bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Postpartum Depression
Authors: Guille Constance , Newman Roger , Fryml Leah D. , Lifton Clay K. , Epperson C. Neill
Published: October 2013

The mainstays of treatment for peripartum depression are psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. More research is needed to understand which treatments are safe, preferable, and effective. Postpartum depression, now termed peripartum depression by the DSM‐V, is one of the most common complications in the postpartum period and has potentially significant negative consequences for mothers and their families. This article highlights common clinical challenges in the treatment of peripartum depression and reviews the evidence for currently available treatment options. Psychotherapy is the first‐line treatment option for women with mild to moderate peripartum depression. Antidepressant medication in combination with therapy is recommended for women with moderate to severe depression. Although pooled case reports and small controlled studies have demonstrated undetectable infant serum levels and no short‐term adverse events in infants of mothers breastfeeding while taking sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil), further research is needed including larger samples and long‐term follow‐up of infants exposed to antidepressants via breastfeeding controlling for maternal depression. Pharmacologic treatment recommendations for women who are lactating must include discussion with the patient regarding the benefits of breastfeeding, risks of antidepressant use during lactation, and risks of untreated illness. There is a growing evidence base for nonpharmacologic interventions including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, which may offer an attractive option for women who wish to continue to breastfeed and are concerned about their infants being exposed to medication. Among severe cases of peripartum depression with psychosis, referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric advanced practice registered nurse is warranted. Suicidal or homicidal ideation with a desire, intent, or plan to harm oneself or anyone else, including the infant, is a psychiatric emergency, and an evaluation by a mental health professional should be conducted immediately. Peripartum depression treatment research is limited by small sample sizes and few controlled studies. Much work is still needed to better understand which treatments women prefer and are the most effective in ameliorating the symptoms and disease burden associated with peripartum depression.
OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE IN EMERGING MARKETS: A META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Kun , Shailer Greg
Published: October 2013

The literature concerned with relations between ownership concentration and corporate performance in emerging markets presents conflicting theoretical predications and inconclusive empirical results. We use meta‐analytical techniques to integrate the diverse empirical findings and investigate factors contribute to the inconsistencies in the empirical evidence. Using 419 correlations collected from 42 primary studies of listed corporations in 18 emerging markets, heterogeneity tests show that only a small proportion of the variation in reported ownership concentration–performance relations can be attributed to sampling error. Our meta‐regressions reveal how population differences, researchers’ modeling choices, and inadequate treatment of endogeneity explain a large portion of the true heterogeneity. After adjusting for these effects, we find ownership concentration has negative relation with firm performance across countries. Our results emphasize the importance of model specification and methods of addressing endogeneity, and support further comparative study of the ownership concentration–corporate performance relation between countries with seemingly similar corporate governance environments.
Public health genomics and personalized prevention: lessons from the COGS project
Authors: Pashayan N. , Hall A. , Chowdhury S. , Dent T. , Pharoah P. D. P. , Burton H.
Published: October 2013

Using the principles of public health genomics, we examined the opportunities and challenges of implementing personalized prevention programmes for cancer at the population level. Our model‐based estimates indicate that polygenic risk stratification can potentially improve the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of screening programmes. However, compared with ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ screening programmes, personalized screening adds further layers of complexity to the organization of screening services and raises ethical, legal and social challenges. Before polygenic inheritance is translated into population screening strategy, evidence from empirical research and engagement with and education of the public and the health professionals are needed.
Can Eye‐Tracking Techniques Overcome a Limitation of Conjoint Analysis? Case Study on Healthfulness Perception of Yogurt Labels
Authors: Vidal Leticia , Antúnez Lucía , Sapolinski Alejandra , Giménez Ana , Maiche Alejandro , Ares Gastón
Published: October 2013

Results from conjoint analysis do not allow to conclude if a certain variable is not relevant for consumers or if it did not catch their attention. The incorporation of eye‐tracking to conjoint analysis seems to be a proper way to overcome this limitation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the contribution of eye‐tracking techniques to the interpretation of results from conjoint analysis using a case study on consumers' healthfulness perception of yogurt labels. Sixteen yogurt labels (designed according to a full factorial design with four 2‐level factors – label background, fat content, sugar content and traffic light system –) were presented to 51 consumers, who were asked to rate their healthfulness. Participants' eye movements when evaluating the labels were recorded using an eye tracker.

Fat content was the only variable that significantly affected perceived healthfulness. Eye tracking provided an insight on how consumers visually processed the labels and allowed to conclude that consumers visually processed all the information responsible for differences among labels.

Practical Applications

Labeling plays a key role in attracting consumers' attention and providing information that influence consumer expectations and purchase intention. Before engaging in perceptual analyses consumers have to pay attention to specific aspects of the labels. Therefore, studying attentional capture and determining which information consumers rely on for evaluating different aspects of the products is crucial for label design. The combination of conjoint analysis and eye‐tracking techniques can improve the interpretation of results, allowing to conclude if a design variable has a low relative importance because consumers do not consider it relevant or because they did not pay attention to it.
A Practical Guideline for Discrimination Testing Combining both the Proportion of Discriminators and Thurstonian Approaches
Authors: Worch Thierry , Delcher Raymond
Published: October 2013

Discrimination tests are sensory methodologies that are often used to determine whether differences between two products are sufficiently large to be perceived by assessors. Two common approaches are often used to analyze discrimination test results: the guessing model and the Thurstonian model. The guessing model is known for requiring only simple calculation and being easy to understand and interpret. However, the guessing model is method‐specific and it cannot explain the Gridgeman paradox. The Thurstonian model is recognized for returning more rigorous results as it integrates the decision rules used by the assessors in each protocol (hence, it is not method‐specific) but is more difficult to interpret and communicate because the resulting d′ value is a perceptual signal‐to‐noise ratio.

As both approaches are based on fundamentally different assumptions, users tend to consider either one or the other approach for the analysis. However, as both approaches use the same information as input (i.e., the proportion of correct answers PC), a connection between the two approaches can be easily made. By doing so, we can take the best of both worlds and provide guidelines for a powerful and easily interpretable approach. This new approach is presented as a possible alternative solution within a detailed guideline on how to run discrimination tests.

Practical Applications

Discrimination tests (e.g., triangle test, tetrad, duo‐trio) are widespread in R&D departments of food companies. The success of these tests can be explained by the simplicity of the protocols, making the task quick to perform and easy to understand for assessors. However, although discrimination tests appear to be simple, setting up such tests and analyzing/interpreting the results is not easy in practice. Indeed, once you decide to use a discrimination test, you need first to answer several questions: which test should be preferably performed? Under which settings? Which analysis should be performed on the data?

In the literature, although many articles related to discrimination tests are published, it is very difficult to find a clear and simple guideline that would assist users. With this article, we would like to propose one, which also includes a new analysis procedure that is powerful, stable across protocols and easy to interpret. This approach, combining both the Thurstonian and the guessing models, should be of first interest for users of the guessing model who are not willing to use the Thurstonian model.
Injection of Flavor Essences into Fruit Pieces: A New Approach for Exploring Consumer Preferences for Novel Flavors of Apple Fruit
Authors: Altisent Rosa , Jaeger Sara R. , Johnston Jason W. , Harker F. Roger
Published: October 2013

The identification of flavor‐impact compounds and potential new flavors could be assessed by incorporation of naturally occurring volatiles into juices or pulps. However, juices and pulps are not realistic representations of whole fruit, as texture plays a dominant role in consumer perception of fruit quality and affects flavor release. For this reason, the possibility of injecting flavor essences directly into pieces of fruit was explored as a model system to study consumer perceptions and preferences for novel fruit flavors. Small volumes (1 μL) of flavor essences (“tropical,” “smoked salmon,” “chocolate” and “apple”) were injected into cubes of apple tissue. Fifty‐two consumers were asked how much they liked apples with these flavors before and after tasting. Liking, certainty of response and consumption intention were collected using a 9‐point category scale. The study demonstrated that the injection of essences into pieces of apple tissue was a useful model for exploring consumer preferences for novel flavors and provided a good indication of what it would be like eating a whole apple with that flavor.

Practical Applications

Traditional breeding for perennial fruit crops requires investment over many years, with a substantial lag between the start of a crossing program and the delivery of a product into the marketplace. The current research highlights a new sensory approach that will contribute to the effectiveness of fruit breeding programs by providing clear targets for enhanced and novel flavors early in the product development cycle.
Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination III: Infrared spectroscopic analysis of interstellar dust candidates
Authors: Bechtel Hans A. , Flynn George J. , Allen Carlton , Anderson David , Ansari Asna , Bajt Saša , Bastien Ron K. , Bassim Nabil , Borg Janet , Brenker Frank E. , Bridges John , Brownlee Donald E. , Burchell Mark , Burghammer Manfred , Butterworth Anna L. , Changela Hitesh , Cloetens Peter , Davis Andrew M. , Doll Ryan , Floss Christine , Frank David R. , Gainsforth Zack , Grün Eberhard , Heck Philipp R. , Hillier Jon K. , Hoppe Peter , Hudson Bruce , Huth Joachim , Hvide Brit , Kearsley Anton , King Ashley J. , Lai Barry , Leitner Jan , Lemelle Laurence , Leroux Hugues , Leonard Ariel , Lettieri Robert , Marchant William , Nittler Larry R. , Ogliore Ryan , Ong Wei Ja , Postberg Frank , Price Mark C. , Sandford Scott A. , Tresseras Juan‐Angel Sans , Schmitz Sylvia , Schoonjans Tom , Silversmit Geert , Simionovici Alexandre S. , Solé Vicente A. , Srama Ralf , Stadermann Frank J. , Stephan Thomas , Sterken Veerle J. , Stodolna Julien , Stroud Rhonda M. , Sutton Steven , Trieloff Mario , Tsou Peter , Tsuchiyama Akira , Tyliszczak Tolek , Vekemans Bart , Vincze Laszlo , Von Korff Joshua , Westphal Andrew J. , Wordsworth Naomi , Zevin Daniel , Zolensky Michael E. ,   >30,000 Stardust@home dusters
Published: October 2013

Under the auspices of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination, picokeystones extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector were examined with synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy to establish whether they contained extraterrestrial organic material. The picokeystones were found to be contaminated with varying concentrations and speciation of organics in the native aerogel, which hindered the search for organics in the interstellar dust candidates. Furthermore, examination of the picokeystones prior to and post X‐ray microprobe analyses yielded evidence of beam damage in the form of organic deposition or modification, particularly with hard X‐ray synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence. From these results, it is clear that considerable care must be taken to interpret any organics that might be in interstellar dust particles. For the interstellar candidates examined thus far, however, there is no clear evidence of extraterrestrial organics associated with the track and/or terminal particles. However, we detected organic matter associated with the terminal particle in Track 37, likely a secondary impact from the Al‐deck of the sample return capsule, demonstrating the ability of synchrotron FTIR to detect organic matter in small particles within picokeystones from the Stardust interstellar dust collector.
Mixing relations of the howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite suite: A new statistical approach of independent component analysis for the Dawn mission
Authors: Usui Tomohiro , Iwamori Hikaru
Published: October 2013

Dawn has recently revealed that the surface of Vesta is heterogeneously covered by polymictic regoliths represented by mixtures of howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites. Mixing relations of the HED suite are examined here using a new computational statistical approach of independent component analysis (ICA). We performed eight‐component ICA (Si, Ti, Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca) for 209 HED bulk‐rock compositions. The ICA results indicate that the HED bulk‐rock compositions can be reduced into three independent components (IC) and these IC vectors can reasonably explain compositional variation, petrographic observations, and the mixing relations of the HED suite. The IC‐1 vector represents a eucrite variation that extends from cumulate eucrite toward main‐group (MG) and incompatible‐element enriched eucrites. The IC‐2 vector represents a compositional variation of howardites that extends from diogenites to MG‐eucrites, indicating the well‐known two‐component mixing trend of diogenite and eucrite. The IC‐3 vector represents a compositional variation defined by diogenites and olivine‐bearing diogenites, suggesting mixing of olivine and orthopyroxene. Among the three ICs, the diogenite‐eucrite mixing trend IC‐2 is most statistically robust and dominates the compositional variations of the HED suite. Our ICA study further indicates that the combination of only three elements (Mg, Si, and Fe) approximates the eight‐component ICA model, and that the limited number of resolvable γ‐ray spectra obtained by the Dawn mission possibly discriminates olivine lithologies from the olivine‐free regolith breccias on the surface of Vesta.
The target gene of tae‐miR164, a novel NAC transcription factor from the NAM subfamily, negatively regulates resistance of wheat to stripe rust
Authors: Feng Hao , Duan Xiaoyuan , Zhang Qiong , Li Xiaorui , Wang Bing , Huang Lili , Wang Xiaojie , Kang Zhensheng
Published: October 2013

microRNA (miRNA) participates in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants by regulating corresponding target genes. NAC [NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF (Arabidopsis transcription activation factor) and CUC (cup‐shaped cotyledon)] transcription factors, usually as the targets of miR164, play important roles in the regulation of plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In a previous study, the target gene of tae‐miR164 in wheat was sequenced through degradome sequencing. In this study, we isolated the full‐length cDNA of the candidate target gene, which is a NAC transcription factor gene in the NAM subfamily, and designated it as TaNAC21/22 after bioinformatics analysis. The interaction between TaNAC21/22 and tae‐miR164 was confirmed experimentally through co‐transformation of both genes in tobacco leaves. Transcript accumulation of TaNAC21/22 and tae‐miR164 showed contrasting divergent expression patterns in wheat response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). TaNAC21/22 was confirmed to be located in the nucleus and could function as a transcriptional activator. Silencing of the individual gene showed that TaNAC21/22 negatively regulates resistance to stripe rust. These results indicate that the target of tae‐miR164, a novel NAC transcription factor from the NAM subfamily of wheat, plays an important role in regulating the resistance of host plants to stripe rust.
In vitro activity of the protegrin IB‐367 alone and in combination compared with conventional antifungal agents against dermatophytes
Authors: Simonetti Oriana , Silvestri Carmela , Arzeni Daniela , Cirioni Oscar , Kamysz Wojciech , Conte Irene , Staffolani Silvia , Orsetti Elena , Morciano Angela , Castelli Pamela , Scalise Alessandro , Kamysz Elzbieta , Offidani Anna Maria , Giacometti Andrea , Barchiesi Francesco
Published: October 2013

The occurrence of resistance or side effects in patients receiving antifungal agents leads to failure in the treatment of mycosis. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the in vitro effects of IB‐367 alone and in combination with three standard antifungal drugs, fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITRA) and terbinafine (TERB), against 20 clinical isolates of dermatophytes belonging to three species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs), synergy test, time‐kill curves, fungal biomass (FB) and hyphal damage using 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfenylamino carbonil)‐2H‐tetrazolium hydroxide assay (XTT) were performed to study the efficacy of IB‐367. In this study, we observed that TERB and ITRA had MICs lower values for all the strains compared to IB‐367 and FLU. Synergy was found in 35%, 30% and 25% of IB‐367/FLU, IB‐367/ITRA and IB‐367/TERB interactions respectively. IB‐367 exerted a fungicidal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and Microsporum canis at concentrations starting from 1x MIC. At a concentration of 5x MIC, IB‐367 showed the highest rates of hyphae damage for M. canis 53% and T. mentagrophytes 50%; against the same isolates it caused a reduction of 1 log of the total viable count cell hyphae damage. We propose IB‐367 as a promising candidate for the future design of antifungal drugs.
Trade, Growth, Poverty, and Politics: Toward a Unified Theory
Authors: Gruber Lloyd
Published: October 2013

This article takes the opportunity presented by the current global downturn to reassess the latest scholarly work on globalization's long‐term implications for economic and political development. Will the market inequities generated by trade and international interdependence systematically undermine the domestic redistributive systems on which poor, redistribution‐reliant citizens depend for their economic well‐being and continuing engagement with society? Or should we expect to find trade‐induced market inequality biasing political systems in exactly the opposite direction—toward more, not less, market‐correcting redistribution? To answer these discipline‐spanning questions with any degree of confidence, we will first need to develop a more theoretically integrated model of the mechanisms that link market inequality to nonmarket redistribution. Creating that model—and, to that end, unifying major theoretical strands within political science and economics—should be our first priority.

Related Articles:

Luckhurst, Jonathan. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 740‐782. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00387.x/abstract

Wood, Stephen P. 1999. “.” Southeastern Political Review 27 (): 265‐280. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1999.tb00535.x/abstract

Kirshner, Orin. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 151‐176. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00165.x/abstract

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Film Clips: . 2013. “” May 15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R84XoIinBL8

2013. http://www.whypoverty.net/en/

Podcast: . 2013. “.” http://developmentdrums.org/
The Illinois Underground Storage Tank Fund: Tanks for Nothing
Authors: Musgrave Meagan
Published: October 2013

At the expense of those who use petroleum in Illinois, the Underground Storage Tank (UST) Fund provides tank owners and operators with the financial support they need to remediate leaking UST sites. Little has been written on the sociodemographic factors that influence UST site remediation because most analysts characterize “open” tank sites (those in need of remediation) using only descriptive statistics. I examine how socioeconomic variables and the passage of time influence the distribution of open sites within Illinois and find that only time contributes to the likelihood that a site will remain open. This result suggests that reducing the reimbursement timeline for tank owners and operators should be considered as an effective strategy for increasing remediation rates, both within Illinois and throughout the United States.

Related Articles

Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 629‐656. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x/abstract

Pautz, Michelle C. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 1047‐1072. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00210.x/abstract

Shrock, Peter. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 991‐1013. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00261.x/abstract

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DeHaan, Patrick. 2012. “” CBS. August 7. http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/08/07/illinois‐gas‐prices‐now‐the‐highest‐in‐continental‐u‐s/

. 2008. . May. http://www.epa.state.il.us/land/lust/ust‐fund.html
Relative Losses and Economic Voting: Sociotropic Considerations or “Keeping up with the Joneses?”
Authors: Dettrey Bryan J.
Published: October 2013

This article examines how pocketbook and sociotropic economic evaluations jointly affect economic voting behavior for those that have “fallen behind” in their personal financial conditions relative to aggregate economic performance. According to reference‐dependent and relative loss theories, those who have fallen behind should be less likely to support the incumbent president. Alternatively, attributing personal financial conditions to the incumbent is cognitively complex and can conflict with core values, and the sociotropic version of voting is typically stronger than the pocketbook version. These approaches are tested, and the results show that the sociotropic version of economic voting predominates even among those who have fallen behind. The results are robust to controls for nongovernmental sources of variation in personal financial conditions. These results have important implications for democratic accountability in an age of economic inequality.

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Stegmaier, Mary, and Michael S. Lewis‐Beck. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 769‐780. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00197.x/abstract

Regens, James L., and Michael J. Scicchitano. 1985. “.” Southeastern Political Review 13 (): 183‐196. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1985.tb00011.x/abstract

Lasley, Scott, and Mary Stegmaier. 2001. “.” Politics & Policy 29 (): 545‐567. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2001.tb00602.x/abstract

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Film Clips:
Ariely, Dan. 2008. “.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Xcw‐kXKDB3s

. 2013. “.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y7Xtwxd90I
Test‐retest reliability of amygdala response to emotional faces
Authors: Sauder Colin L. , Hajcak Greg , Angstadt Mike , Phan K. Luan
Published: October 2013

In the current study, we evaluated the test‐retest reliability of amygdala response using an emotional face‐matching task that has been widely used to examine pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms in psychiatric populations. Activation within the fusiform face area (FFA) was also examined. Twenty‐seven healthy volunteers completed a variation of the face‐matching paradigm developed by Hariri et al. (2000) at two time points approximately 90 days apart. Estimates of test‐retest reliability of amygdala response to fearful faces were moderate, whereas angry and happy faces showed poor reliability. Test‐retest reliability of the FFA was moderate to strong, regardless of facial affect. Collectively, these findings indicate that the reliability of the BOLD MR signal in the amygdala varies substantially by facial affect. Efforts to improve measurement precision, enlarge sample sizes, or increase the number of assessment occasions seem warranted.
Detection of a new HLA‐A allele, designated HLA‐A*32:53
Authors: Ulrich S. , Posch U. , Lanzer G.
Published: October 2013

The novel allele A*32:53 differs from A*32:01 by a single nucleotide substitution in exon 4 (position 649G>A).
Characterization of Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genotypes and haplotypes in Chinese Han population
Authors: Bao X. , Wang M. , Zhou H. , Wu X. , Yang L. , Xu C. , Yuan X. , Zhang J. , Li L. , Wu D. , He J.
Published: October 2013

We performed Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genotyping on 1271 individuals of Chinese Han origin including 102 families and 965 unrelated individuals. The families (with one child and both parents) were subjected for haplotype analysis. Forty‐one different genotypes were identified. The frequencies of the KIR genotypes found in the family panel were confirmed by those found in the unrelated panel. The family study showed segregation of one A haplotype and at least 15 unique B haplotypes. The most commonly observed haplotypes in group B were B1, B2, and B3, present at a frequency of 10.05%, 6.62%, and 4.90%, respectively. On the basis of the combination of KIR genes, six centromeric and seven telomeric gene motifs have been identified. Motif cB02 was the most frequent haplotype B specific centromeric segment while tB01 was the most frequent haplotype B specific telomeric segment. The distinct distribution of KIR haplotypes in each population may reflect the history of directional and balancing selection of different races. The gene combinations of group A and B1/B2/B3 haplotype were the most frequent genotypes named as Bx1, Bx2, and Bx3, present at a frequency of 13.72%, 7.35%, and 4.41% in the family panel, and at a frequency of 15.86%, 10.15%, and 5.80% in the unrelated panel, respectively. Overall, this study showed the diversity of KIR haplotypes and genotypes in Chinese Han population and developed a criterion for distinguish KIR haplotypes/genotypes for the population. KIR genotyping and haplotype analysis should be useful for selection of the most optimum donor grafts with favorable KIR gene content for transplants.
Identification of a novel HLA‐B allele, B*46:39, by sequence‐based typing
Authors: Son J. A. , Lee J. Y. , Oh S. H. , Shin J. H , Kim H. R.
Published: October 2013

The new allele B*46:39 showed a single‐nucleotide substitution compared with B*46:01 at codon 185 (CCA/ACA).
The 11q23.3 genomic region—rs964184—is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: López‐Mejías R. , Genre F. , García‐Bermúdez M. , Castañeda S. , González‐Juanatey C. , Llorca J. , Corrales A. , Miranda‐Filloy J. A. , Rueda‐Gotor J. , Gómez‐Vaquero C. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez L. , Fernández‐Gutiérrez B. , Balsa A. , Pascual‐Salcedo D. , López‐Longo F. J. , Carreira P. , Blanco R. , González‐Álvaro I. , Martín J. , González‐Gay M. A.
Published: October 2013

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease associated with high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Recently, the rs964184 polymorphism has been associated with coronary artery disease in nonrheumatic Caucasian individuals. 2160 Spanish RA patients were genotyped for the rs964184 polymorphism. Sex, age at diagnosis and traditional CV risk factors (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking habit) were associated with increased risk of CV events. Interestingly, RA patients carrying the rs964184 GG genotype had significantly higher risk of CV events than those with CC genotype [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–6.26, P = 0.006] after adjusting the results for sex, age at diagnosis and traditional CV risk factors. Our results indicate that rs964184 polymorphism is associated with CV disease in RA.
Characterisation of a new HLA‐DRB1 allele: DRB1*03:85
Authors: Cappuzzo V. , Halliwell J. A. , Ingrassia F. , Mistretta S. , Marsh S. G. E.
Published: October 2013

HLA‐DRB1*03:85 differs from HLA‐DRB1*03:06 by two nucleotides, position 257 A>T and position 258T>C, resulting in Valine at codon 57.
Evaluation of a high‐sensitivity assay for measurement of canine and feline serum cardiac troponin I
Authors: Langhorn Rebecca , Willesen Jakob Lundgren , Tarnow Inge , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads
Published: October 2013

Background

Cardiac troponins are established as the gold standard biomarkers for acute cardiac injury. As even small elevations of cardiac troponins have prognostic relevance in people, it is important to investigate the performance of sensitive assays for use in veterinary medicine.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate analytical and overlap performance of a high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay, the ADVIA Centaur CP TnI‐Ultra assay, in dogs and cats.

Methods

Serum samples from dogs and cats with cardiac disease or arrhythmias, along with samples of purified canine free cTnI and complexed cTnI, T, and C (cTnI‐T‐C) were used in the assay validation study. Intra‐ and inter‐assay variation, linearity under dilution, spike‐and‐recovery analysis, and detection limit were investigated to assess analytical performance. Overlap performance was evaluated based on the ability of the assay to discriminate between healthy animals and animals with cardiac disease or arrhythmias.

Results

Intra‐assay variation of cTnI in canine and feline serum ranged from 3.9 to 6.4% and from 4.0 to 4.8%, respectively. Inter‐assay variation ranged from 2.7 to 4.7% and from 4.0 to 7.8%, respectively. The assay demonstrated acceptable linearity under dilution within a clinically relevant range of cTnI concentrations. Spike‐and‐recovery analysis showed excessive recovery in the range 150.7%–242.0% for free cTnI and 121.1–196.3% for complexed cTnI‐T‐C, partly due to a matrix effect. Overlap performance was acceptable as animals with cardiac disease or arrhythmias (n = 45 dogs, n = 53 cats) had significantly higher cTnI concentrations than healthy controls (P < .0001).

Conclusions

The results confirm the ADVIA Centaur CP TnI‐Ultra assay as a valuable tool for assessing cTnI and thus myocardial injury in dogs and cats.
Comparison of the buccal mucosal bleeding time in dogs using 3 different‐sized lancet devices
Authors: Aumann Marcel , Rossi Valentina , Le Boedec Kevin , Diquélou Armelle
Published: October 2013

Background

The buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) evaluates primary hemostasis in vivo. Three different‐sized lancet devices designed for people, Adult (A), Junior (J), and Newborn (N), can be used to perform the BMBT in dogs.

Objectives

The aim was to compare BMBT using 3 different‐sized human lancet devices in dogs with varying platelet counts and hematocrits.

Methods

The BMBT was measured in 46 client‐owned dogs (2 healthy, 44 suffering from various disorders) with varying platelet (Plt) counts and hematocrits, using the 3 devices successively in each dog, in a randomly determined order, over a 10‐ to 30‐minute period. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U‐test) was performed using commercial software.

Results

BMBTs were significantly different between devices (P < .00001), and shorter with devices N and J compared with device A (P < .01). The BMBT was prolonged (> 210 s) in 10 dogs with device A and in 7 dogs each with devices J and N, respectively. Sixteen dogs had a Plt count < 200 × 109/L (Reference interval 200–500 × 109/L). Nine of these dogs had prolonged BMBT with device A, and 6 dogs with device J and device N, respectively. BMBT was longer in thrombocytopenic dogs with devices A and J (P < .016). Anemia without thrombocytopenia did not affect BMBT with any device.

Conclusions

The BMBT is influenced by the size of the used device, with A resulting in the longest BMBT. Therefore, the type of device used to obtain the BMBT has to be specified for standardized results.
Role of gold nanoclusters supported on TiO2(110) model catalyst in CO oxidation reaction
Authors: Visikovskiy Anton , Mitsuhara Kei , Kido Yoshiaki
Published: October 2013

It was reported previously that O adatoms adsorbed dissociatively on the five-fold Ti rows of rutile TiO2(110) made the surface O-rich and reacted with CO molecules to form CO2. An electronic charge transfer taking place from gold nanoclusters to the O-rich TiO2(110) support played a crucial role to enhance the catalytic activity [Mitsuhara et al., J. Chem. Phys. 136, 124303 (2012)]. In this study, the authors have further accumulated experimental data for the CO oxidation reaction enhanced by gold nanoclusters on the TiO2(110) surface. Based on the results obtained here and previously, the authors propose an “interface dipole model,” which explains the strong activity of Au nanoclusters supported on O-rich TiO2(110) in CO oxidation reaction. Simultaneously, the authors also discuss the cationic cluster model proposed by Wang and Hammer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136107 (2006)] and the d-band model predicted by Hammer and Nørskov [Adv. Catal. 45, 71 (2000)]. The latter is, in particular, widely accepted to explain the activities of heterogeneous catalysts. Contrary to the d-band model, our ab initio calculations demonstrate that the d-band center for Au nanoclusters moves apart from the Fermi level with decreasing the cluster size and this is due to contraction of the Au-Au bond length.
Compressive sensing beamforming based on covariance for acoustic imaging with noisy measurements
Authors: Zhong Siyang , Wei Qingkai , Huang Xun
Published: October 2013

Compressive sensing, a newly emerging method from information technology, is applied to array beamforming and associated acoustic applications. A compressive sensing beamforming method (CSB-II) is developed based on sampling covariance matrix, assuming spatially sparse and incoherent signals, and then examined using both simulations and aeroacoustic measurements. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed CSB-II method is robust to sensing noise. In addition, aeroacoustic tests of a landing gear model demonstrate the good performance in terms of resolution and sidelobe rejection.
The optimal ratio time-frequency mask for speech separation in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio
Authors: Liang Shan , Liu Wenju , Jiang Wei , Xue Wei
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a computational goal for a monaural speech separation system is proposed. Since this goal is derived by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it is called the optimal ratio mask (ORM). Under the approximate W-Disjoint Orthogonality assumption which almost always holds due to the sparse nature of speech, theoretical analysis shows that the ORM can improve the SNR about 10log102 dB over the ideal ratio mask. With three kinds of real-world interference, the speech separation results of SNR gain and objective quality evaluation demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis, and imply that the ORM achieves a better separation performance.
Using Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) to Identify Mechanisms of Action for Natural Products
Authors: Potts Malia B. , Kim Hyun Seok , Fisher Kurt W. , Hu Youcai , Carrasco Yazmin P. , Bulut Gamze Betul , Ou Yi-Hung , Herrera-Herrera Mireya L. , Cubillos Federico , Mendiratta Saurabh , Xiao Guanghua , Hofree Matan , Ideker Trey , Xie Yang , Huang Lily Jun-shen , Lewis Robert E. , MacMillan John B. , White Michael A.
Published: October 2013

Grouping genetic perturbations and marine-derived compounds by the gene signatures they produce reveals potential therapeutics and their targets.
Preventing Bone Loss
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: October 2013

HIF1α inhibitors may prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Inhibiting mTORC1 at the Peroxisome
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: October 2013

Reactive oxygen species produced by the peroxisome inhibit mTORC1 localized at these catabolic organelles.
Inhibition of the Cardiomyocyte-Specific Kinase TNNI3K Limits Oxidative Stress, Injury, and Adverse Remodeling in the Ischemic Heart
Authors: Vagnozzi Ronald J. , Gatto Gregory J. , Kallander Lara S. , Hoffman Nicholas E. , Mallilankaraman Karthik , Ballard Victoria L. T. , Lawhorn Brian G. , Stoy Patrick , Philp Joanne , Graves Alan P. , Naito Yoshiro , Lepore John J. , Gao Erhe , Madesh Muniswamy , Force Thomas
Published: October 2013

Blocking the activity of a cardiomyocyte-specific protein kinase with a small-molecule inhibitor reduces oxidative stress, myocyte death, and adverse remodeling in the ischemic heart.
mAbs and Ad-Vectored IFN-α Therapy Rescue Ebola-Infected Nonhuman Primates When Administered After the Detection of Viremia and Symptoms
Authors: Qiu Xiangguo , Wong Gary , Fernando Lisa , Audet Jonathan , Bello Alexander , Strong Jim , Alimonti Judie B. , Kobinger Gary P.
Published: October 2013

Monoclonal antibodies and adenovirus-vectored IFN-α extend the treatment window for
Zaire ebolavirus
in macaques.
Looking into the Crystal Ball for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mack William J.
Published: October 2013

Markers may detect early vascular dysfunction in patients at risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
Serotonin Gives Oxytocin a Helping Hand
Authors: Sohal Vikaas S.
Published: October 2013

Oxytocin modulates the rewarding effects of social interaction by acting on serotonin release and synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens.
Phanerozoic evolution of the North American Cordillera; United States and Canada
Authors: Oldow John S. , Bally Albert W. , Lallemant Hans G. Avé , Leeman William P.
Published: October 2013

The rediscovery of America by the Genovese Christopher Columbus and the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards was followed by a more gradual, but equally relentless, occupation of North America by the French and the British. The last phase of this process involved the discovery and exploration of the western Cordillera of North America. Fur traders Anthony Henday (1754) and the La Verendrye brothers (1743) were the first non Indians to sight the western Cordillera, while James Cook (1778) and Vitus Bering (1728,1741) were the first to explore the coasts of the northern Pacific beyond a California that was already discovered and subdued by the Spanish.

There followed many expeditions that were driven by the search for gold and the fur trade as well as political and missionary interests. Most spectacular perhaps was the first crossing of the Canadian Cordillera by the Scot, Alexander MacKenzie, who reached the Pacific near Bella Coola, British Columbia in 1793. In his footsteps, the expeditions of Simon Fraser (1807), David Thompson (1807–1812), and others led to the geographic reconnaissance of the Cordillera of the northwestern United States and Canada. Lewis and Clark (1804–1805), who traversed the northwestern U.S. Cordillera, were the first who, while obviously involved in a politically motivated expedition, had an important charge to also make scientific observations.

Thus, the western Cordillera had first to be “discovered” through the arduous efforts of many early explorers before any significant geological studies could be undertaken. The first geological map of North America, published by Jean Etienne Guettard in 1752 in his “Mémoire dans lequel on compare le Canada à la Suisse,”
The Magnetic Anomaly Map of North America; A new tool for regional geologic mapping
Authors: Hinze William J. , Hood Peter J.
Published: October 2013

Although the charting of anomalous variations in the Earth′s magnetic field to aid in the mapping of the Earth′s crust has been practiced for over a century, the development of aeromagnetic surveying technology has made it possible in recent decades to conduct surveys of extensive regions efficiently and precisely. These improvements in surveying instrumentation, procedures, and data processing made it possible to move from magnetic “anomaly hunting” to the preparation of regional total field contour maps. Aeromagnetic surveys have been conducted over limited areas for specific geologic objectives, with little attention paid to the possibility of compositing individual surveys into regional, small-scale maps for the study of continental-scale geologic features. However, interpretation of compilations of simplified near surface, aeromagnetic anomaly maps (e.g., MacLaren and Charbonneau, 1968), and high-level, broadly spaced profile surveys (e.g., Zietz and others, 1969; Sexton and others, 1982) has shown that small-scale, low-resolution magnetic anomaly maps of extensive regions can be very useful in mapping continental scale geologic features.

Since the mid-1940s, airborne magnetic surveys have been conducted over vast regions of North America. The public availability of many of these surveys led to the preparation of national maps by Canada and the United States. The first 1:5,000,000 scale colored magnetic anomaly map of Canada (Morley and tohers, 1968) was prepared with hand-compilation techniques by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). Subsequent editions of the map have provided greater coverage and improved detail, leading to the fifth edition (Dods and others, 1987), which was produced by machine-compilation of digital data.
Geologic history of the Caribbean and Central America
Authors: Donnelly Thomas W.
Published: October 2013

The Caribbean area as defined here includes the Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, the northern boundary of South America, and Central America (Fig. 1); it spans approximately 7,800 km in an east-west direction and 3,900 km in a north-south direction. Although the geology of this region should be considered along with that of Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, these areas form separate chapters in this book. This chapter is in part a condensation of numerous contributions prepared for the synthesis volume on the Caribbean region by Case and Dengo (1989). Further details are available in that book. Modern geological interest in the Caribbean has centered on its Cretaceous to Recent orogenic belts that resulted from plate interactions between North and South America. The Caribbean is the site of America’s most extensive Cretaceous and Cenozoic oceanic-continental tectonic zone and has (along with the Aleutians) its only real island arcs. It has the majority of the active volcanic centers of the New World and a major share of the destructive earthquakes. The goal of the Caribbean geologist is to reconstruct the history of a minor “plate” whose extensive internal deformation belies the strict application of this term. This “plate” has been broken and twisted within the jaws of three major plates (Farallon, North America, and South America), whose relative motions have changed dramatically from Jurassic to Recent time. However, the average motion among the three plates since the middle Cretaceous has been one of roughly east-west compression, and the aim of this paper is to place the geologic history in the context of these changing major plate motions.
The evolution of the Appalachian chain
Authors: Rast Nicholas
Published: October 2013

The Appalachian chain is a Paleozoic megastructure, bordering eastern North America. On land the exposed part of the chain stretches more than 3,000 km from Newfoundland in the northeast to Alabama in the southwest (Fig. 1). To the northwest the chain is adjacent to the Laurentian craton of Precambrian rocks, or to their platformal cover; to the southeast, gently inclined Meso-Cenozoic coastal strata of the Atlantic shelf cover the deformed Appalachian formations. Elucidation of the geology of the Appalachian Mountains has had almost two centuries of history (Faill, 1985). The chain was first defined in the southern and central states of the eastern United States, and then extrapolated northward into New England and Canada (Rodgers, 1970). Thus, even early in the history of their investigation, the Appalachians were divided into northern, central, and southern sectors (Fig. 1). South of New York the early work was conducted by state geological surveys, among which those in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina were especially active. From the 1870s onward the U.S. Geological Survey expanded its activities in the region.

The foundations for the present understanding of Appalachian geology were laid by the Geological Survey of New York, personified by James Hall, and the Geological Surveys of Pennsylvania and Virginia, from where the brothers W. B. and H. D. Rogers conducted their investigations. While Hall (1883) stressed the stratigraphie-paléontologie aspects of the rocks composing the Appalachians, the Rogers brothers (1843) were more concerned with the physical structures of the strata. Hall′s impetus led to the paleostratigraphic approach, and he was the first to advance the notion of a basinal geosyncline;
The Arctic Islands
Authors: Trettin H. P.
Published: October 2013

The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, perched on the northern rim of the continent, is about 1.3 million km2 in area, including intervening waters (Fig. 1; Plate 9, index). Parry Channel, a seaway connecting Baffin Bay with the western Arctic Ocean, separates the Queen Elizebeth Islands to the north from another group of islands to the south. Rugged mountain ranges with extensive ice caps in the eastern part of the archipelago, and plateaus, lowlands, and a coastal plain in the western part, are all dissected by numerous channels and fiords (Dawes and Christie, Ch. 3).1

Outlines of the geography and rudiments of the geology were established during the last century and the first half of this century. This work was done by ship, with sledges, or on foot, under hardship and often tragic circumstances (Christie and Dawes, Ch. 2). A coherent stratigraphic-structural framework has emerged from subsequent systematic surface studies, which have been supported by helicopters since 1955. Paleontology, always at the forefront of Arctic earth science, has provided the basis for both regional correlations and reconstructions of the geologic history. Petroleum exploration has been active in the islands since the early 1960s, and by 1987, 176 wells had been drilled and more than 65,000 km of seismic reflection lines had been shot. The well data have been absorbed into the stratigraphic framework, and a few instructive seismic interpretations have been released (e.g., Harrison and Bally, 1988), but the bulk of the seismic work remains unpublished. Gravity surveys (Sobczak, Ch. 5A) and deep seismic refraction surveys, both carried out from the late 1950s onward, have permitted construction of crustal cross sections in the western parts of the islands (Sweeney and others, 1986; Sobczak and others, Ch. 5B), while aeromagnetic surveys (Coles, Ch. 5D), electrical conductivity studies (Niblett and Kurtz, Ch. 5E), and analyses of seismicity (Forsyth and others, Ch. 5C) have elucidated other aspects of crustal structure and tectonics.