bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Webcams, TV Shows and Mobile phones: Empowering Exhibitionism
Authors: Koskela Hille
Published: July 2018

The roles of visual representations have been multiplied. In contrast of being targets of the ever-increasing surveillance, people seek to play an active role in the production of images, thus, reclaiming the copyright of their own lives. In this article, three examples of this development are examined. 'Reality shows' in TV aim to create an impression of the viewer participating in crime control. Mobile phones with cameras enable individuals to become active subjects in circulating images and to participate in 'counter-surveillance'. 'Home webcams' present daily lives of individuals in the Internet, generating new subjectivities. They change the conventional code of what can or cannot be shown, and thus, expose cultural tensions surrounding epistemological conceptions of vision, gender, identities, and moralities. By revealing their intimate lives, people are liberated from shame and the 'need' to hide, which leads to something called 'empowering exhibitionism'. These deliberately produced images contest many of the conventional ways of thinking how visibility and transparency connote with power and control. To be (more) seen is not always to be less powerful. By rebelling against the shame embedded in the conception of the private, people refuse to be humble. They may gain power, but it does not head for control over others but, rather, blur and mix the lines of control. Televisualisation, cyberspace presentation, and mobile phone counter observation also raise new questions considering 'traditional' surveillance. Images can be played with, and can work as a form of resistance. Sometimes it is more radical to reveal than to hide.
The Legal Regulation of CCTV in Europe
Authors: Gras Marianne L.
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the recent history of CCTV system regulation in England and Wales questioning whether recent additions to the law can be regarded as providing for effective regulation, in particular, of camera numbers. It goes on to explore the legal landscape relating to public and private use of CCTV to subject publicly accessible space to surveillance in Germany as well as giving an overview of the regulatory systems in France, the Netherlands and Sweden. Drawing from this analysis, minimum standards for effective regulation are explored in terms of fulfilling both the letter and the spirit of laws across Europe.
"I Know Where You Live!" – Aspects of Watching, Surveillance and Social Control in a Conflict Zone (Northern Ireland)
Authors: Zurawski Nils
Published: July 2018

This article examines the special role of non-technological, everyday surveillance in Northern Ireland, and its meaning for life in the conflict laden province. It looks at the dimensions of people watching other people and how it is that the culture of conflict, which undoubtedly still exists in Northern Ireland, also produces a culture of surveillance. This culture then affects the way in which other forms of surveillance are viewed: with the introduction of CCTV into Northern Ireland, it becomes clear that many issues connected to this technology differ in comparison to other locations and cultural contexts, particularly with regard to issues of trust
Protecting Personal Data in Camera Surveillance Practices
Authors: Dubbeld Lynsey
Published: July 2018

This paper explores in which ways privacy (in particular, data protection principles) comes to the fore in the day-to-day operation of a public video surveillance system. Starting from current European legal perspectives on data protection, and building on an empirical case study, the meanings and management of privacy in the practice of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) will be discussed in order to identify the ways in which data protection is addressed in the operation of a video surveillance system. The case study suggests that views expressed by actors involved in the use of CCTV and the organisational and technical measures that have been employed, are related to a number of data protection issues, in particular principles regarding data quality. In addition, the case shows that while regulations (consisting in particular of organisational procedures) pertaining to the permissibility of data processing can be discerned in the practice of centralised CCTV, few indications exist that mechanisms taking into account data subjects' rights were established. Therefore, the system of video surveillance discussed in this paper suggests that different elements of data protection feature in different ways in the context of CCTV. This finding gives clues as to future research on privacy and camera surveillance.
Photographing Fingerprints: Data Collection and State Surveillance
Authors: Finn Jonathan
Published: July 2018

This paper examines fingerprint identification as a mode of state surveillance. Drawing on but critiquing the work of Simon Cole, it argues that the technique yielded a greater, more pervasive form of state surveillance by giving rise to new practices of data collection. This paper also highlights the photograph's role in fingerprint identification to argue for an essential transformation in law enforcement and surveillance practices announced by the intersection of fingerprinting and photography at the turn of the twentieth century. In contrast to traditional forms of visual surveillance, the collaboration of fingerprint identification and photography extended the surveillance gaze of the state in a manner often attributed to the rise of CCTV, enabling the state to bring all bodies – criminal and non-criminal alike – under surveillance. However, the unique capabilities afforded to the state through the intersection of fingerprint identification and photography remained largely theoretical until the advent of digital technologies in the 1960s and 1970s. At the start of the twenty-first century, advanced visual technologies and new media technologies reflect a restructuring of law enforcement and surveillance practices based on the aggregate collection of identification data. This paper argues that the continued photographing of fingerprints in contemporary law enforcement and state initiatives constitute heightened state surveillance and, as such, demands serious critical attention.
Observing the Observers: Researching Surveillance and Counter-Surveillance on 'Skid Row'
Authors: Kemple Thomas , Huey Laura
Published: July 2018

Using empirical research drawn from field studies on the policing of 'skid row' communities, this paper illustrates some of the theoretical, methodological and ethical problems that confront the researcher who studies surveillance and counter-surveillance within these contested settings. We begin by noting how, with the increasing use of the 'broken windows' policing model to regulate deviant individuals and to secure derelict urban spaces, researchers may be implicated in the use of surveillance and counter-surveillance by community stakeholders. Drawing examples from direct and covert field observations, field notes, and photographs, we demonstrate that there is a significant potential for the researcher to become identified as an agent of surveillance, and as a potential target of counter-surveillance, within such settings. We conclude by considering some of the theoretical, methodological and ethical implications of the researcher's complicity in these dynamics for both the conduct of surveillance studies in general, and for urban fieldwork in particular.
Studying Surveillance in Greece: Methodological and Other Problems Related to an Authoritarian Surveillance Culture
Authors: Samatas Minas
Published: July 2018

Using the example of Greek society this paper documents how the pragmatics and practicalities of 'doing surveillance studies' can itself be shaped by the unique political and social history of the society being studied. The legacy of authoritarian surveillance poses unique challenges to the practice of studying surveillance in Greece and in other post-authoritarian societies. This point is accentuated with reference to how the history of authoritarian surveillance continues to shape the types of methodologies that are possible for studying surveillance and the analytical orientation of such studies. It also informs us how we might interpret the prospect for resisting surveillance and can have implications for the personal biography of researchers, who have experienced such surveillance.
Using CCTV to study visitors in The New Art Gallery, Walsall, UK
Authors: Beaumont Ela
Published: July 2018

The routine use of CCTV surveillance in new art galleries in the UK presents an opportunity for researchers to harness its potential as a powerful observational tool in visitor studies, and recent developments in video technology have created new possibilities for observational research. Recent studies using video observation methods in the UK, France and the US have demonstrated how powerful film data can be, but have also shown the difficulties in operationalising studies that use these techniques. The analysis of video data is in its infancy in the field of art gallery visitor studies, and this paper contributes to the theoretical, ethical and practical debate by discussing a recent observational visitor study using in-house CCTV cameras in the New Art Gallery, Walsall. The study demonstrates significant advances on previous observational visitor studies that have gathered 'covert observational data'. It show how CCTV footage can be used to gather naturally occurring visitor activities in a highly structured way, without disrupting the gallery with extra cameras or microphones and yielding increasingly detailed, useful information. It opens up the prospect of a wider ideological debate about the use of CCTV in art galleries, and contributes to work in progress on a code of ethics for video observation in visitor studies.
The implementation and impact of crime prevention / crime control open street Closed-Circuit Television surveillance in South African Central Business Districts
Authors: Minnaar Anthony
Published: July 2018

The use and implementation of public open street Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) surveillance systems in Central Business Districts (CBDs) in South Africa solely for the purpose of crime control (reducing street crime) or crime prevention (deterrence) has in South Africa been a relatively new intervention within the broader context of crime prevention programmes. One of the drawbacks to its implementation for this purpose has been its costs and the inability of the South African Police Service to fund such implementation in the light of other more pressing priorities and demands on its finances and resources. However, the initiative to start implementing and linking CCTV surveillance systems in CBDs in the major metropolitan cities of South Africa to local police services was taken in the mid-1990s by Business Against Crime of South Africa (BACSA). This article, using case study overviews from four South African CBD areas (Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria (Tshwane) and Durban), traces CCTV use as crime control or prevention surveillance, how they were implemented, the rationale behind their implementation and the operationalising of them in terms of preventing street crime and its uses in other surveillance. In addition it also looks at this initiative from the perspective of the growth and commercialisation of the management of these services, and the co-operation and co-ordination structures in partnership with the South African Police Service (SAPS). Furthermore, it reviews the purported impact on the reduction of crime of these systems in CBDs and finally the application of public crime surveillance by the CCTV control room operators (private security) in co-operation with the police (response team) and the role it plays in the observation, recording, arrest and conviction of suspects.
CCTV Identity Management and Implications for Criminal Justice: some considerations
Authors: Carroll-Mayer Moira , Fairweather Ben , Stahl Bernd Carsten
Published: July 2018

The UK Presidency of the European Union called for an expansive, mandatory policy of surveillance technologies aimed at the reduction of crime and the protection of citizens. Research indicates that the efficacy for this task of the technology, epitomised by CCTV, cannot be taken for granted. This paper asks whether the effects of the technological surveillance environment may be more problematic than currently posited in the literature to the extent that they render more vulnerable and undermine the identities of those they are pledged to safeguard. Much of the literature in surveillance studies debates whether surveillance technology, particularly CCTV, has the effects of crime reduction and prevention attributed to it by proponents. This paper goes one step further and through a process of critical analysis explores the import for individuals subjected to the process of surveillance technologies epitomized by CCTV. In particular the paper addresses the question as it is perceived through the postmodernist agenda. Accordingly in the process of critical analysis the paper considers the effects of transcarceration, the phenetic fix and the technological imperative.
Surveillance, Risk and Preemption on the Australian Border
Authors: Wilson Dean , Weber Leanne
Published: July 2018

In this paper we will map and analyze Australian border surveillance technologies. In doing so, we wish to interrogate the extent to which these surveillance practices are constitutive of new regimes of regulation and control. Surveillance technologies, we argue, are integral to strategies of risk profiling, social sorting and "punitive pre-emption." The Australian nation-state thus mirrors broader global patterns in the government of mobility, whereby mobile bodies are increasingly sorted into kinetic elites and kinetic underclasses. Surveillance technologies and practices positioned within a frame of security and control diminish the spaces that human rights and social justice might occupy. It is therefore imperative that critical scholars examine the moral implications of risk and identify ways in which spaces for such significant concerns might be forged.
Theorizing Cross-Border Mobility: Surveillance, Security and Identity
Authors: Pallitro Robert , Heyman Josiah
Published: July 2018

This article explores the effects of post-9/11 security programs on mobility into and within the United States. Specific programs such as retinal scanning and vehicle preclearance are analyzed according to the differential effects they generate in terms of risk, rights and speed of movement. These differentiations suggest that individuals and groups will be identified in unequal ways, and that they will in turn experience their mobility differently. In the end, the analysis provided here adds complexity to current theorizations about citizenship and identity: it shows that while individuals make claims to new and different kinds of citizenship, state power also makes claims on individuals that do not always depend on citizenship. In view of the manifest inequalities resulting from the mobility control practices currently in use, rethinking of those practices is warranted, and an emphasis on shared burdens would be more productive.
Police filming English streets in 1935: the limits of mediated identification
Authors: Williams Chris A , Patterson James , Taylor James
Published: July 2018

This article considers and early example of technologically-mediated visual surveillance: the use of cine cameras by the British police in 1935 in the English town of Chesterfield in an operation to crack down on illegal street betting. The paper argues that the operation and its consequences in the judicial system illustrate a number of issues: unreliable policing on the ground; the enthusiasm for technological approaches to crime; and the limits of those approaches. The paper concludes that the Chesterfield case should prompt us to take another look at the impact of technology on interwar British policing, and its relationship to surveillance.  *This article is accompanied by a digititally-converted version of the 1935 film, which can be viewed by clicking on Supplementary Material in the right hand column, or by visiting our Blip TV stream (EDITOR'S NOTE 2014: now removed without notifying us, instead go here). Please also see the MACE archive, which was essential to the completion of this piece.
panegyric 6.6
Authors: Noir Rez
Published: July 2018

Poem
What the US can learn from the UK about the protection of privacy
Authors: Gandy Jr. Oscar H.
Published: July 2018

In February 2009 the House of Lords Constitutional Committee in the United Kingdom published the report Surveillance: Citizens and the State. Some have hailed this as a landmark document. The following is one of four commentaries that the editors of Surveillance & Society solicited in response to the report.
Artful Concealment and Strategic Visibility: Transgender Bodies and U.S. State Surveillance After 9/11
Authors: Beauchamp Toby
Published: July 2018

This article considers recent measures of U.S. state surveillance that may first appear unrelated to transgender people, to demonstrate that such policies are in fact deeply rooted in the maintenance and enforcement of normatively gendered bodies, behaviors and identities. The paper argues that surveillance of these bodies centers less on their identification as transgender per se than it does on the perceived deception underlying transgressive or non-normative gender presentation. Finally, the paper argues that the primary strategies and responses offered by transgender advocacy organizations tend to reconsolidate U.S. nationalism and support the increased policing of deviant bodies.
Artist, Robert Ladislas Derr uses die rolls and cameras to map his walk through cities worldwide
Authors: Derr Robert Ladislas
Published: July 2018

Chance, psychogeographical walk performances through cities with the direction determined by viewers’ die rolls. The die indicates that Derr move forward, backward, right, left, spin, and stand in place. He accepts thirty die rolls and then proceeds on the walk wearing four video cameras. When spin or stand in place are the command, he completes each for one minute. The directional commands take him to the next intersection. After walking with the video cameras, Derr returns to each intersection encountered and photographs the four views, creating a photographic cartography as well. The final videos are exhibited in an immersive four-channel video installation.
Recent Thoughts on Panoptic Cruft (fragments)
Authors: Spahr Robert
Published: July 2018

Notes from the project, Panopticon Cruft.
Contemporary Closed Circuits – Subversive Dialogues. Artistic Strategies against Surveillance
Authors: Gschrey Raul
Published: July 2018

The article presents the artistic project “Contemporary Closed Circuits – Subversive Dialogues” in short, descriptive texts and pictures and includes references to the works by artists and scholars who have contributed texts to the catalogue of the exhibition. In addition to the visual material provided in the text, a documentary video of the exhibition can be accessed online.

In an evaluative part, I discuss my experiences during the artistic work and the growing desire to address myself at the public and raise consciousness concerning visual surveillance. The work between art and activism, the question of responsibility and considerations on the development of a new ethics in the age of digitalised surveillance form the final part of the text.

Works referenced in the text can be explored further at: http://www.pro-these.com/cctv
A Trialogue on Interventions in Surveillance Space: Seda Gürses in conversation with Michelle Teran and Manu Luksch
Authors: Gurses Seda , Teran Michelle , Luksch Manu
Published: July 2018

The article documents conversations between Michelle Teran, Manu Luksch and Seda Gürses on their theoretical and artistic interventions in surveillance space.

Further information on the work of Michelle Teran can be found at http://www.ubermatic.org and on Manu Luksch at: http://www.ambienttv.net/
Violence and Surveillance: Some Unintended Consequences of CCTV Monitoring within Mental Health Hospital Wards
Authors: Desai Suki
Published: July 2018

Since 2005, CCTV cameras have featured as a tool for managing safety within mental health hospital wards in England and Wales. However this piece argues that the efficacy of cameras to control and manage violence within psychiatric wards remains inconclusive due to a lack of research, and there has been very little discussion of the impact that they might have on the vulnerable populations under the gaze of the camera.
Under-explored Threats to Privacy: See-Through-Wall Technologies and Electro-Magnetic Radiations
Authors: Hiranandani Vanmala
Published: July 2018

The analysis of societal implications of surveillance technologies has amplified over the past two decades. However, a review of literature suggests that surveillance-and-society studies have overlooked clandestine mechanisms that permit theft of data through electro-magnetic radiations from offline computer screens and the use of see-through-wall technologies. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to these surreptitious techniques, their misuse on racialized populations, and implications for privacy that is at the core of human dignity and civilized society.
Empowerment: Analyzing Technologies of Multiple Variable Visibility
Authors: Ellerbrok Ariane
Published: July 2018

This paper notes the emergence of technologies of multiple variable visibility – that is, technologies that render individuals visible to diverse interests simultaneously via the corporate ownership of intimate personal data.  Focusing on Facebook, a classic example of technology of this genre, I argue that the various levels of visibility that are facilitated by these technologies cannot and should not be analyzed in isolation from one another.  The complex dynamics of power that are mobilized via the strategic employment of multiple visibilities complicates the representation of many surveillance technologies as one-dimensional conduits for empowerment or exploitation.  In the context of these technologies, I argue that visibilities (plural) facilitate combined experiences of empowerment and disempowerment, a process that not only speaks to the type of data collection that is enabled through this process but also implies a whole serious of implications specific to their use.
Constructing Empowerment through Interpretations of Environmental Surveillance Data
Authors: Ottinger Gwen
Published: July 2018

Environmental surveillance data—in particular, data from air monitoring conducted by grassroots community groups—is presumed to empower community members with respect to neighboring industrial facilities; further, extensions of data-collecting ability assumed to represent expansions of empowerment.  This paper challenges the idea that empowerment follows from the collection of copious surveillance data, arguing instead that the degree and kind of empowerment environmental surveillance supports is determined by the manner in which surveillance data is made meaningful.  Examining contrasting interpretations of environmental surveillance data, the paper shows how they variously construct empowerment in terms of the power to define issues, the power to enforce laws, and the power to choose.  The three forms of empowerment vary in the level at which they enable community groups to act—suggesting that the empowering potential of surveillance rests in large part on strategic interpretive choices.
Shopping and Working in the Borderlands: Enforcement, Surveillance and Marketing in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Murià Magalí , Chávez Sergio
Published: July 2018

This article examines how border enforcement at the U.S.-Mexico border affects the border crossing and consumption practices of Tijuana residents.  Drawing on three years of combined ethnographic research, we focus on the experiences of Tijuana residents who cross the international border with legal documents to work and consume in the United States.  We argue that the tech-nologies of surveillance and deterrence that regulate cross-border transit also reshape the geographical and social landscape of Tijuana. We explain how identities and patterns of difference among border residents are reconstructed by a legal taxonomy that identifies and classifies crossers according to categories of legality. We find that these categories are locally framed and translated into a binary distinction between consumers and workers that reflect a growing gap between the rich and poor in the city. Finally, we conclude that this distinction ignores the transnational character of the city, and in particular, that consumers and workers are not mutually exclusive categories at the borderlands.
The Politics of Transparency and Surveillance in Post-Reunification Germany
Authors: Sperling Stefan
Published: July 2018

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, reunified Germany intensified its policy of political transparency in an attempt to alleviate European concerns over a new German superpower. As transparency became a means to political legitimacy, the term and the practice acquired a distinctive ethical dimension. Germany’s on-going effort to come to terms with its national socialist past came to encompass the years of state socialism as well. As Germany’s new-found moral legitimacy came to rest on portraying East Germany as an immoral state, the former socialist state became an object that needed to be made fully transparent. The East German secret police (Stasi) and its vast surveillance apparatus became a natural target of transparency, as it inverted the logic of transparency by which the West German state claimed to function. As one form of transparency became key to legitimacy in Germany, its inversion – surveillance – became a marker of illegitimacy. In that sense, surveillance came to justify the unequal treatment of East Germans, of their political system, and of their public life. The conflict between divergent understandings of transparency became especially clear in a debate between two political figures, one from the former East and one from the former West. The case of German reunification serves to highlight the contingency of the meaning of the concepts of transparency, surveillance, and privacy.
In Further Defence of Privacy
Authors: Bennett Colin J
Published: July 2018

A right of reply in the privacy debate...
The political economy of surveillance in the (wannabe) global city
Authors: Galdon Clavell Gemma
Published: July 2018

Many authors have highlighted the need to look at the political economy of surveillance in order to provide a comprehensive picture of our increasingly surveilled societies. However, an analysis that stressed only the material interaction between public and private actors, or the formal relationships between markets, technologies, policy and politics would leave out a broader understanding of the motives and expectations that are taking shape alongside the increase of surveillance mechanisms.   The fact that Barcelona (Spain) has so far only installed CCTV systems in the city center, in areas used intensively by tourists, reveals a picture that takes the political economy of surveillance beyond the corporation-meets-public-official discourse, which highlights private profit and the role of lobbies and lobbyists as a key reason behind the ascendance of surveillance technologies in public spaces, and addresses a more complex setting where the electoral expectations of local politicians meet the economic interest of the private shop owner meet the political aspirations of local media moguls meet the pressure to sell safe cities in the context of a global drive to see security technology and surveillance as the solution to all urban evils (and fast track to winning elections).   By looking at the actual articulation of the actors and interests involved in promoting security policies based on surveillance and monitoring of behavior in Barcelona’s public spaces, this piece presents less-explored understandings of the political economy of surveillance, making a case that highlights how global pressures, processes and imaginaries are received and negotiated at the local level.
Citizenship rights in a surveillance society: The case of the electronic ID card in Turkey
Authors: Cavlin Bozbeyoglu Alanur
Published: July 2018

Turkey’s mandatory ID card system, in place since the foundation of the Republic, is an integral part of everyday day life for Turkish citizens. The country is currently experiencing a shift from from paper-based national ID cards to electronic ID cards. The electronic ID card project commenced in 2007 and a pilot implementation was launched in the province of Bolu in 2008 by the Ministry of Interior, in collaboration with The National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology (UEKAE) and the Social Security Institution. The electronic card incorporates a chip that carries identifying information including identity number, photograph and PIN, and also includes two fingerprints and two finger vein patterns as biometric indicators. The pilot implementation in Bolu has been integrated with social and health security systems in this province and aims to cover every resident of by November 2010. The ultimate goal of the system is to eventually provide coverage for all citizens and all governmental spheres in the country. The basic justifications for the centralisation and digitisation of the identity system are to increase efficiency in government administration and to maintain security in the era of e-government projects and European Union participation process. Right of citizenship is proven by means of the identification system and the ID card; therefore, to be out of the identification system means to be out of all administrative, political and commercial spheres of society. This study examines the necessity for and the promises of the electronic ID card and discusses the potential risks of the new system for citizens in terms of privacy, accessibility and other implications. Discussion of the meaning of government identification in the context of Turkey and developments in the identification system serve as a background for the study.
Review of Graham’s Cities Under Siege: The New Military Urbanism
Authors: Monaghan Jeff
Published: July 2018

n/a
Review of Nelson’s America Identified
Authors: Gates Kelly
Published: July 2018

Nelson, Lisa S. 2011. America Identified: Biometric Technology and Society. Cambridge: MIT Press. 258 pp. Hardcover, $32.00 (US), ISBN 978-0-262-01477-9
Group Power: Discourses of Consumer Power and Surveillance in Group Buying Websites
Authors: Draper Nora
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the tension between consumer power and surveillance through an analysis of group buying websites. These websites celebrate the power of the consumer generated through bulk purchases. Underlying the rhetoric about the autonomous consumer, however, is the systematic practice of buying, selling and reflecting consumer information. Through an examination of available promotional materials, websites and privacy policies, as well as interviews with representatives from group coupon companies, this article outlines a number of concerns surrounding the ways that digital surveillance techniques are being used, and have the potential to be used, to define consumer interests. The article argues that such practices are particularly problematic when they are couched in the rhetoric of consumer freedom and power. The article concludes by suggesting emerging industry trends, including industry consolidation and geolocation technology, which raise additional questions about how companies shape consumer behavior.
Segurança e Acuidade Diagnóstica da Biópsia Percutânea de Massas Renais: Uma Experiência Inicial de um Único Centro
Authors: Mota Paulo , Torres João , Morais Nuno , Cordeiro Agostinho , Carvalho-Dias Emanuel , Botelho Francisco , Oliveira Carlos , Cerqueira-Alves Mário , Lima Estevão
Published: July 2018

Introdução: A caracterização de massas renais através da realização de biópsia antes do tratamento cirúrgico é atualmente uma opção. Sem esta caracterização prévia doentes com massas renais benignas podem ser submetidos a cirurgias desnecessárias. O objetivo foi determinar a acuidade diagnóstica e a segurança da biópsia de massas renais.

Material e Métodos: Estudo prospetivo uni-institucional de 38 doentes submetidos a biópsia de massa renal no período compreendido entre julho de 2014 e maio de 2016.

Resultados: A biópsia foi diagnóstica em 76,3% (n = 29) dos casos. Em 21,7% (n = 6) das biópsias diagnósticas, a análise histológica demonstrou lesões benignas. Nos doentes submetidos a cirurgia verificou-se uma concordância global de 100% entre o resultado da biópsia e o resultado patológico da peça cirúrgica. A taxa de complicações foi de 5,3% (n = 2), ambas classificadas como grau I na escala Clavien-Dindo.

Conclusão: A biópsia de massas renais mostrou elevada acuidade diagnóstica e segurança, podendo evitar a realização de cirurgias desnecessárias. Este procedimento poderá vir a fazer parte da avaliação prévia à decisão de tratamento em doentes com massas renais.
Metabolomics and Bladder Cancer: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Antunes Hugo , Tavares-da-SIlva Edgar , Marques Inês , Carvalho João , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Alves Marco , Botelho Maria Filomena , Figueiredo Arnaldo
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the ninth common tumor worldwide and the most common malignant carcinoma of urinary system with an increasing incidence. Despite the high frequency and mortality associated with this carcinoma, little has evolved recently regarding the diagnosis and management of this type of tumor. In fact, cystoscopy and cytology are still standards for bladder cancer detection. The development of less invasive and more reliable diagnostic techniques of bladder cancer than cystoscopy and cytology is critical. In this sense, metabolomics has recently emerged as a promising technique for the diagnosis and orientation of oncological diseases.

Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Medline and Web of Science for studies about metabolomics and bladder cancer published before October 2017. We performed a review of the literature, trying to clarify what is already known about the application of metabolomics in bladder cancer and what are the future prospects.

Evidence Synthesis: The spectral acquisition is made using predominantly two analytic platforms: nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Regarding to bladder cancer, several metabolites were associated with the presence of bladder cancer, leading to the creation of a metabolomic profile capable of distinguishing between bladder cancer patients and control. Besides the diagnosis, the metabolomic has also been studied to stratify bladder cancer according to its aggressiveness. In this sense there are studies that used metabolomic analysis to distinguish between low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer. One investigation showed that the levels of carnitine were higher in muscle-invasive bladder cancer than in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer, which suggests that they may be correlated with bladder cancer aggressiveness.

Conclusion: Biomarkers detected by metabolomics give an insight into cancer biology and tapped properly this can lead to new strategies for bladder cancer diagnosis and new drugs discovery.
Multiple Renal Arteries in Kidney Transplantation: Is it a Problem Nowadays?
Authors: Carvalho Joao , Nunes Pedro , Parada Belmiro , Tavares-da-Silva Edgar , Antunes Hugo , Roseiro António , Ferreira Carlos , Figueiredo Arnaldo
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Shortage of high quality donors led to an increasing need of compatible organs: grafts with multiple renal arteries (MRA) are one of the solutions, although being a potential risk factor that can impair outcomes. The aim of this study is to provide a view of our experience with multiple renal arteries grafts in renal transplantation and compare the outcome between multiple renal arteries and single renal artery (SRA) groups.

Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 2989 kidney transplants was performed in our department between January 1980 and February 2017: demographic characteristics and outcomes were compared between recipients of grafts with multiple renal arteries (648; 21.7%) and single renal artery (2341; 78.3%). Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics 22: chi-square, independent sample t-test and Kaplan Meier tests were used with a p value of 0.05.

Results: Grafts from cadaveric donors occurred in 95.8% of the single renal artery group and 97.4% of multiple renal arteries group. The recipients of multiple renal arteries group had a previous higher time on dialysis (50.3 ± 43.1 vs 46.30 ± 37.5 months, p:0.04), a longer operative time (2.43 ± 0.57 vs 2.28 ± 0.49 hours, p<0.001), a higher cold ischemia time (19h08 ± 6h05 vs 18h34 ± 6h17 hours, p:0.04) and more red blood cell transfusions (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 1.7 ± 0.8 packs, p:0.01) than the recipients of single renal artery kidney recipients. In the multiple renal arteries group, ex-vivo bench surgery techniques, in vivo sequential anastomosis and mixed techniques were used. The different options did not affect the outcomes. The rate of delayed graft function, surgical complications, length of hospital stay, acute and chronic rejections, graft loss, death were not statistically different. The follow-up was not statistically different: multiple renal arteries (8 ± 7.3 years) versus single renal artery (7.7 ± 6.6 years) group (p:0.1). The current state of the patient was not dependent on the number of arteries used.

Conclusion: Multiple renal arteries grafts were not a problem in our unit: despite of having a longer operative time, higher cold ischemia time and higher blood transfusions rate, short and long-term outcomes were comparable between groups. At this level, literature results are not consensual: prospective studies are necessary.
Magnetic Structure of UO2 and NpO2 by First-Principle Methods
Authors: Pegg James T. , Shields Ashley E. , Storr Mark T. , Wills Andrew S. , Scanlon David O. , H. de Leeuw Nora
Published: July 2018

The magnetic structure of the actinide dioxides (AnO2) remains a subject of intense research and is key to the development of high-accuracy computational models. A low-temperature experimental investigation of the magnetic ground-state is complicated by thermal energy released from the radioactive decay of the actinide nuclei. To establish the magnetic groundstate, we have employed high-accuracy computational methods to systematically probe different magnetic structures. A transverse 1k antiferromagnetic ground-state with Fmmm (No. 69) crystal symmetry has been established for UO2, whereas a ferromagnetic (111) ground-state with R3 ̅m (No. 166) has been established for NpO2. This has a profound impact on future computational investigations. Band structure calculations have been performed to analyse these results.
Tres sentidos de relativismo
Authors: Bordonaba Plou David , Villanueva Fernández Neftalí
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. Primero, distinguir tres sentidos en los que puede entenderse el término ‘relativismo’ en el debate acerca del significado de los predicados de gusto y examinar si las posiciones en el debate –contextualismo deíctico (Stanley 2000; Glanzberg 2007; Schaffer 2011), contextualismo no deíctico (Kölbel 2003; Lasersohn 2005) y teorías contexto-evaluativas (MacFarlane 2014; Field 2009)– son relativistas en alguno de estos sentidos. Segundo, argumentaremos a favor de usar el término ‘relativismo’ para las teorías contexto-evaluativas por dos razones: i) solo estas teorías asignan verdad a las afirmaciones de gusto de manera relativa; y ii) solo estas teorías prestan suficiente atención al fenómeno de la retractación (MacFarlane 2014).
Reflejos de jade (J. Ezquerra y J. Fortanet. [eds.], La luz de un gran frío. Ensayos sobre Georges Bataille)
Authors: Marqueta Calvo Sergio
Published: July 2018

La luz de un gran frío. Ensayos sobre Georges Bataille (Ediciones Casus-Belli, 2017), editado por Jesús Ezquerra y Joaquín Fortanet, es, ante todo, un ajuste de cuentas con el silencio pues se trata de la primera obra colectiva sobre Georges Bataille (1897-1962) que se publica en España. Así, la imponente tonalidad de su portada nos presenta un variado número de colaboradores de distinta procedencia, desde Denis Hollier, editor de varios tomos de las oeuvres complètes aparecidas en Gallimard, a Michel Surya, autor de la imprescindible biografía Bataille, la mort à l’oeuvre, o Antonio Campillo, presidente de la Red Española de Filosofía, y Marco Tabacchini, ambos habituados a bregar con los textos políticos del francés.
SEED QUALITY OF PREMIER CULTIVAR OF HUNGARIAN CLOVER IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Bogolyubova E. V. , Konyaeva N. M.
Published: July 2018

The work presents the results of comparative study of the new fodder crop Premier cultivar of Hungarian clover Trifolium pannonicum Jacq., its seed quality and contamination with fungal infection, given that it is grown in different weather conditions, and harvested and stored by different methods. The research was carried out in two agroclimatic subzones of the forest-steppe zone of Novosibirsk region: moderately warm humid (GTK 1.2-1.4) and moderately warm insuffi ciently humid (GTK 1.0-1.2). In both subzones the mass of 1000 seeds in mid-humid and humid seasons varied from 4.0 to 4.6 g, and in extremely dry season it decreased to 3.7 g. A positive relation (r=0.96) between the seed mass and precipitation in the ripening phase was revealed. The infl uence of weather conditions on the unscarifi ed seed sowing qualities was most evident in the humid subzone, where a positive relation (r=0.83) between germinating ability and precipitation in the fl owering phase was revealed. In dry and insuffi ciently humid seasons, only in this phase hard seeds predominated in the seed material (77-90%) and their germinating ability in the laboratory conditions did not exceed 19%. In the year with excessive humidity, the share of germinating seeds increased to 75%. In the insuffi ciently humid subzone there were 4-6 times more germinating seeds (37- 60%), and the difference in their germinating adility by years was not so signifi cant. Combine harvesting, which causes partial seed scarifi cation, increased germinating ability by 13-20%. When these seeds were stored at room temperature, there was an annual reduction in seed hardness by 23-30% and an increase in barren seeds. Germinating ability of unscarifi ed seeds retained longer by years. Fungal infection in Premier cultivar of Hungarian clover seeds was detected. In the dry year fungi g. Cladosporium predominated, in the wet year – g. Alternaria, in the mid-humid years there were fungi of both genus and their mixtures.
THE CHOICE OF GRAIN CLEANING-AND-DRYING UNITS IN AREAS WITH HIGH GRAIN HUMIDITY
Authors: Sabashkin V. A. , Toropov V. R.
Published: July 2018

Grain cleaning-and-drying units for agricultural enterprises in the zones of Western Siberia with high grain humidity are substantiated. Such zones include part of the Northern forest-steppe lowlands, part of the forest-steppe foothills, taiga and subtaiga zones of lowlands and foothills. Grain cleaning-and-drying systems in these zones should provide the possibility of both single and double drying of grain. In order to achieve this, they are recommended to be equipped with two dryers or one dryer with two shafts with the possibility of parallel or sequential operation. Three sizes of systems have been identifi ed with the daily capacity of 100, 200 and 400 tons. Alternative versions of technological schemes of the units have been developed, technical and economic evaluation carried out and the boundary conditions of their application defi ned. It has been established that the choice of the unit will be mainly determined by the level of fi nancial or labor resources available. In the units with the capacity of 100 tons/day, the preferable way of grain handling is by the fl ow line method, which requires some additional capital investment. For the units with the capacity of 200 and 400 tons/day, the most effective option is grain processing and reserving it in the operating silo. The best technical and economic performance is achieved by units with a higher daily capacity.
Retinal Multipotent Stem-Cell Derived “MiEye” Spheroid 3D Culture Model for Preclinical Screening of Non-viral Gene Delivery Systems
Authors: Chen Ding-Wen , Foldvari Marianna
Published: July 2018

Non-viral retinal gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach towards the management of retinal degenerative diseases especially glaucoma. Current methods of in vitro preclinical screening of candidate nanoparticle systems in monolayer cell cultures are not reliable in predicting in vivo performance. In this paper, we describe the development of a multipotent stem-cell derived three-dimensional “mini-retina” culture model (MiEye) that aims to simulate an in vivo clinical model for more reliable gene delivery system screening. Through the utilization of multiplex gene expression profiling, we have shown that retinal stem cells can be differentiated in 3D culture to generate retinal neurospheres comprising of multiple retinal cell types. The 3D cell culture model combined with confocal microscopy imaging and fluorescence profiling techniques is a powerful tool as a retinal gene and drug delivery screening model.
Physical Development Features of Students, Engaging in Kickboxing
Authors: Khylchuk Julia
Published: July 2018

Topicality. The research actuality is predefined by the requirement of society in forming of the physically developed young people by facilities of sporting activity and, in particular, kickboxing. The objective of the study is to define the level of physical development of students engaging in a kickboxing. Results of the Work. Anthropometric indexes of a kickboxing are at high level and testify to trained sportsmen. The index of fatty mass is 14,85 percentage of skeletal muscles – 43,25. The length of kickboxers body of is connected with the circumference of thorax in the state of calmness (r = 0,433), circumference of thorax on inhalation (0,539) and by body weight (0,785). Negative correlation of length of body of sportsmen is observed with muscular mass (– 0,341) and visceral fat (– 0,17). Conclusions. Average grouping indexes of level of students physical development engaging in a kickboxing are in such limits: length of body is 179,55 cm, the mass of body is 71,15 kg, a circumference of thorax in the state of calmness is 93,67 cm, on inhalation is 98,02 cm, on exhalation is 88,64 cm, an excursion of thorax is 9,38 cm. The index of body weight is 21,95 mind. odes, fatty mass – 14,85 %, muscular mass is 43,25, visceral fat – 2,82. The results specify on the high level of trained and development of kickboхer`s muscular system.