bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of hydrothermal wustite-magnetite spherules from the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean
Authors: Agarwal Deepak K. , Palayil John Kurian
Published: April 2022

A sediment sample with high abundance (19 spherules in ~ 85 g) of spherules was recovered from Central Indian Ridge (CIR) segment S2 (70° 54′ E, 25° 14′ S to 70° 50′ E, 24° 41′ S), ~ 85 km north of Rodrigues triple junction (RTJ). On the external surface of the spherules, magnetite appears as crystals, whereas wustite mostly appears as a homogenous glass phase. These spherules are composed of wustite and magnetite hosting Mn, unlike micrometeorites which essentially host Ni. Mn is more heterogeneously distributed with a relatively higher concentration in the wustite phase than the magnetite, suggesting hydrothermal origin. Furthermore, the presence of sulfide nano-particles in the wustite phase and a minor quantity of Pb and S in the ferrihydrite matrix points to the fact that CIR spherules are of hydrothermal origin. The CIR spherules could have formed either by the interaction of the reduced hydrothermal fluids with the ultramafic/basaltic rocks or silica-undersaturated magmatic melts, or by alteration of original particles (such as cosmic spherules, volcanic spherules, or even foraminifera) via Mn-bearing hydrothermal fluids, such as released during the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. The finding of Mn hosting wustite-magnetite assemblage suggests an hydrothermal system in the near vicinity and can be considered as an additional proxy for indication of hydrothermal activity.
Mentalization and dissociation after adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Wagner-Skacel J. , Riedl D. , Kampling H. , Lampe A.
Published: April 2022

.

Impairment of mentalization may impact coping strategies, regulation of affect and stress. The influence of impaired mentalization on dissociation in patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) could be important for treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between ACEs, mentalizing and dissociation in adult individuals. Sixty-seven patients with ACEs completed the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), the Essener Trauma Inventory (ETI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). The SPSS PROCESS macro tool was applied to test if mentalization mediated the relationship of ACEs and dissociation. ACEs were significantly associated with higher dissociation (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and lower mentalization (β = − 0.49, p < 0.001). When mentalization was added to the model as a predictor, the association of ACEs with dissociation was no longer significant (β = 0.11, p = 0.31) and a statistically significant indirect effect was found (β = 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.47). The overall explained variance of dissociation notably improved after inclusion of mentalization (17.5% to 49.1%). Thus, the results indicated that the association of ACEs on dissociation was fully mediated by mentalization. Our results suggest that ACEs are associated with lower mentalization and higher dissociation. Lower mentalization was also associated with worse depression, anxiety, somatization and PTSD symptoms. These findings underline the increasing importance of early treatment of individuals affected by ACEs with a focus to foster the development of mentalization.
Managing uncertainty of expert’s assessment in FMEA with the belief divergence measure
Authors: Liu Yiyi , Tang Yongchuan
Published: April 2022

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is an effective model that identifies the potential risk in the management process. In FMEA, the priority of the failure mode is determined by the risk priority number. There is enormous uncertainty and ambiguity in the traditional FMEA because of the divergence between expert assessments. To address the uncertainty of expert assessments, this work proposes an improved method based on the belief divergence measure. This method uses the belief divergence measure to calculate the average divergence of expert assessments, which is regarded as the reciprocal of the average support of assessments. Then convert the relative support among different experts into the relative weight of the experts. In this way, we will obtain a result with higher reliability. Finally, two practical cases are used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. The method can be used effectively in practical applications.
Morphological and molecular characterization of some pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) genotypes collected from Erzincan province of Turkey
Authors: Öztürk Halil İbrahim , Dönderalp Veysel , Bulut Hüseyin , Korkut Recep
Published: April 2022

Plant genetic resources constitute the most valuable assets of countries. It is of great importance to determine the genetic variation among these resources and to use the data in breeding studies. To determine the genetic diversity among genotypes of Cucurbita pepo L. species of pumpkin, which is widely grown in Erzincan, 29 different pumpkin genotypes collected were examined based on the morphological parameters and molecular characteristics. SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers were used to determine genetic diversity at the molecular level. The analysis of morphological characterization within genotypes showed a wide variability in morphological traits of plant, flower, fruit, and leaf. In the evaluation performed using SSR markers, all primers exhibited polymorphism rate of %100. Seven SSR markers yielded a total of 15 polymorphic bands, the number of alleles per marker ranged from 2 to 3, and the mean number of alleles was 2.14. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.06 (GMT-M61) to 0.247 (GMT-P41), and the mean PIC value per marker was 0.152. Cluster analysis using Nei's genetic distance determined that 29 genotypes were divided into 4 major groups. The present findings have revealed the genetic diversity among pumpkin genotypes collected from Erzincan province and may form the basis for further breeding studies in pumpkin.
Extremely rapid up-and-down motions of island arc crust during arc-continent collision
Authors: Lai Larry Syu-Heng , Dorsey Rebecca J. , Horng Chorng-Shern , Chi Wen-Rong , Shea Kai-Shuan , Yen Jiun-Yee
Published: April 2022

Mountain building and the rock cycle often involve large vertical crustal motions, but their rates and timescales in unmetamorphosed rocks remain poorly understood. We utilize high-resolution magneto-biostratigraphy and backstripping analysis of marine deposits in an active arc-continent suture zone of eastern Taiwan to document short cycles of vertical crustal oscillations. A basal unconformity formed on Miocene volcanic arc crust in an uplifting forebulge starting ~6 Ma, followed by rapid foredeep subsidence at 2.3–3.2 mm yr−1 (~3.4–0.5 Ma) in response to oceanward-migrating flexural wave. Since ~0.8–0.5 Ma, arc crust has undergone extremely rapid (~9.0–14.4 mm yr−1) uplift to form the modern Coastal Range during transpressional strain. The northern sector may have recently entered another phase of subsidence related to a subduction polarity reversal. These transient vertical crustal motions are under-detected by thermochronologic methods, but are likely characteristic of continental growth by arc accretion over geologic timescales.
Plasmonic nanomaterials with responsive polymer hydrogels for sensing and actuation
Authors: Diehl Fiona , Hageneder Simone , Fossati Stefan , Auer Simone K. , Dostalek Jakub , Jonas Ulrich
Published: April 2022

The combination of plasmonic nanomaterials with responsive polymer hydrogels yields novel materials and devices with exceptional synergetic properties, which are reviewed in the context of applications, such as sensing and actuation.
Enhanced hydrothermal stability and SO2-tolerance of Cu–Fe modified AEI zeolite catalysts in NH3-SCR of NOx
Authors: Sun Gang , Yu Rui , Xu Lulu , Wang Bingchun , Zhang Weiping
Published: April 2022

Cu/Fe-SSZ-39 zeolites with AEI structure show significant enhancements on the NH3-SCR reactivity, hydrothermal stability and SO2-tolerance, which makes them very promising in deNOx applications.
Unveiling of a smartphone-mediated ratiometric chemosensor towards the nanomolar level detection of lethal CN−: combined experimental and theoretical validation with the proposition of a molecular logic circuitry
Authors: Paul Suparna , Mondal Udayan , Nag Somrita , Seth Madhupa , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: April 2022

A ratiometric chemosensor (DNMH) is unveiled herein, demonstrating selective chromogenic response towards CN−, with a LOD of 278 nM. Consequently, molecular logic circuitry and a smartphone-based colorimetric sensory prototype has been explored.
A designer DNA tetrahedron-based molecular beacon for tumor-related microRNA fluorescence imaging in living cells
Authors: Li Shuainan , Wang Chenguang , Xu Yi , Wang Wei , Zhao Xiaoshuang , Qian Qiuling , Mi Xianqiang
Published: April 2022

A designer nanoprobe of tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) combined with MB (termed TDFM nanoprobe) for the efficient fluorescence imaging of tumor-related miRNA-214 in living cells.
Synthesis of a helicene-fused porphyrin leading to a π-extended chiral chromophore
Authors: Silber Vincent , Gruber Nathalie , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Ruppert Romain
Published: April 2022

The Scholl reaction afforded in very high yield a fused porphyrin–helicene conjugate and the enantiomers were separated and studied.
Structural phase transition and switchable dielectric behaviour of a one-dimensional chain niobium oxyfluoride
Authors: Feng Yan , Wang Ze-Jie , Li Long-He , Liao Rong-Meng , Hu Zhao-Bo , Li Jian-Rong , Shi Chao , Ye Hen-Yun
Published: April 2022

A one-dimensional inorganic organic hybrid niobium oxyfluoride undergoes a reversible phase transition and exhibits a switchable dielectric behavior.
Hydrated metal ions as weak Brønsted acids show promoting effects on proton conduction
Authors: Huang Xia-Lu , Chen Yi-Qing , Wen Ge-Hua , Bao Song-Song , Zheng Li-Min
Published: April 2022

The proton conductivity of a single crystal of Co–Co phosphonate along the c axis is 1.5 times higher than that of isostructural Ni–Co phosphonate, originating from the slight pKa difference of water molecules coordinated to Co2+ or Ni2+ centers.
OSDA-free and steam-assisted synthesis of PHI type zeolite showing a unique CO2 adsorption behaviour
Authors: Higuchi Yuto , Miyagawa Sana , Tanaka Shunsuke
Published: April 2022

A green synthesis of PHI zeolite was achieved by OSDA-free steam-assisted interzeolite conversion from FAU. K+-, Rb+-, and Cs+-PHI zeolites exhibit sigmoid CO2 adsorption isotherms in which the sharp increase shifts depending on the cation radius.
Progress in understanding crystallisation: a personal perspective
Authors: Price Sarah L.
Published: April 2022

A personal impression of the progress that has been made towards appreciating the complexity of crystallisation over the past forty years, to put this Faraday Discussion in context.
Surface modified porous silicon with chitosan coating as a pH-responsive controlled delivery system for lutein
Authors: Li Weiwei , Liu Di , Song Laicui , Li Hao , Dai Shijie , Su Ya , Li Qianjin , Li Jianlin , Zheng Tiesong
Published: April 2022

Surface modified pH-responsive porous silicon (PSi) carriers were developed for efficient delivery of lutein.
Catalyst- and solvent-free aminolysis of the asymmetric derivatives of Evans’ chiral N-acyloxazolidinones: enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides and its applications
Authors: Lu Hui-Rong , Geng Hui , Ding Guan-Tian , Huang Pei-Qiang
Published: April 2022

We report a convenient method for the aminolysis of N-acyloxazolidinone-derived asymmetric products and the direct conversion of the resulting secondary amides into diverse classes of compounds.
Biaxial pseudorotaxane secondary assembly for phosphorescent cellular imaging
Authors: Liu Yao-Hua , Tang Mian , Zhou Xiaolu , Liu Yu
Published: April 2022

A biaxial pseudorotaxane-based supramolecular optical probe responded to pH and glutathione.
Modifying the magnetic response of magnetotactic bacteria: incorporation of Gd and Tb ions into the magnetosome structure
Authors: Jefremovas E. M. , Gandarias L. , Marcano L. , Gacía-Prieto A. , Orue I. , Muela A. , Fdez-Gubieda M. L. , Barquín L. Fernández , Alonso J.
Published: April 2022

Gd and Tb-ions incorporated into the magnetosome structure modify the magnetic properties of magnetotactic bacteria. The modification gets particularly remarkable by the dramatic reduction of the uniaxial (and magnetocrystalline) anisotropy terms below the Verwey transition.
Reactivity of multi-arm polyols towards isocyanates
Authors: Vadkerti Bence , Juhász Anett , Lakatos Csilla , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor , Nagy Lajos
Published: April 2022

In this research, the kinetics of the reaction of various polymer polyol crosslinking agents with phenyl isocyanate is reported.
Chemical synthesis in competition with global genome mining and heterologous expression for the preparation of dimeric tryptophan-derived 2,5-dioxopiperazines
Authors: García-Domínguez Patricia , Areal Andrea , Alvarez Rosana , de Lera Angel R.
Published: April 2022

Natural products chemists addressing global genome mining and heterologous expression, purification and structural determination, and the synthetic campaigns conspire to generate dimeric tryptophan-derived dioxopiperazines.
Precisely NIR-II-activated and pH-responsive cascade catalytic nanoreactor for controlled drug release and self-enhanced synergetic therapy
Authors: Hu Peng , Zhao Shuang , Shi Jiahua , Li Fan , Wang Shaochen , Gan Ying , Liu Lei , Yu Shuling
Published: April 2022

Efficient NIR-II laser and pH-responsive cascade catalytic nanoplatform (HMPDA@Cu2−xSe-DOX-GOx@PCM) for controlled drug release and self-enhanced synergetic therapy.
Indium silicate with an imandrite-type structure
Authors: Ferdov Stanislav , Shivachev Boris , Titorenkova Rositsa , Petrova Nadia , Tarassov Mihail , Nikolova Rositsa
Published: April 2022

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel zeolite-like indium silicate MS-2 (Minho-Sofia, solid number 2).
Bimetallic CoCu-ZIF material for efficient visible light photocatalytic fuel denitrification
Authors: Lu Yi , Pan Haibo , Lai Jiafeng , Xia Yuzhou , Chen Lu , Liang Ruowen , Yan Guiyang , Huang Renkung
Published: April 2022

Effective design of photocatalysts is an effective method to improve the separation of photogenerated carriers, which improves the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts.
NiCo2O4 thin film prepared by electrochemical deposition as a hole-transport layer for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Sen , Wang Linqin , Liu Chang , Shan Yu , Li Fusheng , Sun Licheng
Published: April 2022

An electrochemical deposition approach was developed to prepare a NiCo2O4 hole transport layer for inverted perovskite solar cells.
Facile synthesis of amidesviaacceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of aryl epoxides and amines
Authors: Liang Yaoyu , Luo Jie , Milstein David
Published: April 2022

We report the ruthenium pincer complex catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of epoxides and amines to form amides. The reaction offers a facile and atom economical two-step strategy for transforming alkenes into amides.
MoWS2 nanosheets incorporated nanocarbons for high-energy-density pseudocapacitive negatrode material and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , Shaikh Monirul , Ghosh Saurabh , Late Dattatray J. , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: April 2022

TOC figure illustrates the hydorgen evolution and charge storage mechanism of MoWS2 electrocatalyst/electrode.
Rapid area deactivation for blocking atomic layer deposition processes using polystyrene brush layers
Authors: McFeely Caitlin , Snelgrove Matthew , Shiel Kyle , Hughes Gregory , Yadav Pravind , Lundy Ross , Morris Michael A. , McGlynn Enda , O’Connor Robert
Published: April 2022

This work illustrates the use of polystyrene brushes for area selective deactivation against a hafnium atomic layer deposition process. The effect that the thickness of this brush has on its ability to block this process is also shown.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech Among Children With Autism: Narrative Review and Clinical Recommendations
Authors: Beiting Molly
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low verbal ability is a largely neglected area of study. Existing research focuses on language abilities; however, a subset of children with ASD also has speech sound disorders (SSDs). The purpose of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations to guide speech assessment and treatment among children with ASD, low verbal ability, and suspected childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).

Method:

Multifaceted search procedures were used to identify studies that have assessed or treated speech sound production among children with ASD. A narrative review and synthesis of the literature is followed by practical clinical recommendations based on best available evidence.

Conclusions:

It is critically important to consider all possible hindrances to the development of functional communication ability for children with ASD. Speech sound production has been identified as a key predictor of expressive language outcomes, yet there are very few studies that address assessment and treatment of SSDs among children with ASD. Less is known about the presentation of CAS among children with ASD and low verbal ability. More research is needed to determine whether existing speech assessment and treatment methods are appropriate for children with ASD, if modifications are needed, or if new methods should be designed.
A simplified model of Type‐4 wind turbine for short‐circuit currents simulation analysis
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Wen Minghao , Chen Yu
Published: April 2022

The electromagnetic transient (EMT) model of Type 4 wind turbine generator (WTG) requires a small simulation step, and cannot be simplified based on Thevenin‐Norton theorem, which results in the low simulation efficiency of large‐scale Type 4 WTG‐based wind power plants (WPPs) widely connected to the power grid, bringing challenges to the short‐circuit currents analysis in the research of protection. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of low simulation efficiency, a simplified model of Type 4 WTG is proposed based on the principle of internal active power balance of Type 4 WTG. The simplified model is represented by controlled voltage source, which eliminates the power electronic switch and DC‐link, greatly simplifies the typical EMT model of Type 4 WTG, and does not require small simulation step. The simplified model has simple modelling process and high universality of modelling method. The simulation results show that the proposed model can accurately reflect the EMT characteristics of Type 4 WTG under fault. Compared with the typical EMT model, the simulation time of this simplified model is significantly reduced, and the EMT simulation efficiency of the power grid connecting with large‐scale Type 4 WTG‐based WPPs has been effectively improved.
Parameters design of voltage sharing components for the series multi‐break mechanical switch
Authors: Huang Daochun , Wang Huaqing , Quan Wanlin , Chen Xin , Shuang Mingjing , Li Huipeng
Published: April 2022

Series multi‐break mechanical switch is one of the critical components of high‐voltage hybrid DC circuit breakers. However, due to the existence of distributed capacitance, the voltage distribution between the breaks is not balanced. This paper proposed a voltage sharing configuration method of the mechanical switch of hybrid DC circuit breaker, and carried out the static DC voltage and the transient voltage distribution characteristics tests to verify its effectiveness. Considering the influence of whole structure of the circuit breaker, this paper established the electrostatic field model and circuit simulation model of a typical ±535‐kV hybrid DC circuit breaker. And it analyzed the influence of single break's opening fault, breaking open distance, and the shielding fitting on the voltage distribution characteristics of series six break mechanical switch. According to the simulation results based on the Zhangbei voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage direct current project type test parameters, the parameters design of the voltage sharing components of the mechanical switch are obtained, which can meet the voltage sharing coefficient requirement of 95%.
The polarisation of auroral emissions: A tracer of the E region ionospheric currents
Authors: Bosse Léo , Lilensten Jean , Johnsen Magnar G. , Gillet Nicolas , Rochat Sylvain , Delboulbé Alain , Curaba Stephane , Ogawa Yasunobu , Derverchère Philippe , Vauclair Sébastien
Published: April 2022

It is now established that auroral emissions as measured from the ground are polarised. The question of the information given by this polarisation is still to be explored. This article shows the results of a coordinated campaign between an optical polarimeter and several ground-based instruments, including magnetometers, the EISCAT VHF radar, and complementary luminance meters in the visible domain (Ninox). We show that in the E region, the polarisation is a potential indicator of the ionospheric currents, velocity, and dynamics.
Enquête de besoins en éducation thérapeutique de parents d’enfants ayant un diabète : opinions croisées
Authors: Fernique Elsa , Choleau Carine , Girard Pauline , De Kerdanet Marc
Published: April 2022

Introduction : L’éducation thérapeutique est l’un des axes de l’accompagnement médical des enfants ayant un diabète de type 1. But : L’objectif de ce travail est d’appréhender les besoins en éducation thérapeutique de leurs parents en confrontant les points de vue de parents et de soignants. Méthodes : Quatre entretiens en focus group de parents et six de soignants ont permis d’interroger les difficultés des parents liées au diabète de leur enfant, et les aides perçues comme efficaces. Résultats : Les parents rencontrent des difficultés dans leur rôle de soignant au quotidien, dans la relation parent-enfant au sein de la famille, dans leur relation aux autres (école, famille, amis, soignants) jusqu’à des répercussions sur leur bien-être psychologique. Les soignants analysent différemment certaines difficultés et sous-estiment la souffrance de voir son enfant subir des soins pénibles, ainsi que l’ignorance et les peurs des autres personnes. L’éducation thérapeutique et l’échange entre pairs sont perçus comme une réponse pertinente à ces difficultés. Leur réalisation dans des séjours médico-éducatifs est l’occasion pour les soignants de mieux connaître le quotidien des parents et d’orienter leur pratique. Conclusion : Le croisement des points de vue a permis la réalisation d’un schéma des aptitudes parentales qui nous semble un outil intéressant en éducation thérapeutique.
Another treatment option for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Interventional arterial infusion of FOLFOX chemotherapy from the FOHAIC-1 study
Authors: Lyu Ning , Zhao Ming
Published: April 2022

Advanced stage primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than half of all cases worldwide. Poor prognosis is mainly attributed to intrahepatic tumor burden caused by high-risk factors, including Vp4-portal vein tumor thrombosis or tumor occupancy of >50% of the liver. In 2020, the combination of a VEGF/PD-L1 blocker was superior to a single tyrosine kinase inhibitor and associated with a median overall survival of 19.2 months. However, overall survival dramatically declined from 19.2 months to 7.6 months for patients with high-risk factors. In this present study, the FOHAIC-1 trial, interventional hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy of FOLFOX (HAIC-FO) showed favorable survival outcomes in patients with high-risk advanced HCC. Compared with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the high-risk subgroup, HAIC-FO achieved an overall survival of 10.8 months (vs. 5.7 months, hazard ratio 0.343, 95% confidence interval, 0.219–0.538). This study also observed disease downstaging in 16 (16/130) patients who received HAIC-FO; 15 (93.8%) patients received curative or regional treatments afterward. Therefore, for advanced HCC with localized high-risk factors, the clinical efficacy of HAIC-FO is significant and may be a better option than systemic therapies.
Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Tumors of the Cheek: Water Mouth Distension Technique
Authors: Chammas Maria Cristina , Takahashi Marcelo Straus , Moyses Raquel Ajub , Pompeia Celine , Tavares Marcos Roberto , Cerri Giovanni Guido
Published: April 2022

Purpose To describe a new B-mode ultrasound examination technique to assess cheek tumors.

Materials and Methods 30 cheek oral cavity lesions of different histological types (11 benign and 19 malignant) from 23 patients (11 women and 12 men, 7–82 years old, mean age of 49.5 years) were analyzed. Transcutaneous oral B-mode ultrasound (5–12 MHz transducer) was carried out in two stages. Initially it was performed conventionally with an empty mouth. Next, the patient was asked to keep their oral cavity filled with water (like when using a mouthwash) during imaging for the new test examination technique. The anatomical layers of this region and the characteristics of the tumors were evaluated. Lesions were classified as ill defined, partially defined, or defined. Conventional findings were compared to those of the new technique using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ultrasound results were compared to histological findings analyzed by an independent team.

Results The conventional empty mouth technique was able to confidently define lesion extension in only 6 of the 30 lesions, while the water-filled mouth technique was able to confidently define lesion extension in 29 of the 30 lesions (p<0.00001).

Conclusion We present a novel technique that dramatically improves ultrasound staging of cheek oral cavity tumors. In addition to the increase in ultrasound accuracy, this technique does not require any special equipment or extra cost, is very well tolerated by patients, and thus should be considered in the evaluation of every patient undergoing transcutaneous cheek ultrasound for oral cavity lesion characterization.
Viel Aufwand für nichts – oder: Hat Phytotherapie
überhaupt eine Chance in den Leitlinien?
Authors: Uehleke Bernhard
Published: April 2022

Manche mögen sich an der zaghaften Nennung einzelner Heilpflanzen in
Leitlinien erfreuen – aber die Frage muss gestellt werden: Reicht das und
gibt es überhaupt eine Zukunft der Phytotherapie in einer
leitliniengeprägten Medizin? In diesem Heft geht es um Onkologie und um die
im letzten September erschienene „S3-Leitlinie Komplementärmedizin
in der Behandlung von onkologischen PatientInnen“. Diese Leitlinie ist ein
größeres Opus mit 600 Seiten. Wenige werden sie komplett lesen. Beim
ersten Durchblättern fallen gleich Ungereimtheiten auf.
VEGF-A in Serum and Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) Eye Drops
Authors: Sanak Frantisek , Baenninger Philipp , Iselin Katja , Kaufmann Claude , Bachmann Lucas , Buhl Daniela , Thiel Michael
Published: April 2022

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, the most abundant subtype of the VEGF family in the eye, plays an important role in corneal homeostasis due to its ability to
mediate corneal nerve repair. Repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were shown to significantly reduce corneal nerve density, which might negatively affect corneal homeostasis and lead
to a neuropathic dry eye disease. Currently, there are two effective modalities to treat dry eye while supplying VEGF to the ocular surface: serum eye drops (SED) and eye drops manufactured
from plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). The purpose of this study was to measure the VEGF-A concentration in SED and PRGF eye drops.

Material and Methods Ten healthy volunteers donated blood on two separate occasions, 2 – 8 days apart. Thus, a total of 20 blood samples were processed to obtain both SED and PRGF.
Concentrations of VEGF-A were quantified by a Simple Plex platform run in triplicate.

Results The VEGF-A concentration in SED and PRGF was very similar between the two blood samples drawn from one individual donor but showed substantial interindividual variability.
However, in all 20 samples, VEGF concentrations were substantially higher in SED samples (mean 238.7 ± 146.6 pg/mL) compared to PRGF samples (mean 67.4 ± 46.3 pg/mL). Based upon the analysis
of variance (ANOVA) model for the measured concentrations with fixed effects for specimen (SED vs. PRGF) and subject, the mean difference between the SED and PRGF concentration was
168.1 pg/mL (95% confidence interval: [142.4, 193.9], p < 0.001).

Conclusion Our study showed that the VEGF concentration was higher in SED than in PRGF. This is an important finding, particularly for potential treatment of dry eye disease in
patients with neuropathic eye disease, especially in patients that received repeated anti-VEGF intravitreal injections, or in patients with Sjögrenʼs disease, where the level of VEGF in
tears might be pathologically decreased. Hypothetically, VEGF might be needed to restore ocular surface homeostasis. Although growing evidence has shown that VEGF-A plays an important role
in corneal homeostasis, only a randomized prospective clinical trial will show whether supplying VEGF-A to the ocular surface might successfully restore the corneal homeostasis and overcome
the problem of corneal neuropathy in these patients. For such a trial, based on our results, an undiluted SED should be preferred over a PRGF due to the higher content of VEGF-A.
Six Cases of Retinal Vascular Anomalies after Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Series
Authors: Tsiropoulos Georgios N. , Castro Daniela Gallo , Ambresin Aude
Published: April 2022

Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its rapid spread has resulted in unexplored clinical ophthalmological manifestations. This report aims to describe a
series of retinal vascular anomalies diagnosed with the use of fluorescein angiography, following contraction of COVID-19.

History and Signs Symptoms reported by patients were central scotoma (one case), inferior scotoma (one case), and a sensation of mild loss of vision during the COVID-19 follow-up
(four cases). Best-corrected visual acuity was preserved in all patients, apart from one, who had a visual acuity of 0.4, decimal scale (6/15, Snellen) in the left eye.

Therapy and Outcome Clinical manifestations included bilateral retinal vasculitis (two cases), branch retinal vein occlusion (one case), branch retinal artery occlusion (one case),
hemi-central retinal vein occlusion (one case), and optic disc edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (one case) occurring 0 – 8 months after COVID-19 contraction. Serological testing
was performed in every patient to exclude any other recognized cause of retinal vascular occlusion and inflammation and to confirm immunity against the novel coronavirus. None of the
patients required any ocular treatment.

Conclusions Arterial and venous occlusive as well as inflammatory retinal vascular pathologies can occur both during and after the acute phase of COVID-19 as manifestations of ocular
long-term effects of COVID-19 and should be included in the differential diagnosis of retinal occlusive pathologies. This case series suggests that careful investigations, including
fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography, should be required in patients with visual complaints, both in the acute and long-term follow-up of COVID-19.
Effect of Protective Measures on the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Eye Clinic Staff Members
Authors: Sanak Frantisek , Faes Livia , Eppenberger Leila , Baenninger Philipp , Kaufmann Claude , Golla Kathrin , Bachmann Lucas , Buhl Daniela , Schmid Martin K. , Thiel Michael
Published: April 2022

Background Switzerland was strongly affected by the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that resulted in a nationwide lockdown in March 2020.
Ophthalmologists were at most risk of contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their close working distance from patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the overall effectiveness of
protective measures on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees in a large public eye hospital.

Material and Methods After lifting the lockdown in April 2020, standard precaution measures were taken, such as no handshaking and the use of operating face masks and a protective
plastic shield on slit lamps and diagnostic devices. Only patients with no signs of SARS-CoV-2 disease were seen during the study period. Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were
measured in eye clinic employees at the end of April 2020 (1st test phase) and in January 2021 (2nd test phase). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers among employees with daily
patient contact was compared to staff members with no patient contact.

Results The SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in employees with daily patient contact, with 0% in the 1st phase and 7.4% in the 2nd phase, was not significantly higher than the prevalence in the
control group with no patient contact (0.9% in the 1st phase, p = 0.4; and 8.6% in the 2nd phase, p = 0.8). Furthermore, physicians were not at a significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2
infection compared to technicians, nurses, or office staff.

Conclusions This study shows that the abovementioned precaution measurements are effective in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in eye hospitals and enable us to resume
practicing ophthalmology in a safe manner.
Extra-Nodal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma with Unusual Morphological Features and PDL1 Expression
Authors: Ranade Manali , Shah Aekta , Yadav Subhash , Menon Santosh , Gupta Sudeep
Published: April 2022

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma, a rare tumor of FDCs, poses a diagnostic challenge due to its myriad morphologic and architectural patterns. We present a unique case of extra-nodal FDC sarcoma occurring in a 28-year-old gentleman who presented with multiple pelvic, peritoneal and retroperitoneal soft tissue, and axial skeletal lesions. The tumor was composed of islands and trabeculae of epithelioid cells with interspersed lymphocytes against a background of abundant myxoid matrix. On immunohistochemistry, in addition to the CD21, the tumor was positive for GATA3, inhibin, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1), which have been rarely reported previously in FDC sarcoma. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor and was later offered immunotherapy. He has been disease-free for 2 years following immunotherapy. Our case highlights the potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating FDC sarcoma, which show immuno-expression of PDL1.
Association of Anthropometric and Body Adiposity Measures with Thyroid Dysfunction in Clinical Settings of Manipur, Northeast India
Authors: Baite Kh Dimkhohoi , Lukram Ajit , Baite Jamkhoupum , Meitei Sanjenbam Yaiphaba
Published: April 2022

Objective This study aimed to understand the association of anthropometric and body adiposity measures with thyroid dysfunction in clinical settings of Manipur, Northeast India.

Materials and Methods The study included 160 Meitei and 152 Thadou-Kuki thyroid dysfunction patients undergoing treatment under medical specialists. Anthropometric data and related adiposity measures were collected along with the medical data.

Results Hypothyroid represents 70.83% and hyperthyroid 29.17% of the total samples included in the study. The incidence of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid, irrespective of ethnic groups, is higher among females (87.49%) than males (12.49%). Hypothyroid individuals are significantly heavier and have higher adiposity measures than hyperthyroid, which is more significantly observed among the Thadou Kuki. Significantly higher waist circumference and weight to height ratio among the hypothyroid patients put the notion of adiposity deposition, apart from just water retention. Ethnic variation in the association reflects socioeconomic intervention in the management of thyroid problems.

Conclusion In conclusion, proper dietary intake or supplements in the course of thyroid dysfunction treatment are important as they can complicate thyroid dysfunction patients with other associated comorbidities.
Online activism and redress for institutional child abuse: function and rhetoric in survivor advocacy group tweets
Authors: Henry Alasdair , Wright Katie , Moran Anthony
Published: April 2022

In Australia, survivor advocacy groups have been closely engaged with the emergence and development of policy and redress responses to institutional child abuse. Their activities and influence in this respect have been under-researched. This study focuses on the use of Twitter, a tool increasingly employed by activist groups in their lobbying repertoires. Using content and thematic analysis, tweets of 15 non-survivor led advocacy groups, and one survivor-led organisation—Care Leavers Australasia Network (CLAN)—referring to ‘redress’ were analysed for rhetorical content (via Aristotle’s traditional framework of ethos, pathos, and logos) and communication purposes using three broad functional areas defined by Lovejoy and Saxton (2012). In keeping with Lovejoy and Saxton’s (2012) framework, the results found that for both non-survivor led advocacy groups and CLAN the primary function of their use of Twitter was to convey information to audiences. However, the integrated use of the rhetoric framework with the function framework revealed markedly different lobbying styles between the non-survivor led advocacy groups and CLAN with the latter pursuing a more confrontational and direct style of lobbying in communications. CLAN also overwhelmingly pursued emotion-focussed rhetoric in lobbying communications.
Investigation of active flow control of jet deflection rate in passive secondary flow thrust vectoring nozzle
Authors: Chi Shaoqing , Gu Yunsong , Zhou Yuhang , Zhou Long
Published: April 2022

Jet deflection rate is an essential index in the research of thrust vector control technology. The vectoring deflection of the jet is an unsteady flow. In this study, a pulse jet actuator with adjustable frequency was used to control the flow field of the thrust vectoring nozzle. The experimental results show that the unsteady pulse jet with the same characteristic frequency as the separated bubble structure can effectively deflect and adhere to the wall. The deflection rate of the main jet is susceptible to the pulse frequency of the pulse jet, and the flow field can reach the optimal deflection rate only under the unsteady excitation of a specific frequency. The transient flow field results show that the vortex shedding frequency of the flow field can be effectively destroyed by the unsteady excitation of a specific frequency and can evenly distribute the Coanda wall pressure of the vectoring nozzle. This flow phenomenon can increase the pressure difference of the passive secondary flow, accelerate the deflection rate of the main jet, and reduce the deflection hysteresis caused by the separation bubble structure. In this study, the wall deflection rate of the thrust vectoring jet was studied by the active flow control of the unsteady pulsed jet.
The model of particles modes. II. Transition to a fishbone-like state triggered by global synchronization and energetic particles
Authors: Ghizzo A. , Del Sarto D.
Published: April 2022

The interplay between kinetic aspects induced by energetic particles on turbulence is analyzed with a simplified model of ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas. These topics are presented within an unified Hamiltonian framework in light of a new approach based on global phase synchronization between trapped particle modes and energetic particle modes. Numerical experiments have been carried out to elucidate concepts and physical processes of transition to a fishbone-like state triggered by energetic particles.
Record >10 MV/cm mesa breakdown fields in Al0.85Ga0.15N/Al0.6Ga0.4N high electron mobility transistors on native AlN substrates
Authors: Khachariya Dolar , Mita Seiji , Reddy Pramod , Dangi Saroj , Dycus J. Houston , Bagheri Pegah , Breckenridge M. Hayden , Sengupta Rohan , Rathkanthiwar Shashwat , Kirste Ronny , Kohn Erhard , Sitar Zlatko , Collazo Ramón , Pavlidis Spyridon
Published: April 2022

The ultra-wide bandgap of Al-rich AlGaN is expected to support a significantly larger breakdown field compared to GaN, but the reported performance thus far has been limited by the use of foreign substrates. In this Letter, the material and electrical properties of Al0.85Ga0.15N/Al0.6Ga0.4N high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) grown on a 2-in. single crystal AlN substrate are investigated, and it is demonstrated that native AlN substrates unlock the potential for Al-rich AlGaN to sustain large fields in such devices. We further study how Ohmic contacts made directly to a Si-doped channel layer reduce the knee voltage and increase the output current density. High-quality AlGaN growth is confirmed via scanning transmission electron microscopy, which also reveals the absence of metal penetration at the Ohmic contact interface and is in contrast to established GaN HEMT technology. Two-terminal mesa breakdown characteristics with 1.3 μm separation possess a record-high breakdown field strength of ∼11.5 MV/cm for an undoped Al0.6Ga0.4N-channel layer. The breakdown voltages for three-terminal devices measured with gate-drain distances of 4 and 9 μm are 850 and 1500 V, respectively.
Perovskite solar cells by vapor deposition based and assisted methods
Authors: Jiang Yan , He Sisi , Qiu Longbin , Zhao Yixin , Qi Yabing
Published: April 2022

Metal halide perovskite solar cells have made significant breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency and operational stability in the last decade, thanks to the advancement of perovskite deposition methods. Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and deliver record efficiencies. On the other hand, vapor deposition-based and assisted methods were less studied in the early years but have received more attention recently due to their great potential toward large-area solar module manufacturing and high batch-to-batch reproducibility. In addition, an in-depth understanding of perovskite crystallization kinetics during the vapor deposition based and assisted process allows increasing perovskite deposition rate and enhancing perovskite quality. In this review, the advances in vapor-based and assisted methods for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells are introduced. The quality of the perovskite layers (i.e., morphology, crystallinity, defect chemistry, carrier lifetime) fabricated by different methods is compared. The limitations of state-of-the-art vapor-deposited perovskite layers are discussed. Finally, insights into the engineering of vapor deposition based and assisted perovskite layers toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells and modules are provided.
Utilisation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in the Australian general practice setting: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Chidwick Kendal , Pollack Allan , Busingye Doreen , Norman Sarah , Grulich Andrew , Bavinton Benjamin , Guy Rebecca , Medland Nick
Published: April 2022

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) became available through the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) on 1 April 2018 for HIV infection prevention in patients ≥18 years at medium-to-high HIV risk. The aims were to investigate PrEP utilisation in general practice since PBS listing, and factors associated with discontinuation. Methods This longitudinal study included patients aged 18–74 years attending general practices participating in MedicineInsight, a large-scale national primary care database of deidentified electronic health records, between October 2017 and September 2019. Results PrEP utilisation increased 10-fold following PBS listing. On average, patients had 9.7 PrEP prescriptions per year; a medication possession ratio of 80.8%. Of 1552 patients prescribed PrEP from April 2018, most were male (98.3%), aged 18–39 years (59.3%), resided in major cities (86.7%) and in the two most socioeconomically advantaged quintiles (70.0%). Almost half (49.1%) of the patients were identified as new to PrEP. At study end, 65.1% were on active PrEP (16.5%, of whom had non-continuous use), 19.2% had discontinued PrEP and 15.7% were lost to follow up. Patients who discontinued were more likely to attend low rather than high PrEP caseload practices (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.8; P = 0.047). The odds of non-continuous therapy was 2.9-fold higher in patients with bipolar disorder (aOR 2.89; 95% CI: 1.10–7.6; P = 0.045). Conclusions Following PBS listing, PrEP utilisation increased and stopping therapy was associated with attending low caseload practices. General practice education, particularly among low caseload practices, could help address these disparities.
Copying form without content
Authors: Pakendorf Brigitte
Published: April 2022

Two major types of change are generally distinguished in language contact studies: the transfer of linguistic form (frequently taken to include transfer of concomitant meaning or function) and the transfer of structural and semantic patterns by themselves, without attendant form. A type of change that is less frequently discussed is so-called relexification. This involves the transfer of form without model-language semantic or syntactic specifications that is grafted onto an equivalent recipient-language lemma. Relexification has been suggested to play a role in the development of mixed languages or creoles, but as is shown here, it can also be identified in several ordinary situations of language contact from around the world. This type of change represents a mirror image of the transfer of patterns without lexical material and supports recent models of language selection in bilinguals.
Aphanomyces euteiches (Aphanomyces root rot).
Authors:   UK, CABI
Published: April 2022

A. euteiches can cause considerable yield losses especially in the production of processing peas. Overall yearly losses of 10% are reported from the USA (Hagedorn, 1984) and in the European parts of the former USSR, losses can amount to 50% or more (Tsvetkova and Kotova, 1982). Infection of a pea crop causes uneven maturation, inferior pea quality and the crop may not even be harvested. The losses caused by A. euteiches-infected snap bean grown without rotation can be severe after 2 years in irrigated conditions (Pfender and Hagedorn, 1982). Lucerne grown in wet conditions can suffer from Aphanomyces root rot with subsequent losses in forage yield (Wiersma et al., 1997). In permanent pastures of subterranean clover, A. euteiches causes a decline in forage production (Greenhalgh et al., 1985).
Subpulse Drifting of PSR J1110–5637
Authors: Dang S. J. , Shang L. H. , Lin L. , Zhi Q. J. , Zhao R. S. , Wu C. B. , You Z. Y. , Dong A. J. , Bai J. T. , Xu X. , Zhang D. D. , Yang H. , Lin Q. W.
Published: April 2022

We report a detailed study of polarization characteristics and subpulse drifting in PSR J1110−5637 with the observations of the Parkes 64 m radio telescope at 1369 MHz. The observations revealed that the trailing component of the pulse profile has obvious subpulse drifting, while the leading component has no subpulse drifting. Using the two-dimensional fluctuation spectrum (2DFS), we detected three distinct emission modes in the trailing component (modes A, B and C). The emission in mode A is chaotic and indistinguishable, while modes B and C have obvious subpulse drifting. The vertical modulation periods P3 of modes B and C are around the mean values of 12 P and 8 P, respectively. The subpulse drifting of PSR J1110−5637 will expand the pulsar sample with multiple subpulse drifting rates, and this will help future systematic studies on the physical origin of the subpulse drifting phenomenon.