bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSUMPTION BASKETS AND COST OF LIVING IN SOUTHERN LATE COLONIAL BRAZIL: RIO GRANDE, 1772-1823
Authors: Djenderedjian Julio , Martirén Juan Luis
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the cost of living and evolution of welfare ratios among urban workers in Rio Grande's vila, the main commercial enclave of the southern Portuguese dominions in America. From diverse sources (military and hospital expenditure accounts, merchant credit bills from probate inventories), we build different consumption baskets to calculate their cost in seven benchmark years: 1772, 1792, 1802, 1809, 1816, 1819 and 1823. The evolution of cost of living shows a consistent upward trend during the period, which, however, does not substantially affect welfare ratios. In order to build regional comparisons, we follow Allen's methodology (2001) to estimate welfare ratios of skilled and unskilled workers in Rio Grande, Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The results of using this approach could be useful to adjust the methodology for further international comparisons.
RACHS-1 score as predictive factor for postoperative ventilation time in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Geier Luisa , Menzel Christoph , Germund Ingo , Trieschmann Uwe
Published: January 2020

Background:

Congenital heart disease is the most frequent malformation in newborns. The postoperative mortality of these patients can be assessed with the Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery-1 (RACHS-1) score. This study evaluates whether the RACHS-1 score can also be used as a predictor for the length of postoperative ventilation and what is the influence of age.

Material and Methods:

In a retrospective study over the period from 2007 to 2013, all patient records were evaluated: 598 children with congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery were identified and 39 patients have been excluded because of additional comorbidities. For evaluation of mortality, 559 patients could be analysed, after exclusion of 39 deceased patients, 520 cases remained for analysis of postoperative ventilation.

Results:

Overall mortality was 7% with a dependency on RACHS-1 categories. The median length of postoperative ventilation rose according to the RACHS-1 categories: RACHS-1 category 1: 9 hours (interquartile range (IQR) 7–13 hours), category 2: 30 hours (IQR 12–85 hours), category 4: 58 hours (IQR 13–135 hours), category 4: 71 hours (IQR 29–165 hours), and category 6: 189 hours (IQR 127–277 hours). Some of the RACHS-1 subgroups differed significantly from the categories, especially the repair of tetralogy of Fallot with a longer ventilation time and strong variability. Younger age was an independent factor for longer postoperative ventilation.

Conclusion:

RACHS-1 is a good predictor for the length of postoperative ventilation after cardiac surgery with the exception of some subgroups. Younger age is another independent factor for longer postoperative ventilation. These data provide better insight into ventilation times and allow better planning of operations in terms of available intensive care beds.
EU Integration in the (Post)-Migrant-Crisis Context: Learning New Integration Modes?
Authors: Kushnir Iryna , Kilkey Majella , Strumia Francesca
Published: January 2020

This article explores the integration of the European Union (EU) as an institution after the 2015–2016 migrant crisis. Qualitative data from elite interviews in Brussels and policy analysis, in the framework of a bigger project about the impact of the migrant crisis on European integration, highlight EU learning about new integration modes as a key theme following the crisis. The article focuses on this theme and argues that EU integration has been happening through intensive learning after the migrant crisis, whereby the EU has been exploring a combination of certain integration modes: shaping the relationships with candidate countries by restraining from enlargement; shaping the relationships with (prospectively) exiting Member States by considering fuzziness at the borders; and exploring differentiation among the existing Member States, possibly through promoting a two-tier EU, instead of universal deepening. A key contribution lies in applying the notion ‘learning’ to understanding EU integration modes specifically after the migrant crisis.
Social Cognition in Individuals with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study Using TASIT-S
Authors: Genova Helen M. , McDonald Skye
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) can have difficulty on tasks requiring social cognition, including Theory of Mind (ToM) and facial affect recognition. However, most research on social cognition in MS has focused on Relapsing–Remitting MS; less is known about deficits in individuals with progressive MS. This pilot study examined the social cognitive abilities of individuals with progressive MS on a dynamic social cognition task: The Awareness of Social Inference Test – Short Form (TASIT-S).

Methods:

Fifteen individuals with progressive MS and 17 healthy controls performed TASIT-S, which includes 3 subtests assessing facial affect recognition and ToM.

Results:

The MS group was impaired on all subtests of TASIT-S, including Emotion Evaluation, Social Inference – Minimal, and Social Inference – Enriched, which examine facial affect recognition and ToM. Deficits on TASIT-S were significantly correlated with several cognitive abilities including working memory, learning memory, and verbal IQ.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest individuals with progressive MS were impaired across multiple social cognition domains as assessed by the TASIT-S. Furthermore, social cognitive abilities were related to cognitive abilities such as visuospatial memory and executive abilities. Results are discussed in terms of social cognition deficits in MS and how they relate to cognitive abilities.
Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis of Granule Neurons of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Cortical Injury
Authors: Pantic Igor , Jeremic Rada , Dacic Sanja , Pekovic Sanja , Pantic Senka , Djelic Marina , Vitic Zagorka , Brkic Predrag , Brodski Claude
Published: January 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a main cause of death and disabilities in young adults. Although learning and memory impairments are a major clinical manifestation of TBI, the consequences of TBI on the hippocampus are still not well understood. In particular, how lesions to the sensorimotor cortex damage the hippocampus, to which it is not directly connected, is still elusive. Here, we study the effects of sensorimotor cortex ablation (SCA) on the hippocampal dentate gyrus, by applying a highly sensitive gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis. Using GLCM analysis of granule neurons, we discovered, in our TBI paradigm, subtle changes in granule cell (GC) morphology, including textual uniformity, contrast, and variance, which is not detected by conventional microscopy. We conclude that sensorimotor cortex trauma leads to specific changes in the hippocampus that advance our understanding of the cellular underpinnings of cognitive impairments in TBI. Moreover, we identified GLCM analysis as a highly sensitive method to detect subtle changes in the GC layers that is expected to significantly improve further studies investigating the impact of TBI on hippocampal neuropathology.
Growing Up in a Steel Town: Early-Life Pollution Exposure and Later-Life Mortality
Authors: Taylor Sarah
Published: January 2020

An important hypothesis about the disease burden of air pollution is that high levels of exposure in childhood can result in a lifetime of health problems, leading to increased mortality rates at older ages. I evaluate this hypothesis using a proprietary data set—Medicare records matched to Social Security records that identify birthplace. I analyze old-age mortality among 390,000 individuals born in small cities and towns in Pennsylvania during the years 1916 through 1927. Some of these individuals were born in places with steel production, and thus likely had exposure to high levels of air pollution in childhood. These individuals have significantly higher rates of mortality post–age 65 than those born in comparable towns that did not have steel production facilities. There are three notable features of the excess mortality among those born in steel towns: (1) the relationship holds for comparisons within counties, (2) the excess mortality is higher in towns that had relatively higher levels of steel production, and (3) old-age mortality is especially high for individuals born in locations with relatively high levels of steel production and relatively low elevation—a finding consistent with the possibility that low-elevation locations were subject to atmospheric inversions that trapped air pollution. By matching the SSA/Medicare data with death certificate data, I am able to establish that the excess mortality associated with childhood exposure to air pollution is due primarily to elevated levels of cancer.
Current Deformation in the Tibetan Plateau: A Stress Gauge in the India‐Asia Collision Tectonics
Authors: Capitanio Fabio A.
Published: January 2020

Geodetic velocities and mantle seismic anisotropy provide relevant constraints to the dynamics of the Asian continent. Here, these are compared to numerical models of subduction, collision, and upper plate deformation, developing features similar to the present‐day India‐Asia region. Varying buoyancy and far‐field forces, the models provide coupled surface and mantle motions and deformation allowing a first‐order agreement to the observables in the Tibetan area. Observed trends are reproduced when the pull from the Indian slab vanishes and the neighboring southeast Asian slab drives extrusion in eastern Tibet, matching GPS rotation and convergence‐perpendicular component, and a far‐field force acts to increase the GPS convergence‐parallel component and lithospheric thickening observed in the Tian Shan‐Tibetan domain. The net force exerted on the Tibetan lithosphere is ~2.6 × 1012 N/m, mostly due to neighboring southeast Asian subduction, and raises to ~2.8 × 1012 N/m, when additional far‐field forces apply. Largest suction force exerted on the Sunda margin is ~2.4 × 1012 N/m, whereas the comparison to seismic anisotropy supports the idea that the mantle is passive. These are interpreted in the context of the differential along‐strike dynamics of the Indian‐southeast Asian subduction: The coupled indentation‐suction along the plate margin drives large‐scale extrusion, while the excess stress along the Indian margin is accommodated by Tibetan lithospheric thickening. The models constrain the boundary forces and lithospheric processes of the Asian tectonics and emphasize the role of large‐scale coupling of the Indian margin and the southeast Asian subduction.
Sea Level Budgets Should Account for Ocean Bottom Deformation
Authors: Vishwakarma B. D. , Royston S. , Riva R. E. M. , Westaway R. M. , Bamber J. L.
Published: January 2020

The conventional sea level budget (SLB) equates changes in sea surface height with the sum of ocean mass and steric change, where solid‐Earth movements are included as corrections but limited to the impact of glacial isostatic adjustment. However, changes in ocean mass load also deform the ocean bottom elastically. Until the early 2000s, ocean mass change was relatively small, translating into negligible elastic ocean bottom deformation (OBD), hence neglected in the SLB equation. However, recently ocean mass has increased rapidly; hence, OBD is no longer negligible and likely of similar magnitude to the deep steric sea level contribution. Here, we use a mass‐volume framework, which allows the ocean bottom to respond to mass load, to derive a SLB equation that includes OBD. We discuss the theoretical appearance of OBD in the SLB equation and its implications for the global SLB.
Inter‐episodic Tremor and Slip Event Episodes of Quasi‐spatiotemporally Discrete Tremor and Very Low Frequency Earthquakes in Cascadia Suggestive of a Connective Underlying, Heterogeneous Process
Authors: Hutchison Alexandra A.
Published: January 2020

Exploring relationships between different types of slow earthquakes is essential for determining their source properties and controlling parameters. Studies show that very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) and tremor are discrete events that necessitate a further comprehensive study with respect to each other. Spatiotemporal analyses of VLFE and tremor catalogs from three interepisodic tremor and slip (inter‐ETS) events in Cascadia show that seemingly uncorrelated events have more nuanced quasi‐spatiotemporal relationships. Some of these events are either only related spatially, where tremor and VLFEs occur in the same location at different times, or related temporally, occurring at a distance but during the same time period. Including quasi‐related events, nearly all VLFEs and tremor that do not exhibit immediate spatiotemporal relationships become correlated. I interpret this to mean they are related by a connective process that either is itself heterogenous or has heterogenous expressions based on other physical characteristics.
On the Fourier Contribution of Strong Current Sheets to the High‐Frequency Magnetic Power SpectralDensity of the Solar Wind
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Burkholder Brandon L.
Published: January 2020

The hypothesis is explored that the high‐frequency magnetic spectral power of the solar wind is associated with the spatial profiles of strong current sheets (directional discontinuities) in the solar wind plasma. This hypothesis is based on previous findings about current sheets and the solar wind's magnetic power spectra (1) that the amplitude distribution and waiting time distribution of strong current sheets determines the amplituic composition and the electron strade and spectral slope of the “inertial range” of frequencies and (2) that the thicknesses of strong current sheets in the solar wind determine the breakpoint frequency that ends the inertial range. Solar wind current sheets are collected from the WIND 0.09375‐s and MMS 7.8 × 10−3‐s magnetic data sets, and the current sheets are individually Fourier transformed. At frequencies above the solar wind breakpoint (1) the shape of the magnetic power spectra of the current sheets resembles the shape of the magnetic power spectra of the solar wind and (2) the current sheets occur frequently enough to account for the magnetic power of the solar wind above the breakpoint. This has implications for the physics underlying the high‐frequency magnetic power spectral density of the solar wind, supplementing the energy‐cascade description of the high‐frequency spectrum.
On the Motion of the Heliospheric Magnetic Structure Through the Solar Wind Plasma
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E.
Published: January 2020

A reference frame in the solar wind can often be found wherein the flow vectorvis everywhere approximately parallel to the magnetic field vectorB. This is the frame of the heliospheric magnetic structure moving relative to the plasma. Since v⊥is very small in this reference frame, the magnetic structure appears to have little temporal evolution. The structure moves outward away from the Sun faster than the plasma flow. Even for highly Alfvénic plasma, the structure does not move at the Alfvén speed relative to the proton plasma, rather it moves at ~0.7vA. This may be caused by the spread in the vector directions of the local magnetic field. The degree of inhomogeneity of the plasma is hypothesized to control the motion of the magnetic structure through the plasma. If so, non‐Alfvénicity may be owed to an inability of Alfvénic perturbations to coherently propagate from Alfvénic injections at the Sun. Schemes that mathematically advect magnetic and plasma structure from upstream solar wind monitors to the Earth may be improved by calculating and including the motion of the structure relative to the solar wind velocity vector.
Axial Wind Effects on Stratification and Longitudinal Sediment Transport in a Convergent Estuary During Wet Season
Authors: Chen Lianghong , Gong Wenping , Scully Malcom E. , Zhang Heng , Cheng Weicong , Li Wei
Published: January 2020

The Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was used to examine axial wind effects on vertical stratification and sediment transport in a convergent estuary. The model demonstrated that stratification dynamics in the upper estuary (Kelvin number <1;
) are dominated by longitudinal wind straining, whereas the dominant mechanism governing estuarine stratification in the lower estuary (Kelvin number ~1) is lateral wind straining. Barotropic advection contributes to seaward sediment transport and peaks during spring tides, whereas estuarine circulation causes landward sediment transport with a maximum during neap tides. Down‐estuary winds impose no obvious effects on longitudinal sediment flux, whereas up‐estuary winds contribute to enhanced seaward sediment flux by increasing the tidal oscillatory flux. The model also demonstrates that bottom friction is significantly influenced by vertical stratification over channel regions, which is indirectly affected by axial winds.
Seasonal Upper Shelf Circulation Along the Central Western Gulf of Mexico: A Preferential Upcoast Flow Reinforced by the Recurrent Arrival of Loop Current Eddies
Authors: Gómez‐Valdivia Felipe , Parés‐Sierra Alejandro
Published: January 2020

The shelf circulation along the central western Gulf of Mexico has been traditionally attributed to a local alongshore wind stress component (AWSC) that heads upcoast during spring‐summer and turns downcoast to reach long‐term monthly averages larger than
0.05 Pa during fall‐winter. Modern wind databases exhibit, however, a local seasonal downcoast AWSC more than 10 times weaker. A realistic numerical model implementation revealed that the effect of the downcoast AWSC is recurrently overwhelmed by the upcoast geostrophic shelf circulation induced by the anticyclonic Loop Current Eddies arrival. Sporadic energetic downcoast shelf flows were generated by erratic cyclonic eddies next to the shelf and by the propagation of coastally trapped waves; nonetheless, the upcoast AWSC and the recurrent presence of Loop Current Eddies induced a preferential upcoast shelf circulation throughout the year. The upcoast shelf flow reached long‐term bimonthly averages up to
50 cm/s during spring and summer. Although weaker, the shelf current remained preferentially upcoast during fall and winter with long‐term bimonthly averages less than
10 cm/s. The long‐term seasonal variability of the reproduced shelf dynamics represented the long‐term annual cycle of the directly observed local shelf circulation. Direct observations and a second numerical experiment revealed that the previously reported seasonal alongshore inversion of the central western Gulf of Mexico shelf circulation, with downcoast flows that reach long‐term monthly averages larger than
40 cm/s, can be attributed to both an exaggerated wind forcing during fall‐winter and an inadequate representation of the local mesoscale dynamics.
The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)
Authors: Danabasoglu G. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Bacmeister J. , Bailey D. A. , DuVivier A. K.  , Edwards J. , Emmons L. K. , Fasullo J. , Garcia R. , Gettelman A. , Hannay C. , Holland M. M. , Large W. G. , Lauritzen P. H. , Lawrence D. M. , Lenaerts J. T. M. , Lindsay K. , Lipscomb W. H. , Mills M. J. , Neale R. , Oleson K. W. , Otto‐Bliesner B. , Phillips A. S. , Sacks W. , Tilmes S. , van Kampenhout L. , Vertenstein M. , Bertini A. , Dennis J. , Deser C. , Fischer C. , Fox‐Kemper B. , Kay J. E. , Kinnison D. , Kushner P. J. , Larson V. E. , Long M. C. , Mickelson S. , Moore J. K. , Nienhouse E. , Polvani L. , Rasch P. J. , Strand W. G.
Published: January 2020

An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided, including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they were addressed. In addition, an evaluation of a pair of CESM2 long preindustrial control and historical ensemble simulations is presented. These simulations were performed using the nominal 1° horizontal resolution configuration of the coupled model with both the “low‐top” (40 km, with limited chemistry) and “high‐top” (130 km, with comprehensive chemistry) versions of the atmospheric component. CESM2 contains many substantial science and infrastructure improvements and new capabilities since its previous major release, CESM1, resulting in improved historical simulations in comparison to CESM1 and available observations. These include major reductions in low‐latitude precipitation and shortwave cloud forcing biases; better representation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation; better El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐related teleconnections; and a global land carbon accumulation trend that agrees well with observationally based estimates. Most tropospheric and surface features of the low‐ and high‐top simulations are very similar to each other, so these improvements are present in both configurations. CESM2 has an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 5.1–5.3 °C, larger than in CESM1, primarily due to a combination of relatively small changes to cloud microphysics and boundary layer parameters. In contrast, CESM2's transient climate response of 1.9–2.0 °C is comparable to that of CESM1. The model outputs from these and many other simulations are available to the research community, and they represent CESM2's contributions to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6.
A noninferiority within-person study comparing the accuracy of transperineal to transrectal MRI–US fusion biopsy for prostate-cancer detection
Authors: Ber Yaara , Segal Niv , Tamir Shlomit , Benjaminov Ofer , Yakimov Maxim , Sela Sivan , Halstauch Daniel , Baniel Jack , Kedar Daniel , Margel David
Published: January 2020

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) fusion prostate-biopsies can be performed in a transrectal (TR-fusion) or transperineal (TP-fusion) approach. Prospective comparative evidence is limited. In this study we compared the detection rate of clinically-significant prostate-cancer (csPCa) within an index lesion between TR and TP-fusion.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective, noninferiority, and within-person trial. Men scheduled for MRI–US-fusion with a discrete MRI PI-RRAD ≥ 3 lesion were included. A dominant index lesion was determined for each subject and sampled by TR and TP-fusion during the same session. The order of biopsies was randomized and equipment was reset to avoid chronological and incorporation bias. For each subject, the index lesion was sampled 4–6 times in each approach. All biopsies were performed using Navigo fusion software (UC-Care, Yokneam, Israel). csPCa was defined as: Grade Group ≥ 2 or cancer-core length ≥ 6 mm. We used a noninferiority margin of 10% and a one-sided alpha level of 5%.

Results

Seventy-seven patients completed the protocol. Median age was 68.2 years (IQR:64.2–72.2), median PSA was 8.9 ng/ml (IQR:6.18–12.2). Ten patients (13%) were biopsy naive, others (87%) had a previous biopsy. csPCa was detected in 32 patients (42%). All of these cases were detected by TP-fusion, while only 20 (26%) by TR-fusion. Absolute difference for csPCa diagnosis was 15.6 (CI 90% 27.9–3.2%) in favor of TP-fusion (p = 0.029). TP-fusion was noninferior to TR-fusion. The lower boundary of the 90% confidence-interval between TP-fusion and TR-fusion was greater than zero, therefore TP-fusion was also found to be superior. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed TP-fusion was consistently associated with higher detection rates of csPCa compared with TR-fusion in patient and index-lesion derived subgroups (size, location, PI-RADS, PSA, and biopsy history).

Conclusions

In this study, TP-fusion biopsies were found to be noninferior and superior to TR-fusion biopsies in detecting csPCa within MRI-visible index lesion. Centers experienced in both TP and TR-fusion should consider these results when choosing biopsy method.
Pharmacogenomic associations of adverse drug reactions in
asthma: systematic review and research prioritisation
Authors: King Charlotte , McKenna Amanda , Farzan Niloufar , Vijverberg Susanne J. , van der Schee Marc P. , Maitland-van der Zee Anke H. , Arianto Lambang , Bisgaard Hans , BØnnelykke Klaus , Berce Vojko , PotoČnik Uros , Repnik Katja , Carleton Bruce , Daley Denise , Chew Fook Tim , Chiang Wen Chin , Sio Yang Yie , Cloutier Michelle M. , Den Dekker Herman T. , Duijts Liesbeth , de Jongste Johan C. , Dijk F. Nicole , Flores Carlos , Hernandez-Pacheco Natalia , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Basu Kaninika , Tantisira Kelan G. , Verhamme Katia M. , Celedón Juan C. , Forno Erick , Canino Glorisa , Francis Ben , Pirmohamed Munir , Sinha Ian , Hawcutt Daniel B.
Published: January 2020

A systematic review of pharmacogenomic studies capturing adverse drug
reactions (ADRs) related to asthma medications was undertaken, and a survey of
Pharmacogenomics in Childhood Asthma (PiCA) consortia members was conducted. Studies
were eligible if genetic polymorphisms were compared with suspected ADR(s) in a
patient with asthma, as either a primary or secondary outcome. Five studies met the
inclusion criteria. The ADRs and polymorphisms identified were change in lung
function tests (rs1042713), adrenal suppression (rs591118), and decreased bone
mineral density (rs6461639) and accretion (rs9896933, rs2074439). Two of these
polymorphisms were replicated within the paper, but none had external replication.
Priorities from PiCA consortia members (representing 15 institution in eight
countries) for future studies were tachycardia (SABA/LABA), adrenal
suppression/crisis and growth suppression (corticosteroids), sleep/behaviour
disturbances (leukotriene receptor antagonists), and nausea and vomiting
(theophylline). Future pharmacogenomic studies in asthma should collect relevant ADR
data as well as markers of efficacy.
SWEDEGENE—a Swedish nation-wide DNA sample collection for pharmacogenomic studies of serious adverse drug reactions
Authors: Hallberg Pär , Yue Qun-Ying , Eliasson Erik , Melhus Håkan , Ås Joel , Wadelius Mia
Published: January 2020

SWEDEGENE is a Swedish nation-wide sample collection established to facilitate studies of clinical and genetic risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Most cases are recruited among patients reported to the ADR registry at the Swedish Medical Products Agency by health-care professionals. Clinical data are collected both from medical and laboratory records and through interviews using standardized questionnaires. Genome-wide scans and whole-genome sequencing are done, and association studies are conducted using mainly controls from the Swedish TwinGene biobank with data on diagnoses and prescribed drugs. SWEDEGENE was established in 2008 and currently contains DNA and information from about 2550 adults who have experienced specific ADRs, and from 580 drug exposed controls. Results from genome-wide association studies have now been published, and data from whole-genome sequencing are being analyzed. SWEDEGENE has the potential to offer a new means of developing individualized and safe drug therapy through patient pre-treatment screening.
Strong spin orientation-dependent spin current diffusion and inverse spin Hall effect in a ferromagnetic metal
Authors: Zhu Zhaozhao , Zheng Xiaoli , Li Gang , Bai He , Su Jian , Zhang Ying , Cai Jian-Wang
Published: January 2020

Pure spin current transport has become the central point of the state-of-the-art spintronics. While most spin current phenomena have been extensively explored, aspects of the pure spin current injected into ferromagnetic metals are far from completely understood. The reports on a fundamental problem, i.e. the spin relaxation asymmetry with spin current polarization collinear or transverse to the magnetization of ferromagnetic metals, are quite controversial. By employing a Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Cu/Ni80Fe20 (Py)/Ir25Mn75 (IrMn) spin valve heterostructure with the thermal inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) of a Py well separated from other thermoelectric transport and thermal Hall effects, we find that the ISHE signal amplitude in 10 nm Py increases by 80% when changing the relative orientation of the YIG and Py magnetization from orthogonal (⊥) to collinear (||). Moreover, the spin-diffusion length λsf and effective spin Hall angle $$\theta _{{\mathrm{SH}}}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}$$

θ

SH

eff

of Py are also spin orientation dependent and vary from $$\lambda _{{\mathrm{sf}}}^ \bot$$

λ

sf

⊥

 = 1.0 ± 0.1 nm to $$\lambda _{{\mathrm{sf}}}^\parallel$$

λ

sf

∥

 = 2.8 ± 0.5 nm with $$\theta _{{\mathrm{SH}}}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}\left( \bot \right)/\theta _{{\mathrm{SH}}}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}\left( \parallel \right)$$

θ

SH

eff

⊥

∕

θ

SH

eff

∥

 = 1.5, respectively. Our results demonstrate magnetization orientation-dependent spin relaxation and spin injection efficiency of a pure spin current, revealing that exchange interactions in ferromagnetic metals strongly affect the transport of the pure spin current.
Impaired functional capacity of polarised neonatal macrophages
Authors: Dreschers Stephan , Ohl Kim , Schulte Nora , Tenbrock Klaus , Orlikowsky Thorsten W.
Published: January 2020

Neonatal sepsis is accompanied by impaired apoptotic depletion of monocytes and macrophages (MΦ), aberrant cytokine production, impaired cell metabolism, and sustained inflammation. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) triggers the differentiation from monocytes into MΦ (MΦ-0). Interleukin-10 (IL10) and Interferon-gamma (IFNy) further differentiate MΦ subpopulations, the anti-inflammatory MΦ-IL10 and the pro-inflammatory MΦ-IFNy subtype. We previously have shown significant differences between adult (PBMΦ) and cord blood (CBMΦ) in the metabolism of all subtypes. To test the hypothesis whether the competence to differentiate monocytes into MΦ-0 and to polarise into MΦ-IFNy and MΦ-IL10 was diminished in CBMΦ as compared to PBMΦ, we polarised monocytes by cultivation with M-CSF for 72 h, followed by stimulation with IFNy or IL10, for 48 h. After flow cytometry based immunotyping, we tested four functions: Phagocytosis of GFP-E. coli, uptake of erythrocytes, T-cell proliferation, induction of regulatory T-cells as well as phosphorylation analysis of AKT and STAT1/STAT3. Phosphorylation of STAT-1 and STAT-3, obligatory to differentiate into MΦ-IFNγ, MΦ-0 and MΦ-IL10, was found to be aberrant in CBMΦ. Whereas infected MΦ-0 showed identical phagocytic indices and intracellular degradation, TLR4-expression, NFkB up-regulation, IL10-, IL6-, and TNFα production of CBMΦ-0 were reduced. In addition, the capacity to bind aged erythrocytes and the consecutive IL10 production was lower in CBMΦ-IL10. Polarised PBMΦ-IFNy and PBMΦ-IL10 expressed higher levels of co-stimulatory receptors (CD80, CD86), had a higher capacity to stimulate T-cells and induced higher amounts of regulatory T-cells (all p < 0.05 vs. corresponding CBMΦ). Hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) was stronger expressed in CBMΦ-IFNy and upregulated in infected CBMΦ-0, whereas heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression was similar to adult PBMΦ. Neonatal MΦ-0, MΦ-IFNy and MΦ-IL10 polarisation is impaired with respect to phenotype and functions tested which may contribute to sustained inflammation in neonatal sepsis.
3D-printing process design of lattice compressor impeller based on residual stress and deformation
Authors: JIA Dejun , LI Fanchun , ZHANG Yuan
Published: January 2020

The application of a lattice structure in the lightweight design of compressor impellers can reduce their mass and moment of inertia, hence improving the effective carrying of aircraft and reducing the start and braking moments of the impeller. The feasibility of a processing-lattice compressor impeller is the prerequisite for its application. To control the residual deformation and residual stress effectively, a computer-aided design technique is used to simulate the manufacturing process of a compressor impeller. The residual deformation and stress of the compressor impeller during the additive manufacturing process is calculated. The material-stacking process and base-plate- and support-removal process of a TiAl6V4 impeller printed by an SLM280 metal 3D printer are simulated by the finite-element method. The results show that some change in the laser printing parameters leads to a significant impact on the residual stress and deformation amplitude of the impeller. The residual deformation and residual stress of the lattice compressor impeller with the same geometrical appearance after processing are less than the corresponding amplitude of the solid compressor impeller, which also shows that the printed lattice compressor impeller can more easily achieve the design requirements.
Accelerated neuronal and synaptic maturation by BrainPhys medium increases Aβ secretion and alters Aβ peptide ratios from iPSC-derived cortical neurons
Authors: Satir Tugce Munise , Nazir Faisal Hayat , Vizlin-Hodzic Dzeneta , Hardselius Erik , Blennow Kaj , Wray Selina , Zetterberg Henrik , Agholme Lotta , Bergström Petra
Published: January 2020

One of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is cerebral deposition of amyloid plaques composed of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of those peptides are used as a biomarker for AD. Mature induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons secrete Aβ peptides in ratios comparable to those secreted to cerebrospinal fluid in human, however the protocol to achieve mature neurons is time consuming. In this study, we investigated if differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) in BrainPhys medium, previously reported to enhance synaptic function of neurons in culture, would accelerate neuronal maturation and, thus increase Aβ secretion as compared to the conventional neural maintenance medium. We found that NPCs cultured in BrainPhys displayed increased expression of markers for cortical deep-layer neurons, increased synaptic maturation and number of astroglial cells. This accelerated neuronal maturation was accompanied by increased APP processing, resulting in increased secretion of Aβ peptides and an increased Aβ38 to Aβ40 and Aβ42 ratio. However, during long-term culturing in BrainPhys, non-neuronal cells appeared and eventually took over the cultures. Taken together, BrainPhys culturing accelerated neuronal maturation and increased Aβ secretion from iPSC-derived cortical neurons, but changed the cellular composition of the cultures.
Novel synthesis of Ni/Fe layered double hydroxides using urea and glycerol and their enhanced adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) removal
Authors: Abo El-Reesh Gehad Y. , Farghali Ahmed A. , Taha Mohamed , Mahmoud Rehab K.
Published: January 2020

Novel modified Ni/Fe layered double hydroxides with different morphology of spherical – like shape were fabricated via using urea as a ligand and glycerol (Ni/Fe LDH/GL) with Ni:Fe molar ratios of 2:1 by the simplest co -precipitation method. Also, for comparison purposes, Ni/Fe LDH was synthesized to be used as a control one. A suggested interpretation for the morphology change was also given. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), The Fourier transform infrared (FT - IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), EDX for elemental analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) equation, particle size distributions and Zeta potential measurements. In addition, the synthesized materials were used as adsorbents for removal of potassium dichromate from aqueous solutions under various experimental conditions. The adsorption of Cr (VI) was strongly pH dependant and the pHPZC was studied. Kinetic studies were evaluated through different models including, pseudo first and second orders, mixed 1, 2 orders, intra particle diffusion and Avrami models. For adsorption isotherms, two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) and three parameter models (Sips, Langmuir-Freundlich and Tooth) were investigated showing maximum adsorption capacity of 50.43 mg/g and 136.05 mg/g for Ni/Fe LDH and Ni/Fe LDH/GL, respectively. Also, the effect of temperature was investigated at (23, 35, 45, 55 °C) and the thermodynamic parameters (∆H°, ∆S° and ∆G°) were calculated showing exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. The effect of coexisting anions (Cl−, SO42− and HPO42−) and humic acid at different concentrations on the removal efficiency of dichromate ions was investigated. Chemical stability and recyclability of these adsorbents were also studied. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds formation between dichromate ion, urea, glycerol, LDH was explored by Monte Carlo simulation This study suggested that the modified Ni/Fe LDH/GL materials were promising nanoadsorbents for efficient potassium dichromate removal.
Liquid-like droplet formation by tumor suppressor p53 induced by multivalent electrostatic interactions between two disordered domains
Authors: Kamagata Kiyoto , Kanbayashi Saori , Honda Masaya , Itoh Yuji , Takahashi Hiroto , Kameda Tomoshi , Nagatsugi Fumi , Takahashi Satoshi
Published: January 2020

Early in vivo studies demonstrated the involvement of a tumor-suppressing transcription factor, p53, into cellular droplets such as Cajal and promyelocytic leukemia protein bodies, suggesting that the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) might be involved in the cellular functions of p53. To examine this possibility, we conducted extensive investigations on the droplet formation of p53 in vitro. First, p53 itself was found to form liquid-like droplets at neutral and slightly acidic pH and at low salt concentrations. Truncated p53 mutants modulated droplet formation, suggesting the importance of multivalent electrostatic interactions among the N-terminal and C-terminal domains. Second, FRET efficiency measurements for the dimer mutants of p53 revealed that distances between the core domains and between the C-terminal domains were modulated in an opposite manner within the droplets. Third, the molecular crowding agents were found to promote droplet formation, whereas ssDNA, dsDNA, and ATP, to suppress it. Finally, the p53 mutant mimicking posttranslational phosphorylation did not form the droplets. We conclude that p53 itself has a potential to form droplets that can be controlled by cellular molecules and by posttranslational modifications, suggesting that LLPS might be involved in p53 function.
Past, Present and Future: Combining habitat suitability and future landcover simulation for long-term conservation management of Indian rhino
Authors: Mukherjee Tanoy , Sharma Lalit Kumar , Saha Goutam K. , Thakur Mukesh , Chandra Kailash
Published: January 2020

The Indian rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) is susceptible to habitat change and fragmentation due to illegal logging, rapid urbanization and non-forest use and therefore were confined in to isolated areas throughout its distribution. The present study was conducted in Gorumara landscape which is composed of two protected areas (PAs) viz., Gorumara National Park (GNP) and Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary. Both PAs were separated by a territorial forest range (Bridge Area), which is between both the PAs and under high anthropogenic disturbance. The study was designed to understand the impacts of landcover change on habitat suitability of R. unicornis in a multi-temporal scenario from 1998 to 2018 using ensemble approach and also to simulate the future habitat suitability for 2028. Our result suggests a significant increase in woodland cover inside the PAs, whereas the grassland cover has increased outside the PA in territorial range. We found a strong positive association of R. unicornis with grasslands. The Comparison of the future suitability model of 2028 with that of 2018 indicates a substantial increase in rhino suitable area by 13% in the territorial forest. Hence, bringing the territorial forest into the PA network, will be a crucial step to increase the fodder availability and better connectivity for the long term survival of the species.
Femtoliter Volumetric Pipette and Flask Utilizing Nanofluidics
Authors: Nakao Tatsuro , Kazoe Yutaka , Morikawa Kyojiro , Lin Ling , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: January 2020

A femtoliter sampling method, which includes volume measurement and sample transport, was realized using a femtoliter volumetric pipette and flask fabricated on a glass-made nanofluidic device.
Highly regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines: a metal- and solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Jing , Yu Shibo , Ye Silei , Zou Wenjie , Zhang Hongbin , Chen Jingbo
Published: January 2020

We herein report a metal- and solvent-free acetic acid-mediated ring-opening reaction of epoxides with amines.
Dynamic kinetic resolution of a tertiary alcohol
Authors: Kühn Franziska , Katsuragi Satoko , Oki Yasuhiro , Scholz Cedric , Akai Shuji , Gröger Harald
Published: January 2020

The first example of a dynamic kinetic resolution of a racemic tertiary alcohol is presented. By combining a lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution and a racemization with an oxovanadium-catalyst, the ester was obtained in 77% yield and with >99% ee.
The crystal structure of a natural DNA polymerase complexed with mirror DNA
Authors: An Jinsu , Choi Jaewoo , Hwang Dohyeon , Park Jihyun , Pemble Charles W. , Duong Thi Hoai Men , Kim Kyoung-Ran , Ahn Heechul , Chung Hak Suk , Ahn Dae-Ro
Published: January 2020

The intrinsic l-DNA binding properties of a natural DNA polymerase was discovered.
Photocatalytic decarboxylative alkenylation of α-amino and α-hydroxy acid-derived redox active esters by NaI/PPh3 catalysis
Authors: Wang Ya-Ting , Fu Ming-Chen , Zhao Bin , Shang Rui , Fu Yao
Published: January 2020

Herein, we report the photocatalytic decarboxylative alkenylation reactions of N-(acyloxy)phthalimide derived from α-amino and α-hydroxy acids with 1,1-diarylethene, and with cinnamic acid derivatives through double decarboxylation, using NaI and PPh3 as redox catalysts.
Cryo-temperature effects on membrane protein structure and dynamics
Authors: Mehra Rukmankesh , Dehury Budheswar , Kepp Kasper P.
Published: January 2020

Cryo-electron structures revolutionize biology, yet cooling effects are unclear. Using a simulation protocol of hot, cold, and rapidly cooled γ-secretase we identify cryo-contraction and modes relevant to Aβ production and cryo-analysis in general.
Multiple slow relaxation of magnetization in Dy3+ confined in the crystal matrix of rare-earth-calcium silicates with the apatite structure
Authors: Kazin Pavel E. , Zykin Mikhail A. , Trusov Lev A. , Vasiliev Alexander V. , Kremer Reinhard K. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Jansen Martin
Published: January 2020

Dy3+ reveals slow relaxation of magnetization in both Dy-diluted and Dy-rich silicates with enhanced relaxation times in the latter.
Scheelite-related MIIxBi1−xV1−xMoxO4(MII– Ca, Sr) solid solution-based photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Li Shilin , Bychkov Konstantin L. , Butenko Denys S. , Terebilenko Kateryna V. , Zhu Yukun , Han Wei , Baumer Vyacheslav N. , Slobodyanik Mykola S. , Ji Hong , Klyui N. I.
Published: January 2020

Scheelite-related MIIxBi1−xV1−xMoxO4(MII= Ca, Sr,x= 0.1 to 0.9) solid solutions deposited on FTO-conductive glass have been shown to be promising photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting.
Molecular enneanuclear CuII phosphates containing planar hexanuclear and trinuclear sub-units: syntheses, structures, and magnetism
Authors: Santra Biswajit , Kalita Pankaj , Chandra Shubhadeep , Mandal Debdeep , Kumar Vierandra , Narayanan Ramakirushnan Surya , Dey Atanu , Chrysochos Nicolas , Huch Volker , Biswas Sourav , Ghoshal Debajyoti , Sañudo E. Carolina , Sarkar Biprajit , Schulzke Carola , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Jana Anukul
Published: January 2020

Highly symmetric enneanuclear copper(ii) phosphates comprising of a hexanuclear and a trinuclear motif are described.
A mild, general, and metal-free method for site-specific deuteration induced by visible light using D2O as the source of deuterium atoms
Authors: Shi Shuai , Li Ruining , Rao Liangming , Sun Zhankui
Published: January 2020

Visible light induced desulfurization–deuteration method was developed using D2O as the source of deuterium atoms. This radical approach features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, highly efficient D-incorporation and excellent functional group compatibility.
Synthesis of ribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleosides under plausible prebiotic conditions within self-assembled supramolecular structures
Authors: Franco A. , Ascenso J. R. , Ilharco L. , Silva J. A. L. da
Published: January 2020

Abiotic synthesis of ribonucleotides, mainly at the 5′ position, from the corresponding ribonucleosides within guanosine:borate hydrogels in the temperature range of 70–90 °C, using urea and a phosphate source (K2HPO4 or hydroxyapatite).
Sequential multicomponent site-selective synthesis of 4-iodo and 5-iodopyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes from a common set of starting materials by tuning the conditions
Authors: Choudhary Sachin , Yadav Jyothi , Mamta  , Pawar Amol Prakash , Vanaparthi Satheeshvarma , Mir Nisar A. , Iype Eldhose , Sharma Ratika , Kant Rajni , Kumar Indresh
Published: January 2020

A simple and straightforward method for the synthesis of 4-iodo and 5-iodopyrrole-3-carboxaldehydes is developed in good to high yields (up to 78%) from a common set of starting materials by tuning the reaction conditions.
Effects of local geometry distortion at the Al/Al2Cu interfaces on solute segregation
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: January 2020

The local geometry distortion in the semicoherent interface region significantly influences the solute energetics. Considering the distortion, the segregation energies of solutes well explain the trend of the experimentally measured solute concentrations.
Correction: Identifying peptide sequences that can control the assembly of gold nanostructures
Authors: Lee Hye-Eun , Lee Jaehun , Ju Misong , Ahn Hyo-Yong , Lee Yoon Young , Jang Hyung-Seok , Nam Ki Tae
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Identifying peptide sequences that can control the assembly of gold nanostructures’ by Hye-Eun Lee et al., Mol. Syst. Des. Eng., 2018, 3, 581–590.
Green pathway to a new fuel extender: continuous flow catalytic synthesis of butanol/butyl butyrate mixtures
Authors: Scotti Nicola , Ravasio Nicoletta , Zaccheria Federica , Irimescu Adrian , Merola Simona Silvia
Published: January 2020

The preparation of a butanol/butyl butyrate mixture was performed in one-step under continuous flow conditions with a CuO/ZrO2 catalyst.
SNAREs, tethers and SM proteins: how to overcome the final barriers to membrane fusion?
Authors: Risselada Herre Jelger , Mayer Andreas
Published: January 2020

Physiological membrane vesicles are built to separate reaction spaces in a stable manner, even when they accidentally collide or are kept in apposition by spatial constraints in the cell. This requires a natural resistance to fusion and mixing of their content, which originates from substantial energetic barriers to membrane fusion [1]. To facilitate intracellular membrane fusion reactions in a controlled manner, proteinaceous fusion machineries have evolved. An important open question is whether protein fusion machineries actively pull the fusion reaction over the present free energy barriers, or whether they rather catalyze fusion by lowering those barriers. At first sight, fusion proteins such as SNARE complexes and viral fusion proteins appear to act as nano-machines, which mechanically transduce force to the membranes and thereby overcome the free energy barriers [2,3]. Whether fusion proteins additionally alter the free energy landscape of the fusion reaction via catalytic roles is less obvious. This is a question that we shall discuss in this review, with particular focus on the influence of the eukaryotic SNARE-dependent fusion machinery on the final step of the reaction, the formation and expansion of the fusion pore.