bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ReThinking clinical reasoning: A paradigm shift
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Monteiro Sandra , Keuhl Amy , Lee Mark
Published: November 2024

Numerous studies have demonstrated that our healthcare systems and medical education programs are fundamentally flawed. In North America and Europe, most systems were built upon values and structures that have historically benefitted middle and upper class males of European descent in the global north. As a result, there continue to be systemic biases that are pervasive throughout our healthcare systems and medical education programs. This has led to inequities in health outcomes and clinical reasoning practices which marginalize several communities. These biases are perpetuated as we continue to lead medical education research and practice with traditional values and views of evidence. To address these issues, we proposed a 'flipped' conference in which three interdisciplinary writing teams, comprised of both junior and senior academics, clinicians, and researchers, were invited to rethink the foundations of clinical reasoning. In the months leading up to the conference, each writing team explored a specific topic related to clinical reasoning and racial equity. The papers, presented during the virtual conference are now available in this issue of the Journal for the Evaluation of Clinical Practice. In addition, 6 more publications were added to this special topic to showcase new evidence and theory that builds on the recommendations in the three core papers.
Prompting Paramedics: The Effect of Simulation on Paramedics’ Identification of Learning Objectives
Authors: Hernandez Jeremy , Jeong Eric S , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Simulation has emerged as a useful educational tool for the continued training of paramedics. Practicing paramedics are thought to learn through reflecting on their own actions in practice, and it is hoped that simulation could spur similar reflection, which could then lead to practice change. Despite this, there is limited data on how these practitioners use simulated experiences to set learning objectives. This study aimed to explore how simulation training affects self-identification of learning objectives in emergency medical services (EMS) providers (a.k.a. paramedics).

Methods: Paramedics (primary care and advanced care) participated in a 30-minute simulated learning session. All participants filled out pre-post surveys identifying their own learning objectives immediately before and after the simulation. An inductive qualitative analysis of these responses were conducted by two authors (EJ, TC) using an interpretive description approach, yielding a list of key themes commonly found in the learning objectives. Pre-post learning objectives were individually compared by the level of specificity as determined by the authorship team. Simple descriptive statistics were generated to describe the number of times that the paramedics’ learning objectives became more or less specific, different, or same.

Results: Thirty-five paramedics who completed the simulation and survey were included. Four major themes emerged in the learning objectives: 1) assessment and diagnostic; 2) communication and collaboration; 3) integration of knowledge; and 4) treatment and management. After simulation, the learning objectives became more specific in 6 (17.1%), less specific in 3 (8.6%), different in 22 (62.9%), and remained same in 4 (11.4%).

Conclusion: Simulation training shows promise in refining perceived learning needs. The results from this study offer insight into paramedics’ self-identification of learning objectives and gaps pre-post simulation experiences. Understanding the underlying psychology of paramedics participating in simulation may help educators better understand how to guide reflection and continuous improvement.
The Effectiveness of Implementing Task-Based Language Teaching in Saudi Secondary Schools to Improve Students' Oral Fluency
Authors: Alshahrani Afnan , Saud Wafa
Published: November 2024

This research project investigated the effectiveness of implementing Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) in enhancing the oral fluency of Saudi secondary school students. The study aimed to assess whether a structured TBLT approach could lead to significant improvements in oral fluency among female students nearing the end of high school. The research utilized a sample of 60 female students from secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. The methodology employed a pre/post-test design, where students' oral fluency was assessed before and after the intervention. A series of tasks designed to promote speaking proficiency were implemented over a period of several weeks. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to gauge students' perceptions of the TBLT approach. The results indicated a notable improvement in the oral fluency skills of participants following the implementation of TBLT (p < 0.05). Specifically, students demonstrated increased confidence in speaking, enhanced vocabulary usage, and improved pronunciation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Task-based Language Teaching can be an effective method for enhancing oral fluency among Saudi secondary school students. The study underscores the potential benefits of incorporating communicative language teaching approaches into the curriculum to better prepare students for real-life communication situations. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the long-term impact of TBLT implementation.
Gök Cisimleriyle İlgili Ayetleri İslam Öncesi Arap Kültür ve İnançları Çerçevesinde Okumak
Authors: Adıgüzel Abdulcabbar
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada, Kur’an’da yer alan gök cisimlerini konu edinen ayetler, İslam öncesi Arap kültür ve inançları çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Kur’an’da gökyüzü, gök cisimleri ve gök olayları ile ilgili çok sayıda ayet bulunması, bu olguların vahyin nazil olduğu dönemde muhatap kitlede önemli bir karşılığı olup olmadığı sorununu beraberinde getirmektedir. Kur’an’ın astronomi ve meteoroloji alanlarına dair bilimsel malumat vermek gibi bir hedefinin olmamasına rağmen bazı gök unsurlarına sıklıkla yer vermesi, gökyüzüyle ilgili ayetleri dönemin inanç ve kültür yapısı açısından incelemeyi önemli ve gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmada, Cahiliye Araplarında gök cisimleriyle ilgili genel durumun tespiti, kısa tasviri ve ayetlerin nazil olduğu tarihî zeminin tasvir edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Nüzul vasatındaki muhatapların tanrı ve âlem tasavvurunu teşkil eden kozmoloji anlayışı ve inanç sistemleri ile ayetler arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu açıdan çalışma, Kur’an’da şems, ḳamer, şi‘rā, necm/nucūm, kevkeb/kevākib, burūc, şihāb, meṣābīḥ, felek vb. kelimelerin yer aldığı ayetlerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Bununla birlikte muġayyebāt-ı ḫams ve yağmur konusuna değinen bazı ayetler, Cahiliye döneminde yıldız kültüne dair bilgi içermesi ve kâhinlerin yıldızlarla ilgili inançları istismarı sebebiyle konu kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Kur’an’da yer alan bir meselenin anlaşılabilmesi, ekseriya ayetlerin nazil olduğu dönem itibariyle mütekellim-muhatap ve kelam arasındaki ilişkiye dayalıdır. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda gök cisimleriyle ilgili ayetler, muhatap kitlenin içerisinde bulunduğu kültürel zemin ile Kur’an’ın temel hedef ve söylemleri merkeze alınarak genel bir bütünlük içerisinde sunulmuştur. Muhatapların ayetleri nasıl anlamış olabileceğini ifade etmek üzere İslam öncesi gök cisimleriyle ilgili inançlara dair Cahiliye örf, âdet ve geleneklerine yer verilmiş ve konu, ayetlerin bu zeminle irtibatı kurularak kısa malumatlar sunacak şekilde işlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla çalışma, klasik bir tefsir araştırmasından ziyade, envāʾ literatürü başta olmak üzere Cahiliye şiiri, hadis, tarih ve siyer kitâbiyâtının sağladığı bilgilerden hareketle gök cisimleriyle ilgili ayetlerin nazil olduğu zemine dair kapsamlı bir yaklaşımı temsil etmektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, gök cisimleriyle ilgili ayetlerde Kur’an’ın, genel olarak Cahiliye döneminin politeist ve astrolojik inanışlarını tevhid inancı doğrultusunda tashih ve dönüştürme hedefi taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır.
40 años transformando la educación
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Guevara-Toledo Carlos Wilfrido , Vélez-Calvo Ximena ,   Universidad del Azuay, Célleri Gomezcoello Ambar ,   Universidad del Azuay, Rodas-Reinbach Diana Lee ,   Universidad del Azuay, Eljuri-Jaramillo Gabriela ,   Universidad del Azuay, Avecillas-Almeida Julia ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: November 2024

Profesores visionarios como Claudio Malo, Mario Jaramillo, Emperatriz Medina y Adriana Miño, entre otros, impulsaron para que, en la Sesión del Consejo Universitario de la Pontificia Universidad Católica, Sede Cuenca, hoy Universidad del Azuay, del seis de agosto de 1984, se resuelva crear la Carrera de Educación Especial, convirtiéndose así en la segunda Carrera con esta especialidad en el país.
Durante estos 40 años muchos han sido los colegas que, con su comprometida labor, han aportado para que podamos transformar la educación y celebrar este año jubilar. Como un justo homenaje queremos dejar impreso este libro: “40 Años transformando la Educación”
120 páginas
ISBN: 978-9942-670-52-6
e-ISBN: 978-9942-670-53-3
Tío raposo y tío conejo
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Martínez-Donoso Paula
Published: November 2024

El borde del cuenco se enrosca en una espiral verde, como una línea dibujada que evoca la cuerda que ata la red en el cedazo de crin. Tres pájaros de picos curvos anidan entre delicadas flores, como si protegieran un campo en peligro. Esta pieza de cerámica nació de las manos de Don Pompilio hace décadas; se coció en el pequeño horno de cúpula redondeada, calentado con los restos de palos abandonados en el monte, donde el artesano pastaba su ganado mientras, junto a su mujer, cuidaba la chacra. Era común volverse ante el sutil crujido de ramas rotas bajo el paso de algún animal del monte. En un atisbo de plumas tornasoladas, vieron los pájaros que más tarde se plasmarían en el cuenco, hecho con sus manos.
A veces, llegaban el Tío Raposo y el Tío Conejo, y entonces el alboroto provocaba la huida de bichos de todas clases. Hoy sabemos que estos dos personajes hablaban y se metían en mil aventuras disparatadas, cuyos relatos penetraban la memoria de
generaciones, hasta perderse en el tiempo.
Cerca de estas historias, alguien recogió fragmentos de sus vidas. Al moverse por las lomas, la gente cambiaba, envejecía o descubría tesoros fascinantes, inasibles y añorados. Paula, recuerda. Descubre. Vive. Atrapa esas historias. Crea, escribe y dibuja. Las comparte con nosotros, permitiéndonos viajar a través de la memoria para revelarnos a Tío Raposo y Tío Conejo en este su mirada.
28 páginas
ISBN: 978-9942-670-49-6
e- ISBN: 978-9942-670-50-2
Wintering strategies of two king penguin populations of the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Brisson-Curadeau É , Nalivaev A , d’Ovidio F , Delord K , Elliott K , Bost CA
Published: November 2024

The king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus is an important model species of the Southern Ocean. While there is extensive knowledge on the foraging movement of this species during the summer in the early chick-provisioning period, little information is available for the winter period. To fill this gap, we tracked 13 individuals during the winter from 2 neighboring populations of the Southern Indian Ocean, namely the Kerguelen and the Crozet Archipelagos, and examined penguin locations with respect to remote sensing data. Tracked penguins from Kerguelen mostly headed east of the archipelago, while those from Crozet islands headed southwest. This resulted in contrasting latitudes used between the 2 wintering locations. The different directions taken possibly result from the distinct oceanic features around the 2 islands: at Kerguelen, extensive spring blooms transported east of the island might sustain prey well until the winter, offering favorable conditions for penguins. At Crozet, blooms are reduced in intensity and penguins might instead head south to benefit from the better foraging conditions near the sea ice. Such distinct foraging distributions relative to the 2 archipelagos are consistent with the at-sea distribution of other penguin species (e.g. Eudyptes spp.) breeding in the same localities. We highlight 2 distinct winter foraging strategies in neighboring king penguin populations, shaped by the contrasting oceanographic conditions surrounding their breeding sites.
Changes in post- and pre-capture escape ability over development in juvenile Japanese eels
Authors: Hasegawa Y , Mine K , Fukuda N , Yokouchi K , Kawabata Y
Published: November 2024

Predation is one of the major forces driving the evolution of defensive tactics in prey. Recently, post-capture active escape behaviors of different prey animals from the predator’s digestive tract have been reported. However, no studies have yet examined when these escape behaviors are developed through the ontogeny of the prey. This study examined the ontogenetic change in a unique defensive tactic of juvenile Japanese eels Anguilla japonica in which they escape via the predator’s gills after being captured. We used A. japonica ranging in stage from pre-settlement glass eels to post-settlement yellow eels (based on their habitat change from tidal estuaries to freshwater rivers). The results indicated that individuals in the 2 earliest stages of glass eels (stages VIA0 and VIA1) never escaped after being captured, while 28.1% of individuals after the middle glass eel stages (VIA2 and later stages) escaped via the predator’s gill. The ontogenetic timing of the development of escape ability coincides with when eels settle into benthic riverine and estuarine habitats as suggested by previous studies. Additionally, the pre-capture attack avoidance ability of Japanese eels improved rapidly with growth in the subsequent elver and yellow eel stages. These results suggest that the unique post-capture defensive tactic of eels may be particularly important during the vulnerable period around the settlement phase when they are less capable of avoiding predator attacks. Our study offers valuable insights into the behavioral ecology and conservation of anguillid eels, which have faced considerable population declines.
The possibilities of neurocognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia
Authors: Vargas M.L.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a severely disability causing syndrome, what tend to chronically alter living project of great number of young people and its families. It is affected multiple cognitive functions, as executive capacity, explicit memory, working memory or perceptive integration. In the last years, neurocognitive rehabilitation techniques of this functions coming from the experience with brain damage patients has been applied to schizophrenia. DEVELOPMENT. Present work revised: a) cognitive deficits that can be considered as nuclear in the genesis of schizophrenia symptoms and b) recovery or substitution strategies of that deficits, that can be generalized to a better psychosocial functioning of the patient. It is proposed that attention control deficit (ACD), defined as the inadequate assignation of attention recourses during cognitive processing, results in attention processing of redundant information and a lack of attention recourses to process new information. Some explaining models are presented for subjective and perceptive symptoms, language disorders and executive disorders in schizophrenia. Possibilities of neurocognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia are discussed, especially by the utilisation of implicit learning methods, that don’t need attention processing. Some recommendations are made for the implementation of cognitive rehabilitation in the general framework of psychosocial and occupational rehabilitation.
The serine proteases and their function in neuronal death processes
Authors: Jordán J. , Ceña V. , Galindo M.F. , Fuster-Lluch O.
Published: November 2024

AIMS. In this review we analyse the role played by the serine proteases in the nervous system and we focus on the role they play in degenerative processes. DEVELOPMENT. These proteolytic enzymes, together with the caspases, play a vital role in the processes regulating cell functioning, both in the development stages and following the response to a harmful stimulus. This family of proteases includes the granzymes and thrombin (TR). The former, which are closely related to proteases I and II and cathepsin G, are situated in the cytoplasmic granules of the activated T lymphocytes, together with other proteins such as perforin or cytolysin. Granzymes A and B are linked to degenerative processes. These enter the target cells thanks to the action of perforin and once inside they are translocated to the nucleus. Granzyme A has been isolated and identified as the agent responsible for the immediate and complete retraction of neurites in different models. Its physiological substrates include fibronectin, type IV collagen and the proteoglycans. Granzyme B is characterised by its being a cysteine protease with substrates such as prointerleukin 1 beta, TR receptor and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The family of TR-type proteases includes proteases such as TR itself, plasmin, kallikrein, urokinase plasminogen activator and tissue plasminogen activator. TR is considered to be an early modulator in damaged tissues which acts as an extracellular signal of death, leading to the activation of intracellular mechanisms that appear to be mediated by calcium. Serine protease activity is regulated by endogenous inhibitors, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor, protease nexin-1 and neuroserpin. CONCLUSIONS Upsets in the protease-inhibitor balance are crucial in the processes involved in the neuronal plasticity and death induced by ischemia in the brain and by excitotoxins.
Quantitative electroencephalography features and cognitive impairment in alcoholic patients
Authors: Quesada-Martínez M.E. de , Díaz-Pérez G.F. , Herrera-Ramos A. , Tamayo-Porras M. , Rubio-López R.
Published: November 2024

AIM To determine the exact relation between the characteristics of quantitative electroencephalogram analyses and the estimators of the cognitive status in alcoholic patients undergoing withdrawal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study examined 49 patients diagnosed with alcoholism (DSM-IV) after 10 days of withdrawal, as well as the correlation between the bandwidth measures from the quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis and the characteristics of the visual and auditory cognitive evoked potentials (P300) and from the findings of the attention and memory tests. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups: group one, which displayed an overall increase in the delta and theta absolute powers with frontal predominance, and group two, with reduced delta and theta absolute powers. Latency of the P300 wave was delayed in patients, particularly in those in group one, but regional absence of the P300 wave was more frequent in group two. Results of attention and memory tests were abnormal in patients, especially those in group one. CONCLUSIONS The findings in the two groups appear to reflect different stages in the progression of alcoholism: the first only involved cortical dysfunction due to metabolic causes and the second possibly had added cortical atrophy. They might also represent two types of biological response by their nervous systems to the same pathogenic agent. These findings suggest that it is advisable to conduct follow-up studies involving qEEG, cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in this kind of patient.
Object and action naming in a sentence context in people with Parkinson's disease free of dementia
Authors: Muñoz-Salgado M , Del Río D
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Difficulties in action language processing (e.g. verbs) have been described in Parkinson's disease (PD). The embodied cognition approach links this difficulty to degenerative motor process. It has also been suggested that frontostriatal dysfunction could involve executive problems for lexical selection, which is generally more demanding for verbs. From this point of view, difficulties should diminish in a supportive context. Subjects and methods: 21 non demented people with PD and 16 control subjects were evaluated in an object and action naming task preceded by a sentence context that could be predictive or not of the target word (e.g. 'When the music started the couple began to…' 'dance'). The mobility of actions and the manipulability of objects were also manipulated. Results: PD patients showed longer response latencies for verbs than the control group. In line with the embodied cognition approach, actions that implied higher mobility were more difficult for the group of people with PD. Moreover, PD patients benefited more from the predictive context for naming objects and actions. Conclusions: Results suggest that both a disruption at the level of action semantics and a subtle executive dysfunction contribute to lexical access difficulties in people with PD, even in the absence of overt cognitive impairment.
Structural changes to the brain in drug-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Sánchez-Zapata P , Zapata-Berruecos J F , Peláez-Sánchez R G
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The aim of this research is to determine the changes in brain structures, both cortical and subcortical, in patients with drug-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), in order to contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of the drug-resistant syndrome and to offer possible answers and hypotheses for further studies and more adequate treatments. Subjects and methods: Observational case-control study. A convenience sample size of four cases and 16 healthy controls was defined to ensure the feasibility of the project (ratio of 4:1). The data collected for patients with drug-resistant JME came from 1.5T MRI equipment. FreeSurfer software was used to determine cortical and subcortical areas in both drug-resistant JME patients and healthy controls. Results: A total of 20 participants were included in the study, of whom four (20%) were drug-resistant JME patients and 16% (80%) were healthy controls. The clusters with statistically significant differences in cortical thickness are located in the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, medial temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, predominantly in the left hemisphere. Conclusions: Structural brain changes are observed in patients with drug-resistant JME that may go undetected by the conventional processing techniques used in magnetic resonance imaging.
The p-value of a test is not the probability that the null hypothesis is true or false
Authors: Carazo-Díaz C , Prieto-Valiente L
Published: November 2024

One of the most common errors made by physicians in all developed countries is to say that the p-value of a test is the probability that the null hypothesis considered in the test is true or false. Eighty percent of those polled in many surveys make this mistake. The p-value of a test is the probability of obtaining a result like the one obtained in the investigation if the null hypothesis is true. The probability of a pregnancy involving three embryos is very small, at 0.00008 (8 in 100,000). In pregnancies with triplets, the probability of a caesarean section being performed is very high, at 0.98 (98%). These are two very different values, and two very different concepts. Saying that 0.98 is the probability of a pregnancy involving triplets would be a serious mistake. We make the same mistake when we say that the p-value of the test is the probability that the null hypothesis is true, or the probability that it is false.
Çocuk Evliliklerin Görünmeyen Tarafı: Çocuk Damatlar
Authors: Çelik Metin , Durmuş Emine , Acar Ağar Büşra
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma çocuk yaşta evlilik yapmış erkeklerin evlendirilme deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çocuk evlilikler söz konusu olduğunda araştırmaların çoğunlukla kız çocuklarını kapsaması sebebiyle bu araştırma erkek bireylerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak çocuk evliliklerin yasal olmaması, evliliklerin dini nikâh ile yapılması nedeniyle resmi kayıtlarının olmaması ve çocuk gelinlerden farklı olarak gebelik, doğum gibi gerekçelerle resmî kuruma başvurularının olmaması nedeni ile 18 yaşından küçük evli erkek çocuklar ulaşılması zor bir katılımcı grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu gerekçelerle bu araştırama çocuk yaşta evlendirilmiş, şu an 19-25 yaş aralığında olan erkeklerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocuk damatlarla yapılan bu araştırma sonuçlarının çocuk evliliklerin içeriklerine ışık tutması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile Adıyaman, Batman, Diyarbakır, Hakkâri, Mardin, Siirt, Şırnak illerinden seçilen 47 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı bu çalışmada kullanılmak üzere araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formudur. Bu formda katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerine yönelik betimleyici sorularının yanı sıra, evlendirilmelerine yönelik açık uçlu sorular da yer almaktadır. Veriler, verilerin yoğun olarak betimlendiği tümevarımsal tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Tematik analiz sonucunda ‘evlendirilme nedenleri’, ‘evliliklerinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar’ ve ‘öneriler’ olmak üzere üç tema ve bu temalara bağlı alt temalar elde edilmiştir. Ana ve bu temalara bağlı alt temalar katılımcı ifadeleri ile desteklenerek açıklanmıştır. Bulgular alan yazın ışında tartışılarak, sonuç ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda, çocuk damatların evlenmelerinde bireysel ve toplumsal nedenlerin etkili olduğu, evliliklerinde kök ve çekirdek ailelerine dönük problemler yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Erkek Egemen Alanlarda Çalışan Kadınların Cinsiyetlendirilmiş Örgüt Deneyimleri: Kadın Güvenlik Görevlileri Örneği
Authors: Ulaşkın Şükriye
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırma, toplumda erkek egemen bir meslek olarak bilinen güvenlik görevliliğinde çalışan kadınların cinsiyetlendirilmiş örgüt olgusuna yönelik deneyimlerini konu edinmektedir. Kadın güvenlik görevlilerinin cinsiyetlendirilmiş örgüt olgusunu hangi örgütsel süreçlerde ve nasıl deneyimlediklerini anlamak, anlamlandırmak ve yorumlamak bu araştırmanın temel amacıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yorumlayıcı fenomenoloji desenine uygun bir araştırma süreci takip edilmiştir. Aksaray ilindeki çeşitli kamu kurumlarında çalışan 11 kadın güvenlik görevlisiyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tümdengelime dayalı tematik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilen veriler, cinsiyetlendirilmiş örgüt teorisi kapsamında beş tema altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu temalar: cinsiyetlendirilmiş kimlikler, etkileşimler, toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı bölünmeler, cinsiyetçi kültür ve örgütsel mantıktır. Kadınların kültürel bakımdan erkeklerle özdeşleşmiş mesleklere erişebilmeleri, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin aşılması için önem taşısa da kadınların bu alanlara girdikten sonra yaşadıkları deneyimler eşitsizliklerin çeşitli örgütsel süreçler yoluyla üretilmeye devam ettiğini göstermektedir.
Dynamics of Winning the Referendums: The Effects of Campaign Intensity and Referendum Issue
Authors: Bekaroğlu Edip Asaf
Published: November 2024

Why do governments put some of their proposals to the popular vote despite the uncertainties about the referendum results? Furthermore, under which conditions do they have a better chance of winning in referendums. This study argues that some variables related to the issues put to referendum and the campaigns conducted are more influential in determining the referendum outcome than structural conditions such as the economic situation and the quality of democracy. It has three hypotheses. First, the higher the intensity of campaigning by the parties in the referendum, the lower the probability that the government proposal will be approved. Second, the higher the level of complexity of the package put to a referendum, the lower the probability of approval. Third, if voters already have strong predispositions on the issue being voted on, the results of the referendum resemble the results of general elections, i.e. it is easier to predict the outcome of the referendum. These hypotheses will be evaluated by making a qualitative comparison of the campaigns in Türkiye’s 2007, 2010, and 2017 referendums.
PENGARUH VARIASI PERBANDINGAN SAMPAH PLASTIK JENIS LDPE DAN PS TERHADAP VOLUME DAN NILAI KALOR MINYAK PADA PROSES PIROLISIS
Authors: EFITA NADINE ANGGRAINI  , BASUKI  , MOHAMMAD MUNIB ROSADI  , DIAN ANISA ROKHMAHWATI
Published: November 2024

Sampah plastik yang sangat umum ditemui di lingkungan Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari Tebuireng Jombang yaitu plastik pembungkus suatu makanan atau minuman. Sampah plastik tersebut termasuk ke dalam plastik jenis LDPE dan PS. Konversi sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar alternatif dilakukan melalui proses pirolisis. Pirolisis adalah proses dimana bahan diuraikan pada suhu tinggi tanpa adanya atau terbatasnya udara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil dari pengaruh variasi berat sampah plastik terhadap volume dan nilai kalor minyak pada proses pirolisis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimental, dalam metode ini menggunakan variasi perbandingan berat sampah plastik LDPE:PS yaitu: 100%:0%; 70%:30%; 50%:50%; 40%:60% dan 0%:100% dengan total berat sampah plastik sebesar 600 gram yang diolah menggunakan teknik komparasi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan proses pirolisis selama 120 menit dengan temperatur pembakaran 100 dan temperatur kondensor 10. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa variasi LDPE 0% : PS 100% menghasilkan  rata-rata volume minyak yang lebih banyak dibandingkan variasi lainnya sebesar 28,67 ml. Sedangkan variasi LDPE 100% : PS 0% menghasilkan rata-rata nilai kalor minyak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan variasi lainnya 36197,75967  . Diketahui nilai (Sig.) untuk pengaruh variasi berat sampah plastik terhadap volume minyak pada proses pirolisis adalah 0,048 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan. Serta dapat diketahui nilai (Sig.) untuk pengaruh variasi berat sampah plastik terhadap nilai kalor minyak pada proses pirolisis adalah 0,742 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan.
Some regularities of transaction statistics of cryptocurrency Ethereum: opportunities to study the impact of space weather on human economic behavior on a global scale
Authors: Vitulyova Yelizaveta , Moldakhan Inabat , Grigoriev Pavel , Suleimenov Ibragim
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the statistics of transactions of the Ethereum cryptocurrency obeys well-defined patterns. Log dependency ln⁡N of the number of users N who carried out n transactions with the use of Ethereum cryptocurrency during a specific month on ln⁡n is a linear one with high accuracy: ln⁡N=btln⁡n+at. Similar statistical patterns are obtained for bitcoin transactions. It has also been established that the behavior of the coefficient b appearing in this dependence corresponds with high accuracy to the Bass diffusion model, which describes the dynamics of innovation implementation. It is shown that after the completion of the initial stage of the implementation of the Ethereum and bitcoin cryptocurrencies (since the beginning of 2018), the values of the coefficients a and b are approaching constants. On this basis, a method is proposed for identifying space weather factors on the economic behavior of the human population. In particular, it is shown that the analysis of the cross-correlation between the ratio ab for the Ethereum cryptocurrency and the Ap-index of geomagnetic activity gives an example of additional tools allowing to reveal the influence of space weather factors on the economic behavior of people on a global scale.
Lipid raft disruption inhibits the activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1, but not TRP Melastatin 3 and the voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in sensory neurons
Authors: Payrits Maja , Zsidó Balázs Zoltán , Nehr-Majoros Andrea Kinga , Börzsei Rita , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Hetényi Csaba , Szőke Éva
Published: November 2024

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels like Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) are nonselective cation channels expressed in primary sensory neurons and peripheral nerve endings, which are located in cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane lipid raft regions and have important roles in pain processing. Besides TRP ion channels a wide variety of voltage-gated ion channels were also described in the membrane raft regions of neuronal cells. Here we investigated the effects of lipid raft disruption by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) and sphingomyelinase (SMase) on TRPV1, TRPM3 and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel activation in cultured trigeminal neurons and sensory nerve terminals of the trachea. We also examined the mechanism of action of MCD by in silico modeling. Disruption of lipid rafts by MCD or SMase did not alter CIM0216-induced TRPM3 cation channel activation and the voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel activation by FPL 64126 or veratridine neither on trigeminal sensory neurons nor sensory nerve terminals. We provided the first structural explanation with in silico modeling that the activation of TRPV1, TRPM3 and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels is affected differently by the cholesterol content surrounding them in the plasma membrane. It is concluded that modifying the hydrophobic interactions between lipid rafts and ion channels might provide a selective novel mechanism for peripheral analgesia.
Immunological characteristics in elderly COVID-19 patients: a post-COVID era analysis
Authors: Li Yunhui , Chen Yuan , Liang Jing , Wang Yajie
Published: November 2024

Background

Advanced age is a primary risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes, potentially attributed to immunosenescence and dysregulated inflammatory responses. In the post-pandemic era, with containment measures lifted, the elderly remain particularly susceptible, highlighting the need for intensified focus on immune health management.

Methods

A total of 281 elderly patients were enrolled in this study and categorized based on their clinical status at the time of admission into three groups: non-severe (n = 212), severe survivors (n = 49), and severe non-survivors (n = 20). Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors associated with disease severity and in-hospital outcomes. The diagnostic performance of risk factors was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were utilized to compare the 30-day survival rates. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data of CD4+ T cells were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to reveal biological processes and pathways involved.

Results

In the comparison between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases, significant elevations were observed in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels, concurrent with a notable reduction in CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes (all p < 0.05). CD4+ T cells (OR: 0.997 [0.995-1.000], p<0.05) and NLR (OR: 1.03 [1.001-1.060], p<0.05) were independent risk factors affecting disease severity. The diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 severity, as measured by the area under the curve (AUC) for CD4+ T cells and NLR, was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.645-0.784) and 0.741 (95% CI: 0.675-0.807), respectively. Moreover, patients with elevated NLR or IL-6 levels at admission exhibited significantly shorter survival times. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed several biological pathways that are implicated in the regulation of immune responses and metabolic processes.

Conclusions

Lymphocytopenia and the cytokine storm onset are significant predictors of an unfavorable prognosis in elderly patients. The decrease in CD4+ T cells among elderly patients is detrimental to disease recovery, and the biological pathways regulated by these cells could potentially heighten vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby exacerbating the development of associated complications.
Consumer-oriented (patient and family) outcomes from nursing in genomics: a scoping review of the literature (2012–2022)
Authors: Keels Jordan N. , Thomas Joanne , Calzone Kathleen A. , Badzek Laurie , Dewell Sarah , Murthy Vinaya , O’Shea Rosie , Tonkin Emma T. , Dwyer Andrew A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Genomics is a lifespan competency that is important for improving health outcomes for individuals, families, and communities. Nurses play a key role in genomic healthcare and realizing the potential of the genomic era.

Methods

We aimed to chart the current state of genomics in nursing by conducting a systematic scoping review of the literature in four databases (2012–2022). We categorized included articles using the Cochrane Collaboration outcome domains/sub-domains and identify key topical areas.

Results

Of 8532 retrieved articles, we identified 67 articles on ‘consumer-oriented outcomes’ (patient and family) for analysis. Identified articles primarily centered on themes of genetic testing and screening. Most studies reported non-interventional studies 39/67 (58%) and more than half were from the U.S.A. 34/67 (51%). Six of nine subdomains were reported on. The “patient involvement in care” subdomain was the most commonly reported subdomain (17/67, 25%) while “treatment outcomes” had the fewest reports (5/67, 8%). Overall, consumers (i.e., patients and families) had high satisfaction with nurse-led interventions.

Discussion

Synthesizing findings revealed key knowledge gaps and unmet patient informational needs around genetic testing and decision support. There are opportunities for interprofessional collaboration between nursing and genetic counseling to meet the mounting demand for genomic healthcare and develop more person-centered approaches to genetic counseling and decisional support. Findings support the need for interventional studies and enhanced focus on implementation for nurses to improve consumer-oriented outcomes.
Immunomodulatory potential of primary cilia in the skin
Authors: Sun Jingwei , Yuan Huimin , Yu Yanru , Li Aorou , Zhao Zihe , Tang Yang , Zheng Fengjie
Published: November 2024

Primary cilia (PC) are essential signaling hubs for proper epithelial formation and the maintenance of skin homeostasis. Found on most cells in the human body, including skin cells, PC facilitate signal transduction that allows ciliated cells to interact with the immune system via multiple pathways, helping to maintain immune system homeostasis. PC can be altered by various microenvironmental stimuli to develop corresponding regulatory functions. Both PC and ciliary signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the immune processes of various skin lesions. However, the mechanisms by which PC regulate cellular functions and maintain immune homeostasis in tissues are highly complex, and our understanding of them in the skin remains limited. In this paper, we discuss key ciliary signaling pathways and ciliated cells in the skin, with a focus on their immunomodulatory functions. We have compiled evidence from various cells, tissues and disease models to help explore the potential immunomodulatory effects of PC in the skin and their molecular mechanisms.
ID1 and ID3 functions in the modulation of the tumour immune microenvironment in adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Poveda-Garavito Nathaly , Orozco Castaño Carlos A. , Torres-Llanos Yulieth , Cruz-Rodriguez Nataly , Parra-Medina Rafael , Quijano Sandra , Zabaleta Jovanny , Combita Alba Lucia
Published: November 2024

Introduction

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults often presents a poor prognosis. ID1 and ID3 genes have been identified as predictors of poor response in Colombian adult B-ALL patients, contributing to cancer development. In various cancer models, these genes have been associated with immune regulatory populations within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). B-ALL progression alters immune cell composition and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, impacting disease progression and therapy response. This study investigates the relationship between ID1 and ID3 expression, TIME dynamics, and immune evasion mechanisms in adult B-ALL patients.

Methods

This exploratory study analysed BM samples from 10 B-ALL adult patients diagnosed at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. First, RT-qPCR was used to assess ID1 and ID3 expression in BM tumour cells. Flow cytometry characterised immune populations in the TIME. RNA-seq evaluated immune genes associatedwith B-ALL immune response, while xCell and CytoSig analysed TIME cell profiles and cytokines. Pathway analysis, gene ontology, and differential gene expression (DEGs) were examined, with functional enrichment analysis performed using KEGG ontology.

Results

Patients were divided into two groups based on ID1 and ID3 expression, namely basal and overexpression. A total of 94 differentially expressed genes were identified between these groups, with top overexpressed genes associated with neutrophil pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed increased expression of genes associated with neutrophil degranulation, immune response-related neutrophil activation, and neutrophil-mediated immunity. These findings correlated with xCell data. Overexpression group showed significant differences in neutrophils, monocytes and CD4+ naive T cells compared to basal group patients. Microenvironment and immune scores were also significantly different, consistent with the flow cytometry results. Elevated cytokine levels associated with neutrophil activation supported these findings. Validation was performed using the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) TCGA B-ALL cohorts.

Discussion

These findings highlight significant differences in ID1 and ID3 expression levels and their impact on TIME populations, particularly neutrophil-related pathways. The results suggest a potential role for ID1 and ID3 in immune evasion in adult B-ALL, mediated through neutrophil activation and immune regulation.
Case report: Non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and biomarker detection via ELISA versus histopathology for diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders - Insights from a case-control study
Authors: Rebaudi Federico , Rebaudi Alberto , De Rosa Alfredo , Rebaudi Alberto Luigi , Pesce Silvia , Greppi Marco , Roghi Marco , Boggio Maurizio , Candiani Simona , Marcenaro Emanuela
Published: November 2024

Oral leukoplakia is classified among oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The visual oral examination (VOE) is the most used method for identifying lesions in their early stages. Given that the diagnosis of oral cancer is often late, there is an urgent need for early detection and examination of oral lesions. Surgical biopsy represents the gold standard as a diagnostic method, but because it is invasive, it cannot be repeated for periodic checks. We report the case of a lesion on the buccal mucosa of a 65-year-old male patient with a malignant appearance. The patient underwent a novel non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and ELISA immunoassay for tumor biomarker detection and biopsy with histopathological analysis. The rapid ELISA test results excluded signs of malignancy, providing valuable insights into the lesion’s immunophenotypic profile, which were consistent with the histopathological examination findings. This case report highlights the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a lesion with the aspect of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL), emphasizing its challenging diagnosis and management. The integration of non-invasive cytobrush sampling with biomarker analysis proved valuable in detecting specific tumor biomarkers, potentially indicating ongoing tumor transformation. Monitoring these markers over time could enhance early detection and management strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes. This approach underscores the utility of non-invasive techniques in phenotyping oral lesions and supporting clinical decision-making in oral medicine.
PGTransNet: a physics-guided transformer network for 3D ocean temperature and salinity predicting in tropical Pacific
Authors: Wu Song , Bao Senliang , Dong Wei , Wang Senzhang , Zhang Xiaojiang , Shao Chengcheng , Zhu Junxing , Li Xiaoyong
Published: November 2024

Accurately predicting the spatio-temporal evolution trends and long-term dynamics of three-dimensional ocean temperature and salinity plays a crucial role in monitoring climate system changes and conducting fundamental oceanographic research. Numerical models are the most prevalent of the traditional approaches, which are often too complex and lack of generality. Recently, with the rise of AI, many data-driven methods are proposed. However, most of them take no consideration of natural physical laws that may cause issues of physical inconsistency among different variables. In this paper, we proposed PGTransNet, a novel physics-guided transformer network for 3D Ocean temperature and salinity forecasting. This model is based on Vision Transformer, and to enhance the performance we have three aspects of improvements. Firstly, we design a loss function that deliveries the physical relationship among temperature, salinity and density by fusing the Thermodynamic Equation. Secondly, to capture global and long-term dependencies effectively, we add the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) in the embedding layer. Thirdly, we adopted the Laplacian sparse positional encodings to alleviate the artifacts caused by high-norm tokens. The former two are the core components to leverage the physical information. Finally, to comprehensively evaluate PGTransnet, we conduct rich experiments in metrics RMSE, Anomoly Correlation Coefficients, Bias and physical consistency. Our proposal demonstrates higher prediction accuracy with fast convergence, and the metrics and visualizations show that our model is insensitive to hyperparameter tuning, ensuring better generalization and adherence to physical consistency. Moreover, as observed from the spatial distribution of the anomaly correlation coefficient, the model exhibits higher forecasting accuracy for coastal and marginal sea regions.
Research on ocean buoy attitude prediction model based on multi-dimensional feature fusion
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Ning Chunlin , Zhang Qianran , Yuan Guozheng , Li Chao
Published: November 2024

Buoys, serving as crucial platforms for ocean observation, require precise predictions of their motion states, which are essential for buoy structure design, testing, and directly related to the stability and reliability of data collection. Leveraging data-driven methods instead of traditional software modeling analysis enables efficient analysis of the ocean environment’s impact on buoys. However, the coupling mechanisms between the ocean and the atmosphere complicate the pre-diction of buoy attitudes. In response to these challenges, this paper systematically analyzes the key ocean surface elements that affect buoy attitudes and innovatively applies the Pearson correlation coefficient to quantify the potential coupling relationships between these elements. The Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) algorithm is employed to select the optimal feature subset from a large number of raw features. Based on this, a Convolutional Neural Networks-Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN-BiGRU) buoy attitude prediction model is constructed. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized prediction model, when combined with the feature selection algorithm, achieves a minimum prediction accuracy of 95.7%. This model not only reduces the dimensionality of the original data but also precisely captures the dynamics of ocean elements and their effects on buoy attitudes, leveraging the powerful feature extraction and fusion capabilities of CNN.