bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanodots: Preparation, Properties, Application (A Review)
Authors: Karpushkin E. A. , Kharochkina E. S. , Lopatina L. I. , Sergeev V. G.
Published: July 2024

Carbon nanodots are a special class of nanoparticles with a size of 1 nm, consisting mainly of carbon and having pronounced fluorescent properties. They have been discovered 20 years ago, and since then have found numerous applications as fluorescent sensors, photocatalysts, fluorescent inks, etc., which has led to the rapid development of methods for their production and study. This review summarizes modern ideas about the synthesis, isolation, optical properties and application of carbon nanodots. The main directions for further research in this area are formulated.
On craniological markers of western migrations to Eastern Europe in the bronze age (the case of the Abashevo culture)
Authors: Kazarnitsky Alexey A.
Published: July 2024

Craniological materials from the Abashevo culture are rare. A selection of skulls from the Pepkino mound in Chuvashia has long been known. Relatively recently, craniometric data of Abashevo culture bearers from the territory between the Volga and the Urals have been published. These are all the samples available today, with the exception of a few individual skulls from other sites. The origin of the Abashevo culture based on archaeological data is ambiguous: it may go back to the preceding Fatyanovo culture of the Upper Volga region or to some local groups of the Pit Grave (Yamnaya) culture, or else it may be the result of western migrations. The article deals with the question which of the archaeological hypotheses does not contradict the patterns of craniological variability of the European population of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages. The author employs craniometric data on a large number of European groups to search for the influence of migrations on the composition of the Abashevo population and other Bronze Age populations of Eastern Europe. It is argued that there are similarities between the series of skulls from the Fatyanovo sites and the eastern local groups of the Corded Ware culture. At the same time, there are no Western features in the craniometric characteristics of the two Abashevo series. The closest analogies of the latter can be observed among the population of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eastern Europe of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages.
Circular settlements of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia from the Neolithic to the early iron age
Authors: Borzunov Viktor A.
Published: July 2024

Circular in plan fortified settlements, or ring settlements, were an ideal type of lowland fortifications. One of their prototypes is unfortified settlements with a closed layout of dwellings in a circle and an oval. In the north of Eurasia, ring fortifications emerged in the Neolithic (6th–4th millennia BC), in the fisher-hunter-gatherers’ communities in the taiga area of the Ob’ River Basin and the mountain-forest Trans-Urals, during the mass settlement of these territories in the context of global warming. In the Bronze Age (late 3rd – early 1st millennium BC), such fortified settlements, as well as promontory and riverside fortified settlements, disappeared in the taiga giving way to large earth-timber fortified dwellings. At the beginning of the Bronze Age, during the next xerotherm, in the steppes of the Trans-Urals, pastoralists who migrated from South-Eastern Europe erected circular fortresses (the Sintashta culture of the 21st–18th centuries BC). Probably, the construction of circular in plan unfortified settlements of the Tashkovo culture in the forests of the Lower Tobol region in the 21st/20th – 16th centuries BC was influenced by the steppe defensive architecture. The earliest taiga fortified settlements were developing independently of the forest-steppe and steppe settlements. The former and the latter alike were economic, industrial, social and, possibly, cult centres of communities. A new mass distribution of ring settlements in the forest-steppe area of the Tobol-Irtysh region, and later in the taiga area of the Surgut and Lower Ob’ River region, took place at the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (8th/7th centuries BC – 3rd/4th centuries AD). In the 6th/5th centuries BC – 3rd/4th centuries AD, the defensive systems of some West Siberian fortifications were supplemented with bastion-tower elements borrowed from the Saka people of the Aral Sea region.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ МОНІТОРИНГУ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ МЕТОДІВ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОГО ЗОРУ
Authors: ПРАЧИК Віктор , ЛЯШЕНКО Олена
Published: July 2024

В роботі наведено результати розроблення ІТ моніторингу НС природного характеру. Описано види моніторингових досліджень, які виконуються в межах ІТ з метою запобігання (зниження ризику виникнення), а також зменшення матеріальних втрат від НС (пом'якшення наслідків), зокрема моніторинг стану небезпечних природних явищ та процесів, моніторинг джерел НС, моніторинг довкілля (екологічний моніторинг), моніторинг пожеж у геосистемах природного характеру. Описано режими проведення моніторингових досліджень: до виникнення НС у режимі повсякденного функціонування, у момент загрози виникнення НС  у режимі підвищеної готовності,  після виникнення НС  у режимі НС.
Описано інформаційні процеси в межах ІТ моніторингу НС. ІТ складається із взаємопов'язаних інформаційних процесів - комплексу процедур збору та реєстрації супутникової інформації, підготовки інформаційних масивів, обробки, накопичення і зберігання даних, передачі даних від джерел виникнення до місця обробки, а результатів - до споживачів інформації для прийняття управлінських рішень. Визначено ролі користувачів ІТ моніторингу НС: Керівник робіт з ліквідації наслідків НС, Керівник ОРС ЦЗ, Командир відділення ОРС ЦЗ, Начальник пожежно-рятувального підрозділу та його заступники. Призначення ролей користувачів дозволяє контролювати дії, які кожен користувач може виконувати в межах ІТ моніторингу НС, оптимізуючи робочий процес. Побудовано діаграму використання для ролі «Командир аварійно-рятувального відділення ОРС ЦЗ». Розроблено БД ІТ моніторингу НС за допомогою  MySQL Workbench - графічного інструменту для роботи з серверами та базами даних MySQL. Побудовано структурно-логічну схему БД. Оперативне розв’язання завдань моніторингу НС в геосистемах природного характеру (лісових пожеж) здійснюється за матеріалами мультиспектральних космічних зйомок, отриманих із супутника Landsat 8.  Landsat 8 отримує дані, використовуючи два різних сенсори - Operational Land Imager (OLI) та Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), які збирають дані в дев'яти короткохвильових діапазонах та двох довгохвильових теплових діапазонах.
Для виявлення контуру лісової пожежі було застосовано метод сегментації шляхом виділення кордонів об'єктів. Наведено приклади  сегментації лісових пожеж.
Jealousy between Partners Social Networks: A Cause of Infidelity in Couples
Authors: Simion Florenta L.
Published: July 2024

Jealousy is a universal notion, quite often found in the discussions of people who will make their presence felt both in the case of adults and children. In this study I will consider the sociological analysis of adult jealousy, through a quantitative research based on a questionnaire.
I chose this research topic in order to find out how jealousy (as the main aspect), but also stalking and conflicts in the couple (secondary aspect) highlight infidelity between partners, as well as the separation between them. Given that the Internet is present in the main daily, professional and social activities, I consider it interesting to find out how the Internet can contribute, as a communication tool.
Analisis Ketahanan Pangan pada Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Sawah di Nagari IV Koto Mudiek Kecamatan Batang Kapas Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Noli Susanti  , Gusriati  , Herda Gusvita
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of energy and protein consumption in lowland rice farmer households in Regency and to determine food security in lowland rice farmer households in Nagari IV Koto Mudiek, Batang Kapas District, Pesisir Selatan Regency. viewed from the aspect of energy consumption and share of food expenditure. This research was carried out for one month, namely in June 2021. The location of the research was determined purposively, the data used were primary data and secondary data. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method using research questionnaires. The results showed that the household energy consumption of lowland rice farmers in Nagari IV Koto Mudiek, Batang Kapas District, Pesisir Selatan Regency was 1969.84 kcal/capita/day or with an energy consumption level of 89.54%. Meanwhile, for household protein consumption of lowland rice farmers in Nagari IV Koto Mudiek, Batang Kapas District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, it is 58 grams/capita/day or with a protein consumption level of 100%. Household food security of lowland rice farmers in Nagari IV Koto Mudiek, Batang Kapas Kapas District, Pesisir Selatan Regency is as follows. (a) Food insecurity of 31 households (52.54%) (b) Food insecurity of 14 households (23.72%) (c) Lack of food in 4 households (6.77%) (d) Food insecurity as many as 10 households (16.95%).
Analisis Usaha Sayur Hidroponik di Kota Pekanbaru (Studi Kasus Green Farm Saudara Pekanbaru)
Authors: Zuprima Genta Sakti  , Amnilis  , Herda Gusvita
Published: July 2024

The aims of this study were: (1) To describe the business profile of your Green Farm vegetables in Pekanbaru City, (2) To analyze the income and profits of your hydroponic vegetables in Pekanbaru City. This research uses a descriptive case study approach (Case Study). Determination of respondents is done intentionally (purposive). Respondents in this study were business owners (owners) and workers (employees). Methods of data collection using literature study, observation, study documentation and interviews using questionnaires. The results showed that (1) Green Farm Saudara hydroponic business in Pekanbaru City is a relatively new business in Pekanbaru City. In general, this hydroponic vegetable business license does not yet exist and has not been recorded at the Riau Provincial Agriculture Office. Production techniques include seeding, seeding using rock wool, planting, harvesting and post-harvesting. Marketing is done directly. This business uses a workforce of 1 person. Management aspects have been fulfilled, both in planning, organizing, implementing and supervising. While the financial aspects still need to be considered again systematically. (2) The income is Rp 5,510,500 /planting season and the average profit earned every 1 planting season is Rp. 2,592,729.3.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair (Daun Lamtoro + Batang Pisang) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Warisa Neni Loka , Syamsuwirman  , Bustari Badal
Published: July 2024

Research on the effect of giving POC (lamtoro leaves + banana stem) on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has been carried out in Korong Gadang Village, Kuranji District, Padang, February - May 2021. The aim of the study was to obtain the best POC concentration for growth and cucumber yields. The design used was a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 5 groups so that there were 25 experimental units, the experimental unit was a plot with a size of 200 x 210 cm, a spacing of 70 x 50 cm so that in each experimental unit there were 15 plants, 5 of which were used as sample plants for observation. . The treatments given were various concentrations of POC, namely: A = No POC 0 ml/l water, B = POC 50 ml/l water, C = POC 100 ml/l water, D = POC 150 ml/l water, E = POC 200 ml/l water. The data obtained were analyzed statistically with the F test, if the F-count > F-table then continued with the DNMRT test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the administration of POC showed significantly different effects on the number of segments, the number of fruit planted, the number for plots, the weight of the fruit in the plantation, and the weight of the fruit in the plots; significantly different to the number of female flowers and harvest age; and not significantly different for plant length, fruit diameter and fruit length. The treatment that showed the best effect was 100 ml/l water. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to use a POC dose of 100 ml/l of water for cucumber plants.
Aplikasi Kombinasi Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair (Poc) Batang Pisang dan NPK 16:16:16 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)
Authors: Dewirman Prima Putra  , Bustari Badal  , Zairi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian tentang Aplikasi kombinasi konsentrasi POC Batang Pisang dan NPK 16:16:16 terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) telah dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Koto Panjang Ikur Koto, Kecamatan Koto Tangah, Kota Padang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, mulai dari bulan Februari sampai Juni 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi konsentrasi POC Batang Pisang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 25 unit percobaan terdiri 4 bibit dan semua dijadikan sebagai tanaman sampel, total jumlah terdapat 100 tanaman. Adapun perlakuan yang diberikan:  A POC Batang Pisang 0% dan NPK 100% (12 gr), B POC Batang Pisang 20% dan NPK 75% (9 gr), C POC Batang Pisang 40% dan NPK 50% (6 gr), D POC Batang Pisang 60% dan NPK 25% (3 gr), E POC Batang Pisang 80% dan NPK 0% (0 gr). Hasil percobaan dapat disimpulkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi POC Batang pisang dan NPK 16:16:16 terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gaharu memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata pada seluruh variabel pengamatan, Perlakuan B (POC 20% ml/L air + NPK 75% (9 gr) memiliki unsur hara seimbang dengan NPK 100% untuk pertumbuhan gaharu. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan disarankan untuk memberikan naungan dan adaptasi terlebuh dahulu sebelum pindah tanam serta lama penelitiannya diperpanjang.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk NPK 16:16:16 Yaramila Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Pada Fase Main-Nursery
Authors: Syamsuwirman  , Meriati  , Hasbi Kaumi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan Di Padang Kubang Jorong Batuhampa Nagari Manggopoh Kecamatan Lubuk Basung dengan ketinggian tempat 102 m dpl. Pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai Maret 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk NPK 16:16:16 Yaramila Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Pada Fase Main-Nursery. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah Pupuk NPK Yaramila yaitu : 0 g (tanpa perlakuan), 2.5 g, 5 g, 7.5 g dan 10 g. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (UJI F), apabila F-hitung lebih besar dari F-tabel, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji DNMRT pada taraf 5%. Variabel yang diamati adalah pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan diameter bonggol, pertambahan pelepah daun, bobot segar brangkasan, bobot kering brangkasan, bobot segar akar dan bobot kering akar. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian berbagai perlakuan pupuk NPK 16 : 16 : 16 Yaramila memperlihatkan pengaruh sangat berbeda nyata pada variabel pengamatan pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan diameter bonggol, bobot segar brangkasan, bobot kering brangkasan dan bobot kering akar. Tidak berbeda nyata pertambahan pelepah daun dan bobot segar akar. Pemberian 7.5 gr pupuk NPK memperlihatkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit terbaik jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.
Pengaruh Pemberian Dosis POC Urine Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasiltanaman Pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.)
Authors: Wibawa Mukti Denny , Yonny Arita Taher  , Dewirman Prima Putra
Published: July 2024

Research on "The Effect of Goat Urine Dosing on Growth and Yield of Pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.)" has been carried out in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ekasakti University, Padang, which began in July 2019 until September 2019. The aim was to find out and obtain doses The best POC of goat urine on growth and yield of pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.) plants. This study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications, all consisting of 24 treatment plots with 5 plants in each plot. The treatment is A = without POC, B = 30 mℓ POC / liter of water per plant, C = 60 mℓ POC / liter of water per plant, D = 90 mℓ POC / liter of water per plant , E = 120 mℓ POC / liter of water per plant, F = 150 mℓ POC / liter of water per plant. By giving 4x the plant-1 (100 mℓ, 200 mℓ, 300 mℓ and 400 mℓ). The parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, longest leaf length, widest leaf width, and wet weight per plant. Data were analyzed statistically by the F test, if F count > F table 5%, then further testing with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% significance level. The best yield for growth and yield of pakchoy plants is a dose of 90 mℓ / ℓ water plant-1. Based on the results it can be recommended for the administration of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer to plants of pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L.) at a dose of 90 mℓ / ℓ water per plant.
Analisis Pangsa Pengeluaran Pangan Rumah Tangga Miskin Petani Kelapa Sawit Di Kecamatan Sinunukan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal
Authors: Amnilis  , Gusriati  , Septia Mariani
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the share of food expenditure of poor households and to analyze the effect of income, education of the head of the family, number of household members, length of household, amount of subsidized Raskin, non-food expenditure on the share of food expenditure of poor households in Sinunukan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. This research was conducted from September 10 to October 10, 2021. The location of the research was determined purposively with a total sample of 79 people. The data used are primary and secondary data. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method using multiple linear regression analysis. Research results: 1. The share of food expenditure for poor households in Sinunukan District is 63% (food insecure households), : 2. The variables that partially have a significant effect on the share of food expenditure of poor households of oil palm farmers, Sinunukan Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal Regency, are income and non-food expenditure variables. Meanwhile, together (simultaneously) are household income variables, head of household education, number of family members, length of household, number of poor people received and non-food expenditure with sig 0.000 < 0.05, the value of the coefficient of determination is 0.883.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Kertas (Bougenvillea glabra)
Authors: Shoviantari Fenita , Macado Rachelda Bella Alycia , Ramadhani Ratih Nur
Published: July 2024

Bunga kertas (Bougainvillea glabra) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat karena di dalamnya mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tannin, saponin, dan protein. Kandungan fitokimia tersebut membuat bunga telang memiliki beberapa aktivitas farmakologis salah satunya adalah sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Bunga kertas dapat diformulasikan menjadi bentuk sediaan gel yang merupakan sediaan semi padat yang memiliki daya sebar yang baik, sejuk dikulit, tidak menyumbat pori dan mudah dicuci dengan air, serta memiliki pelepasan bahan aktif yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu fisik serta aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan dari gel ekstrak etanol bunga kertas (EEBK). EEBK diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel pada konsentrasi 20%(F1), 30%(F2), dan 40%(F3). Evaluasi sediaan yang dilakukan meliputi uji mutu fisik, uji aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH), dan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (metode disc diffusion). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi mempengaruhi daya sebar dan daya lekat sediaan. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri didapatkan nilai IC50 dan daya hambat sebesar F1 74,263 ppm dan 17,67 mm; F2 62,448 ppm dan 19,83 mm; serta F3 53,386 ppm dan 21,5 mm. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi EEBK mempengaruhi daya sebar dan daya lekat serta gel esktrak bunga kertas memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri yang kuat.
Analisis Kualitatif Bahan Kimia Obat dalam Jamu Pegal Linu di Wilayah Gunung Kidul dan Grobogan
Authors: Ramadhani Diva Laila , Haresmita Perdana Priya , Rahmania Tesia Aisyah
Published: July 2024

Jamu pegal linu merupakan jamu yang paling populer di masyarakat. Akan tetapi, masih banyak bahan kimia obat yang ditemukan dalam jamu pegal linu. Oleh karena itu, peneliti akan melakukan analisis kualitatif sampel jamu pegal linu dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah produk yang mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO) dengan standar pembanding parasetamol, prednison, dan ibuprofen. Sampel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 merupakan sampel jamu pegal linu yang diperoleh dari toko jamu di wilayah Gunung Kidul dan Grobogan. Analisis kualitatif BKO dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menggunakan fase diam silika gel 60 GF254, fase gerak kloroform:etanol (9:1), etil asetat:kloroform (4:1), kloroform:etanol (4,5:0,5) dan dideteksi sinar UV 254 nm. Berdasarkan uji organoleptis diperoleh data yang bervariasi. Setiap sampel jamu memiliki bau, rasa, warna, bentuk, dan sediaan yang beragam. Berdasarkan uji KLT sampel 1 mengandung bahan kimia obat yaitu parasetamol dan ibuprofen. Sampel 2, 3, 4, dan 5 mengandung bahan kimia obat prednisone. Sampel 6 mengandung bahan kimia obat parasetamol.
Sistem Pembinaan Atlet Angkat Besi Papua pada PON XX Tahun 2021
Authors: Aristawati Virga , Muhammad Junalia , Wandik Yos , Asri Astini , Sari Kardi Ipa , CS Ansar
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Sistem Pembinaan Atlet Angkat Besi Papua pada PON XX Tahun 2021. Sasaran penelitian yaitu pengurus, pelatih dan atlet. Teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: 1) Sistem Pembinaan Atlet Angkat Besi Papua Menuju PON XX Tahun 2021 dalam pembinaan olahraga Angkat besi Papua termasuk dalam kriteria baik. Dilihat dari perencanaan program latihan yang jelas, serta evaluasi pelaksanaan program latihan; 2) Kualitas pelatih angkat besi memiliki sertifikasi pelatih; 3) Organisasi kepengurusan PABSI Papua kriteria baik meliputi perhatian pengurus kepada atlet dan manajemen kepengurusan PABSI; 4) Kualitas atlet yang di bina dalam kriteria baik, dilihat dari semangat berlatih dan usaha atlet dalam mencapai prestasi yang optimal; 5) Sarana dan prasarana PABSI Papua menurut atlet dan pelatih termasuk dalam kriteria baik dilihat dari kelengkapan dan kualitas sarana dan prasarana; 6) Dana yang dimiliki PABSI Papua untuk pelaksanaan pembinaan prestasi olahraga Angkat Besi termasuk dalam kriteria baik dilihat dari sumber pendanaan dan cara mengalokasi dana untuk proses pembinaan.
SCADA Monitoring Design Using Multiple Siemens PLCs Based on a LAN Network
Authors: Wahidah Wahidah , Insan Asyraful , Rasul Muhammad
Published: July 2024

In the DCS SCADA practicum in the PLC laboratory at ATI Makassar Polytechnic there were connection problems between the PLC and PC, these problems could vary, including damaged cables, loose connectors, or interference with the communication port on the PC or PLC. This research aims to design and create a SCADA monitoring system using multiple PLCs based on a LAN network. In this research, 3 display modules were created that detect connection problems on 3 PLCs. Each module focuses on 1 PLC with a different IP and when there is a problem with the PLC A, B, & C connection, the LED on the PLC_S7-1200 text will flash. Then testing was carried out on the PC and PLC network connections using the PING statistics command through estimated round trip times. Next, test the network connection via accessible devices flashed on the PLC, test the tag on Kepserverex, test the Factory I/O, and test the PLC communication with the Factory I/O. Based on the results of the system testing carried out, namely testing the network connection on the PC and PLC, the round trip times on PC 1, 2, 3 showed an average of 2.4 ms, and on PLC 1, 2, 3 the average was 2.4 ms. with testing times of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 minutes. Testing network connections via flashled accessible devices functions by displaying a light indicator when the PLC is flashing, then testing tags on Kepserverex displays a table containing the tags used and shows good quality. Then the Factory I/O test displays the access name and tag used, then the HMI display module being tested runs according to the system that has been implemented, as well as testing the PLC communication with Factory I/O to connect the Factory I/O software with the PLC.
Analyzing Public Sentiments on Disaster Relief Efforts Through Social Media Data
Authors: Fakhruddin Muhammad Rafi , Wijaya Rifki , Bijaksana Moch Arif
Published: July 2024

Social media has become a source of quick but not necessarily accurate information. Especially in social media X, which is often used to share information. This research aims to conduct sentiment analysis on posts related to natural disasters that aim to maximize assistance to victims of natural disasters. This research takes datasets from tweets on social media X, the data will be labeled into positive and negative. And then the preprocessing process will be carried out, in this study, categorization will be carried out on each tweet related to the category, then the data will be divided into training and testing. Then the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) feature is used to assist in reducing the weight of words that often appear in the dataset, The next step involves designing a system with a focus on applying the Support Vector Machine (SVM) Polynomial Kernel algorithm which becomes a classifier which will later be used to find the best hyperline or decision boundary that divides each review into two classes, namely positive tweets and negative tweets. Then obtained with a value of Precision of 86.49%, Recall 99.21%, F1-Score 92.42%, and Accuracy of 87.01%. This research is expected to provide involvement in making a fast and effective decision for victims of natural disasters.
Physics teachers’ difficulties in teaching introduction to quantum physics in senior high school
Authors: Paransucia Putri , Fitria Amalia Irma
Published: July 2024

The High School Physics curriculum would not be complete without some basic concepts of Quantum Physics. The basic concepts of Quantum Physics are attractive to students, but the material is challenging to teach. This is because the phenomenon of Quantum Physics experienced by students is different from the real world and many principles of Quantum Physics may not be in accordance with the ideas that students know. Although the results of previous studies revealed a lot of research on the context of students’ understanding of the concepts of Quantum Physics. However, limited empirical data regarding the difficulties of high school teachers in teaching quantum physics are still rarely encountered in physics education research. This study aims to explore data on the difficulties of high school physics teachers in teaching quantum physics concepts. This research design uses quantitative and qualitative case study methods. To get three participants, namely 3 twelfth grade high school physics teachers, the researcher used a purposive sampling technique. The age range of participants is between 45-55 years while the teaching experience of teachers ranges from 10 to 30 years. The instruments used in this study were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview protocol. In this study, the questionnaire analysis used descriptive statistical analysis, while the interview data analysis used thematic analysis. The results of the study revealed that high school physics teachers had difficulty understanding the concept of quantum physics, had little difficulty in determining the right pedagogical approach, conducting laboratory activities, and building an evaluation system.
The Effectiveness of discovery learning model integrating PhET simulation media to enhance understanding of optical concepts
Authors: Nurul Agniya Nadia , Ismail Ali , Sari Lasmita
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the increase in students’ understanding of the optical geometry concept after being given treatment using the discovery learning model assisted by PhET simulation media and to test the effectiveness of this learning model to improve understanding of the optical geometry concepts. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental and uses the research design The Static Group Pretest-Post-test Design. The sampling technique in this study was taken using purposive sampling, namely where the control and experimental classes were selected based on the suitability of the student’s character with the researcher’s goals. Each experimental and control group consisted of 35 participants. The experimental class used the discovery learning model assisted by PhET simulation media and the control class uses the conventional learning model. The instrument in this study was using a multiple-choice test of 20 questions. Based on the test results of the Independent Sample Test, it obtained a significance value (alpha = 0.0001 < 0.05), which means that there is a difference in increasing understanding of the optical geometry concept between classes using the discovery Learning model assisted by PhET simulation media using the learning model conventional.
Inquiry ability of students to develop cognitive ability in learning hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Sylvia Dewi Pramita , Cahya Prima Eka , Widodo Ari , Rochintaniawati Diana
Published: July 2024

This research aims to implement questions through problem stimuli regarding hydro static pressure based on inquiry investigations. This research is limited to conducting experiments because the focus of the study is analyzing the cognitive abilities of the questions tested on 106 junior high school students. This study uses a quantitative exploratory method that aims to improve the understanding that students go through for their initial inquiry and perspective abilities during the science learning process. Data collection was carried out using a test instrument in the form of description questions whose inquiry indicators had been developed referring to the National Research Council (NRC) indicators, plus a questionnaire to identify students’ perceptions as a secondary data source. The results showed that all stages of inquiry activities had a low percentage of 50.0%. The involvement of students has yet to be able to ask investigative questions in formulating problems to be a significant start, as well as predicting in hypothesising. So it affects the activities of designing experiments and analysing data. This causes scientific reasoning to be challenging to communicate. In comparison, student interest in science learning is only around 51.2%. This proves that the inquiry process aspects are tied to one another, and the role of students must be maximally fully involved in every stage. Teacher and technology support needs to be harmonised to optimise further research.
Study of the relationship between the strength limit and long-term fatigue of steel reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with a long servise life in aggressive environments
Authors: Berdnyk Oksana , Makarenko Valeriy , Amelina Nataliya
Published: July 2024

It is known that the fatigue process begins with plastic deformation of the surface layers of the reinforcement metal. Moreover, the movement of dislocations in the conditions of repeatedly alternating stresses is observed at loads below the elastic limit of the metal. The rate of local plastic deformation during cyclic deformation is several orders of magnitude higher than the rate of deformation under static loading. Slip of dislocations begins in grains with a favorable orientation near the stress concentrators. With an increase in the number of cycles in the surface layers, the density of dislocations and the number of vacancies increases. When the basic number of NR cycles is reached, a surface hardened metal layer is formed with a large number of seed cracks, the size of which does not reach a critical value. An increase in the number of cycles cannot cause further development of destruction in such a layer.   Only when the stresses exceed the endurance limit do the cracks reach a critical length, after which the process of their draining into the main crack begins with the propagation of the latter. The results of experimental studies indicate a strong influence of diffusible hydrogen on the static and cyclic parameters of crack resistance. It was established that with the increase of flooding, especially when the hydrogen content exceeds 5 cm3100g, both the static strength and long-term strength (fatigue-laziness) decrease sharply. Moreover, these areas of the hydrogen solution in the reinforcing steel are characterized by a viscous nature of fracture, while for heavily flooded reinforcement (from 5 to 12 cm3100g, brittle fracture by the mechanism of micro-split in the hardened (martensitic or troostite structure) is inherent.
The analysis of the obtained experimental results made it possible to determine the optimal content of hydrogen in reinforcing steel (3-5 cm3 100g), the excess of which will cause a decrease in the crack resistance of the reinforcement in the process of long-term operation, especially in corrosive and aggressive environments.
The issue of fatigue of reinforcing steels is very relevant today.
Properties of recycled coarse aggregates obtained from crushed concrete waste
Authors: Savytskyi Mykola , Smyrnov Anton
Published: July 2024

According to the Kyiv School of Economics as of January 2024, the losses from the destruction and damage of buildings and structures as a result of military actions in Ukraine amount to at least 75 billion dollars. Now contractors carrying out the liquidation of the consequences of armed aggression are required to take measures to reuse construction waste. Taking into account the presence of natural crushed stone in concrete scrap, the question arises about the possibility of using crushed concrete in new construction. During the design a concrete mixture it is necessary to know such characteristics of aggregates as grain size composition, bulk density, specific density, voids, strength.Three mixtures of concrete were designed and aseries of cube samples were made from them to determine the specified characteristics of recycledcoarse aggregate obtained from crushed concrete on local materials. At the appropriate age the samples of origin concrete were crushed using a laboratory jaw crusher.The results of sieve analyses showed that ungraded mixtures of fine and coarse fractions do not meet the requirements of national standard due to the large content of coarse fractions. At the same time, in general, the granulometric composition of only coarse fractions meets the requirements of standards in Ukraine. The obtained bulk densities and specific densities differ in different fractions with a large dispersion even within the same fraction. The strength of the aggregate decreases with a decrease in grain sizes. Thus, the main factor that has a decisive influence on the properties of RCA and concrete with their use is the presence of residual mortar. The smaller the fraction of the RCA, the higher the residual mortar content, up to individual grains that are entirely composed of it. Therefore, one of the methods of improving the properties of RCA is to reduce the content of the residual mortar.
Renovation with height increasing of residential buildings of the 1960s made of precast concrete
Authors: Shekhovtsov Vladyslav , Fesenko Oleg , Malakhov Viktor , Bondarenko Olexiy
Published: July 2024

For many years, an urgent problemin Ukraine is a technical renovation of the existing housing stock of mass-series buildings. Most of them were built with precast concrete elements inthe 1960s–1970s. The design lifecycle of such buildings was determined for 25 years. Therefore they have obsolescence and backwardness. That expressed in inconformity with modern design codes for residential buildings, the absence of elevators, the unavailability of engineering communications, low heat and energy efficiency and environmental compatibility of such buildings. On the other hand, the technical examinations of concrete structures of such houses showed that at least 80 % of them havenot depleted their bearing capacity  resource. The problem of buildings renovation was especially emphasized by the destructive consequences of theRussian federation armed aggression in Ukraine.
The paper describes the experience of renovation with reconstruction of the old 5-storey residential building into modern 9-storey multi-apartment residential building. Construction works included redevelopment of the interior space, elevator installation, and replacement of the utilities by the modern ones and using of up-to-date technologies to improve the energy efficiency of the building. The project provides increasing the number of stories.
Case Reports on Anatomical Variations of the Hepatic Arteries: Implications for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Surgical Safety
Authors: Plaza-Patino Oscar Alonso , Dorado-Ramírez Luis Felipe , Rodríguez-Morales Yolibeth , Zambrano-Zorrilla Juan Pablo
Published: July 2024

A laparoscopic surgeon’s understanding of embryology, anatomy, and potential anatomical variations of the bile duct is crucial for safely performing gallbladder removal using this minimally invasive technique. In conducting two medical-legal autopsies, we identified a previously undocumented anatomical variant where the liver’s blood supply originates from the common hepatic artery, branching into a trident formation to form the right, left, and cystic hepatic arteries. Notably, the right hepatic artery is situated within Calot’s triangle, whereas the cystic artery is located anomalously outside the triangle. This anatomical anomaly poses significant surgical risks, including the potential for morbidity and mortality due to ischemic necrosis of the liver from vascular injury. The success of laparoscopic surgery under these circumstances relies heavily on the surgeon’s expertise in managing an atypical surgical field, adherence to a culture of safety, and a critical approach to safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The role of single parent in developing children’s self-awareness; A case study in the Islamic region, Aceh
Authors: Ismail Muthmainnah , Amelia Lina , Safira Rahma
Published: July 2024

This research aims to analyze the steps single parents take in fostering the self-awareness of 5-year-old children and describe their attitudes. Using a case study approach, this qualitative research involved two single parents and two children aged 5 years as research subjects. Based on interviews and observations, single parents foster children's self-awareness through several steps: recognizing one's own emotions and the emotions of others, managing one's emotions, motivating oneself, being a role model, and building social relationships. As a result, children's self-awareness manifests in self-confidence, independence in choosing activities, emotional control, understanding of rules, discipline, persistence, and pride in their work. The development of self-awareness in 5-year-old children is closely related to the steps implemented by single parents, with being a role model being the most effective method in fostering children's self-awareness.
Fa’aliyatu Istikhdam Thariqatu Ta’allum Al-Lughah Al-Mujtama’ (Community Language Learning) Litarqiyati Maharatul Kalam Lada Thalibat Bi Madrasah SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Karangasem Lamongan jawa Timur
Authors: Irham rosidin Irham , Halim Andy Fahmi , Santoso Budi , Farid
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research is to determine students' Arabic speaking skills using the community language learning method, and to find out the extent of the impact of this method on improving the Arabic speaking skills of female students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Karangasem Lamongan, East Java. The research sample in this study was 16 grade 1 female students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Karangasem Lamongan, East Java, and the type of research was experimental research, and the research approach the researcher used was a quantitative approach. The research tools that researchers use are direct observation tests and interviews. Research results: This is based on the adjusted value in the pre-test of 58.0625, becoming 71.25 in the post-test. The researcher got the t-statistic result = 10.98, then the researcher set the t-table, then the researcher looked for the results in the list (Df) of the t-table and found the result = 2.94 at 1%, then 2.13 at 5%. And because the t-statistic result = 10.98 is greater than the statistical results of 1% and 5%, it means that Ho is rejected and H₁ is accepted, or the hypothesis of this research is accepted. This means that the application of the community language method has great effectiveness in improving speaking skills in first-grade students at Muhammadiyah School 2 Karangasem Lamongan, East Java.
Modern models of constitutional justice and their distinctive features
Authors: Ongdashuly Y. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Ahatov U.A. , Biskultanova A.M. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: July 2024

The object of study in the article is the current models of constitutional justice used in various jurisdictions. The author examines the models of constitutional justice that are currently used by constitutional justice in various regions of the world. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the study of this issue makes it possible to choose the optimal model that allows effectively solving issues of national rule-making. For the Republic of Kazakhstan, this problem is very important in light of the creation in the country of a new model of constitutional justice, which requires scientific understanding taking into account the accumulated world experience in organizing constitutional justice. The purpose of the article is to study modern models of constitutional justice from the point of view of their main differences, advantages and disadvantages. Methods. The peculiarity of the methodology used is determined by the goal of a comprehensive study of existing models of constitutional justice. In this regard, the diversity of approaches, methods and means of understanding this form of legal process required reliance on comprehensive and systematic approaches. Conducting a study of the constitutional jurisdictional process required, firstly, the use of general scientific and proper legal methods, including methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and generalization. Also in this work, a comparative legal method was used, which made it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the models under study, identify their main characteristics, on the basis of which to formulate appropriate conclusions. In addition, in the process of working on the article, a country-specific legal approach was used, which made it possible to consider the features of national models of constitutional justice. Results. It has been determined that in the world practice of constitutional control, various models of constitutional justice are known. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that currently the most promising is the centralized (European) model. The conducted research allows us to say that the existing models of constitutional justice have both their advantages and disadvantages, however, in our opinion, the presence of a separate body that carries out constitutional justice is more preferable, since it ensures its autonomy, independence and objectivity in making decisions. decisions by professional judges who have the appropriate qualifications, authority and experience in considering complex issues related to rulemaking.
Reflection of the formation of the "Soviet" cultural code in Kazakh family law in visual sources of the 20-30s of the twentieth century
Authors: Assymova D.B. ,   Abaі Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kalkayeva N.B. ,   Abaі Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the history of Kazakh family law in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century. To be more specific, we will talk about the impact of the first decisions of the Soviet government on the institution of the family in the transitional period of Kazakh history. The abolition of laws governing family relations in Kazakh society before the arrival of the Bolsheviks. The influence of Soviet laws governing the institution of the family on family members. The family is the catalyst for change in a woman's life. The disappearance of polygamous families. The emancipation of a woman. New phenomena in the life of a woman who has received "freedom". New tasks and services outside the household. Differences in the life of a city dweller and a woman from the village. During the article, the presentation of the above problems by visual sources was analyzed. Based on the visual sources considered during the study, an analysis of the elements of tradition and modernism of the Kazakh family at the indicated time was carried out, the dynamics of changes, the mutual unity of the family, the relationship between members, the gender aspect, the propensity to film family issues, and culture were determined. On the basis of visual data, a step was taken towards defining the Soviet cultural code through a description of the material nature surrounding the family. At the beginning of the 20th century, a step was taken towards determining the representation of the historical and political situation in Kazakhstan and their influence on the concept of the family in visual data. In preparing the article, we tried to show the history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the 20th century through the history of the family, based on a visual representation of the family, through the essence of family life, the main unit of society. In the process of working with visual data on family history, regional, local research methods were used.
The Influence of Financial Performance on Stock Returns: A Case Study of Retail Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2015-2022)
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin
Published: July 2024

Pengaruh kinerja keuangan akan berdampak pada aktivitas keuangan sebuah entitas (baik itu perusahaan, organisasi, atau individu) yang memiliki berbagai aspek operasional, strategis, dan keberlanjutan dari entitas tersebut. Berikut adalah beberapa contoh pengaruh kinerja keuangan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak variabel Earning Per Share (EPS), Return On Equity (ROE), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), dan Price Earning Ratio (PER) terhadap kinerja Return Saham pada perusahaan sektor perdagangan retail yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan sekunder dari masing-masing perusahaan perdagangan retail selama periode 2015 hingga 2022. Populasi penelitian mencakup 32 perusahaan perdagangan retail, dengan sampel terdiri dari 12 perusahaan yang dipilih melalui metode purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi STATA 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara individu, Earning Per Share, Return On Equity, Debt To Equity Ratio, dan Price Earning Ratio memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Return Saham