bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular transmission networks and pre-treatment drug resistance among individuals with acute HIV-1 infection in Baoding, China
Authors: Shi Penghui , Chen Zhixia , Meng Juan , Su Miaomiao , Yang Xuegang , Fan Weiguang , Shi Haoxi , Gao Ying , Lu Xinli
Published: December 2021

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity and pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) are major barriers to successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). In China, sexual intercourse is the most frequent route of HIV-1 transmission. However, few studies have analyzed PDR and transmission networks in detail among individuals in China with acute HIV-1 infection and their sexual contacts.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baoding City, Hebei Province, China from 2019–2020. CD4 T cell counts and viral loads were assessed and a HIV-1 genotypic PDR assay was developed in-house. Transmission networks were visualized using Cytoscape with a threshold genetic distance of 0.015 among HIV-1 subtypes.

Results

From 139 newly diagnosed and drug-naïve individuals with HIV-1, 132polgene sequences were obtained and revealed eight HIV-1 subtypes. Circulating recombinant form (CRF)01_AE was the most frequent subtype (53.0%, 70/132) followed by CRF07_BC (26.5%, 35/132), B (13.6%, 18/132), unique recombinant forms (2.3%, 3/132), CRF55_01B (1.5%, 2/132), CRF103_01B (1.5%, 2/132), CRF65_cpx (0.8%, 1/132), and C (0.8%, 1/132). A total of 47polgene sequences were used to generate 10 molecular transmission networks. The overall prevalence of PDR was 7.6% and that of PDR to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors was 6.1%. Of three transmission networks for PDR, two were closely associated with Beijing and Tianjin, while another was restricted to sequences determined in this study.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that during acute HIV-1 infection, PDR is transmitted in dynamic networks. This suggests that early detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment are critical to effectively control HIV-1 spread.
Quality-adjusted life year comparison at medium term follow-up of endovascular versus open surgical repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm in young patients
Authors: Byun Eunae , Kwon Tae-Won , Kim Hyangkyoung , Cho Yong Pil , Han Youngjin , Ko Gi Young , Jeong Min-Jae
Published: December 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the quality of life and cost effectiveness between endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair (OSR) in young patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Design

This was a single-center, observational, and retrospective study.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with AAA, who were <70 years old and underwent EVAR or OSR between January 2012 and October 2016. Only patients with aortic morphology that was suitable for EVAR were enrolled. Data on the complication rates, medical expenses, and expected quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were collected, and the cost per QALY at three years was compared.

Results

Among 90 patients with aortic morphology who were eligible for EVAR, 37 and 53 patients underwent EVAR and OSR, respectively. No significant differences were observed in perioperative cardiovascular events and death between the two groups. However, during the follow-up period, patients undergoing OSR showed a significantly lower complication rate (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.11; P = .021). From the three-year cost-effectiveness analysis, the total sum of costs was significantly lower in the OSR group (P < .001) than that in the EVAR group, and the number of QALYs was superior in the OSR group (P = .013). The cost per QALY at three years was significantly lower in the OSR group than that in the EVAR group (mean: $4038 vs. $10 137; respectively; P < .001)

Conclusions

OSR had lower complication rates and better cost-effectiveness than EVAR Among young patients with feasible aortic anatomy.
Gene mining, codon optimization and analysis of binding mechanism of an aldo-keto reductase with high activity, better substrate specificity and excellent solvent tolerance
Authors: Jiang Wei , Fu Xiaoli , Wu Weiliang
Published: December 2021

The biosynthesis of chiral alcohols has important value and high attention. Aldo–keto reductases (AKRs) mediated reduction of prochiral carbonyl compounds is an interesting way of synthesizing single enantiomers of chiral alcohols due to the high enantio-, chemo- and regioselectivity of the enzymes. However, relatively little research has been done on characterization and apply of AKRs to asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. In this study, the AKR from Candida tropicalis MYA-3404 (C. tropicalis MYA-3404), was mined and characterized. The AKR shown wider optimum temperature and pH. The AKR exhibited varying degrees of catalytic activity for different substrates, suggesting that the AKR can catalyze a variety of substrates. It is worth mentioning that the AKR could catalytic reduction of keto compounds with benzene rings, such as cetophenone and phenoxyacetone. The AKR exhibited activity on N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine (DKTP), a key intermediate for biosynthesis of the antidepressant drug duloxetine. Besides, the AKR still has high activity whether in a reaction system containing 10%-30% V/V organic solvent. What’s more, the AKR showed the strongest stability in six common organic solvents, DMSO, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol. And, it retains more that 70% enzyme activity after 6 hours, suggesting that the AKR has strong solvent tolerance. Furthermore, the protein sequences of the AKR and its homology were compared, and a 3D model of the AKR docking with coenzyme NADPH were constructed. And the important catalytic and binding sites were identified to explore the binding mechanism of the enzyme and its coenzyme. These properties, predominant organic solvents resistance and extensive substrate spectrum, of the AKR making it has potential applications in the pharmaceutical field.
Foveal processing of emotion-informative facial features
Authors: Duran Nazire , Atkinson Anthony P.
Published: December 2021

Certain facial features provide useful information for recognition of facial expressions. In two experiments, we investigated whether foveating informative features of briefly presented expressions improves recognition accuracy and whether these features are targeted reflexively when not foveated. Angry, fearful, surprised, and sad or disgusted expressions were presented briefly at locations which would ensure foveation of specific features. Foveating the mouth of fearful, surprised and disgusted expressions improved emotion recognition compared to foveating an eye or cheek or the central brow. Foveating the brow led to equivocal results in anger recognition across the two experiments, which might be due to the different combination of emotions used. There was no consistent evidence suggesting that reflexive first saccades targeted emotion-relevant features; instead, they targeted the closest feature to initial fixation. In a third experiment, angry, fearful, surprised and disgusted expressions were presented for 5 seconds. Duration of task-related fixations in the eyes, brow, nose and mouth regions was modulated by the presented expression. Moreover, longer fixation at the mouth positively correlated with anger and disgust accuracy both when these expressions were freely viewed (Experiment 2b) and when briefly presented at the mouth (Experiment 2a). Finally, an overall preference to fixate the mouth across all expressions correlated positively with anger and disgust accuracy. These findings suggest that foveal processing of informative features is functional/contributory to emotion recognition, but they are not automatically sought out when not foveated, and that facial emotion recognition performance is related to idiosyncratic gaze behaviour.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in both college and community samples
Authors: Kalia Vrinda , Knauft Katherine , Hayatbini Niki
Published: December 2021

The prefrontal cortex is sensitive to stress experiences and significantly impacted by early life adversity. Cognitive flexibility is an executive function that is associated with positive outcomes in adulthood and implicated in activity in the prefrontal cortex. The relationship between early life adversity and cognitive flexibility is underreported. Using the cumulative risk model, we conducted two studies to examine the association between early life adversity and cognitive flexibility in college students and adults (cumulative N = 510). Exposure to early life adversity was assessed using the adverse childhood experiences scale (ACEs). Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Additionally, as perceived chronic stress is associated with impaired prefrontal cortex function, we measured that as well. Higher number of ACEs was correlated with lower number of completed categories on the WCST in both college students and adults. Perceived chronic stress was not associated with cognitive flexibility, but did correlate positively with ACEs. Individuals with a higher number of ACEs were also more likely to report higher levels of perceived chronic stress. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that exposure to adverse childhood experiences predicted lower scores on completed categories. Our findings provide further evidence that individuals with early life adversity exhibit reduced cognitive flexibility in adulthood.
A model framework for projecting the prevalence and impact of Long-COVID in the UK
Authors: Martin Chris , Luteijn Michiel , Letton William , Robertson Josephine , McDonald Stuart
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to model lost Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) from symptoms arising from COVID-19 disease in the UK population, including symptoms of ‘long-COVID’. The scope includes QALYs lost to symptoms, but not deaths, due to acute COVID-19 and long-COVID. The prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19, encompassing acute symptoms and long-COVID symptoms, was modelled using a decay function. Permanent injury as a result of COVID-19 infection, was modelled as a fixed prevalence. Both parts were combined to calculate QALY loss due to COVID-19 symptoms. Assuming a 60% final attack rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population, we modelled 299,730 QALYs lost within 1 year of infection (90% due to symptomatic COVID-19 and 10% permanent injury) and 557,764 QALYs lost within 10 years of infection (49% due to symptomatic COVID-19 and 51% due to permanent injury). The UK Government willingness-to-pay to avoid these QALY losses would be £17.9 billion and £32.2 billion, respectively. Additionally, 90,143 people were subject to permanent injury from COVID-19 (0.14% of the population). Given the ongoing development in information in this area, we present a model framework for calculating the health economic impacts of symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This model framework can aid in quantifying the adverse health impact of COVID-19, long-COVID and permanent injury following COVID-19 in society and assist the proactive management of risk posed to health. Further research is needed using standardised measures of patient reported outcomes relevant to long-COVID and applied at a population level.
A mixed methods evaluation of medication reconciliation in the primary care setting
Authors: Gionfriddo Michael R. , Duboski Vanessa , Middernacht Allison , Kern Melissa S. , Graham Jove , Wright Eric A.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To understand the extent to which behaviors consistent with high quality medication reconciliation occurred in primary care settings and explore barriers to high quality medication reconciliation.

Design

Fully mixed sequential equal status design including ethnographic observations, semi-structured interviews, and surveys.

Setting

Primary care practices within an integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States.

Participants

We conducted 170 observations of patient encounters across 15 primary care clinics, 48 semi-structured interviews with staff, and 10 semi-structured interviews with patients. We also sent out surveys to 2,541 eligible staff with 616 responses (24% response rate) and to 5,132 eligible patients with 577 responses (11% response rate).

Results

Inconsistency emerged as a major barrier to effective medication reconciliation. This inconsistency was present across a variety of factors such as the lack of standardized workflows for conducting medication reconciliation, a lack of knowledge about medication and the process of medication reconciliation, varying levels of importance ascribed to medication reconciliation, and inadequate integration of medication reconciliation into clinical workflows. Findings were generally consistent across all data collection methods.

Conclusion

We have identified several barriers which impact the process of medication reconciliation in primary care settings. Our key finding is that the process of medication reconciliation is plagued by inconsistencies which contribute to inaccurate medication lists. These inconsistencies can be broken down into several categories (standardization, knowledge, importance, and inadequate integration) which can be targets for future studies and interventions.
A pigtailed macaque model of Kyasanur Forest disease virus and Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus pathogenesis
Authors: Broeckel Rebecca M. , Feldmann Friederike , McNally Kristin L. , Chiramel Abhilash I. , Sturdevant Gail L. , Leung Jacqueline M. , Hanley Patrick W. , Lovaglio Jamie , Rosenke Rebecca , Scott Dana P. , Saturday Greg , Bouamr Fadila , Rasmussen Angela L. , Robertson Shelly J. , Best Sonja M.
Published: December 2021

Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and the closely related Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus (AHFV) are emerging flaviviruses that cause severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Increasing geographical expansion and case numbers, particularly of KFDV in southwest India, class these viruses as a public health threat. Viral pathogenesis is not well understood and additional vaccines and antivirals are needed to effectively counter the impact of these viruses. However, current animal models of KFDV pathogenesis do not accurately reproduce viral tissue tropism or clinical outcomes observed in humans. Here, we show that pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) infected with KFDV or AHFV develop viremia that peaks 2 to 4 days following inoculation. Over the course of infection, animals developed lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. Infected animals exhibited hallmark signs of human disease characterized by a flushed appearance, piloerection, dehydration, loss of appetite, weakness, and hemorrhagic signs including epistaxis. Virus was commonly present in the gastrointestinal tract, consistent with human disease caused by KFDV and AHFV where gastrointestinal symptoms (hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea) are common. Importantly, RNAseq of whole blood revealed that KFDV downregulated gene expression of key clotting factors that was not observed during AHFV infection, consistent with increased severity of KFDV disease observed in this model. This work characterizes a nonhuman primate model for KFDV and AHFV that closely resembles human disease for further utilization in understanding host immunity and development of antiviral countermeasures.
Playback Theatre, social justice and empathy: A diffractive review
Authors: Barolsky Kathy
Published: December 2021

This article explores the relationship between social justice and Playback Theatre practice. In lieu of a diffractive approach, this study breaks away from representational forms of research such as the traditional literature review. Instead, the author strives to review the selected studies as alive and dynamic, with the ability to activate new insights when creatively played with and re-examined. This review traces selected Playback Theatre research that has sought a deeper understanding of empathy in Playback Theatre practice and its relationship with social justice. The author foregrounds what has resulted from these studies regarding empathy in Playback Theatre and their relationship with Nancy Fraser’s social justice model, particularly the cultural dimension of recognition. This review offers a social justice definition relevant to Playback Theatre while seeking to explore how this informs the artistic dimension of Playback Theatre enactments.
Reflexive interpretation: A critical post-structuralist perspective on applied theatre as research
Authors: Gregorzewski Moema
Published: December 2021

In this article, I will trace the history of the qualitative applied theatre as research (ATAR) approach to explore how researchers may enrich their analyses and writings about ATAR-generated data with a critical post-structuralist (CPS) approach to reflexive interpretation (RI). RI is a compound methodology that considers four levels of interpretation. First, it asks researchers to consider how they handle empirical material. Second, it encourages researchers to analyse how they make their acts of interpretation conscious to themselves and their reader(s). Third, it calls for reflection on how sociopolitical and ideological contexts shape the research endeavour. Finally, it provokes researchers to investigate how authority is at play in the representation of data and findings, and in the writing of the final research output. I will consider how an RI methodology firmly rooted in a CPS paradigm can enable researchers to create analyses and representations of data that adequately portray the complexities of participants’ lived experiences in our chaotic and often contradictory postnormal world.
Indian migrant workers and global city Singapore: What determines the preference for and (relative) cost of a migration destination?
Authors: Baas Michiel
Published: December 2021

Global city ambitions and associated cosmopolitan aspirations are principally oriented towards attracting highly skilled migrants who are offered the opportunity of permanent residency. In contrast, low-skilled migrants increasingly face issues of segregation and sanitation, being housed in dormitories far from the city centre, often explained as an attempt to ‘decongest’ the city. That these migrants are not considered part of the aspired cosmopolitan gloss that global cities like to associate themselves with is furthermore underscored by their status as permanently temporary with no option to stay-on beyond a maximum number of years. This article challenges the inherent assumption that low-skilled migrants’ choice for a particularly migration destination is only motivated by monetary reasons. It does so by drawing on two distinct research projects: the first among migration agents in Chennai (Tamil Nadu, India), the second among variously skilled migrants from India in Singapore. By doing so, the article explicates that not only the cost of formalities, agency fees and travel contribute to how expensive it is to migrate to a particular destination (e.g. the Gulf, Malaysia or Singapore) but also its brand value, mainly determined by its assumed quality of life outside work. This brand value speaks to both low- and highly skilled workers, although in different ways.
From imagined community to imagined social space: The case of three international students
Authors: Soltani Behnam , Tran Ly
Published: December 2021

Drawing on the concepts of imagined community and production of space, this article introduces the concept of imagined social space to understand hopes, dreams, worries, fears, sadness and happiness of three international students who have left their homelands to study in an unfamiliar academic social space. Data from qualitative in-depth interviews with three focal participants from an ethnographic study in a tertiary institution are presented to show that students’ desires, goals and future aspirations are determined by the interplay between social relationships and social conditions governing the social space. The findings of the study give insights into the development of an academic social space framework to capture the dynamic interactions of students’ investments, positionings and negotiations in their imagined space that can shape and reshape their identities.
Immigrant Japan: Mobility and Belonging in an Ethno-Nationalist Society, Gracia Liu-Farrer (2020)
Authors: Baas Michiel
Published: December 2021

Review of: Immigrant Japan: Mobility and Belonging in an Ethno-Nationalist Society, Gracia Liu-Farrer (2020)

New York: Cornell University Press, pp. i–xii and 1–259,

ISBN 978-1-50174-862-2, h/bk, €35.17
Young farmers’ income generating capacity and capital requirement
Authors: Privóczki Zoltán István , Borbély Csaba , Bodnár Károly
Published: December 2021

The study examines the farms growing on arable crops run by yotmg farmers from economic point of view. The income generating capacity and capital needs of the sectors based on com cultivation are assessed, while the announced tender scoring system is taken into account. The number of agricultural and horticultural sectors with specialized young plant production farms increased strongly in recent years, so the results of these agricultural businesses have always been and still are in close connection with their production structure. The amount of income on these farms basically depends on the structure of production influenced by the income generating capacity, the capital requirements, the amount of the subsidies and the use of the relations opportunities of the industry. The versatility of the use of com produces different income generating capability and capital requirements which young farmers can successfully take advantage of during the design and operation period of their enterprises.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure at 400 MPa on quality attributes
of liquid egg products
Authors: Tóth Adrienn , Németh Csaba , Juhász Réka , Zeke Ildikó , Bertold Salamon , Bényi Dóra , Friedrich László
Published: December 2021

Samples prepared from liquid egg yolk (LEY), liquid egg white (LEW) and liquid whole egg (LWE) were processed by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) using different holding times (60, 180, 300, 420 and 600 s). The aim of our experiment was to examine how different holding times influences technofunctional attributes of liquid egg products. The color of samples changed after 60 s HHP treatment, but visible changes were evaluated just after 180­ 300 s. The pH of samples was stable, there were no significant changes caused by HHP (one-way ANOVA, a=0,05). The apparent viscosity was measured by a rotational viscometer as a function of shear rate. The shearthinning behavior of LEY and pseudopastic behavior of LEW and LWE were fitted well into HerschelBulkley model (with a satisfying correlation of R2 > 0.96). For the selected shearing rate, viscosity was measured in relation to shearing time. Thixotropic behavior of samples was increased by longer holding time of HHP treatments.
The importance of agriculture in the development of Romanian economy
Authors: Raicov Miroslav , Goşa Vasile , Fuchs Adina
Published: December 2021

Agriculture represent one of the most important branches of the Romanian economy. Within performing the suggested analysis we started from the premise that the economy of each country, regardless of developing degree, agriculture, by natural and human resources available, by contributing to the creation of gross domestic product, of gross value added, but also by participating at internal and external trade, obviously holds an important position. Romanian rural economy is currently dominated in a large part by agriculture. Favorable geographical conditions, topography, climate, fertile soils, in addition with workforce, a suitable administrative system, but the connection of rural population to land and animals can make the Romanian agriculture as production branch attractive and profitable to determine economic growth at national level. Thus, we considered necessary to perform an analysis concerning the importance of Romanian agriculture, analysis that represents the basis for finding the most viable solutions to determine this particularly important branch - to relaunch in the development of Romanian rural economy.
Analysis of agriculture in the West Region of Romania
Authors: Fehér Andrea , Adamov Tabita , Raicov Miroslav
Published: December 2021

The West Region has in its possession a valuable agricultural potential. The agriculture of Timis and Arad Counties plays an important role in the overall economy of the Region, with crucial implications on living standard of the population and food security. West Region is characterized by an average size of farms greater than the national average which allows practicing a more competitive agriculture in the Region, particularly in Timis and Arad Counties. The vegetal sector is better represented in the area than the livestock sector, its share being dominated in the production structure of agriculture branch, which creates a weaker ability to generate the additional added value through livestock production and especially by capitalizing of this in the food industry. Regarding the production structure of agriculture branch in the Region, the vegetal sector has a dominant share (67.3%) and reflects an inadequate structure without preconditions to increase the capacity of generating the additional added value through livestock production and especially through its capitalization in the food industry.
Túrázók a Pilis és a Visegrádi-hegység területén: a megközelítés problémája
Authors: Benkhard Borbála
Published: December 2021

A természetjárás növekvő népszerűségét a Covid19-járvány világszerte felerősítette. Legnagyobb mértékben az úgynevezett egynapos, zömében a nagyvárosokhoz közeli desztinációk látogatottsága és így terhelése nőtt meg, illetve megemelkedett a személygépkocsival megtett utazások aránya is. A Pilisi Bioszféra Rezervátum területén végzett, látogatószámlálással egybekötött kérdőíves felmérés eredményei alapján kimutatható többek között, hogy az ismertebb helyszínek esetében nem számít a jó tömegközlekedési összeköttetés, sokan választják az autót. A saját gépkocsival érkezők növekvő aránya egyrészt a természeti értékek károsodásához, másrészt a helybeliekkel kapcsolatos konfliktusokhoz vezet. A felerősödő problémák szükségessé teszik a látogatómenedzsment-eszközök átgondolását, a desztináció megközelíthetőségének és belső közlekedési rendszerének a felülvizsgálatát, valamint a természeti értékek és helyi közösségek érdekeit előtérbe helyező mobilitástervezést.
COMPARISON OF EYELID ANGLE MEASURED USING MANUAL AND DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS METHOD
Authors: N Shravya , Ravichandran Swetha , Thomas Rinu
Published: December 2021

Aim: To compare the eyelid angle measured by using a manual method (Using protractor) and digital image analysis method (Using ImageJ software) at different distances of eye gaze.
Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the preclinical lab at Manipal College of Health Professions. Subjects with no eyelid abnormalities were included in the study and they were asked to fixate at different distances a) at 3 metre (Distance gaze) b) at 70 cm (Intermediategaze) and c) at 40 cm(Near gaze). Using a protractor, the eyelid angle measurements were repeated at various distances which comprised the manual measurement. In the image analysis method, images were captured during distance, intermediate and near gaze using smartphone placed on theside of the face. These images were then analysed using ImageJ software for determining eyelid angle using image analysis method. Palpebral fissure height, Palpebral fissure width, Interpupillary distance, Intercanthal width, Binocular width, Height of open upper lid were some additional anthropometry measurements that were done using meter scale and PD ruler.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 20±0.5 years. Anthropometry measurements of the eyelid and Palpebral fissure were done using meter scaleand PD ruler. The mean and standard deviation of the measured parametersare as follows Interpupillary distance: 60.95±2.37 mm, Endo Inter canthal distance: 32.20±2.39 mm, Exo Inter cantal distance: 95.50±3.80 mm, Palpebralfissure height_OD: 12.11±1.32 mm, Palpebral fissure height_OS:12.16±1.46mm, PFW_OD: 32.00±1.10 mm, PFW_OS: 32.11±1.24 mm, Height of upper eyelids_OD: 10.26±1.66 mm and Height of upper eyelids_OS:10.42±1.83 mm. In the right eye, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between manual protractor method and digital image analysismethod at distance but there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05)between manual protractor method and digital image analysis method atIntermediate and near. In left eye, there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05) between manual protractor method and digital image analysis method at all three distances.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in eyelid angle measured using manual protractor method and digital image analysis method. The measurement of eyelid angle serves as a critical reference point during cosmetic and reconstructive surgical interventions of the eyelid and accurate measurements are essential for preoperative assessment, surgical planning and postoperative evaluation. Hence more studies on the validation of the anthropometry measurements and eyelid angle using digital image analysis areessential to use digital image analysis in routine eye care practice.
Trichinella spp. Y EL CICLO SALVAJE EN LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE
Authors: Bono Battistoni M F
Published: December 2021

Trichinellosis in a zoonotic parasitism of worldwide distribution caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Argentina is considered an endemic country for this zoonosis and so far four species have been identified, spiralis, patagoniensis, britovi and pseudospiralis. It can affect both domestic animals such as pigs, dogs, horses, or wild animals such as cougars, armadillos, wild boars, and wild pigs. With the aim of knowing if any species of Trichinella circulates among the wild fauna of the province of Santa Fe, 22 samples of muscle from pigs between wild and wild boars were analyzed by Artificial Digestion, five from aguará guazú (Chrysocyon brachiurus), one of cat wild (Leopardus geoffroyi), one of weasel (Didelphis albiventris) and one of an equine (Equus caballus). All samples were negative.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF SMALL ENTERPRISES: AN OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN THE MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
Authors:   University of the Witwatersrand, Ramodumo Aaron , Chigada Joel ,   University of the Western Cape
Published: December 2021

Background: This study analysed entrepreneurial dynamics, activities and challenges confronting small agricultural businesses in the Mopani District Municipality in Limpopo, South Africa. Mopani is a rural district municipality and home to 1,2 million people of whom 77% live below the poverty line. Agriculture is a major income-generating sector for many disadvantaged communities in rural areas of South Africa, and it plays a significant role in the economy. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to investigate the operational practices that contribute to the success/failure of emerging agricultural small enterprise owners in their agricultural activities within Mopani District – a district with large numbers of highly competitive and commercial farmers. In addition, the study suggested interventions that could help smallholder farmers to sustain their income-generating businesses.Method: A qualitative research method was adopted to gain insights from 30 small agricultural businesses, which included crop, poultry and diversified or mixed production. Different data collection techniques (interviews, document analysis and observations) were used to collect data and increase the trustworthiness of the research findings. Results: The majority (68%) of farm owners had no finance to start their own personal businesses, except that they received funding (financial start-ups) from the Municipality, the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme (CASP) and other agencies. Thirty-two per cent (32%) started their businesses on their own without municipal assistance, but they received funding later on. The study revealed that entrepreneurial practices and procedures of running small agricultural enterprises were multidimensional and diverse. Entrepreneurs lacked business management skills, vision, capital and access to markets. Conclusions: While the number of jobs in the large enterprises is decreasing, and government battles in creating conditions for job opportunities, the number of people seeking employment is growing every year. This causes an increase in unemployment in the country. The successful enterprises established income-generating activities that met the needs of their communities. Successful farmers seem to have an endless array of internal and external constraints such as internal efficacy, farm knowledge, business practices, poor marketing, natural disasters and harsh climate conditions amongst emerging farmers. Government should focus their attention on entrepreneurship training, as this is the avenue for incubators and the engine room for economic growth. This would create the much-needed business sustainability, employment opportunities and alleviate poverty in communities
Entrevista com Hidekiko Sano
Authors: Sano Hidekiko , Reis Alessandra , Giannini Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Graduado em Odontologia (em 1983) na Faculdade de Odontologia do Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japão.
Obteve o Doutorado em 1987, na Faculdade de Odontologia do Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japão.
Professor da Faculdade de Odontologia do Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japão (1988-1997).
Professor Titular do Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, da Faculdade de Odontologia, da Universidade de Hokkaido (a partir de 1997).
Mais de 250 publicações científicas.
Número de citações: 18.562.
Índice h: 67.
Ministrou mais de 70 palestras internacionais.
Recebeu dois importantes prêmios: da Sociedade Japonesa de Odontologia Adesiva (Distinguished Scientist Award, 2017) e da Academia Americana de Dentística Operatória, (Hollenback Memorial Prize, 2019).
Reanatomização dental com laminados ultrafinos em cerâmica feldspática estratificada: relato de caso
Authors: Miranda Jean Soares , Castro Humberto Lago de , Castilho Anderson de Almeida , Amaral Marina
Published: December 2021

O correto planejamento é essencial para o sucesso em casos de reabilitação estética e funcional. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de reabilitação com laminados ultrafinos em cerâmica feldspática estratificada. Paciente do sexo masculino, 36 anos de idade, relatava insatisfação com o sorriso, relacionada ao tamanho reduzido dos dentes anteriores superiores e aos formatos incisais, que geravam uma impressão de espaçamento entre as ameias. Para planejamento do caso, foi realizado um enceramento diagnóstico em modelo de estudo e confecção de mock-up para realização de prova estética e funcional. Os preparos foram feitos majoritariamente sobre esmalte. As cerâmicas foram confeccionadas laboratorialmente por meio da estratificação de cerâmica feldspática na cor B1 (escala de cor Vita Classical), finalizando com a cimentação com cimento resinoso fotopolimerizável, após a escolha de sua cor com a pasta try-in, tendo o paciente relatado alta satisfação com o resultado final. A realização de um adequado planejamento, por meio de um enceramento diagnóstico, e a correta sequência de etapas clínicas permitem a obtenção de um resultado previsível e satisfatório, estética e funcionalmente, preservando o máximo possível as estruturas dentais na realização de laminados cerâmicos.
Necessary Parameters of Vertically Mounted Textile Substrates for Successful Cultivation of Cress for Low-Budget Vertical Farming
Authors: Diestelhorst Elise , Storck Jan Lukas , Brockhagen Bennet , Grothe Timo , Post Inken Blanca , Bache Thorsten , Korchev Rumen , Rattenholl Anke , Gudermann Frank , Ehrmann Andrea
Published: December 2021

A growing population needs an expansion of agriculture to ensure a reliable supply of nutritious food. As a variable concept, vertical farming, becoming increasingly popular, can allow plant growth for local food produc­tion in the vertical sense on, e.g. facades in addition to the classical layered structure in buildings. As substrates, textile fabrics can be used as a sustainable approach in terms of reusability. In our experiment, we investigated which properties a textile should possess in order to be suitable for an application in vertical farming by the example of cress seeds. To determine the best-fitted fabric, four different textiles were mounted vertically, and were provided with controlled irrigation and illumination. Our results showed that a hairy textile surface as provided by weft-knitted plush is advantageous. There, the rooting of cress plants used in this experiment is easier and less complicated than along tightly meshed, flat surfaces, as for woven linen fabrics.
Breve análisis sobre la tutela de los derechos humanos en el orden constitucional Venezolano
Authors: Pinho De Oliveira Maria
Published: December 2021

El análisis de la tutela judicial efectiva de los derechos humanos puede hacerse desde diferentes perspectivas, como el derecho constitucional y el derecho procesal, por nombrar algunas de ellas, pero el más importante es el enfoque jurisprudencial. El propósito de esta investigación es presentar una breve revisión sobre la tutela de los derechos humanos en el orden constitucional venezolano. Se busca precisar el alcance constitucional venezolano de la tutela judicial, así como la tutela de los derechos humanos establecidos en los tratados internacionales y su reconocimiento en la Carta Magna. El principal problema radica en el reconocimiento de los tratados internacionales en materia de derechos humanos, ya que implica dos consecuencias: i) la nulidad de los actos del poder público que contravengan las normas de dichos tratados, en el sentido del Artículo 25 de la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, y ii) el deber de los jueces de garantizar la integridad de los tratados sobre derechos humanos ratificados por Venezuela. Se aplicó el método hermenéutico para la revisión de sentencias sobre el tema. Se observa que debe proponerse una adecuación del ordenamiento jurídico venezolano para asegurar la efectividad de tales derechos que implícitamente son reconocidos, sin importar que se encuentren taxativamente enunciados en las normativas nacionales. Recae en los jueces la función de ser garantes del cumplimiento de tal tutela.
desaparición Forzada en el contexto de Judicialización y reparación de valores superiores desde la ética de Justicia de Michael Sandel
Authors: Durán Mantilla Juan Guillermo , Sandoval Mesa Jaime Alberto , Moreno Durán Álvaro Hernán
Published: December 2021

En el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia se han presentado múltiplesviolaciones de Derechos Humanos que han determinado la persecución de lasmás graves conductas internacionales, entre ellas la desaparición forzada. Desdela perspectiva que vamos a abordar, en el Texto de Michael Sandel titulado -Justicia (Hacemos lo que debemos?)-, más allá de los problemas jurídicos y depolítica criminal que el hecho encarna, en esta ocasión veremos una reflexiónética del problema sin dejar de confrontar sus exigencias legales. El presenteartículo realiza una reflexión ius filosófica sobre los valores y deberes deprotección del ciudadano que se afectan y que comprometen la labor del Estadoen la persecución y represión del crimen de desaparición forzada a partir de suselementos de producción de la conducta. Para tal efecto se realiza unainvestigación de tipo hermenéutica analítica de tipo descriptivo y propositiva.
Dignidad un Concepto Ontológico- Jurídico del Paciente Oncológico en la Perspectiva de la Salud Pública
Authors: Ducuara Molina Sergio Arturo , Puerto Silva Francisco Andrés , Torregrosa Jiménez Norhy Esther , Cárdenas Pinilla Paula Andrea
Published: December 2021

La dignidad es criterio axiológico y principio. Es una noción cuyo referente semántico debe ser de cuidado, porque es una noción pantanosa a la cual debe prestarse suma atención. Su significado está determinado por factores subjetivos, intersubjetivos e institucionales y está intrínsecamente ligada con la facultad del reconocimiento. La nominación “dignidad humana” contiene la dignidad del paciente con cáncer, sin importar la fase en la que se halle e implica la calidad de vida y los hábitos saludables, con el fin de reconstruir la mismidad del paciente y obtener una simetría social e institucional. El presente artículo de investigación tuvo como objetivo conceptualizar la dignidad del paciente oncológico en el Estado social de derecho en cuanto a calidad de vida y hábitos saludables en pacientes con cáncer mamario en Colombia, entre 2017 y 2020. Para esto se hizo revisión documental integradora en Google Académico y las bases de datos PubMed, SAGE Journal, Medline y Springer link. En la fase I se encontraron 80 estudios, con aplicación de criterios de inclusión. En fase II se registraron y sistematizaron 63. Para el análisis se usaron el método hermenéutico de Gadamer y el sintético hegeliano. Se concluye que es preciso repensar las normas respecto al cáncer a la luz de la dignidad del paciente oncológico.
Les autorités de régulation des services publics en France et en Colombie
Authors: Acosta-Páez Estefanía
Published: December 2021

Le présent ouvrage est une analyse des autorités en charge de la régulation des services publics en France et en Colombie. Il utilise la méthode du droit comparé entre ces deux pays qui présentent des similitudes et des différences tant dans leur système juridique que dans leur réglementation du droit administratif. En Colombie, la régulation des services publics relève de la Surintendance (Superintendencia) des services publics ainsi que de certaines Commissions de régulation, tandis qu’en France, elle relève de la responsabilité de certaines autorités administratives indépendantes. La première partie du livre examine les fonctions des différentes autorités de régulation ainsi que les contrôles auxquels elles sont confrontées. La deuxième partie analyse le statut de ces autorités à travers l’histoire et leur niveau d’indépendance. Le livre revient également sur la concentration des fonctions de régulation, d’inspection, de surveillance et de contrôle au sein des autorités administratives. Enfin, l’étude conclut sur la nécessaire indépendance juridique et fonctionnelle de ce type d’autorité même si, tant la France que la Colombie, éprouvent des difficultés à la mettre en oeuvre.
La procrastinación de la bioética en el tratamiento penitenciario Colombiano
Authors: Hoyos Rojas Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar las causas de la procrastinación de la bioética en eltratamiento penitenciario. Para tal fin, se analiza el tratamiento terapéutico y se identifican algunasrazones que limitan el alcance de la bioética principialista frente al estado de cosas inconstitucionalesen la prisión. La metodología se enmarca en un diseño documental, con enfoque descriptivo, centradaen un tipo cualitativo que facilita mayor profundidad del conocimiento, para entender y explicarla fenomenología carcelaria. A partir del paradigma hermenéutico que guía esta investigación sepresentan resultados frente a un escenario manifiesto de flagrantes violaciones a la dignidad humanade las personas privadas de la libertad, situación que ha prendido las alarmas en torno a las garantíasconstitucionales propias de un Estado social de derecho, tanto en la comunidad nacional comointernacional y, de paso, ha abierto espacios a fuertes críticas al modelo biopolítico que sustenta elius puniendi. Hoy se discute si la imposición de una sanción penal rehabilita al infractor o si, porel contrario, potencia su capacidad criminal. Se concluye que los principios bioéticos de no maleficenciay justicia pueden contribuir significativamente a lograr los objetivos de la pena.
Traditional Marriage in Rural Bangladesh: An Ethical Consideration
Authors: Khan Sayeedul Islam
Published: December 2021

One of the common arguments to justify the traditional arrangement to marry off daughters in rural Bangladesh is that through this procedure they get a secured life under their husband’s supervision. It is a well-known proposition that if parents really care about daughters, searching for a bridegroom from a well-off family is the best option. Typically, daughters’ families mainly the father arrange such marriage, and the girl’s consent is hardly taken into account. However, I argue this traditional system values only girls’ caregiving and reproductive roles, ignoring all other life-affirming values. If daughters are not free to decide whether to marry or not to marry, their autonomy as human beings are violated. Moreover, considering marriage as a responsibility shifting process could objectify and commodify women in such a way that would destroy potentials to flourish life and make them a victim of violence. There are strong theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that the entire procedure of marriage is ethically blameworthy and detrimental for women. Sufficient ground can be found to put more priority on developing daughters’ competency to make them economically and socially independent so that they can choose when to marry, whom to marry or not to marry.
Leading Change without Formal Authority: The ICC model for the 21st century
Authors: Freeman Homa , Barnes Lisa , Long Warrick
Published: December 2021

Change seems to be a constant feature of the 21st century workplace. Successful organisations embrace change and make sure the personnel are valued, and that they remain engaged and motivated. Employers do not require to formally be in charge of a group of people to be called leader, but demonstrating leadership is an important feature for employees at every level of an organization. Women face a diverse range of difficulties in today’s workplace, and therefore this study aims to focus on the phenomenon of leading change without formal authority and develop a model for women to bring about change within their working climate. This conceptual research aims to identify novel connections between the concepts of leadership and feminism and in consideration of the features of the 21st century workplace. Reviewing the relevant literature particularly around the leadership qualities (drive, motivation, honesty, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge of the business) this study proposes dedication, political skill and sincerity as qualities of leadership without formal authority. Since, male and female personalities appear to be different in a number of aspects, the basic five personality qualities (known as the Big Five) are reviewed: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Reviewing models of change as well as females’ qualities, this study suggests a model for leading change without formal authority including Identifying gaps, Connecting with emotions, and Committing to change (ICC model).