bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre a parábola e o conto: Jesus, um contador de histórias
Authors: Silva Levi Fernandes Leonido da , Rodrigues João Bartolomeu , Morgado Elsa Gabriel
Published: May 2019

Nesta investigação, propomo-nos demonstrar que Jesus foi um verdadeiro contador de histórias. A narrativa lucana conhecida tradicionalmente por parábola do Filho pródigo (Lc 15, 11-32) não é propriamente uma parábola, pois assume os contornos formais de um conto, podendo-se nela encontrar as caraterística centrais do género literário “o conto”. Nela encontramos propriedades configuradoras da sua individualização como género: a conclusão moralizante de uma história fechada, com princípio, meio e fim; a concentração de espaço, tempo e reduzido número de personagens; a curta extensão sintagmática, mas sempre extensa comparada com a das parábolas. Em suma, concluímos que estamos perante um verdadeiro e extraordinário conto. Há, no entanto, outras narrativas evangélicas que pelas suas características se assemelham à do Filho pródigo. Podemos assim identificar a do Administrador infiel (Lc 16, 1-8), a narrativa dos Vinhateiros homicidas (Lc 20, 9, 19), a das Moedas de ouro (Lc 19, 11-27) e respetivos paralelos de Mt (25, 14), que se revestem de característica muito semelhantes às do Filho pródigo, apesar de muito menos desenvolvidas e que, no fundo, as consideramos como sendo embriões de contos.
Um palco de tensões e disputas: tempo presente e lembranças do passado no evangelho de Marcos
Authors: Justi Daniel Brasil , Chevitarese André Leonardo , Faria Lair Amaro dos Santos
Published: May 2019

Temática de reflexões constantes em outros trabalhos e estudos publicados, o tema da memória e suas relações entre passado e presente sempre provoca releituras dos textos antigos em nossas discussões acadêmicas. Analisar o tempo presente de uma comunidade por trás de um documento antigo é, de igual forma, sempre desafiador. No entanto, no texto atual (Evangelho de Marcos), quando analisadas à luz de conceitos heurísticos – como o de memória, por exemplo – há indícios bastante eficazes na proposição de novas percepções acerca da interação constante entre memórias pretéritas e construções de memória no tempo presente (do texto que tem sido analisado). Novos horizontes se abrem no campo de estudos sobre os textos que compõem o Novo Testamento quando se dialoga com a psicologia e com as pesquisas sobre memória. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho aplica o postulado de D. L. Schacter acerca das adaptações que se realizam nas lembranças do passado para que estas atendam às necessidades do presente ao evangelho de Marcos. Conclui-se que o autor do referido evangelho reescreveu as tradições recebidas de forma que elas respondessem a questões que se lhes faziam no presente.
Ensaios do pós-secularismo brasileiro: uma análise da laicidade no Brasil à luz do Direito Constitucional
Authors: Resende Luiza Leão de
Published: May 2019

Resumo da dissertação de mestrado. PPGCR PUC Minas. 2018.
A religião e os Direitos Humanos: Doutrina Social da Igreja e direitos emergentes na visão do Papa Francisco
Authors: Domingos Harethon Silveira
Published: May 2019

Dissertação de Mestrado de: DOMINGOS, Harethon Silveira. A Religião e os Direitos Humanos: Doutrina Social da Igreja e direitos emergentes na visão do Papa Francisco. 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG.
Regulierung von Arzneimitteln für neuartige Therapien durch den Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss
Authors: Hecken Josef
Published: May 2019

Mit den ATMPs bricht eine neue Ära in der Behandlung von Krankheiten an, die gleichzeitig mit extrem hohen Kosten für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem verbunden ist. International wird schon länger über alternative Erstattungsmodelle für diese Therapien diskutiert. Mit dem Gesetz für mehr Sicherheit in der Arzneimittelvesorgung sind die Grundlagen gelegt, um dem G-BA die notwendige Regulierung der ATMPs unter den Gesichtspunkten der Patientensicherheit und qualitätsgesicherten Versorgung zu ermöglichen.
Der Strommarkt 2.0 im Lichte des europäischen und deutschen (Wettbewerbs) Rechts
Authors: Heymann Tigran
Published: May 2019

Die Arbeit widmet sich der eingehenden Analyse des sog. Strommarkts „2.0“. Konkret untersucht der Autor, ob die gemeinsame Vermarktung von konventionell erzeugtem Strom und von (gefördertem) regenerativ erzeugtem Strom auf dem deutsch-österreichischen Erstabsatzmarkt mit geltendem Recht (Wettbewerbs-)Recht im Einklang steht. Dafür erfolgt im ersten Schritt eine ausführliche und kritische Darstellung der wettbewerblichen Gegebenheiten, bestehender Strukturdefizite sowie der relevanten Märkte im Erzeugungsbereich. Sodann werden die normativen Grundlagen der wettbewerbsrechtlichen Beurteilung der Marktstruktur unter ausführlicher Darstellung der einschlägigen Behörden- und Gerichtspraxis systematisch dargestellt. Anschließend wird der Markt anhand der normativen Vorgaben einer eingehenden Analyse unterworfen. Schließlich werden alternative Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für die Vermarktung von Grünstrom und Graustrom gegenüber dem geltenden System aufgezeigt.
Der Begriff und die Rechtsnatur von Geschäfts- und Betriebsgeheimnissen unter Berücksichtigung der Geheimnisschutz-Richtlinie
Authors: Rody Yasamin
Published: May 2019

Trade secret protection requires secrets of a certain quality, and this can easily be lost. Within the EU’s Member States, the protection of business and trade secrets is different. To improve this protection, the EU adopted Directive (EU) 2016/943 on 8th June 2016. Article 2 (1) of the directive contains a legal definition of trade secrets. This puts the definition developed by case law in Germany under scrutiny. Does the German definition also meet European requirements? In order to answer this question, the author examines the characteristics of the concept of secrecy under German law and compares them with those of the directive. Furthermore, the author deals with the legal nature of business and trade secrets. This relates to the still controversial question of whether trade secrets constitute absolute rights according to section 823 (1) of the German Civil Code.
End-less and Self-Referential Desire
Authors: Franks Angela ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: May 2019

Is postlapsarian sexual desire primarily altruistic or disordered? This paper utilizes the resources in the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas and in the contemporary magisterium to argue that recent phenomena such as the #MeToo movement underscore the inherently unstable and aggressive nature of sexual desire when it is uprooted from its natural end (i.e., is end-less). Aquinas highlights three aspects of desire that more sex-positive accounts of sexuality would do well to heed: its natural infinity, its self-referential nature (grounded in amor concupiscentiae), and its power of rationalization. By directing the motor of desire toward its natural ends, virtue—led by reason—can redirect desire away from self and toward the good.
From “You’ve Got Mail” to Email Overload
Authors: Turville Joni ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

Using a postphenomenological approach, this article follows the history of email from its first development by and for the scientific community, through its commercialization, and into its modern-day integration with mobile devices. Five historical variations are identified: emergence, propagation, habituation and commercialization, supersaturation, and evanescence. Finally, I propose a model that describes not only the evolution of email, but potentially other digital communications tools. Studying the history of a technology can provide insight into both its past and contemporary applications, and may prompt more thoughtful use.
Trends in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practices: Results From a College of American Pathologists 2016 Practice Survey
Authors: Mais Daniel D. , Crothers Barbara A. , Davey Diane Davis , Natale Kristen E. , Nayar Ritu , Souers Rhona J. , Blond Barbara J. , Hackman Sarah , Tworek Joseph A.
Published: May 2019

Context.—

The College of American Pathologists periodically surveys laboratories to determine changes in cytopathology practices. We report the results of a 2016 survey concerning thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA).

Objective.—

To provide a cross-sectional survey of thyroid cytology practices in 2016.

Design.—

In 2016, a survey was sent to 2013 laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Education Program (NGC-A) requesting data from 2015–2016 on several topics relating to thyroid FNA.

Results.—

A total of 878 laboratories (43.6% of 2013) replied to the survey. Radiologists performed the most thyroid FNA procedures in most laboratories (70%; 529 of 756), followed by endocrinologists (18.7%; 141 of 756), and most of these were performed under ultrasound guidance (92.1%; 699 of 759). A total of 32.6% of respondents (251 of 769) provided feedback on unsatisfactory rates for nonpathology providers who performed FNA. Intraprocedural adequacy assessment was primarily performed by attending pathologists (77.4%; 490 of 633) or cytotechnologists (28.4%; 180 of 633). Most laboratories used the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (89.8%; 701 of 781) and performed molecular testing based on clinician request (68.1%; 184 of 270) rather than FNA diagnosis. Correlation of thyroid excisions with prior cytology results most often occurred retrospectively (38.4%; 283 of 737) and was used for pathologist interpretive quality assurance purposes.

Conclusions.—

These survey results offer a snapshot of national thyroid FNA cytology practices in 2016 and indicate that standardized cytology terminology is commonly used; pathologists perform most immediate adequacy assessments for thyroid FNA; laboratories use correlation statistics to evaluate pathologists' performance; and molecular tests are increasingly requested for indeterminate interpretations, but reflex molecular testing is rare.
Creación de composiciones audiovisuales para web: el proyecto becicleta.com
Authors: Suñé Barniol Rosa
Published: May 2019

Como cofundadora de bicicleta.studio (1) me encontraba en la fase inicial del proyecto profesional y, al mismo tiempo, tenía que demostrar todo lo que había aprendido como estudiante del grado de Multimedia. Decidí aunar esfuerzos y dedicar el proyecto del TFG a crear una serie de composiciones audiovisuales para promocionar y explicar el método de trabajo del Estudio Online de Diseño y Desarrollo WordPress becicleta.com (2). Estas composiciones están elaboradas con elementos creados exclusivamente en 2D y 3D siguiendo la imagen visual corporativa del estudio: filosofía, colores, tipografías, modo de trabajar, etc.
ИЗВЈЕШТАЈ ЗАЈЕДНИЧКОГ МИНИСТАРСТВА ФИНАНСИЈА ИЗ 1902. ГОДИНЕ О КОЛОНИЗАЦИЈИ У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ
Authors: ЛУЖИЈА СТОЈАНКА
Published: May 2019

Предочени препис и наш превод Извјештаја Заједничког министарства финансија из Беча говори о екстерној и интерној колонизацији у Босни и Херцеговини. Подаци су дати закључно са 1901. годином, а односе се на насељавање странаца, али и расељавање домицилног становништва на пар-целе које су биле у власништву државе. Између осталог, извјештај садржи и информације о ненасељеном, расположивом земљишту за даљњу колонизацију.
Позитивни и негативни елементи евхаристијске еклисиологије Николаја Афанасјева
Authors: Вучковић Горан
Published: May 2019

Евхаристијска еклисиологија Николаја Афанасјева представља један од најзначајнијих теолошких доприноса православној еклисиологији 20. вијека. Упркос томе што су препознати многи позитивни моменти у овом теолошком концепту, и даље постоје сумње као и негативни ставови према евхаристијској еклисиологији, која је постала препознатљива по поистовјећењу Цркве и Евхаристије, тј. поистовјећењем сабрања локалне Цркве са Црквом Божијом. Међутим, сагледавајаћи цјелокупно стваралаштво Николаја Афанасјева, може се закључити да су критике на рачун његове еклисиологије пренаглашене док су позитивни моменти остали у сјенци критике. Највећи, уједно и најприхваћенији ауторитет и критичар евхаристијске еклисиологије је митрополит Јован Зизјулас, који је при томе у свом еклисиолошком концепту дошао до закључака до којих је дошао и Афанасјев. Овај рад представља покушај да се прикажу негативни и позитивни моменти евхаристијске еклисиологије у контексту критике Зизјуласа.
Негативна инклузија – једна стара (теолошка) парадигма и питање „признавања“ другог у међурелигијском дијалогу у Босни и Херцеговини
Authors: Ђого Дарко
Published: May 2019

Међурелигијски дијалог у Босни и Херцеговини до сада се углавном догађао без уношења теолошког садржаја вјерских заједница у његово средиште, као својеврсна међурелигијска реторика. Аутор се у предложеном раду залаже за поновну актуелизацију теолошких тема као кључних за међурелигијски дијалог, нарочито у дијалогу муслимана и хришћана. Полазећи од приговора појединих исламских учењака да су муслимани суштински „неравноправни“ у дијалогу јер је њихово мјесто у свештеној повијести јудаизма и хришћанства – „непризнато“, аутор показује да су и сами муслимани склони да гледају на Јевреје и хришћане кроз призму „негативне инклузије“ – укључивања оног другог у свој поглед на свештену повијест, али са јасним указивањем на „јеретичност“ оног другог. Посебна пажња посвећена је концепту „тахрифа“ – „искварености“ данашњих свештених писама јудаизма и хришћанства, који је повезан са честим навођењем признавања „народа књиге“ у међурелигијској реторици са муслиманске стране.
Strategije finansiranja razvojnih projekata jedinica lokalne samouprave grada Bijeljina
Authors: Gligorić Maja , Mizdraković Vule , Obradović Ana
Published: May 2019

Cilj rada je bio utvrđivanje strukture finansiranjarazvojnih projekata jedinice lokalne samouprave grada Bijeljina.Razvoj jedinice lokalne samouprave sprovodi se uz pomoć planaimplementacije strategija razvoja koje se postavljaju za određenivremenski period. Najznačajniji instrument za finansiranjelokalnog razvoja, implementaciju i upravljanje razvojnimprojektima predstavlja finansijski plan. U okviru njega definišuse, pored budžetskih sredstava i drugi oblici izvora finansiranja.S obzirom na to da budžetska sredstva često nisu dovoljna zafinansiranje plana strategije razvoja jedinica lokalnesamouprave, neophodno je obezbediti sredstva putemzaduživanja, donacija, fondova, javno – privatnog partnerstva idrugih. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se razvojni projektiu gradu Bijeljina najvećim delom finansiraju iz ostalih izvoru(85%), dok se iz budžeta jedinica lokalne samouprave izdvajasvega 15% za finansiranje planiranih razvojnih projekata.
Human factor in software requirements engineering: Preliminary review of qualitative empirical studies
Authors: Stojanov Zeljko , Zoric Tamara , Hristoski Ilija
Published: May 2019

Software requirements engineering is a field insoftware engineering that highly depends on human factor sinceit includes knowledge and skills from domain of softwareengineering and from the domain of problem where software willbe used, but also from both organizational and social sciencesaspects. Therefore, researching human factor is very importantfor understanding industrial practice and identifyingimprovement directions. Deeper understanding of human factorinfluence on software requirements engineering practice assumesthe use of qualitative research methods. This paper presents apreliminary review of literature that investigates human factor insoftware requirements engineering by using qualitative researchmethods. The presented study contributes to the research field bypresenting a clearly defined process of preliminary literaturereview, and as a pilot study, it will be used for planning detailedand systematic literature review.
Pravni aspekti i ekonomski efekti digitalnog potpisa u E-upravi
Authors: Spalević Žaklina , Vićentijević Kosana , Pelliciari Igor
Published: May 2019

Primena digitalnog potpisa je rezultat, primeneinformaciono komunikacione tehnologije (ICT) u savremenomposlovanju. Široka lepeza informatičkih i finansijskih inovacijaintenzivira konkurenciju, utiče na unapređenje poslovnih procesa uprivrednom okruženju, u poslovanju između privrednih subjekata injima povezanih finansijskih institucija.Predmet istraživanja u radu je analiza karakteristika, faktora razvoja iekonomskih efekata digitalnog potpisa u e-Upravi, sa ciljem daukažemo na moguće ekonomske posledice i neophodnost inoviranja iupotpunjavanja zakonske regulative u ovoj oblasti. U radu smo pošliod hipoteze da je digitalni potpis u e-Upravi, kao vid tržišnogkomuniciranja, neophodan, da pozitivno utiče na brzinu i efikasnostposlovanja i da uspešnost zavisi od efikasne zaštite finansijskeprivatnosti korisnika.
VCF2PopTree: a one-click client-side software to construct population phylogeny from genome-wide SNPs
Authors: Subramanian Sankar , Ramasamy Umayal , Chen David
Published: May 2019

In the past decades a number of software programs have been developed to deduce the phylogenetic relationship between populations. However, these programs are not suited for large-scale whole genome data. Recently, a few standalone or web applications have been developed to handle genome-wide data, but they were either computationally intensive, dependent on third party software or required significant time and resource of a web server. In the post-genomic era, researchers are able to obtain bioinformatically processed high-quality publication-ready whole genome data for many individuals in a population from next generation sequencing companies due to the reduction in the cost of sequencing and analysis. Such genotype data is typically presented in the Variant Call Format (VCF) and there is no simple software available that uses this data to construct the phylogeny of populations in a short time. To address this limitation, we have developed a one-click user-friendly software, VCF2PopTree that uses gnome-wide SNPs to construct and display phylogenetic trees in seconds to minutes. For example, it reads a 1 GB VCF file and draws a tree in less than 5 minutes. VCF2PopTree accepts genotype data from a local machine, constructs a tree using UPGMA and Neighbour-Joining algorithms and displays it on a web-browser. It also produces pairwise-diversity matrix in MEGA and PHYLIP file formats as well as trees in the Newick format which could be directly used by other popular phylogenetic software programs. The software including the source code, a test VCF input file and short documentation are available at: https://github.com/sansubs/vcf2pop.
Identification of potential biomarkers of vaccine inflammation in mice
Authors: McKay Paul F , Cizmeci Deniz , Aldon Yoann , Maertzdorf Jeroen , Weiner January , Kaufmann Stefan HE , Lewis David JM , van den Berg Robert A , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Shattock Robin J
Published: May 2019

Systems vaccinology approaches have been used successfully to define early signatures of the vaccine-induced immune response. However, the possibility that transcriptomics can also identify a correlate or surrogate for vaccine inflammation has not been fully explored. We have compared four licensed vaccines with known safety profiles, as well as three agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with known inflammatory potential, to elucidate the transcriptomic profile of an acceptable response to vaccination versus that of an inflammatory reaction. In mice, we looked at the transcriptomic changes in muscle at the injection site, the lymph node that drained the muscle, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)isolated from the circulating blood from 4 hr after injection and over the next week. A detailed examination and comparative analysis of these transcriptomes revealed a set of novel biomarkers that are reflective of inflammation after vaccination. These biomarkers are readily measurable in the peripheral blood, providing useful surrogates of inflammation, and provide a way to select candidates with acceptable safety profiles.
Homoepitaxial growth by halide vapor phase epitaxy of semi-polar GaN on ammonothermal seeds
Authors: Amilusik M. , Sochacki T. , Fijalkowski M. , Lucznik B. , Iwinska M. , Sidor A. , Teisseyre H. , Domagała J. , Grzegory I. , Bockowski M.
Published: May 2019

During crystallization of GaN in the c-direction by halide vapor phase epitaxy the formation of semi-polar facets as well as growth in semi-polar directions are observed. Crystallization process on these semi-polar facets is described in this paper in detail. Ammonothermal GaN crystals were used as seeds. Morphology, structural quality, growth rate, impurities concentration and free carrier concentration are analyzed and compared to data obtained for crystals grown in the c-direction.
Moderating factors influence the relative age effect in Australian cricket
Authors: Connor Jonathan D. , Renshaw Ian , Doma Kenji
Published: May 2019

Background

The relative age effect is a commonly occurring phenomenon whereby there is a tendency for relatively older players to be over-represented during high level competitions. This effect is often seen to diminish as player’s age, however, there has been far less investigation on other potential moderating factors.

Method

This study investigated the impact of the relative age effect, and potential moderating factors, within the talent selection process of Australian cricket. Relative age distribution of 2,415 male and female junior and senior state level cricket players, who played in the Junior National Championships or State competition (senior level) between 2011 and 2015, were analysed.

Results

Players born in the first quartile of the cricket season were significantly over-represented in both male Under-15, Under-17, Under-19 and female Under-15 and Under-18 levels. However, there was no significant difference at the senior state level for either male or female cricketers. Further investigation of the relative age effect in the junior talent pathway revealed that male all-rounders, batters and pace bowlers, and female all-rounders and batters, born in first quartile were over-represented. Right-handed batters and bowlers were also influenced by the relative age effect at all Junior National levels, while left-handed batters and bowlers were only influenced at the Under-15 and Under-17 levels. These results highlight the impact relative age has on junior cricket talent pathways, including sex, age, handedness and primary skills. Only state level, and left-handedness at the Under-19 level, were unaffected by relative age.

Discussion

The findings of this study highlight the influence of relative age effects for both male and female junior cricket players. Interestingly, there may be an advantage to being left-handed that is more prevalent at the older (male Under-19; female Under-18) age levels.
Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of aging porcine liver
Authors: Chen Jianning , Zou Qin , Lv Daojun , Raza Muhammad Ali , Wang Xue , Chen Yan , Xi Xiaoyu , Li Peilin , Wen Anxiang , Zhu Li , Tang Guoqing , Li Mingzhou , Li Xuewei , Jiang Yanzhi
Published: May 2019

Background

Aging is a major risk factor for the development of many diseases, and the liver, as the most important metabolic organ, is significantly affected by aging. It has been shown that the liver weight tends to increase in rodents and decrease in humans with age. Pigs have a genomic structure, with physiological as well as biochemical features that are similar to those of humans, and have therefore been used as a valuable model for studying human diseases. The molecular mechanisms of the liver aging of large mammals on a comprehensive transcriptional level remain poorly understood. The pig is an ideal model animal to clearly and fully understand the molecular mechanism underlying human liver aging.

Methods

In this study, four healthy female Yana pigs (an indigenous Chinese breed) were investigated: two young sows (180-days-old) and two old sows (8-years-old). High throughput RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA, long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, and circular RNAs during the porcine liver aging process. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to investigate the biological functions of age-related genes.

Results

A number of age-related genes were identified in the porcine liver. GO annotation showed that up-regulated genes were mainly related to immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to metabolism. Moreover, several lncRNAs and their target genes were also found to be differentially expressed during liver aging. In addition, the multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were assessed during liver aging.

Conclusions

Numerous age-related genes were identified and circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks that are active during porcine liver aging were constructed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transcriptional foundations of liver aging and also provide further references that clarify human liver aging at the molecular level.
Association betweeniscR-based phylogeny, serovars and potential virulence markers ofHaemophilus parasuis
Authors: Li Junxing , Xu Lihua , Su Fei , Yu Bin , Yuan Xiufang
Published: May 2019

Haemophilus parasuisis an economically important bacterial pathogen of swine. Extensive genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity amongH. parasuisstrains have been observed, which hinders the deciphering of the population structure and its association with clinical virulence. In this study, two highly divergent clades were defined according to iron–sulphur cluster regulator (iscR)-based phylogeny analysis of 148 isolates. Clear separation of serovars and potential virulence markers (PVMs) were observed between the two clades, which are indicative of independent evolution of the two lineages. Previously suggested virulence factors showed no correlation with clinical virulence, and were probably clade or serovar specific genes emerged during different stage of evolution. PVMs profiles varied widely among isolates in the same serovar. Higher strain diversity in respect of PVMs was found for isolates from multi-strain infected farms than those from single strain infected ones, which indicates that multi-strain infection in one farm may increase the frequency of gene transfer inH. parasuis. Systemic isolates were more frequently found in serovar 13 and serovar 12, while no correlation between clinical virulence andiscR-based phylogeny was observed. It shows thatiscRis a reliable marker for studying population structure ofH. parasuis, while other factors should be included to avoid the interference of gene exchange ofiscRbetween isolates. The two lineages ofH. parasuismay have undergone independent evolution, but show no difference in clinical virulence. Wide distribution of systemic isolates across the entire population poses new challenge for development of vaccine with better cross-protection. Our study provides new information for better deciphering the population structure ofH. parasuis, which helps understanding the extreme diversity within this pathogenic bacterium.
Concepções de desenvolvimento econômico e a compreensão do papel do turismo na redução da pobreza
Authors: Malta Guilherme Augusto Pereira , Braga Solano de Souza , Barbosa Maria Flávia Pires
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo busca evidenciar o contexto que possibilitou a conformação de uma visão que atribui ao turismo a capacidade de reduzir a pobreza, amplamente utilizada pelas principais instituições multilaterais de desenvolvimento (Banco Mundial; OIT; OMT; ONU-PNUD) em âmbito internacional. Para tanto, a pesquisa busca respostas na compreensão de desenvolvimento econômico por meio de duas linhas analíticas principais: a corrente neoliberal e seu contraponto, a corrente “crítica” de desenvolvimento. São utilizados principais traços de ambas as perspectivas, buscou-se discutir a contribuição de cada linha para entender aspectos positivos e negativos da corrente que associa ao turismo a capacidade de combater a pobreza. Paralelamente, foram apresentados, de forma sintética, como cada instituição compreende a pobreza, suas causas e o papel do turismo para contribuir em sua redução. O objetivo consistiu, assim, em conferir conteúdo crítico a temática e suscitar novas discussões em um cenário ainda atual e de grande relevância para o campo epistemológico e empírico do turismo.
Phytochemical Composition, Anti-nutrient Properties and Antioxidant Potentials of Raw Hibiscus sabdariffa Seeds
Authors: Chukwu Charles Nnanna , Ogunka-Nnoka Charity Uchechi , Akaninwor Joyce Oronne
Published: May 2019

Aims: This study was aimed at ascertaining the phytochemical, anti-nutrient and antioxidant potentials of raw seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS).

Place and Duration of Study: Rivers and Anambra states, Nigeria, between January and April, 2017.

Methodology: Dried seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa were gotten from Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau state, Nigeria. They were properly cleaned, sorted and ground into powder for analyses. Phytochemical constituents and anti-nutrients were quantified using a BUCK M910 Gas chromatography equipped with an on-column automatic flame ionization detector (GC-FID) under standard chromatographic conditions. Antioxidant vitamins A, C and E were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods, while in vitro enzymatic antioxidants were determined using standard protocols.

Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the following in their order of abundance: ribalidine>epicatechin>oxalate>catechin>saponin>sapogenin>kaempferol>tannin> lunamarine>rutin>anthocyanin>phytate>spartein. The anti-nutrient levels in the seeds of HS were: alkaloids (47.00 µg/ml; 39.20%), saponins (14.62 µg/ml; 12.19%), oxalates (14.06 µg/ml; 11.72%), tannin (4.79 µg/ml; 3.99%) and phytates (0.55 µg/ml; 0.46%). Antioxidant vitamins detected were vitamin A (2.76 ± 0.26 mg/kg), vitamin C (2.60 ± 0.07 mg/kg) and vitamin E (5.06 ± 0.30 mg/kg). Some in vitro enzymatic antioxidants were Catalase (26.71 ± 3.68 µmol/ml), Peroxidase (13.29 ± 1.72 µmol/ml), Glutathione reductase (24.43 ± 0.78 µmol/ml) and Superoxide Dismutase (0.88 ± 0.05 unit enzyme).

Conclusion: Seeds of HS contain several phytochemicals which exist in great amounts, some of which may act as anti-nutrients that interfere with food absorption. Furthermore, HS seeds possess some antioxidant potentials which can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Disentangling and Quantifying the Functional Determinants of Species Abundance Unevenness in Ecological Communities
Authors: Béguinot Jean
Published: May 2019

Species richness and species abundance unevenness are two major synthetic descriptors of the internal organization within ecological communities. Yet, while the former is a simple concept in essence, the unevenness of species abundance distribution is less so, being partly linked (negatively) to species richness as a general trend while, yet, more or less deviating from this average trend according to idiosyncratic specificities of each community (a bit similar to the size among individuals of a same species, which depend on age but more or less deviates due to inter-individual differences in growth rate which singularizes each individual). I argue that for abundance unevenness it is therefore relevant to consider and quantify separately these two aspects – the overall trend on the one hand and the idiosyncratic deviation from this trend on the other hand. In particular, comparing abundance unevenness levels between communities differing in species richness requires considering separately what has to be directly assigned to the difference in species richness and what can be relevantly attributed to some genuine, idiosyncratic difference in the hierarchical structuring of abundances between the compared communities. The appropriate formalism arising from this approach is detailed for practical implementation, thereby allowing for a deeper understanding of the ins and outs of the functional organization within ecological communities.
Response of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Munch) and Chemical Characteristics of Soil to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Kenyan Lower Midlands Acid Soil
Authors: Kisinyo P. O. , Opala P. A. , Gudu S. O.
Published: May 2019

Soil acidity, low level of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and soil organic matter are major constraints to sorghum production in Kenya. We investigated the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and combined application of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers applied as calcium ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate respectively, on soil pH, available P, total N, organic carbon and sorghum grain yield, on a smallholder farm in Siaya County, Kenya. The experiment was a randomized complete block design consisting of four treatments i.e., FYM applied at 0 and 4 t ha-1 in a factorial arrangement with inorganic fertilizers applied to provide 0 and 26 kg P ha-1 + 75 kg N ha-1, replicated three times. The study was conducted during the long rains of March to June and short rains September to December, 2017. Farmyard manure was applied only during the long rains season of 2017, while P and N fertilizers were applied in both cropping seasons. Soil sampling was done before treatment applications and at harvest time. Soil analysis revealed that the soil was acidic (pH = 4.9) with low available P (5.3 mg kg-1 and N (0.08%) but moderate amounts of C (2.0%) and Ca (3.4 cmol kg-1). The effect of sole application of FYM on soil P, N and grain yield were lower than those of the inorganic fertilizers. Farmyard manure increased soil pH because of its alkalinity (pH = 7.1) while triple superphosphate reduced it due to release of phosphoric acid into the soil. The mean annual (average of two seasons) grain yield increments, above the control with no nutrient inputs, due to 4.0 t FYM, 26 kg P ha-1 + 75 kg N ha-1 and 4.0 FYM + 26 kg P ha-1 + 75 kg N ha-1 were 64, 191 and 259%, respectively. Therefore combined applications of FYM and N and P fertilizers have the potential to increase sorghum grain yield on Kenyan acid soils.
E-Cadherin as a Marker for Nodal Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Butt Saima Akram , Ali Anwar , Avesi Lubna , Khan Shoaib , Mustansir Tazeen , Mirza Talat
Published: May 2019

Aim: Head and neck cancers, all over the world, contribute greatly to the number of deaths, despite the advancements in the therapeutic strategies. It is characterized by locoregional disease with a tendency for metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. The pre-operative detection of lymph node metastasis is critical for the effective treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore the objective of this study was to identify E-cadherin as a marker for prediction of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. 1 Year duration.

Methodology: Cross-sectional analysis of 54 subjects with HNSCC, who underwent neck dissections, was carried out. Expression of E-cadherin was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis and traditional histological parameters, and correlation of E-Cadherin with histologically verified presence of regional metastases was determined. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics and chi-square using Spss v.16.0.

Results: 54 patients included 33 males (61.1%) and 21 females (38.9%) aged from 18 to 73 (mean 44.8±12.7). A statistically significant relationship between the Downregulation of E-cadherin and histologically verified presence of nodal metastasis was established. (p value= 0.01).

Conclusion: This study shows that low E-cadherin expression is useful for predicting lymph node metastases in cases of head and neck carcinoma.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA BANTU STRUKTURAL “的，得，地” PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2017
Authors: Angela Shielyn , Markali Alpin Gadman , Chun – I Kuo
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan, faktor penyebab kesalahan  dan cara pandang mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Petra angkatan 2017 prodi Sastra Tionghoa terhadap cara pengajaran kata bantu struktural de(的), de(得) dan de(地). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan terbanyak yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah kesalahan penggunaan kata bantu struktural de(得) dan de(地). Faktor penyebab mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan adalah: penggunaan kata bantu struktural yang rumit, faktor dalam diri mahasiswa, kurangnya latihan soal dan adanya pengaruh dari bahasa ibu. Selain itu dari hasil penelitian juga dapat diketahui cara pandang mahasiswa terhadap pengajaran kata bantu struktural de(的), de(得) dan de(地) yaitu: cara penjelasan pengajar yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa serta memperbanyak latihan soal dapat membuat mahasiswa tidak mudah melupakan materi yang baru diajarkan. Kesimpulannya adalah penggunaan kata bantu struktural de(得) dan de(地) adalah yang paling sulit, yang membuat mahasiswa banyak melakukan kesalahan dan di antara ketiga kata bantu struktural, kesalahan penambahan dan penghilangan kata bantu stuktural de(的) yang paling banyak dilakukan mahasiswa.
Highly efficient semi‐active oil damper with energy recovery system
Authors: Fukuda Ryusuke , Kurino Haruhiko
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a novel semi‐active oil damper developed to overcome the limitations of existing oil dampers by introducing a unique energy recovery system. The proposed device is equipped with an auxiliary oil tank outside its main cylinder, and solenoid valves control the oil flow between the main cylinder and the tank. Conventional oil dampers convert all the vibration energy to heat. However, the proposed device recovers the vibration energy as the strain energy of oil in the tank and reuses it at an optimum timing to enhance damper stroke. The proposed damper is expressed as a four‐element model consisting of a Maxwell model and a Voigt model in series. First, we describe the basic configuration of the device, and show how the energy recovery system works in accordance with the control algorithm. Second, we show the results of dynamic loading tests conducted on a full‐scale specimen and the results of simulation analyses using the four‐element model. Finally, we demonstrate the results of seismic response analyses using a high‐rise building model, and discuss the control effect in comparison with the results of existing oil dampers.
Contrasting Life History Traits in Monocarpic Versus Polycarpic Plants from a Molecular‐Evolutionary Point of View
Authors: Kiefer Christiane , Bergonzi Sara , Brand Luise , Wötzel Stefan , Koch Marcus A.
Published: May 2019

Seed plants can be broadly divided into two groups according to their life history. Annual plants complete their life cycle including germination, vegetative growth, and finally reproduction within one year. Usually, annual plants flower once in their lifetime and are, therefore, referred to as monocarpic. Perennial plants alternate between vegetative and reproductive phases over several consecutive years and usually have the ability to flower multiple times throughout their lifetime and are, therefore, referred to as polycarpic. Shifts between these two life histories have occurred multiple times independently in higher plants. Each life history comes with its own set of typical morphological characters and differential expression of key genes involved in the regulation of juvenile phase, flowering, branching, or senescence shape molecular pathways into fitting with the respective life history.
Clonal Isolation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on Nanofibrous Substrates Reveals an Advanced Subclone for Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Yu Leqian , Li Junjun , Minami Itsunari , Qu Xiang , Miyagawa Shigeru , Fujimoto Nanae , Hasegawa Kouichi , Chen Yong , Sawa Yoshiki , Kotera Hidetoshi , Liu Li
Published: May 2019

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been widely used for various applications including disease modeling and regenerative medicine, among others. Recently, an increasing number of studies has focused on heterogeneity among hPSCs, which could affect cell quality and subsequent applications. In this study, a nanofibrous platform is developed for single human induced pluripotent stem cell isolation and culture. One type of single cell‐derived subclone is established and found to have a distinct morphology compared to other subclones. When used for differentiation toward cardiomyocytes, this type of subclone demonstrates higher differentiation efficiency, increased maturation, and stronger beating compared to those derived from the other subclones. The findings provide a convenient method for single‐cell isolation and culture, and demonstrate that variations in differentiation tendencies exist among subclones from the same cell line. This substrate adhesion‐based selection process could be used to obtain cell lines with improved differentiation efficiency toward cardiomyocytes and other cell types, which would be advantageous for studies in various fields.
How the Membranes Fuse: From Spontaneous to Induced
Authors: Lu Teng , Guo Hongxia
Published: May 2019

Membrane fusion not only involves many biologic phenomena such as neurotransmission, exo‐ and endocytosis, fertilization, membrane traffic, and viral infection, but also is relevant for many technological applications, that is, drug delivery. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanism of these important processes are both helpful to deepen the understanding of vital phenomena and instructive for the development of medical technology, for example, gene therapy. With the advances in computation power and algorithms, molecular simulation has become an invaluable tool to systematically investigate the entire membrane fusion process at the molecular level, in which not only the conformations and motions of lipid molecule but also the protein/DNA intermediates can easily be monitored. Nowadays, by these powerful methods, both the different pathways and the intermediate structures are discriminated, and the precise mechanisms and possible factors are explored. The present progress report reviews recent studies based on computational approaches with an aim to clarify the membrane fusion dynamics at a molecular level, which not only provides a useful starting point for a more thorough understanding about the membrane fusion process but also inspires developing promising applications such as drug or imaging‐agent delivery and gene therapy.
Achieving Long‐Term Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Stabilized Efficiency Exceeding 20% after 1000 h
Authors: Yang Tae‐Youl , Jeon Nam Joong , Shin Hee‐Won , Shin Seong Sik , Kim Young Yun , Seo Jangwon
Published: May 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with mesoporous TiO2 (mp‐TiO2) as the electron transport material attain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 22%; however, their poor long‐term stability is a critical issue that must be resolved for commercialization. Herein, it is demonstrated that the long‐term operational stability of mp‐TiO2 based PSCs with PCE over 20% is achieved by isolating devices from oxygen and humidity. This achievement attributes to systematic understanding of the critical role of oxygen in the degradation of PSCs. PSCs exhibit fast degradation under controlled oxygen atmosphere and illumination, which is accompanied by iodine migration into the hole transport material (HTM). A diffusion barrier at the HTM/perovskite interface or encapsulation on top of the devices improves the stability against oxygen under light soaking. Notably, a mp‐TiO2 based PSC with a solid encapsulation retains 20% efficiency after 1000 h of 1 sun (AM1.5G including UV) illumination in ambient air.
Cyclic Alkyne Approach to Heteroatom‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Scaffolds
Authors: Darzi Evan R. , Barber Joyann S. , Garg Neil K.
Published: May 2019

We report a modular synthetic strategy for accessing heteroatom‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our approach relies on the controlled generation of transient heterocyclic alkynes and arynes. The strained intermediates undergo in situ trapping with readily accessible oxadiazinones. Four sequential pericyclic reactions occur, namely two Diels–Alder/retro‐Diels–Alder sequences, which can be performed in a stepwise or one‐pot fashion to assemble four new carbon–carbon (C−C) bonds. These studies underscore how the use of heterocyclic strained intermediates can be harnessed for the preparation of new organic materials.
Regioselective Functionalization of Stable BN‐Modified Luminescent Tetraphenes for High‐Resolution Fingerprint Imaging
Authors: Huang Huanan , Zhou Ying , Wang Meng , Zhang Jianying , Cao Xiaohua , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng , Cui Chunming
Published: May 2019

A series of novel BN tetraphene derivatives have been prepared successfully for the first time via a post‐functionalization strategy. The optical and electronic properties of these derivatives could be tuned systematically by the incorporation of different substituents on the main skeleton. The functionalized BN‐containing luminogens have been explored for the detection of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on different substrates, including glass, aluminum foil, plastic, and ironware. This strategy provides great versatility in LFP imaging and good potential in elucidating the chemical information within LFPs, making the strategy valuable in forensic investigations.
A Selection Rule for Hydrofluoroether Electrolyte Cosolvent: Establishing a Linear Free‐Energy Relationship in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Su Chi‐Cheung , He Meinan , Amine Rachid , Amine Khalil
Published: May 2019

Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) have been adopted widely as electrolyte cosolvents for battery systems because of their unique low solvating behavior. The electrolyte is currently utilized in lithium‐ion, lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, and sodium‐ion batteries. By evaluating the relative solvating power of different HFEs with distinct structural features, and considering the shuttle factor displayed by electrolytes that employ HFE cosolvents, we have established the quantitative structure–activity relationship between the organic structure and the electrochemical performance of the HFEs. Moreover, we have established the linear free‐energy relationship between the structural properties of the electrolyte cosolvents and the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries. These findings provide valuable mechanistic insight into the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries, and are instructive when it comes to selecting the most suitable HFE electrolyte cosolvent for different battery systems.
Expanding the Variety of Zirconium‐based Inorganic Building Units for Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Leubner Sebastian , Zhao Haishuang , Van Velthoven Niels , Henrion Mickaël , Reinsch Helge , De Vos Dirk E. , Kolb Ute , Stock Norbert
Published: May 2019

Two new zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks with the composition [Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)6(BDC)3] (CAU‐26) and [Zr5O4(OH)4(OAc)4(BDC)2] (CAU‐27) are reported, which were synthesized from acetic acid, a rarely utilized but green and sustainable solvent (BDC2−: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate). Structure determination aided by automated electron diffraction tomography revealed that CAU‐26 is composed of layers of well‐known {Zr6O8} clusters interconnected by terephthalate ions. In contrast CAU‐27 exhibits a three‐dimensional structure with a so far unknown type of one‐dimensional inorganic building unit (IBU), which can be rationalized as condensed polyhedron‐sharing chains of {Zr6O8} clusters. CAU‐26 occurs as an intermediate of the CAU‐27 synthesis and can be isolated easily, when reaction temperature and time are decreased. We were also able to synthesize two isoreticular derivatives of CAU‐27 with extended linker molecules by implementing 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) and 5,5′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine (H2BIPY). All materials show high thermal and chemical stability as well as permanent microporosity. The excellent stability of CAU‐27‐BIPY was exploited to synthesize a performant iridium‐supported heterogeneous MOF‐based catalyst for the direct C−H borylation of arenes.