bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell)
Authors: Hurrell G.A. , James T.K. , Lamoureaux S.L. , Lusk C.S. , Trolove M.R.
Published: October 2019

Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell) is a common weed in canopydepleted indigenous forest remnants in New Zealand In this study triclopyr was applied to dense stands of wandering Jew at a range of rates in each of two experiments (Diamond Harbour in the South Island and Te Pahu in the North Island) to determine its effects on the weed and subsequent regrowth The cover of wandering Jew was initially reduced by 80100 with herbicide application At about 1 year after application of the herbicide the wandering Jew had regrown to about 350 cover depending on the rate of triclopyr applied and some indigenous seedlings had begun to appear However the survival of these seedlings was minimal
Chemical control of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A.
Published: October 2019

Field horsetail is a perennial rhizomatous weed with summergrowing fernlike foliage and sporelating stems It likes moist freedraining sandy soils and gravel riverbeds and flood plains Glasshouse experiments on 10month old potted field horsetail plants showed excellent efficacy of imazapyr amitrole metsulfuron picloram and combinations of picloram with metsulfuron or triclopyr all at highest recommended rates However in the field trial single applications of these herbicides did not provide effective longterm control with significant regrowth 2 months after treatment This suggests that most of the herbicide treatments did not damage the extensive root system sufficiently to stop considerable regrowth with herbicides such as triclopyrpicloram glyphosate and metsulfuron failing to give adequate control of this weed in the field Further applications of amitrole or triclopyrmetsulfuron 2 months after the initial treatment gave better results but also killed all other vegetation
High pressure waterwashing to remove pests from capsicums
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , Page-Weir N.E.M. , Chhagan A. , Olsson S. , Connolly P.G.
Published: October 2019

Removal of pests on export fruit before packing using high pressure waterwashing is used commercially in New Zealand for apples and avocados and has the potential to be extended to other fruits and vegetables Mealybugs thrips and mites are intercepted on exported capsicums and the presence of species of quarantine importance results in methyl bromide fumigation which disrupts export reduces fruit quality and is costly The removal of mealybugs from naturally infested capsicums was measured after high pressure water washing at 50 75 100 125 150 175 or 200 psi and compared with results from an untreated control Before treatment capsicums had an average of 1237 live mealybugs per fruit At 3 days after high pressure waterwashing the numbers of live mealybugs on treated capsicums ranged from 38 to 118 per fruit resulting in 5885 reduction This compared with an average of 44 mealybugs on untreated capsicums at 3 days after treatment
Preplant soil fumigation for control of violet root rot of carrots
Authors: Horner I.J. , Hough E.G. , Fisher B.M.
Published: October 2019

Violet root rot (VRR) caused by Rhizoctonia crocorum causes substantial economic losses and threatens the longterm viability of the carrot industry in the Ohakune region New Zealand Previous attempts at control have been largely unsuccessful Pre planting soil fumigation trials were carried out in two heavily infested Ohakune carrot fields In 2007/08 chloropicrindichloropropene (TriForm 60) and metam sodium (Fumasol) failed to provide a commercially useful level of VRR control Deficiencies in fumigant placement and distribution and inadequate sealing of the soil for gas retention were identified as likely reasons for the failure Modified application techniques improved soil sealing and different combinations of fumigants in the 2008/09 season provided excellent control in some treatments At Site A VRR incidence was 06 and 667 in the chloropicrinmetam sodium and chloropicrin treatments respectively compared with 986 incidence in untreated control plots At Site B VRR incidence was 23 and 38 in the chloropicrindichloropropene and combined chloropicrindichloropropene metam sodium treatments with and without plastic covering respectively compared with 415 in untreated control plots
Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand a review
Authors: Mundy D.C. , Manning M.A.
Published: October 2019

Grapevine trunk diseases threaten the longevity of vineyard production in New Zealand This paper provides a summary of the knowledge of the most common fungal grapevine trunk diseases as well as identifying gaps that require further research Current knowledge of symptoms causal organisms etiology and disease control of botryosphaeria dieback esca eutypa dieback and Petri disease are discussed Additional information about how these diseases may be influenced by different vineyard practices common in New Zealand viticulture is provided
Tools for accurate assessment of botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) on wine grapes
Authors: Hill G.N. , Beresford R.M. , Evans K.J.
Published: October 2019

Botrytis bunch rot (botrytis) can reduce grape yield and wine quality Standardised assessment methods are needed to allow greater precision in wine making and to allow the use of disease management decision support models in grape production This study developed a botrytis disease assessment key to assist the accuracy of visual disease assessment Associated computer training software designed to improve the accuracy of disease assessments was also developed and tested The mean absolute error in estimates of percentage botrytis severity was significantly (P
The Australian dampwood termite Porotermes adamsoni in New Zealand
Authors: Pearson H.G. , Bennett S.J. , Philip B.A. , Jones D.C.
Published: October 2019

Porotermes adamsoni (Australian dampwood termite) has been intercepted on infested timber of Australian origin at ports in New Zealand on numerous occasions Porotermes adamsoni attacks dead and living trees (principally Eucalyptus species) There are three known extant colonies of P adamsoni in New Zealand Lyttelton in Canterbury and Kaipara Flats and Newmarket in Auckland Surveillance operations to delimit the extent of the termite incursion at Kaipara Flats and Newmarket are outlined Biosecurity considerations are discussed
Susceptibility of the European earwig Forficula auricularia to insecticide residues on apple leaves
Authors: Shaw P.W. , Wallis D.R.
Published: October 2019

The European earwig (Forficula auricularia) is potentially a predator of a number of insect pests in apple orchards However its effectiveness as a natural enemy in apple orchards may be compromised by insecticide sprays A laboratory bioassay of eight insecticides currently used in Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple orchards and one asyet unregistered product was undertaken to determine their effects on earwigs Adult earwigs were placed in ventilated containers where they were exposed to insecticide residues on apple leaves and monitored on four occasions over 10 days Indoxacarb thiacloprid spinosad and diazinon caused the greatest mortality to earwigs while carbaryl appeared to be less harmful Chlorantraniliprole spirotetramat emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide caused no increased mortality of earwigs compared with the control Identification and avoidance of harmful insecticides may help to enhance the potential of earwigs as natural enemies in apple orchards
Herbicide efficacy on three annual grass weeds in soils with different cropping histories
Authors: Rahman A. , James T.K.
Published: October 2019

The efficacy of several preemergence herbicides on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) smooth witchgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum) and yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) was investigated in different soils in pot experiments These soils were collected from the top 10 cm of seven maize fields with different cropping histories The herbicides used were dimethanamid alachlor metolachlor two formulations of acetochlor and proprietary mixes of acetochlor with atrazine or metribuzin Plastic pots filled with soil were seeded with 10 seeds of individual grass species and herbicide treatments were then applied with a precision pot sprayer A further 10 seeds of the same grass species were sown at 2weekly intervals for 8 weeks to test the duration of residual weed control The number of emerged seedlings was counted in each pot at 2 weeks after each planting Metolachlor was the most effective chemical for controlling E crusgalli and P dichotomiflorum For S pumila similar levels of control were achieved by all treatments evaluated Generally all the herbicides were less effective in soils with a long history of maize growing where up to three times more seedlings emerged than in soils with only 12 years of maize cropping
Beauveria brongniartii a potential biocontrol agent for use against manuka beetle larvae damaging dairy pastures on Cape Foulwind
Authors: Townsend R.J. , Nelson T.L. , Jackson T.A.
Published: October 2019

Manuka beetles (Pyronota sp; Scarabaeidae) are serious and persistent pests of dairy pastures on Cape Foulwind Westport When a selection of scarabactive fungal isolates were tested against 3rd instar larvae of two Pyronota species a locally sourced Beauveria brongniartii (F636) isolate consistently achieved the fastest and highest levels of larval mortality Topical application of F636 caused an average of 80 larval mortality 6 weeks posttreatment Mortality was shown to be dose rate dependent for both Pyronota species When treatments were applied by incorporating rice grains colonised by the fungus into soil simulating field application F636 again produced the fastest and highest levels of larval mortalities averaging 70 6 weeks postapplication Mortalities of both Pyronota species reached 100 after 8 weeks when the assay medium was a grey sand based soil (ex Cape Foulwind) Isolate F636 shows promise as a biological control agent for this pest and field trials have been carried out in the autumn of 2010
Detection of young Microctonus hyperodae eggs in the Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis)
Authors: Vereijssen J. , Armstrong K.F. , Winder L.M. , Goldson S.L.
Published: October 2019

The braconid endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae was successfully introduced into New Zealand in 1991 to control the exotic pastoral pest Argentine stem weevil (ASW) The wasp parasitises adult ASW and the weevil normally dies only when the fifthinstar parasitoid larva emerges However during biocontrol research over the last 20 years premature mortality of ASW has been observed under conditions of high parasitoid pressure in the field and laboratory It was hypothesised that this occurs because of injection of venom without an egg To conclude absence of a parasitoid egg in a prematurely dead weevil a sensitive method is needed to detect a newly oviposited parasitoid egg However this cannot be confirmed by visual observation or by dissection because fresh tissue is subsequently needed to detect venom A molecular method was therefore developed Firstly to model oviposition eggs were dissected from the ovaries of an adult parasitoid and one ovarian parasitoid egg was used to spike ASWs that had been dissected to confirm absence of parasitism Secondly multiplexPCR was successful in detecting a single ovarian egg in ASW This result greatly benefits research into the observed premature mortality of ASW after being exposed to M hyperodae
Comparing methods to determine European canker resistance in apple tree accessions
Authors: Scheper R.W.A. , Fisher B.M.
Published: October 2019

Pruning cuts made in summer and pruning cuts leaf scars and score wounds made in autumn were inoculated to compare their suitability to discriminate for European canker resistance among apple accessions When pruning cuts were inoculated in summer the mean lesion size varied between accessions with Royal Gala displaying significantly larger lesions than 15 other accessions 17 to 43 days after inoculation (P
Preformulation characterisation of zeolite core materials in biocontrol products
Authors: Bunt C.R. , Stelting S.A. , Wright D.A. , Swaminathan J.
Published: October 2019

Bioshield is a unique biocontrol agent that is used for control of the New Zealand grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) It consists of a core of zeolite with a biopolymer coating containing the bacterium Serratia entomophila Assessments of various zeolites (Z1BC Z1BDW Z1CG and Z1BI from New Zealand (NZZs) and AUFM 4/1 and AUZB from Australia (AZs)) were carried out prior to formulation Physical characteristics such as friability and water absorption and sorption were measured and success of bacterial coating was assessed by light microscopy and differential staining scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cell loading (cfu/g) Friability assessment of NZZs found approximately 5 mass loss while AZs did not lose any mass NZZs absorbed approximately 30 w / w while AZs 10 w / w water Water sorption to zeolites appeared to monolayer in nature although NZZs and AZs monolayer adsorption isotherms appear to differ being type II and type I respectively SEM analysis showed the surface of NZZs to be porous and populated by colloidal particles while AZs appeared very smooth and lacking in surface features Success of coating S entomophila onto NZZs and AZs was confirmed by SEM enumeration and livedead staining
Microscope methods for observation of the phylloplane flora
Authors: Hallett I.C. , Boyd-Wilson K.S.H. , Everett K.R.
Published: October 2019

Microscopebased observation of surface microbes can support indirect techniques such as culturing or DNA analysis of surface washings by illustrating microbial distribution patterns interrelationships and the presence of unculturable or nonrecovered organisms Comparisons have been made between techniques of contrasting complexity For example surface replicas of the leaf made from transparent materials and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were compared for their ability to present an accurate picture of the leaf surface and microbial populations Environmental SEM (ESEM) and cryoSEM minimise change and provide the most realistic and detailed images of the surface but have logistical difficulties Conventional critical point dried SEM samples even with extra processing and some physical change usually provided similar results and had advantages in handling The simpler replica techniques retained microbial number and distribution when compared to ESEM but were poor with rough surfaces Microbial material on replicas could be stained or labelled with antibodies to improve identification
A bioassay screening Trichoderma isolates for enhancement of root development in Impatiens walleriana cuttings
Authors: Clouston A.M. , Hill R.A. , Minchin R. , Braithwaite M. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

The potential of 62 Trichoderma spp isolates to enhance root development on cuttings was evaluated in a screening bioassay using the ornamental plant impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) Increased root development and consequent growth of cuttings induced by Trichoderma treatments were compared to that of a commercial rooting hormone (indole3 butryic acid) and untreated cuttings Results recorded after 3 weeks growth indicated sufficient resolution in the bioassay to detect statistical growth differences between treatments As expected treatment with IBA (positive control) enhanced root growth in root score root dry weight and root to shoot ratio parameters assessed across all three screening experiments Six individual Trichoderma isolates and a commercial mixture of isolates were also identified as significantly improving root growth with 2065 increases in the measured growth variables relative to untreated cuttings The bioassay provided an ideal system for measuring rooting response and allowed accelerated screening of Trichoderma candidates useful for enhancing root development of cuttings
Presence of the effector gene hopA1 in strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae isolated from France and Italy
Authors: Vanneste J.L. , Cornish D.A. , Yu J. , Audusseau C. , Paillard S. , Rivoal C. , Poliakoff F
Published: October 2019

Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit a disease that had limited economic impact in Italy before the outbreak of 2009 The strains isolated from Italy since 2008 have different characteristics to those isolated in Japan or Korea or those isolated earlier than 2008 in Italy This study showed that strains of Psa isolated from France had the cts haplotype I and a BOXPCR electrophoretic pattern similar to that of strains isolated from Italy after 2008 The effector gene hopA1 which was found previously by PCR to be present only in the strains of the cts haplotype I was also present in other strains of Psa isolated from Italy If this effector plays a role in the interaction between Psa and kiwifruit then the difference in virulence observed between strains of different cts haplotypes cannot be attributed to the presence of this effector
Increased numbers of earwigs (Forficula auricularia) in kiwifruit orchards are associated with fewer broadspectrum sprays
Authors: Logan D.P. , Maher B.J. , Connolly P.G.
Published: October 2019

European earwigs are sensitive to the residues of broadspectrum insecticides More earwigs are found on organicallymanaged than on conventionallymanaged kiwifruit orchards Since 2007 there have been changes in insecticide use on kiwifruit orchards In particular the broadspectrum insecticide diazinon was replaced by socalled reducedrisk insecticides In the current study earwig numbers were measured in nine conventionallymanaged and seven organicallymanaged orchards for 4 years (200607 to 200910) Numbers of earwigs on orchard blocks under organic management did not differ between years and were initially higher than on conventionallymanaged orchard blocks There was a trend for earwig numbers to increase on conventionallymanaged orchard blocks Earwig abundance decreased by approximately 60 with each spray application after allowing for differences between years
Durability of resistance to stripe rust in the wheat cultivar Claire in New Zealand
Authors: Chng S.F. , Cromey M.G. , Shorter S.C.
Published: October 2019

Host resistance is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f sp tritici The cultivar Claire was released in 1999 and until recently remained highly resistant to the disease in the United Kingdom While Claire was considered durably resistant to stripe rust in New Zealand it is now categorised as moderately susceptible The present study investigated whether racespecific resistance was responsible for this breakdown in resistance and whether cv Claire retains useful durable resistance A rust culture from cv Claire was compared with a pre2005 culture on a set of differential cultivars The seedling resistance in cv Claire was racespecific Greenhouse and field experiments suggest that the adult plant resistance in cv Claire has been reduced in the presence of a more virulent stripe rust population Remaining adult plant resistance is insufficient to provide adequate control of stripe rust in New Zealand wheat crops
Real time EPG recordings of tomatopotato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) feeding on tomato
Authors: Sandanayaka W.R.M. , Page-Weir N.E.M. , Fereres A.
Published: October 2019

The stylet penetration behaviour of tomatopotato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli Hemiptera Psyllidae) a phloem feeder was monitored using an electrical penetration graph (EPGDC system) technique Fifteen adult psyllids were randomly selected from a colony and monitored for 8 h on tomato plants under laboratory conditions EPG waveforms generated during stylet penetration into the plant tissues were categorised based on amplitude frequency voltage level and electrical origin The main waveforms representing salivary sheath secretion and other stylet pathway activities (C) first contact with phloem (D) salivation in phloem sieve tubes (E1) and phloem sap ingestion (E2) were similar to the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and this was confirmed by histological studies Phloem ingestion was seen from 12 out of 15 psyllids tested The time to first contact of phloem from the beginning of recording was 1163 h and the total duration of phloem ingestion recorded was from 1 min to 52 h within the 8 h recording period The information gathered on the feeding behaviour of TPP from this study will be applicable for future studies to understand the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum by TPP as well as other Liberibacter and TPP management studies
Efficacy and crop selectivity of saflufenacil alone and with partner herbicides for weed control in maize
Authors: Trolove M.R. , Rahman A. , Hagerty G.C. , James T.K.
Published: October 2019

The recently developed herbicide saflufenacil was evaluated in six field trials between 2008 and 2011 for weed control in maize (Zea mays) crops Trial sites varied considerably in soil characteristics and weed spectrum No phytotoxicity or visual damage symptoms were observed in any of the six cultivars planted When used alone at 70 or 105 g ai/ha saflufenacil provided effective control of annual broadleaf weeds including atrazine and dicambaresistant fathen (Chenopodium album) but had little activity on grass weeds In combination with acetochlor both rates of saflufenacil provided good control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in all but one trial In crops with a high weed pressure especially grass weeds a follow up postemergence herbicide would be required to maximise control Combinations of saflufenacil with up to 1200 g ai/ha of dimethenamidp were generally less effective than with acetochlor A strong negative relationship was evident between weed density and maize silage or grain yields
Temperature development and damage rates of onion thrips
Authors: Jamieson L.E. , Chhagan A. , Griffin M.
Published: October 2019

Bulb damage caused by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Thysanoptera Thripidae) is a serious problem in New Zealand stored export onions Understanding the relationships between insect development rates temperature and damage potential is critical to effective pest management by targeting fewer pesticide applications Thrips development (egg to adult) was monitored daily on leek leaves onion leaves or onion bulb discs at constant and variable temperatures Development rates were not significantly different on different substrates but survival was lower on onion bulbs Total development time (egg to adult) ranged from 511 days at 12C to 103 days at 30C Lower development temperature thresholds ranged from 73C for pupae to 91C for eggs Accumulation of 221 degreedays above 81C was required to complete development The temperature development model accurately predicted development time of onion thrips under variable temperature conditions At 21C adults and larvae caused an average of 201 and 107 mm2 of feeding damage to onion bulbs per day respectively
Initial establishment and further releases of Cotesia urabae a biological control agent for Uraba lugens in New Zealand
Authors: Gresham B.A. , Avila G. , Berndt L.A. , Withers T.M.
Published: October 2019

Cotesia urabae (Hymenoptera Braconidae) a solitary larval endoparasitoid of the eucalypt pest Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera Nolidae) was approved for use as a biological control agent in New Zealand in July 2010 and initial releases were made at two sites in central and south Auckland between January and June 2011 Initial establishment of C urabae has now been confirmed at the central Auckland Domain site as parasitoid cocoons were found in February 2012 in the original release tree as well as in several trees nearby where releases had not occurred for the previous 8 months Two further releases of C urabae were made in January 2012 the first in a Eucalyptus bosistoana plantation in Morningside near Port Whangarei Northland and the second onto a large Eucalyptus cinerea tree located in Matapihi Tauranga Bay of Plenty At both of these sites host U lugens larvae that had been attacked by C urabae females were released rather than adult parasitoids This method provided additional flexibility around timing of release and improved ease of transportation and handling
Transcriptome analysis during incompatible and compatible interactions of Ciborinia camelliae and Camellia
Authors: Denton-Giles M. , Cox M.P. , Bradshaw R.E. , Dijkwel P.P.
Published: October 2019

The hostspecific fungal pathogen Ciborinia camelliae is a significant pest of ornamental Camellia plants It is the causal agent of Camellia flower blight which has become rampant throughout New Zealand since the pathogens accidental introduction in the early 1990s This study aims to profile the infection of C camelliae in petals of resistant Camellia lutchuensis and susceptible Camellia japonica Camellia pitardii Nicky Crisp plants Petals were harvested from glasshousegrown plants and infected with fieldcollected fungal ascospores Microscopic analysis of the incompatible interaction at 24 hours post inoculation (hpi) revealed many hallmarks of nonhost resistance including papilla formation and H2O2 accumulation Localised cell death was also observed in epidermal cells in direct vicinity of ascospores In comparison the compatible interaction produced lesions by 30 hpi that completely enveloped the petal tissue by 72 hpi RNA was isolated from incompatible and compatible interactions at 48 hpi Deep sequencing of the mRNA resulted in a total of 340 million high quality cDNA reads Preliminary analysis of the compatible transcriptome identified the expression of 23 putative fungal virulence factors that have previously been characterised in other members of the Sclerotiniaceae
Adaption of a technique for the accelerated ageing of weed seeds to evaluate their longevity
Authors: Dowsett C.A. , James T.K. , Trivedi P.D.
Published: October 2019

Successful management of weed infestations requires an understanding of their biology including seedbank longevity The controlled ageing test used by the Millennium Seed Bank Kew Gardens was evaluated for several grass and broadleaf weed seeds The method aims to estimate seed longevity from a seed survival curve using a controlled environment to accelerate seed ageing Eight species were tested nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) white bryony (Bryonia cretica) batwing passion flower (Passiflora apetala) butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti) thorn apple (Datura stramonium) apple of Peru (Nicandra physalodes) broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) The suggested measure of longevity is the point where germination has fallen by 50 (P50) Seed survival tested here did not follow the ideal logistic model for analysis Because of rapid decline in germination the point where seeds no longer germinate (P0) is considered to be a better measure of seed longevity
Eradication programme for four noxious weeds in New Zealand
Authors: NA E.Yamoah , Gill G.S.C. , Massey E.
Published: October 2019

The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) has targeted Salvinia molesta (salvinia) Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) and Moraea flaccida (cape tulip) for eradication under the national interest pest response (NIPR) programme These weeds are both notifiable and unwanted organisms under the Biosecurity Act 1993 The NIPR eradication programme consists of educational campaigns; enforcement of the Biosecurity Act which prohibits propagation planting sowing sale and distribution of the weeds; removal and destruction of the weeds from known infested sites; and monitoring those sites for regrowth Assessment over the past two decades shows that Johnson grass and cape tulip have responded well to management As at 2013 the number of active Johnson grass sites has reduced by 100 and cape tulip by 74 The number of active sites for water hyacinth and salvinia however keeps rising and falling thus prolonging eradication
Impact of cereal rotation strategies on soil inoculum concentrations and wheat takeall
Authors: Van_Toor R.F. , Bithell S.L. , Chng S.F. , McKay A. , Cromey M.G.
Published: October 2019

The fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici (Ggt) causes takeall in cereals and survives saprophytically on crop debris during the intercrop period Commercial wheat fields with different crop rotations on 10 farms in the South Island of New Zealand were monitored over 6 years for changes in Ggt inoculum concentrations and takeall severity Takeall severity in wheat varied greatly among crop rotations across the farms with aboveground symptoms seldom visible on some farms and common on others Takeall severity was reduced by maintaining a low frequency of host crops in the rotation Ggt was detected in soil from all farms Soil inoculum concentrations were reduced proportional to the length of nonhost break crops While barley triticale and rye are less susceptible than wheat to takeall they can lead to high postharvest inoculum concentrations
Observations on Philobota sp (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) near Hamilton in 2012
Authors: Gerard P.J.
Published: October 2019

Two species of Philobota (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) have been confirmed to be present in New Zealand These are P chionoptera found near Napier and Cape Kidnappers and an unnamed species ANIC5 belonging to the P hydara group found at Ruakura Research Centre Hamilton In spring 2012 a light trap confirmed the presence of a selfsustaining population of the latter at Ruakura Emergence commenced 1 October peaked on 30 October and the last moth was trapped on 3 December Prior to the peak males dominated the female population by 151 while after the peak the ratio was reduced to 141 Both mated and unmated females were collected and the maximum fecundity was 120 eggs The moth was confirmed at a site 2 km from the Research Centre A parasitoid Anacis sp (Ichneumonidae Cryptini) was collected in a cage containing Philobota sp ANIC5 pupae
Predation by Ostenia robusta on Costelytra zealandica pupae
Authors: Chynoweth R.J. , Marris J.W.M. , Armstrong K.F. , Chomic A. , Linton J. , Chapman R.B.
Published: October 2019

Soil sampling in a cereal crop near Southbridge Canterbury revealed dipteran larvae attacking Costelytra zealandica (White) pupae Approximately 50 of the pupae had larvae associated with them DNA sequencing analysis of larval specimens indicated they most likely belonged to the family Dolichopodidae Larval specimens were reared through to adults and were identified as Ostenia robusta (Hutton) (Diptera Dolichopodidae) This is the first record of the association of O robusta larvae with C zealandica pupae A general description of the adult and larva of this species is provided along with DNA sequencing data and observations on its association with C zealandica pupae The potential role of O robusta in regulating populations of C zealandica is briefly considered
Recent progress on detecting understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae a short review
Authors: Vanneste J.L.
Published: October 2019

In the last few years the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) has become a global pathogen of economic importance Since the beginning of this global outbreak many laboratories in the world have been working on Psa Today it is known that Psa is not a homogeneous pathovar and tools that allow the distinction between biovars (subpathovar classification) have been developed The whole genome sequence of several strains of Psa has now been published Some of the assumptions on the life cycle (ports of entry epiphytic survival etc) made in the early days of the outbreak have now been confirmed Although few new methods have been found to control Psa there is now a better understanding of how to reduce the incidence of this disease This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the pathogen the disease and how to control it
La cuestión tributaria ambiental: alcances y perspectivas
Authors: Ayala Rojas Dora , Baez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2019

Nuestro punto de partida consiste en sostener que el marco referencial del sistema social de Occidente, respondió a una construcción patrimonial de la persona que soslayó - y en algunos momentos ocultó - su dimensión personal; y que, esa situación –filosófica y/o antropológica– tuvo sus consecuencias directas
sobre el ambiente, porque llevó a los bienes hacia un punto de tensión tan extrema que exigió una urgente reconsideración de la humanidad como valor en sí; y del ambiente como parte de ese valor.
El nuevo delito de explotación del trabajo infantil en la reciente Reforma Penal Argentina (Ley Nº 26847/13)
Authors: Buompadre Jorge Eduardo
Published: October 2019

La explotación de la infancia no solo se realiza en la modalidad de tráfico de personas, de prostitución o de pornografía infantil. También el abuso y la manipulación de la niñez en el ámbito laboral implica una de las tantas formas de explotación del ser humano en este caso, de explotación económica, que lesiona sus derechos más básicos. El trabajo infantil envuelve, no solo un problema social de gran envergadura, sino también un grave atentado a los derechos humanos de los niños.
Mengaitkan Literasi Finansial dengan Fiqh Mu’āmalāt
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi , Mahmada Nong Darol
Published: October 2019

Literasi finansial yang saya sebut di sini bermakna kemampuan menafsirkan dokumen finansial sebagai bahan membuat keputusan yang memperhitungkan konsekuensi jangka panjang. Misalnya memahami implikasi peminjaman ke bank terhadap kondisi finansial diri sendiri. Sebagai pelajar pondok pesantren, mestinya keputusan finansial juga didasari oleh fiqh mu’āmalāt.
Semi-mechanistic modelling of neutropenia
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics PKPD modelling of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia can help with efficacy optimization and toxicity prevention in cancer patients. These medications focus on the fast- growing cells within the body and destroy them. Most of the fast-growing cells in the body are usually cancer cells, but there is an increased chance that certain healthy cells, such as white blood cells could be killed during chemo- therapy. Several approaches have been identified for different drugs. Both empirical and mechanist approaches are discussed in this paper. Further, the author identified the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile described by Friberg et al. (2003) as the most commonly used. This model consists of five sectors that represent proliferation, maturation, as well as elimination from the circulation of the neutrophils or leucocytes. This review covers these aspects and promotes a full understanding of dose prediction using semi-mechanistic modelling.
Interplay between culture and biology in human
Authors: Mandal Fatik Baran
Published: October 2019

Neurobiology, hormone, behavior, environment and epigenetics bring out modifications in human culture. People are genetically different from their sensitivity to cultural behavior or cultural norms. Genetic variation interacts with social- and ecological -factors and influences psycho- cultural differences. The environment via hormonal and neuronal mechanisms influences the genes. At least 129 genes are subject to recent rapid selection and their inferred cultural selection pressures. Social, - cultural¬, and environmental factors are placed with genetic factors on an equal footing as carriers of information in human development. Social learning behaviors, culture, and language are media for trans-generational transmission of information. Brain organizations after maturation are partially yet remarkably re-modeled due to cultural practices. The high social competition caused evolution of large brains and distinct cognitive abilities in our species. Social learning influences the acquisition of norms of culture and behavioral patterns. Culture determines our behavior. We have changed our culture in many ways. Although a number of theories exist on biology -culture interplay, but the complex interaction between culture and biology is yet to be fully understood for addressing issues like sustainability.This communication presents the interplay between human culture, environment and biology in light of modern understanding and shows that biological evolution and cultural evolution are intertwined in our species.
Prescription evaluation practice by final year pharmacy students
Authors: Alshammari Elham
Published: October 2019

Pharmacists can be defined as a healthcare professional responsible for medication dispensations as well as ensuring patient safety through appropriate medication utilization. They play a significant role not only on the overall healthcare cost implications but also the patient safety concerns when using medications. The scope of this paper will be to evaluate the practice of prescription amongst the final pharmacy students in the school through the use of a prospective research methodology. From 137 students, 31 failed to identify the error in dosing (22.6%) while 106 (77.4%) responded with the presence of error and from these 102 (74.5%) recommended to adjust the dose according to patient weight correctly.
There Is No Spoon: Evaluating Performance, Space Use, and Presence with Expert Domain Users in Immersive Analytics
Authors: Batch Andrea , Cunningham Andrew , Cordeil Maxime , Elmqvist Niklas , Dwyer Tim , Thomas Bruce H. , Marriott Kim
Published: October 2019

Immersive analytics turns the very space surrounding the user into a canvas for data analysis, supporting human cognitive abilities in myriad ways. We present the results of a design study, contextual inquiry, and longitudinal evaluation involving professional economists using a Virtual Reality (VR) system for multidimensional visualization to explore actual economic data. Results from our preregistered evaluation highlight the varied use of space depending on context (exploration vs. presentation), the organization of space to support work, and the impact of immersion on navigation and orientation in the 3D analysis space.
“Papua mencari jalan terbaik dalam Prespektif Negara Gotong-Royong mewujudkan Bonum Commune sebagai ciri khas Indonesia”
Authors: Rongan Paskalis Ola
Published: October 2019

AbstrackNegara Indonesia adalah negara gotong royong, kemajemukan suku dan budaya di Indonesia tidak jarang menjadi sumber konflik, hal ini menandakan betapa sulitnya menyatukan kemajemukan itu ke dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Konflik yang terjadi di kecamatan Wamena papua timbul dikarenakan kemajemukan masyarakat, dimana ada masyarakat yang mudah terprovokasi, frustasi atau menderita stres lingkungan. Hal ini bisa menjadikan satu keyakinan kolektif, walaupun tidak serta merta menjadi perilaku massal, merekalah kelompok potensial untuk terlibat dalam konflik sosial. Untuk mengatasi tersebut bisa dilakukan dengan upaya penanggulangan dan upaya penataan sistem norma hukum dan penataan sistem kelembagaan hukum, baik yang berlaku dalam rangka upaya pembaruan hukum maupun dalam penegakan hukum. Kata Kunci : Gotong royong, kesejatraan bersama, konflik.
Media Sosial dan Keberenian Mengutarakan Pendapat di era Kontemporer : Menelik Teori Spiral of Scilence dalam Ruang Media Sosial
Authors: Kalaloi Abdul Fadli
Published: October 2019

Peningkatan akses media sosial pada masyarakat menjembatani diskusi publik dalam jangkauan dan frekuensi yang lebih luas dikalangan masyarakat. Akses komunikasi yang terbuka memberikan perhatian publik yang lebih luas terhadap suatu topik atau isu sosial lainnya, imbas dari jangkauan akses sosial media yang tidak terbatas. Pada isu-su sensitif yang bersifat tabu atau minoritas, masyarakat atau individu dalam lingkungan sosial cenderung ragu atau tidak memiliki keberanian mengutarakan pendapat yang bersifat opposisi dalam diskusi nyata dilingkungan sosial (fear of social isolation). Tulisan ini mencoba menguji hipotesis dari teori spiral of scilence dalam ruang media sosial. Dengan pendekatan studi literatur tulisan ini menemukan bahwa tekanan dalam ruang publik nyata terjadi berdasaran konstruksi wacana dominasi dalam sebuah lingkungan sosial, sehingga mencegah keinginan sesorang untuk mengutarakan pendapat (willingness to express ones opinion). Dalam ruang publik media sosial, individu merasa terlepas dari dominasa wacana tersebut, dengan media sosial sesorang bisa menggunakan akun dengan nama yang berbeda, atau anonim sekalaipun, sehingga upaya dalam mengutarakan pendapat dan mengharapakan pendapat dari individu lainnya lebih terbuka, yang pada akhirnya menjembatani sebuah isu-sus tertentu untuk dapat didiskusikan secara terbuaka.
PENDIDIKAN NILAI GOTONG-ROYONG SEBAGAI STRATEGI KETAHANAN NASIONAL
Authors: Dewantara Agustinus
Published: October 2019

Soekarno pernah mengusulkan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Soekarno bahkan merangkum Pancasila dalam satu nilai: “gotong-royong” atau yang disebutnya sebagai Ekasila. Keanekaragaman menjadi modal dan potensi yang luar biasa untuk kemajuan bersama jika dikelola dalam semangat gotong-royong, akan tetapi yang mengemuka dewasa ini justru konflik bernuansa SARA yang bisa menghantam ketahanan nasional. Di titik ini diperlukan suatu pendalaman akan pentingnya gotong-royong sebagai nilai bersama. Nilai gotong-royong memerlukan jembatan untuk tampil lewat pendidikan nilai. Pendidikan gotong-royong bisa ditampilkan dalam bentuk pengetahuan kognitif, tetapi yang jauh lebih penting dari itu adalah bagaimana gotong-royong sungguh menjadi etos dan praktek bersama dari sebuah bangsa. Nilai gotong-royong merupakan kenyataan objektif dari sejarah bangsa Indonesia yang ditemukan Soekarno, maka pendidikan gotong-royong dengan demikian harus membuka ruang bagi siapa saja untuk mengembangkan kemampuannya dalam rangka menemukan nilai itu. Pendidikan nilai gotong-royong menjadi semakin efektif bila diuji dengan pengalaman konkret segenap manusia Indonesia yang hidup berdampingan dengan aneka perbedaan, akrab dengan bencana yang kerap secara spontan memunculkan semangat untuk bahu-membahu, dan biasa diuji dengan peristiwa politik (baik itu Pilpres, Pilkada, bahkan Pilkades) yang kadang-kadang menjadi biang pertentangan masyarakat.Model penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam menggali tema ini ialah penelitian kualitatif bidang filsafat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis hermeneutika. Nilai gotong-royong akan dikaji dalam perspektif teori nilai Max Scheler, sehingga ditemukan maknanya bagi Indonesia dewasa ini. Peneliti menjadi instumen utama dalam penemuan makna seperti ini.Konsep gotong-royonglah yang memungkinkan semua unsur yang berbhinneka di tanah air Indonesia diakui keberadaannya. Konsep gotong-royong pulalah yang membuat pluralisme mekar dengan subur. Gotong-royong memiliki dimensi kemanusiaan yang justru bisa menjadi pengikat kebersamaan. Bangsa ini harus meminati nilai gotong-royong lewat pendidikan kegotong-royongan, dan mewujudkan diri sebagai bangsa yang utama dalam menghadapi tantangan yang hendak merongrong ketahanan nasional.
"Gotong-royong" as Indonesian Philosphy in Max Scheler Perspectives
Authors: Dewantara Agustinus
Published: October 2019

Gotong-royong by Sukarno in Perspective Axiology Max Scheler aims to find analytically the objective meaning of the principle of gotongroyong in the perspective of axiology, and reflect the appreciation of value in Indonesia. Axiology selected as an object to be formal because this research focused on gotong-royong as a typical value of Indonesia. This theme is expected to contribute to the life of the Indonesian people today who seem to live in a crisis of mutual cooperation in various fields. Sukarno summarizes Pancasila in a single value, namely the "gotong-royong" (mutual assistance of Indonesia) or he describes as Ekasila. The essence of Pancasila finds a great challenge today. Diversity in many areas that characterizes the Indonesian nation is actually an asset and a tremendous potential for progress together, but today that surfaced precisely various phenomena of violence and conflict that undermines a sense of Indonesian nationalism as a great nation.
Melihat Fragmentasi dan Keaktifan Audiens dalam Menentukan Platform dan Informasi di Media Online
Authors: Kalaloi Abdul Fadli
Published: October 2019

Audiens dan pengguna media baru semakin aktif - selektif, self-directed, produsen sekaligus penerima teks. Mereka semakin jamak, apakah ini dikonseptualisasikan sebagai multiple, beragam, terfragmentasi atau individual. Kita tahu bahwa pilihan, seleksi, rasa, fandom, intertekstualitas, dan interaktivitas, tidak hanya bagian konteks sosial di depan kerangka layar dan sifat keterlibatan dengan apa yang ditunjukkan di layar, namun dengan berbagai cara yang dapat kita jabarkan sekarang, orang-orang aktif membentuk budaya media mereka. Tulisan ini menganalisa fragmentasi audiens dalam sudut pandang sifat audiens media baru yang sangat aktif. Disatu sisi media memiliki kemampuan untuk menarik perhatian audiens yang spesifik dan mengakibatkan fragmentasi audiens. Sedangkan disisi lainnya, audiens yang sangat aktif cenderung menentukan pilihannya berdasarkan Gratification Sought (pencarian kepuasan) dan Gratification Obtained (kepuasan yang diperoleh). Hal ini menimbulkan sebuah penjelasan ilmiah dari perspektif keduanya. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menemukan bahwa Pertama, fragmentasi dan keaktifan audines tidak bisa dilihat dalam sisi yang sama, sebab fragmentasi adalah tahapan dimana audiens akan menemukan jawaban dari kebuthan informasinya dalam situs berita tententu dan segmen konten berita tertentu. Audiens yang memili taste yang sama cenderung akan mengarah pada media yang menyajikan konten sesuai dengan yang mereka inginkan jika di masukan kedalam teori uses and gratification dalam hal ini audiens telah menemukan Gratification Obtained (kepuasan yang diperoleh). Kedua, keaktifan audiens dalam hal ini Gratification Sought (pencarian kepuasan), berada pada tatanan proses konsumsi berita itu sendiri. Berbeda dengan fragmentasi yang berada dalam tatanan pengelompokan audiens berdasarkan pencarian kepuasa itu sendiri.
Konsep Dasar IPS
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat
Published: October 2019

buku ini menjadi sebuah kajian yang mendasar dalam materi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. IPS sebagai mata pelajaran di tingkat sekolah dasar pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu integrasi utuh dari disiplin ilmu IPS dan disiplin ilmu lain yang relevan untuk merealisasikan tujuan pendidikan di tingkat persekolahan. Dalam buku ini ditemukan kajian membahas mengenai berbagi tradisi dalam IPS termasuk konsep, struktur, aspek metode, maupun aspek nilai yang dikembangkan dalam ilmu IPS di kemas secara psikologis, paedagogis dan sosial buadaya untuk kepentingan pendidikan serta disajikan secara ilmiah dalam rangka mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan dan pencapaian tujuan pendidikan nasional.Dunia pedidikan sangat membutuhkan karya tulis yang mampu membuka wacana berpikir dan menambah khasanah keilmuan mahasiswa dan pelajar dengan melahirkan karya tulis buku ajar Konsep Dasar IPS bagi mahasiswa/calon guru SD/MI pada perguruan tinggi, untuk itu dalam rangka mewujudkan uraian di atas. Secara ringkas bahwa buku ini membahas mengenai Konsep dasar IPS di SD/MI. Bagian awal buku ini secara runtut membahas mengenai Sejarah perjuangan dan latar belakang lahirnya IPS, konsep dan ruang lingkup kajian IPS, pembahasan berikutnya membahas tentang hubungan IPS dengan Ilmu sosial lainnya, paradigm pembeljaran IPS, pengembangan Materi ajar IPS, dimensi dan struktur IPS, keterampilan-keterampilan dalam IPS, pendidikan global, pendidikan IPS dan pembangunan karakter bangsa, dan beberapa permasalahan pendidikan IPS di sekolah dasar dan menengah. Sehingga kajian tersebut mampu bersinergi dengan tujuan pendidikan nasial dalam membangun karakter bangsa.