bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Versus Enzymatic Pictet-Spengler Reaction: An Overview
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Joshi Gaurav , Kalra Sourav , Singh Sandeep , Kumar Raj
Published: June 2018

Background:

Pictet-Spengler reactions is an irreplaceable part of cyclization reaction leading to the
formation of indispensable heterocyclic moieties including imidazole, benzoxazole, pyrrole, indole and others
having immense biological and chemical significance. Researchers have explored this reaction using different
types of catalysts and reactions conditions (including solvents, acids, etc.) to ensure the better selectivity, less
reaction time and high product yields. A total of five Pictet-Spenglerases have been discovered from various
sources including plants, animals, fungi, and microbes, and are responsible for the synthesis of various important
alkaloids of biological medicinal importance.

Objective:

The present review is a strenuous effort to assemble information mainly focusing on synthetic as
well as biological Pictet-Spengler reactions catalysed by enzymes called Pictet-Spenglerase.

Conclusion:

In the present review, the recent advances in the PS-mediated synthesis of diverse heterocycles
such as tetrahydroisoquinoline, tetrahydro-β-carbolines, tetrahydroimidazopyridines and other fused heterocycles
via chemical as well as enzymatic pathways have been covered. The compounds find their scope as medicinal
agents for the treatment of cancer, tuberculosis, bacterial infection, leishmanial, etc. The compilation is
expected to provide a mechanistic insight to chemists to enhance the reaction condition, yields and another parameter
to ensure the safe and inexpensive reaction conditions considering the “Green-Concept” of chemistry.
Assessment and Management of the Adnexal Mass in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Monson Joshua W. , Jones Christina L.
Published: June 2018

It is important for the obstetrician-gynecologist to be able to decipher the diagnostic clues of an adnexal mass and manage it appropriately. This becomes even more of a challenge when faced with adnexal masses in the pediatric population. Adnexal masses can be of gynecological (cervical, vaginal, primary peritoneal, uterine/endometrial, ovarian) or of non-gynecological origin. In order to approach adnexal masses in any age group, a thorough history and physical examination, along with proper laboratory studies and radiological studies need to be obtained. This pertains as much for adults as it does for assessing adnexal masses in children. This article will review the evaluation to include the initial assessment, usefulness of imaging and markers in the diagnosis, and management of adnexal masses in neonates, young children, and adolescents, and the newest recommendations for each, respectively.
Spirituality, Religiosity and Addiction Recovery: Current Perspectives
Authors: Beraldo Livia , Gil Felipe , Ventriglio Antonio , de Andrade Arthur G. , da Silva Antonio Geraldo , Torales Julio , Gonçalves Priscila D. , Bhugra Dinesh , Castaldelli-Maia João M.
Published: June 2018

Substance use disorders are an important public health problem with a multifactorial etiology and limited effective treatment options. Within this context, spirituality-based approaches may provide interesting and useful options in managing substance use disorders. This kind of intervention can have positive effects in alleviating some core symptoms associated with substance use, such as aggressiveness. Improvement in cessation rates for alcohol, cocaine and opioid use disorders have also been described in some clinical studies. However, spirituality may not play a beneficial role in some subgroups, such as among individuals with crack cocaine and cannabis use disorders. A widely available intervention for alcohol use disorders is Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which can be seen as a spirituality-based intervention. Spirituality also seems to be especially beneficial for minorities such as Latinos, African-Americans and Native-Americans. Moreover, spiritual-based interventions are also helpful alternatives in many rural environments where conventional healthcare for substance use disorders may not be easily available. However, spiritual-based interventions may be considered as a possible adjunctive therapeutic option to conventional treatments. There is a need for prospective studies outside U.S., especially where spiritual-based approaches are available. It may be difficult to carry out randomized controlled trials because of the nature of the spiritual/ religious dimensions. However, prospective studies that evaluate mediation effect of spirituality and religiosity on recovery would be helpful. Qualitative studies combined with quantitative design offer excellent options to evaluate the recovery process, especially among special populations.
Understanding Technology Adoption Behavior by Older Adults
Authors: Wang Kenneth Hsiche , Chen Gong , Chen Houn-Gee
Published: June 2018

Our purpose in this study was to build a theoretical foundation for the process of older adults' technology adoption, based on their perspectives. We used inductive content analysis method and grounded theory to collect and analyze data from 16 older adults in Taiwan. The results indicated
that technology adoption behavior could be divided into 3 stages and 8 factors: preadoption (including self-management, self-compensation, self-image, and negative perception of technological products), adoption (including technology adoption barriers and technology adoption and usage), and
postadoption (including refusal to change to new technological products and technology value seeking).
Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Self-Esteem: A Dual Mediation Model of Attachment
Authors: Liu Chuqi , Chen Xiaodan , Song Pingfang , Lu Aitao , Wang Lu , Zhang Xinyi , Huang Zirong , Zheng Dongping
Published: June 2018

We tested the hypothesis that childhood emotional abuse would be positively associated with fearful attachment, whereas it would be negatively associated with secure attachment and self-esteem, with attachment mediating the linkage between childhood emotional abuse and self-esteem.
Chinese college students (N = 554) completed measures of childhood emotional abuse, secure/fearful attachment, and self-esteem. Dual mediation analysis based on 5,000 bootstrap samples showed that childhood emotional abuse affected self-esteem through both secure attachment and fearful
attachment, with the indirect effect through secure attachment being stronger relative to that through fearful attachment. However, the direct effect of childhood emotional abuse on self-esteem was nonsignificant. The association patterns among childhood emotional abuse, secure/fearful attachment,
and self-esteem show the need for more focus on developing children's secure attachment style to shape their positive self-esteem later in life.
Private Tutoring and Academic Achievement: Self-Study as a Mediator
Authors: Seo Eun Hee
Published: June 2018

I examined the relationships among private tutoring in mathematics, self-study, and academic achievement, in particular, the potential mediating role of self-study in the relationship between private tutoring and academic achievement. The responses of 3,689 Korean middle school students
were analyzed. Results showed that private tutoring time positively predicted self-study time and academic achievement. Number of hours of self-study also predicted academic achievement and mediated the relationship between private tutoring and academic achievement. These findings showed that
private tutoring increased the time students spent on self-study rather than replacing it. In addition, the positive effect of private tutoring on academic achievement was mediated by increased self-study time. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Influence of Electronic and Traditional Word-Of-Mouth on Patients' Health-Care-Seeking Behavior
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhang Peihong , Chen Xiaohong
Published: June 2018

Patients are increasingly choosing health-care institutions based on online comments; thus, we examined the influence of different forms of word-of-mouth (electronic or traditional) on patients' health-care-seeking behavior. Data were collected from 415 patients who during 2015–2016
sought medical advice at a large 3rd-grade, class-A hospital in China. Results showed that, compared to those influenced by traditional word-of-mouth, patients influenced by electronic word-of-mouth paid significantly more attention to reviews of the health-care institutions, and also spent
more time and energy choosing an appropriate health-care institution. In addition, treatment method (invasive vs. noninvasive) had a moderating influence on patients' confidence in the health-care institution. That is, those influenced by traditional word-of-mouth had greater confidence than
those influenced by electronic word-of-mouth in invasive procedures provided by the chosen health-care institution, although there was no difference in confidence for patients undergoing noninvasive procedures. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Employees' Emotional Labor and Emotional Exhaustion: Trust and Gender as Moderators
Authors: Wang Wenlan , Huang Shenghua , Yin Hongbiao , Ke Zheng
Published: June 2018

In order to obtain a comprehensive insight into the nature of service employees' emotional labor, we examined the effect of gender and employees' trust in colleagues on the relationship between their emotional labor and emotional exhaustion. We focused on two emotional labor strategies:
surface acting and deep acting. Participants comprised 679 Chinese service employees. The results showed that trust in colleagues strengthened the negative relationship between employees' deep acting and emotional exhaustion but also exacerbated the positive relationship between employees'
surface acting and emotional exhaustion. The exacerbating effect of trust was especially strong for female surface actors. The findings suggest that women have a propensity for risk aversion and are more sensitive to the establishment of trust relationships than are men. Managers should consider
surface acting as part of the makeup of the psychological well-being of employees.
IKEA: global sourcing and the sustainable leather initiative
Authors: Jiang Yan , Jia Fu , Gong Yu
Published: June 2018

The leather industry has traditionally been characterized by global operations across both developed and developing countries. Due to the long distance and contextual differences, there are numerous sustainability issues occurring along the global leather supply chain. Addressing these issues is both a responsibility and a challenge for multinational companies, especially in their global sourcing (GS) activities. This teaching case provides an example of implementing the sustainable leather initiative in the global sourcing process at IKEA. The case demonstrates IKEA’s sustainable leather initiative supported by its tailored GS strategy and GS structure and provides a benchmark of Sustainable GS for multinational companies and allows for a thorough discussion of how to implement a sustainability initiative while conducting GS. The case can be used to teach graduate/postgraduate in agricultural business, MBA and executive students on sustainable supply chain management and corporate social responsibility.
Hutten catering: how to organize innovation for vital consumers in a sustainable food system?
Authors: Ingenbleek Paul T.M. , Zhao Yuan
Published: June 2018

Hutten Catering is the only family-owned company listed among the top 10 catering companies in the Netherlands, yet it also has been the fastest growing company in this market for more than a decade. Catering companies face small margins and tight R&D budgets, yet their strategic position in the food system offers them unique opportunities to contribute to people’s health and improve sustainability. Hutten Catering is located in a region with many potential innovation partners, supporting its integration of multiple suppliers, customers, and third parties in its innovation center, Food Squad. This center focuses on building sustainable supply chains that can reduce food waste; innovating specialist foods, such as for health care patients; and enabling vital lifestyles. With its many opportunities but limited budget, can Food Squad engage in more and larger projects, and thus further its impact on society, if it were to operate as an independent organization?
DESIGN of a PULSE GENERATOR CIRCUIT for UWB COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: YİLDİRİM Bahadir
Published: June 2018

Generation of very short
pulses with a pulse width in the order of a few nanoseconds or less is a
requirement for an UWB communications system. A pulse generator circuit based
on the step-recovery effect of an RF transistor has been designed for the
0-960-MHz UWB system, and is presented in this paper. The pulse generator
includes a linear RF amplifier with common-emitter topology and a high-pass
filter following the amplifier. Input of the RF amplifier is driven by a clock
signal provided by a function generator. Amplifier output includes positive
amplitude and negative amplitude pulses due to rising and falling edges of the
collector-emitter voltage of the transistor, respectively. Amplifier output is
then fed to a high-pass filter. Low-frequency transitions are further filtered
out, and the output of the high-pass filter is a pulse train consisting of very
short pulses. The pulse width has been measured as about 2.5 ns using a 300-MHz
digital oscilloscope.
SOLVING THE EXAM SCHEDULING PROBLEMS IN CENTRAL EXAMS WITH GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: DENER Murat , CALP M. Hanefi
Published: June 2018

It is the efficient use of resources expected from an exam scheduling application. There are various criteria for efficient use of resources and for all tests to be carried out at minimum cost in the shortest possible time. It is aimed that educational institutions with such criteria successfully carry out central examination organizations. In the study, a two-stage genetic algorithm was developed. In the first stage, the assignment of courses to sessions was carried out. In the second stage, the students who participated in the test session were assigned to examination rooms. Purposes of the study are increasing the number of joint students participating in sessions, using the minimum number of buildings in the same session, and reducing the number of supervisors using the minimum number of classrooms possible. In this study, a general purpose exam scheduling solution for educational institutions was presented. The developed system can be used in different central examinations to create originality. Given the results of the sample application, it is seen that the proposed genetic algorithm gives successful results.
The properties of chromium electrodeposited with programmed currents. Part I. Direct current
Authors: Petrovic Bisenija , Kostic Tanja
Published: June 2018

The electrodeposition of chromium in programmed direct current (DC) was
investigated in the regime of high current density (77Adm -2 ). Chromium was
deposited in a system of plane-parallel electrodes in chromic-sulphuric acid
solution, on specimens of steell, during one hour. The basic properties of
deposits, the appearance, thickness, morphology, microhardness and
brightness were investigated. Thicknesses of the coatings (between 28 and 82
mm) were measured at 36 points on the surface of the specimens by the
non-destructive ferromagnetic method. Based on these results, graphic models
of the surface distribution of the deposits were made. Three ranges of
thickness could be seen on the model (range 1 - average thickness 29.87 mm,
range 2 - average thickness 42.0 mm and range 3 - thickness 67.87 mm). For
the whole speciments, the average thickness was 50.8 mm with a coefficient
of variation of 0.3281. The basic properties of the coating, morphology and
brightness changed depending on the deposit thickness being very different
at different points of one and the same specimen. For this reason these
chromium deposits should not be considered reliable protection against
aggressive gases at high pressures and temperature of systems from corrosion,
wear and erosion.
Synthesis and biological activity of some heterocyclic compounds containing quinoxaline and coumarin moieties
Authors: El-Deen I.M. , El-Fattah Abd
Published: June 2018

2,3-Dichloroquinoxaline (2) condensed with 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin to
give the 1,4-dioxane derivative 4. 2.3-Dichloroquinoxaline (2) reacted with
4-hydroxycoumarin, 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and acyl hydrazide 13 to
give either the 2,3-(dicoumarin-4-yloxy)quinoxaline (6) or the
2,3-di-(4-methylcoumarin-7-yloxy)quinoxaline (7) or the
2-chloro-3-(coumarin-4-yloxy)quinoxaline (8) or the 2-chloro-3-(4-
methylcoumarin-7-yloxy) quinoxaline (9) or the ditriazoloquinoxaline 14 or
the oxadiazinoquinoxaline 16, depending on the relative ratios of the
reactants and the reaction conditions.
Determination of the critical molar mass of ovalbumin oligomers degraded by ultrasound
Authors: Filipovic Dragana , Radojcic Marija , Milosavljevic Bratoljub
Published: June 2018

An experimental method has been developed which enables the determination of
the critical molar mass (Mmc) of ovalbumin oligomers degraded by ultrasound
of known frequency. To test the validity of the Mmc postulate, a series of
ovalbumin oligomers was prepared by the radiolytic cross-linking of 1%
solutions of ovalbumin monomer dissolved in 50mMNa/K-phosphate buffer pH 7.0
saturated withN2O. Under these conditions, irradiation with 5 kGy from a 60
Co source, yielded ovalbumin dimers, trimers, tetramers, and higher order
oligomers. On the basis of the results obtained with the ovalbumin
oligomers, it was concluded that for ultrasound of 23 kHz frequency and 5mm
amplitude, the Mmc was 274000 - 14000 g/mol. Our results confirmed that the
two postulates in the chemistry of polymer degradation by ultrasound are
valid when ovalbumin oligomers are used as substrates, i.e., (1) that the
higher the molar mass of the original macromolecule, the faster is its
degradation rate, and (2) that a lower molar mass limit (LMmL) exists below
which the macromolecules are resistent to further degradation.
An investigation of the effects of a silicalite type zeolite on PDMS-composites
Authors: Adnadjevic Borivoj , Jovanovic Jelena
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of a silicalite type
zeolite on PDMS-zeolite composites. The obtained results show that the
introduction of a silicalite type zeolite into polysiloxane matrices results
in a change of the equilibrium degree of swelling of the composites in
toluene, their hardness and their thermal stability. With increasing amount
of zeolite, the time required to achieve the equilibrium degree of swelling
(DSe) is reduced, the DSe decreases and the hardness increases. Two ranges
of the effect of the zeolite concentration on the composite characteristics
were noted. At zeolite concentrations up to about 12% there are significant
changes of the DSe and the hardness with zeolite concentration, while these
effects are considerably less pronounced at higher concentrations. The
results obtained show that the silicalite type zeolite acts as a reinforcing
filler. We believe that with increasing zeolite concentration in the
composite the total number of established polymer-zeolite interactions
increases, as does the spatial irregularity of the polymer network, but that
the density of the interactions decreases. This could be the most probably
explanation for the changes in the characteristics of the composite with
changing zeolite concentration.
Retailer's optimal pricing and replenishment policy for new product and optimal take-back quantity of used product
Authors: Shah Nita , Vaghela Chetansinh
Published: June 2018

In the world of limited resources, recovery of used products for reselling or recycling is a critical issue from the economic and environmental point of view. In this paper, we have assumed that a retailer sells the new product to customers as well as collects and sells the used products. We adopt a price dependent quadratic demand function, and the return of used product as a price and time-dependent linear function. The proposed problem is formulated as a profit maximization problem for the retailer. The objective is to find the optimal selling price, the optimal ordering quantity for the new product, and the optimal quantity of used product simultaneously such that the retailers total profit is maximized. The model is validated by a numerical example and sensitivity analysis is performed for the key parameters.
I Know Something You Don't Know: The Effect of Relative Performance Information and Individual Performance Incentives on Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Berger Leslie , Fiolleau Krista , MacTavish Carolyn
Published: June 2018

When employees share knowledge with their colleagues, the efficiency of the colleagues' performance improves, which positively affects their productivity. However, employees can engage in counterproductive behavior by choosing not to share knowledge (passive behavior) or by choosing to share inaccurate knowledge with their colleagues (active behavior). In this study, we examine how providing relative performance information (RPI) and rewarding individuals with performance-based incentives can jointly affect individuals' choices to engage in counterproductive knowledge sharing behavior. Using an experiment, we identify an interactive effect of RPI and individual incentives, such that participants engage in counterproductive knowledge sharing behavior most frequently when they receive RPI and are assigned individual performance-based incentives. We also observe that RPI increases the frequency of both active and passive counterproductive knowledge sharing behavior.
Method for high accuracy measurements of energy coupling and melting efficiency under welding conditions
Authors: Hipp Dominik , Mahrle Achim , Jäckel Sebastian , Beyer Eckhard , Leyens Christoph , Füssel Uwe
Published: June 2018

The demands on production processes vastly increased in the last decade. Besides the fulfillment of the fabrication task, a process has to be energy efficient and resource saving to be in line for mass production. For the evaluation of competing technologies or for the optimization of a process regarding these requests, the knowledge about the specific process efficiency is crucial. However, the value strongly depends on the chosen process parameters and the environmental conditions, wherefore documented values in the literature are inapplicable. Hence, an experimental determination for each individual case is inevitable. Existing methods for the estimation of the process efficiency are either inaccurate or time and cost intensive. Therefore, a new method for determining process efficiencies for almost arbitrary materials and process conditions is presented. The method is based on process observation using thermographic imaging and a subsequent adjusted numerical computation of temperature fields. The result of the numerical calculation in combination with the evaluation of the weld seam cross section is the value for the energy coupling efficiency, melting efficiency as well as the overall thermal efficiency. The features of the proposed method are evaluated with a Design of Experiments approach. The technique is applied to a conventional laser and plasma welding process as well as to laser-assisted plasma arc welding. In comparison to the individual processes, the laser-assisted plasma arc welding shows a more than doubled overall thermal efficiency, which can be ascribed to a drastic increase in melting efficiency and a moderate increase in energy coupling efficiency.
Analysis and possible estimation of keyhole depths evolution, using laser operating parameters and material properties
Authors: Fabbro Remy , Dal Morgan , Peyre Patrice , Coste Frédéric , Schneider Matthieu , Gunenthiram Valerie
Published: June 2018

The authors propose an analysis of the effect of various operating parameters on the keyhole depth during laser welding. The authors have developed a model that uses the analysis of the thermal field obtained in 2D geometry, which is mainly defined by the characteristic Peclet number. This allows us to show that the dependence of the aspect ratio R of the keyhole with the operating parameters of the process is a function of two parameters: a normalized aspect ratio R0, controlled by the incident laser power and the spot diameter, and a characteristic speed V0 related to the process of heat diffusion. The resulting general law R = f (R0, V/V0) appears to be very well verified by different experimental data and allows to define mean thermophysical parameters of the used materials. These data can then be used for keyhole depths prediction for any subsequent operating parameters of the same material. This model also allows us to define precisely a criterion for a keyhole threshold generation. The authors will apply the derived procedure to successfully analyze experiments on materials with very different thermophysical properties (such as steel alloys and copper), with various focal spots, incident laser powers, and welding speeds.
Temperature field and residual stress distribution for laser metal deposition
Authors: Pirch N. , Niessen M. , Linnenbrink S. , Schopphoven T. , Gasser A. , Poprawe R. , Schöler C. , Arntz D. , Schulz W.
Published: June 2018

Laser metal deposition (LMD) process has been widely used in many industrial applications such as automotive, defense, aerospace, and so on. Modeling has to address physical phenomena like laser-powder interaction, heat transfer, fusion, solidification, and track formation. LMD induces a complex thermal stress field that results in residual stress distributions. Depending on its magnitude and nature (i.e., whether tensile or compressive), the residual stresses can cause unpredicted in-service failures. Therefore, the prediction of its distribution in the deposited structure as a function of the process strategy is essential to improve the process and the part quality. LMD represents mathematically a free boundary value problem. This means that the track geometry is part of the solution. The authors developed a three-dimensional time-dependent finite element model for LMD with coaxial powder feeding supply. The model encompasses the powder stream, its interaction with the laser radiation, and the melt pool computation. The model was validated by a comparison of the experimental and computed shapes of the melt pool surfaces concerning cross section, longitudinal section and high-speed photographs [Pirch et al., in Proceedings of the ICALEO Conference, 16–20 October 2016]. In this paper, the model was applied to overlapping tracks for single and multilayer processing for different process strategies. The simulation allows us to analyze the time- and space-resolved evolution of temperature and stresses. The influence of the powder feed rate on the residual stresses is investigated.
Copper film formation on metal surfaces with 100 W blue direct diode laser system
Authors: Asano Kohei , Tsukamoto Masahiro , Funada Yoshinori , Sakon Yu , Abe Nobuyuki , Sato Yuji , Higashino Ritsuko , Sengoku Masanori , Yoshida Minoru
Published: June 2018

In laser cladding, in the wavelength range of blue, light absorptivity of copper is much higher than that in the wavelength range of infrared. The authors developed the laser cladding system with the continuous wave blue direct diode laser (blue DDL). The system consists of a number of fiber-coupled blue DDLs with a maximum power of 20 W at a wavelength of 445 nm, a focusing lens, and a powder feeding nozzle. In this study, the authors investigated the fundamental characteristics of the multiple blue DDL system and formed copper film on 304 stainless steel plate using the system.
Un comienzo especial
Authors: Rubilar Gabriela
Published: June 2018

Presentación: Un comienzo especial
Gabriela Rubilar, Universidad de Chile
Otra controvertida relación maestro-discí­pulo. Pierre Bourdieu & Luc Boltanski, en torno al problema de la acción y la axiologí­a del investigador
Authors: Nardacchione Gabriel , Tovillas Pablo
Published: June 2018

Este artí­culo busca medir las diferencias entre la sociologí­a estructural constructivista de P. Bourdieu y la sociologí­a pragmática de L. Boltanski. Elegimos recorrer algunos ejes de las obras de ambos autores, planteando en cada uno hipótesis de ruptura o de continuidad. Primero, la forma en que definen el problema de la acción y cómo esta se genera. Segundo, los espacios en los que se desarrolla la acción y de qué manera la condicionan. Y por último, cómo tratan el problema de la ética polí­tica y la dimensión axiológica del trabajo del sociólogo.
Pensamiento indí­gena y construcción del conocimiento en educación Una propuesta de sistematización inter-transcultural en investigación socio-educativa
Authors: Laparra Mendez Sein Ariosto
Published: June 2018

Este ensayo presenta una propuesta de sistematización de la investigación socio-educativa integrada por cuatro principios filosóficos-pedagógicos presentes en el pensamiento indí­gena mesoamericano: 1) el pensamiento tetra-dimensional (la cuaternidad); 2) el pensamiento circular-espiral; 3) el pensamiento pro-retroductivo y 4) el sentí­-pensar-trascendental. Las referencias a estos principios las hemos encontrado en la literatura indí­gena; sin embargo, algunos pensadores occidentales, también han hecho referencia a ello desde épocas pasadas, de ahí­ la idea inter-transcultural. Esta propuesta de sistematización del conocimiento se ha puesto en práctica en la Escuela Normal Indí­gena Intercultural Bilingüe Jacinto Canek, ubicada en el pueblo de Zinacantan, Chiapas, durante 2015-2016.
Revisión de las metodologí­as de estimación de la pobreza en Argentina. Aportes para la actualización de los métodos vigentes
Authors: Arakaki Agustín
Published: June 2018

En el presente trabajo realizamos una revisión de las metodologí­as oficiales de medición de la pobreza –lí­nea de pobreza y necesidades básicas insatisfechas-, identificando inconvenientes adicionales a los que usualmente ocupan el centro de la escena en el debate actual –los precios y los ingresos-. Luego, mostramos que al realizar modificaciones para resolver estos otros inconvenientes, el tamaño de la pobreza varí­a sensiblemente. Es por ello que, dado el objetivo de reconstrucción de las estadí­sticas sobre este fenómeno, planteamos la necesidad de realizar una revisión completa de las metodologí­as vigentes.
La pregunta por la reflexividad como práctica ineludible de la ciencia social
Authors: García Martín Santiago , Porta Fernández Pedro
Published: June 2018

La pregunta por la reflexividad como práctica ineludible de la ciencia socialReseña de: Piovani, Juan y Muñiz Terra, Leticia, coordinadores (2018). ¿Condenados a la reflexividad? Apuntes para repensar el proceso de investigación social. Buenos Aires: Biblos - CLACSO.
Informes médicos forenses de Alejandro Korn. La frontera del positivismo
Authors: Izaguirre Marcelo
Published: June 2018

Los Informes Médicos Forenses son relatos de casos que Alejandro Korn elevó en diferentes momentos como perito forense al juez, mientras ejerció la dirección del entonces Hospital Melchor Romero y fueron publicados en el año 1902. Presentan la peculiaridad de no ceñirse estrictamente a los cánones del relato psiquiátrico y cómo él señala, no los usa para aplicar teoría a sus casos. No obstante, en la presentación de los mismos establece la diferencia con su trabajo de tesis donde la presencia de las influencias del positivismo, en el cual se había formado, era más importante y había realizado el vínculo entre lalocura y el crimen. Para el momento de escritura de los Informes, se había alejado de sus ideas la posibilidad de sostener esa correlación. Eran tiempos en que se pensaba que el delito y la locura estaban relacionados con la inmigración. Como sucedería luego en sus desarrollos filosóficos, imprimió a la escritura de esos informes su sello propio diferenciándose, con sus contradicciones, de la escuela italiana y las corrientes positivistas imperantes en Europa.
Derecho a la injusticia
Authors: Pikiewicz Esteban
Published: June 2018

El texto ubica el término justicia en su etimología y acepción general. Desde su origen y relación con la religión, pasando por la historia, la política y la ciencia del derecho sintéticamente. Y cómo, en la realidad actual, resalta la querella de la justicia a través de términos como lawfare y otras tendencias de época. Destacando finalmente que se trata a nivel de la estructura de una “injusticia” irreductible, que el psicoanálisis conceptualiza como significante del Otro tachado.
Argirópolis, orbis tertius. La educación como una idea, y la idea como un destino
Authors: Fabi Maximiliano
Published: June 2018

Ensayo de historia acerca del normalismo en Argentina, a partir de las figuras de Raquel Camaña, Mary Olstine Graham y Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.
Synthesis and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Silicone Rubber – TiB2 Composites
Authors: Joshi Aparna M
Published: June 2018

Abstract Electrically conductive composites comprised of silicone rubber and titanium diboride (TiB2) were synthesized by conventional mixing methods. Fine particles of TiB2 (in micron size) and 10 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) proportion of carbon black (XC-72) were used to make the composites with HTV silicone rubber. The composites were cured at appropriate temperature and pressure and the effect on the electrical properties was studied. The resistance of the silicone rubber is ~ 1015Ω which decreases to 1 – 2 kΩ in case of composites with negligible effect of heat ageing. The hardness increases by ~ 35% simultaneous to the decrease of ~ 47% in the tensile strength. Morphological characterization indicates the homogeneous dispersion of the fillers in the composite.
Use of MPV and MPV/Plt Ratio in the Differentiation of Migraine and Tension-Type Headache
Authors: Ulusoy Ersin Kasim
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of platelet (Plt) function and activation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether MPV and MPV/Plt ratio, indicators of Plt activation, are increased in migraine patients, compared to tension-type headache (TTH) and healthy control groups, in our large-scale study, and whether these two primary headache types with unknown pathophysiology may be differentiated by using MPV and MPV/Plt ratio.

Materials and methods

Eighty patients diagnosed with migraine as per the 2004 diagnosis criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), 80 patients with TTH who have applied to the Neurology Clinic of our hospital, and 80 healthy subjects who have applied to the Family Practice Clinic and Blood Bank were enrolled in this study. MPV and MPV/Plt ratio in both patients of similar age and gender who were diagnosed with migraine as well as in the TTH group and healthy control group were compared.

Findings

The MPV/Plt ratio was 0.046±0.008 in migraine patients, 0.037±0.009 in patients with TTH, and 0.036±0.009 in the healthy control group. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The cutoff value of MPV/Plt ratio for differentiating migraine and TTH was 0.037. The sensitivity of this value was 92.5%, while specificity was 55%.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated that the most commonly confused primary headache types may be differentiated by using MPV and MPV/Plt ratio, and therefore, the disability caused by migraine and unsuitable, unnecessary, and long-term drug therapies may be avoided in patients.
Massive bone marrow necrosis associated with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
Authors: Tabata Rie , Tabata Chiharu , Yasumizu Ryoji
Published: June 2018

Here, we report a rare case of massive bone marrow necrosis, which – from the clinical findings and images – mimics disseminated bone metastasis. The patient was suffering from severe bone pain with elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); moreover, strong incorporation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in multiple bones was observed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

The underlying disease was Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, which was thought to transform to cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The case showed a highly aggressive course, although the original Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia was in the stable state.

Clinicians should be aware of the co-occurrence of non-immunoglobulin-producing immature lymphoma, even with good course of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and should pay attention to accompanying massive bone marrow necrosis, which mimics multiple cancer metastases to the bone. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first report of CD5-positive DLBCL transformed from CD5-negative Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.
Implantoprosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with severe form of hemophilia B: a case report
Authors: Neskoromna-Jędrzejczak Aneta , Bogusiak Katarzyna , Chojnowski Krzysztof , Robak Marta , Treliński Jacek
Published: June 2018

The preparation of patients with hemophilia before surgical operations and dental procedures constitutes a significant clinical challenge. This article presents the implantoprosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with severe hemophilia B (factor IX activity <1%). The patient was prepared for the surgical procedure with recombinant factor IX concentrate (Rixubis) during the clinical surgery study. Tooth extraction and the implantation of four dental implants in the mandible were planned: one dental implant of 3.7 mm diameter and 10 mm length in the place of tooth 35, and another of 3.2 mm diameter and 10 mm length in the place of tooth 37. The next two implants were implemented 1 month later: one implant 3.7 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length in the place of tooth 46, and another implant 3.2 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length in the area of tooth 44. Appropriate substitution of the missing coagulation factor, together with the use of local hemostatic therapy, allowed dental implantation to be performed without excessive blood loss in this patient with severe hemophilia B.
The One Who Equipped the Saints: A Reflection on Vuyani Gladstone â€œVidoâ€ Nyobole
Authors: Mehana Vukile
Published: June 2018

On the important occasion in the life of the Black Methodist Consultation (BMC) as it turns 40 years, it was indeed with great privilege and a single honour that I had to reflect on the life and work of Rev. Vuyani â€œVidoâ€ Nyobole. This essay seeks to share the knowledge I gained, as well as the knowledge that others gained when interacting with â€œVidoâ€, both in Church and society, as I reflect on his personal profile, Ministry, leadership, gifts, and experiences.Â
Reliability and Validity of Frontal Plane Kinematics of the Trunk and Lower Extremity Measured With 2-Dimensional Cameras During Athletic Tasks: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Lopes Thiago Jambo Alves , Ferrari Deisi , Ioannidis Joshua , Simic Milena , Mícolis de Azevedo Fábio , Pappas Evangelos
Published: June 2018

Background

Two-dimensional (2-D) analysis is commonly used to quantify frontal plane kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity. However, there are conflicting results regarding the reliability and validity of these measurements.

Objective

To synthesize the current literature to determine whether 2-D analysis is a reliable and valid method of measuring frontal plane kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity during squatting, landing, and cutting tasks.

Methods

For this systematic review with meta-analysis, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception until March 2017. The authors included 16 studies that evaluated the reliability and/or validity of 2-D measurements of frontal plane trunk and/or lower extremity kinematics when compared to 3-D measurements during any of the following tasks: squatting, landing, or cutting.

Results

Intrarater reliability (intraday and interday) and interrater reliability of the 2-D video measurements varied from moderate to excellent. In terms of validity, there was poor agreement between the 2-D and 3-D methods, with no correlation between 2-D knee frontal plane projection angle and 3-D knee frontal plane angles (r = 0.127, P = .094) for the single-leg squat, but a moderate to good relationship (r = 0.619, P<.001) for the landing task.

Conclusion

Two-dimensional video analysis of frontal plane trunk and lower extremity kinematics is reliable, but this appears to be dependent on the task and the type of reliability evaluated. The current evidence does not support the use of 2-D video analysis for measuring trunk and lower extremity frontal plane kinematics when accurate measures are required.

Level of Evidence

Diagnosis, level 3. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(10):812–822. Epub 12 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8006
Effect of Compression Garments on the Development of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: A Multimodal Approach Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography
Authors: Heiss Rafael , Kellermann Marion , Swoboda Bernd , Grim Casper , Lutter Christoph , May Matthias S. , Wuest Wolfgang , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. , Hotfiel Thilo
Published: June 2018

Background

Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is one of the most common reasons for impaired muscle performance in sports. However, little consensus exists regarding which treatments may be most effective, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Objectives

To investigate the influence of compression garments on the development of DOMS, focusing on changes in muscle perfusion and muscle stiffness.

Methods

In this controlled laboratory study with repeated measures, muscle perfusion and stiffness, calf circumference, muscle soreness, passive ankle dorsiflexion, and creatine kinase levels were assessed in participants before (baseline) a DOMS-inducing eccentric calf exercise intervention and 60 hours later (follow-up). After DOMS induction, a sports compression garment (18–21 mmHg) was worn on 1 randomly selected calf until follow-up, while the contralateral calf served as an internal control. Muscle perfusion was assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (peak enhancement and wash-in area under the curve), while muscle stiffness was assessed using acoustic radiation force impulse (shear-wave velocities). A magnetic resonance imaging scan of both lower legs was also performed during the follow-up testing session to characterize the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. Comparisons were made between limbs and over time.

Results

Shear-wave velocity values of the medial gastrocnemius showed a significant interaction between time and treatment (P = .006), with the noncompressed muscle demonstrating lower muscle stiffness values at follow-up compared to baseline or to the compressed muscle. No significant differences in soleus muscle stiffness were noted between limbs or over time, as was the case for muscle perfusion metrics (peak enhancement and wash-in area under the curve) for the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Further, compression had no significant effect on passive ankle dorsiflexion, muscle soreness, calf circumference, or injury severity, per magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusion

Continuous wearing of compression garments during the inflammation phase of DOMS may play an important role in regulating muscle stiffness; however, compression garments have no significant effects on intramuscular perfusion or other common clinical assessments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(11):887–894. Epub12 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8038
Psychological and Functional Readiness for Sport Following Advanced Group Training in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Meierbachtol Adam , Yungtum William , Paur Eric , Bottoms John , Chmielewski Terese L.
Published: June 2018

Background

Decreased psychological readiness for sport may contribute to poor return-to-sport rates after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Though advanced rehabilitation is used to improve functional readiness for sport after ACLR, the effect of advanced rehabilitation on psychological readiness is unknown.

Objective

To examine changes in psychological and functional measures and readiness for sport based on these measures in patients with ACLR following advanced group training.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, patients with primary ACLR enrolled in a 5-week group training program after completing traditional physical therapy. Data collection pretraining and posttraining included demographic information, the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and single-leg hop testing (single, triple, crossover triple, and timed hops). Readiness for sport was based on criteria for the ACL-RSI scale score (low threshold, 56 points or greater; high threshold, 75 points or greater) and hop tests (90% or greater limb symmetry).

Results

Fifty-eight patients (21 male) participated. Mean ACL-RSI scale scores, mean hop test limb symmetry, and the proportion of patients meeting ACL-RSI and hop test readiness-for-sport criteria significantly improved from pretraining to posttraining. Posttraining ACL-RSI scale scores were correlated with single hop (r = 0.269) and triple hop (r = 0.275) limb symmetry, yet changes in the measures were not significantly correlated. After training, only 53.4% (lower ACL-RSI threshold) or 37.9% (higher ACL-RSI threshold) of the sample met both psychological and functional readiness criteria.

Conclusion

Advanced group training following ACLR improved psychological and functional outcomes; however, further, individualized intervention may be needed to address residual deficiencies in some patients.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(11):864–872. Epub 12 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8041
Motor Control Changes in Low Back Pain: Divergence in Presentations and Mechanisms
Authors: van Dieën Jaap H. , Reeves N. Peter , Kawchuk Greg , van Dillen Linda R. , Hodges Paul W.
Published: June 2018

Synopsis

Compared to healthy individuals, patients with low back pain demonstrate differences in all aspects of trunk motor control that are most often studied as differences in muscle activity and kinematics. However, differences in these aspects of motor control are largely inconsistent. We propose that this may reflect the existence of 2 phenotypes or possibly the ends of a spectrum, with “tight control” over trunk movement at one end and “loose control” at the other. Both may have beneficial effects, with tight control protecting against large tissue strains from uncontrolled movement and loose control protecting against high muscle forces and resulting spinal compression. Both may also have long-term negative consequences. For example, whereas tight control may cause high compressive loading on the spine and sustained muscle activity, loose control may cause excessive tensile strains of tissues. Moreover, both phenotypes could be the result of either an adaptation process aimed at protecting the low back or direct interference of low back pain and related changes with trunk motor control. The existence of such phenotypes would suggest different motor control exercise interventions. Although some promising data supporting these phenotypes have been reported, it remains to be shown whether these phenotypes are valid, how treatment can be targeted to these phenotypes, and whether this targeting yields superior clinical outcomes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(6):370–379. Epub 12 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.7917