bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on the CRISPR/Cas system
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , He Xiaoying , Zhang Yubo , Chen Lei , Pan Zhaobao , Huang Yueying , Li Heng
Published: October 2023

Object

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a bacterium that can cause zoonoses by aerosol transmission. Tuberculosis (TB) caused by MTB heavily burdens world public health security. Developing efficient, specific, convenient, and inexpensive MTB assays are essential for preventing and controlling TB.

Methods

In this study, we established a specific detection method for MTB using the Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system, combined with recombinase mediated isothermal nucleic acid amplification (RAA) to improve the sensitivity of the detection system and achieve “two-level” amplification of the detection signal. The sensitivity and specificity of RAA combined with the CRISPR/Cas system were analyzed. Using BACTEC 960 culture as the gold standard for detecting MTB, we established the TB-CRISPR technique by testing 504 samples from patients with suspected TB.

Results

MTB H37Ra could be seen as low as 3.13 CFU/mL by the CRISPR-Cas12a system targeting IS6110. With BACTEC960 culture (120 positives and 384 negatives) as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the TB-CRISPR technique was 0.883 (0.809–0.932), and the specificity was 0.940 (0.910–0.961). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) reached 0.944 (0.914–0.975) within 95% CI. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 14.747 (9.870-22.035), and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.124 (0.076–0.203). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.822 (0.742–0.881), and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.963 (0.937–0.979).

Conclusion

TB-CRISPR plays an essential role in the molecular diagnosis of TB. The whole detection time is less than 1.5 h. It is easy to operate and does not need complex instruments. It is of great significance for the rapid detection of MTB and the clinical diagnosis of TB.
Chronic disease prevention literacy and its influence on behavior and lifestyle: a cross-sectional study in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Abudireyimu Alimire , Su Yinxia , Hu Conghui , Li Yuanyuan , Yao Hua
Published: October 2023

Objective

To understand the status and influencing factors of Kyrgyz chronic disease prevention literacy, and to explore the impact of chronic disease prevention literacy on behavior and living habits.

Method

Using stratified sampling method, Kyrgyz residents aged ≥ 18 years in Artush City, Aheqi County and Ucha County were surveyed by questionnaire.

Results

A total of 10,468 subjects were investigated, and the literacy rate of chronic disease prevention in Kyrgyz was 11.2%. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the literacy rate of chronic disease prevention was low among people with low education level, herdsmen, low income, urban and chronic disease (P < 0.05). Residents with chronic disease prevention literacy were more inclined to not smoke, not drink alcohol, drink milk every day, eat soy products every month, eat whole grains every day (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The literacy level of chronic disease prevention of Kyrgyz residents in Kezhou has been improved, but it is still at a low level compared with another subcategories. The behavioral lifestyle is related to the literacy level of chronic disease prevention. Therefore, local health promotion strategies should be developed to improve the literacy level of chronic disease prevention and promote the formation of good behavioral and living habits.
Exploring the interest of medical students in global health in South Korea: Does taking a global health course matter?
Authors: Park Jayoung , Hwang Jongnam , Lim Yeji , Heo Jongho , Kim Woong-Han
Published: October 2023

Background

Prioritizing global health is important for positive health outcomes. Doctors play a pivotal role in addressing health issues that they need to recognize the importance of global health practice. However, medical education in global health is still in its early stages in many countries, including South Korea.

Methods

This study is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Medical students were recruited from all 40 Korean medical schools and data collection was conducted in 2021. Stratified proportional quota sampling was employed as the sampling method. The study examined medical students’ interest in global health as the dependent variable. Independent variables included whether individuals had taken global health courses as part of their medical curriculum, while covariates included student background and institutional factors. Logistic regression was used to determine if taking a global health class was associated with global health interests.

Results

The study included 2450 participants and almost 32% of medical students (n = 781) were interested in global health. Taking global health classes in school was associated with a higher likelihood of developing an interest in global health (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.00-1.67). The likelihood of being interested in global health decreased across the academic year (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.94). Individuals in graduate entry programs were associated with an interest in global health (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.72).

Conclusion

This study provides the first comprehensive nationwide assessment of medical students’ perspectives on global health education in South Korea. The findings underscore the importance of early and sustained exposure to global health topics in medical education in fostering interest in global health. These results can serve as valuable evidence for medical educators seeking to integrate global health education into their curricula.
Implementation determinants of physical activity interventions in primary health care settings using the TICD framework: a systematic review
Authors: Silva Catarina Santos , Godinho Cristina , Encantado Jorge , Rodrigues Bruno , Carraça Eliana V. , Teixeira Pedro J. , Silva Marlene Nunes
Published: October 2023

Background

Translation into practice of effective physical activity interventions in primary care is difficult, due to a complex interaction of implementation determinants. We aimed to identify implementation barriers and facilitators of four primary care interventions: physical activity assessment, counselling, prescription, and referral.

Methods

A systematic review of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies published since 2016 was conducted. The “Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases” (TICD) framework was adapted to extract and synthesize barriers and facilitators.

Results

Sixty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Barriers (n = 56) and facilitators (n = 55) were identified across seven domains, related to characteristics of the intervention, individual factors of the implementers and receivers, organizational factors, and political and social determinants. The five most frequently reported determinants were: professionals’ knowledge and skills; intervention feasibility/compatibility with primary health care routine; interventions’ cost and financial incentives; tools and materials; and professionals’ cognitions and attitudes. “Social, political and legal factors” domain was the least reported. Physical activity counselling, prescription, and referral were influenced by determinants belonging to all the seven domains.

Conclusion

The implementation of physical activity interventions in primary care is influenced by a broader range of determinants. Barriers and facilitators related with health professionals, intervention characteristics, and available resources were the most frequently reported. A deep understanding of the local context, with particularly emphasis on these determinants, should be considered when preparing an intervention implementation, in order to contribute for designing tailored implementation strategies and optimize the interventions’ effectiveness.
Clinical efficacy analysis of percutaneous “tripod” combined with radiofrequency ablation and bone cement filling in the treatment of periacetabular metastases
Authors: Lan Yun , Li Ruoyu , Jiang Linheng , Zhou Nannan , He Mincon , Fang Bin , Yi Chunzhi
Published: October 2023

Background

To investigate the clinical efficacy of a percutaneous “tripod” combined with radiofrequency ablation and bone cement filling surgery in treating acetabular bone metastases.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who underwent percutaneous “tripod” combined with radiofrequency ablation and bone cement filling for acetabular bone metastases at a tertiary care hospital from February 2021 to December 2022.

Results

11 cases with 13 hips underwent this procedure, including two female patients who underwent both sides, and the rest were unilateral. All cases were followed up for 3–24 months, with a mean of 12 months and a median follow-up time of 11 months. Two of the 11 patients died by the final follow-up, and nine survived. One died 7 months after surgery, and one died 8 months after surgery; the survival of the deceased patients was 7.5 months (range: 7–8 months), with a median survival time of 7.5 months. All 11 patients completed the surgery successfully, and the average unilateral operation time was 167.4 min (148–193). The amelioration of postoperative pain, concomitant with improved quality of life, was observed significantly, ultimately resulting in a prolonged and sustained effect.

Conclusions

The combination of percutaneous “tripod”, radiofrequency ablation, and bone cement filling can effectively relieve pain without delaying the patient's systemic anti-tumor therapy and is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of periacetabular metastases.
Validation of the Cantonese version of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Body constitution Questionnaire in elderly people
Authors: Wong Yiu Lin , Zhang Jialing , Wu Xingyao , Wong Suet Yee , Wang Zheng , Zhong Linda L. D. , Bian Zhaoxiang
Published: October 2023

Background

The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Body Constitution Questionnaire (For Elderly People) (TCMECQ) is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire developed in Mandarin in 2013 to differentiate the body constitutions of the elderly aged 65 and above. Considering the cultural and linguistic differences between Mainland China and Hong Kong (HK) Special Administrative Region, the TCMECQ was translated into Cantonese following “back translation” policy and validated in proper process.

Methods

Ten Chinese Medicine Practitioners (CMPs) and 30 senior citizens aged 65 or above were recruited to evaluate the first version of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitution Questionnaire (For Elderly People) (Cantonese version) (TCMECQ-C). Based on their comments, the second version was developed and discussed in the panel meeting to form the third version, validated the third version on 270 recruited seniors. Based on the validation results, a panel of 5 experts finalized the Questionnaire as the final version. The TCMECQ-C developers finalized the Questionnaire as the validated endorsed third version (i.e. final version).

Results

The item-level content validity index of most items of the TCMECQ-C (First Version) were ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 in terms of clarity, relevance and appropriateness. Factor loadings of Qi-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.37 to 0.71, Yang-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.65, Yin-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.65, and Stagnant Qi Constitution ranging from 0.68 to 0.82. The chi-squared degree-of-freedom ratio was 2.13 (928.63/436), Goodness-of-Fit Index (0.83), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (0.79), Normed Fit Index (0.66), Comparative Fit Index (0.78), Incremental Fit Index (0.78), Relative Fit Index (0.61) and Tucker–Lewis Index (0.75), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (0.07) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (0.07), implied acceptable Confirmatory Factor Analysis model fit of the overall scale. A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) showed the sufficient convergent validity for excessive subscales (Phlegm-dampness Constitution and Dampness-heat Constitution with r = 0.35, p < 0.01). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.56 to 0.89, including Qi-deficiency Constitution (0.67), Yang-deficiency Constitution (0.84), Yin-deficiency Constitution (0.59), Stagnant Blood Constitution (0.56), Stagnant Qi Constitution (0.89), Inherited Special Constitution (0.76) and Balanced Constitution (0.73), indicating acceptable internal consistency for subscales. The intra-class correlation coefficients of the TCMECQ-C ranged from 0.70 to 0.87 (p < 0.001), indicating moderate to good test–retest reliability.

Conclusion

TCMECQ-C is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the body constitution in Cantonese elderly.
Long-term benefits of physical activity in adult patients with late onset Pompe disease: a retrospective cohort study with 10 years of follow-up
Authors: Ismailova Gamida , Wagenmakers Margreet A. E. M. , Brusse Esther , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Favejee Marein M. , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. , van den Berg Linda E. M.
Published: October 2023

Background

In 2011 a 12 weeks personalized exercise training program in 23 mildly affected adult late onset Pompe patients (age 19.6–70.5 years) improved endurance, muscle strength and function. Data on long-term effects of this program or of other physical activity in Pompe disease are absent. This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore effects of long-term healthy physical activity according to the WHO norm and the former exercise training program on the disease course.

Results

A total of 29 adult late onset Pompe patients were included: 19 former exercise training program participants and 10 comparable control patients. Patients, who based on interviews, met the 2010 WHO healthy physical activity norm (active, n = 16) performed better on endurance (maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle strength and function compared to patients not meeting this norm (inactive, n = 13) (p < 0.05). Majority of the outcomes, including endurance and manually tested muscle strength, tended to be higher in the active patients of the 2011 training cohort who continued the program compared to active control patients (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In Pompe disease long-term healthy physical activity according to the 2010 WHO norm leads to physical benefits and a personalized exercise training program may have additional favorable effects and both should be recommended as standard of care.
A pilot study: handgrip as a predictor in the disease progression of SCA3
Authors: Chiu Chungmin , Cheng Wenling , Lin Yongshiou , Lin Tatsung , Chang Huiju , Chang Yujun , Lee Chiaju , Chang Henhong , Liu Chinsan
Published: October 2023

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited, autosomal, and rare neurodegenerative disease. Serum/plasma biomarkers or functional magnetic resonance imaging used to assess progression, except for neurological examinations, is either inconvenient or expensive. Handgrip strength (HGS) may be considered as a biomarker to predict the progress of SCA3 and align with the alteration of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA).

Methods

Patients with SCA3 and healthy subjects were recruited from Changhua Christian Hospital. SARA, body mass index (BMI), and NfL were obtained for both groups. HGS was measured using a Jamar Plus + hand dynamometer.

Results

This study recruited 31 patients and 36 controls. HGS in the SCA3 group revealed a profound decrease (P < 0.001) compared with normal subjects. HGS also had a negative correlation with SARA (r =  − 0.548, P = 0.001), NfL (r =  − 0.359, P = 0.048), and a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.680, P < 0.001). Moreover, HGS/BMI ratio correlated with SARA (r =  − 0.441, P = 0.013). Controlling for gender and age, HGS still correlated with the above clinical items. The initial hypothesis was also proved in SCA3 84Q transgenic mice, showing grip strength weakness compared to normal mice.

Conclusions

HGS can be an alternative tool to assess the clinical severity of SCA3. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
OCOSO2: study protocol for a single-blinded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial assessing a central venous oxygen saturation-based goal-directed therapy to reduce postoperative complications in high-risk patients after elective major surgery
Authors: Pastene Bruno , Bernat Matthieu , Baumstark Karine , Bezulier Karine , Gricourt Yann , De Guibert Jean-Manuel , Charvet Aude , Colin Manon , Leone Marc , Zieleskiewicz Laurent
Published: October 2023

Background

Fluid loading-based goal-directed therapy is a cornerstone of anaesthesia management in major surgery. Its widespread application has contributed to a significant improvement in perioperative morbidity and mortality. In theory, only hypovolemic patients should receive fluid therapy. However, to achieve such a diagnosis, a surrogate marker of cardiac output adequacy must be used. Current methods of fluid loading-based goal-directed therapy do not assess cardiac output adequacy. Nowadays, new devices make it possible to continuously monitor central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and therefore, to assess the adequacy of perioperative cardiac output during surgery. In major surgery, ScvO2-based goal-directed therapy can be used to enhance fluid therapy and improve patient outcomes.

Methods

We designed a prospective, randomised, single-blinded, multicentre controlled superiority study with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients to be included will be high-risk major surgery patients (> 50 years old, ASA score > 2, major intra-abdominal or intra-thoracic surgery > 90 min). Patients in the control group will undergo standard fluid loading-based goal-directed therapy, as recommended by the guidelines. Patients in the intervention group will have ScvO2-based goal-directed therapy and receive fluid loading only if fluid responsiveness and cardiac output inadequacy are present. The primary outcome will be the Comprehensive Complication Index on day five postoperatively.

Discussion

This study is the first to address the issue of cardiac output adequacy in goal-directed therapy. Our hypothesis is that cardiac output optimisation during major surgery achieved by continuous monitoring of the ScvO2 to guide fluid therapy will result in a reduction of postoperative complications as compared with current goal-directed fluid therapy practices.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03828565. Registered on February 4, 2019.
FlowDIR: a MATLAB tool for rapidly and probabilistically forecasting the travel directions of volcanic flows
Authors: Tennant Eleanor , Jenkins Susanna F. , Biass Sébastien
Published: October 2023

We present FlowDIR, a MATLAB tool that rapidly and objectively quantifies future travel direction probabilities for topographically controlled hazardous flows, based on analysis of summit topography. FlowDIR can achieve probabilistic forecasts of future travel directions in minutes and provides a basis for choosing the starting co-ordinates required by empirical flow models. In this work we describe the development of FlowDIR, perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of input parameters on forecasted probabilities, and demonstrate its effectiveness in the retrospective forecasting of travel directions for block-and-ash flows and lava flows at three volcanoes with different summit morphologies (Shinmoedake, Colima and Merapi). In all case studies, the higher probability flow directions identified using FlowDIR agreed with the travel direction of historically observed flows. Given its intuitive outputs and rapid execution time, FlowDIR can be used to supplement existing modelling strategies for hazard assessment of topographically controlled hazardous flows prior to and during crisis. We demonstrate this by coupling FlowDIR output probabilities with an empirical hazard model to estimate probability of block-and-ash flow inundation at Gede volcano, Indonesia.
Clinical and experimental evidence suggest omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is inherently less pathogenic than delta variant independent of previous immunity
Authors: Thiruvengadam Ramachandran , Rizvi Zaigham Abbas , Raghavan Sreevatsan , Murugesan Deepika Rathna , Gosain Mudita , Dandotiya Jyotsna , Ayushi  , Samal Sweety , Pandey Anil K. , Wadhwa Nitya , Bhatnagar Shinjini , Awasthi Amit , Garg Pramod Kumar
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To study clinical disease outcomes in both human and animal models to understand the pathogenicity of omicron compared to the delta variant.

Methods

In this cross-sectional observational study, clinical outcomes of adults who tested positive at 2 testing centres in Delhi National Capital Region between January 2022 and March 2022 (omicron-infected; N = 2998) were compared to a similar geographical cohort (delta-infected; N = 3292). In addition, disease course and outcomes were studied in SARS-CoV-2-infected golden Syrian hamsters and K-18 humanized ACE2 transgenic mice.

Results

Omicron variant infection was associated with a milder clinical course [83% (95% CI 61, 94) reduced risk of severity compared against delta] adjusting for vaccination, age, sex, prior infection and occupational risk. This correlated with lower disease index and vir comparing omicron with other variants in animal models.

Conclusions

Infections caused by the omicron variant were milder compared to those caused by the delta variant independent of previous immunity.
Chromosomal organization of multigene families and meiotic analysis in species of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) from Brazilian Amazon, with description of a new cytotype for genus Spatuloricaria
Authors: Almeida Bruno Rafael Ribeiro de , Farias Souza Luciano , Alves Thyana Ayres , Cardoso Adauto Lima , de Oliveira Juliana Amorim , Augusto Ribas Talita Fernanda , Dos Santos Carlos Eduardo Vasconcelos , do Nascimento Luís Adriano Santos , Sousa Leandro Melo , da Cunha Sampaio Maria Iracilda , Martins Cesar , Nagamachi Cleusa Yoshiko , Pieczarka Julio Cesar , Noronha Renata Coelho Rodrigues
Published: October 2023

In the Amazon, some species of Loricariidae are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss and overexploitation by the ornamental fish market. Cytogenetic data related to the karyotype and meiotic cycle can contribute to understanding the reproductive biology and help management and conservation programs of these fish. Additionally, chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNA in Loricariidae may aid comparative genomic studies in this family. However, cytogenetics analysis is limited in Amazonian locariids. In this study, chromosomal mapping of multigenic families was performed in Scobinancistrus aureatus, Scobinancistrus pariolispos and Spatuloricaria sp. Meiotic analyzes were performed in Hypancistrus zebra and Hypancistrus sp. “pão”. Results showed new karyotype for Spatuloricaria sp. (2n=66, NF=82, 50m-10sm-6m). Distinct patterns of chromosomal organization of histone H1, histone H3 and snDNA U2 genes were registered in the karyotypes of the studied species, proving to be an excellent cytotaxonomic tool. Hypotheses to explain the evolutionary dynamics of these sequences in studied Loricariidae were proposed. Regarding H. zebra and H. sp. “pão”, we describe the events related to synapse and transcriptional activity during the meiotic cycle, which in both species showed 26 fully synapsed bivalents, with high gene expression only during zygotene and pachytene. Both Hypancistrus species could be used may be models for evaluating changes in spermatogenesis of Loricariidae.
Adverse Event Assessment and Reporting in Exercise Oncology: A Review
Authors: Dunn Riley M. , Hayes Sandra C. , Sandler Carolina X. , Spence Rosalind R.
Published: October 2023

Exercise oncology trials report few adverse events, but the extent to which these adverse events are assessed and reported has yet to be quantified. The aim of this review was to evaluate adverse events assessment and reporting in exercise oncology trials that informed the American College of Sports Medicine’s 2019 Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors, the leading guidelines document in exercise oncology. All trials that inform the Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors were sourced for evaluation. In total, 231 clinical trials were identified. Approximately one-in-two trials included no detail of adverse event assessment methods and did not report intervention-related harms. Trials that described an adverse event assessment protocol reported higher numbers of adverse events compared with trials that did not. Many trials reported that adverse events were related to exercise; however, the majority of the trials did not define how this relationship was determined. Although the benefit of exercise postcancer is well established, findings from this review highlight the inadequacies of adverse events reporting within the exercise oncology field. The development and evaluation of a standardized adverse events assessment and reporting protocol for use in exercise oncology trials is needed.
Η αξίωση αποκατάστασης της ζημίας από οριζόντια σύμπραξη επιχειρήσεων (καρτέλ) κατά το Ν. 4529/2018
Authors: Κουτσούκη Δάφνη
Published: October 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται την ιδιωτική επιβολή των κανόνων ανταγωνισμού (private enforcement) και ιδίως τις αγωγές αποζημίωσης από παράβαση των ενωσιακών και ελληνικών κανόνων ανταγωνισμού μέσω οριζόντιων συμπράξεων (καρτέλ), με βάση το Ν. 4529/2018 και την Οδηγία 2014/104/ΕΕ. Η διωκόμενη αποσαφήνιση της νομικής κατάστασης υπό την ισχύ του Ν. 4529/2018 συμβάλλει στην αποτελεσματική άσκηση των αγωγών αποζημίωσης και ενισχύει την αποτρεπτική λειτουργία τους στο σύστημα επιβολής του ενωσιακού και ελληνικού δικαίου ανταγωνισμού. Ερευνά και αναλύει τόσο τις διαδικαστικές προϋποθέσεις της αποζημιωτικής δίκης (ενεργητική και παθητική νομιμοποίηση) όσο και τις ουσιαστικές προϋποθέσεις της αξίωσης αποζημίωσης, όπως είναι το παράνομο και η περί τούτου δεσμευτικότητα των απρόσβλητων αποφάσεων των αρχών ανταγωνισμού και των αναθεωρητικών δικαστηρίων, η ζημία, η αιτιώδης συνάφεια και η υπαιτιότητα. Ακόμη αντικείμενο έρευνας αποτελούν ο καινοφανής θεσμός της κοινοποίησης εγγράφων, τα ζητήματα που συνέχονται με την παραγραφή της αξίωσης αποζημίωσης και τέλος η επικουρική αξίωσης της απόδοσης της κτηθείσας ωφέλειας του παραβάτη με ζημία του ζημιωθέντος. Λαμβάνει υπόψη όλη τη συναφή νομολογία του ΔΕΕ αλλά και, κυρίως, τη γερμανική θεωρία και νομολογία, χωρίς να παραλείπονται οι αναγκαίες αναφορές στο κοινό δίκαιο και τη νομολογία.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on menstrual hygiene among school-going adolescent students in the rural areas of Wardha district, Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Rathod Ashwini , Muneshwar Komal
Published: October 2023

Introduction: In many Indian studies, menstruation is considered a female subject because only girls and women are affected. Adolescent boys are excluded, demonstrating that menstruation is recognized as a social phenomenon with gender differences. Boys’ knowledge and attitudes about menstruation and socio-economic variables influencing their experiences related to menstruation must be investigated if boys are to play a substantial part in improving women's health. Boys’ participation in improving women’s health and reducing gender inequalities is where reducing gender inequalities in adolescent health must begin. We will study boys' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about menstruation to understand the role of social determinants in their experiences. The study investigates the knowledge of menstruation, sources of knowledge, attitudes towards menstruation and menstrual hygiene management of adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study will be conducted on adolescent school-going students in government schools using a questionnaire, which includes questions on socio-economic variables, family, and education. The study population will include 154 students in the age group of 10–19 years. Both boys and girls are included in the study population. Results: The findings of the study will provide insights that can be used to improve the menstrual hygiene practices of the target population of adolescents group age 10–19 years old. The study finding will also show the knowledge of adolescents about menstruation. It also indicates how boys assist and emotionally support their menstruating family members and colleagues.
Gender gaps in research: a systematic review
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Isabel Cristina , Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Escobar Gissel Carolina
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite significant advancements in closing the global gender gap, there is still much progress to be made, particularly in the field of science and scientific research. Numerous studies have addressed this issue and identified a variety of factors that contribute to gender asymmetries in research.

Methods: This study aimed to identify the determinants of gender gaps in scientific research present in the most cited studies of the past ten years as a first step towards closing these differences. Through a systematic literature review that incorporated the Proknow-C Knowledge Development Process and Constructivism methodology.

Results: The results lead us to identify four dimensions to classify the determinants of the gaps in scientific research: academic supply, research policies, scientific production and researcher profile with their respective quantitative or qualitative indicators.

Conclusions: As a potential basis for further modeling that offers greater analytical and correlational depth, as well as the identification of targeted strategies aimed at reducing gender gaps in research.
«QUIET» TRENDS IN HR MANAGEMENT: NEW TERMS OR NEW PROBLEMS?
Authors: Konovalova Valeriya
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to a study from the point of view of personnel management of the phenomenon of «quiet quitting» — a way of thinking in which employees deliberately limit their work activities to a description of their work, meet, but do not exceed pre-set expectations, never voluntarily take on additional tasks and do it all simply to maintain their current employment status, prioritizing their well-being over the achievement of organizational goals. Based on the generalization of the results of global and national studies, the main reasons for the spread of this phenomenon (including among young employees), as well as potential business risks that may arise as a result of «quiet quitting», if this phenomenon persists for a long time, are highlighted. The conclusion is substantiated that the phenomenon of «quiet quitting» is only partly a consequence of work during the pandemic, representing part of a larger picture of rethinking the institution of work. The interrelation of the problem of «quiet quitting» and the application of the practices of «quiet firing» and «quiet hiring» by organizations, their possible consequences for organizations and personnel are analyzed. Some proposals for the prevention of «quiet quitting» are presented, concerning the management of burnout, promotion of work-life balance, support for the mental health of employees and their development.
ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA IN THE ASPECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ismagilova Galina , Lysenko E.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the ecosystem approach as a new management paradigm. The need for ecosystem transformation is an attempt to ensure the sustainable functioning of an organized system by creating a system of permanent connections and continuous communication both in the external and internal environment. From the point of view of human resource management, the specifics of the ecosystem approach is the consideration of a person as a consumer, whose interests are placed at the center of change. In the ecosystem approach, the marketing focus on the person is maximally expressed. The authors show the features of  ecosystem transformation in  the system of  higher education, based on  the properties of  the ecosystem: independence, uniqueness, interconnection, openness, and flexibility. The formation of an ecosystem of human resource management in the educational environment is considered as an urgent and demanded task.
CORPORATE CULTURE AND EMPLOYER BRAND IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Schanina E. , Schanina E.
Published: October 2023

In the modern world, the successful development of any enterprise in any field depends on a number of factors, including the creation of a favorable corporate culture. Corporate culture is becoming an increasingly important aspect of doing business today. In this regard, the formation of a common vision of goals and objectives, a single strategy and sustainable values, which must be implemented at all levels and management structures, are of fundamental importance.

The article focuses on the fact that in modern conditions, the process of forming an effective corporate culture is associated with three important elements: external and internal HR-brand and social policy. The internal HR brand is a certain set of tools with which the strategy of staff retention and development is implemented, thereby developing employee loyalty. An internal HR brand is a powerful tool for creating and strengthening ties between employees and the employer, as well as ensuring their commitment to the company. In turn, an external HR brand is a set of activities aimed at attracting new personnel and strengthening the company's image in the external labor market, since it affects the perception of the company by potential employees and partners. Also, an equally important element of corporate culture is the social policy of the enterprise, which is aimed at improving working conditions and improving the quality of life of employees. Social policy includes elements such as bonuses, benefits and other programs that are aimed at showing the company's concern for its employees and creating a positive image. All these factors together give uniqueness to the corporate culture of the enterprise and influence its success in the long term.
La invención romántica de la Edad Media. Representaciones del Medievo en el siglo XIX
Authors: Comellas Aguirrezábal Mercedes
Published: October 2023

Durante el extraordinario desarrollo del pensamiento historicista y de la producción historiográfica romántica, la Edad Media suministró muchos de los principales motivos y argumentos. Este volumen se adentra, desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar, en las representaciones de ese pasado durante el siglo XIX a partir de la visión de especialistas en historia, teoría e historia literaria e historia del arte, que analizan el aprovechamiento que estos autores hicieron del Medievo y cómo la imagen forjada sobre aquellos siglos casi desconocidos contribuyó a la construcción sentimental de la nación actual. Las visiones pictóricas y literarias de esa época configuraron una historia que todavía hoy en gran medida se conserva y se discute.
Uso de Twitter y repercusión en medios de comunicación de la Semana Santa andaluza ante la suspensión de las procesiones provocada por el Covid-19.
Authors: Cristófol Francisco Javier , Segarra-Saavedra Jesús , Cristófol-Rodríguez Carmen
Published: October 2023

La Semana Santa en Andalucía es una de las mayores manifestaciones de religiosidad popular. En ella, los ciudadanos participan de las procesiones, actos y eventos tradicionales desde el siglo XIV. El Covid-19 supuso que en 2020 y 2021 no se pudieran celebrar dichos actos en la calle, pero la labor de las cofradías permaneció activa, especialmente en redes sociales, de lo que se hicieron eco los medios de comunicación. Este artículo utiliza el análisis de contenido para investigar los 2.856 tweets publicados por las instituciones que organizan las procesiones de Semana Santa en las ocho capitales de provincia de Andalucía entre 14/03/2020 y 31/01/2021. Además, se ha efectuado una categorización automática con MeaningCloud y se ha analizado su presencia en medios a través de MyNews, con el fin de identificar noticias relacionadas con las exposiciones del patrimonio religioso de las cofradías que se anunciaron en Semana Santa ante la ausencia de procesiones presenciales. Este último análisis se realizó con las publicaciones entre el 01/01/2021 y el 28/02/2021. Se detecta que el Consejo de Hermandades de Sevilla fue la entidad con más posts, pero también la que más tweets no consiguieron retweet por parte de la comunidad online; y que la publicación de contenidos se concentró en abril de 2020. Se confirma que la cantidad de publicaciones en Twitter no implica una mayor repercusión o interacción con los públicos y que el análisis con herramientas automatizadas no está adaptado a la terminología específica y la presencia en medios no es relevante
Is Full Price the Full Story When Consumers Have Time and Budget Constraints?
Authors: Li Simin , Lariviere Martin A. , Bassamboo Achal
Published: October 2023

Problem definition: A canonical model in service management assumes that consumers base the purchase of a service on its full price, that is, a linear combination of the monetary price and the expected time commitment. Although analytically convenient, when this assumption holds is an unexplored question. Methodology/results: We present a model of consumers allocating their time and money between working, overhead activities that do not provide utility, one continuous leisure activity, and one discrete service. Both continuous leisure activity and discrete service increase utility. Consumers can allocate any nonnegative amount of time or money to the leisure activity. Consumption of the discrete service requires a specific amount of time and money. We examine when the decision to purchase the discrete service depends only on its full price. We show that the full-price assumption does hold in specific cases. To be precise, it depends on how consumers are paid. If consumers completely control the amount of time that they work and earn a constant wage, they base their purchase decision on the full price. If, however, they must work a fixed shift length, then the assumption fails, and the full price is not sufficient to determine the consumer’s action. This leads to systematic differences in sellers’ strategies when they serve consumers with different compensation structures. If the consumers must work longer than would be optimal if they controlled their schedule and earned the same hourly wage, that is, the consumers are overemployed shift workers, then a seller restricts sales (relative to selling to consumers who control their work hours), and the system is less congested. The reverse holds if the consumers would prefer to work longer at the offered wage; that is, the consumers are underemployed shift workers. Managerial implications: We show that sellers who fail to take prevailing compensation structures of the community they serve into consideration experience significant revenue loss. In some cases, we see losses in consumer surplus and social welfare as well.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0357 .
An evaluation of clinical fellow programmes in an acute teaching hospital trust
Authors: Galloway Rob , Castle John , Brown Amy , Richardson Daniel
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims

Clinical fellows support the hospital workforce while gaining experience in different specialities, research, leadership and teaching. The authors aimed to assess the impact of clinical fellow programmes in an acute teaching hospital trust.

Methods

An anonymous electronic service evaluation was sent to clinical fellows to investigate their views on whether the programme had improved patient safety, doctors' clinical performance, training and wellbeing. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the free-text responses.

Results

A total of 95 out of 144 clinical fellows responded to the evaluation survey. The clinical fellows believed that the programme had improved patient safety, clinical performance (time to manage acute patients), foundation and internal medicine training, undergraduate teaching and junior doctors' wellbeing. Four similar themes emerged from the free-text responses: career development, patient safety, training and doctors' wellbeing.

Conclusions

Clinical fellow programmes may improve patient safety, clinical performance, training, undergraduate education and doctors' wellbeing.
Young women and the Women, Peace and Security agenda
Authors: Lee-Koo Katrina
Published: October 2023

This article demonstrates the absence of young women in the formal global architecture of the United Nations Security Council’s Women, Peace and Security agenda. It shows that there is little meaningful engagement with young women in the ten Women, Peace and Security resolutions and subsequently in the Women, Peace and Security national action plans designed by United Nations member states to implement the agenda. This article argues that the failure to explicitly consider young women undermines the intergenerational sustainability of the agenda, misses an opportunity to align Women, Peace and Security with the more recent Youth, Peace and Security agenda, and discourages inclusive thinking regarding the unique ways in which young women experience conflict and contribute to peace. In doing so, the article contributes to the growing voices advocating for a more inclusive approach to Women, Peace and Security, and makes a case for how young women’s explicit inclusion can strengthen the agenda.
L'imperatiu de la gestió emocional. Psicologització i despolitització en temps de la covid
Authors: Bertolin Ros Patricia
Published: October 2023

Davant la irrupció de la covid-19, el discurs de la “gestió emocional” va permear en diversos contextos, des de les escoles, fins a l’interior de les cases, de la mà de coachings, webs, instagramers, etc. En aquest context, la Generalitat de Catalunya va posar a disposició de la ciutadania la plataforma digital GestióEmocional.cat amb l’objectiu que les persones amb malestars psicològics poguessin autogestionar les seves emocions des de casa. El present assaig busca comprendre alguns dels processos socials, econòmics i històrics que fan que, avui en dia, la gestió emocional sigui un dels recursos més estesos a les societats neoliberals. Al llarg de l’article, es duu a terme una reflexió sistemàtica que convida a problematitzar la “gestió emocional” en el context neoliberal, a través de fer dialogar alguns dels debats teòrics vers la temàtica, en el cas concret de la plataforma digital GestióEmocional.cat. En primer lloc, s’intentarà comprendre com aquests tipus de polítiques parteixen d’un abordatge psicologitzador de les desigualtats estructurals, deixant en un segon o tercer pla les variables estructurals i socioculturals en l’abordatge dels malestars psicològics. En segon lloc, s’exposarà com l’imperatiu de la gestió emocional no s’hauria pogut desplegar sense l’emergència d’un subjecte disposat a gestionar totes les esferes de la seva vida, inclús les emocions. Però a més, s’il·lustrarà com la gestió emocional desplega un seguit de “tècniques psi” que empenyen als individus a una constant autorealització de si per tal d’assolir els ideals de benestar, comportant una despolitització generalitzada.
Activismo fronterizo: estrategias entrelazadas y aperturas políticas y epistémicas
Authors: Torres Heredia Marcela
Published: October 2023

El escrito plantea una serie de reflexiones sobre diversos elementos que permean las estrategias de movilización política de migrantes del Sur Global articuladas con colectivos locales en el espacio de Viena, Austria. Se postula que este espacio político puede ser analizado desde la perspectiva de La Frontera de Gloria Anzaldúa, que señala de un lado, la existencia de líneas divisoras, construidas para generar exclusiones y jerarquías; de otro lado, reflexiona sobre las posibilidades de articulación, mediaciones, intersecciones, espacios intermedios en las confluencias que emergen al habitar La Frontera. Con este fin, en este texto se propone la noción de activismo fronterizo como una posibilidad para comprender las diversas operaciones, tensiones y potencialidades de diversos espacios de articulación y alianzas políticas que emergen en el entrecruzamiento discursivo y performático de espacios de politización, permitiendo la transversalización e internacionalización de diversas luchas sociales. Se llama la atención sobre la importancia de situar y contextualizar las estrategias políticas al contexto específico en el que se desarrollan, mediante ejercicios de traducción: estas son operaciones que ocurren en diversos momentos y apuntan a dar o construir sentidos en el espacio geográfico y político en el cual se aplican, a las genealogías e influencias provenientes de otros espacios discursivos y simbólicos, las cuales cobran sentido por medio de las acciones y los sujetos que las transportan. Las traducciones permiten articular influencias discursivas, así como prácticas políticas en el espacio local, al tiempo, abren horizontes políticos más allá de la “escencialización” de las identidades políticas, los privilegios epistémicos y la externalización de los retos sociales.
Juridizaciones en las fronteras. Procesos de misionalización y construcción de derecho indígena en Paraguay y Argentina (1978-1984)
Authors: Leone Jouanny Miguel
Published: October 2023

El texto analiza procesos de misionalización indígena generados en las décadas de 1970/80 en territorios chaqueños de Paraguay y Argentina. Indaga sobre las relaciones existentes entre agentes cristianos de pastoral asentados a uno y otro lado de la frontera nacional, y plantea que tales vínculos fueron un elemento relevante para comprender la dinámica que tomó la sanción y contenido de la Ley Integral del Aborigen en la provincia de Formosa (1984) -ubicada en el extremo noreste de Argentina. El análisis se apoya en los conceptos de juridización, pastoral aborigen y frontera. El primero, resulta necesario para pensar el proceso histórico mediante el cual las legislaciones son producidas. Pastoral aborigen, en cambio, es un término nativo que remite a diversos actores eclesiásticos cristianos (obispos, sacerdotes, laicos y laicas consagradas, religiosas, seminaristas, pastores protestantes, entre otros) que desde la década del sesenta del siglo XX se dedicaron a trabajar y vivir junto a pueblos originarios imprimiendo a su práctica cierto sentido “liberacionista”. Aquel término nativo aquí es conceptualizado para comprender a ese sujeto colectivo y el espacio de sociabilidad cristiana indigenista en el que se configuró. El concepto de frontera, por último, resulta necesario para analizar las diversas dinámicas fronterizas que tuvieron lugar en el proceso histórico bajo estudio (concepto/objeto, concepto/metáfora, border, frontier y fronteras étnicas). Metodológicamente, el artículo se nutre de documentos históricos, publicaciones periódicas y análisis de fuentes secundarias.
Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of fractures in pillow basalt
Authors: Mondal Tridib , Mondal Sourav , Biswas Sirshendu , Das Gourav
Published: October 2023

We investigated the origin and spatio-temporal evolution of cooling fractures in pillow basalt which undergo thermal contraction after their eruption in an aqueous environment. Through a computer-based simulation using Fourier transformation, the thermo elastic stress displacement profiles within individual pillow units are determined. The scaled model (pillow diameter - 1 meter) generated radial, linear fractures perpendicular to pillow margin and irregular discrete flaws in the pillow interior like the ones observed in natural examples. Radial linear fractures of 3–5 centimetre in length have been measured in pillows of average one-metre diameter from the Maradihalli region, in the Chitradurga Schist Belt, India. An estimated time of 94–118 minutes was required to get radial fractures of similar length in the simulation. Our model efficiently replicated the generation and distribution of thermal fractures and allowed an estimation of cooling time for the peripheral glassy zone but has limitations in deciphering the formation of fracture networks in progressively crystalline inner zone of pillows.