bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PedsQL-4.0 in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lal D V  , Sowmi Sri  , Ambikapathy  , Benjamin S
Published: May 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder in DSM-5, characterized by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviours and interests, sensory issues, and in some cases, cognitive delays. Prevalence of ASD is ever increasing recently throughout the world. There aren’t enough studies which have considered the qualities of life (QoL) of Autistic children through there are many comparing the QoL of parents of children with ASD. Hence there is need for more research on the quality of life of autistic children. The diagnostic criteria for ASD are available in the revised text edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) of the American Psychiatric Association. This study assesses the Paediatric Quality of Life (PQOL) of ASD children, from a multidimensional perspective based on the Cross-sectional survey which considered Physiological function, emotional function, social function and school performance. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL of children with ASD aged 2–12 years. 98 autistic children (male: 69, female: 29; 2- 4 years old: 40, 5- 7 year old: 43, 8 - 12 years old: 15) and 100 normal children (control group) are brought into this study. The children satisfying the DSM-5 as ASD were subjected to assessment of their QoL with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)  questionnaire by their parents, compared with standard scores. Present study shows lower scores in the test group on the PedsQL4.0 universality Core scale in comparison with the control group. Behaviour issues had a negative effect on Community adaptation, mental health, a lower intelligence-related quality of life for children and clinically significant autistic symptoms in comparison with children with fewer symptoms. Results suggest greater impairment in adaptive functioning and emotional disorders. For mild-moderate ASD children, better development probably played a significant role in response to rehabilitation, to achieve and maintain the best level of overall outcome. The severity of the disorder and coping strategies in social settings were related to self-care ability and adaptation and intelligence. Hence pediatricians are must evaluate these children for early interventions and medications, if needed, and have QoL integrated in the overall care plan.
Trophectoderm morphology is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy in blastocyst transfers
Authors: Sivanantham S  , Lakshmanan S  , R R Dhanusu , M Saravanan , Sharma N
Published: May 2020

In assisted reproduction, a successful outcome is closely associated with the selection of potentially implantable. culture has its own merits that it can possibly eliminate the selection of non-viable embryos, can mimic physiology with better embryo-uterine and the extended culture can also assess the embryos post-embryonic activation. Scoring of characteristics can also aid in single embryo transfers (SET), reducing the risks of multiple pregnancies. The morphological assessment can serve as a non-invasive tool for better prediction of the outcome in IVF. The two important morphological parameters of grading the inner cell mass (ICM) and the (TE) other than the expansion of the cavity. Various groups reported the importance of either characteristic predicting implantation, pregnancy and live birth. In this retrospective study, we have evaluated which one of these parameters possess the predictive ability of implantation and pregnancy. The embryos frozen as following morphological scoring in the stimulated cycles were replaced in subsequent cycles. The transferred with known implantation were grouped into four different combinations of grades of ICM and TE and analyzed for the association with the clinical pregnancy and the findings were statistically validated. This study demonstrates there is a significant correlation between the grades of TE cells and the clinical pregnancy, so TE grade possibly is a better predictor of in transfers. The grades of embryo can be used as a selection tool for a better IVF outcome.
Business Strategy in Improving the Quality of Productive Credit Distribution at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero), Tbk. Parepare’s Main Branch Office
Authors: Kanti Nadi Made Bani , Brasit Nurdin , Munizu Musran
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the Swot analysis, to analyze the positioning with the Swot analysis, as well as to analyze alternative business strategies used by PT. Bank Negara Indonesia. Main Branch Office of Parepare in improving the quality of productive credit distribution. To implement these objectives, data collection techniques are used through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, using descriptive analysis methods, SWOT analysis, IFE, and EFE matrices, External Strategy Factor Analysis (EFAS), Internal Strategy Factor Analysis (IFAS), Grand Strategy Matrix, Tows or SWOT Matrix, Space Matrix, Analysis (QSPM). The results found that the position of PT. BNI (Persero), Tbk. Prepare's Main Branch Office is a position for aggressive growth. Where the growth strategy shows that strengths and opportunities are greater when compared to weaknesses and threats so that the appropriate strategy is used in the growth strategy. BNI strategies are suitable for use by PT. BNI (Persero), Tbk. Prepare's Main Branch Office in improving the quality of productive lending is a market penetration strategy
The Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on The Sensitivity of Low-Temperature Sensor Performance of Cu/Ni Film
Authors: Setiamukti Danurdara , Khusnani Azmi , Toifur Moh.
Published: May 2020

Increased export-import activities on fresh food commodities in the international market led to the idea of developing new technologies in the form of cryogenic freezers using liquid nitrogen (LN2). Along with the development of preservation methods using liquid nitrogen media, we need a tool that is able to detect changes in low temperatures in LN2 storage flasks that have economic value. Therefore the purpose of this research is to make a low-temperature sensor with copper and nickel material that has an economical price.

The Cu/Ni film sensor is made with an electroplating method assisted by an external magnetic field of 200 G which is installed parallel to the deposition current. The Cu/Ni film was developed by varying the concentration of the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution used in the deposition process consisted of a mixture of H3BO3, NiSO4, NiCl2, and H2O. Furthermore, the Cu/Ni film that was made was tested on the LN2 medium to measure its sensitivity value in response to changes in temperature. The results showed that the Cu/Ni film sensor could detect changes in the low temperature in LN2. The results of data analysis showed that the curve relationship between voltage and temperature in the sample with the 2nd concentration (C2) had the highest relationship to influence each other between the voltage and temperature variables, and the sample had the highest sensitivity value compared to the others.
POKOK-POKOK PIKIRAN MENGENAI PEMBANGUNAN KEMANDIRIAN INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN
Authors: Susdarwono Endro Tri
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini membahas mengenai deskripsi pokok-pokok pikiran mengenai pembangunan kemandirian industri pertahanan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, tipe penelitiannya menggunakan kajian komprehensif analitis dan pendekatannya normatif analitis. Undang-undang industri pertahanan mengatur bahwa industri pertahanan terdiri atas industri alat utama, industri komponen utama dan penunjang, industri komponen dan pendukung (perbekalan), serta industri bahan baku. Dari awal, pemerintah sudah mengatur bahwa BUMN pertahanan menjadi industri alat utama sekaligus pemandu utama (lead integrator) yang menghasilkan alat utama sistem senjata dan/atau mengintegrasikan semua komponen utama, komponen, dan bahan baku menjadi alat utama. Pertahanan Indonesia memerlukan kebijakan yang lebih progresif untuk mengejar ketertinggalan dalam penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (iptek) bidang pertahanan, serta dalam rangka mewujudkan kemandirian Industri Pertahanan (Indhan). Kemandirian industri pertahanan sangat bergantung pada tiga pilar pelaku iptek, yaitu perguruan tinggi dan Lembaga Litbang, industri, dan user (TNI sebagai pengguna). Oleh sebab itu, pemerintah  merumuskan kebijakan terpadu bidang iptek dan industri pertahanan yang diarahkan pada kebutuhan industri pertahanan. Pokok-pokok pikiran mengenai pembangunan kemandirian industri pertahanan Indonesia  meliputi: pembentukan dan penguatan KKIP (Komite Kebijakan Industri Pertahanan), pembinaan industri utama dan pendukung, pendanaan industri pertahanan, mandiri dalam membuat/memproduksi, peningkatan kemampuan dan penguasaan teknologi industri pertahanan lewat sistem nasional, Research and development (R & D), kekuatan pertahanan minimum / Minimum Essential Force (MEF) dan Industri Pertahanan.
Rekonseptualisasi Akibat Hukum Pengangkatan Anak Menurut Kajian Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Abidin Abidin , Kelib Abdullah
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akibat hukum pengangkatan anak menurut kompilasi hukum islam. Secara legal  bahwa mengangkat anak dikuatkan berdasarkan keputusan Pengadilan dan mempunyai akibat hukum yang luas antara lain menyangkut perwalian dan pewarisan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis bahwa rekonseptualisasi pengangkatan anak yaitu pengalihan tanggung jawab pemeliharaan anak, pemberian nafkah dan pendidikan dari orang tua kandung kepada orang tua angkat berdasarkan putusan pengadilan. Akibat hukum pengangkatan anak  menurut Hukum Islam anak angkat tidak berstatus sama dengan anak kandung, hubungan dengan orang tua kandung tidak terputus, kekuasaan orang tua beralih tetapi tidak menjadi wali nikah anak angkat, mewaris dengan jalan wasiat wajibah. Dari rekonseptualisasi  akibat hukum pengangkatan anak berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang pengangkatan anak terebut masih tersebar sehingga konsep pengangkatan anak masih bervariasi. Maka diperlukanadanya undang-undang nasional tentang pengangkatan anak sehingga adanya kesamaan dalam konsep dan akibat hukum pengangkatan anak.
Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Sebagai Lembaga Rasuah Dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Indonesia
Authors: Adi Suyanto Aryas
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi sebagai lembaga anti rasuah dan memahami penegakan hukum Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi terhadap penyalahgunaan kewenangan yang dilakukan para penegak hukum dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian inmi menggunakan penelitian yuridis normative. Secara garis besar sasaran Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam penegakan hukum dibagi menjadi 4 (empat) bidang, yakni penindakan, pencegahan, koordinasi dan supervisi, serta monitoring. Ini dilakukan untuk melaksanakan tupoksidengan baik untuk menindak dengan tegas sesuai aturan hukum yang berlaku maupun mencegah Tindak Pidana Korupsi agar tidak terulang lagi dimasa depan. Untuk memerangi korupsi diperlukan komitmen kuat dan kerja sama serta koordinasi yang baik antar instansi pemerintah dan aparat penegak hukum. Tugas memberantas korupsi hanya dapat dilakukan apabila semua komponen bangsa bersatu dan saling mendukung dalam segala upaya pemberantasan korupsi.Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 secara jelas sudah memberikan kewenangan kepada Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi yang sangat kuat dan besar untuk melakukan pemberantasan korupsi secara sistemik dan tidak pandang bulu dalam menyeret para koruptor menjadikan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi sebagai tonggak utama dalam pemberantasan korupsi.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pelanggan TV Berbayar Ditinjau Dari Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 52 Tahun 2005 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Lembaga Penyiaran Berlangganan Melalui Satelit, Kabel Dan Teresterial
Authors: Sulistyowati Rini
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa perlindungan hukum terhadap pelanggan TV berbayar ditinjau dari peraturan yang ada.  Bergulirnya reformasi semenjak tahun 1998 mendorong bergeraknya informasi kearah kebebasan yang hampir tanpa kendali. Dalam kebebasan berkomunikasi dan hak atas informasi maka pemerintah juga menetapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang penyiaran. Pertumbuhan penyiaran radio dan televisi baik di kota maupun di daerah semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor  52 Tahun 2005 tentang Penyelenggaraan berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dengan berdasarkan asas manfaat, adil dan merata, kepastian hukum keamanan, keberagaman, kemitraan adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap pelanggan TV berbayar sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 52 Tahun 2005. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode yuridis normatif.  Hasil penelitian ini pada akhirnya memberi jawaban bahwa bentuk penyiaran berlangganan, khususnya Televisi berlangganan di Indonesia, bila ada penyimpangan harus dicari terlebih dahulu faktor apa yang menyebabkan penyimpangan tersebut sehingga dapat dicari solusinya dan pecegahan sebelum penyimpangan tersebut terulang kembali di kemudian hari, maka di butuhkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang aturan hukum baik dalam menyusun perjanjian kerjasama distributor dan faktor pendorong terjadinya penyimpangan pelaksanaan perjanjian kerjasama, berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah nomor 52 tahun 2005 tentang penyelenggaraan lembaga penyiaran berlangganan melalui satelit, kabel dan teresterial, seperti inkonsistensi antara Pasal yang satu dengan Pasal yang lainnya.
Automatic extraction of trees by using multiple return properties of the lidar point cloud
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Samed , AKBULUT Zeynep , KARSLI Fevzi , ACAR Hayrettin
Published: May 2020

Airborne laser scanning has been a valuable tool for forestry applications since it began to be used commercially. Thanks to the high 3D resolution provided by the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud, it has provided great convenience in complex 3D modeling processes needed for forestry applications such as forest inventory, forest management, determination of carbon stocks and the characterization of biodiversity. LiDAR data provides a new dimension in forestry applications with its high 3D resolution and multiple return characteristics. The extraction of woodland areas from the LiDAR point cloud has great importance for automating the determination of tree heights, species and stand frequency which will be used for generating canopy height models (CHM). In this study, woodland areas in the urban scene were automatically extracted by using the multiple return properties of the LiDAR point cloud. The proposed approach consists of three major steps namely pre-processing, parameter calculation and k-d tree search for trees which were implemented in MATLAB. In the first step, multiple return points have been identified from the LiDAR point cloud, which will be then used to determine possible tree locations. Then, by using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm, neighborhood relations among the multi return points which were extracted from the initial point cloud data, were formed and a rule-based filter was applied by taking advantage of neighborhood relations. In addition, the initial point cloud was filtered with the Cloth Simulation Filtering (CSF) algorithm to separate ground and non-ground points where non-ground points used to extract trees. In the second step, non-vegetation points were removed by applying a threshold based on the change of curvature and planarity parameters, which are derived from the filtered non–ground point cloud. In the last step, in order to extract trees, a k-d tree structure was created from the filtered non-ground points to find nearest neighbors of each multi return point within a given diameter in the k-d tree structure. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the approach, the extracted boundaries were compared with the manually digitized woodland boundaries from the true orthophoto of the study area using correctness, completeness and quality metrics.
Students’ Voice of Listening Activities Using English Popular Songs
Authors: Dewi Rossanti , Wijayatiningsih Testiana Deni , Budiastuti Riana Eka
Published: May 2020

Listening is one of the skills in learning English. The 11th grade students of IPA 1 SMA N 15 Semarang had low ability in listening. Therefore, this research was done in order to know the response of the 11th grade students of IPA 1 SMA Negeri 15 Semarang in English learning by doing listening a song as the media. The object of this research is the 11th grade students of IPA 1 SMA Negeri 15, Semarang. It is a descriptive qualitative study which employed observation and interview. The results showed that the 11th grade students of IPA 1 SMA Negeri 15 Semarang like to do listening activities, but they still had less exercises in listening to songs or watching English movies.
Designing a Listening Quiz Through Android-Based Application
Authors: Umaroh Liya , Astuti Yani Parti , Subhiyakto Egia Rosi
Published: May 2020

Since the governmnet proclaimed to WFH (Work From Home) during Covid-19 outbreak, online learning  has fully implemented across the entiry universities. Lecturers are forced in  technological literacy. Start to prepare all teaching materials, assesments, and evaluation. Therefore designing E-learning is highly worthwhile through collaborative research , between English lecturer and Information Technology lecturers. Prototyping is used for research method. The design process begins with requirements, quick design, built prototype, user evaluation, refining prototype, implement and maintain. Furthermore the main purpose of this research is designing a listening quiz through android based application and it is expected that the application will be used to assess listening class during online learning.
Using Technology in English Teaching of Pre-Service Teachers in 4.0 Industrial Revolution Era
Authors: Lestari Maria Yosephin Widarti , Musarokah Siti , Prashanty Asysyifa Dinar
Published: May 2020

The study aims at knowing the use of technology in teaching learning process of pre-service teachers of English Study Program of Universitas PGRI Semarang. The subjects of the study are the eight semester students which are Pre-service teachers of the English Study Program of Universitas PGRI Semarang in the academic year 2018/2019. The instrument used in the study is questionnaire. The techniques used in the study are sharing the questionnaire to the eight semester students through WhatsApp to know what kinds of technology used by them are and interview to know how their perception of the use of technology in teaching learning process is. The qualitative data are analyzed by reducing the data, classifying the data and drawing conclusion. The result of the study shows that Pre-service teachers tend to use same kinds of technology in teaching learning process, and they have an opinion that technology is really important for the teachers and for students.
Erros dos Dicionários
Authors: Carvalho José Augusto
Published: May 2020

Após algumas considerações históricas sobre o mais famoso e utilizado dicionário de língua portuguesa no Brasil, o Novo Dicionário Aurélio, este artigo pretende mostrar algumas lacunas, imprecisões e contradições da obra, depois que passou a ser difundida pela família do autor, muitas vezes sem a necessária revisão, como, por exemplo, no verbete ponto e vírgula, que se escrevia com hifens, o que levou o dicionarista a optar por um plural de palavra composta que não se justifica depois da nova ortografia que suprimiu os hifens transformando o substantivo composto em dois substantivos. Este artigo também menciona discussões entre o editor e consulentes que analisaram a obra comentando-lhe as inadequações. O artigo termina condenando a ideia de se incluírem palavras de uso recente ao acervo do Dicionário, sem a necessária análise sociolinguística dessas inclusões.
tragédia de Prometeu e a Hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Andrade Abah
Published: May 2020

O presente ensaio apresenta a Hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur, ao mesmo tempo em que aproveita a oportunidade para exercitá-la em um estudo sobre o trágico, centrando-se numa pequena análise da tragédia Prometeu acorrentado, de Ésquilo, a fim de elaborar uma tentativa de etnografia do trágico como experiência da qual não se pode fugir.
Troubling Figures
Authors: O'Laughlin Logan Natalie
Published: May 2020

This essay examines the figure of the pesticide-exposed intersex frog, a canary in the coal mine for public endocrinological health. Through feminist science studies and critical discourse analysis, I explore the fields that bring this figure into being (endocrinology, toxicology, and pest science) and the colonial and racial logics that shape these fields. In so doing, I attend to the multiple nonhuman actors shaping this figure, including the pesky weeds and insects who prompt pesticides’ very existence, “male” frogs who function as test subjects, and systemic environmental racism that disproportionately exposes people of color to environmental toxicants. I encourage careful examination of galvanizing environmental figures like this toxic intersex frog and I offer a method to do so.
Object tracking algorithm by moving video camera
Authors: Zalesky B. A.
Published: May 2020

The algorithm ACT (Adaptive Color Tracker) to track objects by a moving video camera is presented. One of the features of the algorithm is the adaptation of the feature set of the tracked object to the background of the current frame. At each step, the algorithm extracts from the object features those that are more specific to the object and at the same time are at least specific to the current frame background, since the rest of the object features not only do not contribute to the separation of the tracked object from the background, but also impede its correct detection. The features of the object and background are formed based on the color representations of scenes. They can be computed in two ways. The first way is 3D-color vectors of the clustered image of the object and the background by a fast version of the well-known k-means algorithm. The second way consists in simpler and faster partitioning of the RGB-color space into 3D-parallelepipeds and subsequent replacement of the color of each pixel with the average value of all colors belonging to the same parallelepiped as the pixel color. Another specificity of the algorithm is its simplicity, which allows it to be used on small mobile computers, such as the Jetson TXT1 or TXT2.

The algorithm was tested on video sequences captured by various camcorders, as well as by using the well-known TV77 data set, containing 77 different tagged video sequences. The tests have shown the efficiency of the algorithm. On the test images, its accuracy and speed overcome the characteristics of the trackers implemented in the computer vision library OpenCV 4.1.
Role of forests in maintaining a water balance in the territory of Belarus
Authors: Lysenko S. A. , Loginov V. F.
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the relationship between the forest cover and the amount of summer rainfalls in Belarus. We found that the spatial structure of the long-term precipitation field in Belarus is largely explained by the spatial features of its forest cover. In particular, the high forest cover in summer time provides 5–15 % more rain falls than that without forest. We also showed that the extremely dry period from 2014 to 2015 led to a significant transformation of the summer rainfall field. As a result, the field becomes almost the mirror opposite to the summer air temperature field. This indicates the important role of local evaporation in the formation of precipitation in the summer months. The important conclusion of the results is that additional forest stands are needed to prevent a further decrease in the level of surface and ground waters in Belarus. We also need to increase the use of agroforestry techniques in crop cultivation.
Construction of specific primers for identification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subspecies
Authors: Biruk A. M. , Furik N. N. , Tarashkevich Yu. S. , Savelyeva T. A.
Published: May 2020

Bacteria p. Leuconostoc is a technologically important group of lactic acid bacteria that is part of starter cultures for production of various dairy products. Two species are most important in the dairy industry: Leuconostoc lactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which includes three subspecies: dextranicum, mesenteroides and cremoris. The main problem of identifying representatives of the p. Leuconostoc that these microorganisms can often be misidentified as enterococci or lactobacilli. In comparison with traditional methods of species detection, the establishment of species identity using PCR is characterized by universality, a deeper level of species differentiation, high reproducibility and reliability. The article presents the results of designing specific primers for Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. dextranicum. The specificity of developed primers was confirmed by in silico testing using available Leuconostoc mesenteroides genomic sequences, and experimentally using DNA samples of Leuconostoc mesenteroides clear cultures. The taxonomic affiliation of 5 isolates of leuconostocci isolated from natural samples was established using the developed primers. Methodological Instructions have been developed that regulate the procedure for determining the taxonomic position of bacteria of genus Leuconostoc to a subspecies. Methodological guidelines for identification of leuconostocs will be used in collections of industrial microorganisms for the accurate identification of deposited strains.
Author`s paroimia “If you like printing, you should like to be prisoned” in the Russian language of the 1905–1907
Authors: Zagrebel’ny A. V.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the author’s paroimia “If you like printing, you should like to be prisoned”. In the course of working with the sources of the period of the first Russian revolution, the only case of using this paroimia in the rubric “New Proverbs” of the socio-political satirical magazine “Zarnitsy” was revealed. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time the author’s paroimia “If you like printing, you should like to be prisoned” is analyzed, which has not previously attracted the attention of researchers. The methods of component, contextual, logical and semiotic analysis, as well as analysis of vocabulary definitions were used in the work. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: 1) a source paroimia was established; 2) a structural and semantic transformation of the source paroimia was characterized; 3) recognition of the author’s paroimia was scientifically grounded in its system prototype; 4) an analysis of the events of Russian history of the period of the first Russian revolution, which led to the emergence of a new paroimia, was done, 5) the author’s paroimia judgment was formulated, its type was defined. The final part of the article outlines the prospects for further research.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) pada Beberapa Jarak Tanam dan Frekuensi Pembumbunan
Authors: Rahmawati Aulia , Purnamawati Heni , Kusumo Yudiwanti W. E.
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jarak tanam yang optimal dan frekuensi pembumbunan yang tepat untuk mendapatkan hasil panen terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jarak tanam yang terdiri atas enam taraf, yaitu 40 cm x 25 cm, 50 cm x 25 cm, 60 cm x 25 cm, 40 cm x 40 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm, dan 60 cm x 60 cm. Faktor kedua adalah frekuensi pembumbunan yang terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu dua kali pembumbunan dan tiga kali pembumbunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jarak tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap peubah jumlah daun, lebar kanopi, indeks luas daun (ILD), bobot brangkasan kering per tanaman, bobot polong basah per tanaman, bobot polong kering per tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman, jumlah polong bernas per tanaman, jumlah tanaman yang dipanen, bobot polong basah petak, bobot polong kering petak, dan bobot biji petak, sedangkan frekuensi pembumbunan hanya berpengaruh pada bobot brangkasan kering per tanaman. Jarak tanam 60 cm x 25 cm dan 40 cm x 40 cm memberikan hasil panen terbaik dan sesuai digunakan dalam budidaya kacang bogor.
Hubungan Mutu Buah dan Curah Hujan Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Bebas pada Minyak Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Purwanto Imdad Julian , Santosa Edi
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) di kebun kelapa sawit. Faktor yang dianalisis adalah kualitas buah dan curah hujan hubungannya dengan kandungan ALB. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2014 di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model regresi linier berganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan persentase buah restan berpengaruh nyata (P value = 0.045) terhadap kenaikan kadar ALB pada taraf 10%. Kenaikan 1% jumlah buah restan akan menaikkan ALB sebesar 0.001%. Persetase buah over ripe, buah unripe dan buah under ripe tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kenaikan ALB. Hal tersebut diduga karena proporsi yang sangat kecil. Demikian juga curah hujan, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan ALB.
Pengaruh Pupuk Nitrogen dan Pupuk Hayati Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sayuran Daun Indigenous Tahunan
Authors: Delyani Rista , Kartika Juang Gema
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk nitrogen terbaik dan mengetahui pengaruh pupuk cair hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi dua sayuran daun indigenous tahunan sebagai komoditas sayuran yang dapat dipanen lebih dari satu kali. Penelitian dilaksanakan kebun percobaan Lewikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor mulai pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2012. Penelitian menggunakan percobaan paralel dengan 2 komoditas, yaitu kenikir dan kemangi. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 2 faktor untuk setiap komoditas. Faktor pertama dadalah dosis Nitrogen dengan 4 taraf, 0 kg ha-1, 45 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1, dan 135 kg ha-1. Faktor keduan adalah Pupuk Cair Hayati (PCH) dengan 2 taraf, dengan PCH dan tanpa PCH. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dosis Nitrogen dapat meningkatkan produksi dua sayuran daun indigenous pada bobot hasil panen per petak. Nitrogen dapat memberikan produksi lebih baik pada lingkungan tapi belum optimum. Dosis rekomendasi Nitrogen sebesar 92,73 kg ha-1 untuk kenikir dan 45 kg ha-1 untuk kemangi. PCH tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi dari dua sayuran daun indigenous.
Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) terhadap Pemberian Inokulan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Pemupukan Fosfor
Authors: Hulu Versi Putra Jaya , Supijatno .
Published: May 2020

Peningkatan produksi dan kualitas tanaman karet harus dilakukan dengan teknik pembibitan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh inokulan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula dan dosis pupuk P terhadap pertumbuhan bibit stum mata tidur karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan mulai bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2014. Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pemberian inokulan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula yaitu tanpa inokulan mikoriza, dosis 10 g per tanaman, dan dosis 20 g per tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pemberian pupuk fosfor yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu pemupukan SP-36 (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 kali dosis rekomendasi, yaitu pemberian 3.88 g per tanaman pada bulan ke-1 dan 7.76 g per tanaman pada bulan ke-3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian inokulan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang tunas, diameter tunas, jumlah tangkai daun, jumlah akar, akar terpanjang, bobot basah dan bobot kering akar dan tajuk. Pemupukan P berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang tunas, serta bobot basah dan bobot kering akar dengan pola respon linear. Interaksi dengan kombinasi terbaik adalah pemberian 0.5 dosis rekomendasi SP-36 dan inokulan CMA 20 g per tanaman.
The ESTIMATING MARRIAGE AND DIVORCES AND COMPARING THEM USING NUMERICAL METHOD
Authors: Farah Feasal Ghazi  , Rasha Ibrahim Khalaf  , Sabah Neeran
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we describe the cases of marriage and divorce in the city of Baghdad on both sides of Rusafa and Karkh, we collected the data in this research from the Supreme Judicial Council and used the cubic spline interpolation method to estimator the function that passing through given points as well as the extrapolation method was applied to estimate the cases of marriage and divorce for the next year and comparison between Rusafa and Karkh by using the MATLAB program.
Screening of newly-diagnosed adults with Tuberculosis for Diabetes mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Salako AA , Adenowo OA , Amoran OE , Odusan O , Mautin GJ , Sanya-Ishijola FA
Published: May 2020

Background: Emerging patterns in epidemiological transitions have led to increased risk for Non-Communicable Diseases and infectious conditions globally. Diabetes mellitus (DM) in a population is one such risk factor that could lead to the development of Tuberculosis (TB) due to weakened immune functions in affected persons, with implications for mortality. If not diagnosed early, DM also leads to poor treatment outcomes in TB.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes) among newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 newly diagnosed Pulmonary TB patients in ljebu-Ode LGA. The patients were selected from four health facilities and were screened for elevated Fasting Blood Glucose levels using a laboratory spectrophotometer (glucose oxidase method).

Results: The mean age of the 100 study participants was 33 years (± 9.82), with ages within 19 -62 years. Eleven (11.0%) had elevated blood glucose levels suggestive of DM, while 20 (20.0%) had impaired fasting blood glucose levels. Among these 31 patients, 18 (58.0%) were males while 13 (42.0%) were females. The modal ages were within 20-39 years.

Conclusion: Screening for DM by healthcare providers should be routinely conducted before commencing TB patients on treatment. This will aid early detection, improve treatment outcomes of TB and prevent mortality among patients with these co-morbidities.
Pattern of haemostatic parameters and their relationship with microalbuminuria among hypertensives in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ijei IP , Bello-Manga H , Yusuf R , Sani BG , Mamman AI
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypertension is a common, non-communicable disorder of public health significance. Abnormalities in haemostasis and blood rheology have been linked to target organ damage (TOD) in hypertension. Microalbuminuria (MA) is an independent predictor of TOD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 107 consecutively recruited hypertensives attending the Cardiology Clinic at ABUTH, Zaria, Nigeria. Complete blood counts, haemostatic screening tests and microalbuminuria assay were performed on blood and urine specimens.

Results: The mean age of participants was 50.2±11.3 years and 59.3±18.2 years for females and males respectively with a female predominance (91/107; 85%). The frequencies of abnormal platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer and MA were 15%, 57%, 54.2%, 64.5%, 100%, 25.2%, and 41% respectively. Participants with poor BP control had an increased risk of derangements in aPTT and platelet counts (OR = 1.4, 1.4) but there was no significant difference in means with BP for aPTT, fibrinogen, and platelets (p = 0.517, 0.257 and 0.525 respectively). The impact of the duration of hypertension was shown in D-dimer levels up to 10 years. Participants on ARB/ACEI- containing regimens showed a higher risk of derangement in TT, aPTT, PT and D-dimer in contrast to platelet counts (OR = 0.96, p = 0.836). Haemostatic parameters showed weakly positive, statistically significant correlation on regression analysis.

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of, and positive correlation between haemostatic abnormalities and MA among hypertensives in Northern Nigeria. Abnormal haemostatic screening tests may indicate MA and increased risk of TOD.
Determinants of HIV serostatus disclosure and assessment of the competence of health care personnel in HIV serostatus disclosure
Authors: Adekunle MO , Olutekunbi OA , Animasahun BA , Afadapa MA , Ubuane PO
Published: May 2020

Background: Disclosure of HIV serostatus is essential for the care and eradication of HIV infection. The World Health Organization recommends disclosure to school-age children and younger children but this practice is commonly hindered by stigmatization and other presumed psychosocial effects of the disease.
Objective: To identify limitations to the disclosure of serostatus in HIV-infected children, outcomes of disclosure as well as compare the outcomes of disclosure by either parents/caregiver only with the involvement of health care personnel.
Methods: A questionnaire-based study of primary caregivers of children aged 6 years to 18 years with HIV infection who were enrolled at two government-owned tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The healthcare personnel directly involved in the care of these children also participated in the study.
Results: A total of 190 primary caregivers participated in the study. In all, 29 health care personnel completely filled the questionnaires. Disclosure (partial and full) was recorded among 31.0%. Older children and children with single parents were more likely to know their HIV status. Similar positive and negative impacts of disclosure were observed irrespective of the individuals involved in the processes. In all, 62.1% of healthcare personnel have had training on disclosure.
Conclusion: Disclosure rate in HIV-infected children was low. There is a need for more training of health personnel and education of caregivers on the benefits of disclosure as well as the introduction of effective measures to tackle the barriers to disclosure.
Qualitative phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and stem bark of Musanga cercropoides (Urticaceae)
Authors: Ibitoye SF , Ukpo G , Rabiu AS
Published: May 2020

Background: Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie (Urticaceae) is a plant that is widely used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of various infections such as cough, diarrhoea, and vaginal candidiasis.

Objective: To study the antimicrobial potency of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HAE) of the stem bark (ST) and leaves of Musanga cecropioides.

Method: The antimicrobial activities of the total alkaloidal constituent of the HAE of the ST and leaves were screened using agar diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtils,Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans as test organisms. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ST and leaves were performed following the conventional standard procedures of Trease and Evans.

Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins and terpenoids. The HAE of both ST and leaves exhibited notable activities against the tested microorganisms at different concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5 mg/ml) with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.6±0.5mm to 20.0±1.0mm. The highest activity against bacteria had a zone of inhibition of 18.6±1.1mm and 20.0±1.0mm for fungus. The zone of inhibition for antibacterial control drug (Ciprofloxacin) was 42.3±2.0mm while that of antifungal control drug (Griseofulvin) was 32.0±0.8mm. The total alkaloid yield for the ST was 1.200%w/w and 1.332%w/w for the leaves.

Conclusion: Musanga cercropoidesmay be a valuable source of a therapeutic agent for potent clinical antimicrobials.
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among asymptomatic Out-patients in a University Health Centre
Authors: Deji-Agboola AM , Olaosebikan OR , Adenipekun E , Osinupebi OA , Olajubu FA
Published: May 2020

Background: Asymptomatic carriage and spread of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community are potential risk factors for transmission of infection. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ESBL resistant genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from asymptomatic out-patients. Methods: Using a questionnaire, demographic information, medical history, previous hospitalization and antibiotics used were obtained. Stool and urine samples were collected from 350 participants, cultured, and the susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics and ESBL production were determined using the disk diffusion method. ESBL genes such as blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV were identified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction.   Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae were identified from the stool samples (256; 69.9% and 89; 24.4% respectively) and urine samples (15; 4.1% and 6; 1.6% respectively). The isolates were susceptible to imipenem  (330; 90.6%) and nitrofurantoin (307; 80.4%), most of the isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides while all the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The prevalence of ESBL was 29 (8.3%) and was observed in Escherichia coli (19; 7.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11; 12.0%), including a dual carriage. The ESBL carriers were resistant to the cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. CTX-M (20; 66.7%), TEM (14; 46.7%), CTX-M and TEM genes co-existed in 9 (30.0%) while no SHV gene was detected in the isolates. Age, sex, prior hospitalization and antibiotics use did not predispose to ESBL carriage. Conclusion: Asymptomatic carriage of ESBL producing enterobacteria in the participants indicates that they can serve as a reservoir of the gene encoding for antibiotic resistance.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of epithelial ovarian tumours in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Anjorin AO , Omoniyi-Esan GO , Odujoko OO , Anjorin AO
Published: May 2020

Background:  Epithelial ovarian tumours (EOT) have complex clinicopathologic characteristics and biological behaviours. There are benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumours and the commonest ovarian tumours in many regions are of epithelial origin. Many studies have described the histomorphological characteristics of the tumours. Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological features of epithelial ovarian tumours. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the histopathology reports of all epithelial ovarian tumours specimens submitted to the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife from January 2005 to December 2014. The EOT cases were described in terms of age, clinicopathological characteristics and distribution of histological types. Results: The frequencies of benign, borderline and malignant EOTs were 41.2%, 3.9% and 54.9% respectively and the patients were aged 23 to 94 years (mean 46.5±2.6 years). The majority of cases were often asymptomatic. Conclusion: Abdominal swelling was the most common presenting complaint while serous ovarian tumours were the most preponderant histological types.
Conjunctival bacterial infection among hospitalized neonates
Authors: Ogunfowora OB , Ajewole JO , Ajibode HA
Published: May 2020

Background: Conjunctivitis is a common infection among neonates and it is a known cause of preventable childhood blindness. There is geographical variation in the distribution of aetiological agents. Objective: To assess the prevalence of conjunctivitis among hospitalized neonates receiving care in a tertiary health care centre in South-west Nigeria, and describe its clinical and bacteriological correlates. Methods: The hospital records of neonates diagnosed with conjunctivitis at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu between January 2015 and December 2019 were reviewed. Their bio-data, perinatal history, laboratory results and treatment received were extracted for analysis. Results: One hundred and twenty-two neonates had conjunctivitis out of a total number of 2,286 admissions, giving a prevalence rate of 5.3%.  Male infants had almost double the risk of developing the disease compared to female infants (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.09-2.35).  Eighty-six (70.5%) babies were term, while 21 (17.2%) and 15 (12.3%) were preterm and small-for-gestational-age respectively. Most cases of neonatal conjunctivitis (82.0%) occurred in the first week of life while the mean ±SD age of onset was 5.3±4.5 days. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species were the commonest bacterial isolates affecting 57.1% and 23.0% neonates respectively. Moderately-high rates of resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin were observed among the bacterial isolates. Conclusion: Neonatal conjunctivitis is commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species in this setting. It is commoner among male infants.  Most cases run a mild course with good response to topical antimicrobial therapy.
A Nigerian adolescent with Long term Non-progressive HIV-infection: A case report
Authors: Ogundeyi MM , Oba-Daini OO , Adeniyi UP , Adenuga BI
Published: May 2020

Children infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be rapid progressors or be at the end of the spectrum of the illness as Long-term Non-progressors (LTNPs). Long term non-progressors are patients who never received Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) during the first decade of life and are maintaining good CD4+ count associated with declining HIV RNA values. The literature on paediatric patients with LTNP infection is sparse. An adolescent with HIV LTNP and likely vertical transmission of HIV is presented in this report. She presented with chronic cough, severe anaemia and dyspnea. She was wasted with bodyweight less than the 5th centile for age. She was not sexually active and had no history of blood transfusion, scarification, incisions or sharing of sharp grooming objects. The results of investigations suggested pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection. Her CD4 count was 42%. She was commenced on HAART and subsequently, anti-tuberculosis medications according to NTBLCP/DOTS Programme with improvement in symptoms and appreciable weight gain. Therefore routine voluntary HIV testing is recommended for all paediatric admission after consent or assent is obtained bearing in mind that a small subset of patients may fall into the LTNPs population.