bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abordagem metodológica de conservação da história e do patrimônio: o Vale do Douro
Authors: Freitas Isabel Vaz de , Cea Juan Carlos Martín , Zubizarreta Olatz Villanueva , Valdivieso Isabel del Val
Published: September 2017

O Patrimônio em áreas rurais ou urbanas anota a passagem do tempo e da história das comunidades. Evoca memórias locais que permitem ao visitante sentir diversas emoções e passar por várias experiências. Monumentos ou construções mais simples, mais complexos ou até desaparecidos, podem ser transformados em paisagens cênicas e atrair visitantes permitindo conhecer as diferentes perspectivas com que o homem assentou nos espaços num determinado tempo. Propõe-se capturar esses momentos históricos, sobreviventes nos territórios até aos nossos dias e expor o significado estético, social, econômico e político como parte de uma construção espacial preparada para ser visitada e conhecida em comum. Retratamos um elemento de grande relevo para a Península Ibérica – o Rio Douro – e sugerimos que esta herança histórica comum, que se apresenta hoje de formas diversas, seja incluída nos itinerários de forma a revelar cenários interpretados e levar os visitantes a lugares históricos plenos de emoção. Sugerimos como metodologia a reflexão e o debate em torno da revisão da literatura, resultantes de projetos desenvolvidos sobre o tema da água desde 1996, sob a supervisão de Isabel Del Val Valdivieso e com a colaboração de numerosos pesquisadores da Península Ibérica que produziram extensa literatura sobre a temática da presença de água na história. De acordo com os resultados desses projetos, desenvolve-se uma metodologia que possa salvaguardar e comunicar o patrimônio com uma perspectiva de preservação e manutenção da memória para as futuras gerações, em particular do patrimônio desaparecido ou ainda adormecido no subsolo. Palavras-chave: Patrimônio. Significância. História. Visita.
Tempos de pós-democracia: ausência do povo
Authors: Pinto Céli Regina Jardim
Published: September 2017

Este ensaio tratará da crise política que, em termos muito gerais, se caracteriza: 1. pelo esgotamento de modelos de democracia garantidores dos direitos sociais, com o fim da social democracia europeia, o fracasso do ensaio de Obama nos Estados Unidos e a crise dos governos de inspiração populista na América Latina; 2. pela fragilidade das instituições políticas, como garantidoras do funcionamento do pacto democrático; 3. pela crise no sistema político partidário, quando os partidos perdem seu espaço de enunciadores de discursos políticos capazes de interpelarem a sociedade; 4. pela descrença das populações em geral, principalmente dos jovens, na política institucional; 5. pelo aparecimento de grandes manifestações de rua, desde 2011, no mundo em geral, e de 2013, no Brasil; 6. por uma generalizada associação entre política e corrupção.
Michel Foucault e os diferentes impactos nas vindas para o Brasil
Authors: Biava Fernanda
Published: September 2017

Resenha da obra:RODRIGUES, Heliana de Barros Conde. Ensaios sobre Michel Foucault no Brasil: Presença, efeitos, ressonâncias. I edição - Rio de Janeiro: Lamparina, 2016
The human auditory brainstem response to running speech reveals a subcortical mechanism for selective attention
Authors: Forte Antonio Elia , Etard Octave , Reichenbach Tobias
Published: September 2017

Humans excel at selectively listening to a target speaker in background noise such as competing voices. While the encoding of speech in the auditory cortex is modulated by selective attention, it remains debated whether such modulation occurs already in subcortical auditory structures. Investigating the contribution of the human brainstem to attention has, in particular, been hindered by the tiny amplitude of the brainstem response. Its measurement normally requires a large number of repetitions of the same short sound stimuli, which may lead to a loss of attention and to neural adaptation. Here we develop a mathematical method to measure the auditory brainstem response to running speech, an acoustic stimulus that does not repeat and that has a high ecological validity. We employ this method to assess the brainstem's activity when a subject listens to one of two competing speakers, and show that the brainstem response is consistently modulated by attention.
Consultative review is worth the wait
Authors: King Stuart RF
Published: September 2017

eLife editors and reviewers consult with one another before sending out a decision after peer review. This means that authors do not have to spend time responding to confusing or conflicting requests for revisions.
Increased utilization of fructose has a positive effect on the development of breast cancer
Authors: Fan Xiajing , Liu Hongru , Liu Miao , Wang Yuanyuan , Qiu Li , Cui Yanfen
Published: September 2017

Rapid proliferation and Warburg effect make cancer cells consume plenty of glucose, which induces a low glucose micro-environment within the tumor. Up to date, how cancer cells keep proliferating in the condition of glucose insufficiency still remains to be explored. Recent studies have revealed a close correlation between excessive fructose consumption and breast cancer genesis and progression, but there is no convincing evidence showing that fructose could directly promote breast cancer development. Herein, we found that fructose, not amino acids, could functionally replace glucose to support proliferation of breast cancer cells. Fructose endowed breast cancer cells with the colony formation ability and migratory capacity as effective as glucose. Interestingly, although fructose was readily used by breast cancer cells, it failed to restore proliferation of non-tumor cells in the absence of glucose. These results suggest that fructose could be relatively selectively employed by breast cancer cells. Indeed, we observed that a main transporter of fructose, GLUT5, was highly expressed in breast cancer cells and tumor tissues but not in their normal counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the fructose diet promoted metastasis of 4T1 cells in the mouse models. Taken together, our data show that fructose can be used by breast cancer cells specifically in glucose-deficiency, and suggest that the high-fructose diet could accelerate the progress of breast cancerin vivo.
When One Day Becomes Today
Authors: Pettus Joseph A.
Published: October 2024

After he learned that his congenital bicuspid aortic valve needed replacement, a urologic oncologist describes, in this narrative medicine essay, the pain and helplessness he felt while recovering from surgery.
Subconjunctival Mass 30 Years After Melanoma Resection
Authors: Singh Hartej , Kurian Deepthi E. , Shields Carol L.
Published: October 2024

A 70-year-old male is referred for evaluation of a conjunctival mass in the right eye, which has grown slowly over 27 years. Examination reveals a superonasal, multilobulated, pigmented lesion with episcleral feeder vessels and spontaneous vascular pulsations within the intraocular component. What would you do next?
Detection, Patterns, and Outcomes of Recurrent HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shah Rema , Wilkins Sarah G. , Safranek Conrad W. , Shah Hemali P. , Brophy Catherine , Mehra Saral
Published: October 2024

Importance

Recurrent human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a relatively rare but serious disease with little empirical data. Previous works have studied patterns of recurrence in HPV-positive OPSCC, but only one has studied truly recurrent disease as opposed to persistent disease, and no work systematically analyzed posttreatment surveillance imaging strategies and how recurrences were detected.

Objective

To refine the understanding of HPV-positive OPSCC recurrence and inform optimal imaging surveillance strategies.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study involved electronic medical record review at a tertiary care hospital. Patients treated for OPSCC from 2012 to 2019 were extracted, and patients diagnosed with HPV-positive OPSCC were identified. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to May 2023.

Main Outcome Measures

Percentage of patients with a true recurrence, location of recurrence, time of recurrence detection, and method of recurrence detection. Recurrence was demonstrated with a scan after an imaging-established disease-free state 3 to 6 months posttreatment.

Results

Of the 367 patients with HPV-positive OPSCC (mean [SD] age, 60.6 [9.2] years; 310 [84.5%] male), 37 (10.1%) experienced true disease recurrence. Median (IQR) follow-up time of the cohort was 3.6 years (8.5-88 months), defined as time from diagnosis to death or last contact. Within the true recurrence cohort, 21 patients (56.8%) experienced local, regional, or local and regional recurrence (LRR); 15 (40.5%) experienced distant metastasis (DM); and 1 (2.7%) experienced both LRR and DM. The mean (SD) time for detecting LRR was 2.46 (1.94) years and was considerably longer compared to the 1.89 (0.87) years for detecting DM (difference, 0.57 [95% CI, −0.29 to 1.02] years). The majority of patients identified their recurrence through symptom changes (31 [81.1%]) rather than through surveillance imaging (3 [8.1%]).

Conclusion and Relevance

In this cohort study, 10.1% of patients experienced true HPV-positive OPSCC disease recurrence, with most incidences of DM occurring in the lung and brain. Disease recurrence was identified primarily through symptomatic change, suggesting that further research may be needed to understand the optimal surveillance strategies after definitive treatment.
The translatome of glioblastoma
Authors: Cornelissen Fleur M. G. , He Zhaoren , Ciputra Edward , de Haas Richard R. , Beumer‐Chuwonpad Ammarina , Noske David , Vandertop W. Peter , Piersma Sander R. , Jiménez Connie R. , Murre Cornelis , Westerman Bart A.
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma (GB), the most common and aggressive brain tumor, demonstrates intrinsic resistance to current therapies, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Cancer progression can be partially attributed to the deregulation of protein translation mechanisms that drive cancer cell growth. In this study, we present the translatome landscape of GB as a valuable data resource. Eight patient‐derived GB sphere cultures (GSCs) were analyzed using ribosome profiling and messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing. We investigated inter‐cell‐line differences through differential expression analysis at both the translatome and transcriptome levels. Translational changes post‐radiotherapy were assessed at 30 and 60 min. The translation of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) was validated using in‐house and public mass spectrometry (MS) data, whereas RNA expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our findings demonstrate that ribosome sequencing provides more detailed information than MS or transcriptional analyses. Transcriptional similarities among GSCs correlate with translational similarities, aligning with previously defined subtypes such as proneural and mesenchymal. Additionally, we identified a broad spectrum of open reading frame types in both coding and non‐coding mRNA regions, including long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and pseudogenes undergoing active translation. Translation of ncRNAs into peptides was independently confirmed by in‐house data and external MS data. We also observed that translational regulation of histones (downregulated) and splicing factors (upregulated) occurs in response to radiotherapy. These data offer new insights into genome‐wide protein synthesis, identifying translationally regulated genes and alternative translation initiation sites in GB under normal and radiotherapeutic conditions, providing a rich resource for GB research. Further functional validation of differentially expressed genes after radiotherapy is needed. Understanding translational control in GB can reveal mechanistic insights and identify currently unknown biomarkers, ultimately enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of this aggressive brain cancer.
Construction of Dynamic Recrystallization Critical Strain Model, Kinetic Model, and Hot Workability of Mg–8Gd–4Sm–1Zn–0.5Zr Alloy
Authors: Guo Xikuan , Chen Jun , Li Quanan , Chen Xiaoya , Zhu Limin , Zhang Zhen
Published: October 2024

The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and hot workability of Mg–8Gd–4Sm–1Zn–0.5Zr alloys are investigated by the Gleeble‐1500 test machine. The tests are performed at 350–470 °C with a strain rate of 0.002–1 s−1. The results show that the stress–strain curves exhibit a typical single‐peak DRX behavior. The DRX critical strain model of the alloy is constructed according to the inflection characteristics of the work hardening rate curve. The DRX kinetic model is constructed according to Avrami equation. The 3D processing maps are obtained based on the dynamic material model. The mechanisms of instability regions are investigated by combining the processing map and the microstructural evolution, and the most suitable regions for hot working are identified. The critical strain εc of the alloy is reduced at higher deformation temperatures or lower strain rates, and the DRX more easily occurs. That is, the material is more suitable for hot working. The optimum domain for hot working of Mg–8Gd–4Sm–1Zn–0.5Zr alloy is the temperature range of 400–470 °C and strain rate range of 0.002–0.05 s−1.
Transcriptome‐Optimized Hydrogel Design of a Stem Cell Niche for Enhanced Tendon Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Wanqi , Rao Ying , Wong Shing Hei , Wu Yeung , Zhang Yuanhao , Yang Rui , Tsui Stephen Kwok‐Wing , Ker Dai Fei Elmer , Mao Chuanbin , Frith Jessica E. , Cao Qin , Tuan Rocky S. , Wang Dan Michelle
Published: October 2024

Bioactive hydrogels have emerged as promising artificial niches for enhancing stem cell‐mediated tendon repair. However, a substantial knowledge gap remains regarding the optimal combination of niche features for targeted cellular responses, which often leads to lengthy development cycles and uncontrolled healing outcomes. To address this critical gap, an innovative, data‐driven materiomics strategy is developed. This approach is based on in‐house RNA‐seq data that integrates bioinformatics and mathematical modeling, which is a significant departure from traditional trial‐and‐error methods. It aims to provide both mechanistic insights and quantitative assessments and predictions of the tenogenic effects of adipose‐derived stem cells induced by systematically modulated features of a tendon‐mimetic hydrogel (TenoGel). The knowledge generated has enabled a rational approach for TenoGel design, addressing key considerations, such as tendon extracellular matrix concentration, uniaxial tensile loading, and in vitro pre‐conditioning duration. Remarkably, our optimized TenoGel demonstrated robust tenogenesis in vitro and facilitated tendon regeneration while preventing undesired ectopic ossification in a rat tendon injury model. These findings shed light on the importance of tailoring hydrogel features for efficient tendon repair. They also highlight the tremendous potential of the innovative materiomics strategy as a powerful predictive and assessment tool in biomaterial development for regenerative medicine.
Unlocking Intracellular Protein Delivery by Harnessing Polymersomes Synthesized at Microliter Volumes using Photo‐PISA
Authors: Thanapongpibul Chalaisorn , Rifaie‐Graham Omar , Ojansivu Miina , Najer Adrian , Kim Hyemin , Bakker Saskia E. , Chami Mohamed , Peeler David J. , Liu Chenchen , Yeow Jonathan , Stevens Molly M.
Published: October 2024

Efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins and vaccine antigens to intracellular targets is challenging due to generally poor cell membrane permeation and endolysosomal entrapment causing degradation. Herein, these challenges are addressed by developing an oxygen‐tolerant photoinitiated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (Photo‐PISA) process, allowing for the microliter‐scale (10 µL) synthesis of protein‐loaded polymersomes directly in 1536‐well plates. High‐resolution techniques capable of analysis at a single particle level are employed to analyze protein encapsulation and release mechanisms. Using confocal microscopy and super‐resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging, their ability to deliver proteins into the cytosol following endosomal escape is subsequently visualized. Lastly, the adaptability of these polymersomes is exploited to encapsulate and deliver a prototype vaccine antigen, demonstrating its ability to activate antigen‐presenting cells and support antigen cross‐presentation for applications in subunit vaccines and cancer immunotherapy. This combination of ultralow volume synthesis and efficient intracellular delivery holds significant promise for unlocking the high throughput screening of a broad range of otherwise cost‐prohibitive or early‐stage therapeutic protein and vaccine antigen candidates that can be difficult to obtain in large quantities. The versatility of this platform for rapid screening of intracellular protein delivery can result in significant advancements across the fields of nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.
Enhanced Nanocellulose Production from Cotton and Textile Waste Using Binary and Ternary Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Karimian Davud , Anzuoni Vincenzo , Smania Zoe , Orian Laura , Gross Silvia , Carraro Mauro
Published: October 2024

The growing accumulation of textile waste poses significant environmental challenges, as only a small percentage of materials is currently recycled. However, cotton waste offers a valuable feedstock for the regeneration of cellulose and nanocellulose (NC). This study presents a sustainable and efficient method for producing NC from textile waste using both binary and ternary natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). By treating cotton wool, pre‐consumer standard cotton fabrics, and post‐consumer denim textiles, with NADESs, NC generation is achieved in high yields (up to ≈90%) in all cases. The most promising NADESs, composed of choline chloride and gallic acid (and tartaric acid), effectively dissolve cotton‐based materials when subjected to heating and sonication, producing cellulose nanocrystals with length ranging from 100 to 300 nm and crystallinity level up to ≈80%. The NADESs are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), as well as modeled by density functional theory (DFT), to investigate their hydrogen bond network. Eventually, their recyclability is also investigated. This approach opens promising applications in the fields of sustainable nanomaterial production and textile recycling, providing a greener alternative for waste valorization and promoting circular economy practices.
Polygyny, Infant, and Child Mortality in Pakistan: Moderating Effect of Household Wealth Status
Authors: Shah Athar Ali , Ibupoto Mukhtiar Hussain , Rind Rahim Dad , Channa Ali Nawaz
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The United Nations report in 2021 ranks Pakistan 21st among countries with the highest infant and child mortality rate in the world. It is the fifth most populous country in the world with a growth rate of 2% annually. Therefore, understanding child mortality is crucial to reducing the child mortality burden.

Method

The research utilized two waves of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS), 2012–13 and 2017–18. The data are analyzed using logistic regression with interaction effects of household wealth status and propensity score matching techniques.

Results

The study reveals a positive link between polygyny and infant and child mortality. The odd ratios higher than “1” indicate increased mortality risk for infants and children belonging to polygynous families taking monogamous families as a reference category. Mortality risk is higher among children (OR 1.50 CI 0.18–12.63) as compared with infants (OR 1.28 CI 0.37–4.45). The main effect of household shows a negative association with infant and child mortality while after interacting with polygyny it turns out to be positive. The mortality risks increase with increasing wealth status. It can be translated as a positive link between household wealth status, and infant and child mortality in the context of polygyny.

Conclusion

Infants and children belonging to polygynous families experience increased mortality risk as compared with monogamous families. The household wealth status may not help improve child mortality.
Exome Sequencing Detects Uniparental Disomy of Chromosome 4 Revealing a LARP7 Pathogenic Variant Responsible for Alazami Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Amélie Buisine‐Sbraggia , Julien Thevenon , Kevin Yauy , Marie‐Emmanuelle Naud , Jean‐Marc Costa , Fanny Dubois‐Teklali , Marjolaine Willems , Klaus Dieterich , Véronique Satre , Charles Coutton , Tanno Pauline Le
Published: October 2024

Alazami syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by global developmental delay, growth restriction, and distinctive facial features. Fewer than 50 individuals are currently reported with biallelic loss of function variants in LARP7. We report the case of a 3.5‐year‐old boy born from nonconsanguineous parents, presenting with syndromic global developmental delay. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous frameshift pathogenic variant in LARP7. Parental analysis failed to detect the variant in the paternal sample, although the father's biological paternity was confirmed. Targeted secondary bioinformatic analyses at the LARP7 locus suggested a 45 Mb loss of heterozygosity (LOH), further confirmed by a single nucleotide polymorphism array that identified four LOH regions on chromosome 4, including one encompassing LARP7. This LOH exposes the recessive LARP7 pathogenic variant, resulting in the manifestation of Alazami syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Alazami syndrome due to uniparental disomy (UPD). UPD is a rare cause of autosomal recessive disorders. Its identification is crucial for genetic counseling to adjust recurrence risk for siblings. This case highlights the effectiveness and usefulness of bioinformatics algorithms applied to next generation sequencing in detecting such events.
Characterization of Two Novel PNKP Splice‐Site Variants in a Proband With Microcephaly, Intellectual Disability, and Multiple Malformations
Authors: Sorrentino Ugo , Baschiera Elisa , Desbats Maria Andrea , Zuffardi Orsetta , Salviati Leonardo , Cassina Matteo
Published: October 2024

Polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (PNKP), encoded by the PNKP gene, is a DNA processing enzyme involved in double‐strand break and single‐strand break repair pathways, which are essential for genome stability and for the correct development and maintenance of human nervous system. PNKP biallelic loss‐of‐function variants have been associated with a broad spectrum of neurological anomalies, ranging from congenital microcephaly with intellectual disability and seizures (MCSZ), to later onset forms of ataxia‐oculomotor apraxia (AOA4) or peripheral neuropathy (CMT2B2). We report the atypical clinical manifestations of a patient with severe microcephaly, short stature, developmental delay, conductive hearing loss, and tracheoesophageal malformation, in the absence of seizures. Whole exome sequencing analysis identified two novel, compound heterozygous splice‐site variants in the PNKP gene (NM_007254.4): c.1448+1G > A and c.199‐8_199‐5del. To demonstrate the effect of both variants on the splicing process and prove their pathogenicity, we performed a hybrid minigene assay, which successfully highlighted a deleterious impact on the transcript, particularly regarding the c.199‐8_199‐5del variant. The uncommon clinical features of the proband and the identification of two newly associated pathogenic variants add further evidence to the allelic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the PNKP locus.
Selective Oxidative Scission of Olefins to Aldehydes Enabled by Ruthenium Complexes Containing Salicylaldimine Ligands
Authors: Xu Hui , Xing Xiaojuan , Hao Zhiqiang , Han Zhangang , Ma Zhihong , Lin Jin
Published: October 2024

Treatment of Ru3(CO)12 with salicylaldimine ligands [ArNCH(3‐tBuC6H3OH) [ArC6H5 (L1H); 4‐OMeC6H4 (L2H); 4‐MeC6H4 (L3H); 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (L4H); 4‐ClC6H4 (L5H); 4‐BrC6H4 (L6H)] in refluxing toluene afforded six bis‐ligand mononuclear ruthenium carbonyl complexes [ArNCH(3‐tBuC6H3O)]2Ru(CO)2 1a–1f in good yields. All of the Ru(II) complexes were characterized using IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of complexes 1a, 1b, 1e, and 1f were further confirmed through X‐ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, the catalytic performance of these complexes was investigated in the oxidation of olefins to aldehydes, using TBHP as the oxidant in refluxing trichloromethane. With 1.0 mol% catalyst loading, these ruthenium complexes displayed high reactivity and good functional‐group compatibility, selectivity providing the corresponding oxidation product aldehydes in 73%–94% yields.
Liposomes as sustainable delivery systems in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Luo Minfang , Oomah B. Dave , Akoetey Winifred , Zhang Yuqing , Daneshfozoun Hamed , Hosseinian Farah
Published: October 2024

Liposomes are artificial microscopic vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers with the ability to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, owing to the amphipathic nature of lipids. Hydrophobic molecules can be stored within the bilayer membrane, while hydrophilic molecules can be embedded in the inner core of liposomes. Encapsulated compounds within liposomes are protected from environmental and chemical alterations, such as enzymatic and chemical modifications, as well as changes against extreme pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Liposomes protective nature highlights their importance as nanocarriers for a wide spectrum of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. This review offers a concise introduction to the fundamental physicochemical properties of liposomes and the various production methods including the role of cholesterol and potential alternatives such as phytosterols. It also provides an up‐to‐date overview of liposomes applications as delivery vehicles in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Effect of macromolecular structure modification of kapok fibers by silane treatment on mechanical properties of their reinforced composites
Authors: Das Ramyaranjan , Dash Chinmayee , Upreti Divyansh , Patro T. Umasankar , Altomare Angela , Bisoyi Dillip Kumar
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the usability of lignocellulosic kapok fibers as a reinforcement for lightweight composites. Kapok fibers are modified by dewaxing followed by a silane coupling agent at different concentrations. The crystallographic structure and the alignment of silane linkage polymer chains on fiber structure are examined using X‐ray Diffraction (XRD). The linkage of chemical bonds (SiOC And SiOSi) between the polymer structure of the fiber and silane coupling agent is confirmed from FTIR spectroscopy. Additionally, the small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) study is done considering kapok fiber as a nonideal two‐phase system and the study investigates the modification occurring within the macromolecular structure of the kapok fiber. Following the grafting of silanes onto the fiber, silane‐modified kapok fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites are fabricated using the hand lay‐up technique. The chemical treatments on the fiber, enhanced flexural, tensile and impact strength of the composites by 132%, 102%, and 146% respectively.
Systemic Sclerosis Dermal Fibroblast Exosomes Trigger Type 1 Interferon Responses in Keratinocytes via a TBK/JAK/STAT Signaling Axis
Authors: Bryon Jessica , Wasson Christopher W. , Koeppen Katja , Chandler Francesca , Willis Leon F. , Di Donato Stefano , Klein Elliott , Zeqiraj Elton , Ross Rebecca L. , Del Galdo Francesco
Published: October 2024

Objective

Activation of type I interferon (IFN) response has been shown to correlate with disease activity in systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is currently unknown whether the tissue‐specific type I IFN activation is a consequence of the response observed in blood or rather its source. Exosomes from SSc fibroblasts were recently shown to activate macrophages in vitro. Here, we aimed to determine the source of type I IFN signature in SSc skin biopsies and the potential role of exosomes from SSc dermal fibroblasts in the process.

Methods

Skin biopsies were obtained from the forearms of healthy patients and of those with SSc and processed for dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Exosomes were isolated from healthy and SSc dermal fibroblast supernatants by ultracentrifugation and added to human skin keratinocytes. Keratinocyte transcriptome was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis. TANK‐binding kinase (TBK) and JAK were inhibited using a small molecule inhibitor (GSK8612) and tofacitinib, respectively.

Results

SSc skin biopsies showed the highest levels of type I IFN response in the epidermal layer. RNA‐seq analysis of keratinocytes transcriptome following exposure to dermal fibroblast exosomes showed strong up‐regulation of IFN signature genes induced by SSc exosomes compared to healthy control. Inhibition of TBK or JAK activity suppressed the up‐regulation of the IFN signature induced by SSc exosomes.

Conclusion

IFN activation of SSc keratinocytes is dependent on their crosstalk with dermal fibroblasts and inducible by extracellular exosomes. Our data indicate that SSc fibroblast exosomes contribute to the type I IFN activation in SSc skin through activation of pattern recognition receptors upstream of TBK.
Strategy in Promoting Visible Light Absorption, Charge Separation, CO2 Adsorption and Proton Production for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with H2O
Authors: Zou Jia‐Fu , Li Sha , Liu Peng , Zhao Yiyi , Wang Tingwei , Pan Yun‐Xiang , Yan Xiaoliang
Published: October 2024

Solar‐energy‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O to high‐valuable carbon‐containing chemicals has become one of the greatest concerns in both scientific and industrial communities, due to its potential in solving energy and environmental problems. However, efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O is still far below the needs of large‐scale applications. The reduction efficiency is closely related to ability of photocatalysts in absorbing visible light which is the main part of sunlight (44 %), separating photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, adsorbing CO2 and producing protons for reducing CO2. Thus, photocatalysts with enhanced visible light absorption, electron‐hole separation, CO2 adsorption and proton production are highly desired. Herein, we aim to provide a picture of recent progresses in improving ability of photocatalysts in visible light absorption, electron‐hole separation, CO2 adsorption and proton production, and give an outlook for future researches associated with photocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O.
Finite‐time/fixed‐time stability and stabilization of a class of delayed neural networks system with discontinuous activation
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Zhou , Zhao Wei‐Long , Pan Yue‐Liang , Zi Zheng , Xie Yuan , Zhang Jin‐Chu
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses to analyze the finite‐time stability (FNTS) and fixed‐time stability (FXTS) of a class of discontinuous neural networks (NNs) with time‐varying delays. Firstly, considering the fuzzy logics and discontinuities in the NNs, a novel FNTS/FXTS approach based functional differential inclusion (FDI) theory is proposed. Under the framework of the Filippov state solution, the generalized Lyapunov functional method developed can obtain an indefinite time derivative almost anywhere along the system's state solutions. Some novel FNTS and FXTS analysis of the trivial state solution for FDI are provided. In particular, the settling time (ST) of FNTS/FXTS is presented. For the requirements of FNTS and FXTS, two control laws are designed for the discontinuous delayed neural networks (DNNs), respectively. Finally, the correctness and the advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated through its DNNs applications.
Evaluating the impact the Self‐Compassion App has on levels of compassion, psychological distress and well‐being
Authors: Beaumont Elaine , Dagnall Neil , Massey Sue , Irons Chris
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The Self‐Compassion App is the first commercially available, smartphone app based upon the ideas and practices of Compassion‐Focused Therapy. Through 28 sessions, the app supports individuals to develop compassionate minds and, in doing so, promotes well‐being and reduces psychological distress (e.g. self‐criticism and shame).

Aim

This study evaluated the impact the app had on participants' levels of compassion, well‐being, self‐criticism and psychological distress.

Methodology

Fifty‐two participants—consisting of staff and students at the University of Salford—took part in this study. Pre‐, post‐ and follow‐up measures were collected to explore changes in levels of compassion, self‐criticism, emotion regulation, well‐being and psychological distress.

Findings

Statistically significant increases were observed in levels of self‐compassion, self‐reassurance, emotion regulation skills and well‐being. Significant reductions were found in self‐criticism, anxiety and stress, and post‐study, participants became more open to receiving compassion from others.

Implications

Results from this study are promising and suggest that using the Self‐Compassion App reduces psychological distress and enhances psychological well‐being. Considering interventions that utilise technology with the aim of boosting well‐being, levels of compassion and reducing self‐criticism are potentially important given the difficulties that many students and educators experience, and the current waitlist times for psychological help and support.

Further Research

A randomised control trial and longitudinal study would be beneficial to explore the long‐term benefits of using the app. Further studies, in clinical and non‐clinical populations, will clarify how the app might benefit people and what type of engagement is necessary to derive change.
Mapping the modern workforce: An overview of workforce competency demands
Authors: Granillo‐Velasquez Kenneth E. , Musemeche Nicolas P. , Reyes Denise L.
Published: October 2024

An understanding of the demands of the contemporary world of work may help guide policy‐ and decision‐making processes. However, despite the importance of this understanding, few studies have attempted to examine the universe of available occupations to determine the most in‐demand knowledge, skills, abilities, and other worker characteristics (KSAOs) as well as the relative demands of these KSAOs across occupations. This study addresses the first concern by calculating weighted averages that rely on the Occupational Information Network's (O*NET's) data on worker requirements and characteristics and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS’) employment counts. Furthermore, this study leverages the power of latent profile analyses to identify numerous workplace profiles, allowing us to uncover the extent to which KSAOs are demanded in relation to each other. Key findings suggest that the competencies relating to communication, business, technology, and cognition were among the most highly demanded KSAOs in the labor market. Additionally, identified KSAO profiles indicated that the rank ordering of KSAO level requirements differed across large sections of the labor market, indicating that the rank orderings proposed by the weighted averages were not consistent across the occupations examined. In sum, the findings of this study provide vital occupational information that contributes to our understanding of the KSAOs that are expected from the prospective workforce. In the context of career guidance, such information may assist career counselors and other guidance professionals in describing the world of work to their clients, thereby empowering them to make more educated career development choices that will improve their employability within the extant labor market.
Microenvironment Manipulation Strategies for Acidic CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Li Geng , Liu Yong , Feng Tanglue , Ye Ruquan
Published: October 2024

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) has gained significant attention due to its potential to reduce carbon emissions and produce valuable fuels and chemicals. CO2RR is typically carried out in neutral or alkaline conditions, while challenges such as the carbon crossover and salt precipitate can hinder the practical application. Conducting CO2RR in acidic media presents a promising method to address these issues, although it faces the problem of low efficiency and poor catalysis stability. Regulating the interface/surface microenvironment near the catalysts is crucial to minimize the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and enhance CO2RR activity and long‐term stability. This review outlines recent advancements in acidic CO2RR, emphasizing various microenvironment engineering strategies for optimizing the CO2RR kinetics including electrolyte composition manipulation, catalyst design, electrode modification and cell configuration optimization. Additionally, the review addresses challenges into developing practical and cost‐effective CO2RR systems.
Clock‐out: What explains “Quiet Quitting” in financial services?
Authors: Henderson Rebecca , Lehman Jennifer , Sunder Aman
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of job demands and resources, employee engagement, burnout, satisfaction, and human capital on the Quiet Quitting (QQ) phenomenon among financial planners using a convenience sample of College for Financial Planning alumni. It also investigates whether gender differences exist in the factors that explain QQ. The random convenience sample had gender differences in roles, salaries, and QQ, favoring men more than women and aligned with the financial planning profession's gender diversity issues. Results reveal the factors that explain QQ in financial planning. However, women did not exhibit any differences from men regarding the factors.
Von Daten zu Entdeckungen: Künstliche Intelligenz in der Chemie
Authors: Hess Franziska
Published: October 2024

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) birgt großes Potenzial in der Nutzung komplexer Zusammenhänge innerhalb großer Datensätze. Die wesentliche Herausforderung besteht darin, relevante Merkmale in abstrakten Daten wie Molekülen, Verbindungen oder Spektren zu erkennen. Modelle werden durch überwachte oder unüberwachte Lernmethoden trainiert und getestet. Aktives Lernen und iterative Prozesse verbessern die Genauigkeit. KI bietet Potenzial für präzise Vorhersagen und Innovationen in der Forschung und Industrie.
A comprehensive review of cyclone separator technology
Authors: Aylı Ece , Kocak Eyup
Published: October 2024

This review article examines the working principles, optimal dimensions, effects of key parameters, and the results of experimental/numerical studies on cyclone separators. Investigations have been conducted on the effects of parameters such as vortex finder diameter, conical part diameter, cyclone separator diameter, cylinder height, inlet height, inlet width, vortex finder length, and cyclone total length on efficiency, performance, and pressure drop. Furthermore, the article explores current modifications and efforts to improve efficiency. These modifications include adding water nozzles, inserting ribs, employing double‐stage cyclones, incorporating additional inlets, using finned cylinder bodies, adding extra top inlets, introducing liquid jets, employing helical roof inlets, adding laminarizers, incorporating internal spiral vanes, and employing slotted vortex finders. While serving as a guide to optimize the design and performance of cyclone separators, this article emphasizes new and innovative approaches to enhance their industrial applicability. By compiling studies conducted from conceptual birth to the present, the aim of this article is to serve as a guidebook.
Practical aspects of multiphase slug frequency: An overview
Authors: Arabi Abderraouf , Höhn Ronaldo Luis , Pallares Jordi , Stiriba Youssef
Published: October 2024

Slug frequency, the number of liquid slugs passing through a point per unit of time, is an intrinsic parameter that is used to characterize multiphase slug flows in pipes. In this review we discuss practical aspects of slug frequency for industrial purposes from an examination of published literature and available experimental data. The review shows that slug frequency appears to play a key role in the modelling of intermittent flow using 1‐D mechanistic slug models and 3‐D computational fluid dynamics tools. In addition, various global parameters and phenomena used to design, optimize, and control industrial pipelines are directly impacted by slug frequency. This manuscript highlights the importance of slug frequency not only for petroleum engineering but also for chemical, nuclear, and mechanical engineering.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New 4‘‐Functionalized Bis‐Terpyridine Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Anti‐Inflammatory Activity Advances
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Abou‐El‐Sherbini Khaled S. , Samir Safia , Sharmoukh Walid , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed S. , Shaker Yasser M.
Published: October 2024

Ruthenium complexes incorporating 2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine ligands have emerged as promising candidates due to their versatile biological activities including DNA‐binding, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, three new 4′‐functionalized bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) complexes were synthesized. These complexes feature one ligand as 4‐(2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine‐4′‐yl) benzoic acid and the second ligand as either 4′‐(2‐thienyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine, 4′‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine, or 4′‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine. Besides the chemical characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and absorption and emission spectroscopy, the complexes were tested for their biological activity as anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the toxicity of the Ru(II) complexes was assessed and benchmarked against diclofenac potassium and ibuprofen using a haemolysis assay. Biological evaluations demonstrate that these ruthenium complexes exhibit promising therapeutic potential with reduced haemolytic activity compared to standard drugs. They demonstrate substantial anti‐inflammatory effects through inhibition of albumin denaturation along with moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity. These findings highlight the multifaceted biomedical applications of 4′‐functionalized bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) complexes, suggesting their potential for further development as effective and safe therapeutic agents.
A Neuropeptide Signaling Network That Regulates Developmental Timing and Systemic Growth in Drosophila
Authors: Ohhara Yuya , Blick Mikkal , Park Donghyun , Yoon Sung‐Eun , Kim Young‐Joon , Pankratz Michael J. , O'Connor Michael B. , Yamanaka Naoki
Published: October 2024

Animals sense chemical cues such as nutritious and noxious stimuli through the chemosensory system and adapt their behavior, physiology, and developmental schedule to the environment. In the Drosophila central nervous system, chemosensory interneurons that produce neuropeptides called Hugin (Hug) peptides receive signals from gustatory receptor neurons and regulate feeding behavior. Because Hug neurons project their axons to the higher brain region within the protocerebrum where dendrites of multiple neurons producing developmentally important neuropeptides are extended, it has been postulated that Hug neurons regulate development through the neuroendocrine system. In this study, we show that Hug neurons interact with a subset of protocerebrum neurons that produce prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and regulate the onset of metamorphosis and systemic growth. Loss of the hug gene and silencing of Hug neurons caused a delay in larval‐to‐prepupal transition and an increase in final body size. Furthermore, deletion of Hug receptor‐encoding genes also caused developmental delay and body size increase, and the phenotype was restored by expressing Hug receptors in PTTH‐producing neurons. These results indicate that Hug neurons regulate developmental timing and body size via PTTH‐producing neurons. This study provides a basis for understanding how chemosensation is converted into neuroendocrine signaling to control insect growth and development.
A Multi‐Constrained Green Routing Protocol for IoT‐Based Software‐Defined WSN
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Beniwal Rohit
Published: October 2024

In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) network devices due to their vast applications. However, this rapid growth has undoubtedly led to raised energy consumption, which, in turn, has raised significant concerns about the environment. Consequently, there is a growing demand for green computing techniques that can mitigate IoT device's energy usage and carbon footprint. Clustering IoT networks is a useful strategy for extending their lifespan. However, clustering presents a complex optimization problem that falls under the category of NP‐hard; hence making it a challenging issue. Nevertheless, using meta‐heuristics algorithms has greatly improved our ability to tackle such challenges. Therefore, this study introduces a clustering scheme called EQ‐AHA, which combines Equilibrium optimization and artificial hummingbird optimization techniques to enhance the efficiency of IoT‐based Software‐Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT‐SDWSN). The primary goal of EQ‐AHA is to select the Cluster Heads (CHs) and determine the optimal path between CHs and the Base Station (BS). EQ‐AHA employs a fitness function that considers three important factors: the distance between CHs, the distance between nodes and the CHs, and the energy levels of the nodes. Overall, this strategy improves the network's performance by 31.6% compared to other State‐of‐the‐Art (SoA) algorithms.
Modalities of Mediation: Reflections on a Dispute System Design Project During the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Juliano Jane , Mamo Andrew
Published: October 2024

This Practice Insight presents a reflective analysis of a collaborative project launched in early 2020, initially aimed at comparing in‐person, video, and telephone mediation modalities. That project shifted its focus to the implementation of remote mediation through videoconferencing during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Through firsthand experiences and observations, this essay offers a unique, dual perspective: from within a U.S. Federal agency managing an established mediation program through the pandemic, and from within an academic clinic engaged in dispute systems design. These reflections on the 2020 project and its aftermath illuminate the challenges and learnings from transitioning to remote mediation, offering insights into adapting dispute resolution mechanisms to unforeseen circumstances and how technological change can spur new insights into general practices of mediation. This work not only contributes to the understanding of mediation modalities today but also underscores the importance of flexibility and innovation in dispute system design during crises.