bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters: Synthesis of New Polyester Microstructures
Authors: Thomas Christophe M.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Routes to Chiral Amines and Amino Acids
Authors: Gotor‐Fernandez Vicente , Gotor Vicente
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General Characteristics and Applications of Microwaves in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Gupta Monika , Paul Satya , Gupta Rajive
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Multicomponent Synthesis
Authors: Hugel Helmut M.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inventing and Understanding Catalytic, Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kumagai Naoya , Mashiko Tomoyuki
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol‐ene Chemistry of Vinylsilanes
Authors: Rissing Christiana , Son David Y.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanidines in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ishikawa Tsutomu
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Design for Intermolecular Asymmetric Mizoroki—Heck Reactions
Authors: Coyne Anthony G. , Fitzpatrick Martin O. , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Heterocycles
Authors: Muller Thierry , Braese Stefan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discotic Nematic Liquid Crystals: Science and Technology
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Kumar Sandeep
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Chiral Amines Using N‐(tert‐butyl)sulfinyl Imines
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Jinbo
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Achieving Synthetic Efficiency Through New Method Development
Authors: Song Jinhua J. , Reeves Jonathan T. , Fandrick Daniel R. , Tan Zhulin , Yee Nathan K. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: “Greener” Chemical Syntheses Using Mechanochemical Mixing or Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Varma Rajender S.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Carboxylation
Authors: Glueck Silvia M. , Guemues Selcuc , Fabian Walter M. F. , Faber Kurt
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallo‐Supramolecular Systems for Synergistic Functions Based on Unique Arrangement of Ligation Sites
Authors: Nabeshima Tatsuya , Akine Shigehisa , Ikeda Chusaku , Yamamura Masaki
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane Sesquiterpenes
Authors: Foley David A. , Maguire Anita R.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Borylation
Authors: Schiffner Julia A. , Muether Kristine , Oestereich Martin
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Functionalized Phosphonates from α‐Hydroxyphosphonates
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Tashrifi Zahra
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Bioinspired Mn4O4—Cubane Water Oxidation Catalysts: Lessons from Photosynthesis
Authors: Dismukes G. Charles , Brimblecombe Robin , Felton Greg A. N. , Pryadun Ruslan S. , Sheats John E. , Spiccia Leone , Swiegers Gerhard F.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Making Oxygen with Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Concepcion Javier J. , Jurss Jonah W. , Brennaman M. Kyle , Hoertz Paul G. , Patrocinio Antonio Otavio T. , Iha Neyde Yukie Murakami , Templeton Joseph L. , Meyer Thomas J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Molecular Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction and H2 Production/Oxidation
Authors: Dubois M. Rakowski , Dubois Daniel L.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Genes and the Expression
Authors: Ueda Koji
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic and Microbial Approaches to Solar Fuel Generation
Authors: Hammarstroem Leif , et al. et al.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly Strategies for Integrating Light Harvesting and Charge Separation in Artificial Photosynthetic Systems
Authors: Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Promising Tumor‐Associated Antigens for Future Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Yong , Cozzi Paul J. , Russell Pamela J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Statins Can Modulate Effectiveness of Antitumor Therapeutic Modalities
Authors: Jakobisiak Marek , Golab Jakub
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Thiopeptide Antibiotic Biosynthesis
Authors: Li Chaoxuan , Kelly Wendy L.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Control over Cell Adhesive Properties Using Molecular‐Based Surface Engineering Strategies
Authors: Robertus Jort , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Semisynthetic DNA—Protein Conjugates for Biosensing and Nanofabrication
Authors: Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Getting a Chemical Handle on Protein Post‐Translational Modification.
Authors: Heal William P. , Tate Edward W.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Molecular Logic with Memory Function
Authors: Pischel Uwe
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Nuclear Shielding
Authors: Kuroki Shigeki , Matsukawa Shingo , Yasunaga Hidekazu
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding
Authors: Jameson Cynthia J. , de Dios Angel C.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Green Metrics Analysis to Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans
Authors: Andraos John
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Computational Analysis of Multi‐target Structure–Activity Relationships to Derive Preference Orders for Chemical Modifications toward Target Selectivity
Authors: Wassermann Anne Mai , Peltason Lisa , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: April 2010

For series of compounds with activity against multiple targets, the resulting multi‐target structure–activity relationships (mtSARs) are usually difficult to analyze. However, rationalizing mtSARs is of great importance for the development of compounds that are selective for one target over closely related ones. Herein we present a methodological framework for the study of mtSARs and identification of substitution sites in analogue series that are selectivity determinants. Active analogues are subjected to uniform R‐group decomposition, compared on the basis of pharmacophore feature edit distances, and organized in previously reported tree‐like structures that we adapted for mtSAR analysis. These data structures represent a substitution site hierarchy, capture potency variations, and reflect patterns of SAR discontinuity. Generating this data structure for multiple targets makes it possible to determine preference orders for chemical modifications to improve target selectivity. Accordingly, high emphasis is put on the derivation of simple rules to design substitutions that are likely to yield target‐selective compounds. Furthermore, the analysis is applicable to identify both additive and non‐additive effects on compound activity and selectivity as a consequence of multi‐site substitutions.
Characterization of bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing mCherry fluorescent protein substituted for the murine smooth muscle α‐actin gene
Authors: Armstrong John J. , Larina Irina V. , Dickinson Mary E. , Zimmer Warren E. , Hirschi Karen K.
Published: April 2010

Smooth muscle α actin (SMA) is a cytoskeletal protein expressed by mesenchymal and smooth muscle cell types, including mural cells (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes). Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) recombineering technology, we generated transgenic reporter mice that express a membrane localized cherry red fluorescent protein (mCherry), driven by the full‐length SMA promoter and intronic sequences. We determined that the founders and F1 progeny of five independent lines contain 1–3 copies of the mCherry‐substituted BAC vector. Furthermore, we characterized the expression of SMA‐mCherry in relation to endogenous SMA in the embryo and in adult tissues, and found that the transgenic reporter in each line recapitulated endogenous SMA expression at all time points. We were also able to isolate SMA expressing cells from embryonic tissues using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). We demonstrated that this marker can be combined with other vital fluorescent reporters and it can be used for live imaging of embryonic cardiodynamics. Therefore, these transgenic mice will be useful for isolating live SMA‐expressing cells via FACS and for studying the emergence, behavior, and regulation of SMA‐expressing cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes throughout embryonic and postnatal development. genesis 48:457–463, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of seasonal sediment desiccation and rewetting on microbial processes involved in greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Fromin N. , Pinay G. , Montuelle B. , Landais D. , Ourcival J.M. , Joffre R. , Lensi R.
Published: April 2010

The response to spring desiccation and autumn (rainfall‐related) rewetting of sediment microbial functioning was investigated in a Mediterranean seasonal pond. Surface (0–2 cm depth) and subsurface (2–10 cm) sediments were sampled during the pond emptying, the dry period, and after a rain event, and characterized for potential microbial activities [substrate‐induced respiration (SIR), denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), and nitrification enzyme activity (NEA)]. Eddy covariance fluxes of CO2 were also measured as an integrated value of the respiration of the sediment. Our results showed that short‐term variations in the sediment water content can strongly affect the microbial functioning, whereas the metabolic structure of the microbial community was not strongly modified. The duration of the dry period influenced the intensity of microbial potentials and the surface layer responded differently from the subsurface layer, which was less affected by variations in water content. SIR and DEA were strongly stimulated during early summer desiccation of the sediment, while NEA was stimulated during late desiccation period. DEA and NEA potentials remained very high in sediment after 1 month of drought. Eddy covariance measurements confirmed that global CO2 fluxes were enhanced during early desiccation, decreased under dry conditions, and finally re‐enhanced after a rainfall. These results suggest that management of such ponds can influence CO2 and N2O emissions, and that some precautions in the management (limitation of dry‐wet alternations and duration of emptying) could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stochastic model for vegetation water stress
Authors: Borgogno F. , D'Odorico P. , Laio F. , Ridolfi L.
Published: April 2010

Soil water limitations cause water‐stressed conditions in vegetation because of temporary and/or permanent damage to plant tissues. Vegetation water stress is here assumed to increase when soil moisture is below a threshold level, s*, and to decrease otherwise. The crossing properties of s* allow one to describe the temporal evolution of water stress, Φ, as a dichotomic Markov process. The available analytical solutions for dichotomic processes are used to determine the probability density function of Φ and the mean first‐passage times (MFPT) of a water stress threshold. MFTP is used as a measure of the variability of water stress. The use of MFPT in conjunction with the average stress levels allows us to provide a more complete characterization of health/stress conditions in vegetation. We investigate the influence on the dynamics of vegetation water stress of different climatic, pedological, and plant physiological parameters. From these analyses, we find, for example, that resistant species are favoured in relatively humid environments, whereas resilient shallow‐rooted plants have an advantage in drier conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Topological Link between Lanthanide and Alkali‐Metal Clusters: Face‐Sharing Gadolinium Octahedra Centered by Endohedral Iridium Atoms in {Ir3Gd11}Br15
Authors: Brühmann Matthias , Meyer Gerd
Published: April 2010

The oligomeric cluster complex {Ir3Gd11}Br15 was first obtained from a reaction of Gd, GdBr3 and Ir in a 3:4:1 molar ratio at 1123 K. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P63/m with lattice parameters a = 1276.79(14) pm and c = 1286.92(16) pm. The structure features isolated {Ir3Gd11} cluster trimers, which are built up by three face‐sharing gadolinium octahedra each centered by an iridium atom. The endohedral iridium atoms form a triangle with Ir–Ir distances of 295.51(11) pm. Thus, the {Ir3Gd11} cluster is topologically equivalent to the suboxide {O3Cs11}. The {Ir3Gd11} clusters are encapsulated in a coordination sphere of 30 bromide ions, which act as bridging ligands according to the formulation {Ir3Gd11}Bri–i12/2Bri–a9/2Bra–i9/2. In {Ir3Gd11}Br15 there are 45 electrons present for intracluster bonding.
Substituents Effects to the Electrochemical, and In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Behavior of Metallophthalocyanines: Electrocatalytic Application for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Koca Atıf , Özçeşmeci Mukaddes , Hamuryudan Esin
Published: April 2010

This study describes the effects of the number of fluoro substituents to the electrochemical, in situ spectroelectrochemical, and electrocatalytic activities of metallophthalocyanines for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Tuning of the number of fluoro groups shifts the redox processes and affects the aggregation tendencies of the complexes. An in situ electrocolorimetric method was applied to investigate the color of the electrogenerated anionic and cationic forms of the complexes. Cobalt phthalocyanines incorporated into Nafion film on a glassy carbon electrode decreases the overpotential of the working electrode for H+ reduction. The number and position of the electron withdrawing substituents and nature of the metal center change the electrocatalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction in aqueous solutions.
1‐Pyrrolidine Dicarbodithioate Based Electrodes for Determination of Iron(III) in Lubrication Oil
Authors: Zareh Mohsen M. , Ismail Ismail F. A. , Abd El‐Aziz Mohamd H.
Published: April 2010

The lipophillic ammonium salt of 1‐pyrrolidine dicarbodithioic acid (PCDT) (I) was introduced as a new selective ionophore for an iron selective electrode. In addition, the effect of immobilization of 18‐crown‐6 (18CE6) (membrane type‐II), on the electrode performance was discussed. The slope of the PCDT‐based (I) electrode was (20 mV/decade). The linear concentration range was (10−5–10−1 M) after one day doping. The detection limit for electrode type‐(II) was (1.3×10−6 M). For membrane with only 18CE6 (type‐III) the linear range and the detection limit were improved (10−5–10−1 M and 3.2×10−6 M, respectively). The pH‐range was between 5–11 for type‐II, and III electrodes, while it was 7–11 for type‐I electrode. Most of the common cations were tested for the evaluation of the electrode selectivity with correlation to the ionic radii of the tested cations. Among them only Ag+ and Pb2+ were the real interference for type‐III electrode. Application of using the electrode for the determination of iron in lubrication oil samples was performed with RSD (1.77–2.7%) and (1.01–2.3%) for type‐II and III electrodes, respectively. The corresponding recovery ranges were (93.0–99.9%) and (96.3–100%). The obtained results were compared to those of an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method.
Separation of amino alcohols using divalent dipeptides as counter ions in aqueous CE
Authors: Haglöf Jakob , Pettersson Curt
Published: April 2010

Divalent dipeptides have been introduced as counter ions in aqueous CZE. The dipeptides form ion pairs with amino alcohols in the BGE and facilitate the separation of amino alcohols. High concentrations of dipeptide caused reversed effective mobility for the analytes. The net charge of the dipeptide can be controlled using a buffer or a strong base, and regulates the interaction between the dipeptide and the amino alcohol. A stronger interaction and higher selectivity of amino alcohols was observed when the dipeptides were used as divalent counter ions, than in monovalent or uncharged form. Association constants for ion pairs between divalent dipeptides and amino alcohols can be used to enhance selectivity for amino alcohols in CZE. No chiral separation of amino alcohols was observed when using the dipeptides as ion‐pairing chiral selectors in aqueous BGE, but addition of methanol to the BGE promoted enantioselectivity.
Operation of microgrids with demand side bidding and continuity of supply for critical loads
Authors: Tsikalakis Antonis G. , Hatziargyriou Nikos D.
Published: April 2010

This paper aims to present a detailed analysis on the impact that demand side bidding (DSB) has on microgrids operation, taking into account variations in market prices, RES production, and seasonal demand for a typical LV network. Additionally, the economic impact of applying adequacy constraints, i.e. request specific part of the microgrid demand to be supplied by local power production, in case of intentional islanding, is estimated. This is essential to achieve seamless transition from interconnected to autonomous operation of microgrids. Two cases are examined: adequacy constraint applied to the whole microgrid demand and only to the critical loads. Moreover, the magnitude and frequency of interruption of critical and noncritical loads, in case of an upstream network fault is calculated. The potential of DSB to reduce operating costs improving at the same time the quality of service to the loads of higher priority is shown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The early development of the autonomic nervous system provides a neural platform for social behaviour: a polyvagal perspective
Authors: Porges Stephen W. , Furman Senta A.
Published: April 2010

We present a biobehavioural model that explains the neurobiological mechanisms through which measures of vagal regulation of the heart (e.g. respiratory sinus arrhythmia) are related to infant self‐regulatory and social engagement skills. The model describes the sequential development of the neural structures that provide a newborn infant with the ability to regulate physiological state in response to a dynamically changing postpartum environment. Initially, the newborn uses primitive brainstem‐visceral circuits via ingestive behaviours as the primary mechanism to regulate physiological state. However, as cortical regulation of the brainstem improves during the first year of life, reciprocal social behaviour displaces feeding as the primary regulator of physiological state. The model emphasizes two sequential phases in neurophysiological development as the fetus transitions to postpartum biological and social challenges: (1) the development of the myelinated vagal system during the last trimester and (2) the development of cortical regulation of the brainstem areas regulating the vagus during the first year postpartum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Intralipid‐10% in fluorescence distortion studies on liquid‐tissue phantoms in UV range
Authors: Suresh Anand B. S. , Sujatha N.
Published: April 2010

In biomedical optical spectroscopy tissue‐mimicking phantoms have been widely used for imitating optical properties of biological tissues. As tissue is a turbid medium involving scatterers, absorbing and fluorescing molecules, modelling a tissue in the form of a phantom should have the same realistic complexity comparable to that of tissues. In optical spectroscopy, fluorescence phenomena have been extensively investigated as an optical technique for disease diagnosis. The fluorescence signal is distorted by optical properties of a biological tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of Intralipid as a scattering agent in a turbid medium containing fluorophores can affect fluorescent intensity by the phenomena of scattering and collisional quenching. The results indicate that phantom sets with different concentrations of Tyrosine and Intralipid have their emission peaks distorted at 300 nm and also show secondary peaks when used for fluorescence studies in UV region. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of fluoride and sapphire optical fibers for Er: YAG laser lithotripsy
Authors: Qiu Jinze , Teichman Joel , Wang Tianyi , Elmaanaoui Badr , Gamez David , Milner Thomas E.
Published: April 2010

The long‐pulse (200–350 μs) Holmium: YAG (Ho: YAG) laser (λ = 2.12 μm) is used extensively in urology for laser lithotripsy. The long‐pulse Erbium: YAG (Er: YAG) laser (λ = 2.94 μm) fragments urinary calculi up to 5 times more efficiently than the Ho: YAG laser, however, no optical fibers are available to transmit efficiently 2.94 μm laser light for laser lithotripsy. We report results of a study evaluating a fluoride glass fiber to transmit Er: YAG laser light for laser lithotripsy and compare to a sapphire fiber that provides good transmission of Er: YAG light at low irradiance. The fluoride fiber provides superior light transmission efficiency over the sapphire fiber at an Er: YAG wavelength (2.94 μm). The sapphire fiber provides a more durable and robust delivery waveguide than the fluoride fiber when ablating urinary calculi in contact mode. Results of our study suggest that further development to improve performance of fluoride fibers for laser lithotripsy is warranted. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A high‐throughput microcultivation protocol for FTIR spectroscopic characterization and identification of fungi
Authors: Shapaval Volha , Møretrø Trond , Suso Henri‐Pierre , Åsli Anette Wold , Schmitt Jürgen , Lillehaug Dag , Martens Harald , Böcker Ulrike , Kohler Achim
Published: April 2010

Characterization and identification of fungi in food industry is an important issue both for routine analysis and trouble‐shooting incidences. Present microbial techniques for fungal characterization suffer from a low throughput and are time consuming. In this study we present a protocol for high‐throughput microcultivation and spectral characterization of fungi by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For the study 11 species of in total five different fungal genera (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mucor, Paecilomyces, and Phoma) were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. All the strains were isolated from trouble‐shooting incidents in the production of low and high acid beverages. The cultivation was performed in malt extract broth (liquid medium) in a Bioscreen C system, allowing high‐throughput cultivation of 200 samples at the same time. Mycelium was subsequently investigated by high‐throughput Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Four spectral regions, fatty acids + lipid (3200–2800 cm–1, 1300–1000 cm–1), protein–lipid (1800–1200 cm–1), carbohydrates (1200–700 cm–1) and “finger print” (900–700 cm–1) were evaluated for reproducibility and discrimination ability. The results show that all spectral regions evaluated can be used as spectroscopic biomarkers for differentiation of fungi by FTIR. The influence of different growth times on the ability of species discrimination by FTIR spectroscopy was investigated, and an optimal separation of all five genera was observed after five days of growth. This work presents a novel concept for high‐throughput cultivation of fungi for FTIR spectroscopy that enables characterization or identification of hundreds of strains per day. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Discrimination of cyanobacterial strains isolated from saline soils in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Bounphanmy Somchanh , Thammathaworn Sompong , Thanee Nathawut , Pirapathrungsuriya Komson , Beardall John , McNaughton Don , Heraud Philip
Published: April 2010

A method was developed whereby high quality FTIR spectra could be rapidly acquired from soil‐borne filamentous cyanobacteria using ATR FTIR spectroscopy. Spectra of all strains displayed bands typical of those previously reported for microalgae and water‐borne cyanobacteria, with each strain having a unique spectral profile. Most variation between strains occurred in the C–O stretching and the amide regions. Soft Independent Modelling by Class Analogy (SIMCA) was used to classify the strains with an accuracy of better than 93%, with best classification results using the spectral region from 1800–950 cm–1. Despite this spectral region undergoing substantial changes, particularly in amide and C–O stretching bands, as cultures progressed through the early‐, mid‐ to late‐exponential growth phases, classification accuracy was still good (∼80%) with data from all growth phases combined. These results indicate that ATR/FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric classification methods constitute a rapid, reproducible, and potentially automated approach to classifying soil‐borne filamentous cyanobacteria. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RMieS‐EMSC correction for infrared spectra of biological cells: Extension using full Mie theory and GPU computing
Authors: Bassan Paul , Kohler Achim , Martens Harald , Lee Joe , Jackson Edward , Lockyer Nicholas , Dumas Paul , Brown Michael , Clarke Noel , Gardner Peter
Published: April 2010

In the field of biomedical infrared spectroscopy it is often desirable to obtain spectra at the cellular level. Samples consisting of isolated single biological cells are particularly unsuited to such analysis since cells are strong scatterers of infrared radiation. Thus measured spectra consist of an absorption component often highly distorted by scattering effects. It is now known that the predominant contribution to the scattering is Resonant Mie Scattering (RMieS) and recently we have shown that this can be corrected for, using an iterative algorithm based on Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction (EMSC) and a Mie approximation formula. Here we present an iterative algorithm that applies full Mie scattering theory. In order to avoid noise accumulation in the iterative algorithm a curve‐fitting step is implemented on the new reference spectrum. The new algorithm increases the computational time when run on an equivalent processor. Therefore parallel processing by a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) was employed to reduce computation time. The optimised RMieS‐EMSC algorithm is applied to an IR spectroscopy data set of cultured single isolated prostate cancer (PC‐3) cells, where it is shown that spectral distortions from RMieS are removed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bioactivation of porous polyurethane scaffolds using fluorinated RGD surface modifiers
Authors: Blit Patrick H. , Shen Yi Hao , Ernsting Mark J. , Woodhouse Kimberly A. , Santerre J. Paul
Published: April 2010

Biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering require appropriate cell adhesion, proliferation, and infiltration into their three‐dimensional (3D) porous structures. Surface modification techniques have the potential to enhance cell infiltration into synthetic scaffolds while retaining bulk material properties intact. The objective of this work was to assess the potential of achieving a uniform surface modification in 3D porous constructs through the blending of surface‐modifying additives known as bioactive fluorinated surface modifiers (BFSMs) with a base polyurethane material. By coupling RGD peptides to the fluorinated surface modifiers to form RGD‐BFSMs, the BFSMs can act as a vehicle for the delivery of RGD moieties to the surface without direct covalent attachment to the polymer substrate. Fluorescent RGD‐BFSMs were shown to migrate to the polymer–air interfaces within the porous scaffolds by two‐photon confocal microscopy. A‐10 rat aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured for 4 weeks on nonmodified and RGD‐BFSM‐modified porous scaffolds, and cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability were quantified at different depths. RGD‐BFSM‐modified scaffolds showed significantly greater cell numbers within deeper regions of the scaffolds, and this difference became more pronounced over time. This study demonstrates an effective approach to promote cell adhesion and infiltration within thick (∼0.5 cm) porous synthetic scaffolds by providing a uniform distribution of adhesive peptide throughout the scaffolds without the use of covalent surface reaction chemistry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Tailoring the degradation kinetics of mesoporous silicon structures through PEGylation
Authors: Godin Biana , Gu Jianhua , Serda Rita E. , Bhavane Rohan , Tasciotti Ennio , Chiappini Ciro , Liu Xuewu , Tanaka Takemi , Decuzzi Paolo , Ferrari Mauro
Published: April 2010

Injectable and implantable porosified silicon (pSi) carriers and devices for prolonged and controlled delivery of biotherapeutics offer great promise for treatment of various chronic ailments and acute conditions. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are important surface modifiers currently used in clinic mostly to avoid uptake of particulates by reticulo‐endothelial system (RES). In this work we show for the first time that covalent attachment of PEGs to the pSi surface can be used as a means to tune degradation kinetics of silicon structures. Seven PEGs with varying molecular weights (245, 333, 509, 686, 1214, 3400, and 5000 Da) were employed and the degradation of PEGylated pSi hemispherical microparticles in simulated physiological conditions was monitored by means of ICP‐AES, SEM, and fluorimetry. Biocompatibility of the systems with human macrophages in vitro was also evaluated. The results clearly indicate that controlled PEGylation of silicon microparticles can offer a sensitive tool to finely tune their degradation kinetics and that the systems do not induce release of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 in THP1 human macrophages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
The relationship of polyethylene wear to particle size, distribution, and number: A possible factor explaining the risk of osteolysis after hip arthroplasty
Authors: Gallo Jiri , Slouf Miroslav , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: April 2010

The most critical factor in the development of periprosthetic osteolysis (OL) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the biological reaction to wear debris. This reaction is dependent, in part, on the size and concentration of particles, which are determined predominantly by the polyethylene (PE) wear rate. This implies that the risk for developing OL and prosthesis failure can be estimated from wear measurements. We developed a computational algorithm for calculating the total number of PE particles for volumetric wear when particle size and distribution are known. We found that: (i) total number of PE wear particles decreases up to 5 orders of magnitude if the average size of particles increases and the total volumetric wear remains constant; (ii) total amount of PE wear particles decreases up to 4 orders of magnitude if the width of the distribution increases and total volumetric wear remains constant; (iii) for the same volumetric wear, the number of particles significantly decreases/increases with the increase/decrease in their average size and range. These findings suggest that the risk for the development of OL in THA cannot be simply estimated from the volumetric wear alone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Fracture healing in mice under controlled rigid and flexible conditions using an adjustable external fixator
Authors: Röntgen Viktoria , Blakytny Robert , Matthys Romano , Landauer Mario , Wehner Tim , Göckelmann Melanie , Jermendy Philipp , Amling Michael , Schinke Thorsten , Claes Lutz , Ignatius Anita
Published: April 2010

Mice are increasingly used to investigate mechanobiology in fracture healing. The need exists for standardized models allowing for adjustment of the mechanical conditions in the fracture gap. We introduced such a model using rigid and flexible external fixators with considerably different stiffness (axial stiffnesses of 18.1 and 0.82 N/mm, respectively). Both fixators were used to stabilize a 0.5 mm osteotomy gap in the femur of C57BL/6 mice (each n = 8). Three‐point bending tests, µCT, and histomorphometry demonstrated a different healing pattern after 21 days. Both fixations induced callus formation with a mixture of intramembranous and enchondral ossification. Under flexible conditions, the bending stiffness of the callus was significantly reduced, and a larger but qualitatively inferior callus with a significantly lower fraction of bone but a higher fraction of cartilage and soft tissue was formed. Monitoring of the animal movement and the ground reaction forces demonstrated physiological loading with no significant differences between the groups, suggesting that the differences in healing were not based on a different loading behavior. In summary, flexible external fracture fixation of the mouse femur led to delayed fracture healing in comparison to a more rigid situation. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1456–1462, 2010
Platelet‐rich plasma on calcium phosphate granules promotes metaphyseal bone healing in mini‐pigs
Authors: Jungbluth Pascal , Wild Michael , Grassmann Jan‐Peter , Ar Ebru , Sager Martin , Herten Monika , Jäger Marcus , Becker Juergen , Windolf Joachim , Hakimi Mohssen
Published: April 2010

The role of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as a promoter of bone healing remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in combination with calcium phosphate granules (CPG) on bone defect healing in a metaphyseal long bone defect. A metaphyseal bone defect at the proximal tibia of 16 mini‐pigs was filled with CPG combined with autologous PRP or CPG solely (control group). The PRP showed 4.4‐fold more platelets compared to peripheral blood. Six weeks after surgery the radiological and histomorphometrical evaluations showed significantly more bone formation in the PRP group in the central area of the defect zone (p < 0.01) as well as the cortical defect zone (p < 0.04). Furthermore, the resorption rate of CPG was increased in animals who received PRP. Nevertheless there were only isolated instances of complete osseous bridging of the bone defects even in the PRP group. This study demonstrates that a PRP‐CPG composit promotes bone regeneration but does not lead to a solid fusion of a tibial defect in mini‐pigs. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1448–1455, 2010
Prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α differentially modulate matrix metabolism of human nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Vo Nam V. , Sowa Gwendolyn A. , Kang James D. , Seidel Christopher , Studer Rebecca K.
Published: April 2010

Prostaglandin (PG) actions on disc metabolism are unclear even though certain PGs are highly expressed by disc cells under inflammatory conditions and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to block PG production to treat back pain. Hence this study aimed to (1) quantify gene expression of arachidonic acid cascade components responsible for PG synthesis and (2) examine the effects of key PGs on disc matrix homeostasis. Microarray analysis revealed that inflammatory stress increases expression of synthases and receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), resulting in elevated PGE2 and PGF2α production in conditioned media of disc cells. PGE2 diminished disc cell proteoglycan synthesis, in a dose‐dependent manner. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR revealed differential effects of PGE2 and PGF2α on disc cell expression of key matrix structural genes, aggrecan, versican, collagens type I and II. PGE2 and PGF2α also decreased message for the anabolic factor, IGF‐1. PGE2 decreased mRNA expression for the anti‐catabolic factor TIMP‐1 while PGF2α increased mRNAs for catabolic factors MMP‐1 and MMP‐3. Thus, PGE2 and PGF2α may have an overall negative impact on disc matrix homeostasis, and the use of NSAIDs may impact disc metabolism as well as treat back pain. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1259–1266, 2010