bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of JAK2 and MPL Mutation in BCR/ABL Negative Myelofibrosis in KPK
Authors: Ayesha Gul, Sheeba Ishtiaq, Hina Umair, Memoona Rasheed Ayesha Gul, Sheeba Ishtiaq, Hina Umair, Memoona Rasheed
Published: October 2022

Introduction: BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative disorders are a sub-group of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that consist of polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). Over the past decade, the morphological and clinical division of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has changed to a classification that describes the molecular heterogeneity and is unique to this subgroup of haematological malignancies. This includes alterations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and MPL genes.

Objective: To determine the frequency of JAK2 (p.V617F) and MPL (p.W515L) mutation in primary myelofibrosis in KPK province of Pakistan.

Methodology: Fifty patients with PMF were enrolled in the study. JAK2 mutation status was determined using allele specific primers and MPL mutation was detected by direct Sanger sequencing technique. The data was analyzed using BioEdit by aligning the sequence data with reference genome hg19 assembly.

Results: Among 50 patients, 41 patients were diagnosed with PMF, while 9 patients had secondary myelofibrosis i.e. Post PV-MF and Post ET-MF. Out of the 41 PMF patient 2 patients had MPL gene variation, while one of the Post ET –MF had a MPL gene variation.  Forty eight (96%) were positive for JAK2 mutation. Five patients who had MPL mutation also showed JAK 2 mutation. Two of the MPL positive patients were also positive for JAK2 mutation.

Conclusion: We reported rate of recurrence of JAK2 mutation in 96% of the cases and MPL exon 10 mutations in 6% of the cases.

Keywords: JAK2, MPL, Myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Fear of getting Covid-19: A challenge to elective surgical practice and ways to overcome
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Ijaz ul Haq Hafiz Muhammad Ijaz ul Haq , Fawad Aamir Mirza Fawad Aamir Mirza , Rizwan Aziz, Rizwan Aziz, , Ahmad Raza, Ahmad Raza, , Muhammad Hanif Muhammad Hanif , Sohaib Haider Sohaib Haider
Published: October 2022

Background: Covid-19, a global pandemic has a huge impact on surgical practice. There is transmission risk of Covid-19 during the elective surgery and nowadays it is a part of informed consent process. This has an impact on patient decision making as it creates anxiety and fear.

Objective: To evaluate patient experience (fear of getting Covid-19) from elective surgery and challenges of elective surgical practice and ways to overcome during this pandemic era.

Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional survey and it has been conducted in General Surgery Department of Dr Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad, from May to August 2021 after approval of Institutional Review Board (IRB). Participants for elective surgery and their negative report of Covid-19 infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in the study. Fear of Covid-19 infection was measured through “fear of Covid-19 scale” by Ahorsu et al and analyzed. All findings were entered in a structured Proforma. Data was entered in SPSS version 26 and analyzed. Effect modifier chi square was used to find out the patient’s dropout due to getting Covid-19 infection from surgery.

Results: Total 200 patients were included; 62% patients were male and 38% were females. The mean age of the patients was 38.64±12.08 years. The statistical analysis showed that there was a very significant association between FCV-19 scale and getting Covid-19 infection from elective surgeries (p ≤ 0.05). When stratified FCV-19 scale with education status of all patients there was a very significant association between them (p=0.001). The patient’s observations regarding FCV-19 questionnaire, most of the patients were disagreed (46.3%) to getting Covid-19 infection from their elective surgeries or any fear of Covid-19 infection. The actual dropout of patients from elective surgery due to fear of getting Covid-19 infection during surgery or staying in hospital was 7.5%.

Conclusion: Fear of getting Covid-19 is still present in some of the patients who visit hospitals for elective surgeries. Discussing the various steps taken by the institute to improve patient safety and minimize risk of Covid-19, greatly enhanced their confidence in elective surgery and improved satisfaction level.

Key words: Covid-19; Fear; Fear of Covid-19 Scale; Elective Surgical Procedures.
Breastfeeding perception among Medical students of Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in relation to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Afzal Saba , Ayub Ammara , Subhani Faheem Ahmed , Ahmed Bilal , Rehman Ahtasham , Afzal Huma
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Breastfeeding is crucial for the development & growth of the infant in the early years of life. Unfortunately, the incidence of breastfeeding is very low in our part of the world. Doctors play a critical role in the public awareness of the benefits & importance of breastfeeding. This study is done to find out the perception, knowledge and attitude of medical students about breastfeeding and its implications during COVID 19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) from 10 November 2021 to 30 November 2021. An online questionnaire was sent to the students of MBBS from first to final year via email. Results were analyzed on SPSS version 21.

Results: A total of 316 students participated. The majority of students were aware of the initiation, duration and advantages of breastfeeding. 88% of students answered that breast milk is an ideal food for a baby. 77.2% had the perception that breastfeeding increases mother-infant bonding. 71.51% of students answered that breastfed babies have fewer health-related issues compared to formula-fed babies. 40 % of students were of the idea that there is a risk of transmission of COVID 19 from mother to baby if breastfed fed while 42% believed that breastfeeding protects against COVID 19.

Conclusion: The majority of the students of IIMC were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding but most of them lacked knowledge of breastfeeding by mothers suffering from COVID 19. The medical curriculum should have more emphasis on nutrition counselling for both mothers and children and information regarding breastfeeding particularly during situations like COVID 19 pandemic.
Outcome of Hepatitis-E Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tayyaba Wasim Tayyaba Wasim , Javeria Mushtaq Javeria Mushtaq , Waseem Mustafa
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE:  To study the effect of post-operative Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) eye drops on macular thickness in patients without diabetic retinopathy measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

STUDY DESIGN: Quasi experimental study

PLACE & DURATION OF STUDY:  removed for blind review

METHODOLOGY: Diabetic patients without retinopathy who required cataract surgery for visual rehabilitation were included in study. They were than divided into two groups. Group A included patients who received routine steroid+antibiotic post-operative drops while Group B comprised of patients who received nepafenac (0.1%) eye drops eight hourly in addition to routine post-operative eye drops. All patients underwent standard phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation followed by use of NSAID eye drops for a month. OCT measurements were done pre-operatively, 7 and 28 days post operatively.

RESULTS: Comparison of central macular thickness between groups was significant at (Pre & 7 day post op) and insignificant at (7th day & 28th day post op) and (Pre & 28th day post op) i.e. 0.043, 0.834 and 0.084 respectively. However, difference of mean central macular thickness was significant at all follow-up periods i.e.0.003, 0.006, and 0.000

CONCLUSION: Post-operative NSAID in diabetic patients without retinopathy leads to a significant decrease in macular thickness as compared to controls after cataract surgery.

KEY WORDS:

Phacoemulsification, Optical Coherence Tomography, Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents
The Influencing Factors of the Career Pathway for Health Professions’ Education
Authors: Naveed Ayesha , Ahmed Barik , Haque Ayesha , Siddiq Amer , Farid Huma , Khalid Saria
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study has been designed to identify and explore the factors that influence medical and dental graduates to opt for Health Professions Education (HPE) as a sole career. Materials and Methods:Main design: A qualitative studySub Type: Phenomenological (exploratory) design was used to find out the factors that influenced medical and dental graduates to choose HPE as a full-time career.Setting: It was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad.Duration: From February to June.Sampling technique: Purposive non-probability sampling was used including graduates that had opted for HPE as a career.Population size: six participants agreed to participate in the study. There were 4 females and 2 males. The mean age of the participants was 44 years.Data collection tool: Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were used to collect data.Data analysis: Thematic analysis was done employing © QSR International’s NVivo Software v.11. The emergent themes were named according to the nodes in which the data were stored.Results: Thematic analysis revealed a total of thirteen themes. Some of these were common, recurring factors that influenced specialty selection; others were novel and specific findings. All participants, irrespective of planning their choice, considered opportunities for advancement. Student assessment was the most important Core area that had been mentioned in responses as having influenced their choice. There were documented differences between full-time and part-time faculty. Demographics had a positive relationship. Personal motivation and aims were important influences. The Nature of the work documented a significant influence on various responses. All of the participants were influenced by their Role Models/Mentors. Participants faced many challenges and also mentioned how they coped with them. Respondents strongly suggested and refer this as a career.Conclusion: An individual’s personal aim and motivation were very important factors as they assisted them to face challenges and stay steadfast. Females were more likely to choose HPE as a profession. Participants chose this profession because it matched their personality specifically as full-time faculty and were passionate about it. Role Models/Mentors were an influence on the specialty choice for all the participants.
Estatuto de responsabilidad civil del conservador de bienes raíces en Chile
Authors: Zárate Santiago
Published: October 2022

En Chile, al Conservador de bienes raíces se aplica un estatuto de responsabilidad civil especial establecido en el Reglamento conservatorio de bienes raíces, el que, no se aparta mayormente del estatuto general previsto en el Código Civil chileno. Demostramos en este trabajo que dicho funcionario puede ser sujeto pasivo de acciones que establezcan su responsabilidad civil en el contexto de su actividad.
Agrotóxicos, responsabilidade civil e o Superior Tribunal de Justiça
Authors: Costa Elida Cássia Mamede
Published: October 2022

Este artigo avalia a imputação pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça de responsabilidade civil por danos provocados na cadeia de produção que envolva produtos agrotóxicos. Partindo do pressuposto de que os agrotóxicos são comprovadamente danosos, o objetivo central é afirmar a necessidade de reconhecimento dos responsáveis por atividades que os envolvam. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi do tipo bibliográfica e documental (de jurisprudência). O resultado obtido é de que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça tende a considerar a responsabilidade do fabricante de agrotóxicos por danos à pessoa. A conclusão é que a atuação do Poder Judiciário é satisfatória à proteção agroambiental, no sentido de deferir os pleitos indenizatórios por danos à pessoa em decorrência da aplicação de agrotóxicos são concedidos. Na contramão desta proteção estão as leis e demais políticas públicas, tendentes a ampliar o uso de agrotóxicos e seus respectivos danos.
Atributos do enriquecimento injustificado restituível
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Guia
Published: October 2022

O escopo central do presente estudo consiste em investigar os atributos que conformam o enriquecimento na qualidade de pressuposto positivo da cláusula geral do dever de restituir contida no artigo 884 do Código Civil. Para isso, inicia-se por uma análise das modalidades e espécies de que usualmente se cogita em matéria de enriquecimento sem causa. Na sequência, passa-se em revista a formulação tradicional que aparta o dito enriquecimento real do dito enriquecimento patrimonial. Propõe-se, a partir de uma preliminar precisão conceitual, o reconhecimento de que tanto a realidade quanto a patrimonialidade são atributos do enriquecimento restituível. Por fim, lançam-se alguns possíveis questionamentos acerca da certeza ou probabilidade do enriquecimento, com base no cotejo com a disciplina dos lucros cessantes no âmbito da responsabilidade civil. O estudo adota o método lógico-dedutivo, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial acerca do direito brasileiro.
Asimilasi Yesus Kristus: Suatu Studi Analisis Menurut Filipi 2: 6-8
Authors: Pardede Rio Janto , Hutagaol Naek Tua Parlindungan , Manaransyah Samuel
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the assimilation of Jesus Christ according to Philippians 2: 6-8. The research method used is content analysis. The results showed that the assimilation of Jesus Christ showed that Jesus did not exercise His rights as God to defend His humanity. Based on content analysis research, it was found that the assimilation of Jesus Christ was different from humans (prisoner assimilation). Human rights are strongly fought for by the state or government, there is even a law that regulates to protect human rights while the rights of Jesus Christ as a human being are not protected by the state or government. In researching content analysis on the text of Philippians 2: 6-8, Biblical Theology views the assimilation of Jesus Christ divided into 5 components, namely: a) Jesus did not hold fast to His rights as God (2:6), b) Jesus put aside the glory of God. Him (2:7a), c) Jesus took on the nature of a human servant (2:7b), d) Jesus humbled Himself (2:8a), e) Jesus became obedient and died on the cross (2:8b).
Kelompok Kecil: Strategi Efektif Bagi Pembinaan Warga Gereja
Authors: Perangin Angin Yakub Hendrawan , Sirait Hikman , Yeniretnowati Tri Astuti
Published: October 2022

The small group method is very effective as a means of growing faith that leads to maturity of believers in Christ to become more like Christ. Many parachurch ministries and major churches have done it and have proven to be very effective. However, recently, many churches in urban areas have not given sufficient attention and have not considered small group discipleship as an effective strategy in cultivating church members. Even though Jesus has passed down discipleship through small groups which is very effective for Christianity to this day so that the church has a coaching pattern for every believer to grow his faith towards maturity, namely towards becoming more like Christ. For this reason, this research was carried out using library research methods from various book texts and research journals on small group discipleship. The results of this study indicate that believers and churches must make small group discipleship a strategy in faith education because it has been proven effective since the time of Jesus.
Perubahan Makna Teologis Sungai Kahayan Bagi Masyarakat Bukit Rawi
Authors: Wainarisi Yane Octavia Rismawati , Tumbol Stynie Nova
Published: October 2022

Dayak Ngaju tribe is a biggest tribe in Center Borneo. This tribe community have big interest to live in along of river Borders. It’s because this community hang all side of their life to the river. Kahayan Rivers as the target of research is a one of biggest river in Center of Borneo Abstract which have significant meaning for Kahayan community in economic, social so on theological perspectives. In the past, rivers reputed as connector between human and god. Because of this, Kahayan River became a place to do all local religion ritual from the pregnant time to the dead time of this tribe community. But since the development age, the are a meaning shift of theological meaning of Kahayan River for local people of Kahayan. This research made by qualitative study case approach to find the background of Theological meaning shift of Kahayan River for the people of Kahayan in Bukit Rawi Pulang Pisau Residence.
EDUKASI CARA MENGATASI DOMS PADA KOMUNITAS SEPEDA DI TASIKMADU
Authors: Rahman Farid , Fathya Annida , Surga Pamungkas Putra Ujir , Putri Fatati Nurainni , Yanitamara Dhiva Luthirani , Billa Azizah Shalsa
Published: October 2022

Abstak Latihan atau aktivitas fisik dengan intensitas yang berat seperti bersepeda dengan jarak jauh dapat menyebabkan terjadinya Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness atau disingkat DOMS yang mana merupakan rasa nyeri yang tidak nyaman pada otot yang digunakan pada saat berolahraga. DOMS biasanya muncul 24-48 jam setelah berolahraga. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ini dikaitkan dengan keadaan yang tidak biasa karena kerja otot yang berlebihan dan adanya kontraksi eksentrik yang dapat memicu terjadinya DOMS. Kontraksi otot eksentrik tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya perpanjangan otot selama otot berkontraksi.Orang yang bersepeda memiliki risiko mengalami DOMS karena melakukan aktivitas dengan intensitas yang cukup tinggi. Dari hasil observasi didapati peserta memiliki keluhan DOMS pada punggung hingga tungkai bawah yang muncul setelah aktivitas bersepeda. Kegiatan ini penuis lakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengedukasi para peserta komunitas sepeda yang ada di Tasikmadu tentang bagaimana cara mengatasi DOMS. Peserta kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini beranggotakan 7 orang pesepeda aktif dengan rentang usia 21-30 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa edukasi secara langsung yang memuat pengetahuan tentang DOMS dan bagaimana cara memanajemen keluhan DOMS yang muncul. Hasil dari program kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini ditemukan adanya peningkatan pemahaman pada peserta komunitas sepeda mengenai Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) sebanyak 56%.
UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA UMKM SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN: PRAKTEK PADA CU MITRA PARAHITA, CU TYAS MANUNGGAL DAN CU KRIDHA RAHARDJA
Authors: Kusumajati Titus Odong , Kusuma Stephanus Eri , Fridayani Januari Ayu , Diva Maria Angela , Pranatasari Fransisca Desiana
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this community service program is to increase the productivity of small businesses as an effort to alleviate poverty. The service method used is to provide material exposure, discussion, practice using working papers and group discussions. The results of the service stated that 88% of participants were very satisfied and satisfied with this training and formulated five follow-up plans, namely (1) Building a business network between fellow CU members (2) Conducting market development activities for member products (3) Identifying and managing potential members so that they will idea development, creativity and collaboration will emerge, (4) Provision of information supporting business development and (5) Business planning and financial budgeting assistance.
SOSIALISASI PEMBELAJARAN HYBRID DI SMK PGRI SUKODADI LAMONGAN
Authors: Annas Susanto Fajar , Yudianto Firman , Herlambang Teguh , Wulan Tri Deviasari
Published: October 2022

Pada saat ini SMK PGRI Sukodadi melakukan pembelajaran tatap muka yang diadakan secara dua shift yang menyulitkan para guru dalam memberikan materi, karena dengan waktu yang terbatas tetapi banyak materi yang harus disampaikan. Sehingga mengakibatkan materi yang diterima oleh siswa tidak sesuai kompetensi yang harusnya diterima. SMK PGRI Sukodadi Lamongan sangat memperhatikan capaian kompetensi pembelajaran peserta didiknya, sehingga peran guru dan tim Pendidik menjadi sangat penting. Akan tetapi waktu yang terbatas dalam memberikan materi pelajaran menjadi permasalahan tersendiri. Oleh karena itu sangat dibutuhkan sosialisasi pembelajaran hybrid yang bisa memudahkan siswa dan guru dalam menerima materi dan memberi materi pelajaran sesuai dengan kompetensi yang sudah ditetapkan. Dengan adanya pembelajaran hybrid yang akan diterapkan di SMK PGRI Sukodadi diharapkan dapat mengurangi gap dalam capaian pembelajaran.
Prospects of Blended Learning for the Post-COVID-19 Higher Education: The Instructors’ Perspectives at a University in South Africa
Authors: Badaru Kazeem Ajasa , Adu Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

The study explored the prospects of the blended learning approach for post-COVID-19 higher education from the perspectives of instructors at a university in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study was qualitative and adopted the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) design. Using the purposive sampling method, a sample of twenty-eight academics was drawn from one university. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed. The findings revealed that blended learning has prospects for higher education in the post-COVID-19 context; such as accommodating vulnerable students without access to the internet and devices, increasing use of technologies for teaching and learning, facilitation of teaching and learning at any time and place, and solving problems of classroom overcrowding, increasing opportunities for higher education enrolment, breaking communication barriers between university instructors and students, and solving problems of truancy and absence of students and lecturers during the face-to-face lecture hours. In light of these findings, this study concluded that the prospects of blended learning should be harnessed for higher education in the post-COVID-19 context. The present study also considered some recommendations for making the blended learning approach effective in attaining higher education goals. These included increasing investment in the use of technologies for teaching and learning; and ensuring that there is continuous training of instructors in the use of emerging technologies for educational purposes while government at all levels continues to support HEIs for the implementation of the BL delivery system.

Keywords: Blended learning, Online learning, Face-to-face learning, Higher education, University instructors, COVID-19 lockdown
Availability and Utilisation of E-Supervision of Instruction Facilities in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Awodiji Omotayo Adewale , Ayanwale Musa Adekunle , Oyedoyin Michael Mayowa
Published: October 2022

As a result of rapid globalisation, there have been some fundamental changes in education due to the rapid changes in knowledge, concepts, technology, and philosophy. COVID-19 has had devastating effects on the education sector. In Nigerian schools, supervisors, teachers, and students have always been required to interact face-to-face before this pandemic. This has led to using electronic facilities to carry out the instruction. Since supervision of instruction plays a vital role in the effective learning outcome. The study, therefore, seeks to investigate the availability and utilisation of electronic supervision of the instruction facilities after the COVID-19 era. A survey design was used to describe the state of e-supervision of instruction using a random sampling technique to select 226 participants from private secondary schools in Education District III, Lagos State. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to establish the availability and utilisation of e-supervision instructions in the post-COVID-19 era. Most of the samples studied (principals, vice-principals, and teachers) demonstrated high levels of access to various tools (both synchronous and asynchronous) used for e-supervision. Effective supervision of teaching and learning will certainly occur in schools with the availability of these tools since COVID-19 has taught teachers how to continue their professions without being hindered by the surge in technology.

Keywords: Asynchronous, E-supervision facilities, Instruction, Post-COVID-19, Synchronous
Refinement of the Parameters of the Negative Polarization Branch of Asteroid 419 Aurelia in the R Filter
Authors: Petrov D. V. , Zhuzhulina E. A. , Savushkin A. A.
Published: October 2022

Asteroid 419 Aurelia is of particular interest due to its unusual optical properties. But the lack of observational data, especially in the R filter, did not allow one to accurately determine the parameters of the negative polarization branch of this asteroid. We carried out the precise measurements of the Aurelia's degree of linear polarization at different phase angles. The data obtained made it possible to accurately approximate a complete branch of the negative polarization. Thanks to this, it was possible to obtain refined values of the parameters of the negative polarization branch.
Serum NT-ProBNP potential marker of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Risteska Maya , Vladimirova-Kitova Ludmila , Andonov Vladimir
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Based on many previous studies, liver cirrhosis is traditionally associated with cardiac dysfunction. The main clinical features of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy include attenuated systolic contractility in response to physiologic or pharmacologic strain, diastolic dysfunction, electrical conductance abnormalities, and chronotropic incompetence. Previous studies have found that the levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its precursor the N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are elevated in cirrhosis with systolic as well as diastolic dysfunction.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the association between early changes in cardiac function in patients with liver cirrhosis and NT- proBNP plasma levels.

Materials and methods: Forty-two consecutive hospitalized patients with viral-related cirrhosis were studied. We also evaluated a control group of 20 age and sex-matched patients with arterial hypertension. All underwent abdominal ultrasound, upper GI endoscopy, ECG, and echocardiography, and their plasma levels of NT-proBNP were determined.

Results: We observed higher NT-proBNP plasma levels in cirrhotic patients than in controls. We also found that atrial volumes, ejection fraction and partially left ventricular mass and PAPs (systolic pulmonary arterial pressure) were significantly altered in comparison with the hypertensive controls. Supporting previous studies, we also found that the mean QTc interval was prolonged in 65% of women and 96% of men.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study shows that plasma NT-proBNP levels, LAD (left atrium diameter), the E/A ratio, EDT (end diastolic time) and E/e’ ratio may be reliable indicators of the extent of cardiac abnormalities in cirrhotic patients.
Duodenal diverticulum perforation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mitragkas Paraskeuas , Synekidou Eirini , Hatzimisios Konstantinos
Published: October 2022

Duodenum is the second most common site for diverticula formation. Duodenal diverticula (DD) are asymptomatic incidental findings and their complications are rare. The rarest and most severe complication is DD perforation. Until 2012, only 162 cases of DD perforation were reported in the world literature.

A woman presented with acute abdomen and peritonitis. CT scan revealed hydropneumoretroperitoneum suggestive of duodenal perforation. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy and the diagnosis of a DD perforation was made. A diverticulectomy with tube duodenostomy was performed, without complication.

A duodenal diverticulum perforation can be treated either surgically or conventionally. Only selected patients can be treated conventionally. Surgical treatment remains the standard option. Treatment must be individualized.
Application of odontometric dimensions of molars in sex assessment in Bulgarians
Authors: Harizanova Zdravka , Baltadjiev Atanas , Yordanova Miroslava , Ahmed-Popova Ferihan , Boyaci Emre
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Sex estimation is an important step in developing a biological profile. Teeth are one of the most durable physical elements in the human body and thus can be used very successfully for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to determine sex differences in odontometric dimensions of maxillary and mandibular molars in Bulgarians.

Materials and methods: The study included 232 healthy subjects (121 males, 111 females) of Bulgarian origin in the age group of 20–40 years, with fully erupted, periodontal disease free, caries free, non-worn teeth. Vestibulolingual, mesiodistal and cervicoincisal (coronal height) dimensions of maxillary and mandibular molars were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper, Ridge Mapping Caliper Type A and Type B and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: Cervicoincisal dimensions in both maxillary and mandibular molars, except for the maxillary left second molars, were significantly higher in males compared to females. Similar statistically significant differences were found in mesiodistal dimensions in first molars from both jaws. Vestibulolingual dimensions in both maxillary and mandibular first molars and mandibular second molars were significantly higher in males compared to females as well.

Conclusions: The results of our measurements exhibited statistically significant sex differences in both maxillary and mandibular molars in people of Bulgarian origin. In accordance with similar odontometric studies, molars may successfully differentiate both sexes and thus determine the need for further investigations in this field.
Incidental finding of unilateral complete duplication of ureter in a patient with large ureteric calculus obstructing both left limbs
Authors: Tsikopoulos Ioannis , Cuziurova Dileara , Galanoulis Konstantinos , Kalogiannis Dimitrios , Skriapas Konstantinos
Published: October 2022

Duplication of the ureter is a common congenital malformation, which unfortunately may be accompanied by unpleasant and challenging pathologies. Hereby, a rare case of a patient with obstructive urolithiasis secondary to undiagnosed complete ureteral duplication is presented. A single large calculus in the vesicoureteral junction was obstructing both duplicated ureters. The aim of this article was to discuss both the challenges arising from this clinical entity and the diagnostic approaches. In such complicated cases combined with suspected pyelonephritis or severe hydronephrosis, the option of an urgent lithotripsy should be considered. The obstructed orifices are often inflammatory, hindering their stenting. Asymptomatic and undiagnosed patients with completely duplicated ureters are prone to severe complications. Thus, early screening of these patients is an imperative need for the clinician.
Evaluating the relation of posterior occlusal plane to ala-tragal line according to age and sex
Authors: Ghodsi Safoura , Sef Omrani Soroush , Mogharrabi Sara , Valizadeh Sara
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Occlusal plane orientation affects the esthetic, function, and success of removable or fixed prostheses. The most prevalent index for determination of this plane is the ala-tragus line while there are controversies in the exact location of tragus reference point.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the best point on tragus as the posterior reference of ala-tragal line in relation to occlusal plane according to age and sex.

Materials and methods: The study included 136 participants of both sexes who were randomly divided into three age groups: 20-35, 36-50, and older than 50. Fox plane was stabilized on incisal edge-occlusal table of maxillary teeth. A lateral photograph was obtained from each participant sitting in predetermined standard position. Using Auto-Cad software, three lines were traced from nasal ala base to superior, middle, and inferior borders of the tragus, and evaluated for being parallel to occlusal plane.

Results: The coordination between occlusal plane and ala was 20.5% for superior, 35.6% for middle, and 43.9% for inferior border of tragus. There was a significant difference in the relationship between sex and plane position (p=0.003), while the relationship between age and plane could not reach statistical significance (p=0.65). The results were analyzed using chi-square test, and ANOVA (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Ala-inferior border of tragus line was the most parallel, and ala-superior border of tragus line was the least parallel line to the occlusal plane. The parallelism between occlusal plane and ala-superior border was more prevalent in women, while the men demonstrated significantly more parallelism with inferior border of tragus.
Stability study of extemporaneously compounded nitrofurantoin oral suspensions for pediatric patients
Authors: Pehlivanov Ivaylo , Stoeva Stanila , Simitchiev Apostol , Stefanov Stanislav , Andonova Velichka
Published: October 2022

Aim: To evaluate the stability of nitrofurantoin suspended in different extemporaneously compounded vehicles after storage at 4°C and at 25°C. To formulate an effective, readily available vehicle that can guarantee extended stability and precise dosing.

Materials and methods: Nitrofurantoin was suspended at a concentration of 10 mg/mL in seven different vehicles compounded of different blends of Syrupus simplex, sorbitol 70%, methylcellulose 1%, gummi arabici 1%, gummi xanthani 1%, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) 1%. Samples of 100 mL of every compounded suspension were stored in dark in graded glass bottles at 4°C and at 25°C. Samples were analyzed at the beginning and every 10 days up to day 30 and every 30 days after. Variations of physical properties such as sedimentation, ease of resuspension, color and odor were evaluated visually and organoleptically. Rheological analysis was also performed in order to determine suspensions’ behavior during storage and dosing. Variations in nitrofurantoin concentration and pH were evaluated with suitable analytical procedure (UV-Vis; HPLC; pH/ORP). Microbiological stability was evaluated via incubation on suitable culture media.

Results: To the 30th day, only three of the compounded suspensions exhibited significant physical stability and slight change in taste and odor stored at both temperatures. Two samples stored at 25°C exhibited nitrofurantoin concentration greater than 95% and 4 samples stored at 4°C – concentration greater than 95%. All models showed no microbial growth up to day 30. At 120 days, only three of the compounded suspensions, stored at 4°C, exhibited relatively high nitrofurantoin concentrations: 88.2%, 92%, and 81.1%, respectively. Only one model suspension showed chemical and physical stability (≥95% of the initial concentration) for 102 days. No model suspension remained sterile after 30 days.

Conclusions: The suspensions compounded with vehicles of blends of syrups, xanthan, croscarmellose (NaCMC), and sorbitol exhibited low to none sedimentation, good uniformity of content and are suitable organoleptically for pediatric administration. The model suspension stored at 4°C (NTF VII 4°C – with major excipients: sucrose 16%, sorbitol 17%, xanthan gum 0.25%, NaCMC 0.25%) stands out with nitrofurantoin concentration higher than 95% along with no or little signs of sedimentation. After adding a suitable preservative agent or system, a formulation with these characteristics might have an expiration date of at least 90 days.
Review of the genus Plutothrix Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) with a key to Palaearctic species
Authors: Tselikh Ekaterina V. , Várkonyi Gergely , Dale-Skey Natalie
Published: October 2022

The species of Plutothrix Förster, 1856 are reviewed. Plutothrix gribanovi, sp. nov., is described from Russia, P. longigaster, sp. nov., and P. zerovae, sp. nov., are described from Finland and Russia. The male of P. canariensis Hedqvist, 1974 is described for the first time. The species Plutothrix transdanuviana (Erdös, 1946), syn. nov., is synonymized under Seladerma antennatum (Walker, 1833). The following new records are reported: Plutothrix nudicoxa Graham, 1993 and P. perelegans Graham, 1993 from Finland, P. obtusiclava Graham, 1993 and P. zhangyieensis Yang, 1996 from Russia, and P. perelegans Graham, 1993 from Ukraine. An identification key to females of all Palaearctic species of Plutothrix is provided.
Contribution to the taxonomy of the Pseudepipona subgenus Deuterepipona Blüthgen, 1951 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Central Asia, with the description of four new species
Authors: Fateryga Alexander V. , Proshchalykin Maxim Yu.
Published: October 2022

Four new species are described: Pseudepipona (Deuterepipona) kostylevi Fateryga, sp. nov. (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan), P. (D.) nikolayi Fateryga, sp. nov. (Kazakhstan), P. (D.) popovi Fateryga, sp. nov. (Turkmenistan), and P. (D.) vladimiri Fateryga, sp. nov. (Kazakhstan). A new synonymy is proposed: Pseudepipona (Deuterepipona) superba (Morawitz, 1867) = P. (D.) tricolor Gusenleitner, 1976, syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for two species: Pseudepipona (Deuterepipona) herzi (Morawitz, 1895) and P. (D.) superba. Two species, both not occurring in the region under study, are transferred to the subgenus Deuterepipona from the nominotypical one: Pseudepipona (Deuterepipona) priesneri Gusenleitner, 1970 and P. (D.) pseudominuta Gusenleitner, 1971. An identification key to all six species of the subgenus Deuterepipona from Central Asia is provided.
A new fossil euphorine genus and species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with the longest known ovipositor from Dominican amber
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Hovorka Tomáš
Published: October 2022

A new genus and species of the braconid subfamily Euphorinae, Palaeorionis longicaudisgen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Miocene Dominican amber. This new genus is characterised by the long and tube-shaped petiole, presence of both radiomedial (2-SR and r-m) veins on the infuscate fore wing and long ovipositor.
Variation in plant traits and phylogenetic structure associated with native and nonnative species in an industrialized flora
Authors: Worthy Samantha J. , Marsico Travis D. , Lucardi Rima D. , Whitehurst Lauren E. , Burgess Kevin S.
Published: October 2022

Industrialized sites are hotspots for nonnative species because of continuous anthropogenic disturbance and nonnative propagule rain resulting from hitchhikers exchanged through global trade. Investigating plant traits and the phylogenetic structure of species at initial ports of entry can contribute to our understanding of how species are introduced to, assembled into, and survive at industrialized sites, which can also inform how susceptible these sites are to nonnative plant invasions. To compare native and nonnative species, we asked three questions: 1) Are plant traits differentially associated with species nativity (native versus nonnative)? (2) Do these traits have phylogenetic signals? and (3) What is the phylogenetic structure of each trait for native and nonnative species? We collected, identified, and vouchered 170 angiosperm species within the Garden City Terminal at the Port of Savannah, Georgia, USA, the largest container terminal in North America. Species nativity was derived from the literature, as were traits of pollination syndrome, dispersal syndrome, duration, and growth habit. Pearson’s Chi-squared tests were used to determine if traits were differentially associated with species nativity. Phylogenetic signal, along with mean pairwise distance (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD), were used to assess the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of native and nonnative species with each trait. Nonnative species showed a significant association with multiple pollination syndromes. Native species were significantly associated with perennial duration and zoophily pollination syndrome. All traits possessed a phylogenetic signal, and the anemophily pollination syndrome was significantly clustered for both native and nonnative species. Still, most other traits differed in their phylogenetic structure pattern based on the nativity. Overall, findings suggest that the environment is filtering for native and nonnative species that possess traits promoting introduction and survival at this industrialized point-of-entry. They also suggest that nonnative species trait differences partition available niches that promote their introduction to the site. More research is needed at industrialized sites to inventory and monitor the floristic community, investigate the establishment and spread probabilities of nonnative species, and prevent and mitigate nonnative species risks and impacts.
The developable surfaces with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of Frenet type framed base curves in Euclidean 3-space
Authors: Li Yanlin , Eren Kemal , Ayvacı Kebire Hilal , Ersoy Soley
Published: October 2022

In this study, the ruled developable surfaces with pointwise 1-type Gauss map of Frenet-type framed base (Ftfb) curve are introduced in Euclidean 3-space. The tangent developable surfaces, focal developable surfaces, and rectifying developable surfaces with singular points are considered. Then the conditions for the Gauss map of these surfaces to be pointwise 1-type are obtained separately. In order to form a basis for the study, first, the basic concepts related to the Ftfb curve and the Gauss map of a surface are recalled. Later, the necessary and sufficient conditions are found for these surfaces to be of the pointwise 1-type of the Gauss map. Finally, examples for each type of these surfaces are given, and their graphics are illustrated.
Quality of Service-Based Cross-Layer Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: S Arockiaraj , Makkithaya Krishnamoorthi , Hebbar N Harishchandra
Published: October 2022

Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used for perceiving, monitoring, and controlling a wide range of applications. Owing to the small size of sensor nodes and limited power sources, energy saving is critical for ensuring network longevity. Protocols in different layers consume energy for their function. It is possible to significantly reduce energy usage by including energy-efficiency measures in the protocol design. Most protocols in the literature focus on the energy efficiency in individual layers. Recent studies have shown that cross-layer designs are more energy efficient than individual layer designs. Therefore, this study presents a cross-layer protocol design that combines network and data link layers to minimize energy consumption. This article proposes a novel "Quality of Service Based Cross-layer (QSCL) Protocol" by combining the IEEE 802.15.4-based MAC protocol and the LEACH-based routing protocol. The dynamic duty cycle of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol was modified based on the amount of data present in the node, which minimized the energy consumption of the data-transfer mechanism. The cluster head (CH) selection of the LEACH-based protocol was modified to consider the average residual energy (RE) of the nodes and their distance from the sink. This helps preserve the energy in the CH, thereby extending the network lifetime. Simulation studies demonstrated that the proposed QSCL outperformed the existing protocols by prolonging the network lifetime.
Could Innovation Activities Improve the Students Learning Process?
Authors: Pérez Gutiérrez María Concepción
Published: October 2022

The learning process depends fundamentally on the students' aptitudes and attitudes, but not only: lecturers may affect it by changing the class environment. How? An option is including in the course schedule tasks and activities designed using game strategies. The goal is transforming the student into the main character of each session, no matter if it is held face-to-face or online. All the innovation activities described in this charter have been tested in STEM courses in an architecture program. They aim to be inspirational for other lecturers or course coordinators. Every class group is different so the way of improving its environment is also different. The key to success is adapting the general strategy to each situation. Once a problem is detected, a solution must be released. Stagnation is not an option. Let us make the students work for it.
Didactic Strategies for Meaningful Learning
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Kariyev Adlet D.
Published: October 2022

This work aims to analyze and explain the didactic strategies used to achieve meaningful learning. If students are given freedom and confidence, they can find their own answers and develop their knowledge, both in the classroom and in practical life. The method used is the analytical-descriptive one of the reviews of the literature of the main authors who have given rise to this approach, its elements, and the didactic strategies used. It is concluded that the design and implementation of didactic strategies focused on meaningful learning with the application of active didactic methodologies and strategies in meaningful learning processes depending on the context in which it takes place obtains better results in the training of professionals.
Microlearning in Physics Teaching
Authors: Sanglier Contreras Gastón , Gonzalez Lezcano Roberto Alonso , López Fernández Eduardo José
Published: October 2022

It can be broadly considered that academic factors in general, and the quality of teaching in particular, contribute significantly to academic failure, although they are not the only important factors. Moreover, academic factors are, at least theoretically, the most easily alterable through the intervention of university teachers. This chapter proposes incorporating microlearning into physics teaching in order to favour students' understanding of it. Specifically, it presents a series of considerations for the design of effective micro-modules for teaching physics to general education students. The first part of the chapter discusses the concept of microlearning and highlights the advantages of its implementation in the classroom. The second and last part summarises six important considerations when creating an effective micro-module and presents a concrete example developed by teachers at the Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Universidad CEU - San Pablo in Madrid, Spain.
Mobile Gamification to Integrate Face-to-Face and Virtual Students
Authors: Hernando-Mansilla Felix , Gordejuela Federico de Isidro , Heredia Mª Isabel Castilla
Published: October 2022

This chapter shows the proposal of a team of professors from the Universidad San Pablo-CEU to facilitate the active participation of all students regardless of their type of attendance at classes (face-to-face, virtual synchronous, and virtual asynchronous). The proposal consists of an educational game of questions and answers that has been designed. The students create the game questions themselves and upload them via a web application at any time and from anywhere in the world. The games are developed in the class sessions, and the students, distributed in mixed face-to-face and virtual teams, participate together through their mobile phones. The initiative was enthusiastically embraced by the students, who showed involvement, great interest, and significantly improved their level of comprehension and academic success.