bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Improvement of Cattle (Bos taurus) in the Cities of Roman Lusitania Some Preliminary Results
Authors: Detry Cleia , Valenzuela-Lamas Silvia , Davis Simon , Pires Ana Elisabete , Ginja Catarina
Published: June 2022

Studies undertaken several years ago indicated little change in cattle size in Portugal before the fifteenth century AD, indeed even Roman cattle were not very different from preceding Iron Age ones. The Roman province of Lusitania com- prised the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day central and southern Portugal and Spanish Extremad- ura). Here we present some evidence of cattle size increase in the newly founded Lusitanian Roman cities, that is, those with no previous occupation. These cities include, for example, Emerita Augusta (Mérida, Spain) and ancient Ammaia (near Marvão, Portugal). We compare their measurements with those from smaller Roman towns and sites from other periods. Our hypothesis is that the size increase reflects better nourishment or the presence of different cattle morpho- types (by selection or introduction of new animals). Osteometric analyses suggest that cattle from the main Roman cities were generally bigger in Roman newly founded cities, contrary to sites with pre-Roman occupation. Innovations could have been implemented via the import of new stock and/or new breeding strategies.
Ethnoarchaeology of Cattle and Humans among Selected Communities in Manicaland, Eastern Zimbabwe
Authors: Shenjere-Nyabezi Plan
Published: June 2022

This chapter presents the results of ethnoarchaeological research conducted among selected communities in Mani- caland, eastern Zimbabwe, to establish a clearer understanding of the relationship between farming communities and their cattle within economic and, more importantly, socio-cultural, ritual, spiritual, and political spheres. Against this background, this research collected and analyzed specific data relating to the communities’ relationships, understand- ings, and meanings of their association with cattle. Data were gathered from the Hwesa in the northeast, the Manyika who occupy the central part, and the Ndau, Sangwe, and Shangaani found in the southeast of Manicaland. The results show how cattle have been and continue to be exploited, and have various meanings among the communities. This work also highlights the less obvious meanings imbedded in the relationships between humans and cattle. These provide a framework for a more informed and comprehensive reading of the faunal remains from archaeological sites. In the final analysis, it is noted and emphasized that the faunal remains that we recover from the archaeological record carry mul- tiple identities and meanings that archaeologists should consider, although some of these are not immediately apparent.
Real presence under digital conditions?
Authors: Bauer Dorothee , Tück Jan-Heiner
Published: June 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Christians were prevented from receiving the Eucharist for the first time in history due to the suspension of public church services. Various digital liturgical offers such as live-stream services were developed and improved to compensate for this loss. Discussing the pastoral chances and theological limits of digitalization in religious contexts, the authors conclude that physical participation in the Eucharistic liturgy cannot be substituted by virtual offers. Regarding the often-distorted perception of time during the pandemic, they highlight the therapeutic dimension of the Eucharist, in which the past, present, and future are interwoven (signum rememorativum, signum demonstrativum, and signum prognosticum). To realize the gift of the Eucharist and to gain a new awareness of the salutary and transforming presence of Christ, the authors point to the practice of Eucharistic adoration, which nevertheless remains oriented towards the communal celebration of the Eucharist and the real encounter with Christ in Communion.
This is my Body ...
Authors: Deeg Alexander
Published: June 2022

In times of the Covid-19 pandemic, many congregations had to stop celebrating the Eucharist or find new ways to do so – one of these being online Eucharist services in synchronous and diachronous settings. The article describes developments in the Protestant Churches of Germany and shows that the interplay of theology and church practices is essential. On the background of the fundamental dialectics of absence and presence in (Christian) liturgy and Luther’s writings on the Lord’s Supper, the article proposes two axes that open up a ‘field’ of diverse ritual practices: community and gift. Many different ways of celebrating the Lord’s Supper seem to be possible in this field – also celebrations in synchronous digital settings (video conferences). The Covid-19 crisis is seen as a chance to rethink sacramental theology and ways of celebration – in the context of a permanent change of liturgical practices.
Making the road as we go...
Authors: Kordon Diana , Lagos Darío
Published: June 2022

From the early beginnings of the psychological assistance team of Madres de la Plaza de Mayo, the authors reflect on the challengesworking during the Argentinian dictatorship and the importance of emerging international networks of exchanged support.
Operational psychology, professional ethics, and democracy: A challenge for our time
Authors: Soldz Stephen
Published: June 2022

The post-9/11 US torture program brought attention to the critical roles of health professionals generally and of psychologists more particularly in the modern administration of torture. Over a decade of controversy in the American Psychological Association (APA) and an independent investigation finding APA collusion with the Bush administration’s torture and coercive interrogation programs led to 2015 policies restricting the activities of psychologists in national security interrogations and illegal detention sites like Guantanamo. This controversy expanded to evaluation of a broader set of issues regarding the ethical roles of psychologists in furthering military and intelligence operations, or what has become known as operational psychology. Controversy over the extent to which operational psychology activities are consistent with psychological ethics has expanded since 2015 with critics calling for policies restraining operational psychologists from involvement in activities that cause greater than trivial unstipulated harm, lack informed consent, or are absent plausible independent ethical monitoring (due, for instance to information classification). Operational psychologists have pushed back against any constraints on their actions other than US law and government regulations. This debate also raises a broader issue, are there limitations on the extent to which we as members of democratic societies can tolerate the use of psychological science and expertise to manipulate unwitting people?
Crossing Numbers of Beyond-Planar Graphs Revisited
Authors: Van Beusekom Nathan , Parada Irene , Speckmann Bettina
Published: June 2022

Graph drawing beyond planarity focuses on drawings of high visual quality for non-planar graphs which are characterized by certain forbidden (edge) crossing configurations. A natural criterion for the quality of a drawing is the number of edge crossings. The question then arises whether beyond-planar drawings have a significantly larger crossing number than unrestricted drawings. Chimani et al. [GD'19] gave bounds for the ratio between the crossing number of three classes of beyond-planar graphs and the unrestricted crossing number. In this paper we extend their results to the main currently known classes of beyond-planar graphs characterized by forbidden edge configurations and answer several of their open questions.
Upward planar drawings with two slopes
Authors: Klawitter Jonathan , Mchedlidze Tamara
Published: June 2022

In an upward planar 2-slope drawing of a digraph,
edges are drawn as straight-line segments in the upward direction
without crossings using only two different slopes.
We investigate whether a given upward planar digraph admits such a drawing
and, if so, how to construct it.
For the fixed embedding scenario, we give a simple characterisation
and a linear-time construction by adopting algorithms from orthogonal drawings.
For the variable embedding scenario, we describe a linear-time algorithm for single-source digraphs,
a quartic-time algorithm for series-parallel digraphs,
and a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for general digraphs.
For the latter two classes, we make use of SPQR-trees and the notion of upward spirality.
As an application of this drawing style,
we show how to draw an upward planar phylogenetic network with two slopes
such that all leaves lie on a horizontal line.
Review of amiodarone side effects in one case
Authors:   Kaposi Mór Educational Hospital Kaposvár, Barta Barbara Alexandra , Nagy Linda , Kovács Alíz , Hegedűs Géza , Battyáni Zita
Published: June 2022

The authors describe the case of an 80-year-old male patient suffering from multiple skin tumours, currently undergoing dermatological care. In addition bluish discolouration on his face was observed which appeared after five years of starting amiodarone treatment. Amiodarone medication was introduced after atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia. Histological examination suggested pigmentation caused by amiodarone in the tissue. Following the literature overview, the authors describe the process inducing the symptoms in detail, and focus on the broad array of adverse effects of amiodarone, a widely used and highly efficient antiarrhytmic drug.
Dermatomyositis associated to adenocarcinoma of the lung in patient treated adalimumab – a case report
Authors:   Hungarian Defense Forces Medical Center Budapest, Barna Tímea , Kása-Kovács Adrienn , Zámolyi Szilvia , Vajda Adrienne
Published: June 2022

A 63-year-old woman is presented who was hospitalized with generalized skin lesions and progressive proximal muscle weakness. In her medical history there was a long term adalimumab treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Laboratory results presented high creatin kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes. Chest-, abdomen and pelvis CT scan showed a mass in the right lung and in the mediastinum. Histology verified adenocarcinoma of the lung. As clinical findings, laboratory results and medical imaging results confirmed tumor associated dermatomyositis, parenteral steroid and methotrexate medication was initiated. Further examniation and treatment were performed on pulmonology department. In the cases of dermatomyositis tumor search is crucial. Chronic inflammation is related to carcinogenesis. The relationship between tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor treatment and cancer risk is not clear, however patients with active or prior cancer, or those with high risk for developing cancer should be treated with special attention.
ILNEB syndrome, integrin α3 mutation with epidermolysis bullosa, kidney and pulmonary involvements
Authors:   University of Pécs Medical School Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Kinyó Ágnes , Gyulai Rolland
Published: June 2022

Four major subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) are defined according to the level of skin cleavage: EB simplex, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and the Kindler syndrome. Mucocutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations are described in all EB types, especially in junctional EB. Interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome and EB (ILNEB syndrome) caused by integrin α3 (ITGA3) mutation was first described in 2012, but further novel mutations of the gene were detected throughout the last decade. The clinical spectrum of the disorder comprises a range from severe extracutaneous manifestation with premature lethality to solely cutaneous fragility
Simulation of random photon loss in boson sampling of different optical networks
Authors: Ji Yang , Chen Mei-Ling , Huang Xun , Wu Yong-Zheng , Lan Bing ,   The 32 nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shanghai 201808, China
Published: June 2022

Boson sampling is a candidate for quantum protocols to truly realize the quantum computation advantage and to be used in advanced fields where complex computations are needed, such as quantum chemistry. However, this proposal is hard to achieve due to the existence of noise sources such as photon losses. In order to quantificationally analyze the influences of photon losses in optical networks, boson sampling is classically simulated based on the equivalent beam splitter mechanism, where the photon loss happening in optical units is equivalent to the photon transmission into the environmental paths through a virtual beam splitter. In our simulation, networks corresponding to random unitary matrices are made up, considering both the Reck structure and the Clements structure. The photon loss probability in an optical unit is well controlled by adjusting the parameters of the virtual beam splitter. Therefore, to simulate boson sampling with photon losses in optical networks is actually to simulate ideal boson sampling with more modes. It is found that when the photon loss probability is constant, boson sampling with Clements structures distinctly performs much better than that with Reck structures. Furthermore, the photon loss probability is also set to follow the normal distribution, which is thought to be closer to the situation in reality. It is found that when the mean value of photon loss probability is constant, for both network structures, errors of outputs become more obvious with the increase of standard deviation. It can be inferred that the increase of error rate can be explained by the network depth and the conclusion is suitable for larger-scale boson sampling. Finally, the number of output photons is taken into consideration, which is directly related to the classical computation complexity. It is found that with the photon loss probability, the ratio of output combinations without photon losses decreases sharply, implying that photon losses can obviously affect the quantum computation advantage of boson sampling. Our results indicate that photon losses can result in serious errors for boson sampling, even with a stable network structure such as that of Clements. This work is helpful for boson sampling experiments in reality and it is desired to develop a better protocol, for example, a well-designed network or excellent optical units, to well suppress photon losses.
Narrowing the absorption linewidth and its limitation in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system
Authors: Di Feng-Qing , Jia Ning , Qian Jing ,   School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China,   Public Experiment Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: June 2022

Depending on a four-level inverted-Y atomic system, we demonstrate the limitation of linewidth-narrowing for the probe absorption spectrum in the electromagnetic induced absorption platform. Thanks to the use of an auxiliary control field which couples one hyperfine ground state and one middle-excited state we show that the linewidth limitation can be constrained by a coherence decay rate between two hyperfine ground states, rather than by the decay rate between the ground and the excited states as in previous Ladder schemes. That fact makes the theoretically-predicted absorption linewidth at least two orders of magnitude narrower. By using a suitable adjustment for the control-field amplitude and the detuning we numerically show that an extremely-narrowed probe absorption spectrum accompanied by a higher spectra contrast can be obtained, which confirms well with our theoretical predictions. We study the transient time response to the absorption spectrum and show that a relatively longer response time arises due to the small coherence decay rate between two hyperfine ground states. Furthermore, we reduce the influence on linewidth-narrowing from the Doppler effect via an optimized design of lasers, and reveal that no Doppler-free effect exists due to the lack of three-photon process. Our results may pave a route to the development of high-resolution spectroscopy in current experiments.
Spatial domain sparse reconstruction algorithm of sheared beam imaging
Authors: Chen Ming-Lai , Liu Hui , Zhang Yu , Luo Xiu-Juan , Ma Cai-Wen , Yue Ze-Lin , Zhao Jing ,   Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China
Published: June 2022

Sheared beam imaging (SBI) is considered a computational imaging technique that transmits three sheared coherent laser beamlets for illumination, and a sensor array to receive the intensity of the speckle pattern reflected from the target. The SBI can be used to image remote objects through a turbulent medium with no need of any adaptive optics. However, while imaging low-orbit moving targets, the number of detectors of sensor array required by the receiving system of SBI is very large, and the development of sensor array is difficult and costly. In this work, a spatial domain sparse sampling technique is proposed for the SBI system through transmitting five laser beamlets to illuminate the target carrying more of its spectral information, which can reduce the number of detectors of the sensor array. Firstly, the principle of the sparse imaging technique is deduced. Then, a sparse reconstruction algorithm is studied. The phase difference and amplitude information of the target in the echo signal after sparse sampling can be extracted accurately by searching for the accurate positions of the beat frequency components. The wavefront phases can be demodulated by the least-squares method, and wavefront amplitude can be obtained by the algebraic operation of speckle amplitude. The reconstructed wavefront is used to formulate the two-dimension image of the target. Theoretically, without affecting the resolution, the number of detectors of the sensor array can be reduced to half of the traditional three-beam method, which breaks through the limitation that the detector spacing of sensor array is equal to the shear length of beamlet. From the simulation results, when the number of detectors of the sensor array is reduced by 50%, the proposed sparse reconstruction algorithm has almost the same quality as the reconstructed image with the traditional three-beam method.
Mechanical performance analysis of nanocrystalline CoNiCrFeMn high entropy alloy: atomic simulation method
Authors: Chen Jing-Jing , Qiu Xiao-Lin , Li Ke , Zhou Dan , Yuan Jun-Jun ,   School of Mechanical and Eelectrical Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330044, China,   College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330044, China
Published: June 2022

Physical property and material mechanical performance of nanocrystalline (single crystal, polycrystalline) CoNiCrFeMn alloy can be known well through an in-depth understanding of the micro-evaluation behaviour of micro dislocation, so that it can better be used in defense fields, such as nuclear reactor cladding tubes, aircraft engines, jet turbine blades and others. In this paper we propose to study the correlation between micro-structure evolution and mechanical properties for nanocrystalline CoNiCrFeMn high entropy alloy. The force driven material deformation behaviors and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline alloy and Ni material are studied by using the nanoindentation method, and effects of temperature on the mechanical properties and micro-structure evolution are compared as well. Research results show that the mechanical properties (maximum load, hardness, Young’s modulus and contact stiffness) of single crystal alloy are superior to those of single crystal Ni, which mainly stems from the fact that the single crystal high entropy alloy with a drum-shape structure is produced under loading period, and the slip and expansion of dislocations in the bulge structure are blocked. At a low temperature (5 K), the maximum load, hardness, Young's modulus and contact stiffness of polycrystalline Ni decrease by 28.9%, 20.27%, 32.61% and 36.4% respectively in comparison with those of single crystal Ni. The maximum load, hardness, Young's modulus and contact stiffness of polycrystalline CoNiCrFeMn material decrease by 21.74%, 23.61%, 23.79% and 22.90% respectively with respect to those of single CoNiCrFeMn high entropy alloy. In addition, the mechanical properties of polycrystalline alloy are more sensitive to temperature than those of single crystal high entropy alloy, whose mechanical properties decrease approximately linearly with temperature increasing. For polycrystalline CoNiCrFeMn and Ni material, the grain boundary is not merely the origin region of dislocation breeding, expansion and reproduction, but also the concentration region of defect initiation, crack expansion and failure. Its mechanical properties are weaker than those of single crystal materials due to micro-structure evolution of grain boundaries driven from stress concentration and defects existence.
Optimization of photonic reservoir computing using short internal cavity laser
Authors: Zhao Tong , Xie Wen-Li , Xu Jun-Wei , Jia Zhi-Wei ,   Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,   College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Published: June 2022

With the advent of the high-speed information age and the explosive growth of the information, higher requirements have been placed on the information processing speed. In recent years, the delay-based reservoir computing (RC) systems have been extensively investigated. Meanwhile, the information processing rate is improved mainly around the replacement of nonlinear nodes in the system. Nevertheless, as the most commonly used distributed feedback semiconductor (DFB) laser, many researchers only use ordinary commercial DFB products for research, and they have not noticed the improvement of RC performance caused by changes in internal parameters of laser. With the development of photonic integration technology, the processing technology of DFB turns more mature, so that the size of DFB can be fabricated in a range of 100 μm–1 mm when it still generates laser, and the photon lifetime of the laser will also change. The shorter photon lifetime in the laser leads to a faster dynamic response, which has the potential to process the information at a higher rate in the RC system. According to the laser rate equation (Lang-Kobayashi), changing the internal cavity length will affect the feedback strength, injection strength and other parameters required for the laser to enter into each dynamic state, which in turn affects the parameter space required for the RC system to exhibit high performance. According to this, we study the relationship between the internal cavity length (120 μm–900 μm) and the information processing rate of the RC system. In addition, the influences of different internal cavity lengths on the parameter space of the RC system are analyzed. The results show that when the internal cavity length is in a range from 120 μm to 171 μm, the system can achieve 20-Gbps low-error information processing. It is worth noting that when the internal cavity length decreases from 600 μm to 128 μm, the parameter space with better prediction performance of the RC system is greatly improved. When performing the Santa-Fe chaotic time series prediction task, the normalized mean square error (NMSE) is less than 0.01, and the parameter range of the injection strength is increased by about 22%. The range of parameter with NMSE no more than 0.1 is improved by nearly 40% for the 10th order nonlinear auto-regressive moving average (NARMA-10) task. When the number of virtual nodes is 50, the system can achieve a high-precision prediction for the above two tasks. This is of great significance for the practical development of the system.
Notes on efficient computation of Ramanujan cubic equations
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Shiue Peter J.-S. , Shannon Anthony G. ,   Warrane College, University of New South Wales, Huang Shen C. ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Reyes Jorge E. ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Published: June 2022

This paper considers properties of a theorem of Ramanujan to develop properties and algorithms related to cubic equations. The Ramanujan cubics are related to the Cardano cubics and Padovan recurrence relations. These generate cubic identities related to heptagonal triangles and third order recurrence relations, as well as an algorithm for finding the real root of the relevant Ramanujan cubic equation. The algorithm is applied to, and analyzed for, some of the earlier examples in the paper.
The metabolome of Mexican cavefish shows a convergent signature highlighting sugar, antioxidant, and Ageing-Related metabolites
Authors: Medley J Kyle , Persons Jenna , Biswas Tathagata , Olsen Luke , Peuß Robert , Krishnan Jaya , Xiong Shaolei , Rohner Nicolas
Published: June 2022

Insights from organisms, which have evolved natural strategies for promoting survivability under extreme environmental pressures, may help guide future research into novel approaches for enhancing human longevity. The cave-adapted Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, has attracted interest as a model system for metabolic resilience, a term we use to denote the property of maintaining health and longevity under conditions that would be highly deleterious in other organisms (Figure 1). Cave-dwelling populations of Mexican tetra exhibit elevated blood glucose, insulin resistance and hypertrophic visceral adipocytes compared to surface-dwelling counterparts. However, cavefish appear to avoid pathologies typically associated with these conditions, such as accumulation of advanced-glycation-end-products (AGEs) and chronic tissue inflammation. The metabolic strategies underlying the resilience properties of A. mexicanus cavefish, and how they relate to environmental challenges of the cave environment, are poorly understood. Here, we provide an untargeted metabolomics study of long- and short-term fasting in two A. mexicanus cave populations and one surface population. We find that, although the metabolome of cavefish bears many similarities with pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome, cavefish also exhibit features not commonly associated with a pathological condition, and in some cases considered indicative of an overall robust metabolic condition. These include a reduction in cholesteryl esters and intermediates of protein glycation, and an increase in antioxidants and metabolites associated with hypoxia and longevity. This work suggests that certain metabolic features associated with human pathologies are either not intrinsically harmful, or can be counteracted by reciprocal adaptations. We provide a transparent pipeline for reproducing our analysis and a Shiny app for other researchers to explore and visualize our dataset.
A High Gain Antenna with DGS for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications
Authors: Olawoye T. O. , Kumar P.
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces the design of a high-gain wideband microstrip patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G communication. The proposed antenna integrates a novel defected ground structure (DGS) for achieving the wide bandwidth. The ground plane uses a triangular strip inserted into the ground plane to improve the performance of the antenna. It also uses the reflective plate to concentrate the side lobes and minimise the production of the back lobe, thereby boosting the main lobe of the radiated signal and thus increasing the gain of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna uses the FR-4 epoxy substrate with an inset feed technique in its design. The simulation and optimisation of the proposed antenna were carried out with CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna design is compact with a dimension of 28:03  23:455:35mm3 and a maximum gain and directivity of 6.21 dB and 7.56 dB respectively, with a radiation efficiency of about 80%. The proposed antenna operates from 4.921 GHz to 5.784 GHz, which covers the 4.9 GHz-5.8 GHz of the sub-6 GHz 5G communications spectrum. Fabricated and measured result of the antenna confirm simulated results.
The seasonal investigation of Symbiodiniaceae in broadcast spawning, Acropora humilis and brooding, Pocillopora cf. damicornis corals
Authors: Jandang Suppakarn , Viyakarn Voranop , Yoshioka Yuki , Shinzato Chuya , Chavanich Suchana
Published: June 2022

The density and diversity of Symbiodiniaceae associated with corals can be influenced by seasonal changes . This study provided the first annual investigation of Symbiodiniaceae density and diversity associated with Acropora humilis and Pocillopora cf. damicornis corals in the Gulf of Thailand using both zooxanthellae cell count and next-generation sequencing (ITS-1, ITS-2 regions) techniques, respectively. The results from this study indicated that zooxanthellae cell densities in both coral species differ significantly. The number of zooxanthellae was negatively correlated with the physical environment variable (light intensity). The diversity within A. humilis consisted of two genera, Cladocopium (Cspc_C3: 56.39%, C3w: 33.62%, C93type1: 4.42% and Cspf: 3.59%) and a small amount of Durusdinium (D1: 1.03%) whereas P. cf. damicornis was found to be 100% associated with Durusdinium (D1: 95.58%, D6: 1.01% and D10: 2.7%) suggesting that each coral species may select their appropriate genus/species of Symbiodiniaceae in response to local environmental stressors. The results of this study provided some information on the coral-Symbiodiniaceae relationship between seasons, which may be applied to predict the potential adaptation of corals in localized reef environments.
Above- and below-ground trait coordination in tree seedlings depend on the most limiting resource: a test comparing a wet and a dry tropical forest in Mexico
Authors: Sanaphre-Villanueva Lucía , Pineda-García Fernando , Dáttilo Wesley , Pinzón-Pérez Luisa Fernanda , Ricaño-Rocha Arlett , Paz Horacio
Published: June 2022

The study of above- and below-ground organ plant coordination is crucial for understanding the biophysical constraints and trade-offs involved in species’ performance under different environmental conditions. Environmental stress is expected to increase constraints on species trait combinations, resulting in stronger coordination among the organs involved in the acquisition and processing of the most limiting resource. To test this hypothesis, we compared the coordination of trait combinations in 94 tree seedling species from two tropical forest systems in Mexico: dry and moist. In general, we expected that the water limitation experienced by dry forest species would result in stronger leaf-stem-root coordination than light limitation experienced by moist forest species. Using multiple correlations analyses and tools derived from network theory, we found similar functional trait coordination between forests. However, the most important traits differed between the forest types. While in the dry forest the most central traits were all related to water storage (leaf and stem water content and root thickness), in the moist forest they were related to the capacity to store water in leaves (leaf water content), root efficiency to capture resources (specific root length), and stem toughness (wood density). Our findings indicate that there is a shift in the relative importance of mechanisms to face the most limiting resource in contrasting tropical forests.
The relationship between the accuracy of curling athletes’ duration judgment and delivery performance
Authors: Song Minjia , Zhao Qiwei , Du Chunhua , Zhou Chenglin , Li Ruitao
Published: June 2022

Objective

Time perception is a critical point for curling athletes to have in order to successfully complete interactions between themselves and their environment. Exploring the relationship between the accuracy of duration judgment and curling athletes’ performance is helpful to reveal the influencing factors on their performance and to provide a reference for the training of athletes’ delivery performance.

Methods

Thirty curling athletes and 30 non-athletes were recruited as participants. Using 3D modeling technology, curling videos of different situations were presented to the participants as stimulus information, and the participants were required to complete the duration judgment task. The neural activation of the participants during the entire process of duration judgment was recorded using electroencephalogram (EEG) equipment. The performance of the 30 curlers participating in the experiment was measured. Variance analyses were conducted on the collected behavioral and EEG data, and correlation and regression analyseswere conducted between behavioral data and delivery performance.

Results

The accuracy of the distance judgment of curlers was higher than that of non-curlers (P < 0.05). In the stimulus video presentation stage, the power in the alpha band of curlers was higher than that of non-athletes (P < 0.05). In the task decision stage, the power in the alpha band of curlers was higher than that of non-athletes (P < 0.05), and the power in the theta band was higher than that of non-athletes (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between the accuracy of the curlers’ perception of specific situational time intervals and the accuracy of delivery (P < 0.05). Regression analysis results were y = 3.422 + 1.415x.

Conclusion

The accuracy of curling athletes’ duration judgment is high in a specific situation. There is a correlation between the accuracy of duration judgment and delivery performance in a specific situation: the higher the accuracy of specific duration perception, the higher the performance accuracy of delivery. The cognitive strategies adopted by curlers differ from those adopted by non-athletes in the completion of duration judgment. Specifically, in a specific situation, fewer attention resources are utilized in the stimulus presentation and decision-making stages, while more memory resources are utilized in the decision-making stage to ensure higher accuracy of interval judgment. This study provides a new idea for exploring the causes of curling athletes’ excellent technical performance and provides a reference for future curling research on competition training practice. Given the limitations of mobile EEG devices in this study, future studies can measure neural activity during actual delivery preparation and execution in an environment of high ecological validity to obtain more direct evidence.
Condensation: A translation device for revealing complexity of knowledge practices in discourse, part 2—clausing and sequencing
Authors:   The University of Sydney (Australia), Maton Karl , Doran Y. J. ,   The University of Sydney (Australia)
Published: June 2022

Complexity of knowledge practices is undertheorized in education research because knowledge is often conceived cognitively. Legitimation Code Theory conceptualizes this com-plexity in terms of ‘semantic density’, which explores how meanings are interrelated within practices. This concept is becoming widely enacted in research, a flexibility that raises the question of identifying ‘semantic density’ in specific objects of study. This is the second of two papers that offer a ‘translation device’ for identifying ‘epistemic-semantic density’ (whe-re condensed meanings are formal definitions or empirical descriptions) in English discourse. The first paper (this issue) provided tools for exploring how individual words reveals different strengths of epistemic-semantic density. Those concepts revealed different degrees of com-plexity of knowledge. This paper outlines tools for exploring how the ways actors combine words reveals ‘epistemological condensation’ or strengthening of epistemic-semantic densi-ty. It provides typologies for identifying different kinds of ‘clausing’ and ‘sequencing’ and des-cribes how these types manifest varying degrees of increasing complexity. These concepts reveal different kinds of knowledge-building. Two contrasting examples, from a secondary school History classroom and a scientific research article, are analysed to illustrate the in-sights into complexity offered by the tools outlined in both papers.
Revisiting field: Specialized knowledge in secondary school science and humanities discourse
Authors:   Shanghai Jiao Tong University, (China), Martin J. R.
Published: June 2022

This paper revisits the register variable field in systemic functional linguistics (SFL), in relation to the concept of ‘semantic density’ in Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). Re-interpreta-tions of the specialized meaning construing disciplinarity are proposed, from the perspective of the ideational, interpersonal and textual metafunctions—highlighting technicality, iconi-zation and aggregation respectively. The term ‘mass’ is suggested as a cover term for these resources. The paper contributes to an ongoing dialogue between SFL and LCT in relation to research on secondary school history and biology discourse in Australian schools, an increa-singly productive exercise in transdisciplinary research.
Knowledge in your classroom: A model of analysis for specialization codes in classroom discourse
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vidal Lizama Margarita
Published: June 2022

The paper proposes a model of analysis of specialization codes in classroom discourse. This model aims to explore the nature of the knowledge being construed in the interaction between teacher and student in the classroom. The model offered emerges from the study of teaching practices in popular education in Chile. The model integrates two theoretical bod-ies: Legitimation Code Theory for understanding the organizing principles of knowledge and Systemic Functional Linguistics for exploring the meaning resources construing knowledge in classroom discourse.
Live Lectures: The Significance of Presence in Building Disciplinary Knowledge
Authors:   University of Technology (Australia), Hood Susan
Published: June 2022

Radical changes in modes of pedagogy are currently being implemented in higher edu-cation internationally. Most significantly there is a rapid movement away from face-to-face, or ‘live’ teaching in lecture mode toward online-only resources, or to ‘flipped classrooms’. The arguments mounted in support of such changes vary from economic imperatives to life-style preferences to pedagogic benefits. However, the research base in relation to the latter remains disturbingly thin. There is an overreliance on small-scale opinion survey data in the immediate context of changed practice and very little exploration of the nature of pedagogic practice in online modes or in the face-to-face lecturing they replace. Significantly lacking are attempts to tease apart the impact of technologies, modes of communication, pedagogic models and disciplinary knowledge structures in the building of knowledge. This study makes an initial contribution to this substantial project in an exploratory analysis of the dynam-ic unfolding of meaning in the spoken discourse of a face-to-face lecture in health science. The approach is trans-disciplinary, drawing both on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). Findings reveal ways in which meanings shift between the here-and-now of the shared sensible material space and elevated reflective perspectives on the field, and in doing so support the apprenticeship of students into the specialized, uncom-mon-sense knowledge of their field.
The role of mathematics in physics: Building knowledge and describing the empirical world
Authors:   The University of Sydney (Australia), Doran Y. J.
Published: June 2022

This paper considers why mathematics is used in physics. It traces the use of mathe-matics in physics through primary school, junior high school and senior high school in NSW, Australia, considering its role from the point of view of Systemic Functional Linguistics and Legitimation Code Theory. To understand the development of mathematics, two genres that play differing roles in the discipline of physics are introduced: ‘derivation’ and ‘quantifica-tion’. Through an analysis using the concepts of semantic density and semantic gravity from Legitimation Code Theory, these genres are shown to aid physics in developing new knowl-edge and linking its theory to the empirical world. This paper contributes to the growing body of research considering forms of knowledge in academic disciplines and the role of non-lin-guistic semiotic resources in organizing this knowledge.
Portfolios of Distance Education Students in Selected Colleges and Universities in Zambia
Authors: Mpolomoka Daniel L. , Chikopela Rose , Muvombo Moono M. , Matimba Mutinta N. , Banda Selina , Nherera Silas , Sampa Rex L.
Published: June 2022

This study was undertaken to establish the challenges faced by distance education students and what institutions of higher learning have put in place to ameliorate the challenges. It was undertaken in Kabwe urban District, covering three institutions: Nkrumah University, Zambian Open University and Mulungushi University simple random sampling technique was used to select the three institutions and respondents. This study used a descriptive research method, employing the use of a questionnaire and interview guide to collect data. Thematic data analysis was the predominant method employed in the study. Findings indicate that many factors in the home, school and circumstantial environments impede participation and performance of distance education students in accessing and being retained in their much-desired formal education at university and college levels. Furthermore, findings revealed that distance education students are more disadvantaged in accessing education at tertiary level due to the burden of family problems, financial problems, psychological problems, institution-related problems and pressure from work as most of them are working. Terminal illnesses and chronic illness, accidents, poverty, loss of employment (retrenchments) of guardians, parents and significant others led some to drop out of university and college, as support was not guaranteed. Others, especially with special education needs, were hindered by the policies in the institutions of learning and it was difficult to continue or complete their courses on time. The study recommended that the Government should start offering bursaries to students under distance education as such services are only provided to public government institutions only; and that higher education institutions (HEIs) should establish counseling centers in all the regional centers and employ professional counselors to attend to the needs of the students.
How to Deal with Omicron - Traditional Chinese Medicine - Enhance Human Immunity!
Authors: Jiao Fuyong , Zhang Weihuan , Hovorka Jan , Yan Xianpeng , Lu Shan , Tabarkiewicz Jacek , Gusev Alexey À.
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has been known as the part of “epidemic disease” in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine). The reason is that the human body feels the external toxin and pathogen. The pathogenesis is mainly "wet, heat, poison, stasis, deficiency" and the lesions are the principal in the spleen, lungs, and stomach. There are 4 COVID-19 waves in South Africa including ancestral variants, Beta, Delta, and Omicron. Compared COVID-19 cases of the 4 waves and found the admission rate of Omicron was 4.9%, Delta was 13.7%, and Beta was 18.9% (P<0.001). It also found that 28.8% of inpatients of Omicron were critical patients, while critical inpatients of Beta, and Delta were 60.1% and 66.9% respectively (P<0.001). The infectivity of Omicron is ten times that of Delta.  Day on Jan 17, 2022, there were about 125 million omicron infections were diagnosed in the world. The current COVID-19 epidemic situation is frustrating. Today there are still no effective vaccines and targeted therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. Fight against the epidemic diseases in China, 90% of confirmed cases have been treated with TCD. TCD can effectively relieve symptoms, shorten the course of the disease, improve the cure rate, reduce the mortality rate, and promote rehabilitation, the total effective rate is more than 90%. This unique system of TCM has opened a new avenue to fight the novel pandemic.
Distribuição funcional de renda: tendências internacionais e dificuldades de mensuração
Authors: Pereira Daisy Caroline Nascimento , Leite Fabrício Pitombo
Published: June 2022

Uma das críticas feitas à literatura econômica contemporânea que estuda a desigualdade de renda é que esta, predominantemente, estuda aspectos relacionados à distribuição pessoal de renda (DPR), esquecendo-se de se aprofundar nas questões relacionadas à distribuição funcional de renda (DFR). O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as principais dificuldades teóricas e metodológicas de mensuração da Distribuição Funcional de Renda. Diante dessas dificuldades, procuramos apresentar, a dinâmica internacional da DFR, a partir da participação da renda do trabalho na renda nacional, sob uma ótica secular e contemporânea.
Aspectos econômicos e jurídicos que cercam a relação de camponeses com empresas exploradoras de energia eólica no município de Brotas de Macaúbas – Bahia
Authors: Ribeiro Carolina Silva , Araújo Cloves dos Santos , Oliveira Gilca Garcia de , Germani Guiomar Inez
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos econômicos e jurídicos dos contratos de arrendamento para implantação de empreendimentos eólicos no município de Brotas de Macaúbas, Bahia, a fim de avaliar a relação entre os camponeses e as empresas exploradoras de energia eólica na região. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise a partir dos contratos de arrendamento disponibilizados pela Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT) e utilizados como referência os documentos da Usina Eólica Nova Canarana da empresa Statkraft disponibilizados no módulo Consulta Pública do Sistema Estadual de Informações Ambientais e de Recursos Hídricos (SEIA) do Estado da Bahia. Além da realização de encontros e oficinas com as Comunidades envolvidas. A análise apontou que os contratos apresentam diversos elementos de insegurança econômica e jurídica para as Comunidades envolvidas e aponta como pano de fundo a questão fundiária e a importância e os limites do Estado enquanto mediador destas relações.
Mudança estrutural do emprego na Bahia: dinâmica econômica e transformações produtivas recentes
Authors: Sousa Filho José Firmino de , Miranda Kécia Cristina , Fonseca Edna Silva , Caires Fernanda Oliveira Caires e
Published: June 2022

Este artigo busca discutir a evolução da participação do trabalho na economia baiana, através de uma análise da produtividade e rendimentos do trabalho a partir dos anos 2000. Para tanto, utilizou-se como proxy de produtividade os valores adicionados brutos (VAB’s) da produção setorial sobre a população ocupada de cada setor. Além disso, a discussão perpassa por fatores como o fraco desempenho educacional baiano e o rendimento real do trabalho por setor produtivo. Ressalta-se que o baixo nível educacional e de renda se constituem em grandes empecilhos para o desenvolvimento da economia baiana deixando de contribuir com movimentos capazes de refletir na qualidade da estrutura ocupacional, ganhos de rendimentos salariais, de bem-estar, dentre outros. Conclui-se que o emprego formal na Bahia pouco evoluiu em termos de produtividade e o rendimento real dos salários voltou a decrescer após 2013.