bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milky Way Dark Matter Distribution or MOND Test from Vertical Stellar Kinematics with Gaia DR3
Authors: López-Corredoira Martín
Published: December 2024

Vertical stellar kinematics+density can be used to trace the dark matter distribution (or the equivalent phantom mass in a Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) scenario) through the Jeans equations. In this paper, we want to improve this type of analysis by making use of the recent data of the 6D information from the Gaia DR3 survey in the anticenter and the Galactic poles to obtain the dynamical mass distribution near plane regions, including extended kinematics over a wide region of 8 kpc < R < 22 kpc, ∣z∣ < 3 kpc. Our conclusions are as follows: (i) the model of the spherical dark matter halos and the MOND model are compatible with the data; (ii) the model of the disky matter (with density proportional to the gas density) is excluded; (iii) the total lack of dark matter (there is only visible matter) within Newtonian gravity is compatible with the data; for instance, at solar Galactocentric radius, we obtained Σ = 39 ± 18 M
⊙ pc−2 for z = 1.05 kpc, compatible with the expected value for visible matter alone of 44 M
⊙ pc−2, thus allowing zero dark matter. Similarly, for R > R
⊙, z = 1.05 kpc, Σ = 28.7 ± 9.6, 23.0 ± 5.7, 16.9 ± 5.8, and 11.4 ± 6.6 M
⊙ pc−2, respectively, for R = 10, 13, 16, and 19 kpc, compatible with visible matter alone. Larger error bars in comparison with previous works are not due to worse data or a more awkward technique but to a stricter modeling of the stellar distribution.
Detecting Dark Objects with Plasma Microlensing by Their Gravitational Wakes
Authors: Delos M. Sten
Published: December 2024

A moving mass makes a gravitational wake in the partially ionized interstellar medium, which acts as a lens for radio-frequency light. Consequently, plasma microlensing could complement gravitational microlensing in the search for invisible massive objects, such as stellar remnants or compact dark matter. This work explores the spatial structure of the plasma lens associated with a gravitational wake. Far away from the moving mass, the characteristic lensing signal is the steady demagnification or magnification of a radio source as the wake passes in front of it at the speed of sound. Sources can be plasma-lensed at a much greater angular distance than they could be gravitationally lensed to the same degree by the same object. However, only the wakes of objects greatly exceeding stellar mass are expected to dominate over the random turbulence in the interstellar medium.
Reduction and Archiving of Multiwavelength, Polarized-intensity Debris-disk Observations with the Gemini Planet Imager
Authors: Crotts Katie A. , Esposito Thomas M. , Matthews Brenda C. , Duchêne Gaspard , Chen Christine H. , Hom Justin , Kalas Paul , Lewis Briley L. , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell , Padgett Deborah , Perrin Marshall , Ren Bin
Published: December 2024

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), an extreme adaptive optics instrument on Gemini South, has been pivotal in the advancement of the debris-disk field. Over the past decade, GPI has observed tens of debris disks at near-infrared wavelengths in both polarized and total intensity as a part of several direct-imaging surveys. Here we discuss the uniform reductions of the J-, H- and K1-band GPI observations, specifically in polarized intensity. This includes 24 debris-disk observations in the H band, 10 debris-disks observations in the J band and 11 disk observations in the K1 band. Additionally, all three reduced data sets have been archived on the digital platform, CANFAR, so that they are available for public use. The purpose of this work is to provide the necessary steps for one to carry out their own data reductions if desired, as well as to create a space where these uniformly reduced data are easily accessible for future analysis and research.
Cohérence versus Inférence : Notes sur la notion d’ expression chez Benedetto Croce et Robert Brandom
Authors: Ruta Marcello
Published: December 2024

Cet essai entend lire Benedetto Croce et Robert Brandom en parallèle, à travers la centralité de la notion d’expression dans l’esthétique de Croce et dans la sémantique de Brandom. Après une première section répondant à certaines objections préliminaires à cette opération herméneutique, l’analyse est développée en deux sections successives. Tout d’abord, les divergences et les convergences entre les deux auteurs concernant la pertinence épistémologique du concept d’expression sont identifiées. Dans les deux cas, l’accent est mis d’une part sur l’articulation comme caractéristique indispensable de l’expression et d’autre part sur la normativité qui distingue clairement l’acte expressif de la simple extrinsécation (« estrinsecazione »). Ensuite, l’accent est mis sur une caractéristique sociale et politique, explicitement non élitiste, des deux auteurs, en quoi réside aussi leur actualité. L’acte expressif, dans ses manifestations esthétiques (Croce) et conceptuelles (Brandom), met effectivement en lumière des structures affectives et cognitives qui, par cet acte seulement, deviennent l’héritage commun d’un sentiment et d’une pensée partagée.
On Roman balanced domination of graphs
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Junxia
Published: December 2024

Let $ G $ be a graph with vertex set $ V $. A function $ f $ : $ V\to \{-1, 0, 2\} $ is called a Roman balanced dominating function (RBDF) of $ G $ if $ \sum_{u\in N_G[v]}f(u) = 0 $ for each vertex $ v\in V $. The maximum (resp. minimum) Roman balanced domination number $ \gamma^{M}_{Rb}(G) $ (resp. $ \gamma^{m}_{Rb}(G) $) is the maximum (resp. minimum) value of $ \sum_{v\in V} f(v) $ among all Roman balanced dominating functions $ f $. A graph $ G $ is called $ Rd $-balanced if $ \gamma^{M}_{Rb}(G) = \gamma^{m}_{Rb}(G) = 0 $. In this paper, we obtain several upper and lower bounds on $ \gamma^{M}_{Rb}(G) $ and $ \gamma^{m}_{Rb}(G) $ and further determine several classes of $ Rd $-balanced graphs.
LLMs for Quantum-Aware Threat Detection and Incident Response
Authors: Albtosh Luay
Published: December 2024

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into cybersecurity offers significant potential for enhancing threat detection and incident response, particularly in the context of emerging quantum computing capabilities. As quantum computing threatens to undermine traditional cryptographic systems, there is a pressing need for quantum-aware cybersecurity measures. This chapter explores the application of LLMs in identifying and mitigating threats in a quantum-aware environment. It examines how LLMs can aid in detecting quantum-related vulnerabilities, analyzing quantum-aware attack vectors, and automating incident response protocols. Additionally, the chapter discusses the challenges of adapting LLMs to the quantum landscape, including the need for specialized training datasets and the consideration of quantum-resistant algorithms. Through case studies and theoretical models, this chapter provides a comprehensive view of how LLMs can be leveraged to strengthen cybersecurity in the era of quantum computing.
Nation-State Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Aleke Ngozi Tracy , Zziwa Ivan Livingstone , Opoku-Appiah Kwame
Published: December 2024

In the 21st century, there has been a great deal of importance ascribed to international security. A standard procedure used by adversarial states and non-state actors to propagate their continuous and calculated malicious objectives are cyber offenses such as cyber-espionage, hacktivism, cyberwar, as well as other cybercriminal activities (Hwang & Choi, 2021). Even though cyber-attacks were initially thought to be perpetrated by individuals or privately owned organizations, more and more attacks are being orchestrated by nation states, other states or even targeted towards individual organizations. Recent reports have shown that North Korea has an advance cyber warfare capacity, and a substantial number of its workforce is allegedly engaged in the activities of the dark web with a direct support from the government
Former Educators to Enhance Student Growth and Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Badugela Thivhavhudzi Muriel
Published: December 2024

This chapter outlines a comprehensive program that leverages the expertise of former educators to support current teachers and enhance student outcomes. By integrating mentoring, professional development, and resource-sharing, the program aims to address challenges such as technological advancements and diverse learning needs. It emphasises the importance of up-to-date knowledge, evidence-based practices, and inclusivity. The program seeks to create a collaborative, equitable, and innovative educational environment, ultimately improving the quality of education and fostering student growth.
Fostering Holistic Development
Authors: Ramaila Sam Mabune
Published: December 2024

This chapter delves into the essential responsibilities of educators in shaping the comprehensive growth of students. It examines how educators serve as catalysts for intellectual, emotional, and social development, going beyond conventional teaching roles to create an environment conducive to holistic learning. Through exploring effective pedagogical strategies, promoting socio-emotional learning, cultivating positive relationships, embracing diversity, and fostering a culture of lifelong learning, educators play a pivotal role in empowering students to reach their full potential. This chapter aims to provide insights and inspiration for educators to create inclusive learning environments and cultivate a legacy of excellence, equity, and empathy in education.
It Begins in Higher Education
Authors: Malone Jennifer
Published: December 2024

The attrition rate of first-year teachers leaving the classroom has increased significantly for a myriad of reasons. Higher education institutions must focus on preparing highly effective teachers, as they are instrumental in developing pre-service teachers. Educator preparation programs (EPPs) are tasked with providing pre-service teachers with the content knowledge, pedagogical practices, and classroom management techniques required to succeed in their first year. First-year success can lead to reduced attrition rates and increased retention rates. The K-12 community has a wealth of experienced teachers whose knowledge and expertise can support first-year teachers before they enter the classroom. By leveraging the expertise of experienced K–12 educators and administrators to fully understand, communicate, and measure the expectations of first-year teachers, we can potentially decrease the attrition rate and enhance the preparedness of new teachers. Establishing strong K-12 partnerships with EPPs to support pre-service teachers is one solution to this ongoing dilemma.
Guiding Light
Authors: Akhtar Jamil
Published: December 2024

This research analyzes educators' importance in forming students based on spiritual education. It involves understanding the development of spiritual education as well as its incorporation into educational systems together with the notable educators of spiritual education. Referring to best practices and approaches, it is possible to state that spiritual education contributes to the development of the learner's self-identity, moral and moral-vocational formation, academic achievement, and socialization outcomes. The study also avails responses to some implementation barriers regarding spiritual education and suggestions for future research and developmental works. Considering the analysis of selected cases and the use of qualitative research, this research focuses on the importance of spiritual education for students, as well as the need to incorporate it into the educational process to cultivate true human beings capable of meeting the challenges of the modern world.
Land and Property Registries
Authors: Bahinipati Shubha Dattatreya , Pattanayak Binod Kumar , Paul Rourab
Published: December 2024

This research chapter aims to identify the efforts blockchain can make in improving the land and property registries by overcoming the issues like fraud, corruption, ineffectiveness, and low transparency. The chapter highlights the three primary advantages of the blockchain: decentralization, smart contracts, and the generation of immutable records via block usage. This research proposes a framework for blockchain integration and discusses the key components of the integration process, including the system architecture, smart contract creation, legal compliance, and security aspects. This chapter has used examples of Georgia, Sweden, and India to show that blockchain is feasible and useful for the development of efficient and secure systems of land registries. The research indicates that blockchain has noteworthy prospects for augmenting the efficacy of land management, while also promoting accountability and safeguarding property rights. The success of the endeavor depends on the implementation of effective planning, coordination, and assessment strategies.
Strategic Development of Nanoemulsion Bases for Versatile Active Ingredient Incorporation
Authors: Thepwatee Sukanya , Pinket Anchalee , Rangauthok Sutthipong
Published: December 2024

Olive oil is widely used in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals, and oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions have gained attention in recent years due to their ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced efficacy. However, the high costs associated with advanced technologies hinder small enterprises from adopting these formulations, limiting global competitiveness. This study aims to develop olive oil-based nanoemulsions (ONEs) as versatile carriers for active ingredients in various industrial applications. The research focused on creating O/W nanoemulsions using the D-phase emulsification (DPE) method, known for its low-energy consumption and simplicity. The impact of surfactants, co-surfactants, glycerol, oil content, initial water addition, and stirring time on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) was studied. The optimized formulation with a single surfactant had a particle size of 10.03 ± 3.08 nm and a PDI of 0.343 ± 0.024, while the use of co-surfactants resulted in a particle size of 200.13 ± 3.03 nm and a PDI of 0.145 ± 0.000. The co-surfactant formulation demonstrated stability at 35°C over 4 months. Furthermore, retinol was incorporated into the optimized nanoemulsion, and the physical properties were compared to those of the base formulation. The particle size and PDI remained similar, suggesting that the formulation is robust enough for active ingredient incorporation. This research provides a foundation for future formulation efforts, offering a cost-effective and efficient approach for industrial applications.
Study of the Factors on Controlling Cured Layer Thickness in DLP 3D Printing
Authors: Shin Chow Shing , Lu Chien Yi , Lin Chih Lang
Published: December 2024

Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a digital light projector to cure photopolymer resin layer-by-layer to create high-precision solid structures. In addition to the planar resolution, the control of curing depth has a critical impact on the success of precise printing and the geometric features of the printed product. This issue is aggravated in the case of projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL), which uses an objective lens to enhance the planar resolution of the projected pattern. In this study, we investigated possible measures to control the cured layer thickness from both material and optical perspectives. As-received commercial resin was used to obtain the raw cured layer thickness, and then Sudan I or carbon black was added separately to study their effects. Eventually, the grayscale of the exposed pattern was adjusted to reduce light intensity and achieve a thinner layer thickness. Combining the above measures reduced the single-layer cured thickness from the raw 250 μm to 5.8 μm, approaching the usual minimum layer dimension setting of 5 μm. By exploring the variables affecting cured layer thickness, the findings in this study are expected to improve DLP 3D printing technology in producing high-resolution structures, especially in the z-direction.
Experimental Analysis of a Single Slope Solar Still with a Solar Pond
Authors: Kumar M. Muthu , Rajesh S. , Gnanaraj S. Joe Patrick
Published: December 2024

A solar basin still with the cross - section of 100 cm × 100 cm and an inclination of 11o was fabricated and experimented at St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India, at (11.9310° N, 79.7852° E). In order to accelerate heat transfer the surface was painted dark black, the basin was provided with fins and a reflecting mirror was placed at the base surface. In addition, a solar-powered pond with a top surface area measuring 90 cm x 90 cm and a base surface area measuring 30 cm x 30 cm, equipped with fins at its base and the top of the pond is affixed with reflecting mirrors for storing more heat intensity inside the solar pond. The pond was sectioned into three layers based on the rate of heat transfer: Upper converting layer (UCL), Middle converting layer (MCL), and Lower converting layer (LCL). The primary investigation was carried out on January, February, and March 2023 and the readings were noted for eight hours a day on a regular basis. The lower converting layer experienced the high radiation strike of the sun during the day yielding the optimal output. This paper discusses the results of the experiments conducted on the solar still with a single basin that was connected to a solar-powered sectioned pond.
Performance and Combustion Characteristics Analyses of Mustered Seed Oil B60 with Different Compression Ratio
Authors: Naresh V. , Senthil Kumar Kandasamy , Nafeena Abdul Munaf
Published: December 2024

To perform a comparative study of the performance combustion and emission characteristics of pure diesel and mustered blends, a single-cylinder stationary Kirloskar TV1 Engine.xls engine was used. The ratio of mustered oil blends to diesel was 60%. The mustered blend was selected appropriately and the compression ratio was optimized for this study. From this report it is proven that the most favorable of mustered and diesel blends is 60% of mustered and 40% of diesel with compression ratio 14:1,15:1,16:1 & 17.5:1.In comparison, the release of CO was reduced; however, there was a moderate increase in the release of NOx. Therefore, with only a slight alteration in the present diesel engines, the algae blend can be used.
Numerical Analysis of the Spread of Solar Radiation Flux across Multiple Walls for a Living Area in Adrar Region
Authors: Oudrane Abdellatif , Aour Benaoumeur , Damba Nadhir , Hamouda Messaoud , Belarbi Rafik
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the amount of solar radiation flux incident on the walls of a simple residential house located in an arid desert area. To this end, a preliminary model of the sun’s path throughout the whole day was made. A numerical code in the FORTRAN language was also developed. This code is based on numerical models to calculate all the astronomical quantities necessary to determine the values of the solar radiation flux mentioned above. After comparing and analyzing of the results obtained from this numerical code, it was found that the percentage of agreement between the calculated values and the values measured by the Renewable Energy Research Unit in Saharan Medium (URERMS) is very satisfactory. The error rate does not exceed 4% for the average outdoor temperature and the average global solar radiation flux for the selected typical day.
Longitudinal Profile and Geomorphological Processes of the Oued Qarya in Relation to Lithology and Tectonics (Morocco)
Authors: Achiban Hamid , Achiban Hassan , Taous Ali , Serbouti Safaa , Mansouri Ismail , Afenzar Miloud
Published: December 2024

Oued Qarya is a left-bank tributary of Oued Zloul (Sebou basin). Its basin drains an area of 323 km2 from the northwestern slope of the Middle Atlas, folded in the province of Sefrou. These are heterogeneous geological terrains of the Lower and Middle Jurassic, dominated by the carbonate rocks of Lias (the mountain of the folded Middle Atlas). In a mountain area with relatively steep slopes, the organization of the hydrographic network and its hydrodynamic functioning are largely influenced by the inclination of the geological formations, the lithology of the terrain, and a dense network of tectonic accidents from the Alpine orogeny, some of which were reactivated during the Quaternary. This study presents the results of the analysis of the morphometry of the main watercourse, the concavity, and the slope breaks of the longitudinal profile of the Oued Qarya. It is essentially based on the determination of their morphometric characteristics, in particular the asymmetry factor (AF), the topographic asymmetry index (TTSI), as well as the concavity indices (IC) and (Er), the slope index (SL), and the index of the slope gradient (k). The results obtained highlight the relationship between the values of these indices and the arrangement of geological formations, the lithology of the terrain, and the influence of tectonics on the longitudinal profiles. The watercourse tends to deviate in the direction of the inclination of the geological formations. In addition, the concavity of the profile is stronger on less resistant geological formations (marl), compared to the sections developed on hard geological formations of limestone and liasic dolomites. In addition, the longitudinal slope of the profiles is generally accentuated on resistant soils, while the passage by ruptures coincides with more or less marked breaks in slopes.
Diagnostic challenge in a case of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm; a rare entity
Authors: Sooriyakumar T. , Natkunam Y. , Selvaratnam G.
Published: December 2024

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, clinically aggressive haematological malignancy. Though the criteria for diagnosis is well defined by a set of characteristic features including clinical presentation, morphology and immunophenotype, the rarity of the disease, lack of awareness, heterogenous initial clinical presentation and lack of recurrent specific chromosomal abnormalities, make early diagnosis difficult. A high index of suspicion in appropriate cases is useful in arriving at the correct diagnosis. In young patients, intensive chemotherapy followed by consolidation with allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered the most effective treatment strategy. Recently, targeted therapies have shown promising results.
Injury Risk Factors Related to Sport Specialization in High School Basketball: A Prospective Study
Authors: Post Eric G. , Rivera Matthew J. , Robison Hannah J. , Rauh Mitchell J. , McGuine Timothy A. , Simon Janet E.
Published: December 2024

Context

Research that has examined the association between specialization and injury in basketball has been limited to cross-sectional or retrospective studies.

Objective

To determine whether specialization is a risk factor for injury among high school basketball athletes.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Basketball players from 12 high schools participating in the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATION-SP) were recruited before the 2022–2023 interscholastic basketball season.

Patients or Other Participants

One-hundred thirty athletes (mean age ± SD = 15.6 ± 1.3; girls’ basketball: n = 68 [52.3%]).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Before the start of the school basketball season, participants completed a questionnaire that had questions regarding participation in various specialized sport behaviors. During the basketball season, the school’s athletic trainer reported all athlete-exposures and injuries (regardless of time loss) for participating athletes into NATION-SP. Injury incidence and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for the specialized sport behaviors previously described.

Results

No difference in injury risk between highly specialized and low specialized athletes was found (IRR [95% CI] = 1.9 [0.9, 3.7]). Players who participated in basketball year round were twice as likely to sustain an injury than those who did not play year round (IRR [95% CI] = 2.1 [1.1, 3.6]). Similarly, players who reported participating in basketball skills camps were at increased risk of injury compared with athletes who did not participate in basketball skill camps (IRR [95% CI] = 2.5 [1.2, 5.7]).

Conclusions

Injury risk related to sport specialization in basketball may be specific to certain behaviors such as year-round play and participation in skills camps. Validated measures of comprehensive sport activity are needed to better measure specialization in youth sports to better determine injury risk related to sport specialization and develop injury prevention programs for basketball athletes.
Community-based Alcohol De-addiction Camp: Participant’s Characteristics and Alcohol Use Pattern
Authors: PC Pradeep Kumar , Sadashiv Megha , M Kishor , Princy PJ , Pandey Manoj K
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

The prevalence of alcohol use in India is ranged from 3.8% to 65.8%. One in every five alcohol users needs treatment. Lack of knowledge about the ill effects of alcohol and an 83% of treatment gap increase the risk. Among many available strategies, community-based alcohol de-addiction camps (ADCs) can offer support to alcohol users. This study aims to assess the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and alcohol use patterns in alcohol users attending an ADC.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at ADC in September 2022. Data from 58 participants were collected using a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet and the alcohol use disorder identification test.

Results:

The majority of participants voluntarily attended the camp and were aged between 25 and 45 years (67.2%). Most were married (79.3%), had completed secondary education (34.5%), worked as farmers (36.3%), and had a monthly income of INR 6000–18,000 (56.9%). Regarding alcohol use patterns, the majority were daily users (84.5%) for over 5 years (51.7%) and had severe alcohol dependence (86.2%). More than half of the participants had a previous attempt to quit (58.6%) and cited family (51.72%) as a primary reason, followed by health and social respect (48.24%) to quit alcohol.

Conclusions:

Men aged <45 years with severe alcohol dependence and with previous attempts to quit are likely to utilize the ADC. ADCs may be employed more frequently to effectively address alcohol problems in India.
A Comparison Study of Masturbating and Non masturbating Female and their Marital and Sexual Satisfaction in India
Authors: Vikhram Ramasubramanian R. , Veerabalajikumar
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

Sexual and marital well-being is a crucial aspect of overall happiness and fulfillment in our lives. Masturbation, on the other hand, refers to the act of self-stimulation for sexual pleasure. This study aims to find the level of marital and sexual satisfaction of the females who are masturbating and who are not masturbating. The objectives are to measure the level of marital and sexual satisfaction of women and to understand the selected sociodemographic conditions and to find out significant mean differences in subgroups (based on sociodemographic details) and masturbation with regard to marital and sexual satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative study was conducted. Through simple random sampling, 120 females who were married and who can understand English were selected for the study, 60 were masturbates, and 60 were non-masturbates. The study was conducted from February 2022 to March 2023. Twenty items the new sexual satisfaction scale and 15 items the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale, and a semi-structured interview schedule was administered. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Services software, Version 26.0. The correlation was calculated for the variables. A simple percentage analysis was used. The Pearson correlation method was used to find the relationship between the variables. A one-way ANOVA was employed to find out the significant mean difference between the demographic variables with a 95% confidence level, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The result indicates that nonmasturbators have a higher mean value in both marital and sexual satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Nonmasturbators have higher mean value in both marital and sexual satisfaction. This study helps to create the awareness and promote masturbation, marital, and sexual satisfaction among school children.
Chandipura virus: The 2024 resurgence and Gujarat outbreak
Authors: Debnath Rabin , Chawla Pooja A
Published: December 2024

Originally discovered in 1965 in Maharashtra, India, the Chandipura virus has become a serious hazard to public health, especially in rural areas. Acute encephalitis syndrome, which mostly affects children and has a high death rate, has been associated with Chandipura virus, an arbovirus largely spread by sandflies (Phlebotomus spp.). The virus was first thought to be a benign infection, but after many fatal outbreaks, most notably in Gujarat (2005 and 2024) and Andhra Pradesh (2003), it has come to light. The aggressiveness of the virus is highlighted by the quick development from fever to severe neurological symptoms, such as seizures and coma. Public health initiatives concentrate on vector management and supportive care because there is no particular antiviral medication or vaccine available. Recently, Gujrat has witnessed the biggest outbreak of Chandipura virus in 2024 and it may become a big health concern. This paper discusses about Chandipura virus and its recent cases. The virus’s propagation, which is made worse by climate change, makes future outbreaks of the virus more likely. The epidemiology, transmission, and clinical consequences of Chandipura virus are highlighted in this review, along with the necessity of more research, monitoring, and public health readiness to lessen its effects.
Comparative Evaluation of Blockbuster™ and Fastrach™ Laryngeal Mask Airway for Endotracheal Intubation: A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Kumar Arun , Anand Lakesh , Singh Manpreet , Kapoor Dheeraj , Singh Jasveer
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

The introduction of supraglottic airway devices (SADs) resulted in a paradigm shift in airway management. Fastrach™ intubating laryngeal mask airway (FT-LMA) is a SAD designed for blind endotracheal intubation. Blockbuster™ airway (BB) is a novel device intended for the same purpose and this study aims at comparing its efficacy with the FT-LMA. The aim was to compare success rates of endotracheal intubation, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), fibreoptic grading of the laryngeal view, haemodynamic parameters and postoperative complications through BB and FT-LMA.

Methods:

One hundred consenting patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each in a prospective randomised study. After induction, assigned SAD was inserted to obtain adequate ventilation. OLP and laryngeal grades were then noted. We then attempted blind intubation through the SAD with maximum of two attempts and the SAD was removed. Success at first attempt, time for tracheal intubation and effect on haemodynamic were noted.

Results:

Demographic data were comparable amongst the two groups. Both BB and FT-LMA were successfully placed within two attempts. The success rate of blind intubation was 100% in BB and 97% in FT-LMA. The OLP of BB was 28.3 versus 24.4 cm H2O in FT-LMA (P < 0.01). BB required less intubation time, lesser haemodynamic response and better OLP as compared between groups. However, the time taken for insertion of SAD, OLP and time taken for removal of SAD was significantly less with the BB. The fibreoptic grading was similar in both groups. Although the trachea was intubated through the device in all the patients (100%) in group BB, three patients (6%) were intubated in the second attempt in group FT-LMA with a first-attempt success rate of 94%. However, this difference is statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

BB had higher OLP and is a better conduit for endotracheal intubation due to its quick insertion time and better haemodynamic in comparison with FT-LMA.
A Rare Case of Arytenoid Cyst Managed Using a Hybrid Technique of Fiberoptic Bronchoscope and Direct Laryngoscope
Authors: Moon Jidnyasa , Manikanta Goda Venkata , Yadav Nikhil , Bhandari Dhiraj , Fulzele Mrinalini , Tidke Sucheta
Published: December 2024

Anaesthesiologists are confronted with a serious challenge in patients with supraglottic cysts obstructing the airway passage. Conventionally, pre-operative tracheostomy has been used to treat upper airway obstruction caused by tumour in the supraglottic region. However, tracheostomy can potentially have an impact on long-term outcomes. We report a case of a 42-year-old male with an arytenoid cyst for microlaryngeal surgery. Here, the airway was secured using a flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope along with direct laryngoscopy to visualise the passage of the fibreoptic bronchoscope and endotracheal tube. Haemodynamics were stable throughout the procedure. This case exemplifies the potential of securing the airway passage without performing a pre-operative tracheostomy, resulting in a satisfactory outcome and a brief hospital stay.
Hybrid Intubation in a Case of Flail Mandible
Authors: Pramod P. , Dave Sona , Mali Ashish , Ramchandani Pooja
Published: December 2024

Airway management in a patient with a displaced mandibular fracture remains a challenging task for anaesthesiologists due to distorted anatomy, managing shared airways and choosing appropriate airway management techniques preoperatively. This case report emphasises the importance of using the hybrid technique with a fibreoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and video laryngoscope (VL) for nasal intubation in such a challenging situation.
Interconnection of Pain Management and Emergency Medical Service Personal in the Prehospital Settings
Authors: Shariff Ehtesham Ahmed , Azharuddin Ahmed , Baoud Ali Mohammed , Muyini Mohsen Yahay , Almaghrapy Amal Ali , Alghadeer Sultan Mohammed
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Acute pain is considered one of the common reasons for finding emergency medical services (EMSs) in emergency centers and prehospital settings where pain pervasiveness ranges widely. Pain is an important global health issue that is often is undermanaged and unobserved.

PURPOSE:

This research aims to identify the interconnection of EMS personnel and pain management in the settings of prehospital care in the context of Saudi Arabia.

RESEARCH METHODS:

Owing to its accessibility and practicality, a cross-section research approach conducted between September 1st till the end of November 2023 was conducted among EMS providers in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistical analysis was utilized.

ANALYSIS:

Most of the respondents among 203 participants are sincere about pain management. Fifty-nine percent of respondents were aware of the process of pain assessment. Sixty-one percent of participants claimed acquaintance with tools used for the management of pain in their prehospital care. This reveals a relatively higher sincerity regarding the existing tools for analyzing the pain levels. An overwhelming 82% of participants acknowledged that vital signs are one of the important dependable indicators of the patient’s pain. This indicates a strong dependence on physiological measures, positively overlooking the “subjective nature” of pain. Most respondents emphasized improving protocol for pain management.

CONCLUSION:

The outcomes underscore the significance of training programs and ongoing education to enhance the skills and knowledge of the EMS workforce in managing and assessing pain, ensuring appropriate optimal care for every patient in any kind of emergency. The findings of this research provide a strong and detailed insight into the importance of EMS personnel and pain management in Saudi Arabia’s prehospital settings.
Current concept on pediatric low-grade glioma in the era of molecular diagnosis
Authors: Peng Tzu-Chiang , Wang Ching-Ying , Lee Yi-Yen
Published: December 2024

Central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumors and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among pediatric patients. Despite recent advances in surgical technique, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, it disappointedly relates to significantly profound morbidity compared to other cancers. The current therapeutic strategy leads to a high incidence of adverse effects. Pediatric brain tumor survivors have a higher risk of neurocognitive decline and endocrine, neurological, and social domain impairment than the age-matched group. A recent study has made a meaningful progress in the field of genetics and shed light on the broad molecular heterogeneity of pediatric brain tumors. This insight has impacted the current clinical practice and opened an avenue to potential therapeutic choice. Here, we reviewed the progress in the understanding of pediatric low-grade glioma and emerging target therapy.
Reviews of spinal muscular atrophy in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Yung-Hsiu , Lin Wei-Sheng , Niu Dau-Ming , Hsu Ting-Rong
Published: December 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the rare life-threatening hereditary autosomal recessive disorders. SMA is caused by the absence of a fully functional motor neuron protein gene that produces the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. The SMN protein is encoded by two SMN genes: SMN1, which is the SMA-determining gene, and SMN2, which copies the severity modifier. With the advancement of medicine, the Food and Drug Administration has approved three disease-modifying therapies that could now be reimbursed with limited conditions in Taiwan. The SMA screening program was started in 2016 and 2017 in three newborn screening centers in Taiwan; consequently, patients with SMA were diagnosed and treated earlier. This study reviewed the new therapies for SMA, the newborn screening experience, the treatment history and criteria in Taiwan, and the problems encountered. More work is still needed to increase the rate of SMA screening and to possibly provide earlier treatment.
The Ninth Annual Academic International Medicine Virtual Congress and Scientific Forum, June 20–22, 2024: Meeting Report and Scientific Abstracts
Authors: Stawicki Stanislaw P. , Barrera Rafael , Christopherson Nathan , Narayan Mayur , Izurieta Ricardo , Galwankar Sagar C. , Moreno-Walton Lisa , Wojda Thomas R. , Patel Vihas M.
Published: December 2024

The Ninth Academic International Medicine Congress (AIM 2024) took place at the Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health in Manhattan, New York. The meeting featured 3 days packed with high quality continuing medical education content, leadership development sessions, and scientific abstracts. The main program featured more than 40 speakers and panelists from around the world, and offered nearly 20 hours of continuing medical education credits. The scientific program included numerous abstracts and interesting case presentations. The AIM 2024’s two main Social Networking Events and the Annual Awards Ceremony were the most attended attractions. This report includes a summary of key events and sessions from the AIM 2024 Congress, inclusive of published abstracts from the meeting.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Interpersonal and communication skills, Professionalism, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems based practice.
Insights into newborn health; Integrating anthropometric measurements and immunization status at community health center deliveries in rural India: An observational study
Authors: Khan Ayub , Shankar Hari , Dua Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Newborn health is crucial for long-term well-being and development, especially in rural India, where healthcare access is limited. This study integrates anthropometric measurements and immunization status during community health center delivery. Integrating these metrics is essential as it helps identify early growth issues and ensures timely vaccinations, which are vital for preventing malnutrition and vaccine-preventable diseases in a setting where healthcare resources are scarce, and follow-up care is often challenging.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is based on baseline data of a larger prospective follow-up study conducted from November 2022 to February 2024 in rural areas of North India, including newborns delivered through cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire including weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, and mid-arm circumference of the newborns.

Results:

The study included 150 newborns, with the mean age of mothers and fathers being 25.27 ± 2.81 years and 29.01 ± 3.76 years, respectively. Immunization coverage was high for hepatitis B (Hep-B) (99.3%) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) (99.3%) but lower for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) (74.7%). Strong correlations were found among the five anthropometric measurements, indicating consistent growth patterns.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the demographic characteristics and immunization coverage among newborns in rural India. Despite high coverage for Hep-B and OPV, the lower uptake of the BCG vaccine indicates gaps in immunization outreach. The strong correlations among anthropometric measurements suggest consistent growth patterns, reinforcing the need for integrating such assessments into routine care to monitor and support healthy development.
Hamstring, Bone-patellar Tendon-bone, Quadriceps, and Peroneus Longus Tendon Autografts for Primary Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sagala Dhaval H.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) involves surgically restoring the injured ACL through the placement of graft material. The selection of graft material plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal knee stability postsurgery. Using autografts of the hamstring, bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTP), quadriceps, and peroneus longus tendon (PLT), the current systematic study aimed to assess the clinical and functional results of patients undergoing ACLR.

Methods:

Literature search exploration was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, supplemented by additional resources such as Google Scholar and clinical trials.gov, spanning from 2014 to 2024. The two-part tool was employed to analyze five distinct domains. For evaluation of the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies, a quality assessment tool was implemented.

Results:

Seventeen studies were incorporated. Most studies indicated considerable enhancements in clinical function, postsurgical knee stability, and osteoarthritis alterations. Nonetheless, these autografts present a reduced risk of certain complications including anterior knee pain, discomfort during kneeling, and extension loss. The assessment of risks in the study revealed that 50% were categorized as having a low risk, whereas 32% had an unclear risk and 18% of cases were classified as not applicable.

Conclusion:

The present systematic review highlights the survival rates and joint stability across various graft options including BPTP, hamstring, quadricep, and especially PLT. These autografts are safe, reliable, and versatile choices deserving of attention in forthcoming ACL reconstruction investigations.
Bilateral Asymmetrical Hip Dislocation in a 70-year-old Female: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Suresh T. V. , Naveen D. , Harish K. , Daddimani Ravi M.
Published: December 2024

Traumatic dislocation of the hip joint is a rare injury representing 2%–5% of all dislocations while bilateral hip dislocation accounts for 1.25% of all hip dislocations. Asymmetrical hip dislocations are even rarer accounting for approximately 0.01%–0.02% of all hip joint dislocations. We are reporting a case of bilateral asymmetrical hip dislocations with left-sided posterior dislocation and right anterior dislocation in a 70-year-old female following a road traffic accident. It is pertinent to thoroughly evaluate the patient on the Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines. After evaluation, it is vital to reduce hip dislocation within 6 h from the time of injury to prevent complications like avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Relevant anatomy, injury mechanism, classification, diagnosis, associated injuries, treatment, and complications have also been discussed.
Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Iraqi Pediatric Population: A Single Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Munib Ahmed , Abdullah Wasnaa Hadi , Kareem Khalid Hatem
Published: December 2024

Background:

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is an inappropriate insulin secretion by the pancreatic cells. When medical therapies are ineffective, surgical treatment is required.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics of CHI patients and assess the associated factors that may affect their response to treatment.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study including all patients diagnosed with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia who were registered at the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Patients’ data were collected including birth weight, age at presentation, and consanguinity between parents. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of hyperinsulinism after performing a critical sample. The data of these investigations were collected in addition to the type of medical treatment they received and those who had finally undergone pancreatectomy.

Results:

Among the 44 patients in the study, 38 (86.4%) presented in the first year of life. Of these, 22 (57.9%) were responsive to diazoxide. In addition, 13 (34.2%) of those presenting in the first year required pancreatectomy. Among the remaining six patients who presented after the first year of life, three (50%) responded to diazoxide, while two (33.3%) required pancreatectomy. Patients who did not respond to diazoxide had higher mean insulin and age at presentation with 19.58 ± 17.28 µU/ml and 9.73 ± 28.23 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

While genetic study remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of CHI, clinical characteristics of patients can be the only helpful way to predict further management in countries with limited resources.
Changes in the Level of Vitamin D3 and Calcium in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mahal Mohammed Hameed , Al Samarrai Ali Rasheed Hameed , Thamer Huda Abed , Al Samarrai Othman Rashid , Shihab Eman Abdulhadi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health issue that is linked to a variety of anomalies in biology and hematology, resulting in increased mortalities and morbidity.

Objectives:

Aim of this study was to estimate the vitamin D3 and calcium with other parameters in people with CKD.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty male patients and 40 healthy men were included, and the age of the participants in this study ranged from 40 to 50 years old. Samples were collected during the period from November 2022 to December 2022.

Results:

The result showed a significant decrease in vitamin D3 and calcium in patients group 16.99 ± 3.84 ng/mL and 6.23 ± 0.39 mg/dL, respectively, compared with healthy group 35.50 ± 5.93 ng/mL and 9.46 ± 0.58 mg/dL, respectively, a significant rise in the urea, creatinine and uric acid levels in patients 223.90 ± 46.40 mg/dL, 12.01 ± 2.01 mg/dL, and 9.34 ± 0.90 mg/dL, respectively, compared with healthy group 25 ± 5.75 mg/dL, 0.67 ± 0.22 mg/dL, and 4.72 ± 0.85 mg/dL, respectively.

Conclusions:

Results showed reduced concentrations of vitamin D3 and calcium, and elevated in concentrations of urea, creatinine, and uric acid in patients.