bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do differing stakeholders perceive instances of literacy instruction?
Authors: Schachter Rachel E , Matthews Ann , Piasta Shayne B
Published: December 2018

In this study, we investigated how early childhood teachers’ perspectives on their enacted literacy instruction aligned with the perspectives of observers of that same instruction. Two master teachers and two researchers, all with early childhood expertise, observed and reported their perspectives of 45 instances of literacy instruction. These were examined for alignment across each other and with teachers’ descriptions of their thinking during the instruction. Participants’ perceptions of instruction tended to align, yet there were notable differences in perceptions about context and goals. Although we often found common ground among participants regarding the purpose of instruction, there were interesting variations across participants that highlighted the complexity of classroom processes, the value of teachers’ contextual knowledge and the multiple perspectives brought to bear on the same instance of instruction.
The “Artwork Effect” paradigm: A model for planning and assessing cognitive stimulation for people with dementia through museum visits
Authors: Pigliautile Martina , Ragni Silvia , Longo Annalisa , Bartorelli Luisa , Mecocci Patrizia
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a paradigm (“Artwork Effect” paradigm) to study the impact of museum stimulation programs for people with dementia. The literature concerning viewing and making art is considered. The paradigm, comprising qualitative and quantitative measures, is illustrated. The implementation of a shared paradigm of assessment can contribute to the validation of an assessment model to evaluate museum stimulation programs for people with dementia: a low-cost nonpharmacological intervention useful for the stimulation of cognitive functions and for increasing the well-being of people with dementia and their caregivers.
“It tastes like heaven”: Critical and embodied food pedagogy with Black youth in the Anthropocene
Authors: Jones Naya
Published: December 2018

Young people who navigate intersecting racial, ethnic, economic, and/or geographic oppressions are often the objects of food pedagogy. Citing childhood obesity and anthropogenic environmental change, food pedagogies in the United States especially target Black/African-American youth, among other youth of color. Meanwhile, teaching and learning about food is on the rise in myriad settings, often in ways that reproduce binaries between “healthy” and “unhealthy” and “good” and “bad” foods. Grounded in hegemonic nutrition and bolstered by healthism, predominant food pedagogies perpetuate racialized assumptions about food and health. In the context of the Anthropocene as discourse and epoch, food pedagogy is likely to intensify, while climate change holds concerning implications for Black Americans. Critical and embodied approaches to food pedagogy are necessary, I argue, to address power relations and to cultivate community-led resilience. Building on Black geographies, critical food studies, and food pedagogies, I explore the possibilities of a critical and embodied pedagogy with Black American youth. I reflect on a “Favorite Meals” workshop carried out as part of an urban farm youth program in Austin, Texas, USA. Both the practice of the workshop and youth responses counter food binaries while highlighting pleasure, play, and knowledge—all of which remain underconsidered in food-related studies and pedagogy with young people. Given concerns about childhood obesity and the global scope of the Anthropocene, this article is relevant to food pedagogy with historically marginalized youth across national contexts.
Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation
Authors: Fuentes Nathalie , Silveyra Patricia
Published: December 2018

Sex-based disparities have been identified in respiratory physiology, and in many chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. The observed sex differences in lung disease prevalence and incidence have been linked to changes in circulating levels of sex hormones that start after puberty and that have been shown to affect physiological and immunological functions. While the exact roles of male and female sex hormones in these processes have not been fully elucidated, it is now evident that these can target many lung cell types and affect several functions of the respiratory system. In this mini-review, we have summarized seminal studies aimed to understand the effects of the most relevant male and female sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, and androgens) and their receptors on lung function. Moreover, we have reviewed the known influences of sex hormones and of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in lung disease and immunity. Understanding the roles of sex hormones in the regulation of lung function and inflammation is the first step for the potential development of more effective therapeutic options to prevent and treat lung disease in men and women.

Impact statement

Sex-differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung diseases have been recognized for years. Women of reproductive age are more likely to suffer from chronic lung disease, with higher mortality rates than men. Physiological changes in hormone levels such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause have been associated with lung function changes and asthma symptoms. Despite this, the roles of sex hormones in the mechanisms associated with lung diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes basic and clinical studies of sex hormones as potential modulators of lung function and inflammation. The information obtained from sex-specific research on lung physiology and pathology will potentially help in the development of sex-specific therapeutics for inflammatory lung disease that may account for the hormonal status of the patient.
Optimization design for foam-filled double cylindrical tubes under multiple lateral impacts
Authors: Jiang Ping , Wang Qidong , Yin Andong , Hu Jinfang , Gu Xianguang
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, thin-walled foam-filled structures have already been excessively used in automobile industry due to the superior energy absorption capacity and relatively light weight. The components in vehicle probably subject to lateral impact at any position in practice; however, most of the previous literature focused only on the bending behavior of structures under lateral impact at the mid-span. In this study, a hybrid structure of the structural epoxy foam Terocore® and two cylindrical tubes is comprehensively investigated under various lateral impact positions. The finite element model of the hybrid structure is established and then validated by the experimental results. From a numerical study, several design parameters, including the thicknesses of outer and inner tubes, the diameters of inner tubes, and the foam densities, are explored to exhibit great effects on the bending resistance of the hybrid structure. To find the optimal designs of the hybrid structure under different load cases, a system methodology, which is constructed by optimal Latin hypercube sampling, radial basis function model and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, is implemented. Compared with the original design, the optimization designs of different load cases perform better bending resistance, namely, higher specific energy absorption and lower peak crushing force. Therefore, the optimal hybrid structure can be considered as a practical candidate for energy absorbing under lateral impact.
A three-dimensional point cloud registration based on entropy and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Zhan Xu , Cai Yong , He Ping
Published: December 2018

A three-dimensional (3D) point cloud registration based on entropy and particle swarm algorithm (EPSA) is proposed in the paper. The algorithm can effectively suppress noise and improve registration accuracy. Firstly, in order to find the k-nearest neighbor of point, the relationship of points is established by k-d tree. The noise is suppressed by the mean of neighbor points. Secondly, the gravity center of two point clouds is calculated to find the translation matrix T. Thirdly, the rotation matrix R is gotten through particle swarm optimization (PSO). While performing the PSO, the entropy information is selected as the fitness function. Lastly, the experiment results are presented. They demonstrate that the algorithm is valuable and robust. It can effectively improve the accuracy of rigid registration.
A survey of vascular specialists’ practice patterns of inferior vena cava filter placement and retrieval
Authors: Brahmandam Anand , Skrip Laura , Sumpio Bauer , Indes Jeffrey , Dardik Alan , Sarac Timur , Rectenwald John , Chaar Cassius Iyad Ochoa
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The placement of inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) continues to rise. Vascular specialists adopt different practices based on local expertise. This study was performed to assess the attitudes of vascular specialists towards the placement and retrieval of IVCF.

Methods

An online survey of 28 questions related to practice patterns regarding IVCF was administered to 1429 vascular specialists. Vascular specialists were categorized as low volume if they place less than three IVCF per month and high volume if they place at least three IVCF per month. The responses of high volume and low volume were compared using two-sample t-tests and Chi-square tests.

Results

A total of 259 vascular specialists completed the survey (18% response rate). There were 191 vascular surgeons (74%) and 68 interventional radiologists (26%). The majority of responders were in academic practice (67%) and worked in tertiary care centers (73%). The retrievable IVCF of choice was Celect (27%) followed by Denali (20%). Forty-two percent used a temporary IVCF and left it in situ instead of using a permanent IVCF. Eighty-two percent preferred placing the tip of the IVCF at or just below the lowest renal vein. Thirty-one percent obtained a venous duplex of the lower extremities prior to retrieval while 24% did not do any imaging. There were 132 (51%) low volume vascular specialists and 127 (49%) high volume vascular specialists. Compared to low volume vascular specialists, significantly more high volume vascular specialists reported procedural times of less than 30 min for IVCF retrieval (57% vs. 42%, P = 0.026). There was a trend for high volume to have fewer unsuccessful attempts at IVCF retrieval but that did not reach statistical significance ( P = .061). High volume were more likely to have attempted multiple times to retrieve an IVCF (66% vs. 33%, P < .001), and to have used bronchoscopy forceps (32% vs. 14%, P = .001) or a laser sheath (14% vs. 2%, P < .001) for IVCF retrieval. In general, vascular specialists were not comfortable using bronchoscopy forceps (65%) or a laser sheath (82%) for IVCF retrieval.

Conclusions

This study underscores significant variability in vascular specialists practice patterns regarding IVCF. More studies and societal guidelines are needed to define best practices.
Online human-like redundancy optimization for tele-operated anthropomorphic manipulators
Authors: Su Hang , Enayati Nima , Vantadori Luca , Spinoglio Andrea , Ferrigno Giancarlo , De Momi Elena
Published: December 2018

Robot human-like behavior can enhance the performance of human–robot cooperation with prominently improved natural interaction. This also holds for redundant robots with an anthropomorphic kinematics. In this article, we translated human ability of managing redundancy to control a seven degrees of freedom anthropomorphic robot arm (LWR4+, KUKA, Germany) during tele-operated tasks. We implemented a nonlinear regression method—based on neural networks—between the human arm elbow swivel angle and the hand target pose to achieve an anthropomorphic arm posture during tele-operation tasks. The method was assessed in simulation and experiments were performed with virtual reality tracking tasks in a lab environment. The results showed that the robot achieves a human-like arm posture during tele-operation, and the subjects prefer to work with the biologically inspired robot. The proposed method can be applied in control of anthropomorphic robot manipulators for tele-operated collaborative tasks, such as in factories or in operating rooms.
Quantitative assessment of elbow flexion by handheld dynamometry in brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Marei Abdelhakim , Doi Kazuteru , Hattori Yasunori , Sakamot Soutetsu
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative and absolute reliability of a handheld dynamometer when used for examining elbow flexion power in patients with brachial plexus palsy. The assessment of the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability coefficients for the handheld dynamometer was done using the stationary Kin-Com® dynamometer as the reference standard. We determined the measurement errors and checked the systematic biases of the handheld dynamometer. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the handheld dynamometer had a very high intraclass correlation coefficient. The values of handheld dynamometer readings had a high correlation to Kin-Com® readings. The Medical Research Council grading was a comparatively inaccurate method for quantitative assessment of motor power. We conclude that a handheld dynamometer measurement is more precise and reliable than the Medical Research Council grading for measuring recovery of elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus palsy.

Level of evidence: III
Improvement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target achievement rates through cardiac rehabilitation for patients after ST elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in Germany: Results of the PATIENT CARE registry
Authors: Schwaab Bernhard , Zeymer Uwe , Jannowitz Christina , Pittrow David , Gitt Anselm
Published: December 2018

Aims

The PATIENT CARE registry aimed to document clinical characteristics of patients during cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, including the current pharmacological treatment, risk factor modification and achievement of treatment targets for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Methods

Multicentre, prospective non-interventional study at 20 cardiac rehabilitation in-patient centres across Germany.

Results

A total of 1408 patients post myocardial infarction were analysed. Patients’ mean age was 62 ± 11 years and 27.0% were women. ST elevation myocardial infarction ( n = 657; 48.7%), and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction ( n = 617; 45.8%) were equally balanced causes for hospitalization, while previous coronary artery bypass grafting was reported in n = 134 patients (9.9%). On average, cardiac rehabilitation began 19 ± 10 days after the index event and lasted for 22 ± 4 days. At discharge, 96.7% of patients received statins, 13.0% another lipid-lowering medication in addition to a statin, 98.5% antithrombotic drugs and 22.3% antidiabetic medication. The rate of patients with LDL-C on target according to the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society dyslipidaemia guidelines 2011 (<70 mg/dl (1.8 mmol/l) or at least 50% reduction of baseline value) was increased from 21.4% at admission to cardiac rehabilitation to 41.9% at discharge after cardiac rehabilitation. Most patients (95.2%) completed the cardiac rehabilitation and 88% returned to their former work at full time.

Conclusion

During cardiac rehabilitation, the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, in particular the LDL-C, were substantially improved in patients after myocardial infarction. The great majority were able to return to work. However, less than 50% reached the LDL-C guideline targets during short-term cardiac rehabilitation.
Access to Care for Homeless Veterans During Disasters
Authors: Gable Alicia R. , Der-Martirosian Claudia , Dobalian Aram
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Since 1970, natural disasters have led to both temporary and permanent closures of multiple medical centers and outpatient clinics at the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) nationwide. Access to care during such events is critical for vulnerable populations, especially homeless veterans. As such, facility closures may disproportionately affect homeless veteran patients who are both more likely to experience adverse effects from disasters and face multiple barriers to care. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to a probability sample of 2000 homeless VA patients living in and receiving VA health care in the Northeast United States. The survey was completed by 383 respondents (20% adjusted response rate). This pilot study examines predictors of difficulty accessing care in the event that the VA facility that homeless VA patients routinely use is forced to close because of a natural disaster. Results: In a multivariate logistic regression, homeless VA patients who had Medicaid were less likely (OR 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-0.78; P < .01) to report that they would have difficulty obtaining care elsewhere if their normal VA facility was closed in a future natural disaster. Conclusions: Findings suggest that Medicaid coverage has the potential to facilitate access to care for homeless veteran VA patients during disasters. Policy changes that decrease Medicaid coverage could limit access to care for homeless veterans during closures of VA medical facilities.
Effect of Tinnitus and Duration of Deafness on Sound Localization and Speech Recognition in Noise in Patients With Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Liu Yang-Wenyi , Cheng Xiaoting , Chen Bing , Peng Kevin , Ishiyama Akira , Fu Qian-Jie
Published: December 2018

Patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) often experience poor sound localization, reduced speech understanding in noise, reduced quality of life, and tinnitus. The present study aims to evaluate effects of tinnitus and duration of deafness on sound localization and speech recognition in noise by SSD subjects. Sound localization and speech recognition in noise were measured in 26 SSD and 10 normal-hearing (NH) subjects. Speech was always presented directly in front of the listener. Noise was presented to the deaf ear, in front of the listener, or to the better hearing ear. Tinnitus severity was measured using visual analog scale and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Relative to NH subjects, SSD subjects had significant deficits in sound localization and speech recognition in all listening conditions ( p < .001). For SSD subjects, speech recognition in noise was correlated with mean hearing thresholds in the better hearing ear ( p < .001) but not in the deaf ear. SSD subjects with tinnitus performed poorer in sound localization and speech recognition in noise than those without tinnitus. Shorter duration of deafness was associated with greater tinnitus and sound localization difficulty. Tinnitus visual analog scale and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory were highly correlated; the degree of tinnitus was negatively correlated with sound localization and speech recognition in noise. Those experiencing noticeable tinnitus may benefit more from cochlear implantation than those without; subjective tinnitus reduction may be correlated with improved sound localization and speech recognition in noise. Subjects with longer duration of deafness demonstrated better sound localization, suggesting long-term compensation for loss of binaural cues.
Providers’ Involvement of Parents, Families, and Family Dynamics in Youth Weight Management Programs
Authors: Pratt Keeley J. , Skelton Joseph A. , Eneli Ihuoma , Coliler David N. , Lazorick Suzanne
Published: December 2018

Family-based interventions are the current standard for the treatment of pediatric obesity, yet the details of how providers are involving family members, and the barriers to family involvement, are largely unknown. The objective of this study is to describe how providers in pediatric weight management (PWM) involve family members, identify barriers to family involvement, and how they address challenging family dynamics. A cross-sectional survey was administered to PWM centers/clinics and their providers in the United States and Canada. Analyses included descriptive statistics at the participant (N = 71) and clinic/center (N = 47) levels. Providers indicated that they assessed patients and parents’ perspectives, not other family members, motivation, weight/medical history, dietary and activity behaviors, goals, and barriers. Providers also reported that they asked patients’ perspectives about their parents’ aforementioned behaviors, and siblings’ dietary, activity, and sedentary/screen time behaviors, and weight/medical history. Providers reported that the balance between the patient and parent changed as children aged, with more focus given to the child, and less to the parent, as the child grew older. The most frequent barrier to involving family members in treatment included challenging family dynamics. The most challenging family dynamics were divorce/separation and parent-child conflicts. Providers often refer to and rely on mental/behavioral health providers to address barriers to family involvement and challenging family dynamics. Further research is needed to determine adequate provider training and comfort in dealing with family dynamics in treatment, and ways to mitigate barriers to involving families in PWM.
Improving Institutional Stakeholder Governance Practices in the University Council: Membership Strategies and Policies
Authors: Omal Felix , Ndofirepi Amasa Philip , Cross Michael
Published: December 2018

The post-1994 higher education dispensation has witnessed an increase in the number of institutional stakeholder groups striving to become members of university councils within their particular contexts. As such, they are constantly becoming coalitions of powerful constituencies who seek to influence the running of the council to satisfy stakeholder demands across the university and beyond. Consequently, there is a concern whether institutional stakeholder moves to become a part of the council and is bound to improving governance practices in the universities. This article argues that at the level of the university councils, the institutional strategies, policies and articulation with its different stakeholder groups are critical, using data obtained through the use of documentary sources, interviews and surveys. The results show that institutional stakeholders have strong inclinations towards the governance mechanisms of how individuals become members of the university council, calling for greater professionalization of the governance best practises for improving governance in strongly stakeholder-governed university councils and pointing out possible areas of further research.
Quality and Excellence in Higher Education and Metamorphosis: Changing Notions in Educational Discourses in India
Authors: Bhushan Sudhanshu , Mathew A.
Published: December 2018

As seen through the recommendations of University Education Commission (1949) and Education Commission (1964), till about National Policy on Education, 1986, as markers of educational discourses, the concern was to resist expansion, to guard against dilution of quality and standards of higher education and excellence and reputation of higher education institutions. Through 1980s, especially, during the post-1991 reform phase, the benchmarks in educational discourses shifted to survival in sub-optimal resources/facilities conditions in the context of progressive state retreat in funding higher education (HE). The private sector engagement in HE was hotly debated for and against in the discourses through the 1990s and after 2000; the concern was not just about the desirability, in the national bid for expansion and massification of HE, but about its regulation with respect to quality and standards. The Narayanamurthy Committee (Planning Commission, 2012) recommendations regarding corporate sector participation in HE turned out to be both a culmination of earlier trend and a forerunner of private sector’s domination in HE, with the cost burden shifting on to students, despite some strong advocacy in defence of public HE system, by Yashpal Committee (Department of Higher Education, 2009). The reality in the discourses of HE in India has been the drastic shifts of concerns for aspects and parameters of quality and standards of HE and HEIs to many emerging compulsions through the decades.
Education and Process of Inclusion Under Neo-liberal Political Economy
Authors: Shah Ghanshyam
Published: December 2018

Theoretically, modern formal education develops not only critical questioning mind and skills but also inculcates universalistic values leading to humane social relationships. For attaining such objective, the education system needs to evolve institutions, curricula, competent committed teachers and pedagogies. Though the architects of the Indian Constitution and the First Education Commission emphasised importance of education for national integration, and egalitarian secular social order, rigorous institutional mechanism, modules and pedagogies have not developed in the last six decades to attain the objective. This has not been on political agenda. Education policy and governance have been lopsided and piecemeal. Colonial educational ethos has continued. Education has spread widely across all social strata with increasing enrolment at all levels; the system segregates and discriminates students from the primary stage. Only miniscule section of society gets good quality education enabling them to occupy higher positions in different sectors. The system has failed in inculcating plural secular egalitarian values. Hegemonic values of dominant strata embedded in hierarchical ethos are reinforced and legitimised.
Neuroglia: Realising their true potential
Authors: Butt Arthur , Verkhratsky Alexei
Published: December 2018

The name neuroglia is generally translated as nerve glue. In the recent past, this has been used to describe passive structural cells. Presently, this view has been challenged and the true dynamic and multifunctional nature of neuroglia is beginning to be appreciated. In the central nervous system, the main kinds of neuroglia are astrocytes (the primary homeostatic cells that ensure synaptic transmission), oligodendrocytes (which form the myelin that ensures rapid electrical transmission) and microglia (the main immune cells). In the peripheral nervous system, neuroglia comprise Schwann cells, satellite glia and enteric glia. These functionally diverse and specialised cells are fundamental to function at the molecular, cellular, tissue and system levels. Without nerve glue, the body cannot function and the future will begin to unlock their importance in higher cognitive functions that set humans apart from other animals and their true potential as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative and other diseases.
Chronic Unpredictable Stress Reduces Immunostaining for Connexins 43 and 30 and Myelin Basic Protein in the Rat Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortices
Authors: Miguel-Hidalgo José Javier , Moulana Mohadetheh , Deloach Preston Hardin , Rajkowska Grazyna
Published: December 2018

Background

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are pathologically altered in dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices in major depressive disorder. In rat models of stress (major depressive disorder risk factor) astrocyte gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is reduced in the prelimbic cortex. Astrocyte connexins are recognized to strongly influence myelin maintenance in the central nervous system. However, it is unknown whether stress-related changes in Cx43 and the other major astrocyte connexin, Cx30, occur in the orbitofrontal cortex, or whether connexin changes are concurrent with disturbances in myelination.

Methods

Frozen sections containing prelimbic cortex and orbitofrontal cortex of rats subjected to 35 days of chronic unpredictable stress and controls (n = 6/group) were immunolabeled for Cx43, Cx30, and myelin basic protein. Density of Cx43 or Cx30 immunoreactive puncta and area fraction of myelin basic protein immunoreactivity were measured in prelimbic cortex and orbitofrontal cortex and results analyzed with t test or Pearson correlations.

Results

Density of Cx43- and Cx30-positive puncta in both prelimbic cortex and orbitofrontal cortex was lower in chronic unpredictable stress-treated than in control rats. In both regions, the area fraction of myelin basic protein immunoreactivity was also lower in chronic unpredictable stress animals. Myelin basic protein area fraction was positively correlated with the density of Cx43-positive puncta in orbitofrontal cortex, and with Cx30 puncta in prelimbic cortex.

Conclusion

Low Cx43 and Cx30 after chronic unpredictable stress in rat prelimbic cortex and orbitofrontal cortex suggests that reduced astrocytic gap junction density may generalize to the entire prefrontal cortex. Concurrent reduction of Cx43-, Cx30-, and myelin basic protein-immunolabeled structures is consistent with a mechanism linking changes in astrocyte gap junction proteins and disturbed myelin morphology in depression.
Investigating the influence of online interpersonal interaction on purchase intention based on stimulus-organism-reaction model
Authors: Liu Yaqin , Luo Xinxing , Cao Yi
Published: December 2018

Based on the stimulus-organism-reaction model, we study the direct effects of the three interpersonal attraction factors (perceived similarity, perceived familiarity, and perceived expertise) on purchase intention in the social commerce era, as well as the mediating roles of the normative and informational influence of reference groups in the above relationship. We apply structural equation model to the study samples consisting of 490 WeChat users. The results of empirical research indicate that the three interpersonal attraction factors have positive effects on purchase intention. Both the normative and informational influence fully mediate the effect of perceived familiarity on purchase intention, but only partially mediate the effects of perceived similarity and perceived expertise on purchase intention. The findings provided practitioners with insights into enhancing users’ intention to purchase in social commerce.
The role of environmental exposure to non‐cigarette smoke in lung disease
Authors: KC Rajendra , Shukla Shakti D. , Gautam Sanjay S. , Hansbro Philip M. , O’Toole Ronan F.
Published: December 2018

Chronic exposure to household indoor smoke and outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. The majority of these deaths occur in low and middle‐income countries. Children, women, the elderly and people with underlying chronic conditions are most affected. In addition to reduced lung function, children exposed to biomass smoke have an increased risk of developing lower respiratory tract infections and asthma‐related symptoms. In adults, chronic exposure to biomass smoke, ambient air pollution, and opportunistic exposure to fumes and dust are associated with an increased risk of developing chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and respiratory infections, including tuberculosis. Here, we review the evidence of prevalence of COPD in people exposed to non‐cigarette smoke. We highlight mechanisms that are likely involved in biomass‐smoke exposure‐related COPD and other lung diseases. Finally, we summarize the potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for management of COPD induced by non‐cigarette smoke exposure.
Reciprocity-based passive monitoring with individual sources
Authors: Almagro Vidal Carlos , van der Neut Joost , Wapenaar Kees
Published: December 2018

Time-lapse changes in the subsurface can be analyzed by comparing seismic reflection data from two different states, one serving as the base survey and the second as the monitor survey. Conventionally, reflection data are acquired by placing active seismic sources at the acquisition surface. Alternatively, these data can be acquired from passive sources in the subsurface, using seismic interferometry (SI). Unfortunately, the reflection responses as retrieved by SI inherit an imprint of the passive-source distribution; therefore, monitoring with SI requires high passive-source repeatability, which is very often not achievable in practice. We have developed an alternative by using active seismic data for the base survey and a single passive source (e.g., a seismic tremor produced by induced seismicity) for the monitor survey. By constraining the source-radiation pattern of the (active) base survey according to the characteristics of the (passive) monitor survey, we succeed in extracting the time-lapse response in the image domain. We tested our method with numerically modeled data.
Composting Feminisms and Environmental Humanities
Authors: Hamilton Jennifer Mae , Neimanis Astrida
Published: December 2018

Composting is a material labor whereby old scraps are transformed—through practices of care and attention—into nutrient-rich new soil. In this provocation, we develop “composting” as a material metaphor to tell a particular story about the environmental humanities. Building on Donna Haraway’s work, we insist “it matters what compostables make compost.” Our argument is twofold. First, we contend that certain feminist concepts and commitments are foundational to the environmental humanities’ contemporary emergence. Second, we advocate for more inclusive feminist composting for the future of our field.

We begin with a critical cartography of some of the field’s origin stories. While we discover that feminism is named or not named in several different ways, what most interests us here is a particular trend we observe, whereby key feminist scholars or concepts may be mentioned, but their feminist investments are not incorporated as such. Following this cartography, we dig into the stakes of these missed opportunities. A failure to acknowledge the feminist context that grows some of our field’s foundational concepts neutralizes their feminist politics and undermines the potential for environmental humanities to build alternative worlds. To conclude, we propose feminist composting as a methodology to be taken up further. We call for an inclusive feminist composting that insists on feminism’s imbrication with social justice projects of all kinds, at the same time as we insist that future composting be done with care. Sometimes paying attention to the feminist scraps that feed the pile means responding to feminism’s own potential assimilations and disavowals, particularly in relation to decolonization.

Like both the energy-saving domestic practice and the earlier social justice struggles that inspire it, composting feminism and environmental humanities involves messy and undervalued work. We maintain, however, that it is a mode of scholarship necessary for growing different kinds of worlds.
Factors associated with the utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives among family planning clients at the Pameungpeuk Rural Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Harzif Achmad Kemal , Mariana Ana , Malik Devi Marischa , Silvia Melisa , Lovita Bara Tracy
Published: December 2018

Background: Uncontrolled population development can prompt an assortment of populace issues and can be one of the reasons for increasing maternal death rates. The utilization of contraceptives in Indonesia was progressively dominated by injectable contraceptives and pill contraceptives in 2015 (52.21% and 24.36%, respectively). However, the rate of termination of the use of short-acting contraceptives by family planning clients was higher than other methods, therefore the use of short-acting contraceptive is not effective enough for use. In anticipating the decreased use of short-acting contraceptives while also seeking to control population growth, the National Family Planning Program in Indonesia is encouraging the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). Pameungpeuk is a region which has the second largest population, with the highest total fertility rate in South-West Java. The proportion of active users of LARCs in Pameungpeuk is also very low (10.66%). This study therefore aimed to analyze factors associated with the utilization of LARCs among family planning clients at the Pameungpeuk Rural Hospital.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with systematic random sampling. The sample group in this study was 84 family planning clients. We performed statistical analyses using a chi-square test.

Results: We found significant associations between the age of women (p=0.024), the cost of contraception (p=0.022), knowledge (p=0.042), beliefs (p=0.002), skill of health workers (p=0.008) and support from health workers (p=0.014). However, education (p=0.212), family income (p=0.087), attitude (p=0.593), exposure to information on LARCs (p=0.378), support from partners (p=0.094), support from friends (p=0.414) and the support of community leaders (p=0.367) had no significant association with the utilization of LARCs.

Conclusions: These findings highlight a critical need for improved education among family planning clients at the Pameungpeuk rural hospital regarding the use of LARCs for both medical and elective reasons.
Developing fit-for-purpose self-report instruments for assessing consumer responses to tobacco and nicotine products: the ABOUT™ Toolbox initiative
Authors: Chrea Christelle , Acquadro Catherine , Afolalu Esther F. , Spies Erica , Salzberger Thomas , Abetz-Webb Linda , Cano Stefan , Arnould Benoit , Mainy Nelly , Rose Jed , Weitkunat Rolf
Published: December 2018

Background. Determining the public health impact of tobacco harm reduction strategies requires the assessment of consumer perception and behavior associated with tobacco and nicotine products (TNPs) with different exposure and risk profiles. In this context, rigorous methods to develop and validate psychometrically sound self-report instruments to measure consumers’ responses to TNPs are needed.

Methods. Consistent with best practice guidelines, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s “Guidance for Industry Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims,” scientifically designed, fit-for-purpose, reliable, and valid instruments are now being applied to tobacco regulatory research.

Results. This brief report presents the ABOUT™ Toolbox (Assessment of Behavioral OUtcomes related to Tobacco and nicotine products) initiative. This communication: (1) describes the methodological steps followed for the development and validation of the measurement instruments included in the ABOUT™ Toolbox, (2) presents a summary of the high-priority tobacco-related domains that are currently covered in the ABOUT™ Toolbox (i.e., risk perception, dependence, product experience, health and functioning, and use history), and (3) details how the measurement instruments are made accessible to the scientific community.

Conclusions. By making the ABOUT™ Toolbox available to the tobacco research and public health community, we envision a rapidly expanding knowledge base, with the goals of (1) supporting consumer perception and behavior research to allow comparisons across a wide spectrum of TNPs, (2) enabling public health and regulatory communities to make better-informed decisions for future regulation of TNPs, and (3) enhancing surveillance activities associated with the impact of TNPs on population health.
The Problem of Legal Maintenance of Activity of an Integrated Base of Network Communication System
Authors: Привалова Галина , Privalova Galina , Шубина Оксана , Shubina Oksana
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of participation of basic departments in the system of network interaction of educational organizations. Regulatory and legal support of network interaction of educational organizations should be a part of a comprehensive regulatory framework governing the activities of participants in educational relations. The adoption of the law on education and the introduction of the concept of “network interaction” allowed educational organizations of higher education to create departments and other structural units. At the same time, the legislator does not defi ne the concept of “basic departments”. The lack of legislative defi nition of the concept of the basic department, determining its legal status, leads to many problems, which complicates the relationship between the participants of the educational environment in the system of network interaction.
AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE METAIS POTENCIALMENTE TÓXICOS EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS DO RIO JAURU
Authors: Da Silva Geilson Rodrigues , De Oliveira Hygor Rodrigues , Da Cruz Taniel Ferreira , Gandra Lucas Pereira
Published: December 2018

O Rio Jauru compõe a bacia do Alto Taquari que junto com a bacia do Baixo Taquari representam um dos principais afluentes do Rio Paraguai, responsável pelo ciclo das águas no bioma do pantanal. Ao longo do Rio Jauru existem jazidas de minerais e pequenos garimpos, além disso na região, localizam-se grandes lavouras de soja e milho que empregam agrotóxicos, podendo ocasionar contaminações ambientais. Diante disso é importante o emprego de legislações para reger os parâmetros de qualidade das águas, visto que o Rio Jauru abastece o vilarejo a sua margem. Com isso, verificou-se os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, sólido totais dissolvidos, cor verdadeira e dureza total) e quantificação dos metais (Ni, Cd, Cu, Mn e Pb) nas águas superficiais do Rio Jauru.  As amostras foram obtidas em três pontos de coleta no decorrer de três meses consecutivos. As determinações físico-químicas foram realizadas a partir de adaptação de métodos disponíveis na literatura e a avaliação de metais ocorreu pela técnica da Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica em Chama. Apenas a cor verdadeira apresentou concentrações acima do permitido pela legislação enquanto o cobre foi o único metal que apresentou concentração acima do permitido. Os resultados expostos no presente estudo, não apontaram para uma contaminação ambiental nos pontos e nos meses de análise.
DE QUEM É O CURRÍCULO? PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES POR UMA EDUCAÇÃO NÃO SOBERANA
Authors: Gomes Larissa Ferreira Rodrigues , Gomes Helder Januário da Silva
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo objetiva problematizar movimentos soberanos de dogmatização do currículo e das linhas ‘parresiastas’ dos estudantes brasileiros, que impulsionam a questionar de quem é o currículo? Debate sobre os conceitos de ‘Polícia soberana’ e ‘sociedade do espetáculo’ (AGAMBEN, 2015), e ‘sujeição social e servidão maquínica’ (LAZZARATO, 2014). Para tanto, assume como metodologia o acompanhamento cartográfico dos processos políticos produzidos em escolas públicas de Ensino Médio do Estado do Espírito Santo durante a Primavera secundarista. Como procedimentos metodológicos utiliza as imagens locais e nacionais divulgadas pela imprensa e as enunciações dos estudantes resistentes à reforma do Ensino Médio no Espírito Santo. Conclui afirmando que ao contestar o que está dado, os estudantes apontam que a escola e o currículo buscam em suas lutas e desejos a formação da existência “militante”, indagando sobre as estruturas políticas no interior das quais será capaz de afirmar a sua singularidade e a diferença.
POLÍTICAS DE INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL: DESAFIOS PARA A JUSTIÇA CURRICULAR
Authors: Pereira Cléia Demétrio , Lunardi-Mendes Geovana Mendonça , Pacheco José Augusto de Brito
Published: December 2018

As políticas de inclusão escolar têm sido disseminadas mundialmente pela internacionalização das políticas educacionais. Este texto analisa documentos políticos de inclusão escolar dos contextos brasileiro e português, que regulamentam a organização da escolarização de estudantes com deficiência da educação básica como forma de garantir justiça curricular. Utilizou-se documentos oficiais do Brasil e Portugal, no período delimitado entre 2008 e 2016. Das análises realizadas, conclui-se que os sistemas educativos brasileiro e português seguem orientações recomendadas pelas organizações internacionais, entretanto, o direito aos conhecimentos escolares realmente válidos não fazem parte das discussões dos textos políticos analisados, consequentemente, não estão ao alcance de todos.
The vast and omnivorous cloud
Authors: Stuart Thomas M.
Published: December 2018

Although it seems to promise an immaterial, unmediated, almost supernatural collapse of space at the user’s convenience, the cloud is not a solely spectral space. This introduction examines the cloud as a material object, a network of physical networks. It argues that inherent in the cloud’s nature as an internetwork is an excess, an overwhelming capacity to connect, reorganize and integrate. The physical nature and user experience of the Internet presents an uncontrolled, networked mediation of our personal lives, our history, our physical media and our orientation to the increasingly digital world. Examining popular digital horror, such as Slender Man, The Dionaea House (2006) and Kris Straub’s Ichor Falls (2009), alongside the articles collected in this special issue, this introduction argues that digital horror anxiously rehearses the cloud’s voracious capacity to incorporate that which should be left alone.
‘Ever seen horse-eyes up close?’: Entropoetics in _9MOTHER9HORSE9EYES9’s The Interface Series
Authors: Riddell Cameron
Published: December 2018

Reddit provides an experimental environment for authors to post their stories progressively; in the case of user _9MOTHER9HORSE9EYES9, this progressive storytelling is both cohesive and fragmented, being posted sequentially over the space of two months, and being posted across a wide range of subreddits to gather the attention of a large audience. Those who followed the posts back to the user directory discovered a narrative framework emerging from the ostensibly unrelated autonomous posts, a framework centred around the horrifying Mother with Horse Eyes. This article argues that the fragmented/completeness of the narrative becomes both the form and the function of the text, allowing us to theorize a poetics of entropy. Beyond all other concerns, The Interface Series explores the philosophical problem of entropy, with philosophical, hermeneutic and literary repercussions.
Book reviews
Authors: Somigli Luca , Renga Dana , Hill Sarah Patricia , Griffith Matthew , Brodesco Alberto , Jansen Monica , Brizio-Skov Flavia , Bona Stefano , Carpin Alessandro
Published: December 2018

Futurist Cinema: Studies on Italian Avant-Garde Film, Rossella Catanese (ed.) (2018) Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 258 pp., ISBN: 9789089647528, h/bk, €95.00

Relazioni brutali: Genere e violenza nella cultura mediale, Elisa Giomi and Sveva Magaraggia (2017) Bologna: Il Mulino, 240 pp., ISBN: 9788815265296, p/bk, €45.00

Luigi Ghirri and the Photography of Place: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Marina Spunta and Jacopo Benci (eds) (2017) Oxford: Peter Lang, 303 pp., ISBN: 3034322267, p/bk, £45.00

A Companion to Italian Cinema, Frank Burke (ed.) (2017) Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons, 618 pp., ISBN: 9781444332285, h/bk, $195.00

Italy Beyond Gomorrah: Roberto Saviano and Transmedia Disruption, Floriana Bernardi (2017) London and New York: Rowan & Littlefield, 127 pp., ISBN: 9781786600189, p/bk, £24.95

Media Convergence and Deconvergence, Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research, Sergio Sparviero, Corinna Peil and Gabriele Balbi (eds) (2017) Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 341 pp., ISBN: 9783319512884, p/bk, € 106.99

Spaghetti Westerns at the Crossroads: Studies in Relocation, Transition and Appropriation, Austin Fisher (ed.) (2016) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 313 pp., ISBN: 9780748695454, p/bk, £24.99

Orient (TO) Express: Film di viaggio, etno-grafie, teoria d’autore, Marco Dalla Gassa (2016) Sesto San Giovanni: Mimesis/Cinema, 426 pp., ISBN: 9788857534312, p/bk, € 30

‘Reading Practices in Experimental Narratives: A Comparative Perspective from Print to Digital Fiction in Modern Languages’, Emanuela Patti (ed.) (2016) Journal of Romance Studies, Volume 16, Number 1, Spring