bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Remains Identification, Grief, and Posttraumatic Stress in Bereaved Family Members 14 Years After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Cozza Stephen J. , Fisher Joscelyn E. , Hefner Kathryn R. , Fetchet Mary A. , Chen Shenglin , Zuleta Rafael F. , Fullerton Carol S. , Ursano Robert J.
Published: August 2020

Returning human remains to family members after a loved one's death is thought to support grief adaptation. However, no known research has examined the effects that notifications of fragmented remains have on bereaved family members. We examined the number of notifications received, continuing questions about the death, grief severity, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) in family members bereaved by the September 11, 2001 attacks (N = 454). One notification was associated with fewer continuing questions compared to zero notifications, p = .037, or two or more notifications, p = .009. A model using notifications and continuing questions to predict grief severity showed there was no difference between receiving one and zero notifications, p = .244; however, receipt of two or more notifications was associated with higher grief severity compared to zero notifications, p = .032. A similar model demonstrated that receipt of any notifications was associated with PTS, ɳp2 = .026, p = .006. Having continuing questions was associated with grief severity, ɳp2 = .170, p < .001; and PTS, ɳp2 = .086, p < .001. Additionally, participants who received one notification and chose not to receive more had fewer continuing questions compared to all other participants, and participants who received two or more notifications and chose no future notifications had higher PTS levels compared to all other participants. The results indicate that human remains notification is not associated with reduced grief severity but is associated with PTS. These findings should inform notification policy and guide families’ notification choice after traumatic deaths.
Translanguaging as a Culturally Sustaining Pedagogical Approach: Bi/Multilingual Educators’ Perspectives
Authors: Tsokalidou Roula , Skourtou Eleni
Published: August 2020

In this paper we will focus on data from bi/multilingual educators and discuss aspects of translanguaging as a Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy (Paris and Alim, Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies. Teaching and Learning for Justice in a Changing World, Teachers College Press, New York, 2017). The data from the bi/multilingual educators come from a recent qualitative research (Tsokalidou, SiDaYes! Πέρα από τη διγλωσσία προς τη διαγλωσσικότητα/Beyond bilingualism to translanguaging, Gutenberg, Athens, 2017) that aimed to bring forward the issue of translanguaging (TL) in the everyday life of multi/bilinguals. Our findings suggest that TL could function as a means of increasing the confidence and self-esteem of minoritized students, while offering them a feeling of normality and pride for their linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It also becomes clear from our data that going against the grain of monolingualism and mono-culturalism is a great challenge for all.
$$\mathrm {L}^p$$-extrapolation of non-local operators: Maximal regularity of elliptic integrodifferential operators with measurable coefficients
Authors: Tolksdorf Patrick
Published: August 2020

The aim of this article is to deepen the understanding of the derivation of$$\mathrm {L}^p$$Lp-estimates of non-local operators. We review the$$\mathrm {L}^p$$Lp-extrapolation theorem of Shen (2005) which builds on a real variable argument of Caffarelli and Peral (1998) and adapt this theorem to account for non-local weak reverse Hölder estimates. These non-local weak reverse Hölder estimates appear, for example, in the investigation of non-local elliptic integrodifferential operators. This originates from the fact that here only a non-local Caccioppoli inequality is valid, see Kuusi, Mingione, and Sire (2015). As an application, we prove resolvent estimates and maximal regularity properties in$$\mathrm {L}^p$$Lp-spaces of non-local elliptic integrodifferential operators.
Erkenntnisse aus 10 Jahren CIRS‑AINS
Authors: Neuhaus C. , Holzschuh M. , Lichtenstern C. , St.Pierre M.
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund

„Critical-incident-reporting“-Systeme (CIRS) dienen dazu, Organisationen und Individuen für bislang unbekannte und sicherheitsrelevante Ereignisse zu sensibilisieren und dadurch Veränderungen herbeiführen zu können. In den letzten Jahren häufen sich allerdings kritische Stimmen, die Einsatz und Nutzen von CIRS in der Medizin hinterfragen, u. a. aufgrund unklarer bzw. zu allgemeiner inhaltlicher Kriterien für die Aufnahme einer Meldung in ein System. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Auswertung und Analyse aller Fälle aus CIRSmedical Anästhesiologie (CIRS-AINS) als Grundlage weiterer, differenzierter Betrachtungen.

Methode

In einer retrospektiven Datenbankanalyse wurden alle Fälle aus CIRS-AINS (April 2010–Juni 2019) inhaltlich analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Die gemeldeten 6013 Fälle setzen sich aus 3492 „incidents“ (58,1 %), 1734 „near-misses“ (28,8 %) und 787 sonstigen Meldungen (13,1 %) zusammen. Unter Letztere fielen 21 Konfliktmeldungen (0,4 %), 102 Beschwerden (1,7 %), 89 Überlastungsanzeigen (1,5 %) sowie 575 sonstige Meldungen, die keine CIRS-Fälle darstellen (9,6 %). Seit 2015 zeigt sich eine stetige Zunahme der sonstigen Meldungen um das 2,8-Fache von 7,4 % auf 20,8 %. In 20,1 % der Meldungen wurde Technik, in 27,7 % Medizinprodukte erwähnt. Medikamente waren in 10,7 % der Meldungen Gegenstand der Zwischenfälle. Aus dem perioperativen Umfeld wurden 47,8 % der stationären Zwischenfälle berichtet, 24,6 % aus den Bereichen Intensivstation/Aufwachraum. Das CIRS-Team des BDA analysierte und kommentierte 36,1 % der Fälle .

Schlussfolgerung

Die Analyse liefert Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung zukünftiger Melderichtlinien und Anwenderschulungen. Insbesondere der Häufung „sonstiger“ Meldungen, welche nicht den Kriterien einer CIRS-Meldung entsprechen, sollte künftig Rechnung getragen werden.
Intra-hepatic Abscopal Effect Following Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases
Authors: Powerski Maciej , Drewes Ralph , Omari Jazan , Relja Borna , Surov Alexey , Pech Maciej
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To search for abscopal effects (AE) distant to the site of radiation after sequential Yittrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization (RE) of liver malignancies.

Methods and Materials

In this retrospective analysis, all patients treated by RE between 2007 and 2018 (n = 907) were screened for the following setting/conditions: sequential RE of left and right liver lobe in two sessions, liver-specific MRI (MRI1) acquired max. 10 days before or after first RE (RE1), liver-specific MRI (MRI2) acquired with a minimum time interval of 20 days after MRI1, but before second RE (RE2). No systemic tumor therapies between MRI1 and MRI2. No patients with liver cirrhosis. Metastases > 5 mm in untreated liver lobes were compared in MRI1 and MRI2 and rated as follows: same size or larger in MRI2 = no abscopal effect (NAE); > 30% shrinkage without Y-90 contamination in SPECT/CT = abscopal effect (AE).

Results

Ninety six of 907 patients met aforementioned criteria. Median time-frame between RE1 and MRI2 was 34 (20–64) days. These 96 cases had 765 metastases which were evaluable (median 5(1–40) metastases per patient). Four patients could be identified with at least one shrinking metastasis of the untreated site: one patient with breast cancer (3 metastases: 0 NAE; 3 AE), one patient with prostate cancer (6 metastases: 3 NAE; 3 metastases > 30% shrinkage but possible Y-90 contamination) and two patients with shrinkage of one metastasis each but less than 30%.

Conclusion

Our retrospective study documents AE after RE of liver tumors in 1 out of 96 cases, 3 other cases remain unclear.
Robust spotter scheduling in trailer yards
Authors: Tadumadze Giorgi , Boysen Nils , Emde Simon
Published: August 2020

Spotters (also denoted as switchers) are specialized terminal tractors, which are dedicated to the rapid maneuvering of semitrailers between parking lot and dock doors in large trailer yards. This paper is dedicated to spotter scheduling, i.e., the assignment of predefined trailer movements to a given fleet of spotters. The limited number of dock doors for loading and unloading is often the scarce resource during trailer processing, so that idle time of the bottleneck, e.g., caused by unforeseen delay in the yard, is to be avoided. In this setting, we aim to insert time buffers between any pair of subsequent jobs assigned to the same spotter, so that small delays are not propagated and subsequent jobs can still be executed in a timely manner. We formalize two versions of the resulting robust spotter scheduling problem and provide efficient algorithms for finding optimal solutions in polynomial time. Furthermore, we simulate delays during the execution of spotter schedules and show that the right robustness objective can greatly improve yard performance.
Association of De Ritis ratio with oncological outcomes in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
Authors: Laukhtina Ekaterina , Mostafaei Hadi , D’Andrea David , Pradere Benjamin , Quhal Fahad , Mori Keiichiro , Miura Noriyoshi , Schuettfort Victor M. , Sari Motlagh Reza , Aydh Abdulmajeed , Abufaraj Mohammad , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Enikeev Dmitry , Kimura Shoji , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase, DRR) has been linked to oncological outcomes in several cancers. We aimed to assess the association of DRR with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1117 patients diagnosed with NMIBC originating from an established multicenter database. To define the optimal pretreatment DRR cut‐off value, we determined a value of 1.2 as having a maximum Youden index value. The overall population was therefore divided into two De Ritis ratio groups using this cut‐off (lower, < 1.2 vs. higher, ≥ 1.2). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the association of DRR with RFS and PFS. The discrimination of the model was evaluated with the Harrel’s concordance index (C-index).

Results

Overall, 405 (36%) patients had a DRR ≥ 1.2. On univariable Cox regression analysis, DRR was significantly associated with RFS (HR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.47, p = 0.03), but not with PFS (HR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.65–1.44, p = 0.9). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, which adjusted for the effect of established clinicopathologic features, DRR ≥ 1.2 remained significantly associated with worse RFS (HR:1.21, 95% CI 1.00–1.46, p = 0.04). The addition of DRR only minimally improved the discrimination of a base model that included established clinicopathologic features (C-index = 0.683 vs. C-index = 0.681). On DCA the inclusion of DRR did not improve the net-benefit of the prognostic model.

Conclusion

Despite the statistically significant association of the DRR with RFS in patients with NMIBC, it does not seem to add any prognostic or clinical benefit beyond that of currently available clinical factors.
Depression profile in malignancy patients attending otorhinolaryngology clinic
Authors: Khadilkar Meera Niranjan , Pai K. Keshava , Rai Thripthi , Shenoy Vijendra , Dosemane Deviprasad , Kabekkodu Sushmitha
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Patients with malignancy quite often suffer from physical as well as psychological symptoms due to the shattering diagnosis, and prolonged, incapacitating management. The frequency of the depressive disorder in malignancy is around 8–40%. The present study aims at analysing the socio-demographic profile and magnitude of depressive disorders in patients with malignancy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in malignancy patients attending an Ear Nose Throat department using the PHQ-9 questionnaire.

Results

Total PHQ-9 score ranged from 0 to 19; the mean score was 8.46. Major depressive disorder was seen in 4 (8%) cases, while other depressive disorder occurred in 22 (44%) cases. Mild severity of symptoms was noted in 15 (30%) of the patients. High statistical significance was noted between PHQ-9 score for MDD and other depressive disorder (p value < 0.001).

Conclusion

The profile of depressive disorders in malignancy varies; PHQ-9 can be used as a good tool for early detection.
Effect of BDNF Val66Met on hippocampal subfields volumes and compensatory interaction with APOE-ε4 in middle-age cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALFA study
Authors: Vilor-Tejedor Natalia , Operto Grégory , Evans Tavia E. , Falcon Carles , Crous-Bou Marta , Minguillón Carolina , Cacciaglia Raffaele , Milà-Alomà Marta , Grau-Rivera Oriol , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Garrido-Martín Diego , Morán Sebastián , Esteller Manel , Adams Hieab H. , Molinuevo José Luis , Guigó Roderic , Gispert Juan Domingo ,   for the ALFA Study
Published: August 2020

Background

Current evidence supports the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism, and the ε4 allele of APOE gene in hippocampal-dependent functions. Previous studies on the association of Val66Met with whole hippocampal volume included patients of a variety of disorders. However, it remains to be elucidated whether there is an impact of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the volumes of the hippocampal subfield volumes (HSv) in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, and the interactive effect with the APOE-ε4 status.

Methods

BDNF Val66Met and APOE genotypes were determined in a sample of 430 CU late/middle-aged participants from the ALFA study (ALzheimer and FAmilies). Participants underwent a brain 3D-T1-weighted MRI scan, and volumes of the HSv were determined using Freesurfer (v6.0). The effects of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on the HSv were assessed using general linear models corrected by age, gender, education, number of APOE-ε4 alleles and total intracranial volume. We also investigated whether the association between APOE-ε4 allele and HSv were modified by BDNF Val66Met genotypes.

Results

BDNF Val66Met carriers showed larger bilateral volumes of the subiculum subfield. In addition, HSv reductions associated with APOE-ε4 allele were significantly moderated by BDNF Val66Met status. BDNF Met carriers who were also APOE-ε4 homozygous showed patterns of higher HSv than BDNF Val carriers.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that carrying the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms partially compensates the decreased on HSv associated with APOE-ε4 in middle-age cognitively unimpaired individuals.
Bewertung der ambulanten ärztlichen Schmerztherapie in Deutschland
Authors: Kriegisch V. , Kuhn B. , Dierks M.-L. , Achenbach J. , Briest J. , Fink M. , Dusch M. , Amelung V. , Karst M.
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund

Nach den Kriterien der Qualitätssicherungsvereinbarung Schmerztherapie (QSV) nahmen zum Stichtag 31.12.2016 1206 Ärztinnen und Ärzte an der ambulanten Versorgung chronischer Schmerzpatienten teil. Bei in weiten Teilen bestehender Unterversorgung chronischer Schmerzpatienten fehlen Daten zur Einschätzung der ambulanten Schmerztherapie durch die Schmerztherapeuten selbst.

Methoden

In einem Hybrid-Delphi-Verfahren wurde ein Fragebogen zur inhaltlichen, strukturellen und persönlichen Bewertung der ambulanten Schmerztherapie in Deutschland entwickelt.

Mit diesem Instrument wurde eine internetbasierte Querschnittsbefragung von 281 QSV-Schmerzmedizinern aus vier Bundesländern (Berlin, Niedersachsen, Sachsen, Baden-Württemberg) und aller universitären Schmerzambulanzleiter (n = 36) in Deutschland durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Die Befragung erzielte eine bereinigte Rücklaufquote von insgesamt 35,9 %. Bei den Schmerzambulanzleitern antworteten 66,7 %. Bei 91 % der Befragten lag der Anteil an chronisch Schmerzkranken in der Praxis bei über 70 %. 67,3 % geben an, mit ihrer Praxissituation zufrieden zu sein, auf der anderen Seite äußern 63,4 % ihre Unzufriedenheit mit der aktuellen Organisation der Schmerzmedizin in Deutschland insgesamt. Diese Unzufriedenheit zeigt sich vor allem in Bezug auf die Budgetregelungen (69,3 %), die Kooperation mit Psychotherapeuten (69,3 %) und die interdisziplinäre Vernetzung (50,5 %). Als gute Vorbereitung für den späteren Beruf werden die einjährige Weiterbildung bei einem Weiterbildungsbefugten (87,1 %) und die Teilnahme an dem Kurs „Psychosomatische Grundversorgung“ (90,1 %) bewertet. Vielfältige Freitextkommentare weisen darauf hin, dass die Ausbildung zu kurz und nicht ausreichend sei. Die Mehrheit der Befragten hält es sowohl aus Arztsicht (61,4 %) wie auch aus Patientensicht (54,5 %) für sinnvoll, einen Facharzt für Schmerzmedizin als Versorgungsmodell zu etablieren. 70,8 % der Schmerzambulanzleiter sprechen sich für eigenständige Strukturen mit eigenem Budget aus, 75,0 % geben an, dass ihre Ambulanz unter den aktuellen Bedingungen nicht kostendeckend arbeitet. In Bezug auf die aktuelle Ausbildungssituation berichten nur 39,7 % der QSV-Schmerztherapeuten in der Niederlassung, dass sie auch Ärzte ausbilden, 57,6 % von ihnen planen zudem, ihre Tätigkeit innerhalb der nächsten 10 Jahre aufzugeben.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die mangelnde Eigenständigkeit der Schmerzmedizin und die unzureichend ausgebauten ambulanten Versorgungsnetzwerke tragen dazu bei, dass Schmerztherapeuten mit vielen Aspekten ihrer Tätigkeit unzufrieden sind. Die Etablierung eines Facharztes für Schmerztherapie wird als eine gute Lösung für eine bessere schmerzmedizinische Versorgung und für die Nachwuchsproblematik gesehen.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mallucci Giulia , Beneventi Fausta , Bergamaschi Roberto , Bizzotto Cristina , Cavagnoli Chiara , De Maggio Irene , Bellingeri Camilla , Monti Cristina , Viarengo Gianluca , Spinillo Arsenio
Published: August 2020

Background

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to increase during physiological pregnancy and are believed to play a fundamental role in the process of placentation. Reduced levels of EPCs during pregnancy have been associated with preeclampsia and miscarriage. Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not at increased risk of preeclampsia nor of general adverse obstetric outcome, in contrast with some other autoimmune diseases.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating EPCs levels in pregnant patients with MS.

Methods

CD34+ and CD133+ were longitudinally detected by flow cytometry in the maternal plasma of 29 healthy controls and 9 MS patients and in the cord blood of their newborns.

Results

EPCs were affected by pregnancy with the same trend in both groups (CD34+ p = 0.0342; CD133+ p = 0.0347). EPCs during pregnancy were increased in MS (mean ± SD: CD34+ cells 0.038 ± 0.010; CD133+ 0.024 ± 0.009) with respect to healthy controls (mean ± SD: CD34+ cells 0.022 ± 0.006; CD133+ 0.016 ± 0.004), CD34+ p = 0.0004; CD133+ p = 0.0109. EPCs levels of the cord blood of MS patients' newborns mild correlated with maternal EPC levels at delivery (CD34+: spearman’s Rho 0.658, p = 0.054; CD133+: spearman’s Rho 0.758, p = 0.018).

Conclusions

This work identified increased circulating EPC levels during pregnancy, following the same trend both in MS patients and healthy controls. Despite the similar trend, the levels of circulating EPCs were significantly higher in MS patients with respect to the control population. A correlation was also found in MS patients between cord blood EPCs and circulating EPCs at delivery.
Intra- and postoperative adverse events in awake craniotomy for intrinsic supratentorial brain tumors
Authors: Kwinta Borys M. , Myszka Aneta M. , Bigaj Monika M. , Krzyżewski Roger M. , Starowicz-Filip Anna
Published: August 2020

Objective

To determine the frequency and consequences of intra- and postoperative adverse events in awake craniotomy for intrinsic supratentorial brain tumors. Despite the growing prevalence of awake craniotomy intra- and postoperative, adverse events related to this surgery are poorly discussed.

Methods

We studied 25 patients undergoing awake craniotomy with maximum safe resection of intrinsic supratentorial brain tumors in the awake-asleep-awake protocol.

Results

Surgery-related inconveniences occurred in 23 patients (92%), while postoperative adverse events were observed in 17 cases (68%). Seven patients suffered from more than one postoperative complication. The most common surgery-related inconvenience was intraoperative hypertension (8 cases, 32%), followed by discomfort (7 cases, 28%), pain during surgery (5 cases, 20%), and tachycardia (3 cases, 12%). The most common postoperative adverse event was a new language deficit that occurred in 10 cases (40%) and remained permanent in one case (4%). Motor deficits occurred in 36% of cases and were permanent in one case (1%). Seizures were observed in 4 cases (16%) intra- and in 2 cases (8%) postoperatively. Seizures appeared more frequently in patients with multilobar insular-involving gliomas and in patients without prophylactic antiepileptic drug therapy.

Conclusions

Surgery-related inconveniences and postoperative adverse events occur in most awake craniotomies. The most common intraoperative adverse event is hypertension, pain, and tachycardia. The most frequent postoperative adverse events are new language deficits and new motor deficits.
Migration route, stopping sites, and non-breeding destinations of adult Black-tailed Godwits breeding in southwest Fryslân, The Netherlands
Authors: Verhoeven Mo A. , Loonstra A. H. Jelle , McBride Alice D. , Both Christiaan , Senner Nathan R. , Piersma Theunis
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we extend our understanding of the migration of Black-tailed Godwits (Limosa limosa limosa) by describing: (1) the orientation and geographic locations of individual migratory routes and (2) the spatial distribution of godwits across seasons and years. We accomplish this using satellite-tracking data from 36 adult godwits breeding in the 200-ha Haanmeer polder in The Netherlands, from 2015 to 2018. During both southward and northward migration, godwits used a narrow migratory corridor along which most individuals made stops within a network of sites, especially the Bay of Biscay, France and Doñana, Spain. Most sites were used consistently by the same individuals across years. However, sites in Morocco were used during northward migration by 75% of individuals, but not revisited by the same individual across years. After southward migration, a small proportion (15%) of godwits spent the entire non-breeding period north of the Sahara, but most (85%) crossed the Sahara and spent at least part of the non-breeding season among seven coastal sites in West Africa and one site in the Inner Niger Delta. Although site-use patterns varied among individuals, individuals showed high site fidelity and were consistent in the number of sites they used from year to year. The considerable differences in the spatial distribution of individuals that breed within a kilometre of one another raise questions about the causes and consequences of individual migratory differences. We discuss that full annual cycle tracking of juveniles from birth to adulthood is needed to understand the source of these individual differences. Our results on the spatial distribution of godwits throughout their annual cycle lay an important foundation of information that can be used to help conserve this declining species.
Attitudes towards hunting in Polish society and the related impacts of hunting experience, socialisation and social networks
Authors: Krokowska-Paluszak Małgorzata , Łukowski Adrian , Wierzbicka Anna , Gruchała Arkadiusz , Sagan Jacek , Skorupski Maciej
Published: August 2020

In recent years, hunters in Poland have faced a low level of social acceptance. Scientists from the USA and Sweden have demonstrated that contact with hunters and game meat consumption is one of the decisive factors affecting the social acceptance of hunting. The aim of our study was to examine attitudes towards hunting (ATH) held by the non-hunting part of Polish society and to analyse factors influencing these perceptions. We hypothesised that Polish people have a generally negative ATH but that Polish people who have direct contact with hunters and eat game meat have a more positive ATH. During the study, we surveyed a randomly selected representative sample of 486 respondents. Based on nine statements defining non-hunters’ perceptions, we determined ATH and then investigated its association with attitudinal items such as hunting experience, socialisation, social network and socio-demographic information. We found that most respondents (61.7%) possessed an ATH that was at least slightly positive. Experience with hunting and hunters had a significant positive impact on ATH, and respondents who included game meat in their diet on a regular basis had a more positive ATH, as did respondents who participate in hunting. Socialisation and social network (having parents or friends who hunt/having a hunter in the household) were key positive influences on ATH. Conversely, the inability to visit a forest in their neighbourhood due to ongoing hunting had a significant negative impact on ATH. Different socio-demographic variables had a low impact on ATH. The results of this study show measurable steps towards increasing knowledge about social acceptance of hunting and can also be used as a strong argument in the discussion regarding the existence of sustainable hunting in Europe. We recommend several management implications, especially in a Polish context.
Social Media as a Form of Virtual Whistleblowing: Empirical Evidence for Elements of the Diamond Model
Authors: Latan Hengky , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel Jose , Lopes de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz
Published: August 2020

This article originally advances the field of organizational whistleblowing by empirically investigating the suitability of the four elements of the fraud diamond as a means to understand the intention to disclose wrongdoing through virtual channels. This article also makes a contribution on the theme of whistleblowing as it relates to customers, an under-studied, however, relevant stakeholder in this field. The main findings of the article are as follows: (a) the four elements of the fraud diamond as they relate to whistleblowing—a combination of pressure, financial incentive, opportunity and rationalization, and capability—can explain the intentions behind customer reports of wrongdoing; (b) online social media channels are customers’ preferred means of whistleblowing; (c) the elements of opportunity and capability are strongly correlated with the use of social media as a method of disclosing wrongdoing; and (d) virtual channels can be useful for whistleblowers in order to avoid potential retaliation. Unique managerial and academic implications of these research findings are also discussed, extending the layers of knowledge on whistleblowing in organizations.
Practicing Connections: A Framework to Guide Instructional Design for Developing Understanding in Complex Domains
Authors: Fries Laura , Son Ji Y. , Givvin Karen B. , Stigler James W.
Published: August 2020

Research suggests that expert understanding is characterized by coherent mental representations featuring a high level of connectedness. This paper advances the idea that educators can facilitate this level of understanding in students through thepracticing connectionsframework: a practical framework to guide instructional design for developing deep understanding and transferable knowledge in complex academic domains. We start by reviewing what we know from learning sciences about the nature and development of transferable knowledge, arguing thatconnectednessis key to the coherent mental schemas that underlie deep understanding and transferable skills. We then propose features of instruction that might uniquely facilitate deep understanding and suggest that the connections between a domain’score concepts,key representations, andcontexts and practices of the worldmust be made explicit and practiced, over time, in order for students to develop coherent understanding. We illustrate the practicing connections approach to instructional design in the context of a new online interactive introductory statistics textbook developed by the authors.
Sibling Configuration as a Moderator of the Effectiveness of a Theory of Mind Training in Children with Autism: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Veld Danielle M. J. , Scheeren Anke M. , Howlin Patricia , Hoddenbach Elske , Mulder Fleur , Wolf Imke , Begeer Sander
Published: August 2020

This RCT investigated whether participants’ sibling configuration moderated the effect of a Theory of Mind (ToM) intervention for children with autism. Children with autism aged 8–13 years (n = 141) were randomized over a waitlist control or treatment condition. Both having more siblings, as well as having an older sibling were related to better outcomes on measures of ToM-related behavior and social cognition, but not ToM knowledge or autistic features in general. The finding that these associations were limited to practical skills addressed in the intervention, seems to indicate that having more siblings and having an older sibling provides enhanced opportunities for children with autism to practice taught skills in the home environment.
Kinetics of Sn whisker growth from Sn thin-films on Cu substrate
Authors: Illés Balázs , Krammer Olivér , Hurtony Tamás , Dušek Karel , Bušek David , Skwarek Agata
Published: August 2020

The kinetics of Sn whisker growth was investigated on vacuum-evaporated Sn thin-films. Sn film layers were deposited on a Cu substrate with 0.5 and 1 µm thicknesses. The samples were stored in room conditions (22 ± 1 °C/50 ± 5RH%) for 60 days. The Sn whiskers and the Cu–Sn layer structure underneath them were investigated with both scanning electron and ion microscopy. Fast Cu–Sn intermetallic formation resulted in considerable mechanical stress in the Sn layer, which initiated intensive whisker growth right after the layer deposition. The thinner Sn layer produced twice many whiskers compared to the thicker one. The lengths of the filament-type whiskers were similar, but the growth characteristics differed. The thinner Sn layer performed the highest whisker growth rates during the first 7 days, while the thicker Sn layer increased the growth rate only after 7 days. This phenomenon was explained by the cross-correlation of the stress relaxation ability of Sn layers and the amount of Sn atoms for whisker growth. The very high filament whisker growth rates might be caused by the interface flow mechanism, which could be initiated by the intermetallic layer growth itself. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the type of the whiskers and the morphology of the intermetallic layer underneath.
A More Unified Approach to Free Logics
Authors: Pavlović Edi , Gratzl Norbert
Published: August 2020

Free logics is a family of first-order logics which came about as a result of examining the existence assumptions of classical logic. What those assumptions are varies, but the central ones are that (i) the domain of interpretation is not empty, (ii) every name denotes exactly one object in the domain and (iii) the quantifiers have existential import. Free logics usually reject the claim that names need to denote in (ii), and of the systems considered in this paper, the positive free logic concedes that some atomic formulas containing non-denoting names (namely self-identity) are true, while negative free logic rejects even the latter claim. Inclusive logics, which reject (i), are likewise considered. These logics have complex and varied axiomatizations and semantics, and the goal of this paper is to present an orderly examination of the various systems and their mutual relations. This is done by first offering a formalization, using sequent calculi which possess all the desired structural properties of a good proof system, including admissibility of contraction and cut, while streamlining free logics in a way no other approach has. We then present a simple and unified system of abstract semantics, which allows for a straightforward demonstration of the meta-theoretical properties, and offers insights into the relationship between different logics (free and classical). The final part of this paper is dedicated to extending the system with modalities by using a labeled sequent calculus, and here we are again able to map out the different approaches and their mutual relations using the same framework.
Emotional sounds of crowds: spectrogram-based analysis using deep learning
Authors: Franzoni Valentina , Biondi Giulio , Milani Alfredo
Published: August 2020

Crowds express emotions as a collective individual, which is evident from the sounds that a crowd produces in particular events, e.g., collective booing, laughing or cheering in sports matches, movies, theaters, concerts, political demonstrations, and riots. A critical question concerning the innovative concept of crowd emotions is whether the emotional content of crowd sounds can be characterized by frequency-amplitude features, using analysis techniques similar to those applied on individual voices, where deep learning classification is applied to spectrogram images derived by sound transformations. In this work, we present a technique based on the generation of sound spectrograms from fragments of fixed length, extracted from original audio clips recorded in high-attendance events, where the crowd acts as a collective individual. Transfer learning techniques are used on a convolutional neural network, pre-trained on low-level features using the well-known ImageNet extensive dataset of visual knowledge. The original sound clips are filtered and normalized in amplitude for a correct spectrogram generation, on which we fine-tune the domain-specific features. Experiments held on the finally trained Convolutional Neural Network show promising performances of the proposed model to classify the emotions of the crowd.
Soil inoculation alters the endosphere microbiome of chrysanthemum roots and leaves
Authors: Pangesti Nurmi , Pineda Ana , Hannula S. Emilia , Bezemer T. Martijn
Published: August 2020

Aims

This study examines how inoculation with live soil influences the assembly of the endosphere microbiome of leaves and roots of chrysanthemum.

Methods

Sterilized soil was inoculated with 10% soil in which grasses had grown. Chrysanthemum was planted in these soils and control plants were grown in 100% sterilized soil. All plants were exposed to thrips, and leaves and roots were collected from inoculated and control plants that experienced high and low thrips damage. DNA was extracted and the bacterial and fungal community inside roots and leaves was determined using Illumina sequencing.

Results

Inoculation increased bacterial diversity in root but not in leaf tissues. The endosphere of both roots and leaves was dominated by Pseudomonadaceae. In leaves, the relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae was higher in inoculated than in control plants, whereas this was opposite in roots. Leaves contained more rare bacterial families than roots. The number of fungal reads was very low and the endopshere did not differ between plants with high or low thrips damage.

Conclusions

Bacterial communities inside chrysanthemum root and leaf tissues differ considerably. Soil inoculation with entire microbiomes can be used to change root and foliar bacterial microbiomes and this is particularly effective in root tissues.
Lethal Laws and Lethal Education: A Case Study of Soviet Genocide Against Polish Foresters and Five Decades of Infodemic
Authors: Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. , Matulewska Aleksandra
Published: August 2020

Genocide as a part of nation or ethnic group extermination process is not a well-defined concept. Its meaning is understood intuitively. When law intervenes, the issue of defining the term comes back. Nevertheless, the Polish nation has been recognized as subjected to genocide activities during the Second World War by the Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. The paper focuses on the genocide against mainly one group of Poles that is to say foresters. The martyrologic evidence proves that foresters were an occupation group which for a variety of reasons suffered most. The research carried out in this respect by the National Forests in Poland has revealed that over 20% of pre-war staff of the institution actually lost their lives. They were killed by the German and Soviet occupiers, as well as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (https://www.lasy.gov.pl/pl/wideo/telewizja-lasow-panstwowych/wideo/martyrologia-lesnikow-Katyń-sybir-kresy). In the eastern parts of Poland foresters and their families were deported and sent to various labour and extermination camps e.g. in Siberia. The aim of the paper is to present the scale of genocide with the main emphasis on genocide against foresters. The definition of genocide provided by Lemkin (Axis rule in occupied Europe: laws of occupation, analysis of government, proposals for redress, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Division of International Law, Columbia University Press, Washington, DC, New York, 79–95, 1994), who coined the term, is a starting point for the analysis. The main research methods included the analysis of pertinent literature and source materials as well as the semiotic analysis of genocide circumstances. The thesis put forward by the authors is that foresters due to their education, practical skills, professional experience and insight knowledge turned out to be the group especially vulnerable and subjected to extermination on purpose.
The irrationality of labour in Stanisław Brzozowski’s philosophy of “labour”
Authors: Kasprzak Krystof
Published: August 2020

This article explores the concept of labour through a diremptive reading of Polish philosopher Stanisław Brzozowski’s essay “Prolegomena filozofii ‘pracy’” (“Prolegomena to a Philosophy of ‘Labour’”) written in 1909. This essay appears as a chapter in his main work Idee: wstęp do filozofii dojrzałości dziejowej (Ideas. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Historical Maturity), first published in 1910. In “Prolegomena,” Brzozowski defines labour as an inner gesture that delineates the duration of life. In the interpretation of this definition the influence of Henri Bergson on Brzozowski’s thought is stressed. Inspired by Bergson, Brzozowski understands labour as the only ground-creating—and therefore metaphysical—activity of humanity, when faced with the absence of transcendent grounds for existence in modernity. Emphasis is placed on Brzozowski’s insistence in “Prolegomena” that labour is irrational in its delineation of the absolutely new. He describes it as the α of the inner gesture of labour that cannot be known until it is performed. This unknown α is interpreted as his way of describing the groundlessness of the ground-creating activity of labour, and that this groundlessness means that labour eludes the control of the subject.
Foundations of a we-perspective
Authors: Crone Katja
Published: August 2020

What enables everyday collective attitudes such as the intention of two persons to go for a walk together? Most current approaches are concerned with full-fledged collective attitudes and focus on the content, the mode or the subject of such attitudes. It will be argued that these approaches miss out an important explanatory enabling feature of collective attitudes: an experiential state, called a “sense of us”, in which a we-perspective is grounded. As will be shown, the sense of us pre-structures collective intentional states and is thus relevant to an adequate understanding of collective attitudes. The argument receives indirect support by insights into distortions of interaction due to implicit stereotypes.
A New in-Plane Bending Test to Determine Flow Curves for Materials with Low Uniform Elongation
Authors: Naseem S. , Perdahcıoğlu E. S. , Geijselaers H. J. M. , van den Boogaard A. H.
Published: August 2020

Background

Flow curves can easily be obtained by uniaxial tensile tests, but strains are then limited by diffuse necking. For many applications, the flow stress must be known above this limit.

Objective

The main objective of this paper is to obtain flow curves for material with low uniform elongation to relatively high strains compared to a uniaxial tensile test.

Method

A novel in-plane sheet bending experiment and stress evaluation procedure is presented. The developed bending device can be mounted in a tensile test machine and can produce very high bending curvatures compared to previously proposed pure bending setups. The bending angle and curvature are obtained by image processing and the bending moment is calculated directly from the force measured from the tensile test machine and the bending angle. The moment–curvature relation is used to determine the uniaxial stress–strain relation using an analytical approach, without presuming any hardening model. The bending process and the analytical procedure are validated by a numerical simulation as well as by experiments.

Results

The numerical validation shows good agreement between the stress–strain curve obtained from the bending process and that of the uniaxial input flow curve up to 12% strain. Experimentally the model is validated by comparing the stress–strain curve obtained from the bending test with the results directly obtained from a tensile test for mild steel. Good agreement is observed up to 12% strain. As an application example, bending tests were performed on a martensitic steel (MS) with low uniform strain (less than 3%). For this material, flow curves could be obtained up to relatively high strains (~12%), compared to a tensile test.

Conclusion

This bending test setup allows to study materials with low uniform elongation up to significantly higher strains than are readily obtained in a tensile test.
A Novel Method for In Vitro 3D Imaging of Dissecting Pressurized Arterial Segments Using X-Ray Microtomography
Authors: Brunet J. , Pierrat B. , Adrien J. , Maire E. , Curt N. , Badel P.
Published: August 2020

Background:

It is commonly admitted that a dissection initiates with an intimal tear or at least a defect inside the arterial wall. Nevertheless, few studies investigated the initiation sequence due to the difficulty to monitor this process.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to observe and investigate the mechanisms leading an intimal tear to propagate into a dissection.

Methods:

A custom-made tension-inflation device fitting inside an X-ray microtomography setup was designed. A notch was created inside a porcine carotid artery before performing the tension-inflation test. The X-ray tomography setup allowed observing the wall-structure and the notch behavior during the inflation of the carotid artery.

Results:

A quantitative description of the notch morphology was performed, suggesting the prevalence of high shear stress in the region of the crack tip as a possible trigger for propagation of a dissection.

Conclusions:

The present experimental approach allowed understanding better the mechanisms leading to dissection and constitutes a first step toward the improvement of failure modeling and risk assessment of this disease.
Assessing life cycle impacts from changes in agricultural practices of crop production
Authors: Kløverpris Jesper Hedal , Scheel Claus Nordstrøm , Schmidt Jannick , Grant Brian , Smith Ward , Bentham Murray J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper presents an improved methodological approach for studying life cycle impacts (especially global warming) from changes in crop production practices. The paper seeks to improve the quantitative assessment via better tools and it seeks to break down results in categories that are logically separate and thereby easy to explain to farmers and other relevant stakeholder groups. The methodological framework is illustrated by a concrete study of a phosphate inoculant introduced in US corn production.

Methods

The framework considers a shift from an initial agricultural practice (reference system) to an alternative practice (alternative system) on an area of cropland A. To ensure system equivalence (same functional output), the alternative system is expanded with displaced or induced crop production elsewhere to level out potential changes in crop output from the area A. Upstream effects are analyzed in terms of changes in agricultural inputs to the area A. The yield effect is quantified by assessing the impacts from changes in crop production elsewhere. The field effect from potential changes in direct emissions from the field is quantified via biogeochemical modeling. Downstream effects are assessed as impacts from potential changes in post-harvest treatment, e.g., changes in drying requirements (if crop moisture changes).

Results and discussion

An inoculant with the soil fungus Penicillium bilaiae has been shown to increase corn yields in Minnesota by 0.44 Mg ha−1 (~ 4%). For global warming, the upstream effect (inoculant production) was 0.4 kg CO2e per hectare treated. The field effect (estimated via the biogeochemical model DayCent) was − 250 kg CO2e ha−1 (increased soil carbon and reduced N2O emissions) and the yield effect (estimated by simple system expansion) was − 140 kg CO2e ha−1 (corn production displaced elsewhere). There were no downstream effects. The total change per Mg dried corn produced was − 36 kg CO2e corresponding to a 14% decrease in global warming impacts. Combining more advanced methods indicates that results may vary from − 27 to − 40 kg CO2e per Mg corn.

Conclusion and recommendations

The present paper illustrates how environmental impacts from changes in agricultural practices can be logically categorized according to where in the life cycle they occur. The paper also illustrates how changes in emissions directly from the field (the field effect) can be assessed by biogeochemical modeling, thereby improving life cycle inventory modeling and addressing concerns in the literature. It is recommended to use the presented approach in any LCA of changes in agricultural practices.
Motilitätsstörungen des Ösophagus
Authors: Heinrich H. , Gockel I.
Published: August 2020

Die invasive Therapie der Achalasie sowie anderer höhergradiger Motilitätsstörungen hat sich in den letzten Jahren durch die Erweiterung des Therapierepertoires um die perorale endoskopische Myotomie (POEM) weiterentwickelt. Die hochauflösende Ösophagusmanometrie bietet die Möglichkeit einer phänotypbasierten Therapie der Achalasie sowie die Unterscheidung in weitere Motilitätsstörungen, die jedoch nicht alle Kennzeichen einer Achalasie aufweisen und deren Therapieansprechen auf invasive Therapien noch nicht gut erforscht ist. Der neuartige Endoflip zur Dehnbarkeitsmessung des ösophagogastralen Übergangs (ÖGÜ) kann Klärung bieten. Alle therapeutischen Maßnahmen dienen der Sicherstellung der Passage von Nahrung über den ÖGÜ. Die chirurgische Heller-Myotomie sowie die POEM sind bei der Achalasie etabliert. Bei spastischen Achalasieformen (Subtyp III nach Chicago-Klassifikation) scheint die POEM bessere Ergebnisse zu erzielen als alle anderen Therapieoptionen. Im Gegensatz hierzu liegen nur wenige Erkenntnisse zur invasiven Therapie der Obstruktion des OGÜ, der spastischen und der aperistaltischen Motilitätsstörungen vor.
Clinical Characteristics and Multisystem Imaging Findings of COVID-19: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Reddy Gireesh B. , Greif Dylan N. , Rodriguez Jose , Best Thomas M. , Greditzer Harry G. , Jose Jean
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic holds widespread implications for global public health, economies, societies, and the practice of orthopedic surgery. As our knowledge of the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and the symptomatology and management of COVID-19 expands, orthopedic surgeons must remain up to date on the latest medical evidence and surgical perspectives. While COVID-19 primarily manifests with pulmonary symptoms, cardiovascular, neurologic, and other major organ systems may also be affected and present with hallmark imaging findings. This article reviews initial and emerging literature on clinical characteristics and imaging findings of COVID-19.