bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Diversity and Argentophilic Interactions in Small Phosphine Silver(I) Thiolate Clusters
Authors: Caballero‐Muñoz Alejandra , Guevara‐Vela José Manuel , Fernández‐Alarcón Alberto , Valentín‐Rodríguez Mónica A. , Flores‐Álamo Marcos , Rocha‐Rinza Tomás , Torrens Hugo , Moreno‐Alcántar Guillermo
Published: May 2021

Silver(I) coordination compounds display an interesting geometrical diversity, the possibility of having distinct coordination numbers (typically from 2 to 4) and the capability of forming argentophilic (Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag) interactions. These properties complicate the accurate prediction of structures of silver complexes under certain experimental conditions. In this work, we show how subtle modifications in thiolate and phosphine ligands exert important effects on the nuclearity and geometry of phosphine caped clusters [Ag(SR)]n(n=4, 6 and 8). We rationalize these effects in terms of the electronic environment of silver centers by analyzing the electronic density of the single‐crystal X‐ray structures via the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the Non‐Covalent Interaction (NCI)‐Index. Furthermore, we characterized attractive and repulsive argentophilic contacts by means of the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) energy partition. Our results provide insights on the effects of ancillary ligands in controlling the structure of silver‐thiolate clusters. Such control is relevant towards a bottom‐up approach to the atomic precise construction of higher nuclearity clusters.
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among older adults in rural Tanzania
Authors: Mlaki Damas Andrea , Asmal Laila , Paddick Stella‐Maria , Gray William K. , Dotchin Catherine , Walker Richard
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Depression is the commonest mental disorder in older adults worldwide, affecting 7% of the world’s older population and accounting for 5.7% of years lived with disability among adults aged over 60 years. We conducted a secondary data analysis to determine the point prevalence, associated risk factors and treatment gap for DSM‐IV depression among older adults in the Hai District, rural Tanzania.

Methods

The primary data source was a cross‐sectional two‐stage community‐based dementia study where older adults aged ≥70 years (n = 296) were fully‐assessed for dementia and depression in the second stage. Age‐adjusted prevalence of depression was determined based on the WHO standard population using the Direct Method. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed.

Results

Of the 296 older adults assessed for depression, 48 were diagnosed with depression based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV criteria. The median (Inter Quartile Range; QR) age was 80 (75–88) years. Age‐adjusted point prevalence of depression was 21.2% (95% CI: 16.6–21.9) and the treatment gap for depression was 100%. There was reduced odds of depression in older adults who rated their physical health as good or very good (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.10–0.46; p < 0.001), or moderate (AOR 0.26; 95%CI: 0.10–0.66; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Depression in older adults is associated with physical health status and there is an alarmingly high treatment gap. Future research on depression in older adults should focus on effective interventions to address physical morbidity, psychosocial factors and the treatment gap.
Population norms for quality adjusted life years for the United States of America, China, the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Palmer Andrew J. , Campbell Julie A. , de Graaff Barbara , Devlin Nancy , Ahmad Hasnat , Clarke Philip M , Chen Mingsheng , Si Lei
Published: May 2021

Health economics uses quality adjusted life years (QALYs) to help healthcare decision makers. However, unlike life expectancy for which age‐ and sex‐dependent national life tables are available, no general population norms exist to use as a benchmark against which to compare observed or modeled projections of QALYs in sub‐populations or patients. We developed a 2‐state Markov model to generate QALY population norms for the USA, UK, China and Australia. Annual age‐ and sex‐specific probabilities of all‐cause mortality were taken from life tables combined with general population country‐specific age‐ and sex‐specific health state utilities for the EQ‐5D‐3L (all countries); and SF‐6D (Australia) multi‐attribute utility instruments (MAUI). To validate our QALY benchmark model we found that the model closely predicted population life expectancies. Using EQ‐5D‐3L, undiscounted QALYs for males/females aged 18 years ranged 54.62/58.90 (USA), 55.55/60.21 (China), 57.11/60.16 (Australia), and 58.01/61.43 (UK) years. SF‐6D benchmark QALYs for Australia were consistently lower than those generated from the EQ‐5D‐3L. The gap in undiscounted QALYs between the UK (highest) and the USA (lowest) was 2.53 QALYs in women and 3.39 QALYs in men aged 18 years. Our model's QALY population norms can be used for internal validation of future health economic models for the country‐specific value sets for the instruments that we adopted, and when quantifying burden of disease in terms of QALYs lost due to illness compared to the general population. We have created a publicly available repository to continuously include QALY benchmarks that use country‐specific value sets for other MAUIs and life expectancies.
From landfills to landscapes—Nature-based solutions for water management taking into account legacy contamination
Authors: Hale Sarah E. , Folde Marja S. , Melby Unni H. , Sjødahl Elisabeth U. , Smebye Andreas B. , Oen Amy M. P.
Published: May 2021

Nature-based solutions (NBS) can be used in combination with the reopening of piped rivers to support area development. In certain cases, piped rivers can run through disused landfills. This presents a complicating factor because landfills provide the possibility for river water to be contaminated by waste. In Skien municipality, close to Oslo, Norway, NBS are being considered as part of a potential reopening of the Kjørbekk stream. A 4-km stretch of the stream is contained in an aging pipe infrastructure that is buried under two disused landfills. The pipe infrastructure does not have the physical capacity to cope with an increase in precipitation brought about by current climate change, and in certain areas, the pipe has started to leak. This means that surface water runoff that cannot be accommodated by the pipe, as well as water that leaks from the pipe, can become contaminated by the waste in the disused landfill. Furthermore, the water can be transported with the stream course to the final recipient, taking the contamination with it. Reopening the stream and providing new water pathways can alleviate these problems, but it must be carried out so that contamination is not allowed to spread. This case study reveals how certain NBS that focus on reducing the amount of water in contact with pollutants, reducing the amount of particle spreading, remediating contaminated water, and remediating contaminated soil could be implemented at the site and function as a catalyst for an incremental city development. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:99–107. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

KEY POINTS

The Kjørbekk stream in Norway runs through an old pipe infrastructure, which is unable to accommodate the increase in rainfall predicted via climate change. The pipe runs through two disused landfill sites, which were built without bottom membranes, and waste in the landfill has the potential to contaminate excess rainfall water that it comes into contact with. Nature-based solutions are being considered in combination with reopening of the Kjørbekk stream, however they must ensure that the pollutants are not mobilized and do not result in a wider area becoming contaminated.
A first‐in‐class, first‐in‐human, phase I trial of CIGB‐552, a synthetic peptide targeting COMMD1 to inhibit the oncogenic activity of NF‐κB in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Vallespi Maribel G. , Mestre Braulio , Marrero Maria A. , Uranga Rolando , Rey Diana , Lugiollo Martha , Betancourt Mircea , Silva Kirenia , Corrales Danay , Lamadrid Yanet , Rodriguez Yamilka , Maceo Anaelys , Chaviano Pedro P. , Lemos Gilda , Cabrales Ania , Freyre Freya M. , Santana Hector , Garay Hilda E. , Oliva Brizaida , Fernandez Julio R.
Published: May 2021

CIGB‐552 is a synthetic peptide that interacts with COMMD1 and upregulates its protein levels. The objectives of this phase I study were safety, pharmacokinetic profile, evaluation of the lymphocytes CD4+ and CD8+ and preliminary activity in patients with advanced tumors. A 3 + 3 dose‐escalation design with seven dose levels was implemented. Patients were included until a grade 3 related adverse event occurred and the maximum tolerated dose was reached. The patients received subcutaneous administration of CIGB‐552 three times per week for 2 weeks. Single‐dose plasma pharmacokinetics was characterized at two dose levels, and tumor responses were classified by RECIST 1.1. Twenty‐four patients received CIGB‐552. Dose‐limiting toxicity was associated with a transient grade 3 pruritic maculopapular rash at a dose of 7.0 mg. The maximum tolerated dose was defined as 4.7 mg. Ten patients were assessable for immunological status. Seven patients had significant changes in the ratio CD4/CD8 in response to CIGB‐552 treatment; three patients did not modify the immunological status. Stable disease was observed in five patients, including two metastatic soft sarcomas. We conclude that CIGB‐552 at dose 4.7 mg was well tolerated with no significant adverse events and appeared to provide some clinical benefits.
Trastuzumab in combination with 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel as perioperative treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive locally advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: A phase II trial of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie Gastric Cancer Study Group
Authors: Hofheinz Ralf‐Dieter , Hegewisch‐Becker Susanne , Kunzmann Volker , Thuss‐Patience Peter , Fuchs Martin , Homann Nils , Graeven Ullrich , Schulte Nadine , Merx Kirsten , Pohl Michael , Held Swantje , Keller Ralph , Tannapfel Andrea , Al‐Batran Salah‐Eddin
Published: May 2021

Perioperative chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel (FLOT) is a mainstay in the treatment of esophagogastric adenocarcinomas (EGA). Trastuzumab improved survival when added to chemotherapy in patients with HER‐2‐positive metastatic EGA. We investigated the combination of trastuzumab and FLOT as perioperative treatment in patients with locally advanced EGA. A multicenter phase II study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of perioperative FLOT (24‐hours 5‐FU 2600 mg/m2, leucovorin 200 mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85 mg/mg2, docetaxel 50 mg/m2, trastuzumab 6 mg/kg then 4 mg/kg d1, repeated d15 for four cycles preoperatively and postoperatively followed by 9 cycles of trastuzumab monotherapy) in patients with HER‐2 positive EGA. Patients had ≥cT2, any N, M0 EGA. The primary endpoint was the rate of centrally assessed pathological complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints comprised disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS), R0 resection rate, toxicity and surgical morbidity. Fifty‐six evaluable patients (median age 62 years) were included; n = 40 had tumors originating from the esophagogastric junction; T stage was (cT2/3/4/unknown): 4/42/8/2; n = 50 patients had cN+ disease. Main adverse events grades 3‐4: leukopenia (17.9%), neutropenia (46.6%) and diarrhea (17.0%). All patients underwent tumor resections. R0 resection rate was 92.9%. Eight patients had anastomotic leakage. One postoperative death occurred. pCR was found in 12 patients (21.4%) and a further n = 14 patients (25.0%) had near complete response. Median DFS was 42.5 months and the 3‐year OS rate was 82.1%. The primary endpoint of achieving a pCR >20% was reached. No unexpected safety issues were observed. Survival data are promising.
Collison, Connection, and Conflict? Writing (Righting) Community Amid COVID‐19
Authors: Oliveira Gabrielle , Wargo Jon M.
Published: May 2021

Authors featured in this department share anthropological perspectives and qualitative insights to redefine community in adolescent and adult literacy practice.
Review of The Library Screen Scene: Film and Media Literacy in Schools, Colleges, and Communities
Authors: Heaney April , Stahl Garth
Published: May 2021

This forum reviews a mix of resources to inform pedagogy and related educational practices that foreground representations of youth and their literacy practices within and outside of school.
Unveiling gas‐phase oxidative coupling of methane via data analysis
Authors: Ishioka Sora , Miyazato Itsuki , Takahashi Lauren , Nguyen Thanh Nhat , Taniike Toshiaki , Takahashi Keisuke
Published: May 2021

Unveiling the details of the mechanisms of a chemical reaction is a difficult task as reaction mechanisms are strongly coupled with reaction conditions. Here, catalysts informatics combined with high‐throughput experimental data is implemented to understand the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction. In particular, pairwise correlation and data visualization are performed to reveal the relation between reaction conditions and selectivity/conversion. In addition, machine learning is used to fill the gap between experimental data points; thus, a more detailed understanding of the OCM reaction against reaction conditions can be achieved. Therefore, catalysts informatics is proposed for understanding the details of the reaction mechanism, thereby aiding reaction design.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Olanzapine and Samidorphan When Administered in Combination in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Sun Lei , Mills Richard , Sadler Brian M. , Rege Bhaskar
Published: May 2021

A combination of olanzapine and samidorphan was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. Population pharmacokinetic models for olanzapine and samidorphan were developed using data from 11 clinical studies in healthy subjects or patients with schizophrenia. A 2‐compartment disposition model with first‐order absorption and elimination and a lag time for absorption adequately described concentration‐time profiles of both olanzapine and samidorphan. Age, sex, race, smoking status, and body weight were identified as covariates that impacted the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine. A moderate effect of body weight on samidorphan pharmacokinetics was identified by the model but was not considered clinically meaningful. The effects of food, hepatic or renal impairment, and coadministration with rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and samidorphan, as estimated by the population pharmacokinetic analysis, were consistent with findings from dedicated clinical studies designed to evaluate these specific covariates of interest. Food intake did not have a clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine or samidorphan. Consistent with the known metabolic pathways for olanzapine (primarily via uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase–mediated direct glucuronidation and cytochrome P450 [CYP]‐mediated oxidation) and for samidorphan (predominantly mediated by CYP3A4), coadministration of olanzapine and samidorphan with rifampin, a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and an inducer of uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, significantly decreased the systemic exposure of both olanzapine and samidorphan. Severe renal impairment or moderate hepatic impairment resulted in a modest increase in olanzapine and samidorphan exposure.
Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Erdbrügger Uta , Blijdorp Charles J. , Bijnsdorp Irene V. , Borràs Francesc E. , Burger Dylan , Bussolati Benedetta , Byrd James Brian , Clayton Aled , Dear James W. , Falcón‐Pérez Juan M. , Grange Cristina , Hill Andrew F. , Holthöfer Harry , Hoorn Ewout J. , Jenster Guido , Jimenez Connie R. , Junker Kerstin , Klein John , Knepper Mark A. , Koritzinsky Erik H. , Luther James M. , Lenassi Metka , Leivo Janne , Mertens Inge , Musante Luca , Oeyen Eline , Puhka Maija , van Royen Martin E. , Sánchez Catherine , Soekmadji Carolina , Thongboonkerd Visith , van Steijn Volkert , Verhaegh Gerald , Webber Jason P. , Witwer Kenneth , Yuen Peter S.T. , Zheng Lei , Llorente Alicia , Martens‐Uzunova Elena S.
Published: May 2021

Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast‐growing scientific field. In the last decade urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) were shown to mirror molecular processes as well as physiological and pathological conditions in kidney, urothelial and prostate tissue. Therefore, several methods to isolate and characterize uEVs have been developed. However, methodological aspects of EV separation and analysis, including normalization of results, need further optimization and standardization to foster scientific advances in uEV research and a subsequent successful translation into clinical practice. This position paper is written by the Urine Task Force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of ISEV consisting of nephrologists, urologists, cardiologists and biologists with active experience in uEV research. Our aim is to present the state of the art and identify challenges and gaps in current uEV‐based analyses for clinical applications. Finally, recommendations for improved rigor, reproducibility and interoperability in uEV research are provided in order to facilitate advances in the field.
Success rate of microsatellite instability examination and complete response with pembrolizumab in biliary tract cancer
Authors: Kai Yugo , Ikezawa Kenji , Takada Ryoji , Daiku Kazuma , Maeda Shingo , Abe Yutaro , Yamai Takuo , Fukutake Nobuyasu , Nakabori Tasuku , Uehara Hiroyuki , Nagata Shigenori , Wada Hiroshi , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim

The success rate of microsatellite instability (MSI) examination in biliary tract cancer (BTC) and the treatment outcomes of pembrolizumab in patients with MSI‐high (MSI‐H) BTC have not been fully investigated. We examined the success rate of MSI examination and the rate of MSI‐H status in patients with BTC as well as the treatment outcomes of patients with MSI‐H status who underwent pembrolizumab treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 60 consecutive patients with unresectable or postoperative recurrent BTC who underwent MSI examination in a Japanese cancer referral center between January 2019 and September 2020.

Results

The study included 24 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, 12 hilar cholangiocarcinomas, 4 distal cholangiocarcinomas, 16 gallbladder carcinomas, and 4 ampullary carcinomas. The methods of cancer tissue sampling were percutaneous liver tumor biopsy in 26 cases, surgery in 15 cases, endoscopic ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration in 12 cases, transpapillary bile duct biopsy in 5 cases, and others in 2 cases. The success rate of MSI examination was 98.3% (59 of 60). MSI examination failed in only one case using a surgical specimen due to time‐dependent degradation of DNA. The frequency of MSI‐H BTC was 3.3% (2 of 60 cases). One patient with MSI‐H intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma achieved a complete response with pembrolizumab treatment.

Conclusions

MSI examinations in BTC were successful in almost all cases, regardless of tissue sampling methods. We experienced a case in which pembrolizumab resulted in a complete response to MSI‐H BTC. Since pembrolizumab for MSI‐H BTC could prolong survival time, MSI examination should be performed proactively to increase treatment options.
Greedoids from flames
Authors: Joó Attila
Published: May 2021

A digraph with is an ‐flame if for every , the in‐degree of is equal to the local edge‐connectivity . We show that for every digraph and , the edge sets of the ‐flame subgraphs of form a greedoid. Our method yields a new proof of Lovász's theorem stating: for every digraph and , there is an ‐flame subdigraph of such that for . We also give a strongly polynomial algorithm to find such an working with a fractional generalization of Lovász's theorem.
Imperfect adherence in real life: a prevention‐effective perspective on adherence to daily and event‐driven HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men – a prospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Huei‐Jiuan , Wen‐Wei Ku Stephane , Chang Howard H. , Li Chia‐Wen , Ko Nai‐Ying , Strong Carol
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Both daily and event‐driven (ED) pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been demonstrated to be highly effective among men who have sex with men (MSM). Prevention‐effective adherence proposes that PrEP adherence should be aligned with the risk of HIV, which could be applied to both daily and ED PrEP adherence measurement. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between the use of PrEP and sex events among the MSM PrEP users and identify factors associated with adherence among daily and ED MSM PrEP users.

Methods

A multicentre, observational, prospective cohort study was conducted at three hospital‐based clinics in three urban cities of Taiwan from January 2018 to December 2019. MSM ages 18 years or older – at high risk of HIV acquisition and taking PrEP during the study period – were included in the analysis. MSM PrEP users were allowed to choose between daily and ED PrEP based on their preference. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, sexual behaviours, substance use and PrEP‐taking behaviours were collected at each visit.

Results

A total of 374 MSM were included in the analysis with 1,054 visits. More than half (56%) of the PrEP users chose ED at the baseline and 150 regimen switches were reported by 21% of the participants. There was only one seroconversion documented during the study period. Most (84.2%) of the MSM PrEP users were able to adhere to PrEP during the most recent anal intercourse in the past one month. Among ED PrEP users with suboptimal adherence, the majority (81.9%) missed the pre‐coital dose. In the multivariable analysis, we found that participants who switched from daily to an ED dosing regimen were associated with poorer adherence to PrEP.

Conclusions

A high level of PrEP adherence was observed among the majority of MSM in a real‐world setting. On the other hand, Taiwanese MSM switching from daily to ED dosing regimens were less likely to adhere to PrEP, suggesting that novel approaches focusing on a dosing switch would be necessary for MSM to improve their adherence to PrEP.
Dose‐Lowering in Contrast‐Enhanced MRI of the Central Nervous System: A Retrospective, Parallel‐Group Comparison Using Gadobenate Dimeglumine
Authors: DeLano Mark C. , Spampinato Maria Vittoria , Chang Eric Y. , Barr Richard G. , Lichtenstein Richard J. , Colosimo Cesare , Vymazal Josef , Wen Zhibo , Lin Doris D. M. , Kirchin Miles A. , Pirovano Gianpaolo
Published: May 2021

Background

Concerns over gadolinium (Gd) retention encourage the use of lower Gd doses. However, lower Gd doses may compromise imaging performance. Higher relaxivity gadobenate may be suited to reduced dose protocols.

Purpose

To compare 0.05 mmol/kg and 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate in patients undergoing enhanced MRI of the central nervous system (CNS).

Study Type

Retrospective, multicenter.

Population

Three hundred and fifty‐two patients receiving 0.05 (n = 181) or 0.1 (n = 171) mmol/kg gadobenate.

Field Strength/Sequences

1.5 T and 3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1‐weighted spin echo/fast spin echo (SE/FSE) and/or gradient echo/fast field echo (GRE/FFE); precontrast T2‐weighted FSE and T2‐FLAIR.

Assessment

Images of patients with extra‐axial lesions at 1.5 T or any CNS lesion at 3.0 T were reviewed by three blinded, independent neuroradiologists for qualitative (lesion border delineation, internal morphology visualization, contrast enhancement; scores from 1 = poor to 4 = excellent) and quantitative (lesion‐to‐brain ratio [LBR], contrast‐to‐noise ratio [CNR]; SI measurements at regions‐of‐interest on lesion and normal parenchyma) enhancement measures. Noninferiority of 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate was determined for each qualitative endpoint if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in precontrast + postcontrast means was above a noninferiority margin of −0.4.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test for comparison of mean qualitative endpoint scores, Wilcoxon signed rank test for comparison of LBR and CNR values; Wilcoxon rank sum test for comparison of SI changes. Tests were significant for P < 0.05.

Results

The mean change from precontrast to precontrast + postcontrast was significant for all endpoints. Readers 1, 2, and 3 evaluated 304, 225, and 249 lesions for 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate, and 382, 309, and 298 lesions for 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate. The lower limit of the 95% CI was above −0.4 for all comparisons. Significantly, higher LBR and CNR was observed with the higher dose.

Data Conclusion

0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate was noninferior to 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate for lesion visualization.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
High commitment human resource management practices and hotel employees' work outcomes in Bangladesh
Authors: Rubel Mohammad Rabiul Basher , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Rimi Nadia Newaz
Published: May 2021

Studies in the field of high commitment human resource management have pointed to the importance of interpersonal relationships in the workplace. In line with this, the focus of this study is on identifying how high commitment human resource management creates and sustains employee relationships. Viewing high commitment human resource management as a relational process, we identify six distinct practices ‐ selective hiring, training and development, participation, promotion opportunity, teamwork, and reward and recognition ‐ that influence three employee‐related outcomes ‐ organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee retention. Based on data from 365 front‐line employees in 5‐star hotels in Bangladesh, and using social exchange theory as a lens, we explore how high commitment human resource management can influence work outcomes. The results provide additional evidence of the role that high commitment human resource management plays in ensuring positive work outcomes, and indicates how organizations might benefit from this knowledge.
Economic analysis and drying kinetics of a geothermal‐assisted solar dryer for tomato paste drying
Authors: Hadibi Tarik , Boubekri Abdelghani , Mennouche Djamel , Benhamza Abderrahmane , Kumar Anil
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The economic value of many fruit and vegetables is often linked to the ability to preserve such natural products. In the case of tomatoes, the manufacture of 1 kg of powder or concentrate requires the evaporation of about 16 kg water kg−1 dry matter. In the present work, the effectiveness and economic analysis of solar drying systems for drying of tomato paste with and without geothermal water heat exchanger (GWHE) were studied.

RESULTS

The GWHE integration significantly increased the recorded drying temperature up to 53.41 °C, with an improvement of 11.5 °C compared to the conventional dryer. Moreover, the drying temperature inside the drying chamber exceeded ambient temperature after sunset and at night by 30.8 °C. GWHE ensured a continuous drying process, while drying time was 22 consecutive hours, compared to the basic dryer with 18 h in 3 days. Effective moisture diffusivity was found to be 1.617 × 10−9 and 1.202 × 10−9 m2 s−1 for hybrid and basic drying systems, respectively, using the slope. Three methods were used to perform economic analysis. The cumulative present worth of savings, at 23 382.6 USD, is much higher than the capital cost of the hybrid dryer, at 467 USD. The payback period is quite acceptable, at 2.21 years as compared to dryer lifetime of 15 years. Therefore, the hybrid dryer will dry tomato paste without additional charges for 12.79 years and is recommended for a large‐scale tomato paste dryer.

CONCLUSION

The hybrid system with GWHE ensures a continuous drying process during night‐time, in addition to reduced drying time. The economic study revealed a high feasibility for the hybrid dryer, with a short payback period. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative evaluation for phytochemical composition and regulation of blood glucose, hepatic oxidative stress and insulin resistance in mice and HepG2 models of four typical Chinese dark teas
Authors: Zhu Jiangxiong , Yu Chuang , Zhou Hui , Wei Xinlin , Wang Yuanfeng
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Dark tea, comprising one of the six major teas, has many biological activities, which originate from their active substrates, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and so on. The hypoglycemic effect is one of its most prominent activities, although less is known about their evaluation and potential role in the hypoglycemic mechanism.

RESULTS

In the present study, we separately analyzed the phytochemical composition, glycosidase inhibition and free radical scavenging activities, and hypoglycemic activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice, as well as the alleviation of insulin resistance in HepG2 cells of four dark tea aqueous extracts. The results showed that the phytochemical composition of dark tea aqueous extracts was significantly different, and they all had good glycosidase inhibition and free radical scavenging activities, in vivo hypoglycemic activity and alleviation of insulin resistance, and could also activate the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐Akt‐perixisome proliferation‐activated receptor cascade signaling pathway to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, change the key enzyme activities related to glucose metabolism and antioxidant activity, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory factor levels. Among them, Liubao brick tea (LBT) and Pu‐erh tea (PET) possessed better glycosidase inhibitory activity, in vivo hypoglycemic activity and improved insulin resistance activity, whereas Qingzhuan brick tea and Fuzhuan brick tea had better free radical scavenging activity, which may be explained by their distinct phytochemical compositions, such as tea proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, catechins, and tea pigments and some elements.

CONCLUSION

Dark tea is a highly attractive candidate for developing antidiabetic food, LBT and PET may be good natural sources of agricultural products with anti‐diabetic effects. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Comparison of Dimensional and Categorical Approaches to Characterizing the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Future Suicide Attempts
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Kearns Jaclyn C. , Stanley Ian H. , Spitzer Elizabeth G. , Woodward Bonnie , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P.
Published: May 2021

The present study compared the utility of categorical (i.e., diagnostic status) and dimensional (i.e., symptom severity) approaches to measuring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in predicting future suicide attempts among participants in a nationwide, longitudinal study of U.S. military veterans who were deployed in support of operations in Iraq or Afghanistan after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) and were enrolled in Veterans Health Administration services (N = 1,649). Following an initial assessment of PTSD symptoms, we assessed for suicide attempts at two subsequent time points (M = 28.74 months, SD = 8.72 and M = 55.11 months, SD = 6.89 following the initial assessment). Between the initial and final assessments, 125 participants (7.58%) made at least one suicide attempt. All categorical and dimensional indicators of PTSD predicted suicide attempts at both time points except the categorical indicator for reexperiencing symptoms. Categorical indicators predicting suicide attempts demonstrated excellent sensitivity but poor specificity and overall accuracy. The point along the continuum at which PTSD symptom severity was most accurate regarding the prediction of future suicide attempts was well above the threshold previously established as indicating a probable diagnosis. Although this score was less sensitive than diagnostic indicators, it demonstrated greater specificity and overall accuracy in predicting future suicide attempts. The present results indicate that veterans whose PTSD symptoms satisfy the diagnostic criteria have a higher risk of future suicide attempts, but this risk appears to be even higher for veterans with symptom levels above the diagnostic threshold.
Inpatient Frailty Assessment Is Feasible and Predicts Nonhome Discharge and Mortality in Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Serper Marina , Tao Sunny Y. , Kent Dorothea S. , Garren Patrik , Burdzy Alexander E. , Lai Jennifer C. , Gougol Amir , Bloomer Pamela M. , Reddy K. Rajender , Dunn Michael A. , Duarte‐Rojo Andres
Published: May 2021

Objective inpatient frailty assessments in decompensated cirrhosis are understudied. We examined the feasibility of inpatient frailty measurements and associations with nonhome discharge, readmission, and all‐cause mortality among patients admitted for cirrhosis complications. We conducted a prospective study at 3 liver transplantation (LT) centers. Frailty was assessed using the liver frailty index (LFI). Multivariable logistic and competing risk models evaluated associations between frailty and clinical outcomes. We included 211 patients with median MELD‐Na score 21 (interquartile range [IQR],15‐27); 96 (45%) were women, and 102 (48%) were on the LT waiting list. At a median follow‐up of 8.3 months, 29 patients (14%) were nonhome discharged, 144 (68%) were readmitted, 70 (33%) underwent LT, and 44 (21%) died. A total of 124 patients (59%) were frail, with a median LFI of 4.71 (IQR, 4.07‐5.54). Frail patients were older (mean, 59 versus 54 years) and more likely to have chronic kidney disease (40% versus 20%; P = 0.002) and coronary artery disease (17% versus 7%; P = 0.03). Frailty was associated with hospital‐acquired infections (8% versus 1%; P = 0.02). In multivariable models, LFI was associated with nonhome discharge (odds ratio, 1.81 per 1‐point increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14‐2.86). Frailty (LFI≥4.5) was associated with all‐cause mortality in models accounting for LT as competing risk (subhazard ratio [sHR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.13‐5.11); results were similar with LFI as a continuous variable (sHR, 1.62 per 1‐point increase; 95% CI, 1.15‐2.28). A brief, objective inpatient frailty assessment was feasible and predicted nonhome discharge and mortality in decompensated cirrhosis. Inpatient point‐of‐care frailty assessment prior to hospital discharge can be useful for risk stratification and targeted interventions to improve physical fitness and reduce adverse outcomes.
Standardized Feeding Protocol Improves Delivery and Acceptance of Enteral Nutrition in Children Immediately After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Miserachs Mar , Kean Penni , Tuira Lori , Al Nasser Yasser , De Angelis Maria , Van Roestel Krista , Ghanekar Anand , Cattral Mark , Mouzaki Marialena , Ng Vicky Lee , Mtaweh Haifa , Avitzur Yaron
Published: May 2021

Delivery of adequate nutrition after liver transplantation (LT) surgery is an important goal of postoperative care. Existing guidelines recommend early enteral nutrition after abdominal surgery and in the child who is critically ill but data on nutritional interventions after LT in children are sparse. We evaluated the impact of a standardized postoperative feeding protocol on enteral nutrition delivery in children after LT. Data from 49 children (ages 0‐18 years) who received a LT prior to feeding protocol implementation were compared with data for 32 children undergoing LT after protocol implementation. The 2 groups did not differ with respect to baseline demographic data. After protocol implementation, enteral nutrition was started earlier (2 versus 3 days after transplant; P = 0.005) and advanced faster when a feeding tube was used (4 versus 8 days; P = 0.03). Protocol implementation was also associated with reduced parenteral nutrition use rates (47% versus 75%; P = 0.01). No adverse events occurred after protocol implementation. Hospital length of stay and readmission rates were not different between the 2 groups. In conclusion, implementation of a postoperative nutrition protocol in children after LT led to optimized nutrient delivery and reduced variability of care.
Automated Solvent‐Free Polymerization of Hyperbranched Polyglycerol with Tailored Molecular Weight by Online Torque Detection
Authors: Wallert Matthias , Plaschke Johann , Dimde Mathias , Ahmadi Vahid , Block Stephan , Haag Rainer
Published: May 2021

Polymerization processes with high reproducibility, traceability, and nontoxic compounds are required for biomedical applications. Here an automated solvent‐free polymerization of hyperbranched polyglycerol has been established on a multiple‐hundred gram scale. Performed is an anionic ring‐opening multibranching (ROMB) polymerization with slow addition of glycidol. The solvent‐free approach avoids commonly used organic solvents during the polymerization and work‐up. Due to the automation of the polymerization process a high reproducibility and traceability is accomplished. The used reactor is equipped with an anchor stirrer and stirrer control, which measures the applied torque. A linear correlation of the increasing torque and the degree of polymerization is observed, which can be used to monitor the molecular weight in situ during the polymerization.
Dual Cross‐Linked Polymethacrylic Acid Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Shape Memory Behavior
Authors: Gulyuz Umit
Published: May 2021

Herein, a series of poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogels are prepared via bulk polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAAc) and grafting of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100). One‐pot and extremely simple chemistry consist of only mixing and subsequently heating of commercially available monomer and surfactant. The polymer chains are interconnected through dual physical cross‐link points formed by the hydrophobic associations in the center of TX‐100 micelles and hydrogen bonds stabilized by hydrophobic α‐methyl groups of MAAc. The hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical properties ranging between softness and stiffness by adjusting the surfactant/monomer molar ratio, such as Young modulus of 0.6−22 MPa, elongation at break of 750−1700%, tensile strength of 0.21−3.6 MPa, and compressive strength of 41−93 MPa. The synergistic effect of high‐density hydrogen bonds with hydrophobic associations endows a plastic‐like hydrogel with high strength and shape memory (SM) behavior, while a high concentration of micelles with low‐density hydrogen bonds endows a stretchable elastic hydrogel. The combination of temperature‐induced SM property and wide‐ranging mechanical performance will make such hydrogels useful in diverse applications.
Lycopene Modulates Placental Health and Fetal Development Under High‐Fat Diet During Pregnancy of Rats
Authors: Sun Shishuai , Cao Chunyu , Li Jibo , Meng Qingwei , Cheng Baojing , Shi Baoming , Shan Anshan
Published: May 2021

Lycopene plays an important role in improving immunity, promoting antioxidant capacity, and regulating fat metabolism. The placenta, an important organ for nutrients exchange between mother and child during pregnancy, directly affects fetal development. This study aims to characterize effects of lycopene on placental health and fetal development under a high‐fat diet, and utilize RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to investigate and integrate the differences of molecular pathways and biological processes in placenta. For placental health, high‐fat diet during pregnancy increases placental oxidative stress, inflammation, and fat deposition. However, lycopene reduces the negative effects of high‐fat diet on placenta to some extent, and further promotes fetal development. Under high‐fat diet, lycopene reduces the levels of Interleukin 17 (IL‐17), Interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in placenta (p < 0.05) through the IL‐17 pathway. Furthermore, lycopene supplementation in high‐fat diet increases Glutaredoxin (Glrx) gene and protein expression in the placenta (p < 0.05), increases Glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and Total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) levels (p < 0.05), decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.01) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels (p < 0.05) in placenta. In addition, lycopene supplementation in high fat diet increases the expression of Lep gene and protein in placenta and increases the level of leptin (p < 0.05). In terms of fetal development, the average fetal weight and fetal litter weight are increased by lycopene compared to high‐diet treatment.
Treatment age and neurocognitive outcomes following proton beam radiotherapy for pediatric low‐ and intermediate‐grade gliomas
Authors: Heitzer Andrew M. , Kahalley Lisa S. , Minard Charles G. , Stafford Claire , Grosshans David R. , Okcu M. Fatih , Raghubar Kimberly P. , Gragert Marsha , McCurdy Mark , Warren Emily H. , Gomez Jocelyn , Ris M. Douglas , Paulino Arnold C. , Chintagumpala Murali
Published: May 2021

The relationship between age and neurocognitive functioning following proton beam radiotherapy (PRT) in low‐ and intermediate‐grade gliomas (LIGG) has yet to be examined. Eighteen LIGG patients treated with PRT were prospectively enrolled and received annual neurocognitive evaluations of perceptual/verbal reasoning, working memory, and processing speed postradiotherapy. The median age at diagnosis was 8.2 years (range 1.0–14.7) and the median age at PRT was 9.9 years (range 4.2–17.0). Patients' neurocognitive performance did not change on any measure following PRT (p ≥ .142). We did not observe significant changes in cognitive function over time among a small group of LIGG patients treated with PRT.
Association of language proficiency, sociodemographics, and neurocognitive functioning in dual‐language Latino survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Bava Laura , Freyer David R. , Radbill Linda M. , Johns Alexis L.
Published: May 2021

Background

Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (ALL/LL) are at risk for cognitive dysfunction, but little is known about its relationship with language proficiency and sociodemographics.

Procedure

In this cross‐sectional cohort study of Latino survivors of childhood ALL/LL, English and Spanish language proficiency and cognitive and academic functioning were measured and their associations determined using paired t‐tests, Pearson correlations, and linear regressions.

Results

Participants (N = 57; 50.9% female) had mean ages (years ± SD) of 4.3 ± 2.6 at diagnosis and 10.6 ± 2.9 at testing (range 6–16); mean time post treatment was 3.7 ± 2.6 years. The majority (73.7%) had low socioeconomic status (SES). Most (78.8%) were dual‐language learners in English and Spanish. English proficiency was graded as limited‐to‐fluent and was significantly higher than Spanish (p < .001). Higher SES was correlated with higher English proficiency (r = 0.31, p = .020). Males had higher Spanish proficiency (r = −0.32, p = .034). Controlling for SES and sex, English proficiency accounted for 43% of cognitive functioning variance (F = 14.86, p < .001), 55% of reading comprehension variance (F = 22.14, p < .001), and 21% of mathematics variance (F = 5.76, p = .002).

Conclusions

Low language proficiency correlated with SES but was independently associated with lower cognitive and academic functioning. Research and surveillance for neurocognitive late effects in Latino ALL/LL survivors should incorporate measures of language proficiency and SES to account for their effects on cognitive and academic functioning.
Treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder with poor prognostic features in children and young adults: Short‐course EPOCH regimens are safe and effective
Authors: Rubinstein Jeremy D. , Shah Rachana , Breese Erin H. , Burns Karen C. , Mangino Jennifer L. , Norris Robin E. , Lee Lynn , Mizukawa Benjamin , O'Brien Maureen M. , Phillips Christine L. , Perentesis John P. , Pommert Lauren , Absalon Michael J.
Published: May 2021

No guidelines exist for which intensive chemotherapy regimen is best in pediatric or young adult patients with high‐risk posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We retrospectively reviewed patients with PTLD who received interval‐compressed short‐course etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (SC‐EPOCH) regimens at our institution. Eight patients were included with median age of 12 years. All patients achieved a complete response with a manageable toxicity profile. Two patients developed second, clonally unrelated, EBV‐positive PTLD and one patient had recurrence at 6 months off therapy. No graft rejection occurred during therapy. All eight patients are alive with median follow‐up of 29 months.
Testicular thrombotic microangiopathy: An unrecognized complication
Authors: Sabulski Anthony , Szabo Sara , Myers Kasiani C. , Davies Stella M. , Jodele Sonata
Published: May 2021

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) causes global endothelial damage and multiorgan injury. No study has described reproductive organ involvement in TMA. Our study aimed to characterize testicular involvement in TMA. We reviewed autopsies from four patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) complicated by TMA. Three patients had striking histologic evidence of TMA, while the fourth had normal testicular histology. This suggests that TMA injures the testicles and may adversely affect fertility. There is now an urgent need for a larger analysis of reproductive organ involvement in TMA.
Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome with inflammatory manifestations: Diagnosis, genetics, treatment, and outcome
Authors: Yanir Asaf D. , Krauss Aviva , Stein Jerry , Steinberg‐Shemer Orna , Gilad Oded , Lotan Sharon Noy , Dgany Orly , Krasnov Tatyana , Kodman Yona , Feuerstein Tamar , Mardoukh Jacques , Fishman Hila , Geron Ifat , Yacobovich Joanne , Tamary Hannah , Birger Yehudit , Avrahami Galia , Izraeli Shai , Birenboim Shlomit Barzilai
Published: May 2021

Background

Inflammatory manifestations (IM) are well described in adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the presentation is highly variable and no standardized treatment exists. This phenomenon is rarely reported in children. As more pediatric patients are hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) candidates, the role of anti‐inflammatory treatment in relation to HSCT should be defined.

Procedure

Here, we report a series of five children from a tertiary center. We describe the clinical presentation, molecular findings, and treatment options.

Results

All patients presented with advanced MDS with blast percentages ranging 10–30%, all had severe IM. One patient had MDS secondary to severe congenital neutropenia, the other four patients had presumably primary MDS. All four were found to harbor a PTPN11 gene driver mutation, which is found in 35% of cases of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). The mutation was present in the myeloid lineage but not in T lymphocytes. Three had symptoms of Behcet's‐like disease with trisomy 8 in their bone marrow. All patients were treated with anti‐inflammatory medications (mainly systemic steroids) in an attempt to bring them to allogeneic HSCT in a better clinical condition. All demonstrated clinical improvement as well as regression in their MDS status post anti‐inflammatory treatment. All have recovered from both MDS and their inflammatory symptoms post HSCT.

Conclusion

Primary pediatric MDS with IM is driven in some cases by PTPN11 mutations, and might be on the clinical spectrum of JMML. Anti‐inflammatory treatment may reverse MDS progression and improve the outcome of subsequent HSCT.