bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRCA-associated ovarian cancer in the russian patient population. Analysis of the non-interventional study Ovatar
Authors: Tikhomirova T. T. , Tyulyandina A. S. , Rumyantsev A. A. , Israelyan E. R. , Kekeeva T. V. , Vedrova O. V. , Filipenko M. L. , Lyubchenko L. N. , Demidova I. A. , Imyanitov E. N. , Andreev S. Y. , Khokhlova S. V. , Saevets V. V. , Statsenko G. B. , Kolomiets L. A. , Tkachenko S. A. , Koroleva I. A. , Lisyanskaya A. S. , Bakashvili O. A. , Krikunova L. I. , Solovieva E. P. , Ponomarenko D. M. , Vladimirova L. Y. , Krasilnikov S. E. , Shirinkin V. B. , Sakaeva D. D. , Rumyantseva E. A. , Emeliyanov S. A. , Stroyakovskiy D. L. , Novikova E. G. , Ronina E. A. , Vladimirov V. I. , Novikova O. Y. , Zagumennova L. S. , Gorobtsova V. V. , Cherepanova E. V. , Pashkova E. N. , Moiseyenko V. M. , Ivanova F. G. , Udovitsa D. P. , Karaseva V. V. , Tyulyandin S. A.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the proportion of BRCA1 / 2 mutations in patients with serous and endometrioid cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum in Russia, to evaluate the percentage of germinal and somatic mutations, to identify the spectrum of mutations in BRCA1 / 2 genes, to evaluate clinical and morphological features of the BRCA-associated ovarian cancer (OC).Patients and methods: The study enrolled patients of 18 years and older with newly diagnosed serous and endometrioid cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum. Biological material (blood, tumor tissue) was collected, followed by molecular genetic analysis. The method of mutations detecting in the blood were: allele-specific PCR, high-resolution melting (HRM), Sanger sequencing method. Advanced genetic testing included the use of generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplex amplification of ligated probes (MLPA). The collection of clinical data, family history, clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumor was performed.Results: 500 patients were included in the study, the evaluation of BRCA1 / 2 mutations was performed in 496 patients (99,2 %). The frequency of BRCA1 / 2 mutations in the Russian patient population was 28,4 % (n = 141 / 496). The incidence of germinal mutations was 23,5 % (n = 117 / 141), and somatic — 4,8 % (n = 24 / 141). Frequent mutations in the Russian population were identified in 50 % of cases. When analyzing the ethnicity of patients in the Russian Federation BRCA-associated OC was most common in Russian (83,6 %, n = 118 / 141), Ukrainian (4,2 %, n = 6 / 141) and Tatar (3,5 %, n = 5 / 141) women. A family history of cancer was detected in 44 % of patients (n = 62 / 141) with BRCA1 / 2 mutations.Conclusions: Due to the high frequency of germinal and somatic BRCA1 / 2 mutations in the Russian patients it is recommended to conduct the advanced testing methods not only in blood samples but also in tumor tissue.
Current opportunities for combined treatment of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Titov K.  S. , Kuzmenko A.  A. , Bagatelia Z.  A. , Grekov D.  N. , Yakomaskin V.  N. , Petrosyan T.  V.
Published: January 2024

Patients with locally advanced gastric cancer are at high risk of peritoneal dissemination. Poor prognosis after surgical treatment is mostly associated with presence of free tumor cells in peritoneal cavity that were not identified during pre-surgery examination. Staging laparoscopy and peritoneal washing with cytological examination are now routinely used to detect peritoneal carcinomatosis and for an accurate cancer staging.Yet there is no standard treatment for patients with morphologically confirmed peritoneal dissemination of gastric origin. International oncological associations such as NCCN, ESMO and AJCC identify presence of free tumor cells in peritoneal cavity as distant metastasis where palliative chemotherapy is recommended as the only treatment option. Literature review shows that even if complete regression of micrometastases is achieved after chemotherapy alone, survival rate of this group of patients remains poor.Today some authors prove combined treatment strategies for patients with peritoneal micrometastases of gastric origin to be effective. Because of the limited number of patients included in these studies there is no specific combined treatment scheme that can be recommended as a standard protocol of treatment patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Molecular genetic characteristics of colorectal cancer
Authors: Seferov B.  D. , Grickevich O.  Yu. , Lazarev A.  E. , Golubinskaya E.  P. , Maksimova P.  E.
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer ranks third among all cancers. More than 1 million cases are registered annually in the world, half of which are fatal. The investigation of the molecular genetic mechanisms of tumors’ development is relevant, which is an important contribution to the prospect of determining the prognosis and treatment tactics. This review presents the current classification of the mechanisms of tumor progression in colorectal cancer.
A case of primary multiple synchronous radiogenic cancer in clinical practice
Authors: Menshikov K.  V. , Sultanbaev A.  V. , Musin S.  I. , Izmailov A.  A. , Menshikova I.  A. , Chalov V.  S. , Sultanbaeva N.  I. , Lipatov D.  O.
Published: January 2024

There is an increase in the number of patients with secondary malignant neoplasms. In addition, in some subgroups after radical cancer treatment, the lifetime risk of developing secondary malignant neoplasms can be as high as 33 %. Secondary malignancies remain an important cause of death in patients who have received radical cancer treatment. The presented clinical case demonstrates the risk of developing primary multiple malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy and chemotherapy. A 39‑year-old patient with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma underwent definitive treatment including chemo-and radiotherapy. Ten years later, the patient developed the induced multiple malignant tumors: a malignant neoplasm of the heart — myofibrosarcoma of the right ventricle with invasion of the anterior wall of the right ventricle Stage IIIB G2T3N0M0, left breast cancer Stage IIIA T3N2M0. The choice of treatment tactics for this category of patients remains particularly difficult.
The diagnosis of hereditary cancer syndromes with atypical manifestation: clinical cases
Authors: Makarova M.  V. , Nemtsova M.  V. , Belenikin M.  S. , Krinitsina A.  A. , Chernevskiy D.  K. , Baranova E.  E. , Sagaydak O.  V. , Byakhova M.  M. , Kulikova E.  N. , Chernova A.  P. , Dorofeev A.  A.
Published: January 2024

Background: Germinal pathogenic variants are the cause of the development of hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS). Various genetic tests are used for HCS detect, from the «frequent» mutations of one or several genes analysis to the full-length gene sequence, next-generation sequencing (NGS) based panel, whole exome (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS).There are some HCS cases with atypical clinical manifestations and the family history does not allow one to suspect a specific HCS and limit oneself to the study of only one or a few genes. Conducting research using NGS to assess the selected sample of cancer patient’s genetic characteristics has revealed atypical HCS cases.Aim: To present the WGS diagnosis results for two atypical hereditary tumor syndromes cases.Materials and methods: DNA isolation was performed using Qiagen DNA Isolation kit. WGS for all samples was performed at DNBSEQ-T7 (MGI) and DNBSEQ-G400 (MGI) sequencing platforms using PCR-free protocol with average sample coverage 30x. A standard bioinformatics analysis pipeline was implemented for all the samples data processing.Potential clinically relevant variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. For all patients was received signed a written consent.Results: In the first case report, a pathogenic variant in the TP53 gene was identified: c. 637C > T, p. Arg213Ter, rs397516436, and Li – Fraumeni syndrome was confirmed. In the second case, we detected two pathogenic variants carrier — BRCA2: c. 6644_6647del, p. Tyr2215SerfsTer13, rs80359616 and MSH2: c. 1906G > C, p. Ala636Pro, rs63750875 associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and hereditary colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).Conclusion: NGS, including WGS makes it easier to identify all clinically significant germline variants associated with hereditary cancer syndromes in cancer patients, as well as to trace their segregation in relatives.
Territorial Differences in Hungary's Residential Property Market
Authors: Orosz Dániel , Péter Zsolt
Published: January 2024

Investigations related to residential real estate can still be considered topical issues today. During our research, on the one hand, we drew conclusions based on long-term data series, and on the other hand, with the help of horizontal, territorial investigations, we revealed spatial correlations regarding the events of the past decade. In our article, firstly we reviewed some concepts related to real estate, with special attention to the domestic literature. With the help of long time series data, we examined the relationship between the change in the residential population and the stock of residential real estate. We have revealed connections, or we specified the number of built residential properties and the real income per capita, as well as examined the distribution of apartments according to comfort in the regions of our country. During our research, we also looked at how the concentration of housing transactions between private individuals changed in relation to the Central Hungarian region and the countryside. Using the 2010 and 2020 data, the Moran I index and based on the territorial autocorrelation, we clarified our correlations regarding the number of built residential real estates.
Digital Intensity and Technology Adoption in European Enterprises: Comparative Analysis Using NRI and DESI 2023 Data
Authors: Csiszár Csilla Margit
Published: January 2024

A number of targets aimed at promoting digital transformation have been set up within the framework of the 2020-2030 Digital Decade. An abundance of scientific research has shown the importance of digital technologies and the impact they have on the competitiveness of businesses. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the digital technology applications used by European Union enterprises in an effort to identify any potential linkages. This study primarily analyses the use of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud services, and Big Data, as well as the current level of digital intensity and skills. In addition, the research evaluates the extent to which the strategy document 2030 Digital Compass of the European Union, which delineated the goals pertaining to technology applications, has been achieved so far. The purpose of this assessment is to provide guidance for the subsequent seven years of the development stage. The evaluation is conducted with data acquired from the Network Readiness Index (NRI) and the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) for the year 2022.
Research on Address Terms in Downton Abbey from the Perspective of Leech’s Politeness Principle
Authors: You Jiangshan , Ruan Hongmei
Published: January 2024

Downton Abbey as the representative of British classic historic TV drama has been widely acclaimed since its first episode, which arouses a frenzy of interest in British culture in Edwardian. One of the important reasons for its popularity is that the linguistic style of the script is consistent with the rigid English social hierarchy. It precisely describes the elegant manner and strict etiquette of British society as well as their modest and humorous behaviors. Address in the script as an linguistic symbol can reflect the national customs, history, traditions and politics well. The address forms are rich and accurate in this drama, which is suitable for this study. Therefore, this thesis chooses the addresses from all six seasons as a corpus and divides them into two categories: social address and kinship address. Besides, Leech’s Politeness Principle is also used to analyze the social meaning and affective meaning that the addresses express in Downton Abbey, which is helpful in learning the use of address forms and promoting successful exchanges with different classes of English people. This thesis adopts exemplification and qualitative analysis method to make a detailed analysis of address terms. At the same time, through the combining method of static description and dynamic description, this thesis explores social culture and emotional expressions behind the linguistic characters. This study aims to enrich the address corpus and provide some references for intercultural communication to help English teaching and learning.
Deep Chinese Teaching and Learning Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Yipu , Perrin Stuart
Published: January 2024

Deep learning is a more situational and reflective way of learning that integrates complex knowledge and skills into intuitive thinking. As a language that closely combines sound, form and meaning, Chinese teaching and learning from the perspective of deep learning can help break through the limitations of the current teaching model that only focuses on certain language knowledge or cultural behaviors. This paper combines deep learning with international Chinese education, creates deep Chinese teaching and learning model including “four stages and ten steps”, and carries out practical application and teaching effect test. The results show that the deep Chinese teaching and learning model is conducive to improving students’ discourse presentation ability and comprehensive skills, cultivating the learners’ autonomous learning ability and intercultural communication competence, and strengthening the integration of language teaching and cultural teaching. At the same time, this model also has some limitations, need to be further adjusted and optimized.
Exploring the Cultural Exchange Potential of Learning Chinese as a Second Language in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Nawal , Saman Esha
Published: January 2024

As China’s global influence grows, there is a growing interest in learning Chinese as a second language in many countries worldwide. In Pakistan, the potential for cultural exchange between China and Pakistan represents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to improve mutual understanding and strengthen bilateral ties. This paper aims to investigate the cultural exchange potential of learning Chinese as a second language in Pakistan through online surveys. In this paper, encouraging Chinese language education in Pakistan can play an important role in facilitating cultural exchange and strengthening people-to-people ties between the two countries.
The prevalence of seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy: an observational analysis of risk factors
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Chumber Sunil
Published: January 2024

Background: Seroma, a medically apparent subcutaneous accumulation of effusion fluid after breast carcinoma, growing in 30% of patients. The main hurdle in breast cancer surgery is the formation of a seroma, with an unknown root cause. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between some elements connected with, modified radical mastectomy and seroma formation before the operative period, during the operative period, and after the operative period.
Methods: This was an observational study including 200 female patients who were undergoing modified radical mastectomy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi from January 2011 to December 2014. After the surgery, the patient was kept under observation for seroma formation. Chi square and t tests were used for the statistical analysis of this study.
Results: Seroma formation was more prevalent in old-age patients and overweight patients. The more the initial drain volume the more will be the seroma formation. After the operation, arm physiotherapy was started. 40 patients of older age had the formation of seroma. 30 patients developed seroma whose tumor size was more than 3 cm.
Conclusions: The occurrence of seroma was more prominent in older age patients and overweight patients. With prompt physiotherapy and flap fixation under muscles can reduce the occurrence of seroma formation and some interventions in the time of operation can help in decreasing seroma formation.
Vitamin C in dermatology and cosmetology: a review
Authors: Mohan Shobhit , Singh Neelu , Mohan Lalit
Published: January 2024

Vitamin C is a very powerful water-soluble antioxidant with various potential benefits for patients with skin diseases. The chemically active form of vitamin C is L-ascorbic acid (LAA) and thus is used extensively in medical practices. Due to an active transport mechanism, the absorption of vitamin C in the gut is limited, thereby reducing the amount of drug absorbed orally despite a high dosage, which in turn reduces the bioavailability of vitamin C in the skin. Therefore, topical use of vitamin C is usually preferred in dermatology practice. The function of vitamin C is mostly linked to its electron-donating property. Several processes such as reduction of iron in the gastrointestinal tract, synthesis of carnitine, gene transcription, protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), demethylation of DNA, Hydroxylation of transcription factors, tRNA, and ribosomal proteins, collagen, and hormonal synthesis are carried out due to the active participation of vitamin C in the body. Scurvy usually occurs due to inadequate consumption of vitamin C through a regular diet or inability to absorb the vitamin C in the body. 90% of ascorbic acid comes from fresh fruits and vegetable consumption, failure of which can lead to scurvy.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH PANCREATITIS
Authors: Bükülmez Ayşegül , Vural Özge , Tuncer Ahmet Ali
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate
the significance of new hematological parameters in the
diagnosis of the inflammatory process of acute pancreatitis in
children diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (AP) and acute recurrent
pancreatitis (ARP). This is the first study in the literature
assessing new hematological parameters (Red cell distribution
width (RDW), red cell distribution width to calcium ratio (RDWCaR),
neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte
ratio (LMR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Red cell
distribution width to platelet ratio (RDWPR) and mean platelet
volume (MPV)) in children with pancreatitis retrospectively.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of 55 patients,
who were admitted to the hospital between January 2014 and
December 2019 were diagnosed with AP and ARP, were examined
retrospectively. RDW, RDWCaR, MPV, NLR, LMR, RDWPR and
PLR values at 0 and 48 hours were evaluated retrospectively.
Group 1 consists of patients with acute pancreatitis, Group 2
consists of patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis. A p value
of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: RDW48h values of Group 1 and Group 2 were found to
be significantly lower than RDW0h values (p<0.001 and p=0.006,
respectively). RDWCaR48h values in both groups were also found
to be significantly lower than RDWCaR0h (p= 0.003 and p=
0.012, respectively). NLR48h value was detected to be lower than
NLR0h in Group 1 (p= 0.004). Moreover, the RDWPR48h value was
found to be lower compared to RDWPR0h in Group 2 (p=0.041).
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we determined that RDW, RDWCaR,
NLR and RDWPR values within the first 48 hours were important
in the diagnosis and follow-up of children with AP and
ARP.
FACTORS AFFECTING HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE HOSPITALIZED FOR HYPERKALEMIA
Authors: Tunca Onur , Kazan Sinan
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE: Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte imbalance that can lead to fatal results if not corrected. Patients with chronic kidney disease are prone to be hyperkalemic. Knowing the factors associated with hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for hyperkalemia may reduce mortality caused by hyperkalemia. In the present study, we aimed to research the factors associated with hospital mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized for hyperkalemia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who were hospitalized in the nephrology clinic between January 2019 and April 2022 and whose serum potassium level was >5.1 mEq/L were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as in-hospital deaths and survivors. The groups were compared in terms of laboratory, clinical, and demographic characteristics.
RESULTS: The current study includes 123 cases with a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The mean age of the participants was 65.92±13.7 years. Age, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hemodialysis, potassium level, calcium and pH were found to be independent risk factors for mortality (p= 0.004, p< 0.001, p= 0.004, p=0.009, p=0.001, p=0.007,and p=0.008 respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Poor outcomes can be reduced by knowing the factors affecting mortality in patients hospitalized for hyperkalemia. In hyperkalemic patients with increased in-hospital mortality risk, the mortality risk can be minimized with additional precautions and rapid intervention.
KLİNİĞİMİZDE YETİŞKİN HASTALARA UYGULANAN SPİNAL CERRAHİLER SONRASI GELİŞEN PULMONER EMBOLİ İNSİDANSI
Authors: Canbek İhsan , Yıldızhan Serhat , Boyacı Mehmet Gazi , Rakip Usame , Korkmaz Serhat , Aslan Adem , Talaz Havva Hafize , Sarıkaş Hayriye Nur , Günarslan İrem , Souda Abdulsalam , Sharifi Metra
Published: January 2024

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı nedenlerle spinal cerrahi girişim geçirmiş hastalarda pulmoner emboli (PE) insidansını belirlemek olup cerrahi etyolojinin insidansa etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 01.01.2017 - 30.11.2021 tarihleri arasında Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde spinal cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda post-op gelişen PE komplikasyonunu değerlendirmek için Hastane Bilgi Yönetim Sistemi (HBYS) kayıtları, ameliyatların International Classification of Disease (ICD) kodları kullanılarak retrospektif olarak gözden geçirildi. Çalışmaya 18-64 yaş aralığındaki hastaların verileri dahil edildi. Çocuklar ve 65 yaş üzeri hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. PE saptanan hastaların verileri PE için potansiyel risk faktörlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla analiz edildi. İstatistiksel analiz için Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test ile ki kare testi uygulandı.
BULGULAR: 581’i kadın (%52,6), 524’ü erkek(%47,4) olmak üzere toplam 1105 hasta dosyası retrospektif olarak tarandı. Stabilizasyon uygulanmış dejenerasyon grubunda 382 (%34,6), travma grubunda 291 (%26,3), stabilizasyon uygulanmamış dejenerasyon grubunda 287 (%26), tümör grubunda 86 (%7,8), enfeksiyon grubunda 59 (%5,3) hasta vardı. İncelenen 1105 hastanın 6’sında PE komplikasyonu görüldü. Bu çalışmada PE insidansı %0,54’tür. PE saptanan 6 hastanın 3’ü erkek (%50), 3’ü kadındı (%50). Erkeklerin tümü travma nedeniyle opere edilirken; kadınların 1’i travma, 1’i tümör, 1’i de enfeksiyon nedeniyle opere edildi. Gruplar arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark saptandı (p= 0,014). Tümör ve enfeksiyon nedeniyle opere edilen 2 kadın hasta ilerleyen süreçte hayatını kaybetti . Böylece PE görülenlerde mortalite oranı %33,3 olarak bulundu.
SONUÇ: PE nadir görülmekle birlikte çok ciddi klinik sonuçları olan mortalitesi yüksek bir komplikasyondur.
DAHİLİ KLİNİKLERDE ÇALIŞAN HEMŞİRELERİN MANEVİ BAKIM YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: Çelik Yasemin , Karaca Sivrikaya Sibel
Published: January 2024

AMAÇ: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışma ile bir üniversite hastanesi, dahili kliniklerinde çalışan hemşirelerin manevi bakım yeterliliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Araştırmaya bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan 171 hemşire katılmıştır. Veriler sosyo-demografik özellikler formu ve Manevi Bakım Yeterlilik Ölçeği (MBYÖ) ile Mayıs - Temmuz 2022 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin %65,5’inin 22-30 yaş arasında, %77,2’sinin kadın, %58,5’inin evli, %67,8’inin lisans ve lisansüstü mezunu olduğu, % 40,9’unun 1-5 yıl arası çalıştığı, %87,1’inin servis hemşiresi çalışanlardan oluştuğu görülmektedir. Hemşirelerin, manevi bakım yeterlilik ölçeği’ne ilişkin toplam puan ortalaması x=3,50±0,84 olarak bulunurken, alt boyutlara ilişkin puan ortalamaları incelendiğinde hemşirelerin hastanın maneviyatına karşı tutum ve iletişim düzeylerinin (x=3,85±1,06) diğerlerine göre daha iyi seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca hemşirelerden, manevi bakım hakkında bilgi alma, hastaya manevi bakımın gerekli olduğunu düşünme, hastaya manevi bakım verme konusunda kendisini yeterli görme ve hastaların iyileşme sürecinde manevi bakımın etkili olduğuna inanma görüşleri ile toplam manevi bakım yeterliliği ve alt boyutlarından aldıkları puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05).
SONUÇ: Araştırma sonucunda hemşirelerin manevi bakım ile ilgili görüşlerinin olumlu yönde, manevi bakım yeterlilik puanlarının ise orta düzeyde olduğu, ancak manevi bakım ile ilgili eğitime ihitiyaç duydukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
HBSAG POZİTİFLİĞİ OLAN ERİŞKİN HASTALARDA HEPATİT A SEROPREVALANSININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Bayar Filiz , Demirtaş Oktay
Published: January 2024

AMAÇ: Hepatit A genel olarak kendini sınırlayan bir enfeksiyon olmakla birlikte fulminan hepatit nadir görülen en ciddi komplikasyonudur. Kronik hepatit B gibi kronik karaciğer hastalıklarının varlığında fulminan hepatit riski artmaktadır. Bu nedenle hastalarda Hepatit A Virüsüne (HAV) karşı bağışıklık durumunun araştırılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada HBsAg pozitif olan erişkin hastalarda HAV seroprevalansının değerlendirilmesi, seronegatif erişkinlerin saptanması ve bu bireylerin immünizasyonunun sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji polikliniğine 1 Ocak 2020 – 1 Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran HBsAg pozitif, 18 yaş ve üzeri hastaların tümünde anti-HAV antikoru (Anti-HAV IgG) sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Hastalardan alınan kan örneklerinde HBsAg ve anti-HAV IgG kemilüminesans esasına dayanan “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (ELISA) yöntemi kullanılarak çalışılmıştır.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 286 hasta dahil edilmiş olup bunların 113 (%39,5)’ünde Anti-HAV IgG araştırılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. HBsAg pozitifliği olan ve Anti-HAV IgG serolojisi araştırılan , yaş aralığı 24-88 arasında değişen 173 hasta ( 88 kadın, 85 erkek) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Toplam 155 (%89,6) hastada Anti-HAV IgG pozitif olarak saptanmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak cinsiyet yönünden değerlendirildiğinde iki grup arasında bir fark saptanmamıştır (p= 0.938). Yaş grupları incelendiğinde Anti-HAV IgG pozitifliği en düşük ( %45,5) 18-29 yaş grubunda gözlenmiştir. 60 ve üzeri yaş grubunda anti-HAV IgG pozitifliği %100 olarak belirlenmiştir.
SONUÇ: HBsAg pozitif hastalarda HAV virüs enfeksiyonun mortalite ve morbiditeyi arttırması sebebi ile, anti-HAV IgG taramasının yapılması ve seronegatif bireylerin immünizasyonunun sağlanmasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
The Contractionary Effects of Protectionist Trade Policy in a Dollarized Economy
Authors: Grijalva Diego F. , Uribe-Terán Carlos , Gachet Iván
Published: January 2024

This study analyzes the firm-level impacts of temporary safeguard import tariffs implemented in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we explore the policy's effects on a unique dataset combining firm- and product-level data. We focus on the direct effects on importing firms and indirect effects through the value chain. The analysis shows that, while the safeguards significantly reduced imports, they also resulted in short-run negative scale effects on firms. These include reduced sales, employment, labor costs, and material costs, without positive impacts on local firms in import-competing industries. Overall, our findings suggest a contractionary effect of protectionist policies, particularly in a dollarized economy highlighting the complex implications of trade measures on firm performance and economic sectors.
Este não é um artigo sobre qual o preço de fazer o jantar: os créditos compensatórios ao ex-cônjuge
Authors: Lança Hugo Cunha
Published: January 2024

Tendo por premissa a estatuição do art. 1676.º do Código Civil português, que determina que se a contribuição de um dos cônjuges para os encargos da vida familiar for consideravelmente superior ao do outro, porque renunciou de forma excessiva à satisfação dos seus interesses em favor da vida em comum, designadamente à sua vida profissional, com prejuízos patrimoniais importantes, esse cônjuge tem direito de exigir do outro a correspondente compensação, propomo-nos a analisar criticamente o regime dos créditos compensatórios entre cônjuges, mormente as suas ambiguidades e fragilidades, tendo por substrato o conceito de casamento.
Role and importance of disciplinary responsibility in the criminal procedural activities of employees of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Ismailov D. A. , Repeteva O. E.
Published: January 2024

Currently, disciplinary responsibility plays an important role in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. The essence of disciplinary responsibility consists in the application by the employer (manager) to the employee (employee) of penalties in connection with the commission of a disciplinary offense by him. When using the term disciplinary responsibility, one gets an idea of its wider application in the labor relations of the civil service, rather than in law enforcement. However, this is not quite true. In this connection, the authors propose to consider this type of responsibility in the field of law enforcement service, namely, by the example of a structural subdivision of district police commissioners in the implementation of criminal procedural activities. The authors also proposed legislative changes, providing for a list of mitigating and aggravating circumstances in a special regulatory legal act regulating official activity in the internal affairs bodies, adding a separate legal norm.
Legality of reducing the regulatory provision of apartment buildings with parking spaces as a subject of prosecutor’s supervision
Authors: Lobachev D. A.
Published: January 2024

The article considers the role of the prosecutors office in ensuring the legality of decisions of authorized authorities that allow interested parties (in particular, developers) to reduce the number of equipped parking spaces during the construction of apartment buildings in relation to the regulatory parameter provided for by the urban planning regulations of the territorial zone in which the developed area is located. The issue of lack of free parking spaces has always been one of the urgent problems of any metropolis. In this regard, the proper implementation of the law when issuing permits for deviations from the maximum parameters of permitted construction requires special attention from the prosecutors office. The article substantiates that these permits, despite the lack of clarity of legal regulation, cannot be accepted solely on the basis of the discretion of the authorized body, without establishing legal conditions. Sometimes compliance with the public procedure for discussing the issue of granting an appropriate permit is mistakenly considered as a sufficient basis for issuing it. Therefore, when checking the implementation of the law, the prosecution authorities should not be limited only to studying documents confirming compliance with the procedural regulations for the actions of the authorized body, but also evaluate the actions of the supervised person in terms of the completeness of the study by him of the presence of special characteristics of the land plot that do not allow fulfilling the regulatory parameter as required the number of parking spaces.
System of normative regulation in the Russian Federation: current development trends
Authors: Osetrov S. А.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the features of the development of the regulatory system in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Attention is drawn to the fact that to date the Russian Federation has not adopted a federal law that would regulate the system of regulatory legal acts in the Russian Federation. In such conditions, the development of the regulatory system is carried out in different directions. In particular, there is a tendency to expand the number of participants in the rule-making process and to change the parameters of regulation within the framework of existing types of legal acts, there is a tendency to professionalize regulatory system. As a result, the author concludes that in conditions of multiplication of sources of law, an important task of state is to maintain the regulatory system in a state that ensures, first of all, the realization of public interests of society and the state.
About the stages of qualification of circumstances, excluding the criminality of the act
Authors: Blagov E. V.
Published: January 2024

The article considers the problems of understanding and filling the stages of qualification of circumstances excluding the criminality of an act that have not received theoretical coverage. It is concluded that such stages are: 1) adoption and 2) consolidation of decisions regarding the provision of established factual circumstances by the relevant provisions of criminal legislation. Each stage is subjected to an independent analysis. The content of the first stage is recognized as mental activity, the result of which can be a positive or a negative decision. It is based on the signs of circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act, and it is characterized by a certain order. At the same time, the signs of circumstances excluding the criminality of the act are sufficient to distinguish these circumstances and are formulated in such a way that they exclude competition. Attention is drawn to the fact that the notes to a number of articles of the Special Part of the criminal legislation reflect special circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act, but they are not legitimized by the General Part. The content of the second stage is the objectification of the decision made at the first stage. Moreover, it is established that in criminal legislation the regulation of the second stage does not occur, and in criminal procedure legislation, the basis for refusing to initiate or terminate a criminal case and issuing an acquittal in the presence of circumstances precluding the criminality of the act is the absence of a crime event in the sense of not the absence of an event at all, namely a crime.
Contradictions of law, theory and judicial practice on certain issues of qualifying murder, violent sexual crimes, crimes against freedom and personal integrity
Authors: Nurkaeva T. N.
Published: January 2024

This article shows some of the problems and contradictions that arise in law, theory and judicial practice at the highest level on certain issues of qualifying murder, violent sexual crimes, crimes against freedom and personal integrity. The authors position on their resolution is substantiated, in particular, guided by practical expediency, the opinion is defended that the term conjugated from the criminal law should be excluded. For the purpose of uniform understanding of criminal law and a more precise qualification, the opinion is defended that the legislators approach to describing the feature use of violence, taking into account its intensity and means of influence in crimes against freedom and personal integrity, should be the same: in the main composition with the use of violence, not dangerous to life or health, or the threat of violence; in the qualified with the use of violence dangerous to life or health; for the same purposes, in its resolution of December 4, 2014, the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation On judicial practice in cases of crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual, it is advisable to give a more complete interpretation of the concept of another person, and also show: in what cases, the use of violence or the threat of its use against another person is covered by Part 1 of Article 131.132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and in which goes beyond the specified articles of the criminal law.
Private determination of the court of the first instance in civil proceedings and responsibility for non-fulfillment of it
Authors: Mamedov E. E.
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes the general provisions and judicial practice regarding the issue of private rulings issued by the courts in accordance with Article 226 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, and also considers the main problems associated with non-execution of a private court ruling. A large number of scientific works of Russian and Soviet scientists are devoted to the problems of the institute of particular definitions. Meanwhile, the problem of nonexecution of particular definitions has not been given sufficient attention. The legislation of the Russian Federation is quite loyal to the issue of non-execution of private determination of the court. The procedure for bringing to civil procedural or administrative liability for violations related to particular definitions remains an unpopular legal procedure. The author revealed an unjustified differentiation in fixing the forms and procedure for the implementation of liability for failure to comply with a particular definition, as well as the inconsistency of the law in terms of establishing liability measures for the tort in question. The ways to solve these problems is to introduce the necessary clarifications into the current version of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, which will be proposed in this article.
Classification of crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks (technologies) under the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan
Authors: Korpeev A. G.
Published: January 2024

In the criminal law doctrines of the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, as well as in the legal acts and official documents adopted in these states, there are different approaches to the classification of crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks (technologies). These differences lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of criminal law counteraction of the corresponding type of illegal acts. In this regard, the author analyzes alternative approaches to the classification of crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks (technologies). It is concluded that based on the structural features of the Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan these types of socially dangerous acts should be classified depending on the characteristics of the object and subject of these unlawful attacks, the nature and degree of public danger of the act, the form of guilt, as well as the methods and means of committing these crimes. The conclusions and recommendations made in this article have a certain theoretical significance and can be used to further study of the classification of crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks (technologies) under the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan.
Digital image (digital copy of a person) in the system of objects of civil laws: experience of model legislation
Authors: Bogustov A. A.
Published: January 2024

The article analyses the provisions of the Model Law for the CIS member states «On Digital Rights» relating to the digital image (digital copy of a person), the rights to which are considered as personal non-property rights. In order to clarify the place of the digital image in the system of personal non-property rights, its distinctive features are characterized in comparison with the citizen’s right to an image. The content of the subjective right to a digital image is characterized. The normative basis of the study was formed by the model legislation for the CIS member states and the national legislation of the member states (in particular, the law of Belarus and Russia). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the right to a digital image (digital copy of a person) can be considered as one of the manifestations of the citizen’s right to an image. The model law «On Digital Rights» allows to highlight the features that distinguish a digital image (digital copy of a person) from other forms of protected images (for example, works of fine art, photo and video recordings, etc.), but does not give grounds to consider it outside the existing mechanisms for ensuring the citizen’s right to an image. The author of the article concludes that the content of the right to a digital image (digital copy of a person) does not have any serious differences from the content of the citizen’s right to an image. This is manifested in the similarity in the subject composition, the order of use of the digital image and the image of a citizen, both during his life and after his death, the regulation of the emergence of these objects, the establishment of restrictions on the right of a citizen to a digital image and his own image, as well as the consequences of violation of these rights.
Problems of legal regulation of examination in civil proceedings
Authors: Popova N. I.
Published: January 2024

Currently, forensic expertise in a competitive environment is becoming an increasingly important element in civil proceedings. In the article, the author examines the currently problematic issues of legal regulation of the institute of expertise in civil proceedings. If the activities of state experts are fully regulated by federal law, then non-state expertise has not been regulated by legislation for a long time, which causes legal problems and generates many procedural issues. The author draws attention to the insufficiently clear and effective legal regulation of expertise in civil proceedings, as well as other problems related to this area. Insufficient qualifications of experts, a long period of expertise and discrepancies in the conclusions may negatively affect the interests of the parties and the credibility of expert opinions in general. The author emphasizes that the problem of this area is not exclusive to Russia. There is also a need to develop more effective methods of regulating expertise in civil proceedings.
Terms in civil proceedings as a guarantee of protection of rights and interests in the claim proceedings
Authors: Tkacheva N. N.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the term of civil proceedings as a guarantee of the protection of the rights and interests of interested subjects in the claim proceedings. Various positions of scientists regarding the concept and meaning of the term of civil proceedings are analyzed. It is determined that the duration of the trial, being a period of time for the commission of a certain procedural action established by law or by a court, should primarily act as a guarantee of timely judicial protection by interested entities. It is concluded that it is necessary to legislate the timing of certain stages of civil proceedings in order for the timing of consideration and resolution of civil cases to act as a valid guarantee of the protection of the rights and interests of stakeholders.
Termination of parental rights: litigation or application of family legal liability
Authors: Tumanova L. V.
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the procedural features of the consideration of cases of deprivation of parental rights based on the materials of judicial practice and theoretical studies. Attention is drawn to the presence of public interest in the subject of judicial protection in cases of deprivation of parental rights and the need, in connection with this, to single out this category of cases as a special type of civil proceedings along with other cases related to the protection of the rights of minors. The studied judicial practice allows us to conclude that it is difficult to resolve the issue of the existence of sufficient grounds for deprivation of parental rights. The ineffectiveness of such a measure as warnings in case of refusal to satisfy the claim for deprivation of parental rights was revealed. It is substantiated that, since it is recognized that the deprivation of parental rights is a measure of family legal responsibility, it is necessary to include in the subject of judicial protection and questions of compensation for damage, since improper performance of parental duties is often accompanied by the fact that the defendant uses benefits and payments for children not according to their intended purpose. It is advisable not only to raise the issue of collecting these funds in favor of the child, but also to determine the fate of the maternity capital directly in the court decision and also to check how these funds were spent. The ineffectiveness of such a measure as warnings in case of refusal to satisfy the claim for deprivation of parental rights was revealed. It is substantiated that, since it is recognized that the deprivation of parental rights is a measure of family legal responsibility, it is necessary to include in the subject of judicial protection and questions of compensation for damage, since improper performance of parental duties is often accompanied by the fact that the defendant uses benefits and payments for children not according to their intended purpose. It is advisable not only to raise the issue of collecting these funds in favor of the child, but also to determine the fate of the maternity capital directly in the court decision and also to check how these funds were spent. Cruelty to a child and abuse of parental rights, no doubt, causes moral suffering and affects the health of the child, so it is necessary to resolve the issue of compensation for moral harm. The problem of the procedural position of the child himself and taking into account his opinion is highlighted. Attention is drawn to the need for special procedural regulation of a number of issues, which together led to the conclusion that cases of deprivation of parental rights do not correspond in their substantive nature to either action or special proceedings.
Regional law-making: the problem of distinguishing the subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects
Authors: Nikishchenkova M. A.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the problem of distinguishing the subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects, the constitutional and contractual grounds for determining the subjects of exclusive and joint jurisdiction, analyzes the validity and effectiveness of the residual principle of determining the subject of exclusive jurisdiction of the subjects of the Federation. The author summarizes and systematizes (records) the legislative practice of the Samara region in the period since 1998. Currently, it highlights the main directions of legislative regulation, taking into account the specifics and needs of this region. The presented article defines the main trends of regional law-making, expressed in the high law-making activity of senior officials of the subjects of the federation; duplication of the provisions of federal legislation; the formation of the practice of legislative regulation related to the conduct of subordinate rule-making, as well as the practice of «advanced» regional law-making. At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion that the established practice of regional law-making can serve as a basis for determining the subject matter of the subjects of the federation and ensure the most effective management within the competence of the authorities of the subject of the federation in order to meet regional needs, subject to compliance with the requirements of unity of goals, objectives, principles of law-making activity throughout the country, unity of techniques, methods and means of legal law-making techniques both at the federal and regional levels.