bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Effect of Mouth Rinsing with a Solution Containing 1.6% Syzygium aromaticum Extract against Streptococcus mutans: An In vivo Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , Kamakeri Aishwarya , Narayanaswamy Muktha , Nekkanti Monisha , Bhuvija Pinnapareddy
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective:

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract has antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The objective was to assess and compare the salivary Streptococcus mutans counts on Mitis Salivarius Bacterium agar plates after 1 h of mouth rinsing with 30 mL solutions containing S. aromaticum and 0.2% chlorhexidine among 18–30-year-old adults in a clinical setting.

Methodology:

Sixteen participants fulfilling the eligibility criteria were randomized into two groups. Group A: rinsed with 0.16% S. aromaticum extract mouth rinse and Group B: rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Saliva samples of the participants were collected before and 1 h after mouth rinsing with 30 mL of interventional mouth rinse, for S. mutans count analysis. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was fixed at P < 0.05. Intra and Intergroup comparison of microbial counts was done using the Wilcoxon signed–rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively.

Results:

The results of the study showed that there was a significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts in both the groups postmouth rinsing with interventional solutions (P < 0.05). However, the intergroup comparison revealed that, in the chlorhexidine group, there was significantly more reduction in salivary S. mutans counts compared to S. aromaticum mouth rinsing group (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:

There was a reduction in salivary S. mutans counts after mouth rinsing with a solution containing S. aromaticum. Hence, clove mouth rinse could be an effective aid for the prevention and control of dental caries since it is safe and culturally acceptable.
Schoolchildren’s Musculoskeletal Pain and Backpack Weight Impact on Posture: A Short-Term Study
Authors: Ahmed Nishath Anjum , Ahmed Mohammed Musheer , Ahmed Nida Anjum , Shahid Afreen , Mittal Gaurav
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Research indicates heavy backpacks can cause students to adjust their posture, potentially harming their spine and shoulders. This study focuses on musculoskeletal pain in schoolchildren in Bangalore, attributed to backpack weight, and examines postural impacts in both urban and rural settings.

Methodology:

With consent, 500 students from various schools underwent physical measurements, including backpack weight, and provided data through questionnaires. Postural angles were assessed without backpacks to determine the impact of weight.

Findings:

On average, students carried backpacks weighing 6.53 kg, about 13.53% of their body weight. Pain was reported by 50.9% of boys and 63.9% of girls, with a higher incidence among girls from private schools (88.2%) compared to boys from government schools (51.6%).

Conclusion:

A significant link was found between heavier backpacks and decreased craniovertebral angle, head on neck (HON), and head and neck on trunk (HNOT) angles, aligning with increased pain prevalence. This underscores the health risks of heavy school backpacks and the need for weight management.
Study on Knowledge of Infection Control Practice of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Rahman Gazi Reaz , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are a significant risk in hospitals, leading to increased morbidity and mortality among patients due to poor hygiene practices.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study involved 350 participants from Wuhan’s private hospitals. Respondents answered a questionnaire distributed in person or via email, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:

Analysis revealed a knowledge gap among healthcare workers in infection control, affecting their ability to maintain hospital cleanliness. Education levels were assessed, showing that 60% of participants held diplomas or higher qualifications.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the urgent need for enhanced training and information dissemination on infection control practices among healthcare staff. Identifying this knowledge and practice gap is crucial for improving hospital hygiene and reducing HAI incidence.
Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Techniques for Pterygium Management: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Alharbi Abdulmajeed
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder characterized by the growth of fibrovascular tissue onto the cornea, leading to discomfort and visual impairment. Various surgical techniques, including conjunctival autografting, amniotic membrane transplantation, and bare sclera excision, are employed in the management of pterygium.

Materials and Methods:

Cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells were subjected to simulated pterygium conditions, mimicking the fibrovascular proliferation observed in vivo. Subsequently, different surgical techniques, including conjunctival autografting, amniotic membrane transplantation, and bare sclera excision, were simulated in vitro. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine expression were assessed using various assays, including MTT assay, scratch assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Untreated cells served as controls for comparison.

Results:

Conjunctival autografting demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of cell viability and proliferation compared to amniotic membrane transplantation and bare sclera excision. Autografted cells exhibited a significantly higher percentage of viable cells and enhanced proliferative capacity compared to cells subjected to other surgical techniques (P < 0.05). Additionally, conjunctival autografting promoted faster cell migration into the defect area, resulting in more rapid wound closure compared to other techniques. Furthermore, reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was observed in cells treated with conjunctival autografts compared to other groups.

Conclusion:

In vitro findings suggest that conjunctival autografting may offer superior outcomes in the management of pterygium compared to amniotic membrane transplantation and bare sclera excision.
The Role of Tele-Orthodontics in Enhancing Patient Compliance and Treatment Monitoring
Authors: Almoammar Salem
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Tele-orthodontics, the application of telecommunications technology in orthodontic care, has emerged as a promising tool to enhance patient compliance and facilitate treatment monitoring. In traditional orthodontic practice, patient compliance and monitoring are pivotal but often challenging aspects. Tele-orthodontics offers a solution by providing remote communication and monitoring capabilities, potentially improving patient engagement and treatment outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This study conducted a retrospective analysis of orthodontic patients who utilized tele-orthodontics as part of their treatment plan. A total of 100 patients were included in the study, with ages ranging from 12 to 40 years old. Patients were provided with mobile applications or web-based platforms enabling them to communicate with their orthodontists, submit progress images, and receive feedback remotely. Treatment compliance was assessed based on adherence to scheduled appointments, wearing of orthodontic appliances, and completion of prescribed exercises.

Results:

The analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient compliance with the implementation of tele-orthodontics. Adherence to scheduled appointments increased by 30%, with patients attending 95% of their appointments compared to 65% before the introduction of tele-orthodontics. Moreover, compliance with wearing orthodontic appliances showed a remarkable rise, with patients consistently wearing their appliances for an average of 22 h per day, up from 14 h per day previously. Additionally, the completion rate of prescribed exercises saw a notable enhancement, with 80% of patients completing their exercises as instructed, compared to 50% previously.

Conclusion:

Tele-orthodontics plays a significant role in enhancing patient compliance and treatment monitoring in orthodontic care. The remote communication and monitoring capabilities provided by tele-orthodontic platforms empower patients to actively participate in their treatment process, leading to improved adherence to appointments, better compliance with wearing orthodontic appliances, and increased completion of prescribed exercises. These findings underscore the importance of integrating tele-orthodontics into orthodontic practice to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction.
The Effectiveness of Zirconia Crowns Versus Metal Crowns in Anterior Teeth: In vitro Study
Authors: Alharethi Naji Ahmad
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The selection between Zirconia crowns and metal crowns for anterior teeth restorations is pivotal in prosthodontics due to their distinct properties. However, a comprehensive investigation into their effectiveness in anterior tooth restorations is warranted.

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Zirconia crowns and metal crowns in anterior teeth restorations. A total of thirty extracted human maxillary central incisors were prepared to receive crowns and randomly allocated into two groups: group A, zirconia crowns; and group B, metal crowns. The crowns were fabricated following standardized protocols and cemented onto the prepared teeth. Various tests, including fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, and color-matching assessment, were conducted on the samples.

Results:

The mean fracture resistance of Zirconia crowns (Group A) was determined to be 320 N (SD ± 25), whereas it was 280 N (SD ± 30) for metal crowns (Group B). Marginal adaptation assessment revealed a mean gap width of 50 microns (SD ± 10) for Zirconia crowns and 70 microns (SD ± 15) for metal crowns. Evaluation of color matching showed a higher percentage of acceptable matches for Zirconia crowns compared to metal crowns.

Conclusion:

Zirconia crowns exhibited superior fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, and color matching in comparison to metal crowns for anterior teeth restorations. These findings advocate for Zirconia crowns as a more effective choice for restoring anterior teeth, offering both strength and esthetic appeal.
Primary central nervous system neuroblastoma mimicking a meningioma: A case report
Authors: Yadav K , Sharma PK , Singh DK , Mishra VK
Published: July 2024

Neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial solid tumor in the pediatric age group (~8%–10% of childhood neoplasms). Most cases of intracranial neuroblastomas occur due to metastasis from some primary extracranial sites and are known as secondary neuroblastomas. However, the occurrence of primary central nervous system neuroblastomas (PCN-NB) is very rare, and only a few cases and case series have been reported in the literature. PCN-NB is mainly an intra-axial pathology, and extra-axial involvement is mainly due to metastasis from some extracranial primary site with involvement of the skull bone. Herein we report a case of a 23-year-old female having a large extra-axial space-occupying lesion in the right frontal region that was mimicking a meningioma, and surprisingly the histopathology was suggestive of a supratentorial neuroblastoma. A right frontal craniotomy was made, and Simpson’s grade 1 excision of the tumor was done. The excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination. PCN-NB located extra-axially are extremely rare to occur. Due to inconsistent radiological imaging, it becomes very difficult to diagnose these tumors preoperatively, and these should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses of extra-axial intracranial space-occupying lesions. Histopathological examination is crucial in diagnosing the intracranial neuroblastomas.
A Review of the Transition of Oral Keratinocytes from an Epithelial to a Mesenchymal State in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and the Potential Function of Apamin in Reversing This Transition
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes polarized and cohesive epithelial cells to become motile and join the extracellular matrix (ECM). Embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue repair need it. Interestingly, the same mechanism may cause cancer, organ fibrosis, scarring, and organ failure. WNT, Notch, Hedgehog, and RTK signaling impact EMT. This process also includes nontranscriptional changes due to growth hormones, cytokines, hypoxia, and ECM interaction. The reason for the development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is believed to be multifaceted; nevertheless, there is substantial evidence supporting the notion that it arises from dysregulation of collagen. EMT is a prominent phenomenon in the development of OSF, whereby myofibroblasts and keratinocytes are the cells most affected. The role of EMTs is crucial in both physiological and pathological processes. The significance of EMT involvement in the pathogenesis of OSF and the preceding inflammatory response suggests a promising avenue for further investigation. Transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1) plays a crucial role in the EMT of oral keratinocytes that initiates the pathogenesis of OSF. The objective of this review is to analyze the events of EMT in OSF, along with the processes and molecular routes that regulate alterations in gene expression within the oral cavity. The potential for cancerous transformation is linked to OSF, prompting an examination of the involvement of apamin in the advancement of EMT triggered by TGF-1 in oral keratinocytes.
The Effectiveness of Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block with Bupivacaine for Pain Relief after Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Abdullahi Muhammad , Bello Galadima Ibrahim , Mustapha Tijjani Yusuf , Panti Abubakar Abubakar , Bala Mujtaba
Published: July 2024

Background:

Postoperative pain is a major concern after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). We suggest that the use of intraoperative superior hypogastric plexus block (SHPB) could be a viable and safe alternative for managing postoperative pain in patients who have undergone TAH.

Materials and Methods:

After receiving ethical approval, 54 patients who were scheduled for TAH were divided equally into two groups: Group A and Group B. Following the procedure, patients in Group A (n = 27) were injected with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine, whereas patients in Group B (n = 27) were injected with 20 ml of 0.9% saline into the superior hypogastric plexus’s (SHPs) anatomical position. After the surgery and recovery from anesthesia, all patients were administered intravenous morphine at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg for postoperative pain relief. The Visual Analog Pain Scale was used to evaluate the postoperative pain. The quantity of morphine consumed within 24 h was also recorded. The data collected from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0.

Results:

The pain score measured in the postanesthesia care unit and at 1, 2, and 4 h after surgery was significantly lower in Group A when compared to Group B, with P < 0.05. There were no significant differences observed in the Visual Analog Scale scores at 12 and 24 h postsurgery between the two groups, with P > 0.05. The amount of morphine consumed in the 24 h following surgery was found to be significantly lower in Group A when compared to Group B. This difference was statistically significant, with P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Intraoperative SHPB block after abdominal hysterectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia and reduces postoperative morphine consumption compared to placebo, with fewer incidences of opioid adverse effects.
Healing of Large through-and-through Periapical Lesion 24 Managed by Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Shaiban Amal Saeed
Published: July 2024

The present case report demonstrates the nonsurgical endodontic treatment intervention of a large through-and-through periapical lesion in the anterior maxillary region of an 18-year-old female with a chief complaint of regular swelling and drainage of pus from the buccal and palatal areas of the maxillary anterior region of gingiva with no history of pain. The treatment includes thorough chemomechanical debridement, followed by complete endodontic therapy. The root canal was filled with calcium hydroxide for 2 weeks, followed by a bioceramic apical plug and obturation. Clinical and radiographic re-evaluations up to 2 years showed a total cure of periapical lesion. This case report shows that the conservative nonsurgical approach leads to the complete healing of large periapical lesions.
Comparative proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes reveals the functional contribution of N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Zhang Yidan , Liu Xin , Zhang Jian , Gao Ya , Li Shuyue , Chang Cui , Liu Xiang , Yang Guofeng
Published: July 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202510000-00029/figure1/v/2024-11-26T163120Z/r/image-tiff

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and few reliable biomarkers are available to track disease progression. The proteins, DNA, mRNA, and lipids carried by exosomes reflect intracellular changes, and thus can serve as biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In this study, we investigated alterations in the protein content of plasma exosomes derived from patients with Parkinson’s disease and the potential therapeutic roles of these proteins in Parkinson’s disease. Using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach, we characterized the proteomes of plasma exosomes derived from individual patients, identified exosomal protein signatures specific to patients with Parkinson’s disease, and identified N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase as a differentially expressed protein. N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase expression levels in exosomes from the plasma of patients and healthy controls were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. The results demonstrated that the exosomal N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase concentration was not only lower in Parkinson’s disease, but also decreased with increasing Hoehn–Yahr stage, suggesting that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase could be used to rapidly evaluate Parkinson’s disease severity. Furthermore, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels were markedly reduced both in cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and cells overexpressing α-synuclein compared with control cells. Additionally, N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase overexpression significantly increased cell viability and inhibited α-synuclein expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that exosomal N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase may serve as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, and that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase may reduce α-synuclein expression and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity, thus providing a new therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.
Exosomes originating from neural stem cells undergoing necroptosis participate in cellular communication by inducing TSC2 upregulation of recipient cells following spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Shiming , Li Jianfeng , Chen Guoliang , Lin Tao , Zhang Penghui , Tong Kuileung , Chen Ningning , Liu Shaoyu
Published: July 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202511000-00030/figure1/v/2024-12-20T164640Z/r/image-tiff

We previously demonstrated that inhibiting neural stem cells necroptosis enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury. While exosomes are recognized as playing a pivotal role in neural stem cells exocrine function, their precise function in spinal cord injury remains unclear. To investigate the role of exosomes generated following neural stem cells necroptosis after spinal cord injury, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing and validated that neural stem cells originate from ependymal cells and undergo necroptosis in response to spinal cord injury. Subsequently, we established an in vitro necroptosis model using neural stem cells isolated from embryonic mice aged 16–17 days and extracted exosomes. The results showed that necroptosis did not significantly impact the fundamental characteristics or number of exosomes. Transcriptome sequencing of exosomes in necroptosis group identified 108 differentially expressed messenger RNAs, 104 long non-coding RNAs, 720 circular RNAs, and 14 microRNAs compared with the control group. Construction of a competing endogenous RNA network identified the following hub genes: tuberous sclerosis 2 (Tsc2), solute carrier family 16 member 3 (Slc16a3), and forkhead box protein P1 (Foxp1). Notably, a significant elevation in TSC2 expression was observed in spinal cord tissues following spinal cord injury. TSC2-positive cells were localized around SRY-box transcription factor 2–positive cells within the injury zone. Furthermore, in vitro analysis revealed increased TSC2 expression in exosomal receptor cells compared with other cells. Further assessment of cellular communication following spinal cord injury showed that Tsc2 was involved in ependymal cellular communication at 1 and 3 days post-injury through the epidermal growth factor and midkine signaling pathways. In addition, Slc16a3 participated in cellular communication in ependymal cells at 7 days post-injury via the vascular endothelial growth factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings confirm that exosomes derived from neural stem cells undergoing necroptosis play an important role in cellular communication after spinal cord injury and induce TSC2 upregulation in recipient cells.
Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Eunhee , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Choi Se Hoon
Published: July 2024

Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer’s disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5’s protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer’s disease.
The effect of nebulized heparin in the attenuation of coronavirus disease 2019-induced acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ismail Tarek I. , Bader Mohamed , Mahrous Rabab S.S. , Abulfatth Amr M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the WHO in January 2020, efforts have been exerted by the scientific community to clarify the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-induced acute lung injury. Corticosteroids, inhaled vasodilators, B2 agonists, surfactant therapy, antibiotics, and/or antiviral agents are used as a pharmacological treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, we studied whether prophylactic nebulized heparin could limit this form of lung injury.

Patients and methods

In all, 100 adult patients with COVID-19 suffering from moderate symptoms of the disease were randomized to prophylactic nebulized heparin (1000 IU/kg) every 6 h or placebo. The primary outcome of this study was the average daily ratio of partial pressure of PaO2 to FiO2 (P/F ratio), while the patient was on room air for 7 days. The secondary outcome was the levels of fibrin degradation products in the pulmonary lavage fluid measured at baseline and on study days 3 and 7 through minibronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) fluid samples.

Results

We found nebulized heparin was accompanied by a better hypoxic index as it was linked to a lesser D-dimer change at the intermediate phase of the study (day 3). Moreover, nebulized heparin was not associated with bleeding complications.

Conclusion

In conclusion, prophylactic nebulized heparin may provide an adequate therapeutic approach in COVID-19 patients.
Ambulatory Anorectal Surgery: Unplanned Healthcare Utilization - An Observational Study
Authors: Talboom Arno , van Bergen Liesbeth , Van den Broeck Sylvie , Gaillard Marie , Komen Niels
Published: July 2024

Background:

In contemporary medical practice, ambulatory anorectal surgeries have become the standard for proctological procedures. The rate of unplanned healthcare utilization following these procedures in our hospital is unknown.

Objectives:

This study aims to assess the incidence of unplanned healthcare utilization following ambulatory anorectal surgeries.

Design:

A retrospective observational study.

Setting:

University Hospital of Antwerp.

Materials (Patients) and Methods:

Patients who underwent ambulatory anorectal surgeries during a period of three years, from 2017 to 2019.

Sample Size:

One hundred and twenty-eight patients.

Main Outcome Measures:

The incidence of unplanned medical healthcare utilization.

Results:

Among the 124 patients included in the study, 55 (44.4%) sought medical attention from the emergency department or their general practitioners within the first 30 postoperative days. The reasons for these unplanned returns varied: 16 patients (29.6%) experienced wound problems, 15 patients (27.8%) reported postoperative pain, four patients (6.7%) encountered administrative issues, seven patients (13%) sought information or reassurance, and six patients (11.1%) had other reasons. Notably, no significant risk factors associated with unplanned returns were identified.

Conclusions:

Nearly half of the patients who underwent ambulatory anorectal surgery sought medical care before their scheduled follow-up appointments, indicating a need for enhanced preoperative and postoperative patient counseling. In addition, earlier follow-up consultations and a review of pain medication prescriptions must be considered.

Limitations:

Retrospective design constraints leading to possible data exclusions.

Conflict of Interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Exploring the Impact of Quantum Computing on Machine Learning Performance
Authors: Li Keqin , Zhao Peng , Dai Shuying , Zhu Armando , Hong Bo , Liu Jiabei , Wei Changsong , Huang Wenqian , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2024

This paper delves into the integration of machine learning and quantum computing, highlighting the potential of quantum computing to enhance the performance and computational efficiency of machine learning. Through theoretical analysis and experimental studies, this paper demonstrates how quantum computing can accelerate traditional machine learning algorithms via its unique properties of superposition and entanglement, particularly in handling large datasets and solving high-dimensional problems. Detailed introductions to quantum-enhanced machine learning models such as quantum neural networks and quantum support vector machines are provided, and their efficacy is validated through experimental applications in tasks like handwriting digit recognition. Results indicate that the parallel processing capabilities of quantum computing significantly enhance the speed and precision of model training, while also addressing the challenges and potential solutions for practical applications of quantum computing. Finally, the paper discusses future research directions and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the integration of machine learning and quantum computing.
Organizaciones criminales: la intimidación como estrategia del poder
Authors: Coronado Rincon Oscar , Osorio Montoya Rodrigo Orlando
Published: July 2024

Las organizaciones criminales, se han convertido, al día de hoy, en el fenómeno que más cuestiona a las sociedades actuales, como a las disciplinas del Derecho y su doctrina jurídico-penal y procesal penal. Si bien es cierto, que comienzan como grupos delincuenciales comunes, terminan siendo una sociedad paralela que busca operar dentro y fuera del Estado, involucrando estructuras autorreguladas normativamente, complejas, disciplinadas y muchas veces contagiando la clase política.
 
    En este sentido, la delincuencia organizada es uno de los problemas más graves por los que atraviesa el mundo globalizado, en atención a sus crímenes trasnacionales de toda índole, el dominio territorial, económico, militar y hasta tecnológico; lo que las convierte en una amenaza para la estabilidad de las naciones, sus relaciones internacionales y los derechos humanos.
 
    Las características que rodean e identifican a las organizaciones criminales, así como las que las diferencian, dificultan las investigaciones penales, su procesamiento y desmantelamiento dada la facilidad, que tienen para penetrar las fronteras físicas, en la red y a la inmersión en actividades legales o con apariencia de legalidad; siempre en atención a sus necesidades de expansión y control, características que les son propias.
 
 
Con base en lo anterior, se puede decir que, las estructuras organizadas de criminalidad, permean todos los ámbitos sociales, cubriendo con su manto de la corrupción a políticos y empresarios, desestabilizando la naciones desde el seno de su institucionalidad, haciendo del alma del Estado un paraestado, incapacitado para su control jurídico-penal, disciplinario y administrativo, so pena de tener que condenarse a sí mismo, posibilitando una puerta a las reflexiones de conveniencia política, económica y éticas; en aras de hacer reconocimientos vergonzosos y graves que desestabilizan las relaciones internacionales y las relaciones instituciones del Estado.
 
Se está de cara a una epidemia mortal y mundial, que obliga a conocer sus elementos, características, génesis, desarrollo y mutaciones. Impone a estructurar estrategias y figuras internacionales de tipo jurídico-políticas, entre otros; para evitar que sigan creciendo, evolucionando y planeando nuevas estrategias de cooperación, alianzas, reorganización y fusión entre ellas; haciendo imposible el ejercicio de control jurídico-penal para su desmantelamiento. Es innegable que se hacen cosas para evitar su aumento. Sin embargo, aún falta mucho por hacer, lo que permite que estas estructuras ilegales le lleven la delantera a los Estados.
CONTABILIDAD Y GOBIERNO CORPORATIVO: FORTALECIENDO LA TRANSPARENCIA Y LA CONFIANZA DEL MERCADO
Authors: Morales Aguirre Karen , Martínez Prats Germán , Silva Hernández Francisca , Guzmán Fernández Candelaria
Published: July 2024

La intersección entre contabilidad y gobierno corporativo desempeña un papel fundamental en la consolidación de la transparencia y la confianza en los mercados financieros. Este artículo examina la relación simbiótica entre la calidad de la información contable y las estructuras de gobierno corporativo para fortalecer la integridad y la percepción positiva del mercado. Primero, se explora cómo las prácticas de gobierno corporativo, incluyendo la composición de la junta directiva, la independencia de los miembros, y los mecanismos de control, influyen en la divulgación de información financiera precisa y relevante. Se destaca la importancia de estos elementos en la promoción de la rendición de cuentas y la alineación de intereses. Además, se analiza el papel crucial de la contabilidad en este contexto, enfocándose en la adopción de estándares contables robustos, la implementación de sistemas de información confiables y la presentación transparente de datos financieros. Se aborda la manera en que una contabilidad precisa y comprensible puede fortalecer la confianza de los inversores, reducir la asimetría de la información y mitigar riesgos de comportamientos oportunistas. En conjunto, este estudio resalta la importancia de una sinergia efectiva entre la contabilidad y el gobierno corporativo para promover la transparencia y la confianza en los mercados financieros, subrayando su impacto en la toma de decisiones informadas y la estabilidad económica.
Medio ambiente laboral en una empresa hotelera en la ciudad de Agua Prieta Sonora
Authors: Corral Morales Emma , Atrip Karam Laila Guadalupe , Zazueta Villavicencio Blanca Esthela , Ruiz Moroyoqui Bryan Alberto , Salazar Verduzco Yaneth Yadira
Published: July 2024

El contexto en esta investigación es el clima laboral en una empresa del servicio de hotelería en la ciudad fronteriza de Agua Prieta Sonora, donde podemos hacer referencia en la problemática del clima laboral. Este proyecto está dirigido a los trabajadores de la empresa y al gerente, así como algunos clientes que pueden percibir ese clima de la organización. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se tomó una muestra de 130 clientes seleccionados al azar y considerando a los más frecuentes; para conocer las principales apreciaciones del clima de trabajo y lo que afecta en el proceso del servicio.
Las técnicas utilizadas en la investigación son: la encuesta, el cuestionario y la entrevista. Para recolectar, procesar y analizar información. El cuestionario  fue dirigido a los clientes de 8 ítems  medidos por la escalada de Likert para poder medir si los clientes estaban satisfechos con su atención, el otro instrumento de recolección fue una entrevista a los trabajadores constituida por 32 ítems separadas por 6 variables: medio ambiente laboral, comunicación entre los trabajadores, liderazgo, trabajo en equipo, satisfacción laboral y condiciones laborales medidos por la escala de Likert para poder evaluar el ambiente laboral que existe entre los trabajadores. El diseño de la investigación es método descriptivo, de tipo mixto, para obtener la información necesaria, se tuvieron que analizar datos medibles y no medibles de tipos cuantitativos y cualitativos ya que sería más flexible tener una mejor predicción de las cosas, los datos se concentran en una matriz para expresar los resultados.
Determinación de los factores causantes de la deserción escolar en una Institución de Educación Media Superior
Authors: Leyva Valenzuela Griselda , DÍAZ NIEBLAS BLANCA OLIVIA , VALDEZ MENDÍVIL MARÍA DEL CARMEN , COTA VEGA DENISSE ELIZABETH , ZAMBRANO CRUZ MARILI
Published: July 2024

Debemos ser conscientes que la deserción escolar de un alumno va a tener consecuencias claras sobre su futuro laboral, lo cual repercute en la productividad del país; en el presente proyecto se abordó una laboriosa investigación cuyo propósito fue determinar los factores causantes de la deserción escolar en un plantel de Educación Media Superior de Huatabampo, Sonora; para lo cual resultó de mucha ayuda la utilización del método cualitativo en la recolección de datos sobre las experiencias o comportamientos de los individuos , mismo que nos permitió combinar con el método cuantitativo; para ello fueron partícipes 300 alumnos del plantel, utilizando la herramienta de investigación “encuesta” con diversas preguntas que ayudan a medir los factores causantes de la deserción escolar.
Los resultados de la encuesta evidencian la inconformidad de los alumnos con algunas cuestiones del plantel y diversos motivos más que los pueden y orillan a abandonar sus estudios. Por tanto, se concluye que estos jóvenes necesitan ser escuchados, en sus problemas, quejas y sugerencias, quedando para el plantel la implementación de estrategias que ayuden a los jóvenes a orientarse y motivarlos para que sigan con entusiasmo sus estudios.
Palabras Clave: Factores, Causas, Deserción, Educación, Estrategias, Calidad.
UN ANÁLISIS DE LA BRECHA ENTRE LA UNIVERSIDAD Y LA SOCIEDAD
Authors: García Rojas Jesús Alberto
Published: July 2024

En la actualidad se reclama que los profesionistas tengan la habilidad adaptarse a entornos cambiantes y altamente competitivos, esta exigencia de este tipo de profesionistas dio origen a esta investigación, ya que esta labor contribuye a incidir en la productividad de las empresas, ya que con una mejor practica de escritura mediante la generación de proyectos de investigación se puede mejorar la calidad de los proyectos de los estudiantes que mañana serán trabajadores del futuro, así como la facilidad para generar soluciones innovadoras a los problemas que le aquejan a la sociedad. El impacto social que debe tener una universidad deber ser prioritario, ya que los estudiantes generalmente emigran a las ciudades donde existen mayores posibilidades de encontrar un empleo y difícilmente ejercen su profesión en su lugar de origen, es por ello que en este trabajo se recurrió a la investigación cualitativa aplicando un alto nivel de rigurosidad para comparar la teoría encontrada en fuentes fidedignas para obtener resultados sobre la realidad en la que vive el docente que realiza investigación, pues los diferentes contextos que tiene una universidad son distintos con respecto a un estado o país diferente, que es tema que se analizará en el presente artículo.
Capacidades Dinámicas Como Factor De Crecimiento Empresarial: Un Enfoque De Análisis Bibliométrico
Authors: Romero sainz Ana Karen , Bernal Domínguez Deyanira , Guzmán Lares Gregorio
Published: July 2024

El estudio parte del análisis de dos variables de reciente interés por parte de las organizaciones acerca de las capacidades dinámicas (DC), dynamic capabilities y el crecimiento empresarial (BG), business growth. De acuerdo con la literatura las DC son promotoras de ventajas competitivas, mientras que el BG forma parte de los objetivos trazados por las organizaciones lucrativas.
Utilizando un enfoque bibliométrico a partir de 2006 hasta 2023 en el cual se utilizó la base de datos Web Of Science (WoS). El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el número de artículos publicados por año, citas por año, artículos mayormente citados y los autores con más citas, los países con mayor índice de productividad y su acoplamiento bibliográfico con otros países, palabras clave, co-citación de autores más prolíficos e influyentes, correlacion de  revistas, acoplamiento bibliográfico de las organizaciones con más producción sobre las variables principales, para lograr lo anterior se utilizó el software VosViewer y Excel.
Se evidencio que las variables principales de estudio muestran una tendencia en aumento en las publicaciones, lo que demuestra que dichas temáticas se encuentran dentro de la frontera del conocimiento, además que la sostenibilidad se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con el crecimiento y las capacidades dinámicas e incluyen variables y categorías de estudio sobre el medio ambiente, recursos, emprendimiento, innovación, emprendimiento verde, y cambios en los modelos de negocios hacia una economía para la sostenibilidad.
Percepción de la Gestión Estratégica e Innovación Tecnológica de Empresas Manufactureras y Aeroespaciales en Mexicali, Baja California, México.
Authors: González Núñez RAUL , Valdés Hernández Roberto Carlos , Figueroa Villanueva Adelaida
Published: July 2024

La innovación tecnológica, la gestión estratégica y la planeación estratégica juegan un rol determinante en las empresas, enfrentan constantemente el reto de los cambios tecnológicos, por lo que se necesita que interactúen todos sus recursos para lograr alcanzar sus metas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la incidencia de la innovación tecnológica, la gestión estratégica, las Tecnologías de la información y la planeación estratégica en las empresas manufactureras de Mexicali. La investigación fue aplicada, cuantitativa, no experimental de diseño transversal, correlacional. La muestra fue tomada a 51 empresas en la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California. Se aplicó un cuestionario con 25 items en escala de Likert, el análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. 24. La fiabilidad del instrumento se respalda por el valor obtenido de 0,958 del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, Si bien la relación de las dimensiones es positiva, los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las empresas están conscientes sobre la importancia de la innovación y la gestión estratégica para alcanzar los objetivos en sus procesos productivos planteados en el corto y mediano plazo.
Impacto de los programas de intervención socio educativa en la reducción del acoso escolar en niñas de educación primaria
Authors: Angulo González Johana , Anaya Falcón Lilia
Published: July 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar y evaluar la efectividad que genera un programa de intervención socio educativa en la reducción del acoso escolar en niñas de educación primaria. Participaron 115 estudiantes, de un aproximado de 8 a 10 años de edad, de educación primaria. El programa incluyó talleres de sensibilización, sesiones de mediación y conflictos, conferencias relativas al tema acoso escolar y taller para padres de familia, durante un semestre escolar. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en los incidentes de acoso, sugiriendo que los programas de intervención socio educativa, puede ser efectiva para la prevención del acoso escolar.
Editorial
Authors: Espinoza Morales Francisco
Published: July 2024

Editorial
Francisco Espinoza Morales
Nuestro compromiso, contribuir y aportar con nuestros conocimientos, en este espacio que ha construido el Departamento de Ciencias Económico Administrativas de Facultad Interdisciplinaria de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas campus Navojoa de la Universidad de Sonora, con el apoyo de Fomento Editorial y la Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado.
Agradecemos a nuestros colaboradores en el equipo de edición, porque con ello se fortalece este esfuerzo editorial, gracias de nuevo compañeros investigadores.
Jugar con el pasado: explorando los beneficios y desafíos de la gamificación en la enseñanza de la Historia
Authors: Álvarez Sepúlveda Humberto Andrés
Published: July 2024

La gamificación en la clase de historia se presenta como una estrategia innovadora para enseñar la disciplina a los estudiantes. Este capítulo explora y fundamenta tanto los beneficios como los desafíos de implementar la gamificación en la enseñanza de la historia. Metodológicamente, este trabajo se fundamenta en una revisión de alcance de publicaciones de diversas bases de datos, tales como Latindex, Wos, Scopus, Scielo, Clacso, Redalyc, ProQuest y Dialnet. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo bajo un paradigma humanista, utilizando un método inductivo, diseño narrativo de tópico y un enfoque interpretativo. Los resultados respaldan la efectividad de la gamificación para aumentar la motivación intrínseca, desarrollar el pensamiento histórico y reforzar la participación activa de los estudiantes en la clase de historia. A pesar de sus ventajas, se concluye que resulta fundamental llevar a cabo una planificación cuidadosa y adaptada de la gamificación al contexto educativo del alumnado.
En busca de la creatividad: talleres didácticos de inteligencia musical en estudiantes de primaria
Authors: Salas Acuña Ever Omar , Luna Ccoa Verónica
Published: July 2024

Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal la instauración de un conjunto de talleres educativos enfocados en la inteligencia musical, con el propósito de incentivar el desarrollo de la creatividad en estudiantes de primaria. La investigación se sustenta en una estrategia de enfoque mixto y diseño secuencial con un alcance transformador. Las conclusiones principales demuestran que el 10% de los estudiantes exhibe un nivel de creatividad bajo, el 22% un nivel intermedio y el 68% un nivel avanzado. Los hallazgos indican que la mayoría de los alumnos manifiesta un nivel de creatividad alto, lo cual se refleja en todas las facetas de esta categoría. Dentro de la dimensión del ritmo, se consideran elementos como el pulso y el compás, la melodía abarca la combinación de sonidos cantados y transiciones melódicas y la armonía conlleva la identificación y ejecución de acordes. El enfoque sugerido consta de tres talleres que cubren la identificación rítmica, la asimilación melódica y la ejecución de la armonía. Los talleres propuestos enlazan las dimensiones de la inteligencia musical con las de la creatividad. Se nota que los ritmos potencian la creatividad visomotora a través del uso de vasos y palillos, mientras que la melodía intenta impulsar la creatividad verbal mediante el solfeo y el ritmo, lo cual propicia el desarrollo de la creatividad aplicada con la improvisación.
Certificación de estudiantes universitarios en Python: una exploración en la asignatura de programación
Authors: López Luna José Fidencio , Herrera Rivas Hiram , Hernández Almazán Jorge Arturo , Machucho Cadena Rubén
Published: July 2024

Los empleadores muestran una creciente preferencia por contratar personas certificadas en diversos ámbitos, incluida la programación de computadoras en el área de Tecnología de la Información. Por otro lado, los profesionales de Tecnologías de la Información buscan obtener certificaciones internacionales para complementar los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridas durante su formación en la educación superior. Este estudio se enfoca en el proceso de certificación inicial en Python para estudiantes de Ingeniería en Tecnologías de la Información. El objetivo principal es explorar la implementación de un proceso de certificación en Python para estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura de programación de un programa de estudios de nivel superior. El examen de certificación aplicado a los estudiantes fue el “PCEP™ – Certified Entry-Level Python Programmer (Examen PCEP-30-02)”.
La responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) y la pedagogía de Vygotsky en universidades de Ancash, Perú
Authors: Floriano Mija Giselle Milagros , Bendezu Yquiapaza Freddy , Capa Robles Italo Sotero , Corcino Cutamanca Héctor Daniel
Published: July 2024

Este estudio analiza la relación entre la responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) y la pedagogía de Vygotsky en universidades de Ancash–Perú. Se plantea un objetivo de investigación orientado a identificar cómo los principios de interacción social y aprendizaje colaborativo de Vygotsky se reflejan en los programas de RSU y su impacto en el desarrollo de los estudiantes. La metodología usada fue de tipo básico, con un diseño no experimental y enfoque cuantitativo correlacional simple. Se recopilaron datos mediante encuestas aplicadas a 120 estudiantes de diversas universidades de Ancash. Los resultados muestran una correlación significativa entre la participación en programas de RSU y la percepción de desarrollo cognitivo y social de los estudiantes, confirmando la hipótesis de que los principios de Vygotsky están integrados en estos programas. Se concluye que la RSU en universidades peruanas potencia el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes, reforzando la importancia de la pedagogía de Vygotsky en el contexto universitario​.
Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Out-of-Distribution Detection
Authors: Zhu Armando , Liu Jiabei , Li Keqin , Dai Shuying , Hong Bo , Zhao Peng , Wei Changsong
Published: July 2024

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from large scale date. In this paper, we present a novel approach for OOD detection that leverages the generative ability of diffusion models and the powerful feature extraction capabilities of CLIP. By using these features as conditional inputs to a diffusion model, we can reconstruct the images after encoding them with CLIP. The difference between the original and reconstructed images is used as a signal for OOD identification. The practicality and scalability of our method is increased by the fact that it does not require class-specific labeled ID data, as is the case with many other methods. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our method, which have significantly improved the detection accuracy.