bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B cell lineage reconstitution underlies CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis
Authors: Tian Dai-Shi , Qin Chuan , Dong Ming-Hao , Heming Michael , Zhou Luo-Qi , Wang Wen , Cai Song-Bai , You Yun-Fan , Shang Ke , Xiao Jun , Wang Di , Li Chun-Rui , Zhang Min , Bu Bi-Tao , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd , Wang Wei
Published: February 2024

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed in plasmablasts and plasma cells, could serve as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We reported here chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting BCMA in two patients with highly relapsed and refractory myasthenia gravis (one with AChR-IgG, and one with MuSk-IgG). Both patients exhibited favorable safety profiles and persistent clinical improvements over 18 months. Reconstitution of B-cell lineages with sustained reduced pathogenic autoantibodies might underlie the therapeutic efficacy. To identify the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells in these patients, longitudinal single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing was conducted on serial blood samples post infusion as well as their matching infusion products. By tracking the temporal evolution of CAR-T phenotypes, we demonstrated that proliferating cytotoxic-like CD8 clones were the main effectors in autoimmunity, whereas compromised cytotoxic and proliferation signature and profound mitochondrial dysfunction in CD8+ Te cells before infusion and subsequently defect CAR-T cells after manufacture might explain their characteristics in these patients. Our findings may guide future studies to improve CAR T-cell immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases.
A pH-enhanced resolution in benchtop NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Putko Paulina , Romero Javier A. , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

An alternative to serial NMR measurement on a benchtop machine exploits a pH gradient along the NMR tube and mechanical sample shifting. This approach allows one to detect and characterize “pH-sensitive” peaks.
Adjustable ultraviolet and white light dual emission phosphor Y2Sr(Ga1−yAly)4SiO12:xPr3+ for health lighting
Authors: Yu Qihui , Zheng Huan , He Jiajun , Yang Xu , Guo Yingnan , Guan Li , Li Xu , Wang Fenghe
Published: February 2024

Al3+ ions increase the crystal field intensity and regulate the 4f5d energy level to emit ultraviolet light.
Pattern-illumination time-resolved phase microscopy and its applications for photocatalytic and photovoltaic materials
Authors: Katayama Kenji
Published: February 2024

Charge carrier types (dynamics) can be mapped out for photocatalysts.
Ionic liquid–solvent systems in the gas–liquid phase for acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Li Yongwang , Zhang Zhengliang , Wang Zheng , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Fumin , Zhang Xubin
Published: February 2024

Ionic liquid–solvent system is an excellent homogeneous catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination due to its low viscosity, low cost and high activity.
Local stabilization of body-centred tetragonal Fe and enhanced dislocation density in carbon nanotubes filled with μm-long nanowires
Authors: Boi Filippo S. , Wang Shanling , Lei Li , Guo Xilong , Guo Jian , Gu Aiqun , Zhang Lin , Song Jiaxin , He Yi
Published: February 2024

We identify a variation in the predicted ABA Bernal graphitic ordering of iron-filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which highlights the stabilization of a high density of dislocations in samples produced by pyrolysis of low concentrations of ferrocene.
Improving the magnetic moment of Ca2Ge and promoting the conversion of semiconductors to diluted magnetic semiconductors using Mn-doping
Authors: Cen Weifu , Tian Zean
Published: February 2024

Ca2Ge is converted into a dilute magnetic semiconductor by Mn-doping, where the degenerate energy levels of t2g and eg split into five orbitals. The electric orbitals are spun and exhibits ferrimagnetism with a magnetic moment of 5 μB.
An ammonium vanadate/MXene nanocomposite for high-performance ammonium ion storage
Authors: Krishnan Syam G. , Padwal Chinmayee , Wang Xijue , Pham Hong Duc , Aberoumand Sadegh , Motta Nunzio , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Dubal Deepak
Published: February 2024

We developed an NH4V4O10-MXene (NVO@MX) nanocomposite as promising positive electrode for advanced ammonium ion hybrid capacitors.
Gradient and multilevel surface modification of Ni-rich layered cathodes by gas penetration for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Jiang Rui , Dai Zhongjia , Gao Yongen , Zhao Xikang , Du Jianfang , Li Gang , Du Zexue
Published: February 2024

Gradient surface modification at both primary and secondary particle levels is achieved by gas penetration and in situ gas–solid reaction.
Advancements in memory technologies for artificial synapses
Authors: Sehgal Anubha , Dhull Seema , Roy Sourajeet , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

This article reviews different synaptic devices and discusses the challenges associated with implementing these devices in hardware, along with corresponding solutions, applications, and prospecting future research directions.
Triplet formation inhibits amplified spontaneous emission in perylene-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Moles Quintero Sergio , Mira-Martínez Jose C. , Zou Ya , Díaz-Fernández Marcos , Boj Pedro G. , Wu Jishan , Díaz-García María A. , Marín-Beloqui Jose M. , Casado Juan
Published: February 2024

Three similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon display outstanding emission properties, but only one displays amplified stimulated emission. The lack of available triplet states hinders the triplet formation allowing the amplified stimulated emission.
Polyoxometalate templated silver-bisphosphine sandwich: structurally tunable hybrid materials
Authors: Yao Sheng-Jie , Qi Zhen-Qing , Jiang Zhan-Guo , Zhan Cai-Hong
Published: February 2024

This work describes complex macrocycle-POM hybrids with significant assembly patterns, interaction forces and exposed POM sites.
Molecular dynamics and NMR reveal the coexistence of H-bond-assisted and through-space JFH coupling in fluorinated amino alcohols
Authors: Chiari Cassia , Batista Patrick R. , Viesser Renan V. , Schenberg Leonardo A. , Ducati Lucas C. , Linclau Bruno , Tormena Cláudio F.
Published: February 2024

The JFH coupling constants in fluorinated amino alcohols were investigated through experimental and theoretical approaches.
Nickel/photoredox-catalyzed carbonylative transformations of α-phosphorus-, α-sulfur-, and α-boron-substituted alkyl halides
Authors: Wang Le-Cheng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: February 2024

A novel dual nickel/photoredox catalyzed direct amino- and alkoxycarbonylation of α-heteroatom substituted organohalides has been developed.
Engineering of a hierarchical S-scheme 2D/3D heterojunction with graphdiyne (g-CnH2n−2) coated 3D porous CoAl2O4 nanoflowers for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Hao Xuqiang , Deng Wei , Fan Yu , Jin Zhiliang
Published: February 2024

In this work, a novel 2D/3D hierarchical architecture graphdiyne/CoAl2O4 (GCA) S-scheme heterojunction was successfully constructed by coupling graphdiyne (GDY) nanosheets onto porous CoAl2O4 nanoflowers.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(bis(4-phenoxysulfonic acid)phosphazene) conductive composites: an alternative interfacial layer to PEDOT : PSS
Authors: Çelebi Elif Büşra , Cameron Joseph , Skabara Peter J. , Hacıvelioğlu Ferda
Published: February 2024

An alternative solution processable hole transport layer based on PEDOT have been developed and compared with the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS).
Parental Responsivity and Child Communication During Mother–Child and Father–Child Interactions in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Potter Sarah Nelson , Harvey Danielle , Sterling Audra , Abbeduto Leonard
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Past research shows that parentally responsive behavior toward the child positively influences language development in both neurotypical children and children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including those with fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, most studies have focused exclusively on the mother–child relationship. The current study examined relationships between parent behavior (i.e., responsivity and behavior management) and child language performance in both mother–child and father–child interactions, as well as relationships between child characteristics and both parent behavior and child language.

Method:

Participants were 23 families of young boys with FXS between 3 and 7 years of age. Mothers and fathers independently completed questionnaires assessing child characteristics and separately engaged in 12-min play-based interactions with their child via telehealth. One parent also completed a comprehensive interview assessing child adaptive behavior. Video recordings of the parent–child interactions were transcribed and coded for parent and child behavior, and measures of parent and child language were obtained from the transcripts.

Results:

Mothers and fathers used similar rates of responsive behaviors during parent–child interactions, and parental responsivity was positively associated with some aspects of child language performance (i.e., talkativeness and lexical diversity). Parental behavior, however, was not associated with syntactic complexity. Older children and children with higher levels of adaptive behavior had parents who used higher rates of responsive behaviors. Fathers used higher rates of behavior management strategies compared to mothers, and this type of parent behavior was not associated with child language.

Conclusion:

Overall, this study provides evidence that interventions focused on increasing parental responsiveness would be beneficial for families of children with FXS and that these interventions should be delivered early given the association between responsivity and child age.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25229939
Adults With Cochlear Implants: Residual Hearing, Musical Perception, and Temporal Skills
Authors: Yıldırım Gökay Nuriye , Orhan Emre , Tutar Volkan , Tutar Hakan , Karamert Recep , Gündüz Bülent
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

The main purpose of the study is to investigate whether the presence of residual hearing before cochlear implantation has an effect on temporal pattern recognition skills and musical perception in adults.

Method:

The study included adults with cochlear implants who were between the ages of 20 and 45 years. Adults with cochlear implants were divided into two groups: absent (
n
= 20) and available (
n
= 20) groups according to residual hearing before implantation. Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests were applied to evaluate temporal pattern recognition, and the “Music-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire” was applied to evaluate musical perceptions.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of cochlear-implanted hearing thresholds and speech recognition scores, musical perception, and musical activities, according to their residual hearing. On the other hand, the frequency and duration pattern recognition skills were statistically significantly better in adults with residual hearing. Also, statistically significant correlations were obtained in terms of temporal skills and musical perception subskills.

Conclusions:

The presence of residual hearing before cochlear implantation may affect temporal auditory processing skills. It is concluded that the integration of cochlear implants may affect temporal processing skills in adults as well as quality of life. It is recommended that experts be aware of this issue and pay attention to residual hearing.
A high-redshift calibration of the [O I]-to-H I conversion factor in star-forming galaxies
Authors: Wilson Sophia N. , Heintz Kasper E. , Jakobsson Páll , Madden Suzanne C. , Watson Darach , Magdis Georgios , Valentino Francesco , Greve Thomas R. , Vizgan David
Published: February 2024

The assembly and build-up of neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) in galaxies is one of the most fundamental processes in galaxy formation and evolution. Studying this process directly in the early universe is hindered by the weakness of the hyperfine 21-cm H Iline transition, impeding direct detections and measurements of the H Igas masses (MHI). Here we present a new method to inferMHIof high-redshift galaxies using neutral, atomic oxygen as a proxy. Specifically, we derive metallicity-dependent conversion factors relating the far-infrared [O I]-63 μm and [O I]-145 μm emission line luminosities andMHIin star-forming galaxies atz ≈ 2 − 6 using gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as probes. We calibrate the [O I]-to-H Iconversion factor relying on a sample of local galaxies with direct measurements ofMHIand [O I]-63 μm and [O I]-145 μm line luminosities in addition to the SIGAMEhydrodynamical simulation framework at similar epochs (z ≈ 0). We find that the [O I]63 μm-to-H Iand [O I]145 μm-to-H Iconversion factors, here denotedβ[OI]−63 μmandβ[OI]−145 μm, respectively, universally appear to be anti-correlated with the gas-phase metallicity. The GRB measurements further predict a mean ratio ofL[OI]−63 μm/L[OI]−145 μm = 1.55 ± 0.12 and reveal generally less excited [C II] over [O I] compared to the local galaxy sample. Thez ≈ 0 galaxy sample also shows systematically higherβ[OI]−63 μmandβ[OI]−145 μmconversion factors than the GRB sample, indicating either suppressed [O I] emission in local galaxies likely due to their lower hydrogen densities or more extended, diffuse H Igas reservoirs traced by the H I21-cm. Finally, we apply these empirical calibrations to the few detections of [O I]-63 μm and [O I]-145 μm line transitions atz ≈ 2 from the literature and further discuss the applicability of these conversion factors to probe the H Igas content in the dense, star-forming interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies well into the epoch of reionization.
Accretion discs onto supermassive compact objects: A portal to dark matter physics in active galaxies
Authors: Millauro C. , Argüelles C. R. , Vieyro F. L. , Crespi V. , Mestre M. F.
Published: February 2024

Context. The study of the physics of the accretion discs that develop around supermassive black hole (BH) candidates provides essential theoretical tools to test their nature.

Aims. Here, we study the accretion flow and associated emission using generalised α-discs accreting onto horizonless dark compact objects in order to make comparisons with the traditional BH scenario. The BH alternative proposed here consists in a dense and highly degenerate core made of fermionic dark matter (DM) and surrounded by a more diluted DM halo. This dense core–diluted halo DM configuration is a solution of Einstein’s equation of general relativity (GR) in spherical symmetry, which naturally arises once the quantum nature of the DM fermions is duly accounted for.

Methods. The methodology followed in this work consists in first generalising the theory of α-discs to work in the presence of regular and horizonless compact objects, and then applying it to the case of core–halo DM profiles typical of active-like galaxies.

Results. The fact that the compactness of the dense and transparent DM core scales with particle mass allows the following key findings of this work: (i) There is always a given core compacity – corresponding particle mass – that produces a luminosity spectrum that is almost indistinguishable from that of a Schwarzschild BH of the same mass as the DM core. (ii) The disc can enter deep inside the non-rotating DM core, allowing accretion-powered efficiencies of as high as 28%, which is comparable to that of a highly rotating Kerr BH.

Conclusions. These results, together with the existence of a critical DM core mass of collapse into a supermassive BH, open new avenues of research for two seemingly unrelated topics: AGN phenomenology and dark matter physics.
Numerical simulation on underwater vertical launching process under effect of initial gas
Authors: LI Zhuoyue , QIN Liping , LI Guanghua , SUN Mengke , DU Peng , HU Haibao , HUANG Xiao , CHEN Xiaopeng
Published: February 2024

The exiting-tube process is the basis and premise of the underwater vertical launching process. which is a multiphase, rapid, nonlinear, complex issue. Based on RANS method, combined the VOF multiphase flow model, high-resolution interface capture (HRIC) and overlapping grid (zero gap) technology, a complete mathematical model to describe the underwater exiting-tube process of the vehicle is established. The effects of the initial gas and launch parameters on the flow field and the load characteristics of the vehicle are systematically obtained. The research results indicated that: With the increase of the initial pressure of the initial gas, the force period of the vehicle increases, and the evolution process of the initial gas slows down. The initial gas pulsation period can be shortened by increasing the launch depth, while increasing the pressure at the shoulder of the vehicle and suppressing the natural cavitation of the vehicle. The increase of the lateral flow velocity will significantly increase the lateral force and deflection moment of the vehicle. The initial gas's pulsation process has a greater influence on the deflection moment and lateral force of the vehicle.
Damage behavior and mechanical property investigation of CFRP/CFRP washer-bushing riveted joints
Authors: ZHAO Letian , YANG Tianzhi , HUANG Qi , ZUO Yangjie
Published: February 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) are prone to occur riveting damage. Therefore, the damage behaviors and mechanical properties of CFRP/CFRP washer-bushing riveted joints were investigated experimentally in this paper. Results showed that due to the uneven expansion of rivet shank and local pressure caused by upsetting head, CFRP/CFRP riveted joints occurred multiple damage modes by using net riveting method and bushing method. The damage was mainly located in the layer around the CFRP hole near the upsetting head. However, washer-bushing riveting method effectively limited the uneven expansion and the local pressure of upsetting head, and no obvious damage was observed. Load-displacement curves of direct riveted joints and washer-bushing riveted joints exhibited obvious linear stage, progressive damage stage and final failure stage in both tensile shear and pull-off tests. However, the bushing reduced the effective fastening area of upsetting head, and load-displacement curves of bushing riveted joints only included linear and failure stages. Besides, the tensile shear and pull-off peak load were also the lowest. Tensile failure modes of both net riveted joints and washer-bushing riveted joints were dominated by the coupling failure mode of shear failure and rivet pull-off. The CFRP connecting hole was observed with obvious shear damage and extrusion deformation area. Besides, pull-off failure modes were laminate fracture and ply delamination, and also accompanied by laminate bending deformation. In contrast, bushing riveted joints failed by rivet pull-off in both tensile shear and pull-off tests.
Reliability evaluation and optimization design method of piezoelectric actuator vibration suppression system
Authors: PANG Huan , LIU Yiming , LIN Ye , JIN Peng , LIU Jingyi
Published: February 2024

As an effective means of structural vibration suppression, piezoelectric actuator vibration suppression system(PAVSS) has been gradually applied in structural vibration control. However, the performance degradation or failure of piezoelectric actuator under long service life will lead to the degradation of service reliability of PAVSS, so the scheme obtained by deterministic optimization method is difficult to ensure the service reliability. Aiming at the reliability evaluation and optimal design of PAVSS in service, the failure mechanism considering of the performance degradation or failure of piezoelectric actuator is analyzed, and the reliability evaluation method based on nested sampling and weighted statistics is constructed, which solves the reliability evaluation problem of PAVSS with the characteristics of load-sharing and redundancy. A reliability-based optimization method based on master-slave parallel genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the position and angle of the actuators. At last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are proved by an example, which not only provides a theoretical basis for the high reliability design of PAVSS in service, but also provides a new solution for the engineering problem of structural vibration control.
Pourquoi la conservation de la biodiversité ne devrait pas être un but. Note sur l’hétéronomie des possibles
Authors: Mariani Léo
Published: February 2024

Dans deux textes datés de 1967 et 1968, l’anthropologue, psychologue et biologiste américain Gregory Bateson forme une critique des raisonnements finalistes, qu’il confronte au fonctionnement systémique de l’esprit humain et de son écologie. Si les premiers ont une structure linéaire, souligne-t-il, ce n’est pas le cas des deux autres. Ainsi, se fixer des buts conscients, ce serait toujours nier le caractère systémique de l’environnement et, dans une certaine mesure, aggraver les pathologies que l’on veut combattre. Cet article confronte cette proposition à l’objectif de conservation de la biodiversité. Il se demande comment répondre à l’urgence si les buts conscients contribuent à l’aggraver. Pour ce faire, il revient sur un exemple dans lequel de la biodiversité est produite sans être recherchée, avant de poser des jalons pour une approche hétéronome et mieux intégrée de l’action.
Rauchen in Netflix-Spielfilmen und Jugendschutz
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Neumann Clemens , Morgenstern Matthis
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Mit dem Ziel des Jugendschutzes fordert die Weltgesundheitsorganisation, Filme mit Rauchszenen als ungeeignet für Jugendliche einzustufen. Der Konsum von Filmen erfolgt in den letzten Jahren – noch einmal verstärkt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie – zunehmend über Videostreamingdienste, was den Jugendschutz vor neue Herausforderungen stellt.

Fragestellung Die Häufigkeit des Rauchens in Netflix-Spielfilmen sollte erhoben und die Altersempfehlungen für Netflix-Produktionen mit Rauchszenen untersucht werden.

Methode Insgesamt 235 Filme, die in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 exklusiv zum Streaming von der Plattform Netflix bereitgestellt wurden, wurden inhaltsanalysiert. Es wurde betrachtet, (1) wie hoch der Anteil an rauchfreien Filmen in dieser Filmstichprobe war, (2) wie häufig Rauchszenen in diesen Filmen auftraten und (3) wie hoch der Anteil der Filme mit Rauchszenen war, die in Deutschland sowie den USA als für Jugendliche geeignet eingestuft wurden. Als für Kinder und Jugendliche geeignet wurden alle Filme angesehen, deren Altersfreigabe unter 16 Jahren lag.

Ergebnisse In 113 von 235 analysierten Filmen wurde geraucht (48,1%). Von den 113 Filmen mit Rauchszenen wurden in Deutschland 57 (50,4%) und in den USA 26 Filme (23,0%) als jugendfrei eingestuft (p<0,001). 3310 Rauchszenen wurden insgesamt registriert. Davon waren in Deutschland 39,4% (N=1303) in Filmen mit Jugendfreigabe zu sehen, bei Netflix-USA lag dieser Anteil bei 15,8% (N=524).

Diskussion Rauchen tritt in Netflix-Filmen häufig auf. Weder in den USA noch in Deutschland hält sich Netflix an die Empfehlungen des WHO-Rahmenübereinkommens zur Eindämmung des Tabakkonsums, den Zugang von Jugendlichen zu Filmen, in denen das Rauchen dargestellt wird, zuverlässig zu beschränken. Allerdings gelingt der Jugendschutz in den USA im Vergleich zu Deutschland besser, da die Hälfte der Netflix-Filme mit Rauchszenen in Deutschland als jugendgeeignet eingestuft wurden, in den USA weniger als ein Viertel.
Artemisia annua und Artesunat in der Onkologie
Authors: Efferth Thomas
Published: February 2024

Artesunat ist ein klinisch etabliertes Medikament zur Malariabehandlung.
Präklinische Daten weisen darauf hin, dass Artesunat und Artemisinin,
die Leitsubstanz aus der chinesischen Heilpflanze Artemisia annua L.,
auch gegen Krebs eingesetzt werden könnten.

Im Allgemeinen wurden Artemisinin und Artesunat nach den bisher vorliegenden
klinischen Befunden gut vertragen, wobei vereinzelt immer wieder auch
signifikante Nebenwirkungen wie Hämatotoxizität,
Hepatotoxizität oder Neurotoxizität auftraten. Auf das Vorkommen
schwerer Nebenwirkungen muss auch weiterhin besonderes Augenmerk gelegt werden,
insbesondere wenn Artesunat zusammen mit anderen Medikamenten verabreicht
wird.

Die veterinärmedizinischen Studien zeigen, dass spontane Tiertumoren
nicht nur ein interessantes Modell für die Translation
präklinischer Daten in die Klinik sind, sondern dass Artesunat- und
Artemisia-annua-Präparate eine neue Behandlungsoption
für Haustiere mit Tumorerkrankungen darstellen könnten.

Die Wirksamkeit von Artesunat gegen verschiedene solide humane Tumoren ist bisher
als eher mäßig einzustufen, wobei das Zervixkarzinom
möglicherweise besser anzusprechen scheint. Insgesamt liegen noch zu
wenige Daten vor, um die klinischen Ansprechraten bei verschiedenen Tumortypen
zuverlässig beantworten zu können. Weitere
größere klinische Phase-II- und -III-Studien sind
nötig.
Infection and Sepsis Trends during United States' Delivery Hospitalizations from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Liu Lilly Y. , Friedman Alexander M. , Goffman Dena , Nathan Lisa , Sheen Jean-Ju , Reddy Uma M. , D'Alton Mary E. , Wen Timothy
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate trends, risk factors, and outcomes associated with infections and sepsis during delivery hospitalizations in the United States.

Study Design The 2000–2020 National Inpatient Sample was used for this repeated cross-sectional analysis. Delivery hospitalizations of patients aged 15 to 54 with and without infection and sepsis were identified. Common infection diagnoses during delivery hospitalizations analyzed included (i) pyelonephritis, (ii) pneumonia/influenza, (iii) endometritis, (iv) cholecystitis, (v) chorioamnionitis, and (vi) wound infection. Temporal trends in sepsis and infection during delivery hospitalizations were analyzed. The associations between sepsis and infection and common chronic health conditions including asthma, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, and obesity were analyzed. The associations between clinical, demographic, and hospital characteristics, and infection and sepsis were determined with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models with unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals as measures of association.

Results An estimated 80,158,622 delivery hospitalizations were identified and included in the analysis, of which 2,766,947 (3.5%) had an infection diagnosis and 32,614 had a sepsis diagnosis (4.1 per 10,000). The most common infection diagnosis was chorioamnionitis (2.7% of deliveries) followed by endometritis (0.4%), and wound infections (0.3%). Infection and sepsis were more common in the setting of chronic health conditions. Evaluating trends in individual infection diagnoses, endometritis and wound infection decreased over the study period both for patients with and without chronic conditions, while risk for pyelonephritis and pneumonia/influenza increased. Sepsis increased over the study period for deliveries with and without chronic condition diagnoses. Risks for adverse outcomes including mortality, severe maternal morbidity, the critical care composite, and acute renal failure were all significantly increased in the presence of sepsis and infection.

Conclusion Endometritis and wound infections decreased over the study period while risk for sepsis increased. Infection and sepsis were associated with chronic health conditions and accounted for a significant proportion of adverse obstetric outcomes including severe maternal morbidity.

Key Points
Probabilistic activity driven model of temporal simplicial networks and its application on higher-order dynamics
Authors: Han Zhihao , Liu Longzhao , Wang Xin , Hao Yajing , Zheng Hongwei , Tang Shaoting , Zheng Zhiming
Published: February 2024

Network modeling characterizes the underlying principles of structural properties and is of vital significance for simulating dynamical processes in real world. However, bridging structure and dynamics is always challenging due to the multiple complexities in real systems. Here, through introducing the individual’s activity rate and the possibility of group interaction, we propose a probabilistic activity-driven (PAD) model that could generate temporal higher-order networks with both power-law and high-clustering characteristics, which successfully links the two most critical structural features and a basic dynamical pattern in extensive complex systems. Surprisingly, the power-law exponents and the clustering coefficients of the aggregated PAD network could be tuned in a wide range by altering a set of model parameters. We further provide an approximation algorithm to select the proper parameters that can generate networks with given structural properties, the effectiveness of which is verified by fitting various real-world networks. Finally, we construct the co-evolution framework of the PAD model and higher-order contagion dynamics and derive the critical conditions for phase transition and bistable phenomenon using theoretical and numerical methods. Results show that tendency of participating in higher-order interactions can promote the emergence of bistability but delay the outbreak under heterogeneous activity rates. Our model provides a basic tool to reproduce complex structural properties and to study the widespread higher-order dynamics, which has great potential for applications across fields.
Propeller–hull interaction simulation for self-propulsion with sinkage and trim
Authors: Ali Md Ashim , Peng Heather , Qiu Wei
Published: February 2024

This paper presents numerical simulations of propeller–hull interaction of a ship model for the dynamic condition, demonstrating the ability of the developed self-propulsion module in OpenFOAM. A dynamic motion class has been developed based on the sliding mesh method to simulate a rotating propeller with ship motions. A body-force method is also implemented to simulate propeller–hull interaction to reduce the computational cost of propeller modeling. Validation studies were carried out for the Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC) ship model. The bare-hull resistance, sinkage, and trim are verified against the experimental data. The propeller open-water hydrodynamic characteristics are then computed and validated using sliding mesh and body-force methods. Finally, the self-propulsion simulations are carried out for the JBC model in calm water with sinkage and trim at the design speed. Numerical predictions of the self-propulsion parameters and axial flow velocity distributions at different transverse locations are presented.
Local laser heating effects in diamond probed by photoluminescence of SiV− centers at low temperatures
Authors: Gao Yuanfei , Lai Jia-Min , Li Zhen-Yao , Tan Ping-Heng , Shan Chong-Xin , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2024

The accurate measurement of thermal conductivity of diamond below 10 K has always been a challenge, mainly due to significant error in temperature sensing using the thermocouple method. Diamond is generally considered to have high thermal conductivity, so little attention has been paid to the laser heating effects. Here, we observed the dynamic redshift and broadening of zero phonon line of silicon-vacancy (SiV−) centers at 4 K. Utilizing the intrinsic temperature response of the fine structure spectra of SiV− as a probe, we confirmed that laser heating effect appears and the temperature rising results from high defect concentration. By simulating the thermal diffusion process, we have estimated the thermal conductivity of around 1 W/(m K), which is a two-order magnitude lower than that of single-crystal diamond. Our results provide a feasible scheme for all-optical non-contact temperature sensing and help to solve the problem of accurate measurement of thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures.
The motion of a circular foil in the field of a fixed point singularity: Integrability and asymptotic behavior
Authors: Artemova Elizaveta , Vetchanin Evgeny
Published: February 2024

A finite-dimensional model is developed, which describes the motion of a balanced circular foil with proper circulation in the field of a fixed vortex source. The motion of the foil has been studied in two special cases: that of a fixed vortex and that of a fixed source. It is shown that in the absence of proper circulation, the fixed vortex and the fixed source have the same impact on the motion of the foil. However, adding nonzero proper circulation leads to qualitative differences in the foil's dynamics. For a fixed vortex, there exist three types of motions: the fall on a vortex in finite time, periodic and quasiperiodic motion around the vortex. The investigation of this case reduces to analysis of a Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom. Typical phase portraits and graphs of the effective potential of the system are plotted vs the distance between the geometric center of the foil and the vortex. For a fixed source, two types of motions are possible: the fall on the source in finite time and unbounded escape from the source. For small intensities of the source, the asymptotics of escape to infinity is constructed.
Direct numerical simulations of a novel device to fight airborne virus transmission
Authors: Martin J. A. , Rosti M. E. , Le Clainche S. , Navarro R. , Vinuesa R.
Published: February 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the crucial role of preventive measures in avoiding the spread of disease and understanding the transmission of airborne viruses in indoor spaces. This study focuses on a novel personal protective equipment consisting of a fan-peaked cap that creates a jet flow of air in front of the individual's face to reduce the concentration of airborne viruses and decrease the risk of infection transmission. Direct numerical simulation is used to analyze the effectiveness of the device under certain conditions, such as the velocity of the airflow, flow orientation, ambient conditions, and geometrical factors.
Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of kagome metal FeSn/elemental ferromagnet heterostructures
Authors: Laxmeesha Prajwal M. , Tucker Tessa D. , Rai Rajeev Kumar , Li Shuchen , Yoo Myoung-Woo , Stach Eric A. , Hoffmann Axel , May Steven J.
Published: February 2024

Binary kagome compounds TmXn (T = Mn, Fe, Co; X = Sn, Ge; m:n = 3:1, 3:2, 1:1) have garnered recent interest owing to the presence of both topological band crossings and flatbands arising from the geometry of the metal-site kagome lattice. To exploit these electronic features for potential applications in spintronics, the growth of high-quality heterostructures is required. Here, we report the synthesis of Fe/FeSn and Co/FeSn bilayers on Al2O3 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy to realize heterointerfaces between elemental ferromagnetic metals and antiferromagnetic kagome metals. Structural characterization using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and electron microscopy reveals that the FeSn films are flat and epitaxial. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was used to confirm the stoichiometric window where the FeSn phase is stabilized, while transport and magnetometry measurements were conducted to verify metallicity and magnetic ordering in the films. Exchange bias was observed, confirming the presence of antiferromagnetic order in the FeSn layers, paving the way for future studies of magnetism in kagome heterostructures and potential integration of these materials into devices.
Amino acid chiral amplification using Monte Carlo dynamic
Authors: Cruz-Simbron Romulo Leoncio , Picasso Gino , Cerda-Hernández José
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the stability of chiral-molecule solution phases, with a specific focus on amino acids. The model framework is based on a two-dimensional square lattice model, where individual sites may be occupied by oriented chiral molecules or structureless solvent particles. Utilizing the Glauber dynamics and statistical mechanical formalism, as previously introduced and examined by Lombardo et al., we explore the influence of temperature, amino acid concentration, enantiomeric excess, and homochiral interaction strength on nucleation mechanisms, equilibrium phase behavior, and crystal composition. Our findings offer thermodynamic insights into the chiral amplification process of amino acids, contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying processes.
Optomechanical methodology for characterizing the thermal properties of 2D materials
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Brahmi Hatem , Boix-Constant Carla , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Steeneken Peter G. , Verbiest Gerard J.
Published: February 2024

Heat transport in two dimensions is fundamentally different from that in three dimensions. As a consequence, the thermal properties of 2D materials are of great interest, from both scientific and application points of view. However, few techniques are available for the accurate determination of these properties in ultrathin suspended membranes. Here, we present an optomechanical methodology for extracting the thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of ultrathin membranes made of 2H-TaS2, FePS3, polycrystalline silicon, MoS2, and WSe2. The obtained thermal properties are in good agreement with the values reported in the literature for the same materials. Our work provides an optomechanical method for determining the thermal properties of ultrathin suspended membranes, which are difficult to measure otherwise. It provides a route toward improving our understanding of heat transport in the 2D limit and facilitates engineering of 2D structures with a dedicated thermal performance.
Tuning and total resonant suppression of reflection in the photonic bandgap range of Bragg reflector by two-dimensional nanoparticle array
Authors: Moiseev Sergey , Glukhov Igor
Published: February 2024

The influence of a dielectric layer with an embedded 2D array of metal nanoparticles on the spectral characteristics of a distributed Bragg reflector is theoretically studied and numerically validated. A significant dependence of the reflectivity of the hybrid structure on the location of the nanoparticle array relative to the maxima and minima of the optical field in the surface dielectric layer is demonstrated. It is found that the application of a dilute ensemble of nanoparticles (the interparticle distance is from 2 to 5 times larger than the nanoparticle size) in the region of high optical field localization makes it possible to obtain a total suppression of reflection in the photonic bandgap range of distributed Bragg reflector. Contrariwise, if the optical field is almost zero at the nanoparticle array location, its impact on the scattered light is negligible, that is, the resonant nanoparticles are masked by a highly reflective photonic structure. The target wavelength can be tuned inside the photonic bandgap range by adjusting the shape of nanoparticles and interparticle distance in the array.
Internal flow mechanism of an aggressive compressor transition duct
Authors: An Guangfeng , Fan Zhu , Yu Xianjun , Liu Baojie
Published: February 2024

In aero engines, designing shorter aggressive compressor transition ducts contributes to improved performance and weight savings. An experimental and numerical investigation has been carried out to explore the internal flow mechanism of an aggressive compressor transition duct, which laid the foundation for subsequently reducing the axial length of the transition duct. Two different total pressure and flow angle profiles were created through the gauzes to simulate the design condition and the near stall (NS) condition in the aero engine. The results showed that in the downward path, flow separation was more likely to occur in the stator hub corner. Hub corner stall occurred at NS condition as a result of a decrease in total pressure and an increase in flow angle, which significantly increased total pressure loss. The existence of hub corner vortex and the uneven flow field at the stator outlet contribute to reducing the tendency for the flow along hub to separation. However, the mixing of these vortices also increased the duct loss. And the velocity deficit produced by the stator hub corner separation/stall was intensified by the adverse pressure gradient in the hub region after the stator.
Tunable electromagnetic properties via dealloying in FeCoNiCuAl high-entropy alloys for efficient electromagnetic-wave absorption
Authors: Jia Lei , Jiang Linwen , Yang Jianping , Liu Jingyi , Wu Anhua , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEAs), especially the FeCoNi-based HEAs with magnetic loss and dielectric loss, have attracted considerable attention in the field of electromagnetic-wave absorption (EMA). However, improper electromagnetic parameters of HEAs led to impedance mismatching, which considerably reduced its electromagnetic-wave absorbing efficiency. Dealloying in HEAs is an available approach to optimizing electromagnetic properties owing to its function of component tailoring and surface modification. Herein, FeCoNiCuAl HEAs were prepared by the high-energy balling method, and then, the as-milled powders were dealloyed in KOH solution with different concentrations. Undergoing the dealloying process, Al contents in FeCoNiCuAl HEAs decreased, while the surface area increased, which efficiently optimized impedance matching and promoted surface polarization loss. Profiting from these merits, samples A02 and A06 exhibit excellent EMA performance, with strong absorptions of −56.04 dB at 13.01 GHz and −56.12 dB at 6.88 GHz, corresponding to bandwidths of 3.29 GHz (1.69 mm) and 2.88 GHz (1.69 mm), respectively.
Constructing diatomic catalyst on MoSSe achieves ultra-low overpotential for nitrogen fixation: First-principles study
Authors: Xu Ying , Bao An Yu , Xiong Zheng Yun , Liu Feng , Sheng Wei
Published: February 2024

The collaborative interaction between the diatoms can enhance the catalytic activity of the transition metal atoms and facilitate the activation of nitrogen molecules. Based on first-principles calculations, the feasibility of electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation as a diatomic catalyst (TMs@MoSSe) formed by transition metal dimers (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) dispersed on a two-dimensional Janus MoSSe monolayer is systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the MoSSe monolayer loaded with double chromium atoms (Cr2@MoSSe) exhibits exceptional catalytic activity, showcasing an extremely low overpotential of 0.17 V in the enzymatic mechanism. Specifically, this research elucidates the nitrogen reduction capacity of the electrocatalyst by considering its magnetic moment and work function, concluding that a lower work function corresponds to enhanced catalytic activity. Additionally, the product of the magnetic moment and valence electron numbers of the transition metal atoms (μTM⋅dTM) exhibits an inverted volcano relationship with the overpotential. These findings can provide valuable insights for the design of diatomic catalysts.
Fourth-order modon in a rotating self-gravitating fluid
Authors: Lashkin Volodymyr M. , Cheremnykh Oleg K.
Published: February 2024

We present a two-dimensional nonlinear equation to govern the dynamics of disturbances in a rotating self-gravitating fluid. The nonlinear term of the equation has the form of a Poisson bracket (Jacobian), and the linear part contains, along with the Laplacian, a biharmonic operator. A solution was found in the form of a dipole vortex (modon). The solution and all its derivatives up to the fourth order are continuous on the separatrix.
Electrically controllable chiral phonons in ferroelectric materials
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu Weikang , Sun Kangtai , Yang Shengyuan A. , Zhang Lifa
Published: February 2024

Chiral phonons have attracted increasing attention, as they play important roles in many different systems and processes. However, a method to control phonon chirality by external fields is still lacking. Here, we propose that in displacement-type ferroelectric materials, an external electric field can reverse the chirality of chiral phonons via ferroelectric switching. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate this point in the well-known two-dimensional ferroelectric In2Se3. This reversal may lead to a number of electrically switchable phenomena, such as chiral phonon induced magnetization, the phonon Hall effect, and possible topological interface chiral phonon modes at ferroelectric domain boundaries. Our work offers a way to control chiral phonons, which could be useful for the design and application of thermal or information devices based on them.
Adapting the Client Priority Rating Scale to better fit the sexual health counselling setting: a quality improvement study
Authors: Coote Katherine , O’Neill Fiona , Slavich Eve
Published: February 2024

Background When demand for counselling in community-based clinics exceeds capacity, waiting lists are typically formed. Determining allocation priority solely on wait time can overlook client risk factors that can elevate priority. We undertook to rigorously adapt the only existing validated counselling triage tool, to better fit the sexual health setting. Methods Sexual health counsellors were surveyed about aspects of client presentations that flagged increased priority. The revised Client Priority Rating Scale (CPRS-R) was created through systematic analysis and decision making, informed by survey results and literature review. Four expert sexual health counsellors independently rated the priority of 14 hypothetical clinical vignettes using the CPRS and CPRS-R. Results Criterion (concurrent), content and face validity are evidenced in the revised scale. Average interrater agreement was higher on the CPRS-R (28%) than the CPRS (11%); however, this difference was marginal (P = 0.06). According to Gwet’s Agreement Coefficient (AC) and Krippendorff’s Alpha, both the CPRS and the CPRS-R demonstrate comparable interrater reliability, substantial and moderate, respectively. Kendall’s W indicates the CPRS yielded higher reliability. However, the difference is not substantial. Conclusions The CPRS-R is a triage tool designed for the sexual health counselling setting. This tool has demonstrated criterion, content and face validity, as well as moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability. It can be used in sexual health settings to inform assessments about client priority, along with clinical judgement and peer consultation.