bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveiller le territoire des cités d’Asie mineure aux époques hellénistique et impériale : aspects administratifs, financiers et fiscaux
Authors: BRELAZ Cedric
Published: November 2021

Drawing on the publication of a dozen of new inscriptions during the past fifteen years, the article examines the administrative, financial and fiscal implications of patrolling the countryside (phylake tes choras) in Greek cities of Asia Minor during the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial periods. Due to the lack of permanent institutions dealing with the policing of their rural territories and because of cash shortage, Hellenistic cities, and sometimes kings themselves, were forced to find various and complex solutions to set up and fund such a service. These included the granting of tax exemptions to inhabitants of rural settlements policing the countryside, the hiring under contract of private persons who would take care of patrolling in exchange for payment, or the leasing of the service by contractors who would be allowed to collect taxes in order to refund themselves. Thanks to a recently published inscription from Thessaly as well as a passage from Polyaenus’ Stratagems, the paper reassesses the provisions related to this issue included in the alliance treaty between Miletos and Herakleia and raises the question as to the extent to which guards were actually involved with tax collection. During the Imperial period, officials known as paraphylakes were appointed by cities throughout the provinces of Asia Minor to deal with public security in the countryside. Newly published evidence from various cities of Asia Minor, in particular from Phrygian Hierapolis, sheds new light on the funding of patrolling, on the economic duties of paraphylakes, as well as on the impact on rural communities of the benefactions, as well as of the abuses, of these officials. The paper argues that, although they were active in the countryside, paraphylakes were not responsible for the collection of taxes, contrary to dekaprotoi, who emerged about the same time during the first century CE. Even if Roman provincial administration relied on these two offices as far as law enforcement and tax collection at the local level were concerned, they were not created by Roman power and should rather be seen as another proof of the autonomy Greek cities enjoyed under imperial rule.
THE RESULTS OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE MEIOBENTHIC FAUNA RESEARCH IN HIGH-SULFIDE BIOTOPES OF COASTAL LAKES-LAGOONS OF THE KANDALAKSHA BAY (WHITE SEA)
Authors: Ivanova E. A. , Krasnova E. D. , Voronov D. A. , Timofeev V. A. , Gulin M. B.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of the studies of physiological state of meiofauna taken from the bottom sediments of two meromictic lakes which had different stages of geological isolation from the White Sea. It was concluded that active living benthic organisms of these high-sulfide biotopes could penetrate no deeper than the upper boundary of the hemocline. Organisms living at the depth of the upper redox-chemocline boundary (nematodes, chironomids and oligochaetes) in the lakes-lagoons of the Kandalaksha Bay (White sea) have high locomotor activity characteristics. Nematodes and rotifers were found on the lower edge of the chemocline, but they were motionless and did not show signs of active life. Therefore, they, with a high degree of probability, could be attributed to the dead component of the community. No meiobenthos was found in the anoxic zone at the bottom of the sulfide lake at a depth of 7.5 m. Finding abundant motionless benthic ciliates, belonging to the family Tintinnidae at the upper edge of the chemocline of Lake Trekhtsvetnoe does not allow researchers to make unambiguous conclusion about their physiological state. The main factor limiting the penetration of zoobenthic oxybionts into the redox zone of the studied meromictic White Sea lagoons is obviously the combined effect of deficiency of dissolved oxygen with simultaneous contamination of the aquatic environment and benthal with hydrogen sulfide. On the contrary, the positive properties of this habitat can be attributed to the high content of potential food resources (biomass of photo-and chemolithotrophic microorganisms), and, probably, the previously observed layer of the chemocline with an increased temperature. It is noteworthy that the latter phenomenon, which is observed in most of the stratified lakes-lagoons of the polar region, is most developed in the winter period.
How might we identify and measure learning progression in history?
Authors: Zarmati Louise
Published: November 2021

Learning progression is a continuum that measures advances in learning by tracking development from early learning to more sophisticated levels of mastery. Mathematics relies on an understanding of empirical knowledge and concepts in a hierarchical sequence; students need to understand (or master) one mathematical concept before they can proceed to the next. In comparison, progress of understanding in history is not necessarily hierarchical because it is based on mastery of concepts and skills rather than historical knowledge, which is geographically and temporally variable. With history, it is not necessary to progress sequentially from one concept in order to comprehend another; learning is measured by mastery of levels of complexity within each skill or understanding and mastery can be concurrent and interrelated. The essential characteristic of progression in history is that students can demonstrate an increase in their cognitive ability to think analytically and critically.
ROLE OF PANCHTIKTA KSHIRA BASTI IN MANAGEMENT OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sharma Dr Pankaj , Sharma Dr Pankaj
Published: November 2021

Avascular necrosis additionally referred to as osteo-necrosis or Ischemic bone necrosis is a
condition that occurs when there is a loss of blood supply of bone. An interruption in the
blood supply causes bone cells to die. AVN of femoral head is that the commonest sort of
necrosis affecting the bone.
In Ayurveda, It correlated with asthimajjagata vaat (musculoskeletal disorder). An effort
has been made within the present study to gauge the efficacy of panchtikta kshir basti in
conservative management of femoral head necrosis of the bone.
In Modern medicine, no any unique remedy as opposed to surgical operation is available.
English Accentuation in Terms of the Present-Day Linguoculturological Realia
Authors: Дечева С.В. , Копанева А.В.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается своеобразие лингвокультурологически обусловленной акцентуации в современном английском языке. Несмотря на значительное количество работ, посвященных явлению дополнительной слоговой и словесной выделенности, до сих пор при его изучении основной упор, как правило, делается на грамматико-синтаксические и лексико-фразеологические предпосылки его возникновения. Что же касается этических аспектов, таких как различный менталитет участников общения или же свойственные тому или иному языковому коллективу особенности оформления речи, которые также влияют на местоположение и выбор просодических средств, участвующих в реализации акцентного выделения, то они все еще остаются во многом не раскрытыми и требуют более подробного освещения. В этой связи предпринятый в данной работе анализ публичных выступлений представителей британской аристократической элиты с опорой на принципы когнитивной силлабики оказывается особенно продуктивным. Результаты когнитивной обработки нашего материала свидетельствуют о том, что успешное усвоение современной английской акцентуации и осуществление эффективного и действенного общения в глобальном англоязычном пространстве становятся возможными только при учете лингвокультурологических предпосылок акцентного выделения и последних инновационных процессов в английской культуре речи.

This article deals with the linguoculturological aspect of accentuation in modern British English. Although the phenomenon of accent is a very prolific subject both in this country and abroad, so far the effect of additional prominence in different genres of intellective communication has been studied mostly from the viewpoint of its grammatical, syntactic or lexical-phraseological antecedents. However, there is a whole range of other, no less significant, social-cultural-historical, psychological as well as ethical factors, such as the speakers’ worldview or the phonetic and linguistic outlook typical of the representatives of this or that speech community, which also play an important role in the localisation of accents and the choice of the prosodic means that make for their accentual highlighting in the flow of speech. These aspects of accentuation have not yet received all the attention they deserve and require further elaboration and interpretation in phonetic and, especially, syllabic terms. The cognitive processing of public speeches belonging to the members of the British aristocracy turns out to be highly illuminating in this respect. Our material indicates that in order to make accentuation part of our philological proficiency and optimize the process of communication in the English language as a lingua franca we need to take into account both the ethical properties of the phenomenon in question and the innovative trends in the present-day British English speaking culture.
Social and digital transformation: a source of legal problems
Authors: BARANOV O.
Published: November 2021

The nature of origin, essence, content and features of social and digital transformation are analyzed. The definition of the terms “social transformation” and “digital transformation” is substantiated in the interests of legal science. The sources and content of legal problems that may arise in the formation of legal support for social and digital transformation in modern society are clarified. Examples of such legal problems are given.
The institutional support for the creation of cyber forces in Ukraine
Authors: FYTSA V.
Published: November 2021

The issue of institutional support for the creation and functioning of cyber forces is considered. The tasks and goals of cyber forces have been defined. The best practices of foreign experience in the field of building cyber forces and cybercommand are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on current threats to the spread of cyber space militarization. The directions of the improvement of the state policy in the military sphere on the formation of cyber forces in the structure of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine have been identified.
The Moderated Mediation Role of Malaria Knowledge and Household Income in the Relationship between Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets and Malaria
Authors: Hong Tao , Mohammed Mohammed Aliye , Koricho Mideksa Adugna , Godena Gobena
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The study was premised on the notion that insecticide-treated mosquito nets are positively related to malaria prevalence, and that knowledge mediates the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria. Furthermore, household income was hypothesized to have a moderating effect on the direct and indirect relationships (through malaria knowledge) between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and the prevalence of malaria. Methods: The hypothesized relationships were examined using panel data collected from ten regions of Ethiopia during 2011-2015. Structural equation modeling and the random effect model were used to test the hypotheses. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0. Results: The results were consistent with our proposed hypotheses, showing a significant relationship between the research variables. The findings suggest that malaria knowledge contributes to improving the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria prevalence. A positively significant indirect effect (β = 0.47, p = 0.003) as well as direct effect (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) was revealed in the study. Furthermore, a positive impact of household income in strengthening the relationship between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and malaria through knowledge was reported, with a considerable value (β = 0.13, p = 0.000). The result also reveals differences in the outcome of malaria prevalence at different levels of household income category, where the indirect effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets on malaria prevalence via malaria knowledge was positive and significant for households under the second-level income category (β = 0.15, p = 0.000). Conversely, the indirect effect of insecticide-treated mosquito nets on malaria prevalence via malaria knowledge was negative for the high level-income category (β = -0.14, p = 0.022). Besides, insignificant and negative relationships were reported for households under low-level income categories (β = 0.024, p = 0.539). Conclusion: The findings are potentially useful for the health sector to ensure success in infectious disease prevention and control, particularly malaria, and to explain how various factors contribute to the relationship.
Study of the Effects of Sleep Apnea Syndrome on the Paraclinical Parameters of Balance Exploration
Authors: Garrido David Cabello , Buiret Guillaume
Published: November 2021

Aim: To evaluate the impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) on posturographic parameters. Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate whether the mean gain of the Visually Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex VVOR), the parameter most likely to be modified in case of central damage, decreased in patients diagnosed with OSAHS. The secondary objective was to verify if the other parameters of videonystagmography and posturography varied according to the presence or not of OSAHS. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of posturographic parameters of patients previously tested by polygraphy (whether or not they had OSAHS). Results: In the 66 patients included, the mean VVOR gains did not differ significantly between the "no OSAHS" vs. "OSAHS" groups (respectively 0.88 vs. 0.71, p = 0.1224). None of the other parameters measured, such as the mean caloric deficits, the mean weights of vestibular, visual and somesthetic afferents measured by posturography, the mean gains of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and the frequency of falls on the posturograph, had a statistically different distribution according to the presence or absence of OSAHS. Conclusion: We did not show any significant difference in posturographic parameters according to the presence or absence of OSAHS, in particular the absence of vestibular and/or central involvement.
Laser Challenge of China
Authors: Apollonov Victor V
Published: November 2021

Chinese President Xi Jinping, at a meeting with delegates of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) during the last session of the National People's Congress (NPC), demanded the introduction of scientific discoveries and innovative technologies in the army. Xi Jinping noted that new technologies are the key to modernizing the Armed Forces. The Chinese leader discussed with the military how to achieve the goals set in the field of national defense and army development and the implementation of the 13th five-year plan for the development of the armed forces. It is safe to say that Laser Weapons (LW) are on the agenda of China/1/
Status of Chinese Carp Fisheries in Tunisian Freshwater Reservoirs: Threats and Opportunities
Authors: Mili Sami , Ennouri Rim , Fatnassi Manel , Chargui Tahani , Zarrouk Hajer , Laouar Houcine
Published: November 2021

The current paper aims to diagnose the state of fisheries of three Chinese carp species whish have been introduced in Tunisian reservoirs since 1981: (silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, herbivorous carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis) and seeks to study the benefits and risks associated with their introduction. Chinese carps cannot reproduce naturally in freshwater reservoirs. Eventually, artificial breeding operations and seeding of the dams with farm-produced fry are carried out by the Technical Centre of Aquaculture every year. Statistical analyses have shown a strong correlation between the landed quantity and the number of fries stocked each year. The impact assessment showed that the risks and benefits associated with the introduction of the three species are variable. Regarding their benefits, it was clear that the herbivorous carp has provided effective and sustainable control of the extensive development of aquatic vegetation in the eutrophic reservoirs and canal systems. The value of the other two species, though, remains less obvious, particularly for the bighead carp. The consequences of their introduction on ecosystems and native species seem to be negligible, especially when the densities are low. Eventually, it seems judicious to increase the stocking of the herbivorous carp, silver carp and bighead carp in Tunisian reservoirs.
The State of Cervical Cancer Screening and HPV Vaccination in Africa: In the Advent of Advanced Health Care
Authors: Drokow Emmanuel Kwateng , Effah Clement Yaw , Agboyibor Clement , Akpabla Gloria Selorm , Sun Kai
Published: November 2021

Cervical cancer if not detected and treated promptly can be lethal to females. In several advanced nations, the relevance of coordinated screening services has been implemented. Nevertheless, most developing nations have not implemented a nationwide screening and vaccination programme accessible to all women owing to inadequate screening and vaccination services coupled with vaccine scepticism, misconception concerning vaccination, and lack of awareness are causing an upsurge in Africa's cervical cancer cases. Cervical cancer could be greatly reduced if comprehensive screening services and HPV vaccination are implemented. In this review, we discussed the cervical cancer incidence in Africa, factors influencing the high rate of cervical cancer in Africa, screening and HPV vaccination programs and the potential intervention and recommendations to reduce the incident and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Africa. Also, we highlighted the disadvantages and advantages of widely accessible screening tests in Africa.
Antimicrobial Spectrum, Growth/Killing Kinetics, Conventional/Molecular Assay of Characterizing Non-Leguminous Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi from Helianthus annuus, Carica papaya and Lycoperesicum solanum
Authors: OT Osuntokun , VO Azuh , BF Adejoro , EO Akele
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to comparative study between conventional and molecular assay of isolation, identification and characterization of non-leguminous endophytic bacteria and fungi in the leguminous root samples. The plant root samples, Helianthus annuus, Carica papaya and Lycoperesicum solanum (Sunflower root and stem, pawpaw root and stem, and tomato root and stem from Adekunle Ajasin University School farm, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. The isolation of endophytic bacteria were performed using the conventional method of isolation (biochemical test) and characterization were done using both the conventional and molecular method of bacteria characterization. The antibiotic susceptibility test (Antibiogram) was observed using disc diffusion. The four bacteria identified were Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter sp. Actnomycoses sp. and Aeromonas sp. for conventional method and Fusarium solani, Fusarium vortecelium and Bacillus thuringiensis for molecular method as confirmatory point of view. In this study, all isolated organisms tends to be Gram positive using the gram staining technique. Antibiogram shows the zones of inhibition with diameter ranging from 0-20 mm, Enterobacter sp. were more sensitive to the various antibiotics used. Ultraviolet spectrophotometer was also used to determine the growth dynamic as well as the death rate of the isolates, the addition of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) to the isolates at the 24th hour speed up the death rate of the isolates from non-leguminous endophytic bacteria. After the preliminary identification of the bacteria isolates and the confirmatory identification of both bacteria and fungi isolates of the non-leguminous endophytic microorganism, it was noted that the preliminary identification was only able to achieve the genus level of taxonomic characterization, While the molecular method confirm the molecular sub level identification of isolates depletes the absolute taxonomic identification and characterization to the sub-species level. The results of this study validates the use of molecular sequencing for the assay identification and characterization of non-leguminous endophytic bacteria and fungi as the easy and best mode of identification of both bacteria and fungi isolates as a veritable tools for research purposes.
Integrative Review Verification of the Influence of Atrazine Exposure on Behavioral, Neurochemical and Parkinsons Disease Disorders
Authors: Pantaleon Lorena , Fukushima Andre Rinaldi , de Paula Leonardo Ribeiro , Ribeiro Guilherme Mendes , do Prado Pacca Beatriz , Pena Munoz Juliana Weckx , de Souza Spinosa Helenice , Ricci Esther Lopes
Published: November 2021

Herbicides represent the largest portion of pesticides used both worldwide and in Brazil. Many of these compounds are applied on a large scale in native forests and in urban and industrial water environments, including atrazine. Due to its low cost, ability to remain active in the soil for long periods and potential effect on weed removal, atrazine ranks 5th in the ranking of most used pesticide in Brazil. Although the use of pesticides increases agricultural production, their intensive use can often cause negative effects on fauna and flora. Studies have shown that exposure to atrazine can cause various harmful effects in mammals, of both sexes, such as structural, neuroendocrine and/or behavioral changes. Considering the seriousness of the situation and the possible toxicological and pathological implications that atrazine can generate in the animal organism, the objective of this work was to carry out an integrative literature review in order to verify the scientific panorama on issues related to atrazine exposure and its impacts, mainly with regard to its toxicity on the central nervous system. To carry out this article, a bibliographic survey of scientific material obtained in the following databases was carried out: US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS), Science Direct and Google® Academic, in the last 25 years. The MeSH Terms used in the search were: “Parkinson's disease”, “atrazine”, “herbicide” and “endocrine disruptor”. The following were found in the Science Direct indexers: 115 records, PubMed 52 records, in LILACS no articles were found, and 1330 records were found in Google® Academic.
How the Chaos Theory is Defeated in the Yabu Meteorological Station, Cuba
Authors: Rodriguez Ricardo Oses , Llanes Claudia Oses , Duarte Rigoberto Fimia
Published: November 2021

In this work, 8 weather variables were modeled at the Yabu meteorological station, Cuba, a daily database from the Yabu meteorological station, Cuba, of extreme temperatures, extreme humidity and their average value, precipitation, was used. The force of the wind and the cloudiness corresponding to the period from 1977 to 2021, a linear mathematical model is obtained through the methodology of Regressive Objective Regression (ROR) for each variable that explains their behavior, depending on these 15, 13, 10 and 8 years in advance. It is concluded that these models allow the long-term forecast of the weather, opening a new possibility for the forecast, concluding that the chaos in time can be overcome if this way of predicting is used, the calculation of the mean error regarding the forecast of persistence in temperatures, wind force and cloud cover, while the persistence model is better in humidity, this allows to have valuable information in the long term of the weather in a locality, which results in a better decision making in the different aspects of the economy and society that are impacted by the weather forecast. It is the first time that an ROR model has been applied to the weather forecast processes for a specific day 8, 10, 13 and 15 years in advance.
The Project STARS (Strategic Action Towards Radiant Students): Empowering ABM Students Amidst Pandemic
Authors: Lumanta Glenda V.
Published: November 2021

This study sought to empower ABM students of Canda NHS which covered from January - June 2021 with the use of different plaforms such as messenger, google and limited face to face. This qualitative study utilized a descriptive-evaluative design. A research population of thirteen (13) and twenty-eight (28) with the total of forty-one (41) served as the respondents. Findings of the study revealed that the Project STARS (Strategic Action towards Radiant Students) is a great help project to empower students amidst pandemic. The ten (10) activities strategic action plan of the project must be consistently conduct yearly because it increase awareness, leadership as well as empowering students. With different programs and activities of the project, ABM students are able to lead, make decision, preparation of assigned functions and organize activities. No signal or internet connection and lack of budget are some of the major problems why only 80% attained participation of ABM students and all activities of the project via different online plaforms are very important and need to add Bookkeeping webinar. Further, the researcher recommended that Project STARS (Strategic Action towards Radiant Students) must be consistently doing yearly, enhance activities, and strengthening partnership and make school wide with the different programs such as capacity development program, barkada kontra droga program and solid waste management program since it had a great impact to ABM students.
Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Reactions on The Peristalsis of Bingham Fluid with Variable Fluid Properties Through a Porous Channel
Authors: H. Balachandra  , Choudhari Rajashekhar  , Hanumesh Vaidya  , Fateh Mebarek Oudina  , Gudekote Manjunatha  , Kerehalli Vinayaka Prasad  , Prathiksha
Published: November 2021

The exploration addresses the effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on the peristaltic mechanism of Bingham fluid. A two-dimensional non-uniform porous channel is considered for the fluid flow, which is assumed to be inclined. The impact of heat, slip conditions, wall properties, homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions are examined. The resulting nonlinear differential equations are solved by employing the perturbation method. The solutions acquired are analyzed and sketched through graphs that show that the variable viscosity renders a critical role in regulating the velocity of the fluid in the channel's central part. The stream function has been analyzed to observe the trapping phenomenon. Further, the obtained results find its application in understanding the flow of blood in micro arteries.
Application of Piracetam Electrophoresis in Complex Sanatorium-Resort Treatment of Girls with Amenorrhea
Authors: Garmash Olga I. , Kosolapova Natalya V. , Gavrilova Olga F.
Published: November 2021

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of the piracetam electrophoresis application in the complex sanatoriumresorttreatment of girls with amenorrhea.
Material and methods. 56 girls aged 12 to 17 years were under observation, who were treated in the gynecological department ofthe children’s clinical sanatorium “Zdravnitsa”. Primary amenorrhea was recorded in 15 girls, secondary amenorrhea in 41. Long-termresults of sanatorium-resort treatment were studied in 8 girls with secondary amenorrhea. The control group consisted of 20 healthygirls, comparable in age, who underwent hormonal studies.
Results. Upon admission to the sanatorium, the main complaint of all girls was the absence of menstruation, many had chronicinflammatory pathology of the ENT organs and pathology of the musculoskeletal system. There was a decrease in ovarian steroidogenesis,while hypoestrogenism was observed in the majority of patients. Girls with amenorrhea are characterized by a high levelof vertigo, an average level of anxiety, fatigue and a fairly low level of irritability. After the sanatorium-resort treatment, an improvementin the general condition of the girls was noted; during their stay in the sanatorium, menstruation was observed in 4 girls withsecondary amenorrhea. After the treatment, a significant positive dynamics of steroid and peptide hormones was revealed in girlswith primary and secondary amenorrhea. In girls with secondary amenorrhea, the ratio of LH/FSH approached the physiological one,but remained significantly higher than normal indicators. Under the influence of sanatorium-resort treatment, the level of adrenalinein the urine normalized in all girls with primary amenorrhea, and in the majority with secondary amenorrhea. There was a positivedynamics of the girls’ psycho-emotional state. According to the long-term results data of sanatorium-resort treatment, the restorationof menstrual function was observed within a year in half of the girls with secondary amenorrhea.
Conclusion. The use of the 5% piracetam solution electrophoresis in a complex sanatorium-resort treatment of girls with amenorrheaimproved the general health of girls, normalized hormonal levels and restored menstrual function in half of the girls with secondaryamenorrhea within a year after a course of treatment in the sanatorium.
RELATIONSHIP MARKETING IN CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF COMMERCIAL GALLERIES IN TIMES OF COVID-19
Authors: Cano Luz , Castro Djanira , Vicente-Ramos Wagner
Published: November 2021

The main objective of the study is to determine the level of dependence between relationship marketing and the level of customer loyalty to the brand. The study was conducted through a quantitative approach using the CAWI method. Relationships were determined by several factors. The loyalty factors are: Differentiation, Personalization, Satisfaction, Loyalty, usually. The relationship marketing indicators are: Trust, Commitment, Customer Satisfaction, Intention to renew the relationship. The survey results were processed using statistical methods. In particular, internal consistency checks performed on the questionnaire with questions to use Cronbach’s alpha. The use of such criteria allows to draw conclusions about the high level of consistency. The coefficient of determination was used for statistical verification of dependence. The results of the calculations confirmed a high level of dependence. Dependence was also confirmed by calculating p-values with a high level of probability. Conclusions were drawn according to the results of the empirical investigation.
New Horizons Detection of the Local Galactic Lyman-α Background
Authors: Gladstone G. Randall , Pryor Wayne R. , Hall Doyle T. , Kammer Joshua A. , Strobel Darrell F. , Weaver Harold A. , Spencer John R. , Retherford Kurt D. , Versteeg Maarten H. , Davis Michael W. , Young Leslie A. , Steffl Andrew J. , Parker Joel Wm. , Lisse Carey M. , Singer Kelsi N. , Stern S. Alan
Published: November 2021

Since 2007 the Alice spectrograph on the New Horizons (NH) spacecraft has been used to periodically observe the Lyman-α (Lyα) emissions of the interplanetary medium (IPM), which mostly result from resonant scattering of solar Lyα emissions by interstellar hydrogen atoms passing through the solar system. Three observations of IPM Lyα along a single great circle were made during the NH cruise to Pluto, and these have been supplemented by observations along six great circles (spread over the sky at 30° intervals), acquired one month before and one day after the NH flyby of Pluto, and on a further five occasions since then, out to just over 47 au from the Sun. These data indicate a distant Lyα background of 43 ± 3 Rayleigh brightness (equivalent to 56 ± 4 nW m−2 sr−1), which is present in all directions (i.e., not only in the upstream direction, as previously reported). This result is found independently by: (1) the falloff with distance from the Sun of the IPM Lyα brightness observed by NH–Alice in several directions on the sky, and (2) the residual between the observed brightness and a model brightness accounting for the resonantly scattered solar Lyα component alone. The repeated observations show that this distant Lyα background is constant and uniform over the sky, and represents the local Galactic Lyα background. The observations show no strong correlation with the cloud structure of the local IPM. The observed brightness constrains the absorption coefficient of interstellar dust at Lyα to 0.2 ± 0.01 kpc−1.
Investigating the Physical Properties and Fragmentation of the AFGL 333-Ridge
Authors: Liang Xiaolian , Xu Jin-Long , Wang Jun-Jie
Published: November 2021

We present multiwavelength data to investigate the physical properties and fragmentation of AFGL 333-Ridge. A statistical analysis of velocity dispersion indicates that turbulence is the dominant motion in the ridge. However, the linear mass density (1124.0 M
⊙/pc) of AFGL 333-Ridge far exceeds its critical value of 406.5 M
⊙/pc, suggesting that additional motions are required to prevent the filament radial collapse. Using the getsources algorithm, we identified 14 cores from the Herschel maps, including two protostellar cores and 12 starless cores. All of these starless cores are gravitationally bound, and are therefore considered to be prestellar cores. Based on their radius-mass relation, 11 of 14 cores have the potential to form massive stars. Moreover, the seven cores in two subfilaments of AFGL 333-Ridge seem to constitute two necklace-like chains with a spacing length of 0.51 and 0.45 pc, respectively. Compared the spacing length with theoretical prediction lengths by Jeans and cylindrical fragmentations, we argued that the combination of turbulence and thermal pressure may lead to the fragmentation of the two subfilaments into the cores.
Disentangling the Physical Origin of Emission Line Ratio Offsets at High Redshift with Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Hirtenstein Jessie , Jones Tucker , Sanders Ryan L. , Martin Crystal L. , Cooper M. C. , Brammer Gabriel , Treu Tommaso , Schmidt Kasper , Shapley Alice
Published: November 2021

We present spatially resolved Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy of 15 galaxies at z ∼ 0.8 drawn from the DEEP2 survey. We analyze Hα+[N ii], [S ii], and [S iii] emission on kiloparsec scales to explore which mechanisms are powering emission lines at high redshifts, testing which processes may be responsible for the well-known offset of high-redshift galaxies from the z ∼ 0 locus in the [O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα Baldwin—Phillips—Terlevich (BPT) excitation diagram. We study spatially resolved emission-line maps to examine evidence for active galactic nuclei (AGN), shocks, diffuse ionized gas (DIG), or escaping ionizing radiation, all of which may contribute to the BPT offsets observed in our sample. We do not find significant evidence of AGN in our sample and quantify that, on average, AGN would need to contribute ∼25% of the Hα flux in the central resolution element in order to cause the observed BPT offsets. We find weak (2σ) evidence of DIG emission at low surface brightnesses, yielding an implied total DIG emission fraction of ∼20%, which is not significant enough to be the dominant emission line driver in our sample. In general we find that the observed emission is dominated by star-forming H ii regions. We discuss trends with demographic properties and the possible role of α-enhanced abundance patterns in the emission spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Our results indicate that photoionization modeling with stellar population synthesis inputs is a valid tool to explore the specific star formation properties which may cause BPT offsets, to be explored in future work.
Improved Measurements of Molecular Cloud Distances Based on Global Search
Authors: Yan Qing-Zeng , Yang Ji , Su Yang , Sun Yan , Xu Ye , Wang Hongchi , Zhou Xin , Wang Chen
Published: November 2021

The principle of the background-eliminated extinction-parallax (BEEP) method is examining the extinction difference between on- and off-cloud regions to reveal the extinction jump caused by molecular clouds, thereby revealing the distance in complex dust environments. The BEEP method requires high-quality images of molecular clouds and high-precision stellar parallaxes and extinction data, which can be provided by the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) CO survey and the Gaia DR2 catalog, as well as supplementary A

V
extinction data. In this work, the BEEP method is further improved (BEEP-II) to measure molecular cloud distances in a global search manner. Applying the BEEP-II method to three regions mapped by the MWISP CO survey, we collectively measured 238 distances for 234 molecular clouds. Compared with previous BEEP results, the BEEP-II method measures distances efficiently, particularly for those molecular clouds with large angular size or in complicated environments, making it suitable for distance measurements of molecular clouds in large samples.
Discovery of a 310 Day Period from the Enshrouded Massive System NaSt1 (WR 122)
Authors: Lau Ryan M. , Tinyanont Samaporn , Hankins Matthew J. , Ashley Michael C. B. , De Kishalay , Filippenko Alexei V. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Mauerhan Jon C. , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Moore Anna M. , Smith Nathan , Soon Jamie , Soria Roberto , Travouillon Tony , van der Hucht Karel A. , Williams Peredur M. , Zheng WeiKang
Published: November 2021

We present optical and infrared (IR) light curves of NaSt1, also known as Wolf–Rayet 122, with observations from Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR), the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System, and the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN). We identify a P = 309.7 ± 0.7 day photometric period from the optical and IR light curves that reveal periodic, sinusoidal variability between 2014 July and 2021 July. We also present historical IR light curves taken between 1983 July and 1989 May, which show variability consistent with the period of the present-day light curves. In the past, NaSt1 was brighter in the J band with larger variability amplitudes than the present-day PGIR values, suggesting that NaSt1 exhibits variability on longer (≳decade) timescales. Sinusoidal fits to the recent optical and IR light curves show that the amplitude of NaSt1's variability differs at various wavelengths and also reveal significant phase offsets of 17.0 ± 2.5 day between the ZTF r and PGIR J light curves. We interpret the 310 day photometric period from NaSt1 as the orbital period of an enshrouded massive binary. We suggest that the photometric variability of NaSt1 may arise from variations in the line-of-sight optical depth toward circumstellar optical/IR-emitting regions throughout its orbit due to colliding-wind dust formation. We speculate that past mass transfer in NaSt1 may have been triggered by Roche-lobe overflow (RLOF) during an eruptive phase of an Ofpe/WN9 star. Lastly, we argue that NaSt1 is no longer undergoing RLOF mass transfer.
Steep Cosmic-Ray Spectra with Revised Diffusive Shock Acceleration
Authors: Diesing Rebecca , Caprioli Damiano
Published: November 2021

Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), an efficient acceleration mechanism that predicts power-law energy distributions of CRs. However, observations of nonthermal SNR emission imply CR energy distributions that are generally steeper than E
−2, the standard DSA prediction. Recent results from kinetic hybrid simulations suggest that such steep spectra may arise from the drift of magnetic structures with respect to the thermal plasma downstream of the shock. Using a semi-analytic model of nonlinear DSA, we investigate the implications that these results have on the phenomenology of a wide range of SNRs. By accounting for the motion of magnetic structures in the downstream, we produce CR energy distributions that are substantially steeper than E
−2 and consistent with observations. Our formalism reproduces both modestly steep spectra of Galactic SNRs (∝E
−2.2) and the very steep spectra of young radio supernovae (∝E
−3).
Star Formation Regulation and Self-pollution by Stellar Wind Feedback
Authors: Lancaster Lachlan , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Jeong-Gyu , Kim Chang-Goo
Published: November 2021

Stellar winds contain enough energy to easily disrupt the parent cloud surrounding a nascent star cluster, and for this reason they have long been considered candidates for regulating star formation. However, direct observations suggest most wind power is lost, and Lancaster et al. recently proposed that this is due to efficient mixing and cooling processes. Here we simulate star formation with wind feedback in turbulent, self-gravitating clouds, extending our previous work. Our simulations cover clouds with an initial surface density of 102–104
M
⊙ pc−2 and show that star formation and residual gas dispersal are complete within two to eight initial cloud freefall times. The “efficiently cooled” model for stellar wind bubble evolution predicts that enough energy is lost for the bubbles to become momentum-driven; we find that this is satisfied in our simulations. We also find that wind energy losses from turbulent, radiative mixing layers dominate losses by “cloud leakage” over the timescales relevant for star formation. We show that the net star formation efficiency (SFE) in our simulations can be explained by theories that apply wind momentum to disperse cloud gas, allowing for highly inhomogeneous internal cloud structure. For very dense clouds, the SFE is similar to those observed in extreme star-forming environments. Finally, we find that, while self-pollution by wind material is insignificant in cloud conditions with moderate density (only ≲10−4 of the stellar mass originated in winds), our simulations with conditions more typical of a super star cluster have star particles that form with as much as 1% of their mass in wind material.
Invasive hornets on the road: motorway-driven dispersal must be considered in management plans of Vespa velutina
Authors: Verdasca Maria João , Rebelo Hugo , Carvalheiro Luísa G. , Rebelo Rui
Published: November 2021

Understanding the mechanisms that potentiate the dispersion of an invasive species is essential to anticipate its arrival into new regions and to develop adequate management actions to minimize damage to biodiversity and society. One of the most successful invaders in Europe, the yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina), is dispersing through self-diffusion and jump dispersal. Using information on species occurrence in Portugal from 2013 to 2018, this study aimed to understand the range expansion trajectory of V. velutina and to identify the role of climate, landscape and anthropogenic variables on the two mechanisms of spread. We found that in Portugal the invasion is proceeding faster southwards (45 km/year) along the Atlantic coast than eastwards (20 km/year) where the climatic suitability gradient is more compressed, with jump dispersal playing an important role in this difference and in the acceleration of the invasion process. Dispersal by diffusion was best explained by the annual range of temperature and precipitation of the wettest month, with distance to shrub land also having an important role. Additionally, jump dispersal appeared to be facilitated by motorways, hinting at the role of human-mediated dispersal. Indeed, the number of nests that resulted from this dispersive mechanism were significantly closer to motorways than expected by chance. To prevent the dispersal of V. velutina into Mediterranean regions, and in addition to a special attention to the advancing front, early monitoring programs should also target a buffer zone on both sides of motorways, and at freight shipping hubs.
High Systemic Type I Interferon Activity Is Associated With Active Class III/IV Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Iwamoto Taro , Dorschner Jessica M. , Selvaraj Shanmugapriya , Mezzano Valeria , Jensen Mark A. , Vsetecka Danielle , Amin Shreyasee , Makol Ashima , Osborn Thomas , Moder Kevin , Chowdhary Vaidehi R. , Izmirly Peter , Belmont H. Michael , Clancy Robert M. , Buyon Jill P. , Wu Ming , Loomis Cynthia A. , Niewold Timothy B.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Previous studies suggest a link between high serum type I interferon (IFN) and lupus nephritis (LN). We determined whether serum IFN activity is associated with subtypes of LN and studied renal tissues and cells to understand the effect of IFN in LN.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied. Serum IFN activity was measured by WISH bioassay. mRNA in situ hybridization was used in renal tissue to measure expression of the representative IFN-induced gene, IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats-1 (IFIT1), and the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) marker gene C-type lectin domain family-4 member C (CLEC4C). Podocyte cell line gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.

Results

Class III/IV LN prevalence was significantly increased in patients with high serum IFN compared with those with low IFN (odds ratio 5.40, P = 0.009). In multivariate regression models, type I IFN was a stronger predictor of class III/IV LN than complement C3 or anti-dsDNA antibody, and could account for the association of these variables with LN. IFIT1 expression was increased in all classes of LN, but most in the glomerular areas of active class III/IV LN kidneys. IFIT1 expression was not closely colocalized with pDCs. IFN directly activated podocyte cell lines to induce chemokines and proapoptotic molecules.

Conclusion

Systemic high IFN is involved in the pathogenesis of severe LN. We did not find colocalization of pDCs with IFN signature in renal tissue, and instead observed the greatest intensity of the IFN signature in glomerular areas, which could suggest a blood source of IFN.
Exploring Family Planning, Parenting, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Experiences of Men With Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Stransky Olivia , Hunt Nicole , Richards John Steuart , Talabi Mehret Birru
Published: November 2021

Objective

To explore family planning, parenting, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care needs and experiences of men with rheumatic diseases.

Methods

Men aged 18–45 years who were diagnosed with at least 1 rheumatic disease and used at least 1 antirheumatic drug were recruited from rheumatology clinics. Research coordinators engaged participants in semistructured phone interviews. A codebook was developed based on the interview transcripts and used to conduct an inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Participants ranged in age from 22 to 44 years (n = 20). Most were heterosexual and had at least 1 child. The most common disease diagnoses were spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Men had family planning concerns, particularly related to the heritability of their diseases, their fertility, and potential effects of their medications on their offspring’s health. (2) Men felt that fatigue, disability, and/or pain from their diseases either impaired or would impair their abilities to parent. (3) Men often did not discuss sexual dysfunction with their rheumatologists, even when they believed that it arose from their diseases or antirheumatic drugs. (4) Men rarely discussed any family planning, parenting, or SRH issues with their rheumatologists; gender discordance with rheumatologists did not affect men’s comfort in discussing these issues.

Conclusion

Men expressed concerns related to family planning, parenting, and SRH, which they rarely discussed with their rheumatologists. Our study suggests that some men’s SRH information needs are incompletely addressed in the rheumatology clinical setting.