bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Pain: A Narrative Review from Pain Assessment to Therapy
Authors: Pota Vincenzo , Sansone Pasquale , De Sarno Sara , Aurilio Caterina , Coppolino Francesco , Barbarisi Manlio , Barbato Francesco , Fiore Marco , Cosenza Gianluigi , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Pace Maria Caterina
Published: March 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease of the motor system that affects upper and lower motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, atrophy, and respiratory failure, with a life expectancy of 2–5 years after symptom onset. In addition to motor symptoms, patients with ALS have a multitude of nonmotor symptoms; in fact, it is currently considered a multisystem disease. The purpose of our narrative review is to evaluate the different types of pain, the correlation between pain and the disease’s stages, the pain assessment tools in ALS patients, and the available therapies focusing above all on the benefits of cannabis use. Pain is an underestimated and undertreated symptom that, in the last few years, has received more attention from research because it has a strong impact on the quality of life of these patients. The prevalence of pain is between 15% and 85% of ALS patients, and the studies on the type and intensity of pain are controversial. The absence of pain assessment tools validated in the ALS population and the dissimilar study designs influence the knowledge of ALS pain and consequently the pharmacological therapy. Several studies suggest that ALS is associated with changes in the endocannabinoid system, and the use of cannabis could slow the disease progression due to its neuroprotective action and act on pain, spasticity, cramps, sialorrhea, and depression. Our research has shown high patients’ satisfaction with the use of cannabis for the treatment of spasticity and related pain. However, especially due to the ethical problems and the lack of interest of pharmaceutical companies, further studies are needed to ensure the most appropriate care for ALS patients.
Studying and Characterization of Coating of Zein–CaSiO3 Composite on Polyetheretherketone Implant Material
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Sama , Ismael Hamad Thekra
Published: March 2024

Material‐coated implants are placed in the bone and play an essential role in bone regeneration and rapid healing around implants. Polymeric matrix reinforced with ceramic materials is a promising composite material for coating implants. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing various concentrations of zein with CaSiO3 on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as implant material. The coating was performed using the electrospray method. PEEK disks were used as a control group. The coated disks with different concentrations of zein–CaSiO3 (Group 1: 10% wt, 90% wt), (Group 2: 20% wt, 80% wt), and (Group 3%: 30% wt, 70% wt) were the experimental group. Each group was characterized by atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle, and adhesion strength. The lowest water contact angle was obtained for Group 1: 10% wt and 90% wt were (26.64° and 27.13°, respectively), and increasing amounts of zein in comparison to quantities of CaSiO3 resulted in increased adhesion strength of the composite material to the substrate. The current study suggested that the higher amount of zein compared to the amount of CaSiO3 mixture coating is achieved by electrospraying, a favorable candidate for coating implants compared to uncoated and coated disks with low concentrations of zein compared to concentrations of CaSiO3.
Challenges and Outcomes of the First Stem Cell Transplant Program in Tanzania, East Africa
Authors: Rwezaula Stella , Yonazi Mbonea , Panchal Amey , Dhoot Ashish , Mathew Jemy , Tony Sonu , Rao Sandeep , Muhoka Peter , Mahfudh Samira , Budodi Neema , Kasubi Mabula , Ndobho Flora , Kakumbula Helena , Luhulla Koga , Kapesa Linda , Tungaraza Heri , Nyagabona Sarah , Shayo Agnes , Seleki Felister , Mtenga Janeth , Mwamtemi Khadija , Suko Musa , Mbughi Isaac , Shirima Mariana , Mkisi Alfayo , Ally Rahma , Kyaruzi Malselina , Arola Myaka Else , Matiku Johari , Nyamwaira Mariam , Nair Saranya , Asokan Aswathy , kumar Goutham , Badavath Raj , Swai Hedwiga , Museru Lawrence , Ajaikumar B. S. , Beda Deogratius , Jadhav Sachin
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Due to the significant resources involved in creating HSCT programs there is a significant disparity in the availability of this treatment modality between the developed and developing countries. This manuscript details the process and the outcomes of the first HSCT program in East Africa which was started at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania. Materials and Methods. Information and data were collected on the processes which had been implemented for starting the HSCT program at MNH. The details of the collaborations, training, infrastructure development, and acquisition of the biomedical equipment, as well as the actual process for HSCT, as well as the outcomes of treatment are described. Observations. The project has been detailed in 4 stages for ease of description: Stage 1: Preparatory work which was performed by the Government of Tanzania, as well as the administrators and clinicians from MNH (July 2017‐September 2021). Stage 2: Exploratory gap analysis by the teams from MNH and International Haematology Consortium of HCG Hospital, India (HCG‐IHC) in October 2021. Stage 3: Activities for closure of gaps (November 2021). Stage 4: Stem Cell Transplantation Camps (November 2021 to March 2022). 11 peripheral blood stem cell transplants were done in two camps, November 2021 (5 patients), and February 2022 (6 patients). 10 patients underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma and 1 for lymphoma. The median duration of hospital stay was 19 ± 6 days. The median time for neutrophil engraftment, it was on 8.8 ± 0.8 days, and for platelet engraftment was 9.6 ± 2.4 days. Progression‐free survival was 100%, and there was no mortality. Conclusion. Commonalities in the socioeconomic challenges in developing countries can be leveraged to create robust HSCT programs in other developing countries.
Coenzyme Q10: A Key Antioxidant in the Management of Diabetes-Induced Cardiovascular Complications—An Overview of Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Samimi Fatemeh , Namiranian Nasim , Sharifi-Rigi Ali , Siri Morvarid , Abazari Omid , Dastghaib Sanaz
Published: March 2024

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a significant global health challenge with considerable cardiovascular implications. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained recognition for its potential as a natural antioxidant supplement in the management of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications. Aim. This comprehensive review systematically examines the scientific rationale underlying the therapeutic properties of CoQ10 in mitigating the impact of diabetes and its cardiovascular consequences. The analysis encompasses preclinical trials (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of action of CoQ10. Result & Discussion. Findings reveal that CoQ10, through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes, demonstrates significant potential in reducing oxidative stress, ameliorating lipid profiles, and regulating blood pressure, which are crucial aspects in managing diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. CoQ10, chemically represented as C59H90O4, was administered in capsule form for human studies at doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg per day and at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM in sterile powder for experimental investigations and 10 mg/kg in powder for mouse studies, according to the published research. Clinical trials corroborate these preclinical findings, demonstrating improved glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure in patients supplemented with CoQ10. Conclusion. In conclusion, CoQ10 emerges as a promising natural therapeutic intervention for the comprehensive management of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications. Its multifaceted impacts on the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway, oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation highlight its potential as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes and related cardiovascular disorders. However, further extensive clinical investigations are necessary to fully establish its therapeutic potential and assess potential synergistic effects with other compounds.
Assessment of Antioxidant Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Oral Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohideen Khadijah , Chandrasekaran Krithika , M Kareema , T Jeyanthikumari , Dhungel Safal , Ghosh Snehashish
Published: March 2024

Objective. The present article aims to comprehensively review the existing literature on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, an antioxidant enzyme, in oral cancer. Method. An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Cross Reference, spanning 1998–2023. At the outset, 1,177 articles were initially identified, and 907 studies were excluded due to irrelevance or duplication of the research question. Subsequently, 270 articles underwent screening evaluation, resulting in the selection of 85 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Following this, 68 articles underwent a full-text comprehensive assessment, and ultimately, 39 were chosen for data extraction. The risk of bias in the designated articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Finally, 13 studies were meticulously selected, offering consistent data for the ensuing meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was executed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) version 3 software (Bio Stat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). The meta-analysis findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in SOD levels in both erythrocyte samples (P<0.001) and tissue samples (P<0.05) among individuals with oral cancer (OSCC) compared to the normal control group. Conversely, the analysis of three studies on salivary samples demonstrated a significant increase (P<0.05) in SOD levels in the oral cancer group compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion. This systematic review underscores a statistically significant decline in SOD levels observed across diverse bio-samples in individuals with oral cancer, indicating an excess of oxidative stress (OS). Additional research is needed to delve into the relationship between SOD levels and clinic–pathological prognostic markers within the oral cancer cohort. Such investigations have the potential to significantly contribute to the development of prognostic tools grounded in OS, thereby guiding strategies for treatment planning.
Predicting Flight Delays with Machine Learning: A Case Study from Saudi Arabian Airlines
Authors: Alfarhood Meshal , Alotaibi Rakan , Abdulrahim Bassam , Einieh Ahmad , Almousa Mohammed , Alkhanifer Abdulrhman
Published: March 2024

Flight delays are a major concern for both travelers and airlines, with significant financial and reputational consequences. Accurately predicting flight delays is crucial for enhancing customer satisfaction and airline revenues. In this paper, we leverage the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to build a framework for accurately predicting flight delays. To achieve this, we collected flight information from September 2017 to April 2023, along with weather data, and performed extensive feature engineering to extract informative features to train our model. We conduct a comparative analysis of various popular machine learning architectures with distinctive characteristics, aiming to determine their efficacy in achieving optimal accuracy on our newly proposed dataset. Based on our evaluation of various architectures, our findings demonstrate that CatBoost outperformed the others by achieving the highest test accuracy and the lowest error rate in the challenging use case of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, to simulate real-world scenarios, our framework evaluates the best-performing model that has been selected for deployment in a web application, which provides users with the ability to accurately forecast flight delays and offers a user-friendly dashboard with valuable insights and analysis capabilities.
Factors Influencing the Outcome of Patients with Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Sacrum
Authors: Rechl Victor , Ranft Andreas , Bhadri Vivek , Brichard Benedicte , Collaud Stephane , Cyprova Sona , Eich Hans , Ek Torben , Gelderblom Hans , Hardes Jendrik , Haveman Lianne M. , Hartmann Wolfgang , Hauser Peter , Heesen Philip , Jürgens Heribert , Kanerva Jukka , Kühne Thomas , Raciborska Anna , Rascon Jelena , Streitbürger Arne , Uhlenbruch Yasmin , Timmermann Beate , Kersting Josephine , Pham Minh Thanh , Dirksen Uta
Published: March 2024

Background. Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare and highly malignant bone tumor primarily affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. The pelvis, trunk, and lower extremities are the most common sites, while EwS of the sacrum as a primary site is very rare, and only few studies focusing on this location are published. Due to the anatomical condition, local treatment is challenging in sacral malignancies. We analyzed factors that might influence the outcome of patients suffering from sacral EwS. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed data of the GPOH EURO-E.W.I.N.G 99 trial and the EWING 2008 trial, with a cohort of 124 patients with localized or metastatic sacral EwS. The study endpoints were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). OS and EFS were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate comparisons were estimated using the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) with respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in a multivariable Cox regression model. Results. The presence of metastases (3y-EFS: 0.33 vs. 0.68; P<0.001; HR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 6.6; 3y-OS: 0.48 vs. 0.85; P<0.001; HR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.8 to 9.7), large tumor volume (≥200 ml) (3y-EFS: 0.36 vs. 0.69; P=0.02; HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0; 3y-OS: 0.42 vs. 0.73; P=0.04; HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.5), and age ≥18 years (3y-EFS: 0.41 vs. 0.60; P=0.02; HR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2; 3y-OS: 0.294 vs. 0.59; P=0.01; HR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.29 to 6.6) were revealed as adverse prognostic factors. Conclusion. Young age seems to positively influence patients` survival, especially in patients with primary metastatic disease. In this context, our results support other studies, stating that older age has a negative impact on survival. Tumor volume, metastases, and the type of local therapy modality have an impact on the outcome of sacral EwS. Level of evidence: Level 2. This trial is registered with NCT00020566 and NCT00987636.
Jian‐Pi‐Gu‐Shen‐Hua‐Yu Decoction Alleviated Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice through Reducing Ferroptosis
Authors: Lv Shuquan , Fan Lirong , Chen Xiaoting , Su Xiuhai , Dong Li , Wang Qinghai , Wang Yuansong , Zhang Hui , Cui Huantian , Zhang Shufang , Wang Lixin
Published: March 2024

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of end‐stage renal disease. However, the current treatment methods still cannot effectively halt the progression of DN. Jian‐Pi‐Gu‐Shen‐Hua‐Yu (JPGS) decoction can be used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases such as DN, but the specific mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated yet. Purpose. The aim of this study is to clarify whether JPGS alleviates the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting ferroptosis. Materials and Methods. We established a DN mouse model to investigate the therapeutic effect of JPGS in a DN mouse model. Subsequently, we examined the effects of JPGS on ferroptosis‐ and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway‐related indices. Finally, we validated whether JPGS inhibited ferroptosis in DN mice via the GPX4 pathway using GPX4 inhibitor and ferroptosis inhibitors. Results. The results indicate that JPGS has a therapeutic effect on DN mice by improving kidney function and reducing inflammation. Additionally, JPGS treatment decreased iron overload and oxidative stress levels while upregulating the expression of GPX4 pathway‐related proteins. Moreover, JPGS demonstrated a similar therapeutic effect as Fer‐1 in the context of DN treatment, and RSL3 was able to counteract the therapeutic effect of JPGS and antiferroptotic effect. Conclusion. JPGS has significant therapeutic and anti‐inflammatory effects on DN mice, and its mechanism is mainly achieved by upregulating the expression of GPX4 pathway‐related proteins, thereby alleviating iron overload and ultimately reducing ferroptosis.
Characteristics of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Relationship to Cancer
Authors: Ma Ru-xue , Wei Jian-rui , Hu Yan-wei
Published: March 2024

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM), such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the oncofetal glycoprotein family, are tumor markers. The CEACAMs consist of 12 different human CEACAMs and 5 different murine CEACAMs. The CEACAM family of proteins participates in multiple biological processes that include the immune response, angiogenesis, and cancer. CEACAMs play a significant role in cancer initiation and development. Increasing evidence suggests that family members may be new cancer biomarkers and targets in that CEACEAMs tend to be aberrantly expressed and therefore may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic importance. This review systematically summarizes the biogenesis, biological properties, and functions of CEACAMs, with a focus on their relationship with cancer and potential clinical application. As our knowledge of the relationships among CEACAMs and cancer increases, and as our understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms improves, new therapeutic strategies will evolve for cancer prevention and treatment of patients with cancer.
A Tale of Two Laureates
Authors: Helgesson Stefan
Published: March 2024

Focusing on the reception of the two Nobel laureates Nadine Gordimer and J.M. Coetzee, this article investigates the literature prize as a national, and indeed Stockholm-based, phenomenon in Sweden. It makes two general claims. The first is that the press exercises a co-consecrating authority that both rivals and depends on the authority of the Swedish Academy. This becomes evident not least in occasional attempts by critics to deconsecrate a laureate. The second claim is that the dramaturgy of the literature prize, beginning with the announcement in October and ending with the award ceremony in December, culminates shortly before the ceremony with the Nobel lecture, when the laureate is heard in their own voice. In an analysis of Gordimer’s and Coetzee’s lectures, the article concludes that they present sharply different attempts at performatively resolving the tension between literary autonomy and heteronomy.
The Visual Economy of Cultural Consecration
Authors: Yacavone Kathrin
Published: March 2024

This article explores the impact of the Nobel Prize on the visual economy of literary culture by analysing how photographic author portraits are used by the Nobel Foundation and the Swedish Academy to construct a visual pantheon of literary laureates. The photographic Nobel pantheon is here conceptualised as a transnational visual construction that has a unique symbolic function in demarcating, homogenising, and essentialising the global literary field. It is argued that the images, together with their use by the consecrating institutions, ‘mythologise’ the author persona as a timeless, supra-national essence rather than presenting the more accurate picture of an historically, nationally, and culturally specific and contingent conception of literature. In analysing the semiotic structures and functions, as well as aesthetic patterns of photographic author portraits in relation to implicit notions of authorship, the article thereby shines a critical light on institutional ideology and its relation to visual culture.
The Look of the Book
Authors: Nienhaus Sarah A.
Published: March 2024

This paper shows how book design responds to the Nobel’s prestige. Using previously unpublished materials from German publishing archives, I explore how the Nobel Prize is accompanied by the requirement to design iconic books. This unique material documents how different players in the publishing industry exchange ideas about ‘Nobel Prize-appropriate’ book design. This applies, for example, to the illustrations for an essay by Octavio Paz, designed covers for Nadine Gordimer, and the pictorial representation of Günter Grass’s and Tomas Tranströmer’s ‘life and work’.
The ‘Most Ideal’ Peter Handke?
Authors: Bareis J. Alexander
Published: March 2024

The Nobel Prize in Literature to the Austrian writer Peter Handke in 2019 gave new attention to one of the basic, and historically highly disputed (cf. Espmark 2001, 2021), questions in relation to the practice of the world’s most important literary prize – on what grounds, aesthetic or otherwise, does the Swedish Academy award the prize? In the aftermath of the 2019 prize to Handke, there was an intense public debate about the aesthetic criteria in relation to ethical criteria, in particular in Swedish national newspapers. Several members of the Academy as well as members of the Nobel Prize committee, wrote articles and gave statements about their individual reasoning for awarding the prize to Handke. Using this debate about the prize awarded to Handke as a case study, I aim to discuss the methodological and theoretical implications connected to the question of which criteria guide the selection of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Japan’s Quest for the Nobel Prize in Literature and Its Aftereffects
Authors: Inoue Takashi
Published: March 2024

This paper examines Japan’s quest for the Nobel Prize in Literature as a narrative “before” winning, and its aftereffect as a narrative “after” winning. It first draws from archival material to discuss the roles of diplomacy, the context of Cold War politics and translation techniques in Kawabata Yasunari’s win. Next, it explores how Oe Kenzaburo responded to the negative acceptance of his win in Japan, referring to the court decision on record and Oe’s manuscripts. Overall, this paper shows that the stereotypically held belief that laureates are commended solely for their literary superiority, and are therefore revered in their home countries, does not fully describe the complicated reality.
Prophylactic Enoxaparin Dosing Using Anti-Factor Xa Levels in Hepatic Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Coster Samuel , Shammout Ali , Chaney Michael , Folkert Kyra , Grosh Kent , Shebrain Saad , Munene Gitonga
Published: March 2024

This study examines the safety and efficacy of using peak anti-Xa levels to achieve prophylactic enoxaparin (Lovenox, Sanofi-Aventis) levels in patients who underwent hepatic surgery. Prospectively enrolled patients undergoing major and minor hepatic procedures received postoperative enoxaparin dosing. The enoxaparin dose was adjusted to attain a peak anti-Xa level ≥ 0.20 U/ml. This group was compared to a historical cohort of patients who underwent similar procedures and received standard postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis dosing. Inpatient postoperative VTE rates were higher in the control group when compared to the experimental group (0 patients [0.00%] vs 4 patients [8.16%]; P = .035). There was no statistically significant difference in number of postoperative blood transfusions, discharge hemoglobin, or in-hospital bleeding events. Adjusting enoxaparin dosing to achieve prophylactic peak anti-Xa levels of ≥0.20 IU/ml was associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic inpatient postoperative VTE in patients who underwent hepatic surgery without increasing postoperative bleeding events.
The Effect of Laser-Resistant Endotracheal Tube Design on Airflow Dynamics: A Benchtop and Clinical Study
Authors: Pagel Jessica M. L. , Reddy Adithya , Fitzgerald Lucy , Tiouririne Mohamed , McGarey Patrick O. , Quinn Daniel B. , Daniero James J.
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Compare ventilation pressures of 2 endotracheal tube designs used in laser airway surgery in clinical practice and with a benchtop model to elucidate differences and understand the design elements that impact airflow dynamics.

Methods:

Ventilatory and aerodynamic characteristics of the laser resistant stainless-steel endotracheal tube (LRSS-ET) design and the laser resistant aluminum-wrapped silicone endotracheal tube (LRAS-ET) design were compared. Ventilatory parameters were collected for 32 patients undergoing laser-assisted airway surgery through retrospective chart review. An in vitro benchtop simulation measured average resistance and centerline turbulence intensity of both designs at various diameters and physiological frequencies.

Results:

Baseline patient characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. Clinically, the median LRAS-ET peak inspiratory pressure (PIP; 21.00 cm H2O) was significantly decreased compared to LRSS-ET PIP (34.67 cm H2O). In benchtop simulation, the average PIP of the LRAS-ET was significantly lower at all sizes and frequencies. The LRSS-ET consistently demonstrated an increased resistance, although no patterns were observed in turbulence intensity data between both designs.

Conclusion:

The benchtop model demonstrated increased resistance in the LRSS-ET compared to the LRAS-ET at all comparable sizes. This finding is supported by retrospective ventilatory pressures during laser airway surgery, which show significantly increased PIPs when comparing identically sized inner diameters. Given the equivocal turbulence intensity data, these differences in resistance and pressures are likely caused by wall roughness and intraluminal presence of tubing, not inlet or outlet geometries. The decreased PIPs of the LRAS-ET should assist in following lung protective ventilator management strategies and reduce risk of pulmonary injury and hemodynamic instability to the patient.
Women’s lives and temporalities of fertility treatment
Authors: Payne Nicola , Lewis Suzan , Nilsen Ann
Published: March 2024

This article explores women’s temporal experiences of using Assisted Reproductive Technology. The demand for such treatment has increased since the first in vitro fertilisation birth. Assisted Reproductive Technology involves invasive procedures in women’s bodies, uncertain outcomes and temporal challenges. A sample of 11 professional women was drawn from a larger sample recruited for interviews from online infertility forums. Analysis was carried out using a biographical life course approach to draw out the temporal elements of experiences. Four themes were identified: biographical timing and temporalities of fertility treatment; biographical timing and a/synchronicity with friends; temporalities of everyday life when using Assisted Reproductive Technology; and ‘public issue’ or ‘private trouble’ in relation to silences around Assisted Reproductive Technology. Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology treatment sets these women apart from friends who conceive without treatment, and they faced challenges for the rhythms of everyday life during this period. Using Assisted Reproductive Technology highlighted public taboos about women’s bodies. Thus for many, this critical phase had to be kept secret. Understanding women’s temporal experiences of using Assisted Reproductive Technology and the challenges involved are important for developing context sensitive theories and concepts that can contribute to deeper insight into the intersecting temporalities of reproductive processes in general and using Assisted Reproductive Technology in particular.
Trauma and mental health in Pacific Islanders
Authors: Subica Andrew M , Soakai Lolofi , Tukumoeatu Amen , Johnson Taffy , Aitaoto Nia
Published: March 2024

Background:

Little is known about trauma and its mental health impact on Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI), an understudied Indigenous-colonized population that endures severe mental health disparities.

Aims:

This novel investigation assessed trauma prevalence and its mental health and substance use correlates in NH/PIs in the U.S.

Method:

Using community-based participatory research methods, survey data on NH/PI trauma, depression, anxiety, substance use, and treatment need were collected from 306 NH/PI adults using online, telephone, and in-person methods. Descriptive statistics and adjusted regression models were employed.

Results:

Sixty-nine percent of participants experienced lifetime trauma, reporting mean exposure to 2.5 different trauma types. Childhood physical and sexual abuse, and lifetime forced sexual assault rates were 34%, 25%, and 27%, respectively, exceeding general population rates. Women and men reported equivalent total mean exposure to different trauma types, as well as equal prevalence for every trauma type examined (e.g. sexual abuse/assault). Confirming hypotheses, after controlling for key demographic and mental health risk factors, increased exposure to multiple trauma types uniquely associated with greater depression, anxiety, alcohol symptomology, and greater likelihood for needing treatment and using illicit substances.

Conclusions:

Trauma is prevalent in NH/PI populations and significantly impacts NH/PI mental health; serving as an important but overlooked contributor to NH/PI mental health disparities. Current findings fill critical gaps in our knowledge of NH/PI trauma and mental health while revealing the importance of screening and treating NH/PIs for trauma exposure to alleviate existing mental health disparities.
An Overview of the Obstacles to Gender Equality Processes in Rural and Urban Ghana: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Wadei Bernice , Fredua Antoh Ernestina , Addison Monica , Yeboah Thomas
Published: March 2024

The differential impact of development efforts on women and men has critically brought out the need to take a gender-transformative approach to development processes. Despite the tremendous efforts made, there persist some seemingly impossible obstacles to gender equality. The main objective of this study was to analyze the main obstacles to gender equality in Ghana in rural and urban contexts to inform policy decisions. The study employed a mixed-method approach involving the administration of 400 questionnaires to targeted households together with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted in the Ejisu Juabeng Municipality and Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. A key finding of the study is that while the impact of religion on gender equality was similarly felt in rural and urban areas, the impact of culture, illiteracy, family ties, and residential orientation were more pronounced in rural areas. Gender equality efforts and interventions must therefore not only be gender-transformative, but location-sensitive.
Investigating the Co-Management of Natural Resources: Lessons Learned from the iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Leonard Llewellyn , Duma Siboniso
Published: March 2024

Co-managed protected areas globally provide economic and environmental benefits through an equal partnership with communities. However, the African context of natural resource co-management differs, necessitating further research. This paper examines if the co-management of iSimangaliso World Heritage Site’s natural resources in South Africa leads to sustainable use. Qualitative research was conducted via semi-structured interviews and random surveys were conducted with Khula Village residents. The results suggest partial success with challenges such as poaching, non-compliance, communication gaps and gender differentiation over land ownership. Some recommendations include transparency from the co-management committee with residents, education and empowerment programmes on co-management, and involvement of all residents, including non-landowners in co-management decisions for resource protection.
The CRAFT Program: Mindfulness and Yoga for Enhancing the Well-Being and Academic Experience of Higher Education Student Musicians
Authors: Bartos L. Javier , Posadas M. Pilar , Wrapson Wendy , Krägeloh Chris
Published: March 2024

The Consciousness, Relaxation, Attention, Fulfillment, and Transcendence (CRAFT) program, based on yoga, mindfulness, positive psychology, and emotional intelligence, was conceived as a neuroeducational method for self-actualization, happiness, and well-being. Previous quantitative research suggests the CRAFT program is a feasible intervention to improve student musicians’ health and well-being. The current study was devised to capture a wider understanding of student musicians’ experiences and perceived benefits from following the CRAFT program and how this exposure may affect their well-being and academic life. Participants were higher education student musicians ( n = 37) who had received CRAFT instruction at a conservatory of music as part of their curriculum, once a week for 1 hr, during the academic years 2017 to 2019. They completed an evaluation survey, comprising 36 5-point Likert-type items and one open-ended question. Descriptive statistics from participants’ Likert-type item evaluations supported the potential of the program to bestow numerous hypothesized benefits related to its five elements and viability. A content analysis conducted on participants’ responses to the open-ended question confirmed, clarified, and expanded these findings revealing additional benefits and insights across humanistic, educational, well-being, and music dimensions. This study rendered further supporting evidence for the CRAFT program as a viable intervention for promoting student musicians’ well-being and academic careers with relevant implications to other educational contexts, settings, and populations. Large mixed-methods investigations are needed to comprehensively understand and ascertain the efficacy and effectiveness of the CRAFT program to enhance the well-being and academic experience of student musicians.
Factors Predisposing Emergency Medical Technicians to Workplace Violence: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Khoza Tshikani Lewis , Sibiya Maureen Nokuthula , Mshunqane Nombeko
Published: March 2024

Emergency medical technicians (EMT) are at high risk of workplace violence as they often care for patients in uncontrolled and often hostile emergency settings. Gauteng Province, the most populous province in South Africa, caters for 75% of the total population which is dependant on state funded health care. Public sector EMTs’ have been robbed with aggravated circumstances, assaulted with intent to do grievous bodily harm, raped and even murdered whilst on duty. Despite this, comprehensive studies investigating the factors that predispose public sector EMTs’ to workplace violence in Gauteng Province are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors that predispose public service EMTs’ to workplace violence in Gauteng Province. Data were collected using questionnaires. A total of 413 questionnaires were returned by community members of Gauteng who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics and binomial tests were used to analyze data. The results of this study revealed that workplace violence toward public service EMTs’ in Gauteng is attributed to the high rates of crime, the widening gap of inequality, economic deprivation of basic rights to previously disadvantaged communities by government, vulnerability of EMTs’ when responding to the ill and injured within low- and middle-income communities and a lack of consequence for disorderly behavior within the communities. An understanding of the community factors that predispose EMTs’ to workplace violence may improve the understanding of the phenomenon of workplace violence and developing prevention programs within the communities.
Toward understanding developmental complexities of religiously minoritized youth
Authors: Abo-Zena Mona M.
Published: March 2024

Fluid socio-cultural ecologies that reflect historical events and their actors have led to particular religious groups being promoted or persecuted. This article explores how religiously minoritized youth are identified considering local and global contexts. I apply a phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST) to understanding regularities and variations in development through a person-centered, relational, holistic lens that considers the intersection of multiple identities. Relatedly, I outline broad conceptual tools that center on how orientations to in-group vs out-group religious and intersecting identities and related experiences align with a range of research methods to reflect such complexity. I suggest ways to study religious and spiritual influences of religiously minoritized youth that are specific to the faith tradition and particular youth’s circumstances in a holistic manner when these issues are a focal area of study, and when they emerge as relevant to other inquiries. Finally, I consider how understanding religiously minoritized youth, their peers, and mentors can be applied to educational, health care, and community settings to inform equitable practice and policy.
Vitality and Coping With Rules: A Qualitative Research Study Among Primary School Teachers
Authors: van den Elsen Josine
Published: March 2024

This interview-based study investigates how primary school teachers cope with rules to maintain their vitality. It is important to understand how teachers can keep their vitality high as they play an important role in the development of future generations. This study categorized teachers into four groups based on their experience of rules (few or many) and their vitality (high or low): (a) resilient, (b) affected, (c) untroubled, and (d) decoupled. Then the coping strategies these groups used to cope with rules to maintain vitality were studied. It seems that the resilient group of teachers is able to maintain vitality by using different coping styles. Consequently, if teachers became more aware of the coping strategies they could adopt, for example, through coping training, this could help them to maintain their vitality.
The Antibusiness Basis of Leftist “Breakthrough” Presidencies in Neoliberal Latin America
Authors: Gates Leslie C. , Gericke Alena , Branduse Diana , Emery Jennifer K.
Published: March 2024

Why did so many of Latin America’s leftist presidential hopefuls win at the turn of the twenty-first century? Why were they successful at breaking with their neoliberal political establishments when other leaders were not? For five of these leftists, antibusiness sentiment—not just frustration with political failures—boosted support. It catalyzed a backlash against the economic conditions and U.S. architects of neoliberalism to tip the electorate in favor of leftist candidates. It did so even as antibusiness sentiment did little for the parties of seven leftist presidential contenders who lost in that same period. These results align with Gramsci’s assessment that left electoral success hinges on breaking through the “common sense” narratives that otherwise occlude the capitalist interests undergirding establishments and thereby preserve class hegemony.
Flexible highly conductive melamine foam/copper sulfide has both electrical heating and pressure sensing properties
Authors: Zhao Jiarui , Pan Wei , Jiao Mingli , Su Chaohua , Zhang Jintao , Qi Yu
Published: March 2024

The increasing advancements in science and technology have led to a growing demand for wearable products. In this paper, copper sulfide/melamine foam composites were prepared by chemical deposition of copper sulfide on the melamine foam skeleton. The effects of different deposition amount of copper sulfide on its microstructure, and electrical conductivity were studied. The results showed that the composite had good electrical conductivity and flexibility when the reaction solution concentration was 1 wt.%. The material can be used as an electric heater, the surface of the material can be heated to 145°C under the low voltage of 4 V, and the material can also be used as a flexible pressure sensor with a high sensitivity of 0.385 kPa−1 and a stability of more than 2000 cycles. Materials based on flexible copper sulfide/melamine foams can be used for electric heaters and flexible pressure sensor, which will make them promising applications in wearable products.
Finite-time model-free robust synchronous control of multi-lift overhead cranes based on iterative learning
Authors: Jin Xinming , Xu Weimin
Published: March 2024

A model-free control method based on iterative learning law combined with adaptive super-twisting is proposed to realize the synchronous coordination control of multi-lift overhead crane system for the problems of inaccurate modeling, system parameter variation, and disturbance uncertainty that exist in multi-lift overhead crane system. First, a load-coupling model of the double-container overhead crane considering the deformation tangential force in the interlocking mode is established. Second, a time-varying sliding mode surface (TSMC) designed using nonlinear functions effectively improves the convergence speed of the system state. The method of iterative learning control is introduced to compensate the system dynamics to achieve model-free control, and the dynamic iterative learning control (DILC) is designed to improve the convergence speed of the error of the system and the steady-state performance. To suppress uncertainty disturbances and avoid control gain overestimation, an adaptive gain is added to the generalized super-twisting algorithm, which has the advantages of both finite-time convergence and chattering suppression, and improves the robustness and tracking performance of the multi-lift overhead crane system. The stability of the controlled system is analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization control scheme.
Model-free predictive current control based on improved sliding mode disturbance observer
Authors: Wei Qingkun , Tan Cao , Hao Mingji , Chen Xuewei , Li Yingrui , Ge Wenqing
Published: March 2024

The motor parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) can be mismatched in operation due to temperature variations and magnetic saturation. The parameter mismatch leads to a significant decrease in the robustness of traditional deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC), which leads to issues such as current static error and motor vibration noise. In this paper, a model-free predictive current control (MFPCC) method based on an improved sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO) was proposed. The method estimated the total disturbance of the system using the improved SMDO, which could effectively suppress sliding mode chattering and accelerate the convergence speed of current errors. Subsequently, the predicted control voltage was calculated using a hyper-local model and compensated for the time delay. The experimental results demonstrated that the improved MFPCC-SMDO method generated lower motor noise compared to the traditional DPCC method when the controller’s inductance parameters are mismatched.
Observer-based fault-tolerant fixed-time attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft without angular velocity measurement
Authors: Zheng Yin , Zhang He , Wang Yan
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode fixed-time tracking control method for rigid spacecraft without angular velocity measurement. First, a novel fixed-time extended state observer is proposed to obtain accurate estimates of both unmeasurable angular velocities and integrated disturbance. Then, based on this sufficient qualification, an adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is designed to make the state of the following spacecraft track a target spacecraft even when the tracking system has an actuator fault. Adaptive technology is introduced to compensate for the effect of observation error on the controller. Using the Lyapunov function and fixed-time property, it is proved that the control scheme can ensure that the attitude tracking error converges to the neighborhood of the origin in a fixed time and is independent of the initial conditions. Finally, numerical simulation examples are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed fixed-time method.
A Summer of Protest: Using Event System Theory To Test an Intersectional Leadership Advantage
Authors: Stajkovic Alexander D. , Stajkovic Kayla
Published: March 2024

Widespread social unrest occurred in the United States in the Summer of 2020. Citizens took to the streets to challenge the prevailing social justice framework. According to event systemstheory, these Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests were high-strength, as they represented novel, critical, and disruptive events. They were also mega-threats as they focused on threats to the social identities of the marginalized communities. Because different approaches were taken in navigating the BLM protests by authorities, it was unclear what constitutes effective leadership during these events. We integrate insights from event-oriented literature with intersectionality of gender and race research to introduce an intersectional leadership advantage (ILA). This framework suggests that Black women, owing in part to the rich tapestry of their social experiences, tend to develop a distinct leadership style characterized by sensitivity to racial injustice, leaning into risk, and commitment to the community. These qualities enable Black women leaders to be effective during events like BLM protests. Utilizing data from six public sources covering 11,540 protests across 3,338 U.S. cities from May to August 2020, we hypothesized an interaction of city police chiefs’ gender and race in relation to protest-related violence (measured in three ways). Results revealed that protests in cities with Black women police chiefs were associated with the lowest levels of violence compared to other groups. This study provides insights into qualities associated with leadership effectiveness in high-strength mega-threat events, and it connects diversity in leadership roles to favorable outcomes.
Foucault’s naturalism: The importance of scientific epistemology for the genealogical method
Authors: D’Cruz Leonard
Published: March 2024

This article offers a novel reconstruction of Foucault’s methodology that emphasises his respect for the natural sciences. Foucault’s work has long been suspected of reducing knowledge to power, and thus collapsing into unconstrained relativism and methodological incoherence. These concerns are predicated on a misunderstanding of Foucault’s overall approach, which takes the form of a historico-critical project rather than a normative epistemology. However, Foucault does sometimes make normative epistemological judgements, especially about the human sciences. Furthermore, there are outstanding questions about what secures the descriptive rigour of the genealogical method. To address these issues, I develop two claims that will significantly enrich our understanding of Foucault’s methodology. The first is that Foucault’s respect for the natural sciences is crucial in making sense of his normative epistemological judgements. The second is that the descriptive rigour of his genealogical method derives from the fact it is modelled on empirical inquiry.