bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Combination Trial for Heliothis Spp. Control on Cotton in Mississippi, 1989
Authors: Grant Robert R. , Reed Jack T.
Published: March 2022

Eleven treatments were tested for control of Heliothis spp. in irrigated cotton planted 26 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed-air plot spray system calibrated for 5 gal/acre at 4 mph using 2 TX-4 nozzles/row. Applications were made on 17 and 29 Aug. All plots had received insecticide treatments for boll weevil and aphids as needed during the season. Date were obtained by examination of 25 squares, 25 terminals and 25 bolls/plot. All data were collected from the center 2 rows. Based on adults reared from field collected larvae, the Heliothis population was ca. 69% Heliothis virescens and 31% H. zea.
Evaluation of Pyrethroids and Organophosphates for Heliothis Spp. Control in Mississippi, 1989
Authors: Grant Robert R. , Reed Jack T.
Published: March 2022

Eleven treatments were tested for control of Heliothis spp. in non-irrigated cotton planted 26 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air plot spray system calibrated for 5 gal/acre at 4 mph using 2 TX-3 nozzles/row. Application was made on 14 Aug. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Data were obtained by examination of 25 squares, 25 terminals and 25 bolls/plot. All data were collected from the center 2 rows. Based on adults reared from field collected larvae during the test, the Heliothis population was ca. 69% Heliothis virescens and 31% H. zea.
Activity of Dipel Mixtures Against Heliothis, 1989
Authors: Roger Leonard B. , Graves J. B.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 25 Apr on the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station located near Winnsboro, LA. Plots were 16 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 2.5 gal total spray solution/acre through Teejet X-3 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 48 psi. Test materials were applied on 13, 26 Jul and 2 Aug. Cythion RTU 4.1 E at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre and methyl parathion 4 E 0.3 lb (AI)/acre were applied on an “as needed” basis for control of boll weevil infestations in test plots. Treatments were evaluated by examining 25 plant terminals and flower buds (squares) per plot on 17, 28 Jul and 7 Aug for the presence of live larvae and/or damage. The total number of bolls and open bolls/20 ft of row were determined in each plot on 18 Sep to estimate crop maturity. Seed cotton was mechanically harvested on 21 Sep with a spindle type picker from the center 4 rows of each plot.
Control of Tobacco Budworm and Bollworm, 1989
Authors: Roger Leonard B. , Graves J. B. , Burris Gene
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted on 15 Jun in plots 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft on the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied on 23, 25, 28 Aug and 2 Sep. A CO2 charged application system mounted on a John Deere high-clearance sprayer and calibrated to deliver 5 gal total spray solution/acre at 44 psi through Teejet X-6 hollow nozzles (2/row) was used. No insecticides had been applied on these plots before the initiation of this test. Heliothis damage and live larvae were estimated by sampling 50 flower buds (squares) from the 2 center rows of each plot on 28 Aug, 1 and 6 Sep.
Ovo-Larvicidal Activity of Selected Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Roger Leonard B. , Graves J. B. , Burris Gene
Published: March 2022

A small plot insecticide trial was conducted on the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA, to compare the ovicidal activity and residual toxicity of selected insecticides against Heliothis spp. on cotton. Cotton was planted on 15 Jun in plots 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied on 23 Aug with a CO2 charged application system mounted on a John Deere high clearance plot sprayer. A total volume of 5 gal/acre was applied through Teejet X-6 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. No insecticides had been applied on those plots prior to the initiation of this trial. Eggs were collected 4 and 48 h posttreatment from the center 2 rows of each plot. Samples of freshly laid white eggs (10/plot) and a small piece of foliage to which the eggs were attached were removed from the plants and transported to the laboratory. Eggs were individually placed into 1 oz plastic cups partially filled with artificial diet for rearing Heliothis spp. Mortality to eggs and larvae were determined 96 h after each field collection. The surviving cohort of larvae in the control treatments were reared to adults and the species composition was found to be 100% tobacco budworm. A trace amount of rainfall (0.41 cm) was recorded 24 h after treatment, which did wet the adaxial surface of the plant leaves and could have reduced residual efficacy of some treatments.
Delta Aphid Test-VI, 1988
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R.
Published: March 2022

Five compounds or mixtures including 2 numbered compounds were evaluated on cotton planted 14 Jun at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air plot spray system using 2 TX-4 nozzles/ row and calibrated to deliver 5 gal/acre. The aphids and thrips were counted on Vi of the abaxial side of 10 leaves/plot at each of 2 levels: the 4th leaf down from the terminal (upper canopy) and Y3-V2 of the total plant height down the plant from the terminal (middle canopy). Leaves were picked, placed in plastic bags and returned to the lab in chilled styrofoam containers for counting with dissection microscopes.
Evaluation of Early Season Thrips Control—Delta Location, 1988
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R.
Published: March 2022

Thirteen treatments were evaluated for thrips control in cotton planted 5 May in sandy loam soil on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. The field was irrigated prior to planting and moisture conditions were good. Granular materials were pre-weighed and applied by use of a conveyer belt type granule applicator attached to the planter. Foliar applications of Orthene 75 S, Swat 8 E and Cygon 400 were made with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system calibrated for a 19 inch band at 5 gal/acre with one TX 6 nozzle/row. Orthene 75 S solution was applied at planting by a CO2 powered sprayer with a hollow cone nozzle adjusted to spray in furrow during planting at a rate of 5 gal/acre. Thrips were sampled by collecting 10 plants/plot and placing them into qt canning jars. In the laboratory the plants were washed with a few drops of detergent/pt of water, and thrips were rinsed onto a 115 mesh sieve and hence to filter paper for counting via a dissection microscope.
Evaluation of Temxk Soil Treatments on Plant Height and Yields in Cotton, 1989
Authors: Wright James E. , Chandler L. D.
Published: March 2022

Temik was applied at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 lb (AI)/acre to evaluate the effectiveness of early season insect control and yield on cotton. Treatments were applied at planting on 31 Mar with an Allis- Chambers 78/79 series Air Champ equipped with granular applicators, in sandy loam soil at a commercial field at Monte Alto, TX. Test plots and untreated checks were 1 acre, rows 40 inches wide, with 5 replications. Cotton was preirrigated via furrows and conventional farming practices were utilized. Plant heights were determined at 60 d post emergence by sampling 10 row ft in 5 areas of each plot. The test was oversprayed with Guthion or methyl parathion at recommended rates for control of major pests during Jun and Jul. The test was defoliated on 15 Aug. In 5 areas of each plot, 13.1 row feet was harvested. The harvested cotton was bur-extracted, ginned and weighed. Yields were converted to lb lint cotton/acre.
Spider Mite Management on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1989
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Herd P. T.
Published: March 2022

A field near Greenville, in Pitt County, was selected to evaluate 2 miticides for control and 3 insecticides for their potential to induce spider mite outbreaks. The field was selected because its wide-spread and uniform infestation made it an excellent site to evaluate these products. Peanuts had been planted on 36 inch centers and were showing signs of severe spider mite damage. Treatments were applied on 15 Aug using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles. Conditions at the time of application were overcast and 85°F with no wind. The Danitol plots were treated a second time on 22 Aug under sunny skies and 88°F. Plots were 20 ft long × 40 rows wide with a 5 ft border between plots on each end. Four replicates for each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sampling was conducted on 17 Aug (48 h posttreat), 22 Aug (7 d posttreat) and 29 Aug (14 d posttreat) by collecting 25 leaflets at random from each plot. These leaflets were placed in a plastic bag and chilled until they could be processed in the laboratory. Samples were processed using a commerciallyavailable mite brushing machine. All data were transformed A + 075 prior to analysis. Actual means are presented.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Velvetbean Caterpillars on Peanuts, 1989
Authors: Mack T. P. , Buckelew L. D.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled peanut at the Wiregrass Substation in Headland, AL. Seven treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (38 inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 20-ft alley. Treatments were applied in water on 7 Sep using a boom sprayer equipped with 1 hollow cone nozzle per row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating both rows. Three samples were taken from each plot 1 h before treatment and at 4, 7, and 12 d after application.
Grain Sorghum Insect Control with Temik, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted to determine effectiveness of Furdan and Temik for control of aphids and other insects in sorghum. Sorghum was planted 6 Apr on 40 inch rows at Prosper, TX. The seed had been treated with 2 oz Captan and 0.5 oz Heptachlor/100 lb seed. Plots were 4 rows wide and 40 ft long with 4 replications in randomized complete block design. The following treatments were applied in-furrow with a John Deere flex-71 planter. Atrazine at 1.0 (AI)/acre post-emerge was used for weed control. Soil type was Houston clay. On 20 Apr the plant stand on 40 row ft was determined. On 28 Apr and 12 May, the percent of greenbug infested plants was determined on 20 plant samples. The percentage of plants showing significant greenbug damage (Ya of top leaf reddened) was determined on 40 row ft samples on 4 May.
Chinch Bug Control with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Peters Leroy L. , Wright Robert J. , Danielson Stephen D.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The sorghum was bordered on the north side by CB infested winter wheat. Sorghum rows were planted perpendicular to the winter wheat on 20-22 May, by the cooperating farmer. Plots were 3 rows, spaced 30 inches apart, 100 ft long. The center row was used for data collection. Insecticides were applied on 27 Jun to sorghum plants in the 5-7 leaf stage, with a compressed CO2 sprayer and boom assembly mounted on bicycle wheels. Two drop nozzles/row (Spraying Systems TX 26 tips) were used at 40 PSI, applying 42.6 gal/acre. Plant stand counts were made pre-application on 27 Jun and post-application on 6 Jul, when the experiment was terminated due to death of the plants in the test area. CB’s were counted pre-treatment on 27 Jun and 30 Jun by examining 5 plants, above the soil line, in each plot.
Leafhopper Control, 1989
Authors: Johnson James W. , Biddinger David
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were applied to 7-yr-old trees in Douglas, MI on 11 Jul at a rate of 300 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 handgun sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Difolitan, Captec, Bayleton, and Baycor were applied separately to all treatments. On 10 Jul (precount), 13 Jul, and 24 Jul, the total number of motile leafhopper stages on the end 4 leaves of a 25 terminals on a tree were counted for a total of 100 terminals/treatment.
Control of Corn Earworm, 1988
Authors: Johnson M. P. , Spurgeon D. W. , Studebaker G. E. , Mueller A. J.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was located in Little River County, AR, with plants at growth stages R2-4 and approximately 90% canopy closure. Plots size was 2 rows by 50 ft with a 30 inch row spacing. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied 23 Aug with a Solo backpack sprayer equipped with an adjustable hollow cone nozzle delivering approximately 21 gal/acre at 40 psi. Larval numbers were determined by taking 4, 3 row-ft drop cloth samples/plot immediately before and 2 and 7 DAT.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Green Cloverworms on Soybeans, 1989
Authors: Mack T. P. , Miller M. G. , Buckelew L. D.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans at the Black Belt Substation in Marion Junction, AL. Eight treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (38 inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 10-ft bare-ground alley. Treatments were applied in water on 11 Aug using a boom sprayer equipped with 1 hollow cone nozzle/row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating both rows. Three samples were taken from each plot prior to treatments and at 3, 7, and 10 d after treatment.
Stink Bug Control with Foliar Insecticides on Soybean, 1989
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Moss R. B.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling southern green stink bugs, bean leaf beetles and threecornered alfalfa hoppers in soybean. Soybeans were planted on 26 Jun to 36 inch rows in conventionally prepared seedbeds at the University of Georgia Southwest Branch Station at Plains, GA. Individual plots were 6 rows wide by 50 ft with 4 replicates in a complete randomized block design and 4 row untreated borders and 6-ft alleys at the beginning and end of plots. Treatments were applied on 29 Aug with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom, at 35 psi delivering 17.2 gal of formulation/acre. Treatments were evaluated 3, 7, 14, and 21-d after application by comparing the number of insect pests/25 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated controls. A 15-inch diam net was passed through the foliage of a single row on each sampling date. A different row was sampled each date.
Grasshopper Control, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Holen Carlyle , Holder Bobby
Published: March 2022

Fifty ft × 0.5 mile plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Two replicates were placed in an 80 acre soybean field and 2 replicates were placed in 160 acres of CRP land. Treatments were applied by air with an Ag Cat flying at 100 mph on 2 Aug. Five gal total material/acre was applied. Air temperature was 69-79°F with overcast skies; wind speed was 5°8 mph. 2 sets of 25 sweeps each using a standard 15 inch sweep net were collected in each plot by 2 different people. Counts were averaged and control calculated as a % reduction from untreated. Populations at 72 h posttreatment were so low in the untreated that comparisons were not meaningful.
Control of Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper on Soybean with Foliar Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Wier A. T. , Boethel D. J. , Hutchinson R. L.
Published: March 2022

Plots measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (40 inch row spacing) at the Macon Ridge Experiment Station, Winnsboro, LA, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpacker sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 21 psi through 8002 nozzles. Treatments were applied on 5 Sep to soybeans in the late R6 growth stage. Samples of adults were taken at 2 DAT using 2, 25-sweep samples/plot (15 inch diam sweep net) and 4 and 7 DAT using one 25-sweep sample/plot. Samples for nymphs were conducted 4 DAT by taking 10 beat-net samples/plot.
Tobacco Aphid Control, Ontario, Canada, 1988
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plots were established in a field at the Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Delhi, Ontario. Tobacco was transplanted into the field on 27 May. The experimental plots were arranged in a split plot design with 2 main plots and 3 replications. There were 6 treatments, consisting of 3 insecticides at 2 rates, and an untreated check in each main plot. Individual subplots were 76 × 14 ft and consisted of 4 rows of 38 plants in each row, the outside rows in each subplot being guard rows. Sprays were applied with a power sprayer using 3 nozzles/row: TG3-TG5-TG3 that delivered 40 gal of liquid/acre at a pressure of 15 psi and 2.5 mph speed, and TG2-TB3-TG2 nozzles that delivered 20 gal of liquid/acre at 10 psi and 3.0 mph speed. All treatments were applied evenly on full-grown, topped tobacco plants over each row in each subplot on 8 Jul. To assess aphid control, 3 leaves were collected at random from each subplot 1 d before treatment and at different dates after treatment. The number of living aphids on the leaves was counted by taking the leaves to the laboratory and examining them under a Luxo lamp magnifier. The aphid counts were transformed into logarithmic scales before ANOVA. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means. Means were converted to original units for presentation in the table.
Control of Aphids on Tobacco, 1989
Authors: Johnson Douglas W. , Maksymowicz William
Published: March 2022

Tobacco was transplanted into plots on the Research and Education Ctr, Princeton, KY, on 1 Jun. Standard cultural practices were employed to produce the tobacco. Plots were one row 25 ft long with a border row on either side and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. On 21 Jul, with "knee-high" plants, applications were made using a CO2 powered sprayer fitted with 3, 70° hollow cone nozzles/row, with one nozzle directly over the row with 8 inch drops (aimed 135° from vertical) on either side of the row. Treatments were applied in 29 gpa at 42 psi. Immediately prespray and at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT all plots were rated for aphid infestation using the following scale: 0 = no aphids, 1 = very light, 1 aphid to small colonies, 2 = several colonies but not wide spread, 3 = general wide spread, 4 = extremely heavy on all plant parts. All RH-7988 treatments contained 1 qt/acre oil, except as noted.
Pink Spray for Pear Thrips Control on Apple, 1989
Authors: Maier Chris T.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were compared for efficacy in controlling pear thrips on adults on 19-yr-old semidwarf 'McIntosh' trees at Hamden, Conn. Single-tree plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with 5 replicates/treatment. Diazinon, Guthion, Malathion, Vydate, and water (control) were applied dilute to runoff on 3 May (early pink) with a Chapin Compressed Air Sprayer Model 152. Safer Insecticidal Soap was applied with a trigger sprayer attached to a plastic ready to use bottle. The trees received one dormant oil and one Cyprex application before the experiment. Thrips density was measured prior to treatments on 3 May and 2 days after them on 5 May (pink) by randomly collecting 10 leaf clusters with flowers/tree at chest height and counting adults in the laboratory. Dry, fair weather prevailed throughout the test.
Tobacco Insect Control with Karate, 1989
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. , Barnes Martha L.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, VA. Tobacco was transplanted into a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 18 May. A randomized complete block design containing 4 replicates was utilized to evaluate 5 insecticide treatments and an untreated control. Experimental plots, 40 ft long (24 plants) and 8 ft wide (2 rows) were separated by single untreated border rows. Blocks were separated by vacant 5- or 12-ft alleys. The test site was treated with Telone II (15 gal/acre) and Mocap 6 EC (1 gal) on 21 Apr and 22 May, respectively, to control tobacco cyst nematodes. Insecticide treatments were applied with a COs-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 20 gal of finished spray/acre at 60 psi through 3, TX-10, hollow cone tips. Applications for Test 1 were made on 7 Jul. After the first test was completed, the tobacco stalks were cut back to ca. 6 inch of the soil surface and single suckers were allowed to grow from each stub. On 23 Aug the second test received the same treatments as the first. Prior to the first test, all plants in the 1st row of each plot were artificially infested with 3-5 d old THW larvae. Before the second test, 3-5 d old THW and TBW were used to infest each plant in the first and second rows, respectively, of each plot. TA on the 4 upper leaves at least 3 inch long were counted on 10 plants/plot at 3, 7 and 14 DAT in Test 1, and at 2, 8 and 14 DAT in Test 2. THW and TBW were counted on all plants in the first and second rows, respectively. TFB were counted on 5 plants/plot on those dates in Test 2. It rained 1.1, 0.05 and 1.05 inch at 7, 8 and 9 DAT, respectively, in Test 1. There was no rainfall during Test 2.
Russian Wheat Aphid Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 1989
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Gibson R. L. , Hanson S. L. , Walgenbach D. D.
Published: March 2022

Winter wheat was planted on 25 Aug in a Lismore silty clay loam soil in 15.2 cm rows using a 16-row John Deere press drill near the Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, Brookings, SD. Wheat plots were artificially infested on 12 Sep with laboratory-reared RWA. Pretreatment counts indicated the presence of favorable RWA populations (x = 412.6) within the cages. A completely random design was used with 4 and 6 cages (1.0 m2) being placed in sprayed and untreated plots, respectively. A CO2-powered backpack sprayer was used to apply treatments on 26 Sep. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 25 psi from a hand-held boom equipped with 6 (Teejet 8002) nozzles spaced 12 inches apart. Posttreatment (6- and 17-d) RWA counts were made by randomly selecting 4 leaves from each of the quadrants within cages. RWA count data were subjected to logarithmic [log (count + 1)] transformation and analyzed using ANOVA.
Lorsban/Oil Mite Control, 1988
Authors: Polk Dean
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this test were to evaluate European red mite control, predator populations, phytotoxicity and fruit finish under heavy rates of Lorsban/oil/spreader applications. Material was applied with a handgun at 250 lb pressure dilute. Applications were made on 28 Jul 1988 with a 1-5 mph breeze. Temperature at the start of applications was 80°F and rose to 87°F by the time all spraying was finished. Other high temperatures were all in excess of 92°F for the duration of this experiment. Treatments were applied to Sturdee Spur red delicious on M106 which were well-pruned with good sunlight penetration. Applications were made to 3 replicates in a randomized complete block design. This test was carried out in a commercial block, and superimposed on the grower's standard spray sechedule. All trees received oil plus Lorsban 50 W at 1/4 inch green and weekly alternate middle post bloom applications of Guthion plus Penncap or Guthion and Lannate.
Control of Russian Wheat Aphid on Spring Wheat, 1989
Authors: Pike Keith S. , Tanigoshi Lynell K.
Published: March 2022

Sixteen insecticides were evaluated for performance in controlling RWA. These were applied 6 Jun to spring wheat (growth stage: anthesis to early milk) grown on the USDA/Washington State Univ., Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Central Ferry, WA. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 30 psi. Plots were 10 × 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plots were established within a block of wheat seeded on 1 Apr (seeding rate: 60 lb/acre). Treatments were evaluated at 5 and 14 DAT, based on aphids/tiller (5 tillers/plot, with sampling directed at tillers exhibiting RWA-induced symptoms, i.e. streaked and rolled leaf sheaths and leaves). Aphids were recovered from samples using Berleze-Fulgren funnels.
Pear Psylla, Lab Screening of Insect Growth Regulators, 1989
Authors: Burts Everett
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on pear seedlings (from open pollinated 'Bartlett' seeds) growing in 4-inch pots. Seedlings were infested with PP eggs by caging 25 adults on each for 5 d. Treatments were applied with a hand operated atomizer sprayer to the point of heavy drip. In one test seedlings were sprayed with water dilutions of candidate pesticides 1 d before adults were caged on them. In another test infested seedlings were sprayed when about one-half the eggs had hatched. In both tests 5 serial dilutions of each pesticide were evaluated. Seedlings were sprayed with water only to provide controls for each test. Treated seedlings with eggs and nymphs were held in a growth room at ca. 75°F and 16:8 (L:D) for 8 to 17 d, then treatments were evaluated by counting remaining eggs and live and dead nymphs on the entire plant under magnification. I have assumed that eggs which appear normal at evaluation time were non-viable. Percent mortality was calculated and data were corrected for check mortality by Abbott's formula.
Grape Berry Moth, 1988
Authors: Dennehy Timothy J. , Taft Theodore N. , Crowe Harold J.
Published: March 2022

A mature Concord vineyard of 15 acres with a known history of GBM infestation was used for insecticide evaluations. The vineyard rows were 9 ft apart and the vines set at 8 ft apart within the row. Each treatment consisted of 45 vines (3 rows × 15 vines) and was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays with a hooded boom over-the-row sprayer operated at 500 psi, and equipped with 7 nozzles/boom on each side with No. 2-1/2 (mm) discs and 3-hole whirl plates. From 2 to 6 applications were made between 21 Jun and 11 Aug. The conventional 3-spray regimen for control of GBM, comprising treatments of postbloom, 10 d postbloom, and early Aug, was evaluated and contrasted with alternative application timings. Cover sprays consisting of a tank mix of triademefon (Bayleton) at 1 oz. AI and maneb (Dithane M-22) at 1.5 lb Al/acre were applied to all plots on 15 Jun and 7 Jul to suppress powdery mildew, black rot, and downy mildew. Injury assessment was made on 6 Sep and was based on the number of berries injured by GBM larvae per 100 clusters in each replication (10 clusters from 10 vines/replication). Carbaryl SOS applied at 2 lb AI and Parathion 8EC applied at 9 oz AI were the standards. GBM infestation in the block was considered average or slightly above average in 1988. The threshold for GBM damage is 2% damaged berries.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Japanese Beetle and Grape Berry Moth on Grapes, 1989
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. , McLeod M. J.
Published: March 2022

Five treatments were evaluated for efficacy against the Japanese beetle and grape berry moth in an experimental vineyard of Concord grapes at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications/treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gal/acre (935 1/ha) on 18 Jul and 31 Jul, using a hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. BIOASSAY FOR JAPANESE BEETLE: After treated foliage was dry, 10 grape leaves were removed at random from the outside canopy of each plot for use in the bioassay. Leaves were brought into the laboratory on 0, 1, 3, 7 and 9 d after first treatment and placed inside ventilated 1 gal ice cream containers with 10 Japanese beetles. The 1-gal containers were modified by placing plastic liners inside and cheese cloth over the top. After holding beetles on treated foliage for 24 h, a count of the number of live beetles surviving was taken. The insect holding room was maintained at 75°F (23°C) with ca. 75% RH. FIELD STUDIES JAPANESE BEETLE: In addition to the bioassay, a reading of the number of live JB present in the field plots was taken at 1 h pretreatment and 0, 1, 3, 7, and 9 d posttreatment. This was accomplished by counting the number of live beetles present on the outside grape foliage on both sides of each plot. GRAPE BERRY MOTH EVALUATION: On 19 Sep, 10 grape clusters were randomly removed from each replicate and examined for the number of berries infested by grape berry moth.
White Grub Control in Strawberries, 1989
Authors: Hutchison W. D. , Weyandt-Fulton Joan
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a private farm near Duluth, MN to evaluate the efficacy of three nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsoe, S. bihionis and S. spp. as compared to a standard, Diazinon 4E (AG500). Seedlings were transplanted 3 May with 56 inches between rows on a clay-loam soil. Plots were 2 rows wide and 50 ft long (333 ft2) with one border row between plots (9.3 ft between treated rows) and 2 ft borders at the end of each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied 15 Jun in a 16-inch band over the rows. Diazinon was applied with a Solo back-pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 23 gal/acre. Nematodes were applied using hand-held 2 gal watering cans with a total of 4 gal of water applied/plot. Soil moisture prior to application was optimal after receiving a total of 1.5 and 0.5 inches of rain on 12 and 13 Jun, respectively. At the time of application, avg ambient air temperature was 70°F and soil temperature (4 inch) was 62°F. Immediately following application, all treatments were sprinkler irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Grub infestations were monitored weekly by checking plants in each plot for characteristic wilting and collecting grubs subsequently found in the root zone of damaged plants. A cumulative count was then based on total monthly collections from 15 Jun to 30 Aug. On 9 Sep, final evaluations were made by recording the no. of row feet/plot with dead and/or missing plants.
Control of Bigheaded Ant, 1989
Authors: Reimer Neil J. , Beardsley J. W. , Williams Dave
Published: March 2022

Two pregel defatted corn grit baits were tested for efficacy against BA in ca. 2 acre plots of ratoon pineapple on Maui Island, Hawaii. The AI in the Logic bait was 0.5% fenoxycarb and in the GX-071 bait 0.6% sulfuramid. The treatments were applied on 16 Feb at 2 lb. bait/acre with a Buffalo turbine blower. Field perimeters were treated with a 50 ft Amdro buffer to retard reinvasion by surrounding ant colonies. Ant densities were monitored using 6 tongue depressors/replication coated with a 50:50 mixture of peanut butter and soybean oil. The tongue depressors were placed near the center of each plot at ca. a 20 ft distance from each other. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. BA counts were indexed, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 represented 0, 1-5, 6-10, 11-20, and >20 ants, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Broccoli, 1989
Authors: Boucher T. J. , Adams R. G. , Ashley R. A.
Published: March 2022

Broccoli plants were transplanted on 23 May ‘88 and 21 Jul ‘89 in Storrs, Conn. Plots consisted of single 10-ft rows, separated by guard rows with 36-inch centers and 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in 1988 and 3 times in 1989 in a randomized complete block design. A single application was applied 8 Jul ‘88 and 9 Sep ‘89 using a tractor-mounted boom with 3 flat fan nozzles/row delivering 52 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Evaluations were made on 19 Jul ‘88 and 28 Sep ‘89 by visual inspection consisting of removal of each individual leaf from 5 plants/plot and dissection of broccoli heads.
Broccoli Insect Control, 1989
Authors: McLeod Paul
Published: March 2022

Broccoli seedlings were transplanted to one-row plots located at Fayetteville, AR, on 16 Aug. Plots were separated by 6 ft bare ground and each plot held 12 plants at 2-ft intervals. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (8 treatments × 4 replications). Sprays were applied 1, 15 and 22 Sep with a hand held COz sprayer equipped with one Spraying Systems TX6 nozzle and calibrated to deliver 12.8 gal/acre. ICW and CL were counted on each plant on 5, 18, and 25 Sep. Plants were rated for foliar damage 20 Sep and 6 Oct.
Safer's Insecticidal Soap as a Management Tool, 1989
Authors: Hollingsworth Craig , Coli William
Published: March 2022

Four treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times and duplicated for each variety. Plots consisted of 3 adjacent trees; data were taken from the center tree. Trees were spaced 16 ft × 23 ft and were ca. 12 ft tall. Treatments were applied to run-off with a John Bean hydraulic handgun sprayer at 200 psi, with a delivery rate of 300-350 gal/acre. The 4 treatments were: 1. a standard IPM chemical regimen; 2. one-half rate of all chemicals applied in treatment 1, supplemented with Safer's Insecticidal Soap at 2 gal/100 gal water. Fungicides were increased to standard rates after 6 Jul; 3. Safer's Insecticidal Soap at 2 gal/100 gal, plus standard fungicides; and 4. Safer's Insecticidal Soap at 1 gal/100 gal, plus standard fungicides. Dormant oil was applied to all plots on 27 Apr. Fungicides (Manzate 200 OF and Rubigan 12.5% EC were applied on 3 May, 12 May and 22 May. Rubigan was applied alone on 4 Jun and Polyram 80% WP was applied on 27 Jim, 19 Jul and 7 Aug. At petal fall (22 May), Guthion 50 WP (standard rate: 5/8 lb/100 gal) and Safer's Insecticidal Soap were applied as described above. Aphid control treatments were applied on 27 Jun (standard: Thiodan 50 WP at 0.5 lb/100). Mite control treatments were applied on 19 Jul and 31 Jul (standard: Omite 30 WP at 1.5 lb/100), and on 7 Aug and 14 Aug (standard: Omite 30 WP at 2 lb/100). Aphids, cecidomyiids and syrphids were assessed by determining presence/absence from 15 terminal leaves sampled from the central tree in each plot. ERM were assessed by determining presence/absence of mites on 15 spur leaves from the central tree in each plot. Phytotoxic'ity to foliage was evaluated by rating leaf yellowing and leaf drop from the central tree in each plot from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). Harvest data were collected by examining 100 fruit on the central tree in each plot for any insect, disease or phytotoxic damage. One-third of the fruit was selected from the inside, outside and top of the canopy. 'McIntosh' were evaluated on 6 Sep, and 'Red Delicious' on 5 Oct.
Control of Diamondback Moth with Mvp Bioinsecticides, 1989
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Eigenbrode S. D.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted on 26 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of 2 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. A backpack sprayer with one row boom, having 3 nozzles/row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. To insure an adequate population of DBM, plants were infested on 10 Aug with 200 eggs/plant from our 1988-collected culture, which had been reared on artificial diet during 1989. Once larvae reached the third instar, treatments were applied on 16 Aug and evaluated on 23 Aug. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting larvae.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Currituck Country, 1989
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A.
Published: March 2022

'Pungo' potatoes were planted 31 Mar, near Powells Point, N.C. with Thimet 15 G applied in the furrow at the rate of 19.0 kg (form.)/ha. Single row plots, 6.1 m long with 1.06 m between rows, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18 x) operating at 60 psi to apply 132.5 liter/ha. Treatments were applied 9 May (M-One, Trident, and Trident II), and 16 May (all treatments). Plant stand counts were made and the number of infested hills was recorded on 9, 16, and 23 May. Visual estimates of foliar damage and/or insect counts were made 9, 16, 23 May, and 1 Jun. Adults were counted by walking the length of the plot and counting all visible adults. Larvae were counted on 3 hills/plot. Small larvae were assumed to be 1st and 2nd instars, and large 3rd and 4th.
Impact of Insecticides on Lepidopterous Larvae and Leafminers on Tomatoes, 1990
Authors: Carson W. G. , Jones A. , Trumble J. T.
Published: March 2022

Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 9 Jul at the University of California's South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 1 wk, and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2- 7.5). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates included 17, 24, 30 Aug and 6, 13, 21, 27 Sep, and 4 Oct. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 4-6 nozzles/row (as plant height and density increased) incorporated D-3 orifice disks, #23-25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) was included for all treatments at 0.04%. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 by 11 inch trays/replicate from 22 Aug through 3 Oct, inclusive. On 10 Oct, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea) and external damage (primarily s. exigua and K. lycopersicella). Leafminer populations were moderate throughout this test. Some insecticides increased leafminer density was compared to the control plots. Beet armyworm populations were moderate, tomato pinworm populations were low and tomato fruitworm populations were low. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1988
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 16 Sep, 15 inches apart on Srinch-high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand held CO2-powered sprayer on 30 Sep, 7, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 9, 16, 20 Nov, 8, and 14 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi and the volume was increased as the plants grew. Thus, the sprayer delivered 45 gal/acre the first application, 55 gal/acre the second application, 70 gal/acre the third and fourth applications, 85 gal/acre the fifth and sixth applications, 100 gal/acre the seventh application and 125 gal/acre for the remaining applications. The sprayer had a single nozzle fitted with a D-3 disk and #25 core. On 2 Dec, the number of leafmines was counted in a 1-minute visual search of each plot. Fruit were harvested on 5 and 20 Dec, and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer)) and the southern green stink bug were determined.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri (Northern), 1989
Authors: Arne C. N. , Becker S. A. , Bailey W. C.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a 7-yr-old alfalfa stand at the University of Missouri North Missouri Research Center located near Spickard, Missouri. Treatments were applied 2 May using tractor mounted spray equipment calibrated to deliver 16.5 gal/acre at 20 psi using 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots measuring 20 × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insect samples of pretreatment and 7, 14, and 21 DAT were taken with 10 pendulum sweeps with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The alfalfa was 10 inches tall at time of treatment. Precipitation fell on 10 d during the study and totaled 2.8 inches. First precipitation occurred 48 h after application. Data were transformed by X + 0.5 for analysis, but means of actual counts are used in the table.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1990
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Becker S. A.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a 1-yr-old alfalfa stand at the University of Missouri South Farm located just east of Columbia. Treatments were applied 14 Jun using tractor mounted spray equipment calibrated to deliver 17.5 gal/acre at 20 psi using 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots measuring 20 × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insect samples of 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT were taken with 10 pendulum sweeps with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The alfalfa was 4 inches tall at time of treatment. Precipitation fell on 14 d during the study and totaled 6.8 inches. First precipitation (1.1 inch) occurred 6 h after application. Data were transformed by X + 0.5 for analysis, but means of actual counts are expressed in the table.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1990
Authors: Flessel John K.
Published: March 2022

A 2-yr-old stand of 'Apollo II' alfalfa at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster was used for this study. Treatments were applied 17 Jul using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 32 psi using 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots were 20 by 40 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insect samples 1, 3, 7, 14, and 22 DAT were taken with 20 pendulum sweeps with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The alfalfa was 10 inches tall at treatment and 27 inches at the completion of the study. The weather was cooler and wetter than normal with the first precipitation falling 72 h after application. Precipitation fell on 8 days during the study and totaled 3.71 inches. Cygon was the standard at 0.25 lb(AI)/acre.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 21990
Authors: Flessel John K.
Published: March 2022

A 2-yr-old stand of 'Apollo II' alfalfa at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster was used for this study. Treatments were applied 14 May using a tractor-mounted hydrualic sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 32 psi using 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots were 20 by 40 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insect samples 1, 4, 8, and 15 DAT were taken with 10 pendulum sweeps with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The alfalfa was 18 inches tall at treatment and 25 inches at the completion of the study. The weather was cooler and wetter than normal with the first precipitation falling 24 h after application. Precipitation fell on 7 d during the study and totaled 2.04 inches. Furadan and Lorsban were the standards at 0.25 and 0.5 lb(AI)/acre, respectively.
Crop Reserve Grasshopper Control, 1990
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Wang T. , Chambers W. W. , Jensen J.
Published: March 2022

Low profit potential of land used in the crop reserve program is sometimes exasperated by the needs to treat grasshopper outbreaks which have the potential of moving into adjacent row crops. To determine an effective and economically acceptable rate of insecticide, we established plots (63.7 by 63.7 m; 0.4 ha) with several rates of proven grasshopper insecticides (28 Aug) with an untreated check arranged in checkerboard fashion, which allowed grasshopper immigration into treated plots from all four directions. Applications were made with Broyhill sprayer delivering 10 gal/acre at 40 psi using Teejet 8002 nozzles. A randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications. Forty rings (0.1 m2) were placed in 4 parallel rows in the central portion of each plot. Grasshopper counts (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAT) were used to calculate the percent reduction. No significant differences were detected between compounds, or application rates during the 28 DAT. The control offered by all insecticides and rates was highly successful, which suggests that the residual of these pesticides remains effective even at the lowest rates. Therefore, the lower rates are favorable to the farmers needs for control and economy.
Alfalfa Weevil and PEA Aphid Control, 1990
Authors: Higgins R. A.
Published: March 2022

Nonirrigated alfalfa, 10 cm tall, was sprayed 13 Apr. Insecticides were applied in water (20 gal/acre) with a C02-powered backpack sprayer. The ‘ c . c ’ that appears after 2 of the Lorsban treatments denotes the Hi-Yield Spreader/Sticker surfactant, produced by Hi-Yield Chemical Company, Bonham, Tex. that was mixed with these treatments. The sprayer boom was equipped with Delevan HC-12, 70 degree nozzles positioned to deliver a broadcast spray pattern. Winds were largely calm. A randomized plot design with 4 replicates was used. Plots measured 20 × 20 ft with unsprayed alleys separating adjacent plots. Eight stems were collected from undisturbed areas within each plot on each sample date. Samples from each plot were individually bagged, returned to the laboratory, and frozen. Samples were later thawed and examined under magnification for AW larvae and aphids (primarily pea aphids). Eight stem counts were converted to 10-stem count equivalencies before analysis. Pretreatment counts were taken. Postapplication sampling occurred at 3, 5, 7, 10, 17, and 21 DAT. Stem height increased from 8 cm at spraying to 18.4 cm at 21 DAT.
Use of Unlabeled Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Insects in Wisconsin, 1990
Authors: Wedberg Joh. , Jensen Brya.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plots measuring 12 × 15 m were established in a field of Dart’ alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Research Station in Columbia County. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design, and applied on 16 Jul by using a tractor-mounted compressed air sprayer equipped with 8002 Teejet flat fan nozzles delivering 235 liters of finished spray/ha at 40 psi when driven at 2.6 mph. Insect abundance was estimated by taking 20 consecutive pendulum sweeps in each plot with a 38 cm diam sweep net.