bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE CROPS BASED ON MULTITEMPORAL HIGH RESOLUTION DATA-TAKING QIAOCHENG DISTRICT OF BOZHOU AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Yu H. , He J. , Zhou H. , Guan F. , Li L. , Ren B. , Wang Z.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Remote sensing technology has become an important method to rapidly acquireing of planting layout and composition of regional crops.It is very important to accurately master the planting area of Chinese medicine crops in the Characteristic planting area because it relations to accurately master the cultivation of Chinese medicine crops, formulate related policies and adjustment of crop planting structure.The author puts forward a method of using remote sencing technology for momitoring Chinese medicine which has good applicability and generalization. This paper took Qiaocheng District of Bozhou as an example to Verify the feasibility of the method, providing a reference for solving the problem of interpretation and extraction of Chinese medicinal materials in the region.
MONITORING POPULATION EVOLUTION IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA FROM 2000 TO 2010
Authors: Yu S. , Liu F. , Zhang Z.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. On behalf of more populous and developed regions in China, urban agglomerations have become important carries loading active economic activities and generous social benefits, and experienced sharper population increase, which results in great threat on local eco-environment construction. Therefore, exact and detailed population monitoring and analyzing, especially on the long sequence and multi frequency, is of great significance. The nighttime light time-series (NLT) products has been proven to be one of the most useful remotely sensed imagery to acquire persons at 1 km × 1 km scales. However, the existed problems, such as light saturation and blooming, greatly limit the accuracy of estimated results. Furthermore, it’s difficult to spatialize population at km2 level due to the lack of basic data in non-census years. In order to solve all problems mentioned above, the populous Pearl River Delta was selected as the study area. A new residential extent extraction index (REEI) was proposed to solve light saturation and blooming problems. Population spatialization methods in census and non-census years were applied to acquire detailed population distribution from 2000 to 2010. Results showed the feasibility of the proposed methods in this work. During the decade, population was denser in the central PRD and sparser in the eastern, western and northern PRD. The speed of population increase was various in nine cities, but faster in 2000–2005 than 2005–2010.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE DELIVERY SCALE OF BIKE-SHARING RENTAL NODES
Authors: Zhai Y. , Liu J. , Liu L.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Aiming at the lack of scientific and reasonable judgment of vehicles delivery scale and insufficient optimization of scheduling decision, based on features of the bike-sharing usage, this paper analyses the applicability of the discrete time and state of the Markov chain, and proves its properties to be irreducible, aperiodic and positive recurrent. Based on above analysis, the paper has reached to the conclusion that limit state (steady state) probability of the bike-sharing Markov chain only exists and is independent of the initial probability distribution. Then this paper analyses the difficulty of the transition probability matrix parameter statistics and the linear equations group solution in the traditional solving algorithm of the bike-sharing Markov chain. In order to improve the feasibility, this paper proposes a "virtual two-node vehicle scale solution" algorithm which considered the all the nodes beside the node to be solved as a virtual node, offered the transition probability matrix, steady state linear equations group and the computational methods related to the steady state scale, steady state arrival time and scheduling decision of the node to be solved. Finally, the paper evaluates the rationality and accuracy of the steady state probability of the proposed algorithm by comparing with the traditional algorithm. By solving the steady state scale of the nodes one by one, the proposed algorithm is proved to have strong feasibility because it lowers the level of computational difficulty and reduces the number of statistic, which will help the bike-sharing companies to optimize the scale and scheduling of nodes.
APPLICATION OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM OF MACHINE LEARNING AND BUFFER ANALYSIS IN TORISM REGIONAL PLANNING
Authors: Zhang T. H. , Ji H. W. , Hu Y. , Ye Q. , Lin Y.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geography Information System (GIS) technologies are widely used in ecological analysis and regional planning. With the advantages of large scale monitoring, combination of point and area, multiple time-phases and repeated observation, they are suitable for monitoring and analysis of environmental information in a large range. In this study, support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm is used to monitor the land use and land cover change (LUCC), and then to perform the ecological evaluation for Chaohu lake tourism area quantitatively. The automatic classification and the quantitative spatial-temporal analysis for the Chaohu Lake basin are realized by the analysis of multi-temporal and multispectral satellite images, DEM data and slope information data. Furthermore, the ecological buffer zone analysis is also studied to set up the buffer width for each catchment area surrounding Chaohu Lake. The results of LUCC monitoring from 1992 to 2015 has shown obvious affections by human activities. Since the construction of the Chaohu Lake basin is in the crucial stage of the rapid development of urbanization, the application of RS and GIS technique can effectively provide scientific basis for land use planning, ecological management, environmental protection and tourism resources development in the Chaohu Lake Basin.
CONTINUOUS CHANGE DETECTION OF URBAN LAKES IN WUHAN, CHINA USING MULTI-TEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGES
Authors: Zhang W. , Kong X. , Tan G. , Zheng S.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Urban lakes are important natural, scenic and pattern attractions of the city, and they are potential development resources as well. However, lots of urban lakes in China have been shrunk significantly or disappeared due to rapid urbanization. In this study, four Landsat images were used to perform a case study for lake change detection in downtown Wuhan, China, which were acquired on 1991, 2002, 2011 and 2017, respectively. Modified NDWI (MNDWI) was adopted to extract water bodies of urban areas from all these images, and OTSU was used to optimize the threshold selection. Furthermore, the variation of lake shrinkage was analysed in detail according to SVM classification and post-classification comparison, and the coverage of urban lakes in central area of Wuhan has decreased by 47.37 km2 between 1991 and 2017. The experimental results revealed that there were significant changes in the surface area of urban lakes over the 27 years, and it also indicated that rapid urbanization has a strong impact on the losses of urban water resources.
A MODEL TO SIMULATE THE RADIATIVE TRANSFER OF FLUORESCENCE IN A LEAF
Authors: Zhao F. , Ni Q.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Light is reflected, transmitted and absorbed by green leaves. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is the signal emitted by chlorophyll molecules in the leaf after the absorption of light. ChlF can be used as a direct probe of the functional status of photosynthetic machinery because of its close relationship with photosynthesis. The scattering, absorbing, and emitting properties of leaves are spectrally dependent, which can be simulated by modeling leaf-level fluorescence. In this paper, we proposed a Monte-Carlo (MC) model to simulate the radiative transfer of photons in the leaf. Results show that typical leaf fluorescence spectra can be properly simulated, with two peaks centered at around 685 nm in the red and 740 nm in the far-red regions. By analysing the sensitivity of the input parameters, we found the MC model can well simulate their influence on the emitted fluorescence. Meanwhile we compared results simulated by MC model with those by the Fluspect model. Generally they agree well in the far-red region but deviate in the red region.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS SURVEY PRODUCTS
Authors: Zhao Y. , Zhang L. , Ma W. , Zhang P. , Zhao T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The First National Geographical Condition Survey is a predecessor task to dynamically master basic situations of the nature, ecology and human activities on the earth’s surface and it is the brand-new mapping geographic information engineering. In order to ensure comprehensive, real and accurate survey results and achieve the quality management target which the qualified rate is 100 % and the yield is more than 80 %, it is necessary to carry out the quality control and result inspection for national geographical conditions survey on a national scale. To ensure that achievement quality meets quality target requirements, this paper develops the key technology method of “five-in-one” quality control that is constituted by “quality control system of national geographical condition survey, quality inspection technology system, quality evaluation system, quality inspection information management system and national linked quality control institutions” by aiming at large scale, wide coverage range, more undertaking units, more management levels, technical updating, more production process and obvious regional differences in the national geographical condition survey and combining with novel achievement manifestation, complicated dependency, more special reference data, and large data size. This project fully considering the domestic and foreign related research results and production practice experience, combined with the technology development and the needs of the production, it stipulates the inspection methods and technical requirements of each stage in the quality inspection of the geographical condition survey results, and extends the traditional inspection and acceptance technology, and solves the key technologies that are badly needed in the first national geographic survey.
STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GUANGXI COASTAL ZONE BASED ON 3S TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Zhong Z. , Luo H. , Ling Z. Y. , Huang Y. , Ning W. Y. , Tang Y. B. , Shao G. Z.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper takes Guangxi coastal zone as the study area, following the standards of land use type, divides the coastal zone of ecological landscape into seven kinds of natural wetland landscape types such as woodland, farmland, grassland, water, urban land and wetlands. Using TM data of 2000–2015 such 15 years, with the CART decision tree algorithm, for analysis the characteristic of types of landscape’s remote sensing image and build decision tree rules of landscape classification to extract information classification. Analyzing of the evolution process of the landscape pattern in Guangxi coastal zone in nearly 15 years, we may understand the distribution characteristics and change rules. Combined with the natural disaster data, we use of landscape index and the related risk interference degree and construct ecological risk evaluation model in Guangxi coastal zone for ecological risk assessment results of Guangxi coastal zone.
HYBRID MODELING BASED ON SCSG-BR AND ORTHOPHOTO
Authors: Zhou G. , Huang Y. , Yue T. , Li X. , Huang W. , He C. , Wu Z.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. With the development of digital city, digital applications are more and more widespread, while the urban buildings are more complex. Therefore, establishing an effective data model is the key to express urban building models accurately. In addition, the combination of 3D building model and remote sensing data become a trend to build digital city there are a large amount of data resulting in data redundancy. In order to solve the limitation of single modelling of constructive solid geometry (CSG), this paper presents a mixed modelling method based on SCSG-BR for urban buildings representation. On one hand, the improved CSG method, which is called as “Spatial CSG (SCSG)” representation method, is used to represent the exterior shape of urban buildings. On the other hand, the boundary representation (BR) method represents the topological relationship between geometric elements of urban building, in which the textures is considered as the attribute data of the wall and the roof of urban building. What's more, the method combined file database and relational database is used to manage the data of three-dimensional building model, which can decrease the complex processes in texture mapping. During the data processing, the least-squares algorithm with constraints is used to orthogonalize the building polygons and adjust the polygons topology to ensure the accuracy of the modelling data. Finally, this paper matches the urban building model with the corresponding orthophoto. This paper selects data of Denver, Colorado, USA to establish urban building realistic model. The results show that the SCSG-BR method can represent the topological relations of building more precisely. The organization and management of urban building model data reduce the redundancy of data and improve modelling speed. The combination of orthophoto and urban building model further strengthens the application in view analysis and spatial query, which enhance the scope of digital city applications.
SOLVING THE RATIONAL POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS BASED ON L CURVE
Authors: Zhou G. , Li X. , Yue T. , Huang W. , He C. , Huang Y.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) model is a generalized sensor model, which can achieve high approximation accuracy. And it is widely used in the field of photogrammetry and remote sensing. Least square method is usually used to determine the optimal parameter solution of the rational function model. However the distribution of control points is not uniform or the model is over-parameterized, which leads to the singularity of the coefficient matrix of the normal equation. So the normal equation becomes ill conditioned equation. The obtained solutions are extremely unstable and even wrong. The Tikhonov regularization can effectively improve and solve the ill conditioned equation. In this paper, we calculate pathological equations by regularization method, and determine the regularization parameters by L curve. The results of the experiments on aerial format photos show that the accuracy of the first-order RPC with the equal denominators has the highest accuracy. The high order RPC model is not necessary in the processing of dealing with frame images, as the RPC model and the projective model are almost the same. The result shows that the first-order RPC model is basically consistent with the strict sensor model of photogrammetry. Orthorectification results both the firstorder RPC model and Camera Model (ERDAS9.2 platform) are similar to each other, and the maximum residuals of X and Y are 0.8174 feet and 0.9272 feet respectively. This result shows that RPC model can be used in the aerial photographic compensation replacement sensor model.
VECTOR AND RASTER DATA STORAGE BASED ON MORTON CODE
Authors: Zhou G. , Pan Q. , Yue T. , Wang Q. , Sha H. , Huang S. , Liu X.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Even though geomatique is so developed nowadays, the integration of spatial data in vector and raster formats is still a very tricky problem in geographic information system environment. And there is still not a proper way to solve the problem. This article proposes a method to interpret vector data and raster data. In this paper, we saved the image data and building vector data of Guilin University of Technology to Oracle database. Then we use ADO interface to connect database to Visual C++ and convert row and column numbers of raster data and X Y of vector data to Morton code in Visual C++ environment. This method stores vector and raster data to Oracle Database and uses Morton code instead of row and column and X Y to mark the position information of vector and raster data. Using Morton code to mark geographic information enables storage of data make full use of storage space, simultaneous analysis of vector and raster data more efficient and visualization of vector and raster more intuitive. This method is very helpful for some situations that need to analyse or display vector data and raster data at the same time.
BUILDING SHADOW DETECTION FROM GHOST IMAGERY
Authors: Zhou G. , Sha J. , Yue T. , Wang Q. , Liu X. , Huang S. , Pan Q. , Wei J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Shadow is one of the basic features of remote sensing image, it expresses a lot of information of the object which is loss or interference, and the removal of shadow is always a difficult problem to remote sensing image processing. In this paper, it is mainly analyzes the characteristics and properties of shadows from the ghost image (traditional orthorectification). The DBM and the interior and exterior orientation elements of the image are used to calculate the zenith angle of sun. Then this paper combines the scope of the architectural shadows which has be determined by the zenith angle of sun with the region growing method to make the detection of architectural shadow areas. This method lays a solid foundation for the shadow of the repair from the ghost image later. It will greatly improve the accuracy of shadow detection from buildings and make it more conducive to solve the problem of urban large-scale aerial imagines.
THRESHOLD DETERMINATION FOR LOCAL INSTANTANEOUS SEA SURFACE HEIGHT DERIVATION WITH ICEBRIDGE DATA IN BEAUFORT SEA
Authors: Zhu C. , Zhang S. , Xiao F. , Li J. , Yuan L. , Zhang Y. , Zhu T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The NASA Operation IceBridge (OIB) mission is the largest program in the Earth’s polar remote sensing science observation project currently, initiated in 2009, which collects airborne remote sensing measurements to bridge the gap between NASA’s ICESat and the upcoming ICESat-2 mission. This paper develop an improved method that optimizing the selection method of Digital Mapping System (DMS) image and using the optimal threshold obtained by experiments in Beaufort Sea to calculate the local instantaneous sea surface height in this area. The optimal threshold determined by comparing manual selection with the lowest (Airborne Topographic Mapper) ATM L1B elevation threshold of 2 %, 1 %, 0.5 %, 0.2 %, 0.1 % and 0.05 % in A, B, C sections, the mean of mean difference are 0.166 m, 0.124 m, 0.083 m, 0.018 m, 0.002 m and −0.034 m. Our study shows the lowest L1B data of 0.1 % is the optimal threshold. The optimal threshold and manual selections are also used to calculate the instantaneous sea surface height over images with leads, we find that improved methods has closer agreement with those from L1B manual selections. For these images without leads, the local instantaneous sea surface height estimated by using the linear equations between distance and sea surface height calculated over images with leads.
AUTOMATIC GENERALIZABILITY METHOD OF URBAN DRAINAGE PIPE NETWORK CONSIDERING MULTI-FEATURES
Authors: Zhu S. , Yang Q. , Shao J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Urban drainage systems are indispensable dataset for storm-flooding simulation. Given data availability and current computing power, the structure and complexity of urban drainage systems require to be simplify. However, till data, the simplify procedure mainly depend on manual operation that always leads to mistakes and lower work efficiency. This work referenced the classification methodology of road system, and proposed a conception of pipeline stroke. Further, length of pipeline, angle between two pipelines, the pipeline belonged road level and diameter of pipeline were chosen as the similarity criterion to generate the pipeline stroke. Finally, designed the automatic method to generalize drainage systems with the concern of multi-features. This technique can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the generalization of drainage systems. In addition, it is beneficial to the study of urban storm-floods.
MONITORING OF SURFACE SUBSIDENCE OF THE MINING AREA BASED ON SBAS
Authors: Zhu Y. , Zhou S. , Zang D. , Lu T.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper has collected 7 scenes of L band PALSAR sensor radar data of a mine in FengCheng city, jiangxi province, using the Small-baseline Subset (SBAS) method to invert the surface subsidence of the mine. Baselines of interference less than 800m has been chosen to constitute short baseline differential interference atlas, using pixels whose average coherent coefficient was larger than or equal to 0.3 as like high coherent point target, using singular value decomposition (SVD) method to calculate deformation phase sequence based on these high coherent points, and the accumulation of settlements of study area of different period had been obtained, so as to reflect the ground surface settlement evolution of the settlement of the area. The results of the study has showed that: SBAS technology has overcome coherent problem of the traditionality D-InSAR technique, continuous deformation field of surface mining in time dimension of time could been obtained, characteristics of ground surface settlement of mining subsidence in different period has been displayed, so to improve the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring results.
Los caminos rurales desde una perspectiva histórica: antecedentes y novedades del Plan de Caminos de Fomento Agrícola (Argentina, 1956)
Authors: Laura Salomón Alejandra
Published: May 2018

Los caminos rurales cumplen un rol importante en el desarrollo de las actividades productivas y en la mejora de la condiciones de vida de la población rural. Debido a su impacto socio-económico y a que resulta un área relativamente poco estudiada, el propósito del trabajo es reconstruir las políticas públicas sobre los caminos rurales argentinos, con el foco puesto en el Plan de Caminos de Fomento Agrícola (sancionado en 1956). Se analizarán sus antecedentes y novedades en un contexto signado por la modernización del agro pampeano y la centralidad de la idea de desarrollo. Asimismo, se examinarán las derivaciones normativas e institucionales en el gobierno de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
John Dewey e a refutação do pensamento educacional clássico
Authors: Oelkers Jürgen
Published: May 2018

A obra Democracy and Education foi publicada pela primeira vez em 1916. John Dewey chamou-a “Uma introdução
à Filosofia da Educação”, o que significa que ela é mais do que uma descrição das relações empíricas entre
“democracia”, por um lado, e “educação”, por outro. O que Dewey queria que aprendêssemos é que a democracia
é a questão-chave de toda a moderna Filosofia da Educação. Ao contrário de apenas tangenciar a questão,
a democracia está no seu cerne. Democracy and Education e suas ideias fundamentais completaram 100 anos,
data que foi muito aclamada em todo o mundo da educação. E, de fato, Democracy and Education é até hoje uma
referência central para todos que querem estudar o nexo filosófico entre a educação geral e o desenvolvimento
da democracia.
The Abbreviated Psychopathy Measure (APM): Two Pilot Studies of a Brief Measure of Psychopathy Traits
Authors: Semel Robert
Published: May 2018

Two studies were undertaken to examine preliminary construct validity of a newly developed, abbreviated measure of psychopathy.  The Abbreviated Psychopathy Measure (APM) is a 33-item inventory that is closely modeled on the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM; Patrick, 2010), with a new and more parsimonious set of items.  Analyses in Study 1 ( = 126) found that the Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition scales of the APM had high internal consistency reliabilities and were highly correlated with their counterpart scales on the TriPM.  The APM Total score was very highly correlated with the TriPM Total score (r = .90).  Each of the APM scales was also significantly correlated with a measure of Antisocial Intent.  In Study 2 (N = 140), the APM was very highly correlated with the Total score of a 36-item version of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scales (LSRP; Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995). Additionally, the APM scales were associated differentially with normal range personality variables associated with psychopathy (e.g., Boldness was robustly associated with Extraversion, Meanness was highly and inversely associated with Agreeableness, Disinhibition was robustly and negatively associated with Conscientiousness).  The APM appeared to differ most significantly from the TriPM in that APM Boldness was moderately correlated with Meanness and Disinhibition.  APM Boldness may capture a more maladaptive quality of boldness relative to TriPM Boldness through a greater emphasis on low harm avoidance or fearlessness in comparison to TriPM Boldness.  The APM is potentially a promising brief measure of psychopathy; however, further study is needed to determine whether the moderately inter-correlated APM scales can distinguish among conceptually relevant constructs.  Directions for future research are discussed.
Effect of Maternal Hypothyroidism on BDNF Expression in Developing Rat Brain
Authors: Hossein Nemati , Kazem Parivar , Delaram Doroud , Nasim Hayati Roudbari , Mohammad Nabiuni
Published: May 2018

Thyroid hormone is essential for proper development of brain and modest degrees of developmental thyroid hormone insufficiency can result severe neurological deficits. We used an animal model to study the role of thyroid hormones (THs) during the gestation days and early postnatal days on developing rat brain. Dose-dependent thyroid hormone insufficiency in dams was induced by methimazole (MMI). In the first study-group thyroid hormone deficiency was induced by delivery of methimazole (MMI) to dams via drinking water at the doses of 50, 75 and 100 ppm from early gestation (GD 3) until weaning of the pups (PN20). In the second study-group hypothyroid rats were treated with 200 μg of thyroxine hormone. Pups were sacrificed on postnatal days (PN) 20. Maternal blood collected for thyroid hormone analysis. Cerebellum, medulla, hippocampus, cortex, olfactory bulbs were separated from dissected brain and relative expression of BDNF gene transcripts known to play critical roles in developing rat brain, were determined by RT-PCR. Daily body weight in dams and pups, the number of pups at birth, the eye –closure opening day and BDNF expression in brain extract was determined in the preweaning rats as a function of MMI exposure. The results indicate that genes driving important developmental processes during early brain development are sensitive to perturbations of the thyroid axis function.
Inleiding bij het dossier over de winsten van zorginstellingen
Authors: Bannink Duco
Published: May 2018

Introduction of the dossier on Profits obtained by health organizations

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
In de zorg voelt de winst van de een nu als het verlies van de ander
Authors: de Bekker Piet , van der Hijden Eric
Published: May 2018

In health care one man’s profit feels like another man’s loss; Towards a better understanding of societal responses to profits in health care.

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.

Systematic research on societal responses to profit in healthcare is scarce. It is a highly complex topic, with many tensions in the public and political debate. In a recent Dutch publication on profit, authors use a ‘lifeworld’ perspective to assess profit in their research, while their assessment could have been different using a ‘system’ perspective. Both perspectives have their merit, and debate on the role of profit in health care should separate the two perspectives. We describe both perspectives and use them to clarify whether making a profit is different from paying that profit to shareholders. We conclude that in healthcare, the general tension between the perspectives can be summarized as ‘profit for one actor may feel – but isn’t always – someone else’s loss’. Recognizing these tensions and searching for a strategy to align interests in which everyone gains may help the current stagnated debate on this issue in the Netherlands.
De onbeheersbaarheid van beleidsimplementatie en beleidsintegratie
Authors: Bannink Duco
Published: May 2018

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
De herdefiniëring van democratie
Authors: Maly Ico
Published: May 2018

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
De blinde vlek van de witte onschuld
Authors: Esajas Mitchell
Published: May 2018

The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical.

Therefore the column ‘De Blinde Vlek’ (The Blind Spot) frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.
Vitruvius revisited: Palldio's canonical orders in the first book of "I quattro libri dell'architettura"
Authors: Cellauro Louis
Published: May 2018

This contribution examines Palladio's relation to Vitruvius with regard to the canonical orders: the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Palladio became acquainted with Vitruvius Through his first mentor, Gian Giorgio Trissino, who had founded an academy. in the first book of I quattro libri dell'architettura Palladio repeatedly refers to Vitruvius. However, like most Renaissance architects, Palladio also studied the existing remains of Roman architecture. For him, archaeological evidence had more weight than the written words of Vitruvius. Though Palladio regarded Vitruvius as his "master and guide", he would deviate from Vitruvius' rules when he found the remains of Roman architecture more satisfactory. For Palladio, Vitruvius' rules were not unalterable, they were guidelines which the architect could modify.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS CONTROLES AMBIENTALES DE UNA EMPRESA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE PLÁSTICO DEL MUNICIPIO DE CAÇADOR-SC, BRASIL
Authors: Campos Roger Francisco Ferreira de , Borga Tiago , García Santiago Sánchez
Published: May 2018

Muchos procesos productivos poseen un alto nivel de emisión de aspectos e impactos ambientales. Para buscar la minimización de esos atenuantes ambientales se desarrolló la licencia ambiental que emplea los controles ambientales de las empresas. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo analizar la caracterización de los controles ambientales de una empresa de producción de productos derivados del plástico en el municipio de Caçador/SC. Para el desarrollo del estudio se analizaron los controles establecidos en la Licencia Ambiental de Operación - LAO para realizar la caracterización in situ y documentación de los controles ambientales. A través del estudio es posible describir que la empresa está en conformidad con las cuestiones ambientales, ya que la empresa busca minimizar al máximo los impactos generados. Así, se puede concluir que la caracterización de los controles ambientales es un método que ayuda en la minimización de los impactos ambientales, donde el mismo presenta los puntos positivos y negativos de la interacción del proceso productivo con el medio ambiente.
Argentina’s Politicized Bureaucracy: A Historical Analysis of Two Political Regimes
Authors: Elías María Verónica
Published: May 2018

This article employs the concept of “bureaucratic authoritarianism” (O’Donnell, 1978, 1988) to evaluate whether the character of Argentine bureaucracy has changed in the shift from dictatorial to democratic rule. A brief discussion about the political and administrative history of that country follows the characterization of bureaucratic authoritarianism in light of accountability and clientelism (Fox, 2000; Smulovitz & Peruzzotti, 2000, 2003). This article explores the possibility of bureaucratic legitimacy in Argentina through the enforcement of the rule of law, the system of checks and balances, and the fair treatment of citizens.
The scarcity of worker cooperatives in the USA: enquiring into possible causes
Authors: Arana Landin Sofia
Published: May 2018

Even though the access of workers to capital has been promoted in some countries for over centuries, Governments and public bodies have started to promote it worldwide, as in previous occasions, more particularly as an aftermath of the Great Recession, usually in the form of worker cooperatives.However, workers’ access to capital in the USA in the form of worker cooperatives is still surprisingly rare. We cannot find any recent public policies at a federal level in order to promote them and the old ones that exist remain mostly obsolete and unknown. Only at a state and local level, we find in the latest years a series of actions directed to achieve this goal, as in the case of New York City, where there is an important budget to promote the access of workers to capital more particularly after 2012 and, among others, worker cooperatives are being formed.The purpose of this paper is to enquire about the possible causes of the scarce number of worker cooperatives in the USA as the only way of offering solutions comes from understanding the causes.
Los ingresos tributarios de las haciendas locales y la crisis económica
Authors: Portillo Navarro María José
Published: May 2018

La crisis económica ha afectado a la actividad económica en España y, por tanto, a los municipios españoles, existiendo una serie de variables que han podido incidir en la gestión de la situación presupuestaria local y, entre ellas, se encuentra la evolución de los tributos locales. Por ello, en este trabajo, nos planteamos como objetivo analizar las diferencias entre los municipios, agrupados según tamaño, durante los años posteriores al inicio de la crisis, en términos de recaudación por habitante, eficacia de la gestión recaudatoria y esfuerzo fiscal. Los resultados muestran las diferencias en la evolución de los ingresos fiscales por tamaño de población y sugieren que los municipios tienen margen para aumentar sus recursos tributarios mediante la mejora de la eficacia de la gestión recaudatoria, teniendo todavía recorrido para incrementar su esfuerzo fiscal.
Kidney manifestations of diabetes mellitus – A Review
Authors: S. Swaminathan , S. Rajeswari , Mohideen Wasim
Published: May 2018

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially T2DM is on the increase worldwide and in a developing country like india, as of date approximately 30 – 40% of population are identified as having DM. Sedentary life style, obesity, increased BMI, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, delayed diagnosis and metabolic syndrome are some of the factors  that lead to the development of DM. Extensive research have been conducted in this field and still more studies are being undertaken. The first organ affected in all uncontrolled DM patients is the kidney, followed by liver and cardiac. Kidney disease predominantly account for increased mortality among T2DM and is the main cause of CKD as well as DN. Treatment of CKD  due to  uncontrolled T2DM is still controversial because of the scarcity of evidence available. MA plays a significant role in screening pre and established DM.  Increased levels of urate is identified as one of the metabolic disturbances in T2DM. This review article summaries the research findings during the last two decades on the manifestations of kidney disease in T2DM.
Neuroimaging evaluation of pattern of brain involvement in Japanese encephalitis and other viral encephalitis in paediatric age group
Authors: Agarwal Shyam Lal , Ghosh Mrinalkanti , Afroze Shadab , Palit Anirbaan , Ghosh Aniruddha , Nayek Kaustav
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Japanese encephalitis virus, a flavivirus is a significant cause of arboviral encephalitis worldwide. The virus is transmitted to humans via the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes especially C. tritaeniorhynchus, they prefer to bite outdoors and are extremely active and are extremely active in the evening and night. Neuroimaging reveals by MRI and CT scan of patients of Japanese encephalitis shows characteristic lesions particularly in the thalami, substantia nigra, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem and white matter.Material & Method: A total of 50 patients divided in 25 anti JE antibody positive patients and another 25 in anti JE antibody negative group. A cross sectional observational analytical study was performed in the time period of January 2015 to August 2016, the patients was studied using IgM capture ELISA and 1.5T MRI machine.Result Analysis: The results were analysed using chi square test and p values. It was found that gray matter structures were the most commonly affected, the thalamus, basal ganglia but white matter lesions were also noted. The thalamus was the most commonly involved structure, followed by the brainstem and cerebral cortex. Haemorrhagic lesions were noted in the cortex, midbrain and cerebellum.Conclusion: Involvement of the thalamus showed the most significant difference between JE and non JE patients with 64% of the JE patients showed thalamic involvement. No other part of the brain showed such significant difference.
Influence and reliability of lower-limb arterial occlusion pressure at different body positions
Authors: Hughes Luke , Jeffries Owen , Waldron Mark , Rosenblatt Ben , Gissane Conor , Paton Bruce , Patterson Stephen D.
Published: May 2018

Background

Total arterial occlusive pressure (AOP) is used to prescribe pressures for surgery, blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC). AOP is often measured in a supine position; however, the influence of body position on AOP measurement is unknown and may influence level of occlusion in different positions during BFR and IPC. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of body position on AOP.

Methods

Fifty healthy individuals (age = 29 ± 6 y) underwent AOP measurements on the dominant lower-limb in supine, seated and standing positions in a randomised order. AOP was measured automatically using the Delfi Personalised Tourniquet System device, with each measurement separated by 5 min of rest.

Results

Arterial occlusive pressure was significantly lower in the supine position compared to the seated position (187.00 ± 32.5 vs 204.00 ± 28.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and standing position (187.00 ± 32.5 vs 241.50 ± 49.3 mmHg, p < 0.001). AOP was significantly higher in the standing position compared to the seated position (241.50 ± 49.3 vs 204.00 ± 28.5 mmHg, p < 0.001).

Discussion

Arterial occlusive pressure measurement is body position dependent, thus for accurate prescription of occlusion pressure during surgery, BFR and IPC, AOP should be measured in the position intended for subsequent application of occlusion.
Stinging wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), which species have the longest sting?
Authors: Sadler Emily A. , Pitts James P. , Wilson Joseph S.
Published: May 2018

The stings of bees, wasps, and ants are something that catches the attention of anyone that experiences them. While many recent studies have focused on the pain inflicted by the stings of various stinging wasps, bees, or ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), little is known about how the length of the sting itself varies between species. Here, we investigate the sting length of a variety of aculeate wasps, and compare that to reported pain and toxicity values. We find that velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) have the longest sting compared to their body size out of any bee, wasp, or ant species. We also find that there is no link between relative sting length and pain; however, we did find an inverse relationship between relative sting length and toxicity with taxa having shorter relative stings being more toxic. While we found a significant relationship between host use and relative sting length, we suggest that the long sting length of the velvet ants is also related to their suite of defenses to avoid predation.
A novel RNA sequencing‐based miRNA signature predicts with recurrence and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bai Fumao , Zhou Huaibin , Ma Mengni , Guan Chen , Lyu Jianxin , Meng Qing H.
Published: May 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Given that the rate of HCC recurrence 5 years after liver resection is as high as 70%, patient with HCC typically has a poor outcome. A biomarker or set of biomarkers that could predict disease recurrence would have a substantial clinical impact, allowing earlier detection of recurrence and more effective treatment. With the aim of identifying a new microRNA (miRNA) signature associated with HCC recurrence, we analyzed data on 306 patients with HCC for whom both miRNA expression profiles and complete clinical information were available from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Through this analysis, we identified a six‐miRNA signature that could effectively predict patients’ recurrence risk; the high‐risk and low‐risk groups had significantly different recurrence‐free survival rates. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that this signature had a good predictive performance. Multivariable Cox regression and stratified analyses demonstrated that the six‐miRNA signature was independent of other clinical features. Functional enrichment analysis of the gene targets of the six prognostic miRNA indicated enrichment mainly in cancer‐related pathways and important cell biological processes. Our results support use of this six‐miRNA signature as an independent factor for predicting recurrence and outcome of patients with HCC.
Rho‐kinase inhibitors do not expand hematoma volume in acute experimental intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Akhter Murtaza , Qin Tom , Fischer Paul , Sadeghian Homa , Kim Hyung Hwan , Whalen Michael J. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Ayata Cenk
Published: May 2018

Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) is an emerging target in acute ischemic stroke. Early pre‐hospital treatment with ROCK inhibitors may improve their efficacy, but their antithrombotic effects raise safety concerns in hemorrhagic stroke, precluding use prior to neuroimaging. Therefore, we tested whether ROCK inhibition affects the bleeding times, and worsens hematoma volume in a model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced by intrastriatal collagenase injection in mice. Tail bleeding time was measured 1 h after treatment with isoform‐nonselective inhibitor fasudil, or ROCK2‐selective inhibitor KD025, or their vehicles. In the ICH model, treatments were administered 1 h after collagenase injection. Although KD025 but not fasudil prolonged the tail bleeding times, neither drug expanded the volume of ICH or worsened neurological deficits at 48 h compared with vehicle. Although more testing is needed in aged animals and comorbid models such as diabetes, these results suggest ROCK inhibitors may be safe for pre‐hospital administration in acute stroke.
Long‐Lived and Highly Efficient TADF‐PhOLED with “(A)n–D–(A)n” Structured Terpyridine Electron‐Transporting Material
Authors: Bian Mengying , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Yuanxun , Chung Yao‐Hsien , Liu Yang , Ting Hungkit , Duan Lian , Chen Zhijian , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei , Xiao Lixin
Published: May 2018

The electron‐transporting material (ETM) is one of the key factors to determine the efficiency and stability of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). A novel ETM with a “(Acceptor)n–Donor–(Acceptor)n” (“(A)n–D–(A)n”) structure, 2,7‐di([2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridin]‐4′‐yl)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (27‐TPSF), is synthesized by combining electron‐withdrawing terpyridine (TPY) moieties and rigid twisted spirobifluorene, in which the TPY moieties facilitate electron transport and injection while the spirobifluorene moiety ensures high triplet energy (T1 = 2.5 eV) as well as enhances glass transition temperature (Tg = 195 °C) for better stability. By using tris[2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridine]iridium(III) (Ir(mppy)3) as the emitter, the 27‐TPSF‐based device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext, max) of 24.5%, and a half‐life (T50) of 121, 6804, and 382 636 h at an initial luminance of 10 000, 1000, and 100 cd m−2, respectively, which are much better than the commercialized ETM of 9,10‐bis(6‐phenylpyridin‐3‐yl)anthracene (DPPyA). Furthermore, a higher efficiency, a ηext, max of 28.2% and a maximum power efficiency (ηPE, max) of 129.3 lm W−1, can be achieved by adopting bis(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium(III)(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐diketonate) (Ir(ppy)2tmd) as the emitter and 27‐TPSF as the ETM. These results indicate that the derivative of TPY to form “(A)n–D–(A)n” structure is a promising way to design an ETM with good comprehensive properties for OLEDs.
Thermoreversible Hyaluronic Acid‐PNIPAAm Hydrogel Systems for 3D Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Ekerdt Barbara L. , Fuentes Christina M. , Lei Yuguo , Adil Maroof M. , Ramasubramanian Anusuya , Segalman Rachel A. , Schaffer David V.
Published: May 2018

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer considerable potential for biomedical applications including drug screening and cell replacement therapies. Clinical translation of hPSCs requires large quantities of high quality cells, so scalable methods for cell culture are needed. However, current methods are limited by scalability, the use of animal‐derived components, and/or low expansion rates. A thermoresponsive 3D hydrogel for scalable hPSC expansion and differentiation into several defined lineages is recently reported. This system would benefit from increased control over material properties to further tune hPSC behavior, and here a scalable 3D biomaterial with the capacity to tune both the chemical and the mechanical properties is demonstrated to promote hPSC expansion under defined conditions. This 3D biomaterial, comprised of hyaluronic acid and poly(N‐isopropolyacrylamide), has thermoresponsive properties that readily enable mixing with cells at low temperatures, physical encapsulation within the hydrogel upon elevation at 37 °C, and cell recovery upon cooling and reliquefaction. After optimization, the resulting biomaterial supports hPSC expansion over long cell culture periods while maintaining cell pluripotency. The capacity to modulate the mechanical and chemical properties of the hydrogel provides a new avenue to expand hPSCs for future therapeutic application.
Direct Electrical Neurostimulation with Organic Pigment Photocapacitors
Authors: Rand David , Jakešová Marie , Lubin Gur , Vėbraitė Ieva , David‐Pur Moshe , Đerek Vedran , Cramer Tobias , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Hanein Yael , Głowacki Eric Daniel
Published: May 2018

An efficient nanoscale semiconducting optoelectronic system is reported, which is optimized for neuronal stimulation: the organic electrolytic photocapacitor. The devices comprise a thin (80 nm) trilayer of metal and p–n semiconducting organic nanocrystals. When illuminated in physiological solution, these metal–semiconductor devices charge up, transducing light pulses into localized displacement currents that are strong enough to electrically stimulate neurons with safe light intensities. The devices are freestanding, requiring no wiring or external bias, and are stable in physiological conditions. The semiconductor layers are made using ubiquitous and nontoxic commercial pigments via simple and scalable deposition techniques. It is described how, in physiological media, photovoltage and charging behavior depend on device geometry. To test cell viability and capability of neural stimulation, photostimulation of primary neurons cultured for three weeks on photocapacitor films is shown. Finally, the efficacy of the device is demonstrated by achieving direct optoelectronic stimulation of light‐insensitive retinas, proving the potential of this device platform for retinal implant technologies and for stimulation of electrogenic tissues in general. These results substantiate the conclusion that these devices are the first non‐Si optoelectronic platform capable of sufficiently large photovoltages and displacement currents to enable true capacitive stimulation of excitable cells.