bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the USDA National Cooperative Soil Survey Soil Characterization Data to Detect Soil Change: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Tomer M. D. , James D. E. , Schipper L. A. , Wills S. A.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Long‐term databases are important for assessing soil change.

The USDA Soil Survey Characterization Database provides long‐term soil data.

Methods of analysis used have changed and soils were sampled only once.

Changes in methods must be accounted for in soil change studies and trends.

Recently, the USDA–NRCS National Cooperative Soil Survey Soil Characterization Database (NSCD) was reported to provide evidence that total nitrogen (TN) stocks of agricultural soils have increased across the Mississippi basin since 1985. Unfortunately, historical changes in methods used to measure TN were not fully accounted for in that report. We used NSCD archives to calibrate between wet (pre‐1995) and dry (post‐1995) digestion methods used in measuring TN and soil organic carbon (SOC), then evaluated temporal trends in SOC and TN stocks with data from 423 Alfisol and 900 Mollisol profiles representing the US Corn Belt. Data were grouped by moisture regime, farming history (presence of Ap horizon), and depth (0–20, 20–60, and 60–100 cm). Regressions showed geographic and textural influences on SOC, and that SOC increased with time among farmed soils, particularly at 20 to 60 cm. Soil TN was dependent on SOC, especially at the surface (R2 > 0.71), and decreasing TN trends with time were found among farmed soils above 60‐cm depth. Increases in C to N ratios further suggested TN has been slowly stabilizing within soils of the US Corn Belt. However, C to N ratios <9.0 were prevalent at 60–100 cm depth (>60% frequency), indicating large TN stores remain in these soils. An increasing trend in SOC, TN, and C to N ratios among non‐farmed, aquic Mollisols suggested SOC and TN accumulations in wet soils typically located below croplands. Results suggest slow improvement in agricultural soils. However, resampling has not been broadly undertaken for NSCD soil profiles, hence use of this database to detect soil change should be approached cautiously.
New generation vaccines against bluetongue virus
Authors: W. Niedbalski , A. Fitzner
Published: January 2018

Over the last three decades, a variety of approaches have been investigated to develop new types of bluetongue virus (BTB) vaccines, ranging from baculovirus-expressed subunit vaccines to live vector vaccines. DNA vaccines against BTV consist of DNA plasmid expressing different BTV proteins after inoculation of the animals. The recombinant viral vector vaccines against BTV are based on recombinant viruses that express desired BTV antigens in the host upon inoculation. Viruses such as vaccinia, modified vaccinia Ancara (MVA), capripox, canarypox, herpes, myxoma and fowlpox viruses have been used as vectors of BTV genes. The reverse genetics (RG) systems for BTV are useful tools for BTV vaccine development. Disabled infectious single-cycle (DISC) vaccines make it possible to restore virus replication and can be used for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). These vaccines are based on the production of a modified virus with a deletion in one or more genes that are essential for virus replication. Another approach for BTV vaccine development using RG is the disabled infectious single-animal (DISA) vaccine, generated by deletion of NS3/NS3a expression. DISC and DISA vaccines can mimic the natural tropism of the virus and can express BTV proteins at the site of infection. Important advantages of these new generation vaccines over the conventional BTV vaccines are their high efficacy as well as the possibility of applying them for DIVA. At present, there are a number of novel laboratory-scale BTV vaccines that could meet vaccine profiles required for different field situations. However, further development and licensing of these vaccine candidates for many BTV serotypes is needed in order to prepare for future BT outbreaks. To date, all novel BTV vaccines described in this paper are still under laboratory testing. They are not available commercially, and the time of their application in the field is still indefinite. .
THE EFFECT OF COMPETENCIES, COMMITMENT ORGANIZATIONS, AND SUPERVISION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BOARDING SCHOOL AL-AMIN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Syamsudin Nur
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study was to Assess the effect of competence, organizational commitment, and supervision simultaneously and partially on the performance of employees at the boarding school Al-Amin Mojokerto, and Revealing the factors which most influence on employee performance Pondok Pesantren Al-Amin Mojokerto. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with multiple linear regression methods. The sample used in this study is a sample of the population, meaning that all the population of research subjects. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. From the results, if the data found that competence, organizational commitment, and monitoring the significant effect on the performance of employees at boarding school Al-Amin. This is evidenced by the results of the F test shows that F count larger than F table. Partially each independent variable namely competence, organizational commitment, and supervision significantly influence the dependent variable employee performance as evidenced by t where t is greater than t table.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Due to Opioid Abuse in Pregnancy
Authors: Mutlu Ozyurt Banu , Surmeli Onay Ozge , Ersoy Ozlem
Published: January 2018

Opioid abuse during pregnancy is increasing in women of childbearing age in Turkey. The frequency of clinical signs of withdrawal in infants who exposed to heroin in utero are varying between 16-90%. Here, we present five newborn infants presenting with neonatal abstinence syndrome who were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mersin Maternity and Children’s Hospital. All of the five infants were symptomatic including irritability, tremors, high-pitched cry, excessive sucking and seizure. Hyperirritability was the predominant sign. Seizure was observed two of the five infants which clinically presented between 1st-5th day of life and was controlled with phenobarbital. We have experienced seizure due to withdrawal of opioid more than the past reports and we thought that interrupting breastfeeding may facilitate seizure. Breastfeeding may slow down the decrease of opioid level in blood and may reduce the symptoms. In conclusion, opioid abuse in pregnancy is a growing sociological problem in Turkey and a protocol for management is required for neonatologists.
Removal of algal taste and odour compounds by granular and biological activated carbon in full-scale water treatment plants
Authors: Faruqi Aisha , Henderson Milann , Henderson Rita K. , Stuetz Richard , Gladman Brendan , McDowall Bridget , Zamyadi Arash
Published: January 2018

The occurrence and severity of cyanobacterial and algal blooms in water supplies has been increasing due to the effects of eutrophication and climate change, resulting in more frequent taste and odour (T&O) events. Conventional treatment processes have been found to be inefficient in removing the two most commonly detected algal T&O compounds, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), though granular activated carbon (GAC) and biological activated carbon (BAC) contactors have achieved high T&O removal rates. Literature on the performance of GAC and BAC for T&O removal in full-scale treatment plants, however, is limited. This review collates and assesses pilot-scale and full-scale studies which focus on removal of geosmin and MIB, with the aim of understanding the factors which influence T&O removal and determining knowledge gaps in the use of GAC and BAC. Age and empty bed contact time (EBCT) were found to have a significant impact on GAC performance, with removal efficiency decreasing with increased age and increasing with longer EBCTs. BAC contactors have achieved higher removal rates than non-biologically active GAC contactors and were not impacted by age, EBCT and/or carbon type. From these observations, implementation of BAC for T&O removal would be favourable; however, further investigations are required to understand full-scale performance of BAC and service life modelling.
Preparation and characterization and application of activated alumina (AA) from alum sludge for the adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions: new approach to alum sludge recycling
Authors: Aghapour Ali Ahmad , Khorsandi Hassan , Dehghani Anahita , Karimzade Sima
Published: January 2018

Activated alumina (AA) prepared from alum sludge (AS) was used in removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. The capacity of AA in the adsorption of fluoride from water was found to be 17.75 mg/g. The maximum efficiency of fluoride adsorption was 96% at the optimum condition (C = 5 mg/L, pH = 7, t = 20 min and adsorbent dosage = 5 g/L). Based on the results, it can be concluded that conversion of AS to AA can be a method for recycling of AS. Also AA can be used for adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions. So AS as a substance harmful to the environment turns into AA as a usable material in water treatment.
An Inflammation-related Nutrient Pattern is Associated with Both Brain and Cognitive Measures in a Multiethnic Elderly Population
Authors: Gu Yian , Manly Jennifer J. , Mayeux Richard P. , Brickman Adam M.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary factors are associated with Alzheimer's
disease, cognition, and brain health in older adults. It is however unclear whether inflammation
explains this association.

Objective:

To examine whether an inflammation-related nutrient pattern (INP) was associated with neuroimaging
and cognitive measures of brain health.

Method:

The current cross-sectional study included 330 non-demented elderly (mean age 79 years at
MRI scan) participants in a multi-ethnic, community-based cohort study who had information on nutritional
intake (estimated from food frequency questionnaire), circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-
6 (measured by ELISA), MRI scans, and cognition. Diet and blood samples were collected approximately
5.3 years prior to the MRI and cognitive test visit. We used a reduced rank regression
model to derive an INP based on 24 nutrients' relationship with CRP and interleukin-6. We examined
the association of the INP with brain and cognitive measures using regression models adjusted for age,
sex, race/ethnicity, education, caloric intake, APOE genotype, body mass index, and vascular burden, as
well as intracranial volume for the brain MRI measures.

Results:

The INP was characterized by low intake (effect loading <-0.15) of calcium, vitamins (D, E, A,
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6), folate, Ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and high intake (>0.15) of cholesterol. As
designed, this INP was positively correlated with CRP (Pearson's r=0.25 p=0.005) and interleukin-6
(r=0.30, p<0.0001). Each unit increase in INP was associated with 36.8 cm3 (p=0.023) smaller total
brain volume and 0.21 (p=0.038) lower visuospatial z-score. Mediation analysis showed that TGMV
(b=0.002, p=0.003) was associated with visuospatial cognitive function, and there was a significant mediation
effect by TGMV (indirect effect: -0.049, 95% CI: -0.1121 ~ -0.0131) for the association between
INP and visuospatial cognitive score.

Conclusions:

Among older adults, a diet with high inflammatory potential is associated with less favorable
brain and cognitive health.
Fisetin Attenuates AKT Associated Growth Promoting Events in AflatoxinB1 Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Maurya Brajesh K. , Trigun Surendra K.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Recently, we have reported that Fisetin, a natural flavonol, is able to regress Aflatoxin-
B1 (AFB1) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) led proinflammatory
factors in rats. In the current study, we aimed to delineate whether Fisetin does so by modulating
the cell growth promoting signaling cascade in HCC. The reciprocal interplay of 3-phosphoinositol kinase
(PI3K) vs phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) displays Akt, a protein kinase
B, to get phosphorylated at Thr308 by a 3-phosphoinositol dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). This commits cells of
neoplastic niche to undergo rapid proliferation by p-Aktthr308 dependent phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Ser 9 position.

Method:

In this study, the effect of in vivo treatment of 20 mg/kg b.w. Fisetin on relative profile of all these
factors were studied in the liver from the HCC rats induced by two doses of 1mg/kg b.w. AFB1 i.p.

Result:

As compared to the untreated HCC liver, liver from Fisetin treated HCC group rats showed a significant
decline in the activity and level of p-Aktthr308 which was consistent with a similar decline in PDK1 level. Concordantly,
the level of p-GSK3βSer 9 was also found to be declined significantly in those Fisetin-treated HCC
livers.

Conclusion:

A concomitant decline in immunohistochemically detected number of the proliferating cell nuclear
antigen (PCNA), a cell proliferation marker, in the HCC liver, further confirmed anti-cell proliferative role of
Fisetin during HCC growth in vivo. These findings suggest that Fisetin is able to suppress Akt dependent cell
growth signaling mechanisms in HCC mainly by down regulating PDK1 dependent Akt phosphorylation.
Risk Factors of Orofacial Pain: A Population-Based Study in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rikmasari Rasmi , Yubiliana Gilang , Maulina Tantry
Published: January 2018

Background:

The management of orofacial pain in Indonesia has not been well performed, which consequently led to an increase in the orofacial pain occurrences and a decreased quality of life. One of the possible reasons for this particular matter is the lack of evaluation on the risk factors that might induce orofacial pain in some individuals.

Objective:

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the risk factors of orofacial pain on productive age population in West Java province, Indonesia.

Methods:

One thousand and fifty-six participants (522 males; 534 females) were recruited for the study. A questionnaire that consists of demographic questions and questions evaluating several assumed risk factors for orofacial pain was used in a single interview. All data was analyzed by using Chi Square test to test the significance, Odds Ratio (OR), as well as Relative Risk (RR) by usingSPSSversion 23 (IBM Statistic, USA).

Results:

The result of the current study revealed that bruxism (p<0.01), daytime clenching (p<0.01), and unilateral chewing (p<0.01) were significantly related to the occurrence of orofacial pain. It was also found that participants who performed multitude of heavy liftings at work have an increased risk (RR=1.19: 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.35) of having orofacial pain compared to those who do not.

Conclusion:

Risk factors for the occurrence of orofacial pain on productive age population in Indonesian sample consisted of oral parafunctional habits and non-parafunctional habits, such as heavy lifting. Further study in this particular topic is of importance.
Epidemiology of Clostridium Difficile Infection in a Large Hospital in Northern Italy: Questioning the Ward-Based Transmission
Authors: Piatti Gabriella , Bruzzone Marco , Fontana Vincenzo , Mannini Alessandro , Ceppi Marcello
Published: January 2018

Background:

Clostridium Difficileinfection (CDI) is considered a ward-based nosocomial infection, due to contagion among patients. Molecular studies recently questioned ward-based contact for disease spread.

Objective:

To investigate whether it is plausible that CDI spread in San Martino Hospital of Genoa was due to a ward-based contact and patient-to-patient diffusion.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of CDI cases from April 2010 to March 2015. We referred to Hospital data set and Admission Service. Multilevel modelling approach and ecological analysis were used to assessC. difficileinfection risk according to wards and time of occurrence. Six representative CD strains were ribotyped to assess a possible equivalence.

Results:

The assessment of 514 CDI cases showed that the risk of disease and rate of incidence in wards were independent, while frequency of cases and number of wards involved exhibited a positive relationship, excluding the typical epidemic pattern of contagious diffusion,i.e., many cases in few wards. The extra-binomial variability due to ward clustering was not significant, indicating homogeneity in the probability of CDI occurrence across all wards. Three hundred sixty-eight patients changed ward, without showing connection between the frequency of cases in new wards and incidence among new subjects. Trigonometric components described a significant contribution of seasonality, with excess of CDI cases during the winter months. Molecular analysis showed different ribotypes of CD strains from the same ward.

Conclusion:

From our results it seems unlikely that in our institution CDI occurrence is due to ward-based contact and inter-human contagion of the organism.
The Effect of Ranibizumab on Normal Neurosensory Retina in the Eyes of Patients with Exudative Age Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Makri Olga E. , Vavvas Demetrios , Plotas Panagiotis , Pallikari Athina , Georgakopoulos Constantine D.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors have become the mainstay treatment for neovascular age related macular degeneration. Prolonged suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor raises concerns as it may result in harmful effects on retina.

Objective:

The purpose of this retrospective chart review is to evaluate the 1-year effect of treatment with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab on normal neurosensory retinal tissue of patients with exudative age related macular degeneration using the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Method:

The study includedsixty five eyes of 62 patients (32 male and 30 female; mean age 74.97±8.5 years) with exudative age related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab with apro re natatreatment regimen over a period of 1 year. The MM5 thickness maps acquired with the Optovue RTVue-100 Fourier-domain OCT at baseline, at 3 months, after the 3 loading doses of ranibizumab, and at the 1 year follow-up visit were used for analysis. Changes of inner and outer retinal thickness in four selected points of normal retina on the MM5 scan were evaluated.

Results:

The patients received a mean of 6.4 ± 1.8 (median 6, range 3-11) intravitreal injections of ranibizumab over a period of 12 months. No significant change was observed in inner and outer retinal thickness at pre-selected spots of normal retina during the first year of intravitreal administration of ranibizumab.

Conclusion:

One year treatment with ranibizumab on an individualized, according to need dosing regimen does not seem to induce any detectable structural damage in the unaffected, normal retina.
Challenges of Obtaining Informed Consent in Emergency Ward: A Qualitative Study in One Iranian Hospital
Authors: Davoudi Nayyereh , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Zokaei Mohammad Saeed , Fazeli Nematallah
Published: January 2018

Background and Objective:

Regarding the fact that emergency ward has unique characteristics, whose uniqueness affects informed consent processes by creating specific challenges. Hence, it seems necessary to identify the process and challenges of informed consent in the emergency ward through a qualitative study to understand actual patients’ and health care providers’ experiences, beliefs, values, and feelings about the informed consent in the emergency ward. Through such studies, new insight can be gained on the process of informed consent and its challenges with the hope that the resulting knowledge will enable the promotion of ethical, legal as well as effective health services to the patients in the emergency ward.

Method:

In this qualitative study, research field was one of the emergency wards of educational and public hospitals in Iran. Field work and participant observation were carried out for 515 hours from June 2014 to March 2016. Also, conversations and semi-structured interviews based on the observations were conducted. The participants of the study were nurses and physicians working in the emergency ward, as well as patients and their attendants who were involved in the process of obtaining informed consent.

Results:

Three main categories were extracted from the data: a sense of frustration; reverse protection; and culture of paternalism in consent process.

Conclusion:

Findings of this study can be utilized in correcting the structures and processes of obtaining informed consent together with promotion of patients' ethical and legal care in emergency ward. In this way, the approaches in consent process will be changed from paternalistic approach to patient-centered care which concomitantly protects patient’s autonomy.
Biology learning evaluation model in Senior High Schools
Authors: Utari Sri , Djukri Djukri
Published: January 2018

The study was to develop a Biology learning evaluation model in senior high schools that referred to the research and development model by Borg & Gall and the logic model. The evaluation model included the components of input, activities, output and outcomes. The developing procedures involved a preliminary study in the form of observation and theoretical review regarding the Biology learning evaluation in senior high schools. The product development was carried out by designing an evaluation model, designing an instrument, performing instrument experiment and performing implementation. The instrument experiment involved teachers and Students from Grade XII in senior high schools located in the City of Yogyakarta. For the data gathering technique and instrument, the researchers implemented observation sheet, questionnaire and test. The questionnaire was applied in order to attain information regarding teacher performance, learning performance, classroom atmosphere and scientific attitude; on the other hand, test was applied in order to attain information regarding Biology concept mastery. Then, for the analysis of instrument construct, the researchers performed confirmatory factor analysis by means of Lisrel 0.80 software and the results of this analysis showed that the evaluation instrument valid and reliable. The construct validity was between 0.43-0.79 while the reliability of measurement model was between 0.88-0.94. Last but not the least, the model feasibility test showed that the theoretical model had been supported by the empirical data.
An emotion assessment model for Elementary School students
Authors: Herwin Herwin , Mardapi Djemari
Published: January 2018

This study aims to produce an emotion assessment model for elementary school students, identify the characteristics of the quality of the emotion assessment instrument, and obtain information about the results of emotion assessment. The study employed the design and development (D&D) approach. The study was conducted at 9 elementary schools. The data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and  interviews. The data analysis techniques were Cohen’s Kappa Inter-Rater analysis and Goodness of Fit analysis using Mokken Scalability Analysis. The results of the study show that the emotion assessment model for students consists of six aspects of emotion, i.e.: fear, anger, sadness, boredom, joy, and curiosity. The model consists of 16 indicators and 60 observed items. The emotion assessment model consists of instrument grids, a user’s guide, a scoring rubric, and a guide for result interpretation. The emotion assessment model is valid and reliable based on the in inter-rater testing through Cohen’s Kappa statistics with an average Kappa coefficient of 0.82 (almost perfect). The results of emotion assessment by teachers are: the fear of elementary school students ranging from high, medium and low category. The anger of students ranges from high, medium and low. The sadness of students ranges from moderate to low category. Boredom of students ranges from medium to low category. The joy of the students is in the high category. The curiosity of students ranges from high and medium category.
Development and validity of mathematical learning assessment instruments based on multiple intelligence
Authors: Suryani Helmiah , Kartowagiran Badrun , Jailani Jailani
Published: January 2018

This study was aimed to develop and produce an assessment instrument of mathematical learning results based on multiple intelligence. The methods in this study used Borg & Gall-Research and Development approach (Research & Development). The subject of research was 289 students. The results of research: (1) Result of Aiken Analysis showed 58 valid items were between 0,714 to 0,952. (2) Result of the Exploratory on factor analysis indicated the instrument consist of three factors i.e. mathematical logical intelligence-spatial intelligence-and linguistic intelligence. KMO value was 0.661 df 0.780 sig. 0.000 with valid category. This research succeeded to developing the assessment instrument of mathematical learning results based on multiple intelligence of second grade in elementary school with characteristics of logical intelligence of mathematics, spatial intelligence, and linguistic intelligence.
Adoption of Culture in Bugis houses in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Hashimah
Published: January 2018

As elaborated by scholars the built environment is influenced by culture, belief and past experiences. The paper intends to elaborate on the adoption of culture in the design of the Bugis traditional houses in Johor, Malaysia. The methodology involved two main instruments namely literature review and field observation.  The studies suggest that even though the houses were built away from their homeland in Sulawesi, Indonesia the culture of the Bugis descendants remains intact. This was revealed in their behaviour and the forms of the plans and elevations of their traditional houses.
Analyzing the Effect of Situational Factor on Recycling Behaviour in Determining the Quality of Life
Authors: Abdul Latif Saripah , Omar Mohd Shukri , Bidin Yeop Hussin , Awang Zainudin
Published: January 2018

Failure in managing solid waste could result in environmental deterioration, which affects the quality of life. Recycling is argued to be a better solution to the problem. Although consumers' awareness is increasing, participations in recycling are still low. The objective is to examine the influence of situational factors on recycling behaviour. Using cluster sampling, 300 respondents from selected urban areas in Malaysia were identified as samples. Data is analysed using structural equation modeling. Situational factors are non- significant predictors of recycling behaviour, but are significant predictors of intention to recycle. The findings have significant policy implications in ensuring the quality of life of societies.
Any Way to our Huilan Home: Building the Suhua Freeway or taking the Bali detour?
Authors: Chang Shenglin Elijah , Huang Po-Chun
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the dynamic relationships between landscape identities and economic developments in the remote Huilan of Taiwan. Since 1990, locals and environmental groups have been battling over the proposed Suhua Freeway connecting Huilan and other cities. Through qualitative methods, it examines how locals perceive the potential ecological and cultural impacts of the freeway's construction and analyzes Bali's community-based ecotourism as examples for Huilan's own economic development. It concludes that local Huilanese should consider the small-scale eco-tourism model as an option in future economic development.
Building Managers' Views on Accessibility and UD Implementation in Public Buildings: Putrajaya
Authors: Abdul Kadir Syazwani , Jamaludin Mariam , Abdul Rahim Asiah
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the interview data collection of an on-going research on accessibility of public buildings in Putrajaya. Main issues include the public awareness of PWD rights and the true concepts of Universal Design (UD). Main purposes are to investigate the building managers' level of awareness and perception regarding the accessibility of their buildings and to study their knowledge on UD theory. Semi-structured interview was carried out with building managers from three public buildings in Putrajaya. Findings show that UD knowledge needs to be enhanced among building managers in order to increase awareness on inclusive environment in public buildings.
Malay Traditional Therapy (MTT) : A complementary treatment among Malays
Authors: Othman Che Noriah , Farooqui Maryam
Published: January 2018

Research background: Malay Traditional Therapy (MTT) has gained popularity among patients diagnosed with various types of chronic diseases. Objective: This study was to determine the prevalence of use of MTT among Malays for their related diseases and the effectiveness of the treatment in reducing pain. Methodology: Questionnaires, patient's records files and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were used to obtain data and to evaluate the treatment progress.  Result: Patients visit the centre for various types of chronic diseases and treatments. VAS scores showed positive progress for majority of patients. Summary: MTT was commonly used as a complementary treatment among Malays for various types of chronic diseases to reduce pain and proven to be effective.
Serum Endocrine Profile in Relation to Estrus Synchronization in Surti Does
Authors: Chaudhary M. M. , Khasatiya C. T. , Patel S. B. , Chaudhary S. S. , Atara V. B. , Patel D. K.
Published: January 2018

The serum progesterone and estradiol profiles during synchronization of estrus by buck effect and
PGF2α treatments were monitored in Surti does. Total eighteen non-pregnant does selected were
evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Group I were teased with a sexuallyactive-
apronized buck; and those of Group II were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5
mg/doe IM twice 11 days apart, while the Group III served as untreated control. Blood samples
were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before 1st PGF2α injection), 3rd day (during treatment),
11th day (before 2nd PGF2α injection), 14th day (after treatment) and 40th day (post-service) by jugular
vein puncture. The serum separated was stored at -20°C till further analysis. In all the three groups,
83.33% does, conceived at first service in the sampling cycle. The overall mean serum progesterone
concentration of Group I does (5.82±0.72 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) as compared
to Group II (2.93±0.38 ng/ml) and III (2.88±0.30 ng/ml). Similarly, the overall mean serum
progesterone concentration of Surti does on day 0 (2.65±0.46 ng/ml), 3rd (2.56±0.80 ng/ml), 11th
(4.45±0.84 ng/ml) and 14th (3.40±0.63 ng/ml) did not differ significantly, but the overall mean level
at day 40 (6.31±0.45 ng/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher, because most of animals became
pregnant at that time. The overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Group I (24.40±2.98 pg/
ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Group II (15.77±1.77 pg/ml) and III (12.21±1.45 pg/
ml). On the other hand, the overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Surti does on day 0
(12.89±1.21 pg/ml), 3rd (15.84±1.74 pg/ml), 11th (14.81±1.96 pg/ml), 14th (22.15±2.97 pg/ml) and
40th (21.64±5.16 pg/ml) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and the slightly higher overall mean level
found at 40th day might be the influence of the non-pregnant does at first service in the cumulative
animals. The hormonal profile reflected the initiation of cyclicity and establishment of pregnancy
in treated and control animals.
Synchronization of Estrus by ‘Buck Effect’ and PGF2α Treatment in Surti Does
Authors: Chaudhary M. M. , Khasatiya C. T. , Chaudhari N. F. , Tyagi K. K. , Kharadi V. B. , Atara V. B.
Published: January 2018

This investigation was aimed to study the influence of buck and PGF2α treatment on estrus
synchronization in Surti does. Apparently healthy non-pregnant Surti does (n=18) were identified
from the flock by Ultrasonography. They were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group.
The does of Treatment T1 group were teased with a sexually-active-apronized buck; the does of
Treatment T2 group were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice, i.e. on
day 0th and 11th, while the does of Control group T3 were kept without any treatment. The behavioural
estrus was successfully synchronized by double injection of PGF2α at 11 days apart, as well as
by buck effect in T2 and T1 groups, respectively. The induction of estrus was observed cent per
cent in all the groups within one month. The mean time intervals between start of treatment and
onset of estrus differed significantly between T1 (5.83±2.20 d) and T3 (14.67±2.76 d) groups.
However, the mean duration of estrus was 29.83±0.91, 27.50±1.23 and 28.67±1.28 hrs and the
mean number of services per conception was found 1.33±0.33, 1.50±0.50 and 1.33±0.33 for T1,
T2 and T3 groups of Surti does, respectively, none differ significantly (p>0.05) between the groups.
There was no significant difference in conception rates at first service amongst the groups (83.33%).
The 17 does among 18 does (94.44 %) from all the three groups conceived within three services,
irrespective of treatment groups. It was found that the buck effect appeared to be as effective as
conventional PGF2α treatment in Surti does for synchronization of estrus
Surgical Management of Urolithiasis in Male Dogs: A Clinical Review of 10 Cases
Authors: Shah Mudasir Ahmad , Bhat Abas Rashid , Basha Mohammed Arif , Saxena Abhishek
Published: January 2018

Urolithiasis poses an acute life threatening emergency and most frequently obstructs the lower
urinary tract in male dogs (Franti et al., 1999). It has been reported that the upper urinary tract
calculi are uncommon in dogs and cats with majority of uroliths (Osborne and Fletcher, 1995). The
most probable causes include infections, nutritional deficiencies and mineral imbalances. The
mineral deposits which form in the bladder of male dogs get flushed out of the bladder with urine
and lodge in the penis just behind the os penis which is the most commonly reported site of
obstruction followed by ischial arch (Franti et al., 1999). Diagnostic imaging techniques like
radiography and ultrasonography are sensitive in diagnosis, with abdominal ultrasonography having
90% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 97% accuracy (Webb, 2000).
Treatment of urolithiasis can be attempted by retrograde urethral hydropropulsion for urethroliths
followed by cystotomy (Osborne et al., 1999), failing of which urethrotomy or urethrostomy is
indicated (Smeak, 2000). Other techniques like bladder marsupialization, surgical tube cystostomy
and minimal invasive surgical tube cystostomy with their short and long-term complications have
been attempted. However, in this study the cases were relieved by retrograde urethral hydropropulsion,
cystotomy and urethrotomy.
Association between Somatic Cell Count, Electric Conductivity and pH in Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows
Authors: Sahu Shekhar , Nanavati S. , Tomar S. S. , Yadav D. S. , Jamra M. S. , Sulya DVikas
Published: January 2018

The objective of the present study was to determine the relation between somatic cell count (SCC),
Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of milk for diagnosis of subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis
(CM). For this a total of 120 samples were collected from crossbred cows of organised and
norganised dairy farms for determination of EC, SCC and pH. On the basis of SCC, the cows were
categorized as healthy(SCC below 2×105 per ml), subclinical mastitis (SCC in the range 2×105 -
3×105 per ml)and mastitis(SCC more than 3×105 per ml).The values of milk SCC and EC were
significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in crossbred cows having subclinical and clinical mastitis. Milk pH
ranged from 6.48 to 6.62 in healthy and subclinical cases,whereas pH 7.03 was observed in clinical
mastitis cases. There was a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05) between SCC, EC and milk
pH.
Reflexões sobre a constitucionalização do sistema de poder mundial
Authors: Teubner Gunther
Published: January 2018

elementos da sociedade atual evidenciam a impossibilidade se compreender o direito que está em curso diante da crise do direito estatal se se insiste em manter o constitucionalismo sob as vestes do direito estatal. Instituições sociais públicas e privadas, corporações transnacionais, agrupamentos financeiros, ONGs têm promovido influências na prática do direito sem precedentes na história. Para lidar com a multiplicidade de constituições civis, proponho o constitucionalismo societário transnacional.
TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS: THE EMOTIONAL COMPONENTS OF STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Dei Chhabilata
Published: January 2018

The study examined the impact of perceived teacher effectiveness on the experienced emotion of primary school children. The sample comprised of 300 college student including boys and girls from different majors. The subjects were asked to remember their primary school years to respond to the questionnaires relating to their perception of an effective and an ineffective teacher and their experienced emotion in the classes of those teachers. The results showed that perceived effective teachers have significant impact on the experience of positive and constructive emotions of primary school children. On the other hand, although ineffective teachers significantly contributed to experience negative emotions, those are less influencing than the positive impact of effective teachers. Discriminant analysis pointed to 11 emotions in which effective teachers have significant discriminant power from ineffective teachers. Regression analyses pointed out that 39% of variances for perceived effectiveness of teachers are explained by 11 emotions. Likewise, 31% of the variances for perceived ineffectiveness of teachers were explained by 9 emotions. From these findings, it is derived that addressing students’ emotion in the classroom is one of the significant factors of teacher effectiveness. Primary school student responds to positive emotions more than negative emotions.
Secondary School Teacher’s Attitude towards Creative Teaching.
Authors: Katoch Suman Kumari
Published: January 2018

Attitude determines behavior. Attitude towards creative teaching may find expression in the teacher’s behavior towards students and his methods of teaching. Teachers, who have a creative attitude towards teaching, are likely to vary their methods of teaching, encourage or stimulate youngsters to venture into the unknown world. According to Beghettoand Kaufman (2009) creative learning requires the creative teaching. Creative teaching helps the learner to use imagination in its various dimensions. Creative teaching is a mindset to enter into class consciously entering into what is call creative state. In this paper survey method under the descriptive method of research was used. All the secondary school teachers of districts Shimla of Himachal Pradesh constituted the population of the study. For the present paper a sample of 94 school teachers were selected randomly. Tool prepared and standardized Shukla was employed to analyze the attitude of teachers towards creative teaching. To find out the significance of difference between the various groups ‘t’-test was applied. The results indicated that school gender-wise and type of management of school, all school teachers do not differ significantly in their attitude towards creative teaching.
Liquid funds : A comparative evaluation with Equity Mutual funds
Authors: Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: January 2018

The channelization of household savings in equity and equity related financial instruments has always been main objective of all policymakers in India over the last few decades, particularly after liberalization of Indian economy in 1991. With this objective at the background, the investment in Mutual funds has been promoted by offering various tax incentives and educating investors’ community with other benefits associated with investment in Mutual funds. Under the present scenario, investors have opportunity to invest in various kinds of Mutual funds. Even among Mutual funds, the choice with regard to return and risk appetite can be exercised. The present study aims to highlight the difference in return offered by Equity Mutual funds and Liquid funds against the benefits available to the investors in case of Liquid funds. Various statistical tests such as KS test, Levenes’ Test , t-test ,etc. have been employed using SPSS to arrive at meaningful conclusions from the available quantitative data.
Tajikistan Russia Relations in Emerging World Order
Authors: Sethi Jajneswar
Published: January 2018

The relation between Tajikistan and Russia has remained strong even after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Both countries share a common perspective on various issues, such as, threat of religious fundamentalism, national separatism and cross-border terrorism which constitute the main threat to regional security, stability and development. So far as inter ethnic relation is concerned Tajikistan’s adoption of the Language Law in 1989 has slightly affected, Tajik-Russian relations. But the Tajik Government undertook some confidence building measures which included the protection of Russian speaking people’s interests by changing the language law and by granting dual citizenship to the Russian people. In the sphere of economy, though Tajik-Russian relation were badly disturbed because of the commercial and financial arrangements in Russia after the demise of the Soviet Union, still the inter regional economic links between the two countries remain. Both sides signed inter-state inter-governmental and inter-departmental documents regulating trade and economic cooperation between Tajikistan and Russia. So far as the strategic and security factor is concerned, Tajkistan totally depends upon Russia for maintaining peace and security in the region. Tajik Russia relationship is no longer based on ideological grounds, rather it is more practical and mutually beneficial in nature.
BORDERS- SHAPING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION
Authors: Gautam Ajay  K. , Yadav Neha
Published: January 2018

In this article, an attempt has been to focuss on Rousseau and his educational philosophy. Rousseau is called the father of modern educational theory and practice. After long experiences and struggle of life, he was become a successful writer, in the age of 38 years. At Geneva ,he had simple ,happy and pure life. He was emerged as revolutionary philosopher. His philosophy was based on a reaction against the contemporary social and political set up. He was a philosopher, writer and composer whose political philosophy influenced the France revolution and the development of liberal conservative and socialist theory. He was made important contribution to music as theorist and a composer. He was written two major books,Du contract social, principles du droit politique in April, then Emile or on education in May. The books criticized religion and were banned in France and Geneva. He was born in Geneva on June 28,1712 and in 1778 died in Paris. He remained vagabond for a long time. His important writing are (1) progress of the art and sciences (2) the origin of inequality Among Men.(3) social contract (4) Emile or concerning education. During his life he were attempted so many occupations like private tutor, music tutor, composer secretary and dramatist. He was become a successful writer at the age of 38. His full name is Jean Jacques Rousseau. He was of dignity of man. He was naturalist. He said that “civilized man borns,lives and dies in a state of slavery”
STUDY HABITS OF +2 CLASS STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR HOME ENVIRONMENT
Authors: SUNAINA SUNAINA
Published: January 2018

In the present set up where the society is ever changing with new advancements in science and technology, an individual’s life is in turmoil and he is uncertain about his future. Since, students are the future of the country. So, it is essential to infuse certain traits and qualities in them. To reach this cherished goal many formal as well as informal agencies of education are working in this direction. To achieve academically high, the students have to devote much time to their studies and positive study habits can help a lot to the children in this direction. Parents and teachers can help them to develop positive study habits which will enable them to perform better. A sample of 200 senior secondary school students was randomly drawn from govt. and private schools located in Ferozepur. Insignificant difference has been found in the study habits of boys and girls students of +2 class. Partial relationship has been found between study habits and home environment of school students.
SPATIAL PATTERNS OF WORK PARTICIPATION AMONG THE MUSLIMS IN INDIA: 2011
Authors: Singh Sukhpreet
Published: January 2018

Work participation is a very crucial indicator for understanding the economic contribution of various sections and communities of the society. The work participation rate plays an important role in the eradication of poverty and unemployment. The present paper tries to explore the reasons behind the low work participation among the Muslims in India. The reason behind the low work participation among the Muslims, is the overall low status of Muslim women which also leads to low work participation among the Muslim females. Its very sorry state of affair that more than three-forth Muslim women are not participation in work which gives serious blow to the work participation of entire community.
An Australian in the Palace of the King– Emperor: James Scullin, George V and the Appointment of the First Australian-Born Governor-General
Authors: Waugh John
Published: January 2018

The nomination in 1930 of an Australian, Sir Isaac Isaacs, as Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia has become a minor landmark in the development of Australian independence. Opposed or supported at the time as a measure of the strength of Australia’s links with Britain, the appointment has become, for lawyers and historians alike, a test-case for Australian autonomy and the countervailing cultural and legal force of the imperial connection. The central collision between Australian Prime Minister James Scullin (who nominated Isaacs) and King George V (who resisted strongly) added to the constitutional interest of the appointment but contributed to the long closure to researchers of key parts of the documentary record.

For some, the story is a heroic one. This interpretation has its most vivid expression in the final volume of Manning Clark’s History of Australia. In a chapter entitled ‘An Australian in the Palace of the King–Emperor’, Clark takes Scullin’s meeting with the King in November 1930 as his theme and describes how ‘Jimmy Scullin has not grovelled to the English governing classes … Jimmy Scullin has spoken for the Australia that was coming to be.’ In more measured ways, John Robertson's biography of Scullin and Ross McMullin’s history of the Australian Labor Party both make Scullin almost a lone champion fighting British resistance to Isaacs.
‘Red Bull Gives you Wiings’: Patrolling the Boundaries of Drug Foods
Authors: Reynolds Rocque
Published: January 2018

Drug foods are part of every food culture, so Sidney Mintz has argued, and the energy drink, Red Bull, might be understood as one of our latest drug foods. Drug foods pose a challenge from a regulatory point of view for they bring into focus two of the great food debates – the impact of food regulation on food innovation and the role of food regulators in regard to public health. In so far as drug foods have traditionally formed a part of every diet, any attempt to ban or limit new or novel drug foods opens the food regulator to ‘endless charges of hypocrisy and irrationality’, ‘paternalistic’ behaviour and standing in the way of food innovation. On the other hand, if the food regulator does allow new drug foods to be manufactured and sold it is accused of failing in its duty to protect public health or of being ‘amoral’ in this regard.