bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional inventory for people with TEA
Authors: García J.A. , Raya A.S. , Santos F.R. , Antón L.J.M. , Cabarcos J.L. , Ovejas I.S. , Saénz de Pipaón A.F. , del Arco E.S. ,   PETEA
Published: May 2011

The general objetive of this paper is to better understand emotional expression in people with autism. In the first place, we will focus on the identification of patterns in emotional communication in order to demonstrate that people with autism show emotional communicative intentions but not following the normalized patterns (Alonso, Fernández and Suberviola, 2007). In the second place, we want to correlate patters identified by professionals and families in order to determine if there is a common ground among them. Plutchik (2001) identifies four pairs of Basic emotions -sadness/happiness, acceptance/disgust, fear/anger and anticipation/surprise - plus secondary emotions, resulting from the combinations of the above in different degrees of intensity.

In order to clarify and make known these atypical emotional reactions, we have devised a measurement instrument which will allow us to gather information and work out an answer inventory from people with TEA.

The instrument consists of three different parts:

a) Personal identification. Data gathering on socio economic and cultural status of the family, schooling, and diagnosis of the person with TEA,

b) physiological needs that can provoke emotions (for instance, hunger or thirst) and

c) emotional states (following Plutchik taxonomy), distinguishing verbal and non verbal behaviour and the accompanying facial expressions that are used.

The reliability of the instrument has been assessed by two extensive interjudge tests conducted by a wide number of national and international experts from different professional fields related to TEA: direct attention, advice and support, assessment and diagnosis, and study and research.
Meditation and psychosis
Authors: Gonzalez Vives S. , Garcia-Albea Martin J. , Trebbau H. , López-Ibor Aliño J.J.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

For the last years, there has been a wordlwide increase in the interest of oriental culture, specifically in the practice of meditation. This technic is known to produce cognitive and sensorial perception alterations, with changes in the hormonal and autonomic system. This practice has been associated with different mental disorders such as neurotic manifestations, dissociative and regressive, and even psychotic symptoms.

Objectives

To analyze the influence of an intensive practice of different styles of meditation in the psychopathology found in our patients (Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid). To study the changes produced in the Central Nervous System measured by Electroencephalogram, PET, and functional MRI.

Aims

To define the clinical characteristics, prognois, risk factors and biological changes of an “atypical” psycopathologic case which seems to be more frequent everyday.

Methods

Extensive bibliographic review focused in psychopathology related to different types of meditation, either auto or hetero-induced (exorcism). We analyzed the patients attended in our hospital with psychotic semiology after having practiced intensive types of meditacion (transcendental meditation, buddhist meditation, tai-chi, qi-gong, tiao-shen, etc).

Results

We found serious psychotic and affective symptomatology produced after using these technics. It is important to point out the risk factors and traumatic experiences characteristic of these processes.

Conclusions

There is clinical and epidemiological evidence that a group of psychosis, with different symptomatology and prognosis than schizophrenia and affective disorders, exists. We describe a syndrome of sudden manifestation, with flourished symptoms and serious behavior alterations, etc.
Symptom- diagnostic dilema
Authors: Grahovac T. , Ružić K. , Pavešić Radonja A. , Knez R. , Dadić-Hero E.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Symptom (from Greek symptoma “anything that has befallen one”) is an each new manifestation by which some disorder is expressed. For the physician, it is a guide to diagnosis itself, and for the patient it is a signal which warns of new conditions of the body and soul or of a disorder.

Objectives

Mental disorders are most commonly presented by a group of symptoms, among which the patients often can’t point out the leading one. Anxiety as a symptom can occur in a number of psychiatric entities and it can stimulate differential diagnostic dilemma in daily practice. We will show a 26-year female in which the internal anxiety is the main symptom.

Aim

To underlined the importance of taking in to account a leading symptom of the disease in the way of establishing the correct diagnosis.

Methods

The psychiatric and psychotherapeutic interviews were performed together with a clinical assessment of mental status and structured clinical interviews (SCID I and SCID II), EEG and psychological testing.

Results/conclusion

Internal discomfort is a subjective feeling, respectively a symptom which the patient in this case continuously underlined, and which guided us (along with a comprehensive analysis) to a clear diagnosis. Following the choosing of an effective psycho-pharmacological combination, and with the goal of reducing a leading symptom, according to enlarged diagnostic process, we decided to diagnose the Schizoaffective disorders (F 25.2).
Biophotons, hallucinogens, and fluorescence
Authors: Grass F.
Published: May 2011

Several experiments show that there is a cell to cell communicaton by light in different cell types. The most convincing experiment shows that baby hamster kidney cells can communicate their spatial orientation through a glass film, this can only happen by photon signals. If so, it can be assumed that the cells with the highest differentiation, the neurons also use this mechanism. The nervous system would have excellent conditions for a cell to cell communication by light. Neurons are large, metabolically very active (lightproducing) cells with wide arborisation, contain little pigment and are protected from ambient light by bone and connective tissue. Signal to noise ratio should be high for photon signals. It has been shown that light can be propagated along the axis tracts. Also the hollow microtubules (neurofibrillae) could act as light guiding structures. According to Jibu et al. their inner diameter of 15 nm is ideal for light guidance free of thermal noise and loss. Other findings that may be of importance in this context, are the strong flurescence properties of the major hallucinogens: LSD, bufetonine, dimethyl-tryptamine, psilocybine, psilocin, iboguanin, harmine, cannabidinol and mescaline. Furthermore it has been shown that hallucinogenic properties of these substances have a direct correlation to their fluorescence properties and their readyness to donate electrons. As hypothesis we propose that the fluorescence interacts physically with the proposed Biophoton mediated cell to cell communication thus producing hallucinations. This would be an easy and plausible explanation for the strong hallucinogenic properties of these fluorescent substances.
The evolution in the nosological conception of the ganser syndrom
Authors: Jiménez Gómez B. , Chapela Herrero E. , Navas Tejedor M. , Fernández Rojo S. , Mora Minguez F. , Barbudo del Cura E. , Gutierrez del Álamo J.Q.
Published: May 2011

The Ganser syndrome has been evolving more in terms of the nosological conception than in relation to its clinic characteristics, with the hypothesis of a hysterical etipopathogenesis in conflict with the psychotic etiopathogenesis, the malingering, and the factitious disorders, adding the possibility of predisposing organic damage underneath.

In DSM-III, it was considered as a factitious disorder with psychotic symptoms, and since the DSM-III-R it is included as a Dissociative Disorder NOS.

We show in a table similarities and differences between Ganser Syndrome and factitious and malingering disorders, the disorders most commonly mistaken with Ganser Syndrome.
To assess the extent of psychological impact on IDP's residing in the camps of Shahmansoor, Swabi, Khyber Pukhtun Kha, Pakistan
Authors: Khan A.M. , Taj R.
Published: May 2011

Rationale

The northern area of Pakistan is hosting the terrorist actively involved in terrorism across the country and in neighboring country of Afghanistan. Government with support of international community initiated a war against terrorism which resulted in migration of huge number of population in the effected areas which was accommodated in refugee camps mainly established in Khyber Pukhtun Kha province.

Objective

To assess the extent of psychological impact on IDP's residing in the camps of Shahmansoor

Method

The sample of the study was taken from the Shahmansoor camp, Swabi and was comprised of 200 individuals, including equal number of males and females. Random sampling was used in data collection. The age ranges from 18–80 years and literacy rate was estimated from illiterate people to master's level, Study tools included standardized psychological tests i.e. Pak anxiety and depression scale, and Bradford somatic inventory along with that clinical observation and interviews were also conducted. Findings of the study comprise of both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Results

Majority of the IDP's were diagnosed as having the symptoms of Somatization, along with that depression, PTSD, ASD, anxiety and insomnia also predominates.

Conclusion

Leaving homes and migration to camps is actually a traumatic experience. Many people felt helpless in the current situation and they were hopeless about their future, lost their confidence in proper planning for their future and the flashback of the traumatic experience tortured them. Consequently, refugee residing in camps faced multiple problems which resulted in multiple psychological problems.
Fear of pain and hostility
Authors: Dragkioti E. , Kotrotsiou E. , Damigos D. , Mavreas V. , Gouva M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Fear of pain motivates defence and protection from events that are perceived as threatening. When defence and protection are not efficient, fear may lead to aggressive acts against the perceived source of threat.

Objective

This study tested the link between fear of pain and hostility in adults.

Aim

The aim was to investigate the relationship between fear of pain and hostility.

Method

595 community individuals participated to the present study (164 men - 431 women, mean age 34, SD = 12, ranged 18–75). The measures used were: a) the Fear of Pain Questionnaire - III (FPQ-III), b) the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20) c) the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and d) the Aggression subscale of The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R).

Results

Women predicted significantly more aggression (t = −1.9, p = .05), while for hostility no differences with sex were observed (t = −.2, p = .80). Hostility was significantly correlated with the amount of fear of pain (r = .27, p = .001) and pain anxiety symptoms (r = .23, p = .001). Significantly correlations were also found with aggression and fear of pain (r = .27, p = .001) and pain anxiety symptoms (r = .31, p = .001). Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that, pain anxiety had a significant independent link with hostile attitude (β = .176, p = .001) and fear of pain make independent contributions to predicting aggressive behaviour (β = .090, p = .006).

Conclusion

The need for health professionals to assess hostility and aggression in fear of pain behaviors and apply relevant information to the therapeutic regimen was apparent.
Emotional reagibility and working memory performance - differential effects of emotional interference control in subjects with and without ADHD
Authors: Marx I. , Domes G. , Havenstein C. , Berger C. , Schulze L. , Herpertz S.C.
Published: May 2011

In a number of studies, it has been shown that subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits in executive functioning, i.e. in cognitive functions that subserve planning, monitoring and control of goal-directed behaviour (Martinussen et al., 2005; Willcutt et al., 2005), as well as in emotion regulation (Berlin et al., 2004; Desman et al., 2006). However, no study exists so far examining the interaction between cognition and emotion regulation in subjects with ADHD. In our study, we aimed to examine to what extend arousing emotional picture stimuli may account for differential effects in performance quality in subjects with and without ADHD. Thirty-nine males and females with ADHD aged 18 to 40 years and 40 matched healthy controls performed a working memory n-back task (1-back, 2-back). The task was performed with and without neutral and negative background pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) which varied in arousal (low, medium, high). Irrespective of ADHD diagnosis, all subjects were slower and demonstrated lower performance accuracy in the 2-back condition compared with the 1-back condition, and all subjects deteriorated with increasing picture arousal. In comparison to healthy controls, subjects with ADHD displayed a deficit in working memory performance in terms of prolonged reaction times and decreased performance accuracy. Beyond this, we found that whereas healthy controls did not display performance deficits until they were presented with high-arousal background pictures, subjects with ADHD were already impaired when presented with medium-arousal background pictures. The implications of these and further findings will be discussed.
Alexithymia and affect regulation: A clinimetric study
Authors: Meganck R. , Inslegers R. , Desmet M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The concept of alexithymia refers to difficulties in identifying and verbalizing emotions, an externally oriented thinking style and a paucity of fantasy. Theoretically and clinically we expect typical ways of regulating affect in alexithymic individuals. The few existing studies on this topic mainly rely on self-report methods, which are inherently problematic since affect representation and affect regulation are not conscious processes.

Objectives/aims

This study investigates whether alexithymia is associated with dysfunctional methods of affect regulation using clinical ratings of interviews. We hypothesize that alexithymic individuals will use affect regulation methods that do not reflect psychic mediation (H1) and will be unable to solicit cognitive resources (H2) or social support (H3) when confronted with emotional distress.

Methods

51 psychiatric in-patients were interviewed with

1)

the Clinical Diagnostic Interview which was coded with the Affect Regulation and Experiences Q-sort (ARE-q) and

2)

the Toronto Structured Interview for Alexithymia (TSIA).

Results

In general, alexithymia was positively related to avoidant defenses and negatively to reality focused responses. On item level, we found relationships with for example self-destructive behavior and dissociation (H1), items referring to the inability to use self-talk to cope with distress and the inability to anticipate problems and develop realistic plans for them (H2), and finally a negative relation with ‘responds to potentially distressing situations by talking directly to the people involved.’ (H3).

Conclusions

Alexithymia is associated with typical dysfunctional methods of affect regulation. This should be taken into account in the diagnostic process as well as treatment for alexithymia.
Different types of abuse of children with ADHD by parents
Authors: Moini R.
Published: May 2011

Objectives

It is well studied that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are physically abused by their parent. However, there are few studies on different forms of abuse.

Method

The parents of a clinical sample of 108 children and adolescents with ADHD and 102 mothers of a control group were included in this study. The ADHD diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, using K-SAD. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC) was used to assess the frequency of the three different forms of child abuse by their parents including “Nonviolence discipline”, “parental psychological aggression” and “parental physical aggression”.

Results

The mean scores of “nonviolent discipline”, “parental psychological aggression” and “parental physical aggression” for the parents of children with ADHD were more than those of the control group. “Parental psychological aggression” and “Parental physical aggression” were significantly correlated with each other.

Conclussion

The physical abuse of children with ADHD by their parents is very common. However, Child abuse in children with ADHD occurs in a cluster of different types of abuse irrespective of parental age or education. So, other types of abuse should be considered in the management of children with ADHD.
Effect of (electroconvulsive therapy) on patients hearing under treatment with ECT in Moradi hospital
Authors: Golshiri A. , Aghamohammad Hassani P. , Sayyadi A. , Mokhtari M.
Published: May 2011

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely and effectively used to treat psychiatric disorders. When electrodes are placed on both sides of the head on temporal bones it is unclear whether ECT affect on hearing system because hearing system situated in temporal lobe. Whereas these electrodes are placed on temporal bone and hearing system in TEMPORAL LOBE this study was designed.

Methods

We studied the effects of electroconvulsive shock on hearing system. Audiometric tests were performed in 15 adult patients with major depression under treatment with ECT before and 24h after ECT.

Results

Hearing was decreased at 24 hours after ECT about 5 db. Right ear was affected more and the most changes were observed at 8000 khz.

Conclusions

It appears that electroconvulsive shock has early effects on hearing system. Further studies should be performed with more cases and Delayed effects should be investigated.
Catatonia and its clinical course: Descriptive analysis of 12 consecutive cases in a general hospital psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Rodriguez-Cabo B. , Madrazo A. , Bustamante S. , Gonzalez-Torres M.A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Scientific research regarding Catatonia is limited to individual clinical cases. Few well-design studies investigating its clinical course or therapeutic options have been carried out. We aimed to describe a sample of consecutive Catatonic patients admitted to the Basurto's Hospital Adult Psychiatric Inpatient Unit to obtain more data about its clinical presentation.

Material and methods

Subjects diagnosed of Catatonia anytime during admission were included (n = 12). Subject's admission dates ranged between December 2008 to September 2010. Catatonia was diagnosed following DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data was retrospectively obtained reviewing subject's clinical notes.

Results

The sample was predominantly composed of women (66.7%). Media of age was 55.3 years. All subjects reported previous mental illness. More prevalent diagnosis were Schizophrenia (33.2%), Bipolar Disorder (33.2%), Non Specified Psychotic Disorder (16.6%), Schizoaffective Disorder (8.3%) and Recurrent Depressive Disorder (8.3%). Nine subjects (75%) reported previous admission to a psychiatric unit. No subjects had previously suffered from Catatonia and only 2 had previously received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). More frequent catatonia subtype was retarded (66.7%) with no subjects presenting with malignant catatonia. CGI at admission showed a media of 6.64.

Regarding treatment, 83.3% did not recover with benzodiazepines and needed ECT anytime during admission. Media admission length was 36.17 days.

Conclusions

Catatonia was more frequently observed in female, middle-aged women with no previous history of catatonia or ECT treatment but a history of previous psychotic or affective illness and hospital admissions. Symptom severity was very high and thus required aggressive treatment and longer hospital stays in order to achieve recovery.
Referential thinking and severe mental disorders
Authors: Peris-Mencheta Puch L. , Senín-Calderón M.C. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Valdés-Diaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.D.M. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F.
Published: May 2011

Antecedents

In a previous study (Senín-Calderón et al., 2010) we observed that the REF scale of referential thinking (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) didn’t discriminate among different mental disorders.

Objectives and hypotheses

We try to verify if self-references in various disorders are related to the severity of psychopathology (patients from public hospital and a private clinical). We predict that there will be differences between patients and controls, but not between the clinical samples. Psychotic disorders will be characterized by a significantly greater presence of self-references.

Methods

Participants: 287 subjects, 47 patients from a private clinical center, 57.4% women (mean age = 35.02, SD = 12.69), 30 patients from a public hospital, 53.3% women (38.36 years, SD = 9.53), and 210 controls selected from the general population, 50.5% women (33.80 years, SD = 11.79). Cross-sectional design, correlation method. All analysis were accepted at p < .05.

Results

There are significant differences in self-references between patients and controls in frequency (t (285) = 2.33, p = . 021) and intensity (t (83.98) = 3.59, p = . 001). No significant differences between patients groups (p>.05) (REF-intensity without homogeneity, p < .05). No significant differences in self-references between types of diagnoses except psychotic patients versus adjustment disorder (frequency and intensity).

Conclusions

Self-references are highlighted in psychosis but, with the exception of adjustment disorders, doesn’t discriminate between personality, mood or anxiety disorders. Differences are more related to the clinical severity (BPRS) than with referential thinking.
Sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward and self-consciousness as predictors of the referential thinking
Authors: Senín-Calderón M.C. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Valdés-Diaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.D.M. , Fuentes-Márquez S.
Published: May 2011

Antecedents

In previous works, referential thinking was predicted by clinical and dispositional variables such as social anxiety or vulnerability to depression (Rodríguez-Testal, Senín-Calderón & Fernández-Jiménez, submitted to revision).

Objectives and hypotheses

We propose to find personality variables to characterize the emergence of referential thinking. We predict a greater referential thinking in subjects with a high sensitivity to punishment and higher scores on social anxiety.

Methods

Participants: 366 subjects selected from the general population, 66.6% women, mean age = 33.18 (SD = 12.79).

Materials

We used the REF-scale (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) adapted to Spanish language, GHQ-28 (Goldberg, 1996), SPSRQ (Torrubia et al., 2001) and The Revised Self-Consciousness Scale (Scheier & Carver, 1985).

It was applied a cross-sectional design and a correlation method. All the analysis were accepted at p < .05.

Results

The multiple linear regression analysis showed the importance of the clinical variable of depression, public self-consciousness, and sensitivity to reward and punishment as predictors of referential thinking (34% of the variance explained). The discriminant analysis according to scores in referential thinking was significant (Lambda = .87, p = .001). The combination of the above variables correctly classified 85.1% of cases.

Conclusions

Subjects more concerned about how they are perceived by others tend to a greater presence of self-references, although they don’t show a high score in social anxiety. Susceptibility to reward and high vulnerable to punishment are the personality variables that best predicted referential thinking.
A case of musical hallucinations
Authors: Simões S. , Mesquita J. , Santos B.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Musical hallucinations are a rare subtype of complex auditive hallucinations where we can find a disorder of the processing of complex sounds and the perception is formed by music, instrumental sounds or songs.

Clinical Case

A 75-year-old women, accompanied in otorhinolaryngology consultation in the last two years, was oriented to psychiatry consultation for suspected anxious symptomatology. In the second psychiatric observation, she complained of hearing portuguese popular music since the previous month. She could identify the lyrics and sing the songs heard and allocated the sounds out of her head, although having doubts about their reality. There were no other auditory or visual hallucinations. She refused to take psychopharmacs. She had a previous history that included complains of hyperacusis and tinitus, mainly in the left ear. An electrococleography made in the past showed endolymphatic hidropsis at the left and an audiogram identified presbiacusis. Her cerebral MRI showed a dilatation of the ventricular system. She had mild hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and had been medicated with sinvastatine, carvedilol, omeprazole, triflusal and betahistine dihydrochloride.

Discussion

Musical hallucinations occur mainly in females and in patients over 60 years, although patients whose hallucinations are caused by focal brain lesions are significantly younger. Because most of the patients have a hearing impairment, a similar mechanism to that of Charles-Bonnet syndrome has been proposed.

There is no accepted classification of musical hallucinations - many authors prefer to call them halllucinosis when patients have insight; others think it can represent a mental image. Treatment is not consensual.
Fluid intelligence and executive functioning: Partial overlap in patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Egger J.I.M. , Van Aken L. , Kessels R.P.C. , Wingbermühle E. , Van der Veld W. , Verhoeven W.M.A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

For decades, the fundamental ability known as intelligence, has been interpreted as a unitary concept: g. The distinction between crystallized intelligence (Gc) and fluid intelligence (Gf), introduced by Horn and Catell in 1966, is corroborated by recent neuropsychological research. Since Gf is sensitive to frontal lobe lesions, studies have focussed on its relation with executive functioning (EF). The most widely used intellegence test (WAIS), measures predominantly Gc, even with its subtasks for performal intelligence.

Objectives

The study of the relation between Gf and EF with the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), a test specifially designed for the measurement of the Gf-Gc distinction.

Aims

While WAIS-research on the Gf-EF association may lead to unreliable conclusions, both KAIT and selected CANTAB tasks were used to re-investigated this relationship.

Methods

The relation between Gf, Gc and EF was studied in a latent variable analysis using both a group of patients with an array of psychiatric diagnoses and a group of healthy controls, comprising a total of 66 subjects. For EF, the model of Miyake was used by differentiating EF in the three subprocesses: updating, shifting and inhibition.

Results

A high correlation between Gf and EF was found, indicating significant but incomplete overlap between the Gf and EF constructs.

Conclusions

KAIT constructs adequatly reflect Gf, Gc and the three executive processes as defined by Miyake. Deviant scores on KAIT-Gf, however, do not fully capture the actual executive funtioning of patients. In such cases, detailed examination of EF is warranted.
Somatoparaphrenia in a patient with schizophrenia
Authors: Xavier S. , Ferreira B. , Borja-Santos N. , Trancas B. , Klut C. , Graça J. , Cardoso G.
Published: May 2011

The term somatoparaphrenia was firstly used by Gerstmann to describe a form of asomatognosia in which unawareness of ownership is accompanied by delusional misidentification and/or confabulation. This is a rare phenomenon and the few published case reports showed an association of this psychopathological entity with brain-damage. We present a patient with schizophrenia who believed his right arm and right foot were not his own. According to his delusion of foreign ownership, his foot didn’t belong to him because it was a “big foot only suited for work” and his right arm belonged to Maria, a woman from his neighbourhood. Remarkably, no organic causes were found to exist. To our knowledge, this is one of the rare cases of schizophrenia in which somatoparaphrenia can be identified. We further elaborate on the phenomenology of this particular patient.
Coping with delusion in schizophrenia and psychotic depression
Authors: Zanghellini Rückl S.C. , Senger N.C. , Büche L. , von Bock A. , Barthel A. , Vedder H. , Bürgy M. , Kronmüller K.T.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Coping plays an important role in processes involved in the development of mental disorders, influencing decompensation and recovery from patients. Coping is defined as an active self-generation of cognitive and behavioural procedures, which impact directly on the symptom or reduce distress caused by it. How patients cope with delusions lack empirical evidence. Although, in the last years, delusion has been considered a multidimensional phenomenon where emotional, cognitive and action-oriented aspects were recognized, the impact of delusional dimensions on coping is still unknown.

Objectives

To assess coping strategies used by patients with schizophrenia and psychotic depression to deal with delusion. The relationships between coping, psychopathology and the dimensions of delusional experience will be examined.

Methods

Thirty deluded schizophrenics and 30 psychotic depressed patients were investigated. Instruments to the assessment of delusion were used, as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Heidelberger Delusion Profile (HDP).

Correlations between psychopathology, coping and delusion dimensions were calculated.

Results

Coping strategies used to deal with delusion were different in the 2 groups of patients. Schizophrenic patients use more medical care, while psychotic depressed patients use more depressive coping. Significant correlations between psychopathology, coping and delusion dimensions could be shown. In contrast to depressive patients, the emotional and cognitive dimensions of delusion seem to influence coping in patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusions

Coping strategies are different depending on the diagnosis. In schizophrenia, the emotional and the cognitive dimensions seem to influence how patients cope with delusional experience.
Delusion and hallucinations - an empirical correlation analysis
Authors: Zanghellini Rückl S.C. , Senft A. , Senger N.C. , Bücher L. , Backenstraß M. , Kronmüller K.T.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Delusion and hallucinations occur in a variety of psychiatric disorders. In the last years they have been considered multidimensional phenomena, since emotional, cognitive and action-oriented aspects were recognized. According to the cognitive model of the development of positive symptoms, emotional processes play an important role for the relationship between delusion and hallucinations. Although delusion and hallucinations often coexist, there are few empirical studies, which explore this relationship.

Objectives

Aim of the study is to elucidate the relationship between delusion and hallucinations taking into consideration their multidimensionality.

Methods

Eighty-two patients with delusion and hallucinations with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were examined. Several instruments to the exploration of delusion and hallucinations were used as the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS), MacArthur-Maudsley Delusions Asessment Scchedule (MMDAS), Dimensions of Delusional Experience (DDE), Positive and Negative Syndrom Scale (PANSS), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), Clinical Delusion Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Heidelberger Delusion Profile (HDP). The correlations between formal hallucination and delusion criteria, as well as formal hallucination criteria and delusion content were calculated. The causal relationship between delusion and hallucinations was tested through a structural equation modelling.

Results

Correlations between delusion and hallucinations dimensions could be found, at item, subscale and scale levels. Emotional and cognitive delusion dimensions correlated significantly with hallucinations magnitude. The delusion content showed a significant influence on the occurrence and emotional dimension of hallucinations. Delusion secondary to hallucinations could only be partially confirmed.

Conclusions

The results confirm the complex structure of the relationship between delusion and hallucinations.
Creutzfeldt-jacob disease with psychiatric presentation (CJD) : A case report
Authors: Zeppegno P. , Cantello R. , Lombardi A. , Feggi A. , Torre E.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

CJD is a neurodegenerative disease with a rapid onset characterized by progressive dementia, myoclonus and also cerebellar, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. It is caused by an increased loss of neurons due to the abnormal conformation of a membrane protein.

Case report

A 69 year-old woman was admitted to Psychiatry with a clinical picture characterized by psychomotor agitation, disorientation, confusion, confabulation, false ricognition, circumstantiality, perseveration, logorrhea and dysphoria. She presented no alterations of sense-perception. Her psychiatric history was silent. The neurological examination showed no focal neurological deficits and the first EEG was nonspecific. She became progressively more confused, with subsequent drowsiness with psychomotor agitation, aimless buste, disorganization and visual hallucinations. She started treatment with quetiapine (200 mg/die) and lorazepam (4 mg/die) without benefit. The second EEG was characterized by triphasic waves with diffuse projection. MRI angiography revealed the presence of diffuse cortical ribbon hyperintensity of gray matter. CSF examination showed positivity of 14/3/3 protein and a TAU protein value greater than 16000 pq/ml allowing diagnosis of CJD.

Conclusions

We emphasize the importance of a correct differential diagnosis in patients with psychiatric symptoms and rapidly progressive dementia unresponsive to therapy.
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms induced by atypical anti-psychotics
Authors: Afkhamebrahimi A.
Published: May 2011

Objective

The impact of typical and atypical anti-psychotics on developing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patients were investigated in this study.

Materials and methods

64 schizophrenic patients (32 cases in typical anti-psychotics group and 32 in atypical anti-psychotics group) participated in the study. All the patients first interviewed by SCID and then Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Brief psychiatric Rating Scale were administered in the beginning, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment. The Data then transferred to SPSS program. for analysis.

Results

In typical group the mean scores of Y-BOCS were 2.40, 2.30 and 2.18 in the beginning, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment. In atypical group the mean scores of Y-BOCS were 4.12, 4.46 and 4.53 in three trials. There were no significant differences in the mean scores of Y-BOCS of two group in the beginning of the trial although a trend toward significance was observed but the differences between scores were significant in trial 2 (3 weeks) and trial 3 (6 weeks).

Discussion

Based on this study and in line with previous studies, atypical anti-psychotics may induce obsessive compulsive symptoms (although mild) in patients with schizophrenia.
Antipsychotic and anticholinergic drug prescribing pattern in psychiatry:Implications for evidence - based practice
Authors: Al Khaja K.A.J. , Sequeira R.P. , Al-Haddad M.K. , Al-Offi A.R.
Published: May 2011

Objectives

To determine the antipsychotic prescribing pattern and the prevalence of concurrent anticholinergic prescribing for patients with psychotic disorders.

Methods

A retrospective audit of prescriptions issued for outpatients at the Psychiatric Hospital in Bahrain.

Results

Antipsychotic monotherapy was prescribed for 89.2% patients, whereas polytherapy with two- and three- drugs in 10.4 and 0.4%, respectively. Atypical antipsychotics were prescribed more often (67.7%) than typical antipsychotics. Risperidone and haloperidol were the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics. Majority of the study population (93.2%) were prescribed an oral antipsychotic, whereas 3.1% each were on depot preparation or on depot plus an oral antipsychotic. Long-acting risperidone injection was the only depot preparation prescribed. The mean antipsychotic dose expressed as chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq; mg/day) was 242 (220 for monotherapy and 414 for polytherapy). The prevalence of high dose antipsychotic (mean CPZeq>1000 mg/day) was 1.8%, prescribed at a mean CPZeq dose of 1531 (1925 for monotherapy and 1137 for polytherapy) mainly attributed to haloperidol. Anticholinergics were co-prescribed for almost two third of patients receiving antipsychotics, particularly for those on polytherapy (monotherapy 57.3%; polytherapy 87.5%). Antipsychotic polytherapy, high dose of antipsychotics and co-prescription of an oral with a depot antipsychotic preparation were strongly associated with concurrent prescription of anticholinergics. Procyclidine and orphenadrine were the most often prescribed anticholinergics.

Conclusion

Antipsychotic monotherapy is the common practice for outpatients with psychotic disorders. Some of the antipsychotic polytherapies, dosage strategies, and high prevalence of anticholinergic use are therapeutic issues that need to be addressed to foster evidence-based prescribing practice.
Risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) administration in deltoid muscle…. really is an improvement?
Authors: Arques S. , Arnau F. , Rubio T. , Pino A. , Iranzo C.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

In the treatment of psychotic disorders, any such instrument or way that could help to improve their prognosis should be valued and taken into account.

Objectives

To determine the impact of the administration of RLAI in the deltoid, assessing patient satisfaction and acceptance, as well as efficacy and tolerability.

Material and methods

Prospective, naturalistic and descriptive, 20 patients with chronic psychosis treated with RLAI, performing a change in administration (gluteal to deltoid muscle).

We realize 2 valuations:

1

Basal: demographic, clinical (PANSS, CGI, UKU, dose and duration RLAI).

2

Final (6 months): clinical, patient satisfaction (Questionnaire Medication Treatment Satisfaction, Visual Analogue Scale VAS).

Analysis SPSS v15.0.

Results

In subscales TSQM, punctuations very raised for deltoid: Efficiency 75, 55 %; adverse events 94, 38 %; Administration 75, 27 %; Global satisfaction 74, 64%. The VAS of satisfaction with deltoid was of 7′ 4 ± 1′ 3 (0–10).

Opinion patients

less pain, adverse events and more normal (100%), more capacity decision (80%), less stigmatizing (85%).

No differences in efficacy, but better tolerated.

Conclusions

The administration of the deltoid RLAI in can be a useful tool for the treatment of psychotic disorders because it can allow the patient to engage in certain therapeutic decisions (to be able to choose the way), promote adherence, may improve the perception of treatment to be associated deltoid administration to something less traumatic and stigmatizing, that is “more normal.”
Paliperidone er in an acute patient unit: A clinical profile
Authors: Arques S. , Pino M.A. , Arnau F. , Rubio T. , Iranzo C.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The emergence of new antipsychotics, such as Paliperidone Extended Release, demands a constant effort on behalf of the clinics to outline an appropriate profile for those patients who may benefit more.

Objective

To collect clinical and social-demographic data to develop a profile of the patient who has used Paliperidone Extended Release in our hospitalisation unit.

Method

This is a naturalistic, descriptive and retrospective study; we will include 36 patients admitted to our Acute Patients Unit. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were clinical.

Results

A total of 44.4% were over the age of 40 years; positive symptoms (52.8%) and behavioural alterations (19.4%) prevailed; the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (47.2%). A total of 61.1% of cases were associated with other APs, especially Injectable Risperidone Extended Release or antipsychotics with a sedation profile. A total of 83.3% did not require mechanical restraint, and 80.6% did not present side effects. The most common side effects were extrapyramidal symptoms. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 19.60 ± 12.07 days. The mean dose of Paliperidone Extended Release was 14.41 ± 4.83 mg/day. Initially, a dose of 13 ± 4.42 mg/day was used, while the maximum dose was 27 mg/day.

Conclusions

Our experience with Paliperidone Extended Release in the hospital scope allows us to state that it is a drug with a very positive efficacy and safety-tolerability profile. Therefore, we may consider Paliperidone Extended Release a first line antipsychotic due to its contributions in different patient elements (clinical, functionality, tolerability, etc.)
A 39-year-old man with a generalized rash with bupropion XL administration
Authors: Ates M.A. , Cetin M. , Ebrinc S. , Basoglu C. , Algul A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

An once-daily formulation, bupropion XL, was developed with the goal of further improving tolerability and compliance (1). Common adverse effects contain dry mouth, nausea, constipation, headache, agitation and skin rash (2).

Objective

A case of skin rash caused by bupropion XL used for depression is discussed.

Results

A 39-year-old man with depression developed a rash on his extremities 13 days after the initiation of bupropion XL followed by pruritus of the arms, feet, and face.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of skin rash and urticaria induced by bupropion XL therapy. The most common cutaneous side-effect is urticaria and rash by bupropion XL. This develops from between 8 and 21 days after taking the medicine (3). In our case dermatological side effects developed on 13 days. On discontinuation of bupropion XL, there was whole resolution of symptom. We report this case to notify clinicians of the potential dermatological side effects that can occur with extended release bupropion therapy.
A case clozapine induced palilalia
Authors: Lopes R. , Azevedo J. , Curral R. , Esteves M. , Coelho R.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Palilalia is an acquired speech disorder characterized by involuntary and spontaneous repetition of words or phrases two or more time in a row. Palilalia can occur in a variety of disorders including postencephalic parkinsonism, advanced Parkinson disease, as well as in schizophrenia, and in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. There is one report of palilalia induced by neuroleptics.

Aims

To review the literature related to palilalia. Clinical case: We described a case of a 28 years-old man with refractory schizophrenia that demonstrated palilalia with 300 mg of clozapine.

Discussion

In the patient evaluation we just found unspecific alterations in the electroencephalogram. Palilalia disappeared with lowering doses of clozapine.

Conclusion

Palilalia can have several causes. The appearance of palilalia induced by clozapine is a rare side effect.
Treatment of cycloserine induced psychosis - a case series
Authors: Bangar S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Cycloserine is a highly effective second line anti-tuberculosis medication, the use of which has increased in recent times due to emergence of multi-drug resistance. One of the side-effects is psychosis characterized by paranoia, hallucinations and affective instability. These symptoms are usually reported within the first 2 weeks of therapy in 30–50% of patients receiving Cycloserine 500 mg. At a dose of 100mg and above it leads to a hyperdopaminergic state which in turn could lead to psychosis. However, as this is a very effective treatment in people with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, it is not always possible to omit treatment due to remergence of life threatening illness. We present findings from few patients on this medication who were referred to us for management of psychotic symptoms.

Aims and objectives

To treat the psychotic symptoms with anti-psychotic which would enable patient to continue Cycloserine. Also to monitor the response to an anti-psychotic.

Methods

Data was collected from the patient’s case notes, full psychiatric assessment and interviewing the relative. Patient was followed up in the out-patient clinic to monitor response to anti-psychotic medication.

Results

Patients were treated with both typical and atypical medication with good response and it was possible to continue with Cycloserine in one case.

Conclusion

Cycloserine induced psychosis can mimic any other psychotic illness and can be effectively treated with anti-psychotics.
Clozapine in the treatment of patients with autsim spectrum disorder and severe disruptive behaviours
Authors: Béhérec L. , Lambrey S. , Quilici G. , Rosier A. , Falissard B. , Guillin O.
Published: May 2011

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious childhood-onset disorder that affects all areas of development and is associated with disruptive symptoms including aggression and self injury. In ASD, risperidone and aripiprazole are the only second generation antipsychotic drugs (SGA) that have shown to decrease disruptive behaviours in controlled double-blind studies. However, some patients are not improved by these drugs. Clozapine, a SGA known to be effective to treat aggressiveness in schizophrenia, has received little attention in ASD. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the changes in disruptive for all patients with ASD who were treated with clozapine from 2002 to 2010. Disruptive behaviours were monitored during the 4 to 6 months before and after the initiation of clozapine, and long term tolerance (10 months to 7 years) was also assessed. The relationship between disruptive behaviours and periods of treatment was studied with a generalized linear marginal model. Clozapine resulted in a significant 2 fold decrease in the number of the days with aggression, a decrease of the number of psychotropic drugs and the dose of the antipsychotic drugs. The long term tolerance (white blood cell count, extrapyramidal effects) was good with the exception for a significant weight gain (of 22.3% +/- 18,2%), the occurence of metabolic syndrome in one patient and tachycardia in another patient.

These results suggest that clozapine should be considered for the management of disruptive behaviours in patients with ASD not improved by first line antipsychotic drugs.