bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple solutions of tungsten carbide-cobalt cutting tool turning performance optimization results by Taguchi's combined multiobjective approach analysis an exponentiated exponential Weibull Dagum distribution model
Authors: Vidya P. , Parthiban S.
Published: October 2024

Manufacturers employ various techniques to enhance tool life and influence both production costs and surface finish quality. Recently, cryogenic treatment has gained attention for improving machining performance. In this study, tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC–Co) cutting tools underwent cryogenic treatment at −196 °C for 24 h followed by tempering at 200 °C for 2 h. Machinability characteristics including Tool Wear Rate and Surface Roughness (Ra) were assed for Cryo Treated (CT) cutting tool during spinning operations on Al6063 alloy. This evaluation was compared with an untreated tool. Results demonstrate that the CT tool significantly enhances tool longevity while ensuring a satisfactory surface finish. To optimize the performance of the CT tool in turning processes, multiobjective optimization techniques, namely Taguchi's Grey Relational Analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, were utilized. In this research exponentiated exponential Weibull Dagum (EEWD) model has been utilized with the goal of increasing the tractability of the DGM (Dagum) in modeling the real-world data. The main object of this work, an innovative generalization of the EEWD distribution of Quantile Function (QntFEEWD) has been derived with six parameters. This QntFEEWD is significantly influent in driving measures of position such as the Qutl (quartiles), Octl (octiles), Decl (deciles), Pecl (percentiles), and median of EEWD distribution. The T-R{.} framework has been recently used to generalize different distributions; however, the DGM distribution's viability has not been examined. The T-R{.} combines three distributions, with one acting as a standard distribution. Each distribution's combined potency, which is a weighted hazard function of the baseline distribution, would have more parameters but be able to handle dataset bimodality with great flexibility. In order to generalize the DGM distribution, this paper used the quantile function of the Weibull distribution. The current study presents the EEWD, a novel generalized six parameter (6P) model.
Analysis of the power during machining of Inconel 718 for different geometrical profiles and the development of power prediction models using multisensor data
Authors: Adishesha Pramod , Allada Satish , Dhanish PB , Mathew Jose , Lawrence K Deepak
Published: October 2024

This article presents analyses and prediction of machining power during end milling of Inconel 718 for different geometric features namely angular slot, half slot, square pocket, rectangular pocket, and blind hole. The experimental study revealed that among the machining features examined, angular slot required the highest specific cutting energy, while blind holes consumed the least, across different machining conditions. A 40% increase in cutting speed raised specific cutting energy by 4–9%, while a similar increase in feed rate lowered specific cutting energy by 40–44% across all profiles. Doubling depth of cut reduced specific cutting energy by 50% for angular slots, half slots, square pockets, and rectangular pockets, but increased it for blind holes. Power prediction models were developed using multisensor data, employing two machine learning and two deep learning architectures. The performance of the four power prediction models was compared for all geometric profiles using both raw data and statistical feature data extracted from machining signals from force dynamometer, accelerometer, and acoustic emission (AE) sensors. Long–Short-Term Memory model outperformed other models in case of raw data for all geometric profiles. The Random Forest Regression method consistently fared better for power predictions models developed based on feature-extracted data. Predictive models trained without AE sensor data performed better than those trained with AE.
Do digitalization and green innovation limit carbon emissions? Evidences from BRICS economies
Authors: Zhang Hong , Dogan Eyup , Khan Zeeshan , Binsaeed Rima H
Published: October 2024

Rapidly evolving innovation and digitalization have captured the focus of policymakers and scholars regarding their potent role in influencing environmental quality. The present research analyzes the impact of these variables on the carbon emissions of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa economies from 1990 to 2021. This research also explores the impact of economic growth, quadratic green innovation, and green energy on carbon emissions. Using several panel diagnostic tests, this research validates heterogeneous slopes, the presence of cross-sectional dependence, and significant cointegration. Due to the mixed integration order, this research uses a cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag model, and the results show that economic expansion and green innovation are significant drivers of emissions in both the short and long run. However, digitalization, quadratic green innovation, environmental policy stringency, and green energy are significant in improving environmental quality and sustainability. The long-term results are tested by employing a series of parametric and nonparametric regressions. This research recommends further investment in environmental research and development, digital technologies, green innovation, and the strengthening of environmental policies to attain sustainable development.
Adaptive fast finite-time sliding mode scheme based on barrier function for second order systems with matched disturbances
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Song Shenmin , Shi Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the finite-time control problem for a class of second-order nonlinear systems with matched disturbances. An adaptive finite-time sliding mode control scheme has been proposed to solve the issue of stabilizing a second-order system with matched disturbance. By fully exploiting the properties of different functions at specific intervals, a sliding manifold with a faster convergence rate and its extended form have been constructed. Meanwhile, the corresponding sliding mode controller stabilizes the system with a faster convergence rate by utilizing the features of the proposed sliding manifold, and guarantees that the time to reach the equilibrium point from any initial state is finite. Besides, to reduce the effect of the matched disturbance with unknown upper bounds, a compensation term that combines the adaptive method and a positive semi-definite barrier function is proposed as well drives the manifold to a predefined region. Finally, simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to existing approaches and successfully applied in the field of aircraft attitude control to verify the practice potential.
Exploring the  Significance of  Cooperative Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development  of the Azilal Region, Morocco
Authors: Lazrak Youssra , Tissafi Amina El Idrissi
Published: October 2024

Cooperative entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in shaping local economies, particularly in the tourism sector. This research article investigates the role of cooperative entrepreneurship on tourism development and identifies the challenges faced by agricultural cooperatives. Using a qualitative approach, the study employs the Delphi method to gather data from 20 Chief Executive Officers of agricultural cooperatives. NVIVO11 software and thematic analysis were then used to analyse the data and provide detailed insights. The findings reveal that these cooperatives are pivotal in local tourism by creating jobs, fostering social cohesion and enhancing tourist experiences through initiatives like tourist circuits and educational activities. However, their potential is constrained by insufficient funding, inadequate infrastructure and a need for better training. The study extends cooperative entrepreneurship theories to rural tourism, emphasising the need for integrating sustainability and understanding cooperatives’ role in social cohesion and authenticity. For managers, overcoming funding challenges, investing in training and leveraging regional farming practices while prioritising sustainability are essential for improving tourism experiences and ensuring long-term success.
India and the African Union’s Engagement Through IAFS: Challenges of Strengthening Partnership
Authors: Rajwar Sushmita
Published: October 2024

India’s engagement with the African Union has been one of its important partnership agreements with Africa. The India–Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) kickstarted the engagement with African countries through the African Union overtaking bilateral relations and partnerships with regional organisations. India has since then remained a unique, request and need-based partner of the African Union. The various capacity-building initiatives taken up through IAFS have shown that India has shown serious commitment to India–Africa partnership. The first three IAFS shows that India committed substantial amounts of funds through IAFS. However, in reality, it could only deliver a very small portion due to the slow implementation of projects. Only 4% of Indian grants in 2017–18 were committed to Africa which improved slightly after 2019. Subsequently, over 40% of funds were committed but implementation had been very slow. There is never a third independent party evaluation of these projects for impact assessment or to suggest a solution for implementation issues. Presently, there is an urgent need to hold the next IAFS which has been delayed for a long time now. There is a need to organise review meetings with AU on a regular basis. India made extra-ordinary efforts to get the African Union admitted in G20 at the New Delhi meeting. However, the Indian expansion of Banjul Formula for IAFS, India’s renewed focus on Global South, bureaucracy-driven implementation of partnership projects and insufficient political-level communications with AU leadership throw new challenges.
Adoptive Parent Advice: Challenges, Strategies, and Insights for Future Adoptive Parents
Authors: Liang Alison Yun , Dallimore Elise , Hanlon Ryan
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study examines the advice from 2,131 adoptive parent responses, answering: “What do you believe is important for future adoptive parents to know?” An inductive thematic analysis yielded the following major findings: Various reasons adoption is challenging, strategies to confront challenges, and how adoption is worth the challenges. Parents describe adoption as difficult because (a) parents have unmet expectations, (b) it is time-consuming, (c) emotionally taxing, (d) there are limited resources, and (e) adopted children have behavioral challenges. Strategies for responding to challenges include (a) educating oneself, (b) establishing support, and (c) being patient. These findings suggest there are many absences in information for prospective adoptive parents, indicating the need for increased training, education, and knowledge dissemination. Implications for adoptive parents are delineated.
Conceptualizing Couples Through Romantic Attachment and Love Language
Authors: Tadros Eman
Published: October 2024

Attachment theory posits that relationships developed in childhood between children and their parents or caregivers, impact the manner in which later relationships are developed in adulthood. John Bowlby described various attachment styles within the child-caregiver relationship. Some of these attachment styles are viewed today through the lens of romantic attachment styles that include secure (content and healthy relationships), avoidant (dismissive and unengaged in relationships), and anxious (insecurities and fear in relationships). Couples romantic attachment could be better understood in conjunction with love languages. Love languages, developed by Gary Chapman, include words of affirmation, quality time, gift giving, physical touch, receiving gifts, and acts of service. Applying love language techniques to mending insecure attachments, can lead to couples understanding of one another's needs, and improve relationship satisfaction. Thus, this article advocates for clinicians’ assessing romantic attachment and love languages in couples therapy, to promote stronger, affectionate, empathic, and satisifying relationships.

Lay summary

Understanding your partner's needs can improve relationship satisfaction in relationships. Insecure romantic attachments may be strengthened by speaking your partner's love language. This article advocates for clinicians to assess for romantic attachment and love languages in couples therapy.
Effect of Active Virtual Reality Experience on the Memory and Emotion of an Indirect Exposure to an Adverse Event
Authors: Jamshidzadeh Mohammad , Parker Killian , Son Changwon
Published: October 2024

Emergency responders such as firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical service (EMS) providers are exposed to significant risks of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. Existing psychological interventions are focused on improving generic coping skills rather than dealing with the link between the memory of the adverse event and its reexperience. In this regard, this paper introduces a novel framework to address mental health problems among first responders by examining the impact of active virtual reality (VR) on memory and emotion following indirect exposure to an adverse event. Especially, we hypothesize that semantically irrelevant VR experience suppresses the retrieval of the memory of the adverse event and alleviate associated emotion. Our study consists of three stages: (a) watching a video of a severe car accident, (b) doing a semantically irrelevant VR activity (exploring a natural environment), and (c) taking a recall-based memory test of the car accident. To assess the changes in emotion, the Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) survey is used before watching the car accident video, after watching the video, and after performing the VR activity. In addition, participants’ heart rate and eye tracking measures are collected to understand how physiological and eye movement changes along the phases. Expected findings will inform the design of the VR-based mental health interventions and highlight VR as an effective tool for addressing mental health challenges faced by first responders.
Images of the Israel-Gaza War on Instagram: A Content Analysis of Western Broadcast News Posts
Authors: Hamas Elmasry Mohamad
Published: October 2024

This quantitative content analysis examined how popular Western broadcast news channels—BBC News, CNN, Fox News, Sky News, and MSNBC—used Instagram (IG) to cover the initial phase of the fifth Israel–Gaza war of the 21st century, which began on October 7, 2023. The research was undergirded by framing theory and the victim/defensive mode of reporting model. Overall, findings suggest that Western broadcast IG reporting was decidedly pro-Israel. Studied outlets consistently favored Israeli and pro-Israeli sources over Palestinian and pro-Palestinian sources; highlighted Israeli victims while neglecting Palestinian victims; and framed Israeli violence as self-defense while framing Palestinian violence as aggression.
Community Social Networking for Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Callen Elisabeth F. , Clay Tarin L. , Cogan Wendy , Black William R. , Jones Jordan T. , Mabachi Natabhona
Published: October 2024

While 10% of the U.S. population are afflicted with a rare disease, patients with a rare disease can have a difficult time finding a provider or useful information. Patients with rare diseases are often frustrated by lack of knowledge from their provider, lack of satisfaction with their provider, and lack of available time with their provider. Social connections and networks can be a useful tool for patients with rare diseases to seek and maintain support and information. For this study, a specific rare disease’s (Ehlers–Danlos syndrome) support groups in a moderately sized metropolitan area were surveyed about their social interactions with others around their rare disease. The survey was distributed through online support groups on Facebook and was open over a 3-month period. For the 102 respondents that completed the social networking portion of the survey, there were 448 connections. The main modality of networking was in-person, with discussions about their rare disease occurring daily. Providers can utilize these social networks, after engaging with patients, to disseminate educational information and request feedback from patients. The social networks patients create can help them feel a sense of connectedness they might not otherwise feel due to their rare disease.
Are Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies Informative for Safety Assessment of Vaccine Candidates? A Survey of Vaccine Developers
Authors: Rohde Cynthia M. , Destexhe Eric , van der Laan Jan Willem , Gould Sarah , Coe Rachel , Haenen Bert
Published: October 2024

A BioSafe-sponsored survey investigated how vaccine companies (n = 12) perceive the value of the repeat-dose toxicity studies for safety assessment of vaccine candidates. As all major vaccine developers were part of the survey, it was considered representative for the industry practices up to 2022. Vaccine developers indicated that they see scientific value in performing repeat-dose toxicity studies with vaccines, especially when novel components (e.g., adjuvant) or technology is being used. However, a few (3/12) also indicated that repeat-dose toxicity studies could be replaced by a pharmacology study with additional toxicity parameters. For the majority of companies (9/12), findings from the repeat-dose toxicity studies never prevented or postponed a first-in-human (FIH) trial. In the remaining 3 companies, a total of 4 occurrences of postponement or prevention of clinical development occurred and in only 2 of these cases was the finding considered related to the vaccine. A platform approach has been successfully implemented for influenza vaccines already in 2016, and an outline of the regulatory requirements for a platform approach has been recently documented in the latest infectious disease mRNA-LNP vaccine guideline, as well as in the guidance on the development and licensure of COVID-19 vaccines presented by the FDA. Vaccine developers are seeking to extend this platform approach to the development of new vaccines, building on established technologies and using well-defined manufacturing processes. This approach could support reduction of animal use (a principle of 3Rs) while still providing reassurance of the nonclinical safety of these products.
Examining Use of the Schoolwide Expectations Survey for Specific Settings to Build Expectation Matrices: A Pilot Study
Authors: Royer David James , Pelton Katie Scarlett Lane , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia
Published: October 2024

The Schoolwide Expectations Survey for Specific Settings (SESSS) is a free-access tool school leadership teams can use to gather opinions from faculty and staff regarding what student behaviors are critical for success in various school settings. While the SESSS has been used for over a decade to inform the building of schoolwide expectation matrix as part of their Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-Tiered model of prevention, little is known about the extent to which data from the SESSS informs the actual building of schoolwide expectation matrices. In this pilot descriptive study, we examined SESSS data from 10 elementary, middle, and high schools from two Midwestern districts in the United State to determine how much and which data from the SESSS were included in their expectation matrices. Using a standardized rubric to score each school’s inclusion rate of SESSS items, results indicated all schools included most items rated as critical for success by 75% or more faculty and staff. We discuss implications and future directions.
Examining the Impact of PBIS Experience on MTSS Implementation in Secondary Schools: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rangel-Pacheco Abril , Witte Amanda L. , Wright Rebecca A. , Swanson Linnea R.
Published: October 2024

This sequential explanatory mixed methods study with a complementarity rationale examined the differential experiences of MTSS implementation in three Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS)-implementing and three non-implementing secondary schools in the Midwestern United States. Using a survey and follow-up interviews with a sample of 25 secondary school leadership team (SLT) members, this study sought to understand (1) their beliefs and attitudes toward MTSS prior to implementation and (2) unique barriers and facilitators to MTSS implementation in secondary education following initial MTSS implementation. Overall, the results of this study indicated that generally, SLT members had positive beliefs and attitudes toward MTSS prior to implementation which were maintained a year later at follow-up. Additionally, several differential barriers and facilitators to implementation emerged between PBIS and non-PBIS schools, though shared barriers and facilitators were also evident. Lastly, experience with PBIS differentially impacted the experiences of SLT members from PBIS and non-PBIS schools. Implications for secondary school practitioners, schools, and local educational agencies are discussed.
Evaluation of the sedative properties of oral trazodone, gabapentin or their combination in healthy cats
Authors: Tucker Laura E , Sanchez Andrea , Valverde Alexander , Blois Shauna , Monteith Gabrielle , Longworth Pamela , Downie Alison , Gu Yu , Johnson Ron
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Sedation before veterinary visits is advocated to help reduce fear and anxiety in cats and facilitate safe handling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trazodone, gabapentin and a trazodone/gabapentin combination for oral sedation in healthy feline patients before blood donation.

Methods

A total of 21 cats were included in the study. Baseline sedation scores were obtained, and cats were randomly assigned to receive oral trazodone at 5 mg/kg (T), oral gabapentin at 10 mg/kg (G), their combination (TG) or placebo (control group). A sedation score was obtained 1 h after drug administration. A blood sample was obtained at the time of blood collection for quantification of drug plasma concentrations. Agreement between observers was tested with a Cohen’s Kappa test. Sign tests to compare change within treatment and a Skilling–Mack rank ANOVA to test for differences between groups were performed to compare pre- and post-sedation scores as well as a magnitude of differences over time between the groups. A Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test was used to correlate sedation scores with drug plasma concentrations.

Results

Post-sedation final scores were significantly higher only in the T ( P = 0.022) and TG groups ( P <0.001). The magnitude of change between pre- and post-sedation scores was larger in the TG ( P <0.0032) and T groups ( P <0.038) compared with the control group. There were no other significant differences between the groups. There was no correlation between drug plasma concentrations and sedation scores in any of the groups.

Conclusions and relevance

Administration of oral trazodone alone at 5 mg/kg or in combination with gabapentin at 10 mg/kg resulted in significant sedation in healthy cats with no evident side effects. The degree of sedation was more profound when both drugs were combined, but a gabapentin dose of 10 mg/kg alone failed to provide significant sedation in this population.
Avacopan in the treatment of refractory scleritis secondary to granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A case report
Authors: Bober Emilia , Sharma Bhavana , Papasavvas Ioannis , McAdoo Stephen , Petrushkin Harry
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Avacopan is a novel C5a receptor inhibitor which was recently licensed for treatment of severe granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in the European Union and the United Kingdom. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case on initial ophthalmic outcomes in a patient with severe GPA and concurrent refractory scleritis treated with avacopan.

Case Description

We present a case of de novo scleritis in a 77-year-old male with a background of retinitis pigmentosa with Argus II implant in situ. Severe scleral inflammation occurred following a suture removal from the implant site. Remission was not maintained despite orbital floor injections and high dose oral prednisolone. The diagnostic work-up revealed GPA which quickly progressed to involve vital organs. In view of his systemic deterioration, he was started on avacopan alongside rituximab, cyclophosphamide and high dose oral prednisolone. Sustained remission of scleritis was noted after 7 months of treatment with avacopan and low dose oral prednisolone with no other maintenance immunosuppression.

Conclusion

We observed a sustained benefit of avacopan in allowing for successful taper of systemic steroids. We report that avacopan used alongside other immunosuppressants may be a viable option in patients with GPA and concurrent refractory scleritis. Further studies are needed to establish the longer term impact of this agent on the control of scleral inflammation.
The influence of new media literacy to develop critical thinking in high school students / La influencia de la alfabetización en nuevos medios para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Pagán-Castaño Javier , Sánchez-Garcia Javier , Callarisa-Filiol Luis , Pagán-Castaño Esther
Published: October 2024

Critical thinking (CT) is considered one of the most important soft skills for student training and development, especially in an academic context in which students are immersed in a process of technologizing their teaching-learning process, are exposed to a large amount of information and are also great users of social media. The main objective of this study is to rigorously assess how new media literacy (NML) can influence the ability and willingness of students to think critically, and how CT and NML influence students’ perceptions of performance. Contrary to what is found in most of the literature, NML appears as a relevant antecedent to develop students’ skills and dispositions to think critically. These findings raise the need to deepen the study of the relationship between NML and CT.
Microbial Contamination of Herbal Medicines in Africa, 2000-2024: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahiabor Wisdom K , Darkwah Samuel , Donkor Eric S
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Herbal medicine has been a cornerstone of healthcare for centuries, with an estimated 80% of the world’s population relying on it. In Africa, herbal medicine is the backbone of rural healthcare, serving 80% to 90% of the population. Despite its widespread use, the safety of herbal medicine raises a significant concern considering the lack of regulation and testing, particularly in Africa. Microbial contamination is a primary safety risk threatening consumer health. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise evidence on microbial contamination in herbal medicines across Africa, provide a clear understanding of the problem, and inform effective public health interventions regarding microbial contamination of herbal medicines in Africa.

Method:

The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate search terms. Eligible studies were selected based on predetermined criteria, and data were extracted and analysed.

Results:

The review included fifty eligible studies in Africa, with a combined sample size of 1996, of which 1791 showed microbial contamination. Bacterial contaminants were reported in 98% of studies, with Escherichia coli (62%) being the most reported bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (57%), and Bacillus spp. (55%). Fungal contaminants were reported in 70% of studies, with Aspergillus spp. (40%) being the most reported, followed by Penicillium spp. (27%) and Candida spp. (26%). Parasitic contaminants were reported in 2% of the studies reviewed. A total of 70 bacterial species, 37 fungal species, and 6 parasite species were identified in this review.

Conclusion:

Herbal medicines in Africa pose significant health threats to consumers due to the high prevalence of diverse microbial contaminants and clinically significant pathogens. This emphasises the need for stricter regulations and quality control measures in the production, sale and use of herbal medicines.
Measurement of cerebral venous oxygenation with quantitative susceptibility mapping after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A pilot study
Authors: Qi Meng , Zhang Lei , Wang Ning , Jiang Lidan , Zhao Hao , Chen Wenjin , Xu Yueqiao
Published: October 2024

Objective

We measured cerebral venous oxygenation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to explore its relationship with cognitive function.

Methods

Twenty participants, including 10 patients with aSAH and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group, were included. Patients with aSAH were evaluated at 2 days, 3 weeks, and 6 months after aSAH. Each participant underwent magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline, midpoint, and endpoint. QSM was used to determine the magnetic susceptibility of the cerebral veins. Furthermore, the relationship between MoCA and oxygen saturation in the cerebral veins was examined.

Results

The first scans of the cerebral veins and straight sinus susceptibility were considerably more significant in the aSAH group than in the healthy control group. At the 6-month follow-up, the mean oxygen saturation steadily increased in the aSAH group. Cerebral venous oxygen saturation was moderately correlated with MoCA (r = 0.5319, P = .0025).

Conclusion

QSM can be used to measure changes in cerebral venous oxygenation levels in patients with aSAH. During the acute phase of aSAH, there is a reduction in the oxygen saturation in the cerebral veins, and the shift in oxygen saturation levels may correlate with cognitive outcomes in patients with aSAH.
‘You can’t trust the mainstream media’: exploring shifts in racist, homophobic, transphobic, sexist, antisemitic and Islamophobic sentiment within Australian far-right alternative news media
Authors: Jones Callum , Trott Verity , Robards Brady , Roberts Steven
Published: October 2024

Alternative news media, which opposes mainstream news media, has been utilised by the far right to proliferate their ideology. This study explores how the scale of discussion, and negative framing, of different groups that are commonly targeted by the far right changes over time. Taking 7089 articles published by a prominent Australian far-right alternative news media outlet over a 7.5-year period, and a corpus of 311 keywords, a keyword frequency analysis and sentiment analysis establish the scale of discussion and negative framing of groups across four time states. Additionally, a computational word frequency analysis in tandem with a qualitative close-reading explores the context of discussions. The findings identify a range of targets of the far right, each centred around different political, racial, religious, gendered and sexual identities. A long-term shift towards extreme right ideologies is found, through increasingly hostile attitudes towards LGBTQIA + people, escalating antisemitism and direct engagement with neo-Nazism.
Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete arch ribs
Authors: Liang Xiao , Sun Qiang , Du Chunyu
Published: October 2024

For many years, arch bridges have been celebrated for their striking appearance and structural effectiveness. However, the response of arch bridges to dynamic loadings, particularly during earthquakes, remains poorly understood, and reliable seismic design guidelines are lacking. Previous research has suggested that reinforced concrete (RC) arch ribs may experience flexural yielding at their springings due to the interaction of axial force and bending moment under earthquake loading. To assess the ductile behavior and ensure the adequate performance of RC arch ribs, a comprehensive investigation combining experimental and analytical approaches was conducted in this study, taking into account the influence of high axial load and the hollow section configuration present in RC arch ribs. The test results revealed that all RC arch ribs exhibited a typical flexural failure mode. As the axial load increased, the lateral load bearing capacity also increased, but the displacement ductility decreased significantly. Comparing different section configurations, the RC arch rib specimen with a double-cell boxed section demonstrated higher lateral load bearing capacity but lower displacement ductility compared to the single-cell boxed section, while the energy dissipation capacity was approximately similar for both section configurations.
Hydrogen-enhanced corrosion behaviour of Cu-doping low-alloy steels through corrosion tests and first-principles calculations
Authors: Yu Chenjun , Wang Yi , Zhang Tianyi
Published: October 2024

This study examines the crucial role played by Cu in electrochemical corrosion under marine and hydrogen-coupled environments. The adsorption energies of hydrogen and chlorine at different surface sites of α-Fe and Cu-doped α-Fe were analysed using first-principles computations. A significant increase in adsorption energies introduced by Cu was discovered and evidenced by shifts in electrochemical polarisation curves, corresponding with the corrosion morphologies. Moreover, we delve into the effects of Cu on hydrogen solubility and diffusion within the steel, showing that Cu atoms affect hydrogen transport by altering the energy barriers and forming precipitates. These comprehensive insights provide a deeper understanding of the role of Cu doping in enhancing the performance and durability of Ni-containing steels in corrosive and hydrogen-prone environments, offering valuable guidelines for material design and application in industrial settings.
Clinician Prediction of Early Readmission Among Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lee Yi-Ting Hana , Hogan Julien , Maroney Kieran , Adams Andrew , Lynch Ray J. , Patzer Rachel E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Patients are at risk of hospital readmission after kidney and liver transplantation due to the complexity of posttransplant care. Currently, clinical practice relies on providers’ prediction since there is a lack of specific strategies. However, the accuracy of clinicians’ ability to predict readmissions using clinical judgment alone is unknown. Research Question: What is the accuracy of clinicians’ ability to predict readmissions after transplantation using clinical judgment alone? Design: In 2019, clinical providers at a large, urban transplant center were electronically surveyed. Primary surgeons, nephrologists, transplant pharmacists, hepatologists, and nurses were asked, within 24 h of any kidney or liver transplant recipient discharge, to predict whether a patient would be readmitted within 30 days, and the suspected causes of readmission. Prediction accuracy was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and F-score. Kappa scores were calculated to assess agreement between transplant surgeons and other providers. Results: Overall, N = 34 unique providers were surveyed about 148 kidney and 63 liver transplant recipients, and 27.0% of kidney recipients and 25.4% of liver recipients were readmitted within 30 days. The positive predictive values were low among clinical providers, ranging from 0.25 to 0.55. Agreements between providers were weak, but higher among kidney transplant providers (range: 0.42-0.44) than for liver transplant providers (range: −0.02-0.26). Conclusion: Clinical judgment alone to predict readmission among transplant recipients may not be sufficient and a combination of clinicians’ predictions, multitiered discharge surveillance strategies and data-based predictive models may better identify high-risk patients and guide interventions to reduce readmission.
Exploring how grassroots civil servants’ professional group identification affects job burnout: Evidence from China
Authors: Qin Xiaotong , Zhang Shuwei , Liu Pan
Published: October 2024

We sought to understand better how to alleviate job burnout among grassroots civil servants. Specifically, we studied how professional group identification alleviated their sense of relative deprivation and enhanced their motivation for public service to reduce their burnout. We conducted a vignette experiment ( N = 151) and an online survey ( N = 439) on grassroots civil servants in China. In the experiment, we manipulated professional group identification to influence burnout in both experimental and control groups. In the survey, we used scales to measure the variables we were concerned about, and used the process plug-in of SPSS to analyze and compare the mediating effects. Results revealed that higher professional group identification led to lower job burnout, and public service motivation (PSM) and group relative deprivation (GRD) played mediating roles in the causal relationship. This study examined the dual pathways through which professional group identification mitigated job burnout, surpassing current understanding of the relationship between identification and job burnout. With greater validity than ever, we provide an original perspective on alleviating job burnout in public organizations.
Development and Validation of a Low-Cost, High-Fidelity Simulation Model for Robotic Internal Mammary Artery Harvest Using the da Vinci Xi Robot
Authors: Ashraf Syed Faaz , Seese Laura , Hasan Irsa S. , Babu Ashok N. , Balkhy Husam H. , Kiaii Bob B. , Guy T. Sloane , Kaczorowski David J. , Bonatti Johannes
Published: October 2024

Objective:

We created and validated a low-cost simulation model for robotic internal mammary artery (IMA) takedown.

Methods:

The simulation model utilized a calf fetus thorax cavity stented open internally and secured to a table. The simulation model was validated at a 2-day robotic cardiac surgery workshop. Each participant harvested one IMA using the da Vinci Xi robot (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). We compared participant self-reported confidence at robotic IMA harvest before and after using the simulator.

Results:

Our novel thorax-securing strategy resulted in a stable structure and allowed access to both IMAs from the same 3 ports. The cost to set up the first simulation model was $176 and $133 for every subsequent model. Fifty participants used the simulation model: 42 cardiothoracic surgery attendings and 8 fellows or residents. The feedback form response rate was 78% ( n = 39). On the Likert scale, participants rated realism of the calf model to simulate robotic IMA harvesting (0 = not realistic, 10 = highly realistic) with a median of 8 out of 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 7 to 9). Participant confidence (0 = not at all confident, 10 = very confident) in robotic IMA harvesting before and after using the simulator increased ( P = 0.001) from a median of 5 (IQR 1 to 7) to 9 (IQR 7 to 10).

Conclusions:

This robotic IMA harvest simulation model is affordable, realistic, and improved participant confidence in robotic IMA harvest. It may provide a valuable training tool for surgeons learning robotic coronary bypass surgery and allows for training frequency necessary to pass basic learning curves.
Coronary Connector Facilitated Total Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass: An Ex Vivo Feasibility Study
Authors: Gianoli Monica , de Jong Anne Roos , Wassink Harmen Matthijs , Gründeman Paul F. , Kiaii Bob , Balkhy Husam H. , Suyker Willem J. L.
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) procedures pose significant challenges, motivating the development of Octocon, an automated endoscopic connector designed for coronary anastomoses in off-pump and endoscopic settings. This feasibility study aimed to assess Octocon’s functionality and maneuverability in closed-chest conditions during robot-assisted TECAB simulations.

Methods:

The Octocon deployment comprises a 3-step procedure. Initially, delicate self-aligning microstapling technology is used to attach connector halves to individual blood vessels. Subsequently, the connector halves are joined to accomplish the anastomosis process. TECAB conditions were simulated using a dedicated box housing ex vivo porcine hearts. The study, conducted by 3 experienced surgeons, investigated the feasibility and standardization potential of a robot-assisted procedure employing Octocon. It evaluated maneuverability in closed-chest conditions and assessed the effectiveness of grafting internal mammary artery segments to different heart regions using single graft, jump graft, and Y-graft constructions.

Results:

The robot-assisted procedure, using 4 standard instruments, successfully completed all 3 steps in 18 anastomotic procedures. In 96% of cases, the procedural steps were accomplished on the first attempt. The feasibility of constructing jump graft and Y-graft geometries on both anterior and posterior heart walls was demonstrated. Furthermore, experiences affirmed the device’s endoscopic user-friendliness, ease of teachability, reproducibility, and potential to achieve expedient, leak-free anastomoses.

Conclusions:

This ex vivo study confirmed Octocon’s potential suitability and functionality for TECAB. The device can create diverse grafting strategies and achieve wide-open vascular connections on various heart regions, highlighting its potential in advancing minimally invasive, robot-assisted coronary procedures. These promising results justify further exploration for integration into clinical practice.
Decrease of Prolylcarboxypeptidase Dose of Aqueous Humor is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma via Finetuning of the Local Ocular Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Ren Jing , Xiao Yuanyuan , Wang Di , Cui Huiling , Zhao Rumeng , Guo Zilu , Wang Yuhao , Zhu Shichao , Tang Bo , Wang Jing , Wang Gang , Wang Huaying , Hu Xinyuan , Thorne Rick F. , Duan Shichao , Li Haijun
Published: October 2024

Objective

In this study, we investigated the cause of the AngII dose elevation in aqueous humor of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Methods

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting were used to detect concentration of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP). AngII and AngII + Recombinant PRCP were injected into anterior chamber of mouse eye. Mouse Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured every week, mouse eye sections were conducted Hematoxylin-and-Eosin (H&E) staining, Masson’ staining and Immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting and Immunofluorescence staining assays to detected fibrosis of trabecular meshwork cells. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins of aqueous humor.

Results

PRCP dose are decreased in aqueous humor of POAG patients. There is a negative correlation between PRCP and AngII levels in aqueous humor and between PRCP levels and the IOP. PRCP treatment reverses fibrosis of trabecular meshwork (TM) and prevents IOP elevation induced by AngII. Exogenous PRCP rescues fibrosis induced by AngII in HTMCs. Proteome profiling detected 502 differentially expressed proteins.

Conclusion

Our study found PRCP dose was decreased in POAG patients’ aqueous humor, and it might cause high level of AngII. Restoration of PRCP rescued fibrosis of TM cells and ameliorated IOP in AngII treatment mouse.
Hydrothermal dynamics of darcy Forchheimer ternary hybrid nanofluid flow past bended surface with active—passive controls
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad
Published: October 2024

This dynamic study investigates hydrothermal and rheological properties of two-dimensional ternary nanofluid flow by using active passive control mechanisms on nanoparticles navigating a porous curved surface. The working fluid contains nanometer sized spherical shaped particles of three different metals [Formula: see text], which are homogenously and stably dispersed in liquid dihydrogen monoxide as host fluid. A strong magnetic force of strength [Formula: see text] acts along radial direction of curved surface. Thermal radiation term in heat equation suggests a strong heat source in the vicinity. This unique amalgamation, which has not been addressed so far by any researcher incorporates Brownian motion and thermophoresis to construct the hydrothermal framework. The passive control of nanoparticles on surface influenced by Brownian movement and thermophoresis, which is considered more realistic in comparison to constant concentration hypothesis (active control), have been taken into account. The nanoliquid flow is governed by system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) that cater thermophysical properties of nanoparticles. After simplifying the system to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using suitable transform, it is solved numerically using bvp4c in MATLAB 2023a. The obtained graphical and numerical results are discussed in detail to explain physics of observed thermo-rheological behaviour and mass diffusivity. The study reveals that curvature and porosity factors have opposite effects on velocity profile. All involved parameters augment temperature profile for both active and passive controls except curvature factors. In all the cases, active control assures higher temperature over passive control. Dual consequences have been noted for active and passive controls for concentration panels in most cases. Nusselt number is found increasing for increasing nanoparticles concentration with ternary nanofluid having maximum heat transfer rate. This study significantly contributes to the knowledge of ternary nanofluidic thermo-rheological analysis on curved stretching surface having numerous applications in mechanical, thermal and industrial domains. It also offers insights for developing advanced coatings and materials in industrial and engineering context.
Optimized feature extraction and object detection for indoor dynamic environment visual SLAM study
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Wang Yingchao , Wu Zhenmin
Published: October 2024

This study introduces the YORB-SLAM algorithm, a novel approach that integrates an enhanced ORB-SLAM2 framework with a lightweight YOLOv5 model to improve the robustness and accuracy of visual SLAM systems in indoor dynamic environments. By incorporating a variable threshold FAST corner detection algorithm, we optimize feature point extraction performance under unstable lighting conditions. An improved quadtree algorithm not only accelerates feature extraction but also retains richer image information. Further, we tailor a lightweight YOLOv5 model to our application scenario through self-training and devise a set of dynamic feature point elimination rules, significantly boosting performance in dynamic indoor scenes. Evaluations on six dynamic indoor sequences from the TUM dataset show that YORB-SLAM significantly outperforms the original ORB-SLAM2 in accuracy and exhibits better real-time capabilities than DS-SLAM and DynaSLAM.
Hirsutism
Authors: Elakabawy Heba
Published: October 2024

Hirsutism is a condition marked by excess terminal hair growth in women in areas like the upper lip, chin, abdomen, back, and thighs. This dark, coarse hair may signify hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated androgens, and may be linked to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, adrenal hyperplasia, or medications affecting hormone levels. Diagnosis and management involve identifying the underlying cause and may include hormonal therapies, lifestyle changes, and cosmetic treatments to control hair growth. This article aims to summarise the causes, differential diagnosis, investigation, and treatment options for hirsuitism affecting patients presenting in primary care.