bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses peritoneal angiogenesis by targeting a VEGFR2/ERK1/2/HIF‐1α‐dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Yingfeng , Li Jinqing , Chen Hui , Hu Yan , Tang Lunxian , Wang Yi , Zang Xiujuan , Ma Xiaoyan , Huang Guansen , Zhou Xun , Tao Min , Lv Zexin , Chen Si , Qiu Andong , Zhuang Shougang , Liu Na
Published: July 2022

The catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), has been reported to be involved in angiogenesis in some tumors and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which EZH2 regulates peritoneal angiogenesis remain unclear. We detected the expression of EZH2 in clinical samples and the peritoneal tissue of a mouse peritoneal fibrosis model induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). In addition, we further investigated the mechanisms by which inhibition of EZH2 by 3‐deazaneplanocin A (3‐DZNeP) alleviated the CG‐induced peritoneal fibrosis mouse model in vivo and 3‐DZNeP or EZH2 siRNA treatment in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of EZH2 in the peritoneum of long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the CG‐induced peritoneal fibrosis mouse model was remarkably increased and this was positively associated with higher expression of vascular markers (CD31, CD34, VEGF, p‐VEGFR2). Peritoneal injection of 3‐DZNeP attenuated angiogenesis in the peritoneum of CG‐injured mice; improved peritoneal membrane function; and decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2, and activation of Wnt1/β‐catenin. In in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that inhibition of EZH2 by 3‐DZNeP or EZH2 siRNA decreased tube formation and the migratory ability of HUVECs via two pathways: the Wnt1/β‐catenin pathway and the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway. Suppression of the Wnt1/β‐catenin pathway and the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway subsequently reduced VEGF production in HPMCs. Using specific inhibitors of VEGFR2, ERK1/2, and HIF‐1α, we found that a VEGFR2/ERK1/2/HIF‐1α axis existed and contributed to angiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway and HIF‐1α in HUVECs could be suppressed by inhibition of EZH2. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that EZH2 may be a novel target for preventing peritoneal angiogenesis in PD patients. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Feasibility of whole‐genome sequencing‐based tumor diagnostics in routine pathology practice
Authors: Samsom Kris G , Schipper Luuk J , Roepman Paul , Bosch Linda JW , Lalezari Ferry , Klompenhouwer Elisabeth G , de Langen Adrianus J , Buffart Tineke E , Riethorst Immy , Schoenmaker Lieke , Schout Daoin , van der Noort Vincent , van den Berg Jose G , de Bruijn Ewart , van der Hoeven Jacobus JM , van Snellenberg Hans , van der Kolk Lizet E , Cuppen Edwin , Voest Emile E , Meijer Gerrit A , Monkhorst Kim
Published: July 2022

The current increase in number and diversity of targeted anticancer agents poses challenges to the logistics and timeliness of molecular diagnostics (MolDx), resulting in underdiagnosis and treatment. Whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) may provide a sustainable solution for addressing current as well as future diagnostic challenges. The present study therefore aimed to prospectively assess feasibility, validity, and value of WGS in routine clinical practice. WGS was conducted independently of, and in parallel with, standard of care (SOC) diagnostics on routinely obtained tumor samples from 1,200 consecutive patients with metastatic cancer. Results from both tests were compared and discussed in a dedicated tumor board. From 1,200 patients, 1,302 samples were obtained, of which 1,216 contained tumor cells. WGS was successful in 70% (854/1,216) of samples with a median turnaround time of 11 days. Low tumor purity (<20%) was the main reason for not completing WGS. WGS identified 99.2% and SOC MolDx 99.7% of the total of 896 biomarkers found in genomic regions covered by both tests. Actionable biomarkers were found in 603/848 patients (71%). Of the 936 associated therapy options identified by WGS, 343 were identified with SOC MolDx (36.6%). Biomarker‐based therapy was started in 147 patients. WGS revealed 49 not previously identified pathogenic germline variants. Fresh‐frozen, instead of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded, sample logistics were easily adopted as experienced by the professionals involved. WGS for patients with metastatic cancer is well feasible in routine clinical practice, successfully yielding comprehensive genomic profiling for the vast majority of patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube on progressive damage of epoxy/carbon fiber reinforced structural composite
Authors: Bhowmik Krishnendu , Khutia Niloy , Tarfaoui Mostapha , Jana Mrinmoy , Das Kaushik , Roy Tarapada , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit , Roy Chowdhury Amit
Published: July 2022

The present work aims to demonstrate the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on mechanical behavior and damage of woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites through experimental characterizations and multi‐scale modeling. Tensile tests were conducted for MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites, and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced laminated open hole composites with different MWCNT weight ratios. The tensile modulus in CNT/epoxy nanocomposite was enhanced by 15.0%, 37.86%, and 22.86% for MWCNT reinforcement of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% wt, respectively. The corresponding improvement of tensile modulus for woven composites was 3.45%, 10.25%, and 1.53%; whereas tensile strength was increased by 19.76%, 25.78%, and 6.70%. The enhancement of tensile modulus and strength was less for 1.5% wt MWCNT laminates due to the formation of MWCNT agglomeration. The effective elastic isotropic/orthotropic properties for nanocomposite/woven composite were estimated through Mori‐Tanaka approach and numerical homogenization. The finite element simulations were performed with Hashin's damage model and extended finite element method‐based crack growth study. The delaminations between layers have been demonstrated through cohesive zone modeling. Damage propagation, interface delamination, and fiber/matrix failure were demonstrated by numerical simulations in line with scanning electron microscope observations.
Advances in the use of plants as potential biofactories in the production of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: dos Santos Cristiane , Franco Octávio Luiz
Published: July 2022

Plants subjected to phytopathogens can synthesize peptides with antimicrobial properties. In the last few decades, there has been an impressive increase in the prospection of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) due to continuous demand for the development and manufacture of new antibiotics. In this setting, plants have attracted scientific and pharmaceutical interest and are considered promising AMPs biofactories. However, it is a great challenge to explore the diversity of actions needed to obtain a pharmaceutical product with AMPs derived from plants on a large scale. This review presents the last 5 years main findings on plants used as AMPs biofactories. Published works in this period were reviewed, and perspectives are presented on recombinant AMPs for drug production that appear in a plant‐based system, as well as products available on the market.
How dignity‐related distress interacts with quality of life in young adult patients with cancer during the active treatment stage: A network analysis
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Wang Rui , Qiao Shiman , Liu Fuyan , Wang Lanzhong , Su Yonggang
Published: July 2022

Objective

Young adult patients with cancer are a growing concern. By means of network analysis, this study aimed to explore the interplay between dignity‐related distress and quality of life (QoL) in young adult patients with cancer when they undergo active treatments.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 309 young adults aged 18–39 and diagnosed with malignant tumors were recruited from an oncology center in China between September 2020 and August 2021. Participants completed the Patient Dignity Inventory and SF‐36 questionnaires. Network analysis was applied to examine the network structure.

Results

Overall, the core facets of dignity‐related distress were negatively related to QoL and its corresponding domains, either directly or indirectly. Developmental distress played a central role among estimated networks and strongly interplayed with most QoL domains, especially the mental domains. Symptom distress was the only facet consistently interplayed with the physical domains of QoL (i.e., physical function and bodily pain). The social aspects were also revealed in the association between limited social support and vitality.

Conclusions

Early attention must be paid to guarantee the need of preserving dignity and enhancing QoL for young adult patients.
Lung ultrasound to evaluate lung recruitment in neonates with respiratory distress (RELUS study)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Fanjul Javier , Corsini Iuri , Ortí Clara Sorribes , Bobillo‐Perez Sara , Raimondi Francesco
Published: July 2022

Background

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a bedside tool useful to diagnose neonatal respiratory disease and to guide surfactant therapy. LUS scores have emerged as useful tool for newborn respiratory distress but is unknown if respiratory support settings may influence it. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of LUS scores evaluating lung recruitment in term newborns with respiratory distress when noninvasive respiratory it is increased.

Material and Methods

Prospective study in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Inclusion criteria were term neonates with respiratory distress requiring noninvasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) within first 6 h of life with an LUS score higher than 8 were enrolled. LUS was performed three times. First LUS (LUS‐1) was done in patients in nCPAP (Fabian Device) (Acutronic) (pressure of 6 cmH2O). Afterwards patients were placed in duo positive airway pressure (12/6 cmH2O), a second LUS (LUS‐2) was performed immediately and a third (LUS‐3) was done 2 h later on the same respiratory support. The primary outcome was to compare LUS scores in the different timelines. Second outcomes were to evaluate the level of respiratory distress and oxygenation were evaluated with SpO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (S/F ratio), FiO2 ratio, respiratory rate, and blood gas analysis which were analyzed during the LUS‐1 and the LUS‐3. To evaluate newborn discomfort, patients were evaluated with Crying Requires oxygen Increased vital signs Expression Sleep (CRIES) scale.

Results

Forty neonates were enrolled. Fifty percent were female (n = 20), median gestational age was 38 + 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 37 + 5–39 + 4) with a median weight of 3155 g (IQR: 2637–3532). Duration of non invasive ventilation support was 72 h (IQR: 54–96). None of the patients required surfactant therapy or mechanical ventilation. LUS scores were no different between LUS‐1 9 (IQR: 8.3–10) and LUS‐2 9 (IQR: 8.3–10) (p = 0.675) but there were differences between LUS‐1 and LUS‐3 7 (IQR: 6.3–8.5) (p = 0.036). There was an improvement in the oxygen parameters, respiratory rate, and CO2 between LUS‐1 and LUS‐3 (p < 0.001). There were no changes in the CRIES scale.

Conclusions

There is an improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters after the increasing of respiratory support in newborns with noninvasive ventilation. We observe a correlation with an improvement in the assessment of lung aeration were evaluated with LUS score.
Winner or loser? The asymmetric role of natural resource rents on financial development among resource‐rich countries
Authors: Yıldırım Seda , Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı , Bostancı Seda H. , Tarı Elif Nur
Published: July 2022

The resource curse theory has become a paradox that has been discussed for many years in the literature. Because most studies have revealed empirical evidence that resource rents negatively affect financial development although resource wealth provides many advantages. Therefore, studies on whether studies conducted with different methods in different periods can produce results contrary to this theory are continuing. This study aims to test the asymmetric effect of natural resource rents on financial development among resource‐rich countries. The study investigated the data of 10 countries those have the highest natural resource rents in the World that selected from World Atlas (2018) for the period 1993–2017. As a result of empirical analysis, this study proved that there was a financial resource curse hypothesis among resource‐rich countries. While positive shocks are effecting financial development negatively, negative shocks are found as effecting financial development positively. This study also showed that resource‐rich countries are lucky but not a winner in the context of financial development and sustainable development.
The Cost of Change: How Ideological Shifts Impact Afghans' Investment in Learning English
Authors: Rabbidge Michael , Zaheeb Abdul Saboor
Published: July 2022

The role of English in Afghanistan has always been contentious, but in 2001 English acquired symbolic capital that provided people with a motive to invest in learning the language. To better understand this investment, this study employed Darvin and Norton's Model of Investment along with the notion of Linguistic Entrepreneurship to investigate how dynamic shifts in the global era can influence people's willingness to invest in a new language, and how this investment is tied to issues of ideology, capital, and identity. Narrative data were collected via frames and interviews to present the experiences of people who had lived through a relatively prosperous time in Afghanistan's recent history, yet who also faced uncertainty due to the sudden shift in power that threatened the conditions which had allowed them to align themselves with more global ambitions. The study reveals how government and western support was influential in Afghans investing in English, which allowed them to accrue economic, cultural, and social capital, transforming them into linguistic entrepreneurs. However, recent events mean this support has been marginalized, diminishing the ability of Afghans to invest in English and leaving the participants in this study in a precarious position as new ideologies which promote opposition to western influence take hold of the country.
Ultrasound‐guided repositioning technique for partially expelled intrauterine device: descriptive feasibility study
Authors: Yamaguti E. M. M. , Sontag dos Reis E. T. , Martins W. P. , Nadai M. N. , Soares N. F. , da Silva Costa F. , Vieira C. S.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To describe the feasibility of an ultrasound‐guided repositioning technique for partially expelled intrauterine devices (IUDs) without use of sedation.

Methods

This was a descriptive feasibility study of patients with a partially expelled IUD managed in our outpatient clinic from January 2016 to February 2020. The partially expelled IUDs (vertical arm extending partially or entirely through the cervical canal) were repositioned at the uterine fundus using Hartmann alligator forceps under ultrasound guidance. Paracervical or intracervical anesthesia and prophylactic antibiotics were not used. Data related to the procedure and 6‐month follow‐up were extracted from patient medical records. The primary outcome was the success rate of the repositioning procedure, defined as ultrasound confirmation of the entire IUD located above the internal os. Secondary outcomes included the retention and expulsion rates of the repositioned IUD at 6 months after the procedure and description of complications.

Results

We included data from 55 women with a partially expelled IUD (35 levonorgestrel IUDs and 20 copper IUDs) referred for repositioning. Ultrasound‐guided repositioning of the IUD was successful in 51 (92.7%) cases, while the procedure was not completed in four patients due to pain. Of the 55 procedures, 48 (87.3%) were performed by obstetrics and gynecology trainees under the supervision of a senior specialist. Among the 51 successfully repositioned IUDs, nine (17.6%) were expelled within 6 months after the procedure and six patients were lost to follow‐up. No uterine perforation or infection‐related complications occurred within 6 months of the procedure.

Conclusion

The ultrasound‐guided repositioning technique appears to be a safe and feasible approach for partially expelled IUDs. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model
Authors: Camacho Olmedo María Teresa , Mas Jean-François , Paegelow Martin
Published: July 2022

In Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) modelling, soft maps are often produced to express the propensity of an area to land use change. These maps are generally prepared in raster format, and have values of between 0 and 1, indicating the propensity of each pixel to change. In the literature, they are referred to as suitability, change potential or change probability maps. These maps are sometimes considered as the final product of a model (e.g. map of deforestation risk), but they can also serve as intermediate products that simulate the changes from which a hard-simulated land use/cover map can later be prepared using, for example, a cellular automaton. In both cases, it is essential to evaluate the soft map’s ability to identify the areas that are most susceptible to change. One way of assessing this ability is to compare the spatial coincidence between the real changes observed on the ground and the values estimated by the soft map. One would expect real change areas to coincide with high change potential values (near 1) and real no-change areas with low change potential values (near 0). This comparison can be made using various statistical approaches including Correlation Coefficient (Sect. 1), the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) (Sect. 2) and the Difference in Potential (DiP) (Sect. 3). Other measures, such as total uncertainty, quantity uncertainty and allocation uncertainty (Sect. 4), are used exclusively in the analysis of soft maps. In this chapter, we describe the fundamental steps involved in these four statistical approaches to validating the soft maps produced by a model. The four sections are illustrated with specific cases: to validate soft maps produced by the model, to validate soft maps produced by the model against a reference map and to validate soft maps produced by various models against a reference map. We use the Ariège database to validate the different soft maps (change potential and suitability maps) produced by the model by comparing them with real land use maps of the Ariège Valley for two dates (CORINE 2012 and 2018). All these validation techniques are carried out using raster data. As commented earlier, the soft maps produced by the model are continuous, ranked variables. We designed exercises using this original format. In other chapters of this book, the soft maps produced by the model are validated after reclassification of the original maps.
Advanced Pattern Analysis to Validate Land Use Cover Maps
Authors: Paegelow Martin , García-Álvarez David
Published: July 2022

In this chapter we explore pattern analysis for categorical LUC maps as a means of validating land use cover maps, land change and land change simulations. In addition to those described in Chap. “Spatial Metrics to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”, we present three complementary methods and techniques: a Goodness of Fit metric to measure the agreement between two maps in terms of pattern (Map Curves), the focus on changes on pattern borders as a method for validating on-border processes and a technique quantifying the magnitude of distance error. Map Curves (Sect. 1) offers a universal pattern-based index, called Goodness of Fit (GOF), which measures the spatial concordance between categorical rasters or vector layers. Complementary to this pattern validation metric, the following Sect. 2 focuses specifically on the changes that take place on pattern borders. This enables changes to be divided into those that take place on the borders of existing features and those that form new, disconnected features. Bringing this chapter on landscape patterns to a close, Sect. 3 presents a technique for quantifying allocation errors in simulation maps and more precisely on the minimum distance between the allocation errors in simulation maps and the nearest patch belonging to the same category on the reference map. The comparison between a raster-based and a vector-based approach brings us back to the differences in measurement inherent in the representation of entities in raster and vector mode. These techniques are applied to two datasets. Section 1 uses the Asturias Central Area database, where CORINE maps are compared to SIOSE maps and simulation outputs. For their part, the techniques described in Sects. 2 and 3 are applied to the Ariège Valley database. CORINE maps for 2000 and 2018 are used as reference maps in comparisons with simulated land covers.
General Land Use Cover Datasets for Africa
Authors: García-Álvarez David , Lara Hinojosa Javier
Published: July 2022

Several general Land Use Cover (LUC) datasets are available for Africa. They provide a general picture of the land uses and covers in more than one African country, rather than focusing on any specific type. In this chapter, we review six datasets of this kind. Only one (CCI LAND COVER – S2 PROTOTYPE, 30 m) covers the whole continent, while the others map certain specific regions of Africa. All these datasets have been produced within the context of specific projects, usually sponsored by international organizations such as the European Space Agency (ESA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Once these projects come to an end, no new updates of the maps were published, which limits the potential and the temporal resolution of the available datasets. For Africa, only the West Africa Land Use Land Cover (2 km) and the SERVIR-ESA (30 m) provide a time series of LUC maps. The first provides maps for three reference years (1975, 2000, 2013), while in the second the number of maps available and their respective reference years vary from country to country: from 2 to 4 different editions issued between 1990 and 2015. AFRICOVER (1:200,000) and the Congo Basin Vegetation Types dataset (300 m) provide LUC information for just one reference year, although they were created from imagery covering a long time-span: 1994–2001 for AFRICOVER and 2000–2007 for Congo Basin Vegetation Types. The SADC Land Cover Database (1:250,000) was obtained by merging and harmonizing national and regional LUC datasets. As a result, the reference year varies from one country to the next, always between 1990 and 1997. The CCI LAND COVER – S2 PROTOTYPE was produced at the highest spatial resolution of all the datasets reviewed in this chapter (30 m). It also provided the most comprehensive, most updated LUC image of Africa, with information for the year 2015/16.
Sample Data for Thematic Accuracy Assessment in QGIS
Authors: Castillo-Santiago Miguel Ángel , Mondragón-Vázquez Edith , Domínguez-Vera Roberto
Published: July 2022

We present an approach that is widely used in the field of remote sensing for the validation of single LUC maps. Unlike other chapters in this book, where maps are validated by comparison with other maps with better resolution and/or quality, this approach requires a ground sample dataset, i.e. a set of sites where LUC can be observed in the field or interpreted from high-resolution imagery. Map error is assessed using techniques based on statistical sampling. In general terms, in this approach, the accuracy of single LUC maps is assessed by comparing the thematic map against the reference data and measuring the agreement between the two. When assessing thematic accuracy, three stages can be identified: the design of the sample, the design of the response, and the estimation and analysis protocols. Sample design refers to the protocols used to define the characteristics of the sampling sites, including sample size and distribution, which can be random or systematic. Response design involves establishing the characteristics of the reference data, such as the size of the spatial assessment units, the sources from which the reference data will be obtained, and the criteria for assigning labels to spatial units. Finally, the estimation and analysis protocols include the procedures applied to the reference data to calculate accuracy indices, such as user’s and producer’s accuracy, the estimated areas covered by each category and their respective confidence intervals. This chapter has two sections in which we present a couple of exercises relating to sampling and response design; the sample size will be calculated, the distribution of sampling sites will be obtained using a stratified random scheme, and finally, a set of reference data will be obtained by photointerpretation at the sampling sites (spatial units). The accuracy statistics will be calculated later in Sect. 5 in chapter “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps” as part of the cross-tabulation exercises. The exercises in this chapter use fine-scale LUC maps obtained for the municipality of Marqués de Comillas in Chiapas, Mexico.
Basic and Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation to Validate Land Use Cover Maps
Authors: Camacho Olmedo María Teresa , García-Álvarez David
Published: July 2022

In this chapter, we describe the fundamental principles and the normal procedure followed when cross-tabulating two datasets. Cross-Tabulation analysis (Sect. 1) is usually the first step in the validation of Land Use Cover (LUC) data. It compares two datasets to observe their spatial relationship, i.e. their degree of spatial (dis)agreement. Results are usually displayed in the form of maps, tables and other statistical measures. Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation (Sect. 2) compares two raster datasets at multiple spatial resolutions. Basic Cross-Tabulation can compare raster and vector data, while Multiple-Resolution Cross-Tabulation only works with raster data, which is what we use in the exercises provided as examples. In the exercises, raster data were obtained from vector data previously rasterized at different spatial resolutions. As a reference we use LUC maps, although ground points could also be used as reference data for these analyses. Examples of Cross-Tabulation analyses at one and multiple resolutions are presented for four different cases: to validate single LUC maps, to validate the soft maps produced by a model, to validate a simulation exercise and to validate and study land change in a series of LUC maps. In the example exercises, we used CORINE and SIOSE maps from the Asturias Central Area database, as well as maps from the modelling exercises carried out with this database. In the Chapters “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps” and “Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”, we focus on specific analyses that can be carried out on the basis of Cross-Tabulation analyses, such as Land Use Cover Changes (LUCC) Budget or Quantity and Allocation disagreement. These help unleash the full potential of Cross-Tabulation analysis.
The Attractiveness of Fishways and Bypass Facilities
Authors: Peter Armin , Schoelzel Nils , Wilmsmeier Lisa , Albayrak Ismail , Bravo-Córdoba Francisco Javier , García-Vega Ana , Fuentes-Pérez Juan Francisco , Valbuena-Castro Jorge , Carazo-Cea Omar , Escudero-Ortega Carlos , Sanz-Ronda Francisco Javier , Calluaud Damien , Pineau Gérard , David Laurent
Published: July 2022

This chapter deals with the conventional upstream fish passage technologies developed for a safe fish migration at run-of-river hydropower plants (HPPs). It covers the factors influencing successful migration, current status, practices and challenges, novel developments, recommendations and outlook. Main focusses of this chapter are on the attractiveness of fishways and bypass facilities based on FIThydro study results. Although upstream fish passage technologies are well developed, there are still research gaps on their effectiveness related to their attractiveness and passabilities. FIThydro fills such research gaps by providing tools, methods, devices and best practice examples. This chapter covers the field studies at the case study HPP Guma with pool and weir fishway in Spain and Schiffmühle with vertical-slot and nature-like fishways in Switzerland and a combination of field, laboratory and numerical simulation studies of vertical-slot fishway in France. The results of these three studies contribute to better fishway design for a range of fish species and hydraulic conditions.
Fremdplatzierte Kinder und Jugendliche in luxemburgischen Institutionen: Befinden und Erleben von Betroffenen
Authors: Clees Lisa , Steffgen Georges
Published: July 2022

Die Unterbringung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Institutionen stellt für die Betroffenen eine Herausforderung dar. Die häufig vorbelasteten junge Menschen verlassen ein vertrautes, familiäres jedoch nur bedingt funktionales Umfeld und stehen jetzt den Anforderungen einer Institution gegenüber. Der vorliegende Beitrag wird sich insbesondere mit den Voraussetzungen für eine gelingende psychische Entwicklung bei Fremdplatzierung auseinandersetzen. Vertiefend wird dabei auf die Vor- und Nachteile der Heimunterbringung eingegangen. In einer hierzu durchgeführten qualitativen Studie wurden retrospektiv die Belastung und das Befinden von 30 Jugendlichen erfragt, die während ihrer Kindheit oder Jugend in luxemburgischen Institutionen untergebracht wurden. Ziel ist es hierbei, die Faktoren zu generieren, die von den Jugendlichen während ihres Aufenthaltes in einer Institution als entwicklungsförderlich bzw. als belastend und entwicklungserschwerend erlebt wurden. Erste vorläufige Befunde werden hier vorgestellt.
Controlled Drugs, Use, Abuse and Youth: A Meaningful, Yet Evolving Relationship
Authors: Origer Alain
Published: July 2022

Psychoactive substances take a functional role in the management of emotional and social life of humankind. However, the bond between mind-altering substances and their users or potential users is of changing nature, since the diversity and the accessibility of these substances, as well as the perception of expected benefits and related risks are constantly evolving. Science and technology have contributed to develop new or more potent drugs. The legal status of drugs has become blurrier with the emergence of new synthetic psychoactive substances, highly accessible and most attractive, especially to younger users. New information and communication technologies have changed the way information is spreading among us as well as the means and channels to procure various controlled and non-controlled substances. The increasing popularity and varieties of hemp and psychoactive cannabis products, their developing medicinal use and their potential impact on the perception and acceptance of cannabis are equally at stake when it comes to understand changing patterns in cannabis use for instance. More opportunities stand for more choices to make, especially by young people. Knowing that regular drug use bear highest risks, notably in terms of cognitive and psychosocial developments in children and adolescents, it is sound to question its impact on public health and challenges in terms of prevention, demand and harm reduction. This paper reflects the attempt to describe and to analyse evolutions in drug supply, drug demand and drug use as well as other behaviors with addictive potential in youngsters over the last two decades in Luxembourg and to address national specificities, trends and challenges in terms of response and to place the national situation in a wider international context.
The Evolving Landscape of Sports Betting: A Risk for Young People?
Authors: Brevers Damien , Vögele Claus , Billieux Joël
Published: July 2022

Watching sport and attending a sport event are generally considered popular, enjoyable, and valorized activities in our society. The last few years have seen a development in digital technologies (i.e. smartphones, tablets, computers), which now offers the possibility to gamble on almost every sport events, at every moment, e.g. before or during a game in play. Moreover, the level of exposure to sports betting advertisements is unprecedented. Promoted by this around-the-clock availability and ubiquity of cues, sports betting and gambling is becoming increasingly popular, in particular in adolescents and young adults, with a growing concern that this population could develop unprecedent levels of gambling-related problems. Our objective here is to elaborate on how the increased popularity of sports betting is currently reframing the way sport is experienced by young fans and student-athletes. After describing current levels of sports betting involvement and related problems among young people, we will review the available evidence documenting the growing normalization and popularity of gambling in sports and its impact on cognitive and affective processes in children and adolescents, including young athletes. The last section focuses on regulation strategies addressing current concerns on the consequences of sports betting in children and adolescents.
Cybermobbing und die gesundheitlichen Folgen für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Steffgen Georges , Böhmer Matthias
Published: July 2022

Das Nutzen von modernen Kommunikationstechnologien weist für Kinder und Jugendliche durch das dabei auftretende Online- bzw. Cybermobbing potenzielle Gesundheitsgefahren und -risiken auf. In diesem Beitrag werden, aufbauend auf einer Begriffsklärung von Cybermobbing und unter Berücksichtigung der relevanten Prävalenzraten, die potenziellen gesundheitlichen Folgen analysiert und diskutiert. Hierzu wird vorab traditionelles Mobbing von Cybermobbing abgegrenzt sowie eine Phänomenologie des Cybermobbings vorgestellt, zu dem sowohl das „Happy Slapping“ als auch das „Cyber-Grooming“ gehört. Neben Angaben zur Prävalenz insbesondere in Luxemburg werden die wesentlichen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Cybermobbing herausgearbeitet. Abschließend werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Prävention des individuell schädigenden Einflusses von Cybermobbing aufgezeigt.
Die Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Offenen Jugendarbeit – aus der Sicht der Träger der Luxemburger Jugendstrukturen
Authors: Kremer Caroll , Mailliet Jérôme , Grün Simone
Published: July 2022

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Offenen Jugendarbeit in Luxemburg. Er beschreibt die Zielsetzungen und Strategien aus der Sicht der Träger der Luxemburger Jugendstrukturen sowie die verschiedenen Aktivitäten und Programme. Ausgehend von den Handlungskonzepten der Jugendhäuser skizziert der Beitrag gesundheitsbezogene Probleme und Sorgen junger Menschen und diskutiert abschließend Herausforderungen und Perspektiven im Hinblick auf die Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Offenen Jugendarbeit.
Trauererleben, Trauerbewältigung und die professionelle Unterstützung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Chomé Jeanne , Hentges Martine , Hück Andreas , Nicolas Solveig , Paulsen Gudrun , Grün Henri
Published: July 2022

Erfahrungen von Verlust (z. B. Tod einer nahestehenden Person, Verlust von wichtigen Bindungen, unheilbare Krankheit) sind allgemein menschliche, meist schmerzhafte Erfahrungen. Trauer ist ein Prozess, der als grundsätzlich gesunder Bewältigungsmechanismus solcher Verlusterfahrungen zu verstehen ist und der die verschiedenen Ebenen des Menschseins (körperlich, emotional, kognitiv und sozial) betreffen kann. Obwohl Trauer ein normaler Bewältigungsmechanismus ist, können gewisse Fälle eine längere und spezialisierte Betreuung brauchen, weil es zu Komplikationen kommt (Stichwort: traumatische oder komplizierte bzw. komplexe Trauer). Dabei weist die Trauer von Kindern und Jugendlichen spezifische Eigenheiten auf, die sie von der Erwachsenentrauer unterscheiden. Der psychologische Beratungsdienst von Omega 90 hat sich seit Jahren auf die Begleitung trauernder Menschen spezialisiert und in diesem Rahmen auch ein spezialisiertes Angebot für trauernde Kinder und Jugendliche entwickelt, das in dieser Form einzigartig nicht nur für Luxemburg ist. Entwicklung und Besonderheiten dieses Angebots und dessen Stellenwert in der Versorgungslandschaft werden vorgestellt, ebenso das Profil der Klienten. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für Bezugspersonen hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit Kinder- und Jugendlichentrauer werden beschrieben, die auf langjähriger Erfahrung basieren.
Gesundheitliche Probleme und Beeinträchtigungen des Wohlbefindens bei Jugendlichen – eine Analyse auf Basis der Arbeitsdokumentation des Service Psy-Jeunes Luxemburg
Authors: Weintzen Christiane , Woll Manuela , Zeyen Malou , Dias Dina
Published: July 2022

Die psychische Gesundheit von jungen Menschen hat in den vergangenen Jahren international und auch in Luxemburg verstärkt an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Politische Programme aber auch die Praxisfelder der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe beschäftigen sich zunehmend mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die therapeutische Arbeit des Psy-Jeunes in Luxemburg. Er beschreibt die Aufgaben und Zielsetzungen der verschiedenen therapeutischen Angebote und erläutert die jeweiligen Methoden. Ausgehend von Fallbeispielen zeigt der Beitrag, mit welchen psychischen Problemen und Belastungen Klientinnen und Klienten konfrontiert sind und wie diese sich vor dem Hintergrund ihrer biografischen Erfahrungen darstellen und bearbeitet werden.
Adolescent Health and Wellbeing in the UK
Authors: Kelly Yvonne
Published: July 2022

Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, physiological and psychological development, with increasing autonomy. In many countries including the UK, these developmental changes are accompanied by various social transitions such as entering the job market, leaving the parental home, and partnership formation. Rates of poor health, illness and mortality are generally low during early- and mid-adolescence. Consequently, from a health perspective this period of the lifecourse is often seen as a golden opportunity for prevention interventions and programmes that support health and wellbeing. This chapter gives an overview of adolescent health and wellbeing in the UK by looking at the major public health challenges for this phase of the lifecourse—mental health, obesity and health behaviours. Secular changes and socioeconomic inequalities are considered, and relevant policy initiatives are summarised.
Mental Health and Well-Being in Adolescence: The Role of Child Attachment and Parental Reflective Functioning
Authors: Decarli Alessandro , Pierrehumbert Blaise , Schulz André , Vögele Claus
Published: July 2022

Adolescence is a sensitive developmental period, with important changes occurring at biological, cognitive, emotional and social levels. As evidenced by several studies, adolescence is also a vulnerable period for the onset of serious mental disorders, which then tend to persist into adulthood. While there is ample evidence concerning risk factors of mental disorders in adolescence, a lot less is known about protective factors: however, one important protective factor to have emerged from recent research concerns attachment security. The aim of the current paper is to explore the effects of attachment on emotion regulation (in terms of physiological reactivity), autonomy and relatedness, and behavioral problems in adolescence, and how attachment is in turn influenced by parental reflective functioning (PRF), parenting behaviors (operationalized in terms of behaviors promoting and undermining autonomy relatedness) and parenting stress (in terms of cortisol reactivity). The findings point to the potential utility of interventions aimed at enhancing attachment security, thus allowing a better psychological adjustment, and at improving PRF, especially in divorced families, given its protective effect on parenting stress and parenting behaviors.
Sharpness of Seeger-Sogge-Stein orders for the weak (1,1) boundedness of Fourier integral operators
Authors: Cardona Duván , Ruzhansky Michael
Published: July 2022

Let X and Y be two smooth manifolds of the same dimension. It was proved by Seeger et al. in (Ann Math 134(2): 231–251, 1991) that the Fourier integral operators with real non-degenerate phase functions in the class $$I^{\mu }_1(X,Y;\Lambda ),$$

I
1
μ

(
X
,
Y
;
Λ
)

,

$$\mu \le -(n-1)/2,$$

μ
≤
-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2
,

are bounded from $$H^1$$

H
1

to $$L^1.$$

L
1

.

The sharpness of the order $$-(n-1)/2,$$

-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2
,

for any elliptic operator was also proved in (Seeger et al. Ann Math 134(2): 231–251, 1991) and extended to other types of canonical relations in (Ruzhansky Hokkaido Math J 28(2): 357–362, 1992). That the operators in the class $$I^{\mu }_1(X,Y;\Lambda ),$$

I
1
μ

(
X
,
Y
;
Λ
)

,

$$\mu \le -(n-1)/2,$$

μ
≤
-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2
,

satisfy the weak (1,1) inequality was proved by Tao (J Aust Math Soc 76(1):1–21, 2004). In this note, we prove that the weak (1,1) inequality for the order $$ -(n-1)/2$$

-
(
n
-
1
)
/
2

is sharp for any elliptic Fourier integral operator, as well as its versions for canonical relations satisfying additional rank conditions.
Stability for Semilinear Parabolic Optimal Control Problems with Respect to Initial Data
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Tröltzsch Fredi
Published: July 2022

A distributed optimal control problem for a semilinear parabolic partial differential equation is investigated. The stability of locally optimal solutions with respect to perturbations of the initial data is studied. Based on different types of sufficient optimality conditions for a local solution of the unperturbed problem, Lipschitz or Hölder stability with respect to perturbations are proved. Moreover, a particular example with semilinear equation, constant initial data, and standard quadratic tracking type objective functional is constructed that has at least two different locally optimal solutions. By the perturbation analysis, the existence of a problem with non-constant initial data is shown that also has at least two different locally optimal solutions.
Sequential Systems of Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with Application to Impulse Control
Authors: Perninge Magnus
Published: July 2022

We consider a system of finite horizon, sequentially interconnected, obliquely reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs) with stochastic Lipschitz coefficients. We show existence of solutions to our system of RBSDEs by applying a Picard iteration approach. Uniqueness then follows by relating the limit to an auxiliary impulse control problem. Moreover, we show that the solution to our system of RBSDEs is connected to weak solutions of a stochastic differential game where one player implements an impulse control while the opponent plays a continuous control that enters the drift term. As all our arguments are probabilistic and hence hold in a non-markovian framework, we are able to consider the setting where the underlying uncertainty in the game stems from an impulsively and continuously controlled path-dependent stochastic differential equation driven by Brownian motion.
Hearing rehabilitation for unilateral deafness using a cochlear implant: the influence of the subjective duration of deafness on speech intelligibility
Authors: Rader Tobias , Waleka Oliver Julian , Strieth Sebastian , Eichhorn Klaus Wolfgang Georg , Bohnert Andrea , Koutsimpelas Dimitrios , Matthias Christoph , Ernst Benjamin Philipp
Published: July 2022

Background

For patients with single sided deafness (SSD) or severe asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASHL), cochlear implantation remains the only solution to restore bilateral hearing capacity. Prognostically, the duration of hearing loss in terms of audiological outcome is not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the influence of subjective deafness duration on postoperative speech perception after cochlear implantation for SSD as well as its impact on quality of life.

Materials and methods

The present study included a total of 36 adults aged 50.2 ± 15.5 years who underwent CI for SSD/ASHL at our clinic between 2010 and 2015. Patients were audiometrically assessed at 3 and 12–36 months postoperatively. Test results were correlated with self-reported duration of deafness. Quality of life was assessed by questionnaire.

Results

Mean duration of deafness was 193.9 ± 185.7 months. The side-separated hearing threshold showed an averaged target range between 30 and 40 dB HL. Freiburg monosyllable test increased from 0% pre-operatively to 20% after 3 months (p = 0.001) and to 50% after 12–36 months (p = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between audiometric outcome and subjective deafness duration at 12–36 months postoperatively (r = − 0.564; p = 0.02) with a cutoff for open-set monosyllable recognition at a duration of deafness of greater than 408 months. Quality of life was significantly improved by CI.

Conclusions

CI implantation in unilaterally deafened patients provides objective and subjective benefits. Duration of deafness is unlikely to be an independent negative predictive factor and thus should not generally be considered as contraindication.