bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black phosphorus-Au-thiosugar nanosheets mediated photothermal induced anti-tumor effect enhancement by promoting infiltration of NK cells in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jia Changchang , Zhang Fan , Lin Jiamei , Feng Liwen , Wang Tiantian , Feng Yuan , Yuan Feng , Mai Yang , Zeng Xiaowei , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2022

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous cancer required combination therapy, such as photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, cancer immunotherapies are rapidly evolving and are some of the most promising avenues to approach malignancies. Thus, the combination of the traditional therapies and immunotherapy in one platform may improve the efficacy for HCC treatment.

Results

In this work, we have prepared a black phosphorus (BP)-Au-thiosugar nanosheets (BATNS), in which Au-thiosugar coating and functionalization improved the stability of both black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) and gold ions in different simulated physiological environments. The compression of the BATNS band gap can convert more photon energy to heat generation compared with BPNS, resulting in higher photothermal conversion efficiency. The in vitro and in vivo results also revealed a stronger reduction on the hepatocellular carcinoma of mice and prolonged survival of disease models compared with BPNS. More importantly, BATNS showed an additional immune effect by increasing local NK cell infiltration but not T cell on the liver cancer treatment, and this immune effect was caused by the thermal effect of BATNS photothermal treatment.

Conclusions

The novel BATNS could improve the stability of BPNS and simultaneously combine the cancer thermotherapy and immunotherapy leaded by local NK cell infiltration, resulting in a better therapeutic efficacy on hepatocellular carcinoma. This work also provided a new path to design BP-based materials for biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract
The value of tumor deposits in evaluating colorectal cancer survival and metastasis: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Zeng Shun , Zhang Xianbin , Liu Peng , Qiu Tong , Li Shulin , Gong Peng
Published: February 2022

Background

The role of tumor deposits (TDs) in TNM staging of colorectal cancer is controversial, especially the relationship with distant metastasis.

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the effect of TDs on the survival of colorectal cancer and the occurrence of distant metastasis and to determine whether TDs (+) patients behaved similarly to stage IV patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of CRC patients from two large independent cohorts from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (n= 58775) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (n= 742).

Results

Univariate logistic analyses revealed that TDs are an independent predictor of liver metastasis [p< 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 5.738; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.560–9.248] in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University’s patients. Meanwhile, TDs are also an independent predictor of isolated organ metastasis [p<0.001; odds ratio (OR): 3.028; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.414–3.79; multiple organ metastases [p< 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 4.778; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.109–5.556]; isolated liver metastasis [p< 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 4.395; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.099–4.713] and isolated lung metastasis [p< 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 5.738; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.560–9.248] in the SEER database. Multivariate analyses suggested TDs are an independent poor prognostic factor for distant metastasis (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our results have shown that compared with patients with negative TDs, CRC patients with positive TDs are more likely to develop distant metastasis. Patients categorized as T4aN2bM0 TDs (+) and T4bN2M0 TDs (+) have a similar prognosis as those with stage IV, and hence these patients should be classified as stage IV.
The barriers and facilitators of Iranian men's involvement in perinatal care: a qualitative study
Authors: Hajian Sepideh , Mehran Nahid , Simbar Masoumeh , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Pregnancy and childbirth are crucial events in women's lives that can be done well with the support of people around them, especially their husbands. However, a number of factors can reduce or increase the supportive role of spouses during this period. The aim of the present study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of Iranian men's involvement in perinatal care.

Materials and methods

This was a qualitative phenomenological study that sampling of respondents (pregnant women or the women who have recently given birth (one week to six months after childbirth), spouses, policy makers and midwifery service providers) was done through purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria included: being Iranian, the ability to understand and transfer the concepts into Persian, and employment in a midwifery center for at least one year (for service providers). Data were collected through in-depth interviews until the data saturation. The collected data were analyzed by conventional content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman method steps. MAXQDA version 10 software was used to manage the data and Guba and Lincoln criteria were also used to ensure the trustworthiness of findings.

Results

Men's involvement in perinatal care was found to be influenced by certain incentives, particular constraints and some gender authoritarian attitudes. There were 5, 4, and 3 subcategories in incentives, constraints, and gender attitudes respectively.

Conclusion

The results revealed that men face a dual mechanism in participating in perinatal care, in which some of these factors can facilitate their participation and others can reduce it.
Pain cognitions and impact of low back pain after participation in a self-management program: a qualitative study
Authors: Joern Lise , Kongsted Alice , Thomassen Line , Hartvigsen Jan , Ravn Susanne
Published: February 2022

Background

Benefits from low back pain (LBP) treatments seem to be related to patients changing their pain cognitions and developing an increased sense of control. Still, little is known about how these changes occur. The objective of this study was to gain insights into possible shifts in the understanding of LBP and the sense of being able to manage pain among patients participating in a LBP self-management intervention.

Methods

Using a qualitative study and a content analytic framework, we investigated the experiences of patients with LBP who participated in ‘GLA:D® Back’, a group-based structured patient education and exercise program. Data were generated through qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted between January 2019 and October 2019. Interviews focused on experiences with pain and were analysed using a thematic analytical approach. The Common Sense Model and self-efficacy theory formed the theoretical framework for the interpretations. Participants were sampled to represent people who were either dissatisfied or satisfied with their participation in GLA:D® Back. Fifteen participants aged 26–62, eight women and seven men, were interviewed from February to April 2020.

Results

Four main themes, corresponding to the characterisation of four patient groups, were identified: ‘Feeling miscast, ‘Maintaining reservations', ‘Struggling with habits’ and ‘Handling it’. The participants within each group differed in how they understood, managed, and communicated about their LBP. Some retained the perception of LBP as a threatening disease, some expressed a changed understanding that did not translate into new behaviors, while others had changed their understanding of pain and their reaction to pain.

Conclusions

The same intervention was experienced very differently by different people dependent on how messages and communication resonated with the individual patient's experiences and prior understanding of LBP. Awareness of the ways that individuals’ understanding of LBP interact with behaviour and physical activities appear central for providing adaptive professional support and meeting the needs of individual patients.
Effects of posterior lumbar nonfusion surgery with isobar devices versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery on clinical and radiological features in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Guan Jianbin , Liu Tao , Li Wenhao , Zhao He , Yang Kaitan , Li Chuanhong , Feng Ningning , Jiang Guozheng , Yang Yongdong , Yu Xing
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of posterior lumbar isobar nonfusion with isobar devices versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDDs).

Materials and method

We performed a literature review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Cochrane methodology. The analysis included a Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation assessments, Jadad Quality Score evaluations, and Risk of Bias in Randomized Studies of Interventions assessments. The PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases were searched to collect and compare relevant randomized controlled trials and cohort studies of isobar nonfusion and PLIF in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. The retrieval time was from database inception to June 2021. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Outcome measures of interest included low back pain, disability, and radiological features. The protocol for this systematic review was registered on INPLASY (2021110059) and is available in full on inplasy.com (https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-11-0059/).

Results

Of the 7 RCTs, 394 patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results showed that isobar nonfusion surgery shortened the surgical duration (P = 0.03), reducing intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.001), retained the ROM of surgical segment (P < 0.00001) and the ROM of the lumbar spine (P < 0.00001), and reduced the incidence of ASD (P = 0.0001). However, no significant difference in the postoperative ODI index (P = 0.81), VAS score of LBP (P = 0.59, VAS score of lower limb pain (P = 0.05, and JOA score (P = 0.27) was noted.

Conclusions

Posterior lumbar nonfusion surgery with isobar devices is superior to PLIF in shortening the surgical duration, reducing intraoperative bleeding, retaining the ROM of surgical segments and the lumbar spine to a certain extent, and preventing ASD. Given the possible publication bias, we recommend further large-scale studies.
Genomic variations and epigenomic landscape of the Medaka Inbred Kiyosu-Karlsruhe (MIKK) panel
Authors: Leger Adrien , Brettell Ian , Monahan Jack , Barton Carl , Wolf Nadeshda , Kusminski Natalja , Herder Cathrin , Aadepu Narendar , Becker Clara , Gierten Jakob , Hammouda Omar T. , Hasel Eva , Lischik Colin , Lust Katharina , Sokolova Natalia , Suzuki Risa , Tavhelidse Tinatini , Thumberger Thomas , Tsingos Erika , Watson Philip , Welz Bettina , Naruse Kiyoshi , Loosli Felix , Wittbrodt Joachim , Birney Ewan , Fitzgerald Tomas
Published: February 2022

Background

The teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a well-established vertebrate model system, with a long history of genetic research, and multiple high-quality reference genomes available for several inbred strains. Medaka has a high tolerance to inbreeding from the wild, thus allowing one to establish inbred lines from wild founder individuals.

Results

We exploit this feature to create an inbred panel resource: the Medaka Inbred Kiyosu-Karlsruhe (MIKK) panel. This panel of 80 near-isogenic inbred lines contains a large amount of genetic variation inherited from the original wild population. We use Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long read data to further investigate the genomic and epigenomic landscapes of a subset of the MIKK panel. Nanopore sequencing allows us to identify a large variety of high-quality structural variants, and we present results and methods using a pan-genome graph representation of 12 individual medaka lines. This graph-based reference MIKK panel genome reveals novel differences between the MIKK panel lines and standard linear reference genomes. We find additional MIKK panel-specific genomic content that would be missing from linear reference alignment approaches. We are also able to identify and quantify the presence of repeat elements in each of the lines. Finally, we investigate line-specific CpG methylation and performed differential DNA methylation analysis across these 12 lines.

Conclusions

We present a detailed analysis of the MIKK panel genomes using long and short read sequence technologies, creating a MIKK panel-specific pan genome reference dataset allowing for investigation of novel variation types that would be elusive using standard approaches.
Germline specification from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yao Chunmeng , Yao Ruqiang , Luo Haining , Shuai Ling
Published: February 2022

Reproduction is a key event in life guaranteeing the propagation and evolution of a species. Infertility caused by abnormal germ cell development is a topic of extensive concern. Herein, in vitro germline specification studies provide a modeling platform to investigate gametogenesis. The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into germ cells has been studied for more than 30 years, and there have been many astonishing breakthroughs in the last decade. Fertile sperm and oocytes can be obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) through a primordial germ cell (PGC)-based method. Moreover, human PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) can be derived with a similar strategy as that used for mouse PGCLC derivation. In this review, we describe the reconstitution of PGCs and the subsequent meiosis, as well as the signaling pathways and factors involved in these processes.
Dietary patterns of persons with chronic conditions within a multi-ethnic population: results from the nationwide Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey on diabetes in Singapore
Authors: Tan Yeow Wee Brian , Lau Jue Hua , AshaRani PV , Roystonn Kumarasan , Devi Fiona , Lee Ying Ying , Whitton Clare , Wang Peizhi , Shafie Saleha , Chang Sherilyn , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Chua Boon Yiang , Abdin Edimansyah , Sum Chee Fang , Lee Eng Sing , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: February 2022

Background

Chronic conditions are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and respective data on dietary patterns remain scant. The present study aimed to investigate dietary patterns and identify sociodemographic factors associated with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores within a multi-ethnic population with various chronic conditions.

Methods

The present study utilised data from the 2019-2020 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices study on diabetes in Singapore – a nationwide survey conducted to track the knowledge, attitudes, and practices pertaining to diabetes. The study analysed data collected from a sample of 2,895 Singapore residents, with information from the sociodemographic section, DASH diet screener, and the modified version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0 checklist of chronic physical conditions.

Results

Respondents with no chronic condition had a mean DASH score of 18.5 (±4.6), those with one chronic condition had a mean DASH score of 19.2 (±4.8), and those with two or more chronic conditions had a mean DASH score of 19.8 (±5.2). Overall, the older age groups [35– 49 years (B = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.23 – 2.33, p <0.001), 50–64 years (B = 2.86, 95% CI: 22.24 – 3.47, p <0.001) and 65 years and above (B = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.73 – 4.17, p <0.001)], Indians (B = 2.54, 95% CI: 2.09 – 2.98, p <0.001) reported better diet quality, while males (B = -1.50, 95% CI: -1.87 – -1.14, p <0.001) reported poorer diet quality versus females.

Conclusion

Overall, respondents with two or more chronic conditions reported better quality of diet while the sociodemographic factors of age, gender and ethnicity demonstrated a consistent pattern in correlating with diet quality, consistent with the extant literature. Results provide further insights for policymakers to refine ongoing efforts in relation to healthy dietary practices for Singapore.
Determinants and spatial distribution of institutional delivery in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Surveys 2019
Authors: Gilano Girma , Hailegebreal Samuel , Seboka Biniyam Tariku
Published: February 2022

Background

Over the past few decades, maternal and child mortality had drawn the attention of governments and policymakers. Institutional delivery has been among the implementations needed to reduce maternal and child mortality. The fact that the problem was persisted intensified studies to research for more factors. Thus, the current study was intended for further analyses of EMDHS to identify the magnitude, spatial patterns, and predictors of institutional delivery.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey data from EMDHS 2019 was analyzed involving 5488 reproductive-age women regarding institutional deliveries. We presented descriptive statistics using mean, standard deviations, and proportions. To check the nature of the distribution of institutional delivery, we applied the global Moran’s I statistics. Getis-Ord Gi statistics was applied to detect spatial locations, and we applied spatial interpolation to predict unknown locations of institutional delivery using the Ordinary Kriging method. Kulldorff’s SatScan was also applied to identify the specific local clustering nature of institutional delivery using the Bernoulli method. We applied multilevel binary logistic regression for the scrutiny of individual and community-level factors. We applied P < 0.25 to include variables in the model and P < 0.05 to declare associations. AOR with 95% CI was used to describe variables.

Results

The prevalence of institution/facility delivery was 2666.45(48.58%) in the survey. The average number of children was 4.03 ± 2.47, and most women in this survey were in the age range of the 25-29 years (31.84%) and 30–34 years (21.61%). Women who learned primary education (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.20–1.95), secondary education (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.03–3.07), and higher education (AOR = 5.41; 95% 1.91–15.25), while those who can read and write sentences (AOR = 1.94; 95% 1.28–2.94), Rich (AOR = 2.40 95% CI 1.82–3.16), and those followed 1–2 ANC (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.57–2.76), 3 ANCs (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI 2.51–418), and ≥ 4 ANCs (AOR = 4.91; 95% CI 3.93–6.15) had higher odds of delivering at health institutions.

Conclusion

The institutional delivery was unsatisfactory in Ethiopia, and there were various factors associated differently across the different regions. Pastoralist regions showed high home delivery than institutions which invites further interventions specific to those regions. Factors like age, highest education level achieved, preceding birth interval, literacy status, wealth status, birth order, regions, and rural residences were all affected institutional delivery so that interventions considering awareness, access, and availability of the services are vital.
Green BIM-based study on the green performance of university buildings in northern China
Authors: Liu Qibo , Wang Zixin
Published: February 2022

Background

Energy-efficient university campuses will play a vital role in the development of future sustainable cities, and will be important for achieving the Chinese carbon-neutrality goals. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new decision-making tools for evaluating the sustainability of campus buildings. Since university campuses typically comprise a broad variety of building types, standardized evaluation methods and tools, such as Green BIM, are needed. Green BIM (Building Information Modeling) emphasizes the importance and role of BIM technology in the design and construction of green buildings, providing a standardized framework for the decision-making process, and methods for improving the green performance of buildings.

Methods

This study develops a method based on the Green BIM framework, using BIM architecture to analyse building performance, and the Assessment Standard for Green Building (GB/T 50378-2019) standard to establish benchmark values for evaluation, and project objectives. The method is evaluated on three examples of the most representative university buildings in northern China. The goal is to understand common denominators and differences between different types of campus buildings, in terms of green building indicators, that are important to consider in the early design stages of campus building complexes.

Results

In this study, a library is used as a case study to demonstrate the tools for evaluating green performance. The study optimizes green performance from five aspects: surrounding environment, function layout, envelope performance and system transformation, and management measures improvement. The results show that this optimization scheme can achieve reductions of the annual loads of about 47.4%, in line with the national energy efficiency standards for public buildings. In particular, the heating load was reduced by 59.1%, and the cooling load reduced by 21.5%.

Conclusion

A comprehensive approach, combining the aspects of planning, building design, system design, energy management, and energy conservation planning, is required to improve the green performance of university buildings to meet the goals. In the future, it will be further necessary to perform data mining of energy consumption patterns, and continue energy retrofitting of existing buildings and energy systems, to achieve the goal of green and low-carbon campuses.
Prodromal Parkinson's disease: hype or hope for disease-modification trials?
Authors: Mahlknecht Philipp , Marini Kathrin , Werkmann Mario , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus
Published: February 2022

The ultimate goal in Parkinson's disease (PD) research remains the identification of treatments that are capable of slowing or even halting the progression of the disease. The failure of numerous past disease-modification trials in PD has been attributed to a variety of factors related not only to choosing wrong interventions, but also to using inadequate trial designs and target populations. In patients with clinically established PD, neuronal pathology may already have advanced too far to be modified by any intervention. Based on such reasoning, individuals in yet prediagnostic or prodromal disease stages, may provide a window of opportunity to test disease-modifying strategies. There is now sufficient evidence from prospective studies to define diagnostic criteria for prodromal PD and several approaches have been studied in observational cohorts. These include the use of PD-risk algorithms derived from multiple established risk factors for disease as well as follow-up of cohorts with single defined prodromal markers like hyposmia, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, or PD gene carriers. In this review, we discuss recruitment strategies for disease-modification trials in various prodromal PD cohorts, as well as potential trial designs, required trial durations, and estimated sample sizes. We offer a concluding outlook on how the goal of implementing disease-modification trials in prodromal cohorts might be achieved in the future.
Circulating Proteome and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gou Wanglong , Yue Liang , Tang Xin-yi , Wu Yan-yan , Cai Xue , Shuai Menglei , Miao Zelei , Fu Yuanqing , Chen Hao , Jiang Zengliang , Wang Jiali , Tian Yunyi , Xiao Congmei , Xiang Nan , Wu Zhen , Chen Yu-ming , Guo Tiannan , Zheng Ju-Sheng
Published: February 2022

Context

Circulating proteomes may provide intervention targets for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

We aimed to identify proteomic biomarkers associated with incident T2D and assess its joint effect with dietary or lifestyle factors on the T2D risk.

Methods

We established 2 nested case-control studies for incident T2D: discovery cohort (median 6.5 years of follow-up, 285 case-control pairs) and validation cohort (median 2.8 years of follow-up, 38 case-control pairs). We integrated untargeted mass spectrometry-based proteomics and interpretable machine learning to identify T2D-related proteomic biomarkers. We constructed a protein risk score (PRS) with the identified proteomic biomarkers and used a generalized estimating equation to evaluate PRS-T2D relationship with repeated profiled proteome. We evaluated association of PRS with trajectory of glycemic traits in another non-T2D cohort (n = 376). Multiplicative interactions of dietary or lifestyle factors with PRS were evaluated using logistic regression.

Results

Seven proteins (SHBG, CAND1, APOF, SELL, MIA3, CFH, IGHV1-2) were retained as the proteomic biomarkers for incident T2D. PRS (per SD change) was positively associated with incident T2D across 2 cohorts, with an odds ratio 1.29 (95% CI, 1.08-1.54) and 1.84 (1.19-2.84), respectively. Participants with a higher PRS had a higher probability showing unfavored glycemic trait trajectory in the non-T2D cohort. Red meat intake and PRS showed a multiplicative interaction on T2D risk in the discovery (P = 0.003) and validation cohort (P = 0.017).

Conclusion

This study identified proteomic biomarkers for incident T2D among the Chinese populations. The higher intake of red meat may synergistically interact with the proteomic biomarkers to exaggerate the T2D risk.
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Improves Cerebral Macrocirculation and Microcirculation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Shah Kevin A. , White Timothy G. , Powell Keren , Woo Henry H. , Narayan Raj K. , Li Chunyan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the most consequential secondary insult after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is a multifactorial process caused by a combination of large artery vasospasm and microcirculatory dysregulation. Despite numerous efforts, no effective therapeutic strategies are available to prevent DCI. The trigeminal nerve richly innervates cerebral blood vessels and releases a host of vasoactive agents upon stimulation. As such, electrical trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) has the capability of enhancing cerebral circulation.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether TNS can restore impaired cerebral macrocirculation and microcirculation in an experimental rat model of SAH.

METHODS:

The animals were randomly assigned to sham-operated, SAH-control, and SAH-TNS groups. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation on Day 0, followed by KCl-induced cortical spreading depolarization on day 1, and sample collection on day 2. TNS was delivered on day 1. Multiple end points were assessed including cerebral vasospasm, microvascular spasm, microthrombosis, calcitonin gene-related peptide and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations, degree of cerebral ischemia and apoptosis, and neurobehavioral outcomes.

RESULTS:

SAH resulted in significant vasoconstriction in both major cerebral vessels and cortical pial arterioles. Compared with the SAH-control group, TNS increased lumen diameters of the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, and anterior cerebral artery, and decreased pial arteriolar wall thickness. Additionally, TNS increased cerebrospinal fluid calcitonin gene-related peptide levels, and decreased cortical intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, parenchymal microthrombi formation, ischemia-induced hypoxic injury, cellular apoptosis, and neurobehavioral deficits.

CONCLUSION:

Our results suggest that TNS can enhance cerebral circulation at multiple levels, lessen the impact of cerebral ischemia, and ameliorate the consequences of DCI after SAH.
Conversations with LGBT+ scientists about visibility, leadership and climbing the career ladder
Authors: Bristow Robert G. , Engel Joanne , Jayasinghe Izzy , Kampmann Martin , James Sansom Owen , Bryant David M.
Published: February 2022

February is LGBT+ history month, and to celebrate, Journal of Cell Science Editorial Advisory Board member David Bryant organised a conversation with a selection of scientists to explore their experiences of being LGBT+ in academia.
Adaptations to a hypoxic lifestyle in naked mole-rats
Authors: Pamenter Matthew E.
Published: February 2022

Hypoxia is one of the strongest environmental drivers of cellular and physiological adaptation. Although most mammals are largely intolerant of hypoxia, some specialized species have evolved mitigative strategies to tolerate hypoxic niches. Among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals are naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber), a eusocial species of subterranean rodent native to eastern Africa. In hypoxia, naked mole-rats maintain consciousness and remain active despite a robust and rapid suppression of metabolic rate, which is mediated by numerous behavioural, physiological and cellular strategies. Conversely, hypoxia-intolerant mammals and most other hypoxia-tolerant mammals cannot achieve the same degree of metabolic savings while staying active in hypoxia and must also increase oxygen supply to tissues, and/or enter torpor. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that naked mole-rats share many cellular strategies with non-mammalian vertebrate champions of anoxia tolerance, including the use of alternative metabolic end-products and potent pH buffering mechanisms to mitigate cellular acidification due to upregulation of anaerobic metabolic pathways, rapid mitochondrial remodelling to favour increased respiratory efficiency, and systemic shifts in energy prioritization to maintain brain function over that of other tissues. Herein, I discuss what is known regarding adaptations of naked mole-rats to a hypoxic lifestyle, and contrast strategies employed by this species to those of hypoxia-intolerant mammals, closely related African mole-rats, other well-studied hypoxia-tolerant mammals, and non-mammalian vertebrate champions of anoxia tolerance. I also discuss the neotenic theory of hypoxia tolerance – a leading theory that may explain the evolutionary origins of hypoxia tolerance in mammals – and highlight promising but underexplored avenues of hypoxia-related research in this fascinating model organism.
Life Expectancy in Survivors of Esophageal Cancer Compared with the Background Population
Authors: Lundberg Ellinor , Lagergren Pernilla , Mattsson Fredrik , Lagergren Jesper
Published: February 2022

It is unknown whether the survival of patients cured of esophageal cancer differs from that of the corresponding background population. This nationwide and population-based cohort study included all patients who survived for at least 5 years after surgery for esophageal cancer in Sweden between 1987 and 2015, with follow-up throughout 2020. Relative survival rates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by dividing the observed with the expected survival. The expected survival was assessed from the entire Swedish population of the corresponding age, sex, and calendar year. Yearly relative survival rates were calculated between 6 and 10 years postoperatively. Among all 762 participants, the relative survival was initially similar to the background population (96.1%, 95% CI 94.3–97.9%), but decreased each following postoperative year to 83.5% (95% CI 79.5–87.6%) by year 10. The drop in relative survival between 6 and 10 years was more pronounced in participants with a history of squamous cell carcinoma [from 94.5% (95% CI 91.2–97.8%) to 70.8% (95% CI 64.0–77.6%)] than in those with adenocarcinoma [from 96.9% (95% CI 94.8–99.0%) to 91.5% (95% CI 86.6–96.3%)], and in men [from 96.0% (95% CI 93.8–98.1%) to 81.8% (95% CI 76.8–86.8%)] than in women [from 96.4% (95% CI 93.4–99.5%) to 88.1% (95% CI 81.5–94.8%)]. No major differences were found between age groups. In conclusion, esophageal cancer survivors had a decline in survival between 6 and 10 years after surgery compared with the corresponding general population, particularly those with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and male sex.
Classificação multicritério: aplicação do Electre TRI aos métodos de previsão de demanda para novos produtos
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme Fernando , Bassetto Priscilla , Rocha Rony Peterson da , Kachba Yslene Rocha , Braghini Junior Aldo
Published: February 2022

A pesquisa tem como objetivo propor uma classificação multicritério aos métodos de previsão de demanda para novos produtos, considerando as características do sistema brasileiro de franquias. Utilizou-se a técnica de coleta dos dados do tipo questionário e realizou-se uma validação com especialistas da área, além da aplicação do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que demonstrou confiabilidade e consistência do questionário. Utilizou-se o apoio multicritério à decisão, Electre TRI, por meio do software Iris 2.0. A análise dos resultados foi realizada em três segmentos de franquias e adotou uma classificação de novos produtos em classes como ‘adições a linhas de produtos existentes’ e ‘novos produtos para a empresa’. Para o de bares, restaurantes, padarias e pizzarias, na classe ‘adições a linhas existentes de produtos’, os resultados mostram que os métodos pesquisa de mercado, analogia histórica, simulação de cenários, pesquisa da equipe de vendas, Box-Jenkins (Arima) e análise de regressão foram considerados como recomendados. No segmento de cosméticos e perfumaria, na classe ‘adições a linhas existentes de produtos’, os resultados mostram que os métodos pesquisa de mercado e Delphi, analogia histórica, pesquisa da equipe de vendas, média móvel e Box-Jenkins (Arima) se enquadraram como recomendados. Por fim, os resultados para o segmento de livrarias, gráficas e sinalização, na classe ‘novos produtos para a empresa’, mostram que os métodos pesquisa de mercado e Delphi, analogia histórica, simulação de cenários e pesquisa da equipe de vendas foram considerados como recomendados.
Ανάπτυξη εκπαιδευτικών σχεδιασμών στο νηπιαγωγείο για την υποστήριξη της καλλιέργειας ικανοτήτων του 21ου αιώνα: Παράμετροι που σχετίζονται με την εισαγωγή της αγγλικής γλώσσας στο νηπιαγωγείο και το (νέο) Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών της προσχολικής εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Πεντέρη Ευθυμία
Published: February 2022

Οι ικανότητες του 21ου αιώνα δεν αποτελούν μια νέα πρόταση στο χώρο της εκπαίδευσης. Ο τρόπος που οργανώνονται, αλληλοσυμπληρώνονται και διαμορφώνουν το πλαίσιο για τον μετασχηματισμό του εκπαιδευτικού σχεδιασμού στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση, συνιστά μια νέα παράμετρο που αναλύεται στο παρόν άρθρο και δημιουργεί συνδέσεις με την εισαγωγή της αγγλικής γλώσσας στο νηπιαγωγείο. Οι σύνθετες και ρευστές κοινωνικές παράμετροι και η πολυπλοκότητα της σύγχρονης ζωής διαμορφώνουν το πλαίσιο ώστε η εκπαίδευση από την προσχολική ηλικία να προσανατολίζεται στην κατεύθυνση της ανάπτυξης υπεύθυνων και ενημερωμένων πολιτών που είναι σε θέση να διαχειρίζονται τις σύγχρονες προκλήσεις της κοινωνίας λαμβάνοντας υπόψη το κοινό μέλλον. Οι ικανότητες του 21ου αιώνα αναδεικνύουν την παγκόσμια διάσταση της εκπαίδευσης και η ανάδυσή τους από την προσχολική ηλικία δημιουργεί τη βάση για την καλλιέργειά τους σε μια δια βίου προοπτική. Η εισαγωγή της αγγλικής γλώσσας στο νηπιαγωγείο βρίσκεται σε συστοιχία με αυτήν την προοπτική, καθώς παρέχει πλαίσιο και εργαλεία για την ανάπτυξη της ταυτότητας του παγκόσμιου πολίτη, ενώ ενισχύει τη διαπολιτισμική επικοινωνία και την αποδοχή του διαφορετικού. Αναφέρονται βασικές παράμετροι του εκπαιδευτικού σχεδιασμού που λαμβάνουν υπόψη το πώς μαθαίνουν τα παιδιά, το περιεχόμενο των ικανοτήτων που αναμένεται να αναπτυχθούν και παρουσιάζονται ιδέες για διαθεματικές δραστηριότητες που ενσωματώνουν λειτουργικά την εισαγωγή της αγγλικής γλώσσας στο πρόγραμμα του νηπιαγωγείου.
Η αρχιτεκτονική της Ιταλοκρατίας ως μέσο επιβολής και οικειοποίησης του χώρου στα Δωδεκάνησα (1912-1945)
Authors: Χριστοφυλάκης Στυλιανός
Published: February 2022

Η διατριβή πραγματεύεται την Αρχιτεκτονική της Ιταλοκρατίας στα Δωδεκάνησα μέσω της οποίας επιχειρήθηκε μία πολιτισμική οικειοποίηση και επιβολή στο χώρο, τη συγκεκριμένη χρονική περίοδο από το 1912 ως το 1945.Γίνεται μία σύντομη ιστορική αναφορά στην προσπάθεια της Ιταλίας, να οργανωθεί και να λειτουργήσει ως μία αποικιακή μητρόπολη, στον ευρύτερο αποικιακό χώρο της πρίν και μετά την ανακήρυξη της Αυτοκρατορίας το 1936. Η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στο χώρο της Δωδεκανήσου, αναλύοντας τις χωροταξικές - πολεοδομικές και αρχιτεκτονικές επιλογές και επεμβάσεις. Παράλληλα αγγίζοντας το λεπτομερή ολικό σχεδιασμό, προσπαθεί να τον συσχετίσει με μια σφαιρική προσέγγιση του αποικιακού χώρου που δημιουργήθηκε, προσδιορίζοντας και αποκωδικοποιώντας τα χαρακτηριστικά του και τις προθέσεις του.Τα δύο πρώτα κεφάλαια αναφέρονται στην ιστορική διαδρομή και ταυτότητα του Ιταλικού επεκτατισμού, καθώς και την οργάνωση του χώρου μέσα από τις επιλογές τόσο των επεμβάσεων όσο και του ιδιαίτερου τρόπου με τον οποίο η αρχιτεκτονική συγκρότηση φθάνει να επιβάλλει συγκεκριμένα μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά που προωθούσαν την πολιτική εικόνα του καθεστώτος.Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται τη γενική πολιτική διαχείρισης του χώρου στην κατεύθυνση της επιβολής, των φυλετικών ή εθνικών διαχωρισμών στη Λιβύη και την Ανατολική Αφρική, μια και γεωγραφικά οριοθετούν την αρχή, την πορεία και το τέλος του Ιταλικού επεκτατισμού. Από το τέταρτο έως και το όγδοο κεφάλαιο η έρευνα εστιάζει στον χώρο της Δωδεκανήσου, με τις ιδιαιτερότητες διαμόρφωσης ενός ιστορικού υπόβαθρου επιλεγμένων ιστορικών αναφορών και της διαχείρισης του χώρου στις πόλεις της Ρόδου, της Κω, της Λέρου και των πυρήνων του αγροτικού εποικισμού σε Ρόδο και Κω.Στο ένατο και δέκατο κεφάλαιο ερευνώνται οι περιαστικές και τοπιακές επεμβάσεις καθώς και οι εγκαταστάσεις στον Προφήτη Ηλία στη Ρόδο.Στο ενδέκατο κεφάλαιο μελετάται η διαχείριση του χώρου μέσω των κυβερνητικών κτιρίων στα άλλα νησιά, ενώ στο δωδέκατο και δέκατο τρίτο κεφάλαιο η χειραγώγηση της εικόνας (τουριστικά έντυπα - ζωγραφική - γλυπτική - χαρακτική - κινηματογράφος - εραλδικά σύμβολα) ως μέσου διασποράς μηνυμάτων, οικειοποίησης και επιβολής καθώς και η αντίληψη - αναπαράσταση του χώρου μέσα από τις μορφολογικές αναφορές και τον ολικό σχεδιασμό, έως τις σημειολογικές συγγένειες με την Ιταλία και τον ευρύτερο αποικιακό χώρο.Το δέκατο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται το τέλος της Ιταλικής αποικιοκρατίας στα Δωδεκάνησα, καταλήγοντας σε συμπεράσματα για αυτήν την τριαντατριάχρονη πορεία και προσφέροντας ως επίλογο την αναφορά στην ιστορική μνήμη και τον απόηχο της ο οποίος συνεχίζει να επηρεάζει και πολλές φορές να καθορίζει τον χώρο έως σήμερα.
Икономически проблеми на органичното земеделие в гърция
Authors: Παυλίδης Σταύρος
Published: February 2022

Η διατριβή στηρίχθηκε στην ανάλυση της παραγωγικότητας και της οικονομικής απόδοσης βιολογικών αγροκτημάτων σύνθετα ως προς την παραγωγική τους διάρθρωση. Η παραγωγή και απόδοση τους συγκρίθηκε με αντίστοιχα συμβατικής γεωργίας με έμφαση στον τομέα της ελαιοπαραγωγής προκείμενου να διαπιστωθούν οι διαφορές τόσο σε θέματα καλλιεργητικά όσο και σε θέματα απόδοσης των καλλιεργειών μεταξύ της συμβατικής και βιολογικής παραγωγής. Στόχος η πρόταση σχεδίων παραγωγής και διάρθρωσης αλλά και οικονομικής διαχείρισης στην βιολογική παραγωγή ώστε αυτή να οδηγηθεί σε πιο οικονομικά και αποδοτικά αποτελέσματα
Methods for sequencing the pandemic: benefits of rapid or high-throughput processing
Authors: Folkerts Megan L. , Lemmer Darrin , Pfeiffer Ashlyn , Vasquez Danielle , French Chris , Jones Amber , Nguyen Marjorie , Larsen Brendan , Porter W. Tanner , Sheridan Krystal , Bowers Jolene R. , Engelthaler David M.
Published: February 2022

Genomic epidemiology has proven successful for real-time and retrospective monitoring of small and large-scale outbreaks. Here, we report two genomic sequencing and analysis strategies for rapid-turnaround or high-throughput processing of metagenomic samples. The rapid-turnaround method was designed to provide a quick phylogenetic snapshot of samples at the heart of active outbreaks, and has a total turnaround time of <48 hours from raw sample to analyzed data. The high-throughput method, first reported here for SARS-CoV2, was designed for semi-retrospective data analysis, and is both cost effective and highly scalable. Though these methods were developed and utilized for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response in Arizona, U.S, we envision their use for infectious disease epidemiology in the 21st Century.
Peningkatan Potensi Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Pliwetan, Kecamatan Palang, Kabupaten Tuban Melalui Pembuatan dan Pemasaran Olahan Nugget Ikan Serta Pemanfaatan Limbah Olahan Ikan Sebagai Alternatif Pupuk Organik Cair
Authors: Putri Endah Mutiara Marhaeni , Burhan R.Y. Perry , Zetra Yulfi , Mujahid Muhammad Nadjib , Gunawan Triyanda , Nugraheni Zjahra Vianita
Published: February 2022

Potensi perikanan di Indonesia sangat besar. Pemanfaat total produk disektor perikanan di Indonesia sebagaian besar dikonsumsi dalam bentuk ikan. Untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dari pengolahan ikan, olahan modern seperti Nugget ikan sangat potensial untuk diterapkan. Limbah cair industri pembuatan nugget ikan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan karena mengandung banyak bahan organik. Oleh karena itu, pada pengabdian kali ini, akan dilakukan pemanfaatan limbah ikan menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi yaitu pupuk organik cair. Dengan dilakukan pelatihan dan transfer ilmu dalam proses pembuatan dan pemasaran olahan nugget ikan serta pemanfaatan limbah olahan ikan sebagai alternatif POC. Adapun hasil yang didapatkan adalah Analisis pada nugget ikan tenggiri dan ikan tongkol masuk ke dalam persyaratan mutu SNI 7758:2013. Dan Analisis yang telah dilakukan pada pupuk organik cair memenuhi persyaratan standar kualitas kompos SNI 19-7030 2004. Diharapkan bahwa dari pengabdian ini masyarakat mendapat terobosan baru dalam hal olahan ikan modern dengan proses yang mudah dan sederhana.
Rasgos prosódicos del español hablado en la ciudad de Temuco, IX región de Chile
Authors: Toy Peralta Alcimir Andrés
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que busca caracterizar los rasgos prosódicos que conforman a la variedad dialectal del español hablado en la ciudad de Temuco, IX región de Chile. Para esto se utilizan los métodos de análisis melódico del habla, análisis dinámico y análisis rítmico. Haciendo uso de un corpus compuesto por cien enunciados del tipo declarativo o neutro, perteneciente a veinte informantes de la ciudad de Temuco, se obtiene como principales resultados la presencia de una línea melódica más bien plana, con ausencia de primer pico y sin declinación, además de una inflexión final leve. A esto se agrega una curva dinámica sostenida con aumento de intensidad antes del final, seguida de un descenso abrupto aun cuando coincida con vocal tónica, además de aumentos de intensidad con independencia de si coincide con vocal tónica o átona. Finalmente, encontramos un perfil rítmico con distribución equitativa en los intervalos de las vocales tónicas y átonas, una sílaba final de grupo fónico más breve que sus predecesoras, pies rítmicos que combinan los esquemas largo-breve y breve-largo sin un patrón establecido y tendencia a igualar los valores de los píes rítmicos para luego aumentar o disminuir la velocidad.
La educación en valores en España. Discrepancias sobre la consecución de las metas del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 4 de la Agenda 2030
Authors: Souto Galván Beatriz
Published: February 2022

El debate sobre las competencias estatales en materia educativa sigue vigente en España. La comprensión del significado actual de “educación”, -asentado sin fisuras en el ámbito pedagógico- no tiene su correspondiente reflejo en el ámbito socio-político. En este trabajo se analizan, de una parte, los contenidos axiológicos derivados de la meta 7 del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 4 de la Agenda 2030 y su implementación en España y, de otra, las últimas polémicas originadas a propósito de la transmisión de estos mismos valores en el ámbito educativo preuniversitario español: el denominado pin parental-, que consiste en otorgar a los padres la potestad de autorizar expresamente la participación de sus hijos/as en cualquier actividad complementaria con contenidos de carácter ético, social, cívico, moral o sexual; y, la contestación a nueva la reforma educativa, la Ley Orgánica 3/2020, de 29 de diciembre, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación (en adelante LOMLOE). Este estudio propone una interpretación del artículo 27.2 CE que permita avanzar en el camino hacia una educación en valores en consonancia con los propósitos de la Agenda 2030.
La Mediación como herramienta de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en la naciente Ley de Convivencia Universitaria: Propuesta UNIMEDIA
Authors: Gonzalo Quiroga Marta
Published: February 2022

La presente aportación tiene por objetivo tripular la aeronave de la Cultura de Paz poniendo en funcionamiento cuatro de sus motores independientes pero interconectados por la mediación. De un lado, los propios Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles (ODS): 4 -Educación- y 16 -Paz, Justicia, e Instituciones sólidas-. Y, de otro lado, los Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR) y Online Dispute Resolutions (ODR), en general, y la mediación, como puente de conexión entre todos ellos, en particular. Vuelo internacional que aterrizará en una de las Instituciones que, a nuestro modo de ver, más y mayor responsabilidad ostenta en la construcción de los ODS y la Cultura de Paz en nuestra sociedad: la Universidad. Todo ello, desde la innovación y la actualidad, aplicado de forma concreta a España a través de dos Anteproyectos de Ley de Justicia y Educación que, factiblemente, entrarán en vigor en 2022: El Anteproyecto de Ley de Medidas de Eficiencia Procesal del Servicio Público de Justicia (2020, 15 de diciembre) y el Anteproyecto de Ley de convivencia Universitaria (2021, 25 de mayo). Sobre esta base se ha realizado una propuesta de mediación para la Educación Superior: El proyecto UNIMEDIA: una Universidad que media (dialoga, negocia y acuerda a la hora de gestionar sus conflictos), como modelo, formadora y guía en convivencia pacífica, contribuyendo así de manera esencial a la Cultura de Paz, en el marco de los ODS, Agenda 2030.
Los ODS como instrumento de aprendizaje: una experiencia multidisciplinar en los estudios universitarios
Authors: Aparicio Chofré Lucía , Bohorques Marchori Lupe , De Paredes Gallardo Carla , Escamilla Robla Cristina , Giménez Fita Elisa , Quilez Moreno José María
Published: February 2022

La aprobación de la Agenda 2030 y de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) representa una ambiciosa hoja de ruta para intentar dar respuesta a los desafíos globales y existenciales a los que se enfrenta a la humanidad. Bajo el lema de “No dejar a nadie a atrás” sus 17 objetivos comprenden cuestiones trascendentales que van desde la erradicación de la pobreza a la acción climática, pasando por el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas o el crecimiento económico sostenido, inclusivo y sostenible y terminando con la reducción de las desigualdades entre países o la promoción de sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas. En este contexto las Universidades, como el resto de los actores, están llamadas a desempeñar un papel crucial debido a su importante función como generadores y transmisores de conocimiento. Precisamente esta es la finalidad del presente proyecto de innovación educativa en el que nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje se utilizan para contribuir a este propósito. Se trata de una experiencia innovadora y multidisciplinar implantada durante varios cursos académicos en cuatro grados diferentes en la Universidad Europea de Valencia. Más de un centenar de estudiantes han tenido la oportunidad de participar en el proyecto obteniendo unos resultados altamente satisfactorios y una mejora evidente de sus conocimientos y competencias. Un proyecto, basado en alianzas y que posibilita que los estudiantes, en su condición de futuros líderes y gestores, no sólo conozcan y sean capaces de dar respuesta a estos importantes retos, sino que también adquieran una serie de competencias, las denominadas soft skills, que en la actualidad resultan imprescindibles.