bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BHLS$$_2$$ upgrade: $$\tau $$ spectra, muon HVP and the [$$\pi ^0,~\eta ,~{\eta ^\prime }$$] system
Authors: Benayoun M. , DelBuono L. , Jegerlehner F.
Published: February 2022

The generic hidden local symmetry (HLS) model has recently given rise to its $$\hbox {BHLS}_2$$

BHLS
2

variant, defined by introducing symmetry breaking mostly in the vector meson sector; the central mechanism is a modification of the covariant derivative at the root of the HLS approach. However, the description of the $$\tau $$
τ
dipion spectra, especially the Belle one, is not fully satisfactory, whereas the simultaneous dealing with its annihilation sector ($$e^+ e^- \rightarrow \pi ^+ \pi ^-/\pi ^+ \pi ^-\pi ^0/ \pi ^0 \gamma /\eta \gamma /K^+ K^-/K_L K_S$$

e
+

e
-

→

π
+

π
-

/

π
+

π
-

π
0

/

π
0

γ
/
η
γ
/

K
+

K
-

/

K
L

K
S

) is optimum. We show that this issue is solved by means of an additional breaking term which also allows us to consistently include the mixing properties of the $$[\pi ^0,\eta ,{\eta ^\prime }]$$

[

π
0

,
η
,

η
′

]

system within this extended $$\hbox {BHLS}_2$$

BHLS
2

($$\hbox {EBHLS}_2$$

EBHLS
2

) scope. This mechanism, an extension of the usual ’t Hooft determinant term, only affects the kinetic energy part of the $$\hbox {BHLS}_2$$

BHLS
2

Lagrangian. One thus obtains a fair account for the $$\tau $$
τ
dipion spectra which complements the fair account of the annihilation channels already reached. The Belle dipion spectrum is found to provide evidence in favor of a violation of the conserved vector current (CVC) in the $$\tau $$
τ
lepton decay; this evidence is enforced by imposing the conditions $$<0|J_\mu ^q |[q^\prime \overline{q^\prime }](p)>=ip_\mu f_q \delta _{q q^\prime }, \{ [q {\overline{q}}], q=u,d,s\}$$

<
0
|

J
μ
q

|

[

q
′

q
′

¯

]

(
p
)

>
=
i

p
μ

f
q

δ

q

q
′

,

{

[
q

q
¯

]

,
q
=
u
,
d
,
s
}

on $$\hbox {EBHLS}_2$$

EBHLS
2

axial current matrix elements. $$\hbox {EBHLS}_2$$

EBHLS
2

is found to recover the usual (completed) formulae for the [$$\pi ^0,~\eta ,~{\eta ^\prime }$$

π
0

,

η
,

η
′

] mixing parameters, and the global fits return mixing parameter values in agreement with expectations and better uncertainties. Updating the muon hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP), one also argues that the strong tension between the KLOE and BaBar pion form factors imposes to provide two solutions, namely $$a_\mu ^{HVP-LO}(\mathrm{KLOE})=687.48 \pm 2.93$$

a
μ

H
V
P
-
L
O

(
KLOE
)

=
687.48
±
2.93

and $$a_\mu ^{HVP-LO}(\mathrm{BaBar})=692.53 \pm 2.95$$

a
μ

H
V
P
-
L
O

(
BaBar
)

=
692.53
±
2.95

, in units of $$10^{-10}$$

10

-
10

, rather than some combination of these. Taking into account common systematics, their differences from the experimental BNL-FNAL average value exhibit significance $$> 5.4\sigma $$

>
5.4
σ

(KLOE) and $$> 4.1\sigma $$

>
4.1
σ

(BaBar), with fit probabilities favoring the former.
Big Educational Data Analytics, Prediction and Recommendation: A Survey
Authors: Sun Xuegeng , Fu Yuan , Zheng Weiyi , Huang Yanxia , Li Yuqi
Published: February 2022

The development of mobile Internet, Internet of Things, and cloud computing has contributed to the unprecedented growth of information data. Big data plays a very important role in education. Currently, the literature review and in-depth research on big educational data are not very extensive, mainly involved in two fields: education mining and learning analysis. For a perfect research about education big data, this paper comprehensively reviewed three major aspects (Predictive Analytics, Learning Analytics, and Recommendation Systems) of educational data analytics for an intensive investigation and analysis: (1) Predictive Analytics: It predicts students’ learning performance by tracking students’ learning information and then analyzes students’ learning competence to build an academic early warning system; teachers can be allowed to intervene in students in time and adopts different teaching ways for different students. Therefore, both students’ learning and ability can be individualized and improved; (2) Learning Analytics: This part can identify the learners’ behavior patterns and obtain more implicit learner characteristics by studying the hidden meaning behind learning behaviors and strategies; (3) Recommendation Systems: It can match the needs of learners and recommend appropriate learning resources through different methods. All the above proved that the application of big data technology in education provides powerful data support for the development of education.
AVERAGE FERMAT DISTANCE OF A SELF-SIMILAR FRACTAL TREE
Authors: MA YING , CHEN CHEN , XI LIFENG
Published: February 2022

The point within a triangle that meets the minimum sum of the distances to the three vertices is called the Fermat point. The aim of this paper is to obtain the Fermat average distance on a self-similar fractal tree in terms of the self-similar measure and the technique of finite pattern.
A FRACTAL PERSPECTIVE ON STRUCTURAL DAMAGE AND FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL SUBJECTED TO LIQUID NITROGEN COOLING AT LABORATORY-SCALE
Authors: SU SHANJIE , HOU PENG , GAO FENG , GAO YANAN , CAI CHENGZHENG , ZHANG ZHIZHEN , LIANG XIN
Published: February 2022

To explore the influence of liquid nitrogen (LN[Formula: see text] cooling on the structural damage and failure characteristics of coal, a series of structural experiments, uniaxial compression tests, and crack morphology characterization experiments were carried out in this study. Based on the fractal theory, the pore structure damage and failure characteristics of the coal before and after the LN2 cooling treatment were compared. After the LN2 treatment, the structural damage inside the coal increases. Compared to the untreated coal, the fractal dimensions of the total pores, seepage pores, and adsorption pores in the LN2-treated coal decrease by 0.88%, 0.24%, and 5.16%, respectively. The results indicate that the LN2 cooling treatment can increase the connectivity of pores, especially adsorption pores. The internal structure damage of the coal induced by the LN2 treatment reduces its compressive strength and elastic modulus by 27.86% and 32.62%, respectively. Simultaneously, it can be found that the fragments fractal dimension of the coal decreases by 9.53%, and the fractal dimension of the induced fracture surface increases from 2.134 to 2.151 after the LN2 treatment. By the LN2 treatment, the distribution of fragments becomes more uniform, and the complexity of the generated fracture surface increases. Therefore, the LN2 cooling treatment can increase the effective seepage path and the contact area between the crack and the coal matrix to promote the gas flow and enhance the gas desorption in the coal matrix. The experimental results also show that the damage of the single LN2 treatment on the coal is limited. LN2 cycling treatment is suggested to use to improve the efficiency of the coalbed methane extraction because that it can give full play to the multiple cracking effects of LN2 on the coal.
A NEW (3+1)-DIMENSIONAL KDV EQUATION AND MKDV EQUATION WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING FRACTIONAL FORMS
Authors: WANG GANGWEI , WAZWAZ ABDUL-MAJID
Published: February 2022

In this work, new [Formula: see text]-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and modified KdV (mKdV) equation as well as the corresponding fractional forms are presented. These two equations are derived for the first time relying on the extended [Formula: see text]-dimensional zero curvature equation. In addition, symmetries and conservation laws are displayed. Meanwhile, one-soliton solution for the time fractional of [Formula: see text]-dimensional KdV equation and mKdV equation is obtained.
INHERENT FEATURES OF FRACTAL SETS AND KEY ATTRIBUTES OF FRACTAL MODELS
Authors: BALANKIN ALEXANDER S. , ORTIZ JULIÁN PATIÑO , ORTIZ MIGUEL PATIÑO
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this work is to develop a robust framework for an exhaustive description of essential properties of a fractal object. For this purpose, the inherent features of fractal sets are scrutinized. The topological, metrological, morphological, and topographical attributes of fractal systems are delineated. The criteria of the fractal connectedness are established. The characteristics of the fractal connectivity and ramification are ascertained. The index of the fractal loopiness is introduced. The quantifications of the fractal heterogeneity, lacunarity, and anisotropy are briefly sketched out. A set of key attributes which enable a proper characterization of fractal system are suggested.
APPLICATION OF THE WEIERSTRASS–MANDELBROT FUNCTION TO THE SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC SCALAR TURBULENCE: A STUDY FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: LIU LEI , SHI YU , HU FEI
Published: February 2022

The statistical simulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide based on time series analysis plays an important role in the development of refined carbon emission assessment and traceability. A new statistical method based on the random Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function is proposed to simulate the high-Reynolds-number and high-Péclet-number scalar turbulence in the atmospheric flow. In this paper, we focus on the carbon dioxide, which is the most important scalar for the global climate changes. The new statistical method is used to simulate the time series of carbon dioxide concentrations in the high-frequency inertial subrange. Results show that the simulated power spectral densities are almost the same as the observed ones in the inertial subrange. Compared with the Gaussian distribution, the simulated probability density functions are more similar to the observed ones with the skewness characteristic. More importantly, the fractal characteristics of the time series that cannot be simulated by traditional methods in the meteorological engineering can also be well simulated by the new method.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING OF Co-DOPED ZnO THIN FILMS ON STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES DEPOSITED BY SOL–GEL/SPIN-COATING TECHNIQUE
Authors: MOHAMMEDI ABDELKADER , IBRIR MILOUD , MEGLALI OMAR , PEÑA-GARCIA R.
Published: February 2022

Cobalt-doped ZnO films were grown on the glass substrates using sol–gel/spin-coating technique to investigate the effect of annealing on the structural and magnetic properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the Co-doped ZnO films are dominated by the (002) peak, suggesting an up-standing array of ZnO structure hexagonal (wurtzite) with a good crystalline quality, however, the secondary phases of Co3O4 and Co are present in the samples. With the annealing temperature increased, the secondary phases tend to disappear completely and the intensity of the (002) peak increased, indicating a high crystallinity of the samples. For the ZnO majority phase, the lattice constant ([Formula: see text] decreases (from 5.232 [Formula: see text] to 5.224 [Formula: see text]), while the crystallite size increases (from 22.040[Formula: see text]nm to 24.018[Formula: see text]nm) as the annealing temperature varies from 380∘C to 600∘C. Significant changes in the dislocation density ([Formula: see text], strain [Formula: see text] and stress [Formula: see text] of the Co-doped ZnO films were also observed, by increasing the annealing temperature. All samples display a ferromagnetic behavior with variations in the saturation magnetization ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] emu/cm[Formula: see text] and coercive field ([Formula: see text], 104 and 75 Oe) for the temperatures of 380∘C, 500∘C and 600∘C, respectively. The magnetic behavior of Co-doped ZnO films confirms the exchange interaction between the local spin moments produced by the oxygen vacancy. In addition, the ferromagnetic existence of the samples (380∘C, 500∘C and 600∘C) can be attributed to certain nanoparticles or to the binding of Co[Formula: see text] ions at the Zn[Formula: see text] location in the ZnO lattice. Finally, it appears that the ferromagnetism at room temperature found in these films, is consistent with endogenous defects (oxygen vacancies) and magnetic ions insertion along the same lines.
Coserreness with respect to specialization closed subsets and some Serre subcategories
Authors: Zargar Majid Rahro
Published: February 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a specialization closed subset of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a Serre subcategory of [Formula: see text]. As a generalization of the notion of cofiniteness, we introduce the concept of [Formula: see text]-coserreness with respect to [Formula: see text] (see Definition 4.1). First, as a main result, for some special Serre subcategories [Formula: see text], we show that an [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-coserre with respect to [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] for all ideals [Formula: see text]. Indeed, this result provides a partial answer to a question that was recently raised in [K. Bahmanpour, R. Naghipour and M. Sedghi, Modules cofinite and weakly cofinite with respect to an ideal, J. Algebra Appl. 16 (2018) 1–17]. As an application of this result, we show that the category of [Formula: see text]-coserre [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is a full Abelian subcategory of [Formula: see text]. Also, for every homologically bounded [Formula: see text]-complex [Formula: see text] whose homology modules belong to [Formula: see text] we show that the local cohomology modules [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], are [Formula: see text]-coserre in all the cases where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
On certain semigroups of transformations with restricted range
Authors: Li De Biao , Zhang Wen Ting , Luo Yan Feng
Published: February 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite chain and let [Formula: see text] be the semigroup of all injective order-preserving partial transformations on [Formula: see text]. For any nonempty subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the subsemigroup of [Formula: see text] of all transformations with range contained in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we characterize Green’s relations on [Formula: see text], and show that the semigroup [Formula: see text] is left abundant but not right abundant when [Formula: see text] is a proper subset of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the cardinality and the rank of the semigroup [Formula: see text] is determined.
Application of Human–Computer Interaction Virtual Reality Technology to the Design of Ice and Snow Landscapes
Authors: Xu Mengtao
Published: February 2022

Various artistic expressions of ice and snow landscapes are deeply loved by the public. To study the application of virtual reality (VR) technology in the design of ice and snow landscape based on human–computer interaction (HCI), Harbin ice and snow landscape is taken as the research object. By applying HCI technology and VR technology, the design of ice and snow landscape is explored. VR technology allows the public to appreciate related things through interactive technology. The application of HCI technology and VR technology in the design of ice and snow landscape has established a system with the theme of ice and snow design, and created a virtual world of ice and snow in the system, enabling designers to be in a VR environment. During the design process, creators can enjoy a more comprehensive experience, constantly looking for the best visual area to stimulate their innovative thinking and inspiration. The results found that the designed system can present a better ice and snow landscape for the public, promote the rapid and stable development of ice and snow sculptures and landscapes, and promote the development of the local economy to a certain extent. Besides, the system has certain reference significance for the use of VR technology to study ice and snow landscapes, and also provides new ideas for the design of other types of landscapes.
Analysis of Art Therapy for Children with Autism by Using the Implemented Artificial Intelligence System
Authors: Hu Bo
Published: February 2022

Autism is a disease that manifests as social communication disorders and repetitive sensory movements. The current incidence of autism continues to rise globally, and the number of children with autism is also increasing. The treatment of autistic children in China is mainly intervention, but experienced autism instructors are lacking. Here, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are adopted as the technical foundation to build a system that measures the emotional performance of autistic students in the classroom based on actual application scenarios. By analyzing the classroom learning data of autistic children, the students’ emotions can be effectively judged to help teachers evaluate and track their classroom performance and reduce teachers’ burden. Results demonstrate that when the matrix composed of frame sequences and key point coordinates is used as the input, the spatio-temporal graph convolutional network is determined as the principal model of action recognition, with an accuracy of 90%, and the participation score can be obtained by calculating the action response time. In the experimental process of facial expression recognition, the random forest’s classification accuracy of the feature point sequence based on images can reach 99%. Therefore, the random forest is determined as the principal classifier for facial expression recognition. After the relationship between expression intensity, pleasure, and expression category is analyzed, the scoring method is designed. The experiment also discovers that painting can be a rehabilitation therapy for children with autism. The above results can provide a theoretical foundation for the treatment of autistic children.
THE DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT OF INTER-REGIONAL TRANSMISSION GRID EXPANSION ON CHINA’S POWER INDUSTRY
Authors: TAN XU , LIN SHENG , XIE BAI-CHEN
Published: February 2022

China suffers significant heterogeneities in resource endowments and geological conditions across the regions. Ultra-high voltage (UHV) line construction is a project put forward by the government to boost the inter-regional transmission grid expansion, benefiting economic development by reducing pollutant emissions and absorbing more clean energy. This study investigates the extent to which this giant infrastructure has distributional effects on China’s power industry. We estimate the distributional effect of UHV lines from the perspective of power deployment, carbon emissions, and producer surplus by simulating an equilibrium model of the national electricity market through the mixed complementarity problems (MCPs) method. Furthermore, the Lorenz curve is also employed to investigate the distributional effect of UHV introduction. The results indicate that: (1) the distributional effect of introducing UHV lines is regressive considering its limited contributions to the equalization of environmental and economic welfare; (2) the emission reduction effect of the UHV lines has been improved between 2015 and 2018; (3) power plants with a large installation capacity could seek more economic profits while emitting more pollution; (4) the deployment of clean power in the resource-abundant regions is far below its potential. Meanwhile, we propose improving the structure and technology of the power mix, which can accelerate China’s market-oriented reform of the power system by equally distributing the benefits.
CLIMATE FINANCE IN THE WAKE OF COVID-19: CONNECTEDNESS OF CLEAN ENERGY WITH CONVENTIONAL ENERGY AND REGIONAL STOCK MARKETS
Authors: KARIM SITARA , KHAN SHABEER , MIRZA NAWAZISH , ALAWI SUHA M. , TAGHIZADEH-HESARY FARHAD
Published: February 2022

Focusing on raising climate concerns and sustaining a clean ecosystem, the current study strives to examine the connectedness of clean energy markets with conventional energy markets and four regional stock markets of Asia, Pacific, Europe, and America for the period spanning January 1, 2004 to August 31, 2021. We employed the volatility connectedness methodology using dynamic conditional correlation (DCC-GARCH) estimates for analysis purposes. There is pronounced within class connectedness of all markets except conventional energy markets, which showed strong disconnection from the network. However, strong inter-class spillovers are reported between clean energy and regional stock markets. Time-varying analysis revealed that intense spillovers are shaped during the Global Financial Crisis, Shale Oil Crisis, and COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, time-varying net connectedness estimates illuminate that world renewable energy and American stock markets are net transmitters, whereas leftover markets are net recipients of spillovers. Further analysis of sub-sample periods during GFC, SOR, and COVID-19 validate that intense spillovers are formed when markets experience unexpected financial, economic, and global health turmoil. We proposed significant implications for regional stock markets of Asia, Pacific, Europe and America to concentrate on the climate-friendly energy markets than conventional energy markets as they service the clean ecosystem motives more specifically.
Mean Field and Refined Mean Field Approximations for Heterogeneous Systems
Authors: Allmeier Sebastian , Gast Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Mean field approximation is a powerful technique to study the performance of large stochastic systems represented as n interacting objects. Applications include load balancing models, epidemic spreading, cache replacement policies, or large-scale data centers. Mean field approximation is asymptotically exact for systems composed of n homogeneous objects under mild conditions. In this paper, we study what happens when objects are heterogeneous. This can represent servers with different speeds or contents with different popularities. We define an interaction model that allows obtaining asymptotic convergence results for stochastic systems with heterogeneous object behavior, and show that the error of the mean field approximation is of order $O(1/n)$. More importantly, we show how to adapt the refined mean field approximation, developed by Gast et al., and show that the error of this approximation is reduced to O(1/n^2). To illustrate the applicability of our result, we present two examples. The first addresses a list-based cache replacement model, RANDOM(m), which is an extension of the RANDOM policy. The second is a heterogeneous supermarket model. These examples show that the proposed approximations are computationally tractable and very accurate. They also show that for moderate system sizes (30) the refined mean field approximation tends to be more accurate than simulations for any reasonable simulation time.
Understanding I/O Direct Cache Access Performance for End Host Networking
Authors: Wang Minhu , Xu Mingwei , Wu Jianping
Published: February 2022

Direct Cache Access (DCA) enables a network interface card (NIC) to load and store data directly on the processor cache, as conventional Direct Memory Access (DMA) is no longer suitable as the bridge between NIC and CPU in the era of 100 Gigabit Ethernet. As numerous I/O devices and cores compete for scarce cache resources, making the most of DCA for networking applications with varied objectives and constraints is a challenge, especially given the increasing complexity of modern cache hardware and I/O stacks. In this paper, we reverse engineer details of one commercial implementation of DCA, Intel's Data Direct I/O (DDIO), to explicate the importance of hardware-level investigation into DCA. Based on the learned knowledge of DCA and network I/O stacks, we (1) develop an analytical framework to predict the effectiveness of DCA (i.e., its hit rate) under certain hardware specifications, system configurations, and application properties; (2) measure penalties of the ineffective use of DCA (i.e., its miss penalty) to characterize its benefits; and (3) show that our reverse engineering, measurement, and model contribute to a deeper understanding of DCA, which in turn helps diagnose, optimize, and design end-host networking.
Toward Understanding Deccan Volcanism
Authors: Self Stephen , Mittal Tushar , Dole Gauri , Vanderkluysen Loÿc
Published: February 2022

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) represent some of the greatest volcanic events in Earth history with significant impacts on ecosystems, including mass extinctions. However, some fundamental questions related to the eruption rate, eruption style, and vent locations for LIP lava flows remain unanswered. In this review, we use the Cretaceous–Paleogene Deccan Traps as an archetype to address these questions because they are one of the best-preserved large continental flood basalt provinces. We describe the volcanological features of the Deccan flows and the potential temporal and regional variations as well as the spatial characteristics of potential feeder dikes. Along with estimates of mean long-term eruption rates for individual Deccan lavas from paleomagnetism and Hg proxy records of ∼50–250 km3/year (erupting for tens to hundreds of years), the Deccan volcanic characteristics suggest a unified conceptual model for eruption of voluminous (>1,000 km3) LIP lavas with large spatial extent (>40,000 km2). We conclude by highlighting a few key open questions and challenges that can help improve our understanding of how the Deccan flows, as well as LIP flows in general, erupted and the mechanisms by which the lavas may have flowed over distances up to 1,000 km. ▪ The Deccan Traps are an archetype for addressing fundamental volcanological questions related to eruption rate, eruption style, and vent locations for large igneous province lava flows. ▪ Deccan subprovinces likely evolved as separate volcanic systems; thus, long-distance/interprovince flow correlations must be carefully assessed. ▪ The earliest eruptions came through the Narmada-Tapi rift zone followed by the establishment of a separate magmatic plumbing system by mantle plume–associated magmas. ▪ Typical Deccan eruption rates were ∼50–250 km3/year of lava. Individual eruptions lasted for a few hundred to 1,000 years and were separated by hiatuses of 3,000–6,000 years. ▪ The conspicuous absence of dikes in the Central Deccan region strongly implies long-distance surface transport of lavas in the form of flows hundreds of kilometers long.
Critical Barriers to Successful Implementation of Earth-Abundant, Mn-Rich Cathodes for Vehicle Applications and Beyond: The Effect of Particle Morphology
Authors: Gutierrez Arturo , Kirner Joel T. , Saray Mahmoud Tamadoni , Avdeev Maxim , Geng Linxiao , Yassar Reza Shahbazian , Lu Wenquan , Croy Jason
Published: February 2022

As the search for improved and next-generation cathodes continues, it is clear that a deeper understanding of synthesis–structure–electrochemical property relationships is of critical importance. The effects of primary and secondary particle morphologies on various transition metal oxides have been studied, but new findings are still being reported. To date, few studies have focused on the effects of particle morphologies on Li- and Mn-rich oxides (>50% Mn) and even fewer studies have focused on the influence over key properties such as electrode-level impedance. Herein we report the effects of particle morphologies on the area-specific-impedance (ASI) and thermal behavior of Li- and Mn-rich oxides. Samples with a fixed, layered–layered–spinel (LLS), composition were synthesized with differing primary morphologies and tested under standardized, full-cell protocols. The results suggest that smaller primary particle size (i.e., higher surface area) leads to lower overall ASI, a delay in the increasing impedance at low states-of-charge (SOCs), and surprisingly, improved thermal behavior.
The Effect of the Solvation Ability Towards Mg2+-ion on the Kinetic Behavior of Mg3Bi2 Electrode
Authors: Sagane Fumihiro , Matsui Masaki , Kanamura Kiyoshi
Published: February 2022

Intermetallic compounds are expected to be used as the negative electrode for Mg-ion batteries, due to their relatively large capacity and the excellent electrochemical performance in the non-ethereal solutions. In the present study, the reaction mechanism of Mg3Bi2 is focused. By comparing the reactivity towards the same electrode sheet in various electrolyte solutions, it is found that the effect of MgF2 based surface film, which is formed by the decomposition of Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2 (Mg(TFSA)2), is not large necessarily. The reactivity in Mg(TFSA)2+crown ether/acetonitrile solution fairly varies by the size of crown ethers. From the results, it is indicated that the de-solvation process will also be the critical factor for the Mg2+-ion insertion/extraction into the Mg3Bi2 electrode.
YSZ-Based Mixed Potential Type Sensors Utilizing Pd-doped SrFeO3 Perovskite Sensing Electrode to Monitor Sulfur Dioxide Emission
Authors: Wu Chunping , Zhang Yiran , Xiao Bang , Yang Lin , Jiao Anqi , Wang Yinan , Zhao Xuteng , Lin He
Published: February 2022

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the key pollutants in the atmosphere that should be monitored in many combustion facilities. In this paper, YSZ-based mixed potential SO2 sensors were developed utilizing the perovskite-type SrFeO3 sensing electrode, and Pd doping was applied to enhance the sensing performance. It was found that the sensor utilizing the Pd0.05-SrFeO3 sensing electrode showed the highest sensitivity toward 1–30 ppm SO2 at 575

°
C
,

and exhibited a piecewise linear relationship between

Δ
V

and the logarithm of SO2 concentrations in this concentration range. The significant enhancement of sensing performances by 5 at% Pd doping was mainly attributed to the increasing of electrochemical catalytic activity of the anodic reaction. After the sensing performance test in the temperature range between 525

°
C

–625

°
C
,

575

°
C

was selected as the optimum operating temperature. The sensing performances of the developed Pd0.05-SrFeO3 sensor were further evaluated at 575

°
C
,

exhibiting good selectivity to CO, CO2, NO, and NO2 interference and good long-term stability. In addition, the fluctuation of oxygen concentration can be corrected by the Butler-Volmer equation following the mixed potential theory.
Communication—A Universal Approach for Constructing Functionalized Porous Graphene Gelatum/Graphite Bipolar Plate Integrated Electrode for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Jing Minghua , Li Xi , Zheng Junzhi , Zhang Chunling , Fang Dawei
Published: February 2022

We investigated the mismatched kinetics of electrode reactions in VRFB, RuO2, and Bi nanoparticles as the functional components electrodeposited on graphene porous gelatum-graphite bipolar plate (ERGO-GBP) integrated electrode and serving as anode and cathode, respectively. Benefitting from the unique structure and specific functionality, the novel integrated electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and functionality. The asymmetric VRFB with an RuO2-ERGO-GBP anode and a Bi-ERGO-GBP cathode shows better performance compared to the symmetric VRFB with ERGO-GBP as both anode and cathode, suggesting a feasible strategy to construct asymmetric VRFB with various functionalized ERGO-GBP integrated electrodes.
High-calorie diet results in reversible obesity-related glomerulopathy in adult zebrafish regardless of dietary fat
Authors: Zeitler Evan M. , Jennette J. Charles , Flythe Jennifer E. , Falk Ronald J. , Poulton John S.
Published: February 2022

Obesity is a risk factor for kidney disease. The role of diet in this association is difficult to study in humans. In this study, zebrafish fed a high-calorie diet, regardless of fat macronutrient composition, developed glomerulomegaly, foot process effacement, and filtration barrier dysfunction, recapitulating the changes seen in humans with obesity. Calorie restriction reversed the changes. This work suggests that macronutrient composition may be less important than total calories in the development of obesity-related kidney disease.
Decreased tubuloglomerular feedback response in high-fat diet-induced obesity
Authors: Monu Sumit R. , Wang Hong , Potter D’Anna L. , Liao Tang-Dong , Ortiz Pablo A.
Published: February 2022

Reduced tubuloglomerular feedback, higher glomerular capillary pressure, and hypertension in combination may explain the higher glomerular damage observed in high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Investigating Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Marthoenis M. , Martina M. , Alfiandi Rudi , Dahniar D. , Asnurianti Rini , Sari Hasmila , Nassimbwa Jacqueline , Arafat S. M. Yasir
Published: February 2022

Background. Antipsychotics exert metabolic side effects, and prolonged treatment with antipsychotics causes changes in body weight and muscle composition. Nevertheless, reports on the changes in body composition of patients with schizophrenia have been limited. This study is aimed at comparing the body mass index and body composition of patients with schizophrenia with healthy individuals in Indonesia. Methods. A total of 195 patients with schizophrenia (148 males and 47 females) and 195 healthy individuals matched by gender were recruited. Using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method, the participants’ body compositions were measured. Results. Compared to healthy individuals, the patient group exhibited a higher rate of underweight as well as a lower rate of overweight and obesity. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the associations between the body mass index and all measured body compositions. Furthermore, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is significantly associated with lower muscle mass, lower bone mass, higher basal metabolic rate, older metabolic age, and higher total body water. Conclusions. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia are at a greater risk of a lower quality of certain components of body composition. Priority should be given to research that addresses increasing the patient’s level of physical activity.
Herceptin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity: Assessment by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Jiang Jin , Liu Boyang , Hothi Sandeep S
Published: February 2022

Herceptin (trastuzumab) is a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody that targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is used in the treatment of HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers. However, it carries a risk of cardiotoxicity, manifesting as left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, conventionally assessed for by transthoracic echocardiography. Clinical surveillance of cardiac function and discontinuation of trastuzumab at an early stage of LV systolic dysfunction allow for the timely initiation of heart failure drug therapies that can result in the rapid recovery of cardiac function in most patients. Often considered the reference standard for the noninvasive assessment of cardiac volume and function, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has superior reproducibility and accuracy compared to other noninvasive imaging modalities. However, due to limited availability, it is not routinely used in the serial assessment of cardiac function in patients receiving trastuzumab. In this article, we review the diagnostic and prognostic role of CMR in trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity.
NPT1220-312, a TLR2/TLR9 Small Molecule Antagonist, Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Signaling, Cytokine Release, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Habas Agata , Reddy Natala Srinivasa , Bowden-Verhoek Jon K. , Stocking Emily M. , Price Diana L. , Wrasidlo Wolfgang , Bonhaus Douglas W. , Gill Martin B.
Published: February 2022

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immune system responses to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A growing body of evidence suggests that excessive TLR-mediated innate immune system activation can lead to neuronal damage and precipitate or perpetuate neurodegenerative diseases. Among TLR subtypes, both TLR2 and TLR9 have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders with increased expression of these receptors in the central nervous system being associated with pro-inflammatory signaling and increased burdens of pathologic aggregated proteins. In the current study, we characterized the actions of a combined TLR2/TLR9 antagonist, NPT1220-312, on pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine release in monocyte/macrophage-derived heterologous cells, human microglia, and murine and human whole blood. NPT1220-312 potently blocked TLR2- and TLR9-mediated release of inflammatory cytokines in monocyte/macrophage cells and in human microglia. NPT1220-312 also blocked TLR2-mediated activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome including IL-1β, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) release to the culture medium of human differentiated macrophages. The ability of NPT1220-312 to inhibit TLR2 mediated pro-inflammatory release of chemokines and cytokines in situ was demonstrated using murine and human whole blood. Together, these findings suggest that blockade of TLR2 and TLR9 may reduce inappropriate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from peripheral and central immune cells and thus potentially provide therapeutic benefit in neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative disorders.
Comparison of Long-Term Efficacy of MIS-TLIF Intraoperative Implants in Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Yao , Liu Shengfu , He Zhimin , Yu Shunzhi
Published: February 2022

Osteoporosis and degenerative spinal disease are still an unsolvable surgical problem. It is still difficult to solve the complications related to postoperative osteoporosis, such as cage subsidence, displacement, and retraction. Expandable interbody cage is a recent innovation and an increasingly popular alternative to standard static cage. However, the clinical efficacy of MIS-TLIF combined with expandable cage for the treatment of osteoporosis has limited reports. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the efficacy of MIS-TLIF with expandable cage in patients with degenerative lumbar disease with osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis who received single-level MIS-TLIF and were followed up for at least 1 year were included. The outcome measures are as follows: clinical features, perioperative period, and neurological complications. JOA score and VAS pain score were used to analyze the improvement of patients’ function. Imaging analysis included segmental lordosis (SL), lumbar lordosis (LL), intervertebral disc height (DH), and the ratio of cage height to preoperative DH (RCD). The final data analysis included 284 patients with osteoporosis. 178 patients used static cages, and 106 patients used expandable cages. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, surgical indexes, and JOA and VAS scores between the two groups. There was no difference in SL or LL between static group and expandable group. There was no significant difference in preoperative DH between the two groups. The RCD in the expansion group was significantly lower than that in the static group. The intraoperative and postoperative sedimentation rate in the static group was significantly higher than that in the expandable group. The use of expandable cages in MIS-TLIF has shown good results for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis. Through appropriate surgical techniques, the expandable cage can reduce the risk of cage sinking.
Exploring the Mechanism of Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax Notoginseng (A&P) Compounds in the Treatment of Renal Fibrosis and Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Integrated Network Analysis
Authors: Xiaojia Wang , Jianchun Li , Bingwen Zhu , Xingcan He , Yanmei Deng , Li Wang
Published: February 2022

Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) has been widely used in clinical practice to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years and achieved a remarkable improvement of these outcomes. However, its mechanisms for ameliorating CKD are still poorly obscure. In the current study, integrated network analysis was carried out to analyze the potential active ingredients and molecular mechanism of A&P on CKD, and 39 active ingredients and a total of 570 targets were obtained. Furthermore, the potential disease-related genes were obtained from the NCBI GEO database by integrating 2 microarray datasets, and 24 significant genes were utilized for subsequent analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis displayed that pathways including cell oxidative stress and Akt signaling pathway are medicated by A&P. Of note, Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) and RELA Proto-Oncogene (RELA) were regarded as hub genes considering their central roles in the gene regulatory network. What’s more, the effect of A&P and potential genes was furthermore verified by using unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) in rodent model. The results showed that the expression of HSF1 and RELA both at transcript and protein level was significantly upregulated in UUO model, but the expression was markedly reversed after A&P intervention. To further guide the interpretation of active ingredients from A&P on the effect of HSF1 and RELA, we performed a molecular docking assay and the results showed that active ingredients such as coptisine docked well into HSF1 and RELA. In total, these results suggest that A&P may improve RF in CKD by regulating HSF1 and RELA, which provides a basis for further understanding the mechanism of A&P in the treatment of RF and CKD.
Carbon Emission Calculation and Influencing Factor Analysis Based on Industrial Big Data in the “Double Carbon” Era
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yan Yan , Xu Wei , Sun Jun , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: February 2022

The arrival of the “double carbon” era indicates that industrial carbon reduction with high energy consumption and high carbon emission is imperative. From the perspective of carbon emission driving factors, industrial carbon emission is decomposed into five influencing factors: energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure, economic efficiency, and employee scale. Taking the data of 41 subindustries of industrial industry in Liaoning Province from 2010 to 2019 as the research sample, the carbon emission is calculated. The LMDI model is used to analyze and point out the difference in the driving contribution of carbon emissions of each subindustry. The results show that the total carbon emission of Liaoning province gradually decreases, decreases for the first time in 2014, and gradually turns from flat to upward. Economic efficiency is the only and most important reason to drive the increase of industrial carbon emissions in Liaoning Province, and energy efficiency is the primary factor to curb carbon emissions. High carbon industries play a significant role in promoting the increase of carbon emissions, while the medium and low carbon industries have a better effect on restraining carbon emissions. It provides reference and theoretical basis for the government to adjust the industrial structure, control industrial overcapacity, and realize the “double carbon” goal as soon as possible. It is of great significance for the country to optimize energy layout, ensure energy security, and implement the new energy strategy.
Modeling Health Event Impact on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Boudreaux Edwin D. , O’Hea Erin , Wang Bo , Quinn Eugene , Bergman Aaron L. , Bock Beth C. , Becker Bruce M. , Mohamed Haniki
Published: February 2022

Background. This study examined how cognitive and affective constructs related to an acute health event predict smoking relapse following an acute cardiac health event. Methods. Participants were recruited from emergency departments and completed cognitive and emotional measures at enrollment and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) for 84 days postvisit. Results. Of 394 participants, only 35 (8.9%) remained abstinent 84 days postvisit. Time to relapse was positively associated with age, actual illness severity, self-efficacy, and quit intentions. Conclusions. Older, seriously ill patients with strong confidence and intentions to quit smoking remain abstinent longer after discharge, but most still relapse within three months.
The Assessment of Knowledge about Tourette’s Syndrome among Medical Students and Primary Physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alalwan Anas A. , Alkhamis Mohammad A. , Samman Ahmad M. , Alsharif Enan H. M. , Tarabzoni Omar E. M. , Khatri Ismail A.
Published: February 2022

Background. Tourette’s syndrome (TS), a chronic, often disabling neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, is frequently misdiagnosed, or patients are delayed in diagnosis. There is severe deficiency of research about Tourette’s syndrome (TS) in the Middle East region. Objectives. To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of medical students and primary care physicians (PCPs) about TS and tic disorders. Methods. IRB approved, cross-sectional study. A total of 316 medical students of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University and 59 primary care physicians of Riyadh participated. Convenient, cluster sampling was used. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used. Sum of all knowledge questions was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results. Survey was completed by 375 students and physicians, of whom 253 (67.5%) were men. Mean general knowledge score was 61.5 (±12.04) out of 100. Majority (66.1%) knew the diagnostic criteria for TS; only 46.1% considered antipsychotics as effective treatment. Only 25.1% had ever heard of habit reversal; 70% wanted to learn more. Only 10% of physicians had treated a patient with TS. There was no difference in knowledge between men and women (

p
=
0.776

). Board-certified physicians had a higher knowledge score (

p
<
0.05

). Family physicians demonstrated higher level of knowledge compared to other physicians (

p
<
0.05

). There was no difference between knowledge of students of different years (

p
=
0.859

) or between students and physicians (

p
=
0.569

). Conclusion. There was alarming lack of knowledge about Tourette syndrome at various level of medical training and practice including students and physicians. Those who achieved board certification and practiced as family physicians fared better in knowledge about Tourette’s syndrome.
A Semantic Image Retrieval Method Based on Interest Selection
Authors: Hu Wenting , Sheng Yin , Zhu Xianjun
Published: February 2022

There is a semantic gap between people’s understanding of images and the underlying visual features of images, which makes it difficult for image retrieval results to meet the needs of individual interests. To overcome the semantic gap in image retrieval, this paper proposes a semantic image retrieval method based on interest selection. This method analyses the interest points of individual selections and gives the weight of the interest selection in different regions of an image. By extracting the underlying visual features of different regions, this paper constructs two feature vector methods after users’ interest point weighting. The two methods are called interest weighted summation and interest weighting. Finally, this paper compares the accuracy of different image classification methods using a support vector machine classification algorithm. The experimental results show that the target classification accuracy of the classification algorithm based on interest weighted summation is higher than that of the traditional and interest weighted methods. The classification algorithm based on interest weighted summation has the highest overall effect on target object classification in the four experimental scenarios. Therefore, the interest point selection method can effectively improve the overall satisfaction of image recommendation and can be used as a novel solution to overcome the semantic gap.