bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencing restraint: A dialogic narrative inquiry from a service user perspective
Authors: Cusack Pauline , McAndrew Sue , Duckworth Jean , Cusack Frank , McKeown Michael
Published: August 2023

In recent decades concerns about violence and programs for the minimization of physical restraint, amongst other restrictive practices, have proliferated within mental health policy and practice. Whilst nurses are often called upon when violence occurs within mental health care settings, they often find themselves having the conflicting roles of caring and controlling. Within such situations it is service users, who are experts by experience, who perhaps can offer more meaningful insight into being restrained and thus provide a more appropriate approach in dealing with mental distress. This paper presents the findings of a narrative study of individuals' experiences of physical restraint within the mental health care system. In total 11 mental health service users, who had experienced physical restraint, were interviewed. Frank's (2010, Letting stories breathe: a socio‐narratology) guiding questions were used to undertake a dialogical narrative analysis of each story. For the purpose of this paper, four of the 11 stories are presented as these are representative of Frank's ‘quest narrative’. However, whilst studies from the service user perspective regarding restraint are scarce, findings are discussed in relation to the grand narrative of restraint. The dialogical relationship between individual stories and the dominant grand narrative implies that the former has the capacity to shape and review the latter within mental health care. Adding to the growing body of evidence of restraint from service users' perspectives could enable nurses to provide more appropriate and meaningful mental health care in times of mental distress. [238].
Expression analysis of candidate genes as indicators for commencing drought stress in starch potatoes
Authors: Wellpott Katharina , Straube Jannis , Winkelmann Traud , Bündig Christin
Published: August 2023

Drought stress is a major problem for potato production and will be of grave importance due to climate change and the resulting temperature peaks along with drought periods in the vegetative growth phase of potato. Plants, as sessile organisms, adapt to their environment morphologically as well as biochemically. To cope better with abiotic stresses like drought, plants developed strategies like reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and fast reacting stomatal closure, as well as signalling cascades leading to a quick response to stress. This study aimed at analysing eight genes of interest, derived from a former proteomic study, and determining their suitability for detection of commencing drought stress in early growth stages of potato. For this aim, six starch potato genotypes, which differed in stress response in previous studies, were examined for plant growth and physiological parameters in two experiments in an open greenhouse after seven and 14 days of stress. Besides lower shoot biomass after drought stress, which was already visible after seven days and became stronger after 14 days, weaker root growth was also detected after 14 days. The observed differences between the experiments can presumably be explained by temperature peaks and high radiation prior to and during the first experiment, which took place earlier in the year. The expression of the eight genes was studied in young leaves of four genotypes after 7 days of water withdrawal. Gene expression patterns were dependent on the studied genes. Three genes, cell wall/vacuolar inhibitor of fructosidase (INH1), peroxidase 51‐like (POD) and subtilase family protein (SBT1.7) showed consistent changes in gene expression after seven days of stress between all genotypes. The INH1 gene was found to be upregulated in all genotypes in two independent experiments after drought stress. This correlates with the results at the protein level, where INH1 was also found to be higher abundant in two genotypes of potato (Wellpott et al., DGG‐Proceedings 10, 2021). Therefore, this gene might be an appropriate candidate for the detection of commencing drought stress in potato.
Party people: Differentiating the associations of partisan identification and partisan narcissism with political skill, integrity, and party dedication
Authors: Gronfeldt Bjarki , Cislak Aleksandra , Wyatt Madeleine , Cichocka Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

We investigated outcomes associated with different types of partisan identity in a sample of political candidates for parliament and local offices (N = 214). We distinguished partisan narcissism, a belief in the greatness of one's political party that is not appreciated by others, from partisan identification, feeling part of the party and evaluating it positively. We examined their links with self‐reported measures of politicians' functioning in their work: political skill, integrity, and party dedication. Partisan narcissism was associated with lower integrity in one's political role, meaning those high in partisan narcissism reported more inclination to engage in secrecy, deception, and political blood‐sport (behavior also known as politicking). Partisan narcissism did not predict party dedication: it was not associated with intentions to leave the party and volunteering in party activities, and in fact, it was linked to past membership in other political parties. Meanwhile, we found that partisan identification was associated with higher levels of political skill, while also predicting party dedication in that it predicted lower intentions to leave the party and volunteering in party activities but was unrelated to membership in other parties in the past. Cumulatively, these results suggest that partisan identification is associated with competence and dedication in politicians' work. Conversely, partisan narcissism seems to contribute to being cunning in the political arena and relates to more devious work habits that many find stereotypical of politicians.
SIRT6 mediated histone H3K9ac deacetylation involves myocardial remodelling through regulating myocardial energy metabolism in TAC mice
Authors: Wu Shuqi , Zhang Jiaojiao , Peng Chang , Ma Yixiang , Tian Xiaochun
Published: August 2023

Pathological myocardial remodelling is the initial factor of chronic heart failure (CHF) and is induced by multiple factors. We previously demonstrated that histone acetylation is involved in CHF in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice, a model for pressure overload‐induced heart failure. In this study, we investigated whether the histone deacetylase Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), which mediates deacetylation of histone 3 acetylated at lysine 9 (H3K9ac), is involved pathological myocardial remodelling by regulating myocardial energy metabolism and explored the underlying mechanisms. We generated a TAC mouse model by partial thoracic aortic banding. TAC mice were injected with the SIRT6 agonist MDL‐800 at a dose of 65 mg/kg for 8 weeks. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC, the level of H3K9ac increased gradually, while the expression of SIRT6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) decreased gradually. MDL‐800 reversed the effects of SIRT6 on H3K9ac in TAC mice and promoted the expression of VEGFA in the hearts of TAC mice. MDL‐800 also attenuated mitochondria damage and improved mitochondrial respiratory function through upregulating SIRT6 in the hearts of TAC mice. These results revealed a novel mechanism in which SIRT6‐mediated H3K9ac level is involved pathological myocardial remodelling in TAC mice through regulating myocardial energy metabolism. These findings may assist in the development of novel methods for preventing and treating pathological myocardial remodelling.
Epigenetic histone modification by butyrate downregulates KIT and attenuates mast cell function
Authors: Gudneppanavar Ravindra , Sabu Kattuman Emma Elizabeth , Teegala Lakshminarayan Reddy , Southard Erik , Tummala Ramakumar , Joe Bina , Thodeti Charles K. , Paruchuri Sailaja
Published: August 2023

Short‐chain fatty acid butyrate is produced from the bacterial fermentation of indigestible fiber in the intestinal lumen, and it has been shown to attenuate lung inflammation in murine asthma models. Mast cells (MCs) are initiators of inflammatory response to allergens, and they play an important role in asthma. MC survival and proliferation is regulated by its growth factor stem cell factor (SCF), which acts through the receptor, KIT. It has previously been shown that butyrate attenuates the activation of MCs by allergen stimulation. However, how butyrate mechanistically influences SCF signalling to impact MC function remains unknown. Here, we report that butyrate treatment triggered the modification of MC histones via butyrylation and acetylation, and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Further, butyrate treatment caused downregulation of SCF receptor KIT and associated phosphorylation, leading to significant attenuation of SCF‐mediated MC proliferation, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion. Mechanistically, butyrate inhibited MC function by suppressing KIT and downstream p38 and Erk phosphorylation, and it mediated these effects via modification of histones, acting as an HDAC inhibitor and not via its traditional GPR41 (FFAR3) or GPR43 (FFAR2) butyrate receptors. In agreement, the pharmacological inhibition of Class I HDAC (HDAC1/3) mirrored butyrate's effects, suggesting that butyrate impacts MC function by HDAC1/3 inhibition. Taken together, butyrate epigenetically modifies histones and downregulates the SCF/KIT/p38/Erk signalling axis, leading to the attenuation of MC function, validating its ability to suppress MC‐mediated inflammation. Therefore, butyrate supplementations could offer a potential treatment strategy for allergy and asthma via epigenetic alterations in MCs.
Machine learning for the prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease during 3‐year follow up in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Ding Jinru , Luo Yingying , Shi Huwei , Chen Ruiyao , Luo Shuqing , Yang Xu , Xiao Zhongzhou , Liang Bilin , Yan Qiujuan , Xu Jie , Ji Linong
Published: August 2023

Aims/Introduction

Clinical guidelines for the management of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus endorse the systematic assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk for early interventions. In this study, we aimed to develop machine learning models to predict 3‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods

Clinical records of 4,722 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to 94 hospitals were used. The features included demographic information, disease histories, laboratory tests and physical examinations. Logistic regression, support vector machine, gradient boosting decision tree, random forest and adaptive boosting were applied for model construction. The performance of these models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Additionally, we applied SHapley Additive exPlanation values to explain the prediction model.

Results

All five models achieved good performance in both internal and external test sets (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.8). Random forest showed the highest discrimination ability, with sensitivity and specificity being 0.838 and 0.814, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanation analyses showed that previous history of diabetic peripheral vascular disease, older populations and longer diabetes duration were the three most influential predictors.

Conclusions

The prediction models offer opportunities to personalize treatment and maximize the benefits of these medical interventions.
Impact of different Trichogramma chilonis populations from sugarcane fields on parasitism of Corcyra cephalonica
Authors: Qin Zhenqiang , Li Dewei , Luo Yawei , Cuthbertson Andrew G. S.
Published: August 2023

Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is the most important parasitoid of sugarcane borers in China. T. chilonis are produced from either rearing on Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Hymenoptera: Galleriidae) eggs in the laboratory or at factory level and released into the field to control sugarcane borers in China. Limited reports on the efficacy of different populations of T. chilonis in the sugarcane field against C. cephalonica are available. This study reports the parasitism efficacy and functional response of different T. chilonis populations against C. cephalonica under laboratory conditions. The number of eggs parasitized by the laboratory population of T. chilonis (total 57.05 eggs) on C. cephalonica was the highest among the different populations investigated; parasitism by the Baise population was the lowest (total 21.30 eggs). The parasitoid emergence rate of T. chilonis Baise population on C. cephalonica (102.16%) was the highest among the different populations, whereas that from the C. cephalonica laboratory population was the lowest (84.73%). The sex ratio (female/male) of T. chilonis laboratory population (3.51) was significantly higher than the other three sugarcane field populations. The functional responses of T. chilonis on C. cephalonica were determined as Holling type II. The search rate of T. chilonis laboratory population (1.0392) parasitizing on the eggs of C. cephalonica was higher than other Trichogramma populations, whereas the handling time (0.00809) was shorter than that of the other populations. The results from this study indicate that the origin of the population of T. chilonis can affect its parasitic ability upon C. cephalonica; therefore, further evaluation for control efficacy of different populations of T. chilonis against sugarcane borers, especially in the field, is warranted.
Development of a species‐level field diagnostic kit for Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive and regulatory pest in the United States
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z. , Dorado Christina , von Ellenrieder Natalia , Quinn Nicole F. , Roda Amy , Schoeller Erich N. , McKenzie Cindy L. , Osborne Lance S. , Diepenbrock Lauren M.
Published: August 2023

Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) is an exotic pest currently limited to Florida and Texas in the continental USA. In a previous study, we tested 57 mealybug species in Florida and showed only N. viridis turned green in a potassium hydroxide solution (10% KOH), providing a rapid species confirmation test for all life stages. The unanswered question was whether the potassium in 10% KOH or its pH turned the mealybug's haemolymph green. We tested alternative solutions with different pHs in the laboratory and field conditions. We discovered that pH, not potassium, was turning the haemolymph green. A 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with a pH of 14 turned N. viridis haemolymph green in less than a minute. We discussed replacing 10% KOH with 5% NaOH in the field test and slide‐mounting to avoid potential hazards associated with KOH. In addition, we incorporated this solution into a field diagnostic kit and developed and tested the kit for commercial production systems in citrus and ornamental plant industries. This kit will aid in controlling N. viridis in the field and contribute to efforts to halt its further spread in Florida and the United States.
Influence of ceramic thickness and dental substrate on the survival rate and failure load of non‐retentive occlusal veneers after fatigue
Authors: Gierthmuehlen Petra C. , Spitznagel Frank A. , Koschate Maximilian , Bonfante Estevam A. , Prott Lea S.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of ceramic thickness and dental substrate (enamel vs. dentin/enamel) on the survival rate and failure load of non‐retentive occlusal veneers.

Materials and Methods

Human maxillary molars (n = 60) were divided into five test‐groups (n = 12). The groups (named DE‐1.5, DE‐1.0, DE‐0.5, E‐1.0, E‐0.5) differed in their dental substrate (E = enamel, DE = dentin/enamel) and restoration thickness (standard: 1.5 mm, thin: 1.0 mm, ultrathin: 0.5 mm). All teeth were prepared for non‐retentive monolithic lithium‐disilicate occlusal veneers (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar). Restorations were adhesively cemented (Syntac Classic/Variolink II, Ivoclar) and exposed to thermomechanical fatigue (1.2 million cycles, 1.6 Hz, 49 N/ 5–55°C). Single load to failure was performed using a universal testing‐machine. A linear‐regression model was applied, pairwise comparisons used the Student–Newman–Keuls method (p < 0.05).

Results

Three dentin‐based occlusal veneers (one DE‐1.0, two DE‐0.5) revealed cracks after fatigue exposure, which corresponds to an overall‐survival rate of 95%. Load to failure resulted in the following ranking: 2142 N(DE‐0.5) > 2105 N(E‐1.0) > 2075 N(E‐0.5) > 1440 N(DE‐1.5) > 1430 N(DE‐1.0). Thin (E‐1.0) and ultrathin enamel‐based occlusal veneers (E‐0.5) revealed high failure loads and surpassed the standard thickness dentin‐based veneers (DE‐1.5) significantly (p = 0.044, p = 0.022).

Conclusion

All tested monolithic lithium disilicate occlusal veneers obtained failure loads above physiological chewing forces. Thin and ultrathin enamel‐based occlusal veneers outperformed the standard thick dentin‐based occlusal veneers.

Clinical Significance

Minimally invasive enamel‐based occlusal veneer restorations with non‐retentive preparation design may serve as a conservative treatment option.
R&D, Market Power, and the Cyclicality of Employment
Authors: AYSUN ULUC , GULDI MELANIE , HONIG ADAM , YOM ZEYNEP
Published: August 2023

This paper provides a first look into the joint effects of research and development (R&D) and market power on the cyclicality of employment. It presents a theoretical model with R&D and monopolistically competitive firms which shows that firms smooth their R&D activities when they face large R&D adjustment costs. This smoothing behavior comes at the expense of higher labor volatility, and it is stronger for firms with high R&D intensity and low market power. Firm‐level data support these predictions. Dynamic panel estimations reveal that employment at competitive firms engaging in a high level of R&D is more procyclical.
Treating rosacea with botulism toxin: Protocol for a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Guanjin , Yang Qifeng , Wu Jin , Huang Yuanen , Zheng Huilan , Cheng Hongbin
Published: August 2023

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease usually associated with persistent erythema and periodic flushing. This disease is difficult to treat, and the outcomes are often unsatisfactory and prone to recurrence. In recent years, botulinum toxin has been used as a new treatment for rosacea; however, its efficacy and safety remain under discussion. Although a systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin has been previously conducted by other researchers, our systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin from a more comprehensive and detailed perspective to provide evidence for clinicians.

Methods

Any study using botulinum toxin for the treatment of rosacea was considered for the analysis.

Results

A total of 22 studies were included, 9 of which were randomized controlled trials involving 720 subjects. After treatment, all studies showed varying degrees of improvement in patient signs and symptoms along with reduced Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) scores. The improvement was maintained for several months, and the adverse effects were mild and self‐limiting.

Conclusion

Botulinum toxin may be an effective treatment for patients with rosacea; however, further clinical evidence is needed to confirm its long‐term efficacy and side effects. The study was preregistered with Prospero (CRD42022358911).
Treatment of mild to severe acne with 1726 nm laser: A safe alternative to traditional acne therapies
Authors: Goldberg David J. , Andriessen Anneke , Bhatia Ashish C. , Gold Michael H. , Lewis Amy B. , Lolis Margarita S. , Miller Jason H. , Ros Adriana
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Acne is the most common reason for dermatology consultation in adolescents and young adults. Consultation is often delayed despite unsuccessful self‐treatment. Postponing effective treatment places acne sufferers at higher risk for permanent acne scars and post‐inflammatory pigment changes.

Aim

This review discusses clinical challenges with present therapeutic options for acne treatment and the role of a 1726 nm laser for acne.

Methods

Current acne treatment guidelines were reviewed. A literature review was conducted for trials of light‐based acne therapy. The selectivity of previous light‐based therapies was reviewed.

Results

Available acne therapy is effective, but treatment‐related side effects are common. Acne treatment guidelines do not include recommendations for light‐based treatments. Different types of light‐based treatments have been tried but until now no wavelength specifically targeted sebaceous glands.

Conclusion

The 1726 nm laser is safe and effective for treating mild to severe acne in all Fitzpatrick skin types. Acne resolution is apparent within the first month and improves for up to 2 years beyond treatment.
Self‐reported dignity and factors that influence dignity in hospitalised older adults: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Fuseini Abdul‐Ganiyu , Rawson Helen , Redley Bernice , Ley Lenore , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Kerr Debra
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study examined levels of self‐reported dignity and explored factors expected to influence dignity experienced by older adults during acute hospitalisation in Ghana.

Background

Dignified care has been recognised as inseparable from quality nursing care and maintaining patients' dignity has been highlighted in professional codes of conduct for nurses. However, there is a lack of research on self‐reported dignity and the factors that influence the dignity of older adults during acute hospitalisation in Africa.

Setting

A large teaching hospital in the northern region of Ghana.

Participants

Hospitalised older adults.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was used to gather data from a convenience sample of 270 older inpatients, using the Hospitalized Older Adults’ Dignity Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and stepwise ordinal logistic regression to investigate stratified dignity outcomes. The study was reported following the STROBE checklist.

Results

More than half of the older adults surveyed reported low to moderate levels of dignity. Demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, religious status, occupation, level of education and type of hospital ward did not show any significant associations with dignity levels. However, there was a significant association found between dignity levels and sex and the number of hospitalisations.

Conclusion

Most older adults in a Ghanian hospital experienced loss of dignity during their acute hospitalisation. Male older adults reported higher dignity levels during acute hospitalisation than their female counterparts. Further, older adults who were admitted to hospital for the second time reported less dignity compared to those admitted three or more times.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results emphasise the importance of healthcare professionals having the necessary knowledge and skills to provide gender‐sensitive care, which ultimately promotes the dignity of all patients. Additionally, the results underscore the urgency of implementing measures that guarantee patients' dignity during all hospital admissions.

Patient or public contribution

Survey questionnaires were completed by hospitalised older adults at the study setting.
Does the timing of neuraxial analgesia initiation in elective induction of multiparous women prolong the duration of delivery?
Authors: Mukai Yuki , Takita Hiroko , Tokunaka Mayumi , Odaki Chihiro , Kato Rie , Hosokawa Yuki , Matsuoka Ryu , Sekizawa Akihiko
Published: August 2023

Aim

To investigate whether the early initiation of neuraxial analgesia prolongs the duration of electively induced labor in Japanese multiparous women.

Methods

This retrospective study included multiparous term women who underwent elective induction of labor using combined spinal‐epidural analgesia at the Showa University Hospital between October 2018 and March 2021. The participants were divided into two groups: early and late. If neuraxial analgesia was initiated when the cervical dilation was ≤3 cm, the patient was included in the early group. The remaining patients were included in the late group. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was the duration of delivery. The secondary outcomes were the rates of instrumental and cesarean deliveries.

Results

Two hundred and ninety‐seven women (early group = 139, late group = 158) were included in the analysis. The duration of the first stage of labor did not differ significantly between the early and late groups (median: 232 vs. 260 min, p = 0.35). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the duration of the second stage (37 vs. 40 min, p = 0.20). Moreover, the rates of instrumental and cesarean deliveries did not differ significantly between the groups, and the neonatal outcomes were comparable.

Conclusion

Early initiation of neuraxial analgesia in the elective induction of parous Japanese women did not prolong the duration of delivery. Our results suggest that neuraxial analgesia may be initiated whenever a parturient desires it.
Welfare analysis of the subsidies in the Chinese electric vehicle industry*
Authors: Guo Xiaodan , Xiao Junji
Published: August 2023

We employ a structural model and counterfactual analysis to identify the impact of subsidies on the Chinese electric vehicle (EV) sales and examine their welfare effects. Our findings suggest that subsidies are effective in promoting the diffusion of domestic EVs, but may adversely affect technological advancement. When the subsidies on domestic EVs are reduced, the welfare on domestic EV consumers and producers decreases. However, the reduction in government spending on EV subsidies outweighs this private welfare loss. Thus, the overall welfare increases. Subsidies cannot be justified from the perspective of reducing externalities because they increase rather than decrease pollution.
Copolymer liquid embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas: A 20‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Voldřich Richard , Charvát František , Netuka David
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with cortical venous drainage (CVD) carry significant risks of cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage. Endovascular treatment (EVT) using Onyx, a copolymer‐based liquid embolic material, has become the preferred approach. However, the optimal treatment strategy for anterior cranial fossa DAVFs remains debated.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed outcomes of EVT for DAVFs in a single center from 2002 to 2023. Patient data including demographics, clinical status, angiographic findings, embolization techniques, and outcomes were recorded. The results of the anterior fossa malformations were analyzed separately afterward.

Results

A total of 195 DAVFs were included in the study. The most common presenting symptom was hemorrhage (41%), most fistulas were located in the transverse and sigmoid sinus region (48%), and the majority of DAVFs had direct CVD (78%). Transarterial embolization with Onyx was the preferred treatment strategy in majority of cases (92%). Overall, 94% of patients showed improvement or stability on the modified Rankin Scale. Two patients died due to rebleeding after partial DAVF embolization. Onyx demonstrated higher immediate complete occlusion rate compared to other embolic materials (88% vs. 35%). Overall, 91% of fistulas were closed at the last follow‐up. Ten anterior fossa DAVFs were treated, resulting in clinical improvement and complete occlusion in all cases.

Conclusion

Based on the results of our study, we believe that a cure of DAVFs, including those in the anterior fossa, can be achieved in more than 90% of cases through transarterial Onyx embolization, given long‐term clinical experience.
Isometric tongue endurance and incomplete laryngeal vestibule closure in Parkinson's disease
Authors: da Costa Flavia Pereira , Casseb Raphael Fernandes , de Lima Daniella Priscila , Ponsoni Adriana , Guimarães Rachel Paes , Mourão Lucia Figueiredo
Published: August 2023

Background

Dysphagia is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). A delay in laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) and a reduction in tongue pressure, may affect swallowing safety and increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration.

Objective

To verify the relationship between tongue pressure and airway protection in PD patients: (1) comparing tongue pressure measures and physiological events in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing between PD and controls and (2) analysing the association between tongue pressure and LVC in the PD group.

Methods

Twenty‐three patients with idiopathic PD (64.9 years) and 24 healthy controls (64.1 years) participated in this study. All participants underwent the following procedures to verify tongue pressure measurements using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument: maximum anterior and posterior pressure, isotonic and isometric tongue endurance and anterior and posterior tongue pressure during saliva swallowing. To verify swallowing safety, videofluoroscopic swallowing studies focusing on the pharyngeal phase were performed based on the MBSImP protocol.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, PD exhibited a statistically significant decline in tongue pressure tasks: posterior maximum pressure, isotonic endurance, anterior and posterior isometric endurance and tongue pressure during posterior swallowing. Patients with PD had worse pharyngeal scores, including LVC scores, than controls. PD and incomplete LVC had lower anterior isometric endurance scores when compared to those with complete LVC.

Conclusion

PD with incomplete LVC scored lower in the anterior isometric endurance task. We observed a potential clinical use of this task for the assessment and management of dysphagia in patients with PD.
Differentiation of T cells producing interleukin‐17 (Th17) against the background of exogenous melatonin during pregnancy
Authors: Glebezdina Natalya Sergeevna , Nekrasova Irina Valerievna , Olina Anna Alexandrovna , Sadykova Gulnara Kamilyevna , Kuklina Elena Michajlovna
Published: August 2023

The population of T lymphocytes producing IL‐17 (Th17) plays a dual role during pregnancy and its activity is tightly controlled during this period. One of the factors involved in this process may be the pineal hormone melatonin, which can effectively regulate this T cell population. Here we have shown that exogenous melatonin in pharmacological concentrations is able to enhance the differentiation of Th17 cells of pregnant women in vitro. The stimulatory effects of melatonin were limited to in the first trimester of pregnancy and were apparently mediated by both membrane and nuclear melatonin receptors. Since exogenous melatonin is currently considered as a promising drug in solving various problems associated with reproduction, it is necessary to take into account its immunoregulatory effects.
Changing the geographic scope of collaboration: Implications for product innovation novelty and commercialization
Authors: Kesidou Effie , Love James H. , Ozusaglam Serdal , Wong Chee Yew
Published: August 2023

Prior research points out the benefits of external collaboration for innovation, yet little is known of: (a) the changes in the scope of external collaboration over time (i.e., firms increasing, seeking stability, or decreasing the geographic scope of their collaboration), and (b) how such changes in the geographic scope of collaboration affect product innovation novelty and commercialization. Here, we build on organizational learning theory, with the objective of exploring how changes in the geographic scope of collaboration over time affect the novelty of product innovation and its commercial success. Econometric analysis of a large panel of UK firms reveals three novel findings: First, while stability in the geographic scope of collaboration is common, there is a marked incidence of change, that is, firms are increasing or decreasing the geographic scope of collaboration. Second, while moving toward more geographically distant collaboration is beneficial mostly for radical innovation, maintaining stability in the geographic scope of collaboration is particularly beneficial for incremental innovation. Third, we demonstrate that becoming less international in the geographic scope might be beneficial for innovation commercialization. Finally, we identify six pathways to geographic collaboration that map to innovation outcomes.
Autumn grass treated with a hydrolysable tannin extract versus lactic acid bacteria inoculant: Effects on silage fermentation characteristics and nutritional value and on performance of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Van den Bossche Tine , Goossens Karen , Haesaert Geert , Wambacq Eva , Vandaele Leen , De Boever Johan L.
Published: August 2023

Hydrolysable tannins (HT) show potential as silage additive for autumn herbage silages, high in (rumen degradable) protein, as they may reduce proteolysis. Additionally, they have abilities to form pH‐reversible tannin–protein complexes, non‐degradable in the rumen but degradable in the abomasum and intestines of ruminants. Therefore they can improve milk N efficiency and shift N excretions from urine to faeces, possibly mitigating the environmental impact of ruminants. In this study, two small bunker silos were filled with autumn grass. One was treated with 20 g/kg DM HT extract (TAN) (TannoSan‐L), the other with 8 mg/kg DM inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria (INO) (Bonsilage Fit G). Secondly, micro‐silos (2.75 L) were filled with four treatments; (1) grass without additive (CON) (n = 5); (2) TAN (n = 5); (3) INO (n = 5); and (4) TAN + INO (n = 5). The bunker silos were used in a cross‐over feeding experiment with periods of 4 weeks involving 22 lactating Holstein cows (average ± SD: 183 ± 36.3 days in milk, 665 ± 71.0 kg body weight, and 33.8 ± 3.91 kg/day milk yield). The HT dose was insufficient to reduce proteolysis or alter chemical composition and nutritional value in the micro‐ and bunker silages. Including grass silage added with TAN (3.2 g HT/kg DM) in the diet, did not affect feed intake nor fat and protein corrected milk yield in comparison to feeding the grass silage added with INO in a similar diet. The TAN‐fed cows had an increased faecal N excretion and decreased apparent total‐tract N and organic matter digestibility, but no improvement in the cows’ N utilization could be confirmed in milk and blood urea levels. Overall, feeding an autumn grass silage treated with 20 g/kg chestnut HT extract did not affect the performance of dairy cows in comparison to feeding an autumn grass silage treated with a lactic acid bacteria inoculant.
Kidney transplantation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: An overview of the Australian experience
Authors: McMullen Lucy , Drak Douglas , Basu Gopal , Coates P. Toby , Goodman David J. , Graver Alison , Isbel Nicole , Lim Wai H. , Luxton Grant , Sciberras Frederika , Toussaint Nigel D. , Wong Germaine , Gracey David M.
Published: August 2023

Kidney transplantation in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is occurring with increasing frequency. Limited international data suggest comparable patient and graft survival in kidney transplant recipients with and without HIV. All PLWHIV aged ≥18 years who received a kidney transplant between 2000 and 2020 were identified by retrospective data initially extracted from Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), with additional HIV‐specific clinical data extracted from linked local health‐care records. Twenty‐five PLWHIV and kidney failure received their first kidney transplant in Australia between January 2000 and December 2020. Majority were male (85%), with median age 54 years (interquartile range, IQR 43–57). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common primary kidney disease (20%), followed by polycystic kidney disease (16%). 80% of patients underwent induction with basiliximab and none with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG). Participants were followed for median time of 3.5 years (IQR 2.0–6.5). Acute rejection occurred in 24% of patients. Two patients lost their allografts and three died. Virological escape occurred in 28% of patients, with a maximum viral load of 190 copies/mL. In conclusion, kidney transplantation in PLWHIV in Australia is occurring with increasing frequency. Acute rejection is more common than in Australia's general transplant population, but this does not appear to be associated with higher rates of graft failure or mortality out to four years.
Laparoscopic observations of adhesions between peritoneal dialysis catheters and intraperitoneal organs: A retrospective, observational study
Authors: Maeda Takuya , Io Hiroaki , Hara Kazuaki , Nakata Junichiro , Ishizaka Masanori , Shimizu Yuki , Shirotani Yuka , Fukuzaki Haruna , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: August 2023

Laparoscopy provides extensive data for the decannulation of a peritoneal dialysis catheter and is being increasingly used to diagnose encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. However, there are few reports on the methods of decannulation of peritoneal dialysis catheters. In this study, we examined the laparoscopic findings and postoperative complications of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis catheter removal. A total of 119 laparoscopic decannulations of peritoneal dialysis catheters were performed between 2003 and 2018 at the Juntendo University Hospital and Juntendo University Nerima Hospital. Laparoscopy was performed during peritoneal dialysis catheter removal by a gastrointestinal surgeon. Patient characteristics such as age, sex, duration of peritoneal dialysis, history of peritonitis and age at the time of peritoneal dialysis termination were assessed. Of these 119 cases, 19 (16.0%) showed adhesion between the peritoneal dialysis catheter and intraperitoneal organs. There were 13 (10.9%) cases involving a tangled omentum, 4 (3.4%) cases involving the small intestine and 2 (1.7%) cases of adhesions extending from the bowels to the abdominal wall. No postoperative complications were associated with the laparoscopic surgery. In these cases, blind decannulation of the peritoneal dialysis catheter may result in injury to the gastrointestinal tract in patients with adhesions. Therefore, we need to pay attention to adhesions between peritoneal dialysis catheters and intraperitoneal organs, and laparoscopy could be a valuable tool in detecting such adhesions and ensuring patient safety.

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Wound‐response jasmonate dynamics in the primary vasculature
Authors: Morin Hugo , Chételat Aurore , Stolz Stéphanie , Marcourt Laurence , Glauser Gaëtan , Wolfender Jean‐Luc , Farmer Edward E.
Published: August 2023

The links between wound‐response electrical signalling and the activation of jasmonate synthesis are unknown. We investigated damage‐response remodelling of jasmonate precursor pools in the Arabidopsis thaliana leaf vasculature.

Galactolipids and jasmonate precursors in primary veins from undamaged and wounded plants were analysed using MS‐based metabolomics and NMR. In parallel, DAD1‐LIKE LIPASEs (DALLs), which control the levels of jasmonate precursors in veins, were identified.

A novel galactolipid containing the jasmonate precursor 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA) was identified in veins: sn‐2‐O‐(cis‐12‐oxo‐phytodienoyl)‐sn‐3‐O‐(β‐galactopyranosyl) glyceride (sn‐2‐OPDA‐MGMG). Lower levels of sn‐1‐OPDA‐MGMG were also detected. Vascular OPDA‐MGMGs, sn‐2‐18:3‐MGMG and free OPDA pools were reduced rapidly in response to damage‐activated electrical signals. Reduced function dall2 mutants failed to build resting vascular sn‐2‐OPDA‐MGMG and OPDA pools and, upon wounding, dall2 produced less jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) than the wild‐type. DALL3 acted to suppress excess JA‐Ile production after wounding, whereas dall2 dall3 double mutants strongly reduce jasmonate signalling in leaves distal to wounds.

LOX6 and DALL2 function to produce OPDA and the non‐bilayer‐forming lipid sn‐2‐OPDA‐MGMG in the primary vasculature. Membrane depolarizations trigger rapid depletion of these molecules. We suggest that electrical signal‐dependent lipid phase changes help to initiate vascular jasmonate synthesis in wounded leaves.
Doubling down on polyploidy
Authors: Spoelhof Jonathan P. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: August 2023

This article is a Commentary on Halabi et al. (2023), 240: 918–927.
Citizen science approaches to crowdsourcing food environment data: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Monaghan Jacqueline , Backholer Kathryn , McKelvey Amy‐Louise , Christidis Rebecca , Borda Ann , Calyx Cobi , Crocetti Alessandro , Driessen Christine , Zorbas Christina
Published: August 2023

Globally, the adoption and implementation of policies to improve the healthiness of food environments and prevent population weight gain have been inadequate. This is partly because of the complexity associated with monitoring dynamic food environments. Crowdsourcing is a citizen science approach that can increase the extent and nature of food environment data collection by engaging citizens as sensors or volunteered computing experts. There has been no literature synthesis to guide the application of crowdsourcing to food environment monitoring. We systematically conducted a scoping review to address this gap. Forty‐two articles met our eligibility criteria. Photovoice techniques were the most employed methodological approaches (n = 25 studies), commonly used to understand overall access to healthy food. A small number of studies made purpose‐built apps to collect price or nutritional composition data and were scaled to receive large amounts of data points. Twenty‐nine studies crowdsourced food environment data by engaging priority populations (e.g., households receiving low incomes). There is growing potential to develop scalable crowdsourcing platforms to understand food environments through the eyes of everyday people. Such crowdsourced data may improve public and policy engagement with equitable food policy actions.
Extended brief interventions for weight management and obesity prevention in children: A rapid evidence review
Authors: Grey Elisabeth , Griffin Tania , Jolly Kate , Pallan Miranda , Parretti Helen , Retzer Ameeta , Gillison Fiona
Published: August 2023

Uptake of child weight management (CWM) support is typically low, and services are not available in all areas. Extended brief interventions (EBIs) have been proposed as an affordable way to provide enhanced support, at a level between one‐off brief advice and intensive CWM programs. This rapid systematic review sought to synthesize evidence on the efficacy of EBIs for weight management and obesity prevention in children (2–18 years). Embase and Web of Science were searched from January 2012 to January 2022. Nineteen studies, reporting on 17 separate EBIs, were included. The quality of studies was variable, and the EBIs were heterogeneous. The majority of EBIs (n = 14) were based on motivational interviewing. Five of the included studies reported significant improvements in parent or child determinants of health behavior change. However, robust measures of behavioral determinants were rarely used. No studies reported significant positive effects on child weight. No clear patterns in outcomes were identified. There is currently insufficient evidence for EBIs to be adopted as part of CWM services. To improve the evidence base, EBIs that are currently being implemented by local health services, should be evaluated to establish the most effective content, how it should be delivered, and by whom.
Creation, intersubjectivity and the novel: Unamuno on life in Cómo se hace una novela
Authors: Andersen Katrine Helene
Published: August 2023

This article shows that, in Miguel de Unamuno, both philosophy and literature contribute to an intellectual project that has to do with life. I will argue that Unamuno, in Cómo se hace una novela, presents a philosophy of life that understands human life as an intersubjective creation. We create life in the same way we do a novel, that is to say, through intersubjective dialectics. Cómo se hace una novela reveals an idea about life in which our ontological potential manifests itself in the novelistic creation and where the text becomes an intersubjective common ground.
When silence speaks louder than words: Exploring the experiences and attitudes of ghosters
Authors: Wu Karen , Bamishigbin Olajide
Published: August 2023

Ghosting has become commonplace beyond romantic relationships. Therefore, we aimed to broadly understand ghosters' (i.e., people who ghost others) experiences including the process of ghosting, reasons and attributions for ghosting, feelings and behaviors associated with ghosting, and attitudes toward ghosting. Thirty‐four undergraduates (65% Latinx, 15% Asian, 12% Black, 8% Other ethnicity) who had ghosted another person were interviewed in‐person about their ghosting attitudes, ghosting behaviors, and a memorable ghosting experience. Inductive thematic analyses informed by grounded theory yielded eight themes: A Clear Cause, Avoidance of Confrontation, Short‐term Orientation, Ghostees as Socially Inferior, Ignoring then Blocking, Attempts by Ghostee to Reach Out, Mixed and Evolving Feelings, and Recognition of Harm. Our findings indicate that psychological consequences for ghosters should be further examined.
“Free will” is vague
Authors: Amaya Santiago
Published: August 2023

This paper argues that “free will” is vague. The argument has two steps. First, I argue that free will is a matter of degrees and, second, that there are no sharp boundaries separating free decisions and actions and non‐free ones. After presenting the argument, I focus on one significant consequence of the thesis, although others are mentioned along the way. In short, considerations of vagueness help understand the logic behind so‐called manipulation arguments, but also show why these arguments are ultimately flawed.
Determination from Above
Authors: Silver Kenneth
Published: August 2023

There are many historical concerns about freedom that have come to be deemphasized in the free will literature itself—for instance, worries around the tyranny of government or the alienation of capitalism. It is hard to see how the current free will literature respects these, or indeed how they could even find expression. This paper seeks to show how these and other concerns can be reintegrated into the debate by appealing to a levels ontology. Recently, Christian List and others have considered how the notion of levels could be relevant to the free will debate. Invariably, however, the focus is on the significance of facts at lower levels. The threats come from below, from fundamental physics or neuroscience. Here, I aim to show how we can frame many interesting concerns about free will in terms of threats from above. After arguing that determination from above is no less threatening, I catalogue such concerns that might constitute threats to our freedom. Doing this not only allows us to show how these concerns relate to those standardly discussed, but it pushes us to expand our conception of freedom.