bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CEOS’ influences on the stock performance on companies
Authors: Machado Maria Augusta Soares , Moraes Ana Beatriz de Mello , Jacobsen Alberto , Caldeira André Machado , Santos Bruno Roberto
Published: April 2021

Investors are not concerned with subjective internal measures, employees’ satisfaction or internal policies regarding the CEO’s evaluation and their compensation.  For the investor, the most important aspect is the return of their investment. This paper focuses filling the gap left generically and quantitatively in evaluating the CEOSs influence on the stock performance on their companies during their management. The measurement of the CEOSs influence on the stock performance of the most important North American companies is this paper’s proposal. Assuming an efficient market and observing these companies’ stock performance during a specific period, it is possible to know with accuracy what these institutions created during the same period, as well as, expectation changes on their future profits. In this study, it was used some statistical tests described along the paper. This study demonstrated that, completely assume that the CEOSs of the main American companies were a determinant factor in the success of these corporations is a widely committed mistake.
Longitudinal work ability index (wai): a case study with workers in an agricultural research company
Authors: Silva Lilian Ribeiro Lacerda da , Achcar Jorge Alberto , Hermosilla Jose Luis Garcia
Published: April 2021

The main goal of this study is to describe the variability in work ability over time and to verify the influences of professional and sociodemographic variables. It is a longitudinal study conducted with 148 employees of an agricultural research company in a city located in the countryside of São Paulo state, Brazil. The Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire was applied to each individual in the sample in two times: December 2018 and June 2019. Different statistical analyzes of the data were performed using t-Student hypothesis tests for paired data, multiple linear regression models with normal errors, logistic regression models and Bayesian beta regression models assuming dependent WAI measures (the novelty of this study). From the obtained results, it is concluded that the Work Ability Index average decreases over time. Some covariates as education, physical activity, position in the company, number of children and nature of task have some influence on the variability of the WAI. The results of the data analysis show that the most important factor affecting the workers WAI index in both times is physical activity.
Socioeconomic and productive marine and estuarine fishery activity potential index
Authors: Alves Nathália Fernandes De Castro , Lorenzoni Rayane Colombi , Gomes Vanielle Aparecida do Patrocinio , Gonçalves Wellington , Freitas Rodrigo Randow de
Published: April 2021

Considering the need for increased productivity, consequently providing a safe source of quality food and economic sustenance for numerous families, fishing in the State of Rio de Janeiro is configured in an important way, and with a primarily artisanal and professional nature of small bearing. In addition to the fundamental aspect of human subsistence, fishing is an important economic activity, generating several other businesses and income for other economic sectors, such as transport, storage, processing and sale of products, construction and repair of vessels, and construction of artifacts and utensils, among others. Thus, the study of potentialities and vulnerabilities involving the strengths and weaknesses of the coastal region of Rio de Janeiro will assist in actions in favor of a broad development of activity in the coastal municipalities. For this, the analytic hierarchy process was used, a multicriteria analysis method, to construct hierarchies of these municipalities in terms of potential development, and thus the analysis of the environment was performed using a matrix to analyze the scenarios. The results point out that due to the importance accorded by the interviewees to the economic sub-index, the municipality of Angra dos Reis stood out in the order of priority of defining the municipality with the highest socioeconomic and productive potentiality index for fishing activity, presenting quantitative data related to sub-indices of greater importance than the other municipalities. However, when the analysis for each subscript was carried out separately, Angra dos Reis has the lowest classification for vulnerability to environmental and social issues.
Sigma metrics of Alinity ci system – a study on thirty-nine clinical chemistry and immunoassay parameters
Authors: Kanani Fatima Zehra , Haider Kazmi Adnan , Kaleem Bushra
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Sigma metrics in an invaluable and inexpensive tool used in laboratories to monitor analytical quality of the assays. Alinity ci platform is a relatively recent analytical system launched by Abbott Diagnostics, and as such performance studies on it are few. We have calculated sigma metrics of 39 clinical chemistry and immunoassay analytes on two Alinity ci systems.

Methods

Sigma metrics were calculated using results of method validation studies. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated according to CLSI EP 15 guidelines. Bias was calculated using three different methods i.e., proficiency testing material, alternate method comparison with existent analyzers and linearity experiment. Total allowable error limits were kept similar to or less than the ones used in reference studies.

Results

All analytes except blood urea nitrogen (BUN) demonstrated greater than six sigma value across one or more levels and methods. No analyte amongst clinical chemistry and immunoassays was at below three sigma class. Amongst electrolytes, sodium was below three sigma class at two levels by proficiency testing method, although it was above four sigma class by other two methods. Sigma levels obtained were comparable to those reported in previously published studies.

Conclusions

Acceptable sigma metrics were achieved for all clinical chemistry, immunoassays and electrolytes on Alinity ci. Sigma metrics is an objective and well established cost effective tool to tailor internal quality control practices. This study determines sigma metrics for a wide range of high throughput assays. Long term assay performance needs to be monitored.
Holistically Modelling the Medieval Book: Towards a Digital Contribution
Authors: Stokes Peter A.
Published: April 2021

The book has long played an important role in medieval and indeed modern culture, being at the same time a carrier of texts and images, a sign potentially of wealth and/or education, a site of enquiry for modern scholarship for literature, history, linguistics, palaeography, codicology, art history, and more. The ‘archaeology of the book’ can tell us about its history (or biography) as well as the cultures that produced and used it, right up to its present ownership. This multidimensionality of the object has long been known, but it has also proven a challenge to digital approaches which (like all representations) are by their nature models that involve conscious or unconscious selection of particular aspects, and that have been more successful in some aspects than others. This then raises the question to what degree these different viewpoints can be brought together into something approaching a holistic view, while always allowing for the tension between standardisation and innovation, and while remembering that a ‘complete model’ is a tautology, neither possible nor desirable.
Macromolecular Science Turns 100
Authors: Luscombe Christine K. , Russell Gregory T.
Published: April 2021

Being 100 years since the birth of macromolecular science, 2020 was meant to be the “Year of Polymers,” but instead it turned into the year of the pandemic. Actually the two are not unrelated —most PPE is made of polymer, and without it the health-care response to COVID-19 would have looked completely different and been far more treacherous. But that’s another story, one with which the IUPAC Polymer Division is engaging [1]. Here is the story behind the centenary year that wasn’t. It all centers on Hermann Staudinger, who changed everything in 1920.
The Continued Need for CHEMRAWN within IUPAC: A Personal Account
Authors: Sydnes Leiv K.
Published: April 2021

At the General Assembly (GA) in Paris in July 2019, the IUPAC Bureau recommended to Council that CHEMRAWN should be dissolved. This led many to question ‘What is the purpose of the CHEMRAWN committee?’ and perhaps this can be seen most easily through what it has done and continues to do within its role in addressing topics relevant to the UN’s sustainable development goals.
Sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae) aqueous root extract
Authors: Fageyinbo Muyiwa Samuel , Akindele Abidemi James , Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae) has gained wide and extensive applications in herbal medicine in Africa for the treatment of quite a lot of diseases. Owing to the extensive application and the propensity of persistent consumption of this shrub, this research investigates the sub-chronic toxicological effect of aqueous root extract of S. hispidus (SHP) in laboratory animals (rats).

Methods

The rats were allotted into four groups of eight rats each (n=8) and orally treated daily for ninety (90) days with SHP extract at 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg and the control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). The rats were weighed at 15 days interval. After 90 days daily oral administration of SHP extract, blood samples were collected from the rats into lithium heparin and EDTA bottles for biochemical and haematological analysis respectively. Vital organs were weighed and histological examination was performed on the liver and kidney

Results

The SHP extract displayed no significant (p>0.05) alterations in body weight of treated compared to control rats. At doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, SHP-treated rats showed significant (p<0.05) increase in white blood cell (WBC), without significant difference in other haematological parameters. Non-significant (p>0.05) decrease in urea and non-significant (p>0.05) increase Na+, K+ and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were observed. Significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver weight was observed without any alteration in the architecture of the liver and other organs investigated.

Conclusions

Aqueous root extract of S. hispidus demonstrated a good safety profile in rats. Therefore, S. hispidus is harmless and safe following sub-chronic oral administration.
Japanese apophonic compounds
Authors: Labrune Laurence , Irwin Mark
Published: April 2021

This paper provides a comprehensive description and analysis of Japanese apophonic compounds, such as ama-gasa (ame + kasa), ko-kage (ki + kage) or kamu-tikara (kami + tikara), in which the initial element exhibits one of three different pairs of final vowel alternations. The three pairs involved are e ∼ a, i ∼ o, and i ∼ u. To determine the controlling factors for apophony, its morphological function, its overall characteristics and its interaction with other compositional devices of Japanese (mainly rendaku) we constructed a database of 2,322 compounds. Each compound has as an element at least one of 22 “apophonic nouns” which may undergo vowel alternation when the initial element in a compound. The core results of this study are that there exists a range of morphological, lexical and phonological factors which tend to favour or disfavour apophony. The phonological factors mostly pertain to the length of either element in the compound. Further, it was also found that apophony is generally not linked, either positively (redundancy of morphological devices) or negatively (economy of morphological devices), to rendaku.
Clinicopathologic features of Good’s syndrome: Two cases and literature review
Authors: Chen Yi-Dan , Wen Zhong-Hui , Wei Bing , Xiao Shu-Yuan , Wang Yu-Fang
Published: April 2021

Background

Good’s syndrome (GS) is an immunodeficiency disease, causing thymoma, low or absent B-cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defects in cell-mediated immunity. The most common clinical presentation is recurrent infection, followed by refractory diarrhea, due to the immunodeficiency. However, there are only few reports on intestinal endoscopy and pathology.

Case summary

We report here two typical GS cases with diarrhea as the prominent manifestation. Both cases presented with thymoma combined with immunodeficiency, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, low or absent B lymphocytes, and decreased T-cells with inverted CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio, while two GS patients were evaluated by endoscopy revealed mucosal edema and fine-granular or nodular appearance changes in the small intestine. Histological examination showed chronic inflammation and villous atrophy. A very interesting finding is that the inflammatory cell infiltration in the two GS cases was different. In one case, predominantly CD138+ plasma cells with only scattered CD3+ T-cells infiltration were revealed, while in another, it showed predominantly T-cells infiltration without plasma cells in the lamina propria. Although GS cases shared various clinical characteristics with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) cases, they still differed from CVID cases in terms of its late onset, lack of familial clusters, low or absent peripheral blood B lymphocytes, absence of lymphoid hyperplasia, and plasma cells infiltration in the lamina propria in some patients. Although both patients had been diagnosed previously with recurrent diarrhea, respiratory infection, and thymoma, the association between these conditions and the possibility of GS was not recognized. The patients had remained misdiagnosed for 2 and 4 years, respectively, even after receiving the diagnosis of thymoma. The rarity of GS was likely the primary cause for the lack of disease recognition. Reporting of these cases will help to alert clinicians and raise awareness of this disease.

Conclusion

GS should be considered among the differential diagnoses for patients with unexplained recurrent diarrhea and opportunistic infection. Although it was regarded as a subset of CVID with thymoma, GS had a different clinical-pathological feature from CVID.
Effect of the galvanization process on the fatigue life of high strength steel compression springs
Authors: Özen Fatih , İlhan Ahmet , Sezan Hakkı Taner , İlhan Erdinç , Aslanlar Salim
Published: April 2021

In this study, a compression spring fatigue problem arising from the galvanization process was investigated. Fatigue, crack initiation and growth of galvanized and non-galvanized springs manufactured from fully pearlitic high strength steel wires were investigated. According to the results, the galvanized compression springs exhibited a low fatigue life due to hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement induced crack initiations formed under the galvanizing layer and adversely affect fatigue life. It was observed that local embrittlement on the outer surface of the spring wire causes crack initiations and disperses through the pearlitic interlamellar microstructure. Compared to non-galvanized and shot-peened specimens with the same surface roughness, compression springs, galvanized compression springs exhibited a 25 % reaction force loss at 50 000 cycles.
Structural hydroxyl distribution in jadeite grains and the diagenesis mechanism of jadeitite in Myanmar, Guatemala and Russia
Authors: Yingying Xing , Lijian Qi
Published: April 2021

Carrying out jadeitite diagenesis in its basic state as well as in combination with the multiple fluid activities of water, we focused on jadeite grains in production areas such as Myanmar, Guatemala and Russia to determinethe essence of nominal anhydrous jadeite grains and the distribution of structural hydroxyl in individual jadeite grains via infrared microscope. This is a scientific problem that urgently needs to be solved. The results show that a microscale of structural water in the form of structural hydroxyl is widely found in the jadeite grains of primary jadeitite in Myanmar, Guatemala and Russia. There are certain differences in the three groups of characteristic infrared absorption bands generated by the stretching vibration of the structural hydroxyl in jadeite from these different producing areas. The structural hydroxyl content of the individual jadeite grain shows obvious differences according to the producing areas, and the structural hydroxyl content in jadeite grains in Myanmar is up to 2522.11 × 10-6. By contrast, jadeite grains in Guatemala and Russia yield lower results. In addition, the structural hydroxyl content in individual jadeite grains in the three producing areas are inhomogeneous, showing an increasing trend from interior to exterior. However, dynamic metamorphism of different intensities and multi-period fluid participation lead to differences in the increase, whereby an increase in structural hydroxyl content in jadeite grains from Guatemala and Russia is slower. The study of the distribution of structural hydroxyl in jadeite grain from different producing areas is helpful for exploring the interaction trajectory of fluids involved in jadeitite and the diagenesis mechanism of jadeitite, a fact that is of great scientific significance for revealing the formation process and conditions of jadeitite.
Advances in Dion-Jacobson phase two-dimensional metal halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Niu Tianqi , Xue Qifan , Yip Hin-Lap
Published: April 2021

Low-dimensional metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to the traditional three-dimensional (3D) components, due to their greater structural tunability and environmental stability. Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, which are formed by incorporating bulky organic diammonium cations into inorganic frameworks that comprises a symmetrically layered array, have recently attracted increasing research interest. The structure-property characteristics of DJ phase perovskites endow them with a unique combination of photovoltaic efficiency and stability, which has led to their impressive employment in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we review the achievements that have been made to date in the exploitation of DJ phase perovskites in photovoltaic applications. We summarize the various ligand designs, optimization strategies and applications of DJ phase PSCs, and examine the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying their functional behavior. Finally, we discuss the remaining bottlenecks and future outlook for these promising materials, and possible development directions of further commercial processes.
Gully controlling practices associated with soil geotechnical properties in the subhumid Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Addisie Meseret Belachew , WAS Hailu Menale
Published: April 2021

Check dams are business as usual practices used to avert gully erosion development and sedimentation in the downstream areas of the humid highlands of Ethiopia. We investigated the status of check dams and their relationship with geotechnical soil properties in the sub-humid Fogera floodplain. The density of gullies in the area was more sever having about 3.6 km km-2 which shows the severity of gully erosion. Thirty-two dams constructed and monitored over one rainy season. In the beginning of the rainy season, all the dams filled up with sediments, and at the end of the monitoring period ninety five percent of them had destroyed and the remainings had partially destroyed and had sediments accumulated on one side of the gully bank. The longitudinal gradient of streams above the dams decreased due to sedimentation. The morphological change of the gully showed an increase in width-depth ratio, gully bank erosion, and sediment aggradation in the gully bed. We found that the amount of sediments deposited behind the dams were higher than the amount of eroded material. The higher clay content and Atterberg limits increased soil erodibility once the gully channel formed. The erodibility and saturation in these soils were highly contributing to gully development and reducing the effectiveness of check dams. In conclusion, it is better to adopt an integrated novel practice to control gullying than solely using check dams.
Improvement of soil available water capacity using biopore infiltration hole with compost in a coffee plantation
Authors: Hanuf Atiqah Aulia , Prijono Sugeng , Soemarno S
Published: April 2021

Coffee plantation management has an important role in soil quality in order to increase coffee production. Biopore Infiltration Hole with Compost (BIHC) can increase soil available water capacity. In this study, the goal was to improve soil available water capacity in a coffee plantation with the implementation of the BIHC. This study was conducted at PTPN XII Bangelan, Malang, on March - August 2020. A randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used. The BIHC consisted of two-hole depths (30 cm and 60 cm) and two types of compost (goat manure and coffee pulp compost). The soil characteristics observed were water retention (pF) and C-organic at soil depths of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm. The coffee tree observed were number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test and Duncan's Multiple Distance Rate Test (DMRT) at 5% probability, using SPSS program. Results of the study showed that BIHC was able to increase the content of soil C-organic and the available water capacity significantly compared with control treatment. The BIHC implementation could increase soil available water capacity up to 65% at a soil depth of 0-20 cm, up to 60% at a soil depth of 20-40 cm, and up to 51% at a soil depth of 40-60 cm more than the control treatment. The soil available water capacity suggested a significant positive correlation (p≤0.05) with the leaves number of coffee tree and chlorophyll content of leaves.
Gender Mainstreaming in UN Peace Operations and the Prevention of the Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers
Authors: Mensah Anna Naa Adochoo
Published: April 2021

20 years after the adoption of the landmark Resolution 1325, it is important to assess the implementation of gender mainstreaming in UN peacekeeping operations and its impact on the prevention of the recruitment and use of child soldiers. How has Resolution 1325 influenced the role of men and women in the fight against recruitment and use of child soldiers? What are the challenges and the way forward? This paper will examine the effect of gender mainstreaming in peacekeeping operations on the prevention of the recruitment and use of child soldiers.
A Critical Feminist Approach to Implementing Vancouver Principle 11
Authors: Johnson Dustin
Published: April 2021

In this paper I aim to provide a critical analysis of how Vancouver Principle (VP) 11 on the Contribution of Women to preventing the recruitment and use of child soldiers addresses gender and women’s involvement in peacekeeping. Critical feminist research on gender and war, the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, and international relations has examined and critiqued the important ways in which gender underlies, informs, and helps give meaning to matters of international peace and security. I draw on this diverse literature to discuss how VP 11 approaches gender and peacekeeping in a way that is at times problematic and at others nuanced and progressive, and provide concrete recommendations for how critical feminist insights can improve the implementation of the Vancouver Principles. The importance of understanding gender dynamics for peacekeeping in general, and for preventing the recruitment and use of children as soldiers in particular, necessitates more nuanced approaches to gender analysis and women’s participation. The implementation of VP 11 can support both of these areas.
Molecular alterations in Hürthle cell nodules and preoperative cancer risk
Authors: Doerfler William R , Nikitski Alyaksandr V , Morariu Elena M , Ohori N Paul , Chiosea Simion I , Landau Michael S , Nikiforova Marina N , Nikiforov Yuri E , Yip Linwah , Manroa Pooja
Published: April 2021

Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a distinct type of thyroid cancer genetically characterized by DNA copy number alterations (CNA), typically of genome haploidization type (GH-type). However, whether CNA also occurs in benign Hürthle cell adenomas (HCA) or Hürthle cell hyperplastic nodules (HCHN), and have diagnostic impact in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples, remains unknown. To address these questions, we (1) analyzed 26 HCC, 24 HCA, and 8 HCHN tissues for CNA and other mutations using ThyroSeq v3 (TSv3) next-generation sequencing panel, and (2) determined cancer rate in 111 FNA samples with CNA and known surgical outcome. We identified CNA, more often of the GH-type, in 81% of HCC and in 38% HCA, but not in HCHN. Among four HCC with distant metastasis, all had CNA and three TERT mutations. Overall, positive TSv3 results were obtained in 24 (92%) HCC, including all with ATA high risk of recurrence or metastasis. Among 111 FNA cases with CNA, 38 (34%) were malignant and 73 (66%) benign. A significant correlation between cancer rate and nodule size was observed, particularly among cases with GH-type CNA, where every additional centimeter of nodule size increased the malignancy odds by 1.9 (95% CI 1.3–2.7; P = 0.001). In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that CNA characteristic of HCC also occur in HCA, although with lower frequency, and probability of cancer in nodules with CNA increases with nodule size. Detection of CNA, in conjunction with other mutations and nodule size, is helpful in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules.
Galectin-3 in Predicting Mortality of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Chenxia , Lv Zhengtian , Li Xinyi , Zhou Xinbing , Mao Wei , Zhu Min
Published: April 2021

Background: In recent years, galectin-3, an inflammatory marker, has been demonstrated to be closely related to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to define galectin-3 in predicting mortality of heart failure.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. A total of 1540 studies were identified, and of these studies, 19 involving 9217 patients were included in our meta-analysis.
Results: The diagnostic hazard ratios of galectin-3 in predicting mortality in chronic heart failure patients was 1.13 (95% CI,:1.07-1.21 ) and 2.17 (95% CI:1.27-3.08) in acute heart failure (HF) patients.
Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows that elevated levels of galectin-3 are associated with higher mortality in both acute and chronic heart failure patients.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ТВОРЧИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ МИСТЕЦЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Boguta Valentina
Published: April 2021

У статті на основі аналізу наукової психолого-педагогічної та мистецтвознавчої літератури узагальнено ідеї вчених щодо формування творчих здібностей особистості й на основі теоретичного аналізу щодо сутності творчої діяльності, форм та методів формування творчих здібностей особистості та особливостей їх прояву у молодших школярів установлено, що хореографічні творчі здібності є якістю особистості, її інтегральною характеристикою.Актуальність проблеми зумовлена потребою усунення суперечності між завданнями інноваційної системи гуманістичної освіти та традиційним змістом і методиками викладання предметів мистецького циклу. Мета дослідження полягає в обґрунтуванні й розкритті змісту методики формування творчих здібностей дітей молодшого шкільного віку у процесі хореографічної діяльності, яка передбачає поетапну реалізацію системи завдань творчого характеру. Їх змістовий компонент передбачає формування стійкої позитивної мотивації до творчого самовираження у хореографічній діяльності, послідовне розширення і закріплення інтерпретаційних та імпровізаційних способів збагачення суб’єктивної танцювальної пластично-образної лексики, розвиток логічно-образного мислення, творчої уяви і фантазії, формування ціннісного досвіду самореалізації дитини молодшого шкільного віку із акцентуацією індивідуальної траєкторії розвитку.Результати наукової розвідки засвідчили, що поетапна реалізація системи завдань творчого характеру «відкритого» типу із дотриманням необхідних та достатніх педагогічних умов забезпечує постійний цілеспрямований вплив на формування досліджуваної якості.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМИ ЯК ЗАСІБ РОЗВИТКУ МОВЛЕННЯ ТРЕТЬОКЛАСНИКІВ НА УРОКАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ГІРСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ
Authors: Tkachuk Oresta
Published: April 2021

У статті розглядається проблема роботи зі стійкими мовними зворотами, з якими діти знайомляться ще на початковому етапі навчання мови. Фразеологізми репрезентовані в усіх сферах життя людини, їх діти чують з уст батьків та знайомих щодня, а тому стають зрозумілими і входять у щоденний ужиток. У гірських регіонах, де виховання відбувається у тісному зв’язку з природою, з дещо обмеженим колом спілкування та специфікою умов проживання, дитина досконало змалечку засвоює мовні багатства власної говірки чи говору, у тому числі й стійкі вислови. Однак коли діти знайомляться з підручниками, то часто у молодших школярів виникають проблеми з розумінням і усвідомленням змісту деяких фразеологізмів, які на даній території не вживаються або використовуються рідко. Програма початкової школи передбачає тільки поверхове ознайомлення зі стійкими виразами, що спонукає деяких учителів до несистематичної роботи над фразеологізмами. У статті наводяться результати анкетування вчителів Карпатського регіону з різним рівнем досвіду роботи. Аналіз опитування дозволив зробити висновок, що робота з фразеологізмами у початковій школі носить фрагментарний характер. Зроблена спроба проаналізувати дидактичне наповнення діючих навчальних книг з української мови для третього класу дозволила дійти висновків про те, що більшість вправ мають репродуктивний характер, хоча наявні й такі, що містять творчі елементи завдань. На думку автора статті, схвалення заслуговує підручник для третього класу нової української школи (укладач – Г.Сапун). У статтінаведено приклади прийомів роботи з гуцульськими фразеологізмами на уроках української мови у третьому класі. Поданий дидактичний матеріал може бути використаний як у процесі вивчення фразеологізмів у системі підготовки студентів вищих навчальних закладів, так і для розвитку пізнавальної активності учнів початкової школи на уроках української мови, літературного читання.
ІНТЕРАКТИВНІ МЕТОДИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ У ЛІТНЬОМУ ТАБОРІ
Authors: Shevchenko Svitlana
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню переваг викладання англійської мови у літніх таборах з урахуванням особистісно орієнтованого напрямку методики викладання, що є невід’ємною частиною інтерактивних методів навчання іноземної мови. З’ясовано, що інтерактивне навчання – це навчання, засноване на теоріях навчання, висловлених низкою психологів освіти, наприклад Еріксоном. Його ідеї були реалізовані в програмі під назвою «Супер навчання». Ця програма базується на дослідженнях, які вказують на те, що навчання стає тоді ефективним, коли учень перебуваєу стані розслаблення та коли матеріал подається за допомогою різноманітних методів навчання. Було виявлено, що максимальне навчання відбувається тоді, коли інформація сприймається різними органами почуттів і найкраще інтегрується, коли використовується як досвід у процесі навчального процесу. На основі цих теорій викладачам англійської мови пропонується створювати та представляти класи, що передбачають інтерактивне навчання. Інтерактивна спрямованість занять з іноземної мови – це один з головних компонентів, методичних та педагогічнихприйомів, завдяки яким можна досягти якісних результатів. Авторка акцентує увагу на важливості та ефективності застосування інтерактивних методів у процесі викладання англійської мови в умовах реалізації програм роботи літніх таборів, які пропонують відпочинок, оздоровлення та заняття англійської з волонтерами країн світу. У статті розглянуто дидактичні передумови організації інтерактивного навчання під час літнього відпочинку, проаналізовано ефективність кожного наведеного прикладу інтерактивного завдання. Доведено, що інтерактивні заходи є дуже ефективними і їх легко запровадити з-поміж учнів будь-якої вікової групи. Окрім того, інтерактивні заходи приносять задоволення; вони стимулюють дітей до легкого вивчення мови. Інтерактивні заняття мають атмосферу освітньої взаємодії між учнем та викладачем, що добре впливає на якість вивчення англійської мови.
ПЕЙЗАЖ КАРПАТСЬКОГО КРАЮ У ТВОРАХ МИТЦІВ УКРАЇНИ І СВІТУ, ЙОГО НАВЧАЛЬНЕ ТА ВИХОВНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: Hnatiuk Mykhailo
Published: April 2021

У статті висвітлюється історія розвитку пейзажу – одного із найемоційніших жанрів образотворчого мистецтва, який має особливий вплив на особистість людини. Об’єктом зображення художників є архітектура та її природне оточення на рівнині, в горах і на морі. Практика живопису на відкритому повітрі (пленері) здавна є обов’язковим компонентом підготовки митців-педагогів. Водночас малювання рослин (квітів, дерев), хмар, хатки та загалом пейзажу передбачене програмою образотворчого мистецтва початкової школи.
КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ
Authors: Hnatovska Kateryna
Published: April 2021

Стаття присвячена вивченню проблем толерантності та культурологічному підходу як засобу формування толерантності майбутніх спеціалістів. Толерантність визначено як особистісно значущу якість особистості. Зміст толерантних якостей визначається здатністю особистості до морально зумовленого вибору, спрямованістю рис її характеру, впливом навколишнього середовища, прихильністю до тих чи інших ідей. Проаналізовано значення культурологічного підходу з позиції формування толерантності молодого покоління. Описано, що поняття «толерантність» з огляду на його інтегративний характер є предметом вивчення різних наук: філософії, етики, політології, соціології, психології, культурології, педагогіки тощо. З'ясовано, що у формуванні толерантності майбутніх фахівців чільне місце приділяється розвитку демократичного мислення, пошуку нових підходів до виховної діяльності, урахуванню історично-культурних традицій різних регіонів України. Визначено, що стратегія формування толерантностіза допомогою культурологічного підходу полягає в тому, щоб забезпечити особистості всі необхідні умови для її духовного розвитку, інтелектуально-моральної свободи, вибору поведінки, формування почуття громадянськості, патріотичної й національної самосвідомості, вільної світоглядної позиції, уміння відстоювати свої переконання щодо збереження миру на Землі, гуманного та толерантного ставлення до оточуючих. Мета статті – узагальнити підходи щодо визначень культурологічного підходу в контексті дослідження проблеми формування толерантності майбутніх фахівців. Відповідно до мети дослідження було визначено такі завдання: проаналізувати теоретичні основи понять «толерантність» та «культурологічний підхід»; розкрити сутність та особливості культурологічного підходу як засобу формування толерантності майбутніх фахівців. Для розв’язання поставлених завдань використано теоретичні методи аналізу й узагальнення наукової та методичної літератури з досліджуваної проблеми.
Antecedents of Frontline Employees' Customer Orientation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hüttel Björn A.
Published: April 2021

This systematic literature review investigates the antecedents of frontline employees’ (FLEs) customer orientation (CO). In the literature various understandings of CO co-exist, which put an emphasis on different influencing factors and use different measurement approaches to study FLEs’ CO. The literature lacks a comprehensive literature review that structures and summarizes the fragmented empirical research on antecedents of FLEs’ CO. This study closes this gap by first, providing an extensive overview of the antecedents of FLEs’ CO, identifying and categorizing the factors that influence FLEs’ CO into four broad areas. Second, the study sheds light on the different understandings of CO and structures the fragmented literature. Based on the literature review, the study identifies avenues for future research in the field. Finally, the literature review gives guidance to managers by structuring starting points to enhance FLEs’ CO.
Single center experience from Egypt about fulminant hepatic failure in children
Authors: Salama Elsayed I Ali , M Adawy Nermin , Mansour Ashraf
Published: April 2021

Aim: To assess fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in children and its interrelating factors. Methods and materials: A retrospective review study of 24 patients less than 17 years old who presented to the National Liver Institute with FHF over a period of two years was done. FHF was defined as the presence of acute liver failure with or without encephalopathy without pre-existing liver disease, within 8 weeks of the onset of clinical liver disease. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibodies, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), IgM-anti Hepatitis B core antigen (HBc), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in nested PCR were done in all patients. Special investigations like alpha fetoprotein, serum copper, blood culture, drug levels and other metabolic studies were carried out whenever indicated. Detailed clinical evaluations and routine hepatic laboratory profile were done. Results: Acute hepatitis-A virus was the commonest cause. Severe coma was significantly present among non-survivals and no ascites. Patients who survived had got significantly lower level of prothrombin time, they also had significantly lower rate of descent of prothrombin time. Conclusion: Hepatitis A virus was the commonest etiology of FHF. The peak level of total serum bilirubin, the rate of change of the prothrombin time/day and ammonia level were significant predictors of mortality.
Academic Involvement in Children’s Education: An Investigation into the Lives of Domestic Worker Parents of Kolkata
Authors:   Department of B.Ed. (Economics), Loreto College, Kolkata, West Bengal-700071, India, Ghosh Rupa , Lahiri Sudeshna ,   Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal-700027, India
Published: April 2021

Parenting holds tremendous significance in today’s world as quality parenting facilitates the development of social and emotional competence in a child. The present study explores the dual role of domestic workers as workers and parents. Domestic Workers work from dawn to dusk to take care of their employees’ families. The obvious question arises: who takes care of their children, back home? As a parent, Domestic workers with their odd working hours and low or no literacy rate are nowadays trying to overcome the socio-economic challenges as well as handicaps of the profession by getting involved in their children’s academics. This paper investigates the effects of the length of working hours and education levels of domestic worker parents on their academic involvement with the children. The present study uses a descriptive survey research design to find out the relationship between academic involvement and work hours. The data was subjected to appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate a negative relationship between work hours and academic involvement. It is also revealed that higher education level to be associated with better academic involvement. The study thus calls for further intervention by schools and the government to motivate parents. Parent-teacher meetings may be of help in this respect along with workshops and government-sponsored programs to educate the parents to support them to climb up the socio-economic ladder through their children.
Newborns With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Are Concentrated in Poorer-Quality Hospitals
Authors: Lake Eileen T. , French Rachel , Clark Rebecca R. S. , O’Rourke Kathleen , Lorch Scott
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the extent to which newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are concentrated in some hospitals as compared with newborns without NAS and whether care quality and safety differed among these hospitals. We hypothesized that newborns with NAS would be cared for in poorer-quality hospitals.

METHODS:

Secondary analysis of 3 2016 data sets: (1) the panel study of effects of changes in nursing on patient outcomes-US survey of hospital registered nurses regarding work conditions and safety, (2) inpatient discharge abstracts, and (3) the American Hospital Association annual survey. Newborns in 266 hospitals from the 4 states where the panel study of effects of changes in nursing on patient outcomes was conducted were included. We used Lorenz curves to determine if newborns with NAS were concentrated in different hospitals than newborns without NAS and whether care quality and safety differed among those hospitals. Quality and safety were assessed by staff nurses by using standard survey questions.

RESULTS:

Of the 659 403 newborns in this study, 3130 were diagnosed with noniatrogenic NAS. We found that newborns with NAS were cared for in different hospitals compared with newborns without NAS (Gini coefficient 0.62, 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.68) and that the hospitals in which they received care were rated as having poorer quality and safety (Gini coefficient 0.12, 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.23).

CONCLUSIONS:

Newborns with NAS are cared for in poorer-quality hospitals than other newborns. Our findings are of concern because poorer-quality care is linked to patient outcomes. As stakeholders seek to address the opioid epidemic and improve outcomes of newborns with NAS, our findings suggest the importance of examining hospital factors.
Improving Isotonic Maintenance Intravenous Fluid Use at a Tertiary Children’s Hospital
Authors: Nordstrom Matthew , Landman Geri , Pfaff Nora , Kaiser Sunitha V.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Maintenance intravenous fluids (IVFs) are routinely used in the care of hospitalized children. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published clinical practice guidelines in November 2018 that recommended the use of isotonic maintenance IVF. Our primary aim was to increase the proportion of hospital days pediatric inpatients were exclusively administered isotonic maintenance IVF to ≥80% by May 2020 at our institution.

METHODS:

We conducted a single-center quality improvement (QI) study as part of an AAP collaborative. An interdisciplinary team led QI interventions including providing targeted education to clinicians, integrating guideline recommendations into the electronic medical record, engaging hospital leaders, and providing performance data to clinicians. Our study population included children ages 28 days to 18 years admitted to inpatient wards. Our primary outcome was the proportion of hospital days with exclusive isotonic maintenance IVF use. Balancing measures included transfers to the ICU, ordering of serum sodium laboratory tests, and adverse events. Data were analyzed by using statistical process control.

RESULTS:

We analyzed 500 hospital admissions and found a significant increase in exclusive isotonic IVF use (63% to 95%) within 9 months of starting our QI intervention. We found no significant changes in balancing measures (serum sodium laboratory tests [24% to 25%], ICU transfer [0.3% to 1%], adverse events [0.3% to 1%]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our interdisciplinary QI team led interventions that were associated with significant improvements in isotonic IVF use, in accordance with AAP clinical practice guidelines. With our study, we provide detailed guidance on successful interventions for implementing this evidence-based guideline.
Metric Development for the Multicenter Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes (IPSO) Collaborative
Authors: Paul Raina , Niedner Matthew , Brilli Richard , Macias Charles , Riggs Ruth , Balamuth Frances , Depinet Holly , Larsen Gitte , Huskins Charlie , Scott Halden , Lucasiewicz Gloria , Schaffer Melissa , DeSouza Heidi Gruhler , Silver Pete , Richardson Troy , Hueschen Leslie , Campbell Deborah , Wathen Beth , Auletta Jeffery J. ,   FOR THE IPSO COLLABORATIVE INVESTIGATORS
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

A 56 US hospital collaborative, Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes, has developed variables, metrics and a data analysis plan to track quality improvement (QI)–based patient outcomes over time. Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes expands on previous pediatric sepsis QI efforts by improving electronic data capture and uniformity across sites.

METHODS:

An expert panel developed metrics and corresponding variables to assess improvements across the care delivery spectrum, including the emergency department, acute care units, hematology and oncology, and the ICU. Outcome, process, and balancing measures were represented. Variables and statistical process control charts were mapped to each metric, elucidating progress over time and informing plan-do-study-act cycles. Electronic health record (EHR) abstraction feasibility was prioritized. Time 0 was defined as time of earliest sepsis recognition (determined electronically), or as a clinically derived time 0 (manually abstracted), identifying earliest physiologic onset of sepsis.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four evidence-based metrics reflected timely and appropriate interventions for a uniformly defined sepsis cohort. Metrics mapped to statistical process control charts with 44 final variables; 40 could be abstracted automatically from multiple EHRs. Variables, including high-risk conditions and bedside huddle time, were challenging to abstract (reported in <80% of encounters). Size or type of hospital, method of data abstraction, and previous QI collaboration participation did not influence hospitals’ abilities to contribute data. To date, 90% of data have been submitted, representing 200 007 sepsis episodes.

CONCLUSIONS:

A comprehensive data dictionary was developed for the largest pediatric sepsis QI collaborative, optimizing automation and ensuring sustainable reporting. These approaches can be used in other large-scale sepsis QI projects in which researchers seek to leverage EHR data abstraction.
Vasopressin-Dependent Disorders: What Is New in Children?
Authors: Driano Jane E. , Lteif Aida N. , Creo Ana L.
Published: April 2021

Arginine vasopressin (AVP)–mediated osmoregulatory disorders, such as diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) are common in the differential diagnosis for children with hypo- and hypernatremia and require timely recognition and treatment. DI is caused by a failure to concentrate urine secondary to impaired production of or response to AVP, resulting in hypernatremia. Newer methods of diagnosing DI include measuring copeptin levels; copeptin is AVP’s chaperone protein and serves as a surrogate biomarker of AVP secretion. Intraoperative copeptin levels may also help predict the risk for developing DI after neurosurgical procedures. Copeptin levels hold diagnostic promise in other pediatric conditions, too. Recently, expanded genotype and phenotype correlations in inherited DI disorders have been described and may better predict the clinical course in affected children and infants. Similarly, newer formulations of synthetic AVP may improve pediatric DI treatment. In contrast to DI, SIADH, characterized by inappropriate AVP secretion, commonly leads to severe hyponatremia. Contemporary methods aid clinicians in distinguishing SIADH from other hyponatremic conditions, particularly cerebral salt wasting. Further research on the efficacy of therapies for pediatric SIADH is needed, although some adult treatments hold promise for pediatrics. Lastly, expansion of home point-of-care sodium testing may transform management of SIADH and DI in children. In this article, we review recent developments in the understanding of pathophysiology, diagnostic workup, and treatment of better outcomes and quality of life for children with these challenging disorders.