bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Spectrum of Angiomatous Granuloma and Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rithanya P  , Archana Santhanam  , Subhashree R
Published: September 2020

Angiomatous granuloma is a reactive tumour-like lesion commonly seen in the oral cavity. It generally occurs due to proliferation of capillary blood vessels. Whereas, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) refers to gingival enlargement, which is the current terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva and is a common feature of gingival diseases. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to analyse the clinical spectrum of angiomatous granuloma/ IFH in a private dental hospital. This study was carried out in a hospital setting (single centred study). The data of the study subjects was collected after a complete analysis of data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020. The data of the patients, including age, gender clinical diagnosis and histopathological reports, were collected and analysed using the Chi-square test to find the association between the clinical and histopathological reports in the study. In the present study, angiomatous granuloma(55%) had a higher prevalence compared to IFH (40%) with higher gender predilection among the female population (61.5%) and generally in the age group ranging from 20 to 40 years. (57.5%) [p value= 0.329] statistically not significant. Similarly, IFH was also found to be higher in the female population of about (38.4%), in the age groups between 20 to 50 years (41.3%). The knowledge of various clinical presentations and histopathological characteristics the lesion is necessary for proper identification and treatment planning.
Comparison of group function occlusion and canine guided occlusion among partially edentulous patient – A retrospective study
Authors: Thirumagal K  , Revathi Duraisamy  , Ravindra Kumar Jain
Published: September 2020

Group function occlusion, as well as Canine guided occlusion, are important in the field of . The study about the occlusion includes not only the static relationship of teeth, but it also includes the functional interrelationship and all the components of the system. The aim of the study is to compare group function occlusion and canine guided occlusion among partially patients. The study was conducted in the outpatient of Dental College and Hospital. The data was reviewed and from the total number of 86000 patients between June 2020. The data includes both group function occlusion and canine guided occlusion patients with a partially condition. Then the data was manually verified by 1-2 reviewers and finally tabulated, and SPSS imported and got the results. 522 Data was included in that males are 55.7% and females are 44% and 0.1% transgender. In that majority of them belong to the age group (31-40) yrs. The group function occlusion is 59.5%, and canine guided occlusion is 40.42%, This shows that Male predominant is seen with group function occlusion. Overall, the results showed that in partially conditions, the canine guided occlusion is more prevalent in male gender when it is compared with group function occlusion.
Development of Entrepreneurship Education Teaching Material Based on the National Resilience and Amare Culture
Authors: Sadewo Yosua Damas , Purnasari Pebria Dheni , Dimmera Bella Ghia
Published: September 2020

The development of teaching materials is important to create a learning process that suits the needs of STIM Shanti Bhuana. The Entrepreneurship Study Program of STIM Shanti Bhuana has not yet possessed teaching materials that represent the characteristics of the institution, i.e. national resilience and Amare culture. Therefore, needed the development of a valid teaching material that can improve students' learning outcomes, and has characteristics that can be used. Borg and Gall’s model of development is employed in this study which is summarized into three major steps to ease the study. The steps include the study of introduction, product development, and product validation. This study shows that this developed teaching material is valid. The result is obtained through the analysis upon the validation forms. From 9 validations, the score of 4.49 is obtained. The value means that the teaching material is appropriate and can be used. The analysis result on the learning mastery, after the students attend the classes integrating the teaching material, is 75%. Through the N-gain exam, it is known that there is an improvement between the pre-test and post-test with a value of 0.40. The percentage value of the improvement is 33.33%. The characteristics of the development of the National Resilience and Amare Culture-Based Entrepreneurship Education, based on the questionnaire, shows that the developed teaching material provides a good effect on the students. Through the measurement on the score from the questionnaire, it is gained the value of 83.8. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed teaching materials are valid, can improve students' learning outcomes, and are easily used by the students.
Factual Model of Internal Quality Assurance System of Private Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Mursidi Andi , Raharjo Tri Joko , Sugiyo Sugiyo , Yulianto Arief
Published: September 2020

Quality has increasingly become an important success determiner for higher education institutions. The education quality highly depends on the quality of all management systems run by the higher education institutions. This research aims at explaining the factual model and identifying the main factors influencing the implementation and development of quality assurance system of private higher education institutions in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Research and Development (R&D) method was used as the research methodology to develop the model. Data collection processes start by interviewing the stakeholders of internal quality assurance system at higher education institutions and then distributing questionnaires related to the implementation of internal quality assurance system at each higher education institution. The collected data was then analyzed and synthesized into the factual model. The obtained factual model consisted of three steps: planning, implementing, and evaluating the internal quality assurance. From this factual model, it is revealed that the implementation of internal quality assurance system of private higher education institutions in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia has not completely become a part of higher education institution accountability orienting on the higher education quality assurance, but more on the temporary purposes, such as higher education institution accreditation purposes.
PENERAPAN METODE DISKUSI BUZZ GROUP PADA KELAS XI IPS2 SMA NEGERI 1 WROSARI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019 UNTUK MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PENTINGNYA HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL BAGI INDONESIA
Authors: Lestari Tri
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang factor yang mempengaruhi kurangnya pencapaian dari kompetensi seperti, minat dan semangat siswa yang selalu kurang memperhatikan dalam proses pembelajaran,kurangnya perhatian dari orangtua, pengaruh lingkungan permainan, penyampaian guru yang monoton dan tidak menyenangkan yang menjadikan siswa minat, semangat  turun drastis, dengan denikian upaya yang harus dilakukan adalah  peran orang tua, pihak sekolah memberikan sosialisasi terhadap siswa mengenai sikap dan perilaku, guru merubah sistem penyampaian dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini harus dilaksanakan bersama baik dari internal dan eksternalnya. Dalam pembelajaran guru tidak cukup terfokus hanya pada satu  model dan metode tertentu saja. Guru perlu mencoba menerapkan berbagai model dan metode yang sesuai dengan tuntutan materi pembelajaran, termasuk dalam penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning dengan pendekatan Saintifik dan  metode diskusi Buzz Group, karena metode ini dapat meningkatkan kerja sama siswa dalam  memecahkan masalah baik individu maupun kelompok. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2019 di kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Wirosari dengan jumlah siswa laki-laki 15 orang dan perempuan 20  orang. Metode Penelitian adalah Tindakan Kelas dengan dua siklus penelitian yang masing-masing meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil belajar siswa pada prasiklus sebesar 69,28,5%. Dan setelah diterapkan diskusi buzz group pada pembelajaran siklus 1, peningktan mencapai 74,85 % dan di siklus 2 menjadi 85,28%. keaktivan belajar siswa berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa dimana pada prasiklus, siswa yang tuntas adalah  17 siswa (50%), pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 25 siswa (70%) dan Siklus 2 menjadi 33 siswa (95%).
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INSIDE CIRLE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA OLEH GURU GEOGRAFI SMA NEGERI 6 PONTIANAK TIMUR
Authors: Veriansyah Ivan , Prihadi Adhitya , Rosanti Rosanti
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengethaui pengaruh dari penerapan model pembelajaran inside outside circle pada pelajaran Geografi pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Pontianak. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X di SMA NEgeri 6 Pontianak yang terdiri dari 5 kelas. Sedangkan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa di kelas XB dan XE. Penelitian ini menggunakan  Quasi Experimental Design dengan rancangan penelitian two group post test only. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) nilai rata-rata siswa pada pelajaran geografi pada kelas control atau kelas yang tidak diterapkan metode inside outside circle adalah sebesar 67,6 dengan kategori “cukup”. 2) nilai rata-rata siswa pada pelajaran geografi pada kelas eksperimenatau kelas yang menerapkan metode inside outside circle adalah sebesar 70,6 dengan kategori “baik”. 3) Terdapat pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Inside Outside Circle terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran geografi kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Pontianak dengan nilai hasil uji u mannwhitneyAsymp Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,027 < 0,050.

 

Kata kunci :inside outside circle, hasil belajar

 
PENGARUH TAMBANG BATU BARA TERHADAP KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI (SMA N) 2 LOA JANAN KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Anwar Yaskinul , Padli Muhammad , Komariyah Laili
Published: September 2020

Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMA N) 2 Loa Janan meruapakan salah satu sekolah yang dekat dengan penambangan batu bara dengan jaraknya kurang dari 500 meter. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1). Untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak penambangan batu bara terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran di SMA N 2 Loa Janan, 2). Untuk mengetahui strategi pengurangan dampak penambangan batu bara terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran di SMA N 2 Loa Janan. Guna mengumpulkan data damapak tersebut dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada siswa dan juga wawancara kepada pihak sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner dan wawancara, penambangan batu bara ini, mengakibatkan lingkungan sekolah kurang kondusif untuk proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, karena banyaknya debu dari penambangan batu bara yang sampai disekolah, dan juga bau menyengat batu bara yang masih tercium sampai disekolah saat hembusan angin mengarah ke sekolah serta suara bising dari alat – alat tambang yang beroperasi. Kondisi ini membuat pihak sekolah harus ekstra melakukan membersihkan debu – debu dari penambangan batu bara baik dengan menambah petugas kebersihan serta mengaktifkan piket dan kegitan gotong royong kerja bakti pada setiap jumat untuk membersihkan lingkungan sekolah dari debu – debu tambang. Sedangkan untuk mengendalikan bau dan suara bising pihak sekolah hanya bias pasrah saja, karena belum bias mengatasi hal tersebut. Sehingga seringkali kegiatan proses belajar – mengajar kurang kondusif karena masih terganggu dengan bau batu bara yang cukup menyengat maupun suara bising dari peralatan penambangan batu bara.
Hukuk’ta Yapay Zeka: Çalışmalar ve Gelecek Öngörüleri
Authors: TURAN Tülay , KEMALOĞLU Nazan , KÜÇÜKSİLLE Ecir
Published: September 2020

Son yıllarda internet teknolojilerinin gelişmesi, bilgisayarların işlem gücünün artması ve bulut bilişim ile milyonlarca verinin depolanabilmesi sonucunda, yapay zeka çalışmalarının hızlı bir şekilde arttığı görülmektedir. Tıp, mühendislik, sağlık, savunma, ticaret, güvenlik gibi birçok alanda yapay zeka çalışmaları hayatımızı kolaylaştıran çözümler ile karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hukuk alanında elde edilen veriler üzerinde yapay zeka sistemleri ile çözümler bulmak ise yeni bir kavramdır. Hukuk verilerinin yapay zeka ile değerlendirilmesi, daha kısa sürede daha çok işlemin gerçekleşmesi ve rutin işlemlerin otomatikleştirilmesi olarak düşünülmelidir. Bu çalışmada günümüzde yapay zeka teknolojisinin yasal alandaki durumunu ve gelişimi incelenmektedir. Ayrıca gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalara öngörü sunularak, bu alanın gelişmesine katkıda bulunması hedeflenmektedir.
Modal Sosial Sebagai Strategi Pemulihan Pasca Gempa Di Desa Gondang Kecamatan Gangga Kabupaten Lombok Utara
Authors: Zullam Wen Farizi , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Komalasari Maya Atri
Published: September 2020

The study was entitled "Social Capital as a Post-Earthquake Recovery Strategy in Gondang Village, Gangga District, North Lombok Regency." The impact of the earthquake not only resulted in damage to infrastructure and, residential buildings, and other social facilities, but earthquakes also result in psychological conditions and underdevelopment of socio-economic life, which is caused by the paralysis of all sectors of the people's line of life. This research is a qualitative research which aims to explain and find social capital owned by the community in the post-disaster recovery process in Gondang village, Gangga District, North Lombok Regency. The focus of this research is to find and identify forms of social capital in the village of Gondang, then how the form of social capital is used as a post-earthquake recovery strategy. This study aims to identify the forms of social capital, and find out the form of social capital as a post-earthquake recovery strategy. This study uses the theory and concept of social capital from James S. Coleman who was born from his rational choice theory. This research also uses qualitative methods using case studies, and data and information collection techniques using in-depth interviews, field observations and documentation results that contain photos, videos and other documents obtained from various parties. Activities in data analysis are data reduction, data presentation, approval / verification, and credibility The results showed the form of social capital in Gondang Village community consisting of beliefs, networks and norms. Community trust in religion, trust in government, trust in volunteers, and trust in community members. The formed network is a network originating from inside and outside the community, inside network is a relation from P3A and KWT, and network from outside is a relation from ACT. As well as the values and norms that are still implemented by the community, namely dead gawe and live gawe, as well as the subak and loving system. While the form of social capital is the result of traditions or customs in the form of sangkep, ngibukang, and nembakuh. As well as values and norms in the form of strong community ties and solidarity, which are the result of the application of inherent traditions or customs.
Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Tentang Mekanisme Pasar Dan Penetapan Harga
Authors: Hidayatullah Indra
Published: September 2020

Market, country, individual and society have always been a hot topic of economic discussion. The market is one of the economic driver in a country that has an overall success can be seen from the market mechanism that carried out. The economic real good of the country is driven by market mechanisms that uphold freedom and justice. Hence, the market is free and impartial. The operation of a market will be determined by several factors such as price, demand and supply, distribution and specialization of workers. In case those factors run according to the rules in the country, the economy in the country will be stable certainly. The market is a natural mechanism for exchanging goods and services and it has been going on since the beginning of human changes. Islam places the market in an important position in the economy. The practices during the time of Rasulullah SAW and al-Khulafa> al-Ra>shidu>n showed a large market role. Rasulullah SAW really appreciated the price that was formed by the market as a fair price. In the history of economics world, several Islamic economies have emerged that raise scientific themes about market mechanisms, such as the thought of al-Ghazali. The book Ih}ya> ‘Ulu>m al-Di>n is one of his great works and one of the major works in the Islamic library. Although there are several other works of al-Ghazali in various fields of economics but the essence of his entire essay include his discussion of economics is the book Ih}ya> ‘Ulu>m al-Di>n. It provides features and characteristics of Islam in various sciences (moral, tas}awwuf, economic and other), be one source of economics. Al-Ghazali, an Islamic scholar has socio-economics thought, rooted in a concept called “the socioeconomic welfare function”. The concept based of all his works is the concept of mas}lah}ah or social welfare, which is the concept that covers all human activities and makes close relations between individual and society. Keywords: al-Ghazali thinking, market mechanism, price determination
Models for payment mechanisms for forest ecosystem services in Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Thailand
Authors: Kawasaki Jintana , Scheyvens Henry , Pagdee Adcharaporn , Predo Canesio D.
Published: September 2020

Forests of the Asia-Pacific region are being converted to other land uses or degraded because their ecosystem services have no market value. This project aimed to generate scientific knowledge on the design of effective payment systems for forest ecosystem services (PFES). The research was conducted at three sites where forests are facing increasing pressures: a community forest in Papua New Guinea, a sub-watershed forest in the Philippines, and a protected forest in Thailand. We identified ecosystem values, reviewed laws and institutions relevant to PFES implementation, assessed payment and pricing options, and proposed effective PFES models appropriate for each of the research sites. PFES schemes received positive responses from relevant sectors in all three sites. However, a lack of comprehensive understanding, especially on financing mechanisms and benefit distribution, may hinder PFES-project development. Capacity building of local governments and communities is needed to advance their action, that includes PFES mechanisms, effective forest management and sustainable agriculture.
Epic Worldview in L. N. Tolstoy’s Trilogy “Childhood”, “Boyhood”, “Youth”
Authors: Gorodilova Natalia Ivanovna
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to analysing L. N. Tolstoy’s autobiographical trilogy “Childhood”, “Boyhood”, “Youth” in the context of the formation of the epic leitmotif of his creative world. Scientific novelty of the research is determined by studying the trilogy as the writer’s first epic conception. The aim of the research is to analyse the means of implementing epic worldview and establish a connection between the trilogy and the author’s novelistic work. The attained results have shown that epic nature of the trilogy is contingent on magnitude of creative challenge (to depict different ages as life stages), choice of the protagonist and the type of conflict (a conscientious person, prone to have an analytical outlook on life, seeking the true meaning of life), with its resolution relying upon the protagonist’s progression from “I” towards the world.
A. S. Pushkin in R. Gamzatov’s Creative Work
Authors: Nabigulaeva Marjanat Nabigulaevna
Published: September 2020

The work aims to identify the role that A. S. Pushkin plays and the place that he takes in R. Gamzatov’s creative work, specifics of his relation to the great Russian poet, as well as to determine the degree and nature of influence and recreation of Pushkin’s image in creative work of the national poet of Dagestan. As a result of the study, it was found that Pushkin’s traditions and motifs are represented not only in R. Gamzatov’s literary work but also in his public activity. They manifest themselves in direct parallels to Pushkin’s poetic traditions and also in the form of quotes, expressions and associations related to the poet’s personality and writings. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first work attempting to consider Pushkin’s traditions and implementation of his image in R. Gamzatov’s creative work in a comprehensive manner. For the first time, materials from R. Gamzatov’s epistolary (the 1948 letter from Moscow), publicistic (speeches), poetic (poems “The Monument”, “To Irakly Andronikov”) heritage, making for the most prominent illustrations of creative connection between him and A. S. Pushkin, are introduced into scientific use.
The Azerbaijani-Tatar Literary and Cultural Relations at the Beginning of the XX Century (by the Example of Scenic Literature and Theatre Art)
Authors: Sharipova Alsu Samigullovna
Published: September 2020

The paper aims to identify specificity of the Azerbaijani-Tatar literary and cultural relations at the beginning of the XX century. The study focuses on the sphere of scenic literature and theatre art. Scientific originality of the research is conditioned by the fact that this problem has not been previously investigated; there is a lack of scientific works devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the Azerbaijani-Tatar cultural interaction in the initial period of the Tatar dramaturgy and theatre. The following conclusions are justified: joint creative activity of the Tatar and Azerbaijani troupes in 1908, numerous productions of the Azerbaijani plays at the Tatar theatres in the pre-revolutionary period, close cooperation of the Tatar and Azerbaijani cultural figures ensured rapprochement of the two Turkic cultures, had a significant impact on the development of the Tatar theatre and dramaturgy at the beginning of the XX century.
Defining the “Genre” Notion (Main Approaches, Issues and Prospects): Systematic Review
Authors: Nikonova Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: September 2020

The systematic review aims to demonstrate to the reader that the existing viewpoints on the “genre” notion cannot be considered universal and make recommendations on further conduction of research taking into account modern tendencies in the field of genre studies. The work details various developmental paths of the Russian and foreign genre studies. The present lack of a universal nomenclature system in this branch of linguistics, complicated by divergence between the Russian and foreign theories of speech genres, as well as a great number of “unresolved” issues make the topic relevant. Scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying shortcomings of approaches to considering the “genre” notion and in detecting the emerging trends in this field. The attained results have proved that it is essential to see the genre as a multifaceted category and make an attempt to combine the existing approaches in order to resolve fundamental issues of genre studies.
The Even Geographical Terms in Toponymy of the Kolyma River Basin
Authors: Bagdaryyn Nurgun Sulba uola
Published: September 2020

The article aims to study local geographical terms of the Even origin in toponymy of the Kolyma river basin taking into account interaction of related and non-related languages. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the author for the first time provides a linguistic analysis of the Kolyma basin toponyms and local geographical terms of the Even origin obtained by continuous sampling and considered as valuable toponymic material. The research findings are as follows: the author reveals the process of the Even geographical terms toponymization in the Even residential areas and identifies phonetic, morphological, lexical peculiarities of the Kolyma basin toponymic space. The research findings can be used when studying toponymy of North-Eastern Yakutia, when compiling a “Toponymic Dictionary”.
Connotative Features of a Person Naming in the American Prison Slang
Authors: Vorobyova Yelena Nikolayevna , Trifanova Svetlana Sergeevna
Published: September 2020

The article aims to identify connotative features of a person naming in the American prison slang taking into account emotional, evaluative and stylistic components of their semantics, which create an expressive effect. Scientific novelty of the research lies in analysing, for the first time, connotative semantics of a person naming in prison slang of the American language areal. The results of the study have shown that the stylistic component of the slang naming meaning determines emotional-evaluative colouring, which can significantly modify the logical-thematic content of a word. It is highlighted that emotional-evaluative and expressive components of a lexeme meaning are primarily realised through figurative semantic reinterpretation.
Subjective Structure of Travel Texts: Attempt of Analysing Sentimental Journeys of the End of the XVIII - the Beginning of the XIX Century
Authors: Kublitskaya Ol'ga Viktorovna
Published: September 2020

The paper aims to examine narrative instances and corresponding elements of the subjective structure of sentimental journeys of the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century (works of the Karamzinists V. V. Izmailov, P. I. Sumarokov, P. I. Shalikov). Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher for the first time provides a narratological analysis of the Russian sentimental prose, which has not been previously investigated from this viewpoint. The research findings are as follows: relying on the narrative instances conception, the researcher clarifies specificity of subjective structure of sentimental journeys and shows how practices of their verbal self-presentation influenced development of the travel prose.
Genre Features of Lyrical Travel Cycle (by the Material of E. Shvarts’s Creative Work)
Authors: Samoylenko Viktoria Alexandrovna
Published: September 2020

The study aims to analyse genre features of a lyrical travel cycle in the modern Russian poetry using creative work of E. Shvarts as an example. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that nature of travelling representation and the image of a traveller who follows a particular itinerary are considered in E. Shvarts’s poetry for the first time. The attained results have shown that genre forms of a lyrical travel cycle provide an opportunity to depict in detail not only the image of a particular country, convey its cultural atmosphere and geographic features but also present inner experience of a lyrical hero, portray his world outlook as a single artistic system. It is found that E. Shvarts’s lyrical travel cycles demonstrate genre synthesis of the features belonging to a travel cycle and a philosophical cycle.
Characterization of children submitted to cardiac surgery that developed surgical site infection
Authors: Silva Aurilene Lima da , Pontes Ticiana Bezerra Castro , Farias Maria Sinara , Filha Maria José Matias Muniz , Alexandre Solange Gurgel , Ribeiro Silvânia
Published: September 2020

Objective: Characterize the clinical and surgical profile of children undergoing cardiac surgery who developed surgical site infection in a public hospital in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Methods: Descriptive research with a quantitative approach, developed in a pediatric cardiology unit, with data collected from April to June 2018. The study sample consisted of 26 children with surgical wound infection in the year 2017. Results: There were none gender prevalence; the weight range varied from 3 to 6 kg (42.3%) and neonates had a prevalence of 38%. Corrective surgeries represented 88% of the total; the surgical time varied from 2 to 6 hours (38%); 70% of the children were submitted to cardiopulmonary bypass with the predominant time of 90 to 120 minutes (27%); the diagnosis of infection was made between 4 and 6 days after the procedure. There was prophylactic antibiotic coverage in 88% and skin preparation in 92% of children. Conclusion: Characterizing the clinical-surgical profile of children undergoing cardiac surgery becomes essential for decision-making in the care processes of nurses, emphasizing the findings as a basis for the development of strategies for the prevention of surgical site infection in this clientele.
PENGUATAN SIKAP BELA NEGARA SISWA DALAM MENANGKAL RADIKALISME
Authors: Suwandoko Suwandoko , Yasnanto Yasnanto , Widiyanto Delfiyan
Published: September 2020

Bela negara merupakan hak dan kewajiban setiap warga negara.  Upaya penguatan sikap bela negara dapat dilakukan di sekolah yang merupakan wahana pendidikan bagi generasi muda bangsa untuk membentuk sikap bela negara  dengan penanaman nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam menangkal adanya paham radikalisme. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganilis urgensi sikap bela Negara dan menganalisis penguatan sikap bela negara siswa dalam menangkal radikalisme. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa urgensi sikap bela negara yang ditinjau dari aspek filosofis, sosiologis dan yuridis. Penguatan sikap bela negara siswa dalam menangkal radikalisme yang didalamnya terbentuk hubungan sinergi antara kepala sekolah dengan guru dan pembina pramuka melalui pendidikan kewarganegaraan dan pendidikan pramuka. Sehingga mampu siswa mampu menerapkan nilai-nilai luhur pada Pancasila yang mampu menangkal adanya paham radikalisme.
Performance-Based Funding in American Higher Education: A Systematic Synthesis of the Intended and Unintended Consequences
Authors: Ortagus Justin C. , Kelchen Robert , Rosinger Kelly , Voorhees Nicholas
Published: September 2020

This systematic synthesis examines the intended and unintended consequences of performance-based funding (PBF) policies in higher education. Within this synthesis, we focus particularly on evidence from research studies with strong causal inference designs in an effort to understand the impacts of these policies. PBF adoption is generally associated with null or modest positive effects on the intended outcomes of retention and graduation, but there is also compelling evidence that PBF policies lead to unintended outcomes related to restricting access, gaming of the PBF system, and disadvantages for underserved student groups and under-resourced institution types. PBF policies including equity provisions for colleges that enroll or graduate underserved student groups have been found to offset some of these unintended consequences. Based on this synthesis, we offer policy recommendations and directions for future research on PBF policies, including the need to consider variation in policy design and the broader state policy context.
A way to break bones? The weight of intuitiveness
Authors: Vettese Delphine , Trajanka Stavrova , Borel Antony , Marin Juan , Moncel Marie-Hélène , Arzarello Marta , Daujead Camille
Published: September 2020

During the Middle Paleolithic period, bone marrow extraction was an essential source of fat nutrients for hunter-gatherers especially throughout cold and dry seasons. This is attested by the recurrent findings of percussion marks in osteological material from anthropized archaeological levels. Among them some showed indicators that the marrow extraction process was part of a butchery cultural practice, meaning that the inflicted fracturing gestures and techniques were recurrent, standardized and counter-intuitive i.e. culturally influenced. In order to assess the weight of the counter-intuitive factor in the percussion mark pattern distribution, we carried out an experiment that by contrast focuses on the intuitive approach of fracturing bones to extract marrow, involving individual without experience in this activity. We wanted to evaluate the influence of bone morphology and the individuals’ behaviour on the distribution of percussion marks. Twelve experimenters broke120 limb bones, a series of 10 bones per individual. During the experiment, information concerning the fracture of the bones as well as individual behaviour was collected and was subsequently compared to data from the laboratory study of the remains. Then, we applied an innovative GIS (Geographic Information System) method to analyze the distribution of percussion marks to highlight recurrent patterns. Results show that in spite of all the variables there is a high similarity in the distribution of percussion marks which we consider as intuitive patterns. The factor influenced the distribution for the humerus, radius-ulna and tibia series is the bone morphology, while for the femur series individual behaviour seems to have more weight in the distribution. To go further in the subject we need to compare the intuitive models with the distributions of percussion marks registered in fossil assemblages. Thus, it would be possible to propose new hypotheses on butchering practices based on the results presented in this work.
Meta-Analysis with Robust Variance Estimation: Expanding the Range of Working Models
Authors: Pustejovsky James E , Tipton Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

In prevention science and related fields, large meta-analyses are common, and these analyses often involve dependent effect size estimates. Robust variance estimation (RVE) methods provide a way to include all dependent effect sizes in a single meta-regression model, even when the exact form of the dependence is unknown. RVE uses a working model of the dependence structure, but the two currently available working models are limited to each describing a single type of dependence. Drawing on flexible tools from multilevel and multivariate meta-analysis, this paper describes an expanded range of working models, along with accompanying estimation methods, which offer potential benefits in terms of better capturing the types of data structures that occur in practice and, under some circumstances, improving the efficiency of meta-regression estimates. We describe how the methods can be implemented using existing software (the ‘metafor’ and ‘clubSandwich’ packages for R), illustrate the proposed approach in a meta-analysis of randomized trials on the effects of brief alcohol interventions for adolescents and young adults, and report findings from a simulation study evaluating the performance of the new methods.
Knowledge Transfer from Map to DNN: Use of Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Augmenting Visual Robot Self-localization System
Authors: takeda koji , tanaka kanji
Published: September 2020

Graph-based scene model has been receiving increasing attention as a flexible and descriptive scene model for visual robot self-localization. In a typical self-localization application, objects, object features, and object relationship in an environment map are described respectively by nodes, node features, and edges in a scene graph, which are then matched against a query scene graph by a graph matching engine. However, its overhead for computation, storage, and communication, is proportional to the number and feature dimensionality of graph nodes, and can be significant in large-scale applications. In this study, we observe that graph-convolutional neural network (GCN) has a potential to become an efficient tool to train and predict with a graph matching engine. However, it is non-trivial to translate a given visual feature to a proper graph feature that contributes to good self-localization performance. To address this issue, we introduce a new knowledge transfer (KT) framework, which introduces an arbitrary self-localization model as a teacher to train the student, GCN-based self-localization system. Our KT framework enables lightweight storage/communication by using compact teacher's output signals as training data. Results on RobotCar datasets show that the proposed method outperforms existing comparing methods as well as the teacher self-localization system.
Partially overlapping neural correlates of metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control
Authors: Boldt Annika , Gilbert Sam
Published: September 2020

Metacognition describes the process of monitoring one’s own mental states, often for the purpose of cognitive control. Previous research has investigated how metacognitive signals are generated (metacognitive monitoring), for example when people (both f/m) judge their confidence in their decisions and memories. Research has also investigated how metacognitive signals are used to influence behavior (metacognitive control), for example setting a reminder (i.e. cognitive offloading) for something you are not confident you will remember. However, the mapping between metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control needs further study on a neural level. We used fMRI to investigate a delayed-intentions task with a reminder element, allowing human participants to use their metacognitive insight to engage metacognitive control. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we found that we could separately decode both monitoring and control, and, to a lesser extent, cross-classify between them. Therefore, brain patterns associated with monitoring and control are partially, but not fully, overlapping.
Sleep and affect in adolescents: bi-directional daily associations over 28 days’ ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Shen Lin , Wiley Joshua F. , Bei Bei
Published: September 2020

Study Objectives: To examine bi-directional, temporal associations between daily sleep and affect under naturally constrained (school) and unconstrained (vacation) sleep opportunities, while simultaneously incorporating both valence (positive versus negative) and arousal (high versus low) dimensions of affect. Methods: Sleep and affect were measured over 2 weeks of school and 2 weeks of vacation in 205 adolescents (54.1% females, Mage=16.9 years), providing 5231 days of data. Total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency were measured using actigraphy and sleep diary. High- and low-arousal positive and negative affect (PA, NA) were self-reported each afternoon. Between- and within-person sleep-affect associations were tested using cross-lagged, multilevel models. Lagged outcome, day of the week, study day, and sociodemographics were controlled.Results: Bi-directional associations between self-report sleep and affect were found on the between-person level: longer self-report TST associated with lower high and low arousal NA. Higher high arousal PA associated with longer actigraphy TST between-persons, but predicted shorter same-night actigraphy TST within-persons. Results did not differ between school and vacation. Significant within-person random effects demonstrate individual differences in daily sleep-affect associations. Conclusions: Associations differed based on sleep measurement and affect dimensions, highlighting the complex relationship between sleep and affect. Strong between-person associations between self-report sleep and affect suggest that improving either sleep or mood may benefit the other. Although overall high arousal PA was protective of sleep duration, on a day-to-day basis, higher-than-usual high arousal PA may reduce sleep duration on nights it is experienced. Further research needs to identify causes of individual differences in sleep-affect associations.
Comparison of Recent Acceleration Techniques for the EM algorithm in One- and Two-Parameter Logistic IRT models
Authors: Beisemann Marie , Wartlick Ortrud , Doebler Philipp
Published: September 2020

The Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm is an important numerical method for maximum likelihood estimation in incomplete-data problems. However, convergence of the EM algorithm can be slow, and for this reason, many EM acceleration techniques have been proposed. After a review of acceleration techniques in a unified notation with illustrations, three recently proposed EM acceleration techniques are compared in detail: quasi-Newton methods (QN) (Zhou et al., 2011), "squared" iterative methods (SQUAREM) (Varadhan & Roland, 2004; Roland et al., 2007; Varadhan & Roland, 2008) and parabolic EM (PEM) (Berlinet & Roland, 2009). These acceleration techniques are applied to marginal maximum likelihood estimation with the EM algorithm in one- and two-parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) models for binary data, and their performance is compared. QN and SQUAREM methods accelerate convergence of EM algorithm for the two parameter logistic model significantly in high-dimensional data problems. Compared to standard EM, all three methods reduce the number of iterations, but increase the number of total marginal log-likelihood evaluations per iteration. Efficient approximations of the marginal log-likelihood are hence an important part ofimplementations.
The Continuity of Context: A Role for the Hippocampus
Authors: Maurer Andrew , Nadel Lynn
Published: September 2020

Tracking moment-to-moment change in input, and detecting change sufficient to require altering behavior is crucial to survival. We discuss how the brain evaluates change over time, focusing on hippocampus and its role in tracking context. We leverage the anatomy and physiology of the hippocampal longitudinal axis, re-entrant loops, and amorphous networks, to account for stimulus equivalence and the updating of an organism’s sense of its context. Place cells play a central role in tracking contextual continuities and discontinuities across multiple scales, a capacity beyond current models of pattern separation and completion. This perspective highlights the critical role of the hippocampus in both spatial cognition and episodic memory: tracking change and detecting boundaries separating one context, or episode, from another.
You Can’t Always Get What You Want and It Hurts: Learning During the Pandemic
Authors: Gurung Regan A. R. , Stone Arianna
Published: September 2020

Colleges and universities around the world switched to remote teaching in early 2020. In this study we assessed the experiences of students who experienced different operationalizations of remote teaching during the first full term of instruction during the COVID pandemic. Students (N = 649) in 11 sections of Introductory Psychology participated in an online assessment of their learning after completing their final exam. We examined the level of alignment between student preferences (e.g., for synchronous lectures) with the format of the classes they were in (e.g., featuring synchronous lectures) and used this measure of fit (aligned, misaligned, no preference) and students’ modality based self-efficacy as predictors of learning. Self-efficacy predicted final exam scores and students’ ratings of the skills learned, value of science, student learning outcomes, class behaviors, and attitudes toward their class. Fit predicted differences in attitude and class related behaviors (e.g., studying). Self-efficacy also predicted the extent to which students changed their learning behaviors during the pandemic. Our results provide educators with key ways to prepare for additional remote teaching.
राष्ट्रकवि घिमिरेको ‘अश्वत्थामा’ गीतिनाटकमा अलङ्कार–सौन्दर्य Rashtrakavi Ghimireko 'Ashwatthama' Geetinatakma Alankar-saundarya
Authors: कोइराला Koirala गुरुप्रसाद Guruprasad
Published: September 2020

राष्ट्रकवि माधव घिमिरे नेपाली साहित्य परम्परामा सुपरिचित काव्यस्रष्टा हुन् । कवि घिमिरे पौरस्त्य शास्त्रीय छन्दमा मात्र नभएर नेपाली लोकछन्दमा समेत काव्य सिर्जना गर्न उत्तिकै सिद्धहस्त छन् । कवि भावप्रधान कवितामा पनि कलापक्षप्रति सचेत देखिन्छन् । यिनका कविताको कलापक्ष पौरस्त्य साहित्यशास्त्रबाट निर्देशित रहेको पाइन्छ । काव्यका विभिन्न प्रकारमा कलम चलाउने घिमिरे विशेषतः खण्डकाव्य र गीतिनाटक क्षेत्रमा बढी क्रियाशील देखिन्छन् । सामाजिक, ऐतिहासिक र पौराणिक कथावस्तुमा आधारित यिनका गीतिनाटकमा लोकलय र वर्णमात्रिक अनुष्टुप् छन्दको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ । गीतिनाटक मध्ये पौराणिक पात्रलाई वर्तमान युगसापेक्ष बनाएर प्रस्तुत गरिएको अश्वत्थामा गीतिनाटक नेपालबाट नोवल पुरस्कारका लागि छनौटमा परेको उत्कृष्ट कृति हो । अश्वत्थामाको महाभारतकालीन पौराणिक मिथकलाई यस कृतिको विषयवस्तु बनाइएको छ । अश्वत्थामा सम्बन्धी आफ्नो बाल्यकालीन सम्झना, दन्त्यकथा र लोकविश्वासलाई आधार बनाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको अश्वत्थामाको दुःखद् र अशान्त चरित्रका माध्यमबाट हिंसातर्फ उन्मुख अहिलेको विश्वलाई हिंसाको परिणाम भयानक हुने तथ्य प्रस्तुत गरी शान्तिको बाटो देखाउने प्रयास गरिएको छ । काव्यको उच्च उद्देश्य र गम्भीर भावलाई उपमादि अलङ्कारहरूले अझ बढी सम्प्रेष्य बनाएका छन् । अलङ्कारको सामान्य अर्थ सजाउने साधन हो । लोकव्यवहारमा सचेत मानिसले आफ्नो शरीर वा आफूले प्रयोग गर्ने वस्तुलाई आकर्षक र ग्राह्य बनाउन गरगहना आदिले सजाउने गर्दछन्, त्यस्तै काव्यलाई पनि रमणीय र ग्राह्य बनाउन प्रतिभावान् काव्यसर्जकहरू उपमादि अलङ्कारमा चासो राख्दछन् । पौरस्त्य काव्यपरम्परामा अलङ्कार बौद्धिकता प्रदर्शनको माध्यम बन्न थालेपछि भाव अप्रधान हुन गई काव्यबाट वास्तविक प्रयोजन सिद्ध नहुने महसुस गरेर काव्यशास्त्रीहरूले काव्यमा अलङ्कार–विधानलाई केही नियमन गरेको पाइन्छ । उनीहरूका विचारमा काव्य भावप्रधान हुन्छ, अलङ्कारहरू भावसँग मैत्री सम्बन्धले सहज रूपमा समावेश भए मात्र काव्य–सौन्दर्य बढाउन सक्छन्, अतः पृथक् प्रयत्नविना सहज रूपमा समाविष्ट अलङ्कार मात्र सत् काव्यका लागि स्वीकार्य हुन्छन् । अश्वत्थामा कृतिका गीतिनाटककार कवि घिमिरेले यही मान्यतालाई आत्मसात् गरेको पाइन्छ । यस काव्यमा सुशोभित अलङ्कारहरूले भावलाई आच्छादन गरेर कविको वाक्विलास प्रदर्शन नगरी तिनको सहज उपस्थितिले भावलाई सुबोध्य बनाउन सहयोग पु¥याएका छन् । युद्धले सन्त्रस्त विश्वलाई शान्तिको मार्ग देखाउने उद्देश्य राखी रचना गरिएको अश्वत्थामा गीतिनाटकमा रौद्र, वीर, करुण, शान्त रसको प्रयोग भएको छ । यिनै रसलाई बढी आस्वाद्य बनाउन काव्यमा अनुृप्रासादि शब्दालङ्कार र उपमा, उत्प्रेक्षा, रूपक, अर्थान्तरन्यास, अतिशयोक्ति, जस्ता अर्थालङ्कारको उपस्थिति रहेको पाइन्छ । यिनै अलङ्कारहरूले सिर्जना गरेको काव्यसौन्दर्यको अनुशीलन नै यस लेखको विषयवस्तु बनेको छ ।
नेपाली कवितामा समकालीनता : एक विमर्श Nepali Kabitama Samakalinata: Ek Bimarsha
Authors: विद्रोही Bidrohee राजेश Rajesh
Published: September 2020

यस आलेखमा नेपाली कवितामा समकालीनताबारे विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन गरिएको छ । नेपाली कवितामा समकालीनताबारे व्यक्त विभिन्न तर्क र धारणाहरूको विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन गरी निष्कर्षमा पुग्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ । अहिलेसम्म विश्वविद्यालयको पठनपाठन तथा प्राज्ञिक विमर्शहरूमा २०३० को दशकलाई नै नेपाली कवितामा समकालीनताको आरम्भ विन्दु मान्ने गरिए पनि यो अवधारणा अब उचित नहुने यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष छ । साहित्यमा दुई–अढाइ दशकको समयखण्डलाई समकालीन भन्न सकिने सामान्य सिद्धान्त र नेपाली कविताका प्रवृत्तिगत आधारमा पनि अब २०३० को दशकलाई समकालीन नेपाली कविताको आरम्भ विन्दु मान्न नहुने यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष छ । वि.सं. २०५२ मा सुरु भएको माओवादी सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वपछि विकसित सामाजिक–राजनीतिक परिवेशमा लेखिएका कविताहरूको प्रवृत्तिगत अध्ययन र विश्लेषणबाट २०५२ साल नै समकालीन नेपाली कविताको आरम्भ विन्दु भएको निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ ।
Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong Hasil Inseminasi Buatan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan
Authors: Budi Sakti Anto Dohar , Hasnudi Hasnudi , Kardhinata E. Harso , Hasibuan Syahbudin
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the difference of income of artificial insemination and non artificial insemination beef cattle ranchers, and also to know the influence of cow number, feed price, medic price, labor wage, artificial insemination cost, depreciation cost and equipment cost to beef cattle farmer income. The data used are primary data, the sample are 99 respondents of beef cattle ranchers in South Tapanuli Regency. This research used test of mean and doubled linear regression at significance level 95%. This study has shown that independent variables together and partially affect the dependent variable. The result of hypothesis test proves for artificial insemination breeder that the variable of cow number, feed price and artificial insemination cost have positive effect, drug price variable, labor wage, depreciation cost and equipment cost have negative effect to beef cattle rancher income. Meanwhile, for non-artificial insemination farmers that the variable of cattle, feed price and labor wage have positive effect, drug price variable, depreciation cost and equipment cost negate to beef cattle farmer income