bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TUMDOT–MUC: Data Collection and Processing of Multimodal Trajectories Collected by Aerial Drones
Authors: Kutsch Alexander , Margreiter Martin , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: February 2024

Currently available trajectory data sets undoubtedly provide valuable insights into traffic events, the behaviour of road users and traffic flow theory, thus enabling a wide range of applications. However, there are still shortcomings that need to be addressed: (i) the continuous temporal recording (ii) of a coherent area covering several intersections (iii) with the detection of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of a large-scale aerial drone observation in the city of Munich, Germany, as well as the processing steps and the description of the resulting data set. Using twelve camera-equipped, unmanned aerial drones, the observation monitored an inner urban road section with a length of 700 meters continuously for several hours during the afternoon peak hours on two working days. The trajectories of all road users were then extracted from the videos and post-processed in order to obtain a coherent and accurate data set. The resulting trajectories contain the information on the category, dimensions, location, velocity, acceleration and orientation of each road user at each frame, merged continuously in time and space across several drone observation areas and subsequent time slots. The data therefore includes various interactions of different modes of motorized traffic and active mobility users like pedestrians and cyclists. The whole data set and supporting data is available open source for research purposes to ensure global accessibility.
Hepatitis C care among people with HIV in Puerto Rico: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Rodriguez-Diaz Carlos E. , Malave-Rivera Souhail M. , Vargas-Molina Ricardo L. , Soler Miriam , Otero-Cruz Ilia M. , Aponte Fernando , Agront Nancy
Published: February 2024

Background
A significant proportion of people with HIV are coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Many of these individuals who are chronically infected with HCV will develop complications. Effective treatments are available to cure HCV infection and reduce morbidity and mortality, but most people with HCV do not receive it. The present study aimed at describing a sample of people co-infected with HIV and HCV and exploring barriers and facilitators to HCV care in Puerto Rico.
Methods
Using a mixed-method design, a total of n = 113 randomly selected medical records of people with HIV and HCV coinfection were reviewed. Then, we conducted 12 qualitative interviews with HCV treatment stakeholders (e.g., physicians and pharmacists).
Results
Findings indicate that coinfected individuals have been living with HIV for an average of 16.6 ± 7.7 years. and the average time since the latest HCV treatment was 3.9 ± 4.5 years. The most common HCV genotype was 1a (26.5%; n = 30), 40.7% of the participants were treated with direct-acting antivirals, and 42 (91%) achieved a sustained virologic response. Interview findings suggest that access to HCV treatment is limited mainly due to costs and lack of insurance coverage and that those engaged in HCV care facilitate access to appropriate services.
Conclusions
Expanding coverage and increasing the number of physicians who could prescribe HCV treatment might reduce the gaps in HCV treatment accessibility and use among people coinfected with HIV and facilitate HCV elimination. Culturally appropriate interventions remain needed to address low HCV disease awareness and stigma.
Rhabdomyolysis induced by protective restraints in catatonic schizophrenic patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Sumiao , She Shenglin , Wu Qiuxia , Zheng Yingjun , Kuang Qijie
Published: February 2024

Background Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by muscle necrosis and the entry of myocyte contents into the circulation. Creatine kinase (CK) levels are usually significantly elevated in this syndrome. In psychiatry, it is common to find patients with creatine kinase (CK) levels significantly higher than normal values, sometimes exceeding 10 times the upper limit. This CK elevation may be due to the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis. Severe rhabdomyolysis can lead to acute kidney injury, which can be life-threatening. Case presentation: This report describes the case of a 54-year-old woman with catatonic schizophrenia with a stupor who was admitted to the hospital without CK elevation or muscle damage but developed rhabdomyolysis after protective restraint. The patient had no history of traumatic or exertional illness prior to admission and no family history of rhabdomyolysis. After fluid resuscitation, the patient's rhabdomyolysis resolved. In addition, in combination with modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT), the patient’s stupor symptoms disappeared. Conclusions This case suggests that psychiatrists should be aware of rhabdomyolysis when treating patients with acute schizophrenia who may require additional restraints. Severe rhabdomyolysis can be life-threatening. Therefore, when protective restraints are needed, psychiatrists should strictly follow the guidelines for protective restraint use to avoid additional harm to patients owing to medical reasons.
Prolongation of jaundice in infants at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo during 2020
Authors: Shala Labeat , Duriqi Aida , Duriqi Adnan , Dukaj Genc , Kurmehaj Granit
Published: February 2024

Objective
The aim of this paper is to gain updated knowledge about jaundice in latents and the paper will mainly focus on: frequency, etiology, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, genetics, signs and symptoms, systemic manifestations, forms of jaundice, diagnosis, treatment and extension of jaundice in latents. The objective of this paper is to investigate the cases of jaundice in neonates, in the Department of Neonatology, near the University Clinical Center of Kosovo.
Methods
The research is retrospective and was carried out in the Department of Neonatology, near the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. The subjects of the study were newborns with jaundice. The literature search was carried out through the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.
Results
The study was conducted at the Clinic of Neonatology, near the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. In this study, data were obtained for patients hospitalized during 2020 with prolonged jaundice. A total of 842 newborns were hospitalized, of which 123 had jaundice. According to the 12-month study during 2020, it is found that 120 have fully recovered, while 3 of them have died. The gender structure shows that men participate in 72 cases (58.53%), while women in 51 cases (41.46%).
Conclusion
Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of complications has made this important health problem in our country well treated and our results are similar to those of other centers cited in contemporary literature on this topic.
Production and identification of melon double haploid induced by wide hybridization between melon and cucumber
Authors: Bi Yansheng , Zheng Lina , An Luxi , Wang Yuhui , Zhang Yongping , Qian Chuntao
Published: February 2024

Parthenogenesis is an important way for melon (Cucumis melo L.) haploid production, but difficulties remain in low induction rate, embryo rescue, and chromosome doubling. Wide hybridization of Gramineae crops can directly obtain maternal haploids without embryo rescue and then form double haploids by chromosome doubling. However, this method has not been applied to the melon. To broaden the double haploid creation pathway in melon, seven cross combinations of the genus Cucumis were used for wide hybridization. After pollination, the ovary was treated with forchlorfenuron and thidiazuron to promote embryonic development and chromosome doubling. Results demonstrated that the fruit setting rate was 67.67–84.00%. However, most of the fruits were parthenocarpic (empty seeds), and only one fruit from the combination of BPC-4 (C. melo ‘baipicui’) × YPJ-6 (C. sativus L.) obtained 3 mature seeds. After the 3 seeds germinate, only one seed develops into a plant. Then, the plant (F1) was selfed and obtained F2 and F3. Chromosome counts showed that F2 was diploid (2n = 2x = 24). Compared to BPC-4, the visible variation of compact on botanical traits appeared in F2 and F3 and was uniform in population among F2 and F3. 27 SSR polymorphism markers demonstrated that the maternal origin of gene locus and homozygosity of the F2 hybrid plants. Genome resequencing analysis showed that the F2 genomes were further purified by 0.24% compared to BPC-4. Therefore, the hybrid offsprings were double haploid. In conclusion, we are the first to induce a melon double haploid by wide hybridization.
On the importance of a clear definition of time horizon for time-to-event dynamic predictions: a systematic review and a concrete illustration in kidney transplantation
Authors: Chabeau Lucas , Bonnemains Vincent , Rinder Pierre , Giral Magali , Desmée Solène , Dantan Etienne
Published: February 2024

Background.
Time-to-event dynamic predictions are defined as the probability to survive until a defined time horizon given being event-free at landmark times and given available predictive variables at such prediction times. From two different mathematical formulations, dynamic predictions can either predict the survival probability until a final time horizon or until the end of a sliding horizon window. We aim to illustrate the need to clearly define the time horizon to correctly interpret the prognostic performances.
Methods.
First, following the PRISMA, CHARMS and TRIPOD recommendations, we conducted a systematic review of articles concerning dynamic predictions to assess how the time horizon was reported in the literature. Second, using a sample of 2,523 kidney recipients, we assessed the prognostic capacities of the Dynamic predictions of Patient and kidney Graft survival (DynPG) using either a final time horizon or a sliding horizon window.
Results.
Of 172 references retrieved about dynamic predictions, 102 articles were included in the systematic review. We notably observed that 71 (69.6%) used a sliding horizon window to assess the prognostic performance while 18 (17.7%) used a final time horizon. We also identified 13 articles (12.7%) where the time horizon was not defined clearly (or at all). Our concrete application in kidney transplantation shows that discrimination and calibration are not the same when comparing the two time horizon definitions. On one hand, for a 5-year sliding horizon window, the discrimination slightly increased as the landmark times increased, and we also observed that DynPG is reasonably well calibrated, particularly for the earliest landmark times. On the other hand, for an 11-year final time horizon, the discrimination was high for the earliest landmark times and increased over time, while the calibration plot revealed predictions were underestimated for the earliest landmark times and overestimated for later ones.
Conclusions.
Our systematic review identified a clear heterogeneity in the time horizon definition used, and an absence of a clear time horizon definition in a part of published articles. Our study advocates for improving the reporting when studying dynamic prediction scoring systems since the prognostic performances and interpretation differ according to the time horizon definition.
Serum Osteocalcin as a Risk Factor for osteosarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM
Authors: Li Junyan , Si Qinqin , yuan chuyue , Li Na , Yuan Niuniu , Shen Huimin
Published: February 2024

Background
Osteosarcopenia(OS) has become a global public health problem, which highly influence the life quality for the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the diagnostic processes is complex and difficult due to lack of the exact diagnostic biomarker. Thus, it is necessary to screen the sensitive biomarker of musculoskeletal metabolism in older patient with T2DM. Previous studies have suggested that osteocalcin mainly involved into the development of musculoskeletal metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between osteocalcin and osteosarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM.
Methods
Here we designed a cross-sectional study that included 224 elderly patients with T2DM. We collected the general data and experimental indexes of those patients including bone mineral density (BMD), skeletal muscle index (SMI), grip strength, and gait speed were measured. All subjects were divided into 5 groups based on the above indicators: Controls (CO), Pre-osteosarcopenia(P-OS),Sarcopenia (SP), Osteoporosis(OP), Osteosarcopenia (OS).Meanwhile we examined several bone metabolism-related indexes such as osteocalcin (OC), β-collagen special sequence (β-CTX), and type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between osteoscarsopenia and osteocalcin.
Results
The results showed the levels of OC, β-CTX, and PINP increased in the osteosarcopenia group. BMD, SMI, handgrip strength and calf circumference decreased with the increasing osteocalcin concentrations (p < 0.05). A higher serum osteocalcin level was associated with higher risk of OS (OR = 10.84, 95% CI (1.24-95.00)) in the logistic regression model.
Conclusion
Osteocalcin might be used as the important biomarker to predict the risk of OS in elderly type 2 diabetes.
Analyzing and enhancing the porthole die design for extruding a complicated AA7005 profile
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Cong , Truong Tat-Tai , Wang Jun-Wei , Sheu Jinn-Jong , Hsu Chih-Lin , Hsu Quang-Cherng
Published: February 2024

Porthole extrusion enables the production of aluminum profiles with intricate cross-sections. It can efficiently shape complex profiles; however, few studies have investigated complex hot extrusions using porthole dies, particularly with 7000-series aluminum alloys. Although 7000-series aluminum alloys are renowned for their superior strength, they have poor extrudability, especially for complex extrusion profiles. Implementing an effective die design is essential for avoiding extrusion defects and maximizing extrusion performance. In this study, a porthole extrusion method for a complex profile was developed for AA7005, a medium-high-strength aluminum alloy. Computer-aided engineering simulations were employed to analyze die strength and forecast the flow of the material. After the first trial with the initial design, the lower die was slightly modified. However, following this minor modification, there were occurrences of material blockages. A major revision of die design was then performed, in which bearing length, die runout, and pocket shape were all adjusted. For validation, extrusion testing was conducted, and the effectiveness of the modifications was determined. Finally, the extrusion processes of the modified and initial die designs were compared, including their metal flow behavior, maximum extrusion forces, and product dimensions. The study highlights a well-rounded methodology that incorporates simulation and empirical results to comprehensively understand the challenges of complicated profile extrusion processes with medium-high-strength aluminum alloy.
Effect and mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine in repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yujie , Wang Guang , Li Yao , Zhuo Naiqiang
Published: February 2024

Objective: Observing the effects of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the expression of Collagen IV and Laminin in neurovascular basement membrane and the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, and to study the mechanism of TMP in the treatment of sciatic nerve injury.
Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, the model of sciatic nerve crush injury was made by means of hemostatic forceps, These rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (NC group), Tetramethylpyrazine group (TMP group, 200mg/kg), and normal saline group (NS group, 200mg/kg). Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) and grid crawling experiments were used for behavioral evaluation. hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe its pathological structure and morphology. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression level of Collagen IV and Laminin expression in sciatic nerve vascular basal membrane. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of CD31 and Brdu receptors. The number of Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) was detected by flow cytometry.
Results：Compared with the NS group, the TMP group had a significant increase in the sciatic nerve function index (P<0.01).The miss times in TMP group was significantly lower than that in NS group (P<0.01). The HE staining results of the TMP group showed irregular arrangement of some neuronal axons and Schwann cells, and more edema and rupture of cells. The proliferation of glial cells and inflammatory cells was significantly increased in TMP group. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of type IV collagen and laminin in the TMP group group was distributed around the blood vessels, vascular endothelial cells, basal membrane and glial cells after SNI. The expression of type IV collagen and laminin in TMP group increased significantly(P< 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that compared with NS group, the apoptosis rate of TMP group was significantly decreased (P< 0.01). Flow cytometry results showed that compared with the NS group, the number of CECs in the TMP group was significantly decreased (P< 0.01).
Association of Frailty Syndrome and Sarcopenia With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Older Patients
Authors: Dwipa Lazuardhi , Gukguk Rany Monica Raja , Hidayat Syarief , Susandi Evan , Permana Hikmat , Martha Januar Wibawa , Wijaya Indra
Published: February 2024

Background
Cardiovascular disease rises significantly with age. In aging, there are changes in body composition and functional status that lead to a decreased muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. Frailty syndrome and sarcopenia are predicted to accelerate atherosclerosis, but the study in elderly was very limited. This study aims to find the association of frailty syndrome and sarcopenia with subclinical atherosclerosis in older patients.
Methods
This study was an observational study. Primary data were collected with cross-sectional study approach at Outpatient Clinic of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung during April - August 2023 who had no history of cardiovascular disease. Frailty syndrome was measured by Ina-FRAIL score while sarcopenia was measured by Ina-SARC-F score and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analysis. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by the presence of carotid artery plaques evaluated by ultrasonographic examination.
Results
The study was conducted in 144 older patients who met the inclusion criteria. Frailty syndrome (OR 10.09, 95% CI 1.04–97.80, p value 0.046) and older age (OR 6.09, 95% CI 1.27–29.17, p value 0.024) were associated with carotid plaques. Sarcopenia based on Ina-SARC-F score (OR 1.30 95% CI 0.27–6.35, p value 0.742) and based on ASMI (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.19–2.71, p value 0.756) were not associated with carotid plaque.
Conclusion
Frailty syndrome is associated with the presence of carotid plaques, while sarcopenia has not been proven yet.
Automated Discovery of Integral with Deep Learning
Authors: Yin Xiaoxin
Published: February 2024

Recent advancements in the realm of deep learning, particularly in the development of large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated AI's ability to tackle complex mathematical problems or solving programming challenges. However, the capability to solve well-defined problems based on extensive training data differs significantly from the nuanced process of making scientific discoveries. Trained on almost all human knowledge available, today's sophisticated LLMs basically learn to predict sequences of tokens. They generate mathematical derivations and write code in a similar way as writing an essay, and do not have the ability to pioneer scientific discoveries in the manner a human scientist would do. In this study we delve into the potential of using deep learning to rediscover a fundamental mathematical concept: integrals. By defining integrals as area under the curve, we illustrate how AI can deduce the integral of a given function, exemplified by inferring $\int_{0}^{x} t^2 dt = \frac{x^3}{3}$ and $\int_{0}^{x} ae^{bt} dt = \frac{a}{b} e^{bx} - \frac{a}{b}$. Our experiments show that deep learning models can approach the task of inferring integrals either through a sequence-to-sequence model, akin to language translation, or by uncovering the rudimentary principles of integration, such as $\int_{0}^{x} t^n dt = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}$.
Aqueous Extract of Aloe Vera Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage and Oxidative Stress in Balb/C Mice
Authors: Saleh Jilmari Shadrach , Bedan Helga Ishaya , Chiroma Samaila Musa , Attah Martha Orendu Oche , Manye Sunday Joseph , Dibal Nathan Isaac
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Exessive alcohol abuse is associated with physiological and pathological effects on the body. Aloe vera was selected because of its many beneficial qualities.
Methods
25 mice were given the following treatment protocol: distilled water (normal control), 20% ethanol at 10ml/kg (negative control), 25mg/kg Aqueous extract of Aloe vera (AA) plus 20% ethanol, 50mg/kg AA plus 20% ethanol and 100mg/kg silymarin plus 20% ethanol (positive control) respectively daily for 18 days. After sacrifice, blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The liver was analysed histologically, histochemically and part was macerated to determine oxidative stress biomarkers.
Results
AA significantly decreased (P < .05) AST activity but it did not significantly decrease ALT activity.It significantly increased (P < .05) albumin levels. Pre-treatment with AA at 25mg/kg significantly elevated (P < .05) catalase and SOD activities. However, GSH activity was not significantly changed. AA was found to significantly reduce (P < .05) lipid peroxidation. AA significantly increased the number of hepatocytes at telophase stage relative to the ethanol-treated mice. Histological and histochemical analysis revealed normal hepatocytes with few vacuoles and fewer fat droplets in the liver parenchyma of AA treated mice compared to the ethanol group.
Conclusion
The results reveal that pretreatment with AA has hepatoprotective effects on ethanol-induced hepatic damage by reducing oxidative stress and preserving the histology of the hepatic tissue.
Reduced Dose of Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide with Tacrolimus for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease in HLA-Matched Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplants: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Martinez Carmen , Juárez Alex , Salas María Queralt , Pedraza Alexandra , Suárez-Lledó María , Rodríguez-Lobato Luis Gerardo , Solano María , Serrahima Anna , Nomdedeu Meritxell , Cid Joan , Lozano Miquel , Charry Paola , Arcarons Jordi , de Llobet Noemí , Rosiñol Laura , Fernández-Avilés Francesc , Rovira Montse
Published: February 2024

High-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) (50 mg/kg/day, days + 3/+4) is an excellent strategy to prevent GVHD. However, its use is associated with adverse outcomes such as delayed engraftment, increased risk of infection, and cardiac complications. We prospectively evaluated PTCY at a reduced dose of 40 mg/kg/day on days + 3/+4 plus tacrolimus in 22 patients undergoing HLA-matched alloHSCT. At day + 100, the cumulative incidences of grade II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 18.2% and 4.5%, respectively. No grade IV acute GVHD or steroid-refractory disease was observed. The cumulative incidences of all-grade and moderate-severe chronic GVHD at 1-year were 11.4% and 6.4%, respectively. No patient died from transplant-related complications. Two-year OS and RFS were 77.1% and 58.3%, respectively. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 15 (IQR 14–16) and 16 days (IQR 12–23), respectively. No patient experienced primary graft failure. The cumulative incidences of bloodstream bacterial infections, polyomavirus BK hemorrhagic cystitis, HHV6 reactivation, CMV reactivation, and fungal infections were 13.6%, 9.1%, 9.1%, 4.6%, and 6%, respectively. Only one early cardiac event was observed. These results suggest that PTCY 40 mg/kg/day on a + 3/+4 schedule provides adequate immunosuppression to allow for engraftment and prevent clinically significant GVHD with a low toxicity profile.
Design of anthracyclines with extremely high cytotoxic properties
Authors: Moiseeva Aleksandra A. , Artyushin Oleg I. , Anikina Lada V. , Globa Anastasiya A. , Klemenkova Zinaida S. , Andreev Maxim V. , Radchenko Eugene V. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Brel Valery K.
Published: February 2024

Chemotherapy with anthracycline antibiotics is a common treatment of tumours of various etiologies. Creation of highly effective cytostatics based on daunorubicin is possible by applying the method of reductive amination using polyalkoxybenzaldehydes. The obtained derivatives of anthracycline structure are up to 500 times more potent compared with daunorubicin due to the increased affinity to DNA, which is confirmed by the data of extensive biological assays and the results of molecular modeling.
A Comparative Study of the E-Learning Usage of Postgraduate Students
Authors: Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2024

This research paper undertakes a comprehensive study to explore the usage of e-learning among postgraduate students, with a particular focus on comparing their experiences across various universities and academic programs in India. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness and perception of e-learning platforms and to identify any prevalent challenges and satisfaction levels among those in this demographic group. The study employed a structured questionnaire distributed to 500 postgraduate students from different universities with a stratified random sampling technique ensuring a representative mix of participants. The data collection included both online surveys and in-person questionnaires, focusing on aspects such as e-learning usage, challenges, content quality, assessment, and support systems. Key findings revealed a generally positive attitude toward e-learning, with most students acknowledging its effectiveness in enhancing their educational experience. However, variations in satisfaction levels indicate the need for tailored e-learning strategies that cater to diverse student needs. Gender-based analysis highlighted specific challenges faced by female students, particularly in terms of interaction and self-discipline. Furthermore, comparative analysis across universities revealed slight differences in e-learning satisfaction, suggesting the influence of institutional factors. This study fills a significant gap in the existing literature by providing a comparative analysis of e-learning usage among postgraduate students across various educational settings. The findings have broad implications, emphasizing the need for adaptable and inclusive e-learning strategies. Educational institutions can leverage these insights to enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of their e-learning offerings, ensuring that they align with the diverse needs of postgraduate students.
From Blueprint to Flight: Guiding Your First Generative AI Project - Revolutionizing Service Desk Operations
Authors: Sharma Ashish
Published: February 2024

The main objective of this study is to investigate the strategic incorporation of Generative AI into service desk operations from initiation to execution, and its impact on productivity, customer satisfaction, and efficiency. This study used a phenomenological approach to capture the experiences of employees and uncover insights into the transformative capabilities of GAI within organizational frameworks. The findings revealed the successful integration of GAI, which enhanced the service desk operations. This study identified key steps from market study insights into user-centric adoption that contributed to overall success. Despite acknowledging these limitations, this study provides practical implications for organizations seeking strategic GAI integration. The outlined steps, derived from real-world experience, provide a practical roadmap for organizations to improve their service desk operations and achieve their strategic objectives. The value of this research extends to organizations that consider or adopt Generative AI within their service desk operations.
Preparation and characterization of lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles loaded with astaxanthin-rich oil from shrimp waste
Authors: Kalaei Fatemeh Mirzaee , Hosseini Seyed Fakhreddin , Rezaei Masoud , Yamini Yadollah
Published: February 2024

The present work examined the potential use of lyotropic liquid crystalline systems (hexosomes, HEXs) prepared from a binary lipid mixture of Dimodan U/citrem for delivering shrimp-extracted astaxanthin (ASX)-rich oil. The produced ASX-rich oil-loaded HEXs had highly negative ζ-potentials (in the range of -27.1–34.3 mV) with a size range from 154.4-321.3 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed the coexistence of hexagonal and irregular polyangular structures. ASX-rich oil entrapment efficiency, depending on the oil concentration (0.25-1wt%), was in the range of 85.1–93.9%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed a less-ordered crystalline state resulting in a high loading capacity. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the hydrogen bond formation between ASX-rich oil molecules and the components of the binary lipids. DPPH radical scavenging assay also confirmed the potency of such nanoparticles in preserving the bioactivity of the loaded molecule. Taking into account the obtained results, the produced HEXs are attractive for the delivery of hydrophobic bioactives such as ASX for food and nutraceutical applications.
Correlation of Transrectal Ultrasonography Guided Prostate Biopsy Gleason Score Results with Prostate Volume in Patients with Prostate Specific Antigen Level Between 2.5-10 ng/ml.
Authors: Bostancı Coşkun , Erdem Kazım
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To investigate the correlation between prostate volume and Gleason score results obtained by systematic transrectal prostate biopsy in patients with a prostate-specific antigen value between 2,5–10 ng/ml.
Methods
904 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy at our institution were divided into four groups based on prostate volume calculated by transrectal ultrasonography. Group 1 had a prostate volume ≤ 35 cc, Group 2 had a prostate volume ranging from 36-55cc, Group 3 had a prostate volume between 56-75cc, and Group 4 had a prostate volume > 75cc. Subgroups were based on biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma patients within each group in the same prostate volume intervals, and the prostate cancer detection rates and Gleason scores were calculated for each group and subgroup.
Results
The prostate cancer detection rate was 78.5% in Group 1 and decreased to 17.2% in Group 4. Gleason score ≥ 8 also decreased from 16.4% in Group 1 to 2.5% in Group 4. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Gleason score ≥ 8 in subgroups, with the results of 20,9% in Group 1a and 15% in Group 4a.
Conclusion
Our study results suggest an inverse relationship between prostate volume, and cancer detection rates. Although Gleason score ≤ 6 rates in biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma patients increased, and Gleason score of 7 decreased in larger prostates it was not obvious in patients with Gleason score ≥ 8. Further prospective studies with large volumes of patients are required to confirm our analysis.
Trial registration number and date of registration:
2023/1633 on 07/02/2024 retrospectively registered
RETRACTED: The protective effect of Physalis angulate L. (Solanaceae) and its effect on sperm and Testis of Mice Intoxicated with paracetamol
Authors: Nasir Kawther Mohammed , Musleh Mohammed Hamada , Mosleh Zinah Hashim , Hameed Ashwaq Talib
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
From post-war reconstruction to the 21st century – Ophthalmic pathology in Freiburg 1945- 2015: Review of 39,256 surgical specimens from various topographical regions collected over 71 years at a large German tertiary eye care centre
Authors: Glegola Mateusz , Schulz Tabea , Nüßle Simone , Böhringer Daniel , Stifter Julia , Englbrecht Thomas , Reinhard Thomas , Haedrich Johannes , Auw-Haedrich Claudia
Published: February 2024

Background
Ophthalmic pathology at the Eye Center at Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany, looks back on a tradition of more than 150 years. Surgical specimens and associated histological diagnoses have been archived since 1945. This study is the first of its size to include 39,256 specimens examined in a single ophthalmic pathology laboratory over 71 years.
Methods
We retrospectively studied ophthalmic pathology reports and clinical records of histological specimens archived between 1945 and 2015 and compared our results with 22 studies from the literature. Samples were grouped by localisation and histopathological diagnoses assigned to various categories. Both were coded and entered into a database together with the year of surgery, patient sex and age at excision.
Results
The patients’ age at surgery was documented in 38,845 cases (99%), of which 19,601 were female (50.5%) and 19,244 were male patients (49.5%). The bimodal frequency distribution of specimens by patient age has a similar shape to that recorded 1941–1995 for Atlanta, USA and 1959–2021 for the Swedish population. Most specimens originated from the eyelid (50%), followed by cornea (16%), conjunctiva (14%), eyeball (9.1%), temporal artery (3.9%) and other locations (6.7%) comprising 16 less frequent topographies. The proportion of eyelid (corneal, conjunctival) lesions significantly increased 4-fold (5-fold, 2-fold) during our study period (each p < .001); that of enucleations and temporal artery biopsies decreased significantly 38- and 3.6-fold (each p < .001). Concurrently, the numbers of eyelid, corneal, conjunctival and temporal artery specimens have significantly grown (each p < .001). Annual sample numbers increased significantly across the various medical directors’ tenures (1945–1967: median = 78; 1968–1987: median = 454; 1988–2002: median = 670; 2003–2015: median = 1,445) (p < .001).
Conclusions
Historical events, general population developments and new surgical techniques and treatment options caused changes in the occurrence of various ocular and periocular specimens. Our study data contribute to providing an overall picture of the nature and relative frequency of ocular conditions leading to surgical excision of specimens with subsequent histopathological examination. A continuous sharp increase in case numbers since 1987 clearly exceeds the demographic trend emphasising the ever-growing importance of the sub-speciality of ophthalmic pathology.
Depth Of Invasion and Level IV Metastases in Clinically N0 Tongue Cancer Running Title : Level IV Metastases in Tongue Cancer
Authors: Yüce Imdat , Çapar Aslıhan Oflaz , Çetinaslan Veli , Deniz Kemal , Vural Alperen , Çağlı Sedat , Dogan Serap , Gündoğ Mete
Published: February 2024

Background: This study investigates the relationship between the depth of invasion and level IV nodal metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The depth of the level IV metastasis and the invasion relationship was not evaluated.
Methods: We retrospectively investigated clinically N0 patients who underwent glossectomy and level I-IV neck dissections. We examined lymph node metastases, risk factors, and the relationship between depth of invasion and metastasis.
Results: Our study included 58 patients. Tumor size, depth of invasion, differentiation, and perineural invasion were statistically significant for Level IV metastasis. The critical size for level IV metastasis was found to be 2.5 cm, with a cut-off value of the depth of invasion being 8 mm for both neck and level IV metastases.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, we recommend that level IV dissection should be considered for poorly differentiated tumors, tumors greater than 2.5 cm in size, and deeper than 0.8 mm.
The incidence of dysphagia in acute stroke patients, a study on influential factors and 3-OZ Water Test
Authors: Ghoreishi Abdoreza , Artishedar Sara , Hadiloo Kaveh , MalekMahmoudi Gazal , Alvwandi Farzaneh
Published: February 2024

Background
Dysphasia is known as one of the common issues among patients experiencing an acute stroke. A stroke can bring about disorders in various organs such as the mouth, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus, as well as bearing consequences due to dysfunction of those organs. One of the affected vital functions is swallowing, which will result in aspiration, Choking, Pulmonary infection, and even death. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) and its related factors to identify the disorder and its complications.
Methods
In this Perspective study, 100 stroke patients were included. Swallowing disorder, type of stroke, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on arrival and time of discharge, gag reflex, and the 3 O.Z. Water Test results were studied, and data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.
Results
The incidence of this disorder among these 100 patients is 45%, a significant percentage. Dysphagia in types of strokes was 100% in intracerebral hemorrhage and 39.6% in Ischemic (p-value < 0.001). As the severity of the stroke increases, the rate of dysphagia increases (minor stroke: 0%, moderate stroke: 29%, moderate to severe: 94%, severe:100%, p-value < 0.001). In 85.9% of the patients with normal GAG reflex, Dysphagia was incident, and 100% of those who aspirated in the 3OZ Water Test had Dysphagia.
Conclusion
Due to the high occurrence of swallowing disorders among stroke patients, immediate assessment and effective treatment of Dysphagia after any stroke can improve the quality of medical intervention and rehabilitation in the very first hours. Moreover, the steps above also decrease the rate of mortality owing to aspiration problems, prevent Pulmonary infection, shorten the hospitalization duration, and reduce hospital (treatment) costs.
Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs from Chad, Africa, in a One Health context
Authors: Haynes Ellen , Garrett Kayla B. , Grunert Ryan K. A. , II John A. Bryan , Sidouin Metinou , Oaukou Philip Tchindebet , Ngandolo Richard , Yabsley Michael J. , Cleveland Christopher A.
Published: February 2024

Background
Tick-borne pathogens are understudied among domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa but represent significant threats to the health of domestic animals and humans. Specifically, additional data are needed on tick-borne pathogens in Chad, Africa. Surveillance was conducted among domestic dogs in Chad for selected tick-borne pathogens to measure (1) the prevalence of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia spp.; (2) the prevalence of infections caused by Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Babesia spp.; and (3) associations of pathogens with demographic, spatial, and temporal factors. Blood samples were collected from domestic dogs at three time points (May 2019, November 2019, June 2020) across 23 villages in three regions in southern Chad.
Results
Of the 428 dogs tested with the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx test in May 2019, 86% (n = 370, 95% CI = 83–90%) were positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., 21% (n = 88, 95% CI = 17–25%) were positive for antibodies to Anaplasma spp., and 0.7% (n = 3, 95% CI = 0.1–2%) were positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Four different pathogens were detected via PCR. Hepatozoon spp. were most commonly detected (67.2–93.4%, depending on the time point of sampling), followed by E. canis (7.0-27.8%), A. platys (10.1–22.0%), and Babesia canis vogeli (0.4–1.9%). Dogs were coinfected with up to three pathogens at a single time point, and coinfections were most common in May 2019 compared to November 2019 and May 2020.
Conclusions
Overall, this study provides new data about the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Chad, with potential implications for dog and human health.
Super-Photostable Organic Dye for Long-Term Live-cell Single Protein Imaging
Authors: Ryu Sung Ho , Kim Do-Hyeon , Hong Minh Triet , Lee Sun Hyeok , Jazani Sina , Jang Seongjae , Seo Jongcheol , Ha Taekjip , Chang Young-Tae
Published: February 2024

We introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, ‘Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555)’, which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure where one side of indole from the conventional Cy3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline. PF555 provides a powerful tool for long-term live-cell single-molecule imaging, as we demonstrated the dynamic interactions of the single-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor with clathrin-coated structures on the plasma membrane of a live cell under a physiological condition.
Vedolizumab levels are associated with clinical remission in pouchitis
Authors: Hirsch Ayal , Tulchinsky Hagit , Maharshak Nitsan
Published: February 2024

Background
Pouchitis is the most common complication in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients following ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). Recent studies have demonstrated vedolizumab efficacy in the treatment of refractory pouchitis. Vedolizumab serum level was associated with clinical and endoscopic remission in Crohn’s disease. The aim of this study was to assess the association between vedolizumab serum levels and clinical outcomes in pouchitis.
Methods
We performed a single center retrospective study at a major tertiary referral medical center, in which we extracted data on patients who underwent IPAA and were treated post-operatively with vedolizumab for complicated chronic pouchitis between October 2015 and January 2020. Our primary study outcomes were clinical remission rates at weeks 14 and 52 of vedolizumab treatment.
Results
Nineteen UC patients (13 males, mean age of 53.8 ± 4.7 years) underwent total proctocolectomy with IPAA and treated with vedolizumab for complicated chronic pouchitis. Steroid-free clinical remission rates at week 52 of vedolizumab therapy were 52.6%, compared to 10.5% at baseline (p = 0.013). Endoscopic remission rates during maintenance were 59%, compared to 32% at baseline (p = 0.01). Higher mean serum vedolizumab trough levels at weeks 22 to 52 (maintenance phase) were associated with clinical remission at week 52 (14.6 ± 1.35 vs 4.4 ± 2 [mcg/ml], p = 0.015). Increased serum vedolizumab trough levels were numerically associated with endoscopic remission at maintenance but did not reach statistical significance (6.0 ± 1.8 vs 17.7 ± 1.6 [mcg/ml], p = 0.06).
Conclusion
Vedolizumab is effective in patients with complicated chronic pouchitis, increasing the rates of clinical and endoscopic remission. Higher maintenance vedolizumab serum levels were associated with clinical remission.
Brugada syndrome precipitated by an antimalarial agent: a case report
Authors: Amir Muzakkir , Mukhtar Irmayanti , Tandean Pendrik , Rahmani Muhammad Zaki
Published: February 2024

Background: Cardiovascular events of antimalarial treatment remain unclear, only a few studies has reported its adverse outcome. This case presentation emphasizes cardiological assessment of brugada syndrome, a rare genetic predisposed that manifest as life threatening arrhytmia occurs during routine antimalarial consumption. Without screening and untreated, this disease leads to sudden cardiac death.
Case Presentation: We report a 23-year-old male initially presented with palpitation followed by syncope and shortness of breath with history of malaria infection and has switched treatment from quinidine to Dihidroartemisinin – Piperaquin (DHP). Further investigations reveal ST Elevation electrocardiogram pattern related to brugada syndrome, confirmed with flecainide challenge test. Subsequently, we stop antimalarial drug and consent to perform Implantable Cardioverter defibrilator (ICD). Initially, patients feel clinical improvement after treatment then discharged from hospital.
Conclusions: Another possible cause of arrhythmic events happened following antimalarial consumption. This case highlights the possibility of proarrhytmogenic mechanism of malaria infection and antimalarial drug resulting in typical manifestation of brugada syndrome.
Understanding Flow around Planetary Moons via Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent Maps
Authors: Canales David , Howell Kathleen
Published: February 2024

This contribution focuses on the use of finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) maps to investigate spacecraft motion within the context of the circular restricted three-body problem. The authors expose some of the advantages and shortcomings of FTLE maps and illustrate their use by examining the motion in the vicinity of a moon; in particular, the Jovian moons, Ganymede and Europa. The behavior of trajectories in the vicinity of the moons and the factors that influence their construction are examined. The authors also explore the symmetry relationships of the Lagrangian coherent structures that are defined within the FTLE maps. It is useful to establish relationships between initial conditions within the FTLE maps to understand particular trajectory behaviors in the neighborhoods of moons. The results demonstrate that, by utilizing FTLE maps, a better understanding of spacecraft behavior in the vicinity of celestial bodies emerges, enabling more accurate mission planning and execution.
The MhLHCB15 gene interacts with interacting proteins to regulate iron deficiency tolerance in Malus halliana
Authors: Dong Yongjuan , Zhang Zhongxing , Cheng Jiao , Gao Yanlong , Wang Xiaoya , Zhao Wenbin , Zhang Donghai , Wang Yanxiu
Published: February 2024

Background
Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role as a micronutrient in facilitating plant growth and development. Alterations in the availability of iron can trigger a response resulting in iron deficiency, ultimately affecting both plant growth and crop yield.
Results
A total of 33 MhLHC family members were identified in Malus halliana based on the apple genome database under Fe deficiency. The study comprehensively analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved motif compositions, evolutionary relationships, and chromosomal distributions of these family members. Additionally, 15 genes were selected for qRT-PCR to verify whether they responded to abiotic stress. It was demonstrated that MhLHCB15 significantly responded to Fe deficiency stress. Among them, Further investigation was conducted on the functional properties of MhLHCB15 in Arabidopsis and apple calli. Overexpression of MhLHCB15 enhanced Fe deficiency tolerance of in both Arabidopsis and apple calli, which evoked a variety of biochemical changes: transgenic Arabidopsis displayed higher photosynthetic efficiency (Tr, Gs, and Pn) and fluorescence parameters (qP, F0, Fm, and Fv/Fm) and lower Ci compared to the WT. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic products (SS, St and SP), and enzyme activities (SOD, POD and CAT) of transgenic A. thaliana and apple calli were markedly higher compared to the WT, however, the MDA content and ROS accumulation were less than the WT. Moreover, the FCR activity of transgenic Arabidopsis and apple calli was stronger in comparison to the WT.
Conclusions
In summary, overexpression of the MhLHCB15 gene enhanced Arabidopsis and apple calli tolerance to Fe deficiency stress. In this study, the interaction proteins MhSGR1 and MhTHF1 of MhLHCB15 were screened, which contributes to further analyze the regulation of MhLHCB15 on Fe deficiency tolerance of M. halliana.