bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen Delivery to Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) Via Hydroxyapatite Microspheres
Authors: KIRBIYIK Binnaz , MAZMANCI Birgül , YARLILAR Şeyma Gülnaz , UĞUR Naz , OCAKOĞLU Kasım
Published: December 2022

Drug delivery systems have been used in cancer treatment to increase drug effectiveness. The hydroxyapatite (HAP) based materials used in this area can provide drug transport to the target site without its deterioration. In this study, porous hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres (PHHMs) were produced by using the hydrothermal method. Tamoxifen (TAM) used in the treatment of breast cancer has been covalently attached to the produced microspheres. The obtained microsphere structures (tamoxifen-loaded hydroxyapatite, TAM/H) were successfully characterized by ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, and DLS methods. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used to examine the effect of the hybrid structure. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TAM/H was compared with the TAM groups on MCF-7. Our results have showed that, the decrease in cell viability at 24 and 36 hours were still continued at 48 hours only in TAM/H groups. In addition, TAM/H was found to show a genotoxic affect by the increment in genetic damage index (GDI) and damaged cell percentage (DCP%). As a result, use of hydroxyapatite was suitable for the transport of TAM and that covalent binding was suitable for drug particle interaction with hybrid structure and thus controlled drug release occurred.
Effects of different nitrogen sources on invertase production by Aspergillus niger
Authors: CANLI TAŞAR Özden , TAŞAR Gani Erhan
Published: December 2022

Investigation various nitrogen sources effects on the production of invertase by Aspergillus niger was researched in this study. Invertase is a precious enzyme used in many industries like food, pharmacy, confectionery, invert syrup production. Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) was preferred to optimize the cultivation conditions. L16 (43) orthogonal array was selected in the current study including nitrogen source, initial pH of the medium and incubation time at four levels for statistical optimization. The data showed that optimized version of invertase production was achieved using proteose peptone, 5.5 initial pH and 3 days for incubation time. Bacto peptone had higher enzyme activity than casein and yeast extract. pH of the medium was found as the most efficient factor among nitrogen source and incubation time. Besides, percentage contribution of the nitrogen source and incubation time were indicated at similar rates (9 and 10%, respectively). The highest enzyme activity was defined as 45.87 U/ml, which was found to be closer to the predicted result (46.33 U/ml). As a conclusion, proteose peptone increased the invertase activity and use of Taguchi DOE supported quick and effective optimization.
Revisiting early online learning experiences amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Benefits, barriers, and impact on pharmacy student learning outcomes
Authors: Rahem Abdul , Syahrir Ach , Ismail Hasan , Hermansyah Andi
Published: December 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) imposed dramatic changes on pharmacy education. On-campus educational activities were suspended and transformed into online learning. Several studies reported experiences with online learning, yet few evaluated overall student acceptance and achievement of online learning.   
Objective: This study aimed to explore the benefits, barriers, pharmacy student learning achievement, and their recommendation towards an online learning model.  
Methods: A survey was conducted among 1,658 pharmacy students from 28 provinces in Indonesia using an online questionnaire that passed validity and reliability testing. Descriptive analyses were conducted subsequently.    
Results: Of the total sample, 85% viewed that online learning was the compelling option to continue education due to the COVID-19 travel restriction. Poor internet connectivity was the most relevant hurdle reported by two-thirds of respondents. Learning achievement was negatively affected, as the majority reported poor ability to understand the course material from lectures and laboratory practicum. In addition, the lack of class engagement was evident as students and lecturers were not prepared and adapted for virtual interaction.     
Conclusion: Online learning is a feasible method in the short term as it is practical and prevents COVID-19’s spread. However, this may be problematic in the longer term since it has negatively affected students’ overall performance. Some improvements can be undertaken, such as creating an engaging discussion during virtual teaching in combination with investments in better internet networks and computer access.
Factors Causing Low Interest in Learning Science in Elementary Schools
Authors: Aditya Hartini  , Siti Faridah
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the low interest of students in science subjects at SDN 5 Komet Banjarbaru. The method used in this study is a descriptive method which aims to describe or describe a situation in a place where it is now. The object of this research is the factor that causes the students' low interest in learning about science subjects at SDN 5 Komet Banjarbaru. The subjects in this study were the fifth grade students of SDN 5 Komet Banjarbaru who were used as a source of information needed in collecting research data. The population in this study amounted to 60 students and the sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 20 fifth grade students at SDN 5 Komet Banjarbaru. Some students said that external factors caused the students' low interest in learning science subjects at the Komet 5 Banjarbaru State Elementary School 50% of the external factors caused the students' low interest in learning science subjects at the Banjarbaru 5 Komet State Elementary School, while 21% small external factors caused the low interest of students in learning science subjects at the State Elementary School 5 Komet Banjarbaru.
Dinámicas de la exclusión testimonial. Sobre injusticia epistémica, atención a la salud mental y cuidado emocional
Authors: Gómez Aguilar Iván Eliab
Published: December 2022

El trabajo utiliza las herramientas conceptuales de la discusión sobre injusticia epistémica para analizar tres contextos de cuidado emocional y la atención a la salud mental, tales como: las redes sociales de apoyo informal, la atención terapéutica y la atención psiquiátrica. El propósito es mostrar el tipo de dinámicas sociales que, en dichos contextos, derivan en una exclusión del testimonio de las personas que recurren a ellas. La tesis central sostiene que entender las diversas dinámicas sociales que propician los distintos tipos de exclusiones, implica desglosar circunstancias sociales de diferente calado, algunas de las cuales se encuentran interrelacionadas, como lo representan la producción de sesgos derivados de diferentes tipos de prejuicios (de identidad o participación), mientras que, otras, responden a la constitución de un exceso de credibilidad otorgado a determinados campos expertos. De esta forma la invitación es a pensar que la restitución de la justicia epistémica en este tipo de atención y cuidado no depende ni de la corrección de una sola instancia social, ni de la mejora de un solo sistema experto.
Qualitative research in education
Authors: Ponce Omar A. , Gómez-Galán José , Pagán-Maldonado Nellie
Published: December 2022

Since it entered education in the mid-20th century, qualitative research has been a well-established methodology among educational researchers. Its strength lies in its nature, scope, and methodological flexibility to understand education's cultural, social, political and moral phenomena. Between the 1970s and 1980s, the relevance and superiority of quantitative vs. qualitative research in education were debated in academic forums. The paradigm debate was so intense that it reached political discussions. In 2002, the National Research Council (NRC) of the United States of America recommended the Federal Department of Education the exclusion of qualitative research from federal funds because it was not considered scientific research. A similar situation was observed in England and Australia. Since then, qualitative research has continued to develop as a model of educational research with the support of private funds. This paper revisits qualitative education research and examines its developments to reposition itself as a legitimate model of scholarly research in a political-scientific era.
Identificación de los niveles de autoestima en estudiantes de secundaria según: sexo, curso y zona de procedencia
Authors: Rojas Pedregosa Pedro
Published: December 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio trata de mostrar el grado de autoestima existente en el alumnado de secundaria, tanto en zonas urbanas, como rurales, de la provincia de Córdoba (España), atendiendo al género y curso. La muestra consta de 307 estudiantes de cuatro institutos. Se utilizó el cuestionario de evaluación de la autoestima para alumnos de enseñanza secundaria de García (1995). Para los resultados, existen discrepancias estadísticamente significativas en género: para autoestima física, general, intelectual, emocional, de relaciones con los otros y en la escala independiente de autocrítica. Según el curso, existen diferencias para autoestima física, general y la escala de independencia autocrítica. Por otro lado, se observan correlaciones significativas (leves, entre la edad de los estudiantes y la autoestima física, general y la escala de independencia autocrítica). Estos resultados, son de utilidad para identificar aspectos específicos de la autoestima que podrían ser fomentados en el ámbito escolar.
Online Education amid COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Kalsoom B. Sumra , Mumtaz Muhammad , Dahir Mohamed Nasra , Haseeb Abdul , Ansari Sarfaraz Hussain
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study is to examine the main constraints experienced in the online mode of education during this pandemic at higher education level in Pakistan. The COVID-19 pandemic credibly transformed the method of learning and teaching from face to face to online.  In unexpected sudden septicity, universities in Pakistan have started online education without proper instructional provision and relevant experience. For this purpose, the data is collected from 750 students and teachers across all over the regions in Pakistan. The study has used partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that technological bottlenecks, institutional preparedness, and digital divide are significant challenges. The differences in perceptions of rural and urban areas are also very important referring to several policies implications, implementing information communication technology (ICT), friendly curriculums, enhancing online accessibility and infrastructure development. This study contributes to help universities for developing effective e-learning policies for students in the situation of COVID-19.
A HEGEMONIA NEOLIBERAL NA EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA E SUAS FORMAS DE GESTÃO: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE ANTONIO GRAMSCI
Authors: JESUS FERNANDO SILVA DE , SILVA GRAZIELLE MIRANDA , MEDEIROS LAÍS DE LEIROS , PALÚ JANETE
Published: December 2022

O artigo apresenta uma análise da constituição e difusão da hegemonia neoliberal no âmbito do Estado, sobretudo na educação pública e suas formas de gestão. Para tanto, recorremos à pesquisa bibliográfica (Gil, 2008) realizada a partir das contribuições teóricas de Antonio Gramsci (2001, 2007, 2020) e das categorias Estado, Estado integral, hegemonia, aparelhos privados de hegemonia e intelectuais orgânicos elaboradas pelo autor, em diálogo com seus intérpretes e interlocutores (Liguori, 2017; Coutinho 2010, 2017), com destaque para os pesquisadores do campo da política educacional (Casimiro, 2018; Fontes 2018a, 2018b; Jacomini, 2020; Jacomini e Moraes, 2018; Mendonça, 2014) e autores contemporâneos que abordam a temática do neoliberalismo (Anderson, 1995; Dardot e Laval, 2016; Harvey, 2014), a educação e suas formas de gestão (Adrião, 2018; Hypolito, 2011; Garcia, 2019; Peroni, 2013; Shiroma, 2011, 2019; Shiroma e Evangelista, 2014, Souza, 2016). Concluímos que, a contribuição teórica de Gramsci e as categorias por ele elaboradas se constituem em ferramentas teórico-metodológicas potentes para a compreensão da problemática, uma vez que o neoliberalismo se fortaleceu a partir dos anos 1970, quando por meio de seus intelectuais orgânicos individuais e coletivos, dos aparelhos privados de hegemonia produziram e educaram o consenso em torno da ideia de que a racionalidade neoliberal é a única e a melhor solução a ser implementada nos diferentes países; ao adentrar o Estado, o neoliberalismo utilizou a sociedade política e seus aparelhos para amparar o capitalismo em sua fase atual, sendo que a educação e suas formas de gestão se constituem em espaços estratégicos para a produção e difusão da racionalidade neoliberal e seus propósitos. No Brasil, esses ideais chegaram por volta dos anos 1990, quando a gestão democrática passou a ser ressignificada diante do avanço do gerencialismo e dos modelos de gestão importados do setor privado propostos pelos neoliberais.
REPERCUSSÃO DA ATUAÇÃO DO IFCE NOS SERTÕES DE CRATEÚS
Authors: GOMES ANTONIA KARLA BEZERRA
Published: December 2022

As políticas de educação no Brasil estiveram, em sua maioria, atreladas aos interesses das classes dominantes e distanciadas de um projeto de desenvolvimento de nação e de justiça social. Só muito recentemente o país vivenciou uma experiência de expansão e interiorização da educação profissional e tecnológica e do ensino superior, travestido na Rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Este artigo objetiva apresentar as repercussões da atuação do IFCE Campus Crateús, ou seja, quais aspectos já podem ser observados a partir de sua atuação. Este é um estudo de caso do IFCE Campus Crateús, foi realizado entrevista com servidores e aplicado questionário a estudantes egressos certificados. O arcabouço bibliográfico necessário à compreensão da expansão da política de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, da Rede dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia PACHECO (2011), CASSIOLATO; GARCIA (2014), FRIGOTTO (2006). Do levantamento documental acerca da implantação do Instituto na região dos Sertões de Crateús: Ofício 45/2007, Lei 11.892/2008, RESOLUÇÃO N° 025/2013. Por fim, compreendeu-se que já é possível verificar intervenções positivas para o desenvolvimento da região impulsionadas pelas ações do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão geradas pelo Campus.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS SOCIAIS EM EDUCAÇÃO: COMPREENSÃO E LEITURA CRÍTICA, O QUE LEVAR EM CONSIDERAÇÃO?
Authors: BARROS HELLEN CHRISTINA JUSTINO
Published: December 2022

A política está em constante mudanças, mas o problema não está no dinamismo. Pois, sendo uma atividade essencialmente humana, a política tem uma trajetória de processo de construção e reconstrução, não sendo algo estanque. Mas, o que devemos estar atentos são os aspectos que influenciam certas mudanças ou reformulações. Assim, questionamentos como: A chegada de um programa na escola, o que pode significar? A formulação ou reformulação de projetos e programas, o que quer dizer? Assim, ter critérios para compreender e analisar uma política pública educacional é crucial, pois essa é uma questão inicial que permite uma reflexão sobre a trajetória percorrida na compreensão e análise. Comumente, muitas pesquisas apresentam uma abordagem mais de cobrança das ações já implementadas, ao invés de um caráter mais crítico da compreensão do trajeto e da análise em si. Dessa forma, objetivou-se identificar os aspectos que são fundamentais para serem considerados na compreensão e avaliação de políticas públicas educacionais através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo pautada em autores que tratam sobre esse assunto. Inicialmente, aborda-se o conceito de políticas públicas educacionais, traçando os aspectos da leitura crítica, como os diferentes modelos de Estado e a influência das organizações internacionais como novos atores nessa área. Por fim, a análise conclusiva da pesquisa aponta para o que os autores alertam e sugerem sobre a importância de ir além daquilo que é dito de forma explicita para compreender e avaliar as políticas educacionais.
O ENSINO SUPERIOR PRIVADO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL: UMA REALIDADE A PARTIR DA CIDADE DE SOBRAL-CE
Authors: CARNEIRO ANA DARLA RICARDO , DAMASCENO ANA BEATRIZ RODRIGUES
Published: December 2022

As universidades apresentam importante função na produção do desenvolvimento da humanidade, se destacando como fator essencial para o desenvolvimento cientifico, econômico, cultural e social. Desempenhando assim o papel fundamental para o crescimento regional. A partir desse entendimento, o presente artigo analisa a expansão do ensino superior privado no início do século XXI e os seus rebatimentos territoriais a partir do surgimento das instituições de ensino superior privadas na cidade de Sobral-CE. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as interferências regionais ocasionadas a partir da criação dessas faculdades na cidade e discutir o expressivo crescimento desse seguimento de ensino privado, em relação as instituições de ensino superior públicas locais. Para isso, utilizaremos o materialismo histórico, contextualizando geograficamente as principais IES de caráter privado da cidade, que capturam uma demanda de estudantes que ultrapassa o noroeste cearense. Bem como, buscar entender a influência em seu desenvolvimento regional, e apontando interferências na configuração sócio espacial da região. As pesquisas e discussões do presente trabalho, amparam-se na ótica da privatização do ensino superior de Helena Sampaio e debatendo ideias sobre Expansão e Interiorização do ensino superior, com base nas concepções e estudos de autores como Simon Schwartzman e José Brunner. Assim, até este momento as conclusões principais indicam uma crescente expansão e interiorização do ensino superior privado, ocasionado diretamente pelas políticas públicas educacionais através dos programas de inserção e permanência dos estudantes nas faculdades particulares, como o Fundo de Financiamento ao Estudante do Ensino Superior - FIES e o Programa Universidade Para Todos - PROUNI, que consequentemente interferem na dinâmica espacial da região.
A POLÍTICA DE VALORIZAÇÃO DOCENTE: CARREIRA, REMUNERAÇÃO, CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO E FORMAÇÃO (INICIAL E CONTINUADA)
Authors: ALVES FÁDYLA KÉSSIA ROCHA DE ARAÚJO , SANTOS LETRONNE MELO DOS , SOUZA JOYCIEIDE VIVIA SOARES DE
Published: December 2022

Discute-se, nesse artigo, as quatro dimensões que compreendem a política de valorização docente, considerando-se as mudanças políticas, econômicas e sociais decorrentes da década de 1990. Resultado dos estudos e pesquisas de cunho bibliográfico e documental desenvolvidos, sobretudo, no âmbito da iniciação científica, no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Teoria Política, Sociedade e Educação – GETEPS, do Departamento de Ciências Humanas da Ufersa. O objetivo é analisar as dimensões da política de valorização docente e suas implicações no processo de consolidação dessa política. Fundamenta-se na Lei do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional (PSPN) - Lei nº 11.738/08 e no Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb) - Lei nº 14.276/21. Considera-se o aporte teórico de autores como Monlevade (1996); Pinto (2009); Oliveira (2010); Gatti (2011) e Oliveira e Vieira (2012), que compreendem as discussões sobre a Política de Valorização Docente através da carreira, remuneração, formação docente (inicial e continuada) e condições de trabalho, as quais são os objetos de estudo dessa pesquisa. A pesquisa desenvolvida nos permite afirmar que a compreensão das dimensões da valorização docente estão relacionadas às mudanças que permearam a educação a partir da década de 1990, quando o trabalho docente assumiu uma nova configuração, quando a política educacional brasileira foi influenciada pelo modelo econômico vigente, impactando diretamente nas formas de organização da educação, principalmente no que se refere às ações desenvolvidas para a garantia da valorização dos profissionais da educação.
White-lipped Mud Turtle (Kinosternon leucostomum)
Authors: Sandoval Gabriela , Arteaga Alejandro
Published: December 2022

This is the species account about the White-lipped Mud Turtle (Kinosternon leucostomum), a chapter in the Reptiles of Ecuador book. This account summarizes novel as well as historical information (recognition, natural history, distribution, conservation, etymology, and relevant literature) about the species and provides maps and images to facilitate identification of this reptile in the field.
The Combined Use of Heavy and Light Silicone Oil in the Treatment of Complicated Retinal Detachment with 360º Retinal Breaks: Tamponade Effect or Filling Effect?
Authors: Zenoni Stefano , Comi Natalia , Fontana Piero , Romano Mario R
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This study aims to report the safety and effi cacy of the combined use of 70% Densiron®-68 and 30% polydimethysiloxane as a temporary vitreous substitute after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in selected cases of retinal detachment with superior and inferior retinal breaks. Material and Methods: Fifty consecutive eyes of 50 patients affected by complicated retinal detachment with retinal breaks of the superior and inferior quadrants associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of grade C2 or more, underwent a pars plana vitrectomy and a combination internal tamponade with 70% Densiron®-68 and 30% silicone oil. The main outcome measures were visual acuity, retinal attachment, intraocular pressure (IOP) and incidence of complications. Results: The mean best-corrected visual acuity rose from 1.4 logMAR to 0.7 logMAR (P <0.01). Initial retinal reattachment was achieved in 48 (96%) patients. In 15 patients (30%), IOP increased over 21 mmHg. The main complications were redetachment at the 3 month follow-up in 12/48 cases (25%) and cataract formation in 13/21 phakic eyes (62%). Conclusion: This combination tamponade comprised lighter and heavier oil compounds was well tolerated and effective. It may be a useful tool for the treatment of retinal detachment complicated with breaks and PVR involving the upper and lower quadrants. Key words: Double tamponade, Heavy silicone oil, Retinal detachment, Semifluorinated alkane, Shear stress
Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication in Singapore and the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Lee Hwee Ching , Tay Joanne , Kwok Cynthia YH , Wee Moi Kim , Ang Li Wei , Kita Yuske , Cutter Jeffery L , Chan Kwai Peng , Chew Suok Kai , Goh Kee Tai
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This study reviewed the epidemiological trends of poliomyelitis from 1946 to 2010, and the impact of the national immunisation programme in raising the population herd immunity against poliovirus. We also traced the efforts Singapore has made to achieve certification of poliomyelitis eradication by the World Health Organisation. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological data on all reported cases of poliomyelitis were obtained from the Communicable Diseases Division of the Ministry of Health as well as historical records. Coverage of the childhood immunisation programme against poliomyelitis was based on the immunisation data maintained by the National Immunisation Registry, Health Promotion Board. To assess the herd immunity of the population against poliovirus, 6 serological surveys were conducted in 1962, 1978, 1982 to 1984, 1989, 1993 and from 2008 to 2010. Results: Singapore was among the first countries in the world to introduce live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) on a mass scale in 1958. With the comprehensive coverage of the national childhood immunisation programme, the incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis declined from 74 cases in 1963 to 5 cases from 1971 to 1973. The immunisation coverage for infants, preschool and primary school children has been maintained at 92% to 97% over the past decade. No indigenous poliomyelitis case had been reported since 1978 and all cases reported subsequently were imported. Conclusion: Singapore was certified poliomyelitis free along with the rest of the Western Pacific Region in 2000 after fulfilling all criteria for poliomyelitis eradication, including the establishment of a robust acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system. However, post-certification challenges remain, with the risk of wild poliovirus importation. Furthermore, it is timely to consider the replacement of OPV with the inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Singapore’s national immunisation programme given the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses. Key words: Childhood immunisation, Herd immunity, Oral polio vaccine
Presentation and Outcome Amongst Older Singaporeans Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS): Does Age Alone Drive Excess Mortality?
Authors: Huggan Paul J , Foo Rui Min , Olszyna Dariusz , Chew Nicholas S , Smitasin Nares , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Archuleta Sophia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: There is little detailed information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) amongst older adults in Singapore. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 121 consecutive referrals of patients presenting for HIV care was conducted. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. A prognostic model derived from the North American Veterans’ Affairs Cohort Study (VACS) was used to estimate prognosis. Results: The median age at presentation was 43 (range, 18 to 76). Thirty-eight patients (31%) were aged 50 or older and 106 patients (88%) were male. Older patients were more likely to be of Chinese ethnicity (P = 0.035), married (P = 0.0001), unemployed or retired (P = 0.0001), and to have acquired their infection heterosexually (P = 0.0002). The majority of patients in both groups were symptomatic at presentation. Eighty-one (67%) had CD4 counts less than 200 at baseline with no observable differences in HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) or clinical stage based on age. Non-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) morbidity was observed more frequently amongst older patients. The estimated prognosis of patients differed significantly based on age. Using the VACS Index and comparing younger patients with those aged 50 and above, mean 5 year mortality estimates were 25% and 50% respectively (P <0.001). A trend towards earlier antiretroviral therapy was noted amongst older patients (P = 0.067) driven mainly by fewer financial difficulties reported as barriers to treatment. Conclusion: Older patients form a high proportion of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and present with more non-AIDS morbidity. This confers a poor prognosis despite comparable findings with younger patients in terms of clinical stage, AIDS-defining illness, CD4 count and HIV viral load. Key words: AIDS, Ageing, HIV, Prognosis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Pregnancy: A Review of the Guidelines for Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission in Malaysia
Authors: Azwa Iskandar , Khong Su Yen
Published: December 2022

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a devastating consequence of HIV infection during pregnancy and is largely preventable. Evidence-based interventions such as universal antenatal screening, provision of antiretroviral therapy, delivery by elective caesarean section and avoidance of breastfeeding have ensured that the rates of MTCT remain low in Malaysia. This review discusses the most recent advances in the management of HIV infection in pregnancy with emphasis on antiretroviral treatment strategies and obstetric care in a middle income country.

Key words: Antiretrovirals, HIV, Neonate, Pregnancy, Screening
Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Singapore: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study
Authors: Picco Louisa , Subramaniam Mythily , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi A , Chong Siow Ann
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death throughout the world and can lead to nicotine dependence, particularly when initiated at a young age. This paper describes the prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence in the adult Singapore resident population, whilst also exploring rates among the major ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay and Indian), different education levels and those with chronic psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Material and Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that was conducted between December 2009 and December 2010. Information on smoking status was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence measured nicotine dependence. Socio-demographic information was also collected. Results: In total, 6616 respondents participated in the SMHS giving a response rate of 75.9%. We found that 16% of the population were current smokers and 4.5% had nicotine dependence. Current smokers were more likely to be younger (18 to 34 years old), males, Malay and have lower education, whilst males had a 4.6 times higher risk of nicotine dependence to that of females. The prevalence of nicotine dependence was also higher in those with alcohol abuse and those experiencing chronic pain. Conclusion: The results from this study highlight the important differences in the prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence among different age groups, gender and ethnicity in Singapore and are important for developing future health policies and targeted preventive strategies.

Key words: Ethnicity, Gender, Population, Prevalence
Unused Arteriovenous Grafts as a Source of Chronic Infection in Haemodialysed Patients with Relevance to Diagnosis of Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT Examination
Authors: Bachleda Petr , Kalinová Lucie , Váchalová Monika , Koranda Pavel
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Clotted arteriovenous grafts (AVG) for haemodialysis which are not used (silent grafts) can serve as a potential source of chronic bacterial infection in patients on dialysis programs. In some cases, the local finding is unclear. The patient only suffers from repeated metastatic infection and the detection of AVG infection is difficult. Nuclear medicine methods have the potential to uncover AVG infection. In this study, we correlated the positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) findings of the AVG examination with the microbiological findings from removed grafts. The aim was to evaluate the relevance of the Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT method in detecting clotted graft infection. Material and Methods: A cohort of 13 patients with clotted grafts were followed-up. Four patients had overall symptoms of infection and 9 patients were asymptomatic. In all cases, the PET CT examination and microbiological examination of the removed graft were provided. Results: Only one mismatch—negative PET CT finding and positive microbiological culture was recorded in the 13 followed-up patients. Conclusion: In patients with silent grafts and recurrent infection of equivocal aetiology, PET CT examination can contribute to the diagnosis of AVG infection and, subsequently, to prevent further infectious complications, if the AVG infection is treated appropriately and the graft is removed.

Key words: ePTFE prosthesis, Nuclear medicine imaging, Staphylococcus aureus, Vascular access infection
Analisis Hubungan Ketepatan Penulisan Diagnosis dengan Keakuratan Kode Diagnosis pada Kasus Obstetri dan Ginekologi di Rumah Sakit Tk. IV DKT Kediri
Authors: Puspaningtyas Citra Alifa , Sangkot Hartaty Sarma , Akbar Prima Soultoni , Dewi Endang Sri , Wijaya Avid
Published: December 2022

Activity of determining the disease code and writing the diagnosis must be in accordance with the correct medical terminology and the classification rules that apply in Indonesia, namely ICD-10 in order to get the right and accurate code. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the accuracy of writing a diagnosis and the accuracy of the diagnosis code in obstetrics and gynecology cases at Rumah Sakit Tk. IV DKT Kediri. The method used in this research is analytic research with cross sectional approach. Based on Slovin's formula, the sample used was 100 medical record documents of inpatients. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The data collection technique used observation with a checklist instrument. Data on the accuracy of writing the diagnosis and the accuracy of the diagnosis code were analyzed univariately, while the relationship between the accuracy of writing the diagnosis and the accuracy of the diagnosis code was analyzed using SPSS with Chi-Square test. The results showed that the accuracy of writing the diagnosis was 56%, the accuracy of the diagnosis code was 43%, and there was a relationship between the accuracy of writing the diagnosis and the accuracy of the diagnostic code for obstetrics and gynecology cases at Rumah Sakit Tk. IV DKT Kediri (p < 0.025).
The Sustainability Assurance: Rigidity, Boundaries and Labour Division
Authors:   University of Sao Paulo, Imoniana Joshua Onome , Freire Fatima de Souza ,   University of Brasília, DF - Brasília, Brazil, Perera Luiz Carlos Jacob ,   Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: December 2022

This article uncovers a source of rigidity in sustainability assurance, which goes beyond institutional arrangements and is centred on the assurors’ approach to disclosure. Such rigidity appeared independently of the standard or level of assurance applied. This rigidity tends to drive a division of responsibilities between groups of assurors, affecting the quality and transparency of assurance reports produced by these groups. Different approaches to disclosure on sustainability assurance tend complement each other and their cooccurrence are not exclusive. However, the absence of one of these two perspectives of disclosure tend to commit the quality of assurance report as well as the potential for stakeholder engagement. These findings were reached after conducting an in-depth as well as content analysis of assurance reports produced by a sample of listed companies in a Brazilian stock market. Implications of this research are not only of the interest of policy makers, who can reflect on the types of incentives to improve quality of assurance produced by listed companies, but also to those interested in the quality of non-financial information as well activities in emerging economies.
Dysfunctions revealing hidden costs-performance in SMEs: Review of the literature
Authors:   PHD in Management sciences, Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Lahoussine Elktiri , Ahmed Ouabbou ,   Master CCA in the Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Ait Melloul, Lhassane Jaouhari ,   PHD in Management sciences, Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir
Published: December 2022

In the new context of globalization, Moroccan companies are increasingly faced with margin pressure. They are challenged to review their strategies and evolve their management tools. In this respect, the issue of hidden costs is becoming increasingly important for any company seeking to control its performance, both as a source of qualitative and quantitative improvement of processes in terms of measuring hidden costs-performance. Thus, the main objective of this article is to detect the dysfunctions revealing the hidden costs-performances within small and medium-sized companies. To do this, a review of the articles dealing with this concept was carried out in order to come up with a state-of-the-art of the academic production on the subject and to draw conclusions on the various dysfunctions which cause its birth.
Potencialidades do ensino de Estatística como mobilizador de empoderamento e engajamento social
Authors: Cazorla Irene Mauricio , Monteiro Carlos Eduardo Ferreira , Carvalho Liliane
Published: December 2022

As mudanças no currículo do Ensino Médio brasileiro desafiam professores a abordarem temas contemporâneos a partir de ações interdisciplinares e transversais. O ensino de Estatística pode ser um eixo integrador e promotor do letramento estatístico, mobilizando empoderamento e engajamento social. Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios de ensinar Estatística na Educação Básica brasileira, para além da coleta de dados, cálculos, construção de tabelas e gráficos. As reflexões baseiam-se numa revisão da literatura após a publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular em 2018. A diversidade de temáticas identificadas na produção científica sugerem um potencial para orientar a implementação das mudanças curriculares vinculadas a Educação Estatística no Ensino Médio. Entretanto, um desafio é a sua transposição para a formação de professores.
The relation between digitalization and regional development in Romania
Authors:   Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy, no.13, 13 September Street, 050711 Bucharest, Romania, Antonescu Daniela , Florescu Ioana Cristina ,   Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy, no.13, 13 September Street, 050711 Bucharest, Romania, Platon Victor ,   Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy, no.13, 13 September Street, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2022

Digitalization is an essential element for the development of today’s society, in the context of actual geo-political challenges. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization, offering new perspectives on sustainable and inclusive development. From the point of view of the regional approach, digitalization can have an important impact on the level of territorial development and on the reduction of economic and social inequalities. This paper proposes to identify the relationship between a series of indicators specific to digitization and regional GDP, with the help of panel models. The objective of the research is to estimate the relationship between GDP and two indicators specific to digitalization: online commerce and broadband internet infrastructure, the level of the eight development regions in Romania. Dependency modelling, based on econometric equations, offers the possibility of highlighting the way in which the two indicators of the digital economy contribute to the growth of GDP per capita. This analysis aims to illustrate the fact that broadband technologies and the increase in the number of people using the Internet for commercial purposes can have a positive impact on the growth of the regional economy. The results of the analysis highlighted the direct relationship of the indicators between the three variables related to the digitalization process at the level of Romania’s regions and the strong influence of broadband internet and online trade on GDP per capita, proving that any growth among independent variables will lead to an increase amongst the dependent variables.
RELIGIÃO COMO ARMA: CRISTIANISMO E DOMINAÇÃO COLONIAL NA LITERATURA
Authors: Silva Tiago
Published: December 2022

A religião cristã, em Things Fall Apart, de Chinua Achebe (2017), Purple Hibiscus, de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2017), e A Queda do Céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami, de Davi Kopenawa e Bruce Albert (2019), é tratada como uma inequívoca estratégia de Soft Power, aplicada para facilitar processos de dominação colonial e dinâmicas de expansão do capitalismo. Espelhando um processo histórico-cultural de inferiorização da diferença (SAID, 2003; FANON, 2008), apresentado aqui a partir do romance Robinson Crusoé [1917], essas obras sugerem que o proselitismo, entendido como obrigação de converter, justifica moralmente a missão civilizatória e viabiliza a expropriação de comunidades originárias, por meio da produção de fissuras em seu tecido social e de processos epistemicidas silenciosos que, mesmo no contemporâneo, continuam enquanto colonialidade (QUIJANO, 2005), determinando os modos de relação intersubjetivos.
DO ESTEREÓTIPO FURTIVO: QUANDO A MASCULINIDADE SE APROPRIA DO DISCURSO
Authors: Fernandes Pimenta de Almeida Lima Fernanda , Serra Kattiuce Maria
Published: December 2022

Este artigo objetiva estudar, à luz da Análise do Discurso francesa e da perspectiva bakhtiniana dos gêneros discursivos, alguns efeitos de sentidos produzidos no livro Gatão de meia-idade: primeiras tiras do autor Miguel Paiva (2008). Com base nas tiras que constituem o corpus desta pesquisa, observamos como o trabalho com este gênero em sala de aula pode instaurar um diálogo com o processo de leitura, interpretação e produção textual, somando-se a isto um olhar sobre as práticas sociais que forjam identidades ao homem e à mulher. A investigação apoia-se no método documental de abordagem qualitativa, uma vez que se inferenciam efeitos de sentidos sobre a masculinidade e a identidade do protagonista, um homem de meia idade que ancora seus enunciados no comportamento de suas namoradas, assegurando-lhes estereótipos que, pela via do humor, se escondem na ordem discursiva.
Strategi Konfrontatif NATO Terhadap Rusia di Negara-Negara Baltik dan Polandia
Authors: Adim Pradana Hafid , Inayah Ramadhoan Ruli
Published: December 2022

Secara historis, hubungan antara North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) dan Rusia senantiasa bersifat konfliktual. Sekalipun demikian, baik Rusia maupun NATO pernah melakukan perencanaan kerjasama pengelolaan sistem pertahanan rudal di Eropa Timur pada tahun 2010, dimana hal itu sempat memunculkan optimisme akan membaiknya hubungan kedua pihak di masa mendatang. Akan tetapi optimisme tersebut mendadak pudar ketika tahun 2015 Rusia memperbarui Russia’s National Security Strategies (RNSS). Tindakan Rusia tersebut segera direspon oleh NATO dengan menerapkan strategi konfrontatif dalam bentuk penempatan pasukan militer di Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania dan juga Polandia. Hal ini tentunya akan berisiko menimbulkan konflik militer langsung antara Rusia dan NATO. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor yang melatarbelakangi NATO dalam menerapkan strategi konfrontatif terhadap Rusia di negara-negara Baltik dan juga Polandia. Dengan menggunakan teori strategi kebijakan luar negeri sebagai kerangka analisis, tulisan ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa strategi konfrontatif yang dijalankan NATO didasari oleh adanya persepsi ancaman dan superioritas kapabilitas militer NATO terhadap Rusia.
Peran ASEAN dalam Menghadapi Isu Pelanggaran HAM Pasca Kudeta Militer di Myanmar Tahun 2021
Authors: Oktaviani Jusmalia , Riva Lusian
Published: December 2022

The background of this research The background of this research is the military coup in Myanmar in 2021, military coup occurred because of allegations of corruption and election fraud Myanmar in 2020 won by National League for Democracy. Myanmar’s people refuse the coup by doing a demonstration to government and new policies, but Tatmadaw reactionto rejection of the coup resulted a human Rights violations, many victims were killed, violence against society, and violate individual rights. This case raises the issue of human rights violations was conducted by Myanmar post military coup, ASEAN as regional organization in Southeast Asia have the authority to give a response on the issue of human rights violations in Myanmar post military coup. This research used qualitative-descriptive method with liberalism institutionalism and role of international organizations, in this research was conducted to describe the role of ASEAN in resolve the issue of human rights violations in Myanmar post military coup. The result of this research show ASEAN’s role as a communication and cooperation tool to raise this issue in ASEAN’s forum, ASEAN as a platform to generate of five point consensus as a positive solution for Myanmar, and ASEAN as administration platform in promoting realization of five point consensus. All forms of ASEAN’s action in 2021 until 2022 is a part of ASEAN effort to resolve human rights violations in Myanmar post military coup.
From little things big things grow: Enhancing literacy learning for secondary students in rural and regional Australia
Authors: Clary Deidre , Feez Susan , Garvey Amanda , Partridge Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Overall, the educational achievement of rural and regional students is lower than that of students elsewhere. To address uneven student achievement, a regional NSW high school, in collaboration with the local university, adopted a whole school approach to literacy teaching and learning. The literacy pedagogy adopted by the school has been applied to meet the specific literacy demands of each learning area. How teachers implementing the pedagogy have been supported by a school-university partnership is documented in this paper. A key outcome of the professional learning is that teachers in years 7 and 8 are expected to develop a language shared with colleagues and students for talking about the literacy demands of the learning areas so literacy knowledge and skills gained in one learning area can be applied in other learning areas.

Key words: Literacy teaching and learning, literacy pedagogy, school-university partnerships
International aid and education reform and the paradox of implementation: Case study of the Philippines
Authors: Reyes Vicente
Published: December 2022

From 2005 to 2011, AusAID and the Philippine government launched Strengthening the Implementation of Visayas Education (Project STRIVE) to improve access and quality of education in rural Philippines. Using data from all participating schools (N=308) one question is raised: How successful was the international partnership in implementing education reform? This three-part inquiry critiques STRIVE from policy implementation and international partnerships perspectives generating mixed results. First, STRIVE goals and accomplishments are expounded. Second, using non-parametric analyses, hypothesised relationships between reform inputs and project outcomes are tested. Finally, STRIVE 'successes' related to project relevance, effectiveness and sustainability are critiqued revealing implementation paradoxes.
Bringing people together while learning apart: Creating online learning environments to support the needs of rural and remote students
Authors: Parkes Mitchell , Gregory Sue , Fletcher Peter , Adlington Rachael , Gromik Nicolas
Published: December 2022

This paper has presented an analysis of the perceptions and actions of five Information Communication Technology (ICT) Education lecturers, at the University of New England (UNE), concerning issues associated with the online teaching to students in rural and remote areas. The authors reflect upon the strategies that support these models and discuss how these may in turn provide students with firsthand experiences to develop transferable skills and knowledge to create their own motivating and engaging online learning activities and environments.

Key words: Rural education, online teaching, online engagement
Learning opportunities in the 'Golden Years' in a regional city
Authors: Ellis Bronwyn
Published: December 2022

Several projects relating to older learners have been conducted over the past decade or so, some involving the University of the Third Age (U3A) Whyalla, as well as other groups composed of older citizens. Here a wide range of learning activities, as revealed by survey data, publicly available information, and participant observation, are described. Some provide examples of engagement with the local university campus; others have this potential. Together with long-running group activities, new activities - a men's shed and a music learning activity - have potential outcomes for participants' health and wellbeing. Such opportunities help meet non-metropolitan lifelong learning needs. Maximising information sharing and cooperation can lead to mutual benefits, including for educational institutions. Increasing social inclusion benefits the whole community.