bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL IDENTITY-BASED KEY-INSULATED CONVERTIBLE AUTHENTICATED ENCRYPTION SCHEME
Authors: LIN HAN-YU , HSU CHIEN-LUNG
Published: April 2011

For securing confidential applications such as credit card transactions, on-line auctions and business contract signing, etc., a convertible authenticated encryption (CAE) scheme simultaneously satisfying the properties of authenticity, confidentiality and non-repudiation is a better choice. By combining the advantages of identity-based systems and key-insulated ones, in this paper, we propose the first novel identity-based key-insulated CAE (IB-KICAE) scheme from pairings. Integrating with key-insulated systems, our scheme can effectively mitigate the impact caused by key exposure, as each user can periodically update his private key while the corresponding public one remains unchanged. The proposed scheme is conversion-free and supports unbounded time periods and random-access key-updates. Moreover, to guarantee its practical feasibility, the essential security requirement of confidentiality against indistinguishability under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2) and that of unforgeability against existential forgery under adaptive chosen-message attacks (EF-CMA) are realized in the random oracle model.
Quantifying the Performance of Quantum Codes
Authors: Cafaro Carlo , L'Innocente Sonia , Lupo Cosmo , Mancini Stefano
Published: April 2011

We study the properties of error correcting codes for noise models in the presence of asymmetries and/or correlations by means of the entanglement fidelity and the code entropy. First, we consider a dephasing Markovian memory channel and characterize the performance of both a repetition code and an error avoiding code ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively) in terms of the entanglement fidelity. We also consider the concatenation of such codes ([Formula: see text]) and show that it is especially advantageous in the regime of partial correlations. Finally, we characterize the effectiveness of the codes [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by means of the code entropy and find, in particular, that the effort required for recovering such codes decreases when the error probability decreases and the memory parameter increases. Second, we consider both symmetric and asymmetric depolarizing noisy quantum memory channels and perform quantum error correction via the five-qubit stabilizer code [Formula: see text]. We characterize this code by means of the entanglement fidelity and the code entropy as function of the asymmetric error probabilities and the degree of memory. Specifically, we uncover that while the asymmetry in the depolarizing errors does not affect the entanglement fidelity of the five-qubit code, it becomes a relevant feature when the code entropy is used as a performance quantifier.
Energy as an Entanglement Indicator
Authors: Michalski Miłosz
Published: April 2011

We explore the method of constructing an entanglement witness utilising the Hamiltonian of a physical system in consideration. Already a partial knowledge of the energy spectrum allows one not only to detect entanglement in thermal equilibrium states, but also to discriminate among its various multipartite genres. We propose an efficient approximate algorithm producing a witness capable of detecting genuine n-partite entanglement. As an illustration, the method is applied to an analytically computable example of anisotropic XXZ Heisenberg chain.
On Application of Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad Equation in Cognitive Psychology
Authors: Asano Masanari , Ohya Masanori , Tanaka Yoshiharu , Khrennikov Andrei , Basieva Irina
Published: April 2011

We proceed towards an application of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics to cognitive psychology — the problem of decision-making in games of the Prisoners Dilemma type. These games were used as tests of rationality of players. Experiments performed in cognitive psychology by Shafir and Tversky [1, 2], Croson [3], Hofstader [4, 5] demonstrated that in general real players do not use "rational strategy" provided by classical game theory; this psychological phenomenon was called the disjunction effect. We elaborate a model of quantum-like decision making which can explain this effect ("irrationality" of plays). Our model is based on quantum information theory. The main result of this paper is the derivation of Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad equation whose equilibrium solution gives the quantum state used for decision making. It is the first application of this equation in cognitive psychology.
From Cryptography to Biology and Vice Versa
Authors: Regoli Massimo
Published: April 2011

We introduce a new symmetric cryptographic algorithm, based on the biological principle of redundancy. This algorithm has very good security and statistical properties. In addition, it suggests a nontrivial information-theoretical interpretation of the redundancy mechanism in DNA sequences which does not seem to be present in biological literature: according to this interpretation the introns do not directly code information, but play an essential role in the decoding procedure.
The Effect of Al on a Red Shift in LaSi3N5:Ce3+ Phosphors
Authors: Woong Park Ji , Pal Singh Satendra , Sohn Kee-Sun
Published: April 2011

Blue-emitting LaSi3N5:Ce3+ phosphors, with an orthorhombic structure and a P212121 symmetry, could be used for UV chip-based white light emitting diodes (WLED). However, the application of these phosphors to WLEDs has been restricted because of an unsatisfactory excitation efficiency in the wavelength range that is used by most WLED applications to pump phosphors. Al was introduced into LaSi3N5:Ce3+ to facilitate a single-phase synthesis and to red-shift the excitation band toward a desirable wavelength region. As a result, a single-phase LaSi3−3x/4AlxN5:Ce3+ (or LaSi3−xAlxN5−xOx:Ce3+) solid solution was obtained with the well-defined P212121 structure maintained. The red shift was attributed to the enhanced centroid shift and to a reduced Ce-N bond length caused by the Al inclusion.
Hydrostatic Parameters and Domain Effects in Novel 2-2 Composites Based on PZN-0.12PT Single Crystals
Authors: Topolov Vitaly Yu. , Glushanin Sergei V. , Panich Alexander A.
Published: April 2011

A novel 0.88Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.12PbTiO3 crystal/polymer composite with 2-2 connectivity is studied at variable orientations of spontaneous polarisation vector of the crystal component. Orientation and volume-fraction dependences of the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients
dh*, eh*, and
gh* and hydrostatic electromechanical coupling factor
kh* are related to the important role of the piezoelectric and elastic anisotropy of single-domain layers of the 2-2 composite. The record value of |eh∗|≈77 C/m2 near the absolute-minimum point and the correlation between the hydrostatic (eh*) and piezoelectric (e3j*) coefficients and between the hydrostatic (gh*) and piezoelectric (g3j*) coefficients are first established. This discovery is of value for hydrostatic and piezotechnical applications. The hydrostatic performance of the composite based on the single-domain 0.88Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.12PbTiO3 crystal is compared to the performance of the 2–2 composites based on either the same polydomain crystal or the related single-domain crystal.
Phase I Clinical Study of the Dietary Supplement, Agaricus blazei Murill, in Cancer Patients in Remission
Authors: Ohno Satoshi , Sumiyoshi Yoshiteru , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Shirato Akitomi , Kyo Satoru , Inoue Masaki
Published: April 2011

Although many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine, including Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM), safety is not yet well understood. Cancer survivors took 1.8, 3.6, or 5.4 g ABM granulated powder (Kyowa Wellness Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) per day orally for 6 months. Adverse events were defined by subjective/objective symptoms and laboratory data according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (NCI‐CTCAE v3.0). Seventy‐eight patients were assessed for safety of ABM (30/24/24 subjects at 1/2/3 packs per day, resp.). Adverse events were observed in 9 patients (12%). Most were digestive in nature such as nausea and diarrhea, and one patient developed a liver dysfunction‐related food allergy, drug lymphocyte product. However, none of these adverse events occurred in a dose‐dependent manner. This study shows that ABM does not cause problems in most patients within laboratory parameters at the dosages tested over 6 months. This trial supports previous evidence that the ABM product is generally safe, excluding possible allergic reaction.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Property of Leaf Extracts ofVitex donianaandMucuna pruriens
Authors: Agbafor K. N. , Nwachukwu N.
Published: April 2011

Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse disease states. The phytochemical screening and antioxidant property of fresh leaves ofVitex donianaandMucuna pruriens, used in the management and treatment of various diseases, were studied. The extracts (ethanol and distilled water) were screened for the presence of phytochemicals, and their inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical was used to evaluate their free radical scavenging activity. Liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4) treated albino rats were also used to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The animals were treated with 250 mg/kg body weight of the extracts for six consecutive days before a single dose (2.5 mL/kg body weight) of CCl4. Vitamin C was used as the standard antioxidant. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and flavonoids in all the extracts, while alkaloids were detected in extracts ofVitex donianaonly, and cardiac glycosides occurred in extracts ofMucuna pruriensonly. All the extracts inhibited DPPH radical in a concentration-dependent manner, water extract ofVitex donianaproducing highest inhibition which was not significantly different (P>.05) from vitamin C. The extracts produced a significant decrease (P<.05) in liver MDA, while the levels of SOD and CAT significantly increased (P<.05) relative to the positive control. These results are an indication of antioxidant potential of the extracts and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of these plants.
Antibiotic Combinations with Daptomycin for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Authors: Nadrah Kristina , Strle Franc
Published: April 2011

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with a unique mechanism of action on Gram-positive bacteria. It is approved for treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections with Gram-positive bacteria, bacteraemia and right-sided infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Diminishing susceptibility of S. aureus to daptomycin during treatment of complicated infections and clinical failure have been described. Combinations of daptomycin with other antibiotics including gentamicin, rifampin, beta-lactams, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), or clarithromycin present a new approach for therapy. In vitro and animal studies have shown that such combinations may, in some cases, be superior to daptomycin monotherapy. In this paper we focus on the antibiotic combinations for complicated S. aureus infections.
On the Exact Analytical Solutions of Certain Lambert Transcendental Equations
Authors: Perovich S. M. , Tosic D. V. , Bauk S. I. , Kordic S.
Published: April 2011

The subject matter of this paper is the Special Trans Functions Theory (STFT) in finding the exact analytical closed form solutions (the new
special tran functions) of certain Lambert transcendental equations. Note that these Lambert transcendental equations frequently appear in applied physics
and engineering domain. The structure of the theoretical derivations, proofs, and numerical results confirms validity and basic principles of the STFT. Undoubtedly,
the proposed exact analytical approach implies the qualitative improvements of the conventional methods and techniques.
Pilot Scheme of Health Policy in Stroke Adjuvant Acupuncture Therapy for Acute and Subacute Ischemic Stroke in Taiwan
Authors: Wei Yi-Chia , Sun Mao-Feng , Chang Ku-Chou , Chang Chee-Jen , Hung Yu-Chiang , Lin Yu-Jr , Chiu Hsien-Hsueh Elley
Published: April 2011

To reduce the health care burden of strokes, the Taiwan Department of Health launched the Pilot Scheme of the Health Policy in Stroke Adjuvant Acupuncture Therapy (HPSAAT) in 2006. This cross‐sectional, hospital‐based, match‐controlled study at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital‐Kaohsiung Medical Center during 2006~2008 retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics of acute and subacute ischemic stroke patients who electively joined the HPSAAT. The study also evaluated the safety and clinical benefits of adjuvant acupuncture in treating acute and subacute ischemic stroke patients.
Twenty‐six HPSAAT participants and 52 age‐sex matched random controls were enrolled. The stroke baseline of the HPSAAT participants was more severe than the non‐HPSAAT controls. Although the stroke severity closely correlates to mortality and comorbidity, this study noted no significant complications in the HPSAAT participants during the acupuncture treatment course. Adjuvant acupuncture was considered safe at the acute and subacute stages of ischemic stroke. Due to uneven baseline severity, the clinical benefits in reducing neurological deficits and functional recovery were not concluded in this study.
Production of β-Glucosidase from a Newly IsolatedAspergillusSpecies Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Vaithanomsat Pilanee , Songpim Molnapat , Malapant Taweesiri , Kosugi Akihiko , Thanapase Warunee , Mori Yutaka
Published: April 2011

A newly isolated fungusAspergillus nigerSOI017 was shown to be a good producer of β-glucosidase from all isolated fungal strains. Fermentation condition (pH, cellobiose concentration, yeast extract concentration, and ammonium sulfate concentration) was optimized for producing the enzyme in shake flask cultures. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of 4 fermentation parameters (yeast extract concentration, cellobiose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH) on β-glucosidase enzyme production. Production of β-glucosidase was most sensitive to the culture medium, especially the nitrogen source yeast extract. The optimized medium for producing maximum β-glucosidase specific activity consisted of 0.275% yeast extract, 1.125% cellobiose, and 2.6% ammonium sulfate at a pH value of 3.
A Sphingosine Kinase Form 2 Knockout Sensitizes Mouse Myocardium to Ischemia/Reoxygenation Injury and Diminishes Responsiveness to Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Vessey Donald A. , Li Luyi , Jin Zhu-Qiu , Kelley Michael , Honbo Norman , Zhang Jianqing , Karliner Joel S.
Published: April 2011

Sphingosine kinase (SphK) exhibits two isoforms, SphK1 and SphK2. Both forms catalyze the synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid involved in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Since the ratio of SphK1 : SphK2 changes dramatically with aging, it is important to assess the role of SphK2 in IR injury and IPC. Langendorff mouse hearts were subjected to IR (30 min equilibration, 50 min global ischemia, and 40 min reperfusion). IPC consisted of 2 min of ischemia and 2 min of reperfusion for two cycles. At baseline, there were no differences in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), ± dP/dtmax, and heart rate between SphK2 null (KO) and wild-type (WT) hearts. In KO hearts, SphK2 activity was undetectable, and SphK1 activity was unchanged compared to WT. Total SphK activity was reduced by 53%. SphK2 KO hearts subjected to IR exhibited significantly more cardiac damage (% infarct size) compared with WT (% infarct size); postischemic recovery of LVDP was lower in KO hearts. IPC exerted cardioprotection in WT hearts. The protective effect of IPC against IR was diminished in KO hearts which had much higher infarction sizes (%) compared to the IPC/IR group in control hearts (%). Western analysis revealed that KO hearts had substantial levels of phosphorylated p38 which could predispose the heart to IR injury. Thus, deletion of the SphK2 gene sensitizes the myocardium to IR injury and diminishes the protective effect of IPC.
Short-Term Effects of Muscular Denervation and Fasciotomy on Global Limb Variables during Locomotion in the Decerebrate Cat
Authors: Stahl Victoria A. , Nichols T. Richard
Published: April 2011

The motor system is capable of preserving the trajectories during locomotion of task level variables such as limb length and limb orientation in the face of paralysis of major muscle groups. This compensation is accomplished by the adjustment of the kinematics of joints other than the one most affected by the paralysis. The conservation of these task level variables could be accomplished quickly by feedback regulation or intrinsic mechanics, or by a longer-term adaptive process. We investigated the immediate effects of denervation of the triceps surae muscles in one limb of stepping, decerebrate cats to determine whether task level variables were preserved by short-term regulatory or intrinsic mechanisms. We further investigated the effects of disruption of the crural fascia in conjunction with denervation of the triceps surae muscles to determine whether the system consisting of multi-articular muscles of the thigh and crural fascia provided some contribution toward the preservation of limb length and orientation. Denervation led to substantial increases in ankle yield during stance, as previously observed, but also to significant decreases in limb length during early stance. Disruption of the crural fascia did not lead to increased ankle yield but, instead, to evidence for decreased propulsion. The results suggest that the preservation of task level variables observed in other studies does not result from online error correction or intrinsic properties of the musculoskeletal system but, by inference, from longer-term neural adaptation.
Natural Killer Cells and Solid Tumors
Authors: Stojanovic Ana , Cerwenka Adelheid
Published: April 2011

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the innate immune response against cancer, in particular in the elimination of tumor metastases and small tumors. NK cell-mediated control of large solid tumors is usually not efficient, although tumors often express high amounts of activating ligands and low levels of inhibitory ligands, such as MHC class I. Thus, we assume that these tumors might be good targets for NK cell-mediated attack. In vitro, NK cells directly kill tumor cells and release soluble factors that affect both innate and adaptive immune responses. To date, in vivo NK cell activation during tumor progression, the influence of the tumor microenvironment on NK cells, and the mechanisms that interfere with their effector function in cancer patients are not completely understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge of NK cells in solid tumors. We will discuss the impact of novel insights into NK cell responses against tumors on the design of NK cell-based therapies.
Factors Influencing Adolescent Blood Pressure: The Debrecen Hypertension Study
Authors: Katona Éva , Zrínyi Miklós , Komonyi Éva , Lengyel Szabolcs , Paragh György , Zatik János , Fülesdi Béla , Páll Dénes
Published: April 2011

Aim: To obtain epidemiological data on the blood pressure (BP) status of high school students and factors influencing BP. Methods: Subjects filled out a questionnaire and three repeated BP measurements were taken. All high school attending students in Debrecen (final sample n = 10,194, mean age 16.6 ± 1.0 years) participated in the study. Results: Boys had significantly higher systolic BP (+11.3 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (+2.2 mm Hg) than girls (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between weight and BP (rsyst = 0.42, rdiast = 0.29), height and BP (rsyst = 0.33, rdiast = 0.15), body mass index (BMI) and BP (rsyst = 0.31, rdiast = 0.27). Multiple regression was used for statistical analysis. Gender (β = 0.36), BMI (β = 0.25), hypertension of parents (father β = 0.04 and mother β = 0.02), smoking, alcohol consumption and age determined systolic outcomes in descending order. For the diastolic model, BMI remained a strong determining factor (β = 0.25) and gender was also significant (β = –0.09). Entering independents together accounted for 28.2% of the total variance in systolic and for 18.1% in diastolic BP. Conclusion: Body weight is central to determining BP. Because that is an alterable cardiovascular risk factor, we presume that lifestyle modification will not only result in reduced weight, but also in decreased BP.
When a Constitutional Amendment Violates the "Substantive Core": The Czech Constitutional Court's September 2009 Early Elections Decision
Authors: Williams Kieran
Published: April 2011

In September 2009, the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic blocked the early dissolution of the lower house of the national legislature, as it had not taken place in the set of circumstances envisioned by the 1992 Czech Constitution. Instead, it had taken place by a special ad hoc constitutional amendment to shorten the normal term of office. The Court ruled that this amendment, although enacted in the correct procedure, violated core values of the Constitution. This article provides a full background to the case, analysis of the arguments developed by the petitioner, the court's reasoning, the impact of the decision and comparison with similar rulings by the high courts in other countries.
Sperm development and structure in Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea: Aphelenchoididae)
Authors: Yushin Vladimir , Ryss Alexander
Published: April 2011

Spermatogenesis in Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, described using TEM, is similar to that of the 'rhabditid' nematodes. The development includes formation of complexes of fibrous bodies (FB) and membranous organelles (MO) which appear in spermatocytes; the complexes dissociate in the spermatids; the immature sperm contains separate FB and MO and transformation continues only after activation in the female gonoduct. The spermatheca contains mature spermatozoa as bipolar cells subdivided into one large pseudopod and a main cell body containing a nucleus without a nuclear envelope, numerous mitochondria and peripheral membranous organelles opening to the exterior via pores. Pale reticulate bodies appearing in the B. mucronatus spermatids have no analogies in other nematode spermatogeneous cells. An unusual feature of B. mucronatus spermatozoa is the presence of a very large knob-like projection on each MO marking the pole which joins to the sperm plasmalemma to form a specific pore during in utero spermatozoon activation. The spermatogenesis of B. mucronatus resembles that of Aphelenchoides blastophthorus, although transparent vesicles in spermatids and spermatozoa, filopodia with microtubule-like fibres of immature spermatozoa, eccentric nucleus and multiple pseudopods of the mature spermatozoa distinguish spermatogenesis of the latter from the former. Spermatogenesis includes distinct cytomorphological features that may possibly be used to separate the Bursaphelenchus species and trace their phylogenetic relations.
Steinernema everestense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new species of entomopathogenic nematode from Pakhribas, Dhankuta, Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Hira Kaji , Waeyenberge Lieven , Moens Maurice , Khatri-Chhetri Hari Bahadur , Spiridonov Sergei
Published: April 2011

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema everestense n. sp., was recovered from soil samples collected from Pakhribas, Dhankuta district of Nepal, during a survey in 2007. The analysis of ITS-rDNA and D2D3 LSU sequences placed S. everestense n. sp. in the feltiae-kraussei-oregonense group. The nematode can be separated from other described species of Steinernema by morphological and morphometric characteristics and by characterisations and phylogeny inferred from DNA sequences of the D2D3 LSU or ITS regions of rDNA. For infective juveniles, the new species can be recognised by the body length of 775 (705-838) μm, pharynx 119 (110-130) μm long, H% = 61 (47-68) and E% = 78 (60-89). The lateral field pattern is 2, 8, 6, 4, 3. The males have well curved, brownish-yellow spicules with a prominent but short velum, gubernaculum plump, boat-shaped to almost straight in lateral view, cuneus long, needle-shaped, corpus with two wings in ventral view. Spicule and gubernaculum length of the first generation males is 79 (65-87) μm and 50 (39-57) μm, respectively. A tail mucron is present in both male generations. Genital papillae total 23 or 25, comprising 11 or 12 pairs and a single midventral papilla. Specimens with 23 genital papillae have eight precloacal pairs (seven pairs subventral and one pair lateral), two pairs subterminal and one pair subdorsal. The most posterior two pairs are consistently located near the tail tip. The specimens with 25 genital papillae have an extra adcloacal pair of papillae and the anteriormost two pairs are close together. The vulva is slightly protruding, mostly with equal lips, and low epiptygmata. A post-anal swelling is developed in most first and all second generation females.
Decline of Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus arabocoffeae populations after death and removal of 5-year-old arabica coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Catimor) trees
Authors: Nguyen Chau , Moens Maurice , Wesemael Wim , Trinh Phap
Published: April 2011

The decline of populations of the plant-parasitic nematodes Radopholus arabocoffeae and Pratylenchus coffeae was studied after the death and removal of severely damaged coffee plants (Coffea arabica cv. Catimor) in a field naturally infested with both nematodes. Soil samples were taken at monthly intervals up to a depth of 70 cm and divided into 10 cm segments from which nematodes were extracted. The numbers of R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae in soil and in root fragments were determined. Both species were found up to 70 cm depth. Densities of R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae populations declined exponentially over time in all soil layers. No nematodes were found in soil and root fragments 10 and 11 months after removal of the infected coffee plants for R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae, respectively. Arabica coffee seedlings were planted in soil collected from the experimental plots after these time periods. The seedlings were grown for 3 months in a glasshouse and then roots and soil were analysed for presence of both nematode species. No R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae were found, confirming that the population in the field had completely declined. The results of this experiment demonstrate that a replant of coffee is possible 1 year after removal of infected plants from a plantation without any further (chemical) control measures.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Caloosia longicaudata (Loos, 1948) Siddiqi & Goodey, 1963 (Nematoda: Caloosiidae) from Maui, the Hawaiian Islands with notes on some species of the genus
Authors: van den Berg Esther , Subbotin Sergei , Tiedt Louwrens
Published: April 2011

Caloosia longicaudata is described from Maui, the Hawaiian Islands, for the first time and both sexes are characterised morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. Molecular characterisation of C. longicaudata using the D2-D3 domain of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences is also provided. The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other representatives of the suborder Criconematina are presented and discussed. A diagnostic PCR-ITS-RFLP profile for C. longicaudata is given together with an identification table for eight species of Caloosia. Caloosia langola n. comb. is transferred to the genus and C. shorai is synonymised with H. psidii.
For EveryManc a Religion: Biblical and Religious Language in the Manchester Music Scene, 1976-1994
Authors: Crossley James
Published: April 2011

1976-1994 marks a distinctive period in Mancunian popular music history. During this period, biblical language was used extensively. However, such use is markedly different at the beginning and end of our period. At the beginning, biblical language was used in the name of dark introspection, cynical observation, nihilism and pessimism; by the end, such language was largely being used in the name of self-congratulation, self-importance, hedonism, and (largely misguided) optimism. Social, cultural, economic and biographical reasons are given for this shift.
The Biblical Man in Black: Paul in Johnny Cash/Johnny Cash in Paul
Authors: Twomey Jay
Published: April 2011

Johnny Cash was well known as a singer and songwriter, of course, but he also wrote a historical novel about Paul. This paper takes that novel, and the biblical studies research Cash drew upon in writing it, as a point of departure for a reading of Cash's music as evidence of the singer-turned-novelist's lyrical Paulinism. It surveys some available reception methodologies, especially those relevant to a study of the Bible in popular music, and then explores Cash's lyrical oeuvre for actual quotations from, or even potential traces or echoes of, Paul. Toward the end the paper 'reverses the hermeneutical flow' by reading Paul in terms of Cash's early hit "I Walk the Line."
Phenomenological Psychology: A Brief History and Its Challenges
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo
Published: April 2011

The phenomenology-psychology dialogue has been taking place for over 100 years now and it is still not clear how the two disciplines relate to each other. Part of the problem is that both disciplines have developed complexly with competing, not easily integratable perspectives. In this article the Husserlian phenomenological perspective is adopted and Husserl’s understanding of how phenomenology can help psychology is clarified. Then the usage of phenomenology within the historical scientific tradition of psychology is examined to see the senses of phenomenology that were employed in that tradition. The German literature of psychology between the founding of the discipline and the beginning of the Nazi regime indicates quite clearly that the phenomenological perspective was part of the mainstream psychology of that era. The article ends by listing four difficult challenges that have to be met if a viable psychology based upon Husserlian phenomenology is to be possible.
Autoethnography and Existentialism: The Conceptual Contributions of Viktor Frankl
Authors: Esping Amber
Published: April 2011

The author introduces the existential psychology of the Austrian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl (1905‐1997). The article describes several theoretical ideas and perceptual metaphors derived from Frankl’s scholarship that make it useful as a philosophical and historical underpinning for the practice of autoethnography. Frankl asserted that each individual’s disposition (natural talents and limitations), situation (external circumstances), and position (freely chosen attitude toward disposition and situation) work together to create a uniquely valuable and incommutable individual perspective. This incommutability suggests that the value of autoethnographic social science is based on the opportunities derived from the particular, not the general. Frankl’s work also demonstrates that transsubjectivity is best facilitated when several autoethnographers take advantage of their unique combinations of disposition, situation and position rather than when a single autoethnographer tries to move into multiple positions simultaneously. Psychologists who publish autoethnography may find Frankl’s ideas and metaphors useful for conceptualizing and defending their own scholarship.
The Experience of Self-Discovery and Mental Change in Female Novice Athletes in Connection to Marathon Running
Authors: Giorgi Barbro , Boudreau Alison L.
Published: April 2011

This article evaluates the experience of an extraordinary mental change of novice female runners that is connected to long-distance running. Two female participants were interviewed regarding their life-changing experience associated with endurance exercise. Descriptions of the lived experience from women who train for marathons were gathered and a phenomenological analysis of the data was conducted which suggests that the women underwent a mental change that improved their self-confidence and enhanced relationships with their selves and others. The six constituents that emerged were: Participants Perception of an Enhancing Outdoor Environment, Life-Style Changes Resulting in More Openness to Others and Self, Discoveries Concerning Self-Improvements, Sustaining a Desired Mental Disposition, Empowerment in Considering New Possibilities, and Support for Encountering Future Challenges. This article demonstrates how a mental change associated with long-distance running positively impacts participants’ personal and professional lives.
Rorty or Kierkegaard: Social Amelioration, Truth and the Ground of Cornel West’s Normative Commitments
Authors: Libby Christopher J.
Published: April 2011

This article examines the work of Cornel West as a resource for public theology. Inspired by the prophetic biblical tradition, he seeks to uphold ethical commitments to social amelioration in order to ‘let suffering speak’. However, uncertainty about the capacity of his work to serve in this way is rooted in questions about the competing sources grounding his thought. When evincing the influence of Richard Rorty’s neo-pragmatism he fails to give expression to a realist account of truth. Yet such an account is necessary to uphold a robust commitment to amelioration. His work is on surer ground and serves better as a resource for public theology when it gives expression to a Kierkegaardian realism. Such a position, which affirms the socially mediated nature of truth claims while upholding their aspiration to refer to reality, solicits a ‘renunciative’ understanding of theology that is open to social suffering and seeks its amelioration.
Plotinus on the Making of Matter Part I: The Identity of Darkness
Authors: O’Brien Denis
Published: April 2011

Does the matter of the sensible world, for Plotinus as for Plato and Aristotle, exist without a cause of its existence? Long divided on the answer to that question, scholarly opinion now veers in favour of a derivation of matter from principles prior to matter, with disagreement limited to the details of the theory. What exactly is implied by the various passages of the Enneads where Plotinus writes of soul or physis in relation to ‘darkness’ and ‘non-being’, matter and form? In the pages that follow, I argue that the soul’s ‘making’ of a ‘non-being’ that by implication is matter, in Enn. III 9 [13] 3, is logically antecedent to the ‘making’ of ‘visible form’ ascribed to physis in Enn. III 8 [30] 2. A detailed study of the context and the syntax of the latter passage shows that, contrary to an interpretation put forward recently in this Journal, the two ‘makings’ cannot be the same.
Religious Change in Mexico: Perspectives from Recent Data
Authors: Navarro Carlos Garma
Published: April 2011

According to the 2000 Mexican Census, change to non-Catholic religions has actually slowed at the national level in Mexico, and the evidence appears to suggest that the efforts of the Catholic Church to stem the loss of followers to Protestant Pentecostal groups has had a certain amount of success in retaining believers. However, when scrutinized more closely, these results are open to a more varied interpretation. There remain important regional and social differences in the distribution of religious affiliation in the country, and predominately indigenous communities are still converting to non-Catholic religions at a strong rate. This is especially true in the southern state of Chiapas where Catholics are now a minority in various municípios (municipalities) with indigenous-majority populations. In this article, I consider what these differences mean and how they can be explained within the context of religious change in Mexico. Le recensement de la population mexicaine de l'année 2000 indique que le taux de conversion vers des religions non-catholiques a ralenti au niveau national, et les chiffres semblent indiquer que les efforts de l'église catholique pour endiguer la perte de croyants en faveur des églises pentecôtistes ont eu un certain effet. Toutefois, si on les regarde de plus près, ces résultats peuvent donner lieu à des interprétations plus variées et nuancées. Il reste en effet des différences régionales et sociales importantes dans la distribution des affiliations religieuses dans le pays, et des communautés principalement indigènes continuent à se convertir aux religions non-catholiques à un rythme élevé. Ceci est particulièrement vrai dans les états du sud du Chiapas où les catholiques sont devenus minoritaires dans différentes municipalités à population majoritairement indigène. Cet article considère la signification de ces différences et s'attache à les expliquer dans un contexte de transformation religieuse au Mexique.
Alain Locke on Race Relations: Some Political Implications of His Thought
Authors: Wright Louis E.
Published: April 2011

Although Alain Locke’s works are well known, they have rarely been assessed for their direct significance as political theory. In this article, the author undertakes such an assessment by exposing the political implications of Locke’s formulations on race in a number of lectures he conducted in 1916. Specifically, this article shows that although Locke’s works have been interpreted as advocating a critical pragmatism on race, they put forth a new kind of racialism that is neither critical nor conservative, although decidedly radical. Exposing this makes it easier to see the connection between Locke’s works and the earlier thinkers on race before the European Enlightenment as well as ways in which they anticipate important trends in contemporary political thought.
Political Irrelevance, Democracy, and the Limits of Militarized Conflict
Authors: Braumoeller Bear F. , Carson Austin
Published: April 2011

Although the statistical literature on conflict studies has generated strong and consistent findings on the relationship of political irrelevance and dyadic democracy to conflict, scholars have paid scant attention to the interesting theoretical issue of how they matter. The authors argue that additive controls and dropping irrelevant dyads constitute misspecifications of their effects. There are theoretical reasons to believe that the impact of distance on conflict is not sufficiently severe to justify the practice of simply dropping irrelevant dyads. Moreover, they argue that political irrelevance and dyadic democracy, rather than subtracting some constant quantity, interact to impose an upper bound on the probability of conflict initiation. They find both of these arguments to be supported in a reanalysis of a prominent study of dispute initiation.
Faculty Women for Equity: A Class-Action Suit against the State of Oregon
Authors: Lindeman Leonard Elizabeth
Published: April 2011

This article describes a class-action suit, representing 2,200 faculty women on Oregon's eight college and university campuses. The suit, which sought $33.1 million in back pay, alleged that, between 1972 and 1980, the Oregon State Board of Higher Education had paid the women an average of 9-10 percent less per year than it had paid men who had comparable duties and qualifications. It also sought to resolve inequities in promotion, tenure, and professional responsibilities for all faculty members.
Reframing the Female Client's Profile
Authors: Braverman Lois
Published: April 2011

Utilizing Jean Baker Miller's ideas that the need to serve and the need to affiliate are the two most significant aspects of the psychic structure of women, the author argues that Miller's formulation can help the practitioner to reframe women's psychiatric symptoms and thus to understand the difficulty women have in moving from other-directed to self-enhancing activities.
Being and Doing: The Need for Synthesis in Psychotherapy
Authors: Schmir Judy
Published: April 2011

The concepts of "being" and "doing," as described by Winnicott and Guntrip, are discussed in relation to the dual nature of human character: the feminine and the masculine, the passive and the active. The inevitable effect that Western culture's emphasis on the "doing," masculine, aspect of human personality has on character formation, in particular on that of the psychotherapist, is examined in light of its implications for clinical work. The concepts of "being" and "doing" are presented as a useful paradigm for the understanding and implementation of several current psychodynamic theories.
Family or Career First: How Professional Women Fare in Making the Choice
Authors: Statham Anne
Published: April 2011

Many studies have found that deviations from the "normative" sequence of life events—education, pursuit of a career, and then marriage and child rearing—may have a negative effect on people's lives. The study presented in this article explored, through a questionnaire sent to 663 women and in-depth interviews with 7 women, the career and family conflicts of professional women in relation to the sequencing of life events. The women in the sample fell into two groups: the family committed, who gave priority to their families; and the career committed, who emphasized their careers. Both groups, it was found, expressed regrets and concerns about their choices. The implications of the findings for practice and policy are presented.
Stronger Women—Stronger Families
Authors: Feiner Harriet A. , Katz Harriet
Published: April 2011

This article presents a paradigm for introducing gender-related issues into the curricula of courses on social work practice. The authors demonstrate how the students' case material can be used to stimulate serious study. The exploration starts with the client; it then moves on to the personal and cultural sources of the students' beliefs about women and to some of our cultural myths related to women and family life, and finally returns to the client. From this process, the students learn how individual dynamics and cultural biases mesh and increase their sensitivity, cognitive understanding, and, consequently, ability to work more effectively with all clients— women, men, and families.
Effects of Sex Composition on Behavior in Groups
Authors: Sowers-Hoag Karen M. , Hoag John A.
Published: April 2011

The behavior of men and women in groups changes as a result of the sex composition of the groups, according to a summary review of research. Therefore, implementation of specific interventions and the manipulation of sex-group composition can enhance a group's functioning and goals and minimize negative effects on individual members.
Help that Disables: The Paradox of Conventional Goodness
Authors: Gillespie Diane
Published: April 2011

When helping others is an expression of conventional goodness, it stifles women's cognitive and emotional development and disables those they are trying to help. Drawing on Gilligan's theory of moral development, the author analyzes the dysfunctional aspects of helping and the paradox of conventional goodness. She argues that women persist in this behavior because they have developed a conceptual schema that habitually guides them in resolving moral dilemmas. Practitioners and educators need to explore these issues further, since the majority of social workers are women and hence have been socialized to equate "helping" with being "good."
Blue Ridge Blues: The Problems and Strengths of Rural Women
Authors: Olson Carol Spellman
Published: April 2011

Rural women have many problems in common with urban women, including poverty, superwoman expectations, and domestic violence. However, geographic and social isolation make these problems even more devastating to rural women. What often results is endemic stress that is manifested in chronic low self-esteem. This article discusses mental health services to rural women with particular emphasis on the cultural components of chronic stress and low self-esteem. A ttention is also given to building support systems, networking with the larger community, and identifying the needs of agency staff members.
Homeless Women: A High-Risk Population
Authors: Hagen Jan L. , Ivanoff André M.
Published: April 2011

This study of 51 homeless women in Albany, New York, used in-depth personal interviews to obtain descriptive-correlational data regarding demographic characteristics, the precipitants and concomitants of homelessness, sources of income, informal support networks, current problems, and goals for the future. The diversity of problems found among these women necessitates interventions that will address the unique subgroups in the homeless population and that are tailored to the specific needs of homeless women and their children.
Wife Abuse and Marital Rape Among Women Who Seek Help
Authors: Yegidis Bonnie L.
Published: April 2011

This article reports on an empirical investigation of marital rape and wife abuse among seventy-eight women who sought psychosocial intervention for difficulties in their relationships with their male partners. Comparative analyses were conducted between the group of women who had ever been physically, emotionally, or sexually abused by a male partner and the group who had not been so abused in relation to selected social and historical variables. The results showed that a key factor in determining current abusive relationships was the male partner's history of any type of family violence.
Are BSW Students Sexist?
Authors: Weiner Adele
Published: April 2011

This article reports on that portion of a larger study of students' attitudes that analyzed the levels of sexism among BSW students and the effects of sexism on the students' assessments of vignettes of clients. The study found that the students' levels of sexist attitudes and their identification of clients as male and female seemed to affect their assessments. The results were contradictory and mixed, showing both profemale and promale biases. However, a pattern emerged in which those who held more traditional views toward women were more rigid in their assessments of female clients than those whose views were less traditional.
Women and Social Work Activism in the 1980s
Authors: Reeser Linda Cherrey
Published: April 2011

Social work is concerned that professionalization is eroding its commitment to social reform. However, it has ignored the possibility that gender may have an impact on social activism. This article reports on the relationship between gender and activism that was found in a national survey of the social-action attitudes and behavior of 682 professional social workers. Although gender generally did not make a difference in the degree of social activism in which the respondents engaged, the men were more likely to be involved in licensing and the women, in citizen action groups. Implications of the findings for the profession and suggestions for the future directions of research are presented.
Gender and Salary in Graduate Schools of Social Work: An Outworn Issue?
Authors: Rubin Allen
Published: April 2011

The study reported in this article reassessed gender-related inequities in the salaries of faculty members of graduate schools of social work in light of methodological questions about earlier research on this issue. A secondary analysis did not support the findings that important inequities exist or that those inequities are smaller in New England or in schools with female deans. It appears that salary is the wrong dependent variable for research on sex bias in graduate schools of social work.