bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of green organizational and human resource factors on developing countries' small business firms tendency toward green innovation: A natural resource‐based view approach
Authors: Yahya Salman , Jamil Sana , Farooq Maryam
Published: November 2021

Developing countries' small business firms are deemed insensitive towards the environment. However, little is known regarding what can reshape their attitude towards environmental management and uplift their abilities to counter environmental issues. Based on the extant literature review, we suggest that small business firms necessitate direction, motivation, structural capabilities, and ingenuity to tackle environmental issues through green innovation. We postulate that green organizational and human resource factors such as green business strategy (direction), green competencies (structural capabilities), green organizational culture (impetus), and green absorptive capacity (ingenuity) can reshape small businesses firms' tendency towards environmental preservation and green innovation. We tested our hypotheses on the data collected from small manufacturing firms located in different regions of Pakistan. Our findings suggest that developing countries' small business firms lag in environmental preservation due to their inability to comprehend and handle environmental problems. Introducing relevant green organizational and human resource factors can significantly improve small business firms' attitudes towards environmental management and green innovation. Moreover, our findings also reveal that small business firms lean towards green process innovation rather than green product innovation, depicting small business firms' behavioural tendencies towards innovation.
Pharmacological inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor attenuates intracranial aneurysm formation by modulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Luo Yin , Tang Haishuang , Zhang Zhaolong , Zhao Rui , Wang Chuanchuan , Hou Wenguang , Huang Qinghai , Liu Jianmin
Published: November 2021

Aim

To study the effect of pharmacological inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on intracranial aneurysm (IA) initiation.

Methods

Human IA samples were analyzed for the expression of p‐EGFR and alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) by immunofluorescence (IF). Rat models of IA were established to evaluate the ability of the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, to attenuate the incidence of IA. We analyzed anterior cerebral artery tissues by pathological and proteomic detection for the expression of p‐EGFR and relevant proteins, and vessel casting was used to evaluate the incidence of aneurysms in each group. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells were extracted and used to establish an in vitro co‐culture model in a flow chamber with or without erlotinib treatment. We determined p‐EGFR and relevant protein expression in VSMCs by immunoblotting analysis.

Results

Epidermal growth factor receptor activation was found in human IA vessel walls and rat anterior cerebral artery walls. Treatment with erlotinib markedly attenuated the incidence of IA by inhibiting vascular remodeling and pro‐inflammatory transformation of VSMC in rat IA vessel walls. Activation of EGFR in rat VSMCs and phenotypic modulation of rat VSMCs were correlated with the strength of shear stress in vitro, and treatment with erlotinib reduced phenotypic modulation of rat VSMCs. In vitro experiments also revealed that EGFR activation could be induced by TNF‐α in human brain VSMCs.

Conclusions

These results suggest that EGFR plays a critical role in the initiation of IA and that the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib protects rats from IA initiation by regulating phenotypic modulation of VSMCs.
Macropod management is critical for recovery of Sheoak Grassy Woodlands on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
Authors: Freeman Andrew , Pobke Katrina
Published: November 2021

The relative impacts of kangaroos (Macropus and Osphranter spp.) and introduced mammalian herbivores on the success of two South Australian landscape‐scale vegetation restoration projects were investigated using herbivore exclusion plots, herbivore scat counts and spotlight counts. The results confirm that kangaroos in high abundance have replaced introduced herbivores as the major element in total grazing pressure that is preventing the recovery of degraded native vegetation communities. These projects demonstrate the need for monitoring and adaptive management of kangaroos for the success of rehabilitation programmes.
SPECIALIZED LEARNING AND POLITICAL POLARIZATION
Authors: Yuksel Sevgi
Published: November 2021

When citizens are differentiated by how much they care about different issues informing policy, specialization allows them to concentrate their learning on the issues that are most important to them. However, as different citizens focus on different issues, the electorate becomes less responsive to party platforms. In particular, equilibrium policies polarize more in fractionalized societies in which there is greater disagreement about which issues matter the most. When the learning technology allows for more specialization, it effectively transforms the society into a more fractionalized one without changing the underlying preferences of the electorate, thereby increasing polarization.
Virtual academic conferences as learning spaces: Factors associated with the perceived value of purely virtual conferences
Authors: Seidenberg Nina , Scheffel Maren , Kovanovic Vitomir , Lynch Grace , Drachsler Hendrik
Published: November 2021

Background

The COVID‐19 outbreak came with an unprecedented opportunity to investigate how the new reality of social distancing and limited international travel will affect the organization of academic conferences.

Objectives

Drawing on conceptualization of academic conferences as professional learning spaces, in this study, we examine the factors associated with the perceived value of purely virtual academic conferences and how such perceptions differ between participants from different research fields. The aim was to gain knowledge about factors that should be considered when designing a virtual conference.

Methods

Survey data from participants of three different virtual conferences were collected (N = 311). Kendall's rank correlation and χ2‐analyses were performed.

Results and Conclusion

Results show satisfaction with social interaction, the extent to which presentations met participants' topics of interest and the perceived importance of learning and getting an overview on the research topic to be related to the value rating. Researchers from different research fields differ significantly in their opinion about the most appropriate conference format regarding getting an overview on the research topic. For some researchers, virtual participation might be a valuable alternative to attending a conference in person. The study serves as a first attempt to understand how and for which target groups virtual conferences serve as a valuable learning event. Further research on this conference format is needed.
Measuring intangible assets—A review of the state of the art
Authors: Van Criekingen Kristof , Bloch Carter , Eklund Carita
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in the field surrounding the measurement of “intangibles” for productivity analysis. The purpose of the paper is to inform indicator development and implementation in economic analysis, both at the micro and aggregated levels. The review seeks to capture the development of intangibles measurement, which has explored a variety of directions, both in terms of definition, method and data. We characterize both the diversity of the field and its development over time. Current national and firm level accounting rules lead, from an economic viewpoint on intangibles, to both an underestimation of intangible assets and productivity growth. Further work is needed, both concerning the estimation of “technical” aspects such as depreciation rates and deflators, and in the continued testing and comparison of different measurement efforts. Many opportunities exist to aggregate across or cross‐validate between the measures that are currently being used, enhancing our understanding of the properties of these measures. Even though micro‐based work faces great challenges in terms of data availability, it will be important for the estimation of depreciation rates and in developing our understanding (and thereby better measurement) of broader forms of intangibles, which can thereafter inform measurement at more aggregated levels.
Is catastrophising associated with pain perception in early phase of orthodontic treatment? A cohort study
Authors: Salgado Karina Rodrigues , Normando David , Brandão Gustavo Antonio Martins
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association between pain perception and catastrophising at the beginning of orthodontic treatment; and the association between pain during orthodontic treatment and demographic, clinical and other psychological factors.

Methods

A cohort study with 44 patients (28.9 ± 15.05 years old; 25 females and 19 males) under orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances had their pain perception evaluated through a visual analogue scale at baseline (before activation), 6 h, 24 h, 2nd day, 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day after activation. The scores at each evaluation period after the first (T1), second (T2) and third (T3) appointments were compared by analysis of variance. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis verified the association between pain perception and Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS); and demographic (age, gender), clinical (tooth crowding, tooth loss, analgesic intake and archwire characteristics) and other psychological (dental anxiety and previous negative dental experiences) independent variables (p < .05).

Results

Catastrophising (RR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.01–1.05, p = .0001) showed a weak risk of pain perception at T1. The peak of pain occurred 24 h after activation at T1, T2 and T3. Significant higher scores were observed at T1 in comparison to T2 (FT1,T2 = 11.82, p = .005) and T3 (FT1,T3 = 5.09, p = .03). Wire diameter, tooth crowding and single‐arch treatment were found as risk factors for pain. Patients without tooth loss had half of the risk of pain perception, while analgesics intake and older patients were also found with a weak protective association. Dental anxiety and negative dental experience were not associated with pain perception.

Conclusion

Catastrophising has a mild influence on pain perception and only after the first orthodontic activation. Patients with tooth losses, tooth crowding and using thicker archwires are more likely to report pain after orthodontic activations.
A Digital Technique to Fabricate Segmental Individual Tooth Trays for Making an Impression of Multiple Crown Preparations
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiang , Xie Qiufei , Zhang Lei , Zhao Yijiao , Cao Ye
Published: November 2021

A digital technique is described for designing and fabricating segmental individual tooth trays that can be used to make an impression of multiple preparations with high accuracy and efficiency. A digital model of prepared dentition was acquired. The segmental individual tooth trays with retention attachments and tissue stops were designed and 3D printed with light‐polymerizing resin. The segmental impression of each section of the prepared dentition was made with the corresponding individual tooth tray loaded with the impression material. A final overall impression was made to pick up the segmental individual tooth trays with a full arch tray.
Comparison of two measures of behavior change in children after day surgery
Authors: Lee‐Archer Paul F , Gibbons Kristen , Reade Michael , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S , Long Deborah
Published: November 2021

Background

A contemporary, well‐validated instrument for the measurement of behavior change in children after general anesthesia is lacking. The Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ‐AS) has been developed as an updated version of the original Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) to better reflect the current patient population and modern anesthetic practices.

Aims

To assess the reliability of the PHBQ‐AS and determine concurrent validity with another measure of child behavior, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Methods

We compared the PHBQ‐AS with the SDQ in 248 children presenting for day‐case surgery. A baseline SDQ measurement was taken prior to surgery, and then, both scales were administered on days 3, 14, and 28 postsurgery.

Results

The PHBQ‐AS demonstrated good reliability in terms of internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79 and split‐half correlation with Spearman Brown adjustment of 0.85. There was weak correlation with the SDQ on day 3 postoperatively (Pearson's r = 0.201), moderate correlation on day 14 (Pearson's r = 0.421), and weak‐to‐moderate correlation on day 28 (Pearson's r = 0.340). A cut‐off score of 3.2 on the PHBQ‐AS for the diagnosis of negative behavior demonstrated equivalence with the SDQ results; however, the SDQ results remained relatively constant throughout the study period and reflected the expected rate of increased risk of problem behavior in children.

Conclusions

The PHBQ‐AS showed good reliability but only had weak‐to‐moderate correlation with another measure of child behavior, the SDQ. Further validation is required before the PHBQ‐AS is used for the routine measurement of behavior change in children after anesthesia, or alternatively, a new instrument needs to be developed in order for research to advance in this area.
Impact of the Special Zone for Asian Headquarters policy implementation in Tokyo
Authors: Takata Yu
Published: November 2021

Objective

Designated by the Japanese National Government, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government established the Special Zone for Asian Headquarters in 2011. This study analyses the impact of this Special Zone Policy on the attraction of foreign companies.

Methods

The data on the number of foreign companies in Tokyo is used, and a difference‐in‐differences estimation model is adopted.

Results

The empirical results indicate that there has been a significant positive impact, considering an increase in the concentration of foreign companies in the designated areas of the Special Zone.

Conclusion

From the perspective of area agglomeration, the policy has a good process as first step. Therefore, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government should consider implementing a policy to increase the communication among Japanese and foreign companies as next step, while taking the agglomeration profit into account.
Strange Relations: When no German Spoken at Home is Associated with a Quick Progress in Acquiring German
Authors: Zaretsky Eugen , Lange Benjamin P.
Published: November 2021

Data from three follow‐up studies on language acquisition were re‐analyzed retrospectively to identify sociodemographic and geolinguistic factors associated with changes in German language competence of German preschoolers (N = 508). Surprisingly at first sight, factors unfavorable for German language acquisition (e.g., only other languages than German spoken at home) were associated with a considerable language progress. This can be explained by the fact that the language competence of children acquiring German under normal conditions had already been good before the first test session, whereas other children were developing their German language skills rapidly between two test sessions.
A geographically partitioned cellular automata model for the expansion of residential areas
Authors: Lu Yi , Laffan Shawn , Pettit Christopher
Published: November 2021

A key component of cellular automata (CA) models is the transition rules that determine the transformation of cells at each iteration. However, most previous studies use a single set of transition rules across the entire study region, and therefore do not fully account for spatial heterogeneity. In this research, a vector CA model has been implemented that calibrates transition rules by taking the entire study region and partitioned sub‐regions into consideration. The changes in residential areas were modelled for the city of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia, from 1999 to 2016. The results confirm that the spatially partitioned rules can generate more accurate and stable results compared to calibrated rules using the whole study area, with an increase of mean producer's spatial accuracy of 72.07 and 75.59% in two sub‐regions (2‐2 and 2‐3). The implementation of CA models with partitioned transition rules enables a better understanding of spatial heterogeneity in land use change.
Hepatitis C virus core protein uses triacylglycerols to fold onto the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Authors: Ajjaji Dalila , Ben M'barek Kalthoum , Boson Bertrand , Omrane Mohyeddine , Gassama‐Diagne Ama , Blaud Magali , Penin François , Diaz Elise , Ducos Bertrand , Cosset François‐Loïc , Thiam Abdou Rachid
Published: November 2021

Lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in viral infections, but exactly how remains unclear. Here, we study the hepatitis C virus (HCV) whose core capsid protein binds to LDs but is also involved in the assembly of virions at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer. We found that the amphipathic helix‐containing domain of core, D2, senses triglycerides (TGs) rather than LDs per se. In the absence of LDs, D2 can bind to the ER membrane but only if TG molecules are present in the bilayer. Accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition of the diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase enzymes, mediating TG synthesis in the ER, inhibits D2 association with the bilayer. We found that TG molecules enable D2 to fold into alpha helices. Sequence analysis reveals that D2 resembles the apoE lipid‐binding region. Our data support that TG in LDs promotes the folding of core, which subsequently relocalizes to contiguous ER regions. During this motion, core may carry TG molecules to these regions where HCV lipoviroparticles likely assemble. Consistent with this model, the inhibition of Arf1/COPI, which decreases LD surface accessibility to proteins and ER‐LD material exchange, severely impedes the assembly of virions. Altogether, our data uncover a critical function of TG in the folding of core and HCV replication and reveals, more broadly, how TG accumulation in the ER may provoke the binding of soluble amphipathic helix‐containing proteins to the ER bilayer.
Development and characterization of Gal KO porcine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kikuchi Takeshi , Nishimura Masuhiro , Hirata Maki , Tanihara Fuminori , Komori Natsuki , Tanaka Makoto , Sawamoto Osamu , Otoi Takeshige , Matsumoto Shinichi
Published: November 2021

Background

We demonstrated that neonatal porcine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (npBM‐MSCs) could improve a critical ischemic limb disease in rat model more efficiently compared with human MSCs. However, since porcine MSC presents galactosyl‐alpha 1,3‐galactose antigen (Gal antigen), MSC could be eliminated by the xenogeneic rejection. Recently, we established Gal knockout (KO) pigs by a technique of the electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into vitro‐fertilized zygotes. In this study, we hypothesized that MSC from the established Gal KO pigs could further improve the efficacy. Before examining the hypothesis, in this study, we have established and characterized bone marrow‐derived MSC from the Gal KO adult pigs (apBM‐MSCs).

Methods

Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from bone marrow cells of both Gal KO adult pigs and wild‐type (WT) adult pigs. MNCs were further manipulated to create Gal KO apBM‐MSCs and WT apBM‐MSCs. Both MSCs were assessed by their surface markers, the capability of differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, grow speed and colony‐forming assay. To assess the efficacy of Gal KO apBM‐MSCs, angiogenesis‐related genes and immunosuppression‐related genes were assessed by cytokine stimulation.

Results

Gal KO apBM‐MSC showed no Gal antigen on their cell surfaces. Both Gal KO apBM‐MSCs and WT apBM‐MSCs, presented little or no negative surface markers of MSCs, while they presented positive surface markers of MSCs. Furthermore, Gal KO apBM‐MSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes as well as WT apBM‐MSCs. There was no difference in doubling time between Gal KO apBM‐MSCs and WT apBM‐MSCs. Interestingly, the colony‐forming efficiency of Gal KO apBM‐MSCs was about half that of WT apBM‐MSC. However, angiogenesis and immunosuppression‐related genes were equally upregulated in both Gal KO apBM‐MSCs and WT apBM‐MSCs by cytokine stimulation.

Conclusion

We created and characterized Gal KO apBM‐MSCs which showed similar characteristics and cytokine‐induced gene upregulation to the WT apBM‐MSCs.
-rigidity of Lagrangian submanifolds and punctured holomorphic disks in the cotangent bundle
Authors: Membrez Cedric , Opshtein Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

Our main result is the$\mathbb {\mathcal {C}}^{0}$-rigidity of the area spectrum and the Maslov class of Lagrangian submanifolds. This relies on the existence of punctured pseudoholomorphic disks in cotangent bundles with boundary on the zero section, whose boundaries represent any integral homology class. We discuss further applications of these punctured disks in symplectic geometry.
On the Synchronization Behavior of Coupled Friction-Induced Oscillators Subjected to Base Excitation
Authors: Velayudhan Jithin , Narayanan M. D. , Saha Ashesh
Published: November 2021

The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the synchronization phenomena in a coupled friction-induced oscillator consisting of two cantilever beams with tip-masses subjected to base excitations. The coupling is achieved by connecting a linear spring between the tip-masses, which are in frictional contact with a rigid rotating disk. The Pearson time correlation coefficient is used to measure the strength and mode of synchronization between the oscillations of the coupled system. Periodicity of the motions is determined by evaluating the Poincaré map wherein the zero velocity crossing from positive to negative is considered as the Poincaré section. The fundamental frequency of the coupled motion and its harmonics are obtained from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the time responses. A bifurcation study is conducted to identify the periodicity of motion of both the uncoupled and coupled systems. The coupled system is found to be synchronized for the single-periodic, multiperiodic, and quasi-periodic motions, but not for chaotic motions. Multiple basins of attractions of initial conditions corresponding to different synchronization characteristics are observed. The coupled system shows a large dependence of the mass ratio detuning factor (MRDF) on the synchronization characteristics; in-phase synchronization is obtained for smaller MRDF, which eventually becomes out-of-phase for larger MRDF. A special study conducted confirms that the coupling can be used to control the amplitude as well as the stick-phase of motion in friction oscillators.
Spherical expansions of sound radiation from a finite line source with reduced error
Authors: Poletti Mark
Published: November 2021

The sound pressure due to a finite length line source is calculated using a spherical harmonic expansion. An improved expansion is then derived which uses a small argument approximation for the product of a spherical Bessel and Hankel function and exploits the fact that the approximation also works when the order is large compared to the argument. The higher order terms can then be approximated using the equivalent potential integral. This method can be applied to any calculation of radiated fields using spherical expansions. The improved expansion is most useful for the calculation of the sound pressure in the near field.
Excitatory-inhibitory balance modulates the formation and dynamics of neuronal assemblies in cortical networks
Authors: Sadeh Sadra , Clopath Claudia
Published: November 2021

Behaviorally relevant network-wide plasticity can be modulated by regimes of excitatory-inhibitory balance in cortical networks.
Noncoding loci without epigenomic signals can be essential for maintaining global chromatin organization and cell viability
Authors: Ding Bo , Liu Ying , Liu Zhiheng , Zheng Lina , Xu Ping , Chen Zhao , Wu Peiyao , Zhao Ying , Pan Qian , Guo Yu , Wei Wensheng , Wang Wei
Published: November 2021

Noncoding loci without epigenomic signals can be essential for maintaining global chromatin organization and cell viability.
Astrocytes contribute to pain gating in the spinal cord
Authors: Xu Qian , Ford Neil C. , He Shaoqiu , Huang Qian , Anderson Michael , Chen Zhiyong , Yang Fei , Crawford LaTasha K. , Caterina Michael J. , Guan Yun , Dong Xinzhong
Published: November 2021

Spinal cord astrocytes represent an important component of pain gating and exert nonneuronal control of pain.
The tempo of Ediacaran evolution
Authors: Yang Chuan , Rooney Alan D. , Condon Daniel J. , Li Xian-Hua , Grazhdankin Dmitriy V. , Bowyer Fred T. , Hu Chunlin , Macdonald Francis A. , Zhu Maoyan
Published: November 2021

New radio-isotopic data bracket the age of late Ediacaran fossil assemblages and two negative carbon isotope excursions.
Restoring activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus improves sleep architecture and reduces Aβ accumulation in mice
Authors: Jagirdar Rohan , Fu Chia-Hsuan , Park Jin , Corbett Brian F. , Seibt Frederik M. , Beierlein Michael , Chin Jeannie
Published: November 2021

Chemogenetic stimulation of the thalamic reticular nucleus increases slow-wave sleep and reduces Aβ accumulation in rodents.
Multicenter Comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for the Diagnosis of Rectal and Oropharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections
Authors: Van Der Pol Barbara , Chernesky Max , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Hook Edward W. , Joseph Ajith M. , Christensen Katherine , Arcenas Rodney , Boutwell Alexander , Wiesenfeld Harold C. , Taylor Stephanie N. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Golden Matthew R. , Moncada Jeanne , Jang Dan , Schachter Julius ,   the ExGen Study Group Kristal Aaron University of Alabama at Birmingham, Paula Dixon University of Alabama at Birmingham, Karen Eckert Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences – Integrated Diagnostic Solutions, Shiaolan Y. Ho Abbott, Medical Affairs, Michael Lewinski Roche Diagnostic Solutions, Kevin Luk Roche Diagnostic Solutions, Carl McGill Abbott, Medical Affairs, Shiv Parmar Becton, Dickinson and Company, BD Life Sciences – Integrated Diagnostic Solutions, James Price Becton, Dickinson and Comp
Published: November 2021

Research using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have repeatedly found rectal and oropharyngeal infections with
Chlamydia trachomatis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
to be common and potentially more difficult to treat than genital infections. Unfortunately, public health and patient care efforts have been hampered by the lack of FDA-cleared NAATs with claims for anorectal or oropharyngeal samples.
Role of the Arginine Cluster in the Disordered Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL34 for the Recruitment of ESCRT-III for Viral Primary Envelopment
Authors: Arii Jun , Takeshima Kosuke , Maruzuru Yuhei , Koyanagi Naoto , Nakayama Yoshitaka , Kato Akihisa , Mori Yasuko , Kawaguchi Yasushi
Published: November 2021

Herpesvirus UL34 homologs contain conserved amino-terminal domains that mediate vesicle formation through interactions with UL31 homologs during primary envelopment. UL34 homologs also comprise other domains adjacent to their membrane-anchoring regions, which differ in length, are variable in herpesviruses, and do not form distinguished secondary structures.
The Unique Glycosylation at Position 986 on the E2 Glycoprotein of Classical Swine Fever Virus Is Responsible for Viral Attenuation and Protection against Lethal Challenge
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Yuan Mengqi , Han Yuying , Xie Libao , Ma Yuteng , Li Su , Sun Yuan , Luo Yuzi , Li Weike , Qiu Hua-Ji
Published: November 2021

Viral glycoproteins involve in infectivity, virulence, and host immune responses. Deglycosylation on the E
rns
, E1, or E2 glycoprotein of highly virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) attenuated viral virulence in pigs, indicating that the glycosylation contributes to the pathogenicity of the highly virulent strain.
CsrA Coordinates Compatible Solute Synthesis in Acinetobacter baumannii and Facilitates Growth in Human Urine
Authors: Hubloher Josephine Joy , Schabacker Kim , Müller Volker , Averhoff Beate
Published: November 2021

The opportunistic human pathogen
Acinetobacter baumannii
has become one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections around the world due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and their optimal adaptation to clinical environments and the human host. Recently, it was found that CsrA, a global mRNA binding posttranscriptional regulator, plays a role in osmotic stress adaptation, virulence, and growth on amino acids of
A. baumannii
AB09-003 and 17961.
Bereaved parents’ quality of life: resilience and professional support
Authors: Rasouli Omid , Vegsund Hilde Kristin , Eilegård Wallin Alexandra , Hjemdal Odin , Reinfjell Trude , Moksnes Unni Karin , Lund Bendik , Eilertsen Mary-Elizabeth Bradley
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) among cancer-bereaved parents with a control group and explore how resilience and support from healthcare professionals associated with QoL of parents 2–8 years after the loss of a child to cancer.

Methods

This nationwide, cross-sectional survey was administered among parents (n=161) who lost their child to cancer between 2009 and 2014, compared with a matched control parent group (n=77). A study-specific questionnaire, Resilience Scale for Adults (six factors: ‘Perception of self’, ‘Planned future’, ‘Social competence’, ‘Structured style’, ‘Family cohesion’ and ‘Social resources’), and a single-item measure of parents’ QoL were included for the study.

Results

There was a lower QoL in both bereaved parents (mean=5.1) compared with the control parents (mean=5.8) (p<0.001). Two resilience factors, ‘Perception of self’ (OR=1.8, p=0.004) and ‘Planned future’ (OR=2.05, p<0.001), and given sufficient information during the child’s last month (OR=2.63, p=0.003) were positively associated with long-term QoL in cancer-bereaved parents.

Conclusion

The findings indicate lower QoL among both fathers and mothers 2–8 years after losing a child to cancer. The study also highlights the positive role of resilience and the importance of informational support on long-term QoL in cancer-bereaved parents. Bereavement support should be tailored for supporting individual needs.
Bone pain from spinal metastases: Iodine-125 brachytherapy
Authors: Shao Hongxue , Teng Lei , Dai Junzhu , Zhang Wenhui , Lin Shiyan , Zhao Liuyuan , Zou Huichao
Published: November 2021

Objectives

This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy and safety of CT-guided iodine-125 (125I) brachytherapy in patients with spinal metastasis-induced pain who were not suitable to receive radiotherapy.

Methods

A cohort of 68 patients with spinal metastasis induced pain not fully relieved by opioids and did not receive external beam radiation therapy due to poor general status were enrolled and underwent CT-guided125I brachytherapy for analgesic treatment.

Results

Patients were followed for 8 weeks after brachytherapy. Mean Numerical Rating Scale score before brachytherapy was 7.3±1.3 and decreased to 3.3±0.9, 2.6±0.8, 2.7±0.8, 2.9±0.9 and 3.3±1.1 at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively, after brachytherapy. Daily dose of morphine equivalent was 105.1±28.0 mg before brachytherapy and decreased to 45.3±13.7, 39.9±14.2, 40.4±14.9, 48.5±18.0 and 62.4±17.5 mg at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively, after brachytherapy. Patients had fewer daily episodes of breakthrough pain after brachytherapy (p<0.001). Patients had improvement in pain-related functional interference and in hospital anxiety and depression score after brachytherapy.

Conclusions

CT-guided125I brachytherapy is an effective and safe intervention for patients with spinal metastasis-induced pain who are not able to receive radiation therapy.
Palliative medicine outpatient clinic ‘no-shows’: retrospective review
Authors: Alcalde Castro Mirza Jacqueline , Pope Ashley , Zhang Yuhua , Al-Awamer Ahmed , Banerjee Subrata , Lau Jenny , Mak Ernie , O'Connor Brenda , Saltman Alexandra , Wentlandt Kirsten , Zimmermann Camilla , Hannon Breffni
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Patients who do not attend outpatient palliative care clinic appointments (‘no-shows’) may have unmet needs and can impact wait times. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes associated with no-shows.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed new no-show referrals to the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Oncology Palliative Care Clinic (OPCC) in Toronto, Canada, between January 2017 and December 2018, compared with a random selection of patients who attended their first appointment, in a 1:2 ratio. We collected patient information, symptoms, performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and outcomes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors.

Results

Compared with those who attended (n=214), no-shows (n=103), on multivariable analysis, were at higher odds than those who attended of being younger (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00, p=0.019), living outside Toronto (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.54 to 4.62, p<0.001) and having ECOG ≥2 (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.41 to 6.29, p=0.004). No-shows had a shorter median survival compared with those who attended their first appointment (2.3 vs 8.7 months, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Compared with patients who attended, no-shows lived further from the OPCC, were younger, and had a poorer ECOG. Strategies such as virtual visits should be explored to reduce no-shows and enable attendance at OPCCs.
Effect of Nb5+ Doping and LiNbO3 Coating on the Structure and Surface of a LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Liangjun , Xiao Li , Zheng Jiangfeng , Wang Hua , Chen Han , Zhu Yirong
Published: November 2021

Layered LiNixMn1−xO2 structures with high discharge specific capacity and low cost are anticipated as the next-generation of high-energy density cathode active materials. However, the mixed arrangement of Li+ and Ni2+ in the cathode materials affects structural stability. Here, Nb5+ was doped into the structure of LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 (NM82) to broaden the lithium-ion migration channels and alleviate the degree of ion mixing. LiNbO3 particle was coated on the surface of LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 to form a spherical compound and reduce the erosion of HF and the dissolution of transition metals, which helped ameliorate the cyclic and structural stabilities of cathode materials. NM82 modified 1% Nb2O5 (LN/NM82-1.0) exhibited maximum discharge specific capacitance (177.7 mAh g−1 at 1.0C following 200 cycles) and excellent thermal stability (189.0 mAh g−1 at 1.0C following 200 cycles at 60 °C). The corresponding capacity retentions of this material were 87.54% and 85.37%, as LiNbO3 particle coating on the surface of NM82 decreased polarization and charge transfer resistor. Nb5+ in the host structure suppressed structural degradation and enhanced discharge capacity. This study determined the influence of Nb5+ substitution and LiNbO3 cladding on the structure and surface of LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 and provides insights into commercial application of high-energy density layered structures of LiNixMn1−xO2 cathode materials.
Recyclable Composites of Mo/Fe Co-Doped ZnO1−x/Cu2O for Enhanced Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Su Qian , Wang Weiwen , Zhang Zisheng , Duan Jihai
Published: November 2021

A layer of Cu2O crystal film and ZnO nanoparticles doped with bimetallic Mo and Fe were successively grown on the surface of a copper mesh, which was applied in a liquid membrane photoreaction apparatus for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (PNRR). The characterization results indicate that the excellent ammonia yield benefits mainly from the synergistic effect of bimetallic doping, moderate oxygen vacancies (OVs), and p-n heterojunction. Surface defects caused by in situ doping of Mo and Fe ions act as active centers to capture and migrate electrons from the catalyst to adsorbed N2 molecule. With the introduction of bimetallic ions, the formation of more mesoporous enlarges the specific surface area, causing abundant reaction sites on the surface of the catalyst, which enhances the adsorption and activation of dinitrogen molecules. The existence of oxygen vacancy reduces the band gap and enhances the absorption of visible light. Furthermore, the p-n heterostructure promotes the effective transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers. Compared with the original Cu2O or ZnO, the photocatalytic ammonia yield of Mo–Fe co-doped ZnO/Cu2O is increased by 6.6 and 7.3 times, respectively, reaching 119.42 μmol cm−2 h−1.
Highly Active and Efficient Hybrid Sacrificial Anodes Based on High P Pig Iron, Zn and Mg
Authors: Prasad Nisheeth Kr. , Pathak A. S. , Kundu S. , Mondal K.
Published: November 2021

The work discusses the development of novel hybrid sacrificial anodes based on high phosphorus pig iron (HPPI), Zn and Mg with stoichiometry xP-y(Mg0.25Zn0.75) (x = 1.5, 3.5, 8.0 wt% of phosphorus (P) in the pig iron and y = 10, 20, 30 wt%). Mg results in highly active corrosion potentials (∼−1.0 V with respect to saturated calomel electrode) of the high P content sintered 8.0P-y(Mg0.25Zn0.75) as compared to the low P content sintered (1.5 P and 3.5 P)-y(Mg0.25Zn0.75) in 3.5%NaCl solution and artificial seawater. The formation of active MgZn2 after sintering and preferential dissolution of Mg in the 8P-y(Mg0.25Zn0.75) attribute to greater active behavior. The anodes show high anode capacity (∼773 to 815 Ah Kg−1) and efficiency (∼80 to 85%).
Interplay between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox State Dictates Cancer Cell Survival
Authors: Foo Brittney Joy-Anne , Eu Jie Qing , Hirpara Jayshree L. , Pervaiz Shazib
Published: November 2021

Mitochondria are the main powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which drives myriad cellular processes. In addition to their role in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis, changes in mitochondrial metabolism, permeability, and morphology are critical in cell fate decisions and determination. Notably, mitochondrial respiration coupled with the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC) set up a potential source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While low to moderate increase in intracellular ROS serves as secondary messenger, an overwhelming increase as a result of either increased production and/or deficient antioxidant defenses is detrimental to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Since ROS and mitochondria both regulate cell fate, attention has been drawn to their involvement in the various processes of carcinogenesis. To that end, the link between a prooxidant milieu and cell survival and proliferation as well as a switch to mitochondrial OXPHOS associated with recalcitrant cancers provide testimony for the remarkable metabolic plasticity as an important hallmark of cancers. In this review, the regulation of cell redox status by mitochondrial metabolism and its implications for cancer cell fate will be discussed followed by the significance of mitochondria‐targeted therapies for cancer.
The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy
Authors: Kouchakian Mohammad Reza , Baghban Neda , Moniri Seyedeh Farzaneh , Baghban Mandana , Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Najafzadeh Vahid , Safaei Zahra , Izanlou Safoura , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Nabipour Iraj , Shirazi Reza , Tamadon Amin
Published: November 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells, which are multipotent and possess the ability to differentiate/transdifferentiate into mesodermal and nonmesodermal cell lineages. MSCs display broad immunomodulatory properties since they are capable of secreting growth factors and chemotactic cytokines. Safety, accessibility, and isolation from patients without ethical concern make MSCs valuable sources for cell therapy approaches in autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Many studies have been conducted on the application of MSCs as a new therapy, but it seems that a low percentage of them is related to clinical trials, especially completed clinical trials. Considering the importance of clinical trials to develop this type of therapy as a new treatment, the current paper is aimed at describing characteristics of MSCs and reviewing relevant clinical studies registered on the NIH database during 2016-2020 to discuss recent advances on MSC-based therapeutic approaches being used in different diseases.
Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Depression-Like Behaviour in Rats by Enhancing Synaptic Plasticity via the GluN2B/CaMKII/CREB Signalling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Kun , Liu Ran , Zhang Jingruo , Wei Xifang , Gao Yuan , Ma Wen , Li Yijing , Cai Wa , Shen Weidong
Published: November 2021

Background. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity during the pathological process of depression has received increasing attention. Hippocampal neuron atrophy and the reduction in synaptic density induced by chronic stress are important pathological mechanisms of depression. Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts beneficial effects on depression, but the mechanism is unclear. This study explored the effect of EA on synaptic plasticity and the potential mechanism. Methods. Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into the control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), EA, and fluoxetine (FLX) groups, and each group consisted of 12 rats. The sucrose preference test, open field test, and forced swimming test were used for the evaluation of depression-like behaviour, and Golgi and Nissl staining were used for the assessment of synaptic plasticity. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were conducted to detect proteins related to synaptic plasticity and to determine their effects on signalling pathways. Results. We found that CUMS led to depression-like behaviours, including a reduced preference for sucrose, a prolonged immobility time, and reduced exploration activity. The dendritic spine densities and neuron numbers and the protein levels of MAP-2, PSD-95, and SYN were decreased in the hippocampi of rats with CUMS-induced depression, and these trends were reversed by EA. The molecular mechanism regulating this plasticity may involve the GluN2B/CaMKII/CREB signalling pathway. Conclusion. These results suggest that EA can improve depression-like behaviour and hippocampal plasticity induced by CUMS, and the mechanism may be related to the GluN2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway.
Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potential in Predicting Positive Functional Outcome of Patients after Decompressive Spine Surgery: Review on Challenges and Recommendations towards Objective Interpretation
Authors: Jamaludin Mohd Redzuan , Lai Khin Wee , Chuah Joon Huang , Zaki Muhammad Afiq , Hum Yan Chai , Tee Yee Kai , Mohd Salim Maheza Irna , Saw Lim Beng
Published: November 2021

Spine surgeries impose risk to the spine’s surrounding anatomical and physiological structures especially the spinal cord and the nerve roots. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a technology developed to monitor the integrity of the spinal cord and the nerve roots via the surgery. Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) (one of the IONM modalities) is adopted to monitor the integrity of the motor pathway of the spinal cord and the motor nerve roots. Recent research suggested that the IONM is conducive as a prognostic tool towards the patient’s functional outcome. This paper summarizes the researches of IONM being adopted as a prognostic tool. In addition, this paper highlights the problems associated with the signal parameters as the improvement criteria in the previous researches. Lastly, we review the challenges of TcMEP to achieve a prognostic tool focusing on the factors that could interfere with the generation of a stable TcMEP response. The final section will discuss recommendations for IONM technology to achieve an objective prognostic tool.
Co-Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih , Wijaya Ratna Sari , Hardjo Lugito Nata Pratama , Suriapranata Ivet
Published: November 2021

The presented cases describe the concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among eight healthcare workers (HCWs). These cases highlighted the importance of broad hospital screening during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Further study regarding the durability of antibody response induced by infection and first-dose vaccination is required to determine the appropriate time for giving a second dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among these cases.
Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Dysphagia after Stroke
Authors: Li Lingling , Huang Hailiang , Jia Yuqi , Yu Ying , Liu Zhiyao , Shi Xin , Wang Fangqi
Published: November 2021

Background. Dysphagia is a common sequelae after stroke. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a tool that has been used in the rehabilitation process to modify cortical excitability and improve dysphagia. Objective. To systematically evaluate the effect of NIBS on dysphagia after stroke and compare the effects of two different NIBS. Methods. Randomized controlled trials about the effect of NIBS on dysphagia after stroke were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBM, from inception to June 2021. The quality of the trials was assessed, and the data were extracted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. A statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 and ADDIS 1.16.8. The effect size was evaluated by using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Ultimately, 18 studies involving 738 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that NIBS could improve the dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) score (standard mean difference

SMD

=
1.44

, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.08,

P
<
0.05

) and the water swallow test score (

SMD
=
6.23

, 95% CI 5.44 to 7.03,

P
<
0.05

). NIBS could reduce the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score (

SMD
=
−
1.04

, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.58,

P
<
0.05

), the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) score (

SMD
=
−
0.85

, 95% CI -1.33 to -0.36,

P
<
0.05

), and the functional dysphagia scale score (

SMD
=
−
1.05

, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.62,

P
<
0.05

). Network meta-analysis showed that the best probabilistic ranking of the effects of two different NIBS on the DOSS score is

rTMS
 

P
=
0.52

>
tDCS
 

P
=
0.48

, the best probabilistic ranking of the SSA score is

rTMS
 

P
=
0.72

>
tDCS
 

P
=
0.28

, and the best probabilistic ranking of the PAS score is

rTMS
 

P
=
0.68

>
tDCS
 

P
=
0.32

. Conclusion. Existing evidence showed that NIBS could improve swallowing dysfunction and reduce the occurrence of aspiration after stroke, and that rTMS is better than tDCS. Limited by the number of included studies, more large-sample, multicenter, double-blind, high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are still needed in the future to further confirm the results of this research.