bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕХНОГЕННЫЕ ОПОЛЗНИ В ОВРАЖНО-БАЛОЧНЫХ СИСТЕМАХ САРАТОВА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГЛЕБУЧЕВА ОВРАГА), "Геоморфология"
Authors: Шешнёв А.С.
Published: September 2018

Рассматриваются техногенные оползни, появление которых связано с хозяйственной деятельностью, развитые на склонах сохранившегося в трансформированном виде в центральной части г. Саратова овражно-балочного комплекса - Глебучева оврага. В результате развития оползневых процессов происходит деформация зданий и сооружений, что создает реальную угрозу жизни населения. Проведены мониторинговые обследования (маршрутные наблюдения, инженерно-геологические и экологические изыскания). Ретроспективный анализ архивных картографических материалов позволил проследить развитие овражно-балочного комплекса в исторической динамике. Геолого-геоморфологические условия территории благоприятны для развития опасного процесса, но ключевым фактором служит антропогенный: добыча суглинков и глин, подрезки склонов, обводнение и сброс бытовых вод, пригрузка и застройка склонов. Противооползневые мероприятия должны сопровождаться комплексной рекультивацией земель овражно-балочного комплекса с переустройством склонов и их закреплением растительностью, дренажом поверхностных и подземных вод. Рекомендуется долину Глебучева оврага превратить в рекреационную парковую зону с выходом к набережной Волгоградского водохранилища.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИТОЛОГО-ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ ЦЕНТРА РУССКОЙ РАВНИНЫ, "Геоморфология"
Authors: Судакова Н.Г. , Антонов С.И. , Введенская А.И. , Костомаха В.А.
Published: September 2018

Проведено комплексное литолого-геоморфологическое районирование центра Русской равнины, на основании которого выявлены региональные характеристики морфолитосистем. Составлена карта территориальных подразделений морфолитоструктур на провинции и палеогеографические зоны. В легенде представлена сводка характерных геоморфологических и литологических показателей региональных морфолитосистем. В результате сравнительного анализа установлены важнейшие закономерности формирования и тенденции пространственной изменчивости характеристик: а) провинциальная морфоструктурная и геологическая унаследованность; б) палеогеографически обусловленная зональность морфоскульптур, типов строения разрезов и фациально-генетического разнообразия; в) ландшафтно-климатическая зависимость и региональная специфика экзогенных процессов рельефообразования и осадконакопления. Выявленные региональные закономерности и характерные черты развития морфолитосистем могут быть использованы при палеогеографических реконструкциях и межрегиональных корреляционных построениях, а также в целях оценки состояния и прогноза геоэкологической устойчивости природной среды.
An experimental correlation for mass transfer flux of CO2 reactive absorption into aqueous MEA‐PZ blended solution
Authors: Mirzaei Fahimeh , Ghaemi Ahad
Published: September 2018

In this study, the thermodynamics and mass transfer of CO2 absorption in the aqueous monoethanolamine‐piperazine blended solution have been studied. A correlation is proposed for the mass transfer flux of CO2 reactive absorption. The effective parameters on the mass transfer flux are considered in both the liquid and gas phases using dimensional analysis Pi‐Buckingham theorem. The effective variables were extracted as a dimensionless parameter. The dimensionless parameters are calculated from experimental data presented in the literature. The unknown constants of the mass transfer flux correlation are obtained using nonlinear regression. In the proposed correlation, the effect of operating parameters including the partial pressure, temperature, and also the dimensionless parameters of the film parameter, enhancement factor, and loading are investigated. The results showed that by increasing the loading and film parameter, the mass transfer flux was reduced. The mean absolute deviation in the proposed correlation for mass transfer flux was about 4.5%, which indicates the high accuracy of the predicted equation.
Fabricating a Continuous Fiber Silver‐Zinc Battery with Micro‐Sized Diameter
Authors: Lee Jae Myeong , Kim Ji Hwan , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: September 2018

Yarn‐ or fiber‐structured batteries have been studied steadily due to their huge advantages such as light weight, small size and flexibility. Although some fiber structured batteries were reported, large size and complicated fabrication process still remain to be major challenges in developing practical battery systems. In order to address these problems, we fabricated a micro‐sized and continuous Ag−Zn fiber battery using wet spinning and electrodeposition. This simple and easy process enables to obtain MWNT fiber electrodes with a length of more than 30 cm and a diameter of about 80 μm. Silver and zinc were deposited and formed nano‐porous structures on the as‐prepared wet spun fiber electrodes. Consequently, the Ag−Zn aqueous fiber battery showed an areal capacity of 0.063 mAh/cm2. Our fiber structured battery could be applicable as energy source of portable, wearable, and micro‐sized electronics.
Working poor and working nonpoor cancer survivors: Work‐related and employment disparities
Authors: Swanberg Jennifer E. , Nichols Helen M. , Vanderpool Robin C. , Rosenblatt Paula , Tracy J. Kathleen
Published: September 2018

Background

Many cancer survivors face challenges remaining at work during treatment or returning to work posttreatment. Workplace supports can ease the strain associated with managing the cancer‐work interface. Limited research has examined the employment experiences of low‐wage earning survivors, who are less likely to have access to workplace supports, overlooking a factor that may influence survivors' employment outcomes.

Aims

This study assessed differences in employment experiences between working poor (WP) and working nonpoor (WNP) cancer survivors in the United States.

Methods and Results

Data from the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and the 2011 MEPS Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Supplement were analyzed to evaluate differences in workplace supports, cancer‐related psychological job distress, productivity, and employment outcomes between WP and WNP cancer survivors. The sample included adults diagnosed with cancer within 5 years prior to survey completion and engaged in paid employment since diagnosis. Working poor respondents had income below 200% of the poverty level. Chi‐square tests assessed differences between WP (n = 57) and WNP (n = 164) cancer survivors' demographic, cancer, and employment characteristics; cancer‐related psychological job distress; employee productivity; and employment outcome measures. Multiple logistic regression analyses determined the independent association between WP status and these same variables controlling for sociodemographic confounders. Working poor survivors were more likely to take unpaid time off, change from full‐time to part‐time, to report cancer‐related psychological job distress, negative influences on job productivity and employment outcomes, and less likely to have health insurance. In logistic regression analyses, those who took unpaid time off were more likely to be WP; being WP was also associated with poorer employment outcomes, after controlling for sociodemographics differences between WP and WNP.

Conclusion

Working poor survivors had fewer workplace supports and poorer employment outcomes than WNP survivors, highlighting important occupational disparities for cancer survivors. Areas for future research are discussed.
Quality control and homogenization of the Belgian historical temperature data
Authors: Delvaux Charles , Ingels Romain , Vrábeĺ Vladimír , Journée Michel , Bertrand Cédric
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a new dataset of quality controlled and homogenized monthly mean air temperature for Belgium. After in‐depth data quality control, monthly maximum and minimum temperature time series have been homogenized with the HOMER software on the basis of available metadata. Homogenization results are provided for 61 series over the period 1954–2015 and for 16 series starting before 1931 including eight covering the full time period 1880–2015. The new dataset of monthly homogenized series allows to make a robust analysis of the temperature evolution in Belgium at a local scale from 1880 to nowadays. Trends in maximum and minimum temperatures indicate on average a similar and statistically significant warming of about 0.3 °C/decade from 1954 and of about 0.15 °C/decade from 1880 with moderate spatial variations. An abrupt warming is observed at the end of the 1980s, especially in summer and spring seasons.
Performance Improvement of Assembled Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Network/Si Solar Cells Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Shiting , Yang Liusi , Wu Huaisheng , Yuan Yongjun , Ji Zhenguo , Cao Anyuan
Published: September 2018

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising material for photovoltaic applications. Here in this work, we first adopted an intriguing blown bubble method to assemble multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into conductive and transparent networks, which were then applied to construct heterojunction solar cells with n‐type silicon (Si). The MWCNT/Si solar cell was relatively stable in air, and its cell performance was much reinforced after Pt nanoparticles (NPs) decorated due to the enhanced light absorption and greatly reduced sheet resistance of Pt‐hybridized networks. The MWCNT−Pt/Si cell could achieve a final power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.4% with chemical doping. Moreover, in situ grown Au NPs were employed to fill the crevices in MWCNT networks generated during cell fabrication, and its PCE was significantly increased to 8‐fold of the cracked MWCNT/Si cells by light absorbing and p‐doping of Au NPs. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the metal NP‐improved MWCNT/Si solar cell is convenient, easily scaled up and promising in energy harvesting applications.
Governance by targets and the performance of cross‐sector partnerships: Do partner diversity and partnership capabilities matter?
Authors: Alonso José M. , Andrews Rhys
Published: September 2018

Research Summary: This study examines the effectiveness of targets as a tool for the contractual governance of cross‐sector partnerships. Applying a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we find that the use of explicit targets within performance contracts is an effective means for improving partnership outcomes, especially where partner diversity and partnership capabilities are high. Furthermore, we find evidence that target intensity is associated with stronger partnership performance. These findings suggest that contractual forms with explicit targets may be a particularly successful approach for enhancing the public value created by cross‐sector partnerships. A downward turn in performance following the removal of targets lends further support to this conclusion.

Managerial Summary: Cross‐sector partnerships have become a vital means for creating value in pursuit of the public interest. In particular, the effective management of these partnerships is thought to hold the key to addressing the strategic and organizational challenges posed by major social and environmental issues, such as big data and climate change. In this article, we combine data on waste recycling from 2003 to 2014 with information on performance contracts between local cross‐sector partnerships and higher levels of government in England to quantify the impact of governance by targets on the performance of those partnerships. The benefits of target‐setting for partnership performance that we identify are even stronger when partner diversity is high and partnership capabilities are strong. We discuss the managerial and policy implications of our findings.
Representation and the active consumer
Authors: Butlin Patrick
Published: September 2018

One of the central tasks for naturalistic theories of representation is to say what it takes for something to be a representation, and some leading theories have been criticised for being too liberal. Prominent discussions of this problem have proposed a producer-oriented solution; it is argued that representations must be produced by systems employing perceptual constancy mechanisms. However, representations may be produced by simple transducers if they are consumed in the right way. It is characteristic of representations to be consumed by systems which are capable of independent action. This paper defends this claim; discusses more precise, naturalistic formulations; and shows how it can illuminate the explanatory payoffs which science achieves by appealing to representation.
The Effect of Rhenium Addition on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Inconel 718 Processed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Majchrowicz Kamil , Pakieła Zbigniew , Kamiński Janusz , Płocińska Magdalena , Kurzynowski Tomasz , Chlebus Edward
Published: September 2018

In this study, the effect of rhenium addition (2, 4, and 6 wt pct) and building orientation (0 and 90 deg) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated. Microstructure characterization showed that the as-built IN718-Re alloys consist of columnar grains growing parallel to the building direction (Z-axis). Each columnar grain was characterized by a fine columnar/cellular dendritic substructure with Nb- and Mo-rich Laves phases and MC-type carbides embedded in the interdendritic spaces. Rhenium addition segregated to γ phase dendrites which resulted in an increase of the columnar/cellular substructures width with increasing Re content. Due to a strong microstructure anisotropy of SLM-processed IN718-Re alloys, the corrosion properties were examined for mutually perpendicular planes: XY (90 deg samples) and XZ (0 deg). The presence of rhenium enhanced the corrosion resistance of IN718 alloy in 0.1 M Na2SO4and NaCl solutions at both exposed planes. The corrosion current density was significantly reduced for IN718-Re alloys and increasing Re content correlated with a more positive shift in corrosion potential. Moreover, the XY plane possessed better corrosion resistance than the XZ plane due to the higher fraction of laser overlapping areas observed for the XZ plane.
“Under the Skin” and into the Gut: Social Epidemiology of the Microbiome
Authors: Dowd Jennifer Beam , Renson Audrey
Published: September 2018

Purpose of the Review

As the science of the microbiome advances, social epidemiologists can contribute to understanding how the broader social environment shapes the microbiome over the life course. This review summarizes current research and describes potential mechanisms of the social epidemiology of the microbiome.

Recent Findings

Most existing literature linking the social environment and the microbiome comes from animal models, focused on the impact of social interactions and psychosocial stress. Suggestive evidence of the importance of early life exposures, health behaviors, and the built environment also point to the importance of the social environment for the microbiome in humans.

Social epidemiology as a field is well poised to contribute expertise in theory and measurement of the broader social environment to this new area, and to consider both the upstream and downstream mechanisms by which this environment gets “under the skin” and “into the gut.” As population-level microbiome data becomes increasingly available, we encourage investigation of the multi-level determinants of the microbiome and how the microbiome may link the social environment and health.
An updated Alzheimer hypothesis: Complement C3 and risk of Alzheimer‘s disease—A cohort study of 95,442 individuals
Authors: Rasmussen Katrine Laura , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Nielsen Sune Fallgaard
Published: September 2018

Introduction

We tested the hypothesis that low plasma complement C3 is observationally and genetically associated with high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

We studied 95,442 individuals enrolled in the Copenhagen General Population Study. In genetic analyses, we further included 8367 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In the two studies, 1189 and 35 developed AD during median 8 years follow‐up.

Results

The multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio for risk of AD for a one standard deviation lower levels of complement C3 was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.19) in all individuals and 1.66 (1.33–2.07) in APOE ε44 carriers. In Mendelian randomization, the corresponding genetic estimates were 1.66 (1.05–2.63) overall and 1.99 (0.52–7.65) in APOE ε44 carriers.

Discussion

Low baseline levels of complement C3 were associated with high risk of AD. The risk was amplified in APOE ε44 highly susceptible individuals, and these findings were substantiated by a Mendelian randomization approach, potentially implying causality. Based on these findings, we present and thoroughly discuss an updated Alzheimer hypothesis incorporating low complement C3 levels.
Get smart: why biometric cards will reshape the payments industry
Authors: Sealy Phil
Published: September 2018

Payment card vendors are hoping that biometric-based cards will provide an innovative platform for them to differentiate themselves from low-cost competitors. They aim to use biometric-based cards as a higher-value proposition, creating a new revenue opportunity in a sector where average selling prices (ASPs) continue to be challenged and revenue margins continue to fall.
Adapting LMX Theory to Forthcoming Changes: Two Different Frameworks
Authors: Graen George , Canedo Julio C. , Grace Miriam
Published: September 2018

The focal article authors have done the field a welcome service by alerting us to some of the forthcoming changes in the world of the knowledge worker. We agree that emerging changes in the structure and processes of work will need to be accommodated by new design of work—a new millennial workforce, new definitions of work, innovative practice, and the transition from a concentration on improved quality of manufacturing to a primary drive toward high technology driven innovation. The most radical adaptation may be the change from organizations designed for stability to those designed for flexibility (Chernyak-Hai & Rabenu, 2018; Grace & Graen, 2014).
The Rules of Social Exchange: Unchanged but More Important Than Ever
Authors: Frieder Rachel E.
Published: September 2018

Social exchange theory (SET) is one of the most prominent and well-known theories in the organizational sciences literature (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). In the focal article, Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu (2018) asserted that SET needs to be adjusted to account for changes in the nature of work, workers, and workplace characteristics. Specifically, they identify that workplaces are now more volatile, complex, uncertain, and ambiguous (Bennett & Lemoine, 2014), and work itself has become more flexible, virtual, and technology dependent; accordingly, today's workers are sourced from a global talent pool and more frequently occupy nontraditional employment arrangements (e.g., freelancing). It is undisputable that the workplace landscape is vastly different from that of the workplace landscape during which early forms of SET were originally articulated (Gouldner, 1960; Homans, 1958).
How We Are Doing What We Are Doing: Network Mechanisms of Gender Representation in I-O Psychology
Authors: Sterling Christopher , DeJordy Rich , Olson-Buchanan Julie
Published: September 2018

The field of psychology has a long history of tracing the lineage of modern day psychologists back to their academic roots (Benjamin, Durkin, Link, Vestal, & Accord, 1992), and industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology is no exception (Culbertson, 2016). Why do we do it? Well, it is intriguing to see how our initial training may be linked back to some of the pioneers of our field. Perhaps it also represents how we are connected with one another—through our extended family relationships. But of course an academic family tree only reflects a portion of how we might be interconnected with one another—certainly our networks go much further than our dissertation chairs. Indeed, they might include our collaborators, coworkers and former coworkers, fellow former graduate students, and a host of people with whom we have connected at conferences or through other professional and personal relationships, and the composition of these networks, arguably, matters.
SET: Still a Relevant Theory for the Future of Work
Authors: Kurtessis James N. , Northon Lindsay , Streets Valerie N.
Published: September 2018

Few would argue that the workplace has changed tremendously over a short period of time and will continue to evolve in the years to come. Regardless of whether change is major or minor, lightning fast or painfully slow, change in and of itself may not be sufficient cause for substantial revision of existing theories, such as social exchange theory (SET); the formulation of entirely new theories; or the creation of new constructs. This is for two reasons: (a) the possibility that we overestimate the impact of change on the workplace, and (b) change can be readily incorporated into our existing theories. We expand on each of these points below and describe several possible macrolevel trends that may impact SET in the years to come.
ON OZAKI CLOSE-TO-CONVEX FUNCTIONS
Authors: ALLU VASUDEVARAO , THOMAS DEREK K. , TUNESKI NIKOLA
Published: September 2018

Let $f$ be analytic in $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$ and given by $f(z)=z+\sum _{n=2}^{\infty }a_{n}z^{n}$. We give sharp bounds for the initial coefficients of the Taylor expansion of such functions in the class of strongly Ozaki close-to-convex functions, and of the initial coefficients of the inverse function, together with some growth estimates.
The first record of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) on Crenimugil buchanani (Teleostei: Muglidae) from Thailand based on morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: Pakdee W. , Ogawa K. , Pornruseetriratn S. , Thaenkham U. , Yeemin T.
Published: September 2018

Ligophorus satunensis n. sp. was collected from the bluetail mullet, Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853), caught off Satun, Thailand, representing the first report of the Ligophorus species in Thailand. The new species is most similar to Ligophorus fenestrum Soo & Lim, 2012 in its fenestrated dorsal hamuli, a ventral bar with a long, bifurcated anteromedian protuberance (AMP) without lateral pieces, and a non-sclerotized vagina. However, it differs from the latter in its dorsal hamuli (up to two layers of fenestrations of the dorsal hamuli in L. satunensis n. sp. vs six layers in L. fenestrum), ventral hamuli (nonfenestrated vs fenestrated), penis (turning a full circle before reaching the genital pore vs turning less than half a circle), and its accessory piece (non-grooved basally and grooved distally vs simply grooved along its entire length). A single specimen, very similar to L. satunensis n. sp., obtained from the same host fish, which can be differentiated from the latter by a considerably shorter AMP of the ventral bar and a smaller and slender dorsal hamuli, is tentatively designated here as Ligophorus sp. Moreover, the phylogenetic trees constructed from the concatenated sequences of partial large-subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) regions support that L. satunensis n. sp. is a new species closely related to L. fenestrum.
Distribution of the newly invasive New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) in Thailand and its potential role as a paratenic host carrying Angiostrongylus malaysiensis larvae
Authors: Chaisiri K. , Dusitsittipon S. , Panitvong N. , Ketboonlue T. , Nuamtanong S. , Thaenkham U. , Morand S. , Dekumyoy P.
Published: September 2018

Invasive species constitute one of the most serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystems, and they potentially cause economic problems and impact human health. The globally invasive New Guinea flatworm, Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae), has been identified as a threat to terrestrial biodiversity, particularly soil-dwelling native species (e.g. molluscs, annelids and other land planarians), and is listed among 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species. We report here, for the first time, P. manokwari occurrences in many locations throughout Thailand, using voluntary digital public participation from the social network portals associated with the Thailand Biodiversity Conservation Group and collections of living flatworm specimens. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences confirmed that all collected flatworms were P. manokwari and placed them in the “world haplotype” clade alongside other previously reported specimens from France, Florida (USA), Puerto Rico, Singapore, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands. In addition, infective stage larvae (L3) of the nematode Angiostrongylus malaysiensis were found in the flatworm specimens, with a 12.4% infection rate (15/121 specimens examined). Platydemus manokwari occurrence in Thailand and its capacity to carry L3 of Angiostrongylus should be of concern to biodiversity conservation and human health practitioners, because this invasive flatworm species may be involved in the life cycle of angiostrongylid worms in Thailand.
The ineffectiveness of applying moisture to the ear on the incidence and severity of otic barotrauma for air passengers
Authors: Morse R P , Mitchell-Innes A
Published: September 2018

Objective

The application of moisture to the ear is anecdotally claimed to relieve the pain from otic barotrauma that can arise during aircraft descent. This claim was tested in a randomised double-blind study on an aircraft with eight participants heavily predisposed to barotrauma.

Methods

On the outward flight, half the participants wore ‘active’ devices that applied moisture to the external ear; the remainder wore placebo devices that contained no moisture, but were otherwise identical. On the return flight, the groups were reversed. Participants wore the devices from just before descent until landing, unless they experienced symptoms of barotrauma, in which case they switched to what they knew was an active device.

Results

There were no significant differences between conditions regarding the appearance of the tympanic membrane on landing or the discomfort levels immediately before and after any switch.

Conclusion

Applying moisture is ineffective for passengers heavily predisposed to otic barotrauma.
LE TRE ONDATE DELL'ESTREMISMO DI DESTRA IN GERMANIA OCCIDENTALE
Authors: Zimmermann Ekkart , Saalfeld Thomas
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

«Non sarà un secondo Hitler a sfidare lo stato di Bonn, nessun imitatore che possa accattivarsi la nostra attenzione. Sarà un originale senza precedenti, una personalità adeguata alle caratteristiche e ai bisogni del suo tempo. Le rassomiglianze risulteranno evidenti al massimo agli esperti, ma non all'elettorato di massa. La seduzione si avvicina alle sue vittime con immaginazione e fantasia, non secondo stereotipi e forme riconoscibili» (Neubauer 1985, 135, traduzione dal tedesco all'inglese degli Autori).
GLI EFFETTI DISTORSIVI DEL NUOVO SISTEMA ELETTORALE
Authors: Chiaramonte Alessandro
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

L'introduzione dei nuovi sistemi elettorali in Italia è stata accompagnata da un serrato dibattito in sede politica e scientifica sul grado di corrispondenza di tali meccanismi con gli obbiettivi insiti nella campagna e nel risultato referendario del 1993. L'interrogativo di fondo era se – alla prova dei fatti e, quindi, innestandosi nella reale situazione politica – le nuove regole si sarebbero rivelate idonee a produrre «esiti maggioritari». Ossia se, mediante i vincoli imposti alla competizione, avrebbero incentivato unalogica di aggregazione, premiando ampi schieramenti contrapposti e scoraggiando invece ifree riders, in vista di una possibile futura alternanza di governi.
LA STRUTTURAZIONE DEI SISTEMI PARTITICI NELLE NUOVE DEMOCRAZIE
Authors: Cotta Maurizio
Published: September 2018

Sistemi partitici e spazio politico nelle nuove democrazie

La ricostruzione di un sistema partitico competitivo dopo la caduta di un regime non democratico (che per definizione aveva soppresso il pluralismo partitico) non comporta soltanto la creazione (e poi eventualmente il consolidamento) di un numero maggiore o minore di partiti con le proprie identità ideologiche, programmatiche e organizzative, ma anche la definizione di uno spazio politico all'interno del quale queste unità partitiche interagiranno. In effetti nei sistemi politici consolidati le identità stesse delle singole unità partitiche possono essere pienamente determinate solo collocandole nella dimensione sistemica.
LA CRESCITA DEI POTERI REGOLATIVI NELLA COMUNITÀ EUROPEA
Authors: Majone Giandomenico
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

La rilevanza conferita dal Trattato di Maastricht al principio di sussidiarietà se da un lato rivela una diffusa preoccupazione circa la tendenza alla crescita dei poteri di regolazione di Bruxelles, solleva anche diversi interrogativi interessanti sotto il profilo teorico. In primo luogo, è possibile una sovra-regolazione al livello europeo, nonostante che i governi nazionali siano fortemente rappresentati ad ogni livello del processo decisionale? In secondo luogo, se è vero che gli stati membri si sforzano di preservare il più ampio margine possibile di sovranità e di autonomia nel policy-making, come dimostrano le forti resistenze agli interventi comunitari in aree quali la politica macroeconomica e la tassazione indiretta, perché allora essi hanno accettato molte misure regolative non previste dai trattati originari e non strettamente necessarie per il funzionamento del mercato comune? Infine, per quello che riguarda la qualità più che la quantità delle regole comunitarie, quanto è davvero possibile l'innovazione in un sistema dove i poteri formali di iniziativa della Commissione, così come le sue funzioni esecutive, sembrano essere così severamente controllati?
IL MODELLO SUD-EUROPEO Dl WELFARE STATE
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio
Published: September 2018

Un welfare del Sud?

Con il ritorno della democrazia e l'ingresso nella Comunità europea di Spagna, Portogallo e Grecia la visibilità dell'Europa meridionale è costantemente cresciuta nel corso dell'ultimo decennio. L'approssimarsi delle scadenze previste per l'Unione economico-monetaria e il dibattito sulla cosiddetta «dimensione sociale» hanno a loro volta attirato l'attenzione deipolicy makersnazionali e sovranazionali verso gli specifici problemi e le prospettive dei sistemi di welfare dei paesi latini. L'idea sottostante a questo nuovo interesse è che tali sistemi siano caratterizzati da una eredità comune e che si trovino oggi a fronteggiare sfide «regionali» anch'esse comuni nel nuovo contesto post-Maastricht.
FEDERALISMO E MOVIMENTI SOCIALI
Authors: Giugni Marco G.
Published: September 2018

L'idea di un'Italia federale è entrata nel dibattito pubblico nel corso degli ultimi anni. Una delle cause principali di questa avanzata è certamente l'ascesa della Lega, che del federalismo ha fatto il suo credo fondamentale. Recentemente, l'idea di trasformare l'Italia da paese centralizzato e unitario (non dimentichiamo comunque il relativo decentramento avvenuto a partire dagli anni settanta attraverso il rafforzamento delle regioni) a stato federale si è fatta strada in seno a molti partiti, tanto che nessuna forza politica sembra oggi opporsi in modo deciso a tale progetto di decentralizzazione territoriale e amministrativa del paese.
QUALE SECESSIONE IN ITALIA?
Authors: Barlucchi M. Chiara
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Tra le molte osservazioni ripetute dalla televisione o scritte sui giornali a proposito del rito leghista del 15 settembre 1996, fra finta bonomia, preoccupazione terrorizzante, giudizi di insufficienza o ricorso al patetico, una è degna di rilievo: «la forza della Repubblica è la libertà; è inconcepibile reprimere le idee ma è rischioso non capirne il senso» (Colombo 1996).

Sono state spese, difatti, molte parole per tentare di capire se si trattasse di un evento folkloristico o di una cosa seria con l'unico risultato di ammettere (in maniera più o meno esplicita) l'incapacità di decidere quale tra le due sia l'interpretazione adeguata e quando, eventualmente, la farsa smetta di essere tale.
ORDINE E MUTAMENTO NELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI
Authors: Colombo Alessandro
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Se è vero che i silenzi e le omissioni di una disciplina dicono, a volte, più di quanto dicano le sue parole, la riflessione post-bellica delle relazioni internazionali ha meno da dire sul mutamento internazionale di quanto questo abbia da dire sulle relazioni internazionali.

Quando si tireranno le somme della storia della politica internazionale del nostro secolo, infatti, essa apparirà come una successione di mutamenti colossali: dalla fine degli imperi asburgico, ottomano e germanico all'indomani della prima guerra mondiale, a quella degli imperi coloniali dopo la seconda, fino a quella dell'impero russo-sovietico che ha chiuso anche simbolicamente il Novecento. Tanto più sorprendente, quindi, è il fatto che di questi processi non sia rimasta quasi traccia nell'analisi scientifica della politica internazionale. Con alcune lodevoli eccezioni, fino alla fine degli anni settanta la gran parte dell'analisi della politica internazionale si concentrò su elementi statici, quando non finì per essere pura e semplice teoria del bipolarismo. Diversi elementi giocarono a favore di questa scelta (Gilpin 1989, 4-6): la priorità, consueta nelle scienze sociali, dell'analisi statica rispetto all'analisi dinamica (Schumpeter 1979), resa ancora più pervasiva dal successo della teoria dei sistemi; il progressivo declino di quella che K.J. Holsti definì la «grande teoria» (Holsti 1971), cioè dei tentativi di costruire una teoria generale delle relazioni internazionali; la contraddizione tra i colossali mutamenti che avvenivano nel Terzo Mondo e la matrice euro-occidentale della disciplina; la mancanza, soprattutto, di una «domanda» di teorie del mutamento, annullata anch'essa nel «lungo presente» del confronto bipolare.
PLURALISMO, MULTICULTURALISMO E ESTRANEI
Authors: Sartori Giovanni
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Il pluralismo è di moda. Ma le parole troppo popolari diventano oggetto di contesa e di conquista – dopotutto nomina numina – e così vengono abusate, distorte e trivializzate. Pertanto è bene ricostruire il concetto di pluralismo nella sua genesi e nel suo sviluppo storico, e così ancorare la parola alla storia della parola. Dal che risulterà che per quanto il concetto sia sempre stato, per così dire, elastico, non ne consegue che «pluralismo» sia una parola tuttofare atta a nobilitare quasiasi causa. A tirarli troppo anche gli elastici si rompono. Analogamente, più di tanto il concetto di pluralismo non può essere stiracchiato. O così sembra a me.
L'ATTIVITÀ LEGISLATIVA DEI GOVERNI AL TRAMONTO DELLA PRIMA REPUBBLICA
Authors: De Micheli Chiara
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Nel giudicare insoddisfacente il tasso di rendimento dei governi converge una parte autorevole degli analisti del sistema politico italiano, almeno fino agli inizi del presente decennio (Bibes 1974; Motta 1985; Allum 1993; Hine 1993; Regonini 1993; Cotta 1994; Fabbrini 1994; Morlino e Montero 1994; Calise 1994).
IL CAMBIAMENTO DEICLEAVAGESPOLITICI IN EUROPA
Authors: Kriesi Hanspeter
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

In questo lavoro discuterò un aspetto dell'opera di Stein Rokkan che ha prodotto un'ondata di recenti pubblicazioni e di cui io stesso mi sono occupato. Mi riferisco al ruolo deicleavagesnella politica dell'Europa occidentale contemporanea. Le principali argomentazioni del grande scienziato politico norvegese sulle strutture di conflitto nelle società dell'Europa occidentale e sulla loro trasposizione in sistemi partitici sono state proposte nel famoso saggioCleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voting Alignmentsche Rokkan scrisse con Seymour M. Lipset (Lipset e Rokkan 1967). La sua idea consisteva nel collegare le configurazioni dei sistemi partitici europei contemporanei alle divisioni sociali e culturali che caratterizzavano le società europee all'epoca della formazione dei sistemi partitici, nella seconda metà del diciannovesimo secolo. Quando emerse la politica democratica, queste divisioni tradizionali opponevano principalmente gruppi sociali definiti in termini di religione, classe, unità territoriale ed etnia. Come è noto, Lipset e Rokkan sostennero che queste divisioni tradizionali erano state politicamente «congelate» e che, all'epoca in cui scrivevano (1967), i sistemi partitici europei riflettevano ancora la struttura delle divisioni della società che era esistita nei primi anni '20, quando le masse popolari avevano fatto il loro ingresso nella politica democratica.
IL MODELLO SVIZZERO: UN FUTURO PER L'EUROPA?
Authors: Blondel Jean
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Parlar bene della Svizzera non è mai andato di moda. Se all'indomani della seconda guerra mondiale André Siegfried ne scriveva come di una democrazia modello («une démocratie témoin») (Siegfried 1947), molti altri – politici e giornalisti in particolare – l'hanno osteggiata per la sua ricchezza o per il suo neutralismo e, come sostengono alcuni, per il fatto che quella ricchezza poggiava su attività sordide legate allo stesso neutralismo. Senza arrivare a tanto, Harold Wilson, primo ministro britannico negli anni sessanta e settanta, non fu certo l'unico a stigmatizzare gli «gnomi di Zurigo»!
I SISTEMI ELETTORALI MISTI. UNA CLASSIFICAZIONE
Authors: Chiaramonte Alessandro
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

A partire dagli anni '20-30, epoca dell'introduzione della proporzionale in molti paesi e dell'avvio del processo di strutturazione della politica di massa (Rokkan 1970), e fino all'inizio di questo decennio, i sistemi elettorali dei regimi democratici hanno mostrato una straordinaria continuità.
SINDACATO E CONSOLIDAMENTO DEMOCRATICO
Authors: Grassi Davide
Published: September 2018

Introduzione

Le recenti transizioni democratiche in America latina e nell'Europa del Sud hanno messo in evidenza la speciale posizione dei sindacati tra le forze della società civile che reagiscono con un'accresciuta mobilitazione all'avvio della liberalizzazione in seno a regimi autoritari (Berins Collier e Mahoney 1997). Le organizzazioni sindacali, infatti, hanno generalmente la capacità di promuovere, in momenti critici, una mobilitazione più ampia ed efficace rispetto ad altri gruppi sociali. Esse non solo possiedono reti organizzative che, attraverso strutture più o meno permanenti, facilitano lo svolgimento di proteste e dimostrazioni, ma possono anche contare su schiere di militanti con specifici interessi in comune e su identità collettive politicamente definite. A differenza di gruppi come le organizzazioni degli studenti e le associazioni religiose o di quartiere, inoltre, i sindacati possono colpire e danneggiare direttamente l'economia attraverso rivendicazioni salariali e scioperi (Valenzuela 1988, 3; Cella 1990, 17). La concomitanza delle transizioni politiche più recenti con una perdurante e diffusa crisi economica e con ripetuti tentativi di stabilizzazione e riforma hanno reso ancora più temibile questa capacità. Utilizzando poteri coercitivi garantiti dallo stato, o la semplice forza della persuasione, il sindacato, d'altra parte, può convincere la propria base ad aspettare sino a che le riforme producano dei risultati, contribuendo così a ridurre i livelli del conflitto sociale (Przeworski 1991, 181).
Understanding the Crisis Symptoms of Representative Democracy: The New European Economic Governance and France's ‘Political Crisis’
Authors: Lux Julia
Published: September 2018

This article will investigate the ‘political crisis’ in France (Amable, 2017) to highlight two aspects often set aside in public and academic discussions: 1) the technocratic, neoliberal character of the European Union (EU) that limits democratic debate about political economic issues and 2) the socio-economic context the parties operate in. Using this perspective, I add to the debate on the inherent theoretical/conceptual tension between representative democracy and populism (Taggart, 2002) by showing how the ‘new economic governance’ increases the democratic problems of the EU by limiting the discursive space. Representative liberal democracy has particularly marginalised anti-capitalism at EU and national level. My analysis shows that the EU's discursive strategies are aligned to those of governing parties and the employers’ association. Left-wing actors and the Front National (FN) oppose the EU's discourse not necessarily for reasons of sovereignty but for political reasons concerning the politico-economic trajectory of France.
Identifying Applicant Faking in Job Interviews
Authors: Roulin Nicolas , Powell Deborah M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Applicants’ use of faking tactics could threaten the validity of employment interviews. We examined criterion-based content analysis (CBCA), an approach used in legal contexts, as a potential indicator of interviewee faking. We also examined the moderating role of storytelling in the faking-CBCA relationship. We conducted one experimental study, with 100 interviewees receiving instructions to respond honestly versus to exaggerate/invent responses, and one mock interview study, with self-reported faking from 111 interviewees. Responses were recorded, transcribed, and coded for CBCA and storytelling. Faking was associated with CBCA when interviewees freely engaged in faking tactics, an overall CBCA indicator was used, and interviewees’ responses contained story features. Additional analyses highlight that CBCA-based assessments of faking/honesty could reach up to 63.4% accuracy.
To Be Yourself or to Be Your Ideal Self?
Authors: Wille Lien , Van Hoye Greet , Weijters Bert , Rangarajan Deva , Carpentier Marieke
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Recruitment research on person–organization fit has typically focused on organizations’ fit with potential applicants’ actual self, not considering other possible self-images. Based on image congruity theory, we investigate how actual and ideal self-congruity relate to application intentions and intentions to spread word-of-mouth. In a first study, conducted in Belgium, actual and ideal self-congruity related positively to both outcomes. The relation with application intentions was equally positive for actual and ideal self-congruity. Ideal self-congruity showed a stronger positive relation with word-of-mouth intentions. A second study replicated these findings in the United States and tested for social adjustment concern (need to impress others) as a moderator. As social adjustment concern increased, relations of both outcomes with ideal (actual) self-congruity were stronger (weaker).
HS-1371, a novel kinase inhibitor of RIP3-mediated necroptosis
Authors: Park Han-Hee , Park Se-Yeon , Mah Shinmee , Park Jung-Hee , Hong Soon-Sun , Hong Sungwoo , Kim You-Sun
Published: September 2018

Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that usually occurs under apoptosis-deficient conditions. Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3, or RIPK3) is a central player in necroptosis, and its kinase activity is essential for downstream necroptotic signaling events. Since RIP3 kinase activity has been associated with various diseases, the development of specific RIP3 inhibitors is an attractive strategy for therapeutic application. In this study, we identified a potent RIP3 inhibitor, HS-1371, by the extensive screening of chemical libraries focused on kinases. HS-1371 directly binds to RIP3 in an ATP-competitive and time-independent manner, providing a mechanism of action. Moreover, the compound inhibited TNF-induced necroptosis but did not inhibit TNF-induced apoptosis, indicating that this novel inhibitor has a specific inhibitory effect on RIP3-mediated necroptosis via the suppression of RIP3 kinase activity. Our results suggest that HS-1371 could serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases involving RIP3 hyperactivation.
Oncogenic PI3K/AKT promotes the step-wise evolution of combination BRAF/MEK inhibitor resistance in melanoma
Authors: Irvine Mal , Stewart Ashleigh , Pedersen Bernadette , Boyd Suzanah , Kefford Richard , Rizos Helen
Published: September 2018

Nearly all patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma will progress on BRAF inhibitor monotherapy and combination BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy within the first year of therapy. In the vast majority of progressing melanomas, resistance occurs via the re-activation of MAPK signalling, commonly via alterations in BRAF, NRAS and MEK1/2. A small proportion of resistant melanomas rely on the activation of the compensatory PI3K/AKT signalling cascade, although activation of this pathway does not preclude patient responses to BRAF/MEK inhibition. We now show, that PI3K/AKT signalling via potent oncogenic PIK3CA and AKT3 mutants, is not sufficient to overcome proliferative arrest induced by BRAF/MEK inhibition, but rather enables the survival of a dormant population of MAPK-inhibited melanoma cells. The evolution of resistance in these surviving tumour cells was associated with MAPK re-activation and no longer depended on the initial PI3K/AKT-activating oncogene. This dynamic form of resistance alters signalling dependence and may lead to the evolution of tumour subclones highly resistant to multiple targeted therapies.
The FAK inhibitor BI 853520 exerts anti-tumor effects in breast cancer
Authors: Tiede Stefanie , Meyer-Schaller Nathalie , Kalathur Ravi Kiran Reddy , Ivanek Robert , Fagiani Ernesta , Schmassmann Philip , Stillhard Patrick , Häfliger Simon , Kraut Norbert , Schweifer Norbert , Waizenegger Irene C. , Bill Ruben , Christofori Gerhard
Published: September 2018

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that regulates a plethora of downstream signaling pathways essential for cell migration, proliferation and death, processes that are exploited by cancer cells during malignant progression. These well-established tumorigenic activities, together with its high expression and activity in different cancer types, highlight FAK as an attractive target for cancer therapy. We have assessed and characterized the therapeutic potential and the biological effects of BI 853520, a novel small chemical inhibitor of FAK, in several preclinical mouse models of breast cancer. Treatment with BI 853520 elicits a significant reduction in primary tumor growth caused by an anti-proliferative activity by BI 853520. In contrast, BI 853520 exerts effects with varying degrees of robustness on the different stages of the metastatic cascade. Together, the data demonstrate that the repression of FAK activity by the specific FAK inhibitor BI 853520 offers a promising anti-proliferative approach for cancer therapy.