bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-learning pills on immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma: The E-PIMUC program for continuing medical education
Authors: Romero-Clarà Olga , Madrid Clara , Pardo Juan Carlos , Ruiz de Porras Vicenç , Etxaniz Olatz , Moreno-Alonso Deborah , Font Albert
Published: August 2024

Background

The high incidence and mortality rates of urothelial carcinoma mean it remains a significant global health concern. Its prevalence is notably pronounced in industrialized countries, with Spain registering one of the highest incidences in Europe. Treatment options are available for various stages of bladder cancer. Moreover, the management landscape for this disease has been significantly transformed by the rapid advances in immunotherapy. Healthcare professionals who diagnose, treat, and follow up with bladder cancer patients need comprehensive training to incorporate these advances into their clinical practice. To bridge these knowledge gaps, we set up the E-PIMUC program to educate healthcare professionals on bladder cancer management and specifically immunotherapy.

Methods

E-PIMUC used an innovative microlearning methodology comprising bitesize learning pills that support efficient acquisition of specialized expertise. We used a mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative approach to assess the success of the E-PIMUC program. Data collection encompassed pre-post testing, participation metrics, satisfaction surveys, and self-perceived performance assessments.

Results

A total of 751 healthcare professionals enrolled in the program. Of these, 81.0% actively engaged with the content and 33.2% passed all tests and were awarded the course certificate and professional credits. The course received satisfaction ratings of 94.3% to 95.1% and significantly improved the declarative knowledge of participants who had a range of professional profiles (p < 0.001). Participants reported increased confidence in applying immunotherapy principles in their practice (average improvement of 1.4 points). Open-ended responses also underscored participants’ perceived benefits, including expanded knowledge and enhanced patient interaction skills.

Conclusion

The E-PIMUC program provided effective, comprehensive, cutting-edge training on bladder cancer management, particularly on the use of immunotherapy in this area of oncology. The high participation rates, positive satisfaction scores, substantial knowledge enhancement, and improved self-perceived performance, are all testament to the program’s success. E-PIMUC was endorsed by regulatory bodies as a trusted educational resource in urothelial carcinoma management. What is more, complementary initiatives brought together patients and medical experts to foster a holistic, patient-centered approach to the complexities of bladder cancer care.
Tenofovir versus entecavir on the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a reconstructed individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Jian-Xin , Wang Ling-Zhi , Wang Qiu-Ting , Li Hui-Long , Lin Li-Jun , He Jun-Ming
Published: August 2024

Background: Hepatitis B, often leading to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), poses a major global health challenge. While Tenofovir (TDF) and Entecavir (ETV) are potent treatments, their comparative effectiveness in improving recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in HBV-related HCC is not well-established.

Methods: We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis using survival data from randomized trials and high-quality propensity score-matched studies to compare the impact of Tenofovir (TDF) and Entecavir (ETV) on RFS and OS in HBV-related HCC patients. Data from six databases and gray literature up to 30 August 2023, were analyzed, utilizing Kaplan-Meier curves, stratified Cox models, and shared frailty models for survival rate assessment and to address between-study heterogeneity. The study employed restricted mean survival time analysis to evaluate differences in RFS and OS between TDF-treated and ETV-treated patients. Additionally, landmark analyses compared early (<2 years) and late (≥2 years) tumor recurrence in these cohorts.

Results: This study incorporated seven research articles, covering 4,602 patients with HBV-related HCC (2,082 on TDF and 2,520 on ETV). Within the overall cohort, TDF recipients demonstrated significantly higher RFS (p = 0.042) and OS (p < 0.001) than those on ETV. The stratified Cox model revealed significantly improved OS for the TDF group compared to the ETV group (hazard ratio, 0.756; 95% confidence interval, 0.639–0.896; p = 0.001), a result corroborated by the shared frailty model. Over a follow-up period of 1–8 years, no significant difference was noted in the mean time to death between the TDF and ETV groups. The rates of early recurrence did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.735). However, TDF treatment was significantly associated with a reduced risk of late recurrence compared to ETV (p < 0.001). In the HCC resection subgroup, the disparities in OS, early, and late recurrence rates between the two treatments paralleled those seen in the overall cohort.

Conclusion: Compared to ETV, TDF may enhance OS and reduce late tumor recurrence risk in HBV-related HCC patients receiving curative treatment. However, there was no statistically significant distinction in the timing of tumor recurrence and mortality between patients administered TDF and those prescribed ETV.

Systematic Review Registration:http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) for the potential treatment of renal pathologies
Authors: Tawengi Mohamed , Al-Dali Yazan , Tawengi Abdelaziz , Benter Ibrahim F. , Akhtar Saghir
Published: August 2024

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is referred to as ErbB1/HER1, is the prototype of the EGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases which also comprises ErbB2 (Neu, HER2), ErbB3 (HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4). EGFR, along with other ErbBs, is expressed in the kidney tubules and is physiologically involved in nephrogenesis and tissue repair, mainly following acute kidney injury. However, its sustained activation is linked to several kidney pathologies, including diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease, and renal fibrosis. This review aims to provide a summary of the recent findings regarding the consequences of EGFR activation in several key renal pathologies. We also discuss the potential interplay between EGFR and the reno-protective angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7), a heptapeptide member of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that counter-regulates the actions of angiotensin II. Ang-(1–7)-mediated inhibition of EGFR transactivation might represent a potential mechanism of action for its renoprotection. Our review suggests that there is a significant body of evidence supporting the potential inhibition of EGFR/ErbB, and/or administration of Ang-(1–7), as potential novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of renal pathologies. Thus, EGFR inhibitors such as Gefitinib and Erlinotib that have an acceptable safety profile and have been clinically used in cancer chemotherapy since their FDA approval in the early 2000s, might be considered for repurposing in the treatment of renal pathologies.
Therapeutic potential of arginine deprivation therapy for gliomas: a systematic review of the existing literature
Authors: Yuxiao Chen , Jiachen Wang , Yanjie Lan , Shenglan Li , Yuji Wang , Wenbin Li
Published: August 2024

Background

Arginine deprivation therapy (ADT) hinders glioma cells’ access to nutrients by reducing peripheral blood arginine, showing great efficacy in various studies, which suggests it as a potentially promising treatment for glioma. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the mechanism of ADT for gliomas, the therapeutic effect based on existing research, and possible combination therapies.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases according to PRISMA guidelines, searching for articles on the efficacy of ADT in glioma.

Results

We identified 17 studies among 786 search results, among which ADT therapy mainly based on Arginine free condition, Arginine Deiminase and Arginase, including three completed clinical trials. ADT therapy has shown promising results in vivo and in vitro, with its safety confirmed in clinical trials. In the early phase of treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) cells develop protective mechanisms of stress and autophagy, which eventually evolve into caspase dependent apoptosis or senescence, respectively. The immunosuppressive microenvironment is also altered by arginine depletion, such as the transformation of microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and the activation of T-cells. Thus, ADT therapy demonstrates glioma-killing effect in the presence of a combination of mechanisms. In combination with various conventional therapies and investigational drugs such as radiotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDK) inhibitors and autophagy inducers, ADT therapy has been shown to be more effective. However, the phenomenon of drug resistance due to re-expression of ASS1 rather than stem cell remains to be investigated.

Conclusion

Despite the paucity of studies in the literature, the available data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of arginine deprivation therapy for glioma and encourage further research, especially the exploration of its combination therapies and the extrapolation of what we know about the effects and mechanisms of ADT from other tumors to glioma.
Combination of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches helps unravel the mechanisms of luteolin in inducing liver cancer cell death via targeting AKT1 and SRC
Authors: Ma Junxia , Mo Jinggang , Feng Yifu , Wang Liezhi , Jiang Hao , Li Junmin , Jin Chong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Luteolin, a natural compound commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, shows clinical potential as an anti–liver cancer agent. The mechanisms underlying the anti–liver cancer effect of luteolin are limited versus those reported for other cancers. Accordingly, this study was conducted to bridge the existing knowledge gap.

Methods

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the response of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HuH-7 to luteolin were conducted, and a possible pathway was elucidated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry, western blotting, qRT-PCR and bio-layer interferometry assay to systematically explore the possible mechanisms underlying the inhibition of the proliferation of liver cancer cells by luteolin.

Results and Discussion

Results showed that luteolin significantly inhibited HuH-7 cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses collectively revealed that luteolin could promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HuH-7 cells through transcription factors p53, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), FOXO, ATF2, and TCF/LEF via AKT1, as well as the KEAP-NRF and SRC-STAT3 pathways. Furthermore, AKT1 and SRC were identified as the 2 targets of luteolin. Nuclear translocation of transcription factors p53 and NF-κB were affected by luteolin administration. Additionally, AKT1 activity affected normal metabolism in HuH-7 cells and resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which activated MOMP and further promoted apoptosis. Our results systematically elucidate the mechanism of luteolin in inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer cells, mainly through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via targeting AKT1 and SRC.
In elderly individuals, the effectiveness of sensorimotor training on postural control and muscular strength is comparable to resistance-endurance training
Authors: Varjan Mikuláš , Žiška Böhmerová Ľubica , Oreská Ľudmila , Schickhofer Peter , Hamar Dušan
Published: August 2024

While classical resistance exercise is an effective way to improve strength and control postural sway, it may not be suitable for some elderly individuals with specific health disorders (e.g., aneurysms). Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative modalities. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of sensorimotor training on muscle strength and postural control in the female elderly population and subsequently compare these effects with a traditional combined resistance-endurance training program. A total of 34 healthy, active elderly women aged from 65 to 75 years, (average age 72.7 ± 4.4 years, height 161.6 ± 5.1 cm, and weight 66.9 ± 8.4 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups undergoing different 10-week interventions: the resistance-endurance training (RET, n = 11), the sensorimotor training (SMT, n = 12) and the control group (COG, n = 11). Prior to and after the interventions all participants underwent tests of maximal voluntary contraction of the dominant and non-dominant leg; postural sway tests with open and closed eyes; novel visual feedback balance test; 10-meter maximal walking speed (10 mMWS) and stair climb test. A T-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test, to compare the pre and post-measurements and assess differences in gains between groups. Results showed a significant main effect of time on strength (p < 0.001). In addition, significant differences in time × group interaction on strength (p < 0.01), postural control (p < 01), and ascendant and descended vertical speed (p < 0.001) were observed. Besides, the RET group improved significantly the maximal voluntary contraction of both dominant (16.3%, p ≤ 0.01) and non-dominant leg (10.9%, p ≤ 0.05). SMT group improved maximal voluntary contraction of both dominant (16.6%, p ≤ 0.001) and non-dominant leg (12.7%, p ≤ 0.01). In addition, they also improved mean velocity of the centre of pressure (COP) in postural sway test with eyes open (24.2%, p ≤ 0.05) as well as eyes closed (29.2%, p ≤ 0.05), mean distance of COP in novel visual feedback balance test (37.5%, p ≤ 0.001), ascendant and descended vertical velocity (13.6%, p ≤ 0.001 and 17.8%, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). Results show not only resistance training but sensorimotor intervention boosts strength too. This intervention also enhances postural control and functional abilities for both ascending and descending movements.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate valproate-induced immune stress and social deficiency in rats
Authors: Sun Shixiong , Luo Shilin , Chen Jie , Zhang Ou , Wu Qiongying , Zeng Nianju , Bi Jinlian , Zheng Chunbing , Yan Tenglong , Li Zhiyuan , Chen Jindong , Zhang Yilei , Lang Bing
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions and stereotypic behaviors. Current clinical care is palliative at the most and there remains huge unmet medical need to fully address the core symptoms of ASD. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are emerging as a promising candidate for ASD treatment, but the precise mechanism remains controversial.

Methods

In vitro studies we performed the transwell migration assay to explore the interaction between hUC-MSCs and the primary-cultured cortical neurons. Then we determined the therapeutic effects of intravenous administration of hUC-MSCs in rats challenged with valproic acid (VPA) during gestation, a well-defined rat model of autism.

Results

Our studies showed that hUC-MSCs promoted the growth of primary-cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that hUC-MSCs significantly alleviated microglial activation in the brain, especially in the anterior cingulate cortex, and effectively improved the sociability of the VPA-exposed rats.

Discussion

These results offer valuable insights for clinical translation and further research on the mechanisms of hUC-MSCs in psychiatric disorders characterized by microglial activation, particularly in cases of autism, shall be warranted.
Comparison among anorexia nervosa adolescents with or without previous overweight, obese, and healthy adolescents
Authors: Amianto Federico , Sertori Francesca , Davico Chiara , Marcotulli Daniele , Vitiello Benedetto
Published: August 2024

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB) are relevant concerns in adolescence. Despite their contrasting phenotypes, they share common pathogenic origins and may be present in the same individual at different times. We explored the psychopathology and attachment features of adolescents with AN who did (AN-ow) or did not (AN-nw) have previous overweight, compared with OB adolescents and healthy control (HC) adolescents.

Method

In total, 148 female adolescents referred to an outpatient clinic for an eating disorder (66 for AN and 42 for OB) and 40 HCs were assessed using self-administered instruments that measured parenting, attachment, eating, and general psychopathology. Group differences were tested by analysis of covariance, and correlations between variables were examined.

Results

AN-ow, AN-nw, and OB adolescents had greater interpersonal distrust and avoidance of relationships, compared with HC adolescents. AN-nw and AN-ow adolescents displayed a higher need for approval and a drive to thinness and interpersonal distrust, compared with HC adolescents. AN-ow adolescents displayed lower paternal care and higher ineffectiveness, asceticism, social insecurity, and depression, compared with HC adolescents. Compared with AN-nw adolescents, AN-ow adolescents felt more ineffective and more ascetic. The dynamics linking the psychopathological features clearly distinguished the four groups.

Conclusions

AN-ow is a well-identified subtype of AN, with specific features that differ from AN-nw; some of these features are shared with OB. A therapeutic approach tailored to AN-ow adolescents should consider these features.
Sex differences in human brain networks in normal and psychiatric populations from the perspective of small-world properties
Authors: Zhou Yingying , Long Yicheng
Published: August 2024

Females and males are known to be different in the prevalences of multiple psychiatric disorders, while the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. Based on non-invasive neuroimaging techniques and graph theory, many researchers have tried to use a small-world network model to elucidate sex differences in the brain. This manuscript aims to compile the related research findings from the past few years and summarize the sex differences in human brain networks in both normal and psychiatric populations from the perspective of small-world properties. We reviewed published reports examining altered small-world properties in both the functional and structural brain networks between males and females. Based on four patterns of altered small-world properties proposed: randomization, regularization, stronger small-worldization, and weaker small-worldization, we found that current results point to a significant trend toward more regularization in normal females and more randomization in normal males in functional brain networks. On the other hand, there seems to be no consensus to date on the sex differences in small-world properties of the structural brain networks in normal populations. Nevertheless, we noticed that the sample sizes in many published studies are small, and future studies with larger samples are warranted to obtain more reliable results. Moreover, the number of related studies conducted in psychiatric populations is still limited and more investigations might be needed. We anticipate that these conclusions will contribute to a deeper understanding of the sex differences in the brain, which may be also valuable for developing new methods in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Translating research evidence into youth behavioral health policy and action: using a community-engaged storyboard approach
Authors: Parnes McKenna F. , Mehari Merih , Sedlar Georganna R. , Trevino Cindy , Porter Rachel , Walker Sarah C.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

There is nationwide shortage of child and adolescent behavioral health providers. Lack of diversity in the mental health care profession compounds workforce capacity issues, contributing to greater disparities in treatment access and engagement for youth from historically disenfranchised communities. Strategies are needed to foster cross-sector alignment to inform policy which can improve mental health care access and reduce disparities. This current case study details a specific research-practice-policy partnership strategy, storyboarding, as a method to engage community partners in Washington State to deliberate on information drawn from research on non-specialist models of child and adolescent mental health care to support the behavioral workforce expansion.

Method

Research evidence from a scoping literature review on non-specialist models of child and adolescent mental health care was shared via storyboards with community partners to inform policy efforts around the behavioral health workforce expansion. In Phase 1, community members with lived experience and clinical expertise contributed to the storyboard design process. In Phase 2, a broader community partner group shared their perspectives on the models of care presented in the storyboards via Qualtrics survey with open-ended questions. Listening sessions were also held with non-English speaking refugee and immigrant communities to elicit feedback on whether these models of care would meet their needs. Qualitative data was coded to explore emerging themes using a rapid deductive approach.

Results

Community partners shared mixed responses to models of care presented from the research literature. Immigrant and refugee communities explicitly stated these existing models would not fit their context. Regarding partnership strategy success, the smaller community partner group was engaged in the storyboard design process. The broader community interacted with and provided detailed responses to the models of care presented in the storyboards. Success was also reflected in community partners’ continued participation in the next stage of the project.

Discussion

Findings demonstrate how storyboarding can be effectively used to translate research evidence into accessible information to promote community partner engagement and capture community voice in policy processes. More work is needed exploring how such methods can be used to increase the use of research evidence in policy and practice spaces.
Increasing situational awareness through nowcasting of the reproduction number
Authors: Bizzotto Andrea , Guzzetta Giorgio , Marziano Valentina , Del Manso Martina , Mateo Urdiales Alberto , Petrone Daniele , Cannone Andrea , Sacco Chiara , Poletti Piero , Manica Mattia , Zardini Agnese , Trentini Filippo , Fabiani Massimo , Bella Antonino , Riccardo Flavia , Pezzotti Patrizio , Ajelli Marco , Merler Stefano
Published: August 2024

Background

The time-varying reproduction number R is a critical variable for situational awareness during infectious disease outbreaks; however, delays between infection and reporting of cases hinder its accurate estimation in real-time. A number of nowcasting methods, leveraging available information on data consolidation delays, have been proposed to mitigate this problem.

Methods

In this work, we retrospectively validate the use of a nowcasting algorithm during 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by quantitatively assessing its performance against standard methods for the estimation of R.

Results

Nowcasting significantly reduced the median lag in the estimation of R from 13 to 8 days, while concurrently enhancing accuracy. Furthermore, it allowed the detection of periods of epidemic growth with a lead of between 6 and 23 days.

Conclusions

Nowcasting augments epidemic awareness, empowering better informed public health responses.
Implications of causality in artificial intelligence
Authors: Cavique Luís
Published: August 2024

Over the last decade, investment in artificial intelligence (AI) has grown significantly, driven by technology companies and the demand for PhDs in AI. However, new challenges have emerged, such as the ‘black box’ and bias in AI models. Several approaches have been developed to reduce these problems. Responsible AI focuses on the ethical development of AI systems, considering social impact. Fair AI seeks to identify and correct algorithm biases, promoting equitable decisions. Explainable AI aims to create transparent models that allow users to interpret results. Finally, Causal AI emphasizes identifying cause-and-effect relationships and plays a crucial role in creating more robust and reliable systems, thereby promoting fairness and transparency in AI development. Responsible, Fair, and Explainable AI has several weaknesses. However, Causal AI is the approach with the slightest criticism, offering reassurance about the ethical development of AI.
Examining patronage intentions of customers: a case of green hotels
Authors: Shrivastava Priyanka , Gautam Vikas
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This research paper explores the increasing significance of sustainability within the hospitality industry, focusing on how customers' patronage intentions are influenced by green hotels. Amid rising global awareness of environmental issues, the study investigates the effect of hotels' green initiatives on customer behavior and decision-making. The analysis employs theories such as the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine the roles of environmental awareness, personal norms, and perceived behavioral control in shaping consumer choices at green hotels.

Method

The methodology involves a detailed survey of 418 travelers in India, evaluating their attitudes toward green hotels and how these attitudes impact their sustainable consumption behaviors. The survey aimed to gather data on participants' environmental awareness, personal norms, perceived behavioral control, and their intentions to support green hotels. Statistical analysis was used to interpret the survey responses and to identify significant trends and correlations.

Results

Findings from 397 valid responses indicate that well-informed consumers are more likely to support and prefer hotels committed to sustainability, positively affecting their purchasing decisions and loyalty. The data showed a strong correlation between environmental awareness and patronage intentions, with personal norms and perceived behavioral control also playing significant roles in consumer choices.

Discussion

The research enhances understanding of consumer behavior in sustainable tourism, providing important insights for hotel managers and policymakers. It underscores the importance of incorporating green practices into business strategies to appeal to environmentally conscious customers and emphasizes the need for continuous engagement and transparency in promoting environmental values. These practices are crucial for boosting customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hospitality industry. By aligning business operations with sustainable practices, hotels can not only attract more environmentally aware customers but also contribute positively to broader environmental goals.
Adoption strategies of fertility-sparing surgery for early-stage cervical cancer patients based on clinicopathological characteristics: a large retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ning Ying , Gao Xinyan , Kong Yan , Wang Yan , Tian Tian , Chen Yu , Yang Yufei , Lei Ke , Cui Zhumei
Published: August 2024

Background

The demand for fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) is increasing among patients with early-stage cervical cancer (CC). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of local excision as an alternative to hysterectomy in stage I CC patients aged 15–39 years—commonly referred to as adolescents and young adults (AYAs)—with varying clinicopathological characteristics.

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. We examined treatment interventions across different age groups, degrees of histological types, tumor differentiation, and tumor stages. The effect of local excision vs. hysterectomy was assessed by comparing overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates.

Results

A total of 10,629 stage I AYA cervical cancer patients were included in this study. Among these patients, 24.5% underwent local excision for fertility preservation, while 67.3% underwent radical hysterectomy. For patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), long-term outcomes favored local excision over hysterectomy, and a similar trend was observed in those with adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). However, the prognosis was comparable among patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (AC). In patients with well- and moderate- differentiated tumors, local excision demonstrated superior OS compared to hysterectomy. No significant differences in prognosis were found between the two surgical interventions for patients with poorly differentiated and undifferentiated tumors. In stage IA patients, local excision was considered a viable alternative to hysterectomy. In stage IB1–IB2, FSS yielded prognostic outcomes comparable to those of hysterectomy. Conversely, patients with stage IB3 exhibited significantly shorter 5-year OS and DSS following local excision than those who underwent hysterectomy.

Conclusion

In stage IA–IB2 (diameter ≤4 cm) AYA patients, local excision may serve as a viable option for fertility preservation. The histological type of SCC, AC, and ASCC, along with differentiation, should not serve as restrictive factors in determining fertility preservation strategies for these patients. Patients with early-stage, well- or moderately-differentiated SCC may benefit from local excision surgery, even when fertility preservation is not the primary objective.
Supplementation of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract contributes to the improvement of intestinal health in swine
Authors: Liu Xiangyan , Zhang Fusheng , Li Mengyao , Li Rong , Zhang Zhen , Xu Juan , Wen Lixin , Li Rongfang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Ampelopsis grossedentata (vine tea), a high polyphenol content antioxidant plant resource, is renowned for its medicinal benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ability, enhancement of intestinal immunity, improvement of intestinal structure, and regulation of gut microbiota in swine.

Methods

A total of 135 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose group, and a high-dose group. Pigs were weighed and blood was collected on days 36, 85, and 154. The feed intake was recorded daily to calculate growth performance parameters. On day 154, five to six pigs in each group were randomly selected and euthanized to obtain a small intestine to investigate the effects of AGE on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities and gut microbiota.

Results

The results showed that 500 mg/kg AGE increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and immune cytokines (IL-10, IgG, and IgA) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in serum. Additionally, 500 mg/kg AGE enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).

Discussion

A total of 500 mg/kg AGE significantly increased the abundance of gut microbiota, enhanced the gut barrier, and modulated gut immunity. During the piglet phase, 500 mg/kg AGE increased the relative abundance of Prevotella (p < 0.05). During the growing-finishing phase, 500 mg/kg AGE increased the relative abundance of unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Overall, we recommended 500 mg/kg AGE as a routine addition dose for swine to improve porcine growth performance and intestinal health.
Augmented Dataset for Vision-Based Analysis of Railroad Ballast via Multi-Dimensional Data Synthesis
Authors: Ding Kelin , Luo Jiayi , Huang Haohang , Hart John M. , Qamhia Issam I. A. , Tutumluer Erol
Published: August 2024

Ballast serves a vital structural function in supporting railroad tracks under continuous loading. The degradation of ballast can result in issues such as inadequate drainage, lateral instability, excessive settlement, and potential service disruptions, necessitating efficient evaluation methods to ensure safe and reliable railroad operations. The incorporation of computer vision techniques into ballast inspection processes has proven effective in enhancing accuracy and robustness. Given the data-driven nature of deep learning approaches, the efficacy of these models is intrinsically linked to the quality of the training datasets, thereby emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and meticulously annotated ballast aggregate dataset. This paper presents the development of a multi-dimensional ballast aggregate dataset, constructed using empirical data collected from field and laboratory environments, supplemented with synthetic data generated by a proprietary ballast particle generator. The dataset comprises both two-dimensional (2D) data, consisting of ballast images annotated with 2D masks for particle localization, and three-dimensional (3D) data, including heightmaps, point clouds, and 3D annotations for particle localization. The data collection process encompassed various environmental lighting conditions and degradation states, ensuring extensive coverage and diversity within the training dataset. A previously developed 2D ballast particle segmentation model was trained on this augmented dataset, demonstrating high accuracy in field ballast inspections. This comprehensive database will be utilized in subsequent research to advance 3D ballast particle segmentation and shape completion, thereby facilitating enhanced inspection protocols and the development of effective ballast maintenance methodologies.
Precise Servo-Control System of a Dual-Axis Positioning Tray Conveying Device for Automatic Transplanting Machine
Authors: Yao Mengjiao , Hu Jianping , Liu Wei , Shi Jiawei , Jin Yongwang , Lv Junpeng , Sun Zitong , Wang Che
Published: August 2024

To address the issues of poor positioning accuracy, low supply efficiency and inadequate adaptability for different tray specifications of the existing seedling tray conveying device, a dual-axis positioning tray conveying device was developed, which can accommodate seedling trays ranging from 21 to 288 holes. A dual-sensor positioning algorithm and variable displacement positioning method were proposed to increase the efficiency, ensuring precise initial positioning and intermittent movements both along the seedling conveyance (X-axis) and platform movement (Y-axis). The system utilizes a precise positioning servo-control system with three-closed-loop controls and a PID algorithm enhanced through simulation to refine seedling positioning accuracy. Experiments with nine different tray specifications were conducted on a step-controlled platform to test suitability, validating the performance of the initial positioning and intermittent transport in both the X and Y directions. On the X-axis, the initial positioning deviation of the seedling tray was up to 1.34 mm and the maximum deviation in the intermission conveying was 0.85 mm. Comparatively, the deviation on the Y-axis was smaller, with the initial positioning deviation up to 0.99 mm and the intermission moving deviation up to 0.98 mm. These results demonstrate that the designed device meets the requirements for precise transport, providing essential technological foundations for seedling tray transport and retrieval steps in fully automated transplanting machines.
Soil and Plant Nitrogen Management Indices Related to Within-Field Spatial Variability
Authors: Łukowiak Remigiusz , Barłóg Przemysław , Ceglarek Jakub
Published: August 2024

Field zones at risk of low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be identified by analyzing in-field spatial variability. This hypothesis was validated by analyzing soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) and several plant and soil N management indices. The research was conducted in Karmin (central Poland) during two growing seasons, with winter oilseed rape (2018/2019) and winter wheat (2019/2020). The study showed that the crop yield was positively related to Nmin. However, this N trait did not explain all the observed differences in the spatial variation of crop yield and plant N accumulation. In addition, the soil N management indices were more spatially variable during the growing season than the plant N management indices. Particularly high variability was found for the indices characterizing the N surplus in the soil-plant system. The calculated N surplus (Nb = N fertilizer input − N seed output) ranged from −62.8 to 80.0 kg N ha−1 (coefficient of variation, CV = 181.2%) in the rape field and from −123.5 to 8.2 kg N ha−1 (CV = 60.2%) in the wheat field. The spatial distribution maps also confirm the high variability of the parameters characterizing the post-harvest N surplus, as well as the total N input (soil + fertilizer) to the field with rape. The results obtained indicate that a field N balance carried out in different field zones allows a more accurate identification of potential N losses from the soil-plant system.
Exogenous Hemin Increases the Yield, Phenolic Compound Content, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Dragon Fruit during the High-Temperature Period
Authors: Sun Minmin , Khan Aaqil , Wang Jiahui , Ding Linchong , Yang Xiaohui , Xiong Jian , Sun Zhiyuan , Feng Naijie , Zheng Dianfeng
Published: August 2024

Dragon fruits have abundant nutritional and antioxidant properties. High temperatures limit the growth and production of dragon fruits. Hemin can effectively alleviate abiotic stress in plants. However, the regulatory effect of Hemin on dragon fruit under heat stress remains unclear. In this study, we explored the impacts of foliar application of Hemin on dragon fruit size, yield and quality during the high temperatures of the summer season. In this experiment, dragon fruit variety ‘Jindu No. 1’ was used as material and treated with three Hemin concentrations, i.e., H1: 1 μmol.L−1, H2: 10 μmol.L−1, H3: 100 μmol.L−1, compared with CK: control. The results show that exogenous Hemin increased the single fruit weight, yield, fruit shape index and edible rate. It also improved pericarp L* value, a* value, C* and decreased ho, improving the peel colour; exogenous Hemin enhanced soluble solids content and phenolic compounds content and antioxidant enzyme activities in the pulp of dragon fruit. In addition, exogenous Hemin increased the content of chlorophyll content in dragon fruit stems. Differential metabolites determined by metabolomic assay also indicated that Hemin significantly increased the content of active substances such as selagin. Additionally, the Hemin treatment H2 also activated the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which helps to mitigate the effects of high temperatures on dragon fruit. The current findings strongly advocate that H2 treatment may effectively counteract the adverse effects of heat stress by regulating the morph-physiological and antioxidant traits.
Characterization of Biochar Produced in a Mobile Handmade Kiln from Small-Sized Waste Biomass for Agronomic and Climate Change Benefits
Authors: John Vinicius , Braga Ana Rita de Oliveira , Danielli Criscian Kellen Amaro de Oliveira , Sousa Heiriane Martins , Danielli Filipe Eduardo , de Araujo Rayanne Oliveira , Marques-dos-Santos Cláudia Saramago de Carvalho , Falcão Newton Paulo de Souza , Guerra João Francisco Charrua
Published: August 2024

Soil amended with biochar is considered a significant response to climate change, remediation of degraded soils, and agronomic improvements. An artisanal mobile pyrolysis kiln was developed for small-sized biomass inputs. Approximately 190 kg of biochar was produced in 21 carbonisation processes using acai residues (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) as raw material, as they are among the most abundant agro-industrial residues in the Amazon. It is a valuable and underutilised biomass resource, often inadequately discarded, causing environmental impact and health risks. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of four representative biochar samples from the pyrolysis processes were evaluated using different techniques. The produced biochar had an average pH of 8.8 and the ICP-OES results indicate that the most abundant elements were potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). Results of the elemental composition indicate that the produced biochar has a very stable carbon with an average H/C ratio of 0.23 and O/C ratio of 0.16, indicating that the pyrolysis performed was effective in transforming organic and volatile compounds into stable structures. Variations in nutrient contents call for soil application planning, as performed for other agricultural inputs. The developed mobile kiln can be adapted and favour the decentralisation of biochar production among small and medium-sized producers. Here, we show that even with variations in artisanal production, the biochar produced exhibits favourable characteristics for agronomic use and combating climate changes.
The Influence of Some Reactive Oxygen Species Treatments on the Yield and Changes in the Chemical Composition of Potato Tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Skrobacz Karol , Szostek Małgorzata , Balawejder Maciej
Published: August 2024

In agriculture, there are various types of progress, and trends in agricultural production include the minimized use of chemicals and the production of food with favorable taste and increased nutritional value. In this study, during a three-year field experiment on potato cultivar Agria, ozone was applied in a fumigation process with an invented device, and hydrogen peroxide was applied as a foliar spray. The yield of ozone-treated plants was lower than of the control plants. Hydrogen peroxide treatment did not affect the yield of potatoes. Ozone fumigation had a positive effect on the chemical composition of tubers, while in the case of hydrogen peroxide, this effect occurred only in one year of research and only for selected parameters. The antioxidant response of plants, which is a defense response to artificially induced oxidative stress, contributes to the production of antioxidant-like metabolites by increasing the antiradical activity of crops by 3–23%, increasing the total content of polyphenolic compounds by 12–108%, and increasing the total antioxidant capacity by 23–42%. The obtained results confirmed that appropriate doses of ROS can be used in the field cultivation of potatoes to increase the nutritional value of tubers.
How Do Drought, Heat Stress, and Their Combination Impact Stem Reserve Mobilization in Wheat Genotypes?
Authors: Vaezi Behrouz , Arzani Ahmad , Roberts Thomas H.
Published: August 2024

Drought and heat stresses represent the primary agricultural challenges in arid and semiarid regions globally. In wheat, among the most vulnerable stages to these stresses is the grain-filling process. This critical phase relies heavily on photosynthesis during the late growth stage and the mobilization of stem reserves. This study evaluated 60 spring wheat lines from the CIMMYT-Mexico Core Germplasm (CIMCOG) panel alongside four Iranian wheat cultivars under normal, drought, heat, and combined drought and heat stress conditions in two growing seasons. Several agronomic traits, including those associated with stem reserve mobilization, were assessed during the study. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant impacts of both independent and combined drought and heat stresses on the measured traits. Moreover, these stresses influenced the inter-relationships among the traits. High-yielding genotypes were identified through a combination of ranking and genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) biplot analysis. Among the top 40 genotypes, 21 were identified as environment-specific, while 19 remained common across at least two environments. Environmental dependence of grain yield responses to the sinks including stem reserve mobilization and spike reserve mobilization was found. Utilizing a machine learning algorithm, a regression tree analysis unveiled specific traits—including grain filling and canopy temperature—that contributed significantly to the high-yielding features of the identified genotypes under the various environmental conditions. These traits can serve as indirect selection criteria for enhancing yield under stressful conditions and can also be targeted for manipulation to improve wheat stress tolerance.
Unveiling Genetic Potential for Equine Meat Production: A Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Šimon Martin , Kaić Ana , Potočnik Klemen
Published: August 2024

In view of the predicted significant increase in global meat production, alternative sources such as horsemeat are becoming increasingly important due to their lower environmental impact and high nutritional value. This study aimed to identify SNP markers on the GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler™ Equine (Neogen, Lansing, MI, USA) that are important for horsemeat production traits. First, orthologous genes related to meat yield in cattle and common genes between horses and cattle within QTLs for body size and weight were identified. Markers for these genes were then evaluated based on predicted variant consequences, GERP scores, and positions within constrained elements and orthologous regulatory regions in pigs. A total of 268 markers in 57 genes related to meat production were analyzed. This resulted in 27 prioritized SNP markers in 22 genes, including notable markers in LCORL, LASP1, IGF1R, and MSTN. These results will benefit smallholder farmers by providing genetic insights for selective breeding that could improve meat yield. This study also supports future large-scale genetic analyses such as GWAS and Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP). The results of this study may be helpful in improving the accuracy of genomic breeding values. However, limitations include reliance on bioinformatics without experimental validation. Future research can validate these markers and consider a wider range of traits to ensure accuracy in equine breeding.
Association between the Exposure to Phthalates and the Risk of Endometriosis: An Updated Review
Authors: Ribeiro Bárbara , Mariana Melissa , Lorigo Margarida , Oliani Denise , Ramalhinho Ana Cristina , Cairrao Elisa
Published: August 2024

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease, primarily associated with pelvic pain and infertility, that affects approximately 10% of the women of reproductive age. Estrogen plays a central role in endometriosis, and there is growing evidence that endocrine disruptors, such as phthalates, may contribute to its development. This review aimed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between phthalate exposure and the development of endometriosis, as well as the possible effects of phthalates on fertility, by analyzing epidemiological data. After a literature search with a combination of specific terms on this topic, we found that although there are limitations to the current studies, there is a clear association between phthalate exposure and endometriosis. Phthalates can interfere with the cellular processes of the endometrium; specifically, they can bind to PPAR and ER-α and activate TGF-β, promoting different signaling cascades that regulate the expression of specific target genes. This may lead to inflammation, invasion, cytokine alteration, increased oxidative stress, and impaired cell viability and proliferation, culminating in endometriosis. Nevertheless, future research is important to curb the progression and development of endometriosis, and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are a priority. In this regard, public policies and recommendations to reduce exposure to phthalates and other endocrine disruptors should be promptly implemented.