bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice‐cold storage or controlled hypothermia to preserve marginal grafts in high‐risk heart transplantation
Authors: Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Gliozzi Gregorio , Martin‐Suarez Sofia , Visentin Pierluigi , Botta Luca , Copetti Stefano , Dralov Andriy , Benedetti Giovanni , Finato Nicoletta , Pacini Davide , Livi Ugolino , Vendramin Igor
Published: October 2024

Background

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Paragonix SherpaPak cardiac transport system (PSP) compared to the standard ice‐cold storage (ICS) in extended‐criteria donor grafts implanted in high‐risk recipients.

Methods

Data of all HTx at the University Centers of Udine and Bologna, between January 2020 and December 2023, employing extended‐criteria donors in high‐risk HTx conditions were retrospectively analyzed. Patient outcomes and complications after HTx were assessed. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed in donor hearts immediately after retrieval (T0), before implantation (T1) and at reperfusion (T2) to evaluate signs of myocardial damage.

Results

Overall, 90 patients who had heart transplantation (HTx) with a donor graft preserved with either ICS (n = 60) or PSP (n = 30) were included in the study. The 30‐day mortality was 3% in both groups (p = 0.99), and 1‐year survival 90% and 88% (p = 0.89) for recipients transplanted with PSP and ICS preserved grafts. Rates of moderate‐to‐severe graft dysfunction and bradi‐arrhythmias for PSP and ICS groups were 7% versus 20% (p = 0.08), and 3% versus 15% (p = 0.09). Histologically, severe degrees of cellular and endothelial damage were absent in all PSP grafts while severe degree of contraction bands were higher in ICS hearts at T2.

Conclusions

In high‐risk donor–recipient matching, donor heart preservation with PSP seems to show a tendency toward better graft protection.
Projecting the long‐run impact of an economic reform: The case of the Indonesian Omnibus Law
Authors: Gupta Krisna , Patunru Arianto A. , Gretton Paul
Published: October 2024

Indonesia has been seeking to improve its investment climate. The most recent development in this process is the enactment of a ‘Job Creation Law’, which aims to achieve improvement in the investment climate through simplifying red tape, eliminating large numbers of overlapping regulations, and adopting a Risk‐Based Assessment approach to business licensing. In parallel with this development, the Indonesian Government is pursuing an Import Substitution Strategy (ISS) to help preserve external balance while fostering local activity. In this paper, the recursive dynamic GDyn‐FS model of the global economy is used to highlight the positive impacts of improving the investment climate, on national investment and trade over time, and the flow‐on impacts to industries and households. On the other hand, the analysis indicates that the pursuit of an ISS, while possibly favouring protected activities, is likely to act as an ongoing drag on the wider economy.
Editorial: Advanced glycation end products ‐ a dietary culprit for IBD in the genetically susceptible?
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Forss Anders
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jiang et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18218
Letter: Gut microbiota—An overlooked therapeutic target in the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn's disease
Authors: Bogatic D. , Bryant R. V.
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bak et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18040.
Letter: Allostatic load—A potential key in the development of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kharal Maryam , Shahbaz Muhammad Hassan , Nadeem Muhammad Salman , Shahbaz Sana
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Zhao et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18217.
Editorial: Enhancing targeted screening of people living with HIV for liver fibrosis
Authors: Lee Shui‐Shan , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Allende et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18236.
Experiences from the initial 3 years of introducing the British Pharmacological Society and UK Medical Schools Council Prescribing Safety Assessment for Danish junior doctors
Authors: Moriat Kathrine Bendorff , Ennis Zandra Nymand , Øhlenschlæger Thomas , Bergmann Troels Korshøj
Published: October 2024

Aims

The British Pharmacological Society and UK Medical Schools Council Prescription Safety Assessment (BPS/MSC PSA) is an electronic platform developed for assessing the prescription skills of medical students. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of the BPS/MSC PSA in addressing prescribing competencies among junior doctors in a hospital setting.

Methods

The Department of Clinical Pharmacology at Odense University Hospital established a Danish translated programme using the BPS/MSC PSA platform. We launched a formal 3‐year programme in 2021, potentially assessing all first‐year doctors at Odense University Hospital and Esbjerg Regional Hospital. Participation was followed by a survey.

Results

During the period of 2021 to 2023 n = 364 doctors were invited, from which n = 246 participated. The compliance rate increased from 38% in 2021 to 88% in 2023. The mean assessment score (points normalized to percentage) across n = 246 participants was 71%, and 94% achieved a score of at least 50%. A subset of participants responded to the survey, with the majority of those completing the questionnaire indicating that the purpose of the assessment was clear. The items related to difficulty and number of questions received comparable evaluations, and most respondents found the questions clinically relevant.

Conclusion

It is feasible to translate and implement the BPS/MSC PSA in a Danish hospital setting. The programme provides insight into the prescribing competencies of junior doctors and the participants are generally positive.
Postpartum Women's Experiences of Postnatal Care in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Moyo Enos , Moyo Perseverance , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Ross Andrew
Published: October 2024

Background

Postnatal care (PNC) is a critical service for the health and well‐being of new mothers and newborns. However, in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), most efforts to improve maternal and child health have been directed toward enhancing skilled birth attendance and urgent obstetric and neonatal care. This is despite the fact that more than half of maternal deaths globally occur in the postnatal period, with 65% of these occurring in the first week following birth. One of the health system factors influencing PNC utilization is the women's previous PNC experience at healthcare facilities. The aim of this review was to gain a better understanding of women's experiences of PNC in SSA.

Methods

This study followed a qualitative evidence synthesis design. The phenomenon of interest was postpartum women's experiences of PNC in SSA. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Science Direct, Africa Journals Online (AJOL), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published in English between 2013 and 2023. To assess the quality of the included studies, we used an appraisal tool developed by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co‐ordinating Centre. Two authors independently extracted relevant data from the included studies. Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis framework was used to synthesize the data.

Results

Eight articles were used in this review. Seven articles reported on qualitative studies, and one reported on a mixed‐method study. All the included studies fully or partially met the 12 quality assessment criteria. Synthesis of the data resulted in the development of five analytical themes. The five themes were the adequacy of physical examination and communication of the findings, adequacy of PNC information, the quality of interactions with healthcare workers (HCWs), the availability of resources and adequacy of HCWs, and denial of care. The overall confidence in the review's findings was either moderate or high.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we recommend that countries in the region address staff shortages, implement task shifting, electronic medicine stock management systems, optimal supply chain policies, and train HCWs on PNC and interpersonal communication skills.
External validation and calibration of the HoLISTIC Consortium's advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma international prognostic index (A‐HIPI) in the Brazilian Hodgkin lymphoma registry
Authors: Buccheri Valeria , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Biasoli Irene , Castro Nelson , Villarim Carolina Colaço , Traina Fabiola , Silveira Talita , Praxedes Monica Kopschitz , Solza Cristiana , Perobelli Leila , Baiocchi Otavio , Gaiolla Rafael , Boquimpani Carla , Sola Caroline Bonamin , de Paulae Silva Roberta Oliveira , Ribas Ana Carolina , Pagnano Kátia , Steffenello Giovanna , de Souza Carmino , Spector Nelson , Rodday Angie Mae , Evens Andrew M. , Parsons Susan K. ,   the HoLISTIC Consortium
Published: October 2024

The Hodgkin lymphoma International Study for Individual Care (HoLISTIC) Consortium's A‐HIPI model, developed in 2022 for advanced‐stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), predicts survival within 5 years amongst newly diagnosed patients. This study validates its performance in the Brazilian Hodgkin lymphoma registry. By 2022, the Brazilian HL registry included 1357 cHL patients, with a median 5‐year follow‐up. Probabilities for 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using A‐HIPI‐model equations. Discrimination (Harrell C‐statistic/Uno C‐statistic) and calibration measures assessed external validation and calibration. Lab values beyond the allowed range were excluded, mirroring the initial A‐HIPI analysis. A total of 694 advanced‐stage cHL patients met the original inclusion criteria (age 18–65 years, Stage IIB‐IV). Median age was 31 years; 46.3% were females. Stage distribution was IIB (33.1%), III (27.4%), IV (39.5%). Bulky disease in 32.6%. Five‐year PFS and OS were 68.4% and 86.0%, respectively. Harrell C‐statistics were 0.60 for PFS and 0.69 for OS, and Uno C‐statistics were 0.63 for PFS and 0.72 for OS. Calibration plots demonstrated well‐calibrated predictions with calibration slopes of 0.91 and 1.03 for 5‐year OS and PFS, respectively. Despite differing patient, clinical characteristics, and socioeconomic factors, the baseline prediction tool performed well in the Brazilian cohort, demonstrating adequate discrimination and calibration. This supports its reliability in diverse settings.
Bladder irrigation with tap water to reduce antibiotic use for urinary tract infections in catheter users
Authors: den Hoedt Stefan , van Veen Felice E.E. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F.M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bladder irrigation (BI) with tap water to reduce antibiotic use for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with recurrent UTI symptoms and to assess the treatment satisfaction of BI.

Patients and Methods

This prospective, observational study included patients with an indwelling catheter or performing clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) who had recurrent UTI symptoms between July 2022 and March 2024. BI with tap water was used for the treatment of UTIs without systemic symptoms (e.g., fever, flank pain or delirium). Patients started daily irrigation at the onset of UTI symptoms and used a tapering schedule. The number of antibiotic treatments for UTIs, UTI incidence rate ratio (IRR), UTI‐related hospitalisations, treatment satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) were compared between a 3‐month period before and after BI with tap water.

Results

A total of 60 patients were included with a median (interquartile range) age of 64.5 (50.4–72.6) years, 66.7% were male, and 83.3% were performing CIC. Antibiotic use was decreased on average by 38.1% (IRR = 0.62; P = 0.016) and catheter‐associated UTIs by 37.9% (IRR = 0.62; P = 0.005). No increase was observed in the incidence of UTIs with systemic symptoms or UTI‐related hospitalisations. In addition, no differences were observed in the health‐related QoL. The majority of patients were positive about the subjective effectiveness (81%), ease of use (86%) and overall satisfaction (85%) of BI with tap water.

Conclusion

These findings emphasise the potential of BI with tap water as a promising and patient‐friendly alternative for the treatment of UTIs in patients with urinary catheters. BI with tap water significantly reduces antibiotic use and UTI incidence in patients with recurrent UTIs and is a safe and patient‐friendly alternative that can be easily implemented in the management of UTIs.
Undetectable pre‐radical cystectomy circulating tumour DNA status predicts improved oncological outcomes
Authors: Ben‐David Reuben , Lidagoster Sarah , Geduldig Jack , Kolanukuduru Kaushik P. , Elkun Yuval , Tillu Neeraja , Mandel Asher , Almoflihi Mohammed , Kaufmann Basil , Attalla Kyrollis , Mehrazin Reza , Wiklund Peter , Sfakianos John P.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with undetectable tumour‐informed circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) before radical cystectomy (RC) and evaluate if those who converted from detectable to undetectable ctDNA status after RC have similar RFS outcomes as those with persistently undetectable ctDNA status.

Patients and Methods

Patients who underwent RC had prospectively and longitudinally collected tumour‐informed ctDNA analyses during 2021–2023. ctDNA status was informed from the pre‐RC specimen. The minimal residual disease (MRD) window was defined as the initial 90 days after RC. RFS was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to find predictors of disease recurrence.

Results

The cohort included 135 patients with 647 ctDNA analyses. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 71 (63–77) years. Over a median (IQR) follow‐up of 11 (7–18) months, 41 patients (30%) had a recurrence. Pre‐RC undetectable ctDNA status was found in 54 patients (40%). The RFS rates at 6, 12, and 21 months were 98%, 93%, and 82%, respectively. Of 77 patients with undetectable ctDNA status at the MRD window available for conversion dynamics analysis, 43 had persistently undetectable ctDNA status (both at pre‐RC and MRD window) and 31 converted from pre‐RC detectable to MRD undetectable status (conversion group). The persistently undetectable group had significantly better RFS than the conversion group (log‐rank, P < 0.001), with 12‐month RFS rates of 97% vs 51%, and 18‐month RFS rates of 88% vs 51%, respectively. On Cox multivariate analysis, only the conversion group status predicted disease recurrence.

Conclusions

Patients with undetectable pre‐RC ctDNA status have a favourable prognosis and may be candidates for treatment de‐escalation. Those with persistently undetectable ctDNA had superior RFS compared to the conversion group. Pre‐RC ctDNA status should be incorporated into trials examining ctDNA use in clinical decision‐making.
Generalized eXtended Finite Element Method for Deformable Cutting via Boolean Operations
Authors: Ton‐That Q. M. , Kry P. G. , Andrews S.
Published: October 2024

Traditional mesh‐based methods for cutting deformable bodies rely on modifying the simulation mesh by deleting, duplicating, deforming or subdividing its elements. Unfortunately, such topological changes eventually lead to instability, reduced accuracy, or computational efficiency challenges. Hence, state of the art algorithms favor the extended finite element method (XFEM), which decouples the cut geometry from the simulation mesh, allowing for stable and accurate cuts at an additional computational cost that is local to the cut region. However, in the 3‐dimensional setting, current XFEM frameworks are limited by the cutting configurations that they support. In particular, intersecting cuts are either prohibited or require sophisticated special treatment. Our work presents a general XFEM formulation that is applicable to the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dimensional setting without sacrificing the desirable properties of the method. In particular, we propose a generalized enrichment which supports multiple intersecting cuts of various degrees of non‐linearity by leveraging recent advances in robust mesh‐Boolean technology. This novel strategy additionally enables analytic discontinuous integration schemes required to compute mass, force and elastic energy. We highlight the simplicity, expressivity and accuracy of our XFEM implementation across various scenarios in which intersecting cutting patterns are featured.
Strongly Coupled Simulation of Magnetic Rigid Bodies
Authors: Westhofen L. , Fernández‐Fernández J. A. , Jeske S. R. , Bender J.
Published: October 2024

We present a strongly coupled method for the robust simulation of linear magnetic rigid bodies. Our approach describes the magnetic effects as part of an incremental potential function. This potential is inserted into the reformulation of the equations of motion for rigid bodies as an optimization problem. For handling collision and friction, we lean on the Incremental Potential Contact (IPC) method. Furthermore, we provide a novel, hybrid explicit / implicit time integration scheme for the magnetic potential based on a distance criterion. This reduces the fill‐in of the energy Hessian in cases where the change in magnetic potential energy is small, leading to a simulation speedup without compromising the stability of the system. The resulting system yields a strongly coupled method for the robust simulation of magnetic effects. We showcase the robustness in theory by analyzing the behavior of the magnetic attraction against the contact resolution. Furthermore, we display stability in practice by simulating exceedingly strong and arbitrarily shaped magnets. The results are free of artifacts like bouncing for time step sizes larger than with the equivalent weakly coupled approach. Finally, we showcase the utility of our method in different scenarios with complex joints and numerous magnets.
Review of ecological valuation and equivalency analysis methods for assessing temperate nearshore submerged aquatic vegetation
Authors: Pausch Rachel E. , Hale Jessica R. , Kiffney Peter , Sanderson Beth , Azat Sara , Barnas Katie , Chesney W. Bryant , Cosentino‐Manning Natalie , Ehinger Stephanie , Lowry Dayv , Marx Steve
Published: October 2024

Nearshore seagrass, kelp, and other macroalgae beds (submerged aquatic vegetation [SAV]) are productive and important ecosystems. Mitigating anthropogenic impacts on these habitats requires tools to quantify their ecological value and the debits and credits of impact and mitigation. To summarize and clarify the state of SAV habitat quantification and available tools, we searched peer‐reviewed literature and other agency documents for methods that either assigned ecological value to or calculated equivalencies between impact and mitigation in SAV. Out of 47 tools, there were 11 equivalency methods, 7 of which included a valuation component. The remaining valuation methods were most commonly designed for seagrasses and rocky intertidal macroalgae rather than canopy‐forming kelps. Tools were often designed to address specific resource policies and associated habitat evaluation. Frequent categories of tools and methods included those associated with habitat equivalency analyses and those that scored habitats relative to reference or ideal conditions, including models designed for habitat suitability indices and the European Union's Water and Marine Framework Directives. Over 29 tool input metrics spanned 3 spatial scales of SAV: individual shoots or stipes, bed or site, and landscape or region. The most common metric used for both seagrasses and macroalgae was cover. Seagrass tools also often employed density measures, and some categories used measures of tissue content (e.g., carbon, nitrogen). Macroalgal tools for rocky intertidal habitats frequently included species richness or incorporated indicator species to assess habitat. We provide a flowchart for decision‐makers to identify representative tools that may apply to their specific management needs.
Effects of expansion of protected areas and habitat transformation on spatiotemporal variation in human–wildlife conflict
Authors: Li Yumei , Zhang Chao , Gao Huayao , Lu Ming , Nie Yonggang
Published: October 2024

Land‐use changes and the expansion of protected areas (PAs) have fostered increased interactions between humans and wildlife, resulting in an escalation of human–wildlife conflict (HWC) globally. However, HWC spatiotemporal pattern variation and its associations with PAs and land‐use change remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we mapped and analyzed HWCs from 1990 to 2022 across China. We comprehensively mapped the spatiotemporal dynamics of HWCs in ArcGIS with data sets stratified by county, year, and species; assessed the impact of PAs through propensity score matching; and analyzed the effects of habitat transformation with linear mixed models. As PA increased from 0 to 20,000 km2, the likelihood of HWCs initially increased (50%) before declining (20%). Conversely, as the distance from a PA grew, the likelihood of HWC gradually decreased (0 beyond 65 km). There was a temporal lag between the establishment of a PA and the occurrence of HWC. Habitat loss catalyzed HWCs, whereas decreased levels of habitat fragmentation sometimes initially caused a temporary increase in HWCs. In general, the distribution of PAs greatly affected HWC occurrence, and habitat loss and fragmentation were critical drivers of HWCs, both of which exhibited time‐lagged effects. HWC has become more challenging to address as conservation initiatives have led to significant recovery of the habitats and populations of wild animals. Further measures to address the HWCs are needed to ensure the preservation of animal welfare while fostering the mutually beneficial coexistence of humans and animal species. Finally, our study provides an important starting point for informing future HWC research and conservation planning on a global scale.
Unveiling the Enigmatic Role of SLC35F3 in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ye Yiwang , Long Feihu , Yue Wei , Wei Zichun , Yang Jianyi , Xie Yuancai
Published: October 2024

Background

The role of solute carrier family 35 member F3 (SLC35F3) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a study employing bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Methods

This study aimed to examine the expression patterns of SLC35F3 in various cancer types, particularly focusing on LUAD, by analyzing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate its clinical relevance. The research also explored potential regulatory mechanisms of SLC35F3, including its interactions with immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and drug sensitivity in LUAD. The investigation included analyzing SLC35F3 expression in single‐cell sequencing of LUAD cells, examining genetic variations of SLC35F3 in LUAD, and assessing SLC35F3 expression in cell lines using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).

Results

The aberrant expression of SLC35F3 was observed in both pan‐cancer and LUAD. In LUAD patients, a statistically significant increase in SLC35F3 expression was correlated with gender (p < 0.001) and was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.020). The expression of SLC35F3 was identified as an independent prognostic determinant in patients with LUAD (p = 0.032). SLC35F3 exhibited associations with various pathways, including cell cycle and more. SLC35F3 expression demonstrated correlations with immune infiltration, TMB, and some drugs in LUAD. Results indicated significant upregulation of SLC35F3 in both LUAD tissues and cell lines.

Conclusions

SLC35F3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for patients with LUAD.

Clinical Trial Registration

Not applicable.
The Effects of Using AI Tools on Critical Thinking in English Literature Classes Among EFL Learners: An Intervention Study
Authors: Liu Wenxia , Wang Yunsong
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven learning has become an irreversible trend in foreign language education. Scholars are increasingly focusing on this field, yet few have examined its impact within English literature classes. To fill this gap, we designed an 8‐week intervention study with mixed methods and recruited 90 students, with 42 in the experimental group and 48 in the control group, matched for average age, English proficiency and gender ratio. Critical thinking levels were measured before and after the intervention using a standardised assessment tool. In the experimental group, students used AI tools (ChatGPT‐3.5, Bodoudou, SummarizBot, etc.) to generate and answer text‐related questions, and participate in interactive quizzes and AI‐assisted debates during classes, while the control group followed traditional methods without AI tools. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in the critical thinking skills of the experimental group compared to the control group, as measured by pre and postintervention assessments (p < 0.05). This suggests that AI tools can effectively enhance critical thinking abilities in English literature classes. This study not only contributes to the emerging discourse on AI in education but also offers practical implications for integrating AI technologies to support and enrich the learning experiences of EFL students in literature classes. The findings have the potential to guide educators and policymakers in designing AI‐driven educational strategies that are culturally responsive and pedagogically effective.
Equine coital exanthema: New approaches to minimise the negative impact on the equine industry
Authors: Vissani M. A.
Published: October 2024

Equine coital exanthema (ECE), caused by Equid alphaherpesvirus 3 (EHV‐3), is a highly contagious, venereally transmitted mucocutaneous disease, characterised by the formation of papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers on the external genital organs of mares and stallions. The infection is endemic worldwide, and the virus is transmitted mainly through direct contact during sexual intercourse and by contaminated instruments during reproductive manoeuvres in breeding facilities. The only known biological reservoir of EHV‐3 is the latently infected horse; it is well‐known that, as for other herpesviral infections, periods of reactivation from latency, with production and shedding of infectious virus, are the source of infection for other comingling susceptible animals. Episodes of reactivation and shedding, either with or without clinical manifestation, and together with variable levels of serum antibodies, have been observed. Although the disease is relatively benign and does not result in systemic illness, infertility or abortion, it does have a negative impact on the equine industry, as it forces to temporarily withdraw affected animals, consequently disrupting mating activities in breeding enterprises. Thus, outbreaks of ECE continue to be a major problem for the equine industry, mostly in those facilities with heavily scheduled breeding calendars during reproductive seasons. For affected stallions, such disruptions may translate into significant end‐of‐season decreases in the mare‐book size. Similarly, affected mares may miss breeding opportunities. In artificial insemination and embryo transfer centres, affected mares may be reluctant to be inspected, inseminated or transferred, with the consequent loss of opportunities to become pregnant. In both scenarios (natural mating or artificial insemination), delayed foaling dates or reduced pregnancy rates may occur in mares that miss breeding opportunities because of the disease. In the interest of reducing the negative impact of EHV‐3 infections on breeding centres, advances have been made during the last years as to diagnostic methodologies, treatment and prevention.
Challenges and complications of prolonged nasogastric intubation in equine patients
Authors: Byrne C. A.
Published: October 2024

Managing equine patients that require prolonged periods of nasogastric intubation can be difficult and may require the use of repeated intubation or use of an in‐dwelling nasogastric tube. Both approaches present potential risks for complications from nasal, pharyngeal and oesophageal trauma. Diagnosis and treatment of cranial oesophageal lesions can be particularly challenging due to the anatomy of this region.
Adapting a Preparatory Skills‐Building Programme for Carers of People With Cancer Through Co‐Design: The iCanSupport Project
Authors: Easpaig Bróna Nic Giolla , Newman Bronwyn , Johnson Judith , Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. , Jones Lucy , Hofstätter Lukas , Robertson Eden G. , Harrison Reema
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Health services rely upon carers to provide care for loved ones with cancer, yet many carers often feel ill‐prepared for this role. Despite a multitude of programmes to support carer mental health, programmes that help carers feel better equipped to support a person with cancer are lacking. This study aimed to address this need by adapting an evidence‐based intervention to be suitable for carers of people with cancer.

Methods

This study used an exploratory, qualitative design consisting of experienced‐based co‐design and an in‐depth stakeholder engagement strategy. An existing evidence‐based programme to promote resilience in the context of providing care was adapted for relevance to carers for people with cancer via two co‐design workshops with carers and healthcare professionals (n = 8). The resulting prototype programme was refined based on stakeholder consultations with staff and consumer members of cancer and carer support organisations across Australia (n = 16). Transcripts of the workshops, meetings and written feedback from carers were thematically analysed.

Results

Major programme developments were guided by three themes that emerged from the co‐design workshops: ‘creating value for carers’, ‘multiple contributors to carer distress’ and ‘the need for flexible implementation’. Analysis of the stakeholder consultation data showed that the themes of ‘diversity in carer journeys’ and ‘creating impact for carers’ were key to further tailoring the programme for applicability to practice. An adapted programme called ‘iCanSupport’ resulted from the process, with key adaptations being more relevant case study scenarios for carers and greater flexibility in accessing and engaging with the intervention to accommodate a range of carer circumstances.

Conclusion

Programmes to build skills for becoming a carer for someone with cancer are absent, yet they are desired by carers. Using co‐design provided a user‐centric approach to adapt an existing evidence‐based programme. Programme evaluation is required to determine the effectiveness of the co‐designed approach in improving carer preparedness among a range of cohorts.

Patient or Public Contribution

Carers and consumers with lived experience and others involved in supporting consumers made valuable contributions to co‐designing and refining the programme in addition to providing ongoing guidance in the unfolding analysis and reporting of this research.
HIV Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Users' Experiences of PrEP Access, Sexual Behaviour, and Well‐Being During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Welsh Qualitative Study
Authors: Khammas Zahraa , Gillespie David , Williams Adam Dale Newman , Nicholls Jane , Wood Fiona
Published: October 2024

Background

HIV Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been available in Wales since 2017. The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic impacted UK sexual health services, leading to a reduction in service provision. There is a lack of research on the experiences of PrEP users during this time.

Objective

We aimed to explore the experiences of PrEP users in Wales following the introduction of COVID‐19 pandemic measures.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data analysis of two prior interview studies (DO‐PrEP and UPrEP). Data collection was undertaken between May 2020 and February 2021 using remote interviewing. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Participants were ≥18 years of age, residents of Wales, current or previous PrEP users, and men who have sex with men (MSM). Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

A total of 32 interviews were included in the analysis. Themes include the following: (1) PrEP use during COVID‐19, (2) sexual behaviour and relationship changes following COVID‐19 restrictions, (3) NHS service provision during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and (4) wider contextual effects of the pandemic. Participants reported a change in PrEP use (pausing or switching to event‐based PrEP). Participants reported reduced access to clinics and appointments. Support for changing to event‐based PrEP was varied. Social isolation resulted in varied responses to lockdown rules, especially in later lockdowns.

Conclusion

This study provides patient perspectives on the challenges the COVID‐19 pandemic posed to PrEP use and access. It offers insights into the broader support needs around PrEP use when an individual's circumstances change. Flexible models of PrEP provision, which can be adapted to the patient's needs, will be essential as PrEP delivery extends into the wider community.

Patient and Public Contribution

Both the DO‐PrEP and UPrEP studies received input from various stakeholders in the design of the topic guides for the study; these included public lay members, PrEP users, PrEP providers, and individuals involved with HIV advocacy and policy.
Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and English Questions
Authors: Song Eun Sun , Lee Seung‐Pyo
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Large language models such as Gemini, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4 have demonstrated significant potential in the medical field. Their performance in medical licensing examinations globally has highlighted their capabilities in understanding and processing specialized medical knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Gemini, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4 in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination. The accuracy of answering the examination questions in both Korean and English was assessed.

Methods

This study used a dataset comprising questions from the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination over 5 years (2019–2023). A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to investigate the impacts of model type and language on the accuracy of the responses. Questions were input into each model under standardized conditions, and responses were classified as correct or incorrect based on predefined criteria.

Results

GPT‐4 consistently outperformed the other models, achieving the highest accuracy rates across both language versions annually. In particular, it showed superior performance in English, suggesting advancements in its training algorithms for language processing. However, all models demonstrated variable accuracies in subjects with localized characteristics, such as health and medical law.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that GPT‐4 holds significant promise for application in medical education and standardized testing, especially in English. However, the variability in performance across different subjects and languages underscores the need for ongoing improvements and the inclusion of more diverse and localized training datasets to enhance the models' effectiveness in multilingual and multicultural contexts.
PRODUCTIVE ROBOTS AND INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT: THE ROLE OF NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Kapetaniou Chrystalla , Pissarides Christopher A.
Published: October 2024

In a model with robots, automatable and nonautomatable production, we study robot‐labor substitutions and show how they are influenced by a country's “innovation system.” Substitution depends on demand and production elasticities, the country's innovation capabilities, and openness. Making use of World Economic Forum data, we estimate the relationship for 13 countries and find that countries with poor innovation capabilities substitute robots for workers much more than countries with richer innovation capabilities, which might complement them. Innovation capabilities play a bigger role in the high‐tech electronics sector than in other manufacturing and play a limited role in nonmanufacturing.
Synergistic preparation of forsterite‐spinel refractory materials from ferronickel slag and ferrochromium slag
Authors: Gu Foquan , Zhang Yuanbo , Sun Xiaohui , Yang Zherong , Peng Zhengdong , Su Zijian , Long Yuyang , Shen Dongsheng , Kang Ying
Published: October 2024

The viability of synergistic preparing refractory material from ferronickel slag (FNS) and ferrochromium slag (FCS) has been confirmed based on the phase and microstructural transformation behavior of FNS and FCS during the sintering process in this research. The thermodynamic analysis results have shown that increasing magnesia additions at varying FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratios can result in the development of high‐melting‐point phases. The thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis, thermal expansion tester, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer analysis indicated that both the FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratio and magnesia addition have a significant impact on the transformation behavior of FNS and FCS during the sintering process. Specifically, as the FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratio increased, the temperature for generating the liquid phase decreased. By controlling the FCS/(FCS+FNS) ratio of 0.3 and magnesia addition of 30 wt.%, the expansion ratio of the FCS/(FCS+FNS) system during the sintering process was noticeably lower compared to that of the FCS and FNS demonstrating excellent densification.
An anode‐supported tubular proton conductor fuel cell with an inner ceramic ammonia cracking component
Authors: Liu Yingli , Jian Junhui , Xu Xiaoru , Chen Zhicong , Ye Hao , Liu Jiawei , Liu Yinglong , Lin Zeyu , Liu Jingjing , Luo Xu , Zhao Xiaobo , Tao Tao , Yao Yingbang , Lu Shengguo , Liang Zhaohua , Liang Bo
Published: October 2024

A tubular proton‐conducting fuel cell, anode‐supported, was fabricated using dip‐coating and followed by the co‐sintering of anode and electrolyte at 1500°C. The electrolyte and anode thicknesses are respectively 6 and 500 µm. The outer diameter of the tubular cell is 5.8 mm, featuring an anode porosity of 23%. Ammonia‐fueled single cell with Ru‐catalyzed internal cracking reactor is operated at various temperatures from 400°C to 600°C. Calculation results indicate that double‐ring current collection is an efficient current‐collecting mode. At 600°C, the device exhibited a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.02 V and a peak power density of 216 mW cm−2, with a total active area of 2.28 cm2. Exhaust gas analysis reveals a 99.13% ammonia decomposition rate at 600°C.
Latin American consensus on the treatment of melasma
Authors: Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Alas‐Carbajal Roberto , Bonifaz‐Araujo Jorge F. , Marín‐Castro Hernando , Valenzuela‐Ahumada Fernando , Véliz‐Barandiarán José Luis , Vila Echague Agustina , Zepeda‐Reyes David E. , Miot Helio A.
Published: October 2024

Melasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder that primarily affects photoexposed areas, occurring most frequently in adult women with darker skin phototypes. The primary factors contributing to its development include sun exposure, sex hormones (e.g., pregnancy), and genetic predisposition. Melasma is highly prevalent in Latin America, where many countries lie in intertropical zones and exhibit significant ethnic diversity because of centuries of intermixing among Native Americans, Europeans, and Sub‐Saharan Africans. Nine Latin American experts formulated a DELPHI‐based consensus to develop a valuable approach for treating melasma in this diverse population. After establishing an accurate diagnosis, assessing the impact on quality of life, and determining disease severity, the consensus recommends mitigating known triggers and promoting rigorous photoprotection. Active therapy should be tailored based on individual characteristics (e.g., pregnancy status, previous treatments, skin sensitivity). Treatment options include topical depigmenting agents, systemic therapies, and procedural interventions such as laser therapy, microneedling, and chemical peels. Periodic reassessment of the treatment is essential, with strategies adjusted if targeted outcomes are not achieved. Once clinical remission is attained, patients should continue using topical depigmenting agents and maintain strict photoprotection measures to prevent recurrence.
Acute Mast Cell Leukemia With Complex Karyomorphism and Karyotypes
Authors: Li Sha , Zhao Yantian
Published: October 2024

A 51‐year‐old woman visited the emergency department because of intermittent fever for more than 2 weeks. Physical examination found symmetrical pitting edema of the extremities. Computed tomography and ultrasound showed multiple serous effusions and splenomegaly. A complete blood cell analysis showed moderate anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. Abnormal cells in a subsequent peripheral blood smear accounted for 5%. The bone marrow smear showed a large number of abnormal cells (69.5%), with large cell bodies and pseudopod protrusions. Huge multinucleated cells were visible. Nucleoli were visible in some nuclei, and mitotic figures were evident. The abnormal cells by peroxidase staining were negative, and the positive rate by periodic acid–Schiff staining was 62%. Bone marrow biopsy revealed diffuse infiltration of heterotypic cells (approximately 80%). Later, she was transferred to the hematology department. The phenotypes by flow cytometry were CD117bri+, CD30+, MPO−, CD2−, and CD25−. The molecular test for KIT gene mutation was negative, and multiple karyotypes were abnormal and complex. The final diagnosis was mast cell leukemia. The patient eventually died approximately 1 month after the diagnosis.
ADAM10 modulates the efficacy of T‐cell‐mediated therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed ME , Miao Yu , Ming Ning , Ouyang Chenxi
Published: October 2024

T‐cell‐mediated therapeutic strategies are the most potent effectors of cancer immunotherapy. However, an essential barrier to this therapy in solid tumors is disrupting the anti‐cancer immune response, cancer‐immunity cycle, T‐cell priming, trafficking and T‐cell cytotoxic capacity. Thus, reinforcing the anti‐cancer immune response is needed to improve the effectiveness of T‐cell‐mediated therapy. Tumor‐associated protease ADAM10, endothelial cells (ECs) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells engage in complex communication via adhesion, transmigration and chemotactic mechanisms to facilitate an anti‐cancer immune response. The precise impact of ADAM10 on the intricate mechanisms underlying these interactions remains unclear. This paper broadly explores how ADAM10, through different routes, influences the efficacy of T‐cell‐mediated therapy. ADAM10 cleaves CD8+ T‐cell‐targeting genes and impacts their expression and specificity. In addition, ADAM10 mediates the interactions of adhesion molecules with T cells and influences CD8+ T‐cell activity and trafficking. Thus, understanding the role of ADAM10 in these events may lead to innovative strategies for advancing T‐cell‐mediated therapies.
Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by autophagy and mitophagy
Authors: Gupta Suman , Cassel Suzanne L. , Sutterwala Fayyaz S. , Dagvadorj Jargalsaikhan
Published: October 2024

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that upon activation by the innate immune system drives a broad inflammatory response. The primary initial mediators of this response are pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18, both of which are in an inactive form. Formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase‐1, which cleaves pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18 and triggers the formation of gasdermin D pores. Gasdermin D pores allow for the secretion of active IL‐1β and IL‐18 initiating the organism‐wide inflammatory response. The NLRP3 inflammasome response can be beneficial to the host; however, if the NLRP3 inflammasome is inappropriately activated it can lead to significant pathology. While the primary components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are known, the precise details of assembly and activation are less well defined and conflicting. Here, we discuss several of the proposed pathways of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We examine the role of subcellular localization and the reciprocal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by autophagy. We focus on the roles of mitochondria and mitophagy in activating and regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we detail the impact of pathologic NLRP3 responses in the development and manifestations of pulmonary disease.
dbVAST: A web server for single nucleotide polymorphism variations in penaeid shrimp
Authors: Kaikkolante Nimisha , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Krishnan Karthic , Prabhudas Sudheesh Kommu , Selvababu Dinesh Babu , Jagabattula Syama Dayal , Palliyath Gangaraj Karyath , Jayaraman Roja , Koyadan Vijayan Kizhakedath , Mudagandur Shashi Shekhar
Published: October 2024

Although farmed shrimp contribute to global food security and foreign exchange, the development of genomic resources such as single nucleotide polymorphisms for these shrimp is at slow pace. Public genomic resources like Genbank and Ensembl do not host polymorphism data for shrimp. Therefore, through analysis of the short RNA‐sequence reads generated on pooled‐individual samples, using the latest bioinformatics tools, this study documents data of single nucleotide polymorphisms in two shrimp species, Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus indicus, and presents these data in a searchable user‐friendly webtool, the dbVAST. The webtool also hosts the information about the possible effects that the variations could have on the functioning of the coded protein. This is the first open‐access SNP database of shrimp intended to benefit researchers and academicians by showcasing variations in shrimp transcripts.
Is sinus rhythm maintenance after repeat catheter ablation effective in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
Authors: Egami Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Sugino Ayako , Abe Masaru , Osuga Mizuki , Nohara Hiroaki , Kawanami Shodai , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Yasumoto Koji , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami
Published: October 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance (SRM) after catheter ablation (CA) of AF (AFCA) in HFpEF has shown to reduce adverse events as compared to medical treatment. However, it remains unclear whether SRM after a repeat CA for recurrent AF has the same effect as SRM after the initial CA in patients with AF and HFpEF.

Methods and Results

We studied 244 AF patients with HFpEF who maintained SR after repeat AFCA (repeat CA‐SRM group, n = 54) and initial AFCA (initial CA‐SRM group, n = 190). HFpEF were defined as HFA‐PEFF score of 5 or 6 and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% before the initial CA. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, or strokes within 3 years after the initial or repeat CA. The incidence of the primary endpoint was similar between the repeat CA‐SRM and initial CA‐SRM groups (3 of 54 [5.6%] vs. 8 of 190 [4.2%], p = .423 by a log‐rank test). There was no significant difference in the 12‐month HFA‐PEFF score and the proportion of a 12‐month HFA‐PEFF score <5 between the repeat CA‐SRM and the initial CA‐SRM groups (5 [4,6] vs. 5 [4,6], p = .915, and 46% vs. 35%, p = .426, respectively).

Conclusions

In patients with AF and HFpEF diagnosed by HFA‐PEFF score, the primary endpoint of all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalizations, and strokes was similar between the repeat CA‐SRM and initial CA‐SRM groups.