bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Teaching Reform of Web Design Course in Colleges and Universities Colleges and universities
Authors: Mei Rong
Published: August 2023

Web design is a key course for computer majors in colleges and universities, and it has the characteristics of comprehensiveness and practicability. In order to ensure the quality of web design teaching, teachers need to formulate reasonable teaching strategies in combination with teaching content and student characteristics. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the teaching of computer web design in colleges and universities, studies the effective strategies and related precautions of computer web design teaching in colleges and universities, and hopes to provide reference information for relevant teachers.
Broadening Computer Science Access, Participation, and Experience of K-12 Students of Color Through a Collective Impact Approach
Authors:   , Patel Sonal
Published: August 2023

This qualitative case study explores the effectiveness of a collective impact approach to broaden the capacity, access, participation, and experience of K-12 students in computer science education, with a focus on students of color. The study investigates the effectiveness of a CSforALL workshop in achieving equitable outcomes and creating a district computer science vision. The research questions were designed to identify the effectiveness of the workshop in broadening participation and access to high-quality, rigorous, and culturally responsive computer science education. The study found that having multiple educational partners involved in creating a shared vision and goals was valuable for understanding the district’s computer science needs. The collective impact approach was found to be effective in creating a mutually reinforcing plan of action for CS implementation and continuing ongoing communication with all partners. However, there was limited mention of addressing the specific needs of students of color in CS, highlighting the need for more efforts to ensure equitable outcomes in K-12 computer science education.
Development of Interactive Video Media Solfeggio Learning in Performing Arts Education Study Program, FKIP UNTAN
Authors: Putra Zakarias Aria Widyatama , Ghozali Imam , Sagala Mastri Dihita , Grandena Egi Putri
Published: August 2023

This research is development of interactive video-based  solfeggio learning media in the Performing Arts Education Study Program, FKIP, UNTAN. The purpose of the study is to produce products in the form of interactive video solfeggio learning media, test the feasibility of interactive video-based solfeggio learning media, and describe the response of educators and students to interactive video-based solfeggio learning media. The research method used 4D Thiagarajan research and development with stages of define, design, development, and dissemination. The subjects and research time of students in semesters 3-5 and will be held from July to September 2022. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and interviews. Research instruments are addressed to media and material validators and users by providing instrument questionnaires as well as criticism, input, and suggestions. Data analysis uses a Likerts scale. The results of research that interactive videos are very worthy of being used as a learning medium for solfeggio. Based on the results of media validation by students that solfeggio material can improve the ability to read block notation.
Prototype "Kendang Jaipong" Virtual Instrument as Music Creativity Tools
Authors: Gunawan Iwan
Published: August 2023

Numerous organological discoveries in the form of virtual instruments have surfaced as a result of the impact of developing digital music technology. To conserve and promote music based on local culture, organological innovations in the form of virtual instruments, such as the kendang jaipong, must be implemented. The goal of this work is to describe the development of the kendang jaipong virtual instrument from organological investigations through the realization of a marketable prototype. By sampling from the Kendang Jaipong’s actual instrument and converting it into a virtual instrument based on the KONTAKT Library, the technique utilized is practice-led research, also known as practice-based research. Pre-production, production, and post-production are the three stages of the design process. This prototype makes use of 137 samples that are based on a variety of chosen kendang sounds. To enable each type of kendang sound to function as a virtual instrument in DAW and Digital Music Notation programs, the audio samples are organized in a placement system on the keyboard keys included in the KONTAKT feature. The Kendang Jaipong prototype has been successfully tested on several music productions using DAW-cast and video score. The usage of the multi-round robin's function to have a more diversified sample, as well as the addition of the midi files capability, are things that need to be developed on this prototype product so that it may be used as a machine learning by users.
Subject of Main Instruments (Violin) Madya Level Course In Music Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Authors: Sarjoko Moh
Published: August 2023

Soprano violin is part of a stringed instrument. Today, the violin is one of the most popular musical instruments in the community. Many people learn this violin instrument in studios, music courses, schools and other educational institutions. Therefore, the need for the availability of this violin instrument is quite a lot. This also has an impact on the needs of teachers/tutors, the need for books/tools to support the ability to play the violin, and so on. Music Study Program, Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya is one of the educational institutions where many students choose the violin major specialization. This research is a class action research at the intermediate level elective principal instrument subject using the case study method through direct observation of the level of difficulty and suitability of the material, so that it can produce a book output. This book is a guide in learning the violin musical instrument which is equipped with techniques, scales, etudes, and repertoire for students of the Music Study Program, Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya who are taking the subject matter of violin at the intermediate level.
System of Inheritance as a Preservation Effort of Kuriding In South Kalimantan
Authors: Najamudin Muhammad , Wadiyo Wadiyo , Sinaga Syahrul Syah
Published: August 2023

This research generally aims to look at the inheritance system as an effort to preserve kuriding music in South Kalimantan. The method used is a qualitative method with an ethnomusicological approach, namely kuriding instrument craftsmen, academics, and the community in South Kalimantan. The main data collection tool in this study is the researcher himself as the key instrument. Based on the results of research on inheritance systems (1) History, (2) Concept of Inheritance, (3) Performance Presentation, (4) How to Play, and (5) Conservative Ideological Values. The research is expected to provide knowledge about South Kalimantan kuriding music to the community as the owner of the art.
Aesthetic Perception in The Experience of Javanese Gamelan Pengrawit
Authors: Setiawan Pieter , Mulyana Aton , Haryono Timbul
Published: August 2023

Aesthetic perception is an individual's perspective on aesthetic objects. Javanese Gamelan as an aesthetic object for pengrawit certainly contains various values ​​and ideas from the musicians themselves. Aesthetic perception in Russel Sharman's view is the imposition of value on experience. This paper attempts to explore the experience of the musicians in interpreting their experiences in contact with the Javanese Gamelan. The three subjects studied were Suwito Radyo, Sukisno, and Sito Mardowo. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. The data obtained was analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to reveal the truth behind the phenomena experienced by the subject. This study found four aspects that influence and shape the subject's aesthetic perception. The four aspects are: social aspect, personal aspect, musical aspect, and psychological aspect.
Revisiting Old Curriculum as The Evaluation Basis of Current Classical Guitar Studies at Indonesian Undergraduate Studies in Music
Authors: Indrawan Andre
Published: August 2023

The learning process of classical guitar at Yogyakarta Indonesian Institute of the Arts used to be a national reference. Since split into four independent programs and the last curriculum revision, classical guitar teaching across study programs requires hard work amid ambiguous and overlapping curricula. The research aims to uncover the excellence of the old curriculum as a historical foundation in evaluating current models of classical guitar learning. Using qualitative methods with a document analysis and archival approach, this seeks to overview the old curriculum. The research stages include separating primary data from secondary data. The results are then formulated based on primary data. Finally, supporting data was used to corroborate the findings. This study results in an overview of the early structure of seven guitar skill levels and their position in the learning system that prevailed to be complete in the first six semesters. The use of the level structure depended on the course package on different programs and concentrations in the Department of Music. Contributing to the findings of this research is the concept of problem-solving in the current classical guitar curriculum in the music study program as a prototype model of the ideal learning process in the future.
Effectiveness of Dialogical Reading Literacy Programs in Improving Language Skills and Literacy of Early Students
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif , Mulyati Yeti , Damaianti Vismaia S. , Permadi Tedi
Published: August 2023

Literacy programs for early childhood students are currently not optimal in involving parents in supporting program implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the dialogical reading literacy program intervention on the development of language skills and literacy skills of early childhood students. The research method used in this study was a quasi-experimental method to test the effectiveness of a dialogical reading literacy program at home on language development and literacy in early childhood students. The 200 early childhood students participated in this study, and at the same time involved their parents. The duration of this study was one year so that the impact of this preschool-home partnership intervention could be seen more clearly. The instruments used in this study included a questionnaire to reveal students' reading habits with their families, language and literacy assessments, receptive and expressive vocabulary assessments, taxonomic ability assessments, print awareness assessments, and activity sheets for dialogic reading activities. Validity and reliability tests were carried out empirically. Data analysis in this study used a linear hierarchical model with two levels of random intercept. The research findings show that the dialogical reading literacy program has proven effective in improving students' reading skills and literacy. Overall improvement was seen in four aspects of students' language skills and literacy, namely skills of receptive vocabulary, skills of expressive vocabulary, skills of print awareness, and taxonomy skills. So, the intervention of dialogical reading literacy programs by involving parents in dialogic reading activities is very effective in language development and early childhood literacy. This happens because there is mutual trust, a positive relationship between mentors and students, clear and focused goals, and is balanced between stimulus and response. The implication of this research is that parents must be active in carrying out reading activities together with their children to support language and literacy development, so that they are better prepared when they enter a school age.
The Role of Narrative Ability on Emergent Literacy Skills and Early Word Reading of Early Childhood Students
Authors: Puspitasari Nur Aini , Damaianti Vismaia S , Syihabuddin Syihabuddin , Sumiyadi Sumiyadi
Published: August 2023

Narrative ability is one of the abilities included in emergent literacy and plays a very important role in the development of students' early reading skills. However, research examining the relationship between narrative skills, emergent literacy skills and word reading skills is still limited. Through this research, the researcher investigates the role of narrative ability on emergent literacy ability and reading ability. Besides that, the study investigates the predictive relationship between students' narrative ability, emergent literacy ability, and early word reading ability. The method used in this study was factorial design analysis with several types of data analysis, namely descriptive, correlation, and regression to see the role and relationship of narrative ability, emergent literacy ability, and students' initial word reading ability. Participants in this study were early childhood students, totaling 250 students with an age range of 2-5 years. The research findings show that narrative ability has a significant positive correlation with all aspects of emergent literacy measures. Narrative ability is able to predict the ability to read words in the univariate model. Storybook retelling instructions result in a story that is longer than the original story. This change in story length can have an impact on the use of complex language and decontextualization such as vocabulary development, development of linguistics units, understanding of characters in stories, and story organization. Furthermore, this study also shows that the relationship between students' narrative ability and word reading ability can be mediated by emergent literacy skills, including syntactic abilities, knowledge of letters, phonological abilities, pronunciation of letter sounds, and print conventions. Although the relationship between narrative ability and students' initial reading ability is not direct, this narrative ability makes a significant contribution because narrative ability has a significant impact on emergency literacy skills which, in turn, supports the development of students' reading skills. This research implies that parents or teachers need to consider various alternatives in developing students' reading skills by optimizing narrative skills and other emergency literacy skills so that students are better prepared when they enter school age.
PEMOLISIAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN GANGGUAN KEAMANAN DAN KETERTIBAN MASYARAKAT (STUDI DI POLRESTABES KOTA MAKASSAR)
Authors: Wahid Abdhika Salafi , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , Mustaring Mustaring
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Strategi pemolisian masyarakat dalam menanggulangi gangguan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat di Kota Makassar. (2) Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan strategi pemolisian masyarakat dalam menanggulangi gangguan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat di Kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Strategi pemolisian masyarakat dalam menanggulangi gangguan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat di Kota Makassar, yaitu (a) menginisiasi pembentukan forum komunikasi dan/atau kemitraan polisi dengan masyarakat (FKPM), Siskamling, Hansip, Satpam, Balai Kemitraan Polisi Masyarakat (BKPM) dan Bina Masyarakat, dan (b) membangun kerjasama dan komunikasi yang intensif antara Polri dengan masyarakat melalui lembaga-lembaga tersebut. (2) Strategi pemolisian masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Faktor pendukung yaitu petugas pelaksana tugas pemolisian pada kepolisian, faktor penghambat yaitu partisipasi masyarakat dan kepercayaan masyarakat dalam program pemolisian
STANDAR KEPATUHAN PELAYANAN DINAS PENANAMAN MODAL DAN PELAYANAN TERPADU SATU PINTU
Authors: Nur Yamin Muhammad , Arfian Arfian , Sakawati Herlina
Published: August 2023

Penelitian Standar Kepatuhan Pelayanan Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Gowa ini bertujuan mengetahui strategi peningkat kepatuhan standar pelayanan publik di Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data di lakukan dengan teknis observasi lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknis analisis data yang di gunakan adalah analisis SWOT.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi peningkat kepatuhan standar pelayanan publik di Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Gowa. Di lihat dari empat indikator yaitu terdapat pihak yang mempunyai otoritas untuk menuntut kepatuhan, adanya pihak yang dituntut untuk melakukan kepatuhan, ada objek atau isi tuntutan tertentu dari pihak yang memiliki otoritas untuk dilaksanakan pihak lain, konsekuensi dari perilaku yang dilakukan. Kemudian berdasarkan analisis SWOT Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kab. Gowa memiliki kekuatan dan peluang yang tinggi dalam meningkatkan Kata Kunci:kepatuhan standar pelayanan publik.
PEREMPUAN KEPALA DESA: Kajian Dediferensiasi dan Derasionalisasi Peran Perempuan Kepala Desa dalam Pembangunan Pedesaan
Authors: Ismail Ashari , Umar Firman , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar
Published: August 2023

Penelitian  ini adalah  kajian   tentang  peran perempuan  Kepala Desa   Manuba, Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan,  dalam  masyarakat berkultur  patriarch. Peran  perempuan kepala desa ini  adalah indikasi dari peran yang sering dianggap “tidak nisacaya” dilakukan perempuan.  Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah mengurai tentang  dediferensiasi dan derasionalisasi peran Kepala Desa dalam pembangunan pedesaan, sebagai peran yang  memiliki  akses dan control---dan sekaligus memberikan “pembuktian” urgensi  kiprah perempuan dalam  ranah politik  pedesaan. Riset yang menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan fenomenologi  ini, dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Instrumen urgen dalam riset ini adalah “peneliti sendiri”, yang mengikuti asumsi sosial kultural.  Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis komparatif, yakni analisis yang bertolak pada kesahian data,  mengeneralisasi data valid, memberikan tafsiran dan menetapkan generalisasi secara induksi, dengan dipandu secara “deduksi”.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa dediferensiasi dan derasionalisasi peran serta perempuan  dalam ranah politik, sebagai Kepala Desa di Desa  Manuba,  bukan   semata  ideology of women,  tetapi peran yang dituntut oleh masyarakat.  Kiprah perempuan Kepala Desa Manuba,  adalah peran yang tidak lepas dari  peran-peran  publik--- walaupun peran-peran domestik, tidak dapat dilepaskan dan diambil alih oleh laki-laki.  Dediferensiasi (ketidaaan perbedaan gender antara laki – perempuan, dengan kemajuan yang regresif )  dan derasionalisasi, menafikan kebiasaaan, yang rasional, yang cenderung terjastifikasi dalam masyarakat patriarch. Dalam hal ini kiprah perempuan Kepala Desa adalah kiprah, yang tidak kurang dari lelaki, kiprah yang dituntut dan diharapkan pada komunitas masyarakat patriarch Manuba, --- yang tidak menimbulkan kegoncangan budaya atau anomi ketidakselarasan.
KEPESERTAAN BPJS KESEHATAN SEBAGAI SYARAT WAJIB BAGI PENDAFTARANPERALIHAN HAK ATAS TANAH ATAU HAK MILIK ATAS SATUAN RUMAH SUSUN KARENA JUAL BELI
Authors: Bedu Cindy Meyloni Gabriela , S. Sewu Pan  Lindawaty , Hendrawan Daniel
Published: August 2023

The government through the Ministry of ATR/BPN has issued Circular Letters (SE) Number HR.02/153-400/II/2022 and HR.02/164-400/II/2022. The circular requires that the sale and purchase of land must attach a BPJS Health membership card. The writing of this scientific paper uses a normative juridical approach method, based on literature research that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials then analyzed using qualitative methods. This research results that the policy issued by the government aims to optimize the implementation of the National Health Insurance program, increase access to quality health services, and ensure the sustainability of the National Health Insurance program in line with the principle of legal expediency (zwech matigheid or doelmatigheid or utility).
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMEGANG MEREK YANG SAH AKIBAT MARAKNYA PEMALSUAN MEREK
Authors: Pramono Deni , Wijaya Galuh Adi , Zulkarnain Andreas
Published: August 2023

Merek dagang merupakan bagian dari hak milik intelektual yang membutuhkan banyak waktu di samping bakat, pekerjaan, dan juga uang untuk membiayainya, sehingga perlindungan terhadap pemegang hak merek dagang yang asli yang sudah didaftarkan sangat penting. Pelanggaran merek ini adalah berlaku untuk semua jenis merek yang telah terdaftar, bukan hanya pada merek-merek yang sudah sangat terkenal. Metode penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam membahas permasalahan yang obyeknya adalah permasalahan hukum, maka menggunakan tipe penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang merek yang sah dan bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pemegang merek yang sah akibat pemalsuan merek. Meskipun suatu merek tersebut baru didaftarkan dan belum lama memiliki hak atas merek serta belum banyak mengeluarkan produk. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pelanggaran atau indikasi pelanggaran atas hak merek tersebut, maka pemegang merek yang syah memiliki hak yang diutamakan terkait merek yang mereka miliki, sehingga dapat menggunakan sendiri atau memberikan lisensi kepada orang/pihak lain untuk menggunakan hak merek tersebut, baik dalam hal produksi maupun distribusi produk sesuai dengan hak merek yang dimaksud. Upaya tersebut boleh dengan melakukan gugatan melalui Pengadilan Niaga maupun melalui badan arbitrase.
IMPLEMENTASI HUKUM DAN PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL BAGI KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Najamuddin Najamuddin , Haris Hasnawi , Tamrin Sopian , Nurdia Nurdia
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine (1) the forms of domestic violence; (2) forms of social protection for victims of domestic violence; (3) Implementation of legal protection against domestic violence. The research was conducted in the city of Makassar using a descriptive qualitative approach. Based on the source, the types of data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained through the interview method. While secondary data is data obtained from various documents or published sources or other related sources. Informants were selected by purposive sampling as many as 17 people. The data is processed by condensing the data, modeling the data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) The forms of domestic violence are; physical violence, which is characterized by pain, serious injury and illness to the victim, psychological violence, as evidenced by loss of self-confidence, helplessness and psychological suffering, sexual violence is the force of balanced sexual relations and neglect of the household in the form of not giving decent living, not letting the public sector work outside the home; (2) The form of social protection against domestic violence is to report it to the authorities, by neighbors or relatives to intervene/obstruct the perpetrator and the victim, hide the victim from the scene; (3) Implementation of legal protection against domestic violence is that victims receive protection from their families, receive health services according to their medical needs, receive assistance from civil groups and spiritual guidance.
IMPLEMENTASI PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA DALAM PEMBINAAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Mustari Mustari , Sukmawati Sukmawati , Mustaring Mustaring
Published: August 2023

Profil pelajar pancasila memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk “mengalami pemgetahuan sebagai proses penguatan karakter sekaligus sebagai kesempatan untuk belajar dari lingkungan sekitarnya. Dalam projek penguatan ini, siswa memiliki kesempatan untuk mengupas dan memahami tema-tema atau isu penting seperti perubahan iklim, anti radikalisme, kesehatan mental, budaya, wirausaha, teknologi, dan lain-lain. Sehingga siswa bisa melakukan aksi nyata dalam menjawab isu-isu tersebut sesuai dengan tahapan belajar dan kebutuhannya. Tema tersebut dapat berubah setiap tahunnya, ditentukan oleh pemerintah pusat (Kemdikbudristek) berdasarkan isu yang diprioritaskan. Oleh karena itu siswa perlu lebih peka terhadap isu-isu terkait, dan karena itu siswa lebih kepada upaya mengeksplorasi isu tersebut diluar mata pelajaran dalam bentuk projek untuk memberikan ruang lebih besar dalam dalam mengenali, memahami dan mendalami isu tersebut.
PERAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI HUKUM DAN MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM BAGI MASYARAKAT MARGINAL
Authors: Muhtar Muhtar , Nur Rismawati , Maksun Adinda Nurul Aulia
Published: August 2023

Pemberian bantuan hukum merupakan hak konstitusional warga negara atas jaminan perlindungan dan pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia khususnya bagi masyarakat marginal dalam access to justice dan justice for all sebagai upaya mewujudkan equality before the law. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (state approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki peran penting dalam upaya pemberian bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma bagi masyarakat marginal dalam upaya mewujudkan tercapainya penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan, sehingga perguruan tinggi hukum memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan mahasiswa sekaligus penegak hukum yang profesional yang mampu menegakkan hukum dan keadilan.
Influences on paramedic prescribing: student and prescriber perspectives
Authors: Pryor Claire , Hand Annette , Dunn Joanne
Published: August 2023

Background: Paramedic prescribing has been permitted in legislation from 2018. In 2019 one of the first cohorts of paramedic prescribers in the country was invited to share their experiences, thoughts and perceptions around the new and evolving role of paramedic prescribing practice.Aim:
To explore the opinions of student and newly qualified paramedic prescribers regarding the impact and effectiveness of paramedic independent prescribing on their clinical practice.Design and setting: A qualitative study was undertaken within the North East of England with a group
of experienced paramedics undertaking non-medical prescribing education.Methods: A focus group and dyad interview were undertaken with a purposive sample of paramedics recruited from a higher education institution providing V300 independent and supplementary prescribing education.
The focus group was undertaken with paramedics on the non-medical prescribing (NMP) programme of study. The dyad interview was undertaken with participants once qualified as prescribers, and actively prescribing. The focus group and interview were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected
to thematic analysis to identify key themes.Results: A total of n = 7 and n = 2 paramedics undertook the focus group and dyad interview, respectively. Paramedics in this sample represented a range of paramedic practice areas. Paramedic NMP students noted four key themes around role,
expectations, governance and opportunities and challenges in relation to prescribing practice. The returning sample of paramedics, now practising as prescribers, noted themes of organisational and infrastructure challenges, monitoring of prescribing practice and the evolution of paramedic
roles.Conclusion: Paramedic prescribing is rapidly expanding and evolving into new clinical areas. As such, careful consideration should be given to not only the resourcing of prescribers as individuals, but also the wider organisational and technological support and structures
needed to be in place to allow paramedic prescribers to fulfil their roles and utilise their advanced practice skills.
Rural versus urban out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response, treatment and outcomes in the North East of England from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Finney Owen , Stagg Hayley
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a time-sensitive medical emergency. There is international evidence to suggest that rural regions experience worse OHCA outcomes, such as reduced survival rates. The aim of this study was to quantitatively review and compare
the OHCA response, treatment and pre-hospital outcomes in a single-centre ambulance service over a 1-year period in urban and rural areas.Methods: This study used retrospective OHCA audit data from the North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, from April 2018 to April 2019,
comparing OHCA response, treatment and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) data in relation to urban or rural classification status, using the UK government urban‐rural classification tool.Results: A total of 1295 urban cases and 319 rural cases were compared. Bystander
public-access defibrillator (PAD) use was higher in rural areas in comparison to urban areas (20/319 (6.3%) vs 47/1295 (3.6%); p = 0.03). The mean ambulance response time was slower in rural areas (10:43 minutes (n = 319) (SD ± 8.2) vs 07:35 minutes (n = 1295) (SD ± 7.1); p =
< 0.01). Despite this, overall ROSC rates at hospital were similar between the groups, with no statistically significant difference (rural: 87/319 (27.3%) vs urban: 409/1295 (31.6%); p = 0.14).A further sub-group analysis of initially shockable OHCA cases showed slower ambulance response
times in rural areas (10:45 minutes (n = 68) (SD ± 12.3) vs 07:55 minutes (n = 245) (SD ± 5.5); p = < 0.01) and that rural cases experienced lower ROSC at hospital rates (31/68 (45.6%) vs 151/245 (61.6%); p = 0.02).Conclusion: This report showed differences in OHCA
response and outcomes between rural and urban settings. In the shockable OHCA sub-group analysis, rural areas had slower ambulance response times and lower ROSC rates. The longer ambulance response times in the rural shockable OHCA group could be a factor in the reduced ROSC rates. Linking
hospital survival data should be used in future research to explore this area further.
SOCIAL JUSTICE AND COVID 19 IN THE 'NEW SOUTH AFRICA: INVOKING RAMOSEAN MEDITATIONS IN PANDEMIC TIMES
Authors: Le Roux Ilana
Published: August 2023

In this contributory essay to the 2021 Special Section of the PSLR spotlighting ‘Social Justice and COVID-19’, I attempt to challenge portrayals of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as an ‘indiscriminate’ and ‘equal opportunity’ assailant. In doing so, I endeavour to bring to the fore a reading of social injustices experienced during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that implicates not only systemic disadvantages inherited from apartheid but also the legacies of unjust colonial conquest. By underscoring memory as the possibility condition for restorative social justice within a progressively unjust South Africa, I draw on philosopher Mogobe Ramose’s counter-discourse meditations problematising the pervasiveness of colonial-apartheid conquest in a post-1994 liberal democratic polity. Accordingly, I align myself with perspectives that consider substantive social justice in a stratified ‘new’ South Africa to be a decolonial justice carved out by an African experience and memory, with the restoration of unjustly dispossessed land as a possibility condition for social cohesion.
RACIAL EPISTEMOLOGY AT A TIME OF A PANDEMIC: A SYNOPSIS OF SOUTH AFRICA’S PERSISTING INEQUALITIES THROUGH THE LENS OF ‘#FEESMUSTFALL’ AND ‘#FREEDECOLONISEDEDUCATION’
Authors: Tshikota Gudani
Published: August 2023

The creation of South Africa was accompanied by the creation of an education system that would reflect Eurocentric ideologies, concepts, and livelihoods. When South Africa attained ‘democracy’, this creation was not abolished. A direct consequence of this was that the racial epistemology of conquest continues. The #feesmustfall and #FreeDeclonisedEducation protests were a response to the persistence of this creation. However, these calls were also not realised. Which means that the racial epistemology of conquest persists. In this article I attempt to show how the realisation of these calls could have dealt with the challenges that the education system and sector faces as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. I do this by problematising the exclusionary nature of the type of education and learning that is prevalent in South Africa. I opine that in order for the racial ontology of conquest to be abolished, there should be free and decolonised education.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LAWFULNESS OF MEASURES IMPOSED BY STATES DURING THE PANDEMIC UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Cloete Kyle Alex
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic provided ideal conditions for the violation of human rights. In efforts to curb the spread of the virus, numerous states violated their international law obligations outlined in treaties and customary international law. This article aims to analyse state responses to the global pandemic and will consider how their lawfulness should be measured. To this end, the framework of due diligence is utilised as a system to regulate and assess the legality of state actions amidst times of emergency. Furthermore, this article argues that the principle of due diligence must be developed to sufficiently regulate instances of derogation that extend beyond restrictions. This development must also be informed by an intersectional approach that prioritises the protection of vulnerable groups, owing to the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on these communities. Stemming from this analysis, the article will conclude by considering the landscape of state actions in handling COVID-19 under the banner of due diligence and imagines a construction of international law that more adequately protects human rights amid regional and global crises.
HERD IMMUNITY OR POLITICAL POWER?
Authors: Smit Samantha
Published: August 2023

This article evaluates the vaccine rollout plan in South Africa and whether it intends to achieve herd immunity or gain more power for the government. The importance of South Africa achieving herd immunity will be considered alongside the restrictions preventing the private sector from gaining access to vaccines thus, arguably, slowing the process of achieving herd immunity. Finally, this article explores different strategies that the government could consider in order to accelerate the vaccination rollout without relinquishing its political power.
THE ACCESSIBILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SOUTH AFRICAN CIVIL LOWER COURTS
Authors: Curlewis Llewelyn , Abdoll Delano
Published: August 2023

Although the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 guarantees everyone the right of access to courts and civil justice, many people still find themselves in a position where they cannot access the South African justice system, specifically concerning civil legal matters. While this problem has been recognised by various academics, authors, and even Constitutional Court judges, the understanding of what this right means empirically has only recently been understood in relation to South Africa’s civil justice system. This article, therefore, concentrates on the accessibility and effectiveness of South African civil courts. The focus is on civil lower courts given that most people who are exposed to the civil justice system do so by means of the Magistrates Courts only.
THE ROLE OF UBUNTU IN THE LAW OF CONTRACT
Authors: Pundit Pooja
Published: August 2023

The history of South African law is quite unique. It has aspirations of transformative constitutionalism, yet the law is deeply rooted in the common law. Of particular interest are the roles of two principles in the South African law namely; pacta sunt servanda, which is one of the principles found in the common law of contract; and ubuntu, which is a unique African principle of humanness. The law of contract and the Constitution exist side-by-side, however, this is not without conflict. The article will provide a gentle walk through the principles in the law of contract, the Mohamed’s v Southern Sun case, and will finallycomment on the applicability of the principle of ubuntu versus that of the principle of pacta sunt servanda.
SCHOOL OF COURT: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIGHT TO BASIC EDUCATION THROUGH LITIGATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN COURTS
Authors: Osei-Fofie Abena , Herd Nicholas
Published: August 2023

Education is a means to an end and a ‘good’ in-and-of-itself; but not everyone has equal access to it, if at all. South Africa’s history and extant legacy of colonial-apartheid has left in its wake structural barriers which continue to deny access to basic education for many, both young and old. Although there have been admirable reform efforts to engender system-wide improvements to access to and the quality of basic education through governance and the provisioning of resources, there are glaring shortfalls in making basic education ‘immediately realisable’ to ensure our constitutional vision of a transformed South Africa. Over time, non-governmental efforts aimed at realising basic education have turned to the courts to compel the state to make more equitable and qualitatively better provisions. In the historical and present circumstantial and structural status quo of basic education in South Africa, this paper explores the efficacy of such litigation efforts as well as litigation as a device to improve governance and access to basic education in our country.
Guardian's Reflection
Authors: Le Roux Ilana
Published: August 2023

In this reflection I draw on the PLSR Editorial Board’s experiences to broadly think about our understanding of community within the university, and beyond. The purpose of this reflection is to remind readers of the PSLR’s significance and potential, and to encourage a radical rethinking of the type of university community we nurture.
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN AFRICA
Authors: Sidane Ntando
Published: August 2023

BOOK REVIEW: CB Ncube Science, Technology & Innovation and Intellectual Property: Leveraging Openness for Sustainable Development in Africa (2021) 1st ed 1-213, Juta and Company Ltd, ISBN 978 1 48513 765 8.
A PROPOSED LIABILITY REGIME FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IN INSTANCES OF PERSONAL LIABILITY AND DEATH
Authors: Erasmus Arno
Published: August 2023

This article aims to determine the most appropriate liability regime foraccidents caused by Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) resulting in personalinjury or death. The motivation for this research lies in the fact thatAVs are currently not adequately regulated within South Africanlegislation. Seeing as the regulation of AVs should begin sooner ratherthan later, it is essential to examine the capability of the Road AccidentFund (RAF) to provide for AVs and consider other possible liabilityregimes. The article will focus on the RAF Act and the possibility ofincluding the definition of AVs under section 1 thereof. The RAF Actcurrently defines a motor car as a motor vehicle designed or adaptedfor the conveyance of not more than ten persons, including the driver.The article will analyse the Civil Aviation Act (Aviation Act) to propose aregime where the owners of AVs are required to have private insurance.Section 8(5) of the Aviation Act will form the basis for the proposedregime change as this section holds that a registered owner or operatorof an aircraft must have insurance as prescribed for any damage or lossthat is caused by an aircraft to any person or property on land or water.
A CASE FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: USING DIGITAL COURTS TO PROMOTE THE RIGHT TO ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND THE RULE OF LAW
Authors: Hosaneea Zahra
Published: August 2023

Access to justice is an essential human right and a cornerstone of the rule of law. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development seeks to, amongst other things, promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice, promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions. As a marginalised group, persons with disabilities are often spectators to their grievances when accessing justice, notwithstanding the strong protection afforded by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (‘the CRPD’). Under the CRPD, the right to access justice requires justice to be accessible, practical, and without discrimination. Nevertheless, research indicates that persons with disabilities are most likely to be left out of the legal system as there are numerous barriers that prevent them from accessing justice. In 2020, while the world faced an outbreakof COVID-19 cases, courtrooms worldwide had to review their operational methods. Initially aimed at hearing cases remotely and prevent a backlog of cases, the question arises as to whether digital courts could not be adapted to promote the right to access to justicefor persons with disabilities. Article 13 of the CRPD contains essential provisions on the right to access justice. If designed, tested, and implemented correctly, digital courts could alleviate the inequalities faced by persons with disabilities. In essence, digital courts have the potential to make justice accessible and less hostile whilst also improving the communication and information barriers to the right to access justice. However, the advantages should not outweigh the potential exclusionary risk that digital courtrooms could create. Such courtrooms should be carefully implemented in close consultation withpersons with disabilities.
THE APPRAISAL OF THE ‘MARKET OVERT’ PRINCIPLE VIS-À-VIS SALE OF GOODS IN ZAMBIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN COMMERCIAL LAW
Authors: Goma Mainess
Published: August 2023

This article is inspired by a need to clarify and appraise the law relatingto the sale of goods with particular attention to the market overtprinciple in Zambia. This will be done by conducting a comparativestudy between Zambia, South Africa, and Nigeria. The articleinvestigates methods for constructing a preferable legal regime forindividuals and businesses, particularly economic transactions. Itfurther assesses the Zambian Sale of Goods Act of 1893 (56 & 57 Vict.c.71) as it relates to the market overt principle. I also highlightweaknesses in the current law requiring remedial action.
THE CHINA-AFRICA JOINT ARBITRATION CENTRE (CAJAC)
Authors: Kanokanga Prince
Published: August 2023

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) continues to consolidate itsposition as one of the most important trade players on the internationalmarket. The PRC has signed cooperation agreements with more than126 countries. It is also a substantial importer of raw materials,intermediate inputs, and other goods. The PRC has dealings with all 54countries on the African continent, and today the continent ranks asone of the PRC’s most important trading posts. The increasing numberof international trade and investment means naturally, that disputes ofan international nature will arise between the PRC and African parties.It is for this reason that the China-Africa Joint Arbitration Centre(CAJAC) was established. The formation of CAJAC at the instance of theForum on China – Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is to encourage is toadminister the resolution of international disputes arising betweenChinese and African entities having their principal residence, place ofbusiness or nationality located in PRC or a country in Africa. The aim ofthis article is to examine the salient features of CAJAC which isadminister by accredited institutions which include CAJAC Beijing;CAJAC Johannesburg, CAJAC Nairobi, CAJAC OHADA, CAJAC Shanghaiand CAJAC Shenzhen.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WESTERN-CENTRIC NOTION OF MODERNITY AND THE INCLUSIVE RECONSTRUCTION THEREOF ACCORDING TO THE TWAIL PRINCIPLES
Authors: M'membe Makumya
Published: August 2023

Modernity significantly influences global action regarding social,political, and economic justice and liberation. Because of this, itsflawed origins cannot simply be ignored. This article explains thedevelopment and current conception of economic, social and politicalmodernity and shows how non-Western thought is excluded from thesespheres. The article focuses on problematising he recent construction ofmodernity by showing how modernity is founded on Western ideals.Additionally, this article tracks the spread and universalisation ofmodernity by cruel and illegitimate means like colonialism and theothering of indigenous peoples. All these form the basis for anarguments that there must be a substantial reconstruction of theconcept of modernity, and TWAIL’s relationship with international law isoffered as inspiration for such a reconstruction.
A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT: THE LINK BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Moseli Khothalang
Published: August 2023

This article explores the relationship between human rights anddevelopment and the emergence of a Rights-Based Approach toDevelopment (RBAD). It will give a RBAD more consideration in order tocontribute to the conceptual direction of academic discourse, andperhaps even the political direction by proposing solutions to Africa’ssocio-economic problems, especially in South Africa, which is facingmany developmental challenges. Human rights and development havelong been understood as separate terms that were incompatible.Historically, development was only perceived for its role in promotionof economic growth and prosperity of particular countries without anyconsideration for human development and well-being. However, humanrights and development cannot be understood separately. Developmentand human rights share the same goal, which is to promote the dignityand worth of a human person by creating an environment where peoplecan achieve their full potential. Following the adoption of the UNCharter in 1945, development became a key issue for the United Nationsand, for the first time, for the international community. Humandevelopment is now central to the realisation of human rights. Aftermany years of debating development and human rights, it was agreedthat human rights standards and principles do indeed recognise the linkbetween human rights and development. In the 1990s, a RBAD emerged,transforming the global development order and affirming thisrelationship.