bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Optimization Models For Bandwidth Provisioning And Routing In Fixed Microwave Backhaul Networks
Authors: Mehadji Djamil , Kaddour Mejdi
Published: December 2021

This paper addresses the problem of determining bandwidth allocation and traffic routes in fixed microwave networks such that overall bandwidth cost is minimized while traffic demands are satisfied with a required reliability level. These networks exhibit high variability in link throughput as modulations schemes are adapted dynamically to ensure acceptable bit-error rate at the receivers according to external conditions such as the weather. First, we formulate an optimal optimization approach based on mixed-integer linear programming, which is subsequently reinforced by inserting problem-specific valid inequalities based on global network capacity and feasible bandwidth/modulation combinations. Then, we introduce a Lagrangian-based heuristic that provides near optimal solutions while reducing drastically the computation time. In comparison to previous work, our experimental results show that our approaches are capable to solve large real-world network instances in an effective manner. Furthermore, the results evaluate the impact of reliability and transported traffic demands on bandwidth cost.
Woody Encroachment Affects Multiple Dimensions of Ant Diversity in a Neotropical Savanna
Authors: Neves Karen , Santos Bernardo , Schultz Ted , Gotzek Dietrich , Abreu Rodolfo C.R. , Durigan Giselda , Vasconcelos Heraldo L.
Published: December 2021

Although savanna woody encroachment has become a global phenomenon, few studies have simultaneously evaluated its effects on multiple dimensions and levels of savanna biodiversity. We evaluated how the progressive increase in tree cover in a fire-suppressed savanna landscape affects the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of neotropical ant communities. We sampled ants along an extensive tree cover gradient, ranging from open savannas to forests established in former savanna areas due to fire suppression, and found that Leaf Area Index explained much of the observed variation in ant diversity at both the alpha and beta levels. However, ant responses to variation in tree cover were largely non-linear as differences in alpha diversity and in the dissimilarities of the sampled communities were often much more marked at the savanna/forest transition than at any other part of the gradient. The patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity mirrored those of taxonomic diversity, notably at the beta level. At the alpha level, functional diversity tended to increase, whereas taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity decreased or was unrelated to tree cover. Our results indicate that savanna ant communities switch rapidly to an alternative state once savanna turns into forest. Ant communities in the newly formed forest areas lacked many of the species typical of the open habitats, suggesting that the maintenance of a fire suppression policy, is likely to result in a decrease in ant diversity and in the homogenization of the ant fauna at the landscape level.
Quantification of Optimal Target Reliability for Seismic Design: Methodology and Application to Midrise Steel Buildings
Authors: Habibi Kasra , Varzandeh S. Saeid Hosseini , Mahsuli Mojtaba
Published: December 2021

Quantification of the optimal target reliability based on the minimum lifecycle cost is the goal standard for calibration of seismic design provisions, which is yet to be fully-materialized even in the leading codes. Deviation from the optimally-calibrated design standards is significantly more pronounced in countries whose regulations are adopted from the few leading codes with no recalibration. A major challenge in the quantification of optimal target reliability for such countries is the lack of risk models that are suited for the local construction industry and design practices. This paper addresses this challenge by presenting an optimal target reliability quantification framework that tailors the available risk models for the countries from which the codes are adopted to the local conditions of the countries adopting the codes. The proposed framework is showcased through the national building code of Iran, which is adopted from the codes of the United States, using a case study of three midrise residential steel building archetypes. The archetypes have various structural systems including intermediate moment-resisting frame (IMF) and special concentrically braced frame (SCBF). Each of these archetypes are designed to different levels of the base shear coefficient, each of which corresponds to a level of reliability. To compute the lifecycle cost, the initial construction cost of buildings is estimated. Next, robust nonlinear models of these structures are generated, using which the probability distribution of structural responses and the collapse fragility are assessed through incremental dynamic analyses. Thereafter, the buildings are subjected to a detailed seismic risk analysis. Subsequently, the lifecycle cost of the buildings is computed as the sum of the initial construction cost and the seismic losses. Finally, the optimal strength and the corresponding target reliability to be prescribed are quantified based on the notion of minimum lifecycle cost. The results reveal a 50-year optimal reliability index of 2.0 and 2.1 for IMF and SCBF buildings, respectively and an optimal collapse probability given the maximum considered earthquake of 16% for both systems. In the context on the case study of the national building code of Iran, the optimal design base shear for IMF buildings is 40% higher than the current prescribed value by the code, whereas that of SCBF buildings is currently at the optimal level.
Model-Based Cloud Service Deployment Optimisation Method For Minimisation of Application Service Operational Cost
Authors: Stupar Ivana , Huljenić Darko
Published: December 2021

Many of the currently existing solutions for cloud cost optimisation are aimed at cloud infrastructure providers, and they often deal only with specific types of application services, leaving the providers of cloud applications without the suitable cost optimization solution, especially concerning the wide range of different application types. In this paper, we present an approach that aims to provide an optimisation solution for the providers of applications hosted in the cloud environments, applicable at the early phase of a cloud application lifecycle and for a wide range of application services. The focus of this research is development of the method for identifying optimised service deployment option in available cloud environments based on the model of the service and its context, with the aim of minimising the operational cost of the cloud service, while fulfilling the requirements defined by the service level agreement. A cloud application context metamodel is proposed that includes parameters related to both the application service and the cloud infrastructure relevant for the cost and quality of service. By using the proposed optimisation method, the knowledge is gained about the effects that the cloud application context parameters have on the service cost and quality of service, which is then used to determine the optimised service deployment option. The service models are validated using cloud application services deployed in laboratory conditions, and the optimisation method is validated using the simulations based on proposed cloud application context metamodel. The experimental results based on two cloud application services demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to provide relevant information about the impact of cloud application context parameters on service cost and quality of service, and use this information in the optimisation aimed at reducing service operational cost while preserving the acceptable service quality level. The results indicate the applicability and relevance of the proposed approach for cloud applications in the early service lifecycle phase since application providers can gain useful insights regarding service deployment decision without acquiring extensive datasets for the analysis.
PMHE:A Wearable Medical Sensor Assisted Framework For Health Care Based On Blockchain And Privacy Computing
Authors: Zhao Jindong , Wang Wenshuo , Wang Dan , Mu Chunxiao
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, smart medical cloud platforms have become a new direction in the industry. However, because the medical system involves personal physiological data, user privacy in data transmission and processing is also easy to leak in the smart medical cloud platform. This paper proposed a medical data privacy protection framework named PMHE based on blockchain and fully homomorphic encryption technology. The framework receives personal physiological data from wearable devices on the client side, and uses blockchain as data storage to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with or forged; Besides, it use fully homomorphic encryption method to design a disease prediction model, which was implemented using smart contracts. In PMHE, data is encoded and encrypted on the client side, and encrypted data is uploaded to the cloud platform via the public Internet, preventing privacy leakage caused by channel eavesdropping; Smart contracts run on the blockchain platform for disease prediction, and the operators participating in computing are encrypted user data too, so it avoids privacy and security issues caused by platform data leakage. The client-to-cloud interaction protocol is also designed to overcome the defect that fully homomorphic encryption only supports addition and multiplication by submitting tuples on the client side, to ensure that the prediction model can perform complex computing. In addition, the design of the smart contract is introduced in detail, and the performance of the system is analyzed. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the operating effect of the system, ensuring that user privacy is not leaked without affecting the accuracy of the model, and realizing a smart medical cloud platform in which data can be used but cannot be borrowed.
Cytotoxic Effect of Disulfiram/Copper On Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines and LGR5-Positive Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Authors: Cao Hao-Zhe , Zheng Peng-Sheng , Yang Wen-Ting
Published: December 2021

Background: Tumor resistance is a global challenge for tumor treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main population of tumor cells for drug resistance. We have reported that high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity represents a functional marker for cervical CSCs. Here we aim at disulfiram (DS), an ALDH inhibitor, that has the potential as a novel treatment to be used for cervical cancer.Methods: MTT assay, western blot, FCS analysis and sorting, vector construction and transfection, in vivo anti-tumor assays were performed using cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were carried out by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of DS was detected by MTT assay and a xenograft cervical cancer model. Results: Disulfiram was cytotoxic to cervical cancer cell lines in a copper (Cu)-dependent manner. Disulfiram/copper (DS/Cu) complex induced deregulation of S-phase and inhibited the expression of stemness marker in cervical cancer cells. DS/Cu caused the death of LGR5-positive cervical cancer cells, a cancer stem-like cell population, which lead to cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, DS/Cu complex had the greater antitumor efficacy on cervical cancer than cisplatin group in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the cytotoxicity of DS/Cu complex may be superior to cisplatin because of targeting LGR5-positive cervical cancer stem-like cells in cervical cancer. Thus, the DS/Cu complex may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer patients.
Does Manufacturing Agglomeration Promote Or Hinder Green Development Efficiency? Evidence From Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Yuan Huaxi , Zou Longhui , Feng Yidai , Huang Lei
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development can be mainly achieved by promoting the green transformation and development of the world economy and by improving the efficiency of regional green development, which often receive extensive attention from the academia. This paper uses a spatial econometric model to estimate the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on green development efficiency based on the panel data of China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The results show an overall large gap of green development efficiency between regions in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, mostly due to the extremely uneven development of green development efficiency in the upper reaches. Opposite to the middle and lower reaches, manufacturing agglomeration in the upper reaches of the YREB improves green development efficiency. Manufacturing agglomeration is conducive to the improvement of green development efficiency in neighboring areas. Nonetheless, it may hinder green development efficiency by inhibiting green technological innovation. This paper provides empirical evidence and policy implications for applying manufacturing agglomeration to promote green development efficiency in accordance with local conditions.
Rcl1 Suppresses Tumor Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bioinformatics and in Vitro Experiments
Authors: Yu Jiaze , Sinan Hou , Minjie Yang , Yongjie Zhou , Nan Du , Liangwen Wang , Wen Zhang , Jianjun Luo , Zhiping Yan
Published: December 2021

Background

RNA 3’-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein (Rcl1) is involved in pre-rRNA processing, but its implication in cancers remains unclear.
Methods

RCL1 expressions in 21 malignancies was examinated through GEPIA website portal. Clinical implication data related to RCL1 level in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) samples were downloaded through TCGA, ICGC, GEO databases. Survival analysis and gene function enrichment analyses were performed through R software. The correlation between RCL1 expression and tumor immune infiltration was assessed via the TIMER2.0 database. The effects of Rcl1 overexpression or knockdown on cell growth and metastasis was evaluated by CCK8, transwell, and cell cycle assays.
Results

RCL1 expression is commonly down-regulated in HCC. The lower expression of RCL1 is associated with higher tumor stage, higher AFP level, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis. RCL1 expression has a significant correlation with immune cells infiltration in HCC, especially myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC). Moreover, it was further identified that Rcl1 expression was reduced in HCC cell lines and negatively correlated with invasion of HCC cell lines. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed that the level of Rcl1 expression in the cytoplasm of HCC cells is significantly lower than that in the cytoplasm of L-02 cell. Moreover, both gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that Rcl1 inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC cells and regulated cell cycle progression in vitro.
Conclusions

Rcl1 may serve as a novel tumor suppressor in HCC, and its biological effect needs further study.
How Do Environmental Subsidies Affect The Environmental Performance of Heavy Polluting Enterprises：Evidence From China
Authors: Liao Feimei , Ye Songqin
Published: December 2021

Taking 257 heavily polluted A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2017 as research samples, this paper investigates the impact effect and mechanism of environmental subsidies on enterprise environmental performance. The study found that environmental subsidies have a positive incentive effect on the environmental performance of heavy polluting enterprises, and its positive incentive effect mainly plays a role through three channels: promoting green technology innovation, increasing government environmental supervision and enhancing executives' environmental awareness. Further research shows that environmental subsidies have a more significant promoting effect on environmental performance in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises with high degree of financing constraints and high level of risk taking. Based on the perspective of environmental benefits of micro enterprises, this paper not only provides direct evidence at the micro level for the implementation effect of government environmental subsidies, but also provides a reference basis for the government to improve the specific implementation path of environmental subsidies. At the same time, it also provides reference for the government to implement directional regulation and accurate implementation of policies according to the particularity of enterprises with different characteristics.
Phase II Study of Dichloroacetate (DCA) in Combination with Chemoradiotherapy for Unresected, Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Powell Steven F , Mazurczak Miroslaw , Dib Elie G , Bleeker Jonathon S , Geeraerts Louis H , Tinguely Matthew , Lohr Michele M , McGraw Steven C , Jensen Ashley W , Ellison Christie A , Black Lora J , Puumala Susan E , Reed Valerie J , Miskimins W Keith , Lee John H , Spanos William C
Published: December 2021

Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally-advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HSNCC) yields 5-year survival rates near 50% despite causing significant toxicity. Dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase metabolic inhibitor, reduces tumor lactate production and has been used in cancer therapy previously. The safety of adding this agent to CRT is unknown. Methods: Our randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II study added DCA to cisplatin-based CRT in patients with LA-HNSCC. The primary endpoint was safety by adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints compared efficacy via 3-month end-of-treatment response, 5-year progression-free and overall survival. Translational research evaluated pharmacodynamics of serum metabolite response. Results: 45 participants (21 DCA, 24 Placebo) were enrolled from May 2011-April 2014. Higher rates of all-grade drug related fevers (43% vs 8%, p = 0.01) and decreased platelet count (67% vs 33%, p = 0.02) were seen in DCA versus placebo. However, there were no significant differences in grade 3/4 AE rates. Treatment compliance to DCA/placebo, radiation therapy, and cisplatin showed no significant difference between groups. While end-of-treatment complete response rates were significantly higher in the DCA group compared to placebo (71.4% vs 37.5%, p = 0.0362), survival outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Treatment to baseline metabolites demonstrated a significant drop in pyruvate (0.47, p <0.005) and lactate (0.61, p <0.005) in the DCA group. Conclusions: Adding DCA to cisplatin-based CRT appears safe with no detrimental effect on survival and expected metabolite changes compared to placebo. This supports further investigation into combining metabolic agents to CRT.Trial registration number: NCT01386632, Date of Registration: July 1, 2011.
In Situ Growth of MnO2 on pDA-Templated Cotton Fabric for Degradation of Formaldehyde
Authors: Zhang Yali , Zhao Zhong , Li Daiqi , Cai Guangming , Tang Xiaoning , Li Wenbin , Cheng Deshan , Wang Xin
Published: December 2021

Degradation of formaldehyde (HCHO) in interior decoration has been an urgent issue due to its toxicity nature and potential threats to human health. In this work, manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) were in situ grown on the polydopamine (pDA)-templated cotton fabrics for environmentally friendly HCHO degradation applications. The morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure of the cotton/pDA/MnO2 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The degradation of HCHO by the as-developed cotton/pDA/MnO2 was measured in a self-made quartz reactor, and the stability of adsorption was evaluated by cyclic experiments. The results showed that the HCHO removal efficiency reached to 100% within 20 min after three cycles, suggesting that the as-prepared fabrics exhibited good stability for the degradation of HCHO. The development of MnO2 NPs coated fabrics provides new strategies in degradation HCHO in interior decoration.
Rapid Evidence Synthesis To Enable Innovation And Adoption in Health and Social Care
Authors: Norman Gill , Wilson Paul , Dumville Jo , Bower Peter , Cullum Nicky
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe rapid identification and adoption of effective innovations in healthcare is a known challenge. The strongest evidence base for innovations can be provided by evidence synthesis, but this is frequently a lengthy process and even rapid versions of this can be time-consuming and complex. In the UK, the Accelerated Access Review and Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) have provided the impetus to develop a faster pathway for identification and adoption of high value innovations in the English NHS. MethodsThe Greater Manchester Applied Research Collaboration (ARC-GM) developed a framework for a rapid evidence synthesis (RES) process, which is highly integrated within the innovation pipeline of the Greater Manchester AHSN and the associated health care and research ecosystem. The RES uses evidence synthesis approaches and draws on the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework to provide rapid assessments of the existing evidence and its relevance for the decision-making process. We implemented this in a real-time context of decision-making around adoption of innovative health technologies.ResultsKey stakeholders in the Greater Manchester decision-making process for healthcare innovations have found that our approach is both timely and flexible, making it a useful input to considerations of innovation for adoption. The RES also identifies limitations of the evidence base for innovations subsequently adopted for roll-out, informing the evaluations planned subsequent to implementation. There is substantial interest from other ARCs and AHSNs in implementing a similar process.ConclusionsThe RES framework we have implemented aims to combine transparency and consistency with flexibility and rapidity, to maximise utility in a real-time decision-making context for healthcare innovations.
Effect of Physical Activity on the Development and the Resolution of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Relation to Body Mass Index
Authors: Choi Hyo-In , Lee Mi Yeon , Kim Hyunah , Oh Byeong Kil , Lee Seung Jae , Kang Jeong Gyu , Lee Sung Ho , Kim Byung Jin , Kim Bum Soo , Kang Jin Ho , Lee Jong-Young , Sung Ki-Chul
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Data on whether physical activity (PA) levels are related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when considering body mass index (BMI) are scarce. We assessed whether PA affects the development or resolution of NAFLD in conjunction with BMI changes.
METHODS
Overall, 130,144 participants who underwent health screening during 2011-2016 were enrolled. According to the PA level in the Korean version of the validated International PA Questionnaire Short Form, participants were classified into the inactive, active, and health-enhancing PA (HEPA) groups.
RESULTS
In participants with increased BMI, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval after multivariable Cox hazard model for incident NAFLD was 0.97 (0.94-1.01) in the active group and 0.94 (0.89-0.99) in the HEPA group, whereas that for NAFLD resolution was 1.03 (0.92-1.16) and 1.04 (0.88-1.23) (reference: inactive group). With increased BMI, high PA affected only new incident NAFLD. PA enhancement or maintenance of sufficient PA prevented new incident NAFLD. In participants with decreased BMI, the HRs were 0.98 (0.90-1.07) and 0.88 (0.78-0.99) for incident NAFLD and 1.07 (0.98-1.17) and 1.33 (1.18-1.49) for NAFLD resolution in the active and HEPA groups, respectively. With decreased BMI, high PA reduced incident NAFLD and increased NAFLD resolution. Maintenance of sufficient PA led to a considerable resolution of NAFLD.
CONCLUSION
In this large longitudinal study, PA prevented incident NAFLD regardless of BMI changes. For NAFLD resolution, sufficient PA was essential along with BMI decrease. Maintaining sufficient PA or increasing the PA level is crucial for NAFLD prevention or resolution.
Markus–Yamabe Conjecture for Asymptotic Stability of Planar Piecewise Linear Systems
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Yang Xiao-Song
Published: December 2021

We present in this paper a detailed study on the Markus–Yamabe conjecture in planar piecewise linear systems. We consider discontinuous piecewise linear systems with two zones separated by a straight line, in which every subsystem is asymptotically stable. We prove the existence of limit cycles under explicit parameter conditions and give more different counterexamples to the Markus-Yamabe conjecture in addition to the counterexamples given by Llibre and Menezes. In particular, we consider continuous planar piecewise linear systems. For such a system with n + 1 zones separated by n parallel straight lines in phase space, we prove that if each of subsystems is asymptotically stable, then this system has a globally asymptotically stable equilibrium point, therefore the Markus–Yamabe conjecture still holds. Some examples are given to illustrate the main results.Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 34C05 · 34C07 · 37G15
Fecal Microbiota and Their Association With Heat Stress in Bos Taurus
Authors: Czech Bartosz , Szyda Joanna , Wang Kai , Luo Hanpeng , Wang Yachun
Published: December 2021

Background: Humans have been influencing climate changes by burning fossil fuels, farming livestock, and cutting down rainforests, which has led to global temperature rise. This problem of global warming affects animals by causing heat stress, which negatively affects their health, biological functions, and reproduction. On the molecular level, it has been proved that heat stress changes the expression level of genes and therefore causes changes in proteome and metabolome. The importance of a microbiome in many studies showed that it is considered as individuals’ “second genome”. Physiological changes caused by heat stress may impact the microbiome composition. Results: In this study, we identified fecal microbiota associated with heat stress that was quantified by three metrics – rectal temperature, drooling, and respiratory scores and represented by their Estimated Breeding Values. For this purpose, the 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used. We analyzed the microbiota from 136 fecal samples of Chinese Holstein cows through a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Sequence data were processed using a pipeline involving QIIME2 software together with SILVA database. Statistical modeling was performed using a negative binomial regression. The analysis revealed the total number of 24 genera and 12 phyla associated with heat stress metrics. Rhizobium and Pseudobutyrivibrio turned out to be the most significant genera, while Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the most significant phyla. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that that three heat stress indicators quantify different metabolic ways of animals’ reaction to heat stress. Other studies already identified that those genera had significantly increased abundance in mice exposed to stressor-induced changes. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the analysis of microbiome composition in cattle using heat stress measured as a continuous variable. The bacteria highly associated with heat stress were highlighted and can be used as biomarkers in further microbiological studies.
Leaderless Maneuver Guidance and Event-Triggered Formation Control for Distributed Multi-Space-Robot Systems
Authors: Wang Xuan , Chu Xing , Meng Yunhe , wen Guoguang , Jiang Qian
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the distributed displacement-based formation and leaderless maneuver guidance control problems of multi-space-robot systems are investigated by introducing event-triggered control update mechanisms. A distributed formation and leaderless maneuver guidance control framework is first constructed, which includes two parallel controllers, namely, an improved linear quadratic regulator and a distributed consensus-based formation controller. By applying this control framework, the desired formation configuration of multi-space-robot systems can be achieved and the center of leaderless formation can converge to the target point globally. Second, a pull-based event triggering mechanism is introduced to the distributed formation controller, which makes the control update independent of the events of neighboring robots, avoids unnecessary control updates, and saves the extremely limited energy of space robots. Furthermore, the potential Zeno behaviors have been excluded by proving a positive lower bound for the inter-event times. Finally, numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Prediction of Dynamic Elastic Properties for Mishrif formation in West Qurna-1 oil field: an experimental work
Authors: wattan ahmed , AL‑Jawad Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Shear and compressional wave velocities are useful for drilling operations, the exploration of reservoirs, stimulation processes, and hydraulic fracturing. An ultrasonic device will be used in this investigation to anticipate and analyze the elastic characteristics of carbonate rocks. At the summit of the field, the well WQ1-20 obtained samples of the Mishrif formation from a variety of various depths. The number of samples taken from the well is nine from different units whereas the number of samples taken from the main unit (MB2) was five. The relations between the elastic properties for the carbonate rocks with P-and S-waves were defined. The relations between Vp and Vs with elastic properties were defined by applied Regression analysis. The results showed that a linear relationship between P-and S-wave velocities with the elastic properties of the carbonate rocks. It is found that the relationship between Vp and Young's modulus (E) is R2 equal to 0.979 while the relationship between Vs and Young's modulus (E) is R2 equal to 0.925. The relationship between shear modulus and Vs is good in comparison with Vp where the values of R2 were 0.985 and 0.94 respectively. R2 values for the Bulk modulus and Lame's constant of Vp are 0.925 and 0.6, respectively, while the values for Vs are 0.925 and 0.6 for the latter. The relation between Vp/Vs ratio with Poisson’s ratio showed a good R2 with a value of 0.97. When it comes to predicting the dynamic elastic characteristics of a material, the ultrasonic approach may be regarded as a cost-effective, easy, and non-destructive method.
The Attitude of Women Planning Pregnancy and/or Having Children Towards Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Bieńkowski Carlo , Kowalczyk Monika , Golik Agata , Kacperczyk-Bartnik Joanna , Bartnik Paweł , Dobrowolska-Redo Agnieszka , Romejko-Wolniewicz Ewa , Pokorska-Śpiewak Maria
Published: December 2021

Background

Infectious disease agents can cause serious fetopathy. Implementing appropriate prevention methods while planning pregnancy can help avoid some of them.
Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was performed. The questionnaire investigated attitudes towards vaccinations, as well as opinions on anti-vaccine movements and the so-called "chickenpox parties".
Results

The study group consisted of 2402 women, age range was 16-54 years (median: 31 years). Most women were from cities > 100,000 inhabitants (49.7%, 1194/2402) and had higher education (71.9%, 1726/2402). A positive attitude towards vaccinations was more common among younger, nulliparous women from big cities (p=0.02, p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively). 2068/2402 (86.1%) of them were not vaccinated before pregnancy and 1931/2402 (80.4%) of women were not vaccinated during pregnancy. While most women (1545/2402, 64.3%) considered vaccination safe, and effective (1904/2402, 79.3%) against infectious diseases, many (n=296/2402 12.3%) have no opinion on the so-called chickenpox party.
Conclusions

Most women in Poland have a positive attitude towards vaccinations and consider vaccines a safe and effective method of protection against infectious diseases. Since a significant proportion of women were not vaccinated before or during pregnancy and about 12% of women are undecided, the physician's role is crucial in educating and persuading the patient to be vaccinated
Synthesis, and Docking Studies of Novel Heterocycles Incorporating the Indazolylthiazole Moiety as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Dawoud Nadia , El-Gendi Hamada , Abdallah Abdallah , El-Fakharany Esmail M. , Lotfy Doaa
Published: December 2021

The current study was directed toward developing a new series of fused heterocycles incorporating an indazolylthiazole moiety. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized through elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry). The cytotoxic effect of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated against normal human cells (HFB-4) and cancer cell lines (HepG-2 and Caco-2). Among the synthesized compounds, derivatives 4, and 6 revealed significant selective antitumor activity, in a dose-dependent manner, against both HepG-2 and Caco-2 cell lines, with a lower risk toward HFB-4 cells (normal cells). Derivative 8 revealed the maximum antitumor activity toward both tumor cell lines, with an SI value of about approximately 26 and an IC50 value of approximately 5.9 µg/ml. The effect of these derivatives (8, 4, and 6) on the expression of 5 tumor regulating genes was studied through quantitative real-time PCR, where their interaction with these genes was simulated through a molecular docking study. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity results revealed that compounds 2, 7, 8, and 9 have potential antimicrobial activity, with maximum broad spectrum activity through compound 3 against the three tested pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The newly prepared compounds also revealed antibiofilm formation activity with maximum activity against Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans.
Role of Iron in the Reduction of Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Low-Middle Income Countries: Insights From Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ali Sumera Aziz , Razzaq Shama , Aziz Savera , Allana Ahreen , Ali Arzina Aziz , Naeem Shahla , Ur-Raheman Fazal
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIron deficiency anemia is a common public health problem problem among women of reproductive age (WRA) as it is can lead to unfavorable maternal and birth outcomes. Although studies are undertaken to assess the efficacy of iron, there are some gaps and limitations in the existing studies that need to be addressed. To address the gaps, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the existing evidence regarding the role of iron in decreasing anemia among WRA in low-middle-income countries.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Science Direct were systematically searched using a comprehensive search strategy for randomized controlled trials published between 2000 to 2020. Mean change in hemoglobin level was assessed as a primary outcome. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effect of all studies using standardized mean differences and their respective 95% CI. We assessed heterogeneity and publication bias using I2 statistics and Egger’s test respectively. This review was conducted with the help of updated guidelines based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysisResultsGenerally, the results demonstrated a favorable effect of iron therapy in improving hemoglobin levels with variation across studies. An overall pooled effect estimate for the role of iron therapy in decreasing the burden of anemia among WRA was -0.51 (95% CI: -1.03 to 0.01) (p = 0.04). Likewise, iron therapy improved ferritin levels and decreased the prevalence of anemia. The heterogeneity across included studies was found to be statistically significant as indicated by the parameters of heterogeneity (Q = 1191.60, I2 = 98.24%, p = 0.000). ConclusionIron therapy in any form may reduce the burden of anemia and improve the hemoglobin and ferritin levels, indicating improvement in iron-deficiency anemia. However, more evidence is needed to assess the morbidity associated with iron consumption such as side effects, work performance, economic outcomes, mental health, and compliance to the intervention with a special focus on married but non-pregnant women planning a pregnancy in near future. A systematic review and Meta-analysis registration: Registered with PROSPERO and ID is CRD42020185033
Jeotgalibacillus Auranticolor sp. nov., Isolated from Freshwater Collected from Baiyangdian Lake Lake, China
Authors: Liu Yu-nan , Wei Meng-yu , Wang Chao , Lyu Zhi-Tang , zhang Xiumin , Feng Jie
Published: December 2021

A novel Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, orange-pigmented bacterial strain, designated R-1-5s-1T, was isolated from Baiyangdian Lake, China. Strain R-1-5s-1T grew at 15-37℃ (optimum 37℃) and pH 7-11 (optimum pH 8) in Luria-Bertani medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain R-1-5s-1T was assigned to the genus Jeotgalibacillus and showed the closest relationships with Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (97.69%), Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus JC303T (97.29%), Jeotgalibacillus marinus DSM 1297T (97.15%), Jeotgalibacillus campisalis SF-57T (97.01%), and Jeotgalibacillus spp. (≤ 97%). The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol; the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0, and anteiso-C17:0; and the major respiratory quinones were MK-7 and MK-8. The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1a linked via L-lysine as the diamino acid. The G+C content was 43.6%, and the draft genome size of strain R-1-5s-1T was 3.4 Mbp. Between strain R-1-5s-1T and the related strain J. salarius ASL-1T, the ANI and dDDH relatedness values were 78.9% and 20.8%, respectively. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses revealed that strain R-1-5s-1T is a novel species in the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus auranticolor sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-1-5s-1T (=CGMCC 1.13567T=KCTC 43038T).
Intraspecific Trait Variability Determines Understorey Plant Community Assembly
Authors: Olszewski Piotr , Puchałka Radosław , Sewerniak Piotr , Koprowski Marcin , Ulrich Werner
Published: December 2021

Increasing evidence points to the major impact of intraspecific variability in species characteristics on community assembly. Contrasting theories predict that high trait variability might either steepening dominance orders or promote diversity. Here, we try to test these predictions with understorey plants in a Polish mixed temperate forest. We focus on four important traits (leaf dry mass LDW, plant height SH, specific leaf area SLA, and number of flowers NF) of the small balsam Impatiens parviflora, the dominant species in this forest system. We relate trait variability to community species richness and abundances, as well as to soil characteristics. The variance – mean relationships of LDW, LH, and NF, but not of SLA, closely followed power functions with slopes > 1.5. Contrary to theory, abundances but not species richness of non-I. parviflora species significantly decreased within increasing variance in I. parviflora trait expression. High trait variability prevailed a higher species richness. Trait variability did not significantly influence species composition and was not significantly correlated with soil characteristics. Our results emphasis the need to study trait variability in terms of appropriate statistical standards as provided by the allometric variance - mean relationship. We argue that an individual based study of local trait variability might return important insights into the composition and assembly of local communities.
Astragalus Polysaccharides Alleviate Lung Adenocarcinoma Bone Metastases by Inhibiting the CaSR/PTHrP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ma Xiaoting , Wang Cong , Yu Jing
Published: December 2021

Background: To expore the possible effect and mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide (APS) on bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.Methods: The culture media of osteoclast (OC) precursor cells, osteoblasts (OBs) and A549 cells were constructed respectively. TRAP staining was used to detect the effect of APS on OC differentiation. Alizarin red staining was used to detect the effect of APS on OB differentiation. The expressions of OC differentiation related proteins and OB specific proteins were detected by Western blotting. The effects of APS on the proliferation and migration of A549 cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. The effect of APS on A549 induced apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) / parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) signal pathway related proteins was detected by Western blotting. The mouse model of bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma was established. The occurrence of bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma in mice was verified by micro CT. The inhibition of APS on bone metastasis and the promotion of tumor cell apoptosis were detected by HE staining and TUNEL assay.Results: APS inhibited the formation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced OCs and promoted the differentiation of OBs in a concentration dependent manner. APS inhibited RANKL induced OC differentiation and the expression of related proteins, and promoted OB differentiation and the expression of related proteins. APS inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells and promoted apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner. APS may inhibit the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells by inhibiting CaSR / PTHrP signaling pathway, and inhibit the expression of CaSR / PTHrP signaling pathway related proteins. In vivo experiments confirmed that APS inhibited bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusions: APS can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the CaSR / PTHrP pathway, and then affect the balance of OCs and OBs in the bone microenvironment, so as to protect the bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.
The Effectiveness of Fear of Leprosy As a Mediator of The Relationship Between Resilience, Coping Resources, and Coping: A Correlation Study Through The Structural Equation Model In Patients With Leprosy
Authors: Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Alinda Medhi Denisa , Kusumaputra Bagus Haryo , Nasir Abd. , Yusuf Ah , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: December 2021

Background: Strengthening the argument for better problem solving can reduce excessive worry, so as to reduce fear due to leprosy disability, because the impact arising from leprosy disability can affect the chosen coping strategy. Methods: The purpose of this study was to test the model of the relationship between resilience, coping resources, and coping through structural equation modeling to identify the role of disability fear as a mediator. The leprosy disability fear scale, coping resources scale, and coping scale have been used to collect data, with 125 participants involved in this study through convenience sampling, consisting of women (33.60%), men 66.40 %. Structural equation model is used to test through cross-sectional design. Results: The results of the study report that there is a negative relationship between coping resources and fear of leprosy disability, and it is known that there is a positive relationship with coping. Meanwhile, The test results showed a negative relationship between resilience and fear of leprosy disability, and a positive relationship with coping. Furthermore, to coping, fear of leprosy disability shows a negative relationship. Conclusion: Coping in seeking health assistance is strongly influenced by resilience and coping resources, both directly and indirectly through the mediator of fear of leprosy disability. As a result, in seeking health assistance, individuals who have strong self-defense and have extensive coping resources, have adaptive coping, thereby reducing the fear of leprosy disability, and thus can maintain adaptive coping during the leprosy healing process.
Spread and Dynamics of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Four Other Countries in the Early Phase: A Study for the Development of the Advanced Health System
Authors: Khan Shahanavaj , Islam Asimul , Firoz Ahmad , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Malik Abdul
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is challenge to the world which was at first confirmed in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019. It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. In the current work we evaluated effect of health policy of Saudi Arabia for the management of COVID-19 pandemic in early phase and compared to other four countries. MethodBased on the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) data, the summary of daily report of COVID-19 was prepared from 02 March to 30 April 2020. Further, the daily report of enhancement in cases and recovery of the patients was also summarized. Moreover, the incidence, death and recoveries of COVID-19 cases in KSA were compared with major infected country including China, Italy, Spain and United State of America (USA). The important role of artificial intelligence was shown for the development of drug targets against to infectious diseases Results In KSA, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on 02 March 2020. Since then, it has affected 22,753 persons till the end of the April 2020. Also, the results showed that the infection rate of COVID-19 increased continuously during the current period of study in KSA. Nevertheless, the rate of death due to COVID-19 is much less with comparison to China, Italy, Spain, and USA due to good medical facilities along with quick action by the government of KSA after the emergence of first case. There is a dire need to develop new platforms and approaches to combat new and old diseases including COVID-19 at warp speed when compared to traditional approaches. DeepDrug’s approach to drug discovery and development showed brighter future towards the discovery of novel drugs against infectious diseases including COVID-19.ConclusionCurrently, there is higher probability of COVID-19 spread at any place. Therefore good health policy, precautionary measures and medical facility of whole nations should be excellent to combat against the COVID-19 pandemic until the reliable vaccine or antiviral drug developed for the proper treatment of virus. The artificial intelligence (AI) based available process might be very helpful for the drug discovery and development against of old and newly discovered diseases including COVID-19.