bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital reconstruction of three‐dimensional contours and its application to microstructural evaluation of postblast rock fissure surfaces
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Wang Zhaoyang , Fu Dairui , Gang Mingwei
Published: June 2024

Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks. Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstruction model, this study proposes a quantitative microstructure characterization method combining the roughness evaluation index and the 3D fractal dimension to study the change rule of the fracture surface morphology after blasting. This method was applied and validated in the study of the fracture microstructure of the rock after blasting. The results show that the fracture morphology characteristics of the 3D contour digital reconstruction model have good correlation with the changes of the blasting action. The undulation rate of the three‐dimensional surface profile of the rock is more prone to dramatic rise and dramatic fall morphology. In terms of tilting trend, the tilting direction also shows gradual disorder, with the tilting angle increasing correspondingly. All the roughness evaluation indexes of the rock fissure surface after blasting show a linear and gradually increasing trend as the distance to the bursting center increases; the difference between the two‐dimensional roughness evaluation indexes and the three‐dimensional ones of the same micro‐area rock samples also becomes increasingly larger, among which the three‐dimensional fissure roughness coefficient JRC and the surface roughness ratio Rs display better correlation. Compared with the linear fitting formula of the power function relationship, the three‐dimensional fractal dimension of the postblast fissure surface is fitted with the values of JRC and Rs, which renders higher correlation coefficients, and the degree of linear fitting of JRC to the three‐dimensional fractal dimension is higher. The fractal characteristics of the blast‐affected region form a unity with the three‐dimensional roughness evaluation of the fissure surface.
Fungal composition associated with host tree identity mediates nutrient addition effects on wood microbial respiration
Authors: Hu Zhenhong , Fernández‐Martínez Marcos , He Qinsi , Xu Zhiyuan , Jiang Lin , Zhou Guiyao , Chen Ji , Nie Ming , Yu Qiang , Feng Hao , Huang Zhiqun , Michaletz Sean T.
Published: June 2024

Fungi are key decomposers of deadwood, but the impact of anthropogenic changes in nutrients and temperature on fungal community and its consequences for wood microbial respiration are not well understood. Here, we examined how nitrogen and phosphorus additions (field experiment) and warming (laboratory experiment) together influence fungal composition and microbial respiration from decomposing wood of angiosperms and gymnosperms in a subtropical forest. Nutrient additions significantly increased wood microbial respiration via fungal composition, but effects varied with nutrient types and taxonomic groups. Specifically, phosphorus addition significantly increased wood microbial respiration (65%) through decreased acid phosphatase activity and increased abundance of fast‐decaying fungi (e.g., white rot), while nitrogen addition marginally increased it (30%). Phosphorus addition caused a greater increase in microbial respiration in gymnosperms than in angiosperms (83.3% vs. 46.9%), which was associated with an increase in Basidiomycota:Ascomycota operational taxonomic unit abundance in gymnosperms but a decrease in angiosperms. The temperature dependencies of microbial respiration were remarkably constant across nutrient levels, consistent with metabolic scaling theory hypotheses. This is because there was no significant interaction between temperature and wood phosphorus availability or fungal composition, or the interaction among the three factors. Our results highlight the key role of tree identity in regulating nutrient response of wood microbial respiration through controlling fungal composition. Given that the range of angiosperm species may expand under climate warming and forest management, our data suggest that expansion will decrease nutrient effects on forest carbon cycling in forests previously dominated by gymnosperm species.
Challenges in bermudagrass production in the southeastern USA
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , Anderson William F. , Gates Roger N. , Rios Esteban F. , Burt Justin C.
Published: June 2024

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is one of the primary perennial forages in the southeastern USA. Newer hybrid cultivars have superior production and nutritive value compared to common ecotypes. However, there are many challenges facing bermudagrass production in the region. First, the bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM; Atherigona reversura Villeneuve) has severely damaged bermudagrass throughout the region. Strategically timed pyrethroid applications significantly reduce adult BSM populations, but efforts are needed to develop integrated pest management plans. Second, an increasing number of producers are noting challenges with green‐up following winter dormancy. This may be attributed to disease, unbalanced soil fertility, and weed pressure. Perhaps one of the most limiting factors for continued production is the deficit of sprigs and trained personnel to sprig hybrid bermudagrasses. This research is critically important as the need for cold‐tolerant bermudagrass is increasing as tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire) is declining due to changes in temperature and precipitation throughout the northern parts of the region. Plant breeders are investigating hybrid bermudagrass at latitudes >35° with respect to freeze or cold tolerance. Despite the many challenges facing hybrid bermudagrass in the southeastern USA, researchers are working to ensure its persistence, productivity, and availability for the future.
EEG decoding with spatiotemporal convolutional neural network for visualization and closed‐loop control of sensorimotor activities: A simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study
Authors: Iwama Seitaro , Tsuchimoto Shohei , Mizuguchi Nobuaki , Ushiba Junichi
Published: June 2024

Closed‐loop neurofeedback training utilizes neural signals such as scalp electroencephalograms (EEG) to manipulate specific neural activities and the associated behavioral performance. A spatiotemporal filter for high‐density whole‐head scalp EEG using a convolutional neural network can overcome the ambiguity of the signaling source because each EEG signal includes information on the remote regions. We simultaneously acquired EEG and functional magnetic resonance images in humans during the brain‐computer interface (BCI) based neurofeedback training and compared the reconstructed and modeled hemodynamic responses of the sensorimotor network. Filters constructed with a convolutional neural network captured activities in the targeted network with spatial precision and specificity superior to those of the EEG signals preprocessed with standard pipelines used in BCI‐based neurofeedback paradigms. The middle layers of the trained model were examined to characterize the neuronal oscillatory features that contributed to the reconstruction. Analysis of the layers for spatial convolution revealed the contribution of distributed cortical circuitries to reconstruction, including the frontoparietal and sensorimotor areas, and those of temporal convolution layers that successfully reconstructed the hemodynamic response function. Employing a spatiotemporal filter and leveraging the electrophysiological signatures of the sensorimotor excitability identified in our middle layer analysis would contribute to the development of a further effective neurofeedback intervention.
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis and anticoagulation strategy following trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review
Authors: Shashank Singam , Balireddi Lalitha Devi , Inban Pugazhendi , Al‐ezzi Saud Muthanna Shakir , Reddy Nalla Jaipal , Alalousi Yarub , Prajjwal Priyadarshi , John Jobby , Shajeri Mohammed Abulgaith Ali , Almadhoun Mohammed Khaleel I. K. H. , Sulaimanov Mukhamed , Amiri Bita , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Amir Hussin Omniat
Published: June 2024

Objective

Subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) develops in 15% of patients undergoing trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). TAVR is a procedure in which a faulty aortic valve is replaced with a mechanical one. An aortic valve replacement can be done with open‐heart surgery; this is called surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). A significant problem is defining the best course of treatment for asymptomatic individuals with SLT post‐TAVR, including the use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in it.

Study design

Systematic review.

Method

The most pertinent published research (original papers and reviews) in the scientific literature were searched for and critically assessed using the online, internationally indexed databases PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Reviews. Keywords like “Transcatheter valve replacement” and “Subclinical leaflet thrombosis” were used to search the papers. Selected studies were critically assessed for inclusion based on predefined criteria.

Results

The review examined the prevalence and characteristics of SLT after TAVR. To note, the incidence of SLT is seen to be higher in TAVR compared SAVR. Dual antiplatelet therapy, which is utilized in antithrombotic regimens post‐TAVR, can possibly hasten SLT progression which could result in the impaired mobility of leaflets and the worsening of pressure gradients.

Conclusion

The use of dual antiplatelet drugs in routine antithrombotic therapy tends to accelerate initial subclinical leaflet thrombosis after TAVI, which results in a developing restriction of leaflet mobility and an increase in pressure differences.
Gaps and Controversies in Catatonia as a Movement Disorder
Authors: Lenka Abhishek , Perera Vishal M. , Espay Alberto J. , Pontone Gregory M. , Okun Michael S.
Published: June 2024

The term “catatonia” was introduced by German psychiatrist Karl Kahlbaum in 1874. Although historically tied to schizophrenia, catatonia exhibits a diverse range of phenotypes and has been observed in various medical and neuropsychiatric conditions. Its intrinsic movement characteristics and association with hypokinetic and hyperkinetic phenomenologies place catatonia within the purview of movement disorders. Despite the presence of catatonia in psychiatry literature for over 150 years, many gaps and controversies persist regarding its etiopathogenesis, phenomenology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment. The current versions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) require clinicians to identify any three signs of 15 (ICD‐11) or 12 (DSM‐5) for the diagnosis of catatonia. Catalepsy and waxy flexibility are the only motor features with high specificity for the diagnosis. We highlight the gaps and controversies in catatonia as a movement disorder, emphasize the lack of a clear definition, and discuss the inconsistencies in the description of various catatonic signs. We propose the exploration of a bi‐axial classification framework similar to that used for dystonia and tremor to encourage the evaluation of underlying etiologies and to guide therapeutic decisions to improve the outcome of these patients. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Traversing the digital divide in concept and effect: Relative interpretations and orientations
Authors: McNeely Connie L.
Published: June 2024

This discussion offers a general framing and positioning statement for identifying and considering principal analytical dimensions and policy concerns in relation to the deep and persistent digital divide that marks today's increasingly digitalized world. The digital divide encompasses various socio‐technological inequalities and inequities apparent within and across different groups, organizations, and geographic areas.  Also linked to the growing Internet of Things, the digital divide generally refers to differences in information and communications technologies access and artificial intelligence applications and usage within social systems and among the countries of the world.  Indicating different types and levels of socio‐technological engagement and impact, it is an issue of social, cultural, institutional, economic, and political inequality and stratification processes in which disadvantage and vulnerability, as well as privilege and power, are distributed.  Related digital asymmetries are considered here in conceptual, theoretical, and applied terms relative to various issues as critical representations of relative divides characterized by socio‐spatial inequalities, inequities, and disparities in information and knowledge creation, access, opportunities, usage, and benefits. Also considered are aspirational goals for mitigating such asymmetries in related policy dialogues and directives, asserting possibilities for enhancing well‐being across sectors and peoples.
Global Political Logics and Mainstream Discourses on Illness in the Declarations of the State of Exception in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of the USA, France, and Spain
Authors: Rosàs Tosas Mar
Published: June 2024

At the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, several countries declared “states of exception,” that is, authorized legal devices that, in the face of circumstances deemed catastrophic, permit the implementation of extraordinary measures and the temporary suspension of some rights in order to restore the previous state of affairs as soon as possible. This paper offers a comparative textual analysis of the different states of exception declared in the USA, France, and Spain. I argue that these texts constitute a privileged site to explore how prevalent global political logics and mainstream discourses on illness are interwoven. Regarding the global political logics in play, I hold that these declarations constitute an instantiation of democracy’s autoimmune character; it attacks itself in order to protect itself. Regarding mainstream discourses on illness, I explore how illness is regarded as a threat to one’s self (by something seemingly other) and the notion that therapy must consist of securing the self’s triumph over anything seemingly other. This twofold analysis reveals that an aporetic dialectic between self and other—as regards politics and illness—operates in these declarations, most likely because it is, in fact, one and the same dialectic, upon which Western epistemology rests. Furthermore, I suggest that these texts reflect and promote these dominant logics, contributing to shape human relationships around the globe in a certain dangerous way.
Stability, modulation instability and traveling wave solutions of (3+1)dimensional Schrödinger model in physics
Authors: Ahmad Hijaz , Tariq Kalim U. , Kazmi S. M. Raza
Published: June 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is one of the most important physical model in optical fiber theory for comprehension of the fluctuations of optical bullet development. In this study, the exact bullet solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation which demonstrate the bullet behaviours in optical fibers can be accumulated through the Sardar sub-equation method and the unified method. The applied strategies may retrieve several kinds of optical bullet solutions within one frameworks as well as is quite simple and reliable. Mathematica are utilised for describing the dynamics of different wave structures as 3D, 2D, and contour visualisations for a given set of parameters. As a result, we are able to develop a variety of travelling wave structures namely the periodic, singular and V shaped soliton wave solutions. The stability analysis for the derived results is analysed efficiently while the modulation instability for the governing model has also been studied to demonstrate the reliability of the research. The approaches implemented here works perfectly and can be extended to deal with many advanced models in contemporary areas of science and engineering. The solutions attain by using these techniques are robust, unique and straight forward and has applications in different fields of physics, engineering and mathematical science. Specially physical applications of these obtain results are in the transmission of data in optical fibers. We also add the graphics for the better understanding of the attain solutions behaviour.
The kinetic and experimental study for the pyrolysis of hydrotreated and non-hydrotreated coking distillated fractions
Authors: Dragomir Raluca-Elena
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is the pyrolysis of the distilled fractions obtained in the coking process as such and hydrotreated with the aim of diversifying the feedstock used in pyrolysis. The application of hydrotreating followed by pyrolysis, determines the reduction of the aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons content in the feedstock, which leads to the improvement of the distribution of the reaction products and the decrease in the level of coke deposits, compared to the pyrolysis of non-hydrotreated distillate fractions. This study also aims to calculate the kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process for non-hydrotreated and hydrotreated coking fraction at three equivalent temperatures: T = 680 °C, T = 695 °C, T = 705 °C.

Graphical abstract
Die Rolle von Photorespiration unter dynamischen Lichtbedingungen
Authors: von Bismarck Thekla , Wendering Philipp
Published: June 2024

Plants use photosynthesis to convert light into metabolic energy. This energy is used to produce carbohydrates and to fuel other metabolic pathways. In nature, the availability of light and thereby metabolic energy can fluctuate strongly, leading to inefficient metabolism and photodamage. The photorespiratory pathway (PR) was hypothesized to mitigate harmful effects. Our results do not support this but identify an alternative branch of PR in silico that may benefit the plant under fluctuating light.
Structure-based prediction of protein-nucleic acid binding using graph neural networks
Authors: Sagendorf Jared M. , Mitra Raktim , Huang Jiawei , Chen Xiaojiang S. , Rohs Remo
Published: June 2024

Protein-nucleic acid (PNA) binding plays critical roles in the transcription, translation, regulation, and three-dimensional organization of the genome. Structural models of proteins bound to nucleic acids (NA) provide insights into the chemical, electrostatic, and geometric properties of the protein structure that give rise to NA binding but are scarce relative to models of unbound proteins. We developed a deep learning approach for predicting PNA binding given the unbound structure of a protein that we call PNAbind. Our method utilizes graph neural networks to encode the spatial distribution of physicochemical and geometric properties of protein structures that are predictive of NA binding. Using global physicochemical encodings, our models predict the overall binding function of a protein, and using local encodings, they predict the location of individual NA binding residues. Our models can discriminate between specificity for DNA or RNA binding, and we show that predictions made on computationally derived protein structures can be used to gain mechanistic understanding of chemical and structural features that determine NA recognition. Binding site predictions were validated against benchmark datasets, achieving AUROC scores in the range of 0.92–0.95. We applied our models to the HIV-1 restriction factor APOBEC3G and showed that our model predictions are consistent with and help explain experimental RNA binding data.
Adamantinoma: A SEER-based Epidemiological Analysis
Authors: Agner Kevin E. , Larkins Michael C.
Published: June 2024

Adamantinoma (AD) is a rare bone cancer accounting for less than 0.1–0.5% of all primary bone tumors. No consensus guidelines exist for the treatment of this disease and long-term (twenty-year) survival has yet to be explored. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was queried for patients with a diagnosis of primary AD (ICD-O-3 code 9261/3). Demographic and treatment variables were analyzed via Fisher’s Exact Test and 20-year overall survival (20y OS) was assessed via log-rank analysis. Seventy-four patients with AD were identified; median age was 20–24 years. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients < 25 years of age at diagnosis with AD had increased 20y OS compared to those > 24 years (HR = 0.28; p = 0.028), while no other variables influenced survival. Subanalysis demonstrated patients > 40 years saw decreased survival (46% [11%, 81%]) compared to those ≤ 40 years (96% [89%, 104%]; p = 0.005). Patients ≤ 40 years of age at diagnosis were more likely to have local disease (78% of all 49 local cases) and less likely to have distant disease (0% of two cases) compared to patients > 40 years (p = 0.017). Stratifying by surgical procedure, no difference in 20y OS was appreciated (p = 0.12). Younger age at diagnosis provides mortality benefit and increased proportion of localized disease for those diagnosed with AD. No other demographic or treatment variables were found to influence 20y OS. Population-based analysis of AD is limited both by disease rarity and incomplete coding within SEER.
An artificial intelligence-designed predictive calculator of conversion from minimally invasive to open colectomy in colon cancer
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Rogers Peter , Wexner Steven D.
Published: June 2024

Minimally invasive surgery is safe and effective in colorectal cancer. Conversion to open surgery may be associated with adverse effects on treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess risk factors of conversion from minimally invasive to open colectomy for colon cancer and impact of conversion on short-term and survival outcomes. This case–control study included colon cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive colectomy from the National Cancer Database (2015–2019). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine independent predictors of conversion from laparoscopic and robotic colectomy to open surgery. 26,546 patients (mean age: 66.9 ± 13.1 years) were included. Laparoscopic and robotic colectomies were performed in 79.1% and 20.9% of patients, respectively, with a 10.6% conversion rate. Independent predictors of conversion were male sex (OR: 1.19, p = 0.014), left-sided cancer (OR: 1.35, p < 0.001), tumor size (OR: 1, p = 0.047), stage II (OR: 1.25, p = 0.007) and stage III (OR: 1.47, p < 0.001) disease, undifferentiated carcinomas (OR: 1.93, p = 0.002), subtotal (OR: 1.25, p = 0.011) and total (OR: 2.06, p < 0.001) colectomy, resection of contiguous organs (OR: 1.9, p < 0.001), and robotic colectomy (OR: 0.501, p < 0.001). Conversion was associated with higher 30- and 90-day mortality and unplanned readmission, longer hospital stay, and shorter overall survival (59.8 vs 65.3 months, p < 0.001). Male patients, patients with bulky, high-grade, advanced-stage, and left-sided colon cancers, and patients undergoing extended resections are at increased risk of conversion from minimally invasive to open colectomy. The robotic platform was associated with reduced odds of conversion. However, surgeons’ technical skills and criteria for conversion could not be assessed.
Diversity of genome size, endopolyploidy and SCoT markers in 20 Trigonella (Fabaceae) species
Authors: Rewers Monika , Lojko Agnieszka , Olszewska Dorota , Niklas Aleksandra , Jedrzejczyk Iwona
Published: June 2024

The Trigonella species possess medicinal, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties due to the presence of many bioactive compounds. Its therapeutic effects are mostly valuable in medicine, cosmetics and the functional food industry. Correct genetic characterisation of plant material is needed to increase the potential of Trigonella species by breeding and conservation programs. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable marker system to support the morphological and phytochemical analysis in Trigonella taxonomic research, species identification and characterization as well as determination of the interspecific variation within this genus along with relationships between species. For this purpose, flow cytometry and SCoT molecular markers were combined. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that Trigonella species possess very small and small genomes. The range of genome sizes was from 1.10 to 5.76 pg/2C, with most species possessing very small genomes (< 2.8 pg/2C). In seeds of 14 species endopolyploid nuclei were detected. Flow cytometric analysis of genome size enabled quick identification of four out of 20 species, while combined with endopolyploidy detection in seeds, facilitated distinction of the next seven species. ScoT molecular markers helped to identify closely related species with similar genome size and cell cycle activity. Therefore, flow cytometry was proposed as the first-choice method for quick accession screening, while the more detailed genetic classification was obtained using SCoT molecular markers.
Thermomechanical Response of Smart Magneto-Electro-Elastic FGM Nanosensor Beams with Intended Porosity
Authors: Pehlivan Fatih , Esen Ismail , Aktas Kerim Gokhan
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the behavior of free vibrations in a variety of porous functionally graded nanobeams composed of ferroelectric barium-titanate (BaTiO3) and magnetostrictive cobalt-ferrite (CoFe2O4). There are four different models of porous nanobeams: the uniform porosity model (UPM), the symmetric porosity model (SPM), the porosity concentrated in the bottom region model (BPM), and the porosity concentrated in the top region model (TPM). The nanobeam constitutive equation calculates strains based on various factors, including classical mechanical stress, thermal expansion, magnetostrictive and electroelastic properties, and nonlocal elasticity. The study investigated the effects of various factors on the free vibration of nanobeams, including thermal stress, thermo-magneto-electroelastic coupling, electric and magnetic field potential, nonlocal features, porosity models, and changes in porosity volume. The temperature-dependent mechanical properties of BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 have been recently explored in the literature for the first time. The dynamics of nanosensor beams are greatly influenced by temperature-dependent characteristics. As the ratios of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 in the nanobeam decrease, the dimensionless frequencies decrease and increase, respectively, based on the material grading index. The dimensionless frequencies were influenced by the nonlocal parameter, external electric potential, and temperature, causing them to rise. On the other hand, the slenderness ratio and external magnetic potential caused the frequencies to drop. The porosity volume ratio has different effects on frequencies depending on the porosity model.
Microstructural Investigation of Discarded NdFeB Magnets After Low-Temperature Hydrogenation
Authors: Habibzadeh Alireza , Kucuker Mehmet Ali , Çakır Öznur , Gökelma Mertol
Published: June 2024

Due to continuously increasing demand and limited resources of rare-earth elements (REEs), new solutions are being sought to overcome the supply risk of REEs. To mitigate the supply risk of REEs, much attention has recently been paid to recycling. Despite the more common recycling methods, including hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes, hydrogen processing of magnetic scrap (HPMS) is still in the development stage. Magnet-to-magnet recycling via hydrogenation of discarded NdFeB magnets provides a fine powder suitable for the production of new magnets from secondary sources. One of the crucial aspects of HPMS is the degree of recovery of the magnetic properties, as the yield efficiency can easily reach over 95%. The amount, morphology, and distribution of the Nd-rich phase are the key parameters to achieve the excellent performance of the magnet by isolating the matrix grain. Therefore, a better insight into the microstructure of the matrix grains and the Nd-rich phase before and after hydrogenation is essential. In this study, a low-temperature hydrogenation process in the range of room temperature to 400 °C was conducted as the first step to recycle NdFeB magnets from discarded hard disk drives (HDDs), and the hydrogenated powder was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that there are three different morphologies of the Nd-rich phase, which undergo two different transformations through oxidation and hydride formation. While at lower temperatures (below 250 °C) the degree of pulverization is higher and the experimental evidence of hydride formation is less clear, at higher temperatures the degree of pulverization decreases. The formation of neodymium hydride at higher temperatures prevents further oxidation of the Nd-rich phase due to its high stability.

Graphical Abstract
Regularity of a double null coordinate system for Kerr–Newman–de Sitter spacetimes
Authors: Franzen Anne T. , Girão Pedro M.
Published: June 2024

We construct a double null coordinate system $$(u,v,\theta _\star ,\phi _\star )$$

(
u
,
v
,

θ
⋆

,

ϕ
⋆

)

for Kerr–Newman–de Sitter black hole interior spacetimes and prove that the two dimensional spheres given by the intersection of the hypersurfaces $$u=\hbox {constant}$$

u
=
constant

and $$v=\hbox {constant}$$

v
=
constant

are $$C^\infty$$

C
∞

in Boyer–Lindquist coordinates (including at the “poles"). The null coordinates allow one to immediately extend some results previously proven for Kerr. As an example, we illustrate how Sbierski’s result in (On the initial value problem in general relativity and wave propagation in black-hole spacetimes. Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16140), for the wave equation on the black hole interior, for Reissner–Nordström and Kerr spacetimes, applies to Kerr–Newman–de Sitter spacetimes.
Finding an (Ecological) Niche in the Postdigital Taskscape: The Role of Strong Literacy and Poor Pedagogy in Primary School Pupils’ Online Literacy Practices
Authors: Hawley Sara
Published: June 2024

This paper uses a postdigital, postphenomenological lens to examine what happened when an online platform, a wiki, was used to support writing practices in an inner London Key Stage 2 classroom. It understands a postdigital approach to education as one which takes account of the imbrication of technology in our everyday life without valorising it or making hyperbolic claims about what it can do. Avoiding utopian or dystopian accounts, it unpicks what happened when students were allowed to compose multimodal texts beyond the classroom on topics that interested them. Using a postphenomenological approach, it looks at the materiality of the technology in praxis in the different spaces where it was used. It uses as a heuristic Ingold’s concept of the taskscape, recently developed by various scholars as a site not of romantic bucolic human activity but as somewhere where sociomaterial practices are contested as we wrestle for resources within our immediate environment. As students travel between these different taskscapes of home, school and the wiki, it examines how they enact the affordances around them in their transformation from apprentices to more skilled practitioners of literacy. It follows their trajectories-of-becoming when they move between these taskscapes, growing into knowledge as they weave lines of literacy across online and offline spaces. It argues that reviving Gibson’s notion of the ‘ecological niche’ allows us to understand why some find the paths between these spaces easier to tread than others.
The Extended Anderson and Hauck Tests and Sample Size Procedures for Equivalence Assessment in Simple Linear Regressions
Authors: Shieh Gwowen
Published: June 2024

This study describes extended Anderson and Hauck procedures for equivalence testing of slope coefficients and mean responses in one and two regression lines. The general formulation of asymmetric equivalence ranges permits a wide variety of equivalence questions to be tested for a target magnitude or a negligible value. Specifically, the equivalence tests are useful for assessing negligible trend and similar response in a single regression line, and for evaluating unimportant interaction-moderation effect and comparable simple effect between two linear regression lines. The associated power functions and sample size procedures are also derived and compared under the random and fixed model settings. According to the analytic justification and empirical assessment, the exact approaches have a clear advantage over the approximate formulas for accommodating the full stochastic nature of both the response and predictor variables. Computer algorithms are also provided for conducting the proposed equivalence tests, power calculations, and sample size determinations in simple linear regressions.
Bidirectional Associations of Adolescents’ Momentary Social Media Use and Negative Emotions
Authors: Colasante Tyler , Faulkner Katie , Kharbotli Dana , Malti Tina , Hollenstein Tom
Published: June 2024

Public discourse and empirical studies have predominantly focused on the negative repercussions of social media on adolescents’ mental health. However, pervasive social media use is a relatively new phenomenon—its apparent harms have been widely accepted before sufficient longitudinal and experimental research has been conducted. The present study used an intensive longitudinal design (four assessments/day × 14 days; N = 154 12- to 15-year-olds (Mage = 13.47, SD = 0.58); N = 6,240 valid measurement occasions) to test the directionality of social media–negative emotion links in early adolescence, accounting for the type of social media usage (i.e., browsing vs. posting). The significance of effects depended on social media type: browsing predicted higher-than-usual negative emotions hours later, whereas no significant directional effects emerged for posting. The browsing effect was small but held after controlling for prior levels of negative emotions. It did not replicate concurrently, underscoring the importance of process-oriented designs with mental health symptoms tested shortly after passive social media usage. The results partially support the active-passive hypothesis, which singles out passively engaging with others’ curated social media content as most detrimental to mental health. Nonetheless, the small browsing effect and overall null-leaning pattern of effects imply that mediators and moderators are needed to further understand when using social media is problematic, beneficial, or neither.
Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones
Authors: Pardal André , Christofoletti Ronaldo Adriano , Martinez Aline Sbizera
Published: June 2024

Worldwide, coastlines have been replaced and altered by hard infrastructures to protect cities and accommodate human activities. In addition, human settlements are common and increasing in lowland areas threatened by coastal risk hazards. These urbanisation processes cause severe socioeconomic and ecological losses which demand policy reforms towards better coastal management and climate resilience. A first step in that direction is to comprehend the status of coastal hardening and occupation of vulnerable areas. Here, we mapped the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: São Paulo (SP). Our goal was to quantify the linear extent of natural habitats, artificial structures (AS), and occupations in low-elevation coastal zones (≤ 5 m) within 100 m from marine environments (LECZ100m) along the coastline and within estuaries. SP coast has a total extent of 244 km of AS, of which 125 and 119 km correspond to AS running along the coastline (e.g., seawalls, breakwaters) and extending from the shoreline into adjacent waters (e.g., jetties, pontoons, groynes), respectively. 63% of the total extent of AS is located in the most urbanised region. Breakwalls were the most common infrastructure (108 km), followed by jetties and wharves (~40 km each), and aquaculture and fishing apparatus (~24 km). Over 300 km of the SP coastline has inland occupations in LECZ100m: 235 and 67 km are adjacent to sandy beaches and estuarine/river margins, respectively. Coastal hardening is advanced in the central region of SP resulting from intense port activities and armoured shorelines. In other regions, much of coastal urbanisation seems to be driven by secondary usage of the cities, such as real estate development for beach houses and tourism. Our findings suggest that coastal urbanisation poses a major but often neglected source of environmental impact and risk hazards in SP and Brazil.
Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder – A Female Phenomenon?
Authors: Laskowski Nora M. , Hildebrandt Greta , Muschalla Beate
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Background: There are increasing numbers of studies on compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD), but possible gender differences in prevalence are still unclear. To our knowledge, there is no review that synthesizes the ambivalent findings. Aim: This literature review aims to provide an overview by examining gender differences regarding the prevalence of CBSD. Method: A literature search was carried out in PubMed/Scopus/PubPsych. Inclusion criteria: empirical studies of neurologically healthy adults from 2000 onwards with outcomes related to the prevalence of CBSD and gender difference analysis. Results were synthesized narratively. Results: We included 39 studies in 4 settings with double allocation where multiple samples were included: general population ( n=18), purchase-specific ( n=3), students ( n=17), clinical samples ( n=4). There was no gender difference in 19 studies, women were significantly more affected in 19 studies and men in one study. Discussion: As only half of the studies found a gender difference, it cannot be assumed that CBSD is a female-only phenomenon. In those studies, the composition of the sample or cultural aspects (gender roles) may explain this. The studies vary widely regarding questionnaires/sample size. The use of consistent instruments is important for comparable research. Recognition CBSD as a distinct mental disorder is thus essential. There is a need for high-quality research to actually determine if there is a gender difference in prevalence.
Das Smartphone als ständiger Begleiter
Authors: Kohler Sebastian A. , Fauth-Bühler Mira
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Smartphones sind ein zentraler Bestandteil unseres Lebens. Es ist daher unumgänglich, Risikofaktoren für eine problematische Nutzung zu identifizieren. Die Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Belohnungsaufschub, sowie Neigung zur Maximierung und der problematischen Smartphone-Nutzung (PSN). Dabei wird das Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten, einschließlich soziale Mediennutzung, berücksichtigt. Methode: Teilnehmer_innen beantworteten die Skala zur Erfassung der individuellen Maximierungstendenz, die dt. Übersetzung des Delaying Gratification Inventory und die Smartphone-Sucht-Skala. Daten von insgesamt 370 Personen wurden in die Auswertung einbezogen. Eine Teilstichprobe von 128 Teilnehmern stellte zusätzlich Smartphone-Nutzungsdaten über sieben Tage zur Verfügung. Die statistischen Analysen wurden unter Verwendung der freien Software jamovi durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: In der Gesamtstichprobe wird deutlich, dass die Fähigkeit zum Belohnungsaufschub (β = –.33) sowie die Maximierungstendenz (β = .45) jeweils als Prädiktoren für PSN fungieren. Die Nutzungsdaten der Teilstichprobe zeigen, dass sowohl die Fähigkeit zum Belohnungsaufschub (β = –.24) als auch die Maximierungstendenz (β =.21) einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung sozialer Medien aufweisen, aber nicht mit der Gesamtnutzungsdauer des Smartphones. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Erkenntnisse bieten Ansatzpunkte für Maßnahmen zur Förderung einer gesunden Smartphone-Nutzung.
Häufigkeit und Bedeutung der Diagnose Intelligenzminderung in forensischer Suchtbehandlung gemäß § 64 StGB
Authors: Kirchmann-Kallas Sarah , Querengässer Jan , Randzio Stefan , Riedemann Christian
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die psychiatrische Behandlung von Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung nimmt regelhaft mehr Zeit in Anspruch und birgt mehr Hindernisse als die Behandlung normintelligenter Patienten. In der forensisch-psychiatrischen Behandlung von Straftätern mit Suchtmittelkonsumstörungen fand dies bislang wenig Berücksichtigung. Deshalb wurden in der vorliegenden Studie die Daten von n = 145 Straftätern mit Suchtmittelkonsumstörung in der Unterbringung gemäß § 64 StGB ausgewertet. Methode: Der Intelligenzquotient wurde ermittelt mit der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale® – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Neben sozioökonomischen Daten wurden die Summenwerte der Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) und des Level of Service Inventory – Revised (LSI-R) erhoben. Ergebnisse: Bei mehr als zwei Dritteln der Untersuchten imponierte die Intelligenz unterhalb des Normbereichs. Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung wiesen ein höheres Alter, eine höhere kriminelle Vorbelastung und eine ungünstigere Legalprognose auf. Unter den Patienten ohne Schulabschluss erzielten nur 3 % einen Intelligenzquotienten im Normbereich. Schlussfolgerungen: Forensisch-psychiatrische Sachverständige sollten in der Eingangsbegutachtung daher regelhaft eine Intelligenzdiagnostik durchführen, wenn kein Schulabschluss vorliegt. Auch wenn weitere Forschung zu Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung nötig erscheint, sollten die Implikationen hinsichtlich schlechterer Prognose und längerem Zeitbedarf der Therapie in der Behandlung dieser Gruppe größere Bedeutung erfahren.
Polar Lows and Their Effects on Sea Ice and the Upper Ocean in the Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador Seas
Authors: Gutjahr O. , Mehlmann C.
Published: June 2024

Using two case studies, we analyze the effects of explicitly resolving polar lows in a global climate model (ICON‐Sapphire) with a high resolution of 2.5 km on the upper ocean and sea ice. We aim to understand the mechanism of how polar lows form in a global coupled model and how they interact with the upper ocean and sea ice. When polar lows form at the sea ice edge, they induce marine cold air outbreaks that lead to large heat loss from the ocean. This heat loss contributes to dense water formation in the Iceland and Greenland Seas, which replenishes the climatically important Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The high wind speeds of polar lows open leads and polynyas in the sea ice cover, such as the Sirius Water Polynya in northeastern Greenland. Heat loss in polynyas is compensated for by the formation of new ice, and the rejected brine densifies the water on the Greenland shelf. In the Labrador Sea, polar lows intensify cold air outbreaks from the sea ice and rapidly deepen the ocean mixed layer. Resolving polar lows and kinematic features in the sea ice improves the realism of climate models, in particular the surface heat loss and the dense water formation in (sub)polar oceans.
Entrained Water in Basal Ice Suppresses Radar Bed‐Echo Power at Active Subglacial Lakes
Authors: Hills B. H. , Siegfried M. R. , Schroeder D. M.
Published: June 2024

Subglacial lakes have been mapped across Antarctica with two methods, radio‐echo sounding (RES) and ice‐surface deformation. At sites where both are coincident, these methods typically provide conflicting interpretations about the ice‐bed interface. With a single exception, active subglacial lakes identified by surface deformation do not display the expected flat, bright, and specular bed reflection in RES data, characteristic of non‐active lakes. This observational conundrum suggests that our understanding of Antarctic subglacial hydrology, especially beneath important fast‐moving ice streams, remains incomplete. Here, we use an airborne RES campaign that surveyed a well‐characterized group of active subglacial lakes on lower Mercer and Whillans ice streams, West Antarctica, to explore inconsistency between the two observational techniques. We test hypotheses of increased scattering and attenuation due to the presence of an active subglacial lake system that could suppress reflected bed‐echo power for RES observations in these locations, finding that entrained water is most plausible.
EventLFM: event camera integrated Fourier light field microscopy for ultrafast 3D imaging
Authors: Guo Ruipeng , Yang Qianwan , Chang Andrew S. , Hu Guorong , Greene Joseph , Gabel Christopher V. , You Sixian , Tian Lei
Published: June 2024

Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological processes. Conventional scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product (SBP). Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems, thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame rates. To address this, we introduce EventLFM, a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy (LFM), a state-of-the-art single-shot 3D wide-field imaging technique. The event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture, thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS systems. We further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by EventLFM. Experimental results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame rates. Furthermore, we highlight EventLFM’s capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving C. elegans. We believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.
Geministatins: new depside antibiotics from the fungus Austroacremonium gemini
Authors: Crombie Andrew , Kalaitzis John A. , Chen Rachel , Vuong Daniel , Lacey Alastair E. , Lacey Ernest , Shivas Roger G. , Tan Yu Pei , Sbaraini Nicolau , Chooi Yit-Heng , Piggott Andrew M.
Published: June 2024

Two new depside antibiotics, geministatins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the fungus Austroacremonium gemini MST-FP2131 (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota), which was recovered from rotting wood in the wet tropics of northern Australia. The structures of the geministatins were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, chemical degradation and comparison with literature values. Chemical degradation of 1 and 2 yielded three new analogues, geministatins C–E (3–5), as well as a previously reported compound dehydromerulinic acid A (6). Compounds 1, 2 and 6 exhibited antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (MIC 0.2–1.6 µg mL−1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.78–6.3 µg mL−1), including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), while 4 exhibited antifungal activity against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC 13 µg mL−1).