angular to sub-rounded, moderate to poorly sorted, and are texturally immature. Five (5) stratigraphic sub-divisions; the Bima, the Yolde, the Gongila, the Fika (Upper, Middle and Lower members) and the Gombe formations were identified. The palynozonation enabled four distinctive zones: (i) A (1) Triorites africaensis Assemblage Zone, (ii) A (2) Cretacaeiporites scabratus / Odontochitina costata Assemblage Zone, (iii) A (3) Droseridites senonicus Assemblage Zone, A (4) Syncolporites/Milfordia spp. Assemblage Zone. These suggest the well penetrated Cenomanian – Maastrichtian (younger) successions, interpreted to have been deposited in a series of continental to marginal marine environments. The sediments are characterised by palynofloral assemblages that are indicative of a tropical to subtropical climate condition that is warm and humid, which correspond to the late Cretaceous Palmae Province of Africa – Southern America.
Factors associated with poor self-rated health in primary care in Malawi
Authors: Kasenda Stephen , Meland Eivind , Hetlevik Øystein , Mildestvedt Thomas , Dullie Luckson
Published: September 2021

Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is a single-item measure of current health, which is often used in community surveys and has been associated with various objective health outcomes. The prevalence and factors associated with SRH in Sub-Saharan Africa remain largely unknown. This study sought to investigate: (1) the prevalence of poor SRH, (2) possible associations between SRH, and socio-demographic and clinical parameters, and (3) associations between SRH and the patients’ assessment of the quality of primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 primary care facilities in Blantyre, Neno, and Thyolo districts of Malawi among 962 participants who sought care in these facilities. An interviewer-administered questionnaire containing the Malawian primary care assessment tool, and questions on socio-demographic characteristics and self-rated health was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the distribution of variables of interest and binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with poor SRH. Results: Poor SRH was associated with female sex, increasing age, decreasing education, frequent health care attendance, and with reported disability. Patients content with the service provided and who reported higher scores of relational continuity from their health care providers reported better SRH as compared with others. Conclusion: This study reports findings from a context where SRH is scarcely examined. The prevalence of poor SRH in Malawi is in line with findings from clinical populations in other countries. The associations between poor SRH and socio-demographic factors are also known from other populations. SRH might be improved by emphasizing continuity of care in primary care services.
Indian Hedgehog release from renal epithelia drives local and remote organ fibrosis
Authors: Ferenbach David , O'Sullivan Eoin , Mylonas Katie , Xin Cuiyan , Carvalho Cyril , Wilflingseder Julia , Willi Michaela , Finnie Sarah , Pisco Angela Oliveira , Henderson Neil , Conway Bryan , Denby Laura , Hughes Jeremy , Bonventre Joseph
Published: September 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ageing inhibit tissue regeneration and increase risks of organ fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Increased numbers of leukocytes are present in the circulation and within the kidney of ageing individuals and patients with CKD where they correlate with progressive fibrosis. The involvement of activated leukocytes in progressive renal and systemic fibrosis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that renal leukocyte derived tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) promotes renal and cardiac fibrosis via downstream induction of Indian Hedgehog (IHH). We identify the Ubiquitin D expressing ‘inflammatory’ proximal tubular epithelia (iPT) population responsible for TNFα/NFκB induced IHH production. iPT cells are upregulated in the kidney in experimental murine and human renal disease and ageing. iPT derived IHH activates canonical Hedgehog signalling in Gli1+ stromal cells, inducing their activation, proliferation and fibrosis in the surrounding kidney and in remote organs including the heart. This can be inhibited by selective genetic Ihh deletion from Pax8 expressing renal epithelia, or pharmacological blockade of TNFα, NFκB or Hedgehog signalling. This data connects inflammation to progressive renal and cardiac fibrosis and identifies new targets for anti-fibrotic therapies.
An Introduction to Cognitive Restructuring for COVID-19 Induced Stress in Post-graduate Trainees
Authors: Sabzwari Saniya , Iqbal Rafay
Published: September 2021

Background: Healthcare professionals have experienced a wide range of psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontline workers and trainees are particularly vulnerable to such effects. This study aimed to share the experience of Cognitive Restructuring workshops for COVID-19 induced Stress in Post-graduate Trainees, highlighting their stress levels and effect of cognitive behavior therapy intervention in processing and managing stress.Methods: Workshops based on a Cognitive Behavior Therapy model were introduced to trainees at the Aga Khan University Hospital to self-assess stress and identify coping mechanisms. We collected data from the stress scale and workshop responses along with a focus group discussion. We performed item analysis of the stress scale and a documentary analysis of participant responses to assess the effectiveness of this intervention.Results: The majority of the participants had moderate stress. A statistically significant relationship was observed between stress level and perceived helplessness (p value 0.002). The feedback of the workshop was largely positive based on sharing of adverse experiences, developing a different perspective and a newer way of processing feelings; about 10% of the participants did not find this workshop useful. In the focus group discussion, the participants described stress scale to be helpful for stress quantification, ABC tool to be useful with repeated practice and reframing technique to reduce stress over time. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress in healthcare workers and impacted professional and personal lives. Interventions like group cognitive behavior therapy can be useful in recognizing and managing stress in trainees and can be incorporated in training programs to build resilience for similar events.
Primary Extra Nodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma in the Gallbladder: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Jiang Ya , Long Shi-Yi , Xu Wen-Mang , Gao Zi-Ran , Pan Xin-Yan , Feng Qiang , Wang Yuan-Yuan
Published: September 2021

Background Extra nodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is rarely occurred in the gallbladder, and it is generally difficult to diagnose before surgery. Here we present a case of primary ENKTL of gallbladder. Case presentation A 61-year-old female with pain in the right upper abdomen, and Murphy's sign was positive. Ultrasonography showed that a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the neck of the gallbladder, and the gallbladder wall thickness was 0.6cm; there were several high-signal stone shadows. Microscopic examination revealed coagulative necrosis in the lamina propria of the mucosa, the tumor cells were grown diffusely infiltrating, which with medium to large size and inconspicuous or small nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positively expressed CD3, CD2, CD56, CD43, TIA-1, Perforin, Granzyme-B, and EBER-ISH (-). Based on these findings, the pathological diagnosis was ENKTL of the gallbladder. The patient received CHOP chemotherapy regimens, who has been free of recurrence for 8 months after the surgery. Conclusion In the early stage, histological diagnosis of ENKTL is difficult, and the patient may not have obvious symptoms, for patients with the gallbladder wall thickens and has protrusions, ENKTL should be regarded as one of the differential diagnosis.
Ring Finger Sensory Latency Difference in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Wang Qingping , Chu Hong , Wang Hongyang , Jin Yan , Zhao Xiaoquan , Weng Chao , Lu Zuneng
Published: September 2021

Objective: To explore the evaluation value of the sensitivity of the median/ulnar nerve sensory latency difference in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and the evaluation value of severity.Methods: 122 patients with CTS and 42 normal controls were collected from the department of Neurology in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2019 to January 2021. Electrophysiological tests were performed on the CTS patients group and the control group. The distal latency of the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of the median nerve and the ulnar nerve of the two groups was recorded. According to electrophysiological results，the patients were divided into three grades: mild, moderate and severe, the sensitivity of the nerve sensory action potential distal latency (SDL) to the diagnosis of CTS patients were analyzed, and the relationship with the severity of CTS was analyzed.Results: ①There were significant differences between the median nerve sensory action potential distal latency (MSDL) of 179 affected hands and the control group; And median and ulnar sensory latency difference to ring finger (MUD) was significantly different from the control group; But ulnar nerve sensory action potential distal latency （USDL） was not significantly different from the control group (P=0.182). When the cutoff value of MSDL is 2.465ms, the sensitivity is 85.5% and the specificity is 90.4%; when the cutoff value of MUD is 0.38ms, the sensitivity is 100% and the specificity is 100%. ②In the mild, moderate, severe and control group, there was no significant difference in USDL between all the groups (P=0.56)a; between the control group and the mild group, moderate group, and severe group, and between the mild and moderate, significant differences were found in the MSDL and MUD. No significant difference between mild and severe (P=0.66), moderate and severe (P=1.00). ③ MSDL and MUD are correlated with the severity of CTS. There is no correlation between USDL and CTS severity.Conclusion: The ulnar nerve is not damaged in CTS; a smaller MSDL can reflect median nerve damage, which is beneficial to the early diagnosis of CTS; MUD is more sensitive than MSDL in diagnosing CTS; MUD is correlated with severity, which is beneficial to pain for patients who are more sensitive and cannot tolerate electrical stimulation, perhaps only measuring MUD can reflect the severity, relieve the patient's pain, and can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.
Fast Drying Combined With Rapid Cooling Can Enhance The Survival of The Desiccation Sensitive Wheat Pollen After Ultra-Low Temperature Storage
Authors: Impe Daniela , Ballesteros Daniel , Nagel Manuela
Published: September 2021

Long-term storage of pollen is important for the fertilization of spatially or temporally isolated female parents, especially during hybrid breeding. Wheat pollen is dehydration-sensitive and rapidly loses viability after shedding. To preserve wheat pollen, we hypothesized that fast-(flash)-drying and fast cooling (150°C min-1) compared to slow-(air)-drying and slow cooling (1°C min-1) would increase the rate of intracellular water content (WC) removal, decrease intracellular ice crystal formation, and increase viability after exposure to ultra-low temperatures. High correlations were found between pollen WC and viability analyzed by impedance flow cytometry (IFC viability: r=0.92, P<0.001) and pollen germination (r=0.94, P<0.001). After 10 min of air-drying, 66% WC was lost and pollen germination was at 12.2±12.3%. After 10 min of flash-drying, WC of pollen reduced by 74%. IFC viability decreased from 90.2±6.7 to 39.4±17.9%, and pollen germination dropped from 33.7±16.9 to 1.9±3.9%. After 12 min of flash-drying, WCs decreased to <0.34 mg H2O mg-1 DW, ice crystal formation was completely prevented (ΔH=0 J mg-1 DW), and pollen germination reached 1.2±1.0%. After slow and fast cooling, flash-dried pollen (WC 0.91±0.11 mg H2O mg-1 DW) showed less ice crystal formation during cryomicroscopic-video-recordings and had IFC viability of 4.5±7.0% (slow) and 6.1±8.8% (fast), respectively, compared to air-dried pollen which lost all viability. Generally, fast-(flash)-drying and increased cooling rates may enable the survival of wheat pollen likely due to (1) a fast rate of intracellular WC loss that reduces deleterious biochemical changes associated with the drying process and (2) a delay and reduction in intracellular ice crystal formation.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Formation Processes of Ordovician Limestone Groundwater in Zhuozishan Coalfield, Northwest China
Authors: Shidong Wang , Tiantian Wang , Lei Shi , Zhibin Yang , Hongpu Tang , Hanjiang Lv , Kaipeng Zhu , Feng Xu , Juan Fan , Gang Fang
Published: September 2021

Groundwater is essential for water supplies in arid and semi-arid region. Analyzing the characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater in mining area is crucial for coal mine water prevention and rational groundwater resources management. This study reached the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolutions of Ordovician groundwater in the zhuozishan coal mine, northwest China.34 groundwater samples were collected for hydrogeochemical analyses and piper trilinear diagram, gibbs diagram, ion ratio diagram were used to research groundwater formation processes. The results indicate that the concentration of Na++ K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, TDS, and pH increase from the recharge area to the discharge area, however, that of Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreases.And each indicator varied greatly in the north and south of the coalfield. Hydrogeochemical types of the runoff from Zhuozishan Mountain to Gongdeer Mountain and then to the south-north directional change obviously. And the groundwater process is controlled by rock weathering action and cation exchange. Whereas the hydrochemical type of the runoff from Zhuozishan Mountain to the south is always SO4▪Cl-Ca▪Na type, and groundwater process is controlled from rock weathering action to evaporation concentration and reverse cation exchange. When it comes to ion source, Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly origin from the silicate dissolution, while Na+ and K+ are mainly derived from cation exchange and barely from the halite dissolution. In summary,in the northern part of the coalfield, due to geological structure, a retention area is formed with groundwater, and the runoff process is disordered with a complicated formation process. The middle part is not blocked by the geological structure, the runoff direction do not change, so the formation of groundwater is simple. And in the southern part, due to the deepening stratum and fault blocking, a retention zone is formed, making groundwater formation process more complicated. This study will contribute to groundwater resources management and mine water inrush control in this coalfield and at other mines.