bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de proyectos de investigación científica en el contexto Norte-Sur
Authors: Ferrufino Lilian , Martínez Eva , Arévalo Ana Carolina
Published: August 2018

Los países del hemisferio norte tienen tecnología para el desarrollo de estudios científicos. Sin embargo, los países de América Central se han debilitado por la falta de tecnología. La preparación académica en los países del hemisferio sur es muy competitiva, ya que los estudiantes realizan una tesis que los hace adecuados para postular directamente a estudios de doctorado en América del Norte y Europa. Sin embargo, el número de becas de pregrado y posgrado ha disminuido en el hemisferio sur.
Análisis de la proteína hidrolizada extraída del tejido de la curvina y la tilapia en el alimento del camarón
Authors: Carranza Edgar Osiris , Velásquez Rulbin Ariel , Rivas Ariel Fernando
Published: August 2018

La industria del camarón en Honduras registra un área de producción de 22,748 hectáreas que demandan un consumo anual de 80,000 toneladas métricas de alimento balanceado, este es un insumo de producción con alto costo para el productor. Durante el cultivo, peces como la curvina y la tilapia que crecen simultáneamente con el camarón y por su pequeño tamaño en la cosecha del camarón estas especies no son aprovechados, se considera que uno de los métodos más económicos para aprovechar estos recursos es el hidrolizado de pescado. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del hidrolizado de la curvina y la tilapia en el alimento balanceado sobre el desempeño productivo del camarón. Se usaron nueve acuarios de 37 L, sembrando 12 camarones con pesos iniciales de 3.6 g, las proteínas hidrolizadas fueron extraídas de tejidos de peces de curvina y tilapia. Se manejaron tres tratamientos que consistieron en a.) alimentar los camarones con el alimento balanceado más el extracto hidrolizado de la curvina, b.) alimento balanceado más el hidrolizado de tilapia y c.) solo alimento balanceado. Cada tratamiento fue manejado en una proporción triplicada. La mayor atractabilidad se observó en los camarones alimentados con el balanceado más el hidrolizado de tilapia (P<0.0001). Los camarones son más voraces en horas de la mañana que por la tarde. Los crecimientos, factor de conversión alimenticia y tasa específica de crecimiento (P<0.001) fueron más favorables en los animales alimentados con el hidrolizado de tilapia. Las mejores supervivencias se observaron en los camarones que consumieron los hidrolizados de pescado.
El estado nutricional y su relación con la actividad física, el nivel socioeconómico y el rendimiento académico
Authors: Milla Karin Jacqueline , Valle Renata Marcela
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el estado nutricional con la actividad física, nivel socioeconómico y rendimiento académico de los alumnos de la carrera de Química y Farmacia de la UNAH en el tercer período 2014.Método: Estudio correlacional y transversal, de una muestra de 198 alumnos, de edades entre 17 a 30 años. Datos recolectados mediante cuestionarios validados de: datos generales, medidas antropométricas, recordatorio de 24 horas, índice global, nivel de actividad física y socioeconómica. En las pruebas el nivel de significación empleado fue de 0.01.Resultados: Según el Índice de masa corporal (IMC) el 13% tiene peso insuficiente, 20.2% sobrepeso y 7.6% obesidad, de acuerdo al índice de cintura cadera (ICC) el 41% tienen riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), los varones mostraron mayor grasa corporal, no presentan las diferencias propias de los patrones según el sexo. La dieta no es balanceada, es monótona, alta en proteínas, carbohidratos, baja en grasas, consumo de pescados, mariscos, frutas y verduras. La ingesta hídrica es menor a lo recomendado en 80% de los alumnos, 44% ingiere 4 comidas al día. El balance energético es negativo (79.3%) y la distribución calórica es inadecuada. Las pruebas bioquímicas reflejan un buen estado nutricional, el 44% presentan un valor menor de lo normal de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). La actividad física fue ligera en el 70% de los alumnos. El rendimiento académico es bueno en 77% y el nivel socioeconómico es medio en 57%.Conclusión: No se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables.
Efecto de bioplaguicidas sobre la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades foliares y componentes de rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Santa Rosa de Copán
Authors: Mejía Kevin Jarod
Published: August 2018

El daño causado por plagas y enfermedades es uno de los principales factores que afectan la producción a nivel nacional del frijol (P. vulgaris) ya que atacan todos los órganos y etapas de crecimiento, producción y almacén. Con objetivo de evaluar el efecto de bioplaguicidas sobre la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades foliares en frijol común (P. vulgaris) en Santa Rosa de Copán durante la campaña de enero-abril de 2017, se realizaron dos ensayos. El primero consistió en evaluar el control de los bioplaguicidas sobre la incidencia de plagas; y en el segundo se valoró la incidencia y severidad de enfermedades foliares, ambos casos se contrastaron bioplaguicidas con un testigo químico y uno absoluto, la aplicación de los mismos se realizó en las fases V4 (vegetativa) y R5 (regenerativa, prefloración). Las variables consideradas estuvieron encaminadas a evaluar las plagas, las enfermedades más comunes que aparecieron en campo, y las variables de rendimiento. Los resultados reflejaron diferencia estadística significativa con respecto a P_0.05, donde las plagas con mayor frecuencia fueron Salta hojas (Empoasca kraemeri), Mosca blanca (Bemishia tabaci), Diabróticas (Diabrotica balteata), a la vez se registró presencia de controladores biológicos como fue Orius insidosus; las enfermedades con mayor presencia fueron Mancha angular (Phaseoisariopsis griseola) y Roya (Uromyces appendiculatus). En las variables de rendimiento se encontró diferencia estadística significativa con respecto al testigo absoluto. En base a los resultados obtenidos en ambos ensayos se recomienda usar Engeo 24.7 SC a 1L.ha-1 y Amistar xtra 28 SC a misma dosis de forma preventiva.
Enfermedad asociada a Clostridium difficile (EACD) en el Hospital Escuela Universitario y el IHSS. Enero a mayo 2016
Authors: Arias Miriam Esther , Ramirez Tzoc Edgardo , Hidalgo Fanny
Published: August 2018

Clostridium difficile es una bacteria Gram positiva anaerobia, productora de esporas responsable de la diarrea asociada al uso de antibióticos, en últimos años se han reportado brotes dentro de hospitales a nivel mundial. La enfermedad asociada a C. difficile (EACD) puede manifestarse de diferentes formas, entre las que destaca una inflamación del colon que se manifiesta como un cuadro diarreico que aparece frecuentemente tras el uso de antimicrobianos, especialmente clindamicina, cefalosporinas y fluoroquinolonas. Durante los meses de enero a mayo de 2016 se realizó un estudio descriptivo en los hospitales Escuela Universitario e IHSS. El objetivo general del estudio fue analizar las características microbiológicas y epidemiológicas de la enfermedad asociada a Clostridium difficile en pacientes con sospecha clínica en Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social y Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa, enero-mayo 2016 de ambos hospitales. El análisis microbiológico consistió en la detección de las toxinas A y B de la bacteria mediante una prueba serológica de inmunocromatografía y mediante el aislamiento por cultivo anaerobio. El análisis epidemiológico se hizo mediante la recolección de información de los pacientes en fichas epidemiológicas, previamente se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de cada paciente. Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron una prevalencia puntual para el periodo de 23 7% de acuerdo con la prueba diagnóstica y los factores de riesgo asociados más frecuentes fueron la edad avanzada, un promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 55 años y el 41% de los pacientes confirmados fueron de la tercera edad. Asimismo, el amplio uso de antimicrobianos como la clindamicina y las cefalosporinas en 33 y 60 % respectivamente se manifiesta como un factor decisivo para el desarrollo de las EACD. En conclusión, C. difficile es una bacteria que se encuentra en los principales centros asistenciales de nuestro país, su asociación como agente causal de infecciones y enfermedad intrahospitalaria está bien establecida. La ocurrencia de la enfermedad se relaciona con las condiciones de infraestructura que facilitan su colonización y transmisión.
Geohelmintiasis e hiper-IgE en escolares de un área rural y un área urbana de Honduras entre septiembre 2014 a junio 2015
Authors: Rodríguez Carol Anahelka , Rueda Maria Mercedes , Canales Maritza , Matamoros Gabriela Maria , Saamir García Joel , Gabrie Antonio , Sánchez Ana Lourdes
Published: August 2018

Introducción: Los helmintos transmitidos por el suelo (geohelmintos) son parásitos intestinales que polarizan el sistema inmune hacia una respuesta caracterizada por altos valores circulantes de Inmunoglobulina E (IgE). Honduras no tiene datos recientes que demuestren este fenómeno biológico.Objetivos: Determinar la asociación entre infecciones por geohelmintos con hiper-IgE, comparando escolares de una zona rural y una urbana de Honduras.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionaron dos comunidades, una con alta prevalencia de geohelmintos (>50%) y otra con baja prevalencia de geohelmintos (<20%). Se realizaron entrevistas a los participantes para identificar su edad e historia de desparasitación. Para determinar la prevalencia de parásitos se recolectaron muestras de heces y se procesaron con el método de Kato- Katz y Acetato de etilo. Para determinar los niveles de IgE sérica se tomó muestras sanguíneas y el suero se procesó utilizando la tecnología MagPIX® (kit de Bio-Plex Pro_IgE humana). De acuerdo con este método el límite de detección para la IgE sérica es de 0.040 ng/ml. Aprobación ética CEI/MEIZ. Análisis estadístico paramétrico y no paramétrico.Resultados: Se estudiaron 73 niños del área rural y 71 del área urbana, de los cuales 35 (47.9%) y 5 (7%) estaban parasitados con una o más especie de geohelmintos (Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostomatídeos), respectivamente. Ocho participantes (<6%) presentaron infecciones moderadas a severas. La población rural presentó 94.5% (69) de hiper-IgE en contraste con la población urbana con 63.5% (45), (p <0,001). Limitaciones: no se cuenta con antecedentes de procesos alérgicos relacionados con IgE.Conclusiones: Se logró determinar que existe una diferencia significativa en los niveles de IgE de los niños parasitados con geohelmintos entre la población rural y urbana. Esto puede explicar la disminución de reacciones alérgicas en las poblaciones mayormente expuestas a estos parásitos, lo cual podría comprobarse realizando estudios de IgE específica para los HTS.
Análisis de habilidades demostrativas que evidencian estudiantes de matemáticas de la UNAH
Authors: Méndez Oyuela David Fernando
Published: August 2018

En este estudio se pretende identificar y analizar habilidades que debe tener un estudiante para poder desarrollar la habilidad de realizar demostraciones matemáticas en el nivel de pregrado. Para ello, se realizó un estudio con estudiantes de la asignatura de Estructuras Algebraicas I del programa en Matemáticas en el nivel de Licenciatura de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Con esto se pretende identificar dichas aptitudes, analizar si es posible potenciarlas y de qué manera se puede realizar tal tarea.
Mejores prácticas y la productividad, su relación en operaciones de concreto en edificaciones hondureñas 2015
Authors: Recarte Guillermo A.
Published: August 2018

La Carrera de Ingeniería Civil y la MICGP siguiendo una línea de investigación establecida desarrolló un estudio con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre la implementación de las mejores prácticas administrativas, propuestas por el Instituto de la Industria de la Construcción (CII), y la productividad en operaciones de concreto observada por el equipo administrativo en proyectos de edificación en Honduras durante el período del 2014 al 2015. Para este propósito, se consultó a miembros del equipo administrativo de 15 proyectos de construcción de edificios multifamiliares, comerciales, y hospitales en San Pedro Sula y Tegucigalpa; con un costo de construcción superior a los 10 millones de lempiras. Los resultados de la encuesta, luego de ser procesados, los instrumentos mostraron evidencia de confiabilidad y validez en la prueba piloto y en la consulta, posteriormente, se aplicaron herramientas estadísticas descriptivas y prueba de correlación no paramétrica de Sperman.La evidencia muestra que aunque en los equipos administrativos de las construcciones estudiadas existe muy poca a ninguna implementación de estas prácticas, existe una relación entre la mayor implementación de las prácticas y mejores desempeños productivos en las operaciones de concreto, resulta más evidente en los datos provenientes de proyectos del Municipio del Distrito Central, probablemente por ser proporcionados por representantes del constructor. Por lo que se concluyó que la edificación hondureña mejoraría significativamente su desempeño de impulsar la implementación de dichas prácticas.
Valoración de parámetros químicos del agua en pozos de la UNAH durante 2016
Authors: Reyes Alexander , Godoy Marcela , Pineda David
Published: August 2018

El presente proyecto de investigación está orientado a hacer una valoración de los parámetros químicos del agua de pozos empleada en Ciudad Universitaria, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, durante un periodo comprendido entre 2015-2016. El objetivo primordial es determinar si el agua cumple al 100% con los requisitos mínimos de calidad para su uso humano. En caso de no cumplir con esta norma, se buscó identificar alteraciones en sus valores definidos como normales y evaluar su posible impacto en la salud de la comunidad. El muestreo se llevó a cabo en dos momentos del año: temporada seca y temporada con lluvias. La metodología y la parte analítica fueron llevadas a cabo por el laboratorio certificado del Servicio Nacional Autónomo de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (SANAA). Los resultados arrojaron datos de alteración principalmente en valores considerados secundarios en normas de calidad del agua. Los datos fuera de los parámetros normales son: Conductividad eléctrica, dureza total, Sulfatos, Nitrógeno amoniacal y el Hierro. Los efectos de una alta concentración salina y de sulfatos no están bien marcados por la guía de calidad de la OMS (2006) sin embargo, se han reportados algunos efectos nocivos sobre la salud de las personas con respecto a un alto contenido de sulfatos que se relaciona con un efecto laxante. Otro efecto dañino del alto contenido de sales estaría relacionado con la pobre calidad del agua en sus datos organolépticos y posibles daños en las tuberías del sistema de abastecimiento del campus.
Influencia publicitaria por redes sociales en las compras de consumidores jóvenes del Distrito Central, 2016
Authors: Eiamwasant Sunee , Cáceres Berlín , Cruz Bessy
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia de la publicidad a través de redes sociales en el comportamiento de compras de los jóvenes indicados inicialmente; basándose en el aumento del uso del Internet y de redes sociales.Se investigó el uso que le dan a las mismas y si las empresas las utilizan para influenciar, persuadir, informar y motivar a su mercado meta a adquirir productos y servicios. Se utilizó el método de investigación objetivista, con un diseño mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo), utilizando como técnica cualitativa el grupo focal y del diseño cuantitativo la encuesta y la observación estructurada; entrevistando un total de 385 usuarios de redes sociales, distribuidos 52% hombres y 48% mujeres.Concluimos que los usuarios de redes sociales las utilizan un 93% diariamente; 90% para socializar, 34% para informarse de nuevos productos, 29% para realizar compras y 23% con fines laborales. Denotando que la publicidad que más se destaca en este medio, es la publicidad de marca; misma que se centra en el desarrollo de la identidad e imagen corporativa y el producto, obteniendo que 81% de los entrevistados manifiesta que es la que más llama su atención y es utilizada por las empresas para reforzar la experiencia de compra.Los empresarios participantes en el grupo focal indicaron que hacen uso de las siguientes redes sociales: Facebook, Instagram y Twitter para realizar publicidad de sus productos.
Caracterización de las investigaciones financiadas con fondos concursables en la UNAH, 2013-2017
Authors: Buitrago Lesbia Jeanette
Published: August 2018

Este artículo analiza las investigaciones realizadas en la UNAH con fondos concursables entre los años 2013 y 2017. Se analiza la metodología más empleada en las investigaciones elaboradas por Facultades y Centros Regionales. Así como los temas prioritarios los que más se ha investigado y finaliza con la descripción de la realización de las investigaciones por género, año, Facultad y/o Centro Regional, de un total de 239 investigaciones realizadas en el período indicado. Es un estudio cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo.Entre los hallazgos destacados están que las investigaciones financiadas se han enmarcado mayoritariamente en los temas prioritarios de la UNAH números 8 (Cultura, Ciencia y Educación por un lado); y 9 (Salud, Estado y Sociedad). Las investigaciones financiadas por la UNAH durante dicho período se caracterizan por ser mayoritariamente de enfoque cuantitativo y realizadas por mujeres; a las que se suman las realizadas por equipos en los que participaron ambos géneros.
An Intersectional Feminist Perspective on LGBTQ Youth in Foster Care: Implications for Service Providers
Authors: Nourie Amy E. , Harris Victor W.
Published: August 2018

LGBTQ children are overrepresented in the foster care system in the United States. These children are also at higherrisk for homelessness and suicide. While there are some legal protections for this population, more research andadvocacy are needed to help these young people thrive despite their situations. An intersectional feminist perspectiveon advocacy and queer theory could change the landscape of political activism and training for child welfareprofessionals. In this article, three activist approaches to training are discussed as ways to revolutionize advocacy andtreatment of LGBTQ youth in child welfare. The authors propose 1) providing intersectional and feminist principles inchild welfare diversity training modules, 2) including the exploration of self-identity in these trainings, and 3)developing a better understanding of how heteronormative bias and perceptions of deviance can be perpetuated.
Association of the Graft Size and Arthrofibrosis in Young Patients After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Su Alvin W. , Storey Eileen P. , Lin Shuai-Chun , Forst Benjamin , Lawrence J. Todd , Ganley Theodore J. , Wells Lawrence
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

This study investigated the association of graft-related surgical factors and patient characteristics with the odds of arthrofibrosis after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R).

Methods:

A retrospective case-control study assessed consecutive patients who underwent primary ACL-R in one tertiary pediatric hospital. Each arthrofibrosis case was matched to three controls for sex, calendar year, and age at the time of ACL-R, as well as the primary surgeon. Conditional multivariable logistic regression assessed the independent association of graft diameter, time from injury to ACL-R, concomitant knee pathologies, and body mass index.

Results:

Twenty arthrofibrosis cases of 1,121 ACL-R patients (incidence 1.8%) were matched to 60 controls resulting in the mean age of 14.5 years. An increase of 1 mm graft diameter was associated with 3.2-times increased odds of arthrofibrosis. Other variables were not independently associated with arthrofibrosis.

Conclusion:

For young patients, the decision on the graft size must consider the possibility of arthrofibrosis with a larger graft versus reinjury with a smaller graft.
A Positive Education Program to Promote Wellbeing in Schools: A Case Study from a Hong Kong School
Authors: Au Wai Chun Cherry , Kennedy Kerry John
Published: August 2018

Students’ mental health is an alarming issue in Hong Kong, thereby increasing concern from psychologists, who attempted to implement positive education programs to equip students with skills to counteract mental health problems. This study followed the practice from positive psychology and conducted a Flourishing Life program based on the framework of the PERMA model in a secondary setting. The aims of the present paper are two-fold: to report the effort of the program and to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. A mixed-method sequential explanatory research design, including survey (n = 495) and subsequent two focus-group interviews (n = 8), was adopted to assess the program’s effectiveness. Results indicated that Forms Two and Three students (Grades 8 and 9) benefited more from the program than the Form One students (Grade 7). Overall, students reported that they had benefitted from the program. Findings provide supporting evidence to the whole-school approach program that operated effectively within the existing curriculum. This research may provide a direction for school curriculum leaders to promote students’ wellbeing by infusing essence from positive psychology to the school curriculum.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: John Albert
Published: August 2018

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 3 Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USAAhmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, NigeriaAhmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, TurkeyAsghari Gul, Comsats IIT, PakistanAyodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South AfricaGreg Peters, University of Findlay, USAK. Ishara Silva, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USAKhaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology, Saudi ArabiaLaila A. Abouzeid, Mansoura University, EgyptMadduri Srinivasarao, Purdue University, USAMaolin Lu, Yale University, USAMohamed Abass, Ain Shams University, EgyptMustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, TurkeyNanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, JapanNejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, TunisiaNisha Saxena, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, IndiaPrathapan Sreedharan, Cochin University, IndiaPraveen Kumar, Texas Tech University, USAPriyanka Singh, University of Iowa, USAQun Ye, Institute of Materials Reseach and Engineering, SingaporeR. K. Dey, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), IndiaRodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, BrazilSyed A. A. Rizvi, Nova Southeastern University, USAThirupathi Barla, Harvard University, USAVijay Ramalingam, Columbia University, USA       Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education
Internal Financial Risk Management In Microfinance Companies: A Case Study Of Akuapem Rural Bank, Ghana
Authors: Davis Rebecca , Donkoh Elvis K. , Mawah Bernard , Amonoo Blessed
Published: August 2018

The operations of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Ghana have recently come under serious public scrutiny. This position was fairly caused by Bank of Ghana’s (BOG’s) announcement regarding 70 microfinance companies whose provisional licenses were revoked BOG (2016). This led to the closure of DKM Diamond Microfinance and some other microfinance companies in the country. This worsening circumstance surrounding the microfinance industry calls for the need to provide practical knowledge on the use of financial analysis tools to manage internal financial risks of the microfinance industry. Data from Akuapem Rural Bank (AKRB) financial statements for the period of 2008 to 2015 (refer to appendix) was analysed using regression analysis, descriptive statistics, trend analysis and ratios. It was observed that the profitability of AKRB is greatly influenced by credit risks, bank size, interest income growth and debt-ratio. The study also revealed that AKRB had comprehensive and adequate risk management structures in place in managing its credit and other operational risks.
Adaptação de um protocolo para avaliação do bem-estar de cães (Canis familiaris) da Polícia Militar
Authors: Macedo da Silva Amanda , Sant'Anna Aline Cristina
Published: August 2018

Com o presente estudo objetivou-se propor um protocolo para a avaliação do bem-estar de cães utilizados em atividades policiais, a partir de uma adaptação do protocolo Shelter Quality (SQ, Barnard et al., 2014), visando fornecer uma ferramenta para mensuração da qualidade de vida destes animais. Participaram do estudo 11 cães pertencentes ao canil do Pelotão de Policiamento com Cães da 4ª Cia PM Independente de Policiamento Especializado, Juiz de Fora, MG. O estudo foi dividido em: a) adaptação do protocolo SQ para avaliação do bem-estar dos cães; b) descrição da rotina de trabalho dos cães. Os indicadores de bem-estar presentes no protocolo SQ foram Organizados em três níveis de registro: medidas tomadas para o canil (tipo de alojamento, frequência de exercício, taxas de mortalidade e morbidade, manejo alimentar), medidas nos boxes (espaço disponível, tipo de cama, presença de superfície pontiaguda, fornecimento de água, conforto térmico e nível de latidos) e medidas obtidas nos animais, considerando cada indivíduo como uma unidade amostral (condição corporal, limpeza dos animais, condição do tegumento, claudicação, problemas respiratórios, evidência de dor, diarreia, comportamento anormal, reação ao ser humano e estados emocionais). Por tratar-se de uma pesquisa metodológica e descritiva, os dados foram analisados de modo predominantemente qualitativo. De acordo com os resultados, o protocolo SQ foi aplicável e ofereceu informações relevantes sobre o bem-estar dos cães. No entanto, o mesmo foi considerado incompleto, sendo necessária a inclusão de indicadores adicionais para que contemplasse um maior número de pontos críticos do bem-estar de cães de trabalho; são eles: manejo sanitário, transporte dos cães, higiene dos boxes, disponibilidade de enriquecimento ambiental, local de permanência dos cães durante a limpeza e manutenção dos boxes e socialização dos cães. Quanto à rotina dos cães, a carga horária de policiamento variou de 2 h a 10 h de trabalho semanal/animal, variando de 0 a 4 saídas semanais para policiamento, além de 0 a 160 minutos semanais de recreação fora dos boxes. Embora tenha sido elaborado para avaliação do bem-estar de cães de abrigo, o protocolo SQ foi exequível e prático para a avaliação de cães de trabalho militar. Foi necessário, porém, realizar algumas adaptações para sua melhor adequação às condições de canis militares.
Expressão do comportamento de proteção materna em bovinos: uma revisão
Authors: De Oliveira Costa Franciely , Da Silva Valente Tiago , Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa Mateus José , Del Campo Marcia
Published: August 2018

Na cadeia produtiva de bovinos de corte é reconhecida a importância do comportamento materno para a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento do bezerro recém-nascido. Neste caso, o sucesso da atividade depende de alguns componentes do comportamento materno, dentre eles as relações estabelecidas entre a vaca e o bezerro nas primeiras horas após o parto, a aquisição de imunidade pela ingestão do colostro, o suprimento adequado de leite e a proteção ativa da cria contra eventuais predadores. Este último é conhecido como comportamento de proteção materna, que é caracterizado como a reação das vacas frente à presença de potenciais predadores, incluindo humanos. Após o parto, as vacas podem expressar diferentes comportamentos, desde rejeição do bezerro, que representaria uma falha na formação do vínculo natural entre mãe e filho, até comportamentos de proteção materna muito intensos. Alguns procedimentos de manejo importantes para os bezerros são realizados no primeiro dia após o parto, tais como verificar se houve ingestão do colostro, desinfecção do umbigo, identificação dos bezerros, dentre outros. Se durante esse manejo os vaqueiros são percebidos como potenciais ameaças, uma vaca muito protetora pode expressar comportamentos agressivos em relação a eles na tentativa de proteger sua cria, aumentando o risco de acidentes com ambos, vaqueiro e bezerro. Assim, embora o comportamento de proteção materna seja uma característica desejável, é possível que se torne um risco para a segurança dos trabalhadores. Nesta revisão será abordada a questão do comportamento de proteção materna em bovinos de corte, sua relação com a reatividade ao manejo, e potenciais implicações no desempenho dos bezerros à luz dos resultados das pesquisas realizadas até o momento.
Exploring genetic programming systems with MAP-Elites
Authors: Dolson Emily , Lalejini Alexander , Ofria Charles
Published: August 2018

MAP-Elites is an evolutionary computation technique that has proven valuable for exploring and illuminating the genotype-phenotype space of a computational problem. In MAP-Elites, a population is structured based on phenotypic traits of prospective solutions; each cell represents a distinct combination of traits and maintains only the most fit organism found with those traits. The resulting map of trait combinations allows the user to develop a better understanding of how each trait relates to fitness and how traits interact. While MAP-Elites has not been demonstrated to be competitive for identifying the optimal Pareto front, the insights it provides do allow users to better understand the underlying problem. In particular, MAP-Elites has provided insight into the underlying structure of problem representations, such as the value of connection cost or modularity to evolving neural networks. Here, we extend the use of MAP-Elites to examine genetic programming representations, using aspects of program architecture as traits to explore. We demonstrate that MAP-Elites can generate programs with a much wider range of architectures than other evolutionary algorithms do (even those that are highly successful at maintaining diversity), which is not surprising as this is the purpose of MAP-Elites. Ultimately, we propose that MAP-Elites is a useful tool for understanding why genetic programming representations succeed or fail and we suggest that it should be used to choose selection techniques and tune parameters.
Methotrexate in Unruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: Comparing the Single- and Double-dose Treatment
Authors: Navali Nazli , Jabbari Asl Nasim , Moosavi Sanaz
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) poses a great threat to pregnant women, and in case of misdiagnosis could lead to catastrophic death of the patients. EP patients tend to be treated with surgical or non-surgical treatments. One of the most common therapies in managing EP is Methotrexate (MTX), which the efficacy of its single- and double-dose treatments will be evaluated in this study. Methods: One-hundred and twenty patients with EP, diagnosed in AL-Zahra hospital in Tabriz, Iran, were involved in the study and were divided, randomly, into two groups of 60 (though 4 of the patients in the second group left the study due to discontent, afterwards). For the first group 50 milligrams (mg) of intramuscular (IM) single-dose MTX was prescribed, while for the second group two doses of 50 mg IM MTX were prescribed. The levels of β-hCG were evaluated before the treatment, in the fourth and seventh days, and second and fourth weeks after the treatment. In addition, sonographic findings, clinical symptoms before the treatment, and side effects after treatment were recorded. Results: Success rate for the single-dose group was 85%, while for the double-dose group was 94.6%. However, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. In addition, there were no significant relations between 2 groups in endometrial thickness, presence of abdominal free fluid and gestational age with the success rate. Regardless, the initial level of β-hCG was an indicator of treatment success rate. In patients with double-dose MTX, required period of time for β-hCG levels to reduce down to zero was significantly lower than the other group. Cut-off point for success rate with single-dose MTX was 3350, with the sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 76.5% and for the other group it was 3894.5, with the sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 71.7%. Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between single- and double-dose MTX groups in treating EP. The initial levels of β-hCG and mass size were the only factors to predict the treatment success rate. Double-dose regimen lowered β-hCG down to zero earlier than single-dose. Based on Cut-off points, while the initial β-hCG level was below 3350, single-dose treatment was efficient, whereas, between 3350 and 3894.5, double-dose treatment
The Relationship between Eccentric Occlusion with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and Para-functional Habits among Dentistry Students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2017
Authors: Pournasrollah Alireza , Eslami Hosein , Fakhrzadeh Vahid , Dabaghi-Tabriz Fatemeh , Rahbar Mahdi , Khadem-neghad Sahar , Rahmani Masud
Published: August 2018

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between side occlusion with temporomandibular joint problems (TMD) and parafunctional habits among Dentistry Students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this cross - sectional study, 98 students from the School of Dentistry of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected, and the occlusion was also examined. Data from the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test software SPSS 17. Results: In this study, 16.33 % of population had Group function occlusion, 13.23 % had Anterior Group function occlusion and 70.4 % had canine raise occlusion. 3.1% of people had functional Paralympic symptoms of Bruxism and 6.1 % were marked with Parafunctional clenching. The study population consisted, all patients with Group function occlusion that had para-functional habits. However, in patients with canine raised occlusion, 63.3 % para-functional habit parameters, 2 % has Bruxism and 1.5 % had clenching. Conclusions: a significant relationship was not observed between side occlusion with parafunctional habits and TMD problems among students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Hearing in Children with Phenylketonuria
Authors: Shiva Siamak , Jabbari Moghaddam Yalda
Published: August 2018

Background: Phenylalanine is an essential Acid Amine participates in protein synthesis by tyrosine. High levels of phenylalanine in the body lead to the production of large quantities of phenyl ketone, which is excreted through urine and that is why it called as Phenylketonuria. A defect of IQ and attention, visual ability and speech processing in this patient. the aim of this study was hearing threshold evaluation of this patient. Method: In a cross-sectional, descriptive study auditory brain stem responses and otoacoustic emission of patients from 1 to13 years and control group age range of 1 to 14 years evaluated. Results: In 31 patients (62%) delay in ABR waves were outside of the normal range but the overall mean of all waves had in the normal range and the average interval of waves in patients with delay in treatment delay was more than patients group with early treatment. Conclusion: delayed-treatment was faced with more delays in the intervals between ABR waves, although statistically was not significant.
A Silent Congenital Ethmoidal Encephalocele Progressing into Frontoethmoidal Meningoencephalocele with Episodic Seizures in Adulthood: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Xiang , Ai Xiaolin , A. Richard Seidu , Xu Jianguo
Published: August 2018

Background: Frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele (FEM) is rare congenital malformations that has specific geographic distribution. This condition is depicted with herniation of brain tissue as well as meninges via a defect in the cranium at the frontal, orbital, nasal as well as ethmoidal regions. Although several cases have been reported, none of them have a silent and progressive nature with episodic seizures. Case Presentation: We present a 20-year-old man with a swelling on the nasal bridge which was notice a few years after birth. The swelling initially progressed slowly without any symptoms from childhood through adolescents. Both CT scan and MRI revealed a defect in cranium at the frontal and ethmoidal regions with herniation of meninges and brain matter into the nasal cavity but no fistula. We successfully reduced the encephalocele as well as watertight closed the dura mater. The skull defect repaired, and left orbital defect also reconstructed via surgery. Conclusions: Aflatoxins, generated by one genus of a defective fungi, aspergillus could be responsible for the development of this malformation. We suggest that pregnant women in areas with high incidence of the malformation be screen thorough with ultrasound scan to detect the malformation earlier. We also suggest that further studies on the malformation be geared toward using 3D ultrasound to study the pathophysiology of this malformation.
Intraoral Surgical Management of the Multiple Giant Submandibular Sialolithiasis
Authors: Yazdani Javad , Afzali Mehr Atena , Hashemi Mohsen , Abdolahi Tanaz , Ahmadpour Farzin
Published: August 2018

Sialolithiasis is considered one of the most common diseases of the salivary gland, mainly affects submandibular glands. In the current case, a 57‑year‑old male complaining of a tender solid mass in the right sublingual area was cadidate to undergo surgical treatment. The patient suffered swelling and pain for 11 months. Imaging revealed multiple unilateral salivary stones in the submandibular glands. The sialoliths were removed through intraoral approach under local anesthesia. Examination revealed four sialoliths, one of them sized larger than 37 mm in length. Beside those giant sialolithes, what makes this case is unique is the patient’s endocrine disorder, the secondary hyperparathyroidism. So it would be plausible to consider checking possible endocrine and electrolyte imbalance in such cases alongside correct selection of surgical treatment plane.
The Most Accurate and Fastest Method for Measurement of Vena Contracta Area by Direct Planimetry 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Toufan Mehrnoush , Ashouri Dina
Published: August 2018

Dear Editor, Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is a powerful tool for assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) [1]. However, it bears several major disadvantages. Evidence suggests that measurement of the vena contracta area (VCA) via a three-dimensional (3D) method is significantly more accurate than 2D methods in the quantification of MR since the 2D method is not sufficiently reliable in calculation of VC diameter because of  circular assumption of VC area [2]. VCA direct planimetry (DP) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)-derived VCA are direct and reliable methods to quantify MR severity, and their results are comparable with those of 2D integrative method [2, 3]. It is strongly recommended that these methods especially DP can replace 2D methods in the quantification of MR in the clinical practice, as it is more accurate and easy to perform [3].
Compare the Effects of Epinephrine and Vasopressin in Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Authors: Shams Vahdati Samad , Nejabatian Azra , Rahmani Farzad , Habibollahi Paria , Sepehri Majd Pegah
Published: August 2018

Background: There is a conflict in the superiority of each of the vasopressin and epinephrine compared to the other. Vasopressin has a vasoconstrictive action that results in an increase of the coronary perfusion pressure. Due to the expensive and sometimes scarce of vasopressin in most hospitals, this study aims to evaluate the response rate of vasopressin compared with epinephrine, in return of ROSC. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study all patients in the emergency medicine department were enrolled in the study suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation will be done instantly for them (According to the guidelines AHA 2010). Their data were extracted from the hospital records and the success rate of recovery, 3-month survival and complications in patients recovering from the drug used during the CPR were analyzed. Results: A total of 61 patients record were analyzed. 31 patients had received epinephrine alone and 30 patients received a combination of epinephrine and vasopressin. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of sex, sepsis, hypovolemia, renal failure, cancers, drug toxicity, brady, dysrhythmia, PEA, VT, VF, defibrillator, duration of CPR and three month outcome. The mean time of CPR in combination of epinephrine and vasopressin group was 27.26±12.72 and the mean time of CPR in epinephrine group was 27.24±13.510 (p-value= 0.99).Conclusion: Among patients with in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in this study no statistically significant difference was obtained between the results of treatment with epinephrine alone and combination of epinephrine and vasopressin.
Determinants of Audit Service Quality Perceptions of Supervisory Directors in Dutch Corporations
Authors: Ghebremichael Asmerom Atewebrhan
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of key quality attributes in the audit context on supervisory directors’ assessment of audit quality. To this end, we identified, through survey questionnaires, audit quality attributes and dimensions (in terms of both their technical and service dimensions) based on the perception of supervisory board members in a sample of large and medium Dutch corporations. Factor analysis of the audit quality attributes produced four quality dimensions related to the core outcome of the audit service (auditor competence and independence) and five quality dimensions related to the relational (service) aspect. The paper, further, discusses the influence of these quality dimensions on the assessment of overall audit quality. The findings indicate that the technical and functional quality dimensions identified in this study do influence supervisory directors’ perception of overall audit quality. The findings have both theoretical and policy implications. Our emphasis on supervisory board members, as current de jure and de facto clients of auditors, is a unique contribution of this study.

Keywords: Service Quality, Audit Quality, Supervisory Directors, Functional Quality, Technical Quality, Auditor Independence, The Netherlands

To cite this document: Asmerom Atewebrhan Ghebremichael, "Determinants of Audit Service Quality Perceptions of Supervisory
Directors in Dutch Corporations", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.1, pp. 53-84, 2018.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18037
Tissue Engineered Constructs for Periodontal Regeneration: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Vaquette Cedryck , Pilipchuk Sophia P. , Bartold P. Mark , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Giannobile William V. , Ivanovski Saso
Published: August 2018

The periodontium, consisting of gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, is a hierarchically organized tissue whose primary role is to provide physical and mechanical support to the teeth. Severe cases of periodontitis, an inflammatory condition initiated by an oral bacterial biofilm, can lead to significant destruction of soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and result in compromised dental function and aesthetics. Although current treatment approaches can limit the progression of the disease by controlling the inflammatory aspect, complete periodontal regeneration cannot be predictably achieved. Various tissue engineering approaches are investigated for their ability to control the critical temporo‐spatial wound healing events that are essential for achieving periodontal regeneration. This paper reviews recent progress in the field of periodontal tissue engineering with an emphasis on advanced 3D multiphasic tissue engineering constructs (TECs) and provides a critical analysis of their regenerative potential and limitations. The review also elaborates on the future of periodontal tissue engineering, including scaffold customization for individual periodontal defects, TEC's functionalization strategies for imparting enhanced bioactivity, periodontal ligament fiber guidance, and the utilization of chair‐side regenerative solutions that can facilitate clinical translation.
Enhancing the Performance of Blue Quantum Dots Light‐Emitting Diodes through Interface Engineering with Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Authors: Wang Fuzhi , Jin Shengli , Sun Wenda , Lin Jingting , You Baogui , Li Yang , Zhang Bing , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: August 2018

Colloidal quantum dots light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) have been investigated for several decades. Compared with their green and red counterparts, the hole injection is more difficult for blue QDs due to their large optical band gap and relatively low highest occupied molecular orbital level. High‐performance blue QD‐LEDs are demonstrated by inserting a thin deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) buffer layer between hole transport layer and ZnCdS/ZnS core/shell QDs layer. This DNA buffer layer can effectively enhance the hole injection efficiency, meanwhile its high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level can help the injected electrons to be confined in the emitting layer, thus ensuring the charge balance in the QDs layer and an excellent recombination efficiency. After utilizing DNA as buffer layer, the maximum luminance is significantly increased from 10 218 to 16 655 cd m−2 and the external quantum efficiency is increased from 4.39% to 5.65%. These devices provide a saturated blue emission with emission peak located at 462 nm and full width at half maximum of 21 nm. This saturated blue emission makes it suitable for commercial applications. The results indicate that DNA is a promising material for regulating charge balance in the emitting layer for manufacturing high performance QD‐LEDs.
Planar Metasurfaces Enable High‐Efficiency Colored Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Lin , Cui Qingyu , Guo L. Jay
Published: August 2018

The achievement of perfect light absorption in ultrathin semiconductor materials is not only a long‐standing goal, but also a critical challenge for solar energy applications, and thus requires a redesigned strategy. Here, a general strategy is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally to create a planar metasurface absorber comprising a 1D ultrathin planar semiconductor film (replacing the 2D array of subwavelength elements in classical metasurfaces), a transparent spacer, and a metallic back reflector. Guided by derived formulisms, a new type of macroscopic planar metasurface absorber is experimentally demonstrated with light near‐perfectly and exclusively absorbed by the ultrathin semiconductor film. To demonstrate the power and simplicity of this strategy, a prototype of a planar metasurface solar cell is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the device model predicts that a colored planar metasurface perovskite solar cell can maintain 75% of the efficiency of its black counterpart despite the use of a perovskite film that is one order of magnitude thinner. The displayed cell colors have high purities comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art color filters, and are insensitive to viewing angles up to 60°. The general theoretical framework in conjunction with experimental demonstrations lays the foundation for designing miniaturized, planar, and multifunctional solar cells and optoelectronic devices.