bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Areas of rational operation of steel rolling beams secured against curvatures
Authors: Golikov Aleksandr V. , Veremeev Dmitry V.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Beam cages are the most common type of floor covering for working areas of buildings and structures. Based on the results of a critical analysis of the existing methods for calculating and arranging the dimensions of beam cells, it was established that there are no clear recommendations on the rational range of selection of the sizes of beam cells depending on the surface load. The purpose of the study is to present the areas of rational operation of steel rolling beams, secured against buckling, based on the requirements of the calculation by the method of limit states. Methods. The tasks set in the work, aimed at achieving the research goal, are solved by analytical methods, relying on the basic laws of structural mechanics and existing knowledge about the actual operation of steel rolling beams under load. Methods of mathematical statistics were used to construct the main dependencies presented on the nomograms. Results. Areas of rational operation of steel rolling beams, secured against curvatures, are determined. The area of rational operation of beams is presented in the form of nomograms, which allow at the design stage to use a beam cell of maximum dimensions. As a criterion for rationalization, the criterion of the simultaneous satisfaction of the accepted section of the beam with the requirements of two groups of limiting states with minimum reserves was chosen. A refined algorithm for the layout of the beam cages and a refined method for calculating the cross-section of rolled beams are proposed, which make it possible to arrange the dimensions of the beam cage with a minimum steel consumption. The increase in the overall dimensions of the cells of the working platforms is substantiated.
The probability of the existence of defects that lead to the destruction of the pressure vessel without leak
Authors: Kuzmin Dmitry A. , Vertashenok Marina V.
Published: July 2021

Relevance. To ensure the safety of a nuclear power plant on the basis of the requirements of norms and rules in the field of the use of atomic energy for pipelines of the primary circuit of a nuclear reactor, the design should apply the leak before break concept. The main idea of the concept is to prevent a sudden rupture of the pipelines of the reactor coolant loop, and consists in substantiating the fact that the rupture is preceded by the formation of a stable through crack, which is detected by the provided leak control means. When substantiating the concept, it is assumed that break without leak is an impossible event. This article provides a method for determining the probability of a failure event without a leak. Purpose - estimate the probability of the existence of a defect that can lead to the destruction of the vessel or pressure pipeline without leakage, as well as the probability of failure without leakage for a known number of loading cycles. Methods. To systematize the data obtained by different methods of non-destructive testing, conservative assumptions were used to determine the area of detected defects. On the basis of the obtained defect sizes, the defect size regions were determined, which can determine the scenarios of crack growth. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the probability of the existence of a defect, which can lead to failure without leakage, was determined. Based on the methods of the theory of reliability, a comparison of the obtained probability of destruction with the admissible value is carried out. Results. A method for processing non-destructive testing data based on an assessment of the area of detected defects has been developed to systematize the data obtained by different non-destructive testing methods. The criterion for the development of cracks according to the scheme leak before destruction is determined. A method has been developed for determining the probability of a defect that can lead to failure without leakage. An example of calculation based on feed water pipelines is considered.
Educação/trabalho na relação cidade-campo
Authors: Sousa Raimunda Aurea Dias de , Rodrigues Daniel Coelho
Published: July 2021

O urbano é propagado como o espaço moderno, enquanto o campo passou a ser sinônimo do atraso e nesse mesmo contexto é inserida a educação nos dois espaços. Assim, o objetivo consiste em analisar a relação cidade/campo a partir do vai e vem dos filhos dos camponeses para uma escola de tempo integral urbana e o que essa mobilidade ocasiona na reprodução social do sujeito camponês. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, traçou-se como percurso metodológico, desde pesquisa bibliográfica a trabalho de campo. A partir dos dados e informações coletadas, foi possível entender que o Estado propicia escolas no campo, mas com professores que muitas vezes, reproduzem o modo de educação urbana.
Modos de Vida: a busca por um entendimento na transformação da ruralidade
Authors: Santos Marisa Oliveira , Alves Ana Elizabeth Santos
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo objetivou, por meio das memórias de trabalhadores de casas de farinha apontar as transformações ocorridas no modo de viver há uma década no bairro rural de Campinhos em Vitória da Conquista (BA). Embasados no materialismo histórico, as categorias modo de vida, memória e trabalho foram articuladas e teoricamente com Marx e Engels (2007); Agamben (2007); Thompson (1981), Harvey (2016) revistou transformações na dinâmica da ruralidade. Findada a discussão, a aproximação da “cidade” com o modo de vida rural, pela interpenetração do capital, trouxe novos contornos ao modo de viver da população, pois a força de trabalho foi sendo cooptada e os trabalhadores apartados dos seus meios de produção, tornando-os estranhos no seu lugar de vida e trabalho.
Genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) growing on indigenous Māori land
Authors: Koot Emily , Arnst Elise , Taane Melissa , Goldsmith Kelsey , Thrimawithana Amali , Reihana Kiri , González-Martínez Santiago C. , Goldsmith Victor , Houliston Gary , Chagné David
Published: July 2021

Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst et G. Forst, known as mānuka
by Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), is a
culturally and economically significant shrub species, native to New
Zealand and Australia. Chemical, morphological and phylogenetic studies
have indicated geographical variation of mānuka across its range in New
Zealand, and genetic differentiation between New Zealand and Australia.
We used pooled whole genome re-sequencing of 76 L. scoparium and
outgroup populations from New Zealand and Australia to compile a dataset
totalling ~2.5 million SNPs. We explored the genetic
structure and relatedness of L. scoparium across New Zealand, and
between populations in New Zealand and Australia, as well as the complex
demographic history of this species. Our population genomic
investigation suggests there are five geographically distinct mānuka
gene pools within New Zealand, with evidence of gene flow occurring
between these pools. Demographic modelling suggests three of these gene
pools have undergone expansion events, whilst the evolutionary histories
of the remaining two have been subjected to contractions. Furthermore,
mānuka populations in New Zealand are genetically distinct from
populations in Australia, with coalescent modelling suggesting these two
clades diverged ~9 –12 million years ago. We discuss
the evolutionary history of this species and the benefits of using
pool-seq for such studies. Our research will support the management and
conservation of mānuka by landowners, particularly Māori, and the
development of a provenance story for the branding of mānuka based
products.
Protocol for a systematic review of the diagnostic test accuracy of tests for IgE-mediated food allergy
Authors: Genuneit Jon , Jayasinghe Sashini , RIGGIONI CARMEN , Peters Rachel , Chu Derek , Munblit Daniel , Boyle Robert , Toit George Du , Skypala Isabel , Santos Alexandra
Published: July 2021

Background: The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
(EAACI) is in the process of updating the guidelines on the diagnosis
and management of food allergy. The existing guidelines are based on a
systematic review of the literature until 30th September 2012.
Therefore, a new systematic review must be undertaken to inform the new
guidelines. This systematic review aims to assess the accuracy of index
tests to support the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy. Methods:
The databases Cochrane CENTRAL (Trials), MEDLINE (OVID) and Embase
(OVID) will be searched for diagnostic test accuracy studies from 1st
October 2012 to 30th June 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be
used to select appropriate studies. Data from these studies will be
extracted and tabulated, and then reviewed for risk of bias and
applicability using the QUADAS-2 tool. All evaluation will be done in
duplicate. Studies with a high risk of bias and low applicability will
be excluded. Meta-analysis will be performed if there are three or more
studies of the same index test and food. Results: A protocol for the
systematic review and meta-analyses is presented and was registered
using Prospero prior to commencing the literature search. Discussion:
Oral food challenges are the reference standard for diagnosis but
involve considerable risks and resources. This protocol for systematic
review aims to assess the accuracy of various tests to diagnose food
allergy, which can be useful in both clinical and research settings.
Agricultural Irrigation Induced Evaporative Water Loss in a Temperate Climate Study Site: a Stable Isotope Approach
Authors: Grevengoed Lincoln , Hampton Duane , Krishnamurthy R V
Published: July 2021

Worldwide, significant agricultural activities take place in temperate
climate zones In regions where groundwater is used for irrigation, water
losses take place due to evaporation. Previous studies demonstrated the
utility of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in estimating evaporative
water loss experienced during return flow back to an aquifer. Unlike
arid regions where the other studies took place, this study examined the
region around Kalamazoo, Michigan, the United States, which experiences
a more temperate climate.. Irrigation in the Kalamazoo area primarily
uses center-pivot systems supplied by wells, unlike flood irrigation in
previous study areas. Water samples were taken periodically from wells
close to center-pivot irrigation systems. Water losses due to
evaporation were estimated using stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes,
which are effective tracers for water. This approach was possible in the
Kalamazoo area since the distribution of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in
local precipitation, which is the source of groundwater recharge, is
known based on years of measurements. The link between agriculture and
meteorology is thus clear. Isotope analyses during the irrigation season
suggest water loss due to evaporation is in the range of 9.1% and
14.3%. This is less than what was estimated by previous studies in arid
climate zones. Evaporative water loss was greater at wells near
cornfields than at wells that supplied other crop types. There was
little expected correlation between the groundwater’s isotope ratio
values and the change in chloride concentration. This is likely due to
an external input of chloride from road salt used in winter months.
Stepanov-like pseudo anti-periodicity and applications to semi-linear parabolic boundary differential equations
Authors: huoxia liu
Published: July 2021

This paper is mainly devoted to the existence of pseudo anti-periodic
solutions of parabolic boundary differential equations by the measure
theory. A new class of functions called Stepanov-like (µ0,ν0)-pseudo
anti-periodic functions is proposed, which generalizes the classical
weighted pseudo anti-periodic functions in Stepanov sense. The
completeness of the space composed of these functions is proved.
Translation invariance and two composition theorems are also
established. As an application different from parabolic equations with
linear boundary conditions, one shows that semi-linear parabolic
evolution equations with inhomogeneous boundary conditions admit a
(µ0,ν0)-pseudo anti-periodic solution in interpolation and extrapolation
spaces. An example is presented to verify the existence of pseudo
anti-periodic solution.
Loss of intermediate flow states only evident when considering sub-daily flow metrics in a major tributary in the Limpopo basin
Authors: Ramulifho Pfananani , Rivers-Moore Nick , Foord Stefan
Published: July 2021

As the impacts of the anthropocene intensifies in rivers, there is an
increasing need to understand how these changes affect both daily and
sub-daily stream flow variability, timing and flow quantities, as these
are some of the most influential drivers of spatial and temporal
dynamics of stream biota. In this paper, long-term changes in flow
patterns of a strategic water source area in an arid region of southern
Africa were quantified, focusing on the relation between daily and
sub-daily and its potential impact on fish biota of the catchment.
Long-term temporal trends in stream flow were modelled using Generalized
Least Squares (GLS), while sub-daily and daily mean flow of the same
stations were compared using a suite of metrics. Periods of similar
stream flow patterns were identified using K-means cluster analysis. A
spreadsheet rule-based model was developed linking fish communities to
streamflow patterns providing a predictive framework for fish assemblage
responses to stream flow classes. Long term reduction in flow has a
strong seasonal component, with significant decreases during the wet
season, not linked to long-term rainfall patterns. Flow variability has
increased over time, while 78% of sub-daily flow metrics were related
to daily flow metrics. Oscillating flow conditions and the loss of
intermediate flow states may permanently exclude certain fish flow
guilds. However, temporal partitioning is only evident when sub-daily
metrics are considered, highlighting their importance for assessing
ecological resilience.
Evaluation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and neuroendocrine stress axis in COVID-19 suspicious outpatients tested for SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR referred to 16-hour comprehensive health centers in Abadan County: A cross-sectional case-control study
Authors: Naghashpour Mahshid , Adelipour Maryam , Mobarak Sara , Piri Maghsud , Seyedtabib Maryam , Maghsoudi Fatemeh , Golabi Sahar
Published: July 2021

RAAS could play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Also, the dynamics of the HPA axis may have changed in COVID-19. So, we
aimed to assess RAAS and the HPA axis in COVID-19 suspicious outpatients
referred to 16-hour comprehensive health centers in Abadan. Demographic
and clinical data were collected. Serum cortisol and aldosterone
measurements and blood grouping were done. Clinical symptoms of the
positive PCR group were followed up on for four weeks. SPO2 was
significantly lower in the positive PCR group, but the respiratory rate
was significantly higher (P= 0.03 and P=0.001, respectively).
Outpatients with the O blood group showed higher levels of cortisol in
comparison to those with A and AB blood groups (P= 0.003 and P= 0.03
respectively) in the positive PCR group. Negative PCR individuals with
the AB blood type had significantly higher levels of cortisol compared
with those who had A (P= 0.02) and O (P=0.03) blood types. We saw
significantly higher levels of aldosterone in males of the negative PCR
group in comparison with females (P= 0.05). Cortisol (OR= 0.937, P=
0.033) and aldosterone (OR= 1.005, P= 0.020) levels had a decreasing and
increasing effect on the chances of respiratory symptoms occurring over
time, respectively. Also, over time, women were twice as likely as men
to develop neurologic symptoms (OR= 0.530, P= 0.015). Cortisol and
aldosterone are associated with the chance of respiratory symptoms
occurring over time. However, the levels of these two markers do not
seem to be related to the lower grades of COVID-19.
Conservation laws and exact solutions for the generalized Ostrovsky equation using symmetry analysis
Authors: Sáez Sol
Published: July 2021

In this work we consider a generalized Ostrovsky equation depending on
two arbitrary functions and we make an in-depth study of this equation.
We obtain the Lie symmetries which are admitted by this equation and
some exact solutions as a periodic or solitary waves, obtained through
ordinary and partial differential equations. Also, by means of the
concept of multiplier, we obtain a wide range of conservation laws which
preserve properties of the generalized Ostrovsky equation.
Perceptions of Tone at the Top from the Inside: Insights into Audit Pricing
Authors: Garrett Jace B. , Hoitash Rani , Prawitt Douglas F.
Published: July 2021

Tone at the top plays an important role in entities' internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) and in auditors' planning and risk assessment decisions. Using a novel measure based on employee perceptions, we find that strong tone at the top is associated with reduced audit pricing and that this relation holds even for firms that report effective ICFR. This relation is stronger when employees' tone perceptions are more consistent throughout the organization, when accounting is more complex, and when earnings manipulation risk is higher. We also find that strong tone is negatively associated with the incidence of reported material weaknesses and positively associated with positive abnormal accruals, and that the management integrity component of tone is more strongly associated with audit pricing than is the quality of management communication. Finally, we find evidence that auditors become familiar with employees' tone perceptions in the normal course of an audit.
Bank Audit Regulations and Reporting Quality
Authors: Khurana Inder K. , Zhong Rong (Irene)
Published: July 2021

This study examines whether bank audit regulations impact bank reporting quality. Using a multi-country panel of publicly traded banks, we find that regulations targeting auditor qualifications and independence improve bank reporting quality. In contrast, regulations that impose greater supervisory oversight of external auditors have little or even an adverse effect on bank reporting quality. Cross-sectional analysis further shows that the effects of bank audit regulations are concentrated among banks where supervisory regime is less independent. Our results hold after controlling for bank regulations pertinent to financial reporting and disclosure, the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, and time-varying country-level institutional characteristics. Overall, our findings suggest that audit regulations matter and their impact on bank reporting quality is sensitive to the type of audit regulation.

JEL Classifications: G21; G38; M41; M42.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text.
Modulation of Glucose Production by Central Insulin Requires IGF-1 Receptors in AgRP Neurons
Authors: Farias Quipildor Gabriela , Mao Kai , Beltran Pedro J. , Barzilai Nir , Huffman Derek M.
Published: July 2021

Similar to insulin, central administration of IGF-1 can suppress hepatic glucose production (HGP), but it is unclear whether this effect is mediated via insulin receptors (InsRs) or IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rs) in the brain. To this end, we used pharmacologic and genetic approaches in combination with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps to decipher the role of these receptors in mediating central effects of IGF-1 and insulin on HGP. In rats, we observed that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IGF-1 or insulin markedly increased the glucose infusion rate (GIR) by >50% and suppressed HGP (P < 0.001). However, these effects were completely prevented by preemptive ICV infusion with an IGF-1R and InsR/IGF-1R hybrid (HybridR) blocking antibody. Likewise, ICV infusion of the InsR antagonist, S961, which also can bind HybridRs, interfered with the ability of central insulin, but not IGF-1, to increase the GIR. Furthermore, hyperinsulinemic clamps in mice lacking IGF-1Rs in AgRP neurons revealed ∼30% reduction in the GIR in knockout animals, which was explained by an impaired ability of peripheral insulin to completely suppress HGP (P < 0.05). Signaling studies further revealed an impaired ability of peripheral insulin to trigger ribosomal S6 phosphorylation or phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate production in AgRP neurons lacking IGF-1Rs. In summary, these data suggest that attenuation of IGF-1R signaling in the mediobasal hypothalamus, and specifically in AgRP neurons, can phenocopy impaired regulation of HGP as previously demonstrated in mice lacking InsRs in these cells, suggesting a previously unappreciated role for IGF-1Rs and/or HybridRs in the regulation of central insulin/IGF-1 signaling in glucose metabolism.
Pima Indian Contributions to Our Understanding of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nelson Robert G. , Knowler William C. , Kretzler Matthias , Lemley Kevin V. , Looker Helen C. , Mauer Michael , Mitch William E. , Najafian Behzad , Bennett Peter H.
Published: July 2021

Prospective studies in informative populations are crucial to increasing our knowledge of disease. In this perspective, we describe a half century of studies in an American Indian population that transformed our understanding of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes, now recognized as the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Serial examinations conducted for many years that included the collection of data and samples across multiple domains captured an unprecedented volume of clinical, physiologic, morphometric, genomic, and transcriptomic data. This work permitted us to extensively characterize the course and determinants of diabetic kidney disease, its pathophysiologic underpinnings, and important secular trends of urgent concern to populations worldwide, including the emergence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and its effect on development of diabetic kidney disease in midlife. By combining these data using the tools of integrative biology, we are developing new mechanistic insights into the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. These insights have already contributed to the identification and successful therapeutic targeting of a novel pathway in DKD. We anticipate that this work will continue to expand our understanding of this complex disease and influence its management in the coming years.
Predictive value of chest computed tomography for axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Chohee , Chung Myung Jin , Chong Semin
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) for axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in patients with breast cancer.Methods: CT features of ALNs were retrospectively reviewed in 212 patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative chest CT examination and ALN dissection. Primary tumor size and CT characteristics of ALNs (cortical thickness, cortical shape, the presence or absence of contrast enhancement of ALNs, and the presence or absence of perinodal infiltration) were recorded and analyzed. A nomogram was developed to visualize the associations between the predictors and each ALN status endpoint.Results: Of 212 patients, 95 (44.8%) had ALN metastasis. Primary tumor size and CT characteristics of ALNs were identified as predictors of ALN metastasis. The nomogram comprising primary tumor size and cortical shape was a good validation model for predicting ALN metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the nomogram for predicting ALN metastasis were 88.4%, 79.5%, and 83.5%, respectively.Conclusion: Using preoperative chest CT scans, a nomogram combining the cortical shape of ALNs with the primary tumor size showed good performance in predicting ALN metastasis.
Heavy Metal Potential of Domestic Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Pushpakumara T.D.C. , Sandakelum W.G.T. ,   IESL College of Engineering, Sri Lanka
Published: July 2021

The use of sludge as fertilizers helps to the recycling of nutrients to the environment due to its beginning from wastewater and therefore relatively high content of nutrients and organic matter. However, wastewater does also contain hazardous compounds like heavy metals and micro pollutants which eventually are separated to the sludge during the treatment processes at the wastewater treatment plant. In order to improve the sludge quality, source tracking is a relatively cheap and effective way to find and eliminate hazardous compounds and prevent them from ending up in the sludge. The aim with this thesis was to investigate the fertilizer potential in sludge from wastewater treatment plant. The sludge is analyzed in terms of nutrient and heavy metal contents as well as physiochemical parameters. In order to determine the potential as fertilizer, the quality of the sludge is compared with other fertilizer alternatives, other sludge types and regulations for sludge use in agriculture. The work with sludge quality improvements in Gaborone is also investigated. Sludge from different stages along the treatment processes were collected in order to see differences in quality related to the treatment. The results shows that the samples of primary an aerobically treated sludge tend to have higher heavy metal content than the secondary sludge. The quality of the dry sludge samples indicates lower nutrient content than both the primary and secondary sludge, but similar heavy metal content. The analysis of dry sludge from indicates a low nutrient value and high heavy metal content in comparison to other selected fertilizer options and sludge from other. The processes for removal of nutrients from the wastewater are an important factor for the nutrient content in the sludge. Keywords wastewater; fertilizers; nutrients; sludge treatment
Modeling the Environmental Hazards of El-Kharga Oasis Sand Dunes, Western Desert of Egypt, using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors:   Department of Geology, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt, Megahed Hanaa A. , Hassoup Awad ,   National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo, Egypt, A. Farrag Abd El-Hay ,   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt, Wahba Doaa ,   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
Published: July 2021

In this study, an integrated suite of Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques supported by fieldwork is used to assess the sand dunes movement hazards at El-Kharga Oasis. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) were integrated with GIS techniques to model the vulnerable locations and to study the terrain characteristics (slope angles and aspects) in the studied area. The risk assessment model output was verified with the field investigations using multi-temporal satellite images recorded between 1990 and 2019. Monthly wind roses showed that the sand drifts in the southeastern direction differed widely from one direction to another depending on the wind direction and velocity. The most important output of the spatial model’s, results was a geo-hazard map that classified the sand dunes hazard zones into low, slight, moderate, and high-risk zones. It is concluded that, the sand dunes pose a serious hazard because of their fast movement and accumulation near the monumental sites, over roads and invading the agricultural fields. The obtained results can serve as a basis for planners and decision-makers to take the necessary precautions and measures to minimize the sand dune hazard’s impact on the monumental sites (e.g., Hibis, El-Nadura, El-Ghueita and El-Zayyan), roads, and the agricultural fields at El-Kharga Oasis and lead to a sustainable development plan. Keywords Environmental Hazards; Sand Dunes Movement; Remote Sensing; Risk Assessment, Egypt
Thermodynamic properties of citral + chloroform binary mixture at temperatures T = (288.15 – 323.15) K and at atmospheric pressure
Authors:   Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Grozdanić Nikola , Radović Ivona , Kijevčanin Mirjana
Published: July 2021

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in terpenes, as a class of compounds that are increasingly used in various industries due to their properties. In this paper, the densities (ρ), viscosities (η) and refractive indices (nD) of the binary mixture citral + chloroform were determined for the entire composition range, at temperatures T = (288.15 – 323.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimentally obtained results, the values of the excess molar volume VE, the values of the deviations in refractive index ∆nD and the values of the deviations in viscosity ∆η were calculated, and the obtained results were fitted with Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Taking into account the calculated thermodynamic properties, molecular interactions in the examined binary system were analyzed.
Analysis of Crude Oil Transport Parameters in Isothermal Flow
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Technical faculty ″Mihajlo Pupin″, Zrenjanin, Serbia, Tolmač Jasna , Prvulović Slavica , Jovanović Saša , Nedić Marija , Aleksić Aleksandra , Tolmač Dragiša
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental research and simulation of the parameters of crude oil transport of pipes. The content of paraffin in oil has a dominant influence on the properties of paraffin oil, and in particular has an impact on the reduction of the flow properties of the oil. Oil heating improves the flow properties, reduces the viscosity, as well as the losses of pressure on the friction when transporting pipes. The physical properties of crude oil are modified by heating to prevent the formation of wax inside the oil pipeline. Based on experimental and theoretical research on the real oil pipeline, simulation using the Origin software, the influence of the change in the temperature of heating crude oil, viscosity and flow, pressure drop and pump power was analyzed. Depending on the paraffin content, the oil is heated to the appropriate temperature before being introduced into the pipeline. The starting temperature of the oil depends on the paraffin content and the pour point. The case of heating oil to a temperature of 20 ‒ 50 oC was considered. The cooling rate during oil transport is (0,52 ‒ 0,55) oC / h. When transporting domestic paraffin oil, the downtime should not be longer than 24 hours, because due to standing and cooling, solid paraffin particles would appear, and then the oil would gelation in the pipeline. With a decrease in temperature Δt = 10 oC and a consequent increase in viscosity, there is a noticeable increase in pressure drop by 3 ‒ 4% and that requires more pump power.
Artificial Sweeteners in Groundwater as Indicators of Municipal Pollution
Authors:   Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Gvozdić Eleonora , Matić-Bujagić Ivana , Đurkić Tatjana , Grujić Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The widespread use of artificial sweeteners as additives in food, beverages, medicines and oral care products has led to the accumulation of these substances in aquatic ecosystems around the world. Since most of them are metabolically inert and are incompletely eliminated in wastewater treatment plants, municipal wastewater is the main source of these compounds in the environment. Due to the limited knowledge of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity, artificial sweeteeners are recognized as high-priority emerging contaminants. Some of them, such as acesulfame and sucralose, are very persistent in the aquatic environment, so they can be used as chemical markers of municipal wastewater pollution. In this paper, the presence of the most commonly used sweeteners in the Republic of Serbia (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, sucralose and aspartame) was investigated in groundwater from two Belgrade Ranney wells, as well as in the Sava River, in order to assess the impact of untreated municipal wastewater on water sources, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ers as additives in food, beverages, medicines and oral care products has led to the accumulation of these substances in aquatic ecosystems around the world. Since most of them are metabolically inert and are incompletely eliminated in wastewater treatment plants, municipal wastewater is the main source of these compounds in the environment. Due to the limited knowledge of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity, artificial sweeteeners are recognized as high-priority emerging contaminants. Some of them, such as acesulfame and sucralose, are very persistent in the aquatic environment, so they can be used as chemical markers of municipal wastewater pollution. In this paper, the presence of the most commonly used sweeteners in the Republic of Serbia (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, sucralose and aspartame) was investigated in groundwater from two Belgrade Ranney wells, as well as in the Sava River, in order to assess the impact of untreated municipal wastewater on water sources, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Application of Burning Test for Fast Identification of Types of PVC-Based Polymer Materials
Authors:   High Vocational School, Zrenjanin, Serbia, Lazić Matilda , Halas Dragan , Salemović Duško , Dedić Aleksandar
Published: July 2021

The paper examines the possibility of applying the burning test, as a fast method for the identification of un-plasticized (rigid) and plasticized (flexible) PVC-based polymer materials. Samples of packaging for food products and samples of garden hoses were tested, for which, based on the imprinted identification/recycling code i.e., the manufacturer's specification, it was assumed that they were made of polymer materials based on PVC. It was assumed that by applying the burning test, a preliminary identification of PVC types from which the tested samples were made could be performed. It is also assumed that the presence of additives in PVC-based plastics significantly affects the burning behavior of samples. The obtained results suggest / preliminary confirm that the samples of butter packaging containers are made of rigid PVC. The presence of an additive in the rigid PVC interferes with the behavior of the samples in the open flame during the burning test. Based on the results of the burning test, it can be estimated (preliminarily identified) that the samples of garden hoses are made of flexible PVC. The burning test represents a fast method of identification of PVC-based polymer materials, which enables preliminary differentiation of flexible and rigid PVC in recycling packaging plants and polymer processing plants.
Využití samoobslužných pokladen v maloobchodě: jejich vliv na zákaznickou spokojenost a vývoj těchto technologií na českém trhu
Authors: Dvořáková Michaela
Published: July 2021

During the last few years consumer behavior has significantly changed. Implementation of self- service technologies (SSLs) has influenced interactions between consumer and retailer. Thanks to current situation, where social contacts are being restricted, the use of SSLs is growing. Due to this trend, there is a greater need to evaluate the impact of those technology on consumer behavior. Objective of this article is to review available research on consumer satisfaction at Self-service checkout and to asses situation at the Czech retail market. Result of literature review is not explicit and shows significant potential for further research. Analyses of Czech retail market were done in cooperation with Bizerba Czech & Slovakia organization by secondary research and telephone interviews with selected retailer organizations. Research results point out that the Czech retail market is below the level of European market Self-service checkout technology implementation. Even greater gap is between international retailers and national local retail organizations where implementation of those Self-service technologies is close to zero.
Konseling Untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Afeksi Antara Anak Keterbatasan Intelektual Dengan Significant Others
Authors: Badjarad Risqa Sabrina
Published: July 2021

Anak dengan keterbatasan intelektual memiliki kemampuan intelektual dan sosial yang terbatas sehingga memerlukan afeksi atau kelekatan dengan orang terdekat (significant others). Kurangnya afeksi dapat membuat anak dengan keterbatasan intelektual dapat menunjukkan perilaku bermasalah. Significant others terkadang belum memahami bagaimana memberikan afeksi kepada anak dengan keterbatasan intelektual. Konseling dapat memberikan pemahaman dan insight bagaimana significant others dapat memberikan afeksi kepada anak dengan keterbatasan intelektual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efektifitas konseling dalam mengatasi permasalahan afeksi antara anak keterbatasan intelektual dengan significant others. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus untuk menguji efektifitas konseling yang digunakan. Subjek penelitian adalah seorang anak berusia 16 tahun dengan ciri-ciri fisik ras mongolia dan memiliki keterbatasan intelektual berdasarkan asesmen psikologi yang dilakukan. Subjek memiliki perilaku bermasalah seperti selalu datang terlambat ke sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konseling mampu memberikan insight kepada significant others untuk memberikan afeksi kepada subjek penelitian sehingga perilaku bermasalah subjek seperti datang terlambat ke sekolah menurun.
Aprendizaje y enseñanza del diseño de experiencias centradas en el usuario
Authors: Suárez Puerta Bianca
Published: July 2021

Diseñar experiencias (UX)[1] innovadoras puede permitirle a los usuarios abrir nuevas dimensiones a las vivencias cotidianas, e ir más allá de las experiencias familiares basadas en diseños de pantalla. Si bien, la mayoría de los métodos para aumentar los conocimientos básicos de un buen diseño de UX todavía tienen sentido en pantallas bidimensionales, los métodos de aplicación de estos principios heurísticos cambian en el nuevo paradigma de las experiencias de realidad virtual y realidad aumentada.

De esta manera, para cada experiencia digital, el diseñador debe iniciar con una idea para mostrar un conocimiento y luego deberá ampliarla a nuevas superficies y soportes. Cada UX requiere crear un viaje para el usuario (UCD)[2] dentro de la idea. El diseñador decidirá qué debe automatizarse y qué debe controlar el usuario. Para comprender mejor, en el presente artículo se analizará el diseño de la experiencia cinematográfica en una sala de cine que presenta una plataforma única donde el diseñador debe pensar más allá de la interfaz. En este medio, la narración de historia es muy importante y no debe ignorarse. Como docentes de diseño es necesario conocer las posibilidades del medio para crear un entorno inmersivo en lugar de solo una interfaz. Para este aprendizaje es necesario también el conocimiento de la psicología, la arquitectura, el diseño de sonido, el diseño de iluminación y la física. En la actualidad, estos diseños de experiencias se esfuerzan por acercarse a las vivencias de la vida real; pero con el tiempo, el contenido y el uso creativo del contenido evolucionarán hacia ofrecer una nueva realidad.

 

[1] UX: User Experience Design o Diseño de Experiencia de Usuario.

 

[2] UCD: User Centered Design o Diseño Centrado en el Usuario.
Aprender y enseñar el diseño en tiempos de Uber: plataformas multilaterales para la educación
Authors: Díaz Fabio Nelson Rodríguez
Published: July 2021

El internet ha permeado y transformado la cotidianidad humana. Aunque corta, su historia ha sido vertiginosa y en apenas unos 30 años pasó de utilizarse para formas de comunicación sencillas, a convertirse en imprescindible en la vida social, la economía y, por supuesto, en la educación, con la que ha tenido una relación estrecha desde su mismo nacimiento. Por supuesto, el comercio también aprovechó la oportunidad de ofrecer sus productos y servicios a nuevos mercados; así, las plataformas multilaterales aprovecharon la fragmentación y la dificultad de los modelos de negocio tradicionales para adaptarse a esta nueva realidad, y conectaron a los productores y los clientes. En los últimos años, la educación ha hecho lo propio poniendo a disposición de un gran público contenidos educativos atractivos, a través de plataformas que conectan a docentes con estudiantes. La propuesta de valor de estos nuevos negocios es atender las frustraciones que los clientes acumulan, por eso en este texto se abordarán las problemáticas relacionadas con los costos, la presencialidad, la masificación versus la personalización, la pertinencia de los contenidos educativos y la didáctica de los sistemas educativos presenciales y tradicionales. Así mismo, se plantearán los inconvenientes relacionados con la formación de competencias blandas, las condiciones laborales de los docentes y el riesgo de que los contenidos educativos sean determinados por las dinámicas de la oferta y la demanda.
La “tragedia de la cultura moderna” de Georg Simmel como crítica a las sociedades modernas.
Authors: Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Sin perjuicio de su impronta sociológica, la “tragedia de la cultura” es la aportación de Georg Simmel que mayor recorrido ha tenido y está teniendo desde su formulación inicial en torno a 1903. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en la presentación de la “tragedia de la cultura moderna” de Simmel como una teoría crítica de las sociedades modernas y del sistema capitalista de consumo que el autor presenta como rasgo definitorio de las mismas.
Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention Strategies on Physiological and Psychosocial Problems among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Selected Hospital of Kashmir
Authors:   Professor and Principal, MMINNS & RSKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, Wani Dilshada
Published: July 2021

Background:Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide serious condition associated with increased premature mortality, decreased quality of life and increased health-care expenditures. Learning about issues such as: disease process, strict adherence to renal diet, exercises and relaxation therapies in addition to adherence the medical treatment have helped chronic kidney disease patients to self regulate and improve their physical and social functioning. With this background the investigator got strongly convinced to design some evidence based ‘Nursing intervention strategies’ for CKD patients through clinical research to alleviate their sufferings with better clinical outcomes. Methodology:A quasi-experimental study based upon two group pre-test post-test control group design was conducted on 200 adult chronic kidney disease patients (100=experimental group and 100=control group) with an aim to evaluate the effectiveness of ‘Nursing intervention strategies’ in improving their physiological and psychosocial problems in nephrology ward of a tertiary care hospital of Jammu and Kashmir i.e. Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) from 5th March 2012 to 31st July 2013. Result: The findings revealed that the subjects in experimental group who received the ‘Nursing Intervention Strategies’ for two weeks within hospital as well as at home till first follow up visit had shown a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement in 9 health problems, 11 biochemical parameters, 5 physiological parameters and 2 psychosocial parameters than the subjects in control group who reported improvement in: only 6 health problems; 5 biochemical parameters and 3 physiological parameters. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ‘Nursing Intervention Strategies’ such as: Dietary advice, progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, leg massaging, leg elevation and talk therapy were effective in reducing the magnitude of physiological and psychosocial problems among chronic kidney disease patients. However the long term efficacy of these strategies needs to be investigated.
Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Programme to Educate Adolescent Girls in the Avoidance and Dealing with Iron Deficiency Anaemia in a Selected School of Bilaspur District
Authors:   PhD Scholar, Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (SRK) University, Bhopal (M.P.), India, Masih Shailvina D
Published: July 2021

Background: Nowadays young adolescents face many problems because of their lifestyle modifications such as eating junk foods, fast foods, snacking, and skipping meals. Some adolescents are undernourished due to a lack of awareness regarding dietary iron and poor socioeconomic status. These are quite common among urban adolescent girls. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in the world today. Iron is a necessary mineral for body function and good health. A lack of iron in the blood can lead to iron deficiency anaemia, which is a very common nutritional deficiency among children and adolescents. Objective: This study is aimed to analyse the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme to educate adolescent girls in the prevention and management of iron deficiency anaemia in a selected school of Bilaspur district. Method: Convenient sampling technique and structured questionnaire were used in the study. Result and Conclusion: The findings revealed that about 38% of the adolescent girls belonged to the age group of 14.1-15 years, 85% belonged to the Hindu religion, 48% had family income > 30,000 INR, 63% belonged to nuclear families, fathers of 60% of the adolescent girls were government employees, mothers of 48% of the adolescent girls were housewives, 78% of the adolescent girls belonged to urban areas, and 48% of the adolescent girls had got the information through mass media. The distribution of the adolescent girls among the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th standards was found to be equal (25% each). The assessment of the overall pre-test knowledge level of adolescent girls shows that 3% had good knowledge, 86% had average knowledge, and 11% had below-average knowledge.
Knowledge Assessment of BSc Nursing 4th Year Students about Breathing Exercises during First Stage of Labour
Authors:   RKDF College of Nursing, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Nagvanshi Sharda
Published: July 2021

Background: For a woman, labour is both the most exciting and the most traumatic experience. Women have varying pain thresholds and deal with pre-labour anxiety in various ways. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of BSc Nursing students about breathing exercises that can be done during the first stage of labour. Methods: An experimental research design with one group pre- and post-test was selected. The sample size was 30 BSc Nursing 4th year students. Demographic data, as well as a self-structured questionnaire was used to assess their level of knowledge regarding breathing exercises. Result and Conclusion: The post-test knowledge scores o the participants were better than the pre-test knowledge scores. Thus the study clearly shows that there was a significant gain in the knowledge of BSc Nursing students after the interventions on breathing exercise during the first stage of labour.
Lakes restoration approaches
Authors: Alhamarna Mohammed Z. , Tandyrak Renata
Published: July 2021

Preventive and curative intervention become an imperative to encounter the recent dilemmas of lakes and its ecosystem, eutrophication, external contaminants load and the internal load and hydrological cycle disruption, lakes drought or flood as a result of the global warning are some of these dilemmas which mainly caused anthropogenic activities. At present, mechanical and chemical treatment approaches are the most popular applied techniques for lakes remediation with an escalating pace of biological methods are implemented as biomanipulation; which consider an efficient eco-technique. As experience has proven, desirable reclamation result is achieved by implementing combination of the restoration methods.