bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROCONTROLLER BASED HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) MONITORING IN BIOGAS SYSTEM
Authors: Yuniarti Diah , - Sarjiya , Pertiwiningrum Ambar
Published: November 2022

Energy issue, particularly related to fossil fuel, is one the main issues today. Biogas is a new and renewable energy issued in National Research Agenda (ARN) 2010-2014 to overcome the energy crisis problem. A so called purification process is used to remove contaminants in biogas, including H2S in order to improve the standard requirement of biogas application. In this research, H2S concentration in biogas system is measured and monitored by H2S monitoring system.The hardware system comprises of piping and microcontroller AVR 8535 systems while the software system comprises of codes written in Delphi 7.0 and Code Vision AVR Eval. The result of the system is displayed on LCD or computer to enable the monitoring process by operator. The monitoring of H2S sensor responses will be carried out for recycled BFA size of 60+100 mesh and -200 mesh.Experiment has been conducted for sensor warming up time and response time for H2S and CH4 sensor, calibration process for H2S sensor and filter column. Based on sensor calibration experiment, transfer function of TGS825 sensor from calibration is y = 0.0203x + 27.153. The best adsorption model which represents BFA adsorption of biogas from tofu waste in the research is Thomas model.
PREDICTION OF WELL BEHAVIOR USING WELL DELIVERABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Asmorowati Dewi , Wildan M. Waziz , - Khasani
Published: November 2022

In operating geothermal field, the thing to note is the sustainable production as well as problems that affect it. The problem that often occurs in the geothermal field is scale, corrosion and mechanical problems. One technique that can be used to predict the problems that occur around the bottom hole to the surface is using the well deliverability analysis method. Analysis is done by data and curve interpretation of deliverability curve based on Grant experiment. This study take data from several wells in two Geothermal Field in Indonesia. From the analysis, well A, D and F show production decline The deliverability curve of well A shows the production decline for about 60 – 85%, it is caused by moving of the flashing point, it shows from the increasing of dryness value from 7-14% in 1997 become 13-15% in 2010. The deliverability curve of well D shows the production decline for about 50%, it is caused by declining of reservoir pressure that can be seen from the decreasing  of feed zone pressure in 1997 is 27 bar and in 2010 is 20 bar. The deliverability curve of well F shows the production decline for about 29%, it is caused by moving  of the flashing point.
COMPARISON OF ABILITY PO4 AND NH3 DECREASE IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER USING PHYTOREMEDIATION BATCH WITH EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES AND AZOLLA PINATA
Authors: W AM Lelie Novia , Wilopo Wahyu , Prasetya Agus
Published: November 2022

Hospital operations have the potential to produce waste, especially wastewater, which can cause environmental pollution. Therefore it is necessary to control the disposal of liquid waste that is discharged into the environment. It is required to reduce the pollution of wastewater management is excellent and appropriate legislation. Research methodology starts from the data observed laboratory test results for samples of hospital wastewater. From these data, it is known that the levels of phosphate and ammonia still do not meet quality standards following the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 58 of 1995 regarding effluent standards for hospitals. Further research is limited only focused on decreased levels of phosphate and ammonia in hospital wastewater.Data research includes a phosphate concentration of outlets as a pilot study. The subsequent wastewater will be divided into seven-bath, three-bath containing wastewater and water hyacinth plants with a density different in each basin ie density of 60 mg/cm2, 90 mg/cm2, and 120 mg/cm2, three baths containing hospital wastewater and Azolla plant density of each tub 60 mg/cm2, 90 mg/cm2, 120 mg/cm2, and the control tanks containing wastewater without a given crop. Based on the results obtained, phosphate levels can meet the fastest quality standards for four days on a tub of hospital wastewater and water hyacinth with a density of 120 mg/cm2 and all of a tub of wastewater hospitals and Azolla. For ammonia takes the fastest four days, this happens in a tub filled with water hospital waste, and water hyacinth with a density of 120 mg/cm2 and the entire tub of wastewater hospitals and Azolla.
SIMULATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR FIRE WATER PIPING NETWORK WITH NEWTON-RAPHSON ITERATION
Authors: Patarru Ari Ariangga Orranius Putra , Waluyo Joko , Masruroh Nur Aini
Published: November 2022

The oil and gas industry is an industry that possesses various risks. The most significant risk in this sector is fire. To support the oil and gas production activities, it is necessary to install permanent and non-permanent fire extinguishers to prevent and deal with fire accidents. The firewater network system has a role in supplying flow rates with a certain pressure to protect the production process in a fire. The flow rate and pressure must be able to preserve the process area. Therefore the performance of firewater network system must be monitored. Over time, the performance degradation of the firewater network system is unavoidable.  This decrease is due to scaling or leak minor at pipe and the decreasing performance of the diesel fire pump.This research aims to create a model of simulation fire water network system using newton-raphson iteration. The simulation model that is formed will be used to vary the flow rate against pressure. Based on iteration show the flow rate at platform 4 is 198.9 m3/h. The discharge variation is carried out to see the pressure on platform 4, the variation of the discharge of 2,000 m3/h gives a pressure of 150.45 psig, the variation of the discharge of 1,500 m3/h gives a pressure of 130.85 psig, and the variation of the discharge of 500 m3/h gives a pressure of 24.26 psig. The results of the discharge variation are used to see the performance of the fire water network system. Performance with a discharge of 2,000 m3/h decreased by 9.74%, and performance with a discharge of 1,000 m3/h decreased by 8.81%.
OPTIMIZATION AND TECHNO ECONOMIC STUDY OF PLASTIC WASTE BENEFICIATION WITH PRODUCTION SIMULATION APPROACH CASE STUDY AT CV. PANDU KENCANA JOMBANG, EAST JAVA
Authors: Putra Mahendra Rian , Hidayat Muslikhin , Wibisono Muhammad Arif
Published: November 2022

The problem of plastic waste is getting more and more worrying day by day. Meanwhile, the industrial demand for plastics is also increasing. So we need a recycling business that can bridge this. Plastic waste in the environment can be decomposed, and the industry fulfills plastic needs at low prices. This study aims to analyze and optimize the business of recycling plastic waste into plastic ore to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the environment and obtain material benefits. The research method used is a case study in a plastic waste processing company with the collection of data needed to determine the formulation of the problem so that a mathematical model of linear equations can be formed, which then, through production simulations, will be obtained optimization. The results are then analyzed with a techno-economic study to determine the feasibility of the business.After optimization of production from simulations based on a mathematical model of linear equations, if the company wants to get maximum profit, then the company must produce PP Black A of 1022.73 kg, PP Black B of 852.27 kg, PP Gray of 625 kg. Meanwhile, PP Gray Jumbo should not be produced. Based on the techno-economic study, the feasibility analysis before optimization was obtained as ROIa=23.40%, ROIb=23.24%, POTa=2.99 years, POTb=3 years, BEP=36.07%, SDP=23.98% LANG=4.1, DCFRR=18.8 %. Then the feasibility analysis after optimization is ROIa=29.88%, ROIb=29.73%, POTa=2.5 years, POTb=2.51 years, BEP=31.03%, SDP=20.63%, LANG=4.1, DCFRR=24.85%.
Local Community Initiative in Tackling Food Desert: Achieving Fair and Sustainable Transformation in South Memphis
Authors: Utama Safiera Nadya Nadya , Saraswati Asri
Published: November 2022

The issue of food desert (difficulty in accessing healthy food at affordable prices) is a phenomenon that has long plagued a number of regions in the United States. Uniquely, this issue has a close relationship with racism because the majority of the population living in food desert areas are its black population, such as the area of South Memphis, which in 2019, was nicknamed “The Hunger Capital of America”. This article aims to understand the design and implementation of solutions to the food desert issue in South Memphis using the lens of local food network and just sustainability concept. This study also aims to analyze how racial and class awareness are integrated into solutions formulated by local communities, considering that the majority of the population living in the food desert area are black and in the lower middle-class group. Related to the sustainable aspect of the just sustainability concept, this study will also evaluate how initiatives such as farmer’s markets and community kitchens in the form of non-commercial practices, can be an effective and sustainable solution to the food desert issue in the long term.
Civil actions for the collection of delinquent taxes and the tax authorities’ duty to reimburse taxpayers for surety bond or bank guarantee expenses when they lose the lawsuit
Authors: Lisboa Julcira Maria de Mello Vianna , Barros Guilherme Paes de
Published: November 2022

This article aims to analyze whether tax authorities should be ordered to reimburse taxpayers for the expenses related to obtaining and maintaining surety bonds or bank guarantees when they lose civil actions for the collection of delinquent taxes. To that end, we looked into court precedents to identify not only the statutory provisions that apply to the subject matter, but mainly how such provisions have been interpreted and enforced by the courts, as well as the legal arguments used by taxpayers and tax authorities alike. The pivotal question in this discussion, as the result of our research showed, is whether or not obtaining such guarantees is optional, and this article seeks to analyze it through a systematic interpretation of positive law, as well as elements of philosophy of law. The conclusion of such analysis is that, although these types of guarantees are optional, tax authorities that lose a civil action for the collection of delinquent taxes must reimburse taxpayers for the expenses related to such guarantees.
Mobile Finger Print Verification and Automatic Log in Platform Using Blockchain
Authors: Banu Dr. Sameena , E Hani Bibi Hajra Umm
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Biometric identification has become increasingly popular in recent years. With the development of cloud computing, database owners are motivated to outsource the large size of biometric data and identification tasks to the cloud to get rid of the expensive storage and computation costs, which however brings potential threats to users’ privacy. In this paper, we propose an efficient and privacy-preserving biometric identification outsourcing scheme. Specifically, the biometric data is encrypted and outsourced using Block Chain. To execute a biometric identification, the database owner encrypts the query data and submits it to the cloud. The Block Chain performs identification operations over the encrypted database and returns the result to the database owner. A thorough security analysis indicates the proposed scheme is secure even if attackers can forge identification requests and collude with the cloud
Image Modification Using Deep Neural Cellular Automata
Authors: Gore Kaushal K. , Kothari Sanskar S. , Kamtalwar Saurav S. , Soman Koustubh P. , Kokate Chinamay U. , Kuldeep Prof. Vayadande
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Art Style Transfer is part of the rapidly growing AI Art community of recent times. Pioneered by Gatys et al, this class of methods makes it possible to convey styles, textures, patterns, and more. to a target image. The expressive masking feature of mainframe vision models such as VGG19 is used as a lossy function. The method of performing this transformation takes many forms, from the original method that directly optimizes the image pixels to more recent forms that form the CNN form to create a generic transport network. The method presented in this article is similar to more recent methods, but takes advantage of a new class of deep learning methods, deep neural automation. This new method provides the ability to convert any image into a target type that, like the CNN method mentioned previously, uses the same automatic data update rules over and over again. This paper contains how to use NCAs to transform images. also contains the Gatys et. al. type style transfer and the other a OpenAI CLIP based version where a prompt can be given to train NCAs to perform that transformation.
Students Placement Prediction System
Authors: Khamkar Pratiksha , Lagad Rutuja , Shinde Priyanka , Londhe Shubhangi , Bhosale Prof. S. S.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Placement of students is one in every of the vital activities in academic establishments. Admission and name of establishments primarily depends on placements. Hence all institutions strive to strengthen placement department. The main objective of this paper is to analyze previous year’s student’s historical data and predict placement possibilities of current students and aids to increase the placement percentage of the institutions. We are not going to consider the placement of students not only by their academic performances but also aptitude, technical and communication skills, and segregating total student placement data into students placed in different streams to identify in which stream placements are more and use that data to predict the next year admission trends. Here we use different machine learning classification algorithms, namely KNearest Neighbors [KNN] algorithm, AdaBoost, Random Forest. These algorithms independently predict the results and we then compare the efficiency of the algorithms, which is based on the dataset. This model helps the position cell at intervals a corporation to spot the potential students and concentrate to and improve their technical and social skills.
Social Media Platforms during Covid-19 and Its Relationship to Online Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Abed Baraa A. M. , Bsharat Tahani R. K.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: During the COVID-19 lockdown period, many educational institutions have shifted their focus from face-to-face instruction to online instruction mainly through social media. In addition, this paper reviewed various Social Media platforms and their relationship to Online Learning during Covid-19. Furthermore, schools, teachers, students, ministries of education, and policymakers already have the experience to deal with unexpected changes. Moreover, most related studies showed that Social Media platforms such as Facebook and its sister services, Messenger, and Instagram positively affect online learning during the Covid-19 crisis.
IoT Based Bomb Diffusing Robot
Authors: Naik Komal , Kore Sneha , Biradar Rutuja
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Diffusing any explosive materials is an extremely dangerous and risky task which needs constant attention and high degree of accuracy. Keeping in view the current law and order situation throughout the world, everyday hundreds of trained bomb diffuser squad members are either injured or lose their lives while defusing bombs. Hence we have come up with the design and prototype of a robot with the help of Embedded and IOT Technology, which will help the bomb diffusing squad members to diffuse the bomb from safer distance without actual human interference at the site thus minimizing the risk of any health hazards/ serious life injury of people present at the site.
Teacher Perceptions on Implementation of the Social Studies Curriculum in Grades 5 and 6 in Elementary Schools
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Bae Hwasoon
Published: November 2022

Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the perceptions of teachers who oversaw social studies classes in 2019—when the 2015 revised curriculum was introduced for grades 5 and 6 in elementary schools—regarding management of the social studies curriculum. Methods The aim of the study was to develop detailed improvement plans for curriculum implementation in terms of teaching, learning, and the evaluation of social studies in grades 5 and 6. To this end, a survey questionnaire was administered to 632 teachers who oversaw social studies classes in grades 5 and 6 in 2019, and interview surveys were conducted with the elementary school teachers who oversaw these grades. Results The key outcomes are as follows. First, many teachers perceived the subject competency presented in the social studies curriculum as appropriate for grades 5 and 6. Second, when examining teacher perceptions regarding the amount and level of social studies content learned in these grades, many felt that the amount of learning related to modern and contemporary history was high for the historical domains studied in the second semester of grade 5. They felt that, overall, the content level for students was also high. Third, teachers expressed that the most difficult aspect of teaching and learning social studies in grades 5 and 6 was excessive learning. Conclusions From the above research results, to enrich management of the social studies curriculum in grades 5 and 6 in elementary schools, we propose providing teaching and learning plans centered on essential content elements, improving elementary school social studies teaching and learning materials, and developing improvement plans for the 2022 revised elementary school social studies curriculum.
An Analysis on the Operation Performance of Alternative Classrooms in Schools
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Eunjeong , Nam Sookyong , Kim Donghyeon , Yoo Jonghoon
Published: November 2022

Objectives In this study, as part of the school interruption prevention policy, the operation status and performance of alternative classes in schools, which have been implemented since 2013, were analyzed and future improvement measures were presented. Methods To this end, first, a system model-based logic model was derived to evaluate the performance of the project, second, the status and status of alternative classes in schools of Gangwon-do Office of Education in 2018-2022, and third, based on the performance analysis model, a survey (32 school managers, 40 teachers) and an interview survey (7 teachers, 5 students). Results As a result of the analysis, more than 50% of the students who participated in the alternative class returned to school, and less than 10% of the students stopped studying, and most of the students did not stop or give up and were emotionally satisfied. Conclusions In addition to improving the perception of school members, it was found that the ultimate operation goal of alternative classes, “the ratio of school maladjusted students to stop studying,” was improved based on student satisfaction and attitude changes. However, as it can be seen that more than 50% of schools have stopped operating their businesses after a year since the first participation in the school, it was confirmed that policy improvement is needed in the direction of continuous management and operation of alternative classes in the school.
A Narrative Inquiry into the Experience of Living as a Full-time Youth Companion
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, LEE JEE IN
Published: November 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to understand the life stories of two research participants and how they live as full-time youth companions, and to explore the meaning of the experience of living as full-time youth companions. Methods For this purpose, this research adopted Narrative Inquiry method of Clandinin and Connelly (2000), which is suitable for holistically understanding the context and complexity of life through experiential stories. Results The meaning revealed through the study of the participants' experiences of living as youth companions was ‘Blooming from a surrogate nest and becoming a surrogate nest’, ‘Learning a language of self-understanding and entering the path of understanding others’, ‘The complexity of life and anguish’, ‘Yesterday and today’s me, identity being reconstructed’. First, the participants experienced being helped through relationships that filled the deficit in the early stages of life, and then they were placed in a position to help the youth client. Second, the participants experienced self-understanding through counseling theory, and this experience led to the path of counseling in the course of career decision or career change. Third, as full-time youth companions, the participants constantly struggled with how to apply counseling to their youth and what kind of relationship they should have with their peer counselors. Fourth, as the participants living the story of the transformation of counseling and relationships at every moment they encountered in the field, identity as full-time youth companion is constantly being reconstructed. Conclusions This study is meaningful to understand the full-time youth companions vividly and integratedly with their life stories, who have different work characteristics from part-timers. In addition, practical discussion points were reviewed regarding the work of full-time youth companions. It is expected that this study will expand the understanding of the life as a full-time youth companion and help the development of youth companion programs and counseling fields.
Comparison between Native and Non-Native English Professors on L2 Writing Assessment: A Study of Assessment Areas and Perceptions of Writer Identity
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Seongyong
Published: November 2022

Objectives This study investigated the similarities and differences in assessing an academic term-paper written by L2 writer between native English-speaking (NES) and Korean professors. It further explored the similarities and differences between NES and Korean evaluators on their perceptions of L2 writer identities. Methods 38 NES and 43 Korean professors rated the term-paper written by a graduate student majoring in applied linguistics according to holistic and analytical scoring methods. The analytical scoring, in particular, included four language areas, such as grammar, vocabulary, content, and organization. A questionnaire was administered to the two groups on their perceptions of author identity. The results from the two groups were compared using the independent t-test, and follow-up interviews were conducted with four NES and four Korean professors to explore the factors of the survey results. Results There was no difference in overall scoring between the two groups. Still, in analytical scoring, the NES professors were strict in organization and content, whereas the Korean professors were strict in grammar. Regarding their perceptions of author identity and their influence on evaluation, NES professors showed more positive attitudes. Concerning the clues of their perceptions, the NES professors' judgment was based on the structure and method of thesis writing. In contrast, the Korean professors recognized the author's identity based on his English proficiency and the breadth of content knowledge. Conclusions The results show that the professors' ratings were influenced by the composition training they previously experienced and their language background. Thus, it suggests that content professors create a rubric suitable for individual courses for appropriate evaluation and share it with their students. It also shows the importance of training students to construct an effective author identity in academic writing.
Exploring scientists’ perceptions of citizen science for public engagement with science
Authors: Collins Stephanie A. , Sullivan Miriam , Bray Heather J.
Published: November 2022

It is often assumed that citizen science is inherently participatory in nature. However, citizen science projects exist along a continuum from data contribution to full co-creation. We invited 19 biologists to explore their conceptions of citizen science. Almost all participants defined citizen science as involving non-scientists in data collection. This definition acted as a barrier for scientists who did not see how citizen science could suit their research objectives. While interviewees perceived many societal and experiential benefits of contributory citizen science, deliberate design is needed to realise the full potential of citizen science for public engagement.
Reformed Prescriptivism: Dictionaries Of Usage
Authors: Dorošenko Jeļena
Published: November 2022

Dictionaries of usage, though popular with the general public in English-speaking countries, often meet with modest acclaim in academic linguistics. The paper reviews standard-setting policies employed by dictionaries of usage over time and explores recent changes in the concept of the standard of usage in practical lexicography, stimulated by the development of large corpora, now commonly used as data sources by general-purpose dictionaries. Differentiation of usage by several levels employed by Longman Guide to English Usage (1989), viewed as one of the landmarks in the history of usage guides, has been analysed. The key terms of its metalanguage relating to parameters of usage were collected from the text of all entries, since Longman Guide employs no labels outside the main text. The resulting list of key terms showed that it followed the trend set by corpus studies and later by grammars and general-purpose dictionaries. It attempted to bridge the gap between dictionaries of usage and requirements of corpus linguistics which insists that the descriptive approach to language should find its way into dictionaries. The analysis of the metalanguage of the dictionary entries and of eight parameters of usage employed by the dictionary reveals that in Longman Guide to English Usage appropriateness substituted correctness in the concept of the standard of usage, thus justifying and legitimising variations within the standard which had been formerly viewed by lexicographers and grammarians as unitary.
Moves in The Introductions of Problem-Solution Essays
Authors: Farneste Monta
Published: November 2022

Structuring of texts is one of the major problems in essay writing for learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). However, there is little research on the distinction between the moves of a genre and the elements of the rhetorical pattern in essay introductions. The goal of this article is to investigate the use of moves and the elements of the problem-solution pattern in the essay introductions written by 35 undergraduate students majoring in English at a university of Latvia. The analysis of the problem-solution essays revealed that the students mainly used a one- or two-move sequence in the essay introductions, and more than half of the students did not provide the thesis statement. The analysis of the elements of the rhetorical pattern demonstrated that the essay introductions contained information about the problem, situation and/or solutions. It has been concluded that the students using the problem-solution rhetorical pattern neglect the moves typical of essay introduction. Thus, an analysis of the rhetorical pattern and generic features of essay introduction may help to determine the text correspondence to the expectancies of academic community.
Personalization and Inclusion in Latvian Advertising as a Result of Multicultural Processes
Authors: Ločmele Gunta
Published: November 2022

This paper examines how multicultural processes contribute to the formation of the features of Latvian advertising language – personalization and inclusion. The imperative mood, the singular and the plural form of the 2nd person pronoun are considered as means of making the advertising message more personal. Strategies for including the audience in translated advertisements are discussed. Understanding of these features is of major importance for Latvian translators who deal with trans-linguistic, trans-market, and trans-cultural transfer of promotional and advertising texts.
Cross-Cultural Pragmatics of Interactional Competence
Authors: Roziņa Gunta
Published: November 2022

Interactional competence involves knowledge of the relation between language forms and the social contexts in which they are applied. The paper aims at focusing on the concept of interactional competence within the framework of cross-cultural pragmatics. The study expresses its author’s belief that non-native language users’ interactional competence to use contextually and situationally appropriate linguistic forms to express the pragmatic intent in question is to be developed at the tertiary level of language studies. The case study was based on the analysis of the speech act of compliment. The research findings indicated that instances of miscommunication resulted from differing beliefs regarding the speech act production and perception. The research has resulted in a conclusion that non-native language learners’ interactional competence can be advanced if the contributions on the speech act theories and an empirical research carried out into the area of the speech act are considered in the developmental process of non-native learners’ interactional competence.
Ibsen’s Rosmersholm: Socio-Political Elements
Authors: Şekerci Ömer
Published: November 2022

The current study, displaying the reflection of political, ethical, psychological and social life of the times in Rosmersholm (1886), one of the middle plays of the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, aims at showing the social and political conditions in Norway in the early nineteenth century and the way how they influenced the behaviour and attitudes of people and the dramatis persona in the play. This paper also makes an effort to shed new light on the significance of Christianity on the social life of the time.
Experiences of Melancholy in Rose Tremain’s Novel Music And Silence
Authors: Taube Aleksejs
Published: November 2022

The current paper shows how the experiences of melancholy are represented in Music and Silence (1999), a postmodernist historical novel by Rose Tremain. Tremain’s novel suggests that the experience of melancholy and the workings of the imagination are interconnected in a variety of ways. It represents the experience of melancholy within the broader context of the relations between the understanding and the imagination as well as between reason and unreason in the first half of the seventeenth century. Tremain’s novel makes a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate about reason and unreason, which is an important part of the postmodernist debate with Enlightenment culture.
Variation in Linguistic Characteristics Between the Types of Computer-Mediated Academic Discourse
Authors: Cigankova Nataļja
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of empirical research investigating the specific linguistic characteristics of the types of Computer-Mediated Academic Discourse (CMAD) – the English language use by language teaching professionals in academic computer-mediated seminars (webinars), synchronous conferences (chats), asynchronous discussion fora, e-mails, weblogs and hypertexts. Six specialised corpora were complied to represent each type of CMAD. Multidimensional analysis of the variance of linguistic features (Biber, 1988) was applied as the main quantitative research method. Considerable differences have been revealed in the use of fifty-five types of linguistic features in the sub-corpora. The results of Scheffé’s test show that there is a significant statistical difference between at least one pair of the mean values on each dimension. This indicates that the studied types of CMAD are rather similar on one dimension but different on another. The author demonstrates that each type of CMAD has specific linguistic characteristics distinguishing it from other types. The findings obtained in the research may be of interest to researchers investigating varieties of computer-mediated language, language educators and other specialists in applied linguistics.
Modality of Lexicographic Discourse in Dictionaries of Usage
Authors: Dorošenko Jeļena
Published: November 2022

Dictionaries are increasingly making use of corpus data or, at least, of secondary sources based on them. This has brought about a revision of the concept of the standard of usage and changes in modality of lexicographic discourse, first in general-purpose explanatory dictionaries and later in dictionaries of usage. The paper analyses Oxford Fowler’s Modern English Usage, registering the markers of frequency in its entries expressing modal meanings other than “statement of fact” for epistemic modality and modal markers expressing deontic modal meanings, taking into account high and low modality in both types. The findings have revealed that the balance is decidedly in favour of epistemic modality, while in both types of modality it is in favour of low modality markers. The data show that some epistemic markers of frequency referring to high probability or likelihood of occurrence have functions opposite to those in academic discourse beyond lexicography, where they are used primarily as hedges. This allows us to conclude that genre (or type of discourse) and context are the decisive factors in establishing the meanings and functions of modality markers.
Regional: a Lost Dimension?
Authors: Duszak Anna
Published: November 2022

Globalization is commonly discussed in terms of how it enforces language and culture monopoly in transnational social structures and practices. It is also linked to deterritorialization of contacts among individuals, groups and institutions. With the exhaustion of the nation-state, the core-periphery metaphor is used to designate new distributions of power. This view obscures, however, the complex, polyphonic and heterogeneous nature of many peripheral contexts. It is argued that the regional element needs revisiting its capacities to serve as an interface between the global and the local (often national). The paper construes regionalism as a valid dimension of language studies in a foreign language macro culture of the Central and Eastern European countries. Some discussion follows the ongoing marketization of universities and technologization of language and translation teaching for the pressing needs of global and local markets. A counter-balanced engagement is proposed. Alongside some flashes of the region’s academic cooperation in the past, an argument is made for the development of Critical Discourse Studies, with a checklist of topics being suggested and profiled on social and linguistic issues sensitive for this region.
Semantic Change in Latvian under the Influence of English
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs
Published: November 2022

The impact of English as a global language upon Latvian has been growing exponentially in the last 20 years. It results not only in traditional borrowing and loans, but affects also the sphere of semantics – native Latvian words and earlier loans modify and change their meanings under the influence of English. Latvian linguistics for about 100 years has preferred to ignore or condone semantic change, though it has always been rife. The paper views semantic change as reflected in new meanings, broadening and narrowing of meaning, connotational change, conceptual recategorization and idiom loans. The study is based on a corpus of around 800 lexical and phraseological units that have undergone a change in the last two decades. Though some of the change may seem unnecessary, redundant and even confusing, there seems to be no way resisting, as it is the result of a massive impact of language contact which envelops all layers of lexis and styles.
Corporate Prosecutions – on Some Relevant Issues Related to the Criminal Procedural Status of Legal Entities
Authors: Strada-Rozenberga Kristīne , Meikališa Ārija
Published: November 2022

The article is dedicated to the issues related to corporate prosecution, which the authors see as relevant. The two main lines explored herein are the applicability of human rights to legal entities and the possibility of using procedural (preventive, security coercive measures during the proceedings. The outcomes of researching the currently valid regulatory enactments and those that have become void, examples of law application and theoretical sources are used to present the authors’ perspective on the most important aspects of the respective issues, problems are foregrounded and proposals are advanced to facilitate further discussion.
On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Latvian Constitution – a Brief Overview of the Weimarer Reichsverfassung as an “Elder Sister”
Authors: Schewe Christoph J. , Blome Thomas
Published: November 2022

In 2022, the Constitution of Latvia celebrates its 100th anniversary. With regard to the influence of the development of constitutions in other European states in the first decades of the 20th century, the contribution will provide an overview of the Weimar Imperial Constitution (hereinafter – Weimarer Reichsverfassung, WRV). Despite continuous criticism in the decades following the Second World War, it has had an immense impact and influence on the German Grundgesetz (Basic Law) and, on the occasion of its 100th anniversary in 2019 has gained increased attention.
Particularly in troubled times where constitutions are under constrain, a look at Weimar times may indicate risks and challenges of a constitution but also provide inspiration for potential safeguards.
Sexual Harassment and Its Differentiation from Other Criminal Offences
Authors: Liholaja Valentija , Zivtiņa Elīna
Published: November 2022

The publication focuses on the concept of sexual harassment. Its aim is to clarify the understanding of this concept and its place within the system of criminal law. To achieve this aim, the authors have analysed international and national regulation, regulation of other countries, as well as the legal doctrine of the branch, case law and statistical data.
Permissibility of the Reverse Burden of Proof and its Limits in Criminal Proceedings in the Context of the Presumption of Innocence
Authors: Rozenbergs Jānis
Published: November 2022

This publication explores the limits of admissibility of the reverse burden of proof in criminal proceedings. To determine these limits, the reverse burden of proof is tested vis-à-vis the fundamental principle of the presumption of innocence in criminal proceedings. In searching for answers to the advanced question, the Latvian criminal procedural regulation is analysed in the context of the findings made in the Latvian and foreign theory of criminal procedure law, fundamental rights enshrined in the Satversme [Constitution] of the Republic of Latvia and the case law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia, as well as international legal regulation and case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
The Concept of Public-Private Partnership in Poland
Authors: Cieślak Rafał
Published: November 2022

The paper concentrates on the concept of public-private partnership in Poland. In particular, the issues concerning the legal basis and the principles of implementing PPP projects were raised. Moreover, the paper explores the procedures of the private partners’ selection and important provisions of the PPP contracts. The institutional environment, such as PPP policy and the role of the PPP Central Unit were also discussed. At the conclusion, the analysis of PPP market in Poland is provided.
The Doctrine of “in Loco Parentis” in Anglo-Saxon Legal Systems and in the Republic of Latvia
Authors: Erdmanis Rihards , Mihailovs Ivans Jānis
Published: November 2022

This publication analyses the “in loco parentis” doctrine of Anglo-Saxon law, which means “in place of parents”. In particular, the authors seek to reveal the content, historical aspects of this concept and its expression in the Latvian legal system. This can be applied, for example, to the duty of employees of an educational institution who are required as part of their role to exercise a duty of care, as well as to enforce discipline, as aspects of cooperation between parents and the school. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in connection with the “in loco parentis” doctrine is highlighted. The authors conduct a study using methods of interpreting the rules of law adopted in legal science: grammatical, historical, comparative, teleological method. An educational institution as a structure authorized by the state per se can be viewed as having an equivalent responsibility to that of a child’s parents. That is, the school, like parents, has an obligation to take care of the child, especially in relation to the child’s psycho-emotional well-being and physical safety. So, should the school staff take care of the child the same way the parents do? In the case of the Republic of Latvia, this is most clearly reflected in the scientific knowledge of pedagogy and in the practice of daily education.
Biochemical properties and heavy metal analysis of a commercial fish Opisthopterus tardoore
Authors:   School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar-752 101, India, Rout J.R. , Panda Y. ,   School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar-752 101, India
Published: November 2022

Aim: The study was designed to evaluate various biochemical parameters, protein expression, antioxidant enzymes and heavy metals by testing an edible fish Opisthopterus tardoore. Methodology: The experimental fish were collected from five major fish markets of Bhubaneswar, India and distribution of carbohydrate, lipid and protein content were assessed in muscle tissues. To enhance the understanding of molecular mechanism, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of crude proteins was conducted. Catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined both spectrophotometrically and by native gel electrophoresis. For heavy metal analysis, three toxic elements viz.,chromium, cadmium and lead were examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The muscle tissues showed variation in the concentrations of carbohydrate (0.17 ± 0.02 to 0.28 ± 0.04 % f.wt.), lipid (3.48 ± 0.27 to 6.62 ± 0.44 % d. wt.) and protein (1.56 ± 0.11 to 2.92 ± 0.16 % f. wt.) with respect to the markets from where fish samples were collected. The protein profiling study revealed the disappearance as well as de novo synthesis of some proteins. The activities of CAT and GPX were determined for establishing a possible bioindicator of metal toxicity in fish. A rapid disturbance in their enzymatic actions was noticed which was also confirmed through native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with respect to fish samples. The heavy metals analysis manifested a varying level of accumulation of Cr whereas Pb and Cd were found below the detection limits. Interpretation: The biochemical disturbances and accumulation of Cr in muscle tissues of O. tardoore reflect the pollution status of nearby coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal, Odisha. Key words: Biochemical analysis, Chromium toxicity, Guaiacol peroxidase, Opisthopterus tardoore, Protein expression
Theory and determinants of regulatory effectiveness in a formal microinsurance context: The insurers’ perspectives
Authors: Osifodunrin Edward A. , Lopes José Dias
Published: November 2022

Using a 60-item questionnaire with an 8-point Likert scale, we conducted a survey (solely amongst insurers) to investigate possible determinants of regulatory effectiveness (RE) in the Nigerian microinsurance sector. This survey was further triangulated with key industry reports, coupled with respondent-provided qualitative validation and real scenario-based instances, to soundly justify the responses/opinions of survey participants. In this paper, RE was measured by the level of achievement on regulatory mandates (RM), as opined/justified by informed respondents. This research was conducted to re-sensitize/guide governments, regulators, researchers and other stakeholders on what fosters/impedes RE and the need to sustainably manage these determinants, in order to promote formal microinsurance development (FMID). Our result revealed that the severity of determinants’ impact (in their current/snapshot state) on five aggregated RM was in the following decreasing order: “level of corruption”, “clarity of mandate”, “national culture”, “technology”, “regulatory flexibility/innovation”, “organisational structure”, “participation/consultation”, “organisational culture”, “regulatory autonomy” and lastly, “resources” has the least negative impact. The “socio-political legitimacy” had no impact on the five RM, while “support-from-development-partners” in its current/snapshot state is the only recorded determinant exerting a positive impact on all the five RM (as aggregated). Consequently, the study guides relevant stakeholders to assiduously work towards managing these determinants (especially, the most severe ones such as “level-of-corruption”, “clarity-of-mandate”, etc.) in order to enhance RE and FMID.
Incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury during antituberculosis treatment: A prospective cohort study and literature review
Authors: Chang Chia-Hao , Chang Lih-Yu , Ko Jen-Chung , Wen Yueh-Feng , Chang Chein-Jen , Keng Li-Ta , Tsou Ping-Hsien , Yu Kai-Lun , WANG JANN-YUAN , Yu Chong-Jen
Published: November 2022

Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is occasionally detected in patients
receiving anti tuberculosis (TB) treatment. This prospective cohort
study is the first to investigate the true incidence, risk factors, and
renal outcomes. Methods: This study was conducted from January 1, 2016,
to May 31, 2018, and patients with a new diagnosis of TB and receiving
standard anti-TB treatment were enrolled; the patients received regular
laboratory monitoring. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease:
Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria. Urinalysis, measurements for
blood erythrocyte morphology and the fractional excretion of sodium, and
renal ultrasonography were performed at AKI onset. Anti-TB drugs were
adjusted by the primary physician. Risk factors for AKI were identified
using a Cox regression analysis. Results: In total, 106 patients were
recruited (mean age: 52.6 years, 71.7% men). Eleven (10.3%) patients
experienced AKI. An increase in serum uric acid and hemoglobin levels
was noted at AKI onset. All patients with AKI exhibited renal function
recovery and completed rifampin-containing anti-TB treatment. Age
(hazard ratio (HR): 1.06 [1.02–1.11]), a higher baseline estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR: 1.04 [1.02–1.06]), and a
blood eosinophil count >350 (109/L) (HR: 10.99
[2.28–53.02]) were associated with AKI development during anti-TB
treatment. Conclusions: Under regular pharmacovigilance monitoring, the
incidence of renal function impairment during anti-TB treatment was
higher than expected. AKI frequently occurred in older patients with a
higher eGFR and blood eosinophil count. However, the complication had no
influence on anti-TB treatment completion, and no permanent renal
impairment occurred.