bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agroecological Statistics: Problems of Formation and Development
Authors: Dumnov A. D. , Vasil’eva V. N. , Kharitonova A. E. , Demin A. P.
Published: July 2020

This article is a journal version of a brief description of the study of the problems of the formation and implementation in practice of a system of indicators of agroecological statistics, initiated and organized by the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS Statcommittee) in 2019. The study analyzed and used many international as well as national methodological, organizational and technical materials. The authors considered a set of speciﬁc indicators, the data on which have been collected, compiled and published for several years in the Eurostat system and under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 2015. In this regard, the authors of the article proposed and thoroughly substantiated their interpretation of the ﬁeld of agroecology (and the corresponding system of indicators) as agricultural activity and the use of rural areas, carried out in the closest connection with the complex requirements of environmental protection, including rationalization of nature management, within the agricultural sector itself and on rural territories, taking into account some related («border») aspects.

Based on this approach, based on the foreign documentation and domestic developments, an Integrated Table of Agroecological Indicators was formed, containing 18 sections and including a total of 255 indicators (with organizational and methodological explanations for these indicators). Moreover, the article provides a brief description of each section. In addition, the issues of linking the proposed Integrated Table with the UN Sustainable Development Goals Indicators (SDGs) were considered separately and in sufficient detail.

In parallel with the above-described aspects, some problems were revealed that needed to be solved before the practical implementation of agroecological statistics in the CIS countries in general and in the Russian Federation in particular. This applies, for example, to issues such as clariﬁcation and updating of classiﬁers reﬂecting environmental protection and nature conservation activities concerning agricultural production and rural territories; the correct statistical reﬂection of the output of organic products in agriculture, as well as the cultivation of crop materials for processing on biofuels (based on the tenets of agroecology)ю

The article covers issues of so-called ecosystem accounting in the framework of the system of national accounts and the auxiliary System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. Speciﬁc aspects of these problems were described in detail and some suggestions were made to address them.
Teaching Staff’s Salaries in Regions of the Far North: Economic and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Karaseva L. A. , Okhrimenko A. A.
Published: July 2020

This article covers selected results of economic and statistical analysis of the dynamics of teaching staff’s remuneration in 12 regions of the Russian Federation, the territory of which completely belongs to the Far North and equated areas as of 01.01.2019. The growth tendencies in remuneration of teaching staff at two levels of the educational system preschool and general education (including as compared to Russia as a whole) were revealed, as well as problems encountered in 2013-2018 in connection with the implementation of Presidential Executive Order No. 597 of May 7, 2012 «On Measures to Implement the State Social Policy».

The authors argue the need for widespread use of the average annual absolute value of one percent growth, which allows to correctly validate the ﬁnal rating of the country’s regions by average wages level. The indicator «advance coefficient» is proposed, which allows to highlight the main factors of fulﬁllment or nonfulﬁllment of the 2012 May Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in certain regions of the country. The article states that the achievement of the salary targets for each year of the period under review is determined by a combination of two factors: the level of implementation of the target indicator in the base year and the advance coefficient, which is the ratio between the growth rate of teachers’ salaries and the growth rate of the Presidential Decree of 2012’s target indicator. According to the authors, improved methods of economic and statistical analysis shall improve forecast estimates accuracy, which in turn is necessary to outline concrete steps to implement social tasks of national importance concerning each of the regions under consideration.
THE LESSON LIFE OF SANTIAGO AS MAIN CHARACTER IN COELHO’S THE ALCHEMIST
Authors: Irmawati Irmawati , Arafah Burhanuddin , Abbas Herawaty
Published: July 2020

This paper  aims to elaborate the  lessons life from Santiago as the main character in the novel The Alchemist, especially in the current milineal  era where the presence of technology is very rapid. This condition requires young people to keep learning human values that technology does not thought it. Literary works as one of the ideas that produce cultural works reflect human values through characters in novel stories. This journal focuses on the study of the main characters using a dynamic literary approach. In analyzing the text data, the  researchers used the qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study teach the reader several things, namely; First, the life is a struggle that must be resolved wholeheartedly. Second, everyone must learn from anything and anyone including animals because whatever happens in the universe is actually a teacher. Then the human  must dare to fight for and be responsible for life by accepting all the consequences. Finally, each problem of life must be faced patiently.
ABREVIASI BAHASA PRANCIS PADA MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER: SUATU KAJIAN MORFOLOGI
Authors: Pratiwi Widianti Eka , Sofyan Agus Nero
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis research has a purpose to describe a morphological process called abbreviation. Abbreviation is a shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the whole word or phrase. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data are tweets in French which were taken on November 10 from Twitter. Overall, from the tweets those were found, there are twenty tweets which contain some words in abbreviated form. The result shows that there are five kinds of abbreviations that exist in those forty tweets, there are apocope, aphérèse, syncope, siglè, and acronyme. The most used abbreviation form is apocope which can be found in 14 tweets, meanwhile the least used one is aphérèse which is available in 4 of forty tweets.
THE EFFECT OF MASS MEDIA ABUSES AS REFLECTED IN DELLILO’S WHITE NOISE
Authors: Hairunnisa Widya , Soraya Andi Inayah , Irmawati Irmawati
Published: July 2020

This research intends to elaborate the effect of mass media abuses through Dellilo’s White Noise. Therefore, the researchers analyzed how the effect of mass media abuses influence the character through the novel. In analyzing this research, the researchers used genetic structuralism approach as the grand theory and concept of mass media as the supporting theory. Moreover, the writer used qualitative method and descriptive analysis method in analyzing the data. The result of this research is the writers finds there are three effect of mass media abuses such as (1) consumerism, (2) drug abuses, and (3) violence.
PENGGUNAAN FUNGSI PELENGKAP PADA KALIMAT DALAM TRACT MEI 1968
Authors: Tamba Nokiamy Sesena , Laksman-Huntley Myrna
Published: July 2020

Tract as a communication platform to call people to participate in demonstrations is still used by the French until 2019 in the Yellow Vest Movement. This proves the important usage of the track in France. The most important movement in French history that involves the utilization of tract was in Mai 68. By using it, the movement initiated by students of the University of Nanterre (May, 3rd 1968) was able to invite workers to join them on May 13 1968. However, it has a disadvantage due to paper usage: spatial limitations for the transmission of information. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the choice of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and presentations. Use qualitative methods and literature study; this article describes the utilization of the function accessory in the tracts on May 13 68, based on the sentence structure theory by Le Querler (1994). In the tract, variations of function accessories are presented according to the amount of paper used and to the freedom of presentation of the sentence by the creator. As a result, its utilization and presentation in the tract help the various groups involved on May 13, 1968, to gain a better understanding of the reasons and objectives to be carried out in the movement.
COMPARATIVE LITERATURE BETWEEN FITZGERALD’S THE GREAT GATSBY AND HAMKA’S TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK
Authors: Falah A Ilah Nurul , Abbas Herawaty , P. Amir
Published: July 2020

This research mainly aimed to find out the similarities and differences in both novels “The Great Gatsby” and “Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck”. The data analysis of this research are from both novels which focus on the main characters’ positions.  In analyzing the data, the writer used descriptive comparative method by using Human Models and Heroes of French School in Comparative Literature. The result of this research concluded that the similarities found in main characters’ position, where Gatsby’s position and Zainuddin’s position, they are kind and loyal. They are obsessed on their girl. They are loyal to their own love. While the differences found between Gatsby and Zainuddin are mysterious, fake and religious. Gatsby is a mysterious one while Zainuddin has a clear past description. Gatsby hides his identity and his past to people around him. While Zainuddin is a religious one so that he willing to let Hayati marry to the other man because of his belief in Islam. Zainuddin is the character that has a compassion to people around him.
REQUEST STRATEGIES IN LITTLE BIG SHOTS UK
Authors: Tami Triyani , Ambalegin Ambalegin
Published: July 2020

This study examined the speech act of request appeared in a television show, Little Big Shots UK. It was a descriptive qualitative study, which the data were utterances in the form of sentences, clauses or words in Little Big Shots UK. The data were collected through the observation and non-participatory technique and analyzed by using the pragmatic identity analysis. The objective of this study was to find out the types of request strategies applied by the speakers in the Little Big Shots UK using the theory of Trosborg (1995). From the collected data, researcher found 37 data of requesting speech act, which 13 (35,1%) data categorized as direct request (2 data using necessity/obligation strategy; 2 data using performative strategy; and 9 data using imperative strategy), 12 (32,4%) data categorized as hearer-oriented condition (8 data using ability/willingness strategy; 4 using suggestory formulae strategy), 11 (29,7%) data categorized as speaker-based condition (9 data using wishes/desire strategy; 2 data using needs/demands strategy), and 1 (2,7%) data categorized as indirect (mild hint strategy).
Authors: Budiyono Budiyono
Published: June 2020

Abstract

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In Indonesia, approximately 70% of air pollution is caused by motor vehicle exhaust emissions. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of valve clearance for CO and HC exhaust gas on Supra X 125 CC motorcycles in 2015, in this study as a limitation research is to measure the spark plug gap, and measure levels of Carbon monoxide (CO)%, Hydro Carbon (HC). Ppm The study entitled the effect of the suction valve gap on exhaust emissions (CO and HC) on supra X motorcycles in 2015 was conducted at the Mechanical Engineering Study Program diploma of three Muhammadiyah University of Pekajangan Pekalongan (UMPP). 125 cc at 1500 Rpm, 2000 Rpm, 2500 Rpm , valve gap 0.08 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.12 mm. Each test is repeated 3 times to get more accurate results. The results showed the effect of the gap gap of the valve on the gap gap of a standard valve. testing the CO exhaust emission levels on motorbikes with a suction fog gap test 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.12 mm the best results at the gap 0.1 at 2500 Rpm which produces 0.19% and testing the HC exhaust emission levels on motorcycle with a 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.12 mm  valve gap test the best results at the 0.12 mm at 1500 Rpm  which produces 63 Ppm

 

Keywords: motorcycle, valve, exhaust gas
Coronavirus: Where Has All the Health Economics Gone?
Authors: Donaldson Cam , Mitton Craig
Published: July 2020

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to unfold there is an untold number of trade-offs being made in every country around the globe. The experience in the United Kingdom and Canada to date has not seen much uptake of health economics methods. We provide some thoughts on how this could take place, specifically in three areas. Firstly, this can involve understanding the impact of lockdown policies on national productivity. Secondly, there is great importance in studying trade-offs with respect to enhancing health system capacity and the impact of the mix of private-public financing. Finally, there are key trade-offs that will continue to be made both in terms of access to testing and ventilators which would benefit greatly from economic appraisal. In short, health economics could – and we would argue most certainly should – play a much more prominent role in policy-making as it relates to the current as well as future pandemics.
Universal Access to Healthcare: The Case of South Africa in the Comparative Global Context of the Late Anthropocene Era
Authors: Benatar Solomon , Gill Stephen
Published: July 2020

Much current global debate – as well as a great deal of political rhetoric – about global health and healthcare is characterised by a renewed emphasis on the goal of universal access throughout the world. While this goal has been achieved to varying extents in the United Kingdom, Canada and many countries in Europe, even within those countries where national health systems have long been in place, the pervasive shift in emphasis from health as a social value to health as a commodity within a capitalist market civilization is eroding the commitment to equitable access to healthcare. Against this background the challenge is much greater in low- and middle-income countries that lag behind – especially if aspirations to universal access go beyond primary care. The challenges of achieving greater equity in access to health and in health outcomes, in a middle-income country like South Africa, illustrate the magnitude of the tensions and gaps that need to be traversed, given the vast differences between healthcare provided in the private and public sectors. Understandably the concept of National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Africa has widespread support. The strategies for how a successful and effective NHI could be implemented, over what time-frame and what it covers are, however, very controversial issues. What tends to be ignored is that sustainable improvement in health in South Africa, and elsewhere, is not determined merely by medical care but more especially by social structures intimately linked to deeply entrenched local and global social, economic and political forces and inequalities. While seldom openly addressed, some of these forces are explicated in this article to supplement views elsewhere, although most have elided emphasis on the pervasive effects of the global political economy on the provisioning and practising of health and healthcare everywhere on our planet.
The Rise of the Consucrat
Authors: de Leeuw Evelyne
Published: July 2020

Some agents representing the ‘receiving end’ of the medical-industrial complex could be called ‘career consumers.’ We identify these consucrats as a new class of intersectional representation of ‘those affected’ in healthcare delivery systems. We describe them in the context of (similar) abocrats and femocrats but show that consucrats face more complex and different level intersectional challenges. The designation, professionalization, and representation of consucrats are problematic, in particular for public policy change. We argue for an enhanced strategic and cautious role for the consumer health movement to support consucrats.
Understanding the Battle for Universal Pharmacare in Canada Comment on "Universal Pharmacare in Canada"
Authors: Gagnon Marc-André
Published: July 2020

Drug coverage in Canada is a patchwork; an inequitable inefficient and unsustainable patchwork with no coherence or purpose. Some people think that we can solve the problem by adding more patches, but the core of the problem is that it is a patchwork. For the working population, access to medicines is still organized as privileges offered by employers to their employees. Universal pharmacare would not only provide better access to needed prescription drugs, but also eliminate waste, ensure value-for-money and help improve drug safety and appropriate prescribing. Opponents fear that a universal pharmacare plan would ration drugs, and impede drug access for some patients. However, these claims misunderstand the reality of drug coverage, pricing and access. Opponents propose, instead, to "fill the gap" of current drug coverage by implementing catastrophic coverage, which would serve commercial interests without maximizing health outcomes for the Canadian population. In spite of overwhelming evidence and consensus in the academic community in favour of universal pharmacare, the battle is far from over.
Can We Re-Imagine Research So It Is Timely, Relevant and Responsive? Comment on "Experience of Health Leadership in Partnering with University-Based Researchers in Canada: A Call to ‘Re-Imagine’ Research"
Authors: Vindrola-Padros Cecilia
Published: July 2020

Partnerships between academic institutions and healthcare organisations have been proposed as an effective way to integrate academic research findings into changes in health policy and practice. Bowen and colleagues explore these partnerships from a different angle, analysing them in relation to the experiences of health system leaders. The authors made a call to re-imagine research, rethinking how we train applied health researchers, fund health research and evaluation and design studies and collaborations with the health sector. In this paper, I respond to this call by discussing three strategies we can use to make sure our research is timely, relevant and responsive to the needs and context of healthcare organisations: the widespread use of rapid research approaches, the integration of scoping stages in all studies, and the training of applied health researchers to work in the health system and develop collaborative relationships with staff.
Without Systems and Complexity Thinking There Is no Progress - or Why Bureaucracy Needs to Become Curious Comment on "What Can Policy-Makers Get out of Systems Thinking? Policy Partners’ Experiences of a Systems-Focused Research Collaboration in Preventive Health"
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim P.
Published: July 2020

The bureaucracy’s goal is to maintain uniformity and control within discrete areas of activity and relies on hierarchical processes and procedural correctness as means to suppress autonomous decision making. That worldview, however, is unsuited for problem solving of real world VUCA (Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) problems. Solving wicked problems in the VUCA world requires curiosity, creativity and collaboration, and a willingness to deeply engage and an ability to painstakingly work through their seemingly contradictory and chaotic pathways. In addition, it necessitates leadership. Leaders require a deep – indeed academic – understanding of the nature of the problems and the veracity of various problem-solving approaches. Leadership after all means "[facilitating] the necessary adaptive work that needs to be done by the people connected to the problem." That are the people at the coalface who understand and have to manage the complexities relating to problems unique to their local environment for which of the shelf solutions never work. Systems and complexity thinking is more than a tool, it is – in a sense – a way of being, namely deeply interested in understanding the highly interconnected and interdependent nature of the issues affecting our life and work. Hence, system and complexity thinking is, contrary to what Haynes and colleagues state in their "summation for the public reader," neither "overwhelming and hard [nor difficult] to use practically." Such a view is as much misleading as selfdefeating.
Community Health Workers as Influential Health System Actors and not "Just Another Pair Of Hands"
Authors: Kane Sumit , Radkar Anjali , Gadgil Mukta , McPake Barbara
Published: July 2020

Background: Over the last 20 years, community health workers (CHWs) have become a mainstay of human resources for health in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A large body of research chronicles CHWs’ experience of their work. In this study we focus on 2 narratives that stand out in the literature. The first is the idea that social, economic and health system contexts intersect to undermine CHWs’ experience of their work, and that a key factor underpinning this experience is that LMIC health systems tend to view CHWs as just an ‘extra pair of hands’ to be called upon to provide ‘technical fixes.’ In this study we show the dynamic and evolving nature of CHW programmes and CHW identities and the need, therefore, for new understandings. Methods: A qualitative case study was carried out of the Indian CHW program (CHWs are called accredited social health activists: ASHAs). It aimed to answer the research question: How do ASHAs experience being CHWs, and what shapes their experience and performance? In depth interviews were conducted with 32 purposively selected ASHAs and key informants. Analysis was focused on interpreting and on developing analytical accounts of ASHAs’ experiences of being CHWs; it was iterative and occurred throughout the research. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and transcripts were analysed using a framework approach (with Nvivo 11). Results: CHWs resent being treated as just another pair of hands at the beck and call of formal health workers. The experience of being a CHW is evolving, and many are accumulating substantial social capital over time – emerging as influential social actors in the communities they serve. CHWs are covertly and overtly acting to subvert the structural forces that undermine their performance and work experience. Conclusion: CHWs have the potential to be influential actors in the communities they serve and in frontline health services. Health systems and health researchers need to be cognizant of and consciously engage with this emerging global social dynamic around CHWs. Such an approach can help guide the development of optimal strategies to support CHWs to fulfil their role in achieving health and social development goals.
The Legal Determinants of Health: How Can We Achieve Universal Health Coverage and What Does it Mean?
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O.
Published: July 2020

How can we keep people – wherever they live – healthy and safe? Among all global health initiatives, universal health coverage (UHC) has garnered most political attention. But can UHC (as important as it is) actually achieve the two fundamental aspirations of the right to health: keeping people healthy and safe, while leaving no one behind? There is a universal longing for health and security, but also a deep-seated belief in fairness and equity. Can UHC achieve both health and equity, or what I have called, "global health with justice?" What makes a population healthy and safe? Certainly, universal and affordable access to healthcare is essential, including clinical prevention, treatment, and essential medicines. But beyond medical care are public health services, including surveillance, clean air, potable water, sanitation, vector control, and tobacco control. The final and most important factor in good health are social determinants, including housing, employment, education, and equity. If we can provide everyone with these three essential conditions for good health (healthcare, public health and social determinants), it would vastly improve global health. But we also need to take measures to leave no one behind. To achieve equity, we need to plan for it, and here I propose national health equity programs of action. Society’s highest obligation is to achieve global health, with justice.
Financing Maternity and Early Childhood Healthcare in The Australian Healthcare System: Costs to Funders in Private and Public Hospitals Over the First 1000 Days
Authors: Callander Emily , Shand Antonia , Ellwood David , Fox Haylee , Nassar Natasha
Published: July 2020

Background: Maternity care is a significant contributor to overall healthcare expenditure, and private care is seen as a mechanism to reduce the cost to public funders. However, public funders may still contribute to part of the cost of private care. The paper aims to quantify (1) the cost to different funders of maternal and early childhood healthcare over the first 1000 days for both women giving birth in private and public hospitals; (2) any variation in cost to different funders by birth type; and (3) the cost of excess caesarean sections in public and private hospitals in Australia. Methods: This study utilised a whole of population linked administrative dataset, and classified costs by the funding source. The mean cost to different funders for private hospital births, and public hospital births in the Australian state, Queensland are presented by time period and by birth type. The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) C-model was used to identify the optimal caesarean section rate based upon demographic and clinical factors, and counterfactual analysis was utilised to identify the cost to different funders if caesarean section had been utilised at this rate across Australia. Results: We found that for women who gave birth in a public hospital as a public patient, the mean cost was $22 474. For women who gave birth in a private hospital the mean cost was $24 731, and the largest contributor was private health insurers ($11 550), followed by Medicare ($7261) and individuals ($3312). Private hospital births cost government funders $10 050 on average; whereas public hospital public patient births cost government funders $21 723 on average and public hospital private patient births cost government funders $20 899 on average. If caesarean section deliveries were reduced, public hospital funders could save $974 million and private health insurers could save $216 million. Conclusion: Private hospital births cost government funders less than public hospital births, but government funders still pay for around 40% of the cost of private hospital births. Caesarean sections, which are more frequently performed in private hospitals, are costly to all funders and reducing them could impart significant cost savings to all funders.
COVID-19 and Power in Global Health
Authors: Patterson Amy , Clark Mary A.
Published: July 2020

Political scientists bring important tools to the analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly a focus on the crucial role of power in global health politics. We delineate different kinds of power at play during the COVID-19 crisis, showing how a dearth of compulsory, institutional, and epistemic power undermined global cooperation and fueled the pandemic, with its significant loss to human life and huge economic toll. Through the pandemic response, productive and structural power became apparent, as issue frames stressing security and then preserving livelihoods overwhelmed public health and human rights considerations. Structural power rooted in economic inequalities between and within countries conditioned responses and shaped vulnerabilities, as the crisis threatened to deepen power imbalances along multiple lines. Calls for global health security will surely take on a new urgency in the aftermath of the pandemic and the forms of power delineated here will shape their outcome.
Determinants Associated With the Risk of Emergency Department Visits Among Patients Receiving Integrated Home Care Services: A 6-Year Retrospective Observational Study in a Large Italian Region
Authors: Campagna Sara , Borraccino Alberto , Politano Gianfranco , Benso Alfredo , Dalmasso Marco , Dimonte Valerio , Gianino Maria Michela
Published: July 2020

Background: Allowing patients to remain at home and decreasing the number of unnecessary emergency room visits have become important policy goals in modern healthcare systems. However, the lack of available literature makes it critical to identify determinants that could be associated with increased emergency department (ED) visits in patients receiving integrated home care (IHC). Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in a large Italian region among patients with at least one IHC event between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017. IHC is administered from 8 am to 8 pm by a team of physicians, nurses, and other professionals as needed based on the patient’s health conditions. A clinical record is opened at the time a patient is enrolled in IHC and closed after the last service is provided. Every such clinical record was defined as an IHC event, and only ED visits that occurred during IHC events were considered. Sociodemographic, clinical and IHC variables were collected. A multivariate, stepwise logistic analysis was then performed, using likelihood of ED visit as a dependent variable. Results: A total of 29 209 ED visits were recorded during the 66 433 IHC events that took place during the observation period. There was an increased risk of ED visits in males (odds ratio [OR]=1.29), younger patients, those with a family caregiver (OR=1.13), and those with a higher number of cohabitant family members. Long travel distance from patients’ residence to the ED reduced the risk of ED visits. The risk of ED visits was higher when patients were referred to IHC by hospitals or residential facilities, compared to referrals by general practitioners. IHC events involving patients with neoplasms (OR=1.91) showed the highest risk of ED visits. Conclusion: Evidence of sociodemographic and clinical determinants of ED visits may offer IHC service providers a useful perspective to implement intervention programmes based on appropriate individual care plans and broad-based client assessment.
A Study on Effectiveness of FDI on Unorganised Retail Sector of India
Authors: Kannan N , Kumar A , Lakshmi P
Published: July 2020

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a very vital role in economic development for any developing and under-developing nation, the largest democracy, and the second-largest populated country in the world is facing a tremendous challenge to fight against inflation and unemployment. FDI can provide the life-blood to the Indian economy. Though late the UPA-II Government, headed by Dr. Manmohan Singh, has decided the d on November-2012, in respect of proposals involving FDI beyond 52 percent, it is mandatory to source 30 percent of the value of the goods purchased from India, preferably MSMEs. Making India is the most open economy in the world, Modi Government announced its second major reform in FDI soon after its deep-seated changes. The Government, since the beginning, has been taken steps to boost FDI in the country to create a different climate so that foreign investors feel confident in investing. Putting an end to the long-standing discussion on the Processing of e-commerce in India, Government permitted 100 percent FDI in the market place format e-commerce retailing and also come up with the definition of a marketplace and inventoryled models of e-commerce. All these factors are dwindling purchasing from unorganized retail shops. This research paper will try to find out the impact of FDI on the unorganized retail sector in India as well as the effectiveness of FDI on Agro Products.
Income and Expenditure Pattern of Vegetable Vendors
Authors: Tigari Harish , Anushree G M
Published: July 2020

Street vegetable vendors are an integral part of the urban economic development in many countries. In this street, vegetable vendors are selling the vegetables in the truck/cart or streets and public places. The street vegetable vendors earn money for their family members and their children a better education. And more of the street vegetable vendors are Illiterates and do not aware of hygienic environments. Street vegetable vendors took money from some financial institution or loans from relatives or friends or some co-operative societies. And some of the street vegetable vendors are the reason for choosing this business like unemployment or family business or not qualified. In this informal sector should be help full to a low-income family, and their living condition has changed because of this business. Some of the street vendors do not have any other occupation, And Summer or rainy season, the sales should be imbalance. It should be affected on their income also. Some of the street vendors have some problems like place related problems or financial related. And their monthly income is low, and expenses should be high; it should be affected by their lifestyle. Street vendors are saving money from L I C, Chit Fund, Fixed deposit. Some of the street vendors are living in the rented house, paid the amount to Children education or gas bill or cable bill or electricity bill etc..Now a day’s women also doing the business in the informal sector, the women’s are making the decision independently or ability to do this business, it should women going to forward, they earn money for their children better education purpose or households, livelihoods, etc.
Safety Measures and Compensation of Road Accidents in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Praveena R , Selvaraj A , Mathivathana P
Published: July 2020

In this article, we have discussed safety measures and compensation for road accidents in Tamilnadu. Transport is over whelming mechanical nowadays. India has one of the largest road networks in the world. Road network in India is inadequate, in comparison to the passengers and traffic handled by them. 43% of the roads are unsurfaced. The Ministry of road transport & highways is expected to award road projects with a total length of around 4,500 km worth Rs.50,000 crore in 2020.
Investment Strategies and Trading Approaches in Behavioural Finance
Authors: Bham Babu Bham
Published: July 2020

The behavioral finance literature documents several long-term investment strategies that persistently generate superior risk-adjusted returns. This study focuses on several investment strategies, trading approaches, and problems with the traditional financial theory’s explaining their logic and the historical returns generated by these strategies. In the case of the investor’s sentiment indicators and the anomaly, an exchange-traded fund (ETF) has been created to enable investors to simply and efficiently invest in the strategy.
The Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth with Special Reference to Chennai City
Authors: Vijai C , Suriyalakshmi S M , Joyce D
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aimed to know the perception of individuals towards mobile banking and find out the satisfaction levels of users towards mobile banking.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among customers in Chennai, India. A total number of 155 participants. (Male 88, Female 66 and Prefer not to say 1). Data were processed and analyzed by the Statistical Package for social science. Descriptively analysis and chi squire was performed. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significantResults: A total of 155 respondents of 56.77 percent of respondents are male, and 42.58 percent of respondents are female and prefer not to say 0.65 percent in the usage of Social Network Sites. It is found that the majority of respondents are Male. The majority of the respondents are the purpose of using social networking sites in (SSN) 24.52% just for fun and entertainment (SNS). Here the majority of the respondents are preferred social networking sites are Whatsapp.Conclusion: After getting all findings and discussed the end of collected data, the researcher recommends some measures to use of social media in the right direction and utilize social media favorable and appropriate manner to its users. Positive use of social media can develop the youth’s skill, better living style, Career, adopt new trends, and anthropology so on. The study is useful to the teacher, parents, educators in particular, and society in general to understand the behavior of the youth of today.
Model Design Thinking pada Perancangan Aplikasi Matengin Aja
Authors: Rosyda Salma Shofia , Sukoco Iwan
Published: July 2020

Because of globalization, technology today is very important for developing businesses. The raw and semi-finished goods sector has not been given much attention so it needs to get special attention by creating a buying and selling system. The purpose of this study is to develop businesses in the raw and semi-finished goods sector. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative. So that the design becomes efficient, creative, and systematic design thinking becomes the solution of the design method of this information system. In this study the design thinking used consisted of three stages, namely empathy, define, and ideate. By using design thinking design will be efficient, creative, and user needs are always considered. Matengin Aja wrote is an application made to bring together owners of raw and semi-finished goods with people who need these goods. The owner of raw and semi-finished goods can sell the results of goods that are independently owned. By using product thinking design that is designed based on the needs of many people, the product can be well defined, and the overall concept can be displayed.
Bir Metal Fabrikası İçin İş Çizelgeleme Yazılımı Hazırlanması
Authors: OLGUN Mehmet Onur , KAÇAR Tuğçe
Published: June 2020

In order to maintain continuity in today's
competitive environment, companies provide products and services that are
produced with higher quality and cheaper. Continuous production techniques and
production systems technology production plant has become more complex and
control of simple production activities has become more difficult. The
production planning option is capable of planning and planning the production
of the production, available, identified and required equipment, wherever and
wherever we want.

The
production scheduling problem is to determine the order in which a certain
number of jobs must be loaded on a certain number of machines. Different
scheduling options to solve production scheduling problems. The common goal of
all methods is to use all existing orders. The solution of these methods is done
with Gantt diagrams.

On
this page a work scheduling package program has been implemented in a factory
produces software, metal production. The program is C# language software and
the program is Access.
The aim of the program is to facilitate the scheduling process so that firms
can examine the charts according to different methods, make the comparison, use
the most accurate method.
Sualtı Haberleşmede Çok Yolluluğun Bant Genişliği, Kapasite ve İletim Gücü Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ÇAVUŞLU Mehmet Ali , ALTUNCU Mehmet , ÖZCAN Hikmetcan , KAYA GÜLAĞIZ Fidan , ŞAHİN Suhap
Published: June 2020

Sualtı ortamına yönelik haberleşme teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, yeni sualtı akustik iletişim tekniklerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak malzeme ve algılayıcı teknolojilerinin de gelişmeleri ile birlikte, bu teknolojiler uygulanabilir hale gelmiştir. Böylece sualtı ortamında yüksek bant genişliklerinde, uzak mesafelere veri iletimine yönelik çalışmalar artmıştır. Sualtı ortamının kaotik yapısı, kaynaktan alıcıya veri iletimini zor hale getirmektedir. Sualtında yüksek frekanslarda uzak mesafelere iletim gerçekleştirilememesi ve yüksek frekanslarda çalışacak şekilde tasarlanan sistemlerin sınırlı bant genişliğine sahip olması nedeni ile sualtı haberleşmeye yönelik çalışmalarda düşük frekanslar tercih edilmektedir. İki nokta arasında gerçekleştirilecek iletişim bant genişliğinden, kaynak iletim gücünden ve kaynak-alıcı arası mesafeden doğrudan etkilemektedir. İletişimin gerçekleştirileceği ortamda kaynaktan yayılan sinyaller algılayıcıda çok yollu olarak alınmaktadır. Özellikle yüzeyden ve dipten yansımalar, algılayıcıda alınan sinyallerin bozulmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, sualtı ortamında literatürde önerilen iletim kaybı, emilim kaybı ve ortam gürültüsü modelleri kullanılarak bant genişliği, kapasite ve iletim gücü hesapları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hesaplamalarda kaynaktan alıcıya ulaşan farklı sayıda çok yollu sinyaller, çok yollu sinyallerin maruz kaldığı farklı dip/yüzey yansıma zayıflamalarının ve kaynak alıcı arası mesafenin bant genişliği, kapasite ve iletim gücü üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda kaynaktan alıcıya ulaşan çok yollu sinyallerin sayısının, dip/yüzey yansıma zayıflamalarının seviyesinin ve kaynak alıcı arasındaki mesafenin bant genişliği, kapasite ve iletim gücünü doğrudan etkilediği görülmüştür.
3B Yazıcı ile Elde Edilen Mandibula Modellerinin Boyutsal Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERDOĞAN Mustafa , ŞİMŞEK Tuğçe , UĞUR Levent
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Çalışmamızda bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinden elde edilen 3B (üç boyutlu) mandibula modeli üretiminde kullanılan parametrelerden alt eşik değişimi ve katman yüksekliğinin değiştirilmesinin model boyutu üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Metod: 35 yaşında sağlıklı bir hastanın maksillofasiyal BT görüntüleri kullanılarak tasarlanan ve basılan 3B mandibula modelinin segmentasyon işleminde eşik değeri sırasıyla 200,175 ve 150 Hounsfield birimi (HU) alınarak modeller oluşturuldu. Oluşturulan modellerin polilaktik asit (PLA) filament malzemeden baskısında 0.1, 0.2 ve 0.3 mm baskı katman yüksekliği kullanıldı. Elde edilen modeller yüksek çözünürlüklü tarayıcı ile taranarak STL formatında dataları bilgisayara aktarıldı. Taranan modeller referans model ile karşılaştırılarak aralarındaki fark belirlendi. Deney tasarımı olarak Taguchi L9 ortogonal dizini kullanıldı. Taguchi metodunda referans model ile meydana gelen fark için en küçük en iyi sinyal gürültü oranı denklemi kullanıldı. Sonuç: Deneyler sonucunda iki faktör arasında farka en çok etkiyi eşik değerinin yaptığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca 3B yazıcı ile elde edilen mandibula modelleri ile BT’den elde edilmiş olan anatomik model karşılaştırmasında modellerin birbirine yakın olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
KEANEKARAGAMAN HAMA PADA TANAMAN MELON (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Lizmah Sumeinika Fitria , Gea Resti Yusniar
Published: June 2020

The production of melon was decline due to decreased production area and also pest and disease offence. The pest attacks occur in the vegetative and generative phase, but the most damaging and detrimental are in generative phase. This study aims to determine the diversity of insects on melon plants. The study was conducted in September 2018 in experimental gardens and laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Teuku Umar University. The results of the study obtained the abundance of insects in melon plants amounted to 374 individu, which consists of 38 spesies. Insects are found to have different character, there are as pest, parasitoid, and predator. The fruit flies (Tephritidae) is the dominant of pest that attack melon in generative phase. Diversity of Shannon-Wienner indeks shows 0.820, that mean the diversity in melon plant in generative phase was lowly. Key word: diversity, fruit flies, insects, melon
PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH TANJUNG (Mimusops elengi L.) SECARA FISIK DAN KIMIAWI DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR
Authors: Halimursyadah Halimursyadah , Kurniawan Trisda , Ulfa Nazia
Published: June 2020

Mimusops elengi is a medium-sized evergreen tree found in tropical forests in South  Asia, Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Its timber is valuable, the fruit is edible, and it is used in traditional medicine. As the trees give thick shade and flowers emit fragrance, it is a prized collection of gardens. The problem of this plant is its seed that has dormancy. Dormancy fulfills an important function for plants since it allows seeds to survive conditions and seasons that are unfavorable for seedling growth. This study aims to determine the interaction treatment of physical and chemical in solving dormancy on the M. elengi seed. The experiment was conducted at Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology at Juni to October 2017. There were two factors that were studied, namely the first factor of physical treatment by soaking the seeds in hot water with the level of 0, 60, 120, and 180 hours and the second factor of chemical treatment using 97% sulfuric acid with level 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The parameters measured were maximum growth potential, germination capability, vigor index, relative speed of growth, simultaneously of growth, time to reach 50% germination total and dormancy intensity. The conclusions of this study are the best soaking duration for dormancy seed breaking of M. elengi is in water at 60 °C for 180 minutes. The best concentration of sulfuric acid for breaking seed dormancy is 20%. There was a significant interaction between the duration of soaking in hot water and the concentration of sulfuric acid on all observed parameters. The best combination was found at duration of soaking of 180 minutes in hot water 60 0 C and sulfuric acid concentration 20% can accelerate germination of M. elengi seeds from 90 days (without treatment) to 24 days (after treatment).  There was an increase in germination capability from 20% to 68%,  maximum growth potential 73.33%, vigor index 33.33%, relative speed of growth 67.31%, simultaneously of growth 61.31%, time to reach 50% germination  total 31.50 days and dormancy intensity. Keywords: Dormancy, physical and chemical, spanish cherry, viability, vigor
POTENSI Trichoderma viride DALAM MENEKAN SERANGAN Sclerotium rolfsii PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Wahyuni Si H
Published: June 2020

Potential  of Trichoderma viride to control Sclerotium rolfsii on soybean (Glycine max L.). This research aims to determine the  potential of T. viride against S. rolfsii attack on soybean crop (Glycine max L.). The research was conducted in the field of Faculty of Agriculture, Graha Nusantara University Padangsidimpuan, from May to August 2017. The results showed the highest percentage disease of incidence of S. rolfsii at the highest observation of 2, 3, 4 MST (Week After Planting), from W2D0 (when planting / 75 gram /polybag) 46.77%, 61.35% and 73.29%. and the lowest was W1D4 (7 days before planting/300 gram / polybag) 1.8%, 2.3% and 3.41%. Keywords : Potential, Trichoderma viride, Sclerotium rolfsii, Soybean