bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Tea Consumption Is Increasing but There Are Significant Hepatic Side Effects
Authors: Malnick Stephen , Maor Yaacov , Neuman Manuela G.
Published: December 2022

Herbal medicines including teas and plant extracts have been in use for thousands of years. There are reports of the use of herbal preparations in Egypt, China, India, and Samaria. Many patients consider “natural” herbal teas to be completely free of unwanted side effects. Many herbal products, however, have biological activities that can result in severe hepatic cell toxicity or interact with other herbal products or prescription medications. Their use is increased dramatically. The most common herbal teas and nonmineral natural products are used as self-medication, principally for health improvement. However, these products are potentially dangerous to some individuals. Monitoring for liver injury is an important aspect of drug and herbal safety assessment. When present, herbal-induced liver injury (HILI) may limit the use or result in the discontinuation of these agents. HILI can exhibit with a wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic elevations in aminotransferases to acute liver failure. Most cases of HILI resolve within several weeks after herbal remedy discontinuation. However, some cases can persist as low-level aminotransferase elevations. Our review aims to (1) describe the possible significant discrepancies between the ingredients listed on the label and the actual contents of the preparation; (2) evaluate teas containing multiple plants or herbs which may be adulterated by more toxic herbs, heavy metals, microbials, pharmaceuticals, and medicines; (3) describe pathophysiologic events in herbal tea-induced hepatotoxicity; and (4) discuss the key elements required for attributing the consumption of tea to the induction of liver injury. The widespread use of mixed heterogeneous remedies and the lack of randomized trials are an obstacle to providing safe use of plant-derived teas.
A Case of Uterine Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Complicated by Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Yamada Kaori , Yamanishi Yukio , Aratake Junichi , Sasagasako Nanayo , Inayama Yoshihide , Gou Rei , Kawamura Atsuko , Yamanishi Megumi , Kosaka Kenzo
Published: December 2022

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is one of the presentations of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm that is frequently complicated by tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Here, we report an uncommon case of uterine LAM treated with everolimus, which is a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. A 42-year-old female patient (gravida 0) with a history of TSC presented with abdominal pain. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple masses in the uterine myometrium, suggesting tumors that may contain internal hemorrhagic components. The lesions were suspected as the root cause of her symptoms. After everolimus was administered for a previously diagnosed renal angiolipoma, her uterine tumors temporarily decreased in size. Subsequently, laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed since she could not tolerate everolimus for a long period due to the medication’s side effects. Furthermore, the patient was diagnosed with LAM through histopathological examination after surgical resection. Therefore, it is advisable to suspect and investigate uterine LAM when a patient with a history of TSC presents with irregular genital bleeding or abdominal pain. Moreover, mTOR inhibitors may be a treatment option, in addition to surgery, in cases of uterine LAM exacerbation.
Path Optimization of Welding Robot Based on Ant Colony and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhang Yiwan
Published: December 2022

While the process of intelligent industrial production is accelerating, the application scope of welding robots is also expanding. For the purpose of reducing the work efficiency and time consumption of the welding robot, the ACO is used for the shortest distance and the GA is used for the shortest time fixed-point path trajectory optimization. The application of parameter optimization and random disturbance factor in the ACO increases the global search performance of the algorithm. In the shortest time trajectory optimization, the B-spline curve interpolation method and the GA are combined to carry out the segmental optimization processing. Simulation experiments show that the optimization strategy of ACO can increase the iterative calculation efficiency and path optimization performance of the algorithm. At the same time, the robot with optimized genetic algorithm has smaller fluctuations in joint angle and angular velocity in the simulated welding task, and the optimization algorithm takes 17.6 s less than the traditional particle swarm algorithm and 11 s less than the single

A

∗

algorithm. The experiments confirmed the performance of the ACO-GA for the path optimization of the welding robot, and research can provide a scientific path optimization reference for the welding task of the industrial production line.
G-ROBOT: An Intelligent Greenhouse Seedling Height Inspection Robot
Authors: Wang Baoqi , Ding Yang , Wang Chunyan , Li Deyu , Wang Hongchang , Bie Zhilong , Huang Yuan , Xu Shengyong
Published: December 2022

An intelligent and modular greenhouse seedling height inspection robot was designed to meet the demand for high-throughput, low-cost, and nondestructive inspection during the growth of greenhouse seedlings. The robot structure mainly consists of a multiterrain replacement chassis, an electronic control lift image acquisition support, and a quick disassembly mechanism. SolidWorks was used to design the robot and Adams was used for motion simulations. Based on STM32 and Raspberry Pi as the core, the robot is equipped with various sensors to build a reliable control system for intelligent navigation for inspection tasks as well as acquisition of high-quality images and environmental information data of seedling crops. The developed growth point detection algorithm based on the EfficientNet deep learning network can efficiently measure the heights of seedlings and the application of the host software and cloud server makes it easy to monitor and control the robot and store and manage various data. The results of the greenhouse experiment showed that the robot has an average battery life of 5.2 h after being fully charged, with satisfactory motion stability and environmental adaptability; the environmental information data collected were valid, and errors were within the acceptable range; the captured seedling crop images were of high quality, and the seedling height data obtained through algorithm analysis were valid and reliable. The robot is expected to be an intelligent assistant for seedling research and production.
Editorial
Authors: Carneiro Leonel Martins
Published: December 2022

A Revista aSPAs traz em seu primeiro número os trabalhos apresentados por ocasião do primeiro Seminário de Pesquisas em Andamento, organizado pelo programa de Pós-Garduação em Artes Cênicas da USP.
Empatija medicinskih sestara
Authors: Bitunjac Ana , Vižintin Karolina , Cindrić Željka
Published: December 2022

Uvod: Bolesnici i njihove obitelji od medicinskih sestara očekuju suosjećanje, empatiju i uzajamno poštovanje. S ciljem što boljeg usvajanja empatičkih vještina komuniciranja s bolesnicima, u sestrinskoj profesiji potrebno je provoditi kontinuiranu edukaciju od samog početka školovanja te nastaviti putem cjeloživotnog učenja.Ispitanici i metode: Podaci su prikupljani općim upitnikom o demografskim karakteristikama i studentskom verzijom Jeffersonove ljestvice empatije razvijene posebno za proučavanje empatije zdravstvenih djelatnika i studenata u kontekstu skrbi o pacijentima. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene 252 medicinske sestre i tehničara. Provedeno je presječno istraživanje. Statistička analiza rađena je programskim sustavom MedCalc.Rezultati: Istraživanjem je uočena visoka razina empatije, medijan Jeffersonove ljestvice empatije iznosio je 121 (IQR 111 – 128), što je iznad prosjeka u usporedbi s prijašnjim istraživanjima. Značajno višu razinu empatije iskazale su žene u usporedbi s muškarcima, a značajno nižu najmlađi ispitanici. Nije uočena povezanost empatije s razinom obrazovanja.Zaključak: Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na visoku razinu empatije kod medicinskih sestara i tehničara, ali još uvijek ima dovoljno prostora za poboljšanja. Očekivala se viša razina empatičnosti prvostupnika sestrinstva. Pretpostavljalo se da će profesionalno iskustvo, kao i obrazovanje, doprinijeti višoj razini empatičnosti. Može se zaključiti da bi u obrazovanje medicinskih sestara i tehničara poželjno bilo uključiti više sati poučavanja o dobrobitima empatije i vježbanju vještine iskazivanja empatije.
Eligibility and Implementation of Rivaroxaban for Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombosis in Clinical Practice—Insights From the CANHEART Study
Authors: Sheth Maya S. , Yu Bing , Chu Anna , Porter Joan , Tam Derrick Y , Ferreira‐Legere Laura E. , Goodman Shaun G. , Farkouh Michael E. , Ko Dennis T. , Abdel‐Qadir Husam , Udell Jacob A.
Published: December 2022

Background

The COMPASS (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies) trial decreased major adverse cardiovascular events with very low‐dose rivaroxaban and aspirin in patients with coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. We examined the eligibility and potential real‐world impact of this strategy on the COMPASS‐eligible population.

Methods and Results

COMPASS eligibility criteria were applied to the CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) registry, a population‐based cohort of Ontario adults. We compared 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding rates stratified by COMPASS eligibility and by clinical risk factors. We applied COMPASS trial rivaroxaban/aspirin arm hazard ratios to estimate the potential impact on the COMPASS‐eligible cohort. Among 362 797 patients with coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, 38% were deemed eligible, 47% ineligible, and 15% indeterminate. Among eligible patients, a greater number of risk factors was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular outcomes, whereas bleeding rates increased minimally. Over 5 years, applying COMPASS treatment effects to eligible patients resulted in a 2.4% absolute risk reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events and a number needed to treat of 42, and a 1.3% absolute risk increase of major bleeding and number needed to harm (NNH) of 77. Those with at least 2 risk factors had a 3.0% absolute risk reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (number needed to treat =34) and a 1.6% absolute risk increase of major bleeding (number needed to harm =61).

Conclusions

Implementation of very‐low‐dose rivaroxaban therapy would potentially impact

≈

$$ \approx $$

2 in 5 patients with atherosclerotic disease in Ontario. Eligible individuals with

≥

$$ \ge $$

2 comorbidities represent a high‐risk subgroup that may derive the greatest benefit‐to‐risk ratio. Selection of patients with high‐risk predisposing factors appears appropriate in routine practice.
Association of Chronic Covert Cerebral Infarctions and White Matter Hyperintensities With Atrial Fibrillation Detection on Post‐Stroke Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring: A Cohort Study
Authors: Amberger Ulfrid , Lippert Julian , Mujanovic Adnan , Beyeler Morin , Siepen Bernhard , Vynckier Jan , Scutelnic Adrian , Goeldlin Martina , Seiffge David , Jung Simon , Gralla Jan , Arnold Marcel , Kaesmacher Johannes , Reichlin Tobias , Tanner Hildegard , Fischer Urs , Roten Laurent , Meinel Thomas Raphael
Published: December 2022

Background

This study was conducted to explore the association of different phenotypes, count, and location of chronic covert brain infarctions (CBIs) with detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) on prolonged post‐stroke cardiac rhythm monitoring (PCM).

Methods and Results

We conducted a cohort single‐center study of consecutive first‐ever ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients undergoing PCM between January 2015 and December 2017. We blindly rated CBI phenotypes according to established definitions and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) according to the age‐related white matter changes rating scale. We used (multiple) regression models to assess the association of the imaging biomarkers and incident AF on PCM. A total of 795 patients (median [interquartile range]) aged 69 (57–78) years, 41% women, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 2 (0–5), median PCM duration 14 (7–14) days, and AF detection in 61 patients (7.7%) were included. On univariate analysis, WMHs (per point odds ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.03–1.78]) but not CBIs (odds ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.52–1.56]) were associated with AF detection. Neither CBI phenotype, count, nor location were associated with AF detection. After adjustment for age, hypertension, and stroke severity, neither increasing WMHs (per point adjusted odds ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.60–1.20]) nor CBIs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.33–1.09]) were independently associated with AF detection.

Conclusions

Although WMHs and CBIs represent surrogate biomarkers of vascular risk factors, neither WMHs nor CBIs, including their phenotypes, count, and location, were independently associated with AF detection on PCM. In patients with manifest ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, the presence of imaging biomarkers of chronic ischemic injury does not seem promising to further refine prediction tools for AF detection on PCM.
The Politics of Environmental Consensus: The Case of the World Commission on Dams
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Adams William M.
Published: December 2022

Recent discussion of global environmental assessment processes suggests that the process of consensus creation is central to understanding the way knowledge is produced and conclusions are reached. Here we contribute to this literature by providing a case study of the World Commission on Dams, which brought together supporters and opponents of large dams, at the height of controversy about dams in the 1990s. The Commission reviewed evidence and formulated guidelines for best practice, finding a way through a political stalemate. The article draws on interviews with those involved in the Commission and discusses the historical context, form of stakeholder representation, time horizon, and leadership style as consensus-enabling conditions. We conclude that an ambitious consensual process was successful within the life of the Commission, but at the cost of carrying external actors with it, leading to challenges with dissemination and uptake of consensual recommendations.
Growing Apart: China and India at the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
Authors: Yang Shiming
Published: December 2022

Developing countries are growing apart on environmental issues. International environmental negotiations are no longer characterized merely by the North–South conflict. Rising powers have come to divide the Global South and redefine the Common-But-Differentiated Responsibilities principle. This article explains the divergence of China and India at the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, one of the first global environmental agreements to differentiate obligations between developing countries. China and India, the world’s two largest hydrofluorocarbon producers, ended decades of collaboration and split the rest of the developing world behind them. I argue that developmental strategy and political institutions shape the preferences and influences of industrial, governmental, and social stakeholders, thereby explaining their negotiation behavior and outcome. This article explains why China moved faster and further than India on negotiations for hydrofluorocarbon regulation. It has important implications for the two rising powers’ implementation of the Kigali Amendment and for their position formulations on other environmental issues.
Extreme Wildfire Environments and Their Impacts Occurring with Offshore-Directed Winds across the Pacific Coast States
Authors: Garner Jonathan M. , Kovacik Carly E.
Published: December 2022

Wildfires that posed an immediate threat to life and property during the period 1933–2021 were examined across the Pacific Coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Such fires were identified in local, state, and federal data archives and other sources that yielded 150 events for analysis. A subset of those fires was sorted into one of two synoptic-scale patterns associated with an autumn-season offshore-directed low-level flow regime and a summer-season non-offshore-directed low-level flow regime. Proximity analysis soundings near the offshore wind-driven wildfires frequently displayed ingredients that supported gap and mountain-wave development, which were responsible for generating fast-moving wildfires, long-distance spotting, and firebrand showers that resulted in loss of life and property. Paradoxically, the most extreme combinations of strong winds and low relative humidity were observed near high-population centers in Southern California, yet the most destructive and deadly fires were in less-populated regions of northern California and western Oregon. Additional analysis of 40 Fire Behavior Fuel Models data, housing development in the wildland–urban interface, and U.S. census demographic information revealed that the northern California and western Oregon wildfires were associated with more devastating outcomes because 1) a higher ratio of communities were intermixed with flammable fuels, 2) fire ignitions of an electrical origin occurred in wind-prone corridors that were upstream from communities, and 3) communities in northern California and western Oregon were composed of a greater percentage of socially vulnerable people such as the elderly who were less capable of perceiving and evading intense rapidly evolving wildfires.
Delayed Hemolysis With Parenteral Artesunate
Authors: Awuah Alfred , Shah Punit Jitendra , Tariq Farheen
Published: December 2022

Artesunate is an effective and first-line therapy option in patients with severe malaria caused by Plasmodium species. Among adverse effects of the drug is a phenomenon of delayed hemolysis. This usually occurs at least 7 days after initiation of therapy, and is characterized by reductions in hemoglobin and haptoglobin and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase. Here, we report an instance of delayed hemolysis in a patient probably attributed to parenteral artesunate therapy.
Design, experimental demonstration, and validation of a composite morphing space radiator
Authors: Walgren Patrick , Nevin Sean , Hartl Darren
Published: December 2022

Future manned space missions will require thermal control systems that can adapt to larger fluctuations in temperature and heat flux exceeding the capabilities of current state-of-the-art technologies. Specifically, these missions will demand novel space radiators that can vary the system heat rejection rate to maintain the crew cabin at habitable temperatures throughout the entire mission. While current systems can provide a turndown ratio (defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum heat rejection rates) of 3:1 under adverse conditions, future missions are projected to demand thermal control systems that can provide a turndown ratio of more than 6:1. A novel morphing radiator concept autonomously varies the system heat rejection rate by altering the shape of the panel exposed to space, where composite materials can provide an ideal compromise between thermal conductivity, restorative stiffness and deformation capability. Shape change is accomplished through the use of shape memory alloys, a class of active materials that exhibit thermomechanically driven phase transformations and can be used as simultaneous sensors and actuators in thermal control applications. This work details progress towards testing and modeling a spaceflight-quality, high turndown ratio morphing radiator prototype in a relevant thermal environment. A prototype composite morphing radiator with shape memory alloy strip actuators and high performance thermal coatings achieved a turndown ratio of 7.2:1, while an associated multi-physical model thereof has been shown to capture all major effects and will enable future design improvements.
Effects of Educational Materials About Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Charcoal use on Adult Smokers’ Risk Perceptions
Authors: Lipkus Isaac M. , Cobb Caroline O.
Published: December 2022

A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of toxicants released by using charcoal and perceived harms of using charcoal. Participants were randomized to either a control or to an educational arm that reviewed toxicants released by burning charcoal and the health consequences. Participants in the educational relative to the control arm perceived charcoal as more harmful, were more knowledgeable of toxicants released by burning charcoal, and expressed a stronger desire to quit. Effects were sustained a week later. Brief messages about the harms of burning charcoal were effective and may be used to educate the public about the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking.
Integral-proportional derivative controller tuning rules obtained from optimum responses for set-point tracking of unstable processes with time delay
Authors: Kaya Ibrahim , Cokmez Erdal
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces the design of integral–proportional derivative (I-PD) controllers for unstable first-order plus time-delay and integrating-unstable first-order plus time-delay processes. Minimization of the error based on integral performance criteria is performed to derive analytical rules using curve fitting techniques. Obtained analytical formulas may be used to determine the necessary tuning parameters of the I-PD controller from the known plant transfer function parameters. Advantages of the introduced tuning of I-PD controllers are shown by comparisons with other existing ones in terms of unit step responses, measurement noise, control signals, perturbations in plant transfer function parameters, and integral performance indices. Results have shown that some significant advantages have been achieved with the introduced tuning of I-PD controllers when compared to others in the literature.
‘There is light despite all of the darkness’: Exploring perceptions of faith and hope during the pandemic in Australian church settings
Authors: Joseph Dawn , Hyde Brendan
Published: December 2022

The pandemic and resulting stay-at-home orders since March 2020 have come at a high cost to lives and livelihoods around the globe including ways in which faith communities meet. This paper forms part of a wider study Exploring hope, grace, and resilience in parish communities in COVID-19 times. It investigates how members of Christian faith communities in Melbourne (Australia) made meaning of their understanding of hope during the pandemic. The authors draw on survey data gathered between November 2021 and mid-March 2022 and using thematic analysis they discuss two overarching themes (Light despite the darkness and Connection to God). While generalisations to other faith communities cannot be made, the findings indicate churches fostered hope and offered a sense of belonging. The paper discusses implications for ways in which churches can continue to build faith with church members and the wider community in the changing landscape of the pandemic.
Radical Offspring
Authors: Folbre Nancy
Published: December 2022

This essay provides a brief informal reflection on radicalism from the perspective of intersectional political economy.

JEL Classification: A113, B51, B54
3G-optimization of multi-cell crash box cross-section of autobody based on crashworthiness
Authors: Zhang Junyuan , Wang Shihang , Di Chunhe , Zhang Le , Zhou Hao , Ning Linan
Published: December 2022

The cross-section, thickness, and material of the autobody structure determine the crashworthiness and lightweight level. Different from the variables in traditional autobody design that are considered separately, the basic theory of 3G-optimization is to simultaneously consider geometric shape (Geometry), the thickness of structure (Gauge), and material grade (Grade) in structural optimization design, which is conducive to maximizing the lightweight potential of the structure. This paper presents a cross-section optimization method for multi-cell thin-walled structures based on 3G-optimization, which is used in the structural design of crash box. Based on full width frontal collision condition, the cross-section shape, thickness, and material variables of the multi-cell crash box are optimized simultaneously. Multiple sets of optimization schemes show obvious weight reduction effect while ensuring safety. Besides, the sub-system decoupling method and hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) method are applied to 3G-optimization process, which is beneficial to improve the calculation efficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the definition of the initial design space for 3G-optimization.
Repeat Customers and Satisfaction: Uncovering New Intricacies Through Restaurant Reviews
Authors: Ji Xiaoxian , Nicolau Juan Luis , Law Rob , Liu Xianwei
Published: December 2022

Repeat customers are crucial for business success. Previous studies have mainly focused on those factors that affect repeat patronage but ignored how repeat customers reevaluate the same service provider after consumption. We obtained a dataset containing 637,748 reviews of restaurants in New York City and used a generalized difference-in-differences design to further explore the rating behavior of local repeat customers. The results of this study contribute to theories of customer satisfaction, repeat patronage, and customer location in the context of user-generated content as repeat customers are found to be sensitive to quality variations. Such sensitivity is even accentuated by local customers. Relevant practical implications for restaurant managers are also drawn from the results.
Relationship between paramagnetic rim lesions and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Calvi Alberto , Clarke Margareta A , Prados Ferran , Chard Declan , Ciccarelli Olga , Alberich Manel , Pareto Deborah , Rodríguez Barranco Marta , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Tur Carmen , Rovira Alex , Barkhof Frederik
Published: December 2022

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers for chronic active lesions in MS include slowly expanding lesions (SELs) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs).

Objectives:

To identify the relationship between SELs and PRLs in MS, and their association with disability.

Methods:

61 people with MS (pwMS) followed retrospectively with MRI including baseline susceptibility-weighted imaging, and longitudinal T1 and T2-weighted scans. SELs were computed using deformation field maps; PRLs were visually identified. Mixed-effects models assessed differences in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score changes between the group defined by the presence of SELs and or PRLs.

Results:

The median follow-up time was 3.2 years. At baseline, out of 1492 lesions, 616 were classified as SELs, and 80 as PRLs. 92% of patients had ⩾ 1 SEL, 56% had ⩾ 1 PRL, while both were found in 51%. SELs compared to non-SELs were more likely to also be PRLs (7% vs. 4%, p = 0.027). PRL counts positively correlated with SEL counts (ρ= 0.28, p = 0.03). SEL + PRL + patients had greater increases in EDSS over time (beta = 0.15/year, 95% confidence interval (0.04, 0.27), p = 0.009) than SEL+PRL-patients.

Conclusion:

SELs are more numerous than PRLs in pwMS. Compared with either SELs or PRLs found in isolation, their joint occurrence was associated with greater clinical progression.
Evaluating the central vein sign in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: A case series study
Authors: Boccia Vincenzo Daniele , Lapucci Caterina , Cellerino Maria , Tazza Francesco , Rossi Andrea , Schiavi Simona , Mancardi Maria Margherita , Inglese Matilde
Published: December 2022

The central vein sign (CVS) has been proposed as a biomarker of multiple sclerosis (MS). In adult-onset MS (AOMS), 40%-threshold of CVS positive (+) lesions demonstrated high accuracy for MS diagnosis. However, CVS+ lesions’ performance has not been characterized in paediatric-onset (POMS) yet. We compared the CVS contribution to MS diagnosis in 10 POMS and 12 disease-duration-matched AOMS patients. Three POMS patients did not meet the 40%-threshold, while all AOMS patients were correctly diagnosed as having MS. The high proportion of periventricular confluent lesions, excluded from the CVS assessment, seemed to impair CVS sensitivity in POMS diagnosis.
Understanding what we know so far about young people's engagement with wellbeing apps. A scoping review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Antezana Gaston , Venning Anthony , Smith David , Bidargaddi Niranjan
Published: December 2022

Background

Increased levels of wellbeing contribute to people being more productive, resilient, physically healthy and showing lower levels of mental illness. Using mobile apps to increase wellbeing in young people is becoming the method of choice. This study sought to critically appraise the current evidence base with regards to young people's (16–24 years of age) engagement with wellbeing apps.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature and narrative synthesis was conducted to investigate users’ characteristics and other potential engagement elements. A total of 11,245 titles, 160 abstracts and 68 full-text articles published between 2002 and 2021 were screened, of which 22 studies were included.

Results

Main themes/findings indicated that a user's engagement with wellbeing apps was dependant on the presence of strong identity elements, including motivation, mood and values; design elements such as meaningful rewards, short duration of studies and seamless automatic delivery with low contact with researchers; and being innovative and contextualised. The majority of the studies did not report outcomes by social determinants such as ethnicity, education and others.

Conclusion

This research reflects on the need to consider participants’ individuality when designing app mediated wellbeing interventions.
Standardized Nursing Approach to Acute Aortic Dissection Patient: A Practice Update
Authors: Privitera Daniele , Capsoni Nicolò , Vailati Paolo , Terranova Gianluca , Aseni Paolo
Published: December 2022

Background

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a rare condition but represents a time-sensitive disease for which a wrong and untimely identification in the triage phase could compromise the subsequent diagnostic, therapeutic path and patient's prognosis. The emergency nurse plays a crucial role in identifying and managing patients with possible AAD. The aim of this paper is to describe the emergency department nursing approach to critical patients with suspected hyperacute/acute AAD.

Purpose

It is crucial to examine the emergency departments nursing approach to patients with suspected AAD. It is fundamental to have a rapid and standardized approach related to life-saving procedures, practices, and management of critical patients during the triage phase, with the assessment of the most common presentation of clinical signs and symptoms and patient management during each step in the emergency department.

Conclusion

Early identification and diagnosis in ED allow prompt treatment that improves prognosis. The emergency nurse plays a crucial role in correctly identifying and managing patients with acute aortic dissection. High clinical suspicion from the triage stages, early diagnosis, monitoring, and initial clinical stabilization in the emergency department plays a key role while awaiting definitive treatment.
Lung proteome and metabolome endotype in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease
Authors: Samorodnitsky Sarah , Lock Eric F. , Kruk Monica , Morris Alison , Leung Janice M. , Kunisaki Ken M. , Griffin Timothy J. , Wendt Chris H.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Obstructive lung disease is increasingly common among persons with HIV, both smokers and nonsmokers. We used aptamer proteomics to identify proteins and associated pathways in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease.

Methods

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 26 persons living with HIV with obstructive lung disease were matched to persons living with HIV without obstructive lung disease based on age, smoking status and antiretroviral treatment. 6414 proteins were measured using SomaScan® aptamer-based assay. We used sparse distance-weighted discrimination (sDWD) to test for a difference in protein expression and permutation tests to identify univariate associations between proteins and forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted (FEV1% pred). Significant proteins were entered into a pathway over-representation analysis. We also constructed protein-driven endotypes using K-means clustering and performed over-representation analysis on the proteins that were significantly different between clusters. We compared protein-associated clusters to those obtained from BALF and plasma metabolomics data on the same patient cohort.

Results

After filtering, we retained 3872 proteins for further analysis. Based on sDWD, protein expression was able to separate cases and controls. We found 575 proteins that were significantly correlated with FEV1% pred after multiple comparisons adjustment. We identified two protein-driven endotypes, one of which was associated with poor lung function, and found that insulin and apoptosis pathways were differentially represented. We found similar clusters driven by metabolomics in BALF but not plasma.

Conclusion

Protein expression differs in persons living with HIV with and without obstructive lung disease. We were not able to identify specific pathways differentially expressed among patients based on FEV1% pred; however, we identified a unique protein endotype associated with insulin and apoptotic pathways.
Recent Advances in Drilling Tool Temperature: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Zhu Zhaoju , Sun Xinhui , Guo Kai , Sun Jie , Li Jianfeng
Published: December 2022

Drilling is regarded as the most complex manufacturing process compared with other conventional machining processes. During the drilling process, most of the energy consumed in metal cutting is converted to heat and increases temperature considerably. The resulting thermal phenomena are important since they influence the mode of deformation, the final metallurgical state of the machined surface, and the rate of tool wear. Hence, understanding the temperature characteristics in the drilling process is crucial for enhancing the drill performance and process efficiency. Extensive efforts have been conducted to measure and control the drilling tool temperature successively. However, very few studies have been conducted from a comprehensive perspective to review all the efforts. To address this gap in the literature, a rigorous review concerning the state-of-the-art results and advances in drilling tool temperature is presented in this paper by referring to the wide comparisons among literature analyses. The multiple aspects of drilling tool temperature are precisely detailed and discussed in terms of theoretical analysis and thermal modeling, methods for temperature measuring, the effect of cutting parameters, tool geometries and hole-making methods on temperature and temperature controlling by different cooling methods. In conclusion, several possible future research directions are discussed to offer potential insights for the drilling community and future researchers.
The alteration of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification at the transcriptome-wide level in response of heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Jing , Wang Jing , Li Qiuling
Published: December 2022

Background

Heat stress has a substantial negative economic impact on the dairy industry. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal RNA modification in eukaryotes and plays a key role in regulating heat stress response in animals. In dairy cows, however, this modification remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we examined the effects of heat stress on the m6A modification and gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells to elucidate the mechanism of heat stress response. In this study, Mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen (MAC-T) cells were incubated at 37 °C (non-heat stress group, NH) and 40 °C (heat stress group, H) for 2 hours, respectively. HSP70, HSF1, BAX and CASP3 were up regulated in H group compared with those in the NH group.

Results

Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were conducted to identify m6A peaks and to produce gene expression data of MAC-T cells in the H and NH groups. In total, we identified 17,927 m6A peaks within 9355 genes in the H group, and 18,974 peaks within 9660 genes in the NH groups using MeRIP-seq. Compared with the NH group, 3005 significantly differentially enriched m6A peaks were identified, among which 1131 were up-regulated and 1874 were down-regulated. In addition, 1502 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA-seq, among which 796 were up-regulated and 706 were down-regulated in the H group compared to the NH group. Furthermore, 199 differentially expressed and synchronously differentially methylated genes were identified by conjoint analysis of the MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data, which were subsequently divided into four groups: 47 hyper-up, 53 hyper-down, 59 hypo-up and 40 hypo-down genes. In addition, GO enrichment and KEGG analyses were used to analyzed the potential functions of the genes in each section.

Conclusion

The comparisons of m6A modification patterns and conjoint analyses of m6A modification and gene expression profiles suggest that m6A modification plays a critical role in the heat stress response by regulating gene expression.
Methodological approaches to study context in intervention implementation studies: an evidence gap map
Authors: Mielke Juliane , Brunkert Thekla , Zúñiga Franziska , Simon Michael , Zullig Leah L. , De Geest Sabina
Published: December 2022

Background

Within implementation science studies, contextual analysis is increasingly recognized as foundational to interventions' successful and sustainable implementation. However, inconsistencies between methodological approaches currently limit progress in studying context and guidance to standardize the use of those approaches is scant. Therefore, this study's objective was to systematically review and map current methodological approaches to contextual analysis in intervention implementation studies. The results would help us both to systematize the process of contextual analysis and identify gaps in the current evidence.

Methods

We conducted an evidence gap map (EGM) based on literature data via a stepwise approach. First, using an empirically developed search string, we randomly sampled 20% of all intervention implementation studies available from PubMed per year (2015–2020). Second, we assessed included studies that conducted a contextual analysis. Data extraction and evaluation followed the Basel Approach for CoNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA), using a color-coded rating scheme. Also based on BANANA and on the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework–an implementation framework that pays ample attention to context– we created visual maps of various approaches to contextual analysis.

Results

Of 15, 286 identified intervention implementation studies and study protocols, 3017 were screened for inclusion. Of those, 110 warranted close examination, revealing 22% that reported on contextual analysis.

Only one study explicitly applied a framework for contextual analysis. Data were most commonly collected via surveys (n = 15) and individual interviews (n = 13). Ten studies reported mixed-methods analyses. Twenty-two assessed meso-level contextual and setting factors, with socio-cultural aspects most commonly studied. Eighteen described the use of contextual information for subsequent project phases (e.g., intervention development/adaption, selecting implementation strategies). Nine reported contextual factors' influences on implementation and/or effectiveness outcomes.

Conclusions

This study describes current approaches to contextual analysis in implementation science and provides a novel framework for evaluating and mapping it. By synthesizing our findings graphically in figures, we provide an initial evidence base framework that can incorporate new findings as necessary. We strongly recommend further development of methodological approaches both to conduct contextual analysis and to systematize the reporting of it. These actions will increase the quality and consistency of implementation science research.
A comparative study between deep learning and radiomics models in grading liver tumors using hepatobiliary phase contrast-enhanced MR images
Authors: Du Lixin , Yuan Jianpeng , Gan Meng , Li Zhigang , Wang Pan , Hou Zujun , Wang Cong
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To compare a deep learning model with a radiomics model in differentiating high-grade (LR-3, LR-4, LR-5) liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) liver tumors from low-grade (LR-1, LR-2) LI-RADS tumors based on the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 361 suspected hepatocellular carcinoma patients were retrospectively reviewed. Lesion volume segmentation was manually performed by two radiologists, resulting in 426 lesions from the training set and 83 lesions from the test set. The radiomics model was constructed using a support vector machine (SVM) with pre-defined features, which was first selected using Chi-square test, followed by refining using binary least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The deep learning model was established based on the DenseNet. Performance of the models was quantified by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1-score.

Results

A set of 8 most informative features was selected from 1049 features to train the SVM classifier. The AUCs of the radiomics model were 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.816–0.888) for the training set and 0.879 (95% CI 0.779–0.935) for the test set. The deep learning method achieved AUCs of 0.838 (95% CI 0.799–0.871) for the training set and 0.717 (95% CI 0.601–0.814) for the test set. The performance difference between these two models was assessed by t-test, which showed the results in both training and test sets were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The deep learning based model can be trained end-to-end with little extra domain knowledge, while the radiomics model requires complex feature selection. However, this process makes the radiomics model achieve better performance in this study with smaller computational cost and more potential on model interpretability.
‘They said, let’s teach you how you are going to care for the child at home…’: caregivers’ and healthcare worker’s perceptions and experiences of post-discharge preterm care in eastern Uganda
Authors: Lyne Holly , Burgoine Kathy , Ogara Collin , Ditai James , Gladstone Melissa
Published: December 2022

Background

Complications of prematurity are the leading cause of neonatal mortality, and the majority of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Research in these settings has focused on improved outcomes for preterm infants in hospital settings, however, research into the continuation of preterm care in the home after discharge from a neonatal unit is limited. This study examines the experiences and perceptions of caregivers of preterm infants during the initial weeks following discharge from a neonatal unit in Uganda, and the views of healthcare workers (HCWs) on the ability of caregivers to cope.

Methods

This qualitative study used multiple data collection approaches, namely focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), field observations, and case studies to explore the perceptions and experiences of providing care to preterm infants post-discharge from a neonatal unit in eastern Uganda from the perspectives of caregivers and HCWs.

Results

We recruited 39 participants with a total of 35 separate sessions including 18 IDIs (12 caregivers and 6 HCWs), 3 FGDs (17 caregivers), and 4 case studies (14 separate IDIs over 5 weeks after discharge, three mothers, and one grandmother). IDIs and FGDs took place at the Mbale Regional Referral Hospital or in participants’ homes.

Key themes emerged; preparation for continuing care in the home, psychosocial challenges to providing preterm care in the home, barriers to continuing preterm care in the home, and suggestions for improvement of preterm care in the home. Caregivers had good knowledge and awareness about different aspects of preterm care. Following discharge, caregivers struggled to maintain quality care due to loss of continuous support from the neonatal team, feelings of anxiety and isolation, financial issues, and home responsibilities.

Conclusion

This study highlights multiple challenges to continuing preterm care in this Ugandan setting. Improved training and education for caregivers, especially in neonatal resuscitation, enhanced and continued support of the caregiver and infant in the home, and increased community involvement following discharge may all be key solutions. These findings are fundamental to improving care in the home for preterm infants in eastern Uganda and similar settings.
Biological and pharmacological roles of m6A modifications in cancer drug resistance
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Zou Haijiao , Dang Qin , Xu Hui , Liu Long , Zhang Yuyuan , Lv Jinxiang , Li Huanyun , Zhou Zhaokai , Han Xinwei
Published: December 2022

Cancer drug resistance represents the main obstacle in cancer treatment. Drug-resistant cancers exhibit complex molecular mechanisms to hit back therapy under pharmacological pressure. As a reversible epigenetic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification was regarded to be the most common epigenetic RNA modification. RNA methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A-binding proteins (readers) are frequently disordered in several tumors, thus regulating the expression of oncoproteins, enhancing tumorigenesis, cancer proliferation, development, and metastasis. The review elucidated the underlying role of m6A in therapy resistance. Alteration of the m6A modification affected drug efficacy by restructuring multidrug efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and anticancer drug targets. Furthermore, the variation resulted in resistance by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), cell stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, and exosomal non-coding RNA. It is highlighted that several small molecules targeting m6A regulators have shown significant potential for overcoming drug resistance in different cancer categories. Further inhibitors and activators of RNA m6A-modified proteins are expected to provide novel anticancer drugs, delivering the therapeutic potential for addressing the challenge of resistance in clinical resistance.