bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of municipal government in Detroit
Authors: Gallagher John
Published: September 2017

Once a robust enterprise with more than 20,000 employees, the City of Detroit’s municipal operation has shrunk to under 10,000 today due to decades of population loss and declining tax base. Unable to deliver municipal services because of budget and personnel cuts, the city began in the decades of the 2000s to spin off a variety of its functions to a series of non-profit public authorities, conservancies, and private-public partnerships. The city-run public market, the convention center, the construction and operation of downtown and riverfront parks, the city’s workforce development agency, and others were all spun off in this fashion, creating a new way to deliver municipal services threatened by budget cuts. Detroit enjoyed special, perhaps unique, circumstances that allowed this to happen. This chapter examines this process and whether it represents a possible option for other distressed post-industrial cities.
Detroit’s emerging innovation in urban infrastructure: how liabilities become assets for energy, water, industry, and informatics
Authors: Kinkead Dan
Published: September 2017

This chapter outlines how the results of Detroit’s decline are being transformed through intrepid civic stewardship and entrepreneurialism to yield unique and impactful opportunities for the city’s adaptive, innovative, and inclusive recovery. It reveals how pluralistic responses to urban challenges can drive change and help to establish broad authorship, dialogue, and the necessary capacity amongst all contributors. From renewable energy production and stormwater management, to more resilient and impactful manufacturing enterprises and digitally accessible tools, new transformative opportunities are emerging in the spaces of Detroit’s most recognizable struggles. In the process, Detroiters are demonstrating an intrinsic resilience in which the singularity of economy, race, and urban form from the city’s past is transforming into a multi-dimensional response, generating nationally and globally significant lessons in recovery.
Reawakening culture among Detroit’s resident majority
Authors: Williams Jessica Brooke
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the function and necessity of culturally relevant, arts-based land use planning practices at the municipal level that influence thoughtful and sustained inclusion of Detroit's systemically disadvantaged residents in land use decisions to yield more effective neighborhood economies. Over fifty years of Detroit's land use planning practices are also examined to uncover the historical disconnect between land use decisions and resident engagement and education in the cultural definition implied by these decisions that shape the existence or decay of neighborhoods across Detroit. As land use practices are currently evolving, the chapter concludes with research on creative and arts-based resident engagement practices forming among non-governmental entities and individuals in Detroit and other comparable areas across the nation, that serve as essential examples of study and modelling by the larger urban planning profession.
Artist and founder of DetroitYES
Authors: Boileau Lowell
Published: September 2017

In this interview chapter, Lowell Boileau discusses the ruins of Detroit and directions for the city’s future. A fine art painter by training, Boileau began documenting the ruins abandoned buildings of Detroit in the mid-1990s, long before it was fashionable or popular to do so. His Fabulous Ruins of Detroit web tour was an Internet sensation when it was launched in 1997. He also discusses the meanings of two Detroit buildings: the Michigan Theater Building and the William Livingstone House as well as his vision for Detroit’s future which focus on reducing some of the major urban division within the city and region.
Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality
Authors: Hines Sandra
Published: September 2017

In this interview chapter, Sandra Hines, President of the Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, discusses the origins of the Coalition, the role that it has played in reducing police brutality and violence in Detroit and areas in which the Coalition is active within the city. Hines also critically discusses the injustices of the city’s current renaissance, framing it within racial perspectives and in the form of a ‘white takeover.’
Eastern Market Corporation
Authors: Carmody Dan
Published: September 2017

Dan Carmody is President of Detroit’s Eastern Market Corporation. In this interview chapter, he discusses the history of the market and why it is important to food access in the city of Detroit today. He explains the visions and aims of the Eastern Market Corporation and how and why it came into existence. The corporation, a not-for-profit, public-private partnership, started in 2006. Carmody discusses the role of urban agriculture in Detroit as well as the new wave of gentrification which has the potential to significantly impact the Market in the future.
Avalon International Breads
Authors: Victor Jackie
Published: September 2017

When Jackie Victor and her then partner, Ann Perrault, opened Avalon International Breads on Willis Street in June 1997, they challenged the narrative that Detroit was closed for business. They were one of the first new businesses to open in Midtown and the success of their business helped to change the narratives about Detroit. In this interview, Jackie Victor discusses her triple bottom line (earth, community, employees) business model, the role that Avalon played in gentrification and changes in Midtown, the challenges still facing Detroit, such as growing economic, social and spatial inequality and the role that businesses and entrepreneurs play in shaping cities
Entrepreneur, owner of Slows Bar-B-Q and Ponyride
Authors: Cooley Phil
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, Brian Doucet interviews Phil Cooley, entrepreneur and restauranteur. Cooley owns Slows Bar-B-Q, which has been celebrated as the ‘poster child’ for the revival of Detroit. One of his newest ventures is Ponyride, which provides space for entrepreneurs to accelerate and incubate their ideas, in what Cooley describes as a safe and supportive environment where people are not afraid to try new things or even to fail. The Ponyride location was a tax-foreclosed building; Cooley purchased it to try to change the narrative of tax foreclosure and as “a study to see how the foreclosure crisis can have a positive impact on the community.” In this interview, Cooley discusses the role his businesses have played in gentrification in Detroit, inequalities and divisions within the city and images of the city’s ruins.
The James and Grace Lee Boggs School
Authors: Putnam Julia , Rosman Amanda , Teachworth Marisol
Published: September 2017

The James and Grace Lee Boggs School is a community-based public charter school on the east side of Detroit. It employs a placed-based model of learning, which is rooted in the local. This means that it stems from history, geography, community members, businesses, and the challenges and possibilities in the community. The core values of the school are: high levels of critical thought; creativity and learning; excellence in teaching; authentic and trusting relationships; community empowerment; and equity within both human relationships and the natural world. The core purpose is: to provide the tools to achieve ambitious goals and live lives of meaning, to nurture a sense of place and develop a commitment to a better Detroit, and to grow our souls by developing a connection with ourselves, each other, and the earth. This interview chapter is with Julia Putnam, Amanda Rosman, and Marisol Teachworth: the three co-founders of the school. They were influenced by the philosophies of Grace and Jimmy Boggs and the school was born out of many conversations about the role of education in a city like Detroit.
Conclusion: Detroit and the future of the city
Authors: Doucet Brian
Published: September 2017

In this concluding chapter, the main strands of through within the book are brought together. The main narrative of Detroit as a symbol of urban failure is briefly discussed before shifting to a critical assessment of the city’s emerging narrative: that of comeback and renaissance. Both these one-dimensional narratives are treated as problematic and critiqued by using relevant chapters from the book. Two main policy and political insights are highlighted. The first is that much of Detroit’s decline has been a factor produced outside its boundaries so its solutions need to be thought of at these geographic scales. The second relates to working towards including different voices and perspectives about the future of the city and rethinking how power relations can give marginal groups real input into the systems which shape their lives. The many interviews and perspectives in this book provide pathways towards inclusive, fair and just cities.
Policy analysis in advisory councils
Authors: Flamand Laura
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the increasing and rather prominent role of public advisory boards in the Mexican federal government with emphasis on policy analysis instruments and methods, conditions for sound analysis, and existing organizational capabilities. The chapter is organized into four sections. The first provides a definition of the term “advisory boards”, given its different and at times contradictory uses. The second section describes the construction and criteria used to build the first universe of advisory boards in the Mexican federal government, circa 2015. The third part presents a comparative analysis of two of the most influential advisory boards in Mexico: CONEVAL, devoted to the evaluation of social policy, and INECC, in charge of providing technical and scientific advice to environmental decision makers. The fourth section discusses the main findings and presents conclusions.
Policy analysis in autonomous agencies
Authors: Pardo María del Carmen , Dussauge-Laguna Mauricio I.
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides an overview on how policy analysis is done in Constitutional Autonomous Agencies (CAAs) in Mexico, with a particular focus on two of them: the Instituto Nacional de Evaluacion para la Educacion (INEE, or National Institute of Evaluation for Education); and the Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT, or Federal Telecommunications Institute). The CAAs represent a new kind of public agency for the Mexican politico-administrative system. From an international perspective, CAAs are similar to non-majoritarian institutions existing in other jurisdictions: they are formally independent; their heads are neither elected nor hierarchically accountable to the executive power; and their internal life is not tied to political cycles. The chapter describes the legal background and organizational features of both INEE and IFT; analyses how these institutions gather information, assess policy options, and make decisions; and underlines the main challenges that both institutions are currently facing for developing their policy analytical capacities and performing their broader policy tasks.
Policy analysis in non-governmental organizations
Authors: Somuano Ma. Fernanda
Published: September 2017

During the last decades, CSOs in Mexico have not only substantially grown in number, but have also acquired an important role in policy making. CSOs have become more institutionally consolidated and some have professionalized their work, becoming an important alternative for growing sectors of activists and technicians who offer concrete support services to grassroots development initiatives. Moreover, CSOs are no longer focused on developmental projects but have moved to a political arena, where they are carrying out other functions such as monitoring elections, protecting human rights, designing and implementing social and developmental projects, giving voice to excluded minorities. The goal of this chapter is twofold: on the one hand, to examine to what extent some CSOs in Mexico conduct policy analysis, as well as the sources of the growing demand for policy research by the third sector. On the other, to explore if they use policy analysis to exert influence in policy-making, and the factors promoting and constraining their impact in shaping Mexican public policy.
Emergent infrastructures: solidarity, spontaneity and encounter at Istanbul’s Gezi Park uprising
Authors: Yaka Özge , Karakayali Serhat
Published: September 2017

The chapter analyses the role of materiality in the formation of a specific political atmosphere in Istanbul’s Gezi Park during the protests of June 2013, arguing that material infrastructures have different impacts according to the specificity of the encounter of actions, objects, spaces, and affects that produce them. In the particular case of Gezi Park, the materials, objects and infrastructures did not primarily serve to build a sustainable space of protest, but essentially functioned in relating individuals in a certain way, in creating bonds and affects and in enabling a process of emergence and recomposition. The article pays special attention to the spontaneity of the emergence of the infrastructures in Gezi Park as well as the intensified temporality of the camp in explaining the particular functions material infrastructures inhabited.
Protest spaces online and offline: the Indignant movement in Syntagma Square
Authors: Kavada Anastasia , Dimitriou Orsalia
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the relationship between space and contentious politics, focusing on the Indignant movement which occupied Syntagma square in Athens in the summer of 2011. The authors’ analysis of the movement’s online/offline spaces shows how they facilitated the production of a heterogeneous movement that employed a diversity of tactics, thus mounting a multifaceted challenge on political authorities and their implementation of austerity. The authors’ inquiry looks at how spaces – online, offline and hybrid – shape patterns of mobilization and social movement activity. The chapter thus demonstrates how space and contentious politics mutually shape each other, as space affects the interactions that give rise to movements, while movements can exercise ‘spatial agency’ as activists manipulate and engineer space to make public claims and achieve their goals.
Feeds from the square: live streaming, live tweeting and the self-representation of protest camps
Authors: Gerbaudo Paolo
Published: September 2017

This chapter develops a cultural analysis of live feeds, in the forms of video or text, and their role within the protest communications of the movements of the squares of 2011. Drawing on 50 interviews with activists, on observations of protest camps and on analysis of social media material, in the Spanish indignados, and Occupy Wall Street in the US, the author highlights how live streaming and live tweeting reflect the new populist worldview introduced by the 2011 protest wave. These practices have served these movements' aims of making protest camps public and transparent places, open to the entirety of the citizenry rather than to a small tribe of activists and have allowed the movement to construct a connection with "internet occupiers", sympathisers following events from home.
Touching a nerve: a discussion on Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement
Authors: Wang Klavier Jieying , John Hope Reidun St , Wong Miu Yin Eliz
Published: September 2017

This chapter is a round-table discussion of Hong Kong’s 2014 Umbrella Movement and the protest occupations it spawned. Based on observations of the protests, the contributors utilise diverse disciplinary perspectives, including gender studies, sociocultural anthropology, communications and national identity, to further examine the movement’s events and implications within the context of Hong Kong’s post-colonial experience and its relationship with mainland China. Exploring the dynamics embedded in the movement’s outbreak and development, the formation and evolution of the occupation camps, as well as the reproduction of cultural symbols and relations within occupied zones and beyond, the chapter aims to present a more detailed account of the Umbrella Movement while also probing the significance of the movement and the events that constituted it within the context of larger social and historical kaleidoscope. In doing so, it focuses on the operation of protest camps including aspects of cultural reproduction and interpersonal relations within them.
Carry on camping? The British Camp for Climate Action as a political refrain
Authors: Russell Bertie , Schlembach Raphael , Lear Ben
Published: September 2017

The chapter engages with the notion of ‘political refrain’, adapted from the work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, to offer some reflections on the strengths and limitations of protest camps in the action repertoire available to social movements. In the present study, ‘camping’ was a recurring thematic for British environmental protest, especially in the mobilisations of the Camp for Climate Action. Camps played more than a simple organisational role and signified a desire to prefigure alternative social and ecological configurations. The camp-form, however, took on a logic of its own, locking the protest movement into repertoire dependency, which signified the problematic tension between organisational continuity and tactical innovation. Unable to resolve this tension, and with British climate activism so fundamentally tied to the imaginary of the protest camp, the emergence of a new political praxis was prevented.
Losing space in Occupy London: fetishising the protest camp
Authors: Halvorsen Sam
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the case study of Occupy London and argues that the protest camp is inevitably susceptible to fetishisation, understood as the subordination of process to form. It begins by examining the work of Henri Lefebvre and John Holloway – two authors who discuss the challenges of creating counter forms from below - in order to ground the discussion in theoretical debates surrounding fetishisation and institutionalisation. Based on militant research with Occupy London – involving interviews, ethnography and archive analysis - the remainder of the chapter examines the losing of Occupy London’s principal occupied space, the camp outside St Paul’s Cathedral, and points toward a wider set of issues surrounding protests camps and territorial forms of struggle. It concludes by conceptualising the protest camp as an antagonistic form that necessarily exists against-and-beyond the social movements that constitute it.
Euromaidan and the echoes of the Orange Revolution: comparing social infrastructures and resistance practices of protest camps in Kiev (Ukraine)
Authors: Shevtsova Maryna
Published: September 2017

The present chapter discusses the cases of two protest camps at Maidan in Kiev in 2004 and 2013/2014. It aims to explain the resemblances and differences across the cases and focuses on such issues as resistance practices used by the protesters, resource mobilization strategies and emerging approaches to the camp’s governance and representation in decision making processes. The conceptual triad for space production and infrastructural approach is applied to examine protest camps as a unique organizational form of social movements. Linking together the (re)production of the space, newly adjusted spatial practices and space representation, this chapter argues that detected particular characteristics of Maidan-Sich 2014 can be interpreted as the marks of empowerment of the recently emerged civil society and make of it an important object of study for those who want to grasp the essence of the recent changes of political and social order in Ukraine.
Security is no accident: considering safe(r) spaces in the transnational Migrant Solidarity camps of Calais1
Authors: English Claire
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the theory and organisational practices of ensuring ‘safety’ for those participating in transnational migrant solidarity collectives. It uses ethnographic materials gained from participatory activist scholarship in Calais and London migrant solidarity collectives and assesses the ability of these groups to respond to the differentiated vulnerabilities that individuals bring to the protest camp- particularly in terms of the experiences and responses to structural oppression such as racism, sexism and homophobia. The current preference for safer spaces policies as one way of mediating conflict in activist collectives will be examined in terms of who may be left behind when individual trauma or addiction can leave people unable or unwilling to act according to the rules that these policies prescribe, and seeks different modes of collaboration that may not always feel safe or comfortable for all involved.
Perspectives on play research: the practice-theory-research entanglement
Authors: Russell Wendy , Lester Stuart , Smith Hilary
Published: September 2017

This introductory chapter explores the entanglements of theory research and practice. Research questions and methods delimit what can be known, highlighting how knowledge production is a political and ethical endeavour. Drawing on conversations with contributors and on the collective experiences of students, graduates and staff on the University of Gloucestershire postgraduate programme in children’s play, the chapter considers how both the transdisciplinary nature of the programme and the considerable practice experience and knowledge of the contributors open up new possibilities for research and for what can be known about children’s play and adult roles in supporting it. The chapter also presents a brief summary of each study presented in the book.
Debris and delight: children’s play during the second world war
Authors: Willans Becky
Published: September 2017

This chapter uses the rich oral histories of five people who were children in the East End of London during WWII to document where they played and what they played with, and to illustrate how oral histories can be used to record accounts of play. It interweaves these with the literature on children’s wartime experiences and also that on play and resilience (Lester and Russell, 2008), Kyttä’s (2004) work on affordances and Nicholson's (1971) theory of loose parts, helping to inform theories of play and playwork practice as enshrined in the Playwork Principles (Playwork Principles Scrutiny Group, 2005). The research displays the range of WWII play experiences and highlights the limited adult contact and input to children's play. It clearly displays the creativity and imagination of children and shows how the use of variables or loose parts helped to create rich environments of promoted or free action for children to play (Nicholson, 1971; Kytta, 2004).
Play and value: determining the values of a nature play setting
Authors: Kinney Linda
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the ways a play setting within a zoo is understood as a segregated space for both play and learning and the tensions that are created by the stakeholders’ diverse perceptions of value. The analysis was based on semi-structured interviews with the institution’s senior management and questionnaires completed by the institution’s permanent and volunteer staff. The nature play setting was seen as having a mix of instrumental and intrinsic value; however, the overall perceived purpose was to teach children about nature. Developing a better understanding and appreciation of how play is valued within an organization may create a healthier work environment and possible explorations into children’s play opportunities beyond a segregated space for play.
Co-creating spaces on an adventure playground: using participatory action research as an approach to continuing professional development
Authors: Fitzpatrick John , Handscomb Bridget
Published: September 2017

Using participatory action research as an approach to reflective playwork practice and continuous professional development this research took place on an Adventure Playground in London. Key themes include co-investigation; reflective playwork practice; dialogue; mapping; story-telling; and working with meaning. The adventure playground team brought a critical and reflective lens to the production of the Adventure Playground, its everyday rhythms, routines and habits, and the ways in which adults and children co-create play spaces. It also brought opportunities to experiment with approaches that could deepen understandings of play and playwork practice in a variety of situations from training courses to conference workshops leading to more relevant and reflective approaches to adults working with children’s play.
Understandings of play for children with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD)
Authors: Smith Stephen
Published: September 2017

This chapter develops an argument showing how the idea of play as freely chosen and personally directed needs careful consideration and perhaps a broader understanding for playworkers working with children with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities (PMLD), who are often described as having substantial difficulty in intentional communication. Observations and semi-structured interviews were carried out in an afterschool club and holiday play scheme for children with PMLD in south east England in order to explore staff understandings of and attitudes towards the play of children with PMLD. Interweaving the data with the literature on disabled children, a focus on communication, relationships and playfulness emerged, which has potential to support playworkers working with children with PMLD.
Play, playwork and wellbeing
Authors: Matthews Nic , Smith Hilary , Hill Denise , Kilgour Lindsey
Published: September 2017

This chapter presents an overview of the literature on childhood wellbeing which is characterised by large scale, cross-sectional studies. However, Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), states that children have the right to express their own opinion on matters pertaining to them. Participatory research techniques and creative methodologies have the potential to put children’s voices at the centre of enquiries into childhood. Creative methods help children narrate their lived experience. This chapter sets out one element of a twelve month participatory research project in which the authors worked with a group of play rangers. Using drawings and photo elicitation, the play rangers engaged the children attending the play settings in informal discussions regarding their experience of being involved in outdoor play. Consideration was given to how these experiences support and contribute to the domains of wellbeing identified within a developmental assets framework.
The European Union and the UK: neoliberalism, nationalist populism, or a cry for democracy?
Authors: Jones Bryn , O’Donnell Mike
Published: September 2017

The UK referendum result has thrown several of the assumptions of the neoliberal order into disarray. This chapter traces opposition to the EU back to its retreat from social regulation of its markets to a stricter neoliberal framework. It examines key features of the ‘Brexit’ vote in the referendum and the likely scenarios for an ‘independent’ UK. Contrary to some popular interpretations it argues that the vote does not express a widespread nationalist populism amongst the working classes. However, the outcome seems likely to favour a renewal of neoliberal trade and de-regulation outside the protective institutions of the EU.
Reform from within? Central banks and the reconfiguration of neoliberal monetary policy
Authors: Thompson Grahame F.
Published: September 2017

At the level of national economies, Grahame Thompson probes the shifting role of central banks, particularly the Bank of England, in handling the manifest inadequacies of free-market economics in the wake of the 2008 financial crash. Although the Bank has not explicitly disavowed market orthodoxy, Thompson finds that there have been distinct shifts away from the practices initiated by the rise of neo-liberal monetary policy forty years ago. While seeking to pilot the UK’s financial system into a leading role in the international economy, the Bank, like its counterparts elsewhere, has also become both the key manager as well as regulator of the national economy. Its championing of ‘quantitative easing’ to try to stimulate economic growth could, argues Thompson, be compatible with the more radical ‘people’s QE’ advocated by the Corbyn camp in the Labour Party. While such a conversion may currently be beyond the mindset of the mandarin class, its possibility and the new-found pragmatism and powers of the Bank, suggests a non-neoliberal government and a reformed Bank, could pursue a more socially sensitive and progressive path.
A Brexit from neoliberalism?
Authors: Jones Bryn , O’Donnell Michael
Published: September 2017

This conclusion brings together key points from the alternative macro-paradigms in Part I, the institutional parameters and reforms to these, discussed in Part II– and the political and economic re-structuring advocated in Part III. It argues that a new social democracy is needed to achieve the rebalancing of the market-state-civil society relationship distorted by neoliberalism. This shift, should be based on democratization and accountability in the social and economic spheres as well as in conventional politics. A paradigm and practice drawn from and substantially driven by a social base rooted in recent social movements and more progressive NGOs. Applied to ‘fictitious commodity’ fields such as housing, finance and employment, its discourse would emphasis gender and practical environmental issues to ground a post-neoliberal politics in more relevant and popular concern than the stagnant, tendentious and often obscure abstractions of economic discourse. It is argued that the related ideas and policies could, at the least, achieve a regime change within contemporary capitalism. A change comparable to the social democracy which successfully displaced the market hegemony of the nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Evaluating legacy: the who, what, why, when and where of evaluation for community research
Authors: Matthews Peter , Astbury Janice , Brown Julie , Brown Laura , Connelly Steve , O’Brien Dave
Published: September 2017

Evaluation is often anathema the co-produced research and community groups. For the latter, onerous evaluation requirements from funders can be the bane of their lives. In terms of co-produced research, that evaluation often positions an expert in authority to judge whether an activity has been a “success” is the opposite to the trusting relationship much co-produced research is trying to develop. This chapter suggests that evaluation, when done well, can and should be a more central practice in co-produced research. Importantly, it is suggested that by asking the difficult question of “what positive outcomes are we producing?” the evaluation of co-produced research can make it more ethical, and develop a learning approach among partners.
Socialising heritage/socialising legacy
Authors: Bashforth Martin , Benson Mike , Boon Tim , Brigham Lianne , Brigham Richard , Brookfield Karen , Brown Peter , Callaghan Danny , Calvin Jean-Phillipe , Courtney Richard , Cremin Kathy , Furness Paul , Graham Helen , Hale Alex , Hodgkiss Paddy , Lawson John , Madgin Rebecca , Manners Paul , Robinson David , Stanley John , Swan Martin , Timothy Jennifer , Turner Rachael
Published: September 2017

A key value offered by collaborative research is to recognise the powerful role relationships play in the development and legacy of knowledge. The project ‘How should heritage decisions be made?’ put the social dynamics between the collaborative team – comprised of researchers, practitioners, funders and community activists – at the heart of the project’s methodology. Thinking of this research as social and relational also reflects an interest in thinking about heritage in the same way. Taking this approach is helpful because the concept of heritage is often bound up with big and abstract aims, to be ‘forever and for everyone’. These very scaled-up ambitions often lead politically towards the professional management of heritage ‘on behalf of’ a larger public. It is shown that for participation in heritage decision-making to be increased these larger ideas – ‘stewardship’, ‘scale’, ‘significance’ and ‘the future’ – need themselves to be socialised and, through this, made more amenable to participation. The same methodologies were diagnosed for increasing participation in heritage for our own, equally relational, approach to legacy: to act, connect, reflect and situate.
Material legacies: shaping things and places through heritage
Authors: Vergunst Jo , Curtis Elizabeth , Davis Oliver , Johnston Robert , Graham Helen , Shepherd Colin
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes the significance of material qualities of the legacies produced by collaborative research that focuses on heritage. Collaborative research works partly through the intangible processes of networking, skills development and so on, but also often through encounters with things, places and landscapes. Material creations and outputs are also frequently made in collaborative research, and this chapter provides a frame of reference and comparative examples. Heritage research addresses problems of the material directly and so can give resources in this field to those working on other kinds of collaborative research. The chapter presents a series of narratives of materials from collaborative heritage projects, which in themselves reflect the forms of knowledge created by those projects. It concludes by noting the significance of being in touch with materials, and the significance of things and places in collaborative research, along with how with the distinctive politics of materials unfold through them.
Translation across borders: connecting the academic and policy communities
Authors: Connelly Steve , Vanderhoven Dave , Durose Catherine , Matthews Peter , Richardson Liz , Rutherfoord Robert
Published: September 2017

This chapter looks at the legacy of three projects which connected research and policy communities, through the development of ‘policy briefs’ for the UK Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG). These were short and accessible reviews of research relevant to policy on localism. Starting from an understanding of policy-making as meaning-making, and of translation as situated and purposeful action, ethnographic and action research were used to explore how academics and government analysts translate research into ideas useful for policy makers. It concludes that the legacy of researching for policy can be understood both in terms of ‘things left behind’ and their direct impact on policy, and also more broadly in terms of participants’ purposes being met, and influences on academic and civil service norms and subsequent practice. Co-production is central to leaving such a legacy, in particular to break down mutual misunderstanding across the policy/academia border. In contrast interdisciplinarity seems less important, though broadening the disciplinary base of research used by government is certainly valuable. Underpinning everything else, the development of relationships of trust through collaboration and mutual learning is paramount.
Social citizenship from above
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter details the relevance of social citizenship to debates and questions of social welfare, and introduces the theoretical terrain of republican and liberal theories of citizenship. The classic work of T H Marshall is summarised, and the value of contrasting and comparing citizenship from above with citizenship as it is lived and experienced from below discussed. The chapter also provides a detailed examination of the citizenship thinking evident in recent UK governments, spanning from New Labour to the Coalition. This examination highlights the common reliance on contractual models of social citizenship, with a linked emphasis on paid employment as the primary duty of the responsible citizen. Recent developments such as an emphasis on the citizenship contract between the ‘welfare dependent’ and the ‘hard working taxpayer’ are also explored, discussing their likely implications for citizenship in/exclusion.
The emergence of a framing consensus on ‘welfare’
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter introduces readers to the welfare reform policy context in the UK, exploring the reform trajectory taken over the past 35 years. It highlights the dominant construction of the ‘welfare’ policy problem, and the central place that welfare conditionality then plays in the posited policy solution. The ways in which welfare reform is frequently defended with a recourse to a stigmatising narrative around ‘welfare dependency’ is detailed, as is the central role now played by Poverty Porn – television shows that purport to show the ‘real’ picture of life on benefits. Recent reforms by Cameron’s Government are outlined, with a particular focus on those changes that affected individuals interviewed for this research. It is argued that a ‘framing consensus on ‘welfare’ today operates, with ‘welfare’ and those who receive it seen as inherently and necessarily negative and problematic.
The everyday realities of out-of-work benefits receipt
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter introduces those interviewed for the book, and details their past and present lives, as well as their aspirations and hopes for the future. It describes the ‘work’ that ‘getting by’ on benefits entails, which includes tight budgeting, making hard choices, going without, and sometimes having to shoplift for basic necessities. This chapter also highlights the forms of socially valuable contribution in which many of the participants were engaged, a counter to David Cameron’s depiction of claimants ‘sitting on the sofa waiting for their benefit cheques to arrive’. Further, this chapter discusses the aspirations of individuals, and how individuals often hoped for a future in paid work, and where they could feel ordinary and secure. Overall, this chapter begins the work of detailing lived experiences – citizenship from below – and in so doing challenges the dominant citizenship narrative from above.
Ending welfare dependency? Experiencing welfare reform
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on individuals’ experiences of welfare reform, and how changes to benefits are anticipated, experienced and reflected upon. Reforms detailed include changes to disability benefits, the intensification and extension of welfare conditionality, and the marked increase in the use of benefit sanctions. These changes are ongoing, and examining their impact and how they are experienced thus has an ongoing relevance and timeliness. This chapter details the ‘work’ and ‘costs’ associated with welfare reform, highlighting the extent to which together these constitute the significant ‘burden’ caused by benefit changes. Further, the ways in which welfare conditionality sometimes leads to perverse consequences is detailed – showing that conditionality and sanctions can impede rather than aid transitions from welfare to work.
Conclusion: social insecurity and ‘welfare’
Authors: Patrick Ruth
Published: September 2017

This concluding chapter summarises the central argument of this book: that there is a considerable disjunct between citizenship from above, and citizenship as it is lived and experienced from below. The citizenship consequences of this disjunct are discussed, and the implications for the future social in/exclusion of those who rely on benefits for all or most of their income. Further, this chapter considers whether a call for greater social citizenship rights is still a pertinent and effective one, or whether instead social citizenship has been co-opted by the dominant work-based citizenship narrative from above. Although citizenship’s original emancipatory intent has been subverted by recent governments, there remains scope in calls for genuine and meaningful social inclusion and social rights that offer protection and support to all citizens. Here, there is particular potential in a focus on social security as a mechanism for addressing the pervasive insecurity that characterises everyday life. Policy makers also need to listen much more closely to those with the ‘expertise by experience’ that comes with living with poverty and welfare reform, and these voices need to be better incorporated into political and public debates.
Vulnerabilities
Authors: Hallett Sophie
Published: September 2017

In this chapter attention is given over to the wider context surrounding young people’s experiences, and why or how it is that some young people are vulnerable to being sexually exploited. The chapter considers that unmet needs are essential to a full understanding of CSE. Inadequate care (relationships, systems and acts), lack of opportunity for reciprocal relationships, unacknowledged agency and feelings of being object were considered to be at the root of the exploitative relationships and circumstances in which young people were involved.
A very brief history of solitary confinement and the supermax penitentiary
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

Initially, solitary confinement was introduced as a reform by which to correct the inhumane conditions of existing correctional institutions of the late 1700s and the early 1800s. Though these facilities were able to separate the criminal element from law abiding society, it was much less effective in addressing the various medical, physical and psychological harms generally inflicted on these incarcerated populations. As a rehabilitative strategy, solitary confinement was believed to provide the necessary degree of social isolation, by which to evoke a true contrition for one’s social sins. However, by the late 1800s, the support for the continued rehabilitative utility of these practices was quickly falling out of favour. Since the early 1900s, solitary confinement has been exclusively employed as a strategy of rationalized retribution; the advent of supermax confinement has merely expanded this punitive strategy and applied to the functional rationale of entire institutions.
From the other side of the door: the lived experience of solitary confinement
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

The experience of solitary confinement imposes a variety of potential psychological harms for those placed in this type of isolating situation. At the core of this experience is the imposition of an alternative world that fundamentally disrupts the very ground of human existence. Though the specific meaning of this type of encounter is in some ways different for every individual, what remains similar across this experience is the way in which it denies the relational ontology of human being.
Some closing reflections
Authors: Polizzi David
Published: September 2017

Solitary confinement evokes a manner of human torture that does not need to include the actual presence of another individual to inflict this physical or psychological harm. Its sole intent is to inflict harm and wear down the individual so confined. First it takes away the world and or time, then it takes the human self as well.
BaTiO3 FILMS DEPOSITED ONTO TiNb AND Ti SUBSTRATES - AMOUNT AND STABILITY OF BARIUM
Authors: Moriová Kamila , Tolde Zdeněk , Vaněk Přemysl , Starý Vladimír , Nehasil Václav
Published: September 2017

BaTiO3 films deposited onto TiNb and Ti substrates using hydrothermal synthesis method were studied in the presented work. These films are supposed to improve properties of bone implants due to their ferroelectric behaviour, because ferroelectrics induce improved bone formation. A great question is the chemical stability of the used material. It can be crucial for its biocompatibility and possible in vivo application. We studied chemical composition of prepared samples, especially concentration of Ba and Ti and trends of these concentrations stimulated by a solution saline action. The Ba and Ti concentrations were determined by XPS under ultra - high vacuum condition. The BaTiO3 films were investigated as received after the preparation procedure as well as after a long - time treatment in solution saline. Every sample was introduced to the solution saline at first for 1 and later for 3 weeks. Ti concentration almost does not change during our experiments while a meaningful Ba decrease is observed. Nevertheless, barium release seems to slow down with respect to the time of solution saline action. Stability of barium titanate films in a period of several months and an absolute amount of the released barium will be a subject of the next research.
ENZIMAS VEGETAIS: EXTRAÇÃO E APLICAÇÕES BIOTECNOLÓGICAS
Authors: Antunes Rafael Souza , Lopes Flavio Marques , Brito Andressa de Oliveira , Garcia Luane Ferreira , Sousa Denes Ferraz de , Gil Eric de Souza
Published: September 2017

O artigo descreve as metodologias analíticas atuais mais utilizadas na obtenção de enzimas vegetais para aplicações biotecnológicas. São relatados os métodos de isolamento e purificação parcial, que se resumem nas técnicas cromatográficas e eletroforéticas, enfatizando a importância dessas enzimas nas pesquisas em Biotecnologia, com foco nas suas aplicações, características e peculiaridades. No que se refere à aplicabilidade, o artigo traz diversos exemplos na produção de alimentos, na fabricação e produção de biossenssores para determinação de diversos analitos e na biorremediação, que que tem como objetivo a remoção de poluentes do ambiente natural e a sua conversão em produtos menos prejudiciais, utilizando, para isso, as enzimas vegetais. Interesses industriais também são discutidos.
VANTAGENS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PRONTUÁRIO ELETRÔNICO NA SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE E NA OTIMIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DO FARMACÊUTICO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Crippa Valdinara , Colombo Dias Diego Roberto
Published: September 2017

Com o objetivo de analisar as contribuições do prontuário eletrônico na garantia da segurança do paciente no uso de medicamentos em hospitais, e seu reflexo na otimização do trabalho do farmacêutico hospitalar, foi feita uma revisão sistemática de artigos originais apresentando benefícios referentes à segurança da prescrição e administração de medicamentoscom o uso do prontuário eletrônico em hospitais. Estudos relevantes foram identificados por meio das bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE e Scielo. Foram retornados 99 artigos, dos quais 10 que melhor atenderamaos critérios estabelecidos, foram selecionados para discussão. A análise apontou o uso do prontuário eletrônico em hospitais como favorável para viabilizar maior apoio à decisão clínica e monitoramento de medicamentos, redução de erros, realização de intervenções atempada e maior agilidade e organização dos processos de trabalho, concluindo que o prontuário eletrônico contribui para a qualidade e eficiência da assistência prestada e otimiza o trabalho dos farmacêuticos e demais profissionais da rede hospitalar.