bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paul Russell and repetition
Authors: Winton Sandra
Published: April 2023

In Boston in the 1980's and 1990's Paul Russell wrote and taught about psychotherapy in a way that conveyed a lively engagement with the experience of the therapist or analyst as well as that of the patient. He foreshadowed ideas that would be elaborated by later relational thinkers. This paper seeks to introduce the reader to his thinking about the repetition compulsion and to bring it to bear on two clinical cases, one where the repetition extended over a long period and another where it was swift and pivotal. In this way I show how Russell's ideas have power to sharpen and enliven the way therapists might work with repetition with both its difficulty and its potency.
Trends in Abortion- and Contraception-Related Internet Searches After the US Supreme Court Overturned Constitutional Abortion Rights
Authors: Gupta Sumedha , Perry Brea , Simon Kosali
Published: April 2023

Importance

The US Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization on June 24, 2022, revealed immediate and distinct differences between states regarding abortion legality. Whether the ruling was associated with population-level changes in seeking information on reproductive health care-related information is unknown.

Objective

To determine whether the US Supreme Court ruling on Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization was associated with increased information seeking for reproductive health care access in the states with immediately effective (trigger and pre-Roe) abortion laws vs other states.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of nationwide real-time internet search data by state-week from January 1, 2021, through July 16, 2022. Difference-in-difference event study estimates were used to evaluate abortion- and contraception-related internet searches after the Supreme Court draft majority decision was leaked on May 2, 2022, and the final ruling was issued on June 24, 2022, in states immediately affected vs other states. Data analyses were performed from July 18 to January 14, 2022.

Exposures

The Supreme Court’s draft majority decision leaked on May 2, 2022, and the final ruling on Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization on June 24, 2022. Preexisting state trigger laws and pre-Roe bans that became effective immediately when Roe was overturned by the decision on Dobbs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Number of searches per 10 million Google queries in a state-week for terms related to abortion or contraception.

Results

Searches for abortion-related terms increased from 16 302 to 75 746 per 10 million searches per state-week during the weeks before vs after the May 2, 2022, leak of the draft majority decision in states with trigger laws or abortion bans. This was a 42% (95% CI, 24%-59%) higher increase than in states with laws that protect abortion access. Searches for contraception also increased from 56 055 to 82 133 searches per state-week after the ruling in the states with abortion bans, 25% (95% CI, 13%-36%) higher than the increase in states protecting abortion access.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this retrospective cross-sectional study suggest that changes in internet searching for terms related to reproductive health care can capture immediate population-level changes in information-seeking behavior regarding reproductive health care access. These data are critical for shaping health policy discussions.
Treatment of US Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Olfson Mark , Wall Melanie M. , Wang Shuai , Laje Gonzalo , Blanco Carlos
Published: April 2023

Importance

Characterizing the extent and pattern of unmet needs for treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could help target efforts to improve access to ADHD medications and outpatient mental health care.

Objective

To describe current ADHD medication use and lifetime outpatient mental health care among a large national sample of children with ADHD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study uses cross-sectional survey data from the first wave of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (n = 11 723), conducted from June 1, 2016, to October 15, 2018, among 1206 school children aged 9 and 10 years who met parent-reported Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria for current ADHD. Statistical analysis was performed from March 23, 2022, to March 10, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Current ADHD medications including stimulants and nonstimulants, lifetime outpatient mental health care, or either treatment. Weighted results are reported.

Results

Among a sample of 11 723 children, 1206 had parent-reported ADHD (aged 9-10 years; 826 boys [68.2%]; 759 White, non-Hispanic children [62.2%]), 149 (12.9%) were currently receiving ADHD medications. Children receiving ADHD medications included a significantly higher percentage of boys (15.7% [121 of 826]) than girls (7.0% [28 of 108]), White children (14.8% [104 of 759]) than Black children (9.4% [22 of 206]), children of parents without a high school education (32.2% [9 of 36]) than of parents with a bachelor’s degree or higher (11.5% [84 of 715]), and children with the combined subtype of ADHD (17.0% [83 of 505]) than with the inattentive subtype (9.5% [49 of 523]). Approximately 26.2% of children (301 of 1206) with parent-reported ADHD had ever received outpatient mental health care. Children receiving outpatient mental health care included a significantly higher percentage of children whose parents had a high school education (36.2% [29 of 90]) or some college (31.0% [109 of 364]) than a bachelor’s degree or higher (21.3% [153 of 715]), children with family incomes of less than $25 000 (36.5% [66 of 176]) or $25 000 to $49 999 (27.7% [47 of 174]) than $75 000 or more (20.1% [125 of 599]), and children with the combined subtype of ADHD (33.6% [166 of 505]) than with the predominantly inattentive subtype (20.0% [101 of 523]) or the hyperactive-impulsive subtype (22.4% [34 of 178]) of ADHD.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of children with parent-reported ADHD suggests that most were not receiving ADHD medications and had never received outpatient mental health care. Gaps in treatment, which were not directly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, underscore the challenges of improving communication and access to outpatient mental health care for children with ADHD.
X‐Ray Visualized Sensors for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Infection
Authors: Kiridena Sachindra D. , Wijayaratna Uthpala N. , Levon Erin , Moschella Phillip , Pirrallo Ronald G. , Tzeng Tzuen‐Rong J. , Anker Jeffrey N.
Published: April 2023

Peritonitis is a common complication for patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is a direct cause or contributor in >15% deaths in PD patients. Since early detection is key to treatment, patients and their care teams need rapid, on‐site diagnostics. A hydrogel‐based peritoneal fluid pH sensor attached to a peritoneal dialysis catheter is developed to measure local acidosis indicative of peritoneal infections for early detection and monitoring of infections using X‐ray imaging. The sensor comprises a polyacrylic acid hydrogel with embedded radiopaque markers enclosed in a polymer casing; contraction of the hydrogel in response to acidic pH is evident from the radiographically measured marker position. The sensor has a pH 4–8 response range; between pH 6.5 and 7.5 it responds linearly with a slope of 14% pH 7 length per pH unit, and about 1% length precision. The sensor is attached to a catheter and implanted in a rat peritoneum. Results in awake rats show a rapid pH drop during infection not observed in systemic C‐reactive proteins (CRP) levels nor in the uninfected control animal, with negligible drift over 2 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an in vivo chemically responsive hydrogel sensor.
ZnP‐Coated Zn1Cu0.1Ti Membrane with High Strength‐Ductility, Antibacterial Ability, Cytocompatibility, and Osteogenesis for Biodegradable Guided Bone Regeneration Applications
Authors: Tong Xian , Han Yue , Zhu Li , Zhou Runqi , Lin Zhiqiang , Wang Hongning , Huang Shengbin , Li Yuncang , Ma Jianfeng , Wen Cuie , Lin Jixing
Published: April 2023

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys have recently gained research interest due to their good biosafety, biological function, biodegradability, and formability. Zinc‐phosphate (ZnP) coating has been shown to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Zn alloys. Here, a biodegradable ZnP‐coating on Zn1Cu0.1Ti (ZCT) membrane with high strength‐ductility and mechanical stability, suitable degradation rate, effective antibacterial ability, excellent in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility, and osteogenesis is reported. The ZnP‐coated ZCT exhibits high strength‐ductility with a yield strength of 264 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 312 MPa, elongation of 36.0%, and high mechanical stability before and after 30 d immersion in Hanks’ and AS solutions, all of which are higher than those of ZCT. The ZnP coating shows good deformation resistance, healing effect, and bond strength with the substrate, meeting the clinical contour shaping requirements. The ZnP‐coated ZCT membrane sample shows higher cell viability toward MC3T3‐E1 and MG‐63 cells, osteogenic and mitochondrial quality‐control properties in vitro than those of the ZCT sample. Using a rat calvarial defect model, the ZnP‐coated ZCT membrane shows complete biosafety and considerable osteogenesis performance. Overall, the ZnP‐coated ZCT membrane is recommended as a promising biodegradable implant material for oral guided bone regeneration application.
Biomimetic Periodontal Ligament Transplantation Activated by Gold Nanoparticles Protects Alveolar Bone
Authors: Zong Chen , Van Holm Wannes , Bronckaers Annelies , Zhao Zuodong , Čokić Stevan , Aktan Merve Kübra , Castro Ana Belén , Van Meerbeek Bart , Braem Annabel , Willems Guy , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula Maria
Published: April 2023

Stem cell therapy might be a promising method to stimulate alveolar bone regeneration, which is currently a major clinical challenge. However, its therapeutic features largely depend on pretreatment and transplantation preparation. Herein, a novel biomimetic periodontal ligament transplantation composed of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) pretreated with gold nanocomplexes (AuNCs) and embedded in a type‐I collagen hydrogel scaffold is developed to protect alveolar bone from resorption. AuNCs are readily absorbed by primary hPDLSCs, with limited cytotoxicity, and promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs effectively in vitro. In addition, the AuNCs‐induced hPDLSCs are encapsulated with type‐I collagen hydrogel scaffold to mimic their native physiological niche, and then are transplanted into a rat model of alveolar bone resorption. Both micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and immunohistochemical assays demonstrate that alveolar bone loss is significantly prevented. Furthermore, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is elucidated, in which transplantation‐activated osteogenesis is associated with autophagy, which enables bone remodeling and regeneration. This study provides critical insight into the role of PDLSCs in bone homeostasis and proposes an innovative AuNCs‐based strategy for stem cell therapy in bone regeneration.
Microneedle‐Mediated Transcutaneous Immunization: Potential in Nucleic Acid Vaccination
Authors: Wang Haochen , Xu Junhua , Xiang Lin
Published: April 2023

Efforts aimed at exploring economical and efficient vaccination have taken center stage to combat frequent epidemics worldwide. Various vaccines have been developed for infectious diseases, among which nucleic acid vaccines have attracted much attention from researchers due to their design flexibility and wide application. However, the lack of an efficient delivery system considerably limits the clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccines. As mass vaccinations via syringes are limited by low patient compliance and high costs, microneedles (MNs), which can achieve painless, cost‐effective, and efficient drug delivery, can provide an ideal vaccination strategy. The MNs can break through the stratum corneum barrier in the skin and deliver vaccines to the immune cell‐rich epidermis and dermis. In addition, the feasibility of MN‐mediated vaccination is demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies and has tremendous potential for the delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. In this work, the current status of research on MN vaccines is reviewed. Moreover, the improvements of MN‐mediated nucleic acid vaccination are summarized and the challenges of its clinical translation in the future are discussed.
Biomimetic Multicolor‐Separating Photonic Skin using Electrically Stretchable Chiral Photonic Elastomers
Authors: Nam Seungmin , Wang Dahee , Kwon Chaehyun , Han Sang Hyun , Choi Su Seok
Published: April 2023

Structural color can be produced by nanoperiodic dielectric structures using soft materials. Chiral photonic elastomers (CPEs) produced from elastic chiral liquid crystal molecules can self‐organize into a helical nanostructure, and the chiral nanostructural color can be tuned by stretching. However, the ability to control the separation of biomimetic multicolors for practical applications beyond simple uniaxial stretching of single‐colored structures has been limited until now. Here, stretchable CPEs with simultaneous multicolor control, including electrical control, are presented. By engineering the heterogeneous elastic modulus of the CPEs, stretchable and simultaneous multicolor separations from an initially homogeneous color are realized. Electrically stretchable multicolor separation is investigated using a hybrid CPE structure on dielectric elastomer actuators, and multiarrayed color binning and chameleon‐like photonic e‐skin are further developed for device applications. Moreover, multicolor concealed camouflage switching and control of invisible photonic e‐skin are demonstrated. This multicolor control of stretchable photonic systems improves the functionality of various potential photonic applications.
Silicon Microspheres for Super‐Planckian Light Sources in the Mid Infrared
Authors: Fenollosa Roberto , Ramiro‐Manzano Fernando , Garín Moises , Meseguer Francisco
Published: April 2023

Silicon microspheres with a diameter in the range of 2–3 micrometers constitute photonic nanocavities that emit light through their Mie resonances when heated at high temperatures. At 500–600 °C these microresonators show a particular mid‐infrared (MIR) emission dominated by the lowest order modes. Such resonances feature a large free spectral range, about 600 cm−1, and a high proximity to the critical coupling condition. In fact, resonances with high‐quality factor, around 160 are found. It corresponds to the limit of detection of their measuring setup, being 600 the theoretical value. Most importantly, several modes emit light above the calculated black body limit because they feature an optical absorption cross‐section larger than their geometric one. All these characteristics set silicon microspheres as very promising zero‐dimensional materials for developing micrometric and sub‐wavelength light sources in the MIR.
Consumers' willingness to pay for safe and quality milk: Evidence from experimental auctions in Rwanda
Authors: Habiyaremye Naphtal , Mtimet Nadhem , Ouma Emily A. , Obare Gideon A.
Published: April 2023

A major concern of the Rwandan government and other dairy stakeholders is the safety and quality of milk that goes through informal delivery systems until it gets to the consumers. Although the government introduced the dairy best practices scheme that stipulates standards and practices for proper handling of raw milk, consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for such milk has not yet been assessed. It is also unclear whether consumers are aware of and/or value the safety‐ and quality‐related information on types of milk sold in different marketing channels. In this study, we use the second price auction mechanism to elicit consumers' WTP for pasteurized but unpackaged milk in Rwanda and we estimate the effect of providing safety‐ and quality‐related information on WTP using the random‐effect Tobit model. Our results show that consumers are willing to pay a price premium for safe and quality milk, implying that there is an opportunity for market transformation in the dairy sector. Furthermore, we find a positive and significant effect of providing information to consumers on WTP for safe and quality milk. Based on our results, we recommend policies that promote private sector investments in upscaling of milk zones and the establishment of milk‐dispensing machines selling this type of milk. There is also a need for information campaigns that increase consumers' knowledge and awareness of the quality of milk consumed. [EconLit Citations: C34, C91, D12, D44, M31].
Aggregation‐enabled alkene insertion into carbon–halogen bonds
Authors: Li Meng‐Yao , Nong Xiao‐Mei , Xiao Han , Gu Ao , Zhai Shuyang , Li Jiatong , Zhang Ge , Xue Ze‐Jian , Liu Yingbin , Li Chunsen , Lin Guo‐Qiang , Feng Chen‐Guo
Published: April 2023

Molecular aggregation affects the electronic interactions between molecules and has emerged as a powerful tool in material science. Aggregate effect finds wide applications in the research of new physical phenomena; however, its value for chemical reaction development has been far less explored. Herein, we report the development of aggregation‐enabled alkene insertion into carbon–halogen bonds. The spontaneous cleavage of C–X (X = Cl, Br, or I) bonds generates an intimate ion pair, which can be quickly captured by alkenes in an aggregated state. Additional catalysts or promoters are not necessary under such circumstances, and solvent quenching experiments indicate that the aggregated state is critical for achieving such sequences. The ionic insertion mode is supported by mechanistic studies, density functional theory calculations, and symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory analysis. Results also show that the non‐aggregated state may quench the transition state and terminate the insertion process.
Molecular and clinicopathologic characterization of pediatric histiocytoses
Authors: Hélias‐Rodzewicz Zofia , Donadieu Jean , Terrones Nathalie , Barkaoui Mohamed‐Aziz , Lambilliotte Anne , Moshous Despina , Thomas Caroline , Azarnoush Saba , Pasquet Marlène , Mansuy Ludovic , Aladjidi Nathalie , Jeziorski Eric , Marec‐Berard Perrine , Gilibert‐Yvert Marion , Spiegel Alexandra , Saultier Paul , Pellier Isabelle , Pagnier Anne , Pertuisel Sophie , Poiree Maryline , Bodet Damien , Millot Frédéric , Isfan Florentina , Stephan Jean‐Louis , Leruste Amaury , Rigaud Charlotte , Filhon Bruno , Carausu Liana , Reguerre Yves , Kieffer Isabelle , Brichard Bénédicte , Ben Jannet Rim , Bakari Mariama , Idbaih Ahmed , Bodemer Christine , Cohen‐Aubart Fleur , Haroche Julien , Tazi Abdellatif , Boudjemaa Sabah , Fraitag Sylvie , Emile Jean‐François , Heritier Sébastien ,   for the French Histiocytosis Study Group
Published: April 2023

The spectrum of somatic mutations in pediatric histiocytoses and their clinical implications are not fully characterized, especially for non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis (‐LCH) subtypes. A cohort of 415 children with histiocytosis from the French histiocytosis registry was reviewed and analyzed for BRAFV600E. Most BRAFWT samples were analyzed by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) with a custom panel of genes for histiocytosis and myeloid neoplasia. Of 415 case samples, there were 366 LCH, 1 Erdheim‐Chester disease, 21 Rosai‐Dorfman disease (RDD), 21 juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG, mostly with severe presentation), and 6 malignant histiocytosis (MH). BRAFV600E was the most common mutation found in LCH (50.3%, n = 184). Among 105 non‐BRAFV600E‐mutated LCH case samples, NGS revealed mutations as follows: MAP2K1 (n = 44), BRAF exon 12 deletions (n = 26), and duplications (n = 8), other BRAF V600 codon mutation (n = 4), and non‐MAP‐kinase pathway genes (n = 5). Wild‐type sequences were identified in 17.1% of samples. BRAFV600E was the only variant significantly correlated with critical presentations: organ‐risk involvement and neurodegeneration. MAP‐kinase pathway mutations were identified in seven RDD (mostly MAP2K1) and three JXG samples, but most samples were wild‐type on NGS. Finally, two MH samples had KRAS mutations, and one had a novel BRAFG469R mutation. Rarely, we identified mutations unrelated to MAP‐kinase pathway genes. In conclusion, we characterized the mutational spectrum of childhood LCH and clinical correlations of variants and subtypes. Variants responsible for JXG and RDD were not elucidated in more than half of the cases, calling for other sequencing approaches.
The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in U.S. veterans
Authors: Dinesh Deepika , Shao Qing , Palnati Madhuri , McDannold Sarah , Zhang Quanwu , Monfared Amir Abbas Tahami , Jasuja Guneet K. , Davila Heather , Xia Weiming , Moo Lauren R. , Miller Donald R. , Palacios Natalia
Published: April 2023

Introduction

US veterans have a unique dementia risk profile that may be evolving over time.

Methods

Age‐standardized incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), AD and related dementias (ADRD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was estimated from electronic health records (EHR) data for all veterans aged 50 years and older receiving Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care from 2000 to 2019.

Results

The annual prevalence and incidence of AD declined, as did ADRD incidence. ADRD prevalence increased from 1.07% in 2000 to 1.50% in 2019, primarily due to an increase in the prevalence of dementia not otherwise specified. The prevalence and incidence of MCI increased sharply, especially after 2010. The prevalence and incidence of AD, ADRD, and MCI were highest in the oldest veterans, in female veterans, and in African American and Hispanic veterans.

Discussion

We observed 20‐year trends of declining prevalence and incidence of AD, increasing prevalence of ADRD, and sharply increasing prevalence and incidence of MCI.
Tinkering with Mechanochemical Tools for Scale Up
Authors: Reynes Javier F. , Isoni Valerio , García Felipe
Published: April 2023

Mechanochemistry provides an environmentally benign platform to develop more sustainable chemical processes by limiting raw materials, energy use, and waste generation while using physically smaller equipment. A continuously growing research community has steadily showcased examples of beneficial mechanochemistry applications at both the laboratory and the preparative scale. In contrast to solution‐based chemistry, mechanochemical processes have not yet been standardized, and thus scaling up is still a nascent discipline. The purpose of this Minireview is to highlight similarities, differences and challenges of the various approaches that have been successfully applied for a range of chemical applications at various scales. We hope to provide a discussion starting point for those interested in further developing mechanochemical processes for commercial use and/or industrialisation.
The impact of protective isolation in a hematology unit on staff, patients, and their families
Authors: Letrecher Sandrine
Published: April 2023

In order to study the psychological consequences of isolation measures, we decided to take the example of protective isolation in hematology. Most patients there had arrived as emergency cases. They were still shocked, stunned by the announcement of double jeopardy: a cancerous pathology with a high risk of death and a 5‐week isolation period. In addition to carrying out technical monitoring, the medical staff exhibits a high level of personal commitment on a daily basis. The support they provide is very intense, commensurate with the need to pick up any signs of somatic or psychological decompensation. In such a regressive context, there is a necessary lack of differentiation between patients and healthcare staff. The intensity of the care given in the hospital contrasts starkly with the total lack of human support at the point of discharge. Two case studies illustrate how the nature of the relationship between patient and family may be changed by hospitalization. Relatives must be able not only to take a back seat during hospitalization, but also to reassert themselves when their loved one is discharged or, more tragically, reaches the end of life. Unconscious aspects of the familial relationships and of the individual's reactions potentiated by this ordeal are described and analyzed.
Langzeitrissmonitoring an Spannbetonkonstruktionen mittels Distributed Strain Sensing
Authors: Kindler Arne , Schaller Maria‐Barbara , Nöther Nils , Breuer Stefan
Published: April 2023

Im Deckenbereich eines Verbindungstunnels der Münchener U‐Bahn wurden zum kontinuierlichen Rissmonitoring (Dauerrissmonitoring) faseroptische Sensorkabel verlegt. Hierbei sind laut Messkonzept eine Dauerüberwachung der Gesamtverformungen sowie mehrere Stichtagmessungen hinsichtlich des eigentlichen Rissmonitorings der Spannbetonkonstruktion geplant. Ziel der Messungen ist das faseroptische Rissmonitoring zur Bauwerksüberwachung einer vorgeschädigten und im Zuge der faseroptischen Installation sanierten Spannbetonkonstruktion aus den 1970er‐Jahren mit hohen Verkehrslasten aus Straßenverkehr und Temperatureinwirkungen. Bei der Spannbetonkonstruktion handelt es sich um eine Einfeldplattenkonstruktion mit geraden und parabelförmigen Spanngliedern. Die ursprüngliche Decke wies ein erhöhtes Schadenspotenzial an der Plattenunterseite (Rissbild) sowie schwerwiegende Schäden in Verbindung mit der vorhandenen Spannstahlkonstruktion auf. Im Zuge der Sanierung der Spannbetondeckenplatte wurde eine Spritzbetonverstärkung mit Zusatzbewehrung ausgeführt, um ein Ankündigungsverhalten bei Spanngliedausfall zu erreichen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird über die ersten Ergebnisse des Rissmonitorings auf der Basis von kontinuierlichen faseroptischen Messungen der eingebetteten Glasfasern berichtet. Die Messungen basieren auf der Brillouin‐Technologie.
Demographic disparities in receipt of care at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Kirtane Kedar , Zhao Yayi , Amorrortu Rossybelle P. , Fuzzell Lindsay N. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Rollison Dana E.
Published: April 2023

Background

National Cancer Institute cancer centers (NCICCs) provide specialized cancer care including precision oncology and clinical treatment trials. While these centers can offer novel therapeutic options, less is known about when patients access these centers or at what timepoint in their disease course they receive specialized care. This is especially important since precision diagnostics and receipt of the optimal therapy upfront can impact patient outcomes and previous research suggests that access to these centers may vary by demographic characteristics. Here, we examine the timing of patients' presentation at Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) relative to their initial diagnosis across several demographic characteristics.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients who presented to MCC with breast, colon, lung, melanoma, and prostate cancers between December 2008 and April 2020. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the Moffitt Cancer Registry. The association between patient characteristics and the timing of patient presentation to MCC relative to the patient's cancer diagnosis was examined using logistic regression.

Results

Black patients (median days = 510) had a longer time between diagnosis and presentation to MCC compared to Whites (median days = 368). Black patients were also more likely to have received their initial cancer care outside of MCC compared to White patients (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45 [1.32–1.60]). Furthermore, Hispanics were more likely to present to MCC at an advanced stage compared to non‐Hispanic patients (OR [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.05–1.55]).

Conclusions

We observed racial and ethnic differences in timing of receipt of care at MCC. Future studies should aim to identify contributing factors for the development of novel mitigation strategies and assess whether timing differences in referral to an NCICC correlate with long‐term patient outcomes.
An Eco‐Friendly and Switchable Carbon‐Based Catalyst for Protection‐Deprotection of Vicinal Diols
Authors: Román Inmaculada , Pardo‐Botello Rosario , Durán‐Valle Carlos J. , Cintas Pedro , Fernando Martínez R.
Published: April 2023

Even though protection‐free protocols represent a key principle of green chemistry, both protection and deprotection routes are indispensable strategies in synthetic pursuits, especially towards highly functionalized pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, often decorated by promiscuous OH or NH groups, among others. Herein a sustainable carbon‐based catalyst is reported that efficiently promotes the protection of 1,2‐diols as isopropylidene ketals under heterogeneous conditions, affording products in high conversion and yields. Grafting of sulfonate groups onto the high‐surface‐area carbon creates a solid acid catalyst with high performance for acetalization under mild thermal conditions. Interestingly, the same catalyst can be employed for the inverse deprotection step leading to the parent diols with comparable efficiency. Along with a detailed catalyst's characterization, critical issues related to catalyst loading, reaction scope, and selectivity were thoroughly optimized. The catalyst can be recycled, and no impurities caused by leaching could be observed.
Heimexperiment und Online‐Dokumentation
Authors: Denk Alexander , Schüngel Verena , Weber Stefka , Kaulen Corinna
Published: April 2023

Die Anleitung zum selbständigen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten ist ein fester Bestandteil in der naturwissenschaftlichen Ausbildung, der im letzten Jahr durch Distanz‐Unterricht stark vernachlässigt wurde. Wir stellen hier einen Ansatz vor, bei dem Studierende zu Hause mit Alltagsgegenständen in Teilaufgaben die Aktivität von Hefe in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Substrat untersucht haben. Die Ergebnisse des gesamten Kurses wurden in einem Google‐Dokument gesammelt und zentral ausgewertet. Gleichzeitig fand ein Erfahrungsaustausch unter den Lernenden statt und Probleme konnten öffentlich diskutiert werden. Darüber hinaus wurden grundlegende Fähigkeiten wie Beobachten, Protokollieren und detailgetreues Berichten geübt. Die Online‐Dokumentation und ‐Erfassung der Ergebnisse stellt somit eine geeignete Methode dar, die Durchführung von Heimexperimenten zu aktivieren und zu koordinieren.
For patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting and recurrent myocardial ischemia, percutaneous coronary intervention on bypass graft or native coronary artery?—A 5‐year follow‐up cohort study
Authors: Liu Ru , Liu Haibo , Yuan Deshan , Chen Yan , Tang Xiaofang , Zhang Ce , Zhu Pei , Yang Tao , Zhang Yongbao , Li Han , Xu Ou , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing
Published: April 2023

Background

Real‐world data on target vessel of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was still limited.

Hypothesis

A prospective cohort was examined to determine the frequency and outcomes of native coronary artery PCI versus bypass graft PCI in patients with prior CABG.

Methods

A large‐sample observational study enrolled a total of 10 724 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent PCI in 2013. Two‐ and five‐year clinical outcomes were compared between graft PCI group and native artery PCI group in patients with prior CABG.

Results

A total of 438 cases had CABG history in the total cohort. Graft PCI group and native artery PCI group accounted for 13.7% and 86.3%, respectively. The rates of 2‐ and 5‐year all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). Two‐year revascularization risk was lower in graft PCI group than native artery PCI group (3.3% and 12.4%, p < .05), but 5‐year myocardial infarction (MI) risk was higher (13.3% and 5.0%, p < .05). In multivariate COX regression models, graft PCI group was independently associated with lower 2‐year revascularization risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.88; p = .033), but higher 5‐year MI risk than native artery PCI group (HR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.03–6.57; p = .042). Five‐year all‐cause death and MACCE risk showed no difference between the two groups in model.

Conclusions

In patients with prior CABG underwent PCI, patients in graft PCI group had higher 5‐year MI risk than patients received native artery PCI. But, 5‐year mortality and MACCE was not significantly different between graft PCI group and native artery PCI group.
A Cation‐Driven Enhanced Functionalization Solid Electrolyte Interface for Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Jiaqi , Jia Guofeng , Yang Hongjun , Tang Faman , Peng Zhengjun , Li Jianwei , Wang Min
Published: April 2023

The formation of a stable SEI with a hierarchical structure of functionalization is the key to improving the anode performance of secondary batteries. The effects of piperidine cation containing isobutyl as an additive in the SEI structure of hard carbon (HC) and corresponding Na+transport functionality were comprehensively investigated. It is revealed that the large cationic groups of piperidine can promote the rapid migration of Na+desolvation on the surface of HC anode, further promote the decomposition of anions, and induce the formation of a double‐layer SEI structure. As a result, the as‐fabricated batteries achieved high cyclic stability, good reversible specific capacity, and improved rate performance. The mixed electrolyte showed good reversible capacity and capacity retention rate (800 cycles @5 C, 67.31%), which was significantly better than the initial electrolyte with a capacity retention rate of 42.01% for 500 cycles @5 C. In particular, it is also observed some graphitized structural features on the surface of HC, which facilitate the migration of Na+. Meanwhile, the hierarchical structure of functionalization SEI in conjunction with “pseudo‐SEI” contributed to the improved performance of Na+storage. This work provides the feasibility for the introduction of large cationic group additives in the electrolyte to enhance the cycle stability of the HC anode.
Self‐configuration system and frequency characterization of a programmable photodetector ASIC
Authors: Calarco Nicolás , Córdoba Matías , Mombello Lucas , Gak Joel , Lorenzatto Martín , Pazos Sebastián , Lipovetzky José , Perez Quintián Fernando
Published: April 2023

In this work, a self‐configuration system and the frequency characterization for a fully integrated CMOS photodetector sensor is presented. The sensor is composed of pixels with programmable switches that allow each pixel to connect with its neighbors; in this way, an arbitrary detection pattern can be synthesized on it. The design was aimed to be part of an optical encoder based on a non‐diffractive light beam; therefore, the purpose of the self‐configuration routine is to find the center of the incident non‐diffractive beam and then configure the detection pattern around it. The corresponding algorithm is implemented on a Zynq‐7000SoCallowing to automate the alignment of the beam with the detection pattern, without using micrometric positioning procedures. The frequency response of the analog front‐end of the entire chip (the pixels and the amplification system) is addressed via SPICE simulations and experimental data and is consistent with the classical mathematical models, allowing us to propose future improvements to the design.
Iron deficiency in heart failure: screening, prevalence, incidence and outcome data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry and the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements collaborative project
Authors: Lindberg Felix , Lund Lars H. , Benson Lina , Linde Cecilia , Orsini Nicola , Carrero Juan Jesus , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: April 2023

Aims

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in heart failure (HF) and linked with poor prognosis regardless of anaemia. We assessed temporal trends in ID testing, ID prevalence, ID incidence, iron need, and outcomes associated with ID in HF across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum.

Methods and results

From the Swedish HF registry, we enrolled 15 197 patients from Region Stockholm with available EF and collected laboratory tests from routine practice. Iron screening improved since 2016 but remained <25% as of 2018. In 1486 patients with iron biomarkers at baseline, the prevalence of ID was 55% (HF with reduced EF 54%; mildly reduced EF 51%; preserved EF 61%). Iron need was ≥1500 mg in 72% of patients. ID was independently associated with higher risk for HF rehospitalizations (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.31) and with cardiovascular (CV) death or repeated HF hospitalizations (IRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.15–2.30) regardless of EF (p‐interaction 0.21 and 0.26, respectively), but not with all‐cause death, CV death, or first HF hospitalization. Among 96 patients without ID at baseline and with follow‐up iron biomarkers, 21% developed ID within 6 months.

Conclusions

Iron deficiency screening improved over time but is still limitedly implemented, despite being highly prevalent and incident, and independently associated with CV death or HF rehospitalizations regardless of EF. Most patients with ID had an iron need necessitating either repeated administrations of intravenous iron or a preparation permitting >1000 mg doses. These data highlight the need for improved screening for ID in HF.
Facile Multicomponent Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Primary Amines and Cesium (Hydrogen)Carbonate
Authors: Fehr Lorenz , Sewald Leonard , Huber Robert , Kaiser Markus
Published: April 2023

A facile multicomponent, catalyst‐free oxazolidinone synthesis from primary aliphatic or aromatic amines, dibromoethane (DBE), and the usage of either cesium carbonate or cesium hydrogencarbonate as the simultaneous base and C1 source is reported. The applicability of this technically simple reaction was demonstrated by a broad scope with generally high yields, enabling concise late‐stage functionalization of amino groups into N‐substituted oxazolidinones. The proposed operating reaction mechanism consists of a first‐step nucleophilic substitution reaction between DBE and the primary amine, followed by the formation of a carbamate or carbonate intermediate and subsequent cyclization. Additional versatility of the herein‐developed protocol has been showcased in a medicinal chemistry approach by the generation of an oxazolidinone‐modified dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (DPP8) inhibitor.
A Metal‐Free C−H Amination‐Based Strategy for N‐Amino Indole Synthesis
Authors: Corrieri Matteo , De Crescentini Lucia , Mantellini Fabio , Mari Giacomo , Santeusanio Stefania , Favi Gianfranco
Published: April 2023

An oxidative cyclization of electron‐rich α‐arylhydrazones promoted by phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) has been accomplished. This metal‐free, chemoselective transformation allows to obtain synthetically and medicinally important N‐amino‐1H‐indoles, obviating the need for pre‐functionalization of substrates.
The role of protein concentration in heat‐induced particulation of soy proteins at different pHs: Structure and functional properties
Authors: Zheng Yixin , Sun Mengge , Sun Xiaohui , Sun Cuixia , Fang Yapeng
Published: April 2023

Protein particulation is a modification strategy for the optimization of the use of protein materials. The development and subtypes of particulate structures are largely dependent on the aggregated state of proteins after heat‐induced interactions, which is profoundly influenced by protein concentration (PC). In this work, the impact of PC below and above the critical gelation point, that is, 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v), on the structure and functional properties of heat‐treated soy protein isolates (SPIs) at different pHs (2.0, 4.0, and 7.0), was investigated. The results showed that heat‐induced aggregation of SPIs was promoted by increasing the PC, leading to a β‐sheet‐dominated secondary structure. At pH 2.0 and 7.0, the 10% SPIs exhibited larger particle size and lower solubility, surface hydrophobicity index, and oil‐holding capacity compared to the 5% SPIs after heating. Furthermore, at neutral pH, the 10% SPI microgels had higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) than their acidifying counterparts, as well as the excellent emulsifying property for oil droplet stabilization. These findings would provide the theoretical basis for the structure modification and function improvement of plant proteins and, therefore, broaden the application of plant proteins in the food industry.
Functional exploration of taro starch (Colocasia esculenta) supplemented yogurt
Authors: Shaheryar Muhammad , Afzaal Muhammad , Nosheen Farhana , Imran Ali , Islam Fakhar , Noreen Rabia , Shehzadi Umber , Shah Mohd Asif , Rasool Adil
Published: April 2023

Stabilizers are essential components of manufactured products such as yogurt. The addition of stabilizers improves the body, texture, appearance, and mouth feel of yogurt while also preventing technical defects such as syneresis. A study was conducted to optimize the concentration of taro starch in yogurt. The yogurt was fortified at different concentrations of taro starch. Taro starch levels were 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%, with different storage times (0, 14, and 28 days). The Tukey honesty test was used for mean comparison (p < .1). The results of the study showed that maximum moisture and protein content was taken by using 0.5% taro starch and stored for 0 days while maximum fat % was attained in 1.5% taro starch treatment and storage time was 0 days. The maximum water‐holding capacity was increased by adding 1.5% taro starch under 14 days' storage time. Water‐holding capacity started decreasing with the increasing taro concentration. The acidity of yogurt started increasing with the increasing taro starch and the maximum acidity was taken at 2.5% taro starch concentration. The viscosity of the yogurt was maximum at 2% taro starch. As far as it concerned, sensory evolution, aroma, and taste started changing with the increasing taro starch concentration and increasing storage time. The study's goals were to optimize the taro concentration for stabilizing the yogurt synthesis and to probe the impact of taro starch on the physiochemical attributes of yogurt.
Agricultural policy uncertainty and its impact on commodity markets
Authors: Du Xiaodong , Dong Fengxia
Published: April 2023

We construct an agricultural policy uncertainty (APU) index from leading national and local newspapers in major agricultural states in the United States from January 1999 to September 2021. Our analysis shows that economic policy uncertainty Granger causes APU linearly in the short run, but the relationship is nonlinear and bidirectional in the long run. When economic policy uncertainty is considered, APU significantly reduces hedgers' net short positions and speculators' net long positions (except for corn hedgers) in the corn and soybean markets. APU also has a significant positive impact on the log returns of corn and soybean futures prices, consistent with the theory of storage where commodity returns and volatility are positively correlated.
Collaboration between pharmacists in community pharmacy and ambulatory clinic settings: Current state and future directions
Authors: Cochran Kelly A. , McGivney Melissa A. Somma , Cowart Kevin , DiBridge Julie , Dominic Tiffany , Goode Jean‐Venable R. , Kier Karen , Phan Ha , Wallace‐Gray Takova , Wargo Ryan
Published: April 2023

Pharmacists in the community and ambulatory settings are primed for collaboration that can optimize care. Now is the time to capitalize on the momentum and positive disruption of the COVID‐19 pandemic that propelled pharmacists and their organizations to respond with agility to deliver care in new ways, pivot to develop new partnerships, and leverage technology. The growth of collaborative practice agreements within ambulatory care settings, the enhancement of clinically integrated networks, and the growth in professional organization support create an environment ripe for implementation of pharmacist‐to‐pharmacist collaborations. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2022 Clinical Practice Affairs B Committee sought out literature, as well as prepublication contemporary examples, demonstrating models of intraprofessional collaboration among pharmacists in community and ambulatory settings. The committee formulated six key recommendations to optimize pharmacist collaborations in the community and ambulatory settings and formed a framework for practical implementation strategies at the levels of individual pharmacists, organizations, and educational institutions and for legislative advocacy.
Exploring Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Hypersensitivity Reactions Induced by Nonionic Iodine Contrast Media
Authors: Chatani Ryouichi , Kondo Sakura , Kamimura Tadamasa , Suzuki Shinya , Komatsubara Eriko , Hayashi Seiichi , Hashiguchi Masayuki , Kizaki Hayato , Imai Shungo , Hori Satoko
Published: April 2023

Hypersensitivity reactions induced by nonionic iodine contrast media sometimes occur and can be life threatening. However, independent factors affecting their occurrence remain to be fully established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify independent factors affecting the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions induced by nonionic iodine contrast media. Patients who received nonionic iodine contrast media at Keiyu Hospital from April 2014 to December 2019 were included. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors affecting hypersensitivity reactions induced by contrast media were calculated by logistic regression analysis. The multiple imputation method was used to impute missing data. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 0.72% (163 cases) of 22,695 cases enrolled in this study. In univariate analysis, 10 variables met the criteria of P < .05 and proportion of missing data <50%. In multivariate analysis, age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99), outpatient status (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.20–3.60), contrast medium iodine content (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04), history of drug allergy (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.50–3.88), and asthma (OR, 17.4; 95% CI, 7.53–40.1) were identified as independent factors affecting contrast media–induced hypersensitivity reactions. Among these factors, history of drug allergy and asthma appear to be clinically relevant and reliable due to their high OR and plausible biological mechanisms, but the other three factors require further validation.
Missing the context: The challenge of social inequalities to school‐based mental health interventions
Authors: Mansfield Karen L. , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne , Montero‐Marin Jesus , Byford Sarah , Ford Tamsin , Kuyken Willem
Published: April 2023

Given well‐established links between socio‐economic adversity and mental health, it is unsurprising that young people's mental health is deteriorating amidst economic crises. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises mental health as “crucial to personal, community, and socio‐economic development” and outlines goals to reshape environments such as schools to protect mental health. Schools offer an ideal setting to promote wellbeing and prevent mental ill‐health during a key developmental window. We describe how social inequalities present a challenge to designing school‐based interventions for prevention and promotion for mental health and wellbeing, and suggest priorities to aid and evaluate their effectiveness.