bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In plain sight? Reconsidering the linkage between brideprice and violent conflict
Authors: Cook Scott J , Thies Cameron G
Published: August 2019

Persistent brideprice inflation has been linked to greater political violence. However, empirically testing this argument is complicated by the paucity of data on brideprice. We argue that despite the lack of over-time brideprice data, one can proxy for variation in marriage markets using changes to population, economic growth, and marriage rates themselves, thereby offering a clearer test of the brideprice–violence relationship. Our analysis suggests that there is little empirical support for such a relationship, and concludes that the previous support was largely due to data limitations and omitted confounds.
Benefits of Adult Education Participation for Low-Educated Women
Authors: Iñiguez-Berrozpe Tatiana , Elboj-Saso Carmen , Flecha Ainhoa , Marcaletti Francesco
Published: August 2019

Given the double risk of exclusion caused for women with a low educational level, adult education can be a fundamental element that allows them to actively participate in their social, political, and cultural environments. Moreover, because educational level has been reported by the scientific literature to be a factor that directly favors personal benefits, such as having better health or greater employability, adult education may be an opportunity to obtain the aforementioned benefits for women with a low educational level. In this study, using the data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies survey, a model was developed to perform a structural equation analysis on a sample of 5,838 European women with an educational level of ISCED 0-2 and to investigate the benefits of participating in nonformal education activities. The results show that this participation provides these women with greater social and political confidence, more intense cultural participation and even better health and employability.
Increased Vascular Pathology in Older Veterans With a Purple Heart Commendation or Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Bukhbinder Avram S. , Wang Austin C. , Qureshi Salah U. , Arora Garima , Jawaid Ali , Kalkonde Yogeshwar V. , Petersen Nancy J. , Yu Hong-Jen , Kimbrell Timothy , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Magruder Kathy M. , Hudson Teresa J. , Bush Ruth L. , Kunik Mark E. , Schulz Paul E.
Published: August 2019

The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to determine whether stressors related to military service, determined by a diagnosis of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) or receiving a Purple Heart (PH), are associated with an increased risk of vascular risk factors and disease, which are of great concern for veterans, who constitute a significant portion of the aging US population. The Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 16 administrative database was searched for individuals 65 years or older between October 1, 1997 to September 30, 1999 who either received a PH but did not have cPTSD (PH+/cPTSD−; n = 1499), had cPTSD without a PH (PH−/cPTSD+; n = 3593), had neither (PH−/cPTSD−; n = 5010), or had both (PH+/cPTSD+; n = 153). In comparison to the control group (PH−/cPTSD−), the PH+/cPTSD− group had increased odds ratios for incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The PH−/cPTSD+ group had increased odds ratios for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and for the incidence and prevalence of hyperlipidemia. The PH−/cPTSD+ and PH+/cPTSD− groups were associated with ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, but not independently of the other risk factors. The PH+/cPTSD+ group was associated only with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of hyperlipidemia, though this group’s much smaller sample size may limit the reliability of this finding. We conclude that certain physical and psychological stressors related to military service are associated with a greater incidence of several vascular risk factors in veterans aged 65 years or older, which in turn are associated with greater rates of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.
Mechanical properties of an additive manufactured CF-PLA/ABS hybrid composite sheet
Authors: Ahmed Syed Waqar , Hussain Ghulam , Al-Ghamdi Khalid A , Altaf Khurram
Published: August 2019

Laminar composites have widespread applications in the automotive and aircraft industry. This research was aimed to investigate the suitability of fused deposition modeling to produce multi-material laminar composites. Composites comprising of two dissimilar laminates, named as hybrid composites, were printed from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament and carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid filament (a composite filament) by varying different printing parameters. Tensile tests were conducted to examine the mechanical performance of the produced composite sheet. A detailed analysis of the results revealed that a high ultimate tensile strength is primarily achieved by setting low values of printing speed, layer height, and clad ratio while high elongation is obtained by employing low printing speed, medium layer height, and high clad ratio. The optimum printing conditions were sought out through desirability function with an objective to simultaneously enhance all the considered properties. Further, the composite sheet exhibited a reasonably good combination of tensile properties as compared to its monolithic constituent sheets. Based on the results, it is concluded that the bi-material laminating approach employed herein can produce printed structures with desired properties.
Comparative study of thermal degradation and flame retardancy between straw flour and wood flour on wood–polypropylene composites
Authors: Guo Chuigen , Chen Ran , Li Liping
Published: August 2019

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of straw flour (SF)-polypropylene (PP) composites and wood flour (WF)-PP composites. Biomass silica exists in SF, despite only 18 wt% loading of ammonium polyphosphate (APP); the APP in combination with biomass silica can effectively improve the flame retardancy on total heat release, heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate, time to ignition (TTI), and limited oxygen index; it can obtain UL-94 V-0 rating, reduce the average and peak HRR by 44% and 41%, respectively, and increase the TTI by 8%. It attributes to the interaction effect between biomass silica in SF and APP, which more effectively enhances the thermal stability of the SF/PP/APP composites at high temperature and increases the char residue. The silica could form an intercalated network in char structure and then boost the physical integrity. The enhanced physical integrity and thermal stability lead to an effectively synergetic effect on flame retardancy of SF/PP/APP composites.
Harmonic Dissonance: Coping with Employment Precarity among Professional Musicians in St John’s, Canada
Authors: Chafe David , Kaida Lisa
Published: August 2019

Precarious employment literature has addressed a myriad of occupations increasingly characterized by employment uncertainty and reduced commitment between workers and employers due to short-term contracts and self-employment, with particular attention given to creative industries and the gig economy in recent years. The authors argue that research on creative industries also requires consideration of the role of place in the experience of employment insecurity and career commitment. This article focuses on self-employed musicians in the mid-sized city of St John’s, Canada. Interviews with 54 musicians draw attention to coping strategies for long periods of low pay and employment insecurity. These strategies include downplaying competition and conflict, acquiring higher education and changing career. It is argued that population size and location of the community where work is based have implications on such coping strategies and on career longevity.
Bordering work in contemporary political discourse: The case of the US/Mexico border wall proposal
Authors: Garcia Angela Cora
Published: August 2019

In this article, I use a critical discourse analytic approach to investigate how President Trump’s campaign goal to build a wall along the US/Mexico border has been discussed in United States political discourse. The data analyzed are 30 videotaped speeches and other public events which occurred between October 2016 and March 2018. These data are publicly available from the cable news channel C-SPAN’s online video archive. The analysis focuses on the communicative techniques and strategies used to persuade others and justify one’s position in the interactions and events studied. In this article, I show how the border wall proposal is reformulated into a debate about border security, and how diverse ways of referring to persons without approved documentation are used to support arguments on both sides of the debate.
αCGRP Affects BMSCs’ Migration and Osteogenesis via the Hippo-YAP Pathway
Authors: Wang Bin , Lin Jie , Zhang Qin , Zhang Xinyuan , Yu Hui , Gong Ping , Xiang Lin
Published: August 2019

Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) plays a significant pathophysiological role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Our previous research indicated that αCGRP might have a potential application in enhancing osseointegration in vivo. To further uncover the intrinsic mechanism of its networks in bone regeneration, here we investigate the impact of αCGRP on osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from both wild-type and αCGRP-/- mice. Considering the half-life of αCGRP in plasma is only 10 min, we applied αCGRP lentivirus and stably transfected it into BMSCs, followed by transfection identification and cell cycle assay. We further conducted a series of in vitro tests, and the results revealed that biological functions including migratory ability and osteogenicity exhibited positive correlation with BMSCs’ αCGRP expression. Meanwhile, this phenomenon was associated with an enhanced expression of YAP (Yes-associated protein), the key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. To sum up, our data together with previous in vivo observations is likely to elucidate the intrinsic mechanism of αCGRP in bone remodeling, and αCGRP would appear to be a novel treatment to promote bone wound healing.
Synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends
Authors: Wang Na , Li Lingtong , Xu Yang , Zhang Kun , Chen Xiaolang , Wu Hong
Published: August 2019

The flammability characterization and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch (RPM) with expandable graphite (EG) in flame-retardant polypropylene (PP)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 testing, cone calorimeter tests, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the flame retardancy of PP/TPU/EG/RPM composites is greatly influenced by RPM. The synergistic effects between RPM and EG take place in the flame-retardant composites. The presence of RPM with EG decreases significantly the heat release rates and total heat release, and UL-94 V-0 rating is achieved when suitable amount of RPM substitutes for EG in the PP/TPU/EG/RPM composites. The T onset and T 10 wt% of the composites are improved because of the presence of RPM. The FTIR spectra show that the incorporation of RPM improves the thermo-oxidative stability of PP/TPU at higher temperatures. The morphological observations indicate the reinforcement of thermal stability, and flame-retardant performance is attributed to the compact and stable char layers promoted by RPM with EG acted as an effective heat barrier and thermal insulation.
Deradicalisation and Disengagement from Terrorism and Threat to Identity: An Analysis of Former Jihadist Prisoners’ Accounts
Authors: Syafiq Muhammad
Published: August 2019

This qualitative study aims to explore the personal experience of former prisoners jailed for terrorism-related offenses in Indonesia who have reported or have been reported as having deradicalised or disengaged from violent extremism. The participants were interviewed about their experiences of deradicalisation and disengagement and the perceived implication of the experiences on their identities. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysed using a thematic analysis. The results show that most participants reported that they experience identity threats because of their status as former terrorist prisoners from former comrades as well as from the wider society. The threats were said to have impacted negatively upon their positive sense of self; thus, they invoked the strategies to cope with the threats. While participants’ strategies to cope with former jihadist comrades’ threats operated in the intrapersonal level, their strategies to alleviate the threats from wider society occur in the interpersonal level. This study found that most participants re-evaluate their past experiences positively and even utilised them as a part of their present identities primarily when they dealt with former comrades’ criticisms. To resist the wider society’s stigma and suspicion, they concealed their identity as a former terrorist prisoner while, at the same time, bolstered their personal characteristics in terms of interpersonal relationships.
‘Reverse-Engineering’ of a Results Framework for Monitoring and Evaluation – The Case of Punjab Vocational Training Council
Authors: Bashir Mohsin
Published: August 2019

Several government and non-profit organizations in Pakistan are currently going through a transition towards performance management systems that are based on internationally accepted monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks. More often than not, these transitions are driven by requirements of donor organizations. While it is fairly uncomplicated and helpful to develop an M&E framework before the initiation of a programme, organizations find it quite tricky to develop such a system while the operations are already underway.

This case presents the story of a public sector organization that created an M&E team that was able to successfully reverse-engineer its operations into an M&E framework. It can, therefore, prove to be a very helpful resource for managers and consultants attempting to develop M&E frameworks for ongoing programmes. Findings and analysis are presented in such a way that the case bears the appearance of a step-by-step guideline. While the case is focussed around developing a results framework, the learning can easily be generalized to other platforms, specifically the logical framework approach.

Data for this case was collected during a 6-month-long consulting assignment. Data sources include interviews with the employees, internal organizational documents as well as published reports and statistics.
Emotional and Behavioral Risk Configurations, Students With Disabilities, and Perceptions of the Middle School Ecology
Authors: Chen Chin-Chih , Farmer Thomas W. , Hamm Jill V. , Brooks Debbie S. , Lee David , Norwalk Kate , Lambert Kerrylin , Dawes Molly , Sterrett Brittany , Rizzo Karen
Published: August 2019

Perceptions of the ecology and middle school transition are examined in relation to interpersonal competence patterns (ICPs) of approximately 3,000 sixth graders (46.2% boys) including 415 students with disabilities from 26 metropolitan schools. Teacher ratings of students’ academic competence, externalizing and internalizing behavior, popularity, physical attractiveness/athletic ability, and friendliness are used to determine students’ ICPs. Using latent profile analyses, distinct ICPs are identified, including Model (high adaptive), Average, Tough (popular-aggressive), Passive (shy, withdrawn), and Troubled (low adaptive) for boys and girls, respectively. Although students with disabilities are overrepresented in Passive and Troubled ICPs and underrepresented in the Model ICP, 804 students without disabilities (367 boys) were identified in risk ICPs (i.e., Passive, Tough, Troubled) compared with 197 students with disabilities (128 boys). Risk ICPs are differentially associated with students’ perceptions of the school ecology and the transition experience of students with disabilities. Implications for Multitiered Systems of Support and the tailoring of interventions are considered.
Venous Thrombus Following Trans-Brachial Access Puncture After Iliac-Arterial Stent Implantation
Authors: Yuan Che
Published: August 2019

A rare complication-basilic vein thrombus of brachial access was reported by duplex ultrasound in this case 2 days after stenting implantation surgery on the left iliac artery via brachial access. More attention should be paid on the procedure of artery access puncture in operation to avoid the unexpected complications.
A study of the effects of obesity and poor health on the relationship between distance to the polling station and the probability to vote
Authors: Kudrnáč Aleš
Published: August 2019

This article explores the moderating effects of body obesity and subjective health status on the relationship between distance to the polling station and voter turnout in the Czech general election of 2017. Using insights from rational choice theory and the funnel model of turnout, multilevel logit models are used to examine whether the relationship between reported turnout and distance from home to the polling station was different for those who are obese and/or think they are in poor health. This study is based on analyses of the Czech Household Panel Survey data. The modelling results confirm that those who were obese and in poor health had a lower probability of voting as the distance to the polling station increased. Furthermore, this study found that being interested in the 2017 election outcome (instrumental motivation) did mitigate physiological limitations associated with getting to a polling station; however, thinking that voting is a civic duty (moral motivation) had no strong effect on the distance to the polls and turnout relationship.
Evolutionary mechanism for subregional cooperation: Evidence from provincial subregion in Central China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ye Jianmu , Zhang Chao , Xiong Zhuang
Published: August 2019

Against the backdrop of regional integration, subregions with border effects have become the bottleneck in securing the sustainable development of cross-border cooperation. Based on the discussion of the subregions and subregional cooperation in China, this article put forward three theoretical hypotheses with eight typical provincial subregions in Central China as examples. Combined with relevant models, variables and data, the study tested the evolutionary mechanism of subregional cooperation. The main conclusions include: (a) internal factors contribute to better provincial subregional cooperation; (b) geographical and institutional arrangements significantly affect subregional cooperation, with the shielding effect being the dominant border effect and (c) spatial heterogeneity of high-tech industries has an inverted U-shaped effect on subregional cooperation.
An application of Tetraclass model for evaluating ecotourism service quality in Vietnam
Authors: Thuy Vo Thi Ngoc , Tuu Ho Huy , Llosa Sylvie , Thao Hoang Doan Phuong
Published: August 2019

This study extends SERVQUAL and ECOSERV models to include interaction and experience attributes in an ecotourism context and to identify how ecotourism service attributes can affect Vietnamese ecotourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction using Tetraclass approach. This study uses a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show 47 ecotourism service quality attributes belonging to 10 dimensions and four categories as Basic, Key, Plus, and Secondary. The findings also indicate the 10 most important attributes contributing to ecotourist satisfaction/dissatisfaction and confirm the complex relationships of ecotourism service attributes on ecotourist satisfaction/dissatisfaction. While ecotourism has become one of the most important subsectors in the tourism industry, understanding ecotourists’ evaluations and improving their satisfaction with ecotourism is still mostly underexplored, in particular, in the context of a developing country like Vietnam. Therefore, this study helps managers understand effective ways to improve customers’ satisfaction and eliminate their dissatisfaction. However, it ignores customers’ affective moods. Thus, future studies could benefit to include these aspects to gain a better understanding about the phenomenon.
A qualitative investigation of stress related to studying architecture at degree level in the UK
Authors: Xie Yarong , Yaqoob Anum , Mansell Warren , Tai Sara
Published: August 2019

Architecture students have been reported to experience significant stress, yet little has been researched. This study aims to examine how architecture students experience and cope with stress. Twelve participants studying Architecture at bachelors and masters levels took part in individual interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Three over-arching themes emerged: sources of stress in architecture studies, effects of stress and coping with stress. Participants reported of experiencing stress due to heavy and constant workloads, accepting the culture of working hard, subjective aesthetics, tutors and their critique. Stress experiences differed for year 1 and year 3 undergraduates. Students reported feelings of demotivation as a result. Many participants reported time management and making use of the supportive network of tutors and peers as coping strategies. Some participants acknowledged that things get better with time and the reward from producing a piece of work helped them to restore their motivation.
Choroidal changes after intravitreal injection of interferon alpha-2b
Authors: Eghtedari Masoomeh , Afarid Mehrdad , Ashraf Hossein , Maalhagh Mehrnoosh
Published: August 2019

Intravitreal injection of interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α2b) is used to treat uveitis but its effect on the choroid is unknown. We histologically evaluated the choroidal changes after intravitreal injection of IFN-α2b. We compared histological samples of IFN-α2b-injected eyes to eyes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced uveitis and eyes injected with balanced salt solution (BSS) as controls. Rabbit eyes received intravitreal injections of BSS, IFN-α2b, or LPS, and enucleation was done seven days later. Choroidal changes were evaluated on histological cut sections. The thickness of the choroid was measured in micrometer and the severity of inflammation was scored. The mean maximum choroidal thickness was significantly greater in the IFN-α2b group in comparison to the LPS and BSS groups ( P < 0.001). The mean minimum choroidal thickness was also significantly greater in the IFN group compared to the BSS group ( P = 0.009). The observed changes were mainly due to vasodilation rather than interstitial fluid retention or inflammation. Mild inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the choroid of four eyes in the IFN group and of three eyes in the LPS group. No inflammation was seen in the control group. The difference in inflammatory cell infiltration between the LPS and IFN groups was not statistically significant. Significant choroidal hyperemia was present after injection of IFN-α2b. This fact may suggest for some pharmacological applications of IFN-α2b when increased choroidal circulation is needed. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Impact statement

Type I interferons are proteins that are naturally secreted by cells in response to certain stimuli. They are approved for medical use to regulate immune responses in many disease states. Our findings of increased choroidal circulation after treatment of the eye with interferon alpha-2b indicate a possible effect of this cytokine on blood circulation. This is a novel finding that needs further investigation to elucidate mechanisms and applications.
Therapeutic effects of statins on chromosomal DNA damage of dyslipidemic patients
Authors: Donmez-Altuntas Hamiyet , Bayram Fahri , Coskun-Demirkalp Ayse N , Baspınar Osman , Kocer Derya , Toth Peter P
Published: August 2019

Statins are a group of cholesterol lowering drugs and frequently used in the therapy of dyslipidemia. Our knowledge of the impact of statin therapy on DNA damage is as yet rudimentary. In this study, we aimed to assess the possible (1) genotoxic, cytostatic, and cytotoxic effects of statins in peripheral blood lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay, and (2) oxidative DNA damage by measuring plasma 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in response to statin therapy. Thirty patients with dyslipidemia who had no chronic diseases and did not use any medicines that interfere lipid values and twenty control subjects were included in the study. Statin therapy was initiated at risk-stratified doses. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment with statins and from control subjects, and CBMN-cyt assay parameters and 8-OHdG levels were evaluated. The chromosomal DNA damage (micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges [NPBs]), cytostasis (nuclear division index [NDI]), and cytotoxicity (apoptotic and necrotic cell frequencies) were decreased in patients with dyslipidemia after statin treatment. No significant differences were found for 8-OHdG levels between patients with dyslipidemia before or after statin therapy. The total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels showed positive correlations with NPB frequency in patients with dyslipidemia prior to statin treatment. The present study is the first to evaluate CBMN-cyt assay biomarkers and 8-OHdG levels in patients with dyslipidemia before and after treatment with statins. The observed reductions of chromosomal DNA damage and NDI values with statin treatment could represent an important and under-appreciated pleiotropic effect of these agents.

Impact statement

In literature, it is possible to find some in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay studies about human lymphocytes and statins. But, there are no data on CBMN-cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay parameters related to statin therapy in patients with dyslipidemia. The present study is the first to evaluate CBMN-cyt assay biomarkers and 8-OHdG levels in patients with dyslipidemia before treatment and after treatment with statins (5–10 mg/day rosuvastatin or 10–20 mg/day atorvastatin). In this study we show that statin therapy decreased chromosomal DNA damage (micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges) and nuclear division index (NDI) values in patients with dyslipidemia by possible molecular reasons independent of oxidative DNA damage. In addition, the decrease of chromosomal DNA damage and NDI values with statin treatment could be indicated by the association between statin use and reduced risk of cancer.
Understanding the Subgroup Complexities of Transfer: The Impact of Juvenile Race and Gender on Waiver Decisions
Authors: Bryson Sara L. , Peck Jennifer H.
Published: August 2019

While prior research has consistently found the presence of extralegal disparities in juvenile justice decision-making, less research has investigated the combined effects of a juvenile’s race and gender on the decision to transfer youth to adult court. The current study examines both the individual and joint influence of race and gender on transfer decisions of all judicial waiver-eligible youth in a Northeast state from 2004 to 2014. Results indicate that Black males had the highest likelihood of being judicially waived, followed by White males, then Black females. White females had the greatest chance of being retained in juvenile court. The findings have important implications for juvenile court processing by informing researchers, practitioners, and policyholders about potential reform efforts that target judicial waiver.
Experimental study on chip shape in ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning of 304 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Xu Yingshuai , Wan Zhihui , Zou Ping , Zhang Qinjian
Published: August 2019

There are many problems and physical phenomena in turning process, like machined surface quality, cutting force, tool wear, and so on. These factors and the chip shape of workpiece materials, which is an important aspect to study the mechanism of ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning, go hand in hand. This article first introduces the types and changes of chip, meanwhile the chip formation mechanism of ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning is studied and analyzed, and the turning experiments of 304 austenitic stainless steel with and without ultrasonic vibration are carried out. The difference of chip morphology between ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning and conventional turning is contrasted and analyzed from the macroscopic and microscopic point of view. The influence of process parameters on chip shape and the impact of chip shape on machining effect are also analyzed. Results indicate that when process parameters (vibration frequency, ultrasonic amplitude, and cutting parameters) are suitably selected, ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning can gain access to better chip shape and chip breaking effect than conventional turning. By contrast with conventional turning, phenomenon of serrated burr on the chip edge and the surface defects of chip in ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning have improved significantly. Moreover, it is found that superior chip morphology in ultrasonic vibration–assisted turning can be acquired under the circumstance of comparatively small cutting parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate); at the same time, preferable chips can also obtain ranking machining effect.
Participants’ experiences of and perceived value regarding different support types for long-term condition self-management programmes
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Lewis Sophie , Willis Karen , Rogers Anne , Wyke Sally , Smith Lorraine
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Health professional-led group programmes are a common form of long-term condition self-management support. Much research has focused on clinical outcomes of group participation, yet there is limited research on how group participants perceive and experience the support they receive. We aim to identify the different types of support that participants receive from both facilitators and other participants, and how they value this support.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants taking part in a self-management group programme for a long-term condition (obesity, type 2 diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Data pertaining to support types were deductively identified through a social support framework prior to interpretive thematic analysis.

Results

Participants identified information and emotional support from both facilitators and other participants as complementary yet distinct. Facilitators’ support came from professional training and other participants’ support reflected the contextual, lived experience. Professional interactions were prioritised, constraining opportunities for participant–participant support to be received and exchanged.

Discussion

We identified a key gap in how self-management support is enacted in groups. Engaging participants to share experiential knowledge will make group support more relevant and mutually beneficial to participants living with a long-term condition.
Multiplanar reformation computed tomography for carpal malalignment
Authors: Schormans Philip M. J. , Schots Judith P. M. , Weijers René E. , Loeffen Daan V. , Poeze Martijn , Hannemann Pascal F. W.
Published: August 2019

Correct interpretation of scaphoid axial length and carpal malalignment is difficult owing to the complex geometry of the scaphoid. Traditional measurements, such as the scapholunate angle and radiolunate angle, have shown limited reproducibility. To improve the assessment of these measurements, we used multiplanar reformation computed tomography with added average intensity projection. Four measurements for scaphoid morphology and carpal alignment were independently measured by four observers on computed tomography scans of 39 consecutive patients who were treated conservatively for scaphoid fracture. Fleiss’s kappa for categorical results showed substantial agreement for the measurements of the scapholunate and radiolunate angles. Intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for measurements of the axial length, scapholunate angle and radiolunate angle. Our results suggest that multiplanar reformation computed tomography with added average intensity projection is a reliable technique for assessment of scaphoid morphology and carpal alignment.

Level of evidence: II
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Biological Study of Tamarix aphylla and Aerva javanica Medicinal Plants Growing in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Suleiman Mohamed Hammad Adam
Published: August 2019

In this study, Tamarix aphylla and Aerva javanica, plants used in folkloric medicine in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia were studied ethnobotanically, chemically, and biologically to assess their medicinal uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semistructured interviews and the use values were calculated. A total of 61 informants were interviewed and results indicated high-value uses (0.9 and 0.7) for the plants. Phytochemical investigation indicated that the plants contained most of the phytochemicals that were tested for. The antioxidant activity was examined by assaying total phenolic content, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging activity. .The bark extract of T. aphylla showed the best antioxidant effect in total phenolic content, DPPH, and H2O2 assays (278.02 ± 0.16 mg GAE/100 g; The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): DPPH, 18.39 ± 0.62 μg/mL; H2O2, 252.94 ± 1.86 μg/mL), followed by extract of the A. javanica aerial parts (228.60 ± 2.09 mg GAE/100 g; IC50: DPPH, 28.54 ± 0.53 μg/mL; H2O2, 154.17 ± 0.78 μg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid (DPPH: 27.27 ± 0.11 μg/mL; H2O2: 164.9 ± 0.37 μg/mL). The disc diffusion method performed for antimicrobial activity revealed weak activities in T. aphylla and A. javanica extracts (100 μg/mL) against six human pathogens. It was concluded that these plants possess therapeutic potential in the treatment of 18 types of ailments, which are important phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities that justify their therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. Thus, this study laid sufficient background for further pharmacological research on extracts of these plants.
Individual Cultural Values and Consumer Animosity: Chinese Consumers’ Attitude Toward American Products
Authors: Latif Kashmala , Pitafi Abdul Hameed , Malik Muhammad Yousaf , Latif Zara
Published: August 2019

The importance and interest in individual cultural values have been increased considerably in recent years. Cultural values have been examined as the antecedent to many consumer behaviors and attitudes. The individual cultural values of consumers are shaping attitude and behavior and how that influence consumer animosity is less studied in the literature. To address the research gap, the current study proposes a theoretically and empirically tested framework based on value–attitude–behavior (VAB) model. This study aims to investigate the role of individual cultural values on consumer animosity in the context of 2018 China–United States (U.S.) trade war. The study also examines the relationship between consumer animosity and reluctance to buy (RTB) U.S. products by Chinese consumers. The hypothesized model is tested in China in the context of the ongoing political conflict initiated by United States over Donald Trump’s administration’s tariffs policy targeting China. A convenience sample of Chinese consumers ( n = 303) yielded a total of the questionnaire. The results point to a positive and significant relationship between collectivism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and consumer animosity and a negative relationship between power distance and consumer animosity. Moreover, result shows an insignificant association between long-term orientation and consumer animosity. Finally, the result of this study shows a positive relationship between consumer animosity and RTB U.S. products. The theoretical and practical implications of the proposed study are also discussed.
Parental Burnout: What Is It, and Why Does It Matter?
Authors: Mikolajczak Moïra , Gross James J. , Roskam Isabelle
Published: August 2019

Parenting can be wonderful. However, it also can be stressful, and when parents lack the resources needed to handle stressors related to parenting, they may develop parental burnout. This condition is characterized by an overwhelming exhaustion related to one’s parental role, an emotional distancing from one’s children, and a sense of parental ineffectiveness. Researchers have begun to document the antecedents of parental burnout, but little is known about its consequences. Here we investigated the impact of parental burnout on escape ideation, parental neglect, and parental violence through two cross-lagged longitudinal studies ( N = 918, N = 822) that involved the completion of online surveys three times over a year. Results indicated that parental burnout strongly increases escape ideation as well as neglectful and violent behaviors toward one’s children (aggregated Cohen’s d = 1.31, 1.25, and 1.25, respectively). These findings show that parental burnout is a serious condition that urgently requires more attention.
A Systematic Review of the Orthopaedic Literature Involving National Football League Players
Authors: Kluczynski Melissa A. , Kelly William H. , Lashomb William M. , Bisson Leslie J.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Orthopaedic injuries of National Football League (NFL) players can have a deleterious effect on their health, with minimal to no high-level evidence on the management of these injuries.

Purpose:

To summarize all data published between January 1980 and March 2018 on orthopaedic injuries experienced by NFL candidates and professional players in the NFL.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A literature search of studies examining orthopaedic injuries in the NFL was performed through the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The review included studies of orthopaedic injuries in college football recruits attending the NFL Combine as well as professional NFL players. Excluded were studies of nonorthopaedic injuries, such as concussions, traumatic brain injury, facial injuries, and vascular injuries, as well as case reports.

Results:

A total of 147 articles met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 11 topics based on anatomic site: general (16%), spine (13%), shoulder (13%), elbow (3%), hand and wrist (3%), trunk (0.7%), hip and pelvis (7%), thigh (3%), knee (24%), ankle (5%), and foot (12%). Of these studies, 74% were of level 4 evidence. Most studies obtained data from the NFL Combine database (26%), by searching the internet (24%), and via the NFL Injury Surveillance System (22%). Studies using internet search methods to identify injuries consistently found fewer participants than studies using the NFL Injury Surveillance System.

Conclusion:

This systematic review provides National Collegiate Athletic Association and NFL team physicians with a single source of the most current literature regarding orthopaedic injuries in NFL players. Most research was published on knee, spine, shoulder, and foot injuries and consisted of level 4 evidence. A substantial portion of the published literature was based on data obtained from internet searches and may not accurately represent the NFL population.
What Makes Them Persist? Expectancy-Value Beliefs and the Math Participation, Performance, and Preparedness of Hispanic Youth
Authors: Safavian Nayssan
Published: August 2019

This study examined the longitudinal associations of Hispanic youths’ 9th-grade math expectancy-values and their subsequent participation (course taking and advanced course taking), performance, and preparedness (high school graduation and university eligibility) across 9th to 12th grades. Gender moderation associations of expectancy-value and participation, performance, and preparedness were evaluated. Students’ socio-demographic characteristics and previous math experiences (achievement and curricular track) were controlled. The study sample (n = 1,116) was 53% female, 46% English learner, and 84% low income. Males reported higher expectancy, interest, attainment, and cost values. Females completed more math courses and advanced courses, achieved stronger course grades, and were more likely to complete math preparation requirements for high school graduation and college. Associations of expectancy-value, and participation and performance were observed along with gender-moderated associations with preparedness. The odds of graduation preparedness were increased for females with high attainment value, whereas the odds of university preparedness were increased for males with high utility value.
Network Effects in Blau Space: Imputing Social Context from Survey Data
Authors: McPherson Miller , Smith Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2019

We develop a method of imputing ego network characteristics for respondents in probability samples of individuals. This imputed network uses the homophily principle to estimate certain properties of a respondent’s core discussion network in the absence of actual network data. These properties measure the potential exposure of respondents to the attitudes, values, beliefs, and so on of their (likely) network alters. We use American National Election Study data to demonstrate that the imputed network features show substantial effects on individual-level measures, such as political attitudes and beliefs. In some cases, the imputed network variable substantially reduces the effects of standard sociodemographic variables, like age and education. We argue that the imputed network variable captures many of the aspects of social context that have been at the core of sociological analysis for decades.
And the Students Shall Lead Us: Putting Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy in Conversation With Universal Design for Learning in a Middle-School Spoken Word Poetry Unit
Authors: Coppola Rick , Woodard Rebecca , Vaughan Andrea
Published: August 2019

This case study explores how a research-practice partnership worked to cross-pollinate culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) over the course of a 9-week spoken word poetry unit in a seventh-grade classroom. The unit reflected CSP’s commitment to linguistic, literate, and cultural pluralism (e.g., centering culture- and identity-focused writing) while also intentionally embedding principles of UDL (e.g., multiple means of representation, action, expression, and engagement). The analysis examines how and why some students in this classroom centered dis/ability in their poetry writing and how the design and implementation of the unit invited more complex understandings of cultures and identities. Findings suggest that CSP supported students in making their identities more visible in the classroom, while the integration of UDL principles eliminated barriers for participation. Both were integral in focal students’ engagements with aspects of their identities throughout the unit. Ultimately, the unit’s design facilitated the movement of the focal students from the periphery to more centripetal roles within the classroom community.
“I Need Child Care!”: Using Funds of Knowledge, Addressing Challenges, and Developing Literacies With a Classroom Community of Adult ESL Learners
Authors: Cun Aijuan , McVee Mary B. , Vasquez Christopher
Published: August 2019

Many immigrants and refugees in the United States must confront different linguistic and cultural contexts in their everyday life. As part of a larger ethnographic study related to refugee families and literacy, this qualitative study explores how adult English as a second language (ESL) students help their classmate Htoo Eh find ways to deal with an everyday life challenge. This study utilized two supporting theoretical frameworks: funds of knowledge and literacy as a social practice. Data sources included field notes, transcripts of video recording, artifacts, as well as conservations with the teacher and welfare coordinators. Findings demonstrate that community members utilized two funds of knowledge in particular: social network and life experience to help the focal participant. Findings also showed that adult ESL students assisted their classmates in developing three types of literacies, which were finding and obtaining childcare, knowing how the system works, and communicating with the caseworker in order to deal with an everyday life challenge. These findings suggest that educators should recognize and value adult ESL learners’ funds of knowledge as well as incorporate the knowledge into instruction. Educators also should open up space for these learners to develop literacies together as a community.
Disease Models & Mechanisms in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Hatzopoulos Antonis K.
Published: August 2019

In the decade since Disease Models & Mechanisms was launched, the emergence of Big Data as the main foundation of biological information is having a profound effect on how we do research and it has provoked some interesting questions. Is Big Data exploration replacing hypothesis-driven basic research? And, to what extent is disease modeling in the laboratory still relevant to medical research? Recent examples of synergistic approaches utilizing animal modeling and electronic medical records mining show that combining efforts between disease models and clinical datasets can uncover not only disease etiologies, but also novel molecular and cellular mechanisms linked to gene function.
Reviews
Authors: Chandna Mohit , Dasgupta Swati , Fox Rachel Gregory , Lee Vanessa , Miraglia Anne Marie , Miraglia Anne Marie , Morin Paul Max , Oktapoda Efstratia , Wandji Dieunedort
Published: August 2019

The Colonial Fortune in Contemporary Fiction in French, Oana Panaïté (2017), Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 216 pp., ISBN 978-1-78694-029-2, h/bk, £75

Post-Migratory Cultures in Postcolonial France, Kathryn Kleppinger and Laura Reeck (eds) (2018), Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 296 pp., ISBN 978 1 78694 113 8, h/bk, £80

Postcolonial Poetics: 21st-Century Critical Readings, Elleke Boehmer (2018), London: Palgrave Macmillan, 220 pp., ISBN 978 3 31990 341 5, eBook, £47.99

Nouveaux entretiens avec Maryse Condé: écrivain et témoin de son temps, Françoise Pfaff (2016), Paris: Éditions Karthala, 197 pp., ISBN 978-2-81111-707-8, 19€

Les Lieux de mémoire de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne, Emmanuel Alcaraz (2017), Paris: Karthala, 322 pp., ISBN 978 2 81111 903 4, 24€

La Littérature haïtienne dans la modernité. De la conférence à la publication, Anne Marty (2017), Paris: Karthala, 276 pp., ISBN 978-2-81111-729-0, 25€

From Empire to Exile: History and Memory within the piednoir and harki Communities 1962–2012, Claire Eldridge (2016), Manchester: Manchester University Press, 352 pp., h/bk, ISBN 978 0 71908 723 3, £75.00

La Francosphère littéraire et l’empreinte française, Elena Prus (2012), Chişinǎu: ULIM, 236 pp., ISBN 978-9-97551-426-2

The End of the Cognitive Empire: The Coming of Age of Epistemologies of the South, Bonaventura de Sousa Santos (2018), London: Duke University Press, 392 pp., ISBN 978-1-47800-015-0, p/bk, £18
Talking game design and the importance of building community with Siralim developer Zack Bertok
Authors: Klaehn Jeffery
Published: August 2019

Zack Bertok is the lead designer and programmer of the Siralim game franchise and founder of Thylacine Studios. This interview explores a range of topics and issues relating to game development, design and content.