bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of Directly Measured First-Pass Hepatic Insulin Extraction and Its Association With Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Insulin
Authors: Asare-Bediako Isaac , Paszkiewicz Rebecca L. , Kim Stella P. , Woolcott Orison O. , Kolka Cathryn M. , Burch Miguel A. , Kabir Morvarid , Bergman Richard N.
Published: May 2018

Although the β-cells secrete insulin, the liver, with its first-pass insulin extraction (FPE), regulates the amount of insulin allowed into circulation for action on target tissues. The metabolic clearance rate of insulin, of which FPE is the dominant component, is a major determinant of insulin sensitivity (SI). We studied the intricate relationship among FPE, SI, and fasting insulin. We used a direct method of measuring FPE, the paired portal/peripheral infusion protocol, where insulin is infused stepwise through either the portal vein or a peripheral vein in healthy young dogs (n = 12). FPE is calculated as the difference in clearance rates (slope of infusion rate vs. steady insulin plot) between the paired experiments. Significant correlations were found between FPE and clamp-assessed SI (rs = 0.74), FPE and fasting insulin (rs = −0.64), and SI and fasting insulin (rs = −0.67). We also found a wide variance in FPE (22.4–77.2%; mean ± SD 50.4 ± 19.1) that is reflected in the variability of plasma insulin (48.1 ± 30.9 pmol/L) and SI (9.4 ± 5.8 × 104 dL · kg−1 · min−1 · [pmol/L]−1). FPE could be the nexus of regulation of both plasma insulin and SI.
Randomized Outpatient Trial of Single- and Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop Systems That Adapt to Exercise Using Wearable Sensors
Authors: Castle Jessica R. , El Youssef Joseph , Wilson Leah M. , Reddy Ravi , Resalat Navid , Branigan Deborah , Ramsey Katrina , Leitschuh Joseph , Rajhbeharrysingh Uma , Senf Brian , Sugerman Samuel M. , Gabo Virginia , Jacobs Peter G.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Automated insulin delivery is the new standard for type 1 diabetes, but exercise-related hypoglycemia remains a challenge. Our aim was to determine whether a dual-hormone closed-loop system using wearable sensors to detect exercise and adjust dosing to reduce exercise-related hypoglycemia would outperform other forms of closed-loop and open-loop therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants underwent four arms in randomized order: dual-hormone, single-hormone, predictive low glucose suspend, and continuation of current care over 4 outpatient days. Each arm included three moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions. The two primary outcomes were percentage of time in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) and in a target range (70–180 mg/dL) assessed across the entire study and from the start of the in-clinic exercise until the next meal.

RESULTS

The analysis included 20 adults with type 1 diabetes who completed all arms. The mean time (SD) in hypoglycemia was the lowest with dual-hormone during the exercise period: 3.4% (4.5) vs. 8.3% (12.6) single-hormone (P = 0.009) vs. 7.6% (8.0) predictive low glucose suspend (P < 0.001) vs. 4.3% (6.8) current care where pre-exercise insulin adjustments were allowed (P = 0.49). Time in hypoglycemia was also the lowest with dual-hormone during the entire 4-day study: 1.3% (1.0) vs. 2.8% (1.7) single-hormone (P < 0.001) vs. 2.0% (1.5) predictive low glucose suspend (P = 0.04) vs. 3.1% (3.2) current care (P = 0.007). Time in range during the entire study was the highest with single-hormone: 74.3% (8.0) vs. 72.0% (10.8) dual-hormone (P = 0.44).

CONCLUSIONS

The addition of glucagon delivery to a closed-loop system with automated exercise detection reduces hypoglycemia in physically active adults with type 1 diabetes.
ANALISIS DESAIN PESAN DAN MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DALAM BUKU AJAR DURUUS AL MUFRADAAT WA AL MUHAADATSAAT AL ‘ARABIYAH
Authors: Mukroji Mukroji
Published: May 2018

STAIN Purwokerto has target of Arabic learning on campus, thestudents can talk and communicate with fluent Arabic and actively correct . This target would be difficult to achieve if not supported by the mastery of vocabulary and conversation. Therefore , the book "Duruus al Mufradaat wa al Muhaadatsaat al ' Arabiyah" to design messages and material that is in it is one way that this goal can be realized. Design messages and materials in Arabic learning has an important role, because the design of the message and Arabic learning materials has great significance in the achievement of goals that need to be carefully. Message ( message ) is a pattern of sign / symbol , either in the form of words and images, which are intended to change the behavior of cognitive (thinking) , affective (attitude) and psychomotor (acting) a person or group . While the draft (design) is a process of analysis and synthesis that begins with a communication problem and ends with a plan operational solutions. STAIN Purwokerto memiliki target belajar bahasa Arab di kampus, siswa dapat berbicara dan berkomunikasi dengan fasih bahasa Arab dan aktif yang benar . Target ini akan sulit dicapai jika tidak didukung oleh penguasaan kosakata dan percakapan. Oleh karena itu, buku "Duruus al Mufradaat wa al Muhaadatsaat al ' Arabiyah " untuk merancang pesan dan materi yang ada di dalamnya adalah salah satu cara bahwa tujuan ini dapat direalisasikan. Pesan desain dan bahan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab memiliki peran penting, karena desain pesan dan materi pembelajaran bahasa Arab memiliki arti besar dalam pencapaian tujuan yang harus hati-hati. Pesan ( message ) adalah pola tanda / simbol, baik dalam bentuk kata-kata dan gambar, yang dimaksudkan untuk mengubah perilaku kognitif (berpikir) , afektif (sikap) dan psikomotor (acting) seseorang atau kelompok . Sedangkan rancangan (design) adalah proses analisis dan sintesis yang diawali dengan masalah komunikasi dan berakhir dengan solusi operasional rencana.
TEOLOGI BENCANA; SOLUSI PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN BERBASIS AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Muhdi Ali
Published: May 2018

Every person should be able to learn the causes of the disaster among them . This is needed so that people can anticipate and avoid the coming disaster in the days to come . Humans can also learn from history or record of previous ones related disaster or calamity that befell at that time to take a lesson or knowledge about how to respond should disaster. In the next stage, become an important environmental education are given to prepare the various ways in which humans actively to manage their environment properly. Environmental education can also be interpreted as efforts to establish expertise, guidance, and rules to understand and measure the proper relationship between man and his environment, and explain the importance of keeping the environment resources. This work is done for the realization of human prosperous in order to get a degree and a good decent life. Setiap orang harus dapat mempelajari penyebab bencana di antara mereka. Hal ini diperlukan agar masyarakat dapat mengantisipasi dan menghindari datangnya bencana di masa yang akan datang. Manusia juga bisa belajar dari sejarah atau catatan yang sebelumnya bencana atau musibah yang menimpa pada saat itu untuk mengambil pelajaran atau pengetahuan tentang bagaimana menanggapi seharusnya bencana yang terkait. Pada tahap selanjutnya, menjadi pendidikan lingkunganpenting diberikan untuk menyiapkan berbagai cara di mana manusia secara aktif untuk mengelola lingkungan dengan baik. Pendidikan lingkungan juga dapat diartikan sebagai upaya untuk membangun keahlian, bimbingan, dan aturan untuk memahami dan mengukur hubungan yang tepat antara manusia dan lingkungannya, dan menjelaskan pentingnya menjaga sumber daya lingkungan. Upaya ini dilakukan demi terwujudnya sejahtera manusia untuk mendapatkan gelar dan kehidupan yang layak baik.
PERANAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP MINAT DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Maesaroh Siti
Published: May 2018

The low quality of student learning outcomes is caused by two factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors are experienced and internalized factors that affect students' learning process and results include : attitudes toward learning, interest and motivation to learn, learning concentration, while external factors include such things as : the teacher as learning coaches, infrastructure and learning facilities, policies assessment, the social environment of students at school and at home as well as school curriculum . Learn something thatattracts attention, would be more readily accepted than in studying things that do not attract attention, learning this also can not be underestimated or not important. In the case of interest, of course, someone who took an interest in a certain field will be easier to learn the field. Learning course will culminate with school performance achieved which will illustrate the success and success in learning . To achieve good learning, a lot of things that influence it, among others, the learning method used by teachers. Learning achievements will be achieved best when all factors support, such as teaching methods, with an interesting method which can be a bridge to reach the competencies. Rendahnya kualitas hasil belajar siswa disebabkan oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal . Faktor internal yang berpengalaman dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses belajar siswa dan hasil yang diinternalisasi meliputi: sikap terhadap belajar, minat dan motivasi belajar , konsentrasi belajar, sedangkan faktor eksternal meliputi hal-hal seperti : guru sebagai pelatih belajar, infrastruktur dan fasilitas belajar, kebijakan penilaian, lingkungan sosial siswa di sekolah dan di rumah serta kurikulum sekolah. Pelajari sesuatu yang menarik perhatian, akan lebih mudah diterima daripada dalam mempelajari hal-hal yang tidak menarik perhatian, belajar ini juga tidak bisa dianggap remeh atau tidak penting. Dalam kasus yang menarik, tentu saja, seseorang yang menaruh minat pada bidang tertentu akan lebih mudah untuk belajar lapangan. Belajar tentunya akan berujung dengan kinerja sekolah yang akan dicapai menggambarkan keberhasilan dan kesuksesan dalam belajar. Untuk mencapai belajar yang baik, banyak hal yang mempengaruhinya, antara lain, metode pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru. Prestasi belajar akan tercapai dengan baik ketika semua faktor mendukung, seperti metode pengajaran, dengan metode yang menarik yang dapat menjadi jembatan untuk mencapai kompetensi.
SIGNIFIKANSI LITERASI INFORMASI (INFORMATION LITERACY) DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN DI ERA GLOBAL
Authors: Nurohman Aris
Published: May 2018

The globalization era has imperceptible impacts on all sectors, one of which is education. The rapid changes in the era lead to a significant increase in the environmental community, which are driven by transculturation and the development of information and communication technology and the booming of information and knowledge. As a result, the world of education has gone in such a dynamic way as the era of globalization. The development of knowledge, experiences, innovations and a variety of things related to the globalization of education make up what is called the information resources. The information literacy has been needed by the education community, so that education will be able to compete on a global level. The information literacy will be proper in complying with the development. This is the actual demand for the academic community. Moreover, the information literacy will meet the demands of development faster. This is actually a request for the academic community.
KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (Kualifikasi, Kompetensi dan Sertifikasi Guru)
Authors: Sunhaji Sunhaji
Published: May 2018

One of the characteristics of today's globalization era is that there are various competition in people's life. The globalization era is marked by a variety of scientific progress and the success of technology. The globalized world gives a challenge for people who can compete and deal with it, other wise it can become a threat to those who are not ready to deal with it. The era of globalization is one of the advantages for educated human resources. Education as one of the main pillars of human resource development will be the benchmark for excellence of human resources. A teacher is one of the main pillars for human resource development, without which the education process will not run. Efforts to improve human resources, especially teachers, are mainly by increasing their competences, qualifications and certification of educations. Improving teachers' qualification, competencies and certification of education is a “condicio sine qua non” or an indispensable and essential action for the Indonesian government. Salah satu ciri era global seperti sekarang ini adalah kompetisi dalam berbagai kehidupan, dengan ditandai oleh berbagai kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.Iindividu yang sukses adalah yang dapat bersaing dengan dunia global sehingga era global merupakan tantangan dan sekaligus ancaman bagi mereka yang tidak siap menghadapinya. Salah satu bekal untuk menghadapainya adalah sumber daya manusia yang unggul. Pendidikan sebagai salah satu pilar utama pengembangan SDM akan menjadi tolok ukur sebuah keunggulan SDM. Guru adalah salah orang yang utama dan pertama sebagai pilar peningkatan SDM, tanpa guru proses pendidikan tidak akan berjalan. Upaya peningkatan SDM terutama guru adalah dengan melalui peningkatan kualifikasi dan kompetensi serta sertifikasi pendidik. Peningkatan kualifikasi, kompetensi serta sertifikasi pendidik adalahmerupakan condition sine quanon atau suatu kefardhuan Nasional bagi bangsa Indonesia.
MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN AKHLAK MULIA DI SEKOLAH BERBASIS ISLAM
Authors: Nursanti Ririn
Published: May 2018

Moral crisis phenomena experienced by our students are at alarming level. Educational institutions come as enlighten bodies to anticipate such situations by optimizing each part of learning environments in order to build student’s characters comprehensively. There is a need of breakthrough innovation of reliable management programs so that the students can get their ready-to-life skills to face the nowadays phenomena as well as the future ones. This article will elaborate the descriptive study of how to manage noble-character improvements particularly in Islamic School. The study shows that the management of improving noble character in the Islamic School must be performed through the following stagess: planning, organizing, mobilizing, and monitoring. The strategy that can be chosen to implement character-educations management in Islamic schools are as follows: 1) Achieve teachers' commitment to the implementation of moral education (teacher component), 2) Integrate character education into the curriculum (curriculum component), 3) Creating a financial plan in favour of the implementation of moral education (financing component), and 4) Designing and creating a school culture based on moral education (management component). Krisis akhlak yang melanda peserta didik saat ini menjadi fenomena sosial yang cukup memprihatinkan. Lembaga pendidikan sebagai pengemban fungsi konservatif/penyadaran diharapkan dapat memanfaatkan dan memberdayakan semua lingkungan belajar untuk melaksanakan proses pendidikan akhlak secara optimal. Sehingga diperlukan upaya inovatif untuk mengembangkan pendidikan akhlak tersebut agar mampu menghasilkan peserta didik yang ready for life di era globalisasi dengan manajemen yang handal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan manajemen peningkatan akhlak mulia khususnya di sekolah Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen peningkatan akhlak mulia di sekolah harus melalui tahapan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakkan, dan pengawasan. Adapun strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengimplementasikan manajemen pendidikan akhlak di sekolah Islam adalah dengan melalui: 1) Mewujudkan komitmen guru dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan akhlak (komponen guru), 2) Mengintegrasikan pendidikan akhlak ke dalam kurikulum (komponen kurikulum), 3) Membuat rencana pembiayaan yang berpihak pada pelaksanaan pendidikan akhlak (komponen pembiayaan), dan 4) Mendesain dan menciptakan budaya sekolah berbasis pendidikan akhlak (komponen pengelolaan.
PENDIDIKAN SEKS BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS
Authors: Aziz Safrudin
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, sex education for children with special needs becomes a necessity. In term of it, besides based on philosophical and juridical, sex education is the preventive efforts in order that every child with special needs can recognize, understand, handle his/her biological development and change. In addition sex education for children with special needs also aims at guiding them to appreciate other people’s sexual behavior and not to make them being stuck on deviate sex conduct as well as not getting violence and sexual abuse from others. This is because their physical and psychological condition, which has some problems, enables them to be easily manipulated and courted, so that many of them are often stuck to be the object of sexual harassment of irresponsible person. This writing specifically is going to explain the concept of sex education for children with special needs, which includes characteristic of children with special needs, theory of sex education, the anvil of sex education, as well as material, method, and teacher competencies in the implementation of sex education for them. Pendidikan seks bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus kini menjadi sebuah keniscayaan. Perihal tersebut selain didasarkan secara filosofis maupun yuridis, pendidikan seks merupakan upaya preventif agar setiap anak berkebutuhan khusus dapat mengenali, memahami dan mengelola perkembangan dan perubahan secara biologis pada dirinya, menghargai perilaku seks orang lain, serta tidak terjebak pada perilaku seks yang menyimpang ataupun mendapatkan kekerasan dan pelecehan seks dari orang lain. Sebab seiring dengan kondisi fisik dan psikologi yang bermasalah menjadikan anak berkebutuhan khusus mudah dimanipulasi, dirayu, sehingga kerap kali terjebak untuk dijadikan objek pelampiasan syahwat oleh orang yang berkepribadian buruk. Tulisan ini secara khusus akan menguraikan tentang konsep pendidikan seks bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus mencakup karakteristik anak berkebutuhan khusus, teori pendidikan seks, landasan pendidikan seks, materi, metode serta kompetensi guru dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan seks.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN ANAK
Authors: Mardiyah Mardiyah
Published: May 2018

The role of parents as the first educators and primary injecting mental development of children. Religious education should be able to color the child's personality, so religion was actually to be part of his personality will be in control of his life in the future. In order to achieve the formation of a good personality, then the religious education should be given to parents who truly reflected religion in attitudes, behavior, gestures, how to dress, how to speak, how to deal with the issueand the overall personality. In short it can be said that religious education will be successful, if the teachings of that religion reflected in the personal life and parents themselves.
TRANSFORMASI DAN INOVASI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Rouf Abdur
Published: May 2018

In this era of global reform is necessary a renewal and improvement of the quality of society in order to ensure there will be many changes in society, both in terms of education, social and cultural rights are always evolving. The changes are a result of the development of science and technology is rapidly increasing, which in turn form the characteristic want competent people to beat each other. So there is no place in society without competition. Competition is the principle of a new life, because the world is open and Compete who can create something for the better. Transformation and innovation is needed at this time, it will bring a change and renewal in Islamic education management.
Pendidikan Islam dan Fenomena Radikalisme Agama
Authors: Kholik Abdul
Published: May 2018

Religious radicalism is a great theme in society. This theme is not only present in industrial society, but also in agrarian society, farmers, and even intellectuals. The phenomenon of radicalism is a problem that needs to find a way out because it is massive and difficult to control. The role of the state in tackling radicalism can be done through welfare, and protecting all citizens regardless of race, race, and religion. However, the thing that happens in society is that the rich get richer and the poorer the poorer, which can lead to the emergence of radicalism. Some of the strategies in responding to the emergence of radicalism include: The use of military channels, the use of counter arguments, improving welfare by making improvements in the social, economic, political and cultural fields, counter-use of violence / insurrection by spreading the idea of ​​world peace.
Paradigma Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah (Analisis berbagai Kritik terhadap PAI)
Authors: Khuzaimah Khuzaimah
Published: May 2018

The present Islamic Education have some weaknessess that there should be some ideas for innovation to foster its progress. In the early period, Islamic education was presented in mosques, but nowadays it has been developed into well-managed institution, i.e. school (madrasah). Beside madrasah, which is based on religion, Islamic education is also included to the curriculum of formal education, although the portion is not as much as in madrasah. Since Islamic education is still developing, there are many criticism addressed to Islamic education.
El cabildo de la catedral de Pamplona: Composición social, carreras canonicales y conflictividad en el siglo XIII (1194-1266)
Authors: García García Cristina Mª
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo recoge los resultados de un estudio prosopográfico de los canónigos de la catedral de Pamplona en la primera mitad del siglo XIII, que ha permitido determinar el origen geográfico y social de los religiosos, conectar la comunidad con el entramado social de la ciudad y del reino y revisar los conflictos que se produjeron durante este periodo en el seno de la institución y, en particular, entre el cabildo y los obispos. Este análisis permite, además, verificar las características de la promoción social establecida a través del capítulo. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que esta fase de crecimiento de la Iglesia pamplonesa estuvo acompañada por dificultades internas que muestran cómo estos años constituyen un umbral decisivo en la evolución del cabildo catedralicio.
Conjuras, concubinas y lucha por las rentas en la diócesis de Segovia del siglo XIII
Authors: Juárez Valero Eduardo
Published: May 2018

Durante la primera mitad del siglo XIII, los integrantes de la diócesis de Segovia, obispo y clerecía, se enfrentaron en una lucha sin solución que tenía como centro el reparto de las rentas asociadas a la diócesis. Sin embargo, la documentación existente en los archivos de la Catedral y de la diócesis de Segovia demuestra que el enfrentamiento iba más allá de una disputa económica local asociada al ámbito jurisdiccional, trascendiendo a las relaciones sociales del clero segoviano y a la mentalidad unida a las mismas.
Las aguas pluviales y su problemática en los entornos urbanos medievales: el caso de la Zaragoza del siglo XV
Authors: Lacámara Aylón David
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio analiza la relación existente entre las construcciones urbanas de Zaragoza y las aguas pluviales en el siglo XV como ejemplo de los condicionamientos a los que se puede ver expuesta una sociedad urbana bajomedieval en relación a los elementos naturales. Centrándose en el ámbito interior de las propiedades, se realiza un análisis de todas las fuentes documentales conservadas en el Archivo Municipal de la ciudad y de otros, como el Archivo Notarial que permite, de manera concreta, obtener una visión de conjunto del fenómeno y de todas sus implicaciones jurídicas, económicas y sociales.
La cronística pontificia a finales de la Edad Media: la periferia romana
Authors: Villa Prieto Josué
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo examina el desarrollo del género historiográfico en el Estado Pontificio durante el tránsito entre la Edad Media y el Renacimiento. Se propone una tipología de las fuentes atendiendo a su cronología (universales, coetáneas y sobre la Antigüedad), planteamiento expositivo (anales, crónicas, diarios) y objeto de interés particular (biografías, historias, recuerdos). En cada caso se examina el contexto histórico y cultural de elaboración, la relación existente entre el autor y los hechos que narra, las características literarias y contenido de la obra, y las posibilidades y límites que ofrece para el conocimiento histórico. Igualmente se precisa las técnicas métodos y empleados por los cronistas, en especial en aquellos casos en los que actúan como notarios. El estudio no se ciñe a Roma sino que comprende las regiones de Lazio, Umbría y Marche con objeto de disponer de una visión de conjunto que posibilite el análisis comparativo entre la cronística compuesta en la sede apostólica y en las ciudades sometidas a su jurisdicción.
'Navegación institucional y navegación privada en el Mediterráneo medieval', GONZÁLEZ ARÉVALO, Raúl (ed.)
Authors: Salicrú i Lluch Roser
Published: May 2018

Reseña bibliográfica
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Apsari Nurliana Cipta , Santoso Meilanny Budiarti , Humaedi Sahadi , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Wibhawa Budhi
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT     The rights of children from poor family and geographically unfortunate is violated due to limited access. Assisting families to overcome the access limitation by entrepreneurship is an effort for child protection. The study was conducted at Genteng Village to families with children between 0-18 years old using qualitative methode with in-depth interview technique. The result shows that geographically, the village is located in remote area with limited and unsmooth rocky road. The number of children in the village is high, however the education facilities are not sufficient. The majority of the parents work as farmers which the daily expenses are often greater than the income. These conditions made the children in the village vulnerable of receiving social injustice thus entrepreneurship can be endorsed in addressing poverty in the area. The entrepreneurship potential in the village such as cooperation and various farmers group are supported to enhance the earner of the members to decrease the poor family thus the children can escape from the poverty. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, child protection, social justice   ABSTRAK     Anak dari keluarga miskin dan secara geografis terisolasi mendapatkan ketidakadilan sosial karena keterbatasan akses. Mendekatkan akses atau membantu mengurangi kesenjangan yang dialami keluarga dengan kegiatan kewirausahaan adalah usaha perlindungan anak. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Genteng kepada orang tua dengan anak usia 0-18 tahun dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menemukan lokasi geografis jauh dari pusat keramaian dengan jalan berkelok dan berbatu. Jumlah anak cukup tinggi, namun fasilitas pendidikan minim. Orang tua mayoritas bertani dengan pengeluaran cenderung lebih banyak daripada pendapatan. Keadaan ini membuat anak di Desa Genteng rawan mendapatkan ketidakadilan sosial, sehingga kewirausahaan menjadi cara mengatasi kemiskinan. Potensi kewirausahaan seperti koperasi, dan kelompok tani teridentifikasi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan di Desa Genteng, sehingga anak-anak dapat terlepas dari rantai kemiskinan. Kata kunci: Kewirausahaan, perlindungan anak, keadilan sosial
ANALISIS STRATEGI BISNIS PADA UMKM KERAJINAN BAMBU DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Bahtiar , Hakim Raden Marsha Aulia , Damiri Devi Melisa , Zahra Fithriya
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSMEs in Indonesia continue to grow and become one of the economic sectors that can  guarantee the lives of a more prosperous society. The increase of SMEs also opening up new jobs for the community so as to reduce unemployment in Indonesia. However this is in line with the increasing levels of competition both on National and International scale. This research will analyze business strategy on SMEs bamboo based craft. This study aims to study and know the Business Strategy on SMEs bamboo crafts in Bandung.The type of research used in this research is descriptive analysis with qualitative approach, and data analysis method used are SWOT Analysis and Porter’s Generic Strategy. The results of this study found that SMEs in this research has implemented Porter's Generic Strategy well. However on a cost leadership strategy only applied by Haur Bamboo, and differentiation and focus strategies are applied by Sari Kurnia and Awi Virage. Keywords: Bamboo craft, business strategy, SWOT, SMEs.  ABSTRAKPertumbuhan UMKM di Indonesia setiap tahunnya terus bertambah dan menjadi salah satu sektor ekonomi yang dapat menjamin kehidupan masyarakat lebih sejahtera. Dengan adanya peningkatan UMKM ini juga membuka lapangan pekerjaan baru bagi masyarakat sehingga mampu mengurangi pengangguran di Indonesia. Namun demikian hal ini seiring dengan semakin tingginya tingkat persaingan baik pada skala Nasional maupun Internasional. Penelitian ini akan dianalisis strategi bisnis pada UKM kerajinan berbasis bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mengetahui Strategi Bisnis pada UKM kerajinan bambu di Kota Bandung.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis SWOT dan Porter’s Generic Strategy. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa secara keseluruhan ketiga UMKM dalam penelitian ini telah menerapkan Porter’s Generic Strategy dengan baik. Namun pada strategi keunggulan biaya hanya diterapkan oleh Haur Bamboo, serta strategi diferensiasi dan fokus diterapkan oleh Sari Kurnia dan Virage Awi. Kata kunci : Kerajinan bambu, strategi bisnis, SWOT, UMKM.
Estructura agraria, familia troncal, mercado de trabajo y redes sociales en el mundo rural, Cataluña siglos XVIII-XIX
Authors: Ferrer Alos Llorenç
Published: May 2018

A partir de la descripción de la estructura de la propiedad y del sistema familiar en Cataluña en los siglos XVIII y XIX se define el lugar que ocupaba cada individuo. A partir de esta definición se analizan las distintas redes sociales que se generaron, desde el entramado social derivado de los encadenamientos matrimoniales, del papel que jugaban las mujeres en la relación entre las casas, los parentescos ficticios, la relación familia e Iglesia a través de los hijos que entraban en la Iglesia, las redes derivadas de la emigración a la ciudad de algunos hijos, las prácticas desarrolladas para poder acceder a las masoverías o cómo las familias modestas se insertaban en el mercado de trabajo para obtener los recursos que no les proporcionaba la explotación campesina. Las redes, pues, tienen sentido cuando se estudian relacionadas con la forma en que los individuos acceden a los recursos.
Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro (2016) Coyotaje y migración indocumentada: La teoría de la demanda laboral. Editorial Fontamara
Authors: Entrena-Durán Francisco
Published: May 2018

Se trata de una reseña del libro

Izcara Palacios, Simón Pedro (2016) Coyotaje y migración indocumentada: La teoría de la demanda laboral. Editorial Fontamara
Temel Eğitim Bölümü öğretmen adayları ve eğitim programı: Bir metafor çalışması
Authors: Yıldız Kaya , Sevilay Yıldız , Özen Raşit
Published: May 2018

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, Temel Eğitim Bölümü öğrencilerinin eğitim programı kavramı
ile ilgili görüşlerinin metaforlar yolu ile incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın
çalışma grubunu 2016 - 2017 eğitim – öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Abant İzzet
Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Temel Eğitim Bölümünde öğrenim gören son
sınıf öğrencileri (n=83) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada olgubilim deseni
kullanılmış ve öğretmen adaylarından “Eğitim programı………… benzer çünkü ………”
cümlesini tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi
kullanılmış olup araştırma bulguları öğretmen adaylarının 7 kategori altında 74
metafor (çoğunluğu tarafından üretilen ilk beş metafor; pusula, ağaç, araba
direksiyonu, bilgisayar yazılımı ve fabrika, metaforlarının olduğu) ürettikleri
görülmüştür.
Uncertainty of Measurement in Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Milinković Neda , Ignjatović Svetlana , Šumarac Zorica , Majkić-Singh Nada
Published: May 2018

An adequate assessment of the measurement uncertainty in a laboratory medicine is one of the most important factors for a reliable interpretation of the results. A large number of standards and guidelines indicate the need for a proper assessment of the uncertainty of measurement results in routine laboratory practice. The available documents generally recommend participation in the proficiency schemes/ external quality control, as well as the internal quality control, in order to primarily verify the quality performance of the method. Although all documents meet the requirements of the International Standard, ISO 15189, the standard itself does not clearly define the method by which the measurement results need to be assessed and there is no harmonization in practice regarding to this. Also, the uncertainty of measurement results is the data relating to the measured result itself, but all factors that influence the interpretation of the measured value, which is ultimately used for diagnosis and monitoring of the patient's treatment, should be taken into account. So in laboratory medicine, an appropriate assessment of the uncertainty of the measurement results should have the ultimate goal of reducing diagnostic uncertainty. However, good professional laboratory practice and understanding analytical aspects of the test for each individual laboratory is necessary to adequately define the uncertainty of measurement results for specific laboratory tests, which helps to implement good clinical practice. Also, setting diagnoses in medicine is a decision with a certain degree of uncertainty, rather than statistically and mathematically calculated conclusion.
Serum Concentration of Hepcidin as an Indicator of Iron Reserves in Children
Authors: Ćulafić Jelena , Kolarović Jovanka , Pezo Lato , Čabarkapa Velibor , Nikolić Stanislava , Stojadinović Aleksandra , Solarov Marija Bodroža
Published: May 2018

Background:Anemia represents a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality, as well as child mortality. The aim of the research was to determine the serum concentration of hepcidin in children aged 6 months to 2 years and adolescents aged 11 to 19 years which suffer from iron deficiency anemia and compare it with the serum concentration of hepcidin in the control groups, as well as to determine its connection with the parameters of the iron metabolism.

Methods:The research included 173 examinees, 89 of them suffered from iron deficiency anemia and 84 did not suffer from iron deficiency anemia (the latter represented the control group). Blood samples were collected from all study participants. The samples were analyzed for complete blood count and parameters of iron metabolism. ELISA method was used for establishing serum hepcidin levels.

Results:The research showed that the concentration of hepcidin is statistically lower in children (4.4 ng/mL) and adolescents (4.1 ng/mL) who suffer from iron deficiency anemia in comparison with the control group (14 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, respectively). The positive correlation between serum hepcidin level and iron in the serum, ferritin, the mean corpuscular volume and transferrin saturation was confirmed, but the negative one occurred in serum hepcidin level, transferrin and reticulocytes.

Conclusions:The age of the examinees does not influence the level of serum hepcidin which makes it a more sensitive indicator of the level of iron in the body. Besides this, serum hepcidin is a reliable biological marker for the assessment of iron deficiency anemia.
Evaluation of a Summary Score for Dyslipidemia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation (The Doi Score) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and its Relationship with Obesity
Authors: Blagojević Iva Perović , Ignjatović Svetlana , Macut Djuro , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena , Božić-Antić Ivana , Vekić Jelena , Bjekić-Macut Jelica , Kastratović-Kotlica Biljana , Andrić Zoran , Ilić Dušan
Published: May 2018

Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a cardiometabolic disorder whose features include dyslipidemia, increased oxidative stress (OS, oxy) and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a summary score for dyslipidemia, OS and inflammation (the DOI score) to discriminate PCOS patients from healthy individuals and to evaluate the effect of obesity on individual scores and the DOI score in patients.

Methods:Lipid status parameters, OS status parameters (advanced oxidation protein products; total oxidative status; prooxidant-antioxidant balance; malondialdehyde; total protein sulphydryl groups and paraoxonase 1 activity) and CRP were measured in 114 patients and 50 controls using standardised assays. The DOI score was calculated as the sum of dyslipidemia, oxy and inflammation scores, determined as Z-score values for every subject in relation to the controls.

Results:PCOS patients had significantly higher oxy-score compared to controls (P<0.001). In addition, the DOI score was significantly higher in PCOS patients (P<0.001) as the dyslipidemia (P<0.05) and inflammatory scores (P<0.001) were greater. According to ROC analysis, the oxy-score showed better diagnostic accuracy in discriminating PCOS patients compared to the DOI score (AUC>0.9, P<0.01). Furthermore, obesity affected the risk scores in patients, especially the DOI score (significantly higher DOI scores in such patients, P<0.001).

Conclusion:PCOS patients had greater dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation and OS compared to controls and could be segregated using all four scores. Our data suggest that weight gain could be the common factor responsible for induction and propagation of dyslipidemia, OS and inflammation in PCOS patients.
From the Unitary Patent Package to a Federal EU Patent Law
Authors: Almeida Juliana , Costa Guilherme Oliveira e
Published: May 2018

For the last forty years, the European Union has been pursuing the goal of a unified system of patent law, which would make it possible for an invention to be protected, by EU law, throughout the territory of the Member-States, with a single application. This would simplify the patent protection system, making it easier, less costly and more secure, and would facilitate access to the internal market and promote scientific and technological development. However, problems might arise because of the plurality of legal sources that could be involved and due to the fact that not all countries want to be part of this new system. Nevertheless, the involvement of the majority of the Member-States in the Unitary Patent Package, through participating in an international agreement and in using the EU’s enhanced cooperation mechanism, is evidence of federalist manifestations of the EU as a sui generis organisation.
The voting systems in the Council of the EU and the Bundesrat – What do they tell us about European Federalism?
Authors: Czaputowicz Jacek , Kleinowski Marcin
Published: May 2018

The Treaty of Lisbon introduced a new system of weighted votes in the Council, which radically departs from the principles on which the distribution of votes between the Member States of the EU was based for more than half a century. At the same time, the system of double majority is fundamentally different from the assumptions on which voting systems in federal states are based, including in the Bundesrat. Systems used in federal states are usually based on a compromise between the equality of states, and the equality of citizens. Consequently, in the Nice system, smaller Member States in the EU had relatively greater power compared to their populations than smaller federal units in the German Bundesrat. The results presented in this paper indicate that the Lisbon system of voting in the Council differs significantly from voting systems in federal states.
Socialisation and legitimacy intermediation in the Council of the European Union
Authors: Ławniczak Kamil Ł.
Published: May 2018

The Council is a crucial intergovernmental institution of the European Union. However, the complex, opaque and consensual character of the decision-making process in the Council puts its legitimacy into question. Intergovernmentalist theory posits that it is sufficiently legitimised, indirectly, by the member state governments. Constructivist research, on the other hand, suggests that socialisation might disturb the relaying of positions from the national to the supranational level, as the former approach implies. This paper aims to explore these issues, in particular related to representation and consensus. It contains an analysis of material generated in in-depth interviews and concludes that more effort is invested into reaching a more inclusive compromise in the Council than one would expect if it were to decide by qualified majority. Socialisation is weakening the input legitimacy of decisions made in the Council, while at the same time enhancing their output legitimacy by favouring genuine consensus.
College for All: Chicana/o and Latina/o Empowerment Agents Working to Increase Latina/o Students’ College-Going Opportunities
Authors: Rojas Leticia
Published: May 2018

This one-year qualitative study examined the ways in which five Chicana/o and Latina/o teachers committed to social justice perceived their roles in their college-going work with Latina/o students, as well as the challenges threatening their efforts with students. Building on Stanton-Salazar’s (2011) concept of empowerment social capital, the findings showed that these teachers perceived college access as an equity issue, challenging dominant narratives of tracking and deficit-thinking in their college-going practices. Despite their ongoing and persistent commitments, the findings also revealed various challenges to these teachers’ work with students, such as the lack of schooling funding and college-going resources and a struggle to maintain a work-life balance. The results of this study have implications for school leadership and the reconceptualization of the teacher role in Latina/o students’ college-going processes.
Penggunaan Digital Influencer dalam Promosi Produk (Studi Kasus Akun Instagram @bylizzieparra)
Authors: Evelina Lidya Wati , Handayani Fitrie
Published: May 2018

Digital influencer adalah sebuah fenomena dalam promosi produk di industri media digital. Para Digital Influencer mengunggah beragam foto dan video pada akun media sosial  dengan kegiatan keseharian mereka, makanan yang dimakan, tempat-tempat hang-out, pendapat tentang suatu hal, hingga berbagai tutorial dan ulasan produk. Kemampuan membangun komunitas menjadikan mereka mampu mempromosikan produk buatan sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis seorang Digital Influencer dalam mempromosikan produk yang follower-nya dianggap sebagai beauty guru. Metode Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi online pada akun IG Influencer, wawancara informan dengan pihak digital agency. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik komparatif konstan yang menempatkan data ke dalam kategori, kemudian dicari hubungan antarkategori dan disederhanakan dalam struktur yang koheren. Hasil Penelitian mengungkapkan, menggunakan digital influencer untuk promosi memiliki kelebihan dari segi high tech dan high touch dibanding promosi melalui iklan. Digital influencer perlu melakukan 4C dalam aktivitas digitalnya, yaitu memperhatikan context, communication, collaboration and connection. Data juga menunjukkan jumlah follower saja tidak cukup untuk menjadikan seseorang sebagai digital influencer. Perlu  diperhatikan engagement yang terjadi antara influencer dengan khalayaknya, kesesuaian value antara influencer dengan followers-nya dan seberapa percaya khalayak terhadap sosok influencer tersebut.
Child Labour Laws in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Vambe Beauty , Saurombe Amos
Published: May 2018

This article reports on a study that investigated the effectiveness of child labour laws intended to promote child rights and the protection of children from unfair and forced labour. Legal scholars distinguish between child work and child labour: forced child labour manifests itself in abusing children sexually, forcing children to work on farms, and compromising childrenâ€™s rights to education. Although South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia have laws in place to protect children from child labour, the abuse of children continues in these countries. Furthermore, although these three countries are signatories to conventions of the International Labour Organisation that seek to eliminate child labour, they have been unable to stem the tide of child labour. This article argues that there is a need for the three countries to work closely together to implement policies that reverse or fight against child labour. The researchers used a qualitative methodology to interpret the variations in the application of child labour laws. They found there are no harmonised laws to deal with child labour in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Hence, this article recommends that an independent supranational organisation be established in Southern Africa to monitor, evaluate, and implement progressive laws to eradicate child labour in line with internationally recognised best practices as set out in child labour laws.
Anodal Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation to Enhance Rehabilitation in Individuals With Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Belley Amélie Fournier , Mercier Catherine , Bastien Maude , Léonard Guillaume , Gaudreault Nathaly , Roy Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2018

Background

Anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been shown to enhance the effects of sensorimotor training in neurological populations. Sensorimotor training leads to reduced pain and increased function in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy. The addition of a-tDCS during a rehabilitation program centered on sensorimotor training may improve treatment outcomes in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Objective

To compare 2 groups of individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy, one receiving a rehabilitation program centered on sensorimotor training with a-tDCS and the other receiving the same rehabilitation program with sham a-tDCS.

Methods

In this triple-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 40 adults with rotator cuff tendinopathy participated in a 6-week rehabilitation program (8 treatments with home exercises and including sensorimotor training, patient education, and strengthening). They were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups to receive either real a-tDCS (stimulation, 1.5 mA for 30 minutes) or sham a-tDCS during the first 5 treatments. Symptoms and functional limitations (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index) of all participants were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Acromiohumeral distances (ultrasonographic measurement at 0°, 45°, and 60° of arm elevation) were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. Two-way or 3-way repeated-measures analyses of variance were used for statistical analyses.

Results

Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index scores at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, and in acromiohumeral distance at 45° and 60° at 6 weeks (P<.05). No significant group-by-time interaction was observed for all outcomes (P>.43).

Conclusion

Results do not demonstrate any improved treatment outcomes from the addition of a-tDCS during a rehabilitation program for individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(7):541–551. Epub 10 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7871