bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal analysis conditions for sperm motility parameters with a CASA system in a passerine bird, Passer montanus
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhang Yingmei , Ding Jian , Ai Shiwei , Guo Rui , Bai Xiaojuan , Yang Wenzhi
Published: September 2019

Background

Sperm motility parameters, which can be measured objectively and repeatedly by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, are important indicators of sperm quality. However, the sperm motility parameters assessed by a CASA system can be affected by various factors, including instrument components and settings, sperm preparation or analysis procedures. To date, no standardized protocol is available that would permit to assess sperm kinetic characteristics in passerine birds and this lack precludes any comparison of sperm swimming ability and sperm quality across species.

Methods

In this study, we chose the Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) as the object to evaluate sperm motility parameters, including sperm motility, sperm velocity and sperm movement trajectory, at different analysis time, temperatures and pH using the WLJY-9000 CASA system.

Results

Sperm motility parameters remained statistically unchanged at 1‒9 min. Progressive motility was similar at 38 °C and 40 °C, but a greater percentage of slow progressive sperm was detected at 38 °C compared to 40 °C and 42 °C. Additionally, progressive motility was lower and immotility was higher at 42 °C than 38 °C and/or 40 °C (close to the body temperature of the Tree Sparrow). The percentages of rapid progressive sperm, progressive sperm and immotile sperm were statistically similar at pH 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 with the exception of lower percentage of progressive sperm at pH 7.0 compared to pH 7.5. In addition, slower sperm velocity and worse sperm movement trajectory were found at pH 6.0 and 9.0 than those at pH 8.0, 7.5 or 7.0.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that the ideal conditions for sperm motility parameters assessment in Tree Sparrow are obtained between 1 and 9 min after dilution, an environment at body temperature (40 °C) and a pH around 7.5‒8.0. The results of this study provide a reference for the evaluation of sperm characteristics and sperm quality using a CASA system in passerine birds.
Intractable hyperkalemia caused by hepatic infarction developed during laparoscopic gastrectomy in a patient with end-stage renal failure: a case report
Authors: Takeyama Eriko , Nishimura Nobuyuki , Amano Eizo , Shibuya Hiromi
Published: September 2019

Background

Patients with renal failure are susceptible to electrolyte disturbances including life-threatening hyperkalemia, and intraoperative hepatic damage exacerbates it. We report a case on hemodialysis who developed intraoperative remarkable hyperkalemia caused by hepatic damage during laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Case presentation

A 48-year-old man underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. He had been on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Serum K+ continued to increase to a maximum level of 7.4 mEq/L, despite the infusion of glucose with insulin during surgery. Postoperative computed tomography revealed hepatic infarction. Combined with increased hepatic enzymes, hepatic infarction caused by intraoperative mechanical traction would have exacerbated hyperkalemia.

Conclusions

We report a case on hemodialysis who developed intraoperative hyperkalemia due to hepatic damage. Our case highlights hepatic damage during laparoscopic gastrectomy as a potential cause of hyperkalemia.
Multi-slice CT coronary angiography assessment of remodeling index in patients with low- to intermediate-risk stable angina
Authors: Mostafa Shaimaa A. , Aboelazem Tarek , Sanad Osama , Abdelghafar Haytham , Azam Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Background

Early identification of vulnerable plaques by remodeling index prior to rupture and development of acute event is of considerable importance especially by a reliable non-invasive method as CT coronary angiography (CTA), so we aim to evaluate coronary artery remodeling index in patients with low- to intermediate-risk stable angina by CTA.

Results

This single-center, cross-sectional, observational study included 150 patients with stable angina with normal resting ECG, negative markers, normal systolic function by 2D echocardiography (EF > 50%), and without regional wall motion abnormality at rest who were referred to MSCT evaluation of the coronary artery tree; the mean age was 56.8 ± 6.4 years, 83.3% had one-vessel disease, and 16.7% had two-vessel diseases. The mean remodeling index (RI) was 1.04 ± 0.28, 38% had significant positive remodeling, LAD was the most affected vessel (55.3), and proximal lesions were predominant in 48.5%; there was a statistically significant positive correlation between RI and cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, duration of DM, HBA1c, and plaque burden (P < 0.001) and a statistically significant negative correlation with HDL (P < 0.001). Predictors of higher RI were positive family history, diabetes mellitus, low HDL, HBA1c, and plaque burden% (P < 0.001). Patients with remodeling index > 1.1 were diabetic, hypertensive, smoker, with longer duration of diabetes mellitus, higher HBA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, plaque burden, wall lumen ratio, stenosis area, and lower HDL.

Conclusion

CTA was able to detect the presence and extent of early, non-obstructive but significant coronary artery-positive remodeling in patients with low- to intermediate-risk stable angina patients.

Trial registration

NCT03963609, 22 May 2019
Dangerous Fiction and Obscene Images
Authors: Sun Liying , Hockx Michel
Published: September 2019

The magazine Meiyu 眉語 (Eyebrow Talk), published from 1914 to 1916 and edited by Gao Jianhua 高劍華, was China's first literary magazine edited by a woman and targeted at a female audience. It was also the first modern magazine to pay extensive attention to nudity and to physical and romantic intimacy through at times carefully considered juxtapositions of texts and images. In addition, it was the first Chinese magazine to be banned on the basis of obscenity legislation introduced during the early Republic. The committee that banned Meiyu was led by Zhou Shuren 周樹人, who later became known as the author Lu Xun 魯迅, and his disparaging reminiscence about Meiyu caused the magazine to be all but forgotten for nearly a century. In this article, the authors use a wide variety of archival material to reconstruct the complex publishing history of the magazine, as well as the processes and cultural standards involved in its banning. This is followed by a close analysis of aspects of the contents of Meiyu, especially the interaction between texts and images in the representation of nudity, intimacy, and coupledom.
Misfit
Authors: van Crevel Maghiel
Published: September 2019

Battlers poetry (dagong shige 打工詩歌), a genre whose name has mostly been rendered in English as “migrant worker poetry” to date, presents an important development in Chinese literature since the 2000s. Written by members of a new precariat that plays a key role in China's economic growth, this poetry speaks to the plight of its constituency. Xu Lizhi 許立志 (1990–2014) is one of its best-known authors, whose rise to fame was triggered if not caused by his suicide. While it is impossible to conduct a real discussion of Xu's work without referring to his suicide and the story of the migrant workers, his status as a figurehead of battlers poetry at large raises questions because what he wrote is arguably not very representative of the genre at all. These observations lead to a discussion of the way battlers poetry has been framed in Chinese critical discourse, where it is often said to have high social significance but low aesthetic value. This convenient dyad is unsatisfying in that it simplifies the text's relation to reality—which is more highly charged for battlers poetry than for many other literary genres.
Utopian Dream and Dark Consciousness
Authors: Wang David Der-wei
Published: September 2019

This article seeks to analyze the contested conditions of modern and contemporary Chinese utopia, as a political treatise, a literary genre, and a social imaginary. It takes a historical perspective from which to describe the rise of utopia in the late Qing era and ponders the contradictions and confluences of its narrative and intellectual paradigms. It proposes that we engage with “dark consciousness,” an idea that deals with the polemics of crisis and contingency ingrained in Chinese thought, in light of modern Chinese literary sources. The last part turns to the scene of the new millennium, observing the dystopian and heterotopian inclinations in fictional practice as opposed to the utopian aspiration in political discourse.
Names Deeply Chiseled
Authors: Yeh Michelle
Published: September 2019

This article provides the first comprehensive study of the use of ancient Greek and Roman allusions and motifs in the poetry of Yang Mu. By focusing on representative works from Yang's oeuvre, the study sheds light on how the poet's appropriations of Greco-Roman materials are a powerful and creative expression of his poetics as a whole. Going beyond the traditional model of influence study, the article proposes a theoretical framework of cross-cultural intertextuality, creative rewriting, and cultural translation.
Ways of Seeing China through Isaac Julien's Ten Thousand Waves
Authors: Zhang Yingjin
Published: September 2019

This article examines ways of seeing China in Isaac Julien's nine-screen film installation Ten Thousand Waves (2010), which represents a migratory aesthetic based on evocative translocality and mobile spectatorship. As Julien reconstructs the legend of compassionate Mazu (played by Maggie Cheung) and memories of Old and New Shanghai (both enacted by Zhao Tao), his screen images and sounds enter a constant circulation and form an intriguing multidirectional dialogue across a variety of media and genres: cinema, art photography, calligraphy, painting, poetry, and star performance. In addition to evaluating new concepts and new techniques at work in the cross-fertilization of cinema and other visual media in the new millennium, this article complicates Julien's celebrated political poetics by highlighting his problematic reception by ethnic Chinese spectators and by reckoning with the specter of orientalism that refuses to go away despite his previously audacious repudiation of stereotypes and clichés and his professed engagement with cosmopolitanism and globalization.
Individual Solubilization Behavior of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) in Water and Its Analyses Using Regression Approach and Computational Simulations
Authors: Toshimitsu Fumiyuki , Ishimaru Wataru , Nakashima Naotoshi
Published: September 2019

Flavin analogues are dispersants of carbon nanotubes. We report the finding that riboflavin, which is a nutrient that is much less expensive than a flavin mononucleotide, is a good SWNT dispersant in water. We carried out a temperature dependence test of the solubilization of SWNTs, and propose a possible solubilization mechanism based on a regression analysis. We assume that the linear and lognormal components for the solubilized SWNTs can be explained by nonspecific and specific interactions between the riboflavin and the SWNTs, respectively. We also carried out computational calculations (molecular dynamics simulations) on this SWNT solubilization by which we proposed a suitable complex structure of the SWNT that provided the number of adsorbed flavin molecules via hydrogen bonding on the tubes.
Análise Bibliométrica do Panorama de Publicações sobre Métodos, Modelos, Processos e Sistemas de Gestão da Performance Organizacional
Authors: Ferreira Juliana Duarte , Wagner Adriano
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo delinear um panorama da produção científica sobre gestão de performance, para analisar métodos, modelos, processos e sistemas. Utilizou-se a análise bibliométrica como método de pesquisa. Os dados foram extraídos da base de dados denominada Web of Science. Os resultados apontam que os anos com mais publicações são 2009 e 2013, e que não há autores que concentram um expressivo número de publicações, existe, sim, uma distribuição quase igualitária entre as universidades cujos autores mais estudaram o assunto. Estados Unidos, Inglaterra e Bélgica são os países em que houve maior quantidade de publicação dos artigos. O periódico que detém o maior número de publicações é o International Journal of Human Resource Management; os editores que mais tiveram publicações são Routledge Journals e Emerald Group Publishing Limited, e todos os artigos se encontram na categoria Management e na área Business & Economics da Web of Science.
Validation of EuroSCORE II in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery at the National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur: a retrospective review.
Authors: Musa Ahmad Farouk , Cheong Xian Pei , Dillon Jeswant , Nordin Rusli Bin
Published: September 2019

Background: The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk (EuroSCORE) II was developed in 2011 to replace the aging EUROScore for predicting in-house mortality after cardiac surgery. Our aim was to validate EuroSCORE II in Malaysian patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery at our Institute.

Methods: A retrospective single-center study was performed. A database was created to include EuroSCORE II values and actual mortality of 1718 patients undergoing CABG surgery in Malaysia from 1st January to 31st December 2016. The goodness-of-fit of EuroSCORE II was determined by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and discriminatory power with the areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results:Observed mortality rate was 4.66% (80 out of 1718 patients). The median EuroSCORE II value was 2.06% (Inter Quartile Range: 1.94%) (1st quartile: 1.45%, 3rd quartile: 3.39%). The AUC for EuroSCORE II was 0.7 (95% CI 0.640 – 0.759) indicating good discriminatory power. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test did not show significant difference between expected and observed mortality in accordance to the EuroSCORE II model (Chi-square = 13.758, p = 0.089) suggesting good calibration of the model in this population. Cross-tabulation analysis showed that there is slight overestimation of EuroSCORE II in low-risk groups (0-10%) and slight underestimation in high-risk groups (>20%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, total hospital stay, serum creatinine and critical pre-operative state are significant predictors of mortality post-CABG surgery.

Conclusion: This study indicated that the EuroSCORE II is a good predictor of post-operative mortality in the context of Malaysian patients undergoing CABG surgery. Our study also showed that certain independent variables might possess higher weightage in predicting mortality among this patient group. Therefore, it is suggested that EuroSCORE II can be safely used for risk assessment while ideally, clinical consideration should be applied on an individual basis.
Statistical models for the deterioration of kidney function in a primary care population: A retrospective database analysis
Authors: Oke Jason L , Feakins Benjamin G , Schlackow Iryna , Mihaylova Borislava , Simons Claire , O'Callaghan Chris A , Lasserson Daniel S , Hobbs F D Richard , Stevens Richard J , Perera Rafael
Published: September 2019

Background: Evidence for kidney function monitoring intervals in primary care is weak, and based mainly on expert opinion. In the absence of trials of monitoring strategies, an approach combining a model for the natural history of kidney function over time combined with a cost-effectiveness analysis offers the most feasible approach for comparing the effects of monitoring under a variety of policies. This study aimed to create a model for kidney disease progression using routinely collected measures of kidney function.

Methods: This is an open cohort study of patients aged ≥18 years, registered at 643 UK general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2014. At study entry, no patients were kidney transplant donors or recipients, pregnant or on dialysis. Hidden Markov models for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stage progression were fitted to four patient cohorts defined by baseline albuminuria stage; adjusted for sex, history of heart failure, cancer, hypertension and diabetes, annually updated for age.

Results: Of 1,973,068 patients, 1,921,949 had no recorded urine albumin at baseline, 37,947 had normoalbuminuria (<3mg/mmol), 10,248 had microalbuminuria (3–30mg/mmol), and 2,924 had macroalbuminuria (>30mg/mmol). Estimated annual transition probabilities were 0.75–1.3%, 1.5–2.5%, 3.4–5.4% and 3.1–11.9% for each cohort, respectively. Misclassification of eGFR stage was estimated to occur in 12.1% (95%CI: 11.9–12.2%) to 14.7% (95%CI: 14.1–15.3%) of tests. Male gender, cancer, heart failure and age were independently associated with declining renal function, whereas the impact of raised blood pressure and glucose on renal function was entirely predicted by albuminuria.

Conclusions: True kidney function deteriorates slowly over time, declining more sharply with elevated urine albumin, increasing age, heart failure, cancer and male gender. Consecutive eGFR measurements should be interpreted with caution as observed improvement or deterioration may be due to misclassification.
Developing acceptable contraceptive methods: Mixed-method findings on preferred method characteristics from Burkina Faso and Uganda
Authors: Brunie Aurélie , Callahan Rebecca L. , Mackenzie Amelia , Kibira Simon P.S. , Wayack-Pambè Madeleine
Published: September 2019

Background: Unmet need remains high in developing regions. New contraceptive technologies may improve uptake and use. This study examines desirable product characteristics.

Methods: We added a module to the female questionnaire of the PMA2020 surveys in Burkina Faso and Uganda and conducted 50 focus group discussions (FGDs) with women, 10 FGDs with men, and 37 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with providers across the two countries. FGDs with women and IDIs with providers included a semi-structured ranking exercise on pre-selected product characteristics.

Results: Effectiveness, duration, few side effects, cost, and access were the characteristics most commonly reported as important in choosing a method by survey respondents across both countries. Half or more of women surveyed in each country would like a method that lasts at least one year, while 65% in Burkina Faso and 40% in Uganda said they would use a method causing amenorrhea. Qualitative findings show that women want methods with minimal and predictable side effects. Reactions to increased bleeding were negative, especially in Burkina Faso, but perspectives on reduced bleeding were more mixed. Women and providers preferred methods that are discreet and not user-dependent, and associate duration with convenience of use. Some women in Uganda expressed concerns about the invasive nature of long-acting methods, and cost was an important consideration in both countries. In the ranking exercise, discreet use and few side effects often ranked high, while causing amenorrhea and not requiring a pelvic exam often ranked low.

Conclusion: Product development should consider user preferences for success in these settings.
Multimodaalne suhtlus keeleõppe ja -kasutuse teenistuses
Authors: Tenjes Silvi , Lõbus Triin , Kubinyi Leila , Rummo Ingrid , Kulakov Dmitri , Ingerpuu-Rümmel Eva
Published: September 2019

In the present article an overview of the scientific study carried out by Tartu University’s Department of Estonian as a Foreign Language is given. We observe more closely the part of the department’s research which is performed in co-operation with MUSU group, including the collaboration with Institute of Germanic, Romance and Slavonic Languages and Literatures. These activities are supported by the Estonian Science Foundation (ETF) grant project. It is also important to mention the co-operation with the Nordic Universities in the framework of PlaceME project. The research topics of the doctoral students are implementing different methods of discourse studies for analysing the multimodal communication, communicative competences and communication strategies in the process of language learning and usage.
Kakskeelse oskussõnastiku koostamise teoreetilisi vaatenurki ja praktilisi lahendusi
Authors: Štšadneva Valentina , Raeste Eve
Published: September 2019

The article discusses the principles of the compilation of a professional dictionary (“Russian-Estonian Dictionary of Health Care and Social Work”) for nurses and the application of these principles in practice. The authors consider the problems of differentiation between various branches of medicine and the choice of lexis. In the compilation of a dictionary an approach whereby the author mechanically translates linguistic items into the target language is out of the question. A scientific approach requires the solution of many specific and general linguistic problems. In order to achieve systematicity and adequacy the authors developed sociolinguistic principles and specified their approach to a number of disputed issues in linguistic theory (the assurance of normativity in terminology, systematicity, etc.). Due to spatial limitations the selection of relevant professional vocabulary covering various branches of medicine proved a challenge. The question of quantity and quality of source material required a solution. The objective demanded the consideration of the status of the addressee, the everyday communication of health care and social workers and the diversity of means of expression. The article also examines important lexicographical problems connected to sociolinguistic factors.
Vene keele mõjust eesti keeles. Tagasivaateid ja perspektiive
Authors: Blokland Rogier , Kehayov Petar
Published: September 2019

Artiklis uuritakse vene keele mõju eesti keele sõnavarale ja morfosüntaksile; venemõjulise sõnavara käsitluses võetakse kriitiliselt kokku varasemate uurimuste tulemusi, venemõjulise morfosüntaksi käsitluses aga esitatakse rida uusi vene mõju kandidaate eesti keele grammatika erinevates valdkonda-des. Artiklis väidetakse, et võõrmõjulise morfosüntaksi uuringute „mahajäämuse“ põhjused võrreldes sõnavaraga ei ole niivõrd ideoloogilised, kuivõrd ontoloogilised. Grammatikauuenduste tekkimine ja juurdumine ei saa kunagi olla ainult teise keele mõju tulemus. Seetõttu on väliseid uuenduste ajendeid raske uurida eraldi sisemistest ajenditest. Artiklis jõutakse järelduseni, et vene keele mõju eesti keelele positsioneerub oma ulatuselt Thomasoni ja Kaufmani (1988) laenuskaalal teise ja kolmanda intensiivsusastme vahel.
Hinnangu grammatikast
Authors: Keevallik Leelo
Published: September 2019

Artikkel käsitleb lauseid, mis algavad hinnangusõnaga ja mida on traditsiooniliselt käsitletud aluslauseliste tarinditena. Võttes arvesse morfosüntaktilisi, semantilisi, järjendilisi ja intonatsioonilisi piiranguid, argumenteeritakse, et pigem tuleks tarindit analüüsida kui kommentaari ja lause kombinatsiooni. Kommentaar sisaldab hinnangusõna või -fraasi ja lause hinnatavat. Hinnangulausel on seega eesti keeles oma eripärane grammatiline vorm. Tarindi peamiseks eeliseks on võimalus kommenteerida eelnevat, minnes samas kohe edasi järgmise vaatenurga või teema juurde. Materjal pärineb nii suulistest kui ka kirjalikest allikatest ja peamiselt suhtluskeskkondadest, st suulisest vestlusest ja interneti jututubadest
Liitpredikaadid leksikoni-grammatika kontiinuumil: konstruktsioonide produktiivsusest verbiga minema moodustatud liitpredikaatide näitel
Authors: Muischnek Kadri , Sahkai Heete
Published: September 2019

Artiklis kirjeldatakse korpusandmete põhjal rühma eesti keele liitpredikaatide produktiivsust ning arutletakse selle tegurite üle. Konstruktsioonide produktiivsust hinnatakse Harald Baayeni (2009) realiseerunud ja potentsiaalse produktiivsuse valemite, konstruktsioonide semantilise ühtsuse (Barðdal 2008) ja uudse meetodina ühendite kollokatsioonilise seose tugevusepõhjal. Uurimuse tulemusena leitakse, et ehkki vaadeldud liitpredikaatidel on mitu sarnast omadust, esindavad nad väga erinevaid produktiivsuse tüüpe ja astmeid: andmestikus leidub üksikuid kinnistunud ühendeid, mis ei ole siiski produktiivsuse seisukohast täiesti inertsed; suurem semantiliselt ühtne kinnistunud ühendite rühm, mis ilmutab mõningaid analoogilise laienemise märke; väga kitsastes semantilistes piirides produktiivne mall; ning kaks semantiliselt avatud, erineval määral produktiivset ja erinevat tüüpi malli. Produktiivsuse tegurina ilmneb üldisema sünonüümse või homonüümse malli olemasolu, mis tundub takistavat uue malli teket või laienemist. Üldisemalt leitakse, et liitpredikaadid pakuvad head ainestikku produktiivsuse ja selle tegurite uurimiseks ning mittemodulaarsete, kasutuspõhiste ja leksikoni-grammatika kontiinuumi eeldavate teooriate arendamiseks.
Palatalization of the glide in Frisian raising diphthongs as a case of shift
Authors: Dyk Siebren
Published: September 2019

In Modern West Frisian, by New Frisian Breaking, two rising diphthongs have developed with initial /w/. However, in theeastern part of the language area these sequences are nowadays pronounced as [jo] and [ja], respectively. The change started when immigrant peat diggers became integrated into Frisian society, and as a result of imperfect learning did not master fully those difficult Frisian diphthongs. As an escape strategy, they fronted the initial glide to /j/. A second centre of hange was at the language border,where peat-digging also resulted in the mixing of populations. In the course of the 20th century, the new forms were rapidly spreading. An analysis of the change as a case of shift (cf. Thomason and Kaufman 1988) can nicely explain the platalization of the glide, and moreover, it gives insight into the question why this only occurred after labials. In the case of a minority-majority contact situation, however, change by shift in the minority language is not to be expected in the first place, as it requires that a population is switching to a target language that is less powerful or prestigeous.However, the peat diggers all spoke a Dutch Low Saxon dialect,which had a low prestige, indeed.
Vowel alternation in disyllabic reduplicatives: an areal dimension
Authors: Ido Shinji
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes a variety of languages with regard to vowel alternation patterns in their disyllabic sound symbolic reduplicatives (DSRs). The analysis reveals that (1) a number of different languages have their preferred patterns of vowel alternation for DSRs (e.g. /I/-/ᴅ/ in ding-dong and tick-tock in English) and (2) the relative height of each vowel against the other in a DSRis a linguistic feature that is primarily areal. The languages surveyed in this paper include Bukharan Tajik, Chinese, English, German, Kazakh, Korean, Manchu, Mongolian, Persian, Qarakhanid Turkic, Tatar, Tatar in Xinjiang, Turkish, Tuvan, Uyghur, Uzbek, and Uzbek in Xinjiang.
Children – the future of the Karelian language? Case study in a Karelian village
Authors: Knuuttila Sanna-Riikka
Published: September 2019

This article deals with the knowledge of the Karelian language of school children living in a Karelian village. Karelian is an endangered language and it is said that it is a language of old people, that is why I was interested in children’s knowledge of Karelian. The aim is consider how the children self-estimate their ability to speak, understand, read or write Karelian. This study shows that Karelian children do somehow know their heritage language. But to become skilful Karelian speakers children need plenty of help and support from their parents, teachers and from the community
On some recent Pomak writing activities in Greece: ethno-cultural context and linguistic peculiarities
Authors: Manova Maria
Published: September 2019

Despite numerous attempts at codifying their language, the Pomaks in Greece, a linguistic as well as religious minority, do not generally put into writing this variety, which is considered to be a Bulgarian dialect. Up until about fifteen years ago, there was an absence of any kind of lexicographic tradition. The grammars, dictionaries etc. that appeared in Greece in the mid-1990’s can be classified as “external” codifications, since most of them were made by the majority. Over the last few years, however, an increasing minority-activism has changed the situation somewhat. Some writing has begun to emerge from the community, but the variety is still far from fitting the criteria for micro-literacy, the codification of which is difficult due to the different idiolectal varieties of the language actors, which are far away from a uniform orthographical norm as well as an alphabet. However, the publications in the minority language are seen as evidence of cultural emancipation and linguistic vitality. This article deals with the issues of language and literacy among the Pomaks in Greece and presents a case study of the ethno-linguistic orientation of the currently most productive Pomak language activist’s writings.
Basic colour terms in five Finno-Ugric languages and Estonian Sign Language: a comparative study
Authors: Uusküla Mari , Hollman Liivi , Sutrop Urmas
Published: September 2019

In this paper we compare five Finno-Ugric languages – Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Udmurt and Komi-Zyrian – and the Estonian Sign Language (unclassified) in different aspects: established basic colour terms, the proportion of basic colour terms and different colour terms in the collected word-corpora, the cognitive salience index values in the list task and the number of dominant colour tiles in the colour naming task. The data was collected, using the field method of Davies and Corbett, from all languages under consideration, providing a distinctive foundation for linguistic comparison. We argue that Finno-Ugric languages seem to possess relatively large colour vocabularies, especially due to their rich variety of word-formation types, e.g. the composition of compound words. All of the languages under consideration have developed to Stage VI or VII, possessing 7 to 11 lexicalised basic colour terms. The cognitive salience index helps to distinguish primary and secondary basic colour terms, showing certain comprehensive patterns which are similar to Russian and English.
Colour term ‘black’ in Estonian place names
Authors: Rätsep Kaidi
Published: September 2019

Must ‘black’ is considered to be the most common colour attribute in place names. The article provides a brief overview of must ‘black’ in Estonian place names. The data was obtained from kohanimekartoteek ‘place names card index’ of the Institute of the Estonian Language. In the index there are 1377 slips beginning with (or containing) must ‘black’, discounting within-parish duplicate slips 1081 place names were found. Altogether, 728 different place name variants were discovered. The most frequent occurrences of must in the nominative case were Mustjõgi ‘Black-river’ (frequency = 26), Mustjärv ‘Black-lake’ (22), Mustkivi ‘Black-stone’ (21), Mustoja ‘Black-rivulet’ (18) and Mustmägi ‘Black-hill’ (16). In the genitive case Musta talu ‘Black farm’ (22) was twice as frequent as the next most common, Mustitalu ‘Musti farm’ (11). According to the studied material the most common determinant was talu ‘farm’ (231), followed by mägi ‘hill’ (70), mets ‘forest’ (45) and heinamaa ‘hayfi eld’ (43).
Observations on the geographical distribution of toponymic endings in Estonia
Authors: Päll Peeter
Published: September 2019

The article looks at the geographical distribution of toponymic endings with the aim of discovering significant patterns. The corpus includes ca. 9,000 oikonyms, of which 24% are those that have the analysed endings. Endings are recognized if names have at least 3 syllables or have 2 syllables and the Q3 degree of quantity; in these cases the existence of a toponymic suffix is most likely. In the case of endings that have multiple origins there are seemingly no specific distribution patterns, with the exception of some borrowed endings (e.g. -na or -va). In the case of typical toponymic suffixes -la, -ste and -vere each of these are often concentrated into certain areas based on which the whole are of Estonia might be divided into regions: -vere-region (northern Tartumaa and northern Viljandimaa), -ste-region (Võrumaa, southern Tartumaa, southern Viljandimaa and southern Pärnumaa), -la-region (Virumaa, Järvamaa, Harjumaa) and a mixed region (Läänemaa, northern Pärnumaa). The island of Saaremaa is dominated by -la-endings, Hiiumaa is either a mixed region or a -ste-region
Specific developments in Kiili place names
Authors: Laansalu Tiina
Published: September 2019

Place names have changed with the rest of the vocabulary during the development of the Estonian language. However, with place names characteristic developments have occurred that differ from the general vocabulary. Irregular shortening, group transition, folk etymology and adaptation have occurred. This article will give a brief review of each specific development and will give examples, based on the settlement names in Kiili.
On the etymology of the Estonian place names Kirna and Kernu
Authors: Kallasmaa Marja
Published: September 2019

This article will give a review of the disquisitions so far published on the place names Kirna and Kernu and will propose a new etymology for them
Matrix of cognitive domains for Komi local cases
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay
Published: September 2019

The semantics of local cases in the framework of the theory of cognitive linguistics has got an internal organization in the form of a matrix of cognitive domains, wherein each of them demonstrates the schematization of the choice of some concrete situation. The zones of its crossing indicate on the parts of the transition from one domain to another. Partial usages of cases belonging to transitional parts are peripheral in respect to prototypical ones. Space has got the central place in the matrix of cognitive domains being the basic cognitive field for all local cases. Anyway, all the other cognitive domains are somehow connected with space having got more or less similarity with it. I’m trying to perform a matrix of cognitive domains for spatial cases of the Komi language analogically with the analysis of cognitive domains of external local cases in the Estonian language (see Vainik 1995).
Teadmise esiletulemine võõrkeeletunni multimodaalses suhtluses
Authors: Ingerpuu-Rümmel Eva
Published: September 2019

Keeletunni diskursusel on kindel eesmärk – omandada uusi teadmisi ja oskusi sihtkeele kohta. Sellises suhtlussituatsioonis osaleb tavaliselt rohkem kui kaks inimest. Nii on õpetaja üheks peamiseks ülesandeks koordineerida osalejate tegevust võimalikult tõhusal moel ning saada sel viisil tagasisidet õpilaste teadmiste kohta. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks ja kõikide osaliste koostöö sujumiseks kehtivad tunnis suhtlusnormid. Need aga mõjutavad osalejate sõnaliste, prosoodiliste ja kehaliigutuslike modaalsuste kasutamist. Artikkel käsitleb juhtumit, kus õpilased soovivad teadmisi väljendada, kuid nende tegevust piirab suhtlusnorm – ühe õpilase vastamisõigus. Analüüsi aluseks olev videolõik on filmitud kõrgkooli loengus, kus õpiti eesti keelt võõrkeelena. Diskursusanalüüsi ja mikroetnograafilise lähenemise kombineerimisel saadud tulemused näitavad, et vaatlusalused õpilased leiavad viisi, kuidas oma teadmisest ning vastamisvalmidusest märku anda. Õpilased kasutavad selleks peamiselt liigutuslikke modaalsusi. Üks õpilane väljendab normile allumisest tulenevat pinget, mis avaldub üksnes mitmesugustes kehaliigutustes. Õpilaste tegevus annab õpetajale olulist teavet, kuidas suhtlust juhtida.
Leksikograafilise tarkvara Sketch Engine eesti keele moodul
Authors: Kallas Jelena , Tuulik Maria , Jürviste Madis
Published: September 2019

2010. aasta sügisel alustas Eesti Keele Instituut koos ettevõttega Lexical Computing Ltd. leksikograafilise tarkvara Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff jt 2004) eestikeelse mooduli väljatöötamist. Artiklis kirjeldatakse programmi põhifunktsioone. Põhjalikumalt käsitletakse funktsiooni Word Sketch (ee sõnavisand) võimalusi. Tutvustatakse sõnavisandite grammatika koostamise põhimõtteid, vaadeldakse eraldi substantiivide, adjektiivide ja verbide sõnavisandites esitatud süntagmaatilisi seoseid (st grammatilisi ja leksikaalseid kollokatsioone) ning arutletakse mooduli edasiarendusvõimaluste üle. Lisaks analüüsitakse, mil määral saab sõnavisandeid kasutada verbide lausemallide tuvastamisel
Vene-eesti tõlgete mõjust eesti keele minevikuvormide kasutamisele mõningate Boris Akunini teoste näitel
Authors: Kupp-Sazonov Sirje
Published: September 2019

Artiklis otsitakse vastust küsimusele, kas käesoleval ajal on eesti keeles toimunud muutusi mineviku liitajavormide kasutamises, võrrelduna kümne aasta taguse ajaga, mil kirjutati päris palju sellest, et eestlased kipuvad liitaegade asemel kasutama lihtminevikku. Kuna on väidetud, et eesti keele liitaegade vähese kasutamise põhjuseks võivad olla kehvad tõlked just vene keelest, on analüüsimaterjaliks valitud viis vene kirjaniku Boris Akunini teost ja nende tõlked eesti keelde. Artiklis vaadeldakse, kuidas tõlkijad on kasutanud eesti keele liht-, täis- ja ennemineviku vorme. Erilist tähelepanu pööratakse täismineviku kasutamisele, võttes aluseks Bernard Comrie väljapakutud neli perfektitüüpi. Artikli autori üheks eesmärgiks on juhtida tähelepanu veaohtlikele olukordadele ehk nendele juhtudele, kus tõlkijal võib tõesti vene keele eeskujul tekkida kiusatus valida liitaja asemel lihtmineviku vorm. Siiski võib analüüsile tuginedes väita, et eesti keele mineviku liitajavormide kasutamine ei ole sugugi nii harva esinev nähtus, kui võiks arvata. Paljudel juhtudel on küsimus pigem ikkagi konkreetse tõlkija strateegias
Katselised meetodid tähenduse uurimisel
Authors: Klavan Jane , Veismann Ann , Jürine Anni
Published: September 2019

Käesolev artikkel on lühike ja ülevaatlik sissejuhatus katselistesse meetoditesse tähenduse uurimisel. Artiklis tuuakse välja põhjuseid, miks katselisi meetodeid tähenduse uurimisel kasutada ja miks ainult ühel viisil kogutud andmetest ei piisa. Artikli esimene pool käsitleb katselisi meetodeid võrdlevalt introspektsiooni ja korpus- analüüsiga. Artikli teises pooles kirjeldatakse eri tüüpi katseid, mida võib laias laastus jagada moodustuskatseteks (vaba moodustuse katse, sunnitud valiku katse, väljamõeldud stiimuliga moodustuskatse) ja arusaamiskatseteks (klassifitseerimiskatse, sobituskatse, vastuvõetavuse hindamise katse, ajaliselt mõõdetud verifitseerimine) ning loetleb vastavaid Eestis ja mujal tehtud (ruumi)semantika uurimusi.Experimental methods in studying semantics. The present article offers a short introduction to experimental methods in studying semantics. It highlights some of the reasons why use experiments in studying meaning and why it is not sufficient to employ just one type of method. The first part of the article takes a look at experimental methods in general, comparing it to introspection and corpus analysis. The second part of the article focuses on different types of experiments, which can be divided into production tasks (open-ended production tasks, forced choice tasks, nonsense word tasks) and comprehension tasks (classification tasks, matching tasks, acceptability judgements, speeded verification). It also gives a list of respective studies on (spatial) semantics carried out in Estonian and other languages.
Conceptualization of Doubt in Proverbs and Aphorisms
Authors: Бейлинсон Л. , Beylinson L. , Карасик В. , Karasik V.
Published: September 2019

The paper deals with conceptualization of doubt in linguistic consciousness and communicative practice on the material of proverbs and aphorisms. Doubt is reflected as an ambiguous entity. It is approved as a cognitive orientation and disapproved as an obstacle which hinders taking a decision. Its ambivalent nature reflects its contradictory essence comprising rational and emotional attitudes to the world. Doubt makes people oscillate between knowledge and faith and determines types of personalities, on the one hand, and types of discourse, on the other hand.
The Associative Field of the Name Ufa
Authors: Ахметова А. , Ahmetova A.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the results of an association experiment with the toponym UFA, a comparative analysis with the experiment in 2010. Associates are divided into semantic groups (conceptual, figurative and interpretative), their gender, age and geographical features are considered.
Value Realization of Idioms in Contexts: Pragmatic Aspect
Authors: Юсупова С. , Yusupova S.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the analysis of the German idioms representing values, in particular, describing situations when the great value is attached to something, something is considered valuable and important, has high value, desirable or has no value, the ability to separate valuable things from not valuable is viewed. The results of research allow to reveal the peculiarities of interaction of the inner form and actual meaning in the contexts of use received from the Corpus of the Institute of the German language in Manheim. The pragmatic aspect of the analysis reflected the role and influence of presupposition on semantics of idioms in language space, implicitly expressed opinions of authors and impact on the addressee.
The Communicative Aspect of Treatment in the Texts of the Historical Novel H. Sienkiewicz, Translated Into Russian Language
Authors: Шетэля В. , Shetelya V.
Published: September 2019

The article attempts to describe the methods of translation from Polish into Russian of such a communicatively significant form of etiquette as conversion. These word constructions containing the name and often the titles of nobility of the one addressed to were used in the Polish speech of the XVII century, as the Polish writer H. Sienkiewicz pointed out in his historical novel “Pan Volodyevsky”. Various forms of appeals, which were used by Polish nobles (gentry), directly indicate their communicative importance in this social environment. Here the lights and the gender issue, since communication occurs among men, ladies and also in mixed gender groups. Thus, this gender issue had to be solved by the translator when translating the novel by H. Sienkiewicz into Russian. In the article by comparison of fragments of the Polish (author’s) and Russian texts with participation of such units it is shown how constructions and terms of this communicative group were translated into Russian.
Oversight and Efficiency in Public Projects: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis
Authors: Calvo Eduard , Cui Ruomeng , Serpa Juan Camilo
Published: September 2019

In the United States, 42% of public infrastructure projects report delays or cost overruns. To mitigate this problem, regulators scrutinize project operations. We study the effect of oversight on delays and overruns with 262,857 projects spanning 71 federal agencies and 54,739 contractors. We identify our results using a federal bylaw: if the project’s budget is above a cutoff, procurement officers actively oversee the contractor’s operations; otherwise, most operational checks are waived. We find that oversight increases delays by 6.1%–13.8% and overruns by 1.4%–1.6%. We also show that oversight is most obstructive when the contractor has no experience in public projects, is paid with a fixed-fee contract with performance-based incentives, or performs a labor-intensive task. Oversight is least obstructive—or even beneficial—when the contractor is experienced, paid with a time-and-materials contract, or conducts a machine-intensive task.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
CONSUMO E COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR DE TRABALHADORES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Schäfer Antônio Augusto , Grande Antonio José , Quadra Micaela Rabelo , Meller Fernanda Oliveira
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo e o comportamento alimentar de trabalhadores. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra representativa dos funcionários de universidade da cidade de Criciúma-SC. Avaliou-se, por entrevistadores treinados, a frequência de consumo de verduras/legumes, frutas, leguminosas, carnes, refrigerante, suco artificial e doces, conforme as seguintes opções de resposta: “nunca”, “quase nunca”, “1 a 2 dias”, “3 a 4 dias”, “5 a 6 dias” ou “diariamente”. O consumo regular dsses alimentos foi definido pelo consumo de, pelo menos, cinco dias na semana. Número e local das refeições, alimentar-se em frente à televisão, hábito de consumir a gordura da carne e de adicionar sal nas preparações também foram estudados. As análises foram realizadas utilizando o Stata versão 12.1. Resultados: Foram estudados 214 funcionários, metade dos quais consumia regularmente frutas, verduras e legumes. O consumo regular de doces, refrigerante e suco artificial foi referido por aproximadamente 20% dos indivíduos. Além disso, metade da amostra realizava, pelo menos, cinco refeições ao dia e tinha o hábito de comer assistindo televisão. Conclusões: Os funcionários apresentaram baixa frequência de consumo de alimentos considerados marcadores de uma alimentação saudável, como frutas, verduras, legumes e leguminosas. Ademais, grande parte deles referiu ter comportamento alimentar inadequado. Dessa forma, faz-se necessária a implementação de ações de promoção e prevenção da saúde nessa universidade voltadas à nutrição.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.38102
PERCEPÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM NUTRIÇÃO NA APLICAÇÃO DO DIAGNÓSTICO DE NUTRIÇÃO PADRONIZADO PROPOSTO PELA ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NUTRIÇÃO DURANTE O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM NUTRIÇÃO CLÍNICA
Authors: Guimarães Andréa Fraga , Castro Adriana Garcia Peloggia de
Published: September 2019

A Associação Brasileira de Nutrição, em seu Manual Orientativo de Sistematização do Cuidado de Nutrição, recomenda o uso do diagnóstico de nutrição padronizado proposto pela Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nessa proposta, o diagnóstico de nutrição deve ser composto pela redação padronizada do denominado “PEI”, “Problema, Etiologia e Indicadores”, em que um Problema está “relacionado a” uma Etiologia e é “evidenciado por” Indicadores nutricionais e representa uma forma nova e diferente de registro do diagnóstico realizado por nutricionistas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção de acadêmicos do curso de graduação em Nutrição sobre a aplicação da padronização do diagnóstico de nutrição no estágio supervisionado em Nutrição Clínica de uma instituição de ensino superior. Foram entrevistados 30 estudantes com base em um roteiro semiestruturado e os dados analisados por meio da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A análise da transcrição das entrevistas permitiu identificar quatro ideias centrais, das quais duas representavam barreiras: dificuldade na redação do PEI com terminologia padronizada e desconhecimento do diagnóstico de nutrição padronizado pelos preceptores de estágio. As duas vantagens identificadas foram: auxilia no planejamento da assistência nutricional e favorece a comunicação entre nutricionistas e demais profissionais. Assim, na percepção dos estudantes entrevistados, a aplicação do diagnóstico de nutrição padronizado sugerido pela Associação Brasileira de Nutrição pode melhorar a assistência nutricional e a comunicação interprofissional, embora a redação e a operacionalização sejam complexas. Espera-se sua disseminação entre os nutricionistas brasileiros, para que se possa discutir o assunto para futura implantação.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.38766