bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in the Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Zotarolimus Eluting Stents Versus Everolimus Eluting Stents: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Basit Jawad , Ahmed Mushood , Shafiq Aimen , Zaheer Zaofashan , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ahmed Aleena , Hamza Mohammad , Naseer Usman , Ali Shafaqat , Gupta Neelesh , Sattar Yasar , Kawsara Akram , Daggubati Ramesh , Alraies M. Chadi
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Long‐term follow‐up results of various trials comparing Zotarolimus eluting stents (ZES) with Everolimus eluting stents (EES) have been published recently. Additionally, over the last decade, there have been new trials comparing the ZES with various commercially available EES. We aim to conduct an updated meta‐analysis in light of new evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide comprehensive evidence regarding the temporal trends in the clinical outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. RCTs comparing ZES with EES for short (<2 years), intermediate (2–3 years), and long‐term follow‐ups (3–5 years) were included. Relative risk was used to pool the dichotomous outcomes using the random effects model employing the inverse variance method. All statistical analysis was conducted using Revman 5.4.

Results

A total of 18 studies reporting data at different follow‐ups for nine trials (n = 14319) were included. At short‐term follow‐up (<2 years), there were no significant differences between the two types of stents (all‐cause death, cardiac death, Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), target vessel myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis or safety outcomes (target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization, target vessel failure, target lesion failure). At intermediate follow‐up (2–3 years), EES was superior to ZES for reducing target lesion revascularization (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.58, p < 0.05). At long‐term follow‐up (3–5 years), there were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the pooled outcomes (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

ZES and EES have similar safety and efficacy at short, intermediate, and long‐term follow‐ups.
Synthesis and Characterization of DHODH Inhibitors Based on the Vidofludimus Scaffold with Pronounced Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Activity
Authors: Gege Christian , Hahn Friedrich , Wangen Christina , Häge Sigrun , Herrmann Alexandra , Uhlig Nadja , Eberlein Valentina , Issmail Leila , Klopfleisch Robert , Grunwald Thomas , Marschall Manfred , Kohlhof Hella , Vitt Daniel
Published: June 2024

New strategies for the rapid development of broad‐spectrum antiviral therapies are urgently required for emerging and re‐emerging viruses like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Host‐directed antivirals that target universal cellular metabolic pathways necessary for viral replication present a promising approach with broad‐spectrum activity and low potential for development of viral resistance. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) was identified as one of those universal host factors essential for the replication of many clinically relevant human pathogenic viruses. DHODH is the rate‐limiting enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, it is also developed as a therapeutic target for many diseases relying on cellular pyrimidine resources, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases and viral or bacterial infection. Thus, several DHODH inhibitors, including vidofludimus calcium (VidoCa, IMU‐838), are currently in development or have been investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of virus infections such as SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). Here, we report the medicinal chemistry optimization of VidoCa that resulted in metabolically more stable derivatives with improved DHODH target inhibition in various mammalian species, which translated into improved efficacy against SARS‐CoV‐2.
γ‐Butyrolactone Derivatives of MSA‐2 are STING Prodrugs
Authors: Schleyer Kelton , Halabi Elias A. , Weissleder Ralph
Published: June 2024

STING agonists are potent enhancers of a pro‐inflammatory response and, thus, potentially useful therapeutics. Unfortunately, many agonists developed to date require complex drug delivery formulations and often have poor water solubility, limiting their use for systemic administration. Here, we report the discovery and chemical characterization of lactones of MSA‐2 as new STING prodrugs with enhanced properties. We show that these prodrugs form efficient inclusion complexes with tumor myeloid cell targeting cyclodextrin nanoparticles and propose a new mechanism of formation and hydrolysis.
From Structure to Catalysis: Advances in Metal‐Organic Frameworks‐Based Shape‐Selective Reactions
Authors: Hooriabad Saboor Fahimeh , Shahsavari Shadab , Zandjou Mahshid , Asgari Mehrdad
Published: June 2024

The presence of shape‐ and size‐selective catalysts in various catalytic reactions is of paramount importance. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a distinctive characteristic of lacking in‐accessible dead spaces, owing to their well‐structured nature. The effective separation of active sites within MOFs is facilitated by their exceptionally high surface area, which allows for a high density of active sites per unit volume of the catalyst. In this comprehensive review article, we delve into one of the most critical and practical features of MOFs: their ability to modify and engineer the structure of these materials. This structural engineering approach enables the attainment of desired physical, chemical, and surface properties, particularly in the realm of heterogeneous catalysts. The article encompasses several key areas, including surface functionalization within MOFs, synthesis of novel enzyme‐inspired MOFs, creation of mesoporous MOFs, development of porous structures utilizing MOFs, and engineering of structural limitations in MOFs. These rapidly advancing and highly applicable topics, especially in the field of heterogeneous catalysts, are thoroughly investigated and analyzed within the purview of this comprehensive review article.
Early diagenetic evolution based on petrography and stable isotope analysis in the Barra Velha Formation of the Brazilian Pre‐salt
Authors: Gomes João Paulo Borges , Bunevich Rodrigo Brandão , Sartorato Ana Carolina Leonel , Tedeschi Leonardo Ribeiro , Tonietto Sandra Nellis , Tucker Maurice Edwin , Whitaker Fiona
Published: June 2024

Mineralogy and texture of diagenetic phases in the Aptian Pre‐Salt Barra Velha Formation are described, quantified and compared by facies and structural setting to understand their spatial and temporal distribution, and to develop predictive concepts for their genesis. This study examined data from eight wells from one oil‐field in the Santos Basin. Calcite is the most abundant mineral and occurs with fibro‐radial texture as spherulites and shrubs and sparse microcrystalline mudstone. The δ18O values from calcite spherulites and shrubs suggest water of similar composition and temperature, but they have different δ13C values. Mudstones show lower δ18O, suggesting warmer lake water and/or lower evaporation, whereas δ13C values indicate a variable, but commonly strong influence of biogenic CO2. Dolomite with rhombohedral habit was the first to precipitate, followed by lamellar, saddle and anhedral varieties. Rhombohedral dolomites show a positive δ13C‐δ18O correlation and a similar range in values to spherulites and shrubs, suggesting similar lake water. The lamellar dolomite is related to biofilms, whereas anhedral dolomite is attributed to mixing of pore and meteoric waters. Lamellar and anhedral dolomites have similar isotopic values, precipitating after rhombohedral dolomite in slightly warmer and/or less evaporatively concentrated pore water. Saddle dolomite is related to hydrothermal fluids that percolated the formation during early diagenesis. Silica occurs as replacement of primary calcite and Mg‐clay, but also as a cement and more rarely as a depositional chert. Both dolomite and silica display a complex range of petrographic textures, many of which are facies dependent. This study focusses on the most important phases of the paragenetic sequence that took place pre‐burial and are (1) formation of Mg‐clay, calcite spherulites and shrubs, (2) partial dolomitisation of shrubs and spherulites and precipitation of rhombohedral and lamellar dolomites, (3) precipitation of saddle dolomite, matrix and carbonate dissolution and (4) anhedral dolomite and all textures of precipitated or substituted silica.
The undetected murder? Evaluation and validation of a practicable and rapid inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry method for the detection of arsenic, lead, and thallium intoxications in postmortem blood
Authors: Wiesen Martin H. J. , Schneider Dennis , Hein Wolfgang , Streichert Thomas , Jübner Martin , Andresen‐Streichert Hilke
Published: June 2024

Homicide, suicide, or accident – elemental intoxication may be a cause in each of these types of deaths. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) has emerged as the gold standard analytical method for toxic metal analysis in both clinical and forensic settings. An ICP‐MS method was developed using a modified acidic workup for the quantitative determination of arsenic, lead, and thallium. Method validation focused on the assessment of linearity, between‐ and within‐day precisions, limits of detection (LoD) and lower limits of quantification (LLoQ), and carryover. The method was applied to analysis of postmortem peripheral blood samples from 279 forensic cases for which orders for chemical–toxicological examination had been received from the public prosecutor's office. Using six‐point and one‐point calibrations (latter for rapid screening purposes), precisions and accuracies ranged from −4.8 to 5.8% and −6.4 to 7.5%. Analytical sensitivities for As, Pb, and Tl were 0.08, 0.18, and 0.01 μg/l (LoD) and 0.23, 0.66, and 0.03 μg/l (LLoQ), respectively. Observed postmortem peripheral blood concentrations were As, 1.31 ± 3.42 μg/L; Pb, 17.4 ± 13.1 μg/L; and Tl, 0.11 ± 0.07 μg/L (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). Elemental concentrations, determined in additional quality control samples, were in good agreement to those obtained with an external ICP‐MS method based on alkaline sample processing. The current method is practicable and compatible with an ICP‐MS system used for trace element analysis in an accredited medical laboratory. It allows for implementation of low‐threshold investigations when metal intoxications are suspected in forensic routine.
Near‐Unity Green Luminescent and Stable Lead‐Free Cs3Cu2Cl5 Nanocrystals Assisted by MnC2O4 Treatment
Authors: Meng Wen , Wang Chuying , Xu Guangyong , Luo Guigen , Deng Zhengtao
Published: June 2024

The toxicity and chemical instability shortcomings of lead halide perovskites are major concerns that continue to motivate the search for next generation alternatives. Copper halides are known to be lead‐free, earth‐abundant, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly, and affordable in optoelectronic performance due to their bright luminescence, tunable emission wavelength, and excellent stability. However, the controlled synthesis of low‐dimensional copper halide nanocrystals (NCs) with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high stability remains a great challenge. In this work, we report a reasonable optimization approach for the preparation of Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs by hot‐injection colloidal synthesis technology. Specifically, the Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs synthesized with MnC2O4 as the defect repair agent exhibited negligible self‐absorption, bright green luminosity with PL emission at about 535 nm and PLQY can be increased from 68.7 % to 100 %. The Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs shows excellent stability and outstanding optical properties, and is expected to be used as highly efficient green light emitter in high‐efficiency X‐ray scintillator.
Global sensitivity and domain‐selective testing for functional‐valued responses: An application to climate economy models
Authors: Fontana Matteo , Tavoni Massimo , Vantini Simone
Published: June 2024

Understanding the dynamics and evolution of climate change and associated uncertainties is key for designing robust policy actions. Computer models are key tools in this scientific effort, which have now reached a high level of sophistication and complexity. Model auditing is needed in order to better understand their results, and to deal with the fact that such models are increasingly opaque with respect to their inner workings. Current techniques such as Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) are limited to dealing either with multivariate outputs, stochastic ones, or finite‐change inputs. This limits their applicability to time‐varying variables such as future pathways of greenhouse gases. To provide additional semantics in the analysis of a model ensemble, we provide an extension of GSA methodologies tackling the case of stochastic functional outputs with finite change inputs. To deal with finite change inputs and functional outputs, we propose an extension of currently available GSA methodologies while we deal with the stochastic part by introducing a novel, domain‐selective inferential technique for sensitivity indices. Our method is explored via a simulation study that shows its robustness and efficacy in detecting sensitivity patterns. We apply it to real‐world data, where its capabilities can provide to practitioners and policymakers additional information about the time dynamics of sensitivity patterns, as well as information about robustness.
An unplugged remix of culturally responsive computing for early childhood education
Authors: Harper Frances K. , Larsen James A. , Quinn Margaret , Caudle Lori , Parker Bethany , Sadovnik Amir ,   The CRRAFT Partnership
Published: June 2024

Despite a growing movement towards expanding computer science education in PreK‐12, gaps in computing opportunities along lines of race, ethnicity, class, and gender have widened. Emergent theories and practices related to culturally responsive computing show promise in addressing this gap; however, little is known about engaging Black, Latinx, and Indigenous preschoolers in computer science. In this paper, we utilized qualitative content analyses to explore how an early childhood computer science curriculum created opportunities for young Black and Latinx preschoolers to develop computational thinking skills while engaging in culturally responsive computing. Overwhelmingly, we found the curriculum, co‐developed with educators and caregivers, emphasized unplugged tools and coding activities to support computational thinking. These unplugged opportunities positioned children as innovators with technology and technosocial change agents, in developmentally‐appropriate, play‐based ways. Findings demonstrate a need to emphasize the value of unplugged tools and coding activities in order to support computational thinking and align the goals of culturally responsive computing with the unique needs of young children. We discuss implications for a theory of culturally responsive computing specifically for early childhood education.
Lactoferrin promotes intestinal stem cell‐mediated epithelial regeneration by activating Wnt signaling
Authors: Yu Weiru , Lin Yingying , Lu Yao , Wang Yuqi , Zhang Dan , Quan Heng , Luo Yujia , Zhang Yuning , Jiang Zhengqiang , Chen Juan , Li Yixuan , Guo Huiyuan
Published: June 2024

Nutritional intervention can greatly benefit people who suffer from side effects of medical treatments by improving intestinal post‐damage recovery. The recovery process is dependent on the regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells, which is driven by Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Lactoferrin (LF) is a natural milk‐abundant protein with several gut health‐related functions such as antibacterial and immunoregulation activities, thus protecting intestine from damage. However, it is unclear whether LF also plays a role in the repair of the injured intestine, despite limited clues on its ability to modulate intestinal epithelial cell growth in vitro. Here, we show that LF accelerates intestinal epithelial recovery after both dextran sulfate sodium challenge on mice and TNF‐α treatment on intestinal organoids. Furthermore, we find LF gives rise to ISC‐mediated epithelial regeneration by directly activating the Lgr5+ stem cells. Finally, we identify Lrp5/Wnt signaling as the key pathway for LF‐enhancing ISC stemness and function. Overall, our study reveals the potential of LF as a nutrient that can be applied to promote intestinal healing.
Tracing the Digital Plant Humanities: Narratives of Botanical Life and Human‐Flora Relations
Authors: Arthur Paul Longley , Ryan John Charles
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we trace the emergence of what we term the digital plant humanities (DPH) as an evolution of burgeoning botanical interest among environmental and digital humanists. We argue that DPH coalesces the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the three research areas of plant humanities, environmental humanities, and digital humanities. After conceptualising DPH, we analyse three projects representative of the emergent field—the Native American Ethnobotany Database; Herbaria 3.0; and Microcosms: A Homage to Sacred Plants of America—while referring to a broader range of formative projects including the Plant Humanities Lab.
Exposure to thiourea during the early stages of development impedes the formation of the swim bladder in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Pillai Lakshmi , Karandikar Shantanu , Pandya Kamya , V.M. Aishwarya , Singh Anjali , Balakrishnan Suresh
Published: June 2024

Thiourea, a widely used agrochemical, is known to inhibit the activity of thyroid peroxidase, a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of thyroid hormones. Thyroid insufficiency compromises the basal metabolic rate in warm‐blooded organisms and embryonic development in vertebrates. In this study, we looked for developmental defects by exposing the zebrafish embryos to an environmentally relevant dose of thiourea (3 mg/mL). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was performed to validate thiourea's presence in the treated zebrafish embryos. Structural anomalies like bent tail and pericardial edema were noticed in 96‐h post‐fertilization (hpf) larvae. On histological examination, underdeveloped swim bladder was noticed in 96 hpf larvae exposed to 3 mg/mL thiourea. The treated larvae also failed to follow the characteristic swimming behavior in response to stimuli due to defective swim bladder. Swim bladder being homologous to the lung of tetrapod, the role of Bmp4, a major regulator of lung development, was studied along with the associated regulatory genes. Gene expression analysis revealed that thiourea administration led to the downregulation of bmp4, shh, pcna, anxa5, acta2, and the downstream effector snail3 but the upregulation of caspase3. The protein expression showed a similar trend, wherein Bmp4, Shh, and Pcna were downregulated, but Cleaved Caspase3 showed an increased expression in the treated group. Therefore, it is prudent to presume that exposure to thiourea significantly reduces the expression of Bmp4 and other key regulators; hence, the larvae fail to develop a swim bladder, a vital organ that regulates buoyancy.
The mixed blessing of work connectivity demands: Self‐regulatory focus as a moderator
Authors: Nie Qi , Lim Vivien K. G. , Peng Jian
Published: June 2024

Due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies, employees increasingly feel pressure to engage in work connectivity behavior after regular working hours (WCBA), giving rise to a novel form of job demand known as WCBA demands. This research examined the upside and downside of WCBA demands. Specifically, we defined WCBA demands as stressors that can be appraised by employees as challenges and/or threats. Challenge appraisals are related to job involvement, which in turn leads to job satisfaction and job performance; threat appraisals are related to job‐induced tension, which in turn leads to family dissatisfaction and family incivility. We also examine regulatory focus as a boundary condition underlying the challenge‐threat paradox of WCBA demands. To test the relationships among our hypotheses, we conducted a daily diary survey study of 176 employee‐supervisor‐spouse triads across five consecutive workdays. The findings show that employees with higher levels of promotion focus were more likely to appraise WCBA demands as challenges, which improved their work outcomes via increased job involvement. Employees with higher levels of prevention focus appraised WCBA demands as threats, which undermined their family outcomes via job‐induced tension. Since these findings assume that WCBA demands act as stressors, we conducted a supplemental qualitative study (N = 19) confirming that employees commonly perceive WCBA demands as stressors. The implications for theory and research are discussed.
Creative Minds: Altered Salience as a Bridge Between Creativity and Psychosis, a Case–Control Study
Authors: Patti Andrea , Merola Giuseppe Pierpaolo , Benedetti Davide , Bozza Bernardo , Pitt Giulia , Pecoraro Vincenzo , D'Anna Gaia , Minotti Giulia ,   PerArt Study Group, Ballerini Andrea , Ricca Valdo
Published: June 2024

Prior studies suggest a multifaceted relationship between creativity and psychopathology, indicating that mild psychopathology might enhance creative behavior. Moreover, similar brain regions may be implicated in both creativity and psychosis. Although aberrant salience (AS) is often associated with psychotic disorders, it could also enhance creative capabilities. This study assesses salience alterations among healthy individuals, artists, and patients with psychosis to investigate its influence on creativity. Three groups were studied: 196 healthy controls, 50 artists from Florence Academy of Fine Arts, and 84 outpatients with a diagnosis of psychosis. They were assessed with the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI). We compared ASI scores among the groups using ANOVA, followed by post‐hoc t‐tests, and adjusted the scores for age, gender, and education through ANCOVA. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in ASI scores among the groups, with artists displaying notably higher ASI scores than both controls and patients. ANCOVA confirmed that group membership was a significant factor influencing ASI scores, while age, gender, and education were not. Additionally, antipsychotic treatment did not significantly impact ASI scores among patients. Rather than an unequivocal marker of pathology, AS might also be interpreted as an anthropological asset, enhancing creative faculties alongside unique perceptual experiences. Education may help individuals in channeling their AS mechanisms through art.
Generalised pustular psoriasis triggered by monkeypox vaccination successfully treated with spesolimab
Authors: Alfonso Jose H. , Bassarova Assia V. , Endre Kim M. A. S. , Sundnes Olav , Lossius Astrid H.
Published: June 2024

Generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) is characterised by a widespread rash with pustules and fever. Clinical and the histological overlap with the delayed hypersensitivity reaction acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis may delay the diagnostics and the initiation of correct treatment. In this case‐report, we describe an Human immunodeficiency virus positive patient with GPP possible triggered by monkeypox vaccination and eventually successfully treated with spesolimab, an interleukin‐36 inhibitor.
Commons are cared for: Coexistence between humans and wild birds on the island of Kihnu, Estonia
Authors: Kalle Raivo , Svanberg Ingvar , Leas Meelis , Prakofjewa Julia , Sartori Matteo , Danto Anatole , Schiavone Achille , Pehlak Hannes , Plaan Joonas , Pieroni Andrea , Sõukand Renata
Published: June 2024

Local knowledge is an essential dimension of humanity's relationship with the environment. Investigating the interdependence between humans and wild birds holds value in fostering a mutually beneficial relationship with avian populations.

Gathering bird eggs is a significant practice for Kihnu islanders in Estonia. There are very few studies of this age‐old, complex knowledge that assess the topic from the perspective of the local community. This paper investigates the reciprocity and the relationality between people and birds and the position of commons in the local community practice of bird semi‐domestication.

Several methods (interviews, participant observation and literature study) were used in data collection. We obtained information on local knowledge concerning 58 bird taxa. Locals named at least 21 bird species from which they have collected eggs. While collecting eggs is a central activity, the relationship surrounding egg collection is far more intricate. Locals take care of nesting boxes in Common Merganser which birds reside, collecting only a few eggs from every box. These nesting boxes are also constructed for passerine birds. Furthermore, caring for birds influences the soundscape of Kihnu and significantly impacts the cultural bond between local communities and the birds. Kihnu islanders are mindful of the changes occurring in the bird population.

The intimate relationship between local people and birds is challenged when traditional ways of life are restricted by stricter nature conservation norms (e.g. banning the collection of bird eggs and visiting islets). However, birdlife is very important in ensuring biocultural diversity. Therefore, this study proposes several important future perspectives in promoting the sustainable development of rural life: (1) the introduction of pluralistic nature protection, including the opinion of local communities in the management of natural resources; (2) the promotion of birds as a means of pest control; and (3) reinforcing the reciprocal coexistence of birds and humans on Kihnu. We advocate for community‐centred nature management which takes into consideration Local Ecological Knowledge and its attached expertise, shared responsibility and benefits, sustainable development trajectories and local community‐based governance systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Preparation of poly(lactic acid) grafted glycidyl neodecanoate by solid phase grafting and its compatibilization for poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composite
Authors: Chen Xiaoting , Chen Enzhao , Wu Kangdi , Li Tianze , Teng Guanqi , Li Baoming
Published: June 2024

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) grafted glycidyl neodecanoate (GND) with a single epoxy group (PLA‐GND) is prepared in this paper by solid phase grafting, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the grafting percentage of PLA‐GND are investigated. Furthermore, PLA‐GND is used as a nonreactive compatibilizer to prepare PLA‐GND/PLA/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) composite by melt blending. The results show that PLA‐GND has the highest grafting percentage of 2.15% when the feed weight ratio of GND to PLA is 0.2, the feed weight ratio of triphenylphosphine to PLA is 0.02, the additive amount of xylene is 1 mL, the reaction temperature is 120°C, and the reaction time is 115 min. The GND segments of PLA‐GND and PBAT segments could form a physical entanglement microdomain because of the similar aliphatic chain of GND and PBAT, which would improve the compatibility of PLA and PBAT. PLA‐GND/PLA/PBAT composite has the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, crystallinity, heat deformation temperature, and melt flow rate at a PLA‐GND content of 5%, which are 38.54 MPa, 118.65%, 15.83 kJ/m2, 5.71%, 65.3°C, and 36.3 g/10 min, 14.53%, 390.90%, 68.94%, 224.43%, 16.19%, and 224.40% higher than those of PLA/PBAT composite, respectively.

Highlights

PLA grafted GND with a single epoxy group is prepared by solid phase grafting.

PLA‐GND as a non‐reactive compatibilizer compatibilizes PLA/PBAT composite.

The similar chain of GND and PBAT is helpful to form the physical entanglement.

The physical entanglement is essential to improve compatibility of PLA and PBAT.

PLA/PBAT composite has excellent overall performance at a PLA‐GND content of 5 wt%.
Unravelling inter‐relations within and between psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology using network analysis
Authors: Vierl Larissa , Wülfing Philipp , Juen Florian , Hörz‐Sagstetter Susanne , Spitzer Carsten , Benecke Cord
Published: June 2024

Abstarct

Psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology are closely inter‐related, but more detailed insight is needed. We investigated these complex inter‐relations using network analysis. A Gaussian graphical model in a sample of N = 2232 psychotherapeutic inpatients was estimated. Self‐administered questionnaires to assess interpersonal relations (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems‐32), psychodynamic conflicts (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis–Conflict Questionnaire), personality functioning (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis–Structure Questionnaire‐Short Form, Inventory of Personality Organization‐Short Form), and psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory) were utilized. We investigated the network structure, identified the most inter‐related psychodynamic constructs and the psychodynamic constructs with the strongest inter‐relations to psychopathology, and explored the clustering of all included constructs. Active and passive conflict processing modes were negatively inter‐related in most conflicts. Passive conflict processing modes were more strongly related to psychopathology than active ones in all conflicts, apart from the care versus autarky conflict. Identity diffusion shared the strongest inter‐relations within psychodynamic constructs. The psychodynamic constructs that were most strongly related to psychopathology were impairments in self‐perception and the passive self‐worth conflict. Psychopathology and psychodynamic constructs formed distinct clusters. Our results emphasize the relevance of personality functioning within psychodynamic constructs and in relation to psychopathology.
Comprehensive Review of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Drug Loading, Release, and Applications as Hemostatic Agents
Authors: Albayati Talib M. , Alardhi Saja M. , Khalbas Ali H. , Humdi Zainab J. , Ali Nisreen S. , Salih Issam K. , Saady Noori M. Cata , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Abdulrahman Mahir A.
Published: June 2024

Recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising candidates in the field of hemorrhage control owing to their extended pore size, high surface area, and excellent biocompatibility. These characteristics directly influence the toxicity of cells, the loading of therapeutic agents, and the release of active ions during the hemostasis process. Therefore, understanding the fundamentals of tuning these characteristics is important to design these types of carriers. While several literature reviews have explored the role of MSNs in hemorrhage control, comprehensive studies focusing on their general characteristics and specific applications remain scarce. This review concentrates on the principles of synthesizing mesoporous silica, the general types of MSNs, techniques for loading drugs methods onto the site of injury, release kinetics models, biocompatibility, toxicity, and the unique properties of MSNs. Furthermore, the article examines the mechanism of action of MSNs as nanomaterial hemostatic agents.
Kinetics of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Thermal Degradation, Induction, Autocatalysis, Glass Transition, Diffusion
Authors: Krongauz Vadim V.
Published: June 2024

Kinetics of non‐oxidative thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticized with di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. PVC thermal degradation autocatalyzed by forming HCl is delayed in the presence of acid scavenging ELO. Direct HCl elimination rates during steady state degradation (induction period) were almost independent on ELO concentration, with rate constants ranging from ≈3.2×10−6 s−1 at 463 K to ≈7.0×10−5 s−1 at 503 K. Activation energy of HCl elimination increased with glass transition temperature (Tg) increase from 136.0 kJ mol−1 at Tg=260.3 K to 141.9 kJ mol−1at Tg=274.2 K. Diffusion coefficients of HCl diffusion in plasticized PVC deduced using Williams‐Landel‐Ferry equation were of the order of 10−4 cm2 sec−1. Calculated activation energy of HCl diffusion in plasticized PVC was ≈30 kJ mol−1. The rate constants of PVC autocatalytic degradation were derived from the experimental data (for the 1st time) using Šesták‐Berggren approach and ranged from 3.2×10−2 sec−1 at 503 K to 4.4×10−3 sec−1 at 463 K. Autocatalysis activation energies ranged from 70.4 kJ mol−1 to 85.1 kJ mol−1 and increased with increase of glass transition temperature. It was established that PVC degradation kinetics was not controlled by HCl diffusion. Compensation effect was observed for initial and catalyzed PVC degradation.
Targeted Modulation of Redox and Immune Homeostasis in Acute Lung Injury Using a Thioether‐Functionalized Dendrimer
Authors: Jiang Xu‐Qin , Wang Wu‐Xuan , Dong Wang , Xie Qiu‐Meng , Liu Qian , Guo Zixuan , Chen Ning , Song Si‐Ming , Jiang Wei , Wu Hui‐Mei
Published: June 2024

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the pathophysiological precursor of acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is characterized by increased oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory response that disrupts redox reactions and immune homeostasis in the lungs, thereby posing significant clinical challenges. In this study, an internally functionalized thioether‐enriched dendrimer Sr‐G4‐PEG is developed, to scavenge both proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restore homeostasis during ALI treatment. The dendrimers are synthesized using an efficient and orthogonal thiol‐ene “click” chemistry approach that involves incorporating thioether moieties within the dendritic architectures to neutralize the ROS. The ROS scavenging of Sr‐G4‐PEG manifests in its capacity to sequester proinflammatory cytokines. The synergistic effects of scavenging ROS and sequestering inflammatory cytokines by Sr‐G4‐PEG contribute to redox remodeling and immune homeostasis, along with the modulation of the NLRP3‐pyroptosis pathway. Treatment with Sr‐G4‐PEG enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ALIs by alleviating alveolar bleeding, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, and suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that Sr‐G4‐PEG is a potent nanotechnological candidate for remodeling redox and immune homeostasis in the treatment of ALIs, demonstrating the great potential of dendrimer‐based nanomedicine for the treatment of respiratory pathologies.
2D Tungsten Borides Induced Interfacial Modulation Engineering Toward High‐Rate Performance Zinc‐Iodine Battery
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Zhang Linghai , Zheng Yunshan , Xu Huifang , Jiang Qingbin , Chen Tianyu , Hui Kwan San , Hui Kwun Nam , Wang Lin , Zha Chenyang
Published: June 2024

Aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to their high energy density and low cost. However, their development is hindered by several drawbacks, including zinc dendrites, anode corrosion, and the shuttle of polyiodides. Here, the design of 2D‐shaped tungsten boride nanosheets with abundant borophene subunits‐based active sites is reported to guide the (002) plane‐dominated deposition of zinc while suppressing side reactions, which facilitates interfacial nucleation and uniform growth of zinc. Meanwhile, the interfacial d‐band orbits of tungsten sites can further enhance the anchoring of polyiodides on the surface, to promote the electrocatalytic redox conversion of iodine. The resulting tungsten boride‐based I2 cathodes in zinc‐iodine cells exhibit impressive cyclic stability after 5000 cycles at 50 C, which accelerates the practical applications of zinc‐iodine batteries.
Supplemental light quality affects optimal seeding density of microgreens
Authors: de Freitas Isabela Scavacini , da Costa Mello Simone , Nemali Krishna
Published: June 2024

Higher seeding densities can negatively affect the yield of microgreens. We quantified the effects of supplemental light quality and seeding density on the yield of microgreens. Seeds of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. esculenta) were grown in a greenhouse and provided with a narrow‐spectrum (or “purple”) and broad‐spectrum (or “white”) supplemental lighting at nighttime. Purple spectrum contained 90% red, 0% green, 10% blue, and 0% far‐red (R90: G0: B10: FR0) light, and white spectrum had 35% red, 42% green, 23% blue, and 0% far‐red light (R35: G42: B23: FR0). Each light quality treatment contained seeding densities of 50, 150, 300, and 450 g m−2. We measured fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) on days 8, 10, 12, and 14 after sowing, relative growth rate (RGR), canopy area (CA), and chlorophyll (chl)a, chlb, betacyanin, and betaxanthin pigments. The optimal seeding density in the white treatment was 300 g m−2, whereas FW increased even at the seeding density of 450 g·m−2 in the purple treatment. The RGR of seedlings decreased with increasing seeding density but was higher by 27.8% in the purple than white treatment. The slope of the relationship between DW and CA (related to photosynthetic efficiency) was higher for the purple than white treatment (0.012 vs. 0.008 g cm−2). The ratio of chla to chlb (related to photosynthetic reaction center activity) increased by 15% in the purple than white treatment. Therefore, higher optimal density in the purple than white light quality treatment is likely due to increased photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings.
Missed opportunities for AI governance: lessons from ELS programs in genomics, nanotechnology, and RRI
Authors: Braun Maximilian , Müller Ruth
Published: June 2024

Since the beginning of the current hype around Artificial Intelligence (AI), governments, research institutions, and the industry invited ethical, legal, and social sciences (ELS) scholars to research AI’s societal challenges from various disciplinary viewpoints and perspectives. This approach builds upon the tradition of supporting research on the societal aspects of emerging sciences and technologies, which started with the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Program in the Human Genome Project (HGP) in the early 1990s. However, although a diverse ELS research community has formed since then, AI’s societal challenges came to be mostly understood under the narrow framing of ethics and disconnected from the insights and experiences of past ELS research. In this article, we make up for this gap and connect insights from past ELS researchers with current approaches to research the societal challenges of AI. We analyse and summarize the history of “ELS programs” (programs that emerged since the HGP to support ELS research in a given domain) as three distinct eras: a genomics era, a nano era, and an RRI era. Each of these eras comprises several achievements and challenges relevant to ELS programs in AI research, such as the setup of independent funding bodies, the engagement of the wider public in research practice, and the increasing importance of private actors. Based on these insights, we argue that AI research currently falls back on self-regulatory, less participatory, and industry-led approaches that trouble ELS programs’ past achievements and hinder opportunities to overcome the still-existing challenges.
Photon-counting CT: technical features and clinical impact on abdominal imaging
Authors: Onishi Hiromitsu , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Nakamoto Atsushi , Ota Takashi , Fukui Hideyuki , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Honda Toru , Kiso Kengo , Matsumoto Shohei , Kaketaka Koki , Enchi Yukihiro , Kawabata Shuichi , Nakasone Shinya , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: June 2024

Photon-counting CT has a completely different detector mechanism than conventional energy-integrating CT. In the photon-counting detector, X-rays are directly converted into electrons and received as electrical signals. Photon-counting CT provides virtual monochromatic images with a high contrast-to-noise ratio for abdominal CT imaging and may improve the ability to visualize small or low-contrast lesions. In addition, photon-counting CT may offer the possibility of reducing radiation dose. This review provides an overview of the actual clinical operation of photon-counting CT and its diagnostic utility in abdominal imaging. We also describe the clinical implications of photon-counting CT including imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastases, hepatic steatosis, pancreatic cancer, intraductal mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, and thrombus.

Graphical Abstract
Concept of a sensor-integrating jaw coupling for measuring operating data
Authors: Ewert Arthur , Menning Johannes D. M. , Prokopchuk Artem , Rosenlöcher Thomas , Henke E.-F. Markus , Wallmersperger Thomas , Schlecht Berthold
Published: June 2024

In recent years, industry and research (i) have driven the development and application of data-driven machines and systems and (ii) have increasingly introduced predictive maintenance. One of the main challenges is the acquisition of representative data for these applications. In the scope of mechanical systems, machine elements are the key parts for measuring process relevant data. Thereby, elastic couplings offer a considerable potential for a wide range of applications. The present work describes a novel space neutral sensor-integrating gear rim of a jaw coupling for the measurement of torque, rotational speed and temperature. The mechanical modifications on the coupling and the applied dielectric elastomer sensor are outlined. Additionally, the electrical conceptualization and the measurement chains are described. A manufactured prototype of the sensor-integrating jaw coupling and a proof of concept are presented.
Exploring the impact of acute viral exposure on clinical characteristics and antibody profiles in antiphospholipid syndrome: a study in CAPSTONE
Authors: Wang Chuhan , Jiang Hui , Chen Siyun , Zhao Yuan , Li Jun , Huang Can , Zhou Yangzhong , Wang Qian , Tian Xinping , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhao Yan , Wu Chuancong , Zhao Jiuliang
Published: June 2024

The relationship between antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and acute viral infection, such as SARS-CoV-2, is unclear. This study aims to assess symptoms, antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) fluctuations, and complication risks in APS patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. APS patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak (October–December 2022) were included. Age- and gender-matched APS patients without infection served as controls. Data on demographics, symptoms, treatments, and serum aPL levels were analyzed. Of 234 APS patients, 107 (45.7%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Typical symptoms included high fever (81.3%), cough/expectoration (70.1%), and pharyngalgia (52.3%). Age- and gender-based matching selected 97 patients in either infected or uninfected group. After infection, anti-β-2-glycoprotein I-IgG (aβ2GP1-IgG) increased from 4.14 to 4.18 AU/ml, aβ2GP1-IgM decreased from 9.85 to 7.38 AU/ml, and anticardiolipin-IgA (aCL-IgA) significantly increased with a median remaining at 2.50 APLU/ml. Lupus anticoagulants and other aPLs remained stable. Arterial thrombosis incidence increased from 18 (18.6%) to 21 (21.6%), while venous thrombosis incidence did not change. Additionally, 7 (6.5%) patients presented either new-onset or worsening thrombocytopenia, characterized by a significant decline in platelet count (no less than 10 × 109/L) within two weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection, all of which recovered within 2 weeks. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce or worsen thrombocytopenia but does not substantially increase thrombotic events in APS. The process of SARS-CoV-2 infection was related to mild titer fluctuation of aβ2GP1-IgG, aβ2GP1-IgM and aCL-IgA in APS patients, necessitating careful monitoring and management.
A note on the 2-colored rectilinear crossing number of random point sets in the unit square
Authors: Cabello S. , Czabarka É , Fabila-Monroy R. , Higashikawa Y. , Seidel R. , Székely L. , Tkadlec J. , Wesolek A.
Published: June 2024

Let $$S$$
S
be a set of four points chosen independently, uniformly at random from a square. Join every pair of points of $$S$$
S
with a straight line segment. Color these edges red if they have positive slope and blue, otherwise. We show that the probability that $$S$$
S
defines a pair of crossing edges of the same color is equal to $$1/4$$

1
/
4

. This is connected to a recent result of Aichholzer et al. [1] who showed that by 2-colouring the edges of a geometric graph and counting monochromatic crossings instead of crossings, the number of crossings can be more than halved.
Our result shows that for the described random drawings, there is a coloring of the edges such that the number of monochromatic crossings is in expectation $$\frac{1}{2}-\frac{7}{50}$$

1
2

-

7
50

of the total number of crossings.
GFPT2 expression is induced by gemcitabine administration and enhances invasion by activating the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Miyazaki Kent , Ariake Kyohei , Sato Satoko , Miura Takayuki , Xun Jingyu , Douchi Daisuke , Ishida Masaharu , Ohtsuka Hideo , Mizuma Masamichi , Nakagawa Kei , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki
Published: June 2024

Our previous studies revealed a novel link between gemcitabine (GEM) chemotherapy and elevated glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) expression in pancreatic cancer (PaCa) cells. GFPT2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). HBP can enhance metastatic potential by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to further evaluate the effect of chemotherapy-induced GFPT2 expression on metastatic potential. GFPT2 expression was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model following GEM exposure and in clinical specimens of patients after chemotherapy using immunohistochemical analysis. The roles of GFPT2 in HBP activation, downstream pathways, and cellular functions in PaCa cells with regulated GFPT2 expression were investigated. GEM exposure increased GFPT2 expression in tumors resected from a mouse xenograft model and in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). GFPT2 expression was correlated with post-operative liver metastasis after NAC. Its expression activated the HBP, promoting migration and invasion. Treatment with HBP inhibitors reversed these effects. Additionally, GFPT2 upregulated ZEB1 and vimentin expression and downregulated E-cadherin expression. GEM induction upregulated GFPT2 expression. Elevated GFPT2 levels promoted invasion by activating the HBP, suggesting the potential role of this mechanism in promoting chemotherapy-induced metastasis.
Preference for sons: still a trend? Evidence from individual-level data from Finland, 1960–2015
Authors: Riukula Krista
Published: June 2024

Preference for sons has been shown in various ways, but is it still up to date? I investigate how sex preference has evolved during the past 50 years using population-wide data from Finland. I find that having a first-born girl increases fertility and decreases the probability of being together with the child’s father in the 1960s to 1980s but not after the 1990s. Families with a first-born girl had 0.03 more children in the years 1960–1980. The effect decreases to an imprecise zero in the 1990s and to 0.007 fewer children in the 2000s. This shift occurs at the same time as the female and male employment rates approach each other. As the costs of raising a girl are not greater than those of raising a boy in Finland, the results suggest that the shift might be due to increased female bargaining power. Past literature has shown that females prefer girls over boys or are more neutral than males, who prefer having sons over daughters more often.