bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA NATURALEZA EN LA EDUCACIÓN ALIMENTARIA ESCOLAR; ARGENTINA, 1936-1961
Authors: Aisenstein Angela , Almada Cecilia
Published: October 2020

RESUMEN La educación corporal escolar aplicada en el sistema educativo argentino se valió de diferentes estrategias. Una de ellas fue la educación alimentaria que, basándose en la Escuela Nueva, buscaba modificar hábitos, costumbres y transformar “naturalezas”. Del análisis de los Programas para la escuela primaria del período y de los ejemplares de El Monitor de la Educación Común, entre los años 1936 y 1961, emergen sentidos contradictorios atribuidos a la naturaleza en los que argumentos científico-médicos y religioso-morales, fundamentaron roles de género y perfiles laborales urbanos y rurales.
Marx and Digital Machines: Alienation, Technology, Capitalism
Authors: Healy Mike
Published: October 2020

This book explores the fundamental contradiction at the heart of the digital environment: technology offers all manner of promises, yet habitually fails to deliver. This failure often arises from numerous problems: the proficiency of the technology or end-user, policy failure at various levels, or a combination of these. Solutions such as better technology and more effective end-user education are often put into place to solve these failures. Mike Healy argues that such approaches are inherently faulty drawing upon qualitative research informed by Marx’s theory of alienation. Using Marx’s theory, he considers participants in three distinct settings: the workplace of information and communications technology (ICT) professionals; university scholars researching the ethical and societal implications of our digital environment; and a group of pensioners living in South London, UK, undertaking ICT training. By delving beneath the surface of how digital technologies are created, researched and experienced, this study illustrates the contradictory nature of our digital lives, as they directly arise from the needs of capitalism. The book also places Marx’s theory in contrast to the mainstream approaches derived from Seaman and Blauner. In researching and comprehending ICT, this book reaffirms the superior explanatory power of Marx’s theory of alienation.
Researching ICT: The Scholars’ Alienated Experience
Authors: Healy Mike
Published: October 2020

‘Researching ICT: The Scholars’ Alienated Experience’ examines the experience of academics researching the ethical and societal aspects of ICT. The chapter asks how effective Marx’s theory of alienation would be when applied to what could be described as a relatively ‘benign’ experience since it is generally assumed that researchers have some autonomy over their work. The chapter opens by describing the conflictual and constantly changing conditions that shape the scholars’ working environment with its attendant stresses and contradictory pressures including a neoliberal management environment, problems associating with publishing including peer review and the wider contexts of demands s at universities including those of teaching and administration. The author uses Sarah Mann’s application of Marx’s theory of alienation to students' lack of engagement to bring into focus this other contributor to the alienated condition of the academic arising in Higher Education. Important factors contributing to the alienated feelings of researchers expressed through the research included commitment to a subject, creativity (or lack of), collaboration and/vs competition and academics’ lack of control over ‘process and product’ when it comes to research funding and publishing the results of it. The analysis concludes that pressures arising from the competitive research environment are the focus of much concern for researchers and that the analysis of alienation as presented by Marx is helpful in understanding their condition.
Critique and Conclusion
Authors: Healy Mike
Published: October 2020

This conclusion discusses the extent to which the research themes have been addressed and identifies areas of possible further research. It also provides a critique of the project’s own research process. This book has considered three overarching themes: firstly, how far Marx’s approach to alienation could help theorise the experiences of the author’s three groups of research participants within their various settings. Secondly, how the dynamic nature of each examined environment added credibility to the view that alienation cannot be properly understood using simplified research approaches such as Seeman’s. Lastly it considers the extent to which Marx’s theory might be of use in providing a framework for undertaking the research into alienation in other contexts. The chapter also assesses strategies of amelioration of alienation and wider changes to the working environment as suggested by Marx whilst in the meantime acknowledging the virtue of practical steps to challenge and overcome the alienation so deeply rooted within our digital lives. The evidence presented within this book is in support of Marx’s persuasive line of argument that if the alienation of groups within society is to be avoided, ICT should be taken out of the control of capital and placed under the direction of collectives or communities.
Poesia: uma casa para as infâncias
Authors: Tasca Marangoni Marli Cristina , Brocchetto Ramos Flávia
Published: October 2020

Este estudo examina especificidades da palavra poética, focalizando possibilidades de concretização do poético, em diferentes propostas de interação que os versos dirigem ao seu leitor. Com base em Paz (1998) e Bordini (1991) e com orientação metodológica bibliográfica de viés analítico, cinco poemas são tomados para reflexão, levantando-se uma série de recursos que os constituem e tendem a mobilizar diferentemente o leitor em formação, instando-o a atuar de modo diverso enquanto lê. Nesse sentido, a sonoridade, a imagem poética e a visualidade concretizam a potencialidade lúdica da poesia, em textos para “dar nó”, para dizer e cantar, para imaginar, investigar ou, ainda para ler e ver. Tendo em vista o processo de letramento poético, a investigação reflete acerca de como o poema pode acolher o horizonte do leitor em formação, fazendo-se sua morada e desafiando-o a desenvolver sua sensibilidade estética e sua linguagem.
A poesia infantil nos labirintos do mundo digital: possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Kirchof Edgar Roberto
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, apresento um breve panorama da produção de poesia para crianças no universo digital, utilizando, como base, algumas obras brasileiras e estrangeiras que ganharam destaque entre críticos de literatura infantojuvenil. As discussões dialogam com pesquisas recentes sobre poesia digital e literatura digital infantojuvenil, destacando-se autores como Richard Flynn, Teale e Yokota, Roberto Simanowski, Scott Rettberg, Luis Correa-Díaz, Katherine Hayles, entre outros. Inicialmente, discuto o lugar das obras digitalizadas e dos livros digitais estáticos no contexto da poesia digital infantil. Em seguida, discorro brevemente sobre alguns experimentos de poesia infantil que se destacaram na era Flash. Por fim, apresento um panorama dos principais tipos de book apps dedicados à poesia infantil atualmente, com ênfase nas adaptações de clássicos e na utilização dos book apps como plataformas para divulgação da obra de poetas contemporâneos.
Poesia e letramento literário a partir da leitura de Passeio poético por Bagé, de Ernesto Wayne.
Authors: Medeiros Vera Lúcia Cardoso , Rosa Débora , Trebien Lediane
Published: October 2020

O artigo apresenta metodologia de letramento literário no ensino fundamental, centrada no gênero poesia e organizada em torno da obra Passeio poético por Bagé (WAYNE, 1996). A metodologia proposta aqui origina-se de projeto de letramento literário desenvolvido no ano de 2019 durante estágio curricular obrigatório, realizado por acadêmica do curso de Licenciatura em Letras Língua Portuguesa e Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), campus Bagé. Além da descrição das estratégias de exploração do texto poético, pretende-se refletir sobre os fundamentos da proposta com base em referencial teórico sobre os conceitos de poesia, gênero lírico, letramento literário e pedagogia decolonial, bem como ilustrar as análises com registros dos trabalhos dos alunos que participaram do projeto de estágio que deu origem a nossa proposta de poesia e letramento literário.
Maxillofacial Radiology 181
Authors: Nortjé Christoffel J
Published: October 2020

Not applicable
Fraudulent records – Grave forensic consequences
Authors: Sykes Leanne M , Robertson Liam , Bernitz Herman
Published: October 2020

Natural disasters, fatal accidents, and violent criminal offences are part of everyday life. All of these may result in fatalities that shatter the lives of the victim’s families and friends. Their trauma is compounded by the fact that all unnatural deaths have to be investigated, and the bodies of the deceased positively identified before they can be released to the families for burial. Bodies of victims of violent crimes, fires, drowning, motor vehicle or aviation accidents, work place fatalities or situations where some time has elapsed since death may be so disfigured that “identification by a family member is neither possible or desirable”. Often the nature or degree of the injury may be so extensive that fingerprinting is also not a viable option. DNA analysis may be considered, however it takes time and is a costly procedure. There are also concerns with maintaining strict control over the chain of evidence during all additional procedures and tests. Thus, in these situations the forensic odontologist may be called in as part of the investigative team.
Kansans in the Middle of the Pandemic: Risk Perception, Knowledge, Compliance with Preventive Measures, and Primary Sources of Information about COVID-19
Authors: Geana Mugur
Published: October 2020

Introduction. As we conduct this study, the world is in the grasp of a deadly pandemic. In less than six months since its first diagnosis in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 infectious disease due to the novel coronavirus has infected over 5,000,000 people and claimed over 350,000 lives. In the United States, most of the cases are in large urban settings along the coasts, but the disease is slowly progressing through the mainland. Kansas, with its particular location in the midwest United States, has seen a relatively small number of cases, but these are increasing. The Kansas government took radical measures to prevent the spread of the disease. According to the Health Beliefs Model, an individual’s perception of risk will dictate engagement with preventive behaviors. Knowledge about the disease and preventive measures drive the risk assessment. Knowledge is dependant on the sources of information used. This study explored these metrics in a sample of Kansans living in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. A combination of snowball samples and random distribution through social media was used to recruit participants to an online survey. The risk and knowledge instrument was developed and validated by WHO Europe. Data collection lasted 96 hours.

Results. The attitudes and behaviors of Kansans concerning COVID-19 were consistent with its location in an area of the country with a relatively lower incidence of the disease. Participants had good knowledge about the disease and preventive measures and were willing to comply with recommendations from local authorities.

Conclusion. Localized information sources that cater to the community are often primary, while social media is not a valuable source for information pertinent to COVID-19.
Development of Silica-Immobilized Vaccines for Improving Thermo-Tolerance and Shelf-Life
Authors: Montoya Nicole , Barr Kaylee , Kirchhoff Brian , Reyes Edward , Umana Jorge , Nichol Kalena , Hartman Eric , Picking William , Gao Fei Phillip , Corbin David R. , Shiflett Mark B.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. It is estimated that 50% of vaccines produced annu- ally are wasted because effectivity is dependent on protein structure and heat exposure disrupts the intermolecular interactions that maintain this structure. Since 90% of vaccines require a temperature- controlled supply chain, it is necessary to create a cold chain system to minimize vaccine waste. We have developed a more sustainable technology via the adsorption of Invasion Plasmid Antigen D (IpaD) onto mesoporous silica gels, improving the thermal stability of pro- tein-based therapeutics.

Methods.xThe solution depletion method using UV-Vis was uti- lized to study the adsorption of IpaD onto silica gels. The silica-IpaD complex is heated above the denaturing temperature of the protein and then the IpaD is removed using N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (LDAO) and their secondary structure is tested using cir- cular dichroism (CD).

Results. Pore diameter, pore volume and surface area were charac- terized for seven different silica gels. Silica gels designated as 6389, 6378, and 6375 had an adsorption percentage above 95% at pore volumes of 2.2, 2.8 and 3.8 cm3 mg-1, respectively. CD analyses con- firmed that the adsorbed IpaD after the heat treatment displayed a similar “W” shape CD signal as the native IpaD, indicating the con- servation of α-helices. In contrast, the unprotected IpaD after being exposed to high temperature shows a flat CD signal, demonstrating the loss of secondary structure.

Conclusion. We have successfully increased the thermo-tolerance for IpaD using mesoporous silica and continue to further optimize mesoporous silica’s physiochemical properties to improve adsorption and desorption yields.
Petroleum prospective areas in the Taragay Formation belonging to the Upper Permian - the southwestern part of the Viluy syneclise
Authors:   All-Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI), Cherdantsev G.A. , Kushmar I.A. ,   All-Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI), Semenov V.P. ,   All-Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI), Yashenkova L.K. ,   All-Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI)
Published: October 2020

An updated forecast of the petroleum bearing area of the Upper Permian sequences in the southwestern part of the Vilyuy syneclise, a promising area for hydrocarbon accumulations, is presented. On the basis of new geological and geophysical studies on the southwestern side of the Vilyuy syneclise, petroleum promising objects in the pinch-out zone of the Upper Permian terrigenous section were substantiated, associated with non-structural traps in the Taragay Formation - lithological, stratigraphical associated with elements of tectonic screening.
Hydrocarbon resources potential and development prospects of the Behring Sea shelf and the Pacific Ocean joining the Eastern Kamchatka onshore area
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University, Bol'shakova N.V. , Danil'ev S.M. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University, Danil'eva N.A. ,   St. Petersburg Mining University
Published: October 2020

The article highlights the main results of regional geological exploration carried out in the last decade in the Pre-Pacific petroleum province - offshore Behring Sea and the Pacific Ocean joining the Eastern Kamchatka onshore area . Comparative assessment of hydrocarbons resources potential of this region is made based on the results of the research, that allowed to justify further directions of exploration.
Benefits of Makerspaces: Building An Enhanced Flight Mill for the Study of Tethered Insect Flight v1
Authors: Bernat Anastasia
Published: October 2020

Makerspaces have a high potential of enabling researchers to develop new techniques and work with novel species in ecological research. This protocol demonstrates how to take advantage of the technology increasingly found in makerspaces in order to build a more versatile flight mill for a relatively low cost. Since this flight mill and trial design initially extracts its prototype from flight mills built in the last decade, this protocol instead focuses more on outlining divergences made from the simple, modern flight mill. As already shown, previous studies have made known how advantageous flight mills are to measuring flight parameters such as speed, distance, or periodicity and to allowing researchers to associate these parameters with morphological, physiological, or genetic factors. In addition to these advantages, I discuss the benefits of using the technology in makerspaces like 3D printers and laser cutters in order to build a more flexible, sturdy, and collapsible flight mill design. Most notably, the 3D printed components of this design allow the user to adjust the mill arm and IR sensor heights to test insects of various sizes and enable the user to easily disassemble the machine for quick storage or transportation to the field. Moreover, I emphasize making greater use of magnets and magnetic paint to attach insects with minimal stress during flight trials. Lastly, this protocol details a versatile analysis of flight data by programming how to efficiently take and process continuous but differentiable flight trials. Although more labor-intensive, communally-shared makerspaces and free, online 3D modeling programs can help researchers avoid costly, pre-made products with narrowly adjustable dimensions. By taking advantage of the flexibility and reproducibility of technology in makerspaces, this protocol promotes creative flight mill design and inspires open science.
1M KPO4pH6.0 v1
Authors: Barlow Ida
Published: October 2020

Protocol for making phosphate salt solution for adding to NGM
Pedagogy of Effective Blended Learning
Authors: Andreyeva N.V.
Published: October 2020

The work is aimed at presenting a model of effective blended learning pedagogy, its values, key factors of effective blended learning, as well as recommendations for teachers and trainers. A review of the literature in recent years is presented. The basic principles of effective blended learning: the student is at the center of the educational process, focus not only on knowledge, but also on competencies, personalization, personal responsibility for the results of their own activities. The results obtained make it possible to say that the effectiveness of blended learning is influenced by design from a goal and a flexibility, mastery based learning and differentiation, personalization, learning communities, active and interactive learning, a change in the assessment system, educational independence and self-regulated learning, self-efficacy and the use of diagnostic tests. There is evidence that the modern concept of blended learning includes a change in pedagogical approach, although in widespread use it continues to be a combination of online and face-to-face learning. It is noted that modern research is aimed at identifying parameters that affect the effectiveness of blended learning, such as self-regulation and self-efficacy of students, the use of differentiated teaching by teachers, formative assessment, active learning. Recommendations are given for teachers and methodists to improve the effectiveness of blended learning.
Ways to enhance the effectiveness of online education
Authors: Leybina A.V. , Shukuryan G.A.
Published: October 2020

The article is an analytical review of current recommendations provided in foreign scientific literature for secondary and higher education in terms of online learning enhancement through transformations in course content, platforms, assessments, and ways of teacher-students interaction. Recent recommendations in this regard are described from the position of methodology (educational procedures), psychology (motivation, information perception and processing, and communication), and technical solutions (platforms and interfaces).
Coffee Tourism in Lviv in the Сontext of World Сoffee Tourism
Authors: Rutynskyi Mykhailo , Kushniruk Halyna
Published: October 2020

W ostatnich latach we Lwowie wzrosło zainteresowanie turystów jedną z form turystyki gastronomicznej (kulinarnej) – turystyką kawową. Jest ona rozwijana nie tylko w oparciu o ciekawe, opracowywane przez wiele dekad receptury i przepisy dotyczące przygotowania oraz serwowania kawy, lecz także przez słynne kawiarnie. W artykule opisano etapy rozwoju turystyki kawowej we Lwowie od dziewiętnastego stulecia do 2020 r. Omówiono koncepcje i pojęcia związane z tą formą turystyki, zidentyfikowano grupy docelowe zainteresowanych nią osób. Scharakteryzowano też cechy i ważne elementy zasobów wykorzystywanych do rozwoju turystyki kawowej we Lwowie oraz sposób jej funkcjonowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na działania lokalnej społeczności i branży, współpracujących na rzecz opracowania strategii rozwoju, obejmującej promocję, rozszerzanie specjalistycznej infrastruktury, kreowanie produktów turystycznych – specjalistycznych towarów i usług, a także wydarzeń związanych z turystyką kawową. Celem tej strategii jest stworzenie jak najlepszych – przyjaznych zarówno dla mieszkańców, jak i dla turystów – warunków pobytu, umożliwiających zaprezentowanie na skalę światową ponad dwustuletniej wieloetnicznej kultury kawowej Lwowa, osadzonej w jego historycznym centrum wpisanym na listę światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO. W artykule zestawiono reprezentatywne dane statystyczne i dane dotyczące stanu oferty turystyki kawowej we Lwowie oraz omówiono wyniki badań sondażowych dotyczących funkcjonowania turystyki kawowej we Lwowie.
A Study on Households’ Participation in Secular Giving: A Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Family Structure
Authors: Kang Chulhee , Pyun Changhoon
Published: October 2020

This study examines how family structure (i.e., single-person, single-parent, married, and two-generation households, and households containing three or more generations) influences households’ participation in secular giving. This study also aims to understand households’ participation in secular giving in further detail by identifying and comparing giving participation patterns by family structure. This study used data from the Korea Institute of Public Finance’s 9th to 11th Financial Panel Surveys and analyzed by using a pooled logistic regression and a false discovery rate (FDR) procedure of Benjamini-Hochberg. The results demonstrated significant differences in giving participation according to family structure. In particular, two-generation, single-parent, married, and single-person households were less likely to participate in secular giving than households containing three or more generations. According to the comparison by family structure, household income per capita was a consistently significant predictor over diverse family structures. Also, this study presents specific patterns of household participation in secular giving by family structure. This study newly examines how secular giving participation patterns differ by different family structures and discusses new tasks and social agendas based on empirical results.
Introduction: Translation and Translatability in Intersemiotic Space
Authors: Kourdis Evangelos , Petrilli Susan
Published: October 2020

Our firm belief is that the broad notion of the text has mainly come about thanks to semiotics. this crucial move by semiotics resulted, among others, in bringing translation studies closer to semiotics. the implications of general sign studies for translation theory and practice have helped translation studies to move away from the verbocentric dogmatism of the sixties and seventies when only systems ruled by double articulation were acknowledged to have the dignity of language (eco 1976). as Peeter torop (2004: 59) argues, “the text is what we understand in culture, and it is through the text that we understand something of the culture.”
Translating the Book App’s icono-letter
Authors: Amadori Sara
Published: October 2020

This research focuses on the heuristic value of new digital products, Book Apps, which are changing contemporary reading habits, especially for the so-called ‘digital natives.’ Their plurisemiotic nature, and the fact that they are available in bilingual/multilingual versions, invite further reflection about their translation. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of two Book Apps, recently published by two French pure players. Book Apps are a new ‘technogenre’ that produces a plurisemiotic environment characterized by a multimodal signifying way. This signifying specificity stimulates a reflection about the nature of the linguistic sign inspired by Benveniste’s definition of ‘icon.’ The translation of what is called in this study the Book App’s ‘icono-letter’ is thus presented as a real challenge: translators do not have to translate only a text, but the complicated synergic relationship between text, images, animations, sounds, and music. Textual examples from the two Book Apps examined offer useful evidence of the difficult task of translating this new genre, which highlights the need to rethink digital translation through the effective dialogue between linguistic and visual semiotics, as well as between Translation Ethics and Semio-translation theories.
Audio describing the mental dimension of narrative characters. Insights from a Flemish case study.
Authors: Geerinck Bonnie , Vercauteren Gert
Published: October 2020

Audio description (AD) is a service for people with sight loss that makes audiovisual content such as films and TV series accessible to them by verbally describing the visual elements they cannot access. This form of intermodal translation entails various challenges. One of them is how to render orally the emotions, feelings, and other mental states of narrative characters, i.e., elements that we infer from concrete actions, facial expressions, and gestures shown on screen. In practice, we can use various strategies, situated on a continuum ranging from an objective ‘describe what you see’ approach to more interpretative, subjective descriptions, explicitly naming the mental state underlying the visuals. Although early AD guidelines recommend objective descriptions, recent research has indicated that more subjective approaches may offer various advantages to target audiences in terms of immersion in the story world or imposed cognitive load. In this paper, we present the results of a case study involving the analysis of three episodes from different Dutch-spoken TV series to explore a) what strategies audio describers use to express mental states and b) where do they stand on the objective-subjective continuum. The results show that, contrary to what the guidelines recommend, the descriptions are situated nearer the subjective side of the continuum, suggesting that, when translating visual elements into a verbal form, audio describers tend to look beyond the screen to infer the implicit underlying meaning.
Accessible paratext: actively engaging (with) D/deaf audiences
Authors: Mével Pierre Alexis
Published: October 2020

This article examines the importance of paratext – theoretically and practically – in getting D/deaf audiences to engage with theatrical performances. Our notion of ‘accessible paratext’ necessarily involves multimodal forms of translation, and intersemiotic interactions, to provide a crucial point of access for D/deaf members of the public who often feel that theatrical performances are ‘not for them.’ The article focuses on intersemiotic multimedial translation in the form of creative captions for the theatre and, more specifically, for paratextual video material created as part of a project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (United Kingdom) to showcase integrated captions in live performances. The widespread perception that the theatre is not for D/deaf audiences appears to be driven by several factors, including the fact that many members of the D/deaf community have neither heard of nor seen integrated theatre and because access to integrated performances is not forthcoming. Information about such performances, in the form of what we here define as paratext, either does not exist or is not communicated in a way that makes the accessible nature of the performances tangible to members of the D/deaf audience. We demonstrate the extent to which several semiotic systems (sign language, spoken words, and written captions) interacting on the stage or a screen can provide a much-needed gateway to theatrical performances, bringing marginalized audiences back to the theatre and improving the shows’ accessibility.
The chronotopical aspect of translatability in intersemiotic space
Authors: Torop Peter
Published: October 2020

After being introduced in Mikhail Bakhtin’s works, chronotopical analysis became particularly relevant again connected with an interest in intersemiotic analysis. The universality of this kind of analysis consists in its independence from the material in the structuring of texts and in making them comparable. It is essential to distinguish between the textual and the intertextual aspects of (interdiscursive, intermedial) chronotopical analysis. The former presupposes the analysis of an individual text proceeding from its chronotopical levels, and the latter is the analysis of the imaginary text, the text’s cultural plurality. In a chronotopical analysis, it is best to distinguish between three levels. The topographical chronotope concerns the story, depicting an event or a succession of events. The psychological chronotope expresses the characters’ viewpoints, and the metaphysical chronotope determines the text’s conception through interrelating the different chronotopical levels. In (intersemiotic) translation, these chronotopical levels form an intersemiotic space where various translatability problems exist on each level. There is possible to distinguish implicit chronotopical translatability in a case of intralinguistic and interlinguistic translation and explicit translatability in a case of intersemiotic translation.
A clinical case of partial androgen resistance syndrome (Reifenstein syndrome)
Authors: Dzeranova L. K. , Pigarova E. A. , Ivannikova E. V. , Kurilo L. F. , Chernykh V. B. , Polyakov A. V.
Published: October 2020

In the paper we describe a clinical case and provide integrated clinical and laboratory data of a  patient with partial androgen resistance syndrome. A 25-year-old male was referred for medical evaluation for an infertile marriage. After a  comprehensive assessment, he was diagnosed with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, coronal hypospadia, left-sided varicocele, and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Cytogenetic analysis showed normal male karyotype (46,XY). Molecular genetic analysis identified the c.731_736delCGGTGT mutation in the exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, what allowed for making a diagnosis of Reifenstein syndrome. In addition, we give a brief literature review of the clinical conditions associated with abnormal androgen sensitivity and discuss the problems of testing and counseling of patients with partial androgen resistance syndrome.
Modeling Item Difficulty in a Dynamic Test
Authors: Hauenstein Clifford E. , Embretson Susan E.
Published: October 2020

The Concept Formation subtest of the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities represents a dynamic test due to continual provision of feedback from examiner to examinee. Yet, the original scoring protocol for the test largely ignores this dynamic structure. The current analysis applies a dynamic adaptation of an explanatory item response theory model to evaluate the impact of feedback on item difficulty. Additionally, several item features (rule type, number of target shapes) are considered in the item difficulty model. Results demonstrated that all forms of feedback significantly reduced item difficulty, with the exception of corrective feedback that could not be directly applied to the next item in the series. More complex and compound rule types also significantly predicted item difficulty, as did increasing the number of shapes, thereby supporting the response process aspect of validity. Implications for continued use of the Concept Formation subtest for educational programming decisions are discussed.
Development of a Competency Scale for Nurses of a Japanese Community Hospital: The Unnan Ladder
Authors: Maejima Satoko , Ohta Ryuichi
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose

The Japanese Nurse Association (JNA) has established the JNA ladder to assess competency in various clinical nursing settings in Japan. This study developed and tested a specific Japanese community hospital's Nurse Competency Scale (the Unnan ladder).

Methods

Using the Delphi method, the contents of the Unnan ladder were identified and validated in a four-step approach. A 28-nurse panel approved 66 items; 112 community nurses assessed the content, construct concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Unnan ladder competency scale.

Results

The Unnan ladder data were normally distributed. Higher scores on it correlated with higher scores on the Nurse Competency Scale. The Unnan ladder categories showed good internal consistency.

Conclusions

This ladder's application may lead to improved nursing skills and better patient care.
Development of the Nurses' Intention to Use Deep Vein Thrombosis Preventive Measures Questionnaire
Authors: Hebeshy Mona Ibrahim , Hansen Dana M. , Broome Barbara , Abou Abdou Somaya , Murrock Carolyn , Bernert Donna
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition resulting in poor patient outcomes. Therefore, methods to improve nurses' use of preventive measures for DVT are paramount. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument that captured nurses' intentions to use DVT preventive measures.

Methods

Instrument development occurred in several stages stemming from the recommended formatted structure associated with theory of planned behavior (TPB). Content validity was established with a panel of experts, then the instrument was pilot tested with a sample of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.

Results

The final instrument consisted of four subscales, each subscale was tested with four items by content validity index (CVI) ranging between 0.8 and 1.0, and an overall S-CVI/Ave of 0.93.

Conclusions

The instrument demonstrated high content validity. Future research will test the instrument for psychometric properties.
Psychometric Testing of a Structured Assessment Instrument for Non-technical Skills (NANTS-no) for Use in Clinical Supervision of Student Nurse Anesthetists
Authors: Flynn Fiona M. , Valeberg Berit T. , Tønnessen Siri , Bing-Jonsson Pia Cecilie
Published: October 2020

Background

This study evaluated psychometric properties of a structured behavioral assessment instrument, Nurse Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills—Norway (NANTS-no). It estimated whether reliable assessments of nontechnical skills (NTS) could be made after taking part in a workshop. An additional objective was to evaluate the instrument's acceptability and usability.

Methods

An explorative design was used. Nurse anesthetists (n = 46) involved in clinical supervision attended a 6-hour workshop on NTS, then rated NTS in video-recorded simulated scenarios and completed a questionnaire.

Results

High reliability and dependability were estimated in this setting. Participants regarded the instrument as useful for clinical supervision of student nurse anesthetists (SNAs).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that NANTS-no may be reliable for performing clinical assessments of SNAs and encouraging critical reflection. However, further research is needed to explore its use in clinical settings.
Pour une production contrôlée d’agarwood d’Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte en Guyane : approches métagénomique, biochimique et histologique
Authors: ZAREMSKI Clara
Published: October 2020

Aquilaria Lam. est un genre d’arbre tropical de la famille des Thymelaeaceae dont le bois sain est de couleur blanche. Lorsque l’arbre est blessé, en interactions avec des micro-organismes environnementaux, l’arbre produit un bois transformé par sa forte teneur en composés secondaires : l’agarwood. L’agarwood, de couleur brun-noir, est particulièrement apprécié pour son odeur boisée intense. L’huile essentielle obtenue par hydrodistillation d’agarwood est très prisée en parfumerie. Ainsi, le marché mondial des produits dérivés d’Aquilaria est estimé, en 2018, à 11 milliards de dollars US. Face à la demande croissante sur le marché mondial, des agriculteurs guyanais ont réalisé des plantations expérimentales d’Aquilaria en Guyane. Ainsi, l’objectif du projet Aquil@Guyane est d’aider ces planteurs à produire une huile essentielle de composition chimique contrôlée, respectueuse de la biologie de l’arbre et de l’environnement. Dans ce contexte, le sujet de thèse a été orienté en vue de promouvoir la production de connaissances académiques de nature à contribuer au développement de la production d’agarwood d’Aquilaria crassna en Guyane. Après caractérisation des communautés fongiques présentes dans les arbres d’Aquilaria crassna en Guyane, permettant de révéler l’importance des Basidiomycètes dans la production d’agarwood, deux méthodes d’induction d’agarwood ont été comparées : une méthode d’induction par blessure, avec ou sans ajout de terre ; une méthode d’induction par inoculation de souches guyanaises sélectionnées de Basidiomycètes. Cette dernière méthode, notamment par inoculation de champignons de pourriture fibreuse, comme Pycnoporus sanguineus, est la plus performante pour obtenir un agarwood de qualité proche d’un agarwood de référence provenant du Laos. La spectrométrie proche infrarouge (SPIR) a été utilisée pour différencier le bois blanc et l’agarwood et pour distinguer différentes compositions chimiques d’agarwood. Les résultats obtenus sont cohérents avec ceux de l’analyse biochimique après hydrodistillation : l’utilisation de la SPIR pour trier et contrôler la qualité de l’agarwood avant son hydrodistillation est envisageable. Enfin, une méthode de culture de cals d’Aquilaria a été mise au point afin de comprendre, en laboratoire, les mécanismes moléculaires qui aboutissent à la production d’agarwood. Les résultats indiquent une production de terpènes par les cals d’Aquilaria contaminés par des souches de champignons de pourriture fibreuse.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Pisang Menjadi Nata de Musa di Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Palupi Bekti , Rahmawati Istiqomah , Setiawan Felix Arie
Published: October 2020

Kabupaten Lumajang merupakan salah satu daerah yang berada di kawasan tapal kuda Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan sentra industri pengolahan pisang Karunia Jaya di Desa Kalipenggung, Kecamatan Randuagung. Usaha pengolahan pisang yang secara langsung mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Lumajang, baik dari sektor pemasukan maupun tenaga kerja sehingga keberlangsungannya sangat penting demi kemajuan daerah Lumajang sebagai sentra industri pertanian. Kulit pisang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk unggulan seperti Nata de Musa, tepung kulit pisang, bioplastik, dll. melalui serangkaian proses produksi. Melimpahnya kulit pisang dari sisa produksi pengolahan pisang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk olahan karena kulit pisang memiliki komposisi air 68,90%, karbohidrat 18,50%, lemak 2,11%, protein 0,32% dan komposisi kandungan kimia lainnya. Tingginya kandungan karbohidrat dari kulit pisang membuat bahan ini sangat cocok untuk digunakan sebagai bahan dasar nata de musa. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan nata dari kulit pisang sangat cocok sebagai diversifikasi produk olahan kulit pisang. Kegiatan dibagi menjadi dua tahapan yakni sosialisasi terkait pemanfaatan kulit pisang menjadi nata dan praktik langsung pembuatan nata dari kulit pisang. Kegiatan ini menghasilkanwawasan tambahan bagi masyarakat bahwa limbah kulit pisang tidak hanya dibuang atau dijadikan pakan ternak dimana limbah kulit pisang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi Nata de Musa sehingga memiliki nilai tambah.Produk Nata de Musa dapat dijadikan sebagai produk unggulan Desa Kalipenggung dan meningkatkan perekonomian warga.
General variational principle, general Noether theorem, their classical and quantum new physics and solution to crisis deducing all physics laws
Authors: Huang C. , Huang Yong-Chang
Published: October 2020

This paper discovers that current variational principle and Noether theorem for different physics systems with (in)finite freedom systems have missed the double extremum processes of the general extremum functional that both is deduced by variational principle and is necessarily taken in deducing all the physics laws, but these have not been corrected for over a century since Noether's proposing her famous theorem, which result in the crisis deducing relevant mathematical laws and all physics laws. This paper discovers there is the hidden logic cycle that one assumes Euler-Lagrange equations, and then he finally deduces Euler-Lagrange equations via the equivalent relation in the whole processes in all relevant current references. This paper corrects the current key mistakes that when physics systems choose the variational extreme values, the appearing processes of the physics systems are real physics processes, otherwise, are virtual processes in all current articles, reviews and (text)books. The real physics should be after choosing the variational extreme values of physics systems, the general extremum functional of the physics systems needs to further choose the minimum absolute extremum zero of the general extremum functional, otherwise, the appearing processes of physics systems are still virtual processes. Using the double extremum processes of the general extremum functionals, the crisis and the hidden logic cycle in current variational principle and current Noether theorem are solved. Furthermore, the new mathematical and physical double extremum processes and their new mathematical pictures and physics for (in)finite freedom systems are discovered. This paper gives both general variational principle and general Noether theorem as well as their classical and quantum new physics, which would rewrite all relevant current different branches of science, as key tools of studying and processing them.
Sustainably Sourced Olive Polyphenols and Omega-3 Marine Lipids: A Synergy Fostering Public Health
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Pizzone Daniela Maria , Scurria Antonino , Lino Claudia , Paone Emilia , Mauriello Francesco , Ciriminna Rosaria
Published: October 2020

Thanks to the pioneering studies of Østerud and co-workers it is now increasingly understood that natural polyphenols present in marine oils play an essential role in protecting omega-3 lipids from oxidation and autooxidation ensuring that no proinflammatory products are formed after intake as it often happens with assumption of refined omega-3 concentrates. Strong antioxidants exerting multiple biological functions, olive biophenols are ideally suited to functionalize marine oils creating a synergy which has the potential to foster public health across the world. This study identifies suitable avenues to advance the sustainable production of health-beneficial formulations based on newly obtained natural marine oils and olive phenolic extracts. Important educational outcomes for bioeconomy educators conclude the study.
Warping Effects in Strongly Perturbed Metrics
Authors: Frasca Marco , Liberati Riccardo  Maria , Rossi Massimiliano
Published: October 2020

A technique devised some years ago permits to study a theory in a regime of strong perturbations. This translate into a gradient expansion that, at the leading order, can recover the BKL solution. We solve exactly the leading order equations in a spherical symmetric case and we show that the 4-velocity in such a case is multiplied by an exponential warp factor when the perturbation is properly applied. This factor is always greater than one. We will give a closed form solution of this factor for a simple case. Some numerical examples are also given.
Treatment Strategies and Metabolic Pathway Regulation in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yang Huang-Yu , Wu Chao-Yi , Chen Jia-Jin , Lee Tao-Ha
Published: October 2020

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has long been viewed as the first-line chemotherapy for advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, many patients with UC have been classified as “cisplatin-ineligible patient”, which requires alternative chemotherapy due to their poor responses. In fact, vast majority of those who initially responded to cisplatin-based chemotherapy eventually progressed. Understanding of UC tumor immunology provided an immunopathogenic bases for immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, to treat cisplatin ineligible metastatic UC and patients with platinum-refractory metastatic UC. In 2020, data from the trail further showed that PD-L1 inhibitors benefit prolonged survival and progression-free survival as maintenance therapy. Besides immune-targeting therapies, manipulation of tumor microenvironment via metabolic pathways alternation, such as inhibiting tumor glycolysis, lactate accumulation and exogenous glutamine uptake, has been investigated in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, we started by introducing traditional chemotherapy of UC, and summarized current evidences supporting the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and highlighted ongoing clinical trials. Lastly, we reviewed the tumor metabolic characteristic and the anti-tumor treatments targeting metabolic pathways.
Aging Induces Profound Changes in sncRNA in Rat Sperm and these Changes are Modified by Perinatal Exposure to Environmental Flame Retardant
Authors: Suvorov Alexander , Naumov Vladimir , Shtratnikova Victoria , Pilsner J.Richard , Zheludkevich Anna , Gerasimov Evgeny , Logacheva Maria , Sergeyev Oleg
Published: October 2020

Advanced paternal age at fertilization is a risk factor for multiple disorders in offspring and may be linked with age-related epigenetic changes in fathers sperm. Understanding of aging-related epigenetic changes in sperm and environmental factors that modify such changes is needed. Here we characterize changes in sperm sncRNA between young pubertal and mature rats. We also analyze modification of these changes by exposure to environmental xenobiotic 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). SncRNA libraries prepared from epididymal spermatozoa were sequenced and analyzed using DESeq 2. Distribution of small RNA fractions changed with age, with fractions mapping to rRNA and lncRNA decreasing and fractions mapping to tRNA and miRNA increasing. 249 miRNA, 908 piRNA and 227 tRNA-derived RNA were differentially expressed (2-fold change, FDR p ≤ 0.05) between age groups in control animals. Differentially expressed miRNA and piRNA were enriched for protein-coding targets involved in development and metabolism, piRNA were enriched for LTR targets. BDE-47 accelerated age dependent changes in sncRNA in younger animals, decelerated these changes in older animals and increased the variance in expression of all sncRNA. Our results indicate that the natural aging process has profound effects on sperm sncRNA profiles and this effect may be modified by environmental exposures.