bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis of the genetic structure of Liangshan pig population
Authors: Liu Bin , Shen Linyuan , Guo Zhixian , Gan Mailing , Chen Ying , Yang Runling , Niu Lili , Jiang Dongmei , Zhong Zhijun , Li Xuewei , Zhang Shunhua , Zhu Li
Published: May 2020

Objective: To conserve and utilize the genetic resources of a traditional Chinese indigenous pig breed, Liangshan pig, we assessed the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and genetic distance in this study. Methods: We used 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for SNP detection of 139 individuals in the Liangshan Pig Conservation Farm. Results: The genetically closed conserved population consisted of five overlapping generations, and the total effective content of the population (Ne) was 15. The whole population was divided into five boar families and one non-boar family. Among them, the effective size of each generation subpopulation continuously decreased. However, the proportion of polymorphic markers (PN) first decreased and then increased. The average genetic distance of these 139 Liangshan pigs was 0.2823±0.0259, and the average genetic distance of the 14 boars was 0.2723±0.0384. Thus, it can be deduced that the genetic distance changed from generation to generation. In the conserved population, 983 runs of homozygosity (ROH) were detected, and the majority of ROH (80%) were within 100 Mb. The inbreeding coefficient calculated based on ROH showed an average value of 0.026 for the whole population. In addition, the inbreeding coefficient of each generation subpopulation initially increased and then decreased. In the pedigree of the whole conserved population, the error rate of paternal information was more than 11.35% while the maternal information was more than 2.13%. Conclusion: This molecular study of the population genetic structure of Liangshan pig showed loss of genetic diversity during the closed cross-generation reproduction process. It is necessary to improve the mating plan or introduce new outside blood to ensure longterm preservation of Liangshan pig.
Effect of dietary selenium from selenium-enriched kale sprout, selenomethionine, and sodium selenite on performance and selenium concentrations in the tissues of growing quails
Authors: Chantiratikul Anut , Arunsangseesod Orawan , Wangkahart Eakapol , Leamsamrong Kwanyuen , Chantiratikul Piyanete
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary selenium (Se) from Se-enriched kale sprout (SeKS), selenomethionine (SeMet), and sodium selenite (SS) on performance, carcass characteristics and Se concentrations in the tissues, and to study the relationship between Se concentrations in muscle and feather in growing quails.Methods: The 320 quails (7 d of age) were divided into four treatments, according to a completely randomized design. The treatments were T1: control diet; T2, T3, and T4: control diets plus 0.2 mg Se/kg from SS, SeMet, and SeKS, respectively. The performance, carcass characteristics, and Se concentrations in the tissues of quails were determined.Results: The results indicated no effect (p>0.05) of Se supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in breast muscle of quails. Supplemental Se from SS, SeMet, and SeKS increased greater (p<0.05) Se concentrations in breast muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and feather, compared to those of quails fed the control diet. Quails fed Se from SeMet had greater (p<0.05) Se concentrations in the tissues than quails fed Se from SeKS and SS. In addition, Se concentrations in breast muscle and feather of quails at 21 and 42-d-old were highly correlated (R2 0.714 to 0.756) (p<0.05).Conclusion: Performance, carcass characteristics and GSH-Px activity in breast muscle of quails were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary Se supplementation. The Se from SeMet was more effective in increasing Se concentrations in the tissues of quails than Se from SeKS and SS. Feather Se concentrations of 21 and 42-d-old quails can be used for assessment of Se bioavailability of Se sources.
Root production and quality attributes of sweetpotato genotypes in Brasília-DF, Brazil, during two cropping seasons
Authors: Melo Raphael Augusto de Castro e , Amaro Geovani Bernardo , Silva Giovani Olegário da , Santos Francisco Herbeth Costa dos , Vendrame Larissa Pereira de Castro
Published: May 2020

The understanding of the adaptation of sweet potato genotypesto environmentsand the efficiency of its production process in diversegrowingsystems are essential for best performance genotypes to be known. Thus, the aim of this study wasto evaluate sweet potato genotypesforroot production and quality attributes in two cropping seasons in Brasília-DF, Brazil. Nine genotypesn wereevaluated: BRS Amélia, Beauregard, Brazlândia Branca, Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, BRS Cuia, Princesa,BRS Rubissoland a local controlwere grownin a complete randomized blocksdesign with four replications.Characteristics related to root yield, quality and pest( insects) damagewere evaluated. The genotypeBrazlândia Rosada stands out in relation to root yield (66.03 tha-1and 31.58 t ha-1for first and second experiments, respectively) and also presented a good rootshape index(2.00). There is no great genetic variability among genotypesfor insect damage index, with genotypesBRS Amelia and BRS Cuiapreseting less desirable shapecharacteristics.No genetic variability was found among genotypesfor insect damage. GenotypesBRS Amélia and BRS Cuia presented the least desired root shapeindex.Under the conditions of this study regarding the characters evaluated, genotype Brazlândia Rosada presented superior results in terms of roots production and shape index.
Atributos do solo em sistemas diferenciados de uso e manejo do solo em Mato Grosso, MT, Brasil
Authors: Stieven Ana  Carla , Mendes Willian  Mesquita , Wruck Flavio , Couto Eduardo  Guimarães , Campos Daniela  Tiago  da Silva
Published: May 2020

Different land use systems have been proposed and implemented in the central-west region of Brazil. These new techniques guarantee the recovery of degraded areas and the potentialization use them, and for this reason they have become increasingly frequent, which requires technical knowledge to confirm their viability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical and microbiological attributes an area on Red-Yellow Dystrophic Latosol with three crop-livestock-forest integration systems and to compare them with apasture and native forest area, in two evaluation years. The collections were carried out at a technological reference unit of Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, in the north of Mato Grossostate. Soil microbiological analyzes were carried out with fumigation-incubation method for microbial biomass carbon determination and its derivatives; serial dilution and incubation in a selective medium for microorganisms cultivable enumeration; incubation inselective substrate and spectrophotometer reading for enzymatic activities; the chemical-physical characteristics followed conventional methodologies of soil analysis.The results indicate that microbiological activities are altered according to the collection period, where the first year shows the highest results for the variables Soil Respiration (RB), Metabolic Quotient (qMet), Total Bacteria, Total Fungi, Actinomycetes, Cellulolytics, β-glycosidase and Acid Phosphatase.The correlation between all variables, collections and management, identified that the total fungi are responsible for the activity of most enzymes, in addition to being influenced by chemical variables: potential acidity, organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The correlation within each year of evaluation showed the enzymes dynamics with respect to the magnesium attribute. It is concluded that there was a greater variation in relation to the harvesting period than in relation to the management adopted. In addition, the chemical condition has a direct correlation with the presence of total fungi and soil enzyme activity.
Desenvolvimento de amendoim submetido a adubação fosfatada e potássica e diferentes espaçamento entre plantas
Authors: Pinto Leandro  Alves , Pinto Antonio  Alves , Tavares Marcos  Silva , Camara Felipe  Thomaz  da , Silva Luis Fernando Vieira da
Published: May 2020

Theobjective ofthisstudy wasto evaluatethecultivationofpeanutsasafunctionofphosphateandpotassiumfertilizationinsowingandspacingbetweenplants,indrylandanddripirrigationinCariri-CE.A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replications. TheplotsconsistedofthefertilizationdoseswithKandPofsowing(0,50,100and150%oftherecommendeddose)andthesubplotsbytwospacingsbetweenplants(10and20cm).Thevariablesevaluatedwereinitialpopulation,finalpopulation,plantheight,grainmassperplant,numberofpodsperplant,podmassperplant,grainmassperpods,massof1000grainsandmassof100pods,podyield,grainyieldandpercentageofnon-commercialgrains.Theresultsshowedthatthedrysequeiroandirrigationsysteminfluencedtheproductionofpeanutsandfertilization inthenumberofpodsandthemassofpodsperplantweresignificant,obtainingthemaximumpointatdosesof82.58and80.37%,respectively.Thespacingof20cmincreasedgrainyieldbyplantsandthemassof1000grainsby10.77%and14.8%,respectively.
Uso de ferramentas da bioinformática para determinação dos possíveis efeitos do β-caroteno no cultivo in vitro de Phalaenopsis
Authors: Mezzalira Fernanda Kelly , Kuhn Betty Cristiane
Published: May 2020

Ornamental plants show economic interest, among the greatest number of commercializations results from orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis. In vitrocultivation aims to propagate a high number of plants with phytosanitary quality. Bioinformatics, helps in the search for similar genomes of organisms, whose genetic information is stored in database. The objective of the work was to determine the effects of β-carotene on the development of Phalaenopsisgrown in vitro, and to determine the appropriate culture médium for germination and development of Phalaenopsis,analyzing the gene and protein of Daucus carotaβ-carotene. Three treatments for germination of hybrid Phalaenopsisseeds were tested, a Knudson culture médium, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Knudson with a 10% (v/v) incremente of carrot juice. Followed by test for the cultivation of hybrid Phalaenopsisseedlings in four treatments, the Knudson culture médium, MS, Knudson whit increased growth regulators (BAP/ANA) and Knudson médium supplemented with carrot juice 10% (v/v). The results demonstrate that carrot juice is beneficial for the germination and development of orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis.Through bioinformatics analysis using CLUSTAL and BLAST, information was obtained on the Daucus carota β-carotene gene and protein and it was found that a substitute for carrots in the preparation of culture médium is Citrus sinensis. Citrus sinensisis na abundant source of citric acid, whichhelps to reduce oxidation in plants grown in vitro. It is concluded that the médium suitable for the cultivation of Phalaenopsisis the médium supplemented whith carrot juice and that it is possibly the β-carotene presente in the carrot, which is responsible for the benefits in the seedling development.
América Latina en el marco de la reconfiguración hegemónica mundial: el avance estratégico de China en la región en el siglo XXI
Authors: Cabrera García Ada Celsa , Lo Brutto Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un análisis sobre el momento que actualmente vive la región latinoamericana en el contexto de cambio que experimenta, en sus panoramas político y económico, al inscribirse dentro de un dinamismo de crisisglobal. Acudimos a la propuesta de que las crisis recurrentes que en los últimos años ha experimentado la economía mundial expresan la tendencia hacia una reconfiguración en la que pueden ubicarse las tensiones que los Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) enfrentan a la hora de buscar mantenerse como centro hegemónico. En talescenario, es posible observar el cada vez mayor protagonismo que China vaasumiendo en el orden internacional, mismo que se ha traducido en la transformaciónde sus relaciones con América Latina incidiendo, también, en la inserción de laseconomías de la región en los esquemas económicos internacionales.
O regionalismo na América do Sul no início do Século XXI: uma análise de suas inflexões práticas e da produção intelectual brasileira
Authors: Carvalho Patrícia Nasser de , Salles Fernanda Cimini
Published: May 2020

Este artigo identifica os principais fatores que impulsionam as inflexões práticas do regionalismo na América do Sul no início deste século e discute quais são os seus principais desdobramentos e inovações em relação a períodos anteriores. Além disso, busca analisar como essa nova realidade tem afetado a produção intelectual brasileira de Relações Internacionais (RI) sobre essa temática. Como hipóteses, o artigo sustenta que as mudanças observadas no regionalismo na América do Sul decorrem de fatores sistêmicos e internos à região, que não projeta mais o seu desenvolvimento no tradicional modelo europeu de integração regional aprofundada e que há preponderância das análises temáticas que privilegiam questões políticas do regionalismo em detrimento da agenda econômica. Além de ampla revisão do contexto e das principais inflexões práticas sobre o regionalismo sul-americano, a análise da produção intelectual brasileira contou com uma amostra de mais de 60 artigos científicos, que tratam da temática.
Poder e autonomia das organizações internacionais: a OMPI na governança dos direitos de propriedade intelectual
Authors: Menezes Henrique Zeferino de , Falcão Daniela de Santana
Published: May 2020

O artigo analisa o papel da Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual (OMPI) na estruturação do regime internacional de propriedade intelectual, destacando como suas características particulares a confeririam poder e autonomia sobre sua constituency, os países-membros. Tomando com referência a estrutura analítica sugerida por Barnett e Finnemore (1999) sobre autonomia das organizações internacionais, são analisadas as características organizacionais e os mecanismos de governança da OMPI – fundamentalmente o papel da sua Secretaria executiva, a relação com o setor privado e o seu particular mecanismo de financiamento. A leitura desses elementos e das atividades desempenhadas pela OMPI aponta claramente para um nível de poder e autonomia da organização perante os países que a compõem e um distanciamento entre suas ações e seu mandato, o que significaria um tipo de disfuncionalidade. Entretanto, a conclusão que chegamos é que, na realidade, há uma mudança na relação de dependência da OMPI e uma espécie reconfiguração da sua função internacional.
Typology of Russia’s Western borderland regions by level of economic security: risks and threats
Authors: Voloshenko K. Yu. , Voloshenko E. V.
Published: May 2020

Nowadays the development of the methodology for studying economic security of border regions is an emerging scientific issue. It is closely connected with the escalation of geopolitical turbulence. A change in Russia’s foreign policy and foreign economic relations with other countries produces an increase in potential and real threats and risks. The article describes and evaluates types of the regions of Russia’s western borderlands according to their economic security level in order to elucidate their peculiarities and establish a relation to the border factor. The experimental typology of the Russia’s western border regions was elaborated in 2000-2017 on the basis of estimated values of economic security integral indexes using the clustering method. Accelerated positive dynamics of changes in economic security has been found on general indicators related to the state support for regional infrastructure development and improvement of the socio-demographic situation. Such dynamics has not been found in the group of special indicators, which reflects specific features of ensuring economic security and take into account the influence of the border factor. Special attention is devoted to the correspondence of typologies of the border regions in terms of their socio-economic development and economic security.
Estimating agglomeration processes potential in territorial socio-economic systems (Irkutsk urban agglomeration case)
Authors: Rybkin A. V. , Baburin V. L.
Published: May 2020

The article provides an analysis of the agglomeration processes within a large territorial socio- economic system of Eastern Siberia - the Irkutsk urban agglomeration (IGA). Agglomeration processes are considered to be prerequisites of agglomeration effects, which are usually divided into two types: localisation and urbanisation effects. The evaluation of agglomeration effects is based on a regression analysis, where the effect is interpreted as a dependent variable, while agglomeration processes are regarded as the parameters that affect the intensity of agglomeration. They can be measured using a set of indices. The parameters of localisation have been estimated using the Moran index (territorial clusters have been identified), and the parameters of urbanisation effects - using the Shannon index.An assessment of the diversity of economic activity was carried out both for the territorial units composing the IGA, and for its separate sectors of the economy. Since different territorial units have a different composition of industries, the assessment of industry diversity was carried out using the normalised analogue of the Shannon index - the Pielu index. Based on the calculations, it can be concluded that the strongest agglomeration associated with localisation effects will be achieved in the urbanised IGA zone. However, the peripheral zone is to participate in the inter-district exchange of labour and other economic resources. Thus, agglomerationeffectsbecomethenecessaryprerequisitesforthefurtherintensificationofeconomic ties as a result of an increase in the number of new jobs and the diversification of the sectoral structure.
Localization of maritime economic activity in modern Russia: features, structures, effects
Authors: Druzhinin А.G.
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the sea factor and maritime economic activity to influence regional socio-economic development, as the issue is extremely topical for modern Russian socio-economic geography. It is shown that such influence has increased significantly since the middle of the XX century. The special attention is focused on identifying the features and spatial localization factors of maritime economy’s components in the Russian Federation. Such characteristics of the geography of the marine economy inherent in Russia as spatial asymmetry, gravitation to the border territories and water areas of the country, cross-border nature are highlighted. The study identifi the maritime economic specializations of the seaside regions and their carried out the corresponding typology (given the degree of infl of the«marine factor»). The article emphasizes the combination of spatial dispersal of marine activity (in such spheres as port economy, shipbuilding, hydrocarbon production) inherent in modern Russia (and initiated by Eurasian geopolitical and economic changes) with the remaining stable regional asymmetry in the localization and development of fi as well as in the tourism and recreational sphere. The article shows that the positive socio-economic effects of marine industries’ development are most pronounced in the regions and cities that perform the ‘frame’ functions in the system of geo-economic positioning of Russia, as well as in ensuring the ‘presence’ of the country in the World Ocean. These ‘frame’ regions are: St. Petersburg and Leningrad region, Krasnodar region, Primorsky region, Sakhalin region, etc.
Socio-economic differentiation of the regions of Russia’s Western borderland
Authors: Fedorov G. M.
Published: May 2020

Russia’s western borderlands comprise seventeen constituent entities of the Russian Federation, located along its western land and maritime border. Ten of them were border regions before the demise of the USSR; they belonged to the so-called group of «Old borderlands». The remaining seven are part of «the New borderlands». They are located along the land border with Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and Ukraine. In the “Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” all of them are regarded as geostrategic territories, which require special attention to ensure their economic security. The border location affects their socio-economic development, which largely depends on the ratio of the contact and barrier functions of the borders between Russia and its neighbouring countries. Border regions differ significantly in their natural conditions, the level of economic and social development, their sectoral structure, economic growth rates, the quality of life and migration flows. Using a set of indicators, reflecting the above characteristics, five types of regions and four subtypes have been identified. Even though there are some features common for all regions of Russia’s western borderlands, each of them requires a separate approach to the implementation of the federal policy and the justification of its development strategy.
The geography of the “Oil pipeline wars” in the context of Russia’s interaction with the countries of the Baltic region
Authors: Pototskaya T. I.
Published: May 2020

The article analyses oil pipelines, the operation of which intersects the interests of Russia and the Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Poland). By oil pipeline wars we understand the confrontation between the policy of distancing from Russia in oil transportation to Europe and Russia’s policy of creating alternative, more economically effective and safe ways of oil transportation to Europe. Reflecting relations between countries, several groups of oil pipelines have been identified: the main pipelines, alternative ones, and indirectly related to the interests of the Baltic countries. The article describes geographical factors affecting the position of countries in the region analysed: the level of oil supply (Russia), the level of the development of oil refining (Lithuania, Belarus, Poland) and transport and geographical location of the territory. Special attention has been paid to the main instruments used by the countries in this confrontation. The Baltic and the Black Sea strategies of oil export have been analysed from the comparative and geographical points of view. Several important conclusions have been made: there was a redistribution of routes of Russia’s crude oil export to Europe during the post-Soviet period accompanied by an increase in the importance of the marine component (due to the Baltic and the Black Sea ports); there was a weakening of the importance of the Baltic region for Russia’s oil export; and the strengthening of interconnections between Russia’s export oil pipelines. The article stresses the importance of oil pipeline transport for the formation of the barrier function of the state borders of the post-Soviet countries.
What's in a Name? Language Use as a Mirror into Your Teaching Practice
Authors: Dobie Tracy E. , Sherin Miriam Gamoran
Published: May 2020

Language is key to how we understand and describe mathematics teaching and learning. Learning new terms can help us reflect on our practice and grow as teachers, yet may require us to be intentional about where and how we look for opportunities to expand our lexicons.
PD For Your Earbuds: Making a Math Moments That Matter Podcast
Authors: Orr Jon , Pearce Kyle
Published: May 2020

Wondering how to create a classroom culture where students don't want to stop exploring mathematics when the bell rings? We were too and that's why we teammed up to uncover how we can Make Math Moments That Matter for every student in the math classroom with a weekly podcast.
Supporting Probability Understanding through Area Models
Authors: Lovin LouAnn H.
Published: May 2020

Moving beyond memorization of probability rules, the area model can be useful in making some significant ideas in probability more apparent to students. In particular, area models can help students understand when and why they multiply probabilities and when and why they add probabilities.
NCTM Leadership Then and Now
Authors: Wilkerson Trena L.
Published: May 2020

How has NCTM leadership shaped the evolution of teaching and learning mathematics? What are your expectations for NCTM leadership?
Now: We Can Do Hard Things
Authors: Frank Toya Jones
Published: May 2020

This article looks back at NCTM's leadership efforts with respect to equity, access, and empowerment and offers suggestions for moving the work forward.
Konferencen og dens resultat
Authors: Bro Henning
Published: May 2020

Artiklen redegør for baggrunden for og forløbet af den metropolhistoriske konference, der afholdtes på Frederiksberg Rådhus d. 22. august 2019, nedsættelsen af Metropolhistorisk Netværk i den forbindelse og netværkets efterfølgende virke.
Exploring the interactions among SNARC effect, finger counting direction and embodied cognition
Authors: Prete Giulia , Tommasi Luca
Published: May 2020

The Spatial Numerical Association of Response Code (SNARC) is the preferential association between smaller/larger magnitudes and left/right side, respectively. Some evidence suggest a link between SNARC and a left-to-right finger counting habit. We asked 268 participants to show how they use the hands to count from 1 to 10. By means of this ecological task, 80% of the sample use first the right hand (to count from 1 to 5) and the majority of them use a palm-up posture. In Experiment 2 (N = 46) right-starters were asked to categorize 1-to-5 magnitudes as even or odd, using the left and right hand. Stimuli were presented both as Arabic numbers and by means of left and right hand photographs in palm-up and palm-down posture. Results confirmed the expected SNARC effect in the Arabic condition. With hand images we found that right hand responses were better for larger than for smaller magnitudes (SNARC, mainly for left hand palm-up stimuli), showing that the SNARC can be generalized to different codes. Finally, the interactions between magnitudes and left/right hand images in palm-up and palm-down posture suggest that embodied cognition can influence numerical processing.
ICT Literacy and Usage for Quality Education in Public Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogechukwu Okoye, Faith , Peterdamian Okwuogu, Kosy
Published: May 2020

The study investigated the extent of ICT literacy and usage for quality education in tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised 905 lecturers from 5 public tertiary institutions in Anambra State, while 200 lecturers representing 110 females and 90 males (22%) were drawn as the sample size using simple random technique. The instrument for data collection was a 23 item questionnaire validated by three experts, one from Educational Management and Policy Department and one expert from Measurement and Evaluation Unit in Educational Foundations Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded co-efficient value of 0.78. Data obtained were analyzed through mean and t-test statistic at 0.05 level of significance. The findings indicate that lecturers in Anambra State public tertiary institutions have low extent of ICT literacy for they still operate on the emerging stage but their usage of some basic ICT device like phones and browsers was relatively high. Lack of training on ICT, inadequate ICT facilities and government support/provisions militate against ICT literacy and usage by lecturers in tertiary institutions. Gender has no significant effect on the extent of ICT literacy and usage by tertiary institution lecturers for quality education. Based on the findings, the study recommended inter alia that, ICT training and re-training of lecturers should be upheld by the administrators of tertiary institutions while government’s adequate provisions for ICT facilities is an imperative, to enhance lecturers productivity and efficiency.
Enhancement of the Productivity of Soybean in Malawi through Foliar Application of Nutrients
Authors: Phiri Austin T. , Simwaka Pacsu , Kausiwa Daniel
Published: May 2020

In Malawi, inoculating soybean with rhizobia, has been advocated for decades as a way of boosting productivity through enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation. The effectiveness of this strategy however, has been constrained by the low soil fertility status of soils in Malawi, necessitating the use of mineral fertilizer to supply nutrients to the soybean for increased productivity. Alternative strategies like foliar feeding of nutrients to improve grain yields are yet to be widely promoted due to lack of research evidence. Therefore experiments involving the soybean were conducted during the 2016/17 cropping season, laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times, at Bvumbwe, Bembeke and Chitala  in Malawi to evaluate yields response to foliar feeding using a foliar fertilizer (Allwin-legumes). Agronomic data were analyzed in Genstat Discovery Edition 4 and were subjected to analysis of variance at 95% level of confidence. Means were separated using the least significant difference (LSD0.05). Generally, the result indicate that foliar feeding produced significantly higher (p<0.05) grain yields ranging from 33.7-364.7%, above the control across the different agro-ecological zones. The result underscores the importance of judicious and methodical application of nutrients to soybean under the changing climate and conditions of low soil fertility. In general, foliar feeding using Allwin fertilizer particularly when conducted twice can increase significantly soybean productivity in Malawi. The grain yields increase is attributable to the enhanced crop growth and development through foliar supply of nutrients.
Genetic Divergence Analysis of Rice Genotypes under Salt Stress Environment
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Dwivedi D. K. , Bharti Pradeep K. , . Shivani , Kumari Preeti , Devi Archana , Khan N. A.
Published: May 2020

The present investigations were conducted in randomized block design with three replications within the net house of the department of PMB&GE, A. N.D.U.A.T, Kumar Ganj, Ayodhya to estimate the genetic divergence under normal and salt stress conditions involving 20 rice genotypes during Kharif 2018-19, on the basis of relative parameters of D2 values, the clustering pattern of 20 rice genotypes under normal and salt stress conditions were grouped into five non-overlapped clusters. Under normal condition, Cluster III having highest 7 rice genotypes, Cluster II having 5 genotypes, cluster V having 4 genotypes and IV having highest 3 rice genotype. Cluster I having only one genotype. Under saline condition, Cluster I having highest rice 6 genotypes, cluster III having 5 genotypes and cluster II & IV having 4 genotypes respectively. Cluster V having only one genotype. It means the genetic similarity was found in the genotypes were expressed within the cluster and the pattern of distribution of genotypes in various clusters exhibited that topographical diversity wasn't associated with ancestral diversity as genotypes of same countryside were grouped into different cluster and vice-versa. The highest inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster 2 and cluster 5 (26108.030) followed by between cluster 1 and cluster 5 (18550.010), cluster 3 and cluster 5 (15231.860), cluster 4 and cluster 5 (5335.860) in normal condition and in saline condition the maximum inter cluster distance was existed between cluster 4 and cluster 5 (2344.091) followed by between cluster 3 and cluster 5 (2067.610), cluster 2 and cluster 5 (1447.564), cluster 1 and cluster 5 (1238.095). The results showed extensive variation from one cluster to other in respect of cluster means for all parameters, which represented that genotypes having distinctly different mean performance for various characters were reported into different clusters.Rice
2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout
Authors: FitzGerald John D. , Dalbeth Nicola , Mikuls Ted , Brignardello‐Petersen Romina , Guyatt Gordon , Abeles Aryeh M. , Gelber Allan C. , Harrold Leslie R. , Khanna Dinesh , King Charles , Levy Gerald , Libbey Caryn , Mount David , Pillinger Michael H. , Rosenthal Ann , Singh Jasvinder A. , Sims James Edward , Smith Benjamin J. , Wenger Neil S. , Bae Sangmee Sharon , Danve Abhijeet , Khanna Puja P. , Kim Seoyoung C. , Lenert Aleksander , Poon Samuel , Qasim Anila , Sehra Shiv T. , Sharma Tarun Sudhir Kumar , Toprover Michael , Turgunbaev Marat , Zeng Linan , Zhang Mary Ann , Turner Amy S. , Neogi Tuhina
Published: May 2020

Objective

To provide guidance for the management of gout, including indications for and optimal use of urate‐lowering therapy (ULT), treatment of gout flares, and lifestyle and other medication recommendations.

Methods

Fifty‐seven population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes questions were developed, followed by a systematic literature review, including network meta‐analyses with ratings of the available evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, and patient input. A group consensus process was used to compose the final recommendations and grade their strength as strong or conditional.

Results

Forty‐two recommendations (including 16 strong recommendations) were generated. Strong recommendations included initiation of ULT for all patients with tophaceous gout, radiographic damage due to gout, or frequent gout flares; allopurinol as the preferred first‐line ULT, including for those with moderate‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease (CKD; stage >3); using a low starting dose of allopurinol (≤100 mg/day, and lower in CKD) or febuxostat (<40 mg/day); and a treat‐to‐target management strategy with ULT dose titration guided by serial serum urate (SU) measurements, with an SU target of <6 mg/dl. When initiating ULT, concomitant antiinflammatory prophylaxis therapy for a duration of at least 3–6 months was strongly recommended. For management of gout flares, colchicine, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or glucocorticoids (oral, intraarticular, or intramuscular) were strongly recommended.

Conclusion

Using GRADE methodology and informed by a consensus process based on evidence from the current literature and patient preferences, this guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making decisions on the management of gout.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Interconnected Bimetallic Metaphosphate Nanoarrays for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Yuzhi , Wang Zheng , Hu Jing , Li Siwei , Du Yunchen , Han Xijiang , Xu Ping
Published: May 2020

The development of low‐cost, high‐performance, and stable electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting is essential for renewable and clean energy technologies. Herein, the interconnected nanoarrays consisting of Co–Ni bimetallic metaphosphate nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix (Co2−xNixP4O12‐C) are fabricated through a mild phosphorylating process of cobalt–nickel zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (CoNi‐ZIF). Density functional theory calculations reveal moderate adsorption of oxygenated intermediates on the doping Ni site, and current density simulations imply homogeneous and higher current density due to the morphology integrity of the interconnected metaphosphate nanoarrays. As a consequence, the optimized Co1.6Ni0.4P4O12‐C affords a superior OER activity (η = 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and long‐term stability in alkaline media (1 m KOH) that are comparable to most reported catalysts. The strategy for balancing the doping effect and morphology effect provides a new perspective when designing and developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
A Chemically Stable Hofmann‐Type Metal−Organic Framework with Sandwich‐Like Binding Sites for Benchmark Acetylene Capture
Authors: Pei Jiyan , Shao Kai , Wang Jia‐Xin , Wen Hui‐Min , Yang Yu , Cui Yuanjing , Krishna Rajamani , Li Bin , Qian Guodong
Published: May 2020

The realization of porous materials for highly selective separation of acetylene (C2H2) from various other gases (e.g., carbon dioxide and ethylene) by adsorption is of prime importance but challenging in the petrochemical industry. Herein, a chemically stable Hofmann‐type metal−organic framework (MOF), Co(pyz)[Ni(CN)4] (termed as ZJU‐74a), that features sandwich‐like binding sites for benchmark C2H2 capture and separation is reported. Gas sorption isotherms reveal that ZJU‐74a exhibits by far the record C2H2 capture capacity (49 cm3 g−1 at 0.01 bar and 296 K) and thus ultrahigh selectivity for C2H2/CO2 (36.5), C2H2/C2H4 (24.2), and C2H2/CH4 (1312.9) separation at ambient conditions, respectively, of which the C2H2/CO2 selectivity is the highest among all the robust MOFs reported so far. Theoretical calculations indicate that the oppositely adjacent nickel(II) centers together with cyanide groups from different layers in ZJU‐74a can construct a sandwich‐type adsorption site to offer dually strong and cooperative interactions for the C2H2 molecule, thus leading to its ultrahigh C2H2 capture capacity and selectivities. The exceptional separation performance of ZJU‐74a is confirmed by both simulated and experimental breakthrough curves for 50/50 (v/v) C2H2/CO2, 1/99 C2H2/C2H4, and 50/50 C2H2/CH4 mixtures under ambient conditions.
Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using Robust Noble‐Metal‐Free Zn0.5Cd0.5S@Graphene Composites Decorated with MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Madhusudan Puttaswamy , Shi Run , Chandrashekar Bananakere Nanjegowda , Xiang Shengling , Smitha Ankanahalli Shankaregowda , Wang Weijun , Zhang Haichao , Zhang Xian , Amini Abbas , Cheng Chun
Published: May 2020

Solar water splitting using semiconductor photocatalysts is considered to be one of the economical and significant techniques for hydrogen evolution. In this study, graphene–ZnxCd1−xS (ZCS) heterojunction is fabricated by hydrothermal method followed by simple photodeposition of ultrathin few layers of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanosheets. The results show that compared with pristine ZCS and 1 wt% graphene mixed ZCS photocatalysts, the 1 wt% graphene and 1 wt% MoS2 photodeposited ZCS composited sample shows 39.5 mmol h−1 g−1 hydrogen production activity, which is 6.9 and 1.9 times significantly higher, respectively, with an apparent quantum yield of 53% at 420 nm visible light is recorded. The improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the formation of heterostructure interface between p‐type MoS2 nanosheets with n‐type ZCS host, which allows for the faster transfer of the photogenerated electrons and thus significantly promotes the separation of photogenerated charge carriers.
Advancing Flexible Thermoelectric Devices with Polymer Composites
Authors: Liu Zhuoxin , Chen Guangming
Published: May 2020

The booming of flexible electronics calls for consistent and reliable power supply. Compared to conventional energy storage systems which require frequent recharge, replacement, and maintenance, thermoelectric (TE) devices that directly convert heat into electricity exhibit desirable features including no noise, no vibration, no gas emission, and long lifetime, thus favoring the miniaturization and integrity of current flexible electronics. TE polymer composites are especially attractive as they combine the merits of both polymers and filler materials, which results in high TE performance as well as superior flexibility, thereby demonstrating high potential for flexible TE devices. Herein, some fundamental basics regarding polymer composites are presented and then recent progresses of various polymer composites based on the category of filler materials are summarized so that research efforts and results can be better comprehended. Subsequently, effective strategies to further strengthen the TE performance of polymer composites are emphasized. The following section introduces recent design prototypes of flexible TE devices based on polymer composites with rational discussion on the characteristics of each design. Finally, the remaining challenges with future research perspectives are proposed in conclusion.
Bio‐Based Antimicrobial Ionic Materials Fully Composed of Natural Products for Elevated Air Purification
Authors: Wang You , Yuan Wen‐Li , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Guo‐Hao , Wang Shuang‐Long , He Ling , Tao Guo‐Hong
Published: May 2020

Air pollution, including particulate matter (PM) and microorganism aerosol, is a severe problem due to its high pathogenicity. In this study, bio‐based ionic polymers derived from alginate are prepared and employed as antimicrobial filter materials. Among them, fully bio‐based cholinium alginate material exhibits the optimal antimicrobial activity and PM removal performance (99.69% for PM2.5 removal efficiency, 99.89% for PM10 removal efficiency, pressure drop below 2 Pa, and 2.8882 for quality factor (QF)). The antimicrobial activity of cholinium alginate is dramatically promoted compared with that of the raw material sodium alginate. Density function theory (DFT) studies further confirm that cholinium can electrostatically bind with anionic components on Gram‐negative bacterial cell membranes to enable sterilization. Moreover, the performance of cholinium alginate material under practical condition outperforms commercial masks. This work will provide an effective approach to develop promising green antimicrobial materials for environmental decontamination.
High‐Performance Aluminum Ion Battery Using Cost‐Effective AlCl3‐Trimethylamine Hydrochloride Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Ng Kok Long , Dong Tony , Anawati John , Azimi Gisele
Published: May 2020

The critical need for cost‐effective and sustainable large‐scale battery technologies for harvesting renewable energy has led to a new research wave on novel batteries made of low‐cost, high‐abundance, high‐performance, and safe components. Among the emerging candidates for post‐lithium‐ion batteries, aluminum‐based batteries are particularly promising due to the high theoretical capacities, low cost, and high abundance of raw materials. Most advanced nonaqueous rechargeable Al batteries rely on costly dialkylimidazolium chloride‐based chloroaluminate ionic liquids and this added cost inevitably diminishes various benefits of utilizing Al as the anode material. Here, a high‐performance Al battery made of Al anode, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) cathode, and a cost‐effective AlCl3‐trimethylamine hydrochloride (AlCl3‐TMAHCl) ionic liquid electrolyte is reported. The battery delivers a high specific capacity of 134 mAh g−1at 2000 mA g−1while maintaining Coulombic efficiency (CE) above 98% over 3000 cycles. Moreover, it delivers a specific capacity of 83 mAh g−1with a CE of 97% under ultrafast charging at 4000 mA g−1(1 min) and slow discharging at 100 mA g−1(50 min) conditions. Considering the low cost and high performance, AlCl3‐TMAHCl electrolyte opens up a new avenue for the development of next‐generation Al batteries.
Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol
Authors: Ballerini Andrea , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Rhudy Jessica , Susnjar Antonia , Di Trani Nicola , Jain Priya R. , Laue Grit , Lubicka Danuta , Shirazi‐Fard Yasaman , Ferrari Mauro , Stodieck Louis S. , Cadena Samuel M. , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: May 2020

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a critical health problem that affects quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. At present, exercise training remains the only intervention and pharmaceutical treatments remain elusive. Formoterol (FMT), a β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist, has emerged as a potential therapeutic by triggering skeletal muscle anabolism with daily dosing. Here, the efficacy of sustained FMT release is investigated via a subcutaneously implanted nanofluidic delivery system (nF) to prevent muscle wasting. Pharmacokinetics of nF‐mediated sustained FMT delivery (nF‐FMT) in healthy mice is assessed for 56 days, which demonstrates an anabolic effect on skeletal muscles. Using a hind limb suspension unloading mouse model, it is shown that nF‐FMT treatment attenuates soleus mass loss in comparison to control mice. Further, the very first study of an implantable drug delivery device in microgravity in vivo is launched. The microgravity environment aboard the International Space Station is leveraged to assess the atrophy prevention capability of nF‐FMT in mice for 29 and 55 days. Muscle hypertrophy is observed in both ground control and spaceflight mice treated with nF‐FMT compared to their respective vehicle controls. Overall, the nF system is presented as a viable platform for sustained delivery of FMT for therapeutic intervention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Subtotal stomach in esophageal reconstruction surgery achieves an anastomotic leakage rate of less than 1%
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Imai Takeharu , Sato Yuta , Hatanaka Yuji , Suetsugu Tomonari , Okumura Naoki , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Takahashi Takao , Yamaguchi Kazuya
Published: May 2020

Aim

The objective of this retrospective, single‐institution study was to assess the safety and feasibility of reconstruction using subtotal stomach (SS) with esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer (EC). Although several different gastric‐tube‐making and anastomotic methods have been reported, the incidence rate of anastomotic leakage with EC surgery is generally reported over 10%. Complications should be avoided, and patient quality of life (QOL) should be maintained postoperatively. We have used SS reconstruction and hand‐sutured cervical esophagus‐subtotal gastric anastomosis at the neck wound in EC surgery. Short‐ and long‐term outcomes in cases using SS are not well known.

Methods

Between January 2008 and September 2019, 300 patients underwent esophagectomy for EC and reconstruction using SS. The primary endpoint was the rate of anastomotic leakage. Secondary endpoints were postoperative morbidities, QOL, and changes in patients’ body weight and skeletal muscle weight.

Results

Anastomotic leakage was observed in two patients (0.67%), and pneumonia was observed in nine patients (3.0%). Fifteen patients (5.0%) had an anastomotic stenosis requiring a bougie. Nausea occurred in 11 patients (3.7%), and dumping syndrome occurred in seven patients (2.3%). Dysphagia and early feeling of abdominal fullness scores tended to be high after surgery but gradually decreased after 6 months. Good results were obtained for reflux feeling scores. Body weight changed with an average decrease of −2 ± 3.71 kg (P = .071) over 5 years.

Conclusion

Reconstruction using SS resulted in an extremely low rate of anastomotic leakage and good QOL postoperatively in patients with EC.
Fragmentation of Magic‐Size Cluster Precursor Compounds into Ultrasmall CdS Quantum Dots with Enhanced Particle Yield at Low Temperatures
Authors: Li Lijia , Zhang Jing , Zhang Meng , Rowell Nelson , Zhang Chunchun , Wang Shanling , Lu Jiao , Fan Hongsong , Huang Wen , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Kui
Published: May 2020

Colloidal small‐size CdS quantum dots (QDs) are produced usually with low particle yield, together with side products such as the particular precursor compounds (PCs) of magic‐size clusters (MSC). Here, we report our synthesis of small‐size CdS QDs without the coexistence of the PC and thus with enhanced particle yield. For a conventional reaction of cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2) and sulfur (S) in 1‐octadecene (ODE), we show that after the formation of the PC in the pre‐nucleation stage, the addition of tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) facilitates the production of small‐size QDs. We demonstrate that TOPO fragmentizes the PC that have formed, which enables the nucleation and growth of small‐size QDs even at room temperature. Our findings introduce a new approach to making small‐size QDs without the coexistence of the PC and with improved particle yield. Providing experimental evidence for the two‐pathway model proposed for the pre‐nucleation stage of colloidal binary QDs, the present study aids in the advance of non‐classical nucleation theory.