bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Evaluation of Renal Function in Patients with Acquired Solitary Kidney—Urological Perspectives Post-Nephrectomy
Authors: Ivănuță Marius , Puia Dragoș , Cimpoeșu Diana Carmen , Ivănuță Ana-Maria , Bîcă Ovidiu Daniel , Pricop Cătălin
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health challenge, affecting approximately 10% of the population. Patients with an acquired solitary kidney (ASK) from nephrectomy face elevated risks for CKD progression because of the increased functional demand on the remaining kidney. This study aims to identify risk factors for CKD progression in patients with a surgical ASK, highlighting the challenges faced by this population. Methods: This study retrospectively examined factors associated with renal function decline in 115 ASK patients who underwent nephrectomy for various pathologies, including renal tumours, urothelial tumours, and trauma. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 1, 12, 24, and 36 months post-nephrectomy, examining glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other renal function markers. Preoperative and postoperative data were analysed, with creatinine and eGFR measurements taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at all follow-up intervals. Results: The results of this study, which revealed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and preoperative kidney stones in the remaining kidney were significantly associated with accelerated CKD progression, with odds ratios of 2.7, 3.5, and 3.2, respectively, underscore the need for further research in this area. Although dyslipidaemia was observed in most patients (60%), its association with CKD risk did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Our study highlights the critical need for ongoing urological assessment and tailored management strategies for patients with a solitary kidney following nephrectomy. By identifying key risk factors associated with renal function decline, we emphasise the importance of proactive monitoring and intervention to enhance long-term outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Correction: Rapelli et al. Recognizing and Appreciating the Partner’s Support Protects Relationship Satisfaction during Cardiac Illness. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1180
Authors: Rapelli Giada , Donato Silvia , Giusti Emanuele Maria , Pietrabissa Giada , Parise Miriam , Pagani Ariela Francesca , Spatola Chiara A. M. , Bertoni Anna , Castelnuovo Gianluca
Published: December 2024

In the published publication [...]
Evaluating the Effect of Climate on Viral Respiratory Diseases Among Children Using AI
Authors: Krivonosov Mikhail I. , Pazukhina Ekaterina , Zaikin Alexey , Viozzi Francesca , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Manca Lavinia , Caci Annamaria , Santangelo Rosaria , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Raffaelli Francesca , Fiori Barbara , Zampino Giuseppe , Valentini Piero , Munblit Daniel , Blyuss Oleg , Buonsenso Danilo
Published: December 2024

Background: Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) exhibit seasonal patterns influenced by biological, ecological, and climatic factors. Weather variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind impact the transmission of droplet-borne viruses, potentially affecting disease severity. However, the role of climate in predicting complications in pediatric RVIs remains unclear, particularly in the context of climate-change-driven extreme weather events. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1610 hospitalization records of children (0–18 years) with lower respiratory tract infections in Rome, Italy, between 2018 and 2023. Viral pathogens were identified using nasopharyngeal molecular testing, and weather data from the week preceding hospitalization were collected. Several machine learning models were tested, including logistic regression and random forest, comparing the baseline (demographic and clinical) models with those including climate variables. Results: Logistic regression showed a slight improvement in predicting severe RVIs with the inclusion of weather variables, with accuracy increasing from 0.785 to 0.793. Average temperature, dew point, and humidity emerged as significant contributors. Other algorithms did not demonstrate similar improvements. Conclusions: Climate variables can enhance logistic regression models’ ability to predict RVI severity, but their inconsistent impact across algorithms highlights challenges in integrating environmental data into clinical predictions. Further research is needed to refine these models for use in reliable healthcare applications.
Short- and Mid-Term Results Using a 448 Kilohertz Radiofrequency Stimulation on the Elasticity Plantar Fascia Measured by Quantitative Ultrasound Elastography on Active Healthy Subjects: An Open Controlled Clinical Trial with Three Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Aguilar-Núñez Daniel , González-Muñoz Ana , Navarro Ledesma Santiago
Published: December 2024

Background: This study is an open clinical trial that included 3 months of follow-up. Methods: This study aimed to show the changes that occur in the viscoelastic properties of the PF measured by SEL after the six applications of a 448 kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMR) in active, healthy subjects, immediately before the CRMR intervention (T0), during the two-week CRMR intervention program (T1), after the CRMR intervention program (T2), two weeks after the CRMR intervention program (T3), one month after the CRMR intervention program (T4), and three months after the CRMR intervention program (T5). Results: Our results showed that the effects of CRMR on the plantar fascia elasticity may last up to one month in a healthy population after a 3-week treatment program when compared to controls, specifically following the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity (points 1 and 2). However, there were no changes when analyzing points 3 and 4. These findings are a first step towards understanding the duration of the CRMR effects in the elastic properties of the tissue and therefore how long the benefit may last. Conclusions: This study showed that changes in the plantar fascia elasticity measured by SEL have been found after a CRMR intervention protocol, similarly to other structures reported in the literature, such as the patellar tendon or supraspinatus tendon.
Prolonged Taping with Exercise Therapy for Patellofemoral Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis
Authors: Than Christian A. , Adra Maamoun , Curtis Tom J. , Khair Yasmine J. , Milchem Hugh , Lee Sum-Yu C. , Şanli Goktug , Smayra Karen , Nakanishi Hayato , Dannawi Zaher , Beck Belinda R.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effects of prolonged taping on patellofemoral pain (PFP). Methods: A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE (Elsevier), CiNAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to 28 June 2024. Eligible studies reported PFP patients over 18 years of age undergoing an exercise protocol with additional taping that was maintained outside of exercise sessions (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023422792). Results: Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria with 348 patients (n = 221 Kinesio taping, McConnell taping n = 127). For pain, the Kinesio baseline scores were 5.73 (95% CI: 4.73–6.73, I2= 97%), and the McConnell scores were 5.05 (95% CI: 3.82–6.28, I2 = 95%). At the combined recent follow-up, the Kinesio scores were 2.14 (95% CI: 1.11–3.18, I2 = 98%), and the McConnell scores were 2.58 (95% CI: 0.79–4.37, I2 = 98%). For functionality, the Kinesio baseline scores were 64.19 (95% CI: 53.70–74.68, I2 = 98%), and the McConnell scores were 68.02 (95% CI: 65.76–70.28, I2 = 0%). At the combined recent follow-up, the Kinesio scores were 84.23 (95% CI: 79.44–89.01, I2 = 95%), and the McConnell scores were 86.00 (95% CI: 83.82–88.17, I2 = 0%). The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was achieved for both modalities at 6 weeks and beyond. Conclusions: Prolonged taping that remains on PFP patients outside of isolated exercise sessions appears beneficial in reducing pain and increasing functionality.
Clinical Efficacy of Cysteamine Application for Melasma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Bing-Qi , Wang Yen-Jen , Chang Chang-Cheng , Juang Tzong-Yuan , Huang Yung-Hsueh , Hsu Ying-Chuan
Published: December 2024

Background: Melasma is a challenging, acquired hyperpigmentary disorder. The gold standard treatment is Kligman’s formulation, which contains hydroquinone, tretinoin, and dexamethasone, but its long-term use is limited by the risk of exogenous ochronosis. Cysteamine, a tyrosinase inhibitor, reduces melanocyte activity and melanin production, showing strong depigmenting effects in patients resistant to Kligman’s formulation. Nonetheless, clinical studies have yielded inconsistent efficacy results. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of cysteamine in treating melasma and to identify potential factors that may impact its therapeutic outcomes. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, from the earliest record until August 2024, was conducted. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized design studies related to topical cysteamine on melasma patients were included. The primary outcome was MASI or mMASI assessment after treatments. The current meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed based on baseline MASI, disease duration of melasma, patient age, and sample size of the included studies. Funnel plots and Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill method were adopted to assess the publication bias. Results: Eight studies were included for quantitative analysis. The analysis of MASI after topical cysteamine demonstrated a significant decrease compared to the placebo (p = 0.002). Compared to other melasma treatments, cysteamine did not show superior efficacy in mMASI (p = 0.277). The treatment efficacy of hydroquinone, modified Kligman’s formula, and tranexamic acid mesotherapy for melasma was not statistically different when compared to cysteamine (p = 0.434). Further analyses showed no benefit when allowing extended cysteamine application time (p < 0.0001). The meta-regression revealed the efficacy of cysteamine decreased as the duration of melasma increased (coefficient = 0.38, p = 0.0001, R2 = 0.99). The funnel plot displayed some asymmetry. The trim and fill method suggested the adjusted effect size was 0.607 (95% CI = −0.720 to 1.935). Conclusions: Cysteamine exhibited efficacy in treating melasma patients; however, its depigmentation effect was comparable to hydroquinone-based regimens, tranexamic acid mesotherapy, and modified Kligman’s formula. Using cysteamine in patients with a short duration of melasma may result in better efficacy.
The Prognostic Value of Serum Creatinine Dynamics in Neonates—A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chisavu Flavia , Chisavu Lazar , Schiller Adalbert , Gafencu Mihai , Boia Marioara , Stroescu Ramona
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonates with increased mortality and longer hospitalization. Few studies have evaluated AKI outcomes in relation to serum creatinine dynamics in neonates from the first day of life. Methods: We performed an observational, retrospective, single-center study on newborns admitted to the “Louis Turcanu” Emergency County Hospital for Children between 2014 and 2022. The cohort comprised 1106 neonates with their serum creatinine values recorded on the first day of life and at least another measurement taken at between days 2 and 7. We evaluated the outcomes of serum creatinine trends in relation to mortality, hospitalization and progression to chronic kidney disease. Results: Overall, 23.4% (259) of babies had an ascending trend of serum creatinine and on day 1 had higher urea levels, lower hemoglobin and thrombocytes, lower serum proteins and higher degrees of inflammation compared to the ones with descending trends. An ascending serum creatinine level trend was associated with increased neonatal AKI (nAKI) risk in the first seven days of 12.93 times and an increased overall nAKI risk of 4.07 times. Ascending creatinine trends independently increased mortality in the entire cohort by 1.92 times and by 4.65 times in the subgroup of patients without AKI. In the crude analysis, an ascending creatinine trend increased the risk of chronic kidney disease by 8.74 times and, in an adjusted model, only nAKI was an independent risk factor (8.57 times). Conclusions: Neonates are a high-risk population with prolonged hospitalization regardless of serum creatinine trend. Our study emphasizes the importance of monitoring serum creatinine trends in at-risk newborns, especially those with ascending serum creatinine trends in the first week of life. Only the ascending serum creatinine trend was independently associated with an increased risk of nAKI development and mortality. nAKI is a risk factor for progression to chronic kidney disease.
Comparison of Postoperative Breast Asymmetry Using Vectra 3D Imaging in Prepectoral Versus Subpectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Choi Seung-Ho , Lee Sang-Oh , Chung Kyu-Jin , Kim Il-Kug , Lee Jun-Ho
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is increasingly favored over autologous reconstruction due to its procedural simplicity and recovery benefits. Conducting this reconstruction using either the subpectoral or prepectoral planes has varied aesthetic outcomes. This study utilizes VECTRA XT 3D imaging to objectively assess breast symmetry differences between these surgical techniques. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted analyzing data from patients undergoing unilateral total mastectomy followed by immediate silicone implant reconstruction via subpectoral or prepectoral techniques. The VECTRA XT 3D system provided measurements, including sternal-notch-to-nipple (SN-N), midline-to-nipple (ML-N), and nipple-to-inframammary fold (N-IMF) distances, as well as breast width, volume, and projection, taken more than a year postoperatively, to assess symmetry and aesthetic outcomes. Results: The study included 63 patients—29 in the subpectoral group and 38 in the prepectoral group. The SN-N ratio was 0.91 for the subpectoral group compared to 0.95 for the prepectoral group (p = 0.014). Among patients with a BMI of 25 or higher, the prepectoral group had an SN-N ratio significantly closer to 1 (0.97 ± 0.07) than the subpectoral group (0.89 ± 0.06) (p = 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found in metrics based on the surgical method across age categories divided at 50. Conclusions: The prepectoral IBBR technique shows improved nipple positioning and breast symmetry compared to subpectoral methods, as assessed via precise 3D imaging. This finding suggests potential advantages for surgical planning and patient satisfaction, indicating the need for large cohort studies to further investigate the factors influencing breast symmetry.
Age and HbA1c in Diabetes: A Negative Association Modified by Red Cell Characteristics
Authors: Byambasukh Oyuntugs , Nordog Munkhuchral , Suya Bao , Galsanjigmed Narkhajid , Dashnyam Altangadas , Khasag Altaisaikhan , Tsogbadrakh Odgerel , Altangerel Otgonbat
Published: December 2024

Background: While a positive correlation between age and HbA1c has been suggested in non-diabetic individuals, warranting higher HbA1c reference ranges for older adults, evidence among individuals with diabetes is less clear and may reveal an inverse trend. This study aimed to examine the relationship between age and HbA1c in a diabetic population, considering red cell parameters and other confounding factors; Methods: This cross-sectional study included 268 diabetic participants from Mongolia-Japan University Hospital (mean age 57.0 ± 9.9 years, 38.8% male, median diabetes duration 8.0 years, mean HbA1c 9.2 ± 3.3%). We analyzed the association between age and HbA1c using linear regression models, adjusting for diabetic characteristics, chronic complications, inflammation markers, and red cell indices. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on red cell distribution width (RDW) median splits; Results: A significant negative association between age and HbA1c was observed, with an unstandardized B coefficient (95% CI) of −0.112 (−0.166; −0.058, p < 0.001). This association persisted after adjustment for diabetic characteristics, complications, inflammation markers, and red cell indices (−0.115, −0.179; −0.051, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated a stronger negative association in participants with lower RDW levels (−0.174, −0.269; −0.079, p < 0.001) compared to those with higher RDW (−0.080, −0.147; −0.014, p = 0.019), suggesting that red cell characteristics may modify this relationship. No significant interactions were identified except for RDW; Conclusions: Our findings reveal a distinct negative association between age and HbA1c in diabetic individuals, independent of diabetic characteristics, complications, and inflammation markers. This association is particularly pronounced in individuals with lower RDW levels, highlighting the potential role of red cell morphology in influencing HbA1c levels with aging in diabetes.
Bevacizumab for Vestibular Schwannomas in Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A Systematic Review of Tumor Control and Hearing Preservation
Authors: Screnci Melina , Puechmaille Mathilde , Berton Quentin , Khalil Toufic , Mom Thierry , Coll Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs), also called acoustic neuromas, are benign tumors affecting the vestibulocochlear nerve, often leading to hearing loss and balance issues. This condition is particularly challenging in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), where VSs tend to develop bilaterally. Conventional treatments, such as surgery and radiotherapy, although effective, carry risks like hearing loss and nerve damage. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-targeting monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a less invasive treatment option, showing potential for tumor volume reduction and hearing preservation. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of bevacizumab in controlling tumor volume, preserving hearing, and identifying associated adverse events. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the effects of bevacizumab on VS, focusing on key outcomes like tumor volume reduction, hearing preservation, and adverse events. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Nine studies involving 176 patients were included. Bevacizumab showed a partial tumor volume reduction (≥20%) in 40% of cases and disease stabilization in 50%, while 10% experienced tumor progression. Hearing outcomes revealed improvement in 36% of patients, stabilization in 46%, and deterioration in 18%. Severe adverse effects, including hypertension and thromboembolic events, occurred in 13% of patients, while 18% reported no side effects. Tumor regrowth was observed in some patients after treatment discontinuation, emphasizing the need for long-term monitoring. Conclusions: Bevacizumab demonstrates effectiveness in managing VS, particularly in NF2 patients, by reducing tumor size and preserving hearing in a substantial proportion of cases. However, the variability in patient response and the risk of adverse events underscore the need for individualized treatment approaches and further research, including randomized controlled trials, to optimize its clinical application.
Recent Advances in Treating Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Muratori Pietro , Levantini Valentina
Published: December 2024

We are pleased to introduce this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, dedicated to “(Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice”, which addresses one of the most critical topics in mental health nowadays [...]
Retrospective Analysis of Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio
Authors: López-Jornet Pia , Parra-Perez Francisco , Pelaez Priscila , Pons-Fuster Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant disorder and a chronic inflammatory condition of an immune nature. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between immune-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with OLP and a control group. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study with 129 patients (62 with OLP and 67 controls) in which clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the mean platelet volume (MPV) index, and the parameter of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were assessed. Results: In patients with OLP, the average time of progression was significantly longer when the condition manifested in the atrophic–erosive form (4.3 ± 3.2 years) as opposed to the reticular form (1.8 ± 0.9 years) (p = 0.018). With regard to NLR, no differences were found in terms of age (p = 0.346 (r = 0.08)), tobacco use (p = 0.807), sex (p = 0.088), alcohol consumption (p = 0.281), clinical form of OLP (p = 0.55), time of progression of OLP (p = 0.309 (r = −0.13)), and number of sites (p = 0.217). The same was observed for the systemic immune-inflammation index. Conclusion: The lack of significant statistical associations between the biomarkers and parameters (NLR, PLR, MPV, and SII index) in patients with oral lichen planus makes such parameters of very limited use in clinical OLP practice.
Microstructural and Surface Texture Evaluation of Orthodontic Microimplants Covered with Bioactive Layers Enriched with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena , Ziąbka Magdalena , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Park Hyo-Sang , Lindauer Steven J. , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Bacterial infections are a common cause of clinical complications associated with the use of orthodontic microimplants. Biofilm formation on their surfaces and subsequent infection of peri-implant tissues can result in either exfoliation or surgical removal of these medical devices. In order to improve the properties of microimplants, hybrid coatings enriched with silver nanoparticles, calcium, and phosphorus were investigated. The present study aimed to assess the microstructure of commercially available microimplants composed of a medical TiAlV (Ti6Al4V) alloy covered with organic–inorganic layers obtained by the sol–gel method using the dip-coating technique. The microstructures and elemental surface compositions of the sterile, etched, and layer-modified microimplants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Elements such as silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) were detected on the microimplant’s surface layer. The SEM observations revealed that control microimplants (unetched) had smooth surfaces with only manufacturing-related embossing, while etching in hydrofluoric acid increased the surface roughness and introduced fluoride onto the microimplants. Layers with only silver nanoparticles reduced the roughness of the implant surface, and no extrusion was observed, while increased roughness and emerging porosity were observed when the layers were enriched with calcium and phosphorus. The highest roughness was observed in the microimplants etched with AgNPs and CaP, while the AgNPs-only layer showed a reduction in the roughness average parameter due to lower porosity. Enhancing the effectiveness of microimplants can be achieved by applying selective surface treatments to different parts. By keeping the outer tissue contact area smooth while making the bone contact area rough to promote stronger integration with bone tissue, the overall performance of the implants can be significantly improved.
Improving the Anti-Tumor Effect of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor CY1-4 by CY1-4 Nano-Skeleton Drug Delivery System
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Junwei , Wang Jingru , Li Zhuoyue , Yu Jianming , Huang Xu , Wan Bingchuan , Meng Xiangbao , Zhang Xuan
Published: December 2024

Background: CY1-4, 9-nitropyridine [2′,3′:4,5] pyrimido [1,2-α] indole -5,11- dione, is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor and a poorly water-soluble substance. It is very important to increase the solubility of CY1-4 to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effect. In this study, the mesoporous silica nano-skeleton carrier material Sylysia was selected as the carrier to load CY1-4, and then the CY1-4 nano-skeleton drug delivery system (MSNM@CY1-4) was prepared by coating the hydrophilic polymer material Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and the lipid material Distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)2000 (DSPE-PEG2000) to improve the anti-tumor effect of CY1-4. Methods: The solubility and dissolution of MSNM@CY1-4 were investigated, and its bioavailability, anti-tumor efficacy, IDO inhibitory ability and immune mechanism were evaluated in vivo. Results: CY1-4 was loaded in MSNM@CY1-4 in an amorphous form, and MSNM@CY1-4 could significantly improve the solubility (up to about 200 times) and dissolution rate of CY1-4. In vivo studies showed that the oral bioavailability of CY1-4 in 20 mg/kg MSNM@CY1-4 was about 23.9-fold more than that in 50 mg/kg CY1-4 suspension. In B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, MSNM@CY1-4 significantly inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival time, significantly inhibited IDO activity in blood and tumor tissues, and reduced Tregs in tumor tissues and tumor-draining lymph nodes to improve anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions: The nano-skeleton drug delivery system (MSNM@CY1-4) constructed in this study is a potential drug delivery platform for improving the anti-tumor effect of oral poorly water-soluble CY1-4.
Comparing the Pressure on the Carpal Tunnel When Using an Ergonomic Pointer Driver and an Optical Alternative
Authors: Cholico Francisco A. , Paz José A. , López Zaira , Hernández Sámano Alfonso , Mena-Barboza Eri , Bernal-Alvarado José , Velasquez Celso , Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Quintero Luis H. , Cano Mario E.
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to introduce a method to measure the force or pressure over the carpal tunnel indirectly, using a new device to drive the pointer of a computer system. The measurements were compared with those obtained using an ergonomic mouse. Simultaneously, measurements of muscular stress on the digitorum extensor muscle were performed to correlate the applied force against muscle activity. Methods: An experimental setup was constructed using an infrared static receiver plus two wearable moving light emitters, which can be displaced inside a rectangular projected region. The pointer functions are performed through two finger gestures, while the hand is naturally extended. A microcontroller was used to communicate with the computer, which works as a human interface device and possesses firmware to associate the position of each light source with the pointer functions. Meanwhile, force and electromyography sensing circuits were developed to transmit and measure carpal tunnel strength and muscular stress. The system was tested on five healthy volunteers, who were encouraged to solve the same computational tasks using this new device and a trademark ergonomic mouse. Results: Our results show great differences (greater than one magnitude) between the efforts of the same volunteers performing the same predefined tasks using both pointer controllers. Only when the new device was used did the Pearson’s correlation coefficients show a higher correlation between the effort measured on the carpal tunnel and the muscular activity. Conclusions: The optic pointer driver diminishes the strength on the carpal tunnel, causing slightly increased stress on the digitorum extensor muscle.
Effects of Explosive vs. Strength Resistance Training on Plantar Flexor Neuromuscular and Functional Capacities in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Magtouf Elmoetez , Peyrot Nicolas , Cherni Yosra , Chortane Oussema Gaied , Jolibois Jonathan , Rahmani Abderrahmane , Maktouf Wael
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To compare the effects of explosive and strength resistance training on neuromuscular and functional parameters in older adults and to analyze the relationship between changes in walking speed and improvements in plantar flexor (PF) neuromuscular parameters following interventions. Methods: In total, 40 participants were randomly assigned to either an explosive resistance training group (EXG, n = 18; age = 80.41 ± 10.12 years; body mass index = 22.89 ± 2.77 kg/m2) or a strength resistance training group (STG, n = 22; age = 82.89 ± 5.32 years; body mass index = 23.81 ± 3.45 kg/m2). Both groups participated in the same PF resistance training regimen (three sessions per week for 12 weeks), engaging in identical exercises. However, EXG performed three to five sets of 12 to 14 repetitions at 40% to 45% of one-maximal repetition with a rapid concentric phase and a 3 s eccentric phase, while the STG performed three to four sets of 6 to 7 repetitions at 80% to 85% of one-maximal repetition, with both phases lasting approximately 3 s. Before and after the interventions, gait speed (m/s) was assessed using a 10 m walking test, and relative maximal force (Relative Fmax, N/kg) was evaluated during maximal voluntary isometric contraction of PF. From the force–time curve, early (0–50 ms) and late (100–200 ms) rates of force development (RFD) were extracted from the linear slopes (Δ force/Δ time). Results: Gait speed significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the improvement was more pronounced in the EXG compared to the STG (p < 0.05). Relative Fmax showed a more significant increase in the STG than in the EXG (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant 10% increase in early RFD in the STG and a 20.1% increase in the EXG were observed (p < 0.05). The improvement in early RFD was greater in the EXG (p < 0.05). Additionally, late RFD improved significantly only in the EXG (+20.4%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Explosive resistance training appears particularly effective in improving the ability to rapidly generate force, which is essential for many daily activities requiring explosive movements and quick responses.
Hands-On Versus Hands-Off Treatment of Hip-Related Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Franceschi Giulia , Scotto Irene , Maselli Filippo , Mourad Firas , Gallotti Marco
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: A manual approach combined with therapeutic exercise versus therapeutic exercise alone is a debated issue in the literature. The American College of Rheumatology guidelines “conditionally recommended against” manual therapy for the management of hip osteoarthritis. Manual therapy followed by exercise, instead, appears to lead to a faster return to sport than exercise alone for adductor groin pain. There is a need to understand which is the most effective treatment in the management of hip nonspecific musculoskeletal diseases. The aim of this systematic review is to determine which is the most effective treatment between manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise and therapeutic exercise alone in subjects with hip nonspecific musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: This systematic review complies with the guidelines of the 2020 Prisma Statement. The databases consulted were Pubmed, Cinahl, and Web Of Science. The search was conducted from October 2004 to November 2023. The search string was developed following the PICO model. Free terms or synonyms (e.g., manual therapy, exercise therapy, hip disease, effectiveness) and Medical Subject Headings terms were combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). The risk-of-bias assessment was conducted using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for observational studies. A qualitative analysis of the results was conducted through narrative synthesis of key concepts. When possible, quantitative analysis was conducted through statistical parameters. Results: Ten articles were analyzed. Results show no differences between the interventions analyzed. Preliminary evidence seems to favor the combined intervention for the outcomes of pain, ROM, and patient satisfaction, with other studies claiming an absence of differences. Only one study claims that therapeutic exercise alone is more effective for quality of life. Preliminary evidence seems to show that manual therapy does not seem to bring any benefit in addition to therapeutic exercise in mid- and long-term functionality, especially for hip osteoarthritis. Conclusions: There seems to be no difference in effectiveness between manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise and therapeutic exercise alone in individuals with hip nonspecific musculoskeletal diseases.
Advice on Regulating Body Mass in Wrestling from the Most Cited Combat Sport Literature—A Systematic Review
Authors: Karninčić Hrvoje , Žugaj Nenad , Škugor Krešo
Published: December 2024

Background: Since studies on the subject of weight reduction in wrestlers vary in opinions regarding health, performance, and legal regulations, a review of the most cited literature in other combat sports was carried out. Methods: By searching the WOS and Scopus scientific databases, the top 60 cited papers were identified, and ultimately, 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this review were selected. Findings and conclusions: Apart from the advantages gained in strength and mass through weight reduction, a mental advantage is also obtained. The period between weigh-ins and the actual bouts is considered crucial for the preservation of performance. When the rules allow for a longer recovery period, this enables aggressive, harmful, or prohibited weight reduction methods to be employed by some wrestlers. A chronic reduction in body weight is regarded as a long-term health issue but may be ignored by wrestlers. There has been no progress in the attempt to regulate the problem of rapid weight loss (RWL) within wrestling in the past thirty-five years. If any change is to be brought about, the engagement of all federations, clubs, WADA, and all individuals involved in this issue (athletes, coaches, parents, doctors, etc.) is deemed necessary.
Quantitative MRI Assessment of Post-Surgical Spinal Cord Injury Through Radiomic Analysis
Authors: Sharafi Azadeh , Klein Andrew P. , Koch Kevin M.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates radiomic efficacy in post-surgical traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), overcoming MRI limitations from metal artifacts to enhance diagnosis, severity assessment, and lesion characterization or prognosis and therapy guidance. Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe neurological deficits. While MRI allows qualitative injury evaluation, standard imaging alone has limitations for precise SCI diagnosis, severity stratification, and pathology characterization, which are needed to guide prognosis and therapy. Radiomics enables quantitative tissue phenotyping by extracting a high-dimensional set of descriptive texture features from medical images. However, the efficacy of postoperative radiomic quantification in the presence of metal-induced MRI artifacts from spinal instrumentation has yet to be fully explored. A total of 50 healthy controls and 12 SCI patients post-stabilization surgery underwent 3D multi-spectral MRI. Automated spinal cord segmentation was followed by radiomic feature extraction. Supervised machine learning categorized SCI versus controls, injury severity, and lesion location relative to instrumentation. Radiomics differentiated SCI patients (Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.97; accuracy 1.0), categorized injury severity (MCC: 0.95; ACC: 0.98), and localized lesions (MCC: 0.85; ACC: 0.90). Combined T1 and T2 features outperformed individual modalities across tasks with gradient boosting models showing the highest efficacy. The radiomic framework achieved excellent performance, differentiating SCI from controls and accurately categorizing injury severity. The ability to reliably quantify SCI severity and localization could potentially inform diagnosis, prognosis, and guide therapy. Further research is warranted to validate radiomic SCI biomarkers and explore clinical integration.
Early Fault Diagnosis and Prediction of Marine Large-Capacity Batteries Based on Real Data
Authors: Liu Yifan , Jin Huabiao , Yang Xiangguo , Tang Telu , Song Qijia , Chen Yuelin , Liu Lin , Jiang Shoude
Published: December 2024

The inconsistency of battery voltages in all-electric ships is a significant issue for electric vehicle battery systems, leading to numerous safety concerns during vessel operation. Therefore, timely fault diagnosis and accurate fault prediction are crucial for the safe operation of ships. This study examines the fault alarm system of marine battery management systems in conjunction with the unique operating conditions of ships, focusing on the system’s latency. To facilitate prompt fault detection, a fault diagnosis method based on the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is proposed, utilizing the voltage data of battery clusters. Results indicate that the DBSCAN clustering algorithm demonstrates superior effectiveness and accuracy in identifying irregular battery clusters. Furthermore, the fault prediction method based on the iTransformer model is introduced to forecast variations in battery cluster voltages. Experimental findings suggest that this model can effectively predict consistency faults and over-/under-voltage conditions based on battery cluster voltage values and corresponding fault thresholds.
Discovery of Two New Deep-Sea Desmoscolex Species (Nematoda: Desmoscolecidae) with Wing-like Cephalic Setae from the Ulleung Basin, the East Sea, Korea
Authors: Jung Wooin , Rho Hyun Soo
Published: December 2024

This study describes two new species of the subgenus Desmoscolex (Nematoda: Desmoscolecidae) from deep-sea habitats in the Ulleung Basin, the East Sea, Korea, located in the NorthWest Pacific Ocean. Both species exhibit cephalic setae with wing-like appendages—a rare trait documented in only a few species of this subgenus. Desmoscolex (Desmoscolex) globiceps sp. nov. is characterized by a rounded head covered with concretion particles, wing-like cephalic setae equipped with thin, flap-like membranes, and oval amphidial fovea that cover most of the head. The body is composed of 17 main rings, bearing slender somatic setae that taper to an open tip and a conical terminal ring that elongates to a short spinneret. Females of this species lack subventral setae on the 14th main ring. Desmoscolex (Desmoscolex) ovaliceps sp. nov. features an oval head covered with foreign particles, wing-like cephalic setae with thin, flap-like membranes, and oval amphids encompassing much of the head. This species also has a body with 17 main rings, with subdorsal setae gradually tapering toward the tip, which is slightly differentiated from the rest, and shorter subventral setae ending with an open distal tip. The terminal ring is conical, slightly tapered, and terminates in an uncovered spinneret. Detailed morphological descriptions of both species are provided, incorporating scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential interference contrast (DIC) images. A comparative analysis with previously described taxa is included, along with a pictorial key to assist in the identification of related species, contributing to a deeper understanding of morphological diversity within the subgenus Desmoscolex.
Uncommon Nasal Mass Presentation: A Radiological Case Series
Authors: Lo Casto Antonio , Lorusso Francesco , Palizzolo Ettore , Sireci Federico , Dispenza Francesco , De Angelis Manfredi , Immordino Angelo , Gallina Salvatore , Bencivinni Francesco
Published: December 2024

Background: Nasal and paranasal sinus masses can arise from a wide range of conditions, both benign and malignant, as well as congenital or acquired. Diagnosing these masses is often challenging, requiring a combination of nasal endoscopy, imaging studies, and histopathological analysis. Initial imaging frequently involves computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the bony anatomy of the nasal cavity and surrounding sinuses, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically used for detailed assessment of soft tissues and to aid in differential diagnosis when the findings are inconclusive. Methods: This review examines nasal masses evaluated using CT, CBCT, and MRI, highlighting key imaging features that may assist in differential diagnosis. Results: For non-neoplastic lesions, examples include conditions such as rhinoliths, inverted mesiodens, and septal mucoceles. Benign and borderline tumors discussed encompass lobular capillary hemangioma, inverted papilloma, septal osteoma, chondromesenchymal hamartoma, hemangioma, hemangiopericytoma, antrochoanal polyp, sinonasal angiofibroma, ossifying fibroma, and lipoma. Malignant tumors addressed in this review include adenocarcinoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma. Conclusions: Diagnosing nasal lesions represent a significant challenge for otolaryngologists. Imaging characteristics of nasal masses play a crucial role in narrowing down differential diagnoses before surgery. However, nasal endoscopy combined with biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic approach.
Conceptualizing an Institutional Framework to Mitigate Crypto-Assets’ Operational Risk
Authors: Roy Deepankar , Dubey Ashutosh , Tiwary Daitri
Published: December 2024

Extent ecosystems of crypto financial assets (crypto-assets) lack parity and coherence across the globe. This asymmetry is further heightened with a knowledge gap in operational risk management, wherein the global landscape of crypto-assets is characterized by unprecedented external risks and internal vulnerabilities. In this study, we present a critical examination and comprehensive analysis of current crypto-asset operational guidelines across geographies. We benchmark these guidelines to the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) risk classification framework for crypto-assets, identifying gaps in the operations across organizations. We, hence, conceptualize a novel institutional framework which may help in understanding and mitigating the gaps in operational risks’ regulation of crypto-assets. Our proposed Crypto-asset Operational Risk Management (CORM) framework determines how operational risk associated with crypto-assets of financial institutions can be mitigated to respond to the increasing demand for crypto-assets, cross border payments, electronic money, and cryptocurrencies, across countries. Applicable to firms irrespective of their size and scale of operations, CORM aligns with global regulatory initiatives, facilitating compliance and fostering trust among stakeholders. Strengthening our argument of CORM’s applicability, we present its efficacy in the form of alternate hypothetical outcomes in two distinct real-life cases wherein crypto-asset exchanges succumbed to either external risks, such as hacking, or internal vulnerabilities. It paves the way for future regulatory response with a structured approach to addressing the unique operational risks associated with crypto-assets. The framework advocates for collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, ensuring its adaptability to the rapidly evolving crypto landscape. It further contributes to the establishment of a more resilient and regulated financial ecosystem, inclusive of crypto-assets. By implementing CORM, institutions can navigate the complexities of crypto-assets while safeguarding their interests and promoting sustainable growth in the digital asset market.
How Digitalization and Its Context Affect the Urban–Rural Income Gap: A Configurational Analysis Based on 274 Prefecture-Level Administrative Regions in China
Authors: Jie Yulong , Hu Shuigen , Zhu Siling , Weng Lieen
Published: December 2024

Digitalization offers an opportunity to narrow the economic gap between urban and rural areas; however, there are fragmented and competing explanations regarding its impact mechanisms. Responding to calls for research on the complex effects of digitalization, this paper, based on a contextual perspective and configurational theory, analyzes the impact of digitalization conditions embedded in contexts on the urban–rural income gap. The study, based on a sample of 274 prefecture-level administrative regions in China from 2014 to 2021, employs a Panel Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (Panel fsQCA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). The combined application of necessity analysis and sufficiency analysis reveals that certain digitalization conditions—such as digital infrastructure, digital industry, and digital finance—have a universal influence on the urban–rural income gap. Importantly, the sufficiency analysis demonstrates that the impact mechanisms of digitalization conditions exhibit configurational effects, varying with changes in contextual and conditional combinations. The models that significantly narrow the urban–rural income gap include (1) the “infrastructure–finance–governance” model, (2) the comprehensive digital transformation model, (3) the “technology–infrastructure–industry” model, and (4) the digital infrastructure transformation model. Among these, the comprehensive digital transformation model is the most universally effective. These configurations reflect the logic of completeness and substitutability and exhibit specific dynamic evolutionary trends and spatial distribution characteristics. These findings provide contextual and adaptable empirical insights for economies, including China, to implement targeted digital transformation strategies that effectively narrow the urban–rural income gap. For instance, economies can focus on developing comprehensive digital transformation in prosperous and open regions to reduce income gap.