bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of ponicidin on CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain and its mechanism based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Wang Peng , Jiang Huiyi , Yao Jinzhong , He Guangting , Tao Tao , Qin Zaisheng
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Inflammation is a frequent precursor to the development of chronic pain. Ponicidin, a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, possesses immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether ponicidin mitigates inflammatory pain through its anti-inflammatory effects and potential target molecules remains to be further explored. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effects of ponicidin in a mouse model of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)—induced inflammatory pain and employed network pharmacology to predict the potential therapeutic targets of ponicidin for pain treatment.

Methods

Initially, we established a mouse model of inflammatory pain induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Following the establishment of the model, the analgesic effects of ponicidin were assessed using behavioral tests, and further validation was conducted through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence methods. Subsequently, we analyzed the potential analgesic targets of ponicidin using network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking.

Results

In this study, we observed that ponicidin has a significant alleviating effect on CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Our results suggest that ponicidin may alleviate inflammatory pain by reducing inflammatory responses in the spinal cord and hind paw of CFA model mice. Furthermore, we found that ponicidin can mitigate the activation of macrophages in the subcutaneous tissue of the hind paw and microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Network pharmacology analysis suggests that ponicidin may exert its analgesic effects through a multi-target, multi-pathway mechanism. Key transcription factors such as nuclear factor NF-κB p105 subunit (NFKB1), RELA, SP1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST) may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of ponicidin's analgesic action. Through molecular docking and experimental validation, we have identified toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) as key targets of ponicidin's analgesic effects.

Conclusions

Ponicidin alleviates inflammatory pain by reducing inflammatory responses in the spinal cord and hind paw of the CFA model mice. TLR4 and HIF1A may as key targets for the analgesic effects of ponicidin.
Pathogenesis of pepsin-induced gastroesophageal reflux disease with advanced diagnostic tools and therapeutic implications
Authors: Li Chong , Cao Xiwen , Wang Hongxia
Published: February 2025

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that significantly affects populations in both developing and developed countries. Due to both intrinsic pathology and extrinsic risk factors, the incidence of GERD has risen substantially in recent decades. This disorder results from an imbalance between the esophagus’s defensive mechanisms and the harmful effects of the refluxate. The pepsin, an enzyme secreted exclusively by the stomach, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of GERD due to its invasiveness effects in acidic environments. By thoroughly understanding the pathogenesis of pepsin-induced GERD, we could better address its diagnostic and therapeutic potential in clinical practice. Although current diagnostic tools are widely used, they have several limitations. As a result, researchers have increasingly focused on the salivary pepsin test, a novel diagnostic method that utilizes the specific pathological mechanisms of pepsin. To overcome the drawbacks of the currently used salivary pepsin test, fluorescence response detection has been integrated with other technologies. Beyond its diagnostic significance, pepsin in saliva may also serve as a target for GERD management in innovative clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in the diagnosis and management of GERD to improve patient outcomes.
Case report: Complete cast formation of the entire intrahepatic biliary tree
Authors: Wang Pusen , Zhong Lin , Zhao Dong
Published: February 2025

Biliary complications pose substantial challenges in liver transplantation (LT), particularly with regard to non-anastomotic strictures (NASs). Among these ischemic-type biliary complications, bile cast syndrome (BCS) is a particularly severe condition. Currently, there are limited data on the formation of complete hepatic casts in BCS. In this case report, we present a unique instance of a second LT involving the formation of a complete hepatic bile cast and discuss its diagnostic and therapeutic process. This case aims to enhance the understanding of the anatomical and pathological features of BCS.
The effects of cognitive-motor multitasking demands on the quality of chest compressions in CPR—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hirsch Patricia , Pears Kim , Klasen Martin , Kiefer Christoph , Koch Iring , Sopka Saša
Published: February 2025

Background

In standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rescuers switch between ventilation and chest compressions. We examined the effect of this task-switching requirement on chest-compression quality to gain insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying performance in standard CPR. Understanding these mechanisms can help in the development of evidence-based practical implications and cognitive aids for CPR.

Methods

A total of 300 first-year medical and dentistry students (212 females, 20.2 ± 4.4 years) participated in this randomized controlled trial. They received either a CPR training comprising both chest compressions and ventilation (standard CPR) or a CPR training comprising chest compressions only (chest-compression-only CPR). Chest-compression quality (compression depth and rate) was measured via a resuscitation manikin and analyzed using linear mixed models and linear trend analyses.

Results

Overall, chest-compression quality did not differ across standard CPR and chest-compression-only CPR. However, in standard CPR, compression quality was better after ventilation than before ventilation. Importantly, ventilation impaired the quality of the compressions executed immediately after ventilation, but the quality increased with each compression after ventilation, resulting in a better chest-compression quality after ventilation than before it.

Conclusions

This study suggests that ventilation acts as a break, improving physical capability, which in turn enhances compressions after ventilation. However, at the same time, ventilation causes a task switch which increases cognitive demands and impairs chest-compression quality immediately after ventilation. Considering the negative effect of the task-switching demand on chest-compression quality, it is useful to develop cognitive aids for professional medical care. Such cognitive aids can signal an upcoming switch to ventilation, thereby reducing the multitasking load in terms of reduced monitoring demands with respect to the number of chest compressions that have already been executed.
Oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid with intramuscular injection of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine enhances the adaptive immune system
Authors: Shin Seokwon , Kim Hyeong Won , Ko Mi-Kyeong , Park So Hui , Park Jong-Hyeon , Kim Su-Mi , Lee Min Ja
Published: February 2025

Background

Commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have several drawbacks, including a short duration of the immune response after vaccination and local adverse reactions at the vaccination site. Therefore, we developed a new vaccination strategy that simultaneously improves the health status of the host and stimulates systemic immunity by combining the oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and intramuscular injection of the FMD vaccine.

Methods

We evaluated the efficacy of the oral immune enhancer GA in conjunction with an intramuscular injection of the FMD vaccine. After vaccination, the experimental (mice) and target animals (pigs) were orally administered GA daily for 4 weeks and once a week for the next 4 weeks. Subsequently, we evaluated safety using various biochemical serum assays, the efficacy of inducing immune responses using serological assays, and the expression of genes related to systemic immunity induction.

Results

Oral administration of GA in combination with an intramuscular injection of the FMD vaccine enhanced early, mid-term, and long-term immunity in experimental and target animals. We also confirmed that this co-administration increased the expression of secretory IgA (sIgA), an important indicator of mucosal immunity. Additionally, significant gene elevations in systemic immune markers along with T helper (Th) immune responses were observed.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that combining the oral administration of GA with the intramuscular injection of an inactivated FMD vaccine can induce a potent and sustained immune response and stimulate the systemic immune system by promoting sIgA and cytokine gene expression. Our research can be used to enhance the efficacy of existing commercial vaccines as well as control other animal diseases by improving the host’s immune system.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and physical wellbeing of patients with motor neuron disease and other neuromuscular disease
Authors: Mazumder Srestha , Carroll Antonia S. , Timmins Hannah C. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Mahoney Colin J.
Published: February 2025

Background and aims

During the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable populations faced worsening mental and physical well-being due to limited access to support systems and diverted health resources during lockdowns. Individuals with chronic neurological disorders including motor neuron disease (MND), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) were at considerable risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the psychological and physical impact of lockdowns on individuals with MND and other chronic neuromuscular disorders (non-MND).

Methods

Online surveys were distributed to 58 patients, with information prospectively collected to capture demographics, COVID-19 concerns, resilience, loneliness, anxiety, and depression using validated measures. Disease severity and physical activity levels were also assessed. Data was analysed using Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square tests.

Results

MND patients consistently showed resilience regardless of their impairment level. In further support, those with non-MND conditions reported greater concern for their mental well-being and experienced significantly more loneliness than MND patients (p = 0.005). Moderately to highly impaired non-MND patients experienced higher levels of loneliness (p = 0.024), anxiety (p = 0.006), and depression (p < 0.001) compared to similarly impaired MND patients.

Conclusion

These results suggest that despite having a poorer prognosis, MND patients demonstrate resilience, possibly reflecting increased social and allied health support. Neurobehavioral differences may also contribute to differing illness beliefs and behaviours. In the event of future pandemic events, additional targeted social supports, recreational activities, and allied health interventions may have a greater impact in reducing distress for those with CIDP and MMN.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging parameters of lumbar paraspinal muscle impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 2 and their evolution with aging
Authors: Kokosova Viktoria , Krkoska Peter , Vlazna Daniela , Sladeckova Michaela , Dostal Marek , Kerkovsky Milos , Barusova Tamara , Ovesna Petra , Parmova Olesja , Matulova Katerina , Adamova Blanka
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging method in the diagnosis and monitoring of muscular dystrophies. This cross-sectional, comparative study aimed to evaluate quantitative MRI (qMRI) parameters of the lumbar paraspinal muscles (LPM) in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2), to assess their relationship with functional examination, and to evaluate their evolution with aging.

Methods

The study enrolled 37 DM2 patients and 90 healthy volunteers (HV) who were matched based on physiological parameters to create 35 pairs. Utilizing a 6-point Dixon gradient echo sequence MRI, fat fraction (FF), total muscle volume, and functional muscle volume (FMV) of the LPM and psoas muscle (PS) were obtained. Using correlation coefficients and regression models, the relationship between MRI and the maximal isometric lumbar extensor muscle strength (MILEMS) and lumbar extensor muscle endurance (LEME), and their evolution with age, were assessed.

Results

LPM showed significantly higher FF in DM2 patients compared to HV (21.3% vs. 11.3%, p-value <0.001). FMV of LPM correlated significantly with MILEMS (ρ = 0.5, p- value = 0.001) and FF with LEME (ρ = −0.49, p- value = 0.002) in DM2. No significant differences in the rate of deterioration in functional and morphological parameters of the LPM with age were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion

We demonstrated morphological correlates of lumbar extensor muscle dysfunction in DM2 patients. The qMRI parameters of LPM correlated with functional parameters but could not be used either as a reliable biomarker of lumbar extensor muscle impairment or as a biomarker of disease progression.
Optimizing event-driven spiking neural network with regularization and cutoff
Authors: Wu Dengyu , Jin Gaojie , Yu Han , Yi Xinping , Huang Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which are the next generation of artificial neural networks (ANNs), offer a closer mimicry to natural neural networks and hold promise for significant improvements in computational efficiency. However, the current SNN model is trained to infer over a fixed duration, thereby overlooking the potential for dynamic inference in the SNN model. In this paper, we strengthen the relationship between SNN and event-driven processing by proposing the inclusion of a cutoff in SNN, that can terminate SNN at any time during inference to achieve efficient inference. Two novel optimization techniques are presented to achieve an inference-efficient SNN: a Top-K cutoff and regularization. The proposed regularization influences the training process by optimizing the SNN for the cutoff, whereas the Top-K cutoff technique optimizes the inference phase. We conducted an extensive set of experiments on multiple benchmark frame-based datasets, such as CIFAR10/100, Tiny-ImageNet, and event-based datasets, including CIFAR10-DVS, N-Caltech101, and DVS128 Gesture. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in both the ANN-to-SNN conversion and direct training, enabling SNNs to require 1.76 to 2.76 × fewer timesteps for CIFAR-10, while achieving 1.64 to 1.95× fewer timesteps across all event-based datasets, with near-zero accuracy loss. These findings affirm the compatibility and potential benefits of the proposed techniques in terms of enhancing accuracy and reducing inference latency when integrated with existing methods. Code available: https://github.com/Dengyu-Wu/SNNCutoff.
Chemogenetic modulation of the rat locus coeruleus alters hippocampal noradrenaline release and modulates perforant path-evoked responses
Authors: Caestecker Sielke , Lescrauwaet Emma , Vonck Kristl , Sprengers Mathieu , Carrette Evelien , Boon Paul , Larsen Lars Emil , Raedt Robrecht
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The locus coeruleus (LC)—noradrenaline (NA) system plays a crucial role in modulating neuronal excitability and plasticity. In epilepsy, the LC-NA system plays an important role in regulating seizure thresholds and severity, with elevated NA release mediating the seizure-suppressing effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). We investigated whether chemogenetic LC activation is able to increase hippocampal NA release and affect hippocampal electrophysiology in anesthetized rats.

Methods

22 male Sprague—Dawley rats were injected with the viral vector AAV9-hSyn-NE2m in the hippocampus to induce expression of the GRABNE2m biosensor to locally measure changes in extracellular NA. 15/22 rats were injected with the CAV2-PRSx8-hM3Dq hSyn-mCherry viral vector in the LC to express the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq, allowing LC activation with deschloroclozapine (DCZ), and 7/22 with CAV2-PRSx8-GtACR2 as a control. A perforant path stimulation electrode and a dentate gyrus (DG) recording electrode were implanted for local field potential (LFP) and evoked potential (EP) recording as well as a DG optical fiber for GRABNE2m fluorescence measurement.

Results

In a significant number of rats (7/15) we found an increase in hippocampal NA release, field excitatory post synaptic potential (fEPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude, indicating an increase in excitatory neurotransmission and neuronal output. 4/15 rats showed a decrease in NA release without changes in fEPSP slope or PS amplitude, and 4/15 showed no change in NA release.

Discussion

These findings indicate that chemogenetic activation of the LC-NA system can modulate hippocampal evoked responses, supporting further exploration of its role in health and disease, such as in epilepsy.
Plasma exosomal miRNA expression and gut microbiota dysbiosis are associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lin Kaihao , Lin Wenxia , Guo Zhikai , Chen Cuihong , Chen Liang , Cai Xianbin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The gut microbiota composition and the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) differ significantly from those with normal cognition function. The study aimed to initially explore the relationship between plasma exosomal microRNAs, gut microbiota, and cognitive impairment, providing insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.

Methods

The study enrolled 8 participants with AD and 8 participants with normal cognition. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was utilized to evaluate cognitive function. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma exosomes, while metagenomic sequencing was employed to detect differences in the abundance of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the associations among them were analyzed.

Results

Four exosomal miRNAs and 14 microbiota taxa, which exhibited differential expression and abundance, respectively, in comparison between AD group and normal cognition group, were identified to be significantly associated with MMSE scores. Notably, the abundance of potential probiotics, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis and Roseburia inulinivorans, which was decreased in AD patients, exhibited positive correlations with specific exosomal miRNAs: Roseburia intestinalis correlated with miR-3120-3p and miR-6529-5p; Roseburia inulinivorans correlated with miR-3120-3p, miR-6529-5p and miR-124-3p; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii correlated with miR-3120-3p.

Discussion

The study revealed a close association among gut microbiota, plasma exosomal miRNAs, and cognitive impairment in AD, and suggested that specific components of gut microbiota and exosomal miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Reference values for the appendicular lean muscle index in healthy young Saudi women: a nutritional perspective
Authors: Alhussain Maha H. , Alamro Samar A. , Alghannam Abdullah F. , Alabdullatif Rawan A. , Alkahtani Shaea
Published: February 2025

Background

Sarcopenia refers to the age-related decline in muscle function, including muscle strength and muscle mass. It can be diagnosed using the appendicular lean muscle index (ALMI) for specific populations. However, reference values for the ALMI in Saudi women are lacking.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the ALMI reference values in young Saudi women using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The relationship between ALM and dietary intake was also investigated.

Methods

A total of 387 healthy young Saudi women, aged between 18 and 25 years, were included in this study. They were recruited through a convenience sampling method between October 2020 and June 2021. Body composition was assessed using BIA (Inbody 770). The ALMI was determined by calculating the sum of lean tissue in the arms and legs and dividing it by the height squared (ALM/h2). The cutoff value was calculated by deriving the −2 standard deviation (SD) value based on the participants’ data. A 24-h dietary recall was also conducted, and energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed.

Results

The mean ALM/h2 was 5.63 ± 0.77 kg/m2, and the mean ALM/ht2, −2 SD value was 4.09 kg/m2 for the young Saudi reference group. There were significant positive correlations between ALM and protein (g/day) (r = 0.15; p < 0.001), protein (%) (r = 0.16; p = 0.002), fiber (g/day) (r = 0.21; p < 0.001), and cholesterol (mg/day) (r = 0.14; p = 0.007). However, the ALM showed a significant negative correlation with carbohydrates (%) (r = − 0.11; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

These findings provide valuable reference values for evaluating ALM in patients with a variety of diseases that impact ALM. Furthermore, a cutoff value for low ALM may assist in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Saudi women and enhance our understanding of the effects of total dietary nutrient intake on sarcopenia.
Case report: The smallest 9p21.3 microdeletion involving CDKN2A but not CDKN2B causes multiple plexiform neurofibromas
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Xiang , Gao Haiming , Qiu Chuang , Liu Xiaoliang
Published: February 2025

Chromosome 9p21.3 is a locus associated with a rare autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by early-onset melanoma and a broad spectrum of neural system tumors. Two major tumor-suppressor genes, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A and 2B (CDKN2A and CDKN2B), as well as a large non-coding RNA ANRIL, are often co-deleted in the core region. Herein, we report a pregnant woman who had developed more than 20 plexiform neurofibromas since the age of 13 and experienced 11 times of surgical resections. No melanoma or other tumors were found. A germline 9p21.3 deletion involving CDKN2A and the first exon of ANRIL, but not CDKN2B, was identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by quantitative PCR. Prenatal diagnosis was performed through copy number variation-sequencing (CNV-seq), and the pregnancy was terminated with informed choice for an affected fetus. All the eight cases carrying germline 9p21.3 deletions were reviewed for genotype–phenotype correlation, showing that our case with the smallest deletion had plexiform neurofibroma only, and the two cases of Eastern Asian origin had no melanoma. Our data highlight 9p21.3 deletion as a potential differential diagnosis for neurofibroma and emphasize the importance of CNV analysis on the WES data wherein small deletions might be easily overlooked.
Differentiating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and autoimmune pancreatitis using a machine learning model based on ultrasound clinical features
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Chen Xiang , Chen Zhikui , Chen Weiji , Zheng Jianmei , Zhuo Minling , Chen Xing
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to construct a differential diagnostic model to distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA) using ultrasound clinical features and machine learning algorithms.

Methods

Retrospective ultrasound clinical data of patients with AIP and PDCA from three different centers were used as the training cohort, external validation cohort 1, and external validation cohort 2. Feature selection was conducted via variance filtering and LASSO regression, followed by the construction of a random forest (RF) model. The hyperparameters were optimized in the training cohort, and the final model was evaluated in the external validation cohorts. The model’s performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), the F1 score, accuracy, and area under curve(AUC). The clinical application value of the model was clarified through a comparison between humans and machines.

Results

An RF model was constructed using six features: Ca 19-9 level, abdominal pain, jaundice, focal/diffuse-type AIP, blood flow signals, and morphology. In external validation cohort 1, the model’s sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC were 86.0%, 80.0%, 81.0%, 86.0%, 84.0%, 83.0%, and 89.0%, respectively; in external validation cohort 2, these values were 72.0%, 94.0%, 93.0%, 77.0%, 81.0%, 83.0%, and 91.0%, respectively. The predictive performance of experienced radiologists using clinical information and ultrasound images demonstrated a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 79%, PPV of 78%, NPV of 76%, F1 score of 80%, and accuracy of 80%. For radiologists with intermediate experience, the sensitivity was 75%, specificity was 74%, PPV was 73%, NPV was 76%, F1 score was 74%, and accuracy was 75%. less experienced radiologist had a sensitivity of 55%, specificity of 56%, PPV of 62%, NPV of 49%, F1 score of 58%, and accuracy of 55%.

Conclusion

The RF model constructed using clinical ultrasound features achieved diagnostic levels comparable to those of experienced radiologists and can assist in differentiating AIP from PDCA, potentially guiding clinical practice.
Effects of Th1/Th17 and Th2 cytokines on lipid metabolism in differentiated keratinocytes
Authors: Cavallo Alessia , Camera Emanuela , Maiellaro Miriam , Bottillo Grazia , Mosca Sarah , Kovacs Daniela , Flori Enrica , Cardinali Giorgia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Abnormalities of keratinocyte differentiation and impairment of permeability barrier are features of inflammatory skin diseases driven by Th1/Th17 and Th2 immune response, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. We aimed at identifying the signature of the Th1/Th17 and Th2 environments on keratinocytes, focusing on the expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism and profiles of abundance of lipid metabolites.

Methods

Human immortalized keratinocytes in prodifferentiative conditions induced by increasing calcium concentration, and 3D epidermal equivalents were treated with mixtures either of TNF-α and IL-17A plus Th1-related cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6) or of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13). The expression of genes involved in epidermal differentiation and lipid metabolism was evaluated by RT-PCR at 2, 4 and 7 days of treatment. The protein levels of early and late keratinocyte differentiation markers were assessed. The lipid composition was investigated by GCMS and LCMS.

Results

Both Th1/Th17 and Th2 cytokine mixtures changed the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids (FAs), i.e., FAS, FADS2, SCD1, and ALOX12B. Th1/ Th17 downregulated the ELOVL3 gene, which is implicated in the FAs elongation, while the mRNA levels of ABCA12 and HMGCR, genes involved in lipids transport and cholesterol synthesis, respectively, were decreased with both cytokine mixtures. DEGS1 and DEGS2, key enzymes in the ceramide synthesis, were downregulated and upregulated in the Th1/Th17 and Th2 environments, respectively. The mRNA expression of CERS3, which synthesizes ceramides containing long chain FAs, was increased by Th1/Th17 cytokines. Both Th1/ Th17 and Th2 cytokine mixtures lowered the CERS6 mRNA levels in differentiated keratinocytes. Effects specific to Th1/Th17 or Th2 cytokines were observed on freely extractable cell lipids. Th1/Th17 cytokines significantly inhibited the high calcium-induced synthesis of phospholipids (PCs, PEs, SMs), and short-chain ceramides, while the synthesis of ceramides with medium to long carbon chains was upregulated. Th2 cytokines caused a generalized decrement of free FAs, including long-chain ones. In contrast to 2D cultures, the 3D epidermal equivalents allowed the identification of altered profiles of acyland hexosyl-ceramides.

Conclusion

The different effects exerted by Th1/Th17 and Th2 cytokines support, at least in part, the features of lipid barrier alterations specific to psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.
Differences between macrovascular and microvascular functions in pregnant women with chronic hypertension or preeclampsia: new insights into maternal vascular health
Authors: Kaihara Julyane N. S. , Grepi Okano Hellen Cristiane , Veiga Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda , Tallarico Gustavo Moleiro , Dias-Junior Carlos Alan , Cavalli Ricardo Carvalho , Sandrim Valeria Cristina
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including chronic hypertension (CH) and preeclampsia (PE), stand as prominent global contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathophysiology of these conditions. This dysfunction impacts blood flow and the regulation of vascular response, potentially leading to alterations in the remodeling of blood vessels. Nitric oxide bioavailability, a key regulator of vascular tone, is often diminished in endothelial dysfunction, with nitrite levels serving as a surrogate marker. Methods such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and peripheral arterial tonometry provide valuable insights into vascular health in large and small vessels, respectively, in hypertensive pregnancies. Among these, peripheral arterial tonometry stands out as a less explored technique in research. This study aimed to evaluate potential alterations in the macrovascular arterial stiffness and the microvascular endothelial function among pregnant women diagnosed with CH or PE compared to healthy pregnant (HP) women. Additionally, we aimed to correlate these vascular parameters with demographic and clinical data.

Methods

The study enrolled 24 HP women, 24 with CH during pregnancy, and 24 with PE who underwent evaluations of large-artery stiffness via PWV assessments and peripheral arterial tonometry via natural logarithm of the reactive hyperemia index (lnRHI) assessments.

Results

Patients with CH and PE exhibited higher large-artery stiffness than HP, although the lnRHI values remained comparable across all groups. Furthermore, PWV values demonstrated a direct correlation or tendency toward a positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) in all groups. However, PWV and nitrite concentrations were not correlated. Notably, microvascular function was positively correlated with SBP and DBP in PE, but not in CH or HP. The correlation between lnRHI and nitrite concentrations was observed in the PE group.

Conclusion

Thus, our findings indicate that, while HDPs have demonstrated increased large-artery stiffness in comparison to HP, the microvasculature analyzed by peripheral arterial tonometry was similar among all three groups. Interestingly, the correlation patterns in the nitrite levels, blood pressure, and microvascular function differed in the PE and CH groups.
Unconscious overtone manipulation and transmission in flute performance: insights into musical expression and perception
Authors: Hiraiwa Kai , Miura Masanobu
Published: February 2025

This study aims to elucidate the overtone structure of the flute, examine the impact of acoustic parameter alterations on timbre perception, and foster a shared vocabulary among players and listeners. Employing principal component analysis (PCA) and listening experiments, the investigation delves into the ways in which players subconsciously adjust timbre and the manner in which these adjustments are perceived by listeners. The analysis concentrated on overtone components up to the fifth overtone (5f0) utilizing flute long-tones. PCA revealed that the first principal component (PC1) predominantly captured variations in the overall strength of overtones, whereas PC2 and PC3 were indicative of a balance around specific overtones. Furthermore, the coordinates of PC1, PC2 and PC3 for sounds deliberately produced with varying timbres were found to diverge. This finding indicates that the flute's timbre is influenced by both the overall loudness and the balance of overtones, and that players modify the overtone structure for expressive purposes. A listening experiment involving 28 participants ascertained that listeners were capable of distinguishing between different timbres, revealing significant differences in the percentage of coincident judgment based on the player and the musical register. Notably, professional players were more adept at conveying the intended timbre to the listener, and the middle register was identified as having the greatest potential for expressive variation.
An ecological approach to caregiver burnout: interplay of self-stigma, family resilience, and caregiver needs among mothers of children with special needs
Authors: Tang Catherine So-Kum , Yu Isaac Chun-Yeung , Ng Kai-hang , Kwok Helen Sin-Hang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Using an ecological framework, this study investigated how individual perceptions (self-stigma), family dynamics (family resilience), and external support systems (caregiver needs) interacted with each other to impact caregiver burnout among mothers of children with special needs (SN) in Hong Kong.

Methods

A total of 250 Chinese mothers of children with SN in Hong Kong completed an online survey.

Results

Pearson correlation analyses indicated that high levels of caregiver burnout were significantly related to high levels of self-stigma, high levels of unmet caregiver needs, and low levels of family resilience. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant main effects and a 3-way interaction effect of these three factors on caregiver burnout. The significant 3-way (self-stigma X family resilience X caregiver needs) interaction effect showed that in conditions of low self-stigma, the highest level of caregiver burnout was found among mothers with low family resilience and high caregiver needs. Conversely, in conditions of high self-stigma, the highest level of burnout was observed among mothers with high family resilience and high caregiver needs.

Discussion

The findings of this study underscore the necessity of a holistic and culturally sensitive approach to effectively reducing the caregiving burden among Chinese mothers of children with SN. Addressing caregiver burnout in these mothers requires simultaneous efforts to reduce self-stigma through psychological support, educate families to manage expectations and alleviate pressure, and enhance society resources to meet caregiver needs.
The influence of sensation seeking on college student sports lottery purchasing behavior: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Wang Kanglin , Qiu Fen
Published: February 2025

Objective

The study aims to explore how sensation seeking relates to college students sports lottery purchasing behavior, mediated by fear of missing out and moderated by perceived risk.

Methods

A study surveyed 409 college students using various scales to assess sensation seeking, sports lottery purchasing behavior, fear of missing out, and perceived risk. Data analysis included descriptive stats, t-tests, partial correlations, mediation and moderation effects, and Bootstrap testing to understand the psychological drivers behind sports lottery purchases among students.

Results

(1) Sensation seeking significantly and positively predicted college students sports lottery purchasing behavior; (2) Fear of missing out played a partial mediating effect in the influence of sensation seeking on college students sports lottery purchasing behavior; (3) Perceived risk had a moderating effect in the second half of the path of the mediating effect of fear of missing out.

Conclusion

The study concludes that sensation seeking directly affects college students sports lottery purchasing behavior, mediated by fear of missing out. The mediating effect is moderated by perceived risk, highlighting the complexity of psychological factors in risk-taking behaviors. This insight calls for tailored interventions addressing these multifaceted factors.
Water polo coaches believe they gain an advantage by calling time-out before playing power-play, but is that really true?
Authors: Lupo Corrado , Li Volsi Damiano , Brustio Paolo Riccardo , Ungureanu Alexandru Nicolae
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of time-out on power-play outcomes both in elite senior and youth matches and in relation to final (margin of victory, MoV) and current (margin of advantage, MoA) match scores (i.e., winning in unbalanced games, MW; winning-draw-losing in close games, W-D-L; losing in unbalanced games, ML).

Materials and methods

A total of 97 (seniors, n = 50; youth, n = 47) European Championship matches were analyzed, comparing power-plays preceded or not by a time-out in relation to the following offensive indicators: goal, exclusion, penalty, and no-goal.

Results

The results reported that both senior and youth levels have been characterized by better power-play outcomes without time-out (higher goals scored: senior, p ≤ 0.01, youth, p ≤ 0.001; and lower “no goal” events: p ≤ 0.01, youth, p ≤ 0.01). Similar trends were observed with respect to the MoV. Specifically, in senior close games, there were both significantly higher goals scored (p ≤ 0.05) and fewer ‘no goal’ events (p ≤ 0.05), and these patterns were also evident among youth losing teams in unbalanced games. Differently, for MoA, both higher goals scored (p ≤ 0.01) and lower “no goal” events (p ≤ 0.01) emerged for senior losing teams in unbalanced games and youth close games (higher goals scored, p ≤ 0.01; and lower “no goal” events, p ≤ 0.05).

Discussion

Therefore, the present study demonstrated that time-out tends to limit the success of the following power-play action and that MoV and MoA approaches do not overlap. As a consequence, coaches could benefit from these findings by being more aware of the actual time-out consequences on the following power-play as well as their defensive potentialities when the opponents call time-out.
The impact of high-intensity interval training on anxiety: a scoping review
Authors: Wang Yidan , Zhang Xiaotu , Zhang Ye , Zhang Hongshi
Published: February 2025

Background

In recent years, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained significant attention due to its efficient use of time. Studies have shown that engaging in regular physical activity can effectively reduce symptoms of anxiety. Given the potential side effects and limitations associated with pharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders, there is a growing interest in exploring non-pharmacological interventions. HIIT, as an alternative approach, offers a promising avenue for managing anxiety without relying on medication. However, the specific efficacy and applicability of HIIT for individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders have not been systematically summarized in the literature. This scoping review aims to explore the effectiveness of HIIT as an intervention for improving anxiety symptoms, as well as its range of applicability, by synthesizing existing research.

Methods

A scoping review methodology was employed to search databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and quasi-experimental designs focusing on the improvement of anxiety, using HIIT as the primary intervention. Exclusion criteria included studies with mixed interventions or populations with comorbid conditions. Two independent evaluators screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracted data using a pre-tested form, and resolved discrepancies through discussion to ensure consistency and accuracy.

Results

A total of 541 articles were identified, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria for this review. The samples comprised various populations, including healthy subjects, overweight males, prostate cancer patients, etc. Twelve studies indicated that HIIT significantly improves anxiety symptoms, especially for individuals with lower baseline anxiety. The effect was less pronounced in those with higher baseline anxiety. Additionally, the studies suggest that variations in training protocols—such as frequency, intensity, and duration—may influence the extent to which HIIT improves anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

This study underscores the potential of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as an effective intervention for reducing anxiety symptoms, especially when tailored to individual baseline characteristics. Variations in training parameters such as frequency, intensity, and duration are critical factors in optimizing HIIT’s effectiveness for mental health benefits.HIIT shows promise as a valuable tool for managing anxiety, with the potential to significantly improve mental health outcomes when implemented with careful consideration of individual differences and protocol variations. This study provides a foundation for refining HIIT protocols and expanding their applicability across diverse populations.
Unlocking potential: innovative “private-non-profit” partnership for empowering children with disabilities in resource-limited settings in Nepal
Authors: Banskota Bibek , Bhusal Rajan , Yadav Prakash Kumar , Baidya Jagdish Lal , Banskota Ashok Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background

Physical disabilities affect approximately 240 million children globally, with limited access to comprehensive care in resource-constrained settings. In Nepal, an estimated 2% of children under 16 experience physical disabilities, facing significant barriers to healthcare access, education, and social integration. Traditional healthcare models often struggle to provide affordable, accessible, and sustainable care for these children.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of an innovative private-nonprofit partnership model between the Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled Children (HRDC) and B&B Hospital in Nepal, designed to provide comprehensive care for children with physical disabilities in resource-limited settings.

Methods

The study analyzes a 40-year experience implementing a unique healthcare delivery model combining HRDC’s non-profit expertise with B&B Hospital’s private sector resources. The model integrates four key components: identification through mobile camps and community outreach, comprehensive medical treatment, rehabilitation services, and social reintegration programs.

Results

The partnership achieved a 62% reduction in treatment costs compared to private healthcare institutions. Over 40 years, HRDC has performed more than 55,000 surgeries, benefiting over 116,000 children surgically. The program has distributed 100,000+ assistive devices, raised disability awareness among 1.5 million+ people, and trained over 700 primary rehabilitation therapists. The model’s community-based approach has enabled coverage of all 77 districts in Nepal through rotating mobile clinics.

Conclusion

The HRDC-B&B partnership demonstrates that private-nonprofit collaboration can effectively address healthcare barriers for children with physical disabilities in resource-limited settings. The model’s success in combining cost efficiency, quality care, and community integration provides a replicable framework for similar interventions in other developing countries. Key factors for success include diverse funding sources, strong community engagement, and integrated service delivery under one roof.
Association of mental health status with perceived barriers to healthy diet among Bangladeshi adults: a quantile regression-based approach
Authors: Hasan A. B. M. Nahid , Kundu Satyajit , Jahan Ishrat , Basak Tapu , Hasan Mahamudul , Sharif Azaz Bin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Maintaining a healthy diet is essential for both physical and mental well-being. This study investigated the association of mental health status with perceived barriers to maintaining healthy diets among Bangladeshi adults.

Method

This cross-sectional study was conducted between January to June 2023 in Bangladesh. A total of 400 adults aged between 18 and 60 years who reside in Dhaka, Chattogram, and Gazipur cities were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions adapted from previous literature was used to assess barriers to healthy diets. Mental health status was measured using the validated DASS-21 scale. A quantile regression-based approach was used to ascertain the association between mental health status and barriers to healthy diets.

Results

The five most frequently reported barriers to a healthy diet were the use of junk food as a reward or treat (56.25%), difficulty in controlling eating habits when with friends (56%), the cost of healthy food (44.5%), difficulty in taking healthy food at work (46.5%), and difficult to stay motivated to eat healthy food (25%). The study found that gender, marital status, living arrangement, working hours, and family monthly income were significantly associated with perceived barriers to healthy diets. Mental health status was observed to be associated with barriers to healthy diet scores. Depression (β =0.34, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.51) and anxiety (β =0.14, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.28) were significantly associated with perceived barrier scores at the 50th quantile. Stress was also significantly associated with perceived barrier scores at the 10th (β =0.18, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.27) and the 25th quantiles (β =0.12, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.21).

Conclusion

In light of the findings, it is imperative to prioritize the advocacy of policies that integrate mental health services and stress management strategies into public health initiatives.
The impact of health literacy on smoking patterns among male residents: insights from Ningbo City
Authors: Tao Zhenbo , Xu Qianqian , Zhu Yingying , Jin Qiuyan , Chen Lingwei , Ding Shige , Zhao Shuning , Dong Ying
Published: February 2025

Background

This study examined the associations between health literacy and smoking behaviors among residents in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China, investigating both the impact of health literacy on smoking prevalence and intensity, and its potential role in smoking cessation interventions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2,948 male participants in the 2023 Health Literacy and Tobacco Use Surveillance Survey. We applied logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses to assess the association between health literacy and smoking behaviors, adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and self-reported health status.

Results

Our findings indicate that higher levels of health literacy are associated with significantly lower rates of smoking (OR = 0.643, 95%CI = 0.528, 0.783) and daily cigarette consumption (β = −1.938, 95%CI = −3.649, −0.228). Non-smokers with higher health literacy were more likely to discourage others from smoking (OR = 1.464, 95%CI = 1.096, 1.955), underscoring health literacy’s crucial role in smoking prevention and control. A nonlinear relationship between health literacy and smoking behavior was identified.

Conclusion

Health literacy significantly influences smoking behavior, with higher literacy levels associated with reduced smoking prevalence and intensity. These findings support incorporating health literacy enhancement into comprehensive smoking cessation strategies.