bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate identity: an evolving discipline
Authors: Schmidt Klaus
Published: February 2008

As a developing discipline, corporate identity is still understood and valued differently in the various European countries. So the questions remain: What is corporate identity and how can it benefit a company? What is its role in internationalization, and whose identities are the best? Summarizes the fourth pan‐European study on the understanding and importance of corporate identity in multicultural market conditions.
Ethics and business communication: a cross‐cultural study of CEO potential
Authors: Ghosh B.C. , Fullerton Sam , Taylor David
Published: February 2008

Recent initiatives in business curricula have included emphases on global business communication and ethics. Combines these issues by comparing the ethical predisposition of business students in New Zealand and Singapore with their US counterparts. A sample of 373 students indicated that the students in the three countries generally hold high expectations for the behaviour of business. Of the 14 scenarios evaluated, only four exhibited significant differences between the two groups, i.e. USA compared with Singapore and New Zealand. In each of these four, students from New Zealand and Singapore expressed greater tolerance for the questionable business practice. However, there are several instances where Singapore is significantly different from the USA, but New Zealand is not. The relationship between ethics and business communication is well established, for instance ethical issues in advertising including Federal Trade Commission of the USA's concerns with advertising (and similar concerns elsewhere). Although this research was not designed to show this interconnection in an express manner, this relationship was borne in mind during the questionnaire design. The focus of this research is elsewhere but assumes that the interconnection is well understood.
Teaching organizational communication as public relations in UK universities
Authors: Moloney Kevin
Published: February 2008

Explores relationships between the popular perception of public relations; the Grunigian paradigm, its distortion by UK teachers and a way forward to a more soundly‐based teaching about the communications of organizations. The first part is about public perceptions of public relations in the UK and how these influence attitudes on the campus. The second part is about shifting the emphasis of teaching away from a communication science perspective and towards a political studies one. Concludes that this shift could lead to a better connection with modern thinking about persuasive information flows in modern, liberal, industrialized societies.
Communication and democracy
Authors: Warren Richard C.
Published: February 2008

Communication in trade union government is important as both a value and principle of organisation. Studies of trade union democracy tend to show a marked neglect of the importance of communication in the democratic process of some unions. Research that has been conducted in this area is reviewed and an agenda for further research in trade union communication is identified through case study analysis.
Leadership vernacular as a communication device
Authors: Karathanos Patricia
Published: February 2008

This articles proposes that the leadership role for the future is one of teaching organizational members to think about their thinking to solve complex problems. Organizational members must realize how they create reality, and how they can go about changing it. They must come to understand that one's thinking and subsequent actions create one's problems, and problems can no longer be solved with the same mentality which created them. The article offers a number of specific communicative devices for the leader as teacher. Language for leaders includes questioning, modelling dialogue, using metaphor, and telling stories. The way in which these communicative devices function as leader‐teacher tools is explained.
Mission statements as corporate communications: the consequences of social constructionism
Authors: Hackley Christopher
Published: February 2008

An agenda for a social constructionist perspective on corporate communication. It seeks to do so by focusing on the mission statement as an aspect of corporate communications. Previously unpublished research on mission statement design and use in the UK is used as a basis for an analysis of the theoretical assumptions which are often presupposed in corporate communications. It is suggested that these assumptions represent one (cognitivist) model of communication meaning‐making. The alternative model of socially constituted meaning‐making is developed in the context of mission statement use. Some further, more general suggestions are made concerning the implications of social constructionism for corporate communications.
The Finnish pulp and paper industry: a case study in media as stakeholder
Authors: Takala Tuomo
Published: February 2008

Presents and analyses a current discourse surrounding social and environmental responsibility in the Finnish paper industry between 1970–1995. Addresses theoretical modes of social responsibility and related environmental issues. Media as forum for debate and discourse are described and the campaign to protect Finnish wild forestry is discussed. Implications for strategic communication theory and practice are considered.
The Industrial Society
Authors: Whittaker Craig
Published: February 2008

Among the many demands placed on the busy corporate practitioner, communication training of staff can be seen as either a difficult personal responsibility, or an expensive, delegated one. The Industrial Society is attempting to come to the rescue with the CD‐ROM package Top Training. The package draws on the Society's extensive catalogue of video and other resources to provide a customised ensemble of materials for a wide range of needs. The topics covered range from basic functional training in customer relations to strategic management issues. Topics covered include appraisal, coaching, customer relations, stress, team work and time management.
Communication practice as corporate business performance: an empirical approach
Authors: Harrop Brian , Varey Richard J.
Published: February 2008

An eclectic view of organisational performance is presented and the ability of mass media to influence it is addressed. A number of cases are considered in the light of this including Northampton Healthcare NHS Trust and the American Electric Power system. Comments are presented in relation to a number of organisations including General Motors, The Inland Revenue and Shell UK. Concludes that communication is a core competence activity in performance management.
A Simplified On‐line Circulation System
Authors: Boyd Anne H. , Walden Philip E.J.
Published: February 2008

Working programs of practical value in a simplified system of book circulation are described. A compact bucket layout is given which enables records of all synonyms to be stored sequentially, multiple records of the same book being chained for subsequent ease of retrieval. A method of dealing with overflow is included.
The Birmingham Libraries Cooperative Mechanisation Project
Authors: Kimber R.T. , Cayless C.F.
Published: February 2008

It was late in 1968 that news was first made public about the mechanisation project being undertaken jointly by the University of Aston library, Birmingham University library, and Birmingham Public Libraries. The basic objective of the study is to investigate ways in which three local libraries can together use the BNB MARC service, and in particular establish a common machine readable data bank of bibliographic records. There are major differences between the libraries: two are large and well established, and growing comparatively slowly. The other is relatively small and expanding rapidly.
Effect of Computerization on Acquisitions
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G.
Published: February 2008

The advent of the computer in the academic library promises revolution in library objectives and economics, and the extent of the revolution will be as great in acquisitions as in other library areas. This paper will examine the probable effects of computerization in the foreseeable and distant futures and will establish academic and economic targets at which to aim to avoid an inefficient wandering forward. The first section of the paper will inquire into the characteristics of the new technology; the second will delineate academic objectives and new techniques for reaching those objectives; and the third will discuss the economic goals of acquisitions computerization.
Structure and Handling of MARC Files for the AMCOS Update Program
Authors: Eyre John J.
Published: February 2008

The development of Stage Two of the AMCOS Project which uses BNB MARC tapes as the basis of a fully mechanised ordering and cataloguing system has been progressing since December 1968. The paper by Russell Sweeney described the secondment of a teacher of librarianship to the library at AWRE Aldermaston for twelve weeks to take part in the development of computer programs for AMCOS Stage One. This present paper describes a similar exercise to involve a teacher in the programming for Stage Two.
Some Basic Laws of Library Automation
Authors: Ayres F.H.
Published: February 2008

It has now become an accepted fact that librarians will need to discover the ways in which the computer is likely to affect their operations. Too often they will only want to know this in order to resist any change to long established and unchallenged methods; nevertheless they will still need to know. It therefore seems an appropriate point in time to lay down some basic laws which will assist them in their task be they machine maniac or Luddite. In order to reach as wide an audience as possible the elegant mathematics on which these laws of bibliodynamics were established, have been omitted, but some must, of necessity, be expressed in mathematical form.
Marc Tapes in Trinity College Library
Authors: Dieneman W.
Published: February 2008

The Library is now in a position to check the receipt of copyright accessions by matching incoming publications with the bibliographic data on the British Marc tapes, distributed by the BNB. The Copyright Agency can be notified of material which has not been received or perhaps not even been claimed by the Agency; claims must be submitted to publishers within 12 months of publication date. It is possible to establish both for the Library and for readers within the subject fields prescribed by them, what current British copyright material has been received each week, before it is catalogued. When American Marc tapes, also to be distributed by BNB, covering North American and a wide selection of new European publications become available to the Library for book selection and ordering, (= phase 2), readers will receive a second listing of SDI. This second listing is, in fact, a current awareness service of new published books and does not correspond to the Library's accessions. The Library is now introducing catalogue worksheets for the production of machine readable records of secondhand and noncopyright material acquired by the Library, as well as ‘BNB exclusion’, i.e., anything not on BNB Marc tapes. Once the records have been fed into the system from the catalogue worksheets, readers may receive accession lists of all books received in the Library and included in the classified catalogue on the subjects they have specified for their SDI profile.
Mechanisation of Serials Records: A Literature Review
Authors: MAassil Stephen W.
Published: February 2008

Libraries undertake mechanisation of serials records both as an end in itself to overcome the stresses of inadequate manual systems, and as a pilot stage towards an integrated overall system of automated processes. American Libraries have been experimenting in this field for some years now in both small and large serials holdings. The total systems approach for dealing with serials is recommended and a wide range of possible outputs of a machine system is described. Automation of accessioning individual parts has also been developed but is not regarded as worthwhile for beginners to attempt. Some writers prefer to concentrate on the catalogue outputs and to leave the administrative areas, subscriptions and binding control, to manual systems. Benefits are widely assumed as the result of an automated system but there is as yet little generalisation of relative costs of these systems within individual libraries and in comparison between libraries. Access to computers that have large memories and that operate at high speeds is considered necessary. The system brought in at San Diego between 1961 and 1964 and that is now being thoroughly revised on account of expansion of holdings and with a view to the use of the LC MARC format is the best developed system under review.
A Computer Circulation System Feasibility Study
Authors: Owen D.G.
Published: February 2008

Queen Mary College library houses about 141, 000 books on all academic subjects serving 2500 students. There are three full time staff employed on circulation work, at least two of whom are on the circulation counter during the working day. Additionally, staff normally employed elsewhere in the library work a total of 40 hours a week on circulation in such a way that in the evenings and on Saturdays one person is on the counter. Library hours are 9. 15 a.m. to 9. 30 p.m. Monday to Friday, and 9. 15 a.m. to 12 noon on Saturday. The average monthly loan figure is 2800. Undergraduate students may borrow 3 books at a time, postgraduates 5, and staff an unlimited number. The loan period varies from overnight to one term according to the type of material. The issue system at present uses two‐part NCR stationery on which details of book and borrower are entered by the borrower; the two halves are filed by author, and by date due back.
Preliminary Assessment of the Comparative Efficiencies of an SDI System Using Controlled or Natural Language for Retrieval
Authors: Parker Janet E.
Published: February 2008

AWRE Aldermaston are participating with AERE Harwell in an OSTI sponsored project to evaluate the comparative efficiencies of natural language and keyword searching of Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA) magnetic tapes. Nuclear Science Abstracts covers some 40, 000 journal articles, 10, 000 reports and 4, 300 books, theses and patents per annum. It is issued in 24 parts per volume at approximately fortnightly intervals.
University of Surrey Library Automated Issue System
Authors: Cowburn Lorna M.
Published: February 2008

The Library of the University of Surrey serves an overall university membership of some 4,000 comprising nearly 2,900 students of whom 570 are postgraduates; 300 academic staff and 950 non‐academic personnel. The bookstock, excluding periodicals, amounts to 80,000 volumes with an average 10,000 new additions each year. The Library is open seven days a week during term: Monday to Friday, 9 a.m.–10 p.m.; Saturday, 9 a.m.–6 p.m. and Sunday, 2 p.m.–6 p.m. Plans have already been formulated to extend vacation opening hours which are, at present, Monday‐Friday, 9 a.m.–5 p.m. Books may be borrowed for the entire vacation period. Annual issues, which increased by 30% last year, are nearing 110, 000 and daily loans average around 400. 10,000 books are on loan at any one time. Students are allowed to borrow four books at a time and there is no limit on loans to staff who are, nevertheless, notified when their quota exceeds twenty. The loan period for students is fourteen days and for staff one term.
Bulletin Signalétique Mechanisation—The PASCAL System
Authors: d'Olier J.H. , Dusouler N.
Published: February 2008

The Documentation Centre of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) is developing PASCAL, a documentation system whose aim is to meet the traditional needs of scientists and engineers as well as more recent needs of users having little time to gather information and who wish, nevertheless, to keep up to date.
Reports Cataloguing in the Aircraft Research Association Library
Authors: Barnett C.C.
Published: February 2008

The number of reports received and catalogued by the Aircraft Research Association Library has increased by 50% in the past five years, and it seems likely that this trend will continue.
The Computer Catalogue System at Shropshire County Library
Authors: Hammond Hilary I.
Published: February 2008

Shropshire County Library serves a predominantly rural area which includes some light industry and contains within its borders the developing new town of Telford. Many of the market towns are situa either in or extremely close to the county boundary, thus leaving a large hinterland with a scattered population. The library has thirty‐two branches and six mobile libraries to serve the county. The only area served by an independent authority is the Borough of Shrewsbury.
Southampton Cataloguers' Reactions to Local MARC
Authors: Irvine Ruth
Published: February 2008

Southampton University Library is using locally generated bibliographic records in MARC format (local MARC) to catalogue the stock of the new Wessex Medical Library. Over the last year we have gained some experience as to how local MARC can be applied, and, equally important, how cataloguers adapt to the changed methods of preparing cataloguing data. We have found that they can apply MARC successfully, and it was felt that their reactions might be of interest to other librarians.
Durham University Library Short Loan Collection: Computerised Record Handling
Authors: Oddy Robert N. , Cheesman Brian
Published: February 2008

Durham University Library's first automation venture arose from the decision in 1967 to establish a Short Loan Collection of books and periodicals in heavy demand. The collection, divided between the Main Library and the at present separate Science Section, may eventually grow to something like 10, 000 items. While it was initially to be drawn in large part from existing stock, and administration was to be integrated with the library's other operations, the project presented an opportunity to try new methods.
Costing Manual and Computerised Library Circulation Systems
Authors: Ross John , Brooks Jane
Published: February 2008

The cost per loan for the manual circulation system at the University of Essex Library is calculated for 1970/71 and predicted for 1973/74 and 1976/77. An allowance is made for the time spent by library users when borrowing books. Likely costs for an on‐line circulation system are also calculated. A table is given for manual, off‐line and on‐line circulation systems costs for several university libraries.
Comparison of Computerised Loans Systems in the United States
Authors: McCann Louise , McGee R. , Kimber R.T.
Published: February 2008

This is the third of a series of tabular presentations of data for operational computerised loans or circulation systems in specified countries. It follows the pattern established by the previous tabulations by grouping information about the systems covered under the series of descriptive headings that was developed as one of the first tasks of the then Circulation Working Party of the Aslib Computer Applications Group.
Cheshire County Library Acquisitions and Cataloguing System
Authors: Berriman S.G. , Pilliner J.
Published: February 2008

This paper describes a computerised book ordering and cataloguing system for the Libraries and Museum Services Department of the Cheshire County Council. The system was introduced in December 1971 and is now being used to order all adult non‐fiction material; it features on‐line data entry via visual display terminals and the production of book catalogues on microfilm direct from magnetic tape.
Developments with Computer‐based Loans Systems in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wilson C.W.J.
Published: February 2008

The first part of the paper was an account of the activities of the Acquisitions, Cataloguing and Circulation Working Party (ACCWP) of the Aslib CAG. One of the current objectives of the ACCWP is the production, with the close cooperation of Aslib, of a ‘Directory of operational computer applications in United Kingdom libraries and information units’. In the covering letter sent out with a questionnaire in March 1973, operational was defined as ‘an application which is clearly functioning now in a working library or information centre, or which is so advanced in its development that it will be operational by 1st July 1973’.
Computer‐based Information Services in Science—Have they a future?
Authors: Kent A.K.
Published: February 2008

It seems hardly necessary to sell the view that ready access to information is a ‘good’ thing. As members of Aslib we all, in one way or another, depend for our livelihood on the belief that the storage, retrieval and dissemination of information is as necessary, indeed as fundamental, an element in scientific research and development as it is in every other field of human endeavour. Happily our belief in the service we perform appears, in general terms, to be shared by those we serve. It would be very easy, of course, to catalogue the frustrations of both the users and the providers of information and to give the impression that the art (I cannot give any serious credence to the view that it is a science) of the information ‘middle‐man’ serves only as a barrier to the effective flow of information from the producer to the ultimate user. But I hope that you will agree with me that the evidence of the need for, and value of; the ‘middle‐man’ is too strong for us to have any doubt that, if I asked the question ‘Information services in science—have they any future?’ the answer would be an unqualified ‘yes’.
Newcastle upon Tyne University Library Stock Record System: Plans and Progress
Authors: Robins Anne D. , Jeffreys A.E.
Published: February 2008

A machine‐readable record containing accession number, location, Dewey class number(s),ISBN, date, and brief author/title is being created for each item of library stock. Methods of record creation and the potential uses of the stock file are discussed.
CLOSSS (Check List of Social Science Serials): a Machine‐readable Data Base of Social Science Serials
Authors: Bradshaw R.G. , Brittain J.M. , Nicholas D. , Ritchie M. , Roberts S.A.
Published: February 2008

This paper describes the work carried out so far at the University of Bath and the Polytechnic of North London as part of the DISISS (Design of Information Systems in the Social Sciences) Project, towards producing a machine‐readable data base of social science serial titles‐CLOSSS (Check List of Social Science Serials). The file consists to date of 5500 titles. The data base is to be used for studies of the size, growth, and composition of the serial literature of the social sciences. Data collection and file creation procedures are described and suggestions put forward for possible future use of the file in the DISISS Project and elsewhere.
Library Automation at Sunderland Polytechnic
Authors: Haylock J.R.
Published: February 2008

A computer‐based catalogue system which provides author and Dewey classified listings of monographs is described. Tape typewriter input is used for monthly updating of the master file; the paper tape is also used to produce cards for parallel maintenance of the traditional card catalogue. So far, 20 000 items (out of the library's current stock of 85 000 monographs) have been entered. One thousand new acquisitions are added each month and an accessions list is obtained as a by‐product of the system. A subject index system is also maintained. The periodicals listing system, covering 1200 journal titles, provides alphabetical and classified listings. COM is likely to be adopted for catalogue production in the near future.
Facilitating the Handling of References
Authors: Engwall Lars
Published: February 2008

A package of computer programs is described which maintains a file of bibliographic references on magnetic tape and enables selected references to be printed out on request by quoting the unique identification numbers for the references required.
An Evaluation of, and Improvement on, Ayers' Universal Standard Book Number
Authors: Diane Beale D. , Lynch Michael F.
Published: February 2008

Ayers’ recent suggestions for a Universal Standard Book Number, logically generated from a catalogue entry, and therefore applicable restrospectively to bibliographic files, have been implemented and tested on two one‐year cumulations of BNB MARC files. The proportion of unique entries provided by the USBN was found to be about 91%. Revisions to the coding tables were made on the basis of a detailed analysis of the results and of determinations of the frequencies of characters in the data elements used. These resulted in improvements to the method, giving an increase in the proportion of unique entries to approximately 96%.
Creation of Bibliographic Search Codes for Hash‐addressing using the Variety‐generator Method
Authors: Lynch Michael F.
Published: February 2008

The application of the variety‐generation technique to the construction of truncated author‐title search keys for data bases of monograph records is described. Instead of the usual fixed‐length keys (e.g. three characters of the author's surname, and the first three filing characters of the title) the method uses strings of characters which vary in length according to the statistical characteristics of author names and titles in BNB MARC files. The number of these strings is variable within wide limits. By choice of appropriate sets of keys, bibliographic search codes with a higher resolving power than the 3,3 key can be produced. The codes also show favourable distributions for direct construction of hash addresses.
An Experimental On‐line Retrieval System using Ultrafiche
Authors: Johnston R.J.D.
Published: February 2008

The command language devised for an experimental on‐line information retrieval system which uses an automatic Ultrafiche terminal to store and display the textual data is described. A conversational reference retrieval system was set up on a PDP‐8 minicomputer with a data base selected from Computer & control abstracts. Search facilities available include Boolean logic, left‐hand and right‐hand truncation, universal character, and a profile editor.
The Catalogue Conversion Project of the National Library, Cairo: a Progress Report
Authors: Rehim Sabry Abdel , Jeffreys A.E.
Published: February 2008

The National Library of the Arab Republic of Egypt is preparing a computer‐based catalogue of its acquisitions from 1870 to 1969. Keypunching has begun with the Arabic holdings, and is complete for science and technology classes. The paper discusses the problems of data preparation and computer printout of Arabic text.
Whither Cataloguing?—Scotland: Report on a Workshop held at the University of Stirling, 22 & 23 January 1975
Authors: Bramall Philip J.D. , Corbett Lindsay
Published: February 2008

The Workshop, promoted by the Aslib Computer Applications Group and held within the overall framework of SCOLCAP (Scottish Libraries Cooperative Automation Project), gave invited Scottish librarians an opportunity to discuss the exploitation of computer‐based cataloguing services. Descriptions of the services available from the British Library, Birmingham Libraries Cooperative Mechanisation Project, Oriel Computer Services, Blackwell Bibliographical Services, ICL DILS, and Telecomputing's TeleMARC, were followed by general open discussion and then the discussion of specific topics (input techniques; output techniques; integrated systems; problems of local classification schemes when using MARC records; pre‐publication cataloguing). The report concludes that automation is accepted as beneficial; collaboration can help to cut costs; automation provides an opportunity to define requirements afresh, but new systems should be as flexible as possible.
SWALCAP On‐line Circulation System: Plans and Progress
Authors: Hudson R.F.B.
Published: February 2008

The central computer, situated at Bristol, is a Rank Xerox Data Systems 530 and this will be linked to mini‐computers and terminals in cooperating libraries by Datel 2400 lines. Initially the computer will be used for the circulation system; cataloguing and book order systems will follow without major alteration to the central configuration. The operation of the circulation system for monographs and periodicals, the file structure and control parameters are described in detail. The 22 supplementary facilities are listed in a table, and figures illustrate the equipment, an example of an author/title enquiry, and the loan parameters.
Newcastle upon Tyne University Library Stock Record System: Current Status
Authors: Robins Anne D.
Published: February 2008

Machine‐readable stock records, each consisting of accession number, location, brief author/title, imprint date, ISBN, and Dewey class number(s), are now available for all monographs in the Library. Methods of data base creation and the resolution of inconsistencies are described. The data base is used to provide: 1. author/title information for the automated circulation system; 2. alphabetical listings of total library holdings; 3. sectional printouts; 4. printouts for stock checks; and 5. selected catalogues for university departments. The application of the system to relegation procedures (of little used material to off‐campus storage) and the provision of catalogue systems for departmental libraries are described. Users seem content to use stock record printout in areas of the Library remote from the card catalogues. Costs of labour and machine processing are assessed. In the future, paper printout may be replaced by COM and the system will be further developed so as to replace the card catalogues.
Printed music and the MARC format
Authors: Malcolm Jones P.
Published: February 2008

Describes work being done to extend the MARC format to cater for the bibliographic description of printed music, and the format drawn up by the Music Bibliography Group and submitted to the British Library. The potential for the bibliographic control of music, in the use of such a format, to build a data base covering most music frequently encountered.
The use of on‐line information retrieval services
Authors: Williams P.W. , Curtis J.M.
Published: February 2008

As part of a British Library Research and Development Department research programme for studying the use of on‐line information systems, UMIST examined the efficiency and reactions of users Comparisons were made between search results of users, users assisted by an intermediary experienced in using the system, and the intermediary on his own after discussion with the user. Using the data bases offered through the LOCKHEED DIALOG service, it was found that users were very pleased with on‐line literature searching. Over 90% of users were partially or completely satisfied with the results. While 95% of users were satisfied with their own search results, 90% preferred those of the intermediary whose search was shorter but retrieved more references on average.
An on‐line numerical data system
Authors: Boyle J. , McDonough W.R. , O'Hara H. , Smith F.J.
Published: February 2008

The building of an on‐line numerical data bank with some built‐in intelligence is described. The data, which consisted mainly of inter‐atomic potential energy functions, was extracted from the literature, critically evaluated and stored on disc. Software was written for data input and for appending, editing, displaying retrieving and manipulating the data. The system allows the user scientist, by answering multiple choice questions, not only to retrieve the data in the same form as it was found in the literature with reference material, but also to change it or to operate on it, to present it in the units and form he wants, for example as a graph, or to interpolate in a table or to perform other functions. It is concluded that this ability to use the intelligence of the computer for manipulation of numerical data will make such data systems much more effective than on‐line reference systems.
The TECHNOTEC data base and technology exchange service of Control Data
Authors: Jones Colin
Published: February 2008

Paper presented at the Aslib Computer Applications Group meeting, 22 February, 1977. Technotec comprises about 11,000 items, is distributed through computer cluster centres in Brussels, Maryland and Sydney, and can be accessed by telex, teleprinter or timesharing terminal with dial‐up facilities available in North America, Western Europe, Scandinavia and Australia. Searches can also be conducted on a customer's behalf. Describes 4 types of entry in the data base; method of input; searching strategy; TINA Technology Innovation Alert, available for 85 profile codes; and charges. Diagrams illustrate; examples of input; searching.
The new automated circulation system for the University of Surrey Library
Authors: Burden M. , Lord John A.
Published: February 2008

After the introduction in October 1970 of the ALS card‐based equipment for recording book circulation, the university, its computing unit and its library underwent various changes which necessitated the implementation in April 1976 of a new circulation system. Describes the planning and design of this new system, its construction and operation, basic functions, and routine and non‐routine output. It is designed to be flexible in accommodating amendments and additions at short notice, and with little or no reprogramming. Details the structure of the system control file, and the other advantages and interesting features deriving from its use. Indicates possible future developments, including the introduction of an on‐line system and isolates 3 defects: insecurity of data; consumption of time and possibility of human error; volume of paper produced. Includes a system flow chart.
SWALCAP on‐line system: a technical summary
Authors: Green M.C.
Published: February 2008

The SWALCAP On‐line System became operational in September 1976, providing full Circulation Control facilities. Development of Cataloguing facilities is now in progress. This article describes some of the main technical aspects of the system, including the overall system concept, and the approach taken to software development.
Book circulation at Leeds University Student Library: an off‐line system incorporating bibliographic information
Authors: Butler R. , Cass R.
Published: February 2008

The paper describes the development of an off‐line book circulation system at Leeds University Library with particular reference to the Student Library. Unlike many systems, the circulation database is also used for the public catalogue (held on disc and output on COM); that is, the file which is updated with loans data is a bibliographic file of the complete library holdings. Also described are examples of printouts issued by the system, and their use by library staff.
Coverage of specialised biological information by on‐line databases and comparison of this coverage with an in‐house manual system of a special library/information unit
Authors: Datta Vinod
Published: February 2008

The paper reports a coverage study in the field of vegetable insecticides. The coverage of AGRICOLA, BIOSIS and CHEMCON databases is compared with an in‐house manual system of a specialised information unit. The three databases produced a total of 1477 references on the subject, of which 1342 references were considered to be relevant. The total overlap figure between the databases was 393 references. The manual system produced a total of 1307 relevant references. There was an overlap between the manual system and the on‐line databases of 355 references. The computer searches produced 987 references which were not retrieved manually. The manual searches yielded 952 references. The on‐line searching has performed a useful retrieval function. This type of searching can be particularly useful where comprehensive coverage is required.
The Sheffield City Polytechnic on‐line circulation control system
Authors: Dean C.G. , Ford E.J. , Fulljarnes D.R.
Published: February 2008

Sheffield City Polytechnic introduced an on‐line circulation control system into its main site library in 1977. It is based on the Polytechnic's IBM 370 computer, with an Incoterm terminal processor, visual display units and Telepen bar‐code readers in the library. The article describes the system and the background to its development to suit the needs of a large polytechnic library. Attention is paid to the problems of implementation and operation of an original system. Future enhancement is discussed.
Bell College of Technology Library's computer serials system
Authors: McKay Duncan J. , Alexander Raymond A.
Published: February 2008

After a brief history of serials treatment in Bell College Library, the development of a computer serials list, run on the College's Burrough's B1714, is described. The initial system specification is given, together with details of record format and keys. Major print‐outs are described, but no program details are given. Finally, a system to deal with serials intake, based on non‐predictive techniques, is outlined, although it is not yet operational.
Newcastle university library serials catalogue
Authors: Jeffreys A.E.
Published: February 2008

Newcastle University Library has produced a serials catalogue using the Northumbrian Universities Multiple Access Computer (NUMAC), an IBM 370/168, with software from the Newcastle File Handling System (NFHS). Input is via a visual display unit (VDU). The file contents, file organisation and data elements used are described. Output is currently paper printout. The serials catalogue is linked to the automated circulation system. An example of the editing procedures is given.
Objectives and accomplishments of the Network Technical Architecture Group
Authors: Avram Henriette D. , Hartmann David C.
Published: February 2008

Outlines the lead up to the establishment of the Network Development Office to ensure that the Library of Congress participated in national network planning. The work was vested in the Network Advisory Group set up in 1977 and later renamed the Network Advisory Committee. From this evolved a task force to be called the Network Technical Architecture Group (NTAG). The accomplishments of NTAG are described, and relate to computer links, protocol for such links, and national networks for sharing bibliographic and other data. Future considerations are also outlined.
Real‐time circulation control at the John Rylands University Library of Manchester
Authors: Cave K.G.D. , Hulme J.C.
Published: February 2008

Accommodation, slock, readership and borrowing practice at JRULM are briefly surveyed as also the reasons for introducing a real‐time computerised circulation system. After a short outline of this, details are given of the hardware (mainframe, communication processors, terminals and stationery). Next the software for the central system and the minicomputers is described, followed by an account of the files. Operation of the system is explained first as regards data preparation, for books and for readers, and then as regards counter service—issues, returns and renewals, enquiries and reservations. Staff commitment is briefly reviewed and some general observations made on performance and difficulties.
Computer Production of the Programme Index at the BBC
Authors: Bird Philip R. , Clark Joanna E.
Published: February 2008

The Programme Index covers domestic radio and television broadcasts of the BBC. Following a recommendation by Aslib consultants, it was decided to replace the existing card index system by a computer‐printed index. The COIN package, developed by the NCC, was chosen to run on the BBC's ICL 1904S computer. COIN is a suite of nine programs for maintaining files and printing indexes in a variety of formats, with great flexibility in output formats and data input formats. After some modifications to the programs, COIN was used to produce five index sequences: a main catalogue in programme title order, three KWOC indexes to titles, contributors' names and subjects, and an M.P.'s list in KWIC format. OCR typing is used for data input of the 65,000 items a year. Output is monthly cumulating COM fiche. The appearance and performance of the index is superior to the old card index at lower cost, although the major revision of subject headings and other indexing rules consequent upon computerisation is responsible for much of the improvement.
University of York Library automation project:
Authors: Evans M.E.
Published: February 2008

The library implemented its circulation system, based on a Plessey light pen system Model 1A (SPC) and the university's Decsystem‐10 computer, in the summer of 1977. A hybrid system was developed where the library's off‐line package system captured the data onto magnetic tape and this was used to create disc files on the main frame computer, the files then being accessed on‐line in the library. The library's requirements and the system developed are described, and full costs of the project detailed.
The Bibliographic Record: an analysis of the size of its constituent parts
Authors: Ayres F.H. , Yannakoudakis E.J.
Published: February 2008

This investigation into the structure of MARC records begins by summarising the findings of Williams and Shefner who analysed the 1974/75 Library of Congress MARC II database. Various changes in the average size of the records and the occurrence of fields was noted when compared with a previous study by Swanson in 1969/70. However, the Bradford investigation set out to establish the average size and occurrence of the various elements in each record on the UK MARC tape for 1975. After describing the methodology, the paper presents the results under eight headings. There are three tables giving details of the occurrence and rank of subfield codes. Two graphs show the frequency distribution of all unique subfields. The paper ends by stating that the study was concerned more with the factual results than with any conclusions. However, the facts in the analysis should enable the cost of COM catalogue production and the inclusion or omission of an element from the records to be calculated. 3 refs.
The invitation to tender
Authors: Scholes J.
Published: February 2008

Outlines the procedures used in Central Government when compiling an Invitation to Tender. The author points out that one supplier is unlikely to provide a total system; so care is needed when selecting. The first step is the production of the Operational Requirement which details the job and the organisational needs. The Government Procurement procedures for dedicated computer systems are described, and the way in which tenders are assessed and selected. Some guidance is given regarding matters which should be specified in the Invitation to Tender. The paper goes on to discuss the similar procedures for the procurement of computer services listing what the service industry can be expected to provide. The paper ends with a list of 6 ways in which the user can lay the foundations for a good Invitation to Tender.
Sleeping Beauty: MERLIN, a state of the art report
Authors: Robinson Stewart
Published: February 2008

MERLIN was conceived in 1975 and put to sleep in 1979. It was archived in August 1979 when British Library suspended development. This paper presents a state of the art report of the archived version of MERLIN together with an account of the work that had not been completed. The functions that the archived MERLIN will support are described and the additional functions planned are outlined. Timescales are produced for completing the outstanding work and for subsequent possible implementation.
Automation at the library of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Authors: Nöthiger R.
Published: February 2008

After describing the background and staffing of the library, details are given of the hardware and software used for the automated housekeeping and retrieval systems. These are based on a CDC 6400/6500 and a Cyber 174 having a core of 5 MB. The systems software is written in SCALLOP (similar to Algol) and COMPASS (assembly language). The circulation system, called ELAS, offers online status checking and reservation by users. The badge reader and the SELEX online terminal were specially developed. ELAS can handle 20 online functions and its advantages, which include provision of management information, are described. Other systems described include — periodicals control called PEKOS; cataloguing called M1KAS, which includes fiche output: the catalogue contains 175,000 records and fills 121 fiche (40,000 records are added annually) and there are similar outputs for the UDC, keyword, authority file and index sequences and information retrieval called EDIS. The library is now considering whether to acquire a dedicated computer for a new integrated system with all parts interactively online.
Library automation in the United States of America
Authors: Richmond Phyllis A.
Published: February 2008

The review, which covers the past, present and future of library automation, begins with the establishment of networks, describing the role of OCLC and the adoption of MARC. The second step is seen as the growth of online databases, with particular reference to Lockheed, SDC and BRS. Costs, however, have deterred full use of these. A case is made for standardisation of formats. The effect of online systems on retrieval is related to the increasing interest in document delivery systems. The contribution of mini‐ and microcomputers to this area is noted. Centralised shared systems have allowed automation to progress. All this needs paralleling in the library schools which have difficulty in providing the facilities. The real problem is still that of making systems user friendly. Perhaps librarians need to cultivate self‐sufficiency in programming using easy high‐level languages like FORTH and SPEAK‐EASY. Wordprocessors also will need to be a standard part of library equipment. The future must lie in achieving access to all information from a terminal.
The provision of a subject index at Preston Polytechnic Library and Learning Resources Service: Use of an adaptation of PRECIS at Preston Polytechnic
Authors: Hendrix Frances , Wilson Stephen
Published: February 2008

Preston Polytechnic Library and Learning Resources Service—a member of BLCMP—has developed and now uses a PRECIS‐related subject index produced locally in co‐operation with the Polytechnic Computer Services Unit. An in‐house PRECIS system has the advantages of consistency, British terminology and frequent up‐dating. It facilitates reproduction for multiple service sites. The article describes system hardware and software and outlines production routines. A Working Party has been established to review future developments, especially frequency and physical form. The possibility of a local online configuration is discussed.
LEXIS: a radical approach to computer‐assisted legal research
Authors: Harrison Nicolas
Published: February 2008

An outline is given of the various conventional legal information sources both primary and secondary. Examples are given of the use made of judgments and rulings. The format, content and application of such sources are explained, and the need for computer‐based systems discussed. The LEXIS system, launched by Mead Data Control in the USA in 1973 and in the UK in 1980 is introduced. Details are given of the LEXIS libraries (law relating to particular jurisdictions) and file structures. The search logic is demonstrated with examples of search profiles and strategy. There are three sample printouts. No refs.