bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation, phylogeny, and covariance in milk macronutrient composition
Authors: Blomquist Gregory E.
Published: November 2019

Background

Milk is a complicated chemical mixture often studied through macronutrient concentrations of fat, protein, and sugar. There is a long-standing natural history tradition describing interspecific diversity in these concentrations. However, recent work has shown little influence of ecological or life history variables on them, aside from maternal diet effects, along with a strong phylogenetic signal.

Methods

I used multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods to revisit the ecological and life history correlates of milk macronutrient composition and elaborate on the nature of the phylogenetic signal using the phylogenetic mixed model. I also identified clades with distinctive milks through nonparametric tests (KSI) and PhylogeneticEM evolutionary modeling.

Results

In addition to the previously reported diet effects, I found increasingly aquatic mammals have milk that this is lower in sugar and higher in fat. Phylogenteic heritabilities for each concentration were high and phylogenetic correlations were moderate to strong indicating coevolution among the concentrations. Primates and pinnipeds had the most outstanding milks according to KSI and PhylogeneticEM, with perissodactyls and marsupials as other noteworthy clades with distinct selection regimes.

Discussion

Mammalian milks are diverse but often characteristic of certain higher taxa. This complicates identifying the ecological and life history correlates of milk composition using common phylogenetic comparative methods because those traits are also conservative and clade-specific. Novel methods, careful assessment of data quality and hypotheses, and a “phylogenetic natural history” perspective provide alternatives to these traditional tools.
Influence of Crediting Strategy on Growth of Small and Micro Enterprises in Kenya: A Case of Women Enterprise Fund
Authors: Nyamboga Tom Ongesa , Odhuno Edwin , Okibo Bichanga Walter
Published: November 2019

Effective implementation of crediting strategy is paramount to the growth of Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) worldwide. Crediting provides adequate amount of initial capital needed by entrepreneurs to establish and operate their businesses. The government of Kenya having realized this scenario initiated the formation of Women Enterprise Fund (WEF) in 2007 as a micro credit to provide financial credit to women entrepreneurs throughout the country. Despite this, many women micro traders have inadequate access to credit to start and expand their SMEs. The specific objective of this study was to assess the influence crediting strategy on the growth of SMEs in Kenya. This research used a descriptive survey based design. The study’s target population constituted 2032 women group leaders from which a sample size of 335 respondents was selected randomly. Primary data was collected by use of structured researcher administered questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed by use of both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, by the aid of SPSS version 24. Both Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Linear Regression Analysis were computed to correlate the study’s variables. The study established a positive relationship between crediting strategy and the growth of SMEs. The findings of this study will help the government of Kenya in formulating and implementing crediting strategies that would make credit accessible and therefore boost growth of SMEs in the country. The study recommends that the government establishes policies that will necessitate accessibility of credit to SMEs in the country.
The Prevalence of Polyparasitism in Oju, Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Akor J. O. , Obisike V. U. , Omudu E. A. , Imandeh G. N.
Published: November 2019

Intestinal and urinary parasitic infections remain an important public health problem in the tropics where poor hygiene and sanitation are a norm rather than an exception.  This study was designed to determine the prevalence and distribution of polyparasitic infections and to determine the impact of health education and treatments .Stool and urine samples from 350 participants were analyzed using macroscopic and microscopic direct stool examination of wet and Lugol’siodine preparations and Formal-ether concentration techniques and microscopic examination of simple centrifuged samples of urine. Out of the 350 participants, 101were infected with intestinal parasites with the male and female participants having 29 (66.0%), 41 (71.9%) prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, 9 (20.5%), 8(14%) Eschericia coli, 2 (4.6), 6(10.5%) Trichomonas hominis and4 (9.1%), 2 (3.5%) Chilomastix mesnilli respectively. Out of the infected 101 participants, 14 of them had co-infection (polyparasitism). The result of polyparasitism in the Local Government is not significant (p>0.05).The overall infection before health education and treatment was high and least after health education and treatment 0(0%) (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated improper hygiene and sanitation conditions.
Protective Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract in Doxorubicin Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Muneer Aamina , Rabbani S. I.
Published: November 2019

Aim: To study the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Terminalia chebula in rats.

Study Design: Hyperlipidemia was induced by administering doxorubicin and the effect of Terminalia chebula was studied in male and female rats.

Methodology: Three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 gm/kg, body weight, per orally for 28 days) was tested against the doxorubicin (0.25 mg/kg, intra-peritoneal, 6 doses for 12 days) in male and female rats. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) were estimated. The antioxidant effect was determined by estimating the serum peroxidation levels. The result of the data was analyzed statistically by One-way Anova followed by Bonferroni comparison test. p<0.05 was considered to indicate the significance of the results.

Results and Discussion: The data indicated that a dose-dependent significant (p<0.05) reversal was observed in the doxorubicin-induced elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and diminished HDL-cholesterol upon treatment with Terminalia chebula in male rats. In the female rats, only the highest tested dose of Terminalia chebula (1 gm/kg) produced the inhibitory effect in the elevated lipid levels without affecting significantly the HDL-cholesterol activity. Further, when Terminalia chebula was tested separately at 0.5 g before and after the administration of doxorubicin, a significant inhibition was observed in the post treatment in both sexes. Serum lipid peroxidation was found to be significantly (p<0.05) reduced by the extract compared to the doxorubicin group.

Conclusion: The results suggest that Terminalia chebula extract might have the potential to reduce doxorubicin-induced hyperlipidemic complications if administered together or after the doxorubicin therapy.
Gordon Dry Gin (Moringa Citrus Blend) Induce Adenomatous Hyperplasia in Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Eric E. U. , Alade T. O. , Eruvwahwe E. F.
Published: November 2019

Objectives: This study aim to investigate the histopathological effects of binge consumed Gordon’s dry gin moringa citrus blend on the uterus of adult female dawley Sprague rats.

Materials: Fifty female rats (weighing range; 120±2.6 g - 250±3.5 g) were divided into four groups (A, B and C & D). Group A, B, C (15 animals each) were orally administered with Gordon’s dry gin moringa citrus blend, 43% ethanol, and 200 mg/kg moringa extract, respectively, while Group D (5 animals) did not receive any treatment and was used as negative control. In groups A, B, and C, five animals were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of administration, whereas animals of group D were sacrificed on day 21. The uterus of each rat was harvested, processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin solution for histological analysis.

Results: Results of the study revealed histological alterations in the uterus of treated animals. Such alterations include adenomatous hyperplasia and cystic hyperplasia.

Conclusion: The oral administration of gordon’s dry gin moringa citrus and moringa extract at 200 mg/kg induced cystic and adenomatous hyperplasia in rat uterus, inferring that both gordon dry gin and moringa might yield antifertility activity.
Assessing Individual Medication Adherence among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Multi-centered Study
Authors: Kadir Tengku Nur Izzati Tengku Abd , Islahudin Farida , Abdullah Muhammad Zulhilmi , Ibrahim Norkasihan , Bing Pau Kiew
Published: November 2019

Aims: This study aims to identify differences in outcomes of assessing overall versus individual adherence and factors associated with adherence to medication therapy in chronic kidney disease patients.

Study Design:  This is a cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Nephrology Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and Ministry of Health Hospitals between June 2018 and June 2019.

Methodology: We included 491 patients (243 men, 248 women); average age of 54.5 (±14.6) years with chronic kidney disease and prescribed at least one medication, using a validated questionnaire.

Results: Patients were prescribed an average of 7.0±2.4 medications. Majority were categorized as adherent (n=404, 82.3%) based on an overall assessment. In contrast, only 27.5% (n=135) were adherent when medications were assessed individually. Based on individual medication assessment, a multivariate logistic regression demonstrated patients aged >55 years were 2.3 times more likely to be adherent toward medicines (P=.001). Those with <3 comorbidities and <7 medications increased the odds of adherence by 2.1 (P=.002) and 2.2 (P=.001) times respectively. Having a drug knowledge score >80% increase the odds of adherence by 8.7 times compared to their counterparts (P<.01).

Conclusion: Potential strategies for targeted management should be developed in order to remove barriers towards medication adherence in chronic kidney disease patients.
Into the unknown of psychotherapy and online social media
Authors: MacDonald Kyle
Published: November 2019

As psychotherapists we cannot avoid the significant impact and relevance of online social media to our thinking about relationships. This article discusses the world of online social media and its relationship to psychotherapy. The rise of and exponential increase in interactive online social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin and blogging have been collectively dubbed “Web 2.0.” This term refers to the fact that the internet has become a user-interactive space for relating and, as such, increasing numbers of people are starting and maintaining personal and professional relationships online. The article provides a brief introduction to these terms, relevant websites, and the different uses and applications of these sites. Some relevant research into the effects of the use of social media on mood and experiences of social relationships is also included. Research in this field supports the idea that our online relating is consistent with our offline behaviour. The article concludes with some guidelines based on being a “participant observer” and psychotherapist.
Whakarāpopoto
Kāre e taea e tātou e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro te karo i te paanga me te hāngai o te hapori pāpāho ipurangi ki tā tātou aronga atu ki te whakawhanaungatanga. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te ao o te hapori pāpāho ipurangi me tōna pānga atu ki te whakaoranga hinengaro. Ko te aranga, ā, te pikinga ake hoki o te hapori kōmitimiti pāpāho ipurangi pēnei i a Matapuka (Facebook), Tiotio (Twitter), Honomai (Linkedin), me blogging kua tapaina katoahia ēnei ko “Paetuku tuarua.” E tohu ana tēnei kupu ki te meka kua riro te ipurangi ki tētahi ātea taumahitahi hai whakawhanaunga ā, nā tērā, ka rahi ake ngā tāngata e tīmata, e ū ana ki ngā mahi whakahoahoa ā-mahi, ā-whaiaro mā te ipurangi. He whakaaturanga poto tā tēnei tuhinga ki ngā kupu, ngā paetukutuku, me ngā tūmomo mahi katoa ā ēnei tauranga ipurangi. Kua whakaurua mai hoki ngā rangahau e hāngai ana ki te hua puta ake mai i ngā mahinga hapori pāpāho ki te whanonga me ngā wheako. Ko ngā rāngahau mai i tēnei āpure e tautoko ana i te ariā e rite ana ngā whanaungatanga ipurangi ki tērā whanonga o waho mai. E waiho ana ētahi aratohu i puta ake i te kaupapa “hoamahi kaititiro” me te kaiwhakaora hinengaro hai whakamutu ake i tēnei tuhinga.
Diving into the Human Psyche
Authors: Sigley Agnes
Published: November 2019

As I regularly invite my clients to inhale and exhale and connect with their breath, their bodies’ sensations, their hearts, and deeper parts of themselves through the expressive arts, I find inspiration and resonance in Vincent Ward’s art works. Vincent Ward (b.1956) is one of the most original and acclaimed New Zealand artists, and some have called him a visionary. His latest exhibitions, Inhale/Exhale were held simultaneously at the Gus Fisher Gallery, in the University of Auckland and the Wallace Arts Centre at the Pah Homestead in July 2012. Inhale was a cinematic installation while Exhale showcased painting and photographic print. I visited both exhibitions and attended some of the talks.
Abstracts from Other Journals. Naturalistic Research
Authors: Manning Sean
Published: November 2019

This review will focus on research — not particularly the results of research, although some will be mentioned, but on approaches and attitudes to research in psychotherapy. The brief given to me by the editors was to review my choice of literature published between January and June 2013. In meeting the brief I decided to focus on a research report by Rolf Holmqvist, Thomas Ström and Anniqa Foldemo, and, although their results are interesting, it is the philosophy and method of their research in which I am particularly interested.
The Struggle to Live and Let Live
Authors: Dalal Farhad
Published: November 2019

When faced with the intolerance of the imperialist who denigrates and annihilates other ways of life, one answer is the principle of tolerance as advocated by multiculturalism and biculturalism. This asserts that each way of life has its own legitimacy, to be valued on its own terms, and that its differences with other ways of life ought to be tolerated. The concept of figure and ground is a helpful way of conceptualising the practice of tolerance, making room for inclusive, both/and forms of existence. It is an image for the attempt to live and let live, in which differences — mountain and sea — coexist in harmony with each other. Whilst broadly in favour of this world view, I will nevertheless inquire into some of its beliefs and assumptions. Amongst other things, I argue that the “cultural group” is not the straightforward category it is often portrayed as, but always a conflictual, problematic and politicised entity. This in turn problematises the activity of tolerance: what is the psychology of tolerance and how is it informed by the political context? What is taking place within us when we are actively tolerating something? Is tolerance necessarily and always a good thing? Are there occasions when intolerance (and therefore, conflict) is the ethical requirement? In this article I argue that the ideals of “respecting difference”, “inclusivity”, “tolerance” are not only ethical but also always political. In sum, I argue for the virtues of discrimination over those of tolerance.
Waitara
Ko tētahi whakautu, inā tūpono ki te pēhitanga a te whakahīhi whakaiti, whakamate koiora atu, ko te mātāpono manawa nui taunakitanga a te taurea maha me te taurea takirua. Ko tēnei, he whakatau i te tika o ia koiora, ko tōna uara māna anō e whakatau, ā, ko āna noho rerekē ki ēteahi atu koiora e tika ana kia awhitia. He huarahi āwhina ariā whakawaia manawanuitanga te ariā āhua, ariā papa, kia whai ātea ai te tāua, tātou me ngā momo peka nōhanga. He whakapakoko mō te whakatau kia waiho noa iho te noho, te rerekētanga – maunga moana – e noho āiotanga tahi nei. Ahakoa e whakaae whānui ana ki tēnei tirohanga, ka huri tonu au ki te ui ki ētahi o ana whakapono me ana tohutohu. I tua atu i enei, ka whakapae au kāore i te rite te taumata whakaahuahia o te “rōpū ahurea” engari ia ka noho hei rōpū taupatupatu, whakararuraru, tōrangapū hoki. Koia nei ki raruraru ngā whakahaere whakamanawa nui: he aha te manawa nui o te mātai hinengaro, ā, pēhea ai te whāngai kōrero atu a te hāpori tōrangapū? He aha kei te mau i a tātou inā āta whakamanawa nui ki tētahi mea? He pai anō nei i ngā wā katoa te whakamanawa nui? He wāhanga anō tō te pēhi whakamanawa nui (te mutunga ko te taupatupatu) te huarahi matatika? I tēnei kōrero, e whakapae ana au ehara ana i te matatika anake o ngā mātāpono o te “maruwehinga rerekētanga”, “peke katoanga”, “whakamanawa nui” engari huri noa he tōrangapū anō hoki. Hai whakaoti ka tautohe ahau mō te painga ake o te aukati ki to te whakamanawa nui.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Donation
Authors: Amonoo Hermioni L. , Stefanski Heather E. , Brewer Benjamin
Published: December 2024

This JAMA Insights discusses allogenic stem cell donation, including the donation process and the effects of stem cell donation on donors.
Public Attitudes Toward Notification of Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Authors: Platt Jodyn , Nong Paige , Carmona Gloria , Kardia Sharon
Published: December 2024

This survey study examines public expectations related to notification about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care.
Delayed Mortality in Patients Receiving Postoperative High-Acuity Care
Authors: Ludbrook Guy , Leaman Esrom E. , Grocott Michael P. W. , Royse Colin , Sleigh Jamie , Clarke-Errey Sandy , Solomon L. Bogdan
Published: December 2024

This cohort study compares longer-term postsurgical mortality after advanced recovery room care compared with usual ward care.
Ultra‐Strong Ionogel Adhesives via in situ Microphase Separation
Authors: Huang Yangyu , Ming Xiaoqing , Tang Zhe , Chen Guoqing , Duan Xiaozheng , Zhu He , Zhu Shiping , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2024

Ionogels hold great promise due to their numerous charges and abundant polarities, which facilitate strong interfacial interactions with substrates. However, the plasticizing effect of ionic liquid weakens their mechanical properties, limiting the adhesive performance of ionogel adhesives. Developing high‐strength ionogel adhesives, therefore, remains a significant challenge. In this work, an exceptional ionogel adhesive is achieved by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI). The distinct solubilities of the polymers in this ionic liquid result in in situ microphase separation. This novel ionogel exhibits an ultrahigh adhesion strength, with a lap shear strength of 13.41 MPa on glass, surpassing most values reported to date. The remarkable properties of this ionogel are primarily attributed to microphase separation, which enhances adhesion through the arrangement of hydrogen bonds at the interface and improves cohesion by dissipating energy within the bulk. This study offers promising prospects for the design and application of high‐performance ionogel adhesives.
A Wireless Wearable Sensor System Based on a Silver Nanowire‐Decorated Silicon Nanomembrane for Precise and Continuous Hazardous Gas Monitoring
Authors: Shin Jongwoon , Kim Kyubeen , Min In Sik , Sang Mingyu , Lee Ju Young , Hwang Kyuhyun , Kang Yunsung , Kim Jongbaeg , Yu Ki Jun
Published: December 2024

Wearable wireless gas sensors have attracted enormous interest due to precise, real‐time healthcare and environmental monitoring without temporal and spatial limitations. Among various toxic gases, detecting ammonia is crucial because of its highly hazardous nature and applicability as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing health conditions. In this study, silver nanowires‐decorated silicon nanomembrane (AgNW‐SiNM) chemiresistive gas sensor with high selectivity to ammonia is fully integrated with an ultrathin flexible Joule heater and wireless communication system to fabricate wearable wireless real‐time toxic gas monitoring system. The sensor exhibits improved performance to ammonia gas, attributed to heating‐induced changes in adsorption/desorption rates, along with electronic and chemical sensitization facilitated by AgNW decoration. The gas sensing system exhibits stable and high responses of ≈1.83, 1.47, and 1.19 on the ammonia exposure at concentrations of 10, 5, and 1 ppm even under mechanical deformations. The real‐time dynamic response of the sensor is wirelessly transmitted to portable electronics and displayed on the screen. Moreover, the system alerts the users in advance through the integrated haptic interface when exposed to dangerous gas environments for early evacuation. The system paves the way for timely warnings from hazardous gas and more accurate noninvasive medical diagnosis related to respiratory disorders.
Co‐construction of Weak Interlayer Constraint and Sulfur Vacancies Structure in Molybdenum Disulfide to Induce Fast Ammonium Ion Diffusion Kinetics
Authors: Liang Wenlong , Xu Huixin , Yan Junwei , Zeng Yuquan , Zhang Jianli , Hou Guangya , Chen Qiang , Tang Yiping
Published: December 2024

2D layered materials, combined with ion intercalation and diffusion storage mechanisms, are among the most promising storage materials for high‐performance rechargeable ion batteries (especially NH4+ storage systems). However, slow interlayer ion diffusion dynamics hinder their development. Most of the research focuses on the diffusion mechanism of interlayer hydrogen bonds, ignoring the special structure and function of the interlayer. In this study, the Mg(H2O)62+ intercalation strategy of MoS2 is proposed and the weak interlayer constraint and sulfur vacancy interlayer structure are co‐constructed. It is found that the intercalation of ions increased the interlayer spacing, effectively increased the ion storage space, and reduced the interlayer constraint of NH4+; Meanwhile, sulfur vacancy reduces the activity and number of NH4+ coordination sites. This special interlayer structure promotes the diffusion kinetics of NH4+. This aspect of concern has been almost ignored in previous studies. This work advances to provide insights and a fundamental understanding of ion diffusion behavior in layered structural features, paving the way for the development of sustainable energy storage systems.
Melt Electrowriting of Elastic Scaffolds Using PEOT‐PBT Multi‐block Copolymer
Authors: Amirsadeghi Armin , Gudeti Pavan Kumar Reddy , Tock Sietse , Koch Marcus , Parisi Daniele , Kamperman Marleen , Włodarczyk‐Biegun Małgorzata Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a powerful additive manufacturing technique to produce tissue engineering scaffolds. Despite its strength, it is limited by a small number of processable polymers. Therefore, to broaden the library of materials for MEW, we investigated the printability of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)‐poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT‐PBT), a thermoplastic elastomer. The effect of different printing parameters and material thermal degradation are studied. It is observed that the material is stable for >60 min at a printing temperature of 195 °C in a nitrogen environment. Next, two types of designs are printed and characterized: mesh‐like and semi‐random scaffolds. For both types of designs, PEOT‐PBT scaffolds reveal a higher yield strain, and lower Young's modulus as compared to control polycaprolactone scaffolds. Biological studies performed using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH‐3T3) show good cell viability and metabolic activity on all print scaffolds. SEM imaging reveals actively migrating cells on PEOT‐PBT mesh scaffolds after 24 h of culture and 98.87% of pore bridging by cells after 28 days of culture. Immunofluorescence staining shows decreased expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin from day 14 to day 28 in PEOT‐PBT mesh scaffolds. Overall, it is shown that melt electrowritten PEOT‐PBT scaffolds have great potential for soft tissue regeneration.
Functional Hydrogels for Aqueous Zinc‐Based Batteries: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Mao Lei , Li Guanjie , Zhang Binwei , Wen Kaihua , Wang Cheng , Cai Qinqin , Zhao Xun , Guo Zaiping , Zhang Shilin
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) hold great potential for green grid‐scale energy storage due to their affordability, resource abundance, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, their practical deployment is hindered by challenges related to the electrode, electrolyte, and interface. Functional hydrogels offer a promising solution to address such challenges owing to their broad electrochemical window, tunable structures, and pressure‐responsive mechanical properties. In this review, the key properties that functional hydrogels must possess for advancing AZBs, including mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, swelling behavior, and degradability, from a perspective of the full life cycle of hydrogels in AZBs are summarized. Current modification strategies aimed at enhancing these properties and improving AZB performance are also explored. The challenges and design considerations for integrating functional hydrogels with electrodes and interface are discussed. In the end, the limitations and future directions for hydrogels to bridge the gap between academia and industries for the successful deployment of AZBs are discussed.
Recent Advances in Photoredox/Chromium Dual‐Catalyzed Carbonyl Addition Reactions: A Review
Authors: Xiao Bin , Wu Kangping , Zhang Mianling , Hu Haixiang , Guo Xiaochong
Published: December 2024

The chromium‐catalysed Nozaki‐Hiyama‐Kishi (NHK) reaction is a very dependable technique for alcohol synthesis and is extensively used in the complete synthesis of natural compounds. The majority of these reactions occur via a reductive‐radical‐polar crossover (RRPCO) mechanism, which is crucial for the transformation of reactive radical intermediates. The production of radicals using photoinduced catalytic reactions is now among the most effective approaches. The photoinduced chromium‐catalysed addition reaction to carbonyl compounds is an effective technique for alcohol synthesis that integrates the benefits of photocatalysis with chromium catalysis. Photocatalysis significantly enhances the diversity of radical production, hence broadening the substrate scope in the chromium‐catalysed NHK reaction. This paper primarily examines the photoredox chromium dual‐catalysed carbonyl addition process for alcohol synthesis, including numerous methods for radical generation.
Study on Influence of AC Poling on Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Balanov Vasilii , Peräntie Jani , Palosaari Jaakko , Yadav Suhas , Bai Yang
Published: December 2024

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) provides a theory of surpassing the Schockley–Queisser limit. However, improving the BPVE efficiency to a level comparable to that of the semiconductor‐based efficiencies is challenging in practice due to conflicting material design requirements. Previous works have shown that a stacked domain structure in a rhombohedral BiFeO3 ferroelectric epitaxial thin film is able to satisfy the criteria of both a small mean free path for an optimized photocurrent and a large distance between electrodes for an optimized photovoltage. Nevertheless, this hypothesis has remained difficult to verify with other materials due to the complication of domain wall manipulation. This work takes advantage of the recent advances in controlling the domain structure in rhombohedral Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) single crystals via AC poling. By comparing the photovoltage and photocurrent values after domain manipulations in four types of commercial PMN‐PT samples, this work validates the hypothesis of the stacked domain structure enhancing the BPVE by witnessing a simultaneous increase of over 35% for both the open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current from DC to the AC‐poled states under a 405 nm laser illumination. This result paves the way for further improving the BPVE efficiency in ferroelectrics.
Advances in Ovonic Threshold Switch Selector Technologies for Storage Class Memory: From Fundamentals to Development and Beyond
Authors: Ban Sanghyun , Lee Jangseop , Seo Yoori , Lee Wootae , Kim Taehoon , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: December 2024

The explosive increase in the demand for data driven by advancements in artificial intelligence technology and rapid expansion of data centers necessitates storage class memory (SCM) capable of alleviating data traffic and workload issues. The success of SCM depends heavily on the selector. The ovonic threshold switch (OTS), a chalcogenide‐based amorphous thin film, has garnered increasing attention as a selector owing to its suitable characteristics. Here, OTS devices based on various chalcogens (tellurium, selenium, and sulfur) are reviewed, and how the selection of a chalcogen should be dictated by the specific requirements of the application is highlighted, because the OTS characteristics vary significantly depending on the choice. Additionally, OTS characteristic engineering from multiple perspectives, including material engineering via elemental doping, electrode engineering, physical property engineering via post‐treatment, and structural/interface engineering using multiple layers is reviewed. Finally, selector‐only memory (SOM) is examined, which offers better scalability and performance than the existing one‐memory and one‐selector structure, which combines an OTS with phase‐change memory. Moreover, a cost‐effective 3D vertical X‐point memory is also discussed, emphasizing that its ultimate implementation should be achieved using an SOM. Thus, insights and guidelines for OTS material design, stack engineering, and cell parameter design are provided here.
Stabilization of ZnO Catalysts for Polyesters Hydrolytic Depolymerization by Incorporation into ZrO2 Lattice: A Polylactic Acid Case Study
Authors: Liguori Francesca , Oberhauser Werner , Berretti Enrico , Poggini Lorenzo , Barbaro Pierluigi , Moreno‐Marrodán Carmen
Published: December 2024

Depolymerization is an effective strategy to achieve circularity in polyesters management. However, most of current technologies require organic solvents, homogeneous catalysts, or harsh reaction conditions, while generating considerable amounts of undesired products. Hydrolysis over heterogeneous ZnO catalyst using neat water has shown to be a sustainable method for selective depolymerization, although limited by the interaction of ZnO with the nascent carboxylic acids monomers produced, which leads to catalyst dissolution and deactivation, hence to poor catalyst reusability. Herein we demonstrated that the use of ZnO–ZrO2 mixed oxide catalysts is a successful strategy to avoid Zn leaching in solution, while maintaining catalyst activity. The hydrolytic depolymerization of polylactic acid over ZnO–ZrO2 mixed oxides at 130 °C is investigated as reference reaction, showing that catalysts with up to 10% wt Zn content resulted in complete conversion and 100% selectivity to lactic acid, with negligible Zn leaching over repeated catalyst reuses. The catalysts are characterized by a combination of solid‐state techniques, suggesting that ZnO stabilization occurs upon incorporation into the lattice of an inert ZrO2 phase.
Deep DeePC: Data‐enabled predictive control with low or no online optimization using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Zhang Kaixiang , Li Zhaojian , Yin Xunyuan
Published: December 2024

Data‐enabled predictive control (DeePC) is a data‐driven control algorithm that utilizes data matrices to form a non‐parametric representation of the underlying system, predicting future behaviors and generating optimal control actions. DeePC typically requires solving an online optimization problem, the complexity of which is heavily influenced by the amount of data used, potentially leading to expensive online computation. In this article, we leverage deep learning to propose a highly computationally efficient DeePC approach for general nonlinear processes, referred to as Deep DeePC. Specifically, a deep neural network is employed to learn the DeePC vector operator, which is an essential component of the non‐parametric representation of DeePC. This neural network is trained offline using historical open‐loop input and output data of the nonlinear process. With the trained neural network, the Deep DeePC framework is formed for online control implementation. At each sampling instant, this neural network directly outputs the DeePC operator, eliminating the need for online optimization as conventional DeePC. The optimal control action is obtained based on the DeePC operator updated by the trained neural network. To address constrained scenarios, a constraint handling scheme is further proposed and integrated with the Deep DeePC to handle hard constraints during online implementation. The efficacy and superiority of the proposed Deep DeePC approach are demonstrated using two benchmark process examples.
Associations of maternal peripregnancy cannabis use with behavioral and developmental outcomes in children with and without symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: Study to Explore Early Development
Authors: DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Crume Tessa , Holst Brady , Aiona Kaylynn , Van Dyke Julia , Croen Lisa A. , Daniels Julie L. , Friedman Sandra , Sabourin Katherine R. , Schieve Laura A. , Wiggins Lisa , Windham Gayle C. , Robinson Rosenberg Cordelia
Published: December 2024

Some studies report increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated symptoms with prenatal cannabis exposure. We examined whether associations of maternal cannabis use from 3 months preconception through delivery (“peripregnancy”) with behavior and development in the offspring varied with the presence of ASD symptoms. Children ages 30–68 months with ASD symptoms (i.e., met study criteria for ASD or had ASD symptoms on standardized assessments or community ASD diagnosis, N = 2734) and without ASD symptoms (other developmental delay/disorders or general population sample, N = 3454) were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist and Mullen Scales of Early Learning. We examined cannabis use during three time periods: peripregnancy, pregnancy, and only preconception. Peripregnancy cannabis exposure was reported for 6.0% of children with and 4.6% of children without ASD symptoms. Preconception‐only cannabis use (versus no use) was associated with more aggressive behavior, emotional reactivity, and sleep problems in children with ASD symptoms, but not in children without ASD symptoms. Cannabis use during pregnancy was associated with increased attention and sleep problems in children with ASD symptoms; these associations did not differ significantly by ASD symptoms. Peripregnancy cannabis use was not associated with child developmental abilities regardless of ASD symptoms. In summary, associations of peripregnancy cannabis use with some behavioral outcomes differed in children with and without ASD symptoms. With rising cannabis use among pregnant women, future studies that examine a range of developmental risks associated with timing and patterns of cannabis use prior to conception as well as during pregnancy could inform clinical guidance.
Fluorescent Reporter‐Based Fiber Optic Probe for Continuous Detection of Antibodies
Authors: Nandy Suman , Vu Binh V. , Maranholkar Vijay M. , Goyal Atul , Kourentzi Katerina , Willson Richard C.
Published: December 2024

Measurement of antibody and antibody fusion protein concentration is vital for process development and manufacturing. Continuous, in‐line monitoring of antibody concentration could be useful in a variety of applications, such as controlling the loading of protein A columns to prevent breakthrough, monitoring bioreactor titer, and detecting leaks past ultrafiltration/diafiltration membranes. Molecule‐specific monitoring techniques are advantageous for antibody detection in cell culture fluid in the presence of complex process impurities. Here we report a continuous in‐line, real‐time IgG monitoring platform using a fiber‐optic biosensor with a replaceable sensor tip covalently functionalized with a fluor‐labeled protein consisting of a pentamer of the Z domain (a more stable form of the B domain) of protein A. The sensor demonstrates concentration‐dependent fluorescence enhancement in the presence of human IgG (0.01–0.75 g/L), with consistent signals during five runs each with 1 and 0.1 g/L IgG, and maintains its specificity in the presence of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture fluid. A 5% breakthrough of a typical 10 g/L load would be detected in less than 20 s in a flowing stream emerging from a protein A column without prior sample preparation. This sensor platform may be suitable for monitoring IgG and fragment, crystallizable (Fc) fusion proteins in diverse upstream and downstream bioprocess applications.
Does Empowerment of National Minorities Through Sustainable Ethnic Tourism Overcome Prejudices? Lessons From Serbia
Authors: Gajić Tamara , Veljović Sonja , Petrović Marko D. , Radovanović Milan M. , Kholina Veronika N. , Dávid Lóránt Dénes
Published: December 2024

This study analyses the perceptions and attitudes of national minorities in Serbia towards the impact of ethnic tourism on the preservation of their cultural identity, economic benefits, the reduction of prejudices and the future development of ethnic‐tourism. Using a qualitative approach, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with members of different national minorities: Slovaks, Hungarians, Bosniaks, Ruthenians, Vlachs and Roma. Thematic analysis was used to identify key issues and gain insights into the views of the interviewees. The results show that ethnic tourism contributes significantly to the economic development of these communities by creating jobs and supporting local businesses. Ethnic tourism also plays a key role in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage through festivals, traditional crafts and gastronomy. Interaction with tourists helps to break down stereotypes and prejudices and promotes mutual understanding and tolerance. However, challenges are also recognised, such as the commercialization of culture and the need for sustainable practices. The importance of this research for Serbia is particularly great, as it is a country with numerous national minorities and the potential for the development of ethnic tourism. Serbia faces prejudices and stereotypes, and ethnic tourism can play a key role in reducing these prejudices and promoting cultural diversity. The results of this research can inform managers and development professionals on how to integrate sustainable practices and cultural identity into tourism strategies and thus promote the long‐term prosperity of national minorities in Serbia.
Gain insight into faculty athletics representatives’ role
Authors: Rychlak Ronald J.
Published: December 2024

All NCAA‐member institutions are required to have a faculty athletics representative, a faculty member designated by the school to serve as a liaison between the academic side of the institution and the athletics department. FARs also serve as each school's representative in conference‐ and NCAA‐related affairs. In fact, FARs play numerous important roles in an athletics department.
Navigating The Deuteration Landscape: Innovations, Challenges, and Clinical Potential of Deuterioindoles
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Shujingwei , Zhang Yang , Liu Bo , Li Xiang , Han Bo
Published: December 2024

Indoles, pivotal to the realm of drug discovery, underpin numerous FDA‐approved therapeutics. Despite their clinical benefits, pharmacokinetic and toxicity concerns have occasionally hampered their broader application. A notable advancement in this domain is the substitution of hydrogen atoms with deuterium, known as deuterium modification, which significantly enhances the pharmacological properties of these compounds. This review elucidates the progression of deuterium chemistry, culminating in approval of Deutetrabenazine in 2017. This milestone has catalyzed additional research into deuterated indoles, such as Dosimertinib, which have demonstrated enhancements in stability, toxicity profiles, and therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the review addresses challenges and patent issues in the synthesis of deuterated indoles and highlights their potential applications in precision medicine. In the future, deuterated indoles may positively impact therapy and contribute to advances in precision medicine through molecular engineering.
Multimodal Imaging of Coronary Bifurcation TAP Procedures Utilizing Visible Heart® Methodologies: EBC Recommended Steps and Bailout Procedures
Authors: Stankovic Goran , Cangemi Stefano , DeVos Amanda , Burzotta Francesco , Iaizzo Paul A.
Published: December 2024

In some cases it is critical to clinically perform coronary bifurcation stenting to minimize the potential risk for restenosis and/or stent thrombosis. The European Bifurcation Club (EBC) has provided guidelines for optimally performing such procedures. Yet, sometimes such procedures do not go as planned, and in some cases bailout procedures are required. Here we utilized Visible Heart® (VH) methodologies and multimodal visualizations to better understand each step for optimally performed T and small protrusion (TAP) procedures, as well as those in which complications occurred. These studies were performed within reanimated swine hearts in which endoscopes, fluoroscopy, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) could readily be used. Additionally, because these procedures were performed in reanimated hearts, one could intentionally cause complications, so to perform bailout procedures. Finally, following these procedures each specimen was micro CT scanned, and high resolution computational models (~40 microns) were reconstructed of the final outcomes.
Comparison of Multivessel Versus Culprit‐Vessel‐Only Revascularization in Patients With STEMI and Multivessel Disease During Primary PCI: In‐Hospital Outcomes From the CCC‐ACS Project in China
Authors: Zhao Tinghao , Wang Jun , Gu Ruoxi , Sun Dongyuan , Zheng Lingfei , Tian Xiaoxiang , Han Yaling , Wang Xiaozeng ,   CCC‐ACS investigators
Published: December 2024

Background

The consensus on whether acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) benefit from complete revascularization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear.

Aims

This study aims to assess the impact of multivessel PCI (MV‐PCI) versus culprit‐vessel‐only PCI (CV‐PCI) on in‐hospital outcomes in a Chinese population.

Methods

We evaluated STEMI patients with MVD undergoing PCI, registered in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China‐Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC‐ACS) project, from November 2014 to December 2019. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and multivariable Cox regression, we compared the incidence of in‐hospital Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) and other adverse clinical outcomes between the MV‐PCI and CV‐PCI groups.

Results

Among 8138 patients included, 840 (10.3%) underwent MV‐PCI, and 7298 (89.7%) underwent CV‐PCI. MV‐PCI was associated with higher in‐hospital MACE (2.0% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.005), all‐cause mortality (1.7% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.003), and contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) (13.6% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.002), after IPTW adjustment. The multivariable Cox analysis further validated the increased risks associated with MV‐PCI.

Conclusion

In the Chinese STEMI population with MVD, participating in the CCC‐ACS project, MV‐PCI during primary PCI was linked to higher in‐hospital adverse events compared to CV‐PCI. These findings advocate for a cautious approach to MV‐PCI in this setting, suggesting a potential preference for a staged PCI strategy for nonculprit vessels.

Trial Registration

The information of clinical trial registration for CCC‐ACS project can be found at http://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02306616
Adverse Events and Failure Modes Related to Impella RP/RP Flex: Insights From FDA MAUDE Database
Authors: Chitturi Kalyan R. , Wallace Ryan , Lorente‐Ros Marta , Merdler Ilan , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Case Brian C. , Hashim Hayder D. , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Rogers Toby , Waksman Ron
Published: December 2024

Background

Impella RP and RP Flex can provide right ventricular (RV) support in numerous clinical situations. Notably, the redesigned RP Flex allows for an internal jugular approach compared to the femoral venous approach with RP.

Aims

We investigated the type and frequency of device‐related complications as reported in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Experience (MAUDE) for both Impella RP and RP Flex to see if there are any differences.

Methods

The MAUDE database was accessed from January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2024, yielding 206 reports pertaining to Impella RP and 64 to RP Flex. Reports were reviewed for device indications, mode of device failure, and device‐related complications.

Results

The most common indication for Impella RP placement was acute myocardial infarction with RV failure. The most commonly reported failure mode was pump failure. Death was reported in 8.5% and vascular complications in 3.7% of the reports. The most reported device‐related complication was hemolysis (18.5%), followed by bleeding requiring transfusion (14.1%), with new dialysis occurring in 3.3% of patients.

Conclusions

Our analysis of the MAUDE database showed that device delivery issues, bleeding, and vascular complications accounted for a smaller proportion of reports with Impella RP Flex than with its predecessor. However, device‐related thrombosis and pump malfunction accounted for a higher proportion of reports with RP Flex. These data do not reflect the overall incidence of complications, but instead highlight the need for physicians and other healthcare providers to return devices to the manufacturer for inspection when a failure occurs.
Heparin Reversal for Coronary Artery Perforation
Authors: Sawayama Yuichi , Sasaki Kenta , Taninobu Narumi , Ikuta Akihiro , Osakada Kohei , Kubo Shunsuke , Tada Takeshi , Fuku Yasushi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kadota Kazushige
Published: December 2024

Background

Reversing heparin when managing coronary artery perforation (CAP) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can provide hemostasis but may cause coronary thrombosis if a device is still present in a coronary artery.

Aims

To assess the impact of heparin reversal while an intracoronary artery device is in place for CAP.

Methods

This study analyzed CAP cases during PCI from January 2006 to October 2023. Patients were grouped according to implementing heparin reversal while an intracoronary artery device was in place. The safety outcome was coronary thrombosis after CAP. The efficacy outcomes were successful hemostasis and death from any cause.

Results

CAP occurred in 368 of 22,368 cases (1.6%). Patients who had heparin reversal with a device in place comprised 211 (57%). Among these, coronary thrombosis occurred in 16 (7.6%). An activated clotting time (ACT) 〈150 seconds was significantly correlated with coronary thrombosis. Heparin reversal with a device in place was significantly associated with successful hemostasis (heparin reversal 91% vs. no heparin reversal 73%; adjusted odds ratio 2.78; 95% confidence interval 1.27−6.13; p = 0.011), but was not different for death from any cause (heparin reversal 4.3% vs. no heparin reversal 5.7%; adjusted odds ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.28−3.43; p = 0.964).

Conclusion

Heparin reversal with a device in place was associated with an increased risk of coronary thrombosis when ACT was less than 150 seconds. While it may not have a substantial association with a reduced risk of mortality, it offers an advantage in achieving successful hemostasis.