bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approximation Algorithm for Blocking of an Experimental Design
Authors: Karmakar Bikram
Published: October 2022

Blocked randomized designs are used to improve the precision of treatment effect estimates compared to a completely randomized design. A block is a set of units that are relatively homogeneous and consequently would tend to produce relatively similar outcomes if the treatment had no effect. The problem of finding the optimal blocking of the units into equal sized blocks of any given size larger than two is known to be a difficult problem—there is no polynomial time method guaranteed to find the optimal blocking. All available methods to solve the problem are heuristic methods. We propose methods that run in polynomial time and guarantee a blocking that is provably close to the optimal blocking. In all our simulation studies, the proposed methods perform better, create better homogeneous blocks, compared with the existing methods. Our blocking method aims to minimize the maximum of all pairwise differences of units in the same block. We show that bounding this maximum difference ensures that the error in the average treatment effect estimate is similarly bounded for all treatment assignments. In contrast, if the blocking bounds the average or sum of these differences, the error in the average treatment effect estimate can still be large in several treatment assignments.
CovNet: Covariance Networks for Functional Data on Multidimensional Domains
Authors: Sarkar Soham , Panaretos Victor M.
Published: October 2022

Covariance estimation is ubiquitous in functional data analysis. Yet, the case of functional observations over multidimensional domains introduces computational and statistical challenges, rendering the standard methods effectively inapplicable. To address this problem, we introduce Covariance Networks (CovNet) as a modelling and estimation tool. The CovNet model is universal—it can be used to approximate any covariance up to desired precision. Moreover, the model can be fitted efficiently to the data and its neural network architecture allows us to employ modern computational tools in the implementation. The CovNet model also admits a closed-form eigendecomposition, which can be computed efficiently, without constructing the covariance itself. This facilitates easy storage and subsequent manipulation of a covariance in the context of the CovNet. We establish consistency of the proposed estimator and derive its rate of convergence. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated via an extensive simulation study and an application to resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*46:01:33 allele by next generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zou Hong‐Yan , Zhong Yan‐Ping , Deng Zhi‐Hui
Published: October 2022

B*46:01:33 differs from B*46:01:01:01 by one nucleotide change at nucleotide 105 in exon 2 from C to T.
The diverse functions of the DEG/ENaC family: linking genetic and physiological insights
Authors: Kaulich Eva , Grundy Laura J. , Schafer William R. , Walker Denise S.
Published: October 2022

The DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the mammalian epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and also includes a diverse array of non‐voltage‐gated cation channels from across animal phyla, including the mammalian acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Drosophila pickpockets. ENaCs and ASICs have wide ranging medical importance; for example, ENaCs play an important role in respiratory and renal function, and ASICs in ischaemia and inflammatory pain, as well as being implicated in memory and learning. Electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, have played an essential role in establishing the physiological properties of this diverse family, identifying an array of modulators and implicating them in an extensive range of cellular functions, including mechanosensation, acid sensation and synaptic modulation. Likewise, genetic studies in both invertebrates and vertebrates have played an important role in linking our understanding of channel properties to function at the cellular and whole animal/behavioural level. Drawing together genetic and physiological evidence is essential to furthering our understanding of the precise cellular roles of DEG/ENaC channels, with the diversity among family members allowing comparative physiological studies to dissect the molecular basis of these diverse functions.

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Wind Load Effect Study on Large-Aperture Parabolic Trough Collector Mirror Fields
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Sun Jie , Xu Qi Li , Zhang Zhen Wen , Wang Li , Wei Jin Jia , Wang Steven
Published: October 2022

Large-aperture parabolic trough collectors (LPTCs) are recognized as one of the most promising next-generation linear-focus concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. However, large apertures inevitably introduce higher wind loads and stronger inter-row interactions. In the present study, a multi-physics-coupled model is established to study the wind load effect on multiple rows of LPTCs. First, it is found that wind load fluctuates significantly in the first four rows and then decreases gradually. The first and second rows suffer the most and least damage, respectively. Because wind load effect is highly dependent on the row number, it is recommended to build wind fences and reinforce the strength of collectors according to their positions in the solar field. Second, the wind load reduction effectiveness of the varied focal length design, incorporated in the LPTC, is numerically validated so that the stress and optical efficiency loss can be reduced by 29.1% and 58.9%, respectively. Finally, the optical efficiency loss is first introduced to evaluate the wind load reduction performance of different mirror gap sizes. The optimal mirror gap size is found to be dependent on the weight coefficient between the wind load reduction and the optical efficiency, which should be determined by the actual scenario. For weight coefficients of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, optimal mirror gap sizes of 90 mm, 30 mm, and 120 mm, respectively, are recommended for reference.
Analysis of Hemispherical Contact With Graded Elasticity Under Full-Stick Condition
Authors: Jana Tamonash , Mitra Anirban , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: October 2022

Finite element based analysis of full-stick contact between a functionally graded hemispherical asperity and a rigid flat is carried out under tangential loading. In the adopted gradation model, Young’s modulus and tangent modulus (considering bilinear isotropic hardening model) are varied according to an exponential function in the radial direction of the hemisphere. Under post-flattening tangential loading, the FGM hemispherical asperity contact is investigated for different values of gradation parameters. Different aspects of contact behavior, i.e., tangential and normal contact forces, contact area, contact pressure, etc. are investigated under the influence of varying gradation parameters. The evolution of stresses and deformation in the asperity are also studied for different gradation parameters.
High thickness uniformity of 2-in. wafer-scale β-Ga2O3 films grown by MOCVD and photoelectrical properties
Authors: Yue Jianying , Ji Xueqiang , Li Shan , Yan Zuyong , Qi Xiaohui , Li Peigang , Tang Weihua
Published: October 2022

In this study, 2-in. wafer-scale large-area β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films were fabricated on c-plane sapphire substrates via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope, and photoelectric properties were carried out to disclose the material uniformity of large-scale β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films. Even with film thickness as thick as 1.5 μm, the grown β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films demonstrated high crystal quality with an average FWHM of 1.71° and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.035, smooth surface morphology with an average root-mean-square of 5.45 nm and a slight deviation of 0.09 nm, outstanding thickness uniformity with an average film thickness of 1.55 μm and SD value of only 28 nm. Furthermore, each β-Ga2O3 photodetector on epitaxial wafer expressed uniform stability of the photoelectric performance distribution. High material uniformity of our fabricated large-scale β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films lays a solid foundation for its future mass production of Ga2O3-based devices.
Mindfulness practice in the physics classroom
Authors: Gipson Karen
Published: October 2022

One fateful morning in June 2010, I awoke extremely dizzy and quite disoriented. I was determined to go to work and teach my last class of summer school, but I got a bit of a late start—skipping my usual coffee, instead heading directly to the bathroom to take a quick shower before driving to campus. How little I suspected what was in store! While in the shower, I was puzzled why my shampoo bottle was so hard to squeeze. “They must be making this out of some new kind of plastic,” my confused brain mused, but some part of me undoubtedly knew something was amiss, as I stepped out of the shower very quickly. A moment later, I fell, completely paralyzed on my right side. Awareness dawned—could I be having a stroke? As I lay for hours on the cold bathroom floor, that question became a certainty. I watched my plans for my busy day evaporate. There was nowhere to go, nothing to do but wait for my son to awaken so I could get help. In the meantime, I was free to ponder the richness of the myriad phases of my life. I was free to appreciate the sublime light playing off the bathroom tiles. I was free.
Low-Cost Methods for Improving Data Collection Speed in Microwave Bragg Diffraction
Authors: Ekkens Tom
Published: October 2022

In many introductory physics classes, diffraction of light is introduced first, then more advanced diffraction topics such as x-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, and crystallography are covered. Since using x-rays raises safety concerns and atomic spacing in a crystal is not easy to change, microwaves with macroscopic crystals have been used to study Bragg’s law in the undergraduate laboratory. A number of scientific supply companies, including PASCO and 3B Scientific, sell 10-GHz microwave optics systems. However, using these systems within the parameters of the manufacturer’s procedure for a Bragg diffraction lab poses some challenges. First, the receiver and transmitter must be manually positioned, making the data collection process slow. Second, the microwaves should be plane waves and the receiver should be located beyond the far-field limit. These 10-GHz microwave optics systems are low power, making them safe for lab use, but this limits the crystal size and working distance between the transmitter and receiver to under 1000 mm. The experimental setup suggested by the manufacturer separates the transmitter and receiver by about 10 wavelengths from the center of rotation. While the bells on the transmitter and receiver help with producing plane waves, it is expected that ideal conditions for Bragg’s law are not completely fulfilled. Indeed, the experiment guide warns of errors up to 15% and unexplained peaks in the data.
Triboelectric Series Using a Simple Charge Sign Checker
Authors: Morishige Hina , Kato Tetsuya
Published: October 2022

Prompt determination of the positive or negative signs of charged objects promotes students’ understanding of electrostatics and motivates them to learn more about this field of physics. We developed a low-cost (about US$5) and easy-to-use device for checking the signs of the static charges in objects. It consists of two easy-to-build circuits, one for positive- and another for negative-charge detection. Both are composed of a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), an LED indicator, a tactile switch (momentary contact switch), and a jumper wire. In this paper, we provide instruction on how to build this device. Junior high school students who used it successfully created a triboelectric series by testing various daily-life materials. A free-response questionnaire revealed that the device is highly useful for consolidating students’ understanding of static electricity.
Acoustic characterization of magnetic braking with a smartphone
Authors: Sepúlveda Camila F. Marín , Castro-Palacio Juan C. , Salinas Isabel , Monsoriu Juan A.
Published: October 2022

Smartphone sensors have shown to be adequate to perform physics experiments in high school and first-year university physics courses. The published work covers a wide range of topics within general physics such as linear and circular motions, oscillations, beats, acoustics, and optics, among others. The microphone and speakers have been particularly useful for studying sound phenomena, such as the determination of the speed of sound, the study of acoustic beats, or the Doppler effect.
Comparative Genomic Insights into Chemoreceptor Diversity and Habitat Adaptation of Archaea
Authors: Cha Guihong , Liu Yugeng , Yang Qing , Bai Liping , Cheng Lei , Fan Wei
Published: October 2022

Archaea are capable of sensing and responding to environmental changes by several signal transduction systems with different mechanisms. Much attention is paid to model organisms with complex signaling networks to understand their composition and function, but general principles regarding how an archaeal species organizes its chemoreceptor diversity and habitat adaptation are poorly understood.
The Potential Role of Passive Antibody-Based Therapies as Treatments for Monkeypox
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Sullivan David J. , Shoham Shmuel , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Casadevall Arturo , Gebo Kelly A.
Published: October 2022

Monkeypox is an infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The clinical findings in monkeypox include fever and rash.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clinical Isolate USM026 of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Yamin Dina , Wan Juhari Wan Khairunnisa , Hanis Zainal Abidin Nur Waliyuddin , Mat-Sharani Shuhaila , Harun Azian
Published: October 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a
Candida parapsilosis
clinical isolate (USM026) that was recovered from a blood sample from a patient who was treated for a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The draft genome is 12,839,916 bp in length, with 22,076,712 reads, 249 scaffolds, and 5,537 genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus halotolerans IcBac2.1, a Strain with Potential as a Phytopathogen Control Agent
Authors: Memenza-Zegarra Miriam , Ormeño-Orrillo Ernesto , Zúñiga-Dávila Doris
Published: October 2022

Several species of the genus
Bacillus
are used as plant growth-promoting bacteria. In particular, species of the subtilis group are known as good antagonists of phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a rhizospheric
Bacillus
strain with promising abilities as a biocontrol agent.
Genome Sequence of Cluster BI1 Streptomyces griseus Phage TaidaOne
Authors: Lin Nai-Chun , Liao Chieh-Ling , Cheng Che-Yu , Chen Ping-Hua , Chen Shi-Wing , Cheng Kuang-Chun , Fernandez Marwin , Hou Ting-Kai , Jiang Bo-Chen , Liao Nai-Shun , Pao Tien , Wong Ying-Ying , Yang Hsiang-Yu , Chung Hui-Min
Published: October 2022

Bacteriophage TaidaOne was isolated from soil collected in Taipei, Taiwan, using the host
Streptomyces griseus
. It is a siphovirus with a 56,183-bp genome that contains 86 protein-coding genes. Based on gene content similarity, it was assigned to actinobacteriophage subcluster BI1, within which only TaidaOne and GirlPower genomes contain an acetyltransferase homolog gene.
Genome Sequences of Gordonia rubripertincta Phages LilyPad and PokyPuppy
Authors: Eleven Ella , Esparza Casia , Abernathy Alivia , Bradshaw Ashley , Garcia Marisa , Jobe Nathaniel , Pyper Kennedi , Skaar Cassandra , Goncz Kaarin , Sharbrough Joel , DeVeaux Linda C.
Published: October 2022

Two lytic phages infecting
Gordonia rubripertincta
were isolated from irrigated desert soil. Phage LilyPad and PokyPuppy have 64,158-bp and 77,065-bp genomes, respectively. Based on gene content similarity to phages in the Actinobacteriophage database, LilyPad is assigned to phage subcluster DG1 and PokyPuppy to subcluster CS2.
The Antibacterial Activity of Kaempferol Combined with Colistin against Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Zhou Huijing , Xu Mengxin , Guo Wenhui , Yao Zhuocheng , Du Xin , Chen Lijiang , Sun Yao , Shi Shiyi , Cao Jianming , Zhou Tieli
Published: October 2022

COL is one of the few antibiotics effective against clinical isolates of GNB. However, in recent years, GNB resistance to colistin has been increasing.
Molecular Epidemiology of Neonatal-Associated Staphylococcus haemolyticus Reveals Endemic Outbreak
Authors: Westberg Ronja , Stegger Marc , Söderquist Bo
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the relatedness of
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
isolated from neonatal blood and revealed a clonal outbreak in the 1990s at a Swedish neonatal intensive care unit. The outbreak clone has earlier been isolated in Japan and Norway.
Increased Rate of Yeast Cultivation from Packaged Beer with Environmentally Relevant Anaerobic Handling
Authors: Pai Kira , Stout Ginger , Zimmer Theresa , Jacobs Clayton , Ver Eecke Helene
Published: October 2022

Procedures of beer production and packaging exclude oxygen to create a shelf-stable anaerobic environment, within which any viable organisms are stored. However, standard methodologies to cultivate microbes from such environments generally include opening in an oxygenated atmosphere.
Multisite Performance Evaluation of the cobas 5800 System and Comparison to the cobas 6800/8800 Systems for Quantitative Measurement of HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 Viral Load
Authors: Tschäpe Jakob , Cobernuss-Rahn Anika , Boyle Sean , Parkin Neil , LaBrot Ben , Aslam Shagufta , Young Stephen , Gohl Peter
Published: October 2022

These are the first published data that demonstrate equivalent performance of the new cobas 5800 system compared with cobas 6800. This fulfills an unmet need for low- to mid-throughout laboratories seeking to optimize efficiency of their viral molecular testing.
Generation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Transmembrane Protease Serine 2-Double-Positive Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spheroids for Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Drug Evaluation
Authors: Higashi-Kuwata Nobuyo , Yabe Shigeharu G. , Fukuda Satsuki , Nishida Junko , Tamura-Nakano Miwa , Hattori Shin-ichiro , Okochi Hitoshi , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

The hiPSC-derived spheroids we generated are more expensive to obtain than the human cell lines currently available for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug evaluation, such as Calu-3 cells; however, the spheroids have better infection susceptibility than the existing human cell lines. Although we are cognizant that there are human lung (and colonic) organoid models for the study of SARS-CoV-2, the production of those organoids is greatly more costly and time consuming than the generation of human iPSC-derived spheroid cells.
Targeted Metabolomics and High-Throughput RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptomics Reveal Massive Changes in the Streptomyces venezuelae NRRL B-65442 Metabolism Caused by Ethanol Shock
Authors: Sekurova Olga N. , Zehl Martin , Predl Michael , Hunyadi Peter , Rattei Thomas , Zotchev Sergey B.
Published: October 2022

Streptomyces
spp. are filamentous Gram-positive bacteria known as versatile producers of secondary metabolites, of which some have been developed into human medicines against infections and cancer. The genomes of these bacteria harbor dozens of gene clusters governing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (BGCs), of which most are not expressed under laboratory conditions.
Supplemental Material: Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphic framework for central Idaho: Windermere Supergroup in the northern sector of the U.S. Cordillera
Authors: Brennan Daniel , al. et
Published: October 2022

 Detrital zircon U-Pb/Lu-Hf data tables 
Hepatic arterial haemorrhage caused by duodenal ulcer
Authors: Caragher Seamus , Wang Danny , Moonsamy Philicia , Fagenholz Peter
Published: October 2022

A man in his late 60s with prior Hartman’s procedure underwent colostomy takedown and complex ventral hernia repair. He subsequently developed gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from a duodenal bulb ulcer. Despite five endoscopic procedures aimed at achieving haemostasis, including placement of an over-the-scope clip, and four endovascular embolisations (inferior and superior pancreaticoduodenal, right gastroepiploic and gastroduodenal arteries), the patient continued to experience episodic, haemodynamically significant bleeding. He eventually required emergency exploratory laparotomy, where the proper hepatic artery was identified as the source (a previously unreported phenomenon). He underwent antrectomy and proper hepatic artery ligation. This case highlights the need to interrogate all portions of the hepatic vasculature in the treatment of refractory GI bleeding.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of vagina with prolonged survival
Authors: Leal-Costa Luísa , Godinho João , Simões Pedro , Casa-Nova Mafalda
Published: October 2022

We report the case of a woman in her 70s with a stage IVA small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina. The patient started chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Pelvic MRI after completion of treatment did not show residual disease. Three years and 8 months after definitive treatment, the patient remains on regular follow-up without evidence of disease.
Series of virtual light therapy interventions for fatigue: a feasibility pilot study protocol for a series of personalised (N-of-1) trials
Authors: Butler Mark , D'Angelo Stefani , Lewis Courtney , Miller Danielle , Perrin Alexandra , Suls Jerry , Chandereng Thevaa , Cheung Ying Kuen , Davidson Karina W
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Fatigue is one of the most commonly recorded patient symptoms that can result in deficits in aspects of psychomotor functioning, cognition, work performance and mood. Research shows that bright light and dim light therapy may be an efficacious way to reduce symptoms of fatigue. Still, the feasibility, scalability, individual treatment effects and adverse event heterogeneity of these treatments are unknown.

Methods and analysis

The current study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a series of personalised (N-of-1) interventions for virtual delivery of bright light therapy and dim light therapy versus usual care treatment for fatigue in 60 participants. We hypothesise that this study will provide valuable information about implementing virtual, N-of-1 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for fatigue. It will also offer results about determining participants’ ratings of usability and satisfaction with the virtual, personalised intervention delivery system; evaluating participants’ improvement of fatigue symptoms; and, in the long term, identify ways to integrate N-of-1 light therapy trials into patient care.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial was approved by the Northwell Health Institutional Review Board. The trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. All publications resulting from this series of personalised trials will follow the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials extension for N-of-1 trials CENT 2015 reporting guidelines.

Registration details

This trial is registered inwww.ClinicalTrials.gov(numberNCT04707846).

Trial registration number

NCT04707846.
Public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among residents of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional online study
Authors: Almeshari Meshari , Abanomy Ahmad , Alzamil Yasser , Alyahyawi Amjad , Al-Thomali Asma W , Alshihri Abdulaziz A , Althomali Omar W
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is essential for protecting the world population and stopping the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aimed to measure public acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination and the factors that may play an important role in increasing the acceptance of vaccinations in future pandemics.

Design

A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted through a survey designed using the Google Forms platform. In this study, a logistic regression analysis was used to study and detect the variables linked to the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. To meet inclusion criteria, participants had to be 18 years or older at the time of collecting the data, reside in Saudi Arabia at the time of the survey, agree to the consent form and be able to complete the survey in Arabic.

Setting

Randomly selected residents of Saudi Arabia.

Number of participants

1658.

Results

In general, the population of Saudi Arabia is supportive of the COVID-19 vaccine (72.0%) and has one of the highest acceptance rates, according to global studies. We found that men (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.97) were less likely to hesitate with regard to taking the vaccine, whereas previously infected individuals were more likely to hesitate (OR 1.77; 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.50). Those with a lower monthly income (<3000 Saudi riyal) were more likely to refuse the vaccine (OR 3.54; 95% CI: 1.81 to 6.91), while those living in cities (OR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.99) and the unemployed (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.83) were less likely to refuse it. Participants’ history of viral infection and trust in the healthcare system were found to be important factors in the public’s acceptance of the vaccine.

Conclusion

In general, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination is high in Saudi Arabia. Several factors have shown a method for predicting those who might reject the vaccine or hesitate to take it; thus, the healthcare system should target those residents throughout the campaign. Based on the conclusions of the current research, the acceptance of vaccinations could be increased.
Mechanical thrombectomy first versus direct angioplasty or stenting for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related large vessel occlusion: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Min Xiaoli , Li Wei , Zhao Hengxiao , Chen Quanming , Zheng Jiaxin , Zhao Xiaohong , Zhao Qing , Bai Xuesong , Dmytriw Adam Andrew , Patel Aman B , Feng Yao , Cao Wenbo , Wang Xue , Jiao Liqun
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using stent retrievers or a direct aspiration first-pass technique has proven to yield better results over intravenous thrombolysis in treating acute ischaemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related LVO remains unclear and has been a critical problem in daily clinical practice, as it can cause a relatively high failure rate for MT. Whether direct angioplasty and/or stenting is clinically feasible and shows advantage in reducing delay to revascularisation with better functional outcome compared with MT with rescue angioplasty and/or stenting remains unclear. This study seeks to provide direct and practical clinical evidence for clinicians.

Methods and analysis

The main databases of PubMed, the Cochrane library, Embase and Web of Science will be screened for related studies published after1 January 2015. Primary outcomes include successful recanalisation and 90-day favourable outcome. Secondary outcomes include puncture to revascularisation time, vascular complication (perforation, dissection and vasospasm), intracerebral haemorrhage, hospital-related complications and 90-day mortality. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be adopted to assess risk bias of observational studies. TheI2statistic will be used to assess heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination

No primary data of patients are needed. Therefore, ethics approval is unnecessary. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021268061.
NAVIGATE: improving survival in vulnerable patients with lung cancer through nurse navigation, symptom monitoring and exercise – study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Langballe Rikke , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Jakobsen Erik , Karlsen Randi Valbjørn , Iachina Maria , Freund Karen M , Leclair Amy , Nielsen Anette Søgaard , Andersen Elisabeth Anne Wreford , Rosthøj Susanne , Jørgensen Lars Bo , Skou Søren Thorgaard , Bidstrup Pernille Envold
Published: October 2022

Introduction and aim

Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been shown to be strongly associated with impaired lung cancer survival. Barriers related to receiving recommended treatment among patients with lung cancer with low SEP may include adverse health behaviour and limited physical and psychosocial resources influencing the ability to react on high-risk symptoms and to navigate the healthcare system. To address the underlying factors that drive both decisions of treatment, adherence to treatment and follow-up in vulnerable patients with lung cancer, we developed the Navigate intervention. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate the effect of the intervention on survival (primary outcome), lung cancer treatment adherence, health-related quality of life and other psychosocial outcomes as well as health costs and process evaluation (secondary outcomes) in a study population of vulnerable patients with lung cancer.

Methods and analysis

This two-armed multicentre randomised trial will recruit patients from five lung cancer clinics in Denmark identified as vulnerable according to a screening instrument with nine clinical and patient-reported vulnerability criteria developed for the study. We will enrol 518 vulnerable patients>18 years old diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer at all stages with a performance status<2. Participants will be randomly allocated to either standard treatment and intervention or standard treatment alone. The Navigate intervention is based on principles from motivational interviewing and includes three components of nurse navigation, systematic monitoring of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and physical exercise in a person-centred delivery model. Data will be collected at baseline and 3, 6, 12 months after randomisation using questionnaires, clinical data and physical function tests.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics Committee, Region Zealand (SJ-884/EMN-2020-37380) and the Data Protection Agency in Region Zealand (REG-080-2021) approved the trial. Participants will provide written informed consent. Results will be reported in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05053997.
Development of a model for shared care between general practice and mental healthcare: a protocol for a co-production study
Authors: Marcussen Michael , Berring Lene , Hørder Mogens , Søndergaard Jens , Nørgaard Birgitte
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Mental health illness represents one of the greatest health burdens in the world. It is well documented that treatment of these illnesses could be optimised through strengthened collaboration between general practice and specialised mental healthcare services (shared care). Furthermore, involvement of users in the design of new interventions to strengthen end-user value and sustainability is key. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a shared care intervention in co-production with users.

Methods and analysis

The study will take place at psychiatric outpatient clinics in Denmark.

The project is described in four sequential steps, each informing and leading into the next: a systematic review (step 1) will be followed by an exploratory study investigating how stakeholders (general practitioners, mental healthcare staff and patients) perceive existing treatment and collaboration between general practice and mental health services. Steps 1 and 2 will inform and qualify the intervention that will be developed in step 3 as a co-creation study. Step 4 will assess the intervention in a feasibility study. Step 4 will be designed as a non-randomised intervention study with a control group with preassessments and postassessments. In total, 240 patients will be recruited. Questionnaires will be administered to the participants at their first visit to an outpatient clinic and again after 3 months. The primary outcome will be patients’ self-reported mental health status (Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) and recovery (revised Recovery Assessment Scale, RAS-R). Recruitment will take place from June 2023 to May 2024.

Ethics and dissemination

The project is approved by the ethics committee (REG-016–2022). Informed consent based on written and verbal information about the aims, purpose and use of the study and the data collection will be obtained from all participants. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.

Trial registration number

NCT05172375.

Prospero registration number

287989.
Effect of online physical therapy on workplace accident-related outcomes in nursing care worker: study protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Higuchi Shuto , Funatsu Kouhei , Nawata Keishi , Kuhara Satoshi , Fujino Yoshihisa , Saeki Satoru
Published: October 2022

Introduction

According to the 2017 data, occupational accidents are more common in social welfare facilities compared with other industries; in particular, the number of occupational accidents resulting in four or more days of absence from work due to low back pain (LBP) or falls has increased and is considered problematic. Although physical therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing LBP and falls in older adults living in the community, no randomised controlled trials have examined whether individual online physical therapy can prevent LBP and falls in nursing care workers (NCW).

Methods and analysis

A total of 120 NCW aged 20 years or older will be randomly assigned to an online individualised therapy group (ITG) or usual group (UG) after obtaining informed consent. We defined an NCW as a person who assists disabled and elderly persons with eating, bathing and toileting activities in social welfare facilities. We will follow-up the participants 12 months after the start of the intervention and compare the results at 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary endpoint will be the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); ITG participants will receive professional advice on LBP and musculoskeletal problems from a physical therapist via online interview and email as often as they wish over a 6-month period; UG participants will only have access to brochures and video feeds related to LBP and fall prevention. Owing to the nature of the study, blinding the participants and interventionists is not possible; however, the outcomes will be assessed via a web-based questionnaire to prevent detection bias. The null hypothesis is that there is no clinically important difference in the primary outcome between the two treatment groups and that a decrease in the ODI score of at least 20% is clinically meaningful.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Committee of the Japanese Society of Occupational Medicine approved the protocol of this study. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

jRCT1070210128.
Cohort profile: Health trajectories of Immigrant Children (CRIAS)–a prospective cohort study in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Muggli Zélia , Mertens Thierry , Amado Regina , Teixeira Ana Lúcia , Vaz Dora , Pires Melanie , Loureiro Helena , Fronteira Inês , Abecasis Ana B , Silva António Carlos , Martins Maria Rosário O
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The CRIAS (Health trajectories of Immigrant Children in Amadora) cohort study was created to explore whether children exposed to a migratory process experience different health risks over time, including physical health, cognitive, socioemotional and behavioural challenges and different healthcare utilisation patterns.

Participants

The original CRIAS was set up to include 604 children born in 2015, of whom 50% were immigrants, and their parents. Recruitment of 420 children took place between June 2019 and March 2020 at age 4/5 years, with follow-up carried out at age 5/6 years, at age 6/7 years currently under way.

Findings to date

Baseline data at age 4/5 years (2019–2020) suggested immigrant children to be more likely to belong to families with less income, compared with non-immigrant children. Being a first-generation immigrant child increased the odds of emotional and behavioural difficulties (adjusted OR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.76); more immigrant children required monitoring of items in the psychomotor development test (38.5% vs 28.3%). The prevalence of primary care utilisation was slightly higher among immigrant children (78.0% vs 73.8%), yet they received less health monitoring assessments for age 4 years. Utilisation of the hospital emergency department was higher among immigrants (53.2% vs 40.6%). Age 5 years follow-up (2020–2021) confirmed more immigrant children requiring monitoring of psychomotor development, compared with non-immigrant children (33.9% vs 21.6%). Economic inequalities exacerbated by post-COVID-19 pandemic confinement with parents of immigrant children 3.2 times more likely to have their household income decreased.

Future plans

Further follow-up will take place at 8, 10, 12/13 and 15 years of age. Funds awarded by the National Science Foundation will allow 900 more children from four other Lisbon area municipalities to be included in the cohort (cohort-sequential design).
Canadian Anaphylaxis Network-Predicting Recurrence after Emergency Presentation for Allergic REaction (CAN-PREPARE): a prospective, cohort study protocol
Authors: Alqurashi Waleed , Shaker Marcus , Wells George A , Collins Gary Stephen , Greenhawt Matthew , Curran Janet A , Zemek Roger , Schuh Suzanne , Ellis Anne , Gerdts Jennifer , Kreviazuk Cheryl , Dixon Andrew , Eltorki Mohamed , Freedman Stephen B , Gravel Jocelyn , Poonai Naveen , Worm Margitta , Plint Amy C
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal multiorgan system manifestation of an allergic reaction. The highest incidence of anaphylaxis is in children and adolescents. Biphasic anaphylaxis (BA) is defined as the recurrence of allergic symptoms after resolution of an initial reaction. It has been reported to occur in 10%–20% of cases within 1–48 hours from the onset of the initial reaction. The dilemma for physicians is determining which patients with resolved anaphylaxis should be observed for BA and for how long. Guidelines for duration of postanaphylaxis monitoring vary, are based on limited evidence and can have unintended negative impacts on patient safety, quality of life and healthcare resources. The objectives of this study are to derive a prognostic model for BA and to develop a risk-scoring system that informs disposition decisions of children who present to emergency departments (ED) with anaphylaxis.

Methods and analysis

This prospective multicentre cohort study will enrol 1682 patients from seven paediatric EDs that are members of the Paediatric Emergency Research Canada network. We will enrol patients younger than 18 years of age with an allergic reaction meeting anaphylaxis diagnostic criteria. Trained ED research assistants will screen, obtain consent and prospectively collect study data. Research assistants will follow patients during their ED visit and ascertain, in conjunction with the medical team, if the patient develops BA. A standardised follow-up survey conducted following study enrolment will determine if a biphasic reaction occurred after ED disposition. Model development will conform to the broad principles of the PROGRESS (Prognosis Research Strategy) framework and reporting will follow the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis Statement.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been received from all participating centres. Our dissemination plan focuses on informing clinicians, policy makers and parents of the results through publication in peer-reviewed journals and broadcasting on multiple media platforms.

Trial registration number

NCT05135377.
Incidence and outcomes of acute mesenteric ischaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tamme Kadri , Reintam Blaser Annika , Laisaar Kaja-Triin , Mändul Merli , Kals Jaak , Forbes Alastair , Kiss Olga , Acosta Stefan , Bjørck Martin , Starkopf Joel
Published: October 2022

Objective

To estimate the incidence of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI), proportions of its different forms and short-term and long-term mortality.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched until 26 July 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Studies reporting data on the incidence and outcomes of AMI in adult populations.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction and quality assessment with modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale were performed using predeveloped standard forms. The outcomes were the incidence of AMI and its different forms in the general population and in patients admitted to hospital, and the mortality of AMI in its different forms.

Results

From 3064 records, 335 full texts were reviewed and 163 included in the quantitative analysis. The mean incidence of AMI was 6.2 (95% CI 1.9 to 12.9) per 100 000 person years. On average 5.0 (95% CI 3.3 to 7.1) of 10 000 hospital admissions were due to AMI. Occlusive arterial AMI was the most common form constituting 68.6% (95% CI 63.7 to 73.2) of all AMI cases, with similar proportions of embolism and thrombosis.

Overall short-term mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days) of AMI was 59.6% (95% CI 55.5 to 63.6), being 68.7% (95% CI 60.8 to 74.9) in patients treated before the year 2000 and 55.0% (95% CI 45.5 to 64.1) in patients treated from 2000 onwards (p<0.05). The mid/long-term mortality of AMI was 68.2% (95% CI 60.7 to 74.9). Mortality due to mesenteric venous thrombosis was 24.6% (95% CI 17.0 to 32.9) and of non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia 58.4% (95% CI 48.6 to 67.7). The short-term mortality of revascularised occlusive arterial AMI was 33.9% (95% CI 30.7 to 37.4).

Conclusions

In adult patients, AMI is a rarely diagnosed condition with high mortality, although with improvement of treatment results over the last decades. Two thirds of AMI cases are of occlusive arterial origin with potential for better survival if revascularised.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021247148.
Occupational health hazards among healthcare providers and ancillary staff in Ghana: a scoping review
Authors: Tawiah Philip Apraku , Baffour-Awuah Alberta , Effah Emmanuel Sintim , Adu-Fosu Geoffrey , Ashinyo Mary Eyram , Alhassan Robert Kaba , Appiah-Brempong Emmanuel , Afriyie-Gyawu Evans
Published: October 2022

Objective

The strict implementation of occupational health and safety policy curbs exposure to occupational hazards. However, empirical evidence is lacking in the Ghanaian context. This review primarily aimed to explore exposure to occupational hazards among healthcare providers and ancillary staff in Ghana.

Design

A scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and Levacet al’s methodological enhancement.

Data sources

Searches were conducted of the PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar and websites of tertiary institutions in Ghana, for publications from 1 January 2010 to 30 November 2021.

Eligibility criteria

Quantitative studies that were published in the English language and focused on occupational exposure to biological and/or non-biological hazards among healthcare professionals in Ghana were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted the data based on the type of occupational exposure and descriptive characteristics of the studies. The data are presented in tables and graphs. A narrative summary of review findings was prepared based on the review research questions.

Results

Our systematic search strategy retrieved 507 publications; however, only 43 met the inclusion criteria. A little over one-quarter were unpublished theses/dissertations. The included studies were related to biological, psychosocial, ergonomic and other non-biological hazards. 55.8% of the studies were related to exposure to biological hazards and related preventive measures. In general, health workers were reported to use and comply with control and preventive measures; however, knowledge of control and preventive measures was suboptimal.

Conclusion

Work is needed to address the issue of occupational health hazard exposure in Ghana’s health system. More research is needed to understand the extent of these exposures and their effects on the health system.
Mediating role of homebound status between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in the USA: a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study
Authors: Peng Wenting , Miyawaki Christina E , Okoye Safiyyah M , Wang Wenru , Luo Yuqian , Mo Cen , Liu Minhui
Published: October 2022

Objective

Depressive symptoms are known modifiable factors of cognitive impairment in older adults. However, the pathway through which depressive symptoms lead to cognitive impairment is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether homebound status (defined as usually unable to leave home unassisted) mediates the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in the USA.

Design

A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.

Setting(s)

Communities in the USA.

Participants

Community-dwelling older adults (N=7537) from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative survey of Medicare Beneficiaries in the USA.

Main outcome measures

Participants’ cognitive impairment status was classified using a composite measure. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Homebound status was determined by the frequency, difficulty and needing help in getting outdoors. We used logistic regression and the Paramed command in STATA to analyse whether homebound mediated the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.

Results

Participants were on average, 77.7 years old, female (58.3%) and non-Hispanic white (68.1%). About 26% of the participants were classified as having cognitive impairment, 16% reported depressive symptoms and 25% were homebound. Depressive symptoms (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.89) and homebound status (adjusted OR, 1.58; 95% CI 1.34 to 1.86) were independently associated with cognitive impairment. Homebound significantly mediated 12.5% of the total effect between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment, with significant indirect effect (OR, 1.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.10), direct effect (OR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.91) and total effect (OR, 1.72; 95% CI 1.46 to 2.03).

Conclusions

This study supports a mediating role of homebound status in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. Interventions to promote outdoor mobility should be studied for their ability to delay cognitive impairment for older adults with depressive symptoms.