bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin D3 on Chemerin and Adiponectin Levels in Uterus of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats
Authors: Pich Karolina , Rajewska Jesika , Kamińska Kinga , Tchurzyk Marcelina , Szlaga Agata , Sambak Patryk , Błasiak Anna , Grzesiak Małgorzata , Rak Agnieszka
Published: August 2023

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder with disrupted uterus structure and function. A positive effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) in female reproduction was observed. Chemerin (RARRES2) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) are the main adipokines whose levels are altered in PCOS patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of VD3 supplementation on RARRES2 and ADIPOQ levels in the uterus of PCOS rats. Methods: We analyzed the plasma levels and uterine transcript and protein expression of RARRES2 and ADIPOQ and their receptors (CCRL2, CMKLR1, GPR1, and ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, respectively) in rats with letrozole-induced PCOS. Results: In control animals, VD3 did not change plasma levels of both adipokines, while in PCOS rats supplemented with VD3, they returned to control levels. The expression of RARRES2 and all investigated receptors increased in the uterus of VD3-treated rats; however, the levels of Rarres2 and Gpr1 genes remained unchanged. VD3 supplementation decreased RARRES2, CMKLR1, and GPR1 but increased CCRL2 level to the control value. In the uterus of VD3-treated rats, the transcript and protein levels of ADIPOQ and both receptors ADIPOR1 increased. At the same time, VD3 supplementation induced an increase in Adipoq, Adipor1, and Adipor2 gene expression and restored protein levels to control level values. Conclusions: our findings indicate a new mechanism of VD3 action in the uterine physiology of PCOS rats.
Adenosinergic System and Neuroendocrine Syncope: What Is the Link?
Authors: Guieu Régis , Fromonot Julien , Mottola Giovanna , Maille Baptiste , Marlinge Marion , Groppelli Antonella , Conte Samantha , Bechah Yassina , Lalevee Nathalie , Michelet Pierre , Hamdan Mohamed , Brignole Michele , Deharo Jean Claude
Published: August 2023

Although very common, the precise mechanisms that explain the symptomatology of neuroendocrine syncope (NES) remain poorly understood. This disease, which can be very incapacitating, manifests itself as a drop in blood pressure secondary to vasodilation and/or extreme slowing of heart rate. As studies continue, the involvement of the adenosinergic system is becoming increasingly evident. Adenosine, which is an ATP derivative, may be involved in a large number of cases. Adenosine acts on G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. A1 and A2A adenosine receptor dysfunction seem to be particularly implicated since the activation leads to severe bradycardia or vasodilation, respectively, two cardinal symptoms of NES. This mini-review aims to shed light on the links between dysfunction of the adenosinergic system and NHS. In particular, signal transduction pathways through the modulation of cAMP production and ion channels in relation to effects on the cardiovascular system are addressed. A better understanding of these mechanisms could guide the pharmacological development of new therapeutic approaches.
Structure and Relaxor Behavior of (0.5 − x)BiFeO3-0.5PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3-xPbTiO3 Ternary Ceramics
Authors: Boldyrev Nikita A. , Sitalo Eugene I. , Shilkina Lidia A. , Nazarenko Alexander V. , Ushakov Andrei D. , Shur Vladimir Y. , Reznichenko Larisa A. , Glazunova Ekaterina V.
Published: August 2023

Ceramics of the quasi-binary concentration section (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, Δx = 0.025) of the ternary solid solution system (0.5 − x)BiFeO3-0.5PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3-xPbTiO3 were prepared by the conventional solid-phase reaction method. An X-ray study at different temperatures revealed that (0.5 − x)BF-0.5PFN-xPT ceramics have a cluster morphology. Clusters have different modulation, crystal lattice symmetry, and chemical composition. The presence of a cluster structure in a solid solution with heterovalent substitution, consisting of regions rich in Ti+4, Nb+5, or Fe3+, has led to the appearance of Maxwell–Wagner polarization in the studied ceramics. The study of the dielectric characteristics revealed the relaxor-like behavior of the studied ceramics. The grain morphology, dielectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the selected solid solutions were investigated. The highest piezoelectric coefficient, d33 = 280 pC/N, was obtained in the 0.3BiFeO3-0.5PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3-0.2PbTiO3 ceramics. Study of the dielectric characteristics of all samples revealed relaxor ferroelectric behavior and a region of diffuse phase transition from the paraelectric to ferroelectric phase in the temperature range of 140–170 °C.
Impact of Genomic Deletion RD16 on the Expression of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau VapBC47 Toxin-Antitoxin System
Authors: Pagani Talita Duarte , Corrêa Paloma Rezende , Lima Cristiane , Gomes Leonardo Henrique Ferreira , Schwarz Marcos Gustavo Araujo , Galvão Teca Calcagno , Degrave Wim Maurits , Valadares Napoleão Fonseca , Mendonça-Lima Leila
Published: August 2023

Mycobacterium bovis BCG is the only vaccine against tuberculosis. The variable forms of cultivation throughout the years, before seed-lots were developed, allowed in vitro evolution of the original strain, generating a family of vaccines with different phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Molecular studies revealed regions of difference (RDs) in the genomes of the various BCG strains. This work aims to characterize the gene pair rv3407-rv3408 (vapB47-vapC47), coding for a toxin–antitoxin system of the VapBC family, and to evaluate possible transcriptional effects due to the adjacent BCG Moreau-specific genomic deletion RD16. We show that these genes are co-transcribed in BCG strains Moreau and Pasteur, and that the inactivation of an upstream transcriptional repressor (Rv3405c) due to RD16 has a polar effect, leading to increased vapBC47 expression. Furthermore, we detect VapB47 DNA binding in vitro, dependent on a 5′ vapB47 sequence that contributes to a palindrome, spanning the promoter and coding region. Our data shed light on the regulation of VapBC systems and on the impact of the BCG Moreau RD16 deletion in the expression of adjacent genes, contributing to a better understanding of BCG Moreau physiology.
Precision Medicine in Erythropoietin Deficiency and Treatment Resistance: A Novel Approach to Management of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yugavathy Nava , Abdullah Bashar Mudhaffar , Lim Soo Kun , Abdul Gafor Abdul Halim Bin , Wong Muh Geot , Bavanandan Sunita , Wong Hin Seng , Huri Hasniza Zaman
Published: August 2023

The study of anaemia is a well-developed discipline where the concepts of precision medicine have, in part, been researched extensively. This review discusses the treatment of erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency anaemia and resistance in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Traditionally, erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation have been used to manage anaemia in cases of CKD. However, these treatments pose potential risks, including cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. Newer treatments have emerged to address these risks, such as slow-release and low-dosage intravenous iron, oral iron supplementation, and erythropoietin–iron combination therapy. Another novel approach is the use of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs). This review highlights the need for precision medicine targeting the genetic components of EPO deficiency anaemia in CKD and discusses individual variability in genes such as the erythropoietin gene (EPO), the interleukin-β gene (IL-β), and the hypoxia-inducible factor gene (HIF). Pharmacogenetic testing aims to provide targeted therapies and interventions that are tailored to the specific characteristics of an individual, thus optimising treatment outcomes and minimising resistance and adverse effects. This article concludes by suggesting that receptor modification has the potential to revolutionise the treatment outcomes of patients with erythropoietin deficiency anaemia through the integration of the mentioned approach.
Aging Aggravates Periodontal Inflammatory Responses and Alveolar Bone Resorption by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection
Authors: Song Yuri , Chung Jin
Published: August 2023

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and its prevalence increases with age. However, little is known about the effect of immunosenescence on inflammatory response to P. gingivalis infection. In the present study, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed the relative abundance of P. gingivalis was significantly higher in periodontitis patients than healthy group, but there was no difference between the young (20 to 40 years old) and old (65 to 86 years old) periodontitis groups. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of P. gingivalis was greater on old THP-1 macrophages and on bone mar-row-derived cells (BMDMs) from old mice, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-12 were higher in old than in young THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, the activations of inflammasome components for IL-1β production by P. gingivalis infection were greater in old THP-1 macrophages. Finally, bone loss was significantly greater in P. gingivalis-infected aged mice than in young mice. These findings indicate that aging aggravates P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion and inflammasome activation. The study enhances understanding of the relationship between periodontal immunosenescence and inflammatory response in the elderly.
Diagnosis of a Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2) and the Humoral Immune Protection Effect of VP60 Vaccine
Authors: Li Zhaoming , Song Kaimin , Du Yongzhen , Zhang Zhuanglong , Fan Rupeng , Zheng Pimiao , Liu Jianzhu
Published: August 2023

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is known as rabbit plague and hemorrhagic pneumonia. It is an acute, septic, and highly fatal infectious disease caused by the Lagovirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the family Caliciviridae that infects wild and domestic rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). At present, RHDV2 has caused huge economic losses to the commercial rabbit trade and led to a decline in the number of wild lagomorphs worldwide. We performed a necropsy and pathological observations on five dead rabbits on a rabbit farm in Tai’an, China. The results were highly similar to the clinical and pathological changes of typical RHD. RHDV2 strain was isolated and identified by RT-PCR, and partial gene sequencing and genetic evolution analysis were carried out. There were significant differences in genetic characteristics and antigenicity between RHDV2 and classical RHDV strain, and the vaccine prepared with the RHDV strain cannot effectively prevent rabbit infection with RHDV2. Therefore, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a novel rabbit hemorrhagic virus baculovirus vector inactivated vaccine (VP60) in clinical application by animal regression experiment. The result showed that VP60 could effectively induce humoral immunity in rabbits. The vaccine itself had no significant effect on the health status of rabbits. This study suggested that the clinical application of VP60 may provide new ideas for preventing the spread of RHD2.
Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Nanoparticles on Plasmonic Silicon-Nanostructured Array Coating on Silicon Film
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Debao , Ren Yanru , Lv Jingwei , Yu Ying , Li Wei , Xu Xinchen , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: August 2023

A silicon-nanostructured array coating on silicon film (SAS film) is designed based on the plasmonic optical tweezer and demonstrated for optical trapping and manipulation of nanospheres with negligible impact on the local thermal conditions. The electric field enhancement, optical force, and trapping potential of the SAS film are investigated by the finite element method. The trapping position is affected by the incident light wavelength, structure of the nanoarray, and refractive index of the nanospheres. The presence of four energy wells around the nanoarray suggests that it is possible to trap multiple nanoparticles. Moreover, the circularly polarized light, Gaussian beam, and silicon nanoarray facilitate the trapping of nanoparticles. This study showcases the potential of SAS film as optical tweezers to capture nanoparticles for the development of nanophotonic devices.
Smart Asphalt Mixtures: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Trends
Authors: da Rocha Segundo Iran Gomes , Margalho Élida Melo , Lima Orlando de Sousa , Pinheiro Claver Giovanni da Silveira , de Freitas Elisabete Fraga , Carneiro Joaquim Alexandre S. A. Oliveira
Published: August 2023

A smart asphalt mixture holds new capabilities different from the original ones or can react to a stimulus. These capabilities can be categorized based on smartness or function: smartness, mechanical, electrical, optical, energy harvesting, electromagnetic wave/radiation shielding/absorbing, and water related. The most important capabilities applied to asphalt mixtures are the photocatalytic, self-cleaning, self-healing, superhydrophobic, thermochromic, deicing/anti-icing, and latent heat thermal energy storage abilities. This research deals with a bibliometric review of the peer-reviewed journal articles published on the Scopus database, with the strings of terms related to these capabilities and asphalt or bitum in their titles, abstracts, and keywords. The review analysis highlighted the increasing number of accumulated publications, confirming the relevance of this research topic in recent years. The capability most often referred to was self-healing. The study showed that China was the most productive country. Research articles were mostly published in the journal Construction and Building Materials. Several techniques and methods are being developed regarding smart asphalt mixtures; for that reason, this research work aims to evaluate the literature under a bibliometric analysis.
A Parametric Family of Triangular Norms and Conorms with an Additive Generator in the Form of an Arctangent of a Linear Fractional Function
Authors: Ledeneva Tatiana
Published: August 2023

At present, fuzzy modeling has established itself as an effective tool for designing and developing systems for various purposes that are used to solve problems of control, diagnostics, forecasting, and decision making. One of the most important problems is the choice and justification of an appropriate functional representation of the main fuzzy operations. It is known that, in the class of rational functions, such operations can be represented by additive generators in the form of a linear fractional function, a logarithm of a linear fractional function, and an arctangent of a linear fractional function. The paper is devoted to the latter case. Restrictions on the parameters, under which the arctangent of a linear fractional function is an increasing or decreasing generator, are defined. For each case, a corresponding fuzzy operation (a triangular norm or a conorm) is constructed. The theoretical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the obtained parametric families enrich the theory of Archimedean triangular norms and conorms and provide additional opportunities for the functional representation of fuzzy operations in the framework of fuzzy modeling. In addition, in fact, we formed a scheme for study functions that can be considered additive generators and constructed the corresponding fuzzy operations.
H-Terminated Diamond MOSFETs on High-Quality Diamond Film Grown by MPCVD
Authors: Hu Wenxiao , Yu Xinxin , Tao Tao , Chen Kai , Ye Yucong , Zhou Jianjun , Xie Zili , Yan Yu , Liu Bin , Zhang Rong
Published: August 2023

Diamond-based transistors have been considered as one of the best choices due to the numerous advantages of diamond. However, difficulty in the growth and fabrication of diamond needs to be addressed. In this paper, high quality diamond film with an atomically flat surface was grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. High growth rate, as much as 7 μm/h, has been acquired without nitrogen doping, and the root mean square (RMS) of the surface roughness was reduced from 0.92 nm to 0.18 nm by using a pre-etched process. H-terminated diamond MOSFETs were fabricated on a high-quality epitaxial diamond layer, of which the saturated current density was enhanced. The hysteresis of the transfer curve and the shift of the threshold voltage were significantly reduced as well.
Diatom Indicators of Fluctuating/Intermittent Discharge from Springs in Two Bavarian Nature Conservation Areas
Authors: Cantonati Marco , Casoria Chiara , Gerecke Reinhard , Bilous Olena P. , Maisto Giulia , Segadelli Stefano , Spitale Daniel , Steinbauer Alana , Vogel Sebastian , Saber Abdullah A.
Published: August 2023

As a follow-up to the project “Springs in the Bavarian National Parks as Indicators of Climate Change (SpringNPB)”, a standard methodology for using springs as sentinel environments of climate change was transferred to the UNESCO Rhön Biosphere Reserve and other Bavarian middle-elevation mountain ranges. We studied diatoms from fifteen springs selected in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (9) and Steigerwald Nature Park (6). A total of 127 species belonging to 40 genera were found sampling 3 microhabitat types (lithic materials, hygrophilous or aquatic vegetation, and surface sediments). The cumulative percentage of endangered species according to the Red List was 41.5%. These very shaded, low–medium conductivity, low-discharge forest springs are fed by small surficial aquifers. As a consequence, the discharge fluctuates widely, and some springs even occasionally fall dry. Our results could contribute to the use of diatoms as indicators of discharge variability/desiccation in springs: springs affected by discharge variability have lower diatom species richness and distinct diatom communities; diatom indicators and metrics can be validated using invertebrates; larger databases will be necessary to identify the most suitable diatom indicators.
Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of New 1,3,5-tris[(4-(Substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl)methyl]benzene Derivatives: A Novel Alternative Antiparasitic Scaffold
Authors: Albenque-Rubio Sandra , Guillon Jean , Cohen Anita , Agnamey Patrice , Savrimoutou Solène , Moreau Stéphane , Mergny Jean-Louis , Ronga Luisa , Kanavos Ioannis , Moukha Serge , Dozolme Pascale , Sonnet Pascal
Published: August 2023

A series of new 1,3,5-tris[(4-(substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl)methyl]benzene compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro against two parasites (Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani). The biological results showed antimalarial activity with IC50 values in the sub and μM range. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these new aza polyaromatic derivatives was also evaluated on human HepG2 cells. The 1,3,5-tris[(4-(substituted-aminomethyl)phenyl)methyl]benzene 1m was found as one of the most potent and promising antimalarial candidates with a ratio of cytotoxic to antiprotozoal activities of 83.67 against the P. falciparum CQ-sensitive strain 3D7. In addition, derivative 1r was also identified as the most interesting antimalarial compound with a selectivity index (SI) of 17.28 on the W2 P. falciparum CQ-resistant strain. It was previously described that the telomeres of P. falciparum could be considered as potential targets of these kinds of aza heterocycles; thus, the ability of these new derivatives to stabilize the parasitic telomeric G-quadruplexes was measured through a FRET melting assay.
Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Stent Optimisation in Focal and Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ohashi Hirofumi , Collison Damien , Mizukami Takuya , Didagelos Matthaios , Sakai Koshiro , Aetesam-ur-Rahman Muhammad , Munhoz Daniel , McCartney Peter , Ford Thomas J. , Lindsay Mitchell , Shaukat Aadil , Rocchiccioli Paul , Brogan Richard , Watkins Stuart , McEntegart Margaret , Good Richard , Robertson Keith , O’Boyle Patrick , Davie Andrew , Khan Adnan , Hood Stuart , Eteiba Hany , Amano Tetsuya , Sonck Jeroen , Berry Colin , De Bruyne Bernard , Oldroyd Keith G. , Collet Carlos
Published: August 2023

Assessing coronary physiology after stent implantation facilitates the optimisation of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary artery disease (CAD) patterns can be characterised by the pullback pressure gradient (PPG) index. The impact of focal vs. diffuse disease on physiology-guided incremental optimisation strategy (PIOS) is unknown. This is a sub-study of the TARGET-FFR randomized clinical trial (NCT03259815). The study protocol directed that optimisation be attempted for patients in the PIOS arm when post-PCI FFR was <0.90. Overall, 114 patients (n = 61 PIOS and 53 controls) with both pre-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR) pullbacks and post-PCI FFR were included. A PPG ≥ 0.74 defined focal CAD. The PPG correlated significantly with post-PCI FFR (r = 0.43; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.57; p-value < 0.001) and normalised delta FFR (r = 0.49; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.62; p-value < 0.001). PIOS was more frequently applied to vessels with diffuse CAD (6% focal vs. 42% diffuse; p-value = 0.006). In patients randomized to PIOS, those with focal disease achieved higher post-PCI FFR than patients with diffuse CAD (0.93 ± 0.05 vs. 0.83 ± 0.07, p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between CAD patterns and the randomisation arm for post-PCI FFR (p-value for interaction = 0.004). Physiology-guided stent optimisation was applied more frequently to vessels with diffuse disease; however, patients with focal CAD at baseline achieved higher post-PCI FFR.
[18F]-FDHT PET for the Imaging of Androgen Receptor in Prostate and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Filippi Luca , Urso Luca , Schillaci Orazio , Evangelista Laura
Published: August 2023

The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]-FDHT) for the in vivo imaging of androgen receptors (AR) through positron emission tomography (PET) in metastatic breast (mBC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Relevant studies published from 2013 up to May 2023 were selected by searching Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. The selected imaging studies were analyzed using a modified version of the critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Eleven studies encompassing 321 patients were selected. Seven of the eleven selected papers included 266 subjects (82.2%) affected by mCRPC, while four encompassed 55 (17.2%) patients affected by mBC. [18F]-FDHT PET showed a satisfying test/retest reproducibility, and when compared to a histochemical analysis, it provided encouraging results for in vivo AR quantification both in mCRPC and mBC. [18F]-FDHT PET had a prognostic relevance in mCRPC patients submitted to AR-targeted therapy, while a clear association between [18F]-FDHT uptake and the bicalutamide response was not observed in women affected by AR-positive mBC. Further studies are needed to better define the role of [18F]-FDHT PET, alone or in combination with other tracers (i.e., [18F]-FDG/[18F]-FES), for patients’ selection and monitoring during AR-targeted therapy, especially in the case of mBC.
Ultrasound-Based Image Analysis for Predicting Carotid Artery Stenosis Risk: A Comprehensive Review of the Problem, Techniques, Datasets, and Future Directions
Authors: Ottakath Najmath , Al-Maadeed Somaya , Zughaier Susu M. , Elharrouss Omar , Mohammed Hanadi Hassen , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Bouridane Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain. Plaque buildup in the arteries can lead to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, ruptured arteries, and even death. Both invasive and non-invasive methods are used to detect plaque buildup in the arteries, with ultrasound imaging being the first line of diagnosis. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on ultrasound image analysis methods for detecting and characterizing plaque buildup in the carotid artery. The review includes an in-depth analysis of datasets; image segmentation techniques for the carotid artery plaque area, lumen area, and intima–media thickness (IMT); and plaque measurement, characterization, classification, and stenosis grading using deep learning and machine learning. Additionally, the paper provides an overview of the performance of these methods, including challenges in analysis, and future directions for research.
Diagnostic Performance of the Darth Vader Sign for the Diagnosis of Lumbar Spondylolysis in Routinely Acquired Abdominal CT
Authors: Huber Florian A. , Schmidt Cynthia S. , Alkadhi Hatem
Published: August 2023

Spondylolysis is underdiagnosed and often missed in non-musculoskeletal abdominal CT imaging. Our aim was to assess the inter-reader agreement and diagnostic performance of a novel “Darth Vader sign” for the detection of spondylolysis in routine axial images. We performed a retrospective search in the institutional report archives through keyword strings for lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Abdominal CTs from 53 spondylolysis cases (41% female) and from controls (n = 6) without spine abnormalities were identified. A total of 139 single axial slices covering the lumbar spine (86 normal images, 40 with spondylolysis, 13 with degenerative spondylolisthesis without spondylolysis) were exported. Two radiology residents rated all images for the presence or absence of the “Darth Vader sign”. The diagnostic accuracy for both readers, as well as the inter-reader agreement, was calculated. The “Darth Vader sign” showed an inter-reader agreement of 0.77. Using the “Darth Vader sign”, spondylolysis was detected with a sensitivity and specificity of 65.0–88.2% and 96.2–99.0%, respectively. The “Darth Vader sign” shows excellent diagnostic performance at a substantial inter-reader agreement for the detection of spondylolysis. Using the “Darth Vader sign” in the CT reading routine may be an easy yet effective tool to improve the detection rate of spondylolysis in non-musculoskeletal cases and hence improve patient care.
A Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Lung Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Based on CT Images
Authors: Thanoon Mohammad A. , Zulkifley Mohd Asyraf , Mohd Zainuri Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi , Abdani Siti Raihanah
Published: August 2023

One of the most common and deadly diseases in the world is lung cancer. Only early identification of lung cancer can increase a patient’s probability of survival. A frequently used modality for the screening and diagnosis of lung cancer is computed tomography (CT) imaging, which provides a detailed scan of the lung. In line with the advancement of computer-assisted systems, deep learning techniques have been extensively explored to help in interpreting the CT images for lung cancer identification. Hence, the goal of this review is to provide a detailed review of the deep learning techniques that were developed for screening and diagnosing lung cancer. This review covers an overview of deep learning (DL) techniques, the suggested DL techniques for lung cancer applications, and the novelties of the reviewed methods. This review focuses on two main methodologies of deep learning in screening and diagnosing lung cancer, which are classification and segmentation methodologies. The advantages and shortcomings of current deep learning models will also be discussed. The resultant analysis demonstrates that there is a significant potential for deep learning methods to provide precise and effective computer-assisted lung cancer screening and diagnosis using CT scans. At the end of this review, a list of potential future works regarding improving the application of deep learning is provided to spearhead the advancement of computer-assisted lung cancer diagnosis systems.
MISM: A Medical Image Segmentation Metric for Evaluation of Weak Labeled Data
Authors: Hartmann Dennis , Schmid Verena , Meyer Philip , Auer Florian , Soto-Rey Iñaki , Müller Dominik , Kramer Frank
Published: August 2023

Performance measures are an important tool for assessing and comparing different medical image segmentation algorithms. Unfortunately, the current measures have their weaknesses when it comes to assessing certain edge cases. These limitations arise when images with a very small region of interest or without a region of interest at all are assessed. As a solution to these limitations, we propose a new medical image segmentation metric: MISm. This metric is a composition of the Dice similarity coefficient and the weighted specificity. MISm was investigated for definition gaps, an appropriate scoring gradient, and different weighting coefficients used to propose a constant value. Furthermore, an evaluation was performed by comparing the popular metrics in the medical image segmentation and MISm using images of magnet resonance tomography from several fictitious prediction scenarios. Our analysis shows that MISm can be applied in a general way and thus also covers the mentioned edge cases, which are not covered by other metrics, in a reasonable way. In order to allow easy access to MISm and therefore widespread application in the community, as well as reproducibility of experimental results, we included MISm in the publicly available evaluation framework MISeval.
Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity and Mean Pressure Gradient for the Prediction of Pulmonary Hypertension According to the New Hemodynamic Definition
Authors: Mandoli Giulia Elena , Landra Federico , Chiantini Benedetta , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Pastore Maria Concetta , Focardi Marta , Cavigli Luna , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Bernazzali Sonia , Maccherini Massimo , Valente Serafina , Cameli Matteo , Henein Michael
Published: August 2023

Background: The hemodynamic definition of PH has recently been revised with unchanged threshold of peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of peak TRV for PH based on the new (>20 mmHg) and the old (>25 mmHg) cut-off value for mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and to compare it with the mean right ventricular–right atrial (RV–RA) pressure gradient. Methods: Patients with advanced heart failure were screened from 2016 to 2021. The exclusion criteria were absent right heart catheterization (RHC) results, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, any septal defect, inadequate acoustic window or undetectable TR. The mean RV–RA gradient was calculated from the velocity–time integral of TR. Results: The study included 41 patients; 34 (82.9%) had mPAP > 20 mmHg and 24 (58.5%) had mPAP > 25 mmHg. The AUC for the prediction of PH with mPAP > 20 mmHg was 0.855 for peak TRV and mean RV–RA gradient was 0.811. AUC for the prediction of PH defined as mPAP > 25 mmHg for peak TRV was 0.860 and for mean RV–RA gradient was 0.830. A cutoff value of 2.4 m/s for peak TRV had 65% sensitivity and 100% positive predictive value for predicting PH according to the new definition. Conclusions: Peak TRV performed better than mean RV–RA pressure gradient in predicting PH irrespective of hemodynamic definitions. Peak TRV performed similarly with the two definitions of PH, but a lower cutoff value had higher sensitivity and equal positive predictive value for PH.
Diagnosis of Low-Grade Urothelial Neoplasm in the Era of the Second Edition of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology
Authors: Christofidis Konstantinos , Moulavasilis Napoleon , Fragkiadis Evangelos , Goutas Dimitrios , Lazaris Andreas C. , Mitropoulos Dionisios , Mikou Panagiota
Published: August 2023

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) is considered the gold standard when it comes to diagnostic classifications of urine specimens. Its second edition brought some important changes, including the abolition of the diagnostic category of “low-grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN)”, acknowledging the inability of cytology to reliably discern low-grade urothelial lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study, we assessed the validity of this change, studying the cytological diagnoses of histologically diagnosed low-grade urothelial carcinomas during a three-year period. Moreover, we correlated the sum of the urinary cytology diagnoses of this period with the histological diagnoses, whenever available. Results: Although all the cytological diagnoses of LGUN were concordant with the histological diagnoses, most low-grade urothelial carcinomas were misdiagnosed cytologically. Subsequently, the positive predictive value (PPV) of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of LGUN was 100%, while the sensitivity was only 21.7%. Following the cyto-histopathological correlation of the sum of the urinary cytology cases, the sensitivity of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) was demonstrated to be 90.1%, the specificity 70.8%, the positive predictive value (PPV) 60.3%, the negative predictive value (NPV) 93.6% and the overall accuracy 77.2%, while for LGUN, the values were 21.7%, 97.2%, 87.5%, 58.6% and 61.9%, respectively. Risk of high-grade malignancy was 0% for the non-diagnostic (ND), 4.8% for the non-high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC), 33.3% for the atypical urothelial cells (AUCs), 65% for the suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC), 100% for the HGUC and 12.5% for the LGUN diagnostic categories. Conclusions: This study validates the incorporation of the LGUN in the NHGUC diagnostic category in the second edition of TPS. Moreover, it proves the ability of urinary cytology to safely diagnose HGUC and stresses the pivotal role of its diagnosis.
TFAM in mtDNA Homeostasis: Open Questions
Authors: Alexeyev Mikhail
Published: August 2023

Transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) is a key player in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and replication [...]
A Transverse Hamiltonian Approach to Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis of Quantum Stochastic Systems
Authors: Vladimirov Igor G.
Published: August 2023

This paper is concerned with variational methods for open quantum systems with Markovian dynamics governed by Hudson–Parthasarathy quantum stochastic differential equations. These QSDEs are driven by quantum Wiener processes of the external bosonic fields and are specified by the system Hamiltonian and system–field coupling operators. We consider the system response to perturbations in these operators and introduce a transverse Hamiltonian which encodes the propagation of the perturbations through the unitary system–field evolution. This approach provides an infinitesimal perturbation analysis tool which can be used for the development of optimality conditions in quantum control and filtering problems. As performance criteria, such settings employ quadratic (or more complicated) cost functionals of the system and field variables to be minimized over the energy and coupling parameters of system interconnections. We demonstrate an application of the transverse Hamiltonian variational approach to a mean square optimal coherent quantum filtering problem for a measurement-free field-mediated cascade connection of a quantum system with a quantum observer.
Investigating the Impact of Gamification on Student Motivation, Engagement, and Performance
Authors: García-López Iván Miguel , Acosta-Gonzaga Elizabeth , Ruiz-Ledesma Elena Fabiola
Published: August 2023

In the academic context, the use of innovative learning techniques that can have a positive impact in the classroom is becoming increasingly common; gamification is one such technique. This study compared the effects of gamification on engagement, cognition, metacognition, and academic performance when university students used a gamified platform to when they did not in a mathematics course. Using the statistical technique of structural equation modelling (SEM) for both cases, the results show that motivation was the construct with the largest effects, influencing behavioral dissatisfaction, cognition, and metacognition. When students used the gamified platform, motivation influenced behavioral dissatisfaction, which in turn influenced academic performance. On the other hand, when the gamified platform was not used, motivation had a negative effect on academic performance. Therefore, the use of gamification learning strategies can help to reduce student demotivation.
Study on Parking Space Recognition Based on Improved Image Equalization and YOLOv5
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Wen , Jiang Yueqiu
Published: August 2023

Parking space recognition is an important part in the process of automatic parking, and it is also a key issue in the research field of automatic parking technology. The parking space recognition process was studied based on vision and the YOLOv5 target detection algorithm. Firstly, the fisheye camera around the body was calibrated using the Zhang Zhengyou calibration method, and then the corrected images captured by the camera were top-view transformed; then, the projected transformed images were stitched and fused in a unified coordinate system, and an improved image equalization processing fusion algorithm was used in order to improve the uneven image brightness in the parking space recognition process; after that, the fused images were input to the YOLOv5 target detection model for training and validation, and the results were compared with those of two other algorithms. Finally, the contours of the parking space were extracted based on OpenCV. The simulations and experiments proved that the brightness and sharpness of the fused images meet the requirements after image equalization, and the effectiveness of the parking space recognition method was also verified.
Leveraging Edge Computing ML Model Implementation and IoT Paradigm towards Reliable Postoperative Rehabilitation Monitoring
Authors: Faliagka Evanthia , Skarmintzos Vasileios , Panagiotou Christos , Syrimpeis Vasileios , Antonopoulos Christos P. , Voros Nikolaos
Published: August 2023

In this work, an IoT system with edge computing capability is proposed, facilitating the postoperative surveillance of patients who have undergone knee surgery. The main objective is to reliably identify whether a set of orthopedic rehabilitation exercises is executed correctly, which is critical since it is often necessary to supervise patients during the rehabilitation period so as to avoid injuries or long recovery periods. The proposed system leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm in combination with deep learning and edge computing to classify the extension–flexion movement of one’s knee via embedded machine learning (ML) classification algorithms. The contribution of the proposed work is multilayered, as this paper proposes a system tackling the challenges at the embedded system level, algorithmic level, and user-friendliness level considering a performance evaluation, including the metrics at the power consumption level, delay level, and throughput requirement level, as well as its accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, as an outcome of this work, a dataset of labeled knee movements is freely available to the research community with no limitations. It also provides real-time movement detection with an accuracy reaching 100%, which is achieved with an ML model trained to fit a low-cost off-the-shelf Bluetooth Low Energy platform. The proposed edge computing approach allows predictions to be performed on device rather than solely relying on a Cloud service. This yields critical benefits in terms of wireless bandwidth and power conservation, drastically enhancing device autonomy while delivering reduced event detection latency. In particular, the “on device” implementation is able to yield a drastic 99.9% wireless data transfer reduction, a critical 39% prediction delay reduction, and a valuable 17% increase in the event prediction rate considering a reference period of 60 s. Finally, enhanced privacy comprises another significant benefit from the implemented edge computing ML model, as sensitive data can be processed on site and only events or predictions are shared with medical personnel.
CMOS Tunable Pseudo-Resistor with Low Harmonic Distortion
Authors: Molinar-Solis Jesus E. , Padilla-Cantoya Ivan , Ocampo-Hidalgo Juan J. , Sandoval-Perez Sergio , Rivera-Mejia Jose
Published: August 2023

In this work, a tunable pseudo-resistor was designed, simulated, and tested using a 0.35 µm CMOS technology. The proposal used a compact voltage bias circuit free of body-effect, allowing a constant resistance value over the pseudo-resistor’s dynamic range, improving its linearity. A fabricated cell was characterized providing a resistance value from 300 kΩ to 10 GΩ with a THD from <2.5% to 1 GΩ. Additionally, the pseudo-resistor was incorporated into a high-pass OTA filter showing a THD below 0.2% for input voltages in the range ≤ 0.3 Vp. The simulations were compared with experimental measurements in a CMOS-fabricated cell, which verified the proposal’s feasibility.
Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B) Communication: Integrating Blockchain into V2X and IoT for Next-Generation Transportation Systems
Authors: Zrikem Maria , Hasnaoui Inas , Elassali Rajaa
Published: August 2023

As smart transportation systems evolve, secure and efficient V2X communication between vehicles and infrastructure becomes crucial. This paper introduces a Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B) communication architecture, leveraging blockchain technology for transparent and decentralized interactions. Our work contributes to the integration of blockchain into V2X and IoT for next-generation transportation systems. We propose several novel blockchain use cases, including a blockchain-based vehicle ownership system based on the multi-token standard, a vehicle scoring system, blockchain–IoT integration, and a decentralized ticket management system for transportation services. The architecture addresses key aspects, such as data integration, validity, and secure messaging, and introduces a decentralized payment system and marketplace for transportation in smart cities. We specifically emphasize the technical implementation of smart contracts for these use cases, underscoring their role in ensuring robust and reliable interactions. Through our decentralized approach, we pave the way for a transformative transportation ecosystem that is adaptable, resilient, and capable of meeting the evolving needs of smart cities.
Robust Energy-Efficient Transmission for Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Imperfect CSI
Authors: Gao Wenhuan , Zhang Yu , Liu Lilan , Fang Renbin , Sun Jingyi , Zhu Lei , Zhang Zhizhong
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigate a long-term power minimization problem of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. To address this issue and to ensure the system queue stability, we formulate a dynamic optimization problem aiming to minimize the average total power cost in a time-varying system under imperfect channel conditions. The problem is then converted into a real-time weighted sum rate maximization problem for each time slot using the Lyapunov optimization technique. We employ approximation techniques to design robust sparse beamforming, which enables energy savings of the network and mitigates channel uncertainty. By applying direct fractional programming (DFP) and alternating optimization, we can obtain a locally optimal solution. Our DFP-based algorithm minimizes the average total power consumption of the network while satisfying the quality of service requirements for each user. Simulation results demonstrate the rapid convergence of the proposed algorithm and illustrate the tradeoff between average network power consumption and queue latency.
Energy-Efficient City Transportation Solutions in the Context of Energy-Conserving and Mobility Behaviours of Generation Z
Authors: Grzesiuk Kalina , Jegorow Dorota , Wawer Monika , Głowacz Anna
Published: August 2023

Undertaking various activities aimed at sustainable development, especially energy conservation, is becoming one of the challenges of modern economies, including developing urban areas. One of the most widely promoted activities is designing and implementing energy-conserving solutions for urban mobility. People play a vital role in this regard, especially young people, represented here by Generation Z. Their attitudes and behaviours regarding sustainability can significantly impact the effectiveness of energy-efficient technological solutions. The purpose of this article is to examine the nature of the relationship between the assessment of the importance of energy-efficient transportation solutions available in the city and the attitudes and behaviours of representatives of Generation Z relating to the idea of sustainability, broken down into two categories, i.e., energy-conserving behaviour and mobility. In this study, a diagnostic survey method was used. Based on the literature review, we designed a research tool in the form of a questionnaire. Four hundred and ninety representatives of Generation Z participated in the study. To verify the hypotheses, first, a qualitative analysis was carried out for the three study areas using measures of central tendency; then, a correlation analysis was performed based on Pearson’s chi-square independence test, and to determine the strength of the relationship, the following symmetric measures were used: Cramer’s V and the Contingency Coefficient. The normalisation of the data, giving them a quantitative character, allowed the possibility of examining the correlation using Pearson’s test and the directionality of the analysed relationships based on simple and multiple linear regression results. Ananalys is of the obtained results allows us to conclude that energy-related sustainable behaviours in the acquisition of electrical appliances, their use and disposal, and mobility-related energy-conserving behaviours, resulting from the choice of means of transportation for moving in the city, influence the assessment of the importance of available energy-efficient mobility solutions. City administrations could use the study results as a guideline for the implementation of energy-conserving solutions in urban transportation, as well as the planning and promotion of appropriate activities related to the mobility of Generation Z, that are adequate to the attitudes and behaviours of young people.
Improvement of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System for Self-Consumption of a Local Object with Control of the Power Consumed from the Grid
Authors: Shavolkin Olexandr , Shvedchykova Iryna , Kolcun Michal , Medveď Dušan
Published: August 2023

Improvement of the principles of the implementation of a hybrid solar-wind system equipped with a battery for self-consumption of a local object, with the control of power consumed from the grid, is considered. The aim is to increase the degree of energy use from renewable energy sources for consumption while limiting the degree of battery discharge, taking into account deviations in the load schedule and generation of energy sources relative to the calculated (forecast) values. The possibility of compensating for deviations in the load schedule and renewable energy sources generation relative to the calculated (forecast) values is shown when electricity consumption decreases and the degree of energy use increases. Compliance of the schedule of the battery state of charge with the calculated schedule is achieved by correcting the consumption of active power according to the deviation of the state of charge with a given discreteness of time. The algorithm of the control was improved by taking into account the measured value of the load power with an increase in the degree of energy use. Also, the use of correction allows you to limit the depth of discharge of the battery at the accepted value. A mathematical 24 h model of energy processes was developed, taking into account the error in estimating the state of charge. The results of the modeling using archival data on renewable sources generation confirm that the proposed solutions are effective. For the considered application with average monthly generation in February, the correction allows reducing electricity consumption by 16–21% and payment costs at three tariffs by 24–27%.