bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Outline of the Relations of Animals to their Inland Environments
Authors: Adams Charles
Published: May 2020

In the present brief paper I have attempted to discuss only certain phases of the problem with the idea of emphasizing the general principles involved, and in the hope that it may aid in making these conceptions of more practical value in investigation, and also facilitate an understanding of the discussion contained in a report on the invertebrates of the Charleston (Illinois) region, to appear in a subsequent paper of this volume of the Laboratory Bulletin.
The European Corn-borer and Some Similar Native Insects
Authors: Flint Wesley , Malloch John
Published: May 2020

The present publication is intended to give a few of the more important facts concerning this insect and some of the closely related native borers, and to supply a means of distinguishing them.
Distribution of the Fresh-water Sponges of North America
Authors: Smith Frank
Published: May 2020

In the preparation of this paper there have been two purposes in mind. One of these is the presentation of the results of studies thus far made on the fresh-water sponges of lllinois ; and the other is to assemble in more convenient form the information which we now have concerningthe distribution of such sponges in North America. Preliminary to the more detailed presentation of data it is desirable to give a brief summary of our knowledge of the fresh-water sponges of this continent.
The Apple Flea-weevil, Orchestes pallicornis Say (Order Coleoptera; Family Curculionidae)
Authors: Flint W. P. , Chandler S. C. , Glenn P. A.
Published: May 2020

During the past decade it has become so destructive over a large area in Illinois and in a limited section of Ohio that serious study of the life history and control of the pest has been made by both the Illinois Natural History Survey and the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, and the present publication is issued to set forth the results of these studies.
Second Report on a Forest Survey of Illinois. The Economics of Forestry in the State
Authors: Chapman Herman , Miller Robert
Published: May 2020

To depict these conditions, to determine the relative importance of wood in all its forms in the present economic life of Illinois, and to indicate the lines on which it may be possible to develop a sound and comprehensive policy of dealing with this problem of future wood supply, is the purpose of this report.
Some Observations on the Oxygen Requirements of Fishes in the Illinois River
Authors: Thompson David
Published: May 2020

Some valuable determinations of dissolved oxygen in the channel were made by the State Water Survey on January 23 and 24 and on February 6 and 7, 1925, which are published here for the first time.
An Entomological Survey of the Salt Fork of the Vermilion River in 1921, with a Bibliography of Aquatic Insects
Authors: Alexander Charles
Published: May 2020

At the suggestion of Dr. Stephen A. Forbes, Chief of the State Natural HistorySurvey, the writer in 1921 attempted to supplement Mr. Baker's studies from a purely entomological view-point. The stream was examined at short intervals, from above the source of pollution near Crystal Lake, Urbana, to just beyond the union of the Salt and Middle forks nearHillery in Vermillion county. Illinois. A total of thirty-three stationsvwere established, corresponding rather closely with the collecting points chosen by Mr. Baker and with the bacteriological stations of the Illinois Water Survey. The collections of insects taken at the various stations are recorded later in this paper.
On the Crustacea Eaten by Fishes
Authors: Forbes Stephen A.
Published: May 2020

I have recognized the following genera and species of Crustacea in the stomachs of the fishes of the preceding list (Food of Illinois Fishes), several of them being new to the state. The material afforded has been by no means exhaustively studied, and the list of species could probably be quadrupled. I have refrained from formal description of some species which are evidently new, preferring to wait for specimens in more perfect condition.  Appendix to "The Food of Fishes" (Forbes, 1878).
Parasitic Fungi of Illinois
Authors: Burrill T. J.
Published: May 2020

Most of the plants herein described were collected in Illinois during 1881 and 1882. by Mr. A. B. Seymour, who was employed for the purpose by the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. The entire collection consists of three thousand seven hundred and eighty-four numbers, many of which are of course duplicates, or are different stages of the same species, leaving, however, a very large number of distinct specific forms—much larger than is usually supposed to exist in our flora. The determinations have been made at the Illinois Industrial University by myself, efficiently aided by Mr. Seymour. For this work, besides the facilities offered by the library and herbarium of the University, the State Laboratory of Natural History furnished many books and specimens. Among the latter are the following sets of exsiccata: DeThumen's Mycotheca Universalis, Ellis' North American Fungi. Ravenel's Fungi Caroliniani and Fungi Americani.
The Plant Bugs, or Miridae, of Illinois
Authors: Knight Harry H.
Published: May 2020

The list of Miridae of Illinois now stands at 330 species. One hundred ten extra-limital species were included bringing the total number treated in this report to 440 species.
Survey of the Illinois Fur Resource
Authors: Brown Louis G. , Yeager Lee E.
Published: May 2020

The Illinois wild fur resource was studied intensively in the field from June 1, 1939, to June 30, 1940. This paper, prepared subsequently, is the final project report.  The main objective of the survey was the determination of facts on which to base biologically sound trapping laws and other regulations pertaining to Illinois fur animals. Such facts involved the habitat requirements of the fur animals, the annual yield and income by species and localities, the portion of furs taken by trappers and by hunters, the number of licensed and unlicensed furtakers, methods of trapping, hunting and marketing furs, and fur animal cycles.  In 1938-39, the calculated number of Illinois fur-takers, defined as individuals taking furs by their own efforts, was 29,431; in 1939-40, the total was 27,021. About 9,500 individuals each year took furs by hunting; all other fur-takers were trappers.  The average annual value of the Illinois fur resource in 1938-39 and 1939-40, summarized in tables 15 to 20, inclusive, was over $1,200,000, which represents a capital value of over $30,000,000 at 4 per cent interest.
Wetwood of Elms
Authors: Carter J. Cedric
Published: May 2020

The investigation of wetwood reported in this paper is the outgrowth of studies of an unusual wilt observed on a large number of American elms in the Village of Hinsdale, Illinois, in July and August, 1939. As studies of the wilt progressed, it became apparent that this wilt was a secondary manifestation of disease intimately related to slime flux, a chronic bleeding at crotches and wounds, to abnormally high sap pressure in the trunk, and to wetwood, a water-soaked, darkly discolored condition of the heartwood. The investigation has shown that all of these conditions—wilting, high sap pressure and water-soaked, discolored wood—are phases of the wetwood disease, and that a bacterium, described as a new species, can cause wetwood in elms.
Natural Availability of Oak Wilt Inocula
Authors: Curl E. A.
Published: May 2020

Need for information that would be useful in explaining the spread of oak wilt prompted an intensive study of the availability of oak wilt inocula. This study was made in five major wilt areas in Illinois and covered the 10-month period from October, 1952, through July, 1953.  A total of 649 typical mycelial mats,each with a pad in the center, were found on 31 selected trees, some of the mats in each month of the 10-month study period.  Spore counts from mat samples indicated that the highest concentration of conidia on mats was reached in December, after which there was a steady decrease during a period of low winter and spring temperatures until April, when a sharp rise occurred with the rise in temperature.  In the laboratory, best germination was obtained from conidia that were collected in April and good germination from those collected in October, November, and March. The highest average number of conidia was obtained from mature mats but the highest germination rate of conidia was obtained from immature mats. The significance of mat size, as well as numbers of mats, in accounting for the concentration of conidia in an oak wilt area was demonstrated from sample data.  A mat that measured 24 by 10 cm was estimated to contain 1,650,000,000 conidia.  Twenty-three per cent of 393 mats (which were presumed to be old enough to have perithecia) contained perithecia.  Mats with perithecia were found in all months of the study except July, and the highest average number of perithecia per mat sample was found on aging mats in May.
Lead Poisoning as a Mortality Factor in Waterfowl Populations
Authors: Bellrose Frank C.
Published: May 2020

The mortality resulting from lead poisoning in populations of wild waterfowl has been a cause of concern to conservationists for many years. This concern has grown out of the knowledge that lead poisoning is of common occurrence among waterfowl, that this poisoning results from the ingestion of lead by the birds in their feeding, and that large numbers of lead pellets fired from the guns of hunters lie in lakes and marshes visited by waterfowl. The present paper is devoted primarily to the evaluation of losses resulting from lead poisoning in wild waterfowl populations. The approach toward evaluating the importance of lead poisoning in wild waterfowl was threefold : ( 1 ) appraisal of the incidence and magnitude of waterfowl die-offs resulting from lead poisoning, (2) appraisal of the incidence of ingested lead shot among waterfowl populations in fall and early winter, and (3) appraisal of waterfowl losses resulting from the ingestion of various quantities of lead shot per bird.
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Phalangiinae of Illinois
Authors: Weed Clarence M.
Published: May 2020

The great majority of the American species of those familiar creatures commonly known as ''harvest-men " or "daddy-long-legs" (not to be confounded with the crane-flies— Tipulida'—which go by by the latter name in Europe) belong to the subfamily PJialangiind' of the family Phalangi(Ja> of the suborder Opilonea and order Arthrogastra. Though abundant and widely distributed, these arachnids have as yet received comparatively little attention in this country. The first American descriptions were published by Thomas Say in 1821 (Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. IT., pp. 65-68), when four species were characterized under the genus Phalangium. Besides the above the only descriptive paper that has appeared is that by Dr. Horatio C. Wood, Jr., entitled "On the Phalangese of the United States of America," which was published in 1868 in the Communications of the Essex Institute (Vol. VI., pp. 10-40). In 1885, Prof. L. M. Underwood published a list of the described species (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XVI., pp. 167-160), but added nothing to our knowledge of the group. Finally, in the "American Naturalist" for October, 1887 (Vol. XXL, p. 935), the present writer published a brief note calling attention to the proper generic position of several species hitherto retained in the old genus Phalangium.
Comparative Uptake and Biodegradability of DDT and Methoxychlor by Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Reinbold Keturah A. , Kapoor Inder P. , Childers William F. , Bruce Willis N. , Metcalf Robert L.
Published: May 2020

The studies reported in this paper were designed to further test the biodegradability of methoxychlor and to compare in a laboratory aquatic environment (i) the uptake of DDT and methoxychlor directly from water by fishes, from water by crustaceans of the genus Daphnia and by snails of the genus Phijsa, and from daphnia by guppies in a daphnia-to-fish food chain and (ii) the subsequent elimination of the insecticides from the organisms.
The Reproductive Cycle of the Raccoon in Illinois
Authors: Sanderson Glen C. , Nalbandov A. V.
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this study were to gather data on the reproductive cycle and the basic anatomy of the reproductive system of the raccoon and to investigate those aspects of the raccoon's reproductive physiology that gave promise of increasing our knowledge in the general field of mammalian reproductive physiology. This study was part of an effort to obtain a refined understanding of the population dynamics of the species. Other aspects of the study will be published elsewhere.
Aster and Brachyactis in Illinois
Authors: Jones Almut G.
Published: May 2020

The need for a comprehensive study and taxonomic revision of asters in Illinois becomes apparent when one looks at the varied treatments of this genus in the principal floristic literature of the state (G.N. Jones 1945, 1950, 1963; Jones and Fuller 1935: Mohlenbrock 1975. 1986; Mohlenbrock and Ladd 1978. Three factors contribute to the differences found in these works: the number of taxa recorded for Illinois, nomenclatural considerations such as those dictated by the principle of priority, and differences in taxonomic concepts and interpretations. In the first edition of Flora of Illinois (G.N. Jones 1945). 33 species are treated under Aster, not counting hybrids. Three additional species appear in the third edition (G.N. Jones 1963): A. chasei G.N. Jones in Jones & Fuller, a species newly described from Illinois: A. tartaricus L.f.. an occasionally escaped cultivated species; and A.parviveps (Burgess in Britton & Brown) Mack. & Bush, probably inadvertently omitted from the first two editions but included in Jones and Fuller (1955). In the most recent (Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. Mohlenbrock (1986) treats 35 species. A notable change involves the transfer of A. ptarmicoides (Nees) Torrey & Gray to Solidago. In this revision, I recognize 31 species of Aster in the state of Illinois. My research has concentrated on New World and some Old World species of Aster (sensu lato) forever 15 years (A.G. Jones 1974, 1977, 1978a, b, c. I980a, b, 1982, 1983,1984, 1987; Jones and Hiepko 1981; Jones and Young 1983; Jones and Lowry 1986; and others), and much additional infomation has been introduced in this current study. My taxonomic concepts are summarized in the conspectus of classification of Illinois Aster species.
Non-native Fishes Inhabiting the Streams and Lakes of Illinois
Authors: Laird Christopher A. , Page Lawrence M.
Published: May 2020

At the turn of the century, only one non-native species of fish, the common carp, was established in Illinois (Forbes and Richardson 1908). In contrast, by 1979, six non-native fishes were reproducing in Illinois (Smith 1979) and, in 1996, only 17 years later, seven more nonnative fishes have become established (Table 1). In addition to these 13 species, 9 non-native fishes are periodically stocked in Illinois or stray into the state from nearby states where they are stocked (Table 1). Because several of these fishes only recently have become introduced or are expanding their ranges in Illinois, they are not familiar to most residents of the state. The keys and descriptions in this publication are intended to assist in the identification and monitoring of the impacts of these 22 species. Also included for each species is a brief summary of its ecological and life history characteristics, and a discussion of its Illinois distribution. Additional information can be found in accounts by Smith (1979) and by Burr (1991), who reviewed various aspects of recent changes in the fish fauna of Illinois.
Toxicity of Ingested Bismuth Alloy Shot in Game-farm Mallards
Authors: Sanderson Glen C. , Anderson William L. , Foley George L. , Skowron Loretta M. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Seets James W.
Published: May 2020

In a 30-day study involving penned game-farm mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), no harmful health effects were detected from dosing with either six, No. 4, bismuth/tin (Bi/Sn) alloy shot or six, No. 4, steel (Fe) shot, as compared with sham (0 shot) dosing. Survival, hematocrit (Hct) values, body weight, and mean weights of kidneys, livers, gonads, and gizzards were not affected. Mean concentrations of nutritionally essential elements (calcium [Ca], phosphorous [P], magnesium [Mg], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], Fe, and Sn) were different among doses and between sexes in kidneys, livers, and gonads. However, concentrations of these elements in these organs and tissues in Bi-dosed ducks were not different from both 0- and Fe-dosed ducks. Bi/Sn alloy shot, as tested in this study, elicited no indications of toxicity in game-farm mallard ducks.
Nesting Biology of Mallards in West-central Illinois
Authors: Yetter Aaron P. , Stafford Joshua D. , Hine Christopher S. , Bowyer Matthew W. , Havera Stephen P. , Horath Michelle M.
Published: May 2020

The number of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding in Illinois and eastern North America has increased in recent decades; however, few studies have investigated the nesting biology of Mallards outside primary production areas. Therefore, we radiomarked resident female Mallards (n = 148) in west-central Illinois during 1998–2003 to assess nesting parameters and evaluate recruitment. Mean initiation date for first nests ranged from 22 April to 6 May, and the majority (75%) of nests were initiated by 20 May. Therefore, the majority of nests were predicted to hatch by 24 June. The nesting season averaged 88 days (range: 77–103 days). The proportion of unsuccessful females that renested ranged from 50.0–85.7%, and adults were more likely to renest (75.0%) than yearlings (48.0%). Nest success ranged from 9.8–33.3% and was 19.6% overall; hen success was 28.3%. Initial brood size was 8.2 ± 0.3 ducklings, but brood size declined to 3.0 ± 0.6 ducklings by 17 days posthatch. Brood survival to 20 days was 0.759 ± 0.081, and 20-day duckling survival was 0.413 ± 0.035. Female survival during spring-summer ranged from 0.546–1.00 and averaged 0.710 ± 0.096. Likewise, estimated Mallard recruitment varied annually (range: 0.302–0.672 female ducklings/female). Assuming constant female and duckling survival, we estimated that a recruitment rate of 0.613 female ducklings/adult female was necessary to maintain a stable Mallard breeding population in west-central Illinois. Estimated Mallard reproduction and recruitment was similar to that observed in other areas of North America. Nest success and hen success approached or exceeded estimated thresholds for population stability in most years; however, hen success averaged over the study period was insufficient for local population maintenance and growth. Female survival was comparable to that observed in other studies but may have limited population growth in some years. Duckling survival was sufficient for population maintenance. Management designed to enhance hen success and brood habitat may augment Mallard recruitment in west-central Illinois.
Bacteria Normal to Digestive Organs of Hemiptera
Authors: Forbes S. A.
Published: May 2020

Previously unknown digestive organs contain bacteria found nowhere else in the bodies of Hemiptera.
Current distribution and status of amphibians and reptiles in Will County, Illinois
Authors: Mauger David , Anton Thomas G.
Published: May 2020

The distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Will County, Illinois, was assessed using museum records and results from 58 surveys conducted between 1986 and 2009 on lands owned and managed by the Forest Preserve District of Will County (FPDWC) and Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). One hundred and twenty sources of information were examined including technical reports, theses, dissertations, and personal data belonging to the authors. Forty-eight species (19 amphibians, 29 reptiles) were documented by photos or specimens from Will County. Eleven species were determined widespread and common, 6 were categorized as patchy distributions and are uncommon or locally common, and 23 were found to have restricted distributions and are considered rare, including seven state-listed species. One of those state-listed species (Sistrurus catenatus) is likely extirpated. Eight species had undetermined distributions, four of them of questionable occurrence. One of the questionable species (Anaxyrus fowleri) is no longer included in the current list of Will County herpetofauna because it has been determined to have been an introduction and no known population exists. For three others Terrapene carolina, Pantherophis spiloides, Nerodia rhombifer) we were unable to conclusively interpret their records and they are assigned questionable status until further records confirm existence of viable, self sustaining populations. Of seven state-listed species (four threatened, three endangered), one may be extirpated (Sistrurus catenatus). Lithobates sylvaticus, Hemidactylium scutatum, Ambystoma texanum, and Eurycea cirrigera are glacial relicts that are highly vulnerable to extirpation due to pollution, isolation, and a warming climate. Presently, 43 species (18 amphibians, 25 reptiles) are known to occur in Will County, making it the most species-rich county in the Chicago region.
The North American Species of Diaptomus
Authors: Schacht Frederick
Published: May 2020

It has been my purpose in preparing this paper to do for the students of American Centropagidae a service similar t that which de Guerne and Richard have rendered to students of this group as distributed throughout the world.
A List of the Protozoa and Rotifera Found in the Illinois River and Adjacent Lakes at Havana, Ill.
Authors: Hempel Adolph
Published: May 2020

The material studied in the preparation of this paper was collected at the Biological Experiment Station established on the Illinois River, at Havana, April 1, 1894, by the University of Illinois and the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.
On the Local Distribution of Certain Illinois Fishes:
Authors: Forbes S. A.
Published: May 2020

This paper is thus to be taken as a contribution to an answer to the following questions: What Illinois fishes are habitually found in each others' society,and what is the relative frequency of their associations? How are Illinois fishes grouped and distributed according to location and situation, and in each ecological assemblage so formed what is the proportionate representation of its various constituent species? How far are the two classes of data^ those of associative affiliation and of ecological relationship, comparable, and to what extent may the one be used to explain the other?
The Oribatoidea of Illinois
Authors: Ewing Henry
Published: May 2020

The mites of the group Orihatoidea, though abundant in this country, have received but little study. About a hundred species have been recorded from America. Out of this number over 90 per cent, are new species, yet with this very large per cent, of new species only two new genera (Gymnobates Banks and Tumidaleus Ewing) are peculiar to our country.
On the Common Shrew-mole in Illinois
Authors: Wood Frank
Published: May 2020

There are two species of moles in Illinois: one, the starnose mole, Condylura cristata (Linnaeus) is found sparingly in the northern part of the state; the other, known as the common or shrew-mole, Scalopus aquaticus (Linnaeus), is the one with which this paper deals. It is distributed throughout most of the state, and apparently all our specimens may be referred to the western subspecies machrinus (Rafinesque).
COVID-19-Related Information Sources and the Relationship With Confidence in People Coping with COVID-19: Facebook Survey Study in Taiwan (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Peng-Wei , Lu Wei-Hsin , Ko Nai-Ying , Chen Yi-Lung , Li Dian-Jeng , Chang Yu-Ping , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

People obtain information on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from the internet and other sources. Understanding the factors related to such information sources aids health professionals in educating individuals.

OBJECTIVE

This study used data collected from the online survey study on COVID-19 in Taiwan to examine what major COVID-19 information sources are available and which sources are significantly related to the self-confidence of people in coping with COVID-19 in Taiwan.

METHODS

A total of 1904 participants (1270 non–health-care workers and 634 health care workers) were recruited from the Facebook advertisement. Their major sources of information about COVID-19, the relationships between the sources and demographic factors, and the relationships between the sources and the self-confidence in coping with COVID-19 were surveyed.

RESULTS

Most Taiwanese people relied on the internet for COVID-19 information. Many respondents also used a variety of sources of information on COVID-19; such variety was associated with sex, age, and the level of worry toward COVID-19, as well as if one was a health care worker. For health care workers, the use of formal lessons as an information source was significantly associated with better self-confidence in coping with COVID-19. The significant association between receiving information from more sources and greater self-confidence was found only in health care workers but not in non–health-care workers.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical professionals should consider subgroups of the population when establishing various means to deliver information on COVID-19.
Role of Emerging Technologies in COVID 19: Analyses, Predictions, and Future Countermeasures (Preprint)
Authors: G Dr. Rekha
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

In the resent decade, emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, Cloud Computing , Internet of Things (IoT), etc., have changed people life a lot (in terms of living). Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied widely in our daily lives in a variety of ways with numerous successful stories. AI has also contributed to dealing with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which is currently happening around the globe.We touch on a number of areas where AI plays as an essential component, from medical image processing, data analytics, text mining and natural language processing, the Internet of Things, to computational biology and medicine. For this, a summary of COVID-19 related data sources that are available for research purposes (for future researchers) is also presented.For that, all the tools, resources and datasets needed to facilitate AI research are also been reviewed. Also discussed about Machine Learning use cases for Drug Formulations, Treatment of Patients Suffering with COVID-19, how Artificial Intelligence and internet of things can be useful to develop Cost- effective and Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostics. For example, uses of Internet of Medical Things for Smart Healthcare (primary focus on detecting COVID-19 symptoms, and alerts for other users) have been discussed in this work. In summary, this work providesuseful information about (potential of) AI methods, machine learning, internet of things, used in many applications like Medicare, COVID-19 outbreak and summarizes several critical roles of Artificial Intelligence (including machine learning and internet of things) research in this unprecedented battle.We also discuss several future Research directions, global impact of corona on internet of things and many applications. It is envisaged that this work will provide AI, and ML researchers and the wider community an overview of the current status of AI and ML applications and motivate researchers in harnessing AI potentials in the fight against COVID-19.
Dental students’ education in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: from reality to virtuality: lessons to be learnt. (Preprint)
Authors: Alhabshneh Rola , Alibrahim Anas , Abu-Alteen Tahani , Hamadah Wiam , Khader Yousef
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health challenge for many countries around the world. The global lockdown of educational institutions is going to cause major disruption to students’ learning and cancellation of their yearly assessments. Dental students are particularly at risk, due to the possibility of aerosols produced in many dental procedures that were suggested as a way of transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Shifting to online learning is needed in this era.

OBJECTIVE

This article aims to review the online learning experience, the effectiveness of tele-dentistry and the importance of implementing dental virtual simulation in preclinical and clinical courses during pandemics. Some suggestions are also provided to widen communication and creativity in the education system. The limitations of online learning and suggested solutions are also discussed.

METHODS

Two independent investigators conducted an electronic comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE for articles published between 2000 and 2020, using the following search terms: “online education”; “Tele-dentistry”; “Education during pandemics”; “Virtual dentistry”; “COVID-19 reshaping education”; and “Dental E-learning.” Studies were selected and classified as included or excluded based on the title and abstract of the articles by the 2 researchers, working independently. Articles included were published in English, related to dentistry and online education. Articles excluded were not published in English or related to conventional education.
It was not possible to analyze included articles, therefore we decided to do narrative review only. Authors’ points of view and suggestions were also added to shed light on the online learning experience and understand its quality and effectiveness during pandemics.

RESULTS

: from 150 articles reviewed, only 30 articles were found to qualify for inclusion. All included articles discussed online education based on experience of authors and provided some suggestions so that online learning experience becomes more effective. All included articles found that online education is a useful tool to be invested at times of pandemics and that it needs to be empowered and improved by schools and universities.

CONCLUSIONS

Being successful in riding the wave will take dental learning and teaching into a new era. In the future, every dean and faculty member will understand that online education is not only a potential source for new revenue. Instead, online education will be recognized as an essential core to every educational plan for institutional resilience and academic continuity.

CLINICALTRIAL

None
IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP KERJASAMA MAHASISWA MULTIKULTURAL DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Hadiwijaya Munawwir , Amalyasari Maya Rizki
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi Prinsip Kerja Sama Grice pada mahasiswa multikultural yang belajar di Malang, berdasarkan pelanggaran, pembatasan, dan implikatur yang ditimbulkan. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari dialog yang muncul dalam interaksi sehari-hari antara mahasiswa multikultural di dalam dan di luar kelas di IKIP Budi Utomo Malang, yang didominasi oleh enam suku, yaitu: Jawa, Madura, Dayak/Pontianak, Sumba Flores, dan Makasar. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa: (a) pelanggaran Maksim Kuantitas memiliki implikatur: penekanan, penolakan, dan dalam situasi di mana pembicara dan mitra bicara memiliki referensi yang sama dan anggapan yang sesuai; (b) Pelanggaran Kualitas Maxim memiliki implikatur: Menerka-nerka karena tidak yakin tentang informasi yang disampaikan, basa-basi untuk kesopanan, dan berkelit; (c) Pelanggaran Maksim Relevansi memiliki implikatur: penegasan pernyataan atau pendapat dari mitra tutur; (d) Pola Pelanggaran Maksim Cara bermotif: menjaga pembicaraan berlangsung lebih lama; (e) Pembatasan Maksim Kuantitas berpola: memberikan kesan kepada mitra bicara bahwa informasi yang diberikan mungkin tidak cukup lengkap; (f) Pembatasan Maksim Kualitas berpola: penutur tidak bertanggung jawab atas kebenaran kata-katanya; (g) Pembatasan Maksim Relevansi berpola: mengubah topik pembicaraan tanpa menyinggung mitra tutur; (h) Dalam penelitian ini tidak ada kasus Pembatasan Maksim Cara karena data yang diperoleh terbatas.
PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI KEBAHASAAN DALAM MENULIS TEKS CERPEN SEJARAH DI MAN 7 JOMBANG
Authors: Jayanti Rani , Rosita Yesy Diah
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kompetensi kebahasaan dalam menulis teks cerpen sejarah siswa. Alasan utama peneliti mengadakan riset untuk mencari tahu tentang hal yang mempengaruhi meningkatnya kebahasaan setiap siswa terutama dalam menyusun teks cerpen sejarah yang berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Hasil penelitian yaitu hasil uji coba pre-test dan post-test peserta didik MAN 7 Jombang mengalami perbedaan, dari nilai pre-test pada tabel 1 lebih rendah dengan rata-rata 79. Sedangkan, hasil dari nilai post-test lebih tinggi dengan rata-rata 84,13. Jadi, ada ketidaksamaan yang penting dalam penggunan pengembangan bahan ajar berupa modul. Bahan ajar modul dapat dinyatakan mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar dan pemahaman siswa secara efektif.
KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERPEN DENGAN TEKNIK UBAH DIARY MAHASISWA IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG
Authors: Susandi Susandi , Rachman Anita Kurnia
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilan menulis cerpen dengan teknik ubah diary pada Mata Kuliah Menulis Fiksi mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Angkatan 2017 A dengan jumlah 54 orang. Langkah-langkah penelitian, yaitu (1) melakukan observasi tentang kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menulis cerpen, (2) penjelasan tentang teknik ubah diary, dan (3) penulisan cerpen dengan teknik ubah diary. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan (1) pengamatan langsung ke sumber data untuk mengamati proses tindakan yang dilakukan, mengumpulkan data, mencatat dan mengamati proses pembelajaran dan aktivitas mahasiswa, (2) penggunaan catatan lapangan untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran, dan (3) menganalisis hasil menulis cerpen menggunakan rubrik penilaian yang telah disusun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, penggunaan teknik ubah diary menghasilkan deskripsi keterampilan menulis cerpen pada mahasiswa. Deskripsi ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil tes menulis cerpen mahasiswa mencapai rata-rata 86,44% atau berkategori sangat baik. Terdapat 35 mahasiswa dengan nilai 85-100 kategori sangat baik atau 64,8%. Sebanyak 10 mahasiswa mendapat nilai 75-84 kategori baik atau 18,52%. Pada kategori cukup dengan nilai 65-74 atau 14,81% sebanyak 8 mahasiswa. Pada kategori kurang dengan nilai 0-64 atau 1,86% sebanyak 1 mahasiswa.
Validation of Electronic Health Record Detection of Patient Safety Outcomes
Authors: Humphreys Christopher , Fletcher Sarah , Sharma Nishan , Kachra Rahim , Ruzycki Shannon Marie
Published: May 2020

Background: Adverse events (AE) are common for hospitalized Canadians, and lead to worse patient outcomes. Monitoring patient safety is logistically challenging. We aimed to validate the use of our electronic health record (EHR) to monitor important patient safety.

Methods: EHR data was used to identify patients who were exposed to one of four high-priority safety outcomes: venous thromboembolism, dysglycemia, Clostridium difficile(C. difficile) infection, and prolonged nil per os(NPO) orders. A manual chart review was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the EHR for each patient safety outcome.

Results: The sensitivity and specificity ranged from 38.4% to 78.1% and 88.1 to 99.2%, respectively, for the prespecified patient safety outcomes.

Conclusion: The EHR is reasonably sensitive and specific to monitor rates of dysglycemia, C. difficileinfection, and prolonged NPO in medical inpatients, but does not have adequate sensitivity to be used to capture venous thromboembolism safety outcomes.
Post-partum Seizure from Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Following Epidural Anesthesia
Authors: Whalen-Browne Anna , Onizuka Kristyne , Tiboni Maria , Srinivasan Ragini
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTHeadaches in the post-partum period are common, while new seizures are not. While many causes of post-partum headache are benign, it can be difficult to determine which patients warrant a more comprehensive workup to investigate for serious causes, which may only present later with neurologic sequelae such as new seizures. We suggest that persistent post-dural puncture headaches in the context of intrapartum epidural anesthesia can be suggestive of a serious cause such as intracranial hypotension or subdural hematoma. We describe a case of a 28-year-old G1P1 female presenting with a first-time seizure at 19 days post-partum caused by subdural hematoma from a persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak. This was in the context of a history of typical post-dural puncture headache following delivery.

RÉSUMÉLes maux de tête dans la période post-partum sont fréquents, alors que les nouvelles crises ne le sont pas. Bien que de nombreuses causes de céphalées post-partum soient bénignes, il peut être difficile de déterminer quels patients justifient un bilan plus complet pour rechercher les causes graves, qui peuvent ne se présenter que plus tard avec des séquelles neurologiques comme de nouvelles crises. Nous suggérons que les maux de tête persistants post-ponctionnels dans le contexte de l’anesthésie épidurale intra-partum peuvent suggérer une cause grave comme l’hypotension intracrânienne ou un hématome sous-dural. Nous décrivons le cas d’une femme G1P1 de 28 ans qui présente une première crise d’épilepsie 19 jours après l’accouchement causée par un hématome sous-dural causé par une fuite persistante de liquide céphalorachidien. C’était dans le contexte d’une histoire de céphalées typiques après une ponction post-durale après l’accouchement.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis in a Case of Atypical Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Mu Xin (Peter) , Mazzetti Ian
Published: May 2020

AbstractLymphomatoid papulosis is an indolent cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder that presents as recurrent self-resolving papulonodular skin lesions. Currently, there are no known causes for lymphomatoid papulosis and definitive diagnosis is only made histologically. A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-week history of bilateral leg pains, low-grade fevers, and a widespread eruption of painless erythematic papules. Despite testing positive for syphilis serology, he lacked the typical clinical history for classic syphilis and therefore, skin biopsies were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Unexpectedly, the skin biopsies revealed lymphomatoid papulosis which resolved with antibiotic treatments for syphilis. Considering the synchronous resolution of the patient’s syphilis infection and his cutaneous lesions, this is the first report of findings to suggest syphilis as a possible cause for lymphomatoid papulosis. Clinicians should appreciate the possibility of alternative diagnosis for cutaneous presentations in settings of confirmed syphilis infections.

RESUMELa papulose lympho-matoïde est un trouble lymphoprolifératif cutané indolent qui se présente sous la forme de lésions cutanées papulonodulaires auto-résolutives récurrentes. Actuellement, il n’y a pas de causes connues de la papulose lymphomatoïde et le diagnostic définitif n’est posé que sur le plan histologique. Un homme de 64 ans a présenté une histoire de 6 semaines de douleurs bilatérales aux jambes, de fièvres de bas grade et d’éruptions généralisées de papules érythémateuses indolores. Malgré un test sérologique positif pour la syphilis, il n’avait pas les antécédents cliniques typiques de la syphilis classique et des biopsies cutanées ont donc été effectuées pour confirmer le diagnostic. De façon inattendue, les biopsies cutanées ont révélé une papulose lymphomatoïde qui s’est résorbée grâce à des traitements antibiotiques contre la syphilis. Compte tenu de la résolution synchrone de l’infection syphilitique du patient et de ses lésions cutanées, il s’agit du premier rapport de résultats suggérant que la syphilis est une cause possible de papulose lymphomatoïde. Les cliniciens devraient apprécier la possibilité d’un diagnostic alternatif pour les présentations cutanées dans les contextes d’infections syphilitiques confirmées.
A Patient with An Acute Febrile Illness, Bilateral Pulmonary Infiltrates, Neurologic Symptoms, and a Corpus Callosal Lesion
Authors: Sam Davis , Lu Jesse , Walter Michaela
Published: May 2020

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Perioperative Medicine: A New Opportunity for General Internists and a New Feature for the Journal
Authors: Douketis James
Published: May 2020

N/A
La voix des internistes généraux canadiens
Authors: Douketis James
Published: May 2020

Message du editor-en-chef
COVID-19 and Canadian General Internists
Authors: Douketis James
Published: May 2020

In advance of our next issue of the Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine, we are disseminating work by Dr. Irene Ma and colleagues on use of POCUS for the management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 illness.
Back to Basics: Changes to the Residency Curriculum During a Pandemic
Authors: Mackinnon Blair Alecsa , Rohailla Sagar , Goffi Alberto , Sharma Malika
Published: May 2020

In the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompt changes are required from medical systems. Within Canadian academic institutions, this will mean a restructuring of residency programs of all specialties and at all levels of training. Rapid training in critical care procedures and models of patient care will be paramount to contend with the increasing numbers of critically-ill patients. Flexibility from staff physicians, residents, and medical students will be required to fill gaps in patient care. Finally, compassion for our co-workers throughout illness and isolation will be necessary to provide emotional support for one another.

ResumeAu plus fort de la pandémie COVID-19, des changements rapides sont nécessaires de la part des systèmes médicaux. Au sein des institutions universitaires canadiennes, cela signifiera la restructuration des programmes de résidence de toutes les spécialités et à tous les niveaux de formation. Une formation rapide aux procédures de soins intensifs et aux modèles de soins aux patients sera primordiale pour faire face au nombre croissant de patients gravement malades. La flexibilité des médecins du personnel, des résidents et des étudiants en médecine sera nécessaire pour combler les lacunes dans les soins aux patients. Enfin, la compassion envers nos collègues tout au long de la maladie et de l’isolement sera nécessaire pour se soutenir mutuellement sur le plan émotionnel.
Heart Failure in the Young: The Patient Perspective and Lived-Experience
Authors: Roston Thomas M. , Bains Marc , Code Jillianne , Virani Sean A.
Published: May 2020

Heart failure (HF) is an often-debilitating syndrome that carries a lifelong burden of increased morbidity and mortality. While most affected individuals are elderly with ischemic heart disease, there are subsets of younger individuals who will develop HF. In this group, non-ischemic causes of cardiomyopathy are more common, optimal therapies are less clear, and the personal and societal impact is often greater. The lived-experience of younger patients highlights several unmet needs not addressed by large HF trials that influence survival, personal and financial wellness and return to activities of daily living. In Canada, there is an increasing focus on the patient perspective, especially amongst young individuals, when devising guidelines, policies and promoting advocacy in HF. This article describes the lived-experience of HF through the case example of a young patient, summarizes the clinical challenges in this age-group, and discusses opportunities to elevate the patient experience of care as a performance indicator.
Managing Common Co-morbidities in Heart Failure
Authors: Sin Phyllis , Sanjanwala Rohan , Zieroth Shelley
Published: May 2020

Heart failure increases in prevalence with age and is usually associated with various cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities.  For common coexisting conditions such as renal dysfunction, anemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, important pathophysiologic links have been implicated between cardiac dysfunction and the underlying condition.  Indeed, the number and severity of comorbidities in the setting of heart failure is an important driver of prognosis.  By targeting the management of coexisting diseases, it may be possible to improve functional capacity, quality of life and perhaps even overall mortality in heart failure patients.  Recent clinical trial data has provided insights into cardio-renal interactions in acute heart failure, the impact of iron replacement therapy in iron deficient heart failure patients, and the role of pharmacologic therapies to prevent heart failure related events in high risk patients with type 2 diabetes.
Performance of Daily Disposable Contact Lenses in Symptomatic Wearers
Authors: Nick Joachim , Schwarz Stefan , Jarvinen Satu , Chalmers Ian , Kunnen Carolina
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the performance of delefilcon A water gradient and narafilcon A silicone hydrogel daily dispos-able contact lenses (CLs) in symptomatic soft CL wearers.

MethodsThis multicenter, open-label, crossover study randomized 121 soft CL wearers with symptoms of CL dis-comfort to delefilcon A or narafilcon A for 2 weeks, followed by the alternate lens for 2 weeks. Subjects rated end-of-day (EOD) comfort, EOD dryness, and quality of vision, and investigators rated fit, surface deposits, and surface wettability.

ResultsAfter 2 weeks, all subjective measures were better for delefilcon A than for narafilcon A, including EOD comfort (8.3 ± 1.9 vs. 6.6 ± 2.2), EOD dryness (8.0 ± 2.2 vs. 5.8 ± 2.6), and quality of vision (8.9 ± 1.4 vs. 7.9 ± 1.7), all p<.0001. Average daily wear time (DWT; 13.0 ± 2.8 vs. 12.3 ± 2.6 hr) and average comfort-able DWT (11.6 ± 3.9 vs. 9.3 ± 3.8 hr) were longer for delefilcon A lenses (p<.0001). The proportions of right and left lenses without front surface deposits were twofold higher for delefilcon A than for narafilcon A, and surface wettability was significantly higher for delefilcon A than for narafilcon A p<.0001).

ConclusionIn this population of symptomatic CL wearers, delefilcon A lenses showed superior subjective ratings for comfort, dryness, quality of vision, DWT, and comfortable DWT and better investigator-rated lens sur-face attributes including fewer surface deposits and superior wettability than did narafilcon A lenses after 2 weeks of wear.
Cosmetic Blepharitis
Authors: Darbandi Sarah
Published: May 2020

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease, and the importance here when discussing makeup is that it gets considered when treating these patients.  If we educate ourselves and our patients, we can empower them to make better decisions, that are better for their long-term eye health.
The “Anatomy” of Dry Eye Disease; A Clinical Introduction to the Attendees at Dry Eye University
Authors: Robben Jerry
Published: May 2020

Our goal at Dry Eye University is to help in creating a more unified approach in treating this complex disease in a real-world setting.