bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Marzano's model on learning handball shooting skills from the head level and jumping high in handball
Authors: Hussein Ameer Farhan Mazhar , Ameer Hussein Abdel , Abdullah Haider Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

Research has been conducted on handball. This has been done by applying the Marzano model to a handball lesson in a practical and cognitive manner. This is so that the overall characteristics of educational theories can be applied. From this, the model derives its dimensions, which is considered one of the innovations in the educational arena through what many educators do. This model can be used as a frame of reference and the objectives that academic content seeks to achieve. The model of learning consists of five facets and considers the first two facets (positive attitudes toward learning) and the fifth facets (productive habits of the mind) as the base or medium for learning. This is done through the ability to perform and memorize the skill and link what the learner acquires to previous experience. University is also one of the most crucial stages in a learner's life. This is because of its crucial role in preparing him to learn theories to continue his education. It also prepares him for practical life and reveals his preparations. The research problem is identified in the educational methods used in teaching this subject, as well as the method of explanation and clarification on the educational side of the main section, to ensure that the explanation is not repeated and the information is returned to the learner again on the applied side of the main section, and to take advantage of the time in performing the skills with more repetitions, so that these times or periods are prolonged. This causes the learners to become tired and bored, which does not result in the anticipated benefit from the applied side of the learning process. Therefore, the researcher resorted to educational alternatives using the Marzano model. This may have a positive impact on learning handball players' shooting skills. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal groups (experimental and control) with pre and post-tests. The research community was determined by the second-year students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon for the academic year (2022-2023), whose number is (122) students. The sample of the main experiment included (40) students and was divided into two groups (control and experimental) with (20) students for each group, and the statistical package (SPSS) was used for data processing.
The effects of special exercises using aids on some physical abilities and the long jump achievement for ages 15-16
Authors: Nasser Saadoun , Tarish Hassan Nouri
Published: November 2024

The long jump is an arena and field sport that is mostly dependent on maximal speed, explosive power, and speed power. The researchers employ novel aids in this performance, which is distinguished by a distinctive artistic performance that produces the dynamic style of this performance. This category additionally includes the creation of training techniques based on the use of aids and scientific methodologies during the training process because of the significance of this and the reduction in the digital level. Furthermore, there is a significant disparity between the numbers registered in the long jump event and the age group of young people. This decrease might be caused by a variety of factors, including physical frailty. As a result, the researchers turned to performance-based aids to assist jumpers in training in the appropriate direction and developing physical factors. The aim of this research was to increase junior long jumpers' ability by preparing exercises with assistance. The researchers assumed that there were statistically significant variations in physical ability and accomplishment between the research samples before and post-tests. The research sample consisted of four (4) players from Baghdad governorate's premier junior class. For the research sample, which numbers (4), the researchers employed the experimental approach and cardiac tests were performed on 1/7/2022. The training curriculum was developed and implemented over a period of eight weeks, following which post-tests were administered on March 9, 2022, and the findings of the study variables were determined.
The impact of Hyperoxic training on the development of various physiological variables in basketball players under the age of 18
Authors: Almayly Naseem Hussein , ALmuslimawy Suhail Jasim , Amir Naser Hussein Abdul
Published: November 2024

Basketball is one of the competitive sports activities characterized by variable motor performance, and because of the large number of moves and the proximity of the opponent, as well as the participation of all team players in the offensive and defensive processes, which requires internal physiological adaptations that enable players to acquire special physical abilities and master skills well. The aim of the research is to prepare exercises using hyperoxic and to identify the effect of hyperoxic exercises in developing some physiological variables for players under the age of 18 in basketball. The researcher utilized the experimental technique since it was appropriate for the nature and aims of the research, and the research community was comprised of (12) players from Al-Hilla Basketball Club (2022-2023). To complete the investigation, the researcher has several current methodologies and instruments. The study comprised completing post-tests and statistically processing the data using proper statistical tests and methodologies for a period of (6) weeks, at a pace of (3) training units each week, at a rate of (18) training units. The essential finding is that hyperoxic workouts are extremely crucial in the development of physiological variables. Hyperoxic activities aid in the development of strength and quickness. The most important recommendations are the use of exercises to increase oxygen by trainers and in all sports to save effort and time while achieving training goals; and the use of exercises to increase oxygen during semi-competitions and competitions because of the impact on the development of physiological variables.
The effect of the constructive technique (active learning cycle) on students' development of some volleyball skills and cognitive achievement
Authors: Ghazi Hazem Ali , Matansh Hussam Hussein
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the constructive approach, the active learning cycle, on cognitive accomplishment and the acquisition of some volleyball abilities for students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Al-Qadisiyah. In addition to before and post measurements of the variables under inquiry, the researcher utilized the experimental approach (a control group and an experimental group). The researcher created an accomplishment exam with (115) paragraphs and tested it on a sample of second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year 2021/2022. Division (D) represented the control group, which was acquired in the traditional manner, whereas Division (E) represented the experimental group, which learned using the active learning cycle technique. The statistical bag (spss) was used for the statistical procedures, and the research yielded numerous outcomes, including the presence of statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. Which employed the active learning cycle technique to teach the control group the skills of sending and receiving transmission as well as knowledge acquisition in volleyball. The study came to the conclusion that adopting the active learning cycle helped students master some volleyball skills. Based on the findings, the researcher made a number of recommendations that might aid in the learning and development of teaching techniques used during physical education and sports science lessons, as well as for various games and in current ways. The learning process happens quickly and without boredom.
The First Seven chapters at Sibawayh (an analytical study)
Authors: Jalood Sadeq Omair
Published: November 2024

All thanks to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers for Muhammad (peace be upon him) after. The book of Sibawayh is a linguistic blog that discusses language as a tool for human communication. As this book showed the method of the Arab mind in dealing with grammatical topics, claiming that the mind is the fairest of all things divided among people, as Descartes declared it. No one passes about the truth that the body of Sibawayh’s book is not Sibawayh's alone. But it is also for a group of Arab scholars who exerted their best efforts. This matter made analysts deal with more than one path or product in the analysis. Here arise forms that can be put as follows: Who is the legitimate father of travel?  Perhaps the interpretations which dealt with this travel were able to stand on the purposes of Sibawayh and explore the depths of the travel according to its ontological and epistemological origins. Perhaps the interpretations that took up this travel were able to stand on the purposes of Sibawayh and discover the travel deeply according to its ontological and epistemological origins. It is proven that Sibawayh’s book is devoid of any introduction which shows the curriculum or its reason for synthesis, as we find with Ibn Jinni, Al-Jahidh, Al-Jurjani and others. This research seeks to study the first seven chapters of Sibawayh's book as an analytical study.  It deals with the statements which raise the question and the spirit of discussion. At the same time, carefully, it is a reading that observes Sibawayh's thoughts in directing grammatical rulings and dealing with them.  This is not considered a regression or an attack on this thought, but it is innocent and quarrelsome, and its purpose is to be useful.
The effect of an educational program through imaginative intervention according to the (PETTLEP) model in the development of students' kinesthetic handball perception
Authors: Kamel Hadeel Jalal , Razzaq Asaad Hussein Abdul , Hamza Salam Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The research aims to develop an educational programme for visual intervention in handball based on the PETTLEP model, as well as to assess the impact of the educational programme for visual intervention in handball based on the PETTLEP model on developing students' kinesthetic perception in handball. The second is in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Qasim Green University for the academic year (2022-2023). The kinesthetic perception tests (perceiving the place, perceiving the distance) were used with a hand reel, and the visual intervention programme (PETTLEP) was used on the experimental sample, and the number of sessions was (10), by (2) sessions per week for two days (Sunday, Tuesday), the educational unit time was (90) minutes, and the statistical bag (SPSS) was used to process the results. The study concluded that the visual intervention educational programme (PETTLEP) was effective in developing awareness of place and distance with handball among second-stage students. The researchers make several recommendations, the most important of which is to use the visual intervention programme (PETTLEP) to diagnose weaknesses in sensory-motor perception abilities in handball.
Building and codifying a special composite test for advanced football skills
Authors: Al-Hamidi Ali Hamad Samir
Published: November 2024

The research aimed to build and codify a special composite test to evaluate the skill status of advanced soccer players, and to find standard scores and levels for a special composite test to evaluate the skill status of advanced soccer players. The research community was deliberately identified and represented by football players applying in the Iraqi Premier League for Baghdad Governorate, who numbered nine clubs, with (27) players for each team. The research population, which represents the total population, was dealt with as a stratified sample and was divided randomly so that each group was an independent sample from the other, with a procedure separate from the other research procedures. Therefore, the sample consisted of (180) players, with a percentage of (70.6%), distributed among the nine clubs, and it was divided the main sample consists of three exploratory samples, a test construction sample, and a test application sample. The type of samples was divided according to scientific principles that suit the research problem in order to be consistent with the phenomenon studied. The study was completed by developing a particular composite skill test to assess the skill level of advanced soccer players. Developing standard scores and levels for the special composite skill test to assess the skill level of advanced soccer players. Furthermore, the applicability and validity of the specific composite skill test to assess the skill level of advanced soccer players.
The impact of an Entwistle-based educational curriculum on some student's artistic gymnastics skills
Authors: Khudair Khaled Neama , Hussein Ali Abdul Hassan
Published: November 2024

The study was significant since it used an Entostel model technique with auxiliary means to determine the effect on some cerebral capacities and artistic gymnastics capabilities. The researcher's personal desire to attempt anything new in order to attain the learner's highest levels while saving time and effort in mastering his skills led to the study challenge. The researcher opted to investigate learning methods based on Entwistle theory and implement its processes, which could be effective in improving students' mental capacity for learning. In addition to improving some of the technical performance of the investigated skills. Believing that educational communication and the integration of the process's fundamental pillars yield positive results. The study's goal was to create an educational program based on the Entwistle model for developing pupils' most significant cerebral talents as well as some artistic gymnastics capabilities. In addition, determines the impact of the Entwistle model's educational curriculum on the development of pupils' most significant mental capacities as well as some artistic gymnastics skills. The researcher employed the experimental approach to adapt to the nature and problem of the study, employing the control and experimental groups with pre-and post-testing. The study was limited to third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the academic year 2022-2023, with a total of 165 students divided into three academic divisions (B, C, and D).
Comparative Study of the Impact of Subscription Rates on the Operations and Profitability of Commercial and Takaful Insurance Companies: A Case Study of Solidarity Allaince Insurance Company (SAIC) and Syrian Islamic Insurance Company (SIIC)
Authors: Mansour Yomn Ahmad ,Alhoussami Majid Majed
Published: November 2024

The study aims to develop a statistical model to measure the impact of subscription rates on the operations (expressed as the total assets turnover rate) and profitability (expressed as the return on assets rate) of commercial and Takaful insurance companies. The study was conducted on Solidarity Allaince Insurance Company (SAIC) representing commercial insurance companies and Syrian Islamic Insurance Company (SIIC) representing Takaful insurance companies in Syria. The study period extended from 2010 to 2021. The main findings indicated a correlation between the total assets turnover rate and the return on assets rate with subscription rates within an acceptable range in both commercial and Takaful companies. Additionally, there was a positive impact of subscription rates (subscription premium growth rate) on the operations of commercial insurance companies, while it showed no impact on profitability rates. The study also revealed the positive impact of subscription rates (retention rate) on operations and (market share rate) on profitability within Takaful insurance companies.
Contextual correlation at the structure level
Authors: Mari Muhammad Saeed Hussein ,zakir Alya'a Yousif
Published: November 2024

At the research, I thank Allah for granting me success and facilitating it, where I can wander through the vast expanses of the Holy Qur’an, which amazed people with its organization, perfection, and clarification. This research concludes the following:The Noble Qur’an has a wonderful, tightly fitting cohesive parts. Despite the long time periods of its revelation, it was cohesive from its beginning till the end.The science of correlation has emerged as one of the facets of the renewed Qur’anic miracle in every era.The contextual fit in similar words in the Holy Qur’an is a mirror of the Qur’an’s use of the word and identifies it without other counterparts because it reflects the most appropriate and accurate meaning in its context.The textual cohesion in the Qur’anic system highlights the beauty and miracle of the Qur’anic text.
Measuring and Analysis the Relationship between the Internal Public Debt and the Exchange Rate in the Iraqi Economy for The Period 2004 – 2022
Authors: Obaid Bassem Khamis , Abdullah Riyad Mazhar
Published: November 2024

The scholastic view of public religion differed, and this difference was on two extremes. Alleconomic schools agreed that public debt is a monetary liquidity that was unjustly deductedfrom the income and output cycle as a result of the imbalance in the economic balance and thedeparture from the conditions of balance between aggregate demand and aggregate supply.Debt is a waste of financial resources allocated to productive accumulation. Except for theKeynesian school, which considers public debt to be an addition to aggregate demand after thedecline in the role of the private sector in investment as a result of pessimistic expectations thatwarn of signs of economic contraction. Public debt is linked to the exchange rate through theinterest rate channel, so that public debt causes competition for financial resources. Thiscompetition results in an increase in the local interest rate, which results in an increase indemand for the local currency with the aim of increasing investment, and the demand for thelocal currency raises the price of the local currency. Which means that there is an indirectrelationship between public debt and the exchange rate, but this relationship may create damagein the balance of payments in the near future. They assumed the existence of a long-term causalrelationship between internal public debt and the exchange rate. The main goal of this researchis to verify the economic relationship between the investigated variables, using thecointegration model and the error term correction vector model to prove the researchhypothesis. And the Kranger model of causality between the variables. The research reachedthe most prominent conclusion, which is that individual expectations for the internal publicdebt after each annual deficit in the state’s general budget cause a decrease in the value of thelocal currency due to the increase in demand for the dollar and the decrease in demand for thedinar, which means that there is causality in one direction. From internal public debt to theexchange rate, this is what was proven by the results of Kranger’s causality test.
Iraqi EFL University students attitudes towards Self-Regulated Learning on improving Listening skill
Authors: Yaseen Alshaima’a Hasany
Published: November 2024

The study aim at investigating the Iraqi EFL University students' attitudes towards Self-Regulated Learning on improving Listening skill. Participants of the current study were 80 female and male fourth-year university student in the Department of English Language at the College of Education for Humanities/University of Tikrit. The instrument is a questionnaire the Self-Regulated Learning in Listening Questionnaire. Furthermore, the study's results revealed that the incorporation of training in self-regulation activities yielded a beneficial effect on students' listening abilities. The study proposes that given the substantial impact of self-regulatory strategies, it appears pertinent to conduct a comprehensive examination of the role of self-regulation in the acquisition of a foreign language. This investigation aims to enhance our comprehension of the progression of self-regulation in foreign language learning, as well as explore how language instructors can effectively assist learners in employing self-regulatory strategies to foster positive beliefs regarding their language learning capabilities.
Cognitive structures among middle school students
Authors: Hantoush Hind Rami ,AlBadri Nabil AbdelAziz
Published: November 2024

The current research aims to identify 1 - the maladaptive cognitive structures of middle school students. 2,Statistically significant differences in non-adaptive cognitive structures according to the gender variable (males - females) .  Statistically significant differences in non-adaptive cognitive structures according to the specialization variable (scientific Humanitarian). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of maladaptive cognitive structures consisting of: items. The researcher applied the tool to the research sample that was chosen randomly and consisted of(40) male and female students from the preparatory stage(300). The results of the research showed that the students of the preparatory stage Preparatory school and their critical age stage, which is characterized by rapid physical growth and changes Due to the abundance of derivatives around them, they appeared to have non-adaptive cognitive structures. Although male and female preparatory school students received the same and similar experiences, no difference appeared between them in their cognitive structures Non-adaptive, and there appeared a difference in specialization in favor of scientific specialization.
Cognitive Style (Risk-Taking – Caution) Among Graduate Students
Authors: Al-Obaidi Athar Ayad ,AlBadri Nabil AbdelAziz
Published: November 2024

The current research aims to identify the level of cognitive style (Risk-Taking – Caution) among graduate students, and the statistically significant differences in cognitive style (Risk-Taking – Caution) according to the variable (gender/male – female). Also, the statistically significant differences in cognitive style according to the variable (specialization/scientific – humanities). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the Al-Rawi (2022) scale, which consists of 23 items, with each item having two points for risk-taking and one point for caution. The researcher extracted the psychometric properties, including discrimination and validity (both logical and apparent validity), while reliability was obtained using the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The researcher applied the tool to a randomly selected research sample consisting of 300 graduate students, with 150 male and 150 female students from various faculties and departments of Tikrit University. The statistical methods used in the research include Chi-square test, one-sample t-test, independent two-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha equation. The study revealed that graduate students exhibit a high level of psychological skills and cognitive style (Risk-Taking – Caution). Additionally, there are statistically significant differences in the cognitive style (Risk-Taking, Caution) scale according to the variables of gender and specialization.
The effect of the physical education program in improving motor coordination and adaptive behavior for students with mild mental disabilities
Authors: Ali Abeer Muhammad Nouri
Published: November 2024

Mental disability has become viewed as a natural human phenomenon that requires dealing with it in a very positive manner. The mentally disabled have also become viewed as human individuals who deserve more care and attention in their upbringing and education so that they have the ability to adapt to the demands of life and make their way to life. The limits permitted by their abilities and energies. Hence the importance of research into developing the motor compatibility of the disabled child in order to develop adaptive behavior for them. Physical education programs at an early stage for the mentally disabled are of particular importance because the child begins to search for himself and the world around him through motor wandering and motor experiences, so what he has learned becomes a basis. Knowledge is based on and built upon. The research was conducted on a sample of students from the Raja Institute for Mental Disability in the city of Hilla. They are students with mild mental disabilities who are capable of learning for the academic year 2023-2024. The number of students was (20) students who were divided into two equal groups. An experimental design with two groups (experimental and control) was used to achieve the research objectives. The researcher used motor compatibility tests represented by the test (running, digital circles, crawling), and the adaptive behavior scale prepared by the American Association for Mental Disability and which was developed in Jordan by Al-Kilani. And Al-Batsh (2000). The researcher concluded the following:

The proposed physical education program has a positive effect in developing motor coordination and adaptive behavior in children with mild mental disabilities (who are capable of learning).

Implementing the proposed program for the mentally disabled in addition to preparing special programs for this group, due to its effective impact on developing both motor and cognitive abilities.
The impact of the generative learning methodology on teaching artistic Gymnastics Law to fourth-year Female Students
Authors: Kazim Suad Khairy
Published: November 2024

Evaluate the effectiveness of the generative learning model in teaching artistic gymnastics law to female fourth-stage students at the University of Babylon's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
To determine the variations in cognitive accomplishment between the control and experimental study groups after teaching the artistic gymnastics law.

The research hypotheses are that fourth-stage female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Babylon, have significantly higher cognitive achievement of the artistic gymnastics law after post-testing.
The researcher utilized an experimental approach. The fourth-year female students at the University of Babylon's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences deliberated on the research community for the academic year 2022-2023. One of the reasons for this decision is that the topic (artistic gymnastics) is presented at this level. This is one of the subjects in the first semester. At present, there are 40 female students in the research sample, which was randomly divided into 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group.
The researcher's conclusion was as follows:

The strategy used, and the generative learning model, increased cognitive success when teaching artistic gymnastics law.
In post-tests, the generative learning model beat the previously used strategy regarding cognitive accomplishment.

The researcher recommended the following:
1. Implementing this concept to include additional sports activities in other cognitive and practical curricula.2. Instructing faculty members in the department to use this paradigm in general and practical curricula.3. Conducting scientific studies using current techniques or tactics and comparing results of this model to assess its efficacy in the educational process.
Employing SHlNO_Glaze technology using local materials and applying it to high-temperature clays
Authors: Harez Ali Hussein , Hussein Ammar Hussein Fadhel , Jalil Ihab Munim
Published: November 2024

This research is concerned with studying (SHlNO_Glaze technology using local materials), which consists of five chapters: The first chapter included a presentation of the research problem to find out what variables the technique causes when added to the surface of pottery? While the importance of the research came to increase scientific knowledge, in addition to the scarcity of its use, which makes it surrounded by a kind of mystery about the extent of its color and texture transformations, while the research aims to reveal the technical effects resulting in ceramic glass. The limits of the research include the addition of red earth and potassium feldspar. Calcium feldspar and soda ash, in addition to colored oxides, are high-temperature clays (1250 degrees Celsius). While the second chapter contained the theoretical framework and previous studies, this chapter reviewed the clays and their uses, as well as the types of clays found in their locations. It reviewed the structure of the glass and its compatibility with the pottery body and the classification of the glass in terms of chemical composition and maturation temperatures. This chapter also reviewed the coloring oxides through which it was identified. The researcher studied the oxides of copper, cobalt, iron, and tin, which determine the color and texture. This chapter also reviewed the techniques of special effects in porcelain glass, the firing atmospheres, and the types of reduction. The third chapter included the selection of materials added to the glass mixture based on colored oxides, which are considered the most common coloring oxides for potters, which are copper oxide (CuO), cobalt oxide (CoO), tin oxide (zn), and iron oxide (feo). In the golden ratios to the glass mixture, while fixing the ratios of the glass mixture and limiting the variable only to the chino, as it was applied to kaolin clay, the number of glazed models reached (12) models. As for the fourth chapter, it included the research sample, and the number of samples reached (12) samples representing the majority of the research population. They were reviewed with percentages and temperatures and were discussed according to each sample and its variable. The fifth chapter included conclusions, including :Adding recommendations, suggestions, sources, appendices, and a summary in English.
Role of School Leadership in Context of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
Authors: RATHER Dr Tariq
Published: November 2024

The study reveals concept of school leadership in context of major education policies of Indiaincluding NEP 2020. It explores brief introduction, achievements and failures of nationaleducation policies of India like National Policy on Education (1968), National EducationPolicy (1986) and NEP 2020. The study also reveals some basic tenets of NEP 2020 whichincludes an equitable and inclusive education, continuous professional development andcareer management and progression, efficient resourcing and effective governance, standardsetting and accreditation. The main part of study deals with role and performance of schoolleaders in context of, transparency, effectiveness and accountability type of indicators. It alsoassesses vision and mission of NEP 2020 in school leadership perspective.
Skill performance in relation to attention focus and response speed in futsal for female students
Authors: Abbas Sahar Yassin
Published: November 2024

The research aims to predict skill performance based on two cognitive variables: attention focus and response speed in futsal for female students. The researcher used a descriptive approach with survey methods and correlational and predictive relationships. The research population consisted of fourth-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon for the academic year 2022-2023, totaling 38 students. The researcher selected all of them to represent the research sample subsequently, tests for cognitive processes were conducted at the University of Babylon using an electronic device (Saeed-Haitham device). Skill performance tests (passing, dribbling, shooting) in futsal were also conducted. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used for statistical analysis to process the results. Among the findings of the research was the derivation of a predictive equation for skill performance in futsal based on cognitive processes (attention focus, response speed) among female students. The recommendations from the research emphasized the necessity of focusing on higher cognitive processes during the learning and performance of futsal skills across different age groups, including both genders, particularly female students, as these processes help to define specific movement pathways for performance based on the nature of the skills.
The impact of cooperative-style exercises on students' learning of basic tennis abilities
Authors: Kazim Jabbar Ali , Sajit Hussein Manati
Published: November 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of exercises based on the cooperative method on students' learning of some basic skills in tennis. The researchers used the experimental method with a design of two equivalent groups with pre-tests and post-tests. This design was appropriate for the nature of the research problem. The research community was defined as third-year students in the Physical Education and Sports Science Department at Al-Safwa University, totalling 96 students divided into three sections. A random sample, represented by Section A, was selected. The sample consisted of 31 students, accounting for 32.291% of the research community. They were subsequently divided into control and experimental groups, with 12 students in each group, excluding 7 students due to injury and irregular attendance. The researchers, relying on sources and scientific studies, prepared educational exercises. Below are some clarifications on the exercises used in the study. The duration of the educational exercises was 10 weeks, with a total of 10 educational units in the curriculum. The duration of each educational unit was 90 minutes. One of the most important conclusions reached by the researchers is that the exercises based on the cooperative learning method positively impacted the development of basic tennis skills for students. The cooperative learning method can be effectively used to teach basic tennis skills to students.
The impact of a repetitious training approach on improving speed endurance for the 100m running event in a sample of second-year students at the Open Educational College
Authors: Bajir Hassn Mohammad
Published: November 2024

The subject lacks practical use correctly, and also unlike some sources and studies in the extent of developing short-term speed tolerance, here the research problem emerged in trying to use the researcher for the iterative method, which contributes to improving the speed endurance of the effectiveness of running (100 m) through the size required by this effectiveness to achieve good results, The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the iterative method in the development of speed and in the assumptions statistical significance between the pre-and post-tests to withstand the speed and the researcher used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research and the research community was students of the Open Educational College and the researcher chose them a sample of (10) students and either conclusion There was a clear improvement in the development of speed tolerance and moral differences. The researcher recommended emphasising the use of repetitive training and other training methods.
The effect of skill exercises based on the cooperative learning method on acquiring some basic futsal skills for female students
Authors: Ali Ghaith Hassan , Muhammad Firas Hadi
Published: November 2024

The research aims to prepare skill exercises using the cooperative learning method. In learning some basic skills with the feet football for female students and learning about the effect of the cooperative learning method in learning some basic skills in Futsal football. The researchers used the experimental method with the design of the experimental and control groups, including pre-test and post-test. This was suitable for the nature of the research, which targeted first-year female students (25 students). A sample of (20) students was selected and distributed equally into an experimental group and a control group, with (10) students in each group. The researchers identified the basic skills in futsal, which are (passing, receiving, and shooting), based on the curriculum for the first year in college. They then conducted pre-tests on the sample individuals in both the experimental and control groups before starting the implementation of the educational program to determine the level of basic skills tests in futsal. The researchers prepared exercises according to the cooperative learning method, relying on sources and references, with the help of experts in the field, to include (16) educational units, applying two educational units weekly with a duration of (90) minutes for each unit. Then, they conducted equivalence between the research groups (control and experimental), and after completing the educational program, they conducted post-tests for both the experimental and control groups. The results were extracted, and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results. Subsequently, the results were presented, analyzed, and discussed. The researchers concluded that the first-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Babylon showed that the cooperative learning method significantly addressed individual differences.
The concept of oral media
Authors: Hussein Bader Nasser
Published: November 2024

The oral field in the lives of societies is witnessing many important developments, because of which orality has become the subject of various studies, especially studies that have taken linguistic approaches or those related to audio and visual images or those related to spoken or written language. Orality can maintain its characteristics in light of technology and modern media, which feed on achieving the greatest possible level of communication. If oral history is the collection and study of important events and historical information about individuals and families or daily life using audio or video recordings as well as interview transcripts, then oral media is the way to successfully transfer knowledge and human communication to broader and more spacious ranges. Oral history seeks to obtain information from different points of view, more than what can be found in written sources. It also refers to information collected by the method into a written work (published or unpublished) based on this data, often preserved in archives and large libraries.
Translating Molecular Heterogeneity into Precision Medicine for Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: Addissouky Tamer A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Liver fibrosis arises from chronic hepatic injury and involves the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis progression ultimately leads to cirrhosis, characterized by architectural distortion and complications. Molecular profiling has identified prognostic transcriptomic subtypes, but management remains limited for advanced disease.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify recent advances in characterizing liver cirrhosis subtypes and emerging therapies. Electronic databases were searched using relevant terms, and studies published between 2020-2023 involving human subjects were included.

Results: We identified three transcriptomic subtypes (inflammatory, proliferative, cholangiocyte-associated) associated with varying prognoses. Genetic variants like PNPLA3 and HLA alleles influence disease risk. Novel antifibrotic agents targeting hepatic stellate cells and molecular drivers showed promising preclinical efficacy. Observational studies reported association of agents like Obet cholic acid and vitamin E with histologic benefits in early fibrosis.

Conclusion: While addressing etiologies remains key, limitations persist for established cirrhosis without approved antifibrotics. Priorities include developing noninvasive diagnostics, studying early interventions, and validating antifibrotic pipelines informed by molecular subclassification. Precision therapies may help curb advancing cirrhosis worldwide.
Obesity Significantly Modifies Signaling Pathways Associated with Bone Remodeling and Metabolism
Authors: Armutcu Ferah , McCloskey Eugene , Ince Mehmet
Published: November 2024

It is obvious that obesity-related diseases are increasing in parallel with the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Cardiovascular disease, multiple cancers, stroke, type 2 diabetes and many other non-communicable diseases are more likely to develop in people living with obesity compared to those living at a healthy weight. In recent years, deeper investigation of the role of multi-organ interaction mechanisms in obesity and related chronic diseases has contributed to the development of new treatment and prevention strategies for obesity and its related-diseases. Bone tissue is also one of those target tissues in obesity. In this sense, the involvement of adipokines derived from adipose tissue in bone metabolism through hormonal and inflammatory factors suggests that obesity may be metabolically associated with bone loss. Moreover, recent epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that obesity might be a risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. In obesity, various mechanisms affect bone remodeling and may be involved in the development of osteoporosis by triggering or modifying signaling pathways through the release of adipokines from adipose tissue and osteokines from bone. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between obesity and osteoporosis by focusing on the complex and reciprocal interaction between adipose tissue and bone tissue, discussing the changes in signaling pathways.
Indole Family and Neomycin Sulfate: Inductors of Differentiation in C2C12 and RD cell Lines
Authors: Milanesi Lorena , Vasconsuelo Andrea , Pronsato Lucía , Frattini Natalia , Blanco Nicolás
Published: November 2024

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly aggressive tumor primarily affecting the pediatric population, that generally originates from a failure in the embryonic differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Standard treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with a poor prognosis, especially when it spreads to other parts of the body, highlighting the need for new treatment approaches. In this study, cellular differentiation was investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for an embryonal subtype of RMS (eRMS) employing a human eRMS cell line, RD; and comparing it with a normal murine myoblast cell line, C2C12. We observed that not only a serum free or a low serum concentration in the cultured medium induce morphological changes towards differentiations, but also staurosporine, bisindolylmaleimide, and neomycin sulfate (direct or indirect protein kinase inhibitors) induces differentiation in RD and C2C12 cell lines, suggesting a crucial role of PKC, PLC and its signaling pathways in a proliferation/differentiation switch.

These findings underscore the importance of exploring cellular differentiation as a therapeutic strategy against RMS and highlight the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms of kinase inhibitor-induced cellular differentiation as a potential cancer treatment.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Materi Program Linear Ditinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif Field-Dependent dan Field-Independent
Authors: Zahro Solikhati , Zuhri Zainullah
Published: November 2024

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah materi program linier ditinjau dari gaya kognitif Field-Dependent dan Field-Independent . Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini diantaranya yaitu tes gaya kognitif (tes GEFT ), tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan pedoman wawancara. Subjek yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah 4 orang siswa yang diambil dari kelas XI SMK Dewantoro Purwosari. Pengambilan subjek tersebut berdasarkan hasil tes GEFT yang telah dilakukan adalah 2 siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field-Dependent dan 2 siswa dengan gaya kognitif Field-Independent . Teknik pengambilan informasi yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ialah tes GEFT , tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan pedoman wawancara. Selanjutnya teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Pada tahap pemeriksaan keabsahan data, penelitian ini memakai teknik tringulasi yaitu tes dan wawancara.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa siswa yang mempunyai gaya kognitif Field-Dependent mempunyai kemampuan berpikir kritis yang cukup tinggi. Dan mampu memenuhi 3 indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis diantaranya ialah tahap analisis, tahap evaluasi dan tahap inferensi (kesimpulan). Sedangkan tahap interpretasi subjek FD1 tergolong cukup memenuhi sedangkan FD2 tergolong belum memenuhi. Sedangkan siswa yang mempunyai gaya kognitif Field-Independent mempunyai kemampuan berpikir kritis yang tinggi. Dan mampu memenuhi 4 indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis diantaranya ialah tahap interpretasi, tahap analisis, tahap evaluasi dan tahap inferensi (kesimpulan).
 
Kata Kunci : Kemampuan berpikir kritis, program linear, gaya kognitif
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Tari Bambu Terhadap Kemampuan Memahami Isi Cerita Lisan Siswa Kelas V SDN Mejoyolosari Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Dwinata Anggara Dwinata , Ahmad Faizi  , Kemil Wachidah  , Dodik Eko Yulianto  , Rista Febi Wulandari
Published: November 2024

Indonesian is an important aspect in developing speaking, reading, writing and listening skills. Understanding the contents of oral stories in Indonesian language subjects is a synthesis between aspects of reading and speaking as a form of comprehensive understanding in training precision and accuracy in understanding the contents of stories. This research aims to describe the influence of the bamboo dance learning model on the ability to understand the co
Indonesian is an important aspect in developing speaking, reading, writing and listening skills. Understanding the contents of oral stories in Indonesian language subjects is a synthesis between aspects of reading and speaking as a form of comprehensive understanding in training precision and accuracy in understanding the contents of stories. This research aims to describe the influence of the bamboo dance learning model on the ability to understand the contents of oral stories of class V students at SDN Mejoyolosari Jombang Regency. The research sample was all 18 class V students. The data analysis technique uses the t test and average results. The research results prove that there is a significant influence with an average pre-test of 55.00 and post-test of 77.22, and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 (significance level guidelines). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence of the bamboo dance learning model on the ability to understand the contents of oral stories of class V students at SDN Mejoyolosari, Jombang Regency.
ntents of oral stories of class V students at SDN Mejoyolosari Jombang Regency. The research sample was all 18 class V students. The data analysis technique uses the t test and average results. The research results prove that there is a significant influence with an average pre-test of 55.00 and post-test of 77.22, and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 (significance level guidelines). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence of the bamboo dance learning model on the ability to understand the contents of oral stories of class V students at SDN Mejoyolosari, Jombang Regency.