bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations of wear resistance of composite coatings (cobalt alloy-WC) produced by the LENS method
Authors: Klimek Joanna , Dworecka-Wójcik Julita , Durejko Tomasz , Zasada Dariusz
Published: October 2020

Metallic coatings strengthened by the reinforcing phase are among the widely used wear-resistant materials. The work attempted to produce composite coatings in the metallic matrix system (cobalt alloy) – reinforcing phase (tungsten carbide) fabricated by the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) technique. The obtained coatings were assessed by metallurgical quality (microscopic observations), microhardness test in coating-substrate transition zone and tests of abrasive wear resistance under dry friction conditions. For this purpose, two different test methods were used: the ball-on-disc method and the rubber wheel abrasion test method. For each method, the same test parameters were used, such as force and number of disc/ roller rotations. The conducted tests showed that the weight loss of the coatings subjected to wear resistance tests in loose abrasive was much greater compared to the ball-on-disc method.
Tobacco-free Workplace Program at a Substance Use Treatment Center
Authors: Le Kathy , Correa-Fernández Virmarie , Leal Isabel Martinez , Kyburz Bryce , Chen Tzu-An , Barrientos Daniel , Saenz Elma , Williams Teresa , O'Connor Daniel P. , Obasi Ezemenari M. , Casey Kathleen , Reitzel Lorraine R.
Published: October 2020

Objectives: About 65%-87% of substance use disorder patients smoke cigarettes, compared to 14% of the general adult population. Few substance use treatment centers (SUTCs) have comprehensive tobacco-free workplace (TFW) policies or offer tobacco interventions. Taking Texas Tobacco
Free (TTTF) implements an evidence-based TFW program in SUTCs, including at the Billy T. Cattan Recovery Outreach Center (BTC). We present a mixed methods case study of BTC's TTTF implementation, success factors, and challenges. Methods: TTTF provided policy development assistance,
training, treatment resources, and technical assistance over ∼9 months. Implementation was tailored using mixed methods. Quantitative data included surveys to stakeholders (Nmax = 7), a pre- and post-training questionnaire assessing knowledge gain, and reported quantities of
tobacco use assessments (TUAs) administered and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) provided. Qualitative data included stakeholder focus groups and interviews (18 participants). Results: All employees reported TFW policy compliance. Employees exhibited a 20% knowledge gain. Clinicians
increased self-report of NRT provision and tobacco cessation counseling. During implementation, BTC administered TUAs to 171 patients and dispensed NRT to 70 of 110 tobacco-using patients. Conclusion: Qualitative findings contextualized quantitative outcomes. TTTF implementation changed
clinician attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding tobacco treatment, facilitating patient quit attempts.
Selected methods of studying a college’s image
Authors: Kowalska-Jarnot Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Positive image and reputation building are important strategies in developing the permanent recognition of a college in the education market. Although it seems challenging to measure image and reputation, they are an important opportunity to gain a competitive advantage due to the fact that they are unique, hard to imitate and increase a college’s chances of attracting more students. Image management requires systematic marketing research. This article is the author’s proposition for a set of image research methods that can be used by colleges.
Performance of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan. L) Varieties under Different Spacings During Rabi Season
Authors: Reddy K. Indudha , Ramanjaneyulu A. V. , Kumar M. V. Nagesh , Kumar C. V. Sameer , Ramana M. Venkata
Published: October 2020

An experiment was conducted with the objective of ascertaining the feasibility of cultivation of pigeonpea during rabi season in the alfisols of Southern Telangana Zone. Further, it was designed to understand the performance of pigeonpea genotypes at various plant densities and also the economics of pigeonpea cultivation during rabi season. It consisted of 12 treatments with four plant densities in main plots and three genotypes in sub plots in split plot design. The pooled data of 2015-16 and 2016-17 revealed that significantly higher seed yield (1532 kg ha-1) was recorded at plant density of 60 cm × 10 cm spacing than at 45cm × 10cm (1332 kg/ha), 75 cm × 10 cm (1321 kg/ha) and 90 cm × 10 cm (1141 kg/ha). Among the genotypes, the seed yield in PRG-158 (1547 kg/ha) and Asha (ICPL 87119) (1591 kg/ha) was on par with each other but significantly higher than in PRG-176 (857 kg/ha). The higher gross returns (Rs. 77366 ha-1), net returns (Rs.46733 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.53) was recorded at plant density of 60 cm × 10 cm spacing than at other tested plant densities (45 cm × 10 cm, 75 cm × 10 cm and 90 cm × 10 cm). Among the genotypes, Asha (ICPL 87119) registered highest gross returns (Rs. 80346 ha-1), net returns (Rs.49711 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.62) followed by PRG-158 (gross returns of Rs. 78124ha-1, net returns of Rs.47489 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 2.55) and PRG-176 (gross returns of Rs. 43279ha-1, net returns of Rs.13144 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44). Thus, the spacing of 60 cm × 10 cm is recommended for the cultivation of pigeonpea during rabi season in alfisols of Southern Telangana Zone with long duration varieties like PRG-158 and Asha (ICPL-87119).
Fractal Properties of Pore Distribution of Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane
Authors: Yu Bai Chun- , Ying Chen , Yong Liu , Yi Shi Luo- , Dong Chen Ru-
Published: October 2020

Due to the complex and chaotic characteristics of elecrtospun nanofiber membrane, fractal theory is a suitable mathematical framework. Using the fractal theory, Matlab and other computer software in Mathematics, the fractal properties of pore distribution of elecrtospun nanofiber membrane and the relationship between the fractal dimension and the physical properties of nonwovens are studied. Thirty samples were produced by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)on the DXES-01 automatic electrostatic spinning machine; BMP images of 30 samples were obtained by TM-1000 table scanning electron microscope; The scanning electron micro-scope images were grayed by digital image processing technology, and the average pore width of the samples was further calculated by Matlab software from the gray value matrix; G-P algorithm is used to calculate the fractal dimension of pore width distribution; The relationship between air flow resistance and the fractal dimension of pore width distribution of electrospun nanofiber membrane was analyzed. Finally, the correlation fractal dimension of the average pore width of electrospun nanofiber membrane has a quadratic function relation with the air flow resistance; The correlation fractal dimension of the average pore width obtained is consistent with the fractal dimension of porosity obtained by Ting Wang under the meaning of the relative error less than 10%is the same.
The Content, Purification Degree, and Molecular Weight of Inulin of Natural Dangshen Roots (Codonopsis javanica) in Highland Lam Vien, Vietnam
Authors: Long Nguyen Thi Thang , Boi Vu Ngoc , Cuong Dang Xuan
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Inulins are a group of natural active polysaccharides found in ginseng and dangshen and mainly used in pharmaceutical preparations and functional food. The purification condition of inulin from dangshen grown in Vietnam did not occur in previous studies. Hence, the study presented on the content, purification degree, molecular weight, and functional group characteristics of inulin extracted from natural dangshen roots (Codonopsis javanica) in other purification conditions.

Methods: Some factors survey impact purification conditions of inulin, for example, the kinds and the concentration of the solvent, the temperature and the times of the precipitation, and the active coal impact. The objects such as the content of inulin, fructan, and crude polysaccharide, purification degree of inulin, and fructan were analyzed. Molecular weight and functional group characteristics of purification inulin extracted from dangshen roots (Codonopsis javanica) grown in highland Lam Vien, Vietnam, were also analyzed.

Results: The purification degree of inulin purified by using ethanol was higher than that using active coal, corresponding to 97.85a ± 0.84 % and 94.05 %, respectively. Inulin content was the large ratio in crude polysaccharide, exhibited via FTIR and the analysis results. Inulin and fructan were the most precipitated in ethanol, for example, 80 % and 90 % ethanol, respectively, compared to another solvent. The kinds and the concentration of the solvent, the temperature and the precipitation times, and active coal impacted the content and the purification degree of inulin and fructan (p < 0.05). The precipitation of inulin and fructan in ethanol solvent was affected by the temperature. The molecular weight of inulin and fructan corresponded to 3,193 Da and 1,112,892 Da, respectively.

Conclusion: Inulin of natural dangshen roots in Lam Vien highland, Vietnam was useful for functional foods and pharmaceutics.
Dialogando com e sobre o rural através das novas mídias: estratégias e desafios de comunicação
Authors: Magalhães Lopes Cerqueira Juliana Maria , Dantas Vieira Denes
Published: October 2020

Este artigo analisa as estratégias de comunicação relacionadas às mídias digitais do Instituto Regional da Pequena Agropecuária Apropriada (IRPAA) e da Companhia de Desenvolvimento e Ação Regional (CAR), instituições que atuam no Território de Identidade do Sertão do São Francisco – Bahia. Como instrumentos metodológicos para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados a entrevista e a análise documental. O estudo aponta que as mídias digitais despontam enquanto uma realidade nova, repleta de desafios, para os profissionais de comunicação. Em relação às estratégias utilizadas, a produção de conteúdo para as redes sociais online emerge como prioridade, tendo como foco a linguagem visual.
Cultura y sindicatos durante el primer peronismo
Authors: Leonardi Yanina Andrea
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo se propone estudiar la planificación cultural llevada a cabo por la Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT) durante el primer peronismo. Esta entidad fue quien articuló los lineamientos oficiales en materia cultural, ideando un plan que promovía la formación y modernización del movimiento obrero. Por estos años, la CGT en tanto entidad mediadora entre el Estado y los trabajadores postuló en su proyecto cultural a la educación, el esparcimiento y la capacitación como sus núcleos centrales, complementando así el objetivo de la inserción social propuesto por la planificación nacional. El estudio se centra en las actividades, prácticas y formaciones que lo integraban, a la vez que en el personal técnico interviniente en su ejecución.
Por uma reinvenção dos “bairros criativos”: a cena cultural do Santo Antônio Além do Carmo
Authors: Vieira Mariella Pitombo
Published: October 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir em que medida expressões culturais marginais a um sistema institucionalizado de produção cultural jogam um papel deflagrador de dinâmicas culturais de determinados territórios, contribuindo igualmente para sua valorização cultural, econômica e urbana. Para tanto, utiliza o arcabouço teórico-metodológico ancorado no conceito de cena cultural para deslindar a dinâmica cultural do bairro do Santo Antônio Além do Carmo (Salvador-Bahia), mediante a análise das práticas do coletivo cultural “De Hoje a 8”, um dos principais atores sociais que dão vida ao carnaval do bairro.
How chromosome topologies get their shape: views from proximity ligation and microscopy methods
Authors: Huang Yike , Neijts Roel , de Laat Wouter
Published: October 2020

The 3D organization of our genome is an important determinant for the transcriptional output of a gene in (patho)physiological contexts. The spatial organization of linear chromosomes within nucleus is dominantly inferred using two distinct approaches, chromosome conformation capture (3C) and DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (DNA–FISH). While 3C and its derivatives score genomic interaction frequencies based on proximity ligation events, DNA–FISH methods measure physical distances between genomic loci. Despite these approaches probe different characteristics of chromosomal topologies, they provide a coherent picture of how chromosomes are organized in higher‐order structures encompassing chromosome territories, compartments, and topologically associating domains. Yet, at the finer topological level of promoter–enhancer communication, the imaging‐centered and the 3C methods give more divergent and sometimes seemingly paradoxical results. Here, we compare and contrast observations made applying visual DNA–FISH and molecular 3C approaches. We emphasize that the 3C approach, due to its inherently competitive ligation step, measures only ‘relative’ proximities. A 3C interaction enriched between loci, therefore does not necessarily translates into a decrease in absolute spatial distance. Hence, we advocate caution when modeling chromosome conformations.
Effect of Housing Act drafting activity on the formulation process of the “Report of the Housing Measures Committee”: A study on the discussion and research in the process of establishing housing policy during World War II (1)
Authors: Horiuchi Keisuke , Nakae Ken
Published: October 2020

During World War II, the measures to address housing shortage were drafted by the Housing Measures Committee (HMC). Studying this committee is important because, at that time, the model of Japanese housing policy was formed. At the same time, the Housing Policy Researching Committee of Dojunkai (HPRCD) attempted to draft the Housing Act, including concepts of housing statistics, housing standardization, housing inspection, and housing supply. This paper presents the process of formulating the “Report of the HMC” and its significance in the history of Japanese housing policy by associating the activities of HPRCD with the “Report of the HMC.”
Evaluation of Improvement in Skin and Nail Psoriasis in Bio‐naïve Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis Treated With Golimumab: Results Through Week 52 of the GO‐VIBRANT Study
Authors: Mease Philip , Elaine Husni M. , Chakravarty Soumya D. , Kafka Shelly , Parenti Dennis , Kim Lilianne , Hung Lo Kim , Hsia Elizabeth C. , Kavanaugh Arthur
Published: October 2020

Objective

To evaluate whether intravenous (IV) golimumab produces improvements in skin and nail symptoms that are concomitant with improvements in quality of life (QoL) and joint symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

Methods

Patients were randomized to either IV golimumab 2 mg/kg at weeks 0, 4, then every 8 weeks (q8w) through week 52 or placebo at weeks 0, 4, then q8w, with crossover to IV golimumab 2 mg/kg at weeks 24, 28, and then q8w through week 52. Assessments included Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) rheumatoid arthritis response criteria.

Results

Through week 24, achievement of PASI 75/90/100 responses (P ≤ .0098) and mean improvements in mNAPSI (−11.4 vs −3.7; P < .0001) and DLQI (−9.8 vs −2.9; P < .0001) were significantly greater with golimumab versus placebo. Responses were maintained in patients treated with golimumab through week 52. In placebo‐crossover patients, increases in the proportion of patients achieving PASI 75/90/100 responses were observed from weeks 24 to 52, and mean improvements in mNAPSI (from −3.7 to −12.9) and DLQI (from −2.9 to −7.8) increased from weeks 24 to 52. Simultaneous achievement of PASI and DLQI responses, PASI and ACR responses, and mNAPSI and DLQI responses were also observed. Similar responses were observed for all assessments regardless of concomitant methotrexate use.

Conclusion

Improvements in skin and nail psoriasis symptoms with IV golimumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis were concomitant with improvements in QoL and arthritis disease activity through 1 year.
Predicting Metabolism‐Related Drug–Drug Interactions Using a Microphysiological Multitissue System
Authors: Lohasz Christian , Bonanini Flavio , Hoelting Lisa , Renggli Kasper , Frey Olivier , Hierlemann Andreas
Published: October 2020

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occur when the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by a second drug. As multimorbidity and polypharmacotherapy are becoming more common due to the increasing age of the population, the risk of DDIs is massively increasing. Therefore, in vitro testing methods are needed to capture such multiorgan events. Here, a scalable, gravity‐driven microfluidic system featuring 3D microtissues (MTs) that represent different organs for the prediction of drug–drug interactions is used. Human liver microtissues (hLiMTs) are combined with tumor microtissues (TuMTs) and treated with drug combinations that are known to cause DDIs in vivo. The testing system is able to capture and quantify DDIs upon co‐administration of the anticancer prodrugs cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide with the antiretroviral drug ritonavir. Dosage of ritonavir inhibits hepatic metabolization of the two prodrugs to different extents and decreases their efficacy in acting on TuMTs. The flexible MT compartment design of the system, the use of polystyrene as chip material, and the assembly of several chips in stackable plates offer the potential to significantly advance preclinical substance testing. The possibility of testing a broad variety of drug combinations to identify possible DDIs will improve the drug development process and increase patient safety.
Ligand Density Controls C‐Type Lectin‐Like Molecule‐1 Receptor–Specific Uptake of Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Ackun‐Farmmer Marian A. , Alatise Kharimat L. , Cross Griffin , Benoit Danielle S. W.
Published: October 2020

The newest generation of drug delivery systems (DDSs) exploits ligands to mediate specific targeting of cells and/or tissues. However, studies investigating the link between ligand density and nanoparticle (NP) uptake are limited to a small number of ligand‐receptor systems. C‐type lectin‐like molecule‐1 (CLL1) is uniquely expressed on myeloid cells, which enables the development of receptors specifically targeting treat various diseases. This study aims to investigate how NPs with different CLL1 targeting peptide density impact cellular uptake. To this end, poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride)‐b‐poly(styrene) NPs are functionalized with cyclized CLL1 binding peptides (cCBP) ranging from 240 ± 12 to 31 000 ± 940 peptides per NP. Unexpectedly, the percentage of cells with internalized NPs is decreased for all cCBP‐NP designs regardless of ligand density compared to unmodified NPs. Internalization through CLL1 receptor‐mediated processes is further investigated without confounding the effects of NP size and surface charge. Interestingly, high density cCBP‐NPs (>7000 cCBP per NP) uptake is dominated by CLL1 receptor‐mediated processes while low density cCBP‐NPs (≈200 cCBP per NP) and untargeted NP occurred through non‐specific clathrin and caveolin‐mediated endocytosis. Altogether, these studies show that ligand density and uptake mechanism should be carefully investigated for specific ligand‐receptor systems for the design of targeted DDSs to achieve effective drug delivery.
Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments
Authors: He Xi , Zheng Ningchao , Hu Ruiting , Hu Zhuofeng , Yu Jimmy C.
Published: October 2020

Biomasses are very important natural products. Transferring biomass into catalysts for the advanced oxidation process (AOP) via heat treatment has attracted extensive attention. This review systematically introduces and summarizes two kinds of innovative biomass‐based catalysts according to the treating temperature. At low temperature (<300 °C), biomasses are converted into hydrothermal carbonation carbon (HTCC) with semiconductive properties for photocatalysis application. At high temperature (>300 °C), by contrast, the products lose their semiconductive nature and become a conductive carbon‐based conductor (biochar). They usually work as AOP catalysts by activating oxidant of O2, H2O2, and peroxysulfate for environmental treatment. This review summarizes and compares HTCC and biochar according to their formation process, structure, catalytic mechanism, and key points for the activity enhancement. The active units in HTCC are the sp2‐hybridized polyfuran unit while those in biochar are the persistent free radicals, nitrogen‐containing unit, or defects. HTCC converts water into OH radicals by using the photoexcited electron/hole pairs induced by solar illumination, while biochar activates oxidants via the active unit on its surface. More importantly, this review summarizes and demonstrates the key points to obtain high‐efficiency HTCC and biochar catalysts. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the future aspects for biomass‐based catalysis are given.
Nanopore Confinement of Electrocatalysts Optimizing Triple Transport for an Ultrahigh‐Power‐Density Zinc–Air Fuel Cell with Robust Stability
Authors: Zhou Tianpei , Shan Huan , Yu Hao , Zhong Cheng'an , Ge Jiankai , Zhang Nan , Chu Wangsheng , Yan Wensheng , Xu Qian , Wu Heng'an , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: October 2020

Metal–air fuel cells with high energy density, eco‐friendliness, and low cost bring significantly high security to future power systems. However, the impending challenges of low power density and high‐current‐density stability limit their widespread applications. In this study, an ultrahigh‐power‐density Zn–air fuel cell with robust stability is highlighted. Benefiting from the water‐resistance effect of the confined nanopores, the highly active cobalt cluster electrocatalysts reside in specific nanopores and possess stable triple‐phase reaction areas, leading to the synergistic optimization of electron conduction, oxygen gas diffusion, and ion transport for electrocatalysis. As a result, the as‐established Zn–air fuel cell shows the best stability under high‐current‐density discharging (>90 h at 100 mA cm−2) and superior power density (peak power density: >300 mW cm−2, specific power: 500 Wgcat−1) compared to most reported non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts. The findings will provide new insights in the rational design of electrocatalysts for advanced metal–air fuel cell systems.
Controlled Production of MoS2 Full‐Scale Nanosheets and Their Strong Size Effects
Authors: Liang Cheng , Sui Xinyu , Wang Aocheng , Chang Jinquan , Wang Weibiao , Chen Zhexue , Jiang Wenyu , Ma Yanhong , Zhang Jianqi , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2020

The production of 2D nanosheets (2D NSs) with all sizes (1–100 nm) and few (<10) layers is highly desired but remains great challenge. Herein, the top‐down production of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) NSs with wide‐range (161–10 nm) controlled sizes is reported. Considering the recently achieved MoS2 quantum sheets (QSs) with sizes of ≈2 nm, full‐scale NSs of MoS2 are successfully produced. The top‐down method combines silica‐assisted ball‐milling and sonication‐assisted solvent exfoliation. Ball‐milling with controlled time enables the production of multiscale NSs with varying distributions, which are then precisely separated by cascade centrifugation. Multiple spectroscopic techniques reveal the dramatic size dependence, indicating prominent quantum confinement and edge effects of the MoS2 NSs. The NSs‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hybrid thin films demonstrate strong size effects in nonlinear saturation absorption (NSA). Both (absolute) modulation depths and saturation intensities can be broadly modulated by simple variation of the NS sizes. With the sizes down from 161 to 10 nm, the modulation depths are increased from 27.0% to 51.3% and the saturation intensities are decreased from 33 419 to 21.2 kW cm−2 (3341.9–2.12 nJ cm−2). The work greatly facilitates the mass production and full exploration of 2D NSs with all sizes.
Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Jeon Jong‐Pil , Kweon Do Hyung , Jang Boo Jae , Ju Myung Jong , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: October 2020

To address energy and environmental problems, innumerable titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐based photocatalysts have been reported over the last four decades. TiO2 has attracted immense interest because it is low‐cost, abundant, and photoresponsive. Sunlight‐driven fuel production is one of the ideal photocatalytic approaches in terms of economics and the environment. However, performance issues with TiO2 photocatalysts remain, including insufficient charge separation due to the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and poor utilization of light, because of the material's wide bandgap. To be economically efficient, TiO2 photocatalysts responsive to visible light are essential. Many researchers have investigated effective modification methods for this purpose. Numerous studies have focused on enhancing photocatalytic activity by modifying TiO2. Methods include combining TiO2 with noble metals, incorporating metals or nonmetals, and introducing vacancies by chemical and physical methods. In addition, many studies have also been conducted to comprehensively determine the underlying reaction mechanisms, and thus guide future research directions. This Review aims to understand the basic principles of photolysis, to summarize recent research trends, to envision future research directions, and to help the development of a new type of TiO2‐based photocatalysts for enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency.
Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica Hybrid Materials with Near‐Infrared Emission as Multifunctional Sensors for Toxic Pollutants
Authors: Chatterjee Sobhan , Lou Xin‐Yue , Wang Yan , Liang Feng , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: October 2020

Two dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS)‐based hybrid materials (DFNS‐PDI‐NR and DFNS‐MDI‐NR) with superior near‐infrared (NIR) emission are developed. Based on the J‐aggregate of neutral red (NR) modified on the surfaces of DFNS, the hybrid materials possess a narrow redshifted emission band at 866 nm compared with the monomeric NR dyes upon excitation in the visible region (575 nm). Significantly, integrating the robust support of DFNS and unique fluorescence properties of the aggregated NR dyes, DFNS‐PDI‐NR and DFNS‐MDI‐NR can serve as a novel type of multifunctional solid‐state chemosensors for the detection of various toxic pollutants including transition‐metal anions (Cr2O72− and MnO4−), nitrophenols, and acetone with turn‐off NIR‐fluorescence signals. The quenching phenomena of DFNS‐PDI‐NR and DFNS‐MDI‐NR toward various toxic pollutants are established by nonlinear bend upward Stern–Volmer fitting. Moreover, these materials can be further used as sensitive probe materials for the determination of Cr2O72− and MnO4− levels in various real water samples.
Label‐Free Near‐Infrared Plasmonic Sensing Technique for DNA Detection at Ultralow Concentrations
Authors: Chen Shimeng , Liu Chuan , Liu Yun , Liu Qiang , Lu Mengdi , Bi Sheng , Jing Zhenguo , Yu Qingxu , Peng Wei
Published: October 2020

Biomolecular detection at a low concentration is usually the most important criterion for biological measurement and early stage disease diagnosis. In this paper, a highly sensitive nanoplasmonic biosensing approach is demonstrated by achieving near‐infrared plasmonic excitation on a continuous gold‐coated nanotriangular array. Near‐infrared incident light at a small incident angle excites surface plasmon resonance with much higher spectral sensitivity compared with traditional configuration, due to its greater interactive volume and the stronger electric field intensity. By introducing sharp nanotriangular metallic tips, intense localization of plasmonic near‐fields is realized to enhance the molecular perception ability on sensing surface. This approach with an enhanced sensitivity (42103.8 nm per RIU) and a high figure of merit (367.812) achieves a direct assay of ssDNA at nanomolar level, which is a further step in label‐free ultrasensitive sensing technique. Considerable improvement is recorded in the detection limit of ssDNA as 1.2 × 10−18 m based on the coupling effect between nanotriangles and gold nanoparticles. This work combines high bulk‐ and surface‐sensitivities, providing a simple way toward label‐free ultralow‐concentration biomolecular detection.
A 3D‐Printed Self‐Adhesive Bandage with Drug Release for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Zhang Jiumeng , Chen Yuwen , Huang Yulan , Wu Wenbi , Deng Xianming , Liu Haofan , Li Rong , Tao Jie , Li Xiang , Liu Xuesong , Gou Maling
Published: October 2020

Peripheral nerve injury is a common disease that often causes disability and challenges surgeons. Drug‐releasable biomaterials provide a reliable tool to regulate the nerve healing‐associated microenvironment for nerve repair. Here, a self‐adhesive bandage is designed that can form a wrap surrounding the injured nerve to promote nerve regeneration and recovery. Via a 3D printing technique, the bandage is prepared with a special structure and made up of two different hydrogel layers that can adhere to each other by a click reaction. The nanodrug is encapsulated in one layer with a grating structure. Wrapping the injured nerve, the grating layer of the bandage is closed to the injured site. The drug can be mainly released to the inner area of the wrap to promote the nerve repair by improving the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. In this study, the bandage is used to assist the neurorrhaphy for the treatment of complete sciatic nerve transection without obvious defect in rats. Results indicate that the self‐adhesive capacity can simplify the installation process and the drug‐loaded bandage can promote the repairing of injured nerves. The demonstrated 3D‐printed self‐adhesive bandage has potential application in assisting the neurorrhaphy for nerve repair.
Gemischte Photosystem‐I‐Monoschichten ermöglichen einen verbesserten anisotropen Elektronenfluss in Biophotovoltaik‐Systemen durch Unterdrückung elektrischer Kurzschlüsse
Authors: Wang Panpan , Frank Anna , Zhao Fangyuan , Szczesny Julian , Junqueira João R. C. , Zacarias Sónia , Ruff Adrian , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Rögner Matthias , Conzuelo Felipe , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Eine definierte Assemblierung von photosynthetischen Proteinkomplexen ist für eine optimale Leistung von semiartifiziellen Energieumwandlungssystemen erforderlich, die in der Lage sind, einen unidirektionalen Elektronenfluss zu liefern, wenn lichtsammelnde Proteine mit Elektrodenoberflächen verbunden werden. Wir stellen gemischte Photosystem‐I (PSI)‐Monoschichten vor, die aus nativen cyanobakteriellen PSI‐Trimeren in Kombination mit isolierten PSI‐Monomeren aus demselben Organismus bestehen. Die sich daraus ergebende kompakte Anordnung gewährleistet eine hohe Dichte an photoaktiven Proteinkomplexen pro Flächeneinheit und bildet die Grundlage für eine wirksame Minimierung von Kurzschlussprozessen, die die Leistung von PSI‐basierten Bioelektroden typischerweise einschränken. Die PSI‐Schicht ist darüber hinaus mit Redoxpolymeren für einen optimalen Elektronentransfer verbunden, was eine hocheffiziente lichtinduzierte Photostromerzeugung ermöglicht. Die Kopplung der Photokathode mit einer [NiFeSe]‐Hydrogenase ermöglicht lichtinduzierte H2‐Entwicklung.
Advancing the Logic of Chemical Synthesis: C−H Activation as Strategic and Tactical Disconnections for C−C Bond Construction
Authors: Lam Nelson Y. S. , Wu Kevin , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: October 2020

The design of synthetic routes by retrosynthetic logic is decisively influenced by the transformations available. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as a powerful strategy for C−C bond formation, with myriad methods developed for diverse substrates and coupling partners. However, its uptake in total synthesis has been tepid, partially due to their apparent synthetic intractability, as well as a lack of comprehensive guidelines for implementation. This Review addresses these issues and offers a guide to identify retrosynthetic opportunities to generate C−C bonds by C−H activation processes. By comparing total syntheses accomplished using traditional approaches and recent C−H activation methods, this Review demonstrates how C−H activation enabled C−C bond construction has led to more efficient retrosynthetic strategies, as well as the execution of previously unattainable tactical maneuvers. Finally, shortcomings of existing processes are highlighted; this Review illustrates how some highlighted total syntheses can be further economized by adopting next‐generation ligand‐enabled approaches.
Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Van Kets Karen , Jacques Justien , Delva Laurens , Ragaert Kim
Published: October 2020

This study assesses thermal and morphological stabilization of three compatibilizers during mechanical recycling of polymer blends. Polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilized with three different maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizers were extruded five times via single‐screw extrusion. The backbones of the compatibilizers are (1) polypropylene‐based, (2) an elastomer block copolymer poly(styrene‐co‐[ethylene‐butylene]‐styrene), and (3) a polyolefin elastomer. The degradation and retained functionality of these compatibilizers was assessed by means of simultaneous thermo‐gravimetric analysis, melt flow index, a morphology study, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. The results show that degradation of the compatibilized blends during multiple processing is low, although the core stability of the blends depends on the initial stability of all of the components in the blend. The thermal stability across the five extrusions was the most favorable for the matrix based grafted compatibilized blend. The functionality of the compatibilizers did show minor morphological destabilization but did not affect the mechanical properties.
Decentralized guaranteed cost control with H∞ performance for large‐scale web‐winding system
Authors: Hou Hailiang , Nian Xiaohong , Xu Shaozhang
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a decentralized guaranteed cost H∞ control strategy is proposed for large‐scale web‐winding systems with uncertain and time‐varying parameters. First, the large‐scale web‐winding system is viewed as a synthetic system composed of several dynamic subsystems, and interval matrix is used to deal with parameter uncertainties and the changes of set point. Second, a decentralized guaranteed cost control (DGCC) is developed to achieve the track goal, and guarantees that a cost function defined for the control system has an upper bound. Furthermore, an optimal DGCC (ODGCC) is designed to minimize the upper bound. Third, H∞ control strategy is incorporated in the DGCC to increase closed‐loop system robustness to parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, some simulation and experiments are performed on a three‐motor web‐winding system to verify the effectiveness of the presented control methods.
Parameter identification of a class of nonlinear multidelay systems with piecewise constant delays
Authors: Marzban Hamid Reza
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with the parameter estimation of an important class of nonlinear time‐delay systems with a piecewise constant delay function. The developed procedure is based on a generalization of the hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Taylor polynomials. The operational matrix of integration related to the generalized hybrid functions is constructed. Furthermore, an upper bound with respect to the L2‐norm for the generalized hybrid functions is acquired, and convergence of the generalized hybrid functions is demonstrated. The merits of the hybrid basis are implemented to convert the problem under examination into an algebraic system. The methodology of least squares is adopted for solving the acquired algebraic system. An illustrative example is included in order to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the designed method. It is shown that the proposed approach provides accurate estimates for the desired parameters. The current approach reduces the computation complexity of the identification process.
A resolution of the trans‐Planckian problem in the Rh = ct universe
Authors: Melia Fulvio
Published: October 2020

The recent measurement of a cutoff kmin in the fluctuation power spectrum P(k) of the cosmic microwave background may vitiate the possibility that slow‐roll inflation can simultaneously solve the horizon problem and account for the formation of structure via the growth of quantum fluctuations in the inflaton field. Instead, we show that kmin may be interpreted more successfully in the Rh = ct cosmology as the first mode exiting from the Planck scale into the semiclassical universe shortly after the Big Bang. In so doing, we demonstrate that such a scenario completely avoids the well‐known trans‐Planckian problem plaguing standard inflationary cosmology.
Digital device‐based active learning approach using virtual community classroom during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Singhal Ravi , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Harvinder , Fuller Stephanie , Gill Sukhpal S.
Published: October 2020

In India, traditional learning approaches in universities follow passive learning and instruction‐based studies. The demand for evidence‐based instructional and interactive active learning processes increases with the advancement in technology. To improve the quality of teaching and student performance, Laureate International University network has taken a unique initiative by applying an iterative and evidence‐based active learning process in small groups at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun for the Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice program. In this study, active learning processes with digital devices (mobile devices) and digital technologies (modeling tools, simulation, and online resources), having virtual small‐to‐medium strength classrooms are integrated into various scenarios with different levels of education. This has been found to be useful in improving student performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The proposed process applies both traditional and active learning processes with the provision to use mobile devices for digital content. This process also involves teachers attending a Bootcamp, over a 2‐month period, consisting of four modules in which they learn about and use digital content that will then be applied in their courses. Results show that the active learning process is of great benefit to students over traditional learning, and it provides a 30% improvement in student's grades. Further, it is observed that long‐term learning average marks increase by 66.9% in two engineering subjects. The simulation‐based experimentations are conducted to engage students and faculty members in active learning and simulation learning processes. It shows that the proposed approach (active learning) improves students' learning abilities as compared to the traditional approach.
Phase II trial of individualized/dynamic cisplatin regimens for definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho , Lee Jeong Eun
Published: October 2020

The current standard cisplatin regimen for concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) involves generalized static administration of cisplatin without considering patient characteristics and patient/tumor responses during treatment. We aimed to evaluate the oncological feasibility of individualized/dynamic cisplatin regimens for definitive CCRT in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This prospective, single‐center study enrolled patients with biopsy‐confirmed HNSCC for whom CCRT was indicated as the primary treatment. Concurrent with radiation therapy (RT), patients received individualized and dynamically modified cisplatin chemotherapy based on patient characteristics, such as age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS), and patient/tumor treatment responses. The primary endpoints of the study were grade ≥3 toxicity and progression‐free survival (PFS). The study enrolled 150 patients; 146 (97.3%) received ≥2 cycles of cisplatin in addition to scheduled RT. Incidence of any grade 3‐4 toxicities was 40.7% (61/150). During the 40.1 ± 25.1‐month follow‐up period, the 2‐year locoregional control, distant control, PFS, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival were 81.7%, 89.2%, 73.0%, 89.2%, and 86.1%, respectively. The treatment compliance and grade ≥3 toxicities did not differ between patients aged <70 years and ≥70 years, or those with PS 0 and PS 1‐2, respectively. CCRT using individualized, dynamic cisplatin regimens based on patient age, PS, and patient/tumor responses during treatment was oncologically safe and effective for treating patients with HNSCC, including those aged ≥70 years and with PS 1‐2.
An in silico approach to identify and prioritize miRNAs target sites polymorphisms in colorectal cancer and obesity
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Zoughi Marzieh , Larijani Bagher , M. Amoli Mahsa , Bastami Milad
Published: October 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and obesity are linked clinical entities with a series of complex processes being engaged in their development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in these processes through regulating CRC and obesity‐related genes. This study aimed to develop an in silico approach to systematically identify and prioritize miRNAs target sites polymorphisms in obesity and CRC. Data from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) were used to retrieve CRC and obesity‐associated variants. The polymorphisms that were resided in experimentally verified or computationally predicted miRNA target sites were retrieved and prioritized using a range of bioinformatics analyses. We found 6284 CRC and 38931 obesity unique variants. For CRC 33 haplotypes variants in 134 interactions were in miRNA targetome, while for obesity we found more than 935 unique interactions. Functionally prioritized SNPs revealed that, SNPs in 153 obesity and 50 CRC unique interactions were have disruptive effects on miRNA:mRNA integration by changing on target RNA secondary structure. Structural accessibility of target sites were decreased in 418 and 103 unique interactions and increased in 516 and 79 interactions, for obesity and CRC, respectively. The miRNA:mRNA hybrid stability was increased in 127 and 17 unique interactions and decreased in 33 and 24 interactions for the effect of obesity and CRC SNPs, respectively. In this study, seven SNPs with 15 interactions and three SNPs with four interactions were prioritized for obesity and CRC, respectively. These SNPs could be used for future studies for finding potential biomarkers for diagnoses, prognosis, or treatment of CRC and obesity.
Soluble factors released by dedifferentiated fat cells reduce the functional activity of iPS cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Watanabe Hirofumi , Kanemaru Kazunori , Hagikura Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Taro , Ayusawa Mamoru , Morioka Ichiro
Published: October 2020

Interactions between tissues such as epicardial adipose (EAT), and myocardial tissues is important in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Changes in adipose tissues in obesity or diabetes impair preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine secretion is higher in preadipocytes than in mature adipocytes in diabetes and obesity. However, how undifferentiated cells committed to the adipose lineage directly influence cardiomyocytes is not yet understood. We used human‐derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells as models of undifferentiated cells committed to an adipose lineage. Here, we evaluated the effects of soluble factor interactions in indirect cocultures of DFAT cells and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes.

Our RNA sequencing findings showed that these interactions were predominantly inflammatory responses. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines secreted by DFAT cells reduced myocardial functions such as contraction frequency and catecholamine sensitivity, and simultaneously increased apoptosis, decreased antioxidative stress tolerance, and reduced oxygen consumption rates in cardiomyocytes. These adverse effects might be attributable to monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligands 1 (CXCL1), and 12, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, interleukins 6 and 8, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1‐A among the proinflammatory mediators secreted by DFAT cells. Our results could be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of EAT‐related heart failure in terms of the involvement of undifferentiated cells committed to the adipose lineage. Furthermore, we suggest the importance of focusing on surrounding adipose tissues as a strategy with which to maximize the survival and function of transplanted stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes.
Case report: Novel phenotype in central 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Dideum Patrick , Rohena Luis , Berg Janet , Percival Candace
Published: October 2020

Deletions within 22q11.2 are one of the most common microdeletions studied. We report a case of central 22q11.2 deletion with abnormal dentition, a feature not previously described in this condition. Although the diagnosis of central 22q11.2 deletion syndrome requires genetic testing, we aim to facilitate clinical recognition, expediting diagnosis.
Nickel‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Zhengcheng , Qiu Lang , Yang Wen , Wu Zhenguo , Liu Yuxia , Wang Gongke , Song Yang , Zhong Benhe , Guo Xiaodong
Published: October 2020

Nickel‐rich layered transition metal oxides are considered as promising cathode candidates to construct next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries to satisfy the demands of electrical vehicles, because of the high energy density, low cost, and environment friendliness. However, some problems related to rate capability, structure stability, and safety still hamper their commercial application. In this Review, beginning with the relationships between the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance, the underlying mechanisms of the capacity/voltage fade and the unstable structure of Ni‐rich cathodes are deeply analyzed. Furthermore, the recent research progress of Ni‐rich oxide cathode materials through element doping, surface modification, and structure tuning are summarized. Finally, this review concludes by discussing new insights to expand the field of Ni‐rich oxides and promote practical applications.
Enantioselective Aromatic Amination?
Authors: Thönnißen Vinzenz , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: October 2020

The atroposelective formation of C−N bonds has recently emerged within the field of amination reactions. On first sight, it may seem quite surprising that such an ancient class of organic coupling reactions (Gabriel, Ullmann, Goldberg, Buchwald, Hartwig and many others) has so few enantioselective solutions, and this in spite of asymmetric synthesis being now a mature concept and field. Why should enantioselective C−N bond formation be so difficult? This question and some of the first examples that promise an imminent change of paradigm are herein discussed.