bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological and Biochemical Biomarker Response of Mussel, Unio Pictorum, to Carbamate Pesticide Carbaryl: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Khudhur Shelan Mustafa , Shekha Yahya Ahmed
Published: December 2019

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different concentrations of the insecticide carbaryl on histological and biochemical parameters including (SOD, GSH, rGSH, CAT and MDA) on gills tissue of freshwater mussel Unio pictorum for 96 hours. Significant increase in SOD and rGSH activities was observed in a concentration- dependent manner. However, statistically significant decrease in GSH levels was observed only at highest concentration. MDA levels reached higher rate at high concentration of carbaryl treated group. Mussels show behavioral responses during exposure by exhibiting increase in duration for shell closure and increase in mucus secretion. The histopathology of gills indicated that higher doses of carbaryl resulted in massive destruction in normal architecture of gill tissue. Molluscs accumulate contaminants in their body tissues and thus are used as bio-indicator for evaluating water quality and habitat degradation.
Polymorphism Analysis of FMO3 Gene in Two Strains Quails
Authors: Bai Jun Yan , Jia1 Xiao Ping , Yang You   Bing , Li Guang Lu , Fan Hong Deng , Cao Heng , Fu Xue Yan , Shi Kun Peng
Published: December 2019

In this study, polymorphism of FMO3 genes in French giant quail and Savimit quail was tested by PCR technology and hybrid DNA pool sequencing technology. The results show that, one SNPs mutation site (A66G) was detected from the exon 2 of FMO3, the A and G allele frequencies of A66G in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.586/0.414 and 0.395/0.605. Two SNPs mutation sites (A139T and C187T) were detected from the exon 4 of FMO3, A and T allele frequencies of A139T in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.630/0.370 and 1.000 /0.000, C and T allele frequencies of C187T in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.256/0.744 and 0.763/0.237, respectively. Two mutation sites (A39G and A41T) were detected from exon 7, A and G allele frequencies of A39G in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.769/0.231 and 0.190 /0.810, A and T allele frequencies of A41T were 0.107/0.893 and 0.000/1.000. One SNPs mutation site (C219T) was detected from exon 9, C and T allele frequencies of C219T in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.250/0.750 and 0.250/0.750, respectively. According to clustering analysis, 10 different livestock species were finally clustered into three groups. Quail had close genetic relationship with jungle fowl and they were clustered into one group. The tropical xenopus was clustered into the second group. The rest animals were clustered into the third group.
Histological Investigation of the Digestive System and SEM Study of Radula in Fusinus nicobaricus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae)
Authors: Subavathy P
Published: December 2019

In the present study, histological studies of the digestive system and SEM study of radula of Fusinus nicobaricus was evaluated. The digestive system contains proboscis, oesophagus, stomach, hepatopancreas, intestine, rectum and anus. The digestive tract of Fusinus nicobaricus encloses a buccal mass at the anterior region which contains a chitinous radula. The oesophagus leaved the buccal mass dorsally and passed the food into an extensible stomach. A pair of salivary gland lied with mid-oesophagus region. Digestive gland secreted digestive enzymes into the lumen of the stomach into mid region. Intestine was thin walled, usually long and possess loop through the digestive gland tissue and leaves as short rectum. Hepatopancreas was also implicated in storage and excretion of inorganic reserves, lipids and carbohydrate metabolites. Radula, a specific character and part of the appendices of digestive system of majority of molluscs. It was observed that the type of radula in F.n is rachiglossate with radular formula of 1+R+1.
Supplementing Rumen Protected Choline with Green Tea Extract Improves Reproductive Performances in Transition Karan Fries Cows
Authors: Acharya Parag , Lathwal S S , Baithalu R , Patnaik Neelamadhav , Thul M R , Moharana Baisakhi
Published: December 2019

The present experiment was carried out on thirty two pregnant Karan Fries (KF) cows. In control group, cows were fed basal diet. In T1 each cow was fed rumen protected choline (RPC) (55g/day), in T2 - green tea extract (GTE) (3g/d) and in T3-RPC + GTE (55+3)g/day along with basal diet. The duration of experiment was 30 days before calving to 60 days after parturition. Animals were evaluated on their reproductive performances. Diameter of cervix, uterine horn and service period reduced significantly (p£ 0.01) in the treatment groups compared to control group. Conception rate was highest for T3 (75 %) followed by T2 (62.5%), T1 (62.5%) and C (50%). There were lesser incidences of reproductive disorders in treatment groups. In conclusion, feeding of RPC and GTE in combination improved reproductive performance during transition period in Karan Fries cows.
Detection of Norfloxacin in Muscle, Liver and Kidney of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Meena N S , Sahni Y P , Shrman K , Singh Ankit Kumar , Kumar Akshay
Published: December 2019

The present study was undertaken to determine the residues of norfloxacin in muscle, liver and kidney of broiler chicken. On the basis of surveillance study, commonly used antibiotic norfloxacin was selected for quantifying the concentration in broiler chicken meat samples. The HPLC system was equipped with photodiode array and C18 hypersil column. The mobile phase consisting of 1 ml Ortho phosphoric acid (85 per cent v/v), 100 ml water HPLC grade with acitonitrile HPLC grade, 87:12 (v/v) then pH was adjusted to 2.0 with triethylamine HPLC Grade. The results indicated that out of 180 samples analysed, 3 liver samples of target stations, viz. T3, T6 and T10 were found positive for norfloxacin residues with concentrations of 2.00, 2.60 and 2.31 µg/kg, respectively. Samples collected from other target stations did not show residual concentration of norfloxacin in muscle, liver and kidney samples.
Influence of Dietary Vanadium Supplementation on Nutrient Utilisation, Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Sahiwal Calves
Authors: Singh Digvijay , Datt Chander , Mishra Akash , Shivani Swati , Gupta Ritika , Mani Veena
Published: December 2019

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary vanadium supplementation on feed intake, efficiency of nutrient utilization, growth performance, blood biochemical constituents and endocrine status in male Sahiwal calves. The vanadium concentration in some common feed ingredients was also estimated. Twenty male Sahiwal calves were randomly selected and divided on body weight (71±8.06 kg) and age (6±0.82 months) equalization into 4 different groups (n = 5). The treatments were given with 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm of vanadium in GP-I, GP-II, GP-III and GP-IV, respectively for a duration of hundred and twenty days and subjected to analysis of variance in completely randomized design (CRD). Green fodder and deoiled seed cakes were found rich in vanadium content than grains and by-products. The dietary supplementation of vanadium did not affect the feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, average daily gain and feed efficiency. Plasma glucose level was increased (plessthan0.05) in GP-III and GP-1V without (p>0.05) affecting insulin level .The total protein, AST and ALT were unaffected by V supplementation. GP-IV showed higher (plessthan0.05) IGF-1 levels, whereas GP-III and GP-1V recorded higher (plessthan 0.05) ALP activity in comparison to GP-I (control) and GP-II. The level of triglycerides decreased in a dose dependent way, however, the cholesterol concentration showed a declining (plessthan 0.05) trend with the increasing vanadium concentration in the diet. It may be concluded that the dietary vanadium supplementation elicits the metabolic profile specially glucose and lipid metabolism of growing calves which in turn may have implications on further growth performance.
Molecular Characterization of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Food Animals
Authors: Debbarma Sabita , Bora Durlav P , Hazarika Razibuddin A , Tamuly Shantanu , Barua Acheenta G , Das Papiya , Goswami Chandrani , Joute Jerry R , Sinha Snehangshu
Published: December 2019

The present study was carried out for isolation and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli from faecal and meat samples of food animals viz. cattle, pigs and poultry. A total of 66 E. coli isolates were recovered from 420 samples of different food animals and further confirmed by PCR targeting E. coli specific uidA gene. These isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampicillin and cloxacillin. Out of 66 isolates, 42 were typed into 13 different ‘O’ serogroups, 13 untypable and remaining 11 were identified as rough. Serogroup O84, O101, O118, O120 and O147 were predominant and serogroup O118 was found to be common in the samples of all 3 species of food animals. Five (7.57%) and 3 (4.54%) of E. coli isolates were found to harbor virulent genes, stx2 and est, respectively. Twenty representative E. coli isolates selected randomly from 20 different locations were subjected to molecular typing by PCR targeting Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) sequences. The region specific molecular types of E. coli could not be detected by using REP-PCR based discrimination.
Comparative Evaluation of Motility and Kinematics of Fresh Versus Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa of Cattle and Buffalo Bull by CASA
Authors: Pathak P K , Dhami A J , Chaudhari D V , Hadiya K K
Published: December 2019

A study was undertaken on semen of three mature bulls each of Gir, Surti and Murrah breed to evaluate the comparative motion characteristics and kinematics of their fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa by Biovis CASA. The ejaculates (n= 24/breed) having >75% initial motility were diluted @ 80 million sperm/ml using TFYG extender and were assessed. Amongst motility traits, the total motile, rapid progressive motile and slow progressive motile spermatozoa percentage decreased significantly by 23.08 - 30.09, 43.57 - 55.18, 9.12 - 22.75 %, respectively, plessthan0.01), while non-progressive motile sperm (4.78 - 21.48%) and immotile sperm (164.38 - 178.38 %) percentage increased significantly ( plessthan0.01) in frozen-thawed semen compared to that of fresh semen. The post-thaw quality of semen of all three breeds was in acceptable range. The mean values of sperm velocity/kinematic parameters observed in frozen-thawed semen of Gir, Surti and Murrah bulls, based on total motile sperms, viz., average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, linearity, straightness, beat-cross frequency, amplitude of lateral head displacement, dancing frequency and dancing mean decreased significantly by 13.70 - 17.79; 9.76 - 12.95; 13.28 - 21.90; 7.28 - 9.68; 4.36 - 7.79; 15.56 - 25.15; 8.78 - 10.50; 6.16 - 18.67 and 12.98 - 15.96 %, respectively, as compared to that of their fresh semen samples. However, wobbling index remained almost same for both fresh and frozen semen. All motility traits differed but none of kinematics/velocity traits differed significantly between breeds/species. The values of all velocity parameters for progressive motile sperms were higher than total motile sperms in all three breeds. The effect of freezing-thawing on velocity and kinematic attributes was much less compared to absolute sperm motility, and both the fresh and frozen-thawed sperms behaved identically with respect to their velocity and kinematics. The rapid progressive motile sperm in both fresh (r=0.41 to 0.92) and frozen-thawed (r=044 to 0.88) semen had significant correlations with most of their velocity traits, and the later were significantly and positively or negatively inter-related among each other in semen of all three breeds. It was therefore concluded that cryopreservation process significantly reduces the motility and kinematics attributes of bovine spermatozoa and, CASA analysis of fresh semen for motility and velocity traits could predict the post-thawed sperm motility and velocity/ kinematics of spermatozoa.
State modification and market mechanism for agroindustrial complex management in the region
Authors: Kaldiyarov Daniyar , Nurmukhankyzy Daniya , Kaldiyarov Sanzhar , Lemechshenko Olesya
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to development of approaches and practical recommendations on issues of state regulation and state support of agro-industrial complex economic entities as a factor of stimulating economic growth of industry as a whole. Having  based on the study of development trends of agroindustrial complex in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its state regulation, we assessed effectiveness of implementing target programs, identified causes and constraints, which include imperfect legislative, theoretical and methodological elaboration of mechanisms for their implementation, inconsistency between organizational-level program developments and processes of their implementation.

 

Keywords: state regulation, agricultural sector, agroindustrial complex (AIC), agriculture, agricultural products, agricultural policy, food security.
Efecto de la concentración de Ga sobre las propiedades electrónicas del CuIn1−XGaXSe2
Authors: Rasero Causil D. A. , Portacio Lamadrid A. A. , Rodríguez J. A.
Published: December 2019

Se reportan cálculos de propiedades electrónicas del compuesto CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (x = 0,0, 0,2, 0,4, 0,6, 0,8, 1,0), usando el método Tight-Binding (TB) y Virtual Crystal Approximation (VCA). Se considera el caso ideal y con las distorsiones tetragonal (η) y aniónica (μ). En ambos casos, el CuIn1−xGaxSe2 es un semiconductor directo en Γ, para todas las concentraciones. Se encontró que el Crystal Field Splitting (CFS) en el punto Γ depende principalmente de la distorsión tetragonal. El CFS es positivo para x <, 0,32 y negativo para x >, 0,32. Este comportamiento se debe a que cuando aumenta x, la celda unitaria se contrae, acercando el pseudoátomo (In,Ga) al átomo de Se.
AMASYA BASININDA ERKEN TARİHLİ BİR GAZETE BİRLEŞMESİ ÖRNEĞİ: SABAH GAZETESİ
Authors: KAHRAMAN Nazan
Published: December 2019

Devletin
medya işletmelerine sağladığı destekler içinde resmi ilan ve reklam gelirleri,
yerel basının en önemli gelir kaynaklarından birisidir. Günümüzde Basın İlan
Kurumu tarafından yürütülen söz konusu gelirlerin dağıtımının tarihi ise
oldukça eskidir. Dönem dönem bazı yerel gazetelerin, sadece bu gelirden
faydalanmak için kurulduğu eleştirisi yapılırken, bazen de yerel basının gerek
ilandan faydalanma şartlarını taşımanın zorluğu ve gerekse de il düzeyinde
dağıtılan resmi ilan gelirlerini paylaşmak adına birleştiği görülmektedir.
Basın İlan Kurumunun da desteği ile 2012 yılında yoğun olarak yerel basında
gazete birleşme süreci yaşanmıştır.

Bu
çalışma, Basın İlan Kurumunun kuruluşunu izleyen 1960’larda oldukça erken
tarihli sayılabilecek bir gazete birleşmesini konu almaktadır. Bu birleşme, Amasya Sesi, Emel, 12 Haziran ve Yeşilırmak Postası gazetelerinin Kasım 1964’te Sabah adıyla tek bir
gazete olarak yayınlanmasıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca bu birleşme, Türk basın
tarihinin en uzun soluklu gazete birleşmelerinden birisidir. Çalışmanın elde
edilen en önemli bulgularından birisi, söz konusu sürecin resmi ilan ve reklam
gelirlerinden faydalanmak için yapılmış olduğudur. Bir diğer önemli bulgu ise
sürecin devlet tarafından teşvik edilmiş olduğudur.
HABER KAYNAĞI OLARAK SOSYAL AĞLARIN KULLANIMI: TÜRK İNTERNET HABER SİTELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: DUMAN Kenan
Published: December 2019

21. yüzyılın başında gazetecilikte büyük değişiklikler meydana gelirken bu gelişmelerin çoğu sosyal medyanın
hızla yükseldiği dönemle aynı süreçte yaşanmıştır. Sosyal medya ağları geleneksel ve çevrimiçi habercilikte gün
geçtikçe hem haber oluşturma hem de haberin dağıtımı aşamasında daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Gazetecilerin
günlük rutin çalışmalarına sosyal medya platformlarının kaynaklığı üzerine odaklanan bu çalışmanın amacı
çevrimiçi haber sitelerinde sosyal medyanın kaynak olarak kullanılmasını Türkiye özelinde incelemektir.
Çalışma, Temmuz - Aralık 2018 dönemi arası 6 aylık süreç içerisinde Türkiye’de en çok takip edilen 3 çevrimiçi
haber sitesi olan Hürriyet, Sabah ve Milliyet haber sitelerinin sosyal medya platformlarını kaynak yapan tüm yazı
ve makaleleri analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın yöntemi içerik analizidir. Çalışmanın sonucunda ana akım çevrimiçi
haber sitelerinin haber oluştururken sosyal medyayı haber akışında kaynak olarak kullandıkları ortaya
konulmuştur. Kaynak biçiminin hem rutin haber içeriklerinde hem de özel haber içeriklerinde kullanıldığı
görülmüştür.
SOSYAL MEDYADA DEZENFORMASYON VE HABER DOĞRULAMA PLATFORMLARININ PRATİKLERİ
Authors: ÇÖMLEKÇİ Mehmet Fatih
Published: December 2019

Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin
21. yüzyılla birlikte toplumsal hayat ve iletişim ortamı üzerinde dönüştürücü
etkileri olmuştur. İnternet ve sosyal medyanın gündelik hayatlara git gide daha
fazla entegre olmasıyla birlikte iletişim ve habercilik anlayışlarında da
değişimler yaşanmıştır. İnternet’in sağladığı, bilgiye kolay ulaşım, haberlerin hızlı
şekilde dolaşımı ve insanları ağlar üzerinde buluşturma gibi faydalarla
birlikte; özellikle sosyal medya üzerinden dolaşıma giren “sahte
haberlerin” kamuoyunun objektif/doğru haberler aracılığıyla oluşması idealini
olumsuz şekilde etkilemektedir. Dijital ortamda faaliyet gösteren
haber doğrulama platformları bu sahte haberlerle mücadelede önemli
rol oynamaya başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, Türkiye ve dünyadan iki haber doğrulama
platformu "Teyit.org” ve "Snopes.com" örnek
vaka olarak seçilmiştir. Öncelikle bu platformların özellikleri
ortaya koyulmuş, kullandıkları haber doğrulama yöntemleri incelenmiş ve içerik
analiziyle bu platformların haber doğrulama süreçlerinde hangi konulara öncelik
verdikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada, haber doğrulama amacıyla kurulan
sivil toplum girişimlerinin sınırlılıkları tartışmaya açılmış ve bunların tek
başına yeterli olmayacağı, bireylerin bilinçlenmesi
ve dijital medya okuryazarlığı seviyelerinin arttırılmasının da aynı derecede önemli
olduğunun altı çizilmiştir.
MARKALAR REKLAM İLE GÜNDEM BELİRLER Mİ? AKILDA KALAN REKLAMLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ASLAN Emre Ş. , DEĞER Mezra , ÖZKAN Şakire , ÖZKAN Nihal
Published: December 2019

Pazarlama,
rekabet ve iletişim alanının ilerlemesi ve bu denli gelişmesi markalar
açısından avantajlı olduğu kadar dezavantajlı bir durum haline de gelmiştir.
Birçok marka karşılaştıkları dezavantajlı durumu avantaja çevirerek içinde
bulundukları girdaptan çıkmayı hedeflemektedir. 
Pazarlama ve iletişim alanlarının gelişmesi,  rekabetçi bir ortam yaratmış ve markaların bu
rekabetçi ortam içerisinde yoğun bir çaba göstermesini zorunlu kılmıştır.
Girilen rekabet ortamlarından markaların sağlıklı bir şekilde çıkabilmeleri
markaların yaptıkları reklamlar ile mümkündür. Bu yoğun rekabet ortamı
markaların reklamlara verdikleri önemi, daha çok arttırmalarına sebep olmuştur.
Markaların reklamlarına verdikleri önem arttıkça reklamların gündemde kalma ve
gündem yaratma olasılıkları da bir o kadar artmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada
markaların reklamlarının gündem belirleyip belirlemedikleri anket (survey)
tekniği kullanılarak araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Uygulanan ankette konu ile
ilgili reklam bileşenleri ve gündem bileşenleri çerçevesinde sorular
hazırlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Veriler analiz edilirken frekans, one way anova,
t-testi, faktör, regresyon analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Anketlerden elde
edilen sonuçlara göre reklamlar, gündemi belirleme gücüne sahip olmakla beraber
reklamlarda gündeme getirilen konular, insanların gündemlerinde kendilerine yer
bulabildiği ve bu durumun insanların gündelik hayatlarını etkisi altına aldığı
görülmektedir.
KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE ETİK-MEDYA İLİŞKİSİ: KAMU GÖREVLİLERİ ETİK KURULU FAALİYET VE KARARLARININ ULUSAL GAZETELERDEKİ TEMSİLİ ÜZERİNDEN BİR DENEME
Authors: KOÇ Hatice
Published: December 2019

Kamu yönetiminde etik, kamu gücünün ortaya çıktığı
zamanlardan beri farklı formlarda yönetimin ana belirleyicilerindendir ve faziletli bir toplumsal yaşamın ve devlet-toplum
ilişkisinin meşuiyet zemininde yürümesinin önkoşuludur. Kamu hizmeti, etik
değerler üzerine kurulu olmadığı takdirde yolsuzluk, yozlaşma, devlete
güvensizlik gibi sorunlar kronikleşme riskiyle karşı karşıya kalır. Kamu
yönetiminde etik, kamu yönetiminden istenen iyi nitelikteki ilkelerin
belirlenmesini ve bu ilkelerin kamu görevlilerince benimsenmesini içermekte ve
bunun için bazı araç ve mekanizmaları gerekli kılmaktadır. Tesis edilen araç ve
mekanizmalar ile kamu yönetimde etik dışı davranışlar elimine edilecek ve ahlak
felsefesi kamu yönetimine hâkim kılınacaktır. Türkiye’de kamu
yönetiminde etik, 2004 yılında Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulu’nun kurulması ile
kurumsallaşmıştır. Kuruluşundan bugüne, yaptığı araştırmalar yayınladığı
raporlar ve aldığı bağlayıcı kararlar ile Türk kamu yönetimine şeffaflaşma ve
hesapverebilirliğin sağlanması, yolsuzluk ve yozlaşmanın önüne geçilmesine
katkıda bulunmaya çalışmaktadır. Medya, dördüncü güç olarak bu katkıyı
artıracak bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, 2017 ve 2018 yılında basında
çıkan Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulu haberlerinden yola çıkılarak kamu
yönetiminde etik-medya ilişkisi analiz edilecektir. Analiz, içerik çözümleme
yöntemi ile yapılacak ve haberlerin kamu gücünü kamu yönetimi etik kuralları
doğrultusunda denetlemeye şeffaflığa katkısı tartışılacaktır.
Hipertansif kişilerin hipertansiyon konusundaki tutum ve davranışları
Authors: ERGÜN ARSLANTAŞ Ebru , SEVİNÇ Nergiz , ÇETİNKAYA Fevziye , GÜNAY Osman , AYKUT Mualla
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Hipertansiyon tüm dünyada sık görülen bir hastalıktır ve hipertansif hastalarda farkındalık oranı düşüktür. Bu nedenle hastaların sağlığını etkileyen uygun davranışları kontrol etmesi gerekmektedir. İdeal vücut ağırlığı, hareketli yaşam, tuz ve doymuş yağlardan fakir diyetle beslenme, sigara ve alkol kullanmama ve stresten uzak durma önerilmektedir. Bu araştırma hipertansiyon tanısı almış erişkin kişilerin hastalıklarının kontrolü ile ilgili tutum ve davranışları ile bunları etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel araştırma Kayseri ili Kocasinan, Melikgazi, Talas ve Hacılar ilçelerine bağlı 4 ayrı Aile Sağlığı Merkezi‟nde yürütülmüştür. Daha önce hipertansiyon tanısı almış ve aile sağlığı merkezlerine herhangi bir nedenle başvuranlardan araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden, 18 yaş ve üzeri 525 kişi araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve hipertansiyonla ilgili tutum ve davranışları ile ilgili 37 sorudan oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Ki-Kare testi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma grubunda, düzenli ilaç kullandığını belirtenlerin oranı %80,8, düzenli doktor kontrolü yaptıranların oranı %62,9 bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %27,6‟sı sigara, %9,3‟ü alkol kullanmaktadır, %36,8‟i tansiyonları yükseldiğinde hekime başvurduğunu, % 63,2‟si tansiyonu düşürdüğüne inandığı yiyecek ve içecek aldığını belirtmişlerdir. Araştırmaya katılanların % 41,1‟i düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmakta olup, %70,5‟i yemeklerinde tuz kısıtlaması yapmaktadır. BKI değerlerine göre, erkeklerin %7,0„si kadınların %16,1‟i obez olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Sonuç: Araştırma grubunda, hipertansiyon farkındalığı istenilen düzeyde değildir. Hastaların hipertansiyondan korunma önlemleri hakkında tutum ve davranışlarının yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hipertansiyon hastalarının tedaviye uyumunu sağlamak için hipertansiyon konusunda bilgilendirilmesi, düzenli doktor kontrolü ve ilaç kullanımı konusunda yönlendirilmesi, evde kan basıncı ölçümünün öğretilmesi gerekir.
About the motivation of Russian doctors: the myths and realities
Authors: Chirikova Alla E.
Published: December 2019

Since 2012 the reform of the salary system of workers in the budgetary sphere, called the introduction of an effective contract, has been implemented in Russia. The paper presents the results of a study of the impact that reform on the labor motivation of physicians. Empirical data are obtained by conducting in-depth interviews with physicians and heads of state medical institutions in Moscow and one of the regions in the European part of the country in 2016.

The study revealed multidirectional impact for physicians’ readiness to work more and better by effective contract. There are three groups of doctors. The first and largest group: physicians who fix a positive impact of motivation incentives for physicians’ motivation at work. The second group: physicians who are convinced that an effective contract is not affected their motivation. The third group: physicians who believe that effective contract has led to a weakening of physicians’ motivation. The article gives the possible explanation of the results of the study.

Results of the study also clearly show that the changes in the physician’s remuneration system aimed exclusively on the growth of salary of doctors are necessary, but not sufficient. In the article it is interpreted because of the law of optimum motivation, according to which a positive motivational effect is observed only when the stimulus has high impact strength, rather than the highest possible.

The impact of an effective contract on the achievement motivation (the desire to improve the their professional capabilities and results) was different for experienced and young doctors. The most pronounced increase in the achievement motivation was observed for the majority of young doctors. While more experienced doctors reacted to changes in remuneration rules less pronouncedly.

A special part of the research paper was given towards informal payments which influence physicians’ motivation. The research has shown that these payments may smooth motivational effect observed by the new rules of remuneration. This fact is typical for Moscow, while in the region, this effect is not brightly expressed.
Biographical dimension of terminal illness or is there an alternative to medicine?
Authors: Startsev Sergey V.
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the biographical case of cancer with problematized attitude to traditional medicine. The author examines the biographical choices of the informant and the problem of not following the medicalist treatment strategy. Optics using analytic methods and social theory, the author seeks to show that living biographer’s disease and agree with the diagnosis of a life inextricably linked with the social relations within which these terms aventureuse, namely in the framework of relations “doctor-patient”. The analysis of this social dyad using the methods of anthropology and narratology brings us closer to the understanding of disease as a phenomenon mediated by the cultural codes of society, the dominant model of which is the biomedical paradigm of studying the “diseased body”.
The Social and Economic Aspects of Integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation
Authors: Litvinova Tatiana N. , Vershinina Olga V.
Published: December 2019

The paper examines the social and economic aspects of integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation. This study is making a new contribution to sociology, as it brings together social and economic statistics and studies of the population’s perception of the impact that the new region’s integration has had on Russian society (conducted as an online survey).

We analyze the population’s quality of life indices: average per capita income, expense structure, and minimum wage. The study allows us to conclude that the region is falling far behind the national average per capita income, as well as the relevant figures in most other regions of the Southern Federal District. In order to provide a counterpoint to these statistics regarding Russians’ opinion on the consequences of the Republic of Crimea joining the country, we conducted a sociological online survey (n=1012) among both Crimean inhabitants and people living elsewhere in Russia. The survey shows that the evaluation of the peninsula’s integration into Russia is mostly positive (72%) and neutral (18%), and that a lot of Russians, even though they may never have even visited Crimea, show great concern regarding the region’s social and economic issues, such as the condition of its infrastructure, local tourism, banking and loan restrictions, etc.
A Study on Personal Agency Expression in Housing Renovation
Authors: Merzlykov Andrey A.
Published: December 2019

This paper reviews the sociological criteria of the general public’s expression of personal agency concerning the housing renovation program. We propose the following criteria: attitude towards the housing renovation program and its progress; readiness to contribute to discussion regarding the proposed administrative decisions; desire to obtain information and the level of satisfaction with the information obtained; the level of community self-governance; and the willingness to advocate for one’s own interests. This study is unique in that it uses specially created social groups as its basis for analysis. The groups were formed based on two criteria: personal involvement in the renovation program (or lack thereof) and attitude towards the program. The results of this sociological study reveal the specific ways in which members of the aforementioned social groups express their personal agency, as well as the level and nature of such agency. We note that the government authorities have made it legally and organizationally possible for the general public to become involved in the execution of this administrative process, but the public responds to this in different ways, expressing its agency to different degrees. The agency differs both by level (high, moderate, low) and nature (supportive, protective, neutral).
The National, Civic, and Ethnic Identity of Russian Young People in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Perception Dynamics
Authors: Arutyunova Ekaterina M.
Published: December 2019

This paper studies the levels and nature of the national, civic, and ethnic identity of Russian young people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). We analyze identity dynamics and nature, using representative data from large-scale surveys conducted in 2012 and 2019, in addition to focus groups of Russian young people that were studied in the city of Mirny over the same years. Our research shows that the sense of civic identity in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been diminishing both among young Russians and young Sakha. A shared home country continues to be the key integrating factor that allows young people to identify with other Russians; the importance of this factor in the eyes of Russian young people has been increasing, while the importance of other factors (such as history, culture, and a shared language) has been decreasing. The factor of living within the same territory has retained its importance. The “feeling that you are responsible for the country’s future” has been losing impact as an integrating factor, which means that, on the one hand, we can still speak of a national and civic identity based on living within the same territory, but less so of an overall civic identity. Our study shows that Russian young people have fewer consolidating ethnic identity factors than Sakha young people, although the cultural, traditional, and territorial integrators have been becoming somewhat more important over the course of 2019. By contrast, an increase in the importance of ethnic and cultural integrating factors for Sakha young people has been far more evident. Religion as an integrating factor for ethnic identity has been losing its importance for local Russian young people. The above allows us to conclude that, regardless of the current ethnic policy objectives, Russian young people in the Republic of Sakha are not becoming more consolidated based on ethnic identity. Nor is this being compensated by other identity types covered by this study, including ethnic identity. That said, the importance of ethnic and cultural factors has been on a slight rise, which is likely due to the Republic’s specific environment.
Identifying, Evaluating, and Adapting to Risks in an Atmosphere of Uncertainty
Authors: Mozgovaya Alla V.
Published: December 2019

This paper belongs to the relevant field of empirical risk research in sociology and studies personal risk identification and evaluation in an atmosphere of uncertainty. While empirical data regarding risk perception is quite sufficient, studies have found no sound methodological foundation for reviewing and interpreting risk identification and evaluation, as well as ways in which people adapt to risks throughout their lives. Therefore, we propose a multi-paradigm concept of the system that individuals use to navigate their lives. This concept can be used as an underlining methodology for studying the specific features of identifying, evaluating, and adapting to risks in an atmosphere of uncertainty. We believe that, within the sociological paradigm, the nature of the adaptive process of “navigating uncertainty” lies in structuring it both on the personal and on the institutional level.

The analysis of data collected during several regional studies and one national study provides empirical justification of the vital impact that subjective expectations and preferences have on decisionmaking in an atmosphere of uncertainty where the result of such decision-making is not clearly predictable. By evaluating the tolerance of various threat types, we can draw justified conclusions regarding the subjective importance/value of the respective entities. Our study shows that there is a solid cluster of the most vital values, threats to which are least permissible. Such values may be described as “irreplaceable” and “inalienable”; while the less vital values (but threats to which are still considered impermissible) are described as “replaceable” and “alienable”.

The results of analyzing the links between the subjective damage perception, along with other elements of the individual’s life navigation system, on the one hand, and the choice of specific strategy to give the uncertain environment some structure (adaptation strategy) will be presented in the next paper.
The Current Substance Abuse Trends in Russia and the West
Authors: Shul’gina Elena V.
Published: December 2019

This paper selects and analyzes the key trends of current substance abuse that are most widespread in western European countries, the USA, Canada, and Russia, while also reviewing their differences and similarities. Foreign case studies, along with the results of analyzing the most prominent trends of substance abuse, must be accounted for when designing the optimal and most efficient measures for impacting the current drug abuse situation and eliminating its negative consequences. This paper examines the motivations and factors that encourage substance abuse; the phenomenon of substance abuse normalization; and the problems with identifying modern drug addicts that may arise as they try to adapt their behavior. The paper is based on a secondary analysis of several surveys among the working-age population (2013, 2016, 2017), as well as a college youth survey, entitled “The Student Lifestyle: Behavior Risks” (Ivanovo, Krasnodar, Moscow, Rybinsk, Chita, Yaroslavl). All of the above studies were conducted by the deviant behavior sociology sector of the RAS Federal Sociology Research Center. In addition, we considered surveys of college students in the USA and students in higher education in Canada. The analysis shows that: the age of first drug use is shifting upwards, which signifies that people are consciously deciding to consume addictive substances as mature individuals; there is an emerging trend of people aged 50 and over being introduced to addictive substances; the most popular motivation for consuming such substances is hedonism, i.e. the desire for pleasure; the attitude towards substance abuse is growing more and more tolerant, as introduction to recreational psychoactive drugs is becoming a fact of life and drug use is being integrated into society; modern substance abuse patterns still remain largely latent. We also consider foreign researchers’ insights, which warrant attention as we analyze the situation regarding substance abuse in Russian society and work on an effective anti-drug and addiction prevention policy.
“Media Events”»: A Never-Ending Theory?
Authors: Nim Evgeniya G.
Published: December 2019

This article outlines the key propositions and further prospects of the media event theory established by Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz in their 1992 book Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. The ritual approach they suggested, according to which media events are understood as large-scale televised performances meant to integrate society, has received a variety of alternative interpretations. The critique of media events’ ceremonial model mainly follows three directions: (1) the restrictions of the neo-Durkheimian paradigm, which emphasizes the consensual nature of media events; (2) the narrowness of the initial definition of media events’ genre and its three scenarios (“conquests”, “contests”, “coronations”); (3) consideration of media events as televised phenomena only, without taking into account other types of media and their interaction. This article shows that one of the possible extensions of Dayan and Katz’s theory can be to develop the concept of transformative media events, which are understood as mediatized social dramas framing the renewal of the social order or its basic institutions. Special attention is paid to methodological difficulties involved in identifying the criteria of transformative media events. For instance, the matter of whether events which have not led to significant social changes (such as failed protest actions) can be considered transformative; whether the event’s “vector” (progressive or regressive) should be taken into account; which levels and segments of social life allow for the emergence of phenomena which can qualify as transformative media events — all of these questions remain open. The article emphasizes that these conceptual difficulties are connected to the more fundamental problem of distinguishing between media events and non-media-events in the digital era. The conclusion contains some thoughts as to why the discussion about “the end of media events” is still far from over.
Demographic Self-Regulation in Terms of Population Growth and Decline
Authors: Sinelnikov Alexander B.
Published: December 2019

The author of this article A.B. Sinelnikov polemizes with A.G. Vishnevsky and asks him several questions. Vishnevsky considers the population as a self-regulating system. This system itself brings its size (number of inhabitants) in line with the economic and environmental situation. Vishnevsky considers state intervention in the process of demographic self-regulation to be ineffective, when it comes to measures aimed at increasing birth rate. According to Sinelnikov, self-regulation can slow down population growth (“demographic explosion”). However, there is no self-regulation to protect against natural population decline (depopulation). This problem can only be solved through demographic policy.
DIRETRIZES GERAIS DA AÇÃO EVANGELIZADORA DA IGREJA DO BRASIL 2019-2023
Authors: Junior Francisco De Aquino
Published: December 2019

Nos dias 1 a 10 de maio aconteceu em Aparecida do Norte a 57ª Assembleia Geral da CNBB. Nesta assembleia, os bispos aprovaram as Diretrizes Gerais da Ação Evangelizadora da Igreja no Brasil (DGAE) para os anos 2019-2023. Trata-se de um texto importante, na medida em que ele orienta os processos de planejamento pastoral dos vários regionais da CNBB e das várias dioceses e pa­róquias da Igreja do Brasil. Em vista de uma “recepção criativa” dessas diretrizes nos vários contextos e setores da Igreja em nosso país, ofereceremos uma visão panorâmica do texto e indicaremos algumas ambiguidades e alguns desafios do texto que se não farem considerados e enfrentados com seriedade comprometerão profundamente a eficácia da ação evangelizadora que pretende orientar e dinamizar.
DECOLONIALIDADE E LIBERTAÇÃO DA TEOLOGIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA: DA LIBERTAÇÃO À DECOLONIALIDADE
Authors: Albuquerque Francisco Das Chagas de
Published: December 2019

A modernidade centro-europeia que atinge o Novo Mundo no início do século XVI se estabelece nesse território como colonialidade. Para consolidar o projeto colonizador desenvolveu um padrão de poder tendo por base duas noções: “ideia de raça” e de “América Latina”, que foram instrumentos de submissão dos habitantes nativos. Os conceitos e a cosmovisão que difundiram se alicerçavam nessas noções marcadas pelo preconceito e discriminação, uma total negação da alteridade. A teologia veiculada pelos agentes do colonialismo, em geral, contribui para a consecução dos objetivos colonialistas. No século XX, na América Latina, a Teologia da Libertação se constitui em fator de transformação dessa situação. Trata-se de um pensar teológico libertador, ainda que com marcas da modernida­de. Assim, Teologia latino-americana da libertação representa uma proposta, um passo para a decolonialidade da teologia, que necessita assumir mais plenamente a realidade local em sua ampla diversidade.
p75NTR as a Molecular Memory Switch
Authors: Ning Shen , Jorfi Mehdi
Published: December 2019

In recent years, many molecular and environmental factors have been studied to understand how synaptic plasticity is modulated. Sleep, as an evolutionary conserved biological function, has shown to be a critical player for the consolidation and filtering of synaptic circuitry underlying memory traces. Although sleep disturbances do not alter normal memory consolidation, they may reflect fundamental circuit malfunctions that can play a significant role in exacerbating diseases, such as autism and Alzheimer’s disease. Very recently, scientists sought to answer part of this enigma and they identified p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) as a critical player in mediating impairments in hippocampal-dependent associative plasticity upon sleep deprivation. This paper will review the role of the p75NTR, critically discuss the impact and implications of this research as the bridge for sleep research and neurological diseases.
TRPC channels: Dysregulation and Ca2+ Mishandling In Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Falcon Debora , Galeano-Otero Isabel , Martín-Bórnez Marta , Fernández-Velasco María , Gallardo-Castillo Isabel , Rosado Juan Antonio , Ordonez Antonio , Smani Tarik
Published: December 2019

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are ubiquitously expressed in excitable and non-excitable cardiac cells where they sense and respond to a wide variety of physical and chemical stimuli. As other TRP, TRPC may form homo or heterotetrameric ion channel, and they can associate with other membrane receptors and ion channels to regulate intracellular calcium concentration. Dysfunctions of TRPC channels are involved in many types of cardiovascular diseases. Significant increase of the expression of different TRPC isoforms has been observed in different animal model of heart infarcts, and in vitro experimental model of ischemia and reperfusion. TRPC-mediated increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration seems required for the activation of signaling pathway that plays minor roles in the healthy heart, but they are more relevant for cardiac responses to ischemia, such as the activation of different factors of transcription and cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will highlight the current knowledge regarding TRPC implication in different cellular processes related to ischemia and reperfusion, and to heart infarction.
Characterization of Historical Trends of Droughts and Pluvial Scenarios over Kenya, East Africa
Authors: AYUGI Brian , Tan Guirong , Rouyun Niu , Zeyao Dong , Ojara Moses , Mumo Lucia , Babaousmail Hassen , Ongoma Victor
Published: December 2019

This work examines drought and pluvial events based on Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over Kenya from 1981 to 2016. Spatiotemporal analysis of dry and wet events is conducted for 3 and 12-month SPEI. The drought incidences were observed during the period 1984, 1987, 2000, 2006, 2009, 2015, and 2016 for SPEI-3 whilst the SPEI-12 demonstrated the manifestation of drought during the year 2000 and 2006. SPEI clearly shows the wettest period, 1997 and 1998 coinciding with the El Nino event in both time steps. SPEI -3 shows a reduction in moderate drought events while severe and extreme cases were on increase towards the end of the twentieth century. Conversely, SPEI-12 depicts an overall severe drought occurrence over the study location with observed intensity of -1.54 and cumulative frequency of 64 months during the study period. The trend of wet events is upwards in the western and central highlands while the rest of the regions show increase in dry events during the study period. Moreover, moderate dry/wet events predominate whilst extreme events occur least frequent across all grid cells. It is apparent that the study area experiences mild extreme dry events in both categories although moderately severe dry events dominate most parts of the study area. High intensity and frequency of drought is noted in SPEI-3 while least occurrences of extreme events are recorded in SPEI-12. Although drought event prevails across the study area, there is evidence of extreme flood conditions over the recent decades.
Predicting the Trend of Dissolved Oxygen based on kPCA-RNN Model
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Fitch Peter , Thorburn Peter J.
Published: December 2019

Water quality forecasting is increasingly significant for agricultural management and environmental protection. Enormous amounts of water quality data are increasingly being collected by advanced sensors, which leads to an interest in using data-driven models for predicting trends in water quality. However, the unpredictable background noises introduced during water quality monitoring seriously degrade the performance of those models. Meanwhile, artificial neural networks (ANN) with feed-forward architecture lack the capability of maintaining and utilizing the accumulated temporal information, which leads to biased predictions in processing time series data. Hence, we propose a water quality predictive model based on a combination of Kernal Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to forecast the trend of dissolved oxygen. Water quality variables are reconstructed based on kPCA method, which aims to reduce the noise from the raw sensory data and preserve actionable information. With the RNN's recurrent connections, our model can make use of the previous information in predicting the trend in the future. Data collected from Burnett River, Australia was applied to evaluate our kPCA-RNN model. The kPCA-RNN model achieved R2 scores up to 0.908, 0.823 and 0.671 for predicting the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the upcoming 1, 2 and 3 hours, respectively. Compared to current data-driven methods like ANN and SVR, the predictive accuracy of the kPCA-RNN model was at least 8 %, 17 % and 21 % better than the comparative models in these 3 cases. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the kPAC-RNN modeling technique in predicting water quality variables with noisy sensory data.