bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of 1-p-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on mitotic activity of apical meristem of onion (Allium cepa L.) roots
Authors: Kuraś M. , Malinowska A.
Published: April 2015

The influence of increasing cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) concentration (50, 100, 300 and 500 μg/ml) on the mitotic activity of the apical meristem of onion adventitious roots was investigated during 24-h incubation in ara-C and postincubation in water. Incubation in ara-C inhibits reversibly mitosis, the degree of inhibition being dependent on the concentration used. 50 μg/ml ara-C causes only a slight and transitional mitotic depression, while 100—500 μg/ml reduces the per cent of mitoses in various degrees after 12-h incubation whereas after 24 h all concentrations (100—500) reduce mitosis to the same level of about 2 per cent (80% inhibition). During postincubation in water there occurs after treatment with 100—500 μg/ml ara-C, a wave of highly synchronized mitoses with a peak after 12 h. The highest frequency of synchronized mitoses (60°/o) appeared in roots treated with 300 μg/ml ara-C. The main wave is preceded by a small one with a peak after 2-4 h of postincubation. This seems to be the consequence of phases S and G2 inhibition by ara-C. It was found that under the influence of ara-C the per cent of mitoses with chromosome aberration and of cells with micronuclei increased only slightly.
Heredity of the fractional composition of wheat grain proteins in the F1 generation
Authors: Filutowicz H. , Serwatowska J. , Kączkowski J.
Published: April 2015

Wheat maternal male-sterile forms and paternal ones possesing a fertilityrestoring ability were used for obtaining series of F1 hybrids and in this material total N, protein fractional composition and total extractability, as well as the compactness of molecules contained in the particular fractions, were determined. It was found, that the above mentioned properties in the F1 generation were influenced to a significant extent by the maternal forms. Particularly important for wheat breeding in the direction of improving the baking quality is the influence of maternal forms on the content of proteins soluble in NaOH, which contain high molecular weight glutenin, as well as on the compactness of the malecules contained in it. The data presented In this paper indicate, that selection of maternal forms for crosses should be performed with great care.
Relation between nuclear DNA content and rate of cell growth during interphase in four species of Angiospermae
Authors: Marciniak K. , Olszewska M. , Osiecka R. J. , Białas J.
Published: April 2015

Among four species of Angiospermae with known nuclear DNA content (Cucurbita pepo - 2.6 pg, Helianthus annuus - 12.0 pg, Vicia faba — 38.0 pg, and Tulipa kaufmanniana - 93.7 pg) the cell growth in the intermitotic period of the cell cycle has been observed to be the fastest in Vicia faba, slower in Helianthus annuus and the slowest in Cucurbita pepo and Tulipa kaufmanniana.
Influence of kinetin on storage protein mobilization and ultrastructure of plastids in excised lupine cotyledons grown in darkness
Authors: Jakubek Marlena , Młodzianowski Fortunat
Published: April 2015

Storage protein disappeared first from the peripheral and later from central parts of the lupine cotyledon. Kinetin (500 μM) stimulated this process; its effect was most prominent after longer times of incubation. In plastids large, crystalline prolamellar bodies were observed. They some-times split into smaller parts during the course of the experiment, especially in the kinetin-treated material. Kinetin in darkness did not stimulate formation of thylakoid membranes (neither grana nor primary lamellae).
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soybean seed proteins
Authors: Lassocińsk W. , Knypl J. S.
Published: April 2015

Four major and 14 minor protein bands were detected when total salt soluble proteins of soybean (Glycine max cultivar Warszawska) seed were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondissociating conditions, and 16 protein bands were detected under dissociating conditions. Molecular weights of three major protein fractions in PAGE SDS were determined for around 18 500, 36 000 and 80 000 daltons.
Potential landscape phytocomplexes of Sudety Mountains
Authors: Matuszkiewicz Jan M.
Published: April 2015

The author presents his own concept of potential landscape phytocomplexes as the structural space units on the level of plant organization higher than an ecosystem (i.e. above biogeocenosis). He also defines the concept of vegetation landscape in a typological sense. Basing on the example of Sudety Mountains and Foreland regions, the author demonstrates a method of distinguishing landscape phytocomplexes and their utilization for regional description of vegetation and geobotanical regionalization.
Chemical composition of the Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. thallus
Authors: Krzaczek T. , Smolarz H.
Published: April 2015

The folowing lichen acids were isolated from Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. thallus: usnic, obtusatic and sekkikaic, as well as d-arabitol and three mucilage and amine fractions. In the mucilage hydrolysates glucose, galactose, glucosamine, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid were found. The following amines were discovered chromatographically: choline, betaine, histamine, acetyl-choline and (β-phenylethylamine; amino acids: aspartic, glutamic, γ-aminobutyric, serine, threonine, alanine, proline, moreover d-mannitol and free arabinose and glucose.
Comparison of auxin activty in tumourous and normal callus cultures from sunflower and tobacco plants
Authors: Chirek Z.
Published: April 2015

In normal and tumourous calluses of sunflower and tobacco the level of extractable auxins was determined by Avena coleoptile straight growth test. Auxin activity was detected practically in two zones: I - at position with Rf 0.2-0.4 and II - at position with Rf 0.6-0.9. The tumour tissues of sunflower and tobacco plants, representing different types of neoplastic growth exhibit a 3 times higher auxin activity as compared with that of the corresponding normal tissues. Tobacco tissues, on the other hand, had a higher auxin level than the corresponding sunflower tissues and they exhibited different proportions in the activity of zones I and II, which points to a dominance of genetic regulation of hormone metabolism in these plants.
Molecular forms of phosphatase and ribonuclease in phosphate deficient and N,N-dimethylmorpholinium chloride treated Spirodela oligorrhiza (Lemnaceae)
Authors: Knypl J. S.
Published: April 2015

Soluble, membrane bound, and extracellular phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2 and 3.1.3.1) of control, N,N-dimethylmorphołinłum chloride (DMMC) treated, and phosphate deficient (-P) axenic Spirodela oligorrhiza plants were analysed by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Soluble, acid enzymes of control plants were separated into two molecular forms with apparent MW ≥ 400 000 and 85 000. Phosphatase with MW 34 000 replaced the latter isoenzyme in the presence of DMMC. Two alkaline enzymes with apparent MW 210 000 and 36 000 were detected in -P plants. Triton X-100 solubilized a number of acid and alkaline phosphatases from membrane material. DMMC caused the appearance of two membrane bound enzymes (MW 48 000 and 14 000) which were not detected in the control. Senescimg control and DMMC treated plants released an acid phosphatase (MW 48 000; pH optimum 5.2) into the nutrient medium. -P plants released, in addition ,an alkaline phosphatase (MW 170,000; pH optimum 7.8-8.2). Ribonucleases (EC 2.7.7.17.) with apparent MW 31000 and 28 000 daltons were induced by DMMC and -P, respectively.
Anatomy and ultrastructure of root nodules of Lupinus luteus
Authors: Woźny A. , Młodzianowski F.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents anatomic structure of root nodules of lupine (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Express) and ultrastructure of cells infected by Rhizobium, The inside of cells from the infected nodule region was filled with numerous bacteria; only centrally located cell nucleus was free of bacteria. Rhizobium was present mostly in the form of "transforming bacteria" (according to the terminology by Ching et al. 1977), characterized by visible nucleoid areas, numerous ribosomes, and polyphosphate granules, although typical bacterioids with poly-β-hydroxybutyrate were also found.
Nucleic acids synthesis in normal and tumorous tobacco calluses treated with hydroxyurea in vitro
Authors: Rennert Aldona
Published: April 2015

In normal and tumorous tobacco calluses treated with hydroxyurea RNA synthesis was investigated with the use of NaH232PO4 as precursor and the method of fractionation on MAK columns. Low inhibitor concentrations show a specific action, and the influence of this compound on the RNA of the two tissues is different. In tumour tissue the population of the rapidly labelled RNA localized in region IV of the elution profiles exhibits remarkable resistance to hydroxyurea (HU). Moreover, disturbances of equilibrium between synthesis and degregation of heavier RNA, indicating inhibition of its degradation, are observed.
Some effects of grafting on the abscission of leaves of early and late shedding plants of Corchorus olitorius L.
Authors: Chatterjee Samir
Published: April 2015

In the present study early leaf shedding mutant plants of Corchorus olitorius L. were grafted with the mother plants and the analyses of abscission behaviour of the leaves of ungrafted and grafted plants were followed to observe the possibility of abscission regulating factor(s) to be transmitted through grafts. In grafted plants the leaves of scion mother plants with mutant root-stock showed earlier abscission tendencies and delayed abscission tendencies of the leaves of scion mutant plants with mother root-stock were observed as compared to the leaves of ungrafted mother plants and ungrafted mutant plants respectively and this was more pronounced during reproductive phase. Laminar tissues of ungrafted mother plants showed greater amount of total nitrogen and IAA-like compounds compared to the leaves of mutant plants. In grafted plants the leaves of mother scion with mutant root-stock showed decreased amount of total nitrogen and IAA-like compounds and the leaves of mutant scion with mother root-stock showed increased amount of total nitrogen and IAA-like compounds as compared to that of ungrafted mother plants and mutant plants respectively. Free amino acids content decreased in the leaves of mutant scion and increased in the leaves of mother scion compared to that of ungrafted mutant and. mother plants respectively and this was more marked during reproductive phase.
Ammonium and potassium effect on nitrate assimilation in cucumber seedlings
Authors: Buczek J.
Published: April 2015

The effect of ammonium present in the induction medium toghether with nitrate on the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH) and absorption and accumulation of NO3- in cucumber seedlings were investigated. Maximum NR and NiR activity in the cotyledons was observed when seedlings were supplied with KNO3 as the sole source of nitrogen. When plants were supplied with NH4NO3 the presence of NH4+ in the induction medium repressed by about 50 per cent the activity of both reductases in the cotyledons. Addition of K+ to this medium abolished completely the inhibitory effect of NH4+. The effect of K+ cannot be replaced by that Na+ ions. On the other hand, ammonium has no effect on the level of NR activity in roots, while NiR was almost completely repressed. Under the experimental conditions ammonium, in the presence of nitrates, decreased the activity of GDH, but this diminution did not occur when the plants were supplied with K+ simultaneously. It has found that NH4+ ions reduced NO3- absorption but at the same time, the ratio of NO3- absorbed to that reduced was increased more than twice. The presumable mechanism of these phenomena is discussed.
Inheritance of changes conditioned by the leaf-reducing gene in Swedish clover (Tnfolium hybridum L.)
Authors: Kazimierski T. , Kazimierska E. M.
Published: April 2015

A description of a new mutant of Trifolium hybridum with reduced leaf blades is given. The mutants are female sterile due to deficient ovary development. The genetic analysis showed that morphological changes and lowered fertility are caused by one recessive allele of the gene called reductivus. Male infertility in B1 plants depends also on one recessive gene, but located on a different chromosome than is the reductivus gene.
The effect of inductive photoperiod on flower formation and phytohormones level in a long day plant Hyoscyamus niger L.
Authors: Kopcewicz J. , Centkowska G. , Kriesel K. , Yatorska Y.
Published: April 2015

The anatomical and hormonal investigations on a long day plant Hyoscyamus niger L. during the time of the generative photoinduction have been conducted. The plants were grown during 75 days on a short photoperiod and then they were transferred to long day conditions. The earliest anatomical symptoms of flower initiation were noticed after four long photoperiods. The inductive photoperiod causes also a general increase in the amounts of phytohormones. During the flower evocation the intensive accumulation of cytokinins and gibberellins in leaves takes place. The post-inductive period, in which the development of flower elements happens, is characterized by changing amount of phytohormones. The content of hormonal substances is subjected to the rhytmical changes related to the periods of light and darknees in the twenty four hours' cycle.
About the cause of the stimulative effect of humate in yeast cultures
Authors: Gumiński S. , Sulej J.
Published: April 2015

Trials were undertaken to elucidate the stimulating effect of sodium humate on yeast multiplication and the intensity of their fermentation. This effect appears specifically at pH non-optimal for the medium. No correlation was found between this effect and the complex-forming properties of various natural and synthetic humate fractions or the concentration of phosphate and calcium ions in the medium. Application of cystein as reducing agent, aeration of the medium and addition of detergents to it did not substitute the effect of humate. Tannin and gibberellin, on the other hand, stimulated cell proliferation and fermentation at non-optimal pH, remaining almost without influence at optimal pH, similarly as does humate.
Electrical properties of Lupinus angustifolius L. stem. III. RC model, time constant, latency and threshold charge
Authors: Zawadzki Tadeusz
Published: April 2015

The changes of potential in the stem of Lupinus were characterized on the basis of the strength-duration relation and of electrotonic potentials. It was found that the stimulated stem behaves like an electrical RC circuit. The time constants of electrotonic potential rise and decay were determined. A simple electrical model characterizing the passive electrical properties of the Lupinus stem is suggested. The values of resistance and capacitance of the Lupinus stem were determined on the basis of the RC circuit. The resistance-capacitance properties of the stem tissues serve as basis to gain a better knowledge of the parametres describing excitation, such as the strength-duration relation or latency. These properties in the stem of Lupinus are of the same nature as those in nerves or muscles. The values of the threshold charge of the order of 10-6 C were calculated. It is suggested that the regularities occurring here may be connected with accommodation and processes regulating the resting potential of cells.
Timeliness and Accuracy of Reporting Preliminary Blood Culture Results: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 65 Institutions
Authors: Schifman Ron B. , Meier Frederick A. , Souers Rhona J.
Published: April 2015

Context

The speed and accuracy of preliminary blood culture reports impacts patient management and outcomes.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of preliminary blood culture results among multiple laboratories.

Design

Q-Probes participants collected turnaround time (TAT) data on preliminary Gram stains, compared accuracy of up to 100 preliminary to final culture Gram stain results, and described blood culture laboratory practices.

Results

Sixty-four laboratories and 5031 blood cultures were evaluated. All participants used continuously monitoring blood culture systems. Median TAT from initial growth detection to notification of results was 45 minutes, with the longest component being preparation of Gram stains (median time = 25 minutes). Participants (N = 40) reporting a continuous schedule for processing blood cultures had significantly lower overall TAT (medianm= 37 minutes) compared with 15 participants with intermittent processing schedules (medianm= 124 minutes),mPm= .003. Time to complete Gram stain processing was lower (median time = 21 minutes) for 39 participants using continuous processing schedule compared with 14 others (median timem= 67 minutes),mPm= .03. Goals for total TAT were used by 27 of 56 participants (48.2%). Having goals did not significantly affect TAT. A total of 4962 of 5021 Gram stain results (98.8%) agreed with final culture results. The highest discrepancy rates occurred among gram-positive bacilli (20 of 335; 6.0%) and mixed cultures (22 of 106; 20.8%).

Conclusions

This study provides benchmarks for assessing blood culture quality performance. Timeliness and accuracy of preliminary blood culture reports were excellent. However, nearly one-third of laboratories did not process blood cultures continuously. This significantly prolonged reporting results, which could affect patient outcomes.
La cuestión del conocimiento: de la mente religiosa y meditativa en Krishnamurti a la mente científica en Bohm
Authors: García Armengol Juan
Published: April 2015

Para Krishnamurti y Bohm era esencial investigar profundamente en la raíz del conflicto existente en el ser humano.  El conocimiento de uno mismo es esencial, pero mediante una forma diferente de aprender, cuestionando la adecuación del conocimiento acumulado y del pensamiento, que son un impedimento para la creatividad, para entender lo nuevo. La inteligencia o el estado de creatividad de la mente adviene únicamente cuando el yo, que es originado por el conocimiento acumulado y la actividad del pensamiento, ha cesado. La mente religiosa y la meditación para Krishnamurti son esenciales en la vida para descubrir el proceso total de la existencia, porque esta comprensión profunda, que es un movimiento del amor, es la verdadera meditación. La mente científica de Bohm entiende la realidad y la conciencia como un todo coherente, un <> en un proceso interminable de movimiento y despliegue.
El problema del cuarto cuerpo
Authors: De la Higuera Espín Francisco Javier
Published: April 2015

A partir de la ensoñación de Paul Valéry acerca del “problema de los tres cuerpos”, en que se fantasea con la idea de un “cuarto cuerpo”, misteriosa encarnación de una entidad inexistente, el presente artículo investiga cuál puede ser la naturaleza de ese “cuarto cuerpo”. Para ello, se analiza la dimensión histórica del cuerpo a partir de algunas ideas de M. de Certeau, estudiando desde ese punto de vista la analogía entre el cuerpo y la lengua, y reflexionando sobre el estatus ontológico de esa historicidad corporal con referencia a M. Foucault y J.-L. Nancy, principalmente.
El origen de las crisis en la dinámica interna del capitalismo
Authors: Ruiz Sanjuán César
Published: April 2015

Análisis de las crisis en el sistema capitalista a partir de la confrontación entre la concepcion del liberalismo económico, que atribuya las crisis a factores externos al funcionamiento del capitalismo, y la concepción marxiana, que sostiene que las crisis se derivan del propio proceso de producción capitalista. Se delimita asimismo esta concepción de la teoría del derrumbe del sistema capitalista.
La eternidad del mundo en Boecio de Dacia y en Santo Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Forment Edualdo
Published: April 2015

En la cristiandad medieval, a pesar del dogma del comienzo temporal del mundo, confirmado por la tradición patrística, se discutió si es concebible un mundo eterno. Boecio de Dacia, en su Tratado de la eternidad del mundo, afirmaba que la Filosofía de la Naturaleza debe rechazar que el mundo tuviera un comienzo temporal, y sustentar que la creación no es posible, aunque lo contrario de las dos tesis debe mantenerse por la fe. En la Facultad de Teología de la Universidad de París, en cambio, se enseñaba que no es posible que el mundo haya sido creado desde la eternidad, porque racionalmente se prueba que es temporal, tal como se lee en la Biblia.
Eternidad del mundo, voluntarismo teológico y progreso histórico en el Methodus Jean Bodin
Authors: Bayod Brau Jordi
Published: April 2015

El propósito inicial de este artículo era examinar la cuestión de la eternidad del mundo en la Methodus de Jean Bodin. Este problema nos ha llevado inevitablemente a prestar atención a uno de los rasgos más característicos del pensamiento del autor angevino: su radical «absolutismo teológico». La Methodus es también, por otra parte, la obra donde Bodin despliega una de las primeras afirmaciones modernas de la idea de progreso. Nos hemos propuesto, para finalizar, arrojar alguna luz sobre el sentido que tal idea posee en Bodin y su relación con la preeminencia de la libertad divina.
Tommaso Campanella e l'eternità del mondo
Authors: Chiaradonna Riccardo
Published: April 2015

Il presente studio prende in esame la discussione dell’eternità del mondo in Tommaso Campanella dalla Philosophia sensibus demonstrata, pubblicata nel 1591 a difesa di Telesio contro le critiche dell’aristotelico Giacomo Antonio Marta, alla Metaphysica, scritta da Campanella in varie redazioni e finalmente pubblicata a Parigi nel 1638. La posizione di Campanella presenta alcuni notevoli aspetti costanti lungo tutto il corso della sua attività, in particolare la critica dell’eternalismo aristotelico e il legame con la tradizione platonico-ficiniana della prisca theologia. A questo impianto, le cui origini devono ricondursi alla tradizione antica di dibattiti su Platone e Aristotele proseguita fino al XV secolo, si aggiunge, nelle opere più mature, il richiamo alla nuova astronomia che, come sottolinea Campanella, scardina definitivamente il quadro della cosmologia aristotelica. D’altra parte, l’Apologia pro Galileo (1616) dimostra che Campanella cercò di inserire la stessa astronomia di Galileo nel quadro della prisca theologia.
El bosque como templo de la filosofía: Henry David Thoreau y los enemigos de la ciudad
Authors: Beruete Valencia Santiago
Published: April 2015

Este artículo intenta analizar la impronta que H. D. Thoreau, figura icónica por excelencia del antiurbanismo, ha dejado en F. L. Olmsted, padre del paisajismo norteamericano y creador del Central Park, en el arquitecto de Estados Unidos probablemente más influyente de todos los tiempos, F. L. Wright, y en los miembros de uno de los últimos y más activos movimientos artísticos, el Land Art, muy especialmente en R. Long y H. Fulton. Hemos acuñado la expresión síndrome de Thoreau para designar ese arrebato que llevó a algunos de los más distinguidos pensadores y creadores anglosajones a argumentar que las urbes se habían tornado indeseables y, en aras de una vida más auténtica, a seguir la irrefrenable llamada de la naturaleza salvaje.
Lo avistado por Merleau-Ponty de la mano de Husserl: mundo, percepción y carne
Authors: Ramos González José Antonio
Published: April 2015

Este artículo pretende mostrar elcontraste entre las filosofías de Husserl y de Merleau-Ponty a la vista de laexperiencia de la mano tocante-tocada descrita en Ideas II. Frente al privilegio concedido al tacto en la constitucióndel cuerpo propio, la valoración del movimiento permitirá a Merleau-Pontypensar una reversibilidad entre el tocar y el ver (entre lo tangible y lovisible) decisiva para elaborar la noción de Carne. En la medida en que lafenomenología alcanza su límite en la experiencia del tocar, esta será crucialpara establecer las diferencias entre ambos filósofos respecto de aquellascuestiones decisivas en el pensamiento fenomenológico: mundo, percepción ycarne.
Ontología de la precariedad en Judith Butler. Repensar la vida en común
Authors: L. Gil Silvia
Published: April 2015

Resumen: La precariedad desvela al ser en su inacabamiento e incompletud. Judith Butler muestra la imposibilidad de ser uno a través de la noción hegeliana de sujeto extático. El sujeto así definido se encuentra arrojado a un Otro −el lenguaje, las normas sociales, la mirada externa−, lo que conlleva un estado de vulnerabilidad: dependo de lo que no soy para ser. Sin embargo, la vulnerabilidad constitutiva, lejos de suponer un déficit, puede traducirse en fortaleza, sin obviar los límites que la definen, en la medida en que cuestiona las ilusiones modernas de autosuficiencia y permite descubrir e inventar la vida en común. Asimismo lejos de constituir el final de la ética, compromete de manera radical a los individuos con el mundo que habitan.
La función de seguridad en la legalidad constitucional
Authors: Pace Alessandro
Published: April 2015

RESUMENEl presente artículo reflexiona acerca de las nuevas dimensiones en el planteamiento de la seguridad pública por el terrorismo y el extremismo. Desde esta perspectiva, el autor critica en primer término la tendencia a utilizar de modo impropio y confuso el término “derecho a la seguridad” por cuanto la seguridad es el contenido de una función del Estado que no se resuelve en un derecho individual; en segundo lugar, el autor confirma su tesis, ya sostenida hace más de cincuenta años, según la cual, de un lado seguridad pública y orden público son las dos caras de la misma moneda y, de otro lado, el concepto de orden público asume un significado diverso según el contexto político-institucional: “orden material” en los ordenamientos democráticos, el cual puede quedar lesionado sólo por comportamientos violentos o por hechos naturales (terremotos, inundaciones, etc.); “orden ideal” en los ordenamientos autoritarios en los que el orden público puede quedar dañado asimismo por comportamientos pacíficos como una manifestación pública del pensamiento; y finalmente aborda la extensión de los límites impuestos a la función de seguridad en la legalidad constitucional.ABSTRACTThe essay underlines that, even in the light of the current global challenges  set out by terrorism and extremism, public safety is not a per se individual right but only the aim of a public function of the State. In this sense, the author holds that public order has a different meaning if taken into account in a democratic government or in a totalitarian one: in the first one, public order depicts a situation of “material” peace (the absence of disorder caused by human or natural events); in the latter, public order depicts the absence of “ideal” disorder caused even by pacific behaviours. He finally focuses on the extent of the limits to the public function of the State in this specific field both in general and in relation to the single constitutional rights.
La reducción de parlamentarios y la modificación del rég. retributivo de los miembros de las Asambleas de las CC.AA.
Authors: Aranda Álvarez Elviro
Published: April 2015

RESUMEN: ¿La reducción de los miembros de las cámaras parlamentarias y la supresión de los sueldos de los diputados son decisiones que solo incidirán en la disminución del gasto público o, por el contrario, pueden tener otros efectos?. Como veremos en este trabajo, la reducción de diputados afecta a dos temas de gran enjundia constitucional: el sistema electoral vigente en cada uno de los territorios que gozan de autonomía y las condiciones para la organización y funcionamiento de las respectivas cámaras. La supresión de los sueldos, tiene que ver con las condiciones adecuadas para poder desempeñar la labor de representación y el establecimiento de un sistema compensatorio por la actividad parlamentaria claro y transparente que evite conflictos de intereses y situaciones de tráfico de influencias. Además, ambos, son piezas centrales para el buen funcionamiento de la institución parlamentaria y, a la larga puede terminar afectando al funcionamiento del modelo territorial, en el sentido de seguir en una línea federalista o volver a un modelo de Estado territorialmente asimétrico donde unos territorios cuentan con una fuerte autonomía política y otros con poco más que una pura desconcentración administrativa.ABSTRACT: Are the decisions on reducing number of MPs and the elimination of MP salaries issues that only have bearing on reducing public spending? Or on the contrary, can they have other effects? As we shall examine in this paper, the reduction in number of deputies has a bearing on two issues of constitutional weight: the electoral system in force in each of the territories that enjoy autonomy and the conditions for the organisation and functioning of respective chambers. The question of elimination of salaries is related to both adequate conditions for being able to carrying out representation and the establishment of a compensation system for parliamentary work that is transparent and prevents conflicts of interest and influence peddling. Furthermore, both issues are pivotal for the correct functioning of the parliamentary institution and in the long term can end up effecting the functioning of the territorial model, in the sense of either following a federalist line or returning to a model of a territorially asymmetrical Sate where certain territories enjoy strong political autonomy and others, little more than administrative decentralisation.
En torno a la crisis del Derecho
Authors: Pamparacuatro Martín Javier
Published: April 2015

Resumen:El presente artículo se propone revisar el problema clásico de la decadencia de la ley. Lleva a cabo un examen de la crisis en el ámbito del derecho a lo largo de una serie de notas fenomenológicas que son, en definitiva, algunos de los distintos modos de deterioro de la ley en el plano formal y material. Asimismo, el trabajo contempla aquellos aspectos de la cuestión que se hallan relacionados con la noción concomitante de anomia.Abstract:The present paper aims to re-examine the classic issue of the decline of law. The article looks into the crisis in the domain of law through the study of a series of phenomenological features which turn out to be some of the various ways law deteriorates both materially and formally. It also reflects upon those aspects of the  problem connected with the concomitant notion of anomie.
Revocación popular y restricción para el legislador en Italia: la prohibición de restauración se aplica hasta que se produzca un "cambio del marco político" o "circunstancias de hecho"
Authors: Ferri Giampietro
Published: April 2015

RESUMENEste trabajo analiza la jurisprudencia constitucional italiana sobre los efectos de la revocación popular de una ley. La Corte Costituzionale italiana intenta conciliar la exigencia de garantizar el libre ejercicio de la función legislativa con aquella de tutelar la voluntad popular que se ha expresado mediante el referéndum derogatorioABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the Italian constitutional jurisprudence on the effects of popular revocation of a law. The Italian Constitutional Court attempts to reconcile the need to guarantee the free exercise of the legislative function with that of protecting the people's will has been expressed by the derogatory referendum.
Protección de refugiados y otras personas vulnerables en la Carta Social Europea
Authors: Jimena Quesada Luis
Published: April 2015

Resumen:El presente artículo sostiene la necesidad prestar atención a instrumentos jurídicos europeos infrautilizados, en particular la Carta Social Europea y el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales, con objeto de mejorar las garantías de los derechos de los refugiados y otras personas vulnerables necesitadas de protección. Desde este punto de vista, el autor postula que una potencial justiciabilidad, sin real efectividad, carece de sentido. De modo similar, el discurso sobre la indivisibilidad de los derechos humanos queda vacío si no se toma en consideración la indivisibilidad de sus garantías. En este sentido, el trabajo ilustra el estadio actual de los refugiados y otras personas vulnerables en el ámbito de la Carta Social Europea suministrando ejemplos de impacto práctico de decisiones adoptadas por el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales a través de los recientes desarrollos de su innovadora actividad (procedimientos de urgencia, amicus curiae, medidas inmediatas) y su jurisprudencia en el marco del mecanismo judicial de reclamaciones colectivas. Finalmente, se someten a análisis crítico los principales desafíos para la Carta Social Europea en relación con la interpretación y aplicación de los estándares jurídicos de protección a favor de los refugiados y otras personas vulnerables defendiendo la idea de reforzar las sinergias positivas entre los niveles constitucional e internacional de garantía.Abstract:The article argues the need to focus on underexploited European legal instruments, in particular the European Social Charter (ESC) and the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR), in order to better guarantee the rights of refugees and other vulnerable persons in need of protection. From this point of view, the author suggests that potential justiciability, without real effectiveness, is meaningless. Similarly, the discourse on indivisibility of human rights is empty without taking into account the indivisibility of their guarantees. In this sense, the essay illustrates the current status of refugees and other vulnerable people under the ESC providing examples of the practical impact of the decisions adopted by the ECSR through recent developments of its innovative activity (urgent procedures, third-party interventions, immediate measures) and its case law in the framework of the judicial collective complaint mechanism. Finally, the main challenges for the ESC in relation to interpretation and enforcement of legal standards in favour of refugees and other vulnerable persons are submitted to critical scrutiny under the idea of strengthening positive synergies between constitutional and international levels of guarantee.
Etiology, Composition, Development and Maintenance of Misophonia: A Conditioned Aversive Reflex Disorder
Authors: Dozier Thomas H.
Published: April 2015

Misophonia is a recently identified condition in which an individual has an acute reaction of hatred or disgust to a specific commonly occurring sound. We propose that misophonia is a form of conditioned behavior that develops as a physical reflex through Pavlovian conditioning. Although misophonia is generally considered to be a one-step reaction, in which the sound elicits rage or disgust, as well as typical autonomic responses associated with these emotions, we propose that misophonia is a two-step reaction, in which the sound elicits an aversive conditioned physical reflex, and the aversive conditioned physical reflex elicits hatred or disgust. We also propose that the emotional response to trigger stimuli creates a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm that maintains or strengthens the misophonic physical reflex. Finally, we propose that new misophonic trigger stimuli are developed through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a misophonic trigger stimulus. We suggest that a better name for misophonia is Conditioned Aversive Reflex Disorder (CARD) since it focuses attention on the reflexive nature of this condition and incorporates multiple stimuli modalities. A counterconditioning treatment for misophonia is presented with brief case descriptions which demonstrate the conditioned reflex nature of this disorder.
Feenberg e a filosofia da tecnologia norte-americana: o empirical turn
Authors: Domingues Ivan
Published: April 2015

Pretende-se abordar a proposta feenbergeriana da transformação da tecnologia, ao procurar um caminho que se distanciasse igualmente (a) da abordagem heideggeriana, que toma a tecnologia como Gestell (Framing = enquadramento), a natureza como reserva à disposição (Standing reserve) e a civilização tecnológica como destino, aprisionando a humanidade no imenso sistema que ela mesma criou; (b) da abordagem da filosofia analítica, que toma a tecnologia como aplicação da ciência e pensa a filosofia da tecnologia na extensão da filosofia da ciência, tomando-a como conhecimento prático (know-how) e procurando circunscrever o silogismo prático (regra de ação) que estabelece o liame entre o conhecimento, o artefato e a ação; e (c) da abordagem marxista tradicional, que toma a tecnologia como força produtiva e pensa a filosofia da tecnologia na extensão da economia, portanto como algo neutro, seja como máquina, seja como ferramenta (= instrumento). Em seu percurso intelectual, Feenberg buscou na Teoria Crítica os elementos para repensar a natureza da tecnologia, encontrando-os nas categorias de práxis, totalidade, razão instrumental, dialética etc.; não sem, ao mesmo tempo, introduzir um tour de force para se livrar do pessimismo atávico de Adorno e do otimismo romântico de Marcuse. Em seguida, sem abandonar a herança frankfurtiana, ele se alinhou à perspectiva do empirical turn, que caracteriza um importante segmento da filosofia da tecnologia norte-americana atual, bem como os chamados Social Studies of Science, aos quais se acrescenta a Tecnologia, tendo o construtivismo social e a escola francesa (Bruno Latour) como principais interlocutores. O foco deste artigo é o empirical turn, marcado pela busca de apoio empírico nas considerações filosóficas acerca dos sistemas sócio-técnicos (estudos de casos etc.), além do desafio de não deixar a filosofia da tecnologia se servilizar pela sociologia/antropologia das tecnociências.
Com Feenberg: (re)pensar a técnica visando a uma possível regulação
Authors: Godoy Fonseca Lilian Simone
Published: April 2015

O texto concentra-se em parte do livro Questioning Technology (1999), especialmente o capítulo “Os limites da racionalidade técnica”, no qual Andrew Feenberg aborda temas como: Planos e códigos técnicos, Progresso e racionalidade, O modelo de arbitragem (trade-off), Regulação Técnica. Todos eles extremamente relevantes para a pesquisa desenvolvida pelo Núcleo de Estudos do Pensamento Contemporâneo da UFMG (NEPC), no Brasil, desde 2009, em torno da aplicação das novas biotecnologias, especialmente aquelas voltadas para os seres humanos não só para fins terapêuticos, mas para o objetivo de um suposto melhoramento. O texto tem como ponto de partida o pensamento de Feenberg para levantar uma série de questões centrais para o avanço da reflexão e debate sobre este incontornável problema, a maioria das quais o autor respondeu no Colóquio sobre a Filosofia da Tecnologia de Andrew Feenberg: democracia, racionalidade e invenção ou posteriormente via e-mail.
Teoria crítica da biotecnologia e clonagem
Authors: Bonella Alcino Eduardo
Published: April 2015

Neste artigo, depois de se definir brevemente a ética crítica, toma-se a biotecnologia da clonagem humana como problema ético, e como o problema seria tratado à luz da teoria crítica da tecnologia de Feenberg. Por fim enfrentam-se as objeções à clonagem humana reprodutiva, e examina-se criticamente uma (hipotética) posição contrária, vinculada à teoria crítica da tecnologia.
SIGNIFICADOS PRODUZIDOS POR PROFESSORES E ALUNOS ENVOLVIDOS NO PROGRAMA SALAS DE APOIO À APRENDIZAGEM NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Neves de Oliveira Francismara , Toscano Carlos
Published: April 2015

Este artigo analisa as significações de ensinar e de aprender produzidas por professores e alunos de salas de apoio à aprendizagem em duas escolas estaduais em Londrina (PR). De caráter qualitativo, adotando a modalidade descritiva-interpretativa, a pesquisa apoiou-se nos estudos de Ezpeleta e Rockwell (1986), Moysés e Collares (1992), Lahire (1997) e Aquino (1997, 1998), com o objetivo de compreender o trabalho desenvolvido nesses espaços de atuação. As perguntas de pesquisa foram: quais as significações de alunos e professores a respeito do aprender e das dificuldades de aprender? Como a sala de apoio à aprendizagem é significada? Que significações estão presentes nos documentos norteadores do programa Salas de Apoio à Aprendizagem? Para sua realização, adotamos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, observação e entrevista. Dentre os resultados obtidos destacamos: 1) a existência do programa Salas de Apoio à Aprendizagem sinaliza o reconhecimento do problema do não aprender como algo sistêmico, entretanto, suas ações são concentradas na oferta de salas de apoio somente para as disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, cujas aulas são, via de regra, percebidas pelos alunos como idênticas às que tiveram na sala regular e não compreenderam; 2) a busca de certa culpabilização dos sujeitos pelo não aprender é muito presente e, a depender do lugar ocupado nas relações, a culpa pode recair sobre o professor, sobre o aluno e/ou sobre sua família.
Avaliação da Educação Superior: limites e possibilidades do Núcleo Docente Estruturante
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa , Filipak Sirley Filipak
Published: April 2015

O artigo se insere nas políticas públicas relativas à avaliação da educação superior e sua relação com a qualidade da gestão, em especial no que se refere ao Núcleo Docente Estruturante (NDE), implantado pela Resolução n. 1/2010 — CONAES, o qual possui atribuições acadêmicas de acompanhamento do projeto pedagógico do curso no processo de sua concepção, consolidação e atualização. O objetivo da pesquisa é discutir a percepção dos integrantes do NDE de cursos ofertados por uma universidade privada a respeito dessa relação. Como objetivos específicos, são discutidos e analisados: a) os fundamentos políticos que culminaram com a obrigatoriedade da criação do NDE em todos os cursos de graduação; b) a percepção dos membros do NDE dos cursos pesquisados a respeito da exigência de sua implantação, da atuação do NDE do qual participa e de limites e possibilidades evidenciados; e c) a relação entre a atuação do NDE e a coordenação do curso. O estudo está fundamentado em documentos que tratam das políticas de gestão e avaliação institucional na educação superior no Brasil. Buscou-se apoio teórico nos trabalhos de Costa (2005), Gutierrez e Catani (2011) e Lück (2011), entre outros. De abordagem qualitativa, a análise dos dados coletados por meio de questionários subsidiou-se nas orientações de Bogdan e Biklen (1994) e André (2006). Os resultados apontaram para a relevância da atuação do NDE, como responsável pelo acompanhamento no processo de concepção, consolidação e contínua atualização do projeto pedagógico de curso, com vistas à melhoria de sua qualidade.
Um mundo secularizado que desafia a catequese
Authors: Carmo Solange Maria do
Published: April 2015

Neste mundo marcado pela secularização, a catequese é desafiada a continuar seu trabalho de transmissão da fé, como ordenou Jesus: “Ide pelo mundo inteiro e anunciai a boa-nova a toda criatura” (Mc16,15). A ordem de Jesus continua sempre atual, e a Igreja percebe cada vez mais a importância de investir forças em sua ação evangelizadora. Para que a transmissão da boa-nova seja fecunda, catequetas e catequistas não podem se eximir de uma avaliação sincera do ato catequético, procurando atentar para sua pertinência pastoral e sua viabilidade nos novos moldes da sociedade, chamada neste artigo de pós-moderna ou pós-cristã.
‘What You Gain Should Be Some Ability to Take the Standpoint of the Other’: An Interview with LSE Director Craig Calhoun
Authors: Calhoun Craig , Hess Andreas
Published: April 2015

In this interview Craig Calhoun discusses the complex relationship between sociology, national traditions and cultural peculiarities. Calhoun points to the tensions and potential contradictions that arise when sociological concepts that were coined at a specific time and refer to a specific place are applied to different conditions and contexts. Other problems come to mind: the dominance of the English-speaking world in academia, issues of cultural domination, even imperialism. The interview closes with suggestions as to how these issues can be addressed practically and the role that a more reflective world sociology can play in solving some of these questions.
Automatic discovery of cell types and microcircuitry from neural connectomics
Authors: Jonas Eric , Kording Konrad
Published: April 2015

Neural connectomics has begun producing massive amounts of data, necessitating new analysis methods to discover the biological and computational structure. It has long been assumed that discovering neuron types and their relation to microcircuitry is crucial to understanding neural function. Here we developed a non-parametric Bayesian technique that identifies neuron types and microcircuitry patterns in connectomics data. It combines the information traditionally used by biologists in a principled and probabilistically coherent manner, including connectivity, cell body location, and the spatial distribution of synapses. We show that the approach recovers known neuron types in the retina and enables predictions of connectivity, better than simpler algorithms. It also can reveal interesting structure in the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans and an old man-made microprocessor. Our approach extracts structural meaning from connectomics, enabling new approaches of automatically deriving anatomical insights from these emerging datasets.
Ultracapacitors in Hybrid and Plug‐in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Burke Andrew
Published: April 2015

This chapter is concerned with the characteristics of carbon/carbon (double‐layer) and hybrid ultracapacitors (electrochemical capacitors,ECCs) and the application of these devices in micro‐hybrid and charge sustaining hybrid and plug‐in hybrid vehicles. The carbon/carbon devices have energy densities up to 6.9 Wh/kg, 10 Wh/L, and power capabilities up to 8.8 kW/kg for a 95% efficient pulse, and the hybrid capacitors have energy densities up to 30 Wh/kg and power densities up to 3.5 kW/kg.

Simulation result for midsize passenger cars using the ultracapacitors in micro‐hybrid and charge sustaining hybrid (HEV) powertrain designs were performed. The results for the micro‐hybrids indicate that significant improvements (10–25%) in fuel economy can be achieved using a small electric motor (4 kW) and small ultracapacitor units (5–10 kg of cells). The simulation results for charge sustaining hybrids indicate fuel economy improvements ranging from 72% on theFUDSto 22% on theUS06driving cycles. The prime advantage of the high power electric driveline and the larger energy storage possible with the hybrid ultracapacitors is that the larger fuel economy improvements can be sustained over a wide range of driving conditions. The hybrid ultracapacitor technologies give the vehicle designer more latitude in powertrain design and in the selection of the control strategies for on/off operation of the engine.
Automotive Environmental Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Cheah Lynette W.
Published: April 2015

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic accounting method to evaluate the environmental impact of products from “cradle to grave” and can be applied to automobiles. It considers the material and energy inputs as well as waste and emission outputs over the automobile's complete life cycle, from raw material extraction, vehicle manufacturing, operation, and eventual end‐of‐life treatment. The four general steps in carrying out anLCAare: (i) goal and scope definition, (ii) life cycle inventory data collection, (iii) impact assessment, and (iv) interpretation of results. UsingLCA, it has been found that for a conventional gasoline automobile with an internal combustion engine, its long operation or use phase dominates its life cycle impact. Around 70% of an average US car's life cycle greenhouse gas emissions are estimated to arise while it is being driven. Targeting ways to improve the automobile's fuel efficiency is therefore useful in reducing its overall environmental impact.