bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydro-Elastic Analysis of a Floating Bridge in Waves Considering the Effect of the Hydrodynamic Coupling and the Shore Sides
Authors: Deng Shi , Fu Shixiao , Moan Torgeir , Wei Wei , Gao Zhen
Published: September 2018

A new numerical method, which is based on three-dimensional (3D) potential flow theory and finite element method (FEM), is used to predict the wave-induced hydroelastic responses of flexible floating bridges. The floating bridge is discretized into several modules based on the positions of the pontoons which are connected by elastic beams. The motion equations of the entire floating structure are established according to the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) motions of each rigid module coupled with the dynamics of the elastic beams. The hydrodynamics loads on each module are considered as external loads and simultaneously applied. The method is extended to take into account the shore side effect, which is obtained from the 3D potential flow theory and considered as a hydrodynamic boundary condition. The effects of inclination of shore side on the responses of the bending moment, horizontal and vertical displacements of the pontoon and their distribution along the bridge are investigated. The results show that the displacement response increase with an increasing steepness of the shore side.
Investigation on the Probabilistic Distribution of the Stress Range of Net Cage Floater of Fish Cage for Fatigue Life Prediction
Authors: Bai Xiao-Dong , Zhao Yun-Peng , Dong Guo-Hai , Bi Chun-Wei
Published: September 2018

The failure risk of fish cages has increased in the harsher environmental conditions as fish farms have moved into the open sea in recent years. Fatigue failure is an important limit state for the floating system of the fish cage under the long-term action of waves. This study is presented to investigate the applicable probability density function for estimating fatigue life of the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floating collars. The stress response of the floating collars system in random wave is firstly analyzed based on the finite element analysis combined with a hydrodynamic model. The stress histories of floating collars under each sea state are counted using the rainflow method as a benchmark for fatigue frequency domain analysis. The distribution of stress range was fitted by various probability density functions including Rayleigh, Weibull, Gamma and generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. Comparisons of the estimated fatigue life using different distributions with rainflow statistic results were performed. Results indicate fatigue estimation based on the GEV and Gamma distributions by removing the negligible low stress range give much more accurate fatigue damage results of the short-term stress range distribution. While Weibull distribution overestimates the fatigue lifetime of the floating collar based on the short-term distribution of stress ranges.
3D DEM Study on the Effect of Ridge Keel Width on Rubble Resistance on Ships
Authors: Gong Hanyang , Polojärvi Arttu , Tuhkuri Jukka
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we use 3D discrete element method (DEM) to simulate ship penetration through a non-cohesive rubble pile presenting a ridge keel. We study the effect of the pile width on the rubble resistance and the relation between the resistance records and rubble deformation. The peak rubble resistance increases with the rubble pile width, but the rate of the increase is not constant. The peak rubble resistance values from the simulations with the widest rubble piles are compared to the ones yielded by the analytical models with success.
Thermal atomic layer etching of HfO2 using HF for fluorination and TiCl4 for ligand-exchange
Authors: Lee Younghee , George Steven M.
Published: September 2018

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) can be accomplished using sequential fluorination and ligand-exchange reactions. HF has been a typical fluorination reactant. Various metal reactants have been used for ligand-exchange, such as Sn(acac)2, Al(CH3)3, AlCl(CH3)2, and SiCl4. This study explored TiCl4 as a new metal chloride reactant for ligand-exchange. Thermal HfO2 ALE using HF and TiCl4 as the reactants was studied using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements from 200 to 300 °C. The HfO2 films were etched linearly versus the number of HF and TiCl4 reaction cycles. The sequential HF and TiCl4 reactions were also self-limiting versus reactant exposure. The QCM studies observed a mass change per cycle (MCPC) of −10.2 ng/(cm2 cycle) at 200 °C and −56.4 ng/(cm2 cycle) at 300 °C. These MCPCs correspond to HfO2 etch rates of 0.11 Å/cycle at 200 °C and 0.59 Å/cycle at 300 °C. To explore the selectivity of thermal ALE using HF and TiCl4 as the reactants, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements were also employed to survey the etching of various materials. The SE results revealed that HfO2 and ZrO2 were etched by HF and TiCl4. In contrast, Al2O3, SiO2, Si3N4, and TiN were not etched by HF and TiCl4. The etching selectivity can be explained by the reaction thermochemistry and the stability and volatility of the possible etch products. Al2O3 can also serve as an etch stop for HfO2 ALE.
Toward a Common Understanding of Diet–Exercise Strategies to Manipulate Fuel Availability for Training and Competition Preparation in Endurance Sport
Authors: Burke Louise M. , Hawley John A. , Jeukendrup Asker , Morton James P. , Stellingwerff Trent , Maughan Ronald J.
Published: September 2018

From the breakthrough studies of dietary carbohydrate and exercise capacity in the 1960s through to the more recent studies of cellular signaling and the adaptive response to exercise in muscle, it has become apparent that manipulations of dietary fat and carbohydrate within training phases, or in the immediate preparation for competition, can profoundly alter the availability and utilization of these major fuels and, subsequently, the performance of endurance sport (events >30 min up to ∼24 hr). A variety of terms have emerged to describe new or nuanced versions of such exercise–diet strategies (e.g., train low, train high, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, periodized carbohydrate diet). However, the nonuniform meanings of these terms have caused confusion and miscommunication, both in the popular press and among the scientific community. Sports scientists will continue to hold different views on optimal protocols of fuel support for training and competition in different endurance events. However, to promote collaboration and shared discussions, a commonly accepted and consistent terminology will help to strengthen hypotheses and experimental/experiential data around various strategies. We propose a series of definitions and explanations as a starting point for a more unified dialogue around acute and chronic manipulations of fat and carbohydrate in the athlete’s diet, noting philosophies of approaches rather than a single/definitive macronutrient prescription. We also summarize some of the key questions that need to be tackled to help produce greater insight into this exciting area of sports nutrition research and practice.
MerTK signaling in macrophages promotes the synthesis of inflammation resolution mediators by suppressing CaMKII activity
Authors: Cai Bishuang , Kasikara Canan , Doran Amanda C. , Ramakrishnan Rajasekhar , Birge Raymond B. , Tabas Ira
Published: September 2018

Signaling by the receptor MerTK in macrophages promotes ERK activation and the resolution of inflammation.
Substrate binding allosterically relieves autoinhibition of the pseudokinase TRIB1
Authors: Jamieson Sam A. , Ruan Zheng , Burgess Abigail E. , Curry Jack R. , McMillan Hamish D. , Brewster Jodi L. , Dunbier Anita K. , Axtman Alison D. , Kannan Natarajan , Mace Peter D.
Published: September 2018

Allosteric regulation of the pseudokinase TRIB1 reveals the therapeutic potential of kinase inhibitors.
Human MX2/MxB: a Potent Interferon-Induced Postentry Inhibitor of Herpesviruses and HIV-1
Authors: Staeheli Peter , Haller Otto
Published: September 2018

Interferons limit viral replication by inducing intracellular restriction factors, such as the GTPase MxB (also designated MX2), which inhibits HIV-1 and, as recently shown, herpesviruses. Inhibition of these viruses occurs at ill-defined steps after viral entry and requires formation of MxB dimers or oligomers, but GTP hydrolysis is needed only for blocking herpesviruses.
State of the science: the doll is dead: simulation in palliative care education
Authors: Evans Lowri , Taubert Mark
Published: September 2018

Objectives

Both simulation and high-fidelity simulation involving manikins, clinical training suites, wards, computer programs and theatres have established themselves in medical undergraduate and postgraduate education. Popular among students, they have been shown to be effective learning tools. Contrasted with this is the potential risk to patients and their proxy associated with learning ‘at the bedside’, which can pose a real challenge in medical and palliative settings. The need for education and training methods that do not expose the patient to preventable communication blunders from less experienced practitioners is a priority.

Methods

Here, we provide a summary review on the current literature and evidence for simulation and high-fidelity simulation in palliative and end-of-life care settings, and discuss potential uses of technologies including virtual and augmented reality in future training.

Results

The most common form of simulation in palliative medicine is often an actor-based role-play scenario with particular emphasis on communication skills. This is expensive and time-consuming to set up. Less evidence was found on the use of high-fidelity simulation in end-of-life care teaching.

Conclusion

Palliative medicine has been slow to adapt to an educational method and environment that now is widely used across other areas of healthcare. There has been less emphasis on training with manikins and even less on using computer simulation and virtual reality environments to recreate challenging end-of-life care scenarios. We provide some examples of where this could benefit the curriculum.
Conscientious objection to referrals
Authors: Finegan Thomas
Published: September 2018

Christopher Cowley1has recently put forward three arguments against the legal accommodation of a general practitioner’s conscientious objection (CO) to abortion referrals.iHe claims that the adoption of these arguments does not undermine a more general right to CO to involvement in abortion. I argue that Cowley is seriously mistaken. His three arguments, especially the second and third, proceed on a path directed towards the outright rejection of a right to CO in healthcare contexts. A common problem with Cowley’s three arguments is that they overlook the peremptory significance for CO analysis of both the internal, deliberating perspective of those with a CO and the good of moral integrity. This paper supports the view that either there are strong prima facie grounds for holding that a right to CO extends in principle to the issue of referrals or the claim of a general right to CO is easily assailable.
Taphonomy of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) pellets from the Chafarinas islands (Spain)
Authors: Guillaud Emilie , Morales-Muñiz Arturo , Roselló-Izquierdo Eufrasia , Béarez Philippe
Published: September 2018

Fish are consumed by many predators in addition to humans. Identifying the agent responsible for an archaeological fish bone accumulation is a crucial yet far from straightforward task in the absence of diagnostic criteria. It is for this reason that exploring the features of fish bone collections produced by animals constitutes a key issue of archaeozoological research. In this paper, one such study is presented for the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis J.F. Naumann, 1840). A total of 48 pellets were collected in a colony of the species on two islands of the Chafarinas archipelago (Mediterranean Sea). The analyses demonstrate that fish remains, represented by 13 species and 1 genus, made up 93% of the 2789 identified remains. Most assemblages were dominated by the European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)). Our study indicates that digestive processes modify skeletal elements through abrasion and fragmentation. Based on the modifications that were recorded, a set of diagnostic criteria is proposed to serve as proxies for spotting fish bone deposits produced by Yellow-legged Gulls on archaeological assemblages.
The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review
Authors: Rytwinski Trina , Taylor Jessica J. , Donaldson Lisa A. , Britton J. Robert , Browne David R. , Gresswell Robert E. , Lintermans Mark , Prior Kent A. , Pellatt Marlow G. , Vis Chantal , Cooke Steven J.
Published: September 2018

In aquatic systems, biological invasions can result in adverse ecological effects. Management techniques available for non-native fish removal programs (including eradication and population size control) vary widely, but include chemicals, harvest regimes, physical removal, or biological control. For management agencies, deciding on what non-native fish removal program to use has been challenging because there is little reliable information about the relative effectiveness of these measures in controlling or eradicating non-native fish. We conducted a systematic review, including a critical appraisal of study validity, to assess the effectiveness of different non-native fish removal methods and to identify the factors that influence the overall success rate of each type of method. We found 95 relevant studies, generating 158 data sets. The evidence base was dominated by poorly documented studies with inadequate experimental designs (76% of removal projects). When the management goal was non-native fish eradication, chemical treatments were relatively successful (antimycin 89%; rotenone 75%) compared with other interventions. Electrofishing and passive removal measure studies indicated successful eradication was possible (58% each) but required intensive effort and multiple treatments over a number of years. Of these studies with sufficient information, electrofishing had the highest success for population size control (56% of data sets). Overall, inadequate data quality and completeness severely limited our ability to make strong conclusions about the relationships between non-native fish abundance and different methods of eradication and population control and the factors influencing the overall success rate of each method. Our review highlights that there is considerable scope for improving our evaluations of non-native fish removal methods. It is recommended that programs should have explicitly stated objectives, better data reporting, and study designs that (when possible and appropriate) incorporate replicated and controlled investigations with rigorous, long-term quantitative monitoring. Future research on the effectiveness of non-native fish removal methods should focus on: (i) the efficacy of existing or potentially new removal measures in larger, more complex environments; (ii) a broader range of removal measures in general; and (iii) phenotypic characteristics of individual fish within a population that fail to be eradicated or controlled.
Linear stability and stability of syzygy bundles
Authors: Castorena Abel , Torres-López H.
Published: September 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a smooth irreducible projective curve and let [Formula: see text] be a complete and generated linear series on [Formula: see text]. Denote by [Formula: see text] the kernel of the evaluation map [Formula: see text]. The exact sequence [Formula: see text] fits into a commutative diagram that we call the Butler’s diagram. This diagram induces in a natural way a multiplication map on global sections [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a subspace and [Formula: see text] is the dual of a subbundle [Formula: see text]. When the subbundle [Formula: see text] is a stable bundle, we show that the map [Formula: see text] is surjective. When [Formula: see text] is a Brill–Noether general curve, we use the surjectivity of [Formula: see text] to give another proof of the semistability of [Formula: see text], moreover, we fill up a gap in some incomplete argument by Butler: With the surjectivity of [Formula: see text] we give conditions to determine the stability of [Formula: see text], and such conditions imply the well-known stability conditions for [Formula: see text] stated precisely by Butler. Finally we obtain the equivalence between the (semi)stability of [Formula: see text] and the linear (semi)stability of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text]-gonal curves.
Scale-dependent Hayward black hole and the generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Contreras E. , Bargueño P.
Published: September 2018

In this work, we present a technique to obtain bounds on the generalized uncertainty principle deformation parameter by using an improved Schwarzschild solution represented by the Hayward metric in the context of scale-dependent gravity. Specifically, this deformation parameter can be interpreted in terms of a running parameter which controls the deviation from the standard Einstein–Hilbert action in the scale-dependent scenario.
de Sitter geodesics in stereographic charts
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I.
Published: September 2018

It is shown that the stereographic coordinates on the (1 + 3)-dimensional de Sitter spacetime induce artificial singularities without physical motivation in the parametric equations of all the null or time-like geodesics on this manifold.
Properties of perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories
Authors: Mironov S. , Volkova V.
Published: September 2018

We study whether the approach of Deffayet et al. (DPSV) can be adopted for obtaining a derivative part of quadratic action for scalar perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories about homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds. We find that even though the method does remove the second and higher derivatives of metric perturbations from the linearized Galileon equation, in the same manner as in the general Horndeski theory, it gives incorrect result for the quadratic action. We analyze the reasons behind this property and suggest the way of modifying the approach, so that it gives valid results.
Current-induced reordering phase transitions of vortex matter in 3D-layered superconductors
Authors: Nie Qingmiao , Li Haibin
Published: September 2018

Nonequilibrium phase transitions of vortex matter with a strong random pinning potential in layered superconductors are investigated by the three-dimensional frustrated anisotropic XY model and resistively-shunted junction dynamics at low, middle and high-temperatures, respectively. It is found that a disorder to order phase transition driven by an external current can be obtained at a low-temperature, however, a reordering configuration does not occur at a high-temperature. With the competition between thermal noise, disorder pins and current, the vortex matter can even show the reordering process twice at an intermediate temperature, giving a clear evidence of dc driven vortex lattice reorganization.
Structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Cubic NaNbO3 crystals under pressure
Authors: Xu Yong-Qiang , Wu Shao-Yi , Wu Li-Na , Ding Chang-Chun , Zhang Li-Juan
Published: September 2018

The structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of cubic NaNbO3 (c-NNO) crystals in the pressure range 0–20 GPa are studied using first-principles VASP code. The influences of pressure on lattice constants, unit cell volume, elastic constants, elastic modulus, elastic anisotropy, sound velocities, elastic wave velocities, Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameters are discussed. Electronic structure calculations show that c-NNO is a wide indirect bandgap semiconductor. The band structures are similar for different pressures, except that conduction band shifts toward higher energy with increasing pressure. The distributions of density of states reveal typically covalent Nb–O bonding with strong hybridizations and significantly ionic Na–O ones. The dielectric function and linear optical properties are calculated with HSE06 scheme, and the pressure effects of the optical properties are also investigated. The optical spectra of c-NNO exhibit similar shapes for distinct pressures and blueshifts with the increase of pressure. The phonon dynamical properties are also investigated from the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), and the calculated phonon spectra exhibit some imaginary frequencies, which reflect the negative phonon modes and hence the dynamical instability of the system.
Parameter Space Exploration for Analog Circuit Design Using Enhanced Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Patel Subhash , Thakker Rajesh A.
Published: September 2018

In this work, novel swarm optimization algorithm based on the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm called Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony (EABC) algorithm is proposed for the design and optimization of the analog CMOS circuits. The new search strategies adopted improve overall performance of the proposed algorithm. The performance of EABC algorithm is compared with other competitive algorithms such as ABC, GABC (G-best Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm) and MABC (Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm) by designing three CMOS circuits; Two-stage operational amplifier, low-voltage bulk driven OTA and second generation low-voltage current conveyor in 0.13 [Formula: see text]m and 0.09[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technologies. The obtained results clearly indicate that the performance of EABC algorithm is better than other mentioned algorithms and it can be an effective approach for the automatic design of the analog CMOS circuits.
Refactoring UML Models of Object-Oriented Software: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sidhu Brahmaleen K. , Singh Kawaljeet , Sharma Neeraj
Published: September 2018

Model refactoring enhances the platform-independent design models of software aiming at smoother impact of requirement changes, thereby improving the design quality and assisting in their evolution and maintenance. This study reports a systematic literature review of refactoring techniques particularly in the domain of models of object-oriented software systems. The study used the standard systematic literature review method based on a comprehensive set of 58 articles from a total of 1200 articles published in leading journals, premier conferences, workshops and books. The primary studies were thoroughly analyzed on various aspects of model refactoring process. Identification of methodologies and classification on the basis of model transformation systems, refactoring operations and their application, model behavior specification and preservation, model quality expression, model consistency management and automation of process is reported. This study shows that inadequate model-based approaches for behavior preservation, synchronized model enhancement and empirical evaluation of the proposed refactoring techniques are major obstacles in fully automated model refactoring process.
Weighted Bayesian Runtime Monitor: A Novel QoS Monitoring Approach Sensitive to Environmental Factors
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Jin Huiying , Zhuang Yuan , Leung Hareton , Song Wei , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2018

How to assure Quality of Service (QoS) of the third-party services is very important for the SOA. Effective monitoring technique towards QoS, which is an important measurement for third-party service quality, is necessary to ensure quality of Web service. Current monitoring approaches do not consider the influences of environment factors such as the position of server, user usage, and the load at runtime. Ignoring these influences, which do exist among the monitoring process, may cause existing monitoring approaches producing unpredictable monitoring results. In order to overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel Web Service QoS (WS-Qos) monitoring approach sensitive to environmental factors called weighted Bayesian Runtime Monitor (wBSRM) based on weighted naïve Bayesian classifiers and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm. wBSRM constructs weighted naïve Bayesian classifier by learning a part of samples to classify the monitoring results. The results meeting QoS standard are classified as [Formula: see text] and the one that does not meet is classified as [Formula: see text]. Classifier can also output ratio between posterior probability of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and consequently the analysis can lead to three monitoring results including [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or inconclusive. A set of dedicated experiments are conducted to validate wBSRM. The experiments are based on a public dataset and a simulated dataset under the given standard. The experimental results demonstrate that wBSRM is better than previous approaches.
Software Evolution Rules with Condition Constrains to Support Component Type Matching Based on Bigraph
Authors: Lu Chao-Ze , Zeng Guo-Sun , Liu Wen-Juan
Published: September 2018

With the gradual maturity of component oriented software development method, component-based software evolution technology has become hot research in academia and industry. Although many evolution rules are designed, they rarely consider component type-mismatched problem in evolution rules. This has led to evolution rules that often run error in software evolution execution. Hence, focusing on the mismatch problem of component type in software evolution, this paper addresses various evolution rules with condition constrains to support component type matching. First, we use the bigraph theory to model the software architecture and employ bigraph term language to describe the basic component evolution operations. Second, we join type system into the term language and use the type term language to express the condition constraints on position and connection for component evolution rules. These condition constraints can guarantee the type-matched among components that participate in software evolution. Furthermore, we show that the component type-matched still kept during a number of different evolution rules are used in the whole software evolution reaction system. Finally, two cases study of evolution progress of ATM system and tourism information system are presented. Two cases illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Exploring the Impact of Code Smells on Fine-Grained Structural Change-Proneness
Authors: Liu Huihui , Li Bixin , Yang Yibiao , Ma Wanwangying , Jia Ru
Published: September 2018

Code smells are used to describe the bad structures in the source code, which could hinder software maintainability, understandability and changeability. Nowadays, scholars mainly focus on the impact of smell on textual change-proneness. However, in comparison to textual changes, structural changes could better reveal the change nature. In practice, not all code change types are equally important in terms of change risk severity levels, and software developers are more interested in particular changes relevant to their current tasks. Therefore, we investigate the relationship between smells and fine-grained structural change-proneness to solve these issues. Our experiment was conducted on 11 typical open source projects. We first employed Fishers exact test and Mann–Whitney test to explore whether smelly files (affected by at least one smell type) had higher structural change-proneness than other files, and whether files with more smell instances are more likely to undergo structural changes, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to study the relation between each kind of smell and change-proneness with respect to five change categories. Our results showed that: (1) in most cases, smelly files were more prone to structural changes and files with more smell instances tend to undergo higher structural changes; (2) quite a few smell types were related to structural change-proneness, particularly, Refused Parent Bequest (RPB), Message Chains (MCH), Divergent Change (DIVC), Feature Envy (FE) and Shotgun Surgery (SS) increased structural changes for some change categories. However, when controlling the file size Lines of Code (LOC), significant change-proneness of some smells disappeared or the magnitude of significance decreased more or less.
ALONG THE EVOLUTION PROCESS KLEIBER'S 3/4 LAW MAKES WAY FOR RUBNER'S SURFACE LAW: A FRACTAL APPROACH
Authors: LI XIAO-XIA , HE JI-HUAN
Published: September 2018

Rubner 1880 surface law reveals that the basal metabolic rate scales with body mass raised to the power of 2/3, which is geometrically correct and biologically relevant. However, Kleiber 1932 scaling law experimentally found that the scaling index was 3/4 instead of 2/3. There is no theory that can explain the Kleiber's data, explanations in Science in 1997 and later in Nature in 2002 for 3/4 scaling law for all life were apparently wrong. Here we show that Rubner's surface law was approximately correct, and it requires modification due to the fact that a cell is porous. Using fractal theory, the scaling index is about 0.7, 0.73, and 0.83, respectively, for inactive, active and motion statuses, and Kleiber's exponent can be fully explained by Rubner's law.
Two Person Zero-Sum Game with Two Sets of Strategic Variables
Authors: Satoh Atsuhiro , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: September 2018

We consider a two-person zero-sum game with two sets of strategic variables which are related by invertible functions. They are denoted by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for players A and B. The payoff function of Player A is [Formula: see text]. Then, the payoff function of Player B is [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is upper semi-continuous and quasi-concave on [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] (or each [Formula: see text]), upper semi-continuous and quasi-concave on [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] (or each [Formula: see text]), lower semi-continuous and quasi-convex on [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] (or each [Formula: see text], and lower semi-continuous and quasi-convex on [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] (or each [Formula: see text]).

We will show that the following four patterns of competition are equivalent, that is, they yield the same outcome.

(1) Players A and B choose [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (competition by [Formula: see text]).

(2) Players A and B choose [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (competition by [Formula: see text]).

(3) Players A and B choose [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (competition by [Formula: see text]).

(4) Players A and B choose [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (competition by [Formula: see text]).
A Comparative Study of Cantilever- and Integral-Type Dead Loads on the Seismic Responses of High Arch Dams
Authors: Guo Shengshan , Liang Hui , Li Deyu , Chen Houqun , Liao Jianxin
Published: September 2018

The actual dead load of an arch dam should be applied gradually through staged construction and sequenced grouting. However, the cantilever- and integral-type dead loads commonly used in the analysis of arch dams represent simplified versions of the actual loading. In this paper, these two types of dead loads, i.e. cantilever and integral types, are presented based on the Lagrange multiplier method considering the nonlinear behaviors of contraction joints. Based on the finite element method and an appropriate contact model together with artificial viscoelastic boundary conditions, a dynamic analysis model of a dam–foundation–reservoir system is established in consideration of the interactions between the arch dam and foundation, the opening and closing of contraction joints, and the radiation damping effect of the far-field boundary. Taking a 300 m high arch dam in the strong earthquake area of West China as an example, a fine mesh finite element model with a total of approximately 3.5 million degrees of freedom is established. The separate effects of the cantilever and integral dead loads on the static and dynamic responses of the dam are studied. The results demonstrate that the distribution and magnitude of the contraction joint opening width and maximum tensile stress are different under the two different dead load simplifications.
Exact soliton solutions for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödingers equation in left-handed metamaterials
Authors: Houwe Alphonse , Justin Mibaile , Dikwa Jérôme , Betchewe Gambo , Doka Serge Y. , Crepin Kofane Timoleon
Published: September 2018

This paper studies an exact soliton solutions for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödingers equation which describes the dynamics of ultrashort optical solitons in nonlinear left-handed metamaterials. To befall soliton solutions, the function transformation method is apply. Dark, bright and exact travelling wave solutions like Jacobi’s elliptic function solutions are reported.
Some solutions of the nonhomogeneous Bagley–Torvik equation
Authors: Aleroev Temirkhan S. , Erokhin Sergey
Published: September 2018

In this study, nonhomogeneous differential equation of the second order is considered, which contains fractional derivative (Bagley–Torvik equation), where the derivative order ranges within 1 and 2. This equation is applied in mechanics of oscillation processes. To study the equation, we use the Laplace transform, which allows us to obtain an image of the solution in an explicit form. Two typical kinds of functions of the right-hand side of the equation are considered. Numerical solutions are constructed for each of them. The solutions obtained are compared with experimental information on polymer concrete samples. The comparison allows for the conclusion about the adequacy of the numerical and analytical solutions to the nonhomogeneous Bagley–Torvik equation.
Engaging Vulnerable Populations in Multi-Level Stakeholder Collaborative Urban Adaptation Planning for Extreme Events and Climate Risks — A Case Study of East Boston USA
Authors: Kirshen Paul , Ballestero Thomas , Douglas Ellen , Miller Hesed Christine D. , Ruth Matthias , Paolisso Michael , Watson Chris , Giffee Phil , Vermeer Kim , Bosma Kirk
Published: September 2018

Pressing challenges in urban adaptation planning to extreme events include: (1) involving vulnerable populations in the impacted area; and (2) employing a multi-level stakeholder collaborative process to build consensus for action. These processes become even more important as adaptive urban planning is recognized as an effective governance model for adaptation to climate change. In a case study of a low to moderate income community vulnerable to present and increased coastal storm surge flooding, the Supported Community Planning Process was employed because (a) most residents of East Boston affiliate primarily with their own local neighborhoods and (b) the residents need targeted expertise to help them understand some of the scientific and technical aspects of adaptation planning. Collaboration was necessary among three sets of critical stakeholders interested in adaptation strategies in East Boston — the local residents and small businesses, the City of Boston, and the agencies that provide infrastructure services — because some adaptation actions will collectively protect assets of all. The overall process occurred successfully because of positive, knowledgeable, and direct exchange of values and goals. The research illustrates how marginalized populations can be effectively engaged in urban adaptation planning, and how that process can be combined in multi-level stakeholder collaborative planning so that plans might be developed that meet multiple shared and individual goals in a cost-effective manner.
Relationship between classroom attendance and examination performance in a second-year medical pathophysiology class
Authors: Kauffman Christine A. , Derazin Megan , Asmar Abdo , Kibble Jonathan D.
Published: September 2018

Studies completed with undergraduate populations have shown that attendance positively correlates with academic performance. A marked decline in classroom attendance within medical school has recently been noticed with the availability of video capture of lectures and other online material. This study compares these in the era of online material. It took place during the second-year Gastrointestinal and Renal Systems module. Attendance was mandatory at team-based learning and case-based learning sessions on new material and voluntary at lectures (29 sessions) and case-based learning on material previously covered (9 sessions). Attendance was recorded prospectively. All lectures were recorded, and all related files were available to students online. Performance was based on a 118 multiple-choice question final examination. Students voluntarily completed the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The study group consisted of 78 students (68% of 114 total) of whom 48 completed the MSLQ. Mean attendance was 24%, with 33% of students attending none of the nonmandatory sessions. The median score on the final exam for participants was 86.0 (range: 28.8). High levels of self-efficacy and the ability to self-regulate effort were predictive of low attendance. Attendance was positively predicted by an orientation toward peer learning and help seeking. There was no correlation between the percentage of classes attended and performance on the final exam. We conclude that different facets of self-regulated learning predict attendance, with highly confident students being the least likely to attend, and that attendance at in-class sessions is no longer a good marker for performance.
Fresh‐State Properties of Mortars with Recycled Glass Aggregates: Global Unification of Behavior
Authors: Gómez-Soberón José Manuel , Cabrera-Covarrubias Francisca Guadalupe , Almaral-Sánchez Jorge Luis , Gómez-Soberón María Consolación
Published: September 2018

Due to the current problems related to the generation of diverse wastes and the extraction of nonrenewable materials to be used in the construction sector, the alternative use of waste glass could be a sustainable option with environmental and economic benefits, in case of being feasible its use as a replacement of the usual aggregates to manufacture recycled mortars. In this research, one presents a study of the fresh‐state properties of the mortars containing 15, 30, 60, and 100% recycled glass aggregates as a replacement for the usual aggregate, providing the experimental results of consistency, density, and air content. Using the experimental results, and by means of a numerical and statistical analysis of these, a diagram of triple interaction that allows us to unify the behavior of the studied properties is constituted; making feasible with this, the prediction of the behavior of these properties with respect to variables as their ratio water/cement, aggregate/cement, and different percentages of replacement of aggregates.
Stray Dog Population in a City of Southern Mexico and Its Impact on the Contamination of Public Areas
Authors: Cortez-Aguirre Gloria R. , Jiménez-Coello Matilde , Gutiérrez-Blanco Eduardo , Ortega-Pacheco Antonio
Published: September 2018

To assess the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission as function of stray dog presence and health status, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a large city of southern Mexico that lacks comprehensive strategies for the control of stray canine populations. The photographic capture-recapture method was used to estimate the density of dogs/km2. In the same way, dog feces from 14 public parks of the city were collected to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection with gastrointestinal parasites. The canine population was estimated between 65 and 80 thousand dogs, with a population density of 1,081 dogs/km2, mostly males (71.4%). A high proportion of dogs (72.3%) were found to be in good body condition score (BCS 3). The person:dog ratio was 2.3. The likelihood of being in the BCS 2 category was lower in areas with a higher density of dogs. All feces collected from the parks contained eggs of intestinal parasites, most of them with a medium (42.9%) to high (35.7%) infection intensity, notably Ancylostoma caninum. It was recorded that cases with a low-intensity of GI infection showed polyparasitism (35.7%) associated with A. caninum. There is a large population of stray dogs that roam freely in the streets of Campeche city with access to sources of food, which is reflected by their good BCS, and dogs do not have access to preventive medicine programs (de-worming) and thus contaminate public parks with feces with significant parasitic egg loads of zoonotic importance.
Predictive Role of QTc Prolongation in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning-Related Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae
Authors: Liao Shu-Chen , Mao Yan-Chiao , Hung Yao-Min , Lee Ching-Hsing , Yang Chen-Chang
Published: September 2018

Objective. Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) are serious complications of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning that adversely affect poisoned patients’ quality of life as well as socioeconomic status. This study aimed to determine clinical predictors of DNS in patients with CO poisoning. Methods. This retrospective study included all CO-poisoned patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) of Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2015. The medical records of all patients with CO poisoning were carefully reviewed, and relevant data were abstracted into a standardised form. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of DNS after CO poisoning. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ideal cut-off value for continuous variables that predict the development of DNS. Results. A total of 760 patients with CO poisoning were identified during the study period. Among them, 466 were eligible for the analysis of predictors of DNS. In multivariate analysis, Glasgow Coma Scale <9 (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–6.21), transient loss of consciousness (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.31–9.79), longer duration from CO exposure to ED presentation (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.08), and corrected QT (QTc) prolongation (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.21–5.61) were found to be associated with a higher risk of DNS. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for QTc interval measured within 6 h after exposure best predicted the development of DNS, with a result of 0.729 (95% CI 0.660–0.791). Moreover, the best cut-off value of the QTc interval was 471 ms, with a sensitivity of 53.3% and a specificity of 85.1%. Conclusions. We identified several potential predictors of DNS following CO poisoning. Among them, QTc prolongation found within 6 h after exposure is a novel predictor of DNS, which may be helpful in the future care of patients with CO poisoning.
Evaluating the User Physical Stresses Associated with Watching 3D and 2D Displays over Extended Time Using Heart Rate Variability, Galvanic Skin Resistance, and Performance Measure
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Z. , Alhaag Mohammed H.
Published: September 2018

This paper compares the effects of viewing videos with 2D and 3D displays with regard to the viewing distance (3H vs. 6H, where H is the height of the screen) and viewing time to determine the physical stresses in terms of heart rate variability, galvanic skin resistance (GSR), and performance of the viewer (percent of correct responses). Twenty healthy male university students with a mean age ± standard deviation of 27.7 ± 2.53 years participated in this study as volunteers. None had color blindness, and all had normal vision acuity. Display type by viewing distance interaction had a significant effect on most of the heart rate variability measures and associated with watching time for the GSR responses. The results concluded that viewing the 3D display from a short viewing distance produced significantly high physical stresses compared to viewing the 2D display from the same short viewing distance. However, the 3D display seemed to impart lower physical stress than the 2D display at long viewing distances. The findings of this study indicate that physical stresses appeared significant at close viewing distance after watching a 3D display for 50 min and increased with continued watching time. In addition, viewer performance was higher for the 3D compared to 2D display type.
Total Knee Arthroplasty after Correction of Tibial Diaphyseal Nonunion with Clamshell Osteotomy
Authors: Desai Pingal , Sharma Vivek , Prakash Karanvir
Published: September 2018

Total knee arthroplasty is mostly done to relieve pain and disability from a severe and degenerated knee. Deformities in the coronal and sagittal plane could be corrected with the help of cuts made in tibia and femur during total knee replacement as well as with ligament release. However, large deformities in the lower extremity particularly in the diaphysis region need correction prior to the total knee replacement. It helps to limit the amount of bone that will be cut and helps the ligament release. Several extra articular and intra-articular methods for the correction of diaphyseal deformity have been described. We present the case of clamshell osteotomy for the correction of diaphyseal deformity in the tibia and a total knee replacement after the osteotomy site healed.
Robust Three-Dimensional Level-Set Method for Evolving Fronts on Complex Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Wei Ran , Bao Futing , Liu Yang , Hui Weihua
Published: September 2018

With a purpose to evolve the surfaces of complex geometries in their normal direction at arbitrarily defined velocities, we have developed a robust level-set approach which runs on three-dimensional unstructured meshes. The approach is built on the basis of an innovative spatial discretization and corresponding gradient-estimating approach. The numerical consistency of the estimating method is mathematically proven. A correction technology is utilized to improve accuracy near sharp geometric features. Validation tests show that the proposed approach is able to accurately handle geometries containing sharp features, computation regions having irregular shapes, discontinuous speed fields, and topological changes. Results of the test problems fit well with the reference results produced by analytical or other numerical methods and converge to reference results as the meshes refine. Compared to level-set method implementations on Cartesian meshes, the proposed approach makes it easier to describe jump boundary conditions and to perform coupling simulations.