bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Background on Moral Hazard Management in Banks
Authors: Anh Nguyen Khoa Duc
Published: September 2023

The article focuses on researching the theoretical framework for moral hazard management in banks. With the desk research methodology, the content focuses on researching the overview of the concept and the causes of moral hazard, study of the theoretical literature related to moral hazard management and moral hazard management models in banks.
Benthic habitat mapping: A review of three decades of mapping biological patterns on the seafloor
Authors: Misiuk Benjamin , Brown Craig
Published: September 2023

What is benthic habitat mapping, how is it accomplished, and how has that changed over time? We query the published literature to answer these questions and synthesize the results quantitatively to provide a comprehensive review of the field over the past three decades. Categories of benthic habitat maps are differentiated unambiguously by the response variable (i.e., the subject being mapped) rather than the approaches used to produce the map. Additional terminology in the literature is clarified and defined based on provenance, statistical criteria, and common usage. Mapping approaches, models, data sets, technologies, and a range of other attributes are reviewed based on their application, and we document changes to the ways that these components have been integrated to map benthic habitats over time. We found that the use of acoustic remote sensing has been surpassed by optical methods for obtaining benthic environmental data. Although a wide variety of approaches are employed to ground truth habitat maps, underwater imagery has become the most common validation tool – surpassing physical sampling. The use of empirical machine learning models to process these data has increased dramatically over the past 10 years, and has superseded expert manual interpretation. We discuss how map products derived from these data and approaches are used to address ecological questions in the emerging field of seascape ecology, and how remote sensing technologies and field survey logistics pose different challenges to this research field across benthic ecosystems from intertidal and shallow sublittoral regions to the deep ocean. Outstanding challenges are identified and discussed in context with the trajectory of the field.
Combined genomic and imaging techniques show intense arsenic enrichment caused by detoxification in a microbial mat of the Dead Sea shore
Authors: Thomas Camille , Filella Montserrat , Ionescu Danny , Sorieul Stephanie , Pollier Clement , Oehlert Amanda , Zahajska Petra , Gedulter Nuphar , Agnon Amotz , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Ariztegui Daniel
Published: September 2023

Microbial mats and microbialites are essential tools for reconstructing early life and its environments. To better understand microbial trace element cycling, a microbial mat was collected from the sinkhole systems of the western shores of the Dead Sea, a dynamic environment exhibiting diverse extreme environments. Intense arsenic enrichment (up to 6.5 million times higher than current water concentrations, and 400 times the bulk concentration in the mat) was measured. Arsenic was dominantly found as As(V) in organic molecules, as shown by XANES spectra and high-resolution elemental mapping. Arsenic cycling genes obtained from metagenomic analysis were associated with arsenic detoxification, supporting an active mechanism of As(V) uptake, As(III) efflux and organo-arsenic accumulation in microbial mat extracellular polymeric substances. Thus, we propose that such localized enrichment of As can be attributed to a transient increase in As(V) concentrations in the circulating subsurface water of the Dead Sea shore and its subsequent incorporation in organoarsenic molecules through microbial detoxification processes. Our dataset supports the possibility of metalloid enrichments recorded in very localized facies due to rapid geogenic fluctuations in chemistry of the water flowing over a biofilm. In this context, this example calls for caution when interpreting metal(loid) enrichment in organic matter-rich layers and microbialites of Paleoproterozoic origins. Arsenic signatures in Precambrian organic matter and carbonate rocks may host biosignatures, including evidence of extracellular polymeric susbtances, As-binding and detoxification processes, without supporting arsenotrophy. They do, however, provide clues to better assess paleoenvironmental conditions at the time of microbial mat formation and sedimentation.
No harmful effect of propranolol administered prior to fear memory extinction in rats and humans
Authors: Luyten Laura , Chalkia Anastasia , Schnell Anna Elisabeth , Özcan Burcu , Leng Lu , Schroyens Natalie , Van Oudenhove Lukas , vanpaemel wolf , Beckers Tom
Published: September 2023

Exposure therapy is an evidence-based treatment option for anxiety-related disorders, but benzodiazepines have been reported to undermine its effects. This aligns with observations in the laboratory, where these anxiolytics were shown to impair the establishment of safety memories in fear conditioning procedures. Similar evidence is available for propranolol, a beta-blocker.Here, we investigated the effects of propranolol given prior to extinction training in 9 rat studies (N = 215) and one human study (N = 72). A Bayesian meta-analysis of all rat studies provided strong evidence against a harmful effect of propranolol on extinction retention during a drug-free test, and in the human study there was no significant difference with placebo. Two of the rat studies actually suggested a small beneficial effect of propranolol. Two rat studies that also included a midazolam group provided some evidence for a harmful effect of this benzodiazepine on extinction memory.In conclusion, our midazolam findings are in line with prior literature (i.e., a detrimental effect on extinction retention), but this is not the case for the 10 studies with propranolol. Our data thus support caution regarding the use of benzodiazepines during exposure therapy, but argue against a harmful effect of propranolol on extinction learning.
Is "Neutral" Really Neutral? Mid-point Ratings in the Affective Norms English Words (ANEW) May Mask Ambivalence
Authors: Anvari Farid , Bachmann Jacqueline , Sanchez-Burks Jeffrey , Schneider Iris K.
Published: September 2023

The Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) is a stimulus set that provides researchers with English language words that have been pre-rated on bipolar scales for valence, dominance, and arousal. Researchers rely on these pre-ratings to ensure that the words they select accurately reflect the affective responses these words elicit. Each word has a valence rating reflecting the degree to which people experience the word as positive or negative, with midpoint ratings on this scale presumably reflecting neutrality. However, neutral words tend to vary substantially in arousal, suggesting that not all neutral words are the same. Some researchers account for this by using the bipolar valence ratings in conjunction with the arousal ratings, selecting low-arousal neutral words when neutrality is what they seek. We argue that the varying levels of arousal in neutral words is due to varying levels of ambivalence. However, the idea that midpoint valence ratings for ANEW stimuli may hide varying levels of ambivalence has not yet been examined. This article provides evidence that words in the ANEW that appear neutral actually vary markedly in the levels of ambivalence they elicit and that this is related to their levels of arousal. These findings are relevant for research, past and present, that use the ANEW because ambivalence has different psychological consequences than neutrality, and therefore complicates the ability to draw clear inferences and maintain experimental control.
Full mouth rehabilitation of young adults with oligodontia: Two case reports emphasizing implantology, prosthodontics, and restorative intervention
Authors: Chu Seng Boon , Ooi Huay Shuan
Published: September 2023

Oligodontia, a severe form of hypodontia characterized by the absence of multiple permanent teeth, presents considerable challenges in dental treatment. Successful management of this condition requires early detection and a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. While the complete restoration of missing teeth is typically postponed until all permanent teeth have erupted or after orthodontic therapy, it is crucial to consider additional factors such as the patient's oral hygiene status, socioeconomic circumstances, and long-term maintenance therapy for achieving optimal treatment outcomes. This case reports showcase the effective treatment of oligodontia in two young male patients: a 17-year-old Chinese individual and a 19-year-old Caucasian individual. These cases serve to emphasize the significance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary collaboration, and personalized treatment planning in addressing the challenges posed by oligodontia. Although orthodontic intervention was not pursued in the presented cases, it is important to recognize its integral role in the overall treatment of oligodontia. The restoration of missing dentition has a profound positive impact on aesthetics, function, and the overall quality of life. The presented cases underscore the importance of early intervention and sustained motivation throughout the treatment process. By emphasizing the value of early detection, comprehensive teamwork, and individualized treatment approaches, clinicians can strive to achieve optimal outcomes for patients with oligodontia.
A Regression Analysis for Predicting Surgical Complications
Authors: Binti Ahmad Madani Anis Zahirah , Binti Mohamad Pauzi Nur Hanani , Binti Ahmad Radzi Nur Iwana , Binti Wan Tarmizi Wan Nurul Adibah , Wani Sharyar , Olowolayemo Akeem
Published: September 2023

A surgical complication is any undesirable and unexpected result of an operation. Surgical complications could be fatal to a patient if they are not detected earlier. One of the factors that could affect the severity of the complication is the time between a patient's diagnosis and the surgery. The patient might be at risk if the doctor misdiagnoses them or concludes that the patient has no severe symptoms. This paper aims to study the correlation between post-surgical conditions & time duration with possible surgical complications. Using regression analysis, the research intends to evaluate predictive possibilities of early discovery of these complications. The results reveal that the Gradient Boosting Regressor performs with minimal error rate and predicts almost all complications in line with the original data, measured across MAE, RMSE and R2 with scores of 0.07, 0.11 and 0.98 respectively. In comparison to Random Forest Regressor and Decision Tree Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor performs 70-80% efficiently across the three major aforementioned metrics on average. Thus, presenting itself as a valuable tool for finding the correlations in surgical data and early intervention of possible surgical complications.
Earthquake swarm near Great Sand Dunes, Colorado, investigated with temportary seismic network and machine learning sesmic phase analysis
Authors: Kyren Bogolub , Bell Jackson P. , Chon Enrique R. , Kirkham Robert M. , Sheehan Anne F.
Published: September 2023

In November of 2018, residents living in the Zapata Subdivision south of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve reported hearing and feeling multiple small earthquakes. Reports of additional earthquakes continued, escalating in late February of 2019, when the USGS recorded over 27 magnitude 0.9 and larger earthquakes over a two-day period. Subdivision residents became concerned that these could be foreshocks to a future, larger earthquake. To further study these earthquakes, we installed a temporary network of seismometers in the area during 2019 and used a convolution neural network seismic phase picker along with the GLASS3 associator to detect over 700 earthquakes in a 3.5-month period during the earthquake swarm. The earthquakes were located using a regional velocity model and a double-difference algorithm. The Northern Sangre de Cristo Fault (NSCF) cuts through the subdivision at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Based on geologic evidence, it is one of the most active faults in Colorado but has been nearly aseismic historically. Initially, minor movement on the NSCF was suspected of being the geologic source of the earthquakes. However, nearly all recorded epicenters lie east of the trace of west-dipping fault and are not located on it. Instead, the earthquake epicenters define a narrow, linear, east-west-trending zone that projects eastward across the entire Northern Sangre de Cristo Range and into the headwaters of the Huerfano River Valley. We propose several possible geologic sources for the earthquakes including several mapped, but unnamed faults. Available evidence for any particular source in this geologically complex area is not conclusive. Additional geologic and geophysical investigations are needed to better understand the geology of the earthquake swarm and its implications for seismic hazards.
Taniatrechus xeniae sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini), the second species of the most specialised troglobitic carabid genus of the Caucasus
Authors: Belousov I.A. , Koval A.G.
Published: September 2023

Taniatrechus xeniae sp. nov., the second species of the genus, is described from Prostornaya Cave in the central part of the Bzyb Mountain Range, Abkhazia. A comparative study of all available specimens of the genus is carried out using both linear morphometrics (indices) and geometric morphometrics: generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA), principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical variate analysis (CVA). This study allowed us to estimate infraspecific variation in the external morphology of T. setosus Belousov et Dolzhansky, 1994, on the one hand, and to reveal reliable diagnostic features that distinguish between the two species, on the other. The diagnosis and description of the genus are completed to include the new species and variation found in the type species. Some characters were also described more accurately or corrected based on more abundant material. The major morphological features of Taniatrechus spp. are photographed, their geographic distribution is mapped, and new data on living conditions of the genus are provided. The members of the genus seem to be the most specialised hypogean Trechini in the Caucasus, with the deepest finding ever reported for Coleoptera (one specimen of T. setosus was found at a level of 1,800 m below the cave entrance). In view of recent discoveries in highlands, the subterranean layer suitable for living of hypogean insects may reach more than three km thick in intensively folded karst areas. Thus, the hypogean life is much more widespread than previously thought. Prostornaya Cave, the type locality of T. xeniae sp. nov., is described for the first time.
POTTERY FROM THE TOMB OF KAEMNEFRET IN GIZA: TO THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ORIGINAL AND SECONDARY BURIAL STRUCTURES
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Malykh Svetlana E.
Published: September 2023

В статье анализируется керамический материал, обнаруженный в ходе археологических исследований скальной гробницы древнеегипетского чиновника Каемнефрета (LG 63), расположенной на северовосточной оконечности Восточного плато некрополя Гиза. Исследования проводились в 2015–2019 гг. силами Российской археологической экспедиции Института востоковедения РАН. В результате была собрана репрезентативная коллекция керамических сосудов от середины 3‑го тыс. до н. э. до современности, иллюстрирующая различные этапы бытования памятника. В эпоху Древнего царства и Позднего периода назначение вырубленных в скале помещений гробницы было погребальным: они использовались для оригинальных и вторичных захоронений, однако пережили несколько проникновений древних грабителей. Начиная с греко-римского времени гробница стала служить временным жилищем, периодически подвергаясь очередным ограблениям, в результате которых заполнение пяти погребальных шахт было перемешано, захоронения сильно повреждены или полностью разрушены, а в комплексы попали фрагменты поздних керамических изделий бытового назначения, включая черепки римских и византийских винных амфор, средневековый кувшин-фильтр для воды и др. Тем не менее по косвенным признакам удается отнести часть более раннего материала — Древнего царства (XXVIII–XXII вв. до н. э.) и Позднего периода (664–332 гг. до н. э.) к оригинальному погребальному инвентарю и, соответственно, определить время его появления — вторая половина V и VI династии (ок. XXIV–XXII вв. до н. э.) для оригинальных погребений и саисское (664–525 гг. до н. э.) и персидское время (525–332 гг. до н. э.) для вторичных
RUSSIA-PAKISTAN PHILOSOPHICAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Stepanyants Marietta T.
Published: September 2023

Пакистанские философы инициировали общение с коллегами из СССР до двухстороннего мартовского соглашения 1961 г. по развитию двухсторонних экономических связей, за которым последовало развитие научно-технических и культурных контактов во 2-й половине 60-х гг. За два месяца до упомянутого соглашения Институтом философии АН СССР было получено приглашение принять участие в работе Пакистанского философского конгресса (11—14 января 1961, Карачи). Автору данной статьи посчастливилось быть членом делегации. Он делится своим личным опытом встреч с пакистанскими философами и интеллектуалами на Восьмом и Двенадцатом философских конгрессах (1965, Лахор), на праздновании 100-летнего юбилея знаменитого Восточного колледжа (Lahore Oriental College), на международных конференциях, конгрессах и форумах в Великобритании, Греции, Египте, Иране, Канаде, США, СССР... При этом выделены две фигуры: основатель Пакистанского философского конгресса, создатель всемирно известной многотомной энциклопедии исламской философии Мухаммад М. Шариф и сенатор Джавед Икбал, сын Мухаммада Икбала, получивший блестящее философское и правовое образование (Университет Кембриджа), член Верховного суда Пакистана, член Сената (Верхней палаты парламента Пакистана). Особое место в статье уделено поэту-философу Мухаммаду Икбалу, который был и остается для пакистанцев «духовным отцом». Значимость его проекта реконструкции религиозной мысли ислама позволяет считать его самым просвещенным мыслителем ХХ века, влияние идей которого сохранится и будет возрастать в трансформирующемся мире в целом и мусульманском в особенности.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “MONGOLIAN INDEPENDENCE AND THE MONGOL–RUSSIAN TREATY OF 1912”
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Kuzmin Sergius L.
Published: September 2023

В 2022 г. исполнилось 110 лет Русско-Монгольскому соглашению (или договору) 1912 г. – первому международному договору в новой истории независимой Монголии. Данным соглашением Россия официально признала Монголию и ее правительство, признала государственность Монголии. Это соглашение положило начало дипломатическим отношениям новой Монголии и России. В связи с данным соглашением в г. Улан-Батор, Монголия, прошла международная конференция, посвященная этому событию. Приводятся краткие сведения о прошедшей конференции.
The management of symptomatic hyperostotic bilateral spheno-orbital meningiomas: patient series
Authors: Harris Lauren , Bal Jarnail S , Drosos Evangelos , Matloob Samir , Roberts Nicola Y , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Pathmanaban Omar , Evans Gareth , King Andrew T , Rutherford Scott A , Pollock Jonathan , Shoakazemi Alireza
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The occurrence of hyperostotic bilateral spheno-orbital meningiomas (BSOMs) is very rare. Patients present with bilateral symptoms and require bilateral treatment. This series describes 6 patients presenting to 2 UK neurosurgical units and includes a literature review. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest series documented.

OBSERVATIONS

This is a retrospective review of patients with BSOMs presenting between 2006 and 2023. Six females, whose mean age was 43 (range: 36–64) years, presented with features of visual disturbance. Bilateral sphen-oorbital meningiomas were identified. All patients underwent bilateral staged resections. The patients had an initial improvement in their symptoms. Extensive genetic testing was performed in 4 patients, with no variants in the NF2, LZTR1, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and SMARCA4 genes or other variants detected. The mean follow-up was 100.3 (range: 64–186) months. Sixty-seven percent of patients had good long-term visual acuity. The progression rate was 75% and was particularly aggressive in 1 patient. Four patients required radiation therapy, and 2 needed further surgery.

LESSONS

Hyperostotic BSOMs are extensive, challenging tumors causing significant disability. They can recur, with significant patient impact. Multidisciplinary management and indefinite long-term follow-up are essential. The biology of these tumors remains unclear. As molecular testing expands, the understanding of BSOM oncogenesis and potential therapeutic targets is likely to improve.
Spinal arteriovenous malformation with a calcified nodule: illustrative case
Authors: Liu Ping-Chuan , Huang Chung-Chia , Chen Ching-Lin
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

This article describes a rare case of cervical spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) mimicking a neurogenic spinal tumor.

OBSERVATIONS

A 22-year-old female presenting with a C6–7 AVM with a calcification nodule experienced new-onset acute right upper radiculopathy associated with extradural compression of the spinal cord. Note that spinal AVMs with a calcified nodule are rare. Endovascular embolization is generally used to relieve the symptoms of AVM; however, this procedure cannot relieve cord compression, particularly in cases complicated by calcified nodules. This article discusses treatment options.

LESSONS

Decompression surgery is preferable to endovascular embolization because it alleviates symptoms while preventing cord compression and minimizing the risk of recurrence.
Transformasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Inklusi Sosial pada Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Tania Yesika Eva
Published: September 2023

Social inclusion is a process of developing capacities for individuals and groups to participate in society. The purpose of this research was conducted to find out how the form of social inclusion-based library transformation activities, the supporting factors, and the constraints faced. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection in this study using observation, interviews, and documentary techniques. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Data validation techniques using increasing persistence, triangulation, holding member checks. The results showed that the Library and Archives Service of West Kalimantan Province held library activities based on social inclusion with two strategies, namely increasing information services and involving the community. Factors that support social inclusion-based library activities are budget, human resources and, following technological developments. The obstacles faced are the community and the budget.
Analisis Pemenuhan Fungsi Rekreasi Bagi Pemustaka Pada Perpustakaan Umum Kabupaten Solok
Authors: Oktadiani Illa
Published: September 2023

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini ialah pemustaka pada Perpustakaan Umum Kabupaten Solok belum mengetahui adanya fungsi rekreasi perpustakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi pemustaka dan pustakawan mengenai fungsi rekreasi, pemanfaatan perpustakaan sebagai wahana rekreasi bagi pemustaka, dan kendala dalam pelaksanaan pemenuhan fungsi rekreasi bagi pemustaka di Perpustakaan Umum Kabupaten Solok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah memadukan analisis data Miles dan Huberman dengan Spradley dan Yin. Penjaminan keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber, metode, dan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rekreasi di perpustakaan adalah untuk refreshing, menghilangkan kebosanan dan rasa jenuh, serta memberikan kenyamanan dan hiburan ke pemustaka, kemudian mencari kesenangan dengan memanfaatkan koleksi pustaka yang diminati. Sarana pemenuhan fungsi rekreasi terdiri dari koleksi buku yang didominasi kelas 700 dan 800, layanan internet dan komputer serta kegiatan membaca nyaring atau read aloud. Kendala dalam pemenuhan fungsi rekreasi yaitu belum adanya barang khusus dan fasilitas untuk rekreasi di perpustakaan. Upaya yang dilakukan ialah memanfaatkan komputer yang terhubung dengan internet untuk memenuhi fungsi rekreasi bagi pemustaka seperti browsing di internet, menonton video dan bermain game online. Selain itu kendala lainnya ialah daya listrik yang tidak bisa menampung banyak penggunaan alat elektronik seperti ac dan komputer. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan oleh pustakawan Perpustakaan Umum Kabupaten Solok adalah menyediakan komputer yang terhubung dengan internet.
Konkordaty z państwami Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej zawarte na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Krukowski Józef
Published: September 2023

Transformacje ustrojowe polegające na przejściu od totalitaryzmu komunistycznego do demokracji liberalnej w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, zainicjowane w Polsce w 1989 r., pociągnęły za sobą zmiany w relacjach między państwem a Kościołem katolickim i innymi związkami wyznaniowymi. Szczególnym tego wyrazem jest zastosowanie konkordatu, czyli umowy międzynarodowej między Stolicą Apostolską i najwyższymi organami władzy tych państw (Polska, Węgry, Chorwacja, Estonia, Litwa, Słowacja, Łotwa, Słowenia, Albania, Bośnia i Hercegowina, Kazachstan, wszystkie landy RFN). Przedmiotem analiz są gwarancje wolności religijnej w wymiarze instytucjonalnym i indywidualnym, jakie zostały wpisane do tych konkordatów.
Improving Access to Justice in Europe
Authors: Storme Marcel
Published: September 2023

The Author is one of the initiators of work on harmonization of procedural law of the EU countries. According to the European Convention on Human Rights, each citizen has a right to a „fair trial within a reasonable time before an independent and impartial judge”, therefore the Author is of opinion that harmonization of law is especially necessary in the area civil law. The provisions of the Amsterdam Treaty, Article 65 in particular, constitute a breakthrough in civil procedural law. Tampere Agenda of 1999 emphasizes the importance of easier access to justice, which can be effected by setting minimum standards for cross-border disputes and harmonization of judicial procedure, enabling court decisions to be mutually recognizable. The Author mentions the European Order for Payment, whose structure is based on a report by a team of experts led by the Author in 1993, as an example of a successful attempt at harmonization of procedural law. Next, he presents a comparative study of two European regulations, namely the procedure of payment order and regulations on small claims. In the final part, he provides a list of conclusions drawn from the comparison.
Prawo rodziców do wychowania dzieci według własnych przekonań
Authors: Misztal Henryk
Published: September 2023

Prawo przekazywania dzieciom systemu wartości zgodnego z przekonaniami rodziców przysługuje im w obowiązującym w Polsce systemie prawnym na podstawie prawa wrodzonego, sformułowanego bliżej w doktrynie i prawa Kościoła katolickiego i innych wyznań, aktów prawa międzynarodowego ratyfikowanego przez Polskę, w tym Konkordatu, oraz rozwiązań przewidzianych w Konstytucji i ustawodawstwie zwykłym. Należy stwierdzić, iż jest ono w sposób wystarczający zabezpieczone według zasad demokratycznego państwa prawa.
Zmiany tradycji i postępu w prawie
Authors: Tokarczyk Roman
Published: September 2023

Pojęcia „tradycja” i „postęp” używane są dość często, zarówno w języku potocznym, jak i naukowym, szczególnie historyków, filozofów, socjologów, antropologów i teologów. W języku potocznym pojęcia te używane są nierzadko bez dostatecznego uzasadnienia z powodu braku właściwego rozumienia ich sensu. Pojęcia „tradycja” i „postęp” mają duże znaczenie poznawcze i praktyczne dla jurysprudencji i prawa, ale są podejmowane w badaniach naukowych rzadziej niż na to zasługują. Podejmując tutaj rozważania z tego zakresu, pragnę zaznaczyć, że mają one bardzo ogólny charakter – tez i hipotez – bardziej wskazujących na wielość różnorodnych zagadnień niż pretendujących do ich pogłębionego i wyczerpującego omówienia. Wszelkie rozważania dotyczące tradycji i postępu nie mogą być proste i łatwe, ponieważ pojęcia te obciążone są szeregiem niejasnych znaczeń powiązaniach ze znaczeniami innych pojęć. Niejednoznaczne są przeto treści pojęć „tradycja” i „postęp” w prawie, ich wzajemne związki i rola w prawie, jak też oddziaływanie na pozaprawne dziedziny życia społecznego. Mając na celu przezwyciężanie owych niejasności i niejednoznaczności, należy zauważyć, że w ujęciu aksjologicznym tradycja bywa oceniana różnie, dobrze bądź źle, zależnie od światopoglądu oceniających, natomiast postęp ma wprawdzie dość jednoznaczne pozytywne zabarwienie etymologiczne, ale niekoniecznie także aksjologiczne.
Associations Between Plasma, Imaging, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers with Driving Behavior and Cognitive Tests: Implications for Biomarker Usefulness
Authors: Roe Catherine M. , Bayat Sayeh , Babulal Ganesh M.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Declines in instrumental activities of daily living like driving are hallmarks sequelae of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although driving has been shown to be associated with traditional imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, it is possible that some biomarkers have stronger associations with specific aspects of driving behavior. Furthermore, associations between newer plasma biomarkers and driving behaviors are unknown.

Objective:

This study assessed the extent to which individual plasma, imaging, and CSF biomarkers are related to specific driving behaviors and cognitive functions among cognitively normal older adults.

Methods:

We analyzed naturalistic driving behavior from cognitively healthy older drivers (N = 167, 47% female, mean age = 73.3 years). All participants had driving, clinical, and demographic data and completed biomarker testing, including imaging, CSF, and/or plasma, within two years of study commencement.

Results:

AD biomarkers were associated with different characteristics of driving and cognitive functioning within the same individuals. Elevated levels of plasma Aβ40 were associated with more speeding incidents, higher levels of CSF tau were related to shorter duration of trips, and higher CSF neurofilament light chain values were associated with traveling shorter distances, smaller radius of gyration, and fewer trips at night. We demonstrated that plasma, like CSF and imaging biomarkers, were helpful in predicting everyday driving behaviors.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that different biomarkers offer complementary information with respect to driving behaviors. These distinct relationships may help in understanding how different biological changes that occur during the preclinical stage of AD can impact various sensorimotor and cognitive processes.
Gout and the Prevalence of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Sung Wonjae , Kwon Hyuk Sung , Park Yeonjae , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Sojeong , Kang Dae Ryong , Choi Hojin
Published: September 2023

Background:

Hyperuricemia in patients with gout is associated with a low risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. However, the prevalence of dementia in patients with gout has not yet been reported.

Objective:

To analyze the prevalence of dementia among patients diagnosed with gout by utilizing the Health Insurance and Review Assessment database, a nationwide registry of the South Korean population.

Methods:

Data from the Health Insurance and Review Assessment database of patients diagnosed with gout between 2011 and 2018 were extracted. The annual prevalence of dementia according to age and sex was analyzed. We investigated whether there was an association between comorbidities and gout medication in patients with both gout and dementia and in patients with only gout.

Results:

Between 2011 and 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of dementia per 100,000 persons ranged from 54.0 (95% confidence interval: 47.7–60.2) to 69.9 (95% confidence interval: 65.3–74.5). Compared to previous studies, the prevalence of dementia was lower in patients with gout than in the general population. Patients with both gout and dementia were more likely to be women, have a wide range of comorbidities, and be prescribed gout-related drugs, including allopurinol, febuxostat, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids than patients with gout without dementia.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated a relatively low prevalence of dementia in patients with gout. Gout, characterized by hyperuricemia, might be associated with a reduced risk of dementia.
Tissue ultrasound imaging based on wavelet correlation analysis and pulse-inversion technique
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyan , Yang Cuiyun , Lyu Yuchao , Xu Yinghao , Han Zhihui , Zhao Haien
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Pulse-inversion-based tissue harmonic imaging has been utilized for many years because it can effectively eliminate the harmonic leakage and produce low side-lobe. However, the pulse inversion method is sensitive to imaging object movements, which may result in motion artifacts. Spatial resolution and contrast were limited. OBJECTIVE: To improve ultrasound image quality by a new pulse-inversion-based tissue harmonic imaging technique. METHODS: Continuous wavelet transform is applied to investigate the correlation between mother wavelet and the received echoes from two opposite pulses. To get a better correlation, a novel mother wavelet named ‘tissue wavelet’ is designed based on the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya- Kuznetsov (KZK) wave equation. Radio frequency data were obtained from open Ultrasonix SonixTouch imaging system. Experiments were carried on ultrasonic tissue phantom, human carotid artery and human liver. RESULTS: The average improvement of lateral spatial resolution is 49.52% compared to pulse-inversion-based tissue second-harmonic Imaging (PIHI). Contrast ratio (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) increased by 5.55 dB and 1.40 dB over PIHI. Tissue wavelet performs better than Mexh and Morl wavelet in lateral spatial resolution, CR, and CNR. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique effectively improves the imaging quality in lateral spatial resolution, CR, and CNR.
Effect of virtual reality-based mindfulness training model on anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy
Authors: Mao Wenjuan , Chen Wenduo , Wang Yanbo
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of ovarian cancer can be significantly improved through standardized surgery and chemotherapy, 70% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients would suffer from drug resistance and recurrence during the long chemotherapy cycle. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of a training mode based on the integration of virtual reality technology and mindfulness on anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy. METHOD: Through virtual reality technology, a mindfulness training software was designed and developed, and a mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology was constructed. Using a self-controlled design, 48 ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from August 2022 to May 2023 were conveniently selected as the research subjects. The patients were subjected to four weeks of mindfulness training based on virtual reality technology, and the acceptance of the mindfulness training mode using virtual reality technology was evaluated. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Cancer Related Fatigue Scale (CRF) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and fatigue of patients before and after intervention. RESULTS: The virtual reality based mindfulness training mode includes four functional modules: personalized curriculum, intelligent monitoring, emotion tracking, and Funny Games. 48 patients had a high acceptance score (139.21 ± 10.47), and after using mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology, anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy were significantly reduced, with a statistically significant difference (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: Ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy have a high acceptance of virtual reality based mindfulness training mode. The application of this mode can reduce the psychological problems of anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy, and is worth promoting and using.
Reinterpreting Relativity: Using the Equivalence Principle to Explain Away Cosmological Anomalies
Authors: Arvan Marcus
Published: September 2023

According to the standard interpretation of Einstein’s field equations, gravity consists of mass-energy curving spacetime, and an additional physical force or entity—denoted by Λ (the ‘cosmological constant’)—is responsible for the Universe’s metric-expansion. Although General Relativity’s direct predictions have been systematically confirmed, the dominant cosmological model thought to follow from it—the ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) model of the Universe’s history and composition—faces considerable challenges, including various observational anomalies and experimental failures to detect dark matter, dark energy, or inflation-field candidates. This paper shows that Einstein’s Equivalence Principle entails two possible physical interpretations of General Relativity’s field equations. Although the field equations facially appear to support the standard interpretation—that gravity consists of mass-energy curving spacetime—the field equations can be equivalently understood as holding that gravitational effects instead result from mass-energy accelerating the metric-expansion of a second-order spacetime fabric superimposed upon an absolute, first-order Euclidean space, resulting in the observational appearance of spacetime curvature. This alternative interpretation of relativity is shown to be empirically equivalent to the standard interpretation of relativity, albeit with a changing value for Λ (which is similar to how Λ is understood in the conception of Λ as ‘quintessence’, but in this case takes Λ to be gravity). The reconceptualization is then shown to potentially resolve every major observational anomaly for the ΛCDM model, including recent observations conflicting with ΛCDM predictions, as well as failures to directly detect dark matter, dark energy, and inflation field/particle candidates.
Adherence to Treatment of Cardiac Patients: Approaches to Assessment, Ways to Increase and Prognostic Value
Authors: Kholkina A.A. , Isakov V.A. , Timofeev E.V.
Published: September 2023

Adherence to treatment is understood as a complex model of the patient’s behavior in relation to their health, implemented in the degree of compliance of such behavior with respect to the recommendations received from the doctor regarding medications, self-control algorithms, diet and other lifestyle change measures. Adherence can be assessed by determining drug metabolites in body fluids (blood, urine) and using various questionnaires. At the same time, an important role in increasing adherence to therapy is assigned to the attending physician, without contact with which most patients make an independent decision to stop taking all or some of the prescribed drugs or to make an unreasonable correction of their dosages. Among the factors influencing the decrease in adherence to treatment of cardiac patients are the patient’s misunderstanding of their disease and the expected effects of therapy, fears of undesirable effects of therapy, a low level of motivation, a tendency towards forgetfulness and some others. Comorbidity and related polypharmacy also contribute to non-adherence, especially multiple drugs are prescribed simultaneously by various specialists — therapists, endocrinologists, urologists, neurologists, ophthalmologists. At the same time, there is a clear increase in undesirable consequences (repeated hospitalizations due to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events) in non-adherent patients 6 months after the previous coronary event and a significantly higher risk a year later. Increasing adherence to treatment is the task of medical workers, starting from the inpatient stage of treatment (clear recommendations noted in the discharge documents), followed by the support of outpatient doctors, explaining the need to take certain medications, and ending with monitoring the execution of medical prescriptions.
Daya Terima Tortilla Chips Berbahan Tepung Pisang Lowe
Authors: Lamusu Darni , Chaniago Ramadhani
Published: September 2023

Pisang lowe mempunyai peluang untuk pendiversifikasian pangan lokal. Produk turunan berupa tepung dapat diolah menjadi tortilla chips. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung pisang lowe dan terigu terhadap mutu organoleptik tortilla chips lowe. Rasio penggunaan tepung pisang lowe dan tepung terigu pada pembuatan tortillah chips adalah: A = 100gram tepung pisang lowe; B = 75gram tepung pisang lowe + 25gram tepung tepung terigu; C = 50gram tepung pisang lowe + 50gram tepung tepung terigu; D = 25gram tepung pisang lowe + 75gram tepung tepung terigu. Metode analisis penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan yang diujikan dalam pembuatan tortilla maka dilakukan analisis sidik ragam dan jika perlakuan berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT (α = 0,05). Parameter mutu organoleptik terhadap warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur (kerenyahan) tortilla menggunakan skala hedonik. jumlah skala yang digunakan terdiri dari 5 skala yaitu: 1. Sangat tidak suka 2. Tidak suka 3. Agak suka 4. Suka 5. Sangat Suka. yaitu uji hedonik dengan melibatkan 25 orang panelis tidak terlatih. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa penilaian panelis terhadap produk tortilla chips lowe memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter warna, dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter Aroma, rasa dan Tekstur. Perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan penilaian panelis adalah perlakuan pada warna produk tortilla chips lowe adalah perlakuan B (75gram tepung pisang lowe + 25gram tepung tepung terigu), kemudian pada parameter aroma, rasa dan tekstur adalah perlakuan D (25gram tepung pisang lowe + 75gram tepung tepung terigu).
Designing a Phase-Locked Frequency Control System
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Telnov A. A.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the development of a phase locked loop (PLL) system using the CD4046 integrated circuit. To achieve this goal, the principles of operation of two types of phase detectors were investigated. In the second half of the article, the main transfer functions of the PLL system are derived, an example of calculating the feedback controller is considered. The reliability of the calculation results is confirmed by modeling a computer model of a resonant voltage inverter.
An Effective Approach to the Development of a Program Code for Controlling an Electric Drive Using the Example of an Elevator Layout
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Smirnov N. A.
Published: September 2023

The development and use of the control program for the electric drive of the elevator cabin layout is considered. The purpose of the work is to show how to write a program in a fairly short time for using it on a real layout and the possibility of changing it if necessary. The use of a microcomputer and the Python version 3 programming language, as well as a number of components for creating a layout, such as an engine, drivers, and more. At the moment, having basic programming knowledge, you can create a control program for a layout or virtual model in a fairly short time. This paper describes step by step how, without using complex programming concepts, to create a fully working layout of an elevator hoist. At each stage, it explains how a particular function or module works. The end result is a working control program and explanations of its operation.
Algorithm for Adaptive Synchronization of the Multi-Channel Steering System
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Khanh N. D. , Kuznetsov V. E. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Konstantinov S. V. ,   JSC «Sukhoi Company», Lukichev A. N. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University
Published: September 2023

The article presents the construction of an adaptive control algorithm that synchronizes the position and equalizes the loading forces of a hybrid drive system. The system consists of one electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) and one electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) and operates in active-active mode. Destination algorithm to meet the growing requirements for the reliability of civil aircraft steering gears. A mathematical model of the system is presented, which includes non-linear friction forces in the engine and actuator, as well as non-linear flowdifferential characteristics of the hydraulic distribution valve. The synthesis of an adaptive position and force synchronization controller for two channels is given, taking into account nonlinear factors. The results of the research when comparing the efficiency of the algorithm were performed in the MatLab/Simulink environment.
Control of a Polyphase Motor with Permanent Magnets with Non-Sinusoidal EMF and Power Supply from VSI
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Vorontsov A. G.
Published: September 2023

Many electric drives are made using permanent magnet multiphase motors (PMSM) and transistor voltage inverters (VSI). Depending on the placement of the magnets on the rotor and on the performance of the stator windings of the PMSM, the distortion of the EMF of the phases can be more or less significant. Phase current distortions depend on the EMF, as well as on the features of the VSI, on the drive control algorithm. According to the methodology of modeling systems for interconnected subsystems, a mathematical model of a multi-phase PMSM was built taking into account the non-sinusoidality of the EMF. Computer models of drives with multi-phase PMSM, several VSI and control systems (CS) are built. A comparison of vector control algorithms in the dq axes and in the phase axes in the drive with a multi-phase PMSM with non-sinusoidal EMF and several VSI is made. Vector control systems in the axes of the phases of the PMSM provide a better shape of the phase currents and less ripple of the electromagnetic torque of the PMSM.
Cybersecurity threat perception technology based on knowledge graph
Authors: Sali A. , Al-Jumaily Abdulmajeed , Jiménez Víctor P. Gil , Al-Jumeily Dhiya
Published: September 2023

The issue of complex sources, difficult to understand and share security threat intelligence, this paper realizes deep learning of threat intelligence features based on Restricted Boltzmann Machine, which graphs the original threat intelligence features from high dimensional space to low dimensional space layer by layer, and constructs the cyberspace security threat knowledge graphs. The deep learning used to build a multi-level and structured knowledge graph of cyberspace security threats can reflect the structural characteristics of the knowledge graph, making the graph have a lower dimension and a higher level of abstraction. The experiment verifies the feasibility of constructing the cyberspace security threat knowledge graph, and verifies the security threat perception method based on the knowledge graph is more suitable for the perception of high-intensity security threats by comparing with traditional threat detection methods.