bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reestruturação do capital e a modernização da agricultura no sudeste de Goiás / The restructure of capital and the modernization of the agriculture in the southeast of Goiás
Authors: Mendonça Marcelo Rodrigues , Thomaz Junior Antonio
Published: December 2022

O texto inicia uma reflexão sobre a modernização da agricultura, apontando a necessidade de sua reavaliaçao na perspectiva da relação capital x trabalho..................
Diferenças sócio-espaciais entre homens e mulheres chefes de domicílio de Belo Horizonte,2000 / Socio-spatial differences between male and female headed households of Belo Horizonte,2000
Authors: Diniz Alexandre M.A. , Castro José Flavio Morais
Published: December 2022

O presente trabaho investiga os diferenciais socio-espaciais entre os chefes de domicilio homens e mulheres de Belo Horizonte através do uso de ferramentas estatísticas.......
Considerações sobre a vegetação da Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço Bonito - Lavras (MG)
Authors: Gavilanes Manuel Losada
Published: December 2022

Considerações sobre a vegetação da Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço Bonito - Lavras (MG)
Observações a margem do trabalho - "Amazônia brasileira"
Authors: Oliveira Ney Coe de
Published: December 2022

Observações a margem do trabalho - "Amazônia brasileira"
FIQIH: DARI TRADISIONALISME, PEMBAHARUAN, HINGGA GEOPOLITIK
Authors: Marwah Hasan Basri
Published: December 2022

One of the principal objects of cultural studies based on racial differentiation is Islam as a form of imaginative translation boundary that swept the Western world in general. Jurisprudence (Fiqh) is not just a question of legal manifestation and "punishment" of God  in the world. Fundamentally,  fiqh is one basis of the tradition of classical scholarship Muslims in all places. where there is a group of Muslims evolved historically, the worth in it strongly developed jurisprudence as its base. As a classical discipline / traditionalist, Jurisprudence has layers that must be parsed so as to provide an adequate picture to understand the position, function, and process of formation of Islamic law as the basis of traditional society. For that we need to understand the position and function of jurisprudence in the geopolitical chessboard constellation of general knowledge. The role and function of the Jurist  among Muslims must be understood in terms of their position in the world of Islamic knowledge. Authorities held by the jurists were not only related to the transfer are given and transcendental but an authority established on the mastery of the humanities disciplines, notably linguistics (nah}wu, s}araf, balagha), the science of hadis, tafsir, kaidan fiqh, and others.
GENEALOGI GERAKAN PENEGAKAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sodiqin Ali
Published: December 2022

Enforcement of Islamic law in Indonesia has historically and empirically problem. Debating in this case is not a new discourse of Islamic law, but of a "burden of history" which until this moment has not been completed. Political law of Dutch colonial that twist the facts enactment of Islamic law, caused  marginalization of the Shari'ah in the Indonesian legal system. As a result, there are fragmentation among the Muslims in the form and establishes the basic state at the beginning of independence. Two groups of Muslims appeared, namely the secular nationalist and Islamic nationalist group. During reformation period, appear artifisialistic and reductionist understanding, when Islamic law narrowed at the level of legal provisions that formal and rigid. The emergence of regional regulations of Shari'ah,  was more the efforts of syariah formalization rather than enforcing the doctrine of universal substance. It can be seen from the regulated materials that only at the outside or the skin only, not on the key issues that touch the lives of many people. Besides, it appears a group that understands the shari'ah as a solution and a way of life that is totalistic, without considering aspects of historicity and contextuality. As a result is widespread understanding of Islamism is more emphasis than substance formalization. Transformation understand fundamentalism in the Middle East are sourced from Wahhabi’s teachings that has a big influence in developing the ideology called salafiyah ideological.
KONSEP KELUARGA MAṢLAḤAH PERSPEKTIF LEMBAGA KEMASLAHATAN KELUARGA NAHDLATUL ULAMA (LKK NU)
Authors: Salim Mujibburrahman
Published: December 2022

The family is the main foundation in building a strong and integrity Muslim society. In addition, the family is the smallest part of society that determines the progress or decline of a society, therefore it takes the concept of a strong family and in accordance with the circumstances of a plural society and a tolerant society. One of the family concepts that encompasses all these things is the concept of the maṣlaḥah family. The concept of the maṣlaḥah family according to the Nahdlatul Ulama Family Relief Society of Yogyakarta Special Region is a happy family whose basic needs are fulfilled and can also play an important role in society. Elements The formation of the maṣlaḥah family is maṣāliḥ usroh and maṣāliḥ 'āmmah. Utah usrah is achieved if it meets the elements of: the husband and wife are salih, good children, good association, and rizki enough. The mood of the Ammah in the family includes the fulfillment of all aspects of dharuriyat's maslahah, namely: the protection of religion, the protection of the soul, the protection of reason, the protection of the family, and the protection of property. If all these needs are fulfilled in the family, then create a family maslahah. Therefore, the fulfillment of all aspects above become the main priority in the formation of the maslahah family.
TRADISI PERANG BANGKAT PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU OSING BANYUWANGI: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Sugiyanto Muhammad Nur Kharis
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the implementation of the marriage tradition of Perang Bangkat in Kemiren Banyuwangi, East Java, from the perspective of Islamic law. This tradition has sparked debate among Muslims. Some of them consider that the tradition of war has deviated from the teachings of Islam, while others think that it was not against the teachings of Islam. This paper explains that the tradition is a marriage ritual between a pair of brides with the status of a sonship (youngest) married to a fellow surname, the firstborn with the firstborn and the youngest child with the firstborn in each family. The hope of his household life will be happy. Implementation of this ritual was carried out before the marriage ceremony took place and was done at the time of afternoon, when the sun began to sink, around the time of maghrib arrived. This paper further confirms that this tradition is permissible in Islam because it includes community customs that are not contrary to the rules of Islamic law (al-'urf as-sahih). Thus, the law to perform the ritual tradition is allowed as long as it does not harm one party and there is no element that contradicts to the Islamic law
METAMORFOSIS “ILLAT HUKUM” DALAM SAD ADZ-DZARI’AH DAN FATH ADZ-DZARIAH (SEBUAH KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN)
Authors: Baroroh Nurdhin
Published: December 2022

Sad Adz-Dzariah is a breakthrough method produced by the scholars of Usul Fikih to protecting and keeping the human being as Mukallaf falling or rubbing on damage or mafsadah by closing and blocking all means, tools and wasilah that will be used for some action. But as a result of the development of life, there is another aspect that should be of concern as opposed also to avoiding damage or Mafsadah, namely the realization of the benefit or Jalbu al-Maslahah, by opening and allowing to use the means, tools and or wasilah that will be used for some action, by another method of ijtihad Fath Adz-Dzariah. So that the next concern is on the logical link or 'Illat Law must also be seen again for use, so then the transition from the Sad Adz-Dzariah Method to the Fath Adz-Dzariah Method can be done.Kata Kunci: Sad Adz-Dzariah, Fath Adz-Dzariah, sarana, alat dan wasilah
Chordal Preservation Mitral Valve Replacement for Delayed MitraClip Failure
Authors: Greason Kevin L. , Spittell Peter C. , Wright R. Scott
Published: December 2022

Mitral valve replacement may be indicated in delayed MitraClip (Abbott) failure. Although it would be best to preserve the chordal apparatus during surgical mitral valve replacement, this has not been reported for delayed MitraClip failure, probably because there is almost always impressive inflammation around the MitraClip, which has likely precluded previous attempts at chordal preservation. A successful surgical chordal preservation mitral valve replacement in delayed MitraClip failure is reported here.
SUSTAINABLE HETEROGENEITY IN EXOGENOUS GROWTH MODELS. THE SOCIALLY OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION BY GOVERNMENT’S INTERVENTION
Authors: HARASHIMA Taiji
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the socially optimal allocation by focusing not on the social welfare function but instead on the utility possibility frontier in exogenous growth models with a heterogeneous population. A unique balanced growth path was found on which all of the optimality conditions of all heterogeneous households are equally and indefinitely satisfied (sustainable heterogeneity). With appropriate government interventions, such a path is always achievable and is uniquely socially optimal for almost all generally usable (i.e., preferences are complete, transitive, and continuous) social welfare functions. The only exceptions are some variants in Nietzsche type social welfare functions, but those types of welfare functions will rarely be adopted in democratic societies. This result indicates that it is no longer necessary to specify the shape of the social welfare function to determine the socially optimal growth path in a heterogeneous population.
ESTIMATES OF INCOME INEQUALITY ARE BIASED OR MISINTERPRETED
Authors: KITOV Ivan
Published: December 2022

We considerdefinitions and measuring procedures of personal income used by three U.S. agencies as well as the evolution of household size distribution and reveal major quantitative inconsistencies in the reported figures of personal and household inequality. The problem with the inequality estimates reported by the Internal Revenue Service consists in the changing proportion of people with lower incomes. The increasing proportion of low-income population is misinterpreted as the growth in income inequality. The Census Bureau provides personal income distributions scaled from a small subset of households to the whole population. Surprisingly, the Gini coefficient estimated from the Census Bureau data for people with income does not depend on the dramatic change in income definition in 1977, when the share of working age population with (likely low) incomes increased by 10%. When corrected to the population without income, the Gini coefficient demonstrates a significant decrease in 1978. The changing composition of households in the U.S. is the effect explaining the reported increase in Gini coefficientfor households since 1967. When corrected for actual decrease in the average household size the relevant Gini coefficient returns to that of personal incomes. According to the Census Bureau, the latter coefficient has been hovering in a very narrow range between 0.50 and 0.51 since 1974.  Evaluating the evolution of labour and capital shares of the U.S. personal incomereported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis we found that the increasing share of income of the top 1% households does not affect the labour share income. The growth in the income share of richest families is related to the increasing share of the consumption of fixed capital which is converted into private money though the reduction in taxes on production and imports.
STUDY ON PRE-ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION SYSTEM. INDICATORS FOR ENERGO - MINING COMPLEX IN BASIN OF OLTENIA
Authors: BICĂ Elena
Published: December 2022

General behavior of the company's mining and energy is superstate, pursuit function entity, independent of multiple relationships with the external environment.For a superstate behavior, mining company, energy internal control circuit acts that manages to attract, to resolve the problems that arise in the functioning of the internal capabilities of resourcefulness and initiative.

Statement by offsetting adjustment takes place by opening the internal control circuit to apply the means of establishing equilibrium. In our assessment, the company mining / energy has double adjustment possibilities, but is really effective only when they occur in the system superstate.Intervention-compensation adjustment is necessary in some periods, precisely because of the place it has mining company / energy in general economic system.The Company has analyzed the precise functions and features specific means, but was only able to take over certain disturbances.
The Whole Economy Approach of the Input-Output Model
Authors: LIU Fengquan
Published: December 2022

In macroeconomy research that uses technological table, most studies have only considered a special

aspect. This paper develops an input-output model that extends to the whole economy by adding finance into

transaction table. This forms an integrated capital flow cycling system for whole economy. Economic growth is

used to reflect economic dynamic characteristics. Whole economy is divided into five subsystems. On the basis

of subsystem's balance sheet, we set up the simultaneous equation of whole economy. As part of the disposal

income, the new loan of the subsystems is affected by money supply badly and the income ratio is not stable. In

this paper, expenditure ratio of subsystems is used to solve the simultaneous equation. The subsystem's

balance sheets and the simultaneous equation can be applied to study fundamental economic issues effectively.
Friedman, Monetarism and Quantitative Easing
Authors: ROMERO Victor Olivo
Published: December 2022

This paper argues that the theoretical origin of Quantitative Easing (QE) programs, as a general concept, clearly links to Friedman’s (and monetarist) ideas, but that the specific implementation of QE operations to cope with the 2008 financial crisis does not comply with key principles developed by Friedman. Based on Friedman’s work during the sixties, I contend that his monetary framework links to QE through what he (and Anna Schwartz) called the “monetary” effects of monetary policy and not the portfolio balance effect highlighted by Nelson (2011) and Bernanke (2012). The combination of the “monetary” effects and the stabilizing role of monetary policy should produce QE programs with a path of the monetary base (central bank assets) and M2 that differs dramatically from what transpired under the 2008-2014 QE arrangements based on the portfolio balance effect.
Drivers of Low Inflation in Malta after the Crisis
Authors: MICALLEF Brian
Published: December 2022

Despite robust growth, inflation in Malta has been subdued after the crisis and lower than what a Phillips curve would imply. This study examines the determinants of low inflation by comparing inflation forecasts conditioning on three groups of variables – real activity, external and financial – to see which one of these categories best explains post-crisis inflation. The analysis is conducted within a Bayesian VAR (BVAR) framework over two different disinflation periods, the first one starting in mid-2008 and the other one in 2012. For Malta, forecasts conditional on the path of the external variables are the closest to the actual path of inflation in both periods. On the contrary, in the euro area, the first episode was driven by external factors but domestic factors played a more important role in the second one. This point to the significant cross-country heterogeneity among euro area countries even in the face of apparently similar patterns in headline inflation.
Lessons from Enterprise Reforms in China and Vietnam Can Stylized Necessary Conditions for the Sustainability of Socialist-Oriented Economic Strategies Be Identified?
Authors: GABRIELE Alberto
Published: December 2022

This paper surveys a few key features of socialist-oriented economic (SOE) reforms in China and Vietnam, focusing particularly on the evolution of ownership structures and on the relative weight of market regulatory mechanisms, and discusses their general implications for socialist development. It tentatively concludes that some broad principles informing and constraining any feasible socialist-oriented economic strategy can indeed be identified.
TESTING NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS, LONG MEMORY AND CHAOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF ENERGY COMMODITIES
Authors: GENCER Murat , ÜNAL Gazanfer
Published: December 2022

This paper contains a set of tests for nonlinearities in energy commodity prices. The tests comprise both standart diagnostic tests for revealing nonlinearities. The latter test procedures make use of models in chaos theory, so-called long-memory models and some asymmetric adjustment models. Empirical tests are carried out with daily data for crude oil, heating oil, gasoline and natural gas time series covering the period 2010-2015. Test result showed that there are strong nonlinearities in the data. The test for chaos, however, is weak or no existing. The evidence on long memory (in terms of rescaled range and fractional differencing) is somewhat stronger although not very compelling.
A THEORY OF DEFLATION: CAN EXPECTATIONS BE INFLUENCED BY A CENTRAL BANK?
Authors: HARASHIMA Taiji
Published: December 2022

This paper examines how to reverse deflation to inflation. Once deflation takes root, it is not easy to reverse because of the zero lower bound in nominal interest rates. My model indicates that there are two steady states where both inflation/deflation (i.e., changes in prices) and real activity (i.e., quantities) remain unchanged: that is, there are inflationary and deflationary steady states. The model indicates that, to switch a deflationary steady state to an inflationary steady state, a central bank needs to influence the time preference rates of the government and the representative household. It is not easy, however, to do so, and the best way of switching deflation to inflation may be to wait for a lucky event (i.e., an exogenous shock).
THE EQUIVALENCE OF BERTRAND EQUILIBRIUM IN A DIFFERENTIATED DUOPOLY AND COURNOT EQUILIBRIUM IN A DIFFERENTIATED OLIGOPOLY
Authors: LEE DongJoon , HAN Sangheon , ONO Yuji , OH Joonghwa
Published: December 2022

This paper examines whether Bertrand equilibrium in a differentiated duopoly can be duplicated with Cournot competition or not. We show that the degree of product differentiation plays an important role in the duality between those equilibria. Our main claims are two. One is that there exists a unique duality condition that satisfies the equivalence between Bertrand and Cournot equilibrium irrespectively of market structures. The other is that the number of firms of Cournot competition that satisfies Bertrand equilibrium increases with the degree of product differentiation.
Examining the Relationship between Cultural Competence and Internationalisation: A Study on the British University in Egypt
Authors: Morsi Lamis , Kortam Wael
Published: December 2022

With the on-going integration of the global economy, individuals from distinct cultural backgrounds need to be catered to by businesses as well as from international managers; therefore, cultural competence is highly expected from individuals going abroad. The contemporary trend headed for internationalisation has placed major emphasis on individuals being culturally competent. Therefore, this research aims to examine the relationship between cultural competence and internationalisation. Cultural competence as a construct in this research is looked at through five dimensions adapted from The International Profiler by Spencer Oatey & Franklin (2009) which are: cultural knowledge, flexibility, influencing, synergy, and listening orientation. These dimensions are examined in relation to actual internationalisation as well as an individual’s desirability to internationalise. This relationship is examined on academics throughout various faculties in The British University in Egypt with a main focus on Teaching Assistants. Data was collected through an online questionnaire as well as an interview was conducted. The results proved that there is a relationship between the variables. Synergy as a dimension of cultural competence has proved to have a significant and positive relationship with internationalisation. Moreover, cultural knowledge and influencing have also proved to have a significant and positive relationship with the desirability to internationalise.
Intimate Enemies and Intimate Allies: Land Conflicts and Microreconciliation After War in Northern Uganda
Authors: Obika Julaina
Published: December 2022

Land conflicts after war in northern Uganda have been given scholarly attention, often taking different directions. This article focuses on microreconciliation at the local level to unpack how people who returned to their ancestral lands are faced with the challenges of re-establishing intimacy after years of encampment during the war. Juxtaposing the notions of intimate enemies and intimate allies, I illustrate how intimacy and reconciliation may be difficult to achieve between families, clans and neighbours. Witchcraft accusations is not a new phenomenon but I show how accusations are used in new ways as strategies to outlaw and excommunicate others from customary land. Dividing land, another strategy to create closeness or distance between kith and kin is often seen as a solution to land conflicts even though it goes against the clan rules that used to govern Acholi society before the war.
Problems of Linguoculturological Analysis of Epics
Authors: Gaziyeva Masmakhanım Yusif
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the issue of linguoculturological analysis of works of fiction based on the texts of the epics "The Book of Dede Gorgud" and "Beowulf". The study addresses the analysis issues arising from the differentiation of linguistic units used in the process of describing parallel phenomena in the two epics, as a result of their connection with national culture. The differences are evident in the consumables used in everyday life, in the expression of time by different numbers. The societies described in the two epics have their own rules. In these societies, there are similarities, similarities in the behaviour of individuals performing similar tasks, in relation to the work performed. The study shows that the linguo-cultural systems identified in the process of linguo-cultural analysis of epic texts are not unambiguous. As a result, certain difficulties arise when translating them from one language to another.
The Impact of Total Quality Management on the Saudi Manufacturing SMEs Performance
Authors: Alghamdi Rana Mansour Ali , Manickiam Neelamehan A/L , Jantan Amer Hamzah , Ibrahim Saadiatul Binti
Published: December 2022

The Saudi SMEs manufacturing sector suffered a low performance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of total quality management on Saudi SMEs' manufacturing performance and identify which practice of total quality management has the highest impact on Saudi SMEs' manufacturing performance. This study relied mainly on the total quality management indicators suggested by Crosby's model. The data for this study was collected based on a cross-sectional time horizon of 327 staff members belonging to the managerial levels. The findings of this study revealed that both training and employee involvement governance doesn't influence Saudi manufacturing SMEs. However, the rest of the total quality management dimension, namely continuous quality improvement, management leadership, and organizational innovation, have a significant and positive impact on Saudi manufacturing SMEs’ performance. It is strongly advised that the TQM model produced via the current study—which consists of TQM characteristics and benefits—be validated across all business sectors.
From the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Quiñones Miguel
Published: December 2022

Opening message for Issue 18.5 on Cardiovascular Pharmacology
“In My Mind’s Eye”: On the Relocation of Hamlet’s Story by Michael Almereyda
Authors: Almela Ángela
Published: December 2022

Almereyda’s adaptation ofHamlet(2000) has been considered as highly provocative, since it plays with time and space dimensions in a definitely challenging way. This ‘attempt’ at the original play could have introduced profound changes in the traditional interpretation of the Shakespearean story. Furthermore, in this age, dominated by streaming platforms and digital technologies, a revision of this last film version ofHamlet, the most technological to date, seems particularly relevant, especially after having celebrated its twentieth anniversary.Concentrating primarily on the display of technology in the film version analysed, this article interprets the grasp of the timelessness in Hamlet’s story resorting to the so-called ‘technologies of memory’. This dominance of technology can lead human beings to mistake the image for the real, and this absence of distinction, as well as the US corporate imperialism in which the protagonist is immersed, is what I aim to investigate in relation to the presence of the Ghost.1
The chitinases as biomarkers in immune-mediate diseases
Authors: Di Francesco Angela Maria , Verrecchia Elena , Manna Stefano , Urbani Andrea , Manna Raffaele
Published: December 2022

The role of chitinases has been focused as potential biomarkers in a wide number of inflammatory diseases, in monitoring active disease state, and predicting prognosis and response to therapies. The main chitinases, CHIT1 and YKL-40, are derived from 18 glycosyl hydrolases macrophage activation and play important roles in defense against chitin-containing pathogens and in food processing. Moreover, chitinases may have organ- as well as cell-specific effects in the context of infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders and able to induce tissue remodelling. The CHIT1 measurement is an easy, reproducible, reliable, and cost-effective affordable assay. The clinical use of CHIT1 for the screening of lysosomal storage disorders is quite practical, when proper cut-off values are determined for each laboratory. The potential of CHIT1 and chitinases has not been fully explored yet and future studies will produce many surprising discoveries in the immunology and allergology fields of research. However, since the presence of a null CHIT1 gene in a subpopulation would be responsible of false-negative values, the assay should be completed with the other markers such ACE and, if necessary, by genetic analysis when CHIT1 is unexpected low.
Cultural literacy and sustainable development through English: a look from CLIL in pharmacy
Authors: Woźniak Monika
Published: December 2022

This paper considers the cultural aspects of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Higher Education and its contribution towards cultural literacy and sustainable development in health sciences. It reports on a study conducted within a pharmacy degree programme at a Spanish university which seeks to examine the study plan and CLIL activities and explore pharmacy lecturers’ insights into the cultural impact of the integration of English in their content subjects. As one of the main components of the conceptual framework of CLIL, culture by default is an integral part in any activity in a foreign language and thus has the potential to foster intercultural competence and cultural literacy. This literacy, in turn, is essential for the attainment of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although science subject lecturers may have reservations about the contribution of English towards cultural literacy and tend to treat culture as merely transmitting knowledge about other cultures, they recognise its significance regarding the pursuit of SDGs. CLIL activities and support from English teachers clearly internationalised the contents of their subjects, which abound with opportunities for the development of cultural literacy and sustainability awareness. Further collaboration and joint actions between content and language specialists can help to exploit them more fully in class and reinforce the role of languages and language teachers at university.
The New Harmonized Protection of Creditors in Cross-Border Mergers
Authors: Papadopoulos Thomas
Published: December 2022

This article scrutinizes the new harmonized regime of creditor protection in cross-border mergers under Art. 126 b of Directive 2019/2121. The risks that creditors face at a cross-border merger revealed the need for harmonization. The previous regime based on old Art. 121(2) of Directive 2017/1132 together with old Art. 121(1)(b) of Directive 2017/1132 referred to national law with regard to the protection of creditors in cross-border mergers, which resulted in legal diversity at EU level. The new harmonized rules are analyzed. More specifically, this article examines creditor protection through the disclosure of the solvency declaration and the common draft terms of the cross-border merger and creditor protection through the possibility of dissatisfied creditors to apply for adequate safeguards. The argument that other national law mechanisms of general company law or civil law are available in parallel with the special harmonized provisions on protection of creditors of Art. 126 b could be underpinned by the application by analogy of the findings of the CJEU in I.G.I. Srl. Various other aspects of creditor protection are examined, such as the notion of creditor and the rebuttable presumption of Art. 126b(3) of the Proposed Directive. Additionally, a few proposals to Member States for the implementation of the new provisions of creditor protection in cross-border mergers are discussed. Some future perspectives on the possibility of full harmonization in this area and a few concluding remarks are inferred.
Causes of change orders in the cycle of construction project: A case study in Al-Najaf province
Authors: Alraie Ameer A. , Ali Kadhum Asaad M. , Shabbar Rana
Published: December 2022

In construction projects, the nature of the construction process is complicated, and many factors and variables have a significant role at any stage of the project. Thus, when change orders (COs) occur, the project’s function is strongly affected. This study aims at identifying and evaluating the causes of COs in Al-Najaf province projects based on project cycle (stages), to initiate proactive measures to reduce changes during the construction process. This research reviews the previous literature to identify factors causing the COs to develop a categorized questionnaire based on project cycle/stages. Data were collected through field surveys by completing 45 questionnaires during the Autumn of 2018. Analysis results indicated that the COs in construction sites were the result of 24.10% planning, 24.70% design, 11.30% bidding, 36.20% implementation, and 3.70% handover. However, top-ranking causative factors show that the unavailability of project materials in the market is 2.60%, the economic situation of the country and the lack of financial returns is 2.55%, owner capacity in cost estimation is 2.35%, obstruction and delay in giving responses and approvals is 2.30%, indirect cost is 2.29%, and the contractor’s experience or technical competence which is not compatible with the project is 2.29%. The top-ranking factors which belonged to the design stage were implementation, planning, design, and bidding stages. The results revealed that the validity of the proposed methodology compared to previous studies and recommendations for further studies was indicated. These outcomes can assist the construction engineers and contractors to enhance the effective change management process and could initiate further research in this field.
Foundations and case studies on the scalable intelligence in AIoT domains
Authors: Klemetti Aarne , Räsänen Erkki
Published: December 2022

The Internet-of-things (IoT) concept is based on networked, mobile, and sensor-equipped microelectronic devices. They are capable of reacting to their environment by collecting and processing data, computing, and communicating with other IoT devices and the cloud. The deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) to IoT, referred to as artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), enables intelligent behavior for the whole cyber-physical system whether it is designed for human co-operation, completely autonomous operations, or something in between. The IoT devices, including smart phones and wearables, can be applied in a plethora of applications ranging from building automation and industrial systems to self-driving vehicles and health services. The distributed and growing usage of the connected devices deliver the users more responsive and intelligent support for decision-making in a given environment. The foundation of AI is based on data fed to algorithms for machine learning (ML). They require a lot of processing power due to the amount of data and recursive/concurrent nature of calculation. Until recently, this has been accomplished mainly in the cloud environment, where the raw data is uploaded into. This exposes all the data, even private and sensitive data, to the transmission phase and processing system. In conjunction with IoT, there is a possibility to perform ML closer to the origin of data concerning local intelligence. It means that only the results of local or edge ML are transmitted to cloud for more general aggregation of AI. Local systems do not need to send the raw data anymore, which helps on prevailing the privacy and security of the data. This type of ML is referred to as federated/collaborative learning. This study focuses on finding the existing and/or recommended solutions for up-to-date AI close to the devices. First, definitions of devices are reviewed to find out classifications of their capacity to contribute for the computation and scalability. Second, other computing and serving options between devices and the cloud are studied. Those are referred to as Fog/Edge services, and they are more stationary than the IoT devices. Third, the facts learned are being applied in two use cases to support the discussion and applicability of AIoT in practice. The main conclusion is that currently there are no single solutions – neither hardware nor software – for solving all the identified requirements were found. Instead, there are multiple options from mutually connected devices via middle-layer support to cloud services and distributed learning, respectively.
Die Dorfgeschichte in Zeiten von Globalisierung und Anthropozän
Authors: Stockhammer Robert
Published: December 2022

The recent vogue of village stories comes rather unexpected in a time of ‘globalization’. Starting out from Marcus Twellmann’s seminal study on the history of this genre, the present article discusses some possible reasons for this development. The second part gives an outline of the relation between the village story and the tradition of georgic poetry.
Mehr- und vielsprachige berufliche Kommunikation – ein Modell
Authors: Roelcke Thorsten
Published: December 2022

Auf der Grundlage eines allgemeinen Modells beruflicher Kommunikation, das sich von Konzepten beruflicher Sprache abhebt, wird ein neues Modell entwickelt, das deren Mehr- und Vielsprachigkeit konsequent integriert. Dabei werden sowohl verschiedene Einzelsprachen wie etwa Deutsch, Englisch oder Chinesisch als auch beruflich einschlägige Varietäten wie Alltags- und Bildungssprache sowie verschiedene Fachsprachen in einzelnen Berufen oder beruflichen Kontexten sowie die entsprechenden Kompetenzen der in diesen Berufen oder Kontexten tätigen Personen berücksichtigt. Eine solche Modellierung besteht nicht allein in einer exhaustiven und detaillierten Erfassung von vielsprachiger beruflicher Kommunikation für sich, sondern erlaubt auch zahlreiche Anwendungen in den Bereichen Sprachplanung, Sprachpolitik und Sprachdidaktik.
A mobile robot for monitoring floor flatness in real-time
Authors: Naab Christoph
Published: December 2022

As part of the structural inspection, compliance with the specified flatness tolerances according to DIN (in particular DIN 18202:2019-07) has to be checked. Today, the monitoring of the flatness is carried out mainly with levelling instruments and tacheometers. However, these measuring methods are time-consuming, as stacking out the measuring grid and capturing the heights are performed manually. In addition, the data evaluation must be done in a separate work step. Therefore, we developed the mobile robot RITA for height measurement in combination with a stationary tacheometer. Now, the entire process of flatness control is carried out automatically, and heights are recorded reliably in real-time. For practicality, we developed a compact design of the mobile robot in combination with hardware modules. Our reflector tracking unit makes it possible to follow the reflector on the robotic platform in order to maintain the line of sight to the tacheometer. Furthermore, our mechanical pendulum unit ensures that the height measurement is always carried out vertically, even if the robot itself is tilted. Initial practical tests have shown that the high demands on the robotic platform are met and that the implementation of the flatness control can be automated. For that, investigations concerning the location accuracy of the robot were carried out, and the height measurement was validated. It turns out, that demands in the lowest millimeter range are fulfilled. Overall, these tests showed the enormous gain in performance due to the newly developed height measurement robot compared to the previous slow, complex, and tiring manual process.
Debt Dynamics in Emerging and Developing Economies: Is R − G a Red Herring?
Authors: Moreno Badia Marialuz , Arbelaez Juliana Gamboa , Xiang Yuan
Published: December 2022

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, debt levels in emerging and developing economies have surged raising concerns about fiscal sustainability. Historically, negative interest-growth differentials in these countries have played a debt-stabilizing role. But is this enough to prevent countries from falling into debt distress? Drawing from a sample of 150 emerging and developing economies going back to the 1970s, we find that interest-growth differentials have remained relatively low dampening debt increases in the run up to a crisis. But in the face of persistent primary deficits, debt service tends to rise abruptly—particularly in emerging markets—and a fiscal crisis ensues. There is also evidence that a large part of the debt build-up around crises stems from valuation effects associated with external debt and the materialization of contingent liabilities. These findings underscore that, though not necessarily a red-herring, low interest-growth differentials cannot fully offset the deleterious effects of large fiscal deficits, forex exposures, or hidden debts.
Defining Fire as a Weapon (FaaW): Clarity, Implications, and Opportunity for the Homeland Security Enterprise
Authors: Marino Michael
Published: December 2022

Fire as a weapon (FaaW) is discussed within the first responder community but still vaguely defined. This ambiguity, coupled with absent reporting mechanisms, leads to an inability to estimate the size of the problem correctly. This research offers a comprehensive definition of FaaW and argues for its inclusion as a high-threat response. It evaluates fire as a weapon as a homeland security issue requiring additional attention and leadership by offering new data and analysis that demonstrates the severity of the problem, especially compared to other high-threat events such as active shooter incidents. It clarifies which incident types should receive the most focus and argues for strategic shifts in how we currently perceive this threat. It also elucidates the potential to apply established national standards and tactics for active shooter response to fire as a weapon mitigation strategy.
Subclinical hyperthyroidism in children
Authors: Metwalley Kotb Abbass , Farghaly Hekma Saad
Published: December 2022

Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) is defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) below the lower limit of the reference range in the presence of normal free T4 and free T3 levels. Depending on the degree of TSH suppression, SH could be defined as mild (TSH, 0.1–0.45 mU/L) or severe (TSH<0.1 mU/L). Patients with SH are often asymptomatic when symptoms are present, they are similar to the symptoms in patients with overt hyperthyroidism, although they are usually milder. The management of the SH is uncertain and should be individualized. We present this review after an extensive literature search and long-standing clinical experience. This review provides the prevalence, causes, clinical presentation, investigation, and therapeutic approach of SH in children.
Zu Techniken der Bestionymenwiedergabe am Beispiel des Romans „Der Schrecksenmeister“ von Walter Moers und seiner Übersetzung ins Polnische
Authors: Lesner Emil
Published: December 2022

The following article discusses the translation problems of a specific kind of lexical units, the beastionyms, which have been defined as the names given to different science-fiction and fantasy creatures. Walter Moers is well-known in Poland as the author of Camonian novels and is increasingly popular with readers in Poland. The theoretical part of this paper describes the concept of a beastionym as a lexical unit being a transitional form between an appellative and a proper name. The author presents selected examples of how beastionyms function in literature and audio-visual products, relating them to chrematonyms according to Ronneberger-Sibold (2004). The beastionyms described in the article have been divided into speaking, allusive and sound-symbolic lexical units. The basis for this division was the work of Dieter Lamping (1983). The theoretical part also briefly presents translation techniques that can be implemented in the process of beastionyms’ translation. This paper is focused, for economic reasons, on the translation of beastionyms, which characterize their bearers and divide them into lexical units indicating the bearer's habitat, appearance and behaviour. Monolingual dictionaries of German, Polish, and, in special cases, English have been used to describe individual examples. Lexemes with special cultural significance were described with reference to the relevant literature. The article provides a detailed description of these lexical units and gives a qualitative translation analysis of different translation techniques, which were used in the Polish rendition of the novel „Der Schrecksenmeister“ (written by Walter Moers) to create a successful translation of beastionyms. The paper ends with some conclusions about useful translation procedures, which may be used within translation of beastionyms.
Verbalperiphrasen als „diskursstrategische Waffen“: Zum Gebrauch der italienischen Verbalperiphrase andare + participio passato in politischen Diskursen und Möglichkeiten ihrer Übersetzung ins Französische und Spanische
Authors: Mayr Paul
Published: December 2022

The verbal periphrases constitute a typological feature of the Romance languages and they are especially frequent in the Iberoromanic languages. In the context of this paper the use of the Italian periphrase andare + participio passato in the language of politics will be analysed. In addition, possible reasons for the high frequency of this verbal construction in political discourses in the Italian language will be discussed. The study is based on a pragmasyntactic approach because the syntactic phenomena, in the present case the verbal periphrase, will be analysed from a pragmatic point of view. Furthermore, we will examine possible equivalent constructions – still under a pragmasyntactic perspective – in French and Spanish political discourses provided by the digital corpus EUROPARL7.
Russian military perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence
Authors: Taki Victor
Published: December 2022

The refusal of Alexander I to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in support of the Greek Uprising in 1821 provided Russian military men with a possibility to reflect on the past Russian–Ottoman wars and prepare the best strategy for future confrontation. One of the aspects of this reflection was the growing interest of Russian military planners in the ethno-confessional composition and political attitudes of the local population in the territory of the prospective war theater. This article argues that increased attention to the population reflected the desire of the tsarist planners to avoid excesses of a “people’s war” rather than to unleash its destructive potential. Despite a strong emotional response that the Greek War of Independence provoked among the Russian military, their perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the 1820s were for the most part quite restrained and conservative.
CDK5/p35-Dependent Microtubule Reorganization Contributes to Homeostatic Shortening of the Axon Initial Segment
Authors: Jahan Israt , Adachi Ryota , Egawa Ryo , Nomura Haruka , Kuba Hiroshi
Published: December 2022

The structural plasticity of the axon initial segment (AIS) contributes to the homeostatic control of activity and optimizes the function of neural circuits; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we prepared a slice culture containing nucleus magnocellularis from chickens of both sexes that reproduces most features of AIS plasticityin vivo, regarding its effects on characteristics of AIS and cell-type specificity, and revealed that microtubule reorganization via activation of CDK5 underlies plasticity. Treating the culture with a high-K+medium shortened the AIS and reduced sodium current and membrane excitability, specifically in neurons tuned to high-frequency sound, creating a tonotopic difference in AIS length in the nucleus. Pharmacological analyses revealed that this AIS shortening was driven by multiple Ca2+pathways and subsequent signaling molecules that converge on CDK5 via the activation of ERK1/2. AIS shortening was suppressed by overexpression of dominant-negative CDK5, whereas it was facilitated by the overexpression of p35, an activator of CDK5. Notably, p35(T138A), a phosphorylation-inactive mutant of p35, did not shorten the AIS. Moreover, microtubule stabilizers occluded AIS shortening during the p35 overexpression, indicating that CDK5/p35 mediated AIS shortening by promoting disassembly of microtubules at distal AIS. This study highlights the importance of microtubule reorganization and regulation of CDK5 activity in structural AIS plasticity and the tuning of AIS characteristics in neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe structural plasticity of AIS has a strong impact on the output of neurons and plays a fundamental role in the physiology and pathology of the brain. However, the mechanisms linking neuronal activity to structural changes in AIS are not well understood. In this study, we prepared an organotypic culture of avian auditory brainstem, reproducing most AIS plasticity featuresin vivo, and we revealed that activity-dependent AIS shortening occurs through the disassembly of microtubules at distal AIS via activation of CDK5/p35 signals. This study emphasizes the importance of microtubule reorganization and regulation of CDK5 activity in structural AIS plasticity and tonotopic differentiation of AIS structures in the brainstem auditory circuit.