bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Kinematic characteristics of different level jumpers squatting and jumping under different ground
Authors: Hewehn Hua
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the kinematic differences of different level jumping athletes in the process of squatting on different ground, and to reveal the photomechanical mechanism of the effect of squatting on the different ground on training effect.Methods: The subjects were 11 first-class and above jumping athletes (excellent group) and 11 second-class athletes (ordinary group). The kinematic data were photographed by SONYDCRHC52E high-speed camera with a sampling frequency of 50 frames per second, and the data were analyzed by SIMI-Motion three-dimensional motion analysis system. Subjects squatted and jumped on four kinds of ground (force platform, balance pad, gymnastics pad, and sand) with their hands on their hips.Results: In the intra-group analysis, it was found that the athletes of different levels squatted and jumped on four different kinds of ground, but there was no significant difference only on the balance pad and gymnastics mat (excellent group p=0.344, ordinary group p=1). In the inter-group analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between different levels of athletes in balance pad (p=0.043) and sand (p=0.02). In the buffering stage of the squatting jump, there was no significant difference in the buffering angle displacement of lower limb joints of different athletes on different ground. In the stage of pedal and extension, the angular displacement of the ankle on the middle platform of the excellent group was significantly different from that of the balance pad (p=0.014), gymnastics pad (p=0.017), and sand (p=0.013), but in the ordinary group, the ankle angular displacement of the middle platform was only significantly different from that of the gymnastics pad (p= 0.048) and sand (p=0.017), but not significantly different from that of the balance pad (p=0.166). The maximum angular velocity of the hip joint of athletes of different levels was significantly different among different ground groups. The maximum angular velocity of the ankle joint of the common group was significantly different in force platform and sand (p=0.032), gymnastics ma,t and sand (p=0.008), but there was no significant difference in balance pad.Conclusion: Different places have a great influence on the ordinary group, and on the ground with lower elastic coefficient, the maximum angular velocity of the ankle joint in the ordinary group is much smaller than that in the excellent group, which indicates that the rapid contractile ability of ankle muscles in the ordinary group is poor on the ground with low elastic coefficient. When squatting and jumping on the ground with a lower elastic coefficient, the excellent group has better body control and coordination and lower joint energy loss, which makes the jumping effect better, while the ordinary group squats and jumps on the ground with a low elastic coefficient and unstable ground. The jumping effect is poor.
Molecular Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 Structural Changes Associated with Variant Mutations
Authors: Rezaei Shokouh , Sefidbakht Yahya , Pereira Filipe
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) is a virulence factor that inhibits the translation of host mRNAs and interact with viral RNA. Despite the relevance of Nsp1, few studies have been conducted to understand the effect of mutations on Nsp1 structure and function. Here, we provide a molecular dynamics simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1, wild type and variants. We found that SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 has a more Rg value than SARS-CoV-1 Nsp1, with indicate an effect on the folding protein. This result suggest that SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 can more easily approach the active site of the ribosome compared to SARS-CoV-1 Nsp1. In addition, we found that the C-terminal of the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1, in particular residues 164 to 170, are more flexible than other regions of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 and SARS-CoV-1 Nsp1, confirming the role of this region in the interaction with the 40S subunit. Moreover, multiple deletion mutations have been found in the N/C-terminal of the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1, which seems the effect of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 multiple deletions is greater than that of substitutions. Among all deletions, D156-158 and D80-90 may destabilize the protein structure and possibly increase the virulence of the SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our findings reinforce the importance of studying Nsp1 conformational changes in new variants and its effect on virulence of SARS-CoV-2.
Removal of Lead From Aqueous Solutions Using Three Biosorbents of Aquatic Origin: Evaluating the Relative Roles of Factors Affecting the Biosorption Process
Authors: Rezaei Maryam , Pourang Nima , Moradi Ali Mashinchian
Published: August 2021

The biosorptive potentials of three aquatics-based biosorbents, including shells of a bivalve mollusk and scales of two fish species for Pb removal from aqueous solutions were evaluated, for the first time. A Box–Behnken design with the response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of the seven important variables (contact time, temperature, initial concentration, dosage, size, salinity and pH) on the sorption capacity of the sorbents. Among the seven studied factors, the effects of biosorbent dosage, initial concentration and pH were significant for all the response variables, while biosorbent size was not significant for any of the responses. The initial concentration was the most influential factor. The presence of Pb ions on the surfaces of the biosorbents after the adsorption was clearly confirmed by the SEM-EDX and XRF analyses. The maximum sorption capacities of the biosorbents were comparable to the literature and the descending order was as follows: scales of Rutilus kutum and Oncorhynchus mykiss and the shells of Cerastoderma glaucum. The isotherm studies revealed Langmuir model applicability for the Pb adsorption by R. kutum scales and C. glaucum shells, while Freundlich model was fitted to the adsorption by O. mykiss scales.
Does Neighborhood Status Affect Access to a Healthy Built Environment?
Authors: Goheer Amina , Pomeroy-Stevens Amanda , Mishra Neeraj , Krishnan Anand , Armarchand Ritvik , Bachani Damodar
Published: August 2021

Background: When looking to better understand the links between income and health, urban settings add an additional dimension of structural inequity. Without proactive urban planning, some neighborhoods are deprived of essential services, while other neighborhoods enjoy easier access to services and providers. The case of Indore, India was used to explore differentials in available services, infrastructure, and access to goods and services relating to non-communicable disease risk when the data was disaggregated by neighborhood type (slum vs non-slum). Methods: The environmental data for this paper came from a city-wide multi-level survey conducted in 2018, which included a neighborhood environmental assessment tool adapted from pre-validated questionnaires. Wards were randomly selected using a probability proportional to size (PPS) method after stratification by presence of slums. Within each ward, three colonies were then selected by PPS. The environmental data were collected from the same 30 wards and 93% (84/90) of the same colonies as the individual data. Results: The analysis highlighted some expected inequalities by neighborhood status, such as neighborhoods with no parks (62% slum vs 31% in non-slum). In neighborhoods where parks were present, there appeared to be issues with safety within the parks. Regarding walkability, slum neighborhoods generally had a higher prevalence of broken glass, liquor bottles, and stray dogs on footpaths. Non-slum neighborhoods had, on average, more vegetable stores, while slum neighborhoods had more snack and tobacco stores. The ratio of pro-tobacco versus anti-tobacco ads was twice as bad in slums than in non-slums. Conclusion: Better understanding of the access and availability of green spaces, transportation, and food markets between neighborhoods will help local officials, developers, and citizens as they formulate more equitable ways to distribute resources to build healthier environments for all citizens.
The Influence of Inherent Soil Factors And Agricultural Management On Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Richardson Gregory S. , Ruark Matthew D. , Radatz Timothy , Radatz Amber , Cooley Eric , Silva Erin M. , Augarten Abigail J , Zhu Jun , Zegler Chelsea H.
Published: August 2021

The accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) is vital to the agronomic and environmental functioning of agroecosystems, yet the relative influence of inherent soil properties and agricultural management practices on SOM dynamics are not often addressed in individual studies. Using a network of 218 operating farm fields across Wisconsin and southern Minnesota, USA, this research employs single variable analysis (ANOVA and regression) and regression tree analysis to assess the effects of soil properties (texture, drainage class, pH) and management variables related to crop rotation, tillage, cover cropping, and manure application on SOM, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the upper 15 cm. Single variable analysis revealed that greater SOM, TOC, and TN were associated with poorly drained soil, tile drained fields, high-clay content soil, and high biomass crop rotations. Soil organic matter (SOM) and TOC were strongly related (R2=0.71), but different regression trees were produced; SOM was most influenced by clay content, while TOC was most influenced by drainage class. Future benchmarking of SOM should be conducted with drainage and texture class categories. The rapid building of data sets thorough unstructured sampling, including an abundance of meta-data, should be a research priority in agricultural science.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Phoenix Dactylifera and Their Impact on Biomass and Bioactive Compounds in Juniperus Procera in Vitro
Authors: Salih Abdalrhaman , Qurainy Fahad Al , Khan Salim , Tarroum Mohamed , Nadeem Mohammad , Shaikhaldein Hassan , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman , Alfarraj Norah
Published: August 2021

Biosynthesized nanoparticles have played vital role recently, as suggested to be alternative to physical and chemical methods. In this study, biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were carried out using leaf extracts of Phoenix dactylifera and Zinc nitrate. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on biomass and biochemical parameters was investigated. Biosynthesized ZnO nanostructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Which resulted in spherical shape with size ranging between 16 to 35 nm of Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles and UV absorption beak at 370.5 nm with clear peaks of functional groups. The impact of different concentrations (0.0 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L) of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles on biomass and bioactive compounds production of Juniperus Procera in vitro was investigated. The results showed that, biosynthesized ZnO NPs (80 mg /L and 160 mg/L) concentrations were boosted the growth of J. Procera with significantly compared to non-treated plants in vitro. The highest concentration (160mg/L) of ZnO NPs was enhanced the growth of plant at beginning period, one month later shoots became yellow and callus turned to be brownish. Moreover, the influence of ZnO NPs on phytochemical compounds in callus of Juniperus procera was examined using GC-MS analysis. The differences among treatments were recoded. Overall, zinc oxide nanoparticles substantially improved the growth of shoots and callus with increasing of biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a, total phenolic and flavonoids contents, besides the total protein and, SOD, CAT and APX activity. ZnO NPs might be induced some phytochemical compounds as well as inhibit.
New Predictive Models for Falls in Acute Care Setting Classified Using An Activities of Daily Living Scale in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saito Chihiro , Nakatani Eiji , Sato Yoko , Katuki Naoko , Tago Masaki , Okushio Kazuyo , Unno Satomi , Yumioka Motoe , Harada Kiyoshi
Published: August 2021

Background

In several current fall prediction models, the reported predictors vary from one model to another. We developed and validated a new fall prediction model for patients admitted to an acute care hospital by identifying predictors of falls considering a combination of background factors and one crucial stratum.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to Shizuoka General Hospital from April 2019 to September 2020, aged 20 years or older. We developed and validated a new fall prediction model by identifying predictors of falls stratified by essential activities of daily living (ADL) indicators and integrating these models.
Results

A total of 22,988 individuals were included in the analysis, with 653 (2.8 %) experiencing all falls and 400 (1.7 %) experiencing falls with medical resources during the study period. Multivariate analysis was performed after one stratification level, using bedridden rank (ability to move around in daily life) as a stratifying variable, a clinically important variable and highly correlated with 17 other variables. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for falls (high risk) were age (high), sex (men), and ambulance transport (yes) for rank J (independence/autonomy); age (high),) and sex (men) for rank A (house-bound); There were no predictors for rank B (chair-bound); and there was ophthalmologic disease (no) for rank C (bed-bound). The c-index indicating the prediction model’s performance for falls within 28 days of hospitalisation was 0.705 (95 % CI, 0.664–0.746). Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics were significant (χ2 = 192.06; 8 degrees of freedom; p < 0.001). The c-index for the entire unstratified sample was 0.703 (95 % CI, 0.661–0.746), indicating that the predictive model stratified by bedriddenness rank was accurate (p < 0.001).
Conclusion

We identified predictors of falls using important ADLs (bedriddenness rank) and developed a more accurate prediction model in acute care hospital settings. This predictive model is an essential tool for fall prevention.
The Dose-Response Relationship between The triglyceride-glucose index and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Using Publicly Available Data: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese Obesity adult population
Authors: he jiacheng
Published: August 2021

BackgroundTriglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but research on this relationship is limited in Obesity population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between TyG index and the risk of incident T2DM in Chinese Obesity adult population.Methods80,919 participants with BMI≥ 24 were selected from a prospective cohort study data which was collected between 2010 and 2016 across 32 sites and 11 cities in China.The risk of incident T2DM according to TyG index was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and a two-piece wise linear regression model was developed to find out the threshold effect.The formula for TyG index was expressed as ln[fasting triglyceride leve (mg/dL)× fasting plasma glucose level(mg/dL)/2].ResultsAfter follow-up, 3008 ( 3.7%) patients developed T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounders, as a continuous variable, TyG index was associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 3.81; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.56-4.09.Further analysis revealed a positive curvilinear association between TyG index and incident T2DM, with a saturation effect predicted at 9.328. When the TyG index was less than 9.328, the risk of incident T2DM increased significantly[HR 4.778 (4.149,5.462), P< 0.001], while the risk became gentle when beyond 9.328[HR 2.61 (2.123,3.209), P< 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that the association between TyG index and incident T2DM stably existed in different subgroups.ConclusionsTyG index was a significant predictor of subsequent risk of incident T2DM in Chinese Obesity adult population. An increase in TyG index of one unit increased the risk of developing T2DM by 3.81-fold.
On the Single and Multiple Associations of COVID-19 Post-acute Sequelae: 6-month Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rodríguez Beatriz Maria Jiménez , Fernández José Gutiérrez , Urbina Eldis Maria Ramos , Ortiz Ana dolores Romero , Flores Paula Isabel García , Puertas Maria Inmaculada Santiago , López Maria Jose Martín , Milena Genaro López , Fabregas Rene , García Concepción Morales
Published: August 2021

Medical research is progressing to clarify the full spectrum of sub-acute and long-term effects of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. However, most manuscripts published to date only analyze the effects of long COVID in patients discharged from hospital, which may induce significant bias. Here, we propose a pioneering study to analyze the single and multiple associations between post-COVID characteristics with up to 6-months of follow-up in hospitalized and non-hospitalized covid-19 patients. The cohort study was conducted from May to October 2020 at the University Hospital Virgen de la Nieves, the leading hospital assigned for patients with COVID-19 in Granada, Spain. A total of 372 and 217 patients — with 217 and 207 included in the first and second follow-up visits — were referred 2 and 6 months after diagnosis of covid-19 infection, respectively. We find out that post-COVID-19 clinical and mental health impairment symptoms are correlated with patient gender. Logistic adjustments showed strong statistically robust single and multiple associations of demographic, clinical, mental health, X-ray, laboratory indices, and pulmonary function variables. The functional lung tests are good predictors of chest CT imaging abnormalities in elderly patients with long-haul COVID. Bilateral lung involvement, subpleural reticulum, ground-glass opacity, peripheral lung lesions, and bronchiectasis were the most common findings of the high-resolution computed tomography images. Non-hospitalized patients suffer more severe thromboembolic events and fatigue than those hospitalized.
A2A Receptor-induced Overexpression of Pannexin-1 Hemichannels Indirectly Mediates Adenosine Fibrogenic Actions in Subcutaneous Human Fibroblasts by Favoring ATP Release
Authors: Herman-de-Sousa Carina , Costa Maria Adelina , Silva Rafaela Pedro , Ferreirinha Fátima , Ribeiro Severino , Correia-de-Sá Paulo
Published: August 2021

Disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue due to inflammation and fibrosis is a common feature in patients with myofascial pain. Dermal accumulation of adenosine favours collagen production by human subcutaneous fibroblasts (HSCF) via A2A receptors (A2AR) activation. Adenosine mimics the fibrogenic effect of inflammatory mediators (e.g. histamine, bradykinin), which act by promoting ATP release from HSCF via pannexin-1 (Panx1) and/or connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannels. However, this mechanism was never implicated in the A2AR-mediated actions. NECA and CGS21680C, two enzymatically-stable A2AR agonists, increased Panx-1, but reduced Cx43, immunoreactivity in cultured HSCF. This effect was accompanied by increases in ATP release and collagen production by HSCF. Involvement of A2AR was verified upon blockage of NECA and CGS21680 effects with the selective A2AR antagonist, SCH442416. Inhibition of Panx1 hemichannels with probenecid also decreased ATP release and collagen production by HSCF under similar conditions. Superfluous ATP release by HSCF exposed to A2AR agonists overexpressing Panx1 hemichannels contributes to keep high [Ca2+]i levels in the presence of inflammatory mediators, like histamine. Adenosine A2AR-induced Panx1 overexpression was shown here for the first time; this feature indirectly implicates ATP release in the fibrogenic vicious cycle putatively operated by the nucleoside in subcutaneous tissue fibrosis and myofascial inflammatory conditions.
Local Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction in Indian Summer Monsoon Multi-Decadal Variability
Authors: Goswami Dhruba Jyoti , Karumuri Ashok , Goswami Bhupendranath
Published: August 2021

The significant multi-decadal mode (MDM) of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) during the past two millennia provides a basis for decadal predictability of the ISMR, and has strong association with the north-Atlantic variability with the Atlantic multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) as a potential external driver. It is also known that the annual cycles and inter-annual variability of ISMR and sea surface temperatures (SST) over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) are strongly coupled. However, the role of local air-sea interactions in maintaining or modifying the ISMR MDM remains unknown. A related puzzle we identify is that the IO SST has an increasing trend during two opposite phases of the ISMR MDM, namely during an increasing phase of ISMR (1901 to 1957) as well as a decreasing phase of ISMR (1958-2007). Here, using a twentieth century reanalysis (20CR), we examine the role of air-sea interactions in maintaining two opposite phases of the ISMR MDM and unravels that the Bjerknes feedback is at the heart of maintaining the ISMR MDM but cannot explain the increasing trend of SST in the tropical IO during the opposite phases. Large-scale low-level vorticity influence on SST and net heat flux changes through circulation and cloudiness changes associated with the two phases of the ISMR MDM together explain the SST trends. The decreasing trend of low-level wind convergence during the period between 1958 and 2007 is a determining factor for the decreasing trend of ISMR in the backdrop of an increasing trend of atmospheric moisture content. Our analysis points towards the transition from one phase to the other to be driven by external drivers like the AMO through modulation of the large-scale circulation.
Effect of Root Canal Transportation by Minimally Invasive Endodontic Access on Canal Orifice Dentin
Authors: Tsubaki Tomoyuki , Utsunomiya Mai , Shimojima Kaori , Mutoh Noriko , Tani-Ishii Nobuyuki
Published: August 2021

Background: Minimally invasive endodontics (MI Endo) with minimal dentin shaping prevents root canal fracture in endodontically treated teeth. Alternatively, reduction of the surgical field and limitation of the visual field by MI Endo make root canal shaping difficult. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of minimally invasive (MI) shaping of canal orifice dentin by evaluating the shaping characteristics of TruNatomy (TN), a Ni–Ti file developed for MI Endo.Methods: A J-shaped canal model was used to compare the final canal morphology formed using a MI shaping TN or conventional shaping ProTaper NEXT (PTN) file. The TN files were used in two experimental groups: no straight-line access (A) and straight-line access (B). The PTN files of the control were similarly classified: no straight-line access (C) and straight-line access (D). The increase in canal width and the median displacement (transportation) among the groups were compared.Results: The analysis of the canal width prepared with the TN file showed that the displacement of the inner canal curve increased at the point 5 mm from the apex in Groups A and B; however, the displacement of the outer width increased at the other measurement sites. In Groups C and D using PTN, the displacement of the inner canal curve increased at points 3–5 mm from the apex. Alternatively, the displacement on the outer width increased at 8 mm, and the displacement in Group D increased significantly. The canal transportation in the case with a TN file was 0.1 mm or smaller for Groups A and B, although the PTN preparation showed significant transport 3–5 mm from the apex on the inner curve of Group D compared with Groups A and B.Conclusions: TN shaping preserves the tooth structure and canal geometry without straight-line access. The TN file developed based on the concept of MI Endo facilitates accurate root canal shaping and reduces transportation.
Association Between Air Pollutants and Hospitalization with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Ganzhou, China
Authors: Zhou Xingye , Li Chenwei , Gao Yanfang , Zhou Chuanfei , Zhang Xiaokang
Published: August 2021

Background. The evidence of the harm of air pollutants to respiratory health in inland cities in southern China is relatively limited. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the relationship between air pollutants and the number of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in this area.Method. The number of inpatients with COPD, air quality data and meteorological data in the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University in Ganzhou City from 2016 to 2020 were collected. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the lagged effects of air pollutants and their health effects on the number of hospitalizations for COPD.Results. Among a variety of pollutants, the air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in Ganzhou City have a significant impact on the number of hospitalized patients with COPD. Using PM2.5 as an example, the single day lag effect and cumulative lag effect reached their maximum at lag 6 day and lag 12 day, respectively, at which time the number of hospitalizations due to COPD increased by 2.82% and 6.60%, respectively. After adjusting for other pollutants, it was found that the impact of PM2.5 on the number of hospitalizations of COPD patients did not change much. Compared with the cold season, the changes of PM2.5, PM10 and O3 in warm season have a greater impact on the number of inpatients with COPD.Conclusions. The increased concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in Ganzhou may increase the risk of COPD patients, which is one of the reasons for the increase in the number of COPD hospitalizations.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bmy1 Intron III Alleles Conferring the Genotypic Variation in β-amylase Activity under Drought Stress Between Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley
Authors: Wu Xiaojian , Wang Huan , Zeng Fanrong , Wang Junmei
Published: August 2021

β-amylase activity is related to the polymorphism of Bmy1 intron III; however, no attention has been given to such relationship under environmental stresses like drought. In this study, 73 cultivated barley genotypes and 52 Tibetan wild barley accessions were used to test the association between Bmy1 gene intron III polymorphisms and β-amylase activity under drought stress. Our results showed that three alleles, Bmy1.a, Bmy1.b and Bmy1.c, existed in the examined barley genotypes. Tibetan wild barley had higher proportion of Bmy1.b, whereas cultivated barley showed higher proportion of Bmy1.a. Impressively, barley genotypes with Bmy1.b showed significant increase in β-amylase activity under drought stress, compared with those with Bmy1.a or Bmy1.c, indicating that Bmy1.b allele might provide more chances for developing barley cultivars with higher β-amylase activity under water stress than both Bmy1.a and Bmy1.c alleles. Furthermore, the Tibetan wild barley XZ147, belonging to Bmy1.b allele type, showed significant higher β-amylase activity than the cultivar Triumph under drought stress. This might result from the unique amino acid substitution M527 or the amino acid composition of R115, D165, A233, S347 and M527 of XZ147.
Whirl Analysis of an Overhung Disk Shaft System Mounted on Non-rigid Bearings
Authors: Chowdhury Sanjib , Joshi Yashodhan V.
Published: August 2021

Eigenvalues of a simple rotating flexible disk-shaft system are obtained using different methods. The shaft is supported radially by non-rigid bearings, while the disk is situated at one end of the shaft. Eigenvalues from a finite element and a multi-body dynamic tool are compared against an established analytical formulation. The Campbell diagram based on natural frequencies obtained from the tools differ from the analytical values because of oversimplification in the analytical model. Later, detailed whirl analysis is performed using AVL Excite multi-body tool that includes understanding forward and reverse whirls in absolute and relative coordinate systems and their relationships. Responses to periodic force and base excitations at a constant rotational speed of the shaft are obtained and a modified Campbell diagram based on this is developed. Whirl of the center of the disk is plotted as an orbital or phase plot and its rotational direction noted. Finally, based on the above plots, forward and reverse whirl zones for the two excitation types are established.
The Effect of Social Networks and Internet Emotional Relationships on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Students: a Path Analysis Model
Authors: Aliverdi Fatemeh , Tourzani Zahra Mehdizadeh , Salehi Leili , Qorbani Mostafa , Mahmoodi Zohreh
Published: August 2021

Background: Social networks and relationships create a sense of belonging and social identity and therefore have a major effect on mental health and quality of life, especially in young people. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of social networks and Internet emotional relationships on mental health and quality of life in students. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2021 on 350 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using five questionnaires: Socioeconomic Status, Social Networks, Internet Emotional Relationships Mental Health, Quality of Life and a checklist of demographic details. Data were analyzed in SPSS-25, PLS-3, and Lisrel-8.8.Results: According to the path analysis results, mental health had the most significant positive causal relationship with Internet emotional relationships in the direct path (B=0.22) and the most negative relationship with socioeconomic status (B=-0.09). Mental health was assessed using DASS-21, in which higher scores mean higher mental disorder. Quality of life had the highest negative causal relationship with DASS-21 score in the direct path (B=-0.26) and the highest positive relationship with socioeconomic status in the indirect path (B=0.023). The mean duration of using social networks (B=-0.067) and Internet emotional relationships (B=-0.089) had the highest negative relationship with quality of life.Conclusion: The use of the internet and virtual networks, Internet emotional relationships and unfavorable socioeconomic status were associated with mental disorders and reduced quality of life in the students. Since students are the future of any country, it is necessary for policymakers to further address this group and their concerns.
Ultra-Low Profile Solar-Cell-Integrated Antenna With a High Form Factor
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Wang Heesu , Lee Jaejin , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Park Ikmo
Published: August 2021

This paper presents an ultra-low-profile copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cell integrated antenna with a high form factor. A tiny slot was etched from the solar cell to develop an ultra-low-profile solar-cell-integrated antenna. This tiny slot increases the form factor due to the small clearance area from the solar cell. A ground-radiation antenna design method was applied in which lumped elements were employed inside the tiny slot for antenna operation. Another substrate was used under the solar cell for designing the feeding structure with lumped elements connected to the tiny slot using via holes. A prototype was fabricated and measured to verify the operation of a built-in solar-cell antenna and validate the simulated results. The measured results demonstrate that the solar-cell-integrated antenna covers the entire frequency range of the Industrial Scientific Medical band from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz with good performance characteristics. The proposed design has a low-profile structure with high optical transparency for solar cells. The antenna and solar cell were designed to avoid affecting the performance of each other using the radio-frequency decoupler.
Renal microvascular damaged in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia through the regulation of MAMs by PACS2 in endothelial cell
Authors: Shu Zhihao , Chen Shuhua , Xiang Hong , Wu Ruoru , Zhao Shaoli , Xiao Jie , Liu Hengdao , Liu Yulan , Wang Xuewen , Xiong Wenfang , Ouyang Jie , Zhang Jing , Liu Huiqin , Chen Alex F , Lu Hongwei
Published: August 2021

Background: The prevalence of diabetic vascular complications is rapidly increasing, especially in the diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. Consistent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia impairs microvascular, but lack of effective intervention target to prevention or reduced the risk of serious bad ending. Methods: A mouse model of diabetes combined with hyperlipidemia were established by STZ injection and high fat diet to observe the possible damage of HGHF to renal blood vessels include vascular permeability, fibrosis and subcellular structure. Then, we replicated an in vitro endothelial cell injury model treated by 30mm Glucose and 0.1mm palmitic acid to verify its main functional changes. Proteomics and metabolomics were used to explore the molecular mechanisms behind diabetic microvascular damage. The mechanisms were further verified at siRNA interference and transgenic knockout mice. Results: We found that renal vascular permeability impaired and fibrosis increased significantly in the stz+HFD mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with high glucose/high fat (HGHF), the number of mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) and the expression of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS2) increased. In particular, gene manipulation of PACS2 altered endothelial cell MAMs. Knocking down PACS2 restored the barrier function of HUVECs. In vivo, knocking out PACS2 ameliorated the kidney injury in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and fed with high-fat diet for up to 20 weeks. PACS2-/- mice leaked less vascular Evan’s blue and improved glomerular fibrosis in the kidney tissue of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia mouse model. We further observed the reduction of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), CPT1α expression, and NADPH production in endothelial cells induced by HGHF. These changes in fatty acid metabolism were rescued by silencing PACS2, but were blocked by the FAO inhibitor, etomoxir. Conclusion: PACS2 impacts the metabolic response of endothelial cells to HGHF through MAMs. Loss of PACS2 expression reduces glomerular endothelial cells barrier injury, induced by VE-Cadherin internalized under HGHF. PACS2 play a metabolism and MAMs regulators in the vascular endothelial cells of diabetes with hyperlipidemia.
NOVA1 Promotes SMN2 Exon 7 Splicing via Binding the UCAC Motif and Increases SMN Protein Expression
Authors: Du Lili , Sun Junjie , Chen Zhiheng , Shao Yixiang , Wu Liucheng
Published: August 2021

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease with high lethality rate in infants. Homologous genes SMN1 and SMN2 were reported to be SMA pathogenic factors. Studies showed that high inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 increased SMN expression which in turn ameliorated the severity of SMA. The inclusion rate of SMN2 exon 7 was higher in neural tissues than that in non-neural tissues. Expression of splicing factors that regulate inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 were significantly increased in neural tissues compared to non-neural ones. A positive correlation was checked between expression of neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1(NOVA1) and SMN in central nervous system. In addition, reduced number of neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn was determined by Nissl staining in SMA mice from postnatal day 1 to 7 continuously. Meanwhile, NOVA1 was presented in motor neurons and gradually decreased as SMA ongoing. Moreover, SMN2 exon 7 inclusion and protein level were enhanced by overexpressing NOVA1, while the enhancement was reversed when NOVA1 knockdown in vitro. Finally, the “YCAY” motif (Y is pyrimidine, U or C) was located in the exon 7 of SMN2 and was critical for NOVA1 binding and promoting the inclusion of exon 7. Mutagenesis experiments revealed that CA was essential for the exon 7 inclusion while less influence was detected by changing order of Y in the motif. Collectively, NOVA1 interacted with “YCAY” motif in exon 7 of SMN2 and thus enhanced the inclusion of exon 7 in SMN2 which in turn increased the level of SMN protein. Our data may provide new insights into the treatment of SMA disease.
Local Immune Response of Canarian Majorera Goats Primary Infected With Teladorsagia Circumcincta
Authors: Ortega Leire , Quesada Jessica , Ruiz Antonio , Conde-Felipe Magnolia M. , Ferrer Otilia , Rodríguez Francisco , Caballero José M. Molina
Published: August 2021

Due to increased anthelmintic resistance, alternative methods to drugs are necessary to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Some of the most promising alternatives for their sustainability are based on the immune response of the host, such as the selection of genetically resistant breeds or the use of vaccines against these parasites. Given the limited information available on the immune response against GIN in goats, this study was carried out on the local immune response of goat kids of a Canary Islands indigenous breed (Majorera breed) experimentally infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the most pathogenic and prevalent GIN species. For this purpose, the relationship between different parasitological and immunological parameters at local level (both related to the humoral and cellular immune responses) have been analyzed at early (1 week post-infection –wpi-) and late (8 wpi) stages of infection.Primoinfection of goat kids with T. circumcincta L3 generates a complex immune response that could be defined as Th2 type, characterized by an increase of infiltration in abomasal tissues of several effector cells as well as a progressive presence of specific antibodies against parasitic antigens in the gastric mucus. These cellular responses could be evidenced from 1 wpi onward, showing an increase in the gastric mucosa of antigen presenting cells and various lymphocyte subsets. The complexity of the responses developed is evidenced by the statistically significant changes in numbers of all these subpopulations, as well as in the evolution of the relative cytokine gene expression. From a functional point of view, negative associations were observed between the number of most of these cells (CD4, IgA, IgG, and CD45R cells) and parameters that could be related to the fecundity of worms, a phenomenon that was especially evident when the number of IgG or CD45R cells or the specific IgA levels of the mucus were compared with parasitological parameters such as the lenght of female worms or faecal egg counts at 8wpi.
Observational Study on Treatment of SRD-Type Diabetic Macular Edema With Aflibercept
Authors: Hao Yanlei , Tao Yuan , Li Yang , Wang Jundong , Li Shuting , Wang Hong , Li Weiguo
Published: August 2021

To examine the changes before and after intravitreal injection of Aflibercept in patients with SRD- type DME compared with non-SRD-type DME patients. Fifty eyes with SRD-type DME and 50 eyes with non-SRD-type DME were treated with Aflibercept (2 mg, 3 + PRN). The concentration of IL-6 in aqueous humor was measured before treatment, at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The changes in VA, CFT, and HRDs were observed before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after treatment. The VA in the two groups was improved after treatment (P < 0.05). the CFT and the number of HRDs in the two groups after treatment were decreased compared to that before treatment (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of IL-6 in the aqueous humor at 3 and 6 months after treatment was reduced compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). This data suggests that inflammation had an important role in DME occurrence, and the occurrence of SRD is closely related to inflammation. Intravitreal injection of Aflibercept can improve the visual acuity and macular edema in patients with DME.
Comparison between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic sphincter-preserving operations for ultra-low rectal cancer: a single institutional retrospective study
Authors: Kojima Tadahiro , Hino Hitoshi , Shiomi Akio , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Yamaoka Yusuke , Manabe Shoichi , Kato Shunichiro , Hanaoka Marie
Published: August 2021

Background
Sphincter-preserving operations for ultra-low rectal cancer include low anterior resection and intersphincteric resection. In low anterior resection, the distal rectum is divided by a transabdominal approach, which is technically demanding. In intersphincteric resection, a perineal approach is performed. We aimed to evaluate whether robotic-assisted surgery is technically superior to laparoscopic surgery for ultra-low rectal cancer. The frequency of conducting low anterior resection by a specific procedure can indicate the technical superiority of that procedure for ultra-low rectal cancer. Thus, we compared the frequency of low anterior resection between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic surgery in cases of sphincter-preserving operations.
Methods
We investigated 183 patients who underwent sphincter-preserving robotic-assisted or laparoscopic surgery for ultra-low rectal cancer (lower border within 5 cm of the anal verge) between April 2010 and March 2020. The frequency of low anterior resection was compared between laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries. The clinicopathological factors associated with an increase in performing low anterior resection were analyzed by multivariate analyses.
Results
Overall, 41 (22.4%) and 142 (77.6%) patients underwent laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, respectively. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. Low anterior resection was performed significantly more frequently in robotic-assisted surgery (67.6%) than in laparoscopic surgery (48.8%) (p = 0.04). Multivariate analyses showed that tumor distance from the anal verge (p < 0.01) and robotic-assisted surgery (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with an increase in the performance of low anterior resection. The rate of postoperative complications or pathological results was similar between the groups.
Conclusions
Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic-assisted surgery significantly increased the frequency of low anterior resection in sphincter-preserving operations for ultra-low rectal cancer. Robotic-assisted surgery has technical superiority over laparoscopic surgery for ultra-low rectal cancer treatment.
Development and characterization of 33 SNP markers in a critically endangered Hynobius amjiensis using ddRAD sequencing
Authors: Kan Xia , Wang Guoliang , Zhang Lili , Zhao Xin , Shan Shuangshuang , Liu Guiming , Shao Chen , Wang Yu
Published: August 2021

Hynobius amjiensis was considered as one of the 29 most threatened amphibian in China. To effectively conserve, manage and recover the population of this critically endangered species, 33 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. The minor allele frequency per locus ranged from 0.0161 to 0.5000. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.0323 to 0.6667 (average 0.3303) and from 0.0317 to 0.5000 (average 0.2772), respectively. The inbreeding coefficient value ranged between − 0.3315 and 0.0000. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium (P > 0.05) were found in all loci. These novel SNPs will be helpful for the population genetic assessment and conservation of H. amjiensis.
Perception of undergraduates and postgraduates pertaining online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-sectional Study amongst Sudanese Health Professional Students
Authors:   Hiba Awadelkareem Osman Fadl 1,2*,   Abdelrahman Hamza Abdelmoneim Hamza 3,4,   Mahir Eissa Mohamed Eissa 5,   Hadeel Idris Adam Osman 6,7,   Hiba Ali Ibrahim Ali 7,8,   Noha Abdalla Yousif Mohamed 7,9
Published: August 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of life including educational services due to partial and complete lockdown. In Sudan, education is based on the traditional method of learning (face-to-face lectures) in a classroom. However, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 made some educational institutes especially Universities and colleges resort to online learning. This study aimed to assess the Perception of Health professional students included under and postgraduates concerning the possible application of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan 2020.Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted amongst Sudanese Health professional Students, included Undergraduates and postgraduates. A convenient sample collection method was used via a self-administrated online structured questionnaire of nineteen questions, which were validated by a medical education expert. The perception was assessed and data were analyzed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS).Results: A total of 133 Health Professional students responded to the web questionnaire.97 (73%) were undergraduates and 36(27%) were postgraduates. Among undergraduates, 58(59.8%) were expressing positive perception, while 39(40.2%) had a negative perception. Whereas 24 (66.7%) of Postgraduates had positive perceptions and 12(33.3%) of them expressed a negative perception about online learning.Conclusions: Postgraduate health professionals are more familiar and stating a higher level of perception compared to the undergraduates, furthermore, several students already were exposed to hybrid online learning during the current COVID-19 Pandemic. Several obstacles to the implementation of online learning in Sudan were noticed by the participating students in this study, which must be appropriately managed for the successful implantation of this mode of learning.
How (Dis)trust in Scientific Information Links Political Ideology and Reactions Toward the Coronavirus Pandemic: Associations in the U.S. and Globally
Authors: McLamore Quinnehtukqut , Syropoulos Stylianos , Leidner Bernhard , Hirschberger Gilad , Young Kevin , Zein Rizqy , Baumert Anna , Bilewicz Michał , Bezouw Maarten van , Chatard Armand , Chekroun Peggy , Choi Hoon-Seok , Euh Hyun , Gomez Angel , Kardos Peter , Khoo Ying Hooi , Li Mengyao , Loughnan Steve , Mari Silvia , Tan-Mansukhani Roseann , Muldoon Orla , Noor Masi , Paladino Maria , Petrović Nebojša , Selvanathan Hema Preya , Uluğ Özden , Wohl Michael , Yeung Victoria , Chinchilla Juana
Published: August 2021

U.S.-based research suggests conservatism is linked with less concern about contracting coronavirus and less preventative behaviors to avoid infection. Here, we investigate whether these tendencies are partly attributable to distrust in scientific information, and evaluate whether they generalize outside the U.S., using public data and recruited representative samples across four studies (Ntotal=37,790). In Studies 1–3, we examine these relationships in the U.S., yielding converging evidence for a sequential indirect effect of conservatism on compliance through scientific (dis)trust and infection concern. In Study 4, we compare these relationships across 19 distinct countries, finding that they are strongest in North America, extend to support for lockdown restrictions, and that the indirect effects do not fully appear in any other country in our sample other than Indonesia. These effects suggest that rather than a general distrust in science, whether or not conservatism predicts coronavirus outcomes depends upon national contexts.