bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Form of Unequal Playing Field? Referees and Bias in Officiating.
Authors: Aboagye Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

The present study examined if subjective decisions by referees’ favour certain teams in the Ghanaian Premier League (GPL). To achieve this, a model was developed to analyse the total number of subjective decisions for a team (penalties in favour and sending offs against opponents) for 16 clubs in the GPL for the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. Penalties scored and opponents sent-offs for each of the 16 clubs were added and then divided by the overall total number of penalties scored and the overall total number of sent-offs multiplied by 100. Results showed that some clubs have higher subjective decisions in the league for the two seasons than others. Although this could be attributed to other factors, it seems to support the claim that certain clubs have subjective decisions in their favour in the GPL. The home advantage for clubs in the GPL was 80% while the total subjective decisions were (68% of penalties scored by home teams and 74% sent-offs for away teams) supporting the existence of home advantage and bias officiating in the GPL. Suggestions for the future can be found in the discussion section of this research. Future studies should examine the effects of officiating bias on the performance of players in leagues.
Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Regulated by NRF-2/MicroRNA-1 Regulatory Axis Enhances Drug Resistance and Promotes Tumorigenic Properties in Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Li Dong , Sun Fei-fan , Wang Dan , Wang Tao , Peng Jing-jing , Feng Jian-Qiong , Li Hua , Wang Chao , Zhou Dai-jun , Luo Hong , Fu Zeng-qiang , Zhang Tao
Published: June 2020

Sorafenib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, is a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the clinical response to sorafenib is seriously limited by drug resistance. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is one of the most important inhibitory molecules involved
in tumor immune evasion. Recently, it has been reported that PD-L1 could play crucial roles in drug resistance of many kinds of cancers. However, the expression, function, and regulation of PD-L1 in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells remain unclear. In this study, we reported that PD-L1 was
overexpressed in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells, and shRNA-mediated PD-L1 depletion attenuated drug resistance and suppressed the migration, invasion, colony formation, and tumorigenesis in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations indicated that
loss of microRNA-1 (miR-1), a tumor-suppressive microRNA, contributed to the PD-L1 upregulation in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells, and PD-L1 was a direct regulatory target of miR-1. Further study revealed that an oncogenic transcriptional factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2),
was induced in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells and inhibited expression of miR-1 in vitro. From molecular mechanism insight back to the functional verification, we eventually demonstrated that miR-1 executed its tumor-suppressive effects on drug resistance and other malignant properties
in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells partially by PD-L1 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggested that a NRF-2/miR-1/PD-L1 regulatory axis contributed to the development and maintenance of drug resistance and other tumorigenic properties in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma
cells and provided a potential therapeutic target for overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC.
The Coevolution of Tourism and Agriculture
Authors: Hjalager Anne-Mette
Published: June 2020

Coevolution is a term borrowed from biology, and is used to describe the development of two different populations under mutually interdependent circumstances. This article addresses tourism and food production in a coevolution context. Twenty-one examples from around the world illustrate
the formats of coevolution, which benefits tourism and food production alike. While these initiatives are not (yet) mainstream in tourism, they nevertheless constitute changes that match tourism trends in the demand for food experiences with wider meaning and significance. For agriculture
and food production, tourism opens new possibilities for diversification and economic opportunities that move beyond traditional business models. Its contribution lies in further development in evolutionary and environmental economists' work on socioenvironmental coevolution, and interaction
between human and biophysical systems, which are systematized and discussed according to six characteristics: specificity, reciprocity, simultaneity, genetic fixing, boundary crossing, and organically derived.
Temple Food As a Sustainable Tourism Attraction: Ecogastronomic Buddhist Heritage and Regional Development in South Korea
Authors: Lee Anne H.J. , Wall Geoffrey
Published: June 2020

This research explores Buddhist heritage-based tourism in South Korea. It examines temple food experiences provided in tandem with templestay programs that emphasize the Buddhist cooking tradition and share aspects of traditional Buddhist culture with visitors. Based primarily on participant
observation, this ecologically friendly form of tourism is described and the ongoing development of temple food programs is documented. A "person-centric" perception is adopted from two perspectives: an emphasis on the holistic well-being of individual visitors, and the importance of a specific
person in the provision of tourism experiences. Rich description and narrative interpretation are used to explain the phenomenon and provide a foundation on which future research can be grounded.
complexo industrial como etapa e via do desenvolvimento da agricultura
Authors: Guimarães Alberto Passos
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Notas acerca da interminação institucional recente e seus efeitos sobre o processo de ocupação de áreas de fronteiras da Amazônia e Centro-Oeste
Authors: Barreto Francisco
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Considerações em torno do tema agroindústria e desenvolvimento
Authors: Grondim Marcelo
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
reformas agrárias no processo de desenvolvimento
Authors: Silva José Francisco da
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Energia e desenvolvimento
Authors: Xavier Jurandir Antonio
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Cinnamomum verum and its Effects on the Visual Motor Speed in Humans
Authors: Khan R , Patterson A
Published: June 2020

Cinnamon is used in a variety of cuisines, herbal supplements, teas, and other unique variations. Use of it as a spice dates back thousands of years and is primarily found in the lower regions of Asia in places like Sri Lanka and India. This experiment was designed to examine the effects of cinnamon on visual motor reflexes. It was hypothesized that the longer a participant smelt cinnamon the faster their reflex time would be. Participants were used as an internal control to check their base reflexes when initially unexposed to cinnamon, before repeating the experiment with the smell of cinnamon diffusing through the air. This was recorded using an online computer program provided by Washington University that functions as a click the button test. Participants had to press the button every time they saw a computerized traffic light turn green. We then calculated the changes in visual motor response time in intervals of two minutes for ten minutes. The means and standard deviation of each trial for each participant was calculated through both a calculator and the computer program. Most participants showed similar trends in their results with only a few outliers. Afterwards, the means were compared which revealed a gradual decrease in reflex time and statistically significant data with a P value of 0.0026, which supports our hypothesis that the smell of cinnamon decreases reflex response time. This can support the idea that cinnamon may be utilized in everyday activities to enhance mental abilities and may act as a significant stimulant to prevent drowsy driving. The experiment did not account for reflex acclimation however, which may provide a possible source of error in our data set.
Implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Field of Securing Plantation Assets
Authors: Junaedi Junaedi
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Field of Securing Plantation Assets, especially at PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) IV. Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the area of ​​securing assets in PTPN IV can be measured by the three elements of the legal system, namely: the legal substance (the Forestry Law); its legal structure (Law Enforcement Officials: Forestry and Police PPNS); corporate legal culture. The three systems are interrelated with one another. Systemic law enforcement efforts must pay attention to the elements of the legal system because it is the essence of law enforcement. the findings in the field of plantation crime mode are massive and organized. With regard to theft of oil palm, many people believe that it is often carried out by oil palm ninja (simple crime), but in reality theft by "oil palm ninja" is about 10% to 15% only. In reality, there is an oil palm mafia operating in PTPN IV's estates which holds 85% of these oil thieves. 90% organized / serious crime. The criminal act of theft and embezzlement of oil palm FFB (Fresh fruit bunches) in the PTPN IV area is massive and can be categorized as very critical.
Autour de l’œuvre d’Erich Neumann : rencontre avec Denyse Lyard
Authors: Lyard Denyse , Allain-Dupré Brigitte
Published: June 2020

À travers l’évocation de son parcours personnel, l’auteure relate dans cet entretien la manière dont Erich Neumann a complété l’œuvre entreprise par Jung et construit un appareil conceptuel de premier ordre qui a guidé sa pratique clinique, en particulier avec les enfants. En revenant sur la vie et les apports théorico-cliniques de l’une des plus importantes personnalités de l’histoire de la psychologie analytique, elle développe les thèmes principaux qui ont présidé à ses recherches et enrichi la théorie de l’inconscient collectif élaborée par Jung. Elle souligne et expose en particulier son intérêt pour les fondements originaires du psychisme, qu’il s’agisse de la genèse de la conscience chez l’être humain ou de l’étude des étapes archétypiques du développement de la psyché féminine.
De la Vierge Marie à l’étoile du Berger
Authors: Conesa Élisabeth
Published: June 2020

Une fille se souvient de son enfance, d’une scène concernant son père à la tombée de la nuit, et fait le rapprochement avec son propre vécu à un moment de son histoire. Familiarité et étrangeté d’un rituel vivant, quotidien, hors temps et profondément ancré dans le temps, ainsi se donne à voir la force « efficace » du Soi.
Jung et l’alchimie. Un lien entre passé et présent au service du futur
Authors: Liard Véronique
Published: June 2020

L’article retrace d’abord l’histoire du lien qui s’est noué progressivement et toujours plus intensément entre Jung et l’alchimie. Jung s’aperçut que la psychologie analytique se recoupait singulièrement avec l’alchimie qui constitue selon lui un lien entre le passé et le présent. L’article s’attache ensuite à montrer les parallèles établis par Jung entre les différentes étapes du processus alchimique et celles du processus d’individuation. La régression à la nigredo est une étape décisive pour accéder aux richesses de l’inconscient, à un potentiel inexploré, source d’une évolution future dont nous pouvons être les acteurs.
Frontex, l’agence européenne d’expulsion
Authors: Espuche Brigitte
Published: June 2020

Au début des années 2000, les États membres de l’Union européenne s’accordent sur une politique commune de lutte contre l’immigration « clandestine » qui passe par un accroissement des expulsions des ressortissant·es de pays tiers sans titre de séjour. Pour des questions économiques, c’est à la nouvelle agence pour la gestion de la coopération aux frontières extérieures de l’UE, Frontex, qu’est confiée l’organisation des expulsions mutualisées... en dehors de tout cadre légal ?
En Guyane, expulser pour assurer la paix sociale
Authors: Curet Lucie
Published: June 2020

La réponse politique aux crises sociales guyanaises s’est concentrée sur la répression des personnes immigrées et en demande d’asile. L’absence de structures d’accueil et les fermetures sporadiques des services administratifs vont de pair avec une activité policière intense consacrée aux expulsions. Le gouvernement ignore sciemment, dans ce territoire, le droit international comme le droit des étrangers malgré les condamnations par les tribunaux et les critiques des instances compétentes.
La Tunisie, terre d’accueil… des politiques européennes
Authors: Bisiaux Sophie-Anne
Published: June 2020

Pays en paix, doté d’institutions démocratiques, soi-disant accueillant pour les migrant·es d’Afrique subsaharienne, la Tunisie apparaît comme le candidat idéal pour la sous-traitance des politiques migratoires de l’UE. Et, de fait, les institutions européennes ne ménagent pas leurs efforts pour obtenir un accord de réadmission avec les autorités de Tunis pour faire de ce pays le réceptacle de tous les indésirables d’Afrique du Nord et subsaharienne renvoyés d’Europe, jusqu’à imaginer y installer le plus grand hotspot d’Afrique.
Hope, une main-d’œuvre réfugiée à disposition ?
Authors: Keyhani Behrouz
Published: June 2020

Le programme Hope est né, en 2015, d’un partenariat public-privé, avec pour objectif d’« intégrer les réfugiés » par l’activité économique, en les formant au préalable. Pari gagné pour les institutions qui ont ainsi libéré des places d’hebergement dans le dispositif national d’accueil, et pour les entreprises qui ont disposé d’une main-d’oeuvre « captive ». Mais miroir au alouettes pour les réfugiés pris au piège d’un programme qui les maintient dans la précarité professionnelle et résidentielle.
À Lille, un front uni pour défendre les immigrés
Authors: Minet Gérard
Published: June 2020

Le Nord-Pas-de-Calais a été très tôt une terre d’immigration. Si les vagues migratoires ont changé de nature au fil du temps, la présence d’un population immigrée importante imprime aujourd’hui encore sa marque aux luttes militantes. À côté de l’engagement des syndicats auprès des travailleurs immigrés et des associations luttant pour la reconnaissance des droits des personnes étrangères, la place occupée par l’organisation autonome des immigrés, depuis le Mouvement des travailleurs arabes, dans les années 1970, jusqu’au Comité des sans-papiers né en 1996, est significative. Comme quoi, la diversité des acteurs n’empêche pas de mener des combats unitaires.
« Nous sommes en guerre » : vulnérabilité et sécuritisation face au coronavirus
Authors: Courmont Barthélemy
Published: June 2020

Les études de sécurité ont considérablement évolué au cours des deux dernières décennies et se sont enrichies de nouveaux acteurs, de nouvelles grilles de lecture et de nouveaux enjeux. Le processus de sécuritisation en a ainsi émergé, particulièrement pour qualifier l’action d’un gouvernement qui doit faire face à une vulnérabilité identifiée, comme l’épidémie de coronavirus. Mais si cette approche permet de justifier un cadre et des pouvoirs élargis pour les décideurs en temps de crise – aussi bien militaire, environnementale que sanitaire –, ils doivent également en assumer les répercussions une fois ce moment révolu.
Les femmes dans la rue : représentations d’un scandale dans le théâtre somali des années 1970‑1990
Authors: Ali Fatouma Mahamoud Hadji
Published: June 2020

Les pièces étudiées dans cet article exposent deux tableaux sur le rôle et la place de la femme dans la société somalie. Le premier, qui fonctionne comme préambule dans certaines pièces, comme toile de fond dans d’autres, montre la situation de la femme rurale d’autrefois. Éternelle mineure écrasée par une multitude de tâches domestiques, elle était l’objet des tractations économiques entre hommes (père et mari) sans rien posséder elle‑même. Avec l’installation en ville, la donne change dans le second tableau où les femmes désormais éduquées sont indépendantes financièrement. Cependant, malgré leur réussite, à chaque fois qu’elles sortent hors du foyer, pour faire leurs études ou pour travailler, leur attitude est déconsidérée et assimilée au mieux à du libertinage et au pire à de la prostitution. Elles ne partagent pas ce point de vue masculin et patriarcal. Les auteurs de ces pièces, considérant l’acculturation comme une dérive de leur société, ne cherchent‑ils pas à contrer l’impact de l’influence occidentale en en accentuant ainsi les méfaits ? Derrière l’expression de leur crainte, n’est‑ce pas leur désir de réhabiliter le mode de vie ancestral et leur refus de tout progrès qu’ils semblent (mal) dissimuler ?
Renouveau du conte et action sociale au Brésil : des conteurs bénévoles en dialogue avec leur public en situation de handicap
Authors: Lemos Rossane
Published: June 2020

Les conteurs bénévoles de l’association « Casa do Contador de Histórias » de Curitiba (Brésil) étudiés dans cet article s’adressent à des publics en situation sociale précaire, comme les enfants et les adolescents atteints de paralysie cérébrale. Plus que la performance artistique, les narrateurs mettent en évidence dans leur pratique l’engagement associatif via la narration orale et le « pouvoir transformateur » des contes. Ils cherchent ainsi à contribuer au développement de la société brésilienne et à améliorer les relations humaines afin de renforcer l’esprit de groupe tout en développant la conscience des individualités. Après avoir présenté le contexte de narration bien particulier qui nous intéresse ici, nous verrons comment les pratiques narratives mettent en œuvre ce que nous proposons d’appeler un « récit social » afin de conter face à un public en situation de handicap, ce qui nous conduira à nous interroger sur la possibilité de dialogue qu’offre le type de narration proposé par les conteurs de la Casa à ces jeunes.
Travail invisible et rapports sociaux de sexe lors des parcours d’insertion socioprofessionnelle des femmes cadres
Authors: Giguère Émilie , St-Arnaud Louise , Bilodeau Karine
Published: June 2020

Cette étude propose de cerner et d’analyser les évènements et les expériences qui caractérisent le parcours scolaire et les parcours d’insertion socioprofessionnelle des femmes cadres à la lumière des apports de la sociologie des rapports sociaux de sexe. L’étude s’appuie sur une méthodologie qualitative à l’aide d’entrevues individuelles réalisées auprès de 51 femmes cadres. Les résultats révèlent la présence des rapports sociaux de sexe dès le parcours scolaire et les stratégies mobilisées face à ces expériences. Ils contribuent à renouveler la prise en compte des dimensions des rapports sociaux de sexe pour penser les interventions en counseling et en orientation.
L’échelle de conscience des rapports sociaux de sexe en orientation
Authors: Gaudron Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2020

Cet article décrit le développement d’une échelle de mesure de trois croyances sur la différence des sexes en orientation : l’essentialisme, le constructionnisme social et le féminisme. Sur un échantillon de 471 répondant·e·s, un modèle en trois facteurs avec 18 items présente un bon ajustement aux données. Les coefficient alphas indiquent des fidélités acceptables pour les scores des trois sous-échelles de croyance. Les hommes ont des scores de croyances essentialistes plus élevés que les femmes, qui ont, elles, des scores de croyances féministes plus importants. De futurs axes de recherche sont suggérés et des implications pour une égalité de l’orientation sont discutées.
Characterization of kynurenine pathway in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Li Pingping , Zheng Jimin , Bai Yun , Wang Dingxin , Cui Zijin , Li Yueqin , Zhang Jian , Wang Yuzhen
Published: June 2020

Our objectives are to demonstrate whether the kynurenine pathway is activated in diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) patients, and whether the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN) is out of balance with the neuroprotective metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), and further explore whether this can lead to increase of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor 2B (NMDAR2B) expression in the enteric nervous system and in turn leads to intestinal symptoms and mood disorders. All enrolled healthy controls and patients accepted IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) score, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) anxiety and depression scores, and also underwent colonoscopy to collect ileum and colonic mucosa specimens. The expression of NMDAR2B in intestinal mucosa was detected by immunofluorescence, and fasting serum was collected to detect the tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (KYN), KYNA and QUIN by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Our results showed that the kynurenine pathway of IBS-D patients was activated. The production of QUIN and KYNA was imbalanced and resulting in an increased NMDAR2B for patients with IBS-D, which may be involved in intestinal symptoms and mood disorders of IBS-D.
Co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and monocytes in the brain stem to repair the facial nerve axotomy
Authors: Wu Li , Han Dan , Jiang Jie , Xie Xiaojie , Zhao Xunran , Ke Tengfei , Zhao Wen , Liu Liu , Zhao Wei
Published: June 2020

After the facial nerve axotomy (FNA), the distal end of the axon would gradually decay and disappear. Accumulated evidence shows that transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reveals potential in the treatment of nervous system diseases or injuries. This study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of co-transplantation of BMSCs and monocytes in FNA. We found that co-culture significantly elevated the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD4+ CD25+ T cell proportion compared with monocytes transplantation, and enhanced the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons. After the cell transplantation, the lowest apoptosis in the facial nerve nucleus was found in the co-transplantation group 2 (BMSCs:monocytes= 1:30). Moreover, the lowest expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the highest expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the co-transplantation group 2 (BMSCs: monocytes= 1:30). The highest expression levels of protein in the JAK/STAT6 pathway and the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis were found in the co-transplantation group 2. BMSC/monocyte co-transplantation significantly improves the microenvironment in the facial nerve nucleus in FNA rats; therefore these findings suggest that it could promote the anti-/pro-inflammatory balance shift towards the anti-inflammatory microenvironment, alleviating survival conditions for BMSCs, regulating BMSC the chemotaxis homing, differentiation, and the section of BMSCs, and finally reducing the neuronal apoptosis. These findings might provide essential evidence for the in-hospital treatment of FNA with co-transplantation of BMSCs and monocytes.
Experiences and mentoring needs of novice nurse educators at a public nursing college in the Eastern Cape
Authors: Sodidi Khanyisa , Jardien-Baboo Sihaam
Published: June 2020

Background: When novice nurse educators enter academia, they are expected to demonstrate and implement knowledge in the clinical and classroom environment. However, when one enters academia without proper guidance and support, these expectations create lack of role models. Although mentorship has proved to make the transition easier, there is a lack of mentoring in most nursing schools and/or departments at higher education institutions in South Africa because of scarcity of mentoring programmes for novice nurse educators.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and mentoring needs of novice (newly qualified) nurse educators at a public nursing college in the Eastern Cape, to make recommendations for the mentoring of novice nurse educators.Setting: Urban and rural public nursing college campuses and sub-campuses in the Eastern Cape.Methods: Qualitative research approach and exploratory, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological designs were used. Sampling was purposive, data were collected by using semi-structured individual interviews and analysed using Tesch’s method.Results: Five themes emerged from this study. Findings indicated that novice nurse educators experienced lack of theoretical and clinical mentoring and lack of orientation and resources. Participants also provided recommendations to optimise the experience and performance of novice nurse educators.Conclusion: Lack of mentoring causes difficult transition by novice nurse educators from the nursing role into the nurse educator role. The implementation of the recommendations on mentoring of novice nurse educators would optimise the experience and performance of the novice nurse educators, thus enhance their smooth transition into academia.
The beauty of spiritual leadership: A theological-aesthetical approach to leadership
Authors: Kessler Volker
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to investigate two links between beauty and leadership: What is beautiful about spiritual leadership? Why should spiritual leaders bother about beauty? This study was motivated by the Bible verse 1 Timothy 3:1 and the observation that, at least in the German context, church leadership is no longer seen as a beautiful task. After a preliminary note on theological aesthetics, the paper discusses several approaches towards the link between aesthetics and transformation of the world, among them God becoming beautiful by Rudolf Bohren and Christianity, art and transformation by John de Gruchy. The article finally argues that: (1) spiritual leaders are beautifying the church and beyond and (2) spiritual leaders should strive for beauty as diligently as they strive for truth and goodness. Statement (1) is drawn from the propositions that (a) the spirit is the real leader of the church, (b) church leaders are partaking in the work of the spirit and (c) the spirit is beautifying the church and beyond. This is a theological statement, not a phenomenological one. A small poll provides some answers to the questions: ‘what is beautiful about leading?’ and ‘what is not beautiful about leading?’ An example of a German kindergarten illustrates some benefits of an aesthetical approach.Contribution: This article focuses on the neglected area of aesthetics in the context of leadership. It aims to encourage Christian leaders to fight against the ugliness of the world and make the world more beautiful.
A quantitative assessment of the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of farmworkers regarding schistosomiasis in a rural community in South Africa
Authors: Nenzhelele Fulufhelo , Anyanwu Felix C. , Ramoteme Mamabolo , Mabunda Jabu , Henry Akinsola , Kwabena Kyei
Published: June 2020

Background: Schistosomiasis is associated with agriculture and water development schemes, and farmworkers are particularly vulnerable to this disease because of their regular contact with water.Aim: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of farmworkers regarding schistosomiasis.Setting: This study was conducted in Vuvha, a rural community under Makhado municipality, Vhembe district, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.Results: The majority were knowledgeable about the cause of schistosomiasis (84.3%), knew the mode of transmission of the disease (90.2%). However, about half of the participants knew the symptoms of schistosomiasis. Sixty-eight (33.4%) believed that schistosomiasis was not a problem in their community. The majority (77.9%) agreed that it was abnormal to pass blood in urine, while 85.8% agreed that medical consultation was the right thing to do when symptoms are observed. Fifty-five participants (27.0%) reported ever passing bloody urine. Among those who passed bloody urine, 43 (78.2%) consulted a doctor. Fifty-two (26.0%) participants reported ever being treated for schistosomiasis.Conclusion: The level of knowledge about the cause of schistosomiasis is high among the participants; similarly, there are positive attitudes and good practices shown in this study, but there are some gaps that need to be addressed. Efforts should be made to continue to educate farmworkers because they are at an increased risk for contracting schistosomiasis.
Embezzlement and Reckless Spending: A Bottleneck for Local Governments’ Revitalization and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Kurfi Shafi’u Abubakar , Danrimi Moh’d Lawal
Published: June 2020

Nigeria operates a federal system of government and power is allocated to federal, state and local governments. A collaborative effort was encouraged to promote socio-economic development. Unfortunately, lack of diversification of the economy and over concentration on crude oil, it now operates a monolithic economy. Federal government on monthly basis share the proceed to the three levels of government but ironically, nothing significant is shown for the huge allocations due to uncontrollable embezzlement and reckless spending by public servants more specifically local authorities due to the extreme closeness to citizenry. Documentary data were obtained from published books, reputable journals, government publications, magazines, newspaper publications, internet sources and personal observations in carrying out this study. The paper observed that embezzlement and reckless spending is on the increase in some Nigerian local governments and is manifested through the state joint local government account, embezzlements and reckless spending by local chairmen, fake projects, collusion in the transaction of government businesses, ghost workers, denial of statutory functions. The paper concludes that local government is at the verge of total collapse if adequate measures were not taken to savage the situation. The paper recommends that states joint accounts should be scrap for local governments have a sustainable development.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İşsizlik Kaygısı
Authors: Aylin SURAT  , Dilek CERAN
Published: June 2020

Birey tedirginlik, endişe ya da kötü bir şey olacakmış duygusu yaşadığında hissettiği kaygı duygusudur. Türkiye ve dünyada en büyük sorunlardan biri olan işsizlik iş arayan bireylerde işsizlik kaygısına yol açmaktadır. Üniversite son sınıf öğrencilerinde gelecekte mezun olduktan sonra iş bulamayacak olma düşüncesi ve iş belirsizliği öğrencilerin işsizlik kaygısı yaşamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite son sınıf öğrencilerinin işsizlik kaygısı yaşayıp yaşamadıklarını tespit etmek ve demografik özelliklere göre öğrencilerin işsizlik kaygıları arasında farklılık olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Çalışma, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören toplam 139 son sınıf lisans öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin işsizlik kaygı düzeyini ve demografik özelliklerini belirleyen bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Cevaplar SPSS paket programına girilerek araştırma hipotezleri test edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada değişkenleri sınıflamada çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerden faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezlerinin sınanmasında istatistiksel analiz tekniklerinden bağımsız örneklemler t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. İşsizlik kaygısı alt boyutları belirlenerek alt boyutlarında farklılıkların değerlendirmeleri yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Demografik özelliklerden alana, bölümlere, cinsiyete, yerleşim yerlerine ve genel not ortalamasına göre işsizlik kaygısı boyutlarında farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Rekreasyonel Amaçlı Motor Kullanıcılarının Profilleri: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Ardahan Prof. Dr. Faik , Selçuk GÜLEÇ
Published: June 2020

Araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’deki Rekreasyonel Amaçlı Motor Kullanıcılarının Profillerini belirlemektir. Araştırma tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır ve örneklem tüm Türkiye genelinden 947 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmaya özel olarak geliştirilen anket formu kullanılmış ve veriler sosyal medya üzerinden 1 Şubat 2017 – 30 Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında elektronik anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır ve çalışmada tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Motor kullanıcılarının iyi eğitim düzeyinde, erkek, orta yaş düzeyinde, orta düzeyde gelire sahip, kamu ve özel sektörde çalışan, Enduro, Scooter, Turing/Sport Touring tarzı motor kullanan bireylerden oluştuğu, gelirlerinin önemli kısmını motor için harcadıkları, motor kullanmaya kendilerinin karar verdikleri, motor etkinliklerine motor kullanan arkadaşlarıyla veya yalnız gittikleri, serbest zamanlarında internette gezinmek, evde dinlenmek gibi daha çok pasif etkinliklere katıldıkları, ağırlıklı olarak doğa sporları ve fitness merkezlerinde yapılan sporları yaptıkları, TV’de Belgesel ve Haber programları izledikleri, aile bireylerinden kardeşlerinin motor kullanıyor olduğu, serbest zamanlarında çok fazla kitap okumadıkları, sinemaya gitmedikleri, TV izlemedikleri, ama bunun tersine ağırlıklı olarak motor hakkında konuştukları, motor kullanmak konusunda iyi olsalar da bunun yeterli olmadığını, kendilerini geliştirmek istedikleri, güvenliğe önem verdikleri,  Özgürlük Hissi Verdiği, Yenilenmiş Tazelenmiş Hissettirdiği, Günlük Rutinden Uzaklaştırdığı için motor kullandıkları bulgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; motor kullanmanın önemli bir ekonomik değer yarattığı, motor kullanıcıları bilinçli olmakla birlikte trafikte hala çok sayıda bilinçsiz motor ve araba kullanıcısının olduğu, bunun için mutlaka motor kullanıcılarına ileri sürüş, diğer araç sürücülerine trafikte saygılı olma eğitimlerinin verilmesi gerektiği, motor kullanmanın da bir yaşam biçimi olduğu söylenebilir.
COVID-19 and Corporate Performance in the Energy Industry
Authors: Fu Mengyao , Shen Huayu
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 has had a major impact on the global economy and the energy sector has also been significantly affected by the pandemic.. This paper studies the impact of COVID-19 on corporate performance in the energy industry and finds that COVID-19 has had a significant negative effect on the performance of energy companies. When goodwill impairment was introduced as a moderating variable, companies with goodwill impairment were more strongly affected by the pandemic. Therefore, decision makers at all levels should pay more attention to the impact of COVID-19 on energy companies and take countermeasures in order to mitigate the effects on the energy industry.
The Essential Role of Pandemics: A Fresh Insight Into the Oil Market
Authors: Qin Meng , Zhang Yu-Chen , Su Chi-Wei
Published: June 2020

This paper probes the interrelationship between pandemics and oil prices. It shows that the pandemics may reduce the oil demand, causing oil prices to decrease, which is inconsistent with the predictions of the intertemporal capital asset pricing model. The implication of this study is that the oil market should not be ignored when analyzing the effect of pandemics.
Crude Oil Prices and COVID-19: Persistence of the Shock
Authors: Gil-Alana Luis A. , Monge Manuel
Published: June 2020

The effect of the COVID-19 crisis on crude oil prices is investigated by using long memory techniques. The oil price series is highly persistent with an order of integration of 0.84, displaying mean reversion. When we examine data before the onset of COVID-19, the first order integration hypothesis cannot be rejected. The results are consistent with evidence of market efficiency prior to the crisis, with the oil market becoming inefficient when incorporating the data covering the crisis. The evidence that oil price series is mean reverting implies that the shock will be transitory albeit with very long-lasting effects.
Eksegesis Mazmur 73: Pergumulan Orang Benar Tentang Kemakmuran Orang Fasik
Authors: Budhi Samgar Setia
Published: June 2020

The suffering of godly men and the prosperity of the wicked often become the struggle for faithful men. This issue has been around for all ages, from the biblical times until today. This struggle could have implications for the faith of the believers within one’s life. Therefore the sound understanding of God and His will through the scripture is needed. Psalm 73 is one of the Bible texts that is talking about this important issue. Through a pure biblical qualitative study with literal-grammatical-historical-contextual interpretation and exegesis theory approach, and also considering the literature style of the Psalm it is found that the base of the struggle from the existence of prosperity among the wicked is the problem from the heart. An envious heart toward the wealthiness of the wicked often moved the faith of the godly men about the kindness of the Lord. But when believers have an intimate relationship with the Lord, then new perspectives will be opened by God concerning the struggle. God is sovereign towards men’s life. The end of the wicked lives has been determined. On the contrary, for those who live in faith, the presence of God is the highest goodness because the life of a believer along with the Lord with him will always be under His nurture.Penderitaan orang benar dan kemakmuran orang fasik seringkali menjadi pergumulan bagi orang yang beriman. Isu ini sesungguhnya ada sepanjang zaman yaitu sejak zaman Alkitab hingga masa kini. Pergumulan ini dapat berimplikasi kepada iman orang percaya di tengah kehidupannya. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan pemahaman yang benar tentang Allah dan kehendak-Nya melalui kebenaran firman-Nya. Mazmur 73 adalah salah satu teks Alkitab yang membicarakan tentang isu penting ini. Melalui studi kualitatif kajian biblika murni dengan pendekatan teori tafsir literal-gramatikal-historikal-kontekstual dan eksegesis, serta dengan mempertimbangkan bentuk sastra dari Mazmur didapatkan pemahaman bahwa masalah hati merupakan dasar dari munculnya pergumulan tentang kemakmuran orang fasik. Hati yang cemburu terhadap kemakmuran orang fasik seringkali menggoyahkan keyakinan orang beriman akan kebaikan Allah. Tetapi ketika orang beriman memiliki persekutuan yang intim dengan Allah, maka ada perspektif baru yang akan dibukakan oleh Allah tentang pergumulannya. Sesungguhnya Allah berdaulat atas hidup manusia. Akhir hidup orang fasik sudah ditentukan. Tetapi bagi orang beriman, penyertaan Tuhan adalah kebaikan yang tertinggi karena dengan penyertaan Tuhan hidup orang beriman akan selalu dalam pemeliharaan-Nya.
METADISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF AN ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT ARTICLE
Authors: Anuarsham Afiqah Humaira , Rahmat Noor Hanim , Khamsah Muhammad Adib Nazhan
Published: June 2020

In language structure, discourse is generally used by writers in their text to get readers to understand and comprehend the content of the written text. Metadiscourse is a specific class of language device used by writers to organize their text as well as manage the interactions or relations in some way with the reader of the text. By taking Hyland (2005) and Lakoff’s (1975) interactional metadiscourse model, this paper employs the data analysis driven method called document analysis to analyse the presence of interactional metadiscourse elements in an online entertainment article. Coding and frequency counting method are adopted to find out the sub-categories of respective four elements: Intensifiers, Hedges, Boosters, and Engagement Markers. The elements are interpreted as representing writers’ strategies to define the relationship between themselves, the reader and the topic. Consequently, it is found that the four elements of interactional metadiscourse are all deployed in the article text. The result of this study identifies that engagement markers is the most frequent interactional metadiscourse used by the author. This research may suggest entertainment online article employ the integration of interactional metadiscourse as effectively as other genre of online articles. It may be of value in understanding entertainment online genre for the development of the metadiscourse framework academically.

 

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Ideas and perspectives: Same Carbon Different Elements – An Insight into Position-Specific Isotope Patterns Within a Single Compound
Authors: He Yuyang , Cao Xiaobin , Bao Huiming
Published: June 2020

Abstract. It is expected that information on the source, reaction pathway, and kinetics of an organic compound can be obtained from its position-specific isotope compositions or intramolecular isotope distribution (Intra-ID). To retrieve the information, we could use its equilibrium Intra-ID as a reference for understanding the observed Intra-IDs. Historically, observed, apparently close-to-equilibrium carbon Intra-ID had prompted an open debate on the nature of biosystem and specifically the pervasiveness of reversible biochemical reactions. Much of the debates remain unresolved, and the discussion has not clearly distinguished two states of equilibrium: (1) the equilibrium among the bond-breaking/forming positions in reactant and product, and (2) the equilibrium among all carbon positions in a compound. For an organic molecule with multiple carbon positions, equilibrium carbon Intra-ID can be attained only when a specific reaction is in equilibrium and the sources of each position are also in equilibrium with each other. An Intra-ID provides limited information if the sources and pathways are both unconstrained. Here, we elaborate on this insight using examples of the Intra-IDs of hydroxyl-bearing minerals, N2O, and acetic acid. Research effort aiming at calibrating position-specific equilibrium and kinetic isotope fractionation factors for defined processes will help to interpret Intra-IDs of a compound accurately and fully.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Culture and History, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Johnson Bill
Published: June 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Culture and History, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2020
An Appraisal of Over-tourism on the Island of Crete, Greece
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: June 2020

Over-tourism is a multi-faced problem with severe economic, social and environmental consequences in tourist destinations. The island of Crete is an attractive and popular tourist destination in the Eastern Mediterranean basin and it is currently ranked among the ten most overcrowded EU tourism NUTS-2 regions. This fact could threaten and harm the fragile natural ecosystems in the island resulting in the decline of the prosperous tourism industry in the future. The aim of the current work is the estimation of various tourism indexes in the island of Crete which characterize over-tourism. Data regarding tourist arrivals and overnight stays in Crete in the previous years have been used for estimating the appropriate tourism indexes. Comparisons with other EU regions and with the average EU and global values have also been made. The possibility of creating a tourism observatory in Crete for tackling excess tourism has also been outlined. Our results indicate that Crete is categorized as an overcrowded tourism destination among EU regions while its tourism indexes are above the EU and global average. Cooperation among all stakeholders in the Cretan tourism industry is required in order to cope with over-tourism, shifting the local tourism industry towards a more sustainable and responsible model. The creation of a tourism observatory on the island with the participation of all tourism stakeholders is necessary. The observatory will assist in the development of the required policies offering guidance and advice for tackling excess tourism in Crete, avoiding economic, social and environmental degradation in the future.
Spiritual Vocation and Academic Satisfaction of Senior High School Student
Authors: Moneva Jerald C. , Campos Kem Angelo , Acibar Leo B.
Published: June 2020

Spiritual vocation is a broad concept that affects the human spirit or soul that collides the sense of connection to the people giving a bigger meaning in life. Vocation is a work that people feel to do, particularly people want to fulfill a particular role in life. Meanwhile, academic satisfaction is the whole experience of the students and also their expectation regarding to their academic reality. The study intends to assess the association between students’ spiritual vocation and academic satisfaction particularly to find out the students’ association between students’ spiritual vocation and students’ academic satisfaction. The study banked the theory proposed by John Holland titled Vocational Choice Theory and Alexander Astin titled Students Involvement Theory. This quantitative approach research used descriptive survey design used rating scale research instruments in gathering the data. The respondents of the study were the Senior High School Students with a total population of 245 but only 194 students acceded to answer. The researchers asked permission from the students to be the respondents of this research study using informed letter signed by the principal and teachers involved. The researchers provided answer sheets to the respondents to answer. The researcher gave instructions and discussed the purpose of the study before allowing the students to answer the survey questionnaires. The researchers gave at least 10 minutes to answer the questionnaire. The result of the study revealed that there is no association between the students’ spiritual vocation and academic satisfaction.
Epistemological Beliefs of Preservice Teachers
Authors: Baydar Aşkın
Published: June 2020

This study examined the epistemological beliefs of preservice teachers, from naïve to sophisticated, from five different departments of the faculty of education in a Turkish university. By using the adapted form of the Schommer Epistemological Questionnaire, social studies, science, Turkish, mathematics, and classroom preservice teachers were surveyed and their epistemological belief levels were determined in terms of department and gender variables. Epistemological beliefs were examined in three dimensions: beliefs that pertain to learning depending on effort, beliefs that pertain to learning depending on ability, and beliefs that pertain to there being only one unchanging truth. The analysis indicated that generally all in departments, preservice teachers have sophisticated beliefs regarding the first two dimensions of the questionnaire. For the third dimension, they seem be at medium level. The results show that for the second dimension females have more sophisticated beliefs than males. For the other two dimensions there was no significant difference between females and males. A significant difference was found only for the first dimension and only between mathematics and classroom preservice teachers.
The Career Development of the International Students from the Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Study Based on Grounded Theory
Authors: Peng Qiaoyin , Hu Yahui
Published: June 2020

Focusing on the phenomena of low person-post matching, professionalism mismatching and talents potential deficit emerging in the development process of the international students from the countries of the Belt and Road Initiative, this paper adopted the Grounded Theory as the research method and investigated the employment units along the routes, the employed international students who returned homeland as well as those who stayed in in China. Subject analysis, open coding and selective coding were applied as analysis methods to construct the mode of factors affecting career development of the international students in China. Based on the results, the author suggested that universities and colleges attach greater importance to career education of the Belt and Road Initiative international students in China, explore and set up a career development education system and occupational exploration platforms for countries along the route, develop a curriculum platform closely combined with Chinese culture, and build up a practical platform suitable for international students.