bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keyword Selection Methodology for Identification of Major Events using Social Networks
Authors: Bahir Eitan , Peled Ammatzia.
Published: January 2016

The understanding of information communicated over social networks enables quick tracking of real events as they occur. In other cases, where the “crowd” factor is on high note, it is possible to identify events and to evaluate their magnitude, even before they occur. A full assessment of the content generated by social network users is very complex. This, due to the gigantic volume of data communicated over the net at any given time. Using few, well defined, keywords for the detection of relevant data reduces, considerably, the processing effort and expedites the identification of events, such as wildfire, floods or terror attacks. The preliminary results here has shown that by using keywords, specially tailored for different types of major events, one may detect ‘abnormal' surges of social network activities. Also, presented are threshold values, in terms of magnitude and frequency designed for early detection of these events. This approach is the basis for the development of algorithms for early identification real time systems and for geographical tracking of major events.
Achieving an Information System's Capability through C2
Authors: Calderon Ana C. , Johnson Peter
Published: January 2016

The authors present a literature review of command and control, linking sociological elements of academic research to military research in a novel way. They will discuss task modeling literature (seen in human machine interaction studies), general aspects of collectives and military and academic research on command and control, studies of autonomous systems and considerations of interactions between humans and autonomous agents. Based on the survey and associations between aspects from these fields, the authors compose a recommendation list for aspects crucial to building of information systems capable of achieving their true capability, through command and control.
A Design Theory for Vigilant Online Learning Systems
Authors: Wright M. Keith
Published: January 2016

There is now a preponderance of evidence suggesting that the types of online course management software (OCMS) used in purely online undergraduate college courses, do not meet the needs of younger immature students. These students often lack the learning skills necessary to succeed in such courses, nor do the popular OCMS include the vigilance mechanisms to guide such students to successful course completion in the absence of face-to-face human instruction. This paper explores the literature relevant to design theory, learning theory, decision support, and vigilance, to extend information systems design theory to a design theory of vigilant online learning systems. It is hoped that this research note will help guide software developers and academics studying how to design future online learning systems for the immature student.
TQM Practices in Public Sector
Authors: Ajmal Mian M. , Tuomi Ville , Helo Petri T. , Sandhu Maqsood Ahmad
Published: January 2016

This study aims to discuss the evolution, principles, and stages of total quality management (TQM) in public health care organizations. It also makes a comparison that how case organizations think about quality and TQM along with its applicability within public sector. The study can be categorized as qualitative research. The data is collected from semi structural interviews of the informants and the concerning documents, which consist of strategy, policy papers and audit reports of the case organizations. Altogether there are two case organizations. Furthermore, data is analyzed with the help of content analysis. Most vital issues in TQM practices are its comprehensiveness, and its application in such a way which is appropriate for the organization, with a logical way of operation and the participation of management and personnel. Training, guidance, teamwork, involvement and learning are imperative for achieving a continuous improvement culture and are vital elements when adopting TQM. Managers should learn from the experience of TQM implementers by studying expected challenges and pitfalls. They should also pay more attention to the crucial role of all stakeholders in the TQM implementation. The study could be quite valuable from a strategic perspective in providing guidelines to build up a proper plan for TQM practices more promptly. The paper also manages to shed light on TQM practices of public service organizations by comparing their current approaches to quality.
Leadership Social Power as a Component of KMS Success
Authors: Scovetta Vincent , Ellis Timothy J.
Published: January 2016

This study investigated the relationships between a leader's of Leadership Social Power (LSP) profile and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). Previous research has established that KMS success is positively impacted by leadership commitment to KMS, knowledge quality, and knowledge use. Yet how little we know about the constructs of leadership that may impact KM. The goals of this research focused on discovering how the manner in which leaders exert power – their LSP profile – influenced each of these KM success factors. This research was able to empirically demonstrate that LSP is a factor of that success and was able to effectively predict Leadership Commitment to KMS, Knowledge Content Quality, and Knowledge Use based upon predominate manner of Leadership Social Power used by the KM leaders.
The Knowledge-as-Object Metaphor
Authors: Hinds David , Gudi Arvind
Published: January 2016

It is argued that a “knowledge-as-object” metaphor is predominant within knowledge management discourse and that this metaphor underlies our conceptualization of knowledge in both an external sense and an internal sense. This dual application of the word “knowledge” within the common context of knowledge management represents a semantic pathology, a condition which leads to confused thinking and dysfunctional problem solving. The pathology has had profound effects on our understanding of knowledge management problems and the nature of the solutions that are offered. A more balanced and unbiased approach will require that both researchers and practitioners exhibit a greater awareness of the knowledge-as-object metaphor and that they fully appreciate the pervasiveness and power of the associated semantic pathology.
More Collaboration, More Collective Intelligence
Authors: Lucas de Azevedo Viviane Leite , Borges Marcos
Published: January 2016

We live in a society that suffers changes every day, whether these policies are economic or technological. The world has been reinvented, as well as individuals and organizations. Before, we had workspaces segmented with working days, and today we have a constant and all-time interaction. With this, organizations need to readapt new staff profiles and employees to new business skills. The present work shows a reflection of the use of collaborative systems for business today. Although the interest of the companies maintain your knowledge in their boundaries, every day it is more spread in media that is unknown. Furthermore, importantly, we are in a new society of collective intelligence. This work aims to present a framework that provides the mapping of individual skills to support an organization. Using the collaborative assessment, it is believed that the collaboration is possible that couples identify each other's skills and support decision making by managers. As a result, we expect a large map of the mindset of the organization, materializing the concept of collective intelligence.
Knowledge Update in Collaborative Knowledge Sharing Systems
Authors: Masud Mehedi
Published: January 2016

In a collaborative knowledge sharing system each source is associated with knowledge base system that participates in knowledge sharing with other sources. Acquaintances of sources build a collaborative knowledge sharing system or network in which each source is acquainted with other sources. The network of sources can be either acyclic or cyclic, meaning that they can contain acquaintance chains that are acyclic or cyclic. Updating knowledge in the sources involved in an acyclic logical network of sources is done by propagating an update from the originating source until the update reaches the leaves of the network. However, cyclic cases may create complexities due to conflicts that may arise between different versions of propagated updates. The author examines update propagation in both cyclic and acyclic networks. Moreover, the authors considers cases where a source is temporarily unavailable or offline. Here the author's propagation mechanism keeps track of every source even if the source is not available for a certain period of time until that source becomes available. Once a source comes back online the system must propagate the update destined to the returning sources to keep its knowledge consistent with other sources. The author has implemented this mechanism and evaluated it on a small collaborative knowledge sharing system.
The Triple Helix Approach for the Creation of a Knowledge Society
Authors: Piaggesi Danilo , Davis Dianne
Published: January 2016

In the present society, we are experiencing a convergence and crossing-over of three worlds which were previously separated: public research, business and governments; this convergence is represented by the Triple Helix model. It refers to a spiral model of innovation that captures multiple reciprocal relationships among institutional settings (public, private and academic) at different stages in the capitalization of knowledge. This paper presents a good practice of “The International Council for Caring Communities” (ICCC) that, in our opinion, represents a Triple Helix approach in action. ICCC in fact, since 1995 has been addressing social and economic issues with a method based on the cooperation efforts of non-traditional groups of decision makers and experts from government, international organizations, local authorities, the private sector, academia, health organizations and related industries.
The Conceptual MADE Framework for Pervasive and Knowledge-Based Decision Support in Telemedicine
Authors: Fung Nick L. S. , Jones Valerie M. , Widya Ing , Broens Tom H. F. , Larburu Nekane , Bults Richard G. A. , Shalom Erez , Hermens Hermie J.
Published: January 2016

Telemedicine systems are inherently distributed, but, especially in the context of the Internet-of-Things, their complete physical configuration may only be determined after design time by considering, for example, the individual patient's needs. Therefore, to enable pervasive and knowledge-based decision support to be provided in telemedicine, a conceptual framework was developed for modelling and executing clinical knowledge as networks of four types of concurrent processes: Monitoring (M), Analysis (A), Decision (D) and Effectuation (E). In this way, the required decision support functionality can, as presented in this article, be distributed at run-time by mapping different portions of the knowledge across the devices constituting the system. This MADE framework was applied to model a clinical guideline for gestational diabetes mellitus and to derive a prototype knowledge-based system that executes the resulting MADE network. Thus it is shown to support the full development trajectory of a telemedicine system, including analysis, design and implementation.
Robot Task Planning in Deterministic and Probabilistic Conditions Using Semantic Knowledge Base
Authors: Al-Moadhen Ahmed Abdulhadi , Packianather Michael , Setchi Rossitza , Qiu Renxi
Published: January 2016

A new method is proposed to increase the reliability of generating symbolic plans by extending the Semantic-Knowledge Based (SKB) plan generation to take into account the amount of information and uncertainty related to existing objects, their types and properties, as well as their relationships with each other. This approach constructs plans by depending on probabilistic values which are derived from learning statistical relational models such as Markov Logic Networks (MLN). An MLN module is established for probabilistic learning and inference together with semantic information to provide a basis for plausible learning and reasoning services in support of robot task-planning. The MLN module is constructed by using an algorithm to transform the knowledge stored in SKB to types, predicates and formulas which represent the main building block for this module. Following this, the semantic domain knowledge is used to derive implicit expectations of world states and the effects of the action which is nominated for insertion into the task plan. The expectations are matched with MLN output.
Ontologies to Lead Knowledge Intensive Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Catania Carlos Adrian , Zanni-Merk Cecilia , Bertrand de Beuvron François de , Collet Pierre
Published: January 2016

Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) have proven to be very effective in optimizing intractable problems in many areas. However, real problems including specific constraints are often overlooked by the proposed generic models. The authors' goal here is to show how knowledge engineering techniques can be used to guide the definition of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) for problems involving a large amount of structured data, through the resolution of a real problem. They propose a methodology based on the structuring of the conceptual model underlying the problem, in the form of a labelled domain ontology suitable for optimization by EA. The case studyfocuses on the logistics involved in the transportation of patients. Although this problem belongs to the well-known family of Vehicle Routing Problems, its specificity comes from the data and constraints (cost, legal and health considerations) that must be taken into account. The precise definition of the knowledge model with thelabelled domain ontology permits the formal description of the chromosome, the fitness functions and the genetic operators.
Critical Success Factors in the Adoption of Technologies in Education in Higher Education
Authors: Mesquita Anabela , Peres Paula
Published: January 2016

Distance learning has evolved a lot since the moment students received materials by mail and as regular correspondence. At that time, students worked already at their own pace and concluded training according to their professional work and agenda. Today, although courses by correspondence still exist, they are being quickly replaced by distance learning. And the success of this format of education are at the basis of the emergence of different offers and new business models. The success of adoption of technology depends on several factors related with the organization where it is implemented and with the individuals involved. In this paper, the authors will present a case, the evolution of the solutions offered concerning distance learning in the school under study, the actual offers and the concerns for the future. The authors will identify the factors that enabled or constrained this evolution. They will also raise some questions that are still unanswered and will point out some clues for future research.
Emergent Pathways for the Future of Instructional Design
Authors: Roubides Pascal
Published: January 2016

This monogram aims at providing an overview of the entire field of instructional design, starting with a brief historical account of the field but focusing on current and promising trends for the future of instructional design based on advances in instructional technology and human-computer interaction capabilities. The discussion encompasses several parallel trending areas, such as adaptive learning, digital storytelling, gamification, simulation technologies, augmented reality, cybernetics, the xAPI standard, mobile and ubiquitous learning, as well as implications of these trends for the field from both the theoretical and practical point of view. Even though this discussion is by no means an exhaustive account of these trends, it is the aim of this monogram to provide a centralized literature review of multiple paths currently being carved in the field and a glimpse to a multiplicity of potential futures for all those involved in designing and delivering learning or effecting human behavior and performance change.
Digital Writing Spaces as Rhetorical Locales of Invention
Authors: Walwema Josephine N.
Published: January 2016

This article examines the shifting nature of invention with digital infrastructure as a rhetorical locale for composing writing collaboratively. Because composing collaboratively involves inquiry, the article examines the framework for a successful community of inquiry in a digital space already predisposed to engaging interconnected communities, local and global. Thus, the article examines how digital locales of invention, by virtue of their accessible nature, engage wider communities, making composing with and for an active audience possible.
Feature-Based Test Focus Selection Technique Using Classes Connections Weight
Authors: Alazzam Iyad , Akour Mohammed , Banitaan Shadi , Hanandeh Feras
Published: January 2016

Testing could cost more than fifty percent of all development cost, particularly integration testing consumes around eighty percent of testing cost. Integration testing aims to discover errors in the connections among classes which are collaborate and communicate in order to provide specific services. Though, testing all connections among classes is impractical because of the cost, effort and time constraints. Test focus selection might help testers to concentrate on the main and vital connections among classes which it could be the most error prone ones. The authors proposed approach amalgamates the static and dynamic analysis in order to detect, trace, and weight the connections among classes through method level communications. Their approach harnessed an open source tracing tool (MUTT). The MUTT allows them to return all the methods in all classes that have been called respecting to any specific feature which has triggered by the system user. The experimental results reveal how the proposed approach achieves good mutation testing score on the systems under study.
The Assessment of Outsourcing IT Services using DEA Technique
Authors: Zare Mohammad Amin , Taghavi Fard Mohammad Taghi , Hanafizadeh Payam
Published: January 2016

This article proposes a model to make an assessment of efficiency in Information Technology (IT) outsourcing in research centers through data envelopment analysis (DEA). In this research input and output variables of DEA model for assessment of IT outsourcing efficiency distinguished. The decision-making units (DMUs) include 36 research centers in Iran. Expenses and capabilities of contractors represent the inputs and the satisfaction of users, risks, and quality constitute the outputs. In order to calculate the input and output values, a questionnaire has been conducted to DMUs. Afterwards, BCC model has facilitated the calculation of the efficiency of the DMUs and classifies efficient and inefficient units. In addition, Anderson Peterson's model is used for ranking efficient DMUs. This research has brought us to the conclusion that the variables of risk and quality account for the biggest shares in efficiency improvement of non-efficient DMUs.
Primal-Dual Links to Spatial Equilibrium Market Model for Palm Oil in Nigeria
Authors: Nwauwa L. O. E. , Adenegan K. O. , Rahji M. A. Y. , Olaniyi Oluwafemi Zaccheaus
Published: January 2016

Distribution of agricultural produce is undertaken to bridge the gap between production and consumption arising due to spatial separation between areas of surplus and deficit. An investigation of primal-dual links to spatial equilibrium model and integration of palm oil markets in Nigeria was carried out using transportation model. Two-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 3 markets and 276 distributors. Data were analyzed using linear programing model. Average cost of transportation per mode was bus (N17,173), truck (N10,357) and lorry (N5,831) respectively. Total transportation cost of N347,809,600.6k was observed compared to a minimized objective cost of N142,536,800.30k produced by the program. Highest optimal allocation to the destination markets using the different mode of transportation were Port Harcourt–Lagos by lorry (103,200 MT), Owerri–Maiduguri by truck (21,200 MT) and Ondo–Lagos by bus (19,800 MT) respectively. Subsidized cost of public transport facilities will reduce high cost of transportation.
Mutt Methods, Minimalism, and Guiding Heuristics for UX Project Management
Authors: Mara Andrew , Jorgenson Jessica
Published: January 2016

UX has coalesced from a multiplicity of perspectives and approaches, and is held together by a focus on the user. In order to create the flexibility necessary to accommodate the wide range of projects and perspectives, it is necessary to narrow down the UX team concerns and goals before the project management approach is selected. Rather than depending upon a narrow definition of project management that grows out of an overall work style—whether, Agile, lean, or waterfall—the UX project can usefully benefit from a tailored project management approach that matches the project demands. To narrow down the team focus, the authors propose four heuristics to locate: 1. project scope, 2. project agents, 3. evaluation timing, and 4. evaluation criteria. Once those four questions are answered, the UX team can then better locate what kind of project management approaches and genres will best accomplish the team goals.
HIV Risks, Testing, and Treatment in the Former Soviet Union: Challenges and Future Directions in Research and Methodology
Authors: Saadat Victoria M.
Published: January 2016

Background. The dissolution of the USSR resulted in independence for constituent republics but left them battling an unstable economic environment and healthcare. Increases in injection drug use, prostitution, and migration were all widespread responses to this transition and have contributed to the emergence of an HIV epidemic in the countries of former Soviet Union. Researchers have begun to identify the risks of HIV infection as well as the barriers to HIV testing and treatment in the former Soviet Union. Significant methodological challenges have arisen and need to be addressed. The objective of this review is to determine common threads in HIV research in the former Soviet Union and provide useful recommendations for future research studies.Methods. In this systematic review of the literature, Pubmed was searched for English-language studies using the key search terms “HIV”, “AIDS”, “human immunodeficiency virus”, “acquired immune deficiency syndrome”, “Central Asia”, “Kazakhstan”, “Kyrgyzstan”, “Uzbekistan”, “Tajikistan”, “Turkmenistan”, “Russia”, “Ukraine”, “Armenia”, “Azerbaijan”, and “Georgia”. Studies were evaluated against eligibility criteria for inclusion.Results. Thirty-nine studies were identified across the two main topic areas of HIV risk and barriers to testing and treatment, themes subsequently referred to as “risk” and “barriers”. Study design was predominantly cross-sectional. The most frequently used sampling methods were peer-to-peer and non-probabilistic sampling. The most frequently reported risks were condom misuse, risky intercourse, and unsafe practices among injection drug users.  Common barriers to testing included that testing was inconvenient, and that results would not remain confidential.  Frequent barriers to treatment were based on a distrust in the treatment system. Conclusion. The findings of this review reveal methodological limitations that span the existing studies. Small sample size, cross-sectional design, and non-probabilistic sampling methods were frequently reported limitations. Future work is needed to examine barriers to testing and treatment as well as longitudinal studies on HIV risk over time in most-at-risk populations.
Urban Bias, Economic Resource Allocation and National Development Planning in Botswana
Authors: Sechele Latang
Published: January 2016

Michael Lipton formulated a theory of urban bias to account for the poverty and inequalities that rack many developing countries today. The theory proposes that development planning in less developed countries is biased against rural areas in that most of the economic resources are allocated to the urban areas than the rural ones making the poor to get poorer. This article seeks to apply the theory to Botswana’s development planning process. Data was obtained from the analysis of the first nine out of the ten national development plans published since independence which clearly show a distinction in economic resource allocations between rural and urban areas. The findings support the urban bias thesis and suggest its retention in studies of economic development with modifications to incorporate elite bias to account for intra-rural and intra-urban social inequalities. It also proposes diversification into non-agricultural activities as a strategy for rural development in drought prone contexts.Keywords: urban bias, resource allocation, development planning, poverty, inequality
Sports Betting-Motivated Corruption in Australia: An Under-Studied Phenomenon
Authors: Lastra Reynald , Bell Peter , Bond Christine
Published: January 2016

With the continual rise of gambling methods there is a need to better understand sports betting-motivated corruption in the Australian context. This literature review highlights seven predominant themes: the Australian gambling culture, betting opportunities available, the threat of sports betting to the integrity of sport, corruption in sport, involvement of transnational organized crime groups in sports corruption, the theoretical perspectives used in sports corruption research, and anti-corruption strategies which are important in the prevention and law enforcement of this criminal behavior. The review identifies significant gaps in existing knowledge surrounding sports betting-motivated corruption, highlighting the need for further research in this area.Keywords: corruption, sports betting, gambling, law enforcement, sports integrity
The look and feel of resilience: A qualitative study of physicians’ perspectives
Authors: Polachek Alicia J , Wallace Jean E , Gautam Mamta , De Grood Jill A , Lemaire Jane B
Published: January 2016

Some physicians can effectively cope and thrive in the face of potentially stressful job conditions, while others experience serious, negative consequences. This ability to be resilient may improve physician wellness and benefit health care organizations, yet little is known about what resilience means to physicians. This paper explores how physicians understand resilience both as they observe it in their colleagues and as they experience it themselves. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 physicians practicing in Alberta, Canada. Two questions explored physicians’ experiences of resilience or non-resilience, while two other questions considered what they observed in physician colleagues. Interview transcripts were independently coded by two authors and discussed to ensure agreement on the key themes. There were several similarities in how physicians described resilience or non-resilience in themselves and their colleagues related to control, positivity or negativity, boundaries and balance, coping, and support. There were also important differences in how physicians described their own experiences and their observations of colleagues. Participants’ portrayals of themselves suggested being immune to stress and responsible for their success or failure in being resilient. Their depictions of colleagues, however, focused on professionalism, work performance, commitment to values, and experience or wisdom. There appears to be a difference in how physicians understand resilience in themselves compared to what they observe in their colleagues. Specifically, physicians may hold unrealistic and unachievable expectations for their own resilience. Initiatives aimed at improving physician resilience and wellness may be best served by raising awareness about more realistic expectations and self-appraisals.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 5, No. 1
Authors: Smith Wendy
Published: January 2016

International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.

Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.

Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 1

Afsin Sahin

Ali Reza Fotouhi

Bibi Abdelouahab

Carla J. Thompson

Carolyn Huston

Dr. Sohair F. Higazi

Encarnación Alvarez-Verdejo

Gabriel A. Okyere

Gane Samb Lo

Getachew Dagne

Ivair R. Silva

Jacek Białek

Kouji Yamamoto

Marcelo Bourguignon

Milind Phadnis

Philip Westgate

Priyantha Wijayatung

Samah M. Abo-El-Hadid

Shahedul Khan

Tewfik Kernane

Wei Zhang

Wojciech Gamrot

Zaixing Li

 

Wendy Smith

On behalf of,

The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and Probability

Canadian Center of Science and Education
Effect of addition JORPHOS to Self-Compacting Concrete for Chloride Penetration
Authors: B. Alhasanat Mahmoud , N. S. Al Qadi Arabi , A. Al Tarabulsi Loai , A. Al khashman Omar
Published: January 2016

Reinforced concrete structures are exposed to harsh environments, yet they are often expected to last with little or no repair or maintenance for long periods of time (often 100 years or more). For this reason, a durable structure needs to be produced. In addition, bridge reinforced concrete suffering from attacks of chloride penetration that cause corrosion of the steel in the reinforcement concrete that leads to reduction in strength and serviceability cracking, which cause further repair and rehabilitation for the structure and greater maintenance and repair costs. This research focuses on self-compacting concrete with Jordanian Phosphate (JORPHOS) as a filler. The permeability for different percentages of JORPHOS were tested by using Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT). It was concluded that the addition of different percentages of JORPHOS minimizes chloride penetration in concrete.
Kdo rozhoduje v českých politických stranách? Vzestup nových politických podnikatelů ve srovnávací perspektivě
Authors: Kopeček Lubomír , Svačinová Petra
Published: January 2016

This article focuses on a comparative analysis of the organization of contemporary Czech parliamentary parties. It emphasizes the structural and functional differences between the new parties—ANO (meaning “yes” in Czech) and Dawn of Direct Democracy—and older parties. The theoretical section presents the basic organizational types – in particular, the concept of the business-firm party. The following organizational aspects of parties are then compared: membership, form of funding, the role played by ground organizations, the position and composition of top party bodies, the role played by the party leader, and media resources. This analysis reveals that ANO and Dawn have a more exclusive membership than older parties and have centralized more power into the hands of the party leader, who is supported both by formal statutes and by informal structures. In the case of ANO, the central leadership dominates over lower-level ground organizations; Dawn forgoes them altogether. Its missing institutional base accelerated Dawn’s implosion in 2015. ANO is characterised by a high degree of professionalism and control over key media, both of which were missing in the case of Dawn.
Hybridní režimy jako svébytná kategorie politických režimů: Komparace vybraných přístupů
Authors: Bílek Jaroslav
Published: January 2016

The topic of hybrid regimes has always provoked heated debate. One of the reasons for this has been an often unclear and vaguely defined line between democracy and authoritarianism, which is why many theoretical concepts have come under heavy criticism. As a reaction to this frequent criticism, newer concepts have begun to appear – concepts which stem from a trichotomous classification of political regimes in an attempt to eliminate criticism and ambiguity. These new concepts see hybrid regimes as a stand-alone category of political regimes. The presented text aims at comparing the most well-known conceptions of hybrid regimes of this kind. Specifically, it deals with the conceptions of Mainwaring, Peréz-Liñán and Brinks; Levitsky and Way; Zinecker; Wigell; and Gilbert and Mohseni. On the basis of the comparison that was carried out, it is possible to conclude that in terms of practical use, each of these analyzed conceptions has its strengths and weaknesses. However, as far as contributions to the aforementioned debate are concerned, these concepts suffer from significant problems.
Rodney G. Peffer: Marxizmus, morálka a sociálna spravodlivosť
Authors: Sekerák Marián
Published: January 2016

Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo spolku slovenských spisovateľov, 2014. Edícia Pohľady za horizont, zv. 15. 492 s., ISBN 978-80-8061-815-5. Preklad: Richard Cedzo, predslov: Ľuboš Blaha.
Perceived differences in knowledge about interactive technology between young adults and their parents
Authors: Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Jones Randall M. , Tulane Sarah
Published: January 2016

This study was designed to investigate generational differences in knowledge about interactive technology (i.e., cell phones, social networking, email, video chat) between parents and their young adult children. Parents (n = 555) and young adults (n = 604) residing in the United States provided information about their knowledge in the use of interactive technology. Young adult children also reported their perceptions of their parents’ technological knowledge for the various technologies. Comparisons of young adult self-reported technological knowledge and their parents’ own reports of technological knowledge revealed that young adults were perceived to be much more knowledgeable than their parents (by both the young adults and their parents) regardless of the technology medium. The largest differences between parents and their young adult children were associated with newer interactive technologies, with the largest gap between parent and young adult knowledge in the area of social networking. Perceived differences between parents and their young adult children were smaller among the technologies that have been in use longer (such as such as e-mail), and larger among the newer modes of interactive technology (e.g., video chat).
FOTOGRAFIA E PINTURA: RELAÇÃO MÚTUA NO DISTANCIAMENTO DA MIMESE
Authors:   Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Prado Ana Karina Tamoto do
Published: January 2016

Por meio de um breve levantamento histórico crítico, este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar a transformação do pensamento ocidental acerca do caráter mimético da representação na pintura e como a fotografia desempenhou papel importante nessa mudança, em que se deslocou para ela o compromisso com a cópia da realidade. A investigação considera o conceito de mimese ponderado por Platão e Aristóteles acerca da arte, que teve como uma de suas consequências a valorização da semelhança com a realidade numa obra artística, reflexão que permeou a estética ocidental durante muito tempo. Ao evidenciar as tentativas iniciais de desvincular a produção pictórica e fotográfica da imposição de buscar a verossimilhança, os movimentos modernistas explicitam tendências e tentativas de recolocar o problema da representação.
CORPO E ORIGAMI: UM ESTUDO SOBRE DOBRAS E SUA INOVAÇÃO DENTRO DA ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Teixeira Samanta Aline , Gomes Caroline Apolinário ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Paschoarelli Luis Carlos ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Nakata Milton Koji ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Moura Monica ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista
Published: January 2016

Esse artigo analisa a arte contemporânea em comunhão com as técnicas criativas do corpo e do origami, gerando o entrelaçamento entre as artes manuais e corporais e a tecnologia a elas aplicada. Em um primeiro momento, é analisado o cenário contemporâneo, as novas tecnologias e os caminhos da sociedade atual. Em um segundo momento, considera-se o comportamento do corpo e do origami inseridos dentro desse novo contexto. Por fim, são analisados alguns projetos que utilizam como principal alicerce a performance corporal e as dobraduras japonesas.
Statens lærer(høg)skole i forming Oslo 1966-1994 - ein utdanningsinstitusjon med samfunnsansvar og berekraft i fokus
Authors: Kvellestad Randi Veiteberg
Published: January 2016

Denne artikkelen set fokus på utdanningsinstitusjonen Institutt for estetiske fag, Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, Noreg frå ca. 1950 til 1990. Skulen bar namnet Statens lærerskole i forming Oslo (SLFO) frå 1966 til 1975, så Statens lærerhøgskole i forming Oslo frå 1975 til 1994. Institusjonen hadde eit tydeleg lærarfokus samstundes som den dreiv ei utstrakt fagleg opplæring, forsøksverksemd og rettleiingsteneste. Tradisjonen med kvalitet i val av materiale, i arbeid med teknikk og utførsle stod sterkt, men det blei etter kvart lagt større vekt på eksperimentering i materiale, med reiskap og teknikkar. Studentane blei både oppfordra og utfordra til å vere kreative og stole på eigne idear i eksperimenteringa. Artikkelen set fokus på endring og opplæring i tekstil i handarbeidslærarinneutdanninga. Kjeldematerialet er årsmeldingar, publiserte tekstar funne i Instituttet si Historiske samling og intervju av sju tilsette som arbeidde på skulen i delar av, eller i heile tidsperioden. Informantane sine argument og analyse av tekstane blir knytt til nyare forsking i Sverige og Noreg. Artikkelen viser at institusjonen den gong sto for haldningar som ein i dag kallar berekraftige, med solide kvalitetskrav og viste dermed eit samfunnsansvar gjennom opplæring og næringsretta tiltak.
Mulighetsrommet i kunstdidaktikken: betraktninger av til-stede-værelse
Authors: Gjærum Rikke Gürgens
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen utforsker kunstdidaktikken som et mulighetenes «rom» for marginale røster. Gjennom et stedsfilosofisk perspektiv blir begrepet «rom» det metaforiske omdreiningspunkt. Hensikten er å åpne opp for et undringsfelleskap der den filosofiske vandring fra rom til rom bidrar til å utvide vår forståelse av både marginalitet og kunstdidaktikk. Artikkelen bidrar dermed både med en begrepsutvikling og teoriforståelse av kunst for, av og med aktører med marginale røster, sett gjennom samtidskunsteksempler fra Disability Art-sjangeren representert ved DE UTVALGTE og UNLIMITED 2014.
Med hvilken rett blir din sigøynerhistorie min fortelling? Om innsamlings- og fortolkningsproblematikk
Authors: Dahlsveen Heidi , Gjærum Rikke Gürgens , Walløe Thor-André
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen utforsker hvilke fortellinger vi velger å fortelle om andre, og med hvilken rett andres narrativer blir fortellerens eget materiale. Vi diskuterer derfor selve innsamlings- og fortolkningsproblematikken som inngår i et kunstdidaktisk arbeid når man både er forsker, fasilitator og forteller i et prosjekt som omhandler marginale og sårbare grupper i samfunnet. Artikkelen bygger på produksjonen «Romfolk – et folk i veien» som ble spilt under Festspillene i Nord-Norge. Hensikten med produksjonen var å skape en forestilling basert på sigøyneres tradisjonsfortellinger og beretninger om hvem sigøynere selv opplever at de er. Fortellingene og innsikten de rumenske informantene bidro med, ble av artikkelforfatterne fortolket som immateriell kulturarv og formidlet gjennom å anvende teater som ledd i en anti-stigmatiseringsprosess mot romfolk.
I CROSSED THE LINE
Authors: Vestby Nina
Published: January 2016

Da sykdommen kom, var det som å bli slengt ut i ukjent landskap, uten kart og kompass. Med nål og tråd forteller jeg historien om en deformert rygg, en revolusjonær mamma, helter, kjærlighet, reiser, byråkrater og livslange vennskap. Om å være en del av, og leve i en kultur på tvers av normalen. Tilhørighet. Om å falle utenom og mellom to stoler. Goethe foretok sin dannelsesreise, han var en voksen mann som tok et bevisst valg å reise ut i verden for å møte det fremmede, reflektere og vende tilbake visere. Jeg var et barn uten valg verken når det gjaldt min mors kjærlighet til en afroamerikansk mann, eller å utvikle en alvorlig ryggsykdom. I denne artikkelen forstås disse to livsvendingene bort fra normen gjennom et danningsperspektiv. Pilarer i mine dannelsesreiser som var utenom normen både i fysisk og psykisk forstand. Om å være i konstant transitt. Den collageaktige sammenkoblingen av broderi og tekst, utgjør et narrativt kunstnerisk utviklingsarbeid.
Lemmas induce dormancy but help the seed ofLeymus chinensisto resist drought and salinity conditions in Northeast China
Authors: Lin Jixiang , Shao Shuai , Zhang Na , Wang Yang , Mu Chunsheng
Published: January 2016

Leymus chinensisis a dominant grass in the Songnen grassland of Northern China. The lower germination caused by the presence of lemmas has proved to be an obstacle for the use of the seeds of this plant by humans. However, it is still unknown if the lemmas have other ecological roles such as resisting drought and saline conditions. Three experiments were designed to investigate the ecological roles of the lemmas inLeymus chinensisseeds. The results showed that lemmas significantly improved the amount of water uptake and slowed down the dehydration rate of the seeds under dry conditions. Likewise, the lemmas induced seed dormancy, and removal of the lemmas improved the germination at all temperatures. Although germination percentage of the seeds without lemmas were higher than that of seeds with lemmas under salinity stress, the recovery and total percentage were significantly lower than the seeds with lemmas, especially at 400 mM stress. These results suggest that the lemmas play a vital function in water uptake, dehydration and salt tolerance during the germination stage of the seeds as a response to adverse environmental conditions. Although lemmas showed a dormancy effect, if we want to plant this species in salinity soil in Northeast China, the approach of removing the lemmas by artificial means and improving the seed germination percentage is not feasible.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Authors: Marvanova Marketa
Published: January 2016

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are routinely prescribed for the management of a variety of neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes. Physiologic changes due to aging, pregnancy, nutritional status, drug interactions, and diseases (ie, those involving liver and kidney function) can affect pharmacokinetics of AEDs. This review discusses foundational pharmacokinetic characteristics of AEDs currently available in the United States, including clobazam but excluding the other benzodiazepines. Commonalities of pharmacokinetic properties of AEDs are discussed in detail. Important differences among AEDs and clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or elimination associated with AEDs are highlighted. In general, newer AEDs have more predictable kinetics and lower risks for drug interactions. This is because many are minimally or not bound to serum proteins, are primarily renally cleared or metabolized by non–cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and/or have lower potential to induce/inhibit various hepatic enzyme systems. A clear understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of individual AEDs is essential in creating a safe and effective treatment plan for a patient.
Utilization of antipsychotic therapeutic drug monitoring at a state psychiatric hospital
Authors: Wong Kara R. , Nelson Leigh Anne , Elliott Ellie S. R. , Liu Yifei , Sommi Roger W. , Winans Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2016

Introduction

This study assesses the utilization of antipsychotic therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and describes characteristics of appropriate and inappropriate TDM at a state psychiatric hospital.

Methods

A retrospective, descriptive review was conducted for antipsychotic TDM completed between December 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011, at a 65-bed adult inpatient extended-care and forensic state psychiatric hospital.

Results

One hundred thirty-three (n = 133) antipsychotic serum levels were collected from 44 patients during the study period. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of the TDM were deemed inappropriate, 28% were appropriate, and 3% could not be designated appropriate or inappropriate owing to the lack of information regarding steady-state conditions. The primary reason for inappropriate TDM was lack of documentation with regard to the indication for TDM (n = 79, 59.3%), the intervention following laboratory analysis (n = 88, 66%), or both. Appropriate TDM was associated with a lower laboratory cost for antipsychotic serum level ($48.98 ± $53.49 versus $72.06 ± $51.02, P < .05), lower daily cost of scheduled psychiatric medications ($17.72 ± $23.03 versus $32.26 ± $31.05, P < .05), lower daily cost of total medications ($19.28 ± $24.91 versus $33.82 ± $31.03, P < .05), fewer scheduled psychiatric medications (2.95 ± 1.90 versus 4.04 ± 2.19, P < .01), and fewer total scheduled medications (5.95 ± 3.60 versus 7.60 ± 3.29, P < .05). Inappropriate TDM led to approximately $6,753 in avoidable laboratory costs over a 20-month period.

Discussion

Therapeutic drug monitoring is a complex process with many points at which errors may occur. The majority of antipsychotic levels at this state psychiatric hospital were not documented in a way that was clinically useful. Inappropriate TDM was associated with increased laboratory and medication costs.
A review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with antipsychotics
Authors: Wijesinghe Ruki
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Antipsychotics are widely used and often in combination with other drugs, thereby frequently subjected to drug-drug interactions. This review will provide a summary of potential pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) drug interactions associated with antipsychotic drugs.

Methods

A literature search was conducted for clinically significant drug interactions with antipsychotics.

Results

Most common PK drug interactions take place via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. PK profiles of first generation antipsychotics are inadequately studied; nevertheless most common drug interactions involve changes to their metabolic processes. Interactions with second generation antipsychotics are somewhat well-established, documented, and give some guidance for therapeutic treatment interventions. PD interactions occurring at the receptor level result in additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects.

Discussion

This review summarizes a collection of relevant literature of significant PK and PD interactions occurring with antipsychotics. The involvement of multiple CYP enzymes makes it more difficult to predict the extent of the interaction and clinicians should take into consideration the timeline when evaluating potential interactions.
Pharmacogenetics of antiepileptic drugs: A brief review
Authors: Parker D. , Sanders E. J. , Burghardt K. J.
Published: January 2016

The goal of pharmacogenetic research is to assist clinicians in predicting patient response to medications when genetic variations are identified. The pharmacogenetic variation of antiepileptic drug response and side effects has yielded findings that have been included in drug labeling and guidelines. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of the pharmacogenetic research on antiepileptic drugs. It will focus on findings that have been included in drug labeling, guidelines, and candidate pharmacogenetic variation. Overall, several genes have been included in guidelines by national and international organizations; however, much work is needed to implement and evaluate their use in clinical settings.