bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evolution of response to anoxia in Drosophila: recovery of locomotion following CO2 or N2 exposure
Authors: Xiao Chengfeng , Fard Niki Bayat , Brzezinski Kaylen , Robertson R. Meldrum , Chippindale Adam K.
Published: July 2019

Many insects enter coma upon exposure to anoxia, a feature routinely exploited by experimentalists to handle them. But the genetic and physiological bases of anoxic coma induction and recovery are only partially understood, as are the long-term consequences for the animal's performance. We examined three populations of Drosophila melanogaster (designated B) that have been inadvertently under selection for rapid recovery from CO2 exposure for nearly 40 years (around 1,000 generations) resulting from routine maintenance practices. We contrasted CO2 and N2 (presumed a less reactive gas) knockdown and recovery times of these B flies with six populations of common ancestry (A and C populations) that were not exposed to CO2 over the same period. We found that B populations showed faster and more consistent locomotor recovery than A or C populations after CO2 knockdown, a result also observed with N2 knockdown. A and C populations showed much higher variance in recovery time after CO2 exposure than after N2 exposure, suggesting gas-specific effects on pathways associated with locomotor recovery. While these selection treatments result in considerable variation in life history attributes and body size, with the characteristic intermediacy of B populations, their superiority in resistance to gas exposure and locomotor recovery suggests that it is a direct consequence of prior repeated exposure to anoxia, broadly, and CO2, specifically. Hence we describe a powerful new evolutionary model for the genetic and physiological investigation of anoxic coma in insects.
The dynamics between limited-term and lifelong coinfecting bacterial parasites in wild rodent hosts
Authors: Eidelman Anat , Cohen Carmit , Navarro-Castilla Álvaro , Filler Serina , Gutiérrez Ricardo , Bar-Shira Enav , Shahar Naama , Garrido Mario , Halle Snir , Romach Yoav , Barja Isabel , Tasker Séverine , Harrus Shimon , Friedman Aharon , Hawlena Hadas
Published: July 2019

Interactions between coinfecting parasites1 may take various forms, either direct or indirect, facilitative or competitive, and may be mediated by either bottom-up or top-down mechanisms. While each form of interaction leads to different evolutionary and ecological outcomes, it is challenging to tease them apart throughout the infection period. To establish the first step towards a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between coinfecting limited-term bacterial parasites and lifelong bacterial parasites, we studied the coinfection ofBartonella sp. (limited-term) and Mycoplasma sp. (lifelong), which commonly co-occur in wild rodents. We infected Bartonella and Mycoplasma-free rodents with each species, and simultaneously with both, and quantified the infection dynamics and host responses. Bartonella benefited from the interaction; its infection load decreased more slowly in coinfected rodents than in rodents infected with Bartonella alone. There were no indications for bottom-up effects, but coinfected rodents experienced various changes, depending on the infection stage, in their body mass, stress levels, and activity pattern, which may further affect bacterial replication and transmission. Interestingly, the infection dynamics and changes in the average coinfected rodent traits were more similar to the chronic effects of Mycoplasma infection, whereas coinfection uniquely impaired the host's physiological and behavioral stability. These results suggest that parasites with distinct life history strategies may interact, and their interaction may be asymmetric, non-additive, multifaceted, and dynamic through time. Since multiple, sometimes contrasting, forms of interactions are simultaneously at play and their relative importance alternates throughout the course of infection, the overall outcome may change under different ecological conditions.

1“Parasite” is used throughout the article in its broad definition as an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by consuming parts of the host resources or components. It damages the host but is rarely lethal in the short term. This term includes herein viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, ectoparasites, and other blood-sucking organisms.
Generation of Active Protease Depending on Peptide-Protein Interactions Using Interaction-Dependent Native Chemical Ligation and Protein Trans-Splicing
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2019

An artificial signal transduction system has been constructed by employing engineered human immunodeficiency type-1 (HIV-1) protease and Nostoc punctiforme PCC73102 (Npu) DnaE intein. While the truncation of four amino acid residues at the N-terminus of HIV-1 protease diminished its activity, the attachment of the PQIT sequence into the truncated protease by protein trans-splicing (PTS) reconstituted the enzymatic activity. By combining interaction-dependent native chemical ligation (IDNCL) with the PTS reaction, the peptide-protein interaction was clearly detected by measuring HIV-1 protease activity. Src homology domain 2 (SH2) of c-Src (SrcSH2) and phosphopeptides were used as model binding pairs. HIV-1 protease activities were dose-dependently increased after the IDNCL-PTS reaction when the peptides containing pYEEI (pY = phosohotyrosine) and pYEE sequences were used as the input peptides. HIV-1 protease activity generated by IDNCL-PTS might activate several enzymes, and therefore, the artificial signal transduction system might be available in synthetic biology.
Overuse Injury: The Result of Pathologically Altered Myofascial Force Transmission?
Authors: Wilke Jan , Vleeming Andry , Wearing Scott
Published: July 2019

Overuse injuries are suggested to result from repetitive microdamage eliciting pain in the affected tissue. Therapy commonly focuses on the area of symptom localization; however, such approach may oversimplify the true etiopathology. This review hypothesizes that the development of some sports-related soft tissue disorders, such as plantar fasciitis or lumbago, is promoted by pathologically altered force transmission from anatomically connected structures.
Fracture resistance and 3D finite element analysis of machined ceramic crowns bonded to endodontically treated molars with two planes versus flat occlusal preparation designs: an in vitro study
Authors: Nabil Omnia , Halim Carl Hany , Mokhtar Ashraf Hassan
Published: July 2019

Background: The flat occlusal preparation design (FOD) of posterior teeth offers promising results of fracture resistance and stress distribution, but its application in vital teeth is limited as there may be a danger of pulp injury. Although this danger is omitted in endodontically treated teeth, there is no research work assessing the impact of FOD on the fracture resistance and distribution of stresses among these teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of FOD of endodontically treated molars on the fracture resistance and distribution of stresses among a ceramic crown-molar structure when compared to the two planes occlusal preparation design (TOD).

Methods: 20 human mandibular molars were endodontically treated and distributed equally to two groups: Group I (TOD) and Group II (FOD). Ceramic CAD/CAM milled lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) crowns were produced for all preparations and adhered using self-adhesive resin cement. Using a universal testing machine, the fracture resistance test was performed. The fractured samples were examined using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope to determine modes of failure. Stress distribution was evaluated by 3D finite element analysis, which was performed on digital models of endodontically treated mandibular molars (one model for each design).

Results: Group II recorded statistically non-significant higher fracture resistance mean values (3107.2± 604.9 N) than Group I mean values (2962.6 ±524.27 N) as indicated by Student’s t-test (t=0.55, p= 0.57). Also, Group II resulted in more favorable failure mode as compared to Group I. Both preparation designs yielded low von-Mises stresses within the factor of safety. However, the stress distribution among different layers of the model differed.

Conclusions: FOD having comparable fracture strength to TOD and a more favorable fracture behavior can be used for the preparation of endodontically treated molars.
Expert quotes and exaggeration in health news: a retrospective quantitative content analysis
Authors: Bossema Francien G. , Burger Peter , Bratton Luke , Challenger Aimée , Adams Rachel C. , Sumner Petroc , Schat Joop , Numans Mattijs E. , Smeets Ionica
Published: July 2019

Background This research is an investigation into the role of expert quotes in health news, specifically whether news articles containing a quote from an independent expert are less often exaggerated than articles without such a quote.

Methods Retrospective quantitative content analysis of journal articles, press releases, and associated news articles was performed. The investigated sample are press releases on peer-reviewed health research and the associated research articles and news stories. Our sample consisted of 462 press releases and 668 news articles from the UK (2011) and 129 press releases and 185 news articles from The Netherlands (2015). We hand-coded all journal articles, press releases and news articles for correlational claims, using a well-tested codebook. The main outcome measures are types of sources that were quoted and exaggeration of correlational claims. We used counts, 2x2 tables and odds ratios to assess the relationship between presence of quotes and exaggeration of the causal claim.

Results Overall, 99.1% of the UK press releases and 84.5% of the Dutch press releases contain at least one quote. For the associated news articles these percentages are: 88.6% in the UK and 69.7% in the Netherlands. Authors of the study are most often quoted and only 7.5% of UK and 7.0% of Dutch news articles contained a new quote by an expert source, i.e. one not provided by the press release. The relative odds that an article without an external expert quote contains an exaggeration of causality is 2.6.

Conclusions The number of articles containing a quote from an independent expert is low, but articles that cite an external expert do contain less exaggeration.
Rethinking Human Rights through the Language of Capabilities: An Introduction to Capabilities Approach
Authors: Vashist Latika
Published: July 2019

This paper seeks to contrast the language of human rights with capabilities approach conceptualized by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. While capabilities approach is an effective way of comprehending and mplementing the rights guaranteed to people, language of human rights remains the essential pre-requisite for the development and enhancement of people’s capabilities. While both these frameworks for justice operate within the western liberal paradigm, capabilities approach fills in the gaps of modern human rights discourse. The new idea of justice that accords a central place to human dignity mandates that the human rights entrenched in the Constitution be read as capabilities. The desperate vacuum that exists between the promises of law and realities of existence can only be bridged by institutionalizing a blend of rights and capabilities in the pursuit of justice. The paper argues that the language of human rights and that of capabilities ought to supplement and complement each other for true human flourishing
Personal Laws and the Rights of Women
Authors: Lakshmi P
Published: July 2019

There exist different personal laws in India. The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs are governed by Hindu law. Muslim law applies to Muslims. The Christians are governed by Christian law and Parsi law applies to the Parsi. Jews have their own personal law. Women’s rights in relation to marriage and property are not adequately protected under these personal laws. This has resulted in gross violation of human rights of women guaranteed under the Indian Constitution and also under the International Conventions relating to protection of human rights. This paper makes an examination of the provisions

of different personal laws which are discriminatory against women. It recommends the unification of personal laws in the form of a uniform civil code consisting of fair, just and non-discriminatory provisions. The formulation

of a uniform civil code would go a long way in improving the status of women in India.
The Highway Liquor Ban Case: State of Tamil Nadu v. K. Balu & Others
Authors: Tandon Satyam
Published: July 2019

No Abstract
A Comparative analysis of Intersectionality under Discrimination Law in the Light of Vulnerability Theory as a Post-Identity Approach
Authors: Sharma Shwetank
Published: July 2019

In spite of the presence of intersectionality as a concept in feminist literature for over twenty-five years, the State Policy, across the world, has been ignorant towards the interplay of identities and its role in the discrimination law jurisprudence. This article claims that a legitimate accommodation of a multi-ground claim under the Right to Equality regime, present in various legal systems, shall be a purposive step towards substantive equality. The article also highlights certain frailties associated with Intersectionality and introduces the age-old dilemma surrounding the formulation of State Policy, as to whether it should be ―identity-neutral‖ like anti-classification principle, or ―identity-sensitive‖ like intersectionality itself. The article also introduces the vulnerability theory proposed by Martha Fineman, as a post identity approach. The final analysis, explains how the two theories can coexist so that the State Policy can move towards substantive equality, and thus, mitigate the horrors of discrimination.
Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Tripathi Swapnil , Ghatak Chandni
Published: July 2019

Artificial intelligence systems have been gaining widespread momentum in today’s progressing tech-savvy world. With sophisticated technologies being incorporated in the same, it is only a matter of time these systems start to produce marvelous inventions without human intervention of any kind. This brings forth pertinent questions concerning Intellectual Property Rights, (IPR) for, it challenges not only traditional notions of concepts such as patents and copyrights, but also leads to the emergence of questions related to the regulation of such creations amidst others. This paper seeks to provide insight into the expanding scope of IPR laws and artificial intelligence, along with the inevitable challenges it brings from a worldwide lens on the matter. It also attempts to provide suggestions transcending IPR, and seeks to address questions concerning criminal liability for the content created by such technologies.
Contextualizing Statelessness in the Indian Legal Framework: Illegal Immigration in Assam
Authors: Sharma Anushka
Published: July 2019

National Register of Citizens (NRC), Assam
Violation of Human Rights in Nigeria: An Appraisal of the Activities of the Transnational Oil Corporations in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: C Ogwezzy Michael
Published: July 2019

Non state actors play a significant role in international relations. They do not hold the characteristics of a legal sovereign but have some measure of control over a country's people and territories. Transnational corporations are non states actors with profit motive that operate in different sovereign states and continents in the world deriving their power most of the time from the law of these states. Economists, lawyers and social scientists alike have for a number of years agreed that foreign investments like TNCs have the potential to act as a catalyst for the promotion or violation of human rights, particularly in developing countries. This is even more so,

considering that corporate investors are often not explicitly obliged under investment agreements to observe human rights even though they exert

considerable power over individuals, communities and indigenous populations. Such assertions have strengthened the normative link between human rights violations and the activities of transnational corporations like the oil companies. It is on this premise that this paper

discusses how the activities of transnational oil corporations in the Niger Delta region have led to violations of human rights and examines how the federal government of Nigeria through legislation has empowered these transnational oil companies to engage in activities that lead directly to such flagrant violation of human rights.
Rise in the Freedom of Contract: Development and Enforceability of Forum Selection Clauses
Authors: Sengupta Shreyan , Dutta Anirudhya
Published: July 2019

Corporations and business houses of the present day

require sound redressal mechanisms to mitigate

commercial disputes with ease and efficiency. „Forum

selection clauses‟ are an easy way out of the turmoil often

faced by firms during contractual disputes. Traditionally,

the United Kingdom and the United States of America

have been very restrictive about enforcing forum selection

clauses, however liberalizing it very recently. This article

through doctrinal study shows the present situation for

forum selection enforcement in India and United States.

Courts in India generally have followed the trend as laid

down in the United States. There have been diverse

judicial interpretations regarding validity of forum

selections clauses across the common law system. The

article discusses the judicial interpretations which has led

to the evolution and development of such contract

clauses.
The Extent of Mitigation of Risks through Regulation of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Derivative Markets in Different Jurisdictions
Authors: Agrawal Anshul
Published: July 2019

Over the last decade dealing with derivative financial

instruments (basically forwards, futures, options and

combinations of these), particularly in the Over-The-

Counter derivatives market has become a central activity

for major wholesale banks and financial institutions.

Major new regulatory initiatives are under consideration

in various jurisdictions and also adopted in some, as a

means for increasing transparency and reducing the

various types of risks involved in OTC derivative trading.

This paper tries to understand the concept of derivatives

as a whole. The main aim of the paper will be to analyze

the different types of risks that are involved in OTC

derivative trading. It will put forward these risks in a

manner so as to enable the reader to get an in depth study

of the risks in OTC derivative market through qualitative

and quantitative research. As mentioned above, this

paper will then focus on the regulatory regimes of three

major jurisdictions i.e. India, United States and Europe

and will conclude that these regulations are sufficiently

able to mitigate these risks in their respective

jurisdictions. Lastly, certain measures are recommended

for different jurisdictions so as to further increase the

ambit of sufficiency in mitigating the risks involved.
The ‘Disabled’ as a Subject of Law: Utopian Discourse or Pragmatic Paradigm?
Authors: Gaurav Mukherjee
Published: July 2019

Legal systems across the world have envisaged the ‗subjects of law‘ on the basis of gender, race or disability. The feminist school of thought opines that appropriate interventions are necessary on the identified structures that have the male non disabled as the subject of its legal discourse. The critical legal school believes that legal systems are built in ways that benefit certain groups of persons who seek to perpetuate the status quo. This paper seeks to understand the prevailing law in relation to the access to justice for individuals with disability and answer whether accommodations have been made to comply with India‘s international obligations vis-à-vis the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It shall also be the endeavour of this paper to compare as to how the developed and developing nations fare with relation to their United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities obligations to ensure that persons with disability have effective access to justice within the boundaries of the legal framework. The paper also demonstrates how the Indian legal system might be altered in order to make better procedural and substantive accommodations by drawing lessons from other nations.
Evolving Dimensions of Judiciary in India
Authors: Meera Mathew
Published: July 2019

Law, being a mode of social engineering, cannot be viewed in isolation. The vitality of law as a living organism is primarily dependent on the judge’s ability to interpret the same. From its nascent stage, the apex court in India has struggled with the issue of striking an equilibrium between economic and social reform programmes on the one hand and establishing the credibility of India by fostering respect for rule of law, on the other. This article deals with the changing dimensions of the Indian judiciary in playing a fundamental role in shaping the constitutional jurisprudence. The researcher seeks to examine the varying trends of the Supreme Court of India from the 1950’s to 1970’s, the 1980’s in the light of the introduction of Public Interest Litigation, the post 1990’s with the approach to liberalization and finally, the time period from 2000, wherein the judiciary has taken up an activist role. Further, the judicial reforms initiated to enhance administration, including the introduction of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, the constitution of Lok Adalats to amicably settle and compromise the disputes pending in the courts, the providing of free and competent legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of the society in consonance with Article 39A of the Constitution, the establishment of specialized tribunals, both administrative and internal (for instance Administrative Tribunals and the Armed Forces Tribunal) as well as tribunals dealing with the disputes arising out of or associated with economic activities such as Competition Appellate Tribunal, Securities Appellate Tribunal etc. have been highlighted. However, the researcher urges that the need of the day is to strive towards better quality of government and enhanced administration and that the judiciary has an essential role to play in achieving that goal. In conclusion, it is stated that unless people’s mental barriers towards reforms are broken, attempts of external remedies are bound to fail.
French Legal System in Puducherry vis-a-vis the Hindu law in India: Impact on Women and Children
Authors: Vayuna Gupta
Published: July 2019

The French acquired the territory of Puducherry in 1963 and since then a major quantum of the Puducherry legal system derives influence from the legal system of France. Post-independence, the citizens of this union territory were given an option to choose to be governed by either the French Law or the Indian Law. A few striking differences exist between these two legal systems with respect to adoption, marriage and divorce caused due to irretrievable breakdown of marriage. The French law defines 18 as the minimum age of marriage irrespective of sex, while Indian law provides for a minimum age of 18 and 21 for woman and man respectively. Additionally aspects such as consent in marriages and declaring marriage null and void are very different as per the jurisprudence of both systems. The Hindu Law does not provide for irretrievable breakdown of marriage, though recommendations have been made by the 217th Law Commission in 2009. These recommendations seem to be more feasible compared to the French Laws. Unlike the French law on adoption, earlier under Hindu law a woman could not adopt a child without relating the child to her husband. In such conditions divorced women faced difficulties during the process of adoption. Despite being a more progressive society, application of a few French Laws may not be consistent with the social conditions of our nation. It shall not be incorrect to conclude that it is extremely essential to mould these foreign laws to fit into the Indian society and survive therein.
The soul as a reality
Authors: Казаков Евгений , Kazakov Eugeniy
Published: July 2019

The monograph is devoted to the study of one of the "eternal" philosophical problems: the soul as a metaphysical essence of man and culture, its structure, functioning and Genesis. The study is the result of many years of work of the author, which is reflected in the books: "European history: the wandering of the soul"; "the Genesis of spiritual life"; "the heart". Addressed to teachers, graduate students and students, all interested in the metaphysics of human existence.
Basics of management consulting
Authors: Чуланова Оксана , Chulanova Oksana
Published: July 2019

Management consulting is a special service sector and an integral part of the economy's infrastructure. The textbook examines the basics of managerial counseling: the nature and purpose of counseling, the classification of consulting services, the stages and features of managerial counseling, the specifics of the marketing approach to managerial counseling, some tools and techniques of consulting.
The textbook contains not only theoretical material in the discipline "Fundamentals of management consulting", but also the practical works, including: questions for preparation for the exam, tasks for test control, topics of research projects with a detailed annotation, practical assignments.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
For students of educational organizations of higher education (bachelors) studying in directions 38.03.03 Personnel management; 38.03.02 Management; 38.03.04 State and municipal government, as well as for consultants-practitioners and HR-specialists.
Análisis jurisprudencial de las garantías de los derechos de las víctimas del conflicto armado por bandas criminales en Colombia
Authors: Pérez Fuentes Carlos Alfredo , Jaimes Patria Arenas , Vega Ardila Luz Marina , Camacho Castilla Jesus Alberto
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como finalidad presentar los resultados de un análisis jurisprudencial realizado para evidenciar el estado actual de la garantía de los derechos de las víctimas del conflicto armado por bandas criminales en Colombia. Dicho estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo y un método hermenéutico dirigido hacia la comprensión del significado de las estructuras escritas de las sentencias objeto de estudio mediante matrices de análisis y de análisis jurisprudencial. Como resultados se logra observar que la evolución jurisprudencial obedece a un desarrollo sociohistórico relacionado con la procura de los derechos de las víctimas. Conforme a lo anterior, se dan las siguientes categorías: comprensión del conflicto armado en sentido estrecho y en sentido amplio, la víctima y su reconocimiento ante grupos no identificados o bandas criminales y finalmente, el derecho fundamental que le asiste a las víctimas a ser incluidas en el Registro Único de Víctimas (RUV). Se concluye que las víctimas del conflicto armado han tenido una evolución jurisprudencial favorable a sus derechos, aunque quedan varios puntos por tratar que impiden su garantía efectiva.
La protección de los pasajeros de transporte aéreo en Colombia
Authors: Uribe Correa Daniel
Published: July 2019

Los derechos de los pasajeros han cobrado relevancia gracias al aumento exponencial en la demanda de los servicios de transporte aéreo y a la llegada de aerolíneas de bajo costo a Colombia. En este contexto, es de vital importancia analizar la manera como se puede hacer efectivo el derecho a la reclamación de los pasajeros, más aun, teniendo en cuenta que tanto la Aeronáutica Civil y la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio tienen competencia para conocer reclamaciones en contra de aerolíneas.Por lo anterior, este artículo tiene como propósito realizar un análisis sobre el alcance del derecho a la reclamación de los pasajeros de transporte aéreo frente a estas dos entidades.Con dicho propósito, este artículo analiza la normativa aplicable a los procedimientos de reclamación mencionados para identificar sus principales características y así, determinar cuáles son las diferencias más relevantes que pueden impactar las reclamaciones de los pasajeros.-----------------------------------------The rights of consumers of air travel services have become more relevant in recent times due to the exponential increase of the demand of these services and the arrival of low-cost airlines to Colombia. In this context, it is vital to analyze the way in which passengers can exercise their reclamation right, even more, considering that both the Civil Aeronautics Unit and the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce have powers to process reclamations against airlines. For this reason, this article performs an analysis of the scope of the right of reclamation of air travel consumers before these authorities. With such purpose, this article analyzes the regulations applicable to such proceedings in order to identify their main characteristics and thus, determine the main differences that may impact the reclamations of passengers.
Definiendo el hacinamiento. Estándares normativos y perspectivas judiciales sobre el espacio penitenciario
Authors: Torres Gomez Mario Andres , Ariza Higuera Libardo Jose
Published: July 2019

En los últimos años la crisis penitenciaria, en distintos países, ha ocupado un lugar central en las discusiones políticas, jurídicas y académicas. En el centro de estos debates se encuentra la cuestión del hacinamiento y su papel como principal indicador del desempeño penitenciario. No obstante, a pesar de su protagonismo, la definición del hacinamiento, así como su utilización en los modelos de intervención judicial, no es un asunto ampliamente debatido. En este texto proponemos un análisis del hacinamiento desde dos dimensiones. Por una parte, una dimensión jurídica que responde a la pregunta de cómo medir el hacinamiento y, por otra, una dimensión práctica que busca mostrar cómo se pone en marcha en los procesos de judicialización de la vida en prisión.
Three-Dimensional Bin Packing and Mixed-Case Palletization
Authors: Elhedhli Samir , Gzara Fatma , Yildiz Burak
Published: July 2019

Despite its wide range of applications, the three-dimensional bin-packing problem is still one of the most difficult optimization problems to solve. Currently, medium- to large-size instances are only solved heuristically and remain out of reach of exact methods. This is particularly true for its practical variant, the mixed-case palletization problem, where item support is needed. This and the lack of a realistic benchmark data set are identified as major research gaps by a recent survey. In this work, we propose a novel formulation and a column-generation solution approach, where the pricing subproblem is a two-dimensional layer-generation problem. Layers are highly desirable in practical packings as they are easily packable and can accommodate important practical constraints such as item support, family groupings, isle friendliness, and load bearing. Being key to the success of the column-generation approach, the pricing subproblem is solved optimally as well as heuristically and is enhanced by using item grouping, item replacement, layer reorganization, and layer spacing. We conduct extensive computational experiments and compare against existing approaches. We also use industrial data to train and propose a realistic data set. The proposed approach outperforms the best-performing algorithm in the literature on most instances and succeeds to solve practical size instances in very reasonable computational times.
Sponsorship Disclosure and Consumer Deception: Experimental Evidence from Native Advertising in Mobile Search
Authors: Sahni Navdeep S. , Nair Harikesh S.
Published: July 2019

An innovative large-scale field experiment studying advertising disclosure and consumer deception in mobile search.
How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food-Safety Inspections
Authors: Ibanez Maria R. , Toffel Michael W.
Published: July 2019

Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes inspection quality by altering inspector stringency. Our analysis of thousands of food-safety inspections reveals that inspectors are affected by the inspection outcomes at their prior-inspected establishment (outcome effects), citing more violations after they inspect establishments that exhibited worse compliance levels or trends. Moreover, consistent with negativity bias, the effect is stronger after observing compliance deterioration than improvement. Inspection results are also affected by when the inspection occurs within an inspector’s day (daily schedule effects): Inspectors cite fewer violations after spending more time conducting inspections throughout the day and when inspections risk prolonging their typical workday. Overall, our findings suggest that currently unreported violations would be cited if the outcome effects—which increase scrutiny—were triggered more often and if the daily schedule effects—which erode scrutiny—were reduced. For example, our estimates indicate that if outcome effects were doubled and daily schedule effects were fully mitigated, 11% more violations would be detected, enabling remedial actions that could substantially reduce foodborne illnesses and hospitalizations. Understanding and addressing these inspection biases can help managers and policymakers improve not only food safety but also process quality, environmental practices, occupational safety, and working conditions.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Verdade e idealização: a busca do autor Nick Tosches por uma experiência sensorial única em A última casa de ópio
Authors: Simionatto Bibiana Barrios
Published: July 2019

Por que a procura por substâncias entorpecentes mantém-se alta ao longo dos tempos? E por que essa busca hedonista por uma sensação que mimetize uma espécie de paraíso na terra é tão valorizada e glamourizada na literatura, na música e no cinema? O autor Nick Toshes aborda essa e outras questões esclarecedoras no livro A última casa de ópio, publicado pela primeira vez em Nova York (1985) com o título The last opium den. A publicação de Toshes serviu como ponto de partida para os objetivos deste artigo: investigar desejos e a busca por experiências únicas num mundo dominado pela cultura de massa.
O EMERGIR DA MEMÓRIA LITERÁRIA TROVADORESCA: A SUBJETIVIDADE LÍRICA EM “DEZ CHAMAMENTOS AO AMIGO”, DE HILDA HILST
Authors: De Oliveira Iara
Published: July 2019

No poema “Dez chamamentos ao amigo”, o qual inicia o livro Júbilo, memória e noviciado da paixão (1974), a subjetividade lírica é constituída e marcada pela tradição literária das cantigas trovadorescas, haja vista que expõe suas angústias devido à indiferença e abandono por parte do amado. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar como a subjetividade que se manifesta nesse conjunto de poemas dialoga e promove constantes rupturas com as cantigas de amigo, além de observar como a retomada do estado cantante dos poemas representa a evocação do que havia se perdido: a tradição oral da poesia. Para tanto, será realizada uma análise atenta de “Dez chamamentos ao amigo”. Para aprofundar as discussões propostas, a pesquisa recorre às contribuições teóricas de Giorgio Agamben (2009), Nelly Novaes Coelho (1991), Dominique Combe (2010) e outros.
A INFÂNCIA DA LITERATURA: EXERCÍCIOS DO OLHAR
Authors: Fiuza Marina Miranda
Published: July 2019

A partir da análise da obra infanto-juvenil “O olho de vidro do meu avô” (2004) do escritor mineiro Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós (1944-2012), o presente artigo busca construir relações de equivalência entre a infância e a literatura, possibilitadas, ao nosso ver, pela metáfora do “olho de vidro”. Apoiados em teorias da literatura e adotando um viés exploratório da filosofia fenomenológica buscaremos lançar luzes para uma leitura adensada do literário do título em questão em seu aspecto metalinguístico.
ERA UMA VEZ “A POUCA LITERATURA”: O UNIVERSO SOBRENATURAL NOS CONTOS INFANTOJUVENIS DE MARINA COLASANTI
Authors: Santana Borges Kelio Junior
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é promover uma análise do sobrenatural presente no conto de fadas moderno de Marina Colasanti. Propomos uma leitura segundo a qual, em vez de um sobrenatural maravilhoso ‒ como aquele comum aos contos medievais e que outrora se considerava ingênuo ‒, o sobrenatural explorado pela escritora dialogaria diretamente com a estética neofantástica, perspectiva teórica proposta por Jaime Alazraki (1980). A partir dessa leitura, buscamos deixar evidente que o expediente sobrenatural explorado por Marina Colasanti é o mesmo tanto na literatura infantojuvenil quanto aquela supostamente adulta, desconstruindo, com isso, antiquadas visões que entendiam o texto voltado para o público infantojuvenil como “pouca literatura”.
CONTO MARAVILHOSO, FÁBULA E AQUARELA: A OBRA DE BEATRIX POTTER E A DIVERSIDADE NO OLHAR PARA A LITERATURA INFANTIL
Authors: Soncini Gabriela Regina
Published: July 2019

Este artigo pretende realizar uma breve análise de alguns aspectos da obra da escritora inglesa Beatrix Potter, no que concerne aos elementos diversos que a obra da autora e ilustradora representa, como características narrativas da fábula e do conto maravilhoso, fazendo um movimento de toque no Reino Encantado, como nos aponta o teórico J.R.R.Tolkien (2013). Esse entrelugar que a obra da escritora representa, também pode ser analisado no toque sutil de suas aquarelas presentes em toda sua obra, na preocupação com o formato dos livros para as crianças e o espaço de criação. Com isso, esse trabalho pretende apresentar Beatrix Potter como uma importante escritora para se estudar e salientar a diversidade presente nos textos destinados à criança, tal como nos coloca o teórico Peter Hunt (2010), ampliando assim, um olhar singular dentro da pesquisa acadêmica para a literatura infantil.
O TRABALHO DE CAMPO PARA ALÉM DE UMA ATIVIDADE PRÁTICA NAS AULAS DE GEOGRAFIA: UMA METODOLOGIA DE VIABILIZAÇÃO DA CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Silva Alcinéia De Souza , Farias Ricardo Chaves de , Leite Cristina Maria Costa
Published: July 2019

O trabalho de campo, ao permitir o contato direto com o objeto de conhecimento e com o local onde os fatos/fenômenos se manifestam, constitui-se numa metodologia profícua no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Geografia pela sua capacidade de viabilizar a construção do conhecimento geográfico pelos estudantes da Educação Básica. À luz disso, o nosso intento neste trabalho é discutir, de forma crítica e reflexiva, sobre a forma como se desenvolve essa atividade em grande parte das escolas brasileiras, enfatizando que o trabalho de campo enquanto uma metodologia ativa de ensino e de aprendizagem deve primar, não só pela atividade prática do estudante frente ao fenômeno, mas pela sua atividade mental no processo de compreensão da realidade estudada. Tendo como metodologia de trabalho a revisão bibliográfica de pressupostos que envolvem o ensino de Geografia, as metodologias ativas e o trabalho de campo, procuramos, a partir de um método, revelar suas potencialidades formativas no desenvolvimento intelectual do indivíduo, sobretudo por instigar o aprendizado a partir da ação (prática e cognitiva), que se constitui dimensão basilar no entendimento das espacialidades contemporâneas.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO CONSTRUTIVISTA NA PARAÍBA: concepções e contradições da prática pedagógica
Authors: Andrade Alixandre Maria Aparecida Rosa de , Baptista Maria das Graças De Almeida
Published: July 2019

Este artigo, resultante de uma dissertação de Mestrado, analisa elementos da teoria construtivista piagetiana no processo de alfabetização e na concepção de professoras em escolas municipais de João Pessoa/PB. Tal estudo justifica-se no discurso recorrente das professoras a respeito do construtivismo, e pelo pressuposto de diferentes associações feitas pelos professores em relação à teoria e a prática. A metodologia desse estudo desenvolve-se em uma perspectiva qualitativa, o estudo tem como método científico o materialismo histórico. A pesquisa nos permite destacar as contradições na concepção das professoras, assim como a necessidade de uma maior compreensão sobre as teorias da educação, uma vez que o pouco que se sabe acerca dessa teoria se confunde com outros pressupostos teóricos.
Atendimento educacional especializado: o que pensam professores sobre sua atuação e formação
Authors: Franco Marco Antonio Melo , Ribeiro Cristiane Dias , De Almeida Fabiana Nascimento
Published: July 2019

O desafio colocado para a atuação do professor no atendimento educacional especializado (AEE) nos levou a investigar  o que pensam  professores de AEE acerca da formação docente, particularmente, a formação para atuar no AEE. Trata-se de um estudo de caso desenvolvido com professores de salas multifuncionais (AEE) de escolas públicas do município de Ouro Preto. O Estudo evidencia que embora existam politicas nacionais para a inclusão em educação, nem sempre os municípios desenvolvem essas políticas a contento. Revela que o investimento público na formação do professor tem sido mínimo obrigando o sujeito professor a buscar a sua formação de forma individual e solitária. Podemos dizer que, com muito esforço, esse professor se faz profissional, nesse campo, tecendo remendos na sua formação.
Could no-fault compensation for medical errors improve care and reduce costs?
Authors: Howard Anthony , McWilliams Tony , Hannant Gary , Saghir Noman , Giannoudis Peter , Scott Julian
Published: July 2019

The costs of litigation are large and increasing, to a level that places a drain on precious health-care resources and affects the way medicine is practised. This article examines whether a change to a no-fault legal system would lead to reduced costs and improved patient care.
Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance
Authors: Sobur Md. Abdus , Sabuj Abdullah Al Momen , Sarker Ripon , Rahman A. M. M. Taufiqur , Kabir S. M. Lutful , Rahman Md. Tanvir
Published: July 2019

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.
ВЫРАЖЕННОСТЬ ДОВЕРИЯ К ИНСТИТУТАМ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКО-АЗИАТСКОГО ПРИГРАНИЧЬЯ
Authors: Ноянзина Оксана Евгеньевна , Максимова Светлана Геннадьевна , Омельченко Дарья Алексеевна
Published: July 2019

Рассматриваются особенности проявления доверия населения приграничных регионов России институтам гражданского общества. В анализе выраженности доверия к институтам гражданского общества использованы данные социологического исследования в четырех российских регионах (Алтайский и Забайкальский края, Кемеровская и Оренбургская области), проведенного в 2018 г. Сделан вывод о том, что доверие гражданским институтам достаточно выражено, однако имеет как региональные, так и иные особенности, определяемые социально-демографическими характеристиками опрошенных, а также доминирующими гражданскими идентичностями. В целом же социальное доверие населения можно распределить на доверие к трем группам институтов: смысл первой группы задают классические демократические общественно-политические формирования, второй — духовно-этнокультурные объединения и третьей — социально значимые общественные объединения.
ВОПРОСЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА
Authors: Касымова Валентина Махмутовна , Архангельская Анна Валерьевна
Published: July 2019

Со времени обретения независимости в энергетике Кыргызской Республики накопился ряд кризисных явлений, создающих угрозу энергетической безопасности страны. Помимо высокой степени износа основных фондов энергокомпаний, высокого уровня задолженности перед кредиторами, на сегодняшний день республика существенно отстает от других постсоветских стран как в сфере наращивания энергетических мощностей, так и организации процесса мониторинга состояния энергетической безопасности для принятия своевременных управленческих решений. Цель данного исследования заключается в рассмотрении сущности факторов и угроз энергетической безопасности, их оценке на примере Кыргызской Республики. Вступление Кыр гызской Республики в Евразийский Экономический союз оказало влияние на состояние и перспективы обеспечения энергетической безопасности Кыргызской Республики с учетом формирования единых рынков электроэнергии, газа, нефти и нефтепродуктов, главным образом за счет воздействия на внешние факторы энергетической безопасности.