bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS GEL ANTIAGING DARI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) DAN LENDIR BEKICOT (ACHATINA FULICA) DENGAN VARIASI GELLING AGENT CARBOMER 940 1%, 1,25%, 1,5%DAN 1,75%
Authors: Indriaty Sulistiorini
Published: December 2019

Ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah dalam konsentrasi 1% memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan karena kaya akan senyawa polifenol dan vitamin E. Lendir bekicot dalam konsentrasi 3% memiliki aktivitas sebagai pelembab kulit dan pengencang kulit karena memiliki senyawa allantoin dan Glycosaminoglycan. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk membuat sediaan kosmetika dengan bahan aktif lender bekicot dan kulit buah naga. Produk kosmetika antioksidan untuk perawatan wajah salah satunya yaitu sediaan bentuk gel Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui stabilitas sediaan gel dari lendir bekicot konsentrasi 3% dan ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah konsentrasi 1% dengan gelling agent carbomer 940 konsentrasi 1%,1,25%,1,5% dan 1,75% menggunakan metode cycling test. Parameter uji yang diamati adalah organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, viskositas, sifat alir dan sineresis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keempat formula stabil pada uji organoleptis dengan warna gel merah muda,bening,dan bentuk sediaan semisolida,homogen,dengan pH sesuai dengan pH kulit, daya sebar masuk kategori semistiff, dan sifat alir menunjukkan aliran plastis tiksotropik. Keempat formula menunjukkan stabil pada pengujian organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, sifat alir dan pengujian sineresis.
Hubungan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Dengan Konsumsi Sayur-Sayuran Di Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Heni Heni
Published: December 2019

The high and low level of vegetable consumption is estimated to be influenced by several factors including income, price, education, number of family members, age and area of origin of housewives. This research aims to find out (i) the amount of vegetable consumption by housewives in Amuntai Tengah District, (ii) the amount of expenditure for vegetable consumption by households in Central Amuntai Subdistrict (iii) how much socio-economic factors affect the amount of vegetable consumption -Vegetables by households in Central Amuntai District. The study was conducted in 9 villages in Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in April-May 2010. Using multistage random sampling, primary data was obtained from interviews and secondary data was obtained from the relevant agencies. The results showed that the average consumption of vegetables by households in Amuntai Tengah District was 8.57 kg / month with an expenditure of Rp. 57,706, 30 or 5.95 of total family income. From the correlation analysis and t test there is a significant relationship between the level of consumption of vegetables with family income, price and formal education level of housewives. The age factor of a housewife, the number of family members and the area of origin of a housewife do not have a significant relationship to the consumption of vegetables.
Aplikasi Berbagai Bahan Asal Hormon Alami terhadap Penyetekan Kenanga
Authors: Istiqomah Nurul , Hayati Noraida , Erawati Fenny
Published: December 2019

Cananga flowers can be taken cananga oil and ornamental flowers. Cananga can be reproduced generatively. Vegetative propagation is still difficult, both with cuttings, grafts, grafting and tissue culture. Plant propagation by cuttings, a problem that is often faced is the difficulty of cuttings in forming roots, to overcome this problem can be used to grow stimulants that can stimulate rooting cuttings. Hormones are growth stimulants which naturally occur in plants both in leaves and fruit, one of which is in coconuts. The purpose of this study was (i) to determine the effect of various natural hormone ingredients on the growth of cananga cuttings, and (ii) to obtain the best natural hormone ingredients that influence the growth of cananga cuttings. This research was carried out on STIPER Amuntai land and greenhouses from July to August 2012. This experiment used a single randomized block design (RBD), grouping based on plant sires. The factors studied were various natural hormone ingredients (H), consisting of 4 levels, namely: h1 = old coconut water, h2 = young coconut water, h3 = red onion and h4 = cow urine. Each treatment consisted of 4 treatments and 6 groups, so that there were 24 experimental units. The experimental results show that the application of various natural hormones is not able to increase the growth of cananga cuttings. The best natural hormones are not obtained even though by observation of natural hormones that are able to maintain vigority cuttings better is young coconut water (h2).
Strategi Pemasaran Produk Kerajinan Eceng Gondok Di Desa Banyu Hirang Kecamatan Amuntai Selatan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara (Studi Kasus Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) “ Kembang Ilung”)
Authors: Warliyanti Yani
Published: December 2019

This study aims (i) to know the strength, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, and (ii) to find out how the marketing strategy of the "Kembang Ilung" Joint Business Group (KUB) in Banyu Hirang Village, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. The case method is used in this study, there are two parties who are respondents, namely the internal party is the manager of the KUB and the member is the water hyacinth craftsman, while the external party is Disparindagkop. Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. The results showed that the IFE matrix was 2.592 and the EFE matrix was 2.674 where the IE matrix placed the Kembang Ilung in the V quadrant, namely the Hold and Maintain strategy (keep and maintain). The strategy that can be applied to this position is the strategy of market penetration and product development.
Prospek dan Strategi Pemasaran Kerupuk Itik “Mama Ami” di Desa Kota Raden Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Sitanggang Miranda Romaully Br. , Hidayatullah Arief , Murliani Murliani
Published: December 2019

This research aimed to selling forecast duck chip for five year later and know what is the matter with “Mama Ami’s” duck chip business in Kota Raden village with analysis the strengths, weaknesess, opportunities and threats. This is Research use case study method. The Instrument what to use research is SPSS software for forecase marketing, to make a marketing strategy researcher use IFE matric,EFE matric, IE matric.  Based on the result forecast selling duck chip refer to selling increase continou. IFE matric result total score 3,134  and 2,521 for score EFE Matric. The score to those disposition IV sel on IE matric, that is grow and build. This disposition just up to intensive strategy dan integration strategy.
Analisis Kelayakan Industri Rumah Tangga Keripik Singkong di Desa Kasarangan Kecamatan Labuan Amas Utara
Authors: Royensyah Rum Van , Sundariah Sundariah
Published: December 2019

Integrated processing of cassava in the household scale cassava chips industry is an effort to optimize each stage of cassava processing and the utilization of by-products arising from the industry to increase the added value of cassava. Cassava is one of the commodities that are often found in rural areas such as in Kasarangan Village, this study aims to determine the size (i) of production costs (ii) revenue (iii) benefits and (iv) business feasibility of cassava chips household business in Kasarangan Village, Labuan Amas District, North, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. The results of this study indicate that the business of home industries of cassava chips that were cultivated by entrepreneurs / respondents in this study, the average total cost reached Rp. 22,820,286.00. Average fixed costs reach Rp. 2,228,649.00 / month and the average variable cost reaches Rp. 20,591,636.00 / month. The average revenue is Rp. 54,000,000.00 / month, with an average profit reaching Rp. 31,179,714.00 / month. Based on the data presented, the cassava chips household industry in Kasarangan Village, Labuan Amas District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. With the average RCR value of the business reaching 2.37, it is worth trying
Alokatif Penggunaan Faktor-Faktor Produksi Usaha Pembesaran Ikan Patin di Kolam (Studi Kasus di Desa Banua Lawas Kecamatan Banua Lawas Kabupaten Tabalong)
Authors: Hidayatullah Arief , Muhimah Siti
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of (i) production factors on catfish production, (ii) production factors that have a significant effect and (iii) allocative efficiency level of the use of production factors to enlarge catfish in ponds in Banua Lawas Village Banua Lawas District, Tabalong Regency. Research and data collection was conducted by survey and interview methods with a sample of 28 respondents who were catfish enlargement pond entrepreneurs in Banua Lawas Village, Banua Lawas District, Tabalong Regency. The analysis used is the analysis of the Cobb-Douglas production function and allocative efficiency. The results showed that the F test stated that all variables in the area of ponds, seeds, feed, and labor simultaneously had a significant effect on the production of catfish. Based on the results of the coefficient of determination shows that 88% of the variation in the amount of production can be explained by the variable pool area, seeds, feed, and labor. While 12% is influenced by other variables not included in the regression model. The results of the t test state that the factors of seed, feed, and labor have a significant and significant effect on catfish production while the pool area factor has no significant and no significant effect on catfish production. The value of price efficiency (EH) of seeds, feed, and labor are respectively (14.1), (0.4), (4.3), which means that the use of production inputs is not allocatively efficient.
Strategi Pengembangan Kerajinan Rotan di Desa Sungai Limas Kecamatan Haur Gading Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Kusumayana Purna , Syarif Ahmad
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the development of handicrafts in the Sungai Limas village of Hulu Sungai Utara, and alternative development strategies in the Sungai Limas village of Hulu Sungai Utara. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of IFE matrix total score of 2.767 and EFE matrices obtained a total score of 2.939 where the matrix V IE placed on the strategic quadrant keep and maintain (hold and maintain). Strategies that can be applied to this position is a strategic market penetration and product development
Las prácticas educativas parentales: análisis por género de una muestra de adolescentes Coahuilenses
Authors: González Tovar José , Hernández Montaño Alicia
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar de manera cualitativa las diferencias por género de las prácticas parentales implementadas en las familias de adolescentes. El análisis por género se realizó considerando la perspectiva de los hombres y las mujeres sobre las prácticas que realizan sus padres para educarlos. La muestra por conveniencia estuvo compuesta por 133 alumnos de nivel secundaria de la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila. Se aplicó un cuestionario de diez preguntas abiertas de las cuales se tomaron las dos que en particular se refieren a lo que el padre y madre hacen para educar al adolescente. El procedimiento de análisis se realizó a través del programa ATLAS.ti para datos cualitativos. En los hombres hay un elemento diferenciador en las prácticas educativas enunciadas y es el que refiere al castigo físico, el cual fue un elemento aún presente en la dinámica padre-hijo en la etapa adolescente. Las mujeres no reportaron más que la amonestación verbal como método de corrección. Los hombres reportaron tanto el castigo físico como el verbal en sus respuestas aunque no se precisó el nivel de severidad del mismo ni las características particulares de su aplicación. Se concluyó que el papel de los estereotipos en la cultura mexicana y su influencia en las prácticas de crianza justifica el trato más enérgico y poca comunicación hacia los varones, y un trato de mayor protección y cuidado, así como una comunicación más abierta que permita la expresión de las emociones en las mujeres.
La crianza que ejercen padres y madres con hijos adolescentes en el medio rural: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Oudhof Van Barneveld Hans , González Arratia López Fuente Norma Ivonne , González Escobar Sergio , Robles Estrada Erika , Rodríguez Aguilar Brenda
Published: December 2019

Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con el objetivo de identificar las prácticas de crianza que ejercen padres y madres de familia en una zona rural del Estado de México, para lo cual se utilizó una muestra no probabilística por cuotas de 30 padres y madres con hijos adolescentes. Asimismo, se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas, diseñado para determinar los aspectos básicos de la crianza parental en el hogar. Los resultados indican que predomina una división del trabajo por género de tipo tradicionalista: las madres son las principales responsables del cuidado de los hijos. Las actividades primordiales que se realizan para la educación de los hijos son promover su formación escolar, fomentar la comunicación, inculcar valores, además de dar consejos y apoyo. Se encontró una gran variedad de cualidades que los padres se atribuyen a sí mismos en su papel de educadores, tales como ser comprensivos, exigentes, responsables y cariñosos. Las estrate- gias que se utilizan con mayor frecuencia en caso de desobediencia de los hijos son llamarles la atención, hablar con ellos, castigos no físicos y tratar de corregir su comportamiento. Se concluye que las prácticas de crianza que reportaron los participantes en el estudio no concuerdan con la imagen estereotipada que se tiene de la socialización familiar en el medio rural.
Escala para la Evaluación de la Educación Artística (EEEA)
Authors: Castell Ruiz Irasema del Pilar , Frías Armenta Martha , Medina Rivilla Antonio
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar el proceso de diseño y validación de la Escala para la Evaluación de la Educación Artística (EEEA). Se elaboró un cuestionario ex profeso con datos sociodemográficos y con preguntas específicas sobre la formación en educación artística; éste se dividió en dos secciones: I) Sección institución y II) Sección alumno(a). La primera sección fue conformada por las sub escalas: 1) características de la institución, 2) características del aula, 3) actividades artísticas, y 4) estructura del programa. Las cuatro se adaptaron de la Escala de Evaluación de Contextos Educativos Infantiles (ECERS-R, Harms & Clifford, 1980). Para la sección alumno(a) se construyeron cuatro sub escalas: 1) características del alumno con sus respectivas dimensiones (académicas, creatividad, artísticas, inteligencias múltiples, liderazgo, comportamientos éticos, inteligencia emocional y salud), 2) características de los padres, 3) características del maestro(a), y 4) interacción, con un total de 135 ítems. La escala EEEA se aplicó a 50 maestros y 50 padres de niños sordos que cursaban educación básica. Los valores de las alfas de las escalas analizadas revelaron consistencia interna dado que todas fueron mayores a .75.
Filosofía natural y mito en “Nos han dado la tierra” y “¡Diles que no me maten!” de Juan Rulfo
Authors: Navarro Gálvez Jesús Abad , Avechuco Cabrera Daniel
Published: December 2019

Al margen de la evidente relación conflictiva entre los personajes de El Llano en llamas y la naturaleza, es posible advertir otro tipo de vínculo, el cual, lejos de fundamentarse en la hostilidad, se configura como el último reducto donde el hombre ha de refugiarse para soportar, en la medida de lo posible, la precariedadde los demás componentes del mundo. A este vínculo le subyace un horizonte ético-epistemológico particular que Gilbert Durand, antropólogo y filósofo francés, ha denominado “hombre tradicional”. Tanto en “¡Diles que no me maten!” como en “Nos han dado la tierra”, el tipo de relación que el campesino rulfiano establece con la naturaleza permite, por un lado, dar relativa solución a un marco de contradicciones alusivas al concepto de justicia y, por otro, contribuye a esbozar una explicación de las diferencias históricas entre hombres que habitan el mismo espacio pero que lo experimentan de modos opuestos.
Poe en España: las primeras influencias
Authors: Molina Porras Juan
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo explora la poco estudiada y muchas veces desatendida recepción e influencia que Edgar Allan Poe ejerció sobre los escritores españoles del siglo XIX y principios del XX y su importancia para la generación de lo fantástico en una literatura española que, en general, deja fuera de su canon esta faceta. Elescritor norteamericano fue una presencia que obsesionó (obsesiona) a muchos autores y esa huella se ve en las improntas dejadas en los cuentos y temáticas y se hace presente en las traducciones y artículos que publicaron escritores como Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, Rafael Serrano Alcázar, Emilia Pardo Bazán y PíoBaroja. La idea que sustenta el trabajo no sólo atañe a la influencia de Poe, que se hace más importante a partir de la década de 1880 e impulsa la llegada a la imprenta de algunos de los mejores cuentos fantásticos españoles; señala también que en los últimos años del siglo XIX, el estilo y la escuela de Poe se confundieron y mezclaron con las de Maupassant dando así entrada a la identidad de lo fantástico en España.
Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
Published: December 2019

Booming anthropogenic activities is the main reason of widespread contamination of soil by petroleum hydrocarbons, resulting in environmental, health and socio-economic concerns. Remediation of contaminated soil has received much attention including phytoremediation which has the advantages of being low cost and technologically uncomplicated. Numerous papers on phytoremediation have been published and this review aims to examine selected studies on phytoremediation in the past five years to deduce the study trend and make recommendations for the way forward. The review shows an increasing number of studies combining phytoremediation with other methods particularly the physical methods such as soil amendment, electrokinetic remediation and surfactant application, as well as bioremediation using fungi and bacteria. There is increasing interest to investigate the synergy of these methods which leads to co-applications of one or more remediation methods with phytoremediation. Such co-applications often yield higher petroleum hydrocarbons removal rates in shorter time. Future studies can also include chemical remediation in the synergistic studies of phytoremediation and other remediation methods.

Keywords: Phytoremediation; Bioremediation; Crude oil; PAHs; Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Hyaluronan as a predictive biomarker in recurrent renal stone formers
Authors: Mayur Danny I. Gohel  , H.Y.H. Or  , M.C.K. Lau  , C.F. Ng
Published: December 2019

Recurrence of renal calculi after treatments such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and surgeries, remains high. A viable diagnostic biomarker is needed to alert the patient and the clinician to monitor for stone recurrences. This study concentrates on idiopathic stone-formers (SF) and 6 groups of subjects were recruited with Active-SF (pre- and post- treatments), Non-SF (with and without infection) for comparisons. Urine and blood samples were collected from the patients (with inclusion and exclusion criteria) from the hospital clinic and processed at the laboratory with ELISA and biochemical methods (electrophoresis and HPLC). 120 samples were collected amongst the 3 groups. The following demographics were obtained: Age-range (32 – 63 years old); Male: Female ratio (58: 42); Mean urinary pH 6.33 ± 0.23 (though in each group there are differential mean pH) and urinalysis done for all samples to verify the integrity of the samples. The first biomarker studied was the excretion of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Chondroitin sulphate A/C (CS), dermatan sulphate (DS), heparin sulphate (HS) and hyaluronan (HA) were extracted and quantified. Active SF (prior treatment) had 70% positive indicator for GAGs and those SF (post treatment) had over 90% compared to the Normals. Other biomarkers (not reported here) under investigations are cytokines including NAG and MIP-1α. This study combines majority of the biomarkers in our study under a case-control investigation to suggest a potential and sensitive marker for recurrent SFs. Hyaluronan is one such candidate biomarker.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Glycosaminoglycans; Hyaluronan; Recurrence; Urolithiasis
Can Zingiber officinale immunomodulation in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against Vibrio alginolyticus?
Authors: Gunapathy Devi  , Chellam Balasundaram  , Harikrishnan Ramasamy
Published: December 2019

The present study was investigated the protective efficacy of Zingiber officinale extract enriched diets at 0 g, 0.01 g, 0.1 g, and 1.0 g per kilogram in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against Vibrio alginolyticus. The total hemocyes (THC) significantly increased in prawn fed at 0.1 g and 1.0 g diets on weeks 1 and 2 and all the doses of the diet on week 4 as compared with control against V. alginolyticus. The prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity significantly enhanced all doses of the diet during the experiment as compared to control. The respiratory burst (RB) activity significantly enhanced when prawns were received at 0.1 g and 1.0 g diets on first week and all the doses of the diet on fourth week. The superoxide dimutase (SOD) activity did not significant change between weeks 1 and 2, but it was enhanced on fourth week at 0.1 g and 1.0 g diets. The phogocytic activity was significantly enhanced in all the doses of the diet during the experiment. The clearance efficiency was significantly increased in 0.1 g and 1.0 g diets between weeks 1 and 2 and all the doses of the diet on week 4 as compared with control. The survival rate was 70% and 83% with 0.1 g and 1.0 g diets compared with 0.01 g diet in M. rosenbergii against V. alginolyticus. Therefore, this present results suggested that feed supplementation with Z. officinale positively modulate the immune system and protect M. rosenbergii from V. alginolyticus infection.

Keywords: Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Non-specific immunity; Supplementation diet; Vibrio alginolyticus; Zingiber officinale
Literatur über Städte mit anderen Augen sehen
Authors: Puttkamer Laura
Published: December 2019

In Cities and Literature gibt Malcom Miles einen umfassenden Überblick über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Städten und Literatur. Dabei geht es vor allem um westliche Literatur der letzten 150-200 Jahre.
Wo ist die Rente im Erbe der Rent-Gap-Theorie?
Authors: Calbet i Elias Laura
Published: December 2019

Vierzig Jahre nach Neil Smiths Aufsatz „Towards a Theory of Gentrification. A Back to the City Movement by Capital, not People“ scheinen Verdrängungsprozesse aktueller denn je, und die Abschöpfung von Rente hat mit den zunehmend finanzorientierten Formen der Kapitalakkumulation eine neue Dimension erlangt. Es ist also nicht verwunderlich, dass beide Begriffe nicht nur in die Stadtforschung, sondern auch in die politischen Auseinandersetzungen um den Zugang zu Wohnraum weiterhin Eingang finden. Die beiden Begriffe stoßen dennoch auf sehr ungleiche Resonanz: Während bei der Gentrifizierungsdiskussion eine ununterbrochen rege Theoriebildung stattgefunden hat, ist bei der Grundrententheorie seit Jahren kaum Bewegung zu vermelden. Der Kommentar zeichnet nach, warum und wie aus Sicht der Autorin die Rententheorien weiterentwickelt werden sollten.
Das urbane Unbewusste
Authors: Pohl Lucas
Published: December 2019

Anfang der 1990er Jahre haben die anglophonen Geographien damit begonnen, sich mit dem Verhältnis von Psychoanalyse und Stadt auseinanderzusetzen. Ausgehend hiervon kam es Anfang der 2000er Jahre zum Ausruf eines psychoanalytic turn und zur Etablierung von Subdisziplinen, wie den psychoanalytic geographies und der psychoanalytic planning theory, die in den letzten Jahren zu etablierten Bestandteilen der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Städten im anglophonen Raum geworden sind. Da ein solcher turn hierzulande ausgeblieben ist, stellt sich dieser Beitrag die Frage nach dem Potential einer psychoanalytischen Stadtforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum. Hierzu verfolgt der Autor die These, dass die Stadt bereits in ihrer Entstehung durch das Unbewusste heimgesucht wird. Das urbane Unbewusste kennzeichnet eine Art konstitutiven Störfaktor, der sich in die Topologie der Stadt einschreibt und die Stadt als Objekt (der Stadtforschung) in letzter Instanz unmöglich macht. Ausgehend von dieser Unmöglichkeit, geht der Beitrag den Fantasien rund um die sozialen, politischen und materiellen Verhältnisse einer Stadt nach. Fantasien spielen aus Sicht der psychoanalytischen Stadtforschung eine zentrale Rolle, um der Stadt eine illusorische Konsistenz zu verleihen und das urbane Unbewusste auf Distanz zu halten. Sie ermöglichen es, sich die Stadt vorzustellen, sie zu fühlen und über sie zu sprechen. Der Beitrag endet schließlich mit ein paar Worten zu den Herausforderungen einer künftigen Erschließung der Psychoanalyse für kritische Stadtforschung.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION ON SOME INDICATORS OF CONGENITAL IMMUNITY AND OXIDIZING PROCESSES IN BREAM ABRAMIS BRAMA INHABITING LAKE NERO AND THE RYBINSK RESERVOIR
Authors: Silkina N. I. , Mikryakov V. R.
Published: December 2019

The results of a comparative analysis of some blood serum immune-biochemical indices of bream that inhabits lake Nero and the Rybinsk Reservoir are reported. The following indices were investigated: anti-microbial properties: proportion of immune-deficient animals, common lipids level and their fractional composition, content of malondialdehyde and antioxidant activity. Unlike fishes from relatively clean waters, fishes from ecologically unfavorable areas show low immune status, alterations in lipid metabolism and increased free radical oxidation.
IMPACT ОF CHRONIC INHALATION OF LOW DOSES OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS C6-C10 ON METABOLIC PROFILES OF RATS BRAIN AND LIVER
Authors: Ukolov A. I. , Kessenikh E. D. , Orlova T. I. , Radilov A. S. , Goncharov N. V.
Published: December 2019

For the first time, the chronic inhalation effect of aliphatic hydrocarbons (HC) in low concentrations on metabolic profiles of low molecular weight organic compounds including free (FFA) and esterified (EFA) fatty acids in rats brain and liver was studied. Gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used as analytical methods. The list of hydrocarbons includes hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane in various ratios. Changes in profiles of low-molecular compounds in the brain were detected under the action of a mixture of HCs in a concentration of 160 ± 20.5 mg/m3 for 90 days, while the action of the HCs mixture at lower concentrations of 31.4 ± 5.6 mg/m3 and 5.2 ± 1.08 mg/m3 only leads to minor changes in profiles. A significant increase in lysophospholipids concentrations, mainly of lysophosphatidylcholine, in the extract from the brain and blood plasma was revealed. The increase in the content of lysophospholipids in brain tissues can be considered as a consequence of the destruction of cell membranes, specific to neurodegenerative processes. At the same time, an increase in the lysophosphatidylcholine concentration in the brain is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of glycerol-3-phosphate and is not followed by changes in the concentrations of glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, choline, acetylcholine, FFA, or lysophosphatidic acid. It was shown that concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanamine, referred to the concentrations of glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine in blood plasma, may serve as potential markers of the effect of HC on the brain.
EFFECT OF KAGOCEL PREPARATION ON THE GENERATIVE FUNCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AT ITS ADMINISTRATION IN THE INFANTILE PERIOD OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Borovskaya T. A. , Poluektova M. E. , Vychuzhanina A. V. , Mashanova V. A. , Shchemerova Yu. A.
Published: December 2019

In experimental studies on rats (males, females) at their infantile stage starting from 10 days, a potential delayed toxic effect of the antiviral drug Kagocel on the reproductive system was studied. The drug was administered for 12 days in a therapeutic dose and at a dose 10-fold higher than the therapeutic one. Reproductive safety was estimated after animals reached the reproductive age (2.5 months). It was found out that the drug, when administered in both doses, does not decrease the fertility of animals, does not induce morphological and pathological changes in the sex glands, and does not have toxic effect on the offspring. Obtained data characterize Kagocel as a preparation with a wide reproductive safety profile and show that it can be used in pediatric practice for infants.
SOME IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN CARASSIUS CARASSIUS EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINK IONS
Authors: Silkina N. I. , Mikryakov D. V. , Mikryakov V. R.
Published: December 2019

Investigation results are reported on immunobiochemical indices in carassius carassius at a chronic exposure to sub-lethal Zink ions concentrations. In blood serum and liver, the following characteristics were investigated: antimicrobial properties, proportion of immune- deficient animals, content of non specific immune complexes, common lipids level, content of lipids peroxidation products and antioxidant activity. The relation between magnitudes of indices under investigation in fishes and the duration of their presence under experimental conditions is shown.
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF HYGIENE REGULATORY STANDARDS FOR THE MIXTURE OF С1−С5 SATURATED HYDROCARBONS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS
Authors: Radilov A. S. , Shkaeva I. E. , Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Solntseva S. A. , Nikulina O. S. , Nikolaev A. I. , Popov V. B. , Protasova G. A.
Published: December 2019

Experimental studies of toxicity and hazard assessment of a mixture of С1-С5 saturated hydrocarbons as pollutants of atmospheric air were performed. It was shown that the mixture exhibits a low toxicity at a single exposure and does not irritate skin and eye mucous membranes. The Limac of the С1-С5 mixture was set at 25300 and 3100 mg/ m3 by the resorptive and reflex effects respectively. After 90-day chronic continuous exposure to the mixture, symptoms of chronic intoxication, specifically functional disorders in the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems and in biochemical processes, were revealed. The threshold concentration of the mixture was estimated at 255.7 mg/m3 . The experimental results were used to substantiate hygiene regulatory standards (MAC average day dose, and MAC maximum one-time dose) and hazard class for the mixture of С1-С5 saturated hydrocarbons in the atmospheric air of residential areas.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME FOLLOWING POISONING WITH ANTI-CHOLINESTERASE AGENTS
Authors: Tyunin M. A. , Chepur S. V. , Gogolevsky A. S. , Selivanov D. V. , Burtseva N. I. , Ilyinskiy N. S.
Published: December 2019

Etiology and pathogenesis current concepts of the intermediate syndrome in cases of poisoning with anticholinesterase compounds (organophosphorus compounds, carbamates) are considered in the review. Characteristics of the syndrome clinical picture and its diagnostics methods using electromyography are presented.. Data on the experience of broadly used basic antidotal agents (cholinesterase reactivators, M – and N-cholinoreceptors) and pathogenic therapy of poisonings were analyzed and summarized. To solve the problem, priority research directions were determined, such as search for formation mechanisms of the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker and development of methods for prophylaxis and therapy using drugs targeting N-cholinoreceptors.
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES USING ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS
Authors: Asanova A. A. , Polonskiy V. I. , Grigoriev Y. S.
Published: December 2019

The use of nanoparticles covers new spheres of production every year. Their release into the environment is possible at any stage of their lifespan: from the manufacturing process to the utilization in the final product; therefore potential risks they pose for various environmental objects should be evaluated. The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of technogenic nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris growth and photosynthetic activity. Toxic properties of three types of nanoparticles TiO2 with a size of 100 to 190 nm, SiO2 with dimensions of 10-15 nm and 100-120 nm have been studied. Chlorella vulgaris Beijer alga was used as test organism. The evaluation of nanoparticles toxicity was based on changes in the relative delayed fluorescence index (RDFI), which characterizes the photosynthetic activity of microalgae. The effect on the growth of the test culture was determined from the optical density (OD) of the algal suspension. It was found that the TiO2 nanoparticles slightly reduced the growth and activity of the cell photosynthetic apparatus. Large particles of SiO2 proved to be more toxic than smaller ones. For nanoparticles of 100-120 nm size , the EC50 value according to the OD index was 8 mg/dm3, while the particles measuring 10-15 nm did not show a significant effect on the growth of the culture. Large SiO2 particles also appeared more toxic than small particles, judging by RDFI parameter.
SAFETY STUDY OF FENTANYL AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE COMBINATION ON AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF IMPAIRED CARDIAC FUNCTION
Authors: Vengerovich N. G. , Yudin M. А. , Vakhviyajnen M. S. , Vladimirova O. O. , Аlekseeva I. I. , Аleshina O. I.
Published: December 2019

A comparative analysis of influence of fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and their combination on physical activity tolerance, electrocardiogram indexes and integral tolerance rates (therapeutic indices range) was conducted on an experimental model of cardiac failure induced by daily subcutaneous injections of 0.4 mg/kg adrenaline hydrochloride over 7 days. The findings were also confirmed by histomorphologic validation. In a suggested model of impaired cardial function, the analgesic activity and toxicity of fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and their combination were assessed in comparison with intact animals. It was shown that on the background of cardiac pathology, 13 to 25% decrease of average lethal doses was observed for each of the drugs under consideration. At the same time when drugs were administered in combination, an average aanalgetic dose did not change unlike single-drug analgesia.
THE STUDY OF EMBRYOTOXIC AND TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF DIISONONYL PHTHALATE
Authors: Grynchak V. A. , Sychik S. I. , Vlasenko E. K. , Ilyukova I. I. , Ryabceva S. N.
Published: December 2019

Toxicological studies were conducted on impact of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) on the reproductive system of white vrats..In experiments, A. Dinerman,’s scheme was applied which allows recording embryotropic and teratogenic effects taking into account the dynamics of the development of offspring in the postnatal period. The presence of anomalies in the development of embryos internal organs was determined by the sagittal section method according to W. Wilson. It was found out that intragastric administration of the test compound to females during the pregnancy period at doses of 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg/kg initiated external and internal malformations in embryos. The exposure level of 10,000 mg/kg is characterized by increased rate of total post implantation and embryonic mortality, multiple embryonic developmental defects. At the same time, there were no significant changes in the postnatal development of the offspring compared to the control. In the experiment it was established that the dose of 10 mg/kg is the most inactive dose of DINP at which no signs of teratogenic and embryotropic actions were revealed.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN CHEMISTRY IN SAICM FRAMEWORK
Authors: Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Shcherbakov P. A.
Published: December 2019

The article describes the principles of «Green Chemistry» and the goals and objectives of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management. «Green» chemistry is one of the most effective safety management tools. The principles of «Green Chemistry» and SAICM are reflected in the legislative and regulatory acts of many countries, including the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union. The performed analysis of issues in chemical safety and approaches to safe management of chemicals showed identity of goals of SAICM and Green Chemistry and prospects of the use of the Green Chemistry principles in solving issues in chemical safety.
SPECIFICITY OF TOXICOLOGY TEACHING AT THE EDUCATIONAL MILITARY CENTER OF THE N.M. SECHENOV UNIVERSITY
Authors: Kushnir L. A. , Timoshevskiy A. A. , Putilo V. M.
Published: December 2019

The every-day and combat activities of military personnel are associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this regard, a qualitative training in toxicology of military physicians is needed to make them ready to carry out medical protection measures for the personnel of the troops and the civil population from damaging effects of numerous factors of chemical nature, both in peacetime and in wartime. The study of military toxicology is an important part of military medical education in the military training center at the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov. It is shown that the training system in toxicology that existed before 2014 did not allow a full-fledged mastering of educational material. In connection with this, a new curriculum was developed, including up-to-date information on military toxicology and medical protection, for which 108 academic hours are allocated in the military training center. The distribution of the toxicology issues teaching time by topics and types of training sessions is presented, characteristics of the main control options for the knowledge gained are shown. Training in toxicology is carried out using new educational technologies, including the educational portal, as well as modern tutorials and textbooks, including the textbook «Toxicology and Medical Protection» (2016). Graduates from the military training center effectively use the knowledge and skills gained in toxicology during their further practical activities in the troops.
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN CHEMICAL SAFETY AT THE RESENT STAGE
Authors: Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Vinogradova A. A.
Published: December 2019

Modern directions of activities are reported in the frame of international agreements in chemical safety-The Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, the Rotterdam Convention on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade, the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. Taking into account that at the national level, especially in small-size countries, the same bodies represent their countries in international conventions, in 2011 under UNEP, a BRS convention (unified secretariat) was set up to improve coordination of Conventions, to raise the level of their cooperation and at the same time to lower expenses of their activities by setting up common services such as administration support, joimt clearing house, planning and holding meetings of all levels, training, providing technical assistance etc. The three conventions deal with a great number of the same substances in accordance with their objectives and area of activities which requires a deep coordination in the frame of Conventions both at the international and national levels. All three Conventions preserve their full independence but conducting a policy of synenergy that means collaboration and deep coordination,
STUDY OF AMPICILLIN TOXICITY TO DAPHNIA MAGNA CRUSTACEANS AND ACTIVATED SILT COMMUNITY
Authors: Mashchenko Z. E. , Maslova E. V. , Mizina P. G. , Gerasimov Y. L. , Purygin P. P. , Shatalaev I. F.
Published: December 2019

Although the total content of organic s compounds in water is regulated, it is rather difficult to formulate and set standards for individual organic substances coming to the biological treatment facilities of urban aeration stations. Many experts believe it necessary to conduct further experimental studies to set their permissible concentrations and prevent slowing down biological treatment. One of the accepted experimental control methods for toxicity is a bio testing method. In the course of the present study, an investigation into ampicillin toxicity was performed for the test-objects daphnia and community of microorganisms in active silt. The experiment was carried out on crustaceans using N.S. Stroganov standard technique. The impact of antibiotics on active silt was assessed by changes in the microorganisms’ dehydrogenases activity. The research results allow to characterize ampicillin as very low toxic to Daphnia and to active silt community of microorganisms , toxic effect of the antibiotics was established in concentrations of 200 to 400 mg/l.
INFLUENCE OF SODIUM THIOPENTAL ON CONSERVATION OF CONDITIONAL REFLEX OF PASSIVE AVOIDANCE IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT NERRVOUS SYSTEM EXCITABILITY
Authors: Shvetsov A. V. , Vaido A. I. , Dyuzhikova N. A. , Belskaya A. V. , Mikhailova M. V. , Skomorokhova E. B. , Batotsyrenova E. G.
Published: December 2019

A study of the dynamics of preservation of the conditioned reflex of passive avoidance (passive avoidance response) in rats of two lines with different level of excitability of the nervous system was performed: with a high and low thresholds of excitability as normal and after exposure to sodium thiopental semi-lethal dose. It was shown that a long preservation of the memorable trace under standard conditions and a higher sensitivity to the sodium thiopental action manifest in rats with a high excitability threshold in comparison with low-excitable line of rats.
EMBOLIZATION OF RENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA: CASE SERIES
Authors: Masood Ghania , Rehman Iffat , Khawar Saquib , Mufti Khurram A , Niazi Imran K.
Published: December 2019

Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) are benign lesions usually left alone. However, lesions larger than 4 cm carry the risk of spontaneous haemorrhage and need treatment. Angiography and embolisation are the current standard of care particularly in patients with high operative risks. Angio-embolisation is a safe, minimally invasive procedure preserving maximum renal parenchyma, with the added advantage of preventing peri-procedural morbidity. Two cases of AML are presented in this case series. Key words: Angiomyolipoma, embolisation, renal
UPDATES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Squire Roly
Published: December 2019

Through international collaboration we are at the start of a new age in the management of this enigmatic tumour. Tumours are now grouped at diagnosis using the International Neuroblastoma Risk Grouping (INRG), which uses information from tumour tissue reflecting tumour biology, as well as radiology to define Image-defined risk factors (IDRF). Tumours in high risk groups receive maximal therapy in an attempt to try and improve outcomes which are still poor. Intermediate risk tumours, which have better outcomes due to better response to current therapy, are treated aggressively with combination therapies with proven therapeutic effects, but with increasing attention to the minimising adverse treatment effects. The treatment of low risk tumours is now vastly reduced, acknowledging the excellent outcome in these children using minimal therapy. It has become apparent that the consequences of therapy in these children can easily be worse than those from the tumour itself. For very low risk tumours trials are exploring the outcomes without any treatment. INRG allows more precise comparison of results between different international groups, and provides a template into which new prognostic variables can be introduced, and their value assessed. In many centres multi-array analysis is studying the genetic profile of each tumour; perhaps this will allow increasing individualisation of treatment programmes in the near future. Key words: Neuroblastoma, International Neuroblastoma Risk Grouping, Image defined risk factors.
SALVAGE SURGERY FOR ANAL CANAL CA. LONG TERM OUTCOMES FROM A TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTRE
Authors: Malik Awais Amjad , Raza Syed Hasan , Nasir Irfan-ul-Islam , Shah M Fahd , Sadaf Tabinda , Khattak Shahid , Syed Aamir Ali
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the outcome of salvage surgery in the management of anal canal cancer.Methodology: All patients with a diagnosis of anal canal carcinoma from 2006 to 2015 were studied. Basic demographic data were recorded. Treatment modalities used were recorded for all patients. Long-term surgical outcomes were recorded. Median survival in months was recorded. All data were recorded in the SPSS ver. 20.Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the study. Median age was 51. 38 patients had SCCa on histology and 24 had an adenocarcinoma. 52% of patients had a T4 lesion. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was offered to 59 (95%) patients as the first line of therapy. 12 (19%) patients had a complete response. 37 (60%) patients had a partial and 10 (16%) patients had no response to chemoradiation. Salvage surgery was offered to 27 patients. Of these, 21 had a curative resection. Six had irresectable disease and underwent a colostomy only. Median overall survival for all patients was 46 months with a 5-year survival of 55%. Patients with partial response who were offered salvage surgery the 5-year survival were 40%. For patients with no response or progressive disease after chemoradiation therapy, the 5-year survival was 20%.Conclusion: Long-term survival can be achieved in majority of patients who undergo radical salvage surgery after failed CRT for carcinoma of the anal canal.Key words: Adenocarcinoma, anal canal, chemoradiotherapy, surgery
METRONOMIC CHEMOTHERAPY: ROLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Authors: Mair Manish Devendra , Nair Deepa , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: December 2019

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SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA OF LARYNX- A DISTINCT CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL ENTITY
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Jamshed Arif , Hussain Raza
Published: December 2019

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma with biphasic components and more aggressive behaviour. Its rarity and histopathological pattern pose a diagnostic challenge. Early diagnosis and treatment result in a decrease in local and distant metastasis. Case 1 is a 71-year-old female presented with hoarseness of voice and dyspnoea for 2 years without any risk factors. Fibre-optic laryngoscopy (FOL) revealed smooth polyp hanging from anterior two-third of the left vocal cord. Microlaryngoscopic excision revealed SpCC followed by post-operative radiotherapy and is currentlyalive. Case 2 is a 72-year-old male presented with worsening stridor for 2 years post-excision of laryngeal nodule and history of smoking and hookah use for >20 years. He developed dysphonia after a few months with fixed hard level 3 nodes at the right side. FOL showed a polypoid mass extending from the left vocal cord into the supraglottis. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the neck swelling confirmed the diagnosis of SpCC. Computerised tomography (CT) chest/abdomen showed distant metastasis. Palliative radiotherapy was given, but the patient died after 3 months due to locoregional failure. Case 3 is a 35-year-old male presented with a history of hoarseness for 3 years with no risk factors. FOL showed a 1.2-cm polypoid growth on the right vocal cord. Total laryngectomy was performed and histopathology showed SpCC. Radiotherapy was given and the patient is alive without disease with regular follow-ups. Smoking and alcohol are thought to be the contributing factors causing this disease. Biphasic nature of the tumour requires pathological sampling for diagnostic confirmation. Surgery combined with radiotherapy has a better survival outcome. SpCC is a rare tumour with a tendency for locoregionalrecurrence. Surgery should remain the mainstay of treatment followed by post-operative radiotherapy for a better control.Key words: Larynx, radiotherapy, spindle cell carcinoma