bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work stressors and impaired sleep: rumination as a mediator
Authors: Berset Martial , Elfering Achim , Lüthy Stefan , Lüthi Simon , Semmer Norbert K.
Published: July 2010

An association between stress at work and impaired sleep is theoretically plausible and supported by empirical evidence. The current study's main aim was to investigate how the influence of stressors is carried over into the evening and the night. We assume that this relationship is mediated by perseverative cognitions. We tested this assumption in two cross‐sectional samples with structural equation modeling, using bootstrapped standard errors to test for significance. Effort–reward imbalance and time pressure were used as stressors, and rumination as a measure for perseverative cognitions. Results show that the stressors are related to perseverative cognitions, and these are related to impaired sleep in both samples. Indirect effects are significant in both samples. With rumination controlled, direct effects of stressors on sleep are only significant in one out of four cases. Thus, there is full mediation in three out of four cases, and partial mediation in the fourth one. Our results underscore the notion that perseverative cognitions are crucial for transferring negative effects of work stressors into private life, including sleep, thus hindering individuals to successfully recover. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search‐based many‐to‐one component substitution
Authors: Desnos Nicolas , Huchard Marianne , Tremblay Guy , Urtado Christelle , Vauttier Sylvain
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we present a search‐based automatic many‐to‐one component substitution mechanism. When a component is removed from an assembly to overcome component obsolescence, failure or unavailability, most existing systems perform component‐to‐component (one‐to‐one) substitution. Thus, they only handle situations where a specific candidate component is available. As this is not the most frequent case, it would be more flexible to allow a single component to be replaced by a whole component assembly (many‐to‐one component substitution). We propose such an automatic substitution mechanism, which does not require the possible changes to be anticipated and which preserves the quality of the assembly. This mechanism requires components to be enhanced with ports, which provide synthetic information on components' assembling capabilities. Such port‐enhanced components then constitute input data for a search‐based mechanism that looks for possible assemblies using various heuristics to tame complexity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reproductive toxicity of organic compounds extracted from drinking water sources on Sprague Dawley rats: An in vitro study
Authors: Wu Jiang , Hu Guanjiu , Wang Xiaoyi , Li Dongmei , Yu Hongxia , Han Xiaodong
Published: July 2010

The safety of drinking water always causes worldwide concern. Water pollution increases with urban development and industrialization in developing countries. During recent decades, increasing numbers of environmental organic compounds have been found in aquatic environments. These organic compounds are capable of bioaccumulating to much higher concentrations in food webs and cause health effects on human beings. Reproductive impairment is one of the commonest consequences of environmental pollution. Our goal was to investigate the reproductive toxicity of organic compounds extracted from surface water samples collected in drinking water sources. This study focused on the surface water in lower Yangtze River and Taihu Lake, which act as drinking water sources of Jiangsu province, one of the most rapidly developing regions in China. We used solid‐phase extraction (SPE) to condense organic compounds by 286 times from natural surface water samples and established in vitro system to evaluate their effects on reproductive system. We found that organic compounds destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of Sertoli cells and Spermatogenic cells to a certain degree and significantly depressed viability of Sertoli cells and Spermatogenic cells as well. Accordingly, the proportion of apoptotic Sertoli cells and dead Spermatogenic cells enhanced markedly. Although viability of organic‐compound‐treated Leydig cells did not come down remarkably, testosterone production of Leydig cells decreased evidently. These results suggest that accumulated comprehensive effects of organic compounds in surface water of drinking water sources may induce spermatogenesis malfunction and reduction of testosterone production in the long term. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Values and preferences: defining preference construction
Authors: Warren Caleb , McGraw A. Peter , Van Boven Leaf
Published: July 2010

Extensive research in the values and preferences literature suggests that preferences are sensitive to context and calculated at the time of choice. This has led to the view that preferences are constructed. Recent work calls for a better understanding of when preferences are constructed and when they are not. We contend that the answer to this question depends on the meaning of the term constructed. Constructed can mean that a preference changes across contexts. If construction is synonymous with context sensitivity, we contend that preferences are always constructed because context influences nearly every aspect of the judgment and choice process. As a motivating example, we show that preferences are influenced by goals and goals are highly context sensitive. Constructed, however, can mean instead that a preference is calculated or formulated during the judgment and choice process. If construction is synonymous with calculation, we contend that many preferences are calculated and the more important question is to what degree preferences are calculated. We review the literature that shows that the degree to which decision makers calculate preferences is influenced by goals, cognitive constraints, and experience.WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 193–205 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.98

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of a new Protonated Magnesium Borophosphate: (H3O)Mg(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2O
Authors: Yang Yang , Wu Jian , Wang Yu , Zhu Jiang , Liu Ruibin , Meng Changgong
Published: July 2010

A new protonated borophosphate (H3O)Mg(H2O)2[BP2O8]·H2O (1) was synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and TG‐DTA. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal system, space group P6(1)22 (No 178), a = 9.4462(7) Å, c = 15.759(2) Å, V = 1217.8(2) Å3, and Z = 6. There exist infinite helical $^1_\infty${[BP2O8]3–} ribbons built up from corner‐sharing PO4 and BO4 tetrahedra, which are connected by MgO4(H2O)2 leading to an infinite three‐dimensional open‐framework. The H3O+ ions are located at the free thread of the helical ribbons, whereas crystallized water occupy the channels of the helical ribbons. The dehydration of the compound occurs at a higher temperature which is presumably due to the anisotropic hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure. The luminescent properties of the compound were studied.
Clinical correlates of painful diabetic neuropathy and relationship of neuropathic pain with sensorimotor and autonomic nerve function
Authors: Spallonel Vincenza , Morganti Roberto , D'Amato Cinzia , Cacciotti Laura , Fedele Tiziana , Maiello Maria R. , Marfia Girolama
Published: July 2010

Background: This study investigated the clinical correlates of painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDPN) and the relationship of neuropathic pain with sensorimotor and autonomic nerve function.

Methods: Seventy‐eight diabetic patients with PDPN (PDPN+), 57 with non‐painful diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN+), and 56 without diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN−) were prospectively studied. Autonomic neuropathy, neuropathic symptoms and signs, vibration perception threshold, and neuropathic pain were assessed using 4 cardiovascular tests, scoring systems for symptoms and signs (Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score, MDNS), Biothesiometer, and a numerical rating scale.

Results: Compared to DPN+, PDPN+ patients displayed higher BMI (P =0.0043), waist circumference (P =0.0057), neuropathy symptom score (P <0.0001), MDNS (P <0.0001), and lower Valsalva ratio (P =0.037). In a multiple logistic regression analysis including PDPN as the dependent variable and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, diabetes type, diabetes duration, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglycerides, smoking, peripheral arterial disease, Valsalva ratio and MDNS as the independent variables, BMI (OR 1.22, P =0.0012) and MDNS (OR 1.27, P =0.0005) were significantly and independently associated with PDPN. In a multivariate regression analysis including as independent variables also sex, age, diabetes type, diabetes duration and Valsalva ratio, 24‐h pain score was significantly related to neuropathy symptom score (P =0.0011), MDNS (P =0.0158), and 10 g monofilament (P =0.018).

Discussion: BMI and sensorimotor deficits were the main determinants of PDPN and, as a novel finding, neuropathic pain intensity was related to the degree of neuropathy deficits. Thus, some peculiarity exists in metabolic correlates of diabetic neuropathic pain compared to insensate neuropathy but painfulness can still coexist with insensitivity.
Subjective awareness of tardive dyskinesia and insight in schizophrenia
Authors: Emsley R. , Niehaus D.J.H. , Oosthuizen P.P. , Koen L. , Chiliza B. , Fincham D.
Published: July 2010

Background

Lack of awareness of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and poor insight into mental illness are common in schizophrenia, raising the possibility that these phenomena are manifestations of a common underlying dysfunction.

Methods

We investigated relationships between low awareness of TD and poor insight into mental illness in 130 patients with schizophrenia and TD. We also examined selected demographic and clinical correlates of these two phenomena.

Results

Sixty-six (51%) patients had no or low awareness of TD and 94 (72%) had at least mild impairment of insight into their mental illness. Low awareness of TD was not significantly correlated with greater impairment of insight into mental illness. Regression analyses indicated that the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) disorganised factor (β= 0.72,t= 11.88,p< 0.01) accounted for 52% of the variance in insight into mental illness (adjustedR2= 0.55) (F[2, 127] = 81.00,p< 0.01) and the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) dyskinesia subscale score (β= 0.47,t= 6.80,p< 0.01), PANSS disorganised factor (β= −0.26,t= −3.73,p< 0.01), and ESRS parkinsonism subscale score (β= 0.31,t= 4.55,p< 0.01) together accounted for 37% of the variance in awareness of TD (adjustedR2= 0.37) (F[3, 126] = 26.87,p< 0.01).

Conclusion

The two phenomena appear to be dissociated, and may be domain-specific.
Effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(108/158)Met polymorphism on antidepressant efficacy of fluvoxamine
Authors: Benedetti F. , Dallaspezia S. , Colombo C. , Lorenzi C. , Pirovano A. , Smeraldi E.
Published: July 2010

Rationale

The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme inactivates catecholamines, and the COMT Val(108/158)Met polymorphism (rs4680) influences the enzyme activity. Recent clinical studies found a significant effect of rs4680 on antidepressant response to fluoxetine and paroxetine, but several other studies were negative. No study considered drug plasma levels as possible nuisance covariate.

Objectives

We studied the effect of rs4680 on response to fluvoxamine antidepressant monotherapy.

Patients and methods

Forty-one consecutively admitted inpatients affected by a major depressive episode in course of major depressive disorder were administered fluvoxamine for 6 weeks. Changes in severity of depression were assessed with weekly Hamilton Depression ratings and analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA in the context of General Linear Model, with rs4680 and fluvoxamine plasma levels as factors.

Results

rs4680 significantly interacted with time in affecting antidepressant response to fluvoxamine, with outcome being inversely proportional to the enzyme activity: better effects in Met-carriers, worse effects in Val/Val homozygotes. The effect became significant at the fourth week of treatment, and influence final response rates. Fluvoxamine plasma levels had marginal effects on outcome.

Conclusions

This is the first study that reports a positive effect of rs4680 on response to fluvoxamine, and the third independent report of its influence on response to selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Our findings support the hypothesis that factors affecting catecholaminergic neurotransmission might contribute to shape the individual response to antidepressants irrespective of their primary molecular target.
“Folie circulaire” vs “Folie à double forme”: Contribution from a French national study
Authors: Azorin J.-M. , Kaladjian A. , Besnier N. , Adida M. , Hantouche E.-G. , Lancrenon S. , Akiskal H.
Published: July 2010

Objective

To check whether the presence or not of free intervals between episodes could help differentiate subtypes of bipolar disorder, as suggested by the seminal controversy between Falret and Baillarger.

Methods

From 1090 bipolar I patients included in a French national study, 981 could be classified as with or without free intervals and assessed for demographic and illness characteristics.

Results

Compared with patients with free intervals (n= 722), those without (n= 259) had an earlier age at onset, more episodes, suicide attempts, cyclothymic and irritable temperaments. The following independent variables were associated with no free intervals: being single or divorced, delay to mood stabilizer treatment, multiple hospitalizations, incongruent psychotic features, panic and generalized anxiety disorder.

Conclusions

“Folie à double forme” (without free intervals) and “folie circulaire” (with free intervals) may actually refer to early and later onset bipolar subtypes, insofar as most differences we found between them were previously evidenced between the latter two. We cannot, however, exclude that they might simply be two separate subtypes, whose main characteristics could be accounted for by different explanatory factors.
V-RISK-10: Validation of a Screen for Risk of Violence After Discharge from Acute Psychiatry
Authors: Roaldset J.O. , Hartvig P. , Bjørkly S.
Published: July 2010

Background

Current violence risk assessment instruments are time-consuming and mainly developed for forensic psychiatry. A paucity of violence screens for acute psychiatry instigated the development and validation of the V-RISK-10. The aim of this prospective naturalistic study was to test the predictive validity of the V-RISK-10 as a screen of violence risk after discharge from two acute psychiatric wards.

Methods

Patients were screened with V-RISK-10 before discharge, and incidents of violence were recorded 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge. A total of 381 of the 1017 patients that were screened completed the follow up.

Results

The ROC-AUC values for any violent behaviour were 0.80 and 0.75 (p < 0.001) for the 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, respectively, and significant for both genders. The most accurate risk estimates were obtained for severe violence. For persons without a known history of violence prior to the screening, AUCs were 0.74 (p = 0.004) and 0.68 (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Results indicate that the V-RISK-10 is a valid and clinically useful screen for violence risk after discharge from acute psychiatry, and even significant for patients without a known previous history of violence.
Stress and depression in Latin American immigrants: The mediating role of religiosity
Authors: Kirchner T. , Patiño C.
Published: July 2010

Objective

Migrating implies a high level of stress that may destabilise immigrants’ mental health. The sense of spiritual fulfilment (feelings of faith, religiosity, and transcendence beyond ordinary material life) can mitigate the stress and benefit mental health. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between migratory stress, religiosity and depression symptoms, as well as the mediating role of religiosity between migratory stress and depression symptoms.

Method

Participants were 295 Latin American immigrants living in Barcelona (Spain), 186 of whom (63.1%) were women and 109 (36.9%) were men. They were recruited from a Spanish NGO by means of a consecutive-case method.

Results

The results showed an inverse relationship between religiosity and depression symptoms, but only in women. Likewise, in women, the sense of spiritual fulfilment had mediating value in buffering the relationship between stress and depression symptoms. This mediating value of spiritual fulfilment was not observed in men. For both genders religiosity was inversely related with stress. In addition, it was observed that the sense of religiosity decreases as the time since immigration passes.

Conclusions

These results may be of importance in clinical practice for prevention and therapeutic intervention with Latin American immigrants. As sense of transcendence and social support from the religious community are intertwined, it is difficult to specifically attribute the observed benefit of religiosity to the former versus the later.
Long-term effects of gestational diabetes on offspring health are more pronounced in skeletal growth than body composition and glucose tolerance
Authors: Zhao Jinping , Weiler Hope A.
Published: July 2010

Infants of diabetic mothers may have low arachidonic acid (AA) and develop obesity and insulin resistance in adulthood. The present study tested the effect of maternal diabetes and AA supplementation on offspring body composition, bone mass and glucose tolerance from 4 to 12 weeks. Rat dams were randomised into six groups using a 3 × 2 design. The rat dams were treated using the following treatments: saline-placebo, streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) with glucose controlled at < 13 mmol/l (STZ/GC) or poorly controlled at 13–20 mmol/l (STZ/PC) using insulin, and fed either a control or an AA (0·5 % of fat) diet throughout reproduction. Weaned offspring were fed regular chow. Measurements included offspring body composition, bone and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) plus liver fatty acids of dam and offspring. Comparable to saline-placebo offspring, the STZ/GC offspring had greater (P < 0·03) whole body and regional bone area than STZ/PC offspring. Maternal glucose negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with offspring whole body bone area and mineral content at 4 weeks in all offspring, and with tibia area in males at 12 weeks. Maternal liver DHA negatively (P < 0·03) correlated with femur and tibia mineral content and tibia mineral density of female offspring at 12 weeks. Offspring from AA-supplemented dams had higher (P = 0·004) liver AA at 4 weeks. Liver AA at 4 weeks positively (P = 0·05) correlated with lumbar spine mineral density in males. OGTT was not affected by maternal treatment or diet. These results suggest that maternal glucose control has long-term consequences to bone health of adult offspring. Skeletal growth appears more sensitive to maternal hyperglycaemia than glucose tolerance.
Does Democracy Reduce Economic Inequality?
Authors: Timmons Jeffrey F.
Published: July 2010

Democracy is frequently framed as a distributional game. Much of the evidence supporting this possibility rests on the World Bank’s 1996 ‘high-quality’ inequality dataset. Using the updated and revised ‘high-quality’ dataset of 2007, this article revisits those results. Using the same country sample, more years and similar specifications to previous studies, as well as a larger country sample with more appropriate statistical models, we find no relationship between democracy/civil liberties and aggregate measures of economic inequality. Whether, and how, democracy decreases economic inequality remains an open question.
On the Influences of Variables on Boolean Functions in Product Spaces
Authors: KELLER NATHAN
Published: July 2010

In this paper we consider the influences of variables on Boolean functions in general product spaces. Unlike the case of functions on the discrete cube, where there is a clear definition of influence, in the general case several definitions have been presented in different papers. We propose a family of definitions for the influence that contains all the known definitions, as well as other natural definitions, as special cases. We show that the proofs of the BKKKL theorem and of other results can be adapted to our new definition. The adaptation leads to generalizations of these theorems, which are tight in terms of the definition of influence used in the assertion.
Deconstructing Proficiency in Motivational Interviewing: Mechanics of Skilful Practitioner Delivery During Brief Simulated Encounters
Authors: Hartzler Bryan , Beadnell Blair , Rosengren David B. , Dunn Chris , Baer John S.
Published: July 2010

Background: Proficient delivery of motivational interviewing (MI) is often determined by global rating of relational elements or cumulative tallies of technical elements. Yet limited empirical evidence exists to clarify how relational and technical elements are associated, or if rates of skill indices and their constituent technical elements vary within a clinical encounter. Aims: This study sought to document temporal variance in rates of MI skill indices and their constituent technical elements during brief clinical encounters with a standardized patient wherein delivery was “MI-proficient”, and to distinguish those temporal patterns from those observed in encounters with “MI-inconsistent” delivery. Method: Data were accessed from a large MI training trial wherein relational and technical elements of MI delivery were scored for 503 recordings of a simulated 20-minute clinical encounter. Notably, independent raters tallied technical elements in 5-minute segments, allowing evaluation of potential variance among the encounter's quartile intervals. Global ratings of MI spirit identified subsets of recordings with MI-proficient (n = 49) and MI-inconsistent (n = 43) delivery for stratified analyses. Results: Analyses contrast temporal trajectories of technical aspects of MI-proficient and MI-inconsistent delivery, with the former characterized by: 1) elicitation and reflective listening as primary opening strategies; 2) increased depth of reflective listening as a predominant strategy in subsequent, focused therapeutic discussion; and 3) increased use of elicitation and information provision in change planning as the encounter approached conclusion. Conclusions: Findings are generally consistent with seminal descriptions of MI (Miller and Rollnick, 1991, 2002), and document temporal aspects of skilful MI delivery in brief encounters.
Industrialization, pollution, and infant mortality
Authors: FEDERMAN MAYA , LEVINE DAVID I.
Published: July 2010

This study examines the effects of growing manufacturing employment on infant mortality across almost 200 Indonesian districts from 1985 to 1995, a time of rapid industrialization. Overall, we find no relationship between growing manufacturing employment in general and infant mortality. However, when the growth in manufacturing is concentrated in more polluting industries (as measured by the construction of a harm-weighted index of predicted emissions from manufacturing), there were economically and statistically significant increases in infant mortality. Finally, we consider a variety of potential causal channels that may change with industrialization (such as housing quality and access to health care) and whose change may help to explain the observed relationships. Although most of the various factors are correlated with infant mortality and the industrialization measures are correlated with changes in several factors, conditioning on these measures does not change our basic results.
A decidable subclass of finitary programs
Authors: BASELICE SABRINA , BONATTI PIERO A.
Published: July 2010

Answer set programming—the most popular problem solving paradigm based on logic programs—has been recently extended to support uninterpreted function symbols (Syrjänen 2001, Bonatti 2004; Simkus and Eiter 2007; Gebseret al. 2007; Baseliceet al. 2009; Calimeriet al. 2008). All of these approaches have some limitation. In this paper we propose a class of programs called FP2 that enjoys a different trade-off between expressiveness and complexity. FP2 is inspired by the extension of finitary normal programs with local variables introduced in (Bonatti 2004, Section 5). FP2 programs enjoy the following unique combination of properties: (i) the ability of expressing predicates with infinite extensions; (ii) full support for predicates with arbitrary arity; (iii) decidability of FP2 membership checking; (iv) decidability of skeptical and credulous stable model reasoning for call-safe queries. Odd cycles are supported by composing FP2 programs with argument restricted programs.
Towards closed world reasoning in dynamic open worlds
Authors: SLOTA MARTIN , LEITE JOÃO
Published: July 2010

The need for integration of ontologies with nonmonotonic rules has been gaining importance in a number of areas, such as the Semantic Web. A number of researchers addressed this problem by proposing a unified semantics forhybrid knowledge basescomposed of both an ontology (expressed in a fragment of first-order logic) and nonmonotonic rules. These semantics have matured over the years, but only provide solutions for the static case when knowledge does not need to evolve.

In this paper we take a first step towards addressing the dynamics of hybrid knowledge bases. We focus on knowledge updates and, considering the state of the art of belief update, ontology update and rule update, we show that current solutions are only partial and difficult to combine. Then we extend the existing work on ABox updates with rules, provide a semantics for such evolving hybrid knowledge bases and study its basic properties.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an update operator is proposed for hybrid knowledge bases.
A declarative semantics for CLP with qualification and proximity
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO MARIO , ROMERO-DÍAZ CARLOS A.
Published: July 2010

Uncertainty in Logic Programming has been investigated during the last decades, dealing with various extensions of the classical LP paradigm and different applications. Existing proposals rely on different approaches, such as clause annotations based on uncertain truth values, qualification values as a generalization of uncertain truth values, and unification based on proximity relations. On the other hand, the CLP scheme has established itself as a powerful extension of LP that supports efficient computation over specialized domains while keeping a clean declarative semantics. In this paper we propose a new scheme SQCLP designed as an extension of CLP that supports qualification values and proximity relations. We show that several previous proposals can be viewed as particular cases of the new scheme, obtained by partial instantiation. We present a declarative semantics for SQCLP that is based on observables, providing fixpoint and proof-theoretical characterizations of least program models as well as an implementation-independent notion of goal solutions.
Logic–based decision support for strategic environmental assessment
Authors: GAVANELLI MARCO , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO , MILANO MICHELA , CAGNOLI PAOLO
Published: July 2010

Strategic Environmental Assessment is a procedure aimed at introducing systematic assessment of the environmental effects of plans and programs. This procedure is based on the so-called coaxial matrices that define dependencies between plan activities (infrastructures, plants, resource extractions, buildings, etc.) and positive and negative environmental impacts, and dependencies between these impacts and environmental receptors. Up to now, this procedure is manually implemented by environmental experts for checking the environmental effects of a given plan or program, but it is never applied during the plan/program construction. A decision support system, based on a clear logic semantics, would be an invaluable tool not only in assessing a single, already defined plan, but also during the planning process in order to produce an optimized, environmentally assessed plan and to study possible alternative scenarios. We propose two logic-based approaches to the problem, one based on Constraint Logic Programming and one on Probabilistic Logic Programming that could be, in the future, conveniently merged to exploit the advantages of both. We test the proposed approaches on a real energy plan and we discuss their limitations and advantages.
Test case generation for object-oriented imperative languages in CLP
Authors: GÓMEZ-ZAMALLOA MIGUEL , ALBERT ELVIRA , PUEBLA GERMÁN
Published: July 2010

Testing is a vital part of the software development process. Test Case Generation (TCG) is the process of automatically generating a collection of test-cases which are applied to a system under test. White-box TCG is usually performed by means of symbolic execution, i.e., instead of executing the program on normal values (e.g., numbers), the program is executed on symbolic values representing arbitrary values. When dealing with an object-oriented (OO) imperative language, symbolic execution becomes challenging as, among other things, it must be able to backtrack, complex heap-allocated data structures should be created during the TCG process and features like inheritance, virtual invocations and exceptions have to be taken into account. Due to its inherent symbolic execution mechanism, we pursue in this paper that Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) has a promising application field in tcg. We will support our claim by developing a fully CLP-based framework to TCG of an OO imperative language, and by assessing it on a corresponding implementation on a set of challenging Java programs.
Applying Prolog to develop distributed systems
Authors: LOPES NUNO P. , NAVARRO JUAN A. , RYBALCHENKO ANDREY , SINGH ATUL
Published: July 2010

Development of distributed systems is a difficult task. Declarative programming techniques hold a promising potential for effectively supporting programmer in this challenge. While Datalog-based languages have been actively explored for programming distributed systems, Prolog received relatively little attention in this application area so far. In this paper we present a Prolog-based programming system, called DAHL, for the declarative development of distributed systems. DAHL extends Prolog with an event-driven control mechanism and built-in networking procedures. Our experimental evaluation using a distributed hash-table data structure, a protocol for achieving Byzantine fault tolerance, and a distributed software model checker—all implemented in DAHL—indicates the viability of the approach.
CLP-based protein fragment assembly
Authors: DAL PALÙ ALESSANDRO , DOVIER AGOSTINO , FOGOLARI FEDERICO , PONTELLI ENRICO
Published: July 2010

The paper investigates a novel approach, based on Constraint Logic Programming (CLP), to predict the 3D conformation of a protein via fragments assembly. The fragments are extracted by a preprocessor—also developed for this work—from a database of known protein structures that clusters and classifies the fragments according to similarity and frequency. The problem of assembling fragments into a complete conformation is mapped to a constraint solving problem and solved using CLP. The constraint-based model uses a medium discretization degree Cα-side chain centroid protein model that offers efficiency and a good approximation for space filling. The approach and adapts existing energy models to the protein representation used and applies a large neighboring search strategy. The results shows the feasibility and efficiency of the method. The declarative nature of the solution allows to include future extensions, e.g., different size fragments for better accuracy.
Altitudinal diversity in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) landraces collected from Himalayan hill region
Authors: Gupta Arun , Bhartiya Anuradha , Singh Gyanendra , Mahajan Vinay , Bhatt J. C.
Published: July 2010

A total of 54 horsegram landraces collected from three altitudinal zones (lower hills, mid hills and higher hills) of Himalayan region were characterized and evaluated for nine quantitative characters. Accessions collected from lower and higher hills were more diverse and differed significantly from mid hills accessions for characters viz., days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height and grain yield per plant. The plotting of first and second principal component axes scores revealed that there was dispersion among the accessions collected from different altitudinal groups. It reveals a less variability among the landraces collected from same altitudinal group but high variability among the landraces collected from different altitudes. This suggests that the horsegram landraces are adapted to specific zone due to different selection pressure practiced by the farmers at different altitudes. Farmers in lower and higher hills select the landraces having high grain yield coupled with less reproductive phase duration and taller in nature.
Emplacement and assembly of shallow intrusions from multiple magma pulses, Henry Mountains, Utah
Authors: Horsman Eric , Morgan Sven , de Saint-Blanquat Michel , Habert Guillaume , Nugent Andrew , Hunter Robert A. , Tikoff Basil
Published: July 2010

This paper describes three mid-Tertiary intrusions from the Henry Mountains (Utah, USA) that were assembled from amalgamation of multiple horizontal sheet-like magma pulses in the absence of regional deformation. The three-dimensional intrusion geometries are exceptionally well preserved and include: (1) a highly lobate sill; (2) a laccolith; and (3) a bysmalith (a cylindrical, fault-bounded, piston-like laccolith). Individual intrusive sheets are recognised on the margins of the bodies by stacked lobate contacts, and within the intrusions by both intercalated sedimentary wallrock and formation of solid-state fabrics. Finally, conduits feeding these intrusions were mostly sub-horizontal and pipe-like, as determined by both direct observation and modelling of geophysical data.

%The intrusion geometries, in aggregate, are interpreted to reflect the time evolution of an idealised upper crustal pluton. These intrusions initiate as sills, evolve into laccoliths, and eventually become piston-like bysmaliths. The emplacement of multiple magma sheets was rapid and pulsed; the largest intrusion was assembled in less than 100 years. The magmatic fabrics are interpreted as recording the internal flow of the sheets preserved by fast cooling rates in the upper crust. Because there are multiple magma sheets, fabrics may vary vertically as different sheets are traversed. These bodies provide unambiguous evidence that some intrusions are emplaced in multiple pulses, and that igneous assembly can be highly heterogeneous in both space and time. The features diagnostic of pulsed assembly observed in these small intrusions can be easily destroyed in larger plutons, particularly in tectonically active regions.
Zoning and resorption of plagioclase in a layered gabbro, as a petrographic indicator of magmatic differentiation
Authors: Hoshide Takashi , Obata Masaaki
Published: July 2010

The Murotomisaki Gabbroic Intrusion is a sill-like layered gabbro emplaced in sedimentary strata of Tertiary age in southwest Japan. The zoning (including resorption structures) and the compositional variations of plagioclase from throughout the intrusion were studied, and it was found that the zoning pattern may be classified into four types, which may well correlated with the hosting rock types, the mode of occurrences and their stratigraphic positions in the intrusion. The plagioclase zoning was successfully decoded, and the sequence of events that took place during the magmatic differentiation was deduced and further interpreted in the context of a stratified basal boundary layer slowly ascending in a solidifying magma body. It was shown that various layered structures – modal layering, podiform gabbroic pegmatites and anorthositic layers – observed in the Murotomisaki Gabbro were formed within the moving basal boundary layer by flushing of H2O-rich fluid and fractionated silicate melts from below. By the fluxing of hydrous fluids, plagioclase crystals preferentially dissolved and then melt fraction increased in the basal boundary layer. Under these circumstances, plagioclase-rich fractionated melts diapirically segregated from the crystal pile. Calcic plagioclases, which are out of equilibrium in the central part of the intrusion, may have originated from the basal boundary layer in this manner.
The sanukitoid series: magmatism at the Archaean–Proterozoic transition
Authors: Martin Hervé , Moyen Jean-François , Rapp Robert
Published: July 2010

A specific type of granitoid, referred to as sanukitoid (Shirey & Hanson 1984), was emplaced mainly across the Archaean–Proterozoic transition. The major and trace element composition of sanukitoids is intermediate between typical Archaean TTG and modern arc granitoids. However, among sanukitoids, two groups can be distinguished on the basis of the Ti content of the less differentiated rocks of the suite: high- and low-Ti sanukitoids. Melting experiments and petrogenetic modelling show that they may have formed by either (1) melting of mantle peridotite previously metasomatised by felsic melts of TTG composition, or (2) by reaction between TTG melts and mantle peridotite (assimilation). Rocks of the sanukitoid suite were emplaced at the Archaean–Proterozoic boundary, possibly marking the time when TTG-dominated granitoid magmatism changed to a more modern-style, arc-dominated magmatism. Consequently, the intermediate character of sanukitoids is not only compositional but chronological. The succession of granitoid magmatism with time is integrated in a plate tectonic model where it is linked to the thermal evolution of subduction zones, reflecting the progressive cooling of Earth: (1) the Archaean Earth’s heat production was high enough to allow the production of large amounts of TTG granitoids formed by partial melting of recycled basaltic crust (‘slab melting’); (2) at the end of the Archaean, due to the progressive cooling of the Earth, the extent of slab melting was reduced, resulting in lower melt:rock ratios. In such conditions the slab melts can be strongly contaminated by assimilation of mantle peridotite, thus giving rise to low-Ti sanukitoids. It is also possible that the slab melts were totally consumed in reactions with mantle peridotite, subsequent melting of this ‘melt-metasomatised mantle’ producing the high-Ti sanukitoid magmas; (3) after 2·5 Ga, Earth heat production was too low to allow slab melting, except in relatively rare geodynamic circumstances, and most modern arc magmas are produced by melting of the mantle wedge peridotite metasomatised by fluids from dehydration of the subducted slab. Of course, such changes did not take place exactly at the same time all over the world. The Archaean mechanisms coexisted with new processes over a relatively long time period, even if they were subordinate to the more modern processes.
The geochemistry of Archaean plagioclase-rich granites as a marker of source enrichment and depth of melting
Authors: Moyen J.-F. , Champion D. , Smithies R. H.
Published: July 2010

In geochemical diagrams, granitoids define ‘trends’ that reflect increasing differentiation or melting degree. The position of an individual sample in such a trend, whilst linked to the temperature of equilibration, is difficult to interpret. On the other hand, the positions of the trends within the geochemical space (and not the position of a sample within a trend) carry important genetic information, as they reflect the nature of the source (degree of enrichment) and the depth of melting. This paper discusses the interpretation of geochemical trends, to extract information relating to the sources of granitoid magmas and the depth of melting.

%Applying this approach to mid-Archaean granitoids from both the Barberton granite–greenstone terrane (South Africa) and the Pilbara Craton (Australia) reveals two features. The first is the diversity of the group generally referred to as ‘TTGs’ (tonalites, trondhjemites and granodiorites). These appear to be composed of at least three distinct sub-series, one resulting from deep melting of relatively depleted sources, the second from shallower melting of depleted sources, and the third from shallow melting of enriched sources. The second feature is the contrast between the (spatial as well as temporal) distributions and associations of the granites in both cratons.
The evolution of late-Hercynian granites and rhyolites documented by quartz – a review
Authors: Müller Axel , van den Kerkhof Alfons M. , Behr Hans-Jürgen , Kronz Andreas , Koch-Müller Monika
Published: July 2010

The potential of igneous quartz for providing a better understanding of magmatic processes is demonstrated by studying late-Hercynian rhyolites and granites from central and western Europe. Cathodoluminescence (CL) reveals growth patterns and alteration structures within igneous quartz reflecting the magma crystallisation history. The relatively stable and blue-dominant CL of zoned phenocrysts is principally related to variations in the Ti concentration, which is a function of the crystallisation temperature. The Al/Ti ratio of igneous quartz increases with progressive magma differentiation, as Ti is more compatible, compared to Al, Li, K, Ge, B, Fe, P during magma evolution. The red-dominant CL of the anhedral groundmass quartz in granite is unstable during electron bombardment and associated with OH- and H2O-bearing lattice defects. Thus, CL properties of quartz are different for rocks formed from H2O-poor and H2O-rich melts. Both groundmass and phenocrysts in granites are rich in alteration structures as a result of interaction with deuteric fluids during cooling, whereas phenocrysts in extrusive rocks do not usually contain such structures. The combined study of trace elements along with the analysis of quartz textures and melt inclusion inventories may reveal detailed PTX-paths of granite magmas. This study shows that quartz is a sensitive indicator for physico-chemical changes during the evolution of silicarich magmas. Common growth textures show a wide variety in quartz phenocrysts in rhyolites and some granites. This paper presents a classification of textures, which formed as a result of heterogeneous intra-granular lattice defects and impurities. The alternation of growth and resorption microtextures reflects stepwise adiabatic and non-adiabatic magma ascent, temporary storage of magma in reservoirs and mixing with more mafic, hotter magma. The anhedral groundmass quartz overgrowing early-magmatic phenocrysts in granites is free of growth zoning.
Crustal melt granites and migmatites along the Himalaya: melt source, segregation, transport and granite emplacement mechanisms
Authors: Searle M. P. , Cottle J. M. , Streule M. J. , Waters D. J.
Published: July 2010

India–Asia collision resulted in crustal thickening and shortening, metamorphism and partial melting along the 2200 km-long Himalayan range. In the core of the Greater Himalaya, widespread in situ partial melting in sillimanite+K-feldspar gneisses resulted in formation of migmatites and Ms+Bt+Grt+Tur±Crd±Sil leucogranites, mainly by muscovite dehydration melting. Melting occurred at shallow depths (4–6 kbar; 15–20 km depth) in the middle crust, but not in the lower crust. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of leucogranites are very high (0·74–0·79) and heterogeneous, indicating a 100 crustal protolith. Melts were sourced from fertile muscovite-bearing pelites and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses of the Neo-Proterozoic Haimanta–Cheka Formations. Melting was induced through a combination of thermal relaxation due to crustal thickening and from high internal heat production rates within the Proterozoic source rocks in the middle crust. Himalayan granites have highly radiogenic Pb isotopes and extremely high uranium concentrations. Little or no heat was derived either from the mantle or from shear heating along thrust faults. Mid-crustal melting triggered southward ductile extrusion (channel flow) of a mid-crustal layer bounded by a crustal-scale thrust fault and shear zone (Main Central Thrust; MCT) along the base, and a low-angle ductile shear zone and normal fault (South Tibetan Detachment; STD) along the top. Multi-system thermochronology (U–Pb, Sm–Nd, 40Ar–39Ar and fission track dating) show that partial melting spanned ̃24–15 Ma and triggered mid-crustal flow between the simultaneously active shear zones of the MCT and STD. Granite melting was restricted in both time (Early Miocene) and space (middle crust) along the entire length of the Himalaya. Melts were channelled up via hydraulic fracturing into sheeted sill complexes from the underthrust Indian plate source beneath southern Tibet, and intruded for up to 100 km parallel to the foliation in the host sillimanite gneisses. Crystallisation of the leucogranites was immediately followed by rapid exhumation, cooling and enhanced erosion during the Early–Middle Miocene.
Internetbasierte Förderung der Tabakabstinenz in der Rehabilitation
Authors: Haug Severin , Meyer Christian , Groß Beatrice , Ulbricht Sabina , Bauer Stephanie , John Ulrich
Published: July 2010

Hintergrund: Tabakentwöhnungsangebote in der stationären Rehabilitation werden von vielen Rauchern nicht in Anspruch genommen. Auch die Aufrechterhaltung der Abstinenz nach Klinikentlassung gelingt oft nicht. Methodik: Das niedrigschwellige Internetprogramm «rauchberatung.de» bietet während und nach dem Reha-Aufenthalt wiederholte individuelle Beratung durch ein Expertensystem, Informationsseiten und ein Forum. Das Konzept des Programms wird vorgestellt und die Teilnahmebereitschaft am Programm wurde überprüft. Ergebnisse: Von 2335 konsekutiv befragten Patienten in zwei Reha-Kliniken rauchten 712 (30 %); 240 (34 %) der rauchenden Patienten nutzten regelmäßig das Internet. Von diesen nahmen 166 (69 %) am Programm rauchberatung.de teil. Schlussfolgerung: Unter den Internetnutzern nimmt ein vergleichsweise hoher Prozentsatz der Raucher am Programm rauchberatung.de teil.
Empirisch überprüfte Frühfördermethoden bei autistischen Störungen
Authors: Freitag Christine M.
Published: July 2010

Autistische Störungen (AS) zeichnen sich durch Einschränkungen in den drei Bereichen soziale Interaktion, Kommunikation und Sprache sowie durch stereotypes Verhalten und Sonderinteressen aus. Im Rahmen der Frühförderung bei AS geht es um eine umfassende Förderung der gemeinsamen Aufmerksamkeit, des Spielverhaltens, der Sprachentwicklung sowie insbesondere der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation. Es existieren unterschiedliche, empirisch relativ gut überprüfte, verhaltenstherapeutische Ansätze und Therapieprogramme, die in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst sind. Dabei wird besonderer Wert auf die wissenschaftliche Evidenz der jeweiligen Ansätze gelegt.