bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Analysis of Non-profit Clinical Trials: Three Years of Activity at the Clinical Trials Office
Authors: Dri Diego Alejandro , De Cata Marta , Carafa Maria , De Paola Eleonora , Maione Raffaella , Aita Paola , Gramaglia Donatella
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Non-profit clinical trials submitted for authorization over three years to
the Clinical Trials Office of the Italian Medicines Agency were reviewed and critically analyzed.

Objective:

The objectives are to highlight potential trends following the full implementation of
Regulation (EU) No. 536/2014 and to reveal the different nuances of non-profit clinical trials,
comparing them with the general profile of all clinical trials.

Methods:

Using a multidisciplinary approach, the research navigates public data, official
documents and data retrieved from the Italian National Observatory on Clinical Trials and from
the European Clinical Trials Information System to reveal shifts in the clinical trials landscape.

Results:

A decrease in non-profit applications submitted in the 2020-2022 timeframe is
emerging, clearly related to the new regulatory complexities and uncertainties in the adoption of
the Clinical Trials Information System platform. Results also show a divergence between nonprofit
and overall clinical trials in terms of authorization outcomes, also including studies with a
COVID-19 indication. Further comparing non-profit studies with the total number of clinical
trials across different characteristics, such as phases, therapeutic areas and study purposes,
increases transparency and availability of insight information.

Conclusion:

Relevant data are provided as a result of the review and analysis of non-profit
clinical trials, highlighting specific features. Overall, this critical analysis provides an overview
of recent trends and, also promotes insights for further consideration by regulators to adequately
support clinical research in a complex and evolving regulatory environment.
Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stents for the Treatment of Leak after Oncologic Gastroesophageal Surgery: A Cohort Study
Authors: Luigiano Carmelo , Di Leo Milena , Magistroni Marco , Iabichino Giuseppe , Arena Monica , Consolo Pierluigi , Palamara Maria Angela , Abenavoli Ludovico , De Luca Luca
Published: February 2025

Background:

Anastomotic leakages are one of the most frequent complications of gastroesophageal
surgery with a high mortality.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic therapy using fully
covered self-expanding metal stents (FC-SEMS) for the management of anastomotic leaks.

Methods:

In this cohort study, all patients with leak after oncological gastroesophageal surgery
treated with FC-SEMS were included. Procedures were performed by one expert endoscopist in
three Italian endoscopic units. The primary outcome was clinical success defined as complete resolution
of clinical and laboratory manifestations of sepsis with radiological evidence of leak closure.
Secondary outcomes were technical success, stent-related adverse events (AEs), and mortality.

Results:

28 patients (21.4% female, mean age 64.3 years) were included in the study, of whom 17
(60.7%) had undergone total gastrectomy, 9 (32.1%) Ivor-Lewis procedure, and 2 (7.1%) extended
gastrectomy (transhiatal-abdominal approach). The leaks were located in esophagogastric anastomosis
in 5 patients (17.9%), esophagojejunal anastomosis in 19 (67.9%), and esophagus in 4
(14.3%). A total of 34 stents were placed (mean of 1.2 per patient). Technical success of stent
placement was achieved in all cases (100%). Clinical success was observed in 78.6% of patients.
Stent-related early AEs occurred in 9 patients (32.1%, all were migration). Late AEs occurred in
21.4%, which all were treated endoscopically.

Conclusion:

Stenting therapy using FC-SEMS is a safe and effective modality for the management
of anastomotic leaks.
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs): Shaping the Future of Precision Oncology
Authors: Sevilla-Carrillo Irene , García-Tercero Eloína , Alonso-Moreno Carlos , Moya-Lopez Carmen
Published: February 2025

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a groundbreaking advancement in targeted cancer therapy,
combining the precision of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of cytotoxic drugs. This review first outlines
the components of ADCs and their mechanisms of action before providing a comprehensive overview of the
current state of ADC technology. It covers both FDA-approved ADCs and those in various stages of clinical
development, as well as future research directions. The review also explores recent innovations, such as bispecific
antibodies and pro-body-drug conjugates, which offer promising new strategies for improving efficacy and minimizing
off-target effects. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research to optimize ADC design and
develop novel approaches to enhance their therapeutic potential.
In vitro and In vivo Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of Cancer Cells by Ethyl 4-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy] Benzoate Complex
Authors: Auwal Abdul , Al Banna Md. Hasan , Pronoy Tasfik Ul Haque , Hossain M. Matakabbir , Rashel KM , Kabir Syed Rashel , Ansary Md. Rezaul Haque , Islam Farhadul
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cancer chemotherapy is one of the best ways to treat the patients with cancer as they can
remove cancer cells, which can’t be remove by radiation or surgery.

Aims:

Our study is focused on identifying potent chemotherapeutic drugs with minor or no adverse side effects.
Therefore, in this study, we aimed to synthesize ethyl 4-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy] benzoate complex, a macrocyclic
aromatic compound followed by testing its antineoplastic activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) human
breast cancer (MCF7) cells.

Methods:

In vitro and in vivo assays were used for monitoring, cytotoxicity, tumor weight, survival time, tumor
cell growth inhibition, and hematological parameters to investigate the anticancer effectiveness of the tested compound.
Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression
of growth and apoptotic related genes. Haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed to examine
the host toxicity in mice.

Results:

The compound exhibited notable anticancer activity against both EAC and MCF7cells. It showed 40.70
and 58.98 % cell growth inhibition at the doses of 0.5 and 1.00 mg/kg, respectively in comparison to that of control
EAC-bearing mice (p < 0.0001). The result is comparable with clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin
(59.2% growth inhibition at the dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight). A four folds reduction of tumor weight (volume)
of treated group at higher dose (1.0 mg/kg/day) was noted in comparison to that of untreated EAC-bearing
mice. Also, the mean survival time of treated mice (1.00 mg/kg) increased by more than 83.07% when compared
to that of control EAC-bearing mice (p<0.001). In addition, EAC-bearing control mice showed drastic deterioration
of RBC, WBC, and % of hemoglobin, however, in the treated mice these parameters were restored towards
normal levels. A dose dependent reduction of growth and proliferation of MCF7 cells was noted in compound
treated cells. Most importantly, apoptosis of MCF7 was induced followed by activation of pro-apoptotic genes
(p53, Bax, Parp, Caspase-3, -8, -9) and inactivation of antiapoptotic, e.g. Bcl2 gene. Toxicological studies reveal
that there were changes in hematological (RBC, WBC, % of Hb) and biochemical (serum glucose, cholesterol,
creatinine, SGOT, SGPT) parameters during the treatment period, however, the parameters returned towards
normal levels after the treatment period, indicating no or minor toxic effect of the compound on the host.

Conclusion:

The compound has promising anticancer activity with no or minimum host toxic effects. Thus, it has
the potential to be formulated as an effective chemo-agent, however, further preclinical and clinical research is
imperative using animal and human models.
Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Behavioral and Structural Impairments
Associated with Brain Ischemia in Rats
Authors: Bakhtiari Mohammad , Emamghoreishi Masoumeh , Ardakani Maryam Khastkhodaei , Namavar Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and physical
and mental disability. Oxidative stress, free radicals, and inflammation play critical roles in ischemic brain damage. Free radical scavengers such as edaravone and dimethyl fumarate (DMF),
known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are considered promising targets for
ischemic stroke treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of these drugs on brain ischemia

Methods:

Forty-nine rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham, edaravone, and DMF
controls, as well as edaravone, DMF 5, 15, and 30 groups. Middle cerebral artery occlusion
(MCAO) was induced in all groups except the sham group. The MCAO groups were administered
with either the vehicle, edaravone (3 mg/kg), or DMF at doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg twice daily
for 14 days. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted throughout the experiment, and anatomical changes in the brain were evaluated using stereological methods.

Results:

Edaravone and three doses of DMF improved neurobehavioral functions. All treated rats
showed a reduction in the ischemic volume and cell loss in the brain regions when compared with
the control animals. MCAO reduced the total number of neurons and just DMF doses had a significant effect on this factor. Interestingly, MCAO increased the number of non-neurons and only the
DMF 30 group significantly decreased this parameter. DMF 30 was more effective in ischemic
stroke.

Conclusions:

Although edaravone improved neurological functions and reduced the size of brain
ischemia and cell loss, DMF, especially at higher doses, exerted a more beneficial effect on these
parameters. Therefore, DMF could be proposed as a reinforcement to currently conventional therapies.
Bioactive Polyphenolic and Terpenoid Compounds from Stem Bark and Flowers of Terminalia brownii
Authors: Ikikii Sebastian M. , Odalo Josiah O. , Ogweno Aloice O. , Heydenreich Matthias
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Terminalia brownii Fresen (Combretaceae) extensively used in Eastern, Southern, and Western Africa herbal remedies in treatment of variety of diseases including liver cirrhosis. Bioassay – guided fractionation was used to isolate the compounds responsible for these actions.

Aim of the Study

The study sought to extract, characterize and determine the antimicrobial activities of the components of the commonly used stem bark and hitherto uninvestigated regeneratable flowers of T.brownii.

Materials and Methods

Column chromatography was used to fractionate and isolate the compounds followed by thin layer chromatography. The isolates were structurally elucidated using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRESI-MS spectral data. The isolated compounds' antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

Results

Bioassay – guided fractionation of methanol and 50% dichloromethane: methanol extracts of Terminalia brownii stem bark and flowers yielded seven known metabolites; termiglaucescin (1), arjunglucoside-I (2), sericoside (3), 23-galloyl arjungenin (4), 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2,3,6-trihydroxy-23-galloylolean-12-dien-28-oate (5), 3,3',4',5-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (9), 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (10) and three new metabolites: 1,4,7-tri-O-galloyl hept-6-deoxyheptose (6), 1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-8,9-dideoxynonose (7), Rhamnetin-3-O-(2,3,6-trigalloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8). Among these molecules, compound (6) was extremely potent toward E. coli (16.5±0.7 mm) while (1) showed substantial inhibitory effects on Candida albicans (16.0±5.7 mm). Compounds 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were extracted and identified for the first time from 50% dichloromethane/methanol flower extract. The extract yielded three novel bioactive compounds (6, 7 and 8) that shown substantial activity on P.aeruginosa, E. coli, C. albicans, S. aureus.

Conclusion

For the first time, the results of this investigation demonstrate that flower extract possess strong antibacterial and antifungal qualities, akin to those of stem bark extract. As a result, more environmentally friendly flower extracts should be considered for treatment of bacterial and fungal infection.
Novel Delivery Approaches and Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol – A Review
Authors: Nooreen Zulfa , Rai Awani Kumar , Wal Pranay , Bhise Manish , Balaji Jadhav , Gasmi Amin
Published: February 2025

Resveratrol (RV) is a well-known polyphenolic compound found in many different
plants, including the fruits of grape, peanut, and berry trees. It is well-known for its links to a number
of health benefits, including those related to glucose metabolism, anti-aging, anti-tumor, antiobesity,
anticancer and neuroprotective effects. Promising therapeutic properties have been reported
in multiple cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. These properties are regulated
by multiple synergistic pathways that govern inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death. RV also
has a potent anti-adipogenic effect by preventing fat accumulation and triggering lipolytic and oxidative
pathways. By preventing platelet aggregation, it demonstrates its cardioprotective properties.
RV also has a potent anti-adipogenic effect by preventing fat accumulation and triggering lipolytic
and oxidative pathways. By preventing platelet aggregation, it demonstrates its cardioprotective
properties.To increase resveratrol's dissolution, stability, oral bioavailability, and regulated evacuation,
nanotechnologies have become widely used.RV's drug-delivery methods linked to bioavailability
have additionally been extensively utilised, and RV nanoparticles and liposomes seem to be
viable platforms for improving their bioavailability. The current review seeks to give an organised
summary of the medicinal advantages and recent discoveries.
Natural Extract-Loaded Herbal Patches: Assessment for Biomedical
Application
Authors: Ansari Shaheen , Pragya  , Srivastava Shikha , Parashar Poonam
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Objective:

Medicinal plants like Moringa and Selaginella have
gained attention for their potential in wound healing including antimicrobial and antioxidant attributes. Extracts from these plants have shown promise in accelerating wound healing processes,
enhancing fibroblast cell proliferation and migration, and providing antioxidant benefits. The objective of this work was to assess the therapeutic potential of extracts loaded patches for biomedical applications.

Methods:

Selaginella bryopteris L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts were prepared using the
cold maceration method. The prepared extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity and antioxidant potential. Additionally, patches were prepared using Polyvinyl Alcohol and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as polymers and evaluated for in vitro release and cell viability and biocompatibility characteristics

Result:

The extract of both plants showed good antioxidant potency against ascorbic acid. Antibacterial activity revealed that Selaginella and Moringa extracts and patches consistently outperformed P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus at varying concentrations. Physiochemical evaluation of patches indicated good weight uniformity, thickness, and folding endurance, with slight
moisture uptake. Drug release profiles showed significant results for all formulations. The results
of cell viability for patches showed an increased cell proliferation and were nontoxic.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that both extract and patch show excellent antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus. The characterization results showed that the patches were uniform
in their drug content, weight, and thickness, and they also indicated the reproducibility of the
method used. In the in vitro release study of Selaginella bryopteris L. and Moringa oleifera Lam.
patches were fitted to the Higuchi model and also patches were found harmless for the cells as
well as increased proliferation of cells.
The Gut Connection: A Narrative Review on the In-depth Analysis of Gut
Microbiota and Metabolites in Depression
Authors: Sultana Ayesha , Hussain Md Sadique , Maqbool Mudasir , Agrawal Mohit , Bisht Ajay Singh , Khurrana Navneet , Singh Gurvinder , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2025

Depression is a prevalent mood disorder with significant public health implications.
Despite extensive research, its precise causes remain inadequately understood. Recently, interest
has surged in the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the pathophysiology of
depression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between gut
microbiota, its metabolites, and depression while exploring potential mechanisms influencing the
efficacy of antidepressant medications. A narrative review methodology was employed,
synthesizing recent studies utilizing a multi-omics approach. We examined alterations in gut
microbiome composition and metabolite production in individuals diagnosed with depression,
discussing the technical tools and methods commonly applied in this research area. The findings
indicate that individuals with depression show significant alterations in gut microbiome
composition, notably an imbalance in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Changes in
metabolite production, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acids, were also
observed. Moreover, the review highlights that antidepressant medications may exert their
therapeutic effects by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. This review emphasizes the
intricate interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and depression, revealing critical
insights into the mechanisms underlying antidepressant efficacy. We recommend that future
research focus on elucidating these interactions to develop innovative therapeutic strategies,
potentially transforming the management of depression through microbiota-targeted approaches.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches Emerging in the Field of Onychomycosis
Authors: Garg Gurisha , kamal Raj , Garg Sonakshi , Patel Preeti , Kurmi Balak Das
Published: February 2025

Onychomycosis is regarded as one of the most common and least concerned
fungal problems. Although various treatment approaches have been well-established, still
treatment strategies suffer from certain drawbacks, so there is a need to discuss novel therapies
that could ultimately eliminate all the conventional barriers. It is a nail infection that
begins in the toenail and spreads, causing significant negative impacts on patients' quality
of life. The purpose of this work was to highlight the limitations of conventional treatments
and shed light on novel therapies for managing onychomycosis. A comprehensive review
on existing topical and systemic therapies was conducted, with a focus on their drawbacks,
such as recurrence and lower efficacy. This review aimed to explore the increasing prevalence
of onychomycosis, which poses a serious health issue; however, the advent of nanobased
drug delivery systems offers hope for more effective management of this prevalent
disease. These systems could potentially overcome the limitations of conventional treatments,
thereby improving patient outcomes.
Who is The Best Role Model in Politics? Political Ethics in Islamic Perspective
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Adetary Hasibuan Albar , Anas Mohamad ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Hasibuan Lempang ,   UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Rahayu Surih ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rianti Sari Risna ,   UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Politics is an integral part of human life and plays a strategic role in shaping civilization. Currently, the political reality in Indonesia is often considered contrary to the ethics and morals that have long been upheld, as seen in the phenomenon of political dynasties, the spread of post-election hoaxes, and the high incidence of corruption. This research aims to explore political ethics from the Islamic perspective exemplified by Prophet Muhammad SAW through a literature study method. This method is used to delve into and understand the fundamental principles of Islamic political ethics, such as justice, honesty, social responsibility, and community welfare, which are deemed relevant as guidelines for the current political dynamics in Indonesia. This research is expected to contribute as a reference in the application of Islamic political ethics that can be adapted to the modern political context of Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of integrity, accountability, and public transparency as the foundation for creating morally and ethically grounded leadership. Thus, this research offers ethical solutions to improve the quality of leadership and political practices in Indonesia.
Jakość życia pacjentów z przewlekłym zapaleniem zatok przynosowych przed i po funkcjonalnej endoskopowej operacji zatok oraz korekcji przegrody
Authors: Kamiński Dawid , Stolcman Cezary , Skowrońska Oliwia
Published: February 2025

Wstęp. Przewlekłe zapalenie zatok przynosowych to proces zapalny błony śluzowej jam nosa i zatok przynosowych, który rozwija się w wyniku zaburzeń ich drenażu i wentylacji, spowodowany różnymi czynnikami. To schorzenie uznaje się za jedno z najczęstszych powodów wizyt u lekarzy laryngologów. Zaburzenie wentylacji powoduje duży dyskomfort i pogorszenie jakości życia. Podstawową metodą leczenia przewlekłego zapalenia zatok przynosowych jest funkcjonalna endoskopowa operacja zatok i septoplastyka.
Cel. Ocena jakości życia pacjentów z przewlekłym zapaleniem zatok przynosowych przed i po funkcjonalnej endoskopowej operacji zatok praz korekcji przegrody.
Materiał i metody. W poniższej pracy wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Użyto autorskiego kwestionariusza oraz ankiety SF-36 do oceny jakości życia. Każdy uczestnik badania został poinformowany o anonimowości i celu przeprowadzonych badań oraz sposobie wypełnienia ankiet. Badana grupa obejmowała 100 osób, zarówno kobiety i jak mężczyzn w wieku od 18 roku życia przebywających na Oddziale Otolaryngologii, Chirurgii Głowy i Szyi oraz poradni otolaryngologicznej we Włocławku.
Wyniki. Analiza wyników badań wykazała, że najczęstszymi dolegliwościami związanymi z przewlekłym zapaleniem zatok przynosowych było uczucie zatkanego nosa, trudności w oddychaniu oraz bóle głowy. Wszystkie te dolegliwości istotnie wpłynęły na jakość życia pacjentów. Zdecydowana większość respondentów przyznało, że przed przeprowadzeniem zabiegu była leczona farmakologicznie. Zdecydowana większość badanych odczuwała satysfakcję z wykonanego zabiegu. Wykonanie zabiegu FESS i septoplastyki w dużym stopniu wpłynęło na poprawę jakości życia pacjentów i wykonywanie czynności dnia codziennego.
Wnioski. Pod względem socjodemograficznym w większości aspektów zdrowia i jakości życia nie ma istotnych różnic. Istnieją jednak różnice w zdrowiu psychicznym. Można zauważyć także lepsze funkcjonowanie fizyczne i społeczne u osób z wyższym wykształceniem. Pod względem wieku również nie zauważono różnic w jakości życia po zabiegu. Wykonanie operacji endoskopowej zatok FESS przynosi wysokie wyniki w poprawie jakości życia pacjentów.
Investigating factors influencing CO2 emissions in selected G20 countries
Authors:   College of Business, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Hakami Mohammed , Shaheen Rozina ,   College of Business, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2025

This study aims at identifying the factors that influence CO2 emissions in some G20 countries. It examines various possibilities such as electricity consumption, foreign investments, fuel and metal exports, economic growth, population growth, renewable energy consumption, trade, urbanization, and even the effects of the global economic crisis of 2008. The results show that increased electricity consumption, economic growth, and population increase result in higher levels of CO2 emissions which demonstrates the environmental impact of industrialization and urbanization. Conversely, the use of renewable energy and foreign investment are correlated with lower emissions which proves that a shift towards cleaner energy and sustainable investments can be effective. The findings of the study also point towards the fact that the G20 countries need to shift towards the use of renewable energy, enhance energy efficiency, and encourage the development of sustainable urban environments. It provides a practical approach for the policymakers to follow for emission reduction along with promoting economic growth in a sustainable manner.
A tanulói autonómiafejlesztés kihívásai a felsőoktatásban. Autonómiafejlesztő tanári kontroll és tanulói önellenőrzés
Authors: Huszthy Viola
Published: February 2025

A modern oktatásban fontos kérdéskör a tanulói autonómia fejlesztése, hiszen a gyorsan változó világ új kihívásaira az élethosszig tartó és önálló tanulásra való igény, valamint az ehhez szükséges készségek kialakítása lehet az adekvát válasz. Doktori kutatásomban a tanulói autonómia fejlesztésének lehetőségeit vizsgálom felsőoktatási közegben, nyelvtanárokkal készült interjúk alapján. A szövegek kvalitatív tartalomelemzése során a tanulói autonómia területéről hét fő téma emelkedett ki, ezek az elektronikus tanulási környezet, a kontroll, a célok, az önellenőrzés, a partnerség, a motiváció és a tanári autonómia. Jelen tanulmányban a tanári kontroll és az önellenőrzés témáira fókuszálva a következő kérdésekre igyekszem választ adni: beszélhetünk-e szükséges kontrollról, avagy milyen mértékű kontrolltevékenység célravezető a tanulói autonómiafejlesztés érdekében? Tapasztalható-e a tanári kontroll mérséklődése az interjúalanyok körében, és mit jelent az antikontroll jelenség? Mi az önellenőrzéses feladatok biztosításának alapfeltétele? Hogyan segítik az ilyen feladatok a tanulói felelősségvállalást és tudatosságot?
A gondolkodás fejlesztése a matematikatanításban és a tanárképzésben
Authors: Csapodi Csaba , Vancsó Ödön
Published: February 2025

A magyarországi matematikatanítás komoly hagyományokon alapul: nagy matematikusok tartották fontosnak a tanítás kutatásokkal is megalapozott, megfelelő alapokra helyezését. Közülük most Pólya György és Varga Tamás munkásságát és módszertani alapelveit foglaljuk össze, bemutatva azt, hogy miben érvényesek mindezek a mai napig. Jelen cikk szerzőinek az elmúlt évtizedben alkalmuk nyílt a matematikaoktatás szinte minden területén (kutatás, tanterv, taneszköz, mérések, tanárképzés) átfogó és komplex átalakítást, fejlesztést elvégezni, ezeket a munkálatokat irányítani, vezetni. Ezek a folyamatok sok szempontból összekapcsolódtak egymással: a kutatások alapján végrehajtott tantervi átalakítás maga után vonta a tankönyvek megújítását és az érettségi követelmények átírását. Szerencsés helyzetet jelentett, hogy mindez időben egybeesett a tanárképzés megújításával is. Az általános áttekintés mellett egy kisebb terület, a statisztika tanításán keresztül részletesen is bemutatjuk a fejlesztéseket.
A diákok mint kis tudósok
Authors: Hasznosi Tamásné , Radnóti Katalin
Published: February 2025

A fizika az egyik legkevésbé népszerű tantárgy a diákok körében, azonban mindegyik természettudományos terület műveléséhez elengedhetetlen. Ezért a fizika oktatása során az egyik fontos célkitűzés a tantárgy megszerettetése, hiszen sok mérnökre, informatikusra, fizikusra van szükség ahhoz, hogy mai technikai alapú világunkat gondtalanul élvezhessük. Írásunkban egy olyan oktatási kísérletről számolunk be, amelynek során több érdekes feladatot, foglalkozástervet fejlesztettünk ki, melyeket ki is próbáltunk kísérleti és kontrollcsoportos vizsgálatunkban, a fizika egy adott témaköre, konkrétan a hőtan tanításához kapcsolódóan. A munka során a fizika tanulásának/oktatásának szemléletét úgy kívántuk alakítani, amelyben a diákok kis kutatóknak érezhették magukat, átélve a megismerési folyamat örömeit és nehézségeit. Kutató- és fejlesztő munkánk fő célkitűzései a természettudományos szemlélet érvényesítése, az ismeretszerzés menetének támogatása és a tanulók gondolkodásának fejlesztése volt.
Készíts saját robotot! : Avagy az Otto DIY alkalmazása a közoktatásban a Digitális kultúra tantárgy keretében
Authors: Simon Réka , Szatmári Kálmán Zoltán
Published: February 2025

A cikk nem kutatást és annak eredményét mutatja be, hanem egy olyan gyakorlati tananyagfejlesztési kísérletet, amely alternatívát kíván mutatni a Digitális kultúra tantárgy NAT2020-ban szereplő követelményrendszerének teljesítésre kisebb humanoid robotok oktatási környezetben való alkalmazásával. A szerzők a cikkben arra a lehetőségre mutatnak rá, hogy a Digitális kultúra tantárgyon belül a robotika teljes célrendszere megvalósítható Otto DIY robotok és a BBC Micro:bit alkalmazásával akár már 5. évfolyamon is. Az eszközök beszerezhetők, olcsóbbak, mint sok más megoldás, ezért tanulópárnak, kisebb csoportnak odaadhatók. Ráadásul, mivel sokféle variációra alkalmasak, ezért az algoritmikus gondolkodáson felül a kreativitást, a problémamegoldást és a csoportban való projektmunka során az együttműködést is fejlesztik a munka során. A cikk bemutatja az ötödikesek számára kiválasztott program és robot (Otto’s Farm) variációit, a hozzá kidolgozott tematikát és a tapasztalatokat. Otto DIY robotok nem csupán eszközök a programozás és robotika tanítására, hanem széles körű oktatási élményt is nyújtanak a tanulóknak, amikor kipróbálhatják és bemutathatják a gyakorlatban a projektük megvalósulását.
Higher hospital frailty risk score is predictive of 90-day readmission after minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery: A National Readmission Database analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Hsin-Pao , Chen Chih-I , Song Ling-Chiao , Lin Yu-Chun , Kao Yi-Kai , Chen Pin-Chun , Chen Chia-Hung , Liu Kuang-Wen
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Minimally invasive procedures are common in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgeries, but the impact of frailty on postoperative outcomes is unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess how frailty status affects postoperative outcomes after minimally invasive CRC surgery.

METHODS

This study examined the impact of frailty on postoperative outcomes following minimally invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Using data from the 2016–2020 U.S. National Readmission Database, the study analyzed patients aged ≥60 who underwent minimally invasive surgery for CRC. Patients were categorized into low, intermediate, and high frailty risk groups based on the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS). Outcomes assessed included 90-day readmissions, in-hospital mortality, and complications.

RESULTS

The analysis of 6,417 patients revealed that intermediate frailty was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.01), and high frailty had an even greater risk (OR = 3.83). Frailty also showed a dose-response relationship with complications, with the odds of complications being significantly higher in both intermediate (OR = 4.59) and high frailty groups (OR = 37.12). Only the high frailty group had an elevated risk of 90-day readmission (OR = 1.27). Certain subgroups, such as patients aged <80, without diabetes or chronic kidney disease, with rectal tumors, and those undergoing robotic surgery, were particularly affected by frailty in terms of in-hospital mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

The study highlights that higher frailty, as measured by the HFRS, is a strong predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes and early readmission in older patients undergoing minimally invasive CRC surgery, with especially notable effects in certain subgroups.
Reluctance to use e-health mobile psycho-oncology phone app among patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer: factors influencing refusal and the psycho-emotional functioning of non-users of e-health tools - orginal research (Preprint)
Authors: Pawełczak- Szastok Marta , Syska-Bielak Anna , Krzywon Aleksandra , Jarząb Michał
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

E-health is an increasingly utilized method of healthcare in the field of psycho-oncology. While many reports highlight the positive impact of psychological e-health tools, there are patients who refuse to use them.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal was to expand our knowledge of the motivation and psycho-emotional functioning of patients who consciously refuse to use e-health technology in the form of a mobile psycho-oncology app for their phone as part of a clinical trial. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023 to investigate the reasons why 56 breast cancer patients refused to use the psycho-oncology mobile app offered as part of a clinical trial by the Breast Cancer Unit. The study aimed to analyze their psycho-emotional functioning, including stress levels (measured using the Distress Thermometer), personality traits (measured using the TIPI), coping strategies (measured using the Mini-Cope), and self-efficacy (measured using the GSES) and reasons for refusal to participate in the clinical trial.

RESULTS

The patients experienced a clinically meaningful elevation in stress levels (5 ± 2.1 points) and self-efficacy (32.1 ± 5.1 points). Among five dimensions of personality treats patients scores highest in Agreeableness (6.5 ± 0.8 stens) and Conscientiousness (6.4 ± 0.9) and lowest in Neuroticism (3.4 ± 1.8) (other dimension: Extraversion - 5.8 ± 1.6 and Openness to experiences 4.4 ± 1.5). In terms of coping with stress, patients most frequently used the strategies of Active coping (2.6 ± 0.5 points), Acceptance (2.6 ± 0.6) and Seeking emotional suport (2.6 ± 0.6), and least frequently used the strategies of Psychoactive substance use (0,2 ± 0.6) and Resistant (0,5 ± 0.7).
Patient responses regarding refusal to participate in app testing were divided into four categories: 1) Focus on life outside the disease, 2) Focus on disease and treatment, 3) Denial mechanism, 4) Technical issues. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Focus on life outside the disease group of patients had higher levels of self-efficacy, lower neuroticism and more frequent use of Positive re-evaluation strategy compared to the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our patients' decision not to use the eHealth psycho-oncology app was mainly influenced by characteristics suggesting their better emotional coping with the disease and treatment. These were significantly more influential than other factors studied, particularly those related to technology. In the light of our study, assessing the reason for opting out of e-health and the associated psycho-emotional functioning is crucial for patients' adoption of e-health solutions.
Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography to Optimize the Diagnostic Yield of Invasive Angiography for Low-risk Patients Screened with Artificial Intelligence (CarDIA-AI): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Petch Jeremy , Tabja Bortesi Juan Pablo , Sheth Tej , Natarajan Madhu , Pinilla-Echeverri Natalia , Di Shuang , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Mosleh Karen , Ibrahim Omar , Bainey Kevin R. , Dobranowski Julian , Becerra Maria P. , Sonier Katie , Schwalm Jon-David
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Being invasive, it carries rare but serious risks including myocardial infarction, stroke, major bleeding and death. A large proportion of elective outpatients undergoing ICA have non-obstructive CAD, highlighting suboptimal use of this test. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a non-invasive option that provides similar information with less risk, and is recommended as a first-line test for patients with low-to-intermediate risk of CAD. Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to appropriately direct patients to ICA or CCTA based on predicted probability of disease may improve efficiency and safety of diagnostic pathways.

OBJECTIVE

The CarDIA-AI study aims to evaluate whether AI-based risk assessment for obstructive CAD implemented within a centralized triage process can optimize the use of ICA in outpatients referred for non-urgent ICA.

METHODS

CarDIA-AI is a pragmatic, open-label, superiority randomized controlled trial involving two Canadian cardiac centres. A total of 252 adults referred for elective outpatient ICA will be randomized 1:1 to usual care (directly proceeding to ICA) or to triage using an AI-based CAD screening intervention. Participants in the intervention arm will have their ICA referral forms and medical charts reviewed and select details entered into a decision support tool that uses a LightGBM model to predict the probability of obstructive CAD and recommends CCTA or ICA accordingly. The primary outcome is the proportion of normal or non-obstructive CAD diagnosed via ICA. Secondary outcomes include the number of angiograms avoided and the diagnostic yield of ICA.

RESULTS

Recruitment began on January 9, 2025 and is expected to conclude in mid-2025. We expect to submit the results for publication in early 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

CarDIA-AI will be the first randomized controlled trial employing AI to optimize patient selection for CCTA versus ICA, potentially improving diagnostic efficiency, avoiding unnecessary complications of ICA, and improving healthcare resource utilization.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06648239; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06648239/
COMPREHENSIVE REGULATIONS FOR DRUG AND COSMETICS IN EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: G. RADHIKA , A. SHARVANI , TEJA Y. HEMANTH ESWAR , D. PRASANTHI
Published: February 2025

Pharmaceuticals are regulated for quality, safety, and effectiveness by regulators for marketing approval with regard to good manufacturing practices, formulation, labelling, packaging, documentation and qualified individuals. Cosmetics for oneself or others are growing in popularity. The European Union (EU) Cosmetics Directive No. 1223/2009 enforces guidelines for cosmetic preparations. By considering the long-term risks of nanoparticles if misused by researchers and testers, the risk assessment outlined in Article 16 of the cosmetic code provides a framework for increasing the possibilities for innovation in nano-products. On March 14, 2024, the EU Commission published Regulation (EU) 2024/858, amending Cosmetics Regulation European Commission (EC) No. 1223/2009, which updated Annexes II and III regarding the use of certain nanomaterials in cosmetic products. Substances added in Annex II are prohibited from use, whereas those added in Annex III can be used when prescribed restrictions are met like essential conditions under European regulations for the import and sale of cosmetics. In the EU, the manufacturer is responsible for the safety of its products and must ensure that they undergo an expert scientific safety assessment before they are sold. The European Commission is also advised on issues related to the safety and allergenic properties of cosmetic products and ingredients by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), administered by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE), informed by independent scientific expertise.
La poesía como recurso colectivo frente a la discriminación hacia los mexicoamericanos. Expresiones artísticas de José Olivarez
Authors: Mosqueda Esparza José Alejandro
Published: February 2025

El imperialismo cultural es una condición de opresión que consiste en hacer que las narrativas dominantes de la sociedad invisibilicen la perspectiva particular de los grupos minorizados al tiempo que los estigmatiza a partir de conceptos empobrecidos y degradantes. Como consecuencia, los miembros de los grupos minorizados internalizan la opresión y experimentan crueldad moral. En este artículo argumento que la poesía puede ser un recurso colectivo para contrarrestar tales daños simbólicos. A partir de la propuesta de Sandra Faulkner sobre la investigación poética, utilizo la poesía del poeta mexicoamericano José Olivarez para mostrar cómo la poesía es una herramienta para cuestionar los estereotipos estigmatizados, visibilizar las experiencias subjetivas de los grupos minorizados, contrarrestar la humillación generada por los estigmas, y retomar el protagonismo en los procesos de negociación de identidad del que han sido excluidos los mexicoamericanos a causa del imperialismo cultural.
Presentación dossier sobre cultura y migración
Authors: Lucotti Claudia
Published: February 2025

Cultura y migración son dos términos muy cargados de gran actualidad y relevancia, razón por la cual se pueden abordar desde diversos enfoques, lo cual a su vez puede resultar en que  adquieran connotaciones diferentes. En las siguientes líneas intentaré hacer un breve acercamiento a estos temas desde un enfoque en particular, el de los Estudios Culturales, por considerar que es el que me permite comentar y poner en diálogo de manera iluminadora los cuatro textos que componen este dossier.
Experiencia de capacitación sobre el equipo de protección personal e intubación durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Gutiérrez Laura Silvia , Barona Nuñez Argimira Vianey , Méndez Gutiérrez Eduardo , López León Erick , Daniel Guerrero Alba Brenda , Olvera Cortés Hugo Erick
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Given the fast spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus in Mexico and the presenceof severe cases of COVID-19; two courses were developed, the first, for the placement of personal protective equipment (EPP) and the second, for the intubation technique in the simulation Centre of the Department of Integration of Medical Sciences (DICiM) of the Medical School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Development. The courses were designed and implemented in a hybrid model, the theoretical part was online through Moodle and the participant’s training intubationtechnique was practiced in the simulation Center; both parts were validated by national and international publications; and by specialist physicians. 14, 059 people participated in the courses. Discussion. While implementation of the courses, results were obtained likely as in national and international studies, but as an added valueto the participants, the delivery of a kit of personal protective equipment was done to each one, from a donation of the UNAM-BBVA Foundation, which encouraged them to treat patients with COVID-19 safely. Conclusions. Simulation is an educational strategy that allows to develop skills in a safe way and minimizing the risk of contagion.
Percepción docente de las aulas virtuales y la simulación en las asignaturas de Integración Médica
Authors: Ortiz Sánchez Ana Gabriela , López León Erick , Gutiérrez Barreto Samuel Eloy , Durán Cárdenas Cassandra
Published: February 2025

The Department of Integration of Medical Sciences (DICiM) carries out two active learningeducational strategies: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Simulation-Based Education (EBS), looking for the integration and application of basic and clinical knowledge. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a hybrid model was developed and incorporated the development of Virtual Classrooms (AV) per subject on the Moodle platform, in which the educational resources necessary to achieve the learning objectives and results were housed. Objective: To know the perspective of teachers from the Department of Integration of Medical Sciences on the usefulness of virtual classrooms and simulation learning in the scope of learning outcomes of academic programs. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out; an instrument was applied to assess the usefulness of VA in the performance of competencies. Results: The percentage of teachers who considered that VA favors the fulfillment of the learning results of the integration subjects was 37.5%, considering that they are achieved in a proportion between 76 and 100%. 66.2% of teachers believed that they contribute less than 50% to learning the subjects. Discussion: Incorporating virtual learning strategies to develop competencies represents an essential challenge in medical education since there are different levels of domains that the student must achieve to acquire the competency. Among the methodological limitations in the research development were the sample size and the asymmetric distribution according to the subject taught, and when developing the form, it was not submitted to a validation process. Conclusions: The VA’s facilitated, promoted, and complemented the PBL and EBS strategies, promoting reflection and the development of competencies.
Investigación en Aprendizaje, Conducta y Cognición: Una perspectiva desde la Facultad de Psicología de la UNAM
Authors: Bachá Mendez Gustavo , Luis Rodolfo Luis Rodolfo , Escobar Hernández Rogelio , Roca Cogordan Alicia , Mendez Díaz Judith Marina , Alonso Orozco Adriana Ixel , Tovar y Romo Ángel Eugenio , Florentino Torres Álvaro , Nieto Gutiérrez Javier , Ávila Santibañez Raúl , Ávila Santibañez Raúl , Ortega Morales Brenda Estela , Espinosa Rodríguez Julio , Romero Sánchez Patricia , Maldonado García Mauricio , Santoyo Velasco Carlos
Published: February 2025

El presente libro recoge la vision contemporanea de algunas de las lineas de investigacion del campo de conocimiento de Ciencias Cognitivas y del Comportamiento de la Facultad de Psicologia. El texto tiene como objetivo introducir a los estudiantes de la licenciatura en los temas de investigacion basica, puente y aplicada que se conducen en los diferentes laboratorios de la Facultad. Asf, los capitulos que conforman el manuscrito est.in redactados en un tono divulgativo para favorecer el acercamiento estudiantil a la tradicion experimental de la Psicologia. Ademas de fw1cionar como w1a gufa a los estudiantes de los diferentes procedimientos experimentales, sujetos de estudio y alcances de los temas abordados en la Facultad, cada uno de los presentes capftulos contiene una revision contemporanea de la literatura correspondiente a las siguientes lineas de investigacion: Estimacion temporal, comportamiento social, habilidades numericas, extincion, secuencias de respuestas, autocontrol y modelamiento.
Enhancement of Alkaline Production of Xylanase from Bacillus sp. through a Statistical Approach: Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design
Authors: Choudhary Reeshu , Singh Sarita , Sharma Deepak Chand
Published: February 2025

A dual step statistical approach including Plackett-Burman combined with response surface methodology was used to enhance xylanase production by Bacillus sp. Using the mentioned approach, three fermentation variables (xylan, ammonium sulphate and pH), were showed significant effect on xylanase production out of all the variables studied for fermentation. The enzyme was found to be optimally active at pH 8.5 and 45 °C. A high enzyme titre of 95.46 U/ml was attained at ammonium sulphate concentration of 0.3% and pH (8.5). The enzyme may be used for hydrolysis of xylan and can be used in the bleaching and food processing industry.
Can science comics aid lay audiences' comprehension of forensic science?
Authors: Baxter Isabelle , Ridgway Andy , Doran Heather , Nic Daeid Niamh , Briscoe Rachel , McAlister Joe , Barnard Daniel
Published: February 2025

Forensic science has become a standard feature in criminal investigations and trials. However, it can often be a challenge for experts in courtrooms to communicate scientific evidence clearly to lay audiences through verbal expert witness testimony alone. The Evidence Chamber is an interactive experience engaging public audiences with forensic science through a mock trial. This study explores the effectiveness of using comics to support the understanding of forensic science by non-experts. The results suggest comics were effective at aiding the audiences' comprehension of forensic science evidence and in the future comic-based aids could support juries' comprehension of scientific evidence.