bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Control of CO2 Production during Milk Fermentation in a Batch Bioreactor
Authors: Ritonja Jožef
Published: July 2021

The basic characteristic of batch bioreactors is their inability to inflow or outflow the substances during the fermentation process. This follows in the simple construction and maintenance, which is the significant advantage of batch bioreactors. Unfortunately, this characteristic also results in the inability of the current industrial and laboratory batch bioreactors to control fermentation production during the process duration. In some recent studies, it was shown that changing the temperature could influence the execution of the fermentation process. The presented paper shows that this phenomenon could be used to develop the closed-loop control system for the fermentation production control in batch bioreactors. First, based on theoretical work, experiments, and numerical methods, the appropriate structure of the mathematical model was determined and parameters were identified. Next, the closed-loop control system structure for batch bioreactor was proposed, and the linear and adaptive control system based on this structure and the derived and identified model were developed. Both modeling and adaptive control system design are new and represent original contributions. As expected, due to the non-linearity of the controlled plant, the adaptive control represents a more successful approach. The simulation and experimental results were used to confirm the applicability of the proposed solution.
Statistics and Practice on the Trend’s Reversal and Turning Points of Chinese Stock Indices Based on Gann’s Time Theory and Solar Terms Effect
Authors: Zhou Tianbao , Li Xinghao , Wang Peng
Published: July 2021

Despite the future price of individual stocks has long been proved to be unpredictable and irregular according to the EMH, the turning points (or the reversal) of the stock indices trend still remain the rules to follow. Therefore, this study mainly aimed to provide investors with new strategies in buying ETFs of the indices, which not only avoided the instability of individual stocks, but were also able to get a high profit within weeks. Famous theories like Gann theory and the Elliott wave theory suggest that as part of the nature, market regulations and economic activities of human beings shall conform to the laws of nature and the operation of the universe. They further refined only the rules related to specific timepoints and the time cycle rather than the traditional analysis of the complex economic and social factors, which is, to some extent, similar to what the Chinese traditional culture proposes: that every impact on and change in the human society is always attributable to changes in the nature. The study found that the turns of the stock indices trend were inevitable at specific timepoints while the strength and intensity of the turns were uncertain, affected by various factors by then, which meant the market was intertwined with both certainty and uncertainty at the same time. The analysis was based on the data of the Shanghai Index, the Second Board Index and the Shenzhen Index, the three major indices that represent almost all aspects of the Chinese stock market, for the past decades. It could effectively reduce the heteroscedasticity, instability and irregularity of time series models by replacing 250 daily high-frequency data with the extreme points near every twenty-four solar terms per year. The forecasts focusing on the future stock trend of the all-solar-terms group and the eight-solar-terms group were proved accurate. What is more, the indices trend was at a high probability to turn in a range of four days at each solar term. The alert period also provided the readers with a practical example of how it works in the real investment environment.
Adaptation of Random Binomial Graphs for Testing Network Flow Problems Algorithms
Authors: Deaconu Adrian Marius , Spridon Delia
Published: July 2021

Algorithms for network flow problems, such as maximum flow, minimum cost flow, and multi-commodity flow problems, are continuously developed and improved, and so, random network generators become indispensable to simulate the functionality and to test the correctness and the execution speed of these algorithms. For this purpose, in this paper, the well-known Erdős–Rényi model is adapted to generate random flow (transportation) networks. The developed algorithm is fast and based on the natural property of the flow that can be decomposed into directed elementary s-t paths and cycles. So, the proposed algorithm can be used to quickly build a vast number of networks as well as large-scale networks especially designed for s-t flows.
Carbon Trading Mechanism, Low-Carbon E-Commerce Supply Chain and Sustainable Development
Authors: Shen Liang , Wang Xiaodi , Liu Qinqin , Wang Yuyan , Lv Lingxue , Tang Rongyun
Published: July 2021

Considering the carbon trading mechanism and consumers’ preference for low-carbon products, a game decision-making model for the low-carbon e-commerce supply chain (LCE-SC) is constructed. The influences of commission and carbon trading on the optimal decisions of LCE-SC are discussed and then verified through numerical analysis. On this basis, the influence of carbon trading on regional sustainable development is empirically analyzed. The results show that the establishment of carbon trading pilots alleviates the negative impact of unfair profit distribution. Increasing the commission rate in a reasonable range improves the profitability of LCE-SC. Nevertheless, with the enhancement of consumers’ low-carbon preference, a lower commission rate is more beneficial to carbon emission reduction. The total carbon emission is positively related to the commission rate. However, the unit carbon emission decreases first and then increases with the commission rate. The influence of the carbon price sensitivity coefficient on the service level is first positive and then negative, while the influence on the manufacturer’s profit goes the opposite. The empirical analysis confirms that the implementation of carbon trading is conducive to regional sustainable development and controlling environmental governance intensity promotes carbon productivity.
A Large Retrospective Assessment of Voriconazole Exposure in Patients Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Van Daele Ruth , Bekkers Britt , Lindfors Mattias , Broman Lars Mikael , Schauwvlieghe Alexander , Rijnders Bart , Hunfeld Nicole G. M. , Juffermans Nicole P. , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Coimbra Sousa Carlos Antônio , Jacquet Luc-Marie , Laterre Pierre-François , Nulens Eric , Grootaert Veerle , Lyster Haifa , Reed Anna , Patel Brijesh , Meersseman Philippe , Debaveye Yves , Wauters Joost , Vandenbriele Christophe , Spriet Isabel
Published: July 2021

Background: Voriconazole is one of the first-line therapies for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Drug concentrations might be significantly influenced by the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We aimed to assess the effect of ECMO on voriconazole exposure in a large patient population. Methods: Critically ill patients from eight centers in four countries treated with voriconazole during ECMO support were included in this retrospective study. Voriconazole concentrations were collected in a period on ECMO and before/after ECMO treatment. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of ECMO on voriconazole exposure and to assess the impact of possible saturation of the circuit’s binding sites over time. Results: Sixty-nine patients and 337 samples (190 during and 147 before/after ECMO) were analyzed. Subtherapeutic concentrations (<2 mg/L) were observed in 56% of the samples during ECMO and 39% without ECMO (p = 0.80). The median trough concentration, for a similar daily dose, was 2.4 (1.2–4.7) mg/L under ECMO and 2.5 (1.4–3.9) mg/L without ECMO (p = 0.58). Extensive inter-and intrasubject variability were observed. Neither ECMO nor squared day of ECMO (saturation) were retained as significant covariates on voriconazole exposure. Conclusions: No significant ECMO-effect was observed on voriconazole exposure. A large proportion of patients had voriconazole subtherapeutic concentrations.
Human and Animal Dirofilariasis in Southeast of France
Authors: Laidoudi Younes , Otranto Domenico , Stolowy Natacha , Amrane Sophie , Santhakumari Manoj Ranju Ravindran , Polette Laurine , Watier-Grillot Stéphanie , Mediannikov Oleg , Davoust Bernard , L'Ollivier Coralie
Published: July 2021

Dirofilariasis is one of the oldest known zoonotic infections of humans mainly caused by the filarial parasites of the species Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, which primarily infect dogs. A five-year survey (2017 to 2021) was conducted among the dog population to assess the molecular prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. in southeast France. Morphological and genetic analysis were performed on filaroids from dogs and one infected woman from the studied area. A total of 12 (13%) dogs scored molecularly positive for Dirofilaria spp. of which nine carried blood microfilariae. Ocular dirofilariasis was detected in a 79-year-old woman with no travel history. Both electron microscopy and molecular sequencing identified the worm in the human case as D. repens. Molecularly, D. repens isolates were identical in the human and dog cases, representing the only genotype reported so far in France. Despite the distribution of this genotype through all Europe, it was grouped separately with the other two European genotypes and with Asian ones. As in almost all previous human cases in France, D. repens parasites were mainly recovered from the ocular region of patients and were geographically concentrated in the southeastern regions. Data demonstrate the sympatric occurrence of D. immitis and D. repens with high risk of infection to human and dog populations in these investigated geographical areas, thereby underlining the urgent need to implement preventive chemoprophylactic strategies and vector control to reduce the risk of these filaroids in dog and human populations.
Clinical Manifestations in a Fatal Case of Probable Rickettsia and Leptospira Coinfection in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Dzul-Rosado Karla R. , Cardenas-Marrufo Maria Fidelia , Lugo-Caballero Cesar , Alvarez-Baeza Alberto , Mendez-Dominguez Nina
Published: July 2021

Clinical or serological coinfections of Rickettsia and Leptospira are uncommon but should be included in differential diagnosis when poor sanitation and cohabitation with infected animals may converge. Rickettsial and leptospiral infections have been continuously increasing throughout the past decade in Yucatan, Mexico. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by aerobic spirochetes, while rickettsiosis is an arthropod-borne disease. In 2020, 16% of all rickettsiosis cases and 10% of leptospirosis in the country originated in Yucatan. The objective of the present case report was to document an unusual case of probable coinfection with Rickettsia and Leptospira with emphasis on clinical manifestations and the epidemiological context that may orient future multidisciplinary measures. Here, we presented the case of a 12-year-old female whose mother had recently recovered from a rickettsial infection. The patient presented with fever and developed unspecific signs and symptoms of infection; however, her condition quickly deteriorated with gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, and neurological dysfunction. After discounting rabies and identifying infection with Rickettsia and Leptospira, antibiotic treatment was indicated, but it was too late to prevent death. Simultaneous infections of Rickettsia and Leptospira may be considered in endemic regions when environmental, epidemiological, and clinical conditions converge.
Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting CGRP: From Clinical Studies to Real-World Evidence—What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Mavridis Theodoros , Deligianni Christina , Karagiorgis Georgios , Daponte Ariadne , Breza Marianthi , Mitsikostas Dimos
Published: July 2021

Now more than ever is the time of monoclonal antibody use in neurology. In headaches, disease-specific and mechanism-based treatments existed only for symptomatic management of migraines (i.e., triptans), while the standard prophylactic anti-migraine treatments consist of non-specific and repurposed drugs that share limited safety profiles and high risk for interactions with other medications, resulting in rundown adherence rates. Recent advances in headache science have increased our understanding of the role of calcitonin gene relate peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) pathways in cephalic pain neurotransmission and peripheral or central sensitization, leading to the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or small molecules targeting these neuropeptides or their receptors. Large scale randomized clinical trials confirmed that inhibition of the CGRP system attenuates migraine, while the PACAP mediated nociception is still under scientific and clinical investigation. In this review, we provide the latest clinical evidence for the use of anti-CGRP in migraine prevention with emphasis on efficacy and safety outcomes from Phase III and real-world studies.
Interaction of a Short Peptide with G-Quadruplex-Forming Sequences: An SRCD and CD Study
Authors: Honisch Claudia , Ragazzi Eugenio , Hussain Rohanah , Brazier John , Siligardi Giuliano , Ruzza Paolo
Published: July 2021

G-quadruplex (G4) forming DNA sequences were recently found to play a crucial role in the regulation of genomic processes such as replication, transcription and translation, also related to serious diseases. Therefore, systems capable of controlling DNA and RNA G-quadruplex structures would be useful for the modulation of various cellular events. In particular, peptides represent good candidates for targeting G-quadruplex structures, since they are easily tailored to enhance their functionality. In this work, we analyzed, by circular dichroism and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopies, the interaction of a 25-residue peptide deriving from RHAU helicases (Rhau25) with three G-quadruplex-forming oligonucleotide sequences, in both sodium- and potassium-containing buffers, the most relevant monovalent cations in physiological conditions. The peptide displayed greater affinity for the G4 sequences adopting a parallel structure. However, it showed the ability to also interact with antiparallel or hybrid G-quadruplex structures, inducing a conformation conversion to the parallel structure. The stability of the oligonucleotide structure alone or in presence of the Rhau25 peptide was studied by temperature melting and UV denaturation experiments, and the data showed that the interaction with the peptide stabilized the conformation of oligonucleotide sequences when subjected to stress conditions.
A Lagrange Relaxation Based Decomposition Algorithm for Large-Scale Offshore Oil Production Planning Optimization
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Zhao Yue , Wang Yuhong , Zuo Xin , Chen Tao
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a new Lagrange relaxation based decomposition algorithm for the integrated offshore oil production planning optimization is presented. In our previous study (Gao et al. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 2020, 133, 106674), a multiperiod mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model considering both well operation and flow assurance simultaneously had been proposed. However, due to the large-scale nature of the problem, i.e., too many oil wells and long planning time cycle, the optimization problem makes it difficult to get a satisfactory solution in a reasonable time. As an effective method, Lagrange relaxation based decomposition algorithms can provide more compact bounds and thus result in a smaller duality gap. Specifically, Lagrange multiplier is introduced to relax coupling constraints of multi-batch units and thus some moderate scale sub-problems result. Moreover, dual problem is constructed for iteration. As a result, the original integrated large-scale model is decomposed into several single-batch subproblems and solved simultaneously by commercial solvers. Computational results show that the proposed method can reduce the solving time up to 43% or even more. Meanwhile, the planning results are close to those obtained by the original model. Moreover, the larger the problem size, the better the proposed LR algorithm is than the original model.
Results of the Dragon 4 Project on New Ocean Remote Sensing Data for Operational Applications
Authors: Gibert Ferran , Boutin Jacqueline , Dierking Wolfgang , Granados Alba , Li Yan , Makhoul Eduard , Meng Junmin , Supply Alexandre , Vendrell Ester , Vergely Jean-Luc , Wang Jin , Yang Jungang , Xiang Kunsheng , Yin Xiaobin , Zhang Xi
Published: July 2021

This paper provides an overview of the Dragon 4 project dealing with operational monitoring of sea ice and sea surface salinity (SSS) and new product developments for altimetry data. To improve sea ice thickness retrieval, a new method was developed to match the Cryosat-2 radar waveform. Additionally, an automated sea ice drift detection scheme was developed and tested on Sentinel-1 data, and the sea ice drifty capability of Gaofen-4 geostationary optical data was evaluated. A second topic included implementation and validation of a prototype of a Fully-Focussed SAR processor adapted for Sentinel-3 and Sentinel-6 altimeters and evaluation of its performance with Sentinel-3 data over the Yellow Sea; the assessment of sea surface height (SSH), significant wave height (SWH), and wind speed measurements using different altimeters and CFOSAT SWIM; and the fusion of SSH measurements in mapping sea level anomaly (SLA) data to detect mesoscale eddies. Thirdly, the investigations on the retrieval of SSS include simulations to analyse the performances of the Chinese payload configurations of the Interferometric Microwave Radiometer and the Microwave Imager Combined Active and Passive, SSS retrieval under rain conditions, and the combination of active and passive microwave to study extreme winds.
Evaluating Machine Learning and Geostatistical Methods for Spatial Gap-Filling of Monthly ESA CCI Soil Moisture in China
Authors: Sun Hao , Xu Qian
Published: July 2021

Obtaining large-scale, long-term, and spatial continuous soil moisture (SM) data is crucial for climate change, hydrology, and water resource management, etc. ESA CCI SM is such a large-scale and long-term SM (longer than 40 years until now). However, there exist data gaps, especially for the area of China, due to the limitations in remote sensing of SM such as complex topography, human-induced radio frequency interference (RFI), and vegetation disturbances, etc. The data gaps make the CCI SM data cannot achieve spatial continuity, which entails the study of gap-filling methods. In order to develop suitable methods to fill the gaps of CCI SM in the whole area of China, we compared typical Machine Learning (ML) methods, including Random Forest method (RF), Feedforward Neural Network method (FNN), and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with a geostatistical method, i.e., Ordinary Kriging (OK) in this study. More than 30 years of passive–active combined CCI SM from 1982 to 2018 and other biophysical variables such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), precipitation, air temperature, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil type, and in situ SM from International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) were utilized in this study. Results indicated that: (1) the data gap of CCI SM is frequent in China, which is found not only in cold seasons and areas but also in warm seasons and areas. The ratio of gap pixel numbers to the whole pixel numbers can be greater than 80%, and its average is around 40%. (2) ML methods can fill the gaps of CCI SM all up. Among the ML methods, RF had the best performance in fitting the relationship between CCI SM and biophysical variables. (3) Over simulated gap areas, RF had a comparable performance with OK, and they outperformed the FNN and GLM methods greatly. (4) Over in situ SM networks, RF achieved better performance than the OK method. (5) We also explored various strategies for gap-filling CCI SM. Results demonstrated that the strategy of constructing a monthly model with one RF for simulating monthly average SM and another RF for simulating monthly SM disturbance achieved the best performance. Such strategy combining with the ML method such as the RF is suggested in this study for filling the gaps of CCI SM in China.
Detained during a Pandemic: Human Rights behind Locked Doors
Authors: Stefanelli Justine N.
Published: July 2021

Every year, thousands of people are detained in United States immigration detention centers. Built to prison specifications and often run by private companies, these detention centers have long been criticized by academics and advocacy groups. Problems such as overcrowding and lack of access to basic healthcare and legal representation have plagued individuals in detention centers for years. These failings have been illuminated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disproportionately impacted detained migrants. Against a human rights backdrop, this article will examine how the U.S. immigration detention system has proven even more problematic in the context of the pandemic and offer insights to help avoid similar outcomes in the future.
Cost Minimizations and Performance Enhancements of Power Systems Using Spherical Prune Differential Evolution Algorithm Including Modal Analysis
Authors: Ghoneim Sherif S. M. , Kotb Mohamed F. , Hasanien Hany M. , Alharthi Mosleh M. , El-Fergany Attia A.
Published: July 2021

A novel application of the spherical prune differential evolution algorithm (SpDEA) to solve optimal power flow (OPF) problems in electric power systems is presented. The SpDEA has several merits, such as its high convergence speed, low number of parameters to be designed, and low computational procedures. Four objectives, complete with their relevant operating constraints, are adopted to be optimized simultaneously. Various case studies of multiple objective scenarios are demonstrated under MATLAB environment. Static voltage stability index of lowest/weak bus using modal analysis is incorporated. The results generated by the SpDEA are investigated and compared to standard multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) to prove their viability. The best answer is chosen carefully among trade-off Pareto points by using the technique of fuzzy Pareto solution. Two power system networks such as IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems as large-scale optimization problems with 129 design control variables are utilized to point out the effectiveness of the SpDEA. The realized results among many independent runs indicate the robustness of the SpDEA-based approach on OPF methodology in optimizing the defined objectives simultaneously.
Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in Gymnodinium catenatum Induced by Allelopathy
Authors: Fernández-Herrera Leyberth José , Band-Schmidt Christine Johanna , Zenteno-Savín Tania , Leyva-Valencia Ignacio , Hernández-Guerrero Claudia Judith , Muñoz-Ochoa Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Allelopathy between phytoplankton species can promote cellular stress and programmed cell death (PCD). The raphidophyte Chattonella marina var. marina, and the dinoflagellates Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Gymnodinium impudicum have allelopathic effects on Gymnodinium catenatum; however, the physiological mechanisms are unknown. We evaluated whether the allelopathic effect promotes cellular stress and activates PCD in G. catenatum. Cultures of G. catenatum were exposed to cell-free media of C. marina var. marina, M. polykrikoides and G. impudicum. The mortality, superoxide radical (O2●−) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein content, and caspase-3 activity were quantified. Mortality (between 57 and 79%) was registered in G. catenatum after exposure to cell-free media of the three species. The maximal O2●− production occurred with C. marina var. marina cell-free media. The highest TBARS levels and SOD activity in G. catenatum were recorded with cell-free media from G. impudicum. The highest protein content was recorded with cell-free media from M. polykrikoides. All cell-free media caused an increase in the activity of caspase-3. These results indicate that the allelopathic effect in G. catenatum promotes cell stress and caspase-3 activation, as a signal for the induction of programmed cell death.
HIPERPARATIREOIDISMO SECUNDÁRIO: CORRELAÇÃO CLÍNICA, LABORATORIAL E RADIOLÓGICA
Authors: Nascimento Guilherme Machado , Vasconcelos Henrique Guimarães , Rodrigues Fernanda Odete Souza , Faveri Lucas Antonio , Lara Leandra Rosique , de Moraes Elyson Enrique Campos , de Castro Heron , Calixto Rafael Costa , Cazarotto Vitória Treichel , Viali Karollyne Henriques Lopes , Resende Diego Barbosa , Fávero Gustavo Fajardo Cury
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura disponível e evidenciar os principais aspectos e correlações clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas que caracterizam o hiperparatireoidismo secundário. Metodologia: Trata-se de revisão de literatura, do tipo integrativa, de artigos pesquisados nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMED), Google Acadêmico e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), e publicados entre os anos 2000 e 2021. Os descritores utilizados na busca foram “secondary hyperparathyroidism”, “chronic kidney failure”, “clinical manifestations”, “laboratory” e “radiology”. Resultados: Apesar de as manifestações clínicas serem inespecíficas, as principais correlações que podem ser encontradas são artralgias, calcifilaxia, deformidades e dores ósseas. Quanto às alterações laboratoriais, os níveis séricos de PTH estão elevados, o cálcio plasmático pode estar aumentado ou normal e a concentração de fósforo pode ser reduzida ou adequada. Sobre as evidências radiológicas, osteopenia e a reabsorção periosteal são as mais características. Conclusão: Aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e radiológicos são descritos com relação ao hiperparatireoidismo secundário, uma importante complicação da DRC. Diante de seus impactos sistêmicos, diagnóstico precoce e intervenção médica efetiva são essenciais.
CÁLCULO MENTAL NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UM OLHAR PARA OS DOCUMENTOS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS BRASILEIROS
Authors: De Oliveira Vanessa
Published: July 2021

Nosso objetivo no texto é compreender as características e possibilidades do Cálculo Mental, evidenciando como esse tipo de cálculo é proposto nos documentos curriculares nacionais: Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) e Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de uma parte da investigação da pesquisa de mestrado, desenvolvida pela autora, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática no XXX, campus XXX. A pesquisa que subsidia este texto é qualitativa na abordagem fenomenológica. Para este artigo trazemos os autores lidos que nos permitem destacar características do Cálculo Mental e suas possibilidades de trabalho na sala de aula dos anos inicias. A leitura dos documentos curriculares nacionais propõe um trabalho nos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental com Cálculo Mental que valorize a compreensão dos conteúdos matemáticos e as relações que podem ser estabelecidas entre eles, de modo que os alunos desenvolvam e discutam com o professor e colegas suas estratégias pessoais para resolução de problemas.
TAREFAS EXPLORATÓRIO-INVESTIGATIVAS PARA O ENSINO E A APRENDIZAGEM DE QUADRILÁTEROS NO 8.º ANO
Authors: Rezende Dayselane Pimenta Lopes , Carneiro Reginaldo Fernando
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as contribuições das tarefas exploratório-investigativas e dos materiais didáticos manipuláveis para o estudo de quadriláteros por alunos do 8.º ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública do interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizaram-se, para produção de dados, o diário de campo, a gravação em áudio e vídeo da realização das tarefas pelos alunos, relatório fotográfico dos diversos momentos e das atividades. As tarefas exploratório-investigativas possibilitaram ao aluno a compreensão de conceitos de quadriláteros, por meio da observação, da manipulação, do levantamento de hipóteses e do registro de suas descobertas, promovendo mudanças significativas no comportamento e na cultura escolar. Os materiais manipuláveis permitiram que os alunos identificassem propriedades dos quadriláteros e compreendessem conceitos. A pesquisa possibilitou uma aprendizagem de conceitos e conteúdos por meio do envolvimento dos alunos para realizar as tarefas, o desenvolvimento da linguagem matemática, da capacidade de comunicar as ideias e das habilidades investigativas.
DEEP LEARNING WITH LONG-TERM SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR IOT TRAFFIC PREDICTION
Authors: БОРОДИН А.С. , АБДЕЛЛАХ А.Р. , КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ А.Е.
Published: July 2021

Использование искусственного интеллекта в сетях связи пятого (5G) и последующих поколений дает новые возможности, в том числе для прогнозирования трафика. Это особенно важно для трафика интернета вещей (IoT - Internet of Things), поскольку число устройств IoT очень велико. Предлагается для прогнозирования трафика IoT применить глубокое обучение с использованием нейронной сети долговременной краткосрочной памяти LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory).

The use of artificial intelligence in communication networks of the 5G and subsequent generations provides completely new opportunities, including for traffic forecasting. This is especially important for IoT traffic because the number of IoT devices is very large. The article proposes to apply deep learning to predict IoT traffic using a neural network of longterm short-term memory (LSTM).
TRANSMISSION OF SHORT MESSAGES IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH PERMUTATION MODULATION AND REED-SOLOMON CODES
Authors: БЫХОВСКИЙ М.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье выполнено исследование возможности создания энергетически эффективных систем связи, предназначенных для передачи коротких сообщений длиной 50...1000 бит по каналу связи, в которых применяются ансамбли сигналов с перестановочной модуляцией, а также коды Рида-Соломона. Полученные результаты показали, что рассмотренные системы связи при вероятности ошибки декодирования принятого сообщения, равной Pdec=10-6 , имеют существенный энергетический выигрыш (примерно 2,6 дБ) по сравнению с системами, в которых используются сигналы с модуляцией 2-PSK, коды с малой плотностью проверок на четность (LDPC), турбокоды и др. Кроме того, показано, что системы связи, в которых для передачи коротких сообщений применяются ансамбли сигналов, оптимальных по Шеннону, энергетически эффективнее по сравнению с системами, в которых для этого используются традиционные методы модуляции и помехоустойчивые коды. Применение оптимальных по Шеннону ансамблей позволяет существенно сократить длительность сигналов при передаче такого же количества бит, которое может быть передано по каналу связи традиционными методами.

The article investigates the possibility of creating energy-efficient communication systems designed to transmit short messages 50...1000 bits long via a communication channel in which signal ensembles with permutation modulation (PM) are used, as well as Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The results obtained showed that the considered communication systems with a probability of decoding error of the received message equal to Pdec=10-6 have a significant energy gain (approximately 2.6 dB), in comparison with systems that use signals with 2-PSK and LDPC codes, turbo codes, etc. It is shown that communication systems using Shannon-optimal signal ensembles for short message transmission are more energy efficient than systems using traditional modulation methods and noise-resistant codes. The use of Shannon-optimal ensembles can significantly reduce the duration of signals when transmitting the same number of bits that can be transmitted over the communication channel by traditional methods.
HTS FOR RUSSIA
Authors: ЛОКШИН Б.А.
Published: July 2021

Предлагается к реализации спутник Ku-диапазона с многолучевой структурой и повторным использованием частот, обладающий высокой пропускной способностью, в несколько раз превышающей аналогичный параметр традиционных космических аппаратов (КА). Рассматриваются технические аспекты построения полезной нагрузки и особенности использования КА в сетях связи.

We propose for implementation of a Ku-band communication satellite with a multi-beam configuration and frequency reuse technology, having a data throughput, which is several times higher than that of traditional Ku-band satellites. The technical aspects of constructing the payload and specific features of these satellites' application in communication networks are considered.
INTERFERENCE RESISTANCE OF THE MCWILL SYSTEM
Authors: ШОРИН О.А. , БОКК Г.О.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрены проблемы помехоустойчивости алгоритмов цифровой обработки принимаемых сигналов для системы связи МАКВИЛ. Особое внимание уделено вопросам коррекции амплитудно-частотных и фазо-частотных искажений радиоканала в условиях предельно низких отношений сигнал/шум. Произведена оценка потенциальных возможностей улучшения показателя чувствительности при многолучевом распространении сигналов. Выявлены наилучшие алгоритмы. Показано, что для диапазона частот 340 МГц абоненты системы МАКВИЛ, перемещающиеся со скоростями до 6 м/с, при рассмотрении вопроса помехоустойчивости могут восприниматься как стационарные.

Problems of interference resistance of algorithms of digital processing of received signals for the McWiLL communication system are considered. Particular attention is paid to the correction of the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency distortions of the radio channel in conditions of extremely low signal-to-noise ratios. The potential for improving the sensitivity index for multipath signal propagation is assessed. The best algorithms are identified. It is established that for the frequency range of 340 MHz McWiLL system subscribers moving at speeds up to 6 m/s can be perceived as stationary when considering the interference resistance issues.
APPLICATION OF BLIND SIGNAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF PHASE-SHIFTED RADIO SIGNALS
Authors: ЛИБЕРОВСКИЙ Н.Ю. , ЧИРОВ Д.С. , ПЕТРОВ Н.Д.
Published: July 2021

Целью данной работы является исследование эффективности алгоритма слепого разделения сигналов (СРСв задаче обнаружения цифровых фазоманипулированных радиосигналов. Рассмотрены классические методы СРС и критерии независимости сигналов. Исследована модель алгоритма СРС, основанного на вычислении размешивающей матрицы, которая приводит совместные кумулянты второго и четвертого порядков к нулю. Для исключения тривиального решения накладываются дополнительные ограничения на дисперсии сигналов. Приводится система уравнений для нахождения коэффициентов размешивающей матрицы. Показан вид коэффициентов размешивающей матрицы, приводящей сигналы к некоррелированному виду. Доказана возможность аналитического решения уравнения, связанного с равенством совместного кумулянта четвертого порядка к нулю. По результатам моделирования алгоритма СРС показано, что предложенный алгоритм позволяет обеспечить прием ФМ-2 радиосигнала на фоне гауссовой помехи. Выигрыш в отношении сигнал-помеха составляет не менее 2 дБ.

The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the blind signal separation algorithm in the problem of detecting digital PSK radio signals. Classical methods of blind signal separation and criteria of signal independence are considered. A model of a blind signal separation algorithm based on the calculation of a mixing matrix that reduces the joint cumulants of the second and fourth orders to zero is investigated. To eliminate the trivial solution, additional restrictions are imposed on the signal variances. A system of equations for finding the coefficients of the mixing matrix is given. The view of the coefficients of the mixing matrix, which leads the signals to an uncorrelated form, is shown. The possibility of an analytical solution of the equation associated with the equality of the joint cumulant of the fourth order to zero is proved. Based on the results of the simulation of the blind signal separation algorithm, it is shown that the proposed algorithm allows receiving the PSK-2 radio signal against the background of Gaussian interference. The gain in the signal-to-noise ratio is at least 2 dB.
CROSS-POLARIZATION OF DUAL-REFLECTOR ANTENNA
Authors: ВОРОНЦОВ А.П. , ВОЛГАТКИН К.М. , ЕРМОЛАЕВ С.В. , ПРИЩЕПА И.Н.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрен вопрос расчета кроссполяризации двухзеркальных антенн с вынесенным облучателем и использованием комплексных координат. Приведено необходимое и достаточное условие для нулевого уровня кроссполяризации в апертуре рефлектора. Дан пример расчета тангенса угла наклона единичного вектора поляризации в апертуре рефлектора двухзеркальной антенной системы типа Кассегрена.

The problem of calculating the cross-polarization of dual-reflector antennas with offset feed using complex coordinates is considered. A necessary and sufficient condition for the zero level of cross-polarization in the reflector aperture is given. The example of calculating the tangent of the angle of slope of a single polarization vector in the aperture of a reflector of a Cassegrain-type dual-reflector antenna system is presented.
Gestión y estudio evolutivo del agua para el desarrollo sostenible de la región Piura, Perú
Authors: Alburqueque Miguel , Ramos Jéssica , Marchena Carlos , Ramírez Elvis
Published: July 2021

El objetivo fue proponer un modelo de Gestión sostenible del agua en base a un estudio evolutivo para el desarrollo sostenible en la región Piura. Este trabajo se realizó bajo el paradigma hipotético deductivo, de tipo sustantiva básica con diseño correlacional transversal. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: cuestionario 1, aplicado a una muestra de 220 familias, para la obtención de información sobre el consumo de agua, y el cuestionario 2, aplicado a una muestra de 36 profesionales en ejercicio de la administración pública, estos instrumentos fueron complementados con fichas bibliográficas. Se empleó la prueba chi-cuadrada (X2), grados de libertad=32) con un nivel de significación del 5% (α=0,05) con la finalidad de demostrar las hipótesis planteadas. Confrontando los valores obtenidos experimentalmente se rechazó la hipótesis nula. El modelo de gestión y el estudio evolutivo del agua si contribuyen al desarrollo sostenible del agua.
Gothic Horror and Muslim Madness in V. S. Naipaul’s Beyond Belief
Authors: O’Shea-Meddour Wendy
Published: July 2021

This article is written in response to the favorable critical reception that V. S. Naipaul’s writings about the Muslim world have received in mainstream western culture. Since the publication of his travel narratives, Among the Believers and Beyond Belief, Naipaul has enjoyed a reputation as an authority on the Muslim world. The critical acclaim that he has received has been accompanied by official recognition, including a knighthood and the Nobel Prize for Literature. However, many critics beyond the periphery of mainstream western culture have voiced concerns about his hatred of Islam. In this article, I offer a revisionist reading of Naipaul’s most recent Islamic travel narrative, Beyond Belief, arguing that Islamophobia has been disturbingly misinterpreted as expertise. Focusing on three main literary themes – nineteenth-century literary conventions, the gothic genre, and neurosis – I expose this bigoted worldview and call for his status to be reconsidered.
Blacks, the WOI Theory, and Hidden Transcripts
Authors: Rashid Samory
Published: July 2021

This study offers a rare glimpse into the often hidden world of Islam and Muslims in the Americas as told from the perspective of an indigenous black Muslim born and raised in the United States. In addition to providing a theoretical and methodological critique of the Waves of Immigration (WOI) theory, the dominant theoretical perspective governing studies of Islam and Muslims in the Americas, this study also offers an alternative theoretical perspective designed to provide a more accurate and thorough portrayal of Islam and Muslims in the Americas.
Participatory Research Engagement of Vulnerable Populations: Employing Survivor-Centered, Trauma-Informed Approaches
Authors: Jumarali Selima N. , Nnawulezi Nkiru , Royson Samantha , Lippy Carrie , Rivera Ashley N. , Toopet Ty
Published: July 2021

Participatory research methods increase the quality and relevance of a study and are a key element of community practice. However, participatory methods can be difficult to employ at the outset of a research study with vulnerable, hard-to-reach populations. Intimate partner violence survivors are a particularly vulnerable population who are at increased risk of experiencing abuse-related trauma and have distinct safety-related needs. In order to engage survivor populations, researchers can employ survivor-centered, trauma-informed approaches to build trust and develop relationships that facilitate increased engagement in the research process over time. This paper outlines the methods and strategies that academic partners used to establish, increase, and maintain participatory engagement with women who experienced harm by intimate partners. The process began with a community-based, qualitative needs assessment study for survivors whose partners were in a relationship violence intervention program. In addition to responding to specific aims, this study simultaneously helped to create a pool of potential collaborators. Academic partners used member checking to establish trustworthiness of the study findings and introduce the participants to the concepts of participatory engagement. Next, researchers established an advisory group to develop practice recommendations, which ultimately led to academic and community partners co-designing a community-based dissemination project. We discuss successes and tensions inherent in the engagement process, important lessons learned, and provide recommendations for future community practice.
Partnering on the Evaluation of the Montana Tribal Tobacco Program: The Story of a Successful State-Tribal Collaboration
Authors: Sucha Janet , Roberts Erica , Buckless Brandie , Richidt Lisa , Bigby Diana , Kingfisher Dana
Published: July 2021

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have historically been subject to unethical research and evaluation practices imposed upon them by outsiders. Given this history and the often, strained relationships between state and tribal governments, tribes can be hesitant to work with and trust state agencies to conduct research and evaluation in their communities. This paper shares a collaborative process undertaken by the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, American Indian Tobacco Prevention Specialists, and James Bell Associates, Inc., to successfully develop and implement a locally meaningful evaluation project. Together, we designed a culturally responsive evaluation study to examine the impact of the Montana Tobacco Use Prevention Program being implemented in tribal and urban Indian communities. We co-authored this paper to ensure the perspectives of all three groups were represented. We share lessons learned and recommendations for state agencies, tribes, and urban Indian organizations seeking to evaluate tribal public health programs.
Second-Person Arts-Based Action Research for Group Reflection
Authors: Dickman-Burnett Victoria L. , Shaya Trinity V. , Zalat Isabelle R.
Published: July 2021

This brief report discusses the use of second-person arts-based action research in the context of a participatory research team of one mentor researcher and two undergraduate student researchers studying their own relationship with rape culture through arts-based second-person inquiry. The inquiry involved two phases with intentional reflection between each phase. This report outlines how the second-person arts-based approach was used in the group to offer a framework to similar approaches for other groups in their own research practices. Second-person research approaches offer both the reflection of first-person research and the group discussion of second-person research, adding rich reflexive elements to existing participatory research projects. The arts-based elements enhance these processes with creativity and thoughtfulness.
Affettare
Authors: Patota Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

Tre lettrici pongono tre dotti quesiti intorno al verbo affettare. La prima, segnalando che nell’Etica di Spinoza il verbo affettare ha la valenza tecnica di ‘suscitare affetto’ – affetto nel senso di ‘moto dell’animo’, ‘sentimento’, ‘passione’ –, chiede se sia corretto adoperare il verbo con questo particolare significato nell’italiano di oggi. La seconda chiede se sia accettabile una frase come “L’anomalia affetta il cromosoma 21”, in cui, evidentemente, il verbo affettare ha il significato di ‘colpire’. La terza lettrice chiede sostanzialmente la stessa cosa: se, cioè, il verbo in questione possa essere usato nel senso di adficere e adfici, che in latino potevano significare ‘colpire’ ed ‘essere colpito’.
Fragilizzare, fragilizzante e fragilizzazione
Authors: Sergio Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

Alcuni lettori ci segnalano le forme anti-fragilizzante e fragilizzati, detto dei capelli, usate in alcune pubblicità di prodotti cosmetici: sono corrette? Un altro lettore ci chiede se la parola fragilizzazione sia utilizzabile anche al di fuori di ambiti tecnico-scientifici.
Qual è il femminile di cavaliere?
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: July 2021

Sono arrivate varie domande sul femminile di cavaliere. Come si indica una ‘persona che va a cavallo’ o un ‘soldato a cavallo’ se di sesso femminile? E quando una donna viene insignita del titolo di Cavaliere al merito della Repubblica è possibile rendere tale onorificenza al femminile?
Un facsimile non è un template… ma sono entrambi invariabili?
Authors: Giovine Sara
Published: July 2021

Rispondiamo ai numerosi lettori che ci hanno scritto per conoscere la differenza di significato tra facsimile e template riproponendo la risposta di Gabriella Cartago, pubblicata sul n. 58 (I, 2019) della nostra rivista La Crusca per voi. Aggiungiamo inoltre una breve nota per rispondere a quanti ci chiedono quale sia la corretta forma di plurale di facsimile.
A Multi-Channel Ratio-of-Ratios Method for Noncontact Hand Video Based SpO2 Monitoring Using Smartphone Cameras
Authors: Tian Xin , Wong Chau-Wai , Ranadive Sushant , Wu Min
Published: July 2021

Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is an important indicator for pulmonary and respiratory functionalities. Clinical findings on COVID-19 show that many patients had dangerously low blood oxygen levels not long before conditions worsened. It is therefore recommended, especially for the vulnerable population, to regularly monitor the blood oxygen level for precaution. Recent works have investigated how ubiquitous smartphone cameras can be used to infer SpO2. Most of these works are contact-based, requiring users to cover a phone's camera and its nearby light source with a finger to capture reemitted light from the illuminated tissue. Contact-based methods may lead to skin irritation and sanitary concerns, especially during a pandemic. In this paper, we propose a noncontact method for SpO2 monitoring using hand videos acquired by smartphones. Considering the optical broadband nature of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color channels of the smartphone cameras, we exploit all three channels of RGB sensing to distill the SpO2 information beyond the traditional ratio-of-ratios (RoR) method that uses only two wavelengths. To further facilitate an accurate SpO2 prediction, we design adaptive narrow bandpass filters based on accurately estimated heart rate to obtain the most cardiac-related AC component for each color channel. Experimental results show that our proposed blood oxygen estimation method can reach a mean absolute error of 1.26% when a pulse oximeter is used as a reference, outperforming the traditional RoR method by 25%.