bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The possible role of dopamine receptors DOP-1 and DOP-3 in behavior thermotolerance regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas
Authors: Kalinnikova Tatiana Borisovna , Kolsanova Rufina Rifkatovna , Belova Evgenia Borisovna , Khakimova Dilyara Makhmutrievna , Gainutdinov Marat Khamitovich , Shagidullin Rifgat Roaldovich
Published: December 2020

The paper investigates dopamine influence on the tolerance of swimming, induced by mechanical stimulus, to the temperature of 36C during the experiments with nematodes of wild type strain N2 and mutant strains LX636 (dop-1(vs101)) and LX703 (dop-3(vs106)) with null-mutations of genes of dopamine receptors DOP-1 and DOP-3. The authors have shown that dopamine in concentrations 0,51,0 mM increased the behavior thermotolerance of C. elegans while in concentrations 7,515,0 dopamine caused its decrease. Null-mutation of dopamine receptor gene dop-3 prevented the decrease of C. elegans thermotolerance by dopamine. On the contrary, null-mutation of dopamine receptor gene dop-1 caused significant rise in sensitivity of behavior thermotolerance to dopamine. In connection with well-known conceptions assuming that the reason of heat damage of C. elegans behavior is acetylcholine deficiency due to inhibition of its secretion by hyperthermia, the dopamine influence on behavior thermotolerance can be accounted for the dopamine influence on acetylcholine secretion by motor neurons. It is known that in C. elegans motor neurons the coexpression of genes of receptors DOP-1 and DOP-3 takes place. Activation of these receptors in turn causes opposite changes in dopamine secretion.
Structure and factors of forest birds diversity forming in the Ishim river area (Russia)
Authors: Levykh Alyona Yuryevna , Boldyrev Stepan Leonidovich
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the relationship between specific parameters of habitats (the forest area along the route, the average age of the forest, the closure of the crowns, the condition of the crowns, the type of anthropogenic impact, the stage of vegetative succession, the wetting of the forest), the abundance of birds, Shannon and Simpsons indices of the species diversity of forest ornithocenosis. This study is based on the materials of field bird records conducted in the seasons of 20142016 on 28 permanent routes in the forest habitats of the Ishim River area (Russia). A statistically significant effect of the anthropogenic impact on the Shannon diversity index and the significant influence of the plant succession stage on Shannons species diversity index and the abundance of birds have been established by the method of one-way analysis of variance using the nonparametric Kraskel-Walliss criterion. It is shown that the maximum value of Shannons index of variety is characteristic for the ornithocenosis of recreational forests; the one close to the maximum is in forests in which grazing is carried out. In the course of plant succession, there is initially an insignificant increase in the total abundance of birds, then a significant decrease in it, as well as a sharp decrease of Shannons diversity index. The obtained results show that the anthropogenic load in form of cattle grazing and recreation conditions an increase in forest habitats heterogeneity and thereby contributes to an increase in bird species diversity.
Red fox sex ratio and changes in the number in the Krasnoarmeisky District of the Samara Region
Authors: Sklueva Olga Aleksandrovna , Sklyuev Valeriy Vitalyevich , Khakimov Rafik Ibragimovich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents some data on the red fox (Vulpes vulpes, Linnaeus, 1758) sex ratio in the Krasnoarmeysky District of the Samara Region. The results of winter trails traces of mammals show the placement of individual sites of males and females. The authors consider relationship between the population dynamics, sex and age composition and the placement of individual sites. Some aspects of behavioral adaptations and causes of changes in the number of animals in the study area are considered. The influence of a poaching factor on the dynamic indicators of the studied population and the possible danger of the epizootic process is described. A comparative analysis with the previously obtained data on the ratio of males and females in the litter is carried out. The paper indicates possible causes of animals number changes in the study areas. Poaching has a direct impact on the studied population homeostatic state maintaining mechanisms. There is also a forecast of poaching influence on deterioration of epidemiological and epizootic situation in the investigated region. In this paper we give recommendations to minimize possible damage by human activities.
Hydromacrophytes composition in water reservoirs of the North-Eastern part of the Kurgan Region
Authors: Tokar Olga Egorovna
Published: December 2020

Hydromacrophyte flora of 22 water bodies in the Kurgan Region was studied in 2017. The aquatic study was conducted within the 6 administrative districts of the Kurgan Region: Chastoozersky (4), Petrovsky (2) Makushinski (7), Lebyazhyevsky (4), Vargashinsky (2), and Mokrousovsky (3). The area of the research was between 55 09 minutes of the North latitude and 5548 of the North latitude, from West to East between 6553 of the East latitude and 69 19 minutes of the East latitude. During the research we selected and recorded samples of macroalgae and collected herbarium of higher hydromacrophytes. The paper contains data on species composition and frequency of hydromacrophytes occurrence; new location of Ruppia maritima L. that is considered to be rare in the Kurgan Region was found. Its the first time the specific structure of mаcroscopic algae has been given for the territory of research. It is noted that the species of Chara contraria A. Br., is a rare one, and here it is located on the Northern border of its distribution, therefore it needs protection. Most of the identified species of hydromacrophytes are common in the West Siberian plain (Northern Kazakhstan, Tyumen Region). The paper also contains information about the location of invasive species Elodea canadensis Michx. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for further hydrobotanical study of water reservoirs in the Kurgan Region.
Cultural peculiarities of Russia-Eurasia in Savitskiy’s conception
Authors: Bystryukov Vladimir Yurevich
Published: December 2020

The paper is aimed at P.N. Savitskiys evaluation of cultural peculiarities of Russia-Eurasia. As a leader of the Eurasianism, he based his works on the main idea of the movement, which is the acceptance of Eurasian civilization. The influence of the Eurasia concept was the key point to the whole concept of the Eurasianship and the views of its individual representatives. The reality of a new continent existence determined the texts of Eurasianists, made it necessary to search for the system in a variety of features, and in the system itself to see an ordering that could not be connected with anything else than with a new continent. Cultural peculiarities of Russia-Eurasia were conditioned by its geographic expansion and its political factors. P.N. Savitskiy admitted the importance of the Orthodox Church in Russia-Eurasia history. According to P.N. Savitskys mind Russia is the third great Eurasian culture. However, the essentializing of Eurasia led to certain contradictions in the views of different representatives of the movement as well as of each Eurasian. According to the scientist, the manner of the new civilization development led inevitably to the Eurasian Russian future.
Features of Adenophora lilifolia (L.) A. DC. cenopopulations organization on specially protected natural areas of the Middle Volga and Southern Urals
Authors: Abramova Larisa Mihailovna , Andreeva Irina Zakievna , Ilina Valentina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The study of rare plants at the level of cenopopulations throughout the range greatly contributes to the identification of their biology and ecology features. We identified features of the age and spatial structure of Adenophora lilifolia (L.) A. DC. cenopopulations in the ecological conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Middle Volga (Samara Region) and the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan), as well as the mountainous zone of the Southern Urals. Adenophora lilifolia is included in the Red Book of the Samara Region in category 3 a rare species. The study of A. lilifolia populations was carried out in different years on the territory of specially protected territories of different rank. We used standard techniques for determining cenopopulations structure. The studied cenopopulations are located on the fringes of oak-lime, birch, less often maple-linden or aspen forests, sparse forests or forest potholes. The total density of individuals varies from 0,8 to 4,2 specimens / m. The mean values of the generative fraction in the populations are 81,1%, the prevalent fraction is 19,3%. The basic ontogenetic spectrum of A. lilifolia is characterized as centered. Although the share of generative individuals in all cenopopulations is high, the distribution by ontogenetic groups in the two regions differs. The average values of demographic indices indicate a fairly high stability of the species populations. Of the 14 investigated cenopopulations of A. lilifolia, according to the delta-omega criterion, most are mature; in addition, transitional and maturing are identified. In general, the state of the populations in the Southern Urals is fairly prosperous. All studied populations in the Samara Region have a high anthropogenic load, and the number of individuals in specific habitats is low.
Amygdalus nana L. reproductive structures features study when introduced in the North
Authors: Miftakhova Svetlana Alekseevna , Skrotskaya Olga Valerievna
Published: December 2020

As a result of Amygdalus nana plant flowers structure study, when introduced in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic, its conformity to the species features of the plant is shown. The authors also note teratological changes, expressed in the abnormal development of sterile or fertile flower structures. The number of petals increases, their edges become wavy; stamens transform into petals, there is pistil underdevelopment, etc. The life cycle of A. nana flowers was traced in the conditions of the North, the duration of the phases of their development was determined (Phase I dense green bud, II phase of pink bud, III phase beginning of blossoming flower, IV phase full blossoming of the flower and V phase fading). The features of the fruiting process of A. nana are shown, where degeneration of fertilized ovules is noted, which is due to the possible violation of different stages of embryogenesis. In this case, a significant number of anomalies in the fertile parts of the flower, possibly, lead to a small number of fruits on plants. The analysis of the A. nana flower structure in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic gives additional information on the intraspecific changes in the reproductive structures of this plant; the results obtained can serve as additional information for establishing anthocological differences within the taxon.
Fauna and bird population of agricultural landscapes of forest and steppe zone in Tula Region
Authors: Chelnokova Tatyana Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the features of the composition and distribution of communities of different types of birds in agricultural landscapes (agrolandscapes, agricultural land and farmland) of forest and steppe zone in Tula Region. The author of the paper shows the materials and methods of study, research techniques and the results of work for several years. Moreover the author shows the results of information data of long-period research which help to see a wide diversity of birds (biological diversity) of the avifauna of agricultural landscapes. The article discusses the differences of aviafauna (on the example of different types of landscapes and the degree of transformation of the territory) which determine the necessity for further reseraches in Tula Region. To do it, it is important to analyze the results of researches of different authors concerning the situation in other surrounding regions. The author believes it will help to compare the fauna diversity and identify the reasons of diversity. The results of work are important for further reseraches concerning the monitoring of local avifauna of different agricultural landscapes in Tula Region and surrounding regions. Moreover it will help to create the new special lists, bird atlases, Red book, and documentation.
New data about the early Neolithic of the steppe Volga Region
Authors: Yudin Aleksandr Ivanovich , Vybornov Aleksandr Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

The issue of early Neolithic isolation in various territories is one of the most difficult to study. The early Neolithic steppe Volga Region was unknown for a long time. This is due to the small number of Neolithic monuments in the region of interest. The situation changed after the study of the Varfolomeevskaya site. The lower layer of this reference monument of the Orel culture belonged to the Middle Neolithic, layers 2B and 2A to the late Neolithic. This version was based on a limited source base and a few radiocarbon dates, some of which were of a debatable nature. New field surveys in 20142017 on three excavations in Oroshaemoe Settlement and significant series of radiocarbon dates for various organic materials obtained in various laboratories (including AMS) allowed us to revise the periodization of both the Varfolomeevskaya site and the Oryol culture on the whole. This allows you to make a typological analysis of materials, as well as technical and technological analysis of ceramic implements. Thus, the earliest ceramics are made from silt with a natural admixture of shells of mollusks. The lower layer of the monument is now defined as Early Neolithic, layer 2B the Middle Neolithic, layer 2A late Neolithic.
Catacomb incense burners of kurgans 1 and 4 of Kounakovsky-2 (on the example of Andropovskiy District, Stavropol Region)
Authors: Panasyuk Nathalia Victorovna
Published: December 2020

The author considers the data of Suvorov catacomb culture burials with incense burners, found in kurgans Kounakovsky-2, explored by the expedition of the Nasledie in Stavropol Region in 2005. The artefacts from burials of two kurgans (1 and 4) illustrate the typological variety of the catacomb ritual bowls. In addition these kurgans demonstrate good stratigraphy of burials that allows seeing the incense burners evolution. Such evolution has been already created on data of Vostochnomanych catacomb culture, when early and late types were identified. Suvorov catacomb cultures incense burners of type I, II, VI, X are found in kurgans Kounakovsky-2, one item belongs to the early catacomb period. Stratigraphic data of kurgan 1 indicates almost synchronic construction of the burials, as evidenced by the finds of typologically close incense burners. Kurgan 4 was built at least in four steps, which are illustrated by ritual bowls of early (I, II) and late (VI, X) stages. As a result the authors of the paper justify that Suvorov catacomb culture may be divided in two periods of development, marked by different types of incense burners.
Theoretical foundations of preschoolers’ social orientation readiness structure
Authors: Barcaeva Elena Vasilievna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature devoted to the problem of preschoolers readiness for social orientation. The author examines the key concepts of the study: socialization, social orientation, readiness, readiness for social and domestic orientation and readiness for social and domestic orientation with regard to preschoolers. The paper characterizes preschool age as a sensitive period of social and household orientation readiness development. The paper describes main neoplasms of age, social situation of development, as well as specificity of the leading activity. The author considers the concept of readiness structure. The paper also presents main structural components of readiness for social orientation in relation to preschool age: personal, cognitive and activity. The paper reveals the components of readiness for social orientation of preschoolers and characterizes the essence of each component. The personal component of readiness for social and domestic orientation of preschoolers includes: value orientation, motivation, emotional well-being, qualities that characterize the properties of the individual. Cognitive component of readiness for social orientation of preschoolers is represented by primary ideas about the natural and social world, primary mathematical concepts, primary socio-cultural ideas and primary ideas about social and domestic activities. The activity component of readiness for social and household orientation of preschoolers is characterized by general intellectual, general labor, social and household, communicative skills.
Influence of resource-saving technologies of basic cultivation on the enzymatic activity of chernozem in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Kozhevnikov Nikolay Vladimirovich , Zaushintsena Alexandra Vasilyevna , Romanov Vasily Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

Currently, much attention is paid to modern resource-saving soil treatment systems. In connection with insufficient scientific provision, it is necessary to study new technologies for tillage in various soil and climatic conditions. The paper considers the influence of resource-saving technologies of basic cultivation on fermentative activity of chernozem of the ordinary Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Three soil treatment systems have been examined as well classical autumn plowing to a depth of 22 cm, minimum cultivation to a depth of 810 cm and direct seeding technology. To study the dynamics of biological activity, the activity of invertase, ureza, phosphatase, catalase and dehydrogenase have been analyzed. The chernozem cultivation of experimental production facility Minino led to a decrease in the activity of soil enzymes. Catalase activity got decreased by 9,88%, urease activity by 28,78%, dehydrogenase activity by 29,95%, phosphatase activity by 30,30%. The strongest differences were noted for the invertase activity 39,94%. The use of energy-saving technologies for the cultivation of grain crops increases the activity of soil enzymes with the exception of catalase. The higher activity of dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase and invertase is established in versions with minimal technology. Cultivated crops had no significant effect on the activity of soil enzymes.
Rooting of Vaccinium corymbosum L. microshoots cv. «Blue-Berry» in culture in vitro and ex vitro
Authors: Mohamed Gamil Abuo El-Dis , Khusnetdinova Landysh Zavdetovna , Timofeeva Olga Arnoldovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses a method of micropropagation of Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Blue-Berry. The results showed that WPM supplemented with 1,0 mg/l of zeatin in combination with 0,1 mg/l of indolyl-3-butyric acid was more effective for the multiplication of blueberry axillary shoots. The maximum increase in the number of healthy axillary shoots was observed in the fourth subculture, whereas the phenomenon of hyperhydration (vitrification) began to appear in the fifth subculture. In addition, it was established that the presence of indolyl-3-butyric acid and 1,0 g/l of activated charcoal in the nutrient medium lead to the development of good root system of the Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Blue-Berry. The highest mean number of roots formed per explant was obtained on WPM medium, supplemented with 0,5 mg/l indolyl-3-butyric acid after 10 weeks. Acclimatization of in vitro regenerated plantlets of Vaccinium corymbosum with a developed root system in ex-vitro conditions (pH 3,54) showed a 100% survival rate.
Spatial organization of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. populations on the railway line
Authors: Nikitin Nikolay Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The spatial structure of populations under the conditions of anthropogenic impact is a very important indicator that reflects the behavioral patterns of the species, such as changes in the structure and aggregation of individuals. Quarantine weeds are the object of ecologists close attention, as these weeds carry the greatest danger to the population, since they most often cause pollinosis and a significant deterioration in the quality of life during seasonal outbreaks of the disease. That is why they should be investigated by methods of analyzing the spatial structure of their populations. Railways are considered to be corridors along which quarantine weeds and other alien and invasive species are able to spread to new territories. Spatial behavior of species, formation of aggregations and large clusters, or a uniform distribution of individuals can reveal a fundamental relationship between the conditions of anthropogenic impact along the right-of-way and the spatial structure of populations. Along the Kinel-Bezenchuk Kuybyshev railroad in the spatial structure of the population of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. there is a group and uniform distribution of individuals. Aggregation of individuals in clusters (group distribution) are found in the places with the highest anthropogenic load.
Main weed species of the Republic of Bashkortostan: position on environmental gradients and agrobiological groups
Authors: Khasanova Gulnaz Rimovna , Yamalov Sergey Maratovich , Lebedeva Maria Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a study of the main weed species in the Republic of Bashkortostan according to the results of a floristic analysis of 1170 geobotanical releves. The authors define 30 species, their constancy is more than 20%. Five species of dicotyledonous and 1 species of monocotyledonous plants Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album, Cirsium setosum, Fallopia convolvulus, Avena fatua, Sonchus arvensis are characterized with the greatest values of occurrence (higher than 50%). According to the results of the ordination analysis and ANOVA the considered species are well differentiated on the gradients of the factors of moistening, richness of the soil and a crop. Among agrobiological groups of weed species the annual and creeping-rooted weeds prevail.
Assessment of ecological and geochemical condition of soils and dust content of atmospheric air in the residential zone of the mining industry center
Authors: Khasanova Rezeda Firgatovna , Semenova Irina Nikolaevna , Rafikova Yuliya Samigullovna , Suyundukov Yalil Tukhvatovich , Ilyina Irina Valerievna
Published: December 2020

The research studies the content of heavy metals (HM) in soils of residential zones of Sibay the mining industry center of the South-East of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is shown that in soils under herbaceous vegetation there is an increased content of a number of HMS, such as copper, zinc and cadmium. At the same time the areas located under the crown of Betula pendula Roth. are less contaminated with HM compared to open areas. Reduced content of a number of metals (iron, cadmium, cobalt and mobile forms of Nickel) in soils under the crown of the Roth confirms the barrier role of woody plants that protect the soil from airborne toxicants. The study showed the prospects of using a birch as a type of accumulator-phytoremediant in the greening of the mining region urban areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Studies of TM content in organs and tissues have shown that representatives of the species growing in Sibay can accumulate a significant amount of phytotoxicants, especially zinc, the content of which ranged 10411855 mg/kg. One of the sources of the increased TM content in the leaves and the bark of trees is dust. The paper presents a comparative study of the dustiness of birch leaves growing in the Central part of the city with heavy traffic and in the vicinity of the Sibay quarry, developing a Deposit of copper-zinc ore. The amount of dust on the leaves collected near the dumps of the Sibay quarry was 3,53 0,64 g/m, which is less than in the Central part of the city, where this figure reached 41,04 10,38 g/m. Obviously, this is due to the fact that the dumps of the Sibay quarry are located in an open and intensively ventilated area, which explains the strong dispersion of dust. At the same time dust particles near the quarry dumps are much more contaminated with manganese, cobalt and cadmium than in the Central part of the city.
Food resources in the economy and ritual practices of the Northern Mesopotamia population during the transition to the Neolithic
Authors: Kornienko Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The ultimate establishment of the agricultural economy in the central zone of the Fertile Crescent took place in the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB), while the heyday of symbolism, establishing complex social relations among the population of Northern Mesopotamia occur in the era of the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA). In this period, the domestication of any plant species is not yet registered in South-Eastern Anatolia (an area where the long-term intertribal cult center of Gbekli Tepe was found) unlike the neighboring Levant. The paper discusses possible models for the producing economy establishment in the region, analyzes materials suggesting that the ritual practices of the transition period to the Neolithic in some cases could contribute to the emergence and new economic strategies spread on the territory of Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, the comparison of the climatic changes scientific studies results, archeobotanical and archaeozoological collections and material evidence of the development of social and spiritual life from Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic monuments of Northern Mesopotamia shows the coevolution/mutual influence of people and the surrounding natural environment. In our opinion, on the basis of the available data it is impossible to assert the primacy of the symbol revolution in the process of Neolithization in relation to early attempts at plant cultivation.
Fishery in the Tobol-Ishim interfluve in the neolithic and early metal age
Authors: Zakh Viktor Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

Landscapes of the Tobol-Ishim interfluve were not stable in the Holocene and varied from forests and drowned floodplains at the beginning of the V and III millennia BC to steppificated territories with a lowered water level at the beginning of the Atlantic Period and in the middle of the Subboreal Period, which determined the main types of economic activities, one of them was fishing. Changes in hydrological regime of water bodies influenced the methods of fishing, including the use of different traps. Thus, in the Neolithic, when the water level decreased, the location of settlements in the system river-creek-lake (for example, Mergen 6), a large number of fish bones, bone harpoons, fishing spears, fishing tackles for catching pike and a total absence of plummets were indicative of individual fishing for large fish and, perhaps, of stop net fishery, which was facilitated by a decrease in the width of watercourses and tombolos. Stop net (stake net) fishery led to a settled lifestyle of the population, collective activities and the emergence of long-term settlements with deep foundation pits of dwellings. When the water level in rivers and lakes increased and floods became more frequent, the life support system changed, the population began to develop coasts more widely, its mobility increased, and they started to build framed above-ground dwellings. Following those changes, biconic, cigar-shaped, and corniculate plummets emerged in the Tobol River Basin and on the adjacent western and north-western territories in the III and early II millennium BC. When the water level was high, it was efficient to fish using traps, seines and, probably, nets, although the latter could also be used in drive hunting for shedding geese and ducks. Subrectangular plummets with one or two ties for fastening, and disk-shaped plummets with a tie in the center had been prevailing since the beginning of the II millennium BC; they existed until the first third of the I millennium BC. This period, the transition time from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, is characterized by the absence of clay plummets, while there are large accumulations of fish scales and bones in the settlement layers. We can suppose that the population of that time (local Late Bronze Age population, mixed with northern migrants who made utensils with cross ornamentation) switched from net fishing to stop net fishing.
Coracoid artefacts and fishing implements of the Volosovo culture ritual «hoards» from site Sakhtysh-II (Central Russia)
Authors: Kostyleva Elena Leonidovna , Matsane Aiya
Published: December 2020

Sakhtysh II burial ground (Central Russia) belongs to the final stage of the Eneolithic Volosovo culture evolution. The Upper-Volga expedition IA RAS conducted the research there during 19601980. About twenty ritual hoards were discovered at Sakhtysh II consisting of artifacts clusters with traces of fire exposure. Among them there is a variety of fishing tools: serrated edges, harpoons, fishing hooks. We believe that the coracoid artefacts made of bone, the purpose of which is still debated, are also harpoons. The variety of the fishing tools forms allow us to speak about the specialization in fishing. Time of use of these hoards is based on coal samples from the ritual hearths which have been determined by radiocarbon dates: 3820 40, 3900 40, 4190 50 BP (Le-2617, 2613, 2615). However, dating of animal bones (bear and badger) from two hoards (№ 9 and 11) in 2017 at the Belfast laboratory provided new AMS dates: 4730 41 and 4445 37. The significant difference between new and previous dates may depend on the reservoir effect, due to the fact that the diet of these omnivorous animals included fish as well as the fact that these two hoards were located outside the main ritual areas, belonging to an earlier time.
Material and technical base of the Chelyabinsk Region financial bodies during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Ivlev Nikita Nikolayevich
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the material and technical position of the financial bodies in the Chelyabinsk Region in 19411945. The author provides a structure of regional financial institutions, which included the financial departments (Financial Department of the region, city and districts), savings-banks and long-term lending banks. The paper also examines dynamics of changes in the material and technical support of the regional financial system during the war. The analysis of archival sources clearly shows that in the first years of the war the material and technical support of the regional system of financial institutions was in critical condition: there was not enough office space, transport, calculating machines and typewriters as well as other necessary equipment for the work. But with the beginning of a radical change in the lines the situation gradually began to improve. Both cash and food were increased, the situation with transport, office and accommodation space was stabilized, new equipment appeared. Despite the difficult situation, the material and technical support did not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the regional financial bodies. Financial stability was maintained both at the nationwide and regional levels. The government targets of military loans distribution were not only performed but also beaten. In total, 1,6 billion rubles were collected in the Chelyabinsk Region, which is 2% of the nationwide funds received from the distribution of the government loan. The most important indicator of the work efficiency was the qualitative performance of regional budgets.
Public mood of the Kuibyshev Region residents in 1990-1991 in the context of the social history of Russia
Authors: Zakharchenko Alexey Vladimirovich , Kirdyashev Maksim Sergeevich , Pankeeva Ksenia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with 19901991 as a turning point, which marked the collapse of the policy of perestroika, the communist institutions of power became a relic of the past, metamorphoses took place in the social structure of the Soviet society. The focus of everyday life history is the reality in the interpretation of its immediate participants, who were witnesses of the events of those years. Such events can relate to different spheres of life, and participants in these events can be people of different social strata. Newspapers and magazines are considered to be an irreplaceable source of information for studying the relationship between government and society in this chronological period. Letters and appeals of citizens from the regional newspaper Volzhskaya Kommuna were taken into consideration. There were rubrics expressing public opinion about the dynamics of the perestroika policy. The emotional reaction reflected in the letters is of great interest. The sources clearly record the main tendencies and stages of the public mood that prevailed in that period, thereby transfer the political apathy that spread in the society. The information received from the sources makes a definite contribution to the study of the everyday life history and can serve as a basis for research and reveal new aspects in social history.
Sanitary and chemical indicators of surface water source and drinking water on the Kola coast (on the example of Severomorsk)
Authors: Konovalova Ineya Igorevna , Trotsenko Alla Anatolyevna , Khazov Pavel Andreevich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents data on the study results of sanitary and chemical indicators of water from the surface source and drinking water in Severomorsk for the period 20172018. The authors have revealed that the main indicators (smell, iron, pH, total hardness, chlorides, sulfates, ammonia nitrogen, nitrates and nitrites) of the water in the capital of the Northern fleet fully complies with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 Hygienic requirements for the protection of surface water. During the study period, there were slight fluctuations in indicators due to seasonal dynamics. The analysis of the data showed that drinking water in all areas of Severomorsk in color in 2017 exceeds the limit of MPC. The greatest excess is observed in summer. This is due to the fact that in spring and summer a large number of fulvic and humic acids, which lead to an increase in color, comes to the pond with rain and swampwaters. A direct dependence of color on iron parameters was also revealed. The iron content in drinking water for 20172018 exceeds the MAC boundary, which can be associated with water stagnation, which causes an increase in the concentrations of this indicator. The obtained data can be used in the implementation of measures to improve water treatment, drinking water treatment and allocation of the necessary funds for the implementation of the plan of utilities overhaul.
The experience of distinguishing constructively chronological types of swords of the first half of I millennium AD in Prikamye
Authors: Malykh Oleg Olegovych , Shmuratko Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Current trends include the use of mathematical methods for Humanities studies. One of the methods that have proven to be effective in interpreting mass material obtained during archaeological excavations is a discriminant analysis method. Discriminant analysis is a section of mathematical statistics that assumes the presence of an object that was accidentally extracted from one of them. The proposed work is an application of this method for the study of swords used in Prikamye in the first half of I millennium. Based on discriminant analysis data for each subperiod of the first half of the I millennium an attempt will be made to isolate reference finds, which parameters and design features are most characteristic for a certain time interval. On the basis of mathematical calculations rather than a subjective opinion, the author concludes that there were four types of swords used on the territory of the Prikamye. The proposed paper discusses a possibility of dating accidentally found weapons, based on a comparison of the characteristics of their parameters and design with the data of swords originating from closed burial complexes.
The fate of cultural and historical values of Russia at the crossroads of eras (1917-1927)
Authors: Tatarenkova Natalia Andreevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the problems of preserving objects of Russian history and culture in 1917-1927. The author analyzes contradictory processes in the cultural life of the Soviet state in the first post-revolutionary decade. Based on archival sources, she shows the activities of the departments for protection of art monuments and antiques, the role of creative intelligentsia in saving and museumification of cultural and historical values. For example, she describes the first state inventory of art and historical values, as well as realization difficulties of their protection policy in some provinces. There are also some wreck and ruin examples of nobilitys country estates. The author emphasizes the role of creative intelligentsia in saving and museumification of cultural values and characterizes some cultural workers of the designated era accentuating that they have corrected, to a certain extent, revolutionary nihilism of the authorities concerning the cultural heritage. Due to this fact, the 1920s became the Golden age in the history of museum business. During this period, public and private repositories replenished countrys museums with works of art and antiquities. The author concludes that the museumification of Church buildings and objects relating to divine worship was a way to save them for total destruction. The author uses new dates, gathered in the central and regional archives of Russian Federation.
Theory and organization of complex control at Physical Education
Authors: Korovin Sergey Semenovich
Published: December 2020

The quality of the directed usage of physical culture in education values, comprehensive and complex reproduction of the personality, demands a system organization of physical education processes management, which, in its turn, makes it necessary to create and realize a system of complex control of physical culture translators processes and the results of its assimilation. Complex control in this case is a system of management, organization, diagnostics and estimation actions to define the effectiveness of physical education process (processes of physical culture assimilation) and the quality of its correspondence to the established purposes-demands. The system of complex control is represented by two components - directions of its organization and realization: control of a physical education system (including control of external environment factors; physical education competences; educational environment) and the control of a physical education object (including medico biological, psychological and pedagogical forms of control concerning the basic and physical culture of the personality separately). Psychological and pedagogical control is realized with regard to total sizes of the body, physical, technical, behavior, mental and theoretical readiness as well as with regard to each component of the basic culture of the personality (ethical, aesthetic, civil, labour, intellectual (cognitive), communicative). The medico biological form of control comprises diagnostics and evaluation of physical growth data (total sizes of the body, first of all), correspondence of the passport age to the biological and functional readiness (the state of the vascular and respiratory systems), physical working capacity and physical adaptation as well as general state of health.
«Russian world» concept in the course of foreign students’ sociocultural competence development
Authors: Marchuk Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

In this paper the author analyzes the Russian world concept which has become a stable term in Russia as well as around the world; the analysis of the concept is accompanied by teaching the Russian language to foreign students. The author describes how foreign students can use knowledge of the Russian world traditions during their stay in Russia while learning the Russian language. The author also explains why the concept of the Russian world should be written without quotation marks. Ideological postulates are being assessed critically. A new approach to the Russian world concept is offered taking into account historical and philosophical consequences. The author of the paper interprets the main sense of the concept for studying the Russian world traditions by foreign students who learn the Russian language. The aim of the paper is to develop sociocultural competence with the help of an adequate interpretation of the Russian world concept to foreign students who learn the Russian language. The author considers that a teacher (an instructor) is responsible for correctness and completeness of the information given to students. Hence teaching foreign students depends on teachers (instructors) ideology, knowledge and methods of teaching. According to the author it is especially important to study the offered subject at present.
Development of primary school prospective teachers’ project competence in the process of higher education
Authors: Parfenova Tatyana Alexandrovna , Sevenyuk Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper considers some results of a fundamental research devoted to development of primary school prospective teachers project competence in the process of higher education. The authors reveal the relevance of the pedagogical design study and students project activities. The paper contains advantages of the design paradigm of education, competence model of teaching. The authors reveal the problem of prospective teachers project competence development in the unity of system, cultural, activity and personality-oriented approaches. The paper proposes a definition of a teacher project competence, a structure of a project competence, as well as the authors model of development of primary school prospective teachers project competence in the process of higher education, and highlights blocks, stages, components, criteria and levels. The authors have developed indicators of three levels of teachers project competence development. The paper describes in detail the experimental work on prospective teachers project competence development: methodical approaches to the organization of the experiment are described, methods, stages are listed and tasks of the experiment by stages are revealed. The paper also presents the authors technology of project competence development, it identifies three modules: socio-cultural, psychological and pedagogical. The paper describes in detail the results and analysis of the final stage of the experimental work: empirical data of several sections, qualitative analysis of the results in the experimental and control groups.
Cognitive processes development of future interpreters in the course of the professional training
Authors: Timofeeva Nadezhda Pavlovna , Fokeeva Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Fedorchukova Lidiya Arkadyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the specifics of interpretation skills development. The authors review the role of an interpreter in the act of communication, point out different aspects of interpretation, the success of which is determined by the ability for cross-cultural dialogue. As far as several sensory channels in the work of the interpreter are used, the necessity of special training of concentration, memory, thinking and oral skills and abilities is stated. Moreover the ways of cognitive processes development of future interpreters are described. It should be noted that a set of special exercises for cognitive processes perfection is given. The technique was tested during the training of third-year students studied interpreting. The paper contains a comparative analysis of results taken from diagnostics of both student groups training by the mentioned system of tasks and student groups training without this system. The studies carried out show that students training with special set of exercises focused on cognitive processes development demonstrate higher results. The data obtained can be used for further theoretical studies and for search of progressive methodical decisions.
Ecological adaptation of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge
Authors: Alekseeva Elena Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

One of the current research areas is a comprehensive study of plants that are widely used in traditional medicine, with the aim of possible further introduction. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge is a valuable promising medicinal plant used as a part of recipes for many diseases in the practice of Oriental and Tibetan medicine. Astragalus mongholicus is a species belonging to the large genus Astragalus in the family Fabaceae. It is included in the flora of Mongolia vascular plants. The basis of the work was the study of the morphological, physiological and anatomical features of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, in order to identify the ecological adaptability of the species to the natural and climatic conditions of northern Mongolia. This is a typical long-stem herbaceous polycarpic, hemicryptophyte, has an underground caudex storage organ - for the supply of nutrients and replenishment of buds. It is reproduced by seeds only. The species belongs to the transitional group of plants - xeropetrophyte, which is resistant to water deficiency, populates mountainous steppes. It is a heliophyte that is well developed in conditions of increased solar insolation, with sharp temperature fluctuations during the period of spring growth, development and maturation of fruits and seeds. These adaptations are incorporated in the morphological structure of the biomorph, physiological and anatomical features of the Astragalus mongholicus leaf structure. Based on the conducted morphological and physiological analysis, as well as the anatomical study of the Mongolian Astragalus leaf, it can be concluded that in the course of a long evolutionary development the species is well adapted to the arid climatic conditions of northern Mongolia.
Ecological assessment of regeneration abilities of microfaunistic complex soil invertebrates in conditions of recultivation to technogenic transformed light gray forest soils
Authors: Vershinina Irina Valeryevna , Kozlov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The following paper presents the results of the ecological assessment of the technogenic impact on the number of microfaunistic complex of soil invertebrates in conditions of natural meadow biocenosis. The goal of the paper is to assess remediation actions impact on regeneration processes of microfauna community in conditions of technogenic transformed soils. The probes were carried out on gray forest sandy loamy soils of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Micro arthropod was assessed according to methods admitted in soil zoology with subsequent extractions to laboratories by the Tulgrena-Berleze method with heating up by electro lamps. More than 4100 samples (125 cm each) have been analyzed to assess the total number of microfaunistic complex of broken soils. The results were the data reflecting dynamics of oribatides and collembols representatives population change in anthropogenically broken soils. The authors established that a mechanical violation of soil leads to sharp decrease of micro arthropod number. In conditions of technogenic influence the firmness of microfauna makes 17 pieces/m. The highest number of small soil invertebrates was established in 2018. The authors emphasize that the number of small terricolous most intensively increases when the soil is partially recultivated.