bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews
Authors: MacKinnon  , Maclure Millar , Hoeniger  , Carroll John , Priestley  , McLuhan Marshall
Published: March 2013

Ruth Hughey, The Arundel Manuscript, reviewed by M.H.M. MacKinnon

A.C. Hamilton, The Structure of Allegory in The Faerie Queen, reviewed by Millar Maclure

Paul E. McLane, Spenser's Shepheardes Calendar: A Study in Elizabethan Allegory, reviewed by Millar Maclure

L.C. Knights, Some Shakespearen Themes, reviewed by F.D. Hoeinger

C.J. Sisson, Shakespeare's Tragic Justice, reviewed by F.D. Hoeinger

B.A.W. Jackson, ed., Stratford Papers on Shakespeare 1960, reviewed by F.D. Hoeinger

J.A. Bryant, Jr., Hippolyta's View, Some Christian Aspects of Shakespeare's Plays, reviewed by F.D. Hoeinger

M.M. Reese, The Cease of Majesty: A Study of Shakespeare's History Plays, reviewed by F.D. Hoeinger

Mark Eccles, Shakespeare in Warwickshire, reviewed by F.D. Hoeinger

Stuart Tave, The Amiable Humorist: A Study in the Comic Theory and Criticism of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries, reviewed by John Carroll

J. M. S. Tompkins, The Popular Novel in England, 1770–1800, reviewed by John Carroll

Louis F. Peck, A Life of Matthew G. Lewis, reviewed by John Carroll

Henry Knight Miller, Essays on Fielding's Miscellanies: A Commentary on Volume One, reviewed by John Carroll

Scott Elledge, ed., Eighteenth-Century Critical Essays, reviewed by John Carroll

J.H. Buckley, Tennyson: The Growth of a Poet, reviewed by F.E.L. Priestley

Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image: or What Happened to the American Dream, reviewed by Marshall McLuhan
The Philosophy of Revolution
Authors: Gauthier David
Published: March 2013

My theme is found in Marx's eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach: "The philosophers have only interpreted the world in different ways; the point is to change it." This dictum might be understood, either as proposing that philosophy be rejected in favour of some discipline capable of more practical application. or as urging that philosophy itself be reformed to constitute such a discipline. It is the second alternative that I assume Marx to have intended in formnlating the Thesis.
Humanities
Authors: Moore T. Inglis , Beattie Munro , Endicott
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1962.
Social Studies
Authors: Brady Alexander , Zaslow Morris
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books about social studies published in Canada in 1962.
Poesie
Authors: Sylvestre Guy
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1962.
Romans et Theatre
Authors: Ethier-Blais Jean
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian novels and books on theatre published in 1962.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1962.
The Role of the Horses in "A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms"
Authors: Suits Conrad
Published: March 2013

It is no longer the fashion in critical circles to believe that Swift was insane when he wrote the fourth book of Gulliver's Travels. Thanks to the acute insight of a number of our contemporaries, we are now invited to see that Gulliver himself was the mad party. As a consequence we are to regard Gulliver as ridiculous, a figure of fun. This conclusion derives from the premise, if Swift were not mad, Gulliver must have been, because only a madman could have held such a low opinion of human beings as that developed in the fourth book. A number of present-day commentators on Swift would then, in a word, have someone mad, for such deep-dyed misanthropy is the same thing as madness.' Basing an argument on an alternative proposition can, however, be dangerous. In the present instance the critics have overlooked a third possibility, namely, that their own brains have undergone an unlucky shake, that in them fancy has got astride of reason and that consequently common understanding, as well as common sense, has been kicked out of doors. It will be one of the purposes of this paper to suggest that Gulliver was not mad and therefore not a comic figure; rather that he made valid inferences about human nature from the evidence before him and so was as sane as his creator, or as you or I for that matter. I do not make this attempt on the principle that an ounce of my own wit is worth a ton of anyone else's, but on the grounds of the evidence and of what I conceive to be the nature of satire, neither of which considerations has anything novel about it.
Reviews
Authors: Eichner Hans , Finch Robert , Cox Catherine
Published: March 2013

Laura Hofrichter, Heinrich Heine, reviewed by Hans Eichner

Alfred Edward Carter, Baudelaire et la Critique Francaise, 1868–1917, reviewed by Robert Finch

Walter Pater, Imaginary Portraits, reviewed by Catherine A. Cox
>Metamorphosis in Corneille's Andromede
Authors: Lapp John
Published: March 2013

Ever since baroque first served to designate a certain literature, one of its most frequently cited characteristics has been metamorphosis. Yet we lack specific studies of this term as a literary phenomenon. For Jean Rousset it is evidenced in the changing setting of the court ballet Circé: "On insiste tantôt sur la soudaineté du changement, tantôt sur la progression, toujours sur le mouvement qui ne cesse pas un instant d'animer le spectacle.' This remark illustrates a frequent and perhaps misleading tendency to link metamorphosis with movement. Indeed, "Movement and metamorphosis" constitute one of eight baroque categories proposed 'by Imbrie Buffum, who finds its best definition in Montaigne: "Le monde n'est qu'une branloire perenne. Toutes choses y branlent sans cesse: la terre, les rochers du Caucase, les pyramides d'Aegypte, et du branle public et du leur." But this is a statement about movement, not change, in which the key word branler means something like to oscillate, or move in an indefinite way. Nor does "Je ne peints pas l'estre, je peints le passage" mean, as Buffum translates, "I paint transformation." Passage 'signifies at the most a progression in time, which might of course eventually work a transformation. Montaigne, who loved Ovid, had a very clear idea of metamorphosis, and could exclaim with feeling at the changes wrought by old age: "Quelles métamorphoses lui voy-je faire tous les jours en plusieurs de mes cognaissans!"
The Suicide of Volpone
Authors: Leggatt Alexander
Published: March 2013

Why do two such expert plotters as Volpone and Mosca destroy their own success in the end? The ultimate explanation, of course, is that Jonson wants to end his comedy with a judgement on the villainy he has depicted; but having said that, one must consider whether the downfall of the rogues is simply imposed by the playwright, or whether he has developed it logically out of material already in the play. The danger is indicated by such a play as Middleton's Michaelmas Term, in which the chief intriguer, Quomodo, after four acts of success as a clever knave, suddenly changes roles with his victim, becomes a maladroit fool, and, like Volpone, loses all his winnings. The didactic purpose of the comedy is served, but at some cost to the integrity of the central character. We might expect Jonson to do better than this, and I think he does. Volpone destroys himself, not because he gets careless or his luck runs out at the beginning of Act v, but because of an impulse deeply rooted in his nature, an impu lse that — ironically, in view of its final results — governs his success in the earlier part of the play. It is not simple overreaching, as one might say in the case of Mosca, who, in refusing Volpone's offer of half the estate, is led by greed into taking one risk too many.
The State of Nature and the State of War: A Reconsideration of The Man of Mode
Authors: Davies Paul
Published: March 2013

In The First Modern Comedies Norman Holland spoke of the traditional dispraise of Restoration comedy under the general heading "The Critical Failure." His book, together with Thomas H. Fujimura's, is a notable recent example of what we might call "The Critical Success" with regard to these dramatists. By relating the play to the current literature of ideas they, along with Dale Underwood, have done much to refute L. C. Knights' view that Restoration comedy "has no significant relation with the best thought of the time."
The Heritage of Donne and Jonson
Authors: Summers Joseph
Published: March 2013

Over fifteen years ago I wrote a long and intemperate footnote in which I objected to the use of the terms "metaphysical poets" and "metaphysical poetry":
E.M. Forster's "Temple": Eclectic or Visionary?
Authors: Morley Patricia
Published: March 2013

This paper is concerned with "Temple," Part III of Forster's A Passage to India, with its meaning and its relation to the novel as a whole. The task is not synonymous with examining the role of Professor Godbole and the Hindu festival. Hinduism is very important to Part III, as the title indicates, and Forster's letters in The Hill of Devi cast light upon his attitude towards it. "Temple," however, is not concerned solely with Hinduism; structurally, it alternates between descriptions of Hindu ceremony and scenes involving personal relationships. This structure is indicative of Forster's eclectic approach, as he attempts to synthetize the values of East and West.
Light Prose
Authors: Robson John
Published: March 2013

Reviews of light prose published in Canada in 1969.
Education
Authors: Harris Robin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on education published in Canada in 1969.
Romans, Recits, Nouvelles, Contes
Authors: Robidoux Rejean
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian fiction published in Canada in 1969.
Theatre
Authors: Robidoux Rejean
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1969.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Andrusyshen
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1969.
'The Windhover' and the Patristic Exegetical Tradition
Authors: Wallis Bruce
Published: March 2013

In an effort to stress the need for more controlled reading of Hopkins' poetry, criticism of the last decade or so has emphasized some of the misunderstandings that may arise when we attempt to project our own attitudes and world views upon a writer whose fundamental vision may have been different from ours. A number of writers have drawn upon Thomistic, Loyolan, and Scotist philosophy, in order to relocate the poet in a theological tradition in which reality does not admit of the same proliferation of meanings that it does in our own relativistic (or pluralistic) universe. Since these analyses restrict themselves primarily to the poet's Christian-philosophical background, however, it seems appropriate that an attempt be made as well briefly to investigate his Christian-poetic background – that is, to examine characteristic approaches of the Church Fathers to the handling of symbol and metaphor – to discover whether in this area, too, the poet is operating within fairly circumscribed, if not pre-established boundaries. Both because it centres upon a single dominating symbol, and because it has received as varied an array of interpretations as any poem might hope to elicit, no poem of Hopkins yields so well to such an investigation as 'The Windhover.'
Reviews
Authors: Sidnell Michael , Blissett William
Published: March 2013

Harold Bloom, Yeats, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Goerge Bornstsein, Yeats and Shelley, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Allen R. Grossman, Poetic Knowledge of the Early Yeats: A Study of THE WIND AMONG THE REEDS, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

A. Norman Jeffares, The Circus Animals: Essays on W.B. Yeats, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Bernard Levine, The Dissolving Image: The Spiritual-Esthetic Development of W.B. Yeats, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Philip L. Marcus, Yeats and the Beginning of the Irish Renaissance, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

John Rees Moore, Masks of Love and Death: Yeats as Dramatist, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Marjorie Perloff, Rhyme and Meaning in the Poetry of Yeats, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Hilary Pyle, Jack B. Yeats: A Biography, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

W.B. Yeats and Margot Ruddock; edited by Roger McHugh, Ah, Sweet Dancer: A Correspondence , reviewed by Michael Sidnell

W.B. Yeats, Letters to the New Island, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

W.B. Yeats, transcribed and edited by Curtis Bradford, Reflections, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

W.B. Yeats, ed. by Richard J. Finneran, John Sherman and Dhoya, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

W.B. Yeats, collected and edited by John P. Frayne, Uncollected Prose: Vol. I; First Reviews and Article 1886–1896, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

Robert O'Driscoll and Lorna Reynolds, eds., Yeats Studies: An International Journal, reviewed by Michael Sidnell

David Blamires, David Jones: Artist and Writer, reviewed by William Blissett
The Parenthetical Liturgy of David Jones
Authors: Dilworth Thomas
Published: March 2013

In Parenthesis, David Jones's long poem concerning the six months that culminate in the Somme offensive of 1916, issues from his experience as an infantryman during the First World War. By means of an analogical perception intricately bound up with his Catholicism, Jones detects in military life nuances which expand and enrich its significance without compromising the realism of its description. This sacramental sensibility is especially evident in the relationship between the shape of In Parenthesis and the patterns of liturgical worship, particularly those of the Tridentine Mass and the liturgical seasons of Advent and Lent. Through allusions to ritual and to scriptural passages intended to be understood in their liturgical context, the poem's military activity is juxtaposed with the redemptive acts celebrated in the liturgy. The effect is an unprecedented disclosure of combat's physical destruction and spiritual outrage. Not that In Parenthesis is a pacifist depiction of the profession of arms as by nature evil: its liturgical references stress the dignity and essential goodness of soldiers as well as warfare's negative purpose. In fact, the horror of their misadventure is heightened by the goodness and redeemed status of combatants who, consciously or not, share in the sacramental life of Christ.
Love's Double Cross: Language Play as Structure in the Libra de Buen Amor
Authors: Burke James
Published: March 2013

The Libra de buen amor is the masterpiece of the Spanish Middle Ages. This rollicking, witty, satirical book, which purports to teach about the good love of things beyond this earth, manages to convey extremely well the temptations and vicissitudes concerned with that variety found in the present. It has charmed and fascinated readers both Spanish and foreign since the fourteenth century. A number of critics have sensed a kind of spiritual similarity between Juan Ruiz and Chaucer and it has been recently pointed out that the English poet might even have known the Libro de buen amor.
The Provincial Consciousness
Authors: Stegner Wallace
Published: March 2013

The last thing I would try to do is to instruct Canadians in their own culture, rebuke them for not having one, or tell them how to handle either their internal cultural problems or their relations with the powerful neighbour who provides them about equally with things they don't want and things they can't do without, examples they deplore and temptations they can't resist.
Drama
Authors: Leggatt Alexander
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1973.
Les Études Sociales
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1973.
The Principle of Analgoy and the Immortality Question in Tennyson's In Memoriam
Authors: Boyd John
Published: March 2013

since metaphor and simile are special kinds of analogies, there is a sense in which all poetry, at its very roots, exemplifies analogical thinking. Beyond this, however, some poets show a special predisposition toward the imaginative exploration of analogies. Tennyson is one of these. Speaking in the context of intellectual history, one might remark that Tennyson's mind, while thoroughly absorbing the dominant nineteenth-century paradigm of Reality-as-Process, also seems to have retained the analogical way of apprehending truth so characteristic of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Enlightenment outlooks. All of Tennyson's more philosophical poems reveal the importance which analogy had in his serious speculative efforts, and In Memoriam, his masterpiece in this class of poetry, is particularly saturated with the analogical mode of thinking and feeling. I should like to suggest some of the disparate levels of the poem at which the principle of analogy is vital.
Speaker and Auditor in Browning's Dramatic Monologues
Authors: Mermin Dorothy
Published: March 2013

When the auditor in a dramatic monologue by Browning is human, adult, alive, awake, physically present, and able to hear and respond, and when the speaker and the reader are more or less continuously aware of him, the poem is a representation of speech. The auditor's silent presence calls attention to what we do not normally expect to find in poetry, and take for granted in drama and dialogue: the fact that the speaker is speaking aloud to another person. We acknowledge this distinctive characteristic of such poems by the question we usually ask about them: why does the speaker speak? Browning's other dramatic monologues may lead us to wonder if the speaker is right or wrong, good or bad, self-aware or self-deceiving in what he says, but it never occurs to us to ask why he says it at all.
Romance in Don Juan
Authors: Fleck Paul
Published: March 2013

Byron wrote to Lady Melbourne on 1 July 1813 that he had 'a natural love of contradiction and paradox,' and he acknowledged to himself (6 December) in the journal he began to keep in the same year that if he were honest with himself every page would contradict and utterly abjure the page before. Critics of Byron's greatest work have quite rightly started by taking him at his word and have observed, as Byron himself characterized the view of one contemporary reviewer, that Don Juan 'drenches' us in one stanza only to 'scorch' us in the next. The reviewer objected that such a procedure was totally incompatible with experience. Byron's reply is justly well known:
Mr Spectator, Sir Roger, and Good Humour
Authors: Furtwangler Albert
Published: March 2013

Everyone knows Sir Roger de Coverley as a figure of old-fashioned country manners and of gentle Addisonian satire upon the Tories. But a close inspection of his appearances in the Spectator reveals that he is these things mainly in the haze of a reader's memory. More immediately he is a figure born of journalistic convention and bred to journalistic convenience, like Mr Spectator, the mock editoror eidolon of this periodical. In fact, his origins and development provide a handy and revealing pattern against which Mr Spectator can be measured. Both figures are set out at the beginning of the periodical; both are set aside at its close. Sir Roger appears much more briefly in the Spectator; but he appears at length, early and late in its run, in sets of papers penned by Addison. He appears in order to answer emergent problems facing the editors, and he appears almost always as a companion and foil for this eidolon.
Drama
Authors: Leggatt
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1976.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Orenstein Eugene
Published: March 2013

Reviews of works published in other languages (besides French and English) in Canada in 1976.
Rhetorical Technique and Moral Purpose in Dickens's Hard Times
Authors: Linehan Thomas
Published: March 2013

Hard Times is the sort of novel which has sometimes invited refutation as well as analysis or criticism. Though Dickens absolutely repudiates the philosophy of Fact, he wants to base his indictment on the facts of mid-century Victorian England. He could not be indifferent to the factual accuracy of his grim depiction of industrial life. Numerous critics meet Dickens on his own ground and attempt to refute some of the literal claims they feel the novel makes. While F.R. Leavis, for example, finds much to praise, he finds fault with Dickens's treatment of Coketown's eighteen religious denominations. Dickens 'has no notion of the part played by religion in the life of nineteenth-century industrial England.’ In a similar way Edgar Johnson says that the portrait of the union organizer is a caricature because 'labor organizers are not like Slackbridge and do not talk like him, and did not do so in Dickens' day.' If Dickens cared about the truth, so have many critics.
Conrad's Quarrel with Politics: The Disrupted Family in Nostromo
Authors: Schwarz Daniel
Published: March 2013

Criticism that insists upon discussing Nostromo from a predominantly political perspective often seems to confuse the subject matter with the novel's values. When Conrad created imagined worlds with a political and historical dimension, as he did most notably in the three consecutive novels generally classified as political novels — Nostromo (1904), The Secret Agent (1907), and Under Western Eyes (1911), he was concerned less with political theory than with the cost of politics in terms of disruption of family ties, of personal relationships and, ultimately, of personal growth. To be sure, Conrad was fascinated by political doctrines, movements, and ideals, but he despaired that political activity could make a difference in a world he regarded as a 'remorseless process.’ He sadly realized that political activity fails because most men are selfish, while those who are not are victims of their own obsessions, and thus are incapable of sustained activity in the interest of the community's welfare. I do not deny that Conrad considers how, why, and for what values men organize themselves into nations, communities, parties, factions, and interest groups, but in this paper I shall argue that Conrad indicts political activity as both suspect in its causes and pernicious in its effects. In his view erratic lurching between revolution and autocracy, between secession and federation, has little to do with ideas about how men should best be governed. Even at the close, when Gould's vision for the mine is fulfilled and Sulaco flourishes, the conditions for the next revolutionary uprising are growing, like poisonous mushrooms, in the discontented hearts of Captain Fidanza and his comrade, the malevolent 'blood-thirsty' photographer.
Suitable Criticism
Authors: Jackson Laura
Published: March 2013

Review Article
Dramatic Theory and Eighteenth-Century Gardens
Authors: Conroy Jr. Peter
Published: March 2013

The formal or French garden and the English or landscape garden coexisted in England after 1720 and in France after 1750. Even though Le Nôtre belonged to the epoch of Louis XIV, his disciples continued to work in the same style throughout the eighteenth century. Moreover, the gardens of Versailles, his masterpiece, were constantly rearranged under Louis XV so that we can almost consider them an eighteenth-century product. In the second half of the century the English garden exerted its attraction on the French, with Rousseau's Elysée its most important literary example. None the less, neither style fully replaced or negated the other. Many landscape gardens had a portion done in the strict formal style while Versailles itself incorporated the Hameau, done in the English manner. As Delille's poem suggests, what lies at the base of this change in garden designs is a new perception, a new taste, and consequently a new form. Formal and landscape gardens were designed and planted, I should like to argue, according to the same inspiration as literature and other arts: gardens responded to the same needs and reflected the same preoccupations as literature did. Furthermore, beyond the vague generalities like the 'sentimental English garden' or the 'rational French garden' there are specific details and techniques which connect each of these styles to the different genres we find in eighteenth-century theatre. I am not claiming any direct influence or conscious inspiration of one by the other; rather I am suggesting that parallel affinities of style, technique, and taste exist at the deepest levels of both eighteenth-century gardens and theatre.
Hamlet: Nationhood and Identity
Authors: Berry Ralph
Published: March 2013

'What is my nation?' wondered the Irishman, Captain Macmorris, before the walls of Harfleur; and Henry V is among other things the story of national identity, the fusing of English, Irish, Scots, and Welsh into British. To this theme is assimilated the personal identity of the English (or Anglo-Welsh) leader, Henry. Henry V is dated with certainty to 1599, a year or so before Hamlet. The later play takes much further the sketch of nationhood and identity presented in Henry V. What had been a set of literals, the overt presence of four peoples, takes on in Hamlet a largely metaphorical status. Everything in Hamlet, whatever its physical reality, is in the end subsumed into Hamlet. Events have meaning as they bear upon the consciousness at the centre of the play. And for Hamlet, the drama of his consciousness unfolds through areas of national definition. The geography of Europe becomes, in the end, countries of the mind.
Fiction
Authors: Solecki Sam , Bilan R.P.
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1979.
Les Etudes Sociales
Authors: Saint-Pierre Celine
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1979.
Religion
Authors: Stiegman Emero
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on religion published in Canada in 1979.
Samuel Butler: 1835–1902
Authors: Davis Herbert
Published: March 2013

It is not quite proper to make the centenary of Samuel Butler's birth an occasion to do him honour. Not because in Erewhon it was customary not to touch upon such a painful subject, but because for Butler the date of a man's birth was much less important than the date of a man's death, when his real life begins. “A man should spend his life”—he wrote in his —Note Books— “or, rather, does spend his life in being born. His life is his birth throes.... I could not keep myself going at all if I did not believe that I was likely to inherit a good average three-score years and ten of immortality.” But he would be glad that we should make it an excuse to consider the maturity of his true self, the life which his work lives to-day, and the influence which he has so far exerted upon this century. For he was much concerned with the question of his permanent success, having failed to gain a hearing from his own generation. He felt that he could not hope to reach them, because it was his task to attack at the same time two principal sets of vested interests, the Church and Science, and because he valued his independence too highly to make any concessions to the leaders of the literary and academic world.
The Noble Army of Martyrs in Huronia
Authors: Child Philip
Published: March 2013

It would be difficult to find in history a greater heroism than that of the Jesuits among the North American Indians, or one which more significantly reveals the power of religion to utilize through training and discipline the usually wasted possibilities of the human spirit.
Mathematical Matter
Authors: Robertson
Published: March 2013

The nature of the ultimate structure of matter underlies most of the questions with which physics, or indeed any branch of natural science, has to deal. Neither the geologist with his rocks and fossils, nor the chemist with his compounds, nor the botanist with his plants can get away from matter. Life itself is associated with matter, and even such intangible entities as light and electricity do not manifest themselves except through matter. It is not surprising, therefore, that from times which almost antedate history, natural philosophers have sought to interpret, in terms of a few common constituents, all the various forms of matter. In this search philosophers were early led to the view that matter is discontinuous, is coarse-grained in structure, a view which culminated in the atomic theory of the nineteenth century.
Sectionalism in Canada
Authors: Stevenson John
Published: March 2013

Persons familiar with the pages of Caesar will recall that ancient Gaul was divided in to three parts, but Canada, although a continuous geographical unit and equipped with a centralized political structure, shows five distinct sectional divisions—the Maritime Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairie Provinces, and British Columbia—and in each of these there is visible a strong local particularism which continually jars upon the solidarity of Confederation. These particularisms have never reached the stage of open fissures, but they are centrifugal elements in the political and economic fabric of the Dominion, and must be taken cognizance of by everybody who has a share in guiding its destinies or who is interested in the study of its history and future evolution. The conditions causing these sectionalisms differ in each case, but are to be found under the following heads: (1) geographical and economic limitations, (2) racialism, (3) national policies inimical to local interests, and (4) financial relations with the Dominion government. Each of them has a special significance in the life of Canada, and some appraisement of them seriatim may be profitable.
Lope De Vega: 1562–1635
Authors: Buchanan
Published: March 2013

Lope Felix De Vega Carpio was born at Madrid in 1562, and died there on August 27, 1635. The poet's long life embraced the reigns of the three Philips, glorious years in Spanish history. Spaniards boasted that the sun never set upon their vast empire, which included (1580-1640) the whole of the Peninsula, the two Sicilies, the Milanese, the Low Countries, Franche-Comte, Mexico, Peru, and Portuguese possessions in Asia. Economic decline had begun but had not yet brought bankruptcy and decadence. The silver which poured in to Spain affected the economic condition of the country adversely and there were signs on every hand of extreme poverty, but outward splendour and national optimism remained. About the middle of the sixteenth century there appeared a prose masterpiece, Lazarillo de Tormes, aptly called an epic of hunger. Among types depicted in this picaresque novel, is that of an impoverished gentleman or hidalgo who comes to the capital to seek honourable employment in the church, the fleet, or the royal palace, as the formula ran. He is penniless but too proud to work. For days he has not a bite to eat, but blames the location of his lodgings for his misery.
Giosue Carducci as a Romantic
Authors: Praz Mario
Published: March 2013

Giosue Carducci was born at Valdicastello, in the district of Pietrasanta in Versilia, on July 27, 1835. The poet's centenary has been celebrated in Italy with speeches and articles, and has seen the publication of the first volumes of the National Edition of his works. The year 1935 was indeed an anno carducciano for Italy, and such it was thanks to one aspect, certainly the most typical of this poet, which makes him popular in Italy's present hour.
James Wilson morrice
Authors: Buchanan Donald
Published: March 2013

A Nomand Canadian the French called him, and such James Wilson Morrice was. A wanderer to the point of eccentricity, he lived for many years in a studio on the Quai des Grands Augustins, opposite the Ile de la Cité, in Paris, where a hallway filled with boxes and trunks testified that the owner was forever ready to depart at a moment's notice for Canada, Venice, North Africa, or the West Indies.
Sophocles the Dramatist
Authors: Owen
Published: March 2013

Sophoclean drama, like Shakespearean, is becoming more and more blurred by interpretations. Critics, in their natural desire to say something new, come to regard the object of their criticism as a field for the exercise of their own ingenuity, and flatteringly ascribe to their author the subtleties of which in the process they find themselves capable. For instance, it should be axiomatic that the profundity of a great dramatist is not achieved by the easy method of suppressing material facts, of setting his audience puzzles to solve with insufficient data; and yet it is often the gaps in the dramatist's argument that are seized upon as containing the fundamental meaning of a play. I think we should assume as a starting-point in all our interpretations, that, so far as the actual events of his story are concerned, the dramatist is to be taken at his plain word; also, and even more important, we should keep in mind that what we are contemplating is a play, not an incident of real life, in which motives may be veiled and unseen acts may be a matter of doubt and surmise. In a play unknown events, unknown motives do not occur (except in so far as the audience's knowledge may represent the unknown); the persons exist in their words and their acts—no more; and we have no right to use the dramatic difficulties and compromises, the necessary short-cuts and stretches of probability, for the purpose either of complicating the psychology or otherwise deepening the meaning of a play. What we are not told is done, is not done; beyond our ken there is no action, nothing happens; a dramatis persona does no more than is set down for him. In brief, it is a first principle that you cannot judge or interpret a play by what is not there. A dramatist's first purpose is to make what happens plain; he is not trying to hide his meaning.
Reviews
Authors: Innis  , MacLennan  , Landa Louis , Waterman Leroy
Published: March 2013

Report of the Royal Commission on Price Spreads, reviewed by H. A. Innis

J. Wesley Bready, Lord Shaftestbury and Social-indsutrial Progress, reviewed by H. A. Innis

W. L. Mackenzie King, Industry and Humanity: A Study in the Principles underlying Industrial Reconstruction, reviewed by H. A. Innis

Wm. Aberhart, Social Credit Manual: Social Credit as applied to the Province of Alberta, reviewed by H. A. Innis

Research Committee of the League for Social Reconstruction, Social Planning for Canada, reviewed by H. A. Innis

J. M. Gibbon, Steel of Empire: The Romantic History of the Canadian Pacific, reviewed by H. A. Innis

F. H. Anderson, The Argument of Plato, reviewed by R. D. MacLennan

G. M. A. Grube, Plato's Thought, reviewed by R. D. MacLennan

Jonathan Swift, The Drapier's Letters of the People of Ireland against receiving Wood's Halfpence, reviewed by Louis A. Landa

David Nichol Smith, ed., The Letters of Jonathan Swift to Charles Ford, reviewed by Louis A. Landa

Theophile James Meek, Old Akkadian, Sumerian, and Cappadocian Texts from Nuzi, reviewed by Leroy Waterman
The Bible Text and Recent Discoveries
Authors: Kenyon Sir Frederic
Published: March 2013

The last few years have been stirring ones for those who are concerned with the text of the Bible. Several discoveries of remarkable interest have been made, and new light has been thrown on the history of the Bible text both by these discoveries and by the intensive work of scholars on the materials previously available. The ultimate common object of these studies is to discover, if we can, the history of the Septuagint text before the time of Origen and his Hexapla (about A.D. 240), and that of the New Testament before the recognition of Christianity by Constantine and the production of the two great codices, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, on which our knowledge of the Greek text principally rests (about A.D. 325). The reconstruction of this history must proceed by way of provisional hypotheses based upon the material available at any given time; hypotheses which must be modified, or abandoned if necessary, as new evidence comes to light, but the formation of which is the only method of progress. It may be of interest, therefore, to consider how matters seem to stand in the light of the latest discoveries, though always with the proviso that our knowledge is still far from complete, and that conclusions must be provisional and tentative, to be tested by further study and (it may be hoped) by discoveries yet to come.
Is the Versailles Treaty Responsible?
Authors: Cohen Bernard Lande
Published: March 2013

The Treaty of Versailles has been blamed for a multitude of evils afflicting the world since the close of the Great War, including the universal decay of trade, the fall of the German Republic, the rise of Hitler, and the revived rumours of war. A grave misconception lies at the bottom of this view, and a careful analysis of the post-War situation would bring out the facts that the treaty in itself exercised little real influence upon the tide of events in Germany, and that it is quite unrelated to the rise of Hitler. That the Germans had to endure more than the French and English has usually been attributed to the “Carthaginian peace” which sealed their defeat. It is well to remember, however, that their tribulations date back further than the Versailles Treaty, to the War at its very commencement. Therefore, we should distinguish clearly between the events and circumstances which owe their origin to the particular terms of the Treaty, and those which flowed inevitably from the struggle itself.
Poetry
Authors: Brown
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1935.
Willa Cather and the West
Authors: Brown
Published: March 2013

The appearance of Lucy Gayheart (1935) marks Miss Cather's return to her greatest subject—the West, the clash in the West between the grandeur of the land and large natures in sympathy with it, on the one hand, and, on the other, the meanness of the towns and those among their people who are provincial and shrewd. The three short stories collected in 1932 under the title Obscure Destinies indicated that Miss Cather was preparing to return to the West. When in one of these stories she refers to a little Colorado town as “a snappy little Western democracy, where every man was as good as his neighbour and out to prove it,” we recognize the comment as by the same hand which drew the town of Black Hawk in My Antonia (1918); and when, in another, she presents a Bohemian family in which the prevailing spirit, warm, generous, magnanimous, had been created by a man who had suffered in London and New York and then found serenity and harmony on a Nebraska farm, we recognize even more clearly the author of 0 Pioneers! (1913 ). A full-length novel was needed to assure us that the return was not merely episodic; and Lucy Gayheart is as similar to the early Western novels as anyone of these is to any other.
Romans
Authors: Bourque Paul-André
Published: March 2013

] Reviews of French-Canadian fiction published in Canada in 1980.
Poesie
Authors: Bayard Caroline
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1980.
Drama
Authors: Huebert Donald
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1980.
Humanities
Authors: Ross Malcolm , Henderson John , Robson John
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1980.
Of Truly Gargantuan Proportions: From the Abbey of Thélème to the Androgynous Self
Authors: Needler Howard
Published: March 2013

Enigma stands at both the beginning and the end of Rabelais's Gargantua. An immeasurably long bronze tomb is found: opened at a place sealed with the sign of a goblet, and inscribed in Etruscan letters, it is seen to contain nine flagons, centred beneath which is the book of Gargantua's genealogy. And at the end of this same volume are the Corrective Conundrums, a set of riddling verses that constitute a puzzle at the very heart of an origin. Perhaps this collocation is itself a clue to the function of these verses, suggesting that their enigmatic opacity is the 'antidote' to the explanatory clarity of the narrative that they follow: they may serve to remind its readers that origins, however straightforwardly accounted for, remain essentially mysterious. For mystery is assuredly here, at the opening of Rabelais's book, and it is richly layered. A gigantic tomb, surprisingly, does not appear to house a gigantic body—Gargantua's end is seemingly to remain even more mysterious than his beginnings; rather, it is the tomb of a buried book, which our author has contrived to transcribe only through the art of reading unapparent letters. A 'buried' alphabet and a buried book, buried letters and buried meanings, are presented to the reader and assert his dependence upon the author, archaeologist of this stratified verbal tumulus.
Reviews
Authors: Brückmann Patricia , John Brian , Regan Stephen
Published: March 2013

Jean H. Hagstrum, Sex and Sensibility: Ideal and Erotic Love from Milton to Mozart, reviewed by Patricia Brückmann

Robert HalsbandThe Rape of the Lock and Its Illustrations, 1714–1896, reviewed by Patricia Brückmann

Elizabeth Cullingford, Yeats, Ireland and Fascism, reviewed by Brian John

Seamus Heaney, Selected Poems 1965–75, reviewed by Stephen Regan

Seamus Heaney, Preoccupations: Selected Prose 1968–78, reviewed by Stephen Regan
Poesie
Authors: Bayard Caroline
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1981.
Theatre
Authors: Girard Gilles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1981.
Fiction
Authors: Hoy Helen , Hill Douglas
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1982.
Romans
Authors: Michon Jaques
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian fiction published in Canada in 1982.
Poetry
Authors: Djwa Sandra , Hatch
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1982.
Drama
Authors: Astington John
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1982.
Theatre
Authors: Girard Gilles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1982.
Les Etudes Sociales
Authors: Jalbert Lizette
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1982.
Religion
Authors: Rumscheidt H. Martin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on religion published in Canada in 1982.
Theatre
Authors: Girard Gilles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1983.
Religion
Authors: Rumscheidt H. Martin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on religion published in Canada in 1983.
James and Fowles: Tradition and Influence
Authors: Humma John
Published: March 2013

While his lawyers in England search for the erstwhile French lieutenant's woman, Charles Smithson, newly arrived in America, meets several of the young country's political and literary lights. One whom he just misses 'was himself on the early threshold of a decision precisely the opposite in its motives and predispositions, a ship, as it were, straining at its moorings in a contrary current and arming for its sinuous and loxodromic voyage to the richer though silted harbor of Rye (but I must not ape the master).' Thus Charles fails to connect with Henry James —and no great matter; Fowles himself, however, did connect, I think—a connection which matters significantly.
Mavis Gallant and the Angel of History
Authors: Keefer Janice
Published: March 2013

This article sets out to argue that Walter Benjamin's angel of history is Mavis Gallant's angel of fiction, and, accordingly, it will attempt to define and analyse that 'historical sense' which, though it is perhaps the most significant feature of Gallant's fiction, has either been disregarded or only indolently mentioned by the bulk of Gallant's critics. The imaginative power and the sheer persistence of the historical in Gallant's oeuvre will be discussed as something which both sets Gallant firmly in the main current of contemporary literature and gives her a unique position among Canadian writers, who, by and large, make a deliberately domestic use of history and politics in their fiction. Finally, I will argue that without a conception of how history structures Gallant's vision of reality, her oeuvre can easily be misrepresented as a minor triumph of technique and style, or else censured for what would appear an obsessively grim and selective presentation of human experience.
Poetry
Authors: Hatch Ronald
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1986.
Theatre
Authors: Godin Jean Cléo
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1986.
Fiction
Authors: Dixon Michael
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1987.
Drama
Authors: Wasserman Jerry
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1987.
Theatre
Authors: McEwan Barbera
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books on theatre published in 1987.
Standing for Sacrifice: The Casket and Trial Scenes in The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Lucking David
Published: March 2013

Few readers of The Merchant of Venice would be likely to contest the claim that two scenes occupy positions of crucial importance in the dramatic structure of the play. The scenes I have in mind are those hinging on Bassanio's solution of the casket-riddle in act III, and Portia's decisive intervention in the case Shylock prosecutes against Antonio in act IV. On the face of it, these two episodes appear to have very little in common other than the personages involved in them. One has as its setting an idealized community situated somewhere beyond the sea, and represents the triumph of romantic love through a mysterious ordeal which seems to partake more of the remoter realms of dream or myth than of the brutal world of common experience; the other unfolds in the more sinister, though at the same time also much more familiar, context of a Venetian courtroom, and depicts the discomfiture of the impulse of hatred by means of a very agile exercise in juristic reasoning. Despite the obvious differences, however, these two long scenes display a number of points of affinity which shed light on the strategy and moral orientation of the play as a whole. To begin with, both might be described as broadly ceremonial in character. Secondly, each pivots on a delicate but vital act of interpretation, and in particular on the perception and implementation of the spirit rather than the letter of what is seen to be a potentially threatening, though at the same time absolutely binding, law. Both episodes are imbued with a disturbingly ambivalent quality, a problematic ambiguity which has provoked all those questions concerning motive, sincerity, and moral consistency around which critical controversy has tended to revolve in recent years. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, each of the two scenes illustrates contrasting aspects of what one commentator has described as the 'ethic of sacrificial love,' a conception which the play explores in a number of its facets.
Romans
Authors: Paterson Janet
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian novels published in Canada in 1988.
Contemporary English Poetry
Authors: Gibson Wilfrid
Published: March 2013

To me, as a writer of the older generation, it is a piece of good fortune that the Editor, when he suggested the preparation of this article, did not stipulate that its scope should be restricted to a consideration of what is known, specifically, as “modern” poetry. Not that I, personally, am out of sympathy with even the latest movement at a time when the younger poets are displaying an exceptional vigour and enterprise—only that the term “contemporary” allows me a wider latitude of appreciation, enabling me to make a more catholic survey inclusive of a greater number of writers.