bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions or Complications:CETA, Climate Change & Sustainability in Canada
Authors: Cordonier Segger Marie-Claire , Young Lydia
Published: June 2024

Canada has undertaken key commitments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increase adaptation and climate resilience, and realign financial flows, particularly in the country’s three successive Nationally Determined Contributions (‘NDCs’) to the global response to climate change under the 2015 Paris Agreement. Canada and the European Union (‘EU’) have also launched a new trade agreement, the Canada – EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (‘CETA’), which recognizes that economic development, social development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing components of sustainable development and reaffirms both Canadian and European commitments to promoting trade that contributes to sustainable development for the welfare of present and future generations. In this brief article, several ways in which CETA might contribute to the achievement of Canada’s NDC are canvassed. The article discusses whether over time, CETA implementation will clearly commit to climate action and other sustainable development objectives; avoid constraining key laws and policies needed for climate action; intensify cooperation to limit temperature increases, increase the ability to adapt to adverse impacts of climate change, foster climate resilience and lowGHGemissions development and make finance flows consistent with sustainable development; and enhance trade in more climate and nature positive, sustainable goods and services. If so, the article suggests, CETA has the potential to foster rather than frustrate the Parties’ commitments under the 2015 Paris Agreement, and their work to advance the global Sustainable Development Goals (‘SDGs’).
Policy Note: Beyond the 2-Pillar Solution: A Case for a Global Income Tax and the Creation of the International Tax Organization
Authors: Quinones Natalia
Published: June 2024

Globalization, technological advancement, and the subsequent mobility of functions, risks, and assets in business activities present tax challenges that cannot be resolved with the existing rules. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) attempted to reform the international tax system through what is referred to as the two-pillar solution consisting primarily of transferring a small portion of excess profits made by the largest multinationals to market countries (Pillar 1) and establishing a minimum 15% tax to be paid mainly in the residence jurisdiction of the ultimate parent of multinational groups (Pillar 2). Some of the agreements reached in this context may serve as grounds for a more global solution that actually resolves the issues brought by globalization and technology in a simple, inclusive, and sustainable manner. This policy brief proposes replacing current nexus rules for global taxpayers with the establishment of a global income tax by using the agreements on the calculation of the effective tax rate (ETR) for Pillar 2 and building a pilot with the multinationals selected as covered by Pillar 1. Further, the article argues for creating an international tax organization (ITO) to administer this tax, departing from the approval of the Resolution for the Promotion of Inclusive and Effective International Tax Cooperation at the United Nations in November 2022. Finally, the contribution proposes a bold spending proposal aimed at effectively addressing global challenges like climate change, including a transitional regime to support countries giving up domestic revenues due to the implementation of the proposed solution.
Case Law Trends: New Targeted Interest Deduction Limitation Rules Post Lexel
Authors: Tale Alexander
Published: June 2024

Both the European Union (EU) Directive implementing the OECD’s Pillar Two and the proposal for a debt-equity bias reduction allowance (DEBRA) feature rules that target and limit interest deduction as the need for these still exists. However, in case C-484/19 Lexel from 2021, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) struck down the Swedish targeted interest deduction legislation of 2013 applying to loans between associated companies. The Court considered the legislation to constitute an unjustifiable restriction of the freedom of establishment. It essentially stated that only wholly artificial arrangements could be the object of the targeted interest deduction rules while, at the same time, concluding that transactions carried out at arm’s length cannot be considered artificial or fictitious arrangements. After Lexel, the question is whether targeted interest deduction rules that are drafted with the objective of combating tax base erosion have any future, or must Member States only rely on the application of anti-abuse rules or targeted interest deduction rules mandated by secondary EU law?
Debate: The Advocate General’s Opinion in Commission v. Ireland and Apple
Authors: Daly Stephen
Published: June 2024

In a surprising opinion handed down in November 2023, Advocate General Pitruzzella agreed with the European Commission that Apple was given unlawful State aid by Ireland. The Advocate General recommended that the European Court of Justice uphold the Commission’s two central grounds of appeal. This note will look at each in turn, highlighting how the Advocate General fails to properly apply previous case law, to sense the general mood around the application of the state aid rules to tax administration, and to account for the (overinclusive) consequences of his approach. As a result, it is highly unlikely that the European Court of Justice will agree with the Advocate General.
UN MTC Article 15: Reconciling the Global North’s ‘Digital Nomad’ With the Global South’s ‘Digital Freelancer’: Will the Rising Tide Lift All Boats?
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Ashfaq , Nazir Hira , Haider Mustafa
Published: June 2024

The United Nations Model Tax Convention (UN MTC) much like the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Model Tax Convention (OECD MTC) deals with taxation of cross-border employment incomes. While the OECD MTC professedly promotes economic interests of advanced Global North states, the UN MTC intends to protect fiscal interests of developing countries lying in the Global South. Article 15, unlike most other provisions of the two MTCs, had a rather smooth sail until the turn of the century when digitalization began to very rapidly grip the world economy. In an effort to grasp the digitalization-induced disruption in the application of UN MTC Article 15, a romantic prototype of ‘digital nomad’ was contrived by Global North scholars to denote remote working of various shades with an ostensible intent to attempt the decadesold allocation of taxing rights between the source and residence states. This article posits that the concept of ‘digital nomad’ only pertains to the Global North, and it is completely alien to the developing countries. It further argues that the Global South’s competing challenge is the ‘digital freelancer’ that has not yet been allowed to realize its full potential due to countermeasures introduced in Global North states. Unlike the digital nomad who moves freely across borders without any visa restrictions exercising services remotely for an employer(s) based in distant lands, a digital freelancer is permanently ‘caged’ inside his own (developing) country and renders services for his employer(s) located elsewhere in the world – majorly due to visa restrictions. It is premised that the digital nomad and digital freelancer being intrinsically distinct phenomena from each other pose varying challenges to the different tax administrations of the Global North and Global South. This contribution aspires to seminally conceptualize and sharpen that distinction and focus on the latter. The objective is to emphatically project the Global South’s perspective on Article 15s operability in a digitalized world and reset its international tax agenda for engaging with the Global North on more equitable terms.
The WTO After MC12: Negotiating multilateral trade in a time of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine
Authors: Wilkinson Rorden , Scott James
Published: June 2024

This article offers a full-length examination of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) held in Geneva between 12–17 June 2022. Its purpose is to assess critically the processes and outcomes of meeting and explore their significance for the future of multilateral trade and the WTO. The article begins with an exploration of the context in which MC12 took place, focusing on the role and effect of a series of geopolitical crises – including COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine – and enduring internal challenges, particularly in dispute settlement and the negotiating function. It then examines the dynamics of the conference before turning to each of the principal areas under negotiation during the meeting. Here the focus is on fisheries, e-commerce, agriculture, and the Trade Related Intellectual Property (TRIPs) waiver. Our argument is that although the outcome of the meeting represents something of a success – particularly in forging an agreement tackling harmful fisheries subsidies – significant challenges remain that threaten the long-term relevance of the organization and its capacity to deliver on its core mandate.
The EU’s Proposed Anti-coercion Instrument: Legality and Effectiveness
Authors: Wu Chien-Huei
Published: June 2024

The close integration of the world economy and global interdependence has introduced an opportunity for a foreign nation to interfere in the sovereign choices of a state through trade and investment restrictions. Economic coercion has been on an upward spiral and is painfully felt around the globe. The EU’s Anti-Coercion Instrument is an attempt to address this. Originally designed as an instrument to address the restrictive measures adopted by the Trump administration, the Instrument turned out to be a strong tool by which to respond to China’s economic coercion, stemming from Vilnius’ decision to accept Taiwan’s representative office. The European Commission tried to balance legality and effectiveness and decided to limit the definitional scope of economic coercion to that targeting the Union or its Member States, but the legality and effectiveness of the Proposed Regulation are not unproblematic. In an era in which trade is being weaponized, normative power or civilian power does not help the EU to advance. The critical point here is how the EU can present a credible threat and withstand harm, as the pain from economic harm will first be felt by European economic operators and subsequently by European leaders.
Exploring Dichotomy in India’s Agricultural Export Policy
Authors: Singh Ram
Published: June 2024

In an endeavour to achieve enhanced agricultural export, India implemented the Agricultural Export Policy 2018 to augment its overall efforts toward agricultural export promotion. The Agricultural Export Policy ambitiously aims to double India’s exports by 2022. Moreover, the policy lists down the key objectives and provides a roadmap for overcoming strategic and operational challenges for agricultural export promotion. Meanwhile, India’s agricultural products have witnessed an increased spate of export restrictions. In 2022, citing domestic concerns on food availability, price affordability amid rising inflation, lower domestic output, increased consumption, and speculative trading, India restricted exports of rice, wheat, and sugar, thereby diverting some of them toward alternate uses. Export restrictions have compromised India’s ability to emerge as a reliable supplier to the world and have undermined the obligations to the agreed trade rules and policies. Accordingly, this study helps us understand the key motivations for such export restrictions, types of instruments used and examined at policy and practical levels, the rationale for such export restrictions. Furthermore, the study comprehensively and empirically examines incidence-based policy interventions and supplements it with specific cases. The findings indicate that the reasons cited by policymakers with regard to export restrictions hold little ground. The study suggests an action plan to eliminate dichotomy in India’s Agricultural Export Policy so that India can emerge as a reliable supplier of agricultural products in the world.
From Effect to Behaviour: Regulating State-Owned Enterprises as Competitors in Trade Agreements
Authors: Su Xueji
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the attempt to curb state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has resulted in dedicated rules in trade agreements. This paper reveals significant paradigm shifts in cross-border SOE regulation by exploring the emerging SOE rules and contrasting them with SOE disciplines in World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. First, the emerging SOE rules shift the emphasis from regulating trade measures to the competitive behaviour of SOEs. More importantly, the emerging SOE rules are characterized by excessive focus on behaviour analysis and a per se approach. Under a per se approach, a violation of the emerging SOE rules could be established regardless of whether the behaviour of an SOE caused a harmful trade or competition effect. Finally, in light of SOE reform in China, the article contends that the emerging SOE rules’ behaviour analysis deviate cross-border SOE regulation from its primary goal of levelling the playing field.
The UK Ban of TikTok: Legality and Interplay With International Trade Law
Authors: Du Jing , Ren Qiang
Published: June 2024

The ban of TikTok by the UK government raises concerns about the intersection of national security concerns and international trade law. While negotiations between the UK government and ByteDance may lead to an agreement that addresses the concerns raised, resorting to dispute settlement mechanisms provided by the World Trade Organization (WTO) may be necessary. The ban on TikTok may be seen as a violation of key principles and agreements of international trade law, including the principle of national treatment and the GATS. The ban also raises concerns about intellectual property rights and the future of international trade law. As technology continues to advance, it will be important for countries to strike a balance between national security concerns and international trade obligations.
Trade Facilitation Agreement’s Impact on the Business Sector After Five Years of Its Validity: Evidence from Czech Companies
Authors: Keder Kristián , Řezanková Hana , Hinčica Vít
Published: June 2024

The paper inquires about the actual impact of the trade facilitation agreement (TFA) on the business sector after the first five years of the validity of this agreement. A sample of fifty-four Czech companies that have long-term experience with trading across EU borders evaluated the current level of difficulty of customs clearance procedures they consider during their business operations with third countries, the perceived changes in these procedures throughout 2017– 2022, and the frequency of the occurrence of the selected eleven phenomena companies typically face during export and import customs clearance. Several indications or conclusions can be drawn from the paper. First, the results of the survey suggest that both export and import customs clearance in the EU are not generally considered to be too complicated by the surveyed companies. Second, companies conducting both exportation and importation register no change or a slight improvement in customs clearance procedures in the first five years of the validity of the TFA whereas importers-only and exporters-only seem to support the idea that no change or a slight deterioration of customs clearance procedures took place in the observed period. In the case of the change in import customs clearance, the difference between answers of universal traders and importers-only is statistically significant. For all three types of companies, the most frequent obstacle in both import clearance and export clearance is excessive bureaucracy.
Article: What Is (Not) a WTO Safeguard Measure?
Authors: Yilmaz Müslüm
Published: June 2024

The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement does not contain a definition for a safeguard measure, nor does it prescribe the particular form that such a measure has to take. Recent dispute settlement reports have explored some aspects of this issue. Two conclusions reached in those reports are explained in this article. First, a WTO safeguard measure is one that is adopted following WTO and/or domestic rules and procedures on safeguard measures. A measure adopted pursuant to a provision of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994) other than its Article XIX or pursuant to a WTO Agreement other than the Agreement on Safeguards (SG Agreement) may not be considered a WTO safeguard measure. Second, a WTO safeguard measure withdraws or modifies a tariff concession or suspends another GATT obligation. A measure that lacks these constitutive elements of a safeguard measure may not be considered a WTO safeguard measure.
Article: Subsidy-Related Aspects of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
Authors: Mehling Michael , Jakob Michael
Published: June 2024

With the introduction of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the European Union (EU) hopes to avert greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions leakage by extending the domestic carbon price to imports of certain goods covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Leakage can also affect exports, however, when European goods lose market share abroad and are substituted by more emissions-intensive goods from third countries. Despite concern about this potential leakage channel, the CBAM does not make any provision for exports and merely requests the European Commission to monitor, periodically report on and if necessary respond to the risk of export-related leakage. This article evaluates the potential for export-related leakage in the context of the CBAM, and discusses different options to address such leakage. In doing so, it also explores the implications of recent efforts to increase support for industrial decarbonization in Europe as a reaction to extensive subsidies introduced under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in the United States, as well as the evolving role of international trade law and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Article: Ensuring State Owned Enterprise Commercial Considerations under GATT, CPTPP, and JEEPA
Authors: Sato Sakuya (Yoshida)
Published: June 2024

The GATT regulates state trading enterprises by imposing the commercial considerations requirement, which has been incorporated with some modifications into the chapters on state-owned enterprises ( State Owned Enterprises) of free trade agreements (FTAs) and economic partnership agreement (EPAs). This requirement has significance as an underlying principle disciplining State Owned Enterprises even against recent issues, such as distortions in competition due to competitive advantages or overcapacity and oversupply backed by privileges not normally available to private companies. Indeed, State Owned Enterprises discipline should differ depending on whether they pursue certain policy objectives as governments do or fiscal revenue as private companies do, and the regulatory approach to recent problems varies accordingly. The commercial considerations requirement prohibits mixing these objectives, thereby dictating the discipline to which each State Owned Enterprise is subject. In this light, the commercial considerations requirement in the GATT is narrow in scope, and invites the challenging question of whether to cover State Owned Enterprises performing governmental functions and, if so, how to devise effective and acceptable institutional guarantees to ensure compliance. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and Japan-EU EPA (JEEPA) appear to attempt to address these issues; however, their effectiveness is open to question, as certain State Owned Enterprises are neither subject to the commercial considerations requirement nor regulated as entities pursuing policy objectives under these agreements.
Article: Africa’s LDC Trade: Harnessing the Variable Geometry of the AfCFTA and Beyond
Authors: Páez Laura
Published: June 2024

This paper looks at the issue of African Least Developed Countries (LDC) as it pertains to trade. It discusses elements relating to their trade performance and the special and differential treatment (SDT) these countries have been receiving in the multilateral setting, and more recently in the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It takes a look at elements of variable geometry (i.e., allowing these countries sufficient flexibilities to integrate at their own speed, without missing out on the benefits of increased trade under a ‘Single Undertaking’ of the AfCFTA. The paper also discusses preferences under the World Trade Organization and its Doha Round that have targeted African LDCs and compares these with those of the AfCFTA. It further discusses what role these experiences could play in the realization of the AfCFTA that is responsive to the variable geometry of the African continent, and more importantly how to strategically position and capitalize from the AfCFTA through the agenda setting of international fora.This paper looks at the issue of African Least Developed Countries (LDC) as it pertains to trade. It discusses elements relating to their trade performance and the special and differential treatment (SDT) these countries have been receiving in the multilateral setting, and more recently in the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It takes a look at elements of variable geometry (i.e., allowing these countries sufficient flexibilities to integrate at their own speed, without missing out on the benefits of increased trade under a ‘Single Undertaking’ of the AfCFTA. The paper also discusses preferences under the World Trade Organization and its Doha Round that have targeted African LDCs and compares these with those of the AfCFTA. It further discusses what role these experiences could play in the realization of the AfCFTA that is responsive to the variable geometry of the African continent, and more importantly how to strategically position and capitalize from the AfCFTA through the agenda setting of international fora.
Climate Technology, Trade, and IPRs: New Rules for Global Needs
Authors: Deane Felicity , Hurst Zoe
Published: June 2024

The climate emergency means that technology transfer is not just desirable, it is a pivotal requirement to achieve mitigation to limit warming to less than 2° Celsius and to adapt to the changes this will bring about. It is also crucial to support a just transition. Genuine and rapid technology transfer to developing countries will require legal impediments to be removed, which arguably may compromise the current requirements of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Within this article, we consider the argument to suspend intellectual property protections provided by the Agreement Related to Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). The argument we make is that this debate provides a distraction from more important concerns to support the transfer of climate change mitigation technologies. This is because genuine technology transfer requires financial, technical, and intellectual support from both developing and developed countries. This obligation falls particularly on developed countries. The argumentative thread in this article underscores that the TRIPS Agreement requirements are not prohibitive in and of themselves, at least when the official text is considered. Despite the agreement being struck to promote property rights, the provisions contained therein do not pose a barrier to technology transfer. Indeed, a waiver of IPRs may have perverse impacts on technology transfer needed for urgent climate change mitigation.
Border Checks and Regional Economic Integration. Curious Examples from and Around the EU
Authors: Gáspár-Szilágyi Szilárd
Published: June 2024

The idea for this article is born out of teaching EU law and preferential trade law in a post- Brexit UK. The article has several aims. First, it challenges the ‘standard model’ of regional economic integration by presenting five case studies from and around the EU. Secondly, it provides analytical clarity for concepts such as ‘free’ trade, regional integration, and border checks. The article argues that ‘free’ trade should not be confused and equated with ‘frictionless’ or ‘borderless trade’. Thirdly, the article is meant to be a teaching aid for those who teach regional economic integration, preferential trade, and EU-UK relations post-Brexit. Finally, the article answers a very simple question: what exactly is checked at a country’s border? In addition to the most up-to-date information gathered from primary legal texts, government reports, academic writings, and the websites of various border agencies, the information is crosschecked by conducting conversations with traders, joining a Facebook group for lorry drivers, as well as sending inquiries to and receiving answers from Norwegian Customs, the Romanian Customs Authority, and the Belfast Border Force Team.
Digital Ecosystems in the Wake of a Legislative/Regulatory Turmoil: A First (Tentative) Antitrust Assessment of the Italian (and European) Experience in the AGCM Case Law
Authors: M.F. Faraone Nicola , Falce Valeria
Published: June 2024

Ecosystems are central to contemporary competition law debate, in particular in digital markets. Over the past few months, the EU Commission has launched several initiatives, such as the AI Regulation and the Digital Markets Act (DMA), in the attempt to induce faster changes in business conducts compared to competition law proceedings by avoiding the numerous lengthy stages and the lack of flexibility of such enforcement. The current initiatives at EU level and the proactive legislative approach adopted by various Member States have the merit to (at least try to) codify general ex ante rules inspired, largely, by specific competition law proceedings and, then, clarify the emerging notion of digital ecosystems. This article considers the meaning and the scope of this recurring concept by reviewing all the relevant legislative and policy-related initiatives adopted by the EU Commission and the Member States. It then shows the outcome of the recent proceedings concluded by the Italian Competition Authority (‘AGCM’) concerning the role of ecosystems in the current digital landscape. Against this background, this article argues that it will be difficult to reconcile this ever-growing national trend, in terms of parallel competition proceedings (with record-fines) and legislative proposals/amendments regarding the digital gatekeepers, with the EU Commission’s ‘legislative train’ aimed at regulating the EU digital markets.
Reflections and Musings from My First Year as Chairperson of a Young Competition Authority
Authors: Aguinaldo Michael G.
Published: June 2024

When the Philippines passed into law its competition act in 2015, it was one of the last countries to enact such law in the region. Its competition authority was formed a year later. Eight years since, and the Philippine Competition Commission’s (PCCs) implementation of the law remains an uphill climb. As a new set of leadership took the helm of the Commission, its chairperson outlines reflections, musings, and lessons learned in heading a young agency one year in.
Sub-threshold Transactions under EU Merger Control – an Analysis of the Relevant EU Guidance and a Comparison With Certain Other ‘Call-in’ Systems
Authors: McCarthy Alan
Published: June 2024

The EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) provides the European Commission with exclusive jurisdiction to assess mergers, acquisitions and full-function joint ventures with an EU dimension on the basis of turnover-based thresholds. The EUMR also contains corrective mechanisms allowing the Commission, under certain circumstances, to review smaller transactions. Until recently, these corrective measures have not been frequently applied but the picture is changing. The Commission believes that market developments (particularly in digital and pharma markets) are resulting in more acquisitions of companies that play or may play a significant competitive role in the EU despite generating little or no turnover. Similar considerations may apply to companies with valuable assets, intellectual property rights, data or infrastructure. This article analyses the development in the Commission’s guidance instruments which look to give merging parties a sense of the circumstances in which smaller deals may be referred by Member States to the Commission for EUMR assessment (mindful though that these developments may yet be checked by the EU's highest court). Legislation has also been evolving at the Member State level (e.g., recently in Ireland) to allow national competition authorities to review sub-threshold deals. This article also provides a comparison of the EU system with certain other non-EU ‘callin’ systems and which reflects that merging parties have an increasingly complex merger control picture to navigate in 2024 and beyond before they can safely implement deals (such as in digital and pharma deals).
‘(Not So) Elementary, My Dear Watson’: A Competition Law & Economics Analysis of Sherlocking
Authors: Colangelo Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Sherlocking refers to an online platform’s use of non-public third-party business data to improve its own business decisions, for instance by mimicking successful products and services of edge providers. Such a strategy emerges as a form of self-preferencing and, together with other hypotheses on preferential access to data, it has been targeted by some policy makers and competition authorities because of the competitive risks originating from the dual role played by hybrid platforms. The paper investigates the competitive implications of sherlocking, maintaining that an outright ban is unjustified. Firstly, the paper shows that, by aiming to ensure platform neutrality, such a prohibition would cover two scenarios (i.e., the use of non-public third-party business data to calibrate business decisions in general, rather than to adopt a pure copycat strategy) that should be analysed separately. Indeed, in these scenarios sherlocking may affect different forms of competition (inter-platform v. intra-platform competition). Secondly, the paper argues that, in both cases, the anticompetitive effects of the practice are questionable and that the ban is fundamentally driven by the bias towards hybrid and vertical integrated players.
OS IMPACTOS DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Pacheco Rafael Durant , Ribeiro Marcos Aurélio Teixeira , Silva Ana Paula da , Furlan Liliana Marques Andrade , Ataliba Victor Brandão , Sherrer Jaqueline Costa , Leite Lauzidete de Oliveira , Marinho Patrícia Dias da Costa , Silva Valéria Aparecida Pereira da , Brandão Luziane de Lucca Garcia
Published: June 2024

Este estudo explora os impactos da inteligência artificial (IA) na sala de aula, destacando sua evolução e potencial transformador na educação. Na educação, a IA tem o potencial de revolucionar o ensino e a aprendizagem, oferecendo novas ferramentas para personalização do ensino, avaliação de desempenho e acessibilidade. Essas mudanças refletem os avanços tecnológicos e atendem à crescente demanda por métodos educativos mais eficazes e inclusivos. A integração da IA na educação amplia as possibilidades de interação e adaptação do ensino às necessidades individuais dos estudantes, promovendo equidade e melhorando as oportunidades de aprendizado para todos, independentemente de suas condições físicas, linguísticas ou cognitivas. O objetivo é analisar os impactos da IA na educação, focando nas vantagens, importância e formas de utilização dessas tecnologias, além de discutir desafios éticos e práticos. A metodologia adotada foi a revisão bibliográfica, examinando artigos científicos, livros e outras fontes acadêmicas relevantes. A análise revelou que a IA oferece diversas vantagens, como personalização do ensino e inclusão de alunos com necessidades especiais, através de ferramentas como softwares de reconhecimento de fala e tradução automática. No entanto, a implementação da IA na educação enfrenta desafios significativos, como a necessidade de formação adequada dos professores e investimento em infraestrutura tecnológica. Questões éticas e de privacidade também devem ser consideradas para garantir uma implementação transparente e segura.
ASPECTOS INFERENCIAIS SOBRE A PRIMEIRA ONDA DA PANDEMIA DE COVID NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DE SOBREVIDA
Authors: Hoffmann-Santos Hugo Dias , Montanha Solange de Morais , Silva Ageo Mário Cândido da , Silvestre Grasiela Cristina Silva Botelho , Ferreira Alexsander Pippus , Sogiro Graziela Schroeder , Bezerra Gustavo Palaro Albano , Montanha Luana Honda
Published: June 2024

Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, apresenta sintomas relacionados à síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS), que apresentou um crescimento exponencial e disseminada para o mundo, sendo declarada como pandemia no ano de 2020. Objetivo: Estimar os fatores preditivos de sobrevida em indivíduos com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Uma coorte retrospectiva realizada com casos de COVID-19 do sistema de vigilância de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) do DATASUS entre os dias de 02 de março e 30 de junho de 2020. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo software Stata v. 13.0, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A amostra foi de 6.150 sendo o risco de óbito maior acima de 60 anos, com menor escolaridade, residente na zona rural, com doenças neurológicas ou hipertensão arterial concomitantes, com saturação de O2 menor que 95%, com uso de UTI, uso de suporte ventilatório e hospitalização com menos de 5 dias após início dos sintomas. Conclusão: Os dados deste estudo poderão contribuir para uma melhora dos serviços de saúde, abrangendo a vigilância em saúde, gestão/planejamento dos serviços dos pacientes portadores da COVID-19.
Personality and Education in the Context of Modern Socio-Cultural Challenges: Values, Worldview and Scientific and Methodological Aspects.
Authors: Vysotska O.E.
Published: June 2024

The collection of conference materials is devoted to the coverage of topical issues of philosophical and humanitarian knowledge in the context of determining the socio-cultural challenges of our time and ways to overcome them through education; philosophical, methodological and cultural foundations of the formation of scientific and methodological potential of modern education; value and worldview aspects of personality development in the context of the introduction of educational technologies; disclosure of the role of social and humanitarian disciplines in the system of higher education; formation of the spiritual and value sphere of the individual, spiritual security and mental health of Ukrainian society in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war; scientific and methodological support for the introduction of modern educational technologies; methodological culture and professional competencies of the teacher of the New Ukrainian School.
The authors analyze the tools of personal development by means of philosophical, spiritual, value, and cultural education. The main aspects of the influence of the information and cultural space on the formation of the personality of teachers and students of different ages in modern historical conditions are determined. The conditions for the formation of the basic value and worldview system by modern means of education are outlined.
The publication is recommended for research and teaching staff of higher and postgraduate education, heads of secondary and preschool education institutions, methodological services, educators, teachers, doctoral students, postgraduates, and students.
Modelling Past Tsunamis in European Waters
Authors: Periañez Raúl , Abril José María , Cortés Carmen
Published: June 2024

A research model to simulate the propagation of tsunamis caused by diﬀerent mechanisms was developed in this paper. These mechanisms are submarine earthquakes, landslides and collapse of volcano calderas. The model is based upon the non-linear shallow-water hydrodynamic equations with horizontal viscosity and friction with the seabed. It also includes a ﬂooding/drying algorithm. This model was tested by applying it to several past tsunamis and comparisons of results with available data and/or other models. The objective of this paper is to present a summary on the application of the model to historical tsunamis occurred in European waters: Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Caspian Sea. Additionally, two application examples on how the research model can be used to confront diﬀerent candidate tsunami sources and to discard scenarios of catastrophic ﬂoodings initially attributed to tsunamis presented: the Santorini tsunami sequence and the ﬂooding of the Gulf of Tartessos in SW Spain.
Total Information in Multivariate Data from Dual Scaling Perspectives
Authors: Nishisato Shizuhiko
Published: June 2024

It is an established matter that the total information in multivariate data is defined as the sum of eigenvalues of the variance-covariance matrix. In this article I challenge this time-honored tradition and look at another definition of the total information in data from a dual scaling perspective. This proposal is a step toward unifying the concept of information for both discrete and continuous variables.
The Effects of Examinee Motivation on Multiple-Choice Item Parameter Estimates
Authors: Van Barneveld Christina
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of false assumption regarding the motivation of examinees on item calibration and test construction. A simulation study was conducted using data generated using two models of item responses (the 3-parameter logistic item response model alone, and in combination with Wise's Examinee Persistence model (1996a)). Items were calibrated using a Bayesian method. Results clearly document the effect of low motivation on item parameter estimates. For the conditions studied, the item parameter estimates based on responses from poorly motivated examinees were biased and more variable than estimates based on responses from examinees who behaved according to the three-parameter logistic model.
Multicultural Education in Canadian Preservice Programs: Teacher Candidates' Perspectives
Authors: Mujawamariya Donatille , Mahrouse Gada
Published: June 2024

This report examines Canadian teacher candidates' perspectives on the multicultural education component of the preservice teacher education program they attend. The data analyze were collected through a questionnaire that set out to explore whether teacher candidates were satisfied with the multicultural education preparation they received and their ideas on how it might be improved. We present the findings in two parts. First we consider the teacher candidates' critiques and suggestions on multicultural education to reveal that the majority of respondents did not feel adequately prepared to the challenge teaching in ethno-racially diverse classrooms. Their responses point to specific programmatic and structural shortcomings of current multicultural curricula in Canadian teacher education programs. They suggest ways to improve the multicultural education curriculum including compulsory courses, more diversity among faculty and teacher candidates in the program, and an integrative approach across the teacher education curriculum. We then analyze the discourses embedded in their responses to examine how multicultural education is being understood by teacher candidates. Here we show that common understandings are often articulated through the paradigm of difference, through which the problems and the solutions are believed to be about the Other. We argue that these understandings promote rather than disrupt practices that sustain white hegemony. The article concludes with a discussion of the practical implications.
Interns' and Cooperating Teachers' Concerns Dining the Extended Practicum
Authors: Ralph Edwin G.
Published: June 2024

This study examined teacher interns' and their classroom cooperating teachers' concerns about the extended practicum both before and after their completion of the 16-week program. Respondents completed pre- and post-internship surveys identifying their initial concerns about the internship and the subsequent alleviation of these concerns (or the emergence of others). All the respondents reported that some of their initial apprehensions were alleviated by the end of the internship, but nearly all also stated that some concerns remained and that some new concerns had emerged. The teacher interns all reported having developed specific professional strengths during the internship. Evidence supporting some of Fuller and Bown's (1975) three-stage concern theory was found. Implications of these findings are drawn for enhancing the effectiveness of extended practicum programs.
BHOO-MI – BHOONIDHI META INTELLIGENCE
Authors:   Dept of CSE, PIEMR, Indore, RGPV Bhopal (M.P.), India, Verma Dr. Charu Vaibhav
Published: June 2024

Presently satellite data products are supplied to the users in various formats and with required meta data associated to it. In general, this Meta data contains the latitude/longitude information of the area covered. The utilization of satellite imagery in diverse fields necessities efficient methods to add value to the core images. In this research work, we designed a comprehensive methodology to design a system which provides the intelligence to the basic data product by adding various geographic features over that area. Both natural and manmade geographic features were considered in study. The features include post offices, monuments, airports, museums, hospitals, educational institutes (NITs & IITs) etc. All these features are extracted and preserved as a centralized repository/database. Leveraging a combination of Python programming, web scraping techniques, and advanced geospatial libraries such as Geopandas and Shapely, our system undertakes a multi-step approach. Initially, the system reads the metadata of the satellite image to obtain corner latitude and longitude coordinates. Then the system identifies and extracts relevant feature data. These feature’s meta information is then compiled into a shapefile, providing a comprehensive overview of the features present within the satellite image. This shapefile serves as a valuable resource for further analysis and decision- making in applications such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster response. Keywords: GIS, Intelligent Satellite Image, Satellite-Image, Data-Preprocessing in Band Data, Point-Data, Geospatial libraries
From Placement Data to Actionable Insights: A Case Study for Improving Placement Outcomes at Institute
Authors:   Training and Placement Officer, DIEMS, Chh. Sambhajinagar and Vice President-Marathwada Region Maharashtra Association of Training and placement ( MaTPO), Mali Amar
Published: June 2024

This case study investigates placement trends at Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies (DIEMS) from 2013-14 to 2023-24, focusing on Computer Science and Engineering (CSE), Mechanical Engineering (MECH), Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (ECE), Civil Engineering (CE), and Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs. The study analyzes placement data, including the number of students placed, salary packages offered, and observations from a provided pie chart showcasing placements for 2023-24. Keywords: Placement trends, employability, curriculum alignment, industry demands, salary packages, courses
Sign Detection Model for the Deaf People using Deep Learning
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SJJTU, Rajasthan,, Patil Amruta V.
Published: June 2024

Sign detection is a crucial task in various computer vision applications, including autonomous driving, robotics, and augmented reality. This paper proposes a novel sign detection model based on deep learning techniques. The proposed model leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically learn discriminative features from sign images, enabling robust detection performance across diverse environmental conditions. Keywords: sign detection, deep learning, convolution neural networks, computer vision, autonomous driving, robotics, augmented reality.
Understanding the Impact of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and Social Validation in Millennial Consumer Buying Behaviour for Luxury Apparel in Pune: An Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Approach
Authors:   Student, Indira School of Business Studies PGDM, Pune, Puri Vedant
Published: June 2024

Generation Y and generation Z are the key players in the luxury apparel market, driven by their digital proficiency, quest for unique experiences and mindful consumption habits. This research examines consumer behaviour in the luxury apparel market, with a particular focus on individuals aged 21–30 in Pune, India. The study aims to discover the factors that influence their purchase decisions, with particular emphasis on fear of FOMO and social validation as key motivations. The research is guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which examines internal and external motivations that guide consumer choices. Primary data will be collected using qualitative techniques including interviews, focus groups and observations. The study aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice by providing practical insights for luxury brands based on marketing strategies, product development initiatives and brand positioning according to the preferences and values ​​of Generation Y and Generation Z consumers. Keywords: Consumer Behaviour, Luxury, Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), Social Validation.
Automated Visual Generation using GAN with Textual Information Feeds
Authors: Mathew Sibi
Published: June 2024

Visualising textual content could be helpful to pro- fessionals as well as amateurs across several fields. However, training a text-to-image generator in the mainstream domain requires large amounts of paired text-image and data, which is too expensive to collect since labeling millions of images and videos can be tiresome. GANs like StackGAN and StyleGAN can be considered as solutions to generate images from text. But the images generated may be of low accuracy and resolution, and the entire processing can be highly time-consuming. Moreover, image generation is a notion that is still being researched. Hence, the process of developing a Video Generation model necessitates substantial research. Despite the need for such a model, modern technology has lagged behind the solutions to this problem. This proposal suggests combining two methods, Text modification for Action Definition (TexAD) and SeQuential Image Generation for Video Synthesis (SQIGen). The proposed solution synthesises a sequence of images from textual information feeds and combines these images to create a video. TexAD uses Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning techniques to process, classify and modify text data. SQIGen is an extension of the VQGAN+CLIP neural network architecture that generates a sequence of images from the modified text data. Index Terms—Visualization, Sequential Image Generation, GANs, Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning, TexAD, VQGAN+CLIP