bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China-Rezeption der jüdischen Emigranten in Shanghai am Beispiel von Kurt Lewin und Willy Tonn
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu
Published: August 2021

Abstract This article explores the social-cultural, but little-known phenomenon based on German-language Shanghai Jewish exile publications: In the 1930s and 40s, these Jewish intellectuals, such as Kurt Lewin and Willy Tonn, fascinated by the Chinese culture, not only “studied”
the enduring cultural essence of Chinese civilization that has survived and thrived for thousands of years, but they also “thought” about the common oriental virtues between Chinese and Jewish culture, to encourage the Jews in the Diaspora to bravely find the spiritual salvation,
with a firm conviction that their culture will never die out in spite of a devastating blow by the Nazis.
Automatic Segmentation of Skin Regions in Thermographic Images: an Experimental Study
Authors: Roseiro Cristina M. R. , Roseiro Luis
Published: August 2021

Infrared thermography can be applied in medical applications, such as monitoring skin temperature in inflammatory processes. The possibility for health care professionals and patients to be able to easily, quickly and economically, at anytime and anywhere, monitor the skin temperature distribution through the acquisition of images to control skin infections is extremely important nowadays. This work aims to develop an automatic methodology for the segmentation, identification, analysis and diagnosis of skin inflammation based on thermographic images. The study compares thermographic images from subregions of the hand skin and presents an experimental investigation to segment and identify features in the images automatically. Left and righthand images from two volunteers’ obtained in different conditions, such as cold action, activity action (opening and closing the hand), and friction action (rub both hands), were considered and analyzed. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the implemented procedures and encourage developing and implementing an operating system to monitor skin infections in thermographic images.
On Modelling of Genetic Regulatory Net Works
Authors: Sadyrbaev Felix , Samuilik Inna , Sengileyev Valentin
Published: August 2021

We consider mathematical model of genetic regulatory networks (GRN). This model consists of a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. The vector of solutions X(t) is interpreted as a current state of a network for a given value of time t: Evolution of a network and future states depend heavily on attractors of system of ODE. We discuss this issue for low dimensional networks and show how the results can be applied for the study of large size networks. Examples and visualizations are provided
3D Environment Exploration with SLAM for Autonomous Mobile Robot Control
Authors: Kudriashov Andrii , Buratowski Tomasz , Garus Jerzy , Giergiel Mariusz
Published: August 2021

In the paper a solution for building of 3D map of unknown terrain for the purposes of control of wheeled autonomous mobile robots operating in an isolated and hard-access area is described. The work environment is represented by a three-dimensional occupancy grid map built with SLAM techniques using LIDAR sensor system. Probabilistic methods such as adaptive Monte Carlo localization and extended Kalman filter are used to concurrently build a map of surroundings and a robot’s pose estimation. A robot’s displacement and orientation are obtained from odometry and inertial navigation system. All algorithms and sub-systems have been implemented and verified with Robot Operation System with a framework for exploration tasks in multi-level buildings
EVALUATING PANDEMIC LED PANIC BUYING IN RETAIL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Asma Asma Basit , Lubna Lubna Maroof , Amna Amna Aslam
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

 

Purpose: The study sought to evaluate the unique panic buying behavior of consumers to gain an understanding of the factors leading to this type of consumer behavior and its implications for retail marketers and policymakers.
Shallow hydrocarbon gas in the northern Jutland-Kattegat region, Denmark
Authors: Jørgensen N. , Buchardt B. , Laier T. , Cederberg T.
Published: August 2021

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions and chemical analyses are reported for gas samples collected from 11 gas wells, two gas seeps and 8 water wells in Vendsyssel, northern Jutland, and the island of Læsø in Kattegat, Denmark. Tue chemical composition shows methane-rich gas, poor in heavy gaseous hydrocarbons with a ½+ concentration less than 0.01 % . Tue methane is relative ly depleted with respect to the heavy isotopes, i.e. b13C: -63.6%o to -89.2%o b2H: -177%o to -2288%.. Tue data fall within the range which is generally considered to characterize microbial gas formed via CO2 reduction. Toere is no evidence of contribution of gas from thermogenic sources.
Tue gas is known from a large number of gas wells and water wells in Upper Pleistocene marine deposits and from submarine gas seeps in the Kattegat. Tue gas field has a NW to SE areal extent subparallel to the northem limit of the Danish sub-basin and the major fault-systems of the Fennoscandian border zone. This distribution coincides with the occurences of a tectonic depression in the pre-Quaternary surface which primarily is filled in with Eemian and Weichselian marine sediments. Tue gas most likely derives from degradation of organic material in the Upper Pleistocene marine sediments themselves and is subsequently trapped in restricted reservoirs of sand and grave!.
Crystallization and layer formation in the middle zone of the Skaergaard Intrusion
Authors: Naslund H. R. , Turner P.A. , Keith D. W.
Published: August 2021

Macro-rhythmic layering and modally-graded layering in a 23.3 m thick section of the middle zone of the Skaergaard intrusion were examined in detail. The macro-rhythmic layers form a sequence of alternating plagioc!ase-rich and pyroxene-rich layers with sharp upper and lower boundaries that range in thickness from 0.3 to 3.3 m and can be traced laterally for over 2 km. The pyroxene-rich layers have coarser grain sizes, contain higher excluded trace element concentrations, and more Ti-rich opaques than do the plagioclase-rich layers but the compositions of the major silicate minerals are similar in the two layer types. The pyroxene-rich layers may represent periods of increased convection in the magma chamber, while the plagioclase-rich layers represent periods of magma stagnation. Modally-graded layers have sharp lower contacts, gradational upper contacts, and are graded from an opaque oxide-rich base to a more plagioclase-rich top. They range in thickness from 1 to 10 cm and can not be traced laterally for more than 30 min outcrop. The modally-graded layers are parallel to the macro-rhythmic layer boundaries and occur in both plagioclase-rich and pyroxene-rich macro-rhythmic layers. The modally-graded layers may be related to intermittent density currents slumping off the walls of the magma chamber.
Multiple syenite intrusions at Kærven, Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland: Evidence from the 1986 field work.
Authors: Holm Paul Martin , Egeberg Eva Degn , Prægel Niels-Ole
Published: August 2021

Tue Kærven Syenite Complex is recognized as the earliest intrusive body in the Kangerdlugssuaq region associated with the opening of the proto-Atlantic Ocean in the Lower Tertiary.
Earlier investigations of the geology of the Kærven Syenite Complex have interpreted the intrusion as a single igneous body, emplaced subsequent to the Kærven Gabbro and in turn cut by the Kangerdlugssuaq intrusion. Preliminary sampling on Kærven in 1977 revealed a relatively large range of rock types in the complex (syenite - alkali feldspar syenite - alkali feldspar granite). Tue field work conducted in 1986 has verified these findings and enabled the distinction of 8 intrusive events within the complex. Further, a preliminary geological map has been produced.
An igneous breccia separates the complex from the earlier Kærven Gabbro along parts of the eastern and southern margins. The central part of the Kærven Syenite Complex include an hitherto unrecognized slice of Precambrian basement gneisses with numerous approximately N-S trending basaltic dykes. This is multiply intruded by syenite. Most notably in the eastern part of the complex, intimate associations of brecciated and remobilized basement gneiss and melts of syenitic through monzonitic to tonalitic composi­tions are found. The form of the intrusive bodies are more or less dyke-shaped and N-S trending. Toere is a general stratigraphic younging to the SW, which is matched by the tater adjacent Kangerdlugssuaq intrusion.
Tue intrusive sequence and trend of the intrusions are thought to be closely related to an extentional tectonic regime present in this part of the fjord for a considerable period onwards from the earliest Tertiary magmatic activity in the area.
Centrichnus, new ichnogenus for centrically pattemed attachment scars on skeletal substrates
Authors: Bromley R. G. , Martinell J.
Published: August 2021

Two characteristic and common trace fossils, lightly etched into the surfaces of skeletal substrates in marine environments, are named Centrichnus eccentricus igen. et isp. nov., and C. concentricus isp. nov. respectively. Tue first is new, not having been described in recent or fossil material before. It corresponds to the attachment scars produced by anomiid bivalves where they anchor their unique calcified byssus to the substrate. C. concentricus, on the other hand, is well known but hitherto has not been named. It corresponds to the etching scars produced beneath verrucid cirripedes on calcareous substrates.
Bimanual thumb-index finger indications of noncorresponding extents
Authors: Landwehr Klaus
Published: August 2021

Two experiments tested a prediction derived from the recent finding that the Oppel-Kundt illusion – the overestimation of a filled extent relative to an empty one – was much attenuated when the empty part of a bipartite row of dots was vertical and the filled part horizontal, suggesting that the Horizontal-vertical illusion – the overestimation of vertical extents relative to horizontal ones – only acted on the empty part of an Oppel-Kundt figure. Observers had to bimanually indicate the sizes of the two parts of an Oppel-Kundt figure, which were arranged one above the other with one part vertical and the other part tilted -45°, 0°, or 45°. Results conformed to the prediction but response bias was greater when observers had been instructed to point to the extents’ endpoints than when instructed to estimate the extents’ lengths, suggesting that different concepts and motor programs had been activated.
Vaccination of the older adults against the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Position of the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2021

Пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста относятся к группе наиболее высокого риска тяжелого течения и неблагоприятного исхода COVID-19.  COVID-19 диспропорционально опасен для лиц пожилого и старческого возраста: на долю пациентов 65 лет и старше в мире приходится 90% всех смертей от COVID-19.  Нередко COVID-19 имеет бессимптомное течение, ввиду чего более молодые люди могут заразить наиболее уязвимых пожилых людей.
First results of the register of patients with osteoporosis included in the secondary fracture prevention services
Authors: Belova K. Yu. , Bublik E. V. , Gladkova E. N. , Gordjeladze H. G. , Dudinskaya E. N. , Ladygina D. O. , Morozova M. S. , Polyakova Yu. V. , Sivordova L. E. , Tanaev V. G. , Lesnyak O. M.
Published: August 2021

Background. To reduce the number of osteoporotic fractures in the world in recent years, — Fracture Liaison Service has been created. Since 2019, the development of a register of patients included in the Secondary Fracture Prevention named «Prometheus» has begun in Russia.

Materials and methods. An information system for storing, searching and processing information has been created, and a registration card has been developed. Six FLS participate in the register management. As of 10.03.2021, data on 387 patients were introduced in the register.

Results. Among the included patients, 46.25% received a fracture of the proximal femur, 20.41% — of the vertebral bodies and 16.80% of the proximal humerus, the rest had fractures of other localizations. The risk of fractures was assessed in all patients. A high risk of major osteoporotic fractures according to FRAX was determined in 160 (43.24%) people. Two-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed in 152 (39.28%) patients, and osteoporosis was detected in 103 (67.76%), osteopenia — in 42 (27.63%) patients. The risk of falls was assessed in 100% of the included patients, and the risk of falls was determined to be high in 343 (88.63%) patients. Evaluation of various laboratory parameters to find the causes of secondary osteoporosis was performed in most patients. After consultation with the FLS doctor, anti-osteoporotic drugs were prescribed to 241 (64.27%) people. Among the rest, 70 (52.24%) patients had contra-indications and 31 (23.13%) people needed further examination.

Conclusions. Thus, the use of the register allows you to evaluate all the main sections of the organization of assistance within the FLS and compare them with international standards to identify «gaps» and improve the work of the service.
Severe osteoporosis treatment: anabolic therapy options
Authors: Matchekhina L. V. , Dudinskaya E. N. , Tkacheva O. N. , Khovasova N. O.
Published: August 2021

The world's population is aging rapidly, with increasing prevalence of many chronic diseases that are more common in older people. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are two chronic conditions often diagnosed in frail older patients, and both seem to be a significant public health burden. In Russia, osteoporosis (in accordance with the criteria of the World Health Organization) was detected in 33.8% of women and 26.9% of men aged 50 and over. Every minute in the country, 7 vertebral fractures happen, and every 5 minutes — a fracture of the proximal femur occurs. According to the latest data, about 34 million people in Russia are at high risk of developing low-energy fractures. The use of anabolic therapy in older patients with severe osteoporosis can achieve optimal results in the accumulation of bone mineral density and significantly reduce the risk of repeated low-energy fractures.
The Epidemiology of Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and related clinical factors
Authors: Balashova A. V. , Glinkina I. V. , Fadeev V. V.
Published: August 2021

Цель: оценить распространенность когнитивных нарушений (КН) у пожилых пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа.
Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension
Authors: Adibkia Khosro , Ehsani Ali , Jodaei Asma , Fathi Ezzatollah , Farahzadi Raheleh , Barzegar-Jalali Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Finding new strategies for the treatment of heart failures using stem cells has attracted a lot of attention. Meanwhile, nanotechnology-based approaches to regenerative medicine hypothesize a possible combination of stem cells and nanotechnology in the treatment of diseases. This study aims to investigate the in vitro effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) through detection of cardiac markers. For this purpose, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow resident and differentiated to the cardiac cells using a dedicated medium with Ag-NPs. Also, the cardiomyogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs was confirmed using immunocytochemistry. Then, real-time PCR and western blotting assay were used for measuring absolute telomere length (TL) measurement, and gene and protein assessment of the cells, respectively. It was found that 2.5 µg/mL Ag-NPs caused elongation of the telomeres and altered VEGF, C-TnI, VWF, SMA, GATA-4, TERT, and cyclin D protein and gene expression in the cardiomyogenically differentiated BM-MSCs. Also, there was a significant increase in the protein and gene expression of Wnt3 and β-catenin as main components of pathways. We concluded that Ag-NPs could change the in vitro expression of cardiac markers of BM-MSCs via the Wnt3/β-catenin signaling pathway.
LIFE AND DEATH. EUTANASIA
Authors: Polishchuk Mykola
Published: August 2021

Euthanasia is a good death in Greek. According to Wikipedia, «euthanasia» is the termination of a person's life in a quick, painless way. Euthanasia is used in people who have incurable diseases and no longer want to suffer from pain, their condition. The term «euthanasia» was first used by F. Bacon to denote easy death in the 17th century.
Since 2020, certain types of euthanasia are legally allowed in Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, parts of Australia, and in some of the sUS states. Palliative and hospice care is sometimes seen as a relative alternative to euthanasia.
There are two types of euthanasia – active, which involves the administration of a dying person, drugs that cause rapid death, and passive – intentional cessation of maintenance therapy to the patient. Active euthanasia is often considered suicide with medical help, if the doctor gives the patient a drugs that will shorten his life at the request of the patient.. In Ukraine, the actions of a doctor for euthanasia are considered premeditated murder.
The coronavirus pandemic has shown that many countries of the world are ready to introduce passive euthanasia, that is, in the event of mass morbidity, not only ideas are spread, but also projects about the inaccessibility of medical care for the elderly in order to save young people, about limiting the hospitalizations of elderly people with a serious illness, which requires mechanical ventilation with a shortage of ventilators and hospitals that can provide oxygenation.
The debate over euthanasia revolves around the following issues: people have the right to self-determination and independent choice of destiny; helping the sick people to die may be a better choice than suffering; the difference between active and passive euthanasia is insignificant; permission for euthanasia does not necessarily lead to adverse consequences. Disputes often take place at the ethical or religious level. Opponents of euthanasia defend the right for life under any circumstances, and the adoption of the law expands the cohort of patients with euthanasia and hope for life.
Keywords: euthanasia, death, life, consciousness, stroke.
INFLUENCE OF ATP-LONG AND MOLSIDOMINE COMBINATION ON THE BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE MYOCARDIAL OF YOUNG AND OLD RATS IN CHRONIC SOFT STRESS
Authors: Kuprash Liana , Sharabura Ludmila , Panteleymonova Tetyana , Hudarenko Svitlana , Sykalo Nina , Bezrukov Vladislav
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system
lead to a decrease in its reserve adaptive capabilities and an
increase in the likelihood of developing diseases under stress and
overstrain. A number of experiments have proven the significant
role of emotional overstrain and stress in the development of
cardiovascular diseases. The high incidence of the circulatory
system, the long course and severity of diseases in elderly and old
people determine the relevance of the search for treatment using
effective and safe drugs.
Aim: iinvestigate the effect of a combination of ATP-LONG and
molsidomine on the functional state of the myocardium of young
and old rats under chronic soft stress.
Materials and methods. In experiments on young (10 months)
and old (24 months) male Wistar rats, the cardiotropic and cardioprotective activity of the combination of the metabolic cardioprotector ATP-LONG and the vasodilator molsidomine was
studied under conditions of chronic soft stress. Results. The negative impact of chronic soft stress on the
bioelectrical activity of the myocardium – a violation of the
processes of repolarization, conduction and contractility of the
heart was found in young rats. The combination of ATP-LONG
and molsidomine normalized the bioelectrical activity of the
myocardium and increased its resistance to stress factors. In old
rats under the influence of chronic stress, signs of impaired
repolarization and electrical instability of the heart were more
significant than in young animals. The combination ATP-LONG
and molsidomine prevented the damaging effect of chronic stress
and contributed to the normalization of the electrophysiological
parameters of the myocardium of old rats.
Conclusions. The results of experiments indicate the pharmacological cardiotropic activity of the combination of ATPLONG and molsidomine in young and old rats with chronic soft
stress.
Keywords: young rats, old rats, chronic soft stress, myocardium,
electrocardiogram, bioelectrical activity of the heart, ATP-LONG,
molsidomine, cardioprotective effect.
Extragenital endometriosis as a cause of catamenial pneumothorax in women: own experience
Authors: Boyko Valery , Krasnoyaruzhsky Andriy , Sochnieva Anastasiia , Kritsak Vasyl
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Catamenial pneumothorax is one of the most difficult to diagnose types of spontaneous pneumothorax in women. The cause of the latter is ectragenital localization of endometriosis. To date, there is no clear pathogenetically determined treatment and treatment algorithm for the management of this category of patients.
Objective: to analyze and structure our own experience in the treatment of catamenial pneumothorax.
Materials and methods. For the period 2011–2020 in the Thoracoabdominal Department of the SI "Zaytcev Institute of General and Emergency Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" 7 women with catamenial pneumothorax were on inpatient treatment.
Results. After additional examination, all patients underwent draining of the pleural cavity with Bulau as the first stage after the diagnosis was established. At the second stage, all patients underwent minimally invasive surgical interventions – videothoracoscopic resection of the endometriosis-affected areas of the costal parietal pleura and diaphragm, mechanical pleurarasion and pleurodesis, using fibrin-collagen plates in the areas of diaphragm defects. There were no postoperative complications or deaths.
Conclusion. In the treatment of extragenital endometriosis complicated by catamenial pneumothorax, not only thoracic surgeons, but also obstetrician-gynecologists should take part in order to create multidisciplinary commissions aimed primarily at determining the pathogenetically determined treatment tactics.
Key words: extragenital endometriosis, catamenial pneumothorax, videothoracoscopy, surgical treatment.
Rund um die von Aristoteles übermittelte Idee eines synthetisch-geometrischen Begriffs der Streckenverhältnisgleichheit
Authors: Déak Ervin
Published: August 2021

Der geschichtliche und gedankliche Ausgangspunkt unserer Überlegungen ist die erschütternde Erkenntnis der griechischen Mathematik (im 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr., im Kreis der Pythagoräer), dass es inkommensurable Streckenpaare gibt. Es musste schockierend wirken, dass dadurch eine hochwichtige, vermeintlich allgemein gültige Grundlage der Mathematik in Frage gestellt wurde, nämlich der „einfache“ Streckenverhältnisgleich¬heits-Begriff und die darauf fußende Proportionenlehre. Wir untersuchen in diesem Kontext eine von Aristoteles übermittelte Alternative zum Grundbegriff und die damit verbundenen wichtigen Algorithmen und Strukturen. Dieser Beitrag soll zur Erweiterung des mathematischen Hintergrundwissens von Mathematiklehrkräften dienen.
Die uvw-Sprache in der Analytischen Geometrie
Authors: Götz Stefan
Published: August 2021

Beim Kapitel „Analytische Geometrie“ in der Sekundarstufe II werden oft abstrakte Problemstellungen ohne weiterführenden Kontext in den Blick genommen. Auf diese Weise kann die eigentliche Kraft der algebraischen Beschreibung von geometrischen Situationen den Schülerinnen und Schülern kaum vermittelt werden. Im Beitrag werden (zum Teil wohlbekannte) Fragestellungen aus der ebenen Dreiecksgeometrie präsentiert, die die Schülerinnen und Schüler zum (auch eigenständigen) Begründen mit Mitteln der Analytischen Geometrie anregen sollen. Eine standardisierte Lage eines allgemeinen Dreiecks im Koordinatensystem erweist sich dabei als fruchtbarer Ausgangspunkt für den Einsatz von Standardmethoden (!) der Analytischen Geometrie im Mathematikunterricht.
First records of Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze, 1903 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia, Russia) and Eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Legalov Andrei A. , Reshetnikov Sergei V.
Published: August 2021

The first records of Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze, 1903 (Curculionidae, Conoderinae, Ceutorhynchitae, Ceutorhynchini) from Western Siberia (Novosibirsk Oblast) and Eastern Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region) are given. They are the most north-eastern and south-eastern finds of this species. A key for identifying species from Ceutorhynchus parvulus-group is presented.
Assistência técnica e extensão rural no Brasil : uma análise do censo agropecuáro de 2017
Authors: Pereira Caroline Nascimento , Castro César Nunes de
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se os produtores agrícolas brasileiros buscam orientação técnica, e quando o fazem, qual a fonte escolhida.
A Comunicação corporativa e as políticas de combate às mudanças climáticas: teorias, perspectivas e uma avaliação do uso das redes sociais no caso do Brasil
Authors: Sarmiento Gutierrez Maria Bernadete Gomes Pereira
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar como as empresas têm utilizado formas diferentes de comunicação para disseminar informações sobre as ações no combate ao aquecimento global no Brasil.
Aproveitamento energético de resíduos: um mercado que não se pode descartar
Authors: Pereira Junior Amaro Olímpio
Published: August 2021

Este artigo trata, entre outras coisas, do descarte de resíduos e tece comentários sobre esse promissor mercado para o Brasil com potencial de ganhos com o comércio internacional.
Condicionantes da exportação brasileira da pecuária de leite
Authors: Silva Felipe Pinto da , Vieira Filho José Eustáquio Ribeiro
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a pesquisa no âmbito do termo de referência de concessão de bolsa referente ao projeto Rede de Pesquisa Integrada Ipea-Mapa, que criou o NE2AGRO Ipea-Mapa
Indicador regional: Evolução dos financiamentos concedidos pelo PRONAF nas regiões brasileiras no período 2000-2020
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo são apresentados os indicadores regionais e a Evolução dos financiamentos concedidos pelo PRONAF nas regiões brasileiras no período 2000-2020.
Indicadores ambientais: densidade de focos de calor por município (número/hectare)
Authors:   Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta os indicadores ambientais, destacando a densidade de focos de calor por município (número/hectare).
Near-Sun Switchback Boundaries: Dissipation with Solar Distance
Authors: Rasca Anthony P. , Farrell William M. , MacDowall Robert J. , Bale Stuart D. , Kasper Justin C.
Published: August 2021

The most surprising result from the first solar encounters by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) is the large amount of brief magnetic field reversals often referred to as switchbacks. Switchbacks have previously been observed further downstream in the solar wind by spacecraft such as Helios 2 at 62 R

s
from the Sun. However, these observations lack a distinct proton temperature increase detected inside switchbacks by PSP, implying that they are evolving over time to eventually reach a pressure balance at the switchback boundaries. We look at the evolution of switchback boundaries as a function of radial distance from the Sun, from closest approach at 35.7 R

s
during PSP’s first two encounters to beyond 80 R

s
. Using magnetic field and proton data from PSP’s FIELDS and SWEAP instruments, we perform a day-by-day superposed epoch analysis of the 25 switchbacks with the sharpest step-like boundaries. During both encounters we found the proton temperature spikes to gradually decline before vanishing completely around 55 R

s
. Magnetic reversals and velocity spikes also steadily drop in magnitude, but eventually flatten out instead of disappearing. Most interestingly, proton temperature change ΔT

p
across switchback boundaries is found to reach 2 × 105 in magnitude below 40 R

s
during PSP’s outbound trajectory, but is an order of magnitude less on the inbound trajectory, suggesting a possible common change in switchback characteristics near closest approach during both encounters.
Against 'progress'
Authors: Povey Hilary , Angier Corinne
Published: August 2021

In England we are currently in the grip of a damaging hegemonic discourse in the field of education. Unquestionable goods include standards, aspiration, effectiveness, measurable performance and – the subject of this contribution- progress. We
discuss how progress is currently understood and deployed within the educational landscape in England and draw connections between this and the framing of 'catch-up', of 'being left behind' and of 'lost learning' in the government's response to education and the pandemic. We then argue
for other ways of understanding education and suggest that two key aspects of understanding education as non-linear and non-teleological are love for the world and hope-in-the-present.
Does teaching racial justice and equity have a place in our schools?
Authors: Rabiger Penny
Published: August 2021

Schools are a microcosm of society and often tasked with fixing society's ills. We need to explore the purpose of education and the place of educators not only to prepare young people to gain the best qualifications they can but also to challenge ourselves as educators and our young
charges to be active citizens with enough knowledge about society and citizenship to shape tomorrow's world. Recent world events have given educators a push towards addressing issues around racial justice and equity. Although this shift is rife with complexity, some schools and groups are
actively addressing the issues with students in practical and powerful ways.
London Recruits: How a story of anti-apartheid activism can serve teachers today
Authors: Marsling Steve , Smith Chris
Published: August 2021

This year sees the release of London Recruits, a film chronicling the anti-apartheid activism of young men and women volunteers who, from 1967, travelled from the UK to South Africa. The recruits were invaluable to the campaigning work of the African National Congress and the
wider international anti-apartheid movement because as white tourists, which is all the South African authorities saw them as, they were free to travel unmonitored in ways impossible for black citizens. To coincide with the release of the film, an education pack, comprising the testimonies
of the recruits as well as other source material, has been compiled for use in schools. The pack was funded by the National Education Union and coordinated by Steve Marsling, a former recruit, who writes the opening section of this article. Chris Smith, who writes the rest of the article,
was a serving history and politics teacher at the time of writing this article. He helped provide learning activities and exemplar lesson plans so teachers can straightforwardly make use of the pack in their classrooms. Work to create these educational resources started just before the upsurge
of Black Lives Matter campaigning in the UK sparked calls for 'decolonising the curriculum'. It is hoped this pack shares and complements that goal. As the story of the recruits makes clear, there have always been those who have needed to resort to direct action to have their voices fairly
heard. Institutional racism is an undeniable feature of life in all nations whose pasts are closely entwined with imperialism. It is hoped this pack will form part of the continuing work in our schools to teach a more diverse curriculum, not only in subjects such as history, but also in citizenship,
creative arts and even during pastoral time. Teachers are struggling with unprecedented and seemingly endless demands: may this pack help them tell a story that until now had been largely untold.
The impact of research evidence on education policy: How Members of Parliament respond to evidence in relation to secondary selective education
Authors: Bainbridge Alan , Bartley Joanne , Troppe Tom
Published: August 2021

A detailed analysis of Hansard transcripts was undertaken to explore the dialogue used in parliamentary debates and committee meetings where reference was made to grammar schools between October 2015 to March 2019. During this period, the first new grammar school for fifty years
had been approved, along with the establishment of the £50 million selective school expansion fund. Detailed qualitative analysis highlighted the widely disproportionate use of the term 'good' in relation to grammar schools. It is argued that 'good' instead of 'outstanding' or 'excellent'
is chosen in relation to grammar schools as 'good' has moral overtones that go beyond reported educational standards. Proportionately, the number of comprehensive schools rated good or outstanding would need to be referred to in conjunction with 'good' 6698 times, not the forty-nine times
this actually happened. Campaigners for comprehensive education need to reclaim the discourse of 'goodness' for all schools.
Learning lost and found
Authors: Yarker Patrick
Published: August 2021

The government's policy of helping pupils and students 'catch up' with 'lost learning' misconceives learning, and endorses pedagogical approaches based on this misconception. Whether or not to learn lies with the learner, so teaching is more properly understood as an act of faith in
people rather than of delivery to them. Such a view has implications for the restoration of formal education after the pandemic.
Consumerism and the flourishing life in a climate emergency: Some implications for schools
Authors: Quicke John
Published: August 2021

The contribution of 'consumerism' to environmental degradation has been widely acknowledged. An anti-consumerist perspective appeals because it draws attention to the ideological underpinnings of people's attitudes and day-to-day behaviour, but the tone of the debate often leads to
polarisation rather than a productive engagement in dialogue. To persuade people to re-examine their values and beliefs requires a more nuanced approach, where the various bêtes noires identified by anti-consumerist rhetoric are subject to greater scrutiny. In this article I critically
examine some of the key concepts of the anti-consumerist position and suggest a better starting point for discussion in a school context would be one which emphasised the significance of pleasure-seeking in the social life of students, and the part played in this by 'consumption'. Some implications
for schools are discussed, in particular the space allowed for 'free' association of students as an important aspect of the flourishing life in school in the here and now. I note the dangers of adopting a disapproving approach to informal and popular culture, and the possible link between
this and resistance to the environmental message by disadvantaged groups.
Diagnosis and Management of Iatrogenic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Perforations Based on the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Position Statement
Authors: Kim Young Jung , Park Chang Hwan
Published: August 2021

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related iatrogenic perforations are identified when gas or luminal contents exit the gastrointestinal tract during ERCP. Although perforations are rare, mortality is high; prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential. A multidisciplinary approach is required. The vast majority of such patients can be safely managed medically and endoscopically but must be carefully selected. Endoscopic closure can be considered, depending on the type of perforation. In patients who are deteriorating or whose iatrogenic perforations are not securely closed endoscopically, surgery is mandatory.
Interpretation of Anti-Nuclear Antibody Tests
Authors: Son Chang-Nam , Kim Sang-Hyon
Published: August 2021

Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) are autoantibodies against nuclear substances or other cellular components. ANA tests are used in the diagnostic process to screen patients with suspected rheumatic or autoimmune diseases. ANA-associated diseases are characterized by a high titer of antinuclear antibodies and include systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and mixed connective tissue diseases. ANA test results must be cautiously interpreted as they can be positive not only in infections and oncological diseases but also for the healthy general population. The ANA test mainly uses the indirect immunofluorescence test, and the results are expressed in terms of the final titer and pattern. The ANA test can increase diagnostic value when used in conjunction with the evaluation of disease-related clinical symptoms.
Participation des usagers et développement du pouvoir d’agir. Quelles pratiques en pensions de famille ?
Authors: Testor Guillaume , Rioux Yan
Published: August 2021

En partant d’une expérience réussie au sein d’une pension de famille qui s’est appuyée sur une forme d’organisation tirée d’expériences participatives passées, notre recherche s’est penchée sur ces lieux de vie afin de savoir si le Développement du Pouvoir d’Agir des personnes était réellement au cœur des différents projets de pensions de famille parisiennes et si ce n’était pas la structure idéale pour la mise en œuvre de cette notion.
The relationship between asset and capital structure: a compositional approach with panel vector autoregressive models
Authors: Carreras-Simó Miquel ,   Department of Business, University of Girona, Carrer Universitat de Girona 10, Girona, 17003, Spain, Coenders Germà ,   Department of Economics, University of Girona, Carrer Universitat de Girona 10, Girona, 17003, Spain
Published: August 2021

The companies' investment and financing policies are dynamically interrelated and there is no general consensus about the direction of this relationship. There are theoretical arguments and empirical evidence supporting both possible directions, which makes panel vector autoregressive models an appropriate tool. However, the financial ratios normally used to assess this relationship empirically tend to be asymmetric, and to have extreme outliers and non-linear relationships. The aim of this article is to propose a methodological approach to address these issues by complementing panel vector autoregressive models with compositional data analysis. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is illustrated with real data of Spanish retail companies, while a reanalysis with standard financial ratios is inconclusive.
Fall Risk and the Use of Exercise as a Fall Prevention Strategy
Authors: Nogueira Rodrigues Rafael , Carballeira Eduardo , Silva Fernanda M. , Caldo Adriana , Ceschini Fabio , Giráldez-García Manuel A. , Abreu Cidalina da Conceição Ferreira de , Furtado Guilherme Eustaquio , Teixeira Ana Maria
Published: August 2021

Increasing life expectancy and the growing number of elderly people have also increased the number of comorbidities common in this population in the same proportion, where the risk of falling is highlighted and has been increasing in a worrying and negative way. However, the practice of physical exercise can improve the prevention and reduction of falls. In this context, this chapter addresses the theme with the objective of identifying how, which, and when physical exercise can contribute in relation to the risk of falling in the elderly. Through analysis of articles and recent reviews, the chapter addresses the influence of strength, power, aerobic, and multicomponent exercises in their various components and possible influences on the risk of falling. There is also a proposal for a specific program for the risk of falling in the elderly, with adjustments in volume and intensity according to the needs of the target audience, based and improved by worldwide guidelines.
Falls and Fall Injuries as Societal Challenges in Namibia
Authors: Tomas Nestor , Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale , Tomas Theolinda Nuugwanga
Published: August 2021

Falls remain the leading cause of intentional and unintentional injuries worldwide. On average, 80% of the cases are said to originate from low and middle developing countries. The raising concerns are that a great number of children and elderlies above the age of 65 are the most affected. Falls are one of the most serious health risks especially for older adults and children in Namibia. The implications of falls on public health practice are that approximately half of older adults do not discuss their fall incidents with healthcare providers. The aim of this chapter is, therefore, to define the concept falls focusing in the Namibian context and outlining the causes, highlighting the most vulnerable groups, and identifying the preventive measures.
Fine Tuning Smart Manufacturing Enterprise Systems
Authors: Nagarajan Senthil Murugan , V. Muthukumaran , V. Vinoth Kumar , I. S. Beschi , Magesh S.
Published: August 2021

The workflow between business and manufacturing system level is changing leading to delay in exploring the context of innovative ideas and solutions. Smart manufacturing systems progress rapid growth in integrating the operational capabilities of networking functionality and communication services with cloud-based enterprise architectures through runtime environment. Fine tuning aims to process intelligent management, flexible monitoring, dynamic network services using internet of things (IoT)-based service oriented architecture (SOA) solutions in numerous enterprise systems. SOA is an architectural pattern for building software business systems based on loosely coupled enterprise infrastructure services and components. The IoT-based SOA enterprise systems incorporate data elicitation, integrating agile methodologies, orchestrate underlying black-box services by promoting growth in manufacturer enterprises workflow. This chapter proposes the integration of standard workflow model between business system level and manufacturing production level with an IoT-enabled SOA framework.
A Sequential Data Mining Technique for Identification of Fault Zone Using FACTS-Based Transmission
Authors: Rao Koppula Srinivas , Reddy B. Veerasekhar , K. Sarada , K. Saikumar
Published: August 2021

In this survey, the issue of flaw zone identification of separation transferring in “FACTS-based transmission lines” is investigated. Presence of FACTS gadgets on transmission line (TL), while they have been remembered for issue zone, from separation transfer perspective, causes various issues in deciding the specific area of the flaw by varying impedance perceived by hand-off. The degree of these progressions relies upon boundaries that are set in FACTS gadgets. To tackle issues related with these, two instruments for partition and examination of three-line flows, from the hand-off perspective to blame occasion, have been used. In addition, to examine the impacts of TCSC area on deficiency zone recognition of separation hand-off, two spots, one of every 50% of line length and the other in 75% of line length, are deliberated as two situations for affirmation of suggested strategy. Reproductions show that this strategy is powerful in security of FACTS-based TLs.
Soil Nutrients and pH Level Testing Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques for Crop Selection
Authors: B. Swapna , Manivannan S. , Kamalahasan M.
Published: August 2021

The multivariate data analysis technique is used to determine the highly impacted data in soil and crop growth. The importance and relationship between soil variables were factored by using the regression analysis technique. The correlation matrix technique was used for comparing several variables to correlate positive and negative signs. From the soil testing procedure and understanding of results, it shows that soil nutrients and pH level have a powerful effect on variation in the usage of fertilizers, crop selection, and high crop yield. pH determination can be used to indicate whether the soil is suitable for the plant's growth or in need of adjustment to produce optimum plant growth. Based upon the predictive analysis results, nitrogen and potassium content are naturally high compared to other soil nutrients of this region and suggested fertilizers required for crop growth. To produce healthy crop yield, farmers should select the crops as per soil types, nutrients level, and pH level.
School-to-Prison Pipeline
Authors: Keenan Sheri Jenkins , Rush Jeffrey P.
Published: August 2021

Juvenile crime rates have declined steadily since 1994 (Nelson & Lind, 2015) and the number of youths in juvenile detention centers has dropped (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2011; Hockenberry, 2014; Nelson & Lind, 2015; Smith, 1998); however, school discipline polices are moving in the other direction (Nelson & Lind, 2015). In recent years, the lines between the public school system and the juvenile justice system have become indistinct. There are several trends in K-12 education contributing to the school-to-prison pipeline such as declining school funding, resegregation of schools by race and class, under-representation of students of color in advanced placement, over-representation of student of color in special education, the creation and expansion of “zero-tolerance” policies, tracking, increased presence of SROs, No Child Left Behind (NCLB), standardized testing, and rising drop-out rates (Heitzeg et al., 2009). However, the focus here is the expansion and increased reliance on “zero-tolerance” policies and the use of the SRO to enforce those policies which play an immediate and integral role in feeding the school-to-prison pipeline.
An Assessment of Unethical Work Behavior Among Police Personnel in Nigeria
Authors: AFOLABI Olugbemiga Samuel , Adebowale Adeyeye , Omodunbi Olumide
Published: August 2021

The Nigerian police force is an institution established to protect the lives and properties of residents. Some of her duties include tackling armed robbery, banditry, recovery of stolen assets, investigation of cases, and settling violence-related issues among persons. Just like every other institution, her operations are premised on certain ethical codes and conduct which guarantees checks and balances in her relationship with ordinary citizens. Maximum productivity can be achieved by the Nigerian police if only they display ethical behaviour in the discharge of their lawful duties to the public. Growing unethical work behaviour among Nigerian police officers has drawn attention to the various despicable and condemnable acts perpetrated by some personnel. This study makes a scholarly attempt to investigate the trend of the unethical work behaviour in the Nigerian police force. Using content analysis, the findings suggest that only a handful of Nigerian police officers display professionalism and ethical behaviour in the discharge of their duties.
Overview of Correctional Reform in India
Authors: Dubey Divya , Agarwal Vedika
Published: August 2021

Today, every prison around the world requires a correctional programme so that rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders can be done successfully. Correctional reforms is a serious issue and has been taken seriously even internationally. In India, many attempts have been made to improve the condition of prisons and prisoners, but little changes have been seen at the root-level. There is a scope of modifications in the correctional reforms to meet the present-day needs of the criminal justice system. The chapter will give an overview of the correctional reforms in Indian prisons and after reviewing the existing literature will attempt to identify the limitations of the correctional programs which need to be addressed for effective rehabilitation and reformation of prisoners. Lastly, the chapter will conclude with a number of suggestions and with a comprehensive model for rehabilitation.