bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partner Conflict among a Cohort of Women during the Index Pregnancy as measured in the Extended Postpartum Six Weeks Period and its correlates in Ethiopia: Community Based Longitudinal Data; A Multilevel Logistics Regression Analysis
Authors: Damtew Solomon Abrha , Atinafu Niguse Tadele , Gidey Mahari Yihdego , Awoke Tesfamichael
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Current intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia is considerably high which pronounced during pregnancy. Recent evidences showed that sexual violence is exceeding physical violence. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of the IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in six weeks postpartum among women in the extended six weeks postpartum period and identify its correlates. Documenting the magnitude of six weeks postpartum IPV during the index pregnancy as measured six weeks in the postpartum period and identifying factors affecting it contributes its share for the ministry and other relevant partners in tracking progress towards eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls by 2030.
Methods
This study used PMA merged cohort 1 baseline and six week postpartum data which enrolled and collected data from currently pregnant women. Frequency was computed to describe the study participant’s characteristics, and chi-square statistics was used to assess cell sample size adequacy. Multilevel binary logistics regression was employed to identify correlates of IPV at the extended six weeks postpartum period. Results were presented in the form percentages and odds ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals. Candidate variables were selected using p-value of 0.25. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of 0.05.
Results
The proportion of experiencing at least one for of physical and/or sexual IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in the extended six weeks postpartum period was 12.14% (10.66%, 13.79%). Over the same period a slightly higher but statistically non-significant 8.09% (6.91%, 9.44%) percentage of women reported that they have experienced at least of form of sexual IPV than the percentage 6.02% (4.94%, 7.31%) of women who reported experiencing at least one form of physical IPV. After controlling confounders, the likelihood of experiencing at least one form of physical and/or sexual IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in the extended six weeks postpartum was 2.14 (1.04, 4.38) times higher among women whose husband had other wife’s compared to those who do not have. On the contrary, women who were residents of Afar region had 86% 0.14 (0.03, 0.79) lower odds of experiencing one form of physical and/or sexual IPV during the index pregnancy as measured in the extended six weeks postpartum. The Ministry of health and developmental partners need to plan and implement Activities and efforts which are specific to regions and that address the problem of polygamy are hoped to address the problem IPV. Such activities should be tailored along the maternal and new born care continuum to be effective.
Spatial transcriptomics uncover coordinated cellular responses to heat stress in developing wheat grains
Authors: WANG JIRUI , Fu Yuxin , Guo Xiaojiang , Cheng MengPing , LI HUIGEN , Liu Zehou , Li Maolian , CHEN QIAN , DONG HUIXUE , YUAN ZHONGWEI , Jiang Qiantao , Chen Guoyue , Qi Pengfei , Pu Zhien , Li Wei , Li Jun , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Liu Dengcai , Wu Yongrui , Wang Wenqin , Yang Wuyun
Published: May 2024

The grain-filling stage is highly sensitive to heat, impacting wheat yield and quality. This study uncovered Chuanmai104's grain spatial transcriptome atlas under heat stress, identifying over 120 specifically expressed genes crucial for cell sorting and subsequent spatial sequencing across twelve cell types. The cell differentiation trajectory of endosperm indicated high expression of genes for cell development and programmed cell death at early stages, and the subsequent expressed genes enable grains accumulate nutrients. At 15 DAP, recovery grains under heat stress showed significant gene expression changes, especially in the nucellar projection, endosperm near the scutellum, and embryo. Heat stress reduced starch and ABA synthesis gene expression, shortening grain-filling time, reducing grain weight by 28.9%, and raising germination rates from 7.9% to 52.0%. Spatial transcriptomics revealed unexpected shifts in the major expression domains for 189 genes due to heat stress, featuring three major spatial shifts: AL-SCU, ENC-PR, and EXC-NP.
Effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor urate lowering therapy in gout is linked to an emergent serum protein interactome of complement activation and inflammation modulators
Authors: Sanchez Concepcion , Campeau Anaamika , Liu-Bryan Ru , Mikuls Ted R , O'Dell James R , Gonzalez David J , Terkeltaub Robert
Published: May 2024

Background
Urate-lowering treatment (ULT) to target with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) paradoxically causes early increase in gouty arthritis flares. Because delayed reduction in flare burden is mechanistically unclear, we tested for ULT inflammation responsiveness markers.
Methods
Unbiased proteomics analyzed blood samples (baseline, 48 weeks ULT) in two, independent ULT out trial cohorts (n = 19, n = 30). STRING-db and multivariate analyses supplemented determinations of altered proteins via Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank testing in XOI ULT responders. Mechanistic studies characterized proteomes of cultured XOI-treated murine bone marrow macrophages (BMDMs).
Results
At 48 weeks ULT, serum urate normalized in all gout patients, and flares declined, with significantly altered proteins (p < 0.05) in clustering and proteome networks in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Serum proteome changes included decreased complement C8 heterotrimer C8A and C8G chains and chemokine PPBP/CXCL7, and increased urate crystal phagocytosis inhibitor sCD44. In both cohorts, a treatment-emergent serum interactome included key gouty inflammation mediators (C5, IL-1B, CXCL8, IL6). Last, febuxostat inhibited complement activation pathway proteins in cultured BMDMs.
Conclusions
Reduced gout flares are kinked with a XOI-treatment emergent complement- and inflammation-regulatory serum protein interactome. Serum and leukocyte proteomes could help identify onset of anti-inflammatory responsiveness to ULT in gout.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02579096, posted October 19, 2015
Development of a nomogram to predict recurrence scores obtained using Oncotype DX in Japanese patients with breast cancer
Authors: SHIBATA AKIO , Tamura Nobuko , Kinowaki Keiichi , Nishikawa Aya , Tanaka Kiyo , Kobayashi Yoko , Ogura Takuya , Tanabe Yuko , Kawabata Hidetaka
Published: May 2024

Background Chemotherapy is crucial for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, and its survival benefit may outweigh adverse events. Oncotype DX (ODX) assesses this balance; however, it is expensive. Using nomograms to identify cases requiring ODX may be economically beneficial. We aimed to identify clinicopathological variables that correlated with the recurrence score (RS) and develop a nomogram that predicted the RS.
Methods We included 457 patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer with metastases in less than four axillary lymph nodes who underwent surgery and ODX at our hospital between 2007 and 2023. We developed nomograms and internally validated them in 310 patients who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2021 and validated the model’s performance in 147 patients who underwent surgery between 2022 and 2023.
Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that progesterone receptor (PgR) level, histological grade (HG), and Ki67 index independently predicted the RS. A nomogram was developed using these variables to predict the RS (area under the curve [AUC], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–0.92). The nomogram was applied to the model validation group (AUC, 0.877; 95% CI, 0.80–0.95). When the sensitivity of the nomogram was 90%, the model was able to identify 52.3% low-RS and 41.2% high-RS cases not requiring ODX.
Conclusions This was the first nomogram model developed based on data from a cohort of Japanese women. It may help determine the indications for ODX and the use of nomogram to identify cases requiring ODX may be economically beneficial.
OsPPR8-1 is essential for early chloroplast development at 30 ℃
Authors: Chen Luo , Li Xuezhong , Han Mingzhen , Liu Qingjian , Xie Guowei , Nie Shuai , Ma Yamei , Wang Jian , Yang Wu , Zhou Lian , Li Wenhui , Chen Jiansong , Zhao Junliang , Zhou Lingyan , Dong Jingfang
Published: May 2024

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins regulate the expression of organelle genes in plants by participating in RNA metabolism. In this study, we identified a PPR gene OsPPR8-1 which encodes a typical P subfamily PPR protein with 9 PPR motifs. Compared to dicots, the OsPPR8-1 has a more closer relationship with monocots, such as brachypodium, sorghum, maize, and so on. Expression specificity analysis shows that OsPPR8-1 is highly expressed in green tissues and OsPPR8-1 was localized in chloroplasts. Phenotypic observation revealed that when the OsPPR8-1 gene undergone heterozygous mutations or lacking the one hundred and third (103rd) and one hundred and fourth (104th) amino acids, no significant phenotypic changes were observed. However, when the homozygous deletion of 1 bp, 2 bps or 38 bps in the CDS region of OsPPR8-1 which caused frameshift mutations, the rice seedlings show an albino phenotype from germination to the third-leaf stage, and then gradually died at 30 ℃. All chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), carotenoid (Car) and total chlorophyll (Chl) significantly decreased in osppr8-1 homozygous mutants, and ultrathin section shows that OsPPR8-1 participates in regulating the generation of chloroplasts. Loss-of-function of OsPPR8-1 resulted in severe defects in the intron splicing of PetB, atpF, trnG and rps12. These results indicate that OsPPR8-1 is indispensable for early chloroplast development and seedling growth in rice by influencing the intron splicing of multiple chloroplast group II introns at 30 ℃.
WITHDRAWN: Lab-on-paper platform for disposable molecular testing with USB-powered isothermal amplification and fluidic control
Authors: Kim Hyun Pyo , Park Ji-Ho , Seok Youngung , Kim Min-Gon
Published: May 2024

The global healthcare market increasingly demands affordable molecular diagnostics for field testing. We introduce a Lab-on-paper (LOP) platform, integrating isothermal amplification with a specially designed paper strip for molecular testing through automated microfluidics process, to meet these unmet needs in point-of-care testing technology. The LOP system has been designed for rapid, cost-effective, and highly sensitive detection, using USB-powered thermal management with a wax valve mechanism. It provides an accessible solution for rapid and accurate detection of various microorganisms, proving particularly beneficial for point-of-care testing in resource-limited environments. Experiments in this study have demonstrated efficacy of the LOP platform in colorimetric detection of foodborne pathogens in spiked samples, identifying Vibrio vulnificus in oysters and Salmonella typhimurium in meat at as few as 60 and 120 CFU per reaction respectively. Portability, ease of use, and affordability of the LOP make it a promising alternative for diverse diagnostic needs, including infectious disease monitoring and ensuring food safety.
Undergarment Needs and Challenges for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liu Yen-Tung , Khan Novera H. , Nicklaus Krista M. , Moix Marie Karen Bravo , Liu Chi , Reece Gregory P. , Francis Ashleigh M. , Roubaud Margaret J. , Markey Mia K.
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Breast cancer surgery, even with reconstruction, can make it difficult for patients to find a bra that fits properly, is comfortable, and meets their aesthetic standards. We explored breast cancer survivors’ experiences with bras over time to identify preferences, needs, and challenges throughout their journeys.
Methods
Fifteen women who had undergone mastectomy and either delayed or immediate breast reconstruction participated in the study. Focus groups were conducted to explore the participants’ current experiences with bras. They were also prompted to recall their experiences before mastectomy and immediately after reconstruction. The discussion included bra materials, styles, construction techniques, color, quality, and price.
Results
Thematic analysis generated five major themes: “Sense of normalcy and personal well-being,” “Struggles immediately following surgery,” “Transitions in bra experiences and preference,” “Practicality with outfit,” and “Association between quality and price”.
Conclusion
Breast cancer survivors' well-being is linked to their experiences with bras and the associated purchasing process, and bra needs change throughout the cancer care journey. Survivors’ experiences with bras impact their sense of normalcy and sense of control over significant bodily changes arising from cancer and its treatment. The study underscores the importance of future research on examining the relationship between survivors' quality of life and garment experiences, including factors such as color choices, closure options, and adjustability for individual needs.
Revelation method of unmeasured phenomena in Wheeler's "Delayed-Choice" Double-Slit Experiment
Authors: Liu XinHua , Liu ChuangRui , Liu HanRui
Published: May 2024

Wheeler proposed the "Delayed-Choice" Double-Slit Experiment. Some scholars believe that the quantum delayed eraser experiments reveals Wheeler's unmeasurable phenomenon. However, all quantum delayed eraser experiments involve non-locality between entangled photon pairs, causing the timing relationship between events on the idler path and events on the signal path to not necessarily represent the timing relationship between the correspond events on the signal path. In the quantum delayed eraser experiments, the time distinguishing the path passing through the double-slit on the signal path is when they pass through the slits. Therefore, the quantum delayed eraser experimentsdoes not adhere to the condition in Wheeler's "Delayed-Choice" Double-Slit Experiment, which need the distinction of the photons passing through the double-slit is done after the formation of the fringe pattern. The results of the quantum delayed eraser experimentsdo not exhibit the unmeasured phenomenon of Wheeler's "Delayed-Choice" Double-Slit Experiment.This paper proposes a method that eliminates the non-locality effects of entangled photons without using entangled photon pairs. By dividing the route of photons passing through the double-slit into two routes and verifying the fringe pattern based on the number of photons on the two routes, Wheeler's notion of an unmeasured phenomenon becomes measurable, thus providing a revelation method of the unmeasured phenomenon in Wheeler's "Delayed-Choice" Double-Slit Experiment.
Investigation of Cortical Activity during Online Motor Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Huang Quting , Yeung Michael , Fong Kenneth , Chien Chi-Wen
Published: May 2024

Background:
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have impaired online motor control. Researchers posit that this impairment could be due to a deficit in unitizing the internal model for motor control. However, there is little neurological evidence to support this view because few neuroimaging studies have focused specifically on tasks involving online motor control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate brain activation during an online movement adjustment task in children with DCD.
Methods:
Twenty children with DCD and twenty age-and-gender matched children with typical development were recruited via convenience sampling. Participants performed reaching movement under two conditions (with and without online adjustment of reaching). Children’s cortical activity during movement was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
Results:
Outcome showed that children with DCD required significantly more time to correct their reaching movements compared to the control group (t = 3.948, p < 0.001). Furthermore, they exhibited a significantly lower increase in the change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (ΔHbO) in the left superior parietal cortex during movement correction (F = 4.482, p = 0.041). Additionally, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.598, P < 0.001) was observed between the difference in movement time of reaching and the difference in ΔHbO between conditions in the left superior parietal cortex.
Conclusions:
Given the function of the superior parietal cortex, it is supposed that deficiencies in processing real-time sensory feedback during the internal model control process could be a crucial factor contributing to the impaired online motor control of DCD. Further intervention may address this issue to enhance DCD’s online motor control.
Contezolid Use for Treating Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Biliary Tract Infections in a Centenarian Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Lv Pu , Liu Lu , Chen Xin
Published: May 2024

In this case, contezolid was successfully used to treat a centenarian male patient with a Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci induced biliary tract infection. Treatment was initiated with contezolid 800 mg every 12 hours for 14 days instead of linezolid due to a significant decrease in platelet count. After treatment, the patient's temperature normalized, the infection was effectively controlled, and organ function improved. There were no reports of infection recurrence or drug-related adverse reactions during a three-month follow-up period. This experience demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of contezolid in managing biliary tract infections.
The Role of Ultrasonography in Monitoring Chemotherapeutic Effects for Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Shi-rong , Fu Ying , Cui Li-gang , Wang Shu-min , Tan Shi
Published: May 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the utility of ultrasonography in monitoring the chemotherapeutic effects in primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL).
Methods: This retrospective analysis included 17 patients with PTL who underwent chemotherapy from 2012–2022 (>10 years). Sonographic features were examined pre- and post-treatment using ultrasound to monitor treatment response at 2, 4, and end cycles of chemotherapy along with follow-up. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
Results: Sonographic findings in all patients indicated diffuse or nodular infiltration with markedly hypoechoic masses. “Strip-shaped” high echoes and posterior acoustic enhancement were observed. In the diffuse group, complete response (CR) rates were 0%, 80%, and 80%, while partial response (PR) rates were 100%, 20%, and 0% at 2, 4, and end cycles post-chemotherapy, respectively. For the nodular group, CR rates were 0%, 20%, and 66.7%, with PR rates of 86.7%, 53.3%, and 13.3% at the same corresponding time points. After the end cycle of chemotherapy, the lesion sizes had significantly decreased compared to baseline (p <0.05). Post-chemotherapy, Adler’s blood flow grades decreased significantly, with 80% graded as 0–1. Among the 10 patients with cervical lymph node enlargement, 70% showed reduced lesion sizes and blood flow signals. The cumulative 5-year PFS and OS rates were 80% and 80% for the diffuse type, and 82.5% and 78.8% for the nodular type, respectively (p >0.05).
Conclusions: Ultrasound examination can be used to monitor PTL treatment response post-chemotherapy, especially for efficacy evaluation after 2 cycles.
Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Comprehensive genetic analysis by targeted sequencing identifies risk factors and predicts patient outcome in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: results from the EU-MCL network trials
Authors: Pott Christiane , Khouja Mouhamad , Jiang Linmiao , Pal Karol , Stewart James , Regmi Binaya , Schwarz Martin , Klapper Wolfram , Alig Stefan , Darzentas Nikos , Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke , Hermine Olivier , Dreyling Martin , Gonzalez David , Hoster Eva
Published: May 2024

Recent studies highlighted genetic aberrations associated with prognosis in Mantle Cell lymphoma (MCL), yet, comprehensive testing is not implemented in clinical routine. We conducted a comprehensive genomic characterization of 180 patients from European MCL network trials by targeted sequencing of peripheral blood DNA using the EuroClonality(EC)-NDC assay. The IGH::CCND1 fusion was identified in 94% of patients, clonal IGH-V-(D)-J rearrangements in all, while 79% had ≥ 1 somatic gene mutation. The top mutated genes were ATM, TP53, KMT2D, SAMHD1, BIRC3 and NFKBIE. Copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 83% of patients with RB1, ATM, CDKN2A/B and TP53 being the most deleted and KLF2, CXCR4, CCND1, MAP2K1 and MYC the top amplified genes. CNVs and mutations were more frequently observed in older patients with adverse impact on prognosis. TP53mut, NOTCH1mut, FAT1mut TRAF2del, CDKN2A/Bdel and MAP2K1amp associated with inferior failure-free and overall survival (OS), while TRAF2mut, EGR2del and BCL2amp associated with inferior OS only. Genetic complexity (≥ 3 CNVs) observed in 51% of analysed patients associated significantly with impaired FFS and OS. We demonstrate that targeted sequencing from peripheral blood and bone marrow detects diagnostically and prognostically important genetic factors of MCL in patients treated in prospective trials, facilitating genetic characterization in clinical routine.
Don’t Wait, Vaccinate: Evaluation of Routine Immunization Administration and Reactogenecity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Bashqoy Ferras , Abdelmessih Emily , Desai Purnahamsi , Tracy Joanna , Papadopoulos John
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants when administering the 2-month vaccine series all at once compared to spreading vaccines over multiple days.
Study Design: This single-center, retrospective cohort study from 2019-2022 included preterm neonates receiving 2-month immunizations. The primary outcome was incidence of cardiorespiratory events from time of initial vaccine administration up to 48 hours after final administration. Univariate analysis performed to identify predictors of primary outcome.
Results: There were 127 patients (n1=52, n2=75) included. There was no difference in the number of cardiorespiratory events between groups. Predictors of severe event included younger gestational age, smaller birth weight, smaller birth length, and higher baseline apnea or bradycardia events at baseline. Vaccine schedule interruptions occur more often when administration is spread over multiple days.
Conclusion: Administration of routine 2-month vaccinations all at once was not associated with increased cardiorespiratory events and prevents interruptions to vaccine schedule.
Spatial Analysis of Racial Capitalism and COVID-19 in Louisiana
Authors: Oh Hyunsu , Thakkar Shriya
Published: May 2024

Background
. Louisiana has experienced one of the highest COVID-19 burdens in the United States. This article seeks to investigate the geospatial pattern of COVID-19 in Louisiana using the perspective of racial capitalism.
Methods
. Using data from the Louisiana Department of Health and American Community Survey, we employed spatial autoregressive models to assess how racial income disparity between White and Black residents connected to COVID-19 cases in Louisiana parishes, controlling for other parish-level characteristics.
Results
. Greater racial income disparity between White and Black residents yielded more COVID-19 cases in Louisiana parishes. A rise in income had a buffering effect on the role of racial income disparity aggravating COVID-19 severity.
Conclusions
. African Americans from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were likely at a higher risk of COVID-19 in the state of Louisiana. Based on Louisiana's unique historical and sociocultural contexts, implications are further discussed.
The Novel-B-Cell-Related Gene Signature Predicts the Prognosis and Immune Status of Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Li xinhong , Liu surong , Sun Tongyu , Li Hongyan , Liu Juan , Huang nan
Published: May 2024

The current understanding of the prognostic significance of B cells and their role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is limited. Therefore, we conducted a screening for B-cell-related genes through the analysis of single-cell transcriptome data. Subsequently, we developed a B-cell-related gene signature (BRGrisk) using LASSO-regression analysis. We compared the immune infiltration profiles between the risk groups. The BRGrisk prognostic model indicated significantly worse outcomes for patients with high BRGrisk scores (p < 0.001). The BRGrisk-based nomogram exhibited good prognostic performance. Patients in the high-BRGrisk group had notably higher levels of immune cell infiltration and were more likely to be in an immunoresponsive state. Furthermore, enrichment analysis showed a strong correlation between the prognostic gene signature and cancer-related pathways. IC50 results indicated that patients in the low-BRGrisk group were more responsive to common drugs compared to those in the high-BRGrisk group. In summary, this study presents a novel BRGrisk that can be used to stratify the prognosis of ESCA patients and may offer guidance for personalized treatment strategies aimed at improving prognosis.
TP53 deletion as an MRD-dependent risk factor in childhood B-ALL: a post hoc analysis from a prospective cohort
Authors: ZHU XIAOFAN , Gao Yangyang , Li Jun , Wang Ning , An Wenbin , Yin Zixi , Wang Junxia , chen xia , Chen Yumei , Guo Ye , Yang Wenyu , Zhang Li , Zou Yao , Chen Xiaojuan
Published: May 2024

The effect of TP53 alterations on childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains unclear. To investigate the impact of TP53 deletion (TP53del) and TP53 mutation (TP53mut) on prognosis, this post-hoc study used fluorescence in situ hybridization test to detect TP53del in 914 newly diagnosed B-ALL children from a prospective Chinese Children’s Cancer Group ALL-2015 cohort. Targeted gene sequencing was used to identify TP53mut in 345 out of the 914 patients. TP53del was detected in 4.4% of cases. The frequency of hypodiploidy was higher in TP53del subgroup (7.5% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.002), but patients with TP53del were less likely to have other recurrent genetic abnormalities, including BCR::ABL1, ETV6::RUNX1, TCF3::PBX1 and MLL rearrangement. Univariable and multivariable analyses indicated that TP53del was an independent risk factor for overall and disease-free survival. Furthermore, stratification analysis revealed that TP53del was associated with adverse outcomes in patients with positive MRD after induction (0.0% vs. 58.2%, P < 0.001), suggesting an MRD-dependent pattern. But TP53mut was not associated with poor survival (79.2% vs. 85.3%, P = 0.317). In summary, TP53del may serve as a predictor for poor prognosis in pediatric B-ALL. Especially children in intermediate-risk group with positive MRD and TP53del may deserve more aggressive treatment.
Effect of Gas-Grafting Pretreatment of Cellulose on Properties of Cellulose-Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Noh Kyu Hwan , Lee Cheol Woo , Choi Kyoung-Hwa , Lee Kwang-Seob , Martinez Philippe , Ryu Jeong-Yong
Published: May 2024

This study investigated a method to modify cellulose for enhanced hydrophobicity through gas-phase grafting with palmitoyl chloride, facilitating easier blending of fibers and polypropylene. In addition, cellulose sheets were produced by substituting water in the cellulose fiber stock with ethanol during sheet molding to prevent the matting of macrofibrils on the cellulose surface, thereby improving the hydrophobization efficiency achieved by gas grafting. The results revealed that alcohol-molded sheets, which expanded in volume, exhibited more than twice the amount of reacted fatty acids compared to conventional water-based cellulose sheets after gas grafting. Composite films composed of the pretreated fibers exhibited superior tensile strength relative to those made from non-grafted fibers. In particular, the addition of maleic-anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) improved the dispersibility of the cellulose fibers within the composite film, indicating the positive contribution of gas grafting and MAPP treatment.
High-throughput plant phenotyping analysis of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm resources using deep learning methods and computer vision
Authors: Xu Shan , Shen Jia , Wei Yuzhen , Li Yu , He Yong , Hu Hui , Feng Xuping
Published: May 2024

Cucumis melo L., commonly known as melon, is a crucial horticultural crop. The selection and breeding of superior melon germplasm resources play a pivotal role in enhancing its marketability. However, current methods for melon appearance phenotypic analysis rely primarily on expert judgment and intricate manual measurements, which are not only inefficient but also costly. Therefore, to expedite the breeding process of melon, we analyzed the images of 117 melon varieties from two annual years utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology. By integrating the semantic segmentation model Dual Attention Network (DANet), the object detection model RTMDet, the keypoint detection model RTMPose, and the Mobile-Friendly Segment Anything Model (MobileSAM), a deep learning algorithm framework was constructed, capable of efficiently and accurately segmenting melon fruit and pedicel. On this basis, a series of feature extraction algorithms were designed, successfully obtaining 11 phenotypic traits of melon. Linear fitting verification results of selected traits demonstrated a high correlation between the algorithm-predicted values and manually measured true values, thereby validating the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm. Moreover, cluster analysis using all traits revealed a high consistency between the classification results and genotypes. Finally, a user-friendly software was developed to achieve rapid and automatic acquisition of melon phenotypes, providing an efficient and robust tool for melon breeding, as well as facilitating in-depth research into the correlation between melon genotypes and phenotypes.
Study of an MoS2 Phototransistor Using a Compact Numerical Method Enabling Detailed Analysis of 2D Material Phototransistors
Authors: Islam Raonaqul , An Ishraq Md , Menyuk Curtis R. , Simsek Ergun
Published: May 2024

We present a detailed numerical framework for solving the drift-diffusion equations to characterize two-dimensional material-based phototransistors and we apply this framework to a phototransistor made from monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) that is placed on top of a back-gated silicon-oxide-coated silicon substrate. Numerical results, which show good agreement with the experimental results found in the literature, emphasize the necessity of including the inhomogeneous background for the accurate calculation of device metrics such as quantum efficiency and bandwidth. We also calculate the phase noise of these phototransistors, which is a crucial performance metric for many applications where precise timing and synchronization are critical.
Exploring the Relationship Between Gastric Cancer and Nutritional Risk Factors: Insights from the Korea National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Kim You Na , Kim Chi Young
Published: May 2024

Background
Gastric cancer is a global public health concern, ranking as the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths despite its decreasing incidence over the last five decades. Gastric cancer rates vary across regions, which may be attributable to factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions.
Objective
We aimed to examine the association between gastric cancer, nutrient intake, and lifestyle parameters in Korean adults.
Methods
The study was conducted in Korea and utilised the KNHANES dataset (2012–2016) to explore nutritional risk factors associated with gastric cancer. Multivariable analysis was conducted to confirm the association of micronutrients and specific food items using questionnaires designed to collect data on individuals' consumption frequency and nutrient intake.
Results
This study enrolled 18,894 participants, including individuals diagnosed with gastric cancer. Factors associated with gastric cancer included male sex, advanced age, low body mass index, and regular consumption of meals prepared outside the home. Multivariate analysis indicated that lower intake of protein (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99, p < 0.001), fat (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99, p < 0.004), and thiamine (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.45–0.76, p < 0.001) and higher intake of niacin (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, p < 0.001) correlated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Additionally, specific dietary items such as tteok (rice cake) and soju contributed to an elevated risk of gastric cancer (OR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.01–1.40; OR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.03–1.25; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
We found an association between gastric cancer and various nutrient and lifestyle parameters in a nationally representative sample of Korean adults. Nutrient intake and lifestyle-related factors play a pivotal role in influencing the prevalence of gastric cancer, suggesting that tailored interventions could mitigate gastric cancer risk in specific populations.
Stakeholder Analysis for One-Health Preparedness and Operationalization in Kenya: The One-Health Scorecard Approach
Authors: Estambale Benson , Mutua Edna , Ochieng Alfred , Osok Damar , Ong’amo George , Oludhe Christopher , Oyugi Julius , Olago Daniel , Ongore Dismas , Nyamongo Isaac K.
Published: May 2024

Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a climate-sensitive mosquito-borne zoonotic disease with the potential to cause major economic losses due to its high mortality rate in domestic animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. Disease outbreaks are closely associated with climate-driven ecosystem changes that modify interfaces between animals, humans, and the ecosystem. This study evaluated Baringo County, an administrative county in the Rift Valley of Kenya, to determine its preparedness to implement the One-Health Approach (OHA) to combat Rift Valley Fever.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to interview 31 officers from One Health-related government departments in Baringo County. A structured questionnaire based on a One-Health (OH) scorecard system was used to interrogate four components of One-Health. These included capacity, intervention science, risk management, and impact. A binary characterization of the responses was used to assign affirmative responses corresponding to good intervention practices a value of 1 and negative responses a value of zero. Chi-square tests of association were used to determine the associations between existing intervention practices and OHA preparedness.
Results: The study established that Baringo County lacked a structured governance system for operationalizing OHA activities. This was characterized by poor organizational culture and insufficient resource allocation. There was no coordinated implementation of interventions between the different sectors, no implementation research to assess the efficiency of interventions, and no systems analysis within OHA interfaces. The County was, therefore, not resilient to environmental drivers of RVF and had weak risk mitigation strategies in the three One-Health interfaces that include animal, human, and ecosystems. RVF risk potential was determined to be highest in the previous RVF hotspots where its impact was severe.
Conclusion: Baringo County lacks the preparedness for operationalizing the OHA in controlling RVF outbreaks. Based on these findings, the paper recommends: 1) The establishment of a County One-Health Unit comprising interdisciplinary experts from relevant sectors, 2) Capacity building to enhance OHA preparedness, 3) A continuous systems analysis to identify vulnerabilities and changes in the three One Health interfaces and 4) Integrated multisectoral planning and intervention against RVF threat.
Combined ameliorative effect of N-Acetylcysteine and Vitamin C on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Balb/C mice via Immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant and downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers
Authors: Bethala Krupavaram , Lakshmi BVS
Published: May 2024

Background:
The present study investigated immunomodulatory effects of N -Acetylcysteine and Vitamin C on Cyclophosphamide induced Immunosuppression in Balb/C mouse models.
Methods:
Thirty two Balb/c mice randomly divided into 4 groups. One group of healthy mice acted as normal control. 80 mg/kg/day cyclophosphamide (i.p.) was administered on day 1-3 and 9 for all other groups. From day 4 to 21, the cyclophosphamide treated mice were administered as: saline in positive control, N- Acetylcysteine (200mg/kg), N-Acetylcysteine (200mg/kg) + Vitamin C (200mg/kg). On 22nd day, thymus and spleen tissues isolated, processed for histopathological examination. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological, biochemical, immunological and parameters.
Results: NAC and Vit C prevented the Cyclophosphamide induced spleen and thymus injury compared with normal control, prevented the decrease in numbers of peripheral RBC, WBC, Hb and platelets, providing supportive evidence for their anti-leukopenia activities; reversed decreased activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), GR and rise in MDA. NAC and Vit C also enhanced humoral immune function through increasing level of IgG; significantly decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines-TNF-α and IL-2 levels in serum; produced an increase in circulating serum immunoglobulins in haemagglutinating antibody titre test. Decrease in foot pad edema in delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction test; showed an increase in the neutrophil adhesion to the nylon fibres.
Conclusion: Taken together, our results provide scientific evidence for synergic effect between NAC and Vit C as a co-treatment for enhancing humoral and cellular immune functions, augmenting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Individual differences in the acquisition of shared syntactic representations: A re-analysis of studies using an artificial language learning paradigm
Authors: Muylle Merel , Bernolet Sarah , Hartsuiker Robert J.
Published: May 2024

A series of artificial language (AL) learning studies investigated the development of shared syntactic representations during early stages of second language (L2) acquisition. In this paradigm, the sharing of syntax is measured by means of structural priming: if structures are shared between two languages, a sentence in one language (e.g., the AL) should prime the structure of a sentence in another language (e.g., Dutch) and vice versa. According to Hartsuiker and Bernolet’s (2017) developmental theory, syntactic representations evolve gradually from item-specific to more abstract with increasing L2 proficiency. The current study tested this hypothesis by focusing on individual differences in AL proficiency during the first day of acquisition in a re-analysis of three AL studies. We predicted that individuals with higher AL proficiency levels show more cross-linguistic priming than those with lower levels. AL proficiency was indeed related to the magnitude of structural priming, although the strongest evidence for modulation of priming by proficiency was obtained for item-specific priming. Additionally, we observed that working memory (WM) capacity and L1 proficiency predicted AL proficiency and priming in general. Finally, WM capacity predicted the magnitude of priming in ditransitive sentences, but not in transitive sentences, suggesting a larger role for WM in ditransitive vs. transitive priming.
Multi-task and multi-stage commodity sorting algorithm for distributed e-commerce logistics system
Authors: Gao Li , Yang Heyu , Gu Kai
Published: May 2024

With the increasing scale of e-commerce and logistics, factors such as the types, quantities, and volumes of goods sorted in logistics have made the sorting process more difficult. A single serial logistics workshop sorting method cannot meet the growing business needs, with low sorting speed and inability to make reasonable use of sorting machine resources. This article proposes a distributed logistics system commodity sorting algorithm, which sorts multiple types of goods through multiple machines and divides the sorting task into multiple stages for processing. We present the Distributed Dynamic Programming Memetic System (DDPMS): (1) Parallel sorting process architecture realizes multi-stage parallel acceleration, and dynamic programming algorithm plans the execution order of commodity sorting tasks to reduce total sorting time. (2) The meme algorithm first initializes the sorting machine scheduling scheme through an improved dragonfly algorithm, and the mutation operator prevents the solution from falling into local optima. (3) And a local reinforcement search optimization solution based on fuzzy Q-Learning was designed, using the Softmax Green strategy to cope with more complex machine resource sizes and quantities. Improve resource utilization, reduce sorting time, and ensure system load balancing. Through experimental verification, the execution efficiency of distributed sorting technology has been improved by 2 and 4 times compared to traditional algorithms; By comparing the improved Dragonfly algorithm with different numbers of sorting machines and single machine instances, the algorithm converges to a more optimal solution compared to the baseline algorithm. Fuzzy Q-Learning also has advantages in terms of search ability and efficiency.
Big Image Data 15Vs Model for Intelligent Data Ocean of Multimedia Things
Authors: Mahabadi Aminollah , Abdolazimi Faezeh
Published: May 2024

The classification of large image data using traditional methods has been based on changes in image gray features, extraction of edge and contour feature information, or conversion between image coordinate sets. However, due to the growth of new image size and big image data (BID) in real-time multimedia communication and future online big data (BD) applications, these methods have become increasingly complex and resulting in poor real-time performance. These complex methods suffer from complex algorithms, massive data communication, slow processing speed, unintelligent predictive modeling, weak data classification, limited accuracy, uncleaned usage data, combined destructive artificial and natural noise, exchanging data values over time, and exhausting updating data for accurate operation of media storage. In the era of the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT), most modern devices can accurately capture vast amounts of observational data in the form of valuable images, text, and acoustic recordings. This reliable data must be kept valid for local data processing at different times and for globally extracting knowledge from information at various data levels to address forthcoming challenges related to big image data. The challenges of secure communication require accurate, reliable, fast, and effective information gathering for local decision-making and global knowledge mining of BID to support cyber-physical systems for speedy data virtualization of smart city devices. Complex and uncontrollable problems persist on the outskirts of grids, fogs, and cloud networks regarding data cleansing and privacy protection for intelligent data ocean management. This study developed a new 15Vs model empirically to examine distributed big image data processing based on a modern BID connectivity approach. The model accurately extracts textured features from visible data images and overcomes a unique set of key challenges. The model introduces a strategic analyzer, uses intelligent local agents, and recruits clever global bots to provide a suitable platform for generous support of bot-oriented BD processing. This instantly forms a hierarchical data level for better data acquisition and cleansing, safe privacy protection, suitable information diffusion, and speedy knowledge extraction. Our study presents a novel definition of BID to address the ultimate challenges of data management in a high-risk environment for further big image data modeling research needs.
Robust Multi-Target Tracking with Integrated Knowledge Model, Graph Structures, and Statistical Analysis in Unobservable Environments
Authors: Mehrizi Ali , Yazdi Hadi Sadoghi
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach to vehicle tracking in video streams, utilizing graph structures, integrated prior knowledge, and forecasting techniques. The method encompasses statistical analysis and prediction of non-identical periodic events, specifically tailored to the characteristics of vehicles in motion. Through the generation of pseudo-observations, auxiliary information is provided to the tracker, effectively capturing the underlying dynamics of vehicle movements. The approach is evaluated on tracking datasets, demonstrating substantial improvements in tracking performance, especially in scenarios with camera sensor occlusion caused by physical obstructions, which is a common challenge encountered in camera-based tracking systems.
Machine Learning Based Photovoltaic Power and Energy Prediction in time-frequency domain
Authors: aouni Abdelaziz El , Naimi Salah Eddine , Ayat Yassine
Published: May 2024

Efficient energy management in smart-grid systems relies heavily on accurate photovoltaic (PV) power production forecasting. In this study, we explore the benefits of employing frequency domain methods for PV panel power production forecasting. moreover two methods are proposed in this article, Discrete Wavelet Transform with Long Short-Term Memory (DWT-LSTM) for short-term forecasting and LSTM combined with Short-Time Fourier Transform and an Artificial Neural Network (LSTM-STFT-ANN) for long-term forecasting. to assess the robustness of the proposed methods, extensive testing and comparison was conducted with the state of the art methods LSTM combined with a conventional neural network (CNN-LSTM) on an unknown dataset spanning two years, enabling prediction performance evaluation under varying weather conditions, including foggy and cloudy scenarios. Additionally, we evaluated the total energy produced across different time horizons. The performance assessment results for 1-hour horizon power forecasting revealed that the DWT-LSTM method achieved an average normalized root mean squared error (HH) of approximately 0.16, outperforming the classical CNN-LSTM method, which yielded an HH of more than 0.22. For longer-horizon forecasts, the LSTM-STFT-ANN method exhibited higher efficiency. For instance, for 2-day horizon, the HH indicator was recorded as 0.35 for LSTM-STFT-ANN, compared to around 0.54 for the CNN-LSTM method.
Structural Impacts of Two Disease-linked ADAR1 Mutants: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Huang Wen-Chieh , Hsu Chia-Hung , Albu Titus , Yang Chia-Ning
Published: May 2024

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are pivotal RNA-editing enzymes responsible for converting adenosine to inosine within double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Dysregulation of ADAR1 editing activity, often arising from genetic mutations, has been linked to elevated interferon levels and the onset of autoinflammatory diseases. However, understanding the molecular underpinnings of this dysregulation is impeded by the lack of an experimentally determined structure for the ADAR1 deaminase domain. In this computational study, we utilized homology modeling and the AlphaFold2 to construct structural models of the ADAR1 deaminase domain in wild-type and two pathogenic variants, R892H and Y1112F, to decipher the structural impact on the reduced deaminase activity. Our findings illuminate the critical role of structural complementarity between the ADAR1 deaminase domain and dsRNA in enzyme-substrate recognition. That is, the relative position of E1008 and K1120 must be maintained so that they can insert into the minor and major grooves of the substrate dsRNA, respectively, facilitating the flipping-out of adenosine to be accommodated within a cavity surrounding E912. Both the orthosteric R892 mutations of R892 and the allosteric Y1112F mutation alter K1120 position and ultimately hinder substrate RNA binding.