bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntopy and pathomorphology of the volar ganglions
Authors: Stepanov M. Yu. , Baytinger A. V. , Baytinger V. F.
Published: July 2024

The aim of our work was to study the syntopy and pathomorphology of excised volar ganglia. The study design involved two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients with volar ganglion of the wrist joint who underwent treatment at the Microsurgery Research Institute clinic from October 2022 to January 2023. All patients underwent open excision of the volar ganglion under the control of 3× optical magnification. During the operation, the syntopy of the ganglion was studied in all patients, and a sample of the wrist joint capsule was taken for morphological examination, where the ganglion pedicle and the ganglion itself were attached. Anatomical material (7 specimens) served as a control a similar area of the wrist joint capsule taken from patients without wrist pathology, obtained from the pathological anatomy office. To determine the syntopy of the ganglion pedicle, intraoperative radiographic examination of the wrist joint was performed. The ganglion and the excised capsule segment were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, then subjected to histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The pathomorphological picture of the excised joint capsule segment, adjacent to the ganglion pedicle, showed that the visually unchanged joint capsule consisted of coarse fibrous connective tissue with hyalinosis and areas of focal myxomatosis, with an increased number of fibrocytes and fibroblasts, as well as a small number of mononuclear elements.

The assessment of the pathomorphology of the volar ganglion itself showed that it was similar to the capsule, represented by coarse fibrous connective tissue with areas of hyalinosis. The epithelial lining was absent. Numerous areas of myxomatosis with uneven mononuclear infiltration and foci with a large number of fibroblastic and histiocytoid elements were present. The capsule and the volar ganglion itself had identical histological structures.
The Clinic's first experience in treating large and giant postoperative ventral hernia using the posterior separation technique Transversus Abdominis Release
Authors: Popov К. M. , Bashirov S. R. , Onischenko A. V. , Tovarova I. R. , Zakhartchenko A. Е. , Yantsevich S. G. , Valeeva D. M.
Published: July 2024

Currently, more than half of open surgical interventions on the abdominal organs are complicated by the formation of large and giant postoperative ventral hernias. At the same time, there is no universal hernioplasty technique, and operations performed for large and giant hernias remain technically complex and traumatic. With a significant size of the hernial orifice, an attempt to connect tissues located bilaterally from the defect can present certain technical difficulties and lead to an uncontrolled and dangerous increase in intra-abdominal pressure. The article presents the clinic's first experience in the treatment of large and giant postoperative ventral hernias using the TAR (Transversus Abdominis Release) posterior separation technique. The medical histories of 18 patients (13 women and 5 men) who were treated at the General Surgery Clinic of the Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk, Russia) in 2022–2023, who underwent TAR posterior separation hernia alloplasty, were analyzed. According to CT herniometry, the volume of the abdominal cavity was on average (6903 ± 2831) cm3, the volume of the hernia – (1780 ± 1381) cm3, the ratio of the hernia volume to the volume of the abdominal cavity varied from 10 to 49%, averaging (24.3 ± 12.2) %. The postoperative period in all patients was without complications. The postoperative hospital stay was (7.5 ± 2.7) days. The observation period for patients ranged from 3 months to 1.5 years. No cases of hernia recurrence were recorded.
Comparative analysis of the results of plastic replacement of non-extensive sternum defects in patients with deep postoperative sternomediastinitis
Authors: Zhdanov A. I. , Pavlyuchenko S. V. , Khodorkovsky M. A. , Popov K. V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study: to increase the effectiveness of plastic replacement of non-extensive sternum defects through the use of de-epidermized skin-fascial flaps.

Material and methods. To perform this work, a cohort study model was selected in the form of a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated for postoperative sternomediastinitis. 119 medical records were selected for comparative analysis, according to the criteria for inclusion in this study. Depending on the method of plastic replacement of the bone-soft tissue defect of the anterior chest wall, patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st group (56 patients) – plastic surgery with T-shaped deepidermized skin fascial flaps; 2nd group (29 patients) – plastic surgery with a flap of the pectoral muscle and 3rd group (34 patients) – rheosteosynthesis of the sternum with fixators made of inert materials.

The effectiveness of plastic replacement of the sternum defect was evaluated using computed tomography of the chest organs (elimination of diastasis between the sternum flaps, absence of signs of destruction of the sternum bone tissue) and microbiological studies (conducting a series of seeding of the discharge from the wound and drains to determine complete elimination or reduction of the level of CFU/g of microbial agents to 103). The obtained values were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results. Analysis of the results of the study showed that the recurrence rate of deep sternal infection in patients of 1st and 2nd groups did not significantly differ. However, in case of complications during transplantation of a flap of the pectoralis major muscle, the likelihood of recurrence of sternomediastinitis increases. A comparison of patients in 1st and 3rd groups demonstrated that the incidence of recurrence of sternomediastinitis was significantly higher after sternal rheosteosynthesis.

Conclusion. The method of plastic surgery with skin fascial flaps proposed by the authors is effective in plastic replacement of non-extensive sternal defects and has a number of advantages compared with conventional methods due to its lower invasiveness and a tendency to reduce the frequency of recurrence of sternal infection.
In vitro and In silico Studies on Antidiabetic properties of Fisetin: Focus on interactions with PEPCK and GSK3β
Authors: Rao U. S. Mahadeva , Shoba G. , Subramani A. , Tamizhdurai P. , Selvam R. , Priyankaa B. , Prasath G. Sriram
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of diabetes throughout the world has increased alarmingly over the recent past and the scenario will be increased in the future. There are many medications available to treat diabetes, but none have proven to be the best option for a number of reasons, including unfavourable side effects and diminishing effectiveness with continued use. Global interest and attention in plant-derived medical products for the treatment of various illnesses has increased within the past ten years. Fisetin (3, 3′, 4′, 7 - tetrahydroxy flavone), a major flavonoid present in strawberries, onion, persimmon exhibits various biological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. Fisetin exert its antidiabetic potential by regulating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Current study is designed in evaluating the glucose uptake potential of fisetin on L6 myotubes. We have observed that Fisetin facilitated the uptake of glucose in rat L6 myotubes. To study molecular interactions, Fisetin was subjected to docking against 3D structure of Diabetic targets PEPCK and GSK3B using Autodock 4.2 and their molecular interactions were visualized using Biovia discovery studio visualizer. Docking interactions and ADMET studies of the fisetin signified the application as a natural therapeutic agent to combat diabetes.
Cooperação universidade-empresa. Fatores determinantes para a relação POLO/UFSC e EMBRACO
Authors: Santos Bruna Luiza
Published: July 2024

Em atendimento às exigências de mercado, conhecimento e inovação tornam-se cada vez mais importantes para a competitividade das organizações. Nesse contexto, o estabelecimento de relações de cooperação entre universidades e empresas tem se destacado entre as estratégias de desenvolvimento organizacional. Surge, então, a necessidade de avaliar os elementos que promovem tal integração, de forma a compreender as motivações de ambas as partes envolvidas para a preservação destes relacionamentos. Assim, este estudo de caso objetiva analisar os fatores determinantes para a relação de cooperação entre POLO/UFSC (Laboratórios de Pesquisa em Refrigeração e Termofísica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina) e EMBRACO, contrapondo a teoria existente com a visão da empresa (representada pelo diretor de tecnologia da mesma) e com a percepção dos professores coordenadores do laboratório. Para o alcance deste objetivo, efetuou-se pesquisa qualitativa através de entrevistas. Em seguida, analisou-se os principais pontos em comum observados e sua contribuição para o sucesso do caso em estudo. Esta pesquisa tem, ainda, o propósito de contribuir para o enriquecimento dos estudos realizados sobre o tema. Os resultados evidenciam que a cooperação em estudo trouxe resultados significativos para as instituições envolvidas, principalmente no que concerne ao desenvolvimento de recursos humanos qualificados, ciência e tecnologia.
Quantifying Statements (Why ‘Every Thing’ is Not ‘Everything’, Among Other ‘Thing’s)
Authors: Schang Fabien
Published: July 2024

The present paper wants to develop a formal semantics about a special class of formulas: quantifying statements, which are a kind of predicative statements where both subject- and predicate terms are quantifier expressions like ‘everything’, ‘something’, and ‘nothing’. After showing how talking about nothingness makes sense despite philosophical objections, I contend that there are two sorts of meaning in phrases including ‘thing’, viz. as an individual (e.g. ‘some thing’) or as a property (e.g. ‘something’). Then I display two kinds of logical forms for quantifying statements, depending on how these ‘thing’s are ordered into a whole predication. Finally, an algebraic semantics is proposed for the finite set of quantifying statements to order these into a (fragmentary) dodecagon of logical relations. The corresponding Sub-Model Semantics (hereafter: SMS) aims to update the usual theory of opposition whilst leading to a research program for other kinds of statements like categorical and even modal propositions.
The Logic of God: A Pluralistic Representational Theory of Concepts
Authors: Silvestre Ricardo Sousa
Published: July 2024

In this paper I present a formalization of the theory of ideal concepts applied to the concept of God. It is done within a version of the Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML) and attempts to solve three meta-problems related to the concept of God: the unicity of extension problem, the homogeneity/heterogeneity problem and the problem of conceptual unity.
STUDI KASUS PENGGUNAAN COST VOLUME PROFIT (CVP) DALAM PERENCANAAN LABA DI HOTEL XYZ BALI
Authors: Sharasanti Diah Anugrah , Puspitasari Ni Putu Ayu , Martantina Levi
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perhitungan analisis cost volume profit Hotel XYZ untuk tahun 2022, dan merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus.   Analisis yang dipergunakan adalah  analisis titik impas (BEP), analisis margin kontribusi, analisis Margin Of Safety (MOS), dan analisis perencanaan laba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada perhitungan analisis BEP tahun 2022 menghasilkan BEP rupiah sebesar Rp 37.998.710.670 sehingga hotel XYZ minimal menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar Rp 37.998.710.670. Hotel XYZ dapat menargetkan penjualan pada tipe kamar yang ada pada hotel, sehingga tipe kamar yang hasil perhitungan BEP unit paling besar adalah tipe kamar yang seharusnya ditargetkan dapat lebih banyak menghasilkan pendapatan. Tipe kamar yang hasil BEP unit paling besar adalah tipe kamar Junior Suites dengan hasil sebesar Rp 15.696.410.976.  Laba yang ditargetkan adalah sebesar Rp 358.962.324.485, dan MOS sebesar 119%.  Batas keamanan sebanyak 119% diindentifikasi sebagai batas keamanan yang berada dalam tingkat yang tidak mengalami kerugian
SUBSTANTIATION OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FOR OBTAINING AN EXTRACT FROM ROSE HIPS (ROSA CANINA L.)
Authors: Iskakova G. K. , Абдреева A. S. , Askarbekov E. B. , Batyrbaeva N. B. , Samadun A. I.
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of a research of the influence of extraction agents with different ethanol concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 96%) on the yield of extractives and found that the highest yield of extractives have been obtained when using 40% ethyl alcohol as an extraction agent. Therefore, this concentration has been chosen as the main extractive agent for further experiments. Ethanol, in particular, is a widely used extractive agent for plant materials due to its ability to extract a wide range of compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids and organic acids. In recent years, ultrasonicassisted extraction has gained attention due to its ability to improve extraction efficiency, reduce extraction time, and minimize the use of solvents, making it an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method. The optimal parameters of ultrasonic-assisted extraction have been established for obtaining an alcoholic extract from hips of Rosa canina (RosaCanina L.) – the highest yield of extractives was obtained with extraction duration of 30 minutes, extraction temperature was 500С, ultrasound power was 35 kHz. It is possible to obtain the maximum amount of biologically active compounds from raw materials by optimizing these parameters, which leads to a higher quality of the final product.
PROCESSING OF LOW-VALUE BY-PRODUCTS OF THE POULTRY PROCESSING INDUSTRY FOR FOOD PURPOSES
Authors: Akimova D. A. , Kakimov A. K. , Yessimbekov Zh. S. , Zharykbassov Y. S.
Published: July 2024

Processing of low-value by-products in combination with biotechnological processing methods is the optimal solution to the problem of rational use of secondary raw materials of poultry products. This paper presents the results of a study of a pate containing a protein-mineral supplement (BMD) from chicken legs and heads. Various types of mechanical, acidic and thermal treatment of chicken heads and legs are considered. The chemical composition of chicken heads and legs has been studied without treatment and after treatment with organic acids and enzymes. The treatment of chicken heads and legs with various organic acids and pepsin leads to a significant increase in the proportion of moisture and a decrease in protein content. A significant difference in protein content is explained by the effect of reagents on the weakening and breaking of bonds between protein substances, protein-fat formations, thereby washing out part of the protein components. Treatment with ascorbic acid results in the least loss of protein content. The processing of minced chicken heads and legs with various reagents significantly affects the change in the PNS in the direction of its decrease. The values of the PNS of minced chicken legs are much higher than the values of the PNS of minced chicken heads. This difference is primarily due to the composition and structure of chicken legs. Cartilage and connective tissues predominate in chicken legs, which gives elasticity, rigidity and elasticity. After treatment with various reagents, the PNS is significantly reduced. The most optimal technology for obtaining a protein mineral supplement from chicken heads and legs is substantiated. Studies have been conducted aimed at studying the chemical composition, functional and technological properties and structural and mechanical characteristics of the protein-mineral mass. As a result of the research, technologies for cooking chicken pate using a protein-mineral supplement have been developed. The nutritional value and food safety indicators of the resulting pate have been studied.
SELECTION OF A YEAST STRAIN WITH A LOW DEGREE OF FERMENTATION
Authors: Akhmetzhanova A. K. , Baigazieva G. I. , Askarbekov E. B. , Bayazitova M. M. , Hrivna L.
Published: July 2024

Beer is a popular low-alcohol drink with a pronounced hop aroma and some bitterness. In beer you can find a large number of various nutrients and biologically active substances, including trace elements and vitamins.Based on color, beer is divided into light and dark, and depending on the type of yeast used, into lowand top-fermented beer.However, this drink, depending on the type of beer containing from 2,5 to 11% ethyl alcohol, cannot be recommended to such segments of the population as drivers, pregnant women, athletes, patients with acute and chronic diseases, etc. Non-alcoholic beer is suitable for these groups, the demand for which has increased significantly recently.To obtain non-alcoholic beer, the permissible concentration of ethanol in which does not exceed 0,5%, physicochemical, technological and biochemical methods are used.This article examines yeast strains for the production of non-alcoholic beer. It was found that the physicochemical parameters of non-alcoholic beer fermented with a low-fermentable yeast strain A12 are quite comparable with non-alcoholic beer of domestic samples. In terms of organoleptic properties, the experimental beer has a rich taste. Also, with the help of this yeast strain, the fermentation process is simplified to a value of alcohol concentration within 0,5 vol.%.
EDIBLE BOWLS MADE FROM CEREALS
Authors: Shambulova G. D. , Tlevlesova D. A. , Zhaksylykova G. N. , Nabiyeva Zh. S.
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, simplifying manual labour in catering, saving time and using body-friendly containers and packaging in catering is a thought-provoking issue. Therefore, this work provides for the creation of environmentally friendly, economical, innovative disposable and waste-free containers in public catering facilities.The disposable tableware in question can serve as a replacement for functional tableware made of edible material, as well as used in the field of public catering, made of traditional glass, ceramics or plastic.In this work an edible containers of cereal powder were obtained. Two samples of wheat and rice flour and a mixture of maize and rice flour were prepared from the cereals, and their nutritional value and utilization efficiency were compared.From the cereal flours, a steep dough was prepared and baked in a "cup" shape. The stability of the container during storage with hot ready-to-eat food was observed over time.Water absorption capacity of the studied samples was at the level of 228-250%, energy value – 395.6-397.2 kcal per 100 g of product.Disposable edible tableware is an efficient tableware that saves time when serving food, facilitates manual labour (dishwashing), is environmentally friendly and reduces costs in the thermal process of cooking.
INVESTIGATION OF THE QUALITY INDICATORS OF OIL OBTAINED FROM LOCAL PINE NUTS
Authors: Idyryshev B. , Nurgazezova A. , Baykadamova A. , Dzhumazhanova M. M. , Muratbayev A.
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of qualitative indicators of cedar oils obtained in two different ways from seeds of Siberian pine nuts growing in the eastern region of the country.Cedar oil is a real natural storehouse of nutrients. It includes proteins, carbohydrates, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, phosphatides, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3 (PP), E, D, lecithin, essential oils and minerals.Prior to this, studies were conducted on seeds and cake of pine nuts. In the East Kazakhstan region there is a forest covering a large area where Siberian pine nuts grow. However, despite the fact that local pine nuts are natural reserves, the nutritional value of cedar products has not yet been fully studied. To this end, studies were conducted on the yield, organoleptic parameters and fatty acid composition of cedar oil obtained by two different methods.As a result of the study, the yield of cedar oil obtained by thermal extraction was higher than the yield of cedar oil obtained by cold pressing. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in cedar oil obtained by cold pressing showed high rates. The results of the presented study showed that cedar oil obtained from the seeds of Siberian pine nuts growing in our country is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids necessary for the human body.
WAYS TO OBTAIN HIGH-QUALITY MEAT PRODUCTS IN SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Authors: Baizakova Zh. S. , Mazhiev Y. M. , Gingenzhinova Zh. S. , Mazhieva E. M.
Published: July 2024

In this scientific article, to provide the population with high-quality types of meat products through an overview of the technology of slaughtering animals and the equipment that performs the process of work on it (including shock boxing) to improve the quality of types of meat products. For this purpose, during the transportation of animals, it is provided to ensure that the animals are not injured, the speed of loading and unloading animals into vehicles, and transportation. The production capacity, technical level and requirements of the technology of development, slaughter and carcass processing of cattle for slaughter adopted by the slaughter technology are considered.In order to provide the population with high – quality feed in the agro-industrial complex, the initial conditions when accepting livestock from farms are the availability of documents on the well-being of animals from diseases, that is, the correct veterinary and sanitary examination, and the acceptance of livestock. Monitoring the implementation of all work performed according to the technological method during the preparation of adopted animals for slaughter, slaughter and primary processing of carcasses and improving the operation of installations and equipment performing these technological operations. In order to obtain highquality meat and meat products, much attention should be paid to the operation of units, machines and apparatuses that perform work on technological methods, with the correct application of appropriate technological methods for the preparation, slaughter, primary processing of carcasses, processing of byproducts and meat products for post-acceptance slaughter of animals.
INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL VALUES OF RAW SMOKED SAUSAGE «FAMILY» IN THE PROCESS OF MATURATION
Authors: Tumenova G. T. , Asenova B. K. , Nurgazezova A. N. , Nurymkhan G. N. , Muslimova N. R.
Published: July 2024

The analysis of literary sources shows that there are many ways to improve the consumer properties of raw sausage products, but starter cultures occupy the leading positions in this list. They are one of the most important factors in forming the quality of sausage products. Correctly selected cultures contribute to: accelerated formation of the consistency and color of the taste and aroma of the sausage; suppression of vital activity of putrefactive and sanitary-indicative microorganisms.Taking into account the results of the experiment on the stabilization of microbiological indicators of raw smoked sausages, it is possible to assume that the parameters taken into account in the technology ensure microbiological stability and safety of the finished product.Sausage, like other meat products, is the main source of protein. The amount of fat should be such that it improves the quality of the sausage, as a large amount of fat affects the taste of the product and its digestibility. Free fatty acids and carbonyl compounds are products of the breakdown of fats, which play an important role in the formation of aroma. Therefore, in this article, the data of the study of physical and chemical values of raw smoked sausage "Family" in the process of ripening are presented.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MARAL ANTLERS THROUGH THE USE OF VARIOUS CONSERVATION METHODS
Authors: Namysbayeva A. B. , Zhamurova V. S. , Kozhabergenov A. T.
Published: July 2024

This article presents the data of a study on the influence of various canning methods on the quality of maral antlers. It has been determined that the use of vacuum and infrared processing leads to a significant increase in the content of biologically active substances in the finished product in comparison with the traditional method of canning – cooking. Infrared drying of antlers was carried out for 6 hours using a wavelength of 1,6-2,4 µm and active ventilation. Vacuum drying was carried out at a temperature of 65 °C for four hours using a vacuum pump with a vacuum value of 0,094-0,096 MPa.An organoleptic analysis of samples of antlers preserved in different ways revealed that all samples meet the requirements of regulatory documentation and have no defects. Antlers preserved using vacuum drying and infrared processing have an advantage in fat content – 0,5 and 1,47%, respectively, protein – 6,56% (for both samples), calcium – 2,7 and 5,17%, phosphorus – 2,13 and 2,44%, copper – 1,2 and 4,68 mg/kg and zinc – 15,0 and 23,4 mg/kg.The use of infrared and vacuum drying methods does not increase the cost of canning, but makes it possible to increase the efficiency of these methods by 55,6% in cost compared to the traditional method. A study of the effectiveness of maral breeding using modern methods of preserving antlers has shown that the most effective method is vacuum drying, which makes it possible to obtain a product with the highest content of biologically active substances.
LABORATORY STAND FOR STUDYING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING NANOFLUIDS TO INTENSIFY HEAT TRANSFER IN HYBRID SOLAR COLLECTORS
Authors: Adylkanova A. Zh. , Akishov Zh. K. , Bektemissov A. A. , Umyrzhan T. N. , Kassymov A. B.
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the issues of studying heat transfer in hybrid solar collectors using a developed laboratory stand. The issue of solar energy efficiency is very important in light of the modern concept of carbon neutrality. One of the most promising solar energy technologies is the use of hybrid solar collectors, where, along with electrical energy, thermal energy is also generated. The heat removed from the surface of the solar panel allows to maintain a high level of its efficiency, and the heat removed is used by the consumer. One of the most effective methods for intensifying heat transfer in hybrid solar collectors is the use of nanofluids as a coolant. Nanofluids are a new type of coolant with increased thermal conductivity, consisting of a base fluid and nanoparticles. The most commonly used and economically feasible are nanofluids with the addition of metal oxides. The developed laboratory stand will allow simulating solar radiation and studying the currentvoltage characteristics of the solar panel at different lighting levels. The use of different types of nanofluids will allow to determine the most efficient operating modes of a hybrid solar collector. Analysis of thermal and electrical efficiency will provide a more complete picture of production when hybrid solar collectors operate in various modes using different types of nanofluids.
FEATURES OF BULDING A GRID FOR 3D MODELING OF A WIND TURBINE
Authors: Askarova A. S. , Bolegenova S. A. , Maksimov V. Y. , Medetuly E.
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the problem of constructing a grid for 3D modeling of a wind turbine by a nonstationary air flow. To solve the problem, two grids are constructed: the first from the rotating part, the second from the non-rotating part. Consequently, blockMesh, snappyHexMesh, TransformPoint, reconstructParMesh, mergeMeshes, changeDictionary utilities are used to build the grid as part of the OpenFOAM package. The solution of the main problems in the construction of the grid is determined: the first is a combination of static and moving grid, the second axis of rotation is not parallel to any of the main axes (this fact complicates the engagement with the help of snappyHexMesh and torque estimation).As a result of the data obtained from the constructed grids, the stationary part covers a large amount of space and has a high resolution. For example, the grid of the stationary part constructed with blockMesh consists of 6,750,000 cells, the total number of sides of the grid is 20,385,000, of which 20,115,000 are internal faces, and the rest are the boundaries of the grid. The data of the rotating part shows that the closed grid consists of 2,965,671 cells, 9,447,062 faces and 3,623,151 points. Consequently, the rotating part adapts to the geometry and dynamics of the turbine blades. Based on the data obtained from the constructed grids, the quality and resolution of the grid are analyzed. It is shown that the resulting grid has sufficient accuracy and adaptability to simulate turbulent flows around a wind turbine.
RESEARCH COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY OF UNPROJECTED COAL
Authors: Stepanova O. A. , Kasengaliev M. K. , Umyrzhan T. N. , Khazhidinova A. R.
Published: July 2024

Coal combustion remains an important source of energy despite its environmental disadvantages. This paper investigates the efficiency of combustion of non-project coal of D grade from Karazhyra mine at CHPP-1 of Semey city. The purpose of the study is to optimize the combustion processes to improve the efficiency of boiler E-90-3,9/440. The research method includes experimental-theoretical approach, with an emphasis on drawing up the heat balance and calculating the coefficient of performance (COP) by the inverse balance method.The analysis of the obtained data shows that with increasing the heat output of the boiler there is a parallel growth of fuel consumption and efficiency, indicating an improvement in the efficiency of the boiler unit. It is revealed that when reaching the heat output of 220 GJ/h there is a significant jump in efficiency, indicating the transition of the boiler to a more optimal mode. This result confirms not only the significant potential for improving energy efficiency, but also the stability of fuel costs at changing loads on the boiler unit.Thus, optimization of combustion processes of non-project D grade coal is an important step to reduce negative environmental impact and improve energy efficiency. Further research in this area may lead to even more significant improvements in the operation of boiler units and reduction of harmful emissions.
STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF COATING FORMATION DURING MICROARC OXIDATION OF TITANIUM
Authors: Serikbekuly N. , Ormanbekov K. D. , Shynarbek A. B. , Zhassulan A. Zh.
Published: July 2024

In this work, the structural-phase state of coatings formed on the surface of titanium by microarc oxidation (MAO) was studied. During the research, a number of experiments were carried out in which the process parameters and electrolyte composition were changed. Morphological and structural changes of the coatings were analyzed using various analytical methods, including electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Microarc oxidation of titanium was carried out in anodic potentiostatic mode for 10 minutes in various electrolytes based on phosphoric acid, sodium orthophosphate, potassium hydroxide and hydroxyapatite. After MDO, the microgeometry of the surface does not change, i.e. a thin coating 5-7 microns thick is formed on the titanium surface. The results of studying the surface of coatings using scanning electron microscopy showed that the most porous surface of all the studied coatings was found in coatings formed in an electrolyte with the addition of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the main phase of the coatings are anatase and rutile. Electrolyte composition is one of the main factors in the MAO process. The research results allow us to deeply understand the process of coating formation during microarc oxidation of titanium.
THE MATERIAL AND THERMAL BALANCE
Authors: Shahanov A. A. , Shahanov A. A. , Kupreenko A. I. , Isaev S. Kh.
Published: July 2024

It is necessary to obtain a dry substance by removing all moisture from it. This can be done using various devices, but the most common of them in industry and science are drying cabinets. They allow you to quickly remove excess moisture from materials by evaporation and extraction from the chambers. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the volume of dry air and energy required for the process. To solve these problems, it is necessary to calculate the material and thermal balance of drying.They are the measurement and calculation of the amount of material and energy spent on it. The material and thermal balance of the dryer, which is air, is calculated using formulas and equations. It characterizes the initial and final mass of the substance and water that evaporated as a result of drying, and the absolutely dry mass of the substance remains constant.The authors examined the amount of moisture and substituted its value into the appropriate formula and calculated the mass of an absolutely dry substance and the amount of the resulting product. Thus, using the heat balance formula, the required volume of air for the process was determined. All calculations were performed for each model and the results were different.After calculating the material balance, the amount of energy consumed was determined. When calculating the heat balance, a theoretical and a practical dryer are distinguished. In the first case, it is assumed that during the operation of the drying cabinet there is no heat loss or its arrival from the outside. In practice, this does not happen, therefore, when calculating the thermal balance, many factors must be taken into account: the arrival of heat with the drying agent, the material itself and its moisture, transport devices and external energy sources. The energy consumption of the outgoing drying agent was also taken into account in this study.The obtained expressions of the material and thermal balance of the dryer allow us to determine the technological parameters of the drying workflow and the technical parameters of the dryer, which ultimately allows us to determine the technical and economic performance of the dryer.
RESEARCH OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS ALOE VERA (L.) BURM. FIL.
Authors: Rakhimzhanova A. M. , Yelubaeva A. E. , Aksoy Ö. K. , Kazhygeldieva L. K.
Published: July 2024

Known for many years as miracoulous plant, Aloe possesses many pharmaceutical activities, including laxative, antiinflammatory, immunostimulant, antiseptic, wound and burn healing, antiulcer, antitumor, and antidiabetic in which the mediation of the ROS levels could be involved. In order to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the plant, in the first part of this study, the antioxidant activities of the water extracts prepared separetely from the pulp and gel parts of the plant leaves, were evaluated by using several antioxidant tests. The present study demonstrated that the water extract from Aloe leaves pulp contained naturally occurring antioxidant components, including ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, phenols and flavonoids. It was concluded that Aloe leaf pulp aqueous extract exhibited an inhibitory capacity against posphatidylcholine liposome peroxidation, induced with iron and ascorbic acid, scavenged ABTS, DPPH and superoxide radicals and acted as reductant and thus can be used as natural antioxidant source in contrast, Aloe vera gel did not show any antioxidant activity as determined by DPPH radical scavenging test. In the second part of the study, a single lectin from the leaf pulp of Aloe vera was isolated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography on cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B coupled to ovalbumin. Native and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to determine the degree of purity of the lectin and the apparent molecular weight. The molecular weight of the subunits of the purified lectin, migrating as one band in native PAGE was determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lectin did not show any antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH radical scavenging test.
DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL MIXTURE COMPOSITION FOR BUILDING MATERIALS BASED ON ANHYDRITE BINDERS
Authors: Kengesbekov A. B. , Rakhadilov B. K. , Sagdoldina Zh. B. , Kusaynov A. E.
Published: July 2024

The technology of obtaining hydrofluoric acid and the peculiarities of its production are studied in the work, as well as physical and chemical studies of the properties of the waste. Activators accelerating the hardening of anhydrite binder were selected. The process of utilization of fluorohydrite waste from the production of hydrofluoric acid of JSC «Ulba Metallurgical Plant» was investigated and anhydrite anhydrite binder without firing with setting time of 30 min was obtained. On the basis of the received data the technological scheme of manufacturing of products from anhydrite binder is developed. The efficiency of the adopted technological scheme is confirmed experimentally. Also the given work is directed on studying of possibility of complex use of secondary and technogenic raw materials of Ulba Metallurgical Plant, which in the end acquires value not only important reserve of increase of efficiency of manufacture, economic benefit, reduction of irrational alienation of land resources, but also protection from pollution of water and air basin as questions of ecological policy of JSC «UMP» at present are actual. At research of characteristic of technogenic wastes of production of hydrofluoric acid, their potential suitability for manufacture of anhydrite binder and building materials on its bases has been shown. The influence of limestone dispersibility on the completeness of the neutralization reaction has been established.
EXTRACTIVE DESULFURIZATIONOF PETROLEUM FUEL USING DEEP-EUTECTIC SOLVENTS
Authors: Kerimkulova A. Zh. , Rafikova Kh. S. , Bulatova N. B. , Abdirafiyeva D. O. , Daridzhan M. E.
Published: July 2024

In the coming decades, the importance of creating clean energy and its associated applications cannot be underestimated. Minimizing and eliminating toxic emissions has been proven to be critical to the survival of our planet. Sulfur (S) compounds in fuel create toxic emissions that pose a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, research on the desulphurization process has intensified worldwide to produce fuels with low S content. Traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) technology has not been widely adopted due to several disadvantages such as high cost, increased energy consumption, increased hydrogen production and the use of high content catalysts noble metals. A promising alternative to HDS is the extractive desulfurization (EDS) process due to its mild operating conditions. In recent years, much research attention has been paid to the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES), formed from a eutectic mixture of Lewis/Brønsted acids and bases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the advantages of EDS using DES compared to other desulfurization methods, as well as to describe various desulfurization factors such as the nature of DES, mass ratio of DES to fuel, temperature, mutual solubility, time, initial S content. The potential problems and shortcomings of EDS using DES have been well studied. Due to the promising physicochemical properties of DES, this review recommends DES as a preferred candidate over many molecular organic solvents in the field of clean petroleum fuel production.
POLYETHYLENE AND POLYPROPYLENE MODIFICATION FOR ENHANCED BITUMEN PROPERTIES
Authors: Nurakhmetova Zh. A. , Kosparmakova S. A. , Dyusova R. M. , Seitenova G. Zh. , Jexembayeva A. E.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a review of both the research and practice regarding the latest available information on bitumen modified using polymers, among which special attention is paid to polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), both widely used to significantly improve the properties of bitumen. In this literature review, the authors concentrate on the chemical composition of modified bitumen, assessing the various approaches utilized in improving its engineering properties in paving, as well as looking at traditional additives and polymers. The latter have been shown to greatly enhance the performance characteristics and properties of bitumen. The viscoelastic behavior of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) depends on various factors, including initial polymer structure and concentration, mixing temperature and technique, as a well as species of bitumen and its resistance to factors such as solvents and temperature fluctuations. Though an assertion can be made that both traditional additives and polymers have the potential to improve specific properties of bitumen, PMB appears to provide significant increases to the ability of the composite material to withstand a broader range of climatic conditions.
STUDYING THE PORE STRUCTURE AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF BIOMEDICAL CARBON ADSORBENTS
Authors: Nurgaliyev N. N. , Orazbekov A. T. , Zhandosov Zh. M. , Gaisina B. S.
Published: July 2024

The paper demonstrates that activated carbon surface area, micropore volume, and toal pore volume can be estimated using multiple regression with iodine and methylene blue numbers. The method was developed by studying activated carbon samples made from rice husk precursors. A justification for the selection criteria is given based on the physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbent. Activated carbon was studied to systematically evaluate the influence of pore structure and surface chemistry. A technique has been developed to estimate the surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume of activated carbon samples by multiple regression of iodine number and methylene blue number. Among a series of KKK samples obtained by activating rice husks with phosphoric acid at different temperatures, it was studied that the samples (KKKR-400 and KKK-R-500), activated at a temperature of 400-500oC, have a high specific surface area. area and iodine number. The more oxygen in the initial and final products, the higher the ratio of the specific surface area and iodine number of ACM: it was found that the specific surface area (1690 m2/g) and iodine number (1150 mg/g) of the samples obtained by activation with phosphoric acid at a temperature of 500°C were higher.
PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VULCANIZATES CONTAINING WASTE FROM THE FAT AND OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Kalmatayeva G. N. , Sagitova G. F. , Sakibayeva S. A. , Asylbekova D. D. , Shukhanova Zh. K.
Published: July 2024

For the first time, the possibility of replacing carbon black and stearic acid with waste from the fat and oil industry (diatomite, bleached clay) is investigated. The value of the conditional tensile strength for vulcanizates containing stearic acid is 8,26 MPa, and for the studied vulcanizates containing selected clay, it is in the range of 7,88-8,39 MPa, for those containing diatomite is 7,88-8,43 MPa. The elongation at break for the studied vulcanizates containing selected clay increases from 280% to 300%, for those containing diatomite is from 280 to 297%. A hardness according Shore is found for the studied ones containing selected clay and diatomite in the range of 64-71 conv.units, for the reference rubber of 63 conv.units.The conducted studies show that the conditional strength and tear resistance decrease when carbon black is replaced with selected clay, as well as diatomite, but the indicators remain within the permissible limits for this rubber. The main role in enhancing the regenerate is played by caoutchouc. Therefore, carbon black and stearic acid can be replaced with less active, but cheaper and environmentally friendly ingredients. Extended physico-mechanical tests of experimental rubbers led to the conclusion that is most expedient to use waste from the fat-and-oil industry in the formulation of rubber mixtures for the manufacture of under-rail laying of railway tracks, since when using waste from the fat-and-oil industry, the properties of rubbers practically do not change, comply with control standards.
TOXICITY AND STABILITY OF IRON-ARSENIC ALLOY
Authors: Seitkan A. S. , Redfren S. A.T.
Published: July 2024

Iron-arsenic alloy is a waste-form of a novel gold recovery technology from gold-arsenicbearing concentrates. This study investigates toxicity and solubility of Fe-As alloy in aqueous solutions. Results of the TCLP-like test, to evaluate the potential toxicity of a solid Fe-As alloy, suggest that the alloy is not stable in acidic conditions (pH 2.88), and releases As in concentrations exceeding the TC threshold level by more than four times. Calcium arsenate dust toxicity has been also evaluated for comparison. It was found to release 40 times more As than iron-arsenic alloy. Concentrations of As in the SPLP-like test leachates were well within the regulatory limit, thus demonstrating the relative stability of the Fe-As alloy in normal meteoric waters (pH 5). Long-term leaching tests in the environmentally-relevant pH range of 5 to 9 at 22°С demonstrate that FeAs alloy is very susceptible to acidic pH conditions. Arsenic solubilization was high under acidic conditions (at pH5 and pH6), which suggests that in the long term it can be mobilized within the environment if exposed to meteoric waters, and certainly to acid rain. However, at the neutral and alkaline pH conditions typical of monofills it appears to be stable over the long term.
EXTRACTION OF ZINC, LEAD, COPPER AND CADMIUM FROM SECONDARY ZINC ORES BY (HYDROMETALLURGICAL) LEACHING METHOD
Authors: Amantaiuly K. , Sailaukhanuly Y. , Nurgaliyev N. N. , Azat S. , Toshtay K.
Published: July 2024

The annual increase in waste recycling by non-ferrous metal producers is steadily growing. These waste materials often contain various harmful heavy metal impurities, which pose significant environmental risks. This study examined the laboratory-scale extraction of zinc and copper, along with additional lead and cadmium, from the residue of zinc smelting using a hydrometallurgical method. The leaching technique was considered for extracting metals from the residue. Parameters such as the solution's concentration, temperature, and the solid/liquid ratio were examined to assess the efficiency of the leaching method. An aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was used as the leaching agent. Optimal conditions identified for this process were a temperature of 80°C, a 5M NH4Cl solution, a leaching duration of 2 hours, and a liquid/solid ratio of 1:25. These parameters confirmed the high selectivity of the leaching agent and demonstrated maximum efficiency. In practice, the obtained solution yielded maximum Zn and Cu recoveries of 93.2% and 67%, respectively. Additionally, the yields for Pb and Cd were 80% and 55%. These results underline the importance of optimizing the concentration of ammonium chloride and leaching parameters to improve the simultaneous extraction efficiency of different metals. The high selectivity and efficiency of ammonium chloride enhance its potential in metal recovery and reduce the environmental impact, opening new possibilities for developing waste recycling methods.