bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late-onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia or Early-onset Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Bhalerao Anuja V , Jain Preksha , Aggarwal Sakshi
Published: August 2017

Aim

To differentiate nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in a 13-year-old girl.

Background

Hirsutism and virilization are effects of hyperandrogenism by ovaries and adrenal glands. It has a marked psychological and social impact affecting the quality of life; 75% of premenarchal girl have hyperandrogenism, which is due to PCOS but late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia cannot be ruled out, and this leaves the clinician in quandary regarding the diagnosis and management.

Case report

A 13½-year-old girl presented with excessive facial hair, hoarseness of voice, and darkening of elbow pits since past 2 months, which was increasing in severity. The patient had not yet attained menarche but had pubarche 1 year back. Examination revealed presence of acanthosis, underdeveloped breasts, and clitoromegaly >3 cm. Levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone were normal but higher levels were reported poststimulation. Fasting insulin levels were also high. Appropriate treatment was started, which led to improvement in patient's symptoms.

Conclusion

There is significant overlapping between PCOS and NCAH, which warrants accurate diagnosis based on hormonal analysis to institute early and appropriate therapy.

Significance

Early therapy can prevent infertility and androgenic complications later in life.

How to cite this article

Jain P, Bhalerao AV, Aggarwal S. Late-onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia or Early-onset Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical Dilemma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):280-282.
Effect of Different Dentifrices on the Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins: An in vitro Study
Authors: Gautam Nitin , Sharma Aditi , Bashir Unjum , Rapolu Sisir , Mamatha Nallamilli , Sravani Siripurapu
Published: August 2017

Aim

This study was undertaken to study the effect of three most commonly used dentifrices for denture cleaning and to find out any positive association between number of strokes by toothbrush and surface roughness of acrylic resin.

Materials and methods

About 40 acrylic rectangular blocks with high finish were polished until surface roughness was calculated as 0 µm. The materials tested were distilled water as a control group, Patanjali Dant Kanti, Colgate Total Cream, and Cleansodent as dentifrices. Stroking was done with dentifrices, and surface roughness readings were recorded at 1,000, 9,000, and 18,000 strokes.

Results

Patanjali Dant Kanti was found to have maximum abrasive potential followed by Colgate Total Cream, followed by Cleansodent and least by distilled water.

Conclusion

Surface roughness was found to be directly proportional to the type, size, and fineness of the abrasive component used; the professional denture cleanser (Cleansodent) has less abrasive potential than the regular toothpastes. Among those tested, the highest abrasive potential was found in Patanjali Dant Kanti and lowest by Cleansodent (denture cleanser).

Clinical significance

The patient as well as dentist should choose the dentifrice with utmost care noting the size and type of abrasives used. Washing the dentures normally with water without toothbrush daily and cleaning of dentures once in 10 to 15 days with a soft toothbrush and professional denture cleanser should be the line of maintenance of dentures.

How to cite this article

Gautam N, Sharma A, Bashir U, Rapolu S, Mamatha N, Sravani S. Effect of Different Dentifrices on the Surface Roughness of Acrylic Resins: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):679-682.
Risk Factors associated with Dental Implant Failure: A Study of 302 Implants placed in a Regional Center
Authors: Oztel Mehmet , Bilski Wojciech M , Bilski Arthur
Published: August 2017

Aim

The aim of this research is to determine which risk factors are associated with dental implant failure and survival.

Materials and methods

Data pertaining to patients who received one or more dental implants from 2011 to 2013 in a regional center were retrospectively reviewed. This included a total of 302 Biomet 3i NanoTite Tapered Certain implants placed in 177 patients. All patients were followed up until the end of 2015.

Results

This study found an overall success rate of 95%. Statistically significant factors that were found to affect implant survival were implant length, surgical technique, and presence of diabetes mellitus DM. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), implant site, smoking, and variable operators were not found to have any significant implant on implant survival.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that the incidence of implant failure and its complications is affected by a number of important factors that clinicians should consider when assessing patients. A follow-up study with a larger sample size, longer follow-up period, and details of the type of prosthetic rehabilitation would be beneficial in producing more definitive conclusions which may improve clinical practice.

Clinical significance

Dental implants play an important role in modern-day dental rehabilitation. It is vital that clinicians understand the impact of variable risk factors on implant survival. This study will add to the growing literature on the subject.

How to cite this article

Oztel M, Bilski WM, Bilski A. Risk Factors associated with Dental Implant Failure: A Study of 302 Implants placed in a Regional Center. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):705-709.
Cytological Changes in Normal Oral Mucosa of Individuals with Tobacco Habits: A Cytomorphometric Study
Authors: Kulkarni Pavan G , Palakurthy Pavan , Nandan Rateesh K , Rao T Madhusudan , Reddy D Shyam P , Muddana Keerthi
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Oral cancer is one of the six most common cancers in the world, and globally more than 50% of head and neck cancers occur in Asia, remarkably in India. Overall, 200,000 cases of head and neck cancers occur each year in India, among which 80,000 are oral cancers. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a causative role of tobacco use in the evolution of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders.

Aims and objectives

The aim of the study is to evaluate independently and compare the cytological effects of smoking, tobacco chewing, and smoking in conjunction with tobacco chewing on oral mucosa by cytomorphometric analysis.

Materials and methods

The study included a total of 120 individuals subdivided into four groups, each group with 30 individuals. Group I was tobacco smokers, group II tobacco chewers, and group III both tobacco smokers and chewers. Group IV comprised 30 individuals without tobacco habit. Smears were prepared from buccal mucosa of both the study and control groups using a cytobrush and stained using Papanicolaou staining. The cells were quantified using image analysis software.

Results

The results of the study showed alterations in the nuclear and cellular parameters in the study groups when compared with control groups and were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The present study explains the significance of early identification of cellular changes in individuals with tobacco habits who require early intercession even without any visible oral mucosal changes. The study emphasizes that exfoliative cytology and cytomorphometry aid as a valuable tool to evaluate the effect of tobacco on oral mucosa.

Clinical significance

Simple noninvasive techniques like exfoliative cytology can be employed as a chairside technique and in mass screening programs for identification of cellular changes in oral mucosa of individuals with tobacco habits. Thereby, it can be used as an early diagnostic tool for identification of potentially cancerous and cancerous lesions.

How to cite this article

Palakurthy P, Kulkarni PG, Nandan RK, Rao TM, Reddy DSP, Muddana K. Cytological Changes in Normal Oral Mucosa of Individuals with Tobacco Habits: A Cytomorphometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(8):722-727.
Institutional Ethics Committee Regulations and Current Updates in India
Authors: Mahuli Amit V , Mahuli Simpy A
Published: August 2017

Aim

The aim of the review is to provide current updates on regulations for ethics committees and researchers in India.

Background

Ethical dilemmas in research since time immemorial have been a major concern for researchers worldwide. The question “what makes clinical research ethical” is significant and difficult to answer as multiple factors are involved.

Review results

The research involving human participants in clinical trials should follow the required rules, regulations, and guidelines in one's own country. It is a dynamic process, and updates have to be learned by researcher and committee members. The review highlights the ethical regulation from the Drug Controller General of India, Clinical Trial Registry of India, and Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines.

Conclusion

In this article, the updates on Indian scenario of the Ethical Committee and guidelines are compiled.

Clinical significance

The review comes handy for clinical researchers and ethics committee members in academic institutions to check on the current updates and keep abreast with the knowledge on regulations of ethics in India.

How to cite this article

Mahuli AV, Mahuli SA, Patil S, Bhandi S. Institutional Ethics Committee Regulations and Current Updates in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):738-741.
Global and regional estimates of warm cloud droplet number concentration based on 13 years of AQUA-MODIS observations
Authors: Bennartz Ralf , Rausch John
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We present and evaluate a climatology of cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) based on 13 years of Aqua-MODIS observations. The climatology provides monthly mean 1 × 1° CDNC values plus associated uncertainties over the global ice-free oceans. All values are in-cloud values, i.e. the reported CDNC value will be valid for the cloudy part of the grid box. Here, we provide an overview of how the climatology was generated and assess and quantify potential systematic error sources including effects of broken clouds, and remaining artefacts caused by the retrieval process or related to observation geometry. Retrievals and evaluations were performed at the scale of initial MODIS observations (in contrast to some earlier climatologies, which were created based on already gridded data). This allowed us to implement additional screening criteria, so that observations inconsistent with key assumptions made in the CDNC retrieval could be rejected. Application of these additional screening criteria led to significant changes in the annual cycle of CDNC in terms of both its phase and magnitude. After an optimal screening was established a final CDNC climatology was generated. Resulting CDNC uncertainties are reported as monthly-mean standard deviations of CDNC over each 1 × 1° grid box. These uncertainties are of the order of 30 % in the stratocumulus regions and 60 to 80 % elsewhere.
Impacts of aerosol direct effects on tropospheric ozone through changes in atmospheric dynamics and photolysis rates
Authors: Xing Jia , Wang Jiandong , Mathur Rohit , Wang Shuxiao , Sarwar Golam , Pleim Jonathan , Hogrefe Christian , Zhang Yuqiang , Jiang Jingkun , Wong David C. , Hao Jiming
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Aerosol direct effects (ADEs), i.e., scattering and absorption of incoming solar radiation, reduce radiation reaching the ground and the resultant photolysis attenuation can decrease ozone (O3) formation in polluted areas. One the other hand, evidence also suggests that ADE-associated cooling suppresses atmospheric ventilation, thereby enhancing surface-level O3. Assessment of ADE impacts is thus important for understanding emission reduction strategies that seek co-benefits associated with reductions in both particulate matter and O3 levels. This study quantifies the impacts of ADEs on tropospheric ozone by using a two-way online coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model, WRF-CMAQ, using a process analysis methodology. Two manifestations of ADE impacts on O3 including changes in atmospheric dynamics (ΔDynamics) and changes in photolysis rates (ΔPhotolysis) were assessed separately through multiple scenario simulations for January and July of 2013 over China. Results suggest that ADEs reduced surface daily maxima 1 h O3 (DM1O3) in China by up to 39 µg m−3 through the combination of ΔDynamics and ΔPhotolysis in January but enhanced surface DM1O3 by up to 4 µg m−3 in July. Increased O3 in July is largely attributed to ΔDynamics, which causes a weaker O3 sink of dry deposition and a stronger O3 source of photochemistry due to the stabilization of the atmosphere. Meanwhile, surface OH is also enhanced at noon in July, though its daytime average values are reduced in January. An increased OH chain length and a shift towards more volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited conditions are found due to ADEs in both January and July. This study suggests that reducing ADEs may have the potential risk of increasing O3 in winter, but it will benefit the reduction in maxima O3 in summer.
A simple insect removal algorithm for 35-GHz cloud radar measurements
Authors: Kalapureddy Madhu Chandra R. , Patra Sukanya , Das Subrata K. , Deshpande Sachin M. , Chakravarty Kaustav , Jha Ambuj K. , Kalekar Prasad , Devisetty Hari Krishna , Pazamany Andrew L. , Govindan Pandithurai
Published: August 2017

Abstract. One of the key parameters that must be included in the analysis of atmospheric constituents (gases and particles) and clouds is the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Therefore high-resolution vertical profile observations of the atmospheric targets are required for both theoretical and practical evaluation and as inputs to increase accuracy of atmospheric models. Cloud radar reflectivity profiles can be an important measurement for the investigation of cloud vertical structure in a resourceful way. However, extracting intended meteorological cloud content from the overall measurement often demands an effective technique or algorithm that can reduce error and observational uncertainties in the recorded data. In this work a technique is proposed to identify and separate cloud and non-hydrometeor returns from a cloud radar measurements. Firstly the observed cloud reflectivity profile must be evaluated against the theoretical radar sensitivity curves. This step helps to determine the range of receiver noise floor above which it can be identified as signal or an atmospheric echo. However it should be noted that the signal above the noise floor may be contaminated by the air-borne non-meteorological targets such as insects, birds, or airplanes. The second step in this analysis statistically reviews the continual radar echoes to determine the signal de-correlation period. Cloud echoes are observed to be temporally more coherent, homogenous and have a longer de-correlation period than insects and noise. This step critically helps in separating the clouds from insects and noise which show shorter de-correlation periods. The above two steps ensure the identification and removal of non-hydrometeor contributions from the cloud radar reflectivity profile which can then be used for inferring unbiased vertical cloud structure. However these two steps are insufficient for recovering the weakly echoing cloud boundaries associated with the sharp reduction in cloud droplet size and concentrations. In the final step in order to obtain intact cloud height information, identified cloud echo peak(s) needs to be backtracked along the either sides on the reflectivity profile till its value falls close to the mean noise floor. The proposed algorithm potentially identify cloud height solely through the characterization of high resolution cloud radar reflectivity measurements with the theoretical echo sensitivity curves and observed echo statistics for the cloud tracking (TEST). This technique is found to be more robust in identifying and filtering out the contributions due to insects and noise which may contaminate a cloud reflectivity profile. With this algorithm it is possible to improve monsoon tropical cloud characterization using cloud radar.
The C32 alkane-1,15-diol as a proxy of late Quaternary riverine input in coastal margins
Authors: Lattaud Julie , Dorhout Denise , Schulz Hartmut , Castañeda Isla S. , Schefuß Enno , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The study of past sedimentary records from coastal margins allows us to reconstruct variations in terrestrial input into the marine realm and to gain insight into continental climatic variability. There are numerous organic proxies for tracing terrestrial input into marine environments but none that strictly reflect the input of river-produced organic matter. Here, we test the fractional abundance of the C32 alkane 1,15-diol relative to all 1,13- and 1,15-long-chain diols (FC32 1, 15) as a tracer of input of river-produced organic matter in the marine realm in surface and Quaternary (0–45 ka) sediments on the shelf off the Zambezi and nearby smaller rivers in the Mozambique Channel (western Indian Ocean). A Quaternary (0–22 ka) sediment record off the Nile River mouth in the eastern Mediterranean was also studied for long-chain diols. For the Mozambique Channel, surface sediments of sites most proximal to Mozambique rivers showed the highest F1, 15 − C32 (up to 10 %). The sedimentary record shows high (15–35 %) pre-Holocene F1, 15 − C32 and low (< 10 %) Holocene F1, 15 − C32 values, with a major decrease between 18 and 12 ka. F1, 15 − C32 is significantly correlated (r2 =  0.83, p < 0.001) with the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index, a proxy for the input of soil and river-produced organic matter in the marine environment, which declines from 0.25 to 0.60 for the pre-Holocene to < 0.10 for the Holocene. This decrease in both FC32 1, 15 and the BIT is interpreted to be mainly due to rising sea level, which caused the Zambezi River mouth to become more distal to our study site, thereby decreasing riverine input at the core location. Some small discrepancies are observed between the records of the BIT index and FC32 1, 15 for Heinrich Event 1 (H1) and the Younger Dryas (YD), which may be explained by a change in soil sources in the catchment area rather than a change in river influx. Like for the Mozambique Channel, a significant correlation between FC32 1, 15 and the BIT index (r2 =  0.38, p < 0.001) is observed for the eastern Mediterranean Nile record. Here also, the BIT index and FC32 1, 15 are lower in the Holocene than in the pre-Holocene, which is likely due to the sea level rise. In general, the differences between the BIT index and FC32 1, 15 eastern Mediterranean Nile records can be explained by the fact that the BIT index is not only affected by riverine runoff but also by vegetation cover with increasing cover leading to lower soil erosion. Our results confirm that FC32 1, 15 is a complementary proxy for tracing riverine input of organic matter into marine shelf settings, and, in comparison with other proxies, it seems not to be affected by soil and vegetation changes in the catchment area.
The concurrence of Atmospheric Rivers and explosive cyclogenesis in
the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins
Authors: Eiras-Barca Jorge , Ramos Alexandre M. , Pinto Joaquim G. , Trigo Ricardo M. , Liberato Margarida L. R. , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The explosive cyclogenesis of extra-tropical cyclones and the occurrence of atmospheric rivers are characteristic features of baroclinic atmospheres, and are both closely related to extreme hydrometeorological events in the mid-latitudes, particularly on coastal areas on the western side of the continents. The potential role of atmospheric rivers in the explosive cyclone deepening has been previously analysed for selected case studies, but a general assessment from the climatological perspective is still missing. Using ERA-Interim reanalysis data for 1979–2011, we analyse the concurrence of atmospheric rivers and explosive cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and North Pacific Basins for the extended winter months (ONDJFM). Atmospheric rivers are identified for almost 80 % of explosive deepening cyclones. For non-explosive cyclones, atmospheric rivers are found only in roughly 40 % of the cases. The analysis of the time evolution of the high values of water vapour flux associated with the atmospheric river during the cyclone development phase leads us to hypothesize that the identified relationship is the fingerprint of a mechanism that raises the odds of an explosive cyclogenesis occurrence and not merely a statistical relationship. This insight can be helpful for the predictability of high impact weather associated with explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers.
Wind and wave dataset for Matara, Sri Lanka
Authors: Luo Yao , Wang Dongxiao , Gamage Tilak Priyadarshana , Zhou Fenghua , Widanage Charith Madusanka , Liu Taiwei
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We present the first continuous in situ hydro-meteorology observations from the south of Sri Lanka from a set of instruments deployed firstly in December 2012. The simultaneously record wind and wave data in this region are sparse due to difficulties in deployment. Here the survey, deployment and measurements of wind and wave are described with the aim of giving a future user of the data set as comprehensive information as possible. This study reviewed on-going access to the datasets of this survey project. The archived dataset was examined in detail, including wave data at two locations with water depths of 20 m and 10 m comprising synchronous time-series of wind, ocean astronomical tide, air pressure and so on. In addition, we use these wave observations to evaluate the ERA-Interim reanalysis product and demonstrate that it represented near-shore waves in this region not very well. The buoy 2 observations showed that the swell is the main parts in all year and the monsoon can markedly adjusted the proportion between swell and wind seaa. The data set made publicly available from Science Data Bank (http://www.sciencedb.cn/dataSet/handle/447).
Sea-ice evaluation of NEMO-Nordic 1.0: a NEMO–LIM3.6-based ocean–sea-ice model setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea
Authors: Pemberton Per , Löptien Ulrike , Hordoir Robinson , Höglund Anders , Schimanke Semjon , Axell Lars , Haapala Jari
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice-covered marginal sea in northern Europe with intense wintertime ship traffic and a sensitive ecosystem. Understanding and modeling the evolution of the sea-ice pack is important for climate effect studies and forecasting purposes. Here we present and evaluate the sea-ice component of a new NEMO–LIM3.6-based ocean–sea-ice setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea region (NEMO-Nordic). The setup includes a new depth-based fast-ice parametrization for the Baltic Sea. The evaluation focuses on long-term statistics, from a 45-year long hindcast, although short-term daily performance is also briefly evaluated. We show that NEMO-Nordic is well suited for simulating the mean sea-ice extent, concentration, and thickness as compared to the best available observational data set. The variability of the annual maximum Baltic Sea ice extent is well in line with the observations, but the 1961–2006 trend is underestimated. Capturing the correct ice thickness distribution is more challenging. Based on the simulated ice thickness distribution we estimate the undeformed and deformed ice thickness and concentration in the Baltic Sea, which compares reasonably well with observations.
Simulating ectomycorrhiza in boreal forests: implementing
ectomycorrhizal fungi model MYCOFON into CoupModel
(V5)
Authors: He Hongxing , Meyer Astrid , Jansson Per-Erik , Svensson Magnus , Rütting Tobias , Klemedtsson Leif
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM), the symbiosis between a host plant and mycorrhizal fungi, has been shown to considerably influence the C and N flux between soil, the rhizosphere and plant in boreal forest ecosystems. However, ECM is either neglected or presented as an implicit, non-dynamic term in most ecosystem models which can potentially reduce their predictive power. In order to investigate the necessity of an explicit consideration of ECM in ecosystem models, we implemented the previous developed MYCOFON model into a detail process-based soil-plant-atmosphere model, CoupModel. MYCOFON explicitly describes the C and N fluxes between ECM and roots. This new Coup-Mycofon model approach (ECM explicit) is compared to two simpler model approaches, of which one contains ECM implicitly as an non-dynamic N uptake function (ECM implicit) and the other represents a version where plant growth has a constant N availability (nonlim). Parameter uncertainties are quantified by using Bayesian calibration where the model outputs are constrained to current forest growth and soil conditions for four forest sites along a climate and N deposition gradient in Sweden over 100 year period. Our results show that the nonlim approach could not describe both the forest growth and soil C and N conditions properly. The ECM implicit/explicit approach is able to describe current conditions with acceptable uncertainty. The ECM explicit Coup-Mycofon model provide a more detailed description of internal ecosystems fluxes and feedbacks of C and N fluxes between plant, soil and ECM. Our modelling highlights the need of incorporating ECM in current ecosystem models. We also provide a key set of posterior fungal parameters which can be further investigated and evaluated in future ECM studies.
Evaporation from cultivated and semi-wild Sudanian Savanna in west Africa
Authors: Ceperley Natalie C. , Mande Theophile , van de Giesen Nick , Tyler Scott , Yacouba Hamma , Parlange Marc B.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Rain-fed farming is the primary livelihood of semi-arid west Africa. Changes in land cover have the potential to affect precipitation, the critical resource for production. Turbulent flux measurements from two eddy-covariance towers and additional observations from a dense network of small, wireless meteorological stations combine to relate land cover (savanna forest and agriculture) to evaporation in a small (3.5 km2) catchment in Burkina Faso, west Africa. We observe larger sensible and latent heat fluxes over the savanna forest in the headwater area relative to the agricultural section of the watershed all year. Higher fluxes above the savanna forest are attributed to the greater number of exposed rocks and trees and the higher productivity of the forest compared to rain-fed, hand-farmed agricultural fields. Vegetation cover and soil moisture are found to be primary controls of the evaporative fraction. Satellite-derived vegetation index (NDVI) and soil moisture are determined to be good predictors of evaporative fraction, as indicators of the physical basis of evaporation. Our measurements provide an estimator that can be used to derive evaporative fraction when only NDVI is available. Such large-scale estimates of evaporative fraction from remotely sensed data are valuable where ground-based measurements are lacking, which is the case across the African continent and many other semi-arid areas. Evaporative fraction estimates can be combined, for example, with sensible heat from measurements of temperature variance, to provide an estimate of evaporation when only minimal meteorological measurements are available in remote regions of the world. These findings reinforce local cultural beliefs of the importance of forest fragments for climate regulation and may provide support to local decision makers and rural farmers in the maintenance of the forest areas.
A deeper look at the relationship between root carbon pools and the vertical distribution of the soil carbon pool
Authors: Dietzel Ranae , Liebman Matt , Archontoulis Sotirios
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Plant root material makes a substantial contribution to the soil organic carbon (C) pool, but this contribution is disproportionate below 20 cm where 30 % of root mass and 50 % of soil organic C is found. Root carbon inputs changed drastically when native perennial plant systems were shifted to cultivated annual plant systems. We used the reconstruction of a native prairie and a continuous maize field to examine both the relationship between root carbon and soil carbon and the fundamental rooting system differences between the vegetation under which the soils developed versus the vegetation under which the soils continue to change. In all treatments we found that root C  :  N ratios increased with depth, and this plays a role in why an unexpectedly large proportion of soil organic C is found below 20 cm. Measured root C  :  N ratios and turnover times along with modeled root turnover dynamics showed that in the historical shift from prairie to maize, a large, structural-tissue-dominated root C pool with slow turnover concentrated at shallow depths was replaced by a small, nonstructural-tissue-dominated root C pool with fast turnover evenly distributed in the soil profile. These differences in rooting systems suggest that while prairie roots contribute more C to the soil than maize at shallow depths, maize may contribute more C to soil C stocks than prairies at deeper depths.
Brief communication: On the influence of vertical wind shear on the combined power output of two model wind turbines in yaw
Authors: Schottler Jannik , Hölling Agnieszka , Peinke Joachim , Hölling Michael
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The effect of vertical wind shear on the total power output of two aligned model wind turbines as a function of yaw misalignment of the upstream turbine is studied experimentally. It is shown that asymmetries of the power output of the downstream turbine and the combined power of both with respect to the upstream turbine's yaw misalignment angle can be linked to the vertical wind shear of the inflow.
Affective Limitations in Second Language Acquisition by Spanish Adult Learners in Vocational Training Programs
Authors: Bernal Castañeda Sergio
Published: August 2017

This article aims to show and explain the growing motivational, personal or af- fective dif culties that unemployed adult learners are currently facing in the English subject when they decide to retake their education in age-diverse Vocational Training Programs in the Spanish educational system. The results presented in this article are based on a multiple case qualitative study research directed in two different areas. The participants were vocational training teachers who participated in a semi-structured interview. They con rmed the increas- ing level of frustration and dropout rate that Spanish adult students are experiencing in the L2 subject of these programs, mostly due to their oral and comprehension skills. The results of this article show the numerous obstacles of adaptation to the L2 contents and methodologies that adult learners face; generally because they are surrounded by adolescent or younger class- mates who have more experience in the foreign language and a wider linguistic knowledge. It is further explained how this age heterogeneity in the English classroom leads to dif culties in the linguistic acquisition, lack of adaptation to current L2 teaching methodologies and lack of inclusion in the rest of the group, due to motivational limitations derived from fear of ridicule, self-imposed affective barriers and anxiety in the English classroom.
Diminutive and Augmentative System in Magahi
Authors: Atreya Lata
Published: August 2017

Diminutive functions are grammatical primitives which seem to occur universally. Diminutives relate to semantic notions such as small size, affection, approximation, intensification, limitation and female gender (Jurafsky 1996). Associated with the concept of diminutives is the concept of augmentatives which is indicative of increase in degree of affection, endearment, respect, quality and sense of collectiveness. Jurafsky indicates that diminutives result due to shift in consonant, vowel or lexical tone, suffixation etc. Analogously, augmentatives are a result of compounding and reduplication. This article explores the phenomenon of diminutivization and augmentativization in Magahi. The article investigates the semantic notions associated with the phenomenon of diminutivization in Magahi and explores what are the syntactic categories that relate themselves with the phenomenon. The article also talks about pragmatics associated with the phenomenon of diminutivization and augmentativization in Magahi besides talking about various word formation processes resulting into augmentativization.
An Assessment of Adolescent Pregnancy and Social Risk Factors: Evidence from Agencies and Organizations in the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Moore Adrienne N. , Osho Gbolahan Solomon
Published: August 2017

In the past, it was common for young, single women who became pregnant to get married or give up their children for adoption. During the last half century, however, young women have increasingly more likely to keep their children and to be single parents; the proportion of non-marital teenage births has risen from 13% in the 1950s to 79% in 2000. The research seeks to describe the different organizations that are affected by teenage mothers and attempts to address teenage pregnancy and its implications for organizations/agencies such as: The Board of Education, Legislation, and Juvenile Justice System. Each one of these agencies is different entities with different functions but is detrimental in the development of teenage mothers and their journey from adolescence to adulthood. This study also aims to contribute to the body of knowledge the need for innovated programs to address the needs of these young mothers and future studies that focus on issues that arouse due to this phenomenon.
Strategic Thinking: The Role in Successful Management
Authors: Dionisio Marcelo Amaral
Published: August 2017

Strategic thinking and strategic planning are concepts that are not clearly defined both in the literature and in the practice of business organizations and sometimes they are used interchangeably with each other or with strategic management. The purpose of this text is to differentiate and define both concepts and relate their role with the strategic decision making process of a firm. The text ends by approaching the issue of sustainability as a new challenge in the strategic process.
A case of eosinophilic myocarditis
Authors: Chan Carolyn Anne , Sullivan Claire , Gupta Anjun , Cowden Daniel , Benatti Rodolfo
Published: August 2017

A 83-year-old female presented with shortness of breath and was found to be in acute decompensated heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Bloodwork revealed significant eosinophilia and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed eosinophilic myocarditis. One month prior, she had been hospitalized for a new diagnosis of heart failure while on vacation in Colorado. During that hospitalization, work-up included a heart catheterization showing non-obstructive coronary disease leading to a new diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Bloodwork at that time showed a normal eosinophil count. She had been given prednisone for a suspected asthma exacerbation a few days prior to presentation likely normalizing the eosinophil count. We report a case of eosinophilic myocarditis and the difficult diagnostic dilemma it presents due to low incidence, broad clinical symptoms, and past medical history that can confound the diagnosis. A thorough work-up was completed, and in this patient’s case, the etiology was likely drug-induced from the home medication hydrochlorothiazide.
Investigation of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Attitudes towards Sustainable Environmental Education
Authors: Keles Ozgul
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the current study is to investigate pre-service science teachers’ sustainable environmental education attitudes and the factors affecting them in terms of some variables (gender and grade level). The study group of the current research is comprised of 154 pre-service teachers attending the Department of Science Education in the Faculty of Education of Aksaray University. The study employed the descriptive survey method, one of the qualitative research methods. As the data collection tool, “The Sustainable Environmental Education Attitude Scale” developed by Afacan and Demirci Güler (2011) was used in the study. The Cronbach alpha reliability of the scale was calculated to be α=.93. In the statistical analysis of the data, SPSS was used. In the analysis of the data, Independent Samples t-Test and One Way ANOVA were run. The analysis results revealed that sustainable environmental education attitudes frequency of the pre-service teachers is at the medium level. It was also found that the sustainable environmental education attitudes of the pre-service teachers do not vary significantly by gender; yet, they were found to be varying significantly depending on the grade level variable. It can be suggested that further research can attempt to determine the attitudes of pre-service teachers from different branches and to analyze different factors affecting sustainable environmental education attitude.
Zestawienie tytułów profesorskich, prac habilitacyjnych i doktorskich z zakresu rachunkowości obronionych w Polsce w latach 2007-2016
Authors: Sojak Sławomir , Czerska Elżbieta
Published: August 2017

zestawienie
Validation of an Immunohistochemistry Assay for Detection of CD155, the Poliovirus Receptor, in Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Chandramohan Vidyalakshmi , Bryant Jeffrey D. , Piao Hailan , Keir Stephen T. , Lipp Eric S. , Lefaivre Michaela , Perkinson Kathryn , Bigner Darell D. , Gromeier Matthias , McLendon Roger E.
Published: August 2017

Context.—

The oncolytic polio-rhinovirus recombinant (PVSRIPO) has demonstrated promise in currently ongoing phase I/II clinical trials against recurrent glioblastoma and was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the Food and Drug Administration/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. A reliable clinical assay to document expression of the poliovirus receptor, CD155, in routinely available patient tumor samples is needed for continued clinical development of PVSRIPO oncolytic immunotherapy in primary brain tumors and beyond.

Objectives.—

To validate a novel anti-CD155 antibody for immunohistochemistry and develop a robust, reliable, and specific protocol for detecting CD155 expression in glioblastoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. To characterize the expression of CD155 in human glioblastoma cells as well as to evaluate the influence of CD155 expression levels on tumor cell susceptibility to PVSRIPO infection and killing.

Design.—

Immunohistochemical staining on glioblastoma FFPE tissue sections and immunoblot of corresponding frozen tissues were performed. Positive controls were confirmed sites of poliovirus propagation, spinal cord anterior horn, and tonsils; negative controls were vascular smooth muscle in patient samples and FFPE sections from a confirmed CD155-negative Burkitt lymphoma line (Raji).

Results.—

We succeeded in developing a reliable assay to specifically detect CD155 by immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma FFPE sections. Our data suggest widespread, virtually universal expression of CD155 in glioblastoma cells at levels commensurate with susceptibility to PVSRIPO infection and killing.

Conclusions.—

Anti-CD155 antibody D3G7H achieves monospecific detection of CD155 in immunoblots of tumor homogenates and immunohistochemistry of tumor FFPE sections. Our assay has utility in defining appropriate use of PVSRIPO in oncolytic immunotherapy against malignant glioma and other cancer histotypes.
Re-Negotiating Materiality: Craft Knowledge and Contemporary Art
Authors: Chambers Ruth , Perron Mireille
Published: August 2017

L’origine de la section Pratiques remonte à une demande des artistes membres de l’AAUC désireux, désireuses de voir plus de travaux d’artistes contemporains circuler dans le cadre de RACAR. Le format vise à multiplier les rencontres possibles entre une thématique actuelle et ses praticien.ne.s.

Les huit artistes sollicité.e.s choisissent comme mode d’expression les métiers d’art et/ou emploient des pratiques artisanales. Il s’agirait d’un type de réflexivité qui passe par une re-négociation de la matérialité des oeuvres et leurs processus au moyen de savoir-faire artisanaux. Cette re-négociation par la connaissance artisanale a des implications élargies. Ces artistes et leurs oeuvres contribuent au discours des critiques matérialistes apparues dans différents domaines du savoir.

Nous avons demandé à chaque artiste de soumettre une image et une courte description de leur oeuvre à la lumière de notre thématique.
Punch and the Pogroms: Eastern Atrocities in John Tenniel’s Political Cartoons, 1876–1896
Authors: Williams Dominic
Published: August 2017

Cet article analyse trois caricatures produites pour Punch, magazine humoristique de l’époque victorienne, par son caricaturiste en chef, John Tenniel. Elles représentent des despotismes en périphérie de l’Europe opprimant et assassinant des minorités sous leur férule : les atrocités commises en Bulgarie en 1876, les pogroms antisémites en Russie en 1881–1882 et les massacres d’Arméniens dans l’Empire ottoman en 1895–1896. Considérées ici comme faisant partie d’une série, ces images sont placées en dialogue notamment avec les textes qui ont paru à leurs côtés et avec les magazines rivaux de Punch tels que Fun et Judy. Alors que les Turcs, les Russes, les Bulgares, les Juifs et les Arméniens sont devenus des figures au moyen desquelles Punch a pu réfléchir à lui-même et à sa nation, elles lui ont posé un problème de représentation : c’est particulièrement les figures juives que Punch a eu le plus de difficulté à situer dans l’ordre des nations.
Future Archaeology: The Speculative Indexicality of Adrian Göllner’s Conceptual Artefacts
Authors: Zdebik Jakub
Published: August 2017

L’art d’Adrian Göllner repose sur la transposition d’un contenu artistique du passé au présent et à l’avenir. Son art conceptuel est solidement fondé sur la matérialité : il construit ainsi des appareils pour rendre ses concepts visibles. Afin d’explorer ses créations, nous invoquons les concepts du diagramme, de l’index, de la trace graphique et proposons la notion de l’indexicalité spéculative. Ces concepts, d’après les théories de Joselit, Meltzer, Buchloh, Krauss et Iversen, répondent de façon ambigüe à la division entre les arts et les sciences, l’objectivité et la spéculation, les connaissances et les sensations, ce pourquoi ils sont importants dans l’analyse de l’oeuvre de cet artiste qui s’intéresse à l’histoire à travers une expression abstraite et conceptuelle. Les sujets des oeuvres analysées ici touchent la bombe atomique, la réparation d’horloges anciennes, la musique pop des années 1960, l’archéoacoustique, et les blessures mortelles du général Wolfe.
Transformations of Oil: Visibility, Scale, and Climate in Warren Cariou’s Petrography
Authors: French Elysia H.
Published: August 2017

Dans cet article, j’examine la série Petrography (2014 au présent), dans laquelle Warren Cariou commente sur les perceptions et représentations de l’énergie pétrolière. Utilisant une technique inspirée de Nicéphore Niépce, l’artiste multidisciplinaire winnipegois met en évidence dans ces pétrographies (« petroleum-photography ») une question fondamentale de l’anthropocène : la division continuelle et problématique entre les relations humaines et non humaines, qui découle de la conception du non humain en tant que ressource passive. Mon analyse de cette série met en lumière la façon dont les pétrographies de Cariou réutilisent une ressource naturelle pour attirer notre attention sur notre dépendance au pétrole et la contradiction qui en résulte à cette ère de changement climatique.
Loin des yeux, près du coeur ! Autorité, distance et pragmatisme chez les Soeurs Missionnaires de Notre-Dame d’Afrique (1869-1894)
Authors: Foisy Catherine
Published: August 2017

Cet article analyse les débuts des Soeurs missionnaires de Notre-Dame d’Afrique (Soeurs blanches), du point de vue des femmes. Cette étude prend pour cadre interprétatif des études de genre pensées selon une perspective féministe, cherchant à illustrer la manière dont les rôles socio-ecclésiaux dévolus aux femmes impriment ou non un caractère particulier à leur expérience dans le contexte de la fondation d’un nouvel institut missionnaire. Les relations de ces femmes avec leur fondateur, mais aussi avec les Pères blancs auxquels sont aussi assignés des rôles socio-ecclésiaux retiennent l’attention de cet article. Les notions d’autorité et d’obéissance seront prises en considération de même que les effets de la confrontation à l’expérience missionnaire elle-même.
Saint Zotique de Montréal : itinéraire d’une dévotion ultramontaine (1845-2005)
Authors: Dahan Michel
Published: August 2017

Cet article cherche à retracer l’itinéraire d’une dévotion aujourd’hui complètement oubliée. De 1845 à 2005, de nombreux catholiques montréalais vénérèrent dans la cathédrale de leur ville les reliques de saint Zotique. Les ossements de ce mystérieux saint provenaient des catacombes de Rome. Encouragée par le clergé, la dévotion à saint Zotique ne demeura pas restreinte au domaine des dévotions publiques mais fut également adoptée comme partie intégrante de l’univers dévotionnel privé de nombreux fidèles. En considérant le cas particulier de saint Zotique, cet article cherche à mettre en lumière l’engouement qui caractérisa les reliques de saints catacombaires au Québec. La ferveur religieuse entourant ces reliques a constitué l’une des expressions caractéristiques de la piété ultramontaine.
Morbide gastronomie
Authors: Schmid Muriel
Published: August 2017

Cet essai propose une réflexion théologique et anthropologique autour de la pratique du dernier repas des condamnés à mort dans le système carcéral américain. L’argument principal de l’auteure démontre que la pratique du dernier repas participe indirectement à la justification morale de la peine de mort. La tension entre le discours qui transforme le condamné en monstre et le geste charitable de l’institution carcérale renforce l’idée d’un système juste et nécessaire. Dans sa conclusion, l’auteure suggère que seule la représentation artistique du dernier repas des condamnés (et c’est peut-être là que se trouve un rapprochement possible avec les évangiles) offre un espace de rédemption. Paradoxalement, les représentations artistiques contemporaines du dernier repas des condamnés se concentrent sur le repas lui-même, évitant avec soin le portrait du condamné. Ce faisant, elles se réapproprient le repas comme un geste quotidien et simple et renvoient ainsi à l’aspect humain et social du condamné.
Le sens du quotidien en Occident. Du « dernier repas » omnivore aux « premiers repas » végétaux
Authors: Parise Fanny
Published: August 2017

Le contexte incertain produit une multitude de quêtes de sens pour le consommateur occidental : il se « bricole » une réalité qui rend plus acceptable les « dissonnances cognitives » avec lesquelles il doit composer quotidiennement et qui affecte son régime alimentaire. Les réseaux numériques hébergent une pluralité de nouveaux mangeurs : les praniques, les sans glutens, les végétariens, les crudivores, etc. Ces nouveaux mangeurs souhaitent s’émanciper du système marchand traditionnel, tout en se positionnant non pas en opposition mais en stratège constructiviste du modèle économique actuel. Ces « créatifs culturels » construisent une consommation signifiante où leur interlocution angoissée avec le monde devient ultra-visible. Ils intègrent certains mythes anciens comme l’allégorie chrétienne du « dernier repas » du Christ au sein de leur quotidien afin de bâtir un nouveau cadre normatif ; objectivant un syncrétisme socio-culturel singulier, tout comme l’établissement d’une nouvelle temporalité du rituel.