bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Horizontal Soundings of the Atmosphere
Authors: Mastenbrook H. J.
Published: August 2018

Constant level balloons have been used to provide a trajectory form of meteorological data useful both in applied meteorology and in frontier areas of meteorological research. The Navy constant level balloon sounding system (Transosonde) operated over the Pacific Ocean for a period of two years. The inauguration of jet aircraft flights across the Pacific forced the cessation of Transosonde flights until such time as a distributed mass balloon system is developed which does not constitute a hazard to aircraft. The prospects of such a system exist if one utilizes earth satellites for positioning the horizontal sounding balloons.
The Line Islands Experiment, Its Place in Tropical Meteorology and the Rise of the Fourth School of Thought
Authors: Zipser Edward J.
Published: August 2018

The Line Islands Experiment has resulted in unique and comprehensive data for studies of the meteorology of the equatorial Pacific. It is one of several recent field programs in tropical meteorology designed to attack the central problem of scale interactions, especially the role of convective and mesoscale systems. Some of the recent evidence is reviewed that indicates the importance of these interactions in understanding the non-steady state aspects of tropical disturbances. A variety of results from the Line Islands Experiment are summarized, with emphasis on their relevance to the planning of GARP tropical experiments.
Can the Schools Harness Radio?
Authors: Emery James Newell
Published: August 2018

The modern device of Radio Broadcasting contains fascinating possibilities as an implement of instruction. Difficulties are numerous, but can be largely overcome, the writer of this article believes. He outlines some things which ultimately may be done supremely well by Radio.
Blend Cultural with Vocational
Authors: Rosenlof G. W.
Published: August 2018

Vocational and Cultural Education are' not so far apart as to be irreconcilable, in the view of this writer. He suggests that even the older Classical training had its vocational aspect. Life itself calls for a merging of the intellectual with the practical.
How San Antonio Got Ready
Authors: Henderson J. L.
Published: August 2018

The thoroughness with which the city of San Antonio prepared for the inauguration of its Junior High School Program, is reflected in the following account written by the specialist who directed the set-up.
Boston's Use of Motion Pictures
Authors: Hennessey Joseph A.
Published: August 2018

Employment of Visual Aids in Boston public schools has been a gradual development extending over thirty years. The value of such aids, when wisely utilized, is attested by the increasing demand for films from teachers who have experienced their help.
Civics Vitalized in Roanoke
Authors: Duncan Mary B.
Published: August 2018

While Roanoke citizens were considering a comprehensive plan of city development, high school classes also were studying the plan. How the pupils became interested and helped to “sell” the idea to the grown-ups, is here related by the teacher who guided the young citizens in their project.
Teachers as an Investment
Authors: Dille G. E.
Published: August 2018

“Many of the common errors made by teachers in general are blunders which have crept in because of a lack of understanding of the nature of children … the teacher must know; she must do; she must inspire.”
Is Teaching a Profession?
Authors: Burr Samuel Engle
Published: August 2018

“If we are to use present conditions as the standard of judgment, we must be frank to admit that the school teacher does not have a professional preparation equivalent to that possessed by those who enter law, medicine or the ministry.”
Was it Education's Fault?
Authors: Barham Thomas C.
Published: August 2018

A dialog dealing with the charge that educators should have foreseen and forestalled the economic breakdown.
Clay in Her Hands
Authors: Wagner Natalie
Published: August 2018

Awarded Second Prize in the Journal of Education's Second Annual Short Story Contest
Graduation minus Boredom
Authors: Conlon Florence D.
Published: August 2018

Suggestion for an outdoor pageant in which all the seniors would participate.
Berea Stands for Service
Authors: Chidester Albert J.
Published: August 2018

Close-up view of a famous institution which couples education with industrial effort and stresses useful living.
Radio's Effect on Home Study
Authors: Harrington Charles B.
Published: August 2018

Does radio interfere or help? What programs do high school students like to listen to? Here are some facts.
Died a Specialist
Authors: Holliday Carl
Published: August 2018

Do our universities turn out educated men, or—as one student editor puts it—“lopsided automatons”?
Ten Aims of a Good School
Authors: Jacoby Asher J.
Published: August 2018

In the upset world of today, schools have a great responsibility and a great privilege as well.
Pupils Relive Birth of Nation
Authors: Kitts Helen
Published: August 2018

A home room experiment in correlation which improved the work in four studies.
If the Public Wants Good Teachers—
Authors: Overn A. V.
Published: August 2018

Some suggestions for securing high professional standards.
School Size and Red Tape
Authors: Kearney N. G.
Published: August 2018

The larger school organizations have their advantages—but the odds are not all in their favor.
Visiting Schools in West Africa
Authors: Putney L. H.
Published: August 2018

Again circling the globe for Little, Brown and Company, Boston, this veteran traveler finds the educational flame burning in dark lands.
A Three-Day School for Parents
Authors: Park Charles B.
Published: August 2018

This tells of a project which “created a wholesome parent-school-child relationship triangle”
Land suitability levels for rainfed maize under current conditions and climate change projections in Mexico
Authors: López-Blanco Jorge , Pérez-Damián José Luis , Conde-Álvarez Ana Cecilia , Gómez-Díaz Jesús David , Monterroso-Rivas Alejandro Ismael
Published: August 2018

An assessment of land suitability classes for rainfed maize (spring–summer agricultural cycle) with current climate conditions (1950–2000) and projected climate change scenarios was carried out for Mexico. The method considered the most restrictive factors or agroclimatic requirements from different variables needed by rainfed maize. These factors were analyzed spatially in a geographic information systems (GIS) context, resulting in areas classified into four suitability levels: high, medium, low, and not suitable for maize. We considered two general circulation models (GCM): HADGEM2-ES and MPI-ESM-LR; one radiative forcing concentration representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 Wm−2 and the far period (2075–2099). Results at a national-level analysis showed that under actual conditions, 57.5% of the area of Mexico presents some level of suitability for rainfed maize. The high suitability class is 11.4% of the country, while 20.7% and 25.3% had medium and low suitability levels, respectively. Other results showed that with the HADGEM2-ES and MPI-ESM-LR projections of climate change models, 50.4% and 46.7%, of Mexico’s continental area, respectively, present some level of suitability for the rainfed maize crop. In the first case, with respect to the present climate conditions, the HADGEM2-ES model presented an area decrease of −2.4% and the MPI-ESM-LR model of −5.5% in the high suitability level for the rainfed maize crop. Results at a state-level analysis showed there are five states (Jalisco, Campeche, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Michoacán) in the interval of more than 50,000 km2 of surface with high and medium suitability levels, with a maximum extent change between the present to the projected climate conditions of −46% for the HADGEM2-ES and −57% for the MPI-ESM-LR. In general, the MPI-ESM-LR model showed the most adverse projected conditions for rainfed maize growth.
Quantifying the Size of the Contraband Cell Phone Problem: Insights From a Large Rural State Penitentiary
Authors: Grommon Eric , Carter Jeremy , Scheer Charles
Published: August 2018

Cell phones are one of the most challenging forms of contraband for correctional facilities. The size of this problem is difficult to quantify. Confiscation data are only able to tell a partial story. Through the use of a unique data collection effort, this research details the number of contraband cell phones within a facility and offers the first attempt to estimate the gap that exists between the number of contraband cell phones available and the number that are confiscated. In light of the findings, implications for policy and an agenda for research on contraband cell phone market dynamics are provided.
A double-bind? Taking new materialisms elsewhere in studies of education and childhood
Authors: Kraftl Peter
Published: August 2018

This article outlines and critically reflects upon four tensions – framed as “double-binds’ – in new materialist scholarship on childhood and education. Firstly, I tackle arguments about data and the role of the researcher in studies of education, which I reframe as a question of intentionality. Secondly, I critically consider debates about the agency and voice of nonhuman matter and a problematic Anthropomorphism that is (rather ambiguously) often entrained therein. Thirdly, I explore what advances in (and critiques of) new materialist approaches mean for a range of pressing global debates affecting children and especially education. Finally, I examine the potential role that interdisciplinarity might play in taking new materialisms elsewhere than debates about researcher/nonhuman agency/intentionality.
Wrestling with “Half Gods”: Biblical Discourse in Mary Austin’sThe Ford
Authors: Peterson John
Published: August 2018

Mary Austin’s novel The Ford recounts the water transfer from the Owens Valley to Los Angeles in the early twentieth century. Previous critical analysis of the text has focused on its vision of regional development and its concern with gender roles, while largely ignoring the novel’s extensive use of biblical narratives and symbolism. In this article I examine Austin’s use of these narratives, in particular the story of Jacob’s wrestling with God, in order to better understand the racial and gender diversity that complicates the protagonist’s coming of age.
Learning Curve for Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy
Authors: Razavi Christopher R. , Vasiliou Elya , Tufano Ralph P. , Russell Jonathon O.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To define the learning curve for transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via the vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Study Design

Case series with planned data collection.

Setting

Tertiary care academic hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Included patients were those who met the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for lobectomy and our group's previously documented indications for TOETVA. Operative time (incision to closure) was used as a surrogate for procedural proficiency and plotted as a function of case number to determine a learning curve. A simple moving average of operative time was then calculated, with the proficiency case defined as the case number where the slope of this curve changed. Demographic/characteristic data, outcomes, and complications were compared between the skill acquisition period (case 1 to proficiency case) and the proficiency period (remaining cases). A linear regression model was then used to calculate and compare the slopes of the skill acquisition and proficiency periods in the “operative time versus case number” plot.

Results

Thirty cases were attempted, with a procedural success rate of 29 of 30 (94%) and no incidence of permanent mental nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The proficiency case was case 11. There was a statistically significant difference between the skill acquisition and proficiency periods in slopes of the linear regressions (–16.7 vs –0.3, respectively;P<. 001) and median operative times (191 vs 119 minutes,P<. 001). There was no difference in demographics, procedural success rate, or complication rate between the periods.

Conclusions

The learning curve for TOETVA was 11 cases for the surgeon evaluated in this series.
Working with difference: Cognitive schemas, ethical cosmopolitanism and negotiating cultural diversity
Authors: Høy-Petersen Nina , Woodward Ian
Published: August 2018

This article empirically explores the types and limits of ethical varieties of cosmopolitan openness by analysing in-depth interviews with a sample of professionals and volunteers ( N = 20) in culturally heterogeneous workplaces that are characterised by interpersonal interactions requiring intercultural competencies. It analyses the way people relax and harden the borders of openness around people, objects and practices they see as unfamiliar and different. Within the context of two primary schemes for deliberating the principles and schemas for acting in ways that are open to valuing difference, the article finds that the interviewees use flexible and contextually shifting categorisations of otherness and sameness that serve apparently conflicting agendas of ethical openness, self-protection, instrumentalism and parochialism. Exploring the schemas associated with these forms of everyday ethical understandings, the results show their cosmopolitan ethical practice to be performative and contextual, entangled with a variety of potentially conflicting schemas of evaluation and judgement.
Dynamic associations between opioid use and anhedonia: A longitudinal study in opioid dependence
Authors: Lubman Dan I , Garfield Joshua BB , Gwini Stella M , Cheetham Ali , Cotton Sue M , Yücel Murat , Allen Nicholas B
Published: August 2018

Background:

Anhedonia is a commonly reported symptom among substance-dependent populations that appears to diminish with sustained abstinence. However, previous research has not determined whether anhedonia is dynamically linked to changing patterns of drug use, nor whether it predicts subsequent drug use.

Aims:

We aimed to test whether changes in illicit opioid use would predict changes in anhedonia, and whether increases in anhedonia would predict further opioid use.

Methods:

We conducted a longitudinal, observational study, with a convenience sample of 121 participants with current or past-year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) opioid dependence recruited from substance use treatment and related services and from pharmacies administering opioid substitution pharmacotherapy. Anhedonia was assessed with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and frequency of illicit opioid use was assessed using timeline follow-back interviews.

Results:

There was a significant within-subject effect (β=−0.015; 95% CI −0.02 to −0.01; p=0.001), indicating that participants’ Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores typically declined (i.e. anhedonia increased) following a month with above-average opioid use and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores rose (i.e. anhedonia reduced) following a month with below-average opioid use. However, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale scores did not significantly predict opioid use in the subsequent month (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.12; p=0.651).

Conclusions:

Changes in illicit opioid use predict self-reported anhedonia, suggesting a possible causal relationship whereby anhedonia is likely to worsen with frequent drug use and diminish with prolonged abstinence. However, anhedonia does not appear to drive further drug use.
Scoping review of the Multiple Errands Test: Is it relevant to youths with acquired brain injury?
Authors: Hanberg Vanessa L , MacKenzie Diane E , Merritt Brenda K
Published: August 2018

Introduction

For youths who sustain acquired brain injuries, distinguishing typical development of executive function from the impairment(s) can be a challenging but critical assessment consideration. Occupational therapists working with individuals after brain injury can use the Multiple Errands Test as a performance-based assessment of the effect of executive dysfunction in the real world. Although numerous test versions exist for different settings and diagnostic populations, their relevance to youths is unclear. We surveyed the non-virtual reality literature for test versions to determine the measurement properties and clinical utility for assessing youths in a community setting.

Method

A scoping review was completed to summarize study purpose/design, Multiple Errands Test structure, assessment environment, sample characteristics, psychometric properties, clinical utility and main findings of the test versions.

Results

We included 10 quantitative studies and found the strongest reliability and validity evidence for male adults with moderate to severe acquired brain injury, in a hospital setting. Multiple Errands Test versions can distinguish people with brain injury from controls and identify challenges in the home and community. No studies examined the test performance of younger participants.

Conclusion

This review highlights the research of several Multiple Errands Test versions and identifies gaps in that research, including the need for development of a test version for youths in a community setting.
Temporary work agencies: Triangular disorganization or multilevel regulation?
Authors: Alsos Kristin , Evans Claire
Published: August 2018

In this article, we compare the evolution of industrial relations and collective wage regulation arrangements in the temporary agency industries of Sweden, Germany, Norway and the UK. Within a framework of institutionalization and institutional change, we examine how the strategic choices made by key actors, principally employers, confronted by market deregulation, EU enlargement and EU-level regulation, have affected the form and strength of collective regulation. We draw conclusions on the extent to which existing national institutional structures have been transferred to the industry, transformed or subjected to incremental change.
CD3 and CD20 co-expression in a case of canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma with prominent cardiac and peripheral nerve involvement
Authors: Nakagun Shotaro , Horiuchi Noriyuki , Watanabe Kenichi , Matsumoto Kotaro , Tagawa Michihito , Shimbo Genya , Kobayashi Yoshiyasu
Published: August 2018

An 8-y 9-mo-old male Pug dog was presented because of anorexia, hindlimb ataxia, vomiting, and progressive weight loss. Clinical examinations revealed atrophic hindlimb muscles with decreased postural reaction, enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and megaesophagus on radiograph, and reduced cardiac contractility on ultrasonography. The dog died 10 d after the initial examination, and an autopsy was performed. Grossly, the heart was enlarged, with multifocal-to-coalescing extensive plaque-like areas of discoloration on the epicardial surface. On cross-section, the ventricles were moderately dilated, and discoloration extended into the myocardium. Peripheral lymph nodes were of normal size. Histologically, atypical lymphoid cells replaced the myocardium and also extensively infiltrated peripheral nerve bundles in various organs. With immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity for CD3 and CD20, and were negative for CD8, granzyme B, CD79α, and Pax5. Double-label immunofluorescence confirmed co-expression of CD3 and CD20 by the neoplastic cells. Molecular clonality analysis presented a clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement. The case was diagnosed as a CD3+/CD20+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma with prominent cardiac and peripheral nerve involvement, indicating neurolymphomatosis.
Accountability of Business Improvement District in Urban Governance Networks: An Investigation of State Enabling Laws
Authors: Morçöl Göktuğ , Karagoz Turgay
Published: August 2018

A conceptual framework is proposed to investigate the accountability of business improvement district (BID) in urban governance networks and it is applied in analyses of BID state enabling laws in the United States. The conditions that lead to their emergence and the enhancement of their functions and how BIDs and their accountability issues should be conceptualized are discussed. The multidimensional framework proposed in this study includes political and bureaucratic accountability, transparency, liability, and responsiveness mechanisms. The results of the analyses show that the laws rely primarily on political and bureaucratic control mechanisms and provide some transparency mechanisms. The problems in implementing the bureaucratic and political control mechanisms are elaborated. The implications of the findings for future empirical studies are discussed.
Linking Management and Evaluation: Project Schedules as Program Models
Authors: Morell Jonathan A.
Published: August 2018

Project schedules are logic models that focus on the timing of program activities. Value derives from the fact that schedule changes are not random. Why they occur, and how long they last, can reveal information that would not be easily revealed with other approaches to evaluation. Also, using project schedules as logic models forges a strong link between evaluation and program management. This article addresses three questions: How do models function in research? What makes project schedules a form of logic model? and How can evaluation data be gleaned from schedules? When using implementation schedules as a logic model, two guidelines must be observed. First, data collection must take place at regular intervals rather than be synchronized to program activities. Second, contact with stakeholders must respect their time commitments. The methodology will be illustrated with a case example from evaluating a “Peer to Peer” program to minimize unsafe electronic device use.
Study on role of particle shape in erosion wear of austenitic steel using image processing analysis technique
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Satish , Mohapatra SK
Published: August 2018

Properties of flowing media (e.g. such as fly ash, bottom ash, coal, mineral tailings, sand slurries, etc.) play a crucial role in the service life of centrifugal slurry pump components. Generally, these solid particles vary in shape and size. In literature, a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate the influence of particle size and shape on erosion wear. Stainless steel (SS 316L) is the most commonly used material for the fabrication of slurry pump components namely, casing, impeller, shafts, and sealing columns. In the present study, the influence of particle type and circularity factor on erosion wear of austenitic steel has been studied. A slurry pot tester (Ducom TR-41) was used to perform the experiments that established the erosion wear of slurry pump austenitic steel under the influence of the parameters noted above. Abrasives used in the current study are fly ash, bottom ash, and sand. Surface smoothness, circularity factor, coefficient of variance, sphericity, and solidity of solid particles were also analyzed prior to performing the experiments. The circularity factor value and erosion wear rate hold a power law relationship. Three-dimensional surface plots were plotted to explain the underlying mechanism of erosion wear.
Implementation Science: Ensuring the Return on Our Research Investment
Authors: Morrato Elaine H.
Published: August 2018

Implementation is the use of strategies to adopt and integrate evidence-based health interventions and to change practice patterns. In their article, “Implementation—the missing link in the research translation pipeline,” Lynch et al1 report that only a small fraction of published stroke rehabilitation research in leading clinical journals evaluates the implementation of evidence-based interventions into health care practice. Their findings are a wake-up call. If we are to achieve the end goals of our research investment and improve population health, then we need to also ensure that the evidence we generate is translated into real-world use.
Path selection algorithm with minimal delay in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Lu Tianbo , Su Yifei , Wang Youwen , Zhang Xiaoyan , Meng Hao
Published: August 2018

With the rapid popularization and development of Internet, global researchers are increasingly paying more and more attention to anonymity and privacy security. Anonymous communication technology has gradually become people’s focus. Attacks against sensors may appear in different layers, so anonymity at network layer should therefore be envisioned. Tor, as one of the anonymous communication systems which implements multi-hop to protect user’s identity privacy on the Internet, is currently the most popular anonymous privacy solution, but the concept of Tor has not applied to wireless sensor networks. Therefore, in this article, we think the mix structure of Tor which is crucial to its anonymity can be applied to wireless sensor networks; what’s more, an improved path selecting algorithm according to round trip time we propose can boost some degree of performance. First, we make a summary of current typical path selection algorithms and analyze the performance and anonymity problems of these algorithms in network congestion. Then, in order to improve the performance of the algorithm in congestion, a routing improvement scheme based on round trip time is proposed.
Cryptanalysis of ultralightweight mutual authentication protocol for radio frequency identification enabled Internet of Things networks
Authors: Khalid Madiha , Mujahid Umar , Najam-ul-Islam Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Internet of Things is one of the most important components of modern technological systems. It allows the real time synchronization and connectivity of devices with each other and with the rest of the world. The radio frequency identification system is used as node identification mechanism in the Internet of Thing networks. Since Internet of Things involve wireless channel for communication that is open for all types of malicious adversaries, therefore many security protocols have been proposed to ensure encryption over wireless channel. To reduce the overall cost of radio frequency identification enabled Internet of Thing network security, the researchers use simple bitwise logical operations such as XOR, AND, OR, and Rot and have proposed many ultralightweight mutual authentication protocols. However, almost all the previously proposed protocols were later found to be vulnerable against several attack models. Recently, a new ultralightweight mutual authentication protocol has been proposed which involves only XOR and Rotation functions in its design and claimed to be robust against all possible attack models. In this article, we have performed cryptanalysis of this recently proposed ultralightweight mutual authentication protocol and found many pitfalls and vulnerabilities in the protocol design. We have exploited weak structure of the protocol messages and proposed three attacks against the said protocol: one desynchronization and two full disclosure attacks.
Performance, place and screen
Authors: McNaughton Douglas
Published: August 2018

Screen performance is characterised by the interaction of performance, place and screen, but has suffered from critical neglect. Most accounts of this collaborative process focus on the performer in front of the camera rather than on the activities going on behind it. This article examines how performance is shaped within the BBC’s Outside Broadcast (OB) drama production paradigm of the 1970s and 1980s. The interactions of performers and camera operators combine to construct on-screen performance, since the generation of the screen frame necessarily ‘frames’ performance both literally and figuratively. Camera operators therefore offer ‘invisible’ performance through their manipulation of the frame and the choreography of their interactions with actors. The article’s key case study is The Mayor of Casterbridge (1978) , the BBC’s first drama serial to be made entirely on location on OB videotape, and also considers OB production on Boys from the Blackstuff (BBC 1982) .
Directing actors in continuing drama
Authors: Cantrell Tom
Published: August 2018

This article examines how three directors approach working with actors in one of the most exacting creative contexts – long-running television. Via new interviews with three directors of the flagship BBC continuing drama, EastEnders (1985–), this article explores their approaches in the context of the time constraints in production which preclude rehearsal and where directors and actors alike must work with great speed and precision. The three directors interviewed, Sophie Lifschutz, Kate Saxon and Rebecca Gatward, all trained in and have significant experience of theatre. This article thus explores the elements of their theatre training and experience that translated to their television work with actors, elements that required remodelling, and what was completely new to them and thus can be classified as medium specific. ‘Emotional action’ and ‘physical action’ emerge as key terms in the directors’ work, and the article explores how these directors worked to afford the actor creative space within such a formidable shooting schedule. With reference to Stanislavski’s writing on the ‘Method of Physical Action’ and the theatre technique of ‘actioning’, this article brings to light the hidden processes of television direction and locates the directors’ approach to working with actors as a creative labour which is a significant meaning-making component in continuing drama.
Phil Davis
Authors: Cassidy Gary , Knox Simone
Published: August 2018

Phil Davis has had a distinguished career, receiving widespread acclaim for his ‘invisible’ acting. This article illuminates Davis’ approach to acting via a transcribed interview conducted at the ‘Acting on Television’ symposium at the University of Reading in 2016. This material is framed by a contextualising introduction that proposes that John Flaus’ concept of lamprotes is useful for understanding Davis’ acting. The interview is structured by four case studies exploring Davis’ work across a range of medium/genre contexts: feature film Vera Drake, docudrama The Curse of Steptoe, drama serial adaptation Bleak House and crime drama Sherlock.
A Case of Magnusiomyces capitatus Peritonitis Without Underlying Malignancies
Authors: D’Assumpcao Carlos , Lee Benson , Heidari Arash
Published: August 2018

Magnusiomyces capitatus is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, mainly seen in hematological malignancies. M capitatus infections are extremely rare in immunocompetent patients, as it is part of normal human microbial flora. We are presenting an extremely rare case of M capitatus peritonitis in an otherwise immunocompetent patient who suffered from gastrointestinal leakage due to pancreatitis. Fungal identification was performed at reference laboratory by phenotypic characteristics and DNA sequencing of target internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene and the D1-D2 domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene and susceptibility testing by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (document M27-S4) broth dilution method. He was successfully treated with a combination of surgical repair and voriconazole single therapy.
Client or Volunteer? Understanding Neoliberalism and Neocolonialism Within International Volunteer Health Work
Authors: St-Amant Oona , Ward-Griffin Catherine , Berman Helene , Vainio-Mattila Arja
Published: August 2018

As international volunteer health work increases globally, research pertaining to the social organizations that coordinate the volunteer experience in the Global South has severely lagged. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to critically examine the social organizations within Canadian NGOs in the provision of health work in Tanzania. Multiple, concurrent data collection methods, including text analysis, participant observation and in-depth interviews were utilized. Data collection occurred in Tanzania and Canada. Neoliberalism and neocolonialism were pervasive in international volunteer health work. In this study, the social relations—“volunteer as client,” “experience as commodity,” and “free market evaluation”—coordinated the volunteer experience, whereby the volunteers became “the client” over the local community and resulting in an asymmetrical relationship. These findings illuminate the need to generate additional awareness and response related to social inequities embedded in international volunteer health work.
Social Equality: Cognitive Modeling Based on Emotional Coherence Explains Attitude Change
Authors: Thagard Paul
Published: August 2018

Why do people have conflicting views of equality concerning the distribution of income, wealth, and satisfaction of vital needs? How do people form and sometimes change their views of equality and related issues, such as gender identity? Answers to such questions can benefit from cognitive science—the interdisciplinary field that includes neuroscience and computer modeling as well as psychology. According to principles of emotional coherence, attitudes develop and change because of connections among the values attached to systems of concepts, beliefs, and goals. People attach a positive value to concepts such as equality, if the concept fits with other positive concepts such as human needs, and opposes negative concepts such as poverty. Emotional coherence balances positive and negative values to yield an overall conclusion. Computer models based on emotional coherence explain people’s differing attitudes about equality and issues such as transgender rights. They also model how people sometimes change their minds.
How We Remember Conversation: Implications in Legal Settings
Authors: Brown-Schmidt Sarah , Benjamin Aaron S.
Published: August 2018

Memory for the content of our conversations reflects two partially conflicting demands. First, to be an effective participant in a conversation, we use our memory to follow its trajectory, to keep track of unresolved details, and to model the intentions and knowledge states of our partners. Second, to effectively remember a conversation, we need to recall the gist of what was said, by whom, and in what context. These two sets of demands are often different in their content and character. In this article, we review what is known about distant memory for conversations, focusing on issues that have particular relevance for legal contexts. We highlight evidence likely to be of importance in legal contexts, including estimates of how much information can be recalled, the quantity and types of errors that are likely to be made, and the situational factors that shape memory for conversation. The biases we see in distant memory for a conversation reflect in part the interplay of the conflicting demands that conversation places upon us.
Complete Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus After Prolonged Sevoflurane Sedation: A Case Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Cabibel Rodolphe , Gerard Ludovic , Maiter Dominique , Collin Vincent , Hantson Philippe
Published: August 2018

Volatile anesthetic agents, such as sevoflurane, are increasingly used for long-term sedation in intensive care units worldwide, with improved clinical outcomes reported in recent studies due to favorable pharmacological properties. Despite possible renal toxicity related to the production of plasma inorganic fluoride and concerns related to reversible impairment of renal concentrating abilities, renal injury associated with sevoflurane sedation has rarely been reported in the intensive care unit setting. We hereby report 3 cases of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with prolonged sevoflurane sedation using the AnaConDa device and review the possible mechanisms of renal toxicity.
The budding yeast Pex5p receptor directs Fox2p and Cta1p into peroxisomes via its N-terminal region near the FxxxW domain
Authors: Rymer Łukasz , Kempiński Błażej , Chełstowska Anna , Skoneczny Marek
Published: August 2018

The import of most of peroxisomal proteins into the lumen of their target organelle is driven by C-terminal (PTS1) or N-terminal (PTS2) signals recognized by the Pex5p or Pex7p receptors, respectively. However, some proteins in budding yeast, such as acyl-CoA oxidase (AOx) and carnitine acetyltransferase (Cat2p), are imported into peroxisomes via an alternative route that does not rely on known PTS signals and involves the Pex5p receptor N-terminal region. Here, we show that two other budding yeast peroxisomal proteins, a multifunctional enzyme from the β-oxidation pathway (Fox2p) and catalase A (Cta1p), both of which contain PTS1, can be imported independently of this signal. The I264K amino acid substitution in Pex5p adjacent to its FxxxW diaromatic motif, previously shown to abolish the import of AOx and Cat2p into peroxisomes, also affects Fox2p and Cta1p import. Moreover, we demonstrate that Pex9p, a newly discovered paralog of Pex5p that was recently implicated in the import of malate synthases in budding yeast, also exhibits weak receptor activity towards Fox2p and Cta1p. These findings indicate the need to re-evaluate the peroxisomal import paradigm.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Extreme nuclear branching in healthy epidermal cells of the Xenopus tail fin
Authors: Arbach Hannah E. , Harland-Dunaway Marcus , Chang Jessica K. , Wills Andrea E.
Published: August 2018

Changes in nuclear morphology contribute to the regulation of complex cell properties, including differentiation and tissue elasticity. Perturbations of nuclear morphology are associated with pathologies that include progeria, cancer and muscular dystrophy. The mechanisms governing nuclear shape changes in healthy cells remain poorly understood, partially because there are few models of nuclear shape variation in healthy cells. Here, we introduce nuclear branching in epidermal fin cells of Xenopus tropicalis as a model for extreme variation of nuclear morphology in a diverse population of healthy cells. We found that nuclear branching arises within these cells and becomes more elaborate during embryonic development. These cells contain broadly distributed marks of transcriptionally active chromatin and heterochromatin, and have active cell cycles. We found that nuclear branches are disrupted by loss of filamentous actin and depend on epidermal expression of the nuclear lamina protein Lamin B1. Inhibition of nuclear branching disrupts fin morphology, suggesting that nuclear branching may be involved in fin development. This study introduces the nuclei of the Xenopus fin as a powerful new model for extreme nuclear morphology in healthy cells to complement studies of nuclear shape variation in pathological contexts.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Compensatory increases of select proteostasis networks after Hsp70 inhibition in cancer cells
Authors: Sannino Sara , Guerriero Christopher J. , Sabnis Amit J. , Stolz Donna Beer , Wallace Callen T. , Wipf Peter , Watkins Simon C. , Bivona Trever G. , Brodsky Jeffrey L.
Published: August 2018

Cancer cells thrive when challenged with proteotoxic stress by inducing components of the protein folding, proteasome, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Consequently, specific molecular chaperones have been validated as targets for anti-cancer therapies. For example, inhibition of Hsp70 family proteins (hereafter Hsp70) in rhabdomyosarcoma triggers UPR induction and apoptosis. To define how these cancer cells respond to compromised proteostasis, we compared rhabdomyosarcoma cells that were sensitive (RMS13) or resistant (RMS13-R) to the Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy were activated in RMS13-R cells, suggesting that resistant cells overcome Hsp70 ablation by increasing misfolded protein degradation. Indeed, RMS13-R cells degraded ERAD substrates more rapidly than RMS cells and induced the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, inhibition of the proteasome or ERAD had no effect on RMS13-R cell survival, but silencing of select autophagy components or treatment with autophagy inhibitors restored MAL3-101 sensitivity and led to apoptosis. These data indicate a route through which cancer cells overcome a chaperone-based therapy, define how cells can adapt to Hsp70 inhibition, and demonstrate the value of combined chaperone and autophagy-based therapies.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
LRRC45 contributes to early steps of axoneme extension
Authors: Kurtulmus Bahtiyar , Yuan Cheng , Schuy Jakob , Neuner Annett , Hata Shoji , Kalamakis Georgios , Martin-Villalba Ana , Pereira Gislene
Published: August 2018

Cilia perform essential signalling functions during development and tissue homeostasis. A key event in ciliogenesis occurs when the distal appendages of the mother centriole form a platform that docks ciliary vesicles and removes CP110-Cep97 inhibitory complexes. Here, we analysed the role of LRRC45 in appendage formation and ciliogenesis. We show that the core appendage proteins Cep83 and SCLT1 recruit LRRC45 to the mother centriole. Once there, LRRC45 recruits the keratin-binding protein FBF1. The association of LRRC45 with the basal body of primary and motile cilia in both differentiated and stem cells reveals a broad function in ciliogenesis. In contrast to the appendage components Cep164 and Cep123, LRRC45 was not essential for either docking of early ciliary vesicles or for removal of CP110. Rather, LRRC45 promotes cilia biogenesis in CP110-uncapped centrioles by organising centriolar satellites, establishing the transition zone and promoting the docking of Rab8 GTPase-positive vesicles. We propose that, instead of acting solely as a platform to recruit early vesicles, centriole appendages form discrete scaffolds of cooperating proteins that execute specific functions that promote the initial steps of ciliogenesis.
A blind spot? Confronting the stigma of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection - A systematic review
Authors: Mokaya Jolynne , McNaughton Anna L , Burbridge Lela , Maponga Tongai , O'Hara Geraldine , Andersson Monique , Seeley Janet , Matthews Philippa C
Published: August 2018

Background: Stigma, poverty, and lack of knowledge present barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection, especially in resource-limited settings. Chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is frequently asymptomatic, but accounts for a substantial long-term burden of morbidity and mortality. In order to improve the success of diagnostic, treatment and preventive strategies, it is important to recognise, investigate and tackle stigma. We set out to assimilate evidence for the nature and impact of stigma associated with HBV infection, and to suggest ways to tackle this challenge.

Methods: We carried out a literature search in PubMed using the search terms ‘hepatitis B’, ‘stigma’ to identify relevant papers published between 2007 and 2017 (inclusive), with a particular focus on Africa.

Results: We identified a total of 32 articles, of which only two studies were conducted in Africa. Lack of knowledge of HBV was consistently identified, and in some settings there was no local word to describe HBV infection. There were misconceptions about HBV infection, transmission and treatment. Healthcare workers provided inaccurate information to individuals diagnosed with HBV, and poor understanding resulted in lack of preventive measures. Stigma negatively impacted on help-seeking, screening, disclosure, prevention of transmission, and adherence to treatment, and had potential negative impacts on mental health, wellbeing, employment and relationships.

Conclusion: Stigma is a potentially major barrier to the successful implementation of preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for HBV infection, and yet we highlight a ‘blind spot’, representing a lack of data and limited recognition of this challenge. There is a need for more research in this area, to identify and evaluate interventions that can be used effectively to tackle stigma, and to inform collaborative efforts between patients, clinical services, policy makers, traditional healers, religious leaders, charity organisations and support groups.
State regulation of socially-oriented non-profit organizations
Authors: Барков Алексей , Barkov Aleksey , Ручкина Гульнара , Ruchkina Gul'nara , Демченко Максим , Demchenko Maksim , Ромашкова Ирина , Romashkova Irina , Зворыкина Татьяна , Zvorykina Tatyana , Рыльская Марина , Ryl'skaya Marina , Сигалов Константин , Sigalov Konstantin , Белик Валерий , Belik Valeriy , Венгеровский Евгений , Vengerovskiy Evgeniy
Published: August 2018

The questions of functioning of socially oriented non-profit organizations in modern economic conditions are considered. Proposals for state support of attracting extra-budgetary funds to support the SONO with the help of mechanisms to stimulate public-private partnership, volunteering, charity are substantiated. The analysis and formulated specific proposals for the development of the Institute of socially oriented NGOs in the field of health, education and culture. The work has prepared a number of proposals and practical recommendations for the Executive authorities.
Overlaying structure and frames in policy networks to enable effective boundary spanning
Authors: Leeuw Evelyne de , Browne Jennifer , Gleeson Deborah
Published: August 2018

The literature on the evidence-policy nexus has been dominated in recent years by technocratic approaches such as ‘knowledge translation’. Attention is beginning to return, however, to political science for its insights into the distribution of power, which are key to understanding how policy is made, particularly in the health sphere. Policy network theory, which suggests that policy outcomes are shaped by the interactions between actors in a network, points to the configuration of networks as an important focus of study. However, policy outcomes also depend on the agency of the actors themselves; actors who use language to frame issues in certain ways in order to create change. While ‘policy networks’ and ‘policy frames’ have each received attention, there is a need for analytical tools which allow us to examine the interaction between network structure and frames. The paper describes a novel approach to aligning network structure and frames, which we tested using a single policy case study analysing submissions to a specific policy process. Overlaying policy frames with a network map, we were able to identify ‘boundary spanners’ who could connect the agendas of different parts of the network. We explain our analytic approach and the technical tools available to support it, and encourage researchers interested in the interface between evidence and policy to build on this approach.
Script development as a ‘wicked problem’
Authors: Batty Craig , O’Meara Radha , Taylor Stayci , Joyce Hester , Burne Philippa , Maloney Noel , Poole Mark , Tofler Marilyn
Published: August 2018

Both a process and a set of products, influenced by policy as well as people, and incorporating objective agendas at the same time as subjective experiences, script development is a core practice within the screen industry – yet one that is hard to pin down and, to some extent, define. From an academic research perspective, we might say that script development is a ‘wicked problem’ precisely because of these complex and often contradictory aspects. Following on from a recent Journal of Screenwriting special issue on script development (2017, vol. 8:3), and in particular an article therein dedicated to reviewing the literature and ‘defining the field’, an expanded team of researchers follow up on those ideas and insights. In this article, then, we attempt to theorize script development as a ‘wicked problem’ that spans a range of themes and disciplines. As a ‘wicked’ team of authors, our expertise encompasses screenwriting theory, screenwriting practice, film and television studies, cultural policy, ethnography, gender studies and comedy. By drawing on these critical domains and creative practices, we present a series of interconnected themes that we hope not only suggests the potential for script development as a rich and exciting scholarly pursuit, but that also inspires and encourages other researchers to join forces in an attempt to solve the script development ‘puzzle’.