bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantical and Geometrical Protein Encoding Toward Enhanced Bioactivity and Thermostability
Authors: Tan Yang , Zhou Bingxin , Zheng Lirong , Fan Guisheng , Hong Liang
Published: June 2024

Protein engineering is a pivotal aspect of synthetic biology, involving the modification of amino acids within existing protein sequences to achieve novel or enhanced functionalities and physical properties. Accurate prediction of protein variant effects requires a thorough understanding of protein sequence, structure, and function. Deep learning methods have demonstrated remarkable performance in guiding protein modification for improved functionality. However, existing approaches predominantly rely on protein sequences, which face challenges in efficiently encoding the geometric aspects of amino acids’ local environment and often fall short in capturing crucial details related to protein folding stability, internal molecular interactions, and bio-functions. Furthermore, there lacks a fundamental evaluation for developed methods in predicting protein thermostability, although it is a key physical property that is frequently investigated in practice. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel pre-training framework that integrates sequential and geometric encoders for protein primary and tertiary structures. This framework guides mutation directions toward desired traits by simulating natural selection on wild-type proteins and evaluates variant effects based on their fitness to perform specific functions. We assess the proposed approach using three benchmarks comprising over 300 deep mutational scanning assays. The prediction results showcase exceptional performance across extensive experiments when compared to other zero-shot learning methods, all while maintaining a minimal cost in terms of trainable parameters. This study not only proposes an effective framework for more accurate and comprehensive predictions to facilitate efficient protein engineering, but also enhances the
in silico
assessment system for future deep learning models to better align with empirical requirements. The PyTorch implementation are available at https://github.com/tyang816/ProtSSN.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Assessment, Intervention and Moving On (AIM3); utredningsmodellen
Authors: Borren Ingrid , Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim
Published: June 2024

Beskrivelse: Assessment, Intervention and Moving On (AIM) er et tverrfaglig, veiledende rammeverk for fagpersoner som jobber med barn og ungdom opp til 18 år med problematisk seksuell atferd (PSA) eller skadelig seksuell atferd (SSA). AIM1 ble først introdusert i 2002 av Henniker, Print og Morrison fra prosjektgruppen bak det såkalte AIM-prosjektet i Storbritannia (internasjonal rettighetshaver). AIM-rammeverket består av flere elementer som kan benyttes for å både identifisere og behandle PSA eller SSA, inkludert en AIM-sjekkliste, en AIM utredningsmodell og AIM behandlingsveileder. AIM utredningsmodellen har blitt revidert to ganger og siste versjon, AIM3, ble introdusert i 2019 og oversatt til norsk i 2020 av Ressursenheten V27, Betanien sykehus (norsk rettighetshaver) og Regionalt ressurssenter om vold, traumatisk stress og selvmordsforebygging (RVTS) Nord. Denne artikkelen fokuserer på AIM3 utredningsmodellen. AIM3 utredningsmodellen inkluderer 5 domener med 5 faktorer (ledd) per domene - totalt 25 faktorer, som indikerer grad av bekymring/risiko. Bruk av AIM3 utredningsmodellen er forbeholdt fagfolk som har deltatt på AIM3-kursene og som har gjennomført kompetansetest. Målgruppa for opplæring av utredningskomponenten i AIM3 er ansatte i spesialisthelsetjeneste, familievern, barnehus, barnevernsansatte, helsesykepleiere, kommunepsykologer, konfliktråd og friomsorg.
Litteratursøk: Litteratursøket resulterte i én inkludert norsk artikkel. Deltakerne i denne studien var 56 norske fagpersoner rekruttert på AIM3-kurs som skåret tre kasusvignetter (konstruerte kasus basert på informasjon fra tidligere ekte, anonymiserte kasus). Dokumentasjonsgrunnlaget omfatter dermed ingen psykometrisk informasjon basert på reelle populasjoner.
Psykometri: Resultatene fra skåring av kasusvignettene viste at AIM3 har moderate intraklassekorrelasjoner; 0,55 (95 % KI = 0,47, 0,63) for faktorskåren (alle 25 ledd x 3 kausvignetter x 56 fagpersoner) og ICC 0,70 (95 % KI = 0,55, 0,85) for domeneskåren (sumskår for de 5 domenene x 3 kasusvignetter x 56 fagpersoner).
Konklusjon: Litteraturgjennomgangen viser at det mangler norske og skandinaviske studier på reelle populasjoner (kun skåring av konstruerte kasusvignetter) som kan belyse AIM3s måleegenskaper når den er brukt i norsk kontekst. Det er dermed ikke mulig å trekke noen konklusjon rundt de psykometriske egenskapene til AIM3.
Novel roles of κ-opioid receptor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhang Qi , Liu Yali , Pei Jianming , Feng Na
Published: June 2024

Acute heart attack is the primary cause of cardiovascular-related death worldwide. A common treatment is reperfusion of ischemic tissue, which can cause irreversible damage to the myocardium. The number of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes is large, which generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to sustain proper cardiac contractile function, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in cell death during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, leading to an increasing number of studies investigating the impact of mitochondria on ischemia-reperfusion injury. The disarray of mitochondrial dynamics, excessive Ca2+ accumulation, activation of mitochondrial permeable transition pores, swelling of mitochondria, ultimately the death of cardiomyocyte are the consequences of ischemia-reperfusion injury. κ-opioid receptors can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, regulate mitochondrial dynamics, mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, exert protective effects on myocardium. The mechanism of κ-OR activation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury will be discussed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the protection of ischemic myocardium.
Mechanism of Brevibacillus brevis strain TR-4 against leaf disease of Photinia×fraseri Dress
Authors: Ji Chenxinyu , Li Yun-Fei , Yao Yao , Zhu Zengrui , Mao Shengfeng
Published: June 2024

Background

Colletotrichum species are among the most common pathogens in agriculture and forestry, and their control is urgently needed.

Methods

In this study, a total of 68 strains of biocontrol bacteria were isolated and identified from Photinia × fraseri rhizosphere soil.

Results

The isolates were identified as Brevibacillus brevis by 16S rRNA. The inhibitory effect of TR-4 on Colletotrichum was confirmed by an in vitro antagonistic experiment. The inhibitory effect of TR-4 was 98% at a concentration of 10 µl/ml bacterial solution, protection of the plant and inhibition of C. siamense was evident. Moreover, the secretion of cellulase and chitosan enzymes in the TR-4 fermentation liquid cultured for three days was 9.07 mol/L and 2.15 µl/mol, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that TR-4 destroyed the cell wall of C. siamense, resulting in leakage of the cell contents, thus weakening the pathogenicity of the bacteria.
The effects of exercise on FGF21 in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Chuannan , Yan Xujie , Zong Yue , He Yanan , Yang Guan , Xiao Yue , Wang Songtao
Published: June 2024

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key hormone factor that regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis. Exercise may regulate its effects and affect disease states. Therefore, we sought to determine how exercise affects FGF21 concentrations in adults.

Methods

The review was registered in the International Prospective Systematic Review (PROSPERO, CRD42023471163). The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies through July 2023. Studies that assessed the effects of exercise training on FGF21 concentration in adults were included. The random effect model, data with standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the pooled effect size of exercise training on FGF21. The risk of heterogeneity and bias were evaluated. A total of 12 studies involving 401 participants were included.

Results

The total effect size was 0.3 (95% CI [−0.3–0.89], p = 0.33) when comparing participants who exercised to those who were sedentary. However, subgroup analysis indicated that concurrent exercise and a duration ≥10 weeks significantly decreased FGF21 concentrations with an effect size of −0.38 (95% CI [−0.74–−0.01], p < 0.05) and −0.38 (95% CI [−0.63–−0.13], p < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion

Concurrent exercise and longer duration may be more efficient way to decrease FGF21 concentrations in adults with metabolic disorder.
Avaliação socioeconômica e ambiental na agricultura familiar: estudo de caso da propriedade Sítio São Benedito, Santa Luzia- PA
Authors: Cardoso Cleuma Maria Pereira , Nogueira Ana Karlla Magalhães , Melo Júnior Luiz Cláudio Moreira , Moraes Carla Kelen de Andrade
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho objetivou realizar uma avaliação socioeconômica e ambiental da propriedade São Benedito, localizada na zona rural de Santa Luzia do Pará, de modo a diagnosticar as potencialidades e fragilidades. A metodologia adotada na pesquisa foi qualitativa e quantitativa. Os resultados alcançados mostraram que a propriedade é um agroecossistema, pois o agricultor adota técnicas de plantios como a estocagem própria de sementes, a segurança alimentar é promovida pelo consumo de alimentos de alta qualidade produzidas no próprio sítio. Constatou-se, ainda, que a comercialização da produção é decidida no seio familiar no que tange a quais produtos serão vendidos, o preço de venda e como é realizado o escoamento da produção. Conclui-se, que a propriedade tem uma boa avaliação socioeconômica e ambiental, pois o agricultor mantém uma relação direta com a comunidade ao participar das reuniões da cooperativa e atuar na liderança do Movimento Camponês Popular. Além disso, atestou-se que o agricultor adota técnicas sustentáveis nas atividades do empreendimento agrícola. Como recomendação, sugere-se a adoção o uso de EPIs para garantir segurança ao executar as atividades, realizar ajustes na gestão da propriedade, principalmente quanto ao acompanhamento do fluxo de caixa, e realização de descarte adequado do lixo doméstico produzido.
Water quality and surroundings for systemic management of springs in rural areas
Authors: Jung Márcia Sostmeyer , Silva José Antonio Gonzalez da , Fachinetto Juliana Maria , Bianchi Vidica , Colet Christiane de Fátima , Rosa Juliana Aozane da , Costa Rafael Schneider , Diel Pedro
Published: June 2024

Springs enable the passage of groundwater to flow to the ground surface, forming and sustaining watercourses. Despite the importance of these ecosystems, their functionality and the availability of water in terms of quantity and quality in rural areas have been threatened. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of springs under different care and preservation scenarios in rural areas and assess the need to combine water potability analysis with biological indicators and the effects of the interaction between aquatic and terrestrial environments on the characteristics of surroundings to generate a systemic and robust representation of the impact of human actions on these threatened environments. The study was developed considering the Ijuí River Basin, in the northwestern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It involved the evaluation of springs in a native forest area protected by drainage and a preserved vegetation; in a reforested area with concrete protection and surrounding vegetation; and in a livestock area with no vegetation fragments in the surroundings and with an outcrop protected by concrete pipes. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses are essential for determining the potability of spring water. However, these are specific assessments that do not reflect historical environmental conditions. The use of bioindicators enables these analyses and, together with the determination of surroundings' characteristics, allows for evaluating the degree of preservation to ensure spring quality, providing perspectives that combine care and sustainable use.
Action research: Increasing Turkish EFL Learners’ Speaking Self-Efficacy in English Online Sessions
Authors: Arslanbay Goshnag , Büyükahıska Dilek
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the critical role of students' speaking self-efficacy, motivation and engagement during English online sessions. Additionally, the current research aims to provide a fresh perspective on addressing challenges such as low self-efficacy, speaking anxiety, and low motivation among the students, which may hinder effective communication in the target language. This study provides a valuable starting point for language educators and researchers to explore the potential benefits of incorporating interaction with non-native speakers in language learning settings. The action research design employed in this study, guided by the identified sources of self-efficacy proposed by Bandura (1994). The research was successfully carried out in a Compulsory Preparatory Group in Listening & Speaking sessions, where students' proficiency level in English was pre-intermediate (B1). The primary goal of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in compulsory prep classes is to achieve mastery of English language skills. This proficiency is crucial as it enables the students to effectively engage with the extensive number of texts they will encounter, write essays, and, most importantly, communicate orally and deliver presentations in the target language once they transition to their respective faculties. Five guest-speakers from Egypt, Korea, Australia, Iran and Ethiopia were invited to join the sessions. The research procedure incorporates focus group discussions, enabling active student participation and feedback provision on each guest speaker, thereby promoting the development of speaking self-efficacy and boosting students’ motivation. Through this approach, students were exposed to essential opportunities for real-time language performance. The participation of foreigners in these sessions had a positive impact on students' English speaking self-efficacy and their overall performance. The findings of this research support the idea that integrating foreign guest-speakers effectively address challenges such as speaking anxiety, low self-efficacy, and low motivation among students in English online sessions.
Prevalence of Hand Eczema Owing to Hand Hygiene Practices among Healthcare Workers Managing COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study Haryana, India
Authors: Dalal Ashish , Chawla Suraj , Sangwan Jyoti
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Healthcare Workers (HCWs) have borne the major brunt of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, being at the forefront. With the disease being enigmatic and no proven treatment or vaccine available during the initial stages, personal protection in general, and hand hygiene, in particular, have been the mainstays for protection against the disease, exposing HCWs to more wet work. Wet work exposure is considered a major risk factor for the occurrence of Hand Eczema (HE). Aim: To estimate the prevalence of hand dermatitis and ascertain the risk factors among HCWs exposed to wet work while caring for COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs managing COVID-19 patients in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital from July to December 2020. The diagnosis of HE was based on medical history and clinical examination. Clinical features like itching, redness, scaling, clustered papulovesicles, hyperkeratosis, or fissuring largely confined to the hands, with none or only minor involvement of other areas, were used in diagnosing HE. An association of various wet work exposures with HE among study participants was analysed. Categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 390 HCWs, of which 203 (52.1%) were females, participated in the study. The majority, i.e., 329 (84.4%) of participants, were in the age range of 21-35 years. A total of 244 (62.6%) HCWs were performing duties for 30-40 hours per week. Among all 390 HCWs studied, 102 (26.2%) were found to have features of HE. High frequency of alcoholic hand disinfectant use (>20 times daily) was significantly associated with the occurrence of HE. Similarly, the high frequency of hand washing with soap at work (>20 times) significantly increased the risk of developing HE. A prior history of atopic diathesis was found to be a significant risk factor for fresh episodes of HE. Conclusion: The present study concludes that intensive hand hygiene during the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic leads to the occurrence of HE among HCWs.
Alignment of Maxillary and Mandibular Midlines in Dentate Individuals: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Maiti Swagata , Mittal Sanjeev , Kalra Sandeep , Kashyap Swati , Sharma Preetica , Rani Varsha
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The dental midline is a vital element in smile design. The maxillary and mandibular central incisors midline should ideally be positioned coinciding with each other, Incorrect placement of midlines would lead to instability in dental composition. The dental literature fails to disclose the data as to how nature positions the midline of anterior teeth. Aim: To evaluate the relation between the midlines of maxillary and mandibular dental arches in the dentate population using standardised digital photographs. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India between June 2021 to December 2022. A total of 155 dentate subjects (102 females and 53 males) of this demographic area, all within the age group 18-45 years of age were selected for present study. Full-face standardised photographs of the subject’s frontal profile of occluding teeth in a retracted mouth were captured with a Digital Camera (Nikon D3200 DSLR). The collected samples of intraoral images were analysed in image analysing software (Digimiser version 6.0). Lines were constructed in the software to record the maxillary midline and mandibular midline to assess the coincidence or deviation between them. Direct measurements were also obtained within these constructed lines to record the distance of deviation. Direction (right/left) and distance of deviation were recorded. The collected data were subjected to appropriate statistical testing. The statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test, t-test, etc., and performed in the statistical software International Bussiness Machine (IBM) Statisical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 25 (Armonk, USA). Results: The mandibular midline did not coincide with the maxillary midline in 134 (86%) of the tested population and within both genders and showed a significant (p-value-0.00) deviation of 1.88 mm after application of the t-test. Although 78 (50%) deviations were towards the left-side and 56 (36%) toward the right-side of the maxillary midline within both genders, the results were statistically insignificant with the Chi-square test. Conclusion: Mandibular and maxillary dental midline fails to coincide in more than four-fifths of the subjects.
Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude of Parents towards their Children with Autism at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohammed Khalid Alawad A , Alamr Fahad Ali , Abdelwahab Ahmed Elabwabi , Ahmed Huda Ibrahim , Sorketti Ehab Ali , Algarni Mohi Abdullah , Dhawi Badr Saad , Suliman Saeed Ali Al , Alghamdi Khaled Salem , Alghamdi Hanan Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a lack of social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviours. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) classified symptoms of autism into two domains: the social communication and interaction domain. However, studies on autism in Saudi Arabia are still insufficient. Therefore, awareness and knowledge about autism can facilitate early detection and treatment, resulting in better outcomes. Aim: To evaluate parents’ knowledge, awareness, and attitude towards their autistic children in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Baljurashi Mental Health Hospital, ALBaha region, Saudi Arabia, from January 2023 to November 2023. A total of 69 parents with autistic children who attended the outpatient clinic at Baljurashi Mental Health Hospital were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered among parents to assess their knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding autism. Data was statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Results: The age of the parents ranged from 16 to over 50 years, with 47 (68.1%) being males and 22 (31.9%) being females. Almost 29 (42.0%) of the parents were postgraduates, and 21 (30.4%) had a university-level education. About 24 (34.8%) of the participants believed that consanguineous marriage increases the risk of autism, 19 (27.5%) believed that some vaccines increase the risk of autism, and 39 (56.5%) knew that autism is associated with learning disabilities. Three-quarters of the participants, 54 (78.3%), stated that autism was known to them, 50 (72.5%) thought that an autistic child could be affected by a normal child, and 53 (76.8%) had good knowledge about autism. Conclusion: The study showed that the majority of parents had good knowledge about autism disorder. The findings reflect the positive impact of focused training initiatives and public awareness efforts aimed at improving parents’ knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward autism.
Az élelmiszer-termelés gazdálkodó szervezeteinek pénzügyi helyzete, 2020
Authors: Rózsa Andrea , Vörös-Illés Ivett
Published: June 2024

A kettős könyvvitelt végző társas vállalkozások számának csökkenése ellenére az üzemek adózás előtti eredménye mind a mezőgazdaságban mind az élelmiszeriparban markánsan nőtt 2020-ban. Előbbi 27,6 milliárd forinttal 181,8 milliárd forintra, utóbbi 30,2 milliárd forinttal 195,8 milliárd forintra emelkedett. A jövedelem növekedését mindkét ágazatban elsősorban az árak emelkedése mozgatta. A növekvő eredménynek köszönhetően az ágazatok jövedelmezőségi és likviditási mutatói egyaránt javultak, ugyanakkor az eladósodottságuk tovább nőtt. A hosszú lejáratú kötelezettségállomány felhalmozása mindkét szektorban jellemző volt. Azon belül is kiemelkedőnek bizonyult a pénzügyi intézménytől kapott hosszú lejáratú hitelek állománygyarapodása mindkét ágazatban, amiben nagy szerepet játszottak a Covid–19-világjárvány hatásainak enyhítését célzó finanszírozási intézkedések.
A fontosabb termékpályák piaci folyamatai, 2021
Authors: Ecsediné Wanek Zsuzsanna , Isépy Anett , Mándi-Nagy Dániel , Németh Klaudia , Pásztor Zsuzsanna , Sárik Ferenc
Published: June 2024

A kiadvány a fontosabb hazai termékpályák 2021. évi piaci folyamatait mutatja be elsősorban az ártrendeken keresztül, de – a 2021. évi előzetes mennyiségi információk alapján – a keresleti és a kínálati oldalon bekövetkező alapvető változásokra is kitér. Emellett rövid kitekintést nyújt a következő évben várható tendenciákra is.
Enhancing Soil Health and Fertility Management for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Mamatha Bommireddy , Mudigiri Chandana , Ramesh Guguloth , Saidulu Pakala , Meenakshi Nayaki , Prasanna Chuncha Laxmi
Published: June 2024

In modern agriculture, ensuring soil health and effective fertility management are paramount for sustainable crop production and environmental stewardship. This review article comprehensively explores a spectrum of strategies aimed at enhancing soil health and fertility management within the context of sustainable agriculture. Beginning with an overview of the pivotal role soil health plays in agricultural systems, the review meticulously examines the significance of adopting sound soil fertility management practices to sustain soil productivity while mitigating adverse environmental impacts. Traditional and innovative approaches to soil management are thoroughly discussed, encompassing a range of practices such as organic amendments, cover cropping, crop rotation, reduced tillage, and integrated nutrient management. These practices, deeply rooted in agricultural traditions, are shown to enhance soil structure, foster nutrient cycling, and promote beneficial soil microbial communities, thereby contributing to long-term soil health and productivity. Furthermore, the review elucidates emerging technologies and methodologies that hold promise for revolutionizing soil health and fertility management in sustainable farming systems. Precision agriculture techniques leveraging GPS, remote sensing, and data analytics are highlighted for their potential to optimize resource use and improve crop management practices. Biochar application, a burgeoning area of research, is explored for its ability to enhance soil fertility, sequester carbon, and improve soil water retention. Additionally, manipulation of the soil microbiome through innovative techniques presents exciting opportunities for enhancing soil health and resilience, the review underscores the importance of continued research, education, and policy support in promoting sustainable soil management practices. Recommendations for future research directions are provided, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaborations, long-term field studies, and farmer participatory research. Practical implications for farmers and policymakers are also delineated, emphasizing the imperative of adopting holistic approaches to soil management that integrate traditional wisdom with cutting-edge technologies. By embracing sustainable soil management practices, farmers and policymakers can safeguard soil health, enhance agricultural productivity, and ensure the long-term sustainability of our food systems and environment.
Effect of Varieties and Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop under Irrigated Condition (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Prasad K Laxmi , Wadatkar Harshal , Jadhav Dhanshree , Reddy Harinath
Published: June 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third most crucial staple food globally, providing essential nutrients and being widely utilized in various applications. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2022–2023 at Lovely Professional University's Agriculture Research Farm in Jalandhar, Punjab, to investigate the impact of different wheat varieties and nutrient treatments on growth and grain yield. The study utilized a factorial randomized block design with three replications and eight treatment combinations involving two wheat varieties: V1 (Unnat PBW 550) V2 (WH 1105) and four nutritional levels: N1 (control), N2 (100% RDF Recommended dose of fertilizer), N3 & 15% VC (Vermicompost), and N4 (70% RDF & 30% VC). The results showed that the N3 treatment significantly enhanced growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, tiller count, and dry matter accumulation. V2 (WH 1105) exhibited superior growth, with greater plant height (93.6 cm), leaf count (24.1 leaves/plant), and dry matter accumulation (54.57 g at 90 DAS).Yield attributes such as the number of effective tillers per plant, grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight were highest in the N3 treatment, with V2 (WH 1105) against outperforming V1 (Unnat PBW 550). Specifically, N3 treatment resulted in the highest number of effective tillers (6.0), grains per spike (58.16), and 1000-grain weight (39.40 g). Grain yield was maximized with the N3 treatment (57.15 q/ha), with V2 (WH 1105) producing a significantly higher grain yield (50.5 q/ha) compared to V1 (Unnat PBW 550). Additionally, the N3 treatment led to the highest straw yield (78.96 q/ha) and biological yield (136.11 q/ha). The harvest index was highest with the N2 treatment (42.35%), while V2 (WH 1105) showed a higher harvest index (41.97%) than V1 (Unnat PBW 550). These findings underscore the importance of nutrient management and variety selection in optimizing wheat growth and yield.
Stability Analysis in Six-row Barley Genotypes for Grain Yield in Multi-environmental Trails Using Eberhart and Russel (1966)
Authors: Kulheri Anil , Rajput S.S. , Punia S. S. , Jakhar Kiran
Published: June 2024

The current study aimed to determine the phenotypic stability for grain yield per plant under three distinct environmental conditions using fifteen parental lines and three testers with 45 crosses (30 single crosses and 15 three-way crosses) of six-row barley in three replications using Randomized Block Design. Eberhart and Russell (1966) developed the modal to examine stability. The mean sum of squares due to genotype and environment wassquares due to genotype and environment were found to be significant for grain yield per plant, which showed the differential effect of environment on genotypes. For grain yield per plant, it was also observed that the mean sum square resulting from the climate + (G x E) interaction, E (linear), and G x E (linear) was significant. With a non-significant deviation from regression (S2di=0) and regression coefficient near unity (bi=1), the genotypes BG 959, BG 105 x RD 2508, PL 751 x RD 2508, DWRB 137 x RD 3005, and RD 2035 x F1 exhibited higher grain yield than the population mean. These genotypes were the most stable and desirable under variable environmental conditions. These genotypes could be used as donors in regular breeding programs to improve barley grain yield.
Identification of Growing Media Favorable for the Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, a Telluric Pathogen of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Golo Soro Kouo-N’ , Seydou Tuo , Clovis Koffi N’Dodo Boni , Patrice Kouame Assiri Elloh , Hortense Diallo Atta
Published: June 2024

Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) is an economically important plant in Côte d'Ivoire. However, its cultivation is subject to numerous biotic constraints, including root and crown rot, caused by several species of Pythium, Phytophthora, and Rhizoctonia. Of all these fungi, Pythium aphanidermatum is the most dreaded in Ivorian plantations, causing root, crown, trunk, and fruit rot. This causes enormous production losses, reducing farmers’ incomes. The present study was initiated with a view to finding a suitable culture medium for the development of P. aphanidermatum, which is responsible for root and crown rot of papaya trees, through the study of its morphology and biology. To this end, the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum was evaluated on different culture media (PDA, V8, CMA and Papaya). The results showed that all these culture media were favorable for the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum. However, in terms of propagule production, PDA and V8 culture media were the most favorable. The CMA medium produced fewer propagules than the PDA and V8 media. Papaya culture medium inhibited oospore production. Sporocysts and chlamydospores were observed in all media. The culture medium did not influence the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum but rather oospore production.
Seeding and Blended NPSB with Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined Rates Effect on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South Ari, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ocha Mitiku Diza , Adare Zenebe Mekonnen
Published: June 2024

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in South Ari, Ethiopia. However, the productivity is below the national and regional level due to in adequate seeding rates and soil nutrition. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine rate of seeding and blended NPSB fertilizer and nitrogen on growth, yield and yield components of wheat during 2021-2022 cropping seasons. The experiment consisted of three Seeding rates (50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1), four rates of blended NPSB (0,100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) combined with two rates of Nitrogen (50 and 100 kgha-1) fertilizer and laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results showed that phenology; growth, yield and yield components of wheat significantly affected by seeding rate and blended NPSB with N fertilizer combined rates. Increasing seeding rate and blended NPSB with nitrogen fertilizer combined rate resulted increase in crop phenology, growth, yield and yield components except harvest index where maximum was recorded at 100 kg ha-1 seeding rate and zero blended with 23 kg ha-1 nitrogen combined rate. Therefore, it is concluded that application 100 kg ha-1 seeding rate and no blended NPSB combined with 23 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and or 150 kg ha-1 seeding rate and 200 kg ha-1 blended NPSB with 23 kg ha-1 combined rate found to be significant to impact wheat growth and yield at South Ari. However, further study requested in different seasons and locations under extended rates to exploit the recommendation of present study.
Perception and Problems of Kitchen Gardening in Jamnagar District of Gujarat, India
Authors: Aambaliya Paresh , Dudhagara Chetan R. , Mahera Ashish B.
Published: June 2024

India has experienced a green revolution in cereal production, providing food security but also necessitating a shift in nutrient supplemental crop production. Kitchen garden production is a simple way to ensure access to a healthy diet with adequate macro- and micronutrients, leading to direct income through surplus production and indirect income through savings and better trade. The study on Perception and Problems of Kitchen Gardening explored the socio-economic profiles, perceptions, and problems faced by kitchen gardeners in the Jamnagar region. Surveying 210 respondents, the study utilized semi-structured schedules and analysed the data using tabular, percentage, Garrett ranking, and weighted average mean methods. Study found that 40.48% of respondents came from families with over five members, while most had families of three to five members. Researchers surveyed respondents from various income groups. Over half of the respondents (51.90%) were engaged in agriculture and dairy farming. Kitchen garden sizes generally ranged from 51-100 sq.  ft. to over 150 sq. ft., with traditional backyard gardens being the most prevalent. All participants were active in kitchen gardening, motivated by self-sufficiency, healthier eating, and sustainable living. Popular vegetables growing in kitchen gardening included cluster bean, tomatoes, brinjals, and okra in the study area. Despite recognizing the benefits, respondents also reported few problems which were impeding their practice in kitchen gardening. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving productivity and promoting sustainable food production practices.
Design and Analysis of a Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications
Authors: Ramineni Padmasree
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the design, simulation, and analysis of a dual-band Microstrip patch antenna designed to operate efficiently at frequency ranges of 3.32 GHz - 3.62 GHz and 4.72 GHz - 6.83 GHz, utilizing Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The primary objective is to enhance performance metrics such as bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency to meet the requirements of applications necessitating concurrent operation at both frequency bands. The study involves a comprehensive design, iterative simulation, and detailed analysis using Ansys HFSS, with customized design considerations aimed at optimizing performance for modern wireless communication systems. The research was conducted in a simulated environment over a period that included iterative design processes, multiple simulation runs, and thorough analysis phases. Methodologically, the study focused on iterative design refinement to improve key performance parameters such as reflection coefficient, gain, radiation efficiency, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and relative permittivity at the specified frequency bands. Results indicate that at 3.32 GHz - 3.62 GHz, the antenna achieves a reflection coefficient of -5 dB, a gain of 2.77 dB, a radiation efficiency of 0.7429, and a VSWR of 1.9299. At the higher frequency range of 4.72 GHz - 6.83 GHz, the antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of -20.5213 dB, a gain of 3.34 dB, a radiation efficiency of 0.7, and a VSWR of 1.2203. These findings underscore the antenna's capability to deliver improved performance metrics across both frequency bands. In conclusion, the dual-band Microstrip patch antenna designed and analyzed through Ansys HFSS demonstrates significant potential for use in contemporary wireless communication systems, offering enhanced bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency suitable for multi-frequency applications.
Evaluation of Knowledge Level of Farmers on Package of Practices for Composite Fish Culture in Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Safi Vivekanand , Tayo Tilling , Mahanta Prasanta , Longjam Neeta , Taku Tadung , Tayung Tasso
Published: June 2024

An investigation on impact of training and demonstration programme on composite fish culture (CFC), for farmers of Papum Pare district Arunachal Pradesh, were undertaken to ascertain technical knowhow on standard package of practices for successful CFC with six parameters viz, 1. Fish species selection, 2. Fish species ratio combination, 3. Fish seed stocking stages (fry and fingerling) 4. Fry/fingerling treatment (NaCl), 5. Fish stocking density, 6. Pre and post-stocking management. Six villages were selected namely: Mani, Midpu, Chiputa, Balapu, Emchi and Upper Jumi.; 30 fish farmers from each village comprising 180 farmers were part of investigation. As per the baseline survey in the beginning on average 80% of farmers had a low level of knowledge about fish species selection followed by 12% medium and 8 % high. 82% had a low level of knowledge about, fish species ratio combination, 10% medium and only 8% had high knowledge on CFC. 81% had a low level of knowledge on fish seed stocking stages (fry and fingerling) followed by 10% and 9% respectively for medium and high. 91% had a low level of knowledge on fry/fingerling treatment (NaCl), followed by 6% medium and 3% high. 78% had low knowledge on fish stocking density followed by 13% and 9% for medium and high. 86% had low knowledge on pre- and post stocking management followed by 8% and 6% for medium and high respectively. After imparting training and Front line demonstration (FLD) programme at farmers door step on successive year, knowledge on fish species selection for low medium and high was 9%, 11% and 80 % respectively. 20%, 41% and 39% for low, medium and high on fish species ratio combination, 9%, 13% and 78% on fish seed stocking stages. 16%, 36% and 48% for low, medium and high knowledge on fry/fingerling treatment (NaCl), 11%, 19% and 70 % for low, medium and high knowledge on fish stocking density and 15%, 21% and 64% for low, medium and high knowledge on Pre and post-stocking management. Average fish production increase from 0.78 tone/ha/yr to 1.54 tone/ha/yr (97.4% increase) after imparting training and demonstration, which implies training and demonstration on CFC has significant impact on increase fish production per hectare of pond, through the power of knowledge gained by farmers on technical knowhow on CFC.
Commentaries on ‘Psychological and educational interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents’
Authors: Beardslee William R. , Korczak Daphne J.
Published: September 2012

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Merry SN, Hetrick SE, Cox GR, Brudevold‐Iversen T, Bir JJ, McDowell H. Psychological and educational interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD003380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub3.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Tissue‐Specific Lipoprotein Lipase: Relationships to Body Composition and Body Fat Distribution in Normal Weight Humans
Authors: Yost Trudy J. , Jensen Dalan R. , Eckel Robert H.
Published: September 2012

Twenty‐six normal weight subjects (22 female, 4 male) were studied to determine the relationships of fasting levels of lipoprotein lipase in gluteal adipose tissue (ATLPL) and skeletal muscle (SMLPL) to body composition and body fat distribution. No relationship was found between fasting gluteal ATLPL and percent (%) body fat There was, however, an inverse relationship between fasting SMLPL (from the vastus lateralis) and %body fat (p=0.005). A strong inverse correlation was also seen between fasting ATLPL and waist/hip ratio (p=0.0006), a measurement of body fat distribution. These relationships existed with or without the male subjects included. The tissue‐specific relationships of lipoprotein lipase to body composition and body fat distribution could relate to the development of obesity or the maintenance of normal body weight by the effects of the lipase on the partitioning of lipoprotein triglyceride fatty acids.
Body Mass and Risk of Hip Fracture Among a National Cohort of Postmenopausal White Women: A Reanalysis
Authors: DiPietro Loretta , Welch Gavin A. , Davis Dorothy R. , Drane J. Wanzer , Macera Caroline A.
Published: September 2012

To assess the prospective relationship between body mass and rate of hip fracture, we analyzed data from 2,285 postmenopausal women, aged 50–77 years, who responded to the fwst National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) in 1971–1974 and the 1982‐84 interview of the National Health Epidemiologic Follow‐up Study (NHEFS). We plan to add to the previous analysis of these same data by Farmer et al. by 1) including retrospective information on estrogen replacement therapy; 2) increasing the follow‐up time by 5 years and using only hospital‐verified cases of hip fracture from the 1987 Health Care Facilities Stay data tape; and 3) limiting the analysis to postmenopausal white women, ages 50–77 years. Results of the multivariable Cox regression modeling showed that women with a baseline body mass index in the highest quartile (> 37 kg/m1.5) experienced a 70% lower rate of hip fracture compared with women in the lowest quartile (≤ 28.7 kg/m1.5)(RR=0.32; 95%CI:0.12, 0.82). Age was positively related to the risk of hip fracture, with the rate over 20% higher per year of age (RR=1.21; 95%CI:1.13, 1.29). Although reported education level, smoking history, physical activity level, and estrogen replacement were significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with body mass index, these covariates were not related to hip fracture in the multivariable analysis. Our findings corroborate earlier results using this same data source, and suggest that interventions aimed at preserving lean mass and comequent bone integrity should be encouraged among women before menopause and maintained through older adulthood.
Metabolism of Different Adipose Tissues in Vivo in the Rat
Authors: Li Min , Yang Shumin , Bjömtorp Per
Published: September 2012

To explore regional differences in triglyceride retention in white adipose tissues of growing male rats, the mass of adipocytes from epididymal, retroperitoneal, inguinal, and mesenteric tissues were followed with time. In order to attempt to explain regional differences, adipose tissue metabolism was studied in vivo and in vitro. (U‐14 C) oleic acid in sesame oil was given by gastric gavage to conscious male and female rats, and accumulation and half‐life of radioactivity measured. Lipoprotein lipase activity and lipolysis were studied in vitro.

Adipocyte triglyceride mass increased linearly in all the depots during 4 months of observation. The increase in mass was more pronounced in retroperitoneal (0.31 μg) and epididymal (0.30 μg) than in mesenteric (0.11 μg) or inguinal (0.05 μg) adipocytes.

In the fed state label from (U‐14C) oleic acid first increased with time in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. In the liver radioactivity peaked at 4 hours, and was not measurable in either liver or muscle after a time point between 24 hours to 1 week. In contrast label continued to increase in adipose tissues up to about 16 hours to 24 hours, suggesting transfer of label by recirculation from liver and muscle to adipose tissues. Thereafter the radioactivity decreased.

When expressed per adipocyte uptake of label was not significantly different between white adipose tissues. The rate of decrease between 7 days and 4 months was, however, more rapid in mesenteric and inguinal than, particularly, epididymal, and, probably, retroperitoneal adipocytes. These results were partly parallel to in vitro data on lipoprotein lipase activity, which was not different between depots, and the rate of lipolysis, which was higher in mesenteric than other adipocytes. These results suggest that differences in weight increase of adipose tissue regions are due mainly to differences in the rate of mobilization of adipocyte triglycerides.

When expressed per gram triglyceride, uptake and mobilization of label were clearly more rapid in mesenteric than other white adipose tissues. This is probably explained by a combination of a higher adipocyte density plus the metabolic characteristics of adipocytes in this depot. Since mesenteric adipose tissue is smaller than the other depots studied, the absolute contribution of this tissue to the energy supply of the body is probably not different from that of other adipose tissues, however.

A large uptake and short half life was observed in interscapular adipose tissue. This region contains brown adipocytes, and the results therefore suggest that lipid uptake for thermogenic purposes is of a considerable magnitude.

It was concluded that among white adipose tissues, the mesenteric tissue has a rapid turnover of triglyceride. This is probably due to a combination of a high density and specific metabolic characteristics of these adipocytes. Factors in the microenvironment of adipocytes probably contribute to the high turnover either directly, or by modification of cellular characteristics.
Altered Brown Adipose Tissue and Na,K Pump Activities During Diet‐Induced Obesity and Weight Loss in Rats
Authors: Harper Mary‐Ellen , Patrick John , Himms‐Hagen Jean
Published: September 2012

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an uncoupled ATPase‐independent thermogenic mechanism. Ion transport by the Na,K pump is an ATPase‐ dependent thermogenic mechanism. Both have been proposed as mechanisms of altered energy expenditure during states of dietary energy surfeit and deficit. Our aim was to study these mechanisms during diet‐induced obesity and weight loss. Over 36 weeks rats were fed lard‐ or tallow‐based diets (63% energy as fat), or a control diet (12% energy as fat). During periods of restriction rats were fed 50% of the energy intake of controls in the form of a control diet. Several components of thermogenic response increased in rats eating high fat diets and decreased following dietary restriction. BAT activation occurred, particularly with a lard‐based diet, as indicated by increased GDP binding and uncoupling protein (UCP) content. Na,K pump activity in thymocytes increased with the feeding of both high fat diets at some time points. Plasma T3 level increased in rats eating the lard‐based diet and decreased with dietary restriction regardless of previous diet. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of the animals was unchanged despite increases in these thermogenic components and was decreased in all groups following dietary restriction. Our results indicate a lack of any major role for activated BAT thermogenesis in mitigating the extent of the obesity induced by the high fat diets. The reasons for the differences in response to the two different sources of saturated fat, lard, and tallow, are not clear.