bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending epipolar geometry for real-time structured light illumination II: lossless accuracy
Authors: Liu Kai , Ran Xuening , Gong Jun , Song Jianwen , Lau Daniel L. , Zhu Ce , Xu Bin
Published: January 2021

Structured light illumination is a process of 3D scanning using a digital projector to project a series of striped patterns that sweep a target surface, and based on the warping of the stripes viewed by a camera, the shape of the target can be reconstructed. In the case of scanning stripes separately in both horizontal and vertical directions, algorithms have been proposed that achieve real-time reconstruction through look-up tables; however, these look-up tables implement the inversion of one traditional lens projection matrix. In this Letter, we propose look-up tables constructed using (1) both views of a camera and a projector and (2) basic arithmetic operations rather than complex matrix operations to significantly reduce the total number of computations used to reconstruct a point cloud. Experiments show that, with the same accuracy, the proposed tables improve the computation speed by a factor of

6.66
×

, from 31.00 to 206.61 fps.
Ultra-wideband perfect reflection and tunneling by all-dielectric metamaterials
Authors: Qiu Jinlin , Liu Xueying , Liang Zhongzhu , Zhu Jinfeng
Published: January 2021

All-dielectric metamaterials are a promising low-loss alternative to plasmonic metamaterials for near-infrared perfect reflection, but the working bandwidth is still limited. Here we propose an ultra-wideband all-dielectric metamaterial perfect reflector that has a compact structure consisting of the subwavelength high-index grating, connection layer, and multilayer stack. Such a perfect reflector combines the advantages of quarter-wave design and resonant leaky mode, and covers an extremely wide wavelength range from 966 to 2203 nm under the normal incidence of transverse magnetic wave. By engineering the connection layer, the reflection band can be split with an ultra-narrowband tunneling of light transmission. These achievements demonstrate the promising potential of all-dielectric metamaterials as ultra-wideband reflectors for extensive applications in optical devices and systems.
Multiply charged vortex states of polariton condensates
Authors: Alperin Samuel N. , Berloff Natalia G.
Published: January 2021

The existence of quantized vortices is a key feature of Bose–Einstein condensates. In equilibrium condensates, only quantum vortices of unit topological charge are stable, due to the dynamical instabilities of multiply charged defects, unless supported by strong external rotation. Due to immense interest in the physics of these topological excitations, a great deal of work has been done to understand how to force their stability. Here we show that in photonic Bose–Einstein condensates of exciton–polariton quasiparticles pumped in an annular geometry, not only do the constant particle fluxes intrinsic to the system naturally stabilize multiply charged vortex states, but that such states can indeed form spontaneously during the condensate formation through a dynamic symmetry breaking mechanism. We elucidate the properties of these states, notably finding that they radiate acoustically at topologically quantized frequencies. Finally, we show that the vorticity of these photonic fluids is limited by a quantum Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, and therefore by the condensate radius and pumping intensity. This reported instability in a quantum photonic fluid represents a fundamental result in fluid dynamics.
Deep compressed imaging via optimized pattern scanning
Authors: Zhang Kangning , Hu Junjie , Yang Weijian
Published: January 2021

The need for high-speed imaging in applications such as biomedicine, surveillance, and consumer electronics has called for new developments of imaging systems. While the industrial effort continuously pushes the advance of silicon focal plane array image sensors, imaging through a single-pixel detector has gained significant interest thanks to the development of computational algorithms. Here, we present a new imaging modality, deep compressed imaging via optimized-pattern scanning, which can significantly increase the acquisition speed for a single-detector-based imaging system. We project and scan an illumination pattern across the object and collect the sampling signal with a single-pixel detector. We develop an innovative end-to-end optimized auto-encoder, using a deep neural network and compressed sensing algorithm, to optimize the illumination pattern, which allows us to reconstruct faithfully the image from a small number of measurements, with a high frame rate. Compared with the conventional switching-mask-based single-pixel camera and point-scanning imaging systems, our method achieves a much higher imaging speed, while retaining a similar imaging quality. We experimentally validated this imaging modality in the settings of both continuous-wave illumination and pulsed light illumination and showed high-quality image reconstructions with a high compressed sampling rate. This new compressed sensing modality could be widely applied in different imaging systems, enabling new applications that require high imaging speeds.
Successful conduct of an acute stroke clinical trial during COVID
Authors: Yamal Jose-Miguel , Parker Stephanie A. , Jacob Asha P. , Rajan Suja S. , Bowry Ritvij , Bratina Patti , Wang Mengxi , Nour May , Mackey Jason , Collins Sarah , Jones William , Schimpf Brandi , Ornelas David , Spokoyny Ilana , Im Jenny Fung , Gilbert Greg , Eisshofer Michael , Grotta James C.
Published: January 2021

Most clinical research stopped during COVID due to possible impact on data quality and personnel safety. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID on acute stroke clinical trial conduct at sites that continued to enroll patients during the pandemic. BEST-MSU is an ongoing study of Mobile Stroke Units (MSU) vs standard management of tPA-eligible acute stroke patients in the pre-hospital setting. MSU personnel include a vascular neurologist via telemedicine, and a nurse, CT technologist, paramedics and emergency medicine technicians on-board. During COVID, consent, 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and EQ5D were obtained by phone instead of in-person, but other aspects of management were similar to the pre-COVID period. We compared patient demographics, study metrics, and infection of study personnel during intra- vs pre-COVID eras. Five of 6 BEST-MSU sites continued to enroll during COVID. There were no differences in intra- (n = 57) vs pre- (n = 869) COVID enrolled tPA eligible patients’ age, sex, race (38.6% vs 38.0% Black), ethnicity (15.8% vs 18.6% Hispanic), or NIHSS (median 11 vs 9). The percent of screened patients enrolled and adjudicated tPA eligible declined from 13.6% to 6.6% (p < .001); study enrollment correlated with local stay-at-home and reopening orders. There were no differences in alert to MSU arrival or arrival to tPA times, but MSU on-scene time was 5 min longer (p = .01). There were no differences in ED door to CT, tPA treatment or thrombectomy puncture times, hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, or remote vs in-person 90-day mRS or EQ5D. One MSU nurse tested positive but did not require hospitalization. Clinical research in the pre-hospital setting can be carried out accurately and safely during a pandemic. tPA eligibility rates declined, but otherwise there were no differences in patient demographics, deterioration of study processes, or serious infection of study staff.

Trial registration: NCT02190500
A novel aqueous extract from rice fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses an anti-influenza A virus activity
Authors: Shoji Masaki , Sugimoto Minami , Matsuno Kosuke , Fujita Yoko , Mii Tomohiro , Ayaki Satomi , Takeuchi Misa , Yamaji Saki , Tanaka Narue , Takahashi Etsuhisa , Noda Takeshi , Kido Hiroshi , Tokuyama Takaaki , Tokuyama Takahito , Tokuyama Takashi , Kuzuhara Takashi
Published: January 2021

Human influenza virus infections occur annually worldwide and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hence, development of novel anti-influenza drugs is urgently required. Rice Power® extract developed by the Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd. is a novel aqueous extract of rice obtained via saccharization and fermentation with various microorganisms, such as Aspergillus oryzae, yeast [such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae], and lactic acid bacteria, possessing various biological and pharmacological properties. In our previous experimental screening with thirty types of Rice Power® extracts, we observed that the 30th Rice Power® (Y30) extract promoted the survival of influenza A virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Therefore, to identify compounds for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs, we aimed to investigate whether the Y30 extract exhibits anti-influenza A virus activity. In the present study, we demonstrated that the Y30 extract strongly promoted the survival of influenza A H1N1 Puerto Rico 8/34 (A/PR/8/34), California 7/09, or H3N2 Aichi 2/68 (A/Aichi/2/68) viruses-infected MDCK cells and inhibited A/PR/8/34 or A/Aichi/2/68 viruses infection and growth in the co-treatment and pre-infection experiments. The pre-treatment of Y30 extract on MDCK cells did not induce anti-influenza activity in the cell. The Y30 extract did not significantly affect influenza A virus hemagglutination, and neuraminidase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities. Interestingly, the electron microscopy experiment revealed that the Y30 extract disrupts the integrity of influenza A virus particles by permeabilizing the viral membrane envelope, suggesting that Y30 extract has a direct virucidal effect against influenza A virus. Furthermore, we observed that compared to the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract, the water extract of Y30 extract considerably promoted the survival of cells infected with A/PR/8/34 virus. These results indicated that more anti-influenza components were present in the water extract of Y30 extract than in the EtOAc extract. Our results highlight the potential of a rice extract fermented with A. oryzae and S. cerevisiae as an anti-influenza medicine and a drug source for the development of anti-influenza compounds.
Association between liberal oxygen therapy and mortality in patients with paraquat poisoning: A multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Xin-Hong , Pan Hsiu-Yung , Cheng Fu-Jen , Huang Kuo-Chen , Li Chao-Jui , Chen Chien-Chih , Chuang Po-Chun
Published: January 2021

Paraquat (N, N'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride, PQ) intoxication is a common cause of lethal poisoning. This study aimed to identify the risk of using liberal oxygen therapy in patients with PQ poisoning. This was a multi-center retrospective cohort study involving four medical institutions in Taiwan. Data were extracted from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) from January 2004 to December 2016. Patients confirmed to have PQ intoxication with a urine PQ concentration ≥ 5 ppm were analyzed. Patients who received oxygen therapy before marked hypoxia (SpO2 ≥ 90%) were defined as receiving liberal oxygen therapy. The association between mortality and patient demographics, blood paraquat concentration (ppm), and liberal oxygen therapy were analyzed. A total of 416 patients were enrolled. The mortality rate was higher in the liberal oxygen therapy group (87.8% vs. 73.7%, P = 0.007), especially in 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.533–14.471) and overall mortality (aOR: 5.97, 95% CI: 1.692–21.049) groups. Mortality in patients with PQ poisoning was also associated with age (aOR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.015–1.073), blood creatinine level (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.124–1.978), and blood paraquat concentration (ppm) (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI: 1.298–1.766). Unless the evidence of hypoxia (SpO2 < 90%) is clear, oxygen therapy should be avoided because it is associated with increased mortality.
Spatial-temporal clustering of notified pulmonary tuberculosis and its predictors in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Asemahagn Mulusew Andualem , Alene Getu Degu , Yimer Solomon Abebe
Published: January 2021

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a key health menace in Ethiopia and its districts. This study aimed to assess the spatial-temporal clustering of notified pulmonary TB (PTB) cases in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted among all PTB cases reported from 2013–2019. Case notification rates (CNRs) of PTB cases atKebele(the lowest administrative unit),woreda, and zone levels were estimated. The PTB clustering was done using global Moran’s I statistics on Arc GIS 10.6. We used Kulldorff SaTScan 9.6 with a discrete Poisson model to identify statistically significant spatial-temporal clustering of PTB cases atKebelelevel. Similarly, a negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the incidence of PTB cases at kebele level.

Results

A total of 5340 (52%) smear-positive and 4928 (48%) smear-negative PTB cases were analyzed. The overall mean CNR of PTB cases at zone,woredaandKebelelevels were 58(47–69), 82(56–204), and 69(36–347) per 100,000 population, respectively. The purely spatial cluster analysis identified eight most likely clusters (one for overall and one per year for seven reporting years) and 47 secondary clusters. Similarly, the space-time scan analysis identified one most likely and seven secondary clusters. The purely temporal analysis also detected one most likely cluster from 2013–2015. Rural residence, distance from the nearest health facility, and poor TB service readiness were factors (p-value <0.05) to PTB incidence atkebelelevel.

Conclusion

The distribution of PTB cases was clustered. The PTB CNR was low and showed a decreasing trend during the reporting periods. Rural residence, distance from the health facilities, and poor facility readiness were factors of PTB incidence. Improving accessibility and readiness of health facilities mainly to rural and hotspot areas is vital to increase case detection and reduce TB transmission.
Associations of intimate partner violence and financial adversity with familial homelessness in pregnant and postpartum women: A 7-year prospective study of the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Chan Caitlin S. , Sarvet Aaron L. , Basu Archana , Koenen Karestan , Keyes Katherine M.
Published: January 2021

Objective

To determine whether emotional and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and financial adversity increase risk of incident homelessness in pregnancy and the post-partum period.

Study design

Data were drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, which starting in 1990 mailed questionnaires to 14,735 mothers in the UK, over 7 years from pregnancy onwards. Marginal structural models and multiple imputation were used to address time-varying confounding of the primary variables, testing for interaction between concurrent emotional/physical IPV and financial adversity, and adjusted for baseline age, ethnicity, education, partner’s alcohol use, parity, depression, and social class.

Results

Emotional IPV (HR 1.44 (1.13,1.84)), physical IPV (HR 2.05 (1.21,3.49)), and financial adversity (HR 1.59 (1.44,1.77)) each predicted a multiplicative increase in the discrete-time hazard of incident homelessness. We identified joint effects for concurrent emotional IPV and financial adversity (HR 2.09 (1.35,3.22)) and concurrent physical IPV and financial adversity (HR 2.79 (1.21,6.44)). We further identified a temporary decline in self-reported physical IPV among mothers during pregnancy and up to 8 months post-partum.

Conclusions

Emotional and physical IPV and financial adversity independently and jointly increase the risk of incident homelessness. The effects of emotional and physical IPV are comparable to or greater than the risk of financial adversity. Homelessness prevention policies should consider IPV victims as high-risk, regardless of financial status. Furthermore, self-reported physical IPV declines temporarily during pregnancy and up to 8 months post-partum. Screening for IPV in this period may miss high-risk individuals.
Further characterization of the effect of the prototypical antidepressant imipramine on the microstructure of licking for sucrose
Authors: D'Aquila Paolo S. , Galistu Adriana
Published: January 2021

We previously reported that treatment with the prototypical antidepressant imipramine induced a dose-dependent reduction of the ingestion of a 10% sucrose solution, due to reduction of the licking burst number, thus suggesting reduced motivation and/or increased satiation. Importantly, the experimental sessions were performed in an alternate order, either 1-h or 24-h after imipramine administration. The observation that imipramine effect was more pronounced in the “1-h after-treatment” sessions, i.e. at the time of the brain drug Cmax, led us to suggest that it was likely related to brain drug levels at testing time. However, such an experimental design does not allow to rule out the alternative possibility that the observed effect might be due to post-session administration, as previously observed with memantine. To determine whether imipramine-induced decrease of sucrose ingestion could be observed even in absence of post-session administration, we examined the effect of a daily 22 day treatment with imipramine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). In the first half of the treatment period all behavioural tests were performed 1-h after administration. In the second half of the treatment period, tests were performed alternatively either 1-h or 24-h after imipramine administration. The results confirm that imipramine reduces sucrose ingestion due to a reduction of the licking burst number. Most importantly, these results demonstrate that this effect does not require imipramine post-session administration, since it was present before the beginning of post-session administrations. This supports the interpretation of the reduction of sucrose ingestion as a consequence of reduced motivation and/or increased satiation. Thus, these findings, taken together with the results of our previous study, might be relevant in explaining the effects of imipramine in models of drug-seeking and in body weight gain reduction in rats, but not in accounting for the antidepressant therapeutic effect. At variance with the results of our previous study, an increase in burst size was present in the first half of the treatment period, which might be interpreted as a prohedonic effect and/or as a compensatory effect.
Alcohol consumption in early adolescence: Associations with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors according to gender
Authors: Pedroni Camille , Dujeu Maud , Lebacq Thérésa , Desnouck Véronique , Holmberg Emma , Castetbon Katia
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Early alcohol consumption can irreversible damage the adolescents’ brain and may affect their quality of life. In order to better prevent such a deleterious behaviour, knowing its determinants is needed. So far, only few studies among adolescents aged <15 years exist, of which the majority failed to include gender differences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether gender differences in the association between alcohol use and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among 10-14-year olds exist.

Methods

Data came from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in French-speaking schools of Belgium. The sample analysed here comprised 4,364 10-14-year olds from the Walloon Region. Associations of the recent alcohol consumption (at least one glass during the past month) with sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics were estimated using gender-stratified multivariable logistic regression modelling.

Results

Prevalence of early alcohol consumption was 14% (boys: 16%; girls: 12%). Migration status and family affluence scale (FAS) were associated with early alcohol consumption only in boys. Second-generation immigrant boys (vs. natives: OR = 0.66 [0.47–0.92]) and boys from “low” FAS families (vs. “high”: OR = 0.56 [0.32–0.98]) or “medium” FAS (vs. “high”: OR = 0.63 [0.43–0.92]) were less likely to have consumed alcohol in the past month. In both genders, alcohol consumption was positively associated with age and inversely associated with school satisfaction and family support. No association was observed with family structure, peer support and life satisfaction in the multivariable models.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that gender differences may exist in the determinants of alcohol consumption among young adolescents. They will contribute to the development of public health policies and actions for the most vulnerable adolescents, which should take gender differences into account.
Eduardo BAUTISTA MARTÍNEZ. La política y las calles. Resistencias y continuidades en Oaxaca. México: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca-Miguel Ángel Porrúa. 2015. 137 pp. ISBN: 978-607-9061-34-0.
Authors: Torres Alonso Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Reseña de:Eduardo Bautista Martínez. La política y las calles. Resistencias y continuidades en Oaxaca. México: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca-Miguel Ángel Porrúa. 2015. 137 pp. ISBN: 978-607-9061-34-0.
Cambio y continuidad en la elección de Bachelet
Authors: Izquierdo José M. , Navia Patricio
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: La llegada al poder de Michelle Bachelet, en 2006, supuso continuidades y cambios en la política de Chile. Las continuidades están dadas por el cuarto triunfo consecutivo de la Concertación, la coalición de centro-izquierda histórica de Chile desde el retorno de la democracia en 1989. Los cambios surgen de la misma figura de Bachelet, primera mujer en alcanzar el sillón presidencial en el país. El contexto electoral del año 2006 se caracterizó por las divisiones de la derecha, por una excelente performance del gobierno anterior de Ricardo Lagos así como por aciertos y errores por parte de la Concertación. Los desafíos que encara la presidenta tienen que ver con poder conjugar estos elementos de continuación e innovación de la política chilena.ABSTRACT: Michelle Bachelet’s coming to power in 2006 brought continuities and changes to Chilean politics. The continuities are seen in this forth consecutive winning for the Concertación, Chilean’s historical left-centered coalition since the recoverty of democracy in 1989. The changes arise with Bachelet’s person, beeing the first woman to be president of the country. 2006 electoral context caracterized by divisions within right-wing parties, by an excellent performance of Ricardo Lagos previous government as well as by successes and mistakes of the Concertación. The challenges the president faces are linked to her ability to articulate theses continuity and innovative elements in Chilean politics.
Control ciudadano a la gestión de las regalías: ¿nuevas condiciones de gobernanza en el sector petrolero colombiano?
Authors: González Espinosa Ana Carolina
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la introducción de criterios de transparencia y rendición de cuentas en la gestión de las regalías petroleras en Colombia. A través del estudio de los Comités de Seguimiento y Evaluación a la Inversión de Regalías (CSIR), se intenta indagar si los dispositivos de control ciudadano implican nuevas condiciones de gobernanza en el sector petrolero. Para ello, se presentan primero los argumentos que facilitan la inscripción de la gestión local de las regalías como un tema problemático en la agenda pública. Posteriormente, se describe el surgimiento de los CSIR en respuesta a dicho problema, se analizan los factores que permiten su desarrollo y el nuevo tipo de interacciones Estado-Sociedad que genera su implementación en el ámbito local. En el último aparte, se presentan las inquietudes que suscitan estas nuevas condiciones de gobernanza en términos de su contenido democrático y de sus alcances. Palabras clave: gobernanza, gestión de regalías petroleras, accountability social, democracia local, Colombia. ABSTRACT: This article aims at analyzing the introduction of transparency and accountability standards for oil royalties’ management in Colombia. Through the study of the Royalties’ Investment Evaluation and Follow-Up Committees (CSIR), the article intends to understand if the social accountability mechanisms create new governance conditions in the oil sector. The first part presents the arguments that support the positioning of royalties’ management as a problematic topic on the public agenda. Then, the emergency of CSIR is described as a response to such problem, analyzing the elements that make possible its development and the new type of State- Society interactions engendered through its implementation at the local level. Finally, the article presents some questions about the democratic content and the real scope of these new governance conditions. Key words: governance, oil royalties’ management, social accountability, local democracy, Colombia.
Antes de que anochezca. Derechos humanos y clases medias en Argentina antes y en los inicios del golpe de Estado de 1976
Authors: Carassai Sebastián
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: En este trabajo se analiza el tema de los derechos humanos en Argentina antes y durante el comienzo del golpe de Estado de 1976 (1970-1977). Se argumenta que la inexistencia de una conciencia social sobre tales derechos en la primera mitad de la década y el temprano y extendido consenso en torno a lo que más tarde se llamará «teoría de los dos demonios» son dos elementos fundamentales a la hora de explicar la actitud de las clases medias no radicalizadas políticamente ante el surgimiento del discurso de los derechos humanos en Argentina. ABSTRACT: This study explores the issue of human rights in Argentina in the period before and at the beginning of the 1976 coup d’état (1970-1977). It claims that the absence of a social conscience about human rights in the first part of the decade and the early and huge consensus about what later would be called «the two demons theory» are two essential elements to explain the attitude of the middle classes not involved in political struggle toward the emergence of a human rights discourse in Argentina.
Tras el legado de Marlow: novelas cubanas de hoy
Authors: López Magdalena
Published: January 2021

ElpresenteartículoesunestudiocomparativodelasnovelascubanasEllibro de larealidad(2001)deArturoArango,LasbestiasdeRonaldoMenéndez(2006),Paisajede otoño(1998)deLeonardoPadurayCienbotellasenunapared(2002)deEnaLucíaPortela.Lasobras coincidenenlanecesidaddedeconstruir losparámetrosidentitariosyteleológicosdeldiscurso revolucionarioaltiempoque,lasúltimasdos,lejosdeanunciarelfindelahistoria,sugierennuevasposibilidadesdeagenciamientoquese resistenala debaclepostutópica.
La ayuda para el comercio en América Latina: análisis y caracterización de los flujos
Authors: Rueda-Junquera Fernando , Gozalo-Delgado Mariola
Published: January 2021

La Iniciativa de la Ayuda para el Comercio, lanzada en 2005 durante la Sexta Conferencia Ministerial de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, pretende articular una estrategia coherente de apoyo al comercio como motor de crecimiento y reducción de la pobreza en los países en desarrollo. Se ha ampliado tanto el alcance conceptual de este tipo de intervenciones (sobrepasando los límites de la clásica asistencia técnica) como la cobertura de países beneficiarios (teniendo en cuenta no sólo a los países menos avanzados, sino también a los países de renta media –entre ellos, los latinoamericanos–). El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y analizar las principales características de los flujos de ayuda para el comercio en el caso de 17 países latinoamericanos, valorando hasta qué punto dichas características se adecuan a las necesidades y prioridades de los países receptores.
"Hungría mártir" – el noticiario español y la revolución húngara de 1956
Authors: Patkós Bence Gergő
Published: January 2021

Uno de los acontecimientos más destacados de la historia de Hungría en el siglo XX fue la revolución de 1956, cuya repercusión internacional fue considerable también. En este ensayo intento contestar a la pregunta sobre cómo el NO-DO (Noticiarios y Documentales) de la España franquista, uno de los instrumentos de propaganda más importantes del régimen, representaba los sucesos revolucionarios que se estaban desarrollando en Hungría. En primer lugar, voy a presentar el contexto histórico de Hungría y España y sus relaciones diplomáticas, luego el carácter de la propaganda y del noticiario en España. En la segunda parte del ensayo, mediante el análisis de los noticiarios accesibles en un archivo digitalizado en Internet, expongo la repercusión española de la revolución a través de los noticiarios e intento explicar por qué era útil la revolución para el gobierno español en su propaganda.
La velocidad de articulación en la enseñanza de ELE
Authors: Kovács Dorottya
Published: January 2021

En la presente investigación se analiza la velocidad de articulación, es decir, la rapidez de la producción de los signos lingüísticos, en el habla semiespontánea. Comparamos la velocidad media de cuatro dialectos del español (madrileño, andaluz, mexicano y rioplatense), para tener la respuesta a la pregunta si se habla más rápidamente en Europa que en América. Además, investigamos la velocidad de articulación de estudiantes hungaroparlantes de nivel B2 para ver si sus valores son más lentos que los de los nativos, y si es necesario el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas de los alumnos. Nuestros resultados muestran que (i) no hay una diferencia considerable entre los cuatro dialectos del español analizados, aunque el español mexicano resulta ser el más rápido; (ii) la velocidad de habla de los estudiantes húngaros es significativamente más lenta que el valor medio de la velocidad de cualquier dialecto analizado del español.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan from Prawn Shells and Study of Its Effects on Weight Loss of Myrica esculenta Fruits
Authors: POKHREL S. , SHAH S , ADHIKARI H.S.
Published: January 2021

In this work, chitin and chitosan were obtained from prawn shell wastages by chemical treatment method. Structural characterization of chitin and chitosan by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 13C NMR clearly showed the formation of chitosan from chitin. The physico-chemical properties of chitosan viz. molecular weight, moisture content, ash content and degree of deacetylation (DD) were analyzed. The optimum condition of deacetylation process to obtain chitosan from chitin was analyzed. The FTIR spectra showed the characteristic peaks corresponding to hydroxy, acetamido and amino functionalities of chitosan obtained from partial deacetylation of chitin and the solid state 13C NMR showed the formation of chitosan with characteristic peaks. XRD showed the shifting of crystallinity phases showing more crystallinity of chitin than chitosan. XPS spectrum of prepared chitin with the peaks corresponding to N, C and O binding energy was analogous to the standard. The effect of chitosan coating in extension of postharvest life of Kaphal (Myrica esculenta) fruits was investigated and chitosan coating was observed to have a potential to prolong storage life, control decay and weight loss.
ab initio Study on the π-π Stacking and Halogen Interaction in
Chlorobenzene Systems in Comparison to Chloro Substituted Ethenes
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Ahmed Benzir , Upadhyaya Madhab , Bezbaruah Mrinal Jyoti , Ali Ibrahim , Bezbaruah Bipul
Published: January 2021

This study emphasizes on the π-π stacking and halogen interaction among chlorobenzene in comparison
to the interactions in chloro substituted ethene systems. Studies of the stacked chlorobenzene systems,
reveal that the π-π stacking interactions energy of the staggered conformation (dihedral angle 120º)
gives much more stable stacked model than that of others. We have also studied the variation of π-π
stacking interaction in chloro substituted ethene systems (monochloroethene, dichloroethene,
trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene) to compare the change in interaction energy values. Among all
the chloro substituted ethene systems, stacked tetrachloroethene monomer gives more stable
conformation with more negative interaction energy value.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DO CURSO TRANSENEM E O ACESSO À EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR
Authors: Itaqui Cintia , Ziliotto Denise Macedo
Published: January 2021

O artigo analisa a experiência do curso transENEM enquanto dispositivo de acesso à Educação Superior, situando historicamente sua origem e percurso, o ingresso e permanência dos/as alunos/as, os níveis de participação e decisão institucionais, e também identificando dimensões sociais e pedagógicas desta oferta educativa. A investigação qualitativa, descritiva e com delineamento de estudo de caso teve como instrumentos entrevistas, documentos, observação participante, comunicações do coletivo e de seus membros nas redes sociais, fotos e atas das assembleias, analisados sob a perspectiva hermenêutica. Conquistas importantes foram identificadas, não somente em relação à aprovação nos exames e consequente acesso à universidade, mas relativos ao engajamento das/os alunas/os, à ampliação de oportunidades profissionais, à formação de uma rede de apoio para os discentes e ainda à participação nos espaços públicos.
MASCULINIDADES POSTAS À PROVA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: O QUE AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS TÊM A VER COM ISSO?
Authors: Jorge de Freitas Claudia , Dias Gabriella de Oliveira , Baião Jonê Carla
Published: January 2021

Apresentamos neste texto, a partir de relatos de duas professoras/autoras, dos anos iniciais de uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro, um debate sobre produção curricular como política pública para o ensino das diversidades e questões de gênero, em especial masculinidades. Partindo das narrativas e entendendo-as como elementos potencializadores da reflexão/ação/ressignificação, buscamos responder as seguintes questões: como as famílias lidam com as construções acerca das masculinidades de seus filhos? Como se constituem essas masculinidades? De quais modos as políticas públicas podem contribuir para essas discussões? O cotidiano da escola é crucial para aprender, se constituir e saber se relacionar com os outros de forma respeitosa. Nesse sentido as políticas públicas e, mais precisamente, o currículo - que surge baseado nessas políticas, é também o fazer dos sujeitos na escola e considerado um dos pilares na construção dos saberes docentes e discentes, incluindo as construções das identidades e, consequentemente, das diferenças.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ADSORPTION-DESORPTION DEVICE
Authors: Gabrišová Ľudmila , Peciar Peter , Macho Oliver , Juriga Martin , Galbavá Paulína , Nižnanská Žofia , Kubinec Róbert , Valent Ivan , Peciar Marián
Published: January 2021

The aim of this work was to construct a new adsorption-desorption device based on the principle of separation of volatile organic compounds, e.g., ethanol. As an adsorbent, it is possible to use granulated activated carbon (GAC) in the adsorption and desorption process. In this study, two kinds of GACs were used and marked as GAC1 and GAC2. A particle size distribution and water vapour sorption for the selected GACs were measured. An experiment with distilled water was performed as a preliminary study of the new device’s functionality. After the determination of the time necessary for the adsorption and desorption, the experiments were carried out with a model mixture (5% v/v ethanol-water mixture), which resulted in a product with the ethanol content of 39.6 %. The main advantage of this device would be the potential competition of conventional distillation.
Determinants Of Risky Sexual Behaviours Among Adolescents In Secondary Schools In Rivers State: Implications For Counselling
Authors: Nwamadi Love
Published: January 2021

The study investigated determinants of risky sexual behaviours among adolescents in secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted the ex-post-facto research design. Four research questions as well as four corresponding hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised 14,784 senior secondary school students (SSS 1, 2 and 3) in the 16 public secondary schools in Obio/Akpor LGA of Rivers State. A sample of 300 adolescents was randomly and independently selected using purposive sampling technique. Four instruments (questionnaire) were used to collect data for the study. They include; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), Risky Sexual Behaviours Scale (RSBS), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and Peer Group Influence Scale (PGIS). The instruments were designed on a four point Likert scale of Strongly Agree (SA) =4, Agree (A) =3, Disagree (D) =2, and Strongly Disagree (SD) =1. The Cronbach Alpha reliability was used to establish the internal consistency reliability coefficients of 0.81, 0.73, 0.67 and 0.71 respectively. Responses to the research questions were answered with mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested with z-test statistics. The findings of the study revealed that emotional intelligence and peer pressure were significant determinants of risky sexual behaviours among adolescents in secondary school in Rivers State, whereas self-esteem and gender are not. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended among others that counsellors should readily offer practical assistance to adolescents experiencing sexuality problems to enable them develop healthy sexual behaviours and maintain healthy relationships with others.
The Semiotic Analysis of Cosmetic Advertisements on Facebook
Authors: Kalender Gulcin Ipek
Published: January 2021

The cosmetic industry is one of the major industries in the world, and it continually enhances with the current high-technology developments in the sector. Just from the very early ages, young girls have a curiosity about trying their mother’s make-up products and they satisfy their curiosity by doing make-up to their dolls. When girls become young women, they start trying a variety of cosmetic products and they wear make-up in order to look attractive for the opposite sex. Wearing make up helps women to feel content about their physical appearance. It increases the self-confidence of women and makes them happy, as it is a pleasurable activity. The cosmetic industry offers products, which are in abundance according to the taste of each women coming from different ranks in society. It surrounds women with cosmetic advertisements and draw their attention in the fashionable districts of the city, at shopping malls and through certain media tools such as women’s magazines and social media. The cosmetic industry is a part of the consumer culture, and it is also closely related with the ideal feminine beauty. It disseminates messages through advertisements that every woman should use cosmetic products in order to reach the ideal beauty, which is desired. This paper aims to portray how the white ideal beauty is portrayed on the Facebook pages of three cosmetic brands representing different characteristics in terms of class, social status, lifestyle, and aesthetics.
The issue of raw material security in Poland’s contemporary national security strategies
Authors: Kamprowski Rafał
Published: January 2021

This article examines the issue of ensuring raw material security as seen in the contemporary national security strategies of Poland. The temporal framework identified as “contemporary” indicates that the analysis embraced documents from the period 2003–2020, which mark a significant qualitative change in terms of defining and understanding security as an area which is not dominated by its hard, military aspect. The study aims to identify, discuss and compare various concepts of ensuring raw material security to Poland on the basis of the four strategies of Poland’s national security. The following research problems were formulated to achieve the research objectives defined in this way: to what extent is the issue of Poland’s raw material security present in the documents analyzed? What tools have the authors of the strategies employed to ensure security in Poland in terms of raw materials? What are the main difficulties in ensuring raw material security to Poland highlighted by the analyzed national security strategies? Are there any convergences in the visions of ensuring Poland’s raw material security presented in the analyzed strategies? The research questions formulated in this way served as the basis for the following research hypothesis: given an increase in non-military threats, the raw material-related dimension of security is increasingly emphasized in national security strategies. The research methods used in this article include the comparative method and source analysis. The technique of analysis was also used.
Micro/nano-structural evolution in spruce wood during soda pulping
Authors: Wagih Ahmed , Hasani Merima , Hall Stephen A. , Theliander Hans
Published: January 2021

Alkaline delignification of wood tissue is the core of the global pulping technology and the most prominent large-scale separation of the main wood components. This work aims at improved understanding of the interplay between the topochemistry of alkaline pulping and the associated morphological changes. Morphology and chemical structure of partially soda-delignified wood chips were studied combining X-ray tomography (XRT), X-ray diffraction analysis and compositional characterization (lignin and carbohydrate content). The XRT studies of wet samples (providing 3D structural information without interfering drying effects), allowed observation of the cell wall separation as an increasing amount of lignin was removed with the increasing pulping time. Comparison between the microstructure of the surface and the central parts of the treated chips showed a more delignified microstructure at the surface, which highlights the dependence of the delignification process on the mass transport (hydroxide ions and lignin fragments) through the wood tissue. The crystallite size of cellulose increased in the <200> crystal planes during the early stage of pulping while there was little effect on the <110> plane.
A novel fractal model for the prediction and analysis of the equivalent thermal conductivity in wood
Authors: Zhao Jingyao , Guo Liangyan , Cai Yingchun
Published: January 2021

This study proposes a new fractal model to improve the accuracy of equivalent thermal conductivity (ETC) prediction for wood and determine how the wood’s pore structure influences ETC. Using fractal theory and mercury injection porosimetry data, a fractal model for the geometry of the wood’s pore structure was built. The geometric model was then transformed into an equivalent thermal resistance model to calculate ETC. The calculations produced an explicit expression for ETC derived from the wood’s structural parameters including the minimum and maximum pore apertures, aperture distribution, porosity, and fractal dimension. The model also includes a probability factor. The simulated ETC produced by the model was validated by experiments and it was found to be in good agreement with these. These simulation results will be used to study the influence of several factors on ETC. The proposed model has the potential to be able to predict and analyzing other wood properties such as its electrical conductivity, diffusivity, and permeability and the model can likely also be used to analyze other porous materials.
Thermal modification kinetics and chemistry of poplar wood in dry and saturated steam media
Authors: Marcon Bertrand , Tondi Gianluca , Procino Lorenzo , Goli Giacomo
Published: January 2021

This research work presents a modelling strategy to analyse thermal conversion rates of two thermal wood modification processes based on time-temperature superposition method. It gathers in a single study different original and bibliographic experimental works analysing the dry mass variation that occurs during thermal and hydro-thermal wood modification processes. The mass loss kinetic was successfully modelled using a modified Arrhenius approach. The time-temperature superposition method allowed to define for each wood modification process a master curve and its time shift depending on the treatment temperature. The analysis of ventilated oven and saturated steam treatments pointed out the existence of a continuous single kinetic for the ventilated oven which became more complex for saturated steam since a second kinetic stage appeared. This kinetic difference was sustained by infrared spectra chemical analysis which showed that hemicelluloses degraded much faster in presence of steam while lignin degradation occurred in both conditions.
Oak wood drying: precipitation of crystalline ellagic acid leads to discoloration
Authors: Felhofer Martin , Bock Peter , Xiao Nannan , Preimesberger Christoph , Lindemann Martin , Hansmann Christian , Gierlinger Notburga
Published: January 2021

Oak heartwood usually darkens during and after drying. This darkening can be heterogeneous, leaving non-colored areas in the wood board. These light discolorations have been linked to heterogeneous distribution of tannins, but compelling evidence on the microscale is lacking. In this study Raman and fluorescence microscopy revealed precipitations of crystalline ellagic acid, especially in the ray cells but also in lumina, cell corners and cell walls in the non-colored areas (NCA), which also had higher density. In these denser areas free water is longer present during drying and leads to accumulation of hydrolyzed tannins. When eventually falling dry, these tannins precipitate irreversible as non-colored ellagic acid and are not available for chemical reactions leading to darkening of the wood. Therefore, pronounced density fluctuations in wood boards require adjusting the drying and processing parameters so that water domains and ellagic acid precipitations are avoided during drying.
Prediction and analysis of redox-sensitive cysteines using machine learning and statistical methods
Authors: Keßler Marcus , Wittig Ilka , Ackermann Jörg , Koch Ina
Published: January 2021

Reactive oxygen species are produced by a number of stimuli and can lead both to irreversible intracellular damage and signaling through reversible post-translational modification. It is unclear which factors contribute to the sensitivity of cysteines to redox modification. Here, we used statistical and machine learning methods to investigate the influence of different structural and sequence features on the modifiability of cysteines. We found several strong structural predictors for redox modification. Sensitive cysteines tend to be characterized by higher exposure, a lack of secondary structure elements, and a high number of positively charged amino acids in their close environment. Our results indicate that modified cysteines tend to occur close to other post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylated serines. We used these features to create models and predict the presence of redox-modifiable cysteines in human mitochondrial complex I as well as make novel predictions regarding redox-sensitive cysteines in proteins.