bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speaking success: managerial tone in earnings conference calls and financial performance
Authors: Alta'any Mohammad , Kayed Salah , Meqbel Rasmi , Albitar Khaldoon
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Drawing on signalling and impression management theories, this study aims to examine a bidirectional association between managerial tone in earnings conference calls and financial performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample includes non-financial firms listed in the FTSE 350 index during the period 2010–2015. Managerial tone was measured using positive and negative keywords based on the Loughran-McDonald Sentiment Word Lists, while return on assets was used as a proxy for firms’ financial performance.

Findings

The findings indicate that current financial performance positively affects the managerial tone in earnings conference calls. Likewise, the results also show that there is a positive relationship between managerial tone in earnings conference calls and firms’ future financial performance.

Practical implications

The results have important implications for top management to use more virtual communication media (i.e. earnings conference calls) to continue managing their relationships with financial stakeholders and helping them better understand financial performance, especially in countries where holding such calls is not yet part of firms’ policy.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies that explore the relationship between managerial tone in earnings conference calls and financial performance. Overall, this study contributes to managerial tone literature and holds significant theoretical and practical implications.
Investigation of a novel intensifying-flux hybrid excited permanent magnet machine for electric vehicles
Authors: Lu Ruipan , Liu Zhangqi , Liu Xiping , Sun Baoyu , Liang Jiangwei
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To address the issues of the insufficient output torque associated with the application of intensifying-flux permanent magnet (PM) machines in electric vehicles, this paper aims to propose an intensifying-flux hybrid excitation PM machine. It is possible to adjust the air gap magnetic field by adjusting the field current in the excitation winding, thereby increasing the torque output capability and speed range of the machine.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a novel intensifying-flux hybrid excited permanent magnet synchronous machine (IF-HEPMSM) is proposed on the basis of intensifying-flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (IF-PMSM) and an equivalent magnetic circuit model is established. Second, the tooth width and yoke thickness of the machine stator are optimized to ensure the overload capacity of the machine while effectively improving the wide flux regulation range. Furthermore, the electromagnetic characteristics of the IF-HEPMSM are investigated and compared with the IF-PMSM and conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) by using finite element simulations.

Findings

The id of IF-HEPMSM and IF-PMSM is greater than zero low-speed magnetizing current. And the flux-weakening current of the IF-HEPMSM is 18% and 3% smaller than of the conventional PMSM and IF-PMSM.

Practical implications

Aiming at the problems of IF-PMSM applied to electric vehicles, this paper proposes an IF-HEPMSM. The air gap magnetic field is adjusted by controlling the current of the excitation winding to improve the reliability of the machine. Therefore, the IF-HEPMSM combines the advantages of high-power density and high efficiency of the PMSM and the controllable magnetic field of the electro-excitation machine, which is of great engineering value when applied in the field of electric vehicles.

Originality/value

The proposed IF-HEPMSM offers better flux regulation capability with electromagnetic characteristics analysis and maps of dq-axis current as compared to IF-PMSM and conventional PMSM. Moreover, the improvement of the torque can make up for the shortcomings of the insufficient torque output capability of the IF-PMSM.
Determinants for megaproject knowledge innovation management: a Bayesian network analysis
Authors: Xie Lin-lin , Luo Yifei , Hou Lei , Yu Jianqiang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Megaproject knowledge innovation (MKI) is perceived as a critical strategy for engineering value co-creation and industrial chain upgrading. Ascertaining the impact mechanism of MKI is a crucial initial step towards improving management practices. Within the framework of complex systems in megaprojects, factors exhibit intricate interdependencies. However, the current domain of knowledge has either overlooked or oversimplified this relationship and therefore cannot propose pragmatic and efficacious strategies for enhancing MKI. To close this gap, this study develops a Bayesian network (BN) model aiming to investigate the interdependencies among MKI-related factors and their impact on MKI.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this study implements literature review, expert interview and field investigation to identify the influencing factor nodes for the network model development. Second, a Bayesian network was constructed by integrating the expert knowledge with Dempster-Shafer theory. Next, a MKI measurement model was established using 253 training samples. Finally, the factor significance and optimal MKI improvement strategies are identified from the sensitivity analysis and probabilistic reasoning within the BNs.

Findings

The results indicate that (1) the BN model exhibits significant reliability and holds promotion and application value in formulating MKI management strategies; (2) knowledge sharing, shared vision and leadership are the key influencing factors of MKI; and (3) simultaneously improving institutional pressure, leadership and knowledge sharing is the most optimal strategy to enhance MKI.

Originality/value

This study innovatively introduced the BN method into the domain of MKI management, providing an appropriate approach for modelling complex relationships among factors and investigate nonlinear influences. The developed model raises megaproject stakeholders’ awareness about factors influencing MKI and presents quantified strategies that increase the likelihood of maximising MKI levels. Its ease of generalisability positions it as a promising decision support tool, facilitating the implementation of sustainable MKI practices.
From inclusion to indigenisation: Māori methodologies for diversity scholarship
Authors: Staniland Nimbus Awhina , Ruwhiu Diane , Dell Kiri
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper argues for the inclusion of Indigenous research methodologies in diversity scholarship to (1) adequately account for and value the identity, lived experiences and concerns of Indigenous Peoples and (2) to enrich diversity theorising and scholarship by proposing new ways to think about and conduct research on difference, inclusion and belonging. We further highlight the roles non-Indigenous researchers can play in supporting Indigenous methodologies.

Design/methodology/approach

We introduce EDI readers to Indigenous research methodologies through explicating two Indigenous (Maori) methodologies from Aotearoa New Zealand and demonstrating points of convergence and divergence from existing methodologies evident in diversity scholarship.

Findings

The application of Eurocentric methodologies, including postcolonial approaches, can inaccurately theorise Indigenous experience through a Western lens compounding the ongoing impacts of colonialism. Conversely, drawing primarily from cultural knowledge and traditions, Indigenous methodologies place considerable value on people and place, relationships and relational accountabilities, each underpinned by an explicit intent to produce research with positive transformative potential for participant communities. Using Kaupapa Maori and Mana Wahine research as examples, we highlight how elements of “resistance” aligns with critical theories, but the “difference” inherent in Indigenous methodologies enables a more authentic engagement with people and place that is critical to understanding issues of significance to Indigenous Peoples.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the lack of engagement with Indigenous research methodologies and priorities of Indigenous communities within diversity scholarship. We argue that Indigenous priorities make broader contributions to the diversity agenda by attributing deeper meaning to difference and resistance as enacted through the context specificity of the Indigenous world. We contend Indigenous methodologies illuminate unique perspectives and priorities that can make powerful contributions to broader discussions of equity, inclusion and belonging.
A systematic study of traffic sign recognition and obstacle detection in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Vartak Koli Reshma Dnyandev , Sharma Avinash
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to compare traffic sign (TS) and obstacle detection for autonomous vehicles using different methods. The review will be performed based on the various methods, and the analysis will be done based on the metrics and datasets.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, different papers were analyzed about the issues of obstacle detection (OD) and sign detection. This survey reviewed the information from different journals, along with their advantages and disadvantages and challenges. The review lays the groundwork for future researchers to gain a deeper understanding of autonomous vehicles and is obliged to accurately identify various TS.

Findings

The review of different approaches based on deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML) and other hybrid models that are utilized in the modern era. Datasets in the review are described clearly, and cited references are detailed in the tabulation. For dataset and model analysis, the information search process utilized datasets, performance measures and achievements based on reviewed papers in this survey.

Originality/value

Various techniques, search procedures, used databases and achievement metrics are surveyed and characterized below for traffic signal detection and obstacle avoidance.
TPACK based blended learning model to improve engineering graduate attributes – a case study with Kirkpatrick evaluation
Authors: Kavitha D. , Anitha D.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Engineering graduates are expected to have certain attributes in addition to technical expertise that includes development in personal and interpersonal skills with societal concern. Pedagogical strategies have been continuously evolving to improve the graduate attributes. An efficient framework for blended learning that improves the graduate attributes is the need of the hour now.

Design/methodology/approach

A blended course model based on TPACK is proposed and the same is evaluated with Kirkpatrick evaluation method to assess the attainment of the attributes. A mapping strategy is developed for the relation between course outcomes and graduate attributes. The proposed model is tested with “Microcontroller” course in undergraduate program with students of three consecutive years in three different learning environments: offline, online and blended. The performance of the students in assessments, students’ feedback and their interest towards additional learning, project skills and job recruitment are the different elements taken for analysis.

Findings

The results obtained show that the impact of the proposed blended learning framework in improving the graduate attributes is greater than the offline environments. The analysis is done based on Kirkpatrick evaluation, which demonstrates the improvement in graduate attributes in blended learning by 18% compared to offline mode.

Research limitations/implications

It is seen that blended learning shall be implemented using TPACK model effectively and the proposed model results in improvement of graduate attributes. Though the findings are good enough, the case study is limited to a particular organization and so, the various underlying parameters may vary for different institutions.

Practical implications

The methodology proposed is viable in any institution and may be tested for any program. The effectiveness of the blended learning is known and in this case study, the analysis from the course to the level of program is done.

Social implications

The research work highlights the integration of technology, pedagogy and content knowledge to enhance engineering students' skills. Hence, it explores a new required norms of education, potentially shaping future teaching learning methodologies. By employing the Kirkpatrick evaluation, it offers insights into the model's effectiveness and influences educational practices in the need of the hour.

Originality/value

The proposed method and results signifies an innovative endeavor that combines technological expertise, pedagogical methods and subject matter knowledge to enhance the attributes of engineering graduates. Kirkpatrick evaluation adds a distinct dimension by objectively assessing the model's impact. The results are analyzed from the original data obtained from a particular institution.
Benefit distribution and stability analysis of enterprise digital servitization ecosystems from the perspective of value cocreation
Authors: Chen Lide , Peng Yongtao , Luo Jianqiang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

A digital servitization ecosystem (DSE) is a cooperation model based on the concept of value cocreation. However, capability asymmetry among enterprises can lead to unfair benefit distribution and hinder value cocreation and digital service transformation. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the varying capabilities of enterprises (manufacturers, service providers and digital technology providers) on revenue distribution when these enterprises collaborate on digital servitization transformation. This analysis is performed from an ecosystem perspective to facilitate the stable development of DSEs.

Design/methodology/approach

The rise of DSEs has engendered extensive literature, and the distribution of benefits within DSEs is in dire need of new mechanisms to adapt to the new competitive environment. The importance of investment contribution, digital servitization level, digitalization level, risk-taking ability, digital servitization effort level and brand awareness is determined by combining the expert scoring method and the entropy value method to determine different weights for manufacturers, service providers and digital technology providers. The Shapley value is used to design the benefit distribution mechanism for stable cooperation among DSE enterprises, thus providing a more scientific basis for the development of cooperative relationships.

Findings

Digital servitization is a collaborative process that involves multienterprise activities, and it is significantly affected by digital servitization level and digitalization level. Moreover, constructing the modified Shapley value benefit distribution mechanism according to the relevant capabilities of digital servitization can promote the stable development of DSEs and value cocreation among members.

Originality/value

The main contributions of this study are as follows: First, it summarizes the stability-influencing factors of DSEs on the basis of empirical and literature research on the demand for enterprise digital servitization capabilities and transformation difficulties, delves deeper into the capability composition and cooperative relationship of DSE members and combines the expert scoring method and the entropy value method to determine the weighting to design the benefit distribution mechanism. Second, it reflects system stability and development by studying the revenue distribution of DSE members, thereby expanding the ecosystem construction and business model transformation of digital servitization in the existing research.
Antecedents of tourist citizenship behavior: the role of digital halal literacy and religiosity
Authors: Abror Abror , Patrisia Dina , Engriani Yunita , Hafizh Muhammad Al , Gaffar Vanessa , Qoriah Qoriah , Achmad Nurman , Wusqa Urwatul , Abdullah Muhammad Syukri
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the antecedents of tourist citizenship behavior (TCB). It also investigates the role of digital halal literacy (DHL) and religiosity in enhancing TCB.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative research used survey with questionnaire as the data collection methods. The samples of this study were 400 tourists who visited tourist destinations in five cities/municipals in West Sumatra Indonesia. This research used partial least square structural equation model as the data analysis tools.

Findings

This study found that satisfaction, trust and DHL are significant antecedents of TCB. In addition, satisfaction had a direct impact on TCB and influenced TCB through trust as a mediator. This study also found that religiosity had a direct influence on DHL, satisfaction and trust.

Practical implications

The findings will provide insights to tourist destination managers as well as the government on how to motivate tourists to participate in the development of Halal tourism in Indonesia. The tourists should gain sufficient knowledge or literacy about Halal, and especially in the digital context. Therefore, this will lead to their satisfaction, trust and willingness to participate in tourism development such as providing assistance to other tourists in the destinations.

Originality/value

This research has identified a new variable, DHL, which has not been addressed previously. This research has extended social exchange theory by establishing a relationship between TCB and DHL that has also not been previously explored. In addition, this study has investigated several relationships between DHL, satisfaction, trust and TCB and has shed new insights in the context of Halal tourism. This study has also provided a more comprehensive model of the relationship between DHL, satisfaction, trust and citizenship behavior specifically in Halal tourism research.
Bibliometric analysis of model-based systems engineering in advanced manufacturing
Authors: Lu Jinzhi , Gong Yihui , Wang Guoxin , Yan Yan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is an important approach for the transforming process from “document-centered” to “model centered” systems engineering mode in equipment development, which can effectively shorten the equipment development cycle and improve product design quality. This paper aims to understand if MBSE enables to support manufacturing and equipment development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper opted a bibliometric analysis of MBSE in domain of advanced manufacturing from different perspectives such as publication volume, research team, sources and keyword co-occurrence.

Findings

Firstly, the application of MBSE in advanced manufacturing can be roughly divided into three stages. And MBSE has been widely implemented globally and has gradually formed several noteworthy teams. Secondly, this article has identified some high-quality sources, with a large number of publications and citations, the most influential publications focus on the practice or guidance of digital twins and intelligent manufacturing. Thirdly, research can be divided into six categories, including systems engineering, digitalization, intelligent manufacturing, product design, model and architecture and MBSE applications.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach, the visualized network tends to lose certain information such as a few keywords may be inaccurately categorized.

Practical implications

This paper comprehensively study the research status of MBSE in advanced manufacturing and forecasts future research trends, emphasizing the combination of intelligent manufacturing and digitization.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to understand the current application status and future development trends of MBSE.
How information technology resources enhance absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity: the moderating role of social interaction
Authors: Al-Husseini Sawasn
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Ambidexterity has become essential for organisations to remain competitive. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationships among information technology resources, absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity. Further, this study examines the moderating role of social interaction in the absorptive capacity–individual ambidexterity relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was used in this study through analysis of survey data from 475 employees in the Iraqi telecommunications sector. Structural equation modelling with AMOS was used to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

This study noted a positive relationship among information technology resources, absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity. The results of this study also showed that individuals with a higher degree of social interaction were more likely to strengthen the association between absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity.

Practical implications

The results indicate that managers should pay attention to the important relationship between IT resources, absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity in the Iraqi telecommunications firms. It is also suggested to design strategies to promote social interaction among their employees and facilitate cooperation and information transfer.

Originality/value

This study shows that information technology has influence on absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity and argues the importance of social interaction as a boundary condition on absorptive capacity and individual ambidexterity relationship for telecommunications firms in Iraq a context that neglected in previous studies.
Participative leadership congruence and employee task performance: the intermediate roles of person-unit fit and unit-member exchange
Authors: Chang Yi-Ying , Chiang Feng-Yi , Hu Qilin , Hodgkinson Ian , Hughes Paul , Chang Che-Yuan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Participative leadership's influence on employee task performance has garnered significant attention in a rapidly evolving organizational landscape. This study explores the multilevel dynamics of participative leadership congruence between unit managers and direct supervisors and its effects on employee task performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on two longitudinal studies based on the firms randomly selected from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database, the research observes the mediating role of Person-Unit fit and the moderating influence of Unit-Member Exchange in the participative leadership-performance relationship.

Findings

The findings reveal how participative leadership congruence enhances person-unit fit, which in turn benefits employee task performance. Unit-member exchange plays a critical role in augmenting the participative leadership congruence? Person-unit fit? Employee task performance relationship.

Originality/value

The study extends leadership literature by highlighting the significance of leadership alignment across levels and the interplay between psychological and social factors in improving employee performance.
The impact of air and rail transportation on environmental pollution in Turkey: a Fourier cointegration analysis
Authors: Beşer Nazife Özge , Tütüncü Asiye , Beşer Murat , Magazzino Cosimo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the influence of air and rail transportation on pollution in Turkey from 1970 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

Fourier Autoregressive Distributive Lags (ADL) and Fourier Fractional ADL cointegration tests (Banerjee et al., 2017; Ilkay et al., 2021) are employed to analyze the relationship be-tween the variables. Cointegration tests that take into account soft transitions under structural changes are implemented. Structural change issues are crucial for this topic since the changes in countries’ environmental policies and transportation habits are shaped by the decisions taken in relation to environmental regulations. Finally, for robustness purposes, we tested the estimated equation with a completely different methodology. Thus, a Machine Learning (ML) analysis is conducted, through a Ridge Regression (RR).

Findings

The findings obtained by applying Fourier Autoregressive Distributive Lags (FADL) and Fourier Fractional ADL cointegration tests, which can control for structural changes, reveal the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. In addition, FMOLS estimates emphasize that economic growth and air transport can lead to increased pollution in the long run, while rail transport reduces it. Moreover, the statistically significant trigonometric terms indicate the existence of a smooth structural change among the variables. Robustness checks are performed through a Machine Learning (ML) analysis, which roughly confirms the previous results.

Originality/value

To our knowledge, existing research in Turkey focuses mainly on road transport, while the impact of rail and air transport on pollution has not yet been investigated. As such, this study will be a significant addition to the academic literature.
Coexistence of systemic sclerosis and cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome
Authors: Kuzumi Ai , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Matsuda Kazuki , Nagai Kojiro , Sato Shinichi
Published: June 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) are distinct clinical entities belonging to the autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, respectively. The coexistence of the two entities has rarely been reported and is poorly characterized. Here, we described a case of a 38‐year‐old Japanese woman diagnosed with anti‐centromere antibody‐positive SSc and CAPS carrying the pathogenic mutation in the NLRP3 gene, with a detailed autoantibody profile by a high‐throughput comprehensive protein array covering approximately 90% of the human transcriptome. The clinical manifestations of the patient were typical of both SSc and CAPS. Comprehensive autoantibody profiling identified 65 autoantibodies in the patient's serum and 78 autoantibodies in the serum of her daughter with CAPS, who carried the same NLRP3 mutation as the patient. SSc‐associated autoantibodies (anti‐DBT, anti‐ CENP‐B, and anti‐CENP‐A) and anti‐CD320 antibody were detected at high levels only in the patient's serum, while autoantibodies to the following four proteins were detected in the sera of both the patient and her daughter: TRIM21, LIMS1, CLIP4, and KAT2A. The TRRUST enrichment analysis identified NF‐κB1 and RelA as overlapping key transcription factors that regulate the genes encoding proteins to which autoantibodies were detected in the patient and her daughter, therefore the autoantibody profile of the patient cannot be solely attributed to SSc, but may also be influenced by CAPS. Although autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are considered to be at opposite ends of the immunological spectrum, detailed autoantibody profiling may reveal a unique immunological landscape in an overlapping case of the two entities.
Antecedents of child literacy in Romania
Authors: Petrescu Anca , Iliescu Dragos
Published: June 2024

Background

This paper investigates multiple antecedents of literacy in children, such as demographics, child reading behaviour, parent reading behaviour and family context.

Methods

The study included a Romanian sample of 924 primary schoolers (Grades 1–4) and their parents; children and parents were tested with a standardised measure of literacy, and parents answered a number of self‐report questions about their and their child's literacy‐related behaviours.

Results

Regression analyses and relative predictor weights showed a significant positive association between child literacy and child behaviour (time currently spent by the child reading books), as well as with family context (especially parent literacy), followed by demographics and, to a lesser degree, with parent behaviour.

Conclusions

The findings provide a first solid understanding of the children's literacy phenomenon in the less investigated educational and cultural environment of Romania and encourage further research on this important topic.
Income inequality in Ireland, 1987–2019
Authors: Roantree Barra , Barrett Michelle
Published: June 2024

Ireland has experienced rapid – if volatile – growth over the last three decades. While this performance looks less impressive when considered over a longer horizon and is better seen as belated convergence making up for lost time in the first 50 years of independence, this paper highlights an aspect of the Irish experience that does stand out as quite remarkable: how broad‐based and inclusive growth in household disposable income was. Drawing on over three decades of harmonised household survey data, we first show that income inequality fell substantially over this period, the product of disposable income growth that was stronger at the bottom than the middle or top of the distribution. We then tentatively suggest some important factors that might have contributed towards the patterns of growth experienced – including tax and transfer reforms, a rise in two‐earner couples and a fall in the average size of households – before concluding with some directions for future research.
DNA typing of cyanoacrylate fumed latent fingerprints using GlobalFiler™ and ForenSeq™ Signature Prep kits
Authors: Bodnar Sara R. , Smith Coral , Alsharji Alekhlas A. , Moroose Tina , Venter Casper , Iyengar Arati
Published: June 2024

DNA typing of latent fingerprints is highly desirable to increase chances of individualization. We recovered DNA from Cyanoacrylate (CA) fumed fingerprints and used both GlobalFiler™ and ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kits for DNA typing. For GlobalFiler™, samples were processed using a protocol modified for Low Template (LT)‐DNA samples (half‐volume reactions, 30 cycles) while for ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep, samples were processed using a standard protocol and fluorometer‐based library quantitation. We evaluated genotyping success and quality of profiles in terms of completeness, Peak Height Ratio/Allele Coverage Ratio, presence of PCR artifacts and drop‐in alleles. With GlobalFiler™, average autosomal STR (aSTR) profile completeness was 44.4% with 2–20 pg, 54.3% with 22–60 pg, and 95% with 64–250 pg DNA input. CODIS uploadable profiles were obtained in 2/10, 3/11, and 11/12 samples in these ranges. With ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep, average aSTR profile completeness was 19.7% with 1–20 pg and 45.2% with 22–47 pg but increased to 78.3% with 68–122 pg and 86.7% with 618–1000 pg DNA input. Uploadable profiles were obtained in 0/12, 4/11, 4/7, and 3/3 samples for these ranges. Results show very high sensitivity using both kits. Half‐volume reactions and 30 cycles had minimal negative effect on Globalfiler™ profile quality, providing support for wider use after validation experiments to routinely improve results from LT samples. A standard protocol for the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit was also highly successful with LT DNA obtained from CA‐fumed fingerprints with additional information from isometric STR alleles and other markers.
Modification of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method targeting lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its primary metabolite (OH‐LSD) to include nine LSD analogs
Authors: Patton Amy L. , Karschner Erin L. , Walterscheid Jeffrey P. , Garcia Jason M.
Published: June 2024

A variety of LSD analogs have emerged in recent years with dual purposes of avoiding prosecution from possession while providing new options for those willing to experiment with hallucinogenic drugs. In this study, a previously published automated sample preparation method for LSD and its primary metabolite (OH‐LSD) was utilized to extract LSD, OH‐LSD, and nine LSD analogs from urine. The liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was modified from the previously published LC conditions to utilize a different analytical column and gradient elution program. Mobile phases of 10 mM ammonium formate with 0.1% formic acid in deionized water (mobile phase A) and 0.1% formic acid in methanol (mobile phase B) were employed. The method was validated to ANSI/ASB Standard 036 with a 0.1 ng/mL limit of detection for all analytes and was utilized for the analysis of 325 urine specimens. Although no LSD analogs were observed in the samples analyzed, this validated method was demonstrated to be suitable for the analysis of these compounds in laboratories seeking to expand their testing scope. Automated sample preparation allows for the efficient analysis of these analytically challenging compounds with minimal manual handling. Additionally, there was no increased analytical time burden when the LC column and gradient were modified to target nine additional analytes. Detection may improve as new reference standards are developed to allow laboratories to focus on the metabolic products of these analogs. For now, this validated procedure can assist with the routine analysis and surveillance of these emerging substances.
Utility of FDG PET‐CT in CT Stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer: The New Zealand Te Whatu Ora Northern region experience
Authors: Kelly Richard J , Anderson Graeme D , Joshi Budresh S , Donald Jennifer J
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Our objective was to investigate the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (FDG PET‐CT) in assessing CT Stage 1A non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients under consideration for curative treatment. Performing FDG PET‐CT in these patients may lead to unnecessary delays in treatment if it can be shown to provide no added value.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 735 lesions in 653 patients from the New Zealand Te Whatu Ora Northern region lung cancer database with suspected or pathologically proven Stage 1A NSCLC on CT scan who also underwent FDG PET‐CT imaging. We determined how often FDG PET‐CT findings upstaged patients and then compared to pathological staging where available.

Results

FDG PET‐CT provided an overall upstaging rate of 9.7%. Category‐specific rates were 0% in Tis, 0.9% in T1mi, 7.4% in T1a, 10% in T1b and 12% in T1c groups. The percentage of lesions upstaged on FDG PET‐CT that remained Stage 1A was 100% in T1mi, 100% in T1a, 47.1% in T1b and 40.7% in T1c groups. The P value was statistically significant at 0.004, indicating upstaging beyond Stage 1A was dependent on T category.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that FDG PET‐CT is indicated for T1b and T1c lesions but is of limited utility in Tis, T1mi and T1a lesions. Adopting a more targeted approach and omitting FDG PET‐CT in patients with Tis, T1mi, and T1a lesions may benefit all patients with lung cancer by improving accessibility and treatment timelines.
MRI predictors of infectious etiology in patients with unilateral sacroiliitis
Authors: Kandagaddala Madhavi , Sathyakumar Kirthi , Mathew Ashish Jacob , Regi Soumya Susan , Yadav Bijesh , David Kenny , Danda Debashish
Published: June 2024

Background

Unilateral presentation of sacroiliitis is a diagnostic dilemma, especially between infection and inflammatory sacroiliitis associated with spondyloarthritis, requiring an early and accurate diagnosis.

Objective

To assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating infective versus inflammatory etiology in unilateral sacroiliitis.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of the MRI of 90 patients with unilateral sacroiliitis, having an established final diagnosis. MR images were evaluated for various bone and soft tissue changes using predefined criteria and analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis.

Results

Among the 90 patients, infective etiology was diagnosed in 66 (73.3%) and inflammatory etiology in 24 (26.7%). Large erosions, both iliac and sacral‐sided edema, joint space involvement with effusion or synovitis, soft tissue edema, elevated ESR/CRP, and absence of capsulitis and enthesitis were associated with infection (p < .001). The independently differentiating variables favoring infection on multivariate analysis were—both iliac and sacral‐sided edema (OR 4.79, 95% CI: 0.96–23.81, p = .05), large erosions (OR 17.96, 95% CI: 2.66–121.02, p = .003), and joint space involvement (OR 9.9, 95% CI: 1.36–72.06, p = .02). Exclusive features of infection were osteomyelitis, sequestra, abscesses, sinus tracts, large erosions, and multifocality. All infective cases had soft tissue edema, joint space involvement, elevated ESR, and no capsulitis.

Conclusion

MRI evaluation for the presence and pattern of bone and joint space involvement, soft tissue involvement, and careful attention to certain exclusive features will aid in differentiating infectious sacroiliitis from inflammatory sacroiliitis.
Niche selection in bacterioplankton: A study of taxonomic composition and single‐cell characteristics in an acidic reservoir
Authors: Soria‐Píriz Sara , Corzo Alfonso , Jiménez‐Arias Juan Luís , González Juan M. , Papaspyrou Sokratis
Published: June 2024

Niche selection and microbial dispersal are key factors that shape microbial communities. However, their relative significance varies across different environments and spatiotemporal scales. While most studies focus on the impact of these forces on community composition, few consider other structural levels such as the physiological stage of the microbial community and single‐cell characteristics. To understand the relative influence of microbial dispersal and niche selection on various community structural levels, we concurrently examined the taxonomic composition, abundance and single‐cell characteristics of bacterioplankton in an acidic reservoir (El Sancho, Spain) during stratification and mixing periods. A cluster analysis based on environmental variables identified five niches during stratification and one during mixing. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that communities within each niche differed in both, taxonomic and single‐cell characteristics. The environmental variables that explained the variation in class‐based ordination differed from those explaining the ordination based on single‐cell characteristics. However, a Procrustes analysis indicated a high correlation between the CCA ordinations based on both structural levels, suggesting simultaneous changes in the microbial community at multiple structural levels. Our findings underscore the dominant role of environmental selection in occupying different microbial niches, given that microbial dispersal was not restricted.
Pre‐treatment with Trichoderma viride: Towards a better understanding of its consequences for anaerobic digestion
Authors: Markt Rudolf , Prem Eva Maria , Lackner Nina , Mutschlechner Mira , Illmer Paul , Wagner Andreas Otto
Published: June 2024

Understanding and optimising biological pre‐treatment strategies for enhanced bio‐methane production is a central aspect in second‐generation biofuel research. In this regard, the application of fungi for pre‐treatment seems highly promising; however, understanding the mode of action is crucial. Here, we show how aerobic pre‐treatment of crystalline cellulose with the cellulolytic Trichoderma viride affects substrate degradability during mesophilic, anaerobic digestion. It could be demonstrated that fungal pre‐treatment resulted in a slightly reduced substrate mass. Nevertheless, no significant impact on the overall methane yield was found during batch fermentation. Short chain organic acids accumulation, thus, overall degradation dynamics including methane production kinetics were affected by the pre‐treatment as shown by Gompertz modelling. Finally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing followed by ANCOM‐BC resulted in up to 53 operative taxonomic units including fermentative, syntrophic and methanogenic taxa, whereby their relative abundances were significantly affected by fungal pre‐treatment depending on the duration of the pre‐treatment. The results demonstrated the impact of soft rot fungal pre‐treatment of cellulose on subsequent anaerobic cellulose hydrolysis as well as on methanogenic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the direct causal effects of pre‐treatment with T. viride on basic but crucial anaerobic digestion parameters in a highly standardised approach.
Revealing misattributed parentage through the integration of genetic information into the electronic health record
Authors: Tamir Sivan , Gazit Sivan , Sivan Shiri , Patalon Tal
Published: June 2024

The integration of genetic information (GI) into the electronic health record (EHR) seems inevitable as the mainstreaming of genomics continues. Such newly provided accessibility to GI could be beneficial for improving health care, as well as for supporting clinical decision‐making and health management. Notwithstanding these promising benefits, the automatic integration of GI into the EHR, allowing unrestricted access to one's GI through patient portals, carries various knowledge‐related risks for patients. This article is focused on the potential case of inadvertently revealing misattributed parentage through such practice. The article aims to identify key clinical and ethical implications of such revelation for adult patients. Clinical implications include, for example, altering the physician‐patient interaction and the need to enhance physician's genetic literacy to improve genetic‐information‐specific communication skills. Ethical implications yield arguments supporting disclosure of MP, such as autonomy, individuals' right to know medical information pertaining to them, and the right to know one's genetic origins. Arguments opposing disclosure of MP centre on the right not to know GI and concerns for post‐disclosure family relationships. Following the clinical and ethical analyses of these respective implications, we consider how such integration of GI into the EHR ought to be carried out, ethically. We therefore suggest a solution, featuring an autonomy‐based approach, built around EHR users' right not to know. Our solution of nuanced consent options (including a ‘genetic ignorance option’) is designed to enable patients' informed exposure to GI through the EHR, allowing them some control over their self‐ and familial narrative.
Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRD) in BTKi relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma: A phase II study from Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Authors: Cavallo Federica , Clerico Michele , Lucchini Elisa , Castiglione Anna , Re Alessandro , Zilioli Vittorio Ruggiero , Visco Carlo , Tani Monica , Olivieri Jacopo , Arcaini Luca , Fabbri Alberto , Gaidano Gianluca , Dodero Anna , Zaja Francesco
Published: June 2024

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative neoplasm considered incurable, with a median survival of 3–5 years. In recent years, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have been introduced, demonstrating high therapeutic activity. However, the prognosis for MCL patients failing ibrutinib therapy is particularly poor, with a survival expectation of a few months. In this phase II trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of the carfilzomib‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (KRD) combination in MCL patients who were relapsed/refractory (R/R) or intolerant to BTKi and in need of treatment. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of the KRD combination in terms of 12‐month overall survival (12‐month OS). From September 2019 to December 2020, 16 patients were enrolled from 11 Italian centers. After a median follow‐up of 2.37 months (95% CI 0.92–6.47), the 12‐month OS was 13%. The rate of grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) was 35%, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 19%. These results led to the premature termination of enrollment, as defined in the protocol stopping rules. The efficacy of the KRD combination in advanced‐stage MCL patients who are R/R to BTKi is unsatisfactory and too toxic.
Coagulopathy in CAR‐T: Critical concern or mere blip?
Authors: Galli Eugenio , Sorà Federica , Rossi Elena
Published: June 2024

Despite Peng and colleagues providing an extensive review of the clinical and laboratory aspects of CAR‐T‐associated coagulopathy, the current literature often lacks specificity in nomenclature and gradings, and the clinical implications of coagulopathy may remain unclear. Clear recommendations on stratification and prophylaxis are still required to standardize the clinical approach to this topic.

Commentary on: Peng et al. Coagulation abnormalities associated with CAR‐T therapy in hematological malignancies: A review. Br J Haematol 2024;205:420‐428.
Targeted Investigational Treatment Analysis of Novel Anti‐androgen (TITAN) study: ultralow prostate‐specific antigen decline with apalutamide plus androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: Merseburger Axel S. , Agarwal Neeraj , Bjartell Anders , Uemura Hirotsugu , Soto Alvaro Juarez , Bhaumik Amitabha , Böhm Jürgen , Tran Nguyen , Krochmann Nils , Nematian‐Samani Mehregan , Mundle Suneel D. , Brookman‐May Sabine D. , Lopez‐Gitlitz Angela , McCarthy Sharon A. , Chi Kim , Chowdhury Simon
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the association between achievement of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels ≤0.2 ng/mL (henceforth ‘ultralow’) and clinical outcomes in patients in the ‘Targeted Investigational Treatment Analysis of Novel Anti‐androgen’ (TITAN) study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02489318) with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Patients and Methods

Patients in the TITAN study with mCSPC were randomised to 240 mg/day apalutamide (n = 525) or placebo (n = 527) plus androgen‐deprivation therapy. This post hoc analysis assessed the achievement of a PSA level of 0.2–>0.02 ng/mL (‘ultralow one’ [UL1]) and ≤0.02 ng/mL (‘ultralow two’ [UL2]) vs >0.2 ng/mL with apalutamide treatment and its association with radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), overall survival (OS), time to castration‐resistant PC (TTCRPC), and time to PSA progression (TTPP). The landmark analysis and Kaplan–Meier methods were used.

Results

By 3 months, more patients achieved UL1 and UL2 with apalutamide (38% and 23%) vs placebo (15% and 5%). In the apalutamide‐treated patients, UL2 vs PSA >0.2 ng/mL at landmark 3 months was associated with significantly longer rPFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.54), OS (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13–0.43), TTCRPC (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.11–0.38), and TTPP (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.04–0.27; nominal P values all <0.001); this association was also observed but less pronounced for UL1. Similar findings were observed at 6 months. Early onset of decline to UL2 by 3 months was associated with improved survival vs PSA >0.2 ng/mL anytime (HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.22; P < 0.001) in apalutamide‐treated patients.

Conclusions

In this post hoc analysis of TITAN, patients with the deepest PSA decline derived the greatest benefit. These results extend our findings of apalutamide efficacy in the overall TITAN population, underscoring the clinical value of PSA kinetics as a marker for treatment efficacy.

Patient Summary

Patients with metastatic prostate cancer that is sensitive to ongoing hormonal treatment benefited significantly from the addition of apalutamide compared with placebo. Those who achieved rapid and deep PSA reduction had the greatest survival benefit.