bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porównanie metod oznaczania wrażliwości na flukonazol klinicznych szczepów Candida
Authors: Brzozowska Patrycja , Czechowicz Paulina , Nowicka Joanna
Published: October 2021

Grzyby z rodzaju Candida odpowiedzialne są m.in. za zapalenie pochwy i sromu oraz kandydemię. Jednym z kluczowych elementów diagnostyki mikologicznej wymienionych zakażeń jest oznaczanie lekowrażliwości grzybów na różne leki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, w tym flukonazol. W rutynowej diagnostyce wrażliwość na flukonazol jest wyznaczana najczęściej za pomocą pasków z gradientem stężeń (tzw. E-testów). Za metody referencyjne uznawane są dwa nieznacznie różniące się od siebie schematy wyznaczania MIC flukonazolu – opracowane przez EUCAST oraz CLSI. Celem pracy było porównanie wartości MIC otrzymanych z zastosowaniem obu metod referencyjnych oraz otrzymanych przy użyciu E-testów. Zbadano 32 szczepy kliniczne i 4 szczepy referencyjne. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników szczepy zostały zaklasyfikowane jako wrażliwe na flukonazol, oporne lub wrażliwe w zależności od dawki. Uzyskane wartości MIC różniły się zależnie od zastosowanej metody. Zdecydowana większość szczepów została zaklasyfikowana do tych samych kategorii lekowrażliwości, niezależnie od wybranego schematu postępowania. Pojedyncze niezgodności dotyczyły głównie szczepów NCAC. Różnice w zakresie otrzymanych wyników – zarówno wartości MIC, jak i klasyfikacji klinicznej szczepów do odpowiednich kategorii – wymagają dalszej weryfikacji i ustalenia przyczyn ich występowania.
Czy warto monitorować zakażenia i inwestować w ich zapobieganie?
Authors: Ciuruś Maria
Published: October 2021

Terminem „zakażenia szpitane” określa się wszystkie zakażenia związane z opieką zdrowotną. Istnieje wiele potencjalnych czynników ryzyka, które mogą przyczynić się do ich rozwoju, stąd bardzo istotne jest skutecznie wykrywanie, rejestrowanie i monitorowanie zakażeń. Działania te umożliwiają sformułowanie wniosków dotyczących częstości występowania zakażeń w szpitalu i w poszczególnych oddziałach. Monitorowanie zakażeń umożliwia m.in. walidację efektów pracy zespołu kontroli zakażeń oraz zależności między zużyciem antybiotyków, liczbą wykonywanych badań mikrobiologicznych, nakładami na higienę szpitalną a rodzajem lekooporności mikroorganizmów. Dzięki monitorowaniu można zaobserwować tendencje w reoperacjach z powodu zakażeń oraz zgonach, których bezpośrednią przyczyną są zakażenia szpitalne. Monitorowanie zakażeń pozwala ponadto na określenie czasu i kosztów przedłużonej hospitalizacji z tytułu zakażeń szpitalnych oraz zaplanowanie działań mających na celu poprawę jakości opieki i redukcję liczby zakażeń szpitalnych.
Imperfection Tolerances During the Erection of Steel Plate Girders and Geometrical Nonlinearities
Authors: Maiorana Emanuele , Donko Maël Sonna , Poh’sié Guillaume Hervé
Published: October 2021

This work aims to prove that the strict initial imperfection tolerance limits proposed by the American AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the European EN 1090-2 codes could be relaxed for the webs of the most encountered steel I-plate girders subjected to local bend-buckling during their erection phase. To achieve this scope, a parametric study was done involving 36 perfect and 612 imperfect web models with varying aspect ratio, slenderness ratio, initial imperfection amplitude, and stress ratio using Abaqus/CAE by Finite Element (FE) linear buckling analyses then FE geometrically and materially nonlinear analyses with imperfections included (GMNIA). After investigating the results, two main research novelties were found. An easily applicable equation to determine the ultimate strength of webs subjected to direct stresses, which is a function of not only the slenderness ratio and stress ratio (as in other research) but also a function of the initial imperfection amplitude, was derived. Secondly, a tolerance limit equation that is a function of not only the slenderness ratio but also the stress ratio, thus considering the symmetry of the section of plate girders, has been derived. The derived tolerance limit equation provides acceptable and inclusive parameter-wise imperfection tolerances for webs of plate girders so as to relax strict and costly tolerance limits. The results obtained show that for monosymmetric I-plate girders during erection, EN 1090-2 and AWS D1.1/D1.1M tolerance limits can be relaxed to around 40% and 80% in less slender webs and close to 60% and 200% in more slender webs, respectively.
Fiscal Policy as a Solution to Involuntary Unemployment
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: October 2021

We show the existence of involuntary unemployment based on consumers’ utility maximization and firms’ profit maximization behavior under monopolistic competition with increasing, decreasing or constant returns to scale technology using a three-periods overlapping generations (OLG) model with a childhood period as well as younger and older periods, and pay-as-you-go pension for the older generation, and we analyze the effects of fiscal policy financed by tax and budget deficit (or seigniorage) to achieve full-employment under a situation with involuntary unemployment. Under constant prices we show the following results. 1) If the realization of full employment will increase consumers’ disposable income, in order to achieve full-employment from a state with involuntary unemployment, we need budget deficit (Proposition 1). 2) If the full-employment state has been achieved, we need balanced budget to maintain full-employment (Proposition 2). We also consider fiscal policy under inflation or deflation. Additionally, we present a game-theoretic interpretation of involuntary unemployment and full-employment. We also argue that if full employment should be achieved in equilibrium, the instability of equilibrium can be considered to be the cause of involuntary unemployment.
Cross-scale analysis of diversification processes in fuelwood use in three contrasting ecoregions of Argentina (Chaco, Pampa and Patagonia): the role of exotic species in subsistence
Authors: Jiménez-Escobar N. David , Doumecq María Belén , Morales Daniela , Ladio Ana H.
Published: October 2021

Fuelwood is one of the main sources of energy for rural populations in many environments and ecosystems. However, little research has been done on the diversification processes associated with the use of woody plants for fuel (UWPF). This study was carried out in rural communities of three eco-regions of Argentina (the phytogeographical provinces of Chaco, Pampa and Patagonia). Open and semi-structured interviews were performed in 72 households, focusing on the current richness of fuelwood, supply strategies and gathering sites. The biogeographical origin of the mentioned species was established, and the pressure of use on fuel wood was evaluated indirectly. The results were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 78 species was recorded, of which 51 were native and 27 exotic. Gathering is the most common supply strategy in all the ecoregions studied, fuelwood being obtained mainly in sites with little human intervention. Pressure of use did not vary between native and exotic species. A generalized linear model showed that the use of native versus exotic species varied according to the ecoregion and the level of human intervention in the supply area, while acquisition strategies were similar for both native and exotic species in all eco-regions. Each region presented different use patterns, but the areas with most human intervention were always used to gather exotic plants. In line with our hypothesis, the diversification processes in UWPF varied according to ecoregion, each area having intrinsic characteristics associated with its history. The exotic species currently used as fuel wood increase the repertory of plants recognised and used by the local population.
Epithelial gastric polyps
Authors: Wdowiak Monika , Kabała Bartosz , Olak Bartłomiej , Ostrowski Bartosz
Published: October 2021

Gastric polyps are lesions projected above the mucosal surface, which are detected in approximately 1–6% of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Based to their shape, polyps are classified as pedunculate, semi-pedunculate, sessile and flat. Depending on the histopathological type, some of them have the potential to transform into adenocarcinoma. Polyps can be of epithelial and non-epithelial origin. The first group, which is discussed in greater detail in this paper, includes fundic gland polyps, hyperplastic, adenomatous and hamartomatous polyps. Non-epithelial polyps include stromal tumours, leiomyomas, fibrous inflammatory polyps, fibroids, fibromyomas, lipomas, ectopic pancreas, neuroendocrine tumours, neuromas, and some vascular lesions. Multiple polyps in patients under the age of 40 years require more extensive diagnosis for hereditary polyposis syndromes, which are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, as well as other gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal malignancies. In recent years, there has been a clear decrease in the proportion of hyperplastic polyps and an increase in the proportion of fundic gland polyps among all gastric polyps, which is probably related to the increased use of proton pump inhibitors and a reduced incidence of Helicobacter pylori infections. About 90% of gastric polyps are detected accidentally and usually do not cause clinical symptoms, but large polyps may be responsible for anaemia, bloody stools, abdominal pain, and even pyloric obstruction, which may be manifested by vomiting, severe flatulence, lack of appetite or progressive weight loss.
The role of parents in shaping good nutrition habits in children
Authors:   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland, Zielińska Magdalena ,   Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland, Łuszczki Edyta ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland,   Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland, Dereń Katarzyna ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland,   Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland, Bartosiewicz Anna ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland,   Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
Published: October 2021

Introduction and aim of the study: Creating and strengthening correct eating habits in preschool and school age is a basic element of developing healthy lifestyle in children. The greatest role in this significant period for developing specific eating behaviours is played by parents who are not only responsible for providing healthy food, but also the right example to follow. The aim of the study was to analyse children’s eating habits and physical activity depending on body mass index, level of education, and type of their parents’ activities. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a randomly selected educational institution after obtaining the consent of the school’s headmaster. The participants of the study were children and their parents (N = 80; 52 girls and 28 boys) aged 6 to 13, residents of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Results: This study shows that mothers with a higher level of education are more likely than mothers with a lower level of education to have children with normal body weight or overweight (p = 0.026). More often, physical education classes were attended by children whose parents regularly take up physical activity, and the time spent by parents on physical activity during the week was a factor affecting their children’s participation in additional sports activities. The children of parents regularly taking up physical activity participated in them more often. Conclusions: Parents, through various processes and behaviours, instil in their children certain mechanisms which are important from the health perspective and can be helpful and contribute to the proper development of nutritional practices.
A UNIFIED APPROACH TO EXPONENTIAL STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR A GENERAL CLASS OF SWITCHED TIME-DELAY LINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Khoa Son Nguyen , Le Ngoc Van
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a unified approach to study global  exponential stability for  a class of switched time-delay linear  systems described by general linear functional differential equations. Several new delay-dependent criteria of exponential stability are established for this class of systems, under arbitrary switching which satisfies some assumptions on the minimum dwell time or the average dwell time. As particular cases, the obtained results are shown to include and improve many previously known results. An example is given to illustrate the proposed method.
Neoliberal Dönemde Beden Politikalarının Yeniden Yorumlanması
Authors: AYKUT Gözde
Published: October 2021

Sosyal bilimlerin önemli tartışma konularından biri bedendir. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde bedenin her dönem, bireyin ve toplumun tartışma konusunu oluşturduğunu görmek mümkündür. Klasik dönem sosyal bilimcileri olan Marx ve Weber bedeni kutsal ve profan ayrımı üzerinden değerlendirmiştir. Fakat çağdaş sosyal bilimcilerde tartışılan konu başka bir yöne evrilmiştir. Özellikle Foucault’un iktidar kavramı ile birlikte beden, klasik dönemde tartışılan konuların dışına çıkarak çeşitlenmiştir. Günümüzde bu tartışmaları neo-liberal özne perspektifinde yürüten isim ise Byung-Chul Han’dır. Han, özneyi bununla birlikte bedeni, Foucault’un biyo-politik süreçlerinden psiko-politik sürece taşımış ve konu ile ilgili önemli bir kapı aralamıştır. Günümüz neo-liberal öznesinin bir performans öznesi olduğunu ifade eden Han, bu öznenin çeşitli biçimlerde var oluş şekline değinmiştir. Öznenin kendini tanımlama şekillerinden biri olan beden, çeşitli varoluş mitlerine sahiptir. Bu mitlerin bir kısmı moda, spor, estetik cerahi vb. ile oluşturulmaya çalışılırken –ki bu bedenin iktidar boyutunu temsil eder- bir kısmı ise bedenin içinde yaşadığı kültürün bir ürünü olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte beden artık transhümaniz ve yapay zeka gibi çok daha tartışmalı konulara da dahil edilmeye başlanmış ve bedeninin geleceğine yönelik yeni söylemler üretilmiştir. Literatür çalışmasının bir sonucu olan makale, Han’ın özneyi ve bedeni biyopolitik evreden psikopolitik evreye taşıması noktasında önemlidir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular göstermektedir ki neo-liberal dönemde beden psikopolitik süreç ile birlikte yeni görünümler ve anlamlar kazanmıştır. Daha ziyade Han’ın görüşleri çerçevesinde yeniden yorumlanmaya çalışılan beden, bu yönüyle literatüre katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Dolayısıyla makalenin ana konusunu biyo-politik süreçten psiko-politik sürece evrilen insan bedeni oluşturmaktadır. Psiko-politik bedeni nihai noktaya getiren birden çok etmen vardır. Tıbbın acıyı meşrulaştırması ve değişimi hızlıca mümkün kılması bunun en büyük örneğidir. Tıpkı yaşlı ve genç bedenlerin kendilerine yaş sınırı belirleyememesi gibi. Tüm bunlar neo-liberal dönem öznenin, psiko-politikanın yetiştirdiği performans öznesini ve bu öznenin görünürlüğünü temsil eden bedeni yeniden tanımlamıştır.
As incertezas da pandemia: a experiência da covid-19 no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Weber Beatriz Teixeira
Published: October 2021

Resumo Apresenta o quadro de incertezas nas medidas adotadas no Rio Grande do Sul sobre o SARS-CoV-2 em 2020, ressaltando a importância da pesquisa das ciências humanas para a interpretação dos significados da pandemia.
A hybrid gene expression programming model for discharge prediction
Authors: Li Shicheng , Yang James
Published: October 2021

The head–discharge relationship of an overflow weir is a prerequisite for flow measurement. Conventionally, it is determined by regression methods. With machine learning techniques, data-driven modelling becomes an alternative. However, a standalone model may be inadequate to generate satisfactory results, particularly for a complex system. With the intention of improving the performance of standard gene expression programming (GEP), a hybrid evolutionary scheme is proposed, which is coupled with grey system theory and probabilistic technique. As a gene filter, grey relational analysis (GRA) eliminates noise and simulated annealing (SA) reduces overfitting by optimising the gene weights. The proposed GEP-based model was developed and validated using experimental data of a submerged pivot weir. Compared with standalone GEP, the GRA–GEP–SA model was found to generate more accurate results. Its coefficients of determination and correlation were improved by 3.6% and 1.7%, respectively. The root mean square error was lowered by 24.8%, which is significant. The number of datasets with an error of less than 10% and 20% was increased by 15% and 12%, respectively. The proposed approach outperforms classic genetic programming and shows a comparative error level with the empirical formula. The hybrid procedure also provides a reference for applications in other hydraulic issues.
Reseña libro: Dejarás a tu Padre y a tu Madre (Tu Quitteras ton Père et ta Mère). Autor: Philippe Julien
Authors: Quintero Gaviria Jaime Andrés
Published: October 2021

Reseña
El lugar de las emociones en la socialización familiar mediada por las TIC: una experiencia que transita entre la culpa, el miedo y la angustia en los padres y madres
Authors: Martínez Giraldo Claudia
Published: October 2021

Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de una investigación realizada entre los años 2015-2017 con niños y niñas de 4 a 6 años y sus familias de la ciudad de Manizales. El tema fue la socialización familiar mediada por las TIC en la primera infancia. Este artículo centra el interés en situar las emociones en los procesos de socialización familiar en interacción con las tecnologías. Metodología. Se recurrió al método hermenéutico como opción pertinente a la perspectiva epistemológica del interaccionismo simbólico, la cual fundamentó el estudio. Resultados. La socialización familiar mediada por las TIC activa la vivencia de las emociones y la manera como estas emergen y se movilizan en los adultos encargados de acompañar la crianza. Conclusiones. El miedo, la angustia y la culpa, en particular esta última, se presentan ancladas a un discurso hegemónico del cuidado familiar, feminizado y maternizado. De igual forma, presentan estrecha relación con el estilo educativo parental practicado.
Le dictionnaire comme remède contre la paresse lexicale
Authors: TAIFI Miloud
Published: October 2021

Nous nous penchons dans cet article sur ce qu’on peut appeler une faiblesse d’esprit que nous constatons chez les jeunes générations : « paresse lexicale » aboutissant à leur inhabilité, appauvrissement, sous-exploitation lexicale…
La première cause de cet état des choses se trouve dans le fait que le dictionnaire comme support pédagogique, est relégué au second plan par les nouvelles méthodes pédagogiques privilégiant par ailleurs l’expression orale eu détriment de l’écrit. Ce qui implique comme corollaire le déclassement du lexique au statut d’accessoire.
Après avoir critiqué également l’impact négatif du développement de la recherche linguistique sur l’apprentissage du vocabulaire, nous plaidons pour la réhabilitation du dictionnaire : il faut tenter de redonner le goût et l’amour des mots aux apprenants ! Nous suggérons quelques mesures pratiques, notamment l’élaboration d’auto-dictionnaires personnalisés, afin de revigorer l’engouement pour les mots chez les apprenants.
Au-delà du glossaire
Authors: SZITA Szilvia
Published: October 2021

Les manuels d’apprentissage de langues sont généralement accompagnés d'un glossaire proposant une sélection de mots et d’expressions contenus dans l’ouvrage. Ces index présentent l’avantage évident (et d’autant plus grand pour les niveaux débutants) par rapport aux dictionnaires généraux que leurs entrées rendent compte d’éléments linguistiques que l'apprenant a déjà rencontrés ou rencontrera en travaillant avec l'ouvrage.

Cet article présente un nouveau concept de glossaire et en propose une implémentation pour les apprenants du hongrois aux niveaux A1 et A2 du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECRL). Les glossaires, tirés des manuels MagyarOK A1+ et MagyarOK A2+, se distinguent des présentations traditionnelles. Au lieu de fournir une liste de mots sélectionnés de manière arbitraire et proposés avec leur traduction (éventuellement accompagnée d’un ou deux exemples), ils mettent spécifiquement l'accent sur les mots considérés comme « difficiles » par les apprenants. L'intérêt de cette approche est que l'apprenant reçoit non seulement une définition et une traduction du mot mais se voit également donner l'opportunité d'observer les usages typiques de ce mot dans une variété de contextes. Afin d'illustrer ce mode de présentation, nous avons choisi le mot jó (~ bon/bonne, bien), un adjectif dont les sens, multiples, dépendent fortement du contexte.
J. Huang’s "Grand contemporary chinese-french dictionary (2014)" and the story behind it
Authors: TIAN Bing , HUANG Jianhua , HUANG Fang
Published: October 2021

Le Grand Dictionnaire Chinois-Français Contemporain (GDCFC, for short), published in 2014, is the largest of its kind in China and contains a number of innovative features. It helps to learn a dictionary and its design features to know its editor and his academic career in the first place. This is especially true for GDCFC given that dictionary-making projects are in most cases chief-editor-oriented in China., GDCFC editor, Jianhua Huang, accumulated a rich experience in lexicographical practice and spent two decades exploring theoretical lexicography before he started compiling the dictionary. This paper first addresses Huang’s practice in dictionary- making, in translation and in the exploration of theoretical lexicography as a preparation for the GDCFC. Next, we move on to introduce the GDCFC itself. The study is carried out at two levels. At the macro structural level, the focus is on its coverage and headword selection, in comparison mainly to its sole source dictionary, A Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th edn, 2012). The microstructural level focuses on sense translation, illustrative examples of allocations and their translations, and grammatical and pragmatical labelling, when compared with A Chinese-English Dictionary (3rd ed., 2010), a well-established Chinese-English counterpart. Our study reveals that the GDCFC is lexicographically well-designed in all major respects, as manifested in its nine design features.
La métaphore dans les dictionnaires bilingues d’apprentissage :
Authors: WANG Xinxia , SHEN Xialing , GUO Jing
Published: October 2021

Sous l’angle de la cognition, la métaphore est non seulement un phénomène de langue, mais également un mécanisme cognitif fondamental dans notre compréhension du monde. Ainsi exerce-t-elle une influence considérable sur la lexicographie d’apprentissage, qui prête désormais un grand intérêt à la structure lexicale en tant que représentation de notre connaissance du monde.
D’un côté, les lexicographes ont intérêt à élaborer des stratégies pour traiter différentes informations dans un dictionnaire d’apprentissage de façon à ce que les apprenants puissent comprendre le processus métaphorique et percevoir les acceptations d’un mot comme un continuum. D’un autre côté, bien que la vision humaine du monde soit universelle, la métaphorisation peut varier d’une langue à l’autre. Dans les dictionnaires bilingues qui mettent deux langues-cultures en contact, une perspective contrastive axée sur l’exploration de la métaphore permet aux apprenants de mieux repérer tant les particularités linguistiques que les différences culturelles à l’œuvre.
Análise de dados em pesquisa qualitativa: aspectos relacionados a triangulação de resultados
Authors: SUTO CLEUMA SUELI SANTOS , Paiva Mirian Santos , Porcino Carle , Silva Dejeane de Oliveira , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Coelho Edméia Almeida Cardoso
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a sistematização da triangulação dos resultados, aportada nas Representações Sociais, por meio de instrumentos metodológicos. MÉTODO: Pesquisa metodológica que apresenta instrumentos utilizados no processo de triangulação dos resultados. O material empírico adveio de técnicas projetivas com análises estrutural e lexical por auxílio de softwares e entrevistas com uso da técnica de análise de discurso. Teve como temática a sexualidade e participação de 191 mulheres, de 18 a 75 anos, vivendo com HIV, realizada entre setembro e novembro de 2018. RESULTADOS: A análise foi sistematizada e conformou quadros sínteses. A interpretação dos resultados se deu por meio da identificação de núcleos de sentido para cada geração e seu compartilhamento, com a comparação dos resultados obtidos destacando as convergências da triangulação. CONCLUSÃO: A experiência metodológica revelou ser plausível sistematizar, de forma prática, instrumentos que auxiliem a análise, revelando possibilidades para a replicabilidade e o aprimoramento em pesquisas com abordagem qualitativa.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes neurológicos: estudo documental
Authors: Mayron Morais Soares Francisco , Batista Mesquita Kirley Kethellen , Eduarda Silva Praciano Teles Lana , Damasceno Pequeno Carlos Lucas , Magalhães Davi Santos , Freitas Julyana Gomes
Published: October 2021

OBJETIVO: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico e os diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes neurológicos. MÉTODO: Estudo documental realizado entre dezembro de 2017 e março de 2018, com 184 prontuários em um hospital terciário da região nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados mediante instrumento com perfil sociodemográfico e clínico e apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino e com diagnóstico médico de traumatismo cranioencefálico.  Foi observado um total de 25 títulos de diagnósticos de enfermagem, e os que mais prevaleceram foram glicemia instável, confusão aguda, queda, déficit do autocuidado, deambulação prejudicada e conforto prejudicado. Percebe-se a predominância dos diagnósticos de enfermagem para os pacientes neurológicos nos domínios de nutrição e autocuidado. CONCLUSÃO: Os diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados neste estudo podem contribuir para o incremento de indicadores sensíveis à prática de enfermagem e favorece a assistência direcionada as necessidades do paciente.
From Linearity to Rhizomatic Network: Content Organisation in Curriculum Development in Mathematics
Authors: Januario Gilberto , Lima Katia , Perovano Ana Paula
Published: October 2021

Background: The Mathematics curriculum expresses the control and power materialised in the teaching programmes through the presentation and approach of the contents and in the didactic and methodological guidelines. Objective: To explore references that guide the meanings of content organisation in the form of activities in curriculum development. Design: Discussion from the perspective of theoretical study anchored in the qualitative research approach. Settings and participants: Theoretical discussion that did not involve participants as research collaborators. Data collection and analysis: Critical reading and theories of the curriculum field and its implications for the proposals to educate through mathematics, considering curricula as operators of principles and practices. Results: The linear organisation operates the technical curriculum, leading to experiences of control and maintenance of the power that knowledge provides, while the organisation as a rhizomatic network provides the curriculum as a product of social demands, placing mathematics at the service of learning. Conclusions: The contradictions of principles and practices when mathematically educating indicate the relevance of studying and discussing curricula and how to organise the contents to create the conditions for the production of thought and criticism by Mathematics.
USING THE SeDeM-ODT METHOD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GK-2 TABLETS DISPERSED IN THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: Tishkov S. V. , Blynskaya E. V. , Alekseev K. V. , Buyeva V. V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The SeDeM-ODT method is a relatively new method based on expert judgment and pie charts, which reflect 15 main parameters of the suitability of a dosage form for direct compression and dispersibility in the oral cavity.

The purpose of the research presented in this article is to study the pharmaceutical substance (API) GK-2 (bis- (N-monosuccinyl-L-glutamyl-L-lysine)hexamethyleneamide) using the SeDeM-method, to determine the direction for the correction of technological properties using excipients and to develop using the presented methods of the composition of tablets GK-2, dispersible in the oral cavity.

Materials and methods. Preparation of tablets – manual hydraulic press PRG-50; method for determining flowability (GPM.1.4.2.0016.15, GP XIV, volume 2) – bulk density analyzer (ERWEKA SVM 221), GTB flowability tester (ERWEKA, Germany); crushing strength of tablets (GPM.1.4.1.0011.15, GP XIV, volume 2) – strength analyzer TBF 1000 CopleyScientific® (Great Britain); method for determining disintegration (GPM.1.4.2.0013.15, GP XIV edition, volume 2) – PTZ-S disintegration tester (Pharma Test, Germany); weight loss on drying (GPM.1.2.1.0010.15, GP XIV edition, volume 1) – moisture analyzer Sartorius MA-35 (Sartorius AG, Germany); determination of fractional composition – a vibrating sieve with pore sizes: 850, 600, 425, 300 and 250 microns, is used to determine the particle size distribution; tablet abrasion tester (GPM.1.4.2.0004.15, GP XIV edition, volume 2) – tablet abrasion tester PTF 30 ERA (Pharma Test, Germany); Optical microscopy (GPM.1.2.1.0009.15, GP XIV edition, volume I) – microscope Nicon, Eclipse E 200; digital camera Nicon Ds-Ri2. The data were processed using the SeDeM and SeDeM-ODT methods.

Results. Model formulations have been developed containing various types of co-process fillers and a sliding excipient, which have been studied using the main pharmaceutical-technological methods and optical microscopy. Based on the data obtained, SeDeM-ODT diagrams were constructed, in which the parameters were converted into “radii”, reflecting the degree of acceptability for each technological characteristic. In addition, the following factors were calculated from the pie charts: volumetric parameter, compressibility coefficient, flowability parameter, stability coefficient, dosage coefficient, dispersibility coefficient, as well as the index of good pressing, the parametric index and the parametric index of the profile.

Conclusion. As a result of the data obtained, the most optimal composition was selected that was acceptable for all the factors under consideration and had the highest values of the parametric index.
25 YEARS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE: RESULTS AND FURTHER PROSPECTS
Authors: Martselyak O.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the role of the Constitution of Ukraine in the state-building and law-making processes and to study the problem of necessity and directions of its improvement. The methodological basis of the work is a set of general and special scientific methods. It is based on the philosophical method of dialectics. Methods of recognition such as logic-semantic, system-structural, formal-legal, comparative-legal and other methods of recognition of processes and phenomena are used for the purpose of work. The article emphasizes that the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996 marked an important stage of the national state building, which legally defined the transformational transition of Ukraine from totalitarianism to democracy. It is noted that the Constitution of Ukraine, as a legal act of supreme legal force, has been the legal basis for the formation of Ukraine as a democratic, legal and social state and has become a political and legal document of a programme character, which directed Ukrainian society and public authorities to appropriate democratic reforms in the field of the state-building and law-making processes. It is noted that a number of political, social, economic and legal factors put on the agenda the issue of constitutional reform in our country, which should aim at achieving the European level of socio-economic development, modernization of the existing governance system, improvement of public authority and the legal status of citizens.
HISTORY OF NOTARIAL DISTRICTS FORMATION IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE
Authors: Zalotin V.
Published: October 2021

The article covers the history of the notarial districts formation in Ukraine. The subject matter of the study is the retrospective of notarial districts formation in Ukraine as well as the development of the grounded proposals for respective legislation improvement. The methodological basis of the study were general scientific (analysis, comparison and modelling) and special (formal and logical) methods of cognition. The notary territorial competence influence on the formation of notarial districts is considered. The author has proved that the notary territorial competence in the context of national legislation is understood as the basis for the notary districts formation. The research suggests the analysis of 4 stages of notary formation and development in Ukraine: early years of independence, establishment of the maximum number of notaries, the years of uncertainty and the current stage, characterized by changes due to administrative-territorial and digital reforms. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that during the early years of independence the legislation, considering the notary territorial competence, was poor, while state intervention into the process of notarial districts allocation was really high. The regulation of the maximum number of notaries and notarial quotas as the legal problem that does not meet today's challenges is revealed. Legislative drafts aiming at regulating the number of notaries and restricting such state intervention in notarial activity have been analysed. The present regulation of the notary territorial competence, as well as legislative updates, considering the administrative-territorial reforms in Ukraine, are studied. The attention is also paid to the administrative-territorial structure as a basis for the allocation of the notary territorial competence. The main concepts of forming the list of notarial districts by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine are outlined; moreover, their pros and cons are highlighted. The governmental plans to digitalize the state services in terms of launching electronic notaries for remote notarial acts are mentioned. The offer to improve the principles of notary districts system in order to increase the availability of notarial acts to the population is given (driven by the examples of regional notary districts in Kyiv and Sevastopol aiming at providing remote notarial acts). Taking into account the Constitutional provisions, the need to consolidate the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine authorities is justified in context of approving the list of notarial districts in the Law of Ukraine "On Notaries". Keywords: territorial competence of a notary, maximum number of notaries, administrative-territorial structure, administrative-territorial unit, quotas of notaries, availability of notarial acts
An economic evaluation of pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rumiantseva E. I. , Avxentyeva M. V.
Published: October 2021

Objective: to review clinical and economic studies on the pre-dialysis stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the cost-effectiveness of medical interventions used to detect CKD and prevent its progression.

Material and methods. Articles were collected from the bibliographic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and eLibrary for 2010–2020. Keywords for the search: ‘chronic kidney disease (CKD)’, ‘cost-effectiveness’, ‘economic evaluation’, ‘economic burden’, ‘cost’, ‘healthcare’. After the selection and elimination of the repeated articles, we reviewed 36 Russian and foreign studies on the economic burden of CKD and the clinical and economic effectiveness of various medical interventions of the CKD pre-dialysis stage.

Results. We found 21 studies on the economic burden of CKD. A significant part of them (n=6) was performed in the United States.The methodology for assessing the economic burden varied significantly from study to study. Studies on medical interventions at the CKD predialysis stage can be divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=9) – studies on the clinical and economic effectiveness of screening programs; Group 2 (n=3) – studies on the clinical and economic effectiveness of nephroprotectors and other drugs that slow down the course of CKD; and Group 3 (n=3) – studies on the clinical and economic effectiveness of multidisciplinary care. We concluded on the clinical and economic feasibility of most interventions that were used to detect CKD and prevent its progression.

Conclusion. We did not find any scientific data that could currently serve as a justification for the clinical and economic feasibility of CKD control programs in the Russian Federation. At the same time, studies conducted in foreign countries on the screening for CKD and some interventions aimed at slowing the progression of CKD suggest that in the Russian Federation, such approaches can be justified not only clinically, but also economically. It is necessary to conduct domestic research on the clinical and economic feasibility of interventions aimed at identifying and treating CKD at an early stage.
Immersion Index in the Internet Environment: Questionary Standardization
Authors: Regush L.A. , Alekseeva E.V. , Veretina O.R. , Orlova A.V. , Pezhemskaya J.S.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of standardization of the questionary "Immersion Index in the Internet environment", intended for the adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. The questionary was based on theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of "immersion in the Internet environment", which allowed us to build its theoretical model and suggest that this phenomenon can be described through digital competence, digital consumption and emotional attitude to the digital environment. The standardization was carried out in two stages, with the participation of a total of 1142 teenagers from St. Petersburg. The first version of the questionnaire, tested for convergent validity, was adjusted in accordance with the results obtained. At the second stage, the questionnaire underwent the procedures of factorization, determination of reliability (Cronbach's Alpha coefficient), testing distribution normality, and age norms. The article presents a standardized version of the questionnaire "Immersion Index in the Internet environment" and instructions for processing the results.
Attitude toward Nature in School and University Students from Megalopolis
Authors: Mukhortova E.A.
Published: October 2021

The problem of attitude to nature and especially to plants, despite a large number of works, remains still actual. This paper describes the study of gender and age aspects of the attitude towards nature among modern teenagers and youth living in a megapolis. An assumption was made that college students as compared with schoolchildren, as well as girls compared with boys, may have a more positive attitude to nature, and their connection with nature is stronger. The study used «Naturaphil» (S.D. Deryabo, V.A. Yаsvin) method and the questionnaire «People and plants» (S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, E.A. Mukhortova). 144 respondents were surveyed, 102 females and 42 males, including 72 collegestudents (Mage=20.56) and 72 eighth grade school students (Mage=14.0). The age- and gender-related characteristics are described of the attitude to nature, the structure of the attitude to nature and plants in teenagers and students is presented. The leading component in the structure of relations to nature in the entire sample is the perceptual-affective component; the less in intensity were the scales actional, practical, and cognitive. The results obtained indicate that in youth, the strength of connection with nature may appear higher than in adolescence. Certain gender differences were also established: the indicators of the questionnaire «People and plants» are significantly higher in the female group. Girls were characterized by a more positive attitude to the plant world: they obtained a higher overall score, as well as on the scales of Aesthetics, Connection with nature and Ecology.
Forensic medical determination of harm caused to human health in environmental crime cases
Authors: Kuznetsov Semyon V. , Molin Yuri A. , Melikhov Sergey Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article describes one of the most urgent needs of the investigation the development of a fundamentally new approach to the forensic medical assessment of harm to human health caused by environmental crimes. Th e special signifi cance of new approaches to establishing a causal relationship between a committed environmental off ense and harm to life and (or) health, including for distinguishing from other possible anthropogenic impacts, is shown. A practical example of expert assistance to the investigation in establishing the circumstances to be proved during the investigation of an environmental crime is given.
Mechanisms and triggers of adaptation to hypoxia
Authors: Lyubimov Andrey V. , Cherkashin Dmitriy V. , Efimov Semen V. , Alanichev Andrey E. , Ivanov Valeriy S. , Kutelev Gennadiy G.
Published: October 2021

It is believed that hypoxia-induced factor (HIF1) is the key mediator of oxygen metabolism. It was first identified as a transcription factor activated in cells and tissues by lowering the partial pressure of oxygen (O2). The HIF1 activator spectrum includes both external factors hypoxia, psycho-emotional stress and in ternal factors and varies from hormones to iron chelators. This review is dedicated to the molecular mechanisms of HIF1 activation, some of its natural activators HIF1, the potential for which is due to the low level of toxicity and the reduced likelihood of undesirable side effects. In turn, this opens up new options to treat diseases associated with local and general ischemia and hypoxia, the possibilities of their prophylactic use for researchers and clinicians in order to reduce the degree of damage in the event of an unforeseen condition of acute injurious to organs and tissues by hypoxia and reperfusion after it.
Pandemic Among the Amish: A Look at the Effects of COVID-19 on Amish Communities in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in the First Four Months
Authors: Harasta Joseph
Published: October 2021

March 2020 will be remembered as one of the most unusual months in living memory. When COVID-19 spread across the country, its reach and impact affected every region and every person in some way. The "new normal" forced much of the world to face a new reality of stay-at-home orders, food shortages, and rising death rates. Initially, the pandemic hit congested urban centers hardest, but the effects of the coronavirus were also felt among the rural Amish communities of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. This study offers a preliminary look at how the pandemic affected these communities, focusing on the following themes: sources of news and information; effects of government mandates; and impact of the virus on the day-to-day lives of the Amish during the first four months of the pandemic, from late March 2020 through late July 2020. Findings suggest that the Amish experienced a mix of fear and hope, skepticism and optimism, but also a resolve in their faith, which they felt assured would carry them through the uncertainties of the coming months.
Profound Encounters: The Love Feast and the Old German Baptist Brethren
Authors: Walsh Tony
Published: October 2021

The author uses an autoethnographic and narrative approach, based in a postpositivist research framework, to describe and explore the love feast as it is observed among the Old German Baptist Brethren. The "love feast occasion" constitutes a site of prime spiritual and communal significance for members of the group, who represent the largest Plain or Old Order expression of the Schwarzenau Brethren. The occasion, taking place over a full weekend of services, communal meals, informal time for fellowship and "Youngfolks" activities is hosted annually by each district or congregation (as well as being held at the group's Annual Meeting at Pentecost). Its essential feature is a lengthy service held on the Saturday evening that reenacts the central events of Jesus's last meal with his disciples in Jerusalem, prior to His betrayal and death. Discrete but interlinked elements of this highly ritualized service involve preparation, footwashing, a communal fellowship meal, an exchange of the holy kiss and sharing in the bread and wine of Communion. The deeply symbolic and highly ritualized event constitutes an occurrence in which members see themselves as renewing their connection with God, their mystical relationship with fellow members and with the central emphases of Brethren teaching.
Front Matter
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F. , Kraybill Donald B. , Louden Mark L. , Nolt Cynthia L. , Nolt Steven M. , Yoder Marcus A.
Published: October 2021

No abstract available.
Making the Links between Ride-hailing and Public Transit Ridership: Impacts in Medium and Large Colombian Cities
Authors: Scholl Lynn , Bedoya-Maya Felipe , Sabogal-Cardona Orlando , Oviedo Daniel
Published: October 2021

As transit ridership continues to fall in many cities across the globe, key policy debates continue around whether Uber and other ride-hailing services are contributing to this trend. This research explores the effects of the introduction of ride-hailing to Colombian cities on public transportation ridership using Ubers timeline as case study. We test the hypothesis that ride-hailing may either substitute or compete with public transit, particularly in cities with large transit service gaps in coverage or quality. Our analysis builds on historic transit ridership data from national authorities and uses a staggered difference-in-difference model that accounts for fixed effects, seasonality, socioeconomic controls, and the presence of integrated transport systems. Despite large reductions in transit ridership in most cities, our results suggest that Uber is not statistically associated with the observed drop in ridership. Moreover, consistent with evidence from previous research, public transit reforms implemented between 2007 and 2015 throughout Colombian cities appear to have contributed substantially to the declines in transit ridership observed across the country. Findings in this paper inform policy-targeted insights and contribute to current debates of the links between ride-hailing and public transit in cities in Latin America.
Research Insights: Can Education Protect Employment during Times of Economic Disruption?
Authors: Beuermann Diether , Bottan Nicolas L. , Hoffmann Bridget , Jackson C. Kirabo , Vera-Cossio Diego A.
Published: October 2021

Women with test scores above a secondary school admission threshold for preferred schools increase their years of education and entrance to university. Men increase neither years of schooling nor university attendance. Females with scores just above an admission threshold are significantly less likely to experience a job loss during the recession than those just below. Moreover, each year of education reduces the probability of job loss. The protective effects of education are related to workers attributes and not to job characteristics or access to childcare. Education, in and of itself, has a protective role during downturns.
Inter-American Development Bank Quarterly Business Review: Second Quarter 2021
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: October 2021

The Quarterly Business Review (QBR) provides an overview of the IDB's performance on sovereign-guaranteed outputs and lending program priorities. The QBR identifies trend deviations from IDB portfolio targets to support Bank management efforts to identify and implement corrective measures. This edition compiles data for the second quarter of 2021.