bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin), Vitamin E and their Combination on Metoprolol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rabbits
Authors: Hussein Fatima , Ahmed Jawad
Published: June 2021

Background: Metoprolol (MET) is a selective Beta-1 blocker. It is metabolized in the liver. Unlike mostBetablockers, Metoprolol is unique in causing liver toxicity, which is infrequent, ranging from raised liverenzymes to severe liver damage. Aim: hepatotoxicity was induced in rabbits, and protective effects ofNigella sativa (NS), Vitamin E (Vit E), and a combination of Nigella sativa + Vitamin E were investigatedon Metoprolol-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: 36 male rabbits were divided into six groups and treated as follow: Metoprolol (20mg/kg),Nigella sativa (2ml/kg), control group, Metoprolol + Nigella sativa, Metoprolol + Vitamin E ( 175mg/kg/day), Metoprolol + Nigella sativa + Vitamin E. Treatments were given orally for two weeks. Liverenzymes, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and interleukins (IL-6, IL-10) were measured in serum and liverhomogenates. Histopathological examinations were done for two animals in each group.Results: Elevated liver enzymes and histopathological changes were seen in all Metoprolol-treated animals.Nigella sativa, Vitamin E, and Nigella sativa + Vitamin E reduced Metoprolol-induced rise in liver enzymes.Metoprolol increased malondialdehyde concentration in serum and liver homogenate. Treatment withNigella sativa, Nigella sativa + Vitamin E insignificantly decreased these levels. Neither Metoprolol norMetoprolol and Nigella sativa, Vitamin E, and their combination changed the levels of IL-6 or IL-10.Conclusion: Metoprolol increased liver enzymes, and treatment with Nigella sativa, Vitamin E, and Nigellasativa + Vitamin E significantly modified rise in liver enzymes. Metoprolol and other treatments had littleeffect on IL-6 or IL-10.
Cytotoxic Potential of Purified Arginine Deiminase from Streptococcus spp
Authors: Abdullah Rusul Madhat , Al-Ezzy Ruqaya Mohammed , Hussain Asmaa Ali
Published: June 2021

The results that presented in the study were based on collecting one hundred and ten clinical samples of oralcavity, burns and wounds. Primary and secondary diagnositic showed that 14 out of these isolates belongedto Streptococcus spp.. The ability of these isolates in arginine deiminase enzyme production was screenedand the results showed that these isolates were arginine deiminase producers with variable degrees. It hasbeen found that one of these isolates which were Streptococcus mitis S5 had the highest specific activity(0.184 U/mg protein), therefore it was chosen for further study. Results of the optimum conditions forarginine deaminase production reveal that the maximum arginine deaminase production was achieved aftersupplementation of the production medium (pH 7.5) with 1% maltose as carbon source, 1.2% tryptone asnitrogen source, 30mM as arginine concentration and incubated at 37ºC for 18h. Under these conditions,ADI purified in three steps including; precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulphate, dialysis then ionexchange chromatography using DEAE- cellulose column and the last step was gel filtration chromatographythroughout Sephadex G150 column. Specific activity of the purified enzyme was increased up to 18 U/mgwith 5 folds of purification and 70.8 % enzyme recovery.
Phytochemical Study and Isolation of Scopolutin from Pimpinella anisum Seeds Grown in Iraq
Authors: Nasser Noor Mohsen , Al-ani Widad M K , Naqqash Zahraa A.E Al
Published: June 2021

As widely known plants are divided into many categories, one of them is the herbs; which have been alwaysused as effective remedies to treat many health issues. One of these remedies belongs to our plant understudy Pimpinella anisum (anise), which belongs to Umbelliferae family, that has been characterized as anaromatic plant used in traditional medicine as carminative, disinfectant, and galactagogue. Anise dry seedswere collected from Iraqi herbal market to investigate their chemical constituents by using two methods:one of them hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus in which oil sample was collected and thenanalyzed by GC/MS and revealed the presence of anethol as the major constituent with percentage of 82.91% of the oil; the second method was alcoholic extraction by Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol till exhaustionthen the extract was concentrated by evaporation under vacuum, after that partition with ethyl acetate wasdone, the ethanol layer was discarded while the ethyl acetate layer was concentrated under vacuum, thecollected fraction were analyzed by TLC comparing it with standard Scopoletin .Phytochemical screeningproved that the plant contain Scopoletin and was confirmed by comparing Rf value of the sample with thestandard in three different solvent systems.
Purification and Characterization of Arginase from Serum of Healthy and Type II Diabetic Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al-Saad Noor N.O. , Khaleel Fayhaa M. , Al-Jumaili Essam F. A.
Published: June 2021

Arginase was purified from human serum of healthy and patient with type II Diabetes mellitus subjects.The purification steps included, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sepharoe6B.Themolecular weight of native arginase was find to be (94 Kd), by gel filtration. The purified human serumarginase is characterized by optimum pH of (9.5), optimum pH of stability is between (9-10), optimumtemperature (350C), temperature of stability is between (30-500C) in both healthy and patient subjects.
Rapid Induction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neural Cells
Authors: Mutlak Baydaa H. , Mnati Intidhar M.
Published: June 2021

Background:-Human umbilical cord blood- mesenchymal stem cells(HUCB-MSCs) hold great promise invitro neural differentiation and therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. It has demonstrated that the numberand differentiating potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decrease with age. Therefore,the search for alternative sources of MSCs is of significant value.Objective:-To determine the possibility of obtaining clonally expanded UCB-MSCs and evaluate their rapidinduction and differentiation into neural cells in vitro.Methods:-MSCs were isolated from HUCB by combining gradient density centrifugation with plasticadherence. In order to identify factors that able to lead to neural differentiation, the cultured cells weretreated with retinoic acid (RA) and B-mercaptoethanol (BME). Differentiating characterization of UCBMSCswere detected by immunocytochemistry analysis.Results:-UCB-MSCs appeared like the fibroblast cell and these cells were extensively expanded in culture.The results showed that UCB-MSCs were positive for CD71and CD90 but were negative for CD34. Theimmunocytochemistry staining indicated that the differentiated cells give positive response for nestinemarker. The result confirmed for neural progenitor differentiation of MSCs.Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that UCB provides a great source of stem cells for using intreatment of neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system.
The Effect of Exercises with a Proposed Device to Improving Some Bio-Kinematic Variables and the Performance of the Arab Round off Skill on Floor Movement Mat Device of the Artistic Gymnastics for Women
Authors: Abd Ali Zahraa Salah , Abdel Reda Bushra Kazem
Published: June 2021

The importance of the research lies in preparing exercises using a proposed device to learn the skill of thehuman wheel on a machine rug of ground movements of the artistic gymnastics. As for the research problem:Through the presence of the two researchers as teachers and observers of this sport in the gymnastics hall,they noticed that there is difficulty in the students’ performance of the skill of the round off on the machineof the mat of ground movements, according to the researchers’ opinion, the reason for this is that skillsare taught with the limited availability of assistive devices, as well as the lack of use of these devices inexercises according to biomechanical variables, although they facilitate the learning process for these skillsand work to shorten the time and effort in the learning process and enable the removal of the difficultiesencountered before. As for the objectives of the research : Design and manufacture of a device that teachesthe skill of the round off and helps in overcoming the difficulty of performing that skill for female studentsand preparing exercises with a proposed device to learn the skill of the human wheel on the machine of theground movements mat in the artistic gymnastics of the students.
The Effectiveness of the Educational Field to Developing the Skills of Dribbling and Shooting of Football For Youth
Authors: Jawad Husam Kadhim , Hedi Ahmed Mazin Abdul , Abd Alrazaq Asaad Hussein
Published: June 2021

The importance of the research lies in preparing an educational field in developing the skills of dribblingand shooting football for cubs, depending on the stock of motor skills that were learned in a previous period,which are prerequisites for motor learning and achieving good technical performance that secures a levelof performance. As for the research problem: through the experience of field researchers, they noticed thatthere is a weakness in the performance of the dribbling and scoring skills of the young players, and that thelevel of dribbling and scoring performance is not commensurate with the level required for this stage, a thedirect interest in dribbling and scoring through skill exercises is not sufficient to reach high performancewithout concern for the effectiveness of the educational field, and this is what the cubs’ teams suffer at leastin our country, and if there is interest in these variables, then it is random and includes training that doesnot distinguish between the important and most important dimensions and components of these variables.Therefore, the researchers decided to prepare an educational field in developing the skills of dribbling andscoring football for cubs in order to reach the desired and intended achievement.
The Effect of Defensive Exercises in the Motor Response to Develop Some Defensive Skills for Young Basketball Players
Authors: Satar Jabar Noor Alhuda , Jari Huda Shihab
Published: June 2021

The importance of physical and skill abilities in basketball has increased in recent times because modernplay has increased in difficulty and complexity compared to previous playing styles, and the motor abilitiesand the kinetic response are of fundamental importance in building and advancing the basketball player andworks to improve the player’s level of skill and planning, and the speed of timely decision-making and thespeed of the movement’s reaction to the player, and understanding this relationship is the basis for developingappropriate training curricula that help us reach high sports levels, so it became based on the above, theimportance of research is reflected in the necessity of numbers of curricula and training programs. As forthe most important conclusions, they were: The success of the training program in developing the defensiveskills of the experimental group and that the training program had a noticeable effect on the performance ofthe players by comparing the results of the post-test of the control and experimental groups and confirmingthat the special exercises had a positive effect in developing the defensive skills of basketball.
Immunologial Study of IL32-gamma in Different Hepatitis B Virus Patient Groups at Alnajaf City
Authors: Shubbar Ayat Hussein , M. D Fahem
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis B virus is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family and responsible for causing acute and chronichepatitis in humans. This review deals with our current understanding of the virology, life cycle andimmunopathology effecting of this very important pathogen. the present study show the relationship betweenHBV infection and the rule of IL32 gamma against it ,all of which are considered essential for current andfuture approaches to antiviral treatment. The study was conducted on 159 patients [ 43(53.75%) males and37(46.25%) females] during December ,2019 to July 2020 at AL-Najaf province. They suffering from signsand symptoms of liver diseases.
The Influence of, Surface Roughness and Different Types of Coating and Implantation Materials on the Frictional Forces of Aesthetic NiTi Arch Wires
Authors: Mohammed Maher Saad , AL-Juborri Sami
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study is that NiTi esthetic arch wires are preferred to match estheticbraces; but the presence of coating layer is greatly affect friction during sliding mechanics.The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of surface roughness with the coating material types(coating and ion implanted) on the frictional force of coated nickel titanium wires.Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 140 segments of coated Nickle titanium arch wires for bothtests (friction test and roughness test) 70 segment for each test involving wire dimensions (0.016 × 0.022and 0.019 × 0.025 inches). The static frictional force was measured through pulling the wires through a setof ceramic brackets by the universal testing machine while, the surface topography of wires were assessedby using Atomic force microscope (AFM). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc significance difference tests. Differences were considered significant atP<0.05.Results: The frictional forces of coated wires differ from uncoated control being higher in the control andpolymer coated wires and lesser in the rhodium, gold implanted and labial coated wires owing to differencesin the wire dimension, surface roughness, thickness of coating layer, and physical properties of coatingmaterials.Conclusion: when tested in vitro, rhodium implanted wires produce the least amount of friction, Surfaceroughness of fully coated arch wires was higher than non-coated counterpart and It appeared that frictionalforces does not correlated with the surface.
Study of Immune Status for Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii in Sera of University Students
Authors: Al-Shalah Saif A.J. , Abood Doaa Adil , Shandaway Al-Zamali Sarah Kassab , Nasser Israa Habeeb , Al-Kaif Laith A.I.K.
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted to know the range of spread of Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B virus,and Toxoplasma gondii among students at Al-Mustaqbal University College, its impact on society in theprovince of Babylon. Therefore this study includes the evaluation of the immune status in sera of studentsto the investigation from Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus by IgM/IgG rapid test andHepatitis B virus by HBV-5 rapid test of 90 specimens that were collected during the period extending fromJanuary 2019 to March 2019. Data about individuals have been collected aseptically in sterile containers,after getting all data in the special formula including, name, gender, age. It revealed that Cytomegalovirusformed (CMV) 13.3% followed by Toxoplasma gondii 0% Rubella 0%, depending on IgM. While showsresult in IgG seropositivity to Rubella was 60% followed by CMV was 36.7% and Toxoplasma was 10%.The results of the present study showed that all HBs Ag and HBe Ag were negative whereas HBe Ab andHBc Ab were positive, while HBs Ab was only three positive from other samples.
URGENSI KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM FENOMENA RADIKALISME DI INDONESIA
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Nur Adnan , Mubin Muhammad Nurul
Published: June 2021

The phenomenon of radicalism in Indonesia has recently become increasingly commonplace, there are many intolerant activities taking place in various layers of society. In particular, the radicalism carried out by elements who divide the ummah from the Islamic group, has made the image of Islam as a religion of peace for all nature and incompatible with a tolerant and moderate Islamic person. Not to mention that the understanding of intolerance has begun to be detected in educational institutions, many educational institutions are infiltrated with radical and intolerant views. Therefore, this study wants to describe how urgent the deradicalization program is in the curriculum in Indonesia. How is the concept of deradicalization in the curriculum, and how to deradicalise the existing curriculum in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the concept of deradicalization in the curriculum, as well as how to deradicalise existing curricula in Indonesia. The research method uses literature studies by collecting data from documents using descriptive-analysis methods. Deradicalization of the curriculum in Indonesia is very depleted, deradicalization in education can be carried out with a pedagogical approach through careful planning in the curriculum for learning Islamic religious education. In Indonesia, the government has begun to promote curriculum deradicalization with the Strengthening Character Education
Early Copper Finds in Northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Huggert Anders
Published: June 2021

A rough casting for a vcry early copper adze, tound not long ago in the interior of Upper Norrland has been shown by analysis to be of very pure copper - 99.4%. The author has used the occasion to study the early use of copper in northern Fennoscandia. The earliest evidence is from ca. 3900 B.C., and in this case there were indications that metal was actually being melted. The copper studied was all of eastern/south-eastern origin; copper began reaching Upper Norrland via south Scandinavia only much later. The author surveys some of the main features in the development of metalworking in the forest region between the Urals and Karelia and also further south. In this vast area are found the preconditions for the production of copper objects in northern Fennoscandia. The material is viewed against the background of an earlier study by the author of the import of north Russian Carboniferous flint into Upper Norrland between the Middle Neolithic and the Epineolithic.
Approaching the Question of Bronze-to- Iron-Age Continuity in Ancient Greece
Authors: Rystedt Eva
Published: June 2021

An introduction is given to the various stands, including their historical backgrounds, which have been taken with regard to the question of continuity between the Bronze and Iron Age of ancient Greece. Thereafter I discuss the favourable perspectives offered by the figural arts for examining certain presumed continuities in the field of collective and ritual behaviour, comprising funerals and athletic games. Concentrating on the latter, I end up by presenting the methodological framework within which a potentially remunerative material like the abundant chariot-scenes painted on vases from both periods can be affronted.
Archery Platforms (Vahi te'a) in the Society Islands, Polynesia A contextual interpretation
Authors: Wallin Paul
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to try to reach a better understanding of the meanings of archery platforms and the rituals which took place around the archery competitions in the Society Islands in central Polynesia. A contextual interpretation of the material remains is therefore suggested. The conclusions based on the archaeological and ethnohistorical descriptions show that the development of archery platforms took place within a specific historical context and expresses the Polynesian concepts of mana (power) and tapu (prohibitions).
Käringsjön. A Fertility Sacrificial Site from the Late Roman Iron Age in South-west Sweden
Authors: Carlie Anne
Published: June 2021

In the beginning of the 1940s the sacrificial site at Käringsjön, in Halland, south-west Sweden, was investigated by Holger Arbman and Erik Floderus. Some years later the archaeological results were presented by Arbman in an exhaustive publication. Since then the site has been regarded as a typical example of the sacrificial sites used by the peaceful agrarian populations in the practice of the fertility cult. In this paper Käringsjön is brought up to renewed discussion. This is done i.a. by means of a structural analysis, in which is shown a very conscious use of the site.  The sacrificial depositions are seen to closely correspond to the annual changes of the sun's movement in the sky when rising and setting on the horizon. It is here suggested that the sacrifices took place not only during different seasons but also at different times during the twenty-four hour day. Finally, the paper also deals with the  questions of whether Käringsjön should be seen as a sacrificial site of local or of regional importance, and why the site was suddenly abandoned around 400 A.D.
Reflections on an Unreflected Sphere - Archaeological Exhibitions and Nationalism
Authors: Lundström Inga , Pilvesmaa Marja-Leena
Published: June 2021

There is an open nationalism, clearly stated through national symbols as well as through various rituals. However, there is also an underlying form of nationalism, operating on a structural level, so obvious that it becomes "invisible". This is not only true for the actions of people in general, but to a great cxtent also for the understanding of different normative institutions, not least the museums. Nationalism is included as a hidden facet in the communicating activities. This article sheds light on the role of archaeology in this context, with particular emphasis on archaeological exhibitions. At a closer look, it becomes obvious that one elementary aspect of the archaeological communicating activities is missing —the conscious reflection.
The Cultural Construction of Childhood in Scandinavia, 3500 BC—1350AD
Authors: Welinder Stig
Published: June 2021

A set of Swedish and N orwegian burial-grounds and churchyards from the Neolithic to the Early Middle Ages (3500 BC—1350 AD) is analysed as concerns children's graves. Patterns of burial rituals corresponding to various concepts of childhood are constructed. Childhood is looked upon as a cultural construction independent of time and space. The basic growth process from infancy to adulthood is fundamental to the concept of childhood in all societies, but its transformation into burial ritual, material culture, symbols, and ideology is varied.
Engendering Performance in the Late Iron Age
Authors: Back Danielsson Lng-Marie
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with humanoid figures on gold foils from the Late Iron Age in Scandinavia. Interpreted as figures wearing masks, an effort is made to show the complexity, importance and significance of masking practices. The single Bornholm figures from the 6th century are interpreted as shamans performing rituals. Further, it is proposed that a restriction of masked appearances and performances to certain people (shamans) and places in the long run created stricter and more rigid gender roles in everyday life. The later gold-foil couples are seen as signs of divine communication, cosmological movement and seasonality, making up a mythology that legitimised political domination —the sacred lineage of rulers pivoting around an apical, ancestral cross-sex pair.
Seven Years in Sihagiri Bim - An Account of a Sri Lankan-Swedish Collaboration in Settlement Archaeology in Sigiriya 1988—1995
Authors: Mogren Mats
Published: June 2021

During the course of seven years Sri Lankan and Swedish archaeologists in collaboration built up a core of what is today the Sri Lankan settlement archaeology. Through surveys, excavations and ethnoarchaeological studies an understanding was gradually obtained regarding settlements and subsistence strategies of the Sri Lankan dry zone, from the Mesolithic to the present, and a generation of young Sri Lankan archaeologists got a fair amount of necessary field training. The primary objective was to develop the human resources of Sri Lankan archaeology, but something can also be said about the research results of the project. This article gives a generalised background and, in very brief outline, an overview of the work done, its methodology, constraints and results.
Diet, Cooking and Cosmology - Interpreting the Evidence from Bronze Age Plant Macro fossils
Authors: Skoglund Peter
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to discuss how the composition of Bronze Age macrofossil samples reflects different aspects of daily life like diet and cooking. The article argues that the increasing weed content in the Late Bronze Age macrofossil samples should partly be regarded as a new resource that was used in the cooking process. The contemporaneous increase in hulled barley at the expense of naked barley and wheat, might reflect a diminished interest in baking leavened bread and a stronger preference for cooked cereal-based dishes. These changes in the domestic sphere should be regarded as intimately connected with changes in the Late Bronze Age cosmology, in particular with the development of the Urnfield culture.
The Retinue and the Ship - An Archaeo-sociological Study of Scandinavia at the Turn of the East Millennium and the Following Centuries
Authors: Varenius Björn
Published: June 2021

This paper argues that the ledungen organization, known from medieval provincial laws in Scandinavia, was an attempt to introduce and/or enhance central influence on local and regional administration. Ledungen was organized as a royal seaborne retinue, and used the idea of the ship and the ship's crew to establish a territorial division with the ultimate purpose of taxation. Individual farms were assigned to ship's teams. with the right and duty to serve the king. A prerequisite for the outcome of this system was the existence of similar structures, and it is assumed that the ledungen was intended to replace older, privately controlled warparties. By way of referring to naval expeditions, led by himself, the king sought to (1) transmit incomes from landowners to the crown, (2) monopolize the use of force, and (3) explain and legitimize central organization.
Where Are We Going? - Attitudes Towards Migrations in Archaeological Thought
Authors: Cassel Kerstin
Published: June 2021

Migrations have always been a much debated topic in archaeology. In the first hal f of the 20th century migrations were a common explanation for change in the material culture, but they were also used in a nationalistic and chauvinistic way. After the Second World War a reaction came and many archaeologists rejected migrations as a relevant explanation, whereby migrations more or less disappeared from the archaeological discourse. Such changes in the archaeological interest could be linked to public opinions of the times, as well as to reactions within the discipline. In conclusion it is argued that a discussion about past migrations is important, not least in order to question prevailing ideas about a cultural homogeneity or "pureness" in the past.
Picturing Megaliths in Twentieth- Century Swedish Archaeology
Authors: Holtorf Cornelius
Published: June 2021

ln this paper I will begin a discussion about the ways in which megaliths appear in archaeological images. My discussion of examples is not comprehensive and the selection of images far from complete, but I hope nevertheless to present some key elements of the pictorial vocabulary with which megaliths have been seen and depicted by archaeologists working in Sweden during the twentieth century. However, entering the third millennium of our chronometrical tirnescale should not only be an occasion to look back, but also an opportunity to look forward and reflect upon the way ahead. Recent discussions about the problems with established ways of depicting archaeological sites and objects, and suggestions for new kinds of images and illustrations, should concern us all and lead to an active engagement of archaeologists with questions of visual (re)presentation.
Swedish Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century - The Necessity of a (self-) Critical Dialogue
Authors: Karlsson Håkan
Published: June 2021

In this paper it is argued that the rapid changes that have taken place within Swedish archaeology during the last decades can be discussed under the headings of structural, economical, public and theoretical changes and problems. It is also stressed that, taken together, these problems constitute a serious "crisis" in contemporary Swedish archaeology. So far, discussions seem to have focused mainly on the structural problems, while the economical, public and theoretical problems have been more or less neglected. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to il discuss the structural, economical, public and theoretical changes that have taken place in Swedish archaeology during the last decades and point to both the problems and the possibilities created by them, and ii) discuss the present structural, economical and public problems from a theoretical perspective by stressing that these problems can, at least partly, be solved within the framework of an awareness of the (self-) critical possibilities inherent in some of the theoretical reasoning of the last decades.
Creolised Swedish Archaeology
Authors: Källén Anna
Published: June 2021

This is on one level a story of a meeting between Swedish archaeologists, Laotian archaeologists and villagers in the Ban Nabong village in central Laos. It is also about the structurcs of Swedish archaeology, as revealed in this meeting with alternative views of the past and its material remains. Two central concepts: eaolisatinn and crenlisnrion, are derived from the so-called post-colonial theory to serve as models for describing different attitudes to 'the other' that we meet in any archaeological research. It is argued that a creolised archaeology is worth striving for, becausc it has the active meeting as a central principle. It produces a multitude ol' localised knowledges that enrich cach other, and is built upon a constant open-ended discussion which prevents us from coming to solutions with the problems of the archaeological praxis.
Culture Moves Like an Octopus: Aspects on Archaeological Regions and Boundaries
Authors: Bolin Hans
Published: June 2021

The graves in the interior of central Norrland in northern Sweden exhibit a wide range of forms throughout the Iron Age. Burial mounds and stonesettings of various forms also occur in different environmental contexts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the spatial and cultural significance of the Iron Age graves in the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen. The point at issue is what the distribution of so-called lake graves and burial mounds represent with respect to the general discussion of archaeological regions and cultural traditions. It is here suggested that the concept of region, when it is applied to material culture, represents one of the many aspects of cultural configurations, but as we are dealing here with a longterm perspective the cultural world is continuously in motion, which makes regional boundaries hard to grasp.
Hybrid Hydraulics: Colonialism and the Archaeology of Water Management in the Maghreb
Authors: Johansson de Château Lena
Published: June 2021

In this paper, colonialism is used as a key concept for a discussion on the relationship between classical archaeology and archaeological practice in the Maghreb region. Archaeological studies of rural water management in Algeria, Tunisia and Libya are reviewed, focussing on the representation of the Romans and the indigenous people. Drawing on postcolonial theory, an alternative approach to water management in the Maghreb during the Roman period is suggested. A strong relationship between modern colonialism and the representation of ancient colonialism in archaeological writings is evident from my analysis. It is suggested that postcolonial approaches may contribute to a revaluation of the Maghreb as an archaeological region.
Water Harvesting and Water Management: A Discussion of the Implications of Scale in Artificial Irrigation: the Sri Lankan Example
Authors: Myrdal Eva
Published: June 2021

The pre-colonial, large-scale, irrigation systems of the dry zone of Sri Lanka have been used as examples of large-scale undertakings with given social consequences of centralisation and state control. A close reading of a given cultura! landscape and a focus on chronology give possibilities for an alternative approach, one in which artificial irrigation does not have an independent role. The starting point for the discussion is the archaeologically comparatively well-explored uplands of the capital city Sigiriya, which dates to the 5th century AD.
Sakbihs and Polyagency: The Architectural Causes of Human Activities in the Cochuah Region, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Normark Johan
Published: June 2021

Most archaeological theories state that we should primarily study the human agent or social structure behind materiality. In this article it is proposed that we should focus on the effects that pofyagents (materialities and immaterialities) have brought about in past social networks. By creating a biography of a polyagent it is hoped that we can reconstruct the way in which architecture has affected past environment and human behaviour and intentions. Causeways or sakbihs are one such category of polyagents found throughout the Maya Lowlands. Their relationships with agriculture, water and climate in the Cochuah region, Quintana Roo, Mexico, are discussed.
Compressed Air Technology in Swedish Archaeology: An Example of the Social Construction of Technology in Practice
Authors: Gillberg Åsa , Jensen Ola W.
Published: June 2021

In this paper the authors problematize the relation between technological and social aspects of archaeological fieldwork through a historical case study of the introduction and use of compressed air technology in archaeology. They do this by incorporating aspects of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Actor Network Theory (ANT) into the history of archaeology. Apart from archive material, fieldwork reports and interviews with colleagues have been the primary sources. The study shows how technology is negotiated and renegotiated, and how the technical and the social form each other. Finally, the authors draw attention to issues of technological development in the present.
Changing scenery: Historicity in the Area of Lake Hjälmaren, Sweden, c. 2800-2300 BC
Authors: Von Hackwitz Kim
Published: June 2021

The article addresscs changes in the archacological record during the Middle Neolithic B in the area of Lake Hjälmaren. The main focus is on the difference between the Pitted Ware sitcs and thc Boat-Axe sites with regard to choice of location. Traditionally the different distributions ofthesc two assemblages have been understood as designating two different and more or less contcmporaneous "cultures". An alternative view to the conventional understanding is that the material cultures represent use and re-use activities associated with different spaces in thc landscape. In thc author's opinion, the choices and activities that constitute these spaces should be understood as reflecting activities that took place in relation to a pre-existing landscape. In order to describe and analyse the relationship, the author applies theories ofhistoricity and landmark, pointing towards an active social reproduction of a landscape.
Say it in Iron. Symbols of Transformation and Reproduction in the European Iron Age
Authors: Haaland Randi
Published: June 2021

The European research on iron has traditionally focused on the technical and economic aspects of iron production, However, a view of metal working in a wider regional context shows that it is generally entrenched in symbolic meaning and ritual activity. In this paper, the author employs four ethnographic case studies to show the importance of symbolic and ritual aspects of iron working and how these are intertwined with technological factors. What comes across are also the metaphorical links between pottery vessels, food, and furnaces used to produce iron. When looking at the European material, one can discern the same associations in the ftnds of cauldrons used for offerings of food as in the finds of cauldrons used for offerings of iron, such as iron weapons. The former are placed in a context ofnurturing and human reproduction, while the latter are placed in a context of destruction. This indicates the ambiguity of iron as associated with nourishment-fertility and with destruction and death
Forging History: Spade-Shaped Currency Bars, History and Identity in Central Norrland
Authors: Lindeberg Marta
Published: June 2021

In central Norrland a large number of spade-shaped currency bars have been recovered. Currency bars have been produced since the introduction of iron technology in the late pre-Roman Iron Age, which roughly coincides with the introduction of agriculture. It is suggested that the shape of the bars is referential to the socketed axe, due to the importance of the latter during this period of change. The currency bars were therefore associated with a mythical history and local identity. The youngest 14C-date shows that the bars became part of narratives that remained relevant throughout much of the Iron Age, up until the Viking Age.
Posthumanism, the Transcorporeal and Biomolecular Archaeology
Authors: Fredengren Christina
Published: June 2021

This paper will discuss the tensions between the humanities and sciences within archaeology and examine how these tensions exist, both in how identity and personhood are understood, and in different views of epistemology and ontology. From a basis in critical posthumanism it is argued that unnecessary boundaries have been set up between the body and the envi- ronment. The concept of the transcorporeal allows for rethinking the connection between bodies and land- scape, enabling us to discuss the environment inside. This approach can provide an alternative framing for the use of the sciences in archaeology, particularly for osteology and DNA and isotope analysis. Biomolecular mapping of body networks allows for a better understanding of the configuration of specific historic bodies as well as for discussing ethics. Furthermore, there may be a case for describing analysed bodies as figurations, rather than as identities.
Heritage for All – A Contribution to the Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Archaeology: A Polish Perspective
Authors: Kajda Kornelia , Michalik Tomasz , Kobiałka Dawid
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the results of project entitled Heritage for all: Perception of the past and archaeo- logical heritage by people with intellectual disabili- ties, which the authors carried out on a group of 14 young individuals who were diagnosed with intel- lectual disabilities. The project aimed to detect how the past is perceived and conceptualized by students with learning and cognitive problems and how we, archaeologists and museum workers, can transfer knowledge about the past to them in a more ap- propriate way. This paper also provides a context for a need for inclusive archaeology as a way of practising archaeology as a discipline of social and cultural value for present-day people. Despite the limited number of people approached during the research and the specific character of education for people with intellectual disabilities in Poland, some conclusions can be drawn. First of all, participants in the project understood the past not as abstract, historical events, but rather as actions related to their personal experiences. Secondly, they remem- bered more about the past when it was shown and explained to them in an active, participatory way.
Crops, Cattle and Human DNA – The Motala Site and the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in Östergötland, Southern Sweden
Authors: Gruber Göran , Carlsson Tom , Gill Alexander
Published: June 2021

Palaeogenetic research has recently questioned the notion that the transition to agriculture in south- ern Scandinavia was initiated by local groups of hunter-gatherers who adopted the new economy at the onset of the Neolithic. Instead, the transition is claimed to have been brought about by farmers who migrated to the region from the continent. In this paper we examine whether the idea of a migra- tion can be upheld when set against archaeologi- cal source materials from Östergötland in southern Sweden. Our findings indicate that the notion of a local adoption is supported by the archaeological sources from the area. We also claim that available palaeogenetic sources do not contradict the inter- pretation that local groups of hunter-gatherers ini- tiated the transition to agriculture.
Estabilidad de los docentes curriculares de institutos privados reconocidos o adscriptos a la enseñanza oficial : en tiempos de normalidad y en el de la pandemia.
Authors: Seco Francisco
Published: June 2021

En tiempo de pandemia, el DNU Nº329/2020(B.O.,31/3/2020) del Poder Ejecutivo nacional se dictó en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria por el coronavirus y sus prórrogas decididas por el DNU Nº487/2020 (B.O.,19/5/2020) y el DNU Nº 624/2020 (B.O.,29/7/2020) prohibieron los despidos sin justa causa y por causas económicas y por fuerza mayor por el plazo de 60 días contados a partir de la fecha de su publicación en el Boletín Oficial, desde el 31 de marzo hasta el 29 de mayo de 2020, luego hasta el 28 de julio y más tarde hasta el 26 de setiembre de 2020. Se ha establecido un régimen de estabilidad propia o absolutapara todos los trabajadores privados a los que alcanzan esos DNU, incluidos los docentes privados de cualquier nivel, curriculares o no- pero pro tempore, porque es limitada al plazo de veda. La decisión del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional aparece como constitucional y convencional, adecuada a normas supra legales que él mismo cita y a otras ut supra referidas, como a la jurisprudencia de la CSJN y la CIDH. Pasada la emergencia y la vigencia del DNU, la incógnita está en si se volverá para todos los trabajadores privados en Argentina al sistema de estabilidad relativa impropia o se podrá pasar a una intermedia, como es la que acompaña a los docentes privados mencionados desde 1947, parecida a la del Estatuto de los Trabajadores español para el caso de despido improcedente, o laexcepción del DNU se volverá regla.ABSTRACT: In times of pandemic, DNU No. 329/2020 (BO, 3/31/2020) of the national Executive Power was issued within the framework of the health emergency caused by the coronavirus and its extensions decided by DNU No. 487/2020 (BO, 19 / 5/2020) and DNU No. 624/2020 (BO, 7/29/2020) prohibited dismissals without just cause and for economic reasons and force majeure for a period of 60 days from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette, from March 31to May 29, 2020, then until July 28 and later until September 26, 2020. A regime of own or absolute stability has been established for all private workers to those who reach these DNU, including private teachers of any level, curricular or not - but pro tempore, because it is limited to the closed period. The decision of the National Executive Power appears as constitutional and conventional, adequate to supra-legal norms that it cites itself and to other supra-referred ones, such as the jurisprudence of the CSJN and the IACHR. After the emergency and the validity of the DNU, the question is whether it will return for all private workers in Argentina to the system of improper relative stability or it will be possible to move to an intermediate one, such as the one that accompanies the private teachers mentioned since 1947, similar to that of the Spanish Workers' Statute in the case of unfair dismissal, or the exception of the DNU will become the rule.
Distribution of Iospilidae (Annelida) along the eastern Brazilian coast (from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)
Authors: Tovar-Faro Bruna , Leocádio Michele , De Paiva Paulo Cesar
Published: June 2021

We present the spatial distribution and abundance of the holoplanktonic family Iospilidae (Annelida, Polychaeta), along part of the eastern Brazilian coast, and its relation to environmental variables in the region. Samples were obtained from two collections made in 1998 and 2000 between 13°-25°S, and 28°- 42°W, on the Brazilian coast, between the Bay of Todos os Santos (BA) to Cape São Tomé (RJ). 216 stations were selected, covering the continental shelf, slope and oceanic regions, where plankton samples were collected for water and nutrient analysis. We analyzed environmental variables: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll-a. 363 individuals were collected, identifying two species, viz., Phalacrophorus uniformis and Phalacrophorus pictus, the first being the most abundant, with 354 individuals, while only nine specimens of P. pictus were found. Both species are mainly distributed in the oceanic region stations. The distribution of P. uniformis was related to the concentration of phosphate and nitrate. Significant differences between samples and between sectors of the continental shelf and oceanic region were found.
Taxonomic position of Lovenella gracilis Clarke, 1882 (Lovenellidae, Hydrozoa): new evidences of microanatomy justify its maintenance in the genus Lovenella Hincks, 1868
Authors: Pires Miranda Thaís , Ferreira Cunha Amanda , Marques Antonio C.
Published: June 2021

Lovenella gracilis Clarke, 1882 is one of the 15 nominal species referred to the genus Lovenella Hincks, 1868, a genus characterized by the presence of a basal line demarcating the separation between operculum and hydrotheca. However, Lovenella gracilis apparently does not have the demarcating line under light microscopy – therefore, the resurrection of the genus Dipleuron Brooks, 1882 was proposed to accommodate this species. The goal of this study is to redescribe the polyp of L. gracilis trying to resolve this doubtful taxonomical “status”. Fertile colonies were collected in the intertidal zone of Rio Grande do Norte and Santa Catarina States, representing the first record of the species for the South Atlantic. Scanning electron microcopy of L. gracilis has shown a tenuous demarcation between operculum and hydrotheca, corroborating its position in the genus Lovenella. Considering the new evidences presented, we propose the maintenance of the species L. gracilis in the genus Lovenella, and corroborate the synonymy of Dipleuron and Lovenella.
Use of tuna industry waste in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings: effect on digestibility and growth performance
Authors: Hernández Crisantema , Olvera-Novoa Miguel A. , Voltolina Domenico , Hardy Ronald W. , González-Rodriguez Blanca , Dominguez-Jimenez Patricia , Valverde-Romero Martin , Agramon-Romero Samuel
Published: June 2021

During the tuna canning process, about 52~54% of the total weight of the fish is discarded as waste, which can be processed in order to obtain tuna byproducts meal (TBM), or stabilized as tuna silage hydrolysates (TSH). Both products were tested as replacements of soybean meal (SBM), in diets for fingerling male Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Seven test diets were isonitrogenous (35% CP) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g-1): a basal diet contained SBM as main protein source (TSH0); four experimental diets had increasing inclusion levels of TSH replacing 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the SBM protein. The sixth diet contained TBM as sole protein source, and a commercial feed for tilapia was used as reference diet (RD). The diets were fed for eight weeks to triplicate tanks, each with 15 fry tilapia (initial weight of 0.89 ± 0.29 g). Tilapia fed the TBM diet had greater weight gain and feed intake, and lower feed conversion ratios than those fed diets containing with TSH. The RD, TSH25 and TSH50 diets gave the similar growth response. Fish fed diets TSH0, TSH75% and TSH100% showed reduced growth performance.