bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEGEL’İN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK FELSEFESİ
Authors: GÜNEYSU Gökhan
Published: December 2020

Hegel’in uluslararası ilişkiler ve hukuka ilişkin felsefesinin çeşitli yorumları mevcuttur. Önemli sayıda yazar, Hegel’i realist kuramın öncüleri arasında sayarken, az sayıdaki bazı düşünürler Hegel’de bir liberal kuram temsilcisi görebilmektedir. Bu tartışmaların ışığında, bu çalışmanın konusu Hegel’in; devlet, sivil toplum, uluslararası hukuk ve tanıma konularındakini yaklaşımını incelemektir. Hegel’de devlet mutlaktır. Önemli görevler üstlenecek bürokratik kadrolara ihtiyaç duyar. Bununla beraber, sivil toplum ve orada geliştirilen ilişkiler de önemlidir. İkincisinin her hal ve şartta ilkine fedası gibi bir durum söz konusu değildir. Tıpkı sivil toplumdaki gibi, tanıma kurumu uluslararası siyasal ilişkilerde de önemli roller oynar. Tanımanın, devletin meşruiyetini tamamlayıcı bir etkisi vardır. Tanımanın sonucu olarak, devletler birbirlerini devlet olarak görürler ve bu, savaş zamanı dahi devam edecek bir minimum hukukilik alanı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Hegel’in uluslararası hukuk felsefesinin, realist kuram ile benzeşen yahut bu kuramdan ayrılan yönleri ele alınacaktır. Burada temel ölçüt, Hegel düşüncesindeki devlet veya sivil toplum kavramlarından hangisine daha büyük önem verileceğidir.
RUSYA-JAPONYA İLİŞKİLERİNDE KURİL ADALARI SORUNU’NUN ANALİZİ
Authors: İPEK Niyazi
Published: December 2020

Rusya ve Japonya, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan beri devam eden toprak ihtilafı nedeniyle ilişkilerini özel bir düzlemde sürdürmektedir. Bugün bu iki komşunun karşılıklı ilişkileri, sahip oldukları bölgesel etki kapasitesi ve Kuril Adaları sorunun taşıdığı küresel etki nedeniyle ikili ilişkinin ötesinde bir anlam ifade etmektedir. Söz konu anlamın, inşacı teorinin savladığı sosyal inşa perspektifinden değerlendirileceği bu çalışma, tarafların ilişkilerine yön veren temel etmeni tespit etmeye çalışmaktadır.
İkinci Dünya Savaşında başlayan Kuril Adaları meselesi, nihai çözüme henüz ulaşmamıştır. Bu nedenle karşılıklı tehdit algısı, güven sorunu ve çekişme, dış politikaların karşılıklı olarak rekabet eksenli kurgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, söz konusu rekabetin tetikleyicisi olarak Kuril Adaları meselesinin ortaya çıkışını ve seyrini ele almaktadır. Ayrıca Kuril Adaları meselesinin Rusya-Japonya ilişkilerine olan etki kapasitesini değerlendirmektedir. Bununla birlikte, tarafların birbirlerini algılama biçimleri ve ulusal rollerine etkileri analiz edilmiştir. ABD’nin meseledeki özel konumu da incelemeye dâhil edilmiştir.
SÖMÜRGECİLİK MİRASININ SOMALİ’YE ETKİSİ
Authors: PİRİNÇÇİ Ferhat , DEMİRTAŞ Tunç
Published: December 2020

Geniş çerçevede Somali toprakları, sömürgecilik döneminde çoğu sömürge bölgelerinden farklı olarak İtalya, İngiltere ve Fransa olmak üzere üç ülke tarafından sömürülmüştür. Günümüz Somali sınırlarının İtalya ve İngiltere tarafından farklı biçimlerde yönetilmesi ülkenin sömürgecilik sonrası dönemde sürekli olarak sorunlar yaşamasında ve devletin kurumsal yapısının oluşturulamamasında önemli bir etken olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra Somali’nin sahip olduğu jeopolitik konum ve ekonomik kapasiteyi kullanamaması da sömürgecilik dönemi mirasından bağımsız değildir. Somali’de sömürgecilik döneminden sonra yaşanan iktidar mücadelesi sonucunda Siad Barre ülkede iktidarı ele geçirmiştir. Ancak Barre dönemi sonrasında ülke tam anlamıyla bir çöküş sürecine girmiş ve uluslararası toplum tarafından unutulmuştur. 2011’de dönemin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın Somali’ye geniş katılımlı bir heyetle gitmesi Somali’nin kaderini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu ziyaretten sonra Somali’ye diğer devletlerin angajmanında bir artış gözlenmiştir. Günümüzde Somali’de bölgesel ve küresel rekabet ciddi anlamda kendisini hissettirmektedir. Bu çalışma sömürgeciliğin Somali’ye nasıl etki ettiğini devletin yeniden yapılandırılması çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Çalışmada sömürge döneminin Somali’ye ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal açıdan yansımaları analiz edilmiştir. Nihayetinde Somali’de sömürgecilik döneminin mirasının henüz ortadan kalkmadığı değerlendirilmektedir.
GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRME ARACI OLARAK PROPAGANDA VE ALGI YÖNETİMİ: II. DÜNYA SAVAŞI’NDA AFİŞ VE POSTERLER
Authors: ŞAHİN Güngör , MERCİMEK Aslı
Published: December 2020

Tarihin ilk düzenli ordularından günümüze askeri strateji, teknolojik gelişmişlik düzeyi, ikmal desteği, askerlerin niteliği, saha ve manevra kabiliyetleri gibi birçok faktör yanında askeri psikoloji de savaşın galibini ya da mağlubunu belirlemiştir. I. Dünya Savaşı’nda cephelerin sivilleri de içine alacak şekilde genişlemesiyle birlikte sivil kayıpların artması sonucu, yeni bir psikoloji alanı ortaya çıkmıştır. Devlet yöneticileri, kamuoyunun ve halkının desteğini kazanmak için savaşın toplum tarafından nasıl algılandığı ile daha çok ilgilenmişler, toplumları savaşın gerekliliği ve haklılığına ikna etmek için söylevlerin yanı sıra görselliğe hitap eden propaganda unsurlarını da kullanmışlardır. 20. yüzyılın başından günümüze, afişler ve posterler propaganda aracı olarak toplumsal algının yönetilmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, II. Dünya Savaşı’nda propaganda ve algı yönetiminin afiş ve posterler aracılığı ile nasıl yürütüldüğünü örnekleriyle ortaya koymak, günümüzdeki “güvenlikleştirme” süreciyle benzerliğine ışık tutmaktır. Propaganda ve algı yönetimi faaliyetlerini incelemek, karar vericiler tarafında kullanılan “güvenlikleştirme” sürecinin nasıl işlediğini anlamak adına önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi ve veri toplama tekniği olarak literatür taraması kullanılmış ve döneme ait afiş ve posterler üzerinden içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, savaşın bir unsuru olarak yürütülen propaganda ve algı yönetimi faaliyetlerinin, savaşın gidişatını değiştirmenin, toplumları yönlendirmenin ve bireylerin desteğini kazanmanın en önemli yöntemlerinden biri olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effect of collagen fibres and elastic lamellae content on the mechanical behaviour of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Kobielarz Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was a detailed analysis of the mechanical and structural characteristics of human abdominal aneurysms in comparison with normal abdominal aortae and determination of the correlations between their mechanical behaviour and the microstructural content. Methods: Various mechanical properties, i.e., mechanical failure properties, elastic moduli, inflection point coordinates, index of anisotropy and incompressibility were determined under uniaxial loading conditions in the circumferential and axial directions. Constitutive parameters were derived from the commonly used constitutive model proposed by Holzapfel et al. [9]. The microstructural arrangement was examined by histological staining supported by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The content of collagen fibres and elastic lamellae was tested in relation to mechanical properties and constitutive parameters. Results: Significant differences were found in the microstructural arrangement and layer composition of the aneurysmal specimens, compared to the normal aorta group. The mechanical properties and constitutive parameters of the aneurysmal specimens were significantly altered, indicating a weakening of the load-bearing properties of the walls of the aneurysms. A comparative analysis discovered significant correlations between structural composition and mechanical parameters, in particular with respect to the number of collagen fibres and failure stress, which can be important for clinical evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture. Conclusions: Changes in the content of collagen fibres and elastic lamellae correlate with mechanical and constitutive parameters, indicating AAA severity.
The effect of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane on loads in the human musculoskeletal system
Authors: Michnik Robert , Zadoń Hanna , Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna , Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna , Myśliwiec Andrzej , Mitas Andrzej W.
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The research work aimed to perform the mathematical modelling-based assessment concerning the effect of the position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane on loads present in the musculoskeletal system in the standing position. Methods: The analysis of the effect of various positions of the pelvis was performed using the Free Posture Model in the AnyBody Modeling System software. Simulated positions involving various values of pelvis inclination ranged from the extreme pelvic retroposition (–7°) through normative values (0–23°) to the extreme pelvic anteversion (33°). Results: The lowest resultant reaction forces in the intervertebral joints recorded for an angle of inclination restricted within the range of 9–27° and segment L5–S1 amounted to less than 0.7 BW. A change in the pelvic inclination from the normative values towards retroposition or anteversion resulted in the increased muscular activity of the erector spinae, transverse abdominal muscles as well as internal and external oblique muscles. Regarding the lower limbs, changes in the activity were observed in the biceps femoris muscle, iliac muscle, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and the gluteus maximus. Conclusion: The results obtained in the research-related tests confirmed that the pelvic inclination affects loads present in the musculoskeletal system. The abovenamed results will be used to develop therapeutic exercises aimed to reduce loads present in the musculoskeletal system. The aforesaid exercises will be used to teach participants how to properly position their pelvis and how to activate individual groups of muscles.
INFORMATION FROM THE EGYPTIAN CHRONICLER ABD AZ-ZAHIR AS A SOURCE FOR THE HISTORY OF THE CRIMEA OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE XIII CENTURY
Authors: Sidorenko V. A.
Published: December 2020

This article is an attempt to restore the original text with the description held in the Crimea the fourth embassy to al-Malik al-Zahir Baybars (1260–1277) to the ruler of the Golden Horde, Berke – fragment of the London of the manuscript of the secretary of the office of the Mamluk Sultan al-Malik al-Zahir Baybars (1260–1277) and his biographer ‘Abd al-Zahir (1223–1293) «al-Rawḍ al-ẓāhir fī sīrat al-Malik al-Ẓāhir» (Garden visible in the biography of al-Malik al-Zahir) with filling of the gaps in the text borrowings from the Egyptian chroniclers Shafi, b. Ali (1252–1329), al-Nuwayri (1279–1333), al-Muf al-Dal (1259–1341), Ibn al-Forat (1335–1405), al-Aini (1361–1453), al-Makrizi (1364–1442), al-Yunini (1256–1326), Rukn ad-Din Baybars (1247–1325), etc. Verbatim translations of excerpts from Arabic works published with translations by V. G. Tizengauzen allow us to establish: 1) the absence in the letters of Baybars and Berke of any information about Berke’s conversion to Islam earlier than 1263 and the presence of direct evidence of his intentions to join this religion; 2) the time of adoption of the religion of Islam by Berke, his family members and the military aristocracy of the Golden Horde in the first decade of may 1263; 3) the number and sequence of embassies of the ruler of the Golden Horde Berke and Sultan Beybars, carried out before the resumption (July 17, 1264) of the fourth Embassy of the Sultan detained by the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos; 4) the time of the fourth Embassy of Beybars in the Crimea (20–21 1264); 5) the presence of the Crimea in July 1264 under the rule of the only ruler – the son of Jouchi Tuka Timur, called by Abd al-Zahir Tuk Buga, and on the coins of his «pre-Muslim» coinage of the Crimea «Ata Tuka syogun» and «Temir Tuka»; 6) the existence of a post station-caravanserai on the route of the embassy, which served as the formation of the city of Solhat around it.
BURIALS OF WARRIORS-CHARIOTS OF PRE-SCYTHIAN TIME ON CRIMEAN PENINSULA
Authors: Koltukhov S. G.
Published: December 2020

This note is sanctified to a short description of materials of two complexes of finds which are descended from burial places of Cimmerians warriors. One of the burials is located on the border of steppe and Foothill Crimea. It was discovered and dug out by archaeologists during the building of Taurida’s route in 2017, part of materials are published in 2018 — 2019. The second burial, which is localized in Steppe Crimea, was destroyed by robbers, and the saved material was purchased by a collector and published in 2017, Complexes are undoubtedly, bright. They are determined as burial places of warriors — riders of the Novocherkassk group of burials of pre-Scythian time. However, it is curious that there were various objects which are typical for the bridle of saddle-horses and for details and harnesses of chariots of VIII century B.C. in both complexes. Similar finds are infrequent, though they are known on Caucasus, rarely they can be found in North Black Sea Region. Chariots appeared in bronze century on the East of Eurasian steppe, however in European part of steppe corridor they appeared later, obviously not earlier than the beginning of iron age.
INCREASING WATER AVAILABILITY IN THE NORTH-EASTERN CRIMEA
Authors: Ivanenko T.A. , Lagunova T.V.
Published: December 2020

The formation of water-deficit conditions in most of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula causes the redistribution of surface and underground runoff between regions. Available volumes of water resources in various regions of the Crimea are distributed unevenly, which requires the construction of long water supply routes. To improve water supply, a water supply System has been developed for the Eastern Crimea with artesian water from wells in the South-Eastern part of the Crimean Peninsula.
EFFICIENCY OF USE OF SUN-PROTECTED DEVICES
Authors: Klevets K.N. , Gnevko Y.D.
Published: December 2020

A model of a sun protection device for a window located on the southern facade in the city of Yalta is proposed. A formula for calculating heating gain taking into account shading is proposed, as well as a calculation option of the economic efficiency of a sun protection device. The energy and economic effectiveness of the sun protection device are calculated.
EMERGENCIES OF CONTINUITY OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE PROCESSES OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE CLUSTER ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION
Authors: Podsolonko V.A. , Podsolonko E.A
Published: December 2020

The main components of the processes of socio-economic development of society are presented, as understood by leading scientists — economists and practitioners in foreign countries and in Russia during the late XIX, XX and first twenty years of the XXI century. The necessity of the continuity of a reasonable theory with progressive practice in the selection and justification of the components in the processes of socio-economic development is substantiated. The structure of systemically substantiated elements of economic processes that ensure the satisfaction of the vital needs of the population has been formed. The results of an economic analysis of the interaction and effectiveness of the constituent processes of human activity and the satisfaction of their needs are presented. The necessity of realizing the theoretical postulate of A. Marshall on the impact on productive labor and economic efficiency of the full satisfaction of the needs of workers and members of their families, regardless of ownership, is substantiated. The processes of interaction between employers and workers in the socio-economic development of the country for the systemic continuity of theory and practice are visualized. The organizational and technological priorities of the cluster organization of production with low-waste, non-waste and fuel and energy-saving technologies are substantiated.
ABOUT MECHANISM OF FUNCTIONING THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Stacenko E.V. , Pilipenko V.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents a meaningful description of the mechanism of functioning of the digital economy, identifies its structural elements: objects, subjects and tools, and considers the process of their interaction. The author studies the author’s approaches to defining the essence of the categories «digital economy», «digital platform», and «digital product» and clarifies their wording.
TRENDS IN THE INTEGRATION OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY IN THE LATE 20TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURIES (EVIDENCE FROM OMSK ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUP ACTIVITY)
Authors:   Omsk scientific center SBRAS, Korusenko M. A. , Tikhonov S. S. ,   Institute of Аrcheology and Ethnography SBRAS
Published: December 2020

The team of Omsk ethno-archaeologists has been conducting prediscovery research to work out the theory and methodology of integration of archaeological and ethnological studies for fifteen years. The main idea of the project is to work out new complementary methods of data search and information analysis in the sciences mentioned. Working out new analysis tools is accomplished by theoretical development of the concept of ethno-archaeological complexes. Such fundamental research provides the opportunity to get new knowledge while studying ancient and traditional communities and to achieve high accuracy and veracity of historical reconstructions. In this paper some results and trends in the process of integration of archaeology and ethnography obtained by the Omsk ethno-archaeologists led by professor N.A. Tomilov in the late 20th — early 21st centuries are presented.
TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN A GLOBAL CONSUMER SOCIETY AS A PROBLEM OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Shalaev V. P.
Published: December 2020

The article critically analyzes the phenomena of globalization and consumer society as dominants in the development of modern history. The article examines the essence of a consumer society, by which the author understands the symbiosis of the world-wide mass production of goods and services, and equally large-scale mass consumption. The article critically examines the social consequences of the Western project of globalization and the consumer society, their impact on the development of modern man and society, including the education sector, and higher education in particular. The author comes to the conclusion that modern higher school (university education), under the influence of the Western project of globalization and consumer society, has turned into factories for the production of a mass educated labor force and an equally massive average educated consumer, with unified needs and consciousness subject to external manipulations.
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY IN THE FORMATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Kozina O. V. , Merkulova E. N. ,   Altai State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to topical issues on the organization of effective process of teaching a foreign language at a university. The article is devoted to topical issues related to the organization of an effective process of teaching a foreign language at a university. Using Bloom’s taxonomy the authors consider the system of some tasks, developing critical thinking, contributing to the formation of foreign language communicative competence of university students.
FEATURES OF CREATING A SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN COMPENSATORY GROUPS FOR PRESCHOOLERS WITH SEVERE SPEECH DISORDERS
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Malykhina E. V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of theoretical studies and practical activities devoted to the study of the features of creating a special educational environment in compensatory groups for preschoolers with severe speech impairment. The concept of a special educational environment, its components, as well as the requirements for their organization in order to ensure the cognitive and speech development of children are considered.
DIALOG WITH A DOLL AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPMENT OF IMAGES “I” AND “THE OTHER” CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL AND JUNIOR SCHOOL AGE IN CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors:   Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) “Kemerovo State University”, Ustinova O. A.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the problem of the relationship “I and the Other”. In the contemporary educational space, there is a need for the emergence of technologies aimed at developing the value of the relationship “I and the Other”. The system of self-representations is revealed in the structure of the “image — I”, its components: “inner I”, “social I”, “sociocultural I”. The discovery of a system of self-image is revealed in the process of familiarizing oneself with the socio-cultural world. The socio-cultural model acts as the bearer of the system of values as measures in relation to which a person builds their path. The doll actualizes the child’s dialogue with the world of culture and spirit, and contributes to the emergence of the value of “one’s own” and “another’s” inner world.
KOMSOMOL ON THE FORWARD LINE OF THE FIGHT AGAINST RELIGION IN TYUMEN REGION IN THE 1920s
Authors:   Tyumen Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mavlyutova G. Sh.
Published: December 2020

The article analyses anti-religious activity of Tyumen Komsomol during the NEP. The study shows that this was the period of approbation of forms and methods of combating religious intoxication. Its main results were achieved in cities. The population of the rural territories of the region preserved their religious traditions. The worldview of young people turned out to be most susceptible to atheistic education.
Design of Mechanism for Reducing Support Structures in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Khaled Nassim , Alkhatib Rami , Al-Shaghouri Anas , Khatib Saja
Published: December 2020

Material extrusion additive manufacturing is widely used in constructing 3D parts. Traditional 3D printers create support structures to build some portions of a model with overhangs that are not supported from below. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a mechanism that can reduce the use of support structures required during 3D printing. The robotic arm is made up of links that are connected with both prismatic and rotary joints. The end-effector of this manipulator resembles temporal support. It is used while building some portions of a model instead of printing support structures. To serve this goal, a mathematical model for the robotic arm based on Chasles-Mozzi theorem is introduced to avoid the limitations of Denavit-Hartenbrg convention. Finally, this paper will present the operation flowchart to be implemented in 3D printers’ software. In other words, predefined usage of the mechanism will help to estimate the amount of the material needed for printing the desired object. The ultimate objective behind employing a robotic arm in material extrusion additive manufacturing is to have a printer that produces clean prototypes, consume less material and reduce printing time
Building Educational Simulations Using KSA Open Data
Authors: Davies Patricia Marybelle , Weir Phil , Byrne Sarah
Published: December 2020

This paper reports on the development of ORP-Sandstorms, an open-source, web-based simulation which provides students with virtual experiences of the impact of global natural disasters, such as earthquakes and sandstorms. The project is a collaboration between an open-software developer and an educational technology researcher. The simulation utilizes a number of open datasets, including those available in the Saudi Open Data portal, to estimate the impact of such natural events on familiar local landmarks. Open data allows contextualization of abstract concepts in a local setting, to enable students to relate more easily. Understanding the impacts and benefits of this contextualization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) context will form a core component of the present educational research. The KSA open data is crucial for testing adaptability to new regions and communities. A key outcome of this work is documenting the adaptability achievements and challenges of taking the established OurRagingPlanet platform, developed mainly from Northern Ireland datasets, and leveraging novel uses of KSA open data to re-contextualize ORP-Sandstorms for KSA students.
Analyzing the Impact of Soft Errors in Deep Neural Networks on GPUsfrom Instruction Level
Authors: Younis Ibrahim , Liu Junyang , Yang Xuanxuan , Sha Hongwei , Li Peng , Wang Haibin
Published: December 2020

­ Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) used in safety­critical systems cannot compromise their performance due to reliability issues. In particular, soft errors are the worst. Selective software­based protection solutions are among the best techniques to improve the reliability of DNNs efficiently. However, their most significant challenge is precisely hardening portions of the DNN model to avoid performance degradation. In this work, we propose a comprehensive methodology to analyze the reliability of object detection and classification algorithms run on GPUs from the lowest (instruction) evaluation level. The ultimate goal is to avoid the performance penalty of full instruction duplication by confidently identifying the vulnerable instructions. For this purpose, we propose a technique, Instruction Vulnerability Factor (IVF). By applying our methodology on ResNet and YOLO models, we demonstrate that both models’ most vulnerable instructions can be precisely determined. Moreover, we show that YOLO is more sensitive to the changes caused by soft errors than ResNet. Also, ResNet depends on the input image in its reliability, while YOLO tends to be independent.
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Progression on First-Line Systemic Treatment: Defining the Optimal Sequencing Strategy in Second Line and Beyond
Authors: Amaro C. P. , Tam V. C.
Published: December 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. It has a high mortality rate, especially when localized treatments fail. For about a decade, the only systemic treatment shown to improve survival was sorafenib. Recently, lenvatinib was found to be noninferior to sorafenib for overall survival, and combination atezolizumab–bevacizumab improved survival compared with sorafenib. Similarly, in the post-sorafenib setting, a number of recent positive clinical trials have been reported, and they indicate that regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab are effective and safe in the second-line setting. With so many new options available, including immunotherapy, it is challenging to define the best sequence of systemic treatment for patients with hcc. In the present review, we introduce the current data for second-line systemic treatment and beyond in HCC. A treatment algorithm is also suggested, based on the best available evidence and expert opinion.
Current Locoregional Therapies and Treatment Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cardarelli-Leite L. , Hadjivassiliou A. , Klass D. , Chung J. , Ho S. G. F. , Lim H. J. , Kim P. T. W. , Mujoomdar A. , Liu D. M.
Published: December 2020

Locoregional therapies (LRTs) play an important role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the aim of increasing overall survival while preserving liver function. Various forms of LRT are available, and choosing the best one depends on technical aspects, liver morphology, tumour biology, and the patient’s symptoms. The purpose of the present review article is to provide an overview of the current evidence relating to the use of percutaneous ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, and transarterial radioembolization for the curative or palliative treatment of HCC. Special situations are also reviewed, including the combined use of systemic therapy and LRT, indications and techniques for bridging to transplant and downstaging, and the use of LRT to treat patients with HCC and macrovascular invasion.
The Role Of Motivation In Learning Foreign Language
Authors:   Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Utkir Muradov , Nilufar Kadirova ,   Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Ra’no Ikramova ,   Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Umida Kuchkeldiyeva ,   Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes the role of motivation in language learning, especially foreign language acquisition. It compares two different subjects who are learning English yet they have various background of family, language learning experience, and interests. They were provided pre-, post-tests to testify their knowledge; moreover, they were interviewed to know how they are encouraged to learn a language. The paper indicates the importance of intrinsic motivation for second language learners.
Revitalisasi Lapangan Desa Masaran, Kecamatan Masaran, Kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Hartanto Tri , Yuwono A. Bambang
Published: December 2020

Lapangan Desa Masaran, Kecamatan Masaran, Kabupaten Sragen yang selama ini dirasakan semakin berkurang manfaatnya bagi masyarakat, akan dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat saat ini. Lapangan yang luas, dapat dikelola untuk berbagai kepentingan. Tidak hanya di bidang olah raga, namun juga bidang rekreasi dan ekonomi. Penyediaan wadah untuk berjualan, diharapkan mampu mendorong masyarakat bisa menjual produknya. Revitalisasi lapangan, terkait erat dengan penataan ruang kawasan di lingkup lapangan, meliputi sistem drainase, sistem jalan lingkungan, pengendalian genangan/banjir dan penghijauan. Metode pengabdian melalui beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama adalah persiapan, yaitu dengan melakukan diskusi dengan perangkat desa Masaran dan tokoh masyarakat. Tahap berikutnya adalah membuat gambar pra-desain berupa gambar site-plan, denah dan perspektif. Dari bahan pra-desain yang telah disusun, dilakukan diskusi dengan semua tim dan perangkat desa dan tokoh masyarakat untuk mendapatkan masukan dan saran untuk perbaikan pra-desain. Setelah mendapat persetujuan maka dibuat gambar detailnya. Perencanaan direncanakan oleh tim ahli di bidangnya, untuk menyiapkan master plan revitalisasi pembangunan lapangan Masaran. Luaran dari pengabdian ini adalah tersusunnya Gambar Kerja dan Rencana Anggaran dan Biaya (RAB) untuk revitalisasi lapangan desa Masaran. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka kolaborasi antara pemerintah desa dan perguruan tinggi ke depannya ditingkatkan sehingga membawa manfaat bagi masyarakat.
Strategic planning in modern economic conditions
Authors: AKULIUSHYNA Maryna , CHEKYRTA Mariia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article considers the main elements of strategic planning as a final function that helps to determine ways to obtain the results of the enterprise in achieving its main goal. It is the basis for management decisions, determines their prospects, prudence, makes them motivated and timely. The urgency of the topic is due to the fact that the development and implementation of effective strategic planning provides the company with the opportunity to develop its own activities in a highly competitive environment. One of the tools to achieve the main goal of any company – to make a profit – and is the result of strategic planning, which allows the company to use its own competitive advantages to capture more market share or new markets in the future.
The purpose of the paper is to determine the nature and methods of implementing strategic planning in the activities of enterprises of different forms of ownership and scale of activity in order to ensure their competitiveness in the market.
Results. Strategic planning is the ultimate function that helps to identify ways to get results when achieving the ultimate goal. It is the basis for management decisions, determines their prospects, prudence, makes them motivated and timely. Strategic planning, as it is clear from the definition, is planning for 3-5 years, with the possibility of adjustment, because the dynamics of the market and constant crises require a rapid, even reactive response to changes in the environment. Thus, the main purpose of planning – to maximize profits from the activities and performance of its most important functions: marketing planning, productivity, innovation and more. To the extent that a group of related firms in a market segment can define similar goals and coordinate individual actions in such a way as to improve overall performance for selected overall goals (or work towards a common «mission» subsector), they can also collectively increase their efficiency and productivity in the way they conduct business. The result should ideally include a reduction in internal costs, an improvement in the services provided and thus an increase in their competitiveness.
Conclusion. Strategic planning in the real economy is not just a necessity – it is an effort to constantly monitor change and play «ahead». Only in this way can the company withstand competition and survive in the market. According to the study, a number of scientists propose to assess and plan not the entire organization but its sub-sectors, which allows you to identify «bottlenecks» and respond to changes in a timely manner, preventing large financial losses.
Features of the SPACE method using for the optimal choice making of strategy development of foreign economic activity
Authors: PETRYSHYN Nataliia , CHYRKOVA Yuliia , BORTNIKOVA Mariana
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Activation of international business requires the formation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic activity, because its implementation allows to increase competitiveness and flexibility under conditions of the business environment changes. Nowadays, the problems of developing the foreign economic strategy of the enterprise become especially relevant, because the modern conditions of commercial activity require fundamentally new standards, management methods and stages of international business organizing. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the application of the method of strategic analysis SPACE for the implementation of the optimal choice of development strategy of domestic enterprises on the example of Electroprylad SPE LLC. Results. The SPACE method is to develop an assessment of the strategic position and strategic actions of the enterprise. This is a comprehensive method of strategic analysis, which allows you to identify and characterize the competitive position in the market in order to select the best strategy for the enterprise to act at the market. The introduction of the SPACE method for the implementation of the optimal choice of development strategy of Electroprylad SPE LLC provides for the implementation of successive stages: analysis of financial strength; determination of competitive positions in foreign markets; assessing the attractiveness of potential foreign markets; assessment of prospects for potential stability in foreign markets; selection of the optimal strategy for the development of foreign economic activity of the enterprise based on the results of the SPACE method. The SPACE method allowed to form a group of priority characteristics and parameters of Electroprylad SPE LLC activity, which were previously identified from all existing variety, allowed to organize them and determine the complex impact on the management decision-making process by validity, as well as to choose the best foreign economic development strategy. Conclusion. Implementation of the SPACE method for selecting the strategy of foreign economic activity development of Electroprylad SPE LLC is connected with the mandatory involvement leading specialists in the strategic analysis in order to perform the necessary tasks related to the methodology of strategic analysis. The set of criteria is determined taking into account the internal priorities of work and external strategic goals of foreign economic activity. The parameters of the production and financial strength of Electroprylad SPE LLC must be fully taken into account.
Peculiarities of legal regulation of waste management of individual protection means in a pandemic condition
Authors: STROHA Yelyzaveta , KRAKOVA Vladyslava
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of medical waste disposal, namely personal protective equipment. The authors point out that the spread of acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV–2 is not only a direct threat to human life and health, but also indirectly affects the environment of Ukraine. The paper notes that the disposal of personal protective equipment attracted attention only after the beginning of the pandemic, because their use by humans began in too large quantities. The paper also states that as a result of such use, a significant amount of hazardous waste is generated, which is not properly disposed of by companies that have the appropriate license and special equipment. The authors emphasize that there are gaps in the legal regulation of the treatment of personal protective equipment, as clear regulations are available only for PPE used by medical institutions. As for the protective equipment used by infected people in the home and referred by the legislator to the group of ordinary solid household waste, there are provisions for them only of a recommendatory nature. Therefore, their implementation will be provided only by conscious citizens, but we know that there are fewer of them in our country. The paper states that despite the established legal responsibility for health care institutions and licensees for non-compliance with regulations, which are clearly regulated by the legislation of Ukraine, the state does not adopt any effective mechanisms of influence to avoid their negative manifestations. The authors also note that in Ukraine, due to the lack of legal regulation of the treatment of PPE in everyday life, as a result, all of them are not disposed of properly and sent to regular landfills. Therefore, we propose ways to solve this problem, namely: to amend the Law “On Waste” and adopt a new bylaw to implement this law; create special containers to be used outside healthcare facilities.
Review of new requirements for smoke ventilation system for road tunnels in NFPA 502 published in 2020
Authors: Колчев Борис Борисович , Пехотиков Андрей Владимирович , Ильминский Игорь Иванович , Чернышов Павел Алексеевич , Фомина Оксана Владимировна
Published: December 2020

Одним из нормативных документов, содержащих основные требования к системам противодымной вентиляции автодорожных тоннелей, является NFPA 502 «Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges and Limited Access Highways». Стандарт обобщает накопленный опыт, полученный в результате экспериментальных исследований, проводимых как в США, так и за их пределами. В августе 2019 г. была опубликована его новая редакция (2020 Edition), в которой значительно изменился подход к определению требуемых параметров противодымной вентиляции, основанной на продольной схеме.

The article presents an analysis of the new edition of NFPA 502 “Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Limited Access Highways” regarding the method for determining the critical value of the longitudinal air flow velocity generated by smoke ventilation based on longitudinal scheme. The classification of road tunnels introduced by NFPA 502 is described, taking into account the occupancy of tunnels by vehicles during rush hour, as well as the length of the tunnel. The data concerning protection of tunnel by fire protection systems taking into account the introduced classification are presented. There are analysed the schemes of smoke ventilation, including longitudinal, semi-transverse and transverse, containing different number of concentrated and distributed smoke receiving and air intake devices introduced by NFPA 502. There is described the effect of trapping air from under the smoke layer, that is called as “Plugholing” effect in the standard. The data on heat release capacity from fire source are presented taking into account various types of burning vehicles, as well as the equipment of tunnel with automatic fire extinguishing systems. There is performed the comparison of results of the calculated determination of critical velocity, determined by the dependencies of NFPA 502 in 2017 and 2020 editions. The significant discrepancy in required values is found.
Staff Nurses’ Perception of the Hemodialysis Unit as Practice Environment and Patients’ Perception of Nurse Caring Behaviors and their Level of Satisfaction
Authors: Koon Jenel
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the concomitant rise of kidney diseases and hemodialysis services nationwide, the Philippines still lacks research on hemodialysis nursing care quality. Using nursing-sensitive indicators under the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model, this study aimed to describe hemodialysis nurses’ perception of their unit as practice environment; patients’ perception of nurse caring behaviors based on Jean Watson’s 10 Caritas Processes; patients’ level of satisfaction on nursing care; and determine the association between perceived nurse caring behaviors and satisfaction levels.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study purposely selected seven free-standing hemodialysis centers in Metro Manila. Ninety-four nurses were surveyed via complete enumeration using the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) while 345 randomly selected patients answered the Caring Factor Survey-Tagalog (CFS-T) and Patient Satisfaction of Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire-Tagalog (PSNCQQ-T). Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the gathered data.

Results: The study revealed that nurses perceived their respective work unit as a favorable practice environment while hemodialysis patients perceived nurse caring behaviors as practiced to a great extent and their satisfaction with nursing care as very good. The study also revealed a significant positive correlation between the process and outcome indicators (r=0.64, p=<0.0001).

Conclusion: The study reflected positive nursing-sensitive indicators in hemodialysis. However, hemodi alysis facilities should improve nurse staffing, spiritual nurse caring behavior, and facilitate a more healing environment while maintaining their current favorable qualities.
Humanoid Nurse Robots and Compassion: Dialogical Conversation with Rozzano Locsin
Authors: Macalam Trecella May , Locsin Rozzano
Published: December 2020

It is important that in the future, nursing practice is framed with the humanoid nurse robot (HNR) functionality as a sure partner capable of expressing compassion that mimics human persons. Sr. Trecella May Macalam, SPC, a member of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres congregation, and doctoral student of St. Paul University Philippines and Dr. Rozzano Locsin, nurse theorist and author of the theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (TCCN) discuss the futurist idea of HNR’s capability to express compassion in nursing. Locsin’s theory has inspired the utility of advancing machine technologies in health care practice. Framing explanations and descriptions between human persons and HNRs as intelligent healthcare robots (IHRs) stimulate future nursing care in many ways. The theory of TCCN inspired “knowing persons as caring” as a process of nursing. In the future, this theory will most likely influence the inevitability and dependency of nursing through compassion in nursing by HNRs.
Perfil sensorial de cuatro variedades de café (Coffea arabica L) cultivados en diferentes altitudes del distrito de San José del Alto-Jaén
Authors: Santacruz Royser
Published: December 2020

Se evaluó el perfil sensorial de cuatro variedades de café (Coffea arabica L.) como son, Typica, Caturra, Costa Rica y Catimor en las localidades de Huahuaya Grande, La Unión, El Porvenir del distrito de San José del Alto, Jaén, Cajamarca. Las parcelas seleccionadas se ubican en diferentes pisos ecológicos como son: zona alta (1860 msnm), zona media (1250 msnm) y zona baja (900 msnm). Se definió el perfil sensorial de cada variedad, siendo el mejor para el café Typica con 95.24, seguido de Caturra con 95.06, Costa Rica 90.31 y en último lugar Catimor con 82.33 puntos en piso ecológico alto. Las variedades de mejor calidad sensorial son: Typica, seguido de Caturra y Costa Rica considerados como cafés especiales, resaltando sus características sensoriales, principalmente acidez, aroma y cuerpo. Se concluye que las variedades Typica y Caturra tienen un mejor rendimiento sensorial en piso ecológico alto, las variedades Costa Rica y Catimor se adaptan mejor al piso ecológico bajo debido a las condiciones genéticas de cada variedad.
Ukraine in the 21st Century: Strengthening Civilisational Agency
Authors: Pyrozhkov Serhii , Khamitov Nazip
Published: December 2020

The article addresses the issue of Ukraine’s civilisational agency in the modern world. The authors state that a civilisational destiny of a state is determined by geopolitical actors claiming a superpower status, the state’s own choice, people’s will, its political and intellectual elite. Then, a state becomes a unit of international relations and law, world geopolitics, science, art; a civilisational actor of history, the present, and the future.
Ukraine strives to become such an actor, have its civilisational project, and implement it. Our country is located between the Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian civilisational societies, thus its capacity to be an actor in the modern globalised world is contingent on efficient cooperation with both of the societies. The authors believe that the implementation of the civilisational project of Ukraine as an actor and not as an object of modern world lies in systemic cooperation with the international actors which accept freedom and dignity of a human being as fundamental values. The authors single out the civilisational measures of such a society, which is a society of trust, social and political partnership, and balanced interaction of the rule of law and civil society. In its civilisational project of the 21st century, Ukraine should stand for a society of innovations and information, where a person can live up to her full potential. It is about the worldview transformation of consciousness and relations among people, countries, civilisations, and civilisational worlds. The implementation of this project is a fundamental condition for ensuring the national security and existence of Ukraine as an independent state. That is indeed a noble cause of Ukraine and its people in the multifaceted world of the 21st century.
Keywords: Eurasian civilisational society, Euro-Atlantic direction, agency of Ukraine, independent state.
Pensamento em construção: Excurso sobre as possíveis maquinações metodológicas de Sérgio Ferro para orientar Estudos de Produção em Arquitetura, Projeto e Trabalho
Authors: Lopes João Marcos de Almeida
Published: December 2020

A obra escrita do professor, arquiteto e pintor brasileiro Sérgio Ferro tem sido cada vez mais visitada, estudada e comentada, não só no Brasil e na França – país em que se exilou, ao deixar o Brasil no início dos anos 1970, em virtude da ditadura civil-militar que se abateu sobre o país naquele período – como também em outras partes do mundo. A atenção dedicada à obra teórica de Ferro parece decorrer da forma como ele aborda seus objetos e lhes dá um tratamento crítico e teórico, particularmente instruída pela Economia Política, pela Lógica hegeliana e pelo materialismo dialético marxiano. Tomando como ponto de partida as bases materiais de sua produção, tanto da arquitetura como das artes plásticas, seus campos de investigação e reflexão histórica e teórica avançam por campos até então insondados, recolocando em julgamento concepções já consagradas e largamente consolidadas. Este trabalho ensaia algumas conjeturas sobre as estratégias metodológicas do autor, buscando estabelecer referências para a instituição de um novo campo de estudos em Arquitetura, Projeto e Trabalho, que estamos denominando Production Studies.