bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Heating Phase for the Bi-frequency Heat Treat Process of a Gear
Authors: Elamin Mohammad , Lombard Patrick , Rodriguez Alejandro , Wendling Philippe
Published: September 2021

In this contribution, we attempt to optimize the heat process of a gear. The goal is to evaluate the best use of two frequencies to complete the heating phase in the least amount of time achieving a uniform distribution of temperature in the treated area of the gear. Assuming the application of the appropriate cooling, this temperature distribution will lead to the appropriate hardness along and between the teeth of the gear. A 3D model of part of the gear wheel is modelled in a multiphysics magneto-thermal analysis. The two frequencies used for the heating are first evaluated. In the optimization process, the duration of the application for each frequency is a parameter. Temperatures are evaluated through the heating process at selected locations as constraints of the optimization process.
Pearlite Spheroidization and Its Relationship with Tensile Strength in Hypoeutectoid Steels
Authors: López-Cornejo Monserrat Sofía , Vergara-Hernández Héctor Javier , Garnica-González Pedro , Vázquez-Gómez Octavio , Arreola-Villa Sixtos Antonio
Published: September 2021

A hypoeutectoid steel was austenitized at 840 °C for one hour and cooled at two rates. Examination by optical and scanning electron microscopy showed a change in the pearlite microstructure. Cooling in air as compared to furnace cooling reduced the pearlite interlamellar spacing and increased the hardness. The slower cooling resulted in a lower tensile strength, higher tensile elongation, and different fracture appearance.
Advances in Plasma Ion Nitriding
Authors: Poor Ralph
Published: September 2021

This paper reviews recent advances in the control of plasma ion nitriding processes and their effect on AR500 and 4140 steel and ductile and gray iron. The advanced discussed are primarily in the area of electrical power and gas flow control.
Production and Characterization of Boride and Carbide Layers on AISI 15B30 Steel
Authors: Triani Rafael Magalhães , De Assis Gomes Lucas Fuscaldi , Casteletti Luiz Carlos , Neto Amadeu Lombardi , Totten George Edward
Published: September 2021

This work investigates the effect of boriding and thermo-reactive deposition on 15B30 steel. The results presented in the paper show that these thermochemical treatments produce boride and carbide rich layers that improve surface hardness and wear resistance, and they do so without the adverse effects of adding more boron to the alloy.
Improvement in Quenching Uniformity through Flow Conditioning
Authors: Flynn Brian P. , Mouilleseaux Michael L. , Banka Andrew L.
Published: September 2021

A number of modifications were made to a batch quenching process for pinion gears to reduce the amount of size change in the ID. This paper assesses the impact of adding vertical plates to the load elevator to better condition oil flow to the stacked part baskets. Data collected from pinion gears before and after the modification show a reduction in the average and range of ID bore change, indicating an improvement in quench uniformity. CFD analyses suggest that improvement is due to a significant reduction in turbulence, resulting from the addition of the vertical plates. As the authors explain, high levels of turbulence promote collapse of the vapor film that occurs at the start of the quench process, and disparity in the timing causes unwanted variation in part size change throughout the load.
Distortion Minimization of Bevel Gear Press Quench Hardening Process Using Computer Modeling
Authors: Li Zhichao , Ferguson B. Lynn , Sims Justin
Published: September 2021

Press quenching is often used to harden parts that are sensitive to distortion, but it is a difficult process to control due to the effects of tooling and the relatively large number of process parameters. In this paper, the authors show how they use finite element analysis to optimize the process and tooling design for a spiral bevel gear made of carburized 9310 steel. Several designs adaptations are assessed, one of which is shown to minimize radial shrinkage and taper distortion in the inner diameter of the bore.
Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene glycol-graft-styrene
Authors:   Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Negim E. , Konysbay A.M. ,   Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Irmukhametova G. ,   al Faraby Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kalugin S.N. ,   al Faraby Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

Grafting polymerization based on polypropylene glycol (PPG) and styrene (St) was synthesized with different composition of styrene using the free radical technique in the presence of potassium persulphate as an initiator. The grafted copolymers (PPG-g-St) used different styrene composition (65/15, 65/25, 65/35), respectively. The grafted copolymers were investigated through FTIR (Fourier-transform spectroscopy), Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. FTIR showed new peaks at 1450 cm-1 and 1135 cm-1 due to the grafting process of St on PPG. Thermal stability of grafted copolymer increases by increasing the ratio of styrene, while Tg decreases by increasing the ratio of styrene.
Adsorption methods for the extraction and seperation of rare earth elements. Review
Authors:   JSC “A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences”, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Jumadilov T.K. , Khimersen Kh. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Totkhuskyzy B. ,   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Haponiuk J. ,   Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
Published: September 2021

Rare earth elements play an important role in the production, energy, and high technology. Due to the rapid development of industry, the demand for rare earth metals is rising every day. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the extraction of rare earth metals from various sources to meet the demand for these elements. Currently, pyro- and hydrometallurgical technologies are used to extract rare earth metals from an ore and other secondary sources (industrial wastewater, acid drainage mines, etc.). Hydrometallurgical technologies include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange methods. Adsorption is one of the most effective methods for the extraction and separation of rare earth elements. Adsorption methods are highly selectivity to metal ions and have low emissions. However, not all adsorbents are effective in producing the same metal ions. This study provides an overview of the different adsorbents that can be used to extract rare earth elements from aquatic systems. Hydrogels and molecular polymers have been found to be cost-effective methods for high-grade rare earth metals. Further research is needed to ensure the performance of these systems.
Thermodynamic modeling of the synthesis of the main minerals of cement clinker from technogenic raw materials
Authors:   M.Auezov South- Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Kolesnikov A.S. , Zhanikulov N.N. ,   M.Auezov South- Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Zhakipbayev B.Ye. ,   M.Auezov South- Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Kolesnikova O.G. ,   M.Auezov South- Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Kuraev R.M. ,   M.Auezov South- Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

In this article, thermodynamic studies of modeling the formation of the main minerals of cement clinker as a function of the Gibbs energy (ΔG) on temperature were investigated. The temperature range of the studies was 873-1873 K. In the course of modeling studies, the reactions of formation of cement clinker minerals (C2S - belite, C3S - alite, C3A – three calcium aluminates, C4AF – four calcium aluminium ferrite) from standard raw materials and non – standard-technogenic raw materials containing non-ferrous metals were calculated. Equations describing the dependence of the Gibbs energy on temperature with approximation coefficients (R2) equal to 0.99 are found. According to the results of the conducted studies, the beginning (Tb) temperatures of the course of the compared clinker formation reactions were determined, which were 1008 K for the standard reaction, and 1023 K for the non-standard reaction. It was found that the reactions begin to occur in the temperature intervals for the standard (1008 K – 1873 K), for the non - standard (1023 K - 1873 K). At the same time, the values at the initial stage of the course of the standard reaction have a more negative value of the Gibbs energy than the non-standard reaction. With a further increase in temperature, it becomes evident that the Gibbs energy of the non-standard reaction of mineral formation in the temperature range 1173-1873K becomes more negative in comparison with the values of the standard reaction and exceeds its values from 9 to 19.01%.
Metallurgical processing of converter slag
Authors:   Karaganda Industrial University, Temirtau, Kazakhstan, Tleugabulov S.M. , Aytkenov N.B. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Temirtau, Kazakhstan, Zhabalova G.G. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Temirtau, Kazakhstan, Velichko A.G. ,   Karaganda Industrial University, Temirtau, Kazakhstan, Ulyeva G.A. ,   "ArcelorMittal Temirtau", Analytical Control Center of the Laboratory of Metal Science and Flaw Detection, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

Converter slurries at modern metallurgical plants represent a significant part of metal-containing industrial waste with a high concentration of iron. Currently, there is a problem of their utilization and use as raw materials for metallurgy. The purpose of this work is to study the processes of briquetting and recovery of briquetted products, based on a mixture of converter slurries of gas purification and converter slags. When performing experimental studies on the preparation of sludge briquettes from a mixture of converter sludge of gas purification and converter slag, their metallization and reduction melting in laboratory conditions, the optimal composition of the components of the mixture of converter slag and gas purification sludge was determined by the percentage of iron, which is appropriate for use as a raw material for steel smelting. Experimental studies on the preparation of sludge-coal mixtures from dispersed metal-containing and carbon-containing industrial waste with stoichiometric coal consumption for the recovery of extracted metals have proved the possibility of obtaining sludge-coal briquettes, which are further subjected to metallization and reduction melting. Sequential processing of dispersed production waste, namely drying, metallization and reduction melting, allowed us to obtain at the final stage a metal sample that corresponds to high-quality steel in its composition. Based on the analysis of the results of experimental studies, the technology of reducing melting of metal-containing waste has been developed. As a result of the implementation of the technology, high-quality steels and alloys can be obtained without carburizing the metal, bypassing the production stages of cast iron and high-carbon alloys. The content of harmful impurities of sulfur and phosphorus meets the technical requirements of high-quality steel. The proposed technology for processing slag and sludge from oxygen-converter production will reduce the volume of accumulated production waste.
Ferroalloy production from ferrosilicon manganese dusts
Authors:   M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Shevko V.M. , Aitkulov D.K. ,   National Center on complex processing of mineral raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Badikova A.D. ,   M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan, Tuleyev M.A. ,   M.Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of time, the amount of steel shavings and coke on the electric melting of ferrosilicon manganese dusts to obtain a ferroalloy. The research was carried out by the method of rotational planning of the second order (Box-Hunter plans) and by electric smelting of dust in laboratory ore-thermal arc furnace. Dust from the production of ferromanganese by LLP Taraz Metallurgical Plant, coke and steel shavings were used during the research. It was determined that to achieve αSi≥70%the process must be carried out in the presence of 25% coke and 8.1-9% steel shavings from the mass of dust for 55.8-60 minutes, to achieve αMn in an alloy of 80-85% the process must be carried out in the presence of 25% coke, 5.7-9.0% steel shavings for 41.2-54.4 minutes. When melting the charge containing 75.2% of dust, 18.8% of coke, 6% of steel shavings, within 60 minutes the weight of the ferroalloy was 258 g (38.8% of the weight of the charge or 51.6% of the weight of dust). The degree of extraction of manganese into the alloy was 82.3%, silicon - 66.1%. The resulting ferroalloy belongs to ferrosilicon manganese of the FeMnSi12 grade.
Dissolution of iron in sodium chloride solution during alternating current polarization
Authors:   NJSC “Al-Farabi Kazakh National University”, Center of Physico-Chemical Methoods of Research and Analysis, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Bayeshova A. , Bayeshov A. ,   ”D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kadirbayeva А. ,   NJSC “Al-Farabi Kazakh National University”, Center of Physico-Chemical Methoods of Research and Analysis, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhumabay F. ,   NJSC “Al-Farabi Kazakh National University”, Center of Physico-Chemical Methoods of Research and Analysis, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

Iron compounds are widely used in many industries and engineering, and even in medicine. The existing methods of obtaining iron compounds are multi-stage and complex. The purpose of this work is to obtain iron (II) hydroxide and oxide from metal waste under alternating current action using one and two half-cycles. For the first time, the electrochemical behavior of iron electrode was studied by electrolysis method during alternating current polarization of industrial frequency in sodium chloride solutions. The iron polarization was carried out in pair with titanium, while the current density on the iron electrode varied in the range of 200-1200 A/m2, and on the titanium is in the range of 20-100 kA/m2. It is established that in the anode half-cycle of alternating current, iron is oxidized to form divalent ions. At this moment, the titanium electrode is in the cathode half-cycle, hydrogen is released on it, hydroxyl ions are formed in the cathode space. In the solution, ions interact with iron (II) ions to produce iron hydroxide. At temperatures above 600C, iron (II) hydroxide is dehydrated with the production of iron (II) oxide. The electrolysis was carried out in two electrolyzers connected to each other in parallel with the immersion of pair of “titanium-iron” electrodes into each electrolyzer. The iron dissolution occurs simultaneously in two half-cycles of alternating current and this approach is proposed for the first time. The process productivity increases by more than 1.5 times.
Investigation of the properties of composite materials based on epoxy resins with microsilica additives
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Serekpayeva M.A. , Kokayeva G.А. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Niyazbekova R.K. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Kardybai S. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

The outcomes of studying epoxy-based composite materials supplemented with microsilica are provided in the article. Microsilica was used as a filler. The samples were produced on the epoxy ED-20 basis supplemented with 2, 5 and 10 mas. % of microsilica. The structure and size of finely dispersed filler particles were defined. The obtained composites were tested for resistance to the effect of variable temperatures, corrosive, and abrasion. The study outcomes proved that samples supplemented with 2% of microsilica are more resistant to acid and alkali as well as to petrol than those ones supplemented with 25% of microsilica. Besides the amount of the filler from 2 to 10% doesn’t sufficiently affect the resistance to variable temperatures. When microsilica is added to epoxy resin, it causes scuff resistance increase. The conducted testing proved that the developed composite materials are resistant to the effect of variable temperatures, corrosive, and abrasion. This enables to use these materials as coatings and anti-corrosion protection during machine maintenance.
Modeling of heat transfer in a fuel pellet based on uranium dioxide and ceramics (beryllium oxide)
Authors:   Satbayev University,Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhapbasbayev U.K. , Kudaibergen A.D. ,   Satbayev University,Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

The results of heat transfer mathematical model calculations in the “UO2-BeO” pellet are presented. The fuel pellet consists of uranium dioxide (UO2) and beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramics. Modeling of heat transfer was carried out by a system of generalized heat conduction equations with variable thermophysical properties. The calculated data of the temperature field in the fuel pellet were obtained using the COMSOL Multiphysics software code. The results of temperature calculations were compared with the data of other authors. The agreement of the calculated data shows the mathematical model and the COMSOL Multiphysics code algorithms correctness. Various arrangements of beryllium oxide ceramics BeO in a fuel pellet are considered. The arrangement of the BeO ceramics in the centre of the fuel pellet showed a noticeable decrease in temperature in the energy release zone. Calculations have shown that the composite fuel “UO2-BeO” is the most effective for regulating the thermal regime of fuel elements.
Recovery of niobium from wastes generated in titanium production by cation exchange sorbents
Authors:   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Baigenzhenov О.S. , Toishybek А.М. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Khabiyev А.Т. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Aimbetova I.O. ,   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan., Dagubayeva A.T. ,   RSE «National Center on complex processing of mineral raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan», Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

This article presents the technology of niobium recovery by processing of chloride residues generated during the chlorination of titanium slags. For waste processing, a two-stage leaching technology is proposed. Water is used at the first stage of leaching and hydrochloric acid 4.0 M is used at the second stage. For the purpose of sorption of niobium from the solution composition obtained during leaching, cation-exchange sorbents Purolite-C104 and KU-2-8 H were used. By the usage of Purolite-C104 ion exchange resin the sorption efficiency of niobium from a solution with a concentration of 2 g/l was about 71.0 % (0.071 g/g) in 3.5 hours, while for KU-2-8 H ion exchange resin, sorption efficiency was about 89.0 % (0.089 g/g).
The Students’ Strategies in Online Learning Interaction: Exploring Politeness in Google Classroom during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sembiring Elita Modesta Br. , Sianturi Srisofian , Simanjuntak Faido Marudut Pardamean , Tarigan Sri Ninta
Published: September 2021

Teacher-student politeness has been well-explored over the years, but mostly in direct or face-to-face communication. This study aims to fill the gap of politeness between students and educators in online learning, specifically in the sessions of one of the staple and most used educational platforms during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely Google Classroom. This study applies qualitative research method by describing the phenomenon of the language. This study observed the interaction of 36 English Literature Department students during their Google Classroom sessions from April to July 2021. The researchers analysed the students’ interaction with their lecturer according to Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory.  Five politeness strategies were identified, namely the positive politeness strategies (i.e., greeting, gratitude and address term), negative politeness (i.e., apology) and vernacular language. The gratitude and address term expression conveyed by “Thank you, Mam” is dominantly used by students to minimize threat when giving comments for every instruction created by lecturer. Results of this study showed that the students use politeness strategies to ensure the effectiveness of online learning, yet they also limit their text-based interaction with the short expressions of politeness such as “Hi, mam” or “Yes, mam”. This finding contributes to shedding light on the aspect of politeness in online interaction in Google Classroom and directs future studies to explore politeness in other contexts.
Prior to and in the Course of Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring Learners’ Experiences of Learning English through Narrative Lens
Authors: Kholili Achmad
Published: September 2021

The language learning largely took place in the classroom, especially prior to Covid-19 pandemic and that this occurrence resulted in simplicity for the learners to learn and interact with each other because they could directly make in contact with their classmates and their teachers. However, since the pandemic developed in March 2020, all the learning process was subsequently altered into online learning. To date, studies on language learning has been undertaken by the researchers both at intra and international level. Despite the existence of these former studies, little work reports the comprehensive picture of language learning experiences prior to and during Covid-19 pandemic. To fill this lacuna, the current article reports on a narrative inquiry of EFL learners’ experiences of learning English prior to and during Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing upon data from a semi-structured interview with two Indonesian EFL learners of the sixth semester majoring in English education program, the finding indicates that EFL learners have sustained multifaceted learning experiences prior to and during the pandemic. They have gone through face-to-face learning prior to the pandemic, asynchronous learning during the pandemic and hybrid learning experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article concludes with suggestions for promoting hybrid learning model in the EFL setting, particularly in a higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Domestic factors that constraint ecuadorian export performances
Authors: Quiñónez Cabeza Manuel Ruvin , Quiñónez Caicedo Luisa Nicole , Ortiz Palafox Karla Haydeé , Farfán González Olmedo Gregorio
Published: September 2021

Exports play an important role in Ecuador, the income from these contributes to the growth of the economy. This research aims to describe the national factors that limit the performance of Ecuadorian exports. The research was carried out under the inductive method, of an exploratory type with a mixed approach and descriptive scope; the techniques used were the documentary review and semi-structured interview. Data provided by the Central Bank of Ecuador were taken on the growth rate of goods exports and the percentage share of the destinations of goods exports by continent, economic area and country during 2015-2020. The results showed that exports fluctuated and lost competitiveness during the analyzed period. In conclusion, the performance of exports is limited by national factors related to the policies and management of public institutions and procedures.
Social skills and behavioral problems in 3- to 5-year-old schoolchildren
Authors: Cárdenas Loor Alexandra Isabel , Velásquez Patricia Genovezzy , Napa Arévalo Ligia Liliana , Alarcón López Henry Felipe
Published: September 2021

Social skills and behavior were evaluated in children 3 to 5 years of age. The research was carried out at the “TIWINZA” Basic Education School, located in Buena Fe canton, Los Ríos province. The abilities of 16 children were studied through surveys of their parents or legal representatives, and for this purpose the proposed survey was used. 87% and 75% of the children were located within a medium level of cooperation, interaction and social independence. Regarding social skills, 75% of the children were between the medium and significant deficit levels. 62.5%, 56.3%, and 37.5 did not present problems of social isolation, anxiety / complaints, or selfish or egocentric behavior, respectively, and only one student showed a significant problem. Finally, 56% of children express their emotions easily. These findings indicate that most of the children studied did not present significant behavioral problems.
The Challenges Faced by Women Street Vendors in Warwick Junction, Durban
Authors:   University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, P. Khumalo Nomcebo , Ntini Edmore
Published: September 2021

Warwick Junction in Durban is a hive of informal sector activity, mainly street vending, which sustains several families in and around Durban. There is an abundance of literature on street vending as part of the informal sector. Challenges specific to women engaged in vending at Warwick Junction have attracted little attention in the new millennium. A qualitative study using interviewing was conducted with ten purposefully sampled women participants. The aim was to describe the challenges faced by women vendors. This study reports findings and provides a set of recommendations. Several threats were identified and categorised into four broad themes, namely; financial challenges, competitive pressure, social challenges and infrastructural challenges. This paper provides short term and long-term recommendations.
Tergerusnya Gotong Royong di Desa Tadang Palie Kecamatan Ulaweng Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Bagas Bagas , Radjab Mansyur
Published: September 2021

Gotong royong merupakan kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan yang berorientasi pada tindakan untuk saling meringankan beban pekerjaan. Dewasa ini, nilai gotong royong kian mengalami peluruhan yang drastis setelah masuknya modernisasi pertanian dan monetisasi di pedesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses tergerusnya gotong royong di Desa Tadang Palie Kecamatan Ulaweng Kabupaten Bone. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan informan: Kepala Urusan Umum, Ketua Rukun Tetangga, Ketua Rukun Warga, Ketua Kelompok Tani, Petani, Ibu Rumah Tangga, dan Mahasiswa. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tipe penelitian deskriptif dan dasar penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; gotong royong di Desa Tadang Palie telah tergerus terutama penanaman jagung. Hal itu disebabkan antara adanya ketidakseimbangan luas lahan jagung masyarakat yang semakin bertambah dengan sumber daya manusia yang semakin sedikit. Mayoritas masyarakat membabat kebun kakaonya untuk ditanami jagung, begitupula masyarakat banyak yang bekerja sebagai Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) dan bermigrasi bercocok tanam, sebagai solusi masyarakat menggunakan tenaga buruh dari desa lain. Adapun kegiatan masyarakat lainnya yang membutuhkan tenaga orang lain, maka masyarakat masih antusias dalam bergotong royong. Realitasnya di masyarakat, meskipun arus perubahan tidak bisa dibendung, namun nilai-nilai yang selama ini menjadi salah satu patokan dalam bermasyarakat masih tetap terinternalisasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai kegiatan-kegiatan yang ada di Desa Tadang Palie.
POM-based metal–organic compounds: Assembly, structures and properties
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Zhe , Liu Yue-Yan , Liu Jie , Li Yuan-Yuan , Qiao Xiu-Ying , Huang Wen-Ming , Niu Yun-Yin
Published: September 2021

Four POM-based inorganic-organic hybrid compounds, which are {[(Cu·L1’·H2O)·(α-Mo8O26)0.5]·H2O}n (1), {(Cu·L2’·H2O)·(α-Mo8O26)0.5}n (2), {[(Cu·L3’·H2O)·(β-Mo8O26)0.5]·5H2O}n (3), {(Cu·L4’·H2O)·(β-Mo8O26)}n (4)[L1’ = 1,5-bis (4-carboxylpyridine) pentane dibromide, L2’ = 1,7-bis (4-carboxylpyridine) heptane dibromide, L3’ = 1,2-bis [(4-carboxylpyridine) - N-methylene] benzene dibromide, L4’ = 1,4-bis [(4-carboxylpyridine) - N-methylene] benzene dibromide] have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by tuning ligands. Compounds 1–4 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG). The transformation of ligands have a momentous effect on the [Mo8O26]4 - structures of this series. In addition, the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of organic dyes for compounds 1–4 have been investigated.
Problemas sexuais na mulher com cancro da mama e cancro ginecológico: revisão narrativa
Authors:   Médico de Família, Morgado Maria Beatriz
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: Estima-se que mais metade das mulheres com cancro da mama ou cancro ginecológico apresentem problemas sexuais. Contudo, apenas uma minoria recebe aconselhamento médico nesse âmbito. A presente revisão narrativa tem como objetivo descrever os principais problemas sexuais das mulheres com esta tipologia de neoplasias, bem como identificar estratégias de abordagem e tratamento dos mesmos. Métodos: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa da literatura na base de dados PubMed, utilizando os termos MeSH: Sexuality, Neoplasms, Female e Women. Foram utilizados livros e artigos datados entre 1998 e 2020. Resultados: O cancro da mama afeta a vida sexual desde o diagnóstico, associando-se a intenso sofrimento psicológico. A este acresce o impacto do tratamento. A cirurgia altera a autoimagem, sensibilidade mamária e mobilidade. A radioterapia condiciona alterações tecidulares. A quimioterapia apresenta efeitos psicológicos e físicos com impacto direto e indireto na sexualidade. A terapêutica hormonal condiciona atrofia urogenital e sintomas vasomotores. Por outro lado, também a maioria das mulheres com cancro ginecológico apresenta vários níveis de disfunção sexual secundários à terapêutica. Tratamentos mais recentes como a braquiterapia, técnicas de nerve-sparing modificadas e cirurgia reconstrutiva têm contribuído para uma diminuição da morbilidade associada ao tratamento. Verifica-se uma consciencialização crescente da importância da saúde sexual dos doentes oncológicos. Neste contexto, cabe ao médico abordar o assunto, informando as doentes acerca do possível impacto da doença e do respetivo tratamento na sexualidade. Existem questionários validados e modelos estruturados facilitadores de comunicação neste sentido. Cabe também aos clínicos o controlo dos sintomas de disfunção sexual associados à terapêutica oncológica, privilegiando sempre que possivel fármacos com impacto neutro ou positivo na sexualidade. Conclusão: Qualquer médico deve estar sensibilizado para a disfunção sexual associada à patologia oncológica e ao seu tratamento, sendo capaz de a rastrear e adaptar o plano terapêutico em conformidade, colocando em prática o cancer care continuum.
Diabéticos fumadores: uma população de elevado risco que muito beneficia em deixar de fumar
Authors:   Médico de Família, Rebelo Luis
Published: September 2021

A relação entre a diabetes e o tabagismo é há muito conhecida. Estima-se que um em cada cinco diabético seja fumador, acrescentando ao risco cardiovascular base da sua doença também este por definição evitável. Por outro lado, os fumadores têm também maior risco de vir a apresentar diabetes. É fundamental levar as pessoas com diabetes a não fumar ou se o fizerem a abandonar o hábito. Este grupo deve ser prioritário nos programas de cessação tabágica.
E, finalmente, a COVID-19
Authors:   Médico de Família, Santos Paulo , Maricoto Tiago ,   Médico de Família, Maria Ana Rita Jesus ,   Médico de Família, Neves Ana Luísa ,   Médico de Família
Published: September 2021

E, finalmente, a COVID-19
DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING EXCLUSIVE IN THE WORKING AREA OF RUMBIA HEALTH CENTER, BOMBANA REGENCY: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Asnidawati Asnidawati , Salma Wa Ode , Kusnan Adius
Published: September 2021

Background: Breast’s milk is an excellent food for the growth and development of infants. The United Nations Children’s Funds (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that children only be exclusively breastfed for six months and continued until two years. This study analyzes the effect of family support, health workers, and socio-culture on exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Rumbia Health Center, Rumbia District, Bombana Regency. Methods: This study involved 86 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months who were registered and domiciled in the working area of the Rumbia Health Center spread over 4 Kelurahan and 1 Village, which were selected by purposive sampling using a cross-sectional design from February to April 2021. Data analysis using odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression at significance level < 0.05. Results: The largest age group in the range of 20-35 years, as many as 68 people (79.1%), undergraduate as many as 32 people (37.2%), and income above Rp. 2.552.014, – / month as many as 60 people (69.8%). The results showed an effect of family support on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.002<0.05). There is no influence of socio-cultural factors on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.282>0.05) and the results of multivariate analysis of the most dominant variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Rumbia Health Center District Rumbia Bombana Regency is supported by health workers with an OR = 9.199 (p-value = 0.039<0.05). Conclusions: This study concludes that the support of health workers plays a very important role in exclusive breastfeeding to infants aged six months, which can impact improving the health of toddlers.
Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Anterior Incisor: Post and core treatment –A Case Report
Authors: Tomar Anil K , Mushtaq Hysum , Jain Shivangi , Tyagi Ayush , Sabharwal Geetika , Poonia Sachin
Published: September 2021

This case report describes the post and core treatment of a maxillary central incisor. An 18-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with the chief complaint of pain in upper front tooth region. On clinical examination, there was Ellis class III fracture resulting in loss of significant tooth structure necessitating post and core treatment. Treatment was initiated with removal of carious region, canal was located, working length was established followed by chemo mechanical preparation and obturation. Post space preparation was done in the canal followed by post cementation and core build up.

Keywords: Post, core, ceramic, crown lengthening.
Correlation of Lead Exposure on Calcium Metabolism, Vitamin D3 in Battery Manufacturing Workers
Authors: Malik Kiran , Rathore Savita , Chandel Mahakal
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic lead exposure from the lead-acid–battery manufacturing process has been linked to a variety of health effects, including dental health, cardiovascular disease risk, Matrix–gamma– carboxy glutamic acid protein (MGP) polymorphism, oxidative stress, immunological, genotoxicity, reproductive, neuropsychological, and pteridine metabolism with neurotransmitters synthesized.

Aim of the Work: effects of lead exposure on calcium metabolism in battery workers.

Subjects and Methods: The present study will be conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Index Medical College and research center, Indore. A total of 100 lead exposed battery workers and 100 aged (20-60 yr) matched non lead exposed controls. Blood sample was withdrawn from the anticubital vein and centrifuged to obtain serum after that serum was quantitatively analyzed for lead level, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D3.  

Result and Conclusion: In lead-exposed battery workers, correlation analysis revealed a strong negative connection between blood lead levels and serum vitamin D levels. Similarly, serum calcium levels were found to be inversely linked with blood lead levels.

Keywords: Battery workers, Lead
Predictive Model on Churn Customers using SMOTE and XG-Boost Additive Model and Machine Learning Techniques in Telecommunication Industries
Authors: Lal Bechoo , Kumar Suraj
Published: September 2021

In this research paper the researcher builds a predictive model on churn customers using SMOTE and XG-Boost additive model and machine learning techniques in Telecommunication Industries. Customer’s churning is one of the global research issues in telecommunication industries. In somehow customers are not satisfying from telecommunication customer services, call rate, international plan, data pack, and others which are having a significant impact on customer’s services. The researcher used the SMOTE and XGboost technique to handle the imbalanced dataset and gives the higher-level accuracy for predictive model to identify the category of customer whether they are in churn or not churn. The researcher used the comparative study between logistics regression and random forest algorithms to classify the category of churn customers and non-churn customers in Telecommunication Industries. The predictive model is verifying at 96% accuracy level and can be capable to handle imbalance dataset. As per the data analysis the score of the confusion matrix is such as accuracy 94%, Precision for “ did not leave “ is 0.97 whereas recall is 0.96, and F1score is 0.97 with the support features of 903. For the churn customers precision is 0.80, recall is 0.81, F1-score is 0.80 and support features is 160, the data analysis report shows that the predictive model is having 94% accuracy whereas at 6% does not predict accurately about the customers status. Finally, the researcher concluded that the predictive model is more accurate and can be capable to handle imbalance dataset. The researchers assure that the predictive model would be benefited for the telecommunication industries to categories the churn/ non-churn customers and accordingly the organization can make changes their business plan and policies which would be benefited for the customers.
Effect of reaction time on the process of upgrading heavy oils in the presence and in the absence of oil soluble catalysts at 250 ° C
Authors:   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Suwaid M.A. , Al-muntaser A.A. ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Abdaljalil N.I. ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Varfolomeev M.A. ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Djimasbe R. ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Saleh M.M. ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alfarttoosi A.B. ,   Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: September 2021

This work presents the possibility of improving the quality of heavy oil during in-situ upgrading using oil-soluble catalysts based on copper (copper oleate) at 250 ° C under high pressure for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours using a 300 ml stainless steel batch reactor. Different technique analyzes for heavy oil befor and after upgrading were carried out: Analysis of the evolved gas components by gas chromatography, determination of the group composition of oil (SARA analysis), measurement of viscosity, gas chromatographic analysis of saturated hydrocarbons. The results showed that with an increase in the time of experiments and the use of oil-soluble catalysts, the content of saturated fractions increases due to a decrease in the content of resins and asphaltenes, which leads to a decrease in viscosity of heavy oil from 2073.7 to 1290.5 mPa.s. According to the obtained results, it can be said that reaction time and the use of an oil-soluble catalyst increase the efficiency of the in-situ upgrading.
Dynamics of Sharia Cooperative Regulation in Indonesia
Authors: Aufa Muhammad Fikri , Hernowo Wempy Setyabudi , Musjtari Dewi Nurul
Published: September 2021

The development of Sharia Cooperatives in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase. Islamic cooperatives are one of the alternatives for some members who will build cooperatives based on several sharia principles. The establishment of sharia cooperatives has encountered conflicts, which are not only in Law Number 25 of 1992 on Cooperatives but are also regulated in Law Number 1 of 2013 concerning Micro Financial Institutions. The formulation of the problem of this research is to find legal clarity in the registration and establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body. The research system used in reviewing the registration and establishment of the legal body of Islamic cooperatives uses normative legal research, which is called library research. From the results of this research, the establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body still refers to Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives as replaced by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This is because the Microfinance Institution Law only states that the cooperative is a form of MFI legal entity and does not control in detail the cooperative. This system uses statutory provisions as special legal material and is supported by secondary legal materials in the form of books and journal articles.
Dispute Settlement Analysis and Refused Claims in Payment Gateway Transactions on Paypal Indonesia
Authors: Ayu Hapsari Recca , Hartono Bambang , Listiyani Yana
Published: September 2021

In transactions using Paypal, of course, there are many reasons for the risk of disputes occurring, ranging from delays in delivery, damaged goods, and transactions without authorization. The problem will be different when they carry out business transactions in different regions of the country and they have different nationalities. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, a normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with sources who will relate to research problems, the data analysis used is qualitative. In trading transactions via the internet, trade is generally carried out by people who are located and subject to different countries and jurisdictionsThe legal relationship between Payment Gateway Users and Payment Gateway Providers At Fintech Paypal Indonesia is where the parties involved in the electronic payment system include consumers, business actors, acquirers, issuers and payment gateway providers. legal relationships that arise between consumers, business actors, acquirers, issuers and payment gateway operators are born from agreements made by the parties. Dispute Resolution and Chargeback Claims in Payment Gateway Transaction activities on Paypal Fintech where the paypal system provides services can communicate directly with the seller by opening a dispute at the Paypal Dispute Settlement Center. if it is not completed in following the policies provided by paypal services, consumers or business actors can ask for recommendations to mediate to the paypal service center but if they are not finished, business actors and consumers can resolve disputes through litigation, which usually business actors are subject to the applicable law, applies where the consumer is a national.
PENGARUH DIMENSI BRAND EXPERIENCE TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT PADA FACEBOOK PERUSAHAAN OPERATOR SELULER
Authors: Martini Erni
Published: September 2021

Media sosial telah menjadi medium penting dalam komunikasi pemasaran perusahaan karena membentuk keterlibatan konsumen. Keterlibatan konsumen pada jangka panjang mampu membentuk loyalitas konsumen. Namun, evaluasi mengenai aktifitas consumer engagement di media sosial masih minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana consumer engagement terbentuk melalui dimensi brand experience di media sosial Facebook. Jumlah responden yang diteliti adalah 375 responden. Metode regresi linear berganda digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan dan pengaruh antar variabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman sosial dan terwujud berpengaruh pada pebentukan consumer engagement, sedangkan pengalaman perseptual dan epistemik tidak berpengaruh. Hal yang baru pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode survei yang berbeda dengan penelitian terdahulu yang menggunakan metode analisis isi yang hasilnya dapat memperkaya hasil penelitian terdahulu dengan membandingkan hasil melalui persepsi konsumen.
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF PERCEPTION AND CONSUMPTION OF SAGO AS LOCAL STAPLE FOOD IN KENDARI CITY SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
Authors: Musadar Musadar , Abidin Zainal
Published: September 2021

Sagu merupakan salah satu pangan lokal penting di Kota Kendari. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi dan konsumsi pangan lokal sagu di Kota Kendari. Kajian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2016 di Kota Kendari menggunakan metode survey terhadap 150 orang responden yang dipilih berdasarkan stratified random sampling berbasis etnis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat terhadap pangan lokal sagu dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh jumlah anggota keluarga (0,008), etnis (0,042), lama mukim di Kota Kendari (0,002) dan tingkat kosmopolit (0,061). Sementara itu konsumsi pangan lokal sagu dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh etnis (1,628), tingkat kosmopolit (1,628) dan persepsi (4,935). Ke depan upaya peningkatan persepsi dan konsumsi pangan lokal sagu terus perlu di galakkan melalui berbagai ajang promosi dan sosialisasi.
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF EMPLOYEES OF PDAM TIRTAMARTA IN YOGYAKARTA CITY)
Authors: Burhanudin Burhanudin -
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to determine the effect of the need for achievement on employee performance, the effect of the need for affiliation on employee performance, and the effect of the need for power on employee performance. The sample size used in this study was 64 employees of PDAM Tirtamarta in Yogyakarta City. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The study results showed that the need for achievement has no effect on employee performance, the need for affiliation has no effect on employee performance, and the need for power have an effect on employee performance.
NATURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: VALUES COMPONENT
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: September 2021

One cannot doubt in the importance of Natural science and Technology education. Over the last two or three decades, attention to Natural science and Technology education has been significantly growing. On the one hand, science and technology development was encouraging this, on the other hand, one can observe a decreasing young generation interest in natural sciences and technologies. Paradoxical contrast – in technologically developed countries youth interest in natural sciences is significantly decreased. Completely different situation is in so-called developing countries. About such a situation a lot has been written, discussed, plenty of scientific research have been carried out and so on. It is obvious, that such a situation is determined by a great number of factors. However, in spite of this, education system has to change, to search for effective natural science and technology education forms and methods. The most important goal is suitable and adequate natural science and technology education of the young generation. However, what does suitable and adequate mean? What is suitability and adequacy content? Is it only quantitatively and qualitatively new knowledge and abilities? Conception, oriented only to pragmatics (only to knowledge, qualifications and/or competencies) in a certain sense is faulty.