bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child-friendly school environment to ensure children’s welfare
Authors: Ambarsari Luthfiana , Harun Harun
Published: April 2019

The violence that occurs in the school is one of the problems that is still going on. The school and other stakeholders need to make efforts to minimize the occurrence of violence. So that, the children can study safely and comfortably in school. This research aimed to describe a child-friendly school environment in elementary school. The research procedure used qualitative phenomenological approach. The data collection technique was done by using observation method, interview, and documentation. With a child-friendly school environment, students will feel safe, comfortable, and prosperous.  Based on this study results concluded that to create a child-friendly school environment is to create a harmonious social environment of the school, which is a good relationship between the school community, parents of students as well as with other stakeholders. Then, it needs to pay attention to the physical environment of the school, which is related to the condition of school buildings, as well as school infrastructure that supports child-friendly school environment should be secured and can fulfill the students needs
A simple switching on-time calculation revision in multilevel inverter-space vector modulation to achieving extended voltage boundary operation
Authors: C. Bharatiraja , Pongiannan R.K. , Yusuff Adedayo , Tariq Mohd , Maddileti Telugu , Tharwinkumar Tharwinkumar
Published: April 2019

In inverters’ pulse width modulation techniques (PWM) the Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) is a smart contestant due to its direct control in nature with variables which provide the straight forward finds to each inverter switching vector. The industrial drives are acquainting to use SVPWM owing extended speed –torque region operations. However, the extended SVPWM operation is uses much mathematical calculation to predict the switching on-times, which demands high digital platform.  In order to reduce this calculation in this paper a simple on-time calculation based SVPWM is proposed. The proposed SVPWM is developed for three-level multilevel inverter and the space perspective of vector analysis are established and explained. The over modulation enhances the proper power utilization capacity of voltage source inverter thereby improve the inverter output voltage and load. This proposed method tailed the similar mathematical practice as conventional two-level SVPWM for calculating sector identification and triangle determination. The approach finds the circular and hexagonal boundary on-time based on the straightforward reference vector position identification and calculates directly the switching pulse patterns for the inverter devices using an expression based on the definition of the duty cycle. The performance of the proposed SVM is simulated by MATLAB 11.b simulation software and validated with laboratory setup 2 kW, 12 switch neutral point clamped (NPC)-MLI fed 1.5 HP squirrel cage 3-phase induction motor open loop v/f control drive. The simulation and experimental results are closure and confirming the advantages of the proposed SVM method. The proposed scheme can be extended to n-level inverter and also applicable to cascaded H-bridge topology.
Odonate Communities of the Sucupira Reservoir, Rio Uberabinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Marcela Silva , Borges Lucas Rodrigues , Diogo Diogo Silva , Venâncio Henrique , Santos Jean Carlos
Published: April 2019

Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) are widely distributed among freshwater ecosystems of tropical and temperate environments. They are also particularly sensitive to anthropogenic changes. The objective of this study was to inventory the odonate fauna of a section of the Sucupira Reservoir on Rio Uberabinha, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to document the species composition of the odonate fauna during the dry and rainy seasons. The study also aimed to describe the distribution of the sampled species in Brazilian states. Sampling took place in August and September of 2017 (dry season) and in February and March of 2018 (rainy season), and recorded 860 individuals of 43 species belonging to 26 genera and six families. Six new records representing the families Gomphidae, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae were recorded for the state of Minas Gerais. Seventeen species were collected only during the rainy season and eight only during the dry season, while 18 species were found in both seasons. The rainy season had greater abundance, with four times as many individuals as the dry season. This study increases the number of records for Odonata in the Minas Gerais state, and reinforces the trend for greater predominance of this group during the rainy season in this biome.
Pequena semiótica da memória
Authors: Barros Mariana Luz Pessoa de
Published: April 2019

A partir das contribuições da gramática tensiva, proposta por Jacques Fontanille e Claude Zilberberg, o artigo examina a produtividade das noções de campo de presença e acontecimento para o estudo dos discursos autobiográficos. Com essa finalidade, observa os possíveis entrelaçamentos entre memória e percepção em Pequenas memórias (2006), de José Saramago, e retoma as noções de memória do acontecido e memória-acontecimento, desenvolvidas em trabalhos anteriores, para explicar as gradações do impacto da obra sobre o enunciatário (leitor pressuposto). Enquanto a memória do acontecido privilegia a legibilidade do texto, produzindo sobre o enunciatário o efeito de distanciamento e conforto; a memória-acontecimento captura-o por meio do impacto.
Bases do pensamento tensivo
Authors: Tatit Luiz
Published: April 2019

O autor revela algumas das etapas decisivas que marcaram o ingresso do pensamento tensivo na semiótica greimasiana. O principal sujeito dessa narrativa foi o francês Claude Zilberberg, que soube reger o contraponto da semiotização fundada pelo teórico lituano com a temporalização praticada por Paul Valéry, com a ideia de acentuação preconizada em Ernst Cassirer e ainda com a musicalização encontrada em Gisèle Brelet. Passo a passo, Zilberberg foi chegando a uma gramática tensiva, na qual articulam-se intensidade (força afetiva) e extensidade (campo de abrangência dos fatos) e, ao mesmo tempo, a uma gramática da espera que responde pela coexistência dos conceitos antagônicos, incluindo evidentemente seus próprios conceitos contrários, como o “acontecimento” e a “surpresa”.
Validação do instrumento "Acompanhamento Psicanalítico de Crianças em Escolas, Grupos e Instituições" (APEGI)
Authors: Kupfer Maria Cristina Machado , Bernardino Leda Mariza Fischer , Pesaro Maria Eugênia
Published: April 2019

No presente artigo, apresentam-se os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa para a validação do instrumento APEGI – Acompanhamento Psicanalítico de Crianças em Escolas, Grupos e Instituições. Construído com base na teoria psicanalítica, o APEGI busca proceder a uma leitura psicanalítica do processo de constituição subjetiva articulado ao desenvolvimento da criança, considerando ainda a relação da criança com seus pares a partir da noção de função do semelhante. O APEGI foi aplicado a uma amostra de 60 crianças entre 4 e 6 anos de idade. Os primeiros resultados mostram um bom índice de precisão ou confiabilidade do instrumento, além de apontarem que o instrumento vai em direção ao esperado para sua validação.
Conhecimento e desejo nas formulações infantis
Authors: Anacleto Julia Maria Borges
Published: April 2019

Tese de Doutorado na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo.
Le sport à l’époque romaine.
Authors: Rolland Yves Philippe
Published: April 2019

Les clichés relatifs à l’Antiquité ont d‘une part tendance à opposer l’austère paysan-soldat romain au bel athlète grec, et d’autre part à présenter le Romain comme un spectateur, et non pas pratiquant d’une activité sportive. En s’appuyant sur les sources littéraires, iconographiques, archéologiques, et par le biais d’une synthèse bibliographique, ce travail a pour but de présenter un aperçu des activités dites « sportives » à l’époque romaine, vérifier si leurs origines sont véritablement grecques et voir la manière dont le « sport » était pratiqué dans l’empire société.
Cardiac Troponin T and Troponin I in the General Population
Authors: Welsh Paul , Preiss David , Hayward Caroline , Shah Anoop S.V. , McAllister David , Briggs Andrew , Boachie Charles , McConnachie Alex , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Welsh Claire , Woodward Mark , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Mills Nicholas L. , Sattar Naveed
Published: April 2019

Background:

There is great interest in widening the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins for population cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure screening. However, it is not clear whether cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) are equivalent measures of risk in this setting. We aimed to compare and contrast (1) the association of cTnT and cTnI with CVD and non-CVD outcomes, and (2) their determinants in a genome-wide association study.

Methods:

High-sensitivity cTnT and cTnI were measured in serum from 19 501 individuals in Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study. Median follow-up was 7.8 years (quartile 1 to quartile 3, 7.1–9.2). Associations of each troponin with a composite CVD outcome (1177 events), CVD death (n=266), non-CVD death (n=374), and heart failure (n=216) were determined by using Cox models. A genome-wide association study was conducted using a standard approach developed for the cohort.

Results:

Both cTnI and cTnT were strongly associated with CVD risk in unadjusted models. After adjusting for classical risk factors, the hazard ratio for a 1 SD increase in log transformed troponin was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.17–1.32) and 1.11 (1.04–1.19) for cTnI and cTnT, respectively; ratio of hazard ratios 1.12 (1.04–1.21). cTnI, but not cTnT, was associated with myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Both cTnI and cTnT had strong associations with CVD death and heart failure. By contrast, cTnT, but not cTnI, was associated with non-CVD death; ratio of hazard ratios 0.77 (0.67–0.88). We identified 5 loci (53 individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms) that had genome-wide significant associations with cTnI, and a different set of 4 loci (4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) for cTnT.

Conclusions:

The upstream genetic causes of low-grade elevations in cTnI and cTnT appear distinct, and their associations with outcomes also differ. Elevations in cTnI are more strongly associated with some CVD outcomes, whereas cTnT is more strongly associated with the risk of non-CVD death. These findings help inform the selection of an optimal troponin assay for future clinical care and research in this setting.
Using Negotiation Sites for Richer Collection of Network Data
Authors: Paterson Matthew
Published: April 2019

Global environmental governance (GEG) is widely recognized as particularly networked. And negotiation sites are sites not only of formal decision-making processes but also of intense networking by various actors. Use of formal social network analysis to analyze both networked governance and governance networks in global environmental politics has to date mostly rested on relatively easy-to-get data, such as membership in formal organizations or treaties. These analyses give useful broad-brush analyses to help think about the social structure of environmental governance, but relatively limited inferences can be drawn about key processes that network analysis can help understand, such as learning, diffusion, and other forms of institutional interaction. This article proposes how to advance the value of the method in the field by focusing on the personal networks of actors who make up the decision-making processes in GEG. Negotiation sites could thus become important sites for collection of data about these networks, through direct observation of interactions, intensive short interviews, and surveys, in particular.
Adenophora xiaoxiensis (Campanulaceae), an Endangered Species from China
Authors: YI XIN-YU , XIE DAN , ZHANG CHENG , WANG YU-QIN , KANG YONG-QUAN , SUBEDEE BIJAY RAJ , ZHANG DAI-GUI
Published: April 2019

Adenophora xiaoxiensis (Campanulaceae), a new species from central China is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid regions trnL-F and matK) and morphology support recognition of A. xiaoxiensis as a distinct species sister to A. wilsonii. Adenophora xiaoxiensis has ovate-elliptic to broadly lanceolate cauline leaves with irregularly biserrate margins, triangular-ovate calyx lobes with 1-3 pairs subulate or linear teeth and a white corolla. About 70 individuals were observed in a restricted area of less than 100 m2. The habitat could be easily disturbed or destroyed, thus, we assessed it as endangered (EN), based on Criteria D of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Categories.
First record of the tribe Eugnomini Lacordaire, 1863 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Fiji with description of Pactola fiji sp. n.
Authors: MAZUR MIŁOSZ A.
Published: April 2019

Pactola fiji sp. n. is the first species from the tribe Eugnomini described from the Fiji Archipelago. A description, with illustrations and data about the general distribution of the genus, are provided. The genus Pactola Pascoe, 1876 now contains eleven species distributed on New Zealand, New Caledonia and Taevuni Island (Fiji Archipelago).
Two new species of the South African endemic bee genus Rediviva Friese (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)
Authors: KUHLMANN MICHAEL
Published: April 2019

Two new species of the genus Rediviva from South Africa are described to facilitate further research on this iconic group of oil-collecting bees: R. steineri sp. nov. ♀ and Rediviva whiteheadi sp. nov. ♀♂. Notomelitta tropicalis Cockerell 1934 syn. nov., that was erroneously transferred to the genus Rediviva, is recognized as a new junior synonym of Andrena africana Friese 1909.
Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora-complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea
Authors: SURUGIU VICTOR
Published: April 2019

The taxonomic, morphological, biological, behavioural and ecological characteristics of three species of spionid poly-chaetes from the Black Sea belonging to the Polydora-complex are summarised and discussed on the basis of the author′scollections along Romanian coasts as well as on material from other parts of the Black Sea. It is apparent that at least twospecies have been included under the name′Polydora ciliata′ in the Black Sea literature. All previous records of Polydorathat bore into calcareous substrates are most likely Polydora websteri. The individuals building muddy tubes on all typesof substrata at depths less than 20 m, previously identified as P. ciliata or P. limicola, are P. cornuta. The presence of trueP. ciliata in the Black Sea is questionable and older records must be re-evaluated. Dipolydora quadrilobata is a new recordfor the Romanian coast of the Black Sea, and has established dense populations in deeper (>30 m) soft bottom sediments.Descriptions and figures of these species, as well as a key to actual species of the Polydora-complex occurring in the Black Sea, are provided.
Isophya nagyi, a new phaneropterid bush-cricket (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from the Eastern Carpathians (Caliman Mountains, North Romania)
Authors: SZÖVÉNYI GERGELY , PUSKÁS GELLÉRT , ORCI KIRILL MÁRK
Published: April 2019

This study describes Isophya nagyi sp. n. from the Caliman Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). This species wasdiscovered on the basis of the special rhythmic pattern of its male calling song. Regarding morphology Isophya nagyi issimilar to the species of the Isophya camptoxypha species-group (I. ciucasi, I. sicula, I. posthumoidalis, I. camptoxypha),however the male stridulatory file contains more stridulatory pegs (105–130) compared to the other members of thespecies group (50–80 pegs). Calling males produce a long sequence of evenly repeated syllables (repetition rate variesbetween 60–80 syllables at 21–24o C), and most importantly syllables are composed of three characteristic impulse groupscontrary to songs of the other species where syllables are composed of two elements or the song consists of two syllabletypes. Besides the description of the basic morphological features and pair-forming acoustic signals of the new species, a calling song based key is given for the I. camptoxypha species group.
Revision of the genus Polyeunoa McIntosh, 1885 (Polychaeta, Polynoidae)
Authors: BARNICH RUTH , GAMBI MARIA CRISTINA , FIEGE DIETER
Published: April 2019

Long-bodied polynoids, like Polyeunoa laevis McIntosh, 1885 and similar species which are often associated with cold-water corals, are regularly reported from Antarctic, Subantarctic and adjacent cold-temperate waters. The taxonomy ofthese species is confused and has been subject to various discussions in the past. For the revision presented here weexamined the available type material and additional specimens of the following species: Polynoe antarctica Kinberg,1858, Polyeunoa laevis McIntosh, 1885, Enipo rhombigera Ehlers, 1908, Hololepidella flynni Benham, 1921, Polyeunoedubia Hartmann-Schröder, 1965, Polyeunoa monroi Averincev, 1978, and Polynoe thouarellicola Hartmann-Schröder,1989. As a result we consider Polyeunoa laevis McIntosh, 1885, Parapolyeunoa flynni (Benham, 1921) n. comb., andNeopolynoe antarctica (Kinberg, 1858) n. comb. as valid species. Enipo rhombigera Ehlers, 1908, Polyeunoe dubiaHartmann-Schröder, 1965, and Polynoe thouarellicola Hartmann-Schröder, 1989 are junior synonyms of Polyeunoalaevis. Polyeunoa monroi Averincev, 1978 is a junior synonym of Hololepidella flynni Benham, 1921 for which the newgenus Parapolyeunoa n. gen. is erected. Polynoe antarctica Kinberg, 1858 is transferred to the genus NeopolynoeLoshamn, 1981 and represents the third known species within this genus. Three comprehensive tables illustrating the distinctive characters of the considered genera and species are given to facilitate the identification of the valid species.Keywordstaxonomy, Polyeunoa, Parapolyeunoa n. gen., Neopolynoe, Southern Ocean, SOAP workshop, cold-water corals
The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area
Authors: RODRIGUEZ CAROLINA S. , MIRANDA THAÍS P. , MARQUES ANTONIO C. , MIANZAN HERMES , GENZANO GABRIEL
Published: April 2019

The genus Hybocodon includes seven species, two of which (H. prolifer and H. unicus) have been recorded in the south-western Atlantic. These reports were based on the medusa stage and only a few diagnostic characters were described, ren-dering some of these records rather doubtful. Additionally, H. prolifer has a boreal distribution, suggesting that the reportsof this species from the southern hemisphere could correspond to other Hybocodon species. Recently, we sampled benthicand planktonic specimens of Hybocodon in the southwestern Atlantic and two species were identified: polyps andmedusae of Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905, and medusae of Hybocodon unicus (Browne, 1902). These samples al-lowed us to review and discuss the geographical distribution and validity of previous records of Hybocodon species forthis area. We conclude that H. chilensis and H. unicus are the only Hybocodon species presently known for the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
Dates of publication and the organisation of Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y.
Published: April 2019

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst (b. 1743, d. 1807) published an early treatise on carcinology entitled Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen Arten in three Bände (= volumes, singular Band) between 1782 and 1804 (Herbst 1782–1790, 1791–1796, 1799–1804; Table 1). Each Band is comprised of four to eight Hefte (= issues or parts; singular Heft) (Table 1).
Periaeschna yazhenae sp. nov. from Fujian, China (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae)
Authors: XU QI-HAN
Published: April 2019

A new species of the genus Periaeschna Martin, P. yazhenae sp. nov. from Fujian, China is described, illustrated and diagnosed from its congeners. Description of the final stadium larva of the new species is also provided. The new species is closely similar to P. zhangzhouensis Xu 2007 due to the high similarity of anal appendages, but is easy to separate from that species by the following characters: distal 1/4 of cercus narrowest and with truncated apex; abdominal segments 1–9 with simpler and less developed dorsal markings and with more complicated and more developed ventrolateral and ventral markings; and wings tinted with brownish-black at extreme base.
A Survey for Weather Communicators: Twitter and Information Channel Preferences
Authors: Eachus Joshua D. , Keim Barry D.
Published: April 2019

It has been almost a decade since researchers assessed user preferences in gathering weather information. Maturing channels and increasingly mobile audiences necessitate the need for understanding what channels people use for weather information, what information people want, and how they react to specific content—especially potentially life-saving warnings. Furthermore, geographically compartmentalizing this information will allow communication strategies to be tailored to a more localized audience. As an initiative to this effort, a survey of digitally connected Louisianians found different channel preferences than were found in previous studies. Beyond this study, future research should seek to identify regional preferences since the last broad study on this topic nearly 10 years ago. In the survey, information preferences are collected with Twitter as the focal point, but other channels are included as choices to assess overall user preference. As older channels such as television decline in preference, mobile telephone applications are disrupting previous literature by quickly gaining popularity while studies on their utility remain in short supply. Results show that user channel preferences do not necessarily align with those that best serve weather communication efforts. Facebook, a channel notoriously problematic from a chronology standpoint, is favored by many respondents. On Twitter, there is a disconnect in the type of information respondents report wanting and what type of information generates a response. Interest in warning messages was not coincident with the threat posed by that specific type of weather. The format—wording and construction—of warning messages that generated the most response on Twitter does not align with extensive literature on proper risk communication.
Correlation Between Hemorheologic Parameters and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Stroke
Authors: Mercuri Michele , Orecchini Giuliana , Susta Adelaide , Tazza Domenico , Ciuffetti Giovanni
Published: April 2019

An evaluation of the hemorheologic parameters and an ultrasonographic study of the extracranial carotid tract were performed on 48 patients, age range: sixty to seventy-five years, affected by acute stroke, 23 of whom had hypertension, while 27 were smokers. None of them was suffering from hyperli pidemia, diabetes mellitus, or symptomatic coronary heart or peripheral artery disease.

The echotomographic analysis, using B-mode real-time echotomography re vealed atherosclerotic lesions in 26 patients. The hemorheologic pattern (hema tocrit, fibrinogen, whole blood filterability, whole blood and plasma viscosity) was determined in all the patients three months after the clinical event.

Statistical analysis of the results indicates a possible link between athero sclerotic lesions of the extracranial carotid tract and age, fibrinogen levels, and whole blood filterability.
Sinonasal Disease in Total Laryngectomy Patients
Authors: Patel Vijay A. , Pool Christopher D. , Dunklebarger Mitchell , Schaefer Eric , Goyal Neerav
Published: April 2019

Objective:

Total laryngectomy (TL) results in complete abolition of nasal airflow, with notable pathologic alterations of the intranasal mucosa, mucociliary clearance, and nasal cycle. Despite these observed morphological changes, it remains unclear whether this subpopulation of patients experiences clinically significant sinonasal disease. The goal of this study was to identify rhinosinusitis in TL patients using radiographic imaging.

Methods:

An Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective review (January 2005-July 2017) identified 50 patients who underwent radiographic imaging before and after TL. The Lund-Mackay Staging System (LM) was applied to 197 surveillance computed tomography scans. Surveyed patients also underwent investigation of current sinonasal symptomatology using the SNOT-22 questionnaire. Simple linear regression was modeled to LM scores; tests of statistical significance were estimated via the method of Kenward and Roger.

Results:

The mean age was 62.4 years, with a 5:1 male-to-female ratio. The mean SNOT-22 score was 27.4 (range, 5-33). A median of 3 scans was obtained, 49% within 12 months after TL. The mean (± standard deviation) postoperative LM score was 2.7 ± 3.97 points (range, 0-19). For every 1 month after TL, postoperative LM was +0.01 point ( P = .49). Conversely, for every +1 point in preoperative LM, postoperative LM was +1.08 points ( P < .001). Two patients required functional endoscopic sinus surgery after TL for persistent sinonasal disease.

Conclusions:

Preoperative sinonasal disease burden likely plays an important role in the development of clinically significant rhinosinusitis in TL patients. Correlating radiographic findings to validated outcome measures remains a critical aspect of determining optimal surgical candidates; this arena is still under investigation in this unique patient cohort.
Low-Skilled Employment in a New Immigration Regime: Challenges and Opportunities for Business Transitions
Authors: Green Anne
Published: April 2019

In an era of free movement UK employers have had ready access to a supply of labour from the European Union to fill low-skilled jobs. This has enabled them to adopt business models, operating within broader supply chains, that take advantage of this source of labour and the flexibility that many migrant workers – especially those who are new arrivals to the UK – are prepared to offer them. Drawing mainly on evidence from employers on the role of migrant workers in selected sectors with a substantial proportion of low-skilled jobs, this article explores the challenges and opportunities they face in transitioning to a new post-Brexit immigration regime.
A Comparison of Software Packages Available for DINA Model Estimation
Authors: Sen Sedat , Terzi Ragip
Published: April 2019

This article provides a review of software packages for fitting maximum likelihood estimation of the deterministic input, noisy “and” gate (DINA) model. Six software packages—flexMIRT, Latent GOLD, mdltm, Mplus, OxEdit, and R—are considered. Each package is reviewed regarding data manipulation, statistical capabilities, output, and documentation. The results of these packages are compared using a sample data set and a Q-matrix. The article aims to give the reader a summary of the different capabilities of each package.
Preparation of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite by in situ intercalation polymerization and their application in anti-corrosion coatings
Authors: Li Yiyi , Xu Yiting , Wang Shicheng , Wang Hongchao , Li Meng , Dai Lizong
Published: April 2019

This study reports a strategy for further simplifying the synthesis process of polyaniline-modified graphene (An/G) nanocomposite. For this purpose, the An/G nanocomposite was prepared by expanded graphite (EG) and aniline (An) via in situ polymerization. The structures and morphologies of the An/G nanocomposite were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that the An/G nanocomposite was synthesized successfully. The coatings were prepared using polyaniline (PANI) and An/G as the fillers and epoxy resin as the matrix. The anti-corrosion performance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarization curve and salt immersion test. When An/G100 nanocomposite with a mass ratio of An to EG of 100:1 as a filler is used, the coating on the steel exhibited superior anti-corrosion effect. In particular, the impedance at 0.01 Hz of the coating with the An/G100 nanocomposite at a low loading of 2 wt% (An/G100-2) remained constant above 1 × 1010 Ω·cm2 for up to 35 days in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution. The Tafel plots reveal that the undamaged zone of the An/G100-2 coating possessed a high corrosion potential of −0.16 V, and the corrosion current density was only 1.5 × 10−11 A cm−2. The protective mechanism of graphene and PANI is discussed.
Permanent magnet thrust bearings for flywheel energy storage systems: Analytical, numerical, and experimental comparisons
Authors: Dagnaes-Hansen Nikolaj A , Santos Ilmar F
Published: April 2019

A new type of flywheel energy storage system uses a magnetic suspension where the axial load is provided solely by permanent magnets, whereas active magnetic bearings are only used for radial stabilization. This means that the permanent magnet bearing must provide all the axial damping. Furthermore, it must have as low a negative radial stiffness as possible to reduce the workload on the radial active magnetic bearings. Many different mathematical models for determining force, stiffness, and damping of permanent magnet bearings are available in the literature. This work will further develop the most applicable analytical and numerical methods in order to make them directly implementable for designing permanent magnet thrust bearings for flywheel energy storage systems. The outcome is a fast and efficient method for determining force, stiffness, and damping when the bearing setup contains magnetic materials with relative permeability higher than one as well as when it does not. The developed method is validated against numerical and experimental results with good agreement.
Coupling of inverse method and cuckoo search algorithm for multiobjective optimization design of an axial flow pump
Authors: Chikh Mohamed Abdessamed Ait , Belaidi Idir , Khelladi Sofiane , Hamrani Abderrachid , Bakir Farid
Published: April 2019

This work describes the application of a multiobjective cuckoo search method for turbomachinery design optimization of an axial pump. Maximization of the total efficiency and minimization of the required net positive suction head of the pump are the two objective functions considered for the optimization problem. The optimization process is carried out on a range of imposed volumetric flow rates, with taking into account at each discretized radius between the hub and tip of the rotor: the profile camber, rotor wall thickness, angular deviation, and the solidity, regarded as geometrical constraints and nominal flow rate as mechanical constraint. Two strategies are proposed in order to solve the problem. In the first one, three forms of mono-objective model with two variables, total efficiency and net positive suction head, are considered. In the second one, a multiobjective model with nondominated sorting scheme is adopted. A comparative evaluation of results obtained from the proposed approach with those of a reference machine and genetic algorithm allowed us to validate the present work.
Data-Based Individualization in Reading: Tips for Successful Implementation
Authors: Lindström Esther R. , Gesel Samantha A. , Lemons Christopher J.
Published: April 2019

Students with severe and persistent academic or behavioral challenges may benefit from data-based individualization (DBI). Starting with an evidence-based standard protocol and systematic progress monitoring, teachers can evaluate growth and implement individualized interventions to meet students’ needs. Specifically, this article addresses the systematic use of student data to determine content and pacing for intensive reading instruction. Insights from implementing this approach with struggling first grade readers in Tier 3 of an RTI framework are provided. Evidence-based standard protocols, strategic data collection and management, and team collaboration are crucial elements for successful implementation.
The influence of native English-speaking environment on Akan-English bilinguals’ production of English inter-dental fricatives
Authors: Kpogo Felix , Gathercole Virginia C Mueller
Published: April 2019

Aims and Objectives:

This study examined how age of acquisition, immersion in a native English-speaking environment, and phonological environment influence Akan-English bilinguals’ production of English inter-dental fricatives.

Design/Methodology:

Forty-five Akan-English bilinguals who immigrated to the USA between the ages of 10 and 64 participated. English inter-dental fricatives occurring in word-initial, intervocalic, and word-final positions were elicited through a production task using sentence frames. Accuracy of production was analyzed relative to age of acquisition, relative length of immersion, and phonological environment.

Findings/Conclusion:

Performance was better overall on the voiceless than the voiced inter-dental, but the phonological environment mattered: performance was at ceiling for both in the medial position, but less good in the initial and final positions. Early age of acquisition conspired with length of residence in the USA to foster better production for both sounds. However, substitutions for target segments were still observed in the most fluent speakers. These results indicate that in determining speakers’ proficiency in the second language, we must consider all of these factors—phonological environment, age of acquisition, and length of stay—together to gain a comprehensive picture of development.

Originality:

Few studies have examined Ghanaian speakers’ English, even though English is the official language of Ghana. Further, previous studies on second-language speakers’ abilities with inter-dental fricatives have largely focused on word-initial environments. The present study reveals that distinct phonological environments may not show the same effect. Here, speakers were particularly accurate in intervocalic positions.

Significance:

This study contributes to theoretical debates concerning the roles of input and age of acquisition for second-language learning. It also provides insights on some of the possible hurdles that second-language learners face as they strive to acquire additional languages, which can assist second-language teachers in designing appropriate methodologies to help learners.
Structure design and motion analysis of a modular robot with minimal vibration
Authors: Kaiyuan Liu , Linyun Dai , Jiangbei Wang , Meng Chen , Yanqiong Fei
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a serial reconfigurable modular robot is presented. Each module is a cubic structure. Each surface of this cube has a connection interface. It has three rotational degrees of freedom, which are distributed along the three directions of its local coordinate system. A new and reliable docking mechanism is designed to realize the connection among adjacent modules. With the novel structure, the vibration of the modular robot is negligible. Then, based on the characteristics of the module, an eigenvector to describe the state information of a single module and an adjacency matrix to express the topology structure of a multi-module system are defined. Based on the screw theory, a kinematic model of the serial modular robot is proposed. Using an exponential product formula, the modular expressions of the kinematic equations are obtained automatically. According to the motion characteristics of each module and the structure characteristics of the modular robot, we can simplify the module which provides redundant degrees of freedom to a connecting rod. This method can reduce the complexity of solving the inverse kinematic solution. To solve the inverse kinematics automatically, we decompose it into two sub-motion models and propose the conditions of applying the subproblem method. Finally, a simulation by MATLAB is used to verify the correctness of the automatic generation of the forward and inverse kinematics.
Compressive-sensing data reconstruction for structural health monitoring: a machine-learning approach
Authors: Bao Yuequan , Tang Zhiyi , Li Hui
Published: April 2019

Compressive sensing has been studied and applied in structural health monitoring for data acquisition and reconstruction, wireless data transmission, structural modal identification, and spare damage identification. The key issue in compressive sensing is finding the optimal solution for sparse optimization. In the past several years, many algorithms have been proposed in the field of applied mathematics. In this article, we propose a machine learning–based approach to solve the compressive-sensing data-reconstruction problem. By treating a computation process as a data flow, the solving process of compressive sensing–based data reconstruction is formalized into a standard supervised-learning task. The prior knowledge, i.e. the basis matrix and the compressive sensing–sampled signals, is used as the input and the target of the network; the basis coefficient matrix is embedded as the parameters of a certain layer; and the objective function of conventional compressive sensing is set as the loss function of the network. Regularized by l1-norm, these basis coefficients are optimized to reduce the error between the original compressive sensing–sampled signals and the masked reconstructed signals with a common optimization algorithm. In addition, the proposed network is able to handle complex bases, such as a Fourier basis. Benefiting from the nature of a multi-neuron layer, multiple signal channels can be reconstructed simultaneously. Meanwhile, the disassembled use of a large-scale basis makes the method memory-efficient. A numerical example of multiple sinusoidal waves and an example of field-test wireless data from a suspension bridge are carried out to illustrate the data-reconstruction ability of the proposed approach. The results show that high reconstruction accuracy can be obtained by the machine learning–based approach. In addition, the parameters of the network have clear meanings; the inference of the mapping between input and output is fully transparent, making the compressive-sensing data-reconstruction neural network interpretable.
Patienthood and participation in the digital era
Authors: Erikainen Sonja , Pickersgill Martyn , Cunningham-Burley Sarah , Chan Sarah
Published: April 2019

The ‘digital era’ of informatics and knowledge integration has changed the roles and experiences of patients, research participants and health consumers. No longer figured (merely) as passive recipients of healthcare services or as beneficiaries of top-down biomedical information, individuals are increasingly seen as active contributors in healthcare and research. They are positioned into multiple roles that are experienced simultaneously by those who access and co-produce digital content that can easily be transformed into data. This is contextualised by ‘big data’ technologies that have altered biomedicine, enabling collation and analysis of myriad data from digitised records to personal mobile data. Social media facilitate new formations of communities and knowledge enacted online, while novel kinds of commercial value emerge from digital networks that enable health data commodification. In this paper, we draw from exemplary digital era shifts towards participatory medicine to cast light on the rapprochements between patienthood, participation and consumption, and we explore how these rapprochements are mediated by, and materialise through, the use of participatory digital technologies and big data. We argue that there is a need to use new conceptual tools that account for the multiple roles and experiences of patient–participant–consumers that co-emerge through digital technologies. We must also ethically re-assess the rights and responsibilities of individuals in the digital era, and the implications of digital era changes for the future of biomedicine and healthcare.
Tracheostomy Care Education for the Nonsurgical First Responder: A Needs‐Based Assessment and Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Mehta Kinneri , Schwartz Marissa , Falcone Todd E. , Kavanagh Katherine R.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To perform a needs‐based assessment for tracheostomy care education for nonsurgical first responders in the hospital setting and to implement and assess the efficacy of a targeted tracheostomy educational program.

Methods

A prospective observational study conducted between October 2017 and May 2018 including emergency medicine (EM) residents, internal medicine (IM) residents, and intensive care unit (ICU) advanced practice providers at 2 tertiary hospitals. Needs‐based assessments were conducted, leading to specialty specific curricula. One‐hour educational sessions included didactics and case‐based simulation. A pre‐ and posttest objective knowledge quiz and self‐assessment were administered, and a posttest was repeated at 6 months.

Results

There were 85 participants (13 ICU, 40 EM, 32 IM). Significant improvement (P <. 05) in mean objective knowledge score was seen across all groups between pre‐ and postintervention assessments with relative but not significant improvement at 6 months. There were significant increases in comfort level from pre‐ to postintervention. At 6‐month follow‐up, comfort level remained significantly increased for the majority of questions for the EM group and for select questions for IM and ICU advanced practice provider groups.

Discussion

Nonsurgeons are often first responders to critical airway situations yet receive limited formal education regarding tracheostomy. We demonstrated improvement in knowledge and comfort after a targeted educational module for tracheostomy care and management.

Implications for Practice

Although tracheostomy care is multidisciplinary, specialty‐specific education may provide a more relevant foundation on which to build skills. Prompt and effective management of tracheostomy emergencies by first responders may improve patient safety and reduce mortality.
Plant responses to fire in a Mexican arid shrubland
Authors: Rodríguez-Trejo Dante Arturo , Pausas Juli G. , Miranda-Moreno Andrés Gelacio
Published: April 2019

Background

Fire responses of species in arid environments have only been scarcely studied. We studied four species (Dasyliron lucidum Zucc., Juniperus deppeana Steud., Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto, and Agave potatorum Zucc.) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. The objectives were to describe and quantify survival and resprouting, as well as the factors determining them, for the selected species. Six months after a 330 ha wildfire in 2014, 32 plots were established on three transects. Forest dasometric and fire severity variables were recorded. Logistic regression was utilized to obtain mortality and resprouting probability models, as well as linear regression to detect relationships among post- and pre-fire variables.

Results

All species had high survival rates (74.5 to 97.7%). All surviving D. lucidum individuals resprouted apically. For J. deppeana, the probability of mortality was directly related to fire scar height on the trunk and inversely related to its diameter, whereas the probability of crown recovery was inversely related to the proportion of the tree height scorch. For E. platyacanthus, necrosed height was directly related to plant height. There was a positive relationship between basal area and the emission of new leaves for the A. potatorum.

Conclusions

In the different species, several traits that allowed high fire survival rates were observed (e.g., thick cortex or bark, fleshy non-flammable leaves, flammable leaves that reduce fire intensity, high volume to surface ratio). Many of these were primarily linked to drought resistance. All species gain fire resistance or tolerance as they increase in size. We concluded that the studied arid ecosystem of Mexico can withstand an altered or a base fire regime.
Predatory posture and performance in a precocious larval fish targeting evasive copepods
Authors: Fashingbauer Mary C. , Tuttle Lillian J. , Robinson H. Eve , Strickler J. Rudi , Hartline Daniel K. , Lenz Petra H.
Published: April 2019

Predatory fishes avoid detection by prey through a stealthy approach, followed by a rapid and precise fast-start strike. While many first-feeding fish larvae strike at non-evasive prey using an S-start, the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris feeds on highly evasive calanoid copepods from a J-shaped position, beginning 1 day post-hatch (dph). We quantified this unique strike posture by observing successful predatory interactions between larval clownfish (1 to 14 dph) and three developmental stages of the calanoid copepod Bestiolina similis. The J-shaped posture of clownfish became less tightly curled (more L-shaped) during larval development. Larvae were also less tightly curled when targeting adult copepods, which are more evasive than younger copepod stages. Strike performance, measured as time-to-capture and peak speed, improved only slightly with larval age. Therefore, the J-posture may allow first-feeding larvae to minimize disturbance during their approach of sensitive prey, and may represent an alternative predatory strategy to the prototypical S-start.
Robust Repositioning for Vehicle Sharing
Authors: He Long , Hu Zhenyu , Zhang Meilin
Published: April 2019

Problem definition: In this paper, we study the fleet repositioning problem for a free-float vehicle sharing system, aiming to dynamically match the vehicle supply and travel demand at the lowest total cost of repositioning and lost sales. Academic/practical relevance: Besides the analytical results on the optimal repositioning policy, the proposed optimization framework is applicable to practical problems by its computational efficiency as well as the capability to handle temporally dependent demands. Methodology: We first formulate the problem as a stochastic dynamic program. To solve for a multiregion system, we deploy the distributionally robust optimization (DRO) approach that can incorporate demand temporal dependence, motivated by real data. We first propose a “myopic” two-stage DRO model that serves as both an illustration of the DRO framework and a benchmark for the later multistage model. We then develop a computationally efficient multistage DRO model with an enhanced linear decision rule (ELDR). Results: Under a two-region system, we find a simple reposition up-to and down-to policy to be optimal, when the demands are temporally independent. Such a structure is also preserved by our ELDR solution. We also provide new analytical insights by proving the optimality of ELDR in solving the single-period DRO problem. We then show that the numerical performance of the ELDR solution is close to the exact optimal solution from the dynamic program. Managerial implications: In a real-world case study of car2go, we quantify the “value of repositioning” and compare with several benchmarks to demonstrate that the ELDR solutions are computationally scalable and in general result in lower cost with less frequent repositioning. We also explore several managerial implications and extensions from the experiments.