bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Gören Hastalarda Depresyon ve Anksiyetenin Uyku Kalitesine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SELİMOGLU NAMOGLU Selda , GÜDÜK Özden , SHABAN Havva
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören hastalarda depresyon, anksiyete ve kötü uyku kalitesi sık görülen semptomlardır. Depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileri görülen hastaların büyük çoğunluğunda uyku kalitesi düşüktür. Bu çalışmada hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören hastalarda depresyon, anksiyete ve uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: İstanbul İlinde bir hemodiyaliz ünitesinde tedavi görmekte olan 120 hastaya, sosyodemografif ve hastalık özelliklerine dair bir soru formu, “Beck Depresyon Ölçeği”, “Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği” ve “Pittsburg Uyku Kalitesi İndeks”inden oluşan toplam 93 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulanmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiş, katılımcıların özelliklerine göre dağılımları sayı ve yüzde olarak gösterilmiştir. Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskall Wallis testi ile lineer regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Hastaların %70,8’inde şiddetli düzeyde anksiyete, %20,8’inde şiddetli düzeyde depresyon, %61,7’sinde uzun süreli uyku bozukluğu bulunmuştur. Bekarların ve yalnız yaşayanlar ile parçalanmış aileye sahip olanların uyku kalitesi daha kötüdür (p
Kadın Doğum Kliniklerinde Uygulama Yapan Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Cinsiyet ve İllere Göre Kadın Algısı ve Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yönelik İmajı
Authors: TÜLEK DENİZ Hümeyra , KAPLAN Özlem , BAŞER Mürüvvet
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Kadın doğum kliniklerinde uygulama yapan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin cinsiyet ve illere göre kadın algısı ve mesleğe yönelik imajı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışmaya Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Endeksi ve Kadın Güçlenme Endeksi kullanılarak seçilen A, B ve C illerinde yer alan devlet üniversitelerinin hemşirelik bölümü dördüncü sınıfında öğrenim gören 237 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler, Birey Tanıtım Formu, Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Kadın Algısı Ölçeği ve Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yönelik İmaj Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi, bağımsız örnekler t testi, Mann-Whitney U, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis ve Tukey HSD testi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaş ortancası 22 olup, %82,7’si kadındır. Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği dersi klinik uygulaması süresince öğrencilerin en fazla heyecan (%70,9) ve mutluluk (%53,2) yaşadıkları bulunmuştur. Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği klinik uygulamalarında bakım verilen bireylerin tamamının kadın olması, kadın öğrencilerin %92,5’inin erkek öğrencilerin %7,5’inin çalışmalarını olumlu etkilemiştir. Mezuniyet sonrası kadın doğum kliniklerinde çalışmayı kadın öğrencilerin %88,9’u erkek öğrencilerin %11,1’i istemektedir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin orta düzeyde meslek imajı (141,86±7,207) ve orta düzeyde kadın algısı (103,56 ±6,249) olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadın algısı ölçeği toplam puanı ile hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik imaj ölçeğinin cinsiyet alt boyut puanı arasında negatif yönlü, çok zayıf düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=-0,134; p=0,040).

Sonuç: Öğrenci hemşirelerin Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği dersi klinik uygulaması sırasında hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik imajının cinsiyet ve illere göre değiştiği ve meslek imajı ile kadın algısı arasında ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Hemşire eğitimcilerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitlikçi holistik bir bakış açısıyla hasta/sağlıklı bireye yaklaşım konusunda öğrencilerin streslerini azaltıcı bir öğrenme çevresi oluşturmaları önerilebilir.
Gözün Refraksiyon Kusurlarında Uygulanabilecek Farklı Göz Egzersizleri
Authors: ÖKCÜ Özge , DEMİRCAN Emine Nur
Published: September 2023

Işık ışınlarının, ortamlar arası yoğunluk farkı nedeni ile ortam değişikliğine uğrarken hızını ve açısını değiştirmesi refraksiyon (kırılma) olarak isimlendirilir. Gözde bulunan refraksiyon kusurları miyopi, astigmatizma, hipermetropi ve presbiyopi olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Çeşitli yayınlarda, göz refraksiyon kusurlarının görülme sıklığının değiştiği bildirilmiştir. Literatürde yer alan birçok çalışmaya göre, konverjans yetmezliği, akomodasyon disfonksiyonu, gözün hareket bozuklukları, dijital göz yorgunluğu ve göz kuruluğu gibi birçok durumda göz egzersizleri herhangi bir komplikasyon oluşturmaksızın önleyici ve tedavi edicidir. Göz egzersizleri ile oküler bölgede kan dolaşımı artmakta, hümör dolaşım uyarılmakta, ekstraoküler kasların gerilimi azalmakta, göz kasları arasındaki koordinasyon artmakta, göz yorgunluğu ve stres azalmaktadır. Bu etkilerin sonucuna bağlı olarak da görme problemleri üzerinde olumlu yönde değişiklikler görülmektedir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde genel olarak yoga göz egzersizleri, göz egzersiz protokolü, konverjans göz egzersizleri, okülomotor egzersiz protokolü, kalem takip terapisinin uygulandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu derlemede literatürde gözün refraksiyon kusurlarında farklı göz egzersizlerini içeren çalışmalar incelenmiş, bu egzersizlerin etkileri ve uygulama yöntemleri özetlenmiştir. Literatürde bu konuda sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin, bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutarak, literatüre ve klinisyenlere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Kalp Hastalığı Olan Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi ve Hemşirelik Bakımı
Authors: ALTIN Tuba Büşra , ÖZALP GERÇEKER Gülçin
Published: September 2023

Çocuklukta görülen kronik hastalık grubunun önemli bir kısmını konjenital kalp hastalıkları oluşturmaktadır. Konjenital kalp hastalıkları çocukların; günlük aktivitelerini, sosyal/kişisel ilişkilerini etkilemesi, birçok alanda olduğu gibi kardiyoloji alanında da yaşam kalitesine ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Kalp hastalığı olan çocuklar, hastalıkları ile uzun dönem yaşamaktadır. Hastalığın takip ve tedavi sürecinin sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından yönetilmesi önemlidir. Çocuğa anjiyografi ya da kardiyak ameliyat yapılması gerekebilir. Bu uzun ve sıkıntılı süreçten hem çocuk hem de ebeveynler etkilenmektedir. Kardiyak ameliyat sonrası çocuk, fiziksel, duygusal ve sosyal gelişim açısından problemlerle karşılaşabilir ve bu durum fonksiyonel kısıtlılığa yol açar. Ebeveyn desteğinin ve aile işlevinin çocuğun yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmede önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu dönemde ailelerin çocuklarına olan desteği kadar aileye olan destek de önemlidir. Aileye primer destek hemşire tarafından verilir. Sürecin daha rahat atlatılması için çocuk ve aileyi ameliyat öncesi ve sonrasına hazırlamak, bakım vermek, taburculuğa hazırlamak, aileyi hastalık hakkında eğitmek ve baş etmelerine yardım etmek hemşirelerin rollerindendir. Bu derlemede, kalp hastalığı olan çocuklarda yaşam kalitesi ve hemşirelik bakımı ele alınmıştır.
Tip 1 Diyabet Tanısıyla İzlenen Okul Dönemi Çocuklarının Hastalığa İlişkin Deneyimlerinin Çizdikleri Resimleri Yorumlamaları Yöntemi ile İncelemesi: Projektif Araştırma
Authors: UÇAR Serkan , UYSAL Gülzade
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Araştırma, resim çizme yöntemini kullanılarak Tip 1 diyabet tanısıyla izlenen okul dönemi çocuklarının hastalık algılarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Fenomenolojik tipteki araştırmada, nicel veriler ve projektif resim çizme yöntemi kullanılarak çocukların hastalık algıları incelenmiştir. Araştırma bir üniversite hastanesinin çocuk endokrinoloji polikliniğinde, Eylül 2019-Haziran 2020 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve ailesi tarafından onam verilen 10 çocuk araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veriler çocuğa ilişkin tanıtıcı bilgi formu ve boş bir A4 kâğıda çizilen resimler ile elde edilmiş, yüz yüze görüşme tekniğiyle çocukların çizdikleri resimler kendileri tarafından yorumlanarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan ham verilerin içerik analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi sonucu 17 kod belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların 6’sı kız olup ve yine 6 çocuk 10-12 yaş grubu arasındadır. Tip 1 diyabet tanısı ile izlenen çocukların hastalığa ilişkin deneyimlerini projektif resim çizme yoluyla tanımlamayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada çocukların deneyimleri 4 ana tema altında toplanmıştır. Bu temalar “hastalığı kabullenme”, “hastalığı yönetme”, “hastalığın verdiği rahatsızlıklar” ve “sosyal izolasyon” şeklinde belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Tip 1 diyabetli çocukların en sık hastalığı kabullenme ve yönetme üzerine çizimler yaptıkları görülmektedir. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda hasta eğitiminde Tip 1 diyabetli çocuklarda hastalığa bağlı kabullenme ve yönetmeyi destekleyecek aktiviteler planlanabilir.
Comparison of The Nutritional Habits of Individuals With and Without a COVID-19 Diagnosis: An Online Cross-Sectional Study From Türkiye
Authors: ATUK KAHRAMAN Tutku , YILMAZ Müge
Published: September 2023

Objective: Türkiye, which is located in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO) has been also affected by the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted between January and April 2021, in which the number of daily COVID-19 cases increased from an average of 8,500 to 50,000. This cross-sectional online study aimed to compare the dietary habits of individuals with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Material and Method: The study included a total of 1,448 individuals aged 18-64 years. Study data were collected through the Google platform using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 status, anthropometric measurements, physical activity status, and nutritional characteristics.

Results: Those with COVID-19 had higher Body Mass Index (BMI) than those without COVID-19. The rates of those who had regular physical activity, considered nutrition important for protection from COVID-19, and ordered food online were lower among those participants with COVID-19 than those without COVID-19. The rates of those who lost appetite and weight, used nutritional supplements, increased their nutritional budget during the pandemic, and shopped for food from online marketplaces were higher too among those with COVID-19. Those with COVID-19 were found to consume red meat, fruit, and herbal tea more frequently and soft drinks less frequently than those without COVID-19.

Conclusion: In line with these results, it may be considered that those with COVID-19 try to comply with healthy nutrition recommendations. Our results can be used to prepare appropriate nutritional guidelines for pandemic and quarantine periods.
The 6-item Self-Efficacy Scale in the Management of Chronic Disease in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS-CHOYO): Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: EROĞLU Nermin , TEMİZ Gamze
Published: September 2023

Objective: The research was methodologically planned and applied to adapt the 6-item self-efficacy scale in chronic disease management of individuals with multiple sclerosis to Turkish society.

Material and Method: The research was carried out between January 2021 and March 2021 by using the online questionnaire method with individuals with Multiple Sclerosis registered to the Turkish MS Society. To establish the validity and reliability of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease six item scale (SEMDC- 6S), the study was carried out with a sample consisting of n=104 individuals, which was more than 10 times the number of items on the scale(six items).For test-retest reliability, the scale was administered to 20 patients twice at a two week interval.

Results: The validity of the SEMDC-6S was evaluated with language validity, construct validity, and content validity. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) was 0.95, as which was very high.The item-total correlation was examined, and accordingly, no items were excluded from the scale. According to the test-retest results, it was determined that repeated measurements did not differ significantly, and retests had a high correlation.

Conclusion: The SEMDC-6S, which was adapted to Turkish society, is a valid and reliable tool. We recommend that it should be applied in different groups and cultures to increase its evidence value.
Farklı Spor Branşlarıyla Uğraşan Sporcularda Beslenme Durumu, Diyet Kalitesi ve Besinsel Ergojenik Destek Kullanımlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAÇİL ERMUMCU Merve Şeyda , SAÇLI Derya
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı spor branşlarıyla uğraşan sporcularda beslenme durumu, diyet kalitesi ve besinsel ergojenik destek kullanımlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma farklı spor dallarıyla ilgilenen 125 sporcuda yürütülmüştür. Sporcuların genel ve demografik özellikleri, besinsel ergojenik destek kullanımı ile besinsel ergojenik destek ürünlerine yönelik tutumları sorgulanmıştır. Antropometrik ölçümleri ve 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı alınmıştır. Sporcuların diyet kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi-2015 kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Sporcuların yaş ortalaması 21.1±3.51 yıldır. Sporcular sırasıyla takım (%64,0), dövüş (%20,8), dayanıklılık (%10,4) ve kuvvet (%4,8) sporlarını tercih etmektedir. Sporcuların üçte biri (%36,0) besinsel ergojenik destek kullanmaktadır. Sporcularda en çok tercih edilen besinsel ergojenik destek ürünleri sırasıyla sporcu içecekleri (%19,2), proteinli süt/yoğurt (%17,6), sporcu barları (%12,8), kreatindir (%11,2). Takım sporlarında yer alan sporcuların günlük ortalama toplam enerji, posa ve karbonhidrat alım miktarları, kuvvet sporlarıyla ilgilenenlerin protein alım miktarı ve dövüş sporuyla ilgilenenlerin yağ alım miktarları en yüksek bulunmuştur (p>0,05). Sporcuların sadece %2’sinin diyet kalitesinin iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Sporcuların branşlarına özgü bireysel düzeyde yeterli, dengeli ve diyet kalitesi yüksek ve gerektiğinde besinsel ergojenik destek ürünün de eklendiği beslenme programlarının düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir.
The Relationship between COVID-19 Phobia and Health Cognitions and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: DURGU Nihan , GÜLER Cansu , ÜSTÜNDAĞ Sema , ÜNVER Gamze
Published: September 2023

Objective: The study aimed to determine the levels of corona-phobia experienced by individuals in a broad population representative of Turkish society, and the correlation with health cognitions and psychosocial factors.

Material and Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with 1620 participants who lived in different regions of Turkey. Data were collected using an information form, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and the Health Cognitions Questionnaire.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.13±10.90 and 62.8% of them were female. The mean score of COVID-19 phobia score was 51.84±13.53 and health cognition was 60.17±9.61. COVID-19 phobia was significantly related to cognitions of difficulty coping with illness, medical services adequacy, the awfulness of illness and the likelihood of illness. The factors influencing the C19P-S of participants were, being female, having a chronic illness, having too much impact on daily life, difficulty coping with illness, awfulness of illness, and likelihood of illness.

Conclusion: It is recommended to plan interventions to increase public awareness of COVID-19 and to reduce corona-phobia. These interventions should be especially about the negative impact of corona-phobia on people with a chronic illness and women’s mental health.
Peran Lapas Dalam Membina Wargabinaan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Pengulangan Tindak Pidana
Authors: Nisa Anisa Nur Ardiana
Published: September 2023

Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Cilegon merupakan lembaga pelatihan penjara sekaligus sarana pelatihan yang melakukan pengawasan terhadap narapidana  dengan membekali mereka dengan keterampilan untuk kehidupan di masa depan setelah menjalani hukuman penjara.
Permasalahan yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana program Lapas memberikan kegiatan orientasi kepada narapidana, (2) Faktor-faktor apa saja yang menghambat dan mendukung Lapas dalam memberikan orientasi kepada narapidana, (3) Solusi apa yang diterapkan Lapas untuk mengatasi kendala dalam melakukan orientasi terhadap narapidana? proses perkembangan narapidana? Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara  tidak terstruktur dan wawancara tatap muka dengan  petugas  dan narapidana atau mantan narapidana Lapas Cilegon. Tujuan peneliti menggunakan wawancara tidak terstruktur, terutama untuk mengenal sumber informasi. Kesimpulan  penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan pelatihan di Lapas Cilegon sudah sesuai dengan UU No. Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelayanan Pemasyarakatan merupakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang  positif dan harus dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan pemasyarakatan. Faktor pendukung upaya Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Cilegon dalam mengembangkan keterampilan narapidana antara lain kondisi penjara yang baik, pelatihan narapidana yang bersifat bottom-up, sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, serta pelatihan berbasis keluarga dan pemberian gaji. . Faktor-faktor yang menghambat upaya Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Cilegon untuk mengembangkan keterampilan narapidana antara lain kurangnya keterampilan penjaga penjara, terbatasnya pemasaran produk keterampilan dan populasi penjara yang kelebihan kapasitas.
They and Us: Psychology of ‘Ndrangheta Members
Authors: Panchenko Olga
Published: September 2023

The age-old operations of criminal organizations like 'Ndrangheta are progressively infiltrating global economic, political, financial, and societal structures. The worldwide reach of 'Ndrangheta across all facets of existence is deeply unsettling to those even marginally acquainted with its history and undertakings. 'Ndrangheta has been a subject of scholarly investigation for many years, frequently dominating headlines in prominent newspapers. Notwithstanding, 'Ndrangheta fundamentally embodies an exceptionally ancient and archaic community, characterized by a remarkably robust structure and ideology, complete with its own regulations, symbolism, and way of life. Concurrently, it constitutes a dynamic entity that extends globally and adapts in accordance with various economic, political, and other circumstances. No nation worldwide has thus far succeeded in effectively addressing this phenomenon. However, delving into the mindset of the individuals within the 'Ndrangheta, scrutinizing their psychology and ideology, presents an alternate, potentially more efficacious approach to comprehending their mindset and actions. This article explores the core psychological and philosophical traits of the Calabrian subculture, which have endured unchanged for over a century, serving as effective paradigms for the educational, behavioral, operational, and lifestyle aspects of this criminal subculture.
Neurotransmitters of the Nervous System-Characterization and Methodological Approaches to the Study Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, 80, Gorkogo St., 230009, Grodno, Republic of Belarus, N Ye Maksimovich , EI Bon , NV Kohan , Vihang B Th
Published: September 2023

A mediator is a physiologically active substance found in a nerve cell in a bound form, which is secreted from an excited nerve ending into the synaptic cleft and specifically acts on the receptors of the postsynaptic target cell. When a neurological stimulus reaches the end of a nerve fiber, neurotransmitters are produced, and by diffusing across the synapse, they cause the impulse to be transferred to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other component. CNS comprises neurotransmitter indicators in the form of genes and proteins that are expressed uniquely in various cells. The major neurotransmitter indicators’ neurological, developmental, and pathological functions are demonstrated in this article.
Preliminary Results of Ventricular Septal Defect Surgery in Festoc Center in Bamako
Authors:   Cardio-Pediatric Andre Festoc Center, Mother-Child Hospital Luxembourg, Mali, BI Diarra , MA Ouattara ,   Department of Cardiology, Mother-Child Hospital Luxembourg Bamako, Mali, B Coulibaly ,   Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Technical Sciences and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
Published: September 2023

Interventricular septal defects are dehiscences of the interventricular septum connecting the systemic and pulmonary circulations. The aim of this study is to report the preliminary results of the first series of intraventricular septal defects managed at the Festoc centre in Bamako. This is a mono-centric, descriptive retrospective study taking place at the FESTOC Centre in the period from 10 September 2018 to 30 April 2023. Patients of any age and sex, operated for IVC were included. Patients operated abroad were not included. We recorded 74 cases of IVC, i.e. 23.19% out of 300 cases. 61% of the patients were male, with a sex ratio of 1.56. The average age was 11 years. Symptoms were dominated by dyspnoea and recurrent bronchitis in 67.21% and 49.18% respectively. Peri-membrane and admission topography were dominant, with rates of 84% and 10%
First Tirone David’s Intervention in Mali: About a Case at the Festoc Centre in Bamako
Authors:   Cardio-Pediatric Andre Festoc Center, Mother-Child Hospital Luxembourg, Mali, BI Diarra , M Doumbia , B Coulibaly ,   Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Technical Sciences and Technologies of Bamako, Mali, S Togo ,   Department of Cardiology, Mother-Child Hospital Luxembourg Bamako, Mali, S Daffe , O Doucoure , S Koita , MA Ouattara
Published: September 2023

Surgery to replace the aortic root with a valved tube, whether mechanical or biological, remains the most widely used technique for the correction of diseases affecting this aortic segment [1]. Although mechanical valves are usually used, they expose patients to the risk of thromboembolic complications associated with anticoagulation. We report on the first Tirone David procedure performed at the Festoc center in Bamako. A 60-year-old patient was referred to us for dilatation of the ascending aorta in the context of stage 3 dyspnea. Physical examination revealed a Musset’s sign and a diastolic murmur of intensity 3/6 at the aortic focus. Ultrasound revealed severe aortic insufficiency associated with dilation of the ascending aorta, with the aortic annulus measured at 23.5 mm, the sinus at 50 mm and the sino-tubular junction at 61 mm. Thoracic angioscan showed a saccular aneurysm of the initial segment of the ascending aorta. Coronary angiography was normal. Surgery was performed to replace the ascending aorta, preserving the aortic valve and re-implanting the coronary arteries. The postoperative course was marked by the onset of a haemorrhagic syndrome with pre-buffering, which prompted repeat surgery 24 hours after the first operation. The outcome was favorable, with the drains removed 48 hours later.
Type of Attitude Towards Pregnancy of Women in the Context of a New Coronavirus Infection Caused by COVID-19
Authors: Praizendorf Ekaterina Sergeevna , Kuz'mina Anna Sergeevna , Kulagina Dar'ya Alexeevna , Hummel Natal'ya Vladimirovna
Published: September 2023

The subject of the study is the type of attitude towards pregnancy in the context of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19. The aim of the study is to identify relationships between the type of attitude towards pregnancy and early maladaptive patterns of women in the context of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19. The author analyzes in detail the possible prerequisites for the occurrence of affective disorders in women in late pregnancy in conditions of instability, uncertainty of the world in the context of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19. At the same time, pregnancy is considered as a crisis period in a woman's life. Research methodology: conceptual position on early maladaptive schemes by J. Young, methodological development on the types of attitude of a pregnant woman I.V. Dobryakova. The study was conducted on the basis of the Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Childhood Protection with pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years. Scientific novelty of the study: the existence of relationships between the types of attitudes in the context of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19 and early maladaptive patterns has been theoretically substantiated and empirically proven. Qualitative differences in the types of attitudes towards pregnancy in women of different ages under the conditions of a new coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19 were determined. Beliefs that are significantly associated with understanding life in the context of a new coronavirus infection have a positive correlation with anxious and depressive types of attitudes towards pregnancy. Pregnant women under the age of 25 are more likely to worry about the possible fragility and uncertainty of reality than women of other age groups, which may be due to the actualization of early maladaptive schemes and the high level of infantility of women in this age group. Based on the research data, it seems important to further develop a correctional program for pregnant women in order to adaptively comprehend the existing reality and accept the low controllability of the world as a whole.
Historical overview of scientific approaches to child sexualized abuse
Authors: Trifonova Yara Alexandrovna
Published: September 2023

The article presents a historical overview of academic approaches to the problem of sexualised abuse against children and adolescents. The evolution of academic debates on the subject of sexual interactions between adults and underage persons is considered. Particular attention is paid to the differences between the interpretations of this phenomenon from various scientific and worldview positions. An analysis of tendencies in the description and explanation of sexualised abuse of underage persons within the medical paradigm, the psychoanalytic school, clinical sexology, feminist gender studies and sociology of morality is carried out. The most significant changes in the history of the paradigmatic field of research on sexualised abuse of underage persons are described. It concludes with an overview of current trends, considering the moral and ethical foundations of the consensus on the inadmissibility of sexual contact with children and adolescents and the need to confront the problem of sexualised abuse directed at them. Fundamental challenges related to the lack of unity in understanding sexualised abuse of underage persons as such, mechanisms of development of reactions to trauma, conceptualisation of its consequences, and the variety of discourses about victims/survivors and fragmented interventions by professional helpers are analyzed. The author proposes current problematic issues, the solution of which will help to determine the way of further development of scientific and ethical approach to the protection of injured persons.
Surgical considerations and techniques using intraoperative indocyanine green angiography for ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Yang Hyeon Gyu , Cho Su-Hee , Kim Hong Beom , Yang Ku Hyun
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of microsurgery with intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography as a treatment approach for ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF).Methods: Between January 2010 and July 2021, our institution encountered a total of eight cases of ethmoidal DAVF. In each of these cases, microsurgical treatment was undertaken utilizing a bilateral sub-frontal interhemispheric approach, with the aid of intraoperative ICG angiography.Results: ICG angiography identified bilateral venous drainage with single dominance in four cases (50%) of ethmoidal DAVF, a finding that eluded detection during preoperative transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA). The application of microsurgical treatment, in conjunction with intraoperative ICG angiography, resulted in consistently positive clinical outcomes for all patients, as evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the 6-month postoperative follow-up assessment; six patients showed GOS score of 5, while the remaining two patients attained a GOS score of 4.Conclusions: The use of intraoperative ICG angiography enabled accurate identification of both dominant and non-dominant venous drainage patterns, ensuring complete disconnection of the fistula and reducing the risk of recurrence.
Study of experimental method for warm dense matter ionization distribution based on x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yu  , Zhao Yang  , Qing Bo  , Zhang Ji-Yan  , Lin Cheng-Liang  , Yang Guo-Hong  , Wei Min-Xi  , Xiong Gang  , Lv Min  , Huang Cheng-Wu  , Zhu Tuo  , Song Tian-Ming  , Zhao Yan  , Zhang Yu-Xue  , Zhang Lu  , Li Li-Ling  , Du Hua-Bing  , Che Xing-Sen  , Li Yu-Kun  , Zan Xia-Yu  , Yang Jia-Min  ,   1 Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;,   2 Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: September 2023

Warm dense matter (WDM), a state of matter which lies at the frontiers between condensed matter and plasma, is one of the main research objects of high energy density physics (HEDP). Compared to the isolated atom, the electron structure of WDM will change because of the influence of density and temperature effect. Both the accurate theoretical represent and the accurate experimental study of WDM electron structure are challenging, as it is strongly coupled and partially degenerated. In this paper, an experimental method for studying the ionization distribution of warm dense matter based on x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is developed. In the experiment, warm dense titanium with several tens eV and near solid density is created by a simultaneous drive from high energy xray heating and shock compression in a special designed hohlraum. Then, using the characteristic line spectrum emitted by the laser irradiation on pump material (Vanadium) as pump source, the titanium emits fluorescence. The x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of titanium with different states (cold sample, 1.8-4.5 g/cm3 and 1-25 eV) is diagnosed by changing the experimental strategy. The experimental results indicate that the line profiles of Kα and Kβ fluorescence spectrum of the heated sample change obviously relative to that of the cold sample. Associating a theoretical calculation from two-step Hartree-Fock-Slater (TSHFS) method, the reason for the variation of the line profile is the change of ionization distribution mainly caused by temperature rise. The future work will focus on optimizing the experimental method of x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, such as improving the spectrum resolution, characterizing the temperature and density experimentally, obtaining a set of ionization distribution data, and then study the influence of dense environment on electronic structure.
Large scale and quantum accurate molecular dynamics simulation: Liquid iron under extreme condition
Authors: Zeng Qi-Yu , Chen Bo , Kang Dong-Dong , Dai Jia-Yu ,   College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: September 2023

Liquid iron is the major component of planetary cores. Its structure and dynamics under high pressure and temperature is of great significance in studying geophysics and planetary science. However, for experimental techniques, it is still difficult to generate and probe such a state of matter under extreme conditions, while for theoretical method like molecular dynamics simulation, the reliable estimation of dynamic properties requires both large simulation size and ab initio accuracy, resulting in unaffordable computational costs for traditional method. Owing to the technical limitation, the understanding of such matters remains limited. In this work, combining molecular dynamics simulation, we establish a neural network potential energy surface model to study the static and dynamic properties of liquid iron at its extreme thermodynamic state close to core-mantle boundary. The implementation of deep neural network extends the simulation scales from one hundred atoms to millions of atoms within quantum accuracy. The estimated static and dynamic structure factor show good consistency with all available X-ray diffraction and inelastic X-ray scattering experimental observations, while the empirical potential based on embedding-atom-method fails to give a unified description of liquid iron across a wide range of thermodynamic conditions. We also demonstrate that the transport property like diffusion coefficient exhibits a strong size effect, which requires more than at least ten thousands of atoms to give a converged value. Our results show that the combination of deep learning technology and molecular modelling provides a way to describe matter realistically under extreme conditions.
A Theory of Hippocampal Theta Correlations: Extrinsic and Intrinsic Sequences
Authors: Yiu Yuk-Hoi , Leibold Christian
Published: September 2023

Hippocampal place cell sequences have been hypothesized to serve as diverse purposes as the induction of synaptic plasticity, formation and consolidation of long-term memories, or navigation and planning. During spatial behaviors of rodents, sequential firing of place cells at the theta timescale (known as theta sequences) encodes running trajectories, which can be considered as 1-dimensional behavioral sequences of traversed locations. In a 2-dimensional space, however, each single location can be visited along arbitrary 1-dimensional running trajectories. Thus, a place cell will generally take part in multiple different theta sequences, raising questions about how this 2-dimensional topology can be reconciled with the idea of hippocampal sequences underlying memory of (1-dimensional) episodes. Here, we propose a computational model of cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) and dentate gyrus (DG), where sensorimotor input drives the direction-dependent (extrinsic) theta sequences within CA3 reflecting the 2-dimensional spatial topology, whereas the in-trahippocampal CA3-DG projections concurrently produce intrinsic sequences that are independent of the specific running trajectory. Consistent with experimental data, these intrinsic theta sequences are less prominent in the theta state, but we show that they can nevertheless be detected during theta activity, thereby serving as running-direction independent landmark cues. We hypothesize that the intrinsic sequences largely reflect replay and preplay activity during non-theta states.
Amphioxus as a model to study the evolution of development in chordates
Authors: D'Aniello Salvatore , Bertrand Stephanie , Escriva Hector
Published: September 2023

Cephalochordates and tunicates represent the only two groups of invertebrate chordates, and extant cephalochordates – commonly known as amphioxus or lancelets – are considered the best proxy for the chordate ancestor, from which they split around 520 million years ago. Amphioxus has been an important organism in the fields of zoology and embryology since the 18th century, and the morphological and genomic simplicity of cephalochordates (compared to vertebrates) makes amphioxus an attractive model for studying chordate biology at the cellular and molecular levels. Here we describe the life cycle of amphioxus, and discuss the natural histories and habitats of the different species of amphioxus. We also describe their use as laboratory animal models, and discuss the techniques that have been developed to study different aspects of amphioxus.
Neural correlates of perceptual similarity masking in primate V1
Authors: Chen Spencer Chin-Yu , Chen Yuzhi , Geisler Wilson S , Seidemann Eyal
Published: September 2023

Visual detection is a fundamental natural task. Detection becomes more challenging as the similarity between the target and the background in which it is embedded increases, a phenomenon termed ‘similarity masking’. To test the hypothesis that V1 contributes to similarity masking, we used voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) to measure V1 population responses while macaque monkeys performed a detection task under varying levels of target-background similarity. Paradoxically, we find that during an initial transient phase, V1 responses to the target are enhanced, rather than suppressed, by target-background similarity. This effect reverses in the second phase of the response, so that in this phase V1 signals are positively correlated with the behavioral effect of similarity. Finally, we show that a simple model with delayed divisive normalization can qualitatively account for our findings. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a nonlinear gain control mechanism in V1 contributes to perceptual similarity masking.
Measures of genetic diversification in somatic tissues at bulk and single cell resolution suggest sources of unknown stochasticity
Authors: Moeller Marius E. , Mon Père Nathaniel V. , Werner Benjamin , Huang Weini
Published: September 2023

Intra-tissue genetic heterogeneity is universal to both healthy and cancerous tissues. It emerges from the stochastic accumulation of somatic mutations throughout development and homeostasis. By combining population genetics theory and genomic information, genetic heterogeneity can be exploited to infer tissue organisation and dynamics
in vivo
. However, many basic quantities, for example the dynamics of tissue specific stem cells remain difficult to quantify precisely. Here we show that single cell and bulk sequencing data inform on different aspects of the underlying stochastic processes. Bulk derived variant allele frequency spectra (VAF) show transitions from growing to constant stem cell populations with age in samples of healthy oesophagus epithelium. Single-cell mutational burden distributions allow a sample size independent measure of mutation and proliferation rates. Mutation rates in adult haematopietic stem cells are higher compared to inferences during development, suggesting additional proliferation independent effects. Furthermore, single cell derived VAF spectra contain information on the number of tissue specific stem cells. In haematopiesis, we find approximately 2 × 10
5
HSCs, if all stem cells divide symmetrically. However, the single cell mutational burden distribution is over-dispersed compared to a model of Poisson distributed random mutations suggesting currently unknown processes induce additional stochasticity. Possible candidates for these processes may be occasional bursts of stem cell divisions, potentially in response to injury, or non-constant mutation rates either through environmental exposures or cell intrinsic variation.
Towards a Neurometric-based Construct Validity of Trust
Authors: Chen Pin-Hao A. , Fareri Dominic , Güroğlu Berna , Delgado Mauricio R. , Chang Luke J.
Published: September 2023

Trust is a nebulous construct central to successful cooperative exchanges and interpersonal relationships. In this study, we introduce a new approach to establishing construct validity of trust using “neurometrics”. We develop a whole-brain multivariate pattern capable of classifying whether new participants will trust a relationship partner in the context of a cooperative interpersonal investment game (n=40) with 90% accuracy and find that it also generalizes to a variant of the same task collected in a different country with 82% accuracy (n=17). Moreover, we establish the convergent and discriminant validity by testing the pattern on thirteen separate datasets (n=1,427) and find that trust is reliably related to beliefs of safety, inversely related to negative affect, but unrelated to reward, cognitive control, social perception, theory of mind, and self-referential processing. Together these results provide support for the notion that the psychological experience of trust contains elements of beliefs of reciprocation and fear of betrayal aversion. Contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence that trust is related to anticipated reward. This work demonstrates how “neurometrics” can be used to characterize the psychological processes associated with brain-based multivariate representations.
Meningeal cryptococcosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Messina Fernando Antonio , Benchetrit Andrés , Bocassi Andrea , Romero María de las Mercedes , Bauer Sofía , Marín Emmanuel , Bertera Facundo , Onis Guillermo , Enzenhofer Matías , Sánchez Milagro , Mammana Lilia , Mijalovsky Dana , Santiso Gabriela
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 was one of the most debated topics during the pandemic.Objectives. To analyze the clinical characteristics and evolution of people living with HIV/AIDS and coinfection with cryptococcus and COVID-19 (group A) or without it (group B).Materials and methods. This is an analytical and retrospective study. We reviewed medical records of patients with meningeal cryptococcosis between April 2020 and May 2021.Results. We studied 65 people living with HIV/AIDS and with cryptococcosis infection diagnosed from April 2020 to May 2021. Fifteen patients with HIV/AIDS suffered from cryptococcosis and COVID-19, and out of these, 14 presented meningitis (group A), while 28 suffered from meningeal cryptococcosis, but did not have COVID-19 (group B).Conclusions. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (A and B) considering: intracranial hypertension, presence of Cryptococcus antigens in cerebrospinal fluid, sensorium deterioration or mortality.The detection of Cryptococcus antigens in serum by lateral flow assay was highly effective to rapidly diagnose cryptococcosis in patients with HIV/AIDS who also developed COVID-19. Patients of both groups consulted for cryptoccocosis sometime after, in comparison with the pre-pandemic cases related to this infection.
Evaluación in vitro y QSAR (Quantitative and Structure-Activity Relationship) de la actividad antifúngica de terpenoides obtenidos de aceites esenciales frente a Alternaria alternata y Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Andrade-Ochoa Sergio , Sánchez-Aldana Daniela , Rodríguez-Valdez Luz María , Nevárez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Fungal genera Alternaria and Fusarium include human and plant pathogenic species. Several antifungals have been used for their control, but excessive use has contributed to resistance development in pathogens. An alternative to searching for and developing new antifungal agents is using essential oils and their main components, which have biological activities of interest in medicine and food production.Objective. To evaluate in vitro and in silico the antifungal activities of terpenoids against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum.Materials and methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 27 constituents of essential oils used against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated in vitro. In addition, using genetic algorithms, quantitative models of the structure-activity relationship were used to identify the structural and physicochemical properties related to antifungal activity.Results. The evaluated compounds proved to be effective antifungals. Thymol was the most active with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 91.6 ± 28.8 μg/ml for A. alternata and F. oxysporum. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models revealed the octanolwater cleavage ratio as the molecular property, and the phenols as the main functional group contributing to antifungal activity.Conclusion. Terpenoids exhibit relevant antifungal activities that should be incorporated into the study of medicinal chemistry. Inclusion of in silico assays in the in vitro evaluation is a valuable tool in the search for and rational design of terpene derivatives as new potential antifungal agents.
Disaster mycology
Authors: Smith Daniel F. Q , Casadevall Arturo
Published: September 2023

Natural and human-made disasters have long played a role in shaping the environment and microbial communities, also affecting non-microbial life on Earth. Disaster microbiology is a new concept based on the notion that a disaster changes the environment causing adaptation or alteration of microbial populations –growth, death, transportation to a new area, development traits, or resistance– that can have downstream effects on the affected ecosystem. Such downstream effects include blooms of microbial populations and the ability to colonize a new niche or host, cause disease, or survive in former extreme conditions.Throughout history, fungal populations have been affected by disasters. There are prehistoric archeological records of fungal blooms after asteroid impacts and fungi implicated in the fall of the dinosaurs. In recent times, drought and dust storms have caused disturbance of soil fungi, and hurricanes have induced the growth of molds on wet surfaces, resulting in an increased incidence of fungal disease. Probably, the anticipated increase in extreme heat would force fungi adaptation to survive at high temperatures, like those in the human body, and thus be able to infect mammals. This may lead to a drastic rise of new fungal diseases in humans.
Expression profiles of circular RNAs and interaction networks of competing endogenous RNAs in neurogenic bladder of rats following suprasacral spinal cord injury
Authors: Ruan Jimeng , Cui Xin , Yan Hao , Jia Chunsong , Ou Tongwen , Shang Zhenhua
Published: September 2023

Background

Neurogenic bladder (NB) following suprasacral spinal cord injury (SSCI) is an interstitial disease with the structural remodeling of bladder tissue and matrix over-deposition. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in fibrotic disease development through their post-transcriptional regulatory functions. This study aimed to use transcriptome high-throughput sequencing to investigate the process of NB and bladder fibrosis after SSCI.

Methods

Spinal cord transection at the T10–T11 level was used to construct the SSCI model in rats (10–week–old female Wistar rats, weighing 200 ± 20 g). The bladders were collected without (sham group) and with (SSCI 1–3 groups) NB status. Morphological examination was conducted to assess the extent of bladder fibrosis. Additionally, RNA sequencing was utilized to determine mRNAs and circRNAs expression patterns. The dynamic changes of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and circRNAs (DECs) in different periods of SSCI were further analyzed.

Results

Bladder weight, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, and extracellular matrix gradually increased after SSCI. Compared with the sham group, 3,255 DEMs and 1,339 DECs, 3,449 DEMs and 1,324 DECs, 884 DEMs, and 1,151 DECs were detected in the SSCI 1–3 groups, respectively. Specifically, circRNA3621, circRNA0617, circRNA0586, and circRNA4426 were significant DECs common to SSCI 1–3 groups compared with the sham group. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment suggested that inflammatory and chronic inflammatory responses were the key events in NB progression following SSCI. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment associated with the “Chemokine signaling pathway”, the “IL-17 signaling pathway”, and the “TGF-beta signaling pathway” suggests their potential involvement in regulating biological processes. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks of DECs revealed rno-circ-2239 (micu2) as the largest node, indicating that the rno-circ-2239–miRNA–mRNA–mediated network may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SSCI-induced NB.

Conclusions

This study offers a comprehensive outlook on the possible roles of DEMs and DECs in bladder fibrosis and NB progression following SSCI. These findings have the potential to serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.