bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Story of Water in Windhoek: A Narrative Approach to Interpreting a Transdisciplinary Process
Authors: Scott Dianne , Iipinge Kornelia N. , Mfune John K. E. , Muchadenyika Davison , Makuti Olavi V. , Ziervogel Gina
Published: October 2018

The aim of the paper is to present a story about the 2015 to early 2017 Windhoek drought in the context of climate change while using the narrative approach. The story that is presented here is derived from the engagement of participants in a transdisciplinary, co-productive workshop, the Windhoek Learning Lab 1 (March 2017), as part of the FRACTAL Research Programme. The results show that the story starts with the ‘complication’ where the drought had reached crisis levels where the water demand increasingly exceeded the supply in the face of the drought. The City of Windhoek (CoW) was unable to address the problem, particularly the recharging of the Windhoek aquifer due to lack of funding. Phase 2 then shows four reactions to the drought: water conservation by water demand management; a Water Saving campaign; the Windhoek Managed Aquifer Recharge Scheme; and, the setting up of the Cabinet Technical Committee of Supply Security. The resolution of the story, Phase 4, is when the national government instructs NamWater to provide the funds for CoW to complete the recharging of the aquifer, which supplied water to the city at the last minute at the end of 2016. The final situation of the story is that ongoing collaborative work by CoW with FRACTAL on the city’s burning issues is planned to integrate climate change into future decision making for the longer term. The main actors in the story are the Ministry of Agriculture and NamWater as hero and villain, and CoW a hero, with the victims of the story, the residents of informal settlements. The main learnings from this story are that the lack of decentralization of power and resources serve to exacerbate water crises at the local level and hamper climate adaptation, despite a proactive and innovative local municipality. The paper also shows that the narrative approach provides the thread of the story to simplify a very complex set of arrangements and contradictions.
A New Perspective to Explore the Hydraulic Connectivity of Karst Aquifer System in Jinan Spring Catchment, China
Authors: Zhang Zhengxian , Wang Weiping , Qu Shisong , Huang Qiang , Liu Shuai , Xu Qiaoyi , Ni Ludong
Published: October 2018

Investigating the hydraulic connectivity of a complex karst aquifer system is an important research topic for sustainable operation and optimization layout of karst groundwater exploitation and recharge. However, the identification of preferential sites of recharge and exploitation is usually subject to regional hydrogeology conditions and the mechanisms of recharge and exploitation. The conventional research methods of hydraulic connectivity often have some limitations. In this study, we developed an improved grey amplitude relation model to explore the hydraulic connectivity in Jinan spring catchment and presented a quantized evaluation index water table fluctuation relation degree (WTFRD) using karst groundwater table data in Western Jinan and Jinan spring groups from 2014 to 2017. Results showed that the total WTFRD was 0.854 between Western Jinan and Jinan spring groups when the external distraction for karst groundwater table was the smallest, which was in high relation degree grade. Meanwhile, the change rules of karst groundwater table in the two sites were basically the same. Accordingly, a high connectivity occurred between the two karst aquifers from a statistical perspective, and further illustrated that Western Jinan could be selected as preferential experiment sites. A comprehensive case in Jinan spring catchment indicated that the WTFRD provided a preliminary idea to investigate hydraulic connectivity quantitatively. This method could be considered as a pre-study of the conventional experiments to form a high-efficiency and low-cost combined method, which has great potential and merits further study.
Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors by Nanofiltration in Low-SUVA Drinking Water
Authors: Dubowski Yael , Greenberg-Eitan Roni , Rebhun Menachem
Published: October 2018

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are prevalent disinfection by-products. High THM formation is usually associated with natural organic matter with high molecular weight and aromatic characteristics, which is efficiently removed by nanofiltration (NF). In the Sea of Galilee and the Israeli National Water Carrier (NWC), water shows high THM formation potential, although it mainly contains low molecular weight and hydrophilic organic matter with low aromaticity. In the present study, NF removal abilities were tested on treated NWC water using three different spiral wound membranes (NF90, NF270, and DL). Rejections and fluxes were tested as a function of pressure, water recovery, and membrane type. Feed and permeate dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVA254, total THM formation (THMF), and total THM formation potential (THMFP), as well as alkalinity, conductivity, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− were measured to evaluate rejection and THM formation reduction. The results demonstrated that NF can efficiently remove natural organic matter (NOM) and reduce THM formation, even in this challenging type of water. At low water recovery, membranes showed average rejection of about 70–85% for THMFP and THM. Upon elevating recovery, average THM and THMFP rejection decreased to 55–70%, with THM content still well below regulation limits. Of the membranes tested, the higher permeability of NF270 appears to make it economically favorable for the applications tested in this work.
The Value of Hydrologic Information in Reservoir Outflow Decision-Making
Authors: Chen Kebing , Guo Shenglian , He Shaokun , Xu Tao , Zhong Yixuan , Sun Sirui
Published: October 2018

The controlled outflows from a reservoir are highly dependent on the decisions made by the reservoir operators who mainly rely on available hydrologic information, such as past outflows, reservoir water level and forecasted inflows. In this study, Random Forests (RF) algorithm is used to build reservoir outflow simulation model to evaluate the value of hydrologic information. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China is selected as a case study. As input variables of the model, the classic hydrologic information is divided into past, current and future information. Several different simulation models are established based on the combinations of these three groups of information. The influences and value of hydrologic information on reservoir outflow decision-making are evaluated from two different perspectives, the one is the simulation result of different models and the other is the importance ranking of the input variables in RF algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to reasonably simulate outflow decisions of TGR. It is shown that past outflow is the most important information and the forecasted inflows are more important in the flood season than in the non-flood season for reservoir operation decision-making.
Distribution and Genotyping of Aquatic Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from the Puzi River and Its Tributaries Near Areas of Livestock Farming
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Chi , Chou Ming-Yuan , Shih Yi-Jia , Huang Tung-Yi , Yang Pei-Yu , Chiu Yi-Chou , Chen Jung-Sheng , Hsu Bing-Mu
Published: October 2018

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important health care-associated bacterium and a common multidrug-resistant pathogen. The use of antibiotics in the husbandry industry has raised concerns about drug-resistant A. baumannii strains, which may affect humans. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal distribution of A. baumannii in aquatic environments near areas of livestock farming. The geographic distribution, antibiotic resistance characteristic, and DNA fingerprinting genotype of A. baumannii were also studied. The results showed that environmental A. baumannii was prevalent during the summer and autumn. The hotspots for A. baumannii were found at the sampling sites of livestock wastewater channels (21.4%; 3/14) and the tributaries adjacent to livestock farms (15.4%; 2/13). The prevalence of A. baumannii at these locations was significantly higher than those adjacent to the Puzi River. Multidrug-resistant strain of A. baumannii was not found in this study, with only one strain (5%; 1/20) being resistant to tetracycline. Of the isolates that were obtained, 10% (2/20) and 20% (4/20) were found to be intermediately resistant to tetracycline and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. The genotyping patterns and clustering analysis indicated that enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) differentiated A. baumannii strains effectively. There were two major clusters that could then be subtyped into 20 A. baumannii strains with 15 profiles. The A. baumannii strains that were isolated from upstream of the Puzi River and livestock wastewater channels were composed of Cluster I. Cluster II only contained isolates from downstream of the Puzi River area. Furthermore, isolates from adjacent sites were shown to have identical profiles (100%). These results suggest that A. baumannii may have spread through free-flowing water in this study. Therefore, we propose that livestock wastewater is one of the sources that contribute to A. baumannii pollution in water bodies. In summary, continuous monitoring of antibiotic pollution in livestock wastewater is required.
Assessment of Irrigation Water Performance in the Nile Delta Using Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Elnmer Ayat , Khadr Mosaad , Allam Ayman , Kanae Shinjiro , Tawfik Ahmed
Published: October 2018

A comprehensive framework for irrigation water performance assessment (IWPA) based on satellite data was proposed. This framework consists of external IWPA (EIWPA) and internal IWPA (IIWPA). The EIWPA indicates the water supply as well as agricultural and economic performances. On the other hand, the IIWPA expresses the temporal and spatial performances of irrigation water use adequacy (PA), equity (PE), and dependability (PD) indicators. This framework was applied to the irrigation scheme of the Al-Qased canal in the Nile Delta, Egypt, during the winter between 2015 and 2016. The crop water requirements (ETc) were calculated using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and Landsat 8 images. Three classes, from “good” to “poor,” to classify the EIWPA and IIWPA values were proposed. The EIWPA was classified as “poor” in irrigation efficiency (51.2%) due to the oversupply of irrigation water in relation to the ETc while the economic indicators showed that the net profit was 7.84% of the gross value of crop production. The PE, PD, and PA were classified as “fair,” which indicated a non-uniform irrigation water distribution between the head and tail branch canals. Moreover, the irrigation water was inadequate during the growing months and could not meet the ETc. The framework presented an efficient tool for the IWPA in terms of spatial, temporal, agricultural, and economic performances.
Study on the Inactivation of Pseudomonas sp and the Degradation of Trichloroethylene by Fenton-Like Reaction
Authors: Zhong Dan , He Fu , Ma Wencheng , Yuan Yixing , Wang Ziqiang
Published: October 2018

The present work intended to use goethite, one of the main compositions of pipe deposit, to combine with H2O2 to degrade TCE or disinfect drinking water. Goethite exhibited excellent degradation performance for TCE, outstanding inactivation ability for Pseudomonas and the disinfection effect for filter water of water treatment plants. The TCE degradation efficiency could reach 87.4%, while the inactivation efficiency of Pseudomonas and the bacterial mortality rate in filtered water were more than 99.9% in this study. In order to effectively reduce the disinfection by-products (chlorine-resistant bacteria) and conduct permanent disinfection, the Fenton-like and chlorine combined disinfection method was also investigated. Experimental results indicated that the bacteria could be effectively killed by this combined method and the chlorine residual was 0.41m g/L, ensuring sustainable disinfection. This work verified that the pipe deposit from the water distribution network is multifunctional, which is a potential candidate for pollutant removal and sterilization. The results could also offer theoretical support for water quality security in water distribution networks in the future.
Valuing the Recreation Benefits of Natural Springs in Florida
Authors: Wu Qianyan , Bi Xiang , Grogan Kelly , Borisova Tatiana
Published: October 2018

Karst springs are scenic natural resources in karst areas of Florida, currently under threat from increasing groundwater withdrawal from the Floridan Aquifer and pollution resulting from a variety of sources. This paper estimates the current recreation benefits from visiting springs using the travel cost method and elicits residents’ willingness to contribute for springs restoration using the contingent valuation method. It further compares the performance of count data models correcting for endogenous stratification and truncation, and finds that the annual consumer surplus per person per trip is between $20 and $43, and the annual total recreational value for the four springs studied is about $25 million. Furthermore, visitors are willing to contribute $12 to $14 per person per trip for springs restoration without reducing trip demand.
Coupled Wave-2D Hydrodynamics Modeling at the Reno River Mouth (Italy) under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Gaeta Maria Gabriella , Bonaldo Davide , Samaras Achilleas G. , Carniel Sandro , Archetti Renata
Published: October 2018

This work presents the results of the numerical study implemented for the natural area of Lido di Spina, a touristic site along the Italian coast of the North Adriatic Sea, close to the mouth of River Reno. High-resolution simulations of nearshore dynamics are carried out under climate change conditions estimated for the site. The adopted modeling chain is based on the implementation of multiple-nested, open-source numerical models. More specifically, the coupled wave-2D hydrodynamics runs, using the open-source TELEMAC suite, are forced at the offshore boundary by waves resulting from the wave model (SWAN) simulations for the Adriatic Sea, and sea levels computed following a joint probability analysis approach. The system simulates present-day scenarios, as well as conditions reflecting the high IPCC greenhouse concentration trajectory named RCP8.5 under predicted climate changes. Selection of sea storms directed from SE (Sirocco events) and E–NE (Bora events) is performed together with Gumbel analysis, in order to define ordinary and extreme sea conditions. The numerical results are here presented in terms of local parameters such as wave breaking position, alongshore currents intensity and direction and flooded area, aiming to provide insights on how climate changes may impact hydrodynamics at a site scale. Although the wave energy intensity predicted for Sirocco events is expected to increase only slightly, modifications of the wave dynamics, current patterns, and inland flooding induced by climate changes are expected to be significant for extreme conditions, especially during Sirocco winds, with an increase in the maximum alongshore currents and in the inundated area compared to past conditions.
Application of Python Scripting Techniques for Control and Automation of HEC-RAS Simulations
Authors: Dysarz Tomasz
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the paper was to present selected techniques for the control of river flow and sediment transport computations with the programming language Python. The base software for modeling of river processes was the well-known and widely used HEC-RAS. The concepts were tested on two models created for a single reach of the Warta river located in the central part of Poland. The ideas described were illustrated with three examples. The first was a basic simulation of a steady flow run from the Python script. The second example presented automatic calibration of model roughness coefficients with Nelder-Mead simplex from the SciPy module. In the third example, the sediment transport was controlled by Python script. Sediment samples were accessed and changed in the sediment data file stored in XML format. The results of the sediment simulation were read from HDF5 files. The presented techniques showed good effectiveness of this approach. The paper compared the developed techniques with other, earlier approaches to control of HEC-RAS computations. Possible further developments were also discussed.
Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Wu Weibin , Lutz Christian , Mersch Simon , Thelen Richard , Greiner Christian , Gomard Guillaume , Hölscher Hendrik
Published: October 2018

Lizards of the genus Scincus are widely known under the common name sandfish due to their ability to swim in loose, aeolian sand. Some studies report that this fascinating property of sandfish is accompanied by unique tribological properties of their skin such as ultra-low adhesion, friction and wear. The majority of these reports, however, is based on experiments conducted with a non-standard granular tribometer. Here, we characterise microscopic adhesion, friction and wear of single sandfish scales by atomic force microscopy. The analysis of frictional properties with different types of probes (sharp silicon tips, spherical glass tips and sand debris) demonstrates that the tribological properties of sandfish scales on the microscale are not exceptional if compared to snake scales or technical surfaces such as aluminium, Teflon, or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
Synthesis of 3-aminocoumarin-N-benzylpyridinium conjugates with nanomolar inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Khunnawutmanotham Nisachon , Laongthipparos Cherdchai , Saparpakorn Patchreenart , Chimnoi Nitirat , Techasakul Supanna
Published: October 2018

A series of 3-amino-6,7-dimethoxycoumarins conjugated with the N-benzylpyridinium moiety through an amide-bond linkage was synthesized and evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. A number of the benzylpyridinium derivatives exhibited potent activities with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the nanomolar concentration range. Among them, the 2,3-difluorobenzylpyridinium-containing compound was the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.53 ± 0.01 nM. Docking studies revealed that the synthesized compounds inhibit the target enzyme by a dual binding site mechanism whereby the coumarin portion binds with the peripheral anionic site while the N-benzylpyridinium residue binds with the catalytic anionic site of the enzyme.
MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH IN EVALUATING CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF SOCIALLY-EXCLUDED GROUPS
Authors: Džunić Marija , Stanković Jelena , Janković-Milić Vesna
Published: October 2018

The paper explores the potential impact of social enterprises on social exclusion. In particular, the role of social enterprises in labour market integration of socially excluded individuals is analysed within the existing theoretical and policy discourses of exclusion. Taking into account the difficulties in measuring the social impact of social enterprises, our study contributes to the quantitative literature on the performance of social enterprises, taking the number of integrated people as a measure of the impact on social exclusion. The research is based on data on the employment of marginalized groups, derived from a unique dataset collected by a recently conducted survey of social enterprises in Serbia. The original methodological framework combines statistical methods and multi-criteria decision making model, in order to evaluate the contribution of different types of enterprises to the employment of excluded individuals. Weights determination for the MCDM model is performed using entropy while TOPSIS method is applied for the ranking of the types of social enterprises according to the employment of socially excluded categories. The results indicate that enterprises for employment of persons with disabilities, citizens’ associations and cooperatives in Serbia contribute the most in integrating the socially excluded.
Accessing bioactive potential of cave bacterial extracts
Authors: Veloso Telma , Reboleira Ana Sofia , Oliveira Helena , Gonçalves Fernando , Marques Sérgio
Published: October 2018

Recently, there has been an increasing demand for new molecules with bioactivity as a result of the increasing number of multi drug resistant bacteria and also of the need to find treatment for various diseases. Thus, to fill this urging need there has been a great investment in developing new techniques to speed up and increase the possibility of finding new molecules with therapeutic potential. Typically, the first stage of drug discovery process relies on in vitro assays and conventional high-throughput LC-MS-MS approaches. This combined with unique extreme environments, as a source of new molecules, has proved to be a good approach to enlarge natural product drug discovery. Considering the present demand for new bioactive molecules, together with the fact that cave microorganisms are already considered an important, yet largely unexplored source, our study aimed at assessing the bioactive potential of cave bacterial extracts, namely its antimicrobial and antitumoral potential. From six soil samples collected in the Cerâmica cave, at the Sicó karst massif, centre of Portugal, a total of 409 isolates were obtained. After a primary screening with the cross-streak method, 91 isolates showed antagonistic activity against four pathogenic agents (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas salmonicida and Bacillus aquimaris). Afterwards the secondary screening was carried out with the three isolates that presented higher antimicrobial activity. For the secondary screening, cell-free supernatants (CFS) were tested against eight pathogenic agents (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas salmonicida, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebesiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus). The chemical analysis of the CFS is discussed, as well as the results from the in vitro tests with human cell lines to evaluate its effects on cell morphology, viability and proliferation (Suppl. material 1).
The use of groundwater crustacean communities as indicators for aquifers quality in the semi-arid region of north-central Chile
Authors: Iepure Sanda , Gouin Nicolas , Bertin Angeline , Camacho Ana , González-Ramón Antonio , de Cisneros Vencelá Concha , Di Lorenzo Tiziana
Published: October 2018

Chile has large extensions of arid and semi-arid regions throughout the whole country, where the intensive demands and use of water resources, especially groundwater for irrigations and mining activities, increased dramatically over the last decades. The aquifer depletions due to water abstraction for irrigation and nutrient loads, exert major alterations of water quality, groundwater recharge and the natural renewal rate. All these factors diminish the aquifer value for the users and contribute to the degradation of groundwater as environment and habitat for fauna. This intensive use of groundwater resources in Chile brought to significant social and economic benefits, but their inadequate management resulted in negative environmental, legal and socioeconomic consequences. In this study, we aimed at providing a first assessment of environmental alterations of groundwater ecosystems from agricultural watersheds in northern Chile by specifically evaluating the effects of nitrogen and pesticide loads on groundwater communities and identifing the ecosystem service alterations due to agricultural activities. The study has been performed in a glacial aquifer from Coquimbo region; 250 km north of Santiago de Chile, the floodplain of which is dominated by agriculture (fruits tress, vineyards). Due to low regional precipitations (100-240 mm/year) the aquifer is primarily recharged by snowmelt from the Andean chain and surface runoff. The relative groundwater levels, groundwater temperature, chemical analysis of nitrogen and total phosphorus and pesticide concentrations were examined, along with the evaluation of crustacean biodiversity and spatial distribution pattern. Stygofauna taxonomic richness and the presence of stygobites have been related more to groundwater level stability than to chemical water parameters indicating that over-exploitation has a negative impact on habitat suitability for groundwater invertebrates. Groundwater biota assessment is essential in understanding the impact produced by agriculture activities on groundwater as a resource and as ecosystem, a nexus that becomes more and more widely recognized. The rationale and the preliminary results of this study are summarized in the Suppl. material 1.
First records of Gnathia Leach, 1814 and Tachaea Schioedte & Meinert, 1879 from South Korea, with descriptions of two new species (Isopoda, Cymothoida, Cymothooidea)
Authors: Song Ji-Hun , Min Gi-Sik
Published: October 2018

Two new species of cymothoid isopods,Gnathiakoreanasp. n.andTachaeakoreaensissp. n., are described from South Korea. The generaGnathiaLeach, 1814 andTachaeaSchioedte & Meinert, 1879 are recorded for the first time in South Korea.Gnathiakoreanasp. n.is distinguished from its congeners by having the smooth dorsal surface of the pereon, the strongly ridged unornamented paraocular ornamentation, the strong bifid mediofrontal process, and the serrated superior frontolateral process.Tachaeakoreaensissp. n.is distinguished from its congeners by having the expanded propodus with serrated inferior margins in pereopods 1–3, the propodus with serrated inferodistal margins in pereopods 4–7, one seta on the apical lobe of the maxilla, and ten robust setae on the posterior margin of the pleotelson.
Two new species of genus Limnias from Thailand, with keys to congeners (Rotifera, Gnesiotrocha)
Authors: Meksuwan Phuripong , Jaturapruek Rapeepan , Maiphae Supiyanit
Published: October 2018

Two new species and two morphological variant taxa of sessile rotifers found during a survey of Thai rotifers are reported upon. Living specimens were collected and identified from twelve sampling sites. The specimens were photographed, and prepared for SEMs of dorsal plates and trophi. Two new species of genus Limnias are recognized. Limniaslenissp. n. possesses a corona with a relatively shallow ventral sinus, and a dorsal plate without any projection, whereas Limniasnovemcerassp. n. carries a corona with a deep and wide ventral sinus, and a dorsal plate with nine projections. Two morphological variants of Limniasmelicerta are discussed, which are designated as L.melicerta SH and L.melicerta LH on the basis of the length of the horns on their dorsal plates. Moreover, both a dichotomous key and a formula key are provide including all Limnias species known to date.
Les bébés prématurés perçoivent-ils la synchronie audio-visuelle à 4 mois ? Contribution de l’analyse oculométrique
Authors: Morange-Majoux Françoise , Lemoine-Lardennois Christelle , Orriols Éric , Provasi Joëlle
Published: October 2018

Résumé L’objectif de cette recherche était d’examiner la perception d’événements audio visuels désynchronisés chez les nourrissons prématurés et nés à terme, en comparant non seulement les temps de regard entre des situations synchro- et désynchronisées mais également en analysant l’exploration visuelle au moyen d’un traqueur oculaire, afin de déterminer si des zones étaient préférentiellement examinées. Dix-huit bébés nés entre 34 et 36 semaines d’Âge gestationnel (AG), douze bébés nés entre 31 et 33 semaines AG et trente-six bébés nés à terme ont été observés à 4 mois. Après avoir été habitués à une scène audio-visuelle synchronisée (cible bougeant verticalement avec un son associé à son rebond), les bébés étaient soumis à une phase test au cours de laquelle leur étaient présentées alternativement 3 fois, une scène désynchronisée (son décalé par rapport au rebond de la cible) et la scène synchronisée. Les résultats montrent que les bébés regardent plus longtemps la scène désynchronisée que le dernier essai d’habituation quel que soit l’âge gestationnel. L’examen de leur exploration visuelle révèle qu’ils regardent plus longtemps la zone de la cible où le son décalé est entendu. Toutefois les bébés nés prématurément regardent moins longtemps la cible que les bébés nés à terme et prennent plus de temps pour s’habituer. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes d’hypervigilance liée à l’expérience extra-utérine acquise par les bébés nés prématurés.
Mobilisations Sociales à Astrakhan
Authors: Clément Karine
Published: October 2018

Résumé Dans cet article, l’auteur, s’appuyant sur une approche ethnographique du politique, traque les traces d’une éventuelle politisation dans les mobilisations sociales de petite échelle inscrites dans les problèmes du quotidien telles qu’elles se présentent dans la ville russe d’Astrakhan. S’inspirant de la sociologie pragmatiste qui réévalue le pragmatisme, et au travers de l’analyse de certains déplacements de mobilisations du proche vers le public et le politique, l’auteur montre comment une politisation peut se produire dans l’attachement au quotidien et les actions menées en commun pour améliorer ce quotidien. Afin de comprendre les logiques de politisation des profanes en politique, l’article conclut sur la nécessité de réévaluer les résistances quotidiennes ou les mobilisations pragmatiques et d’y suivre les possibles cheminements d’une politisation terre à terre, riche d’enseignements théoriques et pratiques.
Would CEEC International Trade be Higher with the Euro?: Evidence from Sectoral Data
Authors: Festoc Frédérique , L’Œillet Guillaume , Roudaut Nolwenn
Published: October 2018

Cet article cherche à estimer les gains commerciaux potentiels pour cinq Pays de l’Europe Centrale et Orientale (République tchèque, Estonie; Hongrie, Pologne, Slovaquie) générés par une entrée dans la zone euro. Notre approche sectorielle permet de mesurer l’impact d’une éventuelle adoption de l’euro à travers la structure de leurs exportations. Nous estimons pour cela un modèle de gravitation statique sur 21 pays de l’OCDE (excluant les cinq pays de l’Europe de l’Est) entre 1993 et 2005 pour évaluer les effets de l’adoption de l’euro dans 10 secteurs manufacturiers. Dans un exercice contrefactuel, nous estimons les gains ou pertes potentiels de l’adoption de la monnaie commune pour les cinq pays d’intérêt. Nos résultats suggèrent que les cinq pays gagneraient à intégrer la zone euro sur le plan commercial puisque un effet euro est significatif dans 9 secteurs. L’ampleur de cet « effet euro » diffère selon les secteurs (entre 8 et 44 %), impliquant finalement un impact différent sur les exportations des pays étudiés. Ainsi, l’Estonie bénéficierait plus amplement de l’adoption de l’euro que la Slovaquie.
Relationship of Multiple Attempts on an Admissions Examination to Early Program Performance
Authors: Dunham Michelle , MacInnes Joshua
Published: October 2018

Background:

When a student makes multiple attempts at an admissions assessment, an institution must decide how to incorporate the resulting information into its admissions decision. However, little research exists to guide this decision within a nursing admissions context.

Method:

This article examines patterns in retesting scores from a nursing admissions assessment and the correlations of four retesting score treatments with scores on an early program assessment.

Results:

Although test scores do increase with each subsequent attempt, the average of all attempt scores is more highly correlated, in almost all instances, with future performance in a nursing program than any one test score.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that nursing programs presented with multiple scores from an examinee would be best served by using an average of all available scores when making admissions decisions. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(10):578–583.]
Clinical Research Nursing: Awareness and Understanding Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Alsleben Aaron R. , Alexander Jeffrey L. , Matthews Eric P.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The American Nurses Association recognizes the specialty practice of Clinical Research Nursing, but many new nurses are unaware of the specialty and lack knowledge to effectively interact with research teams.

Method:

Participants completed a novel online survey to describe the level of awareness and understanding of the clinical research nursing specialty and the effect of clinical studies on nursing practice in fourth-year baccalaureate nursing program students.

Results:

Ninety-three participants completed the survey. Most were aware that some nurses specialize in the care of clinical study participants, and most did not know how to effectively support research teams. Years of nursing experience was associated with an understanding of how to effectively collaborate with clinical research nurses and an interest in a career as a clinical research nurse.

Conclusion:

Entry-level nursing programs should expose students to the clinical research nurse role and provide the knowledge needed to collaborate with researchers when caring for patients in clinical studies. [J Nurs Educ.2018;57(10):598–603.]
Using Simulation to Teach Telehealth Nursing Competencies
Authors: Smith Tedra S. , Watts Penni , Moss Jacqueline A.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The use of telehealth to provide care to millions of patients who have difficulty accessing care through traditional means is growing exponentially. Nurse educators must prepare students to meet the challenge of managing this mode of care delivery.

Method:

A simulated telehealth experience was designed using the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning
Standards of Best Practice: Simulation
™
, student learning objectives, and telehealth competencies. The design promoted active participation in a telehealth visit with a standardized patient.

Results:

The simulation provided students with the opportunity to demonstrate use of telehealth equipment and become familiar with telehealth competencies. This hands-on experience increased student engagement related to telehealth as a health care delivery option and was an effective objective structured clinical examination.

Conclusion:

Integration of telehealth into the nursing curriculum is a necessity as health care technology advances. Simulation is one strategy available to expose students to telehealth and increase student engagement. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(10):624–627.]
Un diente de cría de mamut (Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799, Proboscidea) procedente del Musteriense de la Cueva de la Arbreda (Serinyà, NE de la Península Ibérica)
Authors: Rufí I. , Solés A. , Soler J. , Soler N.
Published: October 2018

Los restos de crías de mamut son raros en el registro fósil de la Península Ibérica. Hasta ahora, en Cataluña, se conocen solo en la cueva de les Teixoneres (Moià), dónde se acaba de publicar una dP2 (Álvarez-Lao et al., 2017). En este artículo, se presenta un nuevo descubrimiento de un resto de cría de mamut procedente del nivel J de la cueva de la Arbreda. Su cronología es imprecisa por la falta de dataciones absolutas fiables. A pesar de todo, la presencia de industria lítica musteriense, las dataciones en 14C de la parte alta del nivel supreyacente (I) y los resultados de las series de uranio en la base de la columna estratigráfica permiten afirmar una cronologia relacionada con el MIS-3 antiguo u MIS-4, con una antigüedad superior a los c. 44 ka BP.
La pieza C5 EC135 2302 es un dp3 izquierdo de mamut que perteneció a una cría de alrededor de un año de edad al momento de su muerte. Los estudios morfológicos y morfométricos señalan una atribución taxonómica a Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799. El contexto faunístico de este resto no es el de los típicos ambientes de tundra-estepa euroasiáticos, donde predominan las especies adaptadas al frío. Contrariamente, el nivel J de la Arbreda muestra un conjunto típico de las faunas del último glaciar ibérico donde las especies euritérmicas y de ambientes templados dominan sobre las de clima frío. Teniendo en cuenta los estudios previos sobre el registro fósil de las faunas adaptadas al frío en la Península Ibérica, el deinte de la Arbreda se sitúa cerca del segundo episodio dispersivo del mamut lanudo, aunque más antiguo. De hecho, el resto de mamut de la Arbreda nos explica que este evento dispersivo probablemente empezó con anterioridad a lo que se establecía.
Ancrages et circulations. La diversité des sociétés romani-tsiganes en France au début du xxe siècle
Authors: About Ilsen
Published: October 2018

Cet article présente le cadre général des présences romani-tsiganes en France au début du xxe siècle. Fondée sur une synthèse de sources imprimées et de descriptions régionales ou générales, cette étude propose de définir les modalités d’une inscription ancienne et pourtant méconnue. Partant d’une critique du modèle diasporique appliqué à ces populations, l’analyse offre de combiner l’historiographie des migrations et celle des mobilités itinérantes pour repenser une présence inscrite au croisement de cadres géographiques variés. Le jeu des échelles, à la fois régionales et transfrontalières, semble ainsi définir une morphologie spécifique, fondée sur l’ancrage local des communautés et sur l’exercice d’une circulation courante ou intermittente.
Hungarian migrant communities decoupling from the old country in the United States (1900-1920s)
Authors: Pálvölgyi Balázs
Published: October 2018

The first decade of the 20th century witnessed the most intensive period of Hungarian migration to the United States, the migrants themselves representing the whole ethnic diversity of the country of origin. Despite Budapest’s efforts to control the migration and the capital’s call for loyalty based on the nation state, the migrants gradually disentangled themselves from Hungary beginning with those migrants of ethnic minority background, up to the end of World War I, then continuing with ethnic Hungarians in the post war decades.
La captivité en Allemagne des soldats juifs de France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : l’ébauche d’un phénomène diasporique éphémère ?
Authors: Richard Delphine
Published: October 2018

Parmi les prisonniers de guerre de France détenus en Allemagne de 1940 à 1945 se trouvaient environ 13 000 soldats juifs. Si leur statut de prisonnier de guerre les plaçait aux marges de la Shoah, leur judéité tendait à les singulariser au sein du monde captif, où ils subirent antisémitisme et discriminations. Cette problématique identitaire et ce destin commun tendirent à rassembler ces Juifs au sein de chaque camp militaire, et furent l’occasion de l’éclosion de formes communautaires éphémères aux traits diasporiques.
The Impact of Anti-Retroviral Therapy on Tuberculosis Detection at the National Level in South Africa
Authors: McLaren Zoë M. , Sharp Alana , Brouwer Elizabeth , Nanoo Ananta
Published: October 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis (HIV/TB) coinfection is particularly prevalent in South Africa, where TB has been the leading cause of death for more than a decade. The 2004–2008 national rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides a unique opportunity to examine the population-level impact of ART on the TB epidemic. We performed longitudinal regression analysis to follow the evolution of TB outcomes before and after the introduction of ART using a large data set from the National Health Laboratory Service. This is the first study to produce estimates of the impact of the ART rollout by exploiting staggered timing and geographic variation in the rollout. After ART became available in a health facility, 3.7% (P < 0.0001) more patients were tested for TB and 3.2% (P < 0.0001) more received repeat testing; however, there was a steep rise in testing before the introduction of ART. Although the number of TB-positive patients increased by 4.3% (P = 0.0002) in the first year post-ART, the TB rate among tested patients fell by 2 percentage points (8%, P = 0.001) after 2 years. Sputum smear testing declined relative to more technologically advanced diagnostics post-ART. Antiretroviral therapy availability increased the attention to TB screening and drew new patients into the health-care system. Small increases in the numbers of repeat patients are indicative of retention in care. The decline in TB rates post-ART suggests that the reduction in TB risk due to improved immune functioning and health-care contact likely outweighed the increased TB risk because of the longer lifespan of ART initiators.
Case Report: Use of Plasma Exchange Followed by Convalescent Plasma Therapy in a Critically Ill Patient with Severe Fever and Thrombocytopenia Syndrome–Associated Encephalopathy: Cytokine/Chemokine Concentrations, Viral Loads, and Antibody Responses
Authors: Choi Sungim , Kim Min-Chul , Kwon Ji-Soo , Kim Ji-Yeun , Lee Keun Hwa , Kim Sung-Han
Published: October 2018

We describe the case of a patient with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) complicated by SFTS-associated encephalopathy who was successfully treated with 4-day plasma exchange followed by two-time convalescent plasma therapy. During plasma exchange, the plasma cytokines interferon-α and inducible protein-10 gradually decreased without change of plasma viral load. However, plasma viral load gradually decreased after convalescent plasma therapy. This case provides important insights for understanding the mechanisms of experimental therapy in severely affected SFTS patients.
Impact of a Nonfatal Dengue Episode on Disability-Adjusted Life Years: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Zeng Wu , Halasa-Rappel Yara A. , Durand Laure , Coudeville Laurent , Shepard Donald S.
Published: October 2018

As dengue causes about 4,000 symptomatic nonfatal episodes for every dengue death globally, quantitative disability assessments are critical to assess the burden of dengue and the cost-effectiveness of dengue control interventions. This systematic analysis of disability or quality of life lost from a symptomatic nonfatal dengue episode combined a systematic literature review, statistical modeling, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We conceptualized a dengue episode as having two phases: acute and persistent symptoms. Our estimates for the acute phase, consisting of onset and recovery periods and defined as the first 20 days (0.054 year), were based on literature review. We searched PubMed, POPLINE, EconLit, Google Scholar, scientific conferences, and other sources, for “dengue” plus “quality of life” or related terms. From 4,322 initial entries, six met our criteria (original studies with empirical data). The median disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden for the acute phase was 0.011 (95% certainty interval [CI]: 0.006–0.015) for ambulatory episodes, 0.015 (CI: 0.010–0.020) for hospitalized episodes, and 0.012 (CI: 0.006–0.019) overall. Using literature reviews about persistent dengue, we estimated that 34% of episodes experienced persistent symptoms with a median duration of symptoms of 0.087 (CI: 0.040–0.359) year, which resulted in median DALYs of 0.019 (CI: 0.008–0.082). Thus, the overall median DALY burden was 0.031 (CI: 0.017–0.092) for ambulatory episodes, 0.035 (CI: 0.024–0.096) for hospitalized episodes, and 0.032 (CI: 0.018–0.093) overall. Our dengue-specific burden of a dengue episode was 2.1 times the 2013 Global Burden of Disease estimate. These literature-based estimates provide an empirical summary for policy and cost-effectiveness analyses.
Evidence of Likely Autochthonous Transmission of Chagas Disease in Arizona
Authors: Beatty Norman L. , Perez-Velez Carlos M. , Yaglom Hayley D. , Carson Sharon , Liu Eugene , Khalpey Zain I. , Klotz Stephen A. , Elliott Sean P.
Published: October 2018

A healthy 16-year-old girl born and raised in Tucson, AZ, had screening and confirmatory testing revealing Chagas disease; clinical evaluation established that she had the indeterminate form of chronic Chagas disease with evidence of likely autochthonous transmission. Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction in Triatoma rubida captured at her home.
What’s behind the ag-data logo? An examination of voluntary agricultural-data codes of practice
Authors: Sanderson Jay , Wiseman Leanne , Poncini Sam
Published: October 2018

In this article, we analyse agricultural data (ag-data) codes of practice. After the introduction, Part II examines the emergence of ag-data codes of practice and provides two case studies—the American Farm Bureau’s Privacy and Security Principles for Farm Data and New Zealand’s Farm Data Code of Practice—that illustrate that the ultimate aims of ag-data codes of practice are inextricably linked to consent, disclosure, transparency and, ultimately, the building of trust. Part III highlights the commonalities and challenges of ag-data codes of practice. In Part IV several concluding observations are made. Most notably, while ag-data codes of practice may help change practices and convert complex details about ag-data contracts into something tangible, understandable and useable, it is important for agricultural industries to not hastily or uncritically accept or adopt ag-data codes of practice. There needs to be clear objectives, and a clear direction in which stakeholders want to take ag-data practices. In other words, stakeholders need to be sure about what they are trying, and able, to achieve with ag-data codes of practice. Ag-data codes of practice need credible administration, accreditation and monitoring. There also needs to be a way of reviewing and evaluating the codes in a more meaningful way than simple metrics such as the number of members: for example, we need to know something about whether the codes raise awareness and education around data practices, and, perhaps most importantly, whether they encourage changes in attitudes and behaviours around the access to and use of ag-data.