bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Exchange in Global Health: an innovative educational approach to foster socially responsible overseas collaboration
Authors: Bowen Keith , Barry Michele , Jowell Ashley , Maddah Diana , Alami Nael H.
Published: June 2021

Educators who design and manage study abroad programs face a series of ethical responsibilities. Meeting these responsibilities is critical in the field of global health, where study abroad programs are often designed to provide healthcare services in under-resourced communities. Leaders in global health have thus formed working groups to study the ethical implications of overseas programming and have led the way in establishing socially responsible best practices for study abroad. Their recommendations include development of bidirectional programming that is designed for mutual and equitable benefits, focused on locally identified needs and priorities, attentive to local community costs, and structured to build local capacity to ensure sustainability. Implementation remains a key challenge, however. Sustainable, bidirectional programming is difficult and costly. In the present study, authors questioned how technology could be used to connect students of global health in distant countries to make socially responsible global health programming more accessible. Drawing on empirical research in the learning sciences and leveraging best practices in technology design, the authors developed a Virtual Exchange in Global Health to connect university students in the U.S. with counterparts in Lebanon, who worked in teams to address humanitarian problems in Syrian refugee camps. Early results demonstrate the value of this approach. At dramatically lower cost than traditional study abroad—and with essentially no carbon footprint—students recognized complementary strengths in each other through bidirectional programming, learned about local needs and priorities through Virtual Reality, and built sustaining relationships while addressing a difficult real-world problem. The authors learned that technology could effectively facilitate socially responsible global health programming and do so at low cost. The program has important implications for teaching and learning during the COVID-19 crisis and beyond.
Association between preoperative level of hemoglobin A1c and the incidence of acute kindey injury after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Samir Ghada Mohamed , Omar Omar Mohamed Ali Mohamed , Zidan Madiha Metwally , Fawzy Hazem Abd El Rahman , El Far Marwa Mamdouh Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Background

The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important indicator of clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. Elevated preoperative hemoglobin A1c level may be associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. This study will investigate the association of preoperative HbA1c levels with AKI after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Results

Forty patients undergoing elective CABG were enrolled in this cohort study. Patients are divided into 2 equal groups who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): patients with preoperative HbA1c 5.7–6.4% (group A) (prediabetics) and patients with preoperative HbA1c > or = 6.5% (group B) (diabetics). Acute kidney injury according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria developed in 11 patients (27.5%). There was a significant difference between the two groups as regards postoperative urinary NGAL, creatinine level on the 1st day, creatinine level on the 2nd day, urine output on the 1st day, and urine output on the 2nd day (p value was 0.001, 0.002, 0.006, 0.0002, and 0.012 respectively). Postoperative ICU stay duration was statistically significant in the diabetic group (P value 0.009). The need for renal replacement therapy was higher in the diabetic group, but it was not statistically significant between the two groups. Roc analysis shows AUC 0.922 with a significant p value (< 0.0001) and cut of value (≥ 7) with sensitivity 81.82 and specificity 93.10.

Conclusion

This study revealed that elevated preoperative HbA1c level above 7% showed an increase in incidence of post CABG acute kidney injury along with increase length of postoperative ICU stay.
A comprehensive review of the benefits of Taraxacum officinale on human health
Authors: Di Napoli Agnese , Zucchetti Pietro
Published: June 2021

Background

Taraxacum officinale (G.H. Weber ex Wiggers), commonly known as dandelion, is a herbaceous plant native to North America, Europe and Asia. This plant has been used for health purposes since ancient times. The phytochemicals present in different parts of the plant are responsible for its medicinal properties. In this review, we describe the main health properties of Taraxacum officinale.

Main body of the abstract

We searched for the main medicinal properties of Taraxacum officinale in the scientific literature, using the PubMed database. We selected 54 studies and we described twelve therapeutic properties, which are reported in previous studies. These properties are diuretic, hepatoprotective, anticolitis, immunoprotective, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant and anticancer effects. We also found that the most frequently reported therapeutic effects include hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anticancer activities.

Short conclusion

In this review, we describe the medicinal properties of Taraxacum officinale reported in previous studies. Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects are mostly found in the scientific literature.
Lung perfusion findings on perfusion SPECT/CT imaging in non-hospitalized de-isolated patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19 infection
Authors: Evbuomwan Osayande , Engelbrecht Gerrit , Bergman Melissa V. , Mokwena Sello , Ayeni Oluwatosin A.
Published: June 2021

Background

The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the incidence and type of lung perfusion abnormalities in non-hospitalized patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19 infection after de-isolation. Data from 56 non-hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection referred to our nuclear medicine department from July–December 2020 for a perfusion only SPECT/CT study or a ventilation perfusion SPECT/CT study were collected. Images were assessed for the presence and type of perfusion defects. The CT component of the study was also assessed for the presence of mosaic attenuation and COVID pneumonia changes.

Results

Thirty-two (57.1%) cases had perfusion defects. There were 20 (35.7%) cases with defects in keeping with pulmonary embolism, 17 (30.4%) cases with defects associated with mosaic attenuation but not due to pulmonary embolism, and 6 (10.7%) of cases with defects due to pulmonary infiltrates from COVID pneumonia. A total of 24 (42.9%) cases had mosaic attenuation on CT, with 10 (17.9%) of them showing a pattern likely consistent with shunting on the perfusion images.

Conclusion

Lung perfusion abnormalities are a common finding in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild disease. They are usually either due to pulmonary embolism, parenchymal infiltrates, or other causes of mosaic attenuation related to, but not specific to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. The value of VQ SPECT/CT imaging is also shown in this study, in detecting and differentiating the various types of perfusion abnormalities.
Useless Tribute, Desirable Exotics
Authors: Li Yiwen
Published: June 2021

During the premodern era, folding fans were among the few handicrafts that China imported from Japan. The availability of Japanese folding fans in China changed along with Sino-Japanese relations. They were rare during the Northern Song due to the suspension of diplomatic relations, but after the Ming court reestablished a tributary relationship with the Ashikaga shogunate in the early fifteenth century, many more Japanese folding fans entered China via tribute trade. The scholar-officials, who generally admired the delicate Japanese-made folding fans, chose to emphasize different values of the fans in different contexts. The Japanese folding fans were “useless tribute” in the scholar-officials' public writings, but in reality the “Japan” brand actually increased the commercial value of the fans in the market.
Maternal RNF114-mediated target substrate degradation regulates zygotic genome activation in mouse embryos
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Guo Yueshuai , Sun Haifeng , Liu Lu , Yao Liping , Liu Chao , He Yuanlin , Cao Shanren , Zhou Cheng , Li Mingrui , Cao Yumeng , Wang Congjing , Lu Qianneng , Li Wei , Guo Xuejiang , Huo Ran
Published: June 2021

Zygotic genomic activation (ZGA) is a landmark event in the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), and the regulation of ZGA by maternal factors remains to be elucidated. In this study, the depletion of maternal ring finger protein 114 (RNF114), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, led to developmental arrest of two-cell mouse embryos. Using immunofluorescence and transcriptome analysis, RNF114 was proven to play a crucial role in major ZGA. To study the underlying mechanism, we performed protein profiling in mature oocytes and found a potential substrate for RNF114, chromobox 5 (CBX5), ubiquitylation and degradation of which was regulated by RNF114. The overexpression of CBX5 prevented embryonic development and impeded major ZGA. Furthermore, TAB1 was abnormally accumulated in mutant two-cell embryos, which was consistent with the result of in vitro knockdown of Rnf114. Knockdown of Cbx5 or Tab1 in maternal RNF114-depleted embryos partially rescued developmental arrest and the defect of major ZGA. In summary, our study reveals that maternal RNF114 plays a precise role in degrading some important substrates during the MZT, the misregulation of which may impede the appropriate activation of major ZGA in mouse embryos.
Diagnostic reference levels in paediatric fluoroscopy: how does a secondary referral centre compare with 2018 European guidelines?
Authors: Ashworth Emily , Woods Liam , Cook J Valmai
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

To compare diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in paediatric fluoroscopy at a secondary referral centre with 2018 European guidelines. Secondly, to compare secondary referral centre DRLs for paediatric fluoroscopy examinations not included in European guidelines with 2010 national UK DRLs.

Methods:

Paediatric fluoroscopy studies were grouped by age (groups: 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 years) for examination type and analysed retrospectively, over a period of 14 years. DRLs were compared with European DRLs (micturating cystourethrograms (MCUs)) and 2010 UK national DRLs (contrast swallows and meals).

Results:

1,586 studies were performed (49% MCUs; 31% meals; 9% swallows). For all age groups, DRLs for MCUs were lower than European DRLs by up to a factor 58 x (1 year age group: secondary referral centre DRL 12 mGycm2 vs European DRL 700 mGycm2). For contrast swallows and meals, 75th percentile doses were lower than 2010 UK national 25th percentile doses in all age groups.

Conclusion:

Maintaining low doses of ionising radiation is particularly important in paediatrics, and our study has found that it is possible to achieve low paediatric fluoroscopy doses in a secondary referral centre setting.

Advances in knowledge:

Our data may prove useful to other centres and could contribute towards future European DRLs.
Ultrasound evaluation of ovarian masses and assessment of the extension of ovarian malignancy
Authors: Moro Francesca , Esposito Rosanna , Landolfo Chiara , Froyman Wouter , Timmerman Dirk , Bourne Tom , Scambia Giovanni , Valentin Lil , Testa Antonia Carla
Published: June 2021

The current review sums up the literature on the diagnostic performance of models to predict malignancy in adnexal masses and the ability of ultrasound to make a specific diagnosis in adnexal masses. A summary of the role of ultrasound in assessing the extension of malignant ovarian disease is also provided.
Pulmonary embolism severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tilliridou Vicky , Kirkbride Rachael , Dickinson Rebecca , Tiernan James , Yong Guo Liang , van Beek Edwin JR , Murchison John T , Williams Michelle Claire
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Early in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a high frequency of pulmonary embolism was identified. This audit aims to assess the frequency and severity of pulmonary embolism in 2020 compared to 2019.

Methods:

In this retrospective audit, we compared computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) frequency and pulmonary embolism severity in April and May 2020, compared to 2019. Pulmonary embolism severity was assessed with the Modified Miller score and the presence of right heart strain was assessed. Demographic information and 30-day mortality was identified from electronic health records.

Results:

In April 2020, there was a 17% reduction in the number of CTPA performed and an increase in the proportion identifying pulmonary embolism (26%, n = 68/265 vs 15%, n = 47/320, p < 0.001), compared to April 2019. Patients with pulmonary embolism in 2020 had more comorbidities (p = 0.026), but similar age and sex compared to 2019. There was no difference in pulmonary embolism severity in 2020 compared to 2019, but there was an increased frequency of right heart strain in May 2020 (29 vs 12%, p = 0.029). Amongst 18 patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism, there was a larger proportion of males and an increased 30 day mortality (28% vs 6%, p = 0.008).

Conclusion:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the number of CTPA scans performed and an increase in the frequency of CTPA scans positive for pulmonary embolism. Patients with both COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism had an increased risk of 30-day mortality compared to those without COVID-19.

Advances in knowledge:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of CTPA performed decreased and the proportion of positive CTPA increased. Patients with both pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 had worse outcomes compared to those with pulmonary embolism alone.
Argonaute binding within human nuclear RNA and its impact on alternative splicing
Authors: Chu Yongjun , Yokota Shinnichi , Liu Jing , Kilikevicius Audrius , Johnson Krystal C. , Corey David R.
Published: June 2021

Mammalian RNA interference (RNAi) is often linked to the regulation of gene expression in the cytoplasm. Synthetic RNAs, however, can also act through the RNAi pathway to regulate transcription and splicing. While nuclear regulation by synthetic RNAs can be robust, a critical unanswered question is whether endogenous functions for nuclear RNAi exist in mammalian cells. Using enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) in combination with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and multiple AGO knockout cell lines, we mapped AGO2 protein binding sites within nuclear RNA. The strongest AGO2 binding sites were mapped to micro RNAs (miRNAs). The most abundant miRNAs were distributed similarly between the cytoplasm and nucleus, providing no evidence for mechanisms that facilitate localization of miRNAs in one compartment versus the other. Beyond miRNAs, most statistically significant AGO2 binding was within introns. Splicing changes were confirmed by RT-PCR and recapitulated by synthetic miRNA mimics complementary to the sites of AGO2 binding. These data support the hypothesis that miRNAs can control gene splicing. While nuclear RNAi proteins have the potential to be natural regulatory mechanisms, careful study will be necessary to identify critical RNA drivers of normal physiology and disease.
Case Report: Peptic ulcer disease following short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a 3-year-old child
Authors: Ciubotaru Alin Dumitru , Leferman Carmen-Ecaterina
Published: June 2021

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects 1-2 per 1000 people annually in the USA, the UK and Europe, and occurs less frequently in children than in adults. PUD in children occurs mainly during the second decade of development. Among risk factors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), commonly used to manage acute febrile illness or pain in healthy children, is rarely reported to lead to PUD and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Case presentation: We present a rare case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding following a low dose ibuprofen treatment in a 3-year-old female. The patient with a family history of peptic ulcer was admitted for fever, coffee-ground vomiting and abdominal pain. The clinical examination revealed an altered general health status with a distended and mildly tender abdomen moving normally with respiration as well as normal stool. The initial laboratory test indicated anemia with reticulocytosis. During the first hours of hospitalization, the patient had a second episode of coffee-ground vomiting. An upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy was performed in the following six hours revealing a non-bleeding gastric ulcer at 2 cm from pylorus. Helicobacter pylori testing was negative. The patient was treated with a proton pump inhibitor (esomeprazole 10 mg/day) for 2 months. There were no further gastrointestinal symptoms, hemoglobin values returned to normal and the follow-up endoscopy confirmed the healing of the ulcer.

Conclusion: The short-term utilization of NSAIDs in the appropriate dosage can lead to PUD, and considering the risk factors before administration can lead to an appropriate management.
BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS
Authors: Gaud Caroline , C. Sousa Bebiana , Nguyen An , Fedorova Maria , Ni Zhixu , O’Donnell Valerie B. , Wakelam Michael J.O. , Andrews Simon , Lopez-Clavijo Andrea F.
Published: June 2021

Lipidomics increasingly describes the quantification using mass spectrometry of all lipids present in a biological sample.  As the power of lipidomics protocols increase, thousands of lipid molecular species from multiple categories can now be profiled in a single experiment.  Observed changes due to biological differences often encompass large numbers of structurally-related lipids, with these being regulated by enzymes from well-known metabolic pathways.  As lipidomics datasets increase in complexity, the interpretation of their results becomes more challenging.  BioPAN addresses this by enabling the researcher to visualise quantitative lipidomics data in the context of known biosynthetic pathways.  BioPAN provides a list of genes, which could be involved in the activation or suppression of enzymes catalysing lipid metabolism in mammalian tissues.
Quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity are inversely related to angiotensin converting enzyme activity in older men
Authors: Kostka Joanna , Sikora Joanna , Guligowska Agnieszka , Kostka Tomasz
Published: June 2021

Background: Methods which potentially could prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function are still being sought. There are various attempts to use pharmacological agents to prevent loss of muscle mass, but the effectiveness of many of them still needs to be confirmed. One of the promising therapeutics are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and lowering of serum ACE activity. The goal of this study was to assess if taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and other angiotensin system blocking medications (ASBMs) can modify muscle performance in older men as well as to assess the association of serum ACE activity with muscle strength, power, muscle contraction velocity and functional performance.

Methods: Seventy-nine older men took part in the study. Muscle function was assessed with hand grip strength, maximum power relative to body mass (Pmax) and optimal shortening velocity (Ʋopt) of the knee extensor muscles. Anthropometric data, ACE activity and functional performance were also measured.

Results: Negative correlations between ACE activity and Pmax (rho=-0.29, p=0.04) as well as Ʋopt  (rho=-0.31, p=0.03) in a group of patients not taking ACEI and between ACE activity and Ʋopt (rho=-0.22, p=0.05) in the whole group of men were found. Positive relationship between age and ACE activity was demonstrated (rho=0.26, p=0.02). Age was the only selected variable in the multiple regression analyses to determine both Pmax and Ʋopt.

Conclusions: Serum ACE activity negatively associates to muscle power and muscle contraction velocity. The issues related to the impact of taking ACEI on the maintenance of muscle function and functional performance in older man require further studies.
Representation of published core outcome sets for research in regulatory guidance: protocol
Authors: Dodd Susanna , Fish Rebecca , Gorst Sarah , Hall Deborah , Jacobsen Pamela , Kirkham Jamie , Main Barry , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Saldanha Ian J. , Trépel Dominic , Williamson Paula R.
Published: June 2021

Background: The COMET Initiative promotes the development and use of ‘core outcome sets’ (COS), agreed standardised sets of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all studies in a particular clinical condition. COS are determined by consensus amongst key stakeholders, including health professionals, policymakers and patients, ensuring that the priorities and expertise of these representatives inform the choice of the most important outcomes to measure for a given condition. There is increased recognition of the need to integrate COS across the healthcare system and with existing regulatory apparatus, to ensure that outcomes being recorded are those of key relevance to important stakeholders. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of concordance between outcomes recommended in COS for research and in guidance provided by two key regulators: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Methods: COS for research published during 2015-2019 with patient involvement and covering drug or device interventions will be compared against relevant regulatory guidelines, matched by condition. Guidance documents matching in scope (relating to intervention and population) to a COS for research will be scrutinised to identify all suggested outcomes for comparison against the core outcomes in the corresponding COS.

Discussion: This study will identify variation between outcomes suggested in FDA and EMA regulatory guidance relative to outcomes included in published COS for research, thus demonstrating the degree of representation of COS in regulatory guidance and vice versa. We will share the study findings (in particular, highlighting any lack of concordance between COS and regulatory guidance overall or for particular disease areas) and will invite feedback from FDA and EMA; we will seek to highlight where findings support the recommendations towards using well-developed COS or will make recommendations to COS developers on outcomes of importance to these key regulators.
Frailty index transitions over eight years were frequent in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Romero-Ortuno Roman , Hartley Peter , Knight Silvin P. , Kenny Rose Anne , O’Halloran Aisling M.
Published: June 2021

Background: The frailty index (FI) is based on accumulation of health deficits. FI cut-offs define non-frail, prefrail and frail states. We described transitions of FI states in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Methods: Participants aged ≥50 years with information for a 31-deficit FI at wave 1 (2010) were followed-up over four waves (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018). Transitions were visualized with alluvial plots and probabilities estimated with multi-state Markov models, investigating the effects of age, sex and education.

Results: 8174 wave 1 participants were included (3744 men and 4430 women; mean age 63.8 years). Probabilities from non-frail to prefrail, and non-frail to frail were 18% and 2%, respectively. Prefrail had a 19% probability of reversal to non-frail, and a 15% risk of progression to frail. Frail had a 21% probability of reversal to prefrail and 14% risk of death. Being older and female increased the risk of adverse FI state transitions, but being female reduced the risk of transition from frail to death. Higher level of education was associated with improvement from prefrail to non-frail.

Conclusions: FI states are characterized by dynamic longitudinal transitions and frequent improvement. Opportunities exist for reducing the probability of adverse transitions.
EVALUASI PERHITUNGAN KOS ORGANISASI SEKTOR PUBLIK (STUDI PADA SMK BISNIS DAN TEKNOLOGI BEKASI)
Authors: Nursetiani Andini
Published: June 2021

School is a place of education that belongs to the public sector organization and are not established with the sole purpose of seeking profit. Its true purpose is as an educational service and manifestation to achieve one of Indonesia’s goals which is stated in the Preambule of UUD 1945, namely to educate the citizens of the nation. The aim of this research is to analyze how school determine tuition unit cost for its students, to identify unit cost for education using ABC method and to evaluate the comparison between them. This research took place at SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi.SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi has three study programs such as Teknik dan Bisnis Sepeda Motor (TBSM), Bisnis Daring dan Pemasaran (BDPM) serta Perbankan dan Keuangan Mikro (PBKM). This research focused on the evaluation of unit cost measurement then compare it with ABC method.The result shows that SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi implemented conventional method using previous year’s base rate and this method caused less accurate in determining unit cost which every student need to bear. This research can be one of the recommendation on determining school unit cost for upcoming year.
ANALISIS PENGARUH DEWAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN JASA KEUANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Maulana Ilham
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan, terutama yang berhubungan dengan peran corporate governance. Dengan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik kinerja perusahaan dapat bertumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan CG yang baik melalui keberadaan dewan komisaris independen, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan institusional dalam meningkatkan kinerja. Dalam penelitian ini kinerja perusahaan diukur dengan Tobin's Q. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan sektor keuangan yang terdaftar di BEI pada 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan, sedangkan kepemilikan manajerial kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan
STUDI FAKTOR PENENTU KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. HASJRAT ABADI PALU
Authors: Syamsul Syamsul , Muhammad Fadel
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of work environment, work culture, work motivation, job satisfaction, work discipline, and work stress on employee performance. This type of research is quantitative research. The research sample was 63 employees of PT. Hasjrat Abadi Palu. The results of regression analysis show that the work environment, work culture, job satisfaction, and job stress partially have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, work motivation and work discipline do not have a significant effect on employee performance. The results can be used as a source of information in determining company policies to improve employee performance. In addition, these findings can be used as a reference for further research interested in discussing employee performance.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM, PERSEPSI KUALITAS PRODUK DAN PERSEPSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PENJUALAN UMKM KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Riana Intan Resti , Nafiati Lu'lu'
Published: June 2021

Masih banyaknya pelaku UMKM yang tidak mencerminkan penerapan etika bisnis Islam menunjukkan pentingnya penelitian terkait etika bisnis Islam.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat penjualan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di KotaYogyakarta. Determinan tingkat penjualan yang diuji dalam penelitian ini yaitu persepsi etika bisnis islam, kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan melibatkan responden yang merupakan pemilik UMKM. Metode pemilihan sampel yang digunakanadalah accidental sampling. Pengujian hasil dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa etika bisnisislam, kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat penjualan UMKM di Kota Yogyakarta.
Periwound skin care considerations for older adults
Authors: Holloway Samantha , Mahoney Kirsty
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the effects of ageing on the skin, particularly the main structural and functional changes that occur in the epidermis and dermis that make the skin more vulnerable to damage. Specific alterations that occur with ageing include slower epidermal turnover, flattening of the epidermal-dermal junction, loss of moisture and hydration as well as reduced immunity placing the skin at increased risk of damage. The discussion will also examine common periwound complications associated with ageing including; maceration, excoriation, dry skin, hyperkeratosis, callus, contact dermatitis and eczema. Strategies to manage these problems and interventions to reduce the risk of these complications include moisturising the skin to make it more resilient, debriding keratinised and callus tissue in the periwound area, appropriate choice of dressings to manage excessive exudate, careful removal of dressings as well as treating inflammatory conditions of the periwound skin.
Delivering wound care during the pandemic
Authors: Corcoran Lauren
Published: June 2021

This is a tissue viability nurse's perspective on how we have run our service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there have been challenges, this article focuses on how the pandemic has created opportunities for the team to evolve. It has allowed us to be innovative and push forward with a new way of working that has been imagined for a long time. This transformation of the service aims to improve its efficiency and value, so that patient outcomes and wound care practice within the community are enhanced.
Great Gray Owl home range and habitat selection during the breeding-season
Authors: Gura Katherine , Bedrosian Bryan , Chalfoun Anna D. , Patla Susan
Published: June 2021

Identifying resource requirements of under-studied species during key stages such as breeding is critical for effective management. We quantified breeding-season home-range attributes and habitat selection of adult Great Gray Owls across multiple spatial (home-range and within-home-range level) and temporal (nesting and post-fledging; day versus night) scales in western Wyoming, USA. In 2018 and 2019 we outfitted adult male owls (n = 18) with GPS remote-download transmitters and collected hourly location data throughout the breeding season (1 May – 15 September). Using 50% and 95% kernel density estimates (KDE), mean core area was 1.2 km2 and mean home-range size was 6.2 km2 (n = 16). Resource selection analyses incorporated both remotely-sensed and microsite data. We conducted microsite surveys at used and available points within 95% KDE home ranges using a stratified random sample design (n = 661). Determining home-range and breeding habitat requirements will improve density estimates and facilitate the effective management of Great Gray Owls and their habitat. We found differing patterns between habitat selection at the home-range and within-home-range scales.

 

Featured photo by YNP on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/SA17KT
Workplace matters: negotiating a sense of entitlement towards taking time off for childcare among Korean fathers working in Sweden
Authors: Kim Yeon-Jin
Published: June 2021

A gender-equal leave policy for childcare does not necessarily engender a corresponding sense of entitlement in fathers to actually take leave, but few studies have focused on how fathers develop their sense of entitlement at work. This study explores how Korean fathers, accustomed to a work-centred life, changed their sense of entitlement towards childcare leave while working in a father-friendly country, Sweden. Sixteen Korean fathers’ narratives were analysed under two different work settings in Sweden: about half worked in Swedish companies while the other half worked in Korean-owned companies with branches in Sweden. The findings suggest that the fathers working at Swedish companies developed a stronger sense of entitlement to take childcare leave. Three contexts appeared to influence this development: the conceivability of being absent and putting responsibilities on hold, having a horizontal relationship with superiors (daring to refuse), and the social recognition of a father’s responsibilities as a co-parent.
Fast mask model for extreme ultraviolet lithography with a slanted absorber sidewall
Authors: Zhang Zinan , Li Sikun , Wang Xiangzhao , Cheng Wei
Published: June 2021

A fast mask model for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is vital to process simulation and resolution enhancement techniques. As the target pattern sizes have decreased, the impact of the absorber sidewall angle (SWA) has become a serious problem. In order to model the EUV mask with a slanted absorber sidewall quickly and accurately, a fast mask model based on the absorber sublayer decomposition is proposed. Since the absorber sidewall is slanted but not perpendicular to the multilayer surface, the absorber is decomposed into several thin pattern layers. For each thin layer, the diffraction is calculated by the edge point pulses model. The light propagation between two layers is calculated by spectrum superposition in the frequency domain with Hopkins frequency shift. The fast EUV mask model with slanted absorber sidewall is established by combining the accurate absorber model and the equivalent layer multilayer model. Simulations and comparisons validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. For the 22 nm vertical line-space pattern, the calculation errors of critical dimension via the proposed model are lower than 0.05 nm for different SWA values.
Effective-zero-thickness terahertz slot antennas using stepped structures
Authors: Yun Hyeong Seok , Lee Dukhyung , Kim Dai-Sik
Published: June 2021

Metallic nanostructures play an essential role in electromagnetic manipulations due to the localization and enhancement of electromagnetic waves in nanogaps. Scaling down the dimensions of the gap, such as the gap width and the thickness, is an effective way to enhance light-matter interaction with colossal field enhancement. However, reducing the thickness below 10 nanometers still suffers from fabrication difficulty and unintended direct transmission through metals. Here, we fabricate effective-zero-thickness slot antennas by stepping metals in the vicinity of the gaps to confine electromagnetic waves in tiny volumes. We analyze and simulate terahertz transmission, and demonstrate the absorption enhancement of molecules in the slot antennas. Our fabrication technique provides a simple but versatile tool for maximum field enhancement and molecular sensing.
Lighting quantity indexes for lighting traditional Chinese paintings based on pigments protection and substrates protection in museums
Authors: Dang Rui , Zhang Tong , Wang Jiaxing , Tang Ming , Jiang Peng , Song Xiangyang , Zhang Ran , Zhang Xinnan
Published: June 2021

In museum lighting, traditional Chinese paintings are the artworks with the highest light sensitivity. They are vulnerable to the color damage to pigments and the mechanical damage to substrates after the irradiation from light sources. As the basis of effective preventive protection, the research on the two lighting quantity indexes of illuminance and annual exposure (illuminance × time) is currently missing. In this study, the halogen lamp was used as the experimental light source to conduct a 1440 h irradiation experiment on the samples of paper and silk substrates under 4 illuminance levels, respectively, and the test of infrared spectrum was carried out on the samples every 240 h. The oxidation index of paper and crystallinity degree of silk were calculated then. Three-dimensional visual curved surface plots of mechanical damage to samples with the change of illuminance and time were established and then fitted into damage evaluation equations, which revealed and described mathematically the mechanical damage law of samples. Through the equations, the recommended values of illuminance and annual exposure for samples could be calculated. Combining the previous researches on pigments, the lighting quantity indexes of traditional Chinese paintings with different combinations of substrates and pigments were proposed.
Efficient continuous-wave eye-safe Nd:YVO4 self-Raman laser at 1.5  µm
Authors: Fan Li , Shen Jun , Wang Xiao-Yu , Fan Hui-Bo , Zhu Jun , Wang Xi-Lin , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: June 2021

Due to a high Raman threshold and serious thermal effect, a challenge is to achieve efficient continuous-wave (CW) operation of a crystalline Raman laser at 1.5 µm. Based on effective thermal management and the self-Raman effect, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first efficient CW operation of a

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

Raman laser at 1.5 µm. We achieve 685 mW of CW eye-safe emission at 1524.5 nm by the use of a 20-mm-long composite

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

and 300-µm pump beam radius, with a diode-to-Stokes conversion efficiency of 4.8%. Lasers operating at

∼

1.5

µ

m

have found many important applications in various areas such as optical communication, laser radar, laser ranging, remote sensing, and spectral research.
Infrared phase measuring deflectometry by using defocused binary fringe
Authors: Shi Yanqing , Chang Caixia , Liu Xiaohong , Gao Nan , Meng Zhaozong , Zhang Zonghua
Published: June 2021

Three-dimensional surface information acquisition of specular objects plays an important role in the fields of automobile industry, aerospace, cultural relic protection, intelligent robotics, equipment manufacturing, and so on. Most of the existing specular surface measurement methods are based on focused sinusoidal fringe patterns, so there are certain requirements for the range of the depth of field (DOF) of the camera on the focus position. However, for many specular surfaces with a large gradient, the tested objects may not always be in the DOF of the camera, so sinusoidal fringe patterns are defocused to be vulnerable to the noise. In this Letter, a new infrared phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) based on defocused binary fringe is proposed that combines a binary fringe defocusing technique and direct PMD. The measurement principle and the corresponding system calibration method are described. The feasibility and measurement accuracy of fringe defocus in specular measurement are studied in principle. The experimental results on several specular objects show that the proposed method can effectively measure specular surfaces out of the DOF of the camera.
Selection of a Raman beam waist in atomic gravimetry
Authors: Cervantes J. M. , Maldonado M. A. , Franco-Villafañe J. A. , Roach T. , Valenzuela V. M. , Gomez E.
Published: June 2021

The laser beam waist has an impact both in the sensitivity and systematic effects present in gravimetry and atom interferometry in general. In this paper we consider how different effects contribute to both aspects in order to make a better selection of the radius of the Raman beam given a particular laser power available. A large beam waist reduces systematic effects coming from wavefront curvature and Gouy phase contributions and improves the fringe contrast due to reduced intensity gradients. On the other hand, a large waist gives a smaller Rabi frequency, which lowers the sensitivity by reducing the fraction of atoms in the selected velocity range. Considering all contributions, we find that systematic effects usually have a dominant role in selecting a beam waist.
Comparative palatability of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of Praziquantel (L-PZQ and Rac-PZQ) versus current PZQ tablet in African children: A randomized, single-blind, crossover study
Authors: Mahende Muhidin K. , Huber Eric , Kourany-Lefoll Elly , Ali Ali , Hayward Brooke , Bezuidenhout Deon , Bagchus Wilhelmina , Kabanywanyi Abdunoor M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Praziquantel (PZQ) is currently the only recommended drug for infection and disease caused by the schistosome species that infects humans; however, the current tablet formulation is not suitable for pre-school age children mainly due to its bitterness and the large tablet size. We assessed the palatability of two new orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations of PZQ.

Methodology

This randomized, single-blind, crossover, swill-and-spit palatability study (NCT02315352) was carried out at a single school in Tanzania in children aged 6–11 years old, with or without schistosomiasis infection as this was not part of the assessment. Children were stratified according to age group (6–8 years or 9–11 years) and gender, then randomized to receive each formulation in a pre-specified sequence. Over 2 days, the children assessed the palatability of Levo-Praziquantel (L-PZQ) ODT 150 mg and Racemate Praziquantel (Rac-PZQ) ODT 150 mg disintegrated in the mouth without water on the first day, and L-PZQ and Rac-PZQ dispersed in water and the currently available PZQ 600 mg formulation (PZQ-Cesol) crushed and dispersed in water on the second day. The palatability of each formulation was rated using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) incorporating a 5-point hedonic scale, immediately after spitting out the test product (VASt = 0 primary outcome) and after 2–5 minutes (VASt = 2–5).

Principal findings

In total, 48 children took part in the assessment. Overall, there was no reported difference in the VASt = 0 between the two ODT formulations (p = 0.106) without water. Higher VASt = 0 and VASt = 2–5 scores were reported for L-PZQ ODT compared with Rac-PZQ ODT in older children (p = 0.046 and p = 0.026, respectively). The VASt = 0 and VASt = 2–5 were higher for both ODT formulations compared with the standard formulation (p<0.001 for both time points). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions/Significance

The new paediatric-friendly formulations dispersed in water were both found to be more palatable than the existing standard formulation of PZQ. There may be gender and age effects on the assessment of palatability. Further research is needed for assessing efficacy and tolerability of the newly ODTs Praziquantel drug in younger children.

Trial registration

The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02315352) and in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201412000959159).
The ‘wickedness’ of governing land subsidence: Policy perspectives from urban Southeast Asia
Authors: Siriwardane-de Zoysa Rapti , Schöne Tilo , Herbeck Johannes , Illigner Julia , Haghighi Mahmud , Simarmata Hendricus , Porio Emma , Rovere Alessio , Hornidge Anna-Katharina
Published: June 2021

Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic ‘wicked’ policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city–the ‘Sinking Capital’ (Jakarta), ‘Fortress Singapore’, and the ‘Disaster Capital’ (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: as a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem.
The estimated hepatitis C seroprevalence and key population sizes in San Diego in 2018
Authors: Wynn Adriane , Tweeten Samantha , McDonald Eric , Wooten Wilma , Lucas Kimberley , Cyr Cassandra L. , Hernandez Maricris , Ramirez Franchesca , VanWormer Corey , Suckow Scott , Ramers Christian B. , Martin Natasha K.
Published: June 2021

Background

The Eliminate Hepatitis C San Diego County Initiative was established to provide a roadmap to reduce new HCV infections by 80% and HCV-related deaths by 65% by 2030. An estimate of the burden of HCV infections in San Diego County is necessary to inform planning and evaluation efforts. Our analysis was designed to estimate the HCV burden in San Diego County in 2018.

Methods

We synthesized data from the American Community Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, California Department of Public Health, Public Health Branch of California Correctional Health Care Services, San Diego Blood Bank, and published literature. Burden estimates were stratified by subgroup (people who inject drugs in the community [PWID], men who have sex with men in the community [MSM], general population in the community [stratified by age and sex], and incarcerated individuals). To account for parameter uncertainty, 100,000 parameter sets were sampled from each parameter’s uncertainty distribution, and used to calculate the mean and 95% confidence interval estimates of the number of HCV seropositive adults in San Diego in 2018.

Findings

We found there were 55,354 (95% CI: 25,411–93,329) adults with a history of HCV infection in San Diego County in 2018, corresponding to an HCV seroprevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1–3.4%). Over 40% of HCV infections were among the general population aged 55–74 and one-third were among PWID.

Conclusion

Our study found that the largest share of infections was among adults aged 55–74, indicating the importance of surveillance, prevention, testing, and linkages to care in this group to reduce mortality. Further, programs prioritizing PWID for increased HCV testing and linkage to care are important for reducing new HCV infections.