bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partnering to Support a Mindfulness-Informed Social and Emotional Learning Program in Elementary Schools: Strategies Aligned with the Quality Implementation Framework
Authors: Delaney Andrea , Crooks Claire V. , Bax Karen , Savage Sandra , Spencer Terry
Published: October 2022

In this case study we use the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) to identify implementation strategies within the context of a six-year university–school board partnership that implemented and evaluated the MindUP program in Southwestern Ontario. Attention to all four phases in the QIF were found to contribute to the success of the initiative. Being implementation-sensitive required significant pre-implementation work at the outset, ongoing attunement to changing contexts and challenges, and dissemination to target stakeholders. The community-based participatory research principles, the importance of alignment, rapid knowledge mobilization within and beyond partners, and responding to challenges and opportunities were identified as key components for success.
Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Grain Yield and Quality Characters
Authors: Rajasekhar Jalla , Lavanya G. R. , Purushotham Gattikoppula , Kumar D. Praveen
Published: October 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate Twenty Five Upland Rice genotypes. There are various aspects to move up rice yield, such as creating of irrigation work, development of rice ecosystems, soil conditions, traditional practices, and breeding of high yielding genotypes. Among them, it seems that the most effective and economic way available is to develop different rice ecosystems especially Upland Rice Genotypes. High to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for number of panicles per hill and number of tillers per hill. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of panicles per hill, number of tillers per hill, grain yield per hill, test weight and flag leaf length, indicating that these traits are most probably under the control of additive gene action and hence these traits can be fixed by proper selection.Days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of panicles per hill, flag leaf width, spikelets per panicle, days to maturity, biological yield per hill, harvest index and test weight, exhibited positive significant correlation with grain yield per hill at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, indicating selection based on these traits could be more effective to maximize grain yield. Days to 50% flowering, biological yield per hill and harvest index had positive direct effect on grain yield per hill. Therefore, selection program should be based on these traits for crop improvement with high yielding genotypes in Upland rice.
Recommendations for Care of Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Auger Samuel , Davis Andrew , Rosenberg Ari J.
Published: October 2022

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American Head and Neck Society’s 2021 consensus statement on care of survivors of head and neck cancer.
Avoiding Checkmate—Playing Chess With Cancer
Authors: Desai Aakash
Published: October 2022

The author of this essay uses his experience learning the complex planning and strategies of chess in childhood to illustrate the importance of informed strategy in the treatment of patients with cancer.
Special Issue Dedicated to Andreas Pfaltz
Authors: Glorius Frank , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: October 2022

No Abstract

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N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Molecular Porters of Surface Mounted Ru‐Porphyrins
Authors: Knecht Peter , Meier Dennis , Reichert Joachim , Duncan David A. , Schwarz Martin , Küchle Johannes T. , Lee Tien‐Lin , Deimel Peter S. , Feulner Peter , Allegretti Francesco , Auwärter Willi , Médard Guillaume , Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Barth Johannes V. , Papageorgiou Anthoula C.
Published: October 2022

Ru‐porphyrins act as convenient pedestals for the assembly of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on solid surfaces. Upon deposition of a simple NHC ligand on a close packed Ru‐porphyrin monolayer, an extraordinary phenomenon can be observed: Ru‐porphyrin molecules are transferred from the silver surface to the next molecular layer. We have investigated the structural features and dynamics of this portering process and analysed the associated binding strengths and work function changes. A rearrangement of the molecular layer is induced by the NHC uptake: the NHC selective binding to the Ru causes the ejection of whole porphyrin molecules from the molecular layer on silver to the layer on top. This reorganisation can be reversed by thermally induced desorption of the NHC ligand. We anticipate that the understanding of such mass transport processes will have crucial implications for the functionalisation of surfaces with carbenes.
Imaging Photoelectron Circular Dichroism in the Detachment of Mass‐Selected Chiral Anions
Authors: Triptow Jenny , Fielicke André , Meijer Gerard , Green Mallory
Published: October 2022

Photoelectron Circular Dichroism (PECD) is a forward‐backward asymmetry in the photoemission from a non‐racemic sample induced by circularly polarized light. PECD spectroscopy has potential analytical advantages for chiral discrimination over other chiroptical methods due to its increased sensitivity to the chiral potential of the molecule. The use of anions for PECD spectroscopy allows for mass‐selectivity and provides a path to simple experimental schemes that employ table‐top light sources. Evidence of PECD for anions is limited, and insight into the forces that govern PECD electron dynamics in photodetachment is absent. Here, we demonstrate a PECD effect in the photodetachment of mass‐selected deprotonated 1‐indanol anions. By utilizing velocity map imaging photoelectron spectroscopy with a tunable light source, we determine the energy‐resolved PECD over a wide range of photon energies. The observed PECD reaches up to 11 %, similar to what has been measured for neutral species.
Multi‐factor influence on the properties of polymer fiber‐based artificial muscles
Authors: Han Yali , Zhao Tian , Jin Zhuangzhuang , Sun Han
Published: October 2022

Thermosensitive polymer artificial muscle fiber filaments made of two polymers, cyclic olefin copolymer elastomer (COCe) and polyethylene (PE), have the ability to sense changes generated by the external environment temperature. To optimize the thermosensitive polymer performance, this work investigates the effects of heating temperature, tensile load, strain rate, and mix proportion applied to COCe‐PE polymers on mechanical properties of the resulting fiber‐based muscle. The fiber filament deformation, stress distribution, and penetration characteristics are compared with multifactor coupling parameters utilizing a computational fluid dynamics simulation model. The simulation results show that although increasing the heating temperature has a small effect on the deformation of the fiber filaments, the interpenetration between the materials is better improved with the increase of temperature. Increasing the tensile load and strain rate can effectively increase the fiber filament deformation and improve the interpenetration between materials. The mix proportion of the two materials has a large effect on the plasticity and brittleness of the materials, and the different mix proportion also have a profound effect on the interpenetration. This study could provide some guidelines for the manufacture of artificial muscle fiber filament.
Reinforcing mechanism and experimental study of environmentally friendly potassium oleate in silica/natural rubber system
Authors: Qu Shengqi , Hao Yingjie , Xiao Yao , Xue Junxiu , Sui Zhihua , Pan Yi , Liang Jinzhou , Zhu Donglin , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: October 2022

This paper prepared potassium oleate/silica/natural rubber composites by atomization spray drying technology. This study compared the effects of the environmental protection accelerator potassium oleate and amine accelerator 1,3‐diphenylguanidine on the Payne effect, silane reaction index, vulcanization performance, mechanical properties, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and aging properties of silica/natural rubber. The results show that potassium oleate can promote the silane reaction and increase the silane reaction's efficiency. When potassium oleate formed the silica coating, the carboxyl group of potassium oleate and the hydroxyl group of silica were bonded to form a covalent bond, which reduced the polarity of silica and promoted the dispersion effect of silica in the rubber matrix and enhanced the compatibility with rubber. Compared with the original formulation, after adding 3 phr of potassium oleate, the fracture elongation of vulcanized rubber was increased by 17.2%, tensile product increased by 57.3% and rolling resistance decreased by 54.6%. After adding 3 phr of 1,3‐diphenylguanidine, the fracture elongation of vulcanized rubber was increased by 1.1%, tensile product increased by 51.1% and rolling resistance decreased by 48.6%. In contrast, the anti‐aging performance of the rubber composites with potassium oleate was better than that of 1,3‐diphenylguanidine. This study opens up a new way to apply a new green rubber accelerator and prepare high‐performance rubber composites.
Preparation and properties of a clean, low‐damage waterproof locking damage multifunctional integrated water‐based fracturing fluid
Authors: Fan Meiling , Lai Xiaojuan , Tang Meirong , Li Jing , Wang Lei , Gao Jinhao
Published: October 2022

In the wake of increasingly serious challenges in oilfield production and energy utilization, oil and gas reservoirs with ultra‐low permeability have gained tremendous importance for global energy supply. In such reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is an important stimulation measure. Here, to develop a high‐performance fracturing fluid, a novel type of water‐based thickener named FPM‐2 was exploited based on low‐molecular weight alcohol and hydrophobically associating polymers, labeled as AAOS, and synthesized using acrylamide, acryloyl acid, octadecyl dimethyl allyl ammonium chloride, and octadecyl methacrylate. Dissolution rate and scanning electron microscope results showed the system to be a fast‐soluble thickener with a spatially cross‐linked network structure. The viscosity of 0.8 wt% FPM‐2 reached up to 216 mPa·s. Investigation of the rheological behavior showed that the thickener, 1.4 wt% FPM‐2, could withstand a temperature up to 180°C after being sheared for 80 min at 170 s−1, and its viscosity was up to 53 mPa·s. The 0.6 wt% FPM‐2 sample also displayed excellent shear recovery properties and high viscoelasticity. The most fascinating aspect of FPM‐2 was that its unique formula imparted the thickener with characteristics such as enhanced self‐association, waterproof locking, and prevention of wax formation. In this research, the recovery value of core permeability exceeded 80%, and wax was precipitated as small‐sized particles that prevented pipeline blockage. Therefore, the use of this multi‐effect cleansing thickener should set the trend for the development of oil and gas resources.
Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism promotes cyclophilin D‐p53 interaction to induce apoptosis of hemocytes in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Zhang Pan , Liu Zi‐Yan , Yu Dan , Xu Cui‐Xian , Hu Yan , Liang Ya‐Ping , Jin Jie , Li Ming
Published: October 2022

Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism can induce apoptosis of hemocytes in the M. bicolortus host, Spodoptera litura. However, it is unclear how M. bicolortus parasitism regulates host signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Expression of cyclophilin D (CypD) and p53 was significantly upregulated in S. litura hemocytes at 6 days postparasitization. In the parasitized hemocytes, there was mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) loss, cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria, and caspase‐3 activation. These occurred while hemocytes were undergoing upregulation of CypD and p53. Parasitism also promoted the interaction between CypD and p53. CypD silencing could rescue the apoptotic phenotypes induced by parasitism, but had no effect on apoptosis in unparasitized S. litura. These findings suggest that the CypD‐p53 pathway may be an important component of the parasitism‐induced immunosuppressive response and establish a basis for further studies of parasitoid/host interactions.
Recent progress on small molecular temperature‐sensitive fluorescent probes
Authors: Sun Yue , Fu Manlin , Bian Mianli , Zhu Qing
Published: October 2022

Temperature is an important biophysical parameter that is closely related with the metabolic activity in living cells. Therefore, the detection of intracellular temperature changes is crucial for exploring temperature‐related biological processes. Fluorescence probe is an ideal tool for observing temperature changes in cells, which has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, and noninvasive, and thus aroused the great interest of researchers. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress of organic small molecule temperature‐sensitive fluorescence probes in recent years was reviewed. Particularly, we describe the common response mode to the temperature and the practical applications of the probe in living cells and even animal models. Moreover, an outlook regarding temperature detection in clinical applications is discussed. The temperature‐sensitive fluorescent probe is a “black box” to many researchers. This review aims to open a window on the prospect of the noninvasive in vivo detection of temperature which is helpful to deeper understand this rich research area.
Study of the impact of social learning and gamification methodologies on learning results in higher education
Authors: Sousa‐Vieira María E. , López‐Ardao Jose C. , Fernández‐Veiga Manuel , Rodríguez‐Rubio Raúl F.
Published: October 2022

In this study, as the last step of a longitudinal study of the impact of social learning and gamification methodologies on learning results in higher education, we have recorded the activity in a software platform based on Moodle, specially built for encouraging online participation of the students to design, carry out and evaluate a set of learning tasks and games, during two consecutive editions of an undergraduate course. Our aim is to confirm the relationships between the patterns of accomplishment of the gamified activities and the network structure of the social graphs associated with the online forums with knowledge acquisition and final outcomes. For this purpose, we have offered two learning paths, traditional and novel, to our students. We have identified course variables that quantitatively explain the improvements reported when using the innovative methodologies integrated into the course design, and we have applied techniques from the social network analysis (SNA) and the machine learning/deep learning (ML/DL) domains to conduct success/failure classification methods finding that, generally, very good results are obtained when an ensemble approach is used, that is, when we blend the predictions made by different classifiers. The proposed methodology can be used over reduced datasets and variable time windows for having early estimates that allow pedagogical interventions. Finally, we have applied other statistical tests to our datasets, that confirm the influence of the learning path on learning results.
Self‐Assembled Micro‐Sized Hexagons Built from Short DNA in a Crowded Environment
Authors: Makino Tetsunao , Nakane Daisuke , Tanaka Makiko
Published: October 2022

DNA programmable structures of various morphologies have attracted extensive attention due to their potential for materials science and biomedical applications. Here, we report the formation of micro‐sized hexagons via assembly of only one pair of short double‐stranded DNA in buffer‐salt poly(ethylene glycol) solution. Each DNA strand had complementary bases with a two‐base overhang. The procedure of heating and subsequent cooling of blunt‐ended double‐stranded DNA resulted in different assemblies. These results indicated that end‐to‐end adhesion at the terminals induced by complementary overhangs were required to construct the hexagonal DNA assemblies. The stable formation of the hexagons was highly dependent on heating temperature. In addition, concentration adjustments of DNA and poly(ethylene glycol) were essential. Circular dichroism spectral measurements and polarization microscopy observations indicated parallel alignment of double‐stranded DNA in the hexagonal platelet. Self‐assembled micro‐sized hexagons composed of simple building blocks may have great potential for future biomedical device development.
The role of DDX46 in breast cancer proliferation and invasiveness: A potential therapeutic target
Authors: Ma Zhongliang , Song Jinlian , Hua Yanan , Wang Yu , Cao Weihong , Wang Haibo , Hou Lin
Published: October 2022

DDX46, a member of DEAD‐box (DDX) proteins, is associated with various cancers, while its involvement in the pathogenesis of breast cancer hasn't been reported so far. The study demonstrated the overexpression of DDX46 in human breast cancer cells and tissue samples, and correlated with high histological grade and lymph node metastasis. Downregulation of DDX46 in the breast cancer cell lines inhibited their proliferation and invasiveness in vitro. Furthermore, the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts was suppressed in nude mice by DDX46 knockingdown. Taken together, our findings suggest that DDX46 is an oncogenic factor in human breast cancer, and a potential therapeutic target.
Cutis verticis gyrata in a 24‐year‐old young man revealing a T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Saad Sarra , Fetoui Nadia Ghariani , Rouatbi Jacem , Mokni Sana , Ghariani Najet , Sriha Baderedine , Denguezli Mohamed
Published: October 2022

T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) is frequently revealed by amediastinal mass or peripheral lymphadenopathy. Skin lesions in T‐LBLusually present as multiple nodules associated with multiple peripherallymphadenopathy and bone marrow invasion. Our patient is particular bythe revealing presentation of the lesions as Cutis verticis gyrate.
Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics on Vapor and Gas Cavitation for Oil Hydraulics
Authors: Osterland Sven , Günther Lennard , Weber Jürgen
Published: October 2022

A compressible Euler‐Euler computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for vapor, gas, and pseudo‐cavitation in oil‐hydraulic flows is presented. For vapor, the Zwart‐Gerber‐Belamri (ZGB) model is used and for gas cavitation, the Lifante model. The aim is to determine the empirical parameters within the cavitation models for hydraulic oil by comparing CFD results to experiments in a realistic valve. The cavitating flow is visualized and measured for numerous operating points. By degassing, states of pure vapor cavitation are generated. The major findings are: (1) large eddy simulation turbulence modeling is essential, (2) vapor cavitation in mineral oil can be simulated very well with the ZGB model using the determined parameter, and (3) gas cavitation model provides useful results although not all details can be reflected and its scope is limited.
A cost‐effective approach to generate accurate correlations via analyzing a minimum number of data points; Case study on the convection heat transfer problem
Authors: Darbandi Masoud , Jalali Ramin
Published: October 2022

It is very common in the heat transfer area to analyze and design heat equipment using the past available heat correlations. Basically, demanding higher‐accuracy correlations enforces the heat laboratories to test and collect larger banks of laboratory data. However, this conversely affects the laboratory cost. Therefore, it becomes challenging to create new approaches that let the correlation developers use smaller experimental datasets and provide correlations with sufficient accuracies. To surmount this challenge, the present work develops a new approach that benefits from the computational fluid dynamics method as a reliable and cheap tool and adequately enriches the original, insufficient dataset. Then, suitable enhanced correlations are developed using the new enriched experimental‐numerical‐based dataset. In parallel, the artificial neural network (ANN) is used to enrich the original insufficient dataset separately. Using this experimental‐ANN‐based dataset, it provides a totally ANN‐based correlation. It is shown that the results of enhanced correlations are as accurate as those of the ANN‐based correlation. However, the point is that the use of the present approach is about 100 times faster than using the ANN. The typical forced convection heat transfer through a pipe is examined here to show the capabilities of the current approach.
An Easy‐to‐Use Custom‐Built Cell for Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies of Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Risskov Sørensen Daniel , Østergaard Drejer Andreas , Heere Michael , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Frontzek Matthias , Hansen Thomas , Didier Christophe , Peterson Vanessa K. , Bomholdt Ravnsbæk Dorthe , Ry Vogel Jørgensen Mads
Published: October 2022

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Daniel R. Sørensen at the University of Aarhus (Denmark) and at the University of Lund (Sweden). The cover picture shows a battery cell designed for in operando neutron powder diffraction. The picture seeks to illustrate the experiment process where lithium ions are moving into the crystal structure of the battery cathode during discharge. This leads to changes in the crystal structure that are very important to understand for optimizing the battery materials. These structural changes are probed in operando by neutron powder diffraction, and neutrons are especially suited for probing the location of Li‐ion compared with similar techniques such as X‐ray diffraction. The beauty of using neutrons is also that their penetrating power allows for investigating the battery without the need for windows of any kind. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/cmtd.202200046.
Acid Dissociation in (HX)n(H2O)nClusters (X=F, Cl, Br, I;n=2, 3)**
Authors: Vargas‐Caamal Alba , Dzib Eugenia , Ortiz‐Chi Filiberto , Restrepo Albeiro , Merino Gabriel
Published: October 2022

In this work, we analyze the interactions between two or three hydrogen halide molecules and the same number of water moieties through a systematic exploration of their potential energy surfaces. Our results indicate that the most stable HF and HCl aggregates do not experience dissociation of any of the acid fragments, even with three water molecules. In contrast, in the HBr and HI clusters, one of the acid fragments does dissociate. While the global minimum of (HBr)3(H2O)3is a hydrogen‐bridged bihalide anion (BrHBr−), which is persistent at temperatures up to 203 K, the lowest energy structure of (HI)3(H2O)3has a separated ion pair, but the motif with a bihalide anion (IHI−) is only 0.2 kcal mol−1above the global minimum. Among the more stable structures is a broad spectrum of contacts, including water⋯water, HX⋯water, and HX⋯HX hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, ionic and long‐range X⋯H contacts.
Inclusion of Social and Structural Determinants of Health to Advance Understanding of their Influence on the Biology of Chronic Disease
Authors: Emeny Rebecca T. , Zhang Kai , Goodman Daisy , Dev Alka , Lewinson Terri , Wolff Kristina , Kerrigan Carolyn L. , Kraft Sally
Published: October 2022

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) consider social, political, and economic factors that contribute to health disparities in patients and populations. The most common health‐related SDOH exposures are food and housing insecurity, financial instability, transportation needs, low levels of education, and psychosocial stress. These domains describe risks that can impact health outcomes more than health care. Epidemiologic and translational research demonstrates that SDOH factors represent exposures that predict harm and impact the health of individuals. International and national guidelines urge health professionals to address SDOH in clinical practice and public health. The further implementation of these recommendations into basic and translational research, however, is lagging. Herein, we consider a precision health framework to describe how SDOH contributes to the exposome and exacerbates physiologic pathways that lead to chronic disease. SDOH factors are associated with various forms of stressors that impact physiological processes through epigenetic, inflammatory, and redox regulation. Many SDOH exposures may add to or potentiate the pathologic effects of additional environmental exposures. This overview aims to inform basic life science and translational researchers about SDOH exposures that can confound associations between classic biomedical determinants of disease and health outcomes. To advance the study of toxicology through either qualitative or quantitative assessment of exposures to chemical and biological substances, a more complete environmental evaluation should include SDOH exposures. We discuss common approaches to measure SDOH factors at individual and population levels and review the associations between SDOH risk factors and physiologic mechanisms that influence chronic disease. We provide clinical and policy‐based motivation to encourage researchers to consider the impact of SDOH exposures on study results and data interpretation. With valid measures of SDOH factors incorporated into study design and analyses, future toxicological research may contribute to an evidence base that can better inform prevention and treatment options, to improve equitable clinical care and population health. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Synthesis and Use of the Bifunctional Sulfenic Acid Probe BCN‐E‐BCN for In Vitro and Cell‐Based Assays of Protein Oxidation
Authors: Micovic Katarina , Satkunarajah Thershan , Carnet Alexandre , Hurst Mackenzie , Viirre Russell , Olson Michael F.
Published: October 2022

The reversible oxidation of cysteine thiol groups to sulfenic acid by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide can impact protein function, activity, and localization. As a consequence, ROS have profound effects on cell functions including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Furthermore, there are clear associations between the effects of ROS on cells and the etiology of several diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. In spite of the importance of cysteine sulfenylation as a validated post‐translational modification, its labile nature impedes efficient and reproducible detection of proteins with cysteine sulfenic acid residues. To overcome this challenge, we developed a novel cell‐permeable bifunctional reagent, consisting of two linked bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) moieties coupled with a short ethylenediamine‐derived linker (BCN‐E‐BCN) that enables the detection of sulfenylated proteins in vitro and in intact cells. The two symmetrical BCN groups allow protein sulfenic acids to be selectively tagged with a BCN at one end while allowing for copper‐free click chemistry with azide‐tagged reagents of the opposite BCN. In this protocol, the synthesis of BCN‐E‐BCN and its use to detect cysteine sulfenic acids will be detailed. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Copper‐mediated cyclopropanation of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene

Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of endo‐ and exo‐bicyclononyne

Basic Protocol 3: Synthesis of endo‐BCN‐E‐BCN

Basic Protocol 4: BCN‐E‐BCN treatment of wild‐type and cysteine‐deficient mutant recombinant cofilin protein

Basic Protocol 5: BCN‐E‐BCN labeling in live cells

Basic Protocol 6: Western blotting and visualization of BCN‐E‐BCN‐labeled samples
Calibration of a crop growth model in APSIM for 15 publicly available corn hybrids in North America
Authors: Winn Cassandra Anne , Archontoulis Sotirios , Edwards Jode
Published: October 2022

Application of crop growth models (CGMs) in plant breeding is limited by the large number of candidate cultivars that breeders work with and the large number of CGM parameters that affect cultivar performance. The objectives of this study were to (1) calibrate 15 publicly available maize hybrids in Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator and quantify prediction accuracy in modeling physiological trait differences (yield, biomass, phenology, etc.) among genotypes; (2) better understand minimum phenotypic data requirements for CGM cultivar calibration to inform breeding efforts; and (3) quantify simulated genotype by environment interactions (G × E) across years for five traits. We calibrated hybrids with two years of multi‐trait, temporal field measurements. The R2 of simulated versus observed phenotypes was 0.89 for grain yield and over 0.80 for half of all other simulated traits. Phenology parameters accounted for nearly half of the variability in grain yield. Average (across traits) normalized root mean square error was reduced from 35% to 30% with calibration based on phenological measurements and was reduced to 20% with inclusion of physiological and nitrogen‐related measurements such as radiation use efficiency and grain nitrogen. Long‐term simulations demonstrated distinct G × E among the hybrids which accounted for 2%–29% of the total genetic variation across traits. Parameter values derived in this work will provide insight regarding important physiological traits for further phenotyping, selection, and understanding of G × E. These calibrations are for publicly available hybrids, which are currently lacking.
Enhancing the plasticity, proper function and efficient use of energy of the Sun, genes and microtubules using variability
Authors: Ilan Yaron
Published: October 2022

Backgournd

Variability is essential for the efficient functioning of multiple systems in nature. Systems do not function according to rigid rules, easy to determine. The reasons for such behaviour directly affect the design and efficient energy utilization.

Aim and methods

In this paper, we review the relevant studies and present examples of variabilities in the functions of the Sun, genes and microtubules (MTs) and discuss the potential implications of these variabilities to their operations.

Results

Variability characterizes multiple systems in nature and is mandatory for their proper function. Variability can also be detercted in quantum effects in physics and several biological systems. Loss of the inherent variability of systems leads to less efficient energy usage and is associated with their malfunction. Variability is an energy‐dependent effect, and examples of the potential importance of electromagnetic energy in the behaviours of the Sun, genes, MTs and quantum effects are provided. Methods are presented for increasing the degrees of the variability of systems for improving their efficiency of energy usage, correcting malfunctioning systems that lost their variability, and improving their function.

The collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines in science, along with notions based on literature, philosophy, and industry‐evolving concepts, set up variability‐based signatures for progressing systems. Uses of these methods are demonstrated in therapeutic interventions and designing daily‐use devices.
Take a vacation: You really need it!
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: October 2022

For two and a half years, the world has been held hostage by the COVID‐19 pandemic. For many of us, this period has been the most stressful years of our lives.
OCR annual report outlines key activities
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2022

For a review of the Office for Civil Rights’ key actions and interests over the past year, review the agency's annual report, Safeguarding Students’ Civil Rights, Promoting Educational Excellence.
How many fathers? Study design implications when inferring multiple paternity in crocodilians
Authors: Isberg Sally R.
Published: October 2022

Up to 10 males were reported to sire clutches of crocodilian eggs but review of the underlying study designs raised questions of potential upward bias of inferred sire numbers. To test this premise, different scenarios were explored using a published dataset of 16 known single‐sire saltwater crocodile pairs and their offspring which were originally confirmed using a 11 loci microsatellite panel in CERVUS. Varying the number of microsatellites, omitting one or both parental genotypes and using different parentage analysis techniques revealed that total allele number, rather than number of loci, determined inferred sire accuracy in two opposing ways. Using the single‐locus minimum method and GERUD, which both require prior knowledge of family groupings (i.e., nests), fewer alleles (and loci) accurately inferred only one father. In contrast, CERVUS and COLONY required all 11 loci (65 alleles) and both parental genotypes to (a) assign correct family groups and (b) infer the correct sire number, except in one family where two sires were equally assigned based on their number of homozygous loci. When less genotype information was provided, CERVUS and COLONY inferred up to six and seven sires, respectively. Given this data is from confirmed single‐sire matings, and yet up to seven sires could be inferred, the significance of inappropriate study design is clearly demonstrated. Consideration should be carefully given to genotype data, particularly those collected specifically for population diversity studies, which are also used to infer multiple paternity because the underlying data collection assumptions are not equivalent between the two outcomes.
Tradeoff in the supply and demand for CO2dominates the divergence of net photosynthesis rates of functional plants in alpine ecosystems
Authors: Yao Hongyun , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Cicheng , Wang Pei , Shi Fangzhong , Deng Yujing
Published: October 2022

The responses of photosynthesis to change of temperature and CO2concentration are divergent among various alpine plant species at high altitude regions; however, very few direct in situ measurements have been conducted to compare photosynthetic capacity among different functional plants along altitude gradients in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). This study measured the net photosynthetic assimilation rate (An), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) for CO2of three plant functional types (PFTs, sedge, grass and shrub) and functional traits at different altitudes in the Qinghai Lake watershed during growing season. Meanwhile we simulated An of the PFTs under potential future scenario. Results indicate that grass maintain a relatively stable An by decreasingVcmax,Jmax, ratio ofJmaxtoVcmax(J/V) andgs, while slightly increasinggmwith increasing altitudes. In contrast, the An of sedge and shrubs increased with risingVcmax,Jmax,gsandgmvalues, resulting in a large increment in the An at low altitudes. Grass was less sensitive to temperature by reducing the supply of CO2, while sedge and shrub increased.Cawas a more dominant factor thanTain affecting the An of grass. The order of rising An in PFTs was shrub > sedge > grass, and the An of alpine meadow was found to increase more under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Our results indicate that grass may be more resistant to future warming and suggested that considering PFTs is of great significance for improving the simulating of the response of vegetation physiological and ecological processes to future climate change in alpine regions.
RETRACTED: Wireless communication channel modeling using machine learning
Authors: Kamruzzaman MM , Hossin Md Altab , Alrashdi Ibrahim , Alanazi Saad , Alruwaili Madallah , Alshammari Nasser , Elaiwat Said , Zaman Roksana
Published: October 2022

Channel modeling is crucial in the development of wireless communication systems. Analyzing a large amount of data is typical practice before using statistical methods to construct appropriate channel models. Using channel estimate on top of channel modeling, physical layer transmission at huge bandwidth is a major challenge in current mobile communications. New 5G and diverse Internet of Things necessitate more effective channel modeling and estimation techniques. Machine learning (ETM‐ML) has been suggested in this research as a way to evaluate the transmission medium. With the arrival of 6G and the heterogeneous Internet of Things (H‐IoT), many challenging application scenarios will arise, necessitating the development of a more effective channel modeling and estimate approach. The suggested framework's trustworthiness is proven by the simulation analysis, which is based on correctness and efficiency.
Determination of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity of Iranian Allium sativum controversum extracts and their antimicrobial properties in fresh sausages
Authors: Madani Adeleh , Choobkar Nasrin , Garmakhany Amir Daraei
Published: October 2022

In this study, Iranian Allium sativum controversum extracts, as a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, extracted by solvents were analyzed. Based on the analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and radical scavenging activity (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) of each extract, ethanol extracts were finally added to the sausage formulation at 0.5 and 1.5%w/v. Treatments were kept at refrigerated temperature (4–5°C) for 1, 15, and 30 days, and DPPH and microbial assays were performed on the treatments and the control samples. Experimental data were performed in a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement. Hydroalcoholic extract had the highest total phenols and the aqueous extract of Allium sativum controversum showed the highest radical scavenging activity (11.85 ± 0.81 mg/g). No colony counts were observed on the first day of the coliform count. On 15 to 30 days, the control sample showed the highest count and the treatment containing Allium sativum controversum extract (1.5%) had the lowest coliform count. During the first month, the control sample had the highest count of Staphylococcus aureus. Regarding mold and yeast, a treatment containing Allium sativum controversum extract (1.5%) and the control sample had the lowest and highest count, respectively. The results showed that using Allium sativum controversum extracts and increased radical scavenging activity reduced microbial growth during the storage period.
Disparities in head and neck cancer incidence and trends by race/ethnicity and sex
Authors: Mazul Angela L. , Chidambaram Smrithi , Zevallos Jose P. , Massa Sean T.
Published: October 2022

Background

The epidemiology of head and neck cancer (HNC) sites differ substantially. This study compares HNC incidence trends by site and demographic subgroups.

Methods

We used the U.S. Cancer Statistics Public Use Database to calculate HNC incidence rates per 100 000. We assessed trends with annual percent change (APC) longitudinally from 2001 to 2017.

Results

The oropharyngeal cancer incidence APC decreased from 4.38% (95% CI: 3.6, 5.1) to 2.93% (2.5, 3.3) in 2008 among White males. Oral cavity cancer incidence rose in Other race males (APC 2.5% [1.6, 3.36]) and White females (APC: 0.96% [0.7, 1.2]). Although decreasing (APC: −1.15% [−1.48, −0.83]), laryngeal cancer incidence remained disproportionately high among Black males.

Conclusions

Notable incidence trends occurred in non‐White groups at non‐oropharyngeal sites. With parity of smoking rates by race, differing sexual behaviors, and shifting demographics by race and sex, future studies of HNC trends should consider stratifying analyses to understand health disparities.
Primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the prostate in a patient with HIV infection
Authors: Ujiie Takashi , Kawai Taketo , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Tadashi , Oshima Yasutoshi , Fujikura Mutsuo , Akiyama Nobu , Sasajima Yuko , Tashiro Haruko , Nakagawa Tohru
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Primary prostate lymphomas are very rare; however, the incidence of malignant lymphoma is high among HIV‐infected patients. Herein, we report a case of primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the prostate in an HIV‐infected patient.

Case presentation

A 47‐year‐old man presented with miction pain and back pain. Abdominal CT revealed a huge prostate mass extending to the left retroperitoneum. Serum sIL‐2R level was abnormally high (2896 U/mL), whereas PSA level was normal. HIV antigen and antibody tests were positive. The patient was diagnosed with DLBCL after a prostate biopsy. Systemic treatments were administered; however, the tumor was refractory, and the patient died 9 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion

Prostate malignant lymphomas are rare but should be considered in patients with enlarged prostates and normal PSA levels. It should be noted that HIV patients have a high incidence of malignant lymphomas.
Lung ultrasound as a screening tool for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in surgical patients
Authors: García Alberto F. , Ángel‐Isaza Ana María , Chica Julian , Estrada David Esteban , Vargas‐Morales Carlos Andrés , Revelo‐Noguera Jorge , Morell Tatiana , Gómez Jeison Antonio , Rodríguez Holguín Fernando , Umaña Mauricio , Serna José Julián , Carvajal Sandra
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound (LUS) in screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients requiring surgery.

Methods

Patients underwent a LUS protocol that included a scoring system for screening COVID‐19 pneumonia as well as RT‐PCR test for SARS‐CoV‐2. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was determined for the relationship between LUS score and PCR test results for COVID‐19. The optimal threshold for the best discrimination between non‐COVID‐19 patients and COVID‐19 patients was calculated.

Results

Among 203 patients enrolled (mean age 48 years; 82 males), 8.3% were COVID‐19‐positive; 4.9% were diagnosed via the initial RT‐PCR test. Of the patients diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2, 64.7% required in‐hospital management and 17.6% died. The most common ultrasound findings were B lines (19.7%) and a thickened pleura (19.2%). The AUC of the ROC curve of the relationship of LUS score with a cutoff value >8 versus RT‐PCR test for the assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia was 0.75 (95% CI 0.61–0.89; sensitivity 52.9%; specificity 91%; LR (+) 6.15, LR (−) 0.51).

Conclusion

The LUS score in surgical patients is not a useful tool for screening patients with potential COVID‐19 infection. LUS score shows a high specificity with a cut‐off value of 8.
Examining shortened versions of the Social Responsiveness Scale for use in autism spectrum disorder prediction and as a quantitative trait measure: Results from a validation study of 3–5 year old children
Authors: Lyall Kristen , Rando Juliette , Toroni Bridget , Ezeh Tobechukwu , Constantino John N. , Croen Lisa A. , Garvin Brigid , Piselli Kate , Connell James , Kaat Aaron J. , Newschaffer Craig J. ,   program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
Published: October 2022

Background

The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a 65‐item measure yielding a continuous score capturing autism‐related traits. Scores based on SRS item subsets have been analytically examined but administration of shortened versions has not been evaluated prospectively.

Objective

The goal of this study was to compare psychometric properties of two shortened versions of the SRS to the full 65‐item SRS, in young children from both a clinical and general population setting.

Methods

Study participants (aged 3–5 years) were drawn from the AJ Drexel Autism Institute clinic (n = 154) and Kaiser Permanente Northern California (n = 201) and block randomized to receive either the 16‐item short SRS, a newly developed computer adaptive testing‐SRS, or the published full‐length SRS. Total scores across the three SRS administration methods were scaled to facilitate comparisons. Scores were plotted to assess distributional properties, while Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to estimate Area Under the Curve (AUC) and address predictive ability.

Results

Overall, distributional properties of the three administration methods were highly comparable, with shortened measures demonstrating similar ability to capture the range of the distribution and case non‐case separation as the full SRS. In addition, AUC values were high (0.91–0.97) and comparable across the administration methods, though there was evidence of difference in predictive ability across measures for females (AUC for full SRS = 0.99 vs. 0.84 for short). Within individual comparisons of short versus full scores (available only for participants at the general population site) suggested underestimation of actual full SRS scores with the CAT‐SRS.

Conclusions

Our findings broadly support the construct validity and performance of shortened SRS versions examined here, though the full measure may be needed to more accurately assess traits consistent with ASD diagnosis in females. This work suggests opportunities for collection of ASD‐related phenotype in settings where participant burden or feasibility considerations may have otherwise prohibited such measurement.
Neonicotinoid pesticide and nitrate mixture removal and persistence in floating treatment wetlands
Authors: Lindgren Julia K. , Messer Tiffany L. , Miller Daniel N. , Snow Daniel D. , Franti Thomas G.
Published: October 2022

Mesocosm and microcosm experiments were conducted to explore the applicability of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), an ecologically based management technology, to remove neonicotinoid insecticides and nitrate from surface water. The mesocosm experiment evaluated three treatments in triplicate over a 21‐d period. Floating treatment wetland mesocosms completely removed nitrate‐N over the course of the experiment even when neonicotinoid insecticides were present. At the completion of the experiment, 79.6% of imidacloprid and degradation byproducts and 68.3% of thiamethoxam and degradation byproducts were accounted for in the water column. Approximately 3% of imidacloprid and degradation byproducts and 5.0% of thiamethoxam and degradation byproducts were observed in above‐surface biomass, while ∼24% of imidacloprid and degradation byproducts, particularly desnitro imidacloprid, and <0.1% of thiamethoxam and degradation byproducts were found in the below surface biomass. Further, 1 yr after the experiments, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and degradation byproducts persisted in biomass but at lower concentrations in both the above‐ and below‐surface biomass. Comparing the microbial communities of mature FTWs grown in the presence and absence of neonicotinoids, water column samples had similar low abundances of nitrifying Archaeal and bacterial amoA genes (below detection to 104 ml−1) and denitrifying bacterial nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes (below detection to 105 ml−1). Follow‐up laboratory incubations found the highest denitrification potential activities in FTW plant roots compared with water column samples, and there was no effect of neonicotinoid addition (100 ng L−1) on potential denitrification activity. Based on these findings, (a) FTWs remove neonicotinoids from surface water through biomass incorporation, (b) neonicotinoids persist in biomass long‐term (>1 yr after exposure), and (c) neonicotinoids do not adversely affect nitrate‐N removal via microbial denitrification.