bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Report of Diatoms from Maipokhari Lake, Ilam, Nepal
Authors: Rai S.K.
Published: August 2007

The present paper deals with 10 taxa belonging to 5 genera of Bacillariophycean algae first time from Maipokhari Lake of Ilam district. Out of these, 8 taxa viz., Eunotia diodon Ehr., E. gracilis (Ehr.) Rabenh., E. monodon Ehr. var. bidens (Greg.) Sm., E. monodon Ehr. var. tropica Hust., Navicula placenta Ehr., Pinnularia conica Gandhi, P. sundaensis Hust. and Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. var. capitata Muell. are being reported for the first time from Nepal. Key words: Algae, Bacillariophyceae, Diatom, Ilam, Maipokhari Lake, Nepaldoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.331Our Nature (2005) 3: 26-30
General Biology of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne-Edwards) of Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Sharma A. , Subba B.R.
Published: August 2007

Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne-Edward) is commonly known as “kuncho river prawn,” occurring in freshwater ponds and rivers of Biratnagar, Nepal. They are nocturnal species feed voraciously on planktonic organisms, algae, muscles pieces of their own kind or fish etc. M. lamarrei is a medium-sized prawn ranging from 75-80 mm in length rostrum bears 7-9 teeth dorsally and 5-8 ventrally. The estimation of fecundity was done following egg counting method from March, 2004 to February, 2005. The mean fecundity ranged from 82-308 in the prawn having mean body length 57-74 mm and mean bodyweight 0.78-1.62 g. The correlation coefficient (r) of the relationship between body length and fecundity, and body weight and fecundity were 0.201 and 0508 respectively, indicating insignificant relationship. The mean fecundity was found to be 183.55 and mean relative fecundity ranged from 82-221.79. The mature eggs measured 0.54-0.64 mm on its long axis. The suitable temperature recorded during egg laying time was found to be 30±2oC, Do 10 mgl-1 and pH 7.75-8. Marked differences in the morphology and habit of larval stages of prawn ranging from length of body to number of rostral teeth were noted.Key words: Biratnagar, General biology, Macrobrachium lamarrei, Nepaldoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.332Our Nature (2005) 3: 31-41
Contribution to the Algal Flora (Chlorophyceae) of Namchi, Sikkim-Himalayas
Authors: Kumar S. , Rai S.K.
Published: August 2007

The present communication is a part of survey being conducted to study the fresh water algal flora of Namchi, South Sikkim. Thirteen taxa of class Chlorophyceae, which include 8 genera, 10 species and 3 varieties, were identified from 6 samples. Spirogyra nitida (Dillw.) Link, Netrium digitus (Ehr.) Itzigs. and Roth. and Scenedesmus bijugatus (Turp.) Kuetz. were the dominant green algae followed by the remaining other rare species of Scenedesmus and Staurastrum. All these taxa constitute new records for the study area. Key words: Chlorophyceae, Fresh water algae, India, Namchi, Sikkim-Himalayadoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.334Our Nature (2005) 3: 50-55
Comparative Analysis of the Flora of Morang District and Adjoining Areas of Nepal
Authors: Jha S.
Published: August 2007

Nine hundred and forty seven species of vascular plants under 661 genera and 172 families were recorded from Morang district and adjoining areas of Nepal. The genus-species ratio of the vascular plants in general and angiosperms in particular was 1:1.43 and 1:1.44, respectively; and 498 genera of vascular plants were represented by a single species only. On the basis of number of species, Polypodiaceae (11) was the largest family of pteridophytes, and Pinaceae (3) of gymnosperms. Among the angiosperms ten largest families were: Leguminosae (91)>Poaceae (80)> Asteraceae (57)>Euphorbiaceae (31)> Cyperaceae (28)> Rubiaceae(26) > Lamiaceae and Solanaceae (22 each) > Acanthaceae (21)> Orchidaceae (20) > Convolvulaceae (16). The biological spectrum of the study area was phanerotherophytic type. Key words: Conservation, Exotic weeds, Floristic analysis, Life forms, Reproductive seasonsdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.336Our Nature (2005) 3: 63-68
Some Fresh Water Algae of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Misra P.K. , Srivastava A.K. , Prakash J. , Asthana D.K. , Rai S.K.
Published: August 2007

Present communication deals morpho-taxonomic description of 11 fresh water algae belonging to class Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. Chlorophycean genera are Pediastrum Meyen (1 sp), Cladophora (2 spp), Staurastrum (3 spp), Onychonema (2 spp) and Desmidium (1 sp) while Bacillariophycean genera are Navicula (1 sp) and Rhopalodia (1 sp). Key words: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Fresh water algaedoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.338Our Nature (2005) 3: 77-80
Community Structure of Zooplanktonic Groups of Chimdi Lake, Sunsari, Nepal
Authors: Surana R. , Subba B.R. , Limbu K.P.
Published: August 2007

Community structure of zooplankton in Chimdi Lake was assessed during the year 2003-2005. During the period of investigation 15 species of zooplanktons representing 3 groups namely Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera were recorded. Key words: Birju Tal, Chimdi Lake, Zooplanktondoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.339Our Nature (2005) 3: 81-82
Wildlife Biodiversity in Bhawal National Park: Management Techniques and Drawbacks of Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation
Authors: Kabir D.S. , Ahmed A.Z.
Published: August 2007

This paper emphasizes wildlife biodiversity and the management techniques and drawbacks particularly in Bhawal National Park. The park was declared a National Park in 1982; there was a great diversity of animal species at Bhawal National Park especially peafowl and jungle fowl dating back, to the British era as well as the Pakistani era. But unfortunately during and after 1971 there were neither reports nor any sighting of these attractive creatures. It is also remarkable; the remaining creatures such as civet, skunk, mongoose etc are endangered as well. The park management techniques and how they can be improved in order to preserve wildlife from the viewpoint of the Forest Department as the villagers couldn’t give any. Information through field observations, interviews and focus group discussions were collected. Conservation is the only alternative measure remaining for the rapidly dwindling small area of the Sal forest; The WMNCC will definitely have to come into effect if a consensus and status of the existing wildlife is to be published; The park management staff can also put up some colorful signboards depicting what species of wildlife that the tourist can find; Co-management of protected areas has great importance for conservation. Key words: Bhawal National Park, Management technique, Nature conservation, Wildlife biodiversitydoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.340Our Nature (2005) 3: 83-90
Diet Analysis of Gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus Smith, 1827) by Micro-Histological Analysis of Fecal Samples in Parsa Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Chetri M
Published: August 2007

The uses of food plants by gaur Bos gaurus gaurus were studied by micro-histological analysis of fecal samples in Parsa Wildlife Reserve, Nepal with an aim to explore the diet composition, preferable food plants and monthly variation in plants consumption. The results have shown that the diet of gaur consisted of diverse species of plants (49 species). On an average, grass comprises a major proportion (66%), followed by browse (25%) and herb and others (5%). Although gaur consumes variety of food plants, six plant species: four grass- Themada sp., Phragmites karka, Imperata cylindrica and Vetiveria zizanoides and two browse – Wendlandia exserta and Phaulopsis imbricata are highly preferred. The highest browse to grass ratio (1.27) was estimated during January and least (0.7) during June.Keywords: Bos gaurus gaurus, Food habits, Micro-histological analysisdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.499Our Nature Vol.4(1) 2006 pp20-28
Traditional Grazing System and Seasonal Pasture Use in Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Pokharel A. , Chetri M.
Published: August 2007

This research was undertaken from March 2006 to October 2006. The main aim of this research was to analysis the grazing system and seasonal pasture use in the selected VDCs of Upper Mustang. Ground truthing data of the two VDCs were collected to identify the seasonal pasture type and units. The pasture units were delineated in Topographic map by observing the pastures from vantage points. Key informants were consulted at field for this pupose. In addition, focal group discussion and interviews were taken with the village elite, herders and grazers for assessing grazing rights and use patterns. The result of this study reveals that the pastures lying in political boundary of one VDC are not necessarily being used by the same VDC. People have been practicing the traditional use right irrespective of the political boundary. On the basis of seasonal use, 7 different seasonal pasture types have been identified in the pastures used by Chhoser VDC and 6 different seasonal pasture types in Chuksang VDC. Livestock compositions in the two VDCs are different. The density of livestock in Chhosher VDC is 35.74 per sq. km. whereas it is only 15.69 per sq km. in Chhuksang VDC. The grazing system and the use of resources are also different in these two pastures. Keywords: Conservation, Grazing system, Pasture conflicts, Rangeland, Seasonal pasture usedoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.500Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp29-41
Yarsagumba [Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc.]; Traditional Utilization in Dolpa District, Western Nepal
Authors: Devkota S.
Published: August 2007

Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., a well-known and valued traditional medicine, is also called winter worm summer grass. The product deserves high potential to generate income opportunities, enhance rural income and raise the national revenue. The study of C. sinensis was carried out in Dolpa district, Western Nepal to document ethnomycological uses and local practices. Data were collected using open ended questionnaires administered to collectors/users (n = 74), traders (n = 25) and local healers or amchis (n = 3). Indigenous peoples are utilizing this Himalayan treasure for the treatment of different diseases like diarrhea, headache, cough, rheumatism, liver disease, and also as an aphrodisiac and tonic. Internationally it is regarded as Himalayan Viagra. The present study therefore aims at highlighting the ethnomycological uses of C. sinensis resource of the Trans-Himalayan region in their niche.Key words: Cordyceps, Dolpa, Ethnomycology, Nepaldoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.502Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp48-52
A Checklist of Fissidens species (Musci: Fissidentaceae) of Nepal
Authors: Pradhan N. , Joshi S. D.
Published: August 2007

This paper includes 42 species and 7 varieties of Fissidens recorded from Nepal. The distribution of this genus in various geographical areas within the altitudinal range of 100 m to 3400 m has been mentioned. Fissidens sylvaticus var. calcuttense Gangulee, Fissidens sylvaticus var. auriculatus (C. Muell.) Gangulee and Fissidens strictus Hook. & Wilson have been recorded for the first time in Nepal.Keywords: Fissidens, Bryophytes, Mosses, Conservationdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.504Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp61-68
Use of Medicinal Plants in Traditional Tibetan Therapy System in Upper Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Manish Raj
Published: August 2007

The paper deals with 93 species of medicinal plants belonging to74 genera spread over 35 families, which are used in traditional Tibetan therapy system by amchis (medical practitioners) in Upper Mustang.Key words: Amchis, Medicinal plants, Tibetan therapy system, Upper Mustangdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.505Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp69-82
An Overview of Floral Diversity in Wetlands of Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Siwakoti M.
Published: August 2007

Based on altitudinal variations, Nepal is divided into 7 physiographic zones. The southern lowland constitutes the Terai zone (below 300m) and is a part of alluvial Gangetic plain lying between the Indian border and the outer foothills (Siwaliks). Biogeographically, the area falls in the Indo-Malayan region and is characterized by tropical climate. The area is rich in floral diversity and contains about 1885 species of vascular plants. However, a detail inventory is yet to be prepared. The region also houses a number of habitats such as wetlands, croplands, grasslands, forests, riverine floodplains and so on. Terai is an important area for wetland habitat where exists 80 natural lakes, 55 important floodplains, 12 marshes as well as reservoirs and canals. In addition, there are several rivers/streams, seasonally flooded grasslands, rice fields and man made aqua-cultural ponds. The present paper highlights wetland dependent endemics, threatened plant species, and also gives an overview about the species composition, habitat wise distribution, uses and threats. Attention has been given to focus the Koshi Tappu and Ghodaghodi wetlands. Keywords: Flora, Ghodagodi, Koshi Tappu, Terai, Wetlandsdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.506Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp83-90
Diversity of Wetland Birds around the Koshi Barrage Area
Authors: Chhetry D. T.
Published: August 2007

Koshi Barrage area comprises of a large reservoir, marshlands channels, floodplain, reed beds etc. which support fascinating birdlife. The present paper deals with the studies of wetland birds diversity of the Koshi Barrage area. Altogether 98 species of wetland birds belonging to 60 genera and 18 families were recorded. Key words: Koshi Barrage, Wetland birdsdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.507Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp91-95
Order Form
Authors: Subba Bharat Raj
Published: August 2007

Not available
Ethnomedicinal uses of plants among the Newar community of Pharping village of Kathmandu District, Nepal
Authors: Balami N. P.
Published: August 2007

The present paper highlights 119 species of plants used as medicine by the Newar community of Pharping village of Kathmandu district. All reported medicinal plants were used for 35 types of diseases like Diabetes, Epilepsy, Fever, Jaundice, Rheumatism and other condition such as incense, spice and flavourant etc.

Key words: Ethnomedicine, Newar, Pharping village, Kathmandu district.
Microbial control of white grubs with entomopathogenic fungi and its value in integrated pest management (IPM) in Nepal
Authors: G. C. Yubak Dhoj , Keller Siegried , Nagel Peter
Published: August 2007

With an objective to explore the possibility of biocontrol of white grubs using entomopathogenic fungi, an exploratory tudy was conducted in the Syangja and Parbat districts in nepal in the winter of 2001/2002. In order to explore the occurrence of indigenous fungal pathogens of white grubs, field and laboratory experiments were carried out and information were collected from all available sources. Upon collection of the white grubs the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae was found to be associated with white grubs in fields with arable crop. Disease prevalence was between ) and 2% depending on host origin and species. Bioassays revealed that the Nepalese isolates of this fungus species were as pathogenic as a Swiss isolate used for comparison purposes. Therefore, Future work will be done exclusively with Nepalese isolates. Analysis of soils from three different regions showed that M. anisopliae is common and was present in about 50% of the samples irrespective of their origin. However, the fungus densities were low. Another entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was isolated as well from a few soil samples. Based on these first results, the possibilities to develop mycoinsecticides and to integrate them into existing pest management (IMP) systems are considered as very promising. In the meantime a project funded by Helvetas has been initiated at Tribhuvan University (TU), Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Key words: Biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, Scarabaeidae, white grubs, Nepal.
Lichens flora of Phulchoki (Kathmandu)
Authors: Devkota A.
Published: August 2007

Study of lichens flora of Phulchoki showed that this area is rich in the lichen flora. A total of 250 different samples were collected from this area. The identification of collected specimens was done on basis of their morphological, anatomical and inimical studies. The lichens were collected from different altitudinal gradients extending from 1500-2700m. above sea level. The association of lichens with different substrata also studied. A total of 32 species of lichens were identified, which encompass 9 families and 10 genera. Among them family Parmeliaceae was largest.
The Kot Massacre : A Critical Assessment
Authors: Vaidya T. R.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.15(1) 2000 pp.1-18
Basic Concepts of Mandala
Authors: Shakya Milan
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.15(1) 2000 pp.81-88
Unpublished Documents Of Kausi Tosa Khana
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.15(1) 2000 pp.129
British Gurkha Recruitment : A Historical Perspective
Authors: Rathaur Kamal Raj Singh
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.19-24
History of Nepalese Buddhism: From Mythological Tradition to the Lichhavi Period
Authors: Thapa Shanker
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.25-42
Practical Aspect of Newar Buddhism and the Context of History
Authors: Mishra Nivedita K.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.57-66
Historical Entity of Vijayapur State
Authors: Subedi Raja Ram
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Voice of History Vol.17-20(1) 2005 pp.23-28
Unpublished Documents of Kaushi Tosa Khana
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Voice of History Vol.17-20(1) 2005 pp.119-120
Arsenic Removal Efficiencies of a Few Impregnated Silicate Meterials
Authors: Islam MF , Rahman M Mokhlesur
Published: August 2007

The commonly available brick particles were impregnated with selected compounds and tested for As absorption properties. The materials tested are FeSO4 treated roasted brick particles, Fe2(SO4)3 treated roasted brick particles, FeSO4 and Na2CO3 treated brick particles, Fe2 (SO4)3 and Na2CO3 treated brick particles, ZnSO4 and Na2CO3 treated brick particles, FeSO4 and Na2HPO4 treated brick particles and waste cement plaster as such. It was observed that the substances showed different behavior of As absorption on short and long time contact. On long time contact periods the absorption capacities are much increased with high concentrations of As in solution. However with short time contact with low As concentration, the materials show saturation or no absorption after certain time period. Thus variable capacities for As absorption are shown depending on concentration, time of absorption and interval time between two contact periods.

As (III) absorption was studied in the pH range 2.45-7.0. The data also show that with a contact time of 3 hrs. or more, the level of As is reduced to the acceptable limit of 0.05 ppm in water.

High concentration of phosphate in water decreases as absorption as phosphate is also strongly absorbed by iron oxide impregnated brick particles.

Leaching of loaded arsenic from brick particles using different common chemicals was also studied for ferrous sulfate treated roasted brick particles. Out of the solutions of common chemicals (10 % caustic soda, 20% sodium chloride, 10 % sodium carbonate, 10 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10% TSP and 5 % NH3) only 10 % caustic soda can leach ~ 95 % As from As loaded brick particles and others much less. Ordinary water within pH 4-7 leach very little arsenic from iron oxide impregnated brick particles.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 1-14, 2006
Study of Thermal Conductivity of Hexamethylene Tetramine and Nitrobenzene along with NaOH Doped Paperboards and their use in Electronic and Electrical Devices as Insulator
Authors: Ahmed Nurzaman Ara , Haque Dilruba , Hossain M Tofazzal , Rahman Syed Baslur , Alamgir M , Jalal ABM Shah
Published: August 2007

Thermal conductivity of hexamethyelne tetramine and nitrobenzene along with NaOH doped papers were prepared from Bangladesh jute and their thermal properties were studied by Lee's disc method. The thermal conductivity (K) of paper boards containing HMTA along with 16 % NaOH decrease with the concentration of HMTA up to 0.3 % and then increase with the concentration of the compounds. The highest value of K=3.028x10-4 cal.cm-1sec-1 degree-1C concentration for 0.5 % HMTAand the lowest value of K=2.5x10-4cal.cm-1 sec-1 degree-1C concentration for 0.3 % HMTA but the addition of NB contents show the reverse phenomenon.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 55-62, 2006
Nutritional Value and Use of Shrimp Head Waste as Fish Meal
Authors: Nargis A , Ahmed KN , Ahmed GM , Hossain MA , Rahman Munsur
Published: August 2007

The different parameters on physico-chemical characteristics especially the free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide values, iodine values, lipid class composition and major elements of shrimp head waste were studied. The oil was fractionated into mono, di and triglycerides by silicic acid column chromatography. The calcium ranged from 3.26mg/100 gm to 5.08 mg/100 gm, magnesium 4.79mg/100gm to 7.02 mg/100gm, sodium 51.09 mg/100gm to 73.05 mg/100gm and potassium 52.91 mg/100gm to 83.07 mg/100gm respectively. The percentage of crude protein is 49.47.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 63-66, 2006
Repellent Effect of Indigenous Plant Bhat (Clerodendron Viscosum L.) Leaf on Tribolium Castaneum Herbst
Authors: Husain MM , Rahman M Munsur
Published: August 2007

Repellent response of Bhat (Clerodendron viscosum L) to adult and larvae of Tribolium castaneum was studied. Results indicated that both the adults and larvae were repelled by contact with food medium treated with Bhat leaf dust conditioned with 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm of flour.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 67-72, 2006
Studies on the Isolation of Parahydroxy Benzoic Acid from the Leaves of Cassia Alata
Authors: Rahaman MS , Hasan AJM Moynul , Ali MY , Ali MU
Published: August 2007

Studies were carried out on the leaves of Cassia alata. Parahydroxy benzoic acid was isolated from the leaves of Cassia alata with the help of column and thin layer chromatography using a gradient of organic solvents with increasing polarity. The compound was characterized on the basis of UV, IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectrometry.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 89-92, 2006
Growth, Yield, Oil Content and Composition of Cymbopogon Jwarencusa in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Jasim Uddin , Nandi Nemai Chandra , Uddin Minhaj , Rahman Majibur , Hosain Mir Ezharul
Published: August 2007

Cymbopogon jwarencusa, an aromatic grass recently introduced in Bangladesh was studied for its growth, yield, oil content and composition of the oil. The herbage yield and oil content were highest in 2nd and 1st cutting respectively. Among the thirty three compounds identified by GC- MS, piperitone (85 %) was the single major compound in the oil. Among others, eucalyptol (2.2 %), camphene (2 %) and β-elemene (1.4 %) are mentionable.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 97-100, 2006
Studies on the Physiological and Biochemical Composition of Different Mango Cultivars at Various Maturity Levels
Authors: Shafique MZ , Ibrahim M , Helali MOH , Biswas SK
Published: August 2007

A comparative study on physiological and biochemical composition of ten varieties of mangoes was carried out at three maturity stages viz. immature, mature and ripe to find out the standard one. During the investigation, whole weight of the mangoes, pulp content, weight of peel and stone, total soluble solid (TSS), pH, acidity, sugar content and vitamin C were determined at three maturity stages. It was observed that all the varieties at ripe stages had higher sugar content as compared to immature and mature stages. Attractive flavour and pleasant taste were also developed in ripe stages and differed from one another due to varietal specific. This characteristics odour which appeared during ripening is due to ester and components of carbonyl types.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 101-108, 2006
Effect of Different Soil Moisture Regime on the Yield and Yield Components of Onion
Authors: Sen R , Mondal ATMAI , Brahma S , Khan MS
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 109-112, 2006
Partial Purification and Monosaccharide Composition of Polysaccharides of Hypnea Musciformis by GC Analysis
Authors: Bi Fatima , Iqbal Seema
Published: August 2007

Dried chopped plant of Hypnea musciformis (red algae) was extracted with hot water and cold dilute acid. Yield of High Molecular Weight Crude Polysaccharide HMWCP obtained by ethanol precipitation and lyophilization were in the range of 15-20 %. Anion exchange chromatography of dialyzed material provided a homogenous fraction. Acid hydrolysis and monosaccharide composition were determined as a function of time. Separation achieved by paper chromatography and GC analysis as an alditol acetates showed galactose as a predominant sugar of the polysaccharides. A significant amount of glucose was found in crude sample. Xylose/arabinose and some fucoses were also detected in various proportions in crude and partially purified fractions.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 141-146, 2006
Studies on Preparation of Cobalt Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Jahan Ismet Ara , Rahman AHMM
Published: August 2007

CMC was prepared from agricultural wastes-rice straw and wheat straw. This was then converted via its acidic form of CMC to CoCMC by reaction with Co (II) chloride. A maximum of about 7 % cobalt content in the product, CoCMC, obtained from both the sources was recorded, when 1.0 g of the acid form of CMC was treated with 5.0 g of Co (II) chloride in an overall mixture of 250 ml of water at 90° C for 8 hours.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 159-166, 2006
Effect of Calcium and Bradyrhizobium Inoculation of the Growth, Yield and Quality of Groundnut (A. hypogaea L.)
Authors: Rahman M Ataur
Published: August 2007

The study was aimed at determining the effect of fertilizer element calcium and Bradyrhizobium inoculation in improving the yield and quality of groundnut seed. The experiment was conducted in 1997-78 and 1998-99 in the clay loam soil. The fertilizing element calcium significantly affected all the yield attributes and quality up to 150kg/ha and then decline. There was also an increasing trend in qualitative characteristics like percentage of oil and protein content of groundnut with the increase in the level of calcium from 0-150 kg/ha. Bradyrhizobium fertilization affected the yield significantly but most of the yield attributes was not affected significantly.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 181-188, 2006
Studies on the Preparation of Powerful Phenyl from Petuli Seed Oil
Authors: Mondal MIH , Khaleque MA , Hossain MA , Hye MA
Published: August 2007

Studies were carried out on the preparation of powerful phenyl from petuli (Trewia nudiflora linn) seed oil. It was found that petuli seed contains 22 % of pale-yellow coloured oil. The physical and chemical characteristics of the oil were determined by the conventional methods and the fatty acid by gas liquid chromatography (G.L.C). From the results it is evident that the oil can be used suitably for the preparation of powerful phenyl on accounts of its high α-elaeostearic acid (38 %) a major fatty acid component content and higher saponification value (185). This phenyl was applied on bacteria and found effective result.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 203-206, 2006
Efficacy of Malathion in Controlling Tribolium Castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Husain MM , Hasan MR
Published: August 2007

Effect of malathion on treated food medium was studied on adult and 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum. The LD50 for the instars was 228.22, 78.13 and 183.01 ppm, respectively. The rate of mortality increased with increasing concentrations. Toxicity probably depended on the ingestion of the treated food medium.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 239-244, 2006
Formic Acid Pulping of Bagasse
Authors: Jahan M Sarwar
Published: August 2007

Atmospheric formic acid pulping of bagasse was done with varying formic acid concentration and cooking time. Pulp yield and kappa number decreased with increasing formic acid concentration or cooking time. The optimal cooking conditions were 90 % formic acid and 90 min of cooking at 95°C. The pulp yield at this condition was 44.4 % and kappa number 26.1. The strength properties were acceptable in formic acid pulping of bagasse. Addition of H2SO4 catalyst in formic acid degraded carbohydrate, resulting lower pulp yield and inferior strength properties. The strength properties were improved slightly after bleaching.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 245-250, 2006
Benzylation of Phenol with Benzyl Alcohol in the Presence of Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Tareque Mahmud Hasan , Ismail Mohammad , Chakravarty Prashanta , Rana Ashequl Alam , Saha Manoranjan
Published: August 2007

Benzylphenol has been produced in high yield by the benzylation of phenol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of sulphuric acid. The effect of variation of temperature, molar ratio of phenol to benzyl alcohol, time of reaction, concentration and amount of sulphuric acid have been studied on the reaction.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 257-261, 2006
Reaction of Xylenes with Benzyl Chloride in the Presence of Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride
Authors: Tareque Mahmud Hasan , Ismail Mohammad , Islam Shams Tania Afroza , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Saha Manoranjan
Published: August 2007

Reactions of ortho-, meta- and para-xylenes with benzyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as catalyst have been studied. The effects of variation of temperature, molar ratio of xylene to benzyl chloride, amount of catalyst and reaction time on the reactions have been investigated.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 251-256, 2006
Controlled Release of Naproxen Sodium from Eudragit RS 100 Transdermal Film
Authors: Khatun Masuda , Islam SM Ashraful , Akter Parvin , Quadir Mohiuddin Abdul , Reza Md. Selim
Published: August 2007

Polymeric films of Eudragit RS 100 were prepared by solvent casting method to explore the possibilities of using this polymer in transdermal therapeutic system (TTS). Naproxen was used as a model drug and incorporated in two different percent loading (8.3 % w/w and 20.8 % w/w of films). Effects of two plasticizers ( PEG 1500 and PEG 4000) and two release modifiers ( PVA and HPMC 15cps) on in vitro drug release from naproxen loaded eudragit RS films were assessed. Drug release was found to be a function of drug load, PEG molecular weight and physico-chemical property of the release modifiers incorporated. At low drug load, highest amount of drug was released from flims containing PEG 1500 (more than 95%). However, a burst release was evident in case of all the experimental batches except that loaded with HPMC 15 cps. With this formulation, more than 75 % of active principle was released after 8 hours while only 12 % of naproxen was liberated in the first hour of dissolution. Increasing drug load, increased the rate and extent of drug release from eudragit RS films; however this effect was minimized when PEG 4000 was used as release modifier. For PEG 1500 loaded films, drug release was decreased with increasing drug concentration in the TTS. Inclusion of PEG in eudragit RS films caused the drug to be released by diffusion (Fickian) kinetics whereas PVA and HPMC containing formulations released drug by diffusion mechanism coupled with erosion.

Key words: Naproxen sodium, Eudragit RS 100, Controlled release.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

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Base Catalyzed Intra Molecular Wittig Reaction Between [2-Ethoxy-3-(4-Substituted Phenyl)-2-Propenylidene] Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromides With Bifunctional Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Ueda Ikuo
Published: August 2007

5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(alkyloraryl)-4-(alkyloraryl)-2-cylopenten-1-one and 2-ethoxycar-bonyl-5-(alkyl or aryl)-3-(alkyl or aryl)-2- cyclopenten-1-one derivatives and ethyl-6-(alkyl or aryl)-3-(alkyl or aryl)-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoate derivatives have been prepared by a single step reaction between [2-ethoxy-3-(4-subsituted phenyl)-2-propenylidene triphenyl phosphonium bromides and bifunctional carbonyl compounds e.g glyoxal in presence of a base. The mechanism of the formation of the products is also proposed.

Key words: Wittig Reaction, Triphenyl phosphonium bromide, Hexadienoate, Cyclopentanoate

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

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Adsorption of Dopamine-hydrochloride (DPH) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Quayum ME , Mannan RJ , Rahman Syed Golam
Published: August 2007

Adsorption of dopamine hydrochloride 3-hydroxy tyraminium chloride on solid surfaces like silica gel, alumina, kaolin and attapulgite from aqueous solution under different pH values were studied. It was observed that the extent of adsorption of dopamine hydrochloride (DPH) with various pH values did not show any systematic pattern for all the four solids. In most cases it was found that pH has little influence on the extent of adsorption even though adsorption increased with increasing initial concentration of the adsorbate solution. The Langmuir plots in most cases showed non-linear trend indicating multilayer adsorption. Adsorption of DPH on all four solids was consistent with the Frendlich adsorption isotherm and thus it is evident that the multilayer adsorption takes place from solutions. The adsorption phenomena were kinetically found to be ideal and it is confirmed from the experimental results that DPH does not interact with any of the four solids. The adsorption phenomena were investigated with respect to change in concentration, temperatures and duration of the process.

Key words: Adsorption, DPH, Monolayer and multilayer, pH and concentration varieties.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

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Solution Properties and Phase Behavior of Ammonium Hexylene Octyl Succinate in Water and Water-Oil System
Authors: Kabir Md. Hamidul , Makhkamov Ravshan , Kabir Shaila
Published: August 2007

The solution properties and phase behavior of ammonium hexylene octyl succinate (HOS) was investigated in water and water-oil system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of HOS is lower than that of anionic surfactants having same carbon number in the lipophilic part. The phase diagrams of a water/ HOS system and water/ HOS/ C10EO8/ dodecane system were also constructed. Above critical micelle concentration, the surfactant forms a normal micellar solution (Wm) at a low surfactant concentration whereas a lamellar liquid crystalline phase (La) dominates over a wide region through the formation of a two-phase region (La+W) in the binary system. The lamellar phase is arranged in the form of a biocompatible vesicle which is very significant for the drug delivery system. The surfactant tends to be hydrophilic when it is mixed with C10EO8 and a middle-phase microemulsion (D) is appeared in the water-surfactant-dodecane system where both the water and oil soluble drug ingredient can be incorporated in the form of a dispersion. Hence, mixing can tune the hydrophile-lipophile properties of the surfactant.

Key words: Ammonium hexylene octyl succinate, mixed surfactant, lamellar liquid crystal, middle-phase microemulsion.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

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Alkamide and Lignan from the Stem Bark of Piper chaba (Piperaceae)
Authors: Haque Md. Enamul , Rahman Atiar , Amin Abdullhel , Shekher Hussain Uddin
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Rate Controlled Release of Naproxen from HPMC Based Sustained Release Dosage Form: I. Microcapsule Compressed Tablet and Matrices
Authors: Molla Md Abdul Khalek , Shaheen Sharif Mohammad , Rashid Manunur , Hossain AKM Motahar
Published: August 2007

The aim of the present study was to investigate the release kinetic profiles of Naproxen (NP) from microcapsule compressed as well as matrix tablets using a combination of water insoluble materials with hydrophilic polymers. The ethyl cellulose (EC)/ hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) combination controlled the release rate of NP by their concentration ratios from the microcapsule compressed tablets. When the hydrophilic part of the combination was increased, the release rate of NP was rationally increased. Accordingly their kinetic constants as well as diffusion coefficients also increased. It can be concluded that the hydrophilic part HPMC could contribute a developed-macromolecular network structure along with EC, through which the NP release can be controlled like twining-release system. On the other hand introduction of waxy materials like bees wax (BW), cetyl alcohol (CA) and stearic acid (SA) into the HPMC based matrices showed a different release pattern. In this case increased hydrophobic part of the combinations decreased the release profiles including kinetic constant as well as diffusion coefficient. The first 60% kinetic profiles showed that tablets using all the additives released the drug by a non-Fickian diffusion (approx. zero order Model).

Key words: Sustained release, Microcapsule, Naproxen, Diffusion exponent, Kinetic constant, Diffusion coefficient

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

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Cytotoxicity Study of Some Ketone Schiff Bases and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Al-Amin Mohammad , Islam Md Rabiul
Published: August 2007

The cytotoxicity of 11 synthesized ketone Schiff bases and 16 heterocyclic compounds was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It was observed that all the synthesized compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 of 1.05-2.45 µg/ml against brine shrimp nauplii.

Key words: Schiff base, Heterocyclic compounds, Cytotoxicity, Brine shrimp.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

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Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) Profiles in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Karim Pinky , Sadat AFM Nazmus , Hossain Md Iqbal , Qusar MMA Shalahuddin , Islam SK Nazrul , Hasnat Abul
Published: August 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the serum immunoglobulin concentration in both schizophrenic patients and healthy individuals. The study was conducted with 30 (thirty) schizophrenic patients (24 males and 6 females, aged 55.4±13.0 years); age and gender-matched, control subjects were enrolled. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to analyze the serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Results showed that the concentrations of serum IgG, IgM and IgA were not changed significantly than that of the cohort controls. The IgG level was found to be 15.23 ± 3.82 g/l (p = 0.341) in the schizophrenic patients, while it was 14.36 ± 3.37 g/l in the cohort controls. IgM and IgA concentrations were 6.19 ± 2.36 g/l (p = 0.861) and 4.85 ± 1.70 g/l (p = 0.362) in the schizophrenic patients, whereas those were 6.00 ± 2.05 g/l and 4.48 ± 1.39 g/l, respectively, in healthy volunteers. In many psychiatric disorders, immunoglobulin levels changed significantly and have been used as a tool for the preliminary diagnosis of those diseases. The study concludes that serum immunoglobulin levels in schizophrenic patients may not be useful as a diagnostic tool for the identification of this disorder.

Key words: Immunoglobulin, Schizophrenia, Psychiatry

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Secondary Metabolites from Sterespermum chelonoides
Authors: Haque Mohammad R , Rahman Khondaker M , Begum Bilkis , Hasan Choudhury M , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2007

Five compounds namely, sterekunthal B (1), sterequinone C (2), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), p-hydroxyphenylmethyl ketone (4) and stigmasterol (5) were isolated from methanolic extract of the stem bark of Stereospermum chelonoides. The structures of compounds 1-5 were established by extensive spectroscopic studies, notably high field NMR and MS. This is the first report of occurrence of 1-5 from Stereospermum chelonoides.

Key words: Stereospermum chelonoides, Bignoniaceae, Sterekunthal B, Sterequinone C

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

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Phytochemical Studies of Amoora cucullata
Authors: Rahman Mohammad S , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Begum Bilkis , Rahman Khondaker M , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2007

Five compounds were isolated from a hexane extract of the stem bark of Amoora cucullata. The structures of the isolated compounds were established as fridelin (1), stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, betulinic acid (2) and caffeic acid (3) by extensive spectroscopic studies, including high field NMR and MS analyses. This is the first report of occurrence of these compounds from A. cucullata.

Key words: Amoora cucullata, Meliaceae, Fridelin, Betulinic acid, Caffeic acid, β-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

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Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Imperata cylindrica
Authors: Saha Achinto , Masud Muhammad Alamgir , Masud Muhammad Alamgir , Alimuzzaman Md , Alimuzzaman Md , Bachar Sitesh Chandra , Bachar Sitesh Chandra , Kundu Joydeb Kumar , Kundu Joydeb Kumar , Datta Bidyut Kanti , Datta Bidyut Kanti
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

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Central Nervous System Depressant Activity of Amoora cucullata Roxb.
Authors: Das AK , Shahid IZ , Ahmed Firoj , Moniruzzaman M , Masud Mohammad Mehedi
Published: August 2007

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Oleanane Glycosides from Eclipta prostrata
Authors: Rahman Mohammad S , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Hasan Chodhury M , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2007

Two oleanane-type glycosides eclalbasaponin II (1) and eclalbasaponin I (2) along with the ubiquitous steroid, stigmasterol were isolated from an n-hexane extract of the stem bark of Eclipta prostrata. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic studies, notably high field NMR and MS. The 13C NMR data of the parent saponins 1 and 2 are reported here for the first time.

Key words: Eclipta prostrata, Compositae, Oleanane glycoside, Eclalbasaponin I, Eclalbasaponin II.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

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Effect of Electrolytes on Release of Diclofenac Sodium from Agarose Beads
Authors: Nimmi Ishrat , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Dulal Mia Mohammad , Reza Md. Selim
Published: August 2007

Diclofenac sodium loaded agarose beads were prepared and release profile of Diclofenac Sodium was investigated. Beads were prepared by dropping a hot aqueous agar solution into a beaker of chilled Paraffin oil and water. Water was made acidic to the pH of 1.65 using concentrated hydrochloric acid to reduce the prior diffusion of Diclofenac sodium into preparatory vehicle. Upon drying, the beads shrank and their dimensions were changed. In-vitro drug dissolution studies were carried out in distilled water. The release profile was found to be a function of polymer load and electrolytes incorporation into the beads. Increasing the polymer load decreased the rate and extent of drug release due to increased thickness and reduced the porosity of the system. Incorporation of mono & divalent metal salts by abating the amount of agarose in the formulations increased the release rate of the drug.

Key words: Diclofenac Na, Agarose bead, Electrolyte

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

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Isolation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus of Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Haque Md. Aminul , Hossain M Shawkat , Rahman MZ , Rahman M Rezaur , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Mosihuzzaman M , Nahar Nilufar , Khan SI
Published: August 2007

Twenty three endophytic fungi from leaf, stem and root of 0cimum basilicum (Tulshi) were isolated and purified. One of the fungi (2L-5) isolated from the leaves was fermented in a large scale and extracted with ethyl acetate. The fungal extract was found to be active against two bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. From the ethyl acetate extract two steroids, ergosterol and cerevisterol were isolated. Structures of the compounds were elucidated by high-resolution 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopy.

Key words: Ocimum basilicum, Secondary Metabolites, Endophytic fungi, Ergosterol, Cerevesterol

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

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Study on Redox Behaviour of Dopamine and its Complexes with Cu (II) and Mg (II) ions
Authors: Quayum ME , Mannan RJ , Nahar K
Published: August 2007

The complexations of dopamine with Cu (II) and Mg (II) ions and their redox behaviour have been studied in aqueous solution using electrochemical methods such as, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chrono coulometry (CC). The redox behaviour of Cu (II) and Mg (II) ions in absence and in presence of dopamine has been investigated. Dopamine hydrochloride (DPH) shows a two-electron transfer quasi-reversible charge transfer reaction on platinum electrode and similar redox behaviour was observed in case of Mg (II). A two-step redox process is observed for Cu (II) in aqueous solution. The values of charge transfer rate constants for the ligand DPH and for pure metals Cu (II) and Mg (II) are higher than those of Cu (II)DPH and Mg (II)-DPH system indicating considerable complexation. CC data was analyzed to evaluate the extent of adsorption of the reactants or products on the surface.

Key words: Complexation, Adsorption, Redox behaviour, Charge transfer

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(2) 2005

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Validation and Application of a Modified RP-HPLC Method for the Quantification of Desloratadine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Razib BM Mahbubul Alam , Ullah Md. Ashik , Azad Mohammad Abdul Kalam , Sultana Rebeka , Yasmin Hasina , Hasnat Abul
Published: August 2007

The purpose of the study was to develop a simple, sensitive and rapid RP-HPLC method for the determination of desloratadine in marketed products. Chromatographic determination was performed in a reverse phase C18 column (250 mm × 3.3 mm I.D. , 5?m particle size) using a mixture of acetonitrile ? n-pentane sulphonic acid sodium salt monohydrate, adjusted to pH 3.0± 0.05 with phosphoric acid (60? 40 v/v) as mobile phase and delivered at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The UV detection was set at 254 nm. The calibration range was from 2.0 to 40 ?g/ml. The method was validated in term of linearity (r2>0.98, RSD= 1.958%), precision (RSD=3.757 %) and accuracy (deviation>2.653%, RSD> 2.203%). The limit of quantification was 2 ?g/ml and the limit of detection was 0.1 ?g/ml. The linear ranges of desloratadine were 20.23 ± 0.368 ?g/ml and 6.545 ± 0.0495 ?g/ml in tablet (potency = 99.175 ± 0.718 %) and syrup (potency = 101.15 ± 1.838 %) respectively. The potency of desloratadine in marketed products was determined by this method with acceptable precision and reproducibility.

Keywords: Desloratadine, marketed products, RP-HPLC, development of a method

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006

The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website