bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waiting for the sun: The circannual program of reindeer is delayed by the recurrence of rhythmical melatonin secretion after the arctic night
Authors: Hazlerigg David , Blix Arnoldus Schytte , Stokkan Karl-Arne
Published: September 2017

At temperate latitudes, the annual cycle of day length synchronizes circannual rhythms, and, in mammals, this is mediated via nocturnal production of the pineal hormone melatonin, proportional to the length of the night. Here, we studied circannual synchronization in an arctic species, the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), which ceases to produce a rhythmic melatonin signal when it is exposed to extended periods of continuous midwinter darkness, and continuous midsummer light. Using food intake, antler growth and moult as endpoints, we demonstrate that when animals living at 70°N are transferred from natural photoperiods in late autumn to either continuous light or continuous darkness, they undergo a conspicuous acceleration of the circannual program. We conclude that rhythmical melatonin secretion, recommencing when the sun reappears late in January, is required for proper timing of spring physiological responses, through a delaying effect on the circannual programme set in motion during the preceding autumn.
Yeast Prp2 liberates the 5′ splice site and the branch site adenosine for catalysis of pre-mRNA splicing
Authors: Bao Penghui , Höbartner Claudia , Hartmuth Klaus , Lührmann Reinhard
Published: September 2017

The RNA helicase Prp2 facilitates the remodeling of the spliceosomal Bact complex to the catalytically activated B* complex just before step one of splicing. As a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of the B* complex is currently lacking, the precise spliceosome remodeling events mediated by Prp2 remain poorly understood. To investigate the latter, we used chemical structure probing to compare the RNA structure of purified yeast Bact and B* complexes. Our studies reveal deviations from conventional RNA helices in the functionally important U6 snRNA internal stem–loop and U2/U6 helix Ib in the activated Bact complex, and to a lesser extent in B*. Interestingly, the N7 of U6–G60 of the catalytic triad becomes accessible to DMS modification in the B* complex, suggesting that the Hoogsteen interaction with U6–A52 is destabilized in B*. Our data show that Prp2 action does not unwind double-stranded RNA, but enhances the flexibility of the first step reactants, the pre-mRNA's 5′ splice site and branch site adenosine. Prp2 therefore appears to act primarily as an RNPase to achieve catalytic activation by liberating the first step reactants in preparation for catalysis of the first step of splicing.
Recovered memories in clinical practice – a research review
Authors: Ulatowska Joanna , Sawicka Maryla
Published: September 2017

Problem odzyskanych wspomnień dotyczy nie tylko psychiatrii, psychologii czy psychoterapii - jest to także znacząca kwestia prawna i sądownicza. Między klinicystami, naukowcami oraz prawnikami istnieje nierozstrzygnięty spór dotyczący wiarygodności odzyskanych wspomnień, określany w literaturze „wojną o pamięć”. Krytyce poddawana jest wiarygodność tych wspomnień, które były odzyskiwane z użyciem specyficznych technik terapeutycznych czy poradników służących temu celowi. Opisywane w literaturze przypadki odzyskanych wspomnień dotyczyły m.in. molestowania seksualnego, które miało miejsce w dzieciństwie. Jednak w wyniku śledztw często okazywało się, że takie wydarzenia nigdy nie miały miejsca. Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na kluczowe pytania związane z tym zagadnieniem: Czy jest możliwe niepamiętanie wydarzeń traumatycznych? Czy i w jakich warunkach można zaszczepić wspomnienie autobiograficzne? Czy można stworzyć listę metod terapeutycznych, które sprzyjają wytwarzaniu fałszywych wspomnień? Jak może wyglądać portret pacjenta szczególnie podatnego na zaszczepianie nieistniejących zdarzeń? Odpowiedzi na te pytania będą stanowiły podstawę rozważań nad stworzeniem warunków sprzyjających pracy terapeutycznej i minimalizujących błędy wynikające z zagrożenia zaszczepiania nieistniejących wspomnień.
The effects of short-term group psychodynamic psychotherapy on the personality traits of patients treated in a day ward
Authors: Sieradzki Adrian , Szechiński Marcin , Małyszczak Krzysztof
Published: September 2017

Cel pracy

Doniesienia z ostatnich lat wskazują na rolę neurotyzmu i ekstrawersji w rozwoju zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych. Celem badań była ocena wpływu krótkoterminowej grupowej psychoterapii psychodynamicznej (KGPP) na zachowanie się cech osobowości w populacji osób z zaburzeniami nerwicowymi i osobowości w warunkach oddziału dziennego leczenia nerwic (ODLN).

Metoda

Do badania zakwalifikowano 139 osób z zaburzeniami lękowymi i osobowości, z których 110 uczestniczyło w pomiarach kontrolnych. Wymiary osobowości (neurotyzm, ekstrawersja, psychotyzm, kłamstwo) oceniano na podstawie zaadaptowanej do warunków polskich wersji kwestionariusza osobowości Eysencka (EPQ). Pomiary przeprowadzano w dwóch punktach czasowych: (1) przed leczeniem, (2) po 12 tygodniach terapii.

Wyniki

Wyniki: W grupie osób z zaburzeniami nerwicowymi poziom neurotyzmu, ekstrawersji, psychotyzmu i kłamstwa nie uległ istotnym zmianom w czasie terapii. W grupie osób z zaburzeniami osobowości poziom neurotyzmu uległ istotnej redukcji (p=0,0008), natomiast poziom ekstrawersji uległ zwiększeniu (p=0,037). Wartości cech psychotyzmu i kłamstwa nie uległy znaczącym zmianom w toku psychoterapii w żadnej z grup pacjentów.

Wnioski

Dynamika zmian neurotyzmu i ekstrawersji pod wpływem krótkoterminowej grupowej psychoterapii psychodynamicznej w warunkach ODLN wydaje się istotnym markerem oceny efektywności procesu leczenia dla osób cierpiących na zaburzenia osobowości. W grupie osób z zaburzeniami lękowymi pojawia się potrzeba opracowania bardziej precyzyjnych parametrów oceny zdrowienia.
Expressividade emocional da criança e expressividade emocional atribuída às personagens nas narrativas das crianças maltratadas e não maltratadas
Authors: Sousa Mariana Lopes de , Cruz Orlanda Rodrigues
Published: September 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a expressividade emocional, nas narrativas das crianças maltratadas e não maltratadas. Participaram, nesta investigação, 100 crianças, entre os 5 e os 8 anos. Destas, 50 sofreram experiências de mau-trato e encontravam-se institucionalizadas, enquanto as restantes 50 não sofreram mau-trato e viviam com a família biológica. Foi apresentado às crianças um conjunto de seis inícios de histórias, que lhes era pedido para completar. A intensidade da expressividade emocional da criança e da expressividade atribuída às personagens, bem como a coerência entre ambas, foi analisada com base no Sistema para Codificar as Emoções na Attachment Story Completation Task. Foram, também, avaliadas a competência cognitiva verbal e não-verbal das crianças. Não foi observado um efeito do mau-trato na expressividade emocional, mas foi observado um efeito estatisticamente significativo da competência cognitiva não-verbal na expressividade emocional negativa da criança. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a existência de semelhanças entre os dois grupos de crianças e enfatizam a importância de as intervenções dirigidas à promoção da competência emocional incluírem o treino da competência cognitiva.
The Struggle for Shelter: Class Conflict and Public Housing in Britain
Authors: Matthews David
Published: September 2017

Class conflict, from both below and above, has long shaped the history of housing in Britain. These struggles continue today, as the ravages of neoliberalism have forced public housing once again onto the agenda in the United Kingdom.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Rectangular Gusset Plate Behaviour in Cold-Formed I-Type Steel Connections
Authors: Bučmys Ž. , Daniūnas A.
Published: September 2017

Cold-formed structure connections utilizing gusset plates are usually semi-rigid. This paper investigates the behaviours of rectangular gusset plates in cold-formed connections of elements whose columns and beams are made with lipped back-to-back C-sections. Methods of calculating strength and stiffness are necessary for such semi-rigid joints. The main task of this paper is to determine a method capable of calculating these characteristics. The proposed analytical method could then be easily adapted to the component method that is described in part 1993-1-8 of the Eurocode. This method allows us to calculate both the strength and stiffness of rectangular gusset plates, assuming that the joint deforms only in plane. This method of design moment resistance calculation was presented taking into account that an entire cross-section shall reach its yield stress. A technique of stiffness calculation was presented investigating the sum of deformations acquired at the bending moment and from shear forces which are transmitted from each beam bolt group. Calculation results according to the suggested method show good agreement of laboratory experimental results of specimens with numerical simulations. Two specimens of beam-to-column connections were tested in the laboratory. Lateral supports were used on the specimens to prevent lateral displacements in order to better investigate the behaviour of the rectangular gusset plate in plane. Experiments were simulated by modelling rectangular gusset plates using standard finite element software ANSYS Workbench 14.0. Three-dimensional solid elements were used for modelling and both geometric and material nonlinear analysis was performed.
Quantitative Assessment of Construction Risk
Authors: Kasprowicz T.
Published: September 2017

Construction risk assessment is the final and decisive stage of risk analysis. When highly changeable conditions of works execution are predicted, risk should be evaluated in the favorable, moderate, and difficult random conditions of construction. Given the random conditions, the schedule and cost estimate of the construction are developed. Based on these values, the risk of final deadline delay and the risk of total cost increase of construction completion are calculated. Next, the charts of the risks are elaborated. Risk changes are shown in the charts and are analyzed in the range [1, 0].
Bond Between Steel and Self-Compacting Concrete in Composite Tube Columns
Authors: Szadkowska M. , Szmigiera E.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents research results of composite tubes filled with self-compacting concrete. The impact of the selected materials and geometric factors on resistance to the vertical shear was evaluated in this study. The resistance of the tested members was compared with recommendations given in Eurocode PN-EN 1994-1-1. From the results obtained in the tests it can be deduced that more parameters should be taken into consideration when determining resistance to the vertical shear in the interface between steel and concrete than PN-EN 1994- 1-1 recommends.
Expert Cause and Effect Analysis of the Failure of Historical Structures Taking Into Account Factors That are Difficult to Measure
Authors: Śladowski G. , Paruch R.
Published: September 2017

The protection of Polish architectural heritage in the former eastern borderlands, accomplished through the conservation and technical securing of historical structures, constitutes one of the main programmes that are implemented by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Currently, many Polish historical buildings in the former eastern borderlands are in a very bad technical condition. The load-bearing systems of these elements, as well as elements of their finish, require immediate emergency securing work. The basic steps that precede conservation work are emergency structural works, which guarantee the durability and stability of the entire historical substance. The specifics and complexity of the problem of the failure of historical buildings often demands an in-depth analysis of a series of factors that are difficult to measure and which are responsible for the cause and effect relationship during the early stage of the technical evaluation of a structure. The analyses of failures of numerous historical structures, for instance that were carried out by the authors, have become the inspiration for the search for effective methods of analysis that would allow for an in-depth analysis of the causes and effects of the failures in question. The DEMATEL method (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) that has been presented in this work, and its fuzzy extension, has lately become one of the more popular methods used in the cause-and-effect analysis of various phenomena. The authors demonstrated how this method works on the example of the evaluation and securing of the load-bearing system of the XVII Collegiate church of the Holy Trinity in the town of Olykha in the Volhynskiy Oblast, Ukraine.
Some Invariant Properties of Quasi-Möbius Maps
Authors: Heer Loreno
Published: September 2017

We investigate properties which remain invariant under the action of quasi-Möbius maps of quasimetric spaces. A metric space is called doubling with constant D if every ball of finite radius can be covered by at most D balls of half the radius. It is shown that the doubling property is an invariant property for (quasi-)Möbius maps. Additionally it is shown that the property of uniform disconnectedness is an invariant for (quasi-)Möbius maps as well.
A Diffusion Equation with a Variable Reaction Order
Authors: García-Melián Jorge , Rossi Julio D. , Sabina de Lis José C.
Published: September 2017

This paper deals with the problem

{

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

λ
⁢

u

q
⁢

(
x
)

,

x

∈
Ω

,

u

=
0

,

x

∈

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-\Delta u&\displaystyle=\lambda u^{q(x)},&% \hskip 10.0ptx&\displaystyle\in\Omega,\\ \displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0,&\hskip 10.0ptx&\displaystyle\in\partial\Omega% ,\end{aligned}\right.

where

Ω
⊂

ℝ
N

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}

is a bounded smooth domain,

λ
>
0

{\lambda>0}

is a parameter and the reaction order

q
⁢

(
x
)

{q(x)}

is a Hölder continuous positive function satisfying

q
⁢

(
x
)

>
1

{q(x)>1}

for all

x
∈
Ω

{x\in\Omega}

. The relevant feature here is that q is assumed to achieve the value one on

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

. By assuming that q is subcritical, our main result states the existence of a positive solution for all

λ
>
0

{\lambda>0}

. We also study its asymptotic behavior as

λ
→
0

{\lambda\to 0}

and as

λ
→
∞

{\lambda\to\infty}

. It should be noticed that the fact that

q
=
1

{q=1}

somewhere in

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

gives rise to serious difficulties when looking for critical points of the functional associated with the problem above. This work is a continuation of [13] where q is assumed to take values both greater and smaller than one in Ω, but is constrained to satisfy

q
⁢

(
x
)

>
1

{q(x)>1}

on

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

.
Characteristics of sleep disorders in Romanian adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Arbune Manuela , Dumitru Irina-Magdalena , Cretu-Stuparu Mariana
Published: September 2017

Sleep disorders commonly occur in chronic diseases and are a great impairment on the quality of life. The current study aims to characterize the sleep problems of a group of Romanian HIV positive patients. A cross sectional study assessed sleep disorders by a series of self-report questionnaires: STOP-BANG, Epworth Sleep Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Demographic data, antiretroviral therapy, Lymphocytes CD4 levels were collected from medical records. Exclusion criteria were illiteracy, severe neurocognitive dysfunction and depression. We included 102 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, age between 22 and 50, sex ratio M/F=1.17. Reported conditions related to sleep disorders were: smoking (50%), hypertension (18%), obesity (6%) and snoring (7%). The STOP-BANG scale indicated 19% intermediate risk and 2% high risk of sleep apnea. According to Epworth score, daytime sleepiness was found in 18% of patients, 2% of them were dangerously sleepy. The average global score of Pittsburg Sleep Questionnaire is indicative of poor sleep quality in 42% cases. No correlation of sleep scores with antiretroviral regimens was found. Sleep problems with negative impact on daily functioning are frequent under age 50, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. The management of chronic co-morbidities and psychological support should improve sleep disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus.
Direct odontal restoration with pre-fabricated screw metal post-case report
Authors: Perlea Paula , Gheorghiu Irina-Maria , Ciolan C. G. , Mitran Loredana , Scarlatescu Sanziana , Margarit Ruxandra , Mitran M.
Published: September 2017

We are very often confronted in dental daily practice with the clinical situations where important loss of hard dental structure is present and direct restoration is required. In these cases, armed odontal direct restauration can be performed, using additional retention systems. The restoration of the coronal part in non-vital teeth has certain specific aspects and one of the most used endodontic anchorage is the metal threaded prefabricated posts. Current techniques and materials allow the dentist to fulfill all the clinical requirements, in terms of resistance to occlusal stress and the esthetic aspect of the restoration.
Formation, trajectory and distribution variants of the median nerve of the fetus
Authors: Tudorache I. S. , Bordei P. , Iliescu D. M.
Published: September 2017

Our study was performed by dissection on a number of 54 nervous trunks of the median nerve of the fetus. We found that the median nerve is always formed from two roots, their joining being at different levels of the upper limb, between the axilla and the elbow. The axilla nerve trunk was formed at the level of the axillary region, in 38.89% of the cases, in 22.22% of the cases the union was made at the middle part of the arm, and in 38.89% of the cases in the elbow. The lateral root of the medial nerve was formed in 55.56% of cases from a single nerve fascicle, in 44.44% of cases consisting of two nerve fascicles. The medial root was formed in 61.11% of cases from a single nerve fascicle, in 38.89% of the cases being made up of two nerve fascicles. In 27.78% of cases, the medial root passed behind the axillary artery. Regarding the volume of the two roots, we found that in 44.44% of the cases, the lateral root was more voluminous, in 27.78% of cases, the median root was larger and in 27.78% of cases, the two roots were approximately equal. We have encountered situations where a ramification for the forearms muscles emerged from the lateral root. Occasionally, a ram for the brachial muscle was detached from the medial root, and from the lateral root a ram for the biceps muscle, both muscles receiving branches also from the musculocutaneous nerve. We have encountered a single case where the median nerve inches the anterior muscles of the arm, missing the musculocutaneous nerve. In cases of low joining of the roots, we have encountered cases where a lateral root formed a ram for forearm muscles. The anastomoses between the two median nerve roots can sometimes be located just above their union or anterior to the lower portion of the axillary artery. In one case, we encountered between the two roots, above their union, the existence of three oblique anastomoses, the two upper ones from the lateral to the medial root, and the third from the medial root to the lateral root. Common are anastomoses between the roots of the roots and the root on the opposite side. The most common are the anastomosis between the medial fascicle of the lateral root and the medial root of the median nerve. In one case, we encountered a double overlap between the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral nerve root. In one case, we encountered a strong anastomosis between the medial nerve fascicle of the medial root and the radial nerve. Common and at all levels of the upper limb are the anastomoses between the median and ulnar nerves. In the case of a low union of the two median roots, we encountered anastomoses between a root of the root and the ulnar nerve, or between a root and the ulnar nerve. I encountered a single case with an anastomosis, Martin- Gruber, which was previously passing through the ulnar and interos-like arteries and from which the anterior forearm muscles were detached.
Everyday Family Experience: A Child’s Home Preparation for School
Authors: Majerčíková Jana , Puhrová Barbora Petrů
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The family life of a child of compulsory school age is influenced by the way that a child’s educational career is discussed and practically supported. This is transmitted into normal family life through the completion of the child’s homework and any other school-related responsibilities. The parent is considered an actor who contributes significantly to the supervision of the child’s homework. Methods: This research project explored how parents and children describe their experience of homework through semi-structured interviews with elementary school pupils and their parents. The results are presented in our study. Seven, mostly university-educated parents and six pupils were interviewed at the start of compulsory schooling, when the bonds and interaction are the most intensive between parents and children in the context of homework. The transcribed interviews were analysed using the technique of open coding. Codes identified were repeatedly read, reviewed and subsequently grouped into categories with the aim of description and explanation. Results: The survey revealed that the completion of homework in the parent - child interaction is an implicit part of everyday family life. Homework and advance home preparation are considered to be the responsibility of the parent as well as the child, on the other hand, the home preparation is also time-consuming and gendermarked. Limitations: The limitations of the study relate primarily to the construction of the research sample. The intentional sample of parents was determined by socioeconomic status and quantity and also by the parents’ willingness to share their parenting experience, and for the child by the extent of data gathered. In further research, this will be supported by observation in the home setting. Conclusions: The research findings contribute to a description of the child’s life in the family and confirm the importance of inevitable parental participation in their educational socialization at the beginning of compulsory school attendance.
Grading of Pupils in History: One-Year Research in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vomáčková Helena
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The aim of the research was to point to a wide range of factors of the pupils’ grading in History classes and to find out if this grading on the given sample corresponds with the context of the independently selected variables: pupils’ weight, inclination to the Socratic type of values, type of family, and parents’ education. Methods: A sample of 1819 7th grade pupils was made up of the pupils of randomly addressed primary schools willing to cooperate. In the course of one school year, a questionnaire survey was carried out on this sample: each of the 14 regions of the Czech Republic was represented by 5 to 9% of the respondents. Data were evaluated at a 5% level of significance by means of the Chi-squared test. Results: In all the monitored cases, a statistically significant link was demonstrated between the dependent variable (pupils’ grading) and independent variables, i.e. the results in History have a wide-spectrum effect. Discussion: The research findings correspond with the results obtained by other scholars, and external factors (independent variables) significantly affect the pupils’ school success regardless of their mental and intellectual dispositions. Limitations: School success is simply monitored through numerical grading of pupils, which does not always and completely reflect the pupils’ progress in terms of their development. It was not a longitudinal survey but only a single one-year research from which no major conclusions can be drawn. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the results of pupils in History, or their historical knowledge, represent a broad-spectrum matter in which the multiplication effect of external influences must be counted. In the future, research should be carried out in longer time ranges and with a greater emphasis on the causality of the phenomena.
Speech Therapy Prevention in Kindergarten
Authors: Vašíková Jana , Žáková Iva
Published: September 2017

Introduction: This contribution presents the results of a research focused on speech therapy in kindergartens. This research was realized in Zlín Region. It explains how speech therapy prevention is realized in kindergartens, determines the educational qualifications of teachers for this activity and verifies the quality of the applied methodologies in the daily program of kindergartens. Methods: The empirical part of the study was conducted through a qualitative research. For data collection, we used participant observation. We analyzed the research data and presented them verbally, using frequency tables and graphs, which were subsequently interpreted. Results: In this research, 71% of the teachers completed a course of speech therapy prevention, 28% of the teachers received pedagogical training and just 1% of the teachers are clinical speech pathologists. In spite of this, the research data show that, in most of kindergartens, the aim of speech therapy prevention is performed in order to correct deficiencies in speech and voice. The content of speech therapy prevention is implemented in this direction. Discussion: Awareness of the teachers’/parents’ regarding speech therapy prevention in kindergartens. Limitations: This research was implemented in autumn of 2016 in Zlín Region. Research data cannot be generalized to the entire population. We have the ambition to expand this research to other regions next year. Conclusions: Results show that both forms of speech therapy prevention - individual and group - are used. It is also often a combination of both. The aim of the individual forms is, in most cases, to prepare a child for cooperation during voice correction. The research also confirmed that most teachers do not have sufficient education in speech therapy. Most of them completed a course of speech therapy as primary prevention educators. The results also show that teachers spend a lot of time by speech therapy prevention in kindergartens. Educators often develop the communication skills of children by interesting ways and methods.
Social-Emotional Health of University Students and the Importance of Its Research
Authors: Mehešová Mária
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Health and well-being are crucial for individuals, a particular country as well as the whole society. Therefore, it is important to focus research on it, and the Social-Emotional Health Survey - Higher Education used on the sample of university students is a good example of it. Purpose: The aim of the article is to bring information on the current issues of social-emotional health in Slovakia and the possibilities of its measuring with the emphasis on the brand new international questionnaire method Social-Emotional Health Survey - Higher Education (SEHS-HE) by M. Furlong. Methods: The method measures four basic dimensions and twelve psychological indicators of social-emotional health of university students. It helps to find the strengths and health predictions of students. Conclusions: Mental health of young people is the priority of the Slovak National Treating Program for Children and Youth, from which goes the necessity to identify the mental health of various groups of people especially of children and youth, to support it and to create the conditions for its optimal development.
Education of Elderly Patients Within Nursing Care in Slovakia
Authors: Kaduchová Petra
Published: September 2017

Introduction: The paper deals with the issues of the education of senior patients within nursing care. The aim of the paper is to find out the level of nurses’ knowledge and skills in educating elderly patients and to discover how these are reflected in the reality of clinical practice. It is a case study focused on showing the current real state of clinical practice related to the given topic. Methods: This paper will introduce the outcomes of a qualitative research (semistructured interview, semi-structured observation, documents analysis) based on theoretical background. The research was carried out during the survey fellowship in the Slovak Republic and the respondents were nurses working in standard hospital departments. Certain phenomena, relations and influencing factors were clarified through the follow-up analysis. The gathered data were processed by using qualitative methods in the form of case studies. Results: The qualitative survey has revealed certain deficiencies in nurses’ knowledge and in the reality of the education of elderly patients in clinical practice. Discussion: The deficiencies in knowledge and skills are essential in the reality of clinical practice. Limitations: The research sample was made up of educating nurse/nurses working in geriatrics, in long-term care departments or internal departments. It included a total of 16 respondents. Conclusions: Sufficient attention should be paid to the training of nurses which should be focused on the specificities of educating seniors/senior patients as well as on the reality of education that is performed. It is necessary to provide training for working with this specific age group even in pre-gradual nursing education.
Fractional Partial Random Differential Equations with State-Dependent Delay
Authors: Benchohra Mouffak , Heris Amel
Published: September 2017

In the present paper we provide some existence results for the Darboux problem of partial fractional random differential equations with state-dependent delay by applying the measure of noncompactness and a random fixed point theorem with stochastic domain.
Derivation of Some Results on the Generalized Relative Orders of Meromorphic Functions
Authors: Datta Sanjib Kumar , Biswas Tanmay
Published: September 2017

In this paper we intend to find out relative order (relative lower order) of a meromorphic function f with respect to another entire function g when generalized relative order (generalized relative lower order) of f and generalized relative order (generalized relative lower order) of g with respect to another entire function h are given.
On the Uniqueness of Certain Type of Shift Polynomial Sharing a Small Function
Authors: Majumder Sujoy
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the paper is to study the uniqueness problems of certain type of difference polynomial sharing a small function. We point out and rectify some gaps in the proof of the main results in [8]. In addition to this we obtain our main result as a corrected and generalized version of [8] in a more compact way which in turn improve a number of earlier results.
Iterative Method to Solve a Data Completion Problem for Biharmonic Equation for Rectangular Domain
Authors: Tajani Chakir , Kajtih Houda , Daanoun Ali
Published: September 2017

In this work, we are interested in a class of problems of great importance in many areas of industry and engineering. It is the invese problem for the biharmonic equation. It consists to complete the missing data on the inaccessible part from the measured data on the accessible part of the boundary. To solve this ill-posed problem, we opted for the alternative iterative method developed by Kozlov, Mazya and Fomin which is a convergent method for the elliptical Cauchy problems in general. The numerical implementation of the iterative algorithm is based on the application of the boundary element method (BEM) for a sequence of mixed well-posed direct problems. Numerical results are performed for a square domain showing the effectiveness of the algorithm by BEM to produce accurate and stable numerical results.
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757), a naturalist and pioneer of acarology and his contacts with Poland
Authors: Daszkiewicz Piotr
Published: September 2017

René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur was one of the most important scientists of the Age of Enlightenment. His relations with Polish scientists are analysed, with particular reference to Franciszek Bieliński (Grand Marshal of the Crown), Konstanty Franciszek Fremel (a Saxon specialist of glass technology in Poland), and Johann Ernst Stieff (a Silesian scientist). Réaumur’s work on mites is discussed in the context of his entomological publications. For the first time, illustrations of mites drawn by Claude Aubriet (from Réaumur’s collection) are reproduced here.
Preliminary study of the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow on oribatid mites
Authors: Seniczak Anna , Seniczak Stanisław , Szczukowska Hanna , Graczyk Radomir , Bukowski Grzegorz
Published: September 2017

We investigated the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow with doses of 80 kg N ha−1, 140 kg N ha−1, and 200 kg N ha−1(plots 1-6) on oribatid mites. A control plot (0) was left unfertilized. The manure was applied to the meadow in the early spring of 2012, and soil samples were collected in the spring of 2012 and 2013. In total, 6053 oribatid mites were examined, including 1163 juveniles. The effect of fertilizing on the Oribatida depended on the dose of manure, but not on its type. A low dose of pig or goat manure did not affect the density of Oribatida, whereas the other doses decreased it, but only the highest doses decreased it significantly, compared to the control. Species diversity decreased with the dose of manure. In total, 24 species of Oribatida were found and some species reacted differently to both types of manure. For example, a low dose of pig manure significantly increased the density ofEupelops occultus, whereas the density of other species significantly decreased under the influence of the highest dose of pig manure (Achipteria coleoptrata), highest doses of pig and goat manure (Galumna obvia,Liebstadia similis), and medium and highest doses of goat manure (Scheloribates laevigatus).
The Implications of Transnational Cyber Threats in International Humanitarian Law: Analysing the Distinction Between Cybercrime, Cyber Attack, and Cyber Warfare in the 21stCentury
Authors: Faga Hemen Philip
Published: September 2017

This paper is an attempt to draw distinctive lines between the concepts of cybercrime, cyber-attack, and cyber warfare in the current information age, in which it has become difficult to separate the activities of transnational criminals from acts of belligerents using cyberspace. The paper considers the implications of transnational cyber threats in international humanitarian law (IHL) with a particular focus on cyber-attacks by non-state actors, the principles of state responsibility, and the implications of targeting non-state perpetrators under IHL. It concludes that current international law constructs are inadequate to address the implications of transnational cyber threats; the author recommends consequential amendments to the laws of war in order to address the challenges posed by transnational cyber threats.
Financing As One Of The Key Success Factors Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Pticar Stjepan
Published: September 2017

All entrepreneurs try to be timely unlimited, constant and successful in their business. In doing so, their company founding, running operations and development all depend on adequate and quality financing. The goal is to ensure a stable financing and growth and the question is how, when and from which sources should the financing be ensured. When talking of financing, it is primarily meant ensuring the money or the capital, a synonym of the entrepreneurship and its main moving strength. In order to be successful, it is of high importance to meet optimal business decisions and specially investing decisions. Even though the focus of the financing process is not solely limited to money, money plays a central role and is also the basis and the requirement for business activity and the very existence and the end goal of a business as well. One important focus of entrepreneurs is the question of an optimal financial structure for their own enterprise. The specifics of every individual company together with the industry they are in and macroeconomic environment they operate in do not allow for a uniform and generally applicable solution to this problem. The focus of this problem lies in the ratio between the size and structure of assets on one side and the size and structure of equity and debt on the other side. Every entrepreneur should also know which amount and structure of long-term assets, fixed assets is necessary for his enterprise. The function of investment planning defines these requirements before the actual investment takes place. An entrepreneur who is already longer in business will at this point analyze his actual financial structure with a focus on capital accumulation and conditions of raising debt.
Brands and their Association Networks
Authors: Ihnatova Zuzana , Bečková Ina Kováčová
Published: September 2017

Purpose of the article One of the approaches how to create a concept of a brand is a form of identifying association network in the mind of the consumer and creating semantic maps composed of all associations that are largely shaped by cultural values of consumers. Methodology/methods In the first phase, the author of the study was detecting the associations connected with the Mexican brand alcoholic beer Corona Extra using focus group with a sample of 15 respondents (Slovak students). In the second phase, she analysed the data found in the context of Slovak cultural values and compared them with the results of the secondary research (German and Spanish students). Scientific objective The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural values of the target market for the management and brand communication across cultures. The main objective of the survey was to determine how the Slovak respondents perceive selected sample of global brand, to compare the findings of a secondary survey conducted at German and Spanish students, and in the final phase of the research to analyse the data found in the context of the cultural dimensions of respondents. Findings On one hand, the associations formed by consumers about Corona Extra mutually differ depending on the countries surveyed. On the other hand, they correspond to the cultural values of the nation, and thus confirm the strong influence of the cultural aspects of the brand perception. Conclusions The presented article confirms, that there will always be an open space for the extensive research in global marketing and cross-cultural differences in consumer behaviour. Exploring cultural aspects of communication of global brands will benefit not only in terms of increasing the efficiency of advertising campaigns, but also for the mutual knowledge and understanding between cultures.
Sparse Optimal Control for Fractional Diffusion
Authors: Otárola Enrique , Salgado Abner J.
Published: September 2017

We consider an optimal control problem that entails the minimization of a nondifferentiable cost functional, fractional diffusion as state equation and constraints on the control variable. We provide existence, uniqueness and regularity results together with first-order optimality conditions. In order to propose a solution technique, we realize fractional diffusion as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for a nonuniformly elliptic operator and consider an equivalent optimal control problem with a nonuniformly elliptic equation as state equation. The rapid decay of the solution to this problem suggests a truncation that is suitable for numerical approximation. We propose a fully discrete scheme: piecewise constant functions for the control variable and first-degree tensor product finite elements for the state variable. We derive a priori error estimates for the control and state variables.
Finite Difference Methods for the Generator of 1D Asymmetric Alpha-Stable Lévy Motions
Authors: Huang Yanghong , Wang Xiao
Published: September 2017

Several finite difference methods are proposed for the infinitesimal
generator of 1D asymmetric α-stable Lévy motions,
based on the fact that the operator becomes a multiplier in the spectral space.
These methods take the general form of a discrete convolution, and the coefficients
(or the weights) in the convolution are chosen to approximate the exact multiplier
after appropriate transform.
The accuracy and the associated
advantages/disadvantages are also discussed, providing some guidance on
the choice of the right scheme for practical problems, like
in the calculation of mean exit time for random processes governed
by general asymmetric α-stable motions.
Some Time Stepping Methods for Fractional Diffusion Problems with Nonsmooth Data
Authors: Yang Yan , Yan Yubin , Ford Neville J.
Published: September 2017

We consider error estimates for some time stepping methods for solving fractional diffusion problems with nonsmooth data in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases. McLean and Mustapha [18] established an

O
⁢

(
k
)

{O(k)}

convergence rate for the piecewise constant discontinuous Galerkin method with nonsmooth initial data for the homogeneous problem when the linear operator A is assumed to be self-adjoint, positive semidefinite and densely defined in a suitable Hilbert space, where k denotes the time step size. In this paper, we approximate the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative by Diethelm’s method (or L1 scheme) and obtain the same time discretisation scheme as in McLean and Mustapha [18]. We first prove that this scheme has also convergence rate

O
⁢

(
k
)

{O(k)}

with nonsmooth initial data for the homogeneous problem when A is a closed, densely defined linear operator satisfying some certain resolvent estimates. We then introduce a new time discretisation scheme for the homogeneous problem based on the convolution quadrature and prove that the convergence rate of this new scheme is

O
⁢

(

k

1
+
α

)

{O(k^{1+\alpha})}

,

0
<
α
<
1

{0<\alpha<1}

, with the nonsmooth initial data. Using this new time discretisation scheme for the homogeneous problem, we define a time stepping method for the inhomogeneous problem and prove that the convergence rate of this method is

O
⁢

(

k

1
+
α

)

{O(k^{1+\alpha})}

,

0
<
α
<
1

{0<\alpha<1}

, with the nonsmooth data. Numerical examples are given to show that the numerical results are consistent with the theoretical results.
The Numerical Computation of the Time Fractional Schrödinger Equation on an Unbounded Domain
Authors: Li Dan , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Zhimin
Published: September 2017

A fast and accurate numerical scheme is presented for the computation of the time fractional Schrödinger equation on an unbounded domain. The main idea consists of two parts. First, we use artificial boundary methods to equivalently reformulate the unbounded problem into an initial-boundary value (IBV) problem. Second, we present two numerical schemes for the IBV problem: a direct scheme and a fast scheme. The direct scheme stands for the direct discretization of the Caputo fractional derivative by using the L1-formula. The fast scheme means that the sum-of-exponentials approximation is used to speed up the evaluation of the Caputo fractional derivative. The resulting fast algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the overall computational cost compared to the direct scheme. Furthermore, the corresponding stability analysis and error estimates of two schemes are established, and numerical examples are given to verify the performance of our approach.
Psychological Support for Families During Crises (as exemplified by families members of Ukrainian war veterans)
Authors: Yablonska Tetiana , Melnychuk Tetiana
Published: September 2017

The goal of the article is to describe the theoretical and empirical research of characteristics of families under non-normative crises, having as an example the families of combatants participated in the anti-terrorist operation in Ukraine. The following family crises are discussed: normative crises, as period of transition from one stage of the family life cycle to another and non-normative crises caused by traumatic life events.

Research methodology. In order to differentiate more clearly the families of war veterans (those who returned from the anti-terrorist operation zone were examined) and their reactions to the crisis, a sample consisted of chosen nuclear families and the attention was focused on the marital subsystem as a family basis. At the end, survey and psychological testing of war veterans’ wives were conducted; the following diagnostic techniques were used: the author’s questionnaire, FACES-3 method (D.Olson), the questionnaire of family anxiety (E.Eydemiller); the methods of mathematical statistics were used to estimate the data.

Research results. The data of the empirical study of the 36 families of war veterans who participated in the military operations in the ATO zone (Ukraine) show that such non-normative family crisis is characterized by family system imbalance and its correction requires adaptation of the family as a whole system to the new reality. Most war veterans’ families undergo series of transformations associated with changes in family structure, communication, significant emotional stress.

Discussion. Psychological assistance to war veterans’ families should include psychological learning, prevention and resolving of marital relationship problems, including construction of a new family image, joint life prospects, discussion and transformation of family rules and regulations, development of family cohesion and communication.
The correlations between air pollution and depression.
Authors: Łopuszańska Urszula , Makara-Studzińska Marta
Published: September 2017

Introduction: In the 21st century there is an increased prevalence of depression in the world. So far the mechanism of developing depression has not been exactly known. Risk factors of depression occurrence are complex and nowadays it has been emphasized that air pollution can affect the intensity of depressive symptoms.

Objective: The analysis of the scientific works investigating the correlations between air pollution and depression.

Material and method: The material consisted of the studies published between 2007 and 2017. A systematic review of Medline database (using PubMed search engine) was conducted by typing the English phrase (air pollution) and (depression), and 154 results were obtained. Those results which concerned nicotine addiction or dementia diseases were rejected. The inclusion criterion was the number of people tested, n>500 in case of adults, and n>200 in case of children (a small number of publications). All in all, 9 research in the population of adults and 1 research in the group of children were included to the final analysis. In the discussion part of this work some research carried out on animals and related to the subject matter of own analyses were also investigated.

Results: As many as 8 out of 10 analyzed research demonstrated statistically significant correlation between long-term exposure to air pollution (mainly to fine particulate matter, PM) and depression. This correlation mainly concerned intensification of depressive symptoms during long exposure to air pollution. The exposure also resulted in changes in the neuro-transfer of serotonin and as well in neurodegenerative changes in children exposed to long-term pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in prenatal life. Testing on animals indicates that air pollution affects the activation of proinflammatory processes in hippocampus, what may incidentally contribute to the formation of depressive and cognitive symptoms.

Conclusions: In view of the increase of depression incidence and constantly sustained air pollution in the world, there is a need for further research on the correlation between air pollution and depression, taking into account the genetic, social and psychological factors.