bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assess social media threats to help keep your campus safe
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2016

PHOENIX — Your most effective tool for monitoring the behavior and potential threats from students or toward students on campus comes not from your on‐campus cameras but from the social media traffic generated by your students. According to a report by Common Sense Media, students visit social media sites on average 100 times per day. With the amount of traffic generated by those sites, your institution can't possibly catch all potential threats or incriminating posts.
Create a process to handle students' requests for emotional support assistance animals in campus housing
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: November 2016

Colleges and universities have seen a significant increase in students requesting authorization to keep an emotional support assistance animal in campus housing, according to an article in the July 2016 American Bar Association Journal.
Consider the benefits of conducting an ADA compliance audit for your institution
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2016

William D. Goren, Esq., of Decatur, Ga., is a licensed attorney in Georgia, Texas, and Illinois. His practice focuses on understanding the Americans with Disabilities Act/Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and related laws, and includes but isn't limited to ADA compliance auditing, counseling, consulting, presenting, and training. He's also the author of Understanding the ADA, Fourth Edition, and numerous articles.
Were student's inappropriate comments sufficient to avoid dismissal?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: November 2016

Ebonee Tate was on the women's basketball team at Paris Junior College in 2011, and Sean LeBeauf was her coach. Pam Anglin was the president of the college.
K‐BILDS: A Kinase Substrate Discovery Tool
Authors: Embogama D. Maheeka , Pflum Mary Kay H.
Published: November 2016

Kinases catalyze protein phosphorylation to regulate cell signaling events. However, identifying kinase substrates is challenging due to the often low abundance and dynamic nature of protein phosphorylation. Development of novel techniques to identify kinase substrates is necessary. Here, we report kinase‐catalyzed biotinylation with inactivated lysates for discovery of substrates (K‐BILDS) as a tool to identify direct substrates of a kinase. As a proof of concept, K‐BILDS was applied to cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) with HeLa cell lysates. Subsequent enrichment and MS/MS analysis identified 279 candidate PKA substrates, including 56 previously known PKA substrates. Of the candidate substrates, nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP), BCL2‐associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), and 14‐3‐3 protein Tau (YWHAQ) were validated as novel PKA substrates. K‐BILDS provides a valuable tool to identify direct substrates of any protein kinase.
Come one, come all…the sooner the better!
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Henry Timothy D.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

This study demonstrates improved clinical outcomes with reduced D2B times in an “all‐comers no exclusion” population.

Implementation of systematic, hospital wide protocols to reduce D2B times consistently across a heterogeneous population may improve clinical outcomes and reduce costs.

These results should encourage registry reporting “without exclusions” and inclusion of challenging subgroups such as in‐hospital STEMI, transfer patients, and cardiac arrest.
Thrombus aspiration: Suck it up and keep looking for a niche
Authors: Blankenship James C.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Thrombus aspiration in acute coronary syndrome PCI decreased angiographic stenosis and decreased IVUS‐assessed volume of lesions. Decrease in culprit lesion volume correlated with better stent expansion.

This non‐randomized single‐center study demonstrated feasibility of thrombus aspiration pre‐PCI in ACS patients, but did not prove superiority to other methods of lesion preparation such as balloon pre‐dilatation. It is unlikely to be adopted into routine practice based on this study.

Randomized studies large enough to compare clinical outcomes (e.g., stroke and death) would be necessary to prove the efficacy of thrombus aspiration in ACS patients.
Routine invasive evaluation in non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI‐ACS): Optimizing best
Authors: Sarraf Mohammad , Hillegass William
Published: November 2016

Key Points

A routine invasive management strategy meaningfully reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to a selective invasive strategy in non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction–acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI‐ACS) patients in the stent and dual anti‐platelet therapy era.

Subsequent improvements in stents, antiplatelet therapy, and the radial approach likely enhance the benefit of routine invasive management in NSTEMI‐ACS patients.

While routine invasive evaluation is the best general strategy for eligible NSTEMI‐ACS patients stabilized with initial medical therapy, further study to refine individual patient risk/benefit prediction and ideal timing provides a necessary pathway to fully optimize the benefits of invasive management
Experience of Mowat–Wilson syndrome prenatal diagnosis for a Chinese family
Authors: Jiang Qian , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Ma Yinan , Li Qi , Zheng Chunhua , Yan Yuchun , Zhang Zhen , Xiao Ping , Su Lin , Cheng Wei , Pan Hong , Li Long
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical Message

Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a complex developmental disorder. We report the first prenatal diagnosis provided for a family in mainland China after identifying the causal mutation for the proband. Special focus on MWS‐related organs during prenatal ultrasound scan is described which is extremely important for genetic counseling of parents.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of the Pt‐Based Superconductor LaPt5As.
Authors: Fujioka Masaya , et al.
Published: November 2016

LaPt5As is prepared by hot press sintering of pre‐sintered (500 °C, 10 h) stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Kawai‐type apparatus, 1000 °C, 4—15 GPa, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Formation in Molten System (Na/K)2O‐TiO2‐P2O5. Crystal Structures of NASICON and Langbeinite‐Related Phosphates (K/Na)1+xTi2(PO4)3(x = 0 and 0.357).
Authors: Strutynska Nataliia , Bondarenko Marina , Slobodyanik Nikolay , Baumer Vyacheslav , Zatovsky Igor , Bychkov Kostyantin , Puzan Anna
Published: November 2016

Crystallization within the high temperature self‐flux system Na2O—K2O—TiO2—P2 O5 is investigated over the temp.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Nonlinear Optical Silicate Carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) with a Hybrid Structure of Kalsilite and Soda‐Like Layered Fragments.
Authors: Belokoneva Elena L. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Volkov Anatoly S. , Dimitrova Olga V.
Published: November 2016

Single crystals of K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) are prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a 3:1:2:1 molar mixture of K2CO3, CaO, SiO2, and B2O3 (autoclave, 270—290 °C, 70—100 atm, 18—20 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Catalytic Asymmetric Cycloadditions of Imines with an Enolizable Anhydride.
Authors: Cronin Sarah A. , Gutierrez Collar Aaron , Gundala Sivaji , Cornaggia Claudio , Torrente Esther , Manoni Francesco , Botte Astrid , Twamley Brendan , Connon Stephen J.
Published: November 2016

An enantioselective cyclization of N‐mesyl aldimines with homophthalic anhydride gives 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Aryl‐β‐aryloxy Acroleins.
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Qin Jian , Zhao Min , Zhang Wanbin
Published: November 2016

A one‐pot sequential asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐aryl β‐aryloxy propenals provides chiral β‐(aryloxy)benzenepropanols with excellent yields and good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intramolecular C—H Insertion of Donor and Donor/Donor Carbenes by a Nondiazo Approach.
Authors: Zhu Dong , Ma Jun , Luo Kui , Fu Hongguang , Zhang Li , Zhu Shifa
Published: November 2016

The enantioselective intramolecular C—H insertion and cyclopropanation reactions of donor‐ and donor/donor‐carbenes by a nondiazo approach are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(II)‐Mediated Regioselective C—H Monoiodination of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Using Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Khan Bhuttu , Kant Ruchir , Koley Dipankar
Published: November 2016

Various arenes bearing a range of functional groups, some heteroarenes and cyclohexene derivative (IX) are transformed to the desired compounds bearing the iodine substituent ortho to the benzamide part.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Enantioselective C—O Bond Cleavage of α‐Acyloxy Ketones by Hydrogenolysis.
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Liu Delong , Zhang Wanbin
Published: November 2016

A chemoselective C—O bond cleavage of the ester alkyl side‐chain of α‐acyloxy ketones is realized for the first time by a highly efficient palladium‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis (S/C=6000, the highest catalytic efficiency by far).
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of Spirofuran‐Indenoquinoxalines via Isocyanid‐Based One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Sabouri Nahid , Mahdavinia Gholam Hossein , Notash Behrouz
Published: November 2016

The title compounds are prepared in excellent yields by multicomponent reaction of ninhydrin, benzenediamines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Substituted Benzoheterocycles Using 2‐Butoxy‐2,3‐dihydrofurans as [4 + 2] Benzannulation Reagents.
Authors: Liu Changhui , Huang Wenbo , Wang Man , Pan Bin , Gu Yanlong
Published: November 2016

A series of substituted title furans is treated with pyrroles or indoles under catalytic conditions to produce indole or carbazole derivatives, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Amination/Smiles Cascade: Access to Phthalazine Derivatives.
Authors: Brachet Etienne , Marzo Leyre , Selkti Mohamed , Koenig Burkhard , Belmont Philippe
Published: November 2016

The synthesis of a wide range of functionalized phthalazine derivatives from sulfonylhydrazone precursors under mild photoredox conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Neopeapyran, an Unusual Furo[2,3b]pyran Analogue and Turnagainolide C from a Soil Streptomyces sp. S2236.
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yang Ya‐Bin , Duan Rong‐Ting , Yang Xue‐Qiong , Zhang Ju‐Cheng , Xie Xiao‐Guang , Zhao Li‐Xing , Ding Zhong‐Tao
Published: November 2016

Compound (II) exhibits moderate antibacterial activities against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh Nanoparticle Anchoring on Metal Phosphates: Fundamental Aspects and Practical Impacts on Catalysis
Authors: Machida Masato
Published: November 2016

Review: [21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mechanism of Palladium(II)‐Mediated C—H Cleavage with Mono‐N‐Protected Amino Acid (MPAA) Ligands: Origins of Rate Acceleration
Authors: Engle Keary M.
Published: November 2016

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally Activated Tunneling in Organic Reactions
Authors: Greer Edyta M. , Kwon Kitae , Greer Alexander , Doubleday Charles
Published: November 2016

Review: 66 refs.
Mental distress and health care use among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: A cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Kaul Sapna , Avila Jaqueline C. , Mutambudzi Miriam , Russell Heidi , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Schwartz Cindy L.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

The current study was conducted to examine the prevalence and correlates of mental distress among survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer and a comparison group.

METHODS

A total of 875 AYA cancer survivors who were diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 39 years and who were at least 5 years from their initial diagnosis were identified from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Surveys. A comparison group was created. The Kessler nonspecific mental/psychological distress scale was used to examine none/low, moderate, and severe distress. The issues of whether individuals talked to mental health professionals within the previous year and if they could afford mental health care also were examined. Variables (ie, demographics, behavioral [eg, smoking status], comorbidity, and mental health visits) associated with distress among the 2 groups were identified using multinomial logistic regressions.

RESULTS

Survivors reported mental distress more often than the comparison group (moderate: 23.2% vs 16.9%; and severe: 8.4% vs 3.0% [P<.001]). Survivors cited not being able to afford mental health care more often (6.4% vs 2.3%; P = .002). Moreover, 74.7% and 52.2% of survivors, respectively, with moderate and severe distress had not talked to a mental health professional. Contrary to the comparison group, survivors who were current smokers reported severe distress more often compared with nonsmokers (relative risk, 3.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.46‐8.84 [P = .01]). Having public and no insurance versus private insurance and report of sleep‐related trouble within the previous week were found to be associated with greater distress among survivors.

CONCLUSIONS

AYA cancer survivors are more likely to demonstrate mental distress than individuals without cancer. Nevertheless, few survivors may be receiving professional mental health services. Survivors need greater access to mental health screening and counseling to address the current gaps in care delivery. Cancer 2017;123:869–78. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Intelligent Approach to Solvent Substitution: The Identification of a New Class of Levoglucosenone Derivatives
Authors: Alves Costa Pacheco Ana , Sherwood James , Zhenova Anna , McElroy Con R. , Hunt Andrew J. , Parker Helen L. , Farmer Thomas J. , Constantinou Andri , De bruyn Mario , Whitwood Adrian C. , Raverty Warwick , Clark James H.
Published: November 2016

With the increasing restriction and control of hazardous solvents, safer alternatives need to be identified. Here a contemporary approach to solvent selection and substitution is presented that offers a more scientific alternative to the simple “like‐for‐like” exchange. A new family of levoglucosenonederived compounds is proposed, modeled to determine their solvent properties, synthesized, and tested. These new molecules show promise as replacements for polar aprotic solvents that have chronic toxicity issues, such as dichloromethane, nitrobenzene, and N‐methylpyrrolidinone. The success of this approach makes it possible for academia and industry to make calculated, intelligent choices for solvent substitution in the future.
Cytological findings and BCL10 expression in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
Authors: Ohno Akinobu , Sato Yuichiro , Nakamura Eriko , Noguchi Hiroshi , Tokumitsu Takako , Hiyoshi Masahide , Nanashima Atsushi , Asada Yujiro
Published: November 2016

BCL10 was recently demonstrated to be a biomarker for pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, but whether altered BCL10 expression can be detected in cell block specimens is unclear. Here, we report a pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma with cytological findings that showed BCL10 expression in a cell block. A 72‐year‐old man presented with a pancreatic tumor and underwent endoscopic ultrasound‐fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) with additional passes performed for cell block preparation. The EUS‐FNA cytology showed loose cohesive clusters with focal acinar‐ or gland‐like‐structures and prominent nucleoli. The preoperative diagnosis was well differentiated adenocarcinoma, and he underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histological examination revealed an acinar tumor structure with tumor cells staining positive for BCL10 and trypsin. The cell block specimen also demonstrated strong and diffuse BCL10‐positive staining. Based on these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. This case demonstrates that BCL10 expression within cell blocks facilitates a differential diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:247–251. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Objective Evaluation of Subjective Complexity by Change in Oxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration and Hemodynamics
Authors: BANDO SHIZUKA , NOZAWA AKIO , MATSUYA YASUYUKI
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study is to objectively evaluate the subjective complexity by change in oxygenated hemoglobin and hemodynamics for the developing the relief method of stress based on improving preference by subjective complexity. The change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (ΔoxyHb) and hemodynamic parameters as physiological indices and psychological intensity as psychological indices were measured when performing the four auditory stimuli repeatedly. As a result, comfort and subjective complexity indicated the inverted “U” shape function. The tendency of the correlation between ΔoxyHb and subjective complexity was categorized into three main types. Significant differences of stress coping were found by hemodynamics. It was clarified the physiological responses to subjective complexity were assessable objectively.
Chemical Analysis of Casual Elements for Deterioration of Cylindrical EDLC
Authors: YOSHITAMA HIROMU , TASHIMA DAISUKE , SAKODA TATSUYA , HAYASHI NORIYUKI , YUHARA MASAMITSU , UTSUNOMIYA TAKASHI
Published: November 2016

Chemical analysis was carried out before and after the constant voltage hold test that was an acceleration deterioration examination to clarify deterioration factors of electric double‐layer capacitor (EDLC). The results showed that the stress test slightly caused the increase of internal resistance. It was also confirmed that the range of fluorochemicals was formed on the electrode surface for approximately 10 nm in depth using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). From the chemical analysis of the electrolyte using an inductively coupling plasma emission analyzer (ICP‐OES), it was confirmed that the electrolyte included silicon which is one of the ingredient elements of an electrode and that the increase in holding voltage in the stress test decreased the silicon density in the electrolyte.
Presence of substitute diets alters plant resistance to specialist and generalist herbivores: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sato Yasuhiro , Kudoh Hiroshi
Published: November 2016

How herbivores respond to resource heterogeneity is important for predicting plant resistance to herbivores. Experimental studies thus far have revealed that herbivore responses differ depending on whether herbivores are offered single or multiple plant types, but the reports have rarely been combined. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 47 publications on choice and no‐choice experiments to reveal how the presence/absence of multiple plants (i.e., choice/no‐choice conditions) alters the extent of behavioral avoidance by herbivores. The herbivore diet breadth and response traits (feeding, growth, or oviposition) explained a significantly large amount of heterogeneity in the herbivore response under choice and no‐choice conditions. In contrast, a small amount of heterogeneity was explained by the herbivore types (vertebrates, exophagous, or endophagous invertebrates), plant resistance traits (chemical or nonchemical), plant life form, and relatedness of plant pairs (intraspecific or interspecific) as well as interactions between the herbivore and plant characteristics. Compared with the no‐choice conditions, specialist herbivores further avoided suboptimal plants under choice conditions. Generalist herbivores more evenly utilized optimal and suboptimal plants under choice conditions. The avoidance of suboptimal plants under choice conditions was the most prominent in oviposition response. Thus, our meta‐analysis found that herbivore characteristics rather than plant traits were more responsible for driving behavioral avoidance by herbivores to a particular plant. The contrasting response between specialist and generalist herbivores to plant heterogeneity may be more ubiquitous than previously thought.
Microclimates mitigate against hot temperatures in dryland ecosystems: termite mounds as an example
Authors: Joseph G. S. , Seymour C. L. , Coetzee B. W. T. , Ndlovu M. , De La Torre A. , Suttle R. , Hicks N. , Oxley S. , Foord S. H.
Published: November 2016

Termite mounds have recently been shown to protect against drought by providing refuges for plants and foci for revegetation, but whether mounds modulate temperature remains untested. Organisms tend to experience climate at finer scales than those captured by models predicting how distributions alter with global change, so microclimates represent important “climate refuges.” Using data we collected from African savanna sites, generalized linear mixed‐effects models and linear quantile regression analysis confirm for the first time that the woody species associated with large termite mounds establish microclimates that are significantly cooler than surrounding savannas, a cooling effect that is even greater at warmer extremes. As air temperatures approached 40°C, a cooling effect of up to 4°C occurred, representing a doubling from that observed at 34°C. African savannas encompass 10 million km2, and much of this harbors evenly dispersed termitaria. The temperature‐modulating effect of mounds facilitates agricultural and conservation decision‐making as global change begins to impact the integrity of both human well‐being and ecological processes.
Temporal niche differentiation of parasites sharing the same plant host: oak powdery mildew as a case study
Authors: Hamelin Frédéric M. , Bisson Anne , Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure , Fabre Frédéric , Mailleret Ludovic
Published: November 2016

Plant diseases are often caused by complexes of closely related parasite species. The coexistence of species sharing the same niche challenges the competitive exclusion principle. Here, we performed the mathematical analysis of a generic model of sibling parasite species coexistence based on seasonality. We showed that coexistence through temporal niche partitioning is biologically plausible as it occurred in a significant part of the parameter space of the model. Moreover, the reversal of species relative frequencies (i.e., the most frequent species at the beginning of the season becoming the last frequent at the end) can occur without compromising the long‐term coexistence of the two species. We provided data showing that this reversal pattern does repeat over years in the case of two sibling species responsible for oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides and Erysiphe quercicola) in Europe. Last, the model was fitted to the data and satisfactorily described the population dynamics of oak powdery mildew species. The seasonal succession of these two plant pathogen species provides one of the few examples of coexistence by temporal niche partitioning at the scale of the season caused by exploitative competition. We discuss whether evolutionary branching may have led to temporal niche differentiation in this system.
Environmental values and fire hazard of eucalypt plantings
Authors: Jenkins Meaghan , Collins Luke , Price Owen , Penman Trent , Zylstra Phil , Horsey Bronwyn , Bradstock Ross
Published: November 2016

The revegetation of cleared landscapes with woody plants (termed “environmental planting”) has the potential to sequester carbon (C), provide habitat, and increase biodiversity and connectivity. These environmental values are potentially offset by an increased fire hazard posed by revegetation. There is a need to understand the influence environmental planting has on landscape fire behavior and to determine how this changes as plantings age. This study examined how environmental values, regenerative capacity, fuel metrics, and potential fire behavior change with time since planting. We assessed 57 sites across the Albury‐Wodonga region (New South Wales, Australia). This included a range of environmental planting ages (4–40 yr time since planting), remnants, and pastures. Carbon storage increased with age of planting, with largest C stores found in remnants (105 tC/ha), while habitat complexity plateaued around 20 yr, with no significant difference between moderately aged plantings (14–20 yr), old plantings (>20 yr), and remnants. Modeled rate of fire spread was faster in pastures compared to environmental plantings and remnants. Flame height was slightly higher (0.5–1 m) in pastures than environmental plantings and remnants under a Very High Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), but this trend reversed under Extreme and Catastrophic conditions with flame heights greatest in environmental plantings and remnants albeit with slower rates of spread. This research highlights the importance of environmental plantings in the landscape in terms of C storage and environmental values and indicates the perceived hazard associated with rate of spread and flame height may not be justified at or less than Very High FFDI. However, at FFDI greater than Very High fire behavior may be significantly enhanced in environmental plantings and remnants. Further consideration needs to be given to the size and design of plantings and the type of species planted to fully develop an understanding of the complexities of fire risk. This study allows land managers to make informed decisions regarding the values and risks associated with revegetation of cleared landscapes with woody plants.
Relationships between tree biomass productivity and local species diversity
Authors: Wang Juan , Cheng Yanxia , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Yazhou , Zhao Xiuhai , Von Gadow Klaus
Published: November 2016

This study evaluated the relationship between the productivity of aboveground coarse woody biomass and species richness at individual species and community levels in two large and fully stem‐mapped temperate forest plots in northeastern China. Although productivity–diversity relationships (PDRs) have been investigated for different forest ecosystems, specific patterns have rarely been documented for individual species. In our study, the PDR patterns were found to be scale dependent at the community level in both research forests. Productivity is positively linked with species richness at the 20 × 20 m sampling scale. At the 40 × 40 m scale, however, significantly positive PDRs were only observed in the mature forest. A summary statistic combining both productivity and richness characteristics was used to investigate whether and at which spatial scale individual species show positive, negative, or neutral PDRs. The results show that 66.7% of all focal species exhibited positive or negative PDRs in the near‐mature forest, while 64.3% exhibited positive or negative PDRs in the mature forest. Contrary to expectations, there were few species showing positive PDRs in either forest. PDR patterns were found to be scale dependent in both forest types: Negative PDRs dominate at close neighborhoods in the near‐mature forest, while both positive and negative PDRs were found in the mature forest. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis that evaluates the PDRs of individual species based on facilitative and competitive effects in their neighborhoods.
Demystifying governance and its role for transitions in urban social–ecological systems
Authors: Muñoz‐Erickson Tischa A. , Campbell Lindsay K. , Childers Daniel L. , Grove J. Morgan , Iwaniec David M. , Pickett Steward T. A. , Romolini Michele , Svendsen Erika S.
Published: November 2016

Governance is key to sustainable urban transitions. Governance is a system of social, power, and decision‐making processes that acts as a key driver of resource allocation and use, yet ecologists—even urban ecologists–seldom consider governance concepts in their work. Transitions to more sustainable futures are becoming increasingly important to the management of many ecosystems and landscapes, and particularly so for urban systems. We briefly identify and synthesize important governance dimensions of urban sustainability transitions, using illustrations from cities in which long‐term social–ecological governance research is underway. This article concludes with a call to ecologists who are interested in environmental stewardship, and to urban ecologists in particular, to consider the role of governance as a driver in the dynamics of the systems they study.
Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak seedling establishment in southern California mountains
Authors: Davis Frank W. , Sweet Lynn C. , Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Franklin Janet , McCullough Ian , Flint Alan , Flint Lorraine , Dingman John R. , Regan Helen M. , Syphard Alexandra D. , Hannah Lee , Redmond Kelly , Moritz Max A.
Published: November 2016

Seedling establishment is a critical step that may ultimately govern tree species’ distribution shifts under environmental change. Annual variation in the location of seed rain and microclimates results in transient “windows of opportunity” for tree seedling establishment across the landscape. These establishment windows vary at fine spatiotemporal scales that are not considered in most assessments of climate change impacts on tree species range dynamics and habitat displacement. We integrate field seedling establishment trials conducted in the southern Sierra Nevada and western Tehachapi Mountains of southern California with spatially downscaled grids of modeled water‐year climatic water deficit (CWDwy) and mean August maximum daily temperature (Tmax) to map historical and projected future microclimates suitable for establishment windows of opportunity forQuercus douglasii, a dominant tree species of warm, dry foothill woodlands, andQ. kelloggii, a dominant of cooler, more mesic montane woodlands and forests. Based on quasi‐binomial regression models,Q. douglasiiseedling establishment is significantly associated with modeledCWDwyand to a lesser degree with modeledTmax.Q. kelloggiiseedling establishment is most strongly associated withTmaxand best predicted by a two‐factor model includingCWDwyandTmax. Establishment niche models are applied to explore recruitment window dynamics in the western Tehachapi Mountains, where these species are currently widespread canopy dominants. Establishment windows are projected to decrease by 50–95%, shrinking locally to higher elevations and north‐facing slopes by the end of this century depending on the species and climate scenario. These decreases in establishment windows suggest the potential for longer‐term regional population declines of the species. While many additional processes regulate seedling establishment and growth, this study highlights the need to account for topoclimatic controls and interannual climatic variation when assessing how seedling establishment and colonization processes could be affected by climate change.
Trifluoromethyl/Perfluoroalkyl Corannulenes: Directed Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization
Authors: Xia Yeqing , Guo TianJian , Baldridge Kim K. , Siegel Jay S.
Published: November 2016

Copper‐mediated methods for the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl‐substituted corannulene derivatives have been developed, including long‐chain derivatives such as perfluorooctyl. The moderate to high yields of these mild and selective methods enable the production of sufficient amounts of material to conduct extensive electrochemical and photophysical measurements on a cognate series of compounds. The electrochemical measurements reproduce well previous measurements. The optical measurements display a constant set of electronic transitions across the series.
Platinum Nanoparticles Modified with Perfluorinated Alkylamines as a Model Cathode Catalyst for Fuel Cells
Authors: Miyabayashi Keiko , Miyake Mikio
Published: November 2016

Platinum nanoparticles (NPs) modified with undecafluorohexylamine (UFHA) and octylamine were synthesized as a novel model cathode catalyst for fuel cells. The modified Pt NPs were well characterized by FTIR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. These NPs supported on carbon black were applied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The UFHA‐modified Pt NP catalyst showed high electrocatalytic activity and durability compared to a commercial catalyst. Besides suppression of undesired oxide formation on the Pt surface, the affinity between the perfluorinated alkyl chains of UFHA and Nafion® improved the catalyst activity by creating a desirable proton conduction path. Additionally, UFHA modification improved durability by suppressing Pt dissolution and carbon corrosion because of restricted water accessibility. The β‐oxide formation, which is responsible for Pt dissolution, was significantly attenuated by surface modification.
Spectroscopic biomarkers of motor cortex developmental plasticity in hemiparetic children after perinatal stroke
Authors: Carlson Helen L. , MacMaster Frank P. , Harris Ashley D. , Kirton Adam
Published: November 2016

Perinatal stroke causes hemiparetic cerebral palsy and lifelong motor disability. Bilateral motor cortices are key hubs within the motor network and their neurophysiology determines clinical function. Establishing biomarkers of motor cortex function is imperative for developing and evaluating restorative interventional strategies. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) quantifies metabolite concentrations indicative of underlying neuronal health and metabolism in vivo. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided MRS to investigate motor cortex metabolism in children with perinatal stroke. Children aged 6–18 years with MRI‐confirmed perinatal stroke and hemiparetic cerebral palsy were recruited from a population‐based cohort. Metabolite concentrations were assessed using a PRESS sequence (3T, TE = 30 ms, voxel = 4 cc). Voxel location was guided by functional MRI activations during finger tapping tasks. Spectra were analysed using LCModel. Metabolites were quantified, cerebral spinal fluid corrected and compared between groups (ANCOVA) controlling for age. Associations with clinical motor performance (Assisting Hand, Melbourne, Box‐and‐Blocks) were assessed. Fifty‐two participants were studied (19 arterial, 14 venous, 19 control). Stroke participants demonstrated differences between lesioned and nonlesioned motor cortex N‐acetyl‐aspartate [NAA mean concentration = 10.8 ± 1.9 vs. 12.0 ± 1.2, P < 0.01], creatine [Cre 8.0 ± 0.9 vs. 7.4 ± 0.9, P < 0.05] and myo‐Inositol [Ins 6.5 ± 0.84 vs. 5.8 ± 1.1, P < 0.01]. Lesioned motor cortex NAA and creatine were strongly correlated with motor performance in children with arterial but not venous strokes. Interrogation of motor cortex by fMRI‐guided MRS is feasible in children with perinatal stroke. Metabolite differences between hemispheres, stroke types and correlations with motor performance support functional relevance. MRS may be valuable in understanding the neurophysiology of developmental neuroplasticity in cerebral palsy. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1574–1587, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How reliable is DFT in predicting relative energies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers? comparison of functionals from different rungs of jacob's ladder
Authors: Karton Amir
Published: November 2016

Density functional theory (DFT) is the only quantum‐chemical avenue for calculating thermochemical/kinetic properties of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as graphene nanoflakes. Using CCSD(T)/CBS PAH isomerization energies, we find that all generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and meta GGA DFT functionals have severe difficulties in describing isomerization energies in PAHs. The poor performance of these functionals is demonstrated by the following root‐mean‐square deviations (RMSDs) obtained for a database of C14H10 and C18H12 isomerization energies. The RMSDs for the GGAs range between 6.0 (BP86‐D3) and 23.0 (SOGGA11) and for the meta GGAs they range between 3.5 (MN12‐L) and 11.9 (τ‐HCTH) kJ mol−1. These functionals (including the dispersion‐corrected methods) systematically and significantly underestimate the isomerization energies. A consequence of this behavior is that they all predict that chrysene (rather than triphenylene) is the most stable C18H12 isomer. A general improvement in performance is observed along the rungs of Jacob's Ladder; however, only a handful of functionals from rung four give good performance for PAH isomerization energies. These include functionals with high percentages (40–50%) of exact Hartree–Fock exchange such as the hybrid GGA SOGGA11‐X (RMSD = 1.7 kJ mol−1) and the hybrid‐meta GGA BMK (RMSD = 1.3 kJ mol−1). Alternatively, the inclusion of lower percentages (20–30%) of exact exchange in conjunction with an empirical dispersion correction results in good performance. For example, the hybrid GGA PBE0‐D3 attains an RMSD of 1.5 kJ mol−1, and the hybrid‐meta GGAs PW6B95‐D3 and B1B95‐D3 result in RMSDs below 1 kJ mol−1. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Origination of antlerogenesis
Authors: Heckeberg Nicola S.
Published: November 2016

Antlers are unique appendages. They are shed and rebuilt at intervals, and are synapomorphic for all living Cervidae (except for the Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis, in which they have presumably been lost). The antlerogenic process is controlled by a complex interaction of fluctuating levels of several hormones, most importantly testosterone. The oldest antler remains are recorded from the early Miocene; these have been interpreted as non‐deciduous appendages because of supposed permanent skin coverage and the lack of a burr (a well‐developed osseous protuberance around the base of the antler, which is always present in extant cervids). The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that antler shedding was possible in these early Miocene cervids. Antlers of all extant and eight Miocene cervid genera, including burr‐less antler fragments of the earliest cervids Procervulus, Ligeromeryx, and Lagomeryx were studied. An extensive comparative morphological analysis of external features of the antler, and of the abscission area and the base of the antler in particular, was undertaken. The results indicate that a regular, porous, and rugose abscission surface at the proximal end of the antler indicates antler shedding in both living and fossil cervids. The antler shedding mechanism must therefore have already been present in all early/mid Miocene cervid genera included in this study. On this basis, it is suggested that the presence of a burr is not prerequisite in order to shed antlers, that the presence of perpetual antlers has not yet been verified, and that the process of shedding and regeneration developed with the first appearance of these organs. This insight is particularly important for the systematic classification of early Miocene species as Cervidae, because the absence of the antler shedding and rebuilding mechanism would exclude them from the taxon Cervidae and from any relationship with extant cervids. J. Morphol. 278:182–202, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Re‐epithelialization of large wound in paedomorphic and metamorphic axolotls
Authors: Huang Ting‐Yu , Chang Chun‐Che , Cheng Nai‐Chen , Wang Mu‐Hui , Chiou Ling‐Ling , Lee Kuang‐Lun , Lee Hsuan‐Shu
Published: November 2016

Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) may heal their skin wounds scar‐free in both paedomorphs and metamorphs. In previous studies on small punch skin wounds, rapid re‐epithelialisation was noted in these two axolotl morphs. However, large wound size in mammals may affect wound healing. In this study, large circumferential full thickness excision wounds on the hind limbs were created on juvenile paedomorphic and metamorphic axolotls. The results showed re‐epithelialisation was more quickly initiated in paedomorphs than in metamorphs after wounding. The migrating rate of epidermis on the wound bed was faster in paedomorphs than in metamorphs and thus completion of re‐epithelialisation was faster in paedomorphs than in metamorphs. Within these re‐epithelialisation periods, neither basement membrane nor dermis was reformed. Epidermal cell proliferation was detected by EdU‐labelling technique. In the normal unwounded skin, epidermal proliferation rate was higher in paedomorphs than in metamorphs. After wounding, the epidermal proliferation rate was significantly lower in the migrating front on the wound bed than in the normal skin in paedomorphs. The EdU‐labelling rate between normal skin and migration front was not different in metamorphs. Lacking of more proliferating epidermal cells on the wound bed indicated that the new epidermis here derived rather from migrating epidermal cells than from cell proliferation in situ. In conclusion, re‐epithelialisation in the large wound might be fully completed in both morphs despite it was initiated earlier and with faster rate in paedomorphs than in metamorphs. The new epidermis on the wound bed derived mainly from cell migration than by cell proliferation in the re‐epithelialisation period. J. Morphol. 278:228–235, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Impact of the introduction of computerised physician order entry (CPOE) on the surveillance of restricted antimicrobials and compliance with policy
Authors: Metcalfe Julie , Lam Alice , Lam Skip S. H. , de Clifford Jan‐Marie , Schramm Petra
Published: November 2016

Background

Prescribers at a 400‐bed metropolitan teaching hospital applied for approval to prescribe restricted antimicrobials using Guidance DS® (GDS), an electronic antimicrobial approval system (EAAS). The implementation of Cerner Millennium® (CM), a computerised physician order entry system (CPOE), necessitated a new but cumbersome workflow for prescribers. This prompted an evaluation of the value of a stand‐alone EAAS, which has no interface with a CPOE, for antimicrobial stewardship.

Aim

This study compares the performance of an EAAS and CPOE, used alone and in combination, for surveillance of restricted antimicrobials and compliance with antimicrobial restriction policy.

Method

General medical and surgical patients prescribed restricted antimicrobials over three defined periods were retrospectively recruited; period one (P1) used GDS plus National Inpatient Medication Chart, period two (P2), GDS plus CM, and period three (P3), CM alone. For each period, 100 medical and 100 surgical restricted antimicrobial orders were collected. Data collection included prescribing date, indication, approvals obtained, and time to approval. Surveillance rate and compliance was compared.

Results

The introduction of CM improved surveillance from 10.5% (P1) to 65% (P2) and 100% (P3) via a CM reporting module (p < 0.0001). Compliance improved from 6% (P1), to 55% (P2) and 76% (P3) (p < 0.0001). Documentation of a clear/complete indication improved from 10% (P1) to 56.5% (P2) and 76.5% (P3) (p < 0.0001). Approvals obtained within 24 h of prescribing improved from 61.9% (P1), to 96.9% (P2), and 100% (P3).

Conclusion

Cerner Millennium®, with customisation, optimises surveillance and significantly improves compliance with policy, negating the need for a stand‐alone EAAS.
A spectroelectrochemical investigation of nanoparticle and molecular resonances in surface enhanced Raman scattering from crystal violet and malachite green
Authors: Dykstra Haidee M. , Hall Simon B. , Waterland Mark R.
Published: November 2016

The interaction between nanoparticle plasmonic states and molecular electronic states is central to the large enhancements observed in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this work, we use a model previously used in a fully quantum mechanical description of SERS to explain the enhancement of nontotally symmetric modes for crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) adsorbed on silver nanoparticles. Our explanation is consistent with recent observations of the absorption spectra of dyes on silver nanoparticles that show the absence of charge‐transfer in these systems. Resonance with plasmon and molecular states explains the enhancement of nontotally symmetric modes, with enhancement dominated by the plasmon states. Spectroelectrochemical SERS studies using the same silver nanoparticles that are used to generate SERS in solution show increased SERS intensity for CV with positive potential up to +0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl), consistent with a red‐shifted plasmon resonance, and decreasing intensity with more positive potentials, consistent with oxidation of the silver nanoparticles. Both crystal violet and malachite green show similar spectroelectrochemical behaviour with 514.5 nm excitation. Our spectroelectrochemical data show that SERS intensities from silver nanoparticles can be optimised with appropriately applied potentials. This work has highlighted the need for more detailed studies of the spectroelectrochemistry of dyes adsorbed on silver nanoparticles to more fully understand how SERS intensities respond to applied potentials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Grazing Alters Soil Trace Gas Fluxes from Grasslands in the Foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Canada
Authors: Gao Xinlei , Thomas Ben W. , Beck Ryan , Thompson Don J. , Zhao Mengli , Willms Walter D. , Hao Xiying
Published: November 2016

Long‐term cattle grazing may degrade grassland soils, but how soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes respond to long‐term cattle grazing is poorly understood. Therefore, we quantified soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in response to four levels (none, light, heavy, very heavy) of long‐term (>65 years) cattle grazing on a rough fescue grassland in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Canada over three grazing seasons. The grazed grassland soils emitted 37 to 51% more CO2 than non‐grazed soils. Grazed grassland soils were small CH4 sinks and small N2O sources each season, and their cumulative fluxes were significantly affected by a cattle stocking rate × year interaction, indicating the grazing effect was influenced by environmental conditions. Soil CH4 uptake was negatively correlated with soil moisture (r = −0·59). The 2013 grazing season had about 41% greater precipitation than average and grazing significantly decreased CH4 uptake 31 to 38% compared with non‐grazed soils. The N2O emissions were 122 to 179% greater with heavy and very heavy grazing than none in the wet season, unaffected by grazing in the normal precipitation season and 72% lower with light grazing than none in the dry season. Predicting trace gas fluxes from grazed grassland soils across space and time is difficult because of interactions among weather conditions, edaphic properties and grazing intensity. However, long‐term cattle grazing increased soil CO2 fluxes, while the grazing effect on CH4 uptake depended on precipitation and the soil N2O flux responded as a function of grazing intensity and precipitation. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.