bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Madame de Staël. La littérature comme «philosophie sensible»
Authors: Lotterie Florence
Published: August 2010

Résumé On se propose de mettre en évidence la «philosophie littéraire» (selon la formule de P. Macherey) de Madame de Staël à partir de son idée, selon laquelle toute représentation littéraire relève, avec ses moyens propres, d’un regard philosophique sur le monde et le sens de l’existence. Cette part du «philosophique» s’inscrit dans une conception du progrès: la littérature est perfectible (et signale la perfectibilité de l’esprit humain) en ce qu’elle est découverte et approfondissement à travers l’histoire d’une expérience de l’intériorité en forme de crise : c’est ce qu’exprime la notion centrale de «mélancolie», qui autorise l’appréhension de l’expérience littéraire comme porteuse d’universel. En effet, l’origine comme l’horizon de l’écriture est le conflit des passions, l’écart entre idéal et réalité, soit un conflit fondamental de l’homme moderne qui non seulement requiert le secours externe de la philosophie (laquelle comprend la morale et les interrogations religieuses), mais se définit en soi comme philosophique.
L'économie saisie par la statistique
Authors: Klotz Gérard
Published: August 2010

Aujourd’hui, le citoyen est censé ne pas ignorer les innombrables données économico-sociales transmises par les différents médias. Ces informations, qui alimentent le débat démocratique, sont le produit d’une longue histoire qui commence au XVIII e siècle. Mais c’est surtout au XIX e siècle que le mouvement s’accélère. Dans cet article, à partir des écrits d’auteurs particulièrement représentatifs, on montre que les publications statistiques, que ce soit pour leur nombre ou leur objet d’études, sont liées à la nature plus ou moins centralisée des régimes politiques et aux grandes questions économiques et sociales en discussion durant le siècle. La statistique apparaît bien comme le « miroir de l’histoire » mais, en ce qui concerne la science économique, force est de constater que le résultat est moins glorieux. En effet, les statistiques et les mathématiques se sont développées parallèlement et il faudra attendre le milieu du XX e siècle pour qu’elles soient intégrées dans ce qu’on appelle des modèles économétriques.
Entre nébulosité et évidence, le style d'auteur
Authors: Saint-Gérand Jacques-Philippe
Published: August 2010

En assignant au style les limites de l’homme, en réduisant le style à l’expression verbale d’irréductibles idiosyncrasies, la pensée du langage en cours de développement dans les deux premiers tiers du XIX e siècle a rendu plus complexe et plus problématique un objet que les deux siècles précédents avait rationalisé comme étant simplement la manière générale de composer et d’écrire. Depuis cette époque, il ne saurait y avoir de style sans écart et singularité, de l’esthétique au politique en passant par l’éthique. Et, conséquemment, sans prise de risque à l’endroit des opinions courantes et des idées reçues. C’est ainsi que l’auteur est peu à peu devenu, au sens étymologique, une vedette de la littérature industrielle et un produit des idéologies, auquel la stylistique naissante concédait l’incertaine aura historique d’un art d’écrire.
Une fronde contre Eliott Ness
Authors: Veyrat-Masson Isabelle
Published: August 2010

Résumé La France a entretenu avant même la Seconde guerre mondiale une relation de résistance à l’égard de l’arrivée massive de la culture de masse américaine. La télévision reprend là partir des années 1980 le « combat » mené par le cinéma. Aides de l’État, limitations, deals internationaux ou accords politiques illustrent la relation dialectique entre les demandes du public, les exigences économiques, les discours politiques mais aussi les qualités des programmes eux-mêmes. Les résultats sont parfois surprenants comme le montre l’article.
Le journalisme de Maupassant et Mallarmé : discours et pratiques (1880-1890)
Authors: Campaignolle-Catel Hélène
Published: August 2010

Résumé Dans le dernier tiers du xix e  siècle les changements qui interviennent dans la production et la réception de l’écrit, ainsi que l’évolution du champs littéraire, remettent en question les limites de la littérature. Un débat s’ouvre alors entre littérature et journalisme, au sein duquel s’illustrent les figures antithétiques de Mallarmé et de Maupassant, l’un refusant tout simplement l’art évocatoire du récit quel que soit ce récit ; l’autre usant plutôt de la littérature pour construire une fiction critique autour du monde de la presse. Cependant, quoiqu’opposés, ces deux écrivains subissent l’influence du genre journalistique et nouent avec lui un dialogue constant et créatif, dessinant les contours d’un entre-deux de la littérature et de son autre, et questionnant les principes même de la fiction.
Témoignage, propagande et espace littéraire. L'exemple d'Espagne, Espagne ! de Jean-Richard Bloch
Authors: Figuerola Carme
Published: August 2010

Résumé Jean-Richard Bloch, en dépit de son admiration pour Cervantès connaissait mal l’Espagne. Cependant, à l’été 1936, en raison de ses engagements idéologiques, il fut mandaté par le Front Populaire afin de prendre contact avec le camp républicain et il se rendit dans différentes villes. De cette expérience naquit un livre témoignage, Espagne, Espagne ! un recueil d’articles, en fait, composé en urgence et destiné à alerter l’opinion publique française. Texte propagandiste, l’œuvre est aussi une création d’auteur. L’article montre comment s’y entremêlent des styles et des types d’écriture variés, entre le carnet de route, le reportage et l’essai, confondus dans une démarche à la fois militante et littéraire.
Knowledge and Nursing Practice of Critical Care Nurses Caring for Patients with Delirium in Intensive Care Units in Jordan
Authors: Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. , Farhan Ne’ameh Abbas , Othman Elham Hani , Yacoub Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: August 2010

Delirium can have serious consequences in terms of morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. An extensive literature review showed that delirium is not well understood, recognized, or managed by medical and nursing professionals. The goal for this study was to determine the level of knowledge and management skills among critical care nurses caring for patients with delirium who were treated in intensive care units (ICUs) in Jordan. A total of 232 critical care nurses, employed in different ICUs in Jordan, completed self-reported questionnaires. The nurses in critical care units who completed the questionnaires identified a need for more delirium-specific knowledge and skills to assess and manage this condition more effectively. To enhance health outcomes for patients treated in the ICU who have delirium, nurses need to receive education on current assessment and management modalities. These regular education programs should be complemented with evaluative research focusing on both nursing care and patient outcomes.
Kyphoplasty Does not Maintain All Restored Height Postoperatively: A Prospective, Comparative Study
Authors: Zhao Yi-Lei , Yang Hui-Lin , Konrad Joseph , Liu Jiayong , Moral Muhammad , Xu Yao-Zeng , Geng De-Chun , Ebraheim Nabil A.
Published: August 2010

From January to December 2008, balloon kyphoplasty was performed on 45 consecutive female patients with primary single-segment vertebral compression fractures as an inpatient procedure. All of the treated vertebral bodies were located within the thora-columbar region (T11-L2). Demographic data such as age, body mass index, fracture age, hospital stay, lumbar spine bone mineral density, and amount of bone cement injected per vertebrae were recorded. Patients were analyzed clinically by ambulatory status and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Lateral radiographs were used to measure changes in anterior vertebral height. Mean anterior vertebral height increased from 58.9%±12.50% pre-kyphoplasty to 79.8%±7.12% post-kyphoplasty (
P
<.001).

Two groups were defined based on the percentage of height restoration achieved: group A (18 patients) with a height restoration of at least 20%, and group B (27 patients) with a height restoration of 0% to 19.99% post-kyphoplasty. Mean anterior vertebral height restored in groups A and B was 28.2%±7.2% and 12.1%±6.2%, respectively (
P
<.05). Four patients in group A and none in group B had height loss at the treated vertebral level (
P
<.05). Both VAS and ambulatory status were improved after treatment (
P
<.05) with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Kyphoplasty can restore the collapsed vertebral height, but patients with greater height restoration were more vulnerable to a loss of corrected height.
The Dynamics of Proximal Femoral Nails: A Clinical Comparison Between PFNA and Targon PF
Authors: Wild Michael , Jungbluth Pascal , Thelen Simon , Laffrée Quirine , Gehrmann Sebastian , Betsch Marcel , Windolf Joachim , Hakimi Mohssen
Published: August 2010

The objective of this study comparing the proximal femoral nails Targon PF (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA; Synthes. Oberdorf, Switzerland) was to observe the complications and postoperative results following pertrochanteric femoral fracture fixation, with special attention devoted to the dynamic properties of both implants under physiological load in vivo. The survey was designed as a randomized, prospective study of 80 patients who had sustained a pertrochanteric femoral fracture (AO type 31.A2). Postoperative radiological and clinical examinations were conducted over a period of 12 months on 40 respective patients treated with a PFNA or a Targon PF nail. Average operative time was 66.2 minutes and average fluoroscopy time was 103.6 seconds in the PFNA group, which was significantly lower than in the Targon PF group (84.7 minutes and 164.5 seconds, respectively). No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of range of motion (
P
=.26) or Harris Hip Score (
P
=.83). The femoral neck components of the Targon PF showed a significantly higher sliding ability (14.5 mm;
P
=.04) than the PFNA (11.1 mm).

Both implants are suited to treat pertrochanteric femoral fractures and display comparable clinical results. The Targon PF demonstrates better dynamic properties than the PFNA under physiological load in vivo. A disadvantage of the Targon PF, however, is the more complicated surgical technique and the longer operative time.
Correlative Study of Nerve Root Palsy and Cervical Posterior Decompression Laminectomy and Internal Fixation
Authors: Liu Tielong , Zou Weiwei , Han Yu , Wang Yan
Published: August 2010

This study investigates the probable causes of nerve root palsy through the retrospective study of pre- and postoperative cervical curvature change for patients with cervical spondylosis and incidences of nerve root palsy. A consecutive series of 91 patients with cervical compressive myelopathy treated by laminectomy and internal fixation were reviewed. Nerve root palsy developed in 21 of 91 patients (23%) (group A). The other 70 patients, 41 men and 29 women, were chosen as controls (group B). A neutral lateral cervical spine radiograph was taken of all patients. The overall curvature of the cervical spine, the cervical curvature index, and the change rate were measured and compared.

The pre- and postoperative change rate of cervical curvatures in groups A and B was 19.17±7.62 and 18.03±7.62, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (
P
>.05). The pre- and postoperative cervical curvature index change rate in groups A and B was 17.52±3.46 and 12.43±4.12, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (
P
<. 05). This indicated the cervical alignment of patients in group A was changed greatly by traction during operation.

In this study, we found that tethering the nerve root caused C5 palsy, but excessive intraoperative traction and the use of internal fixation may be one of the most important reasons for this. The cervical curvature index change rate reflected both a change in cervical height and a change in the overall cervical curvature. It is more sensitive in reflecting the degree of cervical traction and the change of the cervical alignment.
Serum TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 Are Increased and Positively Correlated to Pain, Functionality, and Radiographic Staging in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kapetanakis Stilianos , Drygiannakis Ioannis , Kazakos Kostantinos , Papanas Nikolaos , Kolios George , Kouroumalis Elias , Verettas Dionysios-Alexandros
Published: August 2010

The goal of this study was to verify or reject the hypothesis that systematic differences exist in various profibrotic or antifibrotic factors between osteoarthritic patients and controls, as well as between different stages of osteoarthritis. The study group comprised 63 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 18 controls. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1, -2, -3; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 protein levels; and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, -9 activities were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gelatin zymography, respectively. Visual analog scale scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, Lequesne clinical osteoarthritis scales, and Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading were recorded for each patient.

Transforming growth factor-β2 and -3 (in contrast to TGF-β1 and TIMP-1) serum protein levels were significantly higher in osteoarthritic patients compared to controls (210%±14% [P<.001] and 232%±7% [P<10−7], respectively). Additionally, TGF-β2 and -3 were strongly positively correlated to Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading of the disease (P<10−5andP<10−7, respectively). Moreover, TGF-β2 correlated positively with the WOMAC scale (P=.007). However, TIMP-1 decreased as osteoarthritis progressed clinically, but remained irrelevant to radiographic staging. Furthermore, activities of MMP-2 and -9, but not MMP-1±3, were lower in patients with osteoarthritis.
Surgical Treatment of Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries Using a Modified Weaver-Dunn Procedure and Clavicular Hook Plate
Authors: Liu Hsin-Hua , Chou Yi-Jiun , Chen Chi-Hui , Chia Wei-Tso , Wong Chi-Yin
Published: August 2010

Various surgical procedures have been described for the treatment of complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation, but no consensus exists on the optimal therapy. The aim of each type of procedure is to stabilize the clavicle by substitution of the ruptured coracoclavicular ligaments. Treatment modalities have changed with increasing understanding of the nature of the problem and the biomechanics of the joint. This article presents a method consisting of a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure and a clavicular hook plate for the operative management of acute acromioclavicular joint injuries.

We performed a retrospective study of 46 patients who had undergone a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure with a clavicular hook plate for acute acromioclavicular joint injuries between July 2002 and December 2006. Average follow-up was 36.6 months (range, 24–46 months). There was 1 skin-deep infection, 1 dislocation of the hook, and 2 redislocations of the acromioclavicular joint. Thirteen patients had some calcification between the clavicle and the coracoid process, which did not cause loss of motion or other symptoms. All but 1 patient returned to work, and all but 1 returned to their preoperative activity level. The mean Constant score was 88.2 points. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score was 12.2 points.

Treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint injuries using a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure and a clavicular hook plate showed good short-term clinical results with a low complication rate. Further investigation and long-term results are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Long-Term Results of Metasul Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Saito Shu , Ishii Takao , Mori Sei , Hosaka Kunihiro , Ootaki Munenori , Tokuhashi Yasuaki
Published: August 2010

We assessed 90 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed with the Metasul metal-on-metal hip system (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana); the patients were monitored for >10 years. The average Harris Hip Score of the patients was 40.5 points preoperatively and 85.8 points at final follow-up. No adverse reactions to the metal debris were observed in patients presenting with symptoms or phenomena such as unexplained pain, joint effusion, bursitis, or pseudotumor. Radiographically, the acetabular component fixation was stable in 86 hips, possibly unstable in 3 hips, and unstable in 1 hip. The unstable hip required revision of the acetabular component. The femoral component was bone-ingrown in 81 hips and stable-fibrous in 9 hips. Distal femoral cortical hypertrophy was seen in 34.4% of hips.

Postoperatively, 6 hips dislocated, of which 2 developed recurrent dislocation and required revision of the acetabular component. Dissociation of the polyethylene liner occurred in 2 hips 6 and 12 years postoperatively, respectively, and required revision of the polyethylene liner and the articular head. The survival rate with the endpoint defined as revision surgery and radiologic loosening was 94.4% at mean follow-up (12.3 years). This study found that the Metasul metal-on-metal THA produces excellent long-term results.
Outcome of Nonoperative vs Operative Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Retrospective Study of 213 Patients
Authors: Denard Antony , Richards Justin E. , Obremskey William T. , Tucker Michael C. , Floyd Mark , Herzog Greg A.
Published: August 2010

Standard treatment for most humeral shaft fractures is nonoperative functional bracing; however, certain clinical scenarios necessitate operative intervention. There have been few studies in the literature comparing nonoperative and operative fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Two-hundred thirteen adult patients with a humeral shaft fracture who satisfied inclusion criteria were treated at 2 level 1 trauma centers with either a functional brace (nonoperative treatment group) or compression plating (operative treatment group). Main outcome measures were evaluated retrospectively and included time to union, nonunion, malunion, infection, incidence of radial nerve palsy, and elbow range of motion (ROM). The occurrence of nonunion (20.6% vs 8.7%;
P
=.0128) and malunion (12.7% vs 1.3%;
P
=.0011) was statistically significant and more common in the nonoperative group. There was no significant difference in infection rate between nonoperative and operative treatment (3.2% vs 4.7%;
P
=1.0000). Radial nerve palsy presented after fracture treatment in 9.5% of patients in the nonoperative group and in 2.7% of patients managed operatively (
P
=.0678). No difference in time to union or ultimate ROM was found between the 2 groups. Closed treatment of humerus fractures had a significantly higher rate of nonunion and malunion while operative intervention demonstrated no significant differences in time to union, infection, or iatrogenic radial nerve palsy. Nonoperative management has historically been the treatment of choice for many humeral shaft fractures, however, in certain clinical scenarios these fractures may be well served by compression plating.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Acute Septic Arthritis After Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Bae Ji-Hoon , Lim Hong-Chul , Kim Hak Jun , Kim Taik-Sun , Yang Jae-Hyuk , Yoon Jung-Ro
Published: August 2010

We present the 30-month follow-up results of an acute septic arthritis of the knee after meniscal allograft transplantation, which was successfully treated with graft retention. A 21-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of right knee pain following arthroscopic subtotal lateral meniscectomy. Plain radiographs showed there was no arthritic change with neutral limb alignment. Fourteen days after meniscal allograft transplantation, septic arthritis was confirmed with positive cultures for
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, and arthroscopic debridement and irrigation were performed. The suggested procedures of our treatment regimen include arthroscopic debridement and irrigation with ≥10 L of normal saline as soon as possible after diagnosis or a clinical suspicion is reached, repeated irrigation under the local anesthesia and intravenous antibiotics until clinical symptoms and laboratory results improve. The decision to repeat the debridement was based on clinical and laboratory results. We reevaluated the patients the third or fourth day after every arthroscopic treatment. At last follow-up, 2 years after the final operation, the patient had no clinical sign of infection. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level were normal and plain radiographs indicated no arthritic change. Further the patient had full pain-free range of knee motion. At this time the Lysholm knee score was 89 and the Tegner score was 5. Magnetic resonance imaging 30 months postoperatively revealed slight (3 mm) extrusion without tear. This case is notable because it shows that early aggressive arthroscopic debridement and repeated irrigation with graft retention can be an effective treatment regimen in selected cases.
Diabetic Neuroarthropathy of the Shoulder
Authors: Clayton Matthew , Taylor Benjamin C. , Backes Jeffrey
Published: August 2010

Neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle is a relatively common complication of diabetes mellitus. Likewise, neuroarthropathy of the shoulder has been well reported in relation to syringomyelia. Diabetes mellitus, however, has rarely been reported to cause neuroarthropathy of any joint in the upper extremity and has never previously been reported in the shoulder. This article presents a case of a 77-year-old woman who presented with a secondary complaint of mild right shoulder pain, which had been present since she sustained a proximal humerus fracture four months earlier. The patient’s past medical history was notably positive for diabetes mellitus with substantial peripheral neuropathy in the upper and lower extremities. Radiographic examination revealed significant degeneration of the humeral head, consistent with neuroarthropathy of the shoulder. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no syrinx within the spinal cord. The patient’s medical history included no etiologies of neuroarthropathy of the shoulder that had been previously reported in the literature. After a thorough literature review, we believe this to be the first case of diabetic shoulder neuroarthropathy to be documented. No significant differences in clinical or radiographic presentations appear to be present between reported etiologies of this pathology, including diabetes mellitus. Consequently, we recommend that diabetes mellitus always be considered as an etiology in the differential diagnosis of neuroarthropathy of the shoulder.
Dissatisfaction After Bilateral Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation: An Electrophysiology Study
Authors: Shimizu Kimiya , Ito Misae
Published: August 2010

Purpose:

To resolve patient dissatisfaction after bilateral diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, a multifocal IOL was exchanged for a monofocal IOL in the dominant eye. The relationship between dissatisfaction and pattern visual evoked cortical potential (P-VECP) was analyzed.

Methods:

A 49-year-old man and a 71-year-old woman were implanted with diffractive multifocal IOLs bilaterally. Despite good binocular visual acuity after bilateral multifocal IOL implantation, each patient experienced persistent dissatisfaction with quality and sharpness of vision even when using spectacles and contact lenses. A multifocal IOL was exchanged for a monofocal IOL in the dominant eye of each patient. Pattern visual evoked cortical potential was measured in each patient and the average of each component was calculated.

Results:

After IOL exchange in the dominant eye, P-VECP amplitude increased, peak latency improved, and the patients’ symptoms disappeared.

Conclusions:

Monofocal IOL exchange in the dominant eye is an effective approach for dissatisfaction after bilateral multifocal IOL implantation.
NEW TREATMENTS FOR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
Authors: D'Alò Francesco , Greco Mariangela , Criscuolo Marianna , Voso Maria Teresa
Published: August 2010

In the last decade, significant advances have been made in the treatment of patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS).  Although best supportive care continues to have an important role in the management of MDS, todate the therapeutic approach is diversified according to IPSS risk group, karyotype, patient’s age, comorbidities, and compliance. Hematopoietic growth factors play a major role in lower risk MDS patients, and include high dose erithropoiesis stimulating agents, which were shown to prolong survival, and thrombopoietic receptor agonists. Standard supportive care should also include iron chelating therapy to reduce organ damage related to iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients. Biologic therapies have been introduced in MDS, with lenalidomide, which has been shown to induce transfusion independence in most patients with the 5q- Syndrome.  Hypomethylating agents have shown efficacy in INT-2/high risk MDS patients, reducing the risk of leukemic transformation and increasing survival. Other agents under development for the treatment of MDS include histone deacetylase inhibitors, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, clofarabine and ezatiostat.
Correcting porewater concentration measurements from peepers: Application of a reverse tracer
Authors: Thomas Burt , Arthur Michael A.
Published: August 2010

This work describes the routine application of a reverse tracer to passive diffusion sampler deployments. The reverse tracer provides evidence of the extent of equilibrium for any peeper cell and an indication of the diffusivity change with depth associated with physical changes in the sediment. Quantitative measurement of the reverse tracer also allows for the correction of measured data within cells that may not have reached chemical equilibrium, thereby removing the requirement of a priori knowledge of the time to concentration equilibrium. Investigations that use ion chromatographic techniques that incidentally measure Br− or other conservative tracers can apply this method with no additional analytical requirements. Our approach opens up peeper applications to shorter duration deployments as required for marine sediment sampled by submersibles and deployments in environments with uncertain or unknown equilibration times such as highly heterogeneous sediments. We present a novel peeper design as well as the theory and application of this technique along with an example from a field deployment. We conclude that corrections that assume a simple approximation of exponential tracer decay are a considerable improvement over the reliance on observed measured values from porewater dialysis samplers. Moreover, even without using the reverse tracer to correct measured cell concentrations, the reverse tracer can point to significant divergences from concentration equilibrium and is useful to determine which cell measurements should be discarded.
The effect of the global UV irradiance measurement accuracy on the single scattering albedo retrieval
Authors: Kazadzis S. , Gröbner J. , Arola A. , Amiridis V.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The possibility of measuring aerosol optical absorption properties in the UV spectral range such as single scattering albedo (SSA), using remote sensing techniques, is currently an open scientific issue. We investigate the limitations on calculating column average SSA using a combination of global UV spectral measurements (that are comon in various UV monitoring stations worldwide) with radiative transfer modeling. To point out the difficulties in such a retrieval we have used the travelling reference spectroradiometer QASUME (Quality Assurance of Spectral Ultraviolet Measurements in Europe) results from 27 visits to UV monitoring stations around Europe. We have used the QASUME instrument as relative reference, analyzing absolute differences and also temporal and spectral deviations of UV irraidances, that are used as basic input for the SSA retrieval. The results comparing the mean SSA derived by all instruments, measuring synchronous UV spectra, showed that 5 were within ± 0.02 difference from the SSA calculated from the QASUME instrument, while 17 were within ± 0.04, for the Solar zenith angle of 60 degrees. As for the uncertainty that has been calculated using the 2σ standard deviation of the spectral measurements, a mean 0.072 and 0.10 (2σ) uncertainties have been calculated for 60° and 30°, respectively. Based on the fact that additional uncertainties would be introduced in the SSA retrieval from AOD model input accuracy, assymetry parameter assumptions, we show that only very few instrumnents could be able to detect long term SSA changes. However, such measurements/results ar useful in order to retrieve SSA at UV wavelengths, a product needed for various applications such as, inputs for modeling radiative forcing studies and satellite retrieval algorithms.
Detection and phylogenetic analysis of coastal bioaerosols using culture dependent and independent techniques
Authors: Urbano R. , Palenik B. , Gaston C. J. , Prather K. A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Bioaerosols are emerging as important yet poorly understood players in atmospheric processes. Microorganisms in the atmosphere have great potential to impact chemical and physical processes that influence global climateby participating in both ice nucleation and cloud droplet formation. The role of microorganisms in atmospheric processes is thought to be species-specific and, potentially, dependent on the viability of the cell; however, few simultaneous measurements of both parameters exist. Using a coastal pier monitoring site as a sampling platform to investigate the exchange of airborne microorganisms at the air-sea interface, culture independent (i.e. DNA clone libraries from filters) and culture dependent approaches (i.e. agar plates) were combined with 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene targeting to determine the microbial diversity. The results indicate that in these coastal air samples two fungal phyla, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, predominate among eukaryotes while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominate among bacteria. Furthermore, our culture dependent study verifies the viability of microbes from all four phyla detected through our culture independent study. Contrary to our expectations and despite oceanic air mass sources, common marine planktonic bacteria and phytoplankton were not abundantly found in our air samples indicating the potential importance of bioaerosols derived from beaches and/or coastal erosion processes.
Flow Patterns in Sudden Expansions and Their Relevance to Understanding the Behaviour of Spray Dryers
Authors: Guo B. , Fletcher D.F. , Langrish T.A.G.
Published: August 2010

The relevance of understanding the fundamental fluid dynamics behaviour inside spray dryers is demonstrated in this work, with such understanding being particularly important in studying the flow stability and wall deposition behaviour. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, with the standard k‐ε model for turbulence, can predict the regular oscillatory behaviour of the inlet air jets observed experimentally in two‐dimensional planar sudden expansions and three‐dimensional axisymmetric expansions. In addition, CFD can predict experimentally‐observed Strouhal numbers very closely (within 10%) for the precession of the central jet in sudden expansions with small expansion ratios of about two, over a range of swirl numbers from zero up to vortex breakdown. As the expansion ratio is increased, different modes are predicted as the swirl number is increased, in terms of the precession direction, spiral direction relative to the swirl direction, and presence of vortex breakdown. Finally, CFD simulations have been found to be applicable for predicting the precession frequencies of the central jet in real spray dryer geometries.
Structure and melt rheology of long‐chain branching polypropylene/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Su Feng‐Hua , Yan Jia‐Hua , Huang Han‐Xiong
Published: August 2010

Long‐chain branching polypropylene (LCB‐PP)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin‐screw extruder. The microstructure and melt rheology of these nanocomposites were investigated using x‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, oscillatory shear rheology, and melt elongation testing. The results show that, the clay layers are intercalated by polymer molecular chains and exfoliate well in LCB‐PP matrix in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted PP. Rheological characteristics, such as higher storage modulus at low‐frequency and solid‐like plateau in tan‐ω curve, indicate that a compact and stable filler network structure is formed when clay is loaded at 4 phr (parts per hundred parts of) or higher. The response of the nanocomposite under melt extension reveals an initial decrease in the melt strength and elongational viscosity with increasing clay concentration up to 6 phr. Later, the melt strength and elongational viscosity show slight increases with further increasing clay concentration. These results might be caused by a reduction in the molecular weight of the LCB‐PP matrix and by the intercalation of LCB‐PP molecular chains into the clay layers. Increases in the melt strength and elongational viscosity for the nanocomposites with decreasing extrusion temperature are also observed, which is due to flow‐induced crystallization under lower extrusion temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Laplace regression with censored data
Authors: Bottai Matteo , Zhang Jiajia
Published: August 2010

We consider a regression model where the error term is assumed to follow a type of asymmetric Laplace distribution. We explore its use in the estimation of conditional quantiles of a continuous outcome variable given a set of covariates in the presence of random censoring. Censoring may depend on covariates. Estimation of the regression coefficients is carried out by maximizing a non‐differentiable likelihood function. In the scenarios considered in a simulation study, the Laplace estimator showed correct coverage and shorter computation time than the alternative methods considered, some of which occasionally failed to converge. We illustrate the use of Laplace regression with an application to survival time in patients with small cell lung cancer.
Der Buntsandstein. Eine lebensfeindliche Wüste oder doch mehr?
Authors: Röhling Heinz‐Gerd , Heunisch Carmen
Published: August 2010

Während der Buntsandsteinzeit herrschte im “Germanischen Becken” ein kontinentales, semiarides bis arides Klima mit relativ hohen Temperaturen. Abgelagert wurden vor allem Sedimente, die aufgrund oxidierender Bedingungen häufig “bunt”, d.h. häufig rot gefärbt sind und meist weit verzweigte Flusssysteme und ausgedehnte Überflutungsebenen repräsentieren. Im Oberen Buntsandstein gab es eine Verbindung zum Tethysmeer. Die Eindampfung des Salzwassers führte zu mächtigen Evaporitlagen im tieferen Oberen Buntsandstein. Zeugnisse der Lebewelt und des Klimas sind z.B. Palynomorphe und die aus berühmten Fossilfundstellen bekannten Lebensgemeinschaften.
Medizinhistorisches Museum der Charité: eine Zeitreise durch die Medizingeschichte
Authors: Högermann Christiane
Published: August 2010

Das ursprüngliche Pestkrankenhaus, das 1727 von Friedrich Wilhelm I. seinen Namen “Charité” (“Barmherzigkeit”) erhielt, entwickelte sich über ein Armenkrankenhaus und Militärlazarett zu einer der größten Universitätskliniken Europas. So klangvolle Namen wie Paul Ehrlich, Robert Koch, Ferdinand Sauerbruch und der Zellbiologie Rudolf Virchow haben dort gewirkt und Medizingeschichte geschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide Reduction by Ethylene over Cu‐ZSM‐5 under Lean Conditions: Study of Reaction Dynamics by Transient Experiments.
Authors: CHO B. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion‐Exchanged Pillared Clays: A New Class of Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by Hydrocarbons and by Ammonia.
Authors: YANG R. T. , LI W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carboxylated Pyrrolidine Derivatives via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Homochiral Double‐Stabilized E‐Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: HARWOOD L. M. , LILLEY I. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Reduction of α‐Keto Esters: Utility of cis‐1‐Arylsulfonamido‐2‐indanols as Chiral Auxiliaries.
Authors: GHOSH A. K. , CHEN Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium(III) Chloride Promoted Nucleophilic Addition of Organolithium Reagents to α‐Alkyl‐β‐ketophosphine Oxides: A New Protocol for the Synthesis of Stereochemically Defined Trisubstituted Olefins.
Authors: BARTOLI G. , MARCANTONI E. , SAMBRI L. , TAMBURINI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Baker′s Yeast Reduction of Arylidenecycloalkanones.
Authors: FOGLIATO G. , FRONZA G. , FUGANTI C. , LANATI S. , RALLO R. , RIGONI R. , SERVI S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Trapping Reaction of N‐Boc Ethyl 3,4‐Dehydropyroglutamate with Cyclopentadiene.
Authors: EZQUERRA J. , PEDREGAL C. , COLLADO I. , YRURETAGOYENA B. , RUBIO A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Radical Rearrangements of Aryl, Furanyl and Thiophenyl Groups from Carbon to Nitrogen.
Authors: KIM S. , DO J. Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Triple Bond Reductions on Unsymmetrical 1,4‐ Diorganyl‐1,3‐butadiynes.
Authors: DABDOUB M. J. , DABDOUB V. B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of syn,syn; anti,syn; syn,anti; and anti,anti Stereotriads from a Single Pair of Enantiomeric Reagents.
Authors: MARSHALL J. A. , PERKINS J. F. , WOLF M. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,α‐Difluoro‐Functionalized Ketones.
Authors: QIU Z.‐M. , BURTON D. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐ and 4‐Substituted Cyclic α‐Amino Acids Structurally Related to ACPD.
Authors: ALONSO F. , MICO I. , NAJERA C. , SANSANO J. M. , YUS M. , EZQUERRA J. , YRURETAGOYENA B. , GRACIA I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons Approach to ((S)R)‐4‐Substituted 1‐p‐ Tolylsulfinyl‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: ARCE E. , CARRENO M. C. , CID M. B. , GARCIA RUANO J. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis and Resolution of (.+‐.)‐cis,cis‐2,2′‐ Spirobiindan‐1,1′‐diol.
Authors: NIEMAN J. A. , KEAY B. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of (2R,3S)‐(‐)‐ and (2S,3R)‐(+)‐2,3‐Epoxy‐2‐methylbutanoic Acids and Some of Their Esters.
Authors: TORRES‐VALENCIA J. M. , CERDA‐GARCIA‐ROJAS C. M. , JOSEPH‐NATHAN P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Template Effect of Pd(II) in the Synthesis of Differently Substituted Enantiopure γ‐Butyrolactones and Its Synthetic Applications.
Authors: ZHU G. , LU X.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spin‐Trapping Chemistry of 5,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐( trifluoromethyl)‐1‐pyrroline N‐Oxide.
Authors: JANZEN E. G. , ZHANG Y.‐K. , ARIMURA M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of New 2‐Substituted 5‐Phenyl‐6‐oxa‐4‐azaspiro( 2,4)hepten‐7‐one Derivatives.
Authors: WICK L. , TAMM C. , NEUBURGER M. , ZEHNDER M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,6‐Dioxoperhydropyrrolo(1,2‐a)pyrazines as Templates for Peptidomimetics.
Authors: MARTIN‐MARTINEZ M. , GARCIA‐LOPEZ T. , HERRANZ R. , GONZALEZ‐MUNIZ R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Cyclic Polysulfide, 2,4,6‐Tris(bis( trimethylsilyl)methyl)phenyloctathionane.
Authors: TAKEDA N. , TOKITOH N. , IMAKUBO T. , GOTO M. , OKAZAKI R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stable Germa‐imine: N‐2,4,6‐Trifluorophenyldimesitylgerma‐imine; Synthesis and Reactivity.
Authors: RIVIERE‐BAUDET M. , SATGE J. , EL BAZ F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with Nitriles. Part 96. Colorformers Based on Pyrazolomalononitriles ‐ Synthesis, Properties and Structure‐Color Relationships.
Authors: DWORCZAK R. , FABIAN W. M. F. , BIZA P. , WEIKMANN M. , JUNEK H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 1,2‐Bis(5‐(2′‐benzoxazolyl)‐pyrrole‐2‐yl)‐ethene.
Authors: CHEN Q.‐Q. , YAN F. , MA J.‐S. , JIN S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Favolon, a New Antifungal Triterpenoid from a Favolaschia Species.
Authors: ANKE T. , WERLE A. , ZAPF S. , VELTEN R. , STEGLICH W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation and Ring‐Expansion of Unsaturated Sugars
Authors: HOBERG J. O. , BOZELL J. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.