bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part II. Treatment and Ongoing Management
Authors: Cheung Amy H. , Zuckerbrot Rachel A. , Jensen Peter S. , Laraque Danielle , Stein Ruth E.K. ,   GLAD-PC STEERING GROUP, Levitt Anthony , Birmaher Boris , Campo John , Clarke Greg , Emslie Graham , Kaufman Miriam , Kelleher Kelly J. , Kutcher Stanley , Malus Michael , Sacks Diane , Waslick Bruce , Sarvet Barry
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To update clinical practice guidelines to assist primary care (PC) in the screening and assessment of depression. In this second part of the updated guidelines, we address treatment and ongoing management of adolescent depression in the PC setting.

METHODS:

By using a combination of evidence- and consensus-based methodologies, the guidelines were updated in 2 phases as informed by (1) current scientific evidence (published and unpublished) and (2) revision and iteration among the steering committee, including youth and families with lived experience.

RESULTS:

These updated guidelines are targeted for youth aged 10 to 21 years and offer recommendations for the management of adolescent depression in PC, including (1) active monitoring of mildly depressed youth, (2) treatment with evidence-based medication and psychotherapeutic approaches in cases of moderate and/or severe depression, (3) close monitoring of side effects, (4) consultation and comanagement of care with mental health specialists, (5) ongoing tracking of outcomes, and (6) specific steps to be taken in instances of partial or no improvement after an initial treatment has begun. The strength of each recommendation and the grade of its evidence base are summarized.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care cannot replace clinical judgment, and they should not be the sole source of guidance for adolescent depression management. Nonetheless, the guidelines may assist PC clinicians in the management of depressed adolescents in an era of great clinical need and a shortage of mental health specialists. Additional research concerning the management of depressed youth in PC is needed, including the usability, feasibility, and sustainability of guidelines, and determination of the extent to which the guidelines actually improve outcomes of depressed youth.
The Concept Of Dissimilitude In Teaching Literature
Authors: Marković Bojan , Mićić Višnja , Vukomanović Vladimir
Published: February 2018

This article focuses on the presence of the concept of dissimilitude in a selection of literary texts for children prescribed by the syllabi in Croatia and Serbia. The comparative analysis is based on providing a list of texts for the first cycle of education in the two syllabi through a conceptually-based (text-transcendent) observation of the concept of dissimilitude, as well as a content-based (text-immanent) analysis of the presence of dissimilitude in these texts in its broadest sense.In the literary texts prescribed by the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia, the field of dissimilitude thematization can largely be attributed to the nature of the literary work itself, rather than the curricular or conceptually-based education policy behind the current syllabi. The paper presents results of the analyses of the two syllabi that are conceptually quite different. Furthermore, the two syllabi contain almost no common literary works. The aim of this paper is to compare the educational strategies of teaching literature in the two countries of common historical, literary, cultural and linguistic heritage – Croatia, which is a full member of the EU and Serbia, which is in the process of EU accession, by analyzing the presence of the concept of dissimilitude in a selection of literary texts.
Evaluación del desarrollo testicular y medidas morfométricas en ovinos de pelo colombiano
Authors: Espitia-Pacheco Amado , Montes Vergara Donicer Eduardo , Lara-Fuenmayor Diego
Published: February 2018

The sheep body measurements are useful indicators of type and function that allow improving the selection. Biometric studies have shown in sheep a relationship between these measures with some productive variables. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the testicular development and their relationship with morphometric parameters on Colombian hairy sheep of Sampués, Sucre, Colombia. Weaned males (n=12) born between February and April of 2014 were used, and the following measures were taken every twenty-eight days: scrotal circumference (CS), body weight (PC), rump height (AG), withers height (AC), and right and left testicular length (LTD and LTL).The sheep were between three to twelve months old. A multiple regression analysis (RA) was done from PC; AG; AC; TL. To describe the variation of LT, the model included only the variables PC; AG; AC. The grade of association between the studied variables was performed by a Pearson correlation. Scrotal circumference showed a high correlation with the evaluated morphometric parameters. In the RA analysis, the PC influenced the variable CE (p<0.05), while other variables did not have a significant influence. According to the regression coefficient associated to the measurement, per each kg of PC that an animal gained in weight, there was a corresponding increase of 0,09 cm in the CS.
Caracterización nutricional y determinación de ácido fítico como factor antinutricional del frijol caupí
Authors: De-Paula Claudia Denise , Jarma-Arroyo Sara , Aramendiz-Tatis Hermes
Published: February 2018

In Cordoba, Monteria, Colombia, poverty reaches 67.8% of the population, with a generalized food under consumption in the region, and it is estimated that on average, the daily calorie intake is lower than an 18.7%, so, it is necessary to know the qualitative characteristics and the anti-nutritional factors of regional raw materials. The objective of this study was to nutritionally characterize 43 genotypes of cowpea beans and to quantify the phytic acid of the best cultivars based on the study of organic phosphorus content on the samples, assuming that one molecule of this acid contains six molecules of phosphorus, in relation to the protein content and minerals. The genotypes that were used came from Córdoba’s University Genetic Improvement Program; the investigation was developed between 2012 to 2014. The Criollo Córdoba bean sample, which was used as a control, had the highest value in phytic acid content of (12.267 ± 2.15 mg/g) and the cultivar L042 had the lowest phytic acid content (9.630 ± 1.725 mg/g). ), which indicates an improvement in the bioavailability of minerals. The protein content had a range between 22.05% ± 0.82 to 26.90% ± 1.76, and the lines L047, L042, L026, L029, L019 and L002 showed a higher content. The iron amount varied between 59.54% ± 24 and 77-177.90% ± 122.20, excelling in the cultivars L042, L020, L001, L005, L057 and L047, which exceeded the control sample. The tested genotypes showed significant differences (p≤0.05) in phosphorus content and values ranged from 4.64 ± 0.43 to 5.69% ± 0.38%; no cultivar surpassed the control sample. In zinc content, cultivars showed no significant differences (p≥0.05), and ranged between 43.46% ± 4.75 and 10.81 ± 53.38%. L042 cultivar was the best in nutritional and lower phytic acid content as antinutritional substance required to replace the currently consumed varieties of cowpea beans.
Efecto del genotipo y alimentación final sobre cortes cárnicos comerciales y calidad de canal en novillos
Authors: Rodríguez-González Karla , Valverde Abarca Anthony , Rodríguez-González Julio , Murillo-Bravo Olger , Camacho-Calvo Marlen
Published: February 2018

The current systems of beef production must be competitive and oriented towards meat quality as a marketing concept. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate on grazing steers the effect of the genotype and nutritional supplementation finishing on growth, carcass composition, and cutability performance. The evaluation period was of 126 days during 2013. The research was conducted at the “La Vega farm” located in San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica. In the investigation an analysis of production characteristics was performed, and the following were determined: daily weight gain, backfat, marbling, muscle depth, packing plant live weight, weight loss from farm to abbatoir, hot carcass weight, dressing %, muscle conformation, round circumference, carcass lenght, rib eye area, backfat, marbling, pH and temperature at 24 h and chill shrinkage. The genotypic component of cattle and the type of received supplementation affected the carcass traits. Brahman*Charolais (F1) crossed genotypes showed better performance than Brahman and / or Charolais, regarding characteristics such as muscle depth and yield in meat cuts, tenderloin, inside round and sirloin cap. The genotype and nutritional supplementation had no effect on total salable meat.
The Contribution	of Foreign Direct Investment for Economic Growth of Ethiopia: Time Series Analysis
Authors: Melak Addissie
Published: February 2018

Economic growth of countries is one of the fundamental questions in economics. Most African countries are opening their economies for welcoming of foreign investors. As such Ethiopia, like many African countries took measures to attract and improve foreign direct investment. The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) for economic growth of Ethiopia over the period of 1981-2013. The study shows an overview of Ethiopian economy and investment environment by the help of descriptive and econometric methods of analysis to establish empirical investigation for the contribution of FDI on Ethiopian economy. OLS method of time series analysis is employed to analyse the data. The stationary of the variables have been checked by using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test and hence they are stationery at first difference. The co- integration test also shows that there is a long run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Accordingly, the finding of the study shows that FDI, GDP per capita, exchange rate, total investment as percentage of GDP, inflow of FDI stock, trade as percentage of GDP, annual growth rate of GDP and liberalization of the economy have positive impact on Ethiopian GDP. Whereas Gross fixed domestic investment, inflows of FDI and Gross capital formation influence economic growth of Ethiopia negatively. This finding suggests that there should be better policy framework to attract and improve the volume of FDI through creating conducive environment for investment.
Strategic Orientation Based on Business Environment and Entreprenurs Behavior as Well as its Effects on SME Performance and Competitiveness in Bali Indonesia
Authors: Suardhika I Nengah , Adriati I Gusti Ayu Wirati
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to test and to analyze the role of the external business environment and internal supports entrepreneurial behaviour in improving the implementation of strategies oriented to improve the performance of the business that drives the creation of high competitiveness in export-oriented SMEs at Bali.Data were collected through a questionnaire involving 175 export-oriented SMEs in Bali, but 138 questionnaires that used for the analysis. Non-response bias test showed there is no significant difference between the questionnaires back in time with the late (less than one month), so the data can be used for further analysis. Prior to testing hypotheses with path analysis through software programmed AMOS 7.This study finding that the existence of export-oriented SMEs in Bali has not been proven to align the orientation strategy with the business environment both external and internal to optimize business performance. However, adjustment activities with the business environment for business strategies appropriate to support entrepreneurial behaviours in carrying out management functions can create a superior competitive advantage for export-oriented SMEs in Bali.
“There are no recipes”
Authors: Farkas Judit
Published: February 2018

Nutrition, as a fundamental human need as well as a manifestation of a social and cultural function, has always been the focus of ethnographic and anthropological research. Various concepts – sometimes radically different and at odds with each other – have emerged in modern societies to define food that can be considered safe. These include various nutritionrelated movements. Like all social movements, these movements also act as a signaling system: they emerge as a reaction to a societal problem, and the problems they reflect as well as the attempts to formulate solutions also indicate the social dilemmas of the era. Such is the thematization of ecological crisis in recent times.

The ecovillage is a specific type of settlement created in response to an ecological, economic and social crisis. The pursuit of an environmentally friendly way of life and self-sufficiency is also reflected in the food culture of ecovillagers, providing an interpretation of safe food deeply embedded in the ecological discourse. The study presents the considerations that govern the foodways of ecovillagers and how these manifest in practice (from farm to table), analyzing it in a framework of interpretation that places the ecovillages in a broader social context. First, the author briefly presents the ecovillages and the specific community being studied. Next, she sets forth the risk and crisis concept providing the framework of interpretation, and outlines the food movements that respond to it. Finally, she turns to the description and analysis of the specific ethnographic material, the modalities of preparing for an ecological crisis, the relationship and significance of biodiversity and gastrodiversity, and demonstrates the role attributed to the community as an institution in this process.
A hepatitis C-vírus-fertőzés szűrése, diagnosztikája, antivirális terápiája, kezelés utáni gondozása. Magyar konszenzusajánlás. Érvényes: 2017. szeptember 22-től
Authors: Hunyady Béla , Gerlei Zsuzsanna , Gervain Judit , Horváth Gábor , Lengyel Gabriella , Pár Alajos , Péter Zoltán , Rókusz László , Schneider Ferenc , Szalay Ferenc , Tornai István , Werling Klára , Makara Mihály
Published: February 2018

The treatment of hepatitis C is based on a national consensus guideline updated six-monthly according to local availability and affordability of approved therapies through a transparent allocation system in Hungary. This updated guideline incorporates some special new aspects, including recommendations for screening, diagnostics, use and allocation of novel direct acting antiviral agents. The indication of therapy in patients with no contraindication is based on the demonstration of viral replication with consequent inflammation and/or fibrosis in the liver. Non-invasive methods (elastographies and biochemical methods) are preferred for liver fibrosis staging. The budget allocated for these patients is limited. Interferon-based or interferon-free therapies are available for the treatment. Due to their limited success rate as well as to their (sometimes severe) side-effects, the mandatory use of interferon-based therapies as first line treatment can not be accepted from the professional point of view. However, they can be used as optional therapy in treatment-naïve patients with mild disease. As of interferon-free therapies, priority is given to those with urgent need based on a pre-defined scoring system reflecting mainly the stage of the liver disease, but considering also additional factors, i.e., hepatic decompensation, other complications, activity and progression of liver disease, risk of transmission and other special issues. Approved treatments are restricted to the most cost-effective combinations based on the cost per sustained virological response value in different patient categories with consensus amongst treating physicians, the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary and patients’ organizations. Interferon-free treatments and shorter therapy durations are preferred. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(Suppl 1): 3–23.
Chronic treatment with carvacrol improves passive avoidance memory in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Haddadi Hossein , Rajaei Ziba , Alaei Hojjatallah , Shahidani Somayeh
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of carvacrol on motor and memory deficits as well as hyperalgesia in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. The animals were subjected to unilateral microinjection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle and treated with carvacrol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, ip) for six weeks after surgery. The 6-OHDA-lesioned rats showed contralateral rotations towards the lesion side, which was accompanied by learning and memory deficits in a passive avoidance test and a decrease in tail withdrawal latency in a tail flick test at the end of week 6. The results also showed that treatment with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg ameliorated memory deficits, with no effect on rotations and hyperalgesia in lesioned rats. In conclusion, carvacrol improves memory impairments in rats with Parkinson's disease; therefore, it may serve as an adjunct therapy for the alleviation of memory deficits in Parkinson's disease patients.
¿Qué es una Buena Elección?: El Uso de los Informes de las Misiones de Observación Electoral para Evaluar los Procesos Electorales Latinoamericanos (2013-2016)
Authors: Freidenberg Flavia
Published: February 2018

RESUMEN Aún cuando las elecciones son el corazón de la democracia representativa, todavía no existe consenso respecto a qué es una buena elección ni tampoco se ha garantizado que las prácticas políticas que se desarrollan cumplan con criterios de calidad, legitimidad y credibilidad siguiendo los parámetros establecidos internacionalmente. En muchos países considerados democráticos las elecciones conviven con irregularidades, malas prácticas y problemas de gobernanza electoral. Este artículo propone definir una “buena elección” como aquella que satisface tres condiciones necesarias: a) respeta los estándares internacionales de integridad electoral (procedimiento); b) garantiza el ejercicio de una serie de derechos políticos (contenido) y c) satisface las expectativas de la ciudadanía respecto al modo en que se organizan las elecciones y se consiguen sus objetivos (resultado). Tras evaluar los Informes de las Misiones de Observación Electoral de la Organización de los Estados Americanos de 18 elecciones en América Latina (2013-2016), se evidencia que aunque se han incrementado los niveles de calidad de las elecciones en dos dimensiones claves (organización técnica y respeto a los derechos políticos), aún existen problemas en cuanto a los resultados así como también en relación al contenido.
Parametric and non-parametric indexes applied in the selection of sour passion fruit progenies
Authors: Dalbosco Edinéia Zulian , Krause Willian , Neves Leonarda Grillo , Araújo Dejânia Vieira de , Hiega Kemely Mara Ramalho , Silva Cintia Graciele da
Published: February 2018

Abstract Several traits must be observed in the selection of sour passion fruit progenies. For such, selection indices could be used for gradually increasing the frequency of favorable genotypes for the set of the traits of interest. This study aimed to compare parametric and non-parametric selection indices to be used in the selection of passion fruit progenies and identify the best economic weights. Thus, 118 full-sib families and three controls were assessed for days regarding flowering, productivity in kg ha-1 year, fruit mass in g, number of fruits, average length of fruits in mm, average fruit diameter in mm, fruit shape, average shell thickness in mm, pulp yield, pulp color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/ATT ratio. The non-parametric selection indexes used to obtain genetic gains were Mulamba and Mock, genotype-ideotype distance, multiplicative and Elston. Smith and Hazel, Williams and Pesek and Baker parametric indexes were used, with different economic weights attributed. The Mulamba and Mock, genotype-ideotype distance nonparametric selection indexes and the Williams parametric index showed satisfactory and balanced gains. The genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation and random weight economic weights provided higher gains for non-parametric selection indexes. Similar gains were obtained for parametric indexes, regardless of assigned weight, except for Pesek and Baker, whose genetic standard deviation provided the highest gain.
Via-crúcis, via expressa: dinâmicas políticas e gramáticas religiosas na passagem da Transolímpica
Authors: Davies Frank Andrew
Published: February 2018

Resumo Este artigo apresenta e analisa a mobilização motivada pela Transolímpica em seu percurso previsto por Magalhães Bastos, bairro da zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Entrevistas, documentos e registros de reuniões envolvendo moradores e agentes do “Estado” entre 2012 a 2015 destacam as estratégias e gramáticas articuladas por uma comissão local interessada em impedir a demolição de centenas de casas no bairro. Por meio desse caso, as dinâmicas e técnicas de governo da “cidade olímpica” são colocadas em questão, chamando atenção para a complexidade desses processos e a combinação in situ de projetos religiosos e seculares, trançados em contextos locais e através de determinadas relações de poder.
Pelvic floor muscle training for overactive bladder symptoms – A prospective study
Authors: Fitz Fátima , Sartori Marair , Girão Manoel João , Castro Rodrigo
Published: February 2018

Summary Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) involves the contraction of the puborectal, anal sphincter and external urethral muscles, inhibiting the detrusor contraction, what justify its use in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Objective: To verify the effects of isolated PFMT on the symptoms of OAB. Method: Prospective clinical trial with 27 women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), with predominance of OAB symptoms and loss ≥ 2 g in the pad test. It was evaluated: pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) function (digital palpation and manometry); urinary symptoms (nocturia, frequency and urinary loss); degree of discomfort of OAB symptoms; and quality of life (Incontinence Quality-of-Life Questionnaire [I-QoL]). The PFMT program consisted of 24 outpatient sessions (2x/week + home PFMT). The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (with a significance level of 5%) were used to analyse the data. Results: There was a significant improvement of the urinary symptoms to the pad test (5.8±9.7, p<0.001), urinary loss (0.7±1.1, p=0.005) and nocturia (0.8±0.9, p=0.011). Reduction in the degree of discomfort of urinary symptoms was observed according to OAB-V8 questionnaire (10.0±7.7, p=0.001). There were also significant results in PFMs function: Oxford (3.6±0.9, p=0.001), endurance (5.2±1.8, p<0.001), fast (8.9±1.5, p<0.001) and manometry (26.6±15.8, p=0.003). In addition, quality of life had a significant improvement in the three domains evaluated by I-QoL. Conclusion: The PFMT without any additional guidelines improves the symptomatology, the function of PFMs and the quality of life of women with OAB symptoms.
The role of regulatory T cells, interleukin-10 and in vivo scintigraphy in autoimmune and idiopathic diseases – Therapeutic perspectives and prognosis
Authors: Falcão Patrícia Lima , Campos Tarcisio Passos Ribeiro de
Published: February 2018

Summary Previous studies have demonstrated the expression of the CD25 marker on the surface of naturally occurring T cells (Tregs) of mice, which have a self-reactive cellular profile. Recently, expression of other markers that aid in the identification of these cells has been detected in lymphocyte subtypes of individuals suffering of autoimmune and idiopathic diseases, including: CD25, CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10), opening new perspectives for a better understanding of an association between such receptors present on the cell surface and the prognosis of autoimmune diseases. The role of these molecules has already been described in the literature for the modulation of the inflammatory response in infectious and parasitic diseases. Thus, the function, phenotype and frequency of expression of the a-chain receptor of IL-2 (CD25) and IL-10 in lymphocyte subtypes were investigated. Murine models have been used to demonstrate a possible correlation between the expression of the CD25 marker (on the surface of CD4 lymphocytes) and the control of self-tolerance mechanisms. These studies provided support for the presentation of a review of the role of cells expressing IL-2, IL-10, HLA-DR and CTLA-4 receptors in the monitoring of immunosuppression in diseases classified as autoimmune, providing perspectives for understanding peripheral regulation mechanisms and the pathophysiology of these diseases in humans. In addition, a therapeutic approach based on the manipulation of the phenotype of these cells and ways of scintigraphically monitoring the manifestations of these diseases by labeling their receptors is discussed as a perspective. In this paper, we have included the description of experiments in ex vivo regulation of IL-10 and synthesis of thio-sugars and poly-sugars to produce radiopharmaceuticals for monitoring inflammation. These experiments may yield benefits for the treatment and prognosis of autoimmune diseases.
Desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie em dentina em um modelo de biofilme simplificado in vitro: um estudo piloto
Authors: CARVALHO Thais Piccolo , MASKE Tamires Timm , SIGNORI Cácia , BRAUNER Katielle Valente , OLIVEIRA Elenara Ferreira de , CENCI Maximiliano Sérgio
Published: February 2018

Resumo Introdução Modelos laboratoriais de biofilmes vêm sendo desenvolvidos com a finalidade de simular o ambiente bucal e o processo de formação da cárie dental. Objetivo Estabelecer e padronizar um modelo de biofilme in vitro para o desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie em dentina. Material e método Doze discos padronizados de dentina bovina foram divididos em três tempos experimentais: 4, 7 e 10 dias. As amostras de cada tempo experimental foram inoculadas com Streptococcus mutans UA 159 em meio de cultura BHI com 1% de sacarose e cultivadas em anaerobiose. As variáveis de resposta foram a perda de dureza integrada (ΔS) dos discos de dentina e dureza do substrato em diferentes profundidades. Os dados de ΔS foram analisados através de ANOVA seguido do teste Tukey, ambos com significância de 5%, e os dados de dureza de profundidade de lesão analisados descritivamente. Resultado Houve maior perda mineral aos 10 dias de crescimento microbiológico quando comparados aos 4 dias (p = 0,034), no entanto não houve diferença entre 7 e 10 dias (p = 0,853). O grupo de 4 dias mostrou perda de dureza em regiões mais superficiais (10-40µm); e o grupo de 10 dias mostrou desmineralização em áreas mais profundas, até 150 µm. Conclusão O modelo proposto mostrou-se capaz de desenvolver lesões de cárie artificiais em dentina. Em 7 dias, as lesões subsuperficiais de dentina foram adequadas para estudos de des-remineralização.
Entre a vida e a morte de trabalhadores: imagens de desigualdade e diferenciação Autos processuais e narrativas da experiência social no Oeste do Paraná (aspectos de relações mantidas em serrarias, olarias e frigoríficos em meados do século XX)
Authors: FREITAS Sheille Soares de , SANTOS Carlos Meneses de Sousa
Published: February 2018

Resumo Este artigo parte da identificação e seleção de processos criminais, ocupados com os trâmites investigativos da morte de determinados trabalhadores, para evidenciar relações construídas entre os sujeitos abordados na apuração criminal. Ao apontar a imbricação entre eles, pontuamos a historicidade de uma trama que anota aspectos expressivos da emergente ação industrial - materializada nas atuações de serrarias, olarias e frigoríficos - e a presença de trabalhadores nessas atividades. Essas relações, empreendidas a partir de meados do século XX, são destacadas com o interesse em discutir tensões sociais, suscitadas no processo de constituição territorial do Oeste do Paraná. Na documentação apresentada, promovemos a visualização de imagens da desigualdade e da diferenciação vivida por trabalhadores - fossem eles “sulistas”, “paraguaios” e/ou “nortistas” -, um convite para acessar essa experiência social por meio das ambiguidades e confrontações que compõem esse processo.
Processos participativos para elaboração de Planos Diretores Municipais: inovações em experiências recentes
Authors: Freitas Eleusina Lavor Holanda de , Bueno Laura Machado de Melo
Published: February 2018

Resumo A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 instituiu a democracia participativa. Em 2001, o Estatuto da Cidade tornou lei federal a cidade justa e sustentável e vinculou a participação à implementação dessa nova política urbana, de responsabilidade municipal. Em 2016, uma segunda leva de planos diretores foi elaborada, passando de “experiências” para tornar-se processo com peso nas decisões políticas. Arquitetos urbanistas estão entre os mais envolvidos. Atores sociais ligados à questão urbana se perguntam como melhorar e dar qualidade à participação no processo de revisão da legislação urbanística. Este texto apresenta métodos de trabalho nos processos participativos implementados que possam inspirar profissionais envolvidos com a democratização das cidades. São discutidos os casos dos municípios de Jundiaí e de Vinhedo, no Estado de São Paulo, que, com a introdução de inovadora metodologia participativa e com base em diferentes instrumentos de pesquisa, conseguiram resultados em leis que refletem um projeto de cidades mais democráticas e inclusivas.
Genetic diversity of Brazilian Brahman cattle by pedigree analysis
Authors: Cavani Ligia , Silva Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira , Carreño Luis Orlando Duitama , Ono Rafael Keith , Bertipaglia Tássia Souza , Farah Michel Marques , Millen Danilo Domingues , Fonseca Ricardo da
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Brahman cattle in Brazil with pedigree analysis. Genealogical records of a subpopulation were used considering all pedigree information (Pt) and the pedigree information divided into two periods (P1, from 1994 to 2004; and P2, from 2005 to 2012) or according to the raising system (Ppt, animals on pasture; or Pst, on stable). Estimates were obtained for average inbreeding coefficients, generation intervals (GI), number of equivalent known generation (CGE), number of founders (Nf), effective number of founders (fe), effective number of ancestors (fa), and founder genome equivalents (fg). The average inbreeding coefficients were 11.97, 7.79, 11.95, 11.74, and 11.31% for Pt, P1, P2, Ppt, and Pst, respectively. Average GI was 4.4 years, whereas CGE was 3.18. The fe values were similar to those of fa, which were greater than those of fg. The fe/fa and fg/fe ratios were close to 1, which indicates no genetic bottleneck and small losses by genetic drift. The genetic diversity in the Brazilian population of Brahman breed is not significantly reduced.
Fixed versus variable rest period effects on herbage accumulation and canopy structure of grazed 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass
Authors: Pedreira Carlos Guilherme Silveira , Silva Valdson José da , Guimarães Murilo Saraiva , Pequeno Diego Noleto Luz , Tonato Felipe
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of variable and fixed rest periods on the forage production, plant-part composition, and canopy structural characteristics of 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) pastures under rotational stocking. The treatments were two grass cultivars (Jiggs and Tifton 85) and two rest periods (grazing starting whenever the canopy reached 25 cm or every 28 days, regardless of canopy height). A completely randomized experimental design, with a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two grass cultivars and two managements), was used with three replicates. The experiment was carried out during the summer growing season in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Pre- and post-grazing forage mass chacteristics were evaluated. 'Jiggs' and 'Tifton 85' canopies had similar light interception (96.8%) at pre-grazing, for fixed and variable rest periods; however, they showed different canopy structural characteristics. 'Jiggs' had greater stem proportion, greater canopy height during pre-grazing, and lower leaf area index. There were no differences between strategies and between grass cultivars for total yield, which averaged 16.8 Mg DM ha-1. Fixed and variable rest periods can be used for 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass.
NBCe1-A Regulates Proximal Tubule Ammonia Metabolism under Basal Conditions and in Response to Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Lee Hyun-Wook , Osis Gunars , Harris Autumn N. , Fang Lijuan , Romero Michael F. , Handlogten Mary E. , Verlander Jill W. , Weiner I. David
Published: February 2018

Renal ammonia metabolism is the primary mechanism through which the kidneys maintain acid-base homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms regulating renal ammonia generation are unclear. In these studies, we evaluated the role of the proximal tubule basolateral plasma membrane electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 variant A (NBCe1-A) in this process. Deletion of the NBCe1-A gene caused severe spontaneous metabolic acidosis in mice. Despite this metabolic acidosis, which normally causes a dramatic increase in ammonia excretion, absolute urinary ammonia concentration was unaltered. Additionally, NBCe1-A deletion almost completely blocked the ability to increase ammonia excretion after exogenous acid loading. Under basal conditions and during acid loading, urine pH was more acidic in mice with NBCe1-A deletion than in wild-type controls, indicating that the abnormal ammonia excretion was not caused by a primary failure of urine acidification. Instead, NBCe1-A deletion altered the expression levels of multiple enzymes involved in proximal tubule ammonia generation, including phosphate-dependent glutaminase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glutamine synthetase, under basal conditions and after exogenous acid loading. Deletion of NBCe1-A did not impair expression of key proteins involved in collecting duct ammonia secretion. These studies demonstrate that the integral membrane protein NBCe1-A has a critical role in basal and acidosis-stimulated ammonia metabolism through the regulation of proximal tubule ammonia-metabolizing enzymes.
IL-17C/IL-17 Receptor E Signaling in CD4+ T Cells Promotes TH17 Cell-Driven Glomerular Inflammation
Authors: Krohn Sonja , Nies Jasper F. , Kapffer Sonja , Schmidt Tilman , Riedel Jan-Hendrik , Kaffke Anna , Peters Anett , Borchers Alina , Steinmetz Oliver M. , Krebs Christian F. , Turner Jan-Eric , Brix Silke R. , Paust Hans-Joachim , Stahl Rolf A. K. , Panzer Ulf
Published: February 2018

The IL-17 cytokine family and the cognate receptors thereof have a unique role in organ-specific autoimmunity. Most studies have focused on the founding member of the IL-17 family, IL-17A, as the central mediator of diseases. Indeed, although pathogenic functions have been ascribed to IL-17A and IL-17F in the context of immune-mediated glomerular diseases, the specific functions of the other IL-17 family members in immunity and inflammatory kidney diseases is largely unknown. Here, we report that compared with healthy controls, patients with acute Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) had significantly elevated serum levels of IL-17C (but not IL-17A, F, or E). In mouse models of crescentic GN (nephrotoxic nephritis) and pristane-induced lupus nephritis, deficiency in IL-17C significantly ameliorated the course of GN in terms of renal tissue injury and kidney function. Deficiency of the unique IL-17C receptor IL-17 receptor E (IL-17RE) provided similar protection against crescentic GN. These protective effects associated with a reduced TH17 response. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that IL-17C is produced by tissue-resident cells, but not by lymphocytes. Finally, IL-17RE was highly expressed by CD4+ TH17 cells, and loss of this expression prevented the TH17 responses and subsequent tissue injury in crescentic GN. Our findings indicate that IL-17C promotes TH17 cell responses and immune-mediated kidney disease via IL-17RE expressed on CD4+ TH17 cells. Targeting the IL-17C/IL-17RE pathway may present an intriguing therapeutic strategy for TH17-induced autoimmune disorders.
Mechanism of Hyperkalemia-Induced Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Harris Autumn N. , Grimm P. Richard , Lee Hyun-Wook , Delpire Eric , Fang Lijuan , Verlander Jill W. , Welling Paul A. , Weiner I. David
Published: February 2018

Background Hyperkalemia in association with metabolic acidosis that are out of proportion to changes in glomerular filtration rate defines type 4 renal tubular acidosis (RTA), the most common RTA observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the associated metabolic acidosis are incompletely understood. We sought to determine whether hyperkalemia directly causes metabolic acidosis and, if so, the mechanisms through which this occurs.

Methods We studied a genetic model of hyperkalemia that results from early distal convoluted tubule (DCT)–specific overexpression of constitutively active Ste20/SPS1-related proline-alanine–rich kinase (DCT-CA-SPAK).

Results DCT-CA-SPAK mice developed hyperkalemia in association with metabolic acidosis and suppressed ammonia excretion; however, titratable acid excretion and urine pH were unchanged compared with those in wild-type mice. Abnormal ammonia excretion in DCT-CA-SPAK mice associated with decreased proximal tubule expression of the ammonia-generating enzymes phosphate-dependent glutaminase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and overexpression of the ammonia-recycling enzyme glutamine synthetase. These mice also had decreased expression of the ammonia transporter family member Rhcg and decreased apical polarization of H+-ATPase in the inner stripe of the outer medullary collecting duct. Correcting the hyperkalemia by treatment with hydrochlorothiazide corrected the metabolic acidosis, increased ammonia excretion, and normalized ammoniagenic enzyme and Rhcg expression in DCT-CA-SPAK mice. In wild-type mice, induction of hyperkalemia by administration of the epithelial sodium channel blocker benzamil caused hyperkalemia and suppressed ammonia excretion.

Conclusions Hyperkalemia decreases proximal tubule ammonia generation and collecting duct ammonia transport, leading to impaired ammonia excretion that causes metabolic acidosis.
Типология жителей российского мегаполиса по отношению к иноэтничным мигрантам
Authors: Бритвина Ирина Борисовна , Могильчак Елена Львовна
Published: February 2018

Ирина Борисовна Бритвина – доктор социологических наук, профессор, кафедра интегрированных маркетинговых коммуникаций и брендинга, Уральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина. Адрес: 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, д. 19. E-mail: irina.britvina@urfu.ru

Елена Львовна Могильчак – кандидат философских наук, доцент, Уральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина. Адрес: 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, д. 19. E-mail: e.l.mogilchak@urfu.ru

Цитирование: Бритвина И.Б., Могильчак Е.Л. (2018) Типология жителей российского мегаполиса по отношению к иноэтничным мигрантам // Мир России. Т. 27. № 1. С. 114–134. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-114-134

 

В данной статье исследуется отношение к иноэтничным мигрантам, понимаемое как фактор аккультурации приезжих с учетом диспозиционной неоднородности принимающего сообщества. Эмпирической базой для анализа являлись результаты исследования жителей г. Екатеринбурга в возрасте 15 лет и старше. Проведен сравнительный анализ четырех типологических групп горожан с различными установками относительно мигрантов из Центральной Азии («непримиримые», «действенные благожелатели», «противоречивые» и «равнодушные»). Результаты получены с использованием кластерного анализа. В качестве классификационных признаков выступили 12 переменных, являющихся прямыми индикаторами отношения к мигрантам. Особенности каждой типологической группы описаны с использованием индикаторов, которые отражают отношение к миграции как социальному процессу. Измерялись и диспозиции относительно мигрантов в их индивидуальном проявлении, включая приемлемость брачных отношений и личной дружбы с мигрантами. Выявлены два кластера, наиболее различающиеся по всему комплексу показателей. Основу различий между данными группами составляют ценностные особенности, которые косвенно проявляются в наличии или отсутствии неприязни к некоторым этносам.Авторы приходят к выводу о существовании специфических причин формирования отношения к мигрантам в разных кластерах. Результаты опроса показали, что в центре формирования положительного или отрицательного отношения к приезжим в конкретном кластере может стоять широкое разнообразие социальных контактов с мигрантами, концентрация внимания на собственной этнической принадлежности, осознание угрозы реализации личных экономических интересов, этническая индифферентность.
Фавелы, геджеконду, «нахаловки»: сквоттерские поселения в городах развивающихся и постсоветских стран
Authors: Карбаинов Николай Иванович
Published: February 2018

Николай Иванович Карбаинов – научный сотрудник, Социологический институт ФНИСЦ РАН. Адрес: 190005, Санкт-Петербург, ул. 7-я Красноармейская, д. 25/14. E-mail: nkarbainov@gmail.com

Цитирование: Карбаинов Н.И. (2018) Фавелы, геджеконду, «нахаловки»: сквоттерские поселения в городах развивающихся и постсоветских стран // Мир России. Т. 27. № 1. С. 135–158. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-135-158

 

В данной статье проанализированы ключевые концепции и темы исследований по проблеме сквоттерских поселений в городах развивающихся и постсоветских стран (в том числе в российских городах). По результатам анализа литературы выделены три этапа в изучении сквоттерских поселений в развивающихся странах: (1) 1950-е – первая половина 1960-х гг. – период господства теорий модернизации; (2) вторая половина 1960-х – 1970-е  гг. – период «демифологизации» и романтизации сквоттерских поселений; (3) 1980-е гг. – по настоящее время – период концептуального плюрализма. Исследования в сквоттерских поселениях в постсоветских городах стали проводится только с 1990-х  гг., но, несмотря на это обстоятельство, по своим используемым концепциям, результатам и выводам они вполне сопоставимы с исследованиями, проводимыми в развивающихся странах. В статье выделены четыре ключевые темы в исследованиях постсоветских неформальных поселений: (1) стратегии обретения недвижимости в самовольных поселениях; (2) проблема взаимоотношений жителей неформальных поселений с коренными горожанами; (3) стратегии социально-экономической адаптации мигрантов, проживающих в сквоттерских поселениях; (4) отношения жителей неформальных поселений с государственными институтами и другими политическими акторами.
The production of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from human iPSCs v1
Authors: Armitage Lucas , Wallet Mark
Published: February 2018

This protocolis a modification ofa previously published method by Wilgenburg et al (PLoS One, 2013) to obtain monocytes andDendritic cells (DCs)from induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) lines.
Protocol for polar metabolomics (with emphasis on thyreostats) of urinary samples from cattle v1
Authors: Van Meulebroek Lieven , Wauters Jella , Pomian Beata , Vanden Bussche Julie , Delahaut Philippe , Fichant Eric , Vanhaecke Lynn
Published: February 2018

This protocol describes the untargeted polar analysis of urine samples from cows and calves, with special emphasis on the coverage of thyreostats. Extraction started with 3 mL urine and was in essence based on liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Analysis of extracts was achieved by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) using a Waters Acquity HSS T3 column (1.8 μm, 2.1 x 100 mm), HESI-II ionization, and Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
De rebeldías y revoluciones: perspectivas críticas desde abajo y desde Oriente en el pensamiento de Manuel Zapata Olivella
Authors: Palacios Palacios George
Published: February 2018

En este ensayo se explora la problemática de la violencia en Colombia desde la perspectiva política y literaria de Manuel Zapata Olivella. Se argumenta que un entendimiento más completo de su pensamiento requiere dilucidar el papel que jugaron dos momentos históricos claves en su formación y desarrollo como intelectual afrodiaspórico, a saber, los eventos del 9 de abril de 1948 en Bogotá y la experiencia transformadora de su viaje por China en 1952.
Residuos de la violencia. Producción cultural colombiana, 1990-2010
Authors: Villegas Andrés
Published: February 2018

Residuos de la violencia. Producción cultural colombiana, 1990-2010 hace parte de un conjunto de libros y artículos publicados en la última década y realizados por investigadores formados y que en gran medida desarrollan su carrera profesional en los departamentos de español o lenguas romances de las universidades estadounidenses...
Desafricanizar o Egito, embranquecer Cleópatra: silêncios epistêmicos nas leituras eurocêntricas sobre o Egito em manuais escolares de História no PNLD 2018
Authors: Oliva Anderson Ribeiro
Published: February 2018

O artigo tenciona refletir sobre as narrativas produzidas em livros didáticos de História acerca dos sentidos e marcos civilizatórios africanos associados ao antigo Egito. A primeira parte do texto reserva uma (re)visita a alguns autores que discutem o assunto a partir da perspectiva africana e das teses do afrocentrismo e da afrocentricidade, como Théophile Obenga, Babacar Sall, Aboubacry Moussa Lam e Molefi Kete Asante. Dialogo também com as leituras que problematizam a questão da africanidade do Egito Antigo, mas sem seguir uma filiação afrocêntrica, a partir de autores como Elikia M’Bokolo e Ella Shohat. Por fim, como objetivo principal do ensaio, analisei um conjunto formado por três livros didáticos de História destinados ao ensino médio, aprovados no PNLD de 2018. A intenção foi perceber se os autores desses manuais compartilharam os olhares eurocentrados, marcados pela lógica moderna/colonial/racista sobre essa civilização antiga, ou se, em seus textos, enuncia-se uma crítica descentrada e atenta ao protagonismo histórico das sociedades africanas.
Alexandria e Roma: representações, dinâmicas e vicissitudes na esfera do poder ptolomaico
Authors: Clímaco Joana Campos
Published: February 2018

A expansão romana pelo Mediterrâneo Oriental foi um processo complexo, envolvendo diplomacia, alianças e conflitos com antigos reinos estabelecidos em uma região de enorme diversidade cultural e resultou na gradual absorção desses territórios sob o controle direto de Roma. O Egito ptolomaico foi o último grande reino helenístico conquistado e seu processo de anexação foi adiado em virtude de seu valor diferenciado para Roma, em vários aspectos. A literatura greco-romana pontua alguns momentos da vivência da dinastia ptolomaica, principalmente as ocasiões de contatos e tensões com Roma. A intenção desse artigo é avaliar como tais fontes representam a sucessão dos Ptolomeus, de forma a ressaltar o “caos” interno da dinastia, ao mesmo tempo em que justificariam a necessidade da instalação da “ordem” romana na região.
'Acta Proconsularia Cypriani': interditos, processos e “crime religioso” (257-258 E.C.)
Authors: Otero Uiara Barros
Published: February 2018

As Acta Proconsularia Cypriani reúnem elementos jurídicos de grande relevância para o estudo da regulação religiosa e dos mecanismos de repressão às práticas consideradas ilícitas pela lei e costumes romanos. Os documentos colocam em questão os processos criminais acionados para inquirir e punir os confessores cristãos, dentre eles o bispo Cipriano de Cartago, que foi condenado à pena capital, com a decapitação, pelo gládio (258 E.C.). Analisamos a relação estreita que existe entre legislação e religião na cultura romana, por meio das fontes do direito que foram publicadas pelo imperador Valeriano e que reprimiam o comportamento religioso considerado inapropriado. Examinamos a possibilidade da interpretação de “crime religioso” conferida aos cristãos confessores.