bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C−H Bond Activation by Sulfated Zirconium Oxide is Mediated by a Sulfur‐Centered Lewis Superacid
Authors: Jammee Ratchawi , Kolganov Alexander , Groves Marc C. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Sydora Orson L. , Conley Matthew P.
Published: December 2024

Sulfated zirconium oxide (SZO) catalyzes the hydrogenolysis of isotactic polypropylene (iPP, Mw=13.3 kDa, Đ=2.4, =94 %) or high‐density polyethylene (HDPE, Mn=2.5 kDa, Đ=3.6) to branched alkane products. We propose that this reactivity is driven by the pyrosulfate sites SZO, which open under mild conditions to transiently form adsorbed SO3 and sulfate groups. This adsorbed SO3 is a very strong Lewis acid that binds 15N‐pyridine or triethylphosphineoxide (TEPO) (ΔEads>−39 kcal mol−1), reacts with Ph3CH to form Ph3C+, and mediates H/D exchange in dihydroanthracene‐d4. DFT studies show that pyrosulfate sites open with a modest 26.1 kcal mol−1 barrier to form the adsorbed SO3 and sulfate in the presence of a tetramer of propylene. Hydride abstraction from the tertiary C−H in this model is exothermic and subsequent β‐scission forms cleaved products. Analysis of the energetics provided here brackets the hydride ion affinity (HIA) of the adsorbed SO3 between 226.2 to 237.9 kcal mol−1, among largest values reported for a formally neutral Lewis acid. This study explains how SZO, a classic heterogeneous catalyst, can form carbocations by a redox neutral hydride abstraction reaction by very strong Lewis sites.
Recessed Microelectrodes as a Platform to Investigate the Intrinsic Redox Process of Prussian Blue Analogs for Energy Storage Application
Authors: Jiyane Nomnotho , Santana Santos Carla , Echevarria Poza Igor , Palacios Corella Mario , Abdillah Mahbub Muhammad Adib , Marin‐Tajadura Gimena , Quast Thomas , Ibáñez Maria , Ventosa Edgar , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

The determination of the intrinsic properties of solid active material candidates is essential for their performance optimization. However, macroscopic electrodes and related analytical techniques show challenges concerning the number of additional influencing parameters. We explore recessed microelectrodes (rME) as a platform that allows for a binder‐free investigation of Prussian Blue analogues (PBA), a family of promising battery materials. The enhanced diffusion using microelectrochemical tools is indispensable to assess the intrinsic material performance, overcoming the limitation of cation diffusion from the electrolyte to the solid interface during (dis)charging cycles and allowing the investigation of limiting steps in the coupled ion‐electron transfer process. The intrinsic electrochemical performance of PBAs was studied in a three‐electrode configuration by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic (dis)charging in aqueous Na+‐containing electrolyte. We extended the evaluation to the role of the electrolyte on the performance of cathodic and anodic processes of a Mn‐based PBA. Ex‐situ and operando chemical characterization were coupled to support the microelectrochemical results.
Understanding the awarding gap through the lived experiences of minority ethnic students: An intersectional approach
Authors: Gutman Leslie Morrison , Younas Fatima
Published: December 2024

In UK universities, there is a long‐standing gap in degree award outcomes for undergraduate students with white British students more likely to graduate with a ‘good degree’ (first or upper second class) than British students from minority ethnic backgrounds. Given its complex, systemic nature, researchers have highlighted the importance of adopting holistic, intersectional and exploratory approaches that are solution‐focused. However, few qualitative studies provide a voice to minoritised students with regards to describing their individual experiences and their own suggestions for change. Through interviews and an advisory group session, this qualitative study explores the lived experiences of 14 minority ethnic undergraduate female students attending a large, public research university in the UK. The findings generated key themes with intersectional dimensions including gender, nationality, immigrant status, socioeconomic status and educational background including biased attitudes and stereotypes, feelings of being underestimated and needing to work harder, the need for greater diversity, and feelings of disconnection and lack of integration with other minority ethnic students. Participants also shared their perceptions of the awarding gap and proposed strategies for addressing the gap, including raising awareness, increasing diversity among teaching staff, enhancing academic resources and fostering connection among peers. By capturing the racialised narratives of students, this research sheds light on the pervasive biases, stereotypes and systemic issues that contribute to the gap. Through these efforts, the study aims to foster a more inclusive and equitable educational environment, ultimately contributing to the elimination of the degree awarding gap at universities.
Recent Research on Chondrocyte Dedifferentiation and Insights for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Su Weixian , Nie Yupeng , Zheng Shicong , Yao Yongchang
Published: December 2024

Chondrocytes maintain the balance of the extracellular matrix by synthesizing glycoproteins, collagen, proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. Chondrocyte dedifferentiation refers to a process in which chondrocytes lose their mature differentiated phenotype and transform into a fibroblast‐like morphology with fewer differentiated stages and inferior function under external stimulation. The important mechanism of homeostasis loss in osteoarthritis (OA) is a change in the chondrocyte phenotype. The dedifferentiation markers of chondrocytes are upregulated in OA, and the pathogenic factors related to OA have also been shown to enhance chondrocyte dedifferentiation. In this review, we compile recent studies on chondrocyte dedifferentiation, with an emphasis on potential markers and the underlying mechanisms of dedifferentiation, as well as the current research progress in inhibiting dedifferentiation or achieving redifferentiation. A deep understanding of chondrocyte dedifferentiation would not only support the pathogenesis of OA theoretically but also provide insightful ideas for regenerative medicine to manipulate the functional phenotype of cells.
Industrial Consumers Switching to Green Energy? An Application of the Theory of Market Choice Behaviour and Business Strategy
Authors: Sangroya Deepak , Joshi Yatish , Agarwal Reeti , Alghafes Rsha
Published: December 2024

Strategic green energy adoption by industrial customers could effectively address the worsening situation of the environment, which has largely impacted the well‐being of humans. To promote an understanding of the behaviour of the industrial green energy consumer and the impact of green energy strategy, this paper examines how multidimensional green perceived value (GPV) constructs relate to loyalty through customer satisfaction and perceived switching cost. The proposed conceptual model was empirically validated through data gathered from cross‐sectional responses of industrial energy consumers using green energy strategies for their business operations. Results indicated that GPV is a multidimensional formative higher‐order construct formed by social value, emotional value, functional value, and conditional value dimensions. Further, GPV impacts customer loyalty positively via the mediating effect of customer satisfaction and perceived switching costs. The current study found that an industrial consumer voluntarily uses green energy due to financial incentives alone, while social and emotional dimensions also play a major part in tactical decision‐making related to the implementation of green energy strategy.
Effects of humour‐logotherapy tailored to rural college students: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Do Eunna , Cho Sunhee
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effects of humour‐logotherapy (HL) on meaning in life, perceived stress and depressive symptoms among rural college students in South Korea.

Methods and Measures

The sample for a non‐randomised quasi‐experimental study comprised 40 college students. HL was operated in six sessions, lasted 90 min and included 10 min of humorous activities. The data were analysed using the IBM SPSS/WIN 23.0 for the χ2 test with Fisher's exact test, a t‐test, the Shapiro–Wilk test and a repeated measurement ANOVA.

Results

HL was effective in enhancing meaning in life (F = 6.52, p = .002) and reducing stress (F = 3.71, p = .029) and depressive symptoms (F = 3.26, p = .044). The effects of enhancing meaning in life and reducing stress persisted for 4 weeks; however, the effect of reducing depressive symptoms persisted for less than 4 weeks.

Conclusion

The results suggest that HL can be used as an effective intervention for enhancing meaning in life, reducing stress and alleviating depression among rural college students.
Multi‐Technological Solutions for In‐Store Smart Retailing
Authors: Qiu Xinxin , Roy Sanjit K. , Singh Gaganpreet , Gruner Richard L.
Published: December 2024

Smart in‐store technologies are flourishing in retail, encompassing innovations such as smart carts, in‐store mobile applications, and self‐checkouts. Despite their growing coexistence, configuring these technologies throughout the consumer in‐store shopping journey remains underexplored. To address this issue, this study investigates effective multi‐technological solutions that benefit consumers and retailers in grocery store settings from a configurational perspective, focusing on service convenience, shopping value, and retail store image. In Study 1, we developed and tested a research model relating consumer‐oriented benefits (i.e., service convenience and shopping value) and retailer‐oriented benefits (i.e., retail store image) using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). In Study 2, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to examine the technology configurations that drive these benefits. Several effective multi‐technological solutions were identified. Results show that smart shopping carts play a central role in driving several benefits, as does their combination with self‐checkouts. Also, the absence of a touchscreen kiosk is identified as a core condition in an ideal shopping experience facilitated by smart shopping carts. The findings offer novel and actionable insights into effective configurational strategies for in‐store technologies in smart retailing practices.
Design, Synthesis, in Silico and in Vitro Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Activity of Triazole‐Based Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Nidhar Manisha , Tewari Ashish Kumar
Published: December 2024

1,2,3‐triazole‐based ring connected with pyridazine, triazine, methyl pyrazole, diphenyl pyrazole, and phthalimide moieties through propylene linker has been synthesized for antidiabetic evaluation via click chemistry. The antidiabetic evaluations have been done by molecular docking studies and in‐vitro tests against the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) enzyme. The molecular docking studies have revealed that compounds 22, 23, 29, and 30 showed hydrogen bonds with the DPP‐4 enzyme while in‐vitro tests have revealed that compound 30 has (IC50 values 12.82 nM), exhibited potent activity compared to the standard drug, sitagliptin (14.8 nM). Among the heterocyclic compounds, phthalimide and pyrazole derivatives were found more potent for DPP‐4 inhibitors.
Essential Oil of Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link From Algeria With High Content in (α/β)‐Isocomene and α‐epi‐Bisabolol
Authors: Benabdelkader Tarek , Neghliz Hayat , Jullien Frédéric
Published: December 2024

Essential oils (EOs) are a potential source of biologically active molecules. Knowing exactly the constituents of an EO is fundamental to verifying its quality and predicting its biological potential and toxicity. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the chemical constituents and the chemotype of the EO of Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link growing wild in Zemmouri (Boumerdes, Algeria). EOs from the aerial flowering parts of two harvests, December and February, of O. maritimus, were isolated by hydrodistillation in a 0.19% and 0.14% yield, respectively. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis allows the identification of both EOs 36 constituents representing 87.35%–92.7% of the total oil composition dominated by irregular sesquiterpenes 35.05% and 29.34%, respectively. In the EO of the December harvest, the major compounds were α‐isocomene (15.75%), β‐isocomene (7.92%), artemisyl acetate (6.63%) and α‐epi‐bisabolol (6.16%). Whereas, α‐isocomene (18.73%), artemisyl acetate (9.65%), α‐epi‐bisfabolol (8.96%), germacrene‐D (7.13%) and β‐isocomene (6.63%) were dominant in the EO of February harvest. This is the first report of the α‐isocomene present as the first main component in the EO of this plant in parallel with an exceptional richness in α‐epi‐bisabolol, which has never been detected previously, which justifies that it is another different chemotype of O. maritimus from Algeria.
Prevalence of Neurodiversity in a UK High Secure Psychiatric Hospital Cohort: A Records Study
Authors: Walker Freya , Murphy David , Gröger Laura , Moore Estelle
Published: December 2024

Background

The term neurodiversity is an umbrella term for any atypical pattern of cognitive ability, including but not confined to neurodevelopmental disorders. Research suggests that several neurodivergent conditions are overrepresented in offender populations, with a recent survey suggesting that over half of those coming into contact with the criminal justice system may have a neurodivergent condition. Considerable effort has been invested in trying to divert people with such conditions out of long‐stay hospitals, but nevertheless, a few studies in secure hospitals suggest that while prevalence in hospitals may be lower than in prisons, it is high relative to the general population.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of recorded neurodivergent conditions in one high secure hospital.

Methods

We conducted a records survey of a resident cohort of men in one high secure hospital in England during December 2022.

Results

Records were accessed for all 197 resident men. According to these records, over one‐half (115, 58%) of the men had at least one neurodivergent condition; nearly a third (56, 29%) had more than one form of neurodivergent condition. The most frequently recorded form of neurodivergent condition was general cognitive dysfunction (24%), followed by general language difficulties (16%), ADHD (15%) and autism (14%) and those with a history of seizures (14%) and atypical brain scans (12%). Dyslexia was reported within 6.5% of patient notes, acquired brain injury 5% and chromosomal disorders 2%. The survey also suggests some differences in the prevalence of neurodivergent disorders across clinical groups, with higher rates among people with mental illness than with personality disorder. Prevalence was also unevenly distributed across nature of ward type.

Conclusions

With the survey suggesting that the majority of patients in one high secure psychiatric hospital have at least one form of neurodivergent condition, it raises questions around how useful the term is and what the term neurodivergence means in this population. With each form of neurodiversity having different needs, the diversity of conditions present also raises questions around what a ‘neurodiverse informed model of care’ would look like in forensic mental health services.
Comparing FFR‐Guided Complete Revascularization and Conservative Management for Non‐Culprit Lesions in STEMI Patients With Multivessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gonnah Ahmed R. , Awad Ahmed K. , Helmy Ahmed E. , Elsnhory Ahmed B. , Shazly Omar , Abousalima Saad A. , Labib Aser , Saoudy Hussein , Awad Ayman K. , Roberts David H.
Published: December 2024

Background

In patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease, the optimal management strategy for non‐culprit lesions is a subject of ongoing debate. There has been an increasing use of physiology‐guidance to assess the extent of occlusion in non‐culprit lesions, and hence the need for stenting. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is commonly used as a technique. This analysis compares FFR versus conservative management in the management of non‐culprit lesions in STEMI patients with multivessel disease.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on databases from inception to May 25, 2024. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis using RevMan version 5.3.0, employing the Der‐Simonian and Laird method to combine the data.

Results

The analysis of five RCTs including 3759 patients revealed a significantly lower incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and the need for repeat revascularization [PCI or CABG]) in the FFR group compared to the conservative management group (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44−0.96, p = 0.03). The revascularization rates were significantly lower in the FFR group (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43−0.66, p < 0.00001). Additionally, unplanned hospitalization leading to urgent repeat revascularization and any cause hospitalization were significantly lower in the FFR group (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56−0.94, p = 0.01), and (RR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.46−0.84, p = 0.002), respectively. The FFR group had a higher risk of definite stent thrombosis (RR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.10−4.64, p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, or myocardial infarction. Similarly, bleeding rates, cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), and contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) were comparable between both groups.

Conclusion

Our findings support FFR‐guided PCI to manage non‐culprit lesions in STEMI patients with multivessel disease as it is potentially safe, with comparable rates of bleeding, CVAs and CIN. It also improves clinical outcomes, as well as reduces revascularization and hospitalization rates. The risk of stent thrombosis remains a concern, and hence the decision making for FFR‐guided complete revascularization should take into account the complexity/risk of the procedure, as well as the patients' individual co‐morbidities and preferences.
Intracoronary Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy to Treat Thrombotic Occlusion of a Giant Coronary Aneurysm in Early Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Patrizio Moras , Mara Pilati , Micol Rebonato , Gianfranco Butera
Published: December 2024

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that can lead to coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in up to 10% of treated cases, significantly increasing the risk of thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). While thrombolytic therapy is commonly used in adult coronary syndromes, its application in pediatric KD remains poorly studied. We report a 9‐month‐old infant with KD and giant CAA complicated by a subocclusive thrombus in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Initial systemic intravenous thrombolysis (IVCT) with alteplase failed to prevent progression to ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Intracoronary thrombolysis (ICT) was subsequently performed, achieving partial reperfusion without complications. At 18 months of follow‐up, the patient remained asymptomatic with stable left ventricular dysfunction. This single case illustrates the potential feasibility of combining ICT and IVCT in managing coronary thrombosis in pediatric KD. However, as a single observation, these findings cannot be generalized, and the approach requires further investigation. Robust multicenter studies are necessary to establish the safety, efficacy, and optimal use of thrombolytic therapy in pediatric KD patients with coronary thrombosis.
Porous Organic Polymers for CO2 Capture and Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Zhong Zicheng , Wang Xiaoyan , Tan Bien
Published: December 2024

Overuse of fossil fuels and anthropogenic activities have led to excessive emissions of carbon dioxide, leading to global warming, and measures to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are needed to overcome this global challenge. Therefore, exploring an environmentally friendly strategy for capturing airborne CO2 and converting it into high‐value‐added chemicals offers a promising pathway toward “carbon neutrality”. In recent years, porous organic polymers have attracted much attention for carbon capture and the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide because of their high specific surface area, high chemical stability, nanoscale porosity, and structural versatility, which make them easy to functionalize. In this review, we introduce the preparation methods for various POPs, the types of POPs adsorbed during carbon dioxide capture, and the progress in the use of POPs for the photocatalytic and chemicatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide, with a special discussion on the influence of adsorption type on the efficiency of catalytic conversion. Finally, we propose a prospective direction for the subsequent development of this field.
Multimodality Imaging Supports Cardiac Lesion Diagnosis in Patient With Liver Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Thi Thuy , Nguyen Yen Thi Hai , Kirkpatrick James N. , Nguyen Viet Khoi , Nguyen Anh Van , Pham Hung Manh , Taylor Walter Robert , Nguyen Hoai Thi Thu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare cardiac manifestation in patients with advanced malignancies of the lungs, pancreas, gynecological system, and gastrointestinal tract. It is often confirmed postmortem by histopathological evidence of sterile platelet‐fibrin deposits attached to the endocardium, most often on heart valves. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first to report multiple heart lesions caused by the systemic effect of cholangiocarcinoma.

Case Presentation

We report the case of a 53‐year‐old male who presented with a stroke; extensive imaging studies, including transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2D/3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), cardiac multi‐slice computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance, found masses on the mitral valve, the aortic valve, and in the right ventricle, with the largest diameter 43 × 11 mm, which led to a diagnosis of NBTE secondary to presumed cholangiocarcinoma. Combining different echocardiography techniques, including TTE and TEE in specific clinical contexts, and training echocardiographers to improve TEE interpretation skills could be the most cost‐effective option for early diagnosis, particularly in limited‐resource settings, where advanced imaging modalities are not widely applicable.

Conclusions

NBTE can manifest in patients with advanced cancer. A high index of clinical suspicion is of central importance for the diagnosis of NBTE, especially through an identification of the underlying predisposing conditions. A multi‐disciplinary approach is crucial for NBTE optimal diagnosis and treatment. As in our patient, multimodality imaging plays a complementary role in clearly defining the nature of cardiac lesions.
The Open Hand Initiative: Facilitating the Use of Real‐World Evidence in Regulatory Submissions Through Collaboration and Transparency
Authors: Baumfeld Andre Elodie , Gee Matthew , Magnus Carsten , Greeman Stephanie , White Pipper , de Mars Maryellen , Spring Brad
Published: December 2024

Real‐world data (RWD) collected to generate real‐world evidence (RWE) holds promise for expediting patient and healthcare provider access to new in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) by serving as evidence to demonstrate test performance or utility. However, uncertainties remain for IVD developers (device manufacturers), regulators, and other healthcare stakeholders on the specifics of collecting fit‐for‐purpose RWD and using RWE for regulatory decision‐making. We report on a unique approach to medical device regulatory review called the Open Hand Initiative, by which the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and device manufacturers collaborate to ensure the appropriate use of RWD/RWE to support regulatory decision‐making. Normally, regulatory submission interactions are confidential; in the Open Hand approach, device manufacturers share high‐level learnings from pre‐submission interactions to advance the use of reliable and relevant RWD/RWE for regulatory decision‐making. In a pilot study, the Open Hand approach was applied to pre‐submission interactions regarding the use of RWD/RWE for transition of SARS‐CoV‐2 serology IVDs with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to full market authorization. Participants in the pilot agreed that the candid discussions were key to identifying barriers to efficient, timely, and robust RWE generation for IVD premarket submissions. The pilot also led to valuable lessons learned around current regulatory requirements for RWE, SARS‐CoV‐2 testing complexities, and the impact that the rapidly evolving COVID‐19 pandemic had on RWD availability and quality. The Open Hand Initiative can be applied more broadly to guide device manufacturers in collecting high‐quality RWD to generate RWE for premarket applications.
Hybrid Switched Inductor‐Capacitor Network–Based High Step‐Down Ratio DC‐DC Converter for On‐Board EV Charger Applications
Authors: Talluri Mahi Teja , Karthikeyan V. , Murugesan Suman
Published: December 2024

The step‐down DC‐DC converter plays a vital role in transformer‐less grid‐connected on‐board EV charging systems, enabling the reduction of voltage to desired levels. This study introduces a novel Hybrid Switched Inductor‐Capacitor Network (HSICN)–based high step‐down ratio DC‐DC converter for on‐board EV charger applications. Compared to recent converter designs, the proposed HSICN achieves an impressive step‐down ratio while minimizing voltage stress on the switch, making it particularly suitable for high‐power applications. Additionally, by distributing the output current between both inductors, the overall volume of magnetic components is reduced, leading to decreased conduction losses. Furthermore, this approach lowers the ripple current in the inductor, contributing to a reduction in the size of passive components. The operational principles of the proposed HSICN, alongside steady‐state analysis, are thoroughly discussed in this study. Moreover, a comprehensive comparative assessment of the proposed converter's performance is provided. To validate its effectiveness, a 500‐W experimental prototype was constructed and analyzed, demonstrating peak experimental efficiency of 95.8% at 350 W.
CFO and PAPR Analysis for Single‐ and Multistream CIFDMA System
Authors: Kumar J. Arun , Stuwart S. Lenty
Published: December 2024

The paper investigates the performance of a cyclic interleaved frequency division multiple access (CIFDMA) system proposed in our earlier works. In our present study, the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) analysis are done for the proposed CIFDMA, supporting single and multiple data stream transmissions. The proposed system is analyzed without employing any compensation technique needed to alleviate the effect of CFO and PAPR. The CIFDMA delivers superior performance over the conventional IFDMA system under low and moderate CFOs. Besides, the bit error ratio (BER) versus signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) performance comparisons for constant and random CFOs reveal the dominance of the proposed system over the conventional system for both single and multiple data stream transmissions. The PAPR performance of the proposed system is superior to the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. However, the PAPR of the proposed system escalates by an acceptable margin to that of the conventional system, and the deviation in the PAPR value falls within the acceptable range. The simulation results conclude that the proposed CIFDMA system will better replace the conventional IFDMA system for next‐generation communications.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of New 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐Based Compounds as EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Serag Marwa I. , Tawfik Samar S. , Eisa Hassan M. , Badr Sahar M. I.
Published: December 2024

Five series of new 1,3,4‐thiadiazole hybrids were designed and synthesized as promising EGFR inhibitors. Three human cancer cell lines were employed for testing each hybrid's in vitro antiproliferative efficacy; colon HCT‐116, liver HepG‐2 and breast MCF‐7 using MTT assay. Comparing compound 9a to the reference doxorubicin, 9a shown superior activity to that of Dox with respect to MCF‐7 (IC50 3.31 µM) while being secure for normal cells WI‐38 (IC50 = 43.99 µM). Further evaluation of the EGFR inhibitory activity of the most active candidates—4a, 6b, 8b, 9a, and 9 d—was performed. Of them, compounds 9a and 8b demonstrated the highest IC50 values, 0.08 and 0.15 µM, respectively, relative to the reference gefitinib (IC50 = 0.04 µM). Subsequent mechanistic analysis of compound 9a revealed a notable 14.24‐fold increase in overall apoptosis and a 28.92% cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Additionally, research on apoptosis demonstrated that it triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In MCF‐7 cells, it also led to an increase in ROS buildup. For the most powerful EGFR inhibitors, 9a and 8b, a molecular docking research was conducted, and all of the findings agreed with the biological findings.
Detection of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Administration in UGT2B17 del/del and del/ins Individuals. Part II: Urinary Endogenous Steroid Sulfate Markers
Authors: Coll Sergi , Shiomura Sho , Alechaga Élida , Bressan Claudia , Monfort Núria , Okano Masato , Ventura Rosa
Published: December 2024

The detection of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids misuse in Asian population using the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is a challenge due to the high prevalence of UGT2B17 gene deletion polymorphism with low levels of testosterone (T) glucuronide. In this study, the capabilities of different approaches based on urine analysis for the detection of oral T undecanoate administration were evaluated in 13 Asian volunteers, including 11 subjects with del/del genotype and 2 subjects with del/ins genotype. In the first part of the work, the effect on the urinary steroid profile (SP) and on the isotope ratio mass spectrometry markers was evaluated. In this second part, the effect on endogenous sulfate markers was evaluated. Results showed that the oral T administration is detected for a much longer period of time with sulfate markers than with the conventional urinary SP markers. Androstanediol sulfate 1 (Diol‐S1)/dehydroandrosterone sulfate (DHA‐S) and epiandrosterone sulfate (epiA‐S)/DHA‐S ratios were the most diagnostic parameters for longitudinal monitoring, as reported for Caucasian volunteers in a previous work. For most subjects, sulfate markers allowed the detection of suspicious samples up to 144 h. Combinations of sulfate and glucuronide markers improved the sensitivity in comparison with the conventional SP markers, but yielded poorer results than the best sulfate ratios. Based on the results of this study and previous works, sulfate EAAS metabolites provide a consistent improvement in the detectability of T administration in both Caucasian and Asian populations. Their incorporation into the ABP should be considered.
Predicting Time in Range Without Hypoglycaemia Using a Risk Calculator for Intermittently Scanned CGM in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sebastian‐Valles Fernando , Arranz Martin Jose Alfonso , Martínez‐Alfonso Julia , Jiménez‐Díaz Jessica , Hernando Alday Iñigo , Navas‐Moreno Victor , Armenta Joya Teresa , del Fandiño García Maria del Mar , Román Gómez Gisela Liz , Garai Hierro Jon , Lander Lobariñas Luis Eduardo , González‐Ávila Carmen , de Martinez de Icaya Purificación , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente , Sampedro‐Nuñez Miguel Antonio , Marazuela Mónica
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To investigate the impact of clinical and socio‐economic factors on glycaemic control and construct statistical models to predict optimal glycaemic control (OGC) after implementing intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) systems.

Methods

This retrospective study included 1072 type 1 diabetes patients (49.0% female) from three centres using isCGM systems. Clinical data and net income from the census tract were collected for each individual. OGC was defined as time in range > 70%, with time below 70 mg/dL < 4%. The sample was randomly split in two equal parts. Logistic regression models to predict OGC were developed in one of the samples, and the best model was selected using the Akaike information criterion and adjusted for Pearson's and Hosmer–Lemeshow's statistics. Model reliability was assessed via external validation in the second sample and internal validation using bootstrap resampling.

Results

Out of 2314 models explored, the most effective predictor model included annual net income per person, sex, age, diabetes duration, pre‐isCGM HbA1c, insulin dose/kg, and the interaction between sex and HbA1c. When applied to the validation cohort, this model demonstrated 72.6% specificity, 67.3% sensitivity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.736. The AUC through bootstrap resampling was 0.756. Overall, the model's validity in the external cohort was 80.4%.

Conclusions

Clinical and socio‐economic factors significantly influence OGC in type 1 diabetes. The application of statistical models offers a reliable means of predicting the likelihood of achieving OGC following isCGM system implementation.
Materials and structures at cold‐region and Arctic low temperatures: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Yan Jia‐Bao
Published: December 2024

Construction of infrastructures in cold regions and the Arctic has grown rapidly since the 2000s, including railways, platforms, bridges, roads, and pipelines. However, the harsh low temperatures significantly influence the mechanical behaviors of construction materials, and bring safety and durability challenges to these engineering structures. This study made a state‐of‐the‐art review on materials and structures exposed to low temperatures. This review started from constructional‐material mechanical properties, including concrete, steel reinforcement, mild/high‐strength steel plate, and steel strand at low temperatures. It reflected that low temperatures improved the strength of construction materials. However, the freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) had a detrimental effect on the modulus and strength of concrete. Furthermore, it was revealed that low temperatures increased the interfacial bonding strength between the steel reinforcements (or shear connectors) and concrete. Moreover, low temperatures improved the bending, shear, and compression resistances of reinforced concrete (RC) or prestressed concrete structures, but reduced the ductility of RC columns under lateral cyclic loads. Finally, reviews also found that low temperatures improved the compression resistance of concrete‐filled steel tubes using mild, high‐strength, and stainless steels, whereas FTCs and erosion reduced their compression capacity. In addition, low temperatures increased the bending resistance of steel–concrete composite structures, but the FTCs reduced it. The low temperatures bring challenges to the safety and resilience of engineering constructions, which requires careful further studies. Continuous further studies may focus on the durability of materials and the resilience of structures under diverse hazards, including earthquakes, impacts, and even blasts.
Brønsted‐Acid Catalyzed Aldehyde Insertion to Construct C−X Bond: High Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[1,5]oxazocines and Pyrrolo[3,4‐ d]tetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Wen Yuan‐Min , Liu Teng , Zeng Gui‐Yun , Li Jun‐Jie , Yao Zeng‐Hong , He Chi‐Xian , Huang Chao
Published: December 2024

Aldehydes as one of the most widely building blocks, have been frequently utilized as privileged C1 electrophile units and exhibited versatile applications to construct carbon‐heteroatom and carbon‐carbon bond. We herein described a novel Brønsted‐acid catalyzed aldehydes insertion reaction with maleimide‐based 1, n‐C, O/N‐synthons, involving a high regio‐ and chemoselectivity [6/7 + 1]or [3 + 1 + 1 + 1]manner. The maleimide‐based 1, n‐C, O/N‐synthons (n = 3, 6, 7) were originally designed and developed by our group which were used as flexible bisnucleophiles. By this tandem annulations approach, two types of structurally diverse medium‐sized heterocycles were synthesized in good to excellent yields (74–91 %) and with excellent selectivity, including dihydrobenzo[1,5]oxazocines (24 examples) and pyrrolo[3,4‐ d]tetrahydropyrimidines (22 examples). Significantly, formaldehyde, long‐chain aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes can act as C1 electrophile units catalyzed by racemic BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid catalyst in these transformations, which then selectively attacked the OH or NH group bearing in functionalized maleimides and underwent the formation of C−C, C−O or C−N bond in a short time under microwave irradiation conditions.
Performance of SWIPT‐Assisted CNOMA System With P‐CSI User Selection Under Nakagami‐m Fading
Authors: Parida Samparna , Kumar Pawan , Das Santos Kumar
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the performance investigation of a cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) system consisting of a single base station (BS), multiple near users, and a single far user. The near users are energy‐constrained and harvest energy using the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique. The BS uses a partial‐channel state information (P‐CSI) scheme to select a near user. The BS broadcasts the superimposed near users' and far user's signals. The selected near user performs successive interference cancellation (SIC) to detect the data. It uses the harvested energy to forward the far user data using the decode‐and‐forward protocol. The Nakagami‐m fading environment is considered for the analysis of the system in terms of outage probability, throughput, and energy efficiency. We derive closed‐form expressions for the far and the selected near users. We validate the results obtained using these expressions with simulation results. Also, we compare different user selection schemes existing in the literature with P‐CSI. P‐CSI is observed to outperform some of these schemes.
Term Structure and Risk Premiums of Commodity Futures With Linear Regressions
Authors: Kim Daejin
Published: December 2024

We apply the regression‐based affine term structure model to estimate the term structure of commodity futures. This model is advantageous in that it has a simple and fast algorithm, can accommodate a variety of observable and unspanned factors, and can be applied to daily and even real‐time observations. The results show that the model appropriately captures time‐series variations across different maturities and exhibits satisfactory performance in capturing cross‐sectional variations for specific months. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between the existing commodity risk factor returns and the risk premiums inferred by the model. Our analysis reveals that different risk factor returns explain the spot and term premiums differently. Therefore, using the advantages of the model, we can better understand the term structure and risk premiums in commodity futures.
Moral Humility for a Complex World
Authors: Rieder Travis N.
Published: December 2024

Many of us in the modern world find ourselves implicated in massive, structural harms and injustices. We emit greenhouse gases, which—along with everyone else's emissions—are warming the planet. We buy products that result from bad labor practices. And many of us feel (appropriately, I think) some amount of guilt for our participation, but also find it difficult or impossible to fully extract ourselves from the problematic systems. I call this challenge of determining individual moral responsibility in the face of massive, structural problems “catastrophe ethics.” In this Perspective commentary, I suggest that the ubiquity of catastrophe ethics cases in the modern world justifies adopting a position of moral humility, as we recognize that none of us is morally pure but, rather, we are each choosing our own version of impurity.
“Almost Forty!”: Four Decades of Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomy—The Evolving Experience of the Italian School of Enrico de Campora
Authors: de Luca Pietro , de Campora Luca , Gallo Oreste , Radici Marco , Camaioni Angelo , de Campora Enrico
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to provide a retrospective review of the 40‐year experience of three oncology referral centers in the field of reconstructive laryngeal surgery.

Materials and Methods

A multi‐institutional retrospective analysis included adult patients who underwent reconstructive laryngeal surgery for cT2‐T4a laryngeal cancer (LC) between 1 June 1987 and 1 July 2019. Patients were stratified according to the European Laryngological Society classification for open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL).

Results

The final study group included 805 patients (668 men and 137 women). 561 tumors were glottic, while 244 showed supraglottic origin; 644 were considered anterior and 161 posterior. Arytenoid motility was normal in 712 patients, while the motility of the vocal folds appeared to be impaired in 501 patients. All patients underwent OPHL, of which 20 patients underwent OPHL I, 636 patients underwent OPHL II, and 149 patients underwent type III OPHL. 257 patients underwent adjuvant RT based on multiple risk factors/pathological findings. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 89.7% (95% CI 87.2–94). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 78.4% (95% CI 76.8–84.9), and the 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 64.3% (95% CI 62.2–69.6). Complications were observed in 7.5% of patients, while long‐term sequelae were observed in 21% of patients.

Conclusion

The findings of this work reveal four decades of surgical evolution in the school of Enrico de Campora. Despite the retrospective analysis and the extremely long follow‐up, our analysis shows how OPHLs play a crucial role in LC (even cT4a), with excellent results in terms of functional outcome and organ preservation.
Exploring the Impact of Vitamin D and Zinc Deficiencies on Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kashiri Amine , Maghsoudloo Negin
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin and mineral deficiencies may contribute to its progression, although the exact etiology remains unclear.

Objective

This case‐control study assessed the serum levels of vitamin D and zinc in SD patients compared to a healthy control group, with a focus on how these deficiencies relate to disease severity.

Methods

A total of 71 SD patients and 71 healthy controls participated, providing demographic data and blood samples. Disease severity was evaluated using the SEDASI scoring system. Serum vitamin D and zinc levels were measured using ELISA and photometric methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using t‐tests and chi‐square tests in SPSS 24, with groups matched for demographic variables (p > 0.05).

Results

Findings revealed no significant difference in vitamin D levels between SD patients and the control group (p = 0.066). However, zinc levels were notably lower in the SD group (p = 0.001). Additionally, vitamin D levels were inversely related to the severity of SD (p = 0.022), while no correlation was found between zinc levels and disease severity (p = 0.664).

Conclusion

Zinc deficiency appears to play a role in SD pathogenesis, while lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased disease severity. These findings highlight the need for further research into the potential therapeutic role of nutrient supplementation in managing SD.
Trends and Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low‐Resource Settings: Lessons From Two African Healthcare Systems–A Narrative Review
Authors: Hamitoglu Ali Emir , Fawaz Violette , Elawad Shaima Omer Mohamed , Assker Mohamad Monif , Nader Thea Maria , Wellington Jack , Uwishema Olivier
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has been a promising development in surgical practice globally ever since its introduction. LS has exhibited many an advantage, including bettering patient outcomes, lowering the risk of postoperative infection, and displaying economical affluence. However, its implementation in the African continent still faces various challenges. In this review, we investigated the status of laparoscopic surgery integration in Africa.

Objectives

In this review, we aimed to investigate the challenges posed by the implementation of LS in low resource countries as well as critically evaluating initiatives and their impact within said domiciles. We also provide recommendations that may assist in LS prosperity in these settings by focusing efforts on improving training and financial incentives.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to garner up‐to‐date evidence concerning the fate of LS adoption in low‐ to middle‐income countries. This comprised the analysis of different case studies from countries including Nigeria and Botswana, and investigated relevant recommendations and policies provided by other African countries.

Results

Various challenges face the implementation of LS in countries with low resources comprising poor infrastructure, scarce training programs, and expert training personnel alongside financial boundaries. The adoption of LS in Africa has proved its benefits in improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital admissions. From a perspective of policy, it is crucial to sustain strong ties amongst institutions, stressing the importance of dynamic collaboration and locally tailored policies.

Conclusion

It has been demonstrated that LS implementations in African nations lower infection rates and expedite recovery. A strong collaboration between governments, stakeholders, and healthcare providers is fundamental for successful integration of LS. Such extension in low‐resource environments may be achieved by providing proper training programs, funding infrastructure and equipment, and fostering effective financial initiatives.
Simulation of Complex Groundwater Flow Processes in Low‐Fidelity Radial Flow Model Using a Mathematical Representation of the Variation of Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity With Depth
Authors: Mansour Majdi , Christelis Vasileios , Upton Kirsty , Hughes Andrew
Published: December 2024

Numerical groundwater models are key tools to calculate the deployable output from pumped boreholes. Their calibration requires undertaking multiple runs to optimise the parameter values. To maintain computational efficiency, the hydrogeological complexity of fractured and weathered aquifers is often represented in numerical models using a simplified approach consisting of a mathematical equation that describes the vertical variation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity () value with depth. In this article, we present the inclusion of the variation of the vertical hydraulic conductivity () with depth to a radial flow model. We derive the mathematical equation controlling the flow vertically between the numerical nodes. We show that the inclusion of variation with depth have a limited impact on the shape of the time drawdown curve at the early times of a pumping test but its significance is higher at later times. This also has a measurable impact on the water level inside the pumped borehole especially when the variations of both and are accounted for. We use a simple linear variation of with depth but the method is also applicable to complex profile of aquifer heterogeneity if this complexity can be represented using polynomial approximation. This illustrates the applicability of the proposed method to a wide range of weathered aquifer settings.