bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microplastics Depuration Using Seawater In Asiatic Hard Clams (Meretrix) In The Waters Of The Jenelata River, Gowa
Authors: Yuliati  , Hasriwiani Habo Abbas  , Arni Rizqiani Rusydi  , Alfina Baharuddin  , Nur Ulmy Mahmud  , Sumiaty  , Safaruddin Marzuki
Published: February 2025

Depuration is an effort to reduce/eliminate contamination, including microplastics, using a water circulation system. This study aims to determine the effective depuration time to reduce the microplastic content in Asiatic hard clams (Meretrix). This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental research design and a completely randomized design. There are 450 clams used as an experimental animal where the treatment consisted of four depuration times, namely 1, 2, 3, and 4 days with three repetitions of each treatment, while the control clams were without depuration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to see the effect of depuration treatment on the microplastic content. If the effect of the treatment was significantly different, then the Post Hoc Test was continued to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that Asiatic hard clams (Meretrix) obtained from the mouth of the Jenelata River, Gowa, were contaminated with microplastics ranging from 0.6 to 8.1 MPs/clam and an average of 3.96 MPs/clam. Depuration time significantly affected the microplastic content in clams' depuration effectiveness. There is a tendency for a longer depuration time to decrease microplastic content in clams. The adequate depuration time to reduce the microplastic content in Asiatic hard clams (Meretrix) was 3 and 4 days. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that further research be conducted to explore methods for reducing microplastics using natural materials.
Exploration of Strategies to Overcome Dual-Triple Burden of Malnutrition in Adolescent Girls Based on Local Wisdom: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sudirman Sitti Patimah , Masriadi  , Sharief Suchi Avnalurini
Published: February 2025

The dual-triple burden of malnutrition among adolescent girls in Indonesia is a significant issue, particularly in West Sulawesi Province. Majene Regency has the second highest prevalence of malnutrition in the country, with alarming statistics showing that adolescent girls are affected by stunting (31.5%), anemia (17.9%), Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) (22.4%), and obesity (18.9%). This study aims to explore strategies for preventing and managing malnutrition based on local wisdom and cultural practices. The methodology includes qualitative-descriptive research through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews with informants from four secondary schools in Majene District. Key informants include health service heads, nutrition officers, school principals, teachers, food vendors, parents, and female students. Their insights provide a comprehensive view of the challenges and potential solutions. The findings indicate several effective strategies: (1) changing mindsets about instant foods through education; (2) promoting healthy eating and local food consumption; (3) regular distribution of iron supplements in schools; (4) encouraging physical activity; (5) innovating healthy food services in school canteens; (6) revitalizing local government programs; and (7) securing funding through School Operational Assistance and Village funds to support these initiatives. In conclusion, there are several local wisdom-based strategies that can be implemented to address malnutrition among adolescent girls. It is suggested that the results of this research can be a valuable reference for local governments, educators, and various stakeholders who are committed to improving the nutritional-health status of adolescent girls.
Evaluation of User Satisfaction of Electronic Medical Record System at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang
Authors: Rizqulloh Lutfiyah , Muhammad Iqbal  , Diah Kurniawati
Published: February 2025

From 2019 to 2022, RSI Sultan Agung Semarang managed SIMRS independently. While the implementation remained hybrid, SIMRS was turned over to a third party in early 2023 to develop Electronic Medical Records (EMR). However, in 2024, a year later, the management of SIMRS and EMR was once again independent. It was necessary to assess user satisfaction with the EMR in light of these modifications. This study aims to determine the variables affecting users' satisfaction with the EMR at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang's medical record installation. Cross-sectional research was used in conjunction with quantitative research design. Questionnaires were distributed to collect data. Purposive sampling was used in the sampling process, and 32 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The statistical test results demonstrate that all of the variable's content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness have p-values less than 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between each variable and satisfaction with the EMR. Everything about the EMR system has been going smoothly; more system development is needed to make it easier to access quickly and effectively, which will improve the timeliness of medical services. Future research should look into other variables or perform long-term studies to track changes in user satisfaction.
From data literacy to artificial intelligence literacy
Authors: Lengyelné dr. Molnár Tünde , Dr. Komló Csaba , Vas Gábor Tamás
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of data literacy, which – on the long run – promises to become a fundamental component of artificial intelligence literacy (AI literacy).
Methodology: In addition to conducting a scoping review on the interrelated topics of data literacy and artificial intelligence literacy, we also draw upon our expertise in the field of data literacy and mention among others digital literacy, media literacy and their critical approaches.
Results: In light of the considerable diversity of approaches and opinions, a significant portion of the extensive body of literature was subjected to careful examination, with a view to elucidating the nature and role of data literacy and AI literacy.
Originality/Value: The issue of AI literacy is gaining increasing attention. It is therefore important to review its history and characteristics by examining the relationship between it and other forms of digital literacy, and in particular data literacy.
Millaista tiedepääomaa alkuvaiheen luokanopettajaopiskelijoilla on?
Authors: Heikkilä Mirva , Lähteenmäki Marko , Laakkonen Eero , Mikkilä-Erdmann Mirjamaija
Published: February 2025

Nykypäivän aktiivinen kansalaisuus edellyttää ymmärrystä tieteestä ja myönteisiä asenteita sitä kohtaan. Jotta koulussa voidaan tukea tiedemyönteisyyttä, luokanopettajilla on oltava tiedepääomaa. Tiedepääomalla tarkoitamme sitä, mitä ihminen tietää tieteestä, mitä hän tieteestä ajattelee, keitä tieteeseen liittyvää ymmärtämystä omaavia ihmisiä hän tuntee ja miten nämä kaikki vaikuttavat hänen arjen toimintaansa. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitämme, millaisia tiedepääoman ulottuvuuksia on löydettävissä opintojen alkuvaiheen luokanopettajaopiskelijoilta ja miten he eroavat taustoiltaan tiedepääoman suhteen. Tutkimukseen osallistui 167 luokanopettajan koulutusohjelman ensimmäisen vuosikurssin opiskelijaa, jotka vastasivat tiedepääomakyselyyn. Aineiston analyysimenetelmänä oli eksploratiivinen faktorianalyysi. Luokanopettajaopiskelijoiden eri taustojen välisiä eroavuuksia tutkittiin riippumattomien otosten T-testillä sekä yksisuuntaisen varianssianalyysin avulla. Ensimmäisen vuoden luokanopettajaopiskelijat suhtautuivat tieteeseen pääosin myönteisesti. Taustoilla oli kuitenkin merkitystä, sillä opiskelijat, joilla oli korkeakoulutetut vanhemmat, olivat saaneet enemmän kannustusta luonnontieteisiin kuin ne, joiden vanhempien koulutus oli matalampi. Lisäksi nuoremmilla opiskelijoilla korostui mielipiteiden ja uskomusten merkitys vanhempiin opiskelijoihin verrattuna. Esitämme tutkimuksen johtopäätöksinä keinoja tiedepääoman tukemiseksi opettajankoulutuksessa.
Kriittisyys ja kriittinen ajattelu lukion opetussuunnitelman perusteissa
Authors: Tomperi Tuukka , Veijola Anna
Published: February 2025

Kriittisen ajattelun oppiminen on nykyään yksi tärkeimmiksi esitetyistä kasvatustavoitteista niin kasvatuksen teorioissa ja koulutuspolitiikan ylikansallisissa malleissa kuin kansallisissa koulutuksen käytännöissä. Myös julkisessa mediakeskustelussa ja sosiaalisessa mediassa puhe kriittisyydestä on yleistä ja usein merkitykseltään ristiriidassa käsitteen tieteellis-teoreettisen käytön kanssa. Suomalaisen yleissivistävän lukiokoulutuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteissa kriittinen ajattelu ja kriittisyys mainitaan yli 150 kertaa, ja mainintojen määrä on suuresti lisääntynyt 2000-luvun opetussuunnitelmauudistuksissa. Käsitteitä ei kuitenkaan määritellä asiakirjassa, ja vaikuttaakin siltä, että eri yhteyksissä niillä viitataan erilaisiin toimintoihin ja kasvatustavoitteisiin. Tarkastelemme artikkelissa, miten opetus suunnitelmassa puhutaan kriittisestä ajattelusta ja kriittisyydestä ja millaisia merkityksiä ne näyttävät kantavan eri asiayhteyksissä. Perustamme analyysin jäsennykseemme kriittisen ajattelun opettamisen erilaisista teoreettisista painotuksista: analyyttinen, luonnontieteellis-matemaattinen, pragmatistinen ja kriittistä pedagogiikkaa seuraava painotus. Pohdimme havaintojen merkitystä ja esitämme suosituksen siitä, että näin toistuvasti opetussuunnitelmissa esiintyvät ja ristiriitaisesti ymmärretyt ilmaisut määriteltäisiin jatkossa selvästi.
Cost of illness of Heart Valve Diseases (HVDs): A real-world analysis in Italy
Authors: Sciattella Paolo , Scortichini Matteo
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Heart valve diseases constitute a significant public health challenge with substantial clinical and economic implications. The ageing population, coupled with advancements in surgical techniques, has led to increased hospitalizations for cardiac valve interventions over the past decade. Despite progress, the economic burden of heart valve diseases remains underexplored, particularly in the context of the Italian healthcare system. This study aims to comprehensively assess the economic burden of heart valve diseases in Italy through a real-world analysis.
Methods: Using data from the national Italian Hospital Discharge Records (SDO), we identified the number of adult patients undergoing interventions on the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves, along with the associated costs borne by the National Health System. Additionally, we estimated indirect costs by analyzing social security benefit applications related to valve diseases from 2016 to 2019.
Results: A notable rise in hospitalizations for cardiac valve interventions, particularly for the aortic (+53.3%) and mitral valves (+29.5%) was revealed through the study period. In-hospital mortality rates declined, reflecting advancements in perioperative care. The economic burden of heart valve diseases in Italy was substantial, with hospitalization costs reaching €808 million in 2018. Social security benefit applications also increased, adding an annual cost of €29 million.
Conclusions: Heart valve diseases represent a growing clinical and socio-economic challenge in Italy. This study underscores the imperative for a multidisciplinary approach to effectively manage these conditions. Emphasizing prevention, early diagnosis, and timely interventions is crucial to mitigate the economic impact and enhance the quality of life for patients.
Non-ischemic phenotypes of low-risk chest pain patients based on exercise stress echocardiography: a pilot study
Authors: Ryabova Tamara , Abramenko Elena , Yolgin Ivan , Zavadovsky Konstantin , Ryabov Vyacheslav
Published: February 2025

Objective

A significant proportion (∼85%) of low-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients do not receive objective confirmation of ischemia by stress echocardiography (SE), yet remain a healthcare burden due to lower long-term survival and overuse of medical services. We aimed to identify non-ischemic phenotypes in low-risk NSTE-ACS patients by analyzing a wide range of parameters available during exercise SE.

Methods

Inpatients [n = 103, median age 56 (46–65) years, 65 (63%) men] with suspected NSTE-ACS without high-risk criteria underwent exercise SE using a semi-supine cycle ergometer. Abnormal stress biomarkers [regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs), ST-segment depression, induced angina, peak systolic blood pressure, force-based contractile reserve (CR), heart rate reserve (HRR), and low exercise capacity] were used for phenotyping. Non-ischemic phenotypes were identified as patients not belonging to the clusters with the highest rates of RWMA, ST-segment depression, and induced angina. Invasive or non-invasive coronary angiography was used to assess coronary anatomy.

Results

The majority (90%) of patients presented with one or more abnormal stress biomarkers. Cluster analysis revealed six phenotypes, four of which were classified as non-ischemic and identified in 65 (63%) patients. Non-ischemic phenotypes differed in the prevalence of hypertensive response, reduced CR, and reduced HRR. Among patients with non-ischemic phenotypes, the incidence of coronary artery disease was low (23%).

Conclusions

Four non-ischemic phenotypes of low-risk NSTE-ACS patients were identified: “near-normal type,” “inotropic insufficiency type,” “hypertensive type,” and “chronotropic insufficiency type.” Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term significance of the obtained phenotypes.
Dietary and lifestyle oxidative balance scores and their impact on cardiovascular diseases: exploring the mediating influence of hepatic function and blood lipid levels
Authors: He Yi , Lan Ying
Published: February 2025

Background

Limited evidence exists regarding the association between oxidative stress induced by dietary and lifestyle factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods

We conducted a weighted analysis using data from 13,530 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), covering the period from 2003 to 2018. The total oxidative balance score (OBS) was derived from 20 oxidative stress-related exposures, including dietary and lifestyle factors. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were performed to examine the association between OBS and CVDs. To further investigate the nonlinear relationship, we employed restricted cubic spline analysis and threshold effect analysis. Additionally, we assessed whether hepatic function and blood lipid levels mediate the OBS-CVDs relationship.

Results

This study included 13,530 participants, representing a weighted population of 81,006,649.2 individuals. After adjusting for potential confounders, a linear relationship was observed between total OBS, dietary OBS, and CVDs, while lifestyle OBS exhibited a nonlinear association, with a significant threshold effect at a score of 4. When the lifestyle OBS exceeded this threshold, a marked negative correlation with CVDs was observed. Furthermore, albumin (Alb) mediated 23.59% of the relationship between the total OBS and CVDs.

Conclusions

Lower levels of total OBS were inversely associated with CVDs. This association was partially mediated by blood lipid levels and hepatic function. Interventions focusing on antioxidant-rich dietary and lifestyle modifications may play a pivotal role in reducing the possibility of CVDs.
Gas content prediction model considering multi-factor coupling on shale by simplified local density model
Authors: Liu Haomin , Zhang Ran , Cui Ruikang
Published: February 2025

The quantity of gas adsorbed by shale, typically quantified using the Langmuir equation in isothermal adsorption experiments, is a critical metric for evaluating the gas content and resource potential of shale formations. However, the Langmuir equation frequently underestimates the actual adsorption capacity of shale gas reservoirs because it does not differentiate between excess and absolute adsorption capacities. To address this limitation, the simplified local density (SLD) model effectively characterizes excess adsorption in porous materials. Consequently, the SLD model was employed alongside isothermal adsorption experiments conducted under diverse conditions. The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm was utilized to develop a shale adsorption model that integrates the effects of pressure, temperature, and moisture. To achieve this, several isothermal adsorption experiments with methane were conducted at various temperatures and water saturation levels, facilitating a detailed analysis of adsorption mechanisms influenced by temperature and moisture individually. Additionally, the combined effects of these factors on the adsorption mechanism were examined, resulting in a predictive adsorption model that incorporates both temperature and moisture variables, based on the SLD model and LM algorithm. The findings demonstrate that the SLD model effectively fits shale gas adsorption data under varied conditions, with average absolute deviations remaining below 10%. When both temperature and moisture simultaneously impact the adsorption capacity of shale gas, their effects tend to counteract each other, as they primarily influence methane adsorption within the same shale pores. The temperature- and moisture-responsive model derived from the SLD framework can predict the quantity of gas adsorbed in shale under varying temperatures and water saturation conditions. Experimental data from isothermal adsorption studies of Longmaxi shale, along with corroborating literature, confirm the model’s validity and applicability.
Unveiling formative assessment in Ethiopian higher education institutions: practices and socioeconomic influences
Authors: Wondim Mebrat Gedfie , Dessie Behailu Atinafu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Formative assessment tries to improve learning rather than simply providing judgments on learners’ achievement.

Objective

The purpose of the study is to examine the practice of formative assessment (FA) and the influence of socio-demographic factors (experience, education, and university category) on the practice.

Methods

The study used a quantitative research approach with a descriptive survey research design, with data collected from 319 teachers through a questionnaire designed to measure three major components of FA (feedback, alignment of FA with objectives and contents, peer, and self-assessment). To select the participants, this study used both stratified and random sampling techniques. The data analysis techniques used were both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

The analysis revealed that most higher education teachers did not use formative assessment strategies to help students progress. This was shown by miss aligning FA strategies with learning objectives and contents of the course; improper feedback for learners, and lack of learners’ involvement in the assessment procedure. We did one-way ANOVA, a statistical test that reveals whether the differences we identified between groups were due to chance or were genuinely significant. The analysis noted that the level of practicing FA was found to differ significantly by university category and experience in teaching. However, ‘educational level’ yielded non-significant results on the extent of practicing FA, implying that a higher degree does not imply that a more likely to use FA strategies.

Conclusions and recommendations

Overall, teachers in higher education institutions were not practicing FA strategies. Thus, universities are required to organize discussions and training that would enable teachers to recognize and discharge their multifaceted roles in performing FA.
Spatiotemporal patterns and dynamic mechanisms of ecosystem services in the coastal zone of China
Authors: Chen Mingbao , Li Maolin , Wang Ping
Published: February 2025

Ecosystem services (ESs) are a key component of social-ecological system (SES). Exploring the spatial processes of coastal ESs is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of coastal zones. This study investigates the spatial patterns of ESs and their interrelationships, identifies the key driving mechanisms, and subsequently offers sustainable management strategies. The major results reveal that (1) ESs exhibit a fluctuating growth trend (k = 0.017, R2 = 0.175) from 2000 to 2022, but their synergistic effects are gradually weakening; Spatially, ESs show a pattern of higher levels in the south and lower levels in the north, with a significant north-south disparity; In the future, ESs exhibit a slight upward trend (mean Hurst = 0.516), with the spatial processes in the southern region being stronger than those in the northern region. (2) ESs are more strongly influenced by social factors and less affected by natural factors. Natural factors have a weak positive influence on ESs, while the opposite is true for social factors; Social factors exert a stronger nonlinear mechanism on ESs than natural factors. (3) The spatial processes of ESs demonstrate a pronounced aggregation pattern, which can serve as a basis for spatial partitioning. As a result, we integrate local realities and governance knowledge into spatial planning to support the sustainable development of SES.
Quantifying and mitigating bias and increased variability when using large-scale estimates of forests for subdomains
Authors: Golinkoff Jordan , Zapata-Cuartas Mauricio , Witt Emily , Bausch Adam , O’Leary Donal , Khatami Reza , Ma Wu
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an empirical method to calculate a conservative discount factor when applying a large-scale estimate to an internal subset of areas (subdomains) that accounts for both the precision (variability) and potential bias of the estimate of the subset (i.e., the small area estimated within the large-scale framework). This method is presented in the context of forest carbon offset quantification and therefore considers how to conservatively adjust a large-scale estimate when applied to a subdomain within the original estimation domain. The approach outlined can be used for individual or aggregated carbon projects and allows large-scale estimates of forest stocks to be scaled down to project and stand-level results by discounting estimates to account for the potential variability and bias of the estimates. The conceptual basis for this approach is built upon a method described in Neeff’s 2021 publication and in 2024 was adopted by the American Carbon Registry for use in the Small Non-Industrial Private Forestlands (SNIPF) methodology. Although this publication uses an example dataset from the Southeastern United States and is specific to the ACR SNIPF Improved Forest Management (IFM) protocol, the intent of this study is to introduce a method that can be applied in any forest type or geography using any forest carbon offset protocol where there exist independent estimates of forest carbon stocks that overlap with the large-scale estimates. The application of this method relies on user-defined levels of risk and inventory confidence combined with the distribution of observed error. This method allows remote sensing estimates of carbon stocks to be applied to forest carbon offset quantification. By doing so, this approach can reduce the costs for forest landowners and can therefore help to increase the impact of these market-based forest carbon offset programs on forest conservation and climate change mitigation.
Energy-aware operation of HPC systems in Germany
Authors: Suarez Estela , Bockelmann Hendryk , Eicker Norbert , Eitzinger Jan , El Sayed Salem , Fieseler Thomas , Frank Martin , Frech Peter , Giesselmann Pay , Hackenberg Daniel , Hager Georg , Herten Andreas , Ilsche Thomas , Koller Bastian , Laure Erwin , Manzano Cristina , Oeste Sebastian , Ott Michael , Reuter Klaus , Schneider Ralf , Thust Kay , von St. Vieth Benedikt
Published: February 2025

High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are among the most energy-intensive scientific facilities, with electric power consumption reaching and often exceeding 20 Megawatts per installation. Unlike other major scientific infrastructures such as particle accelerators or high-intensity light sources, which are few around the world, the number and size of supercomputers are continuously increasing. Even if every new system generation is more energy efficient than the previous one, the overall growth in size of the HPC infrastructure, driven by a rising demand for computational capacity across all scientific disciplines, and especially by Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads, rapidly drives up the energy demand. This challenge is particularly significant for HPC centers in Germany, where high electricity costs, stringent national energy policies, and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability are key factors. This paper describes various state-of-the-art strategies and innovations employed to enhance the energy efficiency of HPC systems within the national context. Case studies from leading German HPC facilities illustrate the implementation of novel heterogeneous hardware architectures, advanced monitoring infrastructures, high-temperature cooling solutions, energy-aware scheduling, and dynamic power management, among other optimisations. By reviewing best practices and ongoing research, this paper aims to share valuable insight with the global HPC community, motivating the pursuit of more sustainable and energy-efficient HPC architectures and operations.
CD8α and CD70 mark human natural killer cell populations which differ in cytotoxicity
Authors: Rey Camille , Jones Katherine L. , Stacey Kevin B. , Evans Alicia , Worboys Jonathan D. , Howell Gareth , Sheppard Sam , Davis Daniel M.
Published: February 2025

Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that can directly detect and kill cancer cells. Understanding the molecular determinants regulating human NK cell cytotoxicity could help harness these cells for cancer therapies. To this end, we compared the transcriptome of NK cell clones derived from human peripheral blood, which were strongly or weakly cytotoxic against 721.221 and other target cells. After one month of culture, potent NK cell clones showed a significant upregulation in genes involved in cell cycle progression, suggesting that proliferating NK cells were particularly cytotoxic. Beyond two months of culture, NK cell clones which were strongly cytotoxic varied in their expression of 28 genes, including CD8Α and CD70; NK cells with high levels of CD70 expression were weakly cytotoxic while high CD8Α correlated with strong cytotoxicity. Thus, NK cells were cultured and sorted for expression of CD70 and CD8α, and in accordance with the transcriptomic data, CD70+ NK cells showed low cytotoxicity against 721.221 and K562 target cells. Cytotoxicity of CD70+ NK cells could be enhanced using blocking antibodies against CD70, indicating a direct role for CD70 in mediating low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, time-lapse microscopy of NK cell-target cell interactions revealed that CD8α+ NK cells have an increased propensity to sequentially engage and kill multiple target cells. Thus, these two markers relate to NK cell populations which are capable of potent killing (CD70-) or serial killing (CD8α+).
Clinical application of Myxovirus resistance protein A as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate viral and bacterial respiratory infections in pediatric patients
Authors: Zhu Min , Chen Lijin , Cao Jiali , Cai Jianguo , Huang Shuying , Wang Huibin , He Huanjuan , Chen Zimin , Huang Rongfu , Ye Huiming
Published: February 2025

Background

Differentiating between viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients remains a significant diagnostic challenge, often leading to the overuse of antibiotics. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) has been identified as a promising biomarker for viral infections. This study aimed to assess the fluctuations in blood MxA levels among children with viral respiratory infections and to explore the differences in MxA levels between viral and bacterial infections, focusing on clinical implications for antibiotic use.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure MxA levels in a cohort of 314 children with respiratory tract infections and 89 healthy controls. The study compared MxA levels across children with viral, bacterial, and mixed infections. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections or between viral and co-infections, with additional comparisons to other established infection biomarkers.

Results

MxA levels were significantly elevated in children with viral infections (n=205) compared to bacterial infections (n=21) (p<0.0001). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that MxA had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8019 (95% CI: 0.6989 to 0.9049) for distinguishing viral from bacterial infections. Combining MxA with C-reactive protein (CRP) further enhanced diagnostic performance, achieving an AUC of 0.8713 (95% CI: 0.7916 to 0.9510). However, the use of MxA or MxA/CRP alone is insufficient to differentiate viral and viral - bacterial coinfection. The AUC of MxA is 0.5161 (95% CI: 0.4392 to 0.5930), and the AUC of MxA/CRP is 0.5429 (95% CI: 0.4705 to 0.6153).

Conclusions

This study highlights the diagnostic potential of MxA as a biomarker for differentiating viral from bacterial respiratory infections in children. The combined use of MxA and CRP offers a novel approach to improve diagnostic accuracy. Still, a combination with other clinical and laboratory markers remains required to determine whether to administer antibiotics to children with respiratory tract infections.
Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and central obesity in pediatric populations: a cross-sectional and cohort study
Authors: Zhang Qian , Kong Bingxuan , Zhou Zhiyu , Liu Fangqu , Wen Erya , Lin Bingliang , Xuan Peng , Lu Wenlong , Su Zhe , Li Yanyan , Tang Yuhan , Xiong Jingfan , Yao Ping , Li Yan
Published: February 2025

Background

Central obesity in children represents a significant public health concern due to its strong association with an elevated risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-related chronic inflammation. Despite its potential relevance, the specific relationship between central obesity and SII in the pediatric population remains insufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between SII and central obesity, with a particular focus on the potential of SII as a predictor of central obesity and a means of preventing obesity at an early stage of life.

Methods

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were employed as obesity proxies. Central obesity was defined according to WHtR with a cutoff value of 0.46. The implications of SII on central obesity were examined in a sample of 4,730 individuals in 2021 and validated through a prospective study involving 1,425 subjects in 2023. Cross-sectional associations between SII and central obesity were examined using binomial logistic regression models and generalized linear models. The restricted cubic spline regression was used to explore the non-linear relationship between SII and obesity indicators. In a prospective study, we employed a modified Poisson regression model to investigate the potential causal relationship between SII and central obesity.

Results

Cross-sectionally, adolescents in the highest quartile of SII levels exhibited the greatest risk for central obesity(OR=3.07, 95% CI:2.45~3.87) when compared to those in the lowest quartile. Subgroup analyses showed that higher SII was associated with central obesity. Longitudinally, individuals in the highest SII quartile were found to have the highest risk of developing central obesity (RR=1.83, 95% CI:1.18~2.83) over time.
Effect of rapid rehabilitation surgery on postoperative rehabilitation, complications and long-term prognosis in radical laryngectomy: a PSM matching study
Authors: Huang Yibo , Wang Meifang , Pu Jianfeng , Zang Yunpeng , He Teng
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the effects of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) on postoperative rehabilitation, complications, and long-term prognosis in patients undergoing radical laryngectomy using a single-center propensity score matching (PSM) study.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study included patients newly diagnosed with laryngeal cancer between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2021, scheduled for partial laryngectomy. The control group (CG) comprised patients treated with standard interventions in 2019, while the research group (RG) included patients undergoing ERAS in 2020. After exclusions, 233 individuals remained: 94 in the RG and 204 in the CG. Following PSM in a 2:1 ratio, there were 180 in the CG and 90 in the RG. Relevant indices were analyzed.

Results

No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). The RG showed significantly lower hospital stay, nasogastric tube and tracheal cannula duration, early enteral nutrition, hospitalization expenses, and readmission rates compared to the CG (p < 0.05). The RG had higher albumin and prealbumin levels on postoperative days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05) but not on day 1 (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in 1-year or 2-year overall survival rates, nor in recurrence-free survival rates between the groups (p > 0.05), though the RG showed marginally better survival.

Conclusion

ERAS treatment for postoperative laryngeal cancer patients reduces hospitalization duration, nasogastric tube and tracheal cannula use, costs, readmission rates, and complications, while accelerating recovery and facilitating early discharge. ERAS enhances patient comfort and clinical outcomes, supporting broader clinical adoption.
The distribution of aerobic bacteria in Chinese cropland is linked to the soil texture
Authors: Jiamin Xiao , Haonan Wu , Chao Xu , Yajun Hu , Zhiwen Xu , Dongxu Zhang , Abo Li , Xiaomeng Wei , Tida Ge , Gehong Wei
Published: February 2025

Aerobic bacteria extensively drive the carbon cycle in soil owing to their vigorous respiration; however, their geographical distribution and mechanisms remain poorly understood. The citric acid synthetase-encoding gene (gltA), which encodes the key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of aerobic respiration, was used as a marker gene to investigate the geographical distribution of aerobic bacteria in Chinese agricultural fields. The abundance and diversity of gltA-harboring bacteria changed unimodally as the latitude increased, with peak values at middle latitudes, where the dominant species showed the lowest relative abundance. Despite the different water management practices, our data found little difference in the abundance, diversity, or relative abundance of the dominant species of gltA-harboring bacteria between paddy and upland soils on a large scale, which was significantly affected by the soil type (black, fluvo-aquic, and red), which can be defined by the soil texture. Linear regression and random forest model analyses indicated that soil texture strongly regulated the community of gltA-harboring bacteria, particularly the abundance of this functional guild. Generally, less abundant and diverse gltA-harboring bacteria were observed in soils with higher clay content. We identified biomarkers in the different soil types using linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. The results suggest a significant correlation between soil texture and most of these biomarkers. Additionally, the biomarkers in black soil were mainly r-strategists, which include Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content. In contrast, the biomarkers in fluvo-aquic soil were generally K-strategists, such as Acidobacteria, Ktedonobacteraceae, Planctobacteriaceae, and Frankia were negatively correlated with soil organic carbon content. These different biomarkers likely play distinct roles in soil carbon sequestration. This study provides foundational insights into the role of aerobic bacteria in soil and enhances our understanding of microbial contributions to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon.
Uranium contamination mediating soil and ore microbial community assembly at four mining sites, South China
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Sheng Yizhi , Wang Shuaidi , Chen Yu , Qiao Zhiyuan , Guo Huaming , Dong Hailiang
Published: February 2025

Uranium mining presents significant environmental challenges, particularly through radiological contamination affecting soil and water bodies. While soil microbial communities are known to be influenced by geochemical factors like pH and nutrient availability, their responses to severe uranium contamination in mine tailing environments remain poorly understood. This study investigated microbial community distributions in soils and uranium ores at four uranium mining sites in South China to explore microbial adaptations to uranium contamination. Uranium concentrations ranged from 170 to 18,000 mg/kg, with the most severely contaminated samples dominated by Cyanobacteria, which comprised up to 49.17% of the microbial community. Proteobacteria, such as Sphingomonas, were also abundant, indicating their roles in radiation resistance, while Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteria showed negative responses to uranium. Addition of lime to neutralize the acidity in mine tailings led to an increase in Gemmatimonadaceae, a family commonly found under oligotrophic conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses confirmed uranium concentration as the primary factor influencing microbial composition, along with pH values, total nitrogen, and contents of Fe2O3 and SiO2 in soils. Co-occurrence network analysis suggested that extremely high uranium concentrations disrupted microbial interrelationships, reflecting communities lived more independently and adopted strategies to cope with the intense selective pressure. Intriguingly, dispersal limitation governed 90% of community assembly in high-uranium environments (>10,000 mg/kg), suggesting more isolated ecological niches. Deterministic processes such as heterogeneous and homogeneous selection only dominated the community assembly at relatively moderate to low uranium levels. These findings provide insights into the ecological dynamics of uranium-contaminated sites and related bioremediation strategies.
Simulated driving behavior over the adult age span
Authors: Menze Felix , Churchill Nathan W. , Schweizer Tom A. , Graham Simon J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Motor vehicle accidents remain a leading cause of accidental death worldwide. Death and injury rates are particularly high for both young inexperienced drivers and elderly drivers. Understanding the behavioral changes that are associated with maturation and aging could inform assessments of driving performance and lead to new measures identifying at-risk drivers. To shed further light on such effects, this study aims to characterize simulated driving behavior across and within age groups using a large driving simulation dataset.

Methods

The analyzed dataset consisted of 112 participants [47/112 (42%) female] between the ages of 17 and 85 (average ± standard deviation: 54 ± 22 years). Participants performed navigation in scenarios modeled after the standard licensing test of Ontario, Canada, which included a series of turns at intersections with different levels of complexity (e.g., involving oncoming traffic or pedestrians) and levels of distraction (requiring auditory responses to common-knowledge questions). Behavioral metrics were defined and investigated not only for the full completion of each task but also based on common subtasks (e.g., braking at an intersection), which were then compared across and within age groups (young, middle-aged, old).

Results

Overall, young adults behaved similarly to middle-aged adults for basic tasks but showed differences during traffic navigation subtasks when distracted, such as starting to decelerate significantly later when approaching intersections. Old drivers, on the other hand, drove at lower average speed, stopped earlier at intersections, and left increased distances to pedestrians, but required significantly more time to complete the driving tasks.

Conclusion

With rich detail arising from intra-task quantification, the results were consistent with and additive to previous literature showcasing that compared to middle-aged adults, young adults showed performance suggestive of riskier driving behavior, and old adults showed performance suggestive of caution consequent to declining driving ability. In particular, the intra-task quantification revealed that the driving of young adults was more impacted by the presence of distraction (e.g., delayed decelerating), whereas old adults prioritized safe driving (e.g., correctly braking at intersections) over responding to distractions. The study may be used as motivation for future studies of driving safety and accident prevention, and informed assessment of governmental regulations.
Connecting the dots: microstructural properties of white matter hyperintensities predict longitudinal cognitive changes in ageing
Authors: Courtney Michael , Carey Daniel , Murphy Stephen , Knight Silvin , Meaney James F. , Kenny Rose Anne , De Looze Céline
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and longitudinal cognitive decline in older adults. Using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), we examined WMH characteristics, including volume, location, and microstructural integrity, in a community-dwelling population of 497 individuals over a six-year period. WMHs were categorised into phenotypes based on their size, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD), with subtypes for periventricular and deep white matter lesions. We hypothesised that larger, microstructurally compromised lesions would be associated with accelerated cognitive decline. We isolated 11,933 WMHs, with an average of 24 WMHs per individual. Of these lesions, 6,056 (51%) were classified as Low Volume – High FA, 3193 (27%) were classified as Low Volume – Low FA and 2684 (22%) were classified as High Volume, Low FA. Our findings demonstrate that high-volume, low FA deep (p = 0.05) and periventricular (p = 0.004) lesions were significantly linked to cognitive decline (X = 12.9, p = 0.004), whereas small periventricular lesions with near normal microstructural properties do not predict cognitive decline. These results suggest that distinct WMH phenotypes may serve as markers for differential risks of cognitive impairment, providing potential targets for early intervention in at-risk populations.
Multiscale brain modeling: bridging microscopic and macroscopic brain dynamics for clinical and technological applications
Authors: Krejcar Ondrej , Namazi Hamidreza
Published: February 2025

The brain’s complex organization spans from molecular-level processes within neurons to large-scale networks, making it essential to understand this multiscale structure to uncover brain functions and address neurological disorders. Multiscale brain modeling has emerged as a transformative approach, integrating computational models, advanced imaging, and big data to bridge these levels of organization. This review explores the challenges and opportunities in linking microscopic phenomena to macroscopic brain functions, emphasizing the methodologies driving progress in the field. It also highlights the clinical potential of multiscale models, including their role in advancing artificial intelligence (AI) applications and improving healthcare technologies. By examining current research and proposing future directions for interdisciplinary collaboration, this work demonstrates how multiscale brain modeling can revolutionize both scientific understanding and clinical practice.
Early-life stress differentially affects CA3 synaptic inputs converging on apical and basal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Jappy David , Sokolov Rostislav , Dobryakova Yulia , Krut’ Viktoriya , Maltseva Ksenia , Fedulina Anastasia , Smirnov Ivan , Rozov Andrei
Published: February 2025

There is evidence that stress factors and negative experiences in early in life may affect brain development leading to mental disorders in adulthood. At the early stage of postnatal ontogenesis, the central nervous system has high plasticity, which decreases with maturation. Most likely, this high plasticity is necessary for establishing synaptic connections between different types of neurons, regulating the strength of individual synapses, and ultimately forming properly functioning neuronal networks. The vast majority of studies have examined the effects of early-life stress (ELS) on gene expression or behavior and memory. However, the impact of ELS on functional synaptic development and on the plastic properties of excitatory and inhibitory synapses are currently much less understood. Based on data obtained in a few studies it has been suggested that ELS reduces long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal cell synapses in adulthood. Nevertheless, different groups have reported somewhat contradictory results. In this report we show that ELS differentially affects LTP at CA3 to CA1 pyramidal cell inputs, at synapses on apical dendrites LTP is reduced, while LTP at synapses formed by CA3 pyramidal cells on basal dendrites remains unaffected.
The role of blood–brain barrier dysfunction in cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder—a narrative review
Authors: Millett Caitlin E. , Monir Faria , Sanelli Pina
Published: February 2025

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and debilitating mental illness affecting approximately 40 million people worldwide. Cognitive impairment is a core feature of BD, impacting daily functioning and persisting even during mood stability. Cognitive deficits are among the most reliable indicators of long-term functional outcomes in BD. Despite their significance, there are currently no widely available treatments targeting cognitive impairment in BD, largely due to our limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. A healthy blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for brain homeostasis, serving as a protective filter that restricts peripheral toxins, pathogens, and ions from entering the brain and disrupting neuronal function. Increased BBB permeability can allow harmful substances to infiltrate the brain, potentially leading to neuroinflammation, disrupted signaling, and damage to brain tissue, all of which may contribute to cognitive impairments in BD. Thus, BBB dysfunction could represent an upstream driver of cognitive impairment in BD, offering a potential target for disease-modifying interventions. This narrative review examined the evidence for the link between BBB permeability and cognitive deficits in BD. Our search yielded limited studies with mixed findings, highlighting the significant need for further research to explore this critical area and its potential for developing disease-modifying treatments.