bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O DIREITO INTERNACIONAL E AS ABORDAGENS DO “TERCEIRO MUNDO”: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA CRÍTICA DO DIREITO
Authors: Dal Ri Júnior Arno , Biazi Chiara Antonia Sofia Mafrica , Zimmermann Taciano Scheidt
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo tenciona estimular uma reflexão crítica sobre conceitos centrais do direito internacional, ao jogar luz sobre certas continuidades históricas colonializantes que permanecem subjacentes na construção da disciplina. Valendo-se da teoria crítica, propõe um questionamento de premissas não declaradas que sustentam o sistema jurídico internacional, aqui compreendido a partir do ponto de vista do movimento político do “Terceiro Mundo”. A teoria crítica geralmente percebe o direito internacional como expressão das contradições da política internacional e, em seu prognóstico, funda-se na subversão material de um sistema: um movimento que se inicie a partir das contradições da realidade política. Essa pesquisa delineia algumas das contribuições desse sistema de pensamento para a construção do direito internacional, especialmente no que diz respeito à inclusão de sujeitos historicamente excluídos na participação nos processos decisórios internacionais, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de um outro framework de relações e interações entre todos os sujeitos que fazem parte da comunidade internacional.
EL PROCESO DE PAZ EN COLOMBIA Y LAS NUEVAS ALTERNATIVAS PENALES
Authors: Tavares Gustavo Nascimento , Zuluaga Jhon Wilmar Montoya , Coelho Edihermes Marques
Published: June 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito presentar un estudio breve sobre los tipos de penas por conductas ilegales que presenta el acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las FARC-EP (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo), para con ello dar evidencia de la posibilidad existente de desarrollar todo un modelo de sanción penal diferente a la institución de la cárcel tradicional que en la actualidad se presenta como una institución social en crisis. Para el desarrollo de dicho trabajo se abordará el texto en cinco momentos, siendo el primero una breve contextualización sobre la situación de conflicto armado y político en Colombia, pasando luego al panorama y situación de las cárceles, la argumentación teórica de la cárcel como una institución en crisis, la presentación somera del acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo) en materia de justicia transicional, jurisdicción especial para la paz y las penas establecidas en el mismo para aquellas personas que participaron en el conflicto armado colombiano y finalmente las conclusiones del estudio.
Swedish school nurses’ perspectives on caring for and promoting the health of adolescents with mental health problems – A qualitative study the Health of Adolescents with Mental Health Problems – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hilli Yvonne , Wasshede Kristian
Published: June 2017

Background: Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in mental health problems among adolescents, manifested as physical symptoms, such as stomach pain, headaches, feelings of anxiety, worry, stress and sleeping problems. Surveys among school nurses’ have revealed that mental health work now forms a key part of their role. Although an increasing number of adolescents are suffering from mental health problems in upper-secondary schools (16-19 years), there are few studies focusing on this matter. Therefore we wanted to explore the matter from the school nurses’ point of view. The aim of this study was to explore Swedish school nurses’ experiences of caring for and promoting the health of students suffering from mental health problems.Methods: The present study had a descriptive design and a qualitative approach. A purposeful sample of eight (n = 8) school nurses was interviewed. Their working experience varied between 4 and 29 years. The data were analysed using content analysis. The ethical principles stipulated by the Swedish Research Council were carefully followed throughout the study.Results: Three main themes with sub-themes were found: A caring relationship as the foundation for health promotion, organizing health-promoting work and interprofessional cooperation as a prerequisite for good caring.Conclusions: The findings strengthen the evidence of the importance of the health dialogue as a tool for the school nurses to identify students with mental health problems. Creating a caring relationship with the students is a prerequisite for caring and health promotion. Further education concerning mental health and evidence-based-practice should be arranged on regular basis. More research and cooperation between different stakeholders is needed.
Assessing Daylight Performance of Single vs. Double Skin Façade in Educational Buildings: A Comparative Analysis of Two Case Studies
Authors: Ghonimi Islam
Published: June 2017

The bulk of research on the performance of double skin facade is carried out in moderate climate with concern to ventilation and thermal performance. This research concerns day-light performance of double skin facades in hot arid zones, in Educational Buildings. This investigation adopts an inductive method using comparative analytical approach to convert general intuitions on the daylight performance of a double skin facade, in hot arid areas, into the grounds of understanding its performance based on research.Based on two case studies of lecture halls; the first with Single Skin Façade (SSF) and the second with Double Skin Façade (DSF); the impact of double skin façade on lighting performance is examined. The Protocol was applied to south facing models under overcast sky conditions to test significant effects of double skin façade on illumance values inside the lecture halls. Simulation results indicate that a double skin facade can achieve high lighting performance with better energy savings than a single skin façade; also the basic characteristics of width and distance of two walls are examined. It was expected that DSF fail to meet the acceptable standard indoor illuminance requirement of 200 to 300 lux. Comparing the single and double skin facade, the area percentage of the lecture hall, which covered with acceptable illumination level of 200 to 300 lux, are found in range of 10%, 50% respectively. In addition, the area percentage of the lecture hall, which covered with acceptable illumination level of 100 to 300 lux, is found in range of 30%, 80% respectively.
Challenges Faced by Teachers in Teaching Literacy and Numeracy for Slow Learners
Authors: Mumpuniarti Mumpuniarti
Published: June 2017

The current study explored pedagogical strategies carried out by teachers to support special need children in improving their level of literacy and numeracy. The current study utilized qualitative research design where classroom observations were carried out to explore teaching activities used by teachers in teaching language and mathematics. It was then followed by a focus group discussion to identify problems faced by children in numeracy and literacy. This research was carried out in one of the elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data collected was analyzed manually by focusing on the main aspects. Results demonstrated that 27 activities were frequently used by teachers in teaching language and mathematics. Those activities are the common teaching practice for slow learners. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of those practices, a focus group discussion with a group of students was carried out. Results revealed that most students have problems in literacy (spelling, reading complex words, and write long words) and numeracy (counting, subtraction, multiplication and divide). As the common teaching practice was found to have minimal effect on children’s literacy and numeracy, the current study suggests rethinking of a new pedagogical approach for improving literacy and numeracy for slow learners.
Introduction: Fourth International Symposium on Media Innovations
Authors: Van den Broeck Wendy , Jennes Iris
Published: June 2017

Introduction to this special issue of the Journal of Media Innovations
Substrate transport and anion permeation proceed through distinct pathways in glutamate transporters
Authors: Cheng Mary Hongying , Torres-Salazar Delany , Gonzalez-Suarez Aneysis D , Amara Susan G , Bahar Ivet
Published: June 2017

Advances in structure-function analyses and computational biology have enabled a deeper understanding of how excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) mediate chloride permeation and substrate transport. However, the mechanism of structural coupling between these functions remains to be established. Using a combination of molecular modeling, substituted cysteine accessibility, electrophysiology and glutamate uptake assays, we identified a chloride-channeling conformer, iChS, transiently accessible as EAAT1 reconfigures from substrate/ion-loaded into a substrate-releasing conformer. Opening of the anion permeation path in this iChS is controlled by the elevator-like movement of the substrate-binding core, along with its wall that simultaneously lines the anion permeation path (global); and repacking of a cluster of hydrophobic residues near the extracellular vestibule (local). Moreover, our results demonstrate that stabilization of iChS by chemical modifications favors anion channeling at the expense of substrate transport, suggesting a mutually exclusive regulation mediated by the movement of the flexible wall lining the two regions.
From the Studies of Hydration and Hydrolysis Reactions to the Discovery of a New Organocatalyst and Its Further Applications in Acetalization and Glycosylation
Authors: Yuan Wenjiao , Liu Yali , Li Chunbao
Published: June 2017

Cyanuric chloride activated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was found to catalyze the hydration of glycals and the hydrolysis of enol ethers, esters, oximes, O‐methyl oximes, and hydrazones. Overall, 68 examples of these 6 types of substrates were efficiently transformed into 2‐deoxysugars, phenols, and carbonyl compounds. Methyl methylene sulfonium chloride (a bulky weak Lewis acid) is presumed to be the active catalytic species. This assumption is strongly supported by the fact that the same reactions catalyzed by chloromethyl methyl sulfide/KI gave similar results to those catalyzed by the cyanuric chloride activated DMSO. We further employed the chloromethyl methyl sulfide/KI precatalyst to carbohydrate benzylidenations, decanal acetalizations, and the stereoselective transformations of 2‐deoxy‐2‐iodo‐α‐d‐mannopyranosyl acetate into 2,3‐unsaturated O‐glycosides. Key features of this precatalyst include that it is water tolerant, cost‐effective, and easily removed during workup.
How does the world connect? Exploring the global diffusion of social network sites
Authors: Larosiliere Gregory D. , Carter Lemuria D. , Meske Christian
Published: June 2017

This study explores the main determinants of social network adoption at the country level. We use the technology‐organization‐environment (TOE) framework to investigate factors influencing social network adoption. The authors use cross‐sectional data from 130 countries. The results indicate that social network adoption, at the country level, is positively influenced by the technological maturity, public readiness, and information and communication technology law sophistication. Technological, organizational, and environmental factors altogether accounted for 67% of variance in social network adoption. These findings provide a first insight into the usage of social network sites at the country level, as well as the main factors that influence public adoption. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Zum Einfluss der Nachhall‐ und Störgeräusch‐Charakteristik auf die Sprachverständlichkeit in Unterrichtsräumen
Authors: Fuchs Helmut V. , Zha Xueqin
Published: June 2017

Tiefenbetonte Nachhallzeiten und Störgeräusche führen zu unproduktivem Konzentrationsaufwand, anstrengender Sprachanhebung und so zu den Lernerfolg sowie die Gesundheit gefährdendem Lärm in Unterrichtsräumen. Mit einer breiten Palette raumakustischer Maßnahmen kann man diesem vielerorts anzutreffenden Missstand erfolgreich begegnen. Diese kommen aber oft nicht zielgenau zum Einsatz, weil die Wurzeln des Übels vielfach nicht richtig erkannt werden. Umfangreiche psychoakustische Untersuchungen mit Testpersonen im Alter zwischen 7 und 21 Jahren zeigen mit leicht nachvollziehbaren quantitativen Ergebnissen, wie stark sich tatsächlich z. B. ein Anstieg der Nachhall‐ und der Geräusch‐Spektren zu den tiefen Frequenzen hin auf die Sprachverständlichkeit auswirkt. Auch der Einfluss von Lärm ganz unterschiedlicher Quellen und Zeitverläufe wird analysiert. Wie zu erwarten, stellt die von den Nutzern selbst erzeugte Kommunikation bei schlechter akustischer Raumgestaltung die wesentlichste Störung dar. Die neuen Fakten werfen ein kritisches Schlaglicht auf die DIN 18041:2016.
User Authorization at the Molecular Scale
Authors: Lustgarten Omer , Motiei Leila , Margulies David
Published: June 2017

Electronic user authorization systems help us maintain our privacy in many aspects of everyday life. However, the increasing difficulty to secure access and/or information digitally has inspired chemists to devise alternative, molecular approaches, in which users are identified by chemical means. The potential advantages of using molecular user authentication systems over conventional electronic devices are their versatility and unusual operating principles, which complicate replicating and, consequently, breaking into molecular security devices. Their molecular scale is another unique property that enables hiding such systems and, consequently, applying steganography as an additional layer of protection. Although the area of molecular‐based user authorization is still in its infancy, the development of various molecular keypad locks and, more recently, a password‐protected molecular cryptographic machine, indicate the possibility of protecting information at the molecular scale.
Coordination Behavior of N,N′‐Bis(diisopropylphosphinoacetyl)‐o‐phenylenediamide with NiII and CuI Ions
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Matsumoto Takeshi , Wakizaka Masanori , Chang Ho‐Chol
Published: June 2017

The reaction of N,N′‐bis(diisopropylphosphoniumacetyl)‐o‐phenylenediamide dibromide (H4L·2Br) with NiII[ClO4]·6H2O in the presence of Et3N resulted in the formation of N,N′‐bis(diisopropylphosphinoacetyl)‐o‐phenylenediamidate nickel(II) ([NiII(L)]). The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of [NiII(L)] revealed that each pair of N and P atoms in L2– coordinates in a tetradentate fashion to afford a distorted square‐planar NiII amide complex. On the other hand, N,N′‐bis(diisopropylphosphinoacetyl)‐o‐phenylenediamide copper(I) bromide ([CuI(H2L)Br]) was isolated by the reaction of H4L·2Br with [CuI(MeCN)4][PF6] in the presence of Et3N. The structural analysis revealed that the two P atoms in H2L coordinate in a bidentate fashion to afford a trigonal‐planar CuI complex, in which the amide moieties remain in free form. Complex [NiII(L)] showed reversible deprotonation processes on the amidate ligand (L2–), whereas the protonated state of the N atoms of the amide ligand (H2L) in [CuI(H2L)Br] was maintained, even in the presence of excess Et3N, suggesting substantial stability for the protonated state.
An appealing prospect? A survey into the numbers, outcomes, and editorial policies for appeals of rejected biomedical manuscripts
Authors: Dambha‐Miller Hajira , Jones Roger
Published: June 2017

The opportunity for authors to appeal against rejected manuscripts provides an important step in ensuring that high‐quality and credible science is not incorrectly rejected from publication in the highest impact factor journals. However, little is known about editorial processes related to appeals and their outcomes. Our research investigated the number of appeals against rejected manuscripts, their success rates, and the current editorial processes for managing appeals amongst biomedical journals. We sent out an e‐mail survey to a sample of 20 editorial teams worldwide, between January and August 2016. A descriptive summary of e‐mail responses from editorial teams was collated. We found considerable variations in appeal processes amongst journals, with little evidence of any detailed, reproducible, or established appeal policies in operation. Journals disclosed limited information on the number of appeals received and their success rates. The credibility of an appeal process relies on robust, reproducible, and evidence‐based policies, which do not seem to be currently established amongst biomedical journals. Further empirical evidence is needed to ascertain how variations in the appeal process may relate to successful publication.
H‐bonding Assisted Self‐Assembled One‐Dimensional Nanotubes of Redox Active Triphenylamine‐Benzothiadiazole Derivative
Authors: Mrinalini Madoori , Krishna Narra Vamsi , Suman Krishna Jonnadula Venkata , Ramya A. R. , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: June 2017

Control over the one‐dimensional (1D) nanotubular structures significant in organic electronics. Although, p‐ and n‐type derivatives have shown diverse nanostructures, however very few ambipolar derivatives reported until now because of constrained structural properties. By considering this issue, three triphenylamine‐benzothiadiazole based ambipolar derivatives (TBE, TBAc and TBAm) synthesized and TBAm forms 1D nanotubes exclusively. DFT and spectroelectrochemical studies displayed the formation of stable cation and anion radicals of TBAm under controlled potential of 1.30 V. UV‐vis, emission (steady‐state and TCSPC) and microscopic analyses revealed TBAm exists as J‐aggregates and further leads to nanotubes by utilizing directional amide H‐bonding, together with π‐π stacking and van der Waals interactions. Consequently, these properties aid to design novel materials, which pave the way towards efficient organic field effect transistors.
Society for the Advancement of Disaster Nursing: Exploring the Path to Excellence
Authors: Lavin Roberta Proffitt , Adelman Deborah S. , Veenema Tener Goodwin
Published: June 2017

Objective

Major disasters occurring within the Unites States require nursing participation as a component of a successful response. Disaster nursing includes the care of populations affected by disasters, public health emergencies, and mass casualty events, both natural and man-made. A unique knowledge base, abilities, and skills are needed to respond appropriately to health care and human service needs resulting from these events.

Methods

Despite prior efforts to advance disaster nursing as a specialty, none were sustainable and a professional framework for establishing standards and guidelines remains lacking.

Results

Disaster nursing is a complex arena where the intersection of competence, scope of practice, regulation, and clinical guidelines continues to evolve. Professional credibility and our contribution to disaster response lie in our ability to articulate and advance professionalism. Disaster nursing as a specialty practice requires a similar foundational framework to nursing specialties recognized by the American Nurses Association within a model of professional practice in order to ensure population outcomes that are reflective of safe, quality, evidence-based practice.

Conclusions

It is time to define a disaster nursing scope of practice, establish standards for care, identify best practices, and pursue the establishment of an independent professional organization within the field of disaster nursing. This will establish the necessary foundation for optimizing nursing’s contribution to and support of the National Health Security Strategy. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:641–646)
Direct numerical simulation of the oscillatory flow around a sphere resting on a rough bottom
Authors: Mazzuoli Marco , Blondeaux Paolo , Simeonov Julian , Calantoni Joseph
Published: June 2017

The oscillatory flow around a spherical object lying on a rough bottom is investigated by means of direct numerical simulations of the continuity and Navier–Stokes equations. The rough bottom is simulated by a layer/multiple layers of spherical particles, the size of which is much smaller that the size of the object. The period and amplitude of the velocity oscillations of the free stream are chosen to mimic the flow at the bottom of sea waves and the size of the small spherical particles falls in the range of coarse sand/very fine gravel. Even though the computational costs allow only the simulation of moderate values of the Reynolds number characterizing the bottom boundary layer, the results show that the coherent vortex structures, shed by the spherical object, can break up and generate turbulence, if the Reynolds number of the object is sufficiently large. The knowledge of the velocity field allows the dynamics of the large-scale coherent vortices shed by the object to be determined and turbulence characteristics to be evaluated. Moreover, the forces and torques acting on both the large spherical object and the small particles, simulating sediment grains, can be determined and analysed, thus laying the groundwork for the investigation of sediment dynamics and scour developments.
Transitions to different kinds of turbulence in a channel with soft walls
Authors: Srinivas S. S. , Kumaran V.
Published: June 2017

The flow in a rectangular channel with walls made of polyacrylamide gel is experimentally studied to examine the effect of soft walls on transition and turbulence. The bottom wall is fixed to a substrate and the top wall is unrestrained. As the Reynolds number increases, two different flow regimes are observed. The first is the ‘soft-wall turbulence’ (Srinivas & Kumaran,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 780, 2015, pp. 649–686). There is a large increase in the magnitudes of the velocity fluctuations after transition and the fluid velocity fluctuations appear to be non-zero at the soft walls, although higher resolution measurements are required to establish the nature of the boundary dynamics. The fluid velocity fluctuations are symmetric about the centreline of the channel, and they show relatively little downstream variation. The wall displacement measurements indicate that there is no observable motion perpendicular to the surface to within the experimental resolution, but displacement fluctuations parallel to the surface are observed after transition. As the Reynolds number is further increased, there is a second ‘wall-flutter’ transition, which involves visible downstream travelling waves in the top (unrestrained) wall alone. Wall displacement fluctuations of frequency less than approximately$500~\text{rad}~\text{s}^{-1}$are observed both parallel and perpendicular to the wall. The mean velocity profiles and turbulence intensities are asymmetric, with much larger turbulence intensities near the top wall. The transitions are observed in sequence from a laminar flow at Reynolds number less than 1000 for a channel of height 0.6 mm and from a turbulent flow at a Reynolds number greater than 1000 for a channel of height 1.8 mm.
Regularized string model for nanofibre formation in centrifugal spinning methods
Authors: Noroozi S. , Alamdari H. , Arne W. , Larson R. G. , Taghavi S. M.
Published: June 2017

We develop a general regularized thin-fibre (string) model to predict the properties of non-Newtonian fluid fibres generated by centrifugal spinning. In this process the fibre emerges from a nozzle of a spinneret that rotates rapidly around its axis of symmetry, in the presence of centrifugal, Coriolis, inertial, viscous/shear-thinning, surface tension and gravitational forces. We analyse the effects of five important dimensionless groups, namely, the Rossby number ($Rb$), the Reynolds number ($Re$), the Weber number ($We$), the Froude number ($Fr$) and a power-law index ($m$), on the steady state trajectory and thinning of fibre radius. In particular, we find that the gravitational force mainly affects the fibre vertical angle at small arc lengths as well as the fibre trajectory. We show that for small $Rb$, which is the regime of nanofibre formation in centrifugal spinning methods, rapid thinning of the fibre radius occurs over small arc lengths, which becomes more pronounced as $Re$ increases or $m$ decreases. At larger arc lengths, a relatively large $We$ results in a spiral trajectory regime, where the fibre eventually recovers a corresponding inviscid limit with a slow thinning of the fibre radius as a function of the arc length. Viscous forces do not prevent the fibre from approaching the inviscid limit, but very strong surface tension forces may do so as they could even result in a circular trajectory with an almost constant fibre radius. We divide the spiral and circular trajectories into zones of no thinning, intense thinning and slow or ceased thinning, and for each zone we provide simple expressions for the fibre radius as a function of the arc length.
Pulsating turbulence in a marginally unstable stratified shear flow
Authors: Smyth W. D. , Pham H. T. , Moum J. N. , Sarkar S.
Published: June 2017

We describe a simple model for turbulence in a marginally unstable, forced, stratified shear flow. The model illustrates the essential physics of marginally unstable turbulence, in particular the tendency of the mean flow to fluctuate about the marginally unstable state. Fluctuations are modelled as an oscillatory interaction between the mean shear and the turbulence. The interaction is made quantitative using empirically established properties of stratified turbulence. The model also suggests a practical way to estimate both the mean kinetic energy of the turbulence and its viscous dissipation rate. Solutions compare favourably with observations of fluctuating ‘deep cycle’ turbulence in the equatorial oceans.
The Annexation of Crimea and International Law: Review of Thomas D Grant's Aggression Against Ukraine: Territory, Responsibility and International Law
Authors: Cwicinskaja Natalia
Published: June 2017

Thomas D Grant's Aggression Against Ukraine: Territory, Responsibility and International Law (Palgrave Macmillan 2015) is the first book which offers a careful, meticulous examination of all aspects of Russia's involvement in Crimea in 2014 in terms of international law, as well as of both Russian and Ukrainian municipal legal orders. It covers probably the widest possible spectrum of legal issues connected with Russia's involvement in Crimea and provides a comprehensive, analytical overview of relevant modern rules of international law in the field of territorial integrity, self-determination and use of force.
Characteristics of Chinese Costal Cartilage and Costa Calcification Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Zhang Shanyong , Zhen Jinze , Li Huiping , Sun Shoufu , Wu Huawei , Shen Pei , Chen Zengai , Yang Chi
Published: June 2017

To assess characteristics of Chinese costal cartilage and costa calcification using Dual-Energy computed tomography(DECT). 154 patients who underwent chest DECT scanning were included in our study. They were divided into following groups: less than 30 years old, 31–40 years old, 41–50 years old, 51–60 years old and over 60 years old. The sixth, seventh and eighth costal cartilages and costas were evaluated. Calcification patterns of cartilage were classified as central(C), peripheral(P), mixed(M) and no calcification(N) types. Calcification degree of cartilage was distinguished as 1(0–25%), 2(26–50%) and 3(>50%). CT value, calcium and water concentrations were measured in costal cartilage, cortical or cancellous bone respectively. An increasing C pattern of cartilage was displayed in females, while P type preferred in males as age increased. Calcification degree generally changed from 1 to 2 or 3 in females. CT value and calcium concentration of cartilage went through a gradual rising course and peaked in their 40–50 years, while those two indices of cancellous bone decreased gradually since their 50 years in females. The findings suggest a gradual calcification of the costal cartilage took place before 40–50 years old and a sharp bone loss of the costa happened after 40–50 years old in females.
High-precision spatial localization of mouse vocalizations during social interaction
Authors: Heckman Jesse J. , Proville Rémi , Heckman Gert J. , Azarfar Alireza , Celikel Tansu , Englitz Bernhard
Published: June 2017

Mice display a wide repertoire of vocalizations that varies with age, sex, and context. Especially during courtship, mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of high complexity, whose detailed structure is poorly understood. As animals of both sexes vocalize, the study of social vocalizations requires attributing single USVs to individuals. The state-of-the-art in sound localization for USVs allows spatial localization at centimeter resolution, however, animals interact at closer ranges, involving tactile, snout-snout exploration. Hence, improved algorithms are required to reliably assign USVs. We develop multiple solutions to USV localization, and derive an analytical solution for arbitrary vertical microphone positions. The algorithms are compared on wideband acoustic noise and single mouse vocalizations, and applied to social interactions with optically tracked mouse positions. A novel, (frequency) envelope weighted generalised cross-correlation outperforms classical cross-correlation techniques. It achieves a median error of ~1.4 mm for noise and ~4–8.5 mm for vocalizations. Using this algorithms in combination with a level criterion, we can improve the assignment for interacting mice. We report significant differences in mean USV properties between CBA mice of different sexes during social interaction. Hence, the improved USV attribution to individuals lays the basis for a deeper understanding of social vocalizations, in particular sequences of USVs.
TiO(OH)2 – highly effective catalysts for optimizing CO2 desorption kinetics reducing CO2 capture cost: A new pathway
Authors: Yao Hongbao , Toan Sam , Huang Liang , Fan Maohong , Wang Yujun , Russell Armistead G. , Luo Guangsheng , Fei Weiyang
Published: June 2017

The objective is to find a new pathway for significant reduction in CO2 capture energy consumption. Specifically, nanoporous TiO(OH)2 was used to realize the objective, which was desired as a catalyst to significantly accelerate the decomposition of aqueous NaHCO3, essentially CO2 desorption – the key step of Na2CO3/NaHCO3 based CO2 capture technologies from overall CO2 energy consumption perspective. Effects of several important factors on TiO(OH)2-catalyzed NaHCO3 decomposition were investigated. The quantity of CO2 generated from 0.238 mol/L NaHCO3 at 65 °C with catalyst is ~800% of that generated without the presence of catalyst. When a 12 W vacuum pump was used for carrying the generated CO2 out of reactor, the total amount of CO2 released was improved by ~2,500% under the given experimental conditions. No significant decrease in the catalytic effect of TiO(OH)2 was observed after five cyclic CO2 activated tests. In addition, characterizations with in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller of TiO(OH)2 indicate that TiO(OH)2 is quite stable. The discovery in this research could inspire scientists’ interests in starting to focus on a new pathway instead of making huge effort or investment in designing high-capacity but expensive CO2 sorbent for developing practical or cost-effective CO2 technologies.
Structural Properties and Sensing Performance of CeYxOy Sensing Films for Electrolyte–Insulator–Semiconductor pH Sensors
Authors: Pan Tung-Ming , Wang Chih-Wei , Chen Ching-Yi
Published: June 2017

In this study we developed CeY
x
O
y
sensing membranes displaying super-Nernstian pH-sensitivity for use in electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) pH sensors. We examined the effect of thermal annealing on the structural properties and sensing characteristics of the CeY
x
O
y
sensing membranes deposited through reactive co-sputtering onto Si substrates. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the structural, morphological, and chemical features, respectively, of the CeY
x
O
y
films after their annealing at 600–900 °C. Among the tested systems, the CeY
x
O
y
EIS device prepared with annealing at 800 °C exhibited the highest sensitivity (78.15 mV/pH), the lowest hysteresis voltage (1.4 mV), and the lowest drift rate (0.85 mV/h). Presumably, these annealing conditions optimized the stoichiometry of (CeY)O2 in the film and its surface roughness while suppressing silicate formation at the CeY
x
O
y
–Si interface. We attribute the super-Nernstian pH-sensitivity to the incorporation of Y ions in the Ce framework, thereby decreasing the oxidation state Ce (Ce4+ → Ce3+) and resulting in less than one electron transferred per proton in the redox reaction.
Increased platelet distribution width predicts poor prognosis in melanoma patients
Authors: Li Na , Diao Zhiyong , Huang Xiaoyi , Niu Ye , Liu Tiemin , Liu Zhi-ping , Wang Rui-tao , Yu Kai-jiang
Published: June 2017

Activated platelets promote cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of platelet indices in melanoma had been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive significance of platelet indices in melanoma. A total of 220 consecutive patients with melanoma were retrospectively enrolled between January 2009 and December 2009. The relationship between PDW and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of PDW. Of the 220 patients, high platelet distribution width (PDW) levels were observed in 63 (28.6%) patients. Increased PDW was associated with tumor subtype (P < 0.001). Survival curves found that patients with increased PDW had significantly shorter survival time than those with normal PDW (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated PDW was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.480; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.386–4.436, P = 0.002). In conclusion, PDW is easily available in routine blood test. Our findings indicated that PDW is an independent predictor and that it may also be a potential parameter for targeted therapy in melanoma.
First comprehensive proteome analysis of lysine crotonylation in seedling leaves of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Sun Hangjun , Liu Xiaowei , Li Fangfang , Li Wei , Zhang Jing , Xiao Zhixin , Shen Lili , Li Ying , Wang Fenglong , Yang Jinguang
Published: June 2017

Histone crotonylation is a new lysine acylation type of post-translational modification (PTM) enriched at active gene promoters and potential enhancers in yeast and mammalian cells. However, lysine crotonylation in nonhistone proteins and plant cells has not yet been studied. In the present study, we performed a global crotonylation proteome analysis of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. A total of 2044 lysine modification sites distributed on 637 proteins were identified, representing the most abundant lysine acylation proteome reported in the plant kingdom. Similar to lysine acetylation and succinylation in plants, lysine crotonylation was related to multiple metabolism pathways, such as carbon metabolism, the citrate cycle, glycolysis, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Importantly, 72 proteins participated in multiple processes of photosynthesis, and most of the enzymes involved in chlorophyll synthesis were modified through crotonylation. Numerous crotonylated proteins were implicated in the biosynthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Several crotonylated proteins related to chromatin organization are also discussed here. These data represent the first report of a global crotonylation proteome and provide a promising starting point for further functional research of crotonylation in nonhistone proteins.
Choice of analysis pathway dramatically affects statistical outcomes in breaking continuous flash suppression
Authors: Kerr James Allen , Hesselmann Guido , Räling Romy , Wartenburger Isabell , Sterzer Philipp
Published: June 2017

Breaking Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS) has been adopted as an appealing means to study human visual awareness, but the literature is beclouded by inconsistent and contradictory results. Although previous reviews have focused chiefly on design pitfalls and instances of false reasoning, we show in this study that the choice of analysis pathway can have severe effects on the statistical output when applied to bCFS data. Using a representative dataset designed to address a specific controversy in the realm of language processing under bCFS, namely whether psycholinguistic variables affect access to awareness, we present a range of analysis methods based on real instances in the published literature, and indicate how each approach affects the perceived outcome. We provide a summary of published bCFS studies indicating the use of data transformation and trimming, and highlight that more compelling analysis methods are sparsely used in this field. We discuss potential interpretations based on both classical and more complex analyses, to highlight how these differ. We conclude that an adherence to openly available data and analysis pathways could provide a great benefit to this field, so that conclusions can be tested against multiple analyses as standard practices are updated.
The complexity of Orion: an ALMA view
Authors: Pagani L. , Favre C. , Goldsmith P. F. , Bergin E. A. , Snell R. , Melnick G.
Published: June 2017

Context. We wish to improve our understanding of the Orion central star formation region (Orion-KL) and disentangle its complexity.

Aims. We collected data with ALMA during cycle 2 in 16 GHz of total bandwidth spread between 215.1 and 252.0 GHz with a typical sensitivity of 5 mJy/beam (2.3 mJy/beam from 233.4 to 234.4 GHz) and a typical beam size of 1.̋7 × 1.̋0 (average position angle of 89°). We produced a continuum map and studied the emission lines in nine remarkable infrared spots in the region including the hot core and the compact ridge, plus the recently discovered ethylene glycol peak.

Methods. We present the data, and report the detection of several species not previously seen in Orion, including n- and i-propyl cyanide (C3H7CN), and the tentative detection of a number of other species including glycolaldehyde (CH2(OH)CHO). The first detections of gGg′ ethylene glycol (gGg′ (CH2OH)2) and of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in Orion are presented in a companion paper. We also report the possible detection of several vibrationally excited states of cyanoacetylene (HC3N), and of its 13C isotopologues. We were not able to detect the 16O18O line predicted by our detection of O2 with Herschel, due to blending with a nearby line of vibrationally excited ethyl cyanide. We do not confirm the tentative detection of hexatriynyl (C6H) and cyanohexatriyne (HC7N) reported previously, or of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission.

Results. We report a complex velocity structure only partially revealed before. Components as extreme as −7 and +19 km s-1 are detected inside the hot region. Thanks to different opacities of various velocity components, in some cases we can position these components along the line of sight. We propose that the systematically redshifted and blueshifted wings of several species observed in the northern part of the region are linked to the explosion that occurred ~500 yr ago. The compact ridge, noticeably farther south displays extremely narrow lines (~1 km s-1) revealing a quiescent region that has not been affected by this explosion. This probably indicates that the compact ridge is either over 10 000 au in front of or behind the rest of the region.

Conclusions. Many lines remain unidentified, and only a detailed modeling of all known species, including vibrational states of isotopologues combined with the detailed spatial analysis offered by ALMA enriched with zero-spacing data, will allow new species to be detected.
Laboratoriumsmedizin: „Von der Wiege bis zur Bahre“
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: June 2017

Dr. Martin Walger, Geschäftsführer des Verbands der Diagnostica-Industrie (VDGH) über Neugeborenenscreening, die Leistungen der Laboratoriumsmedizin in der Notaufnahme und die ökonomischen Herausforderungen der Branche.
Lebensqualität im Gesundheitswesen: Wohlfühlen trotz wirtschaftlichen Drucks
Authors: Flügel Thomas
Published: June 2017

Auf den ersten Blick gar nicht technisch kam eine Tagung der Regionalgruppe Berlin-Brandenburg im Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Berlin-Havelhöhe daher.
Row bots
Authors: Boucher Jean-Philippe , Labbé Romain , Clanet Christophe
Published: June 2017

By dipping their oars into the water asynchronously, a rowing crew can reduce the friction on their racing shell. Experiments with robots determine whether that trick increases the boat’s speed.
Opana-induced thrombotic microangiopathy masquerading as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Ban Byung H. , Verma Ashish , Tudor Maria , Sethi Jigme
Published: June 2017

Opana (oxymorphone) is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid agonist used for chronic pain management that is ingested orally. However, improper injection of Opana can lead to a rare and fatal blood disorder known as thrombotic microangiopathy. Opana-induced thrombotic microangiopathy can be easily mistaken for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), leading to the initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange. Current literature has conflicting views on the necessity of therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of Opana-induced thrombotic microangiopathy. In our case report, a 47-year-old Caucasian male was admitted with a presentation suspicious for TTP then underwent therapeutic plasma exchange without clinical improvement. With supportive treatment only, the patient eventually improved and later admitted to intravenously abusing oral Opana 1–2 days prior to becoming ill.
Simple and efficient system for photoconverting light-sensitive proteins in serial crystallography experiments
Authors: Schirò Giorgio , Woodhouse Joyce , Weik Martin , Schlichting Ilme , Shoeman Robert L.
Published: June 2017

Proteins that change their structure in response to light absorption regulate many functional processes in living cells. Moreover, biotechnological approaches like optogenetics and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy recently triggered the generation of new genetically modified photosensitive proteins. Light-induced structural changes in photosensitive proteins can be studied by time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX), an X-ray diffraction technique that allows the determination of macromolecular structures at X-ray free-electron lasers from a large number of nano- to micro-sized crystals. This article describes a simple and efficient system for converting photosensitive proteins into light-induced semi-stationary states by inline laser illumination prior to sample injection with a gas-focused liquid jet and subsequent optical pump–X-ray probe exposure. The simple setup of this device makes it suitable for integration into other liquid injectors (like electro-spinning and electro-kinetic injectors) and potentially also in high-viscosity extruders, provided that embedding microcrystals in viscous media does not alter protein photophysical properties. The functioning of the device is demonstrated with an example of a photoswitchable fluorescent protein pre-illuminated (photoactivated) for time-resolved SFX experiments. The device can be easily adapted for the conversion in time-resolved SFX experiments of other microcrystalline proteins, such as photosystems, phytochromes and rhodopsins.
Indigenous entrepreneurship in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Kawharu Merata , Tapsell Paul , Woods Christine
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Exploring the links between resilience, sustainability and entrepreneurship from an indigenous perspective means exploring the historic and socio-cultural context out of which a community originates. From this perspective, informed insight into a community’s ability to adapt and to transform without major structural collapse when confronted with exogenous challenges or crises can be gained. This paper explores the interplay between resilience and entrepreneurship in a New Zealand indigenous setting.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide a theoretical and case study approach, exploring four intersecting leadership roles, their guiding value system and application at a micro kin family level through a tourism venture and at a macro kin tribal level through an urban land development venture.

Findings

The findings demonstrate the importance of historical precedent and socio-cultural values in shaping the leadership matrix that addresses exogenous challenges and crises in an entrepreneurship context.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to New Zealand, but the findings have synergies with other indigenous entrepreneurship elsewhere. Further cross-cultural research in this field includes examining the interplay between rights and duties within indigenous communities as contributing facets to indigenous resilience and entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

This research is a contribution to theory and to indigenous community entrepreneurship in demonstrating what values and behaviours are assistive in confronting shocks, crises and challenges. Its originality is in the multi-disciplinary approach, combining economic and social anthropological, indigenous and non-indigenous perspectives. The originality of this paper also includes an analysis of contexts that appear to fall outside contemporary entrepreneurship, but are in fact directly linked.
Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
Authors: McInnis-Bowers Cecilia , Parris Denise Linda , Galperin Bella L.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and resilience in an indigenous context. The overarching research questions are: What are the mechanisms that link entrepreneurial thought and action to resilience in a marginalized context? How can entrepreneurial thought and actions lead to building economic, community and cultural resilience?

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory-naturalistic case study methodology was used to examine the entrepreneurial journey of the Boruca. Data were collected from in-depth semi-structured and unstructured interviews among 10 informants over a five-year period. Constant comparative method was used to analyze the data.

Findings

Due to the need to survive, the Boruca engaged in entrepreneurial thought and action, which, in turn, led to the development of community, cultural and economic resilience. The authors developed a conceptual model to illustrate how individual resiliency gained through entrepreneurial thought and action led to community, cultural and economic resiliency of the Boruca.

Research limitations/implications

This paper examines the entrepreneurial journey of one of the eight indigenous tribes of Costa Rica. Future research should expand their sample to include the other indigenous contexts.

Practical implications

From a practical standpoint, this paper suggests the need for entrepreneurial training among indigenous businesses as a key factor in developing resiliency. This is applicable for non-profit, for-profit and public organizations interested in preserving world ethnic cultures and empowering indigenous people.

Social implications

Gaining deeper and richer insights into the linkages of resilience and entrepreneurial success is important for supporting efforts of those seeking to forge pathways out of poverty.

Originality/value

This paper suggests a different view of the relationship between resilience and entrepreneurship when the context is outside of the resource-rich context of the developed world.