bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonialismo, deportación de cubanos y raza en tiempos de paz (1864-1867)
Authors: Bachero Bachero Juan Luis
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo examina como a partir de 1864, siendo Capitán general de Cuba Domingo Dulce, comenzó una política de deportaciones de delincuentes e individuos considerados de «mal vivir». Se analiza asimismo a través de las fuentes documentales del Ministerio de Ultramar, los papeles de la colonia de Fernando Poo y los generados en la propia Cuba, cómo las autoridades antillanas justificaron las deportaciones apelando a un supuesto incremento en la criminalidad, que les permitió imponer un orden social cada vez más restrictivo en momentos de incertidumbre socioeconómica y política. La importancia de la deportación como método de control social se incrementaría en 1866 con el comienzo de una grave crisis económica, una situación social todavía más degradada, una expansión del independentismo y un nuevo Capitán general, Francisco Lersundi, de tendencia más conservadora. Estas actuaciones no pueden estar desligadas de las teorías criminológicas de la época, que determinaron la salida de la colonia de los deportados, el modo en que se llevó a cabo y las condiciones a las que fueron sometidos en los puntos de remisión.
Steganalysis of AMR Based on Statistical Features of Pitch Delay
Authors: Wu Yanpeng , Zhang Huiji , Sun Yi , Chen Minghui
Published: September 2019

The calibrated matrix of the second-order difference of the pitch delay (C-MSDPD) feature has been proven to be effective in detecting steganography based on pitch delay. In this article, a new steganalysis scheme based on multiple statistical features of pitch delay is present. Analyzing the principle of the adaptive multi-rate (AMR) codec, the pitch delay values in the same frame is divided into groups, in each of which, a pitch delay has a closer correlation with the other ones. To depict the characteristic of the pitch delay, two new types of statistical features are adopted in this article. The new features and C-MSDPD feature are together employed to train a classifier based on support vector machine (SVM). The experimental result shows that, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing one at different embedding bit rates and with different speech lengths.
A New Kind of High Capacity and Security Reversible Data Hiding Scheme
Authors: Ma Bin , Wang Xiao-Yu , Li Bing
Published: September 2019

A novel high capacity and security reversible data hiding scheme is proposed in this article, in which the secret data is represented by different orthogonal spreading sequences and repeatedly embedded into the cover image without disturbing each other in the light of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technique, and thus the embedding capacity is enlarged. As most elements of orthogonal spreading sequences are mutually canceled in the process of repeated embedding, it keeps the distortion of the embedded image at a low level even with high embedding capacity. Moreover, only the receiver who has the spreading sequence and the embedding gain factor the same as the sender can extract the secret data and achieve the original image exactly, thus the proposed scheme achieves high embedding security than other schemes. The results of the experiment demonstrates that the CDMA based reversible data hiding scheme could achieve higher image quality at moderate-to-high embedding capacity compared with other state-of-the-art schemes.
Design and Demonstration of Glass Panel Embedding for 3D System Packages for Heterogeneous Integration Applications
Authors: Ravichandran Siddharth , Yamada Shuhei , Ogawa Tomonori , Shi Tailong , Liu Fuhan , Smet Vanessa , Sundaram Venky , Tummala Rao
Published: September 2019

This article demonstrates a next-generation high-performance 3D packaging technology with smaller form factor, excellent electrical performance, and reliability for heterogeneous integration. High-density logic-memory integration, today, is built predominantly using interposers which are fundamentally limited in assembly pitch and interconnect lengths, and they also are expensive as the package sizes increase. On the other hand, high-frequency applications continue to use laminates which are also limited by package size and ability to integrate many components. Wafer-level fan-out (WLFO) packaging promises better performance and form factor at lower costs, but current WLFO packages are mold-based and hence are limited to small packages. This article presents a 3D packaging technology using glass panel embedding (GPE) for high-performance with potential for large body size heterogeneous integration applications. The tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion of glass allows a reliable direct board attach of large GPE packages that not only benefits the form factor and signal speed but also provides radical benefits to power delivery. Unlike interposers and silicon bridges, GPE packages are not bump-limited and can support I/O densities comparable with backend-of-line with silicon-like redistribution wiring at much lower costs. The fundamental limitations such as die shift and poor dimensional stability of current organic WLFO packages are addressed by parametric process improvements to reduce die shift to <2 μm while also improving the RDL surface planarity for high-yielding fine-line structures and integrating through glass via (TGV) in the fan-out region for 3D packaging. This article describes the fabrication process for 3D GPE, leading to demonstration of a technology using embedding of chips with all-Cu interconnections at 40-μm I/O pitch with TGVs at 300-μm pitch, thus enabling double-side RDL and assembly of chips to achieve three levels of device integration.
Increased platelets count in HIV-1 uninfected infants born from HIV-1 infected mothers
Authors: Maloupazoa Siawaya Anicet Christel , Mveang-Nzoghe Amandine , Mbani Mpega Chérone Nancy , Leboueny Marielle , Mvoundza Ndjindji Ofilia , Mintsa Ndong Armel , Essone Paulin N. , Djoba Siawaya Joel Fleury
Published: September 2019

HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) represent a growing population in developing countries including Gabon. Several studies have shown the vulnerability of these infants toward infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to contribute to the global effort to understand how HIVexposure or anti retroviral therapy affects infants’ blood elements. We assessed HEU infants’ complete blood count using a blood analyzer instrument. Our investigations showed that among the observed clinically relevant hematological abnormalities events, thrombocytosis was the most prevalent clinically relevant hematological abnormality associated with HEU infants’. We showed that HEU infants had significantly higher platelets count than HUinfants. Therefore, higher level of platelets seems to characterize HEU infants when compared to HU infants.
Birth outcomes following antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy: Initial results from a pregnancy exposure registry in South Africa
Authors: Mehta Ushma C. , Van Schalkwyk Cari , Naidoo Prineetha , Ramkissoon Arthi , Mhlongo Otty , Maharaj Niren R. , Naidoo Niree , Fieggen Karen , Urban Michael F. , Krog Shaun , Welte Alex , Dheda Mukesh , Pillay Yogan , Moran Neil F.
Published: September 2019

Background: In 2013, a pregnancy exposure registry and birth defects surveillance (PER/BDS) system was initiated in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), to assess the impact of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on birth outcomes.Objectives: At the end of the first year, we assessed the risk of major congenital malformations (CM) and other adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) detected at birth, in children born to women exposed to ART during pregnancy.Method: Data were collected from women who delivered at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, from 07 October 2013 to 06 October 2014, using medicine exposure histories and birth outcomes from maternal interviews, clinical records and neonatal surface examination. Singleton births exposed to only one ART regimen were included in bivariable analysis for CM risk and multivariate risk analysis for ABO risk.Results: Data were collected from 10 417 women with 10 517 birth outcomes (4013 [38.5%] HIV-infected). Congenital malformations rates in births exposed to Efavirenz during the first trimester (T1) (RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.12–6.4; p = 0.895]) were similar to births not exposed to ART during T1. However, T1 exposure to Nevirapine was associated with the increased risk of CM (RR 9.28 [95% CI 2.3–37.9; p = 0.002]) when compared to the same group. Other ABOs were more frequent in the combination of HIV/ART-exposed births compared to HIV-unexposed births (29.9% vs. 26.0%, adjusted RR 1.23 [1.14–1.31; p 0.001]).Conclusion: No association between T1 use of EFV-based ART regimens and CM was observed. Associations between T1 NVP-based ART regimen and CM need further investigation. HIV- and ART-exposed infants had more ABOs compared to HIV-unexposed infants.
One-Minute Deep Breathing Assessment and its Relationship to 24-h Heart Rate Variability Measurements
Authors: McCraty Rollin , Atkinson Mike , Dispenza Joe
Published: September 2019

Background:

Heart rate variability (HRV), the change in the time intervals between successive pairs of heartbeats, is influenced by interdependent regulatory systems operating over different time scales to adapt to psychological challenges and environmental demands. Low ageadjusted HRV is predictive of upcoming health challenges in healthy people as well as a wide range of diseases in patients and correlates with allcause mortality. 24h HRV recordings are considered the “gold standard” and have greater predictive power on health risk than shortterm recordings. However, it is not typically costeffective or practical to acquire 24h HRV recordings. This has led to the growing use of shortterm recordings in research and clinical assessments.

Objective:

The first study examined the correlations between a 10min restingstate period, a 1min paced deep breathing protocol, response to handgrip, and 24h HRV measures in 28 healthy individuals. Based on the results of the initial study, the primary study examined the correlations between the 1min paced deep breathing assessment and 24h measures in a general population of 805 individuals.

Results:

The highest correlations for the HRV variables were with the vagally mediated sources of HRV. The 1min paced deep breathing was positively correlated with 24h highfrequency power (r = 0.60, P < 0.01), root mean square of successive difference (r = 0.62, P < 0.01), lowfrequency (LF) power (r = 0.64, P < 0.01), veryLF power (r = 0.57, P < 0.01) total power (r = 0.42, P < 0.01), standard deviation of normaltonormal interval (SDNN) index (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), and SDNN (r = 0.41, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

The findings from this study suggest that the 1min paced deep breathing protocol is an ideal shortterm assessment that can be used in a health risk screening context. When low values are observed, it is recommended that a 24h assessment be conducted.
On Some Topological Properties of Fourier Transforms of Regular Holonomic -Modules
Authors: Ito Yohei , Takeuchi Kiyoshi
Published: September 2019

We study Fourier transforms of regular holonomic ${\mathcal{D}}$-modules. In particular, we show that their solution complexes are monodromic. An application to direct images of some irregular holonomic ${\mathcal{D}}$-modules will be given. Moreover, we give a new proof of the classical theorem of Brylinski and improve it by showing its converse.
Philosophy as Sophia and Phronēsis: interrogating Oladele Balogun’s contribution to African philosophy
Authors: Oyeshile Olatunji A. , Oladebo Omotayo A.
Published: September 2019

Philosophy, going by its historical trajectory emerged from a thorough-going quest for understanding the world. This ‘understanding’ is held, on the one hand, as an end in itself and, on the other hand, as a further means to manipulating the ‘other,’ object-world, to the ‘self’ or the subject-inquirer’s, upliftment/development. In this chapter, this dichotomy is revisited. We take a terse look at Balogun’s oeuvre in African philosophy, which essentially exemplifies the preceding dichotomy. Balogun, from our analysis, sought ingenious approaches to bridging the sharp divide between the advocates of pure-theoretical philosophy—Sophia—and praxis-oriented philosophy— Phronēsis. We employ Balogun’s contributions to social-ordering, statecrafting, culture and development as the base for our intervention and go on to argue that his ideas can be strengthened through a culture of activism and education. The African philosopher, we contend, should play a more serious role in the public-sphere. Our approach is conversational in style. We submit that philosophy must move beyond analyses to including making practicable interventions on issues of existence. The context of our inquiry is the traditional Yoruba thought system as it is implicated in the Nigerian state.Keywords: Traditional African Philosophy, Oladele Balogun, African development, Yoruba thought system, Sophia and Phronēsis
Constituição dos saberes da formação profissional no curso de licenciatura em Matemática para o ensino de estatística
Authors: Damin Willian , Santos Junior Guataçara Dos , Pereira Rudolph Dos Santos Gomes
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste presente artigo é apresentar as contribuições da oferta de um Projeto de Ensino de Estatística para a Educação Básica na formação inicial de professores de Matemática para a constituição dos saberes da formação profissional. O Projeto de Ensino de Estatística foi ofertado na modalidade presencial com carga horária total de 36 aulas de 50 (cinquenta) minutos cada, utilizadas para leitura de textos na área da Educação Estatística, realizar tarefas estatísticas, construir/analisar materias didáticos para o ensino de Estatística e Probabilidade, as competências estatísticas e o seu desenvolvimento na Educação Básica, realização de projetos de investigação estatística, confecção do memorial e narrativas de aprendizagem. Para a análise dos dados pautou-se na análise textual discursiva, que, permitiu categorizar os dados e interpretá-los de acordo com as falas dos licenciandos. Analisa-se a subcategoria Saberes provenientes da formação profissional e as suas unidades: saberes pedagógicos do conteúdo; saberes das ciências da educação/conhecimento de teorias e princípios educacionais e saberes do contexto educacional. As análises indicaram que os licenciandos demonstram conhecer formas de como abordar a Estatística e Probabilidade na Educação Básica e fazem referência ao contexto escolar. Definem e indicam aproximações das teorias pertencentes à Educação Estatística com o ensino e a aprendizagem.
Pesquisas brasileiras em Educação Estatística na infância: suas contribuições para o campo de investigação e para a prática
Authors: Buehring Roberta Schnorr , Grando Regina Célia
Published: September 2019

Nos últimos anos o campo de investigação em Educação Estatística tem impulsionado reformas curriculares, políticas públicas e práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula da Educação Básica brasileira. Com a finalidade de compreender o impacto e a abrangência da inserção deste campo nos estudos educacionais, este estudo buscou mapear as pesquisas sobre Educação Estatística na Infância desenvolvidas no Brasil, destacando suas temáticas, seus referenciais teóricos e metodológicos e principais resultados e conclusões. O trabalho traz contribuições significativas para compreender os avanços da pesquisa, reconhecer a diversidade teórica e metodológica de investigação, os temas privilegiados, bem como as lacunas a serem ainda investigadas.
Conceptos fundamentales y sus propiedades clave en probabilidad: cómo identificarlos y proporcionar intuiciones que los sostengan
Authors: Borovcnik Manfred
Published: September 2019

A probabilidade destaca-se por conceitos teóricos, que são distantes de ser intuitivos. O primeiro passo deve identificar conceitos-chave; o segundo deve clarificar estes conceitos não só utilização de instrumentos matemáticos ilustrando o seu valor no contexto ou as suas propriedades específicas. Concentramo-nos em facetas da probabilidade que levam em conta a vinculação das suas várias interpretações ou aquela probabilidade de conexão à inferência estatística. Declaramos novamente problemas fundamentais com a probabilidade que resultam da especificidade do conceito e o objetivo com o qual “se projetou”. Esta especificidade necessita estratégias de Meta que vão longe além da instrução dos detalhes matemáticos. Neste artigo, concentramo-nos em aspectos teóricos de ideias-chave da probabilidade e como fornecer intuição e imagens que são sustentáveis.
Salinity-depending carbon and nitrogen uptake of two intertidal foraminifera (Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica)
Authors: Lintner Michael , Biedrawa Bianca , Wukovits Julia , Wanek Wolfgang , Heinz Petra
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Benthic foraminifera are abundant marine protists which play an important role in the transfer of energy in the form of organic matter and nutrients to higher trophic levels. Due to their aquatic lifestyle, factors such as water temperature, salinity and pH are key drivers controlling biomass turnover through foraminifera. In this study the influence of salinity on the feeding activity of foraminifera was tested. Two species, Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica, were collected from a mudflat in northern Germany (Friedrichskoog) and cultured in the laboratory at 20 °C and a light/dark cycle of 16:8 h. A lyophilized algal powder from Dunaliella tertiolecta, which was isotopically enriched with 13C and 15N, was used as a food source. The feeding experiments were carried out at salinity levels of 11, 24 and 37 practical salinity units (PSU) and were terminated after 1, 5 and 14 days. The quantification of isotope incorporation was carried out by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Ammonia tepida exhibited a 10-fold higher food uptake compared to H. germanica. Furthermore, in A. tepida the food uptake increased with increasing salinity but not in H. germanica. Over time (from 1–5 d to 14 d) food C retention increased relative to food N in A. tepida while the opposite was observed for H. germanica. This shows, that if the salinity in the German Wadden Sea increases, A. tepida is predicted to exhibit a higher C and N uptake and turnover than H. germanica, with accompanying changes in C and N cycling through the foraminiferal community. The results of this study show how complex and differently food C and N processing of foraminiferal species respond to time and to environmental conditions such as salinity.
Explaining interdecadal salinity changes in the Baltic Sea in a 1850–2008 hindcast simulation
Authors: Radtke Hagen , Brunnabend Sandra-Esther , Gräwe Ulf , Meier H. E. Markus
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The detection of historical long-term trends is often complicated by interdecadal variability in the time series of interest. A mechanistic understanding of the causes of this variability allows to separate the signals. Salinity of the Baltic Sea contains a dominant 30-year cycle with a peak-to-peak amplitude of around 0.4 g kg−1 at the surface. We use both analysis of empirical data and a numerical model reconstruction for the period of 1850–2008 to explain these changes. It is known that the 30-year periodicity coincides with a variability in river runoff. Periods of enhanced runoff are followed by lower salinities. We demonstrate, however, that the drop in mean salinity cannot be understood as a simple dilution of the Baltic Sea water by freshwater. Rather, the 30-year periodicity in river runoff occurs synchronously with a substantial variation in salt water import across Darss Sill. Fewer strong inflow events occur in periods of enhanced river runoff. This reduction in the import of high-salinity water is the main reason for the freshening of the water below the permanent halocline. In the bottom waters, the variation in salinity is larger than at the surface. As a consequence, the surface layer salinity variation is caused by a combination of both effects, a direct dilution by river water and a reduced upward diffusion of salt as a consequence of reduced inflow activity. It remains unclear whether the covariation in river runoff and inflow activity are only a spurious correlation during the historical period, or a mechanistic link exists between the two quantities, e.g. both are caused by the same atmospheric patterns.
On the time evolution of ENSO and its teleconnections in an ensemble view – a new perspective
Authors: Haszpra Tímea , Herein Mátyás , Bódai Tamás
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and its precipitation-related teleconnections over the Globe under climate change are investigated in the Community Earth System Model's Large Ensemble from 1950 to 2100. For the investigation, a recently developed ensemble-based method, the snapshot empirical orthogonal function (SEOF) analysis is used. The instantaneous ENSO pattern is defined as the leading mode of the SEOF analysis carried out at a given time instant over the ensemble. The corresponding principal components (PC1s) characterize the ENSO phases. We find that the largest amplitude changes in the variability of the sea surface temperature fields occur in the June–July–August–September (JJAS) season, in the Niño3–Niño3.4 region and in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, however, the increase is also considerable along the Equator in December–January–February (DJF). The Niño3 amplitude shows also an increase of about 20 % and 10 % in JJAS and DJF, respectively. The strength of the precipitation-related teleconnections of the ENSO is found to be non-stationary, as well. For example, the anti-correlation with precipitation in Australia in JJAS and the positive correlation in Central and North Africa in DJF are predicted to be more pronounced by the end of the 21th century. Half-year-lagged correlations, aiming to predict precipitation conditions from ENSO phases, are also studied. The Australian, Indonesian precipitation and that of the eastern part of Africa in both JJAS and DJF seem to be well predictable based on ENSO phase, while the South Indian precipitation is in relation with the half-year previous ENSO phase only in DJF. The strength of these connections increases, especially from the African region to the Arabian Peninsula.
Lithology and orographic precipitation control river incision in the
tropical Andes
Authors: Campforts Benjamin , Vanacker Veerle , Herman Frédéric , Vanmaercke Matthias , Schwanghart Wolfgang , Tenorio Gustavo E. , Willems Patrick , Govers Gerard
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Process-based geomorphic transport laws enable to assess the impact of rainfall variability on bedrock river incision over geological timescales. However, isolating the role of rainfall variability on erosion remains difficult in natural environments in part because the variability of rock strength and its resistance to incision are poorly constrained. Here, we explore spatial differences in the rate of bedrock river incision in the Tropical Andes. The Ecuadorian Andes are characterized by strong rainfall gradients due to orographic precipitation sourced in the Amazon basin. In addition, the tectonic configuration has generated a profound lithological heterogeneity. The relative role of either these controls in modulating river incision on millennial time scales, however, remains unclear. Using 10Be catchment-wide erosion rates, meteorological and hydrological data, as well as data on bedrock erodibility, we provide quantitative constraints on the importance of rainfall variability and lithological variations. Explicit incorporation of rock erodibility in river incision models predicated on the stream power equation enables us to identify a first order control of lithology on river incision rates. Rainfall variability based on a spatially and temporally explicit hydrological dataset and a stochastic-threshold river incision model explain regional differences in river incision that cannot be attributed to topographical and/or lithological variability.
The relative contributions of scattering and viscoelasticity to the attenuation of S waves in Earth's mantle
Authors: deSilva Susini , Cormier Vernon F.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The relative contributions of scattering and viscoelastic attenuation to the apparent attenuation of seismic body waves are estimated from synthetic and observed S waves multiply reflected from Earth’s surface and the core-mantle boundary. The synthetic seismograms include the effects of viscoelasticity and scattering from small-scale heterogeneity predicted from both global tomography and from thermodynamic models of mantle heterogeneity that have been verified from amplitude coherence measurements of body waves observed at dense arrays. Assuming thermodynamic models provide an estimate of the maximum plausible power of heterogeneity measured by elastic velocity and density fluctuations, we predict a maximum scattering contribution of 43 % to the total measured attenuation of mantle S waves having a dominant frequency of 0.05 Hz. The contributions of scattering in the upper and lower mantle to the total apparent attenuation are estimated to be roughly equal. The relative strength of the coda surrounding observed ScSn waves from deep focus earthquakes is not consistent with a mantle having zero intrinsic attenuation.
Junge Menschen, kommt ans Bauhaus! [¡Jóvenes, venid a la Bauhaus!]
Authors: García-Ramos Francisco José , Jiménez Gómez Isidro
Published: September 2019

¡Jóvenes, venid a la Bauhaus!
Pervivencia y evolución de lugares y valores de la argumentación en la publicidad gráfica
Authors: Carrere Alberto
Published: September 2019

A partir de fuentes clásicas y contemporáneas de retórica, publicidad y diseño, junto al análisis cualitativo de ejemplos, se explican los tipos y características de los lugares (o tópicos) más relevantes, ya sean concebidos como contenedores de argumentos o como estereotipos. Incluso, se adelanta la posibilidad futura de investigar específicamente una tópica visual. Se ha constatado la importancia de la jerarquización y variabilidad de los valores en función del contexto: según el asunto, los posibles destinatarios y grupos sociales, así como su evolución con la propia sociedad. La tradicional promesa publicitaria de beneficio conecta con los valores en su papel argumentativo y ha experimentado una evolución desde el argumento racional, privilegiado en la publicidad de mediados del siglo XX, hacia la conexión personal con la marca, a través de la experiencia emocional, sensorial o estética. Precisamente, estos últimos son efectos buscados por los recursos gráficos o retóricos, lo que hace ver la necesidad de que la argumentación sea creativa, así como la inseparable relación entre argumentación (inventio) y expresión (elocutio) verbal y visual.
El concurso de carteles para la festividad de Santa Bárbara de 1923. Formación militar y artística en la Academia de Artillería de Segovia
Authors: López López María Aurora , Egaña Casariego Francisco , Rodrigo Martín Luis
Published: September 2019

Este manuscrito pone de manifiesto la importancia que se concedía a la formación humanística, artística y cultural en los planes de estudio de la Academia de Artillería a comienzos del Siglo XX. Así, a través del hallazgo de una colección única de postales, consideradas reproducciones fieles de carteles, y cuya creación motivó la festividad de Santa Bárbara de 1923, se ha podido demostrar el alto nivel en materia de dibujo artístico que adquirían los cadetes de la institución, así como la importancia del cartel publicitario como soporte para la transmisión de información sobre las actividades realizadas por la Academia de Artillería de Segovia y como elemento de proyección de identidad de la mencionada institución en el panorama local y nacional. En este sentido, son notables las relaciones y semejanzas que las piezas analizadas guardan con el art déco y fenómenos artísticos como El Cartel, al permitir comparaciones con obras de tan prestigiosos pintores y cartelistas como fueron Ribas, Penagos y Bartolozzi. Además, esta colección constituye, hoy en día, uno de los últimos vestigios con autenticidad propia que marcan un antes y un después en el tipo de formación de la Academia de Artillería, por entonces claramente humanística, y que cambió irreversiblemente con la entrada de la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera, la cual trajo consigo una gran merma de la calidad de las enseñanzas militares del cuerpo y su sometimiento a un estilo pedagógico de marcado carácter autoritario y beligerante.
Assessing the eHealth literacy skills of family caregivers of medically ill elderly
Authors: Soleimaninejad Ali , Valizadeh-Haghi Saeideh , Rahmatizadeh Shahabedin
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of current research is to assess the eHealth literacy level in the family caregivers of the elderly with hypertension and type-II diabetes. Methods: A total of 160 caregivers completed the eHEALS questionnaire. The effect of participants' gender, education, and age on eHealth literacy was evaluated. For evaluation of the correlation between the accession of health information importance and the internet usefulness for decision-making, Spearman’s correlation coefficient was applied.Results: The participants eHealth literacy mean score was 26.163(SD=8.83). The age of participants had a meaningful impact on the level of eHealth literacy (t=6.074; P<0.001). Furthermore, among variant education levels in terms of eHealth literacy score significant differences existed (F=5.222; P=0.001).Discussion: Family caregivers have a poor level of eHealth literacy. eHealth information is more important for family caregivers with a higher eHealth literacy, which may be due to their higher skills in obtaining health and medical information from the internet. Caregivers' age should be considered once recommending them for the internet using to obtain health information, as the age was an affecting factor. Conclusion: Health centers and authorities in charge of the elderly health are recommended to train caregivers with proper skills to use online health information, such that the elderly enjoy the benefits, including improved care conditions and savings in terms of treatment costs and time.
Process Mining of Incoming Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Hendricks Renee
Published: September 2019

Data mining is a technique for analyzing large amounts of data, in various formats, often called Big Data, in order to gain knowledge about it. The healthcare industry is the next Big Data area of interest as its large variability in patients, their health status and their records which can include image scans, graphical test results, and hand-written physician notes, has been untapped for analysis. In addition to data mining, there is a newer analysis method called process mining. Process mining is similar to data mining in that large data files are reviewed and analyzed, but in this case, event logs specific to a particular process or series of processes, are analyzed. Process mining allows one to understand the initial baseline, determine any bottlenecks or resource constraints, and evaluate a recently implemented change. Process mining was conducted on a hospital event log of patients entering the emergency room with sepsis, to better understand this newer analysis method, to highlight the information discovered, and to determine its role with data mining. Not only did the analysis of the event logs provide process mapping and process analysis, but it also highlighted areas in the clinical operations in need of further investigation, including a possible relationship with patient re-admission and their release method. In addition, the data mining method of creating a histogram, of the process data, was applied, allowing data mining and process mining to be utilized complimentary.
Development and Implementation of Electronic Disease Early Warning Systems for Optimal Disease Surveillance and Response during Humanitarian Crisis and Ebola Outbreak in Yemen, Somalia, Liberia and Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Bukhari Muhammad Arish Salam , Dauod Mohammad Altaf , Lugala Peter Clement , Popal Ghulam Rabani , Abouzeid Alaa , Lamunu Margaret
Published: September 2019

Objective: To share lessons learned with experience in concept development of electronic disease early warning system (eDEWS) as a standardized informatic tool for optimal disease surveillance for early warning and response Network (EWARN) during humanitarian crisis.Methods: We did literature search, review and analysis to document system attributes of existing electronic tools being used for disease surveillance, early warning and health management information system (HMIS). We generated baseline information and conducted multiple planning sessions with stakeholders for EWARN system requirement elicitation and validation to inform concept development of standardized electronic tool.Results: We identified 98 electronic health projects, classified 22 projects under ‘Disease and epidemic outbreak surveillance’ theme, whereas only four electronic tools met our selection criteria and were reported to be implemented in humanitarian settings complimentary to EWARN. Baseline information was obtained to guide work on requirement gathering and analysis process, and development of concept for a standardized electronic tool for EWARN.Discussion: The eDEWS was enhanced with an objective to develop standardize electronic tools and data collection procedures to monitor diseases and health events for alert detection in global humanitarian settings. The enhanced system could be harnessed as a powerful tool by outbreak response teams in getting vital epidemiological information for appropriate and timely response during emergencies.Conclusion: eDEWS experiences in Yemen, Somalia, Liberia and Pakistan offers an opportunity to learn and apply lessons to improve future health informatics initiatives or adapt eDEWS as a feasible standardized approach to enhance EWARN implementation during humanitarian crisis, and potential integration into routine surveillance systems.
The design and evaluation of a Bayesian system for detecting and characterizing outbreaks of influenza
Authors: Millett Nicholas E. , Aronis John M. , Wagner Michael M. , Tsui Fuchiang , Ye Ye , Ferraro Jeffrey P. , Haug Peter J. , Gesteland Per , Cooper Gregory F.
Published: September 2019

The prediction and characterization of outbreaks of infectious diseases such as influenza remains an open and important problem.  This paper describes a framework for detecting and characterizing outbreaks of influenza and the results of testing it on data from ten outbreaks collected from two locations over five years.  We model outbreaks with compartment models and expliccitly model non-influenza influenza-like illnesses.
ALUNOS “EM CENA”: PESQUISA PEDAGÓGICA COM MÍDIAS TECNOLÓGICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR
Authors: De Oliveira Carvalho Renata , Ceni Lopes Andressa , Ribeiro de Quadros Lediana , Nichele Pereira Liziane , Gomes Sousa-Filho Paulo
Published: September 2019

O estudo apresenta como objetivo fomentar o uso das mídias tecnológicas e digitais no âmbito escolar, bem como proporcionar aos discentes uma experiência que estabelecesse uma aproximação dos conteúdos da Educação Física escolar ao seu cotidiano. Os estudantes trouxeram encenações teatrais, roteiros educativos e descritivos, filmagens de cidadãos e cidadãs da cidade em atividades diversas. Consideramos que as possibilidades de se trabalhar as mídias digitais nas aulas de Educação Física, ainda que simplórias, constituem-se enriquecedoras, haja vista o envolvimento, o aprendizado e os conhecimentos difundidos através da exploração da linguagem audiovisual entre os discentes.
REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE AS SITUAÇÕES DE APRENDIZAGEM DO TREINADOR BRASILEIRO: MEDIADAS, NÃO MEDIADAS E INTERNAS
Authors: PEREIRA DE SOUZA SOBRINHO ANTÔNIO EVANHOÉ , REZENDE MARQUES PAULO RICARDO , MESQUITA ISABEL , AZEVEDO JÚNIOR MÁRIO RENATO
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre as fontes de aprendizagem dos treinadores brasileiros, a partir da categorização em situações mediadas, não mediadas e internas. As bases de dados ERIC, PubMed, Bireme, Scielo, Lilacs e Google Scholar foram acessadas e 11 estudos foram incluídos para análise. Verificou-se que com relação às situações mediadas, os treinadores brasileiros recorrem aos cursos de formação acadêmica e os cursos de curta duração. A experiência tanto enquanto atleta, como treinador foram as mais recorrentes como situações não mediadas e, por fim, enquanto situação de aprendizagem interna a reflexão aparece de forma robusta em apenas alguns estudos.
Proposal of an Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities for Small Municipalities
Authors: Colvero Diogo Appel , Gomes Ana Paula Duarte , Tarelho Luís António da Cruz , de Matos Manuel Arlindo Amador , Ramalho José Carlos Martins
Published: September 2019

Most Brazilian municipalities are small, i.e., with less than 50,000 inhabitants. In the State of Goiás, for example, 91% of the municipalities are small. Of these, only 4% have their municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed in authorized landfills. Thus, the present study aimed
to propose a municipal solid waste management facility (MSWMF) shared between two small municipalities of the microregion of Chapada dos Veadeiros, in Northeast Goiás. The reason for selecting this microregion is that it is composed only of small municipalities that use waste
dumps for the disposal of their MSW. For this purpose, the areas subject to approval or restricted for the installation of a MSWMF were identified with the aid of a geographic information system (GIS). Also, the host municipality (HM) of the MSWMF proposed for Campos Belos and Monte Alegre
de Goiás was defined with the use of mass geometry methodology. According to the results obtained, 59% of the territories of these two municipalities that will integrate the proposed MSWMF are restricted for the installation of landfills, and Monte Alegre de Goiás was selected
to host the landfill.
Exploration of the Bioethanol Yield of Single and Multi-Substrate Biomass from Cassava Processing Wastes
Authors: Bolade D.O. , Ana G.R.E.E. , Lateef S.A. , Sokan-Adeaga A.A.
Published: September 2019

Cassava processing generates large quantities of wastes which contribute significantly to environmental pollution. These wastes are abundant and inexpensive feedstock for bioethanol production that are available all year round in every region in Nigeria. Despite their wide availability,
optimal generation of bioethanol from these wastes has not been achieved. This study explored the bioethanol yielding potential of single and multi-substrates biomass from cassava processing wastes. Physicochemical characterization of the cassava processing wastes viz: cassava peels (Cp),
cassava pulp (Cpu) and cassava wastewater (Cw) revealed the followings: low pH, cyanide, high total organic carbon and organic matter; low total nitrogen and phosphorus content. Among the single substrates, cassava peels (Cp) gave the highest glucose yield (GY), (48.04 mg/g) and total reducing
sugars (TRS), (103.44 mg/g) respectively; while the combination of cassava peel, pulp (Cpu) and wastewater (Cw) (CpCpuCw) gave the highest GY (61.67±0.03mg/g) and TRS (111.36±0.04mg/g) among the multi-substrates. The ethanol yield obtained from the substrates at 24 hours, 48
hours and 72 hours of fermentation were: Cp (337.5m3/kg, 354.0m3/kg and 348.6m3/kg), Cpu (249.4m3/kg, 270.6m3/kg and 264.6m3/kg), Cw (86.2m3/kg, 109.2m3/kg and 109.0m3/kg), CpCpu (352.3m3/kg,
386.9m3/kg and 381.5m3/kg), CpCw(339.0m3/kg, 370.6m3/kg and 359.4m3/kg), CpuCw (267.9m3/kg, 279.5m3/kg and 271.2m3/kg), and CpCpuCw (408.7m3/kg, 427.5m3/kg and 410.6m3/kg)
respectively. The study revealed that the combination of the three wastes (CpCpuCw) produced the highest GY/TRS and yield of bioethanol among the substrates, while the maximum ethanol yield was obtained at 48 hours of fermentation. Hence bioethanol production from multi-substrates biomass
of cassava processing wastes should be fully explored.
Caught in Time: Performance and Spectatorship inOur Mutual Friend
Authors: Easley Keith
Published: September 2019

The audience for the performances by Dickens's characters in Our Mutual Friend is usually taken to be the reader. This article argues that this relationship is inscribed in the novel by the character-audience relationship within the fiction, which draws us into reconsidering the nature of spectatorship in our reading and in our lives. Those who enable the rule of money would appropriate the power of the audience for themselves and make others helpless spectators of their own lives. Society seems caught in an eternal present that deprives characters of choice and change. Dickens unlocks time through his use of wonder, which encompasses both realism and fantasy, and which shapes the two central romance narratives. In each of them, a triangular relationship between the lovers and a character acting as a catalyst (one benign, the other malign) affords a new temporal perspective that makes change possible, along with a new sense of individual and social identity. For the reader, the two perspectives are incompatible, and since each involves and questions our own spectatorship in the very act of reading, we are driven to choose for ourselves. We must make a decision about time and performance that will have real consequences in our lives.
Measure Reasoning Skill of Mathematics Students
Authors: Mumu Jeinne , Tanujaya Benidiktus
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research was to measure the reasoning skills of mathematics students using a test instrument developed from mathematics routine and non-routine task. The study used research and development method. Development of the instrument and measurement of mathematical reasoning skills using procedure: items preparation (modification task), expert validation, field testing, and data analysis. The field testing involves students of senior high school (SMA Negeri 1) and students of University of Papua, Manokwari West Papua Indonesia. The data analyzed through studying the students’ task solving, the transcripts of their work, interview after the test, identifying the specific task solving situations, and the arguments were supporting the strategy choice and strategy implementation. Result of research shows that student mathematical reasoning can be measured using the instrument test developed from the routine task and non-routine task. This research classifies the reasoning skills of mathematics students into two categories, imitative reasoning, and creative reasoning. Reasoning skills of mathematics students grouping results can be used by various interested institutions to evaluate the test using in mathematics instruction.
Recent Developments in Corporate Governance Codes in the GCC Region
Authors: Salman Mohammed Haitham A. , Nobanee Haitham
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to examine recent developments in corporate governance codes in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region and evaluate to what extent these changes are in line with the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2015 Edition. The paper employed an analytical comparative approach, the results show all GCC countries, except Bahrain, have recently updated their CG codes. Bahrain needs to update its current CG code in terms of the rights of both shareholders and stakeholders to be in line with international best practice. Efforts in the GCC region to enhance CG in listed companies should be continued and expanded to cover state-owned enterprises, sovereign wealth funds, and banks. The findings would be useful to the financial managers in the GCC in complying with the recent developments in corporate governance codes and in developing guidelines for appropriate disclosure to improve the reporting quality.
Predicting Financial Vulnerability in Malaysia: Evidence From the Signals Approach
Authors: Kuek Tai-Hock , Puah Chin-Hong , Arip M. Affendy
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to investigate Malaysia’s vulnerability to a financial crisis. The methodology employed is an extension of the signals approach based on the original work of Kaminsky and Reinhart (1999). By studying the period from 2000M1 to 2016M9, we construct a financial vulnerability indicator (FVI) to measure the development of vulnerabilities in the Malaysian financial system. Our empirical findings unveil that the causes of crises are multidimensional. Notably, economic slowdown, decline in stock price and weak exports contain good predictive power in assessing financial vulnerability to a crisis. This study highlights the significance of internal and external macroeconomic conditions in determining a country’s vulnerability.
Images ‒ Computed tomography urographic appearance of traumatic rupture of renal cyst into the pyelocaliceal system
Authors: Vetrano Elena , Giambelluca Dario , Midiri Massimo , Vella Marco , Salvaggio Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Not required.
Techniques ‒ Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy: How we do it
Authors: Beiko Darren , Razvi Hassan , Bhojani Naeem , Bjazevic Jennifer , Bayne David B. , Tzou David T. , Stoller Marshall L. , Chi Thomas
Published: September 2019

Ultrasonography has emerged as an alternative to fluoroscopy for image-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in many countries. Compared to fluoroscopy-guided PCNL (F-PCNL), ultrasound-guided PCNL (US-PCNL) is easier to learn and reduces radiation exposure to patients and providers. Despite these advantages, uptake of ultrasound-guided PCNL (US-PCNL) in Canada has been almost nonexistent, largely because it is not incorporated into urologists’ training. In this article, we seek to familiarize Canadian urologists with this approach by describing our step-by-step technique for US-PCNL. Additionally, we provide keys to successful implementation of this technique.
The Perceived Role of Risk And Resilience Factors Regarding Children in Middle Childhood’s Psycho-Social Well-Being in a South African Rural High-Risk Community
Authors: Mosang Tebogo , Schalkwyk Izanette Van
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: Middle childhood can be a period of significant challenges for many children as they may struggle to adapt to the demands of this life phase and their external environment. The external environment of the child is central for positive development and quality of life. However, the situation is even worse for children who live in a South African rural high-risk community, and are faced with numerous contextual vulnerabilities and multiple stressors related to poverty.

METHOD: This qualitative study used a qualitative descriptive research design and data were collected via individual interviews (parent participants) and focus group discussions (teacher participants). Thematic and content analysis were used allowing for an inductive process.

FINDINGS: Findings displayed a mostly deficit mentality regarding children in middle childhood’s psycho-social well-being. The first theme referred to the negative influences of the disempowering high-risk setting for the psycho-social well-being of children in middle childhood. The second theme indicated the possible dangers for family functioning. The third theme elucidated the role of the different stakeholders to lessen these environmental stressors and obstacles to ensure safety, stability, and children’s well-being. Finally, specific components were given to intentionally protect and promote the psycho-social well-being of children in middle childhood in this community.

LIMITATION: Individual interviews with parent participants were mainly conducted with female participants; data obtained from male participants could add even richer information.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that future research investigate the encouragement of the psycho-social well-being of children in middle childhood in this rural community by strengthening families’ resilience.