bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase-1 in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Meszaros Martina , Kis Adrian , Kunos Laszlo , Tarnoki Adam Domonkos , Tarnoki David Laszlo , Lazar Zsofia , Bikov Andras
Published: November 2020

Biological functions of hyaluronic acid (HA) depend on its molecular size. High-molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) is an important component of the endothelial wall and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Under inflammation or hypoxia, HMW-HA is degraded by hyaluronidases, such as HYAL-1 resulting in pro-inflammatory low-molecular weight fragments. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by intermittent hypoxia and systemic inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate circulating HMW-HA and HYAL-1 in OSA. We recruited 68 patients with OSA and 40 control volunteers. After full-night sleep study blood samples were taken for HMW-HA and HYAL-1 measurements. HYAL-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA compared to controls (0.59/0.31–0.88/ng/mL vs. 0.31/0.31–0.58/ng/mL; p = 0.005) after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and smoking. There was a trend for reduced HMW-HA concentrations in OSA (31.63/18.11–59.25/ng/mL vs. 46.83/25.41–89.95/ng/mL; p = 0.068). Significant correlation was detected between circulating HMW-HA and apnoea-hypopnoea-index (r = − 0.195, p = 0.043), HYAL-1 and apnoea-hypopnoea-index (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) as well as oxygen desaturation index (r = 0.26, p < 0.01). Our results suggest that chronic hypoxia is associated with increased plasma HYAL-1 concentration and accelerated HMW-HA degradation. Altered hyaluronan metabolism may be involved in the inflammatory cascade potentially leading to endothelial dysfunction in OSA.
In-situ porosity recognition for laser additive manufacturing of 7075-Al alloy using plasma emission spectroscopy
Authors: Ren Wenjing , Mazumder Jyoti
Published: November 2020

Poor quality and low repeatability of additively manufactured parts are key technological obstacles for the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing (AM). In-situ monitoring and control of the AM process is vital to overcome this problem. This paper describes the combined artificial intelligence and plasma emission spectroscopy to identify the porosity of AM parts during the process. The time- and position-synchronized spectra were collected during the directed energy deposition (DED) manufacturing process of a 7075-Al alloy part. Eighteen features extracted from spectra were coupled with the deposition qualities which were characterized by the 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan and used to train a Random Forest (RF) classifier. The well-trained RF classifier achieved up to 83% precision for the porosity recognition of depositions. The feature importance recorded by the RF classifier indicates that the intensities of spectra at the wavelength of 414.234 (Fe I) nm and 396.054 (Al I) nm, and the kurtosis of spectra at wavelength ranges of 484–490 nm and 508–518 nm, are the most effective features for porosity recognition. The physical correlations between spectra, porosity formation, and thermal accumulation during the AM process were analyzed. This study demonstrates the great potentials, as well as challenges of plasma emission spectroscopy for in-situ quality monitoring of laser AM which allows the enhancement of AM technique.
Resolving the systematics of Richtersiidae by multilocus phylogeny and an integrative redescription of the nominal species for the genus Crenubiotus (Tardigrada)
Authors: Stec Daniel , Vecchi Matteo , Maciejowski Wojciech , Michalczyk Łukasz
Published: November 2020

The family Richtersiidae, although established recently with the use of phylogenetic methods, was considered potentially paraphyletic at the time of its erection. Until now, the family comprised four genera, Richtersius, Diaforobiotus, Adorybiotus and a newly erected genus Crenubiotus. However, the genetic characterisation for the latter two genera was very limited or absent. To address concerns about the phylogenetic affinity of these two genera, we present a multilocus phylogeny of the families Richtersiidae and Murrayidae based on four molecular markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2 and COI). Our results show a distinct evolutionary lineage composed of Adorybiotus and Crenubiotus, which is sister to Murrayidae. In order to accommodate the phylogenetic and morphological distinctiveness of this lineage, we erect a new family, Adorybiotidae fam. nov. The new taxon differs morphologically from other families in the superfamily Macrobiotoidea by a unique combination of traits: (1) the presence of tubercles/cushions with aggregations of microgranules on their surfaces present on all legs and on the dorso-caudal cuticle, (2) a system of internal septa in claws, and (3) buccal apparatus morphology. Moreover, in order to stabilise the taxonomy and nomenclature in the genus Crenubiotus, we redescribe its type species, Crenubiotus crenulatus, by means of integrative taxonomy and designate a new neotype based on a population from the original terra typica.
Field induced crossover in critical behaviour and direct measurement of the magnetocaloric properties of La0.4Pr0.3Ca0.1Sr0.2MnO3
Authors: Ghorai Sagar , Skini Ridha , Hedlund Daniel , Ström Petter , Svedlindh Peter
Published: November 2020

La0.4Pr0.3Ca0.1Sr0.2MnO3 has been investigated as a potential candidate for room temperature magnetic refrigeration. Results from X-ray powder diffraction reveal an orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. The electronic and chemical properties have been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion-beam analysis. A second-order paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition was observed near room temperature (289 K), with a mean-field like critical behaviour at low field and a tricritical mean-field like behaviour at high field. The field induced crossover in critical behaviour is a consequence of the system being close to a first-order magnetic transition in combination with a magnetic field induced suppression of local lattice distortions. The lattice distortions consist of interconnected and weakly distorted pairs of Mn-ions, where each pair shares an electron and a hole, dispersed by large Jahn–Teller distortions at Mn3+ lattice sites. A comparatively high value of the isothermal entropy-change (3.08 J/kg-K at 2 T) is observed and the direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change reveal a temperature change of 1.5 K for a magnetic field change of 1.9 T.
18F-THK5351 PET imaging in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: associations with core domains and diagnostic certainty
Authors: Hsu Jung-Lung , Chen Shih-Hsin , Hsiao Ing-Tsung , Lu Chin-Song , Yen Tzu-Chen , Okamura Nobuyuki , Lin Kun-Ju , Weng Yi-Hsin
Published: November 2020

The associations of 18F-THK5351 tau positron emission tomography (PET) findings with core domains of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and its diagnostic certainty have yet to be fully elucidated. The 18F-THK5351 PET patterns of 17 patients with PSP (68.9 ± 6.5 years; 8 women) were compared with those observed in 28 age-matched and sex-matched (66.2 ± 4.5 years, 18 women) control subjects (CS). Tracer accumulation—as reflected by standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and z-scores—was correlated with core domains of PSP and different levels of diagnostic certainty. Compared with CS, patients with PSP showed an increased 18F-THK5351 uptake in the globus pallidus and red nucleus. Patients with PSP and oculomotor dysfunction had significantly higher SUVRs in the midbrain, red nucleus, and raphe nucleus than those without. In addition, cases who meet criteria for level 1 (highest) certainty in the postural instability domain showed significantly higher SUVRs in the frontal, parietal, precuneus, and sensory-motor cortex. Patients with probable PSP had significantly higher SUVR values than those with possible PSP in multiple cortical (i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal, anterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and sensory-motor gyrus) and subcortical (i.e., putamen, thalamus, and raphe nucleus) regions. Patterns of 18F-THK5351 uptake were correlated to core domains of PSP—including oculomotor dysfunction and postural instability. Moreover, the degree of diagnostic certainty for PSP was appreciably associated with 18F-THK5351 PET findings.
Delphi methodology for symptomatology associated with visual dysfunctions
Authors: Cantó-Cerdán Mario , Cacho-Martínez Pilar , García-Muñoz Ángel
Published: November 2020

To analyse what eyecare clinicians think about which symptoms are associated with refractive, accommodative and binocular dysfunctions, and which of them should be used in a questionnaire of visual symptomatology. A Delphi method was developed, using a coordinating group and a group of experts, and the process was conducted in three rounds. In the first round we compiled a list of 34 symptoms from the scientific literature and additional 10 suggested by the experts. These symptoms were categorized by each expert to the associated visual anomalies and working distance. In the second round, the relationship between each symptom and visual dysfunctions was analysed using a numeric scale. In the third round, the appearance or absence of the 44 symptoms in a questionnaire was assessed. Symptoms most frequently assigned by the experts to visual anomalies were related to near vision. Symptoms of blurred vision, difficulty focusing from one distance to another and close one eye obtained the highest mean score for refractive, accommodative and binocular disorders respectively. The experts were in agreement for 15 symptoms and in disagreement for 5 symptoms that should appear in a questionnaire. Delphi method has been used to identify the symptoms related to visual dysfunctions according to eyecare professionals and has allowed to arrive at appropriate symptoms to be asked for in a visual symptomatology questionnaire.
Antibiotic-induced DNA damage results in a controlled loss of pH homeostasis and genome instability
Authors: Booth James Alexander , Špírek Mário , Lobie Tekle Airgecho , Skarstad Kirsten , Krejci Lumir , Bjørås Magnar
Published: November 2020

Extracellular pH has been assumed to play little if any role in how bacteria respond to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance development. Here, we show that the intracellular pH of Escherichia coli equilibrates to the environmental pH following treatment with the DNA damaging antibiotic nalidixic acid. We demonstrate that this allows the environmental pH to influence the transcription of various DNA damage response genes and physiological processes such as filamentation. Using purified RecA and a known pH-sensitive mutant variant RecA K250R we show how pH can affect the biochemical activity of a protein central to control of the bacterial DNA damage response system. Finally, two different mutagenesis assays indicate that environmental pH affects antibiotic resistance development. Specifically, at environmental pH’s greater than six we find that mutagenesis plays a significant role in producing antibiotic resistant mutants. At pH’s less than or equal to 6 the genome appears more stable but extensive filamentation is observed, a phenomenon that has previously been linked to increased survival in the presence of macrophages.
Genome-wide scan for selection signatures reveals novel insights into the adaptive capacity in local North African cattle
Authors: Ben-Jemaa Slim , Mastrangelo Salvatore , Lee Seung-Hwan , Lee Jun Heon , Boussaha Mekki
Published: November 2020

Natural-driven selection is supposed to have left detectable signatures on the genome of North African cattle which are often characterized by the fixation of genetic variants associated with traits under selection pressure and/or an outstanding genetic differentiation with other populations at particular loci. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure and we provide a first outline of potential selection signatures in North African cattle using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data. After comparing our data to African, European and indicine cattle populations, we identified 36 genomic regions using three extended haplotype homozygosity statistics and 92 outlier markers based on Bayescan test. The 13 outlier windows detected by at least two approaches, harboured genes (e.g. GH1, ACE, ASIC3, HSPH1, MVD, BCL2, HIGD2A, CBFA2T3) that may be involved in physiological adaptations required to cope with environmental stressors that are typical of the North African area such as infectious diseases, extended drought periods, scarce food supply, oxygen scarcity in the mountainous areas and high-intensity solar radiation. Our data also point to candidate genes involved in transcriptional regulation suggesting that regulatory elements had also a prominent role in North African cattle response to environmental constraints. Our study yields novel insights into the unique adaptive capacity in these endangered populations emphasizing the need for the use of whole genome sequence data to gain a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Developmental differences in the intestinal microbiota of Chinese 1-year-old infants and 4-year-old children
Authors: Guo Min , Miao Maohua , Wang Yuezhu , Duan Mengmeng , Yang Fen , Chen Yao , Yuan Wei , Zheng Huajun
Published: November 2020

The microbiota profile of children changes with age. To investigate the differences in the gut microbiota profile of 1- and 4-year-old children, we collected fecal samples and sequenced the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput DNA sequencing. From phylum to species level, the microbiota underwent significant changes with age. The abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria declined with age, whereas phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased with age and dominated the gut microbiota of 4-year-olds. The intestinal environment of children at age four is closer to maturity. Hence, the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly decreased in the gut of 4-year-olds, whereas Akkermansia muciniphila increased from 0.14% in 1-year-olds to 4.25% in 4-year-olds. The functional change in gut microbiota is consistent with changes in infant food, as microbiota participating in amino acid and vitamin metabolism were enriched in 1-year-olds, whereas microbiota involved in lipid metabolism increased with age.
Antioxidant activity and mechanism of inhibitory action of gentisic and α-resorcylic acids
Authors: Mardani-Ghahfarokhi Azadeh , Farhoosh Reza
Published: November 2020

The antioxidant activity of gentisic (GA) and α-resorcylic (α-RA) acids was investigated by considering their molecular structures in various oxidative environments, including DPPH· scavenging assay, stripped olive and soybean oils, and the corresponding oil-in-water emulsions. The mechanism of action in the oils was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the antioxidants at 60 °C, using the kinetic parameters the stabilization factor (F), the oxidation rate ratio (ORR), the activity (A), and the average rate of antioxidant consumption ($$\overline{r}_{{{\text{AH}}}}$$

r
¯

AH

). GA was significantly more potent antioxidant than α-RA in all the environments. Although the less polar α-RA showed better activity in the emulsions rather than in the bulk oils, GA with an ortho-hydroxy structure had higher capacity to scavenge DPPH·, and LOO· in the oils and emulsions. The lower performance of α-RA was attributed to its participation in side reactions of chain initiation (AH + LOOH → A· + L· + H2O) and propagation (A· + LH → AH + L·) as competed with the main chain termination reaction (LOO· + AH → LOOH + A·).
Recovery of motor function of chronic spinal cord injury by extracellular pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Kikuchi Takahiro , Tohda Chihiro , Suyama Masato
Published: November 2020

In our previous study, we found that pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) was secreted from the skeletal muscle and extended axons in the cultured neuron. Indirect evidence suggested that secreted PKM2 might relate to the recovery of motor function in spinal cord injured (SCI) mice. However, in vivo direct evidence has not been obtained, showing that extracellular PKM2 improved axonal density and motor function in SCI mice. In addition, the signal pathway of extracellular PKM2 underlying the increase in axons remained unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a target molecule of extracellular PKM2 in neurons and investigate the critical involvement of extracellular PKM2 in functional recovery in the chronic phase of SCI. Recombinant PKM2 infusion to the lateral ventricle recovered motor function in the chronic phase of SCI mice. The improvement of motor function was associated with axonal increase, at least of raphespinal tracts connecting to the motor neurons directly or indirectly. Target molecules of extracellular PKM2 in neurons were identified as valosin-containing protein (VCP) by the drug affinity responsive target stability method. ATPase activation of VCP mediated the PKM2-induced axonal increase and recovery of motor function in chronic SCI related to the increase in axonal density. It is a novel finding that axonal increase and motor recovery are mediated by extracellular PKM2-VCP-driven ATPase activity.
Unveiling the heterogeneity of NKT cells in the liver through single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Shen Hao , Gu Chan , Liang Tao , Liu Haifeng , Guo Fan , Liu Xiaolong
Published: November 2020

CD1d-dependent type I NKT cells, which are activated by lipid antigen, are known to play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as are a portion of type II NKT cells. However, the heterogeneity of NKT cells, especially NKT-like cells, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the profiling of NKT (NK1.1+CD3e+) cells in livers from wild type (WT), Jα18-deficient and CD1d-deficient mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased transcriptional clustering revealed distinct cell subsets. The transcriptomic profiles identified the well-known CD1d-dependent NKT cells and defined two CD1d-independent NKT cell subsets. In addition, validation of marker genes revealed the differential organ distribution and landscape of NKT cell subsets during liver tumor progression. More importantly, we found that CD1d-independent Sca-1−CD62L+NKT cells showed a strong ability to secrete IFN-γ after costimulation with IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18 in vitro. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of NKT cell heterogeneity and unveil a previously undefined functional NKT cell subset.
Author Correction: Genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace suggests beneficial effects of brisk walking on health and survival
Authors: Timmins Iain R. , Zaccardi Francesco , Nelson Christopher P. , Franks Paul W. , Yates Thomas , Dudbridge Frank
Published: November 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01447-6.
A reactive oxygen species-responsive antioxidant nanotherapy for the treatment of drug-induced tissue and organ injury
Authors: Li Chenwen , Hu Ying , Nie Qiang , Chen Shuguang , Li Gang , Li Lanlan , Chen Sheng , Tang Bo , Zhang Jianxiang
Published: November 2020

An antioxidant nanotherapy engineered from a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive and ROS-eliminating cyclodextrin material can be used for the treatment of drug-induced gastrointestinal and liver injury.
High-internal-phase emulsions (HIPEs) for co-encapsulation of probiotics and curcumin: enhanced survivability and controlled release
Authors: Su Jiaqi , Cai Yongjian , Tai Kedong , Guo Qing , Zhu Shaoxin , Mao Like , Gao Yanxiang , Yuan Fang , Van der Meeren Paul
Published: November 2020

Synergistic biological activities of probiotics and curcumin can be achieved based on the gut–brain axis.
Green synthesis of Zn-doped Catharanthus Roseus nanoparticles for enhanced anti-diabetic activity
Authors: Govindan Nagaraj , Vairaprakasam Kowsalya , Chinnasamy Chandraleka , Sivalingam Tamilarasu , Mohammed Mustafa K. A.
Published: November 2020

Biosynthesized Zn-doped C. roseus has been successfully prepared by using a simple photo induced method. The green Zn-doped C. roseus nanoparticles showed moderate anti-diabetic activity.
Phosphorescent MoS2 quantum dots as a temperature sensor and security ink
Authors: Madhu Manivannan , Lu Chi-Yu , Tseng Wei-Lung
Published: November 2020

The embedding of MoS2 quantum dots in polyvinyl alcohol matrices produces long afterglow phosphorescent materials.
Spin–momentum locking induced non-local voltage in topological insulator nanowire
Authors: Chen Jen-Ru , Tse Pok Lam , Krivorotov Ilya N. , Lu Jia G.
Published: November 2020

Unique spin–momentum locking in topological surface states of Sb2Te3 nanowires exhibits an unusual symmetry in non-local voltage signal.
The role of ligands in electron transport in nanocrystal solids
Authors: Khabibullin Artem R. , Efros Alexander L. , Erwin Steven C.
Published: November 2020

Theoretical modeling of wavefunction overlap in nanocrystal solids elucidates the important role played by ligands in electron transport.
Synthesis and short DNAin situloading and delivery of 4 nm-aperture flexible organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Ze-Kun , Lin Jia-Le , Zhang Yun-Chang , Yang Chen-Wu , Zhao Ya-Kun , Leng Zheng-Wei , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Zhu Jiang , Li Zhan-Ting
Published: November 2020

Water-soluble hydrazone-connected 3D flexible organic frameworks have been revealed toin situload and deliver short DNA into normal and cancer cells.
Design of functional polymer nanomaterials for antimicrobial therapy and combatting resistance
Authors: Li Zelin , Bai Haotian , Jia Shaochuan , Yuan Huanxiang , Gao Li-Hua , Liang Haiyan
Published: November 2020

Human health is facing a severe threat from pathogenic infections. Polymer materials display unprecedented advantages as effective antimicrobial materials.
A one-pot synthesis of a monolithic Cu2O/Cu catalyst for efficient ozone decomposition
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Ghasem , Wang Anqi , Ma Guojun , Han Ning , Chen Yunfa
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, it is necessary and challenging to prepare monolithic catalysts, which are ready for use, preventing the tedious and complicated integration procedure of the powder materials onto a porous substrate.
Natural gradient composite made of aragonite nanofibers: the ligament of bivalveAcesta marissinica
Authors: Pan Xijin , Zhang Gangsheng
Published: November 2020

We proposed a schematic model of the fiber architecture in the fibrous ligament (FL) ofA. marissinica.
Accelerating the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)
Authors: De Vita Simona , Chini Maria Giovanna , Lauro Gianluigi , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

New computational protocol applied to a repurposing campaign against SARS-CoV-2.
Charge accumulation kinetics in multi-redox molecular catalysts immobilised on TiO2
Authors: Bozal-Ginesta Carlota , Mesa Camilo A. , Eisenschmidt Annika , Francàs Laia , Shankar Ravi B. , Antón-García Daniel , Warnan Julien , Willkomm Janina , Reynal Anna , Reisner Erwin , Durrant James R.
Published: November 2020

Using transient spectroelectrochemical techniques, we investigate multiply reduced states of molecular catalysts on titania photoelectrodes as a function of the applied bias and the light intensity.
Reversible carbon–boron bond formation at platinum centers through σ-BH complexes
Authors: Ríos Pablo , Martín-de la Calle Rocío , Vidossich Pietro , Fernández-de-Córdova Francisco José , Lledós Agustí , Conejero Salvador
Published: November 2020

A reversible carbon–boron bond formation has been observed in the reaction of the coordinatively unsaturated, cyclometalated, Pt(ii) complex [Pt(ItBuiPr′)(ItBuiPr)][BArF], 1, with tricoordinated boranes HBR2.
Alignment and scattering of colliding active droplets
Authors: Lippera Kevin , Benzaquen Michael , Michelin Sébastien
Published: November 2020

While direct collisions of two chemically-active droplets promote their alignment, interactions via their chemical wake can result in a significant scattering.
A general strategy for metal oxide nanoparticles embedded into heterogeneous carbon nanosheets as high-rate lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Pang Haibo , Yu Peifeng , Xu Fei , Zhang Weicai , Peng Jing , Hu Hang , Zheng Mingtao , Xiao Yong , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru
Published: November 2020

A facile and general preparation strategy of 2D metal oxide@heterogeneous carbon composite nanosheets as high-rate lithium-ion battery anodes was proposed.
Unraveling the quantum dynamics origin of high photocatalytic activity in nitrogen-doped anatase TiO2: time-domain ab initio analysis
Authors: Yang Yating , Zhang Zhaosheng , Fang Wei-Hai , Fernandez-Alberti Sebastian , Long Run
Published: November 2020

TiO2 doping with nitrogen greatly suppresses nonradiative electron-hole recombination and enhances photocatalytic activity.
Biomimetic electro-oxidation of alkyl sulfides from exfoliated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets
Authors: Maachou Lahcene , Qi Kun , Petit Eddy , Qin Zhaodan , Zhang Yang , Cot Didier , Flaud Valérie , Reibel Corine , El-Maghrbi Heba , Li Lei , Miele Philippe , Kaplan Daniel , Chhowalla Manish , Onofrio Nicolas , Voiry Damien
Published: November 2020

High electrocatalytic performance of biomimetic exfoliated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets towards the electro-oxidation of alkyl sulfides.
Measurements of Transmission Characteristics Related to Bone-Conducted Speech Using Excitation Signals in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Toya Teruki , Birkholz Peter , Unoki Masashi
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Psychoacoustical studies on transmission characteristics related to bone-conducted (BC) speech, perceived by speakers during vocalization, are important for further understanding the relationship between speech production and perception, especially auditory feedback. For exploring how the outer ear part contributes to BC speech transmission, this article aims to measure the transmission characteristics of bone conduction focusing on the vibration of the regio temporalis (RT) and sound radiation in the ear canal (EC) due to the excitation in the oral cavity (OC).

Method

While an excitation signal was presented through a loudspeaker located in the enclosed cavity below the hard palate, transmitted signals were measured on the RT and in the EC. The transfer functions of the RT vibration and EC sound pressure relative to OC sound pressure were determined from the measured signals using the sweep-sine method.

Results

Our findings obtained from the measurements of five participants are as follows: (a) the transfer function of the RT vibration relative to the OC sound pressure attenuated the frequency components above 1 kHz and (b) the transfer function of the EC relative to the OC sound pressure emphasized the frequency components between 2 and 3 kHz.

Conclusions

The vibration of the soft tissue or the skull bone has an effect of low-pass filtering, whereas the sound radiation in the EC has an effect of 2–3 kHz bandpass filtering. Considering the perceptual effect of low-pass filtering in BC speech, our findings suggest that the transmission to the outer ear may not be a dominant contributor to BC speech perception during vocalization.
The Safety, Tolerability, and Impact of Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training and Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Pulmonary, Cough, and Swallow Function Surrogates in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Donohue Cara , Coyle James L.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

This feasibility study examined the safety, tolerability, and impact of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) combined with respiratory–swallow coordination training (RST) in comparison to EMST alone, and no treatment on pulmonary function, cough function, surrogates of swallow function, and diaphragm thickness in a pre–post small case series of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method

This prospective, nonrandomized, delayed intervention case series consisted of six people with ALS: three patients assigned to EMST + RST, two patients assigned to EMST only, and one patient who received no intervention. Patients undergoing treatment underwent a 5-week no-treatment lead-in period before undergoing their respective 5 weeks of treatment with an optional maintenance period for an additional 5 weeks (n= 4). Primary outcome measures included pulmonary function measurements, scores on the Eating Assessment Tool-10 and Swallowing Related Quality of Life, and diaphragm thickness.

Results

Descriptive statistics were used to describe outcome measures and individual patient performance. Results revealed that EMST + RST was a safe and well-tolerated intervention, and that both respiratory interventions led to maintenance and improvement of some outcome measures in most patients within this small case series.

Conclusion

This exploratory study provides preliminary support regarding the tolerability and efficacy of a combined respiratory intervention in a small case series of people with ALS.
Case study on the identification and classification of small-scale flow patterns in flaring active region
Authors: Philishvili E. , Shergelashvili B. M. , Buitendag S. , Raes J. , Poedts S. , Khodachenko M. L.
Published: November 2020

Context. We propose a novel methodology to identity flows in the solar atmosphere and classify their velocities as either supersonic, subsonic, or sonic.

Aims. The proposed methodology consists of three parts. First, an algorithm is applied to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) image data to locate and track flows, resulting in the trajectory of each flow over time. Thereafter, the differential emission measure inversion method is applied to six Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) channels along the trajectory of each flow in order to estimate its background temperature and sound speed. Finally, we classify each flow as supersonic, subsonic, or sonic by performing simultaneous hypothesis tests on whether the velocity bounds of the flow are larger, smaller, or equal to the background sound speed.

Methods. The proposed methodology was applied to the SDO image data from the 171 Å spectral line for the date 6 March 2012 from 12:22:00 to 12:35:00 and again for the date 9 March 2012 from 03:00:00 to 03:24:00. Eighteen plasma flows were detected, 11 of which were classified as supersonic, 3 as subsonic, and 3 as sonic at a 70% level of significance. Out of all these cases, 2 flows cannot be strictly ascribed to one of the respective categories as they change from the subsonic state to supersonic and vice versa. We labeled them as a subclass of transonic flows.

Results. The proposed methodology provides an automatic and scalable solution to identify small-scale flows and to classify their velocities as either supersonic, subsonic, or sonic. It can be used to characterize the physical properties of the solar atmosphere.

Conclusions. We identified and classified small-scale flow patterns in flaring loops. The results show that the flows can be classified into four classes: sub-, super-, trans-sonic, and sonic. The flows occur in the complex structure of the active region magnetic loops. The detected flows from AIA images can be analyzed in combination with the other high-resolution observational data, such as Hi-C 2.1 data, and be used for the development of theories describing the physical conditions responsible for the formation of flow patterns.
Multi-thermal atmosphere of a mini-solar flare during magnetic reconnection observed with IRIS
Authors: Joshi Reetika , Schmieder Brigitte , Tei Akiko , Aulanier Guillaume , Lörinčík Juraj , Chandra Ramesh , Heinzel Petr
Published: November 2020

Context. The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) with its high spatial and temporal resolution facilitates exceptional plasma diagnostics of solar chromospheric and coronal activity during magnetic reconnection.

Aims. The aim of this work is to study the fine structure and dynamics of the plasma at a jet base forming a mini-flare between two emerging magnetic fluxes (EMFs) observed with IRIS and the Solar Dynamics Observatory instruments.

Methods. We proceed to a spatio-temporal analysis of IRIS spectra observed in the spectral ranges of Mg II, C II, and Si IV ions. Doppler velocities from Mg II lines were computed using a cloud model technique.

Results. Strong asymmetric Mg II and C II line profiles with extended blue wings observed at the reconnection site (jet base) are interpreted by the presence of two chromospheric temperature clouds: one explosive cloud with blueshifts at 290 km s−1 and one cloud with smaller Doppler shift (around 36 km s−1). Simultaneously at the same location (jet base), strong emission of several transition region lines (e.g. O IV and Si IV), emission of the Mg II triplet lines, and absorption of identified chromospheric lines in Si IV broad profiles have been observed and analysed.

Conclusions. Such observations of IRIS line and continuum emissions allow us to propose a stratification model for the white light, mini-flare atmosphere with multiple layers of different temperatures along the line of sight in a reconnection current sheet. It is the first time that we could quantify the fast speed (possibly Alfvénic flows) of cool clouds ejected perpendicularly to the jet direction via the cloud model technique. We conjecture that the ejected clouds come from plasma which was trapped between the two EMFs before reconnection or be caused by chromospheric-temperature (cool) upflow material similar to a surge during reconnection.
Properties of the Hyades, the eclipsing binary HD 27130, and the oscillating red giant ϵ Tauri
Authors: Brogaard K. , Pakštienė E. , Grundahl F. , Mikolaitis Š. , Tautvaišienė G. , Slumstrup D. , Talens G. J. J. , VandenBerg D. A. , Miglio A. , Arentoft T. , Kjeldsen H. , Janulis R. , Drazdauskas A. , Marchini A. , Minkevičiūtė R. , Stonkutė E. , Bagdonas V. , Fredslund Andersen M. , Jessen-Hansen J. , Pallé P. L. , Dorval P. , Snellen I. A. G. , Otten G. P. P. L. , White T. R.
Published: November 2020

Context. The derivation of accurate and precise masses and radii is possible for eclipsing binary stars, allowing for insights into their evolution. When residing in star clusters, they provide measurements of even greater precision, along with additional information on their properties. Asteroseismic investigations of solar-like oscillations offers similar possibilities for single stars.

Aims. We wish to improve the previously established properties of the Hyades eclipsing binary HD 27130 and re-assess the asteroseismic properties of the giant star ϵ Tau. The physical properties of these members of the Hyades can be used to constrain the helium content and age of the cluster.

Methods. New multi-colour light curves were combined with multi-epoch radial velocities to yield masses and radii of HD 27130. Measurements of Teff were derived from spectroscopy and photometry, and verified using the Gaia parallax. We estimated the cluster age from re-evaluated asteroseismic properties of ϵ Tau while using HD 27130 to constrain the helium content.

Results. The masses, radii, and Teff of HD 27130 were found to be M = 1.0245  ±  0.0024 M⊙, R = 0.9226  ±  0.015 R⊙, Teff = 5650  ±  50 K for the primary, and M = 0.7426  ±  0.0016 M⊙, R = 0.7388  ±  0.026 R⊙, Teff = 4300  ±  100 K for the secondary component. Our re-evaluation of ϵ Tau suggests that the previous literature estimates are trustworthy and that the HIPPARCOS parallax is more reliable than the Gaia DR2 parallax.

Conclusions. The helium content of HD 27130 and, thus, of the Hyades is found to be Y = 0.27 but with a significant model dependency. Correlations with the adopted metallicity result in a robust helium enrichment law, with ΔY/ΔZ close to 1.2 We estimate the age of the Hyades to be 0.9 ± 0.1 (stat) ±0.1 (sys) Gyr, which is in slight tension with recent age estimates based on the cluster white dwarfs. The precision of the age estimate can be much improved via asteroseismic investigations of the other Hyades giants and by future improvements to the Gaia parallax for bright stars.
Switchbacks as signatures of magnetic flux ropes generated by interchange reconnection in the corona
Authors: Drake J. F. , Agapitov O. , Swisdak M. , Badman S. T. , Bale S. D. , Horbury T. S. , Kasper J. C. , MacDowall R. J. , Mozer F. S. , Phan T. D. , Pulupa M. , Szabo A. , Velli M.
Published: November 2020

The structure of magnetic flux ropes injected into the solar wind during reconnection in the coronal atmosphere is explored with particle-in-cell simulations and compared with in situ measurements of magnetic “switchbacks” from the Parker Solar Probe. We suggest that multi-x-line reconnection between open and closed flux in the corona injects flux ropes into the solar wind and that these flux ropes convect outward over long distances before eroding due to reconnection. Simulations that explore the magnetic structure of flux ropes in the solar wind reproduce the following key features of the switchback observations: a rapid rotation of the radial magnetic field into the transverse direction, which is a consequence of reconnection with a strong guide field; and the potential to reverse the radial field component. The potential implication of the injection of large numbers of flux ropes in the coronal atmosphere for understanding the generation of the solar wind is discussed.
Gentrification Impact to the Community’s Quality of Life in Semarang Old Town
Authors: Santy Paulla Dewi , Wakhidah Kurniawati
Published: November 2020

The revitalization of the Old Town of Semarang is to support the Old Town as a heritage tourist destination and to overcome environmental problems such as tidal flood, slums, old buildings that are not maintained, and street vendors. Revitalization efforts have positive and negative impacts on the people in it. The positive impact caused by the existence of tourism activities in the Old Town area is the developing economy of Semarang City. While the negative impacts caused are physical, economic, and social gentrification; and affect the quality of life of local people. So it is necessary to study the relationship between gentrification and the quality of life of the community. The analysis to achieve that goal is the identification of revitalization, gentrification, and quality of life of the communities. Data collection methods were questionnaires, field observations, interviews, and document review, and also analysis techniques in the form of spatial planning. Based on the results of the study, there is relationship between gentrification and revitalization. That is, the facilities in the Old Town area cannot reach all levels of the people who live there. Besides, the presence of gentrification worsens the quality of life of local people. The government is still only focused on the physical development of the Old Town but has not considered the community's economic and social revitalization.
Educating Higher Education Institutions to Support SDGs: Indonesian Case
Authors: Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Utama Yos Johan
Published: November 2020

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become international programs and are adopted by almost all countries in the world. All institutions at various levels and sectors in each country have developed programs to support and accelerate the achievement of the 17 goals of the SDGs, including higher education institutions. However, there are still many universities that are not fully aware of and understand this matter, even though they may carry out programs that are actually related to one or more of the goals of the SDGs. This can be seen from the limited number of universities that have SDGs Center or sustainability office. To focus more on developing programs in higher education and further increasing efforts in order to achieve these goals, educational programs for higher education institutions are needed. This effort can be made by the central government through the relevant ministries, as well as related offices at the provisional government level. In addition, there are several higher education ranking programs that have indirectly educated these higher education institutions about SDGs.
Assessment sustainable tourism: a literature review composite indicator
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Agusti Febrina , Nugroho Widyo Pranomo Susatyo , Susanty Aries , Purwanggono Bambang
Published: November 2020

Indicators are very important in the assessment to see the success of the sustainable tourism model. There is still little research involving stakeholders for the determination of sustainable tourism assessment indicators. This study tries to produce a more specific grouping of sustainable tourism assessment indicators was carried out. The literature review study was conducted in 31 indexed international journals uploaded online in the 2010-2020 range. The keyword used for sustainable tourism assessment is an indicator of sustainable tourism assessment. The results of the analysis study, indicators used in the assessment of sustainable tourism obtained as many as 75 indicators (22 economic; 24 social; 29 environmental) with 6 levels of stakeholders which have to validation for future research.
Sustainable development goals as a tool for strategic planning in communities: a bibliometric analysis of research
Authors: Petrushenko Yuriy , Vadym Aleksandrov , Vorontsova Anna , Ponomarenko Oksana
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, the balanced development of any territorial unit should be based on the concept of sustainable development. As a result of its significant expansion, the goals of sustainable development began to be used at the level of strategic and operational documents, which in the context of decentralization is reflected at the level of individual territorial communities. This article is devoted to bibliometric analysis of the scientific papers from the Web of Science and Scopus, which deals with the topic of sustainable development in local communities as elements of strategic planning. To do this, we used the VOS viewer, Scopus, and Web of Science tools, which made it possible to identify major trends (for example, dynamics by year, country, authors, subject area, etc.) and clusters that visually present the obtained information. The following key parameters were also selected for the analysis: published for 1987-2019 years; the language of the paper – English; papers which contain keywords – sustainable development, local communities, and strategic planning. The results indicate a growing role of the chosen topic, which prevails in environmental and social sciences. The bibliometric analysis revealed 8 clusters (Scopus database) and 11 clusters (Vos database) with the central term “sustainable development”. The term “local communities” is also one of the key ones in the analyzed research, which is confirmed by the number and strength of links. The analyzed trends show that sustainable development is increasingly considered at the local level of territorial communities in the context of their planning and development.
Tourism Suitability, and Carrying Capacity : Prospect Ecotourism (Case Study in Marina Beach Semarang)
Authors: Fithor Alin , Prayitno S. Budi , Purwanti Frida , Indarjo Agus
Published: November 2020

Marina beach in the city of Semarang is one of the interesting marine attractions, interesting because it is only one of the tourist destinations in the middle of the city. This results in tourists only knowing the tourist recreation. This study aims to combine current conditions where collaboration between Tourism suitability and Carrying capacity of the region as an evaluation and certainly become a prospect towards the future of marine tourism. The results show that the location of the marina beach is not appropriate (TS) with a value of 1.82 in terms of land suitability for the beach recreation category and the carrying capacity of the area for beach recreation is still likely to be improved, but for sports tourism and fishing tourism has been saturated or dense. New innovations are needed in making beach tourism locations for the latest marine tourism recreation in locations in the city of Semarang and are really still naturally accompanied by sound strategies and policies
Factors that affect the interest of the manufacturing industries to implement the green industry certification regulation in Indonesia
Authors: Mardika Putra I Nyoman , Martono Dwi Nowo , Nurcahyo Rahmat
Published: November 2020

Green Industry Standards, as a regulation to achieve sustainable industrial development, currently still have little interest in its application in Indonesia, especially through certification. There are only 27 industries that have implemented Green Industry certification from a total of 33,923 industries in Indonesia until 2019. Based on this data, it is necessary to evaluate the application of current Green Industry certification regulations. The findings of this study are expected to be used as one of the information sources for government strategic consideration to increase industrial interest on Green Industry certification implementation. This study is done by analyzing the factors that drive and hinder industrial interest in implementing Green Industry certification. The method used in this study is a quantitative method conducted by a survey of 27 certified industries and 20 uncertified industries using a questionnaire with a Linkert scale and then processed statistically. The results of the research show that the driving factors of industry's interest in implementing Green Industry certification up to 100% was to improve company image, whereas 94.5% of factor inhibiting interest in certification stated by respondents was the currently limited Green Industry Standards that are only available to a certain scope of certain commodities.
Determination of the original coastline on Semarang city and Demak district using remote sensing approach
Authors: Sriyana Ignatius , Niyomukiza John Bosco , Sangkawati Sri , Parahyangsari Sri Kumala
Published: November 2020

Development of the coastal area without environmental consciousness is disrupting coastline equilibrium, thus triggering erosion and accretion. This results in the obscurity of the border area due to coastline change. The objective of this study is to determine the original coastline of Semarang city and Demak district. The method used is remote sensing using Landsat satellite imagery data dating from 1984 to 2018. The results showed that the length of the coastline in Semarang and Demak border coast shows a continuous increase from 48.2, 57.9, 63.7, and 73.5 km in 1984, 1992, 2000, and 2008, respectively to 92.6 km in 2018, and the average annual change rate from 1984 to 1992, 1992 to 2000, 2000 to 2008, and 2008 to 2018 is 1.2 km per year, 0.7 km per year, 1.2 km per year, and 2.1 km per year, respectively. It was concluded that the current coastline condition of Semarang city and Demak district has had an increase of 29.8 km in length and shifted inwards by 0.5-2 km in 2000 – 2018 compared to the original coastline. This shows a deviation of 5-15% from Government Regional Spatial Plan. The study recommends a sustainable coastal management and action plan to be prepared by the government, as it is vital in preserving the coastal regions.
Study of Duck Feather Modification using NaOH to Removal Iron in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)
Authors: Baroroh Lili Utami Umi , Heru Susanto , Cahyono Bambang
Published: November 2020

Study of duck feather modification using NaOH to removal iron in acid mine drainage (AMD) has been done. The objective of this study was to determine adsorption capacity. Modification duck feather that 2 g of duck powder was dissolved in 25 mL NaOH with a concentration of 1.00; 1.25; 1.50; 1.75; 2.00; and 2.25 % (v/v), then placed on hotplate stirrer at 50°C and stirred for 24 hours. The results showed that adsorption capacity of Fe by adsorbent of duck feather modification using NaOH optimum at concentration 1.50% and adsorption capacity before & after activation were 36.231 mg/g and 68.493 mg/g and potential to be used as an adsorbent to removal of Fe in acid mine drainage at coal mining.