bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of salinity on the growth of seaweed Gracilaria changii (Xia and Abbott, 1987)
Authors: Tresnati J , Yasir I , Bestari A D , Yanti A , Aprianto R , Tuwo A
Published: May 2021

Gracilaria changii is a seaweed species that is widely cultivated in brackish water ponds. G. changii cultivated in brackish waters will face high salinity problems in the dry season. This study aimed to analyse the effect of salinity on the growth of G. changii. The study was conducted in a controlled tank which was allowed to evaporate naturally, and without the addition of fresh water so that salinity can increase progressively. This study indicates that high salinity significantly affects the growth of G. changii. G. changii is a true euryhaline, can live at a salinity of 7 to 115 ppt. At salinity levels above 100 ppt, G. changii growth was negative and thallus has discoloration, but still survive. The different salinity at the beginning of cultivation produces a different maximum weight; this shows that G. changii can form an ecotype based on a salinity gradient.
Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) assessment for grouper and snapper fisheries in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Nadiarti N , Moore Abigail , Abu Nur , Rahim Sri Wahyuni , Chasanah Miftahul
Published: May 2021

Groupers and snappers are two demersal fish groups that are currently experiencing heavy fishing pressure both for the live reef fish trade and as fresh or processed fisheries commodities across the Coral Triangle. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of grouper and snapper fisheries in the Bontang region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) indicators. The assessment followed the Indonesian EAFM Assessment Guidelines methodology, with 6 Domains (Fisheries Resources, Habitat and Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, Social, Economy, and Governance) and 32 indicators. Data were collected through a desk study and site visits including key informant interviews, direct observation and secondary data collection. With the exception of the Social Domain, at least one indicator in each Domain was in the Very Poor category, and three indicators were in the Poor category. Management policies and actions are needed to maintain the overall Good status and address the issues threatening sustainability.
Population dynamics of mantis shrimp (Miyakea Nepa Fabricius, 1781) in Siwa, Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kaisar  , Nadiarti Nadiarti , Umar Moh. Tauhid , Nafie Yayu Anugrah La , Priosambodo Dody , Irmawati  , Tresnati Joeharnani , Suwarni
Published: May 2021

Miyakea nepa is a mantis shrimp commonly found in the coastal waters of Bone Bay, Indonesia. This study aimed to determine mantis shrimp population dynamics including age groups, growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and relative yield per recruit. The study was conducted in the waters around Siwa in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi from June to July 2019. The age groups, natural mortality, total mortality, fishing mortality, exploitation level, and yield per recruit were calculated and analyzed using equations and methods contained in the FAO-ICLARM Fish stock Assessment Tools II (Fisat II) program. The results imply rapid growth in the mantis shrimp Miyakea nepa (Latreille,1828) and indicate that the population studied has been over-exploited.
Dynamics of Thermal Fronts Distribution in the Flores Sea, Indonesia: An implication for locating potential skipjack tuna fishing ground
Authors: Zainuddin Mukti , Farhum St. Aisjah , Safruddin Safruddin , Hidayat Rachmat , Putri Andi Rani Sahni , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Flores Sea is one of the most productive fishing grounds within the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area 713 which has the unique physical structures such as topographic feature, the seasonal wind driven upwelling, and also the dynamics of frontal patterns. The purposes of this study were to map the dynamic spatial of the thermal fronts in the east and the second transition seasons, and to describe their implications to the skipjack fishery. We applied the satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) for the period of June-October 2018 with spatial and temporal resolutions of 0.04 degree latitude and longitude and monthly, respectively. For fishery data, we used sampling data of skipjack tuna fishing ground distributions during this period. The thermal fronts were estimated using a Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) algorithm and the available fishing ground data were superimposed on the SST frontal maps. The results showed that the spatial distribution patterns of thermal fronts along Flores Sea tended to be different every month. However, the thermal fronts were consistently detected throughout the study period. Skipjack tuna fishing grounds started to develop in the eastern area of Selayar Island in June (before upwelling event) and reached a peak in October (after upwelling). During these months, the skipjack fishing grounds well formed around the thermal fronts with the distance of 0-40 km. It implies that the formation of the thermal fronts especially after upwelling gives a significant contribution on the development of skipjack fishery in the Flores Sea.
The performance of traditional fishing technologies of narrow barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in Bone Bay waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Mallawa Achmar , Amir Faisal , Palo Mahfud
Published: May 2021

Narrow barred Spanish mackerel is a high-value pelagic fish and is mostly caught in Bone Bay waters. These fish can be caught using purse seines, drift gill nets, lift net and hand lines, but the most catches are in drift gill nets and hand lines. This study aims to compare the performance of drift gill nets and hand line technologies. Biological, technical, social, economic and legal data were collected from 2018 to 2020 through direct field observations and interviews. Performance according to the four aspects and the combination of all aspects of the two fishing gear were analyzed using the Mangkusubroto Scoring method. Based on the biological and technical aspects the performance of the hand line was better than the drift gill nets, while on the contrary, based on the economic and social aspects, the performance of gill nets was better than the hand lines. Based on legal and institutional aspects, the two technologies do not show any differences. Although there are differences in the performance of the biological, technical, social and economic aspects, the performance of the two technologies is classified as good.
Socio-economic impacts on lobster fishery actors after the implementation of Regulation No 12/PERMEN-KP/2020
Authors: Hilyana Sitti , Nurliah  , Amir Sadikin , Waspodo Saptono
Published: May 2021

The promulgation of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 12/PERMEN-KP/2020 on Management of Lobster (Panulirus spp.), Mud Crab (Scylla spp.), and Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus spp.) in the Territorial waters of the Republic of Indonesia has implications for the management of lobster fisheries within the Indonesia’s Territorial Waters and Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs). This research aims to outline the current condition of lobster fisheries with the enactment of the ministerial regulation’s KP number 12/2020 on lobster fishery and to analyse the policy gaps regarding the implementation of lobster fisheries regulations. Data were collected within FMA 573 through a structured interview technique using a clustered questionnaire system and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key informants. The impacts of the regulation were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively using a descriptive approach. The results indicate that the implementation of regulation No. 12/PERMEN-KP/2020 has not resulted in significant increases in income for lobster fishers and traders, in fact rather the reverse. The legalization of juvenile lobster capture has increased the supply, leading to a decrease in juvenile lobster prices. The price per lobster has fallen from IDR 6,000-10,000 to IDR 3,500-4,000, IDR17,500 to IDR 10,000-11,000 andIDR 27,500-30,000 to IDR 16,000-17,000 for fishermen, middlemen and exporters, respectively. The positive impacts on lobster fishers were an increased sense of security since it is no longer illegal to catch and trade juvenile lobsters.
Microplastic abundance in sea urchins (Diadema setosum) from seagrass beds of Barranglompo Island, Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Sawalman R , Werorilangi S , Ukkas M , Mashoreng S , Yasir I , Tahir A
Published: May 2021

High levels of anthropogenic activities on Barranglompo Island in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia increase the amount of plastic waste in the surrounding waters, especially in seagrass beds. Plastic waste becomes fragmented into small particles called microplastics (MPs). Sea urchins (Echinoidea), as organisms associated with seagrass beds, can accumulate microplastics through their feeding habits. This study aimed to determine the abundance and characteristics of microplastics accumulated in sea urchins (Diadema setosum), seagrass leaves, and sediment. Samples (urchins, seagrass leaves, and sediment) were collected from a multi-species (Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii) seagrass bed where D. setosum was present. The internal organs of the sea urchins were extracted using a KOH 10% solution to degrade organic materials. The seagrass leaves were rinsed using distilled water and stirred using a shaker rotator. MPs in sediment were separated using ZnBr2. MPs in all samples were identified visually under a stereomicroscope. The results show that all (100%) sea urchins samples (n=10), seagrass leaves (n=24), and sediment samples (n=8) were contaminated by MPs. The average MP abundance was 23.70±2.99 items/individual in D. setosum; 0.10±0.02 items/cm2 and 0.24±0.05 items/cm2 respectively on E. acoroides and T. hemprichii leaves; and 195±66.98 items/kg of dry weight in the sediment. The MPs found shared similar characteristics such as colour (predominantly blue) and shape (dominated by line).
Historical data on shallow-water invertebrates in Palu Bay, Indonesia to address the “Shifting Baselines” syndrome
Authors: Ndobe S , Gani A , Salanggon A M , Wahyudi D , Rosyida E , Moore A M
Published: May 2021

As global change accelerates in the Anthropocene, the “shifting baselines” paradigm is also exacerbated. In this context, it is important to make historical data available in order to assist in evaluating and mitigating the changes occurring. Even though data from the first two decades of the 21st Century do not represent a pristine or true baseline condition, it is important to collate and curate data from this period. Unfortunately, many data are unpublished or stored in temporary repositories for a short time horizon (e.g. 3-10 years) or in printed format only, greatly limiting detection and access. We present data from four studies on shallow water invertebrates in Palu Bay collected over the period from 2008 to 2010. The taxonomic groups covered are Molluscs (Gastropods), Echinoderms and Cnidaria (corals), with some data on other taxa. These data will be of especial interest as a reference in evaluating the condition and recovery of the coastal ecosystems of Palu Bay after the 2018 tsunami.
Community perceptions on and participation in mangrove protection efforts for climate change in Pannikiang Island, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nining Nur , Malik Abdul , Arfan Amal , Maru Rosmini
Published: May 2021

Knowledge, understanding, and participation of the community regarding mangrove protection are important components in supporting climate change mitigation. This study aimed to determine the levels of community perception of and participation in mangrove protection for climate change mitigation in Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fourteen of household heads were selected using a saturation sampling method and interviewed based on a questionnaire. A Likert scale and correlation analyses were implemented to determine the level of perception and participation of the community (low, medium, and high) as well as influencing factors. The results showed that the level of all community respondent perceptions (100%) was in the medium category (average score of 16.28), while for a majority (64.29%) their participation rate was in the high category (average score of 21.50). Length of stay was the main factor influencing respondent perception followed by income, while government roles in mangrove protection were the primary factor affecting respondent participation. Improving the knowledge and understanding of the community can be a viable option in mangrove protection efforts related to climate change.
Carrying capacity analysis in Bunaken National Park to support marine tourism activity (dive and snorkelling tourism)
Authors: Farhum Mini Farida , Jompa Jamaluddin , Restu Muhammad , Salman Darmawan
Published: May 2021

The carrying capacity of an area for tourism is the number of tourists that can be physically present/undertaking certain activities in the area at a given time without significant disturbance to nature and other humans. This study estimated the potential environmental carrying capacity of Bunaken National Park for marine tourism, specifically for snorkelling and diving activities. This research was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in Bunaken National Park. The results showed a concentration of diving and snorkelling in the National Park around Bunaken Island (50% of all tourists) with other islands receiving 10% to 25% of tourist volume. This level could have a negative impact on the sustainability of the coral reef ecosystems around Bunaken Island; therefore, diving and snorkelling activities around this island need to be managed appropriately.
Reduction in hydraulic conductivity and organic contaminants through biofilm formation on porous media
Authors: Kanmani S , Meenakshi B S , Ponnalagu S K , Sakthivel K , Vasanth S , Rajendran A
Published: May 2021

The creation of municipal solid waste produces serious ecological and community health problem throughout the world, particularly in emerging countries. Undeveloped scrapyards are the eldest and most communal method of solid waste disposal. If this is not properly managed, the migration of leachate from dump yards or landfills and the discharge of pollutants creates subsurface water pollution. Among different pollution measures, biofilm accumulation is the major choice. These studies indicate that biological barriers may be a promising technology to suppress pollutant plumes in the field. The present research focused on, the theory of biofilm aggregation in sand columns has been further to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of synthetic leachate and changes in organic pollutant concentration. Two different column research combinations were completed by using synthetic leachate as substrate solution. One column is used as a blank, and the other column is corrected with a mixed microbial culture separated from the leachate. The layered experimental mode using two different sizes of sand (0.3 mm and 0.6 mm) is used for column packing. The tower continuously supplies synthetic leachate for 50 days. Compared with the layered sand column, the hydraulic conductivity of the layered sand microbial column has the largest decrease, which is 88.42%. The analysis of organic pollutants in wastewater leachate also clearly shows that, compared with natural and synthetic liners used to control the migration of leachate in the underground environment, layered sand modified with microorganisms has appropriate remedial measures.
A Comparative Study on Recycled Plastic Railway Sleeper with Concrete Sleeper
Authors: Indhiradevi P , Saravanakumar P , Manikandan P , Rajkumar K , Logeswaran S , pandian S Arul
Published: May 2021

India is the country that largely depends on railway networks. The material used for casting of railway sleepers should be of good quality, economical, eco-friendly and strong. Concrete and steel are most commonly used material. Concrete sleepers are very heavy and crack easily and steel also having corrosion problem, so we need the correct alternative sleeper for long duration. The plastic has a good quality, durability and life span against decomposition and make it most eco-friendly these days. Plastic sleepers have excellent damping characteristics combined with the relatively low weight and recycling of plastic wastes reduces the global environmental problem. The recycled plastic railway sleepers employed at the railway networks in abroad Railway sleepers made up of waste plastic are often the simplest choice for the revolution in railways. It is made by using plastic from waste polycarbonate and polyethylene and then glass fiber is added in the sleeper as a reinforcement. It is often the simplest alternative over concrete and steel sleepers. The test results of Flexural strength show the plastic railway sleeper is a bit on a longer scale compared to the concrete sleeper. Therefore, the plastic sleepers are excellent alternative for concrete and steel sleepers in railways.
Review of Nanomaterials in Construction
Authors: Vinodhini C , Rajeshkumar V , Anandraj S , Kavitha R , Logsehwaran S , Kapildev C
Published: May 2021

Nano particles are minute materials ranging sizes from 1 to 100 nm. The different classes of nano particle are classified based on their sizes, shapes and properties. The fame of Nanomaterials (NMs) in methodological advancements due to their biological, chemical and physical properties are developing based on their performance. The superiority of using the different types of nanoparticles in the construction field are immense, resulting in extraordinary performance in chemical and physical properties of the modified construction material. Commonly used nanoparticles in the construction sector are copper, carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, silica, aluminium oxide and clay. The development of nanoparticles is observed in construction reflecting in adoptive industries, demand and production. The main objective is to analyse and study the history, types, applications and uses in construction.
Optimization of Winglet of a Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Aravindkumar N , Arun Karthick P , Karan M , Manoj Y , Nagaraj G , Naresh Babu C
Published: May 2021

Sustainable energy resources are becoming a growing and rapidly expanding source of energy. Research into clean and renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind energy, is a key topic in the production of alternative energy. The problem being addressed is the design, optimization, construction, and testing of a different angle of winglet configuration. The Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method can be used to compute the output of a propeller blade. The BEM method formulas and procedures are presented and their implementation is also illustrated using a NACA5514 airfoil shape. From this analysis, a reasonably good agreement in terms of power coefficients of airfoil can be found from the results of the computation.
Chlorophyll, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Moringa Oleifera Lam. leaf extract by microwave-assisted extraction method
Authors: Khoi Nguyen Nguyen Hong , Quynh Chau Nguyen Thanh , Thinh Pham Van , Truc Tran Thanh
Published: May 2021

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a leafy plant that contains many nutrients and bioactive compounds such as chlorophyll, polyphenol with antioxidant activity. The microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method is a method that has the advantages of short extraction time, saving organic solvents and safe use. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence conditions of the microwave-assisted extraction on the chlorophyll, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of moringa leaves. The highest contents of these compounds in Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves were obtained as follows chlorophyll content 12.72 ± 0.17 μg/mL, polyphenol content 5.4 ± 0.09 g/L and antioxidant activity 2895.40 ± 67.38 μmol/L when extracted under conditions of solvent acetone 90°, solid to solvent ratio of 1:30, microwave power of 600W, microwave-assisted extraction time of 2 minutes.
Stress Analysis of Landing Gear of Boeing 747-400 Aircraft
Authors: Khatawate Vinayak H. , Parikh Parva , Radadiya Ronak
Published: May 2021

The Boeing 747-400 aircraft incorporates a tricycle four-wheeled and two-axled landing gear. Being a jumbo-jet, the landing gear of Boeing 747-400 deals with tremendous loads during an approach, therefore, it becomes extremely important to identify critical sections and estimate the maximum stresses the gear can take, corresponding to various glideslopes. This paper deals with the determination of critical section and stresses developed in a landing gear during an approach. Three glideslopes of 3, 5 and 10 degrees were used to find critical section in a landing gear.
Application of queuing theory to reduce waiting period at ATM using a simulated approach
Authors: Devi Soorya S , Sreelatha K S
Published: May 2021

Queuing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queuing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. A basic queuing system consists of an arrival process (how customers arrive at the queue, how many customers are present in total), the queue itself, and the service process for attending to those customers, and departures from the system. This paper investigates the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) service optimization in the banking industry using queuing modelling approach. Data were collected over a week and calculations are done on an average. Measurements were taken about arrival time and service time of customers who arrived at the bank within the period of investigation. In ATM, bank customers arrive randomly and the service time is also random. We use Little’s theorem and M/M/1 queuing model to derive the arrival rate, service rate, utilization rate, waiting time in the queue.
Design and Analysis of Metal Expansion bellows under Axial and Transverse loadsusing CATIA V5 R21 software
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: May 2021

Bellow is a versatile seal/expansion joint, whose convoluted element is designed to flex even as thermal moves get up in the piping machine. The form of convolutions relies upon the amount of movement the bellows should accommodate or the stress that want to be used to perform this deflection. The convoluted elements have to be strong circumferentially to face up to the contraction and thermal growth of the device. This strength with flexibility is a totally specific design problem that isn’t often positioned in other additives in commercial machine. Bellows are regularly used in the pressure vessels or piping device, aerospace, and so forth. It has the characteristic to soak up ordinary or irregular enlargement and contraction inside the device. Because of the reality bellows require excessive strength in addition to properly flexibility, we determine upon SS 316 L alloy to layout and manufacture a bellow. The design, manufacturing and evaluation of bellows are extra complex than different contemporary tubes. A magazine associated with layout and production of bellows may be noted. On this study, we bear in mind to format, modelling and detailing of bellows under axial and transverse loading the usage of Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Association(EJMA) code using CATIA V5 R21 software. With the aid of the use of this EJMA code one can anticipate the circumferential membrane strain, meridional membrane pressure, motion in keeping with convolution and fatigue life cycle of the bellows.
Synthesis, identification and study of mesomorphic properties of compounds containing two C2H2N2O rings
Authors: Al-Obaidi Omar B. , Tomma Jumbad H.
Published: May 2021

The novel compounds of 1,3,4-C2H2N2O were manufactured from the response of acid hydrazides with carboxylic acids using POCl3 under reflex. These compounds were obtained from many sequence reactions as in Scheme 1. Converted anasic acid to acorresponding ester and acid hydrazid. The acid hydrazide used as starting materials for synthesis new carboxylic acid [IV] via condensation the acid hydrazide with 4-aminobenzoic acid in POCl3 to yield compound [III]. Then, the later compound coupling with benzoic acid in suitable conditions to formation compound [IV]. Also this new carboxylic acid [IV]converted to a corresponding ester and acid hydrazide. Finally, the synthesized acid hydrazides [VI] reacted with different type of carboxylic acid in POCl3 to get new derivatives of 1, 3, 4-C2H2N2O in two synthetic routs. The novel compounds were identified by using FTIR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The behaviour of these derivatives was examined under OPM and DSC. Compounds [IV], [VIII]1 and [XI]aexhibited nematic mesophase, while the other compounds [V], [VI], [VIII]3, 4, 5, 8, 9 and [XI]b, c did not show any mesomorphic properties.
Effect of low velocity impact on hybrid composite pipes orientated with different helix angles – numerical method
Authors: Vijaya Rajan V , Elancheziyan D , Amarnath P , Arumparithy G L , Shanmugam M , Santhanam V
Published: May 2021

In this study Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model is developed to understand the effect of low velocity impact on hybrid (Carbon/Glass/Epoxy) composite pipes which were wound using the filament winding technique in two different diameters. The results were compared with the existing experimental results and further validated FEA model was used to understand the effect of varying thickness and change of helix angle in the impact using ABAQUS tool. In this FEA design, composite pipe was modelled with the orientation of (CG90/CG60) for varying thicknesses (2.67mm, 4mm, 5.3mm and 6mm) and helix angles with variations as 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° respectively. Hybrid pipe model was subjected to three different levels of impact energy namely as 20 J, 25 J and 30 J. Effect of impact studied in terms of force, deflection and energy absorbed by the specimen. The possibility of increasing in the energy absorption through increasing thickness and withstanding high impact forces and impact resistance decreasing with increase in the helix angle of orientation namely, as 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° respectively was seen.
AC Contactor Electrical Health Estimator Model
Authors: Abirami S , Ruthvik S , Sathiq Ali M , Sathish Kumar R , Sujith Kumar J P
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a new model for estimating the remaining electrical life of the AC contactor is proposed. The model involves an equation that use the rated and operational parameters, material properties and geometries to estimate electrical health of contactor. The variation in the contact resistance as a function of time is found varying in accordance with the remaining electrical life of the contactor. This characteristic parameter along with the data regarding the quantity of material lost at the contact surface has been fed as the sample data for the machine learning model. The sample data is carefully chosen from the contactors operating at different environmental conditions and utilization categories to include wide range of data. Using the collected data from contactors operating in varied environments and utilization categories a Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier model is generated and used to estimate the remaining electrical life.
An Effect of Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions using Palma Rosa grass oil as Biodiesel
Authors: Mohan K , Sri Bharani Tharaan M , Sriram Muthu Mani V , Srihari M , Rohit Saran S
Published: May 2021

In the current scenario, all the developing countries majorly depend on the Transportation sector for this they need a high volume of fuel resources this made the developing countries bargain from the oil-producing countries. Due to the high demand for fuel, price hike which brings a burden to the people, emission of CO2 leads to the pollution which in turn causing damage to the Atmosphere. To reduce the pollution and price hike we need an alternate solution like Biodiesel for this the biodiesel from palmarosa grass oil can be used as fuel at the different blends, the properties of the fuel, Performance, Emission, brake thermal efficiency, Specific fuel consumption are analysed at the different blends of Diesel and Biodiesel at the four-stroke diesel engine at different load condition and various mixtures of biofuel (P10, P20, P30). The result of the experiment shows that biodiesel blends P30 gives the maximum brake thermal efficiency of 35.18% which is comparatively lower than diesel. Thus, the biodiesel blend of P30 has a reduction in the emission of CO2 and HC at the level of 5% and 4%, where carbon monoxide emission is slightly reduced compared to diesel.
Analysis of Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Framed Structure
Authors: Kavitha R , Sundarraja M C , Vinodhini C , Dinakaran E , Aswinkumar A , Jenifer Princy A
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the study of behavior of RC frames design for gravity (GF) and earthquake load (EQF). Nonlinear push over analysis was done using SAP on the models (GF & EQF). The functioning of RC frame is estimated in terms of displacement, shear, and performance point and inters story drift. The results from push over analysis for GF and EQF are compared with each other. An approach of the performance level of a 2D frame (PBF) has been done by using the Deformation based earthquake design with the displacement required to be achieved for the performance level as specified in FEMA 356. Here the yield strength is calculated for the required target displacement and the PBF frame is redesign by strength based. Hinges are developed in the ground floor vertical member while carried out the seismic design and only in beams in EQF this represent the strong beam column weak beam concept is applied and inter-story drift is more in top floor for GF and almost similar in all the floors for EQF. Yield shear strength obtained is almost equal to that of the analysis for Performance based frame.
Study on Properties of Concrete Using Steel Fibers in M40 Grade Concrete
Authors: Dhivya S , Manikandan P , Devaraja J , Dhivyalakshmi M , Akashkumar R , Ajithkumar A R
Published: May 2021

Concrete is a mixture of various components which possess strength, durability and also the aesthetic appearance. This study deals with the strengthening properties of Concrete by adding of steel fibers. This paper investigates about steel fibers that can be effectively used in concrete as a addition to concrete. This experimental study on various proportion steel fibers in addition to concrete. These steel fibers have a good tensile property strengthen the concrete which is weak in tension. The different percentages of fibers are 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90 and 1. The result shows that 1 percentage of fibers in Concrete attains a very high strength when compare to the conventional M 40 Grade Concrete. Further studies show that 1% of steel fiber plays a best role in addition with Concrete which is economically considerable and improves the tensile nature of the concrete.
Minimizing Rental Cost with Continuous Machine Operation Using Ginni Simpson Index
Authors: Goel Richa , Gupta Deepak , Kaur Harshleen
Published: May 2021

This paper studies scheduling problem of two machines with uncertain dispensation time. Our objective of study is to attain a schedule which makes idle time of machines equal to zero and reduces the rental cost of machines. Here processing time is uncertain. To deal with uncertainty Ginni Simpson Index is used. A numerical example is employed to make clear the given algorithm.
Study on Tribological Properities Of Aluminium Hybrid Composities For Automotive Applications
Authors: Kaviyarasan K , Saaron A , Rahuram K M , Ranjithvel A , Selvakumar S
Published: May 2021

Aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites are refined through stir casting method. Aluminium A-356 is reinforced with ceramic particles like Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) and Tungsten carbide (WC) in varying weight percentages (ie. 2.5% and 5%). (The purpose is to compare the properties like of the different composite specimens). This work aims to develop aluminium metal hybrid composites for automotive applications and studying its wear characteristics. Due to low density, aluminium metal was chosen. Of the several alloys, A356 is chosen as the matrix material since it has good castability and good strength and low cost. Among the reinforcements, WC possess high durability and good wear support. Stir casting technique embraced to fabricate specimens. Then the casted specimens were machined and subjected to wear testing to examine the tribological properties through Pin on disc tribometer apparatus. The pin specimens were tested under different sliding conditions. Then the specimens were investigate under the (SEM) which is Scanning electron microscope to study the wear structure that occurred in sliding condition.
Construction Emission Management using Wind Rose Plot and AERMOD Application
Authors: Gopi R , Saravanakumar R , Elango K S , Chandrasekar A , Navaneethan K S , Gopal N
Published: May 2021

Construction activities have the potential to generate a substantial amount of air pollution. In the past 30 years pollution in construction industry has acknowledged more consideration in the industry. Dust and emissions from destruction and construction activities can worsen the quality of air which can harm to health and impact upon life quality. Particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5(less than10mm, 2.5mm in Ф) are now recognized as significant causes of pollution and they can be carried from sites even in light winds. India is home to 13 of the 20 cities with the maximum levels of particulate air pollution worldwide, according to 2012 statement by the World Health Organization. This paper provides an overview of control of dust emissions by considering the direction and dispersion of particulate emissions based on wind speed. Indian Meteorological Data (IMD) provides a details regarding wind speed for every location which can be taken into account. It is necessary to maintain the air quality according to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
Remediation of Cr(VI) from wastewater using biochar of Indian Grass
Authors: Karunakaran S , Lineesh P , Surendran G , Baral Saroj S , Kavitha S , Jayakumar C
Published: May 2021

Chromium is extremely noxious unneeded for any living organism and its occurrence is unusual in nature. Many industrial activities such as mining, metal plating, wood preservation, dyes, pigments, tanning and textile industries makes pollution which cause major health hazards. The present study explores the possibilities using biochar from any carbonized material to use as source to remove the toxic material from any industrial effluent and particularly for Cr(VI). Batch process was accomplished to examine the outcome of various parameters to eliminate the Cr (VI) from the solutions. The rate of adsorption has been interrelated with all the parameters. The Cr(VI) adsorbed bio-char may be used as a fuel in Ferrochrome industry. From the study, it was experimental that adsorption kinetics obeys the pseudo second order kinetics. Experimental data follows the Langmuir isotherm. Intra-particle diffusion is most sluggish steps which determine the rate.
Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone
Authors: Whelan Ian T , Moeendarbary E , Hoey David A , Kelly Daniel J
Published: May 2021

Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified inin vitrobone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineeredin vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelledin vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had inin vitroorgan modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculaturein vitrowithin the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.
A camouflage coating with similar solar spectrum reflectance to leaves based on polymeric inorganic composite
Authors: Gao Ying , Tang Bo , Ji Guojian , Chen Kang , Wang Zhengwei , Ye Hong
Published: May 2021

To realize the hyperspectral camouflage under the background of vegetation, a camouflage polyvinyl alcohol coating containing lithium chloride and green pigment particles of chromium sesquioxide (Cr2O3) was prepared on a stainless-steel substrate. Based on the four flux Kubelka-Munk model, the reflectances of the coatings with different volume fractions of Cr2O3 (f
c) were predicted and compared with those of the membranes without substrate. The results show that when f
c reaches 0.8%, the 0.2 mm thick coating can conceal the reflectance characteristics of the stainless-steel substrate. The reflectances of the coatings with the volume fraction of water (f
w) in the range from 0% to 50% were also calculated via the model. It is found that the reflectances around 1460 nm and 1940 nm decrease with increased f
w due to the significantly enhanced absorption coefficient, and the correlation coefficient between the spectral reflectances of the camouflage coating and an Osmanthus fragrans leaf increases from 0.913 to 0.954, indicating that the coating camouflage performance can be improved by increasing f
w.
Optimization of magnesia sintering parameters fabricated by spark plasma sintering method for infrared transparency
Authors: Pournajaf Reza , Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi S A , Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi Reza , Alhaji Amir , Nourbakhsh Amir Abbas
Published: May 2021

In this study, sintering of magnesia nanopowder was investigated using spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the effects of time and pressure on microstructure, physical properties, density, and infrared transparency were studied. Densification of magnesia nanopowder was examined at 1100 °C and the pressure of 40, 60, and 80 MPa, and at different times. Findings indicated that MgO ceramics’ density rapidly increased with increasing the sintering time up to 5 min, while it increased with a slow speed after 5 min. Analysis of grain growth rate at different times indicated that, in the initial stages of sintering, the process was done through a non-diffusional process and, in the final 15 min of the process, it was done through lattice diffusion. In addition, examining the yield stress of the sintered sample at 1100 °C and considering its conformity with the results of theoretical density showed that it underwent plastic deformation up to 15 min. In general, the results revealed that the main mechanism of magnesia sintering was plastic deformation. The highest infrared transmittance of 65% was obtained for the sample sintered at 1100 °C for 20 min at 80 MPa.
Feasibility of using a single MRI acquisition for fiducial marker localization and synthetic CT generation towards MRI-only prostate radiation therapy treatment planning
Authors: Nosrati R , Lam W W , Paudel M , Pejović-Milić A , Morton G , Stanisz G J
Published: May 2021

Purpose. To investigate the feasibility of using a single MRI acquisition for fiducial marker identification and synthetic CT (sCT) generation towards MRI-only treatment planning for prostate external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Methods. Seven prostate cancer patients undergoing EBRT, each with three implanted gold fiducial markers, participated in this study. In addition to the planning CT scan, all patients were scanned on a 3 T MR scanner with a 3D double-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was performed for marker localization. QSM-derived marker positions were compared to those from CT. The bulk density assignment technique for sCT generation was adopted. The magnitude GRE images were segmented into muscle, bone, fat, and air using a combination of unsupervised intensity-based classification of soft tissue and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for bone segmentation. Results. All implanted markers were visualized and accurately identified (average error: 0.7 ± 0.5 mm). QSM generated distinctive contrast for hemorrhage, calcifications, and gold fiducial markers. The estimated susceptibility/HU values on QSM/CT for gold and calcifications were 31.5 ± 2.9 ppm/1220 ± 100 HU and 14.6 ± 0.9 ppm/440 ± 100 HU, respectively. The intensity-based soft tissue classification resulted in an average Dice score of 0.97 ± 0.02; bone segmentation using CNN resulted in an average Dice score of 0.93 ± 0.03. Conclusion. This work indicates the feasibility of simultaneous fiducial marker identification and sCT generation using a single MRI acquisition. Future works includes evaluation of the proposed method in a large cohort of patients with optimized acquisition parameters as well as dosimetric evaluations.
Unraveling the optical contrast in Sb2Te and AgInSbTe phase-change materials
Authors: Ahmed Shehzad , Wang Xu-Dong , Zhou Yu-Xing , Sun Liang , Mazzarello Riccardo , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2021

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) show a significant contrast in optical reflectivity and electrical resistivity upon crystallization from the amorphous phase and are leading candidates for non-volatile photonic and electronic applications. In addition to the flagship Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change alloy, doped Sb2Te alloys, in particular AgInSbTe used in rewritable optical discs, have been widely investigated for decades, and nevertheless the theoretical insights on the optical properties of this important family of PCMs are scarce. Here, we carry out thorough ab initio simulations to gain an atomistic understanding of the optical properties of Sb2Te and AgInSbTe. We show that the large optical contrast between the amorphous and crystalline phase stems from the change in bond type in the parent compound Sb2Te. Ag and In impurities serve mostly the purpose of stabilization of the amorphous phase, and have marginal impact on the large variation in the dielectric function upon the phase transitions.
Additive manufactured thermal metamaterial devices for manipulating heat flow: geometric configuration design and SLM-assisted fabrication
Authors: Deng Tianxiang , Li Bo , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: May 2021

Thermal metamaterials, benefitting from ingenious design and construction of artificial structures, commonly exhibit amazing heat conduction characteristics beyond naturally occurring materials in conventional scenarios. Based on the transformation thermodynamics theory and the effective medium theory, two types of metamaterial structure devices aiming to manipulate heat flow were artificially designed and fabricated with the aid of selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology in this work. The well-designed thermal metamaterial structures respectively achieved the thermal self-focus and thermal torsion functions. The relation of the configuration geometric parameters and the heat flux changes of the thermal metamaterial devices was carefully dissected. Following the geometric optimization design, the heat transfer directions achieved to be precisely manipulated as the design wishes. The changes in both heat flux and temperature distribution on the thermal self-focus and thermal torsion devices were traced through the numerical simulation and experimental measurement methods. The thermal simulation results were highly consistent with the experimental findings of the design-intended manipulation effects on the heat flow. The research work verified the applicability of the thermal metamaterial structures fabricated with the assist of selective laser melting in the thermal engineering fields.
The Arabic Novel: New Roots, New Routes
Authors: Holt Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

In the mid-19th century, the Arabic novel emerged as a genre in Ottoman Syria and khedival Egypt. While this emergence has often been narrated as a story of the rise of nation-states and the diffusion of the European novel, the genre’s history and ongoing topography cannot be recovered without indexing the importance of Arabic storytelling and Islamic empire, ethics, and aesthetics to its roots. As the Arabic periodicals of Beirut and the Nile Valley, and soon Tunis and Baghdad, serialized and debated the rise of the novel form from the 19th century onward, historical, romantic, and translated novels found an avid readership throughout the Arab world and its diaspora. Metaphors of the garden confronted the maritime span of European empire in the 19th-century rise of the novel form in Arabic, and the novel’s path would continue to oscillate between the local and the global. British, French, Spanish, and Italian empire and direct colonial rule left a lasting imprint on the landscape of the region, and so too the investment of Cold War powers in its pipelines, oil wells, and cultural battlefields. Whether embracing socialist realism or avant-garde experimentation, the Arabic novel serves as an ongoing register of the stories that can be told in cities, villages, and nations throughout the region—from the committed novels interrogating the years of anticolonial national struggles and Arab nationalism in the 1950s and 1960s, through the ongoing history of war, surveillance, exile, occupation, and resource extraction that dictates the subsequent terrain of narration. The Arabic novel bears, too, an indelible mark left by translators of Arabic tales—from 1001 Nights to Girls of Riyadh—on the stories the region’s novelists tell.
The Booker Prize and Post-Imperial British Literature
Authors: Holmes Chris
Published: May 2021

In the particular and peculiar case of the Booker Prize, regarded as the most prestigious literary award in the United Kingdom (as measured by economic value to the author and publisher, and total audience for the awards announcement), the cultural and economic valences of literary prizes collide with the imperial history of Britain, and its after-empire relationships to its former colonies. From its beginnings, the Booker prize has never been simply a British prize for writers in the United Kingdom. The Booker’s reach into the Commonwealth of Nations, a loose cultural and economic alliance of the United Kingdom and former British colonies, challenges the very constitution of the category of post-imperial British literature. With a history of winners from India, South Africa, New Zealand, and Nigeria, among many other former British colonies, the Booker presents itself as a value arbitrating mechanism for a majority of the English-speaking world. Indeed, the Booker has maintained a reputation for bringing writers from postcolonial nations to the attention of a British audience increasingly hungry for a global, cosmopolitan literature, especially one easily available via the lingua franca of English. Whether and how the prize winners avoid the twin colonial pitfalls of ownership by and debt to an English patron is the subject of a great deal of criticism on the Booker, and to understand the prize as a gatekeeper and tastemaker for the loose, baggy canon of British or even global Anglophone literature, there must be a reckoning with the history of the prize, its multiplication into several prizes under one umbrella category, and the form and substance of the novels that have taken the prize since 1969.