bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DGAT1 gene polymorphism and their association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle of Indonesia
Authors: DUDI DUDI , HILMIA NENA , KHAERUNNISA ISYANA , MUSHAWWIR ANDI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Dudi D, Hilmia N, Khaerunnisa I, Mushawwir A. 2023. DGAT1 gene polymorphism and their association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4202-4208. The bovineAcyl-CoA: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is crucial to milk and meat quality in cattle. The K232A DGAT1 mutation was broadly used as a milk and meat quality genetic marker. Pasundan cattle are Indonesian local cattle from West Java. These local cattle have adapted to the tropical environment, environmental factors are not obstructing their development. The DGAT1 gene polymorphism information and their contribution to fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle is very limited. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic polymorphism of the K232A DGAT1 gene and its association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle population. The gene polymorphisms were identified using PCR, and direct sequencing to discover a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). All sequencing results (ABI trace files) were analyzed in FinchTV, BioEdit, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) 6.0. Genotyping was performed on 80 Pasundan cattle. In comparison, Ongole-Grade (n=5), Bali (n=2), Simmental (n=2), Limousin (n=2), Madura (n=2), and Pesisir (n=2) were also used in this study. Their association with fat deposition and carcass quality was evaluated on seven heads of AK genotype and 23 heads of KK genotype. According to the sequencing result, two SNPs were found at g.201G>A and g.202C>A, respectively. The K232A DGAT1 locus was polymorphic in Pasundan cattle population with the K and A allele frequencies of 0.956 and 0.044, respectively. In addition, DGAT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with back fat thickness, longissimus dorsi area, rump area, and intramuscular fat.
Studying fluctuating trajectories of optically confined passive tracers inside cells provides familiar active forces
Authors: Nakul Urvashi , Roy Srestha , Nalupurackal Gokul , Chakraborty Snigdhadev , Siwach Priyanka , Goswami Jayesh , Edwina Privita , Bajpai Saumendra Kumar , Singh Rajesh , Roy Basudev
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the trajectories of microparticles inside living cells. Among other things, such studies are useful in understanding the spatio-temporal properties of a cell. In this work, we study the stochastic trajectories of a passive microparticle inside a cell using experiments and theory. Our theory is based on modeling the microparticle inside a cell as an active particle in a viscoelastic medium. The activity is included in our model from an additional stochastic term with non-zero persistence in the Langevin equation describing the dynamics of the microparticle. Using this model, we are able to predict the power spectral density (PSD) measured in the experiment and compute active forces. This caters to the situation where a tracer particle is optically confined and then yields a PSD for positional fluctuations. The low frequency part of the PSD yields information about the active forces that the particle feels. The fit to the model extracts such active force. Thus, we can conclude that trapping the particle does not affect the values of the forces extracted from the active fits if accounted for appropriately by proper theoretical models. In addition, the fit also provides system properties and optical tweezers trap stiffness.
Spatio-temporal fragmentation-aware time-varying service provisioning in computing power networks based on model-assisted reinforcement learning
Authors: Ma Huangxu , Zhang Jiawei , Gu Zhiqun , Kilper Daniel C. , Ji Yuefeng
Published: September 2023

Widespread application of AI with high computing requirements has promoted the rapid development of cloud and edge computing. Ubiquitous computing resources need to be interconnected through high-performance IP and optical networks. Computing power networks (CPNs) have been studied as an IP/optical cross-layer architecture to provide on-demand computing services. The service provisioning in CPNs can be modeled as a virtual optical network embedding problem; however, the time-varying characteristics of service requirements increase the complexity. In particular, there can be stranded computing or bandwidth resources that are isolated in the spatio-temporal dimension and therefore difficult for other requests to utilize. This phenomenon is referred to as spatio-temporal resource fragmentation, which will lead to inefficient use of resources and higher energy consumption. To meet the time-varying requirements and achieve an energy-efficient CPN, in this paper, we first analyze the main reason for spatio-temporal resource fragmentation and excess energy consumption in cross-layer CPNs, which is the mismatched embedding scheme and the inappropriate scheduling order. Therefore, an auxiliary-graph-model-assisted edge-featured graph-attention-network-enabled DRL algorithm, DeepDefrag, is studied to solve the problem. Its core highlight is co-optimizing the scheduling and embedding of time-varying virtual networks along with the awareness of resource fragmentation. In addition, an integer linear programming algorithm is developed to determine the performance bounds. We validate DeepDefrag through a series of ablation studies and comparison algorithms under different numbers of requests. The results show that DeepDefrag can achieve >26.4% lower energy consumption for CPNs compared with the DRL-based baseline. Moreover, it is shown to generalize well across requests and networks.
Optical satellite network architecture [Invited Tutorial]
Authors: Chan Vincent W. S.
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses the architecture of optical satellite networks from the physical to the transport and application layers. New frontiers exist for much more research before an efficient architecture can be constructed. Optical wireless networks have the potential to serve space–space, space–terrestrial/aircraft, and aircraft–aircraft data centers and metropolitan area networks. Though the technology in these applications is similar in nature, the architecture constructs and protocol tuning can be very different. Free-space optical networks have two attributes that are not encountered in fiber networks and those are their ability to connect without predeployment of infrastructures and the ability to reconfigure their connection topology by beam steering in time scales of milliseconds to seconds to adapt to traffic loads (as high as Tbps per connection), satellite and mobile platform movements, switching node states, and atmospheric conditions. This paper emphasizes a multi-layer approach to optical wireless networks and how the network architecture can be tuned to specific applications.
Long-range Fourier ptychographic imaging of the dynamic object with a single camera
Authors: Jiang Runbo , Shi Dongfeng , Wang Yingjian
Published: September 2023

Fourier ptychographic imaging technology is a new imaging method proposed in recent years. This technology captures multiple low-resolution images, and synthesizes them into a high-resolution image in the Fourier domain by a phase retrieval algorithm, breaking through the diffraction limit of the lens. In the field of macroscopic Fourier ptychographic imaging, most of the existing research generally focus on high-resolution imaging of static objects, and applying Fourier ptychographic imaging technology to dynamic objects is a hot research area now. At present, most of the researches are to use camera arrays combined with multiplexed lighting, deep learning or other algorithms, but the implementation of these methods is complicated or costly. Based on the diffraction theory of Fourier optics, this paper proposes that by expanding and focusing the illumination area, we can apply Fourier ptychographic imaging technology with a single camera to moving objects within a certain range. Theoretical analysis and experiments prove the feasibility of the proposed method. We successfully achieve high-resolution imaging of the dynamic object, increasing the resolution by about 2.5 times. This paper also researches the impact of speckles in the illuminated area on imaging results and proposes a processing method to reduce the impact of speckles.
Efficient and polarization insensitive edge coupler based on cascaded vertical waveguide tapers
Authors: Zhang Mengruo , Wu Jieyun , Zhao Zhiying , Chen Kaixin
Published: September 2023

We propose an efficient and polarization-insensitive edge coupler (EC) constructed principally with two cascaded vertical waveguide tapers. The proposed edge coupler only requires ordinary 365 nm (i-line) ultraviolet source for lithography process. We experimentally demonstrate the proposed EC on two kinds of photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platforms: silicon nitride (Si3N4) and lithium niobate thin film. Both achieve polarization-insensitive fiber chip coupling efficiency of >70% in the C-band. Our proposed EC have the advantages of efficient, cost-saving, and easy to implement and could serve as an effective solution to facilitate low-loss chip-fiber coupling.
Free-induction-decay magnetic field imaging with a microfabricated Cs vapor cell
Authors: Hunter Dominic , Perrella Chris , McWilliam Allan , McGilligan James P. , Mrozowski Marcin , Ingleby Stuart J. , Griffin Paul F. , Burt David , Luiten Andre N. , Riis Erling
Published: September 2023

Magnetic field imaging is a valuable resource for signal source localization and characterization. This work reports an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) based on the free-induction-decay (FID) protocol, that implements microfabricated cesium (Cs) vapor cell technology to visualize the magnetic field distributions resulting from various magnetic sources placed close to the cell. The slow diffusion of Cs atoms in the presence of a nitrogen (N2) buffer gas enables spatially independent measurements to be made within the same vapor cell by translating a 175 μm diameter probe beam over the sensing area. For example, the OPM was used to record temporal and spatial information to reconstruct magnetic field distributions in one and two dimensions. The optimal magnetometer sensitivity was estimated to be 0.43 pT/Hz within a Nyquist limited bandwidth of 500 Hz. Furthermore, the sensor’s dynamic range exceeds the Earth’s field of approximately 50 μT, which provides a framework for magnetic field imaging in unshielded environments.
Wavefront coding image reconstruction via physical prior and frequency attention
Authors: Zhang Qinghan , Bao Meng , Sun Liujie , Liu Yourong , Zheng Jihong
Published: September 2023

Wavefront coding (WFC) is an effective technique for extending the depth-of-field of imaging systems, including optical encoding and digital decoding. We applied physical prior information and frequency domain model to the wavefront decoding, proposing a reconstruction method by a generative model. Specifically, we rebuild the baseline inspired by the transformer and propose three modules, including the point spread function (PSF) attention layer, multi-feature fusion block, and frequency domain self-attention block. These models are used for end-to-end learning to extract PSF feature information, fuse it into the image features, and further re-normalize the image feature information, respectively. To verify the validity, in the encoding part, we use the genetic algorithm to design a phase mask in a large field-of-view fluorescence microscope system to generate the encoded images. And the experimental results after wavefront decoding show that our method effectively reduces noise, artifacts, and blur. Therefore, we provide a deep-learning wavefront decoding model, which improves reconstruction image quality while considering the large depth-of-field (DOF) of a large field-of-view system, with good potential in detecting digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and biological images.
Forward–forward training of an optical neural network
Authors: Oguz Ilker , Ke Junjie , Weng Qifei , Yang Feng , Yildirim Mustafa , Dinc Niyazi Ulas , Hsieh Jih-Liang , Moser Christophe , Psaltis Demetri
Published: September 2023

Neural networks (NNs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks, but their computation-intensive nature demands faster and more energy-efficient hardware implementations. Optics-based platforms, using technologies such as silicon photonics and spatial light modulators, offer promising avenues for achieving this goal. However, training multiple programmable layers together with these physical systems poses challenges, as they are difficult to fully characterize and describe with differentiable functions, hindering the use of error backpropagation algorithm. The recently introduced forward–forward algorithm (FFA) eliminates the need for perfect characterization of the physical learning system and shows promise for efficient training with large numbers of programmable parameters. The FFA does not require backpropagating an error signal to update the weights, rather the weights are updated by only sending information in one direction. The local loss function for each set of trainable weights enables low-power analog hardware implementations without resorting to metaheuristic algorithms or reinforcement learning. In this paper, we present an experiment utilizing multimode nonlinear wave propagation in an optical fiber demonstrating the feasibility of the FFA approach using an optical system. The results show that incorporating optical transforms in multilayer NN architectures trained with the FFA can lead to performance improvements, even with a relatively small number of trainable weights. The proposed method offers a new path to the challenge of training optical NNs and provides insights into leveraging physical transformations for enhancing the NN performance.
Multidimensional tunable graphene chiral metasurface based on coherent control
Authors: Zhao Wanli , Chen Ming , Wang Xiangyang , Han Wenhao , Li Renjie , Shi Xinyu , Liu Jinbiao , Teng Chuanxin , Deng Shijie , Yuan Libo
Published: September 2023

The deep application of chiral metasurfaces requires higher flexibility. Herein, we propose a multidimensional tunable chiral graphene metasurface, which uses coherent control to obtain more than 0.8 circular conversion dichroism (CCD) at 2.4 THz as a transmission structure. Its operating frequency can be changed in the 1.3–2.4 THz range, while the amplitude has almost perfect modulation depth in the range of 0–0.8. The mechanism of differential absorption was analyzed through numerical simulation. The device designed is easy to obtain reverse CCD, which is used for unit layout and proves its advantages in near-field imaging. Our work has broadened the path for the development of chiral metasurfaces towards higher degrees of freedom.
Inhibiting zero-order light of a spatial light modulator with voltage optimization
Authors: Zhu Yueqiang , Wang Kaige , Bai Jintao , Zhao Wei
Published: September 2023

The crucial zero-order light due to the pixelation effect of spatial light modulator (SLM) has been a serious issue in the field of light modulation, especially in applications with a high numerical aperture optical system. In this investigation, we report that by properly adjusting the high-level and low-level pixel voltages of an SLM, the zero-order light caused by the pixelation effect of an SLM can be significantly eliminated. The method is further validated under an inverted fluorescence microscope. The experimental results show that the zero-order light can be inhibited up to 91.3%, accompanied by an improvement of the modulation efficiency from 77.5% to 92.6%.
Towards miniaturized OCT-guided laser osteotomy: integration of fiber-coupled Er:YAG laser with OCT
Authors: Hamidi Arsham , Bayhaqi Yakub A. , Navarini Alexander A. , Cattin Philippe C. , Zam Azhar , Canbaz Ferda
Published: September 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with an ablative Er:YAG laser has been recognized as a promising technique for real-time monitoring and controlling the depth of laser-induced cuts during laser osteotomy procedures. In this study, a miniaturized OCT-assisted Er:YAG laser system was developed for controlled laser ablation of bone tissue. The developed system involved coupling a high-power Er:YAG laser into a sapphire fiber with a core diameter of 425 µm and miniaturizing the sample arm of a long-range swept-source OCT system. Controlled laser osteotomy experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the miniaturized setup. Real-time depth monitoring and control were achieved through an optical shutter controlled by the OCT system. The experimental results showed controlled ablation with a mean accuracy of 0.028 mm when targeting depths of 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm on cow femur bones. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed miniaturized OCT-assisted Er:YAG laser system for use in robotic-assisted minimally-invasive laser osteotomy.
Direct observation of Anderson localization of ultracold atoms in a quasiperiodic lattice
Authors: Yan Wenbo , Li Yuqing , Zhao Hongxing , Wu Jizhou , Liu Wenliang , Li Peng , Fu Yongming , Xiao Liantuan , Ma Jie , Jia Suotang
Published: September 2023

Ultracold atoms in quasiperiodic lattices offer a versatile platform for studying many intriguingly disorder-driven phenomena. Here we study the quantum transport of noninteracting ultracold 133Cs atoms in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic momentum lattice, which is formed by using the laser-coupled momentum states as synthetic dimensions. Through measurements of the site-resolved density distribution of atoms in the synthetic quasiperiodic lattice, we directly observe the transition from the atomic diffusive transport to Anderson localization in the initial injection site with increasing strength of the quasiperiodic modulation. We show the dependence of momentum width characterizing the atomic expansion degree on the quasiperiodic modulation strength, and our observation is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation. Our work provides significant insights for understanding the quantum spreading in disordered systems.
Emergence of belief-like representations through reinforcement learning
Authors: Hennig Jay A. , Romero Pinto Sandra A. , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Linderman Scott W. , Uchida Naoshige , Gershman Samuel J.
Published: September 2023

To behave adaptively, animals must learn to predict future reward, or value. To do this, animals are thought to learn reward predictions using reinforcement learning. However, in contrast to classical models, animals must learn to estimate value using only incomplete state information. Previous work suggests that animals estimate value in partially observable tasks by first forming “beliefs”—optimal Bayesian estimates of the hidden states in the task. Although this is one way to solve the problem of partial observability, it is not the only way, nor is it the most computationally scalable solution in complex, real-world environments. Here we show that a recurrent neural network (RNN) can learn to estimate value directly from observations, generating reward prediction errors that resemble those observed experimentally, without any explicit objective of estimating beliefs. We integrate statistical, functional, and dynamical systems perspectives on beliefs to show that the RNN’s learned representation encodes belief information, but only when the RNN’s capacity is sufficiently large. These results illustrate how animals can estimate value in tasks without explicitly estimating beliefs, yielding a representation useful for systems with limited capacity.
OpenABC enables flexible, simplified, and efficient GPU accelerated simulations of biomolecular condensates
Authors: Liu Shuming , Wang Cong , Latham Andrew P. , Ding Xinqiang , Zhang Bin
Published: September 2023

Biomolecular condensates are important structures in various cellular processes but are challenging to study using traditional experimental techniques. In silico simulations with residue-level coarse-grained models strike a balance between computational efficiency and chemical accuracy. They could offer valuable insights by connecting the emergent properties of these complex systems with molecular sequences. However, existing coarse-grained models often lack easy-to-follow tutorials and are implemented in software that is not optimal for condensate simulations. To address these issues, we introduce OpenABC, a software package that greatly simplifies the setup and execution of coarse-grained condensate simulations with multiple force fields using Python scripting. OpenABC seamlessly integrates with the OpenMM molecular dynamics engine, enabling efficient simulations with performance on a single GPU that rivals the speed achieved by hundreds of CPUs. We also provide tools that convert coarse-grained configurations to all-atom structures for atomistic simulations. We anticipate that OpenABC will significantly facilitate the adoption of in silico simulations by a broader community to investigate the structural and dynamical properties of condensates.
Molecular characterization of a novel serine proteinase from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in larval invasion of gut epithelium
Authors: Song Yan Yan , Zhang Xin Zhuo , Wang Bo Ning , Weng Min Min , Zhang Zhao Yu , Guo Xin , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing
Published: September 2023

Background

A novel serine proteinase of Trichinells spiralis (TsSPc) has been identified in the excretion/secretion (ES) antigens, but its role in larval invasion is unclear. The aim of this study was to clone and express TsSPc, identify its biological and biochemical characteristics, and investigate its role on larval invasion of gut epithelium during T. spiralis infection.

Methodology/Principal findings

TsSPc has a functional domain of serine proteinase, and its tertiary structure consists of three amino acid residues (His88, Asp139 and Ser229) forming a pocket like functional domain. Recombinant TsSPc (rTsSPc) was expressed and purified. The rTsSPc has good immunogenicity. On Western blot analysis, rTsSPc was recognized by infection serum and anti-rTsSPc serum, natural TsSPc in crude and ES antigens was identified by anti-rTsSPc serum. The results of qPCR, Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) showed that TsSPc was expressed at diverse stage worms, and mainly localized at cuticle, stichosome and intrauterine embryos of this nematode. The rTsSPc had enzymatic activity of native serine protease, which hydrolyzed the substrate BAEE, casein and collagen I. After site directed mutation of enzymatic active sites of TsSPc, its antigenicity did not change but the enzyme activity was fully lost. rTsSPc specifically bound to intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) and the binding sites were mainly localized in cell membrane and cytoplasm. rTsSPc accelerated larval invasion of IECs, whereas anti-rTsSPc antibodies and TsSPc-specific dsRNA obviously hindered larval invasion.

Conclusions

TsSPc was a surface and secretory proteinase of the parasite, participated in larval invasion of gut epithelium, and may be considered as a candidate vaccine target molecule against Trichinella intrusion and infection.
Mechanics of the human foot during walking on different slopes
Authors: Papachatzis Nikolaos , Takahashi Kota Z.
Published: September 2023

When humans walk on slopes, the ankle, knee, and hip joints modulate their mechanical work to accommodate the mechanical demands. Yet, it is unclear if the foot modulates its work output during uphill and downhill walking. Therefore, we quantified the mechanical work performed by the foot and its subsections of twelve adults walked on five randomized slopes (−10°, −5°, 0°, +5°, +10°). We estimated the work of distal-to-hindfoot and distal-to-forefoot structures using unified deformable segment analysis and the work of the midtarsal, ankle, knee, and hip joints using a six-degree-of-freedom model. Further, using a geometric model, we estimated the length of the plantar structures crossing the longitudinal arch while accounting for the first metatarsophalangeal wrapping length. We hypothesized that compared to level walking, downhill walking would increase negative and net-negative work magnitude, particularly at the early stance phase, and uphill walking would increase the positive work, particularly at the mid-to-late stance phase. We found that downhill walking increased the magnitude of the foot’s negative and net-negative work, especially during early stance, highlighting its capacity to absorb impacts when locomotion demands excessive energy dissipation. Notably, the foot maintained its net dissipative behavior between slopes; however, the ankle, knee, and hip shifted from net energy dissipation to net energy generation when changing from downhill to uphill. Such results indicate that humans rely more on joints proximal to the foot to modulate the body’s total mechanical energy. Uphill walking increased midtarsal’s positive and distal-to-forefoot negative work in near-equal amounts. That coincided with the prolonged lengthening and delayed shortening of the plantar structures, resembling a spring-like function that possibly assists the energetic demands of locomotion during mid-to-late stance. These results broaden our understanding of the foot’s mechanical function relative to the leg’s joints and could inspire the design of wearable assistive devices that improve walking capacity.
The impact of environmental regulation on regional economic growth: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: He Jiajun , Huang Zirui , Fan Xin , Zhang Hui , Zhou Rong , Song Mingwei
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we take the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the study area and analyze three types of environmental regulation tools, namely, command-and-control (CAC), market-incentivized (MI) and public-type (PT). We apply the threshold effect to test the impact of each of these tools on regional economic growth and analyze the relationships between the tools and environmental regulation. The entropy method is used to calculate the comprehensive environmental pollution index of each province and city in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Using Stata 14.0 measurement software and based on provincial data with respect to the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2014 to 2021, a panel threshold model is used to test the impact of the three types of environmental regulation tools on regional economic growth and analyze the relationship between environmental regulation and regional economic growth. It is found that the relationship between environmental regulation and economic growth is non-linear. There is no significant relationship between CAC environmental regulation and regional economic growth; there is a single threshold effect between market-incentive environmental regulation and public participation environmental regulation on the economic growth of the Yangtze River economic belt.
Finite-time robust speed control of synchronous reluctance motor using disturbance rejection sliding mode control with advanced reaching law
Authors: Nasim Usman , Bhatti Abdul Rauf , Farhan Muhammad , Rasool Akhtar , Butt Arslan Dawood
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) owing to their impressive efficiency and absence of magnetic material. Although the SynRM shows great potential for use in electric vehicles, its widespread adoption is limited by unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances. Moreover, the uncertainty factor significantly restricts SynRM’s peak efficiency and superior control performance, leading to an unjustifiable current loop reference command. To address these issues, this work presents various new research contributions which focus on the robust control of SynRM to optimize performance through the novel reaching law-based sliding mode control. Initially, a novel advanced sliding mode control reaching law (ASMCRL) with adaptive gain is proposed, to enhance the acceleration of the system state reaching the sliding surface. After that, an extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate and compensate for the overall disturbances of the system. Finally, the ASMCRL and ESO are integrated to design two nonlinear controllers namely, the disturbance-rejection sliding mode controller (DRSMC) and the disturbance-rejection sliding mode speed regulator (DRSMSR) for SynRM. The proposed DRSMSR eliminates the steady-state error and eradicates inherent chattering in DRSMC. Moreover, this yields a system trajectory that converges to a predetermined proximity of the sliding surface, irrespective of any lumped disturbances. The steady-state error of DRSMSR is less as compared to DRSMC. Furthermore, the speed response of this technique is 22.62% faster as compared to the state-of-the-art finite-time adaptive terminal sliding mode control. Additionally, the asymptotic stability of the proposed system is validated using Lyapunov’s theorem. Thus the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
New wave behaviors of the Fokas-Lenells model using three integration techniques
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Safi , Roshid Harun-Or , Ali M. Zulfikar
Published: September 2023

In this investigation, we apply the improved Kudryashov, the novel Kudryashov, and the unified methods to demonstrate new wave behaviors of the Fokas-Lenells nonlinear waveform arising in birefringent fibers. Through the application of these techniques, we obtain numerous previously unreported novel dynamic optical soliton solutions in mixed hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational forms of the governing model. These solutions encompass periodic waves with W-shaped profiles, gradually increasing amplitudes, rapidly increasing amplitudes, double-periodic waves, and breather waves with symmetrical or asymmetrical amplitudes. Singular solitons with single and multiple breather waves are also derived. Based on these findings, we can say that our implemented methods are more reliable and useful when retrieving optical soliton results for complicated nonlinear systems. Various potential features of the derived solutions are presented graphically.
Breakdown of Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxins and glutaredoxins based on electrostatic similarity–Leads to common and unique interaction partners and functions
Authors: Bodnar Yana , Gellert Manuela , Hossain Faruq Mohammed , Lillig Christopher Horst
Published: September 2023

The reversible reduction and oxidation of protein thiols was first described as mechanism to control light/dark-dependent metabolic regulation in photosynthetic organisms. Today, it is recognized as an essential mechanism of regulation and signal transduction in all kingdoms of life. Proteins of the thioredoxin (Trx) family, Trxs and glutaredoxins (Grxs) in particular, catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and are vital players in the operation of thiol switches. Various Trx and Grx isoforms are present in all compartments of the cell. These proteins have a rather broad but at the same time distinct substrate specificity. Understanding the molecular basis of their target specificity is central to the understanding of physiological and pathological redox signaling. Electrostatic complementarity of the redoxins with their target proteins has been proposed as a major reason. Here, we analyzed the electrostatic similarity of all Arabidopsis thaliana Trxs, Grxs, and proteins containing such domains. Clustering of the redoxins based on this comparison suggests overlapping and also distant target specificities and thus functions of the different sub-classes including all Trx isoforms as well as the three classes of Grxs, i.e. CxxC-, CGFS-, and CC-type Grxs. Our analysis also provides a rationale for the tuned substrate specificities of both the ferredoxin- and NADPH-dependent Trx reductases.
A serpin gene from a parasitoid wasp disrupts host immunity and exhibits adaptive alternative splicing
Authors: Yan Zhichao , Fang Qi , Song Jiqiang , Yang Lei , Xiao Shan , Wang Jiale , Ye Gongyin
Published: September 2023

Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of protein diversity in eukaryotes, but less is known about its evolution compared to gene duplication (GD). How AS and GD interact is also largely understudied. By constructing the evolutionary trajectory of the serpin gene PpSerpin-1 (Pteromalus puparum serpin 1) in parasitoids and other insects, we found that both AS and GD jointly contribute to serpin protein diversity. These two processes are negatively correlated and show divergent features in both protein and regulatory sequences. Parasitoid wasps exhibit higher numbers of serpin protein/domains than nonparasitoids, resulting from more GD but less AS in parasitoids. The potential roles of AS and GD in the evolution of parasitoid host-effector genes are discussed. Furthermore, we find that PpSerpin-1 shows an exon expansion of AS compared to other parasitoids, and that several isoforms are involved in the wasp immune response, have been recruited to both wasp venom and larval saliva, and suppress host immunity. Overall, our study provides an example of how a parasitoid serpin gene adapts to parasitism through AS, and sheds light on the differential features of AS and GD in the evolution of insect serpins and their associations with the parasitic life strategy.
Amor à Marca: Aplicação da Teoria Lovemarks em Destino Turístico
Authors: Barbosa José William de Queiroz , Ferreira Lissa Valéria Fernandes
Published: September 2023

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é investigar a aplicação da Teoria Lovemarks no contexto do destino turístico Natal-RN, Brasil. O estudo, de caráter quantitativo descritivo, se propôs a testar um modelo teórico com base nas dimensões da Teoria Lovemarks, sendo elas: mistério, sensualidade, intimidade e amor à marca. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma survey online que obteve 285 respostas válidas. As análises foram feitas com auxílio dos softwares IBM SPSS Statistics versão 22 e SmartPLS 3. Os resultados mostraram que todas as hipóteses da pesquisa foram suportadas, validando a aplicação da Teoria Lovemarks em destino turístico. Em termos do construto 'amor à marca', constatou-se que ele apresenta uma relação mais significativa com a dimensão 'intimidade' (coeficiente estrutural = 0,558). Além disso, verificou-se que as três variáveis latentes (mistério, sensualidade e intimidade) explicam 79% do amor à marca no contexto de destino turístico. Do ponto de vista teórico, o estudo contribui fornecendo subsídios para que o modelo proposto seja replicado em outros destinos, favorecendo a consolidação da Teoria Lovemarks nesse contexto. Em termos gerenciais, a pesquisa sugere ações para desenvolver uma gestão de marca de destino pautada na oferta de elementos que fortaleçam conexões emocionais com o viajante.
Clinical applications of shear wave dispersion imaging for breast lesions: a pictorial essay
Authors: Bae Min Sun , Kim Hyo Young , Oh Hyunseung , Seo Bo Kyoung
Published: September 2023

Shear wave dispersion (SWD) imaging is a newly developed ultrasound technology designed to evaluate the dispersion slope of shear waves, which is related to tissue viscosity. This advanced imaging technique holds potential for distinguishing malignant lesions from benign lesions and normal breast tissue. The SWD slope, as determined by shear wave elastography (SWE), could offer crucial insights into the characterization of breast lesions. This article presents SWE and SWD images of both malignant and benign breast lesions, in addition to normal breast tissue.
Design and Implementation on Multi-Function Smart Wheelchair
Authors: Zhou Huaming , Yu Xiaoyu , Wu Qing , Iwahori Yuji , Wu Haibin , Wang Aili
Published: September 2023

With the increase of population aging, chronic diseases and accidental injuries, more and more people are facing the plight of diminished or even lost walking ability. As a kind of mobile service robot, the smart wheelchair has strong environmental adaptability, smooth motion control and friendly human-computer interaction experience, and is an indispensable tool in rehabilitation engineering and elderly assistance engineering, which has important research value and social significance. In this paper, the system structure framework of the multi-function smart wheelchair and the specific technical scheme of each module are formulated based on the modular design idea, and the intelligent control hardware platform with Arduino UNO controller as the core is built to complete the control software writing, and an intelligent wheelchair for the elderly and disabled guardianship is designed. This multi-function smart wheelchair combined with IoT technology can realize distance navigation, obstacle avoidance, medication reminder, sign measurement, remote monitoring, GPS positioning, and upload information through OneNET cloud platform, which can view the location of the wheelchair and the safety status of the elderly from the map in real time in the cell phone APP and PC backstage, in order to improve the control and monitoring capability of the wheelchair.
Multi-Layer Hybrid Encryption: A Novel Approach for Enhanced V2X Security
Authors: Aljzaere Hasan , Gad Amr , Elsayed Omar , Hardt Wolfram
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the pervasive integration of technology in various domains has opened up new avenues for cybersecurity threats and data breaches. The automotive industry, in particular, has experienced significant impacts from technological advancements, most notably with the advent ofvehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. Ensuring a secure framework for data exchange among vehicles has emerged as a crucial concern in the realm of automotive cybersecurity.This manuscript presents a comprehensive examination of a novel hybrid-encryption-based secure data exchange system, accompanied by a proposed implementation for an automated emergency reporting system in the event of a car accident.
The Action of Benzene, Resveratrol and Their Combination on Ovarian Cell Hormone Release
Authors: Sirotkin Alexander V. , Kádasi A. , Balaží A. , Kotwica J. , Alwasel S. , Harrath A. H.
Published: September 2023

The aim of our study was to examine the direct influence of plant polyphenol resveratrol and oil-related environmental contaminant benzene on ovarian hormone release, as well as the ability of resveratrol to prevent the effect of benzene. Porcine ovarian granulosa cells were cultured with and without resveratrol (0, 1,10 or 100 ug/ml) alone or in combination with 0.1% benzene. The release of progesterone, oxytocin and prostaglandin F was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Benzene promoted the release of progesterone, oxytocin and prostaglandin F. Resveratrol, when given alone, stimulated both progesterone and prostaglandin F, but not the oxytocin output. Moreover, resveratrol prevented and even inverted the stimulatory action of benzene on all analysed hormones. These observations demonstrate the direct influence of both benzene and resveratrol on porcine ovarian hormone release, as well as the ability of resveratrol to prevent the benzene action on the ovary.
N6-methyladenosine-induced METTL1 promotes tumor proliferation via CDK4
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Cui Yuanbo
Published: September 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification of RNA represent two major intracellular post-transcriptional regulation modes of gene expression. However, the crosstalk of these two epigenetic modifications in tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that m6A methyltransferase METTL3-mediated METTL1 promotes cell proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) through m7G modification of the cell-cycle regulator CDK4. By mining the database GEPIA, METTL1 was shown to be up-regulated in a broad spectrum of human cancers and correlated with patient clinical outcomes, particularly in HNSC. Mechanistically, METTL3 methylates METTL1 mRNA and mediates its elevation in HNSC via m6A. Functionally, over-expression of METTL1 enhances HNSC cell growth and facilitates cell-cycle progress, while METTL1 knockdown represses these biological behaviors. Moreover, METTL1 physically binds to CDK4 transcript and regulates its m7G modification level to stabilize CDK4. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of METTL1 knockdown on the proliferation of HNSC, esophageal cancer (ESCA), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) were significantly mitigated by over-expression of CDK4. Taken together, this study expands the understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and identifies the METTL1/CDK4 axis as a potential therapeutic target for digestive system tumors.
Local parameter selection in the C0 interior penalty method for the biharmonic equation
Authors: Bringmann Philipp , Carstensen Carsten , Streitberger Julian
Published: September 2023

The symmetric C0 interior penalty method is one of the most popular discontinuous Galerkin methods for the biharmonic equation. This paper introduces an automatic local selection of the involved stability parameter in terms of the geometry of the underlying triangulation for arbitrary polynomial degrees. The proposed choice ensures a stable discretization with guaranteed discrete ellipticity constant. Numerical evidence for uniform and adaptive mesh refinement and various polynomial degrees supports the reliability and efficiency of the local parameter selection and recommends this in practice. The approach is documented in 2D for triangles, but the methodology behind can be generalized to higher dimensions, to non-uniform polynomial degrees, and to rectangular discretizations. An appendix presents the realization of our proposed parameter selection in various established finite element software packages.
Simulation of adsorption at rotating disk
Authors: Lovrić Milivoj
Published: September 2023

Diffusion-controlled adsorption at the rotating disk is calculated for Frumkin isotherm. The near equilibrium isotherms are simulated and their time components are analysed. The purpose of the work is to investigate the physical meanings of S-shaped isotherms that appear for strong attractions in the adsorbed layer. It is demonstrated that the surface coverage that is created gradually, by the diffusion process, consumes the concentration gradient of the dissolved surfactant in the diffusion layer. Once the equilibrium with the bulk of the solution is established, the driving force of diffusion-controlled adsorption vanishes and no additional adsorption is possible. The diffusion layer thickness on the rotating disk tends to the constant value and the flux depends only on the concentration of dissolved adsorbent at the disk surface. Hence, the equilibrium with the bulk of solution is established faster than at the stationary disk. This equilibrium takes an infinite amount of time to reach, but the system can approach close to the equilibrium within a definite period of time. The near equilibration time depends on the bulk concentration of surfactant. These relationships exhibit sharp maxima under the influence of attractions in the adsorbed layer.
A new layered potassium-based molybdenum–tungsten monophosphate: synthesis, crystal structure, XPS and magnetic studies
Authors: Goudjil Meriem , Lepore Giovanni Orazio , Bonazzi Paola , Mezaoui Djillali , Mezzi Alessio , Bolli Eleonora , Di Benedetto Francesco , Bindi Luca
Published: September 2023

A new compound, K5[(Mo3.2W1.8)O11](PO4)3[(P0.5Mo0.5)O4], was synthesized via solid-state reaction and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallizes in the space group Pnma, with a = 9.0360(4) Å, b = 10.1603(4) Å, c = 26.1538(12) Å and V = 2401.14(18) Å3. The structure consists of a corner-sharing MO6–TO4 (M = Mo, W; T = P, Mo) polyhedral connection arranged to form an ordered packing of ∼14.9 Å-thick layers parallel to (001). The stacking of the layers forms trigonal, tetragonal and hexagonal channels. XPS study reveals the presence of W at the hexavalent state only, whereas Mo appears as a mixed-valent species (Mo6+, Mo5+ and Mo4+). Magnetic susceptibility reveals the occurrence of a relevant antiferromagnetic coupling and is consistent with the presence of reduced metal species as indicated by the XPS results.
Understanding loneliness: The roles of self- and interpersonal dysfunction and early parental indifference
Authors: Labonté Laura E. , Kealy David
Published: September 2023

Many factors are implicated in developing and maintaining loneliness, including aspects of personality functioning and experience of early adverse childhood events. This study aimed to examine the relationship between domains of personality dysfunction, including self- and interpersonal functioning, and loneliness and determine whether such personality factors mediate the relationship between childhood parental indifference and loneliness. In total, 393 community-dwelling adults, mean age 34.3 (SD = 12.67), were recruited online for cross-sectional assessment of loneliness, personality functioning, big-five personality traits and perceived childhood parental indifference. Linear regression analyses were conducted followed by a parallel mediation model. Self- and interpersonal dysfunction were positively associated with loneliness and remained significant predictors of loneliness after controlling for five-factor personality traits. Impaired personality functioning accounted for 12% of loneliness variance. Finally, self-dysfunction mediated the relationship between childhood parental indifference and loneliness. Findings emphasize the importance of addressing personality functioning when developing psychosocial interventions aimed at tackling loneliness.
The Subject of the Dialectic: Some Consequences of Freud's Bisexuality Thesis
Authors: Olver Thomas
Published: September 2023

On the basis of a previous reading (Olver, 2023) of Freud's work that reveals a bisexuality thesis, the author discusses several interrelated consequences of this thesis, including the nature of desire and primal unity, a restatement of shame, the semiotic model, and the emergence of society and the economy with reference to the ego and the superego. These consequences together encapsulate and describe the dialectic of the subject. The author shows how dialectic movement is arrested by various acts of nomination, most notably the nomination of heterosexuality in the forms of sexual reproduction and financial profit that become social and economic master values in modernity. Only by keeping the dialectic open can the subject do justice to its inherent and revolutionary bisexual nature, not in the sense of transgression but rather in pursuit of the nonnomination that is the permanent becoming of a dialectic self.
A Fine-Scale and Minimally Invasive Marking Method for Use with Conventional Tungsten Microelectrodes
Authors: Oikawa Tatsuya , Nomura Kento , Hara Toshimitsu , Koida Kowa
Published: September 2023

In neurophysiology, achieving precise correlation between physiological responses and anatomic structures is a significant challenge. Therefore, the accuracy of the electrode marking method is crucial. In this study, we describe a tungsten-deposition method, in which tungsten oxide is generated by applying biphasic current pulses to conventional tungsten electrodes. The electrical current used was 40–50 μA, which is similar to that used in electrical microstimulation experiments. The size of the markings ranged from 10 to 100 μm, corresponding to the size of the electrode tip, which is smaller than that of existing marking methods. Despite the small size of the markings, detection is easy as the marking appears in bright red under dark-field observation after Nissl staining. This marking technique resulted in low tissue damage and was maintainedin vivofor at least two years. The feasibility of this method was tested in mouse and macaque brains.