bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An observational study of intensivists’ expectations and effects of fluid boluses in critically ill patients
Authors: Wall Olof , Cutuli Salvatore , Wilson Anthony , Eastwood Glenn , Lipka-Falck Adam , Törnberg Daniel , Bellomo Rinaldo , Cronhjort Maria
Published: March 2022

Background

Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is common in ICUs but whether it achieves the effects expected by intensivists remains uncertain. We aimed to describe intensivists’ expectations and compare them to the actual physiological effects.

Methods

We evaluated 77 patients in two ICUs (Sweden and Australia). We included patients prescribed a FBT ≥250 ml over ≤30 minutes. The intensivist completed a questionnaire on triggers for and expected responses to FBT. We compared expected with actual values at FBT completion and after one hour.

Results

Median bolus size (IQR) was 300 ml (250–500) given over a median (IQR) of 21 minutes (15–30 mins). Boluses were 57% Ringer´s Acetate and 43% albumin (40-50g/L). Hypotension was the most common trigger (47%), followed by oliguria (21%). During FBT, 55% of patients received noradrenaline and 38% propofol. Intensivists expected a median MAP increase of 2.6 mmHg (IQR: -3.1 to +6.8) at end of bolus and of 1.3 mmHg (-3.5 to + 4.1) after one hour. Intensivist´s’ expectations were judged to be accurate if they were within 5% above or below measured values. At FBT completion, 33% of MAP expectations were overestimations and 42% were underestimations. One hour later, 19% were overestimations and 43% were underestimations. Only 8% of expectations of measured urine output (UO) were accurate and 44% were overestimations. Correction for sedation or vasopressors did not modify these findings.

Conclusions

The physiological expectations of intensivists after FBT carried a high risk of both over and underestimation. Since the physiological effect FBT was often small and did not meet clinical expectations, a reassessment of its rationale, effect, duration, and role appears justified.
Design thinking teaching and learning in higher education: Experiences across four universities
Authors: McLaughlin Jacqueline E. , Chen Elizabeth , Lake Danielle , Guo Wen , Skywark Emily Rose , Chernik Aria , Liu Tsailu
Published: March 2022

A growing body of literature highlights the increasing demand on college graduates to possess the problem finding, problem framing, and problem-solving skills necessary to address complex real-world challenges. Design thinking (DT) is an iterative, human-centered approach to problem solving that synthesizes what is desirable, equitable, technologically feasible, and sustainable. As universities expand efforts to train students with DT mindsets and skills, we must assess faculty and student DT practices and outcomes to better understand DT course experiences. Understanding how DT is taught and experienced within higher education can help schools promote student learning and align their training programs with professional, personal, and civic needs. In this study, surveys were completed by 19 faculty and 196 students from 23 courses at four universities. DT teaching and learning was characterized by three DT practices and five outcomes. Statistically significant differences were found by discipline of study and student type (i.e., graduate vs undergraduate), but not by gender or race/ethnicity. These results can be used to inform the development of classroom-based DT teaching and learning strategies across higher education institutions and disciplines.
The health care utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure associated with Australian stroke survivors aged 55 and over
Authors: Sibbritt David , Hosseini Mahdie , Peng Wenbo , Bayes Jessica , Adams Jon
Published: March 2022

Objective

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. People with stroke have a number of options available to treat post-stroke related symptoms and challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the use of healthcare services, self-care practices and out-of-pocket expenses associated with post-stroke healthcare.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed data collected between April and October 2017 from a survey of 576 participants aged 55 to 96 from the 45 and Up Study, NSW (Australia), who had earlier reported a clinical diagnosis of stroke. Participants were asked about their use of health care services, including conventional medicine practitioners and medications, complementary medicine practitioners, practices and products and the respective associated out-of-pocket expenditure for each.

Results

Amongst the total of 576 individuals who participated in the study, 39% consulted a doctor, 18% consulted an allied health practitioner, and 8% consulted a complementary medicine practitioner in the previous year for their stroke. Participants’ average combined out-of-pocket expenditure for post-stroke related healthcare was AU$386.4 per annum. Extrapolated to all Australians with stroke, aged 55 years and over, the total out-of-pocket expenditure for post-stroke related healthcare is estimated to be AU$42 million per annum.

Conclusions

Post-stroke individuals used a wide range of health services and various self-care practices for stroke rehabilitation. Such healthcare utilisation is associated with significant annual out-of-pocket expenditure. Given the socioeconomic burden of stroke, further research is required to identify the barriers and facilitators of self-care among patients with stroke and explore the cost-effectiveness of the wide range of treatments(s) utilised for post-stroke care.
Prognostic value of CD155/TIGIT expression in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Murakami Daisuke , Matsuda Kenji , Iwamoto Hiromitsu , Mitani Yasuyuki , Mizumoto Yuki , Nakamura Yuki , Matsuzaki Ibu , Iwamoto Ryuta , Takahashi Yuichi , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Murata Shin-ichi , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The interaction of CD155 with its ligand, the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), is being studied owing to its potential to act as a target in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the relationship between CD155 and TIGIT in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis is not known. We hypothesized that the TIGIT–CD155 pathway suppresses the attack of T cells on tumors, thereby affecting CRC prognosis.

Methods

We examined the expression of CD155 and TIGIT using immunohistochemical staining in 100 consecutive patients with CRC who underwent complete resection of ≤Stage III tumors at Wakayama Medical University Hospital between January and December 2013. We assessed the correlation between CD155 and TIGIT expressions and prognosis as well as the clinicopathological background of CD155 and TIGIT.

Results

Patients with high CD155 and TIGIT expressions showed worse prognosis than those with other levels of expression (p = 0.026). In multivariate analysis that also included the existing prognostic markers, high CD155 and TIGIT expressions were identified as independent poor prognostic factors.

Conclusions

The interaction between CD155 and TIGIT possibly plays an important role in the immunological mechanism of CRC. Therefore, it may be possible to effectively predict the postoperative prognosis of CRC by evaluating the combined expression of CD155 and TIGIT. The study findings suggest that CD155 and TIGIT can predict clinical outcomes, thereby contributing to the personalized care of CRC.
A blockchain-based lightweight identity authentication scheme for the IEDs of security and stability control system
Authors: Li Zhaohan , Li June , Zhao Siyu , Chen Xiong , Feng Ke , Wang Wang
Published: March 2022

As an important part of the second defense line of the power system, the Security and Stability Control System (SSCS) is of great significance to ensure the reliable operation of the power system. However, SSCS still lacks an effective security mechanism and is easily accessed by attackers, thus posing a threat to the stable and reliable operation of the power system. To tackle this issue, we propose a blockchain-based identity authentication scheme for Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) of SSCS. We first propose an identity authentication system model for IEDs and design the deployment of consortium chain nodes on IEDs, with architectural characteristics of SSCS and the working scenario of IEDs taken into consideration. The consortium chain is used to store credentials required for authentication, ensuring that they are tamper-proof. We combine IP address, port number and physical ID, and propose the unique identification of IEDs, with a data structure designed for the identification. We also propose a lightweight identity authentication method based on renewable hash chains, with hash chains used as one-time authentication passwords, and introduce a renewal mechanism of hash chains. Further, the detailed processes of registration and authentication phase are designed. Finally, the security analysis shows that our identity authentication scheme can resist various attacks, and the feasibility of our scheme is verified by experiments.
Burden of oral cancer in Asia from 1990 to 2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Xie Long , Shang Zhengjun
Published: March 2022

Background

Oral cancer (OC) poses a threat to human health and imposes a heavy burden on countries. We assessed the burden imposed by OC on Asian nations from 1990 to 2019 based on gender and age.

Methods

We collected oral cancer data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019 in 45 Asian countries and territories. Annual case data and age-standardised rates (ASRs) were used to investigate the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of OC based on age and gender from 1990 to 2019 in 45 Asian countries and territories. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to assess incidence rate, mortality, and trends in DALYs.

Results

The age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of OC increased from 1990 to 2019 with an EAPC of 0.32 (95% CI, 0.19–0.46), and the age-standardised death rate of OC remained stable at an EAPC of 0.08 (95%CI, from -0.06 to 0.21). The age-standardised DALYs of OC decreased at an EAPC of -0.16 (95%CI, from -0.30 to -0.02). The proportion of patients older than 70 years increased yearly in terms of incidence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2019. Of the DALYs, smoking was the main contributor in the Asian regions, and the largest contributor to DALYs in most Asian regions. Other contributors were alcohol use and chewing tobacco.

Conclusion

Although the burden of OC was declining in Asia, South Asia remained the region with the highest burden. OC caused the greatest burden in Pakistan, Taiwan China, and India. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce the burden of oral cancer in high-risk regions and countries with attributable risk factors.
Low versus high dose anticoagulation in patients with Coronavirus 2019 pneumonia at the time of admission to critical care units: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in the Beaumont healthcare system
Authors: Al-Banaa Kadhim , Alshami Abbas , Elhouderi Eiman , Hannoodee Sally , Hannoodee Maryam , Al-Hillan Alsadiq , Alhasson Hussam , Musa Faisal , Varon Joseph , Einav Sharon
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Coagulopathy is common in patients with COVID-19. The ideal approach to anticoagulation remains under debate. There is a significant variability in existing protocols for anticoagulation, and these are mostly based on sporadic reports, small studies, and expert opinion.

Materials and methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between anticoagulation dose and inpatient mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) or step-down units (SDUs) of eight Beaumont Healthcare hospitals in Michigan, USA from March 10th to April 15th, 2020.

Results

Included were 578 patients with a median age of 64 years; among whom, 57.8% were males. Most patients (n = 447, 77.3%) received high dose and one in four (n = 131, 22.7%) received low dose anticoagulation. Overall mortality rate was 41.9% (n = 242). After adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, race, BMI, ferritin level at hospital admission, intubation, comorbidities, mSOFA, and Padua score), administration of high anticoagulation doses at the time of ICU/SDU admission was associated with decreased inpatient mortality (OR 0.564, 95% CI 0.333–0.953, p = 0.032) compared to low dose.

Conclusion

Treatment with high dose anticoagulation at the time of ICU/SDU admission was associated with decreased adjusted mortality among critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.
Comparison of parameters derived from a three-minute all-out test with classical benchmarks for running exercise
Authors: Sousa Filipe A. B. , Manchado-Gobatto Fúlvia B. , Rodrigues Natália A. , Gobatto Claudio A.
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to compare four constructs from the three-minute all-out test (AO3)–end power (EP), the area above EP (WEP), maximum power (Pmax), and attained V˙O2peak−to those derived from the classical CP model in tethered running. Seventeen male recreational runners underwent two experiments to test for reliability and agreement of AO3 parameters with those obtained from the classical CP model (Wꞌ and CP), a graded exercise test (V˙O2max) and a 30-second all-out test (AO30s; Pmax); all performed on a non-motorized treadmill (NMT). Significance levels were set at p<0.05. There were no significant differences between test-retest for Pmax (p = 0.51), WEP (p = 0.39), and EP (p = 0.64), showing generally close to zero bias. Further, retest ICC were high for Pmax and EP (ICC > 0.86) but moderate for WEP (ICC = 0.69). Pmax showed no difference between AO3 and AO30s (p = 0.18; CV% = 9.5%). EP and WEP disagreed largely with their classical critical power model counterparts (p = 0.05; CV%>32.7% and p = 0.23; CV%>39.7%, respectively), showing greater error than their test-retest reliability. V˙O2peak from AO3 was not different (p = 0.13) and well related (CV% = 8.4; ICC = 0.87) to the incremental test V˙O2max. Under the studied conditions, the agreement of EP and WEP to CP and Wꞌ was not strong enough to assure their use interchangeably. Pmax and V˙O2max were closer to their criterion parameters.
Genomics of human and chicken Salmonella isolates in Senegal: Broilers as a source of antimicrobial resistance and potentially invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis infections
Authors: Dieye Yakhya , Hull Dawn M. , Wane Abdoul Aziz , Harden Lyndy , Fall Cheikh , Sambe-Ba Bissoume , Seck Abdoulaye , Fedorka-Cray Paula J. , Thakur Siddhartha
Published: March 2022

Salmonella entericais the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide. It causes two types of diseases, a self-limiting gastroenteritis and an invasive, more threatening, infection.Salmonellagastroenteritis is caused by several serotypes and is common worldwide. In contrast, invasive salmonellosis is rare in high-income countries (HIC) while frequent in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Invasive NontyphoidalSalmonella(iNTS), corresponding to serotypes other than Typhi and Paratyphi, have emerged in sSA and pose a significant risk to public health. We conducted a whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis of 72 strains ofSalmonellaisolated from diarrheic human patients and chicken meat sold in multipurpose markets in Dakar, Senegal. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing combined with WGS data analysis revealed frequent resistance to fluoroquinolones and the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination that are among the most used treatments for invasiveSalmonella. In contrast, resistance to the historical first-line drugs chloramphenicol and ampicillin, and to cephalosporins was rare. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was lower in clinical isolates compared to chicken strains pointing to the concern posed by the excessive use of antimicrobials in farming. Phylogenetic analysis suggested possible transmission of the emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) Kentucky ST198 and serotype Schwarzengrund from chicken to human. These results stress the need for active surveillance ofSalmonellaand AMR in order to address invasive salmonellosis caused by nontyphoidalSalmonellastrains and other important bacterial diseases in sSA.
Perceived risk and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine: A survey among general public in Pakistan
Authors: Beg Bilal Mahmood , Hussain Tariq , Ahmad Mehmood , Areej Sadaf , Majeed Arfa , Rasheed Muhammad Adil , Ahmad Muhammad Moin , Shoaib Qurat-ul-Ain , Aroosa Sadaf
Published: March 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease has become a global pandemic, and it continues to wreak havoc on global health and the economy. The development of vaccines may offer a potential eradication of COVID-19. This study evaluated the general knowledge, attitude, and perception of COVID-19 vaccines in the Pakistani population.

Methods

A self-reporting e-survey and questionnaire-based survey from vaccination centers of different cities of Pakistan among 502 participants were conducted. The questionnaire comprised four sections inquiring demographics, vaccination status, and perception or attitude towards the vaccine. Univariate logistic regression was applied to predict the knowledge, attitude and behavior of participants.

Results

The mean age of participants was 50.8±20.3 years. 53% of the participants have both doses of vaccine administered. Pain on the site of injection (49.8%) was the most common symptom, followed by asthenia (43.0%), muscle pain (29.5%), and swelling (24.5%) on the site of vaccine administration. Females complain of more symptoms than males. More severe symptoms were reported after the first dose of vaccine administration; these symptoms subsided within a week for most participants. Overall, the respondents have a positive attitude towards the vaccine. 47.4% are sure about the vaccine’s efficacy, 48.6% said getting vaccinated was their own decision, and 79.9% also recommended others to get vaccinated.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the Pakistani population has a positive attitude but inadequate knowledge towards COVID-19 vaccines. Immediate awareness and vaccination education programs should be conducted by the authorities to complete the mass vaccination schedule.
Supplementation with dietary omega-3 PUFA mitigates fetal brain inflammation and mitochondrial damage caused by high doses of sodium nitrite in maternal rats
Authors: Sun Jingchi , Zhang Weishe
Published: March 2022

Objective

Food safety and nutrition during pregnancy are important concerns related to fetal brain development. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ω-3) on exogenous sodium nitrite intervention-induced fetal brain injury in pregnant rats.

Methods

During pregnancy, rats were exposed to water containing sodium nitrite (0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.25%) to establish a fetal rat brain injury model. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or flow cytometry. Subsequently, animals were divided into three groups: control, model, and 4% PUFA ω-3. Pregnancy outcomes were measured and recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to observe brain injury. ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were adopted to measure the levels of inflammatory factors, the NRF1/HMOX1 signaling pathway, and mitochondrial and oxidative stress damage.

Results

With the increase of sodium nitrite concentration, the inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels increased. Therefore, the high dose group was set as the model group for the following experiments. After PUFA ω-3 treatment, the fetal survival ratio, average body weight, and brain weight were elevated. The cells in the PUFA ω-3 group were more closely arranged and more round than the model. PUFA ω-3 treatment relieved inflammatory factors, oxidative stress levels, and mitochondria damage while increasing the indicators related to brain injury and NRF1/HMOX1 levels.

Conclusions

Sodium nitrite exposure during pregnancy could cause brain damage in fetal rats. PUFA ω-3 might help alleviate brain inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, possibly through the NRF1/HMOX1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, appropriately reducing sodium nitrite exposure and increasing PUFA omega-3 intake during pregnancy may benefit fetal brain development. These findings could further our understanding of nutrition and health during pregnancy.
Directionality of the injected current targeting the P20/N20 source determines the efficacy of 140 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)-induced aftereffects in the somatosensory cortex
Authors: Mohd Zulkifly Mohd Faizal , Lehr Albert , van de Velden Daniel , Khan Asad , Focke Niels K. , Wolters Carsten H. , Paulus Walter
Published: March 2022

Interindividual anatomical differences in the human cortex can lead to suboptimal current directions and may result in response variability of transcranial electrical stimulation methods. These differences in brain anatomy require individualized electrode stimulation montages to induce an optimal current density in the targeted area of each individual subject. We aimed to explore the possible modulatory effects of 140 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the somatosensory cortex using personalized multi-electrode stimulation montages. In two randomized experiments using either tactile finger or median nerve stimulation, we measured by evoked potentials the plasticity aftereffects and oscillatory power changes after 140 Hz tACS at 1.0 mA as compared to sham stimulation (n = 17, male = 9). We found a decrease in the power of oscillatory mu-rhythms during and immediately after tactile discrimination tasks, indicating an engagement of the somatosensory system during stimulus encoding. On a group level both the oscillatory power and the evoked potential amplitudes were not modulated by tACS neither after tactile finger stimulation nor after median nerve stimulation as compared to sham stimulation. On an individual level we could however demonstrate that lower angular difference (i.e., differences between the injected current vector in the target region and the source orientation vector) is associated with significantly higher changes in both P20/N20 and N30/P30 source activities. Our findings suggest that the higher the directionality of the injected current correlates to the dipole orientation the greater the tACS-induced aftereffects are.
Root exudation in a sloping Moso bamboo forest in relation to fine root biomass and traits
Authors: Kawakami Erika , Ataka Mioko , Kume Tomonori , Shimono Kohei , Harada Masayoshi , Hishi Takuo , Katayama Ayumi
Published: March 2022

Exudation by fine roots generally varies with their morphological traits, but the effect of belowground resource availability on the root exudation via root morphological traits and biomass remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of morphological and physiological traits on root exudation rates and to estimate stand-scale exudation (Estand) by measuring the mass, length, and surface area of fine roots in a Moso bamboo forest. We measured root exudation as well as morphological and physiological traits in upper and lower plots on a slope with different belowground resource availability. The mean (± S.D.) root exudation rates per mass in the upper and lower slope were 0.049 ± 0.047 and 0.040 ± 0.059 mg C g-1 h-1, respectively, which were in the range of exudation found in woody forest ecosystems. We observed significant relationships between root exudation per mass and root respiration, as well as specific root length and surface area. In contrast, exudation per length and area did not correlate with morphological traits. The morphological traits did not differ between slope positions, resulting in no significant difference in root exudation per mass. Fine root biomass, length, and surface area on a unit ground basis were much higher in the lower than those in the upper slope positions. Estand was higher when estimated by mass than by length and area because the morphological effect on exudation was ignored when scaled using mass. Estand was 1.4–2.0-fold higher in the lower than that in upper slope positions, suggesting that the scaling parameters of mass, length, and area determined the Estand estimate more than the exudation rate per mass, length, and area. Regardless of scaling, Estand was much higher in the Moso bamboo forest than in other forest ecosystems because of a large fine-root biomass.
Mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to acute disease caused by secondary infection with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rosas Mejia Oscar , Gloag Erin S. , Li Jianying , Ruane-Foster Marisa , Claeys Tiffany A. , Farkas Daniela , Wang Shu-Hua , Farkas Laszlo , Xin Gang , Robinson Richard T.
Published: March 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease. Although Mtb and CoV2 both cause serious and sometimes fatal respiratory infections, the effect of Mtb infection and its associated immune response on secondary infection with CoV2 is unknown. To address this question we applied two mouse models of COVID19, using mice which were chronically infected with Mtb. In both model systems, Mtb-infected mice were resistant to the pathological consequences of secondary CoV2 infection, and CoV2 infection did not affect Mtb burdens. Single cell RNA sequencing of coinfected and monoinfected lungs demonstrated the resistance of Mtb-infected mice is associated with expansion of T and B cell subsets upon viral challenge. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Mtb infection conditions the lung environment in a manner that is not conducive to CoV2 survival.
Toxoplasma gondii phosphatidylserine flippase complex ATP2B-CDC50.4 critically participates in microneme exocytosis
Authors: Bisio Hugo , Krishnan Aarti , Marq Jean-Baptiste , Soldati-Favre Dominique
Published: March 2022

Regulated microneme secretion governs motility, host cell invasion and egress in the obligate intracellular apicomplexans. Intracellular calcium oscillations and phospholipid dynamics critically regulate microneme exocytosis. Despite its importance for the lytic cycle of these parasites, molecular mechanistic details about exocytosis are still missing. Some members of the P4-ATPases act as flippases, changing the phospholipid distribution by translocation from the outer to the inner leaflet of the membrane. Here, the localization and function of the repertoire of P4-ATPases was investigated across the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Of relevance, ATP2B and the non-catalytic subunit cell division control protein 50.4 (CDC50.4) form a stable heterocomplex at the parasite plasma membrane, essential for microneme exocytosis. This complex is responsible for flipping phosphatidylserine, which presumably acts as a lipid mediator for organelle fusion with the plasma membrane. Overall, this study points toward the importance of phosphatidylserine asymmetric distribution at the plasma membrane for microneme exocytosis.
O efeito do tipo de mulher na categorização social inicial e na atribuição de características estereotípicas
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Souza Anna ,   Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP/UAL) & Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Gonçalves Gabriela ,   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP/UAL) & Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Gomes Alexandra ,   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP/UAL) & Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Santos Joana ,   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP/UAL) & Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Sousa Cátia ,   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP/UAL) & Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Giger Jean-Christophe ,   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (CIP/UAL) & Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
Published: March 2022

Introdução: Os estereótipos de género dizem respeito a crenças partilhadas sobre os atributos físicos, psicológicos e comportamentais de homens e mulheres. De acordo com a literatura, observa-se alguma variabilidade nos estereótipos para a categoria mulher, em função de serem associadas a uma de três subcategorias: mulher tradicional, mulher independente e mulher sexy. Este estudo pretendeu observar os estereótipos predominantes e diferenciadores de cada tipo de mulher e a formação de impressões numa amostra portuguesa. Método: Os participantes (N = 78), distribuídos em 6 condições de acordo com o design experimental 3 (tipo de mulher: tradicional, independente vs. sexy) x 2 (sexo do participante: homem vs. mulher), deveriam, com base numa descrição prévia, indicar a área profissional, aparência física e modo de vestir da mulher alvo e formar uma impressão em termos dos atributos calorosa e competente. Resultados: Os resultados indicam maiores avaliações de calor para a mulher tradicional, pouca variabilidade nas avaliações de competência e as respostas obtidas através da análise semântica conferem diferentes imagens para os três subgrupos de mulher. Conclusões:Os resultados confirmam parcialmente as hipóteses e são discutidos com base nas implicações para a literatura dos estereótipos de género.
Prospects for the Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Far East in the Conditions of Energy Transition
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Dyomina Olga
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes the prerequisites for the export-oriented development of the fuel and energy complex of the Far East of Russia. The author summarizes the largest projects planned for implementation in the mining sectors of the complex, the prospects for the development of technological sectors are reviewed: the introduction of renewable energy sources and the creation of a new industry – hydrogen energy. It is shown that the optimistic forecasts of demand for coal in world markets and the development of projects in the industry, accompanied by more than 2-fold increase in production, are contrary to the trends of the energy transfer. At the same time, the negative effects of the strategy for the development of the fuel and energy complex are redistributed in favor of the federal center
Estimate of the Contribution of the Agglomeration Effect in the Labor Productivity in Russian Regions
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Isaev Artem , Kim Andrey ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Merzlyakov Igor ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS
Published: March 2022

In the article on the basis of data for 2 042 municipal districts of 70 subjects of the Russian Federation, not specializing in mining, an assessment of the impact of the agglomeration effect on differences in labor productivity in Russian regions was made. The authors come to the conclusion that the contribution of the agglomeration effect in the explanation of interregional differences in labor productivity is ambiguous. The estimates obtained indicate the absence of a positive effect of the density of economic activity in space on labor productivity in the regions. At the same time, the effect of negative externalities that manifest themselves in the form of overpopulation effects in the regions of the western part of Russia is less pronounced than in the eastern regions
Complete Life in theEudemian Ethics
Authors: Vinje Hilde
Published: March 2022

In theEudemian EthicsII 1, 1219a34–b8, Aristotle defines happiness as ‘the activity of a complete life in accordance with complete virtue’. Most scholars interpret a complete life as a whole lifetime, which means that happiness involves virtuous activity over an entire life. This article argues against this common reading by using Aristotle’s notion of ‘activity’ (energeia) as a touchstone. It argues that happiness, according to theEudemian Ethics, must be a complete activity that reaches its end at any and every moment. The upshot of this reading is that life reaches completenesswithina lifetime and that death cannot be the requirement for making life complete.
Numerical study of coupled natural convection to surface radiation in an open cavity submitted to lateral or corner heating
Authors: Charqui Zouhair , Boukendil Mohammed , El Moutaouakil Lahcen , Zrikem Zaki , Abdelbaki Abdelhalim
Published: March 2022

The present study reports numerical results of coupled heat transfer by natural convection and surface radiation in an open air-filled cavity. Two heating modes are considered; in the first mode called LH (lateral heating), the cavity is heated via its lateral wall, while in the second mode named CH (corner heating), the cavity is heated via its bottom corner (the lower half of the vertical wall and the left half of the bottom wall). The rest of the walls are assumed to be perfectly adiabatic. The conservation equations were solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) combined with the SIMPLE algorithm (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations). The radiation heat transfer between the different surfaces of the cavity was treated by the radiosity-irradiation method. Results are presented in terms of isotherms, streamlines, and Nusselt numbers. The effect of the Rayleigh number Ra on the flow structure, the distribution of temperature gradients, the local and mean Nusselt numbers is discussed. Also, a comparison between results of the two heating modes is conducted.
Extraction and characterization of Alfa fibers and their use to produce Alfa/wool woven fabrics for composite reinforcement
Authors: Lamhour Kawtar , Rouway Marwane , Mrajji Ouahiba , Tizliouine Abdeslam , Omari Lhaj El Hachemi , Salhi Hayat , Chakhchaoui Nabil , Cherkaoui Omar , El Wazna Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Because of their appealing properties, such as biodegradability, high basic stiffness, low density, and low cost, natural fibers have begun to be used in a variety of applications. In comparison to synthetics, they are also reusable. The aim of this work is to develop new woven materials made of wool and Alfa fibers (Stipa-tenacissima). The extraction of Alfa fibers was achieved via alkaline treatment. The chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties of the extracted fibers were determined. Wovens were produced using the weaving of taffetas technique. This study presents a chemical, physical, morphological and mechanical characterization of Alfa/wool yarns and fabrics. The results show that the fabric made of fibers treated with 2 mol concentration of NaOH presents the greatest morphological structure and a higher degree of crystallinity due to the reorganization of the molecular chains that results in a better orientation of the fibers compared to other concentrations. On the other hand, the results of the tensile test show that the Young’s modulus of the Alfa/Alfa woven fabric is 8 ± 1.157 MPa in the weft direction, compared to the Alfa/wool woven fabric which has 6.06 ± 0.196 MPa and wool/wool woven fabric with 14.10 ± 1.369 MPa.
Moderating effect of bone maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance
Authors: Flores Luis , Fragoso Isabel , De León Lidia G. , Ortiz-Rodríguez Briseidy , Candia-Luján Ramón , Carrasco-Legleu Claudia
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance, in children from 9 to 12 years.

Methods

Maturity offset, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage (BF%) were estimated in 127 children. Skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) was estimated in 105 participants. A moderation analysis based on a linear regression and on Johnson-Neyman technique was performed using a 95% confidence level.

Results

BF%, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR values were lower in late maturers than on-time maturers (p<0.05). SMI moderated the relationship between BF% and HOMA-IR index in 11.1% of boys and in 32.5% of girls (p<0.05). Also, the highest values of HOMA-IR index were observed at −1 year to achieve the peak height velocity, in girls (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Maturation process has a moderation effect on the relationship BF% and insulin resistance, particularly in early maturers; furthermore, it was independently associated with HOMA-IR.
Transformation of Polish Military Administration in the First Half of Seventeenth Century – Ideas and its Realization
Authors: Gawron Przemysław
Published: March 2022

Background

The article aims to present some proposal of transformation of Polish military administration in the first half of the seventeenth century and its realization in the form of successful attempt to establish the office of Master of Ordnance (starszy nad armatą) and failed rehearsal to regulate the question of food supply for Polish army stationing on the south-eastern border.

Methodology

The author has examined manuscript and printed narrative, normative and treasury sources. He compared the results with existing historiography concerning this topic.

Principal findings/Results

Affected by the negative results of war against Sweden between 1621 and 1629, Polish and Lithuanian noble elite agreed to establish new office of Master of Ordnance with new tax to finance artillery on condition that King’s domain would be burdened by it. At the same time, the diet rejected all proposals tended to transform the system of food supply for army defending the south-eastern border of Poland, especially establishing new taxes and officials.

Conclusions/Significances

It was widely expected from the King to prepare the defence of the country from his own sources. Many nobles, especially from western part of the Commonwealth shared the aversion for new taxes dedicated to the defence of the southern border against Tatars’ raids, while inhabitants of Ruthenia or Ukraine were not going to pay new taxes alone and suffer the presence of the troops at the same time. The creation of the office of master of ordnance shows clearly that change in military administration was possible, if the nobility was convinced that reforms were necessary and saw the option to pay for it from King’s coffer, in which case the complaints of the opponents were gladly dismissed. It seems that in the case of army supply too many parliamentarians and their electors did not see the sufficient need for a change and rejected the idea to burden the possessors of King’s estates by new tax.
Music affects functional brain connectivity and is effective in the treatment of neurological disorders
Authors: Speranza Luisa , Pulcrano Salvatore , Perrone-Capano Carla , di Porzio Umberto , Volpicelli Floriana
Published: March 2022

In a million years, under the pressure of natural selection, hominins have acquired the abilities for vocal learning, music, and language. Music is a relevant human activity, highly effective in enhancing sociality, is a universal experience common to all known human cultures, although it varies in rhythmic and melodic complexity. It has been part of human life since the beginning of our history, or almost, and it strengthens the mother-baby relation even within the mother’s womb. Music engages multiple cognitive functions, and promotes attention, concentration, imagination, creativity, elicits memories and emotions, and stimulates imagination, and harmony of movement. It changes the chemistry of the brain, by inducing the release of neurotransmitters and hormones (dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin) and activates the reward and prosocial systems. In addition, music is also used to develop new therapies necessary to alleviate severe illness, especially neurological disorders, and brain injuries.
Simulation von Bestückungsautomaten in der Elektronikmontage
Authors: Günther Hans-Otto , Föhrenbach Andreas , Grunow Martin
Published: March 2022

Bei der Bestückung von Leiterplatten kommen hochkomplexe und kapitalintensive Bestükkungsautomaten zum Einsatz. Deren Produktionsleistung ist jedoch von vielen Faktoren abhängig. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Simulationswerkzeug vorgestellt, das sowohl die Auswahl und anwenderspezifische Modifikation der Automaten als auch die Fertigungsplanung und -steuerung des vorhandenen Maschinenparks erleichtert.
Prozeßführung und Energiebedarf bei spanenden Fertigungsverfahren
Authors: Schulz Herbert , Schiefer Ekkehard
Published: March 2022

Der überwiegende Teil der Energie bei der spanenden Fertigung wird lastunabhängig in Werkzeugmaschine und Prozeßperipherie verbraucht. Die Tendenz zu immer schnelleren Maschinen wird diesen Effekt exponentiell verstärken. Bei Einführung einer CO2-Steuer können die Energiekosten auch zu einem Kostenfaktor für Zerspanungsbetriebe werden.
Bohren metallischer Schichtverbundwerkstoffe*
Authors: Clausen Rolf
Published: March 2022

In der Flugzeugfertigung hat das Bohren von metallischen Schichtverbundwerkstoffen aus Aluminium und Titan hohe Bedeutung. Aus den sehr unterschiedlichen Zerspanbarkeitseigenschaften der Einzelbleche und zunehmender Gesamtdicke der Blechstrukturen resultieren Schwierigkeiten bei der Fertigung. In diesem Beitrag werden die Bohrprobleme sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse von Bohrversuchen bezüglich auftretender Zerspankräfte, erzeugter Bohrungsdurchmesser und des Werkzeugverschleißes aufgezeigt.
Bereich Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart
Published: March 2022

Der Bereich Werkzeugmaschinen des Instituts für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb der TU Berlin im Produktionstechnischen Zentrum (PTZ) Berlin arbeitet an der Entwicklung neuer Maschinenkonzepte sowie der Optimierung von Werkzeugmaschinen und ihrer Komponenten. Hauptziele sind die Minimierung der Einflüsse von Störgrößen auf Fertigungssysteme sowie eine Überwachung und Kontrolle von Fertigungsprozessen.
Rekonfigurierbare Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Heisel Uwe , Michaelis Michael
Published: March 2022

Der nicht prognostizierbare Wandel des Marktes führt zu Schwankungen in der Auftragslage eines produzierenden Unternehmens und damit zu ständigen Veränderungen der Anforderungen an die Bearbeitungssysteme hinsichtlich der Fertigungsaufgaben und des Kapazitätsbedarfs. Dieses erfordert die Entwicklung neuer Bearbeitungssysteme, die sich bei hoher Fertigungsflexibilität und hoher Produktivität innerhalb kurzer Zeiträume an die aktuelle Situation anpassen lassen.
Bildverarbeitung
Authors: Adam Wolfgang , Nickolay Bertram
Published: March 2022

Im Zuge der Automatisierung der Fertigung hat die Industrie die Nutzung der rechnerunterstützten Bildverarbeitung als einen der entscheidenden Faktoren für eine wirtschaftliche Produktion erkannt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Entwicklung der industriellen Bildverarbeitung und zeigt, wie dieses Verfahren auf neue Anwendungsfelder übertragen werden kann.
Steuerungstechnik für Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Hohwieler Eckhard
Published: March 2022

Die Automatisierung von Produktionsanlagen konnte aufgrund der rasanten Entwicklung im Bereich der Mikroelektronik durch gesteigerte Produktivität und Bearbeitungsvielfalt neue Rationalisierungspotentiale erschließen. Nachdem die Mikroprozessoren Einzug in Automatisierungsgeräte und Steuerungen hielten, wurde zunehmend die in Software implementierte Funktionalität entscheidender Faktor für den Leistungsumfang eines Systems.
A simple and sensitive HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids in root, stem and leaf of Tripterygium wilfordii
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xu Weiwei , Jiang Hongxia , Liu Jianqun
Published: March 2022

There has been a lively interest on macrocyclic polyamine alkaloids due to their remarkable pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's disease and anti-parasitic. Tripterygium wilfordii is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which is abundant in alkaloids including macrocyclic polyamine alkaloids. However, there are rarely studies on macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids of T. wilfordii so far. In this article, we use three known macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids celafurine, celabenzine and celacinnine, and successfully develop a simple and sensitive HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids in root, stem and leaf of T. wilfordii.
Simultaneous densitometric determination of β-sitosterol and lupeol through validated HPTLC method in different plant parts of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. – A dashmool species
Authors: Saxena Hari Om , Parihar Samiksha , Pawar Ganesh , Rao G. Rajeshwar
Published: March 2022

β-sitosterol (BS) and lupeol (LU) exhibit a number of biological activities and are the important bioactive marker compounds in pharmaceutical science. In the present study, a simple, precise, accurate and validated high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of these two compounds in leaves, stem and roots of Uraria picta, a critically endangered medicinal plant and one of the important constituents of ten plants ayurvedic formulation called Dashmoola. Standards and test samples were applied on TLC aluminum plate precoated with 0.2 mm layer of silica gel 60F254. The plate was run in a twin glass chamber comprising toluene: methanol: chloroform (8:1:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The plates were immersed in anisaldehyde-sulfuric reagent and then heated at 105 °C for 5 min in CAMAG TLC plate heater for appearance of bands. Densitometric scanning was performed at λmax = 525 nm using tungsten light source in CAMAG TLC Scanner4 armed with WinCATS software. RF values of BS and LU standards and those of test samples were found to be 0.53 ± 0.01 and 0.63 ± 0.01 respectively. The method was further validated by following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. For BS and LU, the linear regression data for the calibration plots revealed a satisfactory linear association with r2 = 0.995 and 0.998, respectively. Linear range for both BS and LU was 200–600 ng/band. Accuracy of the method was evaluated by performing recovery study at three different levels by standard addition methods with an average recovery of 99.86% and 101.07%. The results revealed that the leaf samples of U. picta contained highest concentration of BS (0.150 ± 0.02%) while its root samples confined the highest concentration of LU (0.149 ± 0.01%). The developed method can be applied for routine and quality control analysis in different herbal formulations containing U. picta species.
On a Special Gini Mean
Authors: Sándor József
Published: March 2022

We offer new properties of the special Gini mean S(a, b) = aa /( a + b ) ⋅ bb /( a + b ), in connections with other special means of two arguments.
Ingeniería Industrial: ¿ciencia o arte?. Una reflexión desde la filosofía de la ingeniería
Authors: Madriz-Rodríguez Delia Alejandra , Ugueto-Maldonado Martha Graciela , Matheus-Castillo Manuel Alberto
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo, es enriquecer una visión empírica de la Ingeniería Industrial, enriquecida con argumentos comprobados desde la perspectiva epistemológica a fin de reflexionar respecto a su naturaleza de ciencia o arte. Se trató de artículo de reflexión, bajo el enfoque interpretativo. Se concluye que la estrategia y la experticia como base gerencial de la Ingeniería Industrial, son el mecanismo de conocimiento, pensamiento y acción que lleva al ingeniero industrial a generar productividad en los sistemas de trabajo, y a lograr y mantener la ansiada competitividad.