bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are all types of empathy associated with lower aggression in athletes? A cross-sectional study on Iranian athletes
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Nakhostin-Ansari Amin , Ranjbar Maryam , Memari Amir Hossein
Published: November 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the association between cognitive and affective empathy and aggression in a sample of Iranian athletes.

Methods

We designed a cross-sectional study. The participants were selected by multistage random sampling among six colleges in Tehran, Iran’s capital. We used the interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) to evaluate empathy, and Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire to evaluate aggression.

Results

In total, 492 athletes with a mean age of 27.42 years (SD = 7.72) participated in the study, of which 298 (60.6%) were male, and 194 (39.4%) were female. IRI’s fantasy and personal distress subscales scores were positively associated with proactive and reactive aggression scores (p < 0.05). The score of the perspective-taking subscale of IRI was negatively associated with proactive and reactive aggression scores (p < 0.05). The score of the empathic concern subscale of IRI had a negative association with the proactive aggression score (p < 0.001). The score of the perspective-taking subscale of IRI had negative associations with all Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire subscales’ scores (p < 0.05). The score of the personal distress subscale of IRI had positive associations with all Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire subscales’ scores (p < 0.05), except with the verbal aggression subscale score. The score of the fantasy subscale of IRI was positively associated with the score of the hostility subscale of the Buss–Perry questionnaire (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Perspective-taking is negatively associated with all kinds of aggression in athletes. Future studies can be conducted to determine the possible role of perspective-taking in preventive aggression, which can be a target for interventions. On the other hand, the score of the personal distress subscale of IRI is positively associated with all types of aggression scores, indicating that not all types of empathy inhibit aggression in athletes.
Report on the 20th International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction, 16–19 August 2022, Kanazawa, Japan
Authors: Xiong Xi , Zhang Bo , Yoshida Masaho , Miyajima Masakatsu
Published: November 2022

The joint event of 20th International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction (20th ISGdR) was held onsite and online during 16–19 August 2022 in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. This symposium focused on the theme of “the reduction of the disasters triggered by geological and geophysical factors on the earth and beyond”, providing a platform for academics, researchers and practitioners from different countries to discuss the research progress and exchange ideas on the reduction of disasters. The symposium consisted of keynote lecture, invited lectures and other presentations in parallel session. A technical trip to Hakusan Tedorigawa Geopark was conducted on August 19.
The ontogenic gonadal transcriptomes provide insights into sex change in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus
Authors: Fan Miao , Yang Wei , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Lihong
Published: November 2022

Background

The ricefield eel is a freshwater protogynous hermaphrodite fish and has become an important aquaculture species in China. The sex change of ricefield eel is impeding its aquaculture practice, particularly the large-scale artificial breeding. Many studies including transcriptomes of mixed gonadal samples from different individuals have been aimed to elucidate mechanisms underlying the sex change. However, the key physiological factors involved in the initiation of sex change remain to be identified. 

Results

The present study performed transcriptomic analysis on gonadal samples of different sexual stages obtained through biopsy from the same fish undergoing sex change. A total of 539,764,816 high-quality reads were generated from twelve cDNA libraries of gonadal tissues at female (F), early intersexual (EI), mid-intersexual (MI), and late intersexual (LI) stages of three individual sex-changing fish. Pairwise comparisons between EI and F, MI and EI, and LI and MI identified 886, 319, and 10,767 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Realtime quantitative PCR analysis of 12 representative DEGs showed similar expression profiles to those inferred from transcriptome data, suggesting the reliability of RNA-seq data for gene expression analysis. The expression ofapoeb,csl2, andenpp2was dramatically increased and peaked at EI while that ofcyp19a1a,wnt4a,fgf16, andfoxl2asignificantly downregulated from F to EI and remained at very low levels during subsequent development until LI, which suggests thatapoeb,csl2,enpp2,cyp19a1a,wnt4a,fgf16, andfoxl2amay be closely associated with the initiation of sex change of ricefield eels.

Conclusions

Collectively, results of the present study confirmed that the down-regulation of female-related genes, such ascyp19a1a,wnt4a,fgf16, andfoxl2a, is important for the sex change of ricefield eels. More importantly, some novel genes, includingapoeb,csl2, andenpp2, were shown to be expressed with peak values at EI, which are potentially involved in the initiation of sex change. The present transcriptomic data may provide an important research resource for further unraveling the mechanisms underlying the sex change and testicular development in ricefield eels as well as other teleosts.
A qualitative study to explore dietary knowledge, beliefs, and practices among pregnant women in a rural health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Maykondo Benito Kazenza , Horwood Christiane , Haskins Lyn , Mapumulo Sphindile , Mapatano Mala Ali , Kilola Branly Mbunga , Mokanisa Marc Bosonkie , Hatloy Anne , John Vaughn M. , Bitadi Paulin Mutombo Beya Wa
Published: November 2022

Background

A nutritious and healthy diet during pregnancy is essential for the health of both mother and baby. Inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy contributes to maternal malnutrition and can have lifelong effects on the health of the child. Maternal malnutrition is common in many low-income countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Kwango province, DRC, has a high prevalence of malnutrition among all population groups, including macro and micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women. The study aimed to explore the dietary knowledge and practices of a pregnant woman in this area.

Methods

This study adopted a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews (IDIs) with pregnant women and key informants, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with fathers and grandmothers in the community, to explore women’s knowledge and practice about diet during pregnancy. Data were collected between January and April 2018. IDIs were conducted with pregnant women who were recruited at antenatal clinics during their second and third trimesters. IDIs were undertaken with selected key informants, who were health workers providing care to pregnant women, and included doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and community health workers. All IDIs and FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English. The triangulation method and thematic analyses were used.

Results

Overall, women showed good general knowledge about nutrition and the need for increased and varied foods during pregnancy, but little technical knowledge about nutrients and sources of nutrition. Healthcare facilities, media, NGOs, and family members were the main sources of nutritional information. However, women were unable to put this knowledge into practice, primarily due to poverty and poor access to a variety of foods. The Popokabaka community accessed food from farming, fishing, and the market, although purchasing food was frequently unaffordable. Cassava flour was the most common daily food. Food taboos, traditional practices, and late ANC attendance were identified as factors that influenced dietary practices.

Conclusions

Various social, economic, and environmental factors within the local community influenced dietary practices among pregnant women in rural DRC. A comprehensive approach is required to improve nutrition, and address food insecurity, cultural practices and improve the health outcomes of both mother and child.
Recommendations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Saudi Arabia: adolopment of the 2021 American College of Rheumatology guidelines
Authors: Omair Mohammed A. , Al Rayes Hanan , Khabsa Joanne , Yaacoub Sally , Abdulaziz Sultana , Al Janobi Ghada A. , Al Khalaf Abdulaziz , Al Mehmadi Bader , Al Nassar Mahasin , AlBalawi Faisal , AlFurayj Abdullah S. , Al-Jedai Ahmed Hamdan , Almalag Haya Mohammed , Almudaiheem Hajer Yousef , AlRehaily Ali , Attar Mohammed A. , El Kibbi Lina , Halabi Hussein , Hasan Manal , Singh Jasvinder A. , Fraenkel Liana , Akl Elie A.
Published: November 2022

Background

The 2021 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) guideline considers the specific context of the United States which differs from that of Saudi Arabia in many aspects that may impact recommendations. The objective of this project was to adapt a set of prioritized recommendations from the 2021 ACR guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis RA for the context of Saudi Arabia, by the Saudi Society for Rheumatology (SSR).

Methods

The process followed the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology, and the reporting adhered to the RIGHT-Ad@pt checklist. Working groups included a coordination group and a 19-member panel representing different stakeholder groups. The Evidence to Decision (EtD) tables included evidence on health effects from the source guideline and contextual information from the Saudi setting.

Results

The panel prioritized and adapted five recommendations from the source guideline. The process led to modifying two out of the five prioritized recommendations, all listed here. In naive patients with low disease activity, methotrexate (MTX) is conditionally recommended over sulfasalazine (SSZ) (modified direction); hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is conditionally recommended over SSZ (unmodified). Initiation of csDMARDs with short-term glucocorticoids is conditionally recommended over csDMARDs alone in naive patients with moderate to high disease activity (modified direction). Switch to subcutaneous MTX is conditionally recommended over addition/switch to alternative DMARD(s) in patients taking oral MTX who are not at target (unmodified). Discontinuation of MTX is conditionally recommended over gradual discontinuation of the bDMARD or tsDMARD for patients taking MTX plus a bDMARD or tsDMARD who wish to discontinue a DMARD (unmodified).

Conclusion

Rheumatologists practicing in Saudi Arabia can use the adoloped recommendations generated by this project while adopting the rest of the recommendations from the 2021 ACR guidelines.
Periodic limb movements among dialysis and non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a comparative study
Authors: Kotb Samah , Sayed Suzan Salama , Mohamed Amany Omar , Ahmed Shazly Bughdady
Published: November 2022

Background

Periodic leg movement disorder is defined as periodic episodes of repetitive limb movements during sleep that mainly occurs in the lower limb, including the hips, knees, and toes, and sometimes affects the upper limb. It may be accompanied by frequent nocturnal arousals, and if so, this sleep disturbance may cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Chronic kidney disease patients are at risk of periodic leg movements and common causes are iron deficiency, anemia, raised serum calcium, and central and peripheral nervous system disorders. This study aimed to screen the prevalence of periodic limb movements among chronic kidney disease patients using full-night attended polysomnography, compare dialysis with non-dialysis CKD patients, and correlate PLM prevalence with the HGB level and degree of renal impairment.

Results

This cross-sectional study was carried out on one hundred chronic kidney disease patients during the period between May 2017 and March 2020. The patients were subdivided into two groups: group I included patients on regular hemodialysis (n = 50), and group II included patients not on dialysis. All patients were screened for periodic limb movement using full-night attended polysomnography. Our study revealed a high prevalence of periodic limb movements in both groups of chronic kidney disease patients (60% in dialysis and 66% in non-dialysis patients) with mean PLM indices insignificantly higher in group I than group II (29.90 ± 19.19/h vs. 17.54 ± 13.56/h, P-value = 0.748). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between periodic leg movements and serum urea level (r-value = 0.38 and 0.33 and P-value = 0.04 and 0.030 in group I and group II consequently). Also, we reported a significant negative correlation between periodic leg movements and hemoglobin level (r = −0.251 and −0.291 and P-value = 0.037 and 0.010 in group I and group II consequently).

Conclusion

Periodic leg movement disorder is highly prevalent among CKD patients either on dialysis or not, and good management of renal dysfunction and anemia in those patients can help in the management of PLM.
Merging gated frequency-modulated continuous-wave Mars2020 RIMFAX ground-penetrating radar data
Authors: Roncoroni Giacomo , Forte Emanuele , Pipan Michele
Published: November 2022

The integration of ground-penetrating radar data at various frequencies collected with different antennas or with the use of swept-frequency radars opens up interesting perspectives in the study of the subsurface at different resolutions. Our methodology is a semisupervised deep learning algorithm based on bidirectional long short-term memory to automatically merge varying numbers of data sets at different frequencies. Neural network (NN) training is done directly on the inference data by minimizing a custom loss function based on the L2 norm of all the input data, weighted on the custom merging area, and the single output trace. The inference of the trained NN is applied to the same data. Our algorithm is tested on synthetic data simulating the Mars conditions and on Radar Imager for Mars’ Subsurface Exploration radar data collected in the Jezero crater during the Mars2020 mission of the Perseverance rover, showing successful performances and robustness.
Comments on: “Ambiguity in induced polarization time constants and the advantage of the Pelton model” (Andreas Weller and Lee Slater, 2022, Geophysics, 87, no. 6, E393–E399)
Authors: Macnae James , Zorin Nikita
Published: November 2022

SUMMARY

The underlying Cole-Cole model of the frequency dependence of complex conductivity and resistivity predicts two time constants that are not identical but which are related to each other. The shorter time constant [Formula: see text] predicts the current response to a voltage step and, in various models of a mineralized grain, is related to the intrinsic properties of the polarizable component, whereas the longer time constant [Formula: see text], which predicts the voltage response to a current step, is dependent on intrinsic material properties and also the relative volume of polarizable material as defined through chargeability. As a consequence, although we agree with most of the conclusions of the original paper, the specification [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] in reference tables will simplify.
Adolescent mental health problems in early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were masked by lockdown measures and restrictions
Authors: Rockstroh Franziska , Kaess Michael
Published: November 2022

In the BJPsych Open Wong et al examined the influence of lockdown stringency during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric emergency presentations among children and adolescents from ten countries. Data from March and April 2019 were compared with the same time frame in 2020, with particular focus on self-harm admissions. In this editorial, the publication is summarised and potential implications for the field and future studies are discussed.
Utility of a Clinically Guided Data-Driven Approach for Predicting Breast Cancer Complications: An Application Using a Population-Based Claims Data Set
Authors: Pichardo Daniel , Michael Russ , Mercer Michele , Korina Natalia , Onukwugha Eberechukwu
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE

With earlier detection and an increasing number of breast cancer (BCa) survivors, more women are living with side effects of BCa treatment. A predictive approach to studying treatment-related adverse events (AEs) may generate proactive strategies; however, many studies are descriptive in nature. Focusing on short-term AEs, we determine the performance of prediction models of disease- or treatment-related AEs among women diagnosed with BCa.

METHODS

We used administrative claims data from the Blue Health Intelligence National Data Repository. The study sample included female individuals age 18 years and older who were diagnosed with BCa and received cancer-directed treatment between January 1, 2014, and August 1, 2019. Using the information available in the claims data, we constructed longitudinal patient histories and identified disease- and treatment-related AEs occurring within 6 months of treatment. The following prediction models were developed: logistic regression, Lasso regression, gradient boosted tree (GBT), and random forest (RF). We compared models using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and its CI, among other metrics.

RESULTS

Data were extracted for 267,473 members meeting study inclusion criteria. The area under the curve for the logistic regression model was 0.82 (0.82-0.86), compared with 0.89 (0.87-0.90) for the Lasso, 0.91 (0.89-0.93) for the GBT, and 0.90 (0.93-0.89) for the RF models. The sensitivity was 0.96 for the GBT, Lasso, and RF models, whereas the specificity was 0.42, 0.44, and 0.39 for the GBT, Lasso, and RF models, respectively. Positive predictive values were 0.96 across all three models.

CONCLUSION

Prediction models developed using big data methods and grounded in a clinically guided framework have the potential to reliably predict short-term treatment-related AEs among women diagnosed with BCa.
Effects of paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone on inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules in treatment of depression after ischemic stroke
Authors: Yuan Li-li , Chen Tian-yu , Huang Zhi-qiang
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone on inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules in the treatment of depression after ischemic stroke.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial was adopted on 80 patients with depression after ischemic stroke were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 patients in each group at Xingtai Sanli Health Quannan Clinic from March 17, 2019 to December 20, 2021. Both groups were given basic treatment. On this basis, the control group was treated with paroxetine hydrochloride, while the study group was treated with paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone. The clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) before and after treatment. Additionally, the difference in HRSD score after treatment and the improvement in inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules were compared and analyzed between the two groups.

Results: After treatment, the HRSD score of the study group was significantly improved compared with that of the control group (p= 0.00). The effective rate was 82.5% in the study group, which was significantly higher than 62.5% in the control group (p= 0.04). After treatment, TNF-a, CRP and IL-6 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p= 0.00). Serum SOD, TAC and CAT levels in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (SOD and TAC, p= 0.00; CAT, p= 0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions was 37.5% in the study group and 25% in the control group. Although the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.23).

Conclusion: Paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone in the treatment of depression after ischemic stroke can significantly improve HRSD score, enhance clinical efficacy, reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, and increase the levels of antioxidant factors, without a significant increase in adverse reactions. Therefore, it is a safe and effective treatment method.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5679

How to cite this: Yuan L, Chen T, Huang Z. Effects of paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone on inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules in treatment of depression after ischemic stroke. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5679

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Πολιτικές προστασίας και ανάδειξης του αστικού πρασίνου ως χώρο αλληλεπίδρασης φύσης και πολιτών
Authors: Καριπίδου-Κανάρη Αικατερίνη
Published: November 2022

Το αστικό πράσινο κερδίζει συνεχώς έδαφος και ανοίγει ακόμη πιο επιτακτικά τη συζήτηση για την αναγκαιότητα του στο σύγχρονο αστικό περιβάλλον. Με τις συνέπειες της κλιματικής αλλαγής να γίνονται πλέον αισθητές με απτά αποτελέσματα, τη συνεχή αστικοποίηση και την κατασπατάληση των φυσικών πόρων, το ζητούμενο να γίνουν οι πόλεις πιο «πράσινες» αναδεικνύεται ως το πλέον ενδεδειγμένο. Σε διεθνές κι εθνικό επίπεδο η αλλαγή πολιτικής όσον αφορά στο σύγχρονο αστικό περιβάλλον είναι εμφανής με πρωτοβουλίες και δράσεις που στοχεύουν στην εδραίωση μιας καινούργιας πράσινης πολιτικής και περισσότερο ευαισθητοποιημένης νοοτροπίας από τους πολίτες. Η έρευνα είχε ως αντικείμενο τη διερεύνηση των πολιτικών προστασίας κι ανάδειξης των αστικών χώρων πρασίνου ως χώρο αλληλεπίδρασης φύσης και πολιτών στο Δήμο Καλαμαριάς. Στόχοι της έρευνας είναι να επισημανθεί ο καίριος ρόλος του πράσινου χώρου μέσα στην πόλη και πώς αυτός αλληλεπιδρά σε διάφορα επίπεδα (ψυχολογικό, αισθητικό, οικονομικό, κ.α.) με τους κατοίκους της περιοχής που βρίσκεται. Μέσω των αποτελεσμάτων θα εξετασθεί εάν και σε ποιο βαθμό ισχύει η αλληλεπίδραση φύσης και πολιτών στον αστικό ιστό και το αποτύπωμα της στην καθημερινή ζωή των κατοίκων. Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να διαπιστωθεί η συμβολή του αστικού πρασίνου στην επαναφορά της φύσης μέσα στην πόλη, η επίδραση του στον άνθρωπο και η δημιουργία αλληλένδετων σχέσεων μεταξύ πολιτών και φύσης. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί ο σκοπός και οι στόχοι της έρευνας πραγματοποιήθηκαν προσωπικές συνεντεύξεις με τη χρήση δομημένου ερωτηματολογίου σε 1567 πολίτες του Δήμου Καλαμαριάς. Για την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν η ανάλυση αξιοπιστίας, η παραγοντική ανάλυση, η ανάλυση κατά συστάδες κι ο έλεγχος ανεξαρτησίας, με τη χρήση του στατιστικού πακέτου SPSS. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας προκύπτει ότι οι πολίτες του Δήμου Καλαμαριάς αξιολογούν ως μέτριους τους χώρους πρασίνου του δήμου, τη διαμόρφωση αυτών, τις υποδομές που διαθέτουν καθώς και την ευκολία πρόσβασης σ’ αυτούς ενώ είναι λίγο ικανοποιημένοι από τις θέσεις στάθμευσης οχημάτων στους χώρους αυτούς. Επίσης αξιολογούν πολύ θετικά τις λειτουργίες που επιτελεί το αστικό πράσινο μέσα στην πόλη διακρίνοντας τη συνεισφορά του σε μια σειρά από ζητήματα επισημαίνοντας τον πολλαπλό ρόλο του καθώς επίσης υπογραμμίζουν ταυτόχρονα και τα προβλήματα που το αστικό πράσινο προκαλεί μέσα στην πόλη. Ακόμη οι πολίτες του Δήμου Καλαμαριάς διατύπωσαν τις απόψεις τους σχετικά με τον αστικό σχεδιασμό αλλά και τον σχεδιασμό των πράσινων χώρων. Τέλος απάντησαν και σε ερωτήσεις με περισσότερο κοινωνικό περιεχόμενο, πάντα σε σχέση με το αστικό πράσινο, καταλήγοντας δε πως θα ήταν μάλλον θετικοί στο ενδεχόμενο να πληρώσουν περισσότερα δημοτικά τέλη για τη βελτίωση των χώρων πρασίνου του Δήμου Καλαμαριάς.
Η Βυζαντινή οικογένεια τον 14ο αιώνα
Authors: Γιακουμάκης Αντώνιος
Published: November 2022

Αντικείμενο της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι ο θεσμός της βυζαντινής οικογένειας και η λειτουργία του τον 14ο αι. Μέσω της κατανόησης της λειτουργίας της οικογένειας του 14ου αιώνα, επιδιώχθηκε η κατανόηση των κοινωνικών και οικονομικών συνθηκών του αιώνα αυτού. Η έρευνα στηρίζεται στις αποφάσεις της πατριαρχικής συνόδου, διότι τον 14ο αι. φθάνουν σε αυτήν οι παρεκκλίσεις σε σχέση με το οικογενειακό πρότυπο, όπως αυτό καθοριζόταν από ένα προγενέστερο νομικό πλαίσιο, το οποίο είχε διαμορφωθεί από την Πολιτεία και την Εκκλησία πολύ πιο πριν. Μέσα από τις παρεκκλίσεις, την εκτροπή δηλαδή από τον νόμο, είναι δυνατό να μελετηθεί η αντοχή της οικογένειας τον 14ο αι. Δεύτερο «πυλώνα» πάνω στον οποίο βασίστηκε η διδακτορική διατριβή αποτελούν τα μοναστικά αρχεία του 14ου αι., τα έγγραφα δηλ. των μονών του Αγίου Όρους και της μονής Προδρόμου Σερρών. Στη διατριβή μελετήθηκαν πτυχές που άπτονται των ακόλουθων θεμάτων: η γαμική ένωση, οι γαμήλιες στρατηγικές της αριστοκρατικής τάξης και της μεσαίας τάξης, τα όρια της φυσικής συγγένειας και οι συγγενικές σχέσεις, η τεχνητή συγγένεια, η λειτουργία του ονόματος και του επωνύμου, η προίκα και οι προγαμιαίες δωρεές του άνδρα, το κληρονομικό σύστημα, η οικονομική δράση των γυναικών, ενώ παράλληλα επιχειρήθηκε να «σκιαγραφηθεί» το «προφίλ», η υλική βάση, οι αντιλήψεις και οι συμπεριφορές της αριστοκρατικής οικογένειας και της οικογένειας της μεσαίας τάξης. Τελικός σκοπός ήταν να εξετασθεί κατά πόσον τον 14ο αι. ο θεσμός της οικογένειας ήταν σταθερός, εξασφαλίζοντας τη συνοχή της κοινωνίας.
Η συμβολή του Γκέοργκ Λούκατς στην αισθητική της μουσικής
Authors: Ντούβος Παναγιώτης
Published: November 2022

Αντικείμενο της μελέτης είναι το μουσικο-αισθητικό έργο του Γκέοργκ Λούκατς και ειδικότερα το κεφάλαιο περί μουσικής από το βιβλίο Η ιδιοτυπία του Αισθητικου (Die Eigenart des Ästhetischen, 1963). Σκοπός της μελέτης είναι ο προσδιορισμός της συμβολής του Λούκατς στην Αισθητική της μουσικής και συγκεκριμένα η κατάδειξη των τρόπων βάσει των οποίων οι απαντήσεις του διευρύνουν, εμβαθύνουν και προάγουν τον προβληματισμό σχετικά με τη φύση του μουσικού περιεχομένου (το πρόβλημα του συσχετισμού της μουσικής με την αντικειμενική πραγματικότητα). Αυτό επιχειρείται μέσω μιας διαδικασίας ανάλυσης του εν λόγω κειμένου στα επιμέρους συστατικά του στοιχεία με απώτερο σκοπό την ανασύνθεση του κεντρικού επιχειρήματος του κειμένου, το οποίο, εμπλουτισμένο πλέον τόσο με τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης, όσο και απο τις συγκριτικές μελέτες και αντιπαραθέσεις με λοιπές μουσικο-αισθητικές θεωρησεις εκπροσώπων της μαρξιστικής, της παραδοσιακής και της νεώτερης Αισθητικής θα αναδυθεί με σαφέστερη μορφή και θα υποδείξει με μεγαλύτερη ακρίβεια τις καθοριστικές στιγμές της επιζητούμενης συμβολής. Το καταληκτικό συμπέρασμα, το οποίο προκύπτει μέσα από την εξέταση των επιμέρους πτυχών του εν λογω προβλήματος, είναι ότι θεωρία περί μουσικής του Λούκατς, οι απαντήσεις που έδωσε στο ερώτημα περί του μουσικού περιεχομένου θέτουν σημαντικές προκλήσεις για την παραδοσιακή και νεώτερη Αισθητική, προάγουν συνολικά τον προβληματισμό επί του εν λόγω ζητήματος και ως εκ τούτου είναι αδύνατο να αγνοηθούν από τη σύγχρονη συζήτηση περί Αισθητικής.
Strategic Priorities of Social Policy
Authors: Kurbackaya T. , Simonin P. , Voroncov N.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of strategic priorities of social policy due to the presence of key factors affecting people due to various political and economic shocks. The analysis showed that the coverage of social support concerns to a greater extent the elderly and the population receiving at least one social protection benefit. It is proposed to use a human rights approach aimed at developing strategic priorities based on the formation of an effective social protection policy.
Tumor biology: molecular genetics mechanisms of initiation, promotion and progression
Authors: Ageeva Elizaveta , Golubinskayaa Elena , Makalish Tatyana , Fomochkina Iryna , Kubyshkin Anatolii , Zukow Walery , Shramko Iuliana , Ostapenko Olga , Zhukova Anna , Gurtovaya Anna
Published: November 2022

For all tumors, regardless of type and tissue, there are a number of common features. These include high proliferative activity, disturbances in the mechanisms of apoptosis and "invisibility" for the cells of the immune system. At the basis of all these disorders lies a malfunction in the interaction between signaling proteins inside the cell, due to a violation of the expression of genes responsible for their synthesis. The aim of the review is to study the molecular biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis, characteristics and features of tumor cells that affect the development of the disease, progression, drug resistance and clinical results and the possibilities of targeted therapy of oncological diseases. Material and methods. The search for literature sources was carried out using PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary, Google Scholar databases; the search depth was 15 years. Results. Recent works have shown the evolution of views on the classification of tumors from the point of view of the mechanisms of damage to the processes of cellular regulation and histogenesis, as well as the development of the modern theory of carcinogenesis, ideas about the mechanisms of development of tumor diseases and the prospects of modern therapies. Conclusion. The study of molecular biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis, characteristics and features of tumor cells is not only fundamental, but also of applied importance in order to predict the development of the disease, progression, drug resistance, clinical results and the possibilities of targeted therapy.
Advanced nursing practice: a review of scopes of practice in cancer care
Authors: Carvalho Filipe , Stone Joanna , Munoz-Mozas Gema , Mendes Catia , Thompson Sarah , Jupp Philippa , Appadu Laura , Collantes Laura , Odlin Michaela , Dallimore Paula , Tighe James , Rixen-Osterbo Jorn , McLaren Nuala , Martin Rebecca
Published: November 2022

The establishment of advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) has expanded considerably in recent years and shown to result in substantial contributions to numerous fields of health care. Due to advancements in treatments and innovations in medicine, patients with cancer are living longer, requiring a multifactorial holistic approach in which ANPs, due to their skills and knowledge, can be best utilised, as they are able to provide the expert care required at various stages of the patient journey. This article explores scopes of practice from ANPs working with oncology patients in a tertiary cancer centre, making explicit their roles, in addition to highlighting experienced challenges and future directions of care.
Exploration of delirium assessment and management in a hospice inpatient unit
Authors: Arnold Elizabeth , Fairfield Catherine , Spiller Juliet A , Finucane Anne M
Published: November 2022

Background:

Delirium is common across all palliative care settings. Guidelines exist to support the care of terminally ill people who develop delirium; yet the evidence base is limited. Recent surveys of palliative care specialists have suggested clinical practice is variable.

Aim:

To explore delirium assessment and management in a hospice inpatient setting.

Methods:

A mixed-methods study comprising a retrospective case note review of 21 patients admitted to a hospice inpatient unit and semi-structured interviews with seven hospice inpatient doctors and nurses.

Results:

A total of 62% of patients were screened for delirium on admission using the 4 As tool (4AT). The period prevalence of delirium was 76% during the 2-week study period. The term ‘delirium’ was documented infrequently in case notes, compared to other more ambiguous terms. Interview data suggested that nurses were unfamiliar with delirium screening tools.

Conclusion:

Lack of awareness about delirium screening tools and the infrequent use of the term ‘delirium’ may suggest that delirium goes under-recognised and under-treated. Further education and research are required to support the care of terminally ill people with delirium.
Examining the mother's supportive role caring for a child with cancer
Authors: Mazhari Fariba , Heidari Shahin , Iranmanesh Sedigheh , Sabzevari Sakineh
Published: November 2022

Background:

Childhood cancer is a stressful experience for patients and their families; it has a profound effect on families emotionally, psychologically and financially. The mother's supportive role affects the child's treatment outcomes and the health of all family members.

Aims:

This study was conducted to describe the experiences of mothers of children with cancer.

Methods:

A total of 14 mothers of children with cancer were recruited using purposive sampling. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted using a qualitative inductive content analysis. Data were analysed using Graneheim et al's (2004) approach.

Findings:

According to data analysis, the mother's supportive role can be depicted across four subthemes: ‘being genuinely present with a sick child'; ‘keeping the family together and strengthening its cohesion'; ‘providing compassionate collaborative care for peers'; and ‘empowering the self and taking charge of one's own life'. The main overarching theme extracted from this study was ‘sacrifice'.

Conclusion:

This study results suggest that the mothers’ supportive role is relying on their own personal power, in which they not only give the care to the child, family and counterparts, but also drive personal growth and empowerment of mothers. A deeper understanding of mothers’ experiences of their supportive role may enhance the quality of care and promote further paediatric approaches to palliative care.
Illumination uniformity of an LD and LED hybrid lighting system applied to plant growth
Authors: Xu Ke , Zeng Lina , Li Zaijin , Chen Hao , Qiao Zhongliang , Qu Yi , Liu Guojun , Li Lin
Published: November 2022

To develop a current plant lighting source with both a suitable
illumination area and high illumination uniformity, we propose a
lighting system for plant growth based on the combination of laser
diode and LED lighting modes. We added a triangular-prism-shaped base
plate element to the previous array type optical structure to increase
the light coupling degree and expand the illumination area. The
Taguchi method was used in our design and experiment, and the
influence of different factors on the illumination uniformity was
studied and compared to the lighting effect of a traditional array
floor structure. Finally, a plant lighting source with an illumination
uniformity of 88.54% and color-mixing uniformity of 84.75% was
obtained. Compared to the commonly adopted array structure, this plant
lighting source expands the illumination area by 31.03%, which
verifies the effectiveness of the scheme.