bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of the impact of interdisciplinary citation on the aging of library and information science
Authors: Yang Qian , Shen Xukang , Song Yanhui , Chen Shiji
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the citation aging pattern of Library and Information Science (LIS) and further investigate the impact of interdisciplinary citation on the aging of scientific literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines LIS journal articles published between 2016 and 2020. Articles were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and were organized using Scopus's discipline classification system. Citation aging patterns within LIS are described using literature aging indicators. The study examines the effect of interdisciplinary citations on the literature aging pattern by comparing the half-life of LIS literature and the median age of interdisciplinary citations.

Findings

The study results show that the citation aging rate of LIS in the last five years has been slow, and the rate of slowing down is decreasing. Interdisciplinary citations are sourced from various disciplines, focusing on computer science, social sciences and business. The proportion of self-citations is declining. The Reference Diversity Index (RDI) increases from 0.690 to 0.724 between 2016 and 2020. Currently, the median age of interdisciplinary citations is higher than the LIS's half-life. It has a diminishing effect on the citation aging rate. But the median age of interdisciplinary citations is decreasing. The interdisciplinary citation may contribute to the literature aging rate in the future. The effect of interdisciplinary citation on literature aging needs to be judged dialectically.

Research limitations/implications

This study still has some limitations. Due to the wide variety of citation journals in LIS, there is no database to cover all journals, so it is impossible to match all citation journals with disciplines. Therefore, it is still feasible to analyze interdisciplinary citations based on the two-eight principle for large-scale data. This approach necessarily sacrifices some of the precision of the study. However, the results of this paper can still be helpful for the development of the discipline. In addition, LIS is a discipline with solid cross-cutting properties, and this paper concludes only with this interdisciplinary discipline in mind. It is necessary to test the applicability of the findings to other disciplines.

Originality/value

The study explores the impact of interdisciplinary citation on literature aging from a professional communication perspective. The results reveal underlying reasons for the aging of scientific literature. These findings further enrich the study of the effect of interdisciplinary communication.
What are the factors affecting the participation of postgraduate students in research processes? From motivational variables to demographic variables
Authors: Doulani Abbas , Hossaini Masoumeh
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the motivation of graduate students of information science in scientific and research activities and science production. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type and method.

Design/methodology/approach

The study's statistical population includes all postgraduate information science students studying in public universities. The random sampling method was simple. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the collected data by SPSS software.

Findings

Findings showed that all the main variables (internal motivations, external motivations, self-empowerment, and intellectual and specialized interactions) affect the participation of postgraduate students in research and scientific activities. Among the identified components, the creation of opportunities, research facilities, innovation, and formal relations between students and professors, has the most significant impact on students' motivation to participate in scientific and research activities and science production. There was no significant difference between education and age. From the results obtained from the present study, it can be said that the above variables, which were divided into four categories, with the intensity of the participation of graduate students of universities that in the present study examined the field of librarianship and information, with power and Or weakness are influential. This means that the students at the beginning of the research path, in other words, will be future researchers, should be constantly monitored as a source in the production of science.

Originality/value

This research is one of the few types of research that examines the influential variables in increasing the motivation to participate in the study, considering the population of postgraduate students of universities and scientific institutions as drivers of science production.
Mindfulness and banking customers’ quality of life
Authors: Burhanudin Burhanudin
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Quality of life is a concern of banking customers, but it has received little attention in studies conducted within the banking context. This study aims to investigate the influence of mindfulness on customers’ quality of life and the mediating role of service value, satisfaction and loyalty to the company in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Three hundred banking customers participated in the survey. In this study, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the relationship between the variables. Then, complementary methods were used to assess the robustness of the PLS-SEM results.

Findings

In this study, it was found that mindfulness directly influences service value, satisfaction and quality of life. Service value was also found to directly influence satisfaction. Satisfaction directly influences loyalty to the company. In addition, loyalty to the company, but not satisfaction, directly influences quality of life. However, this study did not find any evidence that service value, satisfaction and loyalty to the company mediate the influence of mindfulness on quality of life.

Practical implications

Banking marketing managers need to ensure that their customers have an impressive moment-to-moment experience with the services provided to support improving their quality of life.

Originality/value

The findings help to advance the understanding of how banks can improve their customers’ quality of life while maintaining the well-being of other stakeholders.
Servant leadership and tourism businesses’ outcomes: a multiple mediation model
Authors: Al-Azab Mahmoud Ramadan , Al-Romeedy Bassam Samir
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims at explore the intervening role of servant leadership in tourism businesses' outcomes, in the context of travel agencies. Drawing on servant leadership theory, the authors develop a multimediation model exploring the relationships between servant leadership and person–job fit, work–life balance, work engagement, innovative work behavior and job crafting.

Design/methodology/approach

Using SmartPLS3, data collected from 942 travel agencies operating in Egypt, a questionnaire was used to obtain data on how travel agency employees envisage their organization’s adoption of servant leadership, person–job fit, job crafting, work–life balance, work engagement and innovative work behavior.

Findings

The authors show that servant leadership correlates positively with person–job fit, work–life balance, work engagement, innovative work behavior and job crafting, while job crafting correlates positively with work–life balance, work engagement and innovative work behaviors. The partial mediating roles of both job crafting and person–job fit in the link between servant leadership and work–life balance, and the partial mediating role of work engagement in the link between servant leadership and innovative work behaviors.

Originality/value

Up to date, research on the effects of servant leadership on person–job fit, job crafting, work–life balance, work engagement and innovative work behavior has been inadequate. In terms of contextual applicability, an empirical investigation of the relationship between these factors in travel agencies is not available. By empirically examining these relationships in the context of Egyptian travel agencies, the current study has bridged a gap in the tourism and hospitality literature, human resources management and organizational behavior literature.
The effect of pH on the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of three different mustard extracts
Authors: Nguyen Thu , Nandasiri Ruchira , Fadairo Olamide , Eskin Michael N. A.
Published: June 2023

Mustard seeds are cultivated worldwide due to their substantial agronomic value of their high protein, oil, and phenolic content. The latter bioactive compounds give mustard seeds various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and chemoprotective agents. By modifying the pretreatment and extraction conditions, a significant improvement in the quantity and quality of these crucial compounds was obtained. Based on the electrostatic interactions between the solvents and the extracts, an alternative green extraction procedure was used on three varieties of mustard seeds (Oriental, black, and yellow). Preliminary results demonstrated an interesting trend in which the isoelectric pH value affected the antioxidant activity of the extracts. A number of different antioxidant assays together with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were conducted on the three different mustard seeds as affected by different combinations of times and pHs. With the exception of metal ion chelation assay, the other antioxidant methods, including ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical‐scavenging assay and ABTS•+ scavenging assay, significantly (p < 0.05) increased with the pretreatment time for all three pH levels studied. Interestingly, the TPC significantly increased (p < 0.05) with the lower pH level treatments. The highest TPC (2040.32 ± 360.12 mg/g dry weight basis) was obtained from yellow mustard seed under neutral treatment. Conversely, TFC showed no significant differences among the different pretreatment time conditions closer to the neutral pH.

Practical Application

The usage of food‐based solvents with the assistance of a home‐scale pressurized wet extraction model represents a green technology that can contribute to a wide variety of applications. This method significantly improved the phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of the mustard extracts, thus making water the most promising extracted solvent.
Deficient knowledge in patients with heart failure: A study of diagnostic accuracy and etiological relationships
Authors: Santana de Araújo Suelayne , da Silva Cláudia Gabrielle , de Oliveira Mangueira Suzana , Brandão de Carvalho Lira Ana Luísa , de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios , Lopes Camila Takáo , de Queiroz Frazão Cecília Maria Farias
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of defining characteristics and causal relationships of the etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis deficient knowledge in individuals with heart failure .

Data sources

An analytical, cross‐sectional study on the diagnostic accuracy of the defining characteristics and causal relationships of the etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis. The sample consisted of 140 patients with chronic HF and in outpatient follow‐up. The latent class analysis method was used to test the accuracy of measurements and estimate the prevalence of the diagnosis. The calculation of subsequent probabilities and the odds ratio ( were also parameters employed. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco.

Data synthesis

The diagnosis had an estimated prevalence of 38.57% in the sample. The inaccurate statements about the disease and/or therapy, self‐care deficient performance, and inadequate behavior were the clinical indicators that best predicted the presence of the diagnosis and demonstrated the same sensitivity value (1.0000), specificity (1.0000), and 95% confidence interval (0.9999–1.0000) for all. The populations at risk was elderly (OR = 2.12, confidence interval 95% = 1.05–4.27), and illiterate individuals (OR = 2.07, confidence interval 95% = 1.03–4.16) had an approximately twofold great chance of developing havening deficient knowledge.

Conclusion

The evaluation of the accuracy of clinical indicators, corresponding to the defining characteristics in the study, contributed to screening and diagnostic establishment capacity in clinical practice, and to the translation of theoretical and practical knowledge.

Implications for nursing practice

Accurate clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis deficient knowledge facilitate the clinical reasoning of nurses and favor the professional's role in the development of health education strategies focused on the acquisition of knowledge about the disease by patients, family members, and caregivers.
Influence of environmental factors on small mammal communities along an altitudinal gradient of Mount Rungwe in South Western Tanzania
Authors: Upendo Richard , Flora Magige , Byamungu Robert M.
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the small mammal community in Mount Rungwe, Tanzania. To achieve this, three habitats low‐, mid‐mountainous forests at 1700–2000 and 2000–2400 m a.s.l., respectively, and bushland habitats at 2400–2800 m a.s.l. were sampled. Animal samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons in year 2020 and 2021 using live traps. A total of 12 species of small mammals were collected, comprising of nine rodents and three shrews. During the wet season, nine species were recorded, while 10 species were recorded during the dry season. Small mammals were more diverse and richer in the mid‐montane forests than in the low‐montane and bushland habitats. Furthermore, bushland habitats had significantly lower species composition than low‐ and mid‐mountain forests. In addition, low‐mountain forest exhibited high degrees of dominance and low level of evenness. The observed spatio‐temporal patterns of small mammals in terms of composition, richness, diversity, evenness and dominance are related to differences in habitat structure and seasonal variations. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to monitor forest communities to ensuring sustainable biodiversity conservation, with a particular focus on protecting habitats to increase small mammal diversity under changing environmental conditions.
Functional genomics of the human epididymis: Further characterization of efferent ducts and model systems by single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Leir Shih‐Hsing , Paranjapye Alekh , Harris Ann
Published: June 2023

Background

The human epididymis is poorly studied due to the lack of availability of tissue samples. Our understanding of its structure and function depends upon anatomical and histological observations of archived material.

Objectives

Here we used single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technologies to elucidate the identity of cells within the human efferent ducts (EDs) and compared them to caput epididymis cells. We also compared the cellularity of primary tissues with those of 2D and 3D (organoid) culture models used for functional studies.

Materials and methods

Human epididymis tissue was dissected to separate different anatomical regions and digested to release single cells for processing on the 10X Genomics Chromium platform. Primary human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells and HEE organoids were grown as described previously and subjected to scRNA‐seq. scRNA‐seq data were processed by standard bioinformatics pipelines and used for comparative analysis.

Results

We define the cell types in the EDs which include specialized epithelial cells, connective tissue stromal cells, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, but lack basal cells that are seen in the caput epididymis. Furthermore, we identify a sub‐population of epithelial cells which have marker genes found in the bladder and urothelium. Comparative genomics analysis of the 2D and 3D culture models shows cellular identities adapted to the culture environment while still maintaining similarity to the primary tissue.

Discussion

Our data suggest that EDs are lined with a transitional epithelium, which like the urothelium is able to stretch and contract depending on luminal volume. This is consistent with its primary role in seminal fluid resorption and sperm concentration. Moreover, we describe the cellularity of models to study the human epididymis epithelium in vitro.

Conclusion

Single‐cell RNA‐seq data from the human epididymis make a valuable contribution to our understanding of this highly specialized organ.
Does attendance in outdoor kindergartens reduce the use of antibiotics in children?
Authors: Olsen Nanna Julie , Larsen Sofus Christian , Køster‐Rasmussen Rasmus , Rohde Jeanett Friis , Østergaard Jane Nautrup , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Specht Ina Olmer
Published: June 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine whether children enrolled in rural outdoor kindergartens had a lower risk of redeeming at least one prescription for antibiotics compared with children enrolled in urban conventional kindergartens, and if type of antibiotics prescribed differed according to kindergarten type.

Methods

Two Danish municipalities provided data including civil registration numbers from children enrolled in a rural outdoor kindergarten in 2011–2019, and a subsample of all children enrolled in urban conventional kindergartens in the same period. Civil registration numbers were linked to individual‐level information on redeemed prescriptions for antibiotics from the Danish National Prescription Registry. Regression models were performed on 2132 children enrolled in outdoor kindergartens, and 2208 children enrolled in conventional kindergartens.

Results

There was no difference between groups in risk of redeeming at least one prescription for all types of antibiotics (adjusted risk ratio: 0.97 [95% confidence intervals 0.93, 1.02, p = 0.26]).

Similarly, there were no differences between kindergarten type and risk of redeeming at least one prescription for systemic, narrow‐spectrum systemic antibacterial, broad‐spectrum systemic antibacterial or topical antibiotics.

Conclusion

Compared with children who were enrolled in conventional kindergartens, children who were enrolled in outdoor kindergartens did not have a lower risk of redeeming prescriptions for any type of antibiotics.
Risk perception in pregnancy: Patient‐physician discrepancies, information consumption, and mental health outcomes
Authors: Taouk Laura , Gunthert Kathleen , Schulkin Jay
Published: June 2023

Background

Little is known about the scope, causes, or consequences of risk overestimation. Our aim was to assess whether risk perceptions in pregnancy are heightened for a range of behaviors, related to consumption of health information, and associated with mental health indices.

Methods

One hundred and fifty members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were invited to participate in a patient–physician study, and 37% returned surveys. Physicians (n = 73) and prenatal patients (n = 388) rated the perceived safety of exposure to 40 behaviors during pregnancy. A subset of prenatal patients completed a postpartum follow‐up survey (n = 103).

Results

Statistical comparison of means indicated that patients overestimated the risk of 30 behaviors. Anchoring patient ratings against average physician ratings, 87.8% of total discrepancy scores reflected net risk overestimation. Greater risk overestimation was associated with higher consumption of pregnancy‐related health information, but was not associated with anxiety or depression symptoms.

Conclusions

Risk perceptions may be heightened across a range of behaviors during pregnancy, even when empirical evidence of risk is absent. Information consumption could be associated with risk estimation, but causality and directionality have not been established. Further research on risk perceptions could have implications for prenatal care.
Six‐year extension results of a randomized trial comparing transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation at sites with 3–6 mm of residual bone
Authors: Farina Roberto , Riccardi Orio , Schincaglia Gian Pietro , Severi Mattia , Trombelli Leonardo , Simonelli Anna
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To comparatively evaluate the 6‐year outcomes of transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation (tSFE and lSFE, respectively).

Methods

The 54 patients representing the per‐protocol population of a randomized trial comparing implant placement with simultaneous tSFE versus lSFE at sites with a residual bone height of 3–6 mm were invited to participate in the 6‐year follow‐up visit. Study assessments included: peri‐implant marginal bone level at the mesial (mMBL) and distal (dMBL) aspects of the implant, proportion of the entire implant surface in direct contact with the radiopaque area (totCON%), probing depth, bleeding on probing, suppuration on probing, and modified plaque index. Also, the conditions of the peri‐implant tissues at 6‐year visit were diagnosed according to the case definitions of peri‐implant health, mucositis, and peri‐implantitis from the 2017 World Workshop.

Results

Forty‐three patients (21 treated with tSFE and 22 treated with lSFE) participated in the 6‐year visit. Implant survival was 100%. At 6 years, totCON% was 96% (IR: 88%–100%) in tSFE group and 100% (IR: 98%–100%) in lSFE group (p = .036). No significant intergroup difference in patient distribution according to the diagnosis of peri‐implant health/disease was observed. Median dMBL was 0.3 mm in tSFE group and 0 mm in lSFE group (p = .024).

Conclusions

At 6 years following placement concomitantly with tSFE and lSFE, implants showed similar conditions of peri‐implant health. Peri‐implant bone support was high in both groups and was slightly but significantly lower in tSFE group.
Stereoelectroencephalography‐guided radiofrequency ablation of the epileptogenic zone as a treatment and predictor of future success of further surgical intervention
Authors: Shields Jessica A. , Greven Alex C. M. , Shivamurthy Veeresh K. N. , Dickey Adam S. , Matthews Rebecca E. , Laxpati Neal G. , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Drane Daniel L. , Isbaine Faical , Willie Jon T. , Bullinger Katie L. , Gross Robert E.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly being used as a treatment for drug‐resistant localization‐related epilepsy. The aim of this study is to analyze the successes and failures using RFA and how response correlates with surgical epilepsy treatment outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients who underwent RFA via SEEG electrodes. After excluding five, the remaining 57 were classified into subgroups based on procedures and outcomes. Forty patients (70%) underwent a secondary surgical procedure, of whom 32 were delayed: 26 laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), five resection, one neuromodulation. We determined the predictive value of RFA outcome upon subsequent surgical outcome by categorizing the delayed secondary surgery outcome as success (Engel I/II) versus failure (Engel III/IV). Demographic information, epilepsy characteristics, and the transient time of seizure freedom after RFA were calculated for each patient.

Results

Twelve of 49 patients (24.5%) who had RFA alone and delayed follow‐up achieved Engel class I. Of the 32 patients who underwent a delayed secondary surgical procedure, 15 achieved Engel class I and nine Engel class II (24 successes), and eight were considered failures (Engel class III/IV). The transient time of seizure freedom after RFA was significantly longer in the success group (4 months, SD = 2.6) as compared to the failure group (.75 months, SD = 1.16; p < .001). Additionally, there was a higher portion of preoperative lesional findings in patients in the RFA alone and delayed surgical success group (p = .03) and a longer time to seizure recurrence in the presence of lesions (p < .05). Side effects occurred in 1% of patients.

Significance

In this series, RFA provided a treatment during SEEG‐guided intracranial monitoring that led to seizure freedom in ~25% of patients. Of the 70% who underwent delayed surgery, longer transient time of seizure freedom after RFA was predictive of the results of the secondary surgeries, 74% of which were LITT.
Frugivoria: A trait database for birds and mammals exhibiting frugivory across contiguous Neotropical moist forests
Authors: Gerstner Beth E. , Bills Patrick , Zarnetske Phoebe L.
Published: June 2023

Motivation

Biodiversity in many areas is rapidly declining because of global change. As such, there is an urgent need for new tools and strategies to help identify, monitor and conserve biodiversity hotspots. This is especially true for frugivores, species consuming fruit, because of their important role in seed dispersal and maintenance of forest structure and health. One way to identify these areas is by quantifying functional diversity, which measures the unique roles of species within a community and is valuable for conservation because of its relationship with ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, the functional trait information required for these studies can be sparse for certain taxa and specific traits and difficult to harmonize across disparate data sources, especially in biodiversity hotspots. To help fill this need, we compiled Frugivoria, a trait database containing ecological, life‐history, morphological and geographical traits for mammals and birds exhibiting frugivory. Frugivoria encompasses species in contiguous moist montane forests and adjacent moist lowland forests of Central and South America—the latter specifically focusing on the Andean states. Compared with existing trait databases, Frugivoria harmonizes existing trait databases, adds new traits, extends traits originally only available for mammals to birds also and fills gaps in trait categories from other databases. Furthermore, we create a cross‐taxa subset of shared traits to aid in analysis of mammals and birds. In total, Frugivoria adds 8662 new trait values for mammals and 14,999 for birds and includes a total of 45,216 trait entries with only 11.37% being imputed. Frugivoria also contains an open workflow that harmonizes trait and taxonomic data from disparate sources and enables users to analyse traits in space. As such, this open‐access database, which aligns with FAIR data principles, fills a major knowledge gap, enabling more comprehensive trait‐based studies of species in this ecologically important region.

Main Types of Variable Contained

Ecological, life‐history, morphological and geographical traits.

Spatial Location and Grain

Neotropical countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, El Salvador, Belize, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Venezuela and Chile) with contiguous montane regions.

Time Period and Grain

IUCN spatial data: obtained February 2023, spanning range maps collated from 1998 to 2022. IUCN species data: obtained June 2019–September 2022. Newly included traits: span 1924 to 2023.

Major Taxa and Level of Measurement

Classes Mammalia and Aves; 40,074 species‐level traits; 5142 imputed traits for 1733 species (mammals: 582; birds: 1147) and 16 sub‐species (mammals).

Software Format

.csv; R.
‘When a patient chooses to die at home, that's what they want… comfort, home’: Brilliance in community‐based palliative care nursing
Authors: Dadich Ann , Hodgins Michael , Womsley Kerrie , Collier Aileen
Published: June 2023

Introduction

To redress the scholarly preoccupation with gaps, issues, and problems in palliative care, this article extends previous findings on what constitutes brilliant palliative care to ask what brilliant nursing practices are supported and promoted.

Methods

This study involved the methodology of POSH‐VRE, which combines positive organisational scholarship in healthcare (POSH) with video‐reflexive ethnography (VRE). From August 2015 to May 2017, inclusive, nurses affiliated with a community health service who delivered palliative care, contributed to this study as co‐researchers (n = 4) or participants (n = 20). Patients who received palliative care (n = 30) and carers (n = 16) contributed as secondary participants, as they were part of observed instances of palliative care. With a particular focus on the practices and experiences that exceeded expectations and brought joy and delight, the study involved capturing video‐recordings of community‐based palliative care in situ; reflexively analysing the recordings with the nurses; as well as ethnography to witness, experience, and understand practices and experiences. Data were analysed, teleologically, to clarify what brilliant practices were supported and promoted.

Results

Brilliant community‐based palliative care nursing largely involved maintaining normality in patients’ and carers’ lives. The nurses demonstrated this by masking the clinical aspects of their role, normalising these aspects, and appreciating alternative ‘normals’.

Conclusion

Redressing the scholarly preoccupation with gaps, issues, and problems in palliative care, this article demonstrates how what is ordinary is extraordinary. Specifically, given the intrusiveness and abnormalising effects of technical clinical interventions, brilliant community‐based palliative care can be realised when nurses enact practices that serve to promote a patient or carer to normality.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and carers contributed to this study as participants, while nurses contributed to this study as co‐researchers in the conduct of the study, the analysis and interpretation of the data, and the preparation of the article.
Good CARMA: Turning bad tumor‐resident myeloid cells good with chimeric antigen receptor macrophages
Authors: Snyder Christopher M. , Gill Saar I.
Published: June 2023

In religious philosophy, the concept of karma represents the effect of one's past and present actions on one's future. Macrophages are highly plastic cells with myriad roles in health and disease. In the setting of cancer, macrophages are among the most plentiful members of the immune microenvironment where they generally support tumor growth and restrain antitumor immunity. However, macrophages are not necessarily born bad. Macrophages or their immediate progenitors, monocytes, are induced to traffic to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and during this process they are polarized toward a tumor‐promoting phenotype. Efforts to deplete or repolarize tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) for therapeutic benefit in cancer have to date disappointed. By contrast, genetic engineering of macrophages followed by their transit into the TME may allow these impressionable cells to mend their ways. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the genetic engineering of macrophages for the treatment of cancer.
The earthquakes in Turkey and their effects on nursing and community health
Authors: Harmanci Seren Arzu Kader , Dikeç Gül
Published: June 2023

Background

Severe damage was experienced in 10 provinces in Turkey, and the north of Syria, with the earthquakes that hit Kahramanmaraş at midnight and afternoon on February 6, 2023.

Aim

The authors aimed to give brief information to the international nursing community about the situation related to earthquakes in the aspects of nurses.

Conclusion

These earthquakes caused traumatic processes in the affected regions. Many people, including nurses and other healthcare professionals, died or were injured. The results demonstrated that the required preparedness had not been applied. Nurses went to these areas voluntarily or on assignment and cared for individuals with injured. The universities in the country passed to distance education because of the shortage of safe places for victims. This situation also negatively influenced nursing education and clinical practice by interrupting in‐person education one more time after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy

Since the outcomes show a need for well‐organized health and nursing care, policymakers may consider getting nurses' contributions to the disaster preparedness and management policy‐making processes.
Viscous healing of Vickers indentation–induced cracks in glass
Authors: Blaeß Carsten , Müller Ralf
Published: June 2023

Viscous healing of cracks induced by the Vickers indentation in a soda lime magnesium silicate, a soda borosilicate, and a soda aluminosilicate glass (NAS) was studied by laser scanning microscopy. Plots of the crack length, width, and depth normalized to the initial crack length versus time over viscosity merge into single master curves of each of these quantities for each glass. Despite glass properties do not differ strikingly from each other, however, these master curves strongly differ among the glasses. This finding was attributed to a different interplay of various crack healing phenomena. Lateral cracks were found to be responsible for the bulging of the sample surface around the Vickers imprint, which in turn promotes radial crack widening as the main cause of healing delay. The most rapid healing of lateral cracks was observed in NAS in which bulging and crack widening were least pronounced.
Capacitive discharge in flash experiments: A discussion of the charged species
Authors: Jo Seohyeon , Lee Minhyea , Leahy Ian Andreas , Vendrell Xavier , Raj Rishi
Published: June 2023

We report on the discharge of the capacitance formed at the electrodes in flash experiments with yttria stabilized zirconia. The experiments were carried out by disconnecting the current, and, instead, short circuiting the electrodes through a resistor. The time dependent voltage across the resistor was measured; the ratio yielded the discharge current. The current decayed exponentially with time, as expected in an RC circuit, which allowed the measurement of the capacitance. Experiments were carried out in two ways. In one case the specimens were flashed within a glove box filled with Ar (< 1 ppm O2): these yielded electronic conductors. In the other case the specimens were flashed in ambient air: while electronically conducting in‐flash these specimens recover their prior insulating behavior as soon as the current is turned off. The stored charge was two orders of magnitude greater in the Ar experiments. Rather unexpectedly, the sign of the voltage expressed at the electrodes was opposite in experiments carried out in air and in Ar. The capacitance measured in the discharge experiments is attributed to the formation of space charge adjacent to the electrodes. In the case of Ar experiments, the capacitance is very large, approaching 1 F; in this case the space charge is expected to be constituted from ions. In the air experiments the specimen becomes insulating, trapping the electrons as a space charge. Hall effect measurements of the carrier density and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of electronically conducting single crystal specimen of cubic zirconia are reported.
Fabrication and characterizations of Ho3Sc2Al3O12 magneto‐optical transparent ceramics
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Nan , Luo Qi , Wu Yiheng , Feng Guiqing , Wang Fang , Li Yuxia , Wang Shuaihua , Wu Shaofan
Published: June 2023

Currently, Faraday isolators and rotators for high‐power lasers are popular research topics; therefore, finding magneto‐optical materials with excellent Verdet constants and thermal properties is crucial. In this study, novel holmium scandium aluminum garnet (HoSAG) magneto‐optical ceramics were fabricated using vacuum sintering. This study improved the traditional ball milling method and pre‐synthesized powders with great sinterability after secondary ball milling and sieving. Different pre‐synthesis temperatures were found to have significant effects on the particle size and micromorphology of the synthesized powders. HoSAG ceramics with 0.05 wt% MgO sintering aid and held at 1700°C for 30 h reached a transmittance of 76.7% at 1550 nm. Meanwhile, HoSAG transparent ceramics maintain higher transmittance in the infrared region (>1500 nm) than terbium gallium garnet (TGG) crystals, indicating better application prospects. The Verdet constants of HoSAG magneto‐optical ceramics at 405, 532, 808, and 1064 nm were −421.5, −181.2, −65, and −32.3 rad T−1 m−1, respectively, which are slightly less than those of TGG magneto‐optical ceramics. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of HoSAG ceramics at 300.00 K was 4.89 W m−1 K−1, which is comparable to that of the TGG ceramics.
Perceived sexualization of the work environment's influence on well‐being, attitudes, and behaviors: The roles of organizational dehumanization and enjoyment of sexualization
Authors: Demoulin Stephanie , Brison Noémie , Stinglhamber Florence
Published: June 2023

The present research investigates whether employees' perceptions of being dehumanized by their organization act as an underlying mechanism in the relationship between sexualized work environments (SWE) and their detrimental consequences. The research also examines the moderating role of enjoyment of sexualization (ES) in the relationship between SWE and organizational dehumanization (OD). First, a cross‐sectional study (N = 350) showed that SWE positively relate to OD which, in turn, negatively affects employees' well‐being (i.e., increased emotional exhaustion, increased psychological strains), attitudes (i.e., decreased job satisfaction), and behaviors at work (i.e., increased turnover intentions). A second study (N = 433) replicated these findings and further revealed the moderating role of employees' ES. Specifically, the relationship between SWE and OD proved to be stronger at lower levels of ES. Finally, additional exploratory analyses highlighted that the moderating role of ES was not conditional upon employees' gender. Theoretical contributions and promising avenues for future research as well as are discussed.
Sexual signal evolution and patterns of assortative mating across an intraspecific contact zone
Authors: Pascal Florine J. M. , Vega Andrés , Akopyan Maria , Hoke Kim L. , Robertson Jeanne M.
Published: June 2023

Contact zones provide important insights into the evolutionary processes that underlie lineage divergence and speciation. Here, we use a contact zone to ascertain speciation potential in the red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas), a brightly coloured and polymorphic frog that exhibits unusually high levels of intraspecific variation. Populations of A. callidryas differ in a number of traits, several of which are known sexual signals that mediate premating reproductive isolation in allopatric populations. Along the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, a ~100 km contact zone, situated between two phenotypically and genetically divergent parent populations, contains multiple colour pattern phenotypes and late-generation hybrids. This contact zone provides the opportunity to examine processes that are important in the earliest stages of lineage divergence. We performed analyses of colour pattern variation in five contact zone sites and six parental sites and found complex, continuous colour variation along the contact zone. We found discordance between the geographic distribution of colour pattern and previously described genomic population structure. We then used a parental site and contact zone site to measure assortative mating and directional selection from naturally-occurring amplectant mating pairs. We found assortative mating in a parental population, but no assortative mating in the contact zone. Furthermore, we uncovered evidence of directional preference towards the adjacent parental phenotype in the contact zone population, but no directional preference in the parent population. Combined, these data provide insights into potential dynamics at the contact zone borders and indicate that incipient speciation between parent populations will be slowed.

Abstract

Agalychnis callidryas exhibit both high intraspecific color pattern variation and assortative mating between different populations. A new analysis of both color pattern and mating behaviors in a contact zone of A. callidryas (rather than previously studied monotypic populations) found that the contact zone exhibits continuous color variation, as well as a breakdown of the assortative mating found in parental populations. Instead, there is evidence for directional selection towards a specific male color pattern.
Gene expression underlying variation in the survival skills of red drum larvae (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Authors: Smith Samantha K. , Aglyamova Galina , Oberg Erik W. , Fuiman Lee A. , Matz Mikhail V.
Published: June 2023

Mortality rates of marine fish larvae are incredibly high and can determine year‐class strength. The major causes of larval mortality are predation and starvation, and the performance of larvae in survival skills that can mitigate this mortality (predator evasion, foraging) varies among individuals and cohorts, but the causes of the variation are not known. Transcriptomics can link gene expression variation to phenotypic variation at the whole‐system level to investigate the molecular basis of behavioural variation. We used tag‐based RNA‐sequencing to examine the molecular basis of variation in predator evasion and routine swimming (trait related to foraging efficiency) in the larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. We looked for functional gene networks in which interindividual variation would explain variation in larval behavioural performance. We identified co‐expressed gene groups (“modules”) associated with predator evasion traits and found enrichment of motor, neural and energy metabolism pathways. These functional associations and pattern of correlations between modules and traits suggest that energy availability and allocation were responsible for the magnitude of startle responses, while differential neural and motor activation were associated with differences in response latency.
Current and future treatment for alcoholic‐related liver diseases
Authors: Yoon Eileen L. , Kim Won
Published: June 2023

The socioeconomic burden of alcohol‐related liver disease has been increasing worldwide. Its prevalence is underestimated, and patients with alcohol‐related liver disease are rarely diagnosed in the earlier phase of the disease spectrum. Alcoholic hepatitis is a distinct syndrome with life‐threatening signs of systemic inflammation. In severe alcoholic hepatitis, prednisolone is indicated as the first‐line treatment even with the possibility of various complications. Early liver transplantation can be another option for highly selected patients with a null response to prednisolone. Most importantly, abstinence is the mainstay of long‐term care, but relapse is frequent among patients. Recent findings on the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis have enabled us to discover new therapeutic targets. Preventing hepatic inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, improving gut dysbiosis, and enhancing liver regeneration are the main targets of emerging therapies. Herein, we review the pathogenesis, current treatment, and barriers to successful clinical trials of alcoholic hepatitis. Additionally, clinical trials for alcoholic hepatitis, either ongoing or recently completed, will be briefly introduced.
Astragaloside IV alleviates neuronal ferroptosis in ischemic stroke by regulating fat mass and obesity‐associated—N6‐methyladenosine—acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 axis
Authors: Jin Zhenglong , Gao Wenying , Guo Fu , Liao Shaojun , Hu Mingzhe , Yu Tao , Yu Shangzhen , Shi Qing
Published: June 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a detrimental neurological disease with limited treatment options. Astragaloside IV (As‐IV) was a promising bioactive constituent in the treatment of IS. However, the functional mechanism remains unclear. Here, IS cell and mouse models were established by oxygen glucose deprivation/re‐oxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT–qPCR), Western blotting, or Immunofluorescence staining measured related gene and protein expression of cells or mice brain tissues, and the results revealed altered expression of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (Acsl4), fat mass and obesity‐associated (Fto), and activation transcription factor 3 (Atf3) after treatment with As‐IV. Then, increased N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) levels caused OGD/R or MCAO were reduced by As‐IV according to the data from methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)‐qPCR and dot blot assays. Moreover, through a series of functional experiments such as observing mitochondrial changes under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), evaluating cell viability by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), analyzing infract area of brain tissues by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, measuring levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Fe2+, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and concentration of glutathione (GSH), we found that Fto knockdown, Acsl4 overexpression or Atf3 knockdown promoted the viability of OGD/R cells, inhibited cell ferroptosis, reduced infract size, while As‐IV treatment or Fto overexpression reversed these changes. In mechanism, the interplays of YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA‐binding protein 3 (Ythdf3)/Acsl4 and Atf3/Fto were analyzed by RNA‐pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Fto regulated the m6A levels of Acsl4. Ythdf3 bound to Acsl4, and modulated its levels through m6A modification. Atf3 bound to Fto and positively regulated its levels. Overall, As‐IV promoted the transcription of Fto by upregulating Atf3, resulting in decreased m6A levels of Acsl4, thus, improving neuronal injury in IS by inhibiting ferroptosis.

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Vertebral artery foraminal segment doppler sonography to detect vertebral and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Lee Tae‐Kyeong , Moon Ji Eun
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose

The diagnostic value of vertebral artery foraminal segment (V2) ultrasonography remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the predictive value of V2 Doppler imaging for the detection of vertebrobasilar stenosis or occlusion.

Methods

Three hundred sixty‐four vertebral arteries from 182 patients were investigated. Abnormal Doppler spectra were categorized as high‐resistance flow (resistive index ≥0.9), low‐resistance flow (resistive index ≤0.5), increased flow velocity (peak systolic velocity ≥137.5 cm/second), or no flow signal. On MR angiography, stenosis and occlusion were defined as >50% narrowing and absent flow signals, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results

Sixty of 364 vertebral arteries (16.5%) had V2 Doppler abnormalities, while 89 vertebrobasilar arteries (24.5%) had a stenosis or occlusion. The Doppler abnormalities predicted any stenosis or occlusion in the vertebrobasilar artery with a sensitivity of 56.2% and specificity of 96.4% (PPV, 83.3%; NPV, 87.2%). The hypoplastic vertebral artery (lumen diameter ≤2.7 mm) was more frequently associated with vertebrobasilar stenosis or occlusion, and with abnormal Doppler spectra (mostly high‐resistance flow), even when it was nonstenotic, than the normal‐diameter vertebral artery (p < .001, chi‐square test).

Conclusions

: The low sensitivity seems to be due to the high prevalence of non‐V2 lesions not detected on V2 Doppler imaging, suggesting the necessity for a more extensive sonographic examination beyond V2. However, PPV and NPV ≥80% may suggest its usefulness in clinical practice.