bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La silla vacía. La pérdida de escaños de los congresistas en Colombia por corrupción y vínculos criminales
Authors: Duque Daza Javier
Published: July 2024

Objective/context: This article has three objectives: to differentiate the theoretical arguments on the empty chair policy in Latin America, to analyze the process of institutional change that culminated with its implementation in Colombia, and to describe how it has been carried out between 2010 and 2024. Methodology: The methodological approach has three components: a theoretical part, a documentary component, and an empirically based analysis. The first describes the contrast between two approaches to the autonomy, control, and accountability of political parties and parliamentarians. The second reviews how these approaches are reflected in the rules on seat ownership (of parties or congresspersons/deputies), accountability, and sanctions for parties and congresspersons when they violate the law. The third consists of identifying cases of loss of seats, their analysis, and the determination of their effects. The principal sources of the study are constitutional reforms, Supreme Court rulings, and decisions of the Attorney General’s Office on convictions of congressmen. The information is complemented with journalistic reports and electoral data. Conclusions: The empty chair policy is established in two Latin American countries (Colombia and Peru). It is an effective legal norm to sanction political parties and legislators convicted for their links with criminal groups, corruption, electoral fraud, and other crimes. It has been applied in eighteen cases due to links to paramilitarism, drug trafficking, and corruption. The affected parties have decreased their electoral performance and their seats in Congress. Originality: This is the first empirical study on the subject in Colombia.
Entre desinterés y desigualdad: percepciones de brokers y actores involucrados sobre la ejecución de políticas forestales a nivel subnacional
Authors: Salas Mariana , Olivera Skarlet
Published: July 2024

Objective/context: In 2020, Ucayali was the Peruvian region with the highest loss of Amazonian forest (47,267 hectares). Measures have been taken regarding climate commitments and environmental governance, but the results continue without notoriety, and mitigation actions are limited. From a subnational approach, the article seeks to analyze the perceptions of brokers and actors involved about the implementation of forest policies in the Ucayali region. Methodology: Based on a qualitative strategy that included semi-structured interviews and a co- construction workshop to evidence the perceptions of the actors involved, with direct knowledge of the territory and implementation, and intermediary agents (brokers), the latter with the capacity to influence the decisions made regarding the formulation of action plans. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the existence of a structural difficulty in achieving short- or long-term change actions. There are institutional limitations but also a lack of support from civil society. Originality: Considering the type and limited number of studies on perceptions of climate change-oriented policies, the results obtained allow for generating relevant evidence for policy formulation processes and articulation between different levels of government.
A novel parameterized neutrosophic score function and its application in genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Fangwei , Han Bing , Ye Jun , Li Jingyuan
Published: July 2024

Efficiency, safety and cost are three major evaluation indexes of warehouse operation. However, the uncertainty of efficiency, safety and cost factors will lead to economic losses and waste of resources. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel parameterized neutrosophic objective–proportionate genetic algorithm model (PNO–PGA) to optimize the above three objectives. There are three main contributions of this study. Firstly, a novel score function of neutrosophic sets (NSs) is proposed to effectively integrate the fuzziness of efficiency, safety and cost to avoid the evaluation result being too idealized. Secondly, a novel proportionate genetic algorithm is applied to adaptively realize the iteration and inheritance processes. Finally, two parameters are proposed to make the algorithm model flexibly adapt to different types of environments and problems. Then, an example is used to compare the new method with genetic algorithm (GA). The result shows that PNO-PGA has better problem-solving ability in warehouse operation than GA.
Complex event recognition meets hierarchical conjunctive queries
Authors:   , Pinto Araya Dante
Published: July 2024

Las consultas conjuntivas jerárquicas (HCQ) son un subconjunto de las consultas conjuntivas (CQ) con propiedades algorítmicas robustas. Berkholz, Keppeler y Schweikardt, entre otros, han demostrado que HCQ es la subclase de CQ mas grande que admite la evaluación dinámica de consultas con constant update time y constant dealy enumeration. Por otra parte, nos encontramos con el concepto de Complex Event Recognition (CER), una tecnología prominente para la evaluación de patrones sobre streams de datos. Dado que un stream de datos puede interpretarse como una secuencia, potencialmente infinita, de inserciones para la evaluación dinámica de consultas, es natural preguntarse si es posible aprovechar las propiedades de las HCQ para encontrar una clase robusta de consultas que puedan evaluarse de forma eficiente en el setting de CER. En esta tesis buscamos combinar las HCQ con patrones de secuencia para encontrar una clase de consultas de CER que tengan lo mejor de ambos mundos. Con este objetivo, proponemos un modelo de autómata, llamado Parallelized Complex Event Automata (PCEA), para evaluar consultas de CER con correlación (i.e., joins) sobre streams de datos. Este modelo nos permite expresar patrones de secuencia y comparar valores entre tuplas, pero además incorpora una definición alternativa de no determinismo que llamamos paralelización. Mostramos que para toda HCQ, utilizando bag semantics, es posible construir un PCEA equivalente. Adicionalmente, mostramos que HCQ es la clase de consultas conjuntivas acíclicas más grande que este modelo puede definir. Por lo anterior, PCEA es un modelo que captura precisamente las HCQ y las extiende con patrones de secuencia. Finalmente, mostramos que PCEA hereda las propiedades algorítmicas de las HCQ, presentando un algoritmo de evaluación para PCEA bajo sliding windows con logarithmic update time y output-linear delay.
Enhanced prediction of model-based vocal features using a probabilistic bayesian neural network with uncertainty estimation
Authors:   , SEPÚLVEDA RIQUELME JOAQUIN
Published: July 2024

This thesis presents a thorough investigation into the modeling and estimation of vocal function variables, providing advances in the field of non-invasive ambulatory voice monitoring. Two related studies are involved in the thesis. One of the studies is aimed to resolve the discrepancies between the Triangular Body-Cover Model (TBCM) of vocal folds and clinical data. The study explores theimpact of physical properties, particularly the attenuation factor of the vocal tract, in accurately replicating clinical data, offering insights into the optimization of synthetic voice models for more accurate clinical representation. The second study introduces a novel application of a Probabilistic Bayesian Neural Network (PBNN) for estimating vocal function variables such as subglottal pressure,vocal fold contact pressure, and muscle activation variables, which are challenging to measure in ambulatory settings. The PBNN is trained on both synthetic and clinical data, demonstrating strong performance in predicting these variables with accurate es timations and narrow confidence intervals in synthetic contexts. In contrast, clinical contexts, incorporating transfer learning, present wider, more realistic confidence in tervals due to the inherent variability in human phonation. Furthermore, an observable correlation between prediction errors and both aleatoric and epistemic uncertaintieshighlights the ability of the network to forecast inaccuracies. Increased uncertainty at points of non-linear behavior, especially at higher subglottal pressures, suggests the need for improved input features to capture these nonlinear effects, indicating avenues for future research to enhance measurement fidelity.
Neural dynamics of Epistemic Curiosity and Memory
Authors:   , Illesca Matus Ricardo Sebastián
Published: July 2024

La curiosidad epistémica es un estado motivacional intrínsecamente gratificante, caracterizado por el deseo de adquirir conocimiento dentro del contexto de incertidumbre, el cual ha sido asociado con el aprendizaje y memoria. Estudios anteriores han vinculado los estados motivacionales y el control cognitivo en contextos inciertos con un aumento del poder de la actividad cerebral oscilatoria theta (3-7 hz) especialmente en áreas frontales. Aún se desconoce si la actividad theta diferencia entre estados altos y bajos de curiosidad epistémica y su papel en el aprendizaje. Para aclarar este asunto, investigamos la actividad oscilatoria asociada con la curiosidad epistémica. Los participantes calificaron su nivel de curiosidad en respuesta a preguntas presentadas en una tarea de trivia mientras se registraba su actividad oscilatoria a través de un electroencefalograma. Posteriormente se les realizó una tarea de recuerdo libre en donde debían escribir todas las respuestas que recordaban de la tarea de trivia. Descubrimos que los estados de alta curiosidad epistémica se asociaron con un aumento significativo en el poder de la actividad theta, en contraste con el ligero aumento en el poder de la actividad theta observado durante los estados de baja curiosidad epistémica. Además, los estados de alta curiosidad epistémica se asociaron con un mayor recuerdo de respuestas en comparación con los estados de baja curiosidad epistémica. Concluimos que la actividad theta proporciona información sobre los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes a la curiosidad epistémica. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el aumento en el poder theta puede reflejar el control cognitivo en estados gratificantes de incertidumbre, como la curiosidad epistémica. Además, estos mecanismos también podrían subyacer en los efectos de los estados de alta curiosidad epistémica en el recuerdo de información de interés.
La Dirección de Presupuestos: en la sala de máquinas del presidencialismo chileno
Authors: Soto Velasco Sebastian
Published: July 2024

La Dirección de Presupuestos del Ministerio de Hacienda (DIPRES) es una institución de máxima relevancia para el presidencialismo chileno que, pese a ello, ha sido escasamente estudiada. En esta investigación se examina su evolución histórica y su esfera de influencia en el proceso de elaboración de las políticas públicas tanto desde sus competencias formales como desde sus atributos informales. Todo ello permite sostener que la DIPRES se encuentra en la “sala de máquinas” del presidencialismo chileno y proyectar algunos desafíos para el futuro.
Precision Farming Solutions: Integrating Technology for Sustainable Pest Management
Authors: H Godavari , E Vidya Madhuri , B Tulasi , Sharma Preeti , S M Ranjitha , Samreen  , J S Rupali , Manoj Marella Sai , Manideep Sake , N Keerthika , Paschapur Amit Umesh
Published: July 2024

Precision agriculture has revolutionized modern farming practices by integrating advanced technologies to optimize resource utilization, enhance crop productivity, and mitigate pest pressures. This article explores the intersection of precision agriculture and pest management, elucidating how precision techniques are tailored to combat pest challenges efficiently and sustainably. Precision agriculture employs a multi-faceted approach to pest management, leveraging various technologies and strategies across the agricultural landscape. Key components include remote sensing technologies for early pest detection, sensor technologies for real-time field monitoring, and GPS/GIS applications for precise mapping and targeted control measures. Integration of entomological data is essential in precision pest management, facilitating accurate pest identification, behaviour monitoring, and predictive modelling to anticipate and mitigate pest outbreaks effectively. Automated insect recognition systems, DNA barcoding, and decision support systems enable proactive pest management strategies tailored to specific pest species and environmental conditions. Quantifiable benefits, such as a 20% increase in efficiency and a 15% reduction in environmental impact, highlight the significance of precision pest management in modern agriculture. The target audience for this exploration includes researchers, farmers, and policymakers. Challenges in implementation, including technological barriers and farmer adoption, necessitate targeted strategies to facilitate widespread adoption and maximize benefits.
Heat Stress in Maize: Understanding the Physiological and Biochemical Impacts
Authors: Raviteja Doddaghatta H. , N. Swamy , R. Ranjeetha , Jadhav Anil
Published: July 2024

Climate change and global warming significantly impact agriculture, particularly maize (Zea mays L.), a crucial global food, feed, and industrial crop. From 2011 to 2020, the global surface temperature rose by 1.09°C compared to the 1850–1900 baseline, with projections suggesting a further increase, potentially reaching 3°C by 2100. This rise in temperature, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, adversely affects maize, especially during heat stress conditions above 35°C, causing irreversible damage to nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content, and biomass accumulation. Heat stress during critical growth stages, particularly the reproductive phase, leads to pollen sterility, poor seed set, and grain abortion, reducing maize yields by an average of 7.4% per degree Celsius rise. Additionally, heat stress increases oxidative stress and disrupts cellular structures, impairing plant growth. Future research should focus on breeding heat-tolerant maize varieties and optimizing agronomic practices. Advanced genomic tools and biotechnological approaches can accelerate the identification and manipulation of genes involved in heat tolerance. Plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid show promise in enhancing maize resilience by modulating physiological responses and stress adaptation mechanisms. Interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative technologies are essential for developing effective strategies to ensure sustainable maize production in the face of climate change.
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Content and Their Uptake by Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Kumar Punit , Patel Jay Nath , Alam Mohd Shah
Published: July 2024

Aims: To study the effect of weed management practices on nutrient content and their uptake by green gram (Vigna radiata L.).
Study design: Randomized block design.
Place and duration of study: One-year field experiment at Research Farm, School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi, (H.P.).
Methodology:   The experiment was conducted with three replications and ten treatments viz.- T1 = (Weedy check), T2= (Weed free), T3 = (Hand weeding at 20 & 35 DAS), T4 = [Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 35.50 g a.i. ha-1 (PoE) at 20 DAS], T5 = [Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 75.00 g a.i. ha-1 (PoE) 20 DAS], T6 = [Pendimethalin @ 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE)], T7 = [Pendimethalin @ 1.50 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE)], T8 = [Imazethapyr @ 25.00 g a.i. ha-1 (PoE) at 20 DAS], T9 = [Imazethapyr @ 40.00 g a.i. ha-1 (PoE) at 20 DAS] and T10 = [Pendimethalin @ 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr @ 75.00 g a.i. ha-1    (PoE) at 20 DAS].
Result: Different weed management practices showed non-significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grains and straw of the green gram crop, while, the highest content of these nutrients were noted in treatment T2. The application of treatment T2 recorded the significantly maximum uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by grains, straw and total uptake by green gram crop, which was statistically at par with treatment T3 and T10. Whereas, the minimum content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium along with their uptake by green gram crop was found under treatment T1.
Conclusion: This field study revealed that various weed management practices did not affected the content of nutrients significantly, however, weed management practices significantly affected the nutrient uptake by grains, straw and total uptake by green gram crop.
Green Energy Concept for Uttarakhand: A Review
Authors: Arya Deepika , Kumar Arun , Singh T.P.
Published: July 2024

Biogas technology, which utilizes the anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce methane and carbon dioxide, has gained traction as a sustainable solution for energy needs, waste management, and environmental protection. This review explores the feasibility, implementation, and benefits of biogas technology in hilly regions, where unique geographical and climatic conditions present both opportunities and challenges. The paper discusses types of feedstock, biogas plant designs, socio-economic impacts, and policy frameworks pertinent to hilly areas, supplemented by case studies from various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review aims to provide insights into the potential of biogas technology to contribute to sustainable development in hilly terrains. Biogas, in its raw form, that is without any purification can be used as clean cooking fuel like LPG, lighting, motive power and generation of electricity. It can be used in diesel engines to substitute diesel up to 80% and up to 100% replacement of diesel by using 100% Biogas Engines. Further, Biogas can be purified and upgraded up to 98% purity of methane content to make it suitable to be used as a green and clean fuel for transportation or filling in cylinders at high pressure of 250 bar or so and called as Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG).
Poonchi: A Threatened Sheep Breed of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sarma Olympica , Rather Mubashir Ali , Shanaz Syed , Goswami Rashmi , Gupta Deesha
Published: July 2024

Poonchi is a medium sized sheep distributed mainly in Poonch district of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir. Poonch is a remote district of Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir. The Gujjers and Bakarwal inhibiting Poonch and Rajori have developed excellence in sheep rearing practices since times immemorial. Topography of Poonch is hilly and mountainous forming many low lying beautiful valleys and this topography provides excellent space and grazing lands for excellent sheep rearing. The sheep farmers of Poonch district are economically backward, possessing average land holding of 3.95 kanal / farmer. Agriculture is core economic activity of sheep farmers of Poonch to meet household necessities. The Poonchi sheep are mostly white in colour. Although some black and spotted sheep are also common. The body length, chest girth and body height of adult Poonch ewes are 55.71 cm, 71.63 cm and 57.00 cm, respectively. The body weight of adult Poonch sheep varies from 28-38 kg (male) and 26-34 kg (female). Similarly, body weights of male and female hoggets range between 20-26 kg and 19-25 kg, respectively. Therefore, conservation initiatives are imperative to preserve this breed, requiring collaborative efforts from governmental agencies, local communities, and researchers. Strategies should focus on enhancing breeding programs, protecting natural habitats, and promoting the economic value of the Poonchi sheep's products.
Development of a periplasmic FRET screening method for protease inhibitory antibodies
Authors: Nam Dong Hyun , Ge Xin
Published: May 2013

Proteases play critical roles in numerous physiological processes and thus represent one of the largest families of potential pharmaceutical targets. Previous failure of broad‐spectrum small molecule inhibitors toward tumorigenic metalloproteinases in clinical trials emphasizes that selectivity is the key for a successful protease‐inhibition therapy. With exquisite specificity, antibody‐based inhibitors are emerging as promising therapeutics. However, the majority of current antibody selection technologies are based on binding and not on inhibition. Here, we report the development of a function‐based inhibitory antibody screening method, which combines a simple periplasmic preparation and an ultra sensitive FRET assay, both processes are amenable to high‐throughput applications. Using this method, inhibitory antibodies can be rapidly distinguished from non‐inhibitory clones with satisfactory Z‐factors. Coupled with ELISA, this method also provides a fast semi‐quantitative estimation of IC50 values without antibody purification. We expect this technology to greatly facilitate the generation of highly selective biologic inhibitors, targeting many proteases that are important to medical research and therapeutic development. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2856–2864. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparison of the Photocatalytic Activity of Six Tunneled Titanates.
Authors: Sanford Stephen , Misture Scott T. , Edwards Doreen D.
Published: May 2013

The tunneled titanates Na0.7Ga4.7Ti0.3O8 (I), Na0.8Ga4.8Ti1.2O10 (II), Na0.8Ga4.8Ti2.2O12 (III), K1.5Ga1.5Ti6.5O16 (IV), KGa17Ti15O56 (V), and BaTi4O9 (VI) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Na2CO3, K2CO3, BaCO3, TiO2, and Ga2O3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of Ba2Cu2ThS5, and Electronic Structures of Ba2Cu2ThS5 and Ba2Cu2US5.
Authors: Mesbah Adel , Lebegue Sebastien , Klingsporn Jordan M. , Stojko Wojciech , Van Duyne Richard P. , Ibers James A.
Published: May 2013

Ba2Cu2ThS5 is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of BaS, S, Cu, and Th (evacuated fused silica tube, 1173 K, 4 d, controlled cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Tin Clathrates with the Type II Structure.
Authors: Schaefer Marion C. , Bobev Svilen
Published: May 2013

The new type II Sn clathrates Cs8Ba16Ga39.7Sn96.3, Rb9.9Ba13.3Ga36.4Sn99.6, K2.0Ba14.0Ga30.4Sn105.6, and Ba16Ga32.1Sn103.9 are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Nb tubes, 1000 °C for 1 h and 700 °C for 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis and Characterization of the Copper Lyonsite‐Type Compound Cu4‐xMo3O12.
Authors: Raw Adam D. , Ibers James A. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: May 2013

Polycrystalline, diffraction quality powders of Cu3.82Mo3O12 are obtained by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Cu2O, CuO, and MoO3 (fused silica tube, 803 K, 2 d, slow cooling) followed by treatment of the resulting powder in a Ga flux (sealed fused silica tube, 773 K, 24 h, cooling to room temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Dipyridylphosphine‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation: Enantioselective Synthesis of Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl Cycloalkyl Alcohols
Authors: Qi Shan‐Bin , Li Min , Li Shijun , Zhou Ji‐Ning , Wu Jun‐Wen , Yu Feng , Zhang Xi‐Chang , Chan Albert S. C. , Wu Jing
Published: May 2013

38 examples
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Throughput One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Methylquinolines.
Authors: Chandrashekarappa Kiran Kumar H. , Mahadevan Kittappa M. , Manjappa Kiran B.
Published: May 2013

A facile access to the title compounds, required as intermediates in natural product synthesis, becomes possible by treatment of anilines with excess ethyl vinyl ether in acetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Procedure for Reduction of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amides to Amines.
Authors: Reeves Jonathan T. , Tan Zhulin , Marsini Maurice A. , Han Zhengxu S. , Xu Yibo , Reeves Diana C. , Lee Heewon , Lu Bruce Z. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: May 2013

A mild and general protocol for the title reaction, which tolerates a wide range of functional groups is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Mediated C—H Bond Activation of Thiosemicarbazones: Catalytic Application of Organopalladium Complexes in C—C and C—N Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Paul Piyali , Sengupta Poulami , Bhattacharya Samaresh
Published: May 2013

A novel palladium thiosemicarbazone complex is prepared and efficiently applied as a catalyst for the arylation of amines (IV) and (VII) with halobenzenes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical One‐Pot Sequence for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2‐Diols from Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Hermange Philippe , Portalier Francois , Thomassigny Christine , Greck Christine
Published: May 2013

A convenient three‐step approach is developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched monoprotected 1,2‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Unique Reactivity of Diazoesters: An Efficient Approach to Chiral β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Malhotra Sushant , Ellerbrock Pascal
Published: May 2013

A new method for the conversion of alcohols to amine derivatives under retention of the configuration is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated α‐Sulfonyloxylation of Alkyl Aryl Ketones with Oxone® and Sulfonic Acids.
Authors: Kikui Hiroki , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: May 2013

Various title compounds, important precursors of a broad spectrum of heteroaromatics, are prepared with TosOH or MesOH as the sulfonyl agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross Couplings of Benzylic Ammonium Salts and Boronic Acids: Stereospecific Formation of Diarylethanes via C—N Bond Activation.
Authors: Maity Prantik , Shacklady‐McAtee Danielle M. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Sirianni Eric R. , Watson Mary P.
Published: May 2013

A wide range of diaryl methanes is prepared tolerating many functional groups and heterocyclic substituents [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium Ammonium Nitrate‐Mediated the Oxidative Dimerization of p‐Alkenylphenols: A New Synthesis of Substituted (.+‐.)‐trans‐Dihydrobenzofurans.
Authors: Chen Po‐Yuan , Wu Yi‐Hua , Hsu Mon‐Huei , Wang Tzu‐Pin , Wang Eng‐Chi
Published: May 2013

Alkenylphenols (I) undergo a diastereoselective oxidative dimerization to generate 2,3‐disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans like conocarpin (IIb), licarin A (IId) and congeners.This radical dimerization is found to be reversible and therefore sensitive to the concentration of CAN and the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective Multicomponent Synthesis of Densely Substituted 2‐Oxo Dihydropyrroles Catalyzed by Clean, Reusable, and Heterogeneous TiO2 Nanopowder.
Authors: Rana Sunil , Brown Mike , Dutta Arghya , Bhaumik Asim , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: May 2013

An environmentally benign process is developed for the reaction of diesters (I) or (IX) with aldehydes and 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to 3‐Acylindoles Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition of Indoles to Nitriles: The One‐Pot Synthesis of Indenoindolones.
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , You Jingsong , Song Feijie
Published: May 2013

Synthesis of indolylarylketones proceeds with high selectivity and for a wide substrate scope by the presented operationally simple procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles and 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrroles from α‐Diazoketones.
Authors: Reddy B. v. Subba , Reddy M. Ramana , Rao Y. Gopal , Yadav J. S. , Sridhar B.
Published: May 2013

Practical application of this method is demonstrated by the total synthesis of homofascaplysin C (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of Octahydropyrano‐ and Thiopyrano[4,3‐a]carbazole Derivatives via Prins/Friedel—Crafts Cyclization.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy P. Sivaramakrishna , Yadav J. S. , Sridhar B.
Published: May 2013

Cyclization of alcohol (I) or thiol (IV) with aldehydes proceeds under mild conditions to give the title compounds with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: “One‐Pot” Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 1,5‐Diaryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates via Lithium tert‐Butoxide‐Mediated Sterically Hindered Claisen Condensation and Knorr Reaction.
Authors: Jiang Jian‐An , Huang Wei‐Bin , Zhai Jiao‐Jiao , Liu Hong‐Wei , Cai Qi , Xu Liu‐Xin , Wang Wei , Ji Ya‐Fei
Published: May 2013

In some cases besides the desired 1,5‐isomer (IV) an 1,3‐isomer is formed as well, even though in small amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2‐Diazopropane over 1,4‐Benzoquinone: Synthesis of New Pyrazoloquinones.
Authors: Ben Hamadi Naoufel , Lachheb Jalel , Guerfel Taha , Msaddek Moncef
Published: May 2013

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of diazopropane (II) with benzoquinone affords bis‐cycloadducts (IV) and (V) along with minor amounts of mono‐adduct (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Aminohalogenation of Fluorinated N′‐Aryl‐N‐propargyl Amidines for the Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Li Shan , Li Zhengke , Yuan Yafen , Li Yajun , Zhang Lisi , Wu Yongming
Published: May 2013

A new procedure for the synthesis of fluorinated imidazole derivatives from propargyl amidines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Nucleophilic Addition of 3‐Aryl‐5‐difluoromethyl‐isoxazoles to Aldehydes.
Authors: Yang Xueyan , Fang Xiang , Zhang Dong , Yu Yanlin , Zhang Zhengdong , Wu Fanhong
Published: May 2013

The direction of the title reaction depends on the base employed and provides regioselective access to side chain alkylated products (IV) or ring‐alkylated products (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Driven Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles Using CdS Nanosphere as Heterogenous Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Das Sudipto , Samanta Suvendu , Maji Swarup Kumar , Samanta Partha Kumar , Dutta Amit Kumar , Srivastava Divesh N. , Adhikary Bibhutosh , Biswas Papu
Published: May 2013

The mesoporous CdS nanosphere is successfully applied in the preparation of various benzothiazole derivatives bearing aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic residues at C‐2.
ChemInform Abstract: Super Acid Catalyzed Sequential Hydrolysis/Cycloisomerization of o‐(Acetylenic)benzamides under Microwave Condition: Synthesis, Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Activity of Substituted Isocoumarins.
Authors: Praveen Chandrasekaran , Dheenkumar P. , Perumal P. T.
Published: May 2013

This is the first direct synthesis of isocoumarins from o‐alkynylbenzamides under super acid conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Pyridin‐3‐yl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles.
Authors: Qian Qun , Zhu Yiwen , Zhang Min , Lu Dongliang , Cao Weiguo , Song Liping , Huang Qingchun
Published: May 2013

9 Title compounds of type (XI) are prepared and tested for their insecticidal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Promoted Direct One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐3‐(pyridine‐2‐ylamino)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from Aromatic Ketones and 2‐Aminopyridines.
Authors: Fei Zhuan , Zhu Yan‐ping , Liu Mei‐cai , Jia Feng‐cheng , Wu An‐xin
Published: May 2013

The heterocyclic skeleton is readily available in moderate yields without the need for any metal or base catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Piperidine Based γ‐Amino Acids and of Trifluoromethyl‐Indolizidines.
Authors: Jatoi Wahid Bux , Desiront Agnes , Job Aurelie , Troin Yves , Canet Jean‐Louis
Published: May 2013

Title compounds such as (VII), (X), and (XIV) are prepared in a highly enantio‐enriched form employing as key step an intramolecular Mannich type process, involving an enantiopure aminoketal (I) and oxobutenoate (II) as aldehyde partner.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Glycosyl‐Chloride‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyglucosides.
Authors: Verma Ved Prakash , Wang Cheng‐Chung
Published: May 2013

The method does not require a 2,3‐O‐conformation restricting group and uses Tol‐S‐Cl/AgOTf as a preactivation system.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2‐Tolerant and Cobalt‐Free SrFe0.8Nb0.2O3‐δ Perovskite Membrane for Oxygen Separation.
Authors: Yi Jianxin , Schroeder Michael , Martin Manfred
Published: May 2013

The title material is a promising candidate as oxygen permeable membrane for oxyfuel applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft X‐Ray Probes of Ultrafast Dynamics for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Beye M. , Foehlisch A.
Published: May 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combustion Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride: A Review
Authors: Chung Shyan‐Lung , Lai Chun‐Hung
Published: May 2013

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Magnetocaloric Effect and Magnetic Refrigeration Near Room Temperature: Materials and Models
Authors: Franco V. , Blazquez J. S. , Ingale B. , Conde A.
Published: May 2013

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aromatic Nitro Compounds
Authors: Yan Guobing , Yang Minghua
Published: May 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of 1,3‐Dioxoles and 1,3‐Oxathioles: An Update
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Power Lynn A.
Published: May 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Authors: Xu Hangxun , Zeiger Brad W. , Suslick Kenneth S.
Published: May 2013

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress, Challenge and Perspective of Heterogeneous Photocatalysts
Authors: Qu Yongquan , Duan Xiangfeng
Published: May 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of the Calculated Panel‐Reactive Antibody and Virtual Crossmatch in Heart Transplantation
Authors: Chang David , Kobashigawa Jon
Published: May 2013

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Path for Metal Complexes to a DNA Target
Authors: Komor Alexis C. , Barton Jacqueline K.
Published: May 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver as Antibacterial Agent: Ion, Nanoparticle, and Metal
Authors: Chernousova Svitlana , Epple Matthias
Published: May 2013

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transition‐Induced Elasticity of α‐Helical Bioelastomeric Fibres and Networks
Authors: Miserez Ali , Guerette Paul A.
Published: May 2013

Review: 162 refs.
Bringing Redox Reactivity to a Redox Inactive Metal Center – E–I (E = C, Si) Bond Cleavage with a Thorium Bis(α‐diimine) Complex
Authors: Mrutu Agnes , Barnes Charles L. , Bart Suzanne C. , Walensky Justin R.
Published: May 2013

As the reactivity of transition‐metal complexes with redox‐active ligands has gained significant attention in recent years, we have begun expanding to the actinides. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of (MesDABMe)2Th(THF) {1, MesDABMe = [MesNC(Me)=C(Me)NMes]2–, Mes = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl, THF = tetrahydrofuran}, which cleaves the C–I bond in CH3I with subsequent Th–I and C–C bond formation to produce (MesDABMe)(MesDAB)ThI {2, MesDAB = [MesN=C(Me)C(Me)2NMes]–}. When 2 is crystallized in acetonitrile, the solvated adduct (MesDABMe)(MesDAB)ThI(NCCH3) (2‐MeCN) is isolated. The reaction of 2 equiv. of 1 with Me3SiI produces (MesDABMe)2ThI (3) and Me3SiSiMe3. In 3, one MesDABMe ligand is now monoanionic and provides an electron to cleave the Si–I bond. This represents a rare example of the reactivity of thorium with a redox‐active ligand.
Heat Transfer by Nanofluid with Different Nanoparticles in a Solar Collector
Authors: Nasrin Rehena , Alim M.A.
Published: May 2013

The buoyancy flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a solar collector having the flat‐plate cover and sinusoidal corrugated absorber are analyzed numerically. The water‐based nanofluid with alumina and copper nanoparticles is used as the working fluid inside the solar collector. The governing partial differential equations with proper boundary conditions are solved by the finite element method using Galerkin's weighted residual scheme. The behavior of both nanoparticles related to performance such as temperature and velocity distributions, radiative and convective heat transfers, mean temperature, and velocity of the nanofluid is investigated systematically. This performance includes the solid volume fraction, namely ϕ1 and ϕ2, with respect to Al 2 O 3 and Cu nanoparticles. The results show that the better performance of heat transfer inside the collector is found by using the highest ϕ2 than ϕ1. The result of this study expresses a good agreement with the theoretical result available in the literature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(1): 61–79, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21061
Coronary drug‐eluting stents: From design optimization to newer strategies
Authors: Sun Daming , Zheng Yiming , Yin Tieying , Tang Chaojun , Yu Qingsong , Wang Guixue
Published: May 2013

Compared with early bare‐metal stents, drug‐eluting stents (DESs) are more effective in treating coronary artery diseases, especially in inhibiting restenosis. However, in‐stent restenosis still clinically occurs at a non‐negligible rate. More importantly, delayed endothelialization, inflammation, and hypersensitivity trigger subacute or late adverse events, particularly stent thrombosis, and thereby raise more concerns over the long‐term safety of DESs. These problems are mostly associated with the permanent polymeric materials, non‐optimal therapeutic drugs, and/or metallic stent platforms used in current DES design. It is critically important to further improve and optimize DES design and apply newer strategies for developing next generation DES. These new generation DESs should maintain their clinical efficacy and meanwhile eliminate the long‐term safety concerns. In this review article, the current information on the optimization of DES design was critically reviewed based on DES's basic components, namely, stent platform, restenotic drug, and polymer coating. The available strategies for designing next‐generation DESs were also summarized, ranging from degradable polymer DESs, to polymer‐free DESs, to fully biodegradable DESs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1625–1640, 2014.
Hyperactive Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling Potentiates Skeletal Defects in a Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Mouse Model
Authors: Rhodes Steven D , Wu Xiaohua , He Yongzheng , Chen Shi , Yang Hao , Staser Karl W , Wang Jiapeng , Zhang Ping , Jiang Chang , Yokota Hiroki , Dong Ruizhi , Peng Xianghong , Yang Xianlin , Murthy Sreemala , Azhar Mohamad , Mohammad Khalid S , Xu Mingjiang , Guise Theresa A , Yang Feng-Chun
Published: May 2013

Dysregulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is associated with a spectrum of osseous defects as seen in Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Camurati-Engelmann disease. Intriguingly, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients exhibit many of these characteristic skeletal features, including kyphoscoliosis, osteoporosis, tibial dysplasia, and pseudarthrosis; however, the molecular mechanisms mediating these phenotypes remain unclear. Here, we provide genetic and pharmacologic evidence that hyperactive TGF-β1 signaling pivotally underpins osseous defects in Nf1flox/−;Col2.3Cre mice, a model which closely recapitulates the skeletal abnormalities found in the human disease. Compared to controls, we show that serum TGF-β1 levels are fivefold to sixfold increased both in Nf1flox/−;Col2.3Cre mice and in a cohort of NF1 patients. Nf1-deficient osteoblasts, the principal source of TGF-β1 in bone, overexpress TGF-β1 in a gene dosage–dependent fashion. Moreover, Nf1-deficient osteoblasts and osteoclasts are hyperresponsive to TGF-β1 stimulation, potentiating osteoclast bone resorptive activity while inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. These cellular phenotypes are further accompanied by p21-Ras–dependent hyperactivation of the canonical TGF-β1–Smad pathway. Reexpression of the human, full-length neurofibromin guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein (GAP)-related domain (NF1 GRD) in primary Nf1-deficient osteoblast progenitors, attenuated TGF-β1 expression levels and reduced Smad phosphorylation in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. As an in vivo proof of principle, we demonstrate that administration of the TGF-β receptor 1 (TβRI) kinase inhibitor, SD-208, can rescue bone mass deficits and prevent tibial fracture nonunion in Nf1flox/−;Col2.3Cre mice. In sum, these data demonstrate a pivotal role for hyperactive TGF-β1 signaling in the pathogenesis of NF1-associated osteoporosis and pseudarthrosis, thus implicating the TGF-β signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of NF1 osseous defects that are refractory to current therapies. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Pin1‐mediated Runx2 modification is critical for skeletal development
Authors: Yoon Won‐Joon , Islam Rabia , Cho Young‐Dan , Woo Kyung‐Mi , Baek Jeong‐Hwa , Uchida Takafumi , Komori Toshihisa , van Wijnen Andre , Stein Janet L. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Gary S. , Choi Je‐Yong , Bae Suk‐Chul , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo
Published: May 2013

Runx2 is the master transcription factor for bone formation. Haploinsufficiency of RUNX2 is the genetic cause of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) that is characterized by hypoplastic clavicles and open fontanels. In this study, we found that Pin1, peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase, is a critical regulator of Runx2 in vivo and in vitro. Pin1 mutant mice developed CCD‐like phenotypes with hypoplastic clavicles and open fontanels as found in the Runx2+/− mice. In addition Runx2 protein level was significantly reduced in Pin1 mutant mice. Moreover Pin1 directly interacts with the Runx2 protein in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner and subsequently stabilizes Runx2 protein. In the absence of Pin1, Runx2 is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin‐dependent protein degradation pathway. However, Pin1 overexpression strongly attenuated uniquitin‐dependent Runx2 degradation. Collectively conformational change of Runx2 by Pin1 is essential for its protein stability and possibly enhances the level of active Runx2 in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2377–2385, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI‐guided drug delivery
Authors: Langereis Sander , Geelen Tessa , Grüll Holger , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nicolay Klaas
Published: May 2013

Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)‐containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease‐specific markers and for image‐guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image‐guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand‐conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast‐enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image‐guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel biobased photo‐crosslinked polymer networks prepared from vegetable oil and 2,5‐furan diacrylate
Authors: Jang Na Ri , Kim Hak‐Ryul , Hou Ching T. , Kim Beom Soo
Published: May 2013

Novel biobased crosslinked polymer networks were prepared from vegetable oil with 2,5‐furan diacrylate as a difunctional stiffener through UV photopolymerization, and the mechanical properties of the resulting films were evaluated. The vegetable oil raw materials used were acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), acrylated castor oil (ACO), and acrylated 7,10‐dihydroxy‐8(E)‐octadecenoic acid (ADOD). 2,5‐Furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which can be synthesized through the oxidative dehydration of C6 sugars, was identified by the US Department of Energy as one of 12 priority chemicals for establishing the green chemistry industry of the future. 2,5‐Furan dimethanol (bis‐hydroxymethylfuran), which can be derived from FDCA, was used as a starting material to synthesize 2,5‐furan diacrylate, which was used as a biobased comonomer along with AESO, ACO, or ADOD to form photo‐crosslinked polymer networks. The synthesis of acrylate derivatives was confirmed using FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. The composition of the reaction mixture was changed to obtain crosslinked polymer networks with various mechanical properties. The addition of 2,5‐furan diacrylate increased the tensile strengths of the polymer films by up to 1.4–4.2 times relative to those obtained without the addition. These fully biobased polymers derived from vegetable oil and sugar can be used as environmentally friendly renewable materials for various applications to replace the existing petroleum‐based polymers currently used. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive prenatal testing of fetal aneuploidies by massively parallel sequencing in a prospective Chinese population
Authors: Song Yijun , Liu Congcong , Qi Hong , Zhang Yunping , Bian Xuming , Liu Juntao
Published: May 2013

Objective

The recently developed noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) presents a new era of prenatal screening. Previously reported studies were primarily conducted on high‐risk and advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies. We sought to evaluate the performance of NIPT for detection of fetal aneuploidies in a Chinese cohort of women younger than 35 years old in a prospective clinical setting.

Methods

Maternal plasma samples were sequenced to identify the aneuploidies. The results were compared against the serum screening results and validated by karyotyping through invasive procedures and birth follow‐up.

Results

A total of 1916 prospectively collected maternal plasma samples were sequenced, among which 73 samples (3.8%) failed the sequencing quality control. Birth follow‐up missed 111 samples (5.8%). The remaining 1741 samples were analyzed. Sequencing reported 15 aneuploidy samples, including all the T21, T18, and T13 cases. Sequencing performed moderately in identifying sex chromosome aneuploidies, detecting two out of four samples, with a specificity of 99.88% (95% CI 99.53% to 99.98%).

Conclusions

Noninvasive prenatal detection of common fetal aneuploidies is a more sensitive and specific method than triple maternal serum screening. It has a remarkable low false positive rate and is applicable to women younger than 35 years old. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Survivorship’ in prostate cancer I: diagnostic and management considerations
Authors: Kirby Roger , Sharp Owen , Forster Paul
Published: May 2013

With more than 250 000 men currently surviving after a diagnosis of prostate cancer in the UK, doctors need to adopt a more patient‐focused approach to help improve their quality of life. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Hair loss in men
Authors: Williams Greg , Farjo Nilofer
Published: May 2013

Male‐pattern hair loss is the most common type of alopecia in men. The authors outline the non‐surgical treatments available and discuss the techniques used in hair transplant surgery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
New horizons for prostate cancer: part 1
Authors: Dearnaley David , Ottensmeier Christian , Attard Gerhardt , Crabb Simon
Published: May 2013

This report is based on a seminar held during the 9th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group in Bristol last September. The workshop reviewed emerging prostate cancer treatment strategies that are predicted to contribute to the changing landscape of prostate cancer management over the coming years. Immunotherapy and developments in radiotherapy are discussed in part 1 of this article, while part 2 will cover androgen receptor inhibition and novel target identification. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons