bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiological Evaluation of Carcinoma Colon and Comparison with Histopathological Examination: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Krishnakumar M , Arasan V Tamil , Rayar Vinoth
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer diagnosed in the world. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are useful in pre-operative planning and postoperative follow-up for detecting the presence of distant metastases after surgery. Aim: To evaluate the role of CT and MRI in diagnosis of CRC by associating the cancer diagnosis and staging by Histopathological Examination (HPE). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 82 subjects with CRC attending the Trichy SRM Medical College and hospital from January 2018 to May 2020. Only those patients who underwent biopsy were included in the study. Biopsy reports of 82 patients were obtained from the Department of Surgery and Histopathology. The staging was done by Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system. CT, MRI stage, regions involved and HPE reports were considered as outcome variables. Demographic parameters like age, sex were considered as explanatory variables. Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency and proportion for categorical variables. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the study population was 58.6±14.05 years (range is 22-84 years). Majority (59.76%) were males. Rectum (42.68%) was the most commonly involved site. In staging with biopsy, 32.92% had stage III CRC and 36.59% had stage IV CRC. With CT/MRI staging, 30.4% had stage III CRC and 29.2% had stage IV CRC. Conclusion: CT/MRI scan is an excellent modality in diagnosing malignant lesions of the colon and rectum, as it can accurately describe the extent of involvement of primary or secondary lesions but they are less sensitive as compared to biopsy for cases of CRC involving lymph node and with distant metastasis.
Food Security and Safety: Africans Perspectives A Review
Authors: Onwujekwe Emmanuel Chijioke , Chinyere Ezemba Constance
Published: February 2022

The challenges of hunger in Africa, caused by food insecurity can only be mitigated by enhanced food security and food safety measures. Food safety has a significant role in ensuring food security. A primary cause of food insecurity is the decline in global food productivity. It is also a problem of poverty which has impacted adversely on the socio-economic life of its citizens. Africa is endowed with land resource that if transformed towards agricultural productivity has the capacity to ensure food security and sustainability. Agriculture, of which 85-90 per cent is rain-fed in sub-Saharan Africa, accounts for 35 percent of the region’s gross national product (GNP), 40 percent of exports and 70 percent of employment. Africa needs to leverage on agricultural innovation so as to boost its regional food output. It is essential that production and provision of safe food be given the attention it deserves by addressing the numerous challenges facing it so as to stimulate economic growth and ensure food security and safety in the African continent.
Characteristics of Whey Protein - Phylantin as a Based for the Development of Immunomodulatory Products
Authors: Puspitawati Rahayu Premy , Andriani Ria Dewi , Manab Abdul , Sawitri Manik Eirry
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research was to investigate the characteristic of physicochemical properties of interaction of whey protein with different concentration phylantin sources of the Phyllantus niruri L.

Study Design: Phylantin was added to whey protein with various concentration treatments (0 (control), 150, 180, 210 and 240 (μg/ml)).

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted between June until November 2021 at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya.

Methodology: Phylantin was added to whey protein with various concentration treatments (0 (control), 150, 180, 210 and 240 (μg/ml)). An analysis is carried out to determine characteristic physicochemical and functional properties such as emulsion stability, emulsion activity, foaming ability, sedimentation, turbidity, particle size and antioxidant activity.

Results: The characteristic physicochemical of whey protein and phylantin was investigated such as emulsion stability, emulsion activity, foaming ability, sedimentation, turbidity, particle size and antioxidant activity. The addition of phylantin improved the physicochemical characteristic of properties. The addition of phylantin in the right level could increase emulsion stability, activity, and total antioxidant. Beside it, it could decrease the sedimentation and turbidity in the right level. The particle of nano size could be maintained.

Conclusion: As a result, whey protein containing various concentrations of phyllanthin showed that serum interacting with phyllanthin at a dose of 180 μg/ml increased emulsion stability, antioxidant activity, reduced sedimentation, reduced turbidity, and nanoscale has been shown to be able to maintain the particle size.
Promotion of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Fermented Oat Products
Authors: Abdelshafy Asem Mahmoud , El-Naggar Eid, A. , N. Kenawi Mohamed,
Published: February 2022

Fermentation of oats by probiotics provides higher nutritional value and can be considered as a significant source of bioactive compounds for the human body. Moringa leaves powder (MLP) at the levels of 0.25 and 0.50% were used as an additional prebiotic source to supply oat fermentation by Lactobacillus plantaram ATCC 14917 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus EMCC 11102. The results indicated that oat products supplemented with MLP (0.50%) and fermented by L. delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus EMCC 11102 showed the highest values of free phenolic content and antioxidant activity (30.87 mg Gallic acid (GAL) /100 g  and 7.64%, respectively), followed by oat products supplemented with MLP at level 0.50% and fermented by L. plantaram (28.38 mg GAL /100 g and 5.31%, respectively). Also, oat products fermented by probiotics showed different antibacterial activity by well-diffusion agar method against selected pathogenic bacteria. It is thus concluded that supplementation of fermented oat products with MLP will improve the nutritional value and health benefits of fermented oat products.
Aspiration of Rural Youth in Agriculture and Allied Sectors
Authors: Uttej Dubany , Rao I. Sreenivasa , Sreenivasulu M. , Sailaja A.
Published: February 2022

Youth are the most potent segment of the population of a country. Today's youth are the hope of the future. They are the real spirit of future agriculture. Young people look not only for their own livelihood, but also for the dignity and purpose in life. It is a well-known fact that few young people engage in agriculture, although the majority of rural youth have the energy and enthusiasm to do well in agriculture and allied jobs. In this context, it is worthwhile to know the aspirations of youth in agriculture and allied activities. Keeping this in mind, a study was conducted in Warangal district in Telangana province with a total sample of 120 youth selected using a simple random sampling method. The data was collected from primary sources with structured interview schedule. The study employed descriptive statistics and rank order method to analyse the data. The study indicated that majority (41.6 per cent) of the youth belonged to high level of aspiration category followed by medium (35.0 per cent) and low (23.4 per cent). Among male youth nearly half (46.6 per cent) of the youth belonged to high level of aspiration category followed by medium (30.0 per cent) and low (23.4 per cent). Among female youth 40.0 per cent of the youth belonged to medium level of aspiration category followed by high (36.6 per cent) and low (23.4 per cent).
Information Communication Technologies as Potential System of Knowledge Dissemination in Rural Agricultural Development
Authors: Chowhan Rahul Singh , Dayya Purva
Published: February 2022

The primary purpose of this research is to look at the potential of technology norms and practices in a variety of agricultural resource management systems. By identifying creative IT application implementation, the research also gives an overview of how to overcome rising hurdles in adopting information and communication technology. This article emphasizes some of the noteworthy findings of a study conducted on most farmers, which revealed that most farmers use ICT devices such as multi-SIM mobile phones, smart phones, and tablets. Cell phones and smart phones are the most generally accepted and utilized ICTs, having helped farmers become more socially engaged. Many agriculture-friendly mobile apps are as well assisting farmers in appreciating the relevance of technology. They can contact middlemen for marketing purposes and immediately contact field specialists in real time for guidance on preserving the quality of inputs/outputs, controlling insect/pest, and managing crop diseases, among others. The antagonism toward technology and the hesitancy to adopt new things and their possible impacts on the reorganization of extension services are essential obstacles to actively integrating ICT.
Analysis of Factors Affecting on Earnings Management with Corporate Governance as Moderate Variable
Authors: Santoso Teguh , Mappadang Agoestina
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find out whether the variables of profitability, leverage, company size, and corporate tax have a significant effect on profit management moderated by corporate governance variables on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. From the results of hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that leverage has a positive and negative effect on earnings management, profitability has no and negative effect on earnings management, firm size has an insignificant and negative effect on earnings management, corporate tax has a significant and positive effect on earnings management, corporate governance weakens the interaction effect of leverage and profitability of earnings management in the sense of earnings management is decreasing. Corporate governance cannot moderate firm size and corporate tax on earnings management.
Accountability and Resource Management: Building Blocks towards National Prosperity
Authors: Chukwuebuka Orajekwe Jerry , Obioma Osuji Onyekachi , Okenwa Ogbodo Cyprian
Published: February 2022

Nigeria is a country with an abundance of human and natural resources, yet over forty percent of the population of Nigeria live in poverty. The appalling, pathetic and depressing condition of high rate of poverty in Nigeria cannot be separated from the absence of accountability and on government’s ineptitude and lack of prudence in the expenditure and management of resources.  The study examined the effect of accountability and resource management on national prosperity. The research work adopted the use of descriptive survey research design. Primary data sourced from administering questionnaires to Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) in South East Nigeria was collated. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis and one sampled t-test tool were utilized in analyzing the data. The study revealed that accountability and effective resource management has a positive impact on the prosperity of a nation. The study also posited that a transition from poverty to national prosperity has higher likelihood of actualization when there are bedrocks or building blocks in place for sustainable economic growth through having good accountability and resource management. Therefore, the study recommends a consolidation of existing financial controls for improved accountability in the public sector in Nigeria and that accounting records should be prepared in line with the IPSAS.
Industrial Harmony: Antidote to Workplace Deviant Behaviour among Lecturers in Nigeria
Authors: Uzoamaka Ndubuisi-Okolo Purity , Chinedu Onyeizugbe , Ifeoma Anekwe Rita
Published: February 2022

The rampant deviant workplace behaviours among members of teaching personnel of universities have become critical issue both in academic discuss and society at large. The abnormal, unacceptable and inimical act jeopardizes the socio-economic, psychological and physical well-being of students in tertiary institutions as they could mar their future and cause distortions in their academic calendars thus warranting an empirical investigation to address the anomaly. This study, therefore, examines industrial harmony as an antidote to workplace deviant behavior among lecturers in Nigeria. The study specifically examines influence of collective bargaining variables construct on production deviant behavior among teaching personnel in institutions of high learning in Nigeria using descriptive and inferential statistics tools with sample of 290 participants from purposively selected universities in Nigeria. Findings of the study revealed that all the variables (wages, safety and health, management right, working conditions and fringe benefits) included the model exhibited a very powerful influence on workplace misbehaviour among lecturers in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This is explained using coefficient of determination (R2) and the F–test. The combined effect of the explanatory variables-independent variables-in the model accounts for 0.860 or 86% of the changes in the workplace deviant behaviour among lecturers in Nigeria. It indicates that 75.0% of the changes in workplace misbehaviour among teaching staff in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This means that only 14% of the variations in workplace misbehaviour among lecturers in tertiary institutions in Nigeria is attributable to many independent variables not embedded in the model. Therefore, it is critically important that the government addresses all matters affecting the wages, safety and health, management right, working conditions and fringe benefits of teaching staff union of universities in line with international best practices in the ongoing collective bargaining with the academic staff. This will aid in drastically reducing the production of deviant behaviour among lecturers in tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern in Otomycosis among Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Oparaodu Ureh Annabel , Da Lilly-Tariah Opubo Benedict , Warriso Kennedy
Published: February 2022

Antifungal resistance is one of the factors considered to hamper effective treatment of otomycosis. Consequently, this study was aimed at isolating etiological agent for otomycosis among patients that visited University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from June 2017 to June 2018 and carry out antifungal susceptibility testing with the isolates. Ear swab from 120 patients and 120 control group was aseptically collected. Nystatin, voriconazole and fluconazole were used for antifungal susceptibility testing by agar diffusion method. Isolation and identification of fungal isolates was by Standard microbiological methods. From our result, fungi were isolated from ear swab of 34 patients and 5 from the control. The isolates and their frequency of occurrence are Candida sp. (61.8%), Aspergillus sp. (23.5%) and Penicillium sp. (8.8%), while Candida albicans was the only isolate seen among the control group. Susceptibility result revealed that Candida sp. and Penicillium sp. as being sensitive to voriconazole. (76.9%) and fluconazole (66.7%) respectively. Findings from this study underscore the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing before treatment of otomycosis in order to achieve high success rate thereby reduce cases of antifungal resistance.
An Application of Single and Multi-server Exponential Queuing Model in Some Selected Hospitals of the North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Shamsuddeen , Sani Burodo Muhammad , Ahmed Zubairu
Published: February 2022

Time spent by patients to get service at the hospital is becoming a major source of concern to health care providers. The results of keeping patients waiting for too long in a queue in order to assess medical services may put them in so many inconveniences or at times can lead to congestion. Also, providing too much service capacity to operate a system incurs excessive cost. But not providing enough service capacity results in excessive waiting time and cost. This brings the need to strike a balance between excessive waiting time and cost. To achieve this, multi-server exponential queuing system was adopted and applied. The queuing performance characteristics were calculated with help of Microsoft Excel package. The data for this study were collected from eight hospitals across Katsina, Kaduna, Sokoto and Zamfara States in North-Western Nigeria through observations and personal interview. The results reveal that the General hospital Hunkuyi is the busiest because it has recorded the highest utilization factor as well as the highest number of patients in the queue. However, Ahmadau Bello University, Teaching hospital, Zaria is the least busy hospital and Federal medical centre, Katsina has the lowest number of patients in the queue.
Assessment of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) Accumulation in Different Organs of Commercially Important Fish Species Collected from Chattogram Coastal Region of Bangladesh.
Authors: Siddiqua Afifa , Ahmed Sk Istiaque , Mazed Maria Al , Popy Zannatun Nur , Islam Md. Ashraful , Quader Md. Fahad Bin
Published: February 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there are any significant toxic effects of the widely exposed metals on different organs (gill, liver, kidney, and muscle) of some commercially important marine fish species (Herpodon nehereus, Pampus chinensis and Hilsa ilisha).

Study Design: The collection of the samples was done from January to March 2018 from Bay of Bengal near Chattogram city of Bangladesh. The study is based on randomly collected samples from the intended sampling sites (Randomized Block Design) to ensure the evenness and unbiases of the collected samples.

Methodology: Analyses were performed for metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). During each month, five individuals each with three replications from the three targeted species were collected, with a total of 135 (45*3) fishes in the study period.

Results: The concentrations of the metals found in the fishes varied in the following ranges: As: 0.029-0.071 ppm, Pb: 0.008-0.083 ppm and Cr: 0.0001-0.03 ppm. The obtained result revealed the highest concentrations of all three metals were recorded in H.nehereus fish. The organ wise lead concentration was recorded highest in kidneys and gills of examined fishes with significant variation in muscles and liver. The scenario depicted quite differently in case of chromium where concentration in gills was found to be the highest with insignificant variation in accumulation in other three organs. In case of Arsenic, kidneys and livers were the most exposed two organs in comparison to significant exposure to muscles and gills. The obtained values of arsenic accumulation were considered critical for human consumption as it was higher than the recommended values stated by WHO and FAO; but the concentration of lead and chromium were found to be safe for human consumption. The values recorded for lead were increasingly approached to the safety values.

Conclusion: So, crucial steps should be taken regarding safety and environmentally friendly discharge of arsenic and lead; high levels of pollution will not only affect aquatic life but will also invite socio-economic disasters.
Lymphedema in Mexico: A Clinical and Epidemiological Overview
Authors: Montoya Luis L. , Cabanillas Yucari L. , Aguirre Joceline S. , Luna Claudia , Alcaraz Itzel , D. Lopez Angel
Published: February 2022

Background: There is insufficient clear epidemiological and clinical knowledge about lymphedema patient’s population in Mexico, this limits its investigation. The objective of this study is to present basic lymphedema epidemiological data and its clinical characteristics based on the analysis of lymphedema patients’ data collected from a specialized rehabilitation clinic in Mexico.

Methods: This is a cohort study developed between 2015 and 2021. The study was carried ou in a private clinic specialized in oncological and peripheral vascular patients’ rehabilitation. Clinical assessments and interviews were performed to collect each case’s clinical history, considering its medical characteristics, physical activity and functionality and socio-demographic information, classified in a matrix, and later statistically evaluated.

Results: Among 446 lymphedema patients, gender distribution was represented by 81% female and 19% male with a mean age of 50.5 years (±44.5). The population was categorized into the following three different study groups according to diagnosis: Cancer-Related Lymphedema (CRL), Non-Cancer-Related Secondary Lymphedema (NCRSL) and Primary Lymphedema. 60.08% of the patients had CRL; 25.11% had NCRSL and 14.79% had Primary Lymphedema. Among the patients with CRL, 81% of them corresponded to breast cancer diagnosis, the rest were associated to 19 different cancer diagnoses. The most prevalent diagnosis was breast CRL 48.6%; phlebolymphedema 19.4%; congenital and praecox lymphedema 14.1%; lipo-lymphedema 4.8%. The BMI of 64% of the patients ranged in overweight and obesity. 37.6% of patients reported that had experienced pain in limbs affected by lymphedema and 45% of all patients reported some disability to perform one or more activities associated to their limb volume or limb discomfort. 82% of patients had no physical activity or performed less physical activity than what is suggested to their population group’s recommendation.

Conclusion: This study stablishes a precedent on reporting the broadest available epidemiological and clinical data of lymphedema in Mexico. Further studies are needed to report with a higher precision the epidemiological, clinical, and demographical data about each etiological group for a better understanding of lymphedema in Mexico and Latin America.
Improving the Building Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort through the Design of Walls in Compressed Earth Blocks of Agricultural and Biopolymer Residues Masonry
Authors: Malbila Etienne , Delvoie Simon , Toguyeni David , Courard Luc , Attia Shady
Published: February 2022

Buildings should be assessed in their energy behaviour to identify the most suitable construction material for the climatic context. This paper studies the influence of construction materials for the wall in housing hygrothermal behavior and energy efficiency. Three types of construction material for the wall, which are CSEB of fonio straw and Shea butter cakes, cement blocks, and cut laterite blocks were selected and the building design was modeled in the DesignBuilder interface. The thermal comfort and total amount of energy required for building cooling were calculated using dynamic modelling using EnergyPlus software. The simulation was run according to the meteorological parameters of Ouagadougou city and we noted that the housing thermal behaviour is impacted by the wall in earth-based. The results show that the number of warm thermal discomfort hours and the cooling energy loads are respectively reduced by an average rate of 10.60% and 93.86% in housing with the wall in CSEB of fonio straw and Shea butter residue masonry, in comparison with the wall in cement or cut laterite blocks masonry. In terms of the indoor environment, the effect of this wall in earth-based makes it possible to maintain an average internal temperature and indoor operating temperature respectively at 28.64°C and 25.82°C. The average indoor temperature peaks damping is achieved to 6.54°C (i.e. 22.83%). It is thus noted that these CSEB walls are an efficient contribution to sustainable dwelling construction in a hot region.
E-Health Readiness of Healthcare Providers in Ghana: A Qualitative Comparative Study of Two Hospitals in Accra
Authors: Botchwey Charles Owusu-Aduomi , Afful Boateng Agartha , Opoku Richmond , Acquah Francis , Baidoo Michael Afari
Published: February 2022

E-health has become an innovation of interest in many healthcare organisations due to its numerous advantages. This study aimed at empirically assessing the nature of e-health in LEKMA Hospital and Nyaho Medical Centre and examined the factors that determined e-health readiness. LEKMA Hospital is a public facility while Nyaho Medical Centre is a private facility. The study used a qualitative design and a comparative approach through the use of interviews and focus group discussions to collect qualitative data from 32 healthcare staff in the two facilities. The study found that Nyaho Medical Centre had an advanced system that runs effectively and efficiently compared to the LEKMA Hospital. Also, core/technological, structural, and societal issues determined e-health readiness in health facilities. In effect, we recommend among other things that government must invest in the technological infrastructure of public hospitals. This is necessary for these facilities to deliver healthcare that is efficient, accelerated, and based on improved information-sharing abilities.
Nutrient and Anti-diabetic Activity of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum Leaf Extract on Allaxon Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Pandey S. , Verma V. , Srivastava K. , Yadav Ranjeet K.
Published: February 2022

Azadirecta indica (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant, commonly known as ‘Neem’ and distributed randomly in the whole of India. Corriandrum sativum belongs to the family of Apiaceae was considered to be native from Asia and Africa and known locally in Sudan as Kazbra. Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum extract have been studied for therapeutic possessions. The nutrient parameters and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis in the leaves of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum were studied and also the antihyperglycemic activity of hydro alcoholic extract. An acute oral toxicity study was carried out in healthy male Wister rats (100 g). Diabetic rats were orally and daily administrated of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of A. indica and C. sativum at the different doses (200-400 mg/kg. b.w) with anti-diabetic reference drug (metformin). After 21st days of treatment, level of blood glucose, as well as Albumin, Protein, Creatinine, Urea and Uric acid were significantly decreased when compared with the diabetic control. These plant fruit extract will be subjected for further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for against antidiabetic. Ethanol leaf extract of Azadirecta indica effect was confirmed minerals such as sodium (Na), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co) and iorn (Fe) were decreases of the respect of Corriandrum sativum. The results was indicated that the hydro alcoholic extract from leaves of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum showed the reduced blood glucose and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum leaf compared to diabetic control rats. These observed strongly suggest that hydro alcoholic extract could act as a source of functional compounds for the control of diabetes mellitus.
Impact of Different Enriched Nitrogen Sources on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Transplanted Rice
Authors: Reddy N. Prathap , Bhushan Rao Ch. Bharat , Surekha K. , Hussain S. A.
Published: February 2022

A research trail was executed during kharif -2018 to know the effect of different nitrogen enriched sources on nitrogen use efficiency in transplanted rice. The results showed that highest Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) (29.8), Physiological Efficiency (PEN) (103.8), Apparent Recovery Efficiency (AREN) (59%) and Agro Physiological Efficiency (APEN) (50.30) was recorded with application of 100% RDN through neem coated urea (T7). Highest Partial Nutrient Balance (PNBN) (1.08) and Partial Factor Productivity (PFPN) (60.99) were achieved with application of 75% RDN through neem coated urea.
Management of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) Disease using Chemical Insecticides and Bio-pesticides
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Rani Nidhika , Prasad S. M.
Published: February 2022

Field trials were conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 crop seasons to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides and bio-pesticides for the management of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease, which is naturally spread by vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The mean of two-year data showed that the, lowest disease incidence and the least number of whiteflies were recorded in Imidacloprid (17.8% SL) treated plots. Fifteen days after the 1st spray and 2nd spray of the Imidacloprid (17.8% SL), recorded 17.09% & 18.15% disease incidence, respectively, as compared to control 47.45%. As well as imidacloprid treated plot documented the least number of whiteflies 3.10/plant five days after 1st spray and 3.32/plant five days after 2nd spray as compared to control 7.57 and 7.60 respectively.  It also offers maximum reduction of whiteflies 61.75% which consequently resulted in higher grain yield (9.10 q/ha). In bio-pesticides, Beauveria bassiana @ 0.5% and Neem Oil @ 3ml/lit, were found to be moderately effective in managing the disease incidence and the population of whiteflies, 22.82 and 25.11 per cent disease incidence recorded at 15 days after first spray and 25.32 and 26.73 per cent at 15 days after second spray.
Impact of Different Fertilizer Sources on Nutrient Uptake in Coriander for Kymore Platueau and Satpura Hills of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Dadiga Ashwini
Published: February 2022

Coriander is an important spice crop grown through out the world. As organic manures tend to reduce the cost of cultivation and supplement the crop with essential nutrients for growth and development of the plant hence the present study the effect of different fertilizers and their doses on nutrient uptake in coriander variety JD-1 was conducted at Horticulture complex, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) in the year 2011-2012. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments. Viz fertility levels 100% RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers) (N50P30K60 kg ha-ˡ) and 50% RDF (N25P15K30 kg ha-ˡ) in combinations with organic manures Viz FYM (Farm yard manure) 20 tonnes/ha-ˡ and 10 tonnes/ha-ˡ, Poultry manure 5 tonnes/ha-ˡ and 2.5 tonnes/ha-ˡ, Vermicompost 5 tonnes/ha-ˡ and 2.5 tonnes/ha-ˡ. Among the organic manures, the maximum nitrogen uptake (47.47 kg ha-1) was observed in poultry manure 5 t ha -1,while the minimum nitrogen uptake (34.08 kg ha-1) in FYM 10 t ha -1.The maximum phosphorus uptake (31.63 kg ha-1) was found in poultry manure 5 t ha -1, while it was minimum (26.20 kg ha-1) in vermicompost 2.5 t ha -1. Potassium uptake was maximum (16.11kg ha-1) in vermicompost 5 t ha -1, while it was minimum (15. 19 kg ha-1) in FYM 10 t ha -1. With regard to fertilizer levels maximum nitrogen (43.91 kg ha-1), phosphorus (30.92 kg ha-1), and potash (15.92 kg ha-1 ) uptake was found with 100% RDF. While it was minimum (37.16 kg ha-1, 26.10 kg ha-1 and 15.13 kg ha-1 respectively) with 50% RDF. In case of interaction effect, the maximum nitrogen (51.96 kg ha-1 ) and phosphorous (34.90 kg ha-1) uptake was in treatment T5 (Poultry manure 5 t ha -1 + 100% RDF) while maximum potassium uptake (16.48 kg ha-1) was found in T9 (Vermicompost 5 t ha -1+ 100% RDF). However, the lowest (14.76 kg ha-1) potassium uptake was found with treatment T4 (FYM 10 t ha -1 + 50% RDF). Hence it is concluded that maxium nutrient uptake is noticed in treatment consisting of Poultry manure 5 t ha -1 along with 100% RDF as compared to other treatments in coriander JD-1.
Modeling to Reduce the Indoor Air Pollution in Dhaka: An Evidence from Randomized Experiment of NASA Recommended Plants
Authors: Sarker M. Mizanur Rahman , Sammy Hasan , Khan Maruf , Akhtar Nahid
Published: February 2022

Spider plant (Chlorophytum elatum), Snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata), Dracaena (Dracaena marginata) and Aloe vera (Aloe vera) are selected to conduct the experiment because which is the National Aeronautics Space Administration NASA recommended plants that are available in Bangladesh. In this study Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQI) is estimated by using seven parameters such that PM2.5, PM10, CO2/PPM, Formaldehyde, Volatile organic compounds, Temperature and Humidity. Dracaena has significantly impact to reduce PM2.5 after one month later 36.00 to 28.33. Also Dracaena and Aloe vera have significantly impact to reduce PM10 after one month later (46.00 to 36.33) and (21.33 to 44.33 to 32.67) respectively. Results showed that the more decreasing rate of CO2/PPM is recorded from Spider plant about 622 to 620 then 615. Another finding is that the highest rate of change of formaldehyde is planting Aloe vera (24%). The results of VOC obtained from Spider plant (0.290 to 0.204 to 0.178) gave positive results compared to other plants. Effects of different types of plants showed significant differences on room temperature. The highest rate of change of temperature (6%) is recorded from Snake plants and Aloe vera. The highest increasing rate of change of humidity (7.3%) is recorded from Snake plants. One month later after plantation, the sub indices of major four pollutants such that PM2.5, PM10, CO2/PPM and Formaldehyde are similar without CO2/PPM. Sub indices of PM2.5 are less than 50 and one is near to fifty. The lowest score of sub indices of HCHO (less than 40) is recorded from Spider plants (25) whereas the statistically followed is obtained from PM10. Aggregation of sub indices to get the overall IAQI by maximum operator method IAQI = Max (Isi1, Isi2, Isi3, Isi4) because a health based index cannot be combined or weighted. Finally results shows that  IAQI of this study one month later after plantation for each type of plants are satisfactory but not good.
Seed Yield and Economic Returns in Coriander in Relation to Different Nutrient Combinations
Authors: Dadiga Ashwini
Published: February 2022

Organic manures along with the chemical fertilizers tend to reduce the total cost of cultivation and supplement the crop with the essential nutrients for growth and development of the plant. In view of this an experiment was conducted in coriander during winter season of 2012-13 at college of agriculture, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to assess the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient with different levels on various parameters of coriander. Results with regard to various levels of organic manures shows that poultry manure 5 t ha-1 produced the maximum number of umbels per plant (33.67), the maximum number of umbellets per umbel (7.06), maximum number of seeds per umbel (33.69), maximum weight of seeds per umbel (0.44g), maximum number of seeds per plant (603.75) and significant maximum seed yield per plant (6.09 g), seed yield per plot (1.85 kg) and seed yield per hectare (17.30 q). Results in relation to fertilizer levels shows that the maximum number of umbels per plant (33.46), maximum number of umbellets per umbel(7.04), maximum number of seeds per umbel (33.29), maximum weight of seeds per umbel (0.45 g), maximum seed yield per plant (6.01g), yield per plot (1.87kg) and seed yield per hectare (17.53 q) were recorded with 100% RDF. Results in relation to interaction effect of different treatments shows that, the significant maximum number of umbels per plant (36.27), maximum number of umbellets per umbel(7.71), maximum number of seeds per umbel (36.74), maximum weight of seeds per umbel (0.49 g), maximum number of seeds per plant (701.97) and the significant maximum seeds yield per plant (7.14g), seed yield per plot (2.04 kg) and seed yield hectare (19.16 q) were observed in poultry manure 5 t ha-1 + 100% RDF. The highest net return and cost benefit ratio 1: 2.98 with treatment combination T5 (Poultry manure 5 t ha-1 + 100% RDF).
Heterosis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Earliness and Heat Tolerant Traits over the Environments
Authors: Kumari A. , Sharma H. , Dashora A.
Published: February 2022

The present study was carried out in 9 diverse parents, their 36 hybrids and 2 checks evaluated during Rabi 2020-21 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Mpuat, Udaipur in RBD with three replications in three different environments in wheat for earliness and heat tolerant traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, leaf canopy temperature, total protein content in grains, heat injury, proline content and total chlorophyll content on pooled basis. The pooled analysis for above characters revealed that mean squares due to environments, genotypes, parents, crosses as well as parents v/s. crosses were significant indicating presence of overall heterosis for the traits. Out of thirty six crosses 5 crosses viz., GJW 463 x RAJ 4120, DBW 173 x RAJ 4120, GJW 463 x DBW 173, GW 451 x LOK 1 and DBW 173 x RAJ 3777 were found superior with maximum significant heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for heat tolerant traits and earliness over the environments. These genotypes could be used to maintain transgressive segregants in future breeding programme.
Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole with Bacillus thuringiensis against Maize Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Gowtham V. , Muthuswami M. , Sathiah N. , Geetha S. , Varanavasiappan S. , Uma D.
Published: February 2022

Use of synthetic insecticides for the management of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) for a longer period will led to development of insecticide resistance. Identification of an eco-friendly synergistic agent to enhance the toxicity potential and reduced pesticide use as well become mandatory in due process. Hence the present study was formulated to find the single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against the 2nd and 3rd larval instars of S. frugiperda. Single toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 0.87 and 1.52 ppm (LC25); 4.08 and 6.50 ppm (LC50), respectively. With respect to Bt, single toxicity against 2nd and 3rd larval instars were 474.39 and 693.48 ppm (LC25); 1008.62 and 1228.62 ppm (LC50), respectively. Combination effect of chlorantraniliprole with Bt revealed that 2nd instar of FAW showed supplemental synergism at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt. In the case of LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt, LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt and LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt combinations, they showed sub additive synergism. In 3rd instar larvae, the combined toxicity results were similar for all the combinations of chlorantraniliprole + Bt except LC25 of chlorantraniliprole + LC50 of Bt where it showed an antagonistic synergism. Activity of Carboxyl Esterase (CarE), Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were found to be lesser in chlorantraniliprole LC50 + Bt LC25 combinations than single toxicity treatments. Therefore, combined use of chlorantraniliprole with Bt at LC50 of chlorantraniliprole + LC25 of Bt had supplemental synergism on fall armyworm under laboratory condition.
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek): Progress in Breeding and Future Challenges
Authors: Kumar Anil , Yadav P. , Seema . , Kumar R. R. , Kushwaha A. , Rashid Md. H. , Tarannum N. , Chakraborty S.
Published: February 2022

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is a short duration farmer preferred warm-season pulse crop. The crop has shown a balanced growth worldwide, especially in developing countries. Mungbean being a great source of protein with higher folate and iron levels attracts high demand and price on the market making the farmers happy and satisfied. Moreover, it can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it perfect for rice based cropping systems and intercropping with other crops. Despite having so many benefits, mungbean has been a neglected crop compared to other pulses with limited efforts aiming at its breeding and development. Higher productivity, breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses resistance and nutritional quality improvement are future challenges for mungbean breeders. Several researchers are working in the direction of collecting and maintaining mungbean genetic resources. Mutation breeding and genetic engineering has also been enhanced in mungbean varietal improvement. Genomic information is limited compared to other legume species. However, the recent successful sequencing of mungbean genome has opened new vistas into the crop’s R&D. It is a self-pollinated pulse with small genome size, which could be used as a model for studying other legumes. Mungbean breeders at present times aim to identify useful alleles from diverse germplasm and markers closely associated with desirable traits. The high-throughput marker genotyping system has now made it feasible to pinpoint the exact gene locations and mutations contributing target phenotypes. In this review we present the current status of conventional and molecular breeding of  the crop and summary of efforts in the utilization of genetic information and genomic resources for further mungbean improvement.
The Role of Weather in the Spread of Lassa Fever in Parts of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Nchom Joyce Imara , Abubakar A. S. , Arimoro F. O. , Mohammed B. Y.
Published: February 2022

This study employed multiple regression analysis to evaluate the impact of weather variables (relative humidity, rainfall amount and maximum temperature) on the reported number of Lassa fever cases and to assess the strength of relationship between same for thirteen states in northern Nigeria (Adamawa, Bauchi, Jigawa, Borno, Kaduna, Katsina, Kano, Kebbi, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara and Gombe states) over a five-year period (2016-2020). Secondary data on Lassa fever disease and weather variables were described on a weekly basis from the data base of the Nigeria Centre for disease control (NCDC) as well as weather variables from the National Aeronautics Space Administration, U.S.A. (NASA).  The study seeks to establish the role of weather in the occurrence of Lassa fever in parts of Northern Nigeria and also to evaluate the impact of these weather variables on the occurrence of the disease. The study reveals that these weather variables accounted for 70% (r2=0.70) of the cases of Lassa fever reported in Northern Nigeria. It occurred all year round but cases peaked during the dry months, from December to March where relative humidity is low and rainfall amount small. At confidence level of 0.05, there was a significant (p=0.000) strong positive correlation of r=0.83 between Lassa fever cases and weather variables. Of the three weather parameters, maximum temperature had a weak positive and insignificant (p=0.3) relationship with Lassa fever while relative humidity and rainfall had strong and moderate negative relationships of r = -0.7 and r = -0.5 respectively which were both significant at (r2=0.000).  In conclusion, there is need to cultivate sufficient preparedness strategies in order to cope with the burden to ensure general wellbeing of people resident in these affected areas using these weather parameters.
Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Bacteria in Stool Samples of Adult Patients Attending Dutsin-Ma General Hospital, Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Saleh Khalifa Jamil , Umar Anas , Abdullahi Hannatu Idris
Published: February 2022

Enteric infections and diarrheal diseases (EIDD) pose serious threats to human health globally, closely associated with poor environmental sanitation, poor water supply and unhygienic nature of individuals, which are common in developing countries. Viruses and Parasites are the major microbial agents known to cause Diarrhea and Bacteria especially Escherichia coli, Salmonella Spp. and Shigella Spp. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species among adults attending Dutsin-Ma General Hospital, Katsina State, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates to commonly prescribed antibiotics against them. A total of 30 fresh diarrheic samples were collected from the study participants, 17 samples from male and 13 from female participants in sterile sample containers between May and July, 2021. The samples were put in ice packed container and then transported to the laboratory of the Microbiology Department, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma for processing and analyses. Out of the 30 samples examined, 29 (96.67%) were found to be positive, 16(53.33%) E. coli and 13(43.33%) Salmonella species, respectively. The result of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that both E. coli and Salmonella species had highest resistance to ampicillin but were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol, hence, it could be used as a best drug of choice for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by the pathogens.
Effects of Diclofenac on the Oxidative Stress Parameters of Freshwater Fish Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Chukwuebuka Eze Christabel , Nwamba Helen Ogochukwu , Uchenna Omeje Festus , Anukwu John Uchenna , Okpe Martins Nnamdi , Didigwu Nwani Christopher
Published: February 2022

The indiscriminate use and abuse of pharmaceuticals have led to pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment which has been receiving great attention since significant levels of contamination have been found. The present study investigated the acute and sub-lethal effects of a pharmaceutical drug diclofenac on oxidative stress parameters and the recovery ability in O. niloticus. The juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of diclofenac to determine the 96 h LC50. The results indicated that diclofenac was toxic to O. niloticus with a 96 h LC50 of 0.489mg/L. The percentage mortality increased as the concentrations increased.  Fish were exposed to a control (0.00 mg/L) and three sub-lethal concentrations of 0.48, 0.32, and 0.25 mg/L of diclofenac for 28 days and allowed to recover for 7 days. The result of the sub-lethal test indicated that the responses were dose and duration dependent. The oxidative stress results showed significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in the values of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione but reduction in catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver of the exposed fish. Many of the oxidative parameters were found to be restored after the 7-day recovery period. These results showed that diclofenac exposure had a profound negative influence on the selected indices of O. niloticus.