bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiomics Signature Based on Support Vector Machines for the Prediction of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Bicheng , Fang Yimin , Sun Wenzheng , Wu Dang , Su Zhuo , Shen Li , Wei Qichun
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the discriminative capabilities of radiomics signatures derived from three distinct machine learning algorithms and to identify a robust radiomics signature capable of predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In a retrospective study, 211 LARC patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into a training cohort (n = 148) and a validation cohort (n = 63). From pretreatment contrast-enhanced planning CT images, a total of 851 radiomics features were extracted. Feature selection and radiomics score (Radscore) construction were performed using three different machine learning methods: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The SVM-derived Radscore demonstrated a strong correlation with the pCR status, yielding area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.880 and 0.830 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, outperforming the RF and LASSO methods. Based on this, a nomogram was developed by combining the SVM-based Radscore with clinical indicators to predict pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The nomogram exhibited superior predictive power, achieving AUCs of 0.910 and 0.866 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves and decision curve analyses confirmed its appropriateness. The SVM-based Radscore demonstrated promising performance in predicting pCR for LARC patients. The machine learning-driven nomogram, which integrates the Radscore and clinical indicators, represents a valuable tool for predicting pCR in LARC patients.
Independent Stage Classification for Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hirata Yuki , Chiang Yi-Ju , Estrella Jeannelyn S. , Das Prajnan , Minsky Bruce D. , Blum Murphy Mariela , Ajani Jaffer A. , Mansfield Paul , Badgwell Brian D. , Ikoma Naruhiko
Published: October 2023

In gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma cases, a prognosis based on ypTNM staging could be affected by preoperative therapy. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative therapy followed by surgical resection from 2006 through 2017 were identified in the National Cancer Database. To enable stage-by-stage OS comparisons, tumors were classified into four gross ypTNM groups: ypT1/2, N-negative; ypT1/2, N-positive; ypT3/4, N-negative; and ypT3/4, N-positive. Prognostic factors were examined, and an OS prediction nomogram was developed for patients with abdominal/lower esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, representing GEJ cancers. We examined 25,463 patient records. When compared by gross ypTNM group, the abdominal/lower esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma groups had similar OS rates, differing from those of other esophageal or gastric cancers. Cox regression analysis of patients with GEJ cancers showed that preoperative chemoradiotherapy was associated with shorter OS than preoperative chemotherapy after adjustment for the ypTNM group (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.24–1.39, p < 0.001), likely owing to downstaging effects. The nomogram had a concordance index of 0.833 and a time-dependent area under the curve of 0.669. OS prediction in GEJ adenocarcinoma cases should include preoperative therapy regimens. Our OS prediction nomogram provided reasonable OS prediction for patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma, and future validation is needed.
Integrating Fermentation Engineering and Organopalladium Chemocatalysis for the Production of Squalene from Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates as the Starting Material
Authors: Wu Cuicui , Tian Kaifei , Guo Xuan , Fang Yunming
Published: October 2023

The transition from fossil resources to renewable biomass for the production of valuable chemicals and biobased fuels is a crucial step towards carbon neutrality. Squalene, a valuable chemical extensively used in the energy, healthcare, and pharmaceutical fields, has traditionally been isolated from the liver oils of deep-sea sharks and plant seed oils. In this study, a biochemical synergistic conversion strategy was designed and realized to convert glucose to squalene by combining fermentation technology in yeast with reductive coupling treatment of dienes. First, glucose derived from hydrolysis of cellulose was used as a renewable resource, using genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the initial biocatalyst to produce β-farnesene with a titer of 27.6 g/L in a 2.5 L bioreactor. Subsequently, intermediate β-farnesene was successfully converted to squalene through the organopalladium-catalyzed reductive coupling reaction involving the formation of Pd(0)L2 species. Under mild reaction conditions, impressive β-farnesene conversion (99%) and squalene selectivity (100%) were achieved over the Pd(acac)2 catalyst at a temperature of 75 °C in an ethanol solvent after 5 h. This advancement may provide insights into broadening squalene production channels and accessing the complex skeletons of natural terpenoids from biorenewable carbon sources, offering practical significance and economic benefits.
Hydrogenation of Furfural to Cyclopentanone in Tert–Butanol-Water Medium: A Study of the Reaction Intermediates Reactivity Using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 as Catalyst
Authors: Orozco-Saumell Ana , Mariscal Rafael , Vila Francisco , López Granados Manuel , Alonso David Martín
Published: October 2023

The catalytic transformation of furfural to cyclopentanone has been investigated using two different liquid phases as solvent: water and 30 wt.% tert–butanol in water. When using neat water at 160 °C, 40 bar of H2, and after 2 h of reaction time, furfural polymerizes, and the yield of cyclopentanone is just 42% with a low carbon balance, indicating that furfural is transformed to non-detected by-products, likely heavy resins. When using 30 wt.% tert–butanol in water, the yield of cyclopentanone is ca. 20%, and the major product is furfuryl alcohol with a 47% yield. We have studied the catalytic transformation of the most relevant reaction intermediates in the overall conversion of furfural to cyclopentanone. In the presence of tert–butanol, two steps are inhibited in the overall pathway: (i) the Piancatelli rearrangement of furfuryl alcohol and (ii) the transformation of cyclopentenone. This inhibition is attributed to the neutralization of protons from water dissociation by surface sites on the catalyst, preventing their participation in the overall reaction. To counteract these inhibitions when tert–butanol is present, higher H2 pressure (60 bar) and temperatures (200 °C) are required. We have been able to obtain productivities per gram of catalyst and mols of Cu basis of 411 gprod·h−1·gcat−1 and 14 gprod·s−1·molCu−1, respectively, which is substantially above that found for other copper-based catalysts.
Does Educational Status Influence Parents’ Response to Bad News in the NICU?
Authors: Wege Mirjam , von Blanckenburg Pia , Maier Rolf Felix , Seifart Carola
Published: October 2023

Communication in neonatal intensive care units and the relationship between families and staff have been reported to influence parental mental well-being. Research has also shown an impact of parental educational level on their well-being. However, whether different educational levels result in different reactions to breaking bad news (BBN) by physicians remains unanswered so far. We therefore examined the impact of parental level of education on their mental state after a BBN conversation and their relation to physicians. A prospective quantitative survey was conducted amongst 54 parents whose preterm or term infants were hospitalized in three German neonatal units. Parental education was classified as low (lower secondary/less (1), n: 23) or high (higher secondary/more (2), n: 31). Parents answered questions about certain aspects of and their mental state after BBN and their trust in physicians. The two groups did not differ significantly in their mental condition after BBN, with both reporting high levels of exhaustion and worries, each (median (min;max): (1): 16 (6;20) vs. (2): 14 (5;20), (scaling: 5–20)). However, lower-educated parents reported a lower trust in physicians (median (min;max): (1): 2 (0;9) vs. (2): 1 (0;6), p < 0.05 (scaling: 0–10)) and felt less safe during BBN (median (min;max): (1): 15 (9;35) vs. (2): 13 (9;33), p < 0.05). Only among higher-educated parents was trust in physicians significantly correlated with the safety and orientation provided during BBN (r: 0.583, p < 0.05, r: 0.584, p < 0.01). Concurrently, only among less-educated parents was safety correlated with the hope conveyed during BBN (r: 0.763, p < 0.01). Therefore, in BBN discussions with less-educated parents, physicians should focus more on giving them hope to promote safety.
Pericardial Adhesion and Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain following Thoracentesis: An Osteopathic Approach
Authors: Bordoni Bruno , Escher Allan
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Morbidity and disability related to non-fatal events are increasing exponentially. There are several symptoms that may arise after invasive therapeutic approaches such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), including chronic pain in anatomical areas connected to the mediastinum; these pains can be found not only initially after surgery but also years later. We present a case where non-specific neck pain (NNP), in a patient undergoing CABG five years earlier, was resolved with an osteopathic technique, working the pericardial area. To the knowledge of the authors, it is the first article illustrating an osteopathic approach with resolution of NNP, with a manual technique used on the pericardial area.
Identifying the Structural Components Responsible for the Antiproliferative Properties of Hydroxychavicol
Authors: Jackson Joshua , Romero Gerome M. , Hawkins Diana , Cornwall Richard G. , Lukov Georgi L.
Published: October 2023

Betel leaves are widely used as herbal medicine in Asia due to their antimicrobial properties. These properties have been attributed to the phenolic compound eugenol and its derivative, hydroxychavicol. Hydroxychavicol has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The main objective of this study was to investigate which structural components of hydroxychavicol are responsible for the antiproliferative property of this compound. Jurkat-E6 cells (JE6) were treated with increasing concentrations (5, 15, and 45 µM) of hydroxychavicol and structural variants of it for 48 h. The results of this study demonstrate that the catechol structure in hydroxychavicol is the structural component that exhibits the highest antiproliferative effect. More specifically, the data show that the six-carbon ring must be aromatic with the two hydroxyl groups attached in an ortho position. Furthermore, this study establishes that the oxygen in the hydroxyl groups has a vital role in the antiproliferative properties of catechol and hydroxychavicol.
Associations of Real-Time Ultrasound and Strain and Shear Wave Elastography with Gastrointestinal Organs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Javed Nismat , Ghazanfar Haider , Jyala Abhilasha , Patel Harish
Published: October 2023

Ultrasound elastography is gaining attention for its diagnostic potential across various medical fields, and its physical properties make it valuable in modern clinical medicine. However, its specific attributes, especially in the context of recent medical advancements, remain relatively unexplored. This study aimed to identify instrument-specific characteristics and applications of real-time ultrasound elastography, shear wave elastography, and strain elastography, particularly within gastroenterology. Following PRISMA guidelines, the study examined elastography articles on databases like PubMed, resulting in 78 included articles. Data on patient demographics, organ involvement, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were extracted. Statistical analysis involved SPSS version 21, with significance set at p < 0.05. The majority of patients were male (50.50%), with a mean age of 42.73 ± 4.41 years. Shear wave elastography was the most prevalent technique (48.7%), and liver investigations were predominant in gastroenterology (34.6%). Gastrointestinal applications showed higher sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values (p < 0.05) but lower specificity (p < 0.05). Real-time ultrasound elastography exhibited increased specificity, accuracy, and predictive values (p < 0.05). Ultrasound elastography appears more accurate and effective in gastroenterological settings. Nonetheless, its performance depends on instrument-specific and operator-dependent factors. While promising, further studies are necessary to ascertain optimal utilization in both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions.
Diagnostic Value of Preoperative uPAR-PET/CT in Regional Lymph Node Staging of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Phase II Trial
Authors: Lawaetz Mads , Christensen Anders , Juhl Karina , Lelkaitis Giedrius , Karnov Kirstine , Carlsen Esben Andreas , Charabi Birgitte W. , Loft Annika , Czyzewska Dorota , Buchwald Christian von , Kjaer Andreas
Published: October 2023

The detection of lymph node metastases is a major challenge in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC). 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with high affinity to urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a receptor expressed on the surfaces of tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of uPAR-PET/CT (computerized tomography) in detecting regional metastatic disease in patients with OSCC and OPSCC compared to the current imaging work-up. In this phase II trial, patients with OSCC and OPSCC referred for surgical treatment were prospectively enrolled. Before surgery, 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 uPAR-PET/CT was conducted, and SUVmax values were obtained from the primary tumor and the suspected lymph nodes. Histology results from lymph nodes were used as the standard of truth of metastatic disease. The diagnostic values of 68Ga-uPAR-PET/CT were compared to conventional routine preoperative imaging results (CT and/or MRI). The uPAR expression in resected primary tumors and metastases was determined by immunohistochemistry and quantified digitally (H-score). A total of 61 patients underwent uPAR-PET/CT. Of the 25 patients with histologically verified lymph node metastases, uPAR-PET/CT correctly identified regional metastatic disease in 14 patients, with a median lymph node metastasis size of 14 mm (range 3–27 mm). A significant correlation was found between SUVmax and the product of the H-score and tumor depth (r = 0.67; p = 0.003). The sensitivity and specificity of uPAR-PET/CT in detecting regional metastatic disease were 56% and 100%, respectively. When added to CT/MRI, uPAR-PET was able to upstage 2/11 (18%) of patients with occult metastases and increase the sensitivity to 64%. The sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 uPAR-PET/CT were equivalent to those of CT/MRI. The significant correlation between SUVmax and uPAR expression verified the target specificity of 68Ga-NOTA-AE105. Despite the target specificity, the sensitivity of imaging is too low for nodal staging and it cannot replace neck dissection.
Predicting Factors of Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized after Esophageal Foreign Body or Caustic Injuries: The Experience of a Tertiary Center
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Mascarenhas Saraiva Miguel , Afonso João , Brozzi Lorenzo , Macedo Guilherme
Published: October 2023

Ingestion of foreign bodies (IFB) and ingestion of caustic agents are frequent non-hemorrhagic causes of endoscopic urgencies, with the potential for severe complications. This study aimed to evaluate the predicting factors of the clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized as a result of IFB or ingestion of caustics (IC). This was a retrospective single-center study of patients admitted for IFB or IC between 2000 and 2019 at a tertiary center. Demographic and clinical data, as well as preliminary exams, were evaluated. Also, variables of the clinical outcomes, including the length of stay (LS) and other inpatient complications, were assessed. Sixty-six patients were included (44 IFB and 22 IC). The median LS was 7 days, with no differences between the groups (p = 0.07). The values of C-reactive protein (CRP) upon admission correlated with the LS in the IFB group (p < 0.01) but not with that of those admitted after IC. In the IFB patients, a diagnosis of perforation on both an endoscopy (p = 0.02) and CT scan (p < 0.01) was correlated with the LS. The Zargar classification was not correlated with the LS in the IC patients (p = 0.36). However, it was correlated with antibiotics, nosocomial pneumonia and an increased need for intensive care treatment. CT assessment of the severity of the caustic lesions did not correlate with the LS. In patients admitted for IFB, CRP values may help stratify the probability of complications. In patients admitted due to IC, the Zargar classification may help to predict inpatient complications, but it does not correlate with the LS.
A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis
Authors: Gülen Theo
Published: October 2023

Our knowledge of biology and mast cell (MC) function, as well as disorders associated with the pathologic activation of MCs, has evolved over the last few decades. Anaphylaxis, mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and mastocytosis are interrelated yet distinct conditions within the spectrum of mast cell activation disorders. Nevertheless, all three conditions can co-exist in one and the same patient, as pathologic MC activation is the key finding in all three. When mediator release is excessive and involves multiple systems, anaphylaxis and MCAS may occur. Furthermore, mastocytosis is a clonal disorder of MCs and often presents with anaphylaxis and MCAS. Nevertheless, in some cases, even the proliferative and accumulative features of MCs in mastocytosis can account for symptoms and disease progression. In each case, diagnosis can be only made when the diagnostic consensus criteria are fulfilled. The current article aims to provide a concise clinical update and pinpoint the main difficulties in diagnosing these puzzling disorders of MCs in medical practice.
Dual-UAV Collaborative High-Precision Passive Localization Method Based on Optoelectronic Platform
Authors: Kang Xu , Shao Yu , Bai Guanbing , Sun He , Zhang Tao , Wang Dejiang
Published: October 2023

Utilizing the optical characteristics of the target for detection and localization does not require actively emitting signals and has the advantage of strong concealment. Once the optoelectronic platform mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detects the target, the vector pointing to the target in the camera coordinate system can estimate the angle of arrival (AOA) of the target relative to the UAV in the Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system through a series of rotation transformations. By employing two UAVs and the corresponding AOA measurements, passive localization of an unknown target is possible. To achieve high-precision target localization, this paper investigates the following three aspects. Firstly, two error transfer models are established to estimate the noise distributions of the AOA and the UAV position in the ECEF coordinate system. Next, to reduce estimation errors, a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator is designed. Theoretical analysis proves that the mean squared error (MSE) of the target position estimation can reach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) under the condition of small noise. Finally, we study the optimal placement problem of two coplanar UAVs relative to the target based on the D-optimality criterion and provide explicit conclusions. Simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of the localization method.
Adaptive Fractional Prescribed Performance Control for Micro-Electromechanical System Gyros Using a Modified Neural Estimator
Authors: Lu Cheng , Wen Zhiwei , Luo Laiwu , Guo Yunxiang , Zhang Xinsong
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a neural fractional order prescribed performance control is proposed for micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyros. Gyros tend to become smaller in size and more precise in structure with the development of micro-manufacturing technology. The operational security for MEMS gyros in cases of disturbances and parameter uncertainties becomes a challenging problem that has attracted much attention. The proposed method incorporates a prescribed performance technique to accomplish a bounded (within 10% of the vibration amplitude) gyro trajectory tracking error dynamic to secure the gyro’s operation. Meanwhile, fractional calculus is integrated into the controller’s design to provide precise adjustments to the gyro’s motion and thus further improve gyro control performance (shortening error convergence time by 20%). Furthermore, to enlarge the application scope and to improve gyro system robustness, a modified neural network estimator with a constrained input mapping mechanism is proposed to approximate unknown time-varying angular-velocity-related gyro dynamics. Notably, the constrained input mapping mechanism can help guide neural parameter initialization to avoid a time-consuming parameter adjustment process. The stability of the closed-loop gyro control system is proved in the framework of Lyapunov stability theory, and comparisons of simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Economic Evaluation Method of Modern Power Transmission System Based on Improved Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Best-Worst Method-Anti-Entropy Weight
Authors: Zeng Wenhui , Fan Jiayuan , Ren Zhichao , Liu Xiaoyu , Lv Shuang , Cao Yuqian , Xu Xiao , Liu Junyong
Published: October 2023

As the demand for power supply increases, the investment in the power transmission system constantly increases. An accurate economic evaluation of the power transmission system is essential for future investment decisions and management. Applying a single method in economic evaluation leads to excessive subjective consciousness and unreasonable weight allocation. The Euclidean distance in the traditional TOPSIS method only partially works on the condition that the criteria are linearly correlated. To solve these problems, an economic evaluation method based on improved TOPSIS and BWM-anti-entropy weight is proposed. For the assignment of weights, the method retains the advantages of subjective and objective weighting methods based on the Nash equilibrium, breaks through the limitation of utilizing a single method, which contributes to one-sided results, and enhances the scientific rigor and rationality of the comprehensive weighting process. Furthermore, based on comprehensive weights, the method improves the TOPSIS by introducing the Mahalanobis distance and Pearson correlation coefficients, which can eliminate the influence of linear correlation. Finally, ten 500 kV transmission and transformation projects are analyzed and ranked to verify the method’s feasibility. Empirical analysis shows that the method can effectively evaluate the economic benefits of the power transmission system.
Transient Stability Analysis for a Multi-VSC Parallel System Based on the CFND Method
Authors: Li Yue , Xia Yanghong , Ma Junchao , Peng Yonggang
Published: October 2023

Because of the control complexity of voltage source converters (VSCs), transient stability analysis of multi-VSC parallel systems is challenging, and there are still no effective methods to solve this problem. Inspired by the decoupling principle and combined with the normal form method, an innovative coupling-factor-based nonlinear decoupling (CFND) method is proposed. According to the coupling factors that can be used to evaluate the nonlinear coupling degree among different state variables, the CFND method approximately transforms a high-order nonlinear multi-VSC parallel system into multiple decoupled low-order modes. Thus, the transient stability of the original high-order multi-VSC system can be reflected indirectly by the mature inversing trajectory method and the phase plane method. The CFND method has universality, flexibility, and insensitivity to system order, and no need to construct corresponding Lyapunov functions for different nonlinear systems, breaking through the inherent limitations of traditional analysis methods. Furthermore, this paper derives a reduced-order large-signal model and the corresponding truncated model for a single VSC grid-connected system. The effectiveness of the reduced-order model is verified through simulation waveforms and ROAs partitioning. Subsequently, a generalized model of the multi-VSC grid-connected system is developed. Finally, taking the grid-connected system with three VSCs as an example, the proposed CFND method is used to analyze typical operation cases, and the conclusions of transient stability analysis are verified using the hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiments.
Electromobility: Logistics and Business Ecosystem Perspectives Review
Authors: Grzesiak Sebastian Szymon , Sulich Adam
Published: October 2023

In the evolving landscape of electromobility, the logistics domain is undergoing significant transformations, reflecting broader changes in both the transport and energy sectors. This study aims to present an exploration of the scientific literature indexed in Scopus dedicated to electromobility logistics and the business ecosystem. The methods used in this article include a classical literature review and a systematic literature review, combined with bibliometric analysis in VOSviewer software (version 1.6.19). These methods allowed for the analysis of keywords and research motifs related directly to the development of electromobility from a business ecosystem perspective. Results of this study indicate that while technological innovations play a significant role, the success of electromobility is also highly dependent on its efficient and collaborative business ecosystem of entities involved in transportation and energy sectors. This ecosystem, defined by mutual value creation and strategic collaboration along with infrastructure and logistics, has the potential to drive economic growth and create new green jobs in the energy and transport sectors. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of a sustainable and balanced approach, emphasizing both technological advancements and the significance of a robust business ecosystem for the future of the electromobility business ecosystem.
A Stochastic Load Forecasting Approach to Prevent Transformer Failures and Power Quality Issues Amid the Evolving Electrical Demands Facing Utilities
Authors: O’Donnell John , Su Wencong
Published: October 2023

New technologies, such as electric vehicles, rooftop solar, and behind-the-meter storage, will lead to increased variation in electrical load, and the location and time of the penetration of these technologies are uncertain. Power quality, reliability, and protection issues can be the result if electric utilities do not consider the probability of load scenarios that have not yet occurred. The authors’ approach to addressing these concerns started with collecting the electrical load data for an expansive and diverse set of distribution transformers. This provided approximately two-and-a-half years of data that were used to develop new methods that will enable engineers to address emerging issues. The efficacy of the methods was then assessed with a real-world test dataset that was not used in the development of the new methods. This resulted in an approach to efficiently generate stochastic electrical load forecasts for elements of distribution circuits. Methods are also described that use those forecasts for engineering analysis that predict the likelihood of distribution transformer failures and power quality events. 100% of the transformers identified as most likely to fail either did fail or identified a data correction opportunity. The accuracy of the power quality results was 92% while allowing for a balance between measures of efficiency and customer satisfaction.
Improved Active and Reactive Energy Forecasting Using a Stacking Ensemble Approach: Steel Industry Case Study
Authors: Mubarak Hamza , Sanjari Mohammad J. , Stegen Sascha , Abdellatif Abdallah
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of substantial inductive/capacitive loads within the industrial sectors induces variations in reactive energy levels. The imbalance between active and reactive energy within the network leads to heightened losses, diminished network efficiency, and an associated escalation in operating costs. Therefore, the forecasting of active and reactive energy in the industrial sector confers notable advantages, including cost reduction, heightened operational efficiency, safeguarding of equipment, enhanced energy consumption management, and more effective assimilation of renewable energy sources. Consequently, a range of specialized forecasting methods for different applications have been developed to address these challenges effectively. This research proposes a stacked ensemble methodology, denoted as Stack-XGBoost, leveraging three distinct machine learning (ML) methods: extra trees regressor (ETR), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and random forest regressor (RFR), as foundational models. Moreover, the incorporation of an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm as a meta-learner serves to amalgamate the predictions generated by the base models, enhancing the precision of the active/reactive energy consumption forecasting using real time data for steel industry. To assess the efficacy of the proposed model, diverse performance metrics were employed. The results show that the proposed Stack-XGBoost model outperformed other forecasting methods. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the proposed method against variations in input parameters.
Microhabitat Conditions Influencing Ground Vegetation Dominants in an Ecotone between a Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) Forest and Clear-Cut Site during Ten Post-Logging Years
Authors: Genikova Nadezhda , Mamontov Viktor
Published: October 2023

The logging of mature tree stands, where part of the forest is clear-cut, results in the formation of an ecotone complex (EC) consisting of the forest (F), a transition from forest to a clear-cut site under canopy cover (forest edge—FE), a transition from forest to a clear-cut site outside of canopy cover (clear-cutting edge—CE), and the clear-cut site per se (C). Ground vegetation descriptions (percentage cover of dominants and height of subshrubs) were carried out on the sampling subplots along the transects running from spruce forest into the clear-cut site. We studied the effects of the time since logging and some microhabitat factors (aspect, coniferous and deciduous regeneration, downed deadwood, microrelief, and the abundance of subshrubs, grasses, and forbs) on the abundance of the main ground vegetation dominants of the bilberry-type spruce stands and the clear-cut sites: Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea, Deschampsia flexuosa, and Epilobium angustifolium, in different EC zones. The factor found to have the greatest modifying effect on the abundance of all the species in the CE and C zones was the time since clear-cutting. The clear-cutting pioneer species Deschampsia flexuosa and Epilobium angustifolium preferred open areas in the clear-cut site, whereas the abundance of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea positively correlated with the amount of coniferous and deciduous regeneration. Some factors (downed deadwood, microrelief, coniferous regeneration) were found to act similarly on subshrubs both under the tree canopy (F and FE) and in clear-cut microhabitats (CE and C). The shoot height of subshrubs as well as its percentage cover varied depending on the time since clear-cutting and the microhabitat conditions.
Ex Vivo Fermentation of Hay and Corn by Rumen Bacteria from Cattle and Sheep
Authors: Weinert-Nelson Jennifer R. , Ely Donald G. , Flythe Michael D. , Hamilton Tracy A. , Ferrell Jessica L. , Davis Brittany E.
Published: October 2023

Sheep are often utilized as a model ruminant, despite a lack of functional comparisons of rumen bacterial communities and responses during dietary transitions between sheep and cattle. Therefore, an ex vivo study was conducted to evaluate species differences. Rumen fluid was obtained from hay-fed sheep and cattle (n = 3 species−1). Mixed bacterial cell suspensions in buffered media containing 3% w/v ground hay, corn, or combinations (2:1, 1:2) of substrates were incubated (24 h; 39 °C). Suspension pH, lactate, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and digestibility were assessed, functional guilds enumerated, and amylolytic bacteria isolated. Lactate was fully utilized in all hay incubations, and pH did not differ between species (p > 0.75). In contrast, digestibility, lactate accumulation, and pH decline were greater in bovine suspensions fermenting corn (p < 0.01). Streptococcus bovis was the predominant bacteria regardless of species, but total amylolytic bacteria were 10-fold greater in bovine suspensions (p < 0.01). Lactate-utilizing bacteria were 1000-fold greater in bovine than ovine suspensions (p < 0.01). However, total VFA did not differ between species (p > 0.28). Overall, these results demonstrate differential feed utilization capacities in rumen microbial communities of sheep and cattle as well as potential differences in rumen acidosis susceptibility.
Study on the Dynamics of Microflora during Natural Fermentation of Different Blueberry Wines
Authors: Hu Boran , Su Jinghao , Zhou Min , Xu Shaochen
Published: October 2023

Microflora play an important role in the fermentation of blueberry wine, influencing the flavor and nutrient formation. Commercial yeasts give blueberry wines an average flavor profile that does not highlight the specific aroma and origin of the blueberry. In the present study, ITS1-ITS2 region sequencing analysis was performed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput technology to sequence fermented blueberry wine samples of three Vaccinium ashei varieties, Gardenblue, Powderblue, and Britewell, from the Majiang appellation in Guizhou province to analyze the trends of fungal communities and the diversity of compositional structures in different periods of blueberry wine fermentation. The study’s results revealed that 114 genera from seven phyla were detected in nine samples from different fermentation periods of blueberry wine. The main fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Kickxellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Olpidiomycota. The main fungal genera were Hanseniaspora, Saccharomyces, unidentified, Aureobasidium, Penicillium, Mortierella, Colletotrichum, etc. Hanseniaspora was dominant in the pre-fermentation stage of blueberry wine, accounting for more than 82%; Saccharomyces was the dominant genera in the middle and late fermentation stages of blueberry wine, with Saccharomyces accounting for more than 72% in the middle of fermentation and 93% in the late fermentation stage. This study screened indigenous flora for the natural fermentation of blueberry wine in the Majiang production area of Guizhou, improved the flavor substances of the blueberry wine, highlighted the characteristics of the production area, and made the blueberry wine have the characteristic flavor of the production area.
New Breakfast Cereal Developed with Sprouted Whole Ryegrass Flour: Evaluation of Technological and Nutritional Parameters
Authors: Lima Cristiane Teles , Santos Tatiane Monteiro dos , Neves Nathália de Andrade , Lavado-Cruz Alicia , Paucar-Menacho Luz Maria , Clerici Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva , Meza Sílvia Letícia Rivero , Schmiele Marcio
Published: October 2023

Ryegrass is one such cereal that has been underutilized in human nutrition despite its high nutritional and functional value due to the presence of phytochemicals and dietary fibers. Exploiting ryegrass for human consumption is an exciting option, especially for countries that do not produce wheat, as it is easily adaptable and overgrows, making it economically viable. This study evaluated the nutritional content of γ-aminobutyric acid and bioactive compounds (total soluble phenolic compounds) and the physicochemical and technological properties of partially substituting maize flour (MF) with sprouted whole ryegrass flour (SR) in developing extrusion-cooked breakfast cereals. A completely randomized design with substitutions ranging from 0 to 20% of MF with SR was employed as the experimental strategy (p < 0.05). Partial incorporation of SR increased the content of γ-aminobutyric acid and total soluble phenolic compounds. Using sprouted grains can adversely affect the technological quality of extruded foods, mainly due to the activation of the amylolytic enzymes. Still, ryegrass, with its high dietary fiber and low lipid content, mitigates these negative effects. Consequently, breakfast cereals containing 4 and 8% SR exhibited better physicochemical properties when compared to SR12, SR16, SR20, and USR10, presenting reduced hardness and increased crispness, and were similar to SR0. These results are promising for ryegrass and suggest that combining the age-old sprouting process with extrusion can enhance the nutritional quality and bioactive compound content of cereal-based breakfast products while maintaining some technological parameters, especially crispiness, expansion index, water solubility index, and firmness, which are considered satisfactory.
Preparation and Unique Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly Property of Starfish Ferritin
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Chen Xuemin , Liu Bo , Zang Jiachen , Zhang Tuo , Zhao Guanghua
Published: October 2023

The structure and assembly properties of ferritin derived from aquatic products remain to be explored. Constructing diverse three-dimensional (3D) protein architectures with the same building blocks has important implications for nutrient delivery, medicine and materials science. Herein, ferritin from Asterias forbesii (AfFer) was prepared, and its crystal structure was resolved at 1.91 Å for the first time. Notably, different from the crystal structure of other reported ferritin, AfFer exhibited a BCT lattice arrangement in its crystals. Bioinspired by the crystal structure of AfFer, we described an effective approach for manufacturing 3D porous, crystalline nanoarchitectures by redesigning the shared protein interface involved in different 3D protein arrays. Based on this strategy, two 3D superlattices of body-centered tetragonal and simple cubicwere constructed with ferritin molecules as the building blocks. This study provided a potentially generalizable strategy for constructing different 3D protein-based crystalline biomaterials with the same building blocks.
The Influence of Packaging Color on Consumer Perceptions of Healthfulness: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Framework
Authors: Steiner Katharina , Florack Arnd
Published: October 2023

When consumers evaluate a new product, packaging design plays a critical role. In particular, packaging color is a dominant design cue that influences consumer perception of a product. Several studies have investigated the influence of color on taste. However, there is limited research on the influence of packaging color on consumer health perception. As healthy eating is a focus for many consumers and public decision-makers, more knowledge is needed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of empirical studies that have investigated the influence of packaging color on consumers’ health perceptions and to provide a psychological explanation for the observed effects. The systematic review includes 20 empirical studies across different product groups. The results show that packaging color influences consumers’ health perceptions. We argue that the influence of packaging color on consumer health perceptions can be explained by the following mechanisms, which are not mutually exclusive: (1) consumers rely on a color as an explicit signal for health; (2) colors are associated with beliefs that indirectly influence health assessments; and (3) colors trigger mental simulations that influence health assessments. In addition, we provide suggestions for further research that will contribute to a better understanding of when and how packaging color can help consumers make healthier food choices.
Hydrogel Membranes from Chitosan-Fish Gelatin-Glycerol for Biomedical Applications: Chondroitin Sulfate Incorporation Effect in Membrane Properties
Authors: Karydis-Messinis Andreas , Moschovas Dimitrios , Markou Maria , Tsirka Kyriaki , Gioti Christina , Bagli Eleni , Murphy Carol , Giannakas Aris E. , Paipetis Alkis , Karakassides Michael A. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Salmas Constantinos E. , Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos E.
Published: October 2023

Chondroitin sulfate (ChS), chitosan (Chi), and fish gelatin (FG), which are byproducts of a fish-treatment small enterprise, were incorporated with glycerol (Gly) to obtain dense hydrogel membranes with reduced brittleness, candidates for dressing in wound healing applications. The mechanical properties of all samples were studied via Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and tensile tests while their internal structure was characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments. Their surface morphology was analyzed by ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA) method, while their water permeability was estimated via Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) measurements. Wettability and degradation rate measurements were also carried out. Characterization results indicated that secondary interactions between the natural polymers and the plasticizer create the hydrogel membranes. The samples were amorphous due to the high concentration of plasticizer and the amorphous nature of the natural polymers. The integration of ChS led to decreased decomposition temperature in comparison with the glycerol-free sample, and all the materials had dense structures. Finally, the in vitro endothelial cell attachment studies indicate that the hydrogel membranes successfully support the attachment and survival of primary on the hydrogel membranes and could be appropriate for external application in wound healing applications as dressings.
Mineralized Microgels via Electrohydrodynamic Atomization: Optimization and In Vitro Model for Dentin–Pulp Complex
Authors: Cruz-Maya Iriczalli , Altobelli Rosaria , Alvarez-Perez Marco Antonio , Guarino Vincenzo
Published: October 2023

There is growing interest in the use of micro-sized hydrogels, including bioactive signals, as efficient platforms for tissue regeneration because they are able to mimic cell niche structure and selected functionalities. Herein, it is proposed to optimize bioactive composite microgels via electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) to regenerate the dentin–pulp complex. The addition of disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) salts as mineral precursors triggered an in situ reaction with divalent ions in solution, thus promoting the encapsulation of different amounts of apatite-like phases. Morphological analysis via image analysis of optical images confirmed a narrow distribution of perfectly rounded particles, with an average diameter ranging from 223 ± 18 μm to 502 ± 64 μm as a function of mineral content and process parameters used. FTIR, TEM, and EDAX analyses confirmed the formation of calcium phosphates with a characteristic Ca/P ratio close to 1.67 and a needle-like crystal shape. In vitro studies—using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in crown sections of natural teeth slices—showed an increase in cell viability until 14 days, recording a decay of proliferation at 21 days, independent on the mineral amount, suggesting that differentiation is started, as confirmed by the increase of ALP activity at 14 days. In this view, mineralized microgels could be successfully used to support in vitro osteogenesis, working as an interesting model to study dental tissue regeneration.
Association between IRF6, TP63, GREM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Non-Syndromic Orofacial Cleft Phenotypes in Vietnamese Population: A Case–Control and Family-Based Study
Authors: Pham Loc Nguyen Gia , Niimi Teruyuki , Suzuki Satoshi , Nguyen Minh Duc , Nguyen Linh Cao Hoai , Nguyen Tuan Duc , Hoang Kien Ai , Nguyen Duc Minh , Sakuma Chisato , Hayakawa Toko , Hiyori Makino , Natsume Nagana , Furukawa Hiroo , Imura Hideto , Akashi Junko , Ohta Tohru , Natsume Nagato
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify potential variants in the TP63–IRF6 pathway and GREM1 for the etiology of non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) among the Vietnamese population. By collecting 527 case–parent trios and 527 control samples, we conducted a stratified analysis based on different NSOFC phenotypes, using allelic, dominant, recessive and over-dominant models for case–control analyses, and family-based association tests for case–parent trios. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were also conducted. IRF6 rs2235375 showed a significant association with an increased risk for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in the G allele, with pallele values of 0.0018 and 0.0003, respectively. Due to the recessive model (p = 0.0011) for the NSCL/P group, the reduced frequency of the GG genotype of rs2235375 was associated with a protective effect against NSCL/P. Additionally, offspring who inherited the G allele at rs2235375 had a 1.34-fold increased risk of NSCL/P compared to the C allele holders. IRF6 rs846810 and a G-G haplotype at rs2235375–rs846810 of IRF6 impacted NSCL/P, with p-values of 0.0015 and 0.0003, respectively. In conclusion, our study provided additional evidence for the association of IRF6 rs2235375 with NSCLP and NSCL/P. We also identified IRF6 rs846810 as a novel marker associated with NSCL/P, and haplotypes G-G and C-A at rs2235375–rs846810 of IRF6 associated with NSOFC.
Platform-to-Basin Evolution of a Tectonically Indistinct Part of a Multiple Foreland—Analysis of a 3D Seismic Block in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Croatian Offshore)
Authors: Kamenski Ana , Korbar Tvrtko
Published: October 2023

The Aiza research area covers over 650 km2 of the northern Adriatic offshore, a common Adriatic foreland of the older Dinarides on the NE, and the younger Apennines on the SW. High-quality 3D reflection seismic data were used to investigate the area’s Mesozoic to Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic evolution. Four main seismo-stratigraphical horizons were recognized: Base of Carbonate Platform (BCP), Top of Carbonate Platform (TCP), Messinian Erosional Surface (MES), and a Plio-Quaternary horizon (PlQh), as well as the dominant faults. The results depict the geological setting and tectonic evolution of the area. A long-lasting (Jurassic to Cretaceous) stable NW-SE striking platform margin evolved probably along the inherited Triassic normal fault. The marginal belt of the platform was affected during the Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene by extension and opening of the intra-platform basin, probably on the southern limb of the then developing Dinaric forebulge. The transverse fault system (Kvarner fault) was probably reactivated as a strike-slip zone during the late Miocene tectonic reorganization. The area was tilted to the SW during the Pliocene, in the distal foreland of the progressively northward propagating Northern Apennines. Sub-horizontal late Quaternary cover of Dinaric and Apenninic structures could imply active subsidence of the foreland in between nowadays sub-vertically exhuming neighboring orogenic belts.