bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telomere length as a biomarker of aging and diseases
Authors: Guzonjić Azra , Sopić Miron , Ostanek Barbara , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena
Published: May 2022

As research related to healthspan and lifespan has become a hot topic, the necessity for a reliable and practical biomarker of aging (BoA), which can provide information about mortality and morbidity risk, along with remaining life expectancy, has increased. The chromosome terminus non-coding protective structure that prevents genomic instability is called a telomere. The continual shortening of telomeres, which affects their structure as well as function, is a hallmark of agedness. The aforementioned process is a potential cause of age-related diseases (ARDs), leading to a bad prognosis and a low survival rate, which compromise health and longevity. Hence, studies scrutinizing the BoAs often include telomere length (TL) as a prospective candidate. The results of these studies suggest that TL measurement can only provide an approximate appraisal of the aging rate, and its implementation into clinical practice and routine use as a BoA has many limitations and challenges. Nevertheless, measuring TL while determining other biomarkers can be used to assess biological age. This review focuses on the importance of telomeres in health, senescence, and diseases, as well as on summarizing the results and conclusions of previous studies evaluating TL as a potential BoA.
Detention observed through the prism of human right
Authors: Milošević Dragana
Published: May 2022

The article contains an analysis of the reasons for detaining individuals and its more frequent application in light of the European Convention for The Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, with emphasis on Article 5. The human rights of detained individuals are analysed with a special focus on the ordering and extension of detention. The reasons why the extension of detention is requested need to be examined carefully because longer detention periods create the conditions for violations of human rights, which is why it is necessary to act on cases involving detention urgently and efficiency. The decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court which assessed the constitutionality of the provisions that define detention and the evaluation of constitutional appeals are analysed in the article.
Humanitarian intervention in the context of the crime of aggression under Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Radmanović Jelena
Published: May 2022

Even though it does not represent a new concept in international law, the notion of humanitarian intervention still causes numerous controversies when it comes to its content and applicability. Since this institute is tightly related to situations characterized by the use of force in international relations, the potential application of the institute of humanitarian intervention belongs to the domain of international criminal law, particularly in reference to the crime of aggression from Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute, which criminalizes the use of force outside of the boundaries set by the UN Charter. This article attempts to provide an answer to the question whether humanitarian intervention, if it were accepted as part of international customary law, can affect the application of the Rome Statute. In addition to the analysis of the significance of humanitarian intervention when it comes to the establishment of the elements of the crime of aggression, the article will point out the scope of this institute pertaining to the bases for the exemption from criminal responsibility according to the Rome Statute, referencing potential defence strategies in cases that could take place before the International Criminal Court.
Causes of stress in healthcare workers in hospital institutions
Authors: Keković Maja , Peličić Damir , Radević Svetlana
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Stress in healthcare workers in the hospital is a series of harmful physiological and psychological reactions to situations in which certain job requirements are not in line with its capabilities. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of stress in health care workers in the hospital conditions of the Clinical Center of Montenegro in Podgorica. Material and Methods: A descriptive research method was chosen. The sample consisted of persons of both sexes. 113 randomly selected respondents participated in the research, the target group is respondents employed at the Clinical Center of Montenegro, the Institute of Pediatrics, of which 27% are doctors and 73% nurses-technicians, of different education. An anonymous survey questionnaire compiled for the purposes of this research was used as a research instrument. It includes the working population of nurses and doctors, aged 20 to 65. Results: Measuring stress levels in health workers 27 variables were identified as potential causes of stress. Respondents point out "inadequate personal income" (68.14%) as the major cause of stress. More than a half of the respondents (50.44 %), point out that the biggest cause of stress is "Work overload". In third place is "Misinformation of patients from the media and other sources" (46.02%). As with previous considerations, it is evident that different causes of stress are treated differently in relation to the organizational unit in which the employee performs work duties. Conclusion: The biggest causes of stress, and therefore psychosomatic illnesses, are fear, worry and guilt. Lack of time, work pressures, deadlines, high expectations, but also many other factors can affect the occurrence of stress. Precisely for the above reasons, and having in mind the nature of work, this research sought to contribute to measuring how certain stressors can affect employees in a health care institution.
Psychometric assessment of the quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation and brief scale of perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination in Chilean nursing students
Authors: Machuca-Contreras Felipe , Maldonado-Holtheuer Marcia
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Nursing education has been incorporating different teaching and learning methodologies to achieve the development of competencies for nurses. Clinical simulation is a strategy that allows the development of these tools and has been incorporated into the undergraduate and postgraduate training curricula. In this sense, a broad evaluation of the insertion of these methodologies is necessary. Aim: To assess the psychometric properties of the quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation and brief scale perception of the quality of the objective structured clinical examination in Chilean nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a self-administrated survey was applied in a convenience sample of 96 Chilean nursing students. Through internal consistence was determined the reliability of the instruments. Validities were established by content and construct. To compare the means, one-way analyses of variance with post hoc Tukey HSD were performed. Results: The quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation entire scale obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.942, and the Corrected Item-Total Correlations ranged from 0.356 to 0.817. The brief scale of perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination entire scale obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.810, and the Corrected Item-Total Correlations ranged from 0.325 to 0.701. No significant statistical differences between groups were found. Conclusions: The quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation and brief scale of perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination demonstrated sound psychometric properties for assessing the perception of the quality and satisfaction about clinical simulation and perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination, each one. Both in Chilean nursing students.
Influence of meteorological factors on human health
Authors: Mirković Andrea , Savić Nikola
Published: May 2022

Temporal changes in temperature, humidity, height of atmospheric pressure and their impact on the psycho-physical functioning of man since the ancient Greeks have been the subject of study. At the beginning of the 21st century, scientists around the world are presenting irrefutable evidence that meteorological phenomena significantly contribute to the worsening of the condition in chronic patients, and also cause various health problems among healthy weather-sensitive people. Modern medicine defines a person whose organism is not able to adapt to changes in weather conditions as meteoropaths, and the state in which their orgasm is during that period is called meteorotropic.
The impact of digital transformation on the formulation of new corporate strategic directions
Authors: Kahrović Ernad , Kahrović Emina
Published: May 2022

The digital economy, as an economy primarily functioning via digital technologies, has made its impact on the development of the digital transformation concept. Such a form of business transformation requires the integration of digital technologies in all industries. The paper underlines the importance of the essential elements of transformation, regarding customer experience, operational processes, business models, employee experience and digital platform, along with the key business spheres relating to competition, innovation and value, which digitalization changes on the way. The main goal of the paper, therefore, is to point to the impact of digital transformation on the process of formulating new corporate strategic directions. With this in mind, the paper's main aim is to stress prospective corporate strategic directions of digital transformation under conditions of deep digital penetration. The paper is based on the working hypothesis that despite the fact that existing businesses most commonly start with market penetration, through developing a digital technology strategy, as well as a digital market expansion strategy, further development of digital transformation leads to the creation of digital platforms that are built by a mutual collaboration of numerous stakeholders connected through joint value creation and its delivery.
Research of differences between operating cash and cash on bank account in selected pharmaceutical companies in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Popović-Stefanović Jelena
Published: May 2022

This research analyzes EBITDA as operating cash and an indicator of the company's earning capacity and cash on account at the end of the business year. The study underlines the difference between EBITDA as operative cash and cash that is really on the account at the end of the business year and shows whether there is an interdependence between these two coefficients. The paper accepts the null hypothesis and rejects the alternative, so it can be concluded that there are differences between operating cash (EBITDA) and cash on the bank account at the end of the business year. The difference between a company's annual earnings and what is on the account at the end of the business year is clarified. Some of the relevant questions are: Are EBITDA and cash on bank account the same? What are the differences between these two concepts? As the answer to the first question is negative, internal and external stakeholders cannot save time in calculating the EBITDA ratio by observing only the account balance at the end of the business year. The second question was used for research for a more detailed explanation of these two concepts.
Technical requirements for the selection of rail grades
Authors: Popović Zdenka , Mićić Milica , Lazarević Luka
Published: May 2022

The most common types of rail defects on modern railway lines occur due to the rolling contact fatigue of rail steel. One of the methods to slow down the development of these rail defects is the application of new steel grades with increased hardness in curves of the larger radii and other characteristic track sections. Serbian standard SRPS EN 13674-1:2017 - Railway applications - Track - Rails - Part 1: Vignole rails 46 kg/m and above - comprises nine types of perlite rail steel with hardness from 200 to 440 HBW. Infrastructure Managers were increasingly applying rail steel hardnesses ≥ 350 HBW in order to extend the life cycle of the rails in the track. The paper presents UIC recommendations regarding the application of rail steel quality based on the results of the latest research and practical experience.
Cartographic scripting for geophysical mapping of Malawi Rift Zone
Authors: Lemenkova Polina
Published: May 2022

This paper describes a scripting cartographic techniques that automatically generate maps from open source spatial data using syntax of General Mapping Tools (GMT) and R. A case study present mapping East Africa with a focus on Malawi. In this study, two different approaches of scripting cartography using R programming language and GMT were studied for geophysical analysis aimed to visualize a series of eight new maps in Malawi: topography based on the GEBCO data, seismicity, geomorphometric modeling based on SRTM-90 m (slope, aspect, hillshade and elevation) and geophysical fields: geoid based on EGM-2008 and free-air Faye's gravity based on satellite derived gravity data from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1. In contrast to previous maps of Malawi, a scripting approach was introduced as a console-based cartographic mapping developed for plotting a series of thematic maps based on the high-resolution data. The maps demonstrate correlations between the topography and tectonic faults (Malawi Rift Zone) and earthquakes in the Malawi Lake and extent of landforms. The results demonstrate strong correspondence between the topography and geophysical fields (geoid and gravity): negative values of geoid (-15 to -20) are notable over the Malawi (Nyasa) Lake which corresponds with local topographic depressions. Free-air gravity fields reach the lowest values (-50 to -100) over the Malawi Lake. Local heights in gravity are compared with topographic mountain ranges in the NW and SW of the country on the borders with Zambia and Mozambique. The location of earthquakes vary with the majority located in the north. The geomorphological landforms demonstrate variability in slope steepness and aspect orientation shown on histogram. The techniques of scripts can be used to automatically map spatial data using raster datasets for geophysical visualization, and this paper demonstrated this through a variety of map from the presented thematic series of geophysical maps of Malawi. Full scripts used for mapping are available on the author's public GitHub repository with provided link to her open access codes.
Investigating cybercrime
Authors: Đekić Milica
Published: May 2022

High-tech environment is overwhelmed with threats and challenges. On the other hand, cyberspace is all about software and hardware being used to make a grid of the interconnected devices. The emerging technologies seek a technical skill to be managed and protected. The internet is a critical infrastructure that makes a lot of clients being dependable from its service. For such a reason, anyone interfering with such an asset in a harmful context is under the Criminal Code as the wellbeing of many can be under the risk in that case. In other words, affecting people's activities in the virtual world is a crime which needs the well-developed procedures and policies for being investigated. In this effort, we demonstrate some typical cybercrime schemes as well as propose some case management methodologies in order to explain how those incidents can be resolved.
Jilin Province implements industry-university cooperative education project
Authors:   Creative E-commerce (Shenzhen) Co.,LTD., LI Changkui
Published: May 2022

On May 20, 2022, the Jilin Provincial Department of Education issued the "Notice on Launching the Project Establishment and Project Closure Management of Jilin Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project in 2022" (Jijiao Gao〔2022〕12), implementing the 2022 University-Industry Collaborative Education Program, and the application period is from June 10, 2022 to June 30, 2022.
Implications of express delivery business modelling in the last mile industry
Authors:   , Worth Tracey Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

The more successfully the Last Mile Logistics (LML) industry delivers its service, the greater the chance of delivering the Customer Promise for retailers. The motivation for this research was, to better understand the expectations and demands of online customers and the effect thereof on the LML provision. Previous research has sought to apply an understanding of business and operational models to the home delivery service, including vehicle route optimisation and delivery innovation (Perboli, et al., 2018). The LML industry is complicated, somewhat illstructured, relying on multiple and cross-functional approaches that must often be changed with immediate effect, subsequently destabilising the delivery provision. This research addresses the “Implications of express delivery business modelling in the last mile industry” arising from an initial study. This research critically examines key business models as well as the overall governance of the UK LML industry. It then goes onto develop an LML business model. This research addresses the complexity of the end customers’ experiences, recognising the impact of technology, that supports the online customer and its effects on the LML industry. The research identifies a solution for a more efficient LML Express industry business model based on Parmentier and Gandia’s (2017) multi-sided platform model. In 2015, an industry roundtable discussion focus group raised issues affecting the LML industry. A five-year longitudinal last mile delivery survey followed, with an in-depth company study of one leading UK LML and one-to-one interviews with eight leading LML professionals. The results establish significant themes regarding delivery for the customer, and LML delivery service industry. Throughout the research, the reliability of current LML business models and practices were identified. Analysis showed a lack of confidence implementing rigid business models in multi-channel and directional flow of demand, in a fluid marketplace. The research conclusion highlights need to engage with a multi-sided platform business model, incorporating technology, within the customer demand chain. This research provides a solution in the form of a business model platform, that might be used by an LML across the whole or part of the business.
Empleo de big data y de inteligencia artificial en el ciberpatrullaje: de la tiranía del algoritmo y otras zonas oscuras
Authors: Martín Ríos Pilar
Published: May 2022

En el presente trabajo analizamos el uso de big data, así como de tecnologías vinculadas a la inteligencia artificial, en las labores de ciberpatrullaje y ciberinvestigación que realizan las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad. Nuestro objetivo principal es evidenciar aquellos aspectos que, en relación con dicho empleo, precisan de un abordaje legal que asegure la transparencia y el control de su funcionamiento, reduciendo, asimismo, los riesgos implícitos en su potencial capacidad de afectar derechos fundamentales. No puede examinarse el recurso a estas nuevas tecnologías sin alertar, igualmente, de los peligros de incurrir en una deriva probabilística que acabe reduciendo la actuación policial a la aplicación acrítica y automática de fórmulas algorítmicas.
Educação médica: a construção histórica do currículo médico e os desafios de renovação no século XXI
Authors: Ferreira Iago Gonçalves , Costa Márcia Rosa da , Cazella Silvio César
Published: May 2022

O
O estudo propõe uma reflexão crítica e exploratória acerca da construção histórica do currículo médico, seus modelos pedagógicos e desafios contemporâneos. A Medicina contemporânea tem enfrentado transformações desafiadoras no século 21, como envelhecimento populacional, avanços tecnológicos e científicos, transição epidemiológica, facilidade de acesso e informação pela sociedade. A sociedade do conhecimento impõe às novas gerações de médicos o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais interdisciplinares, além do domínio técnico-científico. Diante das transformações em curso na prática médica contemporânea, cabe a comunidade acadêmica a desconstrução de paradigmas de ensino obsoletos, de maneira a propiciar a concepção de novas práticas pedagógicas, congruentes com novo perfil médico almejado no século XXI.
FMR1 alleles in women with idiopathic infertility
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana Mataruco , Bianco Bianca , Rodart Itatiana Ferreira , Barbosa Caio Parente , Christofolini Denise Maria
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The frequency of the premutated alleles of the FMR1 gene varies from 1: 100 to 1: 260 Israeli, Canadian, Finnish and American women, but it is unknown in Brazil. Premutation carriers may have reduced reproductive age and are at risk of transmitting the expanded allele to their offspring, and consequently fragile X syndrome. Objective: To observe the distribution range of the FMR1 gene alleles in a population of women with idiopathic infertility, without symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency. Methods: The presence of premutation in FMR1 was assessed by conventional PCR, agarose and acrylamide gel and analysis of fragments in capillary electrophoresis. From the lymphocyte DNA obtained from 283 women undergoing infertility treatment. Results: It was observed that 169 patients had the normal heterozygous allele (59.7%), 114 had the normal homozygous allele (40.6%) and no patient had the premutation. Premature ovarian insufficiency is seen in 20 to 30% of women with the premutated allele. Thus, the condition can be asymptomatic in a large part of the premutation carriers. Brazil has a diverse population and, therefore, the allele frequencies of many gene variants are unknown. Previous Brazilian studies have shown a low frequency of the premutated allele in different patient cohorts. Corroborating these articles, the results demonstrated that the frequency of the premutated allele is low in the infertile women population studied. Conclusion: Tracking the size of the FMR1 gene alleles allows the expansion of knowledge about the frequency of risk alleles associated to genetic diseases in the Brazilian population.
Confiabilidade intra e inter-avaliadores do desempenho de processo da tarefa de levantar-se do solo em idosos
Authors: Mota Camila de Santana , Brandão Geisa Porto , Silva Maysa Vitória Santos , Assis Matheus Rodrigues de , Santana Frederico Santos de , Cattuzzo Maria Teresa , Safons Marisete Peralta
Published: May 2022

Introdução: A tarefa de levantar-se do solo a partir da posição decúbito dorsal é uma atividade básica da vida diária capaz de rastrear de forma rápida e simples a competência funcional motora. Seu desempenho pode ser avaliado de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, respectivamente, por tempo e categorias identificadas por listas de checagem. Níveis de confiabilidade em estudos que investigaram o tempo elevados. Porém, a confiabilidade das medidas qualitativa sofre maior oscilação devido à possível subjetividade do avaliador. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de confiabilidade da tarefa de levantar-se do solo em idosos. Métodos: A amostra de conveniência foi composta por 49 idosos (≥60 anos), livres de demência ou qualquer doença que os impedisse de realizar a tarefa de levantar do solo sem auxílio. O estudo baseou-se em Diretrizes para Relatórios de Estudos de Confiabilidade. Os participantes foram filmados por meio de câmera de vídeo de celular, realizando a tarefa de levantar-se do solo e as imagens foram decodificadas por dois avaliadores treinados. O processo de coleta e análise dos vídeos foi realizado de julho à novembro de 2019. A confiabilidade intra e inter-avaliadores foi analisada pelo Coeficiente Kappa (p≤0,05). Resultados: Os coeficientes encontrados para a confiabilidade intra-avaliadores foram K=0,761 e 0,542; 0,744 e 0,525; 0,692 e 0,684 e, inter-avaliadores K=0,527, 0,342 e 0,766, respectivamente, para membros superiores, região axial e membros inferiores. Conclusão: Em geral, para as três regiões corporais descritas pela lista de checagem utilizada foram encontrados coeficientes de razoável à substancial confiabilidade, tanto para análises intra quanto inter-avaliadores.
Analysis of optical radiation dispersion characteristics of an artificially triggered lightning return stroke process
Authors: Luo Xiao-Jun , Shi Li-Hua , Zhang Qi , Qiu Shi , Li Yun , Liu Yi-Cheng , Duan Yan-Tao ,   National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-optical Engineering, PLA Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, China
Published: May 2022

In this paper, improved continuous wavelet transform is used to analyze the dispersion characteristics of a group of optical radiation signals of return stroke in an artificially triggered lightning, and the analysis results are compared with the results calculated by the classical R-L-C transmission line model. The analysis results show that the arrival time of different frequency components of the optical radiation of return stroke presents nonlinear variation with frequency. Moreover, a turning point always appears in the low frequency band on the arrival time curves of different frequency components, and the turning frequency is usually between 10 kHz and 25 kHz. The existence of this turning frequency provides a new kind of parameterization basis for evaluating the characteristic and conductivity of the return stroke channel. Based on this, the channel conductivities of the six return strokes of this triggered lightning are estimated. The average variation ranges from 0.59 × 104 S/m to 0.96 × 104 S/m, and the overall average value is about 0.77 × 104 S/m, which are similar to the classical evaluation results.
Machine learning accelerated search for new double perovskite oxide photocatalysis
Authors: Wan Xin-Yang , Zhang Ye-Hui , Lu Shuai-Hua , Wu Yi-Lei , Zhou Qiong-Hua , Wang Jin-Lan ,   School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Published: May 2022

Double perovskite oxide A2BB'O6 has better stability and wider bandgap range than ABO3-type oxide, and exhibits great prospects in photocatalytic overall water splitting. However, owing to the diversity of crystal structure and constituents of perovskite oxide, rapidly and accurately searching for A2BB'O6 for photocatalyst is still a big challenge, both experimentally and theoretically. In this work, in order to screen out suitable double perovskite oxide photocatalysts, a multi-step framework combined with machine learning technique and first-principles calculations is proposed. Nearly 8000 candidates with proper bandgaps for water splitting are screened out from among more than 50000 A2BB'O6-type double perovskite oxides. Statistical analysis of the results shows that double perovskite oxides with d10 metal ions at B/B' sites are more likely to have good absorption of visible light, and the structural symmetry of double perovskite also has influence on the bandgap value. Furthermore, first-principles calculations demonstrate that Sr2GaSbO6, Sr2InSbO6 and K2NbTaO6 are non-toxic photocatalyst candidates with proper band edges for overall water splitting.
Numerical recognition of C15 unit in rapid solidification Ni70Ag30 nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Ming-Xiang , Tian Ze-An , Xie Quan , Gao Ting-Hong , Liang Yong-Chao , Chen Qian ,   Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, School of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China,   College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Published: May 2022

Simulation has become an important tool in materials science, it is a prerequisite to study the correlation between the structure and properties of materials, in that the structural characteristics of the system from the atomic coordinates output can be obtained by simulations. For simple (FCC, HCP, and BCC) crystals containing only 2-6 atoms, in the numerical analysis method, what needs to be determined is only the local characteristics of each atom. However, it is extremely computationally intensive to determine the cells containing tens or hundreds of atoms. The combination of numerical analysis and visualization is one of the methods to solve this kind of problem. In this work, Ni70Ag30 nanoparticles are simulated by molecular dynamics. It is found that the nanoparticles contain FCC crystals and a large number of complex topologically close-packed (TCP) structures. Using the analysis software based on the largest standard cluster analysis (LaSCA), the C15 phase of TCP atoms in nanoparticles is determined by topology configuration analysis and crystallography knowledge. The analytical ideas provide the algorithm logic fordeveloping the numerical recognition software for complex crystal structures in the future.
Broadband modulation of terahertz wave polarization states with flexible metamaterial
Authors: Chen Le-Di , Fan Ren-Hao , Liu Yu , Tang Gong-Hui , Ma Zhong-Li , Peng Ru-Wen , Wang Mu ,   National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: May 2022

In this work, we study the broadband manipulation of polarization states of terahertz (THz) waves with flexible metamaterial both theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, we construct a chiral THz metamaterial with asymmetric L-shaped metal-dielectric-metal structure, generating a series of electric dipoles via its interacting with terahertz waves. By changing the geometric parameters of the structure, the time responses of the electric dipoles in the two orthogonal directions are effectively modulated. Consequently, the chiral metamaterial efficiently converts linearly polarized terahertz wave into a circularly polarized one. The radiation of the metamaterial remains almost unaffected by the changing of the incident angle, which indicates that this chiral metamaterial can be used to realize a flexible terahertz circularly-polarized wave plate. Further, we present the working principle of this flexible terahertz circularly-polarized wave plate at the bending state based on the equivalent circuit model. Moreover, we fabricate a flexible metamaterial wave plate by using polymers as the dielectric layer. When the linearly polarized light is incident on the metamaterial, the circularly polarized output can be achieved in a wide frequency range of 0.46–0.62 THz. The polarization conversion remains quite stable even if the sample is bent. This flexible terahertz metamaterial wave plate is expected to be applied to 6G communication, molecular detection, etc.
Individualized discovery of rare cancer drivers in global network context
Authors: Petrov Iurii , Alexeyenko Andrey
Published: May 2022

Late advances in genome sequencing expanded the space of known cancer driver genes several-fold. However, most of this surge was based on computational analysis of somatic mutation frequencies and/or their impact on the protein function. On the contrary, experimental research necessarily accounted for functional context of mutations interacting with other genes and conferring cancer phenotypes. Eventually, just such results become ‘hard currency’ of cancer biology. The new method, NEAdriver employs knowledge accumulated thus far in the form of global interaction network and functionally annotated pathways in order to recover known and predict novel driver genes. The driver discovery was individualized by accounting for mutations’ co-occurrence in each tumour genome – as an alternative to summarizing information over the whole cancer patient cohorts. For each somatic genome change, probabilistic estimates from two lanes of network analysis were combined into joint likelihoods of being a driver. Thus, ability to detect previously unnoticed candidate driver events emerged from combining individual genomic context with network perspective. The procedure was applied to 10 largest cancer cohorts followed by evaluating error rates against previous cancer gene sets. The discovered driver combinations were shown to be informative on cancer outcome. This revealed driver genes with individually sparse mutation patterns that would not be detectable by other computational methods and related to cancer biology domains poorly covered by previous analyses. In particular, recurrent mutations of collagen, laminin, and integrin genes were observed in the adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cancers. Considering constellation patterns of candidate drivers in individual cancer genomes opens a novel avenue for personalized cancer medicine.
Resiliencia económica en las regiones de Chile: El rol de la competitividad regional en las crisis asiática y financiera
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile., Delgado-Bell Cristian , Maroto Andrés ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España., Atienza Miguel ,   Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
Published: May 2022

Las profundas crisis y las distintas trayectorias de recuperación de las regiones han renovado el interés por el estudio de la resiliencia económica regional. Sin embargo, su reciente desarrollo, tanto teórico como empírico, ha prestado poca atención al fenómeno en economías subdesarrolladas, incluida Latinoamérica. Esta investigación realiza una exploración empírica del concepto desde el enfoque de la ingeniería, cuantificando la respuesta de las regiones de la economía chilena a los shocks (crisis asiática y financiera), mediante distintas medidas de resistencia y recuperación, con un seguimiento individualizado de los declives en el empleo de cada región. Además, se estudia el rol de los efectos nacionales, sectoriales y competitivos regionales en la resiliencia económica. Las medidas de resistencia y recuperación exhiben amplias diferencias y una persistente vulnerabilidad en dos regiones del sur de Chile. Asimismo, los efectos competitivos de cada región, secundados por los efectos nacionales, son preponderantes en la resiliencia económica regional.
Redes institucionales en el sector del software: un análisis de la experiencia de Tandil (2003-2018)
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Girolimo Ulises , Diez José-Ignacio ,   Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Published: May 2022

La literatura especializada en las trayectorias sectoriales del software y los servicios informáticos (SSI) señala que, en las últimas décadas, se verificaron procesos de offshoring y outsourcing que posibilitaron la incorporación de diferentes países a la producción global. Al mismo tiempo, el desarrollo del sector en cada país se relaciona con elementos locales, como las características, capacidades y acciones de los actores existentes en una ciudad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las dinámicas de las redes institucionales en torno al SSI en Tandil (Argentina), durante el periodo 2003-2018. Se combinan enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, centrados en el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, complementados con la revisión de fuentes secundarias. La propuesta teórico-metodológica articula perspectivas diversas, como el análisis de redes sociales, los sistemas locales de innovación y las redes de conocimiento. El propósito es contribuir a los estudios sobre redes institucionales en sectores intensivos en conocimiento, en ciudades argentinas.
Gentrificación periurbana y cambios socioterritoriales en la periferia de Puebla, México
Authors:   El Colegio de México (colmex), Ciudad de México, México., Hernández-Flores José-Alvaro
Published: May 2022

Entre los estudios que abordan los cambios socioterritoriales inducidos por la expansión de las grandes ciudades sobre sus áreas periféricas, destacan aquellos que retoman el concepto de gentrificación para aludir al proceso de reapropiación de un territorio por parte del capital, el cual pone en marcha transformaciones de diversa índole que derivan en el desplazamiento de la población originaria. Con base en un índice de transformación socioespacial (itse), el presente trabajo identifica las distintas expresiones del proceso de gentrificación en dos municipios conurbados a la capital del estado de Puebla, en la región centro de México. A partir de este caso se discuten las modalidades específicas de gentrificación y desplazamiento que acompañan el proceso de crecimiento urbano en las periferias latinoamericanas, evidenciando el importante papel que desempeña el Estado en la generación de condiciones apropiadas para la reinversión de capital en áreas específicas de la periferia.
Por la senda de los 'profesores taxis': los efectos de la desprofesionalización académica en educación superior. Una aproximación cualitativa desde Chile
Authors: Cantillana Barañados Raphael , Portilla-Vásquez Isabel
Published: May 2022

N La presente producción está orientada a describir y reflexionar sobre los efectos que produce la desprofesionalización académica en el desarrollo propio de las universidades. Esto se realiza a partir de los discursos de académicos, directivos y estudiantes como actores y sujetos activos de los contextos universitarios. El trabajo corresponde a parte de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa de tipo inductiva cuyo levantamiento de información se realizó a través de la aplicación del método etnográfico.  El análisis se articuló a partir de la problematización del vínculo inconexo entre académicos, su campo disciplinar y las instituciones de educación superior. La desprofesionalización académica, la distorsión de su contexto y las lógicas de la institucionalidad, se constituyen como los tópicos centrales de este trabajo, el cual concluye que estos fenómenos producen negligencias y dislocan los proyectos educativos de las instituciones de educación superior.
Objetividad, Ecología y Problemática Ambiental
Authors: Di Pasquo Federico , Klier Gabriela , Bussan Tomás Emilio , Del Castillo Daniel
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo indagamos el modo en que la ecología se dirige a su objeto de estudio, la naturaleza. “Ilustramos” este modo de estudiar la naturaleza mediante una crítica a la objetividad desarrollada por Theodore Roszak. Destacando que la ecología opera, en el contexto de la problemática ambiental, <> fuese objetiva. En este marco, problematizamos: (i) cómo se construye un significado de la naturaleza desde la ecología, (ii) cómo se silencia la experiencia del ecólogo en la naturaleza, (iii) cómo se da el vínculo entre valores (espirituales, estéticos o recreativos) y conocimiento ecosistémico y finalmente (iv) abordamos el carácter <> del conocimiento ecosistémico y su posición hegemónica en el contexto de la problemática ambiental. En líneas generales, las conclusiones del presente trabajo se dirigen a relegar al conocimiento ecosistémico a un lugar más modesto dentro de la actual crisis ambiental.
Astroinformática y prospección de la astronomía chilena: Sub-disciplina en el escenario global y desarrollo científico local
Authors: Espinosa Rada Alejandro , Ortiz Ruiz Francisco , Cereceda Lorca Trinidad
Published: May 2022

El siguiente articulo busca contribuir al entendimiento de la astroinformática como una sub-disciplina emergente en el contexto de un sostenido incremento en las grandes cantidades de datos en la astronomía. Para ello, se realiza un estudio cualitativo en donde se entrevista a expertos internacionales de tal forma de indagar en los temas de interés de esta área y cómo ha sido definida. De la misma forma, se utiliza la tesis de la triple hélice – como coordinación entre empresa-estado-universidad- de tal forma de explorar lo que ha realizado Chile para posicionarse en el escenario global y desarrollar su cultura científica local a través de la astroinformática. Se concluye con los desafíos que enfrenta el país para llevar a cabo dicha empresa en la actual conformación de un sub-campo científico y el rol que podría tener en la conformación de esta nueva generación en el campo del saber astronómico.
Inserción laboral de migrantes en los territorios agrarios de Chile: el caso de la región del Maule
Authors: Micheletti Stefano
Published: May 2022

El artículo aborda el proceso de inserción laboral de migrantes en los territorios agrarios chilenos, a partir del caso de la Región del Maule (Chile). Junto con realizar una breve revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema a nivel latinoamericano, se indaga en las motivaciones de las/os inmigrantes para elegir un territorio agrario como lugar de destino, y en sus estrategias de inserción laboral en un contexto caracterizado por una matriz identitaria rural y una estructura de producción local vinculada al ámbito silvoagropecuario. A partir de lo cual, se esbozan algunas reflexiones iniciales sobre las trayectorias laborales es ese sector productivo. Para el desarrollo del estudio, se adoptó una estrategia metodológica mixta, con énfasis en los métodos cualitativos; se realizaron y analizaron 57 entrevistas a migrantes residentes en la Región del Maule. Los resultados muestran que, entre los principales elementos que motivan la elección del Maule como lugar de destino, están las características urbano-rurales del territorio y la posibilidad de acceder a una oferta laboral que –si bien precaria— es abundante, especialmente en el ámbito agrícola. Por otro lado, el patrón de hábitat urbano y la inserción laboral en la rama agrícola de las/os extranjeras/os –especialmente haitianas/os— profundiza la lógica productiva de los territorios agrarios.
Las bifurcaciones: un estado del arte en la sociología
Authors: Tabilo Prieto Ismael
Published: May 2022

Sería necesario una obra completa para analizar rigurosamente los vínculos complejos que los sociólogos, en toda su diversidad, han mantenido con las nociones como contingencia, ruptura, acontecimiento, y todas las otras que se han erigido en torno a la idea de bifurcación. Nos conformaremos aquí con mantenernos en un nivel más general. En un primer momento, volveremos de manera sucinta a los contextos nacionales en los que se constituyó la sociología, ya que nos parece que el rechazo explícito a la contingencia y los eventos es más marcado en la tradición francesa, particularmente en la línea Durkheimiana.
Preliminares al estudio de la huella en lingüística
Authors: Arias Javier
Published: May 2022

El presente documento constituye un breve avance de una obra en curso mucho más larga y más detallada sobre el concepto de “huella” en la teoría lingüística contemporánea, particularmente en la sintaxis. Se cree, por lo común, que la idea fue acuñada por Noam Chomsky. Sin embargo, ya detectamos su uso, con un valor muy preciso, en los primeros trabajos de Zellig Harris sobre lingüística matemática o, para ser más exactos, sobre estructuras 2matemáticas del lenguaje. En sus orígenes, en lugar de ser un índice responsable de marcar la ubicación de una unidad antes de su movimiento sintáctico (que siempre toma la forma de fronting), la traza o huella era el resultado de un producto matricial entre funciones n-ádicas. Por lo tanto, en Harris la huella es principalmente un concepto anclado en el cálculo matricial o, dicho de otro modo, una noción algebraica. La noción de Chomsky, por su parte, está estrechamente relacionada con el lenguaje de programación LISP. EL presente texto busca proporcionar un análisis preliminar de la complejidad conceptual implícita en el concepto de huella, del cual los lingüistas deben tomar conciencia, porque de lo contrario estarán condenados a enredarse en malentendidos infructuosos para nuestra disciplina durante las próximas décadas.
Medianización social y transformaciones residenciales recientes en ciudades de La Araucanía
Authors: Vergara Luis
Published: May 2022

El capitalismo neoliberal ha impulsado procesos de reestructuración de las clases sociales al interior de los espacios urbanos, los que han derivado en nuevas formas de construir ciudad. Este artículo analiza la manera en que las transformaciones en la estructura social de clases de las últimas décadas han impactado en las dinámicas urbanas de tres ciudades de La Araucanía: Temuco, Angol y Villarrica. Los resultados dan cuenta de que estas ciudades avanzan hacia procesos de medianización de su estructura social a la vez que han disminuido los grupos asociados a clase baja. En ese contexto, se muestra cómo aquellas dinámicas sociales se expresan en clave territorial al interior de los espacios urbanos de la Región, complementándose con dinámicas inmobiliarias locales que se mueven entre el incremento de la mixtura social del espacio y la expulsión de las clases bajas de las áreas urbanas consolidadas. Se finaliza reflexionando sobre la necesidad de avanzar hacia la comprensión de cómo las particularidades de estas ciudades tienen capacidad para construir comunidades en ellas.
Machi Zugu: Ser Machi
Authors: Quidel Lincoleo José
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como primer objetivo provocar una discusión interna acerca de la institución del machi. Por ende un objetivo formativo hacia nuestra sociedad como asímismo hacia la juventud que acude al respaldo escrito de los conocimientos mapuche.El segundo objetivo es más bien de carácter político cultural dirigido a la sociedad nacional que aparece necesario ante las reiteradas imprecisiones que ocurren permanentemente acerca del tema de lo que es SER machi, MACHIGEN; específicamente a las definiciones de machi que surgieron en un texto escolar de circulación nacional y el cual provocó un alto nivel de critica en las distintas esferas de las instituciones mapuche y no mapuche.
Esbozo para una etnografía del vagabundo
Authors: Berhó Marcelo
Published: May 2022

Este es un intento por revelar; en los términos más cercanos a la realidad,, el mundo de las diferencias (y las semejanzas) de lo que pueden llamarse estilos de vida vagabunda. A través de tal acercamiento se pretende dilucidar la condición sociocultural de las personas vagabundas de la ciudad de Temuco y abrir una discusión en torno a las tonalidades y los diversos contornos que proyectan distintas clases de personas vagabundas, sugiriendo que la etiqueta -de vagabundo encierra un universo de vivencias y significados muy heterogéneo que puede revelarse y hacerse inteligible a la luz de la investigación y el trabajo etnográfico.
Ochrobactrum intermedium Bacteraemia in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Case Report of Rare Co-infection from Northern India
Authors: Siddiqui Tasneem , Shamim Rafat , Singhpatel Sangram , Sahu Chinmoy , Kar Mitra
Published: May 2022

Ochrobactrum intermedium (O. intermedium) is a novel emerging gram negative bacillus infecting immunocompromised hosts. It is known for its multidrug resistance and to distinguish it from other species of Ochrobactrum genus by conventional methods, is often difficult. Here, authors report two unusual and interesting cases of bacterial infection due to O. intermedium in a 28-yearold female and 46-year-old male having Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Rapid identification by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Time Of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and patient’s treatment guided by antibiotic sensitivity yielded in favourable outcome. Present report describes clinical and microbiological characteristics of this rare pathogen and also highlights the need of automated methods for proper identification of such opportunistic pathogens and their unique antibiotic susceptibility profiles.