bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Humans and Animals: A Geography of Coexistence
Authors: Bemis Michael F.
Published: December 2017

Homo sapien is just one species among millions of other animals here on Planet Earth. In the space of just a few thousand years, however, humans have altered the balance of life on this cosmic speck in ways large and small. That alone would be reason enough to warrant the publication of this volume, an examination of human-animal relationships. The editors provide an additional motive, pointing out that “as animals ourselves, our very survival as a species is intimately connected to these others” (xi). It behooves us, then, to understand how we can all just get along together, as denoted by “coexistence” in the subtitle.
Book Review: Sex and Gender: A Reference Handbook
Authors: Imhof Robin
Published: December 2017

One of the complaints this reviewer hears from instructors in Gender Studies programs is the dearth of current content related to transgender and intersex issues in general textbooks assigned for introductory courses. As far as a single volume text, Hilary Lips’ Sex and Gender (McGraw-Hill, 2007), now in its sixth edition, may likely be the standard in the field. Still, the emergence of new contentions and unresolved issues related to sexual development, identity, and gender roles in society during the interim ten years calls for a new resource. David E. Newton, a prolific freelance writer holding a doctorate in science education, addresses this need in Sex and Gender: A Reference Handbook.
Book Review: Law & Advertising: A Guide to Current Legal Issues, 4th ed.
Authors: Lucisano Dana M.
Published: December 2017

What is or is not permissible in terms of advertising your product or service? I found this book to be highly readable, as though I was sitting in an audience listening to this highly experienced advertising professional walk me through the legal terrain, often injecting anecdotes about accounts he worked on. He breaks the subject down according to hot-button issues, things like what you need to do to substantiate your claim that this mousetrap kills fifty mice per minute or what the risks are when you make comparisons to competitors’ products.
Hardware and Software Implementations of Measuring System for Resonant Electromagnetic Vibratory Conveyor
Authors: Despotović Željko , Urukalo Đorđe , Ribić Aleksandar
Published: December 2017

Vibratory movements are one of the most ways for conveying and transportation of granular and particulate materials.Vibratory conveyors and feeders with electromagnetic excitation belong to a group of mechatronic devices that in an efficient wayprovides drive force and oscillations for this conveying. They have an important role in framework of the many industrial process inwhich are dominant the particulate materials: food processing, cement production, certain product line in steel industry,pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, etc. Therefore, they are representing a very important element of above mentioned technologicprocesses and production line. Especially, the vibratory conveyors and feeders that operate in the resonant mode are used in industrialapplications because of their energy efficiency increasing. The relatively small input energy of actuator drive causes intensivelyvibrations of load carry element (LCE) of vibratory conveyor. The intensity of the vibrations directly affects on gravimetric flow (massflow) and therefore on the productivity of vibratory conveyors. To ensure a reliable and energy-efficient operation of vibratoryconveyors, it is necessary to have a reliable and accurate measurement and testing of electrical and mechanical quantities. A hardwareand software implementation of the testing and measurement system of resonant vibratory conveyor with electromagnetic drive, andtheir corresponding data acquisition platform are presented in this paper. The experimental results obtained on a real laboratory setupof resonant vibratory conveyor are also shown.
Cell-accurate optical mapping across the entire developing heart
Authors: Weber Michael , Scherf Nico , Meyer Alexander M , Panáková Daniela , Kohl Peter , Huisken Jan
Published: December 2017

Organogenesis depends on orchestrated interactions between individual cells and morphogenetically relevant cues at the tissue level. This is true for the heart, whose function critically relies on well-ordered communication between neighboring cells, which is established and fine-tuned during embryonic development. For an integrated understanding of the development of structure and function, we need to move from isolated snap-shot observations of either microscopic or macroscopic parameters to simultaneous and, ideally continuous, cell-to-organ scale imaging. We introduce cell-accurate three-dimensional Ca2+-mapping of all cells in the entire electro-mechanically uncoupled heart during the looping stage of live embryonic zebrafish, using high-speed light sheet microscopy and tailored image processing and analysis. We show how myocardial region-specific heterogeneity in cell function emerges during early development and how structural patterning goes hand-in-hand with functional maturation of the entire heart. Our method opens the way to systematic, scale-bridging, in vivo studies of vertebrate organogenesis by cell-accurate structure-function mapping across entire organs.
Bærekraftig utvikling gjennom skapende praksis
Authors: Lutnæs Eva , Fallingen Nina
Published: December 2017

Faget Kunst og håndverk er grunnskolens linse til gjenstandenes, byggenes og bildenes verden; det allmenndannende faget innen visuell og materiell kultur. Faget rommer praktisk problemløsning, estetiske erfaringer, nærhet til materialer og et vurderende blikk. Kunst- og håndverkslærererne står i verkstedet med materialene i hendene og har mulighet til å sette små dagligdagse handlinger og meninger inn i en større sammenheng og utfordre elever til å ta ansvar for det de gjør og det de kanskje velger å ignorere. Artikkelen søker å forsterke fagets samfunnsmandat gjennom å peke på hvilket potensial det har til å fremme økoliteracy og kimer til å bebo denne verden bedre gjennom fire innganger: estetisk erfaring, innovasjon, praktisk arbeid og kritisk refleksjon.
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness
Authors: Derstine Mia , Small Elan , Davis Andrew M.
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Wilderness Medical Society’s 2024 recommendations on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute altitude illness.
Fentanyl, Heroin, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine Analyte Concentrations in Urine Drug Testing Specimens
Authors: Huhn Andrew S. , Whitley Penn , Bolin B. Levi , Dunn Kelly E.
Published: October 2024

Importance

The US is experiencing a protracted drug overdose crisis primarily associated with exposure to illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), methamphetamine, and cocaine. Overdose risk and treatment responses may be directly affected by absolute drug exposure concentrations and drug use prevalence.

Objective

To quantify changes in absolute drug exposure concentrations from 2013 to 2023.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study analyzed urine drug testing (UDT) results from urine specimens collected between January 1, 2013, and August 22, 2023, in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Urine specimens were obtained from patients aged 18 years or older who presented to substance use disorder treatment clinics. The UDT was ordered by clinicians based on medical necessity.

Exposures

Urine specimens were analyzed for the following drugs or metabolites (analytes tested in parentheses): fentanyl (fentanyl), heroin (6-monoacetylmorphine), cocaine (benzoylecgonine), and methamphetamine (methamphetamine) using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Relative concentrations of fentanyl, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Creatinine-normalized drug concentration values were log-transformed prior to visualization and statistical analyses. The Mann-Kendall trend test was performed to examine trends over time. To estimate the geospatial and temporal patterns of drug concentration, a second series of models (1 for each drug) with an interaction effect for clinic location and collection year were fit.

Results

A total of 921 931 unique UDT samples were collected from patients (549 042 males [59.6%]; median [IQR] age, 34 [27-44] years). The adjusted fentanyl concentration in urine specimens was 38.23 (95% CI, 35.93-40.67) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 4.61 (95% CI, 3.59-5.91) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. The adjusted methamphetamine concentration was 3461.59 (95% CI, 3271.88-3662.30) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 665.27 (95% CI, 608.51-727.32) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. The adjusted cocaine concentration was 1122.23 (95% CI, 1032.41-1219.87) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 559.71 (95% CI, 524.69-597.06) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. The adjusted heroin concentration was 58.36 (95% CI, 48.26-70.58) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 146.59 (95% CI, 136.06-157.92) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. Drug concentrations varied across US Census divisions.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that absolute concentrations of fentanyl, methamphetamine, and cocaine in urine specimens increased from 2013 to 2023, with a decrease in heroin concentration during that period. The findings suggest that exposure to these substances, as well as the illicit drug supply, has fundamentally changed in many parts of the US, highlighting the need to reinforce surveillance initiatives and accelerate efforts to treat individuals with IMF and/or stimulant exposure.
Cancer Drug Access and Innovation Under the Inflation Reduction Act—A Balancing Act
Authors: Dusetzina Stacie B. , David Frank S.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint explores whether the Inflation Reduction Act’s provisions and price negotiations could affect investment in trials of new oncology therapies or indications.
Hairy Kidneys and Sclerotic Bone Lesions
Authors: Velez-Hernandez Juan Esteban , Geyer Julia T. , Saldarriaga Mateo Mejia
Published: October 2024

A 72-year-old man with a history of polycythemia vera (positive for JAK2 V617F) presented with several months of functional decline and weight loss. An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed soft tissue infiltrates and sclerosis of the perirenal spaces with fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. What is your diagnosis?
Insular monoaminergic deficits in prodromal α‐synucleinopathies
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Galli Alice , Zatti Cinzia , Placidi Fabio , Izzi Francesca , Premi Enrico , Caminiti Silvia P. , Presotto Luca , Rizzardi Andrea , Catania Marcello , Lupini Alessandro , Purin Leandro , Pasolini Maria P. , Mercuri Nicola B. , Chiaravalotti Agostino , Fernandes Mariana , Calvello Carmen , Lucchini Silvia , Bertagna Francesco , Paghera Barbara , Perani Daniela , Berg Daniela , Padovani Alessandro , Liguori Claudio
Published: October 2024

Methods

This study assessed data from two cohorts of patients with alpha‐synucleinopathies (University of Brescia and University of Rome Tor‐Vergata cohorts). Consecutive participants with video‐polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD, Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and controls underwent neurological, clinical and 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT imaging assessments. Individuals with iRBD were longitudinally monitored to collect clinical phenoconversion to PD or DLB. The main outcome was to identify whole brain 123 I‐FP‐CIT SPECT measures reflecting monoaminergic deficits in each clinical group as compared to controls.

Results

The cohort (n = 184) included 45 patients with iRBD, 47 PD, 42 DLB and 50 age‐matched controls. Individuals with iRBD were categorized as RBD‐DAT− (n = 32) and RBD‐DAT+ (n = 13), according to nigrostriatal assessment used in clinical practice. Compared to controls, RBD‐DAT− showed an early involvement of the left insula, which increased in RBD‐DAT+, and was present in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Longitudinal cox regression analyses revealed a higher risk of phenoconversion in individuals with iRBD and insular monoaminergic deficits [HR = 3.387; CI 95%: 1.18–10.27].

Interpretation

In this study, altered insular monoaminergic binding in iRBD was associated with phenoconversion to DLB or PD. These findings may provide a helpful stratification approach for future pharmacological or non‐pharmacological interventions.
Realizing Ultrahigh Conversion Efficiency of ≈9.0% in YbCd2Sb2/Mg3Sb2 Zintl Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Hu Jinsuo , Sun Yuxin , Shi Wenjing , Wu Hao , Zhu Jianbo , Cheng Jinxuan , Jiao Lei , Jiang Xiaohan , Xie Liangjun , Qu Nuo , Li Fushan , Yu Zhiyuan , Zhang Qian , Liu Zihang , Guo Fengkai , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe
Published: October 2024

Recently, YbCd2Sb2‐based Zintl compounds have been widely investigated owing to their extraordinary thermoelectric (TE) performance. However, its p orbitals of anions that determined the valence band structure are split due to crystal field splitting that provides a good platform for band manipulation by doping/alloying and, more importantly, the YbCd2Sb2‐based device has yet to be reported. In this work, single‐phase YbCd1.5Zn0.5Sb2 is successfully obtained through precise chemical composition control. Then, YbMg2Sb2‐alloying increases the cationic vacancy defect formation energy and further optimizes carrier concentration. Moreover, the band structure of YbCd1.5Zn0.5Sb2 is subtly manipulated, and the underlying mechanism is experimentally explored. Combined with the reduced lattice thermal conductivity, a high peak ZT value of ∼1.43 at 700 K is obtained for YbCd1.425Zn0.475Mg0.1Sb2. Subsequently, choosing Fe90Sb10 as the diffusion barrier layer and adopting the transient liquid phase bonding technique, for the first time, it is demonstrated that YbCd2Sb2/Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 TE module with an ultrahigh conversion efficiency of ≈9.0% at a heat difference of 430 K. More importantly, this module displays good thermal stability. This work paves the way for YbCd2Sb2 materials and devices in mid‐temperature heat recovery.
AI‐Driven Electrolyte Additive Selection to Boost Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries Stability
Authors: Li Haobo , Hao Junnan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: October 2024

In tackling the stability challenge of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) for large‐scale energy storage, the adoption of electrolyte additive emerges as a practical solution. Unlike current trial‐and‐error methods for selecting electrolyte additives, a data‐driven strategy is proposed using theoretically computed surface free energy as a stability descriptor, benchmarked against experimental results. Numerous additives are calculated from existing literature, forming a database for machine learning (ML) training. Importantly, this ML model relies solely on experimental values, effectively addressing the challenge of large solvent molecule models that are difficult to handle with quantum chemistry computation. The interpretable linear regression algorithm identifies the number of heavy atoms in the additive molecule and the liquid surface tension as key factors. Artificial intelligence (AI) clustering categorizes additive molecules, identifying regions with the most significant impact on enhancing battery stability. Experimental verification successfully confirms the exceptional performance of 1,2,3‐butanetriol and acetone in the optimal region. This integrated methodology, combining theoretical models, data‐driven ML, and experimental validation, provides insights into the rational design of battery electrolyte additives.
Spin‐Polarized PdCu–Fe3O4 In‐Plane Heterostructures with Tandem Catalytic Mechanism for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Li Menggang , Han Guanghui , Tian Fenyang , Tao Lu , Fu Linke , Li Lu , Zhou Chenhui , He Lin , Lin Fangxu , Zhang Shipeng , Yang Weiwei , Ke Xiaoxing , Luo Mingchuan , Yu Yongsheng , Xu Bingjun , Guo Shaojun
Published: October 2024

Alloying has significantly upgraded the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pd‐based catalysts through regulating the thermodynamics of oxygenated intermediates. However, the unsatisfactory activation ability of Pd‐based alloys toward O2 molecules limits further improvement of ORR kinetics. Herein, the precise synthesis of nanosheet assemblies of spin‐polarized PdCu–Fe3O4 in‐plane heterostructures for drastically activating O2 molecules and boosting ORR kinetics is reported. It is demonstrated that the deliberate‐engineered in‐plane heterostructures not only tailor the d‐band center of Pd sites with weakened adsorption of oxygenated intermediates but also endow electrophilic Fe sites with strong ability to activate O2 molecules, which make PdCu–Fe3O4 in‐plane heterostructures exhibit the highest ORR specific activity among the state‐of‐art Pd‐based catalysts so far. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy and theoretical investigations reveal a tandem catalytic mechanism on PdCu–Fe3O4─Fe sites that initially activate molecular O2 and generate oxygenated intermediates being transferred to Pd sites to finish the subsequent proton‐coupled electron transfer steps.
Synthesis of Quinoxaline‐2,3‐diamines via Palladium‐Catalysed Double Isocyanide Insertion Cyclization
Authors: Dai Baiyun , Pan Yongzhou , Wang Xu , Fu Jinping , Tang Haitao , Yi Yi , Pan Yingming
Published: October 2024

An approach for the synthesis of quinoxaline‐2,3‐diamines is reported using a palladium‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of o‐phenylenediamines and isocyanides. Various quinoxaline‐2,3‐diamines could be obtained in 25%–95% yields at 100 °C for 3 h. The key to the success of this protocol involves the formation of two C−N and one C−C bonds via the double insertion of isocyanide.
HCP5 Derived Novel Microprotein Triggers Progression of Gastric Cancer through Regulating Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Qiuhui , Guo Guoqing , Chen Yuli , Lu Lu , Li Hanyang , Zhou Zihan , Guo Jiahao , Gan Xiongkang , Hu Yanming , Li Qiunuo , Sun Ming , Liu Xianghua
Published: October 2024

The context of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contains many unannotated open reading frames (ORFs). These ORFs potentially encode novel proteins or peptides with crucial roles in various human cancers, yet the translational potential of these lncRNAs and the functions of the protein products remain largely unexplored, especially in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, a comprehensive analysis is performed and identified a GC associated lncRNA known as HCP5, which contains a non‐canonical ORF. Further analysis showed that HCP5‐132aa, a microprotein encoded by HCP5 harboring this ORF, is highly expressed in GC cells and tissues, and can promote the proliferation of GC cells by inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, HCP5‐132aa enhances the interaction between YBX1 and ELAVL1, facilitates recognition of YBX1 at the m5C site in the 3′UTR of SLC7A11 and G6PD mRNA, and preserves their stability via ELAVL1. By employing a Cas9/sgRNA delivery system with AAV in vivo, effectively knocked out the HCP5‐132aa and inhibition of tumor growth in a patient‐derived xenograft model are achieved. These findings demonstrate that the novel protein HCP5‐132aa, derived from lncRNA HCP5, mediates the repression of ferroptosis, thereby driving the progression of GC and identifying a new potential therapeutic target for its treatment.
Furfural: An Efficient Platform Molecule as a CO Surrogate in Palladium Catalysed Synthesis of α, β‐Alkynylamides
Authors: Shinde Shraddha D. , Kuchkina Nina , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Shifrina Zinaida
Published: October 2024

Biomass‐derived furfural was used as a CO surrogate for the first time in the oxidative N‐dealkylation/carbonylation of various aliphatic and cyclic tertiary amines with terminal alkynes to produce alk‐2‐ynamides. This reaction employed O2 as an ideal oxidising agent and used a Pd/C catalyst with KI as an additive in a base free and ligand free condition. Notably, the selective sp3 C−N bond cleavage of tertiary amines led to its potential application as an amine source. The typical and simple route provides another option for producing a broad variety of alk‐2‐ynamide derivatives in environmentally friendly and efficient way under mild conditions. This method also displays notable reusability.
Strukturrevision von Halisphingosin A durch Totalsynthese und Bioaktivitätsstudien
Authors: Sauer Maria , Kany Andreas M. , Götze Sebastian , Müller Rolf , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: October 2024

Sphingoidbasen sind wichtige bioaktive Lipide, die in einer Vielzahl von Organismen vorkommen, wo sie als Bausteine für die Biosynthese von Sphingolipiden dienen, und zudem entscheidende zelluläre physiologische Prozesse regulieren. Hier beschreiben wir die Totalsynthese und Strukturrevision von Halisphingosin A, einer Sphingoidbase, die ursprünglich aus Meeresschwämmen isoliert wurde. Um die Unstimmigkeiten in der NMR‐Interpretation im Zusammenhang mit der Strukturaufklärung dieses Naturstoffes zu klären, haben wir eine Syntheseroute entwickelt, welche den Zugang zu mehreren Regio‐ und Stereoisomeren der vorgeschlagenen Kernstruktur von Halisphingosin A ermöglicht. Der Schlüsselschritt basiert auf einer enantioselektiven Henry‐Reaktion, welche es ermöglichte eine Substanzbibliothek aus 32 vollständig charakterisierten synthetischen Regio‐ und Stereoisomeren herzustellen. Basierend auf diesem Datensatz konnte die Struktur von Halisphingosin A als (2R,3R,8R,Z)‐2‐Aminooctadec‐9‐en‐1,3,8‐triol identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus zeigten Bioaktivitätsstudien, dass die unterschiedlichen Regioisomere von Halisphingosin A Struktur‐abhängige antimikrobielle und zytotoxische Eigenschaften besitzen. Validierte analytische Datensätze von ungewöhnlichen Sphingoidbasen, wie in dieser Studie, ermöglichen nicht nur präzisere ökologisch‐geprägte metabolomische Studien, sondern ermöglichen auch die Entwicklung von Inhibitoren des Sphingolipidstoffwechsels sowie die Erforschung von neuen Antagonisten der Sphingolipidbasen‐Rezeptoren.
Boosting Propane Dehydrogenation to Propylene via Electron Hole‐Hydrogen Coupling on Cobalt Metal Surface
Authors: Xu Dong , Li Qi‐Yuan , Su Qing‐Xu , Xia Si‐Yuan , Xu Yu‐Shuai , Leng Bing‐Liang , Lin Xiu , Fan Liu‐Yin , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Li Xin‐Hao
Published: October 2024

Nonoxidative dehydrogenation of propane is useful for the high selectivity to propylene but is suffering from the heavy coke deposition on the catalyst surface. Herein, we present a proof‐of‐concept application of a hole‐hydrogen (H) couple on a metallic cobalt surface to decrease the deactivation rate. The coupled H atoms on the Cobalt (Co) surface, partially resulting from propane dehydrogenation, enabled the desorption of propylene to avoid deep hydrogenolysis and coke deposition and realize selective and durable propylene production, while conventional Co metal‐based catalysts do not generate propylene. The optimized hole‐H coupled Co catalyst provided a low deactivation rate (0.0036 h−1) and a high turnover frequency (55.6 h−1) for propylene production with a high propane flux (48 vol.% C3H8 in gas feeds) at 550 °C.
Chaperone‐Derived Copper(I)‐Binding Peptide Nanofibers Disrupt Copper Homeostasis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Jeena M. T. , Link Julian , Zhang Jian , Harley Iain , Turunen Petri , Graf Robert , Wagner Manfred , Baptista Luis Andre , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Cui Liyang , Lieberwirth Ingo , Landfester Katharina , Rao Jianghong , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja
Published: October 2024

Copper (Cu) is a transition metal that plays crucial roles in cellular metabolism. Cu+ homeostasis is upregulated in many cancers and contributes to tumorigenesis. However, therapeutic strategies to target Cu+ homeostasis in cancer cells are rarely explored because small molecule Cu+ chelators have poor binding affinity in comparison to the intracellular Cu+ chaperones, enzymes, or ligands. To address this challenge, we introduce a Cu+ chaperone‐inspired supramolecular approach to disrupt Cu+ homeostasis in cancer cells that induces programmed cell death. The Nap‐FFMTCGGCR peptide self‐assembles into nanofibers inside cancer cells with high binding affinity and selectivity for Cu+ due to the presence of the unique MTCGGC motif, which is conserved in intracellular Cu+ chaperones. Nap‐FFMTCGGCR exhibits cytotoxicity towards triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231), impairs the activity of Cu+ dependent co‐chaperone super oxide dismutase1 (SOD1), and induces oxidative stress. In contrast, Nap‐FFMTCGGCR has minimal impact on normal HEK 293T cells. Control peptides show that the self‐assembly and Cu+ binding must work in synergy to successfully disrupt Cu+ homeostasis. We show that assembly‐enhanced affinity for metal ions opens new therapeutic strategies to address disease‐relevant metal ion homeostasis.
Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizers: A review on bio‐based and smart coating materials
Authors: Mendonca Cidreira Anne Carolyne , Wei Lin , Aldekhail Abdulkarim , Islam Rubel Robiul
Published: October 2024

Modern society demands transitioning to sustainable agriculture to alleviate environmental effects. Traditional nitrogen fertilizers, like urea, lead to undesirable leaching, runoff losses, and low nutrient use efficiency in crops upon contact with water. Controlled‐release fertilizers (CRFs) present a promising solution by mitigating nutrient loss and enhancing plant uptake. However, concerns arise with synthetic polymer‐coated fertilizers, as they may not degrade in soil and can impact microbial activity. This review focuses on bio‐based coatings for CRFs, summarizing their performance over the past decade in the release properties in water and soil, water retention, biodegradability, and evaluating their efficacy in greenhouse and field trials. Additionally, the review explores innovative strategies for smart coating materials in CRF development, including pH‐sensitive, thermos‐sensitive, enzymatic‐sensitive, and self‐healing technologies. This critical evaluation aims to promote the development of more effective and sustainable fertilizers for agriculture.
Effect of β‐nucleating agents on structure and mechanical properties of dynamic crosslinked ethylene‐octene random copolymer/polypropylene and ethylene‐octene block copolymer/polypropylene blends
Authors: Wang Yuanxia , Wan Yujiang , Su Qunfeng , Xing Enhan , Hao Qi , Zhang Chenguang , Shi Ying , Shen Jiaqi , Song Lixin , Li Xianliang
Published: October 2024

Ethylene‐octene block copolymer (OBC) and ethylene‐octene random copolymer (ORC) replacing EPDM as rubber phase in EPDM/PP vulcanizates with and without β‐nucleating agent are prepared in this study. The effect of β‐nucleating agent and different chain structure of ethylene‐octene copolymers on dynamic crosslinked ORC/PP and OBC/OBC blends are studied. The dynamic crosslinked ORC/PP and OBC/PP result in noticeable phase separation between the elastomer phase and PP phase, as indicated by the presence of two crystallization peaks. β‐crystals was proved by the Wide‐Angle X‐ray Diffraction result. β‐nucleating agent finer the crystals of ORC/PP and OBC/PP blends, results in better mechanical property than blends without β‐nucleating agent. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that the α transition and β transition in ORC/PP tend to exhibit broad peaks, suggesting improved compatibility between ORC and PP. However, due to the effect of β‐nucleating agent, the α transition and β transition of β‐ORC/PP are distinctly separated. The β‐OBC/PP shows higher elongation than β‐ORC/PP. The interfacial interaction between ORC and PP is better than OBC and PP, evidenced by the elongation at break of crosslinked OBC exceeds that of crosslinked ORC by 176%, but β‐OBC/PP shows only a 124% increase in elongation at break over β‐ORC/PP.
Solid‐State Electrolytes for Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Qi Xianhai , Liu Dapeng , Yu Haohan , Fu Zerui , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Li‐air batteries (LABs) have attracted widespread attention due to their extremely high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the practical application of liquid‐stateLABs is substantially hindered by safety concerns, including flammability, leakage, and electrolyte decomposition. In comparison, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) possess excellent mechanical strength, high safety, good stability, and non‐flammable characteristics, offering a feasible strategy for achieving stable and practical LABs. In this review, we will focus on the development and challenges of solid‐state lithium‐air batteries (SSLABs), providing an overview of various types of SSEs and discussing the interfacial issues within SSLABs along with potential solutions, and finally propose strategies and outlooks for advanced SSLABs. It is expected that this review will provide a systematic understanding and theoretical framework to guide the design of high‐performance SSLABs.
Scale sensitivity of ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing with consideration of feedstock cost
Authors: Hoey Madeline , Clark Robin , Webb Erin , Lynd Lee
Published: October 2024

We examine feedstock cost and minimum selling price for ethanol production from corn stover as a function of scale, stover yield, participation rate, and price incentives for two conversion technologies: a conventional base case featuring thermochemical pretreatment with added cellulase, and an advanced case featuring consolidated bioprocessing with cotreatment (C‐CBP). Delivered feedstock cost ranged from $85 Mg−1 at small (10 million gallons year−1 or ~38 million L year−1) scale with high yield and participation rates to $124 Mg−1 at large scale (60 million gallons year−1 or 227 million L year−1) and low yield and participation rates. The minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) was approximately twofold lower for the advanced case compared with the base case. The payback period was several times lower for the advanced case compared with the base case, with increasing disparity at smaller scales, and was highly sensitive to ethanol price supports. For both C‐CBP and the conventional processing paradigm, MESP decreased with increasing scale, indicating that the cost penalty due to higher feedstock transport distances was more than outweighed by lower capital costs. However, the cost penalty for operation at small scale, expressed in $ gallon−1 ethanol, is lower for C‐CBP than for the conventional paradigm by roughly twofold. Particularly for initial applications of C‐CBP, we speculate that this cost penalty will likely be modest compared with the anticipated benefits of small‐scale operation such as increased opportunity to use existing infrastructure, easier plant siting and supply chain establishment, and lower total investment required.
Personal Beauty Values: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measurement Scale
Authors: Glückstad Fumiko Kano , Kobayashi Hiromi , Seddig Daniel , Davidov Eldad , Nakamura Rie
Published: October 2024

Due to the explosive growth of social media technology worldwide, consumers are exposed to abundant stimuli across cultures that affect their internalization of societal ideal of beauty and the formation of self‐concept. In response to this, the beauty industry is facing challenges to personalize their offerings to an array of diverse consumers who are seeking brands that resonate with their values and foster a true emotional bond. Consumers' personal value with respect to beauty is an important antecedent of the internalization of societal ideal of beauty, which eventually control their appearance‐conscious emotions and behaviors, thereby play an important role for understanding the psychological mechanisms that underlie diverse beautification procedures. However, a systematic scale to measure personal beauty values of consumers across cultures has yet to be established. In this article, we attempt to bridge this gap by developing, measuring, and validating a new Personal Beauty Values Scale through a series of studies using independent samples from the United States (n = 348, n = 1039), the United Kingdom (n = 401, n = 396), Japan (n = 1011), and Denmark (n = 981). Subsequently, we investigate influences of personal beauty values on one of the critical beautification procedures invasive to the human body, that is, cosmetic surgery. Specifically, the nomological validation using the U.S. sample (n = 1039) demonstrated that the distinct characteristics of the five personal beauty values dimensions differently affected appearance‐conscious emotions such as shame and hubristic pride, thereby unveiling the psychological mechanism behind consideration of cosmetic surgery.
Optimization of the Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Cistus Salvifolius L. Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Christou Atalanti , Nikola Fotini , Goulas Vlasios
Published: October 2024

The current work aims to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of Cistus salviifolius L. (aerial parts) antioxidative phenolic compounds using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design has been conducted to investigate the effect of four factors, namely: (i) percentage of ethanol (50–90 %, v/v), (ii) temperature (40–80 °C), (iii) solvent‐solid ratio (10–50 mL g−1) and (iv) extraction time (5–25 min) on four responses, namely: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Based on the desirability index, UAE with 50 % (v/v) ethanol, at 80 °C, using a solvent‐solid ratio of 32.24 mL g−1, for 21 min resulted in the maximum recovery of phenolic antioxidants. Under optimum conditions, the experimental values of TPC, TFC, % DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP were 171.67±4.69 mg GAE g−1, 26.87±0.78 mg CE g−1, 81.31±0.16 %, and 1038.22±7.69 μmol TE g−1, respectively. Results shows a reasonable agreement of experimental values with the predicted ones; the absolute error values being in all cases lower than 2.90 %. The present work provide a developed eco‐friendly extarction method that is appropriate for the improved recovery of phenolic antioxidants from C. salviifolius L.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Study of Para‐Substituted Derivatives of N‐Benzyl‐3‐Methylbuten‐2‐Enamides
Authors: Hu Wenjie , Liu Yinqiu , Yu Jingyi
Published: October 2024

In order to deeply explore the effect of para‐substituents on the antibacterial activity of N‐benzyl‐3‐methylbuten‐2‐ enamide derivatives, we elaborately synthesized three such para‐substituted derivatives (compound a: N‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl)‐3‐methylbut‐2‐ enamide; compound b: N‐(4‐isobutoxybenzyl)‐3‐ methylbut‐2‐enamide; compound c: N‐(4‐isopropoxybenzyl) −3‐methylbut‐2‐ enamide), of which the structures were determined by ways of single crystal X‐ray diffraction data analysis mainly. The antibacterial performance experiments showed that compounds a, b and c were evaluated for their antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter aerogenes) activities. Among them, compounds a, b and c have an effective antibacterial reagents for E. coli exhibiting MIC values of 0.01, 0.01 and 0.01 g/mL, respectively, but inactive for E. aerogenes. In addition, compounds b and c have better activity than compound a against S. aureus with MIC values of 0.01 and 0.02 g/mL. These results provide an important basis for further study of the antibacterial properties and structure‐activity relationship of these compounds, and are expected to provide valuable reference for the development of new antibacterial drugs.
Light‐driven Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase Catalysis Mediated by Type I Photosensitizers
Authors: Sepulchro Ana Gabriela Veiga , Vacilotto Milena Moreira , Dias Lucas D. , Pellegrini Vanessa O. A. , Velasco. Josman , Inada Natalia M. , Segato Fernando , Polikarpov Igor
Published: October 2024

The use of light as abundant, renewable, and clean energy source to boost lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) reactions represents an exciting and yet under‐explored opportunity. Herein we demonstrated that photosensitizers, commonly used in photodynamic therapy, which act through the photocatalytic Type I mechanism can drive the oxidation of PASC by LPMOs, whereas Type II photosensitizers are not capable of promoting the LPMO activity. We analyzed Type I and Type II photosensitizers (methylene blue and tetraiodide salt of meso‐tetrakis‐(4‐N‐methylpyridyl) porphyrin, respectively) and demonstrated that, even without an addition of external reductant, Type I was capable of boosting Thermothelomyces thermophila MtLPMO9A activity in the presence of light. We also evaluated the photobiosystem in the presence and/or absence of molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and investigated the role of superoxide radical in the methylene blue fueled reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), a chemical scavenger of H2O2, acts by safeguarding the enzyme from oxidative damage caused by accumulation of H2O2 early in photosensitizer‐driven LPMO reactions. Finally, the results of the present work demonstrated that light‐driven LPMO reactions mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) Type I photosensitizers, which also includes molecules such as curcumin and riboflavin, is a general phenomenon.
Ferrocenyl β‐Diketonate Compounds: Extended Ring Systems for Improved Anticancer Activity
Authors: Hofmann Benjamin J. , Aljohani Enas T. , Cicovacki Natalia , Lee Ivan , Warren Derek T. , Sobolewski Anastasia , Stringer Tameryn , Lord Rianne M.
Published: October 2024

A library of ferrocenyl β‐diketonate compounds with varying degrees of aromatic functionality have been synthesized and fully characterized. This includes cyclic voltammetry and the analysis of four new structures by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compounds cytotoxic potential has been determined by MTT screening against pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa‐2), ovarian adenocarcinoma (A2780), breast adenocarcinomas (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7) and normal epithelial retinal (ARPE‐19). The compounds show a general trend, where increasing the number of aromatic rings in the molecule yields an increase in cytotoxicity and follows the trend anthracenyl>naphthyl>phenyl>methyl. The compounds are particularly sensitive to the triple negative cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231, and the potential modes of action have been studied by production of reactive oxygen species using fluorescence microscopy and cell morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy. All assays highlight the ferrocenyl β‐diketonate with an anthracenyl substituent to be the lead compound in this library. The decomposition of this compound was also observed within cells, yielding a cytotoxic fluorescent molecule, which has been visualized by confocal microscopy.
Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Bimodal Sensor Based on Copper Modified g‐C3N4 for Nitrate Detection
Authors: Aidli Wafa , Fumagalli Daniele , Helli Hanieh , Falciola Luigi , Pifferi Valentina
Published: October 2024

Nitrates (NO3‐) are crucial in agricultural practices and the food industry, but their excessive presence in water can lead to adverse health effects. Their leaching into water sources necessitates regular monitoring. This study introduces a novel bimodal electrochemical (EC)/photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor, utilizing copper‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (Cu/g‐C3N4), designed for precise nitrate determination. The structural morphology and chemical composition of the Cu/g‐C3N4 nanocomposite were meticulously examined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimization of copper loading in g‐C3N4 was conducted, and the electrochemical behavior and light irradiation interaction of various Cu/g‐C3N4 nanocomposites were systematically studied. The investigation revealed that 20 % Cu/g‐C3N4 represented the optimal doping ratio, establishing the most promising candidate for NO3‐. Nitrates were consistently measured using both EC and PEC techniques, yielding Limits of Detection (LoD) of 3.75 and 9.60 ppm, respectively. The sensor‘s robust performance was further demonstrated in the presence of possible interferents. The proposed sensors were also successfully used to detect NO3‐ in commercial water. This bimodal sensor presents a promising approach for accurate nitrate determination, attesting to its potential for effective cross‐validation.
On Hidden Rank Deficiency in MCR Problems
Authors: Andersons Tomass , Sawall Mathias , Beese Martina , Kubis Christoph , Neymeyr Klaus
Published: October 2024

Pure component decomposition problems in chemometrics can be classified into rank‐regular and rank‐deficient problems. Rank‐deficient problems are characterized by a spectral data matrix that has a lower rank than the number of chemical species. However, it is possible that there exists rank‐regular factorization of the spectral data matrix, but none of these solutions can be interpreted chemically, and only a solution of the MCR problem with rank deficiency is chemically meaningful. Then we say that the underlying problem suffers from a hidden rank deficiency. In this paper, MCR problems with hidden rank deficiency are introduced and analyzed with several examples for problems of rank 2 and rank 3. The area of feasible solutions is determined with the help of additional constraints on the solution.
Elevating Nonlinear Optical Response Through D‐Electron Modulation in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lu Xin , Huo Qingwei , Li Jiaqi , Li Bo , Yu Xinlei , Sun Xianshun , Cheng Longjiu , Zhou Hongping , Tian Yupeng , Li Dandan
Published: October 2024

Electronic structure and excited state behavior is of pronounced influence on regulation of nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Herein, a serials of transition metal ions bearing different d‐electron numbers were in situ coordinated within porphyrinic metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), creating NLO‐responsive M‐metal (metal=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) frameworks. It demonstrated that the NLO properties can be optimized with the increased occupancy of the d‐shell, which enhances the degree of delocalization. Specifically, the full‐filled (d10) electron configuration of Zn2+ stabilizes the electronic structure, combination with π–π* local excitation character of M−Zn, promoting charge transfer process and resulting in outstanding NLO properties. Moreover, parameters related to the nonlinear process (β, n2, Imχ(3), Reχ(3) and χ(3)) of M−Zn are calculated to be higher than those of other materials, consistent with theoretical calculations. This work paves the way for NLO modulation based on electronic analysis and provides a promising approach for constructing high‐performance NLO materials.
A Four‐Gene Autophagy‐Related Prognostic Model Signature and Its Association With Immune Phenotype in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luo Lumeng , Deng Jiaying , Tang Qiu
Published: October 2024

Background

In the era of immunotherapy, there is a critical need for effective biomarkers to improve outcome prediction and guide treatment decisions for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We hypothesized that the immune contexture of LUSC may be influenced by tumor intrinsic events, such as autophagy.

Aims

We aimed to develop an autophagy‐related risk signature and assess its predictive value for immune phenotype.

Methods and Results

Expression profiles of autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) in LUSC samples were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases. Survival analyses were conducted to identify survival‐related ARGs and construct a risk signature using the Random Forest algorithm. Four ARGs (CFLAR, RGS19, PINK1, and CTSD) with the most significant prognostic value were selected to construct the risk signature. Patients in the high‐risk group exhibited worse prognosis than those in the low‐risk group (p < 0.0001 in TCGA; p < 0.01 in GEO) and the risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor. We observed that the high‐risk group displayed an immune‐suppressive status and showed higher levels of infiltrating regulatory T cells and macrophages, which are associated with poorer outcomes. Additionally, the risk score exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the expression of PD‐1 and CTLA4, as well as the estimate score and immune score.

Conclusion

This study provided an effective autophagy‐related prognostic signature, which could also predict the immune phenotype.
Thermodynamic Modeling of an Aqueous N, N‐Dimethyldipropylenetriamine and Benzylamine Blend for Efficient CO2 Capture
Authors: Banerjee Sirshendu , Nath Samanta Amar , Das Bimal , Kumar Mondal Bikash
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the carbon dioxide (CO2) capture capabilities of a novel aqueous blend of N,N‐dimethyldipropylenetriamine (DMDPTA) and benzylamine (BA). The solvent properties such density, vapor‐ liquid equilibrium (VLE) of CO2 in the solvent, CO2 absorption enthalpy are evaluated experimentally for solvent composition of (5 mass % DMDPTA+25 mass % BA), (10 mass % DMDPTA+20 mass % BA), and (15 mass % DMDPTA+15 mass % BA). Solvent density were measured in the temperature range of 303 K–333 K and correlated using Redlich‐Kister excess molar volume model, with a low average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 0.014. VLE data was measured using a custom‐made stirred VLE cell, within CO2 partial pressure range of 2–200 kPa and at temperatures 313 K, 323 K and 333 K. Equilibrium CO2 solubility data were correlated using a modified Kent–Eisenberg model, achieving an AARD of 1.5 %. Enthalpy of CO2 absorption was measured at 313 K using a Meter Toledo reaction calorimeter. Results indicated that under similar process conditions and solvent composition, (DMDPTA+BA) blends exhibited significantly higher CO2 loading and low absorption enthalpy compared to aqueous BA and monoethanolamine solvent alone indicating the potential of (DMDPTA+BA) blend as efficient CO2 capture solvent.
Impact of flooding at the early reproductive growth stage on soybean yield and seed composition
Authors: Wu Chengjun , Florez‐Palacios Liliana , Acuna Andrea , Harrison Derrick , Rogers Daniel , Carlin John , Mozzoni Leandro , Nguyen Henry T. , Shannon Grover , Vieira Caio Canella
Published: October 2024

Flooding stress is a growing threat to global soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production as the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitations are increasing due to climate change. Soybean is highly sensitive to flooding and substantial yield losses are observed due to a cascade of negative physiological responses induced by hypoxia. Hence, there is a pressing need for the development of flood‐tolerant genotypes. This study evaluated the grain yield and seed protein and oil content of 31 soybean genotypes over 2 years under both non‐flooding and flooding conditions, where flooding entailed a 4‐day partial water submergence during the early reproductive growth stages R1/R2. Mixed‐effects linear models were utilized to assess the impact of flood damage scores (FDSs, 1–4 scale) on observed phenotypes, as well as differences in observed phenotypes between tolerant, moderate, and susceptible genotypes across flooding and non‐flooding treatments. No significant impact of FDS was observed for seed protein and oil content. In addition, no significant differences in these phenotypes were observed between flooding and non‐flooding treatments across the various genotype categories. On average, for each unit increase in FDS, grain yield decreased by 432.7 kg ha−1 (17.4%). Tolerant genotypes experienced roughly 33% yield losses between flooding and non‐flooding treatments, while moderate and susceptible genotypes experienced 44% and 51% yield losses, respectively. The advancements in genomics and phenomics are promising for the identification and incorporation of novel flood‐tolerant alleles through plant breeding, potentially mitigating flooding‐induced yield losses across diverse environmental conditions.