bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Personal Values in Women's Midlife Development
Authors: Howell Lynn Calhoun
Published: December 2011

Researchers disagree on what women experience during midlife and on the goal of that developmental stage. This study explored the experiences of 18 women between the ages of 35 and 60. Diversity in the sample was achieved in marital status, presence or absence of children, education. income, age, and sexual orientation, but the sample was not ethnically diverse. The resulting grounded theory conceptualized an emotional process with 3 parts: (a) assessing circumstances, (b) clarifying personal values, and (c) adjusting behaviors and life circumstances to achieve congruence with values. Implications for counselors are discussed.
The Therapeutic Use of Forgiveness in Healing Intergenerational Pain
Authors: Murray Robert J.
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the therapeutic use of forgiveness in healing intergenerational pain. Forgiveness is conceptualized as a 4‐station process that is used to break unhealthy developmental and relational patterns and to promote healing. These stations can help the client gain insight and understand the intergenerational pain, provide an opportunity for compensation, and empower the client to act on the forgiveness. A case example of an adolescent is presented to illustrate the therapeutic value of encouraging exoneration and then forgiveness.
Issues and Insights: The Synergy of Depravity and Loneliness in Alcoholism: A New Conceptualization, an Old Problem
Authors: Loos Michael D.
Published: December 2011

The author uses the term depraved loneliness to represent the spiritual (or “soul”) sickness alluded to in Alcoholics Anonymous (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 1976), arguing that combining these 2 terms to form a single paradigm has not been examined. It is further argued that the synergy of depravity and loneliness, as a singular condition, may precipitate relapse and premature death through suicide by individuals during late recovery from alcoholism. Germinal qualitative research is necessary, and additional study of this proposed condition is encouraged.
Understandings, Definitions, and Experiences of Clergy in Residential Psychiatric Treatment
Authors: Brenneis Michael J.
Published: December 2011

The author conducted a qualitative examination of the understandings, definitions, and experiences of forgiveness held by members of the clergy who reported initial or ongoing conflict with the religious superiors who mandated their entry into residential psychiatric treatment because of substance abuse/dependence, sexual misconduct, compulsive behavior disorder, or affective disorders. Participants completed an 8‐item reflection questionnaire constructed for this study. Responses were examined qualitatively to identify trends, commonalities, or differences in the understandings, definitions, and experiences expressed in these responses. The author compared the data collected with definitions presented by previous researchers who have examined forgiveness in other populations.
Exploring Spiritual Beliefs in Relation to Adlerian Theory
Authors: Polanski Patricia J.
Published: December 2011

According to M. T. Burke et al. (1999), 1 key counselor competency regarding spirituality is the ability to explore one 's own religious and spiritual beliefs as a means to enhance sensitivity, understanding, and acceptance of such beliefs (as cited in G. Miller, 1999). In addition, an important part of professional development is said to involve ideological consistency between one's values and theoretical stance (T. M. Skovholt & M. H. Ronnestad, 1992). This article describes 1 counselor's exploration of her spiritual beliefs in relation to Adler's (H. L. Ansbacher & R. R. Ansbacher, 1956) theory of counseling and human development in an effort to move toward ideological consistency and to enhance competence in addressing spiritual dimensions of clients' development.
Practicing Harm Reduction Psychotherapy: An Alternative Approach to Addictions
Authors: Hippie John
Published: December 2011

P. Denning (2000). Practicing Harm Reduction Psychotherapy: An Alternative Approach to Addictions.
Research and Theory: Relationships Among Spirituality, Social Support and Childhood Maltreatment in University Students
Authors: Weber Linda J. , Cummings Anne L.
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated relationships among spirituality, social support, childhood maltreatment, and symptoms of distress. One hundred and fifty‐eight upper‐level university students completed questionnaires related to childhood maltreatment, distress symptomatology, spirituality, and social support. Significant associations were found for (a) maltreatment with high symptoms of distress, low existential spiritual well‐being, and low social support from family; (b) symptoms of distress with low existential spiritual well‐being and low social support from family; and (c) receiving counseling for maltreatment with high symptoms of distress and low support from family.
Integrating Spirituality Into Counselor Preparation: A Developmental, Wellness Approach
Authors: Myers Jane E. , Williard Kirk
Published: December 2011

Recent surveys of the general public and of counseling professionals suggest the pervasive importance of spirituality in the lives of all individuals. Yet, the infusion of spirituality in counselor preparation programs continues to be a concern. Incorporating spirituality within a wellness paradigm can help counselors and counselor educators value and address spirituality as an integral component of optimum human functioning. By distinguishing between religiosity and spirituality and operationally conceptualizing spirituality as a life span developmental phenomenon that is essential for achieving wellness, counselor educators can more readily incorporate spiritual issues within the philosophy of the counseling profession.
Diversification: Counselors' Investment in Humanity—A Student's Opinion
Authors: Breaux Debra
Published: December 2011

The author argues that diversification can be the basis of the counseling profession's investment in humanity, attempts to inspire a united stance within the profession, and maintains that counseling professionals have a responsibility to share their knowledge of and respect for embracing all people. These statements attempt to capture the perspective of one aspiring to join the ranks of many dedicated and inspiring counseling professionals.

Open your eyes and look for some [person], or some work for the sake of [all people], which needs a little time, a little friendship, a little [empathy], a little sociability, a little human toil. … It is needed in every nook and corner; therefore, search and see if there is not some place where you may invest your humanity,

—Albert Schweitzer

(As cited in Canfield, Hansen, McCarty, & McCarty, 1997, p. 267)
A Preliminary Survey of Relationships Between Counselor Educators' Ethics Education and Ensuing Pedagogy and Responses to Attractions With Counseling Students
Authors: Downs Louis
Published: December 2011

Literature suggests that counselor education does not consistently teach ethics and that ethical violations currently occur between trainees and faculty. The literature also suggests that ethical dilemmas during training strongly influence later ethical counseling practice. A survey examined the ethics training of counselor educators and ensuing attitudes and actions in professional practice. The author discovered that ethics pedagogy during training was related to later pedagogical strategies and to reactions to attraction with students. Furthermore, no single pedagogical strategy seems to guarantee best teaching or ethical professional practice. This survey reinforces the need for ethics education for counselor educators and suggests directions for research.
Fundamentalist Protestant Christian Women: Recognizing Cultural and Gender Influences on Domestic Violence
Authors: Foss Louisa L. , Warnke Melanie A.
Published: December 2011

The authors use multicultural, family process and structure, and gender concepts to provide a framework for understanding the supports for and barriers to mental health that are experienced by abused fundamentalist Protestant Christian (FPC) women. For FPC women who are victims of domestic violence, gender, culture, and family process and structure may intersect to prohibit or facilitate healthy life choices. Suggestions for providing counseling services to this population are given.
Research and Reflection: Animal‐Assisted Therapy in Mental Health Settings
Authors: Parshall Debra Phillips
Published: December 2011

Although animals have been historically associated with promoting physical and mental health benefits for humans, only recently has there been support for such claims in the literature. This article is a preliminary attempt to bring together scientific studies and anecdotal reports that provide evidence of the benefits of using animals in particular counseling situations.
Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hope
Authors: Potter Dani
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

Jonathan Kozol (2001). Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hope.
Cultural Values and Racial Identity Attitudes Among Asian American Students: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Yeh Christine J. , Carter Robert T. , Pieterse Alex L.
Published: December 2011

The content and structure of cultural value orientations were investigated in a group of Asian American undergraduate and graduate students. Cultural value differences were influenced by the participant's gender and racial identity status. Findings suggest a strong preference for distinct cultural value orientations that reflect both traditional Asian and European American cultural values. Implications for counseling and future research are addressed.
Exploring Indigenous Mental Health Practices: The Roles of Healers and Helpers in Promoting Well‐Being in People of Color
Authors: Constantine Madonna G. , Myers Linda James , Kindaichi Mai , Moore James L.
Published: December 2011

The authors present an extensive literature review and discuss the cultural relevance of indigenous healing practices in promoting psychological, physical, and spiritual well‐being in people of color. Suggestions are also presented for ways counselors might work with indigenous healing resources to promote the well‐being of people of color.
Values Extolled in U.S. Presidential Inaugural Addresses
Authors: Kinnier Richard T. , Dannenbaum Sande , Lee Debbiesiu , Aasen Paulette , Kernes Jerry L.
Published: December 2011

Value themes were extracted from U.S. presidential inaugural addresses of the 19th and 20th centuries. The values most frequently extolled were liberty, belief in God, patriotism, justice, personal responsibility, and peace. More references to lowering taxes were made in the 19th compared with the 20th century and by Republicans compared with Democrats. Truth/honesty was more frequently mentioned in the 19th century than in the 20th century, but courage was more frequently mentioned in the 20th century. Implications are discussed.
The Ethics of Prayer in Counseling
Authors: Weld Chet , Eriksen Karen
Published: December 2011

Spirituality has become increasingly important in counseling, with prayer being the spiritual intervention of choice for Christian counselors. The controversial nature of including prayer in counseling requires careful consideration of ethical issues. This article addresses the intersection of spiritual interventions, particularly prayer, with client welfare, multicultural sensitivity, values, and countertransference. The authors consider the ethical mandates, articulate concerns, and make recommendations.
The Developmental Perspective in Integral Counseling
Authors: Cook‐Greuter Susanne R. , Soulen Jeffrey
Published: December 2011

The process of making meaning is a core determinant of human experience. Understanding this process, developmentally, is a vital part of integral counseling. In this article, the authors introduce the concept of ego development stages as increasingly complex and flexible systems of meaning making. An understanding of ego development stages can help counselors to assist clients in a way that recognizes that people not only come in different “types” but also differ significantly in the level of their meaning‐making capacity.
A Review of On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss
Authors: Bolden Lori A.
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

Elizabeth Kübler‐Ross and David Kessler (2005). On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss.
Cultural Values, Counseling Stigma, and Intentions to Seek Counseling Among Asian American College Women
Authors: Miville Marie L. , Constantine Madonna G.
Published: December 2011

The authors explored the extent to which Asian American college women's perceived stigma about counseling mediated the relationship between their adherence to Asian cultural values and intentions to seek counseling. Participants, 201 Asian American college women (age range = 18–24 years), completed measures of Asian cultural values, perceived stigma regarding counseling, and intentions to seek counseling, along with a demographic questionnaire. Asian cultural values were positively correlated with perceived counseling stigma; both Asian cultural values and social stigma were negatively correlated with intentions to seek counseling. The main analysis showed that perceived counseling stigma partially mediated the relationship between participants' Asian cultural values and intentions to seek counseling.
The Role of Meditation in Addiction Recovery
Authors: Pruett James M. , Nishimura Nancy J. , Priest Ronnie
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the role of meditation as an important component in addiction recovery. Successful addiction recovery is often related to an individual's ability to develop and use a repertoire of coping behaviors, including the ability to maintain an ongoing awareness of one's vulnerability. These learned behaviors serve as reliable alternatives to the routine behavior patterns of individuals who are addicted, which, in the past, have led to often‐repeated destructive outcomes. The authors contend that incorporating meditation into the lifestyle of individuals recovering from addiction provides a consistent means of preparing for inevitable, addiction‐related life challenges and a coping skill that can help maintain equilibrium in living with ever‐present peril.
Virtues, Values, and the Good Life: Alasdair MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics and Its Implications for Counseling
Authors: Stewart‐Sicking Joseph A.
Published: December 2011

The philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre's critique of modern ethics and his virtue‐centered alternative suggest that counseling can be considered a form of applied virtue ethics, helping clients cultivate the qualities necessary to live the good life. Although similar to developmental theory and positive psychology, this perspective also questions whether counseling is value neutral and suggests that counseling should account for the (often hidden) traditions, virtues, and practices of the good life it promotes. Comparison with spiritual direction suggests ways counseling can apply the insights of this model ethically within a pluralistic setting.
The Development and Manifestation of Altruistic Caring: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Curry Jennifer R. , Smith Heather L. , Robinson Edward H.
Published: December 2011

Qualitative, phenomenological research provides rich information about the constructive, life span perspectives of the manifestation and development of altruism. Using an interpretive phenomenological approach, this study investigated altruism as described by 34 older persons in a continuing care retirement community. The findings identified 13 overarching, common, emergent themes related to this construct. Implications are provided for helping professionals.
Multiple Identity Considerations Among African American Christian Men Experiencing Same‐Sex Attraction
Authors: Yarhouse Mark A. , Nowacki‐Butzen Stephanie , Brooks D. Fredrica
Published: December 2011

The authors explored the experiences of African American men who identified as Christian and experienced same‐sex attraction. Participants completed an online questionnaire addressing experiences of same‐sex attraction; meaning attributed to their attractions; the sharing of their experiences with others; and perceptions regarding the intersection of their faith, race, and sexual identity. Most respondents (61.5%) felt different from their peers for gender‐related reasons, and most (80.8%) had had homoerotic experiences during the teenage years. Over 40% of participants indicated that their primary identity was Christian, and several shared their experience sorting out attributions and meanings associated with same‐sex attraction in light of their racial and/or religious identities.
Religion, Ethnicity, Culture, Way of Life: Jews, Muslims, and Multicultural Counseling
Authors: Schlosser Lewis Z. , Ali Saba Rasheed , Ackerman Sandra R. , Dewey J. Jane H.
Published: December 2011

Jews and Muslims represent 2 unique cultural groups that have been relatively under‐examined by multicultural counseling scholars. In this article, the authors review the recent literature on Jews and Muslims, synthesize and discuss the commonalities across these 2 groups, provide some recommendations for counseling members of these populations, and offer suggestions for future research.
Introduction to the Special Issue: The Place of Values in Counseling Research: An Introduction
Authors: Sperry Len
Published: December 2011

The article introduces the special issue, which is focused on the place of values in counseling research. After presenting a brief historical introduction, the author describes the challenges facing counseling research today and provides an overview of the 4 major articles that compose the special issue. Each article addresses a critical issue in counseling research, often with significant implications for counseling research as well as for counselor education or counseling practice.
Values in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Authors: Duffy Maureen , Chenail Ronald J.
Published: December 2011

The authors identify the philosophical underpinnings and value‐ladenness of major research paradigms. They argue that useful and meaningful research findings for counseling can be generated from both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, provided that the researcher has an appreciation of the importance of philosophical coherence in working within a particular research tradition. Moreover, the authors recognize that the research world is one of methodological pluralism; they discuss particular critical values central to conducting research and evaluating research findings. Finally, the authors demonstrate that there is not a 1 ‐to‐1 correspondence between a research method and the research paradigm.
Kitchener's Principle Ethics: Implications for Counseling Practice and Research
Authors: Urofsky Robert I. , Engels Dennis W. , Engebretson Ken
Published: December 2011

This extensive literature review examining the influence of K. S. Kitchener's (1984) introduction of principle ethics on counseling and psychology ethics notes the ultimate practicality of principle ethics. The authors maintain that although a strong influence of principle ethics in the area of counselor education emerges through the review, there is little clear evidence of influence in the areas of counseling research or practice. A primary reliance in the counseling professional literature on K. S. Kitchener's original work has likely resulted in a static understanding of the concepts and a concomitant theory–to–application knowledge gap. Implications include a more thorough and ongoing bridging between counseling ethics, philosophical ethics and practice, and a more overt presence of principle ethics.
A Historical Overview and Contemporary Expansion of Psychological Theories of Determinism, Probabilistic Causality, Indeterminate Free Will, and Moral and Legal Responsibility
Authors: Wilks Duffy , Ratheal Juli D'Ann
Published: December 2011

The authors provide a historical overview of the development of contemporary theories of counseling and psychology in relation to determinism, probabilistic causality, indeterminate free will, and moral and legal responsibility. They propose a unique model of behavioral causality that incorporates a theory of indeterminate free will, a concept traditionally assumed to exist by the U.S. legal system, but rejected in counseling theory.
Spirituality and Young Women in Transition: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Livingston Kimberly A. , Cummings Anne L.
Published: December 2011

This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge about spirituality and life transitions. Through qualitative investigation, 9 young women in professional education programs described their definition of spirituality, their spiritual activities, and how they used their spirituality to cope with life transitions as they prepared to enter the workforce. These women viewed spirituality as including connectedness and a special relationship with a Being outside of themselves. Their spiritual activities were private and non‐traditional (e.g., meditation, prayer, being in nature), and most of them reported that their spirituality helped them deal with their life transition.
Writing About Clients: Developing Composite Case Material and Its Rationale
Authors: Duffy Maureen
Published: December 2011

Ethical guidelines of the 4 major professional associations representing counselors and psychotherapists are reviewed. To help clarify thinking about writing up clinical cases, 3 kinds of cases are described. The author concludes that the current guidelines for clinician‐authors in writing about clients for publication or presentation are contradictory and conflicting. The use of composite clinical case material is discussed as having a number of advantages over disguise or consent when writing about clients. Presented are guidelines for developing composite clinical cases and an example of how to use them effectively.
Commentary: Critical Reflections on the Ethical and Professional Considerations in Writing About Clients
Authors: Sink Christopher A.
Published: December 2011

From the standpoint of a journal editor and researcher, this commentary critically reflects on some of the primary notions addressed in the 4 featured articles of the special section, discussing areas of agreement and divergence. As a way of further exploring these ethical and professional concerns, the contentious issue of using school children as case studies in publications and in graduate counseling courses is briefly examined.
Breathwork as a Therapeutic Modality: An Overview for Counselors
Authors: Young J. Scott , Cashwell Craig S. , Giordano Amanda L.
Published: December 2011

Using the breath as a vehicle for accessing psychological material is a topic rarely discussed in the counseling literature, despite the use of conscious engagement with the breath by many spiritual traditions for the purpose of personal transformation. This article describes 3 types of conscious breathing (circular breathing, conscious connected breathing, and fast and full breathing) and the use of therapeutic breathwork within the counseling process. The authors describe the many facets of the breathwork experience, provide a case study, and address clinical considerations when engaging in breathwork with clients.
Spirituality as a Cultural Asset for Culturally Diverse Youth in Urban Schools
Authors: Yeh Christine J. , Borrero Noah E. , Shea Munyi
Published: December 2011

Spiritual issues are culturally important for many youth in urban schools. In this article, the authors describe how spirituality is associated with cultural values, mental health, coping strategies, and adjustment among culturally diverse youth. Using the case of a 17‐year‐old Samoan high school student, the authors demonstrate how spiritual issues related to faith, meaning making, and cultural identity can be addressed in a school counseling context.
Current and Emerging Ethical Issues in Counseling: A Delphi Study of Expert Opinions
Authors: Herlihy Barbara , Dufrene Roxane L.
Published: December 2011

A Delphi study was conducted to ascertain the opinions of panel experts regarding the most important current and emerging ethical issues facing the counseling profession. Expert opinions on ethical issues in counselor preparation also were sought. Eighteen panelists responded to 3 rounds of data collection interspersed with feedback. Themes that emerged as important ethical issues were ensuring that counselors practice ethically and abide by the American Counseling Association (2005) ACA Code of Ethics, dealing with social justice and diversity issues, strengthening the professional identity of counselors, and ensuring competence in providing services within a climate of change.
Initial Validation of the Unfolding Forgiveness Process in a Natural Environment
Authors: Klatt John S. , Enright Robert D.
Published: December 2011

Although the literature on forgiveness is growing, little research exists on the process of forgiveness itself. This study was an initial effort to investigate the forgiveness process within a short‐term longitudinal design. Participants (N = 41) completed 2 measures of forgiveness and a set of short‐answer questions multiple times over 12 weeks. Participants made significant progress toward forgiveness, and the movement toward forgiveness was consistent with the Forgiveness Process Model (Enright & Fitzgibbons, 2000). The qualitative data collected begin to identify the mechanisms people use to move through the forgiveness process. Implications for counseling are drawn.
Type of Offense and Level of Moral Development Among Adult Male Inmates
Authors: PRIEST BOBBY J. , KORDINAK S. THOMAS , WYNKOOP TIMOTHY F.
Published: December 2011

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) was administered to three groups of adult male inmates in two categories to compare their levels of moral development. The distribution of DIT scores was found to be similar to those of nonfelonious samples. Implications for the treatment of offender populations are discussed.
Correlates of Burnout in Inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Therapists
Authors: Elman Barnett D. , Dowd Edmund Thomas
Published: December 2011

Recovering substance abuse therapists had a higher sense of personal accomplishment than nonrecovering therapists. Therapists who had more social support had a greater sense of personal accomplishment. Length of service was related to greater depersonalization and greater personal accomplishment. Burnout was strongly associated with occupational stress. Personal stress was associated with depersonalization.
The Incarcerated Female Felon and Substance Abuse: Demographics, Needs Assessment, and Program Planning for a Neglected Population
Authors: Sanders Jeannette F. , McNeill Kevin F. , Rienzi Beth M. , DeLouth Tara‐Nicholle B.
Published: December 2011

Incarcerated women (203 of 237) completed a needs survey designed by an inmate steering committee. The typical inmate was a European American mother of 2 children. Relevant programming (substance abuse education classes, self‐study programs, didactic groups and workshops) is discussed.
A Protocol for Reducing Juvenile Recidivism Through Relapse Prevention
Authors: Roget Nancy A. , Fisher Gary L. , Johnson Michael L.
Published: December 2011

The connection between alcohol and other drug use and juvenile criminal activities is well established. The source of this connection and specific interventions with juvenile offenders involved in alcohol and drug use are unclear. This article reviews existing literature pertinent to this subject and presents an adolescent‐specific relapse prevention protocol. This protocol provides readers with a structure for assisting substance abusing juvenile offenders.
State Regulations and the ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice: Oil and Water for the Substance Abuse Counselor
Authors: West Paul L. , Mustaine Beverly L. , Wyrick Barry
Published: December 2011

State regulations for substance abuse treatment facilities showed low compliance ratings for counselor, supervisor, and assessor qualifications when compared to the ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice (American Counseling Association, 1995). Similarly, few of the 34 participating states required treatment outcome studies or referenced licensed professional counselors. The authors raised concerns for treatment quality and accountability.
The Effect of Adolescent Sex Offender Abuse History on Counselor Attitudes
Authors: Carone Stacia S. , LaFleur N. Kenneth
Published: December 2011

Counseling students' judgments of adolescent sex offenders with sexual or physical abuse histories were examined. Sexually abused offenders were more desirable as prospective clients than were nonabused offenders. Sexually abused counselors desired to see physically abused offenders as clients over sexually abused offenders. Implications for counseling are presented.
Counseling Students' Conceptions of Substance Dependence and Related Initial Interventions
Authors: Carroll Jane J.
Published: December 2011

Counseling students who have received varying amounts of instruction in substance abuse counseling differ in choices of initial interventions with a hypothetical client and in conceptualization of substance dependence. Findings have implications for counseling practice and counselor education and supervision.
Professional Counseling Versus Specialized Programs for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment
Authors: Polcin Douglas L.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews major recent studies supporting the effectiveness of professional counseling, Alcoholics Anonymous, and specialty programs for treating alcohol and drug problems. The American Society of Addiction Medicine's guidelines for referral to substance abuse services are described along with examples of integrated treatment approaches.
A Typology of Workaholics With Implications for Counselors
Authors: Robinson Bryan E.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a brief review of the research on workaholism and the family and offers a typology of workaholism that more adequately portrays the various work styles of workaholics than have past classifications. This typology, which is based on level of work initiation and work completion, denotes 4 types of workaholics: relentless, bulimic, attention‐deficit, and savoring. Implications of this typology for the practice of counseling are proposed.
Ethnic Differences in Substance Use Patterns in a Sample of Pregnant Substance‐Using Women in Treatment
Authors: Namyniuk Lorraine , Brems Christiane , Kuka‐Hindin Carolee
Published: December 2011

This study investigated substance use patterns among 192 pregnant substance‐using women to assess whether ethnic differences exist regarding drugs of choice, frequency and recency of use, and severity of use. Substance use patterns differed across ethnic groups. Alaska Native women were more likely to choose alcohol as their primary drug of choice and less likely to choose cocaine; White women used a wider variety of substances in their lifetime and used substances more often. Alaska Native women had an earlier age of onset of use and more blackouts. These findings suggest that prevention and intervention efforts have to be tailored to the targeted audience.
The Treatment of Substance‐Abusing Clients in Multiservice Mental Health Agencies: A Practice Analysis
Authors: Von Steen Patty G. , Vacc Nicholas A. , Strickland Ian Marcus
Published: December 2011

This article examines the work behaviors related to counseling substance‐abusing clients by mental health service providers in multiservice mental health agencies. The results support the need for specialized knowledge and skills in working with substance‐abusing clients.
Establishing an Alcohol and Other Drug Assessment and Intervention Program Within an On‐Site Counselor Education Research and Training Clinic
Authors: Juhnke Gerald A. , Huffman Shirley B. , Nilsen Keith A. , Adams Jennifer R. , Dew Brian J. , Jordan Joseph P. , Charkow Wendy B. , Curtis Russell C. , Gmutza Brian M. , Long Jolie A. , Booth Caroline S. , Hagedorn William Bryce , Rubio Paula , Schroat David A.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the Substance Information Program, a university alcohol and other drug (AOD) assessment and intervention program. The Substance Information Program is housed in a counseling department's on‐site training and research clinic and gives counselors‐in‐training an opportunity to gain practical addictions training.
Substance Abuse Counselor Certification Requirements: Is It Time for a Change?
Authors: Mustaine Beverly L. , West Paul L. , Wyrick Barry K.
Published: December 2011

The minimum professional training requirements of 32 state certifying bodies for substance abuse counselors were analyzed. Only 14 of the certifying boards included any of the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs core knowledge areas in their training components for Certified Addictions Counselors. Specific training in counseling and drug and alcohol treatment issues also appeared to be minimal. The lack of specific drug and alcohol training brings the quality of preparation for substance abuse counselors into question.
Concurrent Validity of the Schwartz Outcome Scale With a Chemically Dependent Population
Authors: Laux John M. , Ahern Bob
Published: December 2011

Clients (N = 151) completed the Schwartz Outcome Scale (SOS‐10; M. A. Blais et al., 1999) and the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory‐3 (F. G. Miller & L. E. Lazowski, 1999). The results show a negative relationship between substance use symptoms and SOS‐10 scores and a positive relationship between defensiveness and SOS‐10 scores.
A Preliminary Investigation of College Students' Alcohol Consumption at Two Universities With Limited Greek Systems
Authors: Juhnke Gerald A. , Schroat David A. , Cashwell Craig S. , Gmutza Brian M.
Published: December 2011

At 2 moderately sized, public, urban universities with limited Greek systems, 1,246 college students completed the CORE Survey (C. A. Presley, R. Harrold, E. Scouten, R. Lyerla, & P. W. Meilman, 1994). Serious alcohol‐related behaviors and concerns were noted. Implications of findings and suggestions for addictions counselors are presented.
Resiliency, Risk, and Substance Use Among Hispanic Urban Juvenile Detainees
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth R. , Karcher Michael J. , Kelly Patricia J. , Valescu Smaranda
Published: December 2011

A study of resiliency was conducted among 236 urban juvenile detainees. Findings reveal that resiliency processes related differently to risk and protective factors, differed among ethnic groups, and varied by age and gender among juvenile detainees.
Supportive Distortions: An Analysis of Posts on a Pedophile Internet Message Board
Authors: Malesky L. Alvin , Ennis Liam
Published: December 2011

A covert observation of posts on a pro‐pedophile Internet message board investigated evidence of distorted cognitions that were supportive of sexually abusive behavior. Implications for the treatment and supervision of members of online communities that support pedophilic interests and behaviors are discussed.
An Exploration of Adlerian Lifestyle Themes and Alcohol‐Related Behaviors Among College Students
Authors: Lewis Todd F. , Osborn Cynthia J.
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate college student drinking through the lens of Adlerian theory. In a sample of 273 participants, multiple regression analyses confirmed that certain lifestyle themes were associated with alcohol‐related behaviors and that men and women who engage in drinking differ in their convictions and goals as defined by Adlerian theory.
Restorative Justice: New Horizons in Juvenile Offender Counseling
Authors: Ryals John S.
Published: December 2011

Treatment strategies of the juvenile justice system focus singularly on rehabilitation of offenders, and victims and communities are excluded from the rehabilitative process. Restorative justice views victims and communities as essential components in rehabilitative efforts. Implications for juvenile offender counselors are discussed.
Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling Submission Patterns, Topic Areas, and Authors: 1999–2004
Authors: Juhnke Gerald A. , Bordeau Wendy Charkow , Evanoff James C.
Published: December 2011

In October 2001, an article was published in the Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling (JAOC) to examine the journal's submission patterns, topic areas, and authors from 1979 through 1998. The current authors reviewed articles published in JAOC between 1999 and 2004 to provide an updated analysis of the types of information published in the journal and the authors who submit them.
Treating the Sexually Addicted Client: Establishing a Need for Increased Counselor Awareness
Authors: Hagedorn W. Bryce , Juhnke Gerald A.
Published: December 2011

Seventeen to 37 million Americans struggle with sexual addictions (P. Carnes, 1994b; A. Cooper, D. L. Delmonico, & R. Burg, 2000; B. Morris, 1999; J. L. Wolf, 2000), yet traditionally trained addictions and offender counselors often find themselves unprepared to assist clients who are sexually addicted. This article provides a general overview of the disorder, explores the ongoing definition debate, and offers clinically proven treatment protocols.
Puerto Rican Gangs: A Historical Overview
Authors: Torres‐Rivera Edil , Phan Loan T.
Published: December 2011

This article presents the problem of gangs on the island of Puerto Rico from a historical, economical, and political perspective. Some Puerto Rican historians are convinced that the gang problem in Puerto Rico is due to the political ambiguity and human rights violations of prison inmates (F. Picò, 1998).
Proximal Norms, Selected Sociodemographics, and Drinking Behavior Among University Student Athletes
Authors: Lewis Todd F. , Paladino Derrick A.
Published: December 2011

Few studies have examined social norm theory with subpopulations of college students. In this study, the authors examined the relationships between social norms and student‐athlete drinking. Results suggest drinking is a function of proximal norms, particularly related to teammates. Implications for counselor interventions are discussed.
Relationships Between Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Dissociative Symptoms, and Lifetime Heroin Use Among Individuals Who Abuse Substances in Residential Treatment
Authors: Horton E. Gail , Diaz Naelys , Peluso Paul R. , Mullaney Donald , Weiner Michael , McIlveen John W.
Published: December 2011

This study explored the relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, dissociation, and lifetime heroin use among inpatient clients who abused substances. Results indicate important implications for practice and directions for future research.
A Restorative Justice Approach to Empathy Development in Sex Offenders: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Roseman Christopher P. , Ritchie Martin , Laux John M.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe an exploratory study in sex offender treatment using a restorative justice approach to examine the shame, guilt, and empathy development of convicted sexual offenders. Implications for clinical practice and future research are highlighted.
Using Prayer as an Intervention With Clients Who Are Substance Abusing and Addicted and Who Self‐Identify Personal Faith in God and Prayer as Recovery Resources
Authors: Juhnke Gerald A. , Watts Richard E. , Guerra Norma S. , Hsieh Peggy
Published: December 2011

This article describes how the authors use prayer with clients who self‐identify their personal faith in God and who have used prayer as a helpful recovery agent or who believe prayer would be helpful to their personal recovery.
Using Therapeutic Letters to Navigate Resistance and Ambivalence: Experiential Implications for Group Counseling
Authors: Hagedorn W. Bryce
Published: December 2011

Clients in the early stages of changing addictive behaviors are typically not ready to assume active roles in making significant changes. Navigating these challenges with traditional talk therapy can prove ineffective. Experiential group activities help normalize the difficulties associated with making changes and help clinicians bypass client resistance and ambivalence. The application of one such experiential activity, “Writing a Letter to My Substance/Behavior,” is described and a case study is provided.
Methamphetamine Treatment Issues and Considerations Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Goodrich Kristopher M.
Published: December 2011

Methamphetamine use is epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM), but treatment has lagged for this group. The author reviews literature concerning use, individual effects of the drug, and treatment for MSM and discusses implications for counselor training, future practice, and research.
Using Meditation in Addiction Counseling
Authors: Young Mark E. , DeLorenzi Leigh de Armas , Cunningham Laura
Published: December 2011

Meditation has been studied as a way of reducing stress in counseling clients since the 1960s. Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and new wave behavior therapies incorporate meditation techniques in their programs. This article identifies meditation's curative factors and limitations when using meditation in addiction settings.
Correlates of College Retention and GPA: Learning and Study Strategies, Testwiseness, Attitudes, and ACT
Authors: Kern Carolyn W. , Fagley Nancy S. , Miller Paul M.
Published: December 2011

This study assessed unique contributions of learning, study, and test‐taking strategies; students' attitudes about college; and ACT scores, and linked them to college GPA and to retention. Although several variables contributed significantly to GPA, only GPA made a significant unique contribution to attrition and retention. This suggests that learning and study strategies and students' college attitudes affect attrition indirectly through GPA.
Mexican American and European American College Students' Beliefs About Causes, Cures, and Sources of Help for Anxiety
Authors: Atkinson Donald R. , Abreu José M. , Ortiz‐Bush Yvonne , Brewer Scott
Published: December 2011

Mexican American and European American college students rated an empirically derived list of the causes, cures, and sources of help for anxiety. Main effects were obtained for ethnicity on ratings related to cures and one source of help for anxiety. There were also significant differences in ratings of cause and cure beliefs for anxiety between men and women. Level of acculturation, however, was not found to be related to ratings among the Mexican American participants.
Professional Issues: Alcohol Abuse and College Counseling: An Overview of Research and Practice
Authors: Steenbarger Brett N.
Published: December 2011

Recent research suggests that alcohol abuse is widespread among college students, with approximately 20% of all students qualifying as heavy drinkers and over 40% of students reporting at least 1 binge‐drinking episode in a given 2‐week period. This drinking is associated with a number of adverse consequences, including sexual misconduct, damage to property, academic difficulty, drunk driving, unsafe sex, and suicidality. This article identifies tools that have demonstrated value in detecting and assessing alcohol problems and summarizes those counseling approaches that have been found to be successful and unsuccessful in reducing alcohol consumption. A major conclusion is that the structure and content of most campus counseling services are poorly suited to deliver high quality interventions for students with alcohol problems. Five steps are identified far improving the level of programming for at‐risk college and university students.
Support Groups for College Students With Attention Deficit Disorders
Authors: Bolaski Jon A. , Gobbo Ken
Published: December 2011

The use of support groups for students diagnosed with attention deficit disorders is discussed. The authors also review some of the challenges and issues faced by college students and the benefits of using support groups as a means of exploring some of their concerns. Experience in setting up and facilitating such groups is shared.
Research: FAMILY FUNCTIONING AND EATING DISORDERS AMONG COLLEGE WOMEN: A MODEL OF PREDICTION
Authors: Holston Jill I. , Cashwell Craig S.
Published: December 2011

The overall relationship between family functioning, self‐esteem, and perfectionism and eating disorder behaviors was examined in a sample of 437 college women. Results of the path analysis suggest significant direct and indirect effects. Implications for treatment and early intervention are discussed.
Relationship Dependency, Dating Violence, and Scripts of Female College Students
Authors: Charkow Wendy B. , Nelson Eileen S.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the correlations between the incidence of relationship dependency, the levels of dependency in relationship scripts, and the incidence of dating abuse in a sample of 178 female college students. Results indicated that dependent relationship scripts were significantly and positively correlated with the presence of relationship dependency in dating relationships. Results also indicated that relationship dependency was significantly and positively correlated with the experience of dating abuse, both as victim and as perpetrator. Also, a significant number of the relationship scripts of college females included aspects of dependency and the acceptance of abuse as an acceptable means of conflict resolution.
Attachment Pattern, Reasons for Living, and Suicide Risk Among College Students
Authors: Buelow George , Schreiber Roxanne , Range Lillian M.
Published: December 2011

To explore the relationships between attachment, reasons for living, and suicide, 163 college students completed measures in each domain. Correlations between all measures were significant and in the expected directions. Results indicate that, although survival and coping skills are most associated with low suicidal intentions, students' level of attachment and their view of parents as accessible are also significantly associated with low suicidal intentions.
Counseling Students on the Move: The Effects of Culture of Origin and Permanence of Relocation Among International College Students
Authors: Tatar Moshe , Horenczyk Gabriel
Published: December 2011

This study reports on the differential effects of cultural background and permanence of relocation on the expectations of counseling, the kinds of support sought when approaching a counselor, and the acculturation attitudes among 219 international students from English‐speaking countries and the former Soviet Union attending an Israeli university. Implications for counseling international students are discussed.
Professional Issues: Documentation of Emotional and Mental Disabilities: The Role of the Counseling Center
Authors: Gibson Joan M.
Published: December 2011

Students with emotional disabilities are attending institutions of higher education in increasing numbers. To assist counseling centers in their role of reviewing documentation for accommodation requests, suggestions are offered about who may be qualified to provide the evaluation and what information the evaluation should contain.
Innovative Practice: Sister‐Friends: A Counseling Group for Black Female Undergraduates
Authors: Mitchell Natasha A.
Published: December 2011

Sister‐Friends, a counseling group for Black female undergraduate students, was implemented to help Black female students cope with isolation at a predominantly White university. This group seemed to help members reduce their feelings of isolation and to persist with academic studies during the semester.
Brief Counseling for Problematic Drinking: A University Counseling Center's Model
Authors: Osborn Cynthia J. , Scanlon Catherine R.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the design of a brief counseling model for students presenting with alcohol use concerns at one state university counseling center.