bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population structure and geographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Hu Suhui , Zhao Wentao , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Zheng Zezhong , Zhang Longxian , Kváč Martin , Xiao Lihua , Feng Yaoyu
Published: August 2020

Background

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic pathogen worldwide. Extensive genetic diversity and complex population structures exist in C. parvum in different geographical regions and hosts. Unlike the IIa subtype family, which is responsible for most zoonotic C. parvum infections in industrialized countries, IId is identified as the dominant subtype family in farm animals, rodents and humans in China. Thus far, the population genetic characteristics of IId subtypes in calves in China are not clear.

Methods

In the present study, 46 C. parvum isolates from dairy and beef cattle in six provinces and regions in China were characterized using sequence analysis of eight genetic loci, including msc6-7, rpgr, msc6-5, dz-hrgp, chom3t, hsp70, mucin1 and gp60. They belonged to three IId subtypes in the gp60 gene, including IIdA20G1 (n = 17), IIdA19G1 (n = 24) and IIdA15G1 (n = 5). The data generated were analyzed for population genetic structures of C. parvum using DnaSP and LIAN and subpopulation structures using STRUCTURE, RAxML, Arlequin, GENALEX and Network.

Results

Seventeen multilocus genotypes were identified. The results of linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated the presence of an epidemic genetic structure in the C. parvum IId population. When isolates of various geographical areas were treated as individual subpopulations, maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny, pairwise genetic distance analysis, substructure analysis, principal components analysis and network analysis all provided evidence for geographical segregation of subpopulations in Heilongjiang, Hebei and Xinjiang. In contrast, isolates from Guangdong, Shanghai and Jiangsu were genetically similar to each other.

Conclusions

Data from the multilocus analysis have revealed a much higher genetic diversity of C. parvum than gp60 sequence analysis. Despite an epidemic population structure, there is an apparent geographical segregation in C. parvum subpopulations within China.
New type of degenerate Daehee polynomials of the second kind
Authors: Kumar Sharma Sunil , Khan Waseem A. , Araci Serkan , Ahmed Sameh S.
Published: August 2020

Recently, Kim and Kim (Russ. J. Math. Phys. 27(2):227–235, 2020) have studied new type degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials by making use of degenerate logarithm. Motivated by (Kim and Kim in Russ. J. Math. Phys. 27(2):227–235, 2020), we consider a special class of polynomials, which we call a new type of degenerate Daehee numbers and polynomials of the second kind. By using their generating function, we derive some new relations including the degenerate Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds. Moreover, we introduce a new type of higher-order degenerate Daehee polynomials of the second kind. We also derive some new identities and properties of this type of polynomials.
Estimating length of stay and inpatient charges attributable to hospital-acquired bloodstream infections
Authors: Zhang Yuzheng , Du Mingmei , Johnston Janice Mary , Andres Ellie Bostwick , Suo Jijiang , Yao Hongwu , Huo Rui , Liu Yunxi , Fu Qiang
Published: August 2020

Background

Hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (BSI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality and increases patients’ length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges. Our goals were to calculate LOS and charges attributable to BSI and compare results among different models.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in 2017 in a large general hospital, in Beijing. Using patient-level data, we compared the attributable LOS and charges of BSI with three models: 1) conventional non-matching, 2) propensity score matching controlling for the impact of potential confounding variables, and 3) risk set matching controlling for time-varying covariates and matching based on propensity score and infection time.

Results

The study included 118,600 patient admissions, 557 (0.47%) with BSI. Six hundred fourteen microorganisms were cultured from patients with BSI. Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria (106, 17.26%). Among multi-drug resistant bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) was the most common (42, 38.53%). In the conventional non-matching model, the excess LOS and charges associated with BSI were 25.06 days (P < 0.05) and US$22041.73 (P < 0.05), respectively. After matching, the mean LOS and charges attributable to BSI both decreased. When infection time was incorporated into the risk set matching model, the excess LOS and charges were 16.86 days (P < 0.05) and US$15909.21 (P < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first study to consider time-dependent bias in estimating excess LOS and charges attributable to BSI in a Chinese hospital setting. We found matching on infection time can reduce bias.
Seasonal dynamics and starvation impact on the gut microbiome of urochordate ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
Authors: Wei Jiankai , Gao Hongwei , Yang Yang , Liu Haiming , Yu Haiyan , Chen Zigui , Dong Bo
Published: August 2020

Background

Gut microbiota plays important roles in host animal metabolism, homeostasis and environmental adaptation. However, the interplay between the gut microbiome and urochordate ascidian, the most closet relative of vertebrate, remains less explored. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of urochordate ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) across the changes of season and starvation stress using a comprehensive set of omic approaches including 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, metabolomic profiling, and transcriptome sequencing.

Results

The 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling revealed that ascidians harbor indigenous gut microbiota distinctly different to the marine microbial community and significant variations in composition and abundance of gut bacteria, with predominant bacterial orders representing each season. Depressed alpha-diversities of gut microbiota were observed across starvation stress when compared to the communities in aquafarm condition. Synechococcales involving photosynthesis and its related biosynthesis was reduced in abundance while the enrichments of Xanthomonadales and Legionellales may facilitate bile acid biosynthesis during starvation. Metabolomics analysis found that long chain fatty acids, linolenic acid, cyanoamino acid, and pigments derived from gut bacteria were upregulated, suggesting a beneficial contribution of the gut microbiome to the ascidian under starvation stress.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed seasonal variation of ascidian gut microbiota. Defense and energy-associated metabolites derived from gut microbiome may provide an adaptive interplay between gut microbiome and ascidian host that maintains a beneficial metabolic system across season and starvation stress. The diversity-generating metabolisms from both microbiota and host might lead to the co-evolution and environmental adaptation.

Graphical Abstract
Some nano topological structures via ideals and graphs
Authors: El-Atik Abd El-Fattah A. , Hassan Hanan Z.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, new forms of nano continuous functions in terms of the notion of nano Iα-open sets called nano Iα-continuous functions, strongly nano Iα-continuous functions and nano Iα-irresolute functions will be introduced and studied. We establish new types of nano Iα-open functions, nano Iα-closed functions and nano Iα-homeomorphisms. A comparison between these types of functions and other forms of continuity will be discussed. We prove the isomorphism between simple graphs via the nano continuity between them. Finally, we apply these topological results on some models for medicine and physics which will be used to give a solution for some real-life problems.
Radiological findings spectrum of asymptomatic coronavirus (COVID-19) patients
Authors: Ali Rasha Mostafa Mohamed , Ghonimy Mai Bahgat Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

Background

Radiological examinations of COVID-19 positive patients play a vital role in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course, as most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns. Asymptomatic infected individuals, called “asymptomatic carrier or transmitter”, who are the infectious sources of SARS-CoV-2, and some of them progress rapidly, even resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high case-fatality rate. Our study is a prospective study and aims to be familiar with the CT imaging features of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Results

A total of 44 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia between March 20, 2020 and May 23, 2020 were enrolled. All patients had a history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or recent travel history. All patients had no symptoms. The predominant feature of CT findings in this cross-sectional study was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (41, 93%) with peripheral (34, 77.3%) distribution, bilateral location (20, 45.5%) with lower lobe predominance (left lower lobe 72% and right lower lobe 50%).

Conclusion

CT imaging of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia has highly characteristics findings. Since asymptomatic patients are the asymptomatic transmitter, and some patients can progress rapidly in the short term, it is essential to early diagnose asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. CT scan has great sensitivity in screening and detecting patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Computational virtual screening and structure-based design of some epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Tukur , Uzairu Adamu , Uba Sani , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu
Published: August 2020

Background

The foremost cause of cancer mortality worldwide was lung cancer. Lung cancer is divided into small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The latter is the main type of lung cancer that account for about 90% of the cancer issues and estimate about 25% of the cancer mortality each year in the world. Among the types of lung cancer with about 1.5 million patients and less than 20% survival rate is NSCLC. Overexpression of EGFR tyrosine kinase was recognized to be the cause of NSCLC. Therefore, there is a need to develop more EGFR inhibitors due to drug-resistance development by the mutation.

Result

Computational virtual screening on some epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRL858R/T790M inhibitors or NSCLC therapeutic agents) against their target protein (EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor pdb entry 3IKA) was performed via molecular docking simulation and pharmacokinetics to identify hit compounds with a promising affinity toward their target. The hit compounds discovered were compound 22 with −9.8 kcal/mol, 24 with −9.7 kcal/mol, 17 with −9.7 kcal/mol, and 19 with −9.5 kcal/mol respectively. These lead compounds were further subjected to drug-likeness and ADME prediction and found to be orally bioavailable. Six (6) new EGFRL858R/T790M inhibitors using compound 22 with the highest binding affinity as a template were designed.

Conclusion

The six newly EGFRL858R/T790M inhibitors were found to have a better binding affinity than the template used in the designing process and AZD9291 (the positive control). None of the designed compounds was found to violate more than the permissible limit set by RO5 thereby predicting their easy transportation, absorption, and diffusion. More so, the designed compounds were found to have good synthetic accessibility which indicates that these designed compounds can be easily synthesized in the laboratory.
Influence of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on fatty liver index parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gameil Mohammed Ali , Abdelgawad Mohammed Shereif , Bahgat Monir Hussein , Elsebaie Ahmed Hassan , Marzouk Rehab Elsayed
Published: August 2020

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major public health challenge worldwide. It affects more than half of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) may improve hepatic steatosis. We aimed to estimate the effect of empagliflozin or dapagliflozin versus conventional treatment on fatty liver status in patients with concomitant T2D and NAFLD over 24 weeks.

Results

We found a significant improvement of the fatty liver index (FLI) with a significant reduction of the bodyweight, body mass index, waist circumference, ALT, AST, GGT, AST to ALT ratio, lipid profile, and lipid profile ratios in both SGLT2 inhibitors groups versus the conventional treatment group. Post hoc analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the SGLT2 inhibitors groups (dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin).

Conclusion

SGLT2 inhibitors, empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, exert a beneficial effect on the fatty liver index of diabetic patients with NAFLD.
Management and Appropriate Use of Diazoxide in Infants and Children with Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Brar Preneet Cheema , Heksch Ryan , Cossen Kristina , De Leon Diva D , Kamboj Manmohan K , Marks Seth D , Marshall Bess A , Miller Ryan , Page Laura , Stanley Takara , Mitchell Deborah , Thornton Paul
Published: August 2020

Background

The diagnosis of hypoglycemia and the use of diazoxide have risen in the last decade. Diazoxide is the only Food and Drug Agency-approved pharmacologic treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism (HI). Recent publications have highlighted that diazoxide has serious adverse effects (AEs) such as pulmonary hypertension (2–3%) and neutropenia (15%). Despite its increasing use, there is little information regarding dosing of diazoxide and/or monitoring for AEs.

Methods

We convened a working group of pediatric endocrinologists who were members of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) to review the available literature. Our committee sent a survey to its PES members regarding the use of diazoxide in their endocrine practices. Our review of the results concluded that there was substantial heterogeneity in usage and monitoring for AEs for diazoxide among pediatric endocrinologists.

Conclusions

Based on our extensive literature review and on the lack of consensus regarding use of diazoxide noted in our PES survey, our group graded the evidence using the framework of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group, and has proposed expert consensus practice guidelines for the appropriate use of diazoxide in infants and children with HI. We summarized the information on AEs reported to date and have provided practical ideas for dosing and monitoring for AEs in infants treated with diazoxide.
Minimizing Glucose Excursions (GEM) With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cox Daniel J , Banton Tom , Moncrief Matthew , Conaway Mark , Diamond Anne , McCall Anthony L
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to compare conventional medication management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to medication management in conjunction with a lifestyle intervention using continuous glucose monitoring to minimize glucose excursions. Thirty adults (63% female; mean age, 53.3 years) who were diagnosed with T2D for less than 11 years (mean, 5.6 years), had glycated A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% (51 mmol/mol) (mean 8.8%, [73 mmol/mol]), and were not using insulin, were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to routine care (RC) or 4 group sessions of glycemic excursion minimization plus real-time CGM (GEMCGM). Assessments at baseline and 5 months included a physical exam, metabolic and lipid panels, a review of diabetes medications, and psychological questionnaires. For the week following assessments, participants wore a blinded activity monitor and completed 3 days of 24-hour dietary recall. A subgroup also wore a blinded CGM. GEMCGM participants significantly improved HbA1c (from 8.9% to 7.6% [74-60 mmol/mol] compared with 8.8% to 8.7% [73-72 mmol/mol] for RC (P = .03). Additionally, GEMCGM reduced the need for diabetes medication (P = .01), reduced carbohydrate consumption (P = .009), and improved diabetes knowledge (P = .001), quality of life (P = .01) and diabetes distress (P = .02), and trended to more empowerment (P = .05) without increasing dietary fat, lipids, or hypoglycemia. Confirming our prior research, GEMCGM appears to be a safe, effective lifestyle intervention option for adults with suboptimally controlled T2D who do not take insulin.
Effective range of non-cell autonomous activator and inhibitor peptides specifying plant stomatal patterning
Authors: Zeng Scott M. , Lo Emily K. W. , Hazelton Bryna J. , Morales Miguel F. , Torii Keiko U.
Published: August 2020

Stomata are epidermal valves that facilitate gas exchange between plants and their environment. Stomatal patterning is regulated by EPIDERMAL PATTERING FACTOR (EPF)-family of secreted peptides: EPF1 enforcing stomatal spacing, whereas EPF-LIKE9, also known as Stomagen, promoting stomatal development. It remains unknown, however, how far these signaling peptides act. Utilizing Cre-lox recombination-based mosaic sectors that overexpress either EPF1 or Stomagen in Arabidopsis cotyledons, we reveal a range within the epidermis and across the cell layers in which these peptides influence patterns. To quantitatively determine their effective ranges, we developed a computational pipeline, SPACE (Stomata Patterning AutoCorrelation on Epidermis), that describes probabilistic two-dimensional stomatal distributions based upon spatial autocorrelation statistics used in Astrophysics. The SPACE analysis shows that, whereas both peptides act locally, the inhibitor, EPF1, exerts longer-range effects than the activator, Stomagen. Furthermore, local perturbation of stomatal development has little influence on global two-dimensional stomatal patterning. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the nature and extent of EPF peptides as non-cell autonomous local signals and provide a means to quantitatively characterize complex spatial patterns in development.
Arthroscopic Repair of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tear
Authors: Seo Hyunseok , Lee Joo-Yup
Published: August 2020

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is an important structure for stability of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and shock absorption of ulnocarpal joint. Recent studies on anatomy and biomechanics of TFCC have revealed that the deep fiber of distal radioulnar ligament plays a key role in stabilizing the DRUJ. Clinicians should evaluate the presence of the instability of DRUJ or ulnar impaction syndrome. If necessary, combined TFCC foveal repair and ulnar shortening osteotomy should be performed. This article introduces the authors’ preferred procedure of arthroscopic TFCC repair with satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Lower bounds for maximal cp-ranks of completely positive matrices and tensors
Authors: Schachinger Werner
Published: August 2020

Let $p_n$ denote the maximal cp-rank attained by completely positive $n\times n$ matrices. Only lower and upper bounds for $p_n$ are known, when $n\ge6$, but it is known that $p_n=\frac{n^2}2\big(1+o(1)\big)$, and the difference of the current best upper and lower bounds for $p_n$ is of order $\mathcal{O}\big(n^{3/2}\big)$. In this paper, that gap is reduced to $\mathcal{O}\big(n\log\log n\big)$. To achieve this result, a sequence of generalized ranks of a given matrix A has to be introduced. Properties of that sequence and its generating function are investigated. For suitable A, the $d$th term of that sequence is the cp-rank of some completely positive tensor of order $d$. This allows the derivation of asymptotically matching lower and upper bounds for the maximal cp-rank of completely positive tensors of order $d>2$ as well.
Prolonged length of stay (PLOS) in a high-volume arthroplasty unit
Authors: Kang Hean Wu , Bryce Leeann , Cassidy Roslyn , Hill Janet Catherine , Diamond Owen , Beverland David
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept in arthroplasty surgery has led to a reduction in postoperative length of stay in recent years. Patients with prolonged length of stay (PLOS) add to the burden of a strained NHS. Our aim was to identify the main reasons.

Methods

A PLOS was arbitrarily defined as an inpatient hospital stay of four days or longer from admission date. A total of 2,000 consecutive arthroplasty patients between September 2017 and July 2018 were reviewed. Of these, 1,878 patients were included after exclusion criteria were applied. Notes for 524 PLOS patients were audited to determine predominant reasons for PLOS.

Results

The mean total length of stay was 4 days (1 to 42). The top three reasons for PLOS were social services, day-before-surgery admission, and slow to mobilize. Social services accounted for 1,224 excess bed days, almost half (49.2%, 1,224/2,489) of the sum of excess bed days.

Conclusion

A preadmission discharge plan, plus day of surgery admission and mobilization on the day of surgery, would have the potential to significantly reduce length of stay without compromising patient care. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-8:488–493.
Aetiology, prevalence, fracture site and management of maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Kanala S , Gudipalli S , Perumalla P , Jagalanki K , Polamarasetty PV , Guntaka S , Gudala A , Boyapati RP
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Maxillofacial fractures are often associated with severe morbidity, functional deficit, disfigurement and significant financial implications. The aim of this review was to investigate whether the aetiology, prevalence and management modalities of facial trauma can identify the common causes of facial trauma with a view to recommending measures to the appropriate governing bodies to change the current practice wherever possible.

Methods

The records of 1,112 patients referred to our oral and maxillofacial unit in Andhra Pradesh, India, between February 2008 and October 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Data including age, sex, aetiology, fracture site and treatment were evaluated.

Results

Men aged 20–40 years were the most common victims of facial trauma. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were responsible in 70% of cases. Mandibular fractures constituted 47% of the overall fractures, and 55% of the total fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation.

Conclusions

The main cause of maxillofacial injury among patients reporting to our hospital was RTAs. Mandibular fractures were the most common, accounting for almost half of the cases. Over half (55%) of all maxillofacial fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Reasons for this high frequency may include the large number of poorly maintained, overloaded vehicles on unsuitable roads, violation of traffic regulations (particularly by inexperienced young drivers), abuse of alcohol or other intoxicating agents and the sociocultural behaviours of some drivers.
Pre-Service Teacher Career Choice Motivation: A Comparison of Vocational Education and Training Teachers and Comprehensive School Teachers in Germany
Authors: Stellmacher Anne , Ohlemann Svenja , Pfetsch Jan , Ittel Angela
Published: August 2020

Context: The current shortage of teachers in Germany, especially in vocational schools, is of relevance to the education system and labour market policy. To recruit future teachers more effectively, it is of great importance to gain a better understanding of pre-service teachers’ career choice motivation. However, research has concentrated so far mainly on teachers in the general education system. The present study investigates the career choice motivation of students who will become vocational education and training (VET) teachers and compares it to the career choice motivation of future comprehensive school teachers. Approach: We surveyed N = 79 teacher training students in total, 30 pre-service VET teachers and 49 pre-service comprehensive school teachers at the beginning of their university-based teacher training. To measure career choice motivation, we used the standardized questionnaire Motivation for Choosing Teacher Education (FEMOLA) including six subscales (Pohlmann & Möller, 2010). In order to compare pre-service VET and comprehensive school teachers with regard to the six scales of career choice motivation, we performed a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: We found the highest means for the motives subject-specific and educational interest for the future VET teachers. In comparison to the pre-service comprehensive school teachers, they rated their educational interest, social influences, and utility as significantly less relevant in terms of their career choice motivation. There are no significant differences on the other three motivational scales. Conclusion: The findings show that the two groups partially differ in their motivations to become a teacher. Therefore, we can conclude that the measures for attracting new students should also be individually adapted to the motives for their career choice. For example, in a counselling interview, the motives for choosing a profession should be discussed and compared with the requirements for studying and later working life.
Design of easy-manufacturing superdirective antenna: a theoretical study
Authors: Chen Wan , Fu Jiahui , Lv Bo , Wu Qun
Published: August 2020

An easy-fabricating superdirective antenna with needlelike radiation in the microwave band is proposed for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The electromagnetic field of the superdirective antenna excited by an electric line source is calculated. The parameters of the superdirective antenna are obtained by optimization algorithms. A two-step optimization method is carried out to reduce the difficulty of fabrication. The mechanism of superdirectivity in the microwave band is explained briefly by traditional multilayered dielectric resonances. A machinable 10-layered superdirective antenna, using this method, is proposed. Unlike traditional superdirective antennas, the proposed antenna, after two-step optimization in this paper, has all-positive integral permittivities, which reduce the fabrication difficulty significantly.
Femtosecond laser writing of plasmonic nanoparticles inside PNIPAM microgels for light-driven 3D soft actuators
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroaki , Odashima Shun , Asoh Suguru
Published: August 2020

Herein, three-dimensional (3D) incorporation of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles was performed inside temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels using near-infrared femtosecond laser multi-photon reduction. The nanoparticles, formed by laser writing at lower doses, exhibited intense plasmonic absorption in the gels around 420 nm wavelength. Light-induced local shrinking of up to 86%, under assumption of isotropic shrinkage, in volume was achieved by the efficient photothermal conversion of Ag nanoparticles. Such shrinkages and deformation speeds strongly depended on the geometric design and 3D layout of the laser writing patterns of Ag nanoparticles inside the microgels. In particular, femtosecond laser incorporation enhanced the recovery speed by more than twice in comparison with the gels containing nanoparticles over the entire region. Laser direct incorporation allows for the control of the 3D position and extent and response speeds of gel deformation.
Differentiable model-based adaptive optics with transmitted and reflected light
Authors: Vishniakou Ivan , Seelig Johannes D.
Published: August 2020

Aberrations limit optical systems in many situations, for example when imaging in biological tissue. Machine learning offers novel ways to improve imaging under such conditions by learning inverse models of aberrations. Learning requires datasets that cover a wide range of possible aberrations, which however becomes limiting for more strongly scattering samples, and does not take advantage of prior information about the imaging process. Here, we show that combining model-based adaptive optics with the optimization techniques of machine learning frameworks can find aberration corrections with a small number of measurements. Corrections are determined in a transmission configuration through a single aberrating layer and in a reflection configuration through two different layers at the same time. Additionally, corrections are not limited by a predetermined model of aberrations (such as combinations of Zernike modes). Focusing in transmission can be achieved based only on reflected light, compatible with an epidetection imaging configuration.
Laguerre-Gaussian transform for rotating image processing
Authors: Wei Dan , Ma Jiantao , Wang Tianxin , Xu Chuan , Zhu Shining , Xiao Min , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2020

In practical applications, it is often crucial to track high-speed rotating objects. However, the traditional Fourier transform techniques are not applicable under such circumstances because the Fourier spectrum of a rotating object is changing. Here, we propose a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) transform to analyze the rotating object. The rotation provides a feasible way to acquire a LG-mode spectrum, which does not change even the object working at a high rotating speed. By analyzing the LG spectrum, one can perform image processing such as reconstruction, edge enhancement, and pattern replication. The LG transform makes it convenient for real-time monitoring of industrial and astronomical objects.
Neo-Confederates take their stand: Southern Agrarians and the Civil War
Authors: Munro Niall
Published: August 2020

Ninety years ago, a group of twelve Southern intellectuals published I’ll Take My Stand, a manifesto dedicated to reviving Southern values and ideals in direct opposition to Northern industrialism and philosophy. Ever since 1930, the Southern Agrarians have been frequently presented as critics of modern life, but this kind of focus overshadows another way in which they were described in those early days: as neo-Confederates. The Agrarians’ ongoing and wide-ranging engagement with the Civil War – especially in the work of Allen Tate and Donald Davidson – was, I argue, hugely significant for the planning and writing of the manifesto. Examining the ways in which these writers used the war also shows how they sought to retard modernist progress, embrace failure as an element of Lost Cause ideology, and distort the temporal shape of Civil War memory. Furthermore, I show here how bound up in the manifesto and related writing by its contributors is a commitment to white supremacy and violence – a kind of fanatical dedication that speaks to events in the United States today.
Toxic masculinity in American politics: Donald Trump’s tweeting activity in the US presidential election (2016)
Authors: Pizarro-Sirera Margalida
Published: August 2020

In the US presidential election of 2016, Donald Trump’s connection with his voters marked the history of American politics by electing a political outsider to the White House. Under a feminist scope, this article examines Donald Trump’s Twitter account. The central purpose of this article is threefold: first, to scrutinize Trump’s tweeting activity and his dissemination of hegemonic toxic masculinity through this platform; second, to assess the unfavourable representation of Hillary Clinton’s decentred femininity and third, to examine how Trump’s performative toxic masculinity immediately connected with his voters’ cultural capital via Twitter. Finally, through an analysis of the impact of Trump’s tweets on his followers, the findings from this study will highlight that Clinton’s decentred gender performativity and Trump’s shared capital with his voters may well have been a fundamental tenet of Donald Trump’s victory.
James Ellroy: Demon Dog of Crime Fiction, Steven Powell (2016)
Authors: D’haen Theo
Published: August 2020

Review of: James Ellroy: Demon Dog of Crime Fiction, Steven Powell (2016)

Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 225 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13749-082-7, h/bk, £79.99
The symbiotic relationship between puppetry and disability: The emergence of a strong contemporary visual language
Authors: Fisher Emma
Published: August 2020

This article will discuss how the puppet’s body is the perfect vessel to reclaim the voices of those that have been ‘othered’. It examines the history of the fractured puppet and the emergence of disability-affirmative puppet theatre in the twenty-first century, exploring the puppet’s ability to fracture, reform and move in new and exciting ways that allow different approaches of expression; these seek to challenge how the body, the puppeteer and the puppet are viewed. I will examine how puppet plays, A Square World, Meet Fred, The Iron Man and my own show Pupa, represent disability through puppets’ bodies in new and interesting ways. Through the use of the puppet’s body, these shows seek to shine a light on the absurdity of an exclusive world and make us question the cultural constructions around the disabled and puppet body.
Towards disabled futures: Non-realist embodiment in puppetry1
Authors: Kuppers Petra
Published: August 2020

This article engages disability puppetry as plays of transactional object relations, opening into speculative realms, articulating new alignments of embodied and enminded difference. The examples here range from hospital practices via art/life pain-related somatic explorations to experimental poetics of classroom and gallery installations, and from there to small local theatres working in collaboration with mental health service providers. In all of these sites, disability and puppetry have much to say to one another, offering connection and new forms of meaning-making, using non-realist conventions to make new worlds in which disability stays present.
Training the animator anew: Developing cross-disciplinary opportunities for puppetry in arts, health and education1
Authors: Prior Ross W.
Published: August 2020

This positioning article explores a reimagining within the field of applied theatre where through the medium of puppetry, the art and artist may become one as a way of healing. Building upon conceptual principles of animism, transference and embodiment, it is proposed that puppeteer training be usefully integrated into the higher education applied arts and health curriculum as an extension to existing programmes. Value is given to the metaphorical use of the puppet in both education and therapy. It is proposed that puppeteers may gain value from engaging with cross-disciplinary art-based research as a way to further understand puppetry’s uses and furthering their own practices.
It’s not me! It’s him! Interactive puppet play to help children cope
Authors: Linn Susan
Published: August 2020

Puppetry has been described as one of the most valuable and least understood of all tools for play therapy. This article describes the author’s experience using puppets to help children facing serious illness and hospitalization. One lens for understanding why puppetry is such a powerful therapeutic tool is informed by psychodynamic theory, especially object relations, in particular D. W. Winnicott’s writings on play, as well as the seminal work of Anna Freud and Melanie Klein in describing the psychological phenomena of projection and identification. In this context, the article explores, and gives examples of, the characteristics of therapeutic puppet play that facilitate mastery, modelling and self-expression.
‘Withness’: Creative spectating for residents living with advanced dementia in care homes
Authors: Astell-Burt Caroline , McNally Theresa , Collard-Stokes Gemma , Irons Yoon
Published: August 2020

Aiming to illustrate the potential for puppetry as a useful resource in dementia care, the authors argue unusually that play with puppets derives not particularly from drama or theatre, but fundamentally from the performative relationship people have with objects. The puppeteers of the study achieved remarkable emotional connection with care-home residents through an experience of puppetry, which dissolved the unitary autonomy of the puppet, recontextualizing it relationally as the puppeteer-with-puppet-with-spectator. It is this ‘withness’ that ignited the creative spark of presence of the residents. For a moment of trust and child-like joy kinaesthetic memories stirred in them, appearing to break down emotional barriers between the person and the world around them and indicating comparatively longer-term therapeutic benefits.
Puppet theatre: A way to tell what cannot be told and to face pain
Authors: Markovits Andrea
Published: August 2020

Processes of artistic reparation and memory recovery are spaces created for victims of state terrorism and family members of the disappeared in the context of the military dictatorship in Chile (1973–90). Puppet therapy was utilized as a methodology by the company Puppets in Transit with participants drawn from Integrated Health Services in Chile in relation to reparation projects. This process of intervention with puppets seeks to restore social bonds, to enable an intergenerational dialogue and to transmit fragmented memory. The puppet, an expressive, symbolic and mediating object, stimulates a collective dialogue to create collective performance related to participants’ memories. All those mentioned in this article have given permission for their stories to be mentioned; we use only first names.
The truth behind the screen: Digital shadows in the time of pandemic
Authors: Kent Lynne
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges of communicating digitally to the fore as people turn almost solely to their digital screens for connection and collaboration. In doing so, such as through web conferencing, we open up our living spaces to others, revealing parts of our lives heretofore we could keep hidden. In this article, I will describe ‘Interior’, a live Zoom shadow puppet performance by Australian puppet theatre collective, The Jill Collective, as an example of a deliberate response to COVID-19 pandemic isolation and social distancing restrictions. I offer the practice of traditional Wayang architecture of the shadow screen as a surface to physically work on, in, behind and through, as well as the screen as metaphorical façade or gateway as a unique theoretical and practical approach to digital performance.
STRUKTUR VEGETASI DAN SIMPANAN KARBON HUTAN RAKYAT DESA SAMBAK, MAGELANG, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Zulkarnaen Rizmoon Nurul
Published: August 2020

Hutan rakyat adalah hutan yang dikembangkan di lahan milik masyarakat dan bukan di kawasan hutan. Keragaman tumbuhan penyusun hutan rakyat bergantung pada kepentingan masing-masing pemilik lahan. Salah satu praktik hutan rakyat yang lestari berada di Desa Sambak, Kecamatan Kajoran, Kabupaten Magelang. Hal tersebut terlihat dari tingkat partisipasi penduduk yang tinggi dalam menanam tanaman hutan di lahan-lahan mereka. Namun demikian, informasi tentang vegetasi-vegetasi penyusun yang ditanam dalam praktik hutan rakyat tersebut masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam upaya mengungkap praktik hutan rakyat di Desa Sambak. Selain itu, penghitungan simpanan karbon di hutan rakyat tersebut juga dilakukan dalam upaya mengungkap peranan hutan rakyat dalam penyerapan karbon. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode transek dengan plot pengamatan berukuran 20x20 m dengan jarak antar plot 50 m. Metode penghitungan simpanan karbon menggunakan metode non-destruktif yaitu dengan cara menaksir simpanan karbon berdasarkan diameter dan tinggi pohon. Komposisi tumbuhan penyusun vegetasi hutan rakyat tersebut terdiri atas 24 jenis dari 16 suku. Vegetasi penyusun hutan rakayat tersebut didominasi oleh Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin. Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan penghitungan indeks nilai kepentingan tertinggi yang dicapai oleh Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin (70.67), Swietenia macrophylla King (52.18), Cocos nucifera L. (37.53), dan Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (25.21). Namun, dalam penghitungan simpanan karbon menunjukan bahwa potensi simpanan karbon tertinggi dimiliki oleh Cocos nucifera L. yaitu 1034,07 ton C/ha. Adapun simpanan karbon total hutan rakyat Desa Sambak sebesar 3499,89 ton C/ha.
Stability Control of Double Inverted Pendulum on a Cart using Full State Feedback with H infinity and H 2 Controllers
Authors: Jibril Mustefa , Tadese Messay , Degefa Reta
Published: August 2020

In this paper a full state feedback control of a double inverted pendulum on a cart (DIPC) are designed and compared. Modeling is based on Euler-Lagrange equations derived by specifying a Lagrangian, difference between kinetic and potential energy of the DIPC system. A full state feedback control with H infinity and H 2 is addressed. Two approaches are tested: open loop impulse response and a double inverted pendulum on a cart with full state feedback H infinity and H 2 controllers. Simulations reveal superior performance of the double inverted pendulum on a cart with full state feedback H infinity controller.
Design & Control of a Gantry Crane System with Limited Payload Angle using Robust & State Feedback Controllers
Authors: Jibril Mustefa , Tadese Messay , Degefa Reta
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the performance improvement of a payload angle deflection of a gantry crane has been studied and simulated using Matlab/Simulink toolbox successfully. H 2 optimal and observer based controllers has been used to minimize the payload angular deflection by controlling the trolley position. The gantry crane has been compared with the proposed controllers to track the reference trolley position using step and sine wave signals and a promising results have been achieved.
SLEEP AND IMMUNITY
Authors: Giffoni Francinete Alves de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Sleep has been reported in several studies as an important function of the organism, as well as its deprivation as harmful to the production of defense cells, which affects our immunity.  It is also demonstrated in the literature that sleep is fundamental for the metabolism of free radicals and for the body to be able to restore cardiorespiratory functions.  The weakened immune system implies an increase in the chances of contracting infectious diseases, in addition to having difficulty recovering from relatively simple illnesses such as colds and flu.  This study discusses sleep and its implications for organismic immunity.  The results highlighted the need to perform sleep hygiene, defined as the change from dysfunctional patterns to a new organization of habits and activities that allow better sleep induction and quality. Keywords: Sleep;  Immunity;  Quality of life.
Libras um Instrumento Facilitador: A Importância do Psicólogo Organizacional na Inclusão de Pessoas Surdas dentro das Organizações / Libras as a Facilitating Tool: The Importance of the Organizational Psychologist in the Inclusion of Deaf People within Organizations
Authors: Silva Najara Oliveira , Maranhão Thércia Lucena Grangeiro , Nunes Ginete Cavalcante
Published: August 2020

A Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) é a língua utilizada pelas pessoas surdas, como forma de comunicação, haja vista, sua impossibilidade oral, devido ao fato destes não escutarem e, portanto, terem uma maior dificuldade em desenvolver a oralidade. Desta forma, levando em consideração a Era da Inclusão, é importante a integração do surdo nos mais diversos ambientes, sendo um deles o ambiente de trabalho. O psicólogo organizacional por sua vez, deve atentar para o trabalho no processo de socialização do surdo neste ambiente. Buscando compreender as dificuldades e potencialidades do surdo, bem como dos demais trabalhadores, no processo de integração entre ambos,esse trabalho objetiva estudar, a Libras como importante ferramenta utilizada pelo profissional de psicologia para a inclusão de pessoas surdas na organização. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, trabalhando com autores que versam sobre a temática da psicologia organizacional, inclusão de pessoas com deficiência e surdez. Verificou-se que se trata de temáticas frequentemente estudadas, porém separadamente, não se fazendo nenhuma relação entre as duas, abrindo espaço à discussão sobre o tema. Sendo, portanto, necessários mais estudos sobre a Libras como ferramenta de apoio para o psicólogo em um processo de inserção do deficiente auditivo na organização.
O Uso das Tecnologias nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva para Adultos pela Equipe de Enfermagem: Uma Revisão Integrativa / The Use of Technologies in the Adult Intensive Care Unit by the Nursing Team: An Integrative Review
Authors: Ferreira Ana Karolina Dos Santos , Santos Tâmyssa Simões dos
Published: August 2020

Identifcar através de uma revisão da literatura o uso das tecnologias presentes nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva pela equipe de enfermagem e o impacto no trabalho. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta de dados foi realizada com artigos no período entre 2009 e 2019 nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). A amostra do estudo foi composta por 10 artigos, sendo mais predominante o estudo de abordagem quantitativa (50%). Houve predomínio dos estudos em menção às tecnologias de UTI e a assistência/cuidado de enfermagem em UTI. Concluiu-se que as tecnologias inseridas no ambiente de terapia intensiva voltadas ao cuidado de enfermagem são diversificadas e com objetivos distintos, sendo necessária a realização de estudos futuros abordando novidades no âmbito tecnológico assistencial.
Prevalência e Características de Lesões na Prática de Musculação / Prevalence and characteristics of Injuries in Bodybuilding Practice
Authors: Santana Hiesus Matheus Sena , Silva Bismarque Pereira da , Sampaio Leonardo Costa
Published: August 2020

Nos dias de hoje, a busca do exercício físico vem crescendo cada vez mais, o praticante tem como objetivo um corpo mais saudável, melhor condicionado, com boa aparência e livre de doenças, sem se preocupar com possíveis lesões que pode ser geradas devido à pressa de ter um corpo perfeito. A lesão gerada na prática de musculação é devido à negligência por parte dos praticantes, falta de um acompanhamento adequado e falta de prevenção de lesões dentro das academias. Esse estudo tem como propósito relatar sobre as lesões ocasionadas na pratica da musculação, alertando os praticantes sobre tais negligências que podem gerar lesões. Os artigos a serem usados nesse trabalho foram disponíveis nas plataformas de dados online: SCIELO, Google acadêmico e PUBMED nos idiomas português e inglês, escolhido de acordo o ano de publicação – 2010 a 2020. Foram selecionados 25 artigos que se encaixaram nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão desse trabalho. Conclui-se que o acompanhamento adequado de profissionais de educação físicas e fisioterapeutas são de fundamental importância para prevenção de lesões. Palavras-chave: musculação; academia; lesão.
Reflexões Acerca da Gravidez na Adolescência / Reflections On Pregnancy In Adolescence
Authors: Oliveira Antonia Jussara Olinda , Santos Agostinho Porfírio dos , Santos Rosely Leyliane Dos
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar reflexão acerca da gravidez na adolescência. Trata-se de um artigo de reflexão. Os resultados evidenciaram que a gravidez na adolescência tem implicações nas dimensões físicas e sociais tanto para a adolescente, sua família e seu feto. Com isso, surge a importância de se trabalhar a promoção da saúde, com os adolescentes, para promover saúde e qualidade de vida. Reconhece-se a importância da atuação da equipe multi e interdisciplinar de profissionais de saúde à promoção à saúde dos adolescentes. A reflexão apresentada permite considerar que há necessidade de discussões sobre a gravidez na adolescência, dada a complexidade de fatores que envolvem o tema. Destaca-se que há necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos estudos relacionado à temática para que possibilitem uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre o assunto.