bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear programming based gene expression model (LPM-GEM) predicts the carbon source for Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Thanamit Kulwadee , Hoerhold Franziska , Oswald Marcus , Koenig Rainer
Published: June 2022

Background

Elucidating cellular metabolism led to many breakthroughs in biotechnology, synthetic biology, and health sciences. To date, deriving metabolic fluxes by13C tracer experiments is the most prominent approach for studying metabolic fluxes quantitatively, often with high accuracy and precision. However, the technique has a high demand for experimental resources. Alternatively, flux balance analysis (FBA) has been employed to estimate metabolic fluxes without labeling experiments. It is less informative but can benefit from the low costs and low experimental efforts and gain flux estimates in experimentally difficult conditions. Methods to integrate relevant experimental data have been emerged to improve FBA flux estimations. Data from transcription profiling is often selected since it is easy to generate at the genome scale, typically embedded by a discretization of differential and non-differential expressed genes coding for the respective enzymes.

Result

We established the novel method Linear Programming based Gene Expression Model (LPM-GEM). LPM-GEM linearly embeds gene expression into FBA constraints. We implemented three strategies to reduce thermodynamically infeasible loops, which is a necessary prerequisite for such an omics-based model building. As a case study, we built a model ofB. subtilisgrown in eight different carbon sources. We obtained good flux predictions based on the respective transcription profiles when validating with13C tracer based metabolic flux data of the same conditions. We could well predict the specific carbon sources. When testing the model on another, unseen dataset that was not used during training, good prediction performance was also observed. Furthermore, LPM-GEM outperformed a well-established model building methods.

Conclusion

Employing LPM-GEM integrates gene expression data efficiently. The method supports gene expression-based FBA models and can be applied as an alternative to estimate metabolic fluxes when tracer experiments are inappropriate.
Alternative instrument for the evaluation of handgrip strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: de Souza Mariana Angélica , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi , da Silva Lizzi Elisângela Aparecida , Cezarani Ananda , de Queiroz Davoli Gabriela Barroso , Bená Marjory Irineu , da Rosa Sobreira Cláudia Ferreira , Mattiello-Sverzut Ana Claudia
Published: June 2022

Background

The commonly used dynamometers can be ineffective in evaluating handgrip in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), especially children with generalized muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the modified sphygmomanometer is an effective instrument for handgrip strength evaluation in patients with DMD, during different stages of the disease.

Method

The handgrip strength of 33 patients was evaluated by the Jamar dynamometer and the modified sphygmomanometer. Motor function was evaluated by the Motor Function Measurement (MFM) scale. Four evaluations, with a six-month interval between each, were performed: Evaluation 1 (N = 33), Evaluation 2 (N = 24), Evaluation 3 (N = 15), and Evaluation 4 (N = 8). A linear regression model with mixed effects was used for the longitudinal data and descriptive analysis of strength for all four evaluations.

Result

The first evaluation data presented very high correlations between the dynamometer and the modified sphygmomanometer (r = 0.977; p < 0.001). The longitudinal analysis showed a significant difference between Evaluation 1 and the other handgrip strength evaluations obtained using the dynamometer (p < 0.05) but not the modified sphygmomanometer (p > 0.05). Null values were obtained only when using the dynamometer device.

Conclusion

The modified sphygmomanometer seems to be more suitable than the dynamometer for measuring handgrip strength in all stages of DMD.
Validity of a three-item dating abuse victimization screening tool in a 11–21 year old sample
Authors: Rothman Emily F. , Campbell Julia K. , Hoch Ariel M. , Bair-Merritt Megan , Cuevas Carlos A. , Taylor Bruce , Mumford Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Dating abuse (DA) is prevalent and consequential, but no brief DA screening tools are available for use in pediatric or other settings. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the MARSHA-C, which is a three-item DA victimization screening tool.

Methods

The participants were 224 U.S. youth ages 11–21 years old (20% male, 77% female, 3% non-binary gender). Youth completed an online questionnaire about adolescent relationship abuse. The survey included the Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA), which is a comprehensive DA measurement instrument normed on a nationally representative sample. Of 34 DA victimization items from the MARSHA, the three most prevalent items were hypothesized to have good predictive validity of the full scale score as a brief, screening version (MARSHA-C). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the MARSHA-C to identify victims of DA was calculated.

Results

Using the MARSHA as the reference standard, the cutpoint of 1 on the MARSHA-C screening tool was identified as optimal. The MARSHA-C had a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 91%, and positive predictive value of 91%. Thus, for youth who endorse ≥ 1 MARSHA-C items, there is a 91% probability that they have experienced DA in the past year. Exploratory analyses by demographic subgroups suggest that the predictive validity of the MARSHA-C is approximately equivalent for females and males, younger and older adolescents, Asian, Black, Latinx, Multiracial and White youth, and heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth.

Conclusions

The MARSHA-C can be used to detect DA among 11–21-year-old youth via online surveys for research purposes, or in clinical care settings to facilitate proactive patient counseling or parent-oriented anticipatory guidance.
teen Mental Health First Aid: 12-month outcomes from a cluster crossover randomized controlled trial evaluation of a universal program to help adolescents better support peers with a mental health problem
Authors: Hart Laura M. , Morgan Amy J. , Rossetto Alyssia , Kelly Claire M. , Gregg Karen , Gross Maxine , Johnson Catherine , Jorm Anthony F.
Published: June 2022

Background

teen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) is a universal mental health literacy, stigma reduction, help-seeking, and suicide prevention program designed for adolescents in Years 10–12 of secondary school (16–18 years). tMHFA is delivered by trained instructors, in a regular classroom setting, to increase the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours that adolescents’ require to better support peers with mental health problems or mental health crises.

Methods

To explore the efficacy of tMHFA, a cluster crossover randomised controlled trial was conducted with Year 10 students in four schools in Victoria, Australia, using physical first aid training as the control intervention. Of the 1942 eligible students, 1,624 completed baseline and 894 completed follow-up surveys. Online surveys, administered one week before training and again 12-months later, included vignettes depicting peers John (depression and suicide risk) and Jeanie (social anxiety/phobia), measures of mental health first aid (quality of first aid intentions, confidence, first aid behaviours provided, and first aid behaviours received), mental health literacy (beliefs about adult help, help-seeking intentions), and stigma (social distance, weak-not-sick, dangerous/unpredictable, and would not tell anyone).

Results

The primary outcome—quality of first aid intentions towards the John vignette—showed statistically significant group x time interactions, with tMHFA students reporting more helpful and less unhelpful first aid intentions, than PFA students did over time. Confidence in providing first aid also showed significant interactions. First aid behaviours—both those provided to a peer with a mental health problem and those received from a peer—showed null results. Ratings of both beliefs about adult help and help-seeking intentions were found to be significantly improved among tMHFA students at follow-up. A group x time interaction was found on one stigma scale (would not tell anyone).

Conclusions

This trial showed that, one year after training, tMHFA improves first aid intentions towards peers with depression and suicide risk, confidence in helping peers with mental health problems, willingness to tell someone and seek help from an adult or health professional if experiencing a mental health problem.

Trial registration

This research was registered with Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry:ACTRN12614000061639.
Sleep and physical activity – the dynamics of bi-directional influences over a fortnight
Authors: Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Kahn Michal , Kuula Liisa , Korhonen Topi , Leinonen Leena , Martinmäki Kaisu , Gradisar Michael , Lipsanen Jari
Published: June 2022

Study objectives

The day-to-next day predictions between physical activity (PA) and sleep are not well known, although they are crucial for advancing public health by delivering valid sleep and physical activity recommendations. We used Big Data to examine cross-lagged time-series of sleep and PA over 14 days and nights.

Methods

Bi-directional cross-lagged autoregressive pathways over 153,154 days and nights from 12,638 Polar watch users aged 18–60 years (M = 40.1 SD = 10.1; 44.5% female) were analyzed with cross-lagged panel data modeling (RI-CPL). We tested the effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) vs. high intensity PA (vigorous, VPA) on sleep duration and quality, and vice versa.

Results

Within-subject results showed that more minutes spent in VPA the previous day was associated with shorter sleep duration the next night, whereas no effect was observed for MVPA. Longer sleep duration the previous night was associated with less MVPA but more VPA the next day. Neither MVPA nor VPA were associated with subsequent night’s sleep quality, but better quality of sleep predicted more MVPA and VPA the next day.

Conclusions

Sleep duration and PA are bi-directionally linked, but only for vigorous physical activity. More time spent in VPA shortens sleep the next night, yet longer sleep duration increases VPA the next day. The results imply that a 24-h framing for the interrelations of sleep and physical activity is not sufficient – the dynamics can even extend beyond, and are activated specifically for the links between sleep duration and vigorous activity. The results challenge the view that sleep quality can be improved by increasing the amount of PA. Yet, better sleep quality can result in more PA the next day.
Diagnostic value of a new cryoprobe for peripheral pulmonary lesions: a prospective study
Authors: Tanaka Midori , Matsumoto Yuji , Imabayashi Tatsuya , Kawahara Takuya , Tsuchida Takaaki
Published: June 2022

Background

Cryobiopsy is an established technique that yields larger and higher-quality samples than does a forceps biopsy. However, it remains underutilised in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), mainly because of difficulties in handling conventional cryoprobes. A recently introduced single-use cryoprobe with a smaller diameter and more flexibility than conventional ones may improve its diagnostic ability for PPLs. We conducted this prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of transbronchial cryobiopsy in the diagnoses of PPLs, using a new 1.7-mm cryoprobe.

Methods

The study included patients with PPLs less than 30 mm in diameter scheduled to undergo bronchoscopy. All the procedures were performed using a combination of virtual bronchoscopic navigation, radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) and X-ray fluoroscopy, and all the samples were collected using the cryoprobe alone. Thereafter, we assessed the diagnostic outcomes and safety profiles.

Results

A total of 50 patients were enrolled and underwent cryobiopsy. The median lesion size was 20.8 mm (range, 8.2–29.6 mm), and the negative bronchus sign was seen in 34% of lesions. The diagnostic yield was 94% (95% confidence interval, 83.5–98.8%). A positive bronchus sign had a significantly higher diagnostic yield than did a negative bronchus sign (100% vs. 82.4%; P = 0.035). The yield was achieved regardless of other variables, including lesion size, location, and R-EBUS findings. The major complications were mild and moderate bleeding in 28% and 62% of patients, respectively. Pneumothorax was identified in one patient.

Conclusion

Transbronchial cryobiopsy using the new 1.7-mm cryoprobe is a feasible procedure that has the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy for PPLs.

Trial registration

Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCT1032200065. Registered July 8 2020, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT1032200065
Prioritising child health and maternity evidence-based interventions or service models: a stakeholder-driven process
Authors: Forbes Camilla , Morley Naomi , Liabo Kristin , Bjornstad Gretchen , Boult Heather , Ahmed Shafiq , Ciesla Kayley , Vafai Yassaman , Bridges Sally , Logan Stuart , Berry Vashti
Published: June 2022

Aim

A UK programme, led by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (https://www.nihr.ac.uk) and coordinated by Applied Research Collaborations (ARC), (https://www.nihr.ac.uk/explore-nihr/support/collaborating-in-applied-health-research.htm) aimed to identify and select evidence-based, implementation-ready service innovations for evaluation. The programme focused on seven areas of health provision. We report on a prioritisation process designed to identify and assess innovations in one of these areas: child and maternal health (CH&M).

Methods

We developed a three-stage, online, stakeholder driven process to 1) identify, 2) assess and prioritise and 3) select evidence-based interventions or service models, using crowdsourcing to identify projects and the APEASE criteria to assess and select projects. A brief evidence review was conducted for all initial suggestions to identify those with the largest evidence-base to take forward for ranking by stakeholders. Stakeholder workshops considered and ranked these suggestions using the APEASE criteria. We then conducted in-depth evidence reviews for the highest ranked suggestions. The Project Management Group and Advisory Board used these reviews and the APEASE criteria to select the final projects.

Results

We received 32 initial suggestions from a range of clinicians, practitioners and researchers. Fourteen of the most evidence-based suggestions were considered and ranked at four themed stakeholder workshops. Nine suggestions were ranked for further in-depth evidence review and a final four projects were selected for implementation evaluation using the APEASE criteria. These were: 1. Maternal Mental Health Services Multidisciplinary Teams 2. Early years tooth brushing programme 3. Trauma-focused CBT for young people in care and 4. Independent Domestic Violence Advisors in maternity settings. Feedback from participants suggested that having public representatives participating in all stakeholder meetings, rather than being consulted separately, focused discussions clearly on patient benefit rather than research aims.

Conclusions

The stakeholder-driven process achieved its aim of identifying, prioritising and assessing and selecting, evidence-based projects for wider implementation and evaluation. The concurrent process could be adapted by other researchers or policy makers.
Selecting intervention content to target barriers and enablers of recognition and response to deteriorating patients: an online nominal group study
Authors: Smith Duncan , Cartwright Martin , Dyson Judith , Hartin Jillian , Aitken Leanne M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients who deteriorate in hospital wards without appropriate recognition and/or response are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Track-and-trigger tools have been implemented internationally prompting healthcare practitioners (typically nursing staff) to recognise physiological changes (e.g. changes in blood pressure, heart rate) consistent with patient deterioration, and then to contact a practitioner with expertise in management of acute/critical illness. Despite some evidence these tools improve patient outcomes, their translation into clinical practice is inconsistent internationally. To drive greater guideline adherence in the use of the National Early Warning Score tool (a track-and-trigger tool used widely in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe), a theoretically informed implementation intervention was developed (targeting nursing staff) using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) version 2 and a taxonomy of Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs).

Methods

A three-stage process was followed: 1. TDF domains representing important barriers and enablers to target behaviours derived from earlier published empirical work were mapped to appropriate BCTs; 2. BCTs were shortlisted using consensus approaches within the research team; 3. shortlisted BCTs were presented to relevant stakeholders in two online group discussions where nominal group techniques were applied. Nominal group participants were healthcare leaders, senior clinicians, and ward-based nursing staff. Stakeholders individually generated concrete strategies for operationalising shortlisted BCTs (‘applications’) and privately ranked them according to acceptability and feasibility. Ranking data were used to drive decision-making about intervention content.

Results

Fifty BCTs (mapped in stage 1) were shortlisted to 14 (stage 2) and presented to stakeholders in nominal groups (stage 3) alongside example applications. Informed by ranking data from nominal groups, the intervention was populated with 12 BCTs that will be delivered face-to-face, to individuals and groups of nursing staff, through 18 applications.

Conclusions

A description of a theory-based behaviour change intervention is reported, populated with BCTs and applications generated and/or prioritised by stakeholders using replicable consensus methods. The feasibility of the proposed intervention should be tested in a clinical setting and the content of the intervention elaborated further to permit replication and evaluation.
Retention and loss of PIT tags and surgically implanted devices in the Eurasian beaver
Authors: Mayer Martin , Lian Marianne , Fuchs Boris , Robstad Christian A. , Evans Alina L. , Perrin Kathryn L. , Greunz Eva M. , Laske Timothy G. , Arnemo Jon M. , Rosell Frank
Published: June 2022

Background

Passive integrated transponder devices (PIT tags) are a valuable tool for individual identification of animals. Similarly, the surgical implantation of transmitters and bio-loggers can provide useful data on animal location, physiology and behavior. However, to avoid unnecessary recapture and related stress of study animals, PIT tags and bio-loggers should function reliably for long periods of time. Here, we evaluated the retention of PIT tags, and of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and bio-loggers that were either implanted subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber).

Results

Over a 21-year period, we implanted PIT tags in 456 individuals and failed to detect a PIT tag at recapture in 30 cases, consisting of 26 individuals (6% of individuals). In all instances, we were still able to identify the individual due to the presence of unique ear tag numbers and tail scars. Moreover, we implanted 6 VHFs, 36 body temperature loggers and 21 heart rate loggers in 28 individuals, and experienced frequent loss of temperature loggers (at least 6 of 23 recaptured beavers) and heart rate loggers (10 of 18 recaptured beavers). No VHFs were lost in 2 recaptured beavers.

Conclusions

Possible causes for PIT tag loss (or non-detection) were incorrect implantation, migration of the tag within the body, a foreign body reaction leading to ejection, or malfunctioning of the tag. We speculate that logger loss was related to a foreign body reaction, and that loggers were either rejected through the incision wound or, in the case of temperature loggers, possibly adhered and encapsulated to intestines, and then engulfed by the gastro-intestinal tract and ejected. We discuss animal welfare implications and give recommendations for future studies implanting bio-loggers into wildlife.
Knowledge and willingness of parents towards child girl HPV vaccination in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret , Liyeh Tewachew Muche , Ayele Alemu Degu , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana , Yimer Tigist Seid , Miskr Agernesh Dereje
Published: June 2022

Background

Cervical cancer is currently the second-leading cause of cancer death among women in Ethiopia. Vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an effective primary prevention strategy for HPV-related illnesses. The knowledge and willingness of parents toward the HPV vaccine are crucial to increasing the uptake of the vaccine. The vaccine's acceptance by children and young adolescents is dependent on parental consent. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, willingness, and associated factors of the human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of girls aged 9–14 years at Debre Tabor Town.

Method

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among participants from December 10, 2020, to January 15, 2021. A simple random sample technique was used to include 638 participants. A structured face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered and analyzed using Epi-Data and SPSS software, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the association. The Odds Ratio (OR), 95% CI, and p-values less than 0.05 were used to determine the statistical association.

Results

Thirty-five percent (35.4%, 95% CI = 31.4%, 38.8%) and 44.8% (95% CI = 40.40%, 48.67%) of participants were knowledgeable about HPV vaccination and willing to get it, respectively. Being government employees (AOR = 5.46, 95% CI = 2.42, 9.34), and having a family history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.72) were significantly associated with knowledge of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. Participants’ age (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.87), secondary education and above (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.74), fear of HPV infection (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.21, 4.32), and having good knowledge of the HPV vaccine (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.21, 4.93) were significantly associated with willingness to receive the HPV vaccine.

Conclusion and recommendation

The knowledge and willingness of parents toward the HPV vaccine were low. Then, health officials should boost HPV vaccination promotion through public media. In schools, churches, mosques, and health facilities, health extension workers and health professionals provide information about the HPV vaccine for the parents. Mixed quantitative and qualitative studies are preferable for future research to address “why” issues.
So, and if it is not congenital adrenal hyperplasia? Addressing an undiagnosed case of genital ambiguity
Authors: de Omena Filho Reinaldo Luna , Petroli Reginaldo José , Soardi Fernanda Caroline , de Paula Michelatto Débora , Mazzola Taís Nitsch , Fabbri-Scallet Helena , de Mello Maricilda Palandi , Zanotti Susane Vasconcelos , Gubert Ida Cristina , Monlleo Isabella
Published: June 2022

Background

The Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of genital ambiguity in persons with XX sexual chromosomes. Genital ambiguity among persons with XY sexual chromosomes comprises diverse and rare etiologies. The deficiency of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 enzyme (HSD17B3) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to functionally altered variants of the HSD17B3 gene. In this disorder/difference of sex development, the conversion of androstenedione into testosterone is impaired. The appearance of external genitalia of 46,XY individuals varies from typically male to almost female.

Case presentation

We report on a child presenting severe ambiguous genitalia. Due to access constraints, specialized care did not start until the child was 10 months old. Parents are consanguineous and were born in an area of high isonymy that is a cluster for rare recessive diseases. A new homozygous missense variant c.785G > T was found in exon 10 of the HSD17B3 gene.

Conclusions

Researchers-clinicians and researchers-researchers collaborative efforts to elucidate the genetic basis of this disease were critical since this etiologic investigation is not available through the public health system. This case exemplifies the families’ pilgrimage in cases of genital ambiguity due to a rare genetic condition. Recognizing the etiology was the baseline to provide information on prognosis and treatment options, and to shelter family and child doubts and hopes in order to better support their decisions.
It takes a village: perceptions of Winnipeg parents, students, teachers and school staff regarding the impact of food allergy on school-age students and their families
Authors: Ross Nancy , Dalke Sandra , Filuk Shauna , Kulbaba Bev , Marks Diane , St-Vincent Jo-Anne , Simons Elinor
Published: June 2022

Background

The entire school community contributes to the safety of students with food allergy. We sought to determine the food allergy perceptions and education needs of parents, students and school staff, with the goal of enhancing food allergy education in schools.

Methods

With ethics approval from the University of Manitoba and participating school divisions, elementary school principals emailed SurveyMonkey® Questionnaire Links to their parent/caregiver contact list and school staff. We compared anonymous responses of parents of children with and without food allergy, students with and without food allergy, and parents and school staff using chi-squared tests.

Results

Participants included 561 parents of school-age children (ages 7–12 years, 19% with food allergy), 61 students (23% with food allergy), and 203 school staff (62% teachers, 88% with experience managing food allergies in the classroom). Parents of children with and without food allergy considered food allergy when sending food to school (98% vs. 96%, p = 0.39). More parents of children with food allergy thought that greater information and awareness about food allergy was needed (74% vs. 44%, p < 0.0001). Students with food allergy were most interested (100%) in having other students learn not to bully and how to help during a reaction. Students without food allergy were most interested in learning how to prevent a reaction (70%). Fewer parents than school staff thought that food allergies in the classroom impacted teachers’ time (2.1% vs. 21%, p < 0.0001) and that teachers knew how to treat allergic reactions to foods (34% vs. 94%, p < 0.0001). More parents than school staff thought that banning foods from classrooms kept allergic students safe (65% vs. 34%, p = 0.006) and that having a Food Allergy Educator speak at school would be helpful (99% vs. 67%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Food allergy education is necessary for the entire school community and should include parents of school-aged children with and without food allergy, students with and without food allergy, and teachers and school staff. These members of the school community recognized their own and others’ needs for increased food allergy education and awareness in the school setting.
Engineering the reconstruction of Hawrān’s Ecclesiae during late antiquity: case of Julianos church in Umm el-Jimal, Jordan
Authors: Al Rabady Rama , Rababeh Shaher
Published: June 2022

This study challenges the stylistic-based classical prototype of the early Byzantine churches in the basaltic Hawrān region in the Middle East- the birthplace of Christianity and home to the world's most ancient Christian architecture and engineering ideologies. We focus on the engineering of the apsidal zone and its structural and architectural implications in relevance to the prototypical arcuated one. The instrumental case of Julianos Church in Umm el-Jimal provides an insight into the effect the local material and structural technique have on the formation of complex roofing structures for the apsidal zone. The detailed interpretation of the structural engineering reconstruction is coupled with historical research and digitally generated 2D and 3D reconstruction models. The findings indicate that the apsidal zone's engineering could have responded to Hawrān's unique material, structural techniques, and seismic measures. We finally compare the early twentieth-century scholars' stylistic-based interpretation of the apse roof to contemporary engineering-based reconstruction research based on historical evidence and contextual studies. Future researchers and conservators should consider a holistic approach that balances stylistic/engineering reconstruction processes carefully and numerically. The builders of Hawrān should have introduced novel engineering of their ecclesiastical architecture that differs from its 'classical' counterpart.
Environmental assessment in the prelaunch phase of Hayabusa2 for safety declaration of returned samples from the asteroid (162173) Ryugu: background monitoring and risk management during development of the sampler system
Authors: Sakamoto Kanako , Takano Yoshinori , Sawada Hirotaka , Okazaki Ryuji , Noguchi Takaaki , Uesugi Masayuki , Yano Hajime , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Tachibana Shogo ,   The Hayabusa2 Project Team
Published: June 2022

We report ground-based environmental assessments performed during development of the sampler system until the launch of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We conducted static monitoring of potential contaminants to assess the environmental cleanliness during (1) laboratory work performed throughout the development and manufacturing processes of the sampler devices, (2) installation of the sampler system on the spacecraft, and (3) transportation to the launch site at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA’s) Tanegashima Space Center. Major elements and ions detected in our inorganic analyses were sodium (Na), potassium (K), and ionized chloride (Cl–); those elements and ions were positively correlated with the total organic content and with exposure duration in the range from 101 to 103 nanograms per monitor coupon within an ~ 30-mm diameter scale. We confirmed that total deposits on the coupon were below the microgram-scale order during manufacturing, installation, and transportation in the prelaunch phase. The present assessment yields a nominal safety declaration for analysis of the pristine sample (> 5.4 g) returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu combined with a highly clean environmental background level. We expect that the sample returned from Ryugu by Hayabusa2 will be free of severe and/or unknown contamination and will allow us to provide native profiles recorded for the carbonaceous asteroid history.

Graphical Abstract
Mapping the landscape and structure of global research on nutrition and COVID-19: visualization analysis
Authors: Zyoud Sa’ed H. , Al-Jabi Samah W. , Koni Amer , Shakhshir Muna , Shahwan Moyad , Jairoun Ammar A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant influence on nutritional status. There have been several studies on dietary habits and nutritional status in connection with COVID-19. However, there has been no research on the bibliometric analysis of these papers. Therefore, our objective was to assess the most relevant scientific research on nutrition and COVID-19, as well as to assess current hot themes.

Methods

We obtained data from the Scopus database on June 30, 2021. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes were conducted based on the Scopus. Collaboration and term analysis was performed using VOSviewer software version 1.6.16.

Results

At the time of data collection, there were 177,946 documents in COVID-19. Scopus found 1885 articles related to nutrition and COVID-19 after narrowing the search to those terms. This includes 1309 (69.44%) research articles, 268 (14.22%) review papers, and 308 other types of document. The USA was the largest producer, with 24.83% of the documents, followed by Italy with 11.88% (n = 224), the UK with 10.82% (n = 204), and China with 7.59% (n = 143). The most active institution was Sapienza Università di Roma (n = 30, 1.59%). The leading journal in COVID-19 nutrition research was Nutrients (n = 115, 6.10%). The article with 310 citations published by Di Renzo et al. in 2020 was the most influential reference. The hot topics were stratified into three clusters: (1) “Food security in the COVID-19 pandemic”; (2) “nutritional determinants and COVID-19 outcomes”; and (3) “changes in dietary habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences”.

Conclusions

This is the first bibliometric research to offer comprehensive information on COVID-19 and nutrition in the published literature. Research will likely be helpful to scholars and policymakers. This study sheds light on the growth and development of nutrition and covid-19-related research and should contribute to the expansion of the global frontier in the major hot topics, including “food security in the COVID-19 pandemic”; “nutritional determinants and COVID-19 outcomes”; and “changes in diet habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences”.
Innovative Strategies for Developing Biomarker-Informed Cancer Clinical Trials to Accelerate Progress in Precision Oncology in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ntekim Atara , Olopade Olufunmilayo I.
Published: June 2022

Well-designed, pragmatic, patient-centered clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries are essential to drive approval of more effective and less toxic cancer medicines to address the rising burden of cancer among populations in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, through reverse innovation, clinical trials informed by genomic research enable development of precision medicine strategies for underserved populations within all populations. The African continent is home to many low- and middle-income countries; yet, it has seen very few cancer clinical trials. Considering that Africa is the cradle of humanity, with its diverse populations and geography, this represents a missed opportunity to understand the heterogeneity of cancer genomes and their implications for developmental therapeutics. Since 1998, the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study Group has striven to gain a better understanding of the root causes of breast cancer and accelerate progress in clinical research that will benefit the African ancestry diaspora globally through deployment of innovative “leapfrog” technologies. The University of Chicago supports interdisciplinary and interprofessional teams of researchers through the African Cancer Leaders Institute and in partnership with the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer. By fostering public–private partnerships, the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer can identify and integrate significant resources needed to build regional networks and establish clinical trial coordinating centers across African countries, enabling resources to be developed and shared equitably. Such resources include a standardized curriculum for specialist training in oncology, including medical oncology and oncology nursing, to increase the numbers of qualified team leaders and principal investigators. Adequate support for study participants—financial and psychosocial—and patient navigation services will be important in growing a clinical trials network. Finally, full participation of African clinical researchers in global oncology trials will ensure workforce retention in Africa and improve financial security and job satisfaction of health professionals on the African continent.
“Help, Given in a Disinterested Manner”
Authors: Shonk Kenneth L.
Published: June 2022

Documents contained in the Department of Foreign Affairs files in the National Archives of Ireland reveal that many global anticolonial nationalists visited Ireland in the 1950s and 1960s. These files elucidate efforts by nationalists from Africa and Asia to emulate Ireland’s nation-building frameworks including its constitution, housing and charitable programs, educational structures, and burgeoning industries. This article uses these documents to examine hitherto unstudied aspects of Ireland’s place within larger transnational intellectual networks. This paper adds greater nuance to Jean-François Bayart’s thesis of extraversion by demonstrating that African and Asian anticolonial nationalists consciously and explicitly looked to Ireland as a model for nation-building. Emerging nations in the 1950s and 1960s sent representatives to Ireland to study the nation’s economic and political frameworks, in turn offering a space for a dialogic experience in which the emulation of Ireland was extraversion in a positive sense.
Renegotiating Ireland, Transnational History, and Settler Colonialism in White Australia
Authors: Yan Jimmy H.
Published: June 2022

Efforts to transcend island histories in Irish historiography have predominantly centered a narration of white settler pasts as an outer boundary of Irish history. This article works through the disjunctions between differently situated transnational turns in Irish and Australian historiographies by interrogating metaphors of extension, including “Greater Ireland” in the former historiography. It proposes that to decenter the nation as a historical unit, transnational Irish history requires a critical tension with white settler, and not only Irish, methodological nationalisms. The article surveys the critical possibilities presented by the transnational turn in Irish historiography while questioning its limits, with attention to the paradigm of a transnational Irish revolution. It then flags possible directions for a closer dialogue between transnational Irish history and postnational historiographies of white settler colonialism. An unsettling of discrete historiographical boundaries remains a necessary condition for tracing histories of Ireland beyond, below, and outside the nation.
Apple and Ireland, 1980–2020
Authors: McCabe Conor
Published: June 2022

This article places the recent tax case concerning Apple Inc., Ireland, and the European Commission within its historical framework to reveal the very particular structural dynamics that exist between the Irish state and transnational capital. It proposes that these dynamics result not entirely from an industrial strategy adopted in the 1950s but instead from a deeper neocolonial economic relationship, itself part of a comprador capitalist system that is firmly embedded in key public and private institutions of the Irish state and socially reproduced through them. An understanding of this comprador dynamic and its ideological framework is essential to understanding why the Irish state protects tax avoidance above the interests of wider Irish society.
Rousseau's Toe
Authors: Stacey Jessica
Published: June 2022

This article suggests that we might find a new way to address two stubborn questions regarding Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions through a single shift in perspective. These two questions are: What can we make of the antipathy that readers often feel toward this text, in response to the narrator's demand for total empathetic identification? And, how can we draw out the text's queer potential? Versions of these two questions have been asked many times by critics, but always in the register of unveiling, unmasking, exposing. What if, rather than deconstructing or diagnosing, we take an explicitly reparative position toward the paranoia that the text models, and toward the queer encounters it records? This approach involves seeking empathy away from where the text directs us, giving Rousseau a version of what he wants while challenging his tyrannical program that sets out how we should read and relate. Far from attempting to restore to the narrator the coherence or wholeness that myriad suspicious reads have undermined, this reparative reading counsels approaching the text as fragmentary archive. In the process, early modern queer identities, surface versus depth, and the Confessions as foundational text for modern autobiography—and the modern self—are all reconsidered.
ABI transcription factors and PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE module mediate seed desiccation tolerance and longevity in Oryza sativa
Authors: Kamble Nitin Uttam , Majee Manoj
Published: June 2022

In contrast to desiccation-tolerant orthodox seeds, recalcitrant seeds are desiccation sensitive and are unable to survive for a prolonged time. Here, our analyses of Oryza species with contrasting seed desiccation tolerance reveals that PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT), an enzyme that repairs abnormal isoaspartyl (isoAsp) residues in proteins, acts as a key player that governs seed desiccation tolerance to orthodox seeds but is ineffective in recalcitrant seeds. We observe that, unlike the orthodox seed of Oryza sativa, desiccation intolerance of the recalcitrant seeds of Oryza coarctata are linked to reduced PIMT activity and increased isoAsp accumulation due to the lack of coordinated action of ABA and ABI transcription factors to upregulate PIMT during maturation. We show that suppression of PIMT reduces, and its overexpression increases, seed desiccation tolerance and seed longevity in O. sativa. Our analyses further reveal that the ABI transcription factors undergo isoAsp formation that affect their functional competence; however, PIMT interacts with and repairs isoAsp residues and facilitates their functions. Our results thus illustrate a new insight into the mechanisms of acquisition of seed desiccation tolerance and longevity by ABI transcription factors and the PIMT module.
What morphological MRI features enable differentiation of low-grade from high-grade soft tissue sarcoma?
Authors: Boudabbous Sana , Hamard Marion , Saiji Essia , Gorican Karel , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Becker Minerva , Neroladaki Angeliki
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To assess the diagnostic performance of morphological MRI features separately and in combination for distinguishing low- from high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS).

Methods and materials:

We retrospectively analysed pre-treatment MRI examinations with T1, T2 with and without fat suppression (FS) and contrast-enhanced T1 obtained in 64 patients with STS categorized histologically as low (n = 21) versus high grade (n = 43). Two musculoskeletal radiologists blinded to histology evaluated MRI features. Diagnostic performance was calculated for each reader and for MRI features showing significant association with histology (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a diagnostic model to identify high-grade STS.

Results:

Among all evaluated MRI features, only six features had adequate interobserver reproducibility (kappa>0.5). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association with tumour grade for lesion heterogeneity on FS images, intratumoural enhancement≥51% of tumour volume and peritumoural enhancement for both readers (p < 0.05). For both readers, the presence of each of the three features yielded odds ratios for high grade versus low grade from 4.4 to 9.1 (p < 0.05). The sum of the positive features for each reader independent of reader expertise yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) > 0.8. The presence of ≥2 positive features indicated a high risk for high-grade sarcoma, whereas ≤1 positive feature indicated a low-to-moderate risk

Conclusion:

A diagnostic MRI score based on tumour heterogeneity, intratumoural and peritumoural enhancement enables identification of lesions that are likely to be high-grade as opposed to low-grade STS.

Advances in knowledge:

Tumour heterogeneity in Fat Suppression sequence, intratumoural and peritumoural enhancement is identified as signs of high-grade sarcoma.
Some taxonomic notes on Horatia spp. of the Balkans with the designation of the neotype of Horatia knorri Schütt, 1961 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)
Authors: Glöer Peter , Mulaomerović Jasminko , Mitrović Biljana
Published: June 2022

The shell variation of Horatia klecakiana Bourguignat was studied based on large samples of at least 620 specimens from Bourguignat’s collection. To find the type locality Ribaric, we studied old maps of Bourguignat’s time and found that the valley of the Cetina river with the type locality of H. klecakiana had been flooded by lake Peruća in 1958. Horatia knorri Schütt is an enigmatic species because the holotype does not correspond to the original description. Thus we designate one of the depicted paratypes as the neotype.
L'apostrophe dans la poésie romantique française
Authors: Τσίγκα Ελένη
Published: June 2022

Στην διατριβή μελετάται η κλητική προσφώνηση στη Γαλλική ρομαντική ποίηση και πιο συγκεκριμένα σε ποιητικά έργα του Ουγκώ, Λαμαρτίν, Μισέ και Βινί. Ορίζεται και αναλύεται το φαινόμενο της κλητικής προσφώνησης και αναζητάται η σχέση του με το λυρισμό. Η κλητική προσφώνηση αποτελεί τροποποιητικό παράγοντα του ποιητικού κειμένου καθώς και βασικό στοιχείο της διακειμενικότητας του. Επιχειρείται μελέτη της επιρροής της κλητικής προσφώνησης στην εκφορά κι έκφραση του λόγου (énonciation) καθώς και της επίδρασης του λόγου στην κλητική προσφώνηση. Μέχρι της στιγμή της ολοκλήρωσης της παρούσας μελέτης, μία μόνο διατριβή εντοπίζεται σχετικά με την κλητική προσφώνηση σε κείμενα λατινικής λογοτεχνίας. Διαπιστώνεται λοιπόν ένα κενό στην μέχρι τώρα βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με την ολιστική μελέτη του φαινομένου αυτού. Εφαρμόζεται μια προσέγγιση πολυμεθοδολογικής και διεπιστημονικής μελέτης προκειμένου να αποκαλυφθούν όλες οι πτυχές του φαινομένου και της σχέσης του με το κείμενο (texte) και το πάρα-κειμενο (para-texte). Η μεθοδολογία βασίζεται στις θεωρίες της εκφοράς του λόγου, στις πραγματολογικές, σημειολογικές και υφολογικές θεωρίες, καθώς και στην γραμματικο-συντακτική ανάλυση. Διαπιστώνεται ότι η κλητική προσφώνηση καταλήγει να ταυτίζεται πολλές φορές με τη ρομαντική ποίηση και να επηρεάζει την εκφορά του ποιητικού λόγου, δημιουργώντας εναν συνομιλητή (allocutaire) που στην πραγματικότητα δεν υπάρχει. Η κλητική προσφώνηση μέσα στη ρομαντική ποίηση μπορεί να απευθύνεται ακόμα και στην ίδια την ποίηση. Με αυτό τον τρόπο αναγγέλεται μια μετα-ποιητικότητα (métapoétique) δημιουργώντας μια μετα-μεταεκφώνηση (méta-métaénonciation). Οι Γάλλοι ρομαντικοί ποιητές απευθύνονται συχνά ο ένας στον άλλο χρησιμοποιώντας την κλητική προσφώνηση μέσα στα ποιήματά τους, πράγμα που παραπέμπει σε μια καινοτόμα και παραγωγική διακειμενικότητα. Η κλητική προσφώνηση διαθέτει επίσης και μια παραλεκτική δύναμη (pouvoir illocutoire) που γεννά πράξεις λόγου (actes de parole). Σε αυτή τη περίπτωση γίνεται λόγος για την επιτελεστικότητα (perfrormativité) της κλητικής προσφώνησης. Παρόλαυτά, κάθε προσπάθεια σύνθεσης όλων των πτυχών και ρόλων της κλητικής προσφώνησης μοιάζει ουτοπική, κυρίως διότι ο αναγνώστης την αντιλαμβάνεται και την εντοπίζει σχετικά εύκολα μέσα στο κείμενο, αλλα δύσκολα κατανοεί πλήρως τον παραγωγικό και ερμηνευτικό της χαρακτήρα. Σε αυτή την περίπτωση γίνεται λόγος για την αμηχανιά (embarras) του αναγνώστη απέναντι σε αυτό το φαινόμενο. Τέλος, η παρούσα διατριβή συντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο των γραμματολογικών, λογοτεχνικών, πραγματολογικών, σημειολογικών και υφολογικών ερευνών, αποτελώντας προάγγελο μιας μεθοδολογικής ανάλυσης που θα μπορούσε να εφαρμοστεί και σε άλλα ποιητικά κινήματα.