bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An approach for Test Impact Analysis on the Integration Level in Java programs
Authors: Shahbaz Muzammil
Published: May 2022

Test Impact Analysis is an approach to obtain a subset of tests that are
impacted by the code changes. This approach is mostly applied to unit
testing where the link between the code and its associated tests is easy
to obtain. On the integration level, however, it is not straightfoward
to find such a link programatically, especially when the integration
tests are held into separate repositories. We propose an approach for
selecting integration tests based on the runtime analysis of code
changes to reduce the test execution overhead. We provide a set of tools
and framework that can be plugged into existing CI/CD pipelines. We have
evaluated the approach on a range of opensource Java programs and found
≈50% reduction in tests on average, and above 80% in a few cases. We
have also applied the approach to a large-scaled system currently in
production and found similar results.
The Strength of Performance Incentives, Pay Dispersion, and Lower-Paid Employee Effort
Authors: Brown Conor V. C. , Evans John Harry , Moser Donald V. , Presslee Adam
Published: May 2022

The strength of performance incentives differs for employees within an organization. We describe how differences in incentive strength can lead to pay dispersion because employees facing stronger incentives work harder and earn more pay than those facing weaker incentives. We then conduct four experiments examining how the lower-paid employees respond to such pay dispersion. Consistent with our hypothesis derived from referent cognitions theory, we find that such pay dispersion decreases the lower-paid employees' perceived fairness and thus their effort. These results hold whether the employees are assigned to or self-select into the job with weaker incentives and whether they have more explicit or less explicit information about the economic rationale for the difference in incentive strength. Our findings are inconsistent with conventional economic reasoning and refine the conclusions from prior pay dispersion studies. The robustness of our results demonstrates their generalizability to a range of actual employment settings.

Data Availability: Data and experimental instruments are available upon request.

JEL Classifications: M41; M52; M55.
Carbohydrate Tolerance Threshold for Unannounced Snacks in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System
Authors: Tornese Gianluca , Carletti Claudia , Giangreco Manuela , Nisticò Daniela , Faleschini Elena , Barbi Egidio
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To find a carbohydrate (CHO) tolerance threshold for unannounced snacks to avoid the 2 h increase in glycemia (difference between pre- and postmeal blood glucose [ΔBG]) ≥50 mg/dL in advanced hybrid closed-loop (a-HCL) users.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fourteen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (7 females; mean age [± SD] 14.5 ± 3.6 years), users of the Medtronic MiniMed 780G, participated in the study. For 12 days, they did not perform insulin bolus before breakfasts, with defined different quantities and types of CHO, with or without fats, performing blood glucose (BG) before and 2 h after the meal.

RESULTS

A cutoff of 19.8 g of total CHO was found to determine a ΔBG of 50 mg/dL. BG never exceeded 250 mg/dL. Mean time in range was ≥70% in the 2 h following each snack.

CONCLUSIONS

Unannounced snacks of up to 20 g of CHO can avoid ΔBG ≥50 mg/dL in MiniMed 780G users, although unannounced meals of up to 30 g of CHO are safe.
TOPOGRAPHY-ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF THE MYLO-HYOID NERVE IN THE SIDE OF THE LOWER JAW
Authors: Mokryk O. , Kornijenko M. , Uhliar I. , Komnatskyi B.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of individual- anatomical features of the location of the mylohyoid groove, where the mylohyoid nerve lies, in the lateral part of the lower jaws of people with diﬀ erent face shapes. For this purpose, craniometric studies were performed on 32 natural human skulls from the anatomical museum fund and on 60 CT images of patients’ skulls in 3-D reconstruction. The types of structure of the facial department of the skull were determined. The location features of the mylohyoid groove were determined in them on the lateral parts of the lower jaws, and bone holes were searched on their lingual side. Craniometric studies have shown that at the level of the dental alveoli of the second and third molars of the mylohyoid groove is located 20.7±0.4 mm below the upper edge of the lower jaw on mesoprosopic skulls. In leptoprosopic skulls this distance was greater – 23.6±0.8 mm, and in hameprozops, respectively, less – 18.3±0.6 mm. Bone holes on the inner (lingual) surface of the lateral parts of the lower jaws were found in 20 skulls (21.7%). Their number varied from one to three. They were most often found on skulls with a leptoprosopic form of the facial skeleton – in 11 cases. Samples of the lower jaws predominated (13 cases) in which one hole was observed at the level of the top of the roots of the ﬁ rst lower molars.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF CERVICALAREA OF PERMANENT MOLAR TEETH
Authors: Yakymovych D. , Masna Z.
Published: May 2022

The cervical area of the tooth is a localization zone for a number of pathological processes of various etiologies, which include erosions, wedge-s haped defects, cervical hypersensitivity, various forms of cervical caries. Knowledge of the anatomical structure of the dental cervical area, taking into account their group a ﬃ liation and functional characteristics will help to identify areas of increased risk of pathological processes localized in this area. The aim of the study was to research possible variants of cementoenamel junctions in the cervical area of permanent molars and to determine the frequency of their occurrence. The object of the study were 120 permanent molar teeth of the upper and lower jaws, removed according to clinical indications and their longitudinal sections. The ratio of hard tissues – enamel, cementum and dentin – in the cervical area of each tooth on its vestibular, oral, medial and distal contact surfaces was determined. It has been established that the cementoenamel junction in the cervical area of molars can present in the form of the following four variants: areas of open dentin in the absence of contact of the enamel with cementum; contact of enamel with cementum in conjunction; cementum covered with enamel; enamel covered with cementum. Each variant of cementoenamel junction with diﬀ erent frequency occurs on the vestibular, oral, medial and distal contact surfaces. Contact of enamel with cementum in conjunctions in the studied group of teeth was found in 47% of cases, enamel covers the cementum – in 40%, cementum covers the enamel – in 9% and open dentin areas due to lack of contact of enamel with cementum were found in 4%. For the ﬁ rst and second molars, the most common is the variant of contact of enamel with cementum in conjunction, and the rarest was enamel covered with cementum. For the third molars, the most common option is cementum covered with enamel, and the rarest – presence of areas of open dentin. Only in 18.3% of the total number (22 teeth, of which 9 ﬁ rst, 9 second and 4 third molars) on all four surfaces the ratio of enamel and cementum was the same.
Росія знову вторгається в Україну: як може реагувати медична спільнота?
Authors: McKee Martin , Murphy Adrianna
Published: May 2022

Вранці 24 лютого 2022 року російські війська вторглися в Україну. У той час як політики в усьому світі обговорюють політичні, економічні та, можливо, військові заходи, слід розглянути численні та важкі наслідки російської агресії для здоров’я громадян України. Найбільш очевидними є жертви в результаті агресії. Вони будуть зростати в міру продовження бойових дій. Першого березня Управління ООН з прав людини підтвердило 136 смертей серед цивільного населення, зокрема 13 дітей, та поранення 400 осіб серед цивільного населення, зокрема 26 дітей. 1 Справжнє число померлих та поранених, ймовірно, є набагато більшим. 1 Кількість загиблих російських військових ймовірно становить декілька тисяч осіб. Однак, втрати можуть бути набагато більшими. З огляду на триваючий збройний опір громадян України та нестачу палива, зброї та матеріально-технічного забезпечення, зростають побоювання, що армія президента Путіна може перетворити українські міста на руїни. Тим, хто вважає це немислимим, слід пам’ятати про спустошення та кровопролиття, завдані путінськими силами у 2000 році у місті Грозному – столиці Чечні
Контекст громадського здоров’я
Authors: Харченко Н.В.
Published: May 2022

Мета дослідження. Громадське здоров'я повинно перебувати в стані постійного руху, оскільки як загрози, так і потенційні реакції на ці загрози змінюються.
Матеріали та методи. Використовувався теоретичний науковий метод. Об’єктом дослідження є контекст громадського здоров’я: епідеміологічній, інформаційній, професійній, концептуальній, політичній, розподільній.
Результати. В статті висвітлюються тенденції розвитку громадського здоров’я в шести сферах: епідеміологічній, інформаційній, професійній, концептуальній, політичній, розподільній. Епідеміологічний перехід описаний класичною, прискореною і запізненою моделями. Доведено, що будь-яке послаблення можливостей громадського здоров’я може призвести до поширення інфекційних захворювань. Громадське здоров’я може отримати користь від значного збільшення доступності інформації про те, як люди живуть своїм повсякденним життям. Проте та сама інформація може також використовуватися на шкоду здоров'ю населення. Сучасний підхід до громадського здоров’я вимагає людей, що мають широкий спектр навичок у багатьох різних дисциплінах. Охорона здоров'я традиційно турбується про безпосередні причини хвороб. Громадське здоров’я з його вірою в колективні дії суспільства є принципово політичним.
Висновки. В Україні стан громадського здоров'я населення залишається незадовільним, що потребує нагального вирішення актуальних проблем галузі, удосконалення організації і поліпшення її діяльності.
Ключові слова: громадське здоров’я, епідеміологічній, інформаційній, професійній, концептуальній, політичній, розподільній.
Гармонічний розвиток особистості дитини (учня) за Й. А. Коменським
Authors: Vansač Peter
Published: May 2022

Мета. Все своє життя Коменський присвятив невтомному письменництву. У Пансофії він вимагав всебічної освіти (pampaedia) — загальної і всебічної освіти кожної людини в усіх її здібностях. Освіта має бути основним інструментом для виправлення світу і людських відносин. Це вирощування людини за образом Божим. Це має вести до гармонії душі, суспільства і світу. Метою нашого внеску було вказати на те, як Коменський сприймав дітей і як вчителі, батьки та вихователі повинні керувати вихованням дитини.Методи. Як метод дослідження ми використали контент-аналіз документів Й. А. Коменського.Результати. У даній роботі ми аналізуємо особистість учня в контексті виховання та принципів морального виховання. На думку Й. А. Коменського, у вихованні та навчанні необхідно наголошувати на тому, хлопчик це чи дівчина, на організованому розумі – подобатися Богу й людям, розвивати тіло, душу й дух.Висновки. Й. А. Коменський підкреслював незамінну роль батьків у житті дитини, де діти мають бути для них дорожчими за срібло, золото та дорогоцінне каміння.Ключові слова: особистість учня, дитячий розвиток, учитель, сім’я.
Особливості фізичного розвитку дітей молодшого шкільного віку
Authors: Дуткевич-Іванська Ю.В. , Русин Л.П. , Сабадош М.В.
Published: May 2022

Мета дослідження: вивчити та оцінити рівень фізичного розвитку дітей молодшого шкільного віку.Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проводилося з учнями початкових класів. Середній вік дітей становив 7,7 років. Всього обстежено 41 дитину, серед яких 23 хлопчики та 18 дівчаток. Методи дослідження – теоретичний аналіз і узагальнення літературних джерел, методи соматоскопії та антропометрії, аналіз отриманих результатів та їх математична обробка.Результати. У ході дослідження було проведено аналіз показників фізичного розвитку хлопчиків і дівчаток, які навчаються у 2 та 3 класах Ужгородської спеціалізованої школи І-ІІІ ст. № 5 з поглибленим вивченням іноземних мов Ужгородської міської ради Закарпатської області. Наші дослідження підтвердили те, що в учнів молодших класів із кожним роком спостерігаються позитивні зміни показників, які допомагають оцінити рівень їх фізичного розвитку.Висновки. Оцінку фізичного розвитку учнів, які брали участь у дослідженні, проводили методом індексів. Так, між отриманими результатами хлопчиків і дівчаток вірогідних відмінностей не зареєстровано. Однак у хлопчиків молодшого шкільного віку спостерігається вищий рівень силового індексу, порівняно з дівчатками. Результати дослідження особливостей фізичного розвитку учнів 2 та 3 класів свідчать про те, що із віком у хлопчиків і у дівчаток відбуваються зміни у фізичному розвитку. Аналіз результатів проведеного дослідження показав, що низькі значення силового індексу, індексу Скібінської та індексу гіпоксії свідчать про необхідність включення у заняття фізичної культурою різноманітних дихальних вправ, які б сприяли підвищенню життєвої ємності легень, покращенню часу затримки дихання на вдиху та видиху, а також вправ силового спрямування.Ключові слова: фізичний розвиток, діти, молодший шкільний вік.
Стан клітинної і гуморальної ланок імунітету при негоспітальній пневмонії
Authors: Березняков В.І.
Published: May 2022

Метою дослідження було вивчення змін імунного статусу організму хворих на негоспітальну пневмонію, з’ясування ролі дисбалансу в системі цитокінів, які здійснюють регуляцію міжклітинних взаємодій усіх ланок імунної системи при цьому захворюванні. Обстежено 20 дорослих хворих на негоспітальну пневмонію, які перебували в терапевтичному відділенні Міської клінічної лікарні № 25 м. Харкова. Діагноз встановлювали на підставі епідеміологічних, клінічних, лабораторних, рентгенологічних даних. Хворі булі обстежені відповідно Медичним стандартам Національного інституту фтизіатрії і пульмонології імені Ф. Г. Яновського НАМН України. Важливою ланкою в патогенезі негоспітальної пневмонії є зміни як клітинної, так і гуморальної ланок загального імунного статусу, що проявляється у вираженому зменшенні кількості загальних зрілих Т-лімфоцитів (CD3+) і Т-лімфоцитів-хелперів (CD4+); у збільшенні Т-супресорів (CD8+) і зменшенні відносної кількості В-лімфоцитів (CD20+). Найбільш виражені зміни імунної системи організму при негоспітальній пневмонії проявляються, в основному, в клітинній ланці імунної системи. Для успішного лікування негоспітальної пневмонії доцільним є призначення, крім стандартної терапії, загальнозміцнюючих і імунокорегуючих препаратів.Ключові слова: негоспітальна пневмонія, імунний статус, патогенез.
Modernization and Ways to Improve Reliability of Oil Supply to Steam Turbine Units for DPM-2
Authors: Goloshumova V. N. , Kvartalov D. D. , Brodov Yu. M.
Published: May 2022

Russia has announced a DPM-2 programme to modernize old power plant equipment. One of the main areas of modernization is the replacement of some of the equipment while maintaining the foundations, building structures, most of the equipment and piping of the turbine unit. It is common practice to introduce additional equipment, such as control and protection units for electro-hydraulic control systems, as well as new pipework, which leads to problems in the layout of the steam turbine unit.

The oil system is an integral part of the turbine unit. It accounts for a significant proportion of the cell volume of the steam turbine unit layout. This property of the system can be used to solve problems associated with the layout of a steam turbine unit in modernizations. A solution is proposed for redesigned layout of the oil system in the cell by introducing an oil supply module (station) into the structure of the steam turbine unit. As of now, there are no commercially available offers of an oil station with the required oil tank capacity. The oil station module is arranged at places free from equipment of the cell, for example, at the 0.000 elevation or under the upper operating mark near the generator and below the level of turbine unit bearings to enable oil drainage by gravity. The main differences are outlined between the proposed oil station and the existing oil system.

The oil system determines the reliable and trouble-free operation of the steam turbine unit. In order to be able to introduce an oil supply module into operation it is necessary to design the system based on the requirement of maximum reliability. Reliability analysis of oil supply unit has been carried out. The regularities between the designer's decisions and the reliability of the resulting system are revealed. The influence is considered of the oil station components on individual reliability constituents: survivability, durability, fail-safety, maintainability, fire safety.
Learners’ Perceptions for Teacher’s Feedback of Their Oral Performances: Case Study
Authors: Fajarwati Karima , Munir Ahmad , Tjahjono Tengsoe
Published: May 2022

The feedbacks given by teacher is the important role in monitoring learners during the learning process. Teacher serves feedbacks in various ways, can be correction, praise, suggestion, and so on. By receiving feedbacks, learners are able to realize their errors and they feel motivated to develop and improve their performance. However, not all learners have the same characteristics in accepting the feedbacks well. Some of learners may feel insecure during or after getting feedbacks. Therefore, this study explores learners’ perceptions for teacher’s feedback of their oral performances, whether they feel motivated or feel the other way. The questionnaires were the main tool to gain the information from the learners, and followed by the interview from some learners to get the further and detail explanation. The result shows that most of learners feel motivated from the teacher’s feedbacks, and they have intention to perform better because they understand their errors. However, there are some other aspects that decrease their motivation by the way teacher delivers the feedbacks.
The Level of Digital Literacy and Its Impact for Self-Regulated and Effective Language Learning
Authors: Hasyim Fuad
Published: May 2022

This study aims to discuss the effect of digital literacy level on independent language learning skills and effective learning abilities. The research respondents (n = 147) were the students of Universitas Islam Indonesia from various years who took English courses as General Education (MKU). Respondents were chosen randomly from students who participated in researcher English courses. This research is quantitative. The data was obtained through a Likert scale questionnaire with a range number; 0-1 and 1-5. The quantitative data were analyzed by correlation (Pearson product-moment) and regression (ANOVA) techniques. The results displayed; first, there is no significant effect of digital literacy variables on Self-Regulated language learning skills. Second, there is a substantial impact of digital literacy on effective learning abilities. Third, there is a significant impact of Self-Regulated language learning on effective language learning. This study suggested that higher education institutions need to provide formal programs in training or workshops to increase digital literacy capacity and student academic skills to achieve effective learning goals.
A Classroom Transition to Electronic Learning: Improving EFL in Higher Education
Authors: Gumartifa Asti
Published: May 2022

Electronic media are used to hold teachers in contact, give lots of links interaction to students, and deliver educational content services. Online learning education can eventually become the primary way in supporting the educational enrichment process. Their much effort is being put into the work practices and communication for both students and teachers that focused on enhancing the effectiveness of the study. This study gives additional future development of online learning that must follow the progress of the Internet as the modern technologies. Furthermore, it also explains some advantages and disadvantages of implementing Electronic learning during long-distance learning. Institutions need to use digital information technology for learning and teaching. This study examines relevant literature and enhances academic education by evaluating some of the achievements made by different researchers in the e-learning context, in particular the strengths and weaknesses of electronic learning in higher education. Finally, this study gives suggestions for future learners and teachers that electronic learning can be used for distance learning based on the learning purpose. Further, electronic learning basically can be used to enhance learners’ academic information. On the other side, communication between learners and teachers during the learning process is limited. Then, the impact of closeness between teacher and student decreases
Strengthening Students’ Motivation and Confidence to Achieve Learning Goals in Blended Learning Method
Authors: Salwa Athiyah S.S. , Dewi Sry Ratna
Published: May 2022

Pandemic outbreak today has changed any sectors including education, from their normal state into the condition we never expected before. From primary to higher education, the institutions are forced to change teaching and learning models into virtual since the Government tries to stop the spread of the virus by prohibiting face-to-face classes. Online learning has come like tsunami trends as the outbreak rose. It also happened in some vocational schools where students live in the dormitory. Initially, they conducted offline classes, but they were transferred to go home as the virus spread. In one semester, they faced two models of learning, online and offline. Based on this situation, this article aims to disseminate the effectiveness of blended-learning models to improve students' motivation and confidence in speaking class by using the material to build their high-order thinking skills. The method of this study is combined between experimental and descriptive qualitative, by which the result of the study and analysis will be described in numbers and words.
The Correlation between the Students’ Reading Habit towardtheStudents’ Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: Munawir Ahmad , Ramli Yulia Rahayu
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to find out the correlation between students’ reading habit and vocabulary mastery at the second-grade students’ in SMA Negeri 1 Campalagian in the academic year 2019/2020. This study was a quantitative correlational study. The population of this study was all second-grade students with 384 total numbers of students which was divided into 11 classes. A class was selected as samples with 33 total numbers of students by using the cluster random sampling technique. In collecting the data, the researchers distributed a questionnaire to measure students’ reading habits and a test to measure students’ vocabulary mastery. In analyzing the data, the researchers used Pearson Product Moment formula. From the data analyzed, the results showed the correlation coefficient was higher than the r table (0,448 > 0.442). Additionally, the value of significance (Sig. 2-tailed) was 0,009 and lower than 0.05. Therefore, the results indicated that there was positive correlation between students’ reading habit and vocabulary mastery.
Incorporating Internet-Based Application in Teaching and Assessing English for Agriculture Students
Authors: Upa Rahmawati , Damayanti Sri
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, teaching using Internet-Based Application becomes an engagement for English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher. Therefore in this research, the researchers are trying to incorporate two internet-based applications (Padlet and Wordwall) to teach English for Agriculture students to identify how these Internet-Based Applications are incorporated and how the students’ responses to the implementation of these. The sample of the research is 20 Agriculture study program students from the fifth semester. The instrument used to gather the data are observation and questionnaires. The questionnaires divided into two, the first is one dealing with the use of Padlet which consisted of 14 statements which divided into three indicators, they’re 1) the ease of use Padlet, 2) students’ understanding material on using Padlet, and 3) Padlet display. The second one is dealing with the use of Wordwall which consist of 6 statements. The result of this research reveals that Padlet was used by the lecturer in the teaching process. It was started by designing some teaching materials and sent it to the Padlet room and gave instruction to the students on what to do dealing with the teaching material. Brainstorming in the beginning and reflection at the end of each meeting were also implemented. Meanwhile Wordwall was used to assess students vocabulary by sending it’s link to Padlet room so the students could access it. Referring to the students’ response, they have very positive response on the use of Padlet as a learning media and Wordwall as formative assessment tool. In one case, it is evidently that students have different response on the use of Padlet with the reality happened during the teaching and learning process.
The Use of ICT in ELT: How Teacher Should Be Empowered
Authors: Fitri Arni , Rifa'at Abdul Aziz
Published: May 2022

ICT has the potential to “bridge the knowledge gap” in terms of improving quality of education, increasing the quantity of quality educational opportunities, making knowledge building possible through borderless and boundless accessibility to resources and people, and reaching populations in remote areas to satisfy their basic right to education. This article presents on how to empower teacher in ELT through ICT. The fact that not all teacher of English in Indonesia are master in ICT, there are some teacher poor in ICT. Teachers’ computer literacy is 54.2%, teacher own internet literacy is 51.4%, teacher current typing skill is 51.4%. This article also present the advantages of ICT in ELT, they are: 1) keeping up with the world, 2) Bringing variety t your work, 3) breaking the routine, 4) getting new experience, 5) being creative and 6) meeting your learners. Empower teacher through ICT refers to a process that includes any communication device or application, which people become powerful enough to engage in, share control of, and influence events and institutions affecting their lives. Empowerment processes through ICT includes 1) teacher professional development such workplace training, seminar, professional meeting; 2) teacher technology management.
Characterization of fungal exposure and dectin-1 expression in healthy horses and horses with severe asthma
Authors: Di Pietro Rebecca , Dubuc Valérie , Manguin Estelle , Giroux-Lafond Roxane , Bédard Christian , Boivin Roxane , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Vesper Stephen J. , Leclere Mathilde
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To quantify dectin-1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), create polyclonal antibodies against equine dectin-1 and localize it in tissues, and quantify fungal exposure in pastured and stabled asthmatic and nonasthmatic horses.

SAMPLES

BALF samples from 6 controls and 6 horses with severe asthma. Stored lung and nasal wash samples.

PROCEDURES

Dectin-1 expression was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Purified peptide from equine dectin-1 was used to generate polyclonal antibodies and was confirmed with immunological testing. Fungal exposure was quantified in BALF samples by counting fungal-like intracellular particles in phagocytic cells, by qPCR quantification of the “universal” 18S rRNA fungal gene, and by quantifying 36 specific fungi in equine and dust samples using qPCR assays.

RESULTS

Equine dectin-1 was localized in tissues and cells, and functional isoforms were upregulated significantly in BALF after stabling. Pastured horses from both groups had low levels of fungi in BALF, and there was a significant increase in some specific fungi, most notably for Eurotium amstelodami, Wallemia sebi, and Aspergillus niger after stabling. However, stabled asthmatic horses had fewer phagocytized particles, less 18S rRNA signal, and fewer specific fungi compared to nonasthmatic horses.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Stabling increases exposure to fungi, but asthmatic horses had fewer fungi reaching their lower airways, presumably resulting from congestion and narrowing of the airways. Exposure to fungi could contribute to airway inflammation by increasing dectin-1 functional isoforms, and exposure to indoor molds should be avoided.
Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound estimates intrahepatic portal vascularity in dogs with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Nagumo Takahiro , Ishigaki Kumiko , Yoshida Orie , Sakurai Naoki , Terai Kazuyuki , Heishima Tatsuya , Asano Kazushi
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the clinical impact on quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PSS) in dogs.

ANIMALS

21 client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic PSS and 5 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES

In all dogs, CEUS was performed to calculate the rising time (RT), rising rate (RR), and portal vein-to-hepatic parenchyma transit time (ΔHP-PV) from the time-intensity curve obtained in the hepatic parenchyma and portal vein. All dogs in the PSS group underwent preoperative CT angiography (CTA) and surgery. The CEUS variables in the PSS group were compared with those in the healthy dogs (control group) and were analyzed for shunt types and grades of intrahepatic portal venous branches based on CTA findings, intraoperative portal pressure, and surgical procedures.

RESULTS

All 3 CEUS variables showed no significant differences between the PSS and control groups. The RT and ΔHP-PV in the left gastrophrenic shunt group were significantly longer than in the other shunt types. In the intrahepatic portal vascularity, the RT in grade 1 was significantly shorter than in grades 3 and 4, and the RR in grade 1 was significantly higher than in grade 4. The RT and ΔHP-PV were significantly correlated with portal pressure variables. The RT in dogs with partial ligation was significantly shorter than in dogs with complete ligation and percutaneous transvenous coil embolization.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Quantitative assessments of CEUS may be useful for estimating intrahepatic portal vascularity in dogs with single extrahepatic PSS.
Escherichia coli pathotype contamination in raw canine diets
Authors: Gibson Jordan F. , Parker Valerie J. , Howard James P. , Snell Chloe M. , Cross Emily W. , Pagliughi Lauren B. , Diaz-Campos Dubraska , Winston Jenessa A. , Rudinsky Adam J.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli contamination and E coli virulence gene signatures consistent with known E coli pathotypes in commercially available conventional diets and raw-meat–based diets (RMBDs).

SAMPLE

40 diets in total (19 conventionally cooked kibble or canned diets and 21 RMBDs) obtained from retail stores or online distributors.

PROCEDURES

Each diet was cultured for E coli contamination in 3 separate container locations using standard microbiological techniques. Further characterization of E coli isolates was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based pathotype and virulence gene analysis.

RESULTS

Conventional diets were negative in all culture based testing. In RMBDs, bacterial contamination was similar to previous reports in the veterinary literature, with 66% (14/21) of the RMBDs having positive cultures for E coli. Among the 191 confirmed E coli isolates from these diets, 31.9% (61/191) were positive for virulence genes. Categorized by pathotype, isolates presumptively belonging to the neonatal meningitis E coli pathotype (15.7% [30/191]) were the most common, followed by enterohemorrhagic E coli (10.5% [20/191]), enteropathogenic E coli (5.8% [11/191]), uropathogenic E coli (2.1% [4/191]), and diffusely adherent E coli (1.6% [3/191]).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The results of this study reaffirmed the bacteriologic risks previously associated with RMBDs. Furthermore, potential zoonotic concerns associated with identified pathotypes in these diets may have significant consequences for owners in the animals’ home environment. Potential risk associated with bacterial contamination should be addressed in animals fed RMBDs.
Вероятностная оценка смыслов. Логико-философский анализ проблемы смысла в кибернетике
Authors: Фадюшин Сергей Геннадьевич
Published: May 2022

В монографии на основе логико-философских и психологических предпосылок исследуется проблема смысла в аспекте понятий кибернетики. На примерах текстовых документов и абстрактных видов деятельности человека изложены исходные положения теории вероятностной оценки смыслов. Описаны практические приложения разработанной теории. Книга рекомендуется широкому кругу специалистов технических и гуманитарных дисциплин: кибернетикам, исследователям искусственного интеллекта, философам, психологам, лингвистам, всем, кто интересуется вопросами когнитивной науки и возможностью анализа человеческого сознания методами кибернетики.
Polypoid Melanoma: Diagnostic Hardships Concerning A Rare Melanoma Variant
Authors: Boccardi Aleia , Trigg Joanna , Reiter Paloma , Papadopoulos Dimitria , Sirota Rozenberg Suzanne
Published: May 2022

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with a disproportionate amount of cases diagnosed as basal and squamous cell carcinoma. While melanoma accounts for only a small fraction of all skin cancers, it has greater potential for invasion and metastasis if not identified and treated early. Within this higher mortality subtype of skin cancer, there is a rare variant called polypoid melanoma (PM) that compounds the diagnostic hardships of distinguishing melanomas from more benign lesions. This aggressive melanoma has a wide variety of clinical presentations that can range from an amelanotic, sessile papule to a pedunculated, melanotic nodule. Its growth pattern also contributes to the lesion’s ambiguity, generally undergoing a slow development period that can spontaneously transition into rapid growth. This can present challenges for all potential parties involved, including the patient, primary physicians, and dermatologists alike. Such characteristics can act as barriers in clinically determining the urgency of a biopsy, thereby affecting time to diagnosis and prognosis of their patients. We report one such case of protracted diagnosis of polypoid amelanotic melanoma due to a combination of aesthetic ambiguity and lack of patient proactivity.
The “Brownsville Bolster”: A Novel Bolstering Technique for Full Thickness Skin Grafts
Authors: Imani Saba , Gomez-Meade Carlos
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
Step 1 as Pass/Fail: Navigating Dermatology Application Components as Holistic Review Expands
Authors: Wu Albert , Cline Abigail , Russo Marion
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
Space Medicine - The Next Frontier for Dermatology
Authors: Ramachandran Vignesh
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
Integrating Genomic Testing for Melanoma Into Your Practice
Authors: Brownstone Nicholas , Zakria Danny , Dirr McKenzie , Lu Yenn , Rigel Darrell
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
The Legacy of Lucio and Latapí: A Brief History
Authors: Carrillo Brenda
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Down Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mostafa Niyaz , Phan Kevin , Amin Tajrian , Smith Saxon
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, characterized by the presence of painful lesions and recurrent abscesses, and nodules. These lesions can later rupture to form sinus tracts and fistulas. The exact etiology of HS is currently unknown, however a link between genetic, social and environmental factors has been postulated in recent studies. A number of studies have shown a significant association between HS and down syndrome (DS), however the relationship between HS and DS is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to test for any association between HS and down syndrome.
Methods: A systematic review of existing studies was performed and data was pooled for meta-analysis. Reviews, abstracts and case reports were excluded. Eligible studies were those which investigated HS in cases of down syndrome. Studies that reported DS cases amongst HS patients were not included in the present study.
Results: A total of 6 studies were identified from systematic database searches after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between HS and down syndrome. The pooled proportion of HS cases in the DS group was 10.9% (95%CI,3.8%-27.6%). The pooled proportion of HS cases in the control group was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.8%). This difference was significantly different (P<0.001). The odds ratio is 12.02(95%CI,10.91-13.23).
Conclusion: The evidence for hidradenitis suppurativa being associated with down syndrome is very limited. The data is promising however, and further prospective studies with larger cohorts are required to reaffirm the findings in the present review.
Second Primary Malignancies After Initial Cutaneous Angiosarcoma: A SEER population-Based Study
Authors: Ramachandran Vignesh , Loya Asad , Phan Kevin
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The epidemiology of second primary malignancies is an under-investigated domain within dermatology. This notion is particularly true for more uncommon cutaneous oncologic diseases. While general epidemiological characteristics and survival data of patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma have been reported before, there is no investigation of the incidence and types of second primary malignancies (SPMs) that these patients face, which has relevance to screening and surveillance. 

Methods: The National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was utilized in this study. Initial cases of CAS were extracted and analyzed using standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks (EAR) for SPMs relative to a control population, which was matched by sex, race (white/unknown, black, other), age group (5-year interval), and calendar year (5-year interval). EAR was calculated per 10,000 persons. P-value <0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results: Compared to a matched cohort from the general population, patients with CAS demonstrated increased incidence of new malignancies (SIR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05-2.17; EAR 107.02). Specifically, there was increased risk of soft tissue malignancies, and non-epithelial skin malignancies other than melanoma/basal cell/squamous cell.

Discussion: SPMs may be linked to many etiologies, including genetic susceptibility, treatment-related sequelae, lifestyle/environmental factors, or shared risk factors. Indefinite treatments may induce SPMs. Recently, immunotherapy/immune-modulating drugs have been used to treat CAS4; this therapy may increase the risk of SPMs via immunosuppression. Shared etiology (i.e. blood vessel or soft tissue-derived neoplasms) may also explain SPMs observed. Importantly, CAS is associated with high recurrence even after complete resection.
Runner Up: Health Disparities in Melanoma Patients: Understanding the Influence of Comorbidities on Overall Survival Among Our Poorest Patient Populations
Authors: Rosenthal Amanda , Chung Joanie , Cooper Robert , Haque Reina , Kim Christina
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
Runner Up: Association of Insurance Coverage with Diagnosis of Malignant Melanoma Before and After the Affordable Care Act: A National Database Study
Authors: Ramachandran Vignesh , Ayaz Talha , Loya Asad
Published: May 2022

Abstract not available.
Parents’ attitude toward assisted oral hygiene care for their children
Authors: Poornima U. , Luke Alexander Maniangat , Mathew Simy
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

This study was conducted to understand the attitudes of parents toward oral hygiene care for children.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the parent’s reasons for brushing or not brushing their child’s teeth. Convenience sampling method was followed and 100 parents filled the 12-item self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

About 76% of the household mothers were brushing the children’s teeth. Around 41 children did not like to brush their teeth due to unpleasant taste/flavor of toothpaste. In our study, majority of the parents (73%) agreed that it is easier when both of them were present at home while their child is brushing.

Conclusion:

The present study revealed that the awareness and importance of good oral hygiene is less among the parents and the attitude of the parents toward their child’s oral hygiene is positive among mother when compared to father.
The antiviral polymerase inhibitor against Mucormycosis in silico perspective
Authors: Elfiky Abdo A. , Ibrahim Mohamed N.
Published: May 2022

During the emerging second wave of COVID-19 in India in the previous two months, of rare fungal infections the Mucormycosis, was reported and alarmed the possible epidemic of this fungal disease in COVID-19 patients and recovered persons2. The total number of reported Mucormycosis infections is high in India as compared to the global reports8. The limited oxygen supplies and the rising of the country's death toll during COVID-19 with the highest record of daily new cases attributed to many reasons including the new variant B.1.617 (delta variant) reported in India and 78 other countries.
In silico annotation of FH protein involved in Uterine Fibroids and testing the efficacy of Fraxinus americana as a potential therapeutic agent based on Docking studies
Authors: Gundlapally Jyothsna , Chintalapani Sathvika
Published: May 2022

Uterine fibroids are the women specific benign tumours also termed as uterine leiomyoma’s. These fibroids are affecting more than 80% of the women in the current generation. Most of the cases may go unnoticed and can also subside by themselves with the age of an individual. Thus in majority of the cases, they remain unidentified. Major concern rises when they become troublesome leading to menstrual disturbances or cause infertility. Further the treatment to these fibroids completely depends on the use of hormonal medications or surgery both of which are non-ideal and cause several side effects. In view of the various causes involved in fibroid onset and a strong need for the development of suitable therapy, the current work aims to identify and analyse one of the vital proteins involved in the development of these benign tumours. Fumarate hydratase is one such protein known to have key influence in the onset of fibroids. Thus FH (Fumarate Hydratase) protein was annotated structurally and functionally followed by the identification of hot spot regions within the protein. These regions are considered to be the potential targets for docking studies with the drug. The work also involves the analysis of phytochemicals from an important medicinal plant Fraxinus americana, a medicinal herb with potential antitumor activity. Docking studies were performed with the FH receptor and the compounds of the selected. The study aims to propose a better alternative to the current therapies that are based on chemicals or surgery.
Review on Antimicrobial Resistant Genes, Mechanisms and Next-Generation Antibiotics for effective treatment of MDR Pathogens
Authors: Ravindranath B.S. , Shashikumar R. , Lakshmi B.S.
Published: May 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health, food and economic development. It has extended beyond sex, age and geographical location. Though antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally, it has also been caused due to misuse and overuse of antibiotics. The threat involves the rapid extension of the infections and the limited number of drugs available for the treatment. Bacteria also exhibit adaptation, genomic alterations, competency and individual mutational variations conferring the sensitivity towards antibiotics leading to increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization and excessive hospital charges and the economic burden on the nation's productivity. This global hit problem had caused the lack of development of novel drugs, time-consuming process, limitations for novel drug discovery and challenging regulatory requirements. This study focuses on understanding and exploiting the significant information on genes involved in prioritized antibioticresistant bacteria, a novel class of next-generation antibiotics. It also elaborates on the other treatment measures available and drug repurposing.
Morphological changes of MCF7 cells incubated with quercetin
Authors: Salfarina Ramli , Zolkapli Eshak , Nurhanani Ayub , Hasseri Halim
Published: May 2022

The antiproliferative properties of quercetin along with its possible mode of cell death have been established. Nevertheless, it was found interesting to observe the morphological changes of MCF7 cells over the time of incubation with quercetin. In this study, the cytotoxic property of quercetin towards MCF7 was evaluated by MTT assay. No effect on the cellular metabolic activity of MCF7 cells after treatment with quercetin at 24 hour was found. But, 48 hours and 72 hours treatment of quercetin exhibited cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 43.18 μg/mL and 18.49 μg/mL respectively. Live cell imaging was carried out to monitor the morphological changes of the cells. Apoptosis was found absent at 24 hours, however, long-time exposure allowed quercetin to promote apoptosis. Acquired results from live cell imaging presented an insight to the morphological changes due to the respond of MCF7 cells towards quercetin.
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC CARBON AND MINERAL SALTS OF CYANOBACTERIAL MATS OF SODA LAKES IN TRANSBAIKALIA
Authors: Дмитриева О.М. , Бархутова Д.Д.
Published: May 2022

Проведено исследование изотопного состава углерода органического вещества и карбонатов циано-бактериальных матов содовых озер Забайкалья (Верхнее Белое и Хилганта). Установлено, что органическое вещество циано-бактериальных матов отличается более низким содержанием изотопа 13С от поглощаемой ими углекислоты. Для биосинтеза органического вещества фототрофные организмы матов озера Верхнее Белое преимущественно используют биогенную углекислоту, содержащую более легкий изотоп 12С. Фотосинтетики матов озера Хилганта связывают как биогенную, так и атмосферную углекислоту. Изотопный состав углерода карбонатов исследованных матов близок к составу изотопов углерода осадочных карбонатов.

A study of the isotopic composition of organic carbon and carbonates of cyanobacterial mats of soda lakes in Transbaikalia (lakes Verkhneye Beloye and Hilganta) was conducted. It was discovered that the organic matter of cyanobacterial mats differs in a lower content of the isotope 13C from the carbon dioxide absorbed by them. Phototrophic organisms of the mats from lake Verkhneye Beloe mainly use biogenic carbon dioxide containing a lighter isotope 12C for the biosynthesis of organic matter. Photosynthesizing microorganisms of Lake Hilganta bond biogenic as well as atmospheric carbon dioxide. The isotopic composition of mineral carbon of mats studied is close to the composition of carbon isotopes of residual carbonates.
GILBERT’S SYNDROME. A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Мисирова Л.М. , Жабоева М.Р. , Ногеров Ю.Н. , Нотов А.А. , Юсупова А.М. , Юсупова А.М.
Published: May 2022

Синдром Жильбера – это наследственное заболевание, развивающееся в результате повышения показателей непрямого билирубина в сыворотке крови и характеризующееся благоприятным течением. Целью данной статьи является ретроспективный анализ историй болезней больных с синдромом Жильбера, изучение особенностей течения заболевания с приведением клинического случая.

Gilbert’s syndrome is a hereditary disease that develops as a result of an increase in indirect bilirubin in the blood serum and is characterized by a favorable course. The purpose of this article is a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of patients with Gilbert’s syndrome, the study of the features of the course of the disease with the presentation of a clinical case.