bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Approach to Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases in Children. Intermediate Study Results
Authors: Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Gubanova Svetlana G. , Vishneva Elena A. , Zelenkova Irina V. , Gankovskii Viktor A. , Egorova Marina V. , Levina Julia G. , Kaytukova Elena V. , Efendieva Kamilla E.
Published: January 2023

The issue of recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases in children is common and relevant. Commonly this pathology is associated with other diseases that lead to the prolonged, complicated, or chronic course of the inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract. Objective. The aim of the study is to improve management principles for children with recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases according to the developed multidisciplinary and personalized approach (modern methods of diagnosis and health monitoring) for achieving long-term remission. Methods. The study included 65 children aged from 3 to 17 years 11 months with recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases. Examination: nasal, nasopharynx and larynx endoscopy, abdominal ultrasound with aqueous-siphon test, tympanometry, and laboratory tests (complete blood count, evaluation of total and specific IgE levels, antistreptolysin O, nasopharynx and oropharynx microbiological study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent fecal analysis for Helicobacter pylori). Results. 88% of examined children showed allergic pathology according to our study results. Clinical signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were revealed in 30% of children with chronic oropharynx inflammation. GERD signs were revealed both via abdominal ultrasound with aqueous-siphon test and via fiberoptic laryngoscopy and later confirmed by esophagogastroscopy in 8.7% of patients. Obtained data indicates high prevalence of allergic and gastroenterological pathology in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases. Conclusion. Obtained results allow us to establish scientifically multidisciplinary and personalized approach for the management of children with recurrent upper respiratory tract disease. This approach shall include key diagnostic methods required for improvement of comorbid conditions revealing, and achieving and maintaining control over the disease symptoms. The study is currently ongoing.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION
Authors: ZELENKO Y. , CHERKUDINOV V. , LEVYTSKA S.
Published: January 2023

The goal is to review the current problems and tasks of organizing multimodal freight transportation in Ukraine and analyze trends related to the use of the transport complex (TC). Methodology. Using a system analysis, methods for assessing existing problems and tasks are proposed, as well as a proper definition of environmental issues as the most important in the complex of issues of creation and functioning of TC is presented. At the same time, energy redistribution processes are taken into account in the form of specific and generalized indicators of efficiency, which can be used to meet the needs of multimodal transportation. The results. On the basis of the considered and analyzed problems and trends of the operation of the multimodal transport system, recommendations have been developed for the comprehensive solution of transport planning tasks, improving safety and reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment for further spreading the application of the most successful solutions in each of the regions. Scientific novelty. During the analysis and review of the issues, the authors proposed for the first time a comprehensive solution to the issues of creation and functioning of TC, taking into account interaction in the field of transport and environmental protection technologies. Practical significance. The proposed measures will make it possible to build strategic foundations for the development of a combined transport system, improve the quality of transport services, and also make it possible to obtain the maximum ecological and technological effect from combining the capabilities of all types of transport during transportation.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of spinal cord lesions: what can we find? - Part 1. Neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic injuries
Authors: Pereira Ronaldo Gonçalves , Ribeiro Bruno Niemeyer de Freitas , Pereira Thais Ribeiro Gomes Coutinho , Bahia Paulo Roberto Valle , Marchiori Edson
Published: January 2023

Abstract Diseases involving the spinal cord include a heterogeneous group of abnormalities, including those of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic origin. Making the clinical differentiation between different entities is often difficult, magnetic resonance imaging being the diagnostic method of choice. Although the neuroimaging findings are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive, and the radiologist can assist in the diagnosis and, consequently, in the therapeutic guidance. In this first part of our article, the objective is to review the magnetic resonance imaging findings of the main neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic spinal cord injuries.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of spinal cord lesions: what can we find? - Part 2. Inflammatory and infectious injuries
Authors: Pereira Ronaldo Gonçalves , Ribeiro Bruno Niemeyer de Freitas , Pereira Thais Ribeiro Gomes Coutinho , Bahia Paulo Roberto Valle , Marchiori Edson
Published: January 2023

Abstract Diseases involving the spinal cord include a heterogeneous group of abnormalities, including those of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, and traumatic origin. Making the clinical differentiation between different entities is often difficult, magnetic resonance imaging being the diagnostic method of choice. Although the neuroimaging findings are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive, and the radiologist can assist in the diagnosis and, consequently, in the therapeutic guidance. In this second part of our article, the objective is to review the magnetic resonance imaging findings of the main inflammatory and infectious spinal cord injuries.
Antegrade double-J stenting as an alternative to the retrograde approach: experience of the first 150 cases at a single center in Brazil
Authors: Grubert Renata Motta , Carmo Carlos Egydio Ferri do , Morais Neto Reinaldo Santos , Tibana Tiago Kojun , Santos Rômulo Florêncio Tristão , Marchiori Edson , Nunes Thiago Franchi
Published: January 2023

Abstract Objective: To present our clinical experience with percutaneous antegrade ureteral stenting. Materials and Methods This was a single-center retrospective study in which we reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent percutaneous image-guided antegrade ureteral stenting between January 2016 and August 2020. We evaluated 90 patients (48 men). The mean age was 61.4 ± 15 years (range, 30-94 years). Patients were divided into two main groups: those with malignant neoplasms; and those with non-neoplastic disease. Technical and clinical success of the procedure were defined, respectively, as maintenance of the patency of the urinary tract, with a reduction in the degree of hydronephrosis, and as a reduction in the level of nitrogenous waste. Postprocedural complications were categorized as major or minor according to the CIRSE classification. Results: The study sample comprised 150 antegrade stenting procedures performed in 90 patients, most of whom had previously undergone retrograde stenting that was unsuccessful. The stenting was bilateral in 60 patients and unilateral in 30. Technical success was achieved in 143 (95.3%) of the procedures, whereas seven procedures (4.6%) were unsuccessful. Failed procedures were characterized by inability to place a stent or migration of a stent after its placement. Complications occurred in 12 (8.0%) of the procedures. Of those 12 complications, two were classified as major (bleeding) and 10 were classified as minor (lumbar pain or infection). The most common techniques used were the over-the-wire technique and the modified technique (in 58.0% and 42.0% of the cases, respectively). In seven cases (4.7%), a nephrostomy tube was inserted. Conclusion: Percutaneous antegrade ureteral stenting is a safe, effective method for the management of ureteral injuries and obstructions, due to malignant or benign causes, when the retrograde approach has failed.
EFFECTS OF DEEP JUMPING ON EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH IN THE LOWER LIMBS OF ATHLETES
Authors: Su Wei , Feng Jian
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball has become popular worldwide, and its athletic standard has risen. The skills of jumping into a net test athletes’ lower limb strength and speed. Objective: Study the effects of deep jumping exercises on the explosive strength in the lower limbs of volleyball athletes. Methods: Through the experimental method, logical analysis method, and mathematical statistics method, the kinematics and the results of the practical tests on the 8 muscles of the athletes’ lower limbs were studied. The training took place for 8 weeks of training intervention, and the characteristic biomechanical structure of the athletes’ lower limb muscles during the deep jump was established. Results: The landing time of the athletes in the deep jump group was improved, with a change of 0.03s. The deep jump group increased in time by 0.02s, indicating that the jumping ability was significantly improved. Conclusion: The deep jump training method reduces the time spent landing, with a strong level of evidence. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
EFFECTS OF LADDER TRAINING ON THE MOBILITY OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Zhou Jing , Xu Yunrui
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: The step movement in volleyball is a fundamental skill that volleyball players must master, being the basis of the support of all other techniques of this sport. Objective: Explore the effect of ladder training on the mobility of high school volleyball players. Methods: Twenty high school male volleyball players aged 16-17 were selected as experimental volunteers. Randomly divided into experimental and control groups, 10 individuals in each group received a training intervention for 8 weeks, with ladder training added to the experimental group. Results: Both pieces of training resulted showed positive effects on the improvement of movement ability and speed and could effectively improve the athletes’ movement speed ability. Conclusion: Through systematic ladder training, the excitatory conduction time in the reflex arc of athletes was significantly reduced, leading to a faster response to various signal stimuli, bringing the athletes’ central nervous system to a state more prepared for sports practice. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
IMPROVEMENT OF SPEED AND EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH IN SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Gao Feng
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Besides good physical condition, soccer players should also possess good technical and psychological abilities. Physical fitness is a crucial factor in the competitive ability improvement of soccer players. Objective: Explore the improvement of running speed and explosive strength in soccer players. Methods: We selected 30 soccer players by random sampling. Individuals were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Members of both groups participated in daily physical activities, and speed and strength training was added to the experimental group through a protocol with regular exercises. The athletes trained for ten weeks. The speed and explosiveness of the athletes were measured before and after the test. A mathematical and statistical analysis was made of the data collected. Results: There were significant differences in running speed and explosiveness strength in the athletes of the experimental group compared to the control group in the 30-meter dash, long jump, and Illinois run. Conclusion: Speed and strength exercises can significantly improve the running speed of athletes, and increase the muscular explosive force and physical agility of soccer players. The speed and strength exercises developed in this paper are consistent with the technical characteristics of soccer. These results can lay the foundation for future daily training planning and project work in soccer teams. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON PHYSICAL STABILITY IN DANCERS
Authors: Zhao Yafang
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ballroom dance has evolved from a simple self-taught part of folklore to a technical, performative, and artistic competitive dance called the International Standard Dance. Objective: Study the effects of special lower limb strength training on the physical stability of dancers. Methods: 20 volunteers, students of a university specialized in dance, were divided into experimental and control groups, undergoing training of 30 minutes daily, 3 times a week, for 3 months. The control group followed the daily training, while the experimental group received special lower limb strength training. The relevant physical data measured before and after the intervention were statistically analyzed. Results: Compared to the control group, there was a significant difference in the athletes of the experimental group (P<0.05). The experimental group's lower limb strength and special skills were significantly improved. Conclusion: The lower extremity strength training protocol significantly improved the dancers’ muscle strength, proportionally increasing the stability of the sports skills. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
STRENGTH TRAINING IN THE ABDOMINAL CORE OF TENNIS PLAYERS
Authors: Ma Youbao
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tennis players often participate in large-scale competitions, requiring a stable pattern of play to achieve the best results. This sport style requires great strength of the abdominal core because this strengthened muscle group will play a key role in the motor skills of the sport, such as force conduction, support stabilization, and sports posture. Objective: Study the most effective training to improve the abdominal core strength of tennis players by experimentation. Methods: Fuzzy mathematics was used to determine the degree of correlation between various factors of abdominal core strength in tennis players and their various training methods, formulate abdominal core strength training plans, and conduct the targeted training. Results: Statistical analysis of the tests before and after the experiment found that the P value of the special test group was distributed between 0.000 and 0.004, and the P values were all shown to be less than 0.005. There was a significant difference in the experimental group's performance before and after the experiment. Conclusion: The experimental training revealed a positive effect on the experimental group's tennis-specific performance and the strength of the abdominal core. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
SYSTEMATIC PHYSICAL TRAINING IN FIGURE SKATING ATHLETES
Authors: Wang Tao
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Youngsters are an important source of reserve strength among short-speed skaters, so it is necessary to perform special strength training for young lower limb muscles while improving athletes’ endurance and physical function. Objective: Study the systematic development of physical training of speed skating athletes. Methods: The author uses the method of experimentation and mathematical statistics, the first level male athletes were selected as experimental objects, and the double-blind test method was used to conduct a comparative study through experiments. Results: Statistically, the T-test considerations of the control and experimental groups in the unipodal take-off stand and bilateral sliding jump tests showed statistical differences (P>0.05). The comparison of the experimental group pre and post-intervention indicates that the experimental group's performance in this test item increased significantly after training(P<0.05). Conclusion: The adaptation of the entry-level trainers to the scientific training concept played an auxiliary role in the results by increasing the emphasis on small muscle group training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING ON BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: He Juncong , Jiang Wenmei
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball represents much more than a high-intensity exercise. Like most ball games, it is a continuous movement system. Objective: Study the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) on the aerobic metabolism of young basketball players. Methods: The author randomly divided male basketball players into an upper limb HIT group, lower limb HIT group, and control group by experimental method and statistical analysis, the control group received routine training, and aerobic exercise capacity was measured by increasing load test before and after the experiment. Results: During the lower extremity experiment, the mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) of the 4th full-force pedal stroke in the lower extremity HIT group increased (P<0.05), and the T/C ratio of the lower extremity HIT group was also implemented (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the indices of the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Upper extremity HIT in young male basketball players improved only upper extremity aerobic exercise capacity. In contrast, lower-extremity HIT improved both upper-extremity aerobic exercise capacity and lower-extremity anaerobic exercise capacity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.
STRENGTH TRAINING IN THE LOWER LIMBS OF SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Yue
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: The isometric weight training method combines the benefits of physical endurance and hypertrophy. This teaching method performs the isometric exercise with the appropriate body weight. Objective: Study the effects of isometric training with weights on soccer players’ explosive strength of the lower limbs. Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly selected and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The real training situation of the athletes was used. The experimental group adopted the isometrics teaching method with weight, while the control group used conventional muscle strength training. The lower limb strength of the two groups of athletes was compared before and after the experiment. Results: The extensor force growth rate in the experimental groups was significantly increased at medium, high and low speeds, while the peak torque did not show significant changes. The soccer players had their muscle strength improved. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Isometric weight training significantly improves mid and fast-extensor muscle strength in young soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
EFFECTS OF JUMP TRAINING ON THE REPAIR OF BONE INJURIES
Authors: An Ning , Chuo Jing
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Long jump is a technically complex sport. Its technique encompasses running, jumping, and landing. It has high speed, fast pace, and high-intensity characteristics. Objective: Study the effect of long jump training on bone repair and rehabilitation of human fatigue injury in the lower limbs of young athletes. Methods: A scientific literature search, experimental comparison, mathematical statistics, and other research methods were used to analyze the causes and mechanisms of sports injuries in distance jumpers. An eccentric contraction training was formulated and tried out in practice. Results: After 12 weeks of eccentric contraction training, the FMS scores of jumpers in jumping improved, existing problems were recovered, and eccentric contraction training reduced the probability of sports injuries in jumpers. Conclusion: Eccentric contraction training improves the performance of young athletes in the long jump, greatly increases stability, and reduces the likelihood of future sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION THERAPY APPLIED TO SPORTS TRAINING
Authors: He Ji , Ruan Tingting , Ying Cunxi , Pan Beibei
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Blood flow restriction therapy, also known as KAATSU pressurization training or ischemic exercise training is a controlled method of vascular occlusion combined with resistance training, with the great growth of its research in recent years. Regular strength training, prevention of lean mass loss, and post-operative rehabilitation are some areas in which the therapy has been prominent. It is believed that it can also be beneficial in sports performance. Objective: Study the effects of an intervention with blood flow restriction therapy on athletes during training. Methods: 32 college athletes with more than two years of experience in sports training, free of injuries, and 20±3 years old were volunteers. They were randomly divided into groups A (no pressure), B (training pressure), C (intermittent pressure), D (full compression). Results: The athletes in the no pressurization group, intermittent pressurization group, training pressurization group, and full-time pressurization group showed significant differences (P<0.05). It can be considered that there is a significant difference in the muscular endurance indexes of the athletes in the non-compression group before and after training, while the athletes in the non-compression group achieved a significant increase in muscular endurance after 6 weeks of training Conclusion: Blood flow restriction therapy can effectively enhance the training effect with various strength qualities, and play a role as a promoter of hypertrophy and vascularization. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
PSYCHOLOGICAL QUALITY IN MIDDLE AND LONG-DISTANCE TRAINING
Authors: Tian Wutao , Jiao Shurui
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Middle and long-distance running combine endurance and speed, demanding constant speed and minimizing physical losses. Sports fatigue is frequent in competition and the practice of these races. Therefore, middle and long-distance runners are prone to characteristics such as nervousness, negativity, or boredom. Objective: Explore the role of mental health in middle and long-distance runners in track and field events. Methods: Fourteen Chinese middle and long-distance runners were selected. The players undergo a 10-week psychological quality test. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after completing the 10 weeks of psychological quality education. The data obtained from the experiment were statistically analyzed. The practical teaching of athletes and the form of psychological education were explained and discussed. Results: The psychological quality of stability in the athletes’ movements are reflected inaccurate feedback, the balance of challenging skills, a high sense of control, concentration, and clear purpose. The characteristics of psychological quality were a fusion of awareness of behavior, pleasant experience, loss of self-consciousness, and space-temporal transformation. There were significant differences in the level of stable psychological quality of athletes under different sports levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mental quality promotion exercises for middle and long-distance runners can help them to quickly adjust their minds, improving their competitive abilities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RECOVERY METHODS FOR ATHLETES DURING HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING
Authors: Yang Mingzhe , Meng Dan , Mejarito Cresencio L.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: The continuous improvement of the level of modern sports competition compels continuous reform and constant updates on sports training theory; sports training research is migrating from continuous low-intensity to high-intensity interval, and many studies have shown that high-intensity interval training has a good effect on athletes. Objective: Investigate the effect of different recovery modalities during high-intensity interval training on the athletic performance of young male runners. Methods: Using body morphological index measurement, high-intensity intermittent exhaustion test, and statistical analysis, forty young male long-distance runners from sports schools were randomly divided into active recovery group (AR, n=20) and passive recovery group (PR, n=20), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal aerobic speed (MAV) were measured by incremental load exercise test, and interval exercise capacity and time to exhaustion (ET) were recorded. Results: Compared with pre-training, MAV and ET in both groups increased significantly after training (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in MAV on RA group after training (P>0.05). Conclusion: High-intensity interval training with active recovery can significantly improve athletic ability and performance in young male runners in the long term. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
INFLUENCE OF LADDER TRAINING ON MOTOR COORDINATION IN BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Liu Xuefei
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: The ladder training method was implemented in the USA in the late 20th century to train the agility the motor coordination of athletes in the United States. It is believed that this exercise can be a beneficial addition to the training of basketball players. Objective: Study the ladder training method's influences on basketball players’ sensitivity. Methods: Following the parameters of the current scientific literature, an experimental ladder training protocol was designed. Basketball players aged 10-12 years in sports schools were selected as volunteers for the experiment. The influence of motor coordination qualities was measured pre and post-test. The collected data were statistically analyzed and discussed. Results: The experimental group had significant differences in the activities of running for 30 meters, and vertical jump. Very significant changes were also found in the cross jump repeated in 20 seconds, cross quadrant jump, and 5-meter triangular slide. Conclusion: Ladder training beneficially influenced the motor coordination of young basketball players, implementing general and sport-specific agility. Combining it with standardized training is recommended for further promotion of motor quality in young basketball players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
DEVELOPMENT OF ABDOMINAL CENTER STRENGTH IN AEROBIC GYMNASTICS ATHLETES
Authors: You Xiaoxu
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic gymnastics is a young and popular sports event among contemporary Chinese people. Its technical level is rapidly developed when practiced frequently. Objective: Study the development of muscular strength in the abdominal core of professional aerobics athletes. Methods: Common problems and deficiencies in training were analyzed through systematic reading, questionnaires, mathematical statistics, and other research methods. The experiment was conducted with 40 young aerobic gymnastic athletes randomly divided into the experimental and control group. Fitness, abdominal core strength, and movement execution were tested before and after the intervention, which lasted 12 weeks. The data were statistically processed for analysis and discussion. Results: According to the independent sample-t-tests on the data, the t-values of the three test groups represented 2.675, 2.971, and 2.804, respectively; the t-value was judged under a 95% confidence interval, where P<0. 05 was obtained, confirming a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The mean difference can be considered as the result of abdominal core strength training and traditional training; the mean improvement rate of the control group was only 26.24% over the improvement rate of the experimental group. Conclusion: The mean EMG value was higher in the experimental group, directly relating to a gain in joint stability, especially ankle joint stability, which is required by the specific aerobic techniques. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
EFFECTS OF VARIABLE EXERCISE ON STRENGTH TRAINING IN THROWING ATHLETES
Authors: Hu Bin
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Throwing is a physical phenomenon with its base resistance and speed, demanding the high explosive force of its practitioners. Objective: Observe the implications of exercise with speed and variable load on the explosive strength training of throwing practitioners. Methods: The author uses scientific literature to execute an experiment on throwing techniques, dividing 24 athletes randomly into control and experimental groups. Variations of discus weight and throwing distances were applied in the groups. The results were compared in SPSS and Excel to perform the corresponding statistical processing. Results: The athletes showed throwing performance with an increasing trend, but not evident enough among the control group. The increase in the experimental group was evident compared to the performance before the experiment. Conclusion: Training with variable speed and variable load exercises positively affects strength training in throwing events. It is recommended to perform variable speed and variable load exercises for athletes in throwing practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
MEASUREMENT INDEX SYSTEM OF SPECIFIC PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR TENNIS ATHLETES
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Wang Jin
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tennis is a competitive sport endowed with subtle movements, sophisticated and changeable techniques and tactics, and intense confrontation. It has high demands on the athlete's physical and psychological qualities. To win high-level professional tennis events, in addition to basic skills, comprehensive technical and tactical abilities, stable psychological quality, and flexible and innovative thinking, tennis players must also have exceptional physical fitness. Objective: Study the index system for evaluating the sport-specific skills of tennis athletes. Methods: 30 youth tennis training athletes were selected. Research methods such as literature, expert interview, questionnaire, and mathematical statistics were used to construct the fitness evaluation index of Chinese professional tennis players. Results: Professional tennis players’ specific fitness assessment indexes include one first-level index, 14 second-level indexes, and 23 three-item indexes. Conclusion: Young athletes must strengthen their agile attack speed, explosive strength, core strength, and coordination. The individual indicators are weighted according to individual standards of physical training level. Thus, the five first-level indicators and specific fitness standards are established in this paper. The results of this research have guiding significance for the formulation and implementation of further tennis education and training plans. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
EFFECTS OF BRAKE TRAINING ON LOWER LIMBS OF SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Cao Bo , Luo Lin
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: As sports skills and attacking techniques evolved rapidly, so did sports offense and defense, requiring new techniques for improving sports performance on the field. One technique that has been empirically highlighted is braking training, with little scientific research on its practical results. Objective: Study the effects of brake training on lower limb agility in soccer players. Methods: Male soccer athletes participated in the experiment, and patients were divided into experimental and control groups, where lower limb demand and fracture resistance were tested. Results: After 8 weeks of training, the quality of sensitivity and explosive strength of the lower extremities were checked, where the experimental group showed a highly significant difference in training (P<0.01). The sensitivity index scores were all significantly changed. In the control group, there was a variation in bone density before and after exercise but little significant difference in performance. Conclusion: Compared to traditional resistance training, extending and focusing on lower limb braking training can effectively develop explosive strength and agility in soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
Cytotoxic, Phytotoxic and Insecticidal Potential of Achillea millefolium L. and Chaerophyllum villosum wall. ex dc.
Authors: Adil M. , Dastagir G. , Ambrin  , Sher A. A. , Rahim F. , Quddoos A. , Filimban F. Z. , Izhar-ul-Haq
Published: January 2023

Abstract The methanolic, chloroformic and aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium and Chaerophyllum villosum were investigated for cytotoxicity, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities. Cytotoxicity was investigated by brine shrimp lethality assay indicating that the crude methanolic extract of A.millefolium and chloroformic extract of C.villosum revealed highest mortality of brine shrimps with (LD50 of 52.60 µg/ml) and (14.81 µg/ml). Phytotoxicity was evaluated using the Lemna minor bioassay which revealed that the crude methanolic extract of A.millefolium and C.villosum extract has maximum inhibition of Lemna minor with (Fl50 6.60 µg/ml) and (0.67 µg/ml).The insecticidal activity showed that among all the insects studied it was observed that methanolic extract of A. millefoliumand C. villosum was highly toxic to Sphenoptera dadkhani with (LD50=4.17 µg/ml) and (0.34 µg/ml). From the present study it can be concluded that different extracts from A. millefolium and C. villosum showed good cytotoxic, phytotoxic and insecticidal activity in a dose dependent manner.
Ants associated with fronds of the tropical bracken fern Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum
Authors: Lancellotti Isabella Rodrigues , Mayhé-Nunes Antônio José , Feitosa Rodrigo Machado , Portugal Anderson dos Santos , Santos Marcelo Guerra
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Pteridium is a cosmopolitan genus of ferns that possess nectaries on its fronds (fern leaves), thereby attracting ants. Foliar (or extrafloral) nectaries are nectar-producing glands that are not related to pollination, but rather attract ants and other arthropods. Foliar nectaries are found in 101 fern species, belonging to 11 genera and six families. The aim of the study is to characterize the community of ants that visit the fronds of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, as well as daily and seasonal ant abundance in different frond development stages. The study was conducted in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Bimonthly collections were established, where 30 expanding fronds and 30 fully expanded fronds were randomly marked. In each 1-hour shift starting at 8:30 am and ending at 5:30 pm, the fronds were observed for the presence of ants. Thirty three ant species were recorded on the Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum fronds, distributed into six subfamilies and 13 genera. The most abundant species were Solenopsis sp.1 and Ectatomma tuberculatum. Eight ant species were observed foraging the nectaries of tropical bracken fern fronds. Ectatomma tuberculatum has been observed feeding on the nectaries and patrolling the fronds. Ant activity peak was on mid-day during the rainy season. The tropical bracken fern Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum has a rich (the highest recorded until now on Pteridium species) and diverse ant community on its fronds, mainly on the expanding fronds. The presence of generalist predatory ants (Ectatomma tuberculatum and Solenopsis sp.1) during the entire study period suggests a positive interaction between ants and Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum.
Natural history museums and zoological collections of São Paulo State
Authors: Percequillo Alexandre Reis , Barbosa Marina F. C. , Bockmann Flávio A. , Bogoni Juliano A. , Esguícero André L. H. , Lamas Carlos , Moraes Gilberto José de , Pinto-da-Rocha Ricardo , Silveira Luís Fábio
Published: January 2023

Abstract Scientific collections constitute a valuable source for contributions to scientific research and the training of human resources in systematics, but also other areas of biological knowledge. In this contribution, we intend to discuss these advancements in collections and the role played by FAPESP in sponsoring them, as well as a general overview of the zoological collections in São Paulo state. We also aim to stress the importance of zoological collections and the need for continuous logistic and financial support from institutions and research agencies to maintain and develop these unique repositories of biodiversity. From 1980 to the present, FAPESP supported 118 research projects focused on several areas of zoology that are directly or indirectly associated with collections. There is a constant growth in the number of projects, and the financial support provided by FAPESP through the Biota Program was paramount for the advancement of our knowledge of biodiversity in Brazil. Parallel to the scientific advances, but not less important, this support allowed curators to increase the number of specimens, and to organize, maintain and digitize them in these valuable and irreplaceable collections. Regarding the lack of new taxonomists, it is essential that FAPESP and universities in São Paulo encourage the formation of new academics in zoological groups where specialists are rare. Considering the investment provided by FAPESP, it is quite important that the institutions that benefited from these resources took greater responsibility to safeguard these collections, and they should consider including resources on their budgets to obtain safety certificates, ensuring their permanence for many generations to come. Zoological collections are a heritage of humanity and are essential not only for the improvement of our knowledge of biodiversity but also with direct applications, among other services provided by these biological resources. It is important that research and teaching institutions in São Paulo that house specimens under their care start to value more this important patrimony and this heritage, as these collections represent the most valuable testimony of our impressive biodiversity, records of our past, and windows to our future, essential to our academic, scientific, cultural and social sovereignty.
Algoritmos simplificados de hologramas computacionais: II – para geração de feixes e vórtices ópticos
Authors: Gesualdi Marcos R. R.
Published: January 2023

Feixe em óptica refere-se a uma solução monocromática da equação de onda que possui concentração transversal do campo. O feixe óptico, que é descrito por uma superposição de ondas planas, surge com a necessidade de se poder confinar e transportar a luz através do espaço livre sem que esta sofra os efeitos de difração, permanecendo invariante durante a propagação. O tipo de feixe óptico mais comum é o feixe Gaussiano, cujo padrão transversal é descrito por uma função Gaussiana, o qual está sujeito aos efeitos de difração. Existem outros tipos de feixes, chamados feixes não-difrativos ou resistentes à difração, que não apresentam efeitos de difração e seu perfil de intensidade é constante ao longo da direção de propagação. Os feixes não-difrativos incluem, por exemplo, feixes de Bessel, feixes de Mathieu, feixes Parabólico, feixes de Airy e superposições destes feixes. O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar e disponibilizar a comunidade acadêmica, científica e de outras áreas do saber os nossos estudos e algoritmos (rotinas) de geração holográfica de feixes ópticos de uma forma acessível e didática. Especificamente, neste segundo artigo, pretendemos estudar, teórica e computacionalmente, as propriedades dos feixes ópticos: Gaussiano, Bessel, Airy, Laguerre-Gauss e vórtices ópticos de Hankel-Bessel; bem como, as técnicas de geração de hologramas computacionais de amplitude e fase destes feixes usando MATLAB. Estes apresentam interessantes possibilidades de realização experimental através de sua reconstrução óptica (reprodução) utilizando dispositivos SLMs, como já foi validado experimentalmente em inúmeros trabalhos publicados e inúmeras aplicações em óptica e fotônica.
Volumetric yield coefficient: the key to regulating virtual credits for Amazon wood
Authors: ANDRADE Kauanna Domingues Cabral de , SANTOS Ana Paula Ferreira dos , EMMERT Fabiano , SANTOS Joaquim dos , LIMA Adriano José Nogueira , HIGUCHI Niro
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT In Brazil, all transport and storage of native forest products and by-products must be registered within the DOF (Document of Forestry Origin) system. This computerized platform exists to support control agencies in reducing the sale of forest products obtained illegally. However, this tool still shows only modest results in fulfilling its objectives, since gaps in the system allow illegal wood to be acquired and enter the system as legal wood. The objective of this study was to test whether the volumetric yield coefficient (CRV) of a sawmill on an industrial scale corresponds to the 35% established by Brazilian legislation. The focus was directed at a loophole that allows the accumulation of virtual credits in the DOF system by turning logs into lumber. For this purpose, we estimated the sawmill’s CRV and mean percentage yield of 19 commercial species used by a timber company in the Brazilian Amazon with a sample size of 90 logs. The estimated CRV was 24.6 ± 2.4, showing 9.9% uncertainty. The mean CRV differed highly significantly (p < 0.001) from that proposed by the DOF, with a 10.35% difference. Based on these results, the difference between the observed yield and that proposed by the legislation can generate the accumulation of virtual log credits. With this accumulation, managers encounter difficulties in acquiring new logging permits and, consequently, do not meet the actual demand for logs to the sawmill’s capacity.
Impacts of scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 on plant physiology in Tapajos National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon using the ED2.2 model
Authors: VIEIRA Luciana Cristina de Sousa , MANZI Antonio Ocimar , SILVA Vicente de Paula , SATYAMURTY Prakki , DANTAS Vanessa de Almeida , SANTOS Aldeize da Silva
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Models that simulate the process of stomatal conductance (gs) for a given set of environmental conditions are important, as this process is the main mechanism that controls the gas exchange of terrestrial plants absorbing atmospheric CO2 in tropical forests. Simulations were performed for the Tapajós National Forest, in the western Brazilian Amazon, observing the gs process under the current climate scenario (control) and under the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (2071 - 2100), using the ED2.2 ecosystem demography model. The results showed that the lower availability of soil water for the plants reduced photosynthesis due to the closing of the stomata. The model results for gross primary productivity (GPP) are similar to those observed in the field, varying about ≈24 MgC ha-1 year-1 for the rainy season and ≈23 MgC ha-1 year-1 for the dry season (average 2002 to 2010) in the control scenario. In the RCP4.5 scenario, simulated GPP was 30.7 and 30 MgC ha-1year-1 for the rainy and dry season, respectively (30.5 and 25 MgC ha-1year-1, respectively, for the RCP8.5 scenario). Our results also show that there may be a limitation on the increase in biomass carbon with the concentration of CO2, as GPP was lower in RCP8.5, despite this scenario having a higher value of atmospheric CO2 relative to RCP4.5.
Effect of natural food consumption on the first phase of pirarucu grow-out in ponds and cages
Authors: OLIVEIRA Hyago Jovane Borges de , LIMA Adriana Ferreira , LAPA Lorhane Caroline Ferreira da , OLIVEIRA Hygo Jovane Borges de , MATOS Flávia Tavares de , NUÑER Alex Pires de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Pirarucu, Arapaima gigas is a fish species of great social and economic importance in the Amazon region, where they are often farmed in earthen ponds. Intensive cage aquaculture has been growing in Brazil, which could be an alternative means to farm pirarucu, reducing costs and increasing productivity. We evaluated the contribution of natural food organisms in semi-intensive (ponds) and intensive (cages) production systems, and their effect on pirarucu growth and economic performance during the first phase of grow-out. Four ponds (300 m2) and four cages (4.0 m³) were stocked, respectively, with 120 (0.4 fish m-²) and 160 (40 fish m-³) juvenile pirarucu (28.03 ± 6.34 g, 11.75 ± 0.80 cm). The study was conducted for 105 days and fish were fed with commercial feed. Fish growth and plankton intake were evaluated every two weeks. Survival rate, standard length, weight gain and final weight were higher in fish reared in earthen ponds than in cages. Feed conversion of fish kept in ponds was lower (0.96 ± 0.06) than in cages (1.20 ± 0.11). The consumption of natural food organisms was observed, despite artificial feed being fed in both systems. The relative abundance of zooplankton and insects in stomachs was directly proportional to fish weight gain in ponds, and inversely proportional in cages. Higher economic efficiency rate and lower average production cost were calculated for earthen ponds. Our results indicate that the cost-benefit of the first phase grow-out of A. gigas is better in earthen ponds.
Parasitism of Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) by tachinids (Diptera: Tachinidae) in oil palm in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: SILVA Kelly Barbosa da , SILVA Chryslane Barbosa da , GOULART Henrique Fonseca , TINÔCO Ricardo Salles , SOUZA Jose Malta de , CHIA Gilson Sanchez , GARCIA Carlos Henrique , TOMA Ronaldo , GUZZO Elio Cesar
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caterpillars are important defoliators of the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) in Central and South America. The family Tachinidae (Diptera) comprises flies that are parasitoids of many insect pests, mainly from the order Lepidoptera. However, host records for tachinids are still relatively scarce. In the present work, we report the occurrence of Belvosia sp. aff. williamsi (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Goniini) and Leptostylum oligothrix (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Blondeliini) parasitizing caterpillars of A. liberia in E. guineensis in the municipality of Tailândia, state of Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of the parasitism of A. liberia by Leptostylum in Brazil, as well as by Belvosia in the world.
New records of Geastrum (Geastrales, Basidiomycota) for the Amazon
Authors: FREITAS Íkaro Luiz Ferreira Santos de , GÓIS Jefferson dos Santos , FREITAS-NETO Julimar Freire de , ASSIS Nathalia Mendonça de , BARBOSA Flávia Rodrigues , BASEIA Iuri Goulart
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Fungi of the genus Geastrum are known as earthstar fungi, due to the stelliform morphology of their basidiomes. In the Amazon domain, there are 25 catalogued species of Geastrum, with several new records in recent years. Here we report three new species records of Geastrum for the Brazilian Amazon. Geastrum calycicoriaceum and G. rubropusillum were recorded in the southwestern transition zone between Amazon forest and Cerrado savanna. Geastrum calycicoriaceum was recorded for the first time in Brazil.
Two records of xanthism in Corallus hortulana (Serpentes: Boidae) in Bolivia with comments on the yellow, patternless morphotype
Authors: RIVAS Luis Rolando , EVERSOLE Cord B. , CROCKER Ashton V. , POWELL Randy L.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT Snakes display a wide range of skin colors and patterns, acting in ecological, behavioral, and physiological roles. Xanthism has been reported in numerous snake species, including many neotropical taxa. Corallus hortulana is a polychromatic species widely distributed throughout South America. Yellow, patternless individuals, while rare, have been recognized as within the species’ polychromatic range. We report the first yellow, patternless specimens of Corallus hortulana collected in Bolivia and discuss whether these individuals fit the criteria of xanthism.