bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous ventilation anesthesia combined with uniportal and tubeless thoracoscopic sympathectomy in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Shao Guang-Qiang , Pang Da-Zhi , Zhang Ji-Tian , Wang Hong-Xia , Liuru Tai-Yang , Liu Zhi-Hai , Liang Ya-Nan , Liu Jing-Si
Published: July 2022

Background

To assess the feasibility and safety of tubeless video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) with a single 5 mm port under nonintubated, intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation in selected patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH).

Methods

Adults (aged between 18 and 60 years) with moderate or severe PPH symptoms were enrolled. Demographic information and clinical data were obtained from 172 consecutive patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for PPH from March 2014 to December 2020. The primary outcomes were the rate of complications, including death, and the intraoperative conversion rate to 3-port VATS. The secondary outcomes were the conversion rate to intubated anesthesia during the operation and the surgical duration and pain score of postoperative day 0.

Results

In total, 172 patients were included with 88 males and 84 females. The median age was was 25 years (IQR:21–30 years). No mortalities or major morbidities occurred in any patient. The overall median surgical duration was 53 min (IQR:37–72 min). The median length of postoperative hospital stay was one day (IQR:one–one day). The median pain score of POD0 was 2 (IQR:2–2). Intraoperative conversion to 3-port VATS followed by drainage tube insertion occurred in one (0.6%) patient due to extensive pleural adhesions. No patients required conversion to intubated anesthesia during surgery. No postoperative mechanical ventilation was noted in any patient.

Conclusions

For selected patients with PPH, tubeless VATS with a single 5 mm port using spontaneous ventilation anesthesia can be considered a feasible and safe operation. The surgical wound is extremely small and the operation time is shorter than the conventional technique.

Trial registration This study was in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the National Ethics Committee of the University of the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (Approval number: [2020]70). We registered the study in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2100049063) in 2021.Informed consent was collected from all the participants of this study. URL for this clinical trial registration is: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
Novel digital approaches to the assessment of problematic opioid use
Authors: Freda Philip J. , Kranzler Henry R. , Moore Jason H.
Published: July 2022

The opioid epidemic continues to contribute to loss of life through overdose and significant social and economic burdens. Many individuals who develop problematic opioid use (POU) do so after being exposed to prescribed opioid analgesics. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify and classify risk factors for POU. In this review, we discuss the etiology of POU and highlight novel approaches to identifying its risk factors. These approaches include the application of polygenic risk scores (PRS) and diverse machine learning (ML) algorithms used in tandem with data from electronic health records (EHR), clinical notes, patient demographics, and digital footprints. The implementation and synergy of these types of data and approaches can greatly assist in reducing the incidence of POU and opioid-related mortality by increasing the knowledge base of patient-related risk factors, which can help to improve prescribing practices for opioid analgesics.
Detecting cell-of-origin and cancer-specific methylation features of cell-free DNA from Nanopore sequencing
Authors: Katsman Efrat , Orlanski Shari , Martignano Filippo , Fox-Fisher Ilana , Shemer Ruth , Dor Yuval , Zick Aviad , Eden Amir , Petrini Iacopo , Conticello Silvestro G. , Berman Benjamin P.
Published: July 2022

The Oxford Nanopore (ONT) platform provides portable and rapid genome sequencing, and its ability to natively profile DNA methylation without complex sample processing is attractive for point-of-care real-time sequencing. We recently demonstrated ONT shallow whole-genome sequencing to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) from the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) of cancer patients. Here, we show that cell type and cancer-specific methylation changes can also be detected, as well as cancer-associated fragmentation signatures. This feasibility study suggests that ONT shallow WGS could be a powerful tool for liquid biopsy.

Graphical Abstract
Lateral versus conventional fasciotomy for prevention of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury in total hip arthroplasty with direct anterior approach: a study protocol for a dual-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tanabe Hiroki , Baba Tomonori , Ozaki Yu , Yanagisawa Naotake , Banno Sammy , Watari Taiji , Homma Yasuhiro , Nagao Masashi , Kaneko Kazuo , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: July 2022

Background

An incision for total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA) is generally made outside of the space between the sartorius and tensor fasciae latae muscles to prevent lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury. Anatomical studies have revealed that the LFCN courses between the sartorius and tensor fasciae latae muscles. When the LFCN branches radially while distributing in the transverse direction from the sartorius muscle to the tensor fasciae latae muscle, it is called the fan type. Studies suggest that damage to the fan type LFCN is unavoidable during conventional fasciotomy.

We previously demonstrated that injury to non-fan variation LFCN occurred in 28.6% of patients who underwent THA by fasciotomy performed 2 cm away from the intermuscular space. This suggests that the conventional approach also poses a risk of LFCN injury to non-fan variation LFCN. LFCN injury is rarely reported in the anterolateral approach, which involves incision of fascia further away than the DAA. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the position of fasciotomy in DAA affects the risk of LFCN injury.

Methods

We will conduct a prospective, randomized, controlled study. All patients will be divided into a fan variation and a non-fan variation group using ultrasonography before surgery. Patients with non-fan variation LFCN will receive conventional fasciotomy and lateral fasciotomy in the order specified in the allocation table created in advance by our clinical trial center. The primary endpoint will be the presence of LFCN injury during an outpatient visit using a patient-based questionnaire. The secondary endpoints will be assessed based on patient-reported outcomes at 3 months after surgery in an outpatient setting using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-disease Evaluation Questionnaire, and the Forgotten-Joint Score-12.

Discussion

We hypothesize that the incidence of LFCN injury due to DAA-THA is reduced by making the incision further away from where it is typically made in conventional fasciotomy.

If our hypothesis is confirmed, it will reduce the disadvantages of DAA and improve patient satisfaction.

Trial registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000035945. Registered on 20 February, 2019.
Geospatial distribution of relative cesarean section rates within the USA
Authors: Yerrabelli Rahul S. , Peterman Nicholas , Kaptur Bradley , Yeo Eunhae , Carpenter Kristine
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate the existence of statistically significant clusters of Cesarean section rates at the county level and assess the relationship of such clusters with previously implicated socioeconomic factors.

Results

County-level obstetrics data was extracted from March of Dimes, originally sourced from National Center for Health Statistics. County-level demographic data were extracted from the US Census Bureau. Access to obstetricians was extracted from National Provider Identifier records. Rural counties were identified using Rural Urban Commuting Area codes developed by the department of agriculture. The dataset was geospatially analyzed using Moran’s I statistic, a metric of local spatial autocorrelation, to identify clusters of increased or decreased Cesarean section rates. The American South, especially the Deep South, is a major cluster of increased Cesarean section rates. As a general but not absolute pattern, the American West and Midwest had lower Cesarean section rates than the Northeast. Focal areas of increased Cesarean section rates included the Kansas-Nebraska border, Michigan’s upper peninsula, and the New York City metropolitan area. The gross geospatial differences were not explained by rurality, obstetric access, or ethnic and racial factors alone.
Differences in endosomal Rab gene expression between positive and negative COVID-19 patients
Authors: Atik Nur , Wirawan Farruqi , Amalia Riezki , Khairani Astrid Feinisa , Pradini Gita Widya
Published: July 2022

Objective

SARS CoV-2, the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is well-known to use ACE2 to begin internalization. Some viruses enter the host cell through the endocytosis process and involve some endocytosis proteins, such as the Rab family. However, the relationship between SARS CoV-2 infection with endocytic mRNA RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B is unknown. This study aims to compare the expression of RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B between positive and negative COVID-19 patient groups.

Results

Both viral and human epithelial RNA Isolation and RT-PCR were performed from 249 samples. The genes expression was analysed using appropriate statistical tests. We found the Median (inter-quartile range/IQR) of RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B expression among the COVID-19 patient group was 2.99 (1.88), 0.17 (0.47), 0.47 (1.49), and 1.60 (2.88), 1.05 (2.49), 1.10 (3.96) among control group respectively. We proceeded with Mann Whitney U Test and found that RAB5 expression was significantly increased (P < 0.001), and RAB7 and RAB11B expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.001 and P = 0.036) in the COVID-19 patient group compared to the control group. This first report showed significant differences in RAB5, RAB7, and RAB11B exist between COVID-19 positive and negative patients.
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetic retinopathy by delivering NEDD4
Authors: Sun Fengtian , Sun Yuntong , Zhu Junyan , Wang Xiaoling , Ji Cheng , Zhang Jiahui , Chen Shenyuan , Yu Yifan , Xu Wenrong , Qian Hui
Published: July 2022

Background

As a leading cause of vision decline and severe blindness in adults, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by the aggravation of retinal oxidative stress and apoptosis in the early stage. Emerging studies reveal that mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) treatment represents a promising cell-free approach to alleviate ocular disorders. However, the repairing effects of MSC-sEV in DR remain largely unclear. This study aimed at exploring the role and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEV in hyperglycemia-induced retinal degeneration.

Methods

In vivo, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to establish diabetic rat model, followed by the intravitreal injection of MSC-sEV to determine the curative effect. The cell viability and antioxidant capacity of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells stimulated with high-glucose (HG) medium after MSC-sEV treatment were analyzed in vitro. By detecting the response of cell signaling pathways in MSC-sEV-treated RPE cells, we explored the functional mechanism of MSC-sEV. Mass spectrometry was performed to reveal the bioactive protein which mediated the role of MSC-sEV.

Results

The intravitreal injection of MSC-sEV elicited antioxidant effects and counteracted retinal apoptosis in STZ-induced DR rat model. MSC-sEV treatment also reduced the oxidative level and enhanced the proliferation ability of RPE cells cultured in HG conditions in vitro. Further studies showed that the increased level of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibited AKT phosphorylation and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression in RPE cells stimulated with HG medium, which could be reversed by MSC-sEV intervention. Through mass spectrometry, we illustrated that MSC-sEV-delivered neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) could cause PTEN ubiquitination and degradation, activate AKT signaling and upregulate NRF2 level to prevent DR progress. Moreover, NEDD4 knockdown impaired MSC-sEV-mediated retinal therapeutic effects.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that MSC-sEV ameliorated DR through NEDD4-induced regulation on PTEN/AKT/NRF2 signaling pathway, thus revealing the efficiency and mechanism of MSC-sEV-based retinal protection and providing new insights into the treatment of DR.
Public views on ethical issues in healthcare artificial intelligence: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Frost Emma Kellie , Bosward Rebecca , Aquino Yves Saint James , Braunack-Mayer Annette , Carter Stacy M.
Published: July 2022

Background

In recent years, innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of new healthcare AI (HCAI) technologies. Whilst some of these technologies show promise for improving the patient experience, ethicists have warned that AI can introduce and exacerbate harms and wrongs in healthcare. It is important that HCAI reflects the values that are important to people. However, involving patients and publics in research about AI ethics remains challenging due to relatively limited awareness of HCAI technologies. This scoping review aims to map how the existing literature on publics’ views on HCAI addresses key issues in AI ethics and governance.

Methods

We developed a search query to conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete from January 2010 onwards. We will include primary research studies which document publics’ or patients’ views on machine learning HCAI technologies. A coding framework has been designed and will be used capture qualitative and quantitative data from the articles. Two reviewers will code a proportion of the included articles and any discrepancies will be discussed amongst the team, with changes made to the coding framework accordingly. Final results will be reported quantitatively and qualitatively, examining how each AI ethics issue has been addressed by the included studies.

Discussion

Consulting publics and patients about the ethics of HCAI technologies and innovations can offer important insights to those seeking to implement HCAI ethically and legitimately. This review will explore how ethical issues are addressed in literature examining publics’ and patients’ views on HCAI, with the aim of determining the extent to which publics’ views on HCAI ethics have been addressed in existing research. This has the potential to support the development of implementation processes and regulation for HCAI that incorporates publics’ values and perspectives.
Implementation of falls risk evaluation at one-year after total hip arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Adebero Tony , Bobos Pavlos , Somerville Lyndsay , Howard James , Vasarhelyi Edward M. , Lanting Brent , Hunter Susan W.
Published: July 2022

Background

Research has demonstrated an increased risk of falls after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Yet, people’s knowledge on falls risk factors and how falls prevention strategies are being used after THA have not been examined. If a person’s knowledge of falls and self-efficacy about falls prevention strategies is low this would indicate a pressing need for interventions to lessen risk. The study objectives were: 1) to determine the falls knowledge and what fall prevention strategies people used after (THA) and 2) to determine the outcomes of a falls risk assessment at 12-months after unilateral THA.

Methods

Overall, 108 people completed the Falls Risk for Older People – Community Setting (FROP-Com) scale, a falls questionnaire (covered occurrence of falls, knowledge on falls risk factors, falls prevention strategies implemented after THA surgery), 6-m Walk Test (6mWT), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30CST), Timed-up and Go (TUG) Test, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC).

Results

Twenty-five (23.2%) people fell at least once in the 12 months after THA. Scores on the FROP-Com ranged from 2–20 with an average of 8.2 ± 3.6 indicating a mild falls risk. The importance of falling compared to other health concerns was rated as moderate to high (6.8 ± 2.9) and the majority of participants (n = 98, 90.7%) believed falls can be prevented after THA. Total scores on the ABC scale ranged from 30.6% to 100.0% with an average score of 84.4 ± 15.5%, indicating high function. Only 47 people (43.5%) reported receiving falls prevention education. A total of 101 falls prevention strategies were completed by 67 people (62%), the most common strategy was environmental modifications (e.g., installation of grab bars) at 37.4%, while exercise was mentioned by only 2%. The majority of people had functional deficits in 30CST (62%) and TUG (76.9%) at 12-months after unilateral THA.

Conclusions

Almost a quarter of the sample had experienced a fall in the 12-months after THA and functional deficits were common. The majority of the sample had proactively implemented falls prevention strategies after the surgery. Yet importantly, people after THA had limited exposure to falls prevention education and implemented a limited range of prevention strategies.
Anesthetic management of a patient with subclinical myasthenia gravis who underwent a thymectomy: a case report
Authors: Uchida Satoshi , Kudo Reiko , Takekawa Daiki , Hirota Kazuyoshi
Published: July 2022

Background

Some individuals with subclinical myasthenia gravis (MG) are positive for serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, without neurological symptoms. There are no anesthetic management guidelines for subclinical MG. We report the anesthetic management of a patient with subclinical MG who underwent a thymectomy.

Case presentation

A 57-year-old female with subclinical MG was scheduled for an extended thymectomy. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with mainly propofol and remifentanil. We administrated the minimum amount of rocuronium with reference to train-of-four (TOF) monitoring when a neuromuscular relaxant is needed. Although the prolonged effect of rocuronium was observed, the TOF ratio had already recovered to 100% before the tracheal extubation. Postoperative analgesia was performed by a continuous epidural infusion of levobupivacaine.

Conclusion

We reported the anesthetic management of a patient with subclinical MG who underwent a thymectomy. Further research is necessary to clarify subclinical MG patients' sensitivity to rocuronium.
Evaluation of repair bond strength with different methods for zirconia restorations
Authors: Galal Rami M. , Hamza Ghada E. , ElHotieby Menatallah M.
Published: July 2022

Background

The aim of the study is to assess the bonding of two repair methods for zirconia.

Null hypothesis

Repair of zirconia with Cojet (3M Cojet sand, 68,411) and clearfil (clearfil REPAIR Kuraray Japan) has the same effect on the bond strength of zirconia restorations. Zirconia blocks were sliced before sintering into 28 samples (inCorisZI mono L), surface treated with two repair methods (Cojet and clearfil) then bonded to composite. Storage and thermocycling was done then loaded under shear until failure. Shear bond strength was collected and statistically analyzed. Graph pad Instat (Graph Pad, Inc.) software for windows was used for analyzing results.

Results

It was found that COJ surface treatment recorded statistically non-significant higher shear bond strength mean value (8.45 ± 0.70 Mpa) than CLE surface treatment (7.67 ± 2.55 Mpa) as indicated by pairedt-test.

Conclusion

It was concluded that bond strength between composite resin and inCoris ZI mono L is the same in resistance to shear stresses after Cojet surface treatment and after Clearfil surface treatment.
Impact of a Clinical Genomics Program on Trial Accrual for Targeted Treatments: Practical Approach Overcoming Barriers to Accrual for Underserved Patients
Authors: Farhangfar Carol J. , Scarola Gregory T. , Morris Victoria A. , Farhangfar Farhang , Dumas Kathryn , Symanowski James , Hwang Jimmy J. , Mileham Kathryn F. , Carrizosa Daniel R. , Naumann R. Wendel , Livasy Chad , Kim Edward S. , Raghavan Derek
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Clinical trials of novel and targeted agents increasingly require biomarkers for eligibility. Precision oncology continues to evolve, but challenges hamper broad use of molecular profiling (MP) that could increase the number of patients benefiting from targeted therapy. We implemented an integrated clinical genomics program (CGP), including a virtual Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), and examined its impact on MP use and impact on clinical trial accrual in a multisite regional-based cancer system with an emphasis on effects for isolated clinicians.

METHODS

We assessed MP and MTB use from 2010 to 2020 by practice location, physician experience, and patient characteristics. Use of MTB-recommended treatments was assessed. Clinical trial enrollment was evaluated for patients with MP versus MP and MTB review.

RESULTS

After CGP implementation, the number of physicians using MP and the number of MP tests increased ≥ 10-fold. The proportion of Hispanic patients with MP was the same as that in the system (both 2%) with marginal differences observed in the proportion of African Americans tested compared with the system population (16% v 19%). Physicians followed MTB treatment recommendations in 74% of cases. Rapid clinical decline was the most common reason why physicians did not follow MTB recommendations. Clinical trial accrual was 15% (669 of 4,459) for patients with MP alone and 28% (94 of 334) with both MP and MTB review. Clinical trial availability and patient out-of-pocket costs affected MP use.

CONCLUSION

Integrating CGP into clinical workflow with decision support tools, trial matching, and management of patient costs led to increased use of MP by physicians with all levels of experience, enhanced clinical trial accrual, and has the potential to reduce disparities in MP.
Modern Radiotherapy Technology: Obstacles and Opportunities to Access in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Maitre Priyamvada , Krishnatry Rahul , Chopra Supriya , Gondhowiardjo Soehartati , Likonda Beda Mnamala , Hussain Qazi Mushtaq , Zubizarreta Eduardo H. , Agarwal Jai Prakash
Published: July 2022

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a large burden of cancer with differential population needs and outcomes compared to high-income countries. Access to radiotherapy, especially modern technology, is a major challenge. Modern radiotherapy has been demonstrated with better utility in overall cancer outcomes. We deliberate various challenges and opportunities unique to LMICs' set up for access to modern radiotherapy technology in the light of discussions and deliberations made during the recently concluded annual meeting of Tata Memorial Centre, India. We take examples available from various LMICs in this direction in our manuscript.
A Ten-Year Experience of Treating Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Rural Rwanda: Outcomes and Insights for a Changing Landscape
Authors: Morgan Jennifer , DeBoer Rebecca J. , Bigirimana Jean Bosco , Nguyen Cam , Ruhangaza Deogratias , Paciorek Alan , Mugabo Fred , Villaverde Chandler , Nsabimana Nicaise , Bihizimana Pascal , Umwizerwa Aline , Lehmann Leslie E. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Shyirambere Cyprien
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

In describing our ten-year experience with treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as part of the Glivec Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) in rural Rwanda, we evaluate (1) patient characteristics and treatment outcomes, (2) resource-adapted management strategies, and (3) the impact of diagnostic capacity development.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed all patients with BCR-ABL–positive CML enrolled in this GIPAP program between 2009 and 2018. Clinical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier methods, proportional hazards regression, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS

One hundred twenty-four patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 34 (range 8-81) years. On imatinib, 91% achieved complete hematologic response (CHR) after a median of 49 days. Seven (6%) and 12 (11%) patients had primary and secondary imatinib resistance, respectively. The 3-year overall survival was 80% (95% CI, 72 to 87) for the cohort, with superior survival in imatinib responders compared with those with primary and secondary resistance. The median time from imatinib initiation to CHR was 59 versus 38 days ( P = .040) before and after in-country diagnostic testing, whereas the median time to diagnosis ( P = .056) and imatinib initiation ( P = .170) was not significantly different.

CONCLUSION

Coupling molecular diagnostics with affordable access to imatinib within a comprehensive cancer care delivery program is a successful long-term strategy to treat CML in resource-constrained settings. Our patients are younger and have higher rates of imatinib resistance compared with historic cohorts in high-income countries. High imatinib resistance rates highlight the need for access to molecular monitoring, resistance testing, and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as systems to support drug adherence. Hematologic response is an accurate resource-adapted predictor of survival in this setting. Local diagnostic capacity development has allowed for continuous, timely CML care delivery in Rwanda.
Synchrony in directed connectomes
Authors: Crofts J. J. , Chuzhanova N. , Padmore A. , Nelson M. R.
Published: July 2022

Synchronisation plays a fundamental role in a variety of physiological functions, such as visual perception, cognitive function, sleep and arousal. The precise role of the interplay between local dynamics and directed cortical topology on the propensity for cortical structures to synchronise, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we study the impact that directed network topology has on the synchronisation properties of the brain by considering a range of species and parcellations, including the cortex of the cat and the Macaque monkey, as well as the nervous system of the C. elegans round worm. We deploy a Kuramoto phase model to simulate neural dynamics on the aforementioned connectomes, and investigate the extent to which network directionality influences distributed patterns of neural synchrony. In particular, we find that network directionality induces both slower synchronisation speeds and more robust phase locking in the presence of network delays. Moreover, in contrast to large-scale connectomes, we find that recently observed relations between resting state directionality patterns and network structure appear to break down for invertebrate networks such as the C. elegans connectome, thus suggesting that observed variations in directed network topology at different scales can significantly impact patterns of neural synchrony. Our results suggest that directionality plays a key role in shaping network dynamics and moreover that its exclusion risks simplifying neural activation dynamics in a potentially significant way.
Sacral Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for Treatment of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: A Technical Note and Review of the Literature
Authors: Safaee Michael M. , Scheer Justin K. , Lau Darryl , Fury Marissa , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Lumbosacral deformities are caused by high-grade spondylolisthesis, fractures, iatrogenic flat back, and other etiologies. The S1 pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) can facilitate reduction of spondylolisthesis and lower the pelvic incidence. There are limited reports on the indications and outcomes of this technique.

OBJECTIVE:

To present a technical description and literature review of the S1 PSO with video summary.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective review of a single case to highlight the use of S1 PSO for the treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis. A literature review was performed in accordance with STROBE guidelines.

RESULTS:

A 47-year-old woman presented with back and right leg pain related to grade 4 spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 with sagittal imbalance and lumbosacral kyphosis. She was taken for an L2-pelvis instrumented fusion with S1 PSO. Three days later, she was taken for an L4-5 and L5-S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion with the L5-S1 segmental plate. Her postoperative course was notable for right foot drop that resolved in 6 weeks. Postoperative x-rays showed successful reduction of spondylolisthesis with normal alignment and sagittal balance. Based on 6 studies involving 22 true sacral PSOs in the literature, the procedure carries a 27% risk of neurological deficit, typically in the form of L5 palsy.

CONCLUSION:

The S1 PSO is a technically challenging operation that has a unique role in the treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis. It carries a significant risk of L5 palsy and should be reserved for surgeons with experience performing complex 3-column osteotomies.
Resection of an Intradural Extramedullary Capillary Hemangioma in the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Srienc Anja I. , Mahlokozera Tatenda , Connor Michelle , Han Peng Cheng , Pennicooke Brenton
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Capillary hemangiomas are space-occupying lesions that rarely affect the central nervous system. When they present within the spinal canal, they can cause insidious symptoms and threaten neurological function. In this study, we present a case of an intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma of the lumbar spine, discuss our management strategy, and review the current literature. For the first time for this diagnosis, we also provide an operative video.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

The patient is a previously healthy 40-year-old man who presented with complaints of progressive low back and leg pain, numbness, and intermittent subjective urinary incontinence. MRI revealed a discrete, homogenously enhancing intradural extramedullary lesion at L4. This lesion was resected by performing an L4 laminoplasty, which entails en bloc removal of the L4 lamina and then securing it back into place once the intradural resection and dural closure are completed. Histological analysis revealed a diagnosis of capillary hemangioma. The patient had full resolution of his symptoms postoperatively.

DISCUSSION:

Definitive management of spinal capillary hemangiomas involves gross total resection and can be accomplished with laminoplasty. Because these benign tumors can be adherent to adjacent structures, intraoperative neuromonitoring is helpful adjunct to preserve neurological function for a good outcome.

CONCLUSION:

Capillary hemangiomas rarely affect the spine but should be considered on the list of differential diagnoses of intradural lesions.
Facile Synthesis of Dopamine-based Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Enrichment of Aflatoxin B in Food Matrices before HPLC Analysis
Authors: Hu Meihua , Ge Wen , Liu Xiujuan , Suo Lili , Wan Quanyu , Wu Fangying
Published: July 2022

A novel sorbent for the enrichment of aflatoxin B1 and B2, molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared via self-assembly of dopamine to attach aflatoxin B1 as the template onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Various parameters affecting the adsorption efficiencies of the prepared polymers were investigated. It can be shown to be an efficient and fairly specific sorbent coupled with UPLC-FLD with a large volume flow cell for the recognition and determination of both aflatoxin Bs in food samples.
Observatórios extremistas & fake news: imprensa e democracia sob ataque.
Authors: Oliveira Paulino Fernando , Martins de Carvalho Mariana , Poletti Dutra Luma , Costa Silva de Oliveira Kariane
Published: July 2022

A partir de uma ótica onde se entende que Observatórios e Projetos de Crítica de Mídia contribuem para o fortalecimento da democracia e o exercício da cidadania, e tomando como inspiração a abordagem relacional entre democracia, desinformação e conceitos clássicos do jornalismo, este artigo tem como objetivo a análise desses elementos e como se conectam. Se espaços de crítica de mídia podem ser usados como instrumentos para o fortalecimento da democracia e o exercício da cidadania, então é preciso compreender que tipo de debate está sendo realizado nesses espaços. Nos últimos anos, surgiram iniciativas de observação midiática ligadas a ideologias de partidos de extrema direita. Esses espaços que flertam com autoritarismo e o fascismo acabam assumindo um papel de Media Watch, mesmo que não se reconheçam como canais de crítica de mídia. Estes ditos canais atuam como observatórios de prática. São sites, blogs e redes sociais, ligados a movimentos de extrema direita, nos quais os autores utilizam de conceitos clássicos do jornalismo para promover ataques à imprensa e à democracia. Cobram imparcialidade e até direito de resposta quando publicadas notícias falsas. Nesse contexto, as reflexões propostas podem indicar que o jornalismo deve assumir um lado, sem espaço para desinformação, principalmente quando as instituições democráticas estiverem em xeque. Ainda que exista todo um debate sobre qual democracia os meios defendem e o que se entende por democracia.
Distopía en el Siglo XXI: la plaga de la apatía.
Authors: Romero Medina Pablo Esteban
Published: July 2022

Diferentes crisis y catástrofes parecen ser nuestro porvenir, sin embargo, esto no ha despertado una poderosa reacción en la población. Atrapado en un continuo presente, el individuo observa como todo se le presenta como un evento histórico donde tan solo puede tomar parte como espectador pasivo.El objetivo de este paper es estudiar la emergencia de la apatía política en nuestro siglo. Partiremos de la obra Realismo Capitalista de Mark Fisher, quien analiza este escenario para identificar su surgimiento. Fisher expone un escenario que permite reflexionar sobre el carácter apático del individuo y la aparente aceptación por una gran parte de la población, de la distopía como marco para pensar el futuro en el siglo XXI. Una apatía que no se expresa por una falta de fenómenos a derecha o izquierda sino porque ninguno de ellos niega o confronta esta visión distópica del futuro. Exploramos un ejemplo narrativo de esto a través de la película Shaun of the Dead de Edward Wright, que capta a la perfección las tesis del realismo capitalista. Esta obra de ficción nos ha permitido además explorar la mercantilización de la distopía, tan generalizada últimamente y cuya extensión tiene un componente ideológico. Finalmente hemos podido exponer una argumentación acerca de la apatía como resultado de una construcción ideológica y de discurso que se impone al sujeto. Entendiendo que su desarrollo tiene unas condiciones históricas concretas, y recoge los resultados de la victoria del capitalismo a la hora de naturalizarse
La propaganda como imagen de perpetrador. Escorzos de la Guerra de Malvinas en 1982, de Lucas Gallo.
Authors: Taccetta Natalia , Veliz Mariano
Published: July 2022

Este artículo explora los modos en que las imágenes de perpetradores pueden encarnarse en las maquinarias propagandísticas. En este sentido, analiza parte del material de archivo de la televisión oficial argentina durante la Guerra de las Islas Malvinas que aparece en el film documental 1982 (Lucas Gallo, 2020), a fin de elaborar una revisión no sólo de la imbricación de las imágenes con las políticas de exterminio, sino para discutir la concepción del archivo como ficción y como instrumento de la memoria. Palabras clave: guerra de Malvinas; archivo; imagen de perpetrador; propaganda; dictadura argentina
Léon Degrelle. Del silencio a la negación del Holocausto .
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez José Luis
Published: July 2022

Léon Degrelle, líder del partido fascista belga Rex, escribió varios libros de contenido político, ideológico y militar durante el período comprendido entre la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y su muerte, en 1994, etapa que pasó en España como refugiado político. Analizamos el uso de expresiones xenófobas y racistas, el silencio, primero, sobre el genocidio cometido por el Tercer Reich sobre los judíos, y, posteriormente, su negación, y la exaltación de la figura de Hitler. El artículo aporta una reflexión sobre si la acusación al colectivo judío de inventar el Holocausto ayuda a justificar la violencia neonazi, y sobre la negación de los crímenes nazis como forma de violencia sobre las víctimas del Tercer Reich.
Memorias, genealogías femeninas y lugares de perpetración. Etnografía de las exhumaciones contemporáneas de fosas del franquismo en el cementerio de Paterna (Valencia).
Authors: García-Hernandorena Mª José , Gadea i Peiró Isabel
Published: July 2022

Nuestra investigación etnográfica (2019- 2020) en torno a las exhumaciones de fosas comunes del franquismo en el cementerio de Paterna (Valencia) planteó una serie de cuestiones sobre la importancia de realizar una aproximación biográfica a los escenarios de violencia y perpetración. Esto nos proporciona una potente herramienta de análisis que permite ir más allá de la mera secuencia temporal de los hechos y los espacios, dotándolos de agencia propia. Además, permite situar en el centro del debate otras memorias, las de las mujeres, que, debido a las características de los actuales procesos de exhumación, se han ido desplazando hacia los márgenes.
“Nosotros en los otros”. La dialéctica de la autorrealización social e individual en la teoría del reconocimiento de G. H. Mead.
Authors: Emel Rendón Carlos
Published: July 2022

En este artículo nos proponemos explicitar la doble significación que presenta el concepto de reconocimiento en la teoría psico-social del sí mismo que expone G. H. Mead en su texto fundamental Espíritu, Sí Mismo y Sociedad (1973) La tesis de fondo es la de que esta distinción apunta, a su vez, a una doble forma de realización del individuo, gracias a la cual éste deviene como sujeto reconocido como portador de derechos en el todo de la comunidad a la que pertenece (socialización) , y como individuo dueño de una peculiaridad o superioridad funcional que se ven reconocidas en el proceso de relacionarse con los otros (individuación). En una conclusión final se pone de manifiesto el modelo de sociedad que subyace a esta distinción en el planteamiento de Mead. Palabras clave: Comunicación, autoconciencia, reconocimiento, “mí”, “yo”, autorrealización.
Situación actual de los estudios sobre Jesús.
Authors: Negueruela Abellá Jacobo
Published: July 2022

Pretendemos en este artículo informar brevemente de los lugares por los que ha transitado la historia de los estudios sobre Jesús, desde sus inicios en el siglo XVIII hasta la actualidad. Igualmente distinguir el Jesús de los historiadores del Jesús real, finalizando con un elenco de algunas de las principales cuestiones que se han planteado sobre el hombre en estos tres últimos siglos. Esto no quiere decir que no merezca la pena recordar a otros autores distintos de los que aquí se tratan, ni que las cuestiones que se han planteado alguna vez estén todas sin resolver
Risley prisms as a conformal transformation device: II. Derivatives of the absolute functions and an attributive analysis of the control singularities
Authors: Li Yajun
Published: July 2022

Risley prisms have quite a few advantages over their competitive mirror scanning systems, a highly commendable one being the conformal transformation of the angular motions of the two prisms into a 2D pattern in the polar frame. However, in such a transformation, knotty problems relating to the so-called control singularities unpreventably occur when the two prisms are either in parallel with their apexes aligned or in opposition to each other. The aim of Part II of this study is an extension of the theories and their applications presented in Part I of this study [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 39, 1540 (2022)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.463724] to a parametric analysis of the singularities and their describing functions for a better understanding of how the scanning geometry affects the attributes of the singularities and how we can reduce their unfavorable influence by properly selecting the parameters of this two-prism system.
On-line status monitoring and surrounding environment perception of an underwater cable based on the phase-locked Φ-OTDR sensing system
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Zou Ningmu , Wan Yiming , Ding Zhewen , Zhang Chi , Tong Shuai , Lu Yanqing , Wang Feng , Xiong Fei , Zhang Yixin , Zhang Xuping
Published: July 2022

A newly designed phase-locked (PL) Φ-OTDR system was proposed and instrumented. Field tests of water impact, anchor damage towing and tide diagnosing were carried out in a natural freshwater lake as well as the East China Sea. Personnel movement trajectory monitoring and ship flow monitoring were carried out by a buried cable along the floodplain of the Yangtze River. It proved that the proposed system can monitor the real-time status and sense the surrounding environment of existing underwater communication cables, which could be helpful for the maintenance of the cable itself as well as underwater information collection.
Single-sized multifunctional metasurfaces for simultaneous nanoprinting and holography inspired by tri-redundancy
Authors: Deng Juan , Deng Liangui , Zhou Zhou , Gao Fan , Lv Bin , Du Mengen , Yan Bo
Published: July 2022

Multifunctional metasurfaces, where multiple functions can be integrated into a piece of metasurface, are preferably desired for compact systems with higher integration and subwavelength footprint. Particularly, metasurfaces for simultaneous nanoprinting and holography are one of the promising directions of development image display and information hiding in meta-devices. Here, inspired by tri-redundancy, a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach is proposed for generating a nanoprinting image in the near field and holographic image in the far field simultaneously, which can solve the extremum-mapping problem existing in single-sized scheme without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. The tri-redundancy of image recognition, hologram designing and intensity modulation introduce an extra degree of freedom, which helps to find a balance between the two types of meta-images generated by utilizing the simulated annealing algorithm. A multifunctional metasurface composed of single-sized silver nanobricks with in-plane orientation has been fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of encoding a binary image in the near field while reconstructing a 16-steps holographic image without twin-image in the far field. This multifunctional metasurface has flexible working modes, broadband working window and large robustness for fabrication errors, and it provides a simple design scheme for multifunctional integration. We expect it can empower advanced research and applications in high-end optical anticounterfeiting, image hiding and so on.
Expression of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced SOCS3 and STAT3 and the implications on innate immunity in TB patients vs healthy contacts in high TB/HIV endemic setting: A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Lungu Patrick , Mushota Kabaso , Njelesani Evarist , Sukwa Thomas , Lakhi Shabir , Mwaba Peter
Published: July 2022

Background

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) remains a disease of global health concern and a leading cause of mortality arising from an infectious agent. Protective immunity to TB remains unclear. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) and signal transduction and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) genes have shown potential to influence innate immunity. We, therefore, explored the expression of SOCS3 and STAT3 and their implications on the innate immunity in TB patients and their healthy close contacts.

Methods

We recruited 72 TB patients and 62 healthy contacts from a high TB and HIV endemic setting (Lusaka, Zambia). We used RT-PCRT and flow cytometry to quantify the expression of SOCS, STAT3 and cytokines respectively. Data was analysed Stata version 14.0 and figures were developed in GraphPad prism version 9.1.0 (221). Assessment for associations for categorical and continuous variables was analysed using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney test respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between SOCS3 and IL-6. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Healthy contacts markedly expressed SOCS3 in both unstimulated and stimulated whole blood in comparison to TB patients (p <0.0001). STAT3 was elevated in TB patients in TB patients in stimulated blood only. IL-6 (P = < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P = <0.0001), were significantly expressed in Healthy contacts in comparison to TB patients. TNF-α (p = 0.044) were markedly elevated in TB patients in comparison to healthy contacts. IL-6 and SOCS3 correlated significantly in healthy contacts only (r = 0.429, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Both SOCS3 and STAT3 are genes of importance in mounting protective innate immunity against TB. We propose that SOCS3 stimulation and inhibition of STAT3 as possible approaches in gene therapy and vaccine development for TB.
Lipobiotin-capture magnetic bead assay for isolation, enrichment and detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from saliva
Authors: Hansen Julia , Kolbe Katharina , König Inke R. , Scherließ Regina , Hellfritzsch Marie , Malm Sven , Müller-Loennies Sven , Zallet Julia , Hillemann Doris , Wiesmüller Karl-Heinz , Herzmann Christian , Brandenburg Julius , Reiling Norbert
Published: July 2022

Background

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is diagnosed through sputum samples. As sputum sampling is challenging in children and cachexic patients, the development of diagnostic tests using saliva appears promising but has been discouraged due to low bacterial load and poor sensitivity. Here, we present a novel and rapid method to enrich Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from saliva, which may serve as a basis for a diagnostic saliva test.

Methods

Lipobiotin-functionalized magnetic beads (LMBs) were incubated with Mtb-spiked PBS and saliva from healthy donors as well as with saliva from TB patients. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the capacity of the beads to bind Mtb, while real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized to detect Mtb and determine the amount of mycobacterial DNA in different sample types.

Results

We found that LMBs bind Mtb efficiently when compared to non-functionalized beads. The development of an qPCR assay based on the use of LMBs (LMB assay) allowed us to enrich mycobacterial DNA in spiked sample types, including PBS and saliva from healthy donors (enrichment of up to ~8.7 fold). In Mtb-spiked saliva samples, we found that the LMB assay improved the detection rate of 102 bacteria in a volume of 5 ml from 0 out of 15 (0%) to 6 out of 15 (40%). Consistent with that, the LMB assay increased the rate of correctly identified saliva samples from TB patients in two independent cohorts.

Conclusions

Implementation of the principle of the LMB-based assay may improve the sensitivity of existing diagnostic techniques, e.g. by functionalizing materials that facilitate Mtb sampling from the oral cavity.