bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Agricultural Wastes as Alternative Biosorbents
Authors: Derashri Poorva , Barage Sagar , Singh Shashi Bala
Published: March 2024

Agricultural wastes have excellent potential as substitute biosorbents to reduce pollution in the environment. These include organic contaminants, pesticides, dyes, heavy metals, and other impurities from soil and water. In the chapter, the authors focused on the adsorption capacity, remediation mechanism, and possible uses of agricultural wastes as biosorbents as well as their viability and efficacy. The biosorption capabilities of a variety of agricultural wastes, including crop residues, fruit peels, rice husks, and sugarcane bagasse, has been extensively studied. The processes of biosorption generally encompass ion exchange, complexation, physical adsorption, and chemical interactions between the target pollutants and the functional groups on the biosorbents. This study emphasizes the use of agricultural waste as an efficient alternative for artificial absorbents and promotes a circular economy by addressing environmental issues. Thus, the development of effective biosorption techniques using agricultural wastes is a pressing need for achieving environmental sustainability.
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Food Chains and Health Risks
Authors: Saxena Richa , Sharma Abhilekha , Srivastava Vaishnavi , Bharti Dipti
Published: March 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate interplay between heavy metal contamination, the food chain, and the associated health risks to human populations. The investigation encompasses a multifaceted exploration of the sources, pathways, and mechanisms involved in the bioaccumulation of heavy metals within the food web. The chapter initiates with a thorough analysis of the diverse sources of heavy metal contamination, ranging from industrial discharges to agricultural practices, elucidating the intricate routes through which these pollutants infiltrate ecosystems. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the dynamic interactions within soil-plant-animal systems that facilitate the uptake and transfer of heavy metals across trophic levels. This chapter amalgamates interdisciplinary insights from environmental science, toxicology, and public health, offering a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in the critical task of addressing heavy metal contamination in the food chain.
Recovery of Heavy Metals by Biosorption and Regeneration of the Adsorbents
Authors: Saikia Jitu , Dutta Rakesh
Published: March 2024

In recent times, significant research is carried out regarding efficient and cost-effective removal of heavy metals from water systems with the help of adsorption. Out of different absorption processes, biosorption processes have some major advantages over the other available physical or chemical processes. They have higher applicability because of their low cost and eco-friendly nature. However, no sufficient attention was paid to the recycling of adsorbents and recovery of heavy metals from the absorbents. The adsorbents themselves become toxic after absorbing the heavy metal. So, it is important to dispose of the used absorbent or reuse the absorbent by recovering and recycling process. In this chapter, the authors focus on recycling the absorbent and recovering of heavy metal that are used in various biosorption processes. Various types of acids, alkalis, and chelating agents were used regenerating agents for the recycling and recovery process.
Assessment of Anticancer Properties of Plumbago zeylanica
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Praveen Mallari , Sulaiman Wan Mohd Azizi Bin Wan
Published: March 2024

Plumbago zeylanica is a member of the Plubaginaceae family and well known for its pharmacological properties attributed to secondary metabolites such as phenolics, alkaloids, and saponins. Notably, the root extracts of this plant contain a compound called “plumbagin (PLB),” which has been responsible for its anti-cancer activity. PLB is a naturally forming naphthoquinone found in plant roots. Numerous researchers have stated the anti-cancer activity of PLB against various cell lines of cancer that include squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, brain tumor, lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney lymphocyte carcinoma, osteosarcoma, canine cancer, tongue leukemia, esophageal cancer, and hepatoma. In this chapter, we comprehend a review of the studies published till now related to the anticancer properties of Plumbago zeylanica, examining both recent advances and existing limitations in understanding of its potential in cancer treatment.
Role of Medicinal Plants Against Cancer
Authors: Gunasekaran Arthi , Sathya Trisha , Arumugam Vijaya Anand , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Robert Asirvatham Alwin , Meyyazhagan Arun
Published: March 2024

Cancer is a fatal disease where uncontrolled multiplication of cells occurs in the body. Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, and medications are some of the procedures for treating cancer infections, but they are expensive, and the cure is ineffective. Usage of plants for the treatment of cancer can be one of the effective processes as the phytochemical compounds in these plants have the potential of alleviating various malignancies that includes cancer. The phytochemical compounds found in the plants have the medicinal properties like anti-inflammation, apoptotic, anti-oxidative to treat various disease include the cancer. The following chapter will be about the Indian medicinal plants such as Carica papaya, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava, and Annona reticulate, in treating the cancer and its future perspectives.
Plant-Derived Compounds for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bansode Prakash
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed but one of the aggressive cancers among the females worldwide. The currently employed treatments for breast cancers are invasive, painful and suffer from high costs. Plant kingdom is a rich source of diverse groups of therapeutic compounds and drugs which can serve as cost effective and less toxic alternative for the breast cancer therapy. Traditionally, Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM) and Ayurveda systems have mention of effectiveness of many herbal drugs and formulations in breast cancer therapy. The preclinical studies have pointed out towards less explored potential of phytocompounds in breast cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Plant derived compounds exhibit strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic activities which may be efficiently targeted for breast cancer therapy.
Modelling Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour Towards the Brand Equity of Coffee Machines in Malaysia
Authors: Peng Loo Soo , Hoo Wong Chee
Published: March 2024

The goals of this chapter are to examine the application of a customer-based brand equity model based on Aaker's brand equity framework from the viewpoint of consumer behaviour in the coffee machine market in Penang, Malaysia. The theoretical framework of this study is derived from Aaker, namely brand equity model. Brand equity includes four dimensions: brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand awareness, and brand association. Customers or users who possess a coffee machine for home or business usage and are 21 or older are sought as respondents in this research. The chapter uses a structured online questionnaire containing a series of statements based on a 5-point Likert scale. Using convenience sampling, data were successfully collected from a total of 438 respondents. Brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand awareness, and brand association were shown to have a positive and significant influence on brand equity for coffee machine brands in Penang, Malaysia.
Development of Social Network Entrepreneurship in Ukraine
Authors: Lebedeva Nadezhda Anatolievna
Published: March 2024

Social networks are some large segments of internet business with their models of development and existence. Social networks as social and economic phenomenon are considered by researchers of various scientific fields. The basis for such research in modern works is the information technology sector as a platform for the functioning of social networks. Economic disciplines have their place in the structure of scientific areas dealing with social networks. Thus, marketing and management, personnel management, and entrepreneurship reflect modern economic trends related to this issue. In modern conditions, the companies that own social networks allow users to become their business partners, thereby creating completely new economic effects. The main tasks of the research are the determination of the impact of social networks on business, determination of approaches and functions of creation in Ukraine, means of existence of alternative social networks, and outline of business models of alternative social networks in terms of companies and individual users.
Azoka.com.bd
Authors: Akhter Rahma , Quadir Proma , Ansar Tazrian Binte , Tanisha Nuzhat
Published: March 2024

Bangladesh is embracing the modern dimensions of today's global economy, and aiding in this quest are the many budding start-ups that join the country's economy every year. The case details the journey of one such prospective start-up, Azoka, an online e-commerce website specializing in the selling of imported food products. However, in such a competitive market, Azoka has to put in more effort to survive and win the race towards success. This case invites students to look into the problems brewing in the existing operations of Azoka and recommend strategies for the company to revive its business.
Enabling Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Faiza Tanaz
Published: March 2024

This chapter primarily focuses on the significant contributions of female entrepreneurs to Bangladesh's economy in the light of technology/IT as a medium. Its primary objective is to present a comprehensive overview of the experiences of female entrepreneurs, including the support they have received, the obstacles they have had to overcome, and other related aspects and the involvement of technology to carry out their day-to-day activity. The central aim of this study is to explore the role of the digital marketplace in empowering women in Bangladesh's entrepreneurial endeavors. The findings of the study reveal that most women in Bangladesh initiate their businesses to attain self-sufficiency and financial independence. They face significant challenges such as social barriers, family constraints, limited resources, and labor shortages. Many of these female entrepreneurs were students, homemakers, or teachers before venturing into business.
Green Leadership in Strategic Brand Management
Authors: Faisal Sarika
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to delineate the importance of green leadership in strategic brand management. However, by applying the theory of coevolution and multi-level perspective, the authors have developed a model with dependent and independent variables and explained the causal relationship between green leadership and strategic brand management in Unilever. Moreover, they have used the qualitative data collection method to conduct the research because the factors which are related to green leadership are not possible to measure by number, i.e., not quantifiable. The findings of the study conclude that Unilever is the number 1 company that has been following green leadership for a very long time and also moving forward for more innovations.
The Future of Social Media Entrepreneurship in Business for Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Nawar Shafiqua , Zaman Marzia , Zahir Tasnim Binte , Khan Md. Shadman Rahman , Shariar Md. Sajid
Published: March 2024

This research explores how social media transforms women's entrepreneurship, examining its impact on networking, information gathering, and crowdfunding. Assessing advantages, disadvantages, and global potential, it addresses challenges and growth strategies. Acknowledging rapid social media growth, especially on platforms like Facebook and Instagram, the study delves into technology's role, emphasizing underdeveloped countries. It investigates challenges for rural women, proposing strategies for business expansion. The study emphasizes the future of social media entrepreneurship for women, highlighting creativity, productivity, and overcoming societal barriers. Practical applications include guidance for female entrepreneurs, aiding organizations in promoting women in business. The mixed-methods approach, despite limitations, contributes valuable insights to the evolving field.
COVID-19 Pandemic's Personal Safety Is Revolutionized by the Smart Mask
Authors: Raghu N. , Swetha G. , S. Druva Kumar , Shruthishree S. H. , Rekha C. M. , Kannanugo Niranjan , B. M. Hemanth Kumar
Published: March 2024

In light of the massive use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is clear that these protective gears are crucial in reducing the spread of respiratory viruses. This research unveils the Smart Mask, a cutting-edge platform built on the internet of things (IoT) that aims to proactively regulate and prevent the spread of illnesses such as COVID-19. The Smart Mask creates an all-encompassing environment for monitoring and analysing data in real-time about health by using sophisticated sensor technologies, smart algorithms, wireless connection, and state-of-the-art materials. The Smart Mask gathers and analyses data pertaining to the wearer's and their immediate surroundings' health via the seamless integration of internet of things capabilities. Accurate diagnoses, individualised treatment programmes, and health trajectory prediction are all made possible by processing this data using artificial intelligence.
Counterfeit Medicine Detection Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Singh Raghuraj , Kumar Kuldeep
Published: March 2024

Counterfeit medicine is a major problem in the pharmaceutical industry that threatens public health. The fake drugs are often inefficient, toxic, and can even cause death. This chapter presents a counterfeit medicine detection system using blockchain that prevents counterfeit drugs from entering into the supply chain. The system uses blockchain to create a secure and transparent record of the entire supply chain of medicines, from manufacturer to distributor to the end consumer. It allows for real-time tracking of medicines, providing transparency and accountability at every step. Smart contracts automate the verification process, reducing the potential for human error and improving efficiency. When a medicine enters the supply chain, a smart contract is created with its unique identifier, manufacturer, and distribution details. It ensures that every medicine can be traced back to its origin, and counterfeit medicine can be easily identified and removed from the supply chain. The presented system also provides a platform for customers to verify the authenticity of their medicines.
Impact of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques in Autism
Authors: Bhushan Megha , Singal Maanas , Negi Arun
Published: March 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behavioural and developmental illness caused by brain abnormalities. Individuals with ASD have difficulty with limited or repeated acts, as well as social communication and participation. Additionally, people with ASD may learn, move, or pay attention in various ways. It should be remembered that some individuals without ASD may also experience some of these symptoms. However, these traits may render life very difficult for those with ASD. Since the trend of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques has been on an onset in every domain, the same is being actively utilized for diagnosis and treatment of this aliment. This chapter provides an in-depth insight into the efforts of researchers on diverse crowd for development and implementation of ML/DL models to assist the ailing individual along with their families and health caregivers. It provides the review of existing works in diverse directions in focus with ASD like prediction, segregation, correlation, etc. between parameters which would help the medical professionals.
Learner-Centric Teaching Practices for Achieving Learning Outcomes
Authors: Alex Suja A.
Published: March 2024

Education is successful only when it balances both teaching design and the learning outcome. The role of an educational system is to empower students and make them life-long learners. There are various forms of innovative pedagogy to boost learner-centric teaching and learning in an educational system. This enables the students to become active learners in the classroom. The performance of a student in terms of learning outcome is required at the end of a course. This chapter will address various problems when using traditional teaching techniques in diverse learner environments and approaches to enable learner-centric teaching to reach the learning outcomes of a student.
Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindset in Media Education
Authors: Kalorth Nithin , Sagar Malvika
Published: March 2024

In the dynamic landscape of media and communication, the traditional models of education are evolving to meet the demands of an ever-changing industry. This chapter explores the imperative of cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset in media education, providing a comprehensive framework designed to equip students with the skills and mindset needed to navigate the complexities of the future media landscape. The chapter examines the rapidly evolving nature of the media industry, driven by technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviours. In this context, the traditional roles within media are being redefined, and new opportunities are emerging for those who can adapt and innovate. Recognizing the need for a paradigm shift in media education, the chapter advocates for the integration of entrepreneurial principles into the curriculum to prepare students for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Drawing inspiration from successful entrepreneurship models, the framework proposed in this chapter emphasizes the development of key entrepreneurial competencies.
Also, Victims of Expectations
Authors: Ribeiro Sílvia
Published: March 2024

This literature review explores the intricate relationship between substance abuse, sexual dysfunction, and victimization, emphasizing a multifaceted victimological perspective. It delves into research on how expectations regarding sexuality impact and are impacted by sexual dysfunction and drug consumption, affecting mental and emotional well-being. The cycle of initial relief from drugs turning into dependency worsens sexual difficulties and emotional distress. This interplay strains interpersonal relationships, causing communication breakdowns and emotional distance. The comprehensive perspective advocates for empathetic interventions, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach that considers physical and psychological aspects. It stresses open communication and support systems, with trauma-informed approaches crucial for breaking the cycle of victimization and fostering meaningful recovery. Recognizing and addressing these intersections promotes healthier relationships, both with oneself and others.
IDEAL: Maintaining PHC-focused training in a MBChB programme through a COVID-induced innovation
Authors: Couper Ian , Blitz Julia , Fish Therese
Published: March 2024

Responding to the need for authentic clinical training for students in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences developed an innovative 12-week longitudinal, integrated rotation for pre-final-year medical students, the Integrated Distributed Engagement to Advance Learning (IDEAL) rotation. This saw 252 students being placed across 30 primary and secondary healthcare facilities in the Western and Northern Cape provinces. With a focus on service learning, the rotation was built on experiences and research of members of the planning team, as well as partnership relationships developed over an extended period. The focus of student learning was on clinical reasoning through being exposed to undifferentiated patient encounters and the development of practical clinical skills. Students on the distributed platform were supported by clinicians on site, alongside whom they worked, and by a set of online supports, in the form of resources placed on the learning management systems, learning facilitators to whom patient studies were submitted and wellness supporters. Important innovations of the rotation included extensive distribution of clinical training, responsiveness to health service need, co-creation of the module with students, the roles of learning facilitators and wellness supporters, the use of mobile apps and the integration of previously siloed learning outcomes. The IDEAL rotation was seen to be so beneficial as a learning experience that it has been incorporated into the medical degree on an ongoing basis.Contribution: Longitudinal exposure of students to undifferentiated patients in a primary health care context allows for integrated, self-regulated learning. This provides excellent opportunities for medical students, with support, to develop both clinical reasoning and practical skills.
Dynamic innovation model for ambidextrous SMEs: Insights from a bibliometrics analysis
Authors: Chigori Darlington T. , Chinyamurindi Willie , Rungani Ellen C.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Ambidextrous SME innovations and technology models have led to success stories in the past. They face new challenges due to increasing uncertainty in the business environment. Purpose: The study reviews ambidexterity literature to determine trends and themes existing in the body of literature on ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a bibliometric and Vosviewer analysis of 1808 articles published on Scopus database from 1999–2022. The study used several indicators including data overview (scientific production in the area and three field-plot), conceptual structure (co-occurrence network, thematic map, and evolution), keyword analysis, and thematic mapping.Findings/results: The analysis indicated five main themes on which the ambidexterity literature focuses. The results revealed that the key themes in ambidexterity literature are continuous innovation, knowledge management, dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial and market orientation, enterprise resource management (ERM), and business performance.Practical implications: The review highlighted that SMEs struggle more in dynamic business environments. Business changes in recent years have proved the importance of innovation, ERM, knowledge management, and dynamic capabilities as beneficial factors for achieving enhanced performance.Originality/value: The analysis reveals several links in literature and valuable insights into possible models that can be scaled up and replicated across different industries. Themes in the domain mainly focussed on knowledge management, firm performance, digital transformation, open innovation, dynamic capabilities as well as entrepreneurial and marketing orientation The proposed business model can assist SMEs owners and managers in swiftly adapting to unpredictability in the changing business climate caused by the recent pattern of events.
Determinants of Undetected Hypertension among Women Aged 15–49 Years in India with Special Reference to Use of Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: Deepani Vijit , Singh Lucky , Alee Nongzaimayum Tawfeeq , Ovung Senthanro , Nair Saritha
Published: March 2024

Background:

Hypertension significantly contributes to avoidable morbidity and mortality. The literature indicates an increased risk of hypertension among tobacco users. This study examines the determinants of undetected hypertension among women in India and infers its relationship with smokeless tobacco (SLT) use.

Materials and Methods:

A nationally representative sample of 699,686 women (aged 15–49 years) in the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–2016) was utilized. Women participants who did not self-report hypertension but their mean blood pressure measured during the interview were above 140/90 mmHg were considered as having undetected hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between hypertension and predictor variables including the use of SLT.

Results:

The prevalence of undetected hypertension was found to be 9.1% among women in India, and in comparison to non-SLT users, a higher prevalence of hypertension was observed among current SLT users. Age, illiteracy, obesity, use of SLT, alcohol consumption, and residing in Northeast India were found to be significant determinants of hypertension.

Conclusion:

Preventing the use of SLT through socioculturally tailored tobacco control interventions, raising awareness for behavior and lifestyle changes, and regular screening for hypertension in communities may have the potential to reduce the increasing burden of hypertension among women in India.
Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2024
Authors: Jung Kyu-Won , Kang Mee Joo , Park Eun Hye , Yun E Hwa , Kim Hye-Jin , Kim Jeong-Eun , Kong Hyun-Joo , Im Jeong-Soo , Seo Hong Gwan
Published: March 2024

Purpose This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2024 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.Materials and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2021 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2022 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2024. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend for prediction.Results In total, 292,221 new cancer cases and 83,770 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2024. The most common cancer site is expected to be the thyroid, followed by the colon and rectum, lung, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent 55.7% of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.Conclusion The age-standardized incidence rates for female breast and prostate cancers are estimated to continue to increase. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.
Ideología política, populismo, alfabetización informacional y pensamiento crítico: desafíos para el futuro profesorado
Authors: Sánchez Lydia , Villanueva Baselga Sergio , Faure-Carvallo Adrien
Published: March 2024

Introducción: En las sociedades democráticas actuales, los diferentes fenómenos de desórdenes informativos, así como el uso adictivo y perjudicial de contenidos y medios de comunicación, especialmente los digitales, no ha hecho más que incrementar la necesidad de formación en este ámbito. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la incidencia del posicionamiento político y la tendencia al populismo sobre el índice de alfabetización informacional, la autopercepción de pensamiento crítico (APC) y la capacidad para detectar noticias falsas, en estudiantes de Máster de Formación del profesorado de Educación Secundaria en España; un colectivo esencial en la formación de futuros ciudadanos capaces de usar críticamente la información y los contenidos mediáticos. Metodología: Los datos se han recopilado a través de un cuestionario, aplicado a 716 estudiantes de dicho máster, en 14 universidades del territorio español. Estos datos se han analizado estadísticamente mediante SPSS. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las personas populistas tienen un nivel menor de alfabetización informacional que las no populistas; también, se observa que las personas que se sitúan políticamente más a la izquierda tienen un mejor nivel de APC y una mayor cantidad de aciertos en la detección de noticias falsas, mientras que el populismo no parece influir en ninguna de estas dos últimas variables. Conclusiones: Se destaca la necesidad de abordar por separado estas dimensiones, en la formación del profesorado, y que la alfabetización informacional y el pensamiento crítico, aunque valiosos, no garantizan una protección completa contra la desinformación y el discurso populista debido a la preeminencia de las emociones en la cognición humana.
Machine-Learning-Accelerated Simulations for the Design of Airbag
Constrained by Obstacles at Rest
Authors: Valenzuela del Rio Jose E. , Lancashire Richard , Chatrath Karan , Ritmeijer Peter , Arvanitis Elena , Mirabella Lucia
Published: March 2024

Predicting airbag deployment geometries is an important task for airbag and
vehicle designers to meet safety standards based on biomechanical injury risk
functions. This prediction is also an extraordinarily complex problem given the
number of disciplines and their interactions. State-of-the-art airbag deployment
geometry simulations (including time history) entail large, computationally
expensive numerical methods such as finite element analysis (FEA) and
computational fluid dynamics (CFD), among others. This complexity results in
exceptionally large simulation times, making thorough exploration of the design
space prohibitive. This paper proposes new parametric simulation models which
drastically accelerate airbag deployment geometry predictions while maintaining
the accuracy of the airbag deployment geometry at reasonable levels; these
models, called herein machine learning (ML)-accelerated models, blend physical
system modes with data-driven techniques to accomplish fast predictions within a
design space defined by airbag and impactor parameters. These ML-accelerated
models are evaluated with virtual test cases of increasing complexity: from
airbag deployments against a locked deformable obstacle to airbag deployments
against free rigid obstacles; the dimension of the tested design spaces is up to
six variables. ML training times are documented for completeness; thus, airbag
design explorers or optimization engineers can assess the full budget for
ML-accelerated approaches including training. In these test cases, the
ML-accelerated simulation models run three orders of magnitude faster than the
high-fidelity multi-physics methods, while accuracies are kept within reasonable
levels within the design space.
An Analysis of Tennenbaum's Theorem in Constructive Type Theory
Authors: Hermes Marc , Kirst Dominik
Published: March 2024

Tennenbaum's theorem states that the only countable model of Peano arithmetic
(PA) with computable arithmetical operations is the standard model of natural
numbers. In this paper, we use constructive type theory as a framework to
revisit, analyze and generalize this result. The chosen framework allows for a
synthetic approach to computability theory, exploiting that, externally, all
functions definable in constructive type theory can be shown computable. We
then build on this viewpoint, and furthermore internalize it by assuming a
version of Church's thesis, which expresses that any function on natural
numbers is representable by a formula in PA. This assumption provides for a
conveniently abstract setup to carry out rigorous computability arguments, even
in the theorem's mechanization. Concretely, we constructivize several classical
proofs and present one inherently constructive rendering of Tennenbaum's
theorem, all following arguments from the literature. Concerning the classical
proofs in particular, the constructive setting allows us to highlight
differences in their assumptions and conclusions which are not visible
classically. All versions are accompanied by a unified mechanization in the Coq
proof assistant.
Semiring Provenance for B\"uchi Games: Strategy Analysis with Absorptive Polynomials
Authors: Grädel Erich , Lücking Niels , Naaf Matthias
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a case study for the application of semiring semantics
for fixed-point formulae to the analysis of strategies in B\"uchi games.
Semiring semantics generalizes the classical Boolean semantics by permitting
multiple truth values from certain semirings. Evaluating the fixed-point
formula that defines the winning region in a given game in an appropriate
semiring of polynomials provides not only the Boolean information on who wins,
but also tells us how they win and which strategies they might use. This is
well-understood for reachability games, where the winning region is definable
as a least fixed point. The case of B\"uchi games is of special interest, not
only due to their practical importance, but also because it is the simplest
case where the fixed-point definition involves a genuine alternation of a
greatest and a least fixed point. We show that, in a precise sense, semiring
semantics provide information about all absorption-dominant strategies --
strategies that win with minimal effort, and we discuss how these relate to
positional and the more general persistent strategies. This information enables
applications such as game synthesis or determining minimal modifications to the
game needed to change its outcome. Lastly, we discuss limitations of our
approach and present questions that cannot be immediately answered by semiring
semantics.
Commuting Graphs of Split Metacyclic Groups
Authors: Gonzalez Erick
Published: March 2024

We study the link between groups and graphs created by considering the commuting graph of a group. We focus our efforts on groups that can be represented as the semidirect product of cyclic groups, and we describe the commuting graphs of two classes of such groups.
The Coloring Graph of Complete Graphs
Authors: Harris Haylee Aileen
Published: March 2024

We study the coloring graph of the family of complete graphs and we prove that Cn(Kt) is regular, transitive, and connected when n>t. Also, we study whether Cn(Kt) is distance transitive or strongly regular, and find its diameter.
Fixed Points of a Generalized Discrete Baker's Transformation
Authors: Cossel Greg , Horn Werner , Sherman William
Published: March 2024

In this note we investigate the fixed point sets for the iterations of a generalization of the two-dimensional discrete baker's transformation. In particular, we will derive explicit formulas for the fixed points, and the number of fixed points. Moreover, we will show that the set of all fixed points is a closed set. This generalizes the some of known results for the classical baker's transformation.
BitTorrent Protocol and a Modified Secretary Problem
Authors: Cummings Jay , Ezaki Joe
Published: March 2024

BitTorrent is a popular file sharing protocol in which a user downloads a file from a large collection of seeders, each of which has the file. The user downloads from b of these seeders, but repeatedly drops its worst connection and establishes a new one in search of the best b connections. In this paper we model the BitTorrent protocol using a modified secretary problem, and in doing so find precise stopping times for an arbitrary b. We show that every b gives the same success probability, and that this probability asymptotically approaches 1/e.
Discrete Approximation of Coloring the Plane
Authors: Chavez Angel , Ostergren Gwen
Published: March 2024

This work is inspired by the open problem The Chromatic Number of The Plane. We approximate the plane by only considering points with coordinates (p/n, q/n), where p and q are integers, and n is a fixed positive integer. To prevent triviality, we add the restriction that two points are adjacent if and only if their distance is between 1-ε and 1+ε for a non-negative ε. Adjacent points have to be colored differently. Our goal is to find the smallest ε for each n that will force us to use five colors.
Defining a Zeroth Homotopy Invariant for Graphs
Authors: Kane Coleman , Novoa Diego , Scull Laura , Thompson Jonathon
Published: March 2024

We define a zeroth homotopy π0(G) for a graph G. Our definition is a variation on the usual set of connected components and has the structure of a graph, and not just a set. We prove that our π0 is functorial and respects products: π0(G x H) ≅ π0(G) x π0(H), a property that the set of components fails to have.
An Elementary Proof of Weisman's Congruence When p=2
Authors: Neuberger Nick , Yildiz Bahattin
Published: March 2024

We give an elementary approach to proving divisibility results for a class of binomial sums that are similar to Fleck's congruence. We use tools that are accessible to undergraduate students and in proving the divisibility results, we obtain additional interesting properties that we highlight in several parts of the paper.
The Power Mean Test
Authors: Kulhanek Travis E , Ponomarenko Vadim
Published: March 2024

We devise a new test for convergence or divergence of an infinite series — the Power Mean Test. We explore the strength of this test relative to that of the Ratio and Root Tests and provide a family of series where the Power Mean Test is the most useful of the three tests.
Local Entropy and Lq-Dimensions of Measures in Doubling Metric Spaces
Authors: Anttila Roope
Published: March 2024

We define restricted entropy and Lq-dimensions of measures in doubling metric spaces and show that these definitions are consistent with the monotonicity of Lq-dimensions. This provides a correct proof for a theorem considering the relationships between local entropy and Lq-dimensions in a paper by Käenmäki, Rajala and Suomala, the original proof of which makes use of a slightly erroneous proposition.
Incorporating Migration Into an Age-Structured Population Model With Variable Mortality Rate
Authors: Martinez Gabriel , Nungaray Freddy , Chowdhury Laura Smith
Published: March 2024

We modify the McKendrick-von Foerster population model, an age-structured population model, by including a net migration term to model population dynamics when net migration is a significant contributor to population size. Net migration is treated as a continuous function of age and time. We consider the model's mortality rate as both a constant and as a function of age. By allowing the mortality rate to be a function of age, the model better captures more realistic death rates. We then apply this model to the United States population. When the mortality rate is considered as a constant, the model has 3.95% relative error. When the mortality rate is considered as a function of age, it yields a better approximation with a 2.33% relative error. This more accurate model of population dynamics can provide a framework for studying the effect of policy changes and major events on populations and sub-populations.
An Examination of Linear Combinations of Skew-Adjoint Type Algebraic Curvature Tensors
Authors: Brundan Joseph
Published: March 2024

In this paper a new potential invariant of algebraic curvature tensors, the signature, will be examined. Furthermore, linear combinations of skew-adjoint type algebraic curvature tensors will be thoroughly examined so as to provide some insight into the possible forms of algebraic curvature tensors.
Watts Spaces and Smooth Maps
Authors: Virgin Bryce
Published: March 2024

A new category is described, which generalizes a select variety of categories having smooth mappings as their class of morphisms, those like the C∞ manifolds and C∞ mappings between them. Categorical embeddings are produced to justify this claim of generalization. Theorems concerning the equivalence of smooth and continuous versions of different separation axioms are proved following the categorical discussion. These are followed by a generalization of Whitney's approximation theorem, a smooth version of the Tietze extension theorem, and a sufficient condition to guarantee that the connected components of these spaces are smoothly path-connected.
Optimal Minimal-Perturbation University Scheduling With Faculty Preferences
Authors: Kotas Jakob , Pham Peter , Koellmann Sam
Published: March 2024

In the university scheduling problem, sometimes additions or cancellations of sections of a course occur shortly before the beginning of the academic term, necessitating last-minute teaching staffing changes. We present a decision-making framework that both minimizes the number of course swaps, which are inconvenient for instructors, and maximizes instructors' preferences for section times they wish to teach. The model is formulated as an integer linear program (ILP). Numerical simulations for a hypothetical mid-sized academic department are presented.
A Closed Structure Constant Formula for the Universal Enveloping Algebra of the Lie Algebra sl2
Authors: Chamberlin Samuel Herron , Fernelius Caleb
Published: March 2024

Gourley and Kennedy gave a recursive formula for the structure constants of the universal enveloping algebra of sl2. Using Kostant's formula we give a closed formula for these structure constants.
Benfordness of the Generalized Gamma Distribution
Authors: Bi Zelong , Durmic Irfan , Miller Steven J.
Published: March 2024

The generalized gamma distribution shows up in many problems related to engineering, hydrology as well as survival analysis. Earlier work has been done that estimated the deviation of the exponential and the Weibull distribution from Benford's Law. We give a mathematical explanation for the Benfordness of the generalized gamma distribution and present a measure for the deviation of the generalized gamma distribution from the Benford distribution.
A Generalization to Bellman and Shapiro's Method on the Sum of Digital Sum Functions
Authors: Gadd Cora , Wong Ka Lun
Published: March 2024

Consider the digital sum function in base 2. In 1948, R. Bellman and H.N. Shapiro proved a formula for the sum of digital sum functions in base 2 up to a certain number with an error term. However, there was a mistake in their proof. We are able to correct the mistake and walk in their footsteps while retaining their idea and method to prove the theorem. We also generalized their method to prove the same theorem for general base.
The Mixed Finite Element Method Based on the Crank-Nicolson Scheme for Darcy Flows in Porous Media
Authors: Poonepalle Akshaya , Shi Brent , Kang Elly , Chin Joseph , Singh Mannan , Gupta Prakhar , Malhotra Riya , Kadiyala Sanjana , Thadiparthi Sirihansika , Kieu Thinh , Kim Yeeun
Published: March 2024

This article is devoted to the a priori error estimates of the fully discrete Crank-Nicolson approximation for the Darcy flows. Optimal order error estimates in two different norms are established for the lowest order. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical analysis regarding convergence rates.
Spider Web Graphs
Authors: Hobbs Cinnamon , Martino Kai , Scull Laura
Published: March 2024

Recent results from Chih-Scull show that the ×-homotopy relation on finite graphs can be expressed via a sequence of “spider moves” which shift a single vertex at a time. In this paper we study a “spider web graph” which encodes exactly these spider moves between graph homomorphisms. We show how composition of graph homomorphisms relate to the spider web, study the components of spider webs for bipartite and tree graphs, andfinish by giving an explicit description of the spider web for homomorphisms from a bipartite graph to a star graph.
Long-Term Opinion Distributions of an Opinion Formation Model with Averaging Behavior
Authors: Perez Cazarez Milka , Reed Stephanie
Published: March 2024

Sociophysics utilizes mathematical tools from physics to study social phenomena. In particular, interactions between individuals can impact emerging trends in the opinions of a population as a whole. This research focuses on the long-term opinion distributions of a population of individuals who can influence one another through pairwise interactions, where one individual modifies their opinion to be more in line with their neighbor. Interactions are governed by a social network, where friends on the network interact while strangers do not. We introduce a new model for opinion formation with averaging behavior where the opinion of an individual at any time t is an integer between −k and k. For example, an opinion of k could indicate a heavily republican opinion and −k a heavily democratic opinion. As the process evolves in time, interactions between neighbors x and y in the social network result in person x updating her opinion to be one step closer to the opinion of person y. We first consider the scenario where everyone in the social network is friends with everyone else. For k = 1 we compute explicitly the long-term opinion distribution via differential equations. For values of k > 1, we solve for the long-term distribution numerically using Runge-Kutta. We then compute the long-term opinion distribution via simulation, in the more general social network scenario.
An Exploration of Very Triangular Numbers
Authors: Baumheckel Audrey , Forgács Tamás
Published: March 2024

We present a collection of results concerning the location and distribution of very triangular numbers among triangular numbers, including the twin very triangular number theorem, the existence of arbitrarily long gaps between – and an analog of Bertrand's postulate for – very triangular numbers.
Cooling the Lower Abdomen for Pain Relief, Boosting the Immune System, Stopping the Hot Fleshes During Menopause and Better Sleep
Authors: Kuman Maria
Published: March 2024

The article is about cooling (with cold water) of the lower abdomen (which is most sensitive to cold) for: relief of abdominal pain, boosting the immune system, handling hot flashes during menopause and better sleep. The article also explains how it works – it is done through the biofield seen as aura, which rules and regulates everything in the body. I found it to be Nonlinear Electromagnetic Field (NEMF), which being nonlinear is not dissipating and can imprint information. The waves of the biofield (aura) scan the new environment and bring the information to the material body telling it how to change to adapt to the new environment. If the environment is drastically new, it handles the evolution to new species. In the process of adaptation, first the biofield (aura) NEMF is changed and if the drastically new environment stays the same for a long time, it evolves into DNA changes and evolution to new species. A proof that the evolution to new species is done through the biofield is the fact that the evolution to new species is done through a quantum jump – there are no intermediate forms.
Reimagining Healthcare Equity: Advocating for Inclusion of Septorhinoplasty under Ayushman Bharat PMJAY
Authors: Bali Kulbhushan , Kulkarni Annarao , Das Deepthy , MohanS Nidhi , Mallekavu Phaneendra
Published: March 2024

Septo-rhinoplasty, commonly known as nose reshaping surgery, has long been associated with cosmetic enhancements in urban centers. However, it's crucial to recognize the transformative impact Septo-rhinoplasty can have in rural India, extending beyond aesthetics to address significant health and social aspects. In rural areas, where access to specialized medical care is limited, individuals often bear the physical and psychological burdens of nasal deformities without recourse. Congenital anomalies, trauma, and functional impairments due to a misshapen nose can adversely affect a person's quality of life. Septo-rhinoplasty emerges as a beacon of hope, offering not just cosmetic improvements but substantial functional benefits.