bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Andersen Tore Rye , Gjerlevsen Simona Zetterberg , Linkis Sara Tanderup , Mygind Sarah
Published: October 2021

Moderne mediekultur er i vid udstrækning serialiseret kultur. Serialisering – udgivelsen af fortællinger i mindre bidder – forbindes ofte med Viktoriatidens føljetonkultur eller med det 20. århundredes populærkultur, men i de seneste årtier er serieformatet blevet mere udbredt end nogensinde før. En stor andel af tidens fremherskende kulturprodukter, fra J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter-bøger, Karl Ove Knausgårds erindringsværk Min Kamp og Elena Ferrantes Napoli-romaner, over blockbusterfilm som Star Wars og kritikerroste tv-serier som Breaking Bad, til serielle computerspil og tegneserier samt nye digitalt distribuerede fænomener som podcastserien Serial og den norske web-serie Skam, trækker alle på forskellig vis på det serielle format.

I det aktuelle udgivelseslandskab er serialisering dermed så udbredt, at den på det nærmeste bliver usynlig, men med dette temanummer af Passage kaster vi nyt lys over fænomenet. Vi undersøger serialisering som en kulturel praksis, der bevæger sig på tværs af genrer, medier og historiske perioder, og som udvikler sig i et hidtil underbelyst krydsfelt mellem økonomiske, mediemæssige og kunstneriske hensyn.
Fabelvejen mod nord
Authors: Auklend Morten
Published: October 2021

Merethe Lindstrøm’s novel Nord [North] (2017) deals with end time-themes. The novel formally departs from mainstream science fiction and apocalyptic fiction by providing flashes of the past and the present in concentrated lyrical images that are repeated throughout the novel. Through poetic rituals and ceremonies, and in metaphorical patterns of personification wherein a devastated nature comes ‘alive’, a world is reborn rhetorically and the reader is forced to ponder the abilities and qualities embedded in an overwhelmingly poetical language. By focusing on the demarcation of literal and figurative language and the transcendence of poetic images of nature, the novel becomes a contemplation of individuals coping with questions concerning identity and remembrance in an inhuman world. The article demonstrates how devices and perspectives provided by science fiction can provide strong thought for hard times.
Læserengagerende referencer
Authors: Mogensen Tine Engel
Published: October 2021

Anmeldelse af:Rikke Andersen Kraglund: Kjærstad. Referencer i et forfatterskab. Aarhus: Aarhus Univer- sitetsforlag 2018, 340 sider.
Enquete: Hvad vil vi huske 2010’ernes danske litteratur for?
Authors: Friis Elisabeth , Bukdahl Lars , Svendsen Erik , Kjerkegaard Stefan , Skiveren Tobias , Andersen Nexø Tue , Mønster Louise , Handesten Lars , Mai Anne-Marie
Published: October 2021

Vi har bedt en række danske litterater om at give deres bud på, hvilke forfatterskaber, litterære strømninger eller litteraturvidenskabelige tendenser, de opfatter som mest betydningsfulde i 2010’ernes litterære felt. Og vi har givet dem strikse instrukser om at gøre det kort, dvs. på én normalside. Svarene er samlet i denne enquete, som byder på en bredspektret overflyvning af det sidste årtis danske litteratur og litteraturvidenskab.
Contributions et défis de l’utilisation des technopédagogies à des fins de soutien à l’appropriation des meilleures pratiques en santé mentale
Authors: Briand Catherine , Routhier Danielle , Chassé Brigitte
Published: October 2021

Contexte Malgré les ressources considérables consacrées et les efforts des nombreux acteurs concernés, l’écart entre la production de connaissances scientifiques et leur utilisation dans la pratique demeure un défi. L’utilisation des technologies de l’information et des communications (TICs) constitue un outil précieux pour réduire cet écart. Afin de relever ce défi, un projet de démonstration misant sur l’utilisation des technologies à des fins d’application des connaissances a été déployé auprès de 23 équipes de soutien dans la communauté de 5 régions du Québec (2016-2018). Plus de 324 professionnels de la santé mentale, chefs d’équipe et gestionnaires ont bénéficié de l’initiative À portée de main, les meilleures pratiques axées vers le rétablissement.

Objectif Cet article présente les résultats de l’étude de satisfaction effectuée auprès des chefs d’équipe responsables du soutien clinique dans les équipes de soutien dans la communauté à l’étude. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à enrichir la compréhension d’enjeux colligés en cours d’implantation et d’émettre des recommandations en vue d’une mise à l’échelle pérenne du programme d’application des connaissances mis en oeuvre.

Méthode Un devis qualitatif en recherche évaluative a été privilégié. Au terme du processus d’implantation du programme, 2 entrevues de groupe ont été effectuées avec les chefs d’équipe. Une analyse de contenu suivant une approche inductive à 3 niveaux de codification a été réalisée.

Résultats Les résultats montrent un décalage numérique important au sein du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux québécois comparativement à d’autres secteurs d’activités. Les participants soulignent l’importance de se doter de mécanismes d’échange et de transfert des connaissances intégrés aux pratiques organisationnelles (temps dédié, supervision clinique formelle, etc.) mettant à contribution les TICs.

Conclusion Malgré une importante mise à niveau technologique requise, les résultats confirment la pertinence d’utiliser les technopédagogies comme principal moyen pour soutenir l’application des connaissances et la transformation des pratiques. Les outils conçus et les modalités de soutien explorés semblent faciliter l’accès aux meilleures pratiques en santé mentale et favoriser leur adoption.
L’amélioration de la qualité de vie chez les patients atteints d’une schizophrénie réfractaire ayant suivi la Thérapie assistée par la Réalité Virtuelle : une analyse de contenu
Authors: Dellazizzo Laura , Potvin Stéphane , Phraxayavong Kingsada , Giguère Sabrina , Hamidi Lyna-Nour , Dumais Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Objectifs La schizophrénie, en particulier la schizophrénie résistante aux traitements (SRT), est considérée comme l’un des troubles psychiatriques les plus invalidants en termes d’effets indésirables sur la qualité de vie (QV) des patients. La QV subjective est devenue une cible particulièrement cruciale qui devrait être améliorée avec le traitement, car une QV améliorée peut entraîner le rétablissement chez les patients atteints de schizophrénie. Il existe cependant peu de preuves des effets des interventions psychosociales recommandées sur les mesures non symptomatiques comme la QV. À cet égard, le traitement de la schizophrénie peut être renforcé si, en plus du traitement des symptômes, l’accent thérapeutique est mis sur d’autres sphères importantes pour les patients. Avec les progrès technologiques, la Thérapie assistée par la Réalité Virtuelle (TRV) permet aux entendeurs de voix d’entrer en dialogue direct avec un avatar, animé entièrement par le thérapeute, qui représente leur voix la plus persécutrice. Ceci dans le but de leur permettre d’acquérir un meilleur contrôle sur leurs voix et de travailler sur leur estime de soi. Au-delà de la symptomatologie, les résultats des projets pilotes sur cette thérapie innovante ont montré des résultats significatifs sur la QV.

Méthode Afin de peaufiner les résultats quantitatifs trouvés, cet article a exploré les thèmes émergents d’une analyse de contenu découlant du discours spontané de 10 patients ayant bien répondu à la TRV.

Résultats Quatre thèmes généraux ont émergé : 1) impact de la thérapie sur les voix ; 2) relations interpersonnelles ; 3) bien-être psychologique ; et 4) mode de vie. Cette analyse de contenu a permis d’identifier plusieurs sphères de vie qui sont davantage améliorées chez les patients ayant une SRT à l’aide de la TRV.

Conclusion : La TRV met en évidence l’avenir des approches adaptées aux objectifs des patients qui intègrent plusieurs processus pertinents pour potentiellement améliorer leur QV. La TRV peut avoir des implications potentiellement immenses sur la santé et la qualité de vie des patients. Cette étude fut une première étape vers l’exploration des effets subjectifs de la TRV sur la vie des patients au-delà des symptômes.
+Fièr : une application mobile pour aider les jeunes issus de la communauté LGBTQ+ et leur famille
Authors: Bourdon Olivier , Rossi Mathias , Larocque Ophélie , Jacmin-Park Silke , Pullen Sansfaçon Annie , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Juster Robert-Paul
Published: October 2021

Les personnes LGBTQ+ sont 1,5 à 4 fois plus à risque que les personnes hétérosexuelles de souffrir de troubles de santé mentale (p. ex. dépression, anxiété, comportements suicidaires).

Objectif L’objectif est de décrire le processus de développement d’une application mobile pour les jeunes LGBTQ+ et leur famille. L’article fait partie d’un programme de recherche ayant comme but général de doter les jeunes LGBTQ+ et leur famille d’outils technologiques leur permettant de développer et soutenir des stratégies d’adaptation face à la stigmatisation. En effet, ceux-ci sont confrontés à des stresseurs uniques, à la fois dans la sphère publique (p. ex. victimisation) et personnelle (p. ex. développement identitaire et le processus de coming out).

Méthode Nous adapterons l’application mobile +Fort © développée par l’équipe dirigée par de la docteure Isabelle Ouellet-Morin, conçue pour soutenir les jeunes vivant de l’intimidation à réduire ces expériences, et nous créerons +Fièr/+ Proud, qui fera l’objet d’un codesign et d’une étude pilote auprès de participants LGBTQ+ âgés de 13 à 25 ans.

Retombées À terme, notre espoir est que les jeunes LGBTQ+, à l’échelle nationale et internationale, puissent explorer et développer des stratégies d’adaptation soutenant leur mieux-être, apprendre à l’aide d’outils personnalisés, partager leurs expériences uniques et informer leurs proches des défis auxquels ils font face et se battent en silence.
Agonistička kritika deliberativne i pluralističke demokratije u delu Šantal Muf
Authors: Vasić Kristina
Published: October 2021

Agonizam, koji naglašava značaj konflikta u politici, može se pozicionirati nasuprot klasičnom pluralizmu i deliberativnoj demokratiji, mada postoje pokušaji njegovog izmirenja sa deliberativnim modelom. Cilj ovog rada jeste analiza agonističke političke teorije, koja naglašava agon (nadmetanje, grč.) kao inherentnu karakteristiku politike, koju ne treba iskoreniti ili potiskivati u domen privatnog, već je priznati i tretirati u okvirima liberalne demokratije. Fokus će biti na agonističkom modelu demokratije koji nudi Šantal Muf (Chantal Mouffe), kao jedna od najuticajnijih teoretičarki u ovoj oblasti. U ovom radu ću se usredsrediti na agonističku kritiku dva pomenuta modela demokratije, ispitujući njenu opravdanost, i razmotriti alternativu koju agonizam nudi. Konačno, predstaviću pokušaj integracije deliberativne i agonističke demokratije.
Monika Bielińska (red.), Leksykografia: słownik specjalistyczny. Kraków: Universitas, 2020.
Authors: Bańko Mirosław
Published: October 2021

Recenzja książki
Zoltàn Kövecses, Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Authors: Muskat-Tabakowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

Recenzja książki
Przekład pod patronatem
Authors: Czarnecka Mira Joanna
Published: October 2021

Tematem artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu jaki może wywierać wydawca na sposób i zakres odzwierciedlenia w tekście przekładu elementów trzeciej kultury. Omówione zostaną kolejno: kwestia obcości w przekładzie, zjawisko elementów trzeciej kultury oraz zagadnienie funkcjonowania patronatu w systemie literackim. Badanie będzie miało formę analizy translatologicznej. Za materiał badawczy posłuży opowiadanie „The Room in Le Dragon Volant” ze zbioru "In a Glass Darkly", autorstwa XIX-wiecznego, irlandzkiego pisarza  Sheridana Le Fanu oraz przekład utworu na język polski, „Pokój w gospodzie Le Dragon Volant”, autorki artykułu, pochodzący z tomu "W ciemnym zwierciadle". Omówiony zostanie sposób przekładu wybranych wtrętów francuskojęzycznych, zwrotu adresatywnego i dwóch realogizmów oraz zalecenia redaktora dotyczące sposobu ich transpozycji w języku polskim, jak również wynik uzgodnień pomiędzy redaktorem i tłumaczką oraz wpływ ostatecznego rozwiązania na poziom obcości tekstu docelowego. Artykuł zakończy prezentacja wniosków odnośnie wpływu wydawnictwa na przekład elementów trzeciej kultury i roli jaką tłumacz odgrywa w procesie ich adekwatnego odzwierciedlenia w języku docelowym.
Strategie, podejścia i techniki w tłumaczeniu gry Diablo III
Authors: Nawrocka Ewa Barbara
Published: October 2021

Diablo III to trzecia część słynnego tytułu RPG akcji wydanego przez Blizzard Entertainment. Gra została w pełni zlokalizowana na język polski, wraz z podkładem głosowym, i stanowi przykład wysokiej jakości tłumaczenia. Kategoria mechaniki gry obejmuje różne teksty z wnętrza gry odnoszące się do rozgrywki w przeciwieństwie do świata gry i jej interfejsu. W domenie gier RPG są to teksty takie jak statystyki postaci, klasy, umiejętności, cechy przedmiotów, osiągnięcia oraz wskazówki i samouczki. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę przestudiowania wyzwań związanych z tymi tekstami poprzez zbadanie strategii, podejść i technik zastosowanych w ich tłumaczeniu.
Case Report: Risperidone Induced Peripheral Edema
Authors: Faruki Farzana , Gupta Uma Datta , Anwar Adeel , Desai Saral
Published: October 2021

Risperidone is the first line of treatment for bipolar disorder, atypical depression, and Schizophrenia. We present a 55-year-old male with a history of schizoaffective disorder with bipolar type I presented with aggressive behavior and suicidal ideation. Our patient was treated with low-dose Risperidone; after that, he gradually developed leg pain and edema. His leg pain hampers his ambulation, which is clinically improved after a week of medication discontinuation; however, his leg edema did not resolve completely. In addition, we evaluated our patient's compliance with an empathic verbal interview that shows edema and leg pain hampers his quality of life. We have found that not informing edema as one of the possible side effects increases medication non-compliance in our case. There are several case reports about the side effect of Risperidone (such as leg edema) in combination with other medications, but there is no recommendation about patient counseling of forthcoming leg edema and mobility issues.
Perception of Students and Lecturers on Students Centered Learning (SCL) in the College of Nursing and Midwifery Gombe Northern Nigeria
Authors: Pauline Doka J. S. , Danjin Mela , Manjo Felix Mandoli , M. Moda Haruna
Published: October 2021

Topmost among the 21st century innovations in pedagogy is the introduction of the constructivist approach in which students are afforded wide latitude of involvement in constructing, reconstructing and ascending a scaffold of knowledge based on student centered learning (SCL) approach. This study aimed to assess the perception of SCL introduced as a form of teaching and learning among students and lecturers in the College of Nursing and Midwifery, Gombe State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive cross sectional study design and a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 117 students and 24 lecturers were drawn. Using an adapted SCL questionnaire, data collection was done from November to December, 2020 and was analyzed using SPSS (IBM) version 23 and result presented as means and percentages, while Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA was used to present inferential statistics results. All statistical findings were considered significant at p≥0.05. Cronbach’s alpha reliability score of at least 7.0 was achieved within each set of variables considered. Of the eight SCL components assessed, the most highly rated were role of lecturers (3.99±0.7) and role of students (3.53±0.6) while the least rated were obstacles (2.91±0.9) and learning outcomes (2.95±1.1). Three major obstacles to SCL identified in the study include: “in ability to cover the syllabus using SCL approaches” (3.04±1.4); “lack of infrastructure for SCL in my school” (3.87±1.1) and; “lack of guidelines for the SCL approach in my school” (3.13±1.3). The study findings conclude that, despite the good perception of SCL in the college there are limitations to its full adoption. Therefore, it is recommended that online discussions, training of staff and provision of measures to ensure content coverage using SCL, provision of critical infrastructure and guidelines for SCL be prioritized by the management and other stakeholders.
Subinhibitory Levels of Oxytetracycline in Earthworm Meal Significantly Boost Resistance-Mutation Rates in Bacillus spp. within the Gut of Eisenia fetida
Authors: Saha Tilak , Biswas Avishek , Chakraborty Ranadhir
Published: October 2021

Aims: To estimate changes in the number of oxytetracycline -resistant strains, a dynamic population of Bacillus in the gut of Eisenia fetida cultured in processed-cow-dung (PrCD) supplemented with subinhibitory amounts of oxytetracycline, was studied.

Study Design: Sterile water containing oxytetracycline was sprayed over PrCD at concentration of 0.012 µg per mg dehydrated PrCD per spraying. The number of oxytetracycline-resistant Bacillus spp. microbiota of E. fetida’s gut was compared to the number of oxytetracycline-resistant Bacillus spp. in its feed (PrCD). For this purpose, Luria Agar (LA) and Bacillus Agar (BA) plates amended with or without oxytetracycline were used.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Omics Laboratory of Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal situated in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India during 2017-18.

Methodology: E. fetida gut content and PrCD samples were collected on different days of the experiment for bacteriological analysis. Dilution plating on LA yielded the total number of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria. LA plates amended with oxytetracycline (15 µg/ml) were used to acquire the fraction of heterotrophic bacteria resistant to oxytetracycline. BA plates were also utilized to obtain the fraction of resistant Bacillus spp. population. The frequency of mutation was determined using a conventional formula.

Results: In the gut of E. fetida reared in PrCD supplemented with sub-inhibitory concentration of oxytetracycline, a rise in the oxytetracycline-resistant Bacillus population was observed. On day 1, the frequency of oxytetracycline-resistant Bacillus spp. (5×10-8) matched the spontaneous mutation frequency, however higher frequencies on days 2 and 7 (1.6×10-4 and 3.5 x 10-6 respectively) suggested significant dissemination of oxytetracycline resistance in the gut environment.

Conclusion: Subinhibitory oxytetracycline concentrations in earthworm diet had a significant effect on mutation rates, showing that evolutionary forces on the gut microbiota may be determining their responses to antibiotic stress.
Isotopic analysis reveals landscape patterns in the diet of a subsidized predator, the common raven
Authors: Harju Seth , Olson Chad V. , Hess Jenn , Webb Stephen L.
Published: October 2021

Anthropogenic subsidies to native predators can have cascading effects on sensitive prey populations, but the spatial mechanisms behind these effects are often unknown.

We used a stable isotope mixing model to reconstruct spatially naïve assimilated diets of common raven (Corvus corax) chicks and then used regression analysis to investigate landscape patterns in assimilated chick diet, with particular respect to the eggs and chicks of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus).

Assimilated raven diets were primarily composed of mammal carrion, followed by anthropogenic food and sage‐grouse eggs and chicks.

Raven diets showed landscape gradients, whereby raven chicks in nests near active greater sage‐grouse breeding leks consumed a higher proportion of sage‐grouse eggs, sage‐grouse chicks and insects in their diet and less mammal carrion. A majority of raven nests on anthropogenic nesting structures (78.7%) were within 5 km of the nearest sage‐grouse lek. Ravens nesting in high‐probability greater sage‐grouse nesting habitat consumed more insects and plants and less mammal carrion.

In landscapes devoid of natural raven nesting substrates, such as our study area, anthropogenic nesting substrates can ‘anchor’ breeding ravens nearer to greater sage‐grouse leks, with concomitant increases in raven predation on greater sage‐grouse nests. Curtailment of anthropogenic nesting substrates within 5 km of a sage‐grouse lek may have a disproportionately positive impact on sage‐grouse populations. More generally, these findings highlight that the spatial arrangement of anthropogenic subsidies can result in indirect interactions between humans and predators with direct implications for predators and prey.
Effects of the Catalyst Dynamic Changes and Influence of the Reaction Environment on the Performance of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Wang Lei
Published: October 2021

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is substantially researched due to its potential for storing intermittent renewable electricity and simultaneously helping mitigating the pressing CO2 emission concerns. The major challenge of electrochemical CO2 reduction lies on having good controls of this reaction due to its complicated reaction networks and its unusual sensitivity to the dynamic changes of the catalyst structure (chemical states, compositions, facets and morphology, etc.), and to the non‐catalyst components at the electrode/electrolyte interface, in another word the reaction environments. To date, a comprehensive analysis on the interplays between the above catalyst‐dynamic‐changes/reaction environments and the CO2 reduction performance is rare, if not none. In this review, the catalyst dynamic changes observed during the catalysis are discussed based on the recent reports of electrochemical CO2 reduction. Then, the above dynamic changes are correlated to their effects on the catalytic performance. The influences of the reaction environments on the performance of CO2 reduction are also discussed. Finally, some perspectives on future investigations are offered with the aim of understanding the origins of the effects from the catalyst dynamic changes and the reaction environments, which will allow one to better control the CO2 reduction toward the desired products.
Materials for Dry Electrodes for the Electroencephalography: Advances, Challenges, Perspectives
Authors: Yang Liangtao , Liu Qing , Zhang Zhilin , Gan Lu , Zhang Yi , Wu Jinglong
Published: October 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) is extensively applied in brain cognition, clinical diagnosis, and artificial intelligence through detecting and analyzing the human brain biopotential. The Ag/AgCl combined with a conductive gel is the most widely used electrode in EEG. However, pre‐preparation before testing is time‐consuming and complicated. The dried gel has to be cleaned from hair after testing, otherwise discomforting the subjects. Therefore, it is strongly desired to develop a dry electrode to ease the test process and comfort the subjects. However, the high electrode–skin contact impedance weakens the intensity of biopotential signals. The materials with the features of high conductivity, good biocompatibility, and ease to obtain are more favorable for the dry EEG electrodes. This review provides state‐of‐the‐art materials for the dry electrode for the EEG with respect to the material preparation, and their electrical and electroencephalographical properties. Challenges and perspectives related to the material preparation, cost, and applications are also discussed.
Pd/C and TFA‐promoted One‐pot, Two‐step Cascade Reaction: An Effective Synthesis of Oxepines
Authors: Gugulothu Kishan , Ramulu Meesa Siddi , Kumar Utkoor Umesh , Rajasekhara Reddy Sabbasani , Shiva Kumar K.
Published: October 2021

A Pd/C and TFA‐promoted effective one‐pot synthesis of oxepines starting from iodoheteroaryl/aryl ethers and terminal alkyne has been developed under mild conditions. This transformation involves intermolecular C−C bond formation between the aryl iodide and terminal alkynes followed by intramolecular hydroarylation of alkyne, affording the desired oxepines in good yields. A possible mechanism was proposed.
Responsibility for homelessness: Lived experience perspectives and their alignment with neoliberal discourse
Authors: Stonehouse Darran , Theobald Jacqui , Threlkeld Guinever
Published: October 2021

In a context of increasing welfare conditionality, governmental responses to homelessness in Australia continue to be influenced by neoliberal discourses of personal responsibility. This is reflected in their emphasis on individualised interventions and lack of attention to structural drivers of homelessness. Research examining these issues has primarily focused on policies and practices aiming to responsibilise individuals’ conduct, and less so on how those with lived experiences view and apportion responsibility for homelessness. In recognition of this gap, this paper reports findings from a qualitative study examining the views of responsibility expressed by nine individuals with lived experiences of homelessness. Findings demonstrate that participants recognised their own responsibilities, yet also highlighted significant constraints on individual agency associated with being homeless and emphasised unmet responsibilities of governments. Our analysis demonstrates how participants’ views contrast with neoliberal discourses of personal responsibility, and problematise notions of “fair reciprocity” on which they are premised. We argue their views can be interpreted as supporting alternative notions of shared responsibility for homelessness. These findings have implications for policy and practice and highlight the need to further engage with lived experience perspectives to advance more effective and socially just responses to homelessness in Australia.
Room Temperature Allenation of Terminal Alkynes with Aldehydes
Authors: Xiao Junzhe , Cui Yifan , Li Can , Xu Haibo , Zhai Yizhan , Zhang Xue , Ma Shengming
Published: October 2021

A gold‐catalyzed room temperature allenation of terminal alkynes (ATA) with aldehydes affording 1,3‐disubstituted allenes with diverse functional groups has been developed by identifying a gold(I) catalyst and an amine. The practicality of this reaction has been demonstrated by a ten gram‐scale synthesis and the synthetic potentials have been demonstrated via various transformations and formal total synthesis of (−)‐centrolobine. Mechanistic studies revealed that the gold catalyst, the aldehyde effect, the fluoroalkyl hydroxyl solvent (TFE or HFIP) and the structure of amine are vital in this room temperature ATA reaction.
Asymmetric Deoxygenative Alkynylation of Tertiary Amides Enabled by Iridium/Copper Bimetallic Relay Catalysis
Authors: Li Zhaokun , Zhao Feng , Ou Wei , Huang Pei‐Qiang , Wang Xiaoming
Published: October 2021

A variety of inert tertiary amides have been successfully transformed into synthetically important chiral propargylamines in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities via a relayed sequence of Ir catalyzed partial reduction and Cu/GARPHOS catalyzed asymmetric alkynylation with terminal alkynes. The reaction was readily extended to some drug molecules and the transformations of representative products have been demonstrated, thus attesting the practical utilities and the robust nature of the protocol.
Reconfigurable Two‐Dimensional DNA Lattices: Static and Dynamic Angle Control
Authors: Wang Wen , Chen Chunyu , Vecchioni Simon , Zhang Tianqing , Wu Chengxian , Ohayon Yoel P. , Sha Ruojie , Seeman Nadrian C. , Wei Bryan
Published: October 2021

Branched DNA motifs serve as the basic construction elements for all synthetic DNA nanostructures. However, precise control of branching orientation remains a key challenge to further heighten the overall structural order. In this study, we use two strategies to control the branching orientation. The first one is based on immobile Holliday junctions which employ specific nucleotide sequences at the branch points which dictate their orientation. The second strategy is to use angle‐enforcing struts to fix the branching orientation with flexible spacers at the branch points. We have also demonstrated that the branching orientation control can be achieved dynamically, either by canonical Watson–Crick base pairing or non‐canonical nucleobase interactions (e.g., i‐motif and G‐quadruplex). With precise angle control and feedback from the chemical environment, these results will enable novel DNA nanomechanical sensing devices, and precisely‐ordered three‐dimensional architectures.
A Zn‐based metal–organic framework for the irreversible determination of trace biomarkers of styrene and ethylbenzene in urine
Authors: Cong Zhenzhong , Liu Wei , Song Zhenfeng , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying , Yao Wei , Wu Shuangyan , Gao Enjun
Published: October 2021

Phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), as a urine metabolite of ethylbenzene and styrene (EB/S), can effectively represent the level of EB/S ingested by the human body through oral inhalation and skin absorption. Compared with measuring EB/S levels directly in the environment, detecting the level of PGA in urine has the advantages of high specificity and noninvasive sampling. In this paper, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based sensorZn‐PBA = ({[Zn(PBA)·H2O]·2H2O}n, H2PBA = 4‐(5‐pyridinyl)‐1,3 benzoic acid) for trace detection of PGA was designed and synthesized by a solvothermal method.Zn‐PBAcould detect the level of PGA in normal human physiological urine environment (pH range from 5.5 to 7.5) and has the characteristics of high selectivity and sensitivity, rapid response (<210 s), low limit of detection (LOD = 1.96 × 10−6 M), and so forth. The irreversible sensing of PGA proves that PGA caused the structural collapse ofZn‐PBA. This paper provides a specific sensor for detecting trace PGA level for evaluating the EB/S content intake by the human body.
3D printed‐polylactic acid scaffolds coated with natural rubber latex for biomedical application
Authors: Marcatto Vinicius Assis , Sant'Ana Pegorin Giovana , Barbosa Gustavo Franco , Herculano Rondinelli Donizetti , Guerra Nayrim Brizuela
Published: October 2021

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly growing technology and plays an emerging role in several biomedical applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most common materials in 3D printing, however, it is chemically inert due to the absence of reactive side chain groups. In this context, in this work, the PLA scaffolds with two different geometries were produced and coated with natural rubber latex (NRL) extracted from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. NRL presents bioactive substances that are related to its biological properties. The results revealed scaffolds with interconnected pores and pores sizes from 600 to 1300 μm. The NRL coatings caused a decrease in pore size. Infrared spectra showed that 2 NRL layers were more efficient in coverage. Compressive strength values obtained are in agreement with the spongy bones value (22–24 MPa for crossbar and 20–22 MPa for roundbar cube). Finally, the hemolytic activity of the PLA scaffold was 3%, while the scaffolds coated with 1 and 2 NRL layers presented values of 0%, indicating a potential use in biomedical applications due to the absence of hemolytic effects.
Ten Ways to Fool the Masses When Presenting Battery Research**
Authors: Johansson Patrik , Alvi Sajid , Ghorbanzade Pedram , Karlsmo Martin , Loaiza Laura , Thangavel Vigneshwaran , Westman Kasper , Årén Fabian
Published: October 2021

As scientists within the field of battery research we may often find it quite difficult to match and trust the promises given in press releases and high‐profile papers. Even though there are real breakthroughs, where the results indeed are as impressive as they are marketed to be, we may as often find the reporting of “revolutionary” results to omit critical aspects of the methods and materials used. The absolute majority of researchers do not actively pursue to present their science in any untrue fashion, but poor (ethical) judgement could affect anyone working long hours in a gloomy lab at dusk and at the same time feel being pressed for publications and citations. Here, we outline ten ways to make your results appear more attractive and ground‐breaking than they actually are, especially to laypeople that might not appreciate the full range of difficulties associated with battery research. Consider it a light‐hearted entry with respect to scientific quality in methodology and dissemination, that might assist you in looking for nebulous reporting practices in your own and your peers’ work, but please do not consider it a guide, but a humorous contrast to the real publishing guidelines recently launched.[2–4]
The Roles of Composition and Mesostructure of Cobalt‐Based Spinel Catalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Rabe Anna , Büker Julia , Salamon Soma , Koul Adarsh , Hagemann Ulrich , Landers Joachim , Friedel Ortega Klaus , Peng Baoxiang , Muhler Martin , Wende Heiko , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Behrens Malte
Published: October 2021

By using the crystalline precursor decomposition approach and direct co‐precipitation the composition and mesostructure of cobalt‐based spinels can be controlled. A systematic substitution of cobalt with redox‐active iron and redox‐inactive magnesium and aluminum in a cobalt spinel with anisotropic particle morphology with a preferred 111 surface termination is presented, resulting in a substitution series including Co3O4, MgCo2O4, Co2FeO4, Co2AlO4 and CoFe2O4. The role of redox pairs in the spinels is investigated in chemical water oxidation by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN test), electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and H2O2 decomposition. Studying the effect of dominant surface termination, isotropic Co3O4 and CoFe2O4 catalysts with more or less spherical particles are compared to their anisotropic analogues. For CAN‐test and OER, Co3+ plays the major role for high activity. In H2O2 decomposition, Co2+ reveals itself to be of major importance. Redox active cations in the structure enhance the catalytic activity in all reactions. A benefit of a predominant 111 surface termination depends on the cobalt oxidation state in the as‐prepared catalysts and the investigated reaction.
A Perspective on Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Najafishirtari Sharif , Friedel Ortega Klaus , Douthwaite Mark , Pattisson Samuel , Hutchings Graham J. , Bondue Christoph J. , Tschulik Kristina , Waffel Daniel , Peng Baoxiang , Deitermann Michel , Busser G. Wilma , Muhler Martin , Behrens Malte
Published: October 2021

Selective oxidation of higher alcohols using heterogeneous catalysts is an important reaction in the synthesis of fine chemicals with added value. Though the process for primary alcohol oxidation is industrially established, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding considering the complexity of the catalysts and their dynamics under reaction conditions, especially when higher alcohols and liquid‐phase reaction media are involved. Additionally, new materials should be developed offering higher activity, selectivity, and stability. This can be achieved by unraveling the structure–performance correlations of these catalysts under reaction conditions. In this regard, researchers are encouraged to develop more advanced characterization techniques to address the complex interplay between the solid surface, the dissolved reactants, and the solvent. In this mini‐review, we report some of the most important approaches taken in the field and give a perspective on how to tackle the complex challenges for different approaches in alcohol oxidation while providing insight into the remaining challenges.
Enantioseparation and racemization of α‐aryl‐α‐fluoroacetonitriles
Authors: Steber Sarah E. , Pham Angelette N. D. L. , Nelson Eryn , Wolf Christian
Published: October 2021

The 2‐Aryl‐2‐fluoroacetonitriles have garnered increasing interest as versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis. However, the configurational stability of these organofluorines is poorly understood and analytical methods that can be used to differentiate between their enantiomers remain underdeveloped. In this study, baseline high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation of ten 2‐aryl‐2‐fluoroacetonitriles was achieved by screening frequently used chiral stationary phases. While Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AD, and Chiralpak AS proved to be most broadly useful, preparative separation of the enantiomers of 2‐(2‐naphthyl)‐2‐fluoroacetonitrile was possible on Chiralcel OJ. This enabled racemization studies at various temperatures and in the presence of organic bases which showed that this compound is configurationally stable under neutral conditions upon heating to 130°C for 6 h but undergoes complete racemization within 10 h in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of a guanidine base at room temperature. The racemization is likely to proceed via formation of an achiral keteniminate intermediate and obeys reversible first‐order reaction kinetics with a half‐life time of 87.7 min in ethanolic hexanes at 23.2°C. Racemization is significantly slower and occurs with a half‐life time of 23.1 h at 22.4°C when the guanidine is replaced with a weaker amidine base.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Valganciclovir and Ganciclovir in Transplantation
Authors: Franck Bénédicte , Autmizguine Julie , Marquet Pierre , Ovetchkine Philippe , Woillard Jean‐Baptiste
Published: October 2021

Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are first choice drugs for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients. Only a few studies on the pharmacokinetics and exposure/efficacy or exposure/safety relationships of ganciclovir and valganciclovir in transplant recipients have been published so far, and there are still controversies about the exposure parameter to use for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). We performed an extensive literature review of the clinical pharmacokinetics data, the exposure/effect relationships in terms of efficacy and safety, and the available tools for valganciclovir and ganciclovir TDM in adults and pediatrics transplant recipients. The pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir and valganciclovir is well described in adults and children, and a high interindividual variability is commonly observed. In contrast, the drug pharmacodynamics has been poorly described in adults and barely in children. The average 24‐hour area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0–24h) seems to be the best predictor of efficacy and toxicity. The benefit of TDM remains controversial in adult patients but should be considered in children due to higher interindividual variability and lower probability of target attainment. Several bayesian estimators based on limited sampling strategies have been developed with this aim and may be used in clinical practice for the AUC‐based individual dose adjustment of ganciclovir and valganciclovir.
Serum procalcitonin to differentiate acute antepartum pyelonephritis from asymptomatic bacteriuria and acute cystitis during pregnancy: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Huang Shang‐Yu , Hsiao Ching‐Hua , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Kang Lin , Yan Jian‐Ying , Cheng Po‐Jen
Published: October 2021

Objective

To examine whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) is useful for differentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from asymptomatic bacteriuria and acute cystitis during pregnancy.

Methods

A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted to compare serum white blood cell (WBC) counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and PCT level among pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and APN and healthy pregnant women (controls). Utility of WBC count, ESR, CRP, and PCT biomarkers for the prediction of APN during pregnancy were measured.

Results

Area under the curve (AUC) values of PCT, CRP, ESR, and WBC count for predicting asymptomatic bacteriuria were 0.576, 0.628, 0.542, and 0.532, respectively; those for predicting acute cystitis were 0.766, 0.735, 0.681, and 0.597, respectively; and those for predicting acute pyelonephritis 0.859, 0.763, 0.711, and 0.732, respectively. Compared with the other inflammatory markers used to predict APN, PCT exhibited the highest AUC (0.859 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.711–0.935]). A cutoff value of >0.25 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 79%.

Conclusion

Serum PCT can be a valuable addition to existing methods of differentiating asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis, and APN during pregnancy and can facilitate the early identification of APN during pregnancy.
Strategy of subsurface pipe drainage system to alleviate soil salinization based on the DRAINMOD model*
Authors: Liu Yi , Zeng Wenzhi , Ao Chang , Chen Mingyuan , Lei Guoqing , Wu Jingwei , Huang Jiesheng , Gaiser Thomas , Srivastava Amit Kumar
Published: October 2021

To investigate the dynamics and influencing factors of water and salt in subsurface pipe drainage (SPD) systems, three field experiments (denoted as E0.8, E1.1, and E1.4) with different drainage pipe depths (80, 110, and 140 cm, respectively) were conducted in saline farmlands in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. The cumulative water drainage and salt discharge were used to calibrate and validate the DRAINMOD model for simulating water and salt movements in SPD systems. Two indices, the effective leaching water amount (We) and the ratio of the salt discharge rate to the soil desalination rate (Rs/N), combined with the water drainage rate (Rw) and salt discharge rate (Rs), were used to evaluate the effects of salt discharge under different pipe layouts. The experimental results showed that water drainage only started when groundwater completely submerged the subsurface pipes. Furthermore, Rs and Rs/N increased with decreasing burial depth, while the total salt discharge decreased and Rw increased with We. The relationship among We, the burial depth of the subsurface pipe (B), the groundwater table (G), and the Rw or Rs/N of SPD was quantified under different soil textures. In addition, quantitative formulas for determining the water and salt discharge characteristics of SPD were also established.
Which Exchange Rates Matter for FDI? Evidence for Japan
Authors: Dennis Benjamin N. , Laincz Christopher A. , Zhu Lei
Published: October 2021

Using industry level data for Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to five Asian countries, we investigate how the sensitivity of FDI to the exchange rate changes across different industry types and exchange rate indices. Key results are as follows: (i) aggregated FDI data reported at the national level are insufficient for analysis, and industry‐level data are required; (ii) pooling industries by export orientation reveals heterogeneity in the response of different types of FDI to the exchange rates; and (iii) alternative exchange rate measures, particularly the competitor‐weighted exchange rate, perform better for export‐oriented FDI. We use our results to address key conflicts in the literature on exchange rates and FDI.
Monetary Policy in the Presence of Asymmetric Wage Indexation
Authors: Diana Giuseppe , Méon Pierre‐Guillaume
Published: October 2021

We study optimal monetary policy in the presence of asymmetric wage indexation. We findthatthe monetary authorities do not react to small output shocks, and that their reaction to large shocks is asymmetric, insofar as they absorb positive shocks more than negative ones. As a consequence, we observe that asymmetric wage indexation can be contractionary. It has ambiguous effects on expected inflation and welfare relative to an equivalent symmetric indexation. Optimal symmetric inflation, however, always outperforms optimal asymmetric indexation.
Entry Strategies of Partnerships versus Conventional Firms
Authors: Moretto Michele , Rossini Gianpaolo
Published: October 2021

From 1997 to 2001 the number of nonemployer businesses, mostly partnerships, grew faster than conventional firms in the United States, a country with the mildest asymmetries between the two types of enterprises with respect to taxation, administrative entry barriers, and other institutional aspects. Partnerships are smaller than conventional firms, and their different speeds of net entry could be the result of internal organization that makes them swifter and better equipped to be fast‐growing industries. In a continuous‐time stochastic environment with sunk costs, we model entry as a growth option. Partnerships and conventional firms display specific patterns in terms of output price and size in that they appear to react in diverse fashions to market uncertainty. In most cases, the partnership is less risky and better suited to enter under conditions of high volatility, as between 1997 and 2001 in the United States.
The Existence and Persistence of a Winner's Curse: New Evidence from the (Baseball) Field
Authors: Burger John D. , Walters Stephen J. K.
Published: October 2021

This study takes advantage of recent developments in the measurement and valuation of individual output in the baseball labor market to (i) reassess prior evidence that this market is afflicted by the winner's curse phenomenon and (ii) test whether bidders learn to avoid this curse over time. Though we find no evidence of negative average returns on player contracts for the earliest cohort of baseball free agents, we conclude that teams in that era failed to efficiently discount their bids in accord with available information, especially about risk. What is more, evidence from a larger sample of players signed in the late 1990s shows that teams have continued to overvalue inconsistent free agents and failed to limit their bids to conform to players' lower values in small markets. This is consistent with experimental evidence that finds bounded‐rational behavior when bidders are faced with complex valuation problems involving multiple elements.
The Relationship between Suicidal Behavior and Productive Activities of Young Adults
Authors: Tekin Erdal , Markowitz Sara
Published: October 2021

This paper provides an analysis of the link between suicidal behaviors and human capital formation of young adults in the United States. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate the effects of suicide thoughts and attempts on the probability of engaging in work or attending school. The richness of the data set allows us to implement several strategies to control for unobserved heterogeneity and the potential reverse causality. These strategies include using a large set of control variables that are likely to be correlated with both suicidal behavior and the outcome measures, an instrumental variables method, and fixed effects analyses from the subsamples of twin and sibling pairs. Results from the different identification strategies consistently indicate that both suicide thoughts and suicide attempts decrease the likelihood that a young adult individual engages in work or schooling.
Free Cash Flow and Takeover Threats: An Experimental Study
Authors: Oprea Ryan
Published: October 2021

A classic theory of corporate governance holds that when cash flow is high and investment opportunities scarce, takeover threats reduce managerial self‐dealing and encourage dividend payment to owners. I conduct laboratory experiments studying the effect of cash flow on self‐dealing and the effect of takeover threats on both agency problems and the optimality of management of cash flows. I find that higher cash flow firms suffer more severe agency problems. Moreover I find that takeover threats reduce these problems in high cash flow firms but not low cash firms. Finally, I find evidence that takeover threats cause managers in low cash flow firms to make myopic withdraws to signal generosity.