bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Became a Different Person”: Personal Change of Lithuanian Foster Parents through Informal Learning
Authors: Bagdonaite-Stelmokiene Ramune , Zydziunaite Vilma
Published: February 2020

Informal learning is understood as a complex emotional, cognitive and experiential process of learning during which the personal change of learner takes place. The article presents the findings of the qualitative study on the personal change of foster parents carried out in Lithuania, which reveals the subjective experience of informal learning of the foster parents fostering a non-relative child. By means of a narrative interview, 19 foster parents (12 women and 7 men) were interviewed in the study. The data were analyzed on the basis of the constructivist grounded theory strategy. The findings revealed that the personal change of foster parents takes place through conscious, intentional and purposeful informal learning in order to self-actualize and to become good foster parents. They themselves construct their way of learning during which they acquire new knowledge, rethink and reconstruct the knowledge they already have – all that leads to personal improvement. The personal change of foster parents also takes place through accidental, spontaneous, experiential informal learning, which is not always conscious or purposeful. While reflecting on their experience, foster parents see themselves in a new light; rethink their values and attitudes, thus getting to know themselves better. The findings of the study are important in order to highlight the role and significance of informal learning in the context of life-long learning. The findings may be a valuable contribution to the development of formalized training programs for foster parents and successful non-relative foster care.
IMPLEMENTASI BOARD GAMES DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Ratminingsih Ni Made
Published: February 2020

Abstract: Implementation of Board Games and its Effect on Students’ English Learning Achievement. This study is an experimental research which aims at investigating the effect of board games on students’ English learning achievement. The population of this research was all elementary schools in 9 districts of Buleleng Regency determined by intact group random sampling taken using lot­tery. There were 12 experimental groups and 12 control groups which consisted of 681 students of grade 4, 5 and 6 representing 4 areas of eastern, western, northern, and sourthern Buleleng Regency. The experimental groups were taught with board games, while the control groups were taught without board games. The data were analyzed non-parametrically using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The results prove that board games have an effect on the students’ English learning achievement.Abstrak: Implementasi Board Games dan pengaruhnya terhadap Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang menginvestigasi pengaruh board games ter­hadap hasil belajar bahasa Inggris siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah sekolah dasar di 9 kecamatan di Kabupaten Buleleng, yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan intact group random sampling berdasar­kan lotere. Terdapat 12 kelompok eksperimental dan 12 kelompok kontrol yang berjumlah 681 siswa kelas 4, 5, dan 6 yang mewakili 4 area Kabupaten Buleleng Timur, Barat, Utara dan Selatan. Kelompok eksperimental mendapatkan tindakan, yaitu diajar dengan menggunakan board games, sedangkan ke­lompok kontrol diajar dengan tanpa menggunakan board games. Data dianalisis secara non parametrik dengan menggunakan analisis Kruskal Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa board games berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa.
UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MELALUI PARTISIPASI ORANGTUA SISWA
Authors: Sumarsono Raden Bambang
Published: February 2020

Abstrak: Upaya Mewujudkan Mutu Pendidikan Melalui Partisipasi Orangtua Siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) ragam bentuk partisipasi orangtua dalam meningkatkan mutu pen­didikan, (2) strategi sekolah dalam memberdayaan orangtua untuk berpartisipasi dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, dan (3) indikator pencapaian mutu pendidikan yang merupakan kontribusi dari partisipasi orangtua. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, pendekatan fenomenologis, dengan rancangan studi multi kasus pada dua sekolah dasar negeri dan swasta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi peran serta, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan model alir dan comparative constant. Ada tiga rumusan hasil penelitian, yaitu: (1) partisipasi orangtua dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan berbentuk fisik dan non-fisik; (2) strategi sekolah dalam memberdayakan orangtua untuk berpartisipasi dalam meningkatkan mutu pen­didikan melalui pembuatan program yang menarik dan bermanfaat bagi orangtua, menciptakan iklim yang kondusif, pelibatan orangtua dari perencanaan sampai pada evaluasi program sekolah, penerapan prinsip transparan dan akutabilitas, berikutnya melalui intensitas jalinan komunikasi melalui berbagai media komunikasi; dan (3) indikator pencapaian mutu pendidikan yang merupakan kontribusi dari partisipasi orangtua meliput icapaian prestasi non-akademik melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, proses pembelajaran, dan kondisi sekolah.
El léxico de los espacios ganaderos en la documentación del sur de Ávila (siglo XV)
Authors: Sánchez González de Herrero María Nieves
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo expone y analiza los nombres de los espacios ganaderos de la provincia de Ávila presentes en la documentación notarial del siglo XV. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, comparativo con otros corpus coetáneos y con distintas fuentes lexicográficas a los que hay que sumar trabajos de historiadores de la Edad Media; a través de esta comparación y lectura se pretende carcaterizar el sentido de cada una de las voces analizadas y delimitar, en la medida de lo posible, su extensión por la geografía peninsular.
Palabras funcionales en diccionarios históricos y el caso del adverbio pronominal hy del castellano temprano
Authors: Vazquez Luis Fernando
Published: February 2020

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de categorías funcionales en diccionarios históricos y la necesidad de un trabajo en conjunto de la labor lexicográfica y la lingüística teórica e histórica para su óptima cobertura. Se propone que los diccionarios históricos hasta ahora disponibles no cumplen con el cometido de la labor lexicográfica en castellano en el ámbito de categorías funcionales y en la caracterización de su desarrollo histórico. Como ejemplo se enuncian cuatro diferentes acepciones del desparecido adverbio pronominal hy del castellano temprano que generalmente no son cubiertos en los diccionarios históricos hasta ahora disponibles. Por lo tanto, proponemos que dicha empresa requiere de una aproximación lexicográfica que incorpore la distribución diacrónica de palabras funcionales junto con sus respectivos valores pragmático-contextuales.
Lemateca del DRAE: la vida de las palabras en la lexicografía académica
Authors: Blanco Izquierdo María Ángeles , Buenafuentes Cristina , Clavería Gloria , Jiménez Ríos Enrique , Terrón Natalia , Torruella Joan
Published: February 2020

Lemateca es una herramienta informática realizada en el marco del proyecto de investigación “Historia interna del Diccionario de la lengua castellana de la Real Academia Española en el siglo XIX”. A la vez que recoge y sistematiza la trayectoria de los lemas y los cambios, tanto formales como de lematización, que estos experimentan en las distintas ediciones de los diccionarios académicos, se constituye en un instrumento de gestión que permite explotar todos estos datos adecuadamente y desde distintos puntos de vista. Se intenta, así, tender un puente entre la investigación léxica y lexicográfica y las humanidades digitales.
El vocabulario científico y técnico del español entre los siglos XIX y XX: planteamientos generales
Authors: Gutiérrez Cuadrado Juan , Garriga Escribano Cecilio
Published: February 2020

Las razones para acometer el estudio de la lengua de la ciencia en el período que va desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la época de la transición democrática en España son diversas. Se parte de la concepción que se tenía de la historia de la lengua entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, se concreta en el caso de la historia de la lengua de la ciencia y de la técnica, y se profundiza en el conocimiento existente acerca de este objeto de estudio en el siglo XX. A partir de aquí, se plantea el concepto de lengua de especialidad y su aplicación en el período estudiado, y se establecen las cuatro etapas en que se segmenta, con los aspectos más importantes que hay que tener en cuenta en su estudio.
El Arte de hacer y conservar el vino de Francisco Carbonell y Bravo. Un falso original
Authors: Ibáñez Rodríguez Miguel
Published: February 2020

El Arte de hacer y conservar el vino de Francisco Carbonell y Bravo, presentado por su autor como original, es en realidad una traducción. Se trata del primer tratado de enología en español publicado en Barcelona en 1820 por Antonio Brusi. Un hito importante de lo que fue la llegada a España de la ciencia enológica desde Francia. En este trabajo se fija la filiación del texto y el itinerario seguido desde la fuente francesa. Una vez identificado el original francés se hace un análisis comparativo entre la fuente y el tratado de Carbonell, con el fin de identificar qué partes son traducción y cuáles no y cuando lo es hemos valorado en qué medida y cómo se traduce.
El debate sobre lengua y ciencia en la Revista minera (siglo XIX)
Authors: Puche Lorenzo Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2020

Si la lengua es necesaria para la difusión de los conocimientos y avances científicos, es necesario que se generen reflexiones sobre usos adecuados o propuestas léxicas, emanadas desde los propios científicos. Se pretende rastrear estos indicios que tenían por objeto la lengua española y que se publicaban en el seno de revistas especializadas, donde se daban a conocer, al igual que ahora, los avances y nuevos descubrimientos en el seno de un área científico-técnica concreta. Por tanto, el objeto de estudio consiste en analizar los artículos o las notas que se publicaron dentro de la Revista minera y que se centraban en establecer un estrecho lazo entre lengua y ciencia, por un lado, así como desarrollar o mejorar la lengua española como vehículo de comunicación científica. Todo ello deberá considerarse en el marco educacional del siglo XIX, puesto que los alumnos que accedían a la Escuela de Minas se examinaban y estaban en la obligación de superar la asignatura o materia de Gramática. Aspecto este que nos indica que, además de ser especialistas en minería, disponían amplios conocimientos gramaticales, al menos según la legislación académica del momento.
El léxico de las patologías hipiátricas en Instruçam da Cavallaria de Brida de Antonio Pereyra Rego frente al léxico de sus fuentes
Authors: Soares Rodrigues Alexandra
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en comparar el léxico de las patologías hipiátricas presentes en el manual de albeitería de Antonio Pereyra Rego, de 1679, Instruçam da Cavallaria de Brida: tratado unico, dedicada ao invicto martyr S. Jorge con el léxico presentado en sus fuentes. El autor menciona a muchos de los tratados extranjeros en que se ha basado para redactar este trabajo. La comparación entre el léxico de las patologías de los caballos en portugués, en francés, en italiano y en castellano emergente en las diferentes fuentes apuntadas por Rego nos permite averiguar si la influencia de esos tratados sobre Rego solamente se observa en el dominio conceptual o bien si también se produjo en el dominio terminológico.
Hoyos, José Carlos de (2018): Léxico económico en la lengua española de principios del XIX. El Epítome de Jean-Baptiste Say, La Rioja, Cilengua, Fundación San Millán de la Cogolla, Instituto Caro y Cuervo, 291 pp.
Authors: Pérez Ramos Sandra
Published: February 2020

Reseña de libro: Hoyos, José Carlos de (2018): Léxico económico en la lengua española de principios del XIX. El Epítome de Jean-Baptiste Say, La Rioja, Cilengua, Fundación San Millán de la Cogolla, Instituto Caro y Cuervo, 291 pp.
MOVIMIENTO ESTUDIANTIL Y AUTONOMÍA UNIVERSITARIA
Authors: Pérez Caballero Roberto , Villa Villa Sandra Irina
Published: February 2020

Una de las formas de expresarse colectivamente las personas es a través de la protesta social, la cual no debe ser limitada ni restringida, en la medida que respete derechos de otros. Una manifestación especial dentro del amplio espectrode las variantes de la protesta social es la que se deriva de los movimientos estudiantiles, quizás por todo el vigor y juventud que le imprimen a sus demandas. De hecho, los estudiantes han sido uno de los actores más representativos y quehan logrado grandes conquistas, como toda su participación significativa en el movimiento de la séptima papeleta que desembocó en un proceso constituyente.
ANÁLISIS DE CRITERIOS JURISPRUDENCIALES DESARROLLADOS POR LA CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL Y EL CONSEJO DE ESTADO RESPECTO DEL RÉGIMEN ESPECIAL DE PENSIÓN DE VEJEZ EN LA LEGISLACIÓN LABORAL COLOMBIANA
Authors: De La Cruz Palma Viviana María
Published: February 2020

De conformidad con el artículo 48 de la Constitución Política de Colombia, la Seguridad Social es un servicio público de carácter obligatorio que se presta bajo la dirección, coordinación y control del Estado, en sujeción a los principios de eficiencia, universalidad y solidaridad, en los términos que establezca la Ley. Es reconocida en el ordenamiento jurídico como un derecho constitucional fundamental, complementado y fortalecido por los convenios y tratados internacionales que sobre la materia ha ratificado el Estado Colombiano.

 Con la entrada en vigencia del Sistema General de Pensiones SGP (Ley 100 de 1993), el legislador pretendió superar los desajustes que existían entre los distintos modelos y regímenes pensionales, creando un sistema integral y general de pensiones, que permite la acumulación de tiempos y semanas trabajadas, y genera relaciones recíprocas entre las distintas entidades administradoras de pensiones con los fines de aumentar su eficiencia ejecutiva y de ampliar su cobertura.
Alcances del arbitraje en derecho administrativo frente a los contratos celebrados por la Administración Pública
Authors: Rodríguez Castillo Faisury , Sánchez Arteaga Sonia
Published: February 2020

El arbitraje es un mecanismo alternativo de solución de conflictos que paulatinamente se ha posicionado como uno de los métodos alternos al judicial más importantes y recurrentes en Colombia, debido a que es aplicable a diferentes áreas del derecho como el comercial, laboral y más recientemente al derecho administrativo. En este último se han generado avances jurídicos relevantes no solamente desde lo legal, sino también desde lo jurisprudencial, de ahí que se esté incentivando el uso de este tipo de medidas que además de disminuir la congestión en los despachos judiciales de la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo, también se presenta como un método con efectos jurídicos equivalentes a los de un proceso judicial, lo cual brinda seguridad jurídica al momento de asumir voluntariamente el arbitraje como alternativa para resolver controversias en los contratos celebrados por la Administración Pública. Para esta investigación se realizó una investigación de corte descriptivo-cualitativo ya que se acudió a la normatividad vigente y los aportes jurisprudenciales para analizar la situación jurídica del arbitraje en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Es una investigación cualitativa, centrada en el análisis de principios y teorías principalmente administrativas, que va de lo general a lo particular mediante el método deductivo.
Conflicto De Jurisdicción En Materia De Seguridad Social: Colpensiones Vs Ex trabajadores De Acerías Paz Del Río
Authors: González Vargas Víctor Mauricio
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo se centra en determinar si la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo es competente para conocer de las demandas de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho instauradas por Colpensiones, en contra de los actos administrativos que reconocieron unas pensiones a ex trabajadores de la empresa Acerías Paz del Río. Para el efecto se analizaron las reglas de competencia en materia de seguridad social, lo cual arrojó como resultado que la competencia de la jurisdicción contenciosa administrativa se determina con base en dos aspectos fundamentales, primero, la naturaleza jurídica de la entidad administradora del servicio (criterio orgánico) y, segundo, el tipo de vinculación laboral que ostentó el beneficiario (relación legal y reglamentaria con el Estado). En esa medida, comoquiera que los trabajadores de Acerías Paz del Río se vinculan a dicha empresa a través de un contrato de trabajo, es a la jurisdicción ordinaria laboral a la que le corresponde resolver este tipo controversias, independientemente de que el derecho se haya reconocido mediante un acto administrativo
Acceso a la Administración De Justicia En Colombia: Tareas Pendientes
Authors: Miranda Passo Juan C , Maestre De La Espriella Luis Emiro
Published: February 2020

En el presente artículo de reflexión desarrollaremos lo que es el acceso a la Administración de Justicia, que se ha definido como la posibilidad reconocida a todas las personas de acudir en condiciones de igualdad antes los distintos jueces y tribunales de justicia para garantizar la protección o el restablecimiento de sus derechos e intereses legítimos. Es un servicio público esencial, por lo tanto su prestación se encuentra relacionada con el cumplimiento y desarrollo de los fines esenciales del Estado (Consagrados en el Artículo 2° de la Constitución) relación que determina la atención permanente y continuada, como forma de materialización de los principios y valores sobre los cuales actúa el Estado.
LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y SUS RETOS A LA COMUNIDAD
Authors: Miranda Passo Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

La revista BIOCIENCIAS hace entrega de esta nueva edición, la que será gran apoyo de estudio e investigación para la comunidad académica por sus temas de interés, sobre todo a los estudiosos en temas del área de la Salud. Contiene artículos sobre salud ocupacional y seguridad en el trabajo, como se puede observar a continuación en este nuevo número.
Ultrasound guided bilateral rectus sheath block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing umbilical surgeries under GA. A comparative study between bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine
Authors: B Panchal Mona , V Bhatia Upasna , Abraham Shyni , Shah Charmi
Published: February 2020

: Ultrasound guided (US) rectus sheath block, blocks ventral rami of 7 to 12 thoracic nerves by injection of local anaesthetics (LA) into the space between the rectus muscle and posterior sheath. The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine in ultrasound guided bilateral rectus sheath block in patients undergoing umbilical surgeries.

: Patients received bilateral US-guided injection of total 30 mL of levobupivacaine (GpL) 0.25 % (or 0.375% of Ropivacaine (GpR) or 0.25%of Bupivacaine (GpB) respectively, behind the rectus muscle to detach it from its sheath. Analgesic efficacy of LA was evaluated using duration of analgesia, pain score at extubation and 1-16 hrs postoperatively and mean VAS (visual analogue scale) score to assess the quality of analgesia.

: There were statistically significant differences in VAS scores between the groups L, R and B at all postoperative time points - 1hr, 2 hr, and 3hr till 16hrs. (P < 0.00001). The mean duration of analgesia in three groups was 9.30±0.92 hrs in Gp L, 13.02±1.17 hrs in Gp R and 6.2± 0.83hrs in Gp B respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p =< 0.0001).

Single shot of different local Anaesthetics in Ultrasound guided bilateral rectus sheath block provides postoperative analgesia up till 16hrs in patients with BMI 25-40kg/m2 undergoing umbilical surgeries with excellent VAS scores with Ropivacaine.
Effectiveness of intravenous boluses of phenylephrine, ephedrine and mephentermine as vasopressors for management of perioperative hypotension in elective lower segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia – A prospective comparative study
Authors: Sinha Garima , S Hemalatha , C L Gurudatt
Published: February 2020

Hypotension after subarachnoid block for caesarean section is the commonest but serious complication encountered by anaesthesiologists. Various vasopressors are used to prevent/treat this complication. This study was done to compare the efficacy of three commonly used vasopressors – phenylephrine, ephedrine, mephentermine for treatment of perioperative hypotension.

Sixty American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class II parturients undergoing elective caesarean section under subarachnoid block were randomly allotted three groups (P, E, M) (n = 20) to receive intravenous boluses of phenylephrine 100 mcg, ephedrine 6mg & mephentermine 6mg respectively, following hypotension. Maternal Haemodynamic parameters, complications & neonatal APGAR scores were recorded. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant and P-value < 0.001 considered highly significant.

Demographic values, baseline vital parameters and mean number of vasopressor boluses required were similar in the three groups (P > 0.05). The mean trends of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.06), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.7) and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.6) were similar in the three groups. Heart rate was raised during periods of hypotension; the mean heart rate was lower in the phenylephrine group after vasopressor administration. The overall trend was similar (P = 0.1) among the three groups. There was (P = 0.003) higher incidence of bradycardia in the phenylephrine group. The neonatal APGAR scores were > 7 in the three groups at the 1st and 5th minute (P = 0.5).

All three vasopressors effectively maintained arterial blood pressure during the subarachnoid block for caesarean section. Phenylephrine caused a significant reduction in heart rate compared to ephedrine or mephentermine.
Comparative study of palonosetron and ondansetron in prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries
Authors: Choudhary Ankita , Parashar Vinod
Published: February 2020

: Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after general anaesthesia, specially post laparoscopic surgeries. This study compared efficacy of palonosetron with ondansetron for prevention and management of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries.

: 100 patients, undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery were randomly divided in 2 groups of 50 each. They received either ondansetron(4mg IV) or palonosetron (0.075mg IV) before induction of general anaesthesia. They were monitored post operatively till 72 hours for episodes of nausea, vomiting, overall PONV and adverse effects.

: The incidence of overall PONV was significantly less in patients who received palonosetron as compared those who received ondansetron. Also, ondansetron group demonstrated higher use of rescue anti-emetic drug as compared with palonosetron group. No significant difference was found in incidence of adverse effects in both groups.

: Palonosetron, having longer duration of action, is more effective in treating long term PONV compared to ondansetron in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries under general anesthesia.
A prospective randomized study of the post-operative outcomes of thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Ranawat Pinu , Meena Reema
Published: February 2020

To assess the efficacy of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) for postoperative pain and effect on haemodynamics, pulmonary functions postoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

: Ninety patients posted for elective CABG were randomly allocated using sealed envelope method into two groups, Group A received injection fentanyl for intraoperative analgesia and injection tramadol for postoperative analgesia intravenously and Group B received 10 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine with 50 µg fentanyl as bolus dose epidurally and thereafter, continuous epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine with 2µg/ml fentanyl at the rate of 8ml/h till the end of surgery for intraoperative analgesia and then 6-10ml/h till 48h for postoperative analgesia. All patients were given general anaesthesia. Haemodynamics, arterial blood gases, visual analog scale (VAS) score and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were reported in ICU till 48h postoperatively.

Statistical analysis used: unpaired - test and Chi-square test.

Group B showed significantly lesser VAS score, higher PEFR, higher PaO2 and normal values of PaCO2.

TEA reduces postoperative pain and improves postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing CABG. Also, it is associated with earlier extubation and a wakening, stable haemodynamics and lesser ICU stay after CABG surgery.
A clinical study of effects of 30 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline and 30 ml of 0.333% levobupivacaine for axillary block using nerve stimulation technique
Authors: Y Srinivas V , R Sushma D , Gopinathan N K Jyothsna
Published: February 2020

: Axillary block is most commonly used regional anaesthetic technique for surgeries of forearm, wrist and hand surgeries. Various local anaesthetic been used for axillary block, among them levobupivacaine has gained more interest as it prolong the duration of analgesia with reduced cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity. This study is done to compare the effects of 1.5% lignocaine with 1:300000 adrenaline with the 0.333% levobupivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block and the quality of postoperative analgesia.

: After obtaining ethical committee clearance and written informed consent, 60 patients of ASA class I and II, aged between 18-60 years, posted for elective upper limb surgeries, were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 30 in each group A and group B. Group A to receive 30ml of 1.5% lidocaine with adrenaline 1 in 300000 and group B to receive 30ml of 0.333% levobupivacaine. Through perivascular approach axillary brachial plexus block given using peripheral nerve stimulator. Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, quality of block, duration of analgesia and adverse effects if any we re evaluated.

Levobupivacaine had slower onset of actions but statistically significant increased duration of sensory and motor blockade, prolonged duration of analgesia were obtained in levobupivacaine group, with no haemodynamic variations and adverse effects in both groups.

Levobupivacaine produced prolonged duration of analgesia with reduced toxic potential thus providing greater margin of clinical safety.
A comparative study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of unilateral transvere abdominis plane block versus bilateral tap block using 0.25% bupivacaine in laparoscopic nephrectomies
Authors: Nath Shivika , Gupta Sahil , Dhar Dipankar , Sadhu Suneva , Nadar Dushyant
Published: February 2020

Postoperative pain is a common complaint following laparoscopic nephrectomies and in these patients transverse abdominis (TAP) block is a useful an effective analgesic modality in controlling pain compared to other techniques. This prospective randomized comparative study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of unilateral TAP block versus bilateral TAP block for better analgesia postoperatively.

A total of 60 ASA I-II patients undergoing lapararoscopic nephrectomies (18-60 years) were included and divided into two groups A(n=30) and B(n=30). Group A: Lateral ultrasound guided(USG) unilateral TAP block with 20ml of 0.25% isobaric bupivacaine. Group B: Lateral USG guided bilateral TAP block with 20ml of 0.25% isobaric bupivacaine at the end of surgery before extubation.

: the statistical testing conducted using statistical package for the social science system. For all statistical tests, a p value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference.

We found that total mean analgesic duration of the block was significantly longer in bilateral (B) group (14.3h±2.48h rs) as compared to group A(6.2±2.14hrs) with p value of 0.000000017564. VAS scores were significantly higher in the group A with p value of 0.00000000124575. The mean number of doses of additional rescue analgesia (i.e fentanyl) in Group A was 3.12 ± 0.72 as compared to 1.04 ± 0.73 in Group B (given at 18 hrs.), the p value comes out to be 0.0000000125 which is statistically significant.

Bilateral USG guided TAP block is of more benefit than unilateral TAP block in reducing postoperative pain and also reduced overall use of opioids in laparoscopic nephrectomies.
Comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for epidural analgesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Shah Ayush , J Pandya Malti
Published: February 2020

The combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSE) plays a unique role in management of perioperative analgesia. It is associated with early postoperative mobilization and rehabilitation with minimally associated pain and discomfort, which is the most desirable feature in modern surgery.We designed this study for comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for epidural analgesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries in patients operated under CSE.

The study included 50 patients divided into two groups (25 each). Group D: Patient received bolus dose of dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg after spinal anesthesia followed by bupivacaine 0.125% with dexmedetomidine 1 µg/ml epidurally using 240 ml elastomeric pump at 5ml/ hr till 48 hours. Group K: Patient received bolus dose of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg after spinal anesthesia followed bupivacaine 0.125% with ketamine 0.5mg/ml epidurally using elastomeric pump at 5ml/hr till 48 hours.

There was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05) in terms of highest sensory level achieved and time for complete motor block. The patients in both the groups were hemodynamicaly stable throughout the study. The duration of analgesia was longer with dexmedetomidine however, none of the patients in both the groups required rescue analgesic. The time to regression of sensory level to L5 in Group D was found to be 594 ± 63.04 minutes as compared to 362.4 ± 45.76 minutes in Group K (p < 0.001) while, the time to regression of motor block to Bromage scale 1 in Group D was 488.4 ± 42.88 minutes whereas, in Group K it was 303.6 ± 36.04 minutes (p < 0.001). The incidence of sedation, nausea, vomiting and other side effects were comparable.

We conclude that continuous epidural infusion with dexmedetomidine and ketamine effectively reduced the postoperative rescue analgesics requirements and provided good patient satisfaction in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery.
Sedative effect of propofol and midazolam in surgery under spinal anaesthesia: A comparative study
Authors: F Maliwad Jyotsna , N Patel Jalpen , J Mehta Purvi , D Damor Raman , S Shringarpure Kalpita
Published: February 2020

Intravenous medications are invariably required to allay anxiety related to surgical procedures, in patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia. A thorough pre anaesthetic check up and details of the surgical procedure planned are necessary before administration of sedative agents to attain desirable levels of sedation and avoid unwanted adverse events.

To observe, record and analyse sedative effect of intravenous Propofol and Midazolam in lower extremities and lower abdominal surgery scheduled under regional anesthesia techniques.

: A single blinded comparative study conducted in tertiary care hospital of Gujarat. Sixty patients with no organic pathology & a moderate but definite systemic disturbance categorized into two groups labeled as propofol group (n=30) and Midazolam group (n=30) of either gender and shortlisted for surgery using subarachnoid block. Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S Scale) and Ramsay sedation scale was used to assess effective sedation.

: Basic patients characteristics, Mean age (SD) was 31.57 + 10.57 years in category I (P group) and 35.33 + 9.98 years in category II (M group) was comparable between the groups. In category I 16(53.3%) patients reached targeted sedation level in < 60 seconds, in group M 18 (60%) patients required 90-120 seconds to achieved the same level of sedation (p<0.001).

Propofol gives rapid onset of sedation and faster recovery, while midazolam provides more hemodynamic stability in regional anesthesia.
Anesthetic management of an oropharyngeal mass: role of pre anesthetic assessment
Authors: Jain Tarang , Gupta Madhu
Published: February 2020

Pharyngeal mass often presents to the anaesthesiologist for airway management and anaesthesia, needed to aid in diagnosis or treatment. These patients present a challenge to the anaesthesiologist as they block the pathway for ventilation as well as intubation. Spindle cell carcinomas are rare tumors with very few cases of oropharyngeal spindle cell carcinomas reported. These tumors of the pharynx usually present as pedunculated masses of less than 2 cm in size. The anesthetic management for excision is usually simple. We report a unique case of a large size 5 cm pedunculated oro pharyngeal mass, which was mobile causing dynamic airway obstruction. A thorough pre operative examination and planning for the airway management lead to anticipation of difficulties and easy navigation through them.
Still’s disease and anaesthetic concerns: A case report
Authors: Gupta Lalit , Agarwal Gaurav
Published: February 2020

Adult-onset Still ’s disease (AOSD), is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder rarely encountered in clinical practice, described by Sir George Frederick Still in 1897. AOSD is of unknown aetiology with the incidence estimated to be 0.16 per 100,000 persons with articular and extra-articular or systemic manifestations. AOSD has a more acute course than compared to rheumatoid arthritis in adults, often affecting many parts of the body before settling in the various joints. Its diagnosis is made by exclusion. Securing airway mainly tracheal intubation may be difficult due to involvement of cervical spine, temporomandibular joint and laryngeal involvement (crico-arytenoid arthritis). In addition, intermittent disease flare-ups with laryngeal involvement may cause delayed extubation. This case highlights the anaesthetic concerns involved with the Still’s disease.
Sentencing Circles, Clashing Worldviews, and the Case of Christopher Pauchay
Authors: Goldbach Toby Susan
Published: February 2020

The case of Christopher Pauchay demonstrates some of the differencesbetween predominant Euro-Canadian and First Nations approaches todispute resolution. The principles of sentencing circles sometimes overlapwith the principles of restorative justice and suggest their potentialincorporation into the criminal justice system. The use of alternativeprocesses that share some common values is not enough to overcome tochasm between Euro-Western and Aboriginal justice. Where underlyingworldviews diff er, those who can choose between competing valuesamidst limited possibilities will likely choose the values that refl ect theconventional system. A comparison of Euro-Western and Aboriginalapproaches to crime and punishment clarifi es why Pauchay’s sentencingcircle was unsuccessful as an alternative option. Advocates of alternativemethods must consider more than the implementation of a process whenadapting selective cultural methods to the overarching system. Withoutfurther evaluation, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) itself becomesa mechanism of recolonization.
Comparison of the etiological causes in patients under and/or over the age of 65 admitted to the emergency department with non-traumatic chest pain
Authors: YILMAZ Funda , ARMAĞAN Erol , KAYA Halil , YÜKSEL Melih , ÇELİK Kamuran , UYGUN Erman , ÖZKAN YILDIZ Havva Özge , GAFUROĞULLARI Sibel
Published: February 2020

Objectives: One of the most common reasons for admission to the emergency department is chest pain. The clinical presentation of chest pain is quite wide. The study aimed to compare the diagnoses of patients under and/or over the age of 65 admitted to the emergency department with non-traumatic chest pain.Methods: A thousand patients admitted to the emergency department with non-traumatic chest pain between 15.10.2014 and 15.07. 2015 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to age group as < 65 years old and ≥ 65 years old. Age, gender, the type of admission, comorbidities, accompanying symptoms, diagnosis, outcome and hospitalization were recorded.Results: Five hundred eighteen males and 482 females were included in the study. Eight hundred nineteen patients were between the ages of 18 to 64. The most common accompanying symptom was dyspnea in both age groups. Hypertension was the most common concomitant disease in the 18-64 year age group while coronary artery disease was the most common diseasein the 65 and over age group. Conclusions: Non-cardiac chest pain is more common in the young population admitted to the emergency department while life-threatening chest pain is more common in the population over the age of 65.
An approach to diagnosing brain death in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: ALTINSOY Savaş , BARAN AKKUŞ İlkay , ÇATALCA Sibel , KAVAK AKELMA Fatma , ÖZHAN ÇAPARLAR Ceyda , ERGİL Jülide
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study was intended to discuss the process of brain death diagnosis of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and our approach regarding the existing literature. Methods: Demographics data (age, gender, admission diagnosis) were noted. ECMO type applied (veno-venous or veno-arterial), time of diagnosing brain death (the time from admission time till diagnosis), being a donor or not, apnea testing application, supplementary tests applied at diagnosis stage (cerebral angiography, computerized tomography angiography, electroencephalography, transcranial doppler ultrasonography), and time of cardiac death (the time elapsing from the moment of brain death diagnosis till cardiac arrest) were noted. Results: Forty-two patients data were exaimed and ECMO was applied to 8 patients, 4 of whom are female and the others are male. The average age of the patients is 61.8 ± 9.8 years. The average time elapsing from the hospitalization till brain death diagnosis was 2.5 ± 0.5 days. Apart from that, only 2 (25%) of the patients were donors.Conclusions: The use of modified apnea testing on patients undergoing ECMO could be proliferated if such tests are standardized and reliable guidelines are set. For this reason, we think that cerebral angiography should be kept in mind in addition to apnea test especially on ECMO-treated patients.
Identidad boyacense, música carranguera
Authors: Cárdenas Ofelia Amanda
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo de investigación es explicar rasgos identitarios del boyacense, tales como vestimenta típica, dialecto, productos regionales y algunas costumbres, a partir del análisis sociolingüístico de las letras de las canciones representativas de Jorge Velosa. En este documento se toma como caso específico de estudio la canción “Yo también soy boyaco”. Inicialmente, se presenta en forma sucinta la relación entre lenguaje, cultura e identidad; posteriormente, se exponen las generalidades de la música carranguera y de Jorge Velosa, su principal intérprete; se concluye con análisis parciales de tipo sociofonético, sociogramatical, socioléxico y sociocultural de la canción en estudio.
Sorgum x Sudanotu Melezi ve Sudanotu Çeşitlerinde Hasat Zamanının Makro Besin Maddeleri Konsantrasyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: ÖZYAZICI Mehmet Arif , AÇIKBAŞ Semih
Published: February 2020

Bu araştırma, ikinci ürün olarak yetiştirilen sorgum x sudanotu melezi (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense Stapf) vesudanotu [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf] çeşitlerinde hasat zamanının bazı mineral madde içeriklerine etkisininbelirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırmada tarla denemesi, Türkiye’nin yarı kurak iklim kuşağında yer alan Diyarbakırilinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın bitkisel materyalini; “Sugar Graze-II” ve “Nutri-Honey” sorgum x sudanotu meleziçeşitleri ile “Gözde-80” sudanotu çeşidi oluşturmuştur. Hasat zamanı olarak tam çiçeklenme, süt olum ve hamur olumdevreleri ele alınmıştır. Tarla denemesi, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarakkurulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre, fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum (Mg) yönünden ele alınançeşitler arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiş; Nutri-Honey sorgum x sudanotu melezi mineral içeriği bakımından enzengin (% 0.35 P, % 2.11 K, % 0.56 Ca ve % 0.19 Mg) çeşidi oluşturmuştur. Hasat zamanı geciktikçe bitkilerin içerdiği P, Kve Mg miktarlarının azaldığı, Ca oranlarının ise arttığı tespit edilmiştir. İki yılın ortalaması olarak; en yüksek P (% 0.34),K (% 2.26) ve Mg (% 0.18) değerleri tam çiçeklenme devresinde, en yüksek Ca oranı ise süt olum (% 0.55) ve hamur olum(% 0.58) dönemlerinde biçilen bitkilerden elde edilmiştir. Sorgum çeşitlerine ait kaba yemlerin K yönünden hayvanlarınihtiyacını karşılamada yeterli düzeyde olduğu; P, Ca ve Mg oranlarının ise yem rasyonlarında olması gereken sınır değerinaltında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hem çeşitler hem de hasat zamanları itibariyle kuru otun Ca/P oranı hayvan sağlığı açısındanherhangi bir risk oluşturmadığı verilerden anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, çeşit ve hasat zamanlarına göre K/(Ca+Mg)oranı 1.80-3.72 arasında değişim göstermiş; ortalama 2.71 K/(Ca+Mg) oranına sahip sorgum çeşitlerinin, hayvan sağlığıaçısından tetani hastalığı riski taşıdığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre; kullanılan sorgum çeşitlerinden elde edilen kuruotun, tek başına kaba yem olarak kullanılması durumunda yem rasyonlarına P, Ca ve Mg içeren maddelerin ilave edilmesive/veya adı geçen bu minerallerce zengin yemlerle birlikte sorgumun hayvan beslemede kullanılması uygun olacaktır.
Effect of the inoculation strategy of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on wine malolactic fermentation
Authors: Martín-García Alba , Balmaseda Aitor , Bordons Albert , Reguant Cristina
Published: February 2020

Interest in some non-Saccharomyces yeasts has increased recently, because they have been associated with an improvement in wine quality. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the effect that the use of these yeasts may have on malolactic fermentation (MLF). In this study, the strains Torulaspora delbrueckii Biodiva and Metschnikowia pulcherrima Flavia were evaluated by co-inoculation and sequential fermentation with S. cerevisiae QA23. A fermentation with S. cerevisiae as a single starter was also performed as a control, then MLF was performed inoculating Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 in all wines. Finally, the wines obtained after alcoholic fermentation and MLF were characterised. The results of the coinoculated fermentations were similar to those of the S. cerevisiae control fermentations. Nevertheless, significant differences were observed in sequential fermentations in terms of lower content of acetic, L-malic and succinic acids. These differences were particularly noticeable in fermentations carried out with T. delbrueckii.
Path Planning for Rolling Locomotion of Polyhedral Tensegrity Robots Based on Dijkstra Algorithm
Authors: Lu Yipeng , Xu Xian , Luo Yaozhi
Published: February 2020

Tensegrity-based locomotive robots have attracted more and more interests from multidisciplinary engineering community. To realize long distance locomotion for tensegrity robots in a given land, path planning is usually needed. This paper proposes a path planning approach for rolling
locomotion of polyhedral tensegrity robots. Given the start vertex, target vertex and the directed graph G which indicates the possible paths, the optimal path with lowest cost can be found by Dijkstra algorithm. Numerical and experimental examples are carried out with a six-bar tensegrity
robot prototype. Both motion distance and terrain characteristics are considered within the cost. The proposed approach is generally verified by the examples. A comparison between the numerical result and the experimental result is also presented.
Perancangan Alat Pengaduk pada Proses Pemasakan Rambak Kulit Sapi untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas dengan Metode Partisipatif
Authors: Floratiara Stephani Diesya , Herdiman Lobes , Susmartini Susy
Published: February 2020

Tingginya waktu proses dan defect pada produksi rambak kulit sapi menyebabkan IKM rambak tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar. Permasalahan waktu yang tinggi pada proses pengungkepan menyebabkan kelelahan pekerja sehingga pengadukan menjadi tidak konstan dan rambak mengalami pecah (defect) dengan tingkat defect mencapai 20% dari hasil produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereduksi waktu dan defect pada pengungkepan dengan merancang alat pengaduk berbasis TTG menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif. Alat pengaduk yang dirancang memiliki 5 komponen utama yaitu rangka, penggerak, transmisi, speed reducer, dan pengaduk. Kelayakan dalam pembuatan alat dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan investasi dengan nilai payback period (PBP) 0,427 bulan, net present value (NPV) Rp 149.296.091,76, internal rate return (IRR) 32% dan profitability index (PI) 26,07. Hasil rancangan kemudian dinyatakan dalam bentuk fisik dan diterapkan pada IKM rambak kulit sapi “Pak Dul” Jagalan, Surakarta. Dari pengujian alat didapatkan hasil putaran adukan 20 rpm dengan beban maksimal 15 kg dan nilai torsi 423,15 kg.cm. Hasil rambak pengungkepan jam ke-4 dengan alat memiliki nilai kualitas hampir sama dengan hasil rambak pengungkepan manual 7 jam. Sedangkan tingkat defect menurun 15%, produktivitas meningkat 15%, kuantitas produksi meningkat 50% dan profit meningkat 65%.
Perkembangan Pesantren di Indonesia (Era Orde Lama, Orde Baru, Reformasi)
Authors: Hamzah Syeh Hawib
Published: February 2020

Boarding school as the oldest educational institutions in Indonesia have a significant contribution to the Muslims in Indonesia , even up to the nation . Since the beginning of the coming of Islam to the era reform schools still exist and can keep abreast advances in science and technology , so that the boarding school be a great hope for this nation to relaese candidat the best to participate in the development and progress of the nation in various eras
Perkembangan Anak ditinjau dari Teori Konstruktivisme
Authors: Sunanik Sunanik
Published: February 2020

Education can be viewed as a lifelong learning process which is planned and organized. Constructivist theory states that every person develop through a series of levels that must be taken, but childhood can help students to prepare and get new understanding through activities and social interactions. This method gives the teachers views about learning readiness. Once they understand how a kid knows the world, so they can plan the experience in order to deepen and strengthen their knowledge. Children who learn are not only imitated or reflected with the taught or what he read, but also to create understanding. When children interact with their environment, they build schemes variety, arrangements or patterns. This is the basis for more complex structures in the development of the mental activity. the implications of the theory of constructivism in early childhood education are as follows: (1) the purpose of education according to the theory of constructivism learning is to produce individuals or children who have ability to think or solve any problems, (2) curriculum is designed in a situation that enabling knowledge and skills can be constructed by learners. In addition, training is often done through a problem solving group to analyze problems in their life, and (3) the learners are always expected to be active and can find a way of learning better