bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ag2O/V2O5 substitution on the radiation shielding ability of tellurite glass system via XCOM approach and FLUKA simulations
Authors: Olarinoye I O , Alomairy Sultan , Sriwunkum Chahkrit , Al-Buriahi M S
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on the effect of Ag2O/V2O5 substitution on the radiation shielding ability of tellurite glass system with the chemical composition of xAg2O + 40TeO2 + (60 − x)V2O5 with 0 < x < 50 mol%. FLUKA code was successfully employed for simulation the radiation interaction parameters of the glass systems. The results of the simulations were comparable with the predications of theory. Thereafter, several empirical equations were used to study the shielding ability of the glass systems against neutrons and charged particles. The results indicate that linear attenuation coefficient changes with energy and reaches maximum at 0.6 MeV (minimum at 10 MeV) with the values of 0.2806 (0.109), 0.3181 (0.121), 0.3771 (0.1498), 0.409 (0.168), 0.4588 (0.1911), and 0.5162 (0.2180) for x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol%, respectively. Beyond 5 MeV, the gamma ray constant was found in the order of

(
Γ
)

x
=
50

 > 

(
Γ
)

x
=
40

 > 

(
Γ
)

x
=
30

 > 

(
Γ
)

x
=
20

 > 

(
Γ
)

x
=
10

 > 

(
Γ
)

x
=
0

.

For all the charged particles, the projectile range was noted in the order of (R)x=0 > (R)x=10 > (R)x=20 > (R)x=30 > (R)x=40 > (R)x=50. Finally, we provide an extensive comparative study between AVT-glass systems and standard traditional materials. The obtained results suggest the sample of x = 50 mol% as the best photon, fast neutron and charged particle shield amongst the present glass systems. Hence, AVT6 could be used in radiation safety applications as a shield.
Invisible neutrino decay in precision cosmology
Authors: Barenboim Gabriela , Chen Joe Zhiyu , Hannestad Steen , Oldengott Isabel M. , Tram Thomas , Wong Yvonne Y.Y.
Published: March 2021

We revisit the topic of invisible neutrino decay in the precision cosmological context, via a first-principles approach to understanding the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure phenomenology of such a non-standard physics scenario. Assuming an effective Lagrangian in which a heavier standard-model neutrino νH couples to a lighter one νl and a massless scalar particle ϕ via a Yukawa interaction, we derive from first principles the complete set of Boltzmann equations, at both the spatially homogeneous and the first-order inhomogeneous levels, for the phase space densities of νH, νl, and ϕ in the presence of the relevant decay and inverse decay processes. With this set of equations in hand, we perform a critical survey of recent works on cosmological invisible neutrino decay in both limits of decay while νH is ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic. Our two main findings are: (i) in the non-relativistic limit, the effective equations of motion used to describe perturbations in the neutrino-scalar system in the existing literature formally violate momentum conservation and gauge invariance, and (ii) in the ultra-relativistic limit, exponential damping of the anisotropic stress does not occur at the commonly-used rate ΓT =(1/τ0) (mνH/EνH)3, but at a rate ∼ (1/0) (mνH/EνH)5. Both results are model-independent. The impact of the former finding on the cosmology of invisible neutrino decay is likely small.
The latter, however, implies a significant revision of the cosmological limit on the neutrino lifetime τ0 from τ0
old ≳ 1.2 × 109 s (mνH/50 meV)3 to
τ0 ≳ (4 × 105 → 4 × 106) s (mνH/50 meV)5.
Infrared neurostimulation in ex-vivo rat sciatic nerve using 1470 nm wavelength
Authors: Cury Joaquin , Vande Perre Louis , Smets Hugo , Stumpp Lars , Vespa Simone , Vanhoestenberghe Anne , Doguet Pascal , Delbeke Jean , El Tahry Riëm , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Nonclercq Antoine
Published: March 2021

Objective. To design and implement a setup for ex-vivo optical stimulation for exploring the effect of several key parameters (optical power and pulse duration), activation features (threshold, spatial selectivity) and recovery characteristics (repeated stimuli) in peripheral nerves. Approach. A nerve chamber allowing ex-vivo electrical and optical stimulation was designed and built. A 1470 nm light source was chosen to stimulate the nerve. A photodiode module was implemented for synchronization of the electrical and optical channels. Main results. Compound neural action potentials (CNAPs) were successfully generated with infrared light pulses of 200–2000 µs duration and power in the range of 3–10 W. These parameters determine a radiant exposure for stimulation in the range 1.59–4.78 J cm−2. Recruitment curves were obtained by increasing durations at a constant power level. Neural activation threshold is reached at a mean radiant exposure of 3.16 ± 0.68 J cm−2 and mean pulse energy of 3.79 ± 0.72 mJ. Repetition rates of 2–10 Hz have been explored. In eight out of ten sciatic nerves (SNs), repeated light stimuli induced a sensitization effect in that the CNAP amplitude progressively grows, representing an increasing number of recruited fibres. In two out of ten SNs, CNAPs were composed of a succession of peaks corresponding to different conduction velocities. Significance. The reported sensitization effect could shed light on the mechanism underlying infrared neurostimulation. Our results suggest that, in sharp contrast with electrical stimuli, optical pulses could recruit slow fibres early on. This more physiological order of recruitment opens the perspective for specific neuromodulation of fibre population who remained poorly accessible until now. Short high-power light pulses at wavelengths below 1.5 µm offer interesting perspectives for neurostimulation.
Study on the Photoluminescence Properties and First-Principles Calculations of L-cysteine Capped ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Zheng Zichuang , Zheng Chen , Xiong Lina , Chen Zhong , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Guangzhi , Liu Na , Duo Shuwang
Published: March 2021

L-cysteine (L-cys) was used to coat ZnS quantum dots (QDs), which should benefit the improvement of water solubility and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of ZnS QDs. The impact of L-cys on the performances of ZnS QDs and the corresponding mechanism were discussed. It illustrated that L-cys modification didn’t change the crystal structure of ZnS QDs, and the mean diameter was enlarged as the content of L-cys was more. The results also displayed that the water solubility and PL intensity of samples coated with L-cys was better than that of the uncoated sample. The sample exhibited the maximal emission while the weight ratio of L-cys to QDs equaled 1.4:0.5, and it was 4.5 times as strong as ZnS sample. The result of the First-principles calculations indicated that L-cys shell layer is beneficial to prolong the lifetime of photon-generated carriers at surface location, which should lead to a reduction in the nonradiative recombination on the surface, and then the PL intensity will be enhanced. This work helps to investigate the surface modification of QDs modified by other organic compounds.
Multiple granularities switching in intra-data center interconnect
Authors: Kong Qian , Zhang Chongfu , Yi Zichuan , Yu Miao , Zhou Limengnan , Chen Youxian , Miao Yu
Published: March 2021

We propose a DCN interconnect based on hybrid OCS and OBS for dynamic DCN connectivity provisioning. Numerical results show that the proposed interconnect has preferable performance in dealing with various traffic granularity.
Designing application of food safety standard implementation for street vendors in Indonesia in the context of anticipating COVID-19
Authors: Aurachman R
Published: March 2021

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, Indonesians were hesitant to consume food and drinks sold by street vendors. This raises risks to economic conditions. An information system is needed that can facilitate street vendors to implement food safety standards. The system must also inform consumers who are street vendors who have implemented food safety standards. After doing research, the initial data flow diagram design of the information system to be designed has been obtained.
Performance evaluation of acceleration and jerk in unstable walking detection
Authors: Nurwulan N R , Selamaj G
Published: March 2021

Accelerometers have been widely used for human activity recognition as an early prediction of fall risk. However, acceleration data do not consider the force of gravity. Recent studies found that jerk, the derivative of acceleration, can describe the changes of body accelerations without considering the sensor orientation. This might overcome the issues caused by the displacement of the sensor, especially if a smartphone-based accelerometer is used as the sensor. This study aimed to compare the performance of acceleration and jerk in detecting postural stability using the postural stability index (PSI). Slightly different daily activity living such as walking on a flat surface, walking upstairs, and walking downstairs were chosen to compare the sensitiveness of acceleration and jerk in detecting the slight postural sway in healthy subjects. The collected data were pre-processed using the 8-modes of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Then, the multiscale entropy (MSE) of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) was calculated, and in the end, the PSI values were obtained. The paired t-test calculation using acceleration data showed that walking on a flat surface and walking downstairs are significantly different (p = 0.039). Whereas, the jerk dataset could not distinguish walking on a flat surface and walking downstairs (p = 0.228). From this result, it is evident that acceleration is better in recognizing human activities than jerk.
Comparative study of internal force in lecture buildings in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta between SNI 1726-2012 and 1726-2019 with the spectrum response method (2D)
Authors: Arifah S , Jaya D J , Widodo S
Published: March 2021

An earthquake is a sudden movement of the ground that comes from a wave in a place and spreads in all directions. In 2019 the Government of Indonesia has ratified a new standard on procedures for earthquake resistance planning for building and non-building structures, namely SNI 1726: 2019 as a revision of SNI 1726: 2012. The adoption of SNI 1726-2019 as a new standard has changed the scope of the procedure for calculating earthquakes to become wider so that it can follow the current developments. Earthquake loads on buildings were analyzed using dynamic response spectrum analysis. This study aims to compare the results of the calculation using the response spectrum using SNI 1726-2012 and SNI 1726-2019 in order to determine the safety of building that still use the old rules. The building structure is modeled on a lecture building with a height of 14,10 m in the Province of D.I Yogyakarta. The results of the research prove that the structure of the lecture building which still uses the old method must be rehabilitated so that it is able to withstand earthquake loads based on the new SNI 1726-2019 method. This occurs due to the discovery of new faults in Indonesia.
Classification of medicine characteristic using Super Vector Machine (SVM) at Palopo regional public Hospital Sawerigading
Authors: Nirsal N , Paembonan S , Yasir F N , Djusmin V B
Published: March 2021

One of the implementation of machine learning in medical world is to analyze medical dataset. Medical dataset used in this research was by using medicine dataset. Support Vector Machine Method is classification method of supervised learning, its algorithm works by using nonlinear mapping to change the data of real training into higher dimension. Selection of SVM Method is as solution to classify the characteristics of medicine. This method has function to make some similar medicines to be a group of certain data. The aim of this research was to obtain classification model which has high accuracy or small error in conducting classification of medicine data. Based on testing conducted, medicine classification using SVM produced accuracy=0,87.
Interface design of prediction in selecting concentration at informatics engineering studies program using trend moment
Authors: Rusmala  , Susilawati F
Published: March 2021

Informatics Engineering Study Program applies curriculum which obligates the students of semester 4 to choose a concentration based on their interest. The head of Informatics Engineering Study Program is sometimes rather difficult to provide class for students because the class provided is usually less or more. The problem faced by the study program about class and lecturer is related to the students who have difficulty to determine concentration which will be chosen. This research aimed at designing interface of prediction in selecting concentration at Informatics Engineering Study Program by using trend moment. The method used consisted of data collection (literature study, interview), decision taking method of trend moment. System developing method used was by following the framework of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), where one of the framework of SDLC is waterfall method (system planning, analysis, design and implementation). Many previous researches used title about designing structure and implementation of selecting concentration by using different methods. But in this research, the researcher proposed the title of which result merely focused till step of Interface design using Trend Moment.
The new framework of employability skills for digital business
Authors: Suarta I M , Suwintana I K
Published: March 2021

The fourth industrial revolution changes the order of business model from conventional to digital business. The general purpose of this study is to formulate a new framework for the employability skills needed by students for jobs in the digital business era. This research was conducted by analysing the contents of scholarly articles and policy documents relevant to the employability skills issue. Digital business world of work required a combination of digital and employability skills. A new framework of employability skills was proposed, included digital generic skills and personal attributes. Digital communication skills, digital teamwork skills, digital problem solving skills, creativity and innovation skills, self-management skills, and digital learning skills are part of digital generic skills. Personal attributes included honesty and integrity, work carefully and accurately, self-confidence and ability to work independently, have a pleasant personality, broad-minded and adaptability, and strong work ethics.
Study of emission quantification in catamaran fishing vessels based on fossil energy
Authors: Santosa P I , Pranatal E
Published: March 2021

In general, the operation of a fishing vessels is always associated with economic and environmental issues. Consumption of fossil energy consumption is still quite large, especially the use of fuel to drive vessel engines. The use of fuel for motorized vessels aside from being neither economical nor environmentally friendly. Technical analyzes is done by testing the vessel model then the results are developed with naval theories. This paper describes the cost benefits of using fuel on fishing vessels and is expected to provide a portrait of those who are interested so that can help them in making decisions.
An analytical model for precision milling of screw rotor using a disk-like form-milling cutter with multiple inserts
Authors: Arifin A , Wu Yu-Ren
Published: March 2021

In screw rotors manufacturing, milling machining can be conducted by using a disk-like form-milling cutter. Design method of a disk-like form-milling cutter with multiple inserts applied on screw rotors machining for twin-screw compressors were presented in this study. An analytical calculation procedure of insert arrangement on the cutter body profile was constructed. Subsequently, the screw rotor cutting simulation was performed by considering the actual cutting conditions based on a horizontal CNC milling machine’s established coordinate system. Finally, the simulated rotor profile could be obtained and the normal deviation was evaluated.
Developing E-module based on mobile learning as a preparation media
Authors: Sirwan  , Kamal  , Nurkhamid
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to: (1) Developing an electronic module based on mobile learning; (2) Describe the validity of mobile learning application as an alternative media competency exam preparation (UKK); (3) Determine students’ response to the application of mobile learning. This software development process uses the Borg and Gall. Subject trial involving two media experts, one subject matter expert and students on vocational education. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire product validation. Data collection was carried out from February 2020 to March 2020 at SMKN 3 Sorong, West Papua. The Results showed (1) E-module based mobile learning was obtained that could be used by student in preparation for UKK; (2) The Functionality test of the media expert obtained a percentage score of 80,55%, and the material expert obtained a score of 95% which indicated the e-module was feasible to use; (3) Testing by student obtains a score of 90% which shows that e-module based on mobile learning are effectively used by students.
Vocational students’ perception and readiness in facing globalization, industry revolution 4.0 and society 5.0
Authors: Ali M
Published: March 2021

Globalization is marked by the enactment of cooperation agreements between countries such as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA), World Trade Organization (WTO), and other agreements. Globalization has resulted in the opening of goods, capital, investment, and labor between countries in the world. Higher education has a strategic role in preparing professional human resources to compete with workers from world countries. This article examines and analyzes Indonesian students’ readiness to face globalization, the industrial revolution 4.0, and society 5.0. The questionnaire was distributed to students from six departments at the Yogyakarta State University’s Faculty of Engineering to investigate this. Student readiness indicators include competency readiness (knowledge, skills, and attitudes), personal Readiness (self-confidence and mental), communication readiness, teamwork readiness, and technological Readiness. The results showed students’ readiness in facing globalization, the industrial revolution 4.0, and society 5.0 were in the Good category with an average score of 2.86 (71.5%). In detail, it can be explained, student readiness in the competency aspect gets a score of 2.86 (71.5%), personal readiness with an average score of 2.65 (65.5%), communication readiness has a score of 2.6 (65%), readiness teamwork with a score of 3.18 (79.5) and technology readiness with a score of 3.04 (76%).
Substitute corn sorghum on casorja cake
Authors: Sakti A K B , Rinawati W
Published: March 2021

The finished project is aimed for: 1) finding recipe for products Casorja, 2) to know the responses for Casorja, 3) to know the nutrient content for product Casorja. This type of research that is used in the manufacture of product, the R&D (Research and development) with model of development 4d. Define is stage determining the receipt reference, design is product development, develope is step of product validation, disseminate is step to product implementation have been through stage validation and show off that in the exhibition. Time and place of the research at the Technical faculty of Yogyakarta state of university Laboratory have done in January 2019 to May 2019. The testing of sample each product reference and development, meanwhile tool of tester experiment power plan, power plan validation I and II, power plan test sensory panelists, and power plan test favorite when the exhibition with technical analysis of data descriptive cuantitative. The results obtained from this study are: 1) cake products with mosaic technic, with substitution of Sorgum flour as much as 50%, 2) the community’s acceptance of the Casorja products with a very preferred category with an overall value of 3.53 indicates that the product is acceptable to the community, 3) nutrient content of product Casorja is high fiber of 4g and high protein of 3,5g.
Development of semoer jengki kamaboko from skipjack tuna fish for entrepreneurial products
Authors: Pinto N , Anggraeni A A
Published: March 2021

Entrepreneurs in the culinary field are becoming popular recently. Culinary products need to be developed with the right methods so that the public prefers them. This study aimed to find the recipe for semoer jengki kamaboko and determine these product’s preference levels. This study used the Research and Development method with 4D procedures, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The control was semur jengkol from jengkol. The product was semoer jengki made from kamaboko. Kamaboko was made from 100% skipjack tuna fish fillets, egg whites, and cornstarch. Kamaboko was molded to resemble jengkol and then stewed. The semoer jengki kamaboko was then served with uduk rice, dried tempeh, fried rice noodle, sliced omelet, and cucumber. The product was evaluated by sensory analysis by trained and semi-trained panelists. Thirty untrained panelists performed the 1-5 scale hedonic test. The data were then analyzed qualitatively and descriptively quantitatively. The hedonic test results showed that the semur jengkol’s average preference was 3.7, and the semoer jengki kamaboko was 4.4. The t-test for color, odor, taste, and overall parameters showed that semur jengkol and semoer jengki Kamaboko were not significantly different. However, the semoer jengki kamaboko texture was preferred to the semur jengkol. This data showed that the semoer jengki kamaboko product was acceptable.
Thermal and Sound Absorption Properties of Porous Epoxy Resin Modified by Organic Silicon
Authors: Gou Xiaobin , Peng Longgui , Wu Siyuan , Du Lifei , He Qirui , Zhao Pu
Published: March 2021

The organic silicon modified epoxy resin is prepared by the dehydration reaction between diphenyl silicon diol and the hydroxyl group on the epoxy resin, and the foamed material is prepared by the mass ratio NaHCO3:H:OBSH=5:5:3 composite foaming agent. The foams was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric (TG) and standard wave tube method. The results indicate that: The heat resistance of the cured resin of modified resin is better than that of cured epoxy resin, and the sound absorption coefficient of the sample with opening rate of about 54.4% can reach more than 0.8 for high frequency sound waves (>1000 Hz).
Conductive Vanadium Oxynitride Nanoparticle Anchored Carbon Composite as a New Anode for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Wang Bin , Chen Yuanfu
Published: March 2021

Vanadium oxynitride/vanadium trioxide nanoparticle anchored on carbon (VN0.95O0.07/V2O3@C) was prepared by one step of the annealed mixture of NH4VO3 and dicyandiamide in the inert gas. As a new type of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, VN0.95O0.07/V2O3@C displays a higher specific capacity, excellent cyclic ability and rate capability. VN0.95O0.07/V2O3@C anode presents charge capacity of 800.8 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. Even at high current rate of 1.5 A g−1, VN0.95O0.07/V2O3@C anode electrode shows high initial charge capacity of 379.4 mAh g−1 and the reversible specific capacity of 392.1 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles. The results demonstrate that VN0.95O0.07/V2O3@C based materials will be a promising candidate of anode material for LIBs after further majorization of synthesis and components. This work provides a favorable way to develop high energy and stable electrode materials for Li-ion battery.
Simulating the Safety of Power Transmission Tower Subjected to Strong Wind Loading
Authors: Bai Jinwei
Published: March 2021

In recent years, with the increase of transmission line height and span, the risks accompanied by transmission towers are significantly increased during the usage of transmission tower. Most of collapsing accidents are caused by strong wind. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the safety of transmission tower. Transmission tower system is a tall building, which is sensitive to the tilt deformation. In order to analyze the mechanical response of transmission tower under strong wind loading, in this paper, the commercial ABAQUS software was employed to create a three-dimensional space model of transmission tower. Firstly, the wind force at different heights of the tower was calculated, and then the wind forces were imposed on each node. By means of finite element method, the deformation of the tower under the strong wind loading was simulated, and its stability was analyzed. Based on the simulated results, the stress field of transmission tower was obtained under strong wind loading. The maximum stress in transmission tower is 189.6 MPa, which is less than the yield strength of steel. The designed transmission power can bear the strong wind of level 10.
Effect of Welding Shielding Gas Composition on the Properties of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Joint of High Nitrogen Stainless
Authors: Bai Di , Liu Fengde , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the microscopic properties and corrosion behavior of laser-arc hybrid welding joint of high nitrogen steel were studied. The electrochemical characterization of the surface layer of the welded joint under different welding shielding gas composition was obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization curve. The micro-corrosion morphology of different areas in the welded joint was analyzed by SEM, and the hardness distribution of the welded joint was measured by MH series digital hardness tester. The experimental results show that the addition of 5% CO2 in shielding gas can improve the corrosion resistance properly, while the addition of 5% N2 can effectively improve its passivation ability and surface hardness. The weld joint with N2 in the shielding gas own a better transition behavior of the overall hardness distribution.
Study on Changes in Spatial Self-Phase Modulation Pattern of Graphene Dispersion
Authors: Ma Lingyue
Published: March 2021

Changes in spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) patterns have been studied when a laser beam passes through graphene dispersions and graphene dispersed gel. Interference rings are formed due to spatial self-phase modulation, which is induced by the change of the intensity dependent refractive index of graphene dispersions. The interference pattern of SSPM is found to be distorted rapidly for the graphene dispersions, while no distortion for the graphene dispersed gel. Experimental results show that thermal convection effect plays a dominant role for the distortion of the SSPM pattern. The distorted extent and area of the SSPM pattern depend on the speed and direction of convection in the graphene dispersions. Theoretical analyses have been given for the reason of the SSPM pattern distortion. Convection can effectively change the spatial symmetry distribution of polarized graphene sheets and non-linear refractive index in the beam cross section, thus making the interference rings distortion based on the spatial self - phase modulation.
Influence of Fe Films in the Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Li Hui
Published: March 2021

The metal catalyst plays an important role in the preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this work, we prepared Fe film catalyst layer by electron beam evaporation method, and studied its influence in the growth process of CNTs by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method via adjusting the thickness of layer, annealing temperature and annealing time. The obtained results demonstrate that the thickness, annealing temperature and annealing time of catalyst layer play significant role in the growth of CNTs. Under the same growth condition, the longest CNTs (about 234μm) can be obtained when the 2nm thick Fe catalyst layer was annealed at 700°C for 10min. These results provide a certain research basis for the related application filed of CNTs.
Review on Seismic Behavior of Precast Bridge Column with Socket Connections
Authors: He Zhenyu , Zhong Tieyi , Fu Guangzhi , Li Hao , Wang Wei
Published: March 2021

Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) technology has been widely used due to its many advantages. However, the lack of well-developed and engineering proven connection details have limited the use of prefabricated substructures in seismic zones. The socket connection is one of many different ways of connecting precast substructure, which is characterized by convenient transportation and simple construction. This paper introduces the socket connections of precast bridge columns and reviews it from those aspects including theoretical research, experimental research and research on the application of advanced materials. The socket connection belongs to the emulative monolithic connections, which has good strength and ductility. But there exists a disadvantage of large residual displacement after the earthquake for socket connection. At present, there are many researches on the design of socket connection, but there are few studies on the repair of piers after the earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to study a quick and economic repair method in the future to exert the functionality of bridge structures following earthquake event.
Analysis of the Air Pollution Index and Meteorological Factors and Risk Assessment for Tibet
Authors: Deqing Zhuoga , Tang Shuyi , Ci Ren , Qiong Da
Published: March 2021

An analysis and statistical evaluation of the environmental air quality, meteorological conditions, and human health effects were carried out for major cities and towns in Tibet. The study selected PM10, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, O3, and CO atmospheric pollutant monitoring data, a pollutant index, and the air quality index for seven cities and towns in Tibet in the year 2017 and for the Lhasa urban area in the period from June 2000 to December 2017. The data were combined with meteorological elements, namely precipitation, temperature, wind, and total solar radiation, for the same period. Results show that the air quality index is highest in Nag Qu, among of the seven cities and towns, followed by Shigatse, which roughly reflects the characteristics of pollution emissions dominated by biomass fuels in agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet, a lack of vegetation, strong winds and less rain, and increased particle concentration. These factors affects human health. The six pollutants had higher concentrations in the winter half of the year (November to April) and lower concentrations in the summer half of the year (May to October); i.e., the concentration of pollutants was 38% higher in the winter half of the year. The change trend of the six pollutants has changed over the years; the concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 have increased, the concentration of PM10 has decreased, and the concentrations of O3 and SO2 have not changed appreciably. According to national air quality standards, the percentage number of days with excellent air quality was 22.7%, the percentage number of days with good air quality was 62.7%, the percentage number of days with light pollution was 11.3%, and the percentage number of days with moderate or heavy pollution was 0.6%. Meteorological factors such as precipitation, wind speed, visibility, and total solar radiation affect air pollution.
Improvement of Saline-Alkaline Soil via Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Safety Analysis of the Associated Heavy Metals
Authors: Fu Yanrong , He Kun , Zhou Chunliang , Mao Yumei
Published: March 2021

Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) is an effective soil amendment. However, some heavy metals present in FGDG may enter soil or groundwater due to surface rainfall, causing environmental risks. This study used a washing plant to investigate the improvement of saline-alkaline soil via treatment with different mass ratios of FGDG and analyzed the effects of FGDG treatment on the soil physicochemical properties, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals at different soil depths, and the changes in the heavy metal contents of the leachate to explore the migration characteristics of heavy metals and their influence on the groundwater environment. The results showed that an appropriate amount of FGDG could effectively improve the properties of saline-alkaline soil. For example, the soil bulk density decreased significantly, the porosity increased, and the infiltration rate increased by up to 3.42-fold with the addition of FGDG. The contents of exchangeable sodium (EX-Na+) in the soil layers analyzed (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm) decreased by 26.4-40.4%, 16.4-34.4%, and 18.9-40.3%, respectively. After treatment with 6% FGDG, the alkalinity of the soil layers decreased by 67.7%, 61.6%, and 58.2%, respectively, and the pH was close to 7.30. The mass fraction of As in the soil first increased and then decreased with increasing amounts of FGDG, decreasing to the minimum under the treatment with 6% FGDG. The mass fraction of Hg in the soil was positively correlated with the amount of FGDG, while the mass fractions of other heavy metals in the soil layers decreased with increasing amounts of FGDG. The mass fraction of Hg in the leachate was also positively correlated with the amount of F GDG, and the increase in the mass fraction ranged from 0.6 to 30.2% under different treatments. The mass fractions of other heavy metals in the leachate reached the minimum value with the maximum amount of FGDG. The heavy metal contents in the soil conformed to the category 2 limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995), and the heavy metal contents in the leachate were far lower than the category 3 limits of the Standard for Groundwater Quality (GB14848-2017), indicating that the use of FGDG to treat soil does not pollute groundwater. The results expand the understanding of the safety of FGDG (in terms of the contained heavy metals) for improving saline-alkali soil and provide a reference for further environmental risk assessments when recycling FGDG.
Research on High Precision Angle Measurement and Compensation Technology Based on Circular Grating
Authors: Gao Minghao , Wang Lu , Zhao Fenghao
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the angle measurement method of high-precision circular grating is studied. The principle analysis of circular grating angle measurement, the principle analysis of multi reading head, and the design of rotary servo control system are carried out. After analyzing the error model of circular grating angle measurement, the research based on harmonic compensation model is carried out respectively. Aiming at the problem of zero crossing oscillation of compensation algorithm, the piecewise compensation strategy is designed, which fully demonstrates the application value of circular grating angle measurement method in high-precision angle measurement system.
An empirical analysis of the environmental performance of China’s overseas coal plants
Authors: Springer Cecilia Han , Evans Samuel , Teng Fei
Published: March 2021

China’s ongoing commitment to overseas infrastructure investment through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has ignited concern over environmental impacts. The BRI’s environmental impacts will be determined by China’s decisions not only on what kinds of projects to fund, but also how those projects end up operating relative to projects without Chinese involvement. It is critical to understand current performance and establish a baseline understanding of the environmental impacts of China’s overseas projects thus far. We examine the environmental performance of coal-fired power plants in Asia in terms of carbon dioxide emissions intensity. Using generating unit-level data and a regression-based analysis, we estimate the comparative emissions intensity of overseas coal plants owned, designed, or constructed, by Chinese and non-Chinese companies. We find that Chinese coal plants tend to have significantly lower emissions intensity than similar non-Chinese coal plants. Given that total emissions rather than relative emissions intensity primarily drive the global warming impact of a plant, we also estimate total annual emissions and committed lifetime emissions of the plants in our dataset. We find that while Chinese plants may have relatively lower emissions intensity, their total emissions will grow as a proportion of the coal plant emissions in Asia over time.
Unprecedented drought in South India and recent water scarcity
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Jain Sahil , Aadhar Saran
Published: March 2021

Peninsular Indian agriculture and drinking water availability are critically reliant on seasonal winter rainfall occurring from October to December, associated with the northeastern monsoon (NEM). Over 2016–2018, moderate-to-exceptionally low NEM rainfall gave rise to severe drought conditions over much of southern India and exacerbated water scarcity. The magnitude and dynamics of this drought remain unexplored. Here, we quantify the severity of this event and explore causal mechanisms of drought conditions over South India. Our findings indicate that the 3-year cumulative rainfall totals of NEM rainfall during this event faced a deficit of more than 40%—the driest 3-year period in ∼150 years according to the observational record. We demonstrate that drought conditions linked to the NEM across South India are associated with cool phases in the equatorial Indian and Pacific Oceans. Future changes in these teleconnections will add to the challenges of drought prediction.
Genetic analysis of the homogeneity of soybean varieties by microsatellite loci
Authors: Ramazanova S A , Savichenko V G , Guchetl S Z
Published: March 2021

Soybean is the main protein and oil crop in the world. The production of soybeans is increasing every year. The special attention is given to the breeding and seed production of this crop due to its high economic importance. Currently, the morphological characteristics are used to characterize new varieties, applied for a patent. The analysis of polymorphism of the lengths of microsatellite loci (SSR) allows both to identify genotypes exactly and to evaluate genetic homogeneity within a variety. Soybean is a self-pollinating plant species; cross-pollination is extremely rare. The study of the genetic homogeneity of modern varieties of cultivated soybean showed the presence of genetic variability in five of the twenty studied varieties. We observed the heterogeneity of the varieties from one to four DNA SSR loci. We found the maximum level of intravarietal polymorphism in the variety Vilana beta – 46 % by the Soypr1 locus.
Influence of investments and subsidies on the efficiency of agriculture in Russia during the implementation of state programs
Authors: Demichev V V , Maslakova V V
Published: March 2021

The article estimates the dynamics of the real volume of investments and subsidies during the implementation of the national project and state programs of agricultural development in 2008-2012 and 2013-2020. In the regional context, a sharp differentiation in the volume of subsidies is revealed. The dynamics of resource potential and efficiency of agriculture in 2006-2018 was evaluated, confirming the reduction of resource potential in most Russian regions, including arable area, livestock, supply of agricultural machinery, labor resources. Based on the use of panel data, the influence of investments and subsidies on key indicators of agricultural efficiency is determined, as well as the influence of other statistically reliable factors, such as the plowing ratio of agricultural land, available power, application of mineral fertilizers and fodder costs, climate productivity utilization coefficient.
Multi-purpose sowing machine for agricultural crops using various technologies
Authors: Rakhimov R S , Rakhimov I R , Fetisov E O , Khamitov Ya Yu , Dymshakov F I
Published: March 2021

The variety of soil and climatic conditions, field topography, precipitation, soil type and vegetation cover of various zones of Russia indicates the need to choose the technology and complex of machines for cultivating crops in accordance with the conditions of the farming zone. At the same time, one of the main factors for obtaining high yields of high-quality grain is the method of cultivated crops sowing and the type of coulter used. Depending on the sown area of the farm, the sowing of various crops seeds is carried out by tractors of the 1,4-8 traction class, which requires the development of sowing machines with different capture widths, row spacing and depth of seed embedding in the soil. In this regard, there is a need to develop a design scheme and substantiate the parameters of the sowing machine and its nodes, made of the same type of modules with different working widths, made up into a sectional frame and equipped with a universal sowing section with replaceable anchor, disk, keel, T-shaped and spear coulters for sowing crops cultivated using various technologies. At the same time, the sowing machine should have a low metal consumption, minimal traction resistance and maximum productivity, meeting the agrotechnical requirements for various crops sowing.
Using the principal component analysis to assess some properties of agro-gray soil and bonitet
Authors: Ruchkina A , Ushakov R , Zaharova O
Published: March 2021

To understand all the structural complexity of soil fertility, one can use the principal component analysis of factor analysis. Factor analysis, with all its shortcomings to identify structural relationships between variables, can be used to understand the complexity of soil fertility, by some assumptions. It can be estimated through bonitet. The work was carried out on the basis of materials from an agrochemical survey of agro-gray soils. Exchangeable acidity, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, humus, the sum of exchangeable bases and bonitet calculated in accordance with them were analyzed. The sample number was 68. Group 0 included bonitet with values less than 90 units and group 1 had bonitet with values more than 90 units. It was found that the contribution of exchangeable acidity and phosphorus to the first main component, which accounted for about 39% of the total dispersion, was maximum and equal to 0.7 and 0.84 units, respectively. Humus and potassium were positively associated with the second component (29% of dispersion) and their contribution was 0.7 and 0.81 units, respectively.
Prospects of phaseolin application as a molecular marker in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding
Authors: Plotnikov K , Ryabinina V , Pashkovsky S , Kolupaev D , Yakubenko O
Published: March 2021

During the study, the phaseolin types in 24 bean varieties from the Novosibirsk SAU collection were determined: 20 varieties are of T-type, 2 varieties - S-type. Two varieties showed a type of phaseolin previously undetermined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It was conditionally designated as N-type by us. Statistical analysis of the relationship of phaseolin type with economic and valuable traits showed a reliable relationship with the mass of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds from the plant. A number of other traits showed evidence of differences uncertainty between phaseolin types. Further research with a large number of varieties is therefore required. In the early stages of the breeding process, however, the phaseolin type can be used in the selection of forms with valuable breeding traits.
Geoinformational technologies in the problem of assessing the pesticides’ impact on the arid zones soils’ condition
Authors: Kosarev A V , Komleva N E , Dolich V N , Ivanov D E
Published: March 2021

The work is devoted to establishing the influence of aridity on the risk of negative soil changes caused by residual pesticides presence in spring and autumn. Using the Earth’s remote sensing method, it is shown that the NDMI index is decreasing and aridity is increasing in the following direction: Lipetsk Oblast- Kursk Oblast - Voronezh Oblast-Belgorod Oblast-Ulyanovsk Oblast -Samara Oblast -Saratov Oblast - Penza Oblast -Orenburg Oblast --Stavropol Krai-Karachay-Cherkessia. Correspondence was established between the increase in region’s aridity and the increase in the risk increment value for the period from spring to autumn due to the presence of residual pesticide content in the soil. This circumstance can be associated with pesticides accumulation in the soil cover, an increase in their consumption and a decrease in destruction in conditions of arid climate. DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane cause the highest risk increment due to soil accumulation, trifluraline is more subjected to conversion in the soil, has less effect on risk change of soil agroecological condition.
The fodder shrub – Halothamnus subaphyllus (C.A. Mey.) Botsch.: reproductive biology and seed productivity in the culture
Authors: Shamsutdinova E , Shamsutdinov Z
Published: March 2021

Halothamnus subaphyllus (C.A. Mey.) Botsch. – is a wild shrub, a potential fodder plant for introduction to culture in arid regions of Russia. This plant is well eaten by sheep, goats, horses, and camels. In bud stage, it contains 24.7% of protein, 2.7% of fat, 36.9% of nitrogen-free extractive substances, and 18.2% of fiber. Ecologically it is a haloxerophyte. Halothamnus subaphyllus is resistant to drought and tolerant to soil salinization. In introducing a new fodder plant into the culture, it is very essential to know the possibilities of its accelerated reproduction. Thus, we studied the reproductive biology and seed productivity of this plant in arid conditions. The initial blossom of Halothamnus subaphyllus is late May-mid-June. Halothamnus subaphyllus is a self-fertile plant. In the first year of life, this plant generates an average of 15.5 g of seeds per shrub. In the second and third years, seed productivity grows and reaches an average of 236.1 g per shrub, with 1 ha of 300-350 kg of seeds. Net reproduction of Halothamnus subaphyllus is 30-35. It means that the obtained seeds can be sown on 30-35 hectares of planted acreage.
Cheese bioconservation technologies using listeriosis phage during the stages of cheese head ripening
Authors: Lazko Marina , Aleshkin rey , Zulkarneev Eldar , Rubalsky Maxim
Published: March 2021

The analysis of bacteriophages usage in cheese production to reduce food listeriosis risk was performed. Products based on listeriosis bacteriophages are recommended in the United States and Western Europe for cheese processing. An increase in the activity of domestic cheese producers causes the relevance of phage-containing compositions use on the basis of listeriosis bacteriophages, as well as the development and testing of the technology of cheese bioconservation at the stage of cheese head ripening using a phage-containing composition. Technologies of cheese bioconservation at the stages of cheese head ripening using a phage-containing composition have been designed and tested.
The problem of land use in conditions of food security provision
Authors: Rogatnev Yu M , Veselova M N
Published: March 2021

As a result of the land reform, a new land system was formed, which gave rise to new phenomena in the land use system in the conditions of the market economy. The most important new problems of modern land use include the elimination of significant arable land areas from agricultural circulation. The paper proposes a comprehensive consideration of the possible involvement of these unused lands. It is based on taking into account natural and assessing the suitability of arable land usage in certain natural climatic conditions. The market economy requires arable land to ensure the efficiency of crop production. Actually usable land resources can provide sustainable or unsustainable efficiency. Sustainable inefficiency indicates the unsuitability of individual arable sites for efficient crop production. The natural and economic land potential can be used sufficiently effectively only if there are sufficient conditions to ensure production by labor, technical means, basic means of production, financial resources. Involvement of unused land is solved only as a complex problem. This is the correct and balanced approach and implementation of State programs in the field of land use that ensures food security.