bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex-Based Variations in the Clinical Manifestations, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19 in Baghdad, Iraq, 2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Ali Nameer A , Lami Faris
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

A higher incidence of COVID-19 in males has been widely reported. However, whether clinical manifestations, comorbidities, severity, and outcomes differ between males and females remains an area of active investigation.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to compare the clinical features, comorbidities, severity, and outcomes between male and female patients with COVID-19 from Baghdad, Iraq, in 2020.

METHODS

We performed a records-based cross-sectional study by extracting sociodemographic, clinical manifestation, severity, and outcome data from the records of patients with COVID-19 admitted to 2 COVID-19 hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, between June and August 2020.

RESULTS

We reviewed a total of 2111 patient records with a history of COVID-19, and 1175 (55.7%) patients were males. We found that respiratory symptoms, sore throat, and gastrointestinal manifestations were significantly more common among females. In contrast, males had significantly more “other” manifestations. No significant difference was noted for fever, nasal congestion, conjunctival congestion, headache, and musculoskeletal manifestations. Generally, female patients had a significantly higher proportion of comorbidities than males (42.7% vs 36%; P=.002). The proportion of severe and critical cases was not different between males and females. The mean time from diagnosis to the outcome was significantly longer in females (P=.03), but the duration of the hospital stay was not significantly different between males and females. Finally, the case fatality ratio was higher in males (16.1%) than in females (13.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Sex affects the clinical course and outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Male patients may need more attention, considering the higher case fatality ratio.
Reported Adverse Events Following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Jordan (Preprint)
Authors: Shoubaki Areej Hamed , Aqel Ashraf , Yacoub Mahmoud , Asad Majed
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The expediency in producing and approving vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. Regrettably, this fomented public distrust and misinformation about vaccination. The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine was the first to be approved for mass use after phase 3 clinical trials affirmed its safety and efficacy. Vaccine safety monitoring is ongoing.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe reported adverse events following immunization with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among first recipients in Jordan.

METHODS

A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on data extracted from the Ministry of Health’s database for the National Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from January to May 2021. The frequency of adverse events was compared between the first and second doses and across age groups, gender, and comorbidities. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.

RESULTS

In total 1874 individuals who received both doses of the vaccine were studied. The mean age was 68 years, with a 2:1 male to female ratio and 73% with comorbidities. About two-thirds (68%) of recipients reported side effects after the first dose, 54.3% after the second, and 53.3% after both. Most common side effects following each and both doses were pain at the injection site (32%), fatigue (16%), and headache (8%), followed by fever, myalgia, and arthralgia. Overall, reported side effects increased 1.4 times after the second dose mostly for systemic side effects. Significantly, more females reported side effects than males, while those with comorbidities reported comparatively fewer side effects (52.2%) than the medically free (59%). Further, 72.5% of recipients aged 55 years or younger reported side effects compared to 50% of older recipients. No anaphylactic reactions were reported. Severe side effects were rare and self-limiting, including tachycardia (n=4), shortness of breath (n=28), and lower limb paresthesia (n=6).

CONCLUSIONS

The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has proven to be safe and well tolerated among vulnerable recipients with comorbidities. Continuous adverse event surveillance and follow-up are recommended.
Evaluation of the Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System From 2016 to 2020: A Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abu Failat Suhaib , Qasem Nabil , Asad Majed , Iblan Ibrahim , Aqel Ashraf
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance played a major role in the global eradication of polio. The World Health Organization adopted this method to monitor the progress toward poliomyelitis eradication. The Expanded Program of Immunization in Jordan has routinely collected acute flaccid paralysis data since 1999, which then attained a polio-free certification. Yet, because of wars in neighboring countries such as Syria and Iraq, there is a risk of polio outbreaks occurring.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Jordan from 2016 to 2020 and identify areas for improvement.

METHODS

This was a retrospective descriptive study that used data from the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Jordan between January 2016 and December 2020. The World Health Organization standard indicators were used to evaluate the performance of the surveillance system.

RESULTS

A total of 483 cases of nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis were reported. Most of them (n=478, 99%) were younger than 15 years, and among those, 55.6% were younger than 5 years, and 58% were male. At the national level, the surveillance achieved all the World Health Organization indicators throughout the evaluating period, except for two indicators: the proportion of stool specimens from which nonpolio enterovirus was isolated in 2016 and 2017, and the nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis detection rate per 100,000 of the population younger than 15 years in 2020. At a subnational level (governorates level), the proportion of stool specimens from which nonpolio enterovirus was isolated, as an indicator, was not achieved most of the time. This was frequently observed in each of all evaluation years of 2016 to 2020. Moreover, most indicators were not achieved at the governorate level in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

There are some gaps that need improvement in the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Jordan, especially at the governorate level. The lower performance during 2020 could have been caused by the COVID-19 crisis and the lockdown during the pandemic. Similar challenges are possible in the future and proper preparation is required.
Public Health Workers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19: The Impact of the Field Epidemiology Training Program in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Preprint)
Authors: Sami Sahar , Lami Faris , Rashak Hiba Abdulrahman , Al Nsour Mohannad , Eid Alaa , Khader Yousef , Afifi Sr Salma , Elfadul Maisa , Ghaleb Yasser , Letaief Hajer , Ben Alaya Nissaf , Ikram Aamer , Akhtar Hashaam , Barkia Sr Abdelaziz , Taha Hana Ahmad , Adam Reema , Islam Saeed Sr Khwaja Mir , Almudarra Sami , Hassany Mohamed , Abu El Sood Hanaa , ur Rahman Fazal , Saaed Falah Abdul-kader , Hlaiwah Mohammed Sameer
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Globally, there is a growing need for public health professionals skilled in preventing and responding to the surge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This is particularly important to the Eastern Mediterranean countries that are facing emergencies in addition to the increased public health risks of unprecedented scale during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health professionals are instrumental in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of detecting and monitoring new cases, conducting investigations, tracing contacts, ensuring patients are being tested, applying isolation and quarantine protocols, providing up-to-date information, educating the community, and producing statistics and models to track disease progression.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 between public health workers (PHWs) that attended the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP trained) and those who did not attend FETP (non-FETP trained).

METHODS

A multicountry cross-sectional survey was conducted among PHWs who participated in the COVID-19 pandemic in 10 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. An online questionnaire that included demographic information and KAP regarding the COVID-19 pandemic was distributed among PHWs. The scoring system was used to quantify the answers; bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare FETP-trained with non-FETP–trained PHWs.

RESULTS

Overall, 1337 PHWs participated, with 835 (62.4%) <40 years of age and 851 (63.6%) male participants. Of them, 423 (31.6%) were FETP trained, including 189 (44.7%) at an advanced level, 155 (36.6%) at an intermediate level, and 79 (18.7%) had basic level training. Compared to non-FETP–trained participants, FETP-trained participants were older and had higher KAP scores. FETP participation was low in infection control and public health laboratories. KAP mean scores for intermediate-level attendees were comparable to the advanced level.

CONCLUSIONS

FETP-trained participants had better KAP than non-FETP–trained PHWs. Expanding the intermediate level, maintaining the rapid response training, and introducing the laboratory component are recommended to maximize the benefit from the FETP. Infection control, antimicrobial resistance, and coordination are areas where training should be included.
Evaluation of the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elsahel District, Cairo Governorate, Egypt, 2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Girgis Neven , Elnahry Wessam , Afifi Salma , El Shourbagy Sahar , Abu Elsood Hanaa , Eid Alaa
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The Egypt National Disease Surveillance is a routine system established in 2002. The system electronically reports on 41 infectious diseases including COVID-19. Reporting sites include all Egyptian governorates, districts, governmental infectious disease hospitals, and primary health units. Surveillance is essential during the pandemic to detect cases early, describe the epidemiology of health problems, guide priority setting, and plan and evaluate public health policy and strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the surveillance system during the pandemic to assess its effectiveness in achieving its objectives and to find and fill the gaps.

METHODS

The evaluation was performed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the qualitative attributes including simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability through interviewing surveillance teams at the central level, health directorate, and Sahel district. Quantitative attributes, including completeness, timeliness, and predictive positive value, were performed using COVID-19 surveillance data of Sahel district in March-December 2020. Data were assessed for completeness and accuracy. The usefulness of surveillance was assessed in terms of achieving its objectives and use of data.

RESULTS

Of 33 respondents, 90% thought that the system was simple, and 77% thought it was acceptable; work overload reduced the acceptability rate. The system is funded by the Ministry of Health and Population and was operational 53% of the time due to connectivity problems. The system was flexible when adapting to include COVID-19 in a short time with minimal cost. It is quite representative, as it covers 60% of the population. Completeness was 82%, positive value predictive was 58%, and data validity was 86%. The median duration between patient admissions and reporting was 2.7 days.

CONCLUSIONS

The evaluation of the Egypt COVID-19 surveillance system indicated that the system partly achieved its objectives in the area of simplicity and flexibility with adequate data quality. There is a need to improve acceptability and timeliness through increasing manpower and to enhance stability through effective connectivity. Expansion of the system to cover all of the Egyptian population is recommended to improve representativeness.
Bacterial Contamination of Intensive Care Units, Sana’a City, Yemen, 2019 (Preprint)
Authors: Al Amad Mohammed , Al Shargabi Intesar Abdulsalam , Nasher Samar , Al-Haidari Sami Ahmed , Al-Dubaiee Riham , Moghalles Suaad Ameen , Al Moayad Khaled Abdullah
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Bacterial contamination of the intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the risk factors responsible for the high incidence of nosocomial infections that can significantly increase the mortality among ICU patients.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination and pathogen isolates from the ICU environment of hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen.

METHODS

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in Sana’a city hospitals from December 5 to December 15, 2019. All hospitals that frequently reported mortality among ICU patients were included. A sterile swab moistened in sterile normal saline was used for sample collection. Seven ICU sites were targeted, including the patient’s bed, bedside table, masks of the oxygen-supplying apparatus, intravenous (IV) stand, door knob, wall, and floor, and two samples from each site were collected. The samples were transported to the National Center of Public Health Laboratory for microbiological culture.

RESULTS

A total of 112 swabs were collected from the ICUs of eight hospitals. Among these, 87 (77.7%) yielded positive bacterial growth and 109 bacterial strains were isolated, including 62.4% (n=68) gram-positive and 37.6% (n=41) gram-negative bacteria. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were the predominant gram-positive bacteria isolated, which accounted for 27.5% (n=30), 21.1% (n=23), and 10.1% (n=11) of all 109 bacterial isolates, respectively. Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, and Acinetobacter were the main gram-negative isolates obtained, accounting for 12.8% (n=14), 12.8% (n=14), and 11.9% (n=13) of all 109 bacterial isolates, respectively. The common contaminated sites were the patients’ beds/bedside tables (40/109 strains, 36.7%), floors (24/109 strains, 22.0%), walls (15/109 strains, 13.8%), and masks of the oxygen-supplying apparatus (12/109 strains, 11.0%). The door knobs and IV stands were contaminated by 9 strains, representing 8.3% of the total isolated bacteria.

CONCLUSIONS

The contamination of ICU environments was high and patients’ surroundings were the most contaminated areas. Implementations of strict quality standards of hygienic practices and effective cleaning of inanimate surfaces by the hospitals’ infection control units along with periodic monitoring by the health authority are highly recommended.
Building Resilient Hospital Information Technology Services: Lessons in Ambidextrous CIO Leadership During COVID-19 in the United States and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Preprint)
Authors: Cousins Karlene , Hertelendy Attila , Chen Min , Durneva Polina , Wang Shangjun
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic required an unprecedented response by hospital information technology (IT) functions to provide information technology solutions to quickly drive the digital transformation of hospitals and health care systems to support high quality health care while adhering to and supporting contagion management protocols.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to understand whether health care information technology leaders (who we refer to broadly as Chief Information Officers (CIOs)) were ready for the COVID-19 pandemic, how they lead their IT departments through the pandemic, and how the CIO leadership practices lead to resilient hospital IT functions.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative, interview-based study to purposefully sample CIOs in hospitals. We interviewed 16 CIOs from hospitals and health systems in the United States and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. We used in-depth interviews to capture their perspectives of the preparedness of hospitals’ information technology departments for the pandemic and how they lead their IT department out of the pandemic. We employed a thematic analysis of interview transcripts with NVivo to facilitate analysis through the inductive coding of the transcripts.

RESULTS

Results showed that healthcare CIOs were ambidextrous IT leaders who supported their organizations by simultaneously and rapidly improving existing digital business practices and creating innovative IT solutions. Further, CIOs exhibited various leadership styles which helped their healthcare organizations to respond in various ways to the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

Most healthcare CIOs exhibited an ambidextrous leadership style which enabled them to pivot quickly to respond to the pandemic. Ambidextrous IT leadership involved exploiting existing IT resources as well as exploring and innovating for continuous growth. Strategically building an agile and resilient IT function over time capable of responding to crisis such as a pandemic involved multi-faceted leadership practices. Measures of IT function resiliency focused on six IT perspectives: leadership, financial performance, learning, growth and innovation, stakeholders’ satisfaction, regulatory compliance, and operational excellence.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
On Public Sentiments Towards COVID–19 Vaccines in South African Cities: An Analysis of Twitter Posts. (Preprint)
Authors: Ogbuokiri Blessing , Ahmadi Ali , Bragazzi Nicola , Nia Zahra , Mellado Bruce , Wu Jianhong , Orbinski James , Asgary Ali , Kong Jude
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

While vaccination against the coronavirus (COVID–19) lasts, Twitter has become one of the social media platforms used to generate discussions about the COVID–19 vaccination. These types of discussions most times lead to a compromise of public confidence towards the vaccine. The text-based data generated by these discussions are used by researchers to extract topics and perform sentiment analysis on provincial, country, or continent level without considering the local communities.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to use geoclustering of Twitter posts to inform city-level variations in sentiments toward COVID–19 vaccine-related topics in the three largest South African cities (Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg).

METHODS

We generated a dataset and processed (n=25,000) COVID–19 vaccine-related tweets in South Africa from January 2021 to August 2021 using the academic researcher Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) with keywords like vaccine, vaccination, AstraZeneca, Oxford-AstraZeneca, VaccineToSaveSouthAfrica, JohnsonJohnson, and pfizer. Tweets were mapped with their geolocation. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used to identify frequently discussed topics across the cities. Senti- ments (negative, neutral, and positive) scores were assigned using the Valence Aware Dictionary with Support Vector Machine classification algorithm.

RESULTS

The number of new COVID–19 cases significantly positively correlated with the number of Tweets in South Africa (Corr=0.462, P<.001). Out of the 10 topics identified from the tweets, 2 were about the COVID–19 vaccines: uptake and supply, respectively. The intensity of the sentiments score for the two topics was associated with the total number of vaccines administered in South Africa (P<.001). Discussions regarding the two topics showed higher intensity scores for neutral sentiment class (P=.015) than for other sentiment classes. Additionally, the intensity of the discussions for the two topics was associated with the total number of vaccines administered, new cases, deaths, and recoveries across the three cities (P<.001). The sentiment score for the most discussed topic, vaccine uptake, differed across the three cities, with (P=.003), (P=.002), and (P<.001) for positive, negative, and neutral sentiments classes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The outcome of this research showed that geolocation clustering of Twitter posts can be used to better analyze the sentiments towards COVID–19 vaccines at the local level. This can provide additional city–level information to health policy and decision-making regarding COVID–19 vaccine hesitancy.
Метастатичний тричі негативний рак молочної залози: глухий кут чи перманентний стимул наукового пошуку в клінічній онкології? (Наукове есе)
Authors: Hlovatska K.D.
Published: February 2022

Рак молочної залози залишається одним із найпоширеніших у світі злоякісних новоутворень у жінок як у розвинутих країнах, так і в країнах, що розвиваються. Згідно з даними Globocan у 2020 році, кількість випадків захворювання на рак молочної залози становить 11,7% від усіх випадків діагностування онкозахворювань. В Україні найвищий показник захворюваності (27,6%) та смертності (25,5%) від раку молочної залози серед жінок припадає на вік 30–54 роки, тобто на найбільш соціально активний період життя. Метастатичний рак молочної залози є узагальненим терміном для широкої групи захворювань зі спільним механізмом виникнення, але з вираженим різноманіттям у гістології, біології та клінічній картині. Сучасне лікування гормонпозитивного раку та HER2/neu-позитивного субтипу призводить до тривалого контролю над хворобою та значного покращення показників безрецидивної та загальної виживаності. Проте 10–15% становить тричі негативний субтип, що традиційно характеризується агресивним перебігом, несприятливим прогнозом та дефіцитом мішеней для таргетної терапії. Отже, актуальним питанням лишається пошук нових мішеней, які можливо оцінити, та їх практичне застосування у лікуванні раку молочної залози.
Propuesta didáctica del programa integral de español y cultura
Authors: Goundareva Irina , Ventoso Mora María Jesús
Published: February 2022

Este artículo recoge el origen y la elaboración del Programa de Español y Cultura (PEC) creado por la UNAM-canadá. El proyecto nace con la intención de desarrollar un programa acorde a las necesidades de su alumnado y a las propias inquietudes de la UNAM-canadá de ofrecer un plan educativo propio y coherente con sus principios culturales como institución. El Programa Integral de Español y Cultura (PEC) está basado en el método comunicativo y el enfoque por tareas (Consejo de Europa, 2002; Council of Europe, 2020; Caws, 2021; Ellis, 2003; Estaire, 2011; Willis y Willis, 2007), así como en el modelo metodológico de aula invertida (Bergmann y Sams, 2012), y su aplicación en línea (Hamilton, 2018; Plesec Gasparic, 2017; Tawil, 2018). El programa establece con detalle actividades y tareas para el desarrollo de las habilidades oral, escrita, comprensión auditiva y lectora, siempre con el eje rector de la cultura. Este trabajo ofrece la propuesta didáctica de un programa de español en línea para adultos extranjeros que buscan profundizar en la lengua española y tener un amplio conocimiento de las culturas en los países de habla hispana, a través de la práctica de las cuatro habilidades de la lengua y de la cultura, mediante un trabajo autónomo y reflexivo.
Jorge Federico Márquez Muñoz / Andrea Montserrat Palacios Soto / Arturo Sánchez Navarro (ilustrador) (2020), Elecciones 2018: una interpretación desde la Teoría Mimética, México, UNAM
Authors: Cruz Petit Bruno
Published: February 2022

Mímesis y sacrificio en la política mexicana
Litertature Survey for Digital Transformation of Academic Activities Using Web Development
Authors: Abhijith B
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This project presents a web interface for organising training and placement information. The goal of this project is to create a system that can be used by a college's placement cell and To automate the training and placement process . It's the most important programme. Students utilise this to help them prepare for their placements. It contains company information for numerous companies, and users can search for recruitment processes, profiles. This facility is available to students for future enhancement. The documents supplied can be downloaded and used for offline preparation for the placement exam. In addition, there are job interview tips included and also questions for preparing aptitude and technical interview. This project uses Java server page on the front end, and Servelet on the back end, and MY SQL for the database. The goal is to create a system that includes functionality for doing placement-related actions. It is built using a fully modular architecture. The modularity of the system. Education and training Any educational institute's placement department is critical. Which the majority of the work has been done manually up to this point. The project will involve the least amount of manual labour and the most amount of technology. Optimisation, abstraction, and security are all factors to consider. This is a web page application that will benefit both students and teacher administration authority to undertake out all activities in the this division. The system is a web-based programme that may be accessed by anyone in the DSCE(Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering) organisation with a valid login. This system can be used as a starting point. TPO (Training and Placement Officers) application in order for the college to manage the student information in relation to placement. Students who are logging in should be able to fill in the blanks. Form for registering This project's most distinguishing aspect is that it is a collaborative effort. Registration is only required once. The application gives you the option of keeping track of the kids' information It also comes with a list of prospects was asked to recruit pupils based on specified search term When administrator logs in, he or she can search for anything. The students' information is displayed. Colleges will benefit from this endeavour.to put full-fledged IT implementation into effect This will also be beneficial. The Proctorial System is designed to guide students through their academic and professional journeys. A proctor, who is a faculty member from the concerned/relevant department, is assigned to each undergraduate student. The proctor monitors the student’s performance and behaviour, offering guidance and enforcing discipline when needed. The student and proctor meet regularly to assess the student’s academic progress with regard to performance, registration for credits, and attendance. The same is also reported to the student’s parents/guardians.
A Review on Evolution of various CAPTCHA in the field of Web Security
Authors: Umar Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Abstract: CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) which is a security challenge through which human and bots intervention can be measured. It is a type of turing test through which programmed intervention can be detected by it behavior or solving the problem. There are various CAPTCHA problems available such as distorted string, picture recognition, audio, math and gaming CAPTCHA. Game based problem is interactive and highly secured as compare to the other CAPTCHA. In this kind of CAPTCHA user has to solve an AI problem either by drag & drop method or click based, depending on the game. The paper is intended to review various implemented CAPTCHA and compare their weakness and security parameters. Many of the CAPTCHAs are based on click based methods where user has to identify the pictures as per its appearance and click accordingly. But this kind of CAPTCHA can be intervened by image processing techniques such as object classifier. Dragging an object to the target area is an effective way but it has to be performed or solved by an intellectual problem. If dragging an object to the target area by object recognition then system may get cracked by relay attacks. Keywords: CAPTCHA, Web Security, Game, Picture Recognition, Math CATPCHA, Image Processing, Relay Attack.
Las empresas ante la web 2.0
Authors: Lasida Felipe
Published: February 2022

Webs institucionales, redes sociales, blogs, campañas virales y transacciones online , son algunas de las posibilidades de desarrollo que tienen las empresas con Internet. ¿Qué uso le dan a la red los empresarios uruguayos? ¿Qué expectativas tienen en torno a la herramienta? ¿La comunicación digital está sustituyendo los canales tradicionales? El siguiente artículo responde estas y otras preguntas, a partir de los resultados de la investigación El uso de Internet en la comunicación de las empresas con sus clientes , realizada en Uruguay en el año 2008.
Imágenes vivas sobre fotos fijas. Fotograma: Encuentro Internacional de Fotografía 2009
Authors: Dixit Redacción
Published: February 2022

Desde el primer día de octubre y hasta el 22 de diciembre, tuvo lugar en nuestro país la segunda edición de Fotograma, el Encuentro Internacional de Fotografía que organiza cada dos años el Centro Municipal de Fotografía (CMDF) de la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo (IMM).
Ilustración de Raquel Orzuj.
Authors: Orzuj Raquel
Published: February 2022

Montevideo, Uruguay. Artista, pintora, dibujante de humor, caricaturista e historietista. También realiza crítica e investigación de arte y arte de humor.
Pensamiento Aleatorio y Resolución de problemas en la Educación Básica Secundaria. Normativa Curricular. Una Mirada Histórica
Authors: Gómez Velasco Nubia Yaneth , Beltrán Castañeda Diana Carolina
Published: February 2022

Bajo la premisa declarada por la Unesco, en la que constituye a la educación como la base firme sobre la cual se ha de edificar el progreso económico y social de un país (Martínez Boom, Noguera R. y Castro, 1988), en Colombia la Educación se concibe como un proceso constante de formación personal, cultural, social e integral del ser humano con sus derechos y deberes (Ministerio de Educación Nacional, 2020). En el ámbito educativo institucional, el currículo se estima como el conjunto de conocimientos que un estudiante debe adquirir para conseguir un determinado título académico (Oxford Léxico, 2020) y, en este contexto, Colombia ha experimentado la transformación de criterios en descripción y aplicación curricular para las instituciones educativas, en torno a situaciones sociales, políticas, económicas y demográficas del país. Este artículo, ilustra una mirada histórica en materia curricular colombiana, con especial atención al desarrollo normativo del Pensamiento Aleatorio y la Resolución de Problemas en la Educación Básica Secundaria. Mediante una investigación cualitativa de tipo documental exploratorio, se concibe a la Historia como parte fundamental en el proceso de formación de la educación en Colombia.
MODEL TATA KELOLA PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA (PKL) DI KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Lubis Tona Aurora , . Erwita , Sarah Raja
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to reveal the  governance of street vendors, based on the street vendors’ profiles namely finance, marketing, human resource and operational management in Jambi City. Those indicators will later be formulated to be a comprehensif model of street vendors governance. This research used mixed method, firstly used sequential exploratory designthen qualitative and quantitative method. In qualitative method, this research uses Interpretive Phenomenology, and Partial Least Square (PLS) for the quantitative method. The result of this research shows that the finance, marketing and human resource management have effect on street vendors governance, however, operational management has no effect.Keywords:    street vendors, governance, finance, marketing, human resource, operational
Human Rights and the 1980 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Søndergaard Rasmus Sinding
Published: February 2022

Due to dramatic developments in international affairs and the starkly diverging foreign policy visions of the two candidates, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, foreign policy occupied a usually prominent role in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. A central component of the foreign policy debate was the appropriate role for human rights concerns in American foreign relations. Nevertheless, neither historians of U.S. presidential elections nor historians of human rights have devoted much attention to the issue. This article represents the first comprehensive study of the role of human rights in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. First, it examines the role of human rights in the foreign policy visions of the presidential candidates, focusing especially on Reagan’s criticism of Carter’s human rights policy. Second, it assesses the impact the issue of human rights had on the 1980 election and the way the 1980 election shaped the role of human rights in U.S. foreign policy.
Presidential Rhetoric and Power in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Dypedahl Magne
Published: February 2022

This article explores some of the developments of rhetorical leadership over the past century, focusing particularly on the modern presidency, commonly understood as beginning withFranklin D. Roosevelt. The first research question is whether Richard Neustadt’s (1960) seminal book Presidential Power is still valid as a thesis of presidential power in light of the concept of the rhetorical presidency, which became a dominant approach to presidential studies in the 1980s. Although the strategy of “going public” is used increasingly in presidential leadership, the conclusion of this article is that Neustadt’s bargaining theory, or the strategy of “going Washington”, is still valid when it comes to the relationship between the president and Congress, provided popular rhetoric is integrated into a bargaining perspective. The second research question is how the State of the Union Addresses have changed during the course of the modern presidency. This includes an analysis of selected State of the Union Addresses between 1934 and 2020. On the basis of some linguistic features and rhetorical techniques (the use of pronouns, the opening address and the acknowledgment of invited guests) they are considered to illustrate the change of presidential rhetoric into what may seem like a permanent campaign.
Julia Nitz's Belles and Poets: Intertextuality in the Civil War Diaries of White Southern Women
Authors: Juncker Clara
Published: February 2022

-
Resilience in Times of Need
Authors: Holmqvist Jytte
Published: February 2022

In these transformative times of interrupted lives, humanity has had to take a step back and subject its frantic, rushed existence to a profound analytical glance. The COVID pandemic has caused millions to suffer and the elderly are more vulnerable than ever; moreover, many families are left to mourn alone, not always able to gather around their departed loved ones at the time of grief. This has led many to believe that humanity has lost control of its environment and its destiny. Yet, if recent predictions by sociologists come true, the current, seemingly never-ending pandemic might have some positive results. The anguish it causes may be, in fact, teaching us to appreciate the value of the natural world that we are depleting, to understand “the other”, and to recognise the planet-saving significance of the phrase “less is more”. And while the world’s populations slowly realise that their social environment has changed permanently, the pandemic’s beneficial upshot might be that people will be mindful of things beyond their immediate concerns and will begin to see the “bigger picture”. In view of the speculative disarray inherent to our present condition, this paper proposes existentialism as a system of thought with the intrinsic power to guide individual and social awareness; it thus analyses our present in an interpretive and pragmatic light while it draws on the existentialist theories of Søren Kierkegaard and Simone de Beauvoir. Both philosophers are querying and inquisitive and both timelessly relevant, sensible and direct about what they see is at the core of human existence.
Jeet Thayil’s Narcopolis: A Testimony to Life in the Margins
Authors: Daniel Subin T. , Mishra Binod
Published: February 2022

Jeet Thayil’s Narcopolis focuses an expository spotlight on the marginalized voices that proliferate in large metropolises and that have been, to a large extent, imperceptible to mainstream academe. Thayil depicts the history of a section of Bombay’s underbelly that was an important nerve center in the drug business before the city’s name change to Mumbai. Although the great variety of drugs described in the novel helps set the overall tone, its diagnostic focus is on the people and on the motives behind their particular life choices. Thayil presents the haunting reality of the life of marginalized and oppressed individuals through the use of raw, grotesque imagery. Given Thayil’s approach to his subject, this paper aims to analyze Narcopolis’ composition and characters with the objective of locating Bakhtinian tropes of carnivalesque and grotesque realism. Another point of inquiry is Thayil’s use of an experimental language that mixes words from diverse vernaculars spoken in Bombay, a practice that adds a charge of authenticity to the narrative’s realist complexion. With Thayil’s debut novel becoming a voice for the voiceless, this paper explores his rendition of how people survive in the margins, largely concealed from critical scrutiny.
Optimal Control for a Tuberculosis Model with Exogenous Reinfection under the Influence of Stigma
Authors: Liguarda Remilou , Bock Wolfgang , Caga-anan Randy
Published: February 2022

Often described as the world’s most deadly infectious disease,
Tuberculosis remains a serious health threat in many parts of the world,
especially in the developing countries. One of the social barriers
hindering TB patients to seek and complete medical attention is
stigmatization. In this study, we incorporated stigmatization on a model
published by Feng et al. last 2000. We obtained the basic reproduction
number and showed conditions where multiple endemic equilibrium will
exist depending on a reinfection threshold. The model predicted a
significant increase in the basic reproduction number as the level of
stigmatization increases. We used optimal control theory to investigate
the effect of controls to combat stigmatization and compare these
controls with the usual controls such as improving treatment and
minimizing reinfection. Simulations show that although stigmatization
controls are helpful, they are not enough to successfully control the
disease. A combination of all the controls will be ideal and some
optimal rates of doing it over time are given, depending on the
perceived cost of implementation.
GoogleTrends as a patient therapeutic education resource on extracorporeal life support: What do patients want to know?
Authors: Aleman Rene , Patel Sinal , Frieder Joel S. , Navia Jose , Sheffield Cedric , Brozzi Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is
implemented as a rescue therapy in COVID-19 related acute distress
respiratory syndrome (ARDS) and refractory hypoxemia. Google trends (GT)
is an ongoing-developing web-kit providing feedback on specific
population’s interests. This study uses GT to analyze the United States
(US) general population interest in ECMO as COVD-19/ARDS salvage
therapy. Methods GT was used to access data searched for the
term ECMO and COVID-19. The gathered information included
data from March 2020 through July 2021 within US territories. Search
frequency, time intervals, sub-regions, frequent topics of interest, and
related searches were analyzed. Data was reported as search frequency on
means, and a value of 100 represented overall peak popularity.
Results The number of Google searches related to the terms
ECMO and COVID-19 has surged and sustained interest over
time ever since the initial reports of COVID-19 in the US, from an
initial mean of 34% in March 2020 to a 100% interest by April 2020,
resulting in an up-to-date overall average of 40% interest. Over time
West Virginia, Gainesville, and Houston, lead the frequency of searches
in sub-region, metro and city areas, respectively. Top search terms by
frequency include: ECMO machine, COVID ECMO, what is ECMO, ECMO
treatment and VVECMO. Parallel to this, the related
rising terms are: COVID ECMO, ECMO machine COVID, ECMO for COVID,
ECMO machine coronavirus, and ECMO vs ventilator. Seemingly,
medical-relevant websites fail to adequately address these for patient
therapeutic education (PTE) purposes. Conclusions GT
complements the understanding of interest in ECMO for COVID-19. When
properly interpreted, the use of these trends can potentially improve on
PTE and therapy awareness via specific medical relevant websites.
Multidimensional Cybersecurity Framework for Strategic Foresight
Authors: Onwubiko Cyril , Ouazzane Karim
Published: February 2022

Cybersecurity is now at the forefront of most organisations’ digital transformative agendas and National economic, social and political programmes. Hence its impact to society can no longer be seen to be one dimensional. The rise in National cybersecurity laws and regulations is a good indicator of its perceived importance to nations. And the recent awakening for social and ethical transparency in society and coupled with sustainability issues demonstrate the need for a paradigm shift in how cybersecurity discourses can now happen. In response to this shift, a multidimensional cybersecurity framework for strategic foresight underpinned on situational awareness is proposed. The conceptual cybersecurity framework comprising six domains – Physical, Cultural, Economic, Social, Political and Cyber – is discussed. The guiding principles underpinning the framework are outlined, followed by in-depth reflection on the Business, Operational, Technological and Human (BOTH) factors and their implications for strategic foresight for cybersecurity.
Curbing Theft and Mutilation of Library Resources in Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors:   The library, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo &  Department of Business Administration and Management, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria, Edom Eunice Uchechi , Onuegbu Remigius Chinedu
Published: February 2022

This study investigated The Role of Information & Communication Technology (I.C.T) In Curbing Theft and Mutilation of Library Resources in Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo. A total of 221 users' population made up of 41 staff and 180 library users were obtained through random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and direct observation method. The result showed that the major cause of mutilation and theft of library information materials is lack of adequate security network as 61 % opined that users hide library materials inside their bags and files. The result also showed that reference materials are the most frequently affected as 43% of the users attested even though all library materials are vulnerable to mutilation and theft. In other to prevent mutilation and theft of library resource, 60% are of the opinion that there should be electronically devices; security guards and attendants at the main entrance of the Polytechnic Library and 33% suggested that offenders should be handed over to the library committee for disciplinary action. The researcher therefore recommended as a way to alleviate this ugly situation that there is the need for a good and strong electronic security system, multiple copies of library materials, photocopying machines, user education programs and adequate financial support from government for effective management of information resource in the Polytechnic Library. Keywords: Mutilation, Theft, Library Resources, ICT, Imo state Polytechnic.
Phytoremediation potential of Pteridium aquilinum and the toxicity of Nickel on Clarias gariepinus juvenile
Authors:   1Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Delta State, Nigeria., laifa Flora. E , Ewutanure Somorhire J.
Published: February 2022

A laboratory experiment was carried out to assess the phytoremediation potential of Pteridium aquilinum and the toxicity of nickel on C. gariepinus juvenile in six treatments (TWP0, TWP1, TWP2, TWP3, TWP4, TWP5) each having two replicates in static renewable bioassay for 21 days. Pteridium aquilinum was harvested between 6 – 8 am within the University of Ibadan to ensure they did not dry up before reaching the laboratory. The ferns along with the soil around their roots were placed in five plastic basins of 100 L water – holding capacity with each containing 80 L of water in the laboratory for 7 days to allow the soil to gradually detach from their roots. Rhizomes having 3 – 5 newly grown shoots were carefully transferred into each of the 12 glass aquaria containing the solution of the toxicant with concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 0 mg/L Nickel, respectively. Ten juvenile of C. gariepinus per replicate were introduced into the test solution and the experiment was monitored for 21 days, while the fish were fed to satiation. The test solution was renewed, while water, plant, fish and blood samples were collected every 7 days for analyses according to standard procedures. Water, blood, plant and fish samples were analysed for Temperature (oC), Dissolved Oxygen, DO (mg/L); Packed Cell Volume (PCV, %), Red Blood Cells (RBC, 106 mm-3); Aspartate Transaminase (AST, IU.L-1), Alanine Transaminase (ALT, IU.L-1) and Nickel (mg.L-1). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Significantly highest (27.5±2.23) and least (24.53±4.23) Temperature, DO (4.56±0.91, 3.01±0.61), PCV (25.70±0.40, 9.53±0.50) and RBC (14.00±0.11, 6.74±0.43) were obtained in TWP1 and TWP0, while highest (38.54±0.50) and least (10.02±1.01) AST and ALT (66.54±1.50, 14.54±0.16) were recorded in TWP1 and TWP0, respectively. Mean Nickel concentration in Water ranged from < 0.01 to 0.21±0.01, Plant (< 0.01, 0.42±0.01) and Fish (0.02±0.01, 0.29±0.01) in TWP0 and TWP1 in the order plant > fish > water. Due to the exposure of C. gariepinus juvenile to Nickel toxicity, it survival was threatened because of an increased level of ALT. Nickel concentration in water was lower in water compared with its levels in P.aquilinum and fish. Keywords: Phytoremediation, Nickel toxicity, Toxicology, Contaminant, Blood biochemistry.
Serbian orthodox church municipality in Trieste in Yugoslav-Italian relations 1954-1971
Authors: Misic Sasa
Published: February 2022

The paper analyzes the role of the Serbian Orthodox Church Municipality in
Trieste (SOCM) in Yugoslav-Italian relations in the period from the signing
of the London Memorandum in 1954 to the early 1970s. In that period, the
SOCM president Dragoljub Vurdelja, an anti-communist and an opponent of
socialist Yugoslavia, had a decisive role. Yugoslavia perceived the SOCM
under Vurdelja?s leadership as a center of anti-Yugoslav propaganda, so it
sought to take control over this church community. To that end, Yugoslavia
raised this issue in its relations with Italy and used all available
diplomatic means to persuade this country to remove Vurdelja from Trieste.
However, the improvement in relations between the SOCM and Yugoslavia began
only after Dragoljub Vurdelja died in 1971.
New exact solutions of some non-linear evolution equations via functional variable method
Authors: Elma Berfin , Misirli Emine
Published: February 2022

Recently, many successful methods have been developed to achieve analytical
solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. In this study, some
new exact solutions of the non-linear coupled Klein- Gordon system and
non-linear modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation have been obtained by
using functional variable method (FVM). Additionally, all solutions have
been examined and three dimensional graphics of the obtained solutions have
been drawn by using the Mathematica program. These equations have been used
in various fields such as plasma physics, biophysics, and fluid dynamics.
The main advantage of FVM is generate more solutions than other analytical
methods and therefore, FVM is an effective and powerful method to solve
evolution equations in engineering and mathematical physics.