bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfect depolarization in single scattering of light from uncorrelated surface and volume disorder
Authors: Banon Jean-Philippe , Simonsen Ingve , Carminati Rémi
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate that single scattering of

p

-polarized waves from uncorrelated surface and volume disorder can lead to perfect depolarization. The degree of polarization vanishes in specific scattering directions that can be characterized based on simple geometric arguments. Depolarization results from a different polarization response of each source of disorder, which provides a clear physical interpretation of the depolarization mechanism.
High sensitivity magnetometer using nanocomposite polymers with large magneto-optic response: retraction
Authors: Amirsolaimani Babak , Gangopadhyay Palash , Persoons Andre P. , Showghi Sasaan A. , LaComb Lloyd J. , Norwood Robert A. , Peyghambarian Nasser
Published: October 2020

The referenced article [Opt. Lett. 43, 4615
(2018)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.43.004615] has been retracted by
the authors.
Negócios de Impacto: Um Conceito em Construção
Authors: Barki Edgard , Rodrigues Juliana , Comini Graziella Maria
Published: October 2020

Objetivo:  esclarecer o papel, os limites e os desafios da conceituação de negócios de impacto.Metodologia: ensaio teórico que discorre sobre as diferentes perspectivas de agregação de valor socioambiental por parte das empresas partindo de uma visão de compensação de externalidades negativas até a inserção na estratégia organizacional e novos atores do ecossistema de negócios de impacto.Principais resultados: Ausência de um consenso para uma definição única marca o desenvolvimento da literatura acadêmica e do campo prático. Atores do ecossistema de negócios de impacto consideram importante ter uma definição para aumentar o engajamento de novos atores, mas se deparam com o dilema de escolher entre uma definição mais restrita ou mais ampla.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: negócios de impacto devem ser analisados a partir de uma perspectiva de hibridismo organizacional que combina diferentes lógicas institucionais. Há um espectro amplo de possibilidades de incorporação da lógica de mercado e da lógica social na concepção de um modelo de negócio tornando muito frágil qualquer tipo de definição operacional e arriscado o estabelecimento de contornos rígidos que não dialoguem com outros atores que já atuam na agenda socioambiental.Relevância/originalidade: o artigo posiciona os negócios de impacto como um conceito polissêmico, incompatível com uma única terminologia, estudado com uma perspectiva de hibridismo organizacional.Contribuições sociais: os negócios de impacto despontam como uma alternativa de mercado para a contribuição na solução dos problemas socioambientais, mas que devem ser vistos em colaboração e complementariedade entre muitos atores.
Effects of Statin Use on the Development and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Lee Jung Il , Lee Hyun Woong , Lee Kwan Sik , Lee Hye Sun , Park Ju-Young
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The use of statins in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may reduce cardiovascular morbidity, although their effect on NAFLD itself is not well known. We aimed to investigate the role of statins on the development of de novo NAFLD and progression of significant liver fibrosis.

METHODS:

This study included 11,593,409 subjects from the National Health Information Database of the Republic of Korea entered in 2010 and followed up until 2016. NAFLD was diagnosed by calculating fatty liver index (FLI), and significant liver fibrosis was evaluated using the BARD score. Controls were randomly selected at a ratio of 1:5 from individuals who were at risk of becoming the case subjects at the time of selection.

RESULTS:

Among 5,339,901 subjects that had a FLI < 30 and included in the non-NAFLD cohort, 164,856 subjects eventually had NAFLD developed. The use of statin was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD development (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.67) and was independent of associated diabetes mellitus (DM) (with DM: AOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.41–0.46, without DM: AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.69–0.72). From 712,262 subjects with a FLI > 60 and selected in the NAFLD cohort, 111,257 subjects showed a BARD score ≥ 2 and were defined as liver fibrosis cases. The use of statins reduced the risk of significant liver fibrosis (AOR 0.43; 95% CI 0.42–0.44), independent of DM (with DM: AOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.31–0.32, without DM: AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.51–0.52).

DISCUSSION:

In this large population-based study, statin use decreased the risk of NAFLD occurrence and the risk of liver fibrosis once NAFLD developed.
Risk Factors for Delta Hepatitis in a North American Cohort: Who Should Be Screened?
Authors: Da Ben L. , Rahman Farial , Lai Walter C. , Kleiner David E. , Heller Theo , Koh Christopher
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends hepatitis D virus (HDV) screening in certain high-risk groups; however, the effectiveness is unknown.

METHODS:

A study of North American patients with hepatitis B (HBV) referred to the NIH was performed to identify risk factors associated with HDV infection. Active HDV was “confirmed” by serum HDV RNA or histologic HDV antigen staining.

RESULTS:

Six hundred fifty-two were studied, of which 91 were HDV “confirmed.” Independent risk factors for HDV included: intravenous drug users, HBV-DNA <2,000 IU/mL, alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L, and HDV endemic country of origin.

DISUSSION:

North American patients with HBV and significant risk factors should be screened for HDV.
Tratamento da Classe II divisão 1 em paciente hiperdivergente e com retrognatismo mandibular: propulsor mandibular associado a miniparafusos – parte 1
Authors: Villela Henrique Mascarenhas
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A correção da má oclusão da Classe II divisão 1 em pacientes com crescimento hiperdiver-gente e deficiência mandibular requer uma abordagem diferente dos tratamentos ortodônticos tradicionais, que não apresentam bons resultados. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo apresenta, por meio do relato de um caso clínico, uma sugestão de protocolo para corrigir esse tipo de deformidade dentofacial, associando a contenção do crescimento vertical da maxila com mini-parafusos ao estímulo de crescimento da mandíbula com propulsor mandibular. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Foi efetuada a intrusão da maxila de uma paciente que se encontrava no pico de crescimento, utilizando mini- parafusos na região anterior, entre incisivos laterais e caninos; na região posterior vestibular, entre primeiros molares e segundo pré-molares; e no palato, entre os primeiros e segundos molares. Essa abordagem gerou uma maior quantidade de intrusão na região anterior da maxila, promovendo uma rotação anti-horária no plano oclusal de 4,5° (PHF.Pl Ocl de 13° para 8,5°). Juntamente com essa mecânica, foi instalado um propulsor mandibular rígido fixado aos arcos do apare- lho ortodôntico e posicionado entre os molares superiores. Na mandíbula, o propulsor foi fixado na distal dos primeiros pré-molares e ancorado em miniparafusos posicionados entre os primeiros molares e segundos pré-molares, por vestibular. RESULTADOS: Essa associação promoveu uma redução do plano mandibular em 4° (FMA de 31° para 27°) e no ANB de 6° (ANB de 12° para 6°). As compensações dentárias foram inibidas, com o objetivo de potencializar a correção ortopédica. A inclinação dos incisivos superiores e inferiores teve uma redução de 2° (IMPA de 97° para 95° e 1 .Pp de 108° para 106°). A convexidade facial reduziu 6° (Â Conv. Face de 151° para 157°). CONCLUSÃO: A instalação do propulsor mandibular promoveu uma alteração na face da paciente, que se sentiu estimulada pela melhora imediata do seu perfil. O prognóstico desse tratamento depende da quantidade de intrusão na maxila, associada ao potencial de crescimento da mandíbula.
Conhecimento e conduta de ortodontistas sobre traumatismo dentoalveolar e movimentação ortodôntica em dentes traumatizados
Authors: Parreão Márcia Pereira , Souza Paulo Diego , Barbosa Jurandir Antonio , Basting Roberta Tarkany
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: as principais causas de reabsorções dentárias estão relacionadas ao traumatismo dentoalveolar e ao tratamento ortodôntico. OBJETIVO: avaliar aspectos relacionados ao ensino, conhecimento e condutas dos ortodontistas cadastrados no Conselho Regional de Odontologia do estado do Maranhão (CRO-MA) sobre traumatismo dentoalveolar e movimentação ortodôntica em dentes traumatizados. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional realizado com aplicação de um questionário, apresentado por meio de formulário no Google Forms e enviado aos 173 ortodontistas cadastrados no CRO-MA. O questionário contemplava questões de diagnóstico, conduta e preocupação com o histórico de traumatismos, perfil acadêmico e ensino sobre movimentação ortodôntica diante de tal agravo. Os dados foram analisados por tabelas de distribuição de frequências (absolutas e relativas) e teste Exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A taxa de resposta foi de 27,74%. Apenas 25,0% (n=12) dos profissionais receberam ensino específico sobre movimentação ortodôntica em dentes traumatizados, e 77,1% (n=37) frequentaram algum outro curso de atualização em Ortodontia após a especialização. Ter frequentado outros cursos não necessariamente garantiu que o profissional tivesse recebido ensino sobre traumatismo (p=0,2475). Ter recebido ensino específico não foi garantia de que o profissional questionasse o histórico de traumatismos. Verificou-se que apresentar maior ou menor nível de formação acadêmica não influenciou no diagnóstico (p=0,8583) e na condução (p= 0,2578) dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais demonstraram conhecimento para diagnosticar traumatismos dentoalveolares, mas não se mostraram capazes de conduzir adequadamente o tratamento ortodôntico diante de tal intercorrência, independentemente do grau de formação acadêmica.
Age Dependent Progression of Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia and Pseudoachondroplasia Due to Heterozygous Mutations in COMP Gene
Authors: El-Lababidi Nabil , Zikánová Marie , Baxová Alice , Nosková Lenka , Leiská Alena , Lambert Lukáš , Honzík Tomáš , Zeman Jiří
Published: October 2020

Dominantly inherited mutations in COMP gene encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein may cause two dwarfing skeletal dysplasias, milder multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) and more severe pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH). We studied the phenotype and X-rays of 11 patients from 5 unrelated families with different COMP mutations. Whole exome and/or Sangers sequencing were used for molecular analyses. Four to ten X-ray images of hands hips, knees or spine were available for each patient for retrospective analyses. Eight patients with MED have mutation c.1220G>A and 3 children with PSACH mutations c.1359C>A, c.1336G>A, or the novel mutation c.1126G>T in COMP. Progressive failure in growth developed in all patients from early childhood and resulted in short stature < 3rd percentile in 7 patients and very short stature < 1st percentile in four. Most patients had joint pain since childhood, severe stiffness in shoulders and elbows but increased mobility in wrists. Six children had bowlegs and two had knock knees. In all patients, X-rays of hands, hips and knees showed progressive, age-dependent skeletal involvement more pronounced in the epiphyses of long rather than short tubular bones. Anterior elongation and biconvex configuration of vertebral bodies were more conspicuous for kids. Six children had correction of knees and two adults had hip replacement. Skeletal and joint impairment in patients with MED and PSACH due to COMP mutation start in early childhood. Although the clinical severity is mutation and age dependent, many symptoms represent a continuous phenotypic spectrum between both diseases. Most patients may benefit from orthopaedic surgeries.
Serum Galectin-3 Levels Are Unlikely to Be a Useful Predictive Marker for Early-onset Preeclampsia Development
Authors: Nikolov Asparuh , Popovski Nikola , Blazhev Alexander
Published: October 2020

Galectin-3 (gal-3) is lectin which is presumed to interact with extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface glycoproteins in normal and pathophysiological conditions. The expression of gal-3 at the fetal-maternal interface partially overlaps that of gal-1, suggesting that an interplay between them might be important for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy like preeclampsia. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis whether galectin-3 could be used as a predictive marker for early-onset preeclampsia development. 32 patients with early-onset preeclampsia were examined, mean age 28.8 ± 5.5; and 22 age matched normal pregnancies mean age 28.5 ± 6.0. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for measuring serum galectin-3 levels. There were no significant differences between serum levels of galectin-3 in sera of preeclampsia patients compared to normal pregnant women – 14.1 ± 4.77 vs. 15.7 ± 5.95 ng/ml (p>0.05). Serum galectin-3 levels correlated with maternal age (r=0.33; p=0.03) and BMI (body mass index) (r=0.52; p=0.01). Our data suggest that determination of serum galectin-3 levels may not be a useful method for prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. Studies should be aimed to other categories of biomarkers.
IFCC Interim Guidelines on Molecular Testing of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Mancini Nicasio , Loh Tze Ping , Wang Cheng-Bin , Grimmler Matthias , Gramegna Maurizio , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Mueller Robert , Koch David , Sethi Sunil , Rawlinson William D. , Clementi Massimo , Erasmus Rajiv , Leportier Marc , Kwon Gye Cheol , Menezes María Elizabeth , Patru Maria-Magdalena , Singh Krishna , Ferrari Maurizio , Najjar Osama , Horvath Andrea R. , Adeli Khosrow , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

The diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection globally has relied extensively on molecular testing, contributing vitally to case identification, isolation, contact tracing, and rationalization of infection control measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical laboratories have thus needed to verify newly developed molecular tests and increase testing capacity at an unprecedented rate. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global health threat, laboratories continue to encounter challenges in the selection, verification, and interpretation of these tests. This document by the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 provides interim guidance on: (A) clinical indications and target populations, (B) assay selection, (C) assay verification, and (D) test interpretation and limitations for molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These evidence-based recommendations will provide practical guidance to clinical laboratories worldwide and highlight the continued importance of laboratory medicine in our collective pandemic response.
Nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic vibration of mass sensor armchair carbon nanotube resting on an elastic substrate
Authors: Selvamani Rajendran , Jayan M. Mahaveer Sree , Dimitri Rossana , Tornabene Francesco , Ebrahimi Farzad
Published: October 2020

The present paper aims at studying the nonlinear ultrasonic waves in a magneto-thermo-elastic armchair single-walled (SW) carbon nanotube (CNT) with mass sensors resting on a polymer substrate. The analytical formulation accounts for small scale effects based on the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The mathematical model and its differential equations are solved theoretically in terms of dimensionless frequencies while assuming a nonlinear Winkler-Pasternak-type foundation. The solution is obtained by means of ultrasonic wave dispersion relations. A parametric work is carried out to check for the effect of the nonlocal scaling parameter, together with the magneto-mechanical loadings, the foundation parameters, the attached mass, boundary conditions and geometries, on the dimensionless frequency of nanotubes. The sensitivity of the mechanical response of nanotubes investigated herein, could be of great interest for design purposes in nano-engineering systems and devices.
On the value-distribution of iterated integrals of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta-function I: Denseness
Authors: Endo Kenta , Inoue Shōta
Published: October 2020

We consider iterated integrals of

log
⁡
ζ

⁢

(
s
)

{\log\zeta(s)}

on certain vertical and horizontal lines.
Here, the function

ζ
⁢

(
s
)

{\zeta(s)}

is the Riemann zeta-function.
It is a well-known open problem whether or not the values of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line
are dense in the complex plane.
In this paper,
we give a result for the denseness of the values of the iterated integrals on the horizontal lines.
By using this result,
we obtain the denseness of the values of

∫
0
t

log
⁡
ζ

⁢

(

1
2

+

i
⁢

t
′

)

⁢

𝑑

t
′

{\int_{0}^{t}\log\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it^{\prime})\,dt^{\prime}}

under the Riemann Hypothesis.
Moreover, we show that, for any

m
≥
2

{m\geq 2}

, the denseness of the values of an m-times iterated integral on the critical line is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis.
Unraveling the natural durability of wood: revealing the impact of decay-influencing characteristics other than fungicidal components
Authors: De Ligne Liselotte , Van den Bulcke Jan , Baetens Jan M. , De Baets Bernard , Wang Gang , De Windt Imke , Beeckman Hans , Van Acker Joris
Published: October 2020

The effect of fungicidal components in wood has been known for ages, yet there is no method to assess the impact of such components on the durability of a wood species, as compared to other material characteristics that influence decay. In this paper, the importance of fungicidal effects on the natural durability of 10 wood species is assessed in relation to other decay-influencing factors with a new test, the so-called ‘paste test’. By comparing results from this test with the ‘mini-block test’, on both heartwood and leached sapwood, insight is gained into the significance of fungicidal components on the one hand and other material characteristics on the other hand. The durability of species such as Prunus avium was attributed mainly to fungicidal components. For species such as Pterocarpus soyauxii, durability seemed to be an effect of both fungicidal components and moisture-regulating components, while the latter seemed to be of main importance in regulating the decay of Aucoumea klaineana and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Wood-anatomical features, such as the parenchyma content (in case of brown rot fungi) and the vessel-fiber ratio, possibly affect degradation as well. This work shows that fungicidal components are not always of major importance for the durability of a wood species. The authors hereby emphasize the importance of moisture-regulating components and wood anatomy on the durability of wood.
Simple Multivariate Conditional Covariance Dynamics Using Hyperbolically Weighted Moving Averages
Authors: Kawakatsu Hiroyuki
Published: October 2020

This paper considers a class of multivariate ARCH models with scalar weights. A new specification with hyperbolic weighted moving average (HWMA) is proposed as an analogue of the EWMA model. Despite the restrictive dynamics of a scalar weight model, the proposed model has a number of advantages that can deal with the curse of dimensionality. The empirical application illustrates that the (pseudo) out-of-sample multistep forecasts can be surprisingly more accurate than those from the DCC model.
Performance of LED for line-of-sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communication system
Authors: Nasser Alaa G. , Ali Mazin Ali A.
Published: October 2020

Underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) recently emerge as a solution to the problem of underwater communication for link with a high data rate, low delay, safety, and high immunity. In this study, the line of sight (LoS) method based on LED used for UWOC with different modulation schemes. The bit error rate (BER), signal-to-noise rate, and quality factor are used for assessing system performance and link quality. Besides the effect of transmitting angle, distance link (d), and transmitting power (P

T
) are analysed. Results show that 8-pulse position modulation (PPM) is the best modulation scheme for achieving a good link in the LoS method.
Obstetric and pediatric growth charts for the detection of late-onset fetal growth restriction and neonatal adverse outcomes
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez Beatriz , de Alba Concepción , Galindo Alberto , Recio David , Villalain Cecilia , Pallas Carmen Rosa , Herraiz Ignacio
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) has heterogeneous prenatal and postnatal diagnostic criteria. We compared the prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of late-onset FGR and their ability to predict adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 5442 consecutive singleton pregnancies that delivered beyond 34 + 0 weeks. Prenatal diagnosis of FGR was based on customized fetal growth standards and fetal Doppler while postnatal diagnosis was based on a birthweight <3rd percentile according to newborn charts (Olsen’s charts and Intergrowth 21st century programme). Perinatal outcomes were analyzed depending on whether the diagnosis was prenatal, postnatal or both.

Results

A total of 94 out of 5442 (1.7%) were diagnosed as late-onset FGR prenatally. Olsen’s chart and Intergrowth 21st chart detected that 125/5442 (2.3%) and 106/5442 (2.0%) of infants had a birthweight <3rd percentile, respectively. These charts identified 35/94 (37.2%) and 40/94 (42.6%) of the newborns with a prenatal diagnosis of late-onset FGR. Prenatally diagnosed late-onset FGR infants were at a higher risk for hypoglycemia, jaundice and polycythemia. Both prenatally and postnatally diagnosed as late-onset FGR had a higher risk for respiratory distress syndrome when compared to non-FGR. The higher risks for intensive care admission and composite adverse outcomes were observed in those with a prenatal diagnosis of late-onset FGR that was confirmed after birth.

Conclusions

Current definitions of pre- and postnatal late-onset FGR do not match in more than half of cases. Infants with a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of this condition have an increased risk of neonatal morbidity even if these diagnoses are not coincident.
An approximate formula for calculating the expectations of functionals from random processes based on using the Wiener chaos expansion
Authors: Egorov Alexander
Published: October 2020

In this work, we propose a new method for calculating the mathematical expectation of nonlinear functionals from random processes.
The method is based on using Wiener chaos expansion and approximate formulas, exact for functional polynomials of given degree.
Examples illustrating approximation accuracy are considered.
Waveguide combiners for mixed reality headsets: a nanophotonics design perspective
Authors: Kress Bernard C. , Chatterjee Ishan
Published: October 2020

This paper is a review and analysis of the various implementation architectures of diffractive waveguide combiners for augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) headsets, and smart glasses. Extended reality (XR) is another acronym frequently used to refer to all variants across the MR spectrum. Such devices have the potential to revolutionize how we work, communicate, travel, learn, teach, shop, and are entertained. Already, market analysts show very optimistic expectations on return on investment in MR, for both enterprise and consumer applications. Hardware architectures and technologies for AR and MR have made tremendous progress over the past five years, fueled by recent investment hype in start-ups and accelerated mergers and acquisitions by larger corporations. In order to meet such high market expectations, several challenges must be addressed: first, cementing primary use cases for each specific market segment and, second, achieving greater MR performance out of increasingly size-, weight-, cost- and power-constrained hardware. One such crucial component is the optical combiner. Combiners are often considered as critical optical elements in MR headsets, as they are the direct window to both the digital content and the real world for the user’s eyes.

Two main pillars defining the MR experience are comfort and immersion. Comfort comes in various forms:

–

wearable comfort—reducing weight and size, pushing back the center of gravity, addressing thermal issues, and so on

–

visual comfort—providing accurate and natural 3-dimensional cues over a large field of view and a high angular resolution

–

vestibular comfort—providing stable and realistic virtual overlays that spatially agree with the user’s motion

–

social comfort—allowing for true eye contact, in a socially acceptable form factor.

Immersion can be defined as the multisensory perceptual experience (including audio, display, gestures, haptics) that conveys to the user a sense of realism and envelopment. In order to effectively address both comfort and immersion challenges through improved hardware architectures and software developments, a deep understanding of the specific features and limitations of the human visual perception system is required. We emphasize the need for a human-centric optical design process, which would allow for the most comfortable headset design (wearable, visual, vestibular, and social comfort) without compromising the user’s sense of immersion (display, sensing, and interaction). Matching the specifics of the display architecture to the human visual perception system is key to bound the constraints of the hardware allowing for headset development and mass production at reasonable costs, while providing a delightful experience to the end user.
Toward new frontiers for terahertz quantum cascade laser frequency combs
Authors: Vitiello Miriam S. , Consolino Luigi , Inguscio Massimo , De Natale Paolo
Published: October 2020

Broadband, quantum-engineered, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are the most powerful chip-scale sources of optical frequency combs (FCs) across the mid-infrared and the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The inherently short intersubband upper state lifetime spontaneously allows mode proliferation, with large quantum efficiencies, as a result of the intracavity four-wave mixing. QCLs can be easily integrated with external elements or engineered for intracavity embedding of nonlinear optical components and can inherently operate as quantum detectors, providing an intriguing technological platform for on-chip quantum investigations at the nanoscale. The research field of THz FCs is extremely vibrant and promises major impacts in several application domains crossing dual-comb spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, time-domain nanoimaging, quantum science and technology, metrology and nonlinear optics in a miniaturized and compact architecture. Here, we discuss the fundamental physical properties and the technological performances of THz QCL FCs, highlighting the future perspectives of this frontier research field.
A cost-utility analysis of multimodal pain rehabilitation in primary healthcare
Authors: Eklund Katarina , Stålnacke Britt-Marie , Stenberg Gunilla , Enthoven Paul , Gerdle Björn , Sahlén Klas-Göran
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Multimodal rehabilitation programs (MMRPs) have been shown to be both cost-effective and an effective method for managing chronic pain in specialist care. However, while the vast majority of patients are treated in primary healthcare, MMRPs are rarely practiced in these settings. Limited time and resources for everyday activities alongside the complexity of chronic pain makes the management of chronic pain challenging in primary healthcare and the focus is on unimodal treatment. In order to increase the use of MMRPs incentives such as cost savings and improved health status in the patient group are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MMRPs for patients with chronic pain in primary healthcare in two Swedish regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MMRPs at one-year follow-up in comparison with care as usual for patients with chronic pain in primary healthcare in two Swedish regions.

Methods

A cost-utility analysis was performed alongside a prospective cohort study comparing the MMRP with the alternative of continuing with care as usual. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using EQ5D, and working situation of 234 participants were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up. The primary outcome was cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained while the secondary outcome was sickness absence. An extrapolation of costs was performed based on previous long-term studies in order to evaluate the effects of the MMRP over a five-year time period.

Results

The mean (SD) EQ5D index, which measures HRQoL, increased significantly (p<0.001) from 0.34 (0.32) to 0.44 (0.32) at one-year follow-up. Sickness absence decreased by 15%. The cost-utility analysis showed a cost per QALY gained of 18 704 € at one-year follow-up.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the MMRP significantly improves the HRQoL of the participants and is a cost-effective treatment for patients with chronic pain in primary healthcare when a newly suggested cost-effectiveness threshold of 19 734 € is implemented. The extrapolation indicates that considerable cost savings in terms of reduced loss of production and gained QALYs may be generated if the effects of the MMRP are maintained beyond one-year follow-up. The study demonstrates potential benefits of MMRPs in primary healthcare for both the patient with chronic pain and the society as a whole. The cost-effectiveness of MMRPs in primary healthcare has scarcely been studied and further long-term studies are needed in these settings.
Single radicle emergence count for predicting vigour of marigold (Tagetes spp.) seed lots
Authors: Ilbi Hulya , Powell Alison A. , Alan Ozlem
Published: October 2020

This study was carried out to determine whether a single radicle emergence count (RE) during germination can be used for vigour assessment to estimate field emergence of marigold (Tagetes spp.) seed lots. Six marigold seed lots (Tagetes erecta and T. patula) with
normal germination above 75% were germinated using the standard ISTA germination test and radicle emergence (production of 2 mm radicle) counted at regular intervals from 25 to 169 hours. The seed lots were also sown in the field with final seedling emergence assessed after 25 days. Seedling
emergence was highly correlated with the radicle emergence count after 49 and 66 hours germination (r = 0.90 and r = 0.91, respectively; P < 0.01) but not with germination percentage (r = 0.26). Thus, the radicle emergence counts at 49 and 66 hours accounted
for 81 or 83% of the variation in field emergence, respectively. The results indicate that a 49- or 66-hour count of RE during germination could be used as a vigour test to estimate field emergence for marigold seed lots.
Phytochemical analysis of trifoliate orange during fermentation by HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Gao Dan , Cho Chong Woon , Vinh Le Ba , Kim Jin Hyeok , Kim Young Ho , Kang Jong Seong
Published: October 2020

During the process of fermentation, the chemical compositions of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate (L). Raf) changed greatly. To provide a completely phytochemical profile, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS) has been successfully applied to screen and identify the unknown constituents of trifoliate orange during fermentation, which make it available for the quality control of fermented products. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to classify the trifoliate oranges based on the status of fermentation. A total of 8 components were identified among the samples. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated the fermented and unfermented trifoliate oranges were obviously different, an effective and reliable Partial Least Square Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) technique was more suitable to provide accurate discrimination of test samples based their different chemical patterns. Furthermore, a permutation validated the reliability of PLS-DA and variable importance plot revealed that the characterized syringing, naringin, and poncirin showed the high ability to distinguish the trifoliate oranges during fermentation. The present investigation could provide detailed information for the quality control and evaluation of trifoliate oranges during the fermentation process.
New conditions of HPLC analysis for separation and quantification of simple organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle in psoriasis
Authors: Fan Jiaxing , Liu Yiyang , Su Shenmin , Cao Yiqing , Yu Yunqiu
Published: October 2020

Tricarboxylic acid cycle is an important pathway and the metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle, simple organic acids, play important roles in many physiological processes. The new conditions of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with improved separation selectivity were developed and optimized by choosing suitable store solvent, methanol, which can catalyze the reaction, aldol condensation, and facilitate the formation of new compound to improve simultaneous detection of nine metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle, including lactic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, cis-aconitic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid, and be applied in analysis of the nine metabolites in psoriasis mice skin. This study shows that in process of developing methods, expect conventional chromatographic condition, solvent should also be considered carefully.
Training gamblers to re-think their gambling choices: How contextual analytical thinking may be useful in promoting safer gambling
Authors: Armstrong Tess , Rockloff Matthew , Browne Matthew , Blaszczynski Alexander
Published: October 2020

Background and aims

Harmful gambling has been associated with the endorsement of fallacious cognitions that promote excessive consumption. These types of beliefs stem from intuitively derived assumptions about gambling that are fostered by fast-thinking and a lack of objective, critical thought. The current paper details an experiment designed to test whether a four-week online intervention to strengthen contextual analytical thinking in gamblers is effective in changing gamblers cognitions and encouraging safer gambling consumption.

Methods

Ninety-four regular gamblers who reported experiencing gambling-related harm were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n= 46) or control condition (n= 48), including 45 males, ranging from 19 to 65 years of age (M= 36.61;SD = 9.76). Following baseline measurement of gambling beliefs and prior week gambling consumption, participants in the experimental condition were required to complete an adaption of the Gamblers Fallacy Questionnaire designed to promote analytical thinking by educating participants on common judgement errors specific to gambling once a week for four weeks. Post-intervention measures of beliefs and gambling consumption were captured in week five.

Results

The experimental condition reported significantly fewer erroneous cognitions, greater endorsement of protective cognitions, and reduced time spent gambling post-intervention compared to baseline. The control group also reported a reduction in cognitions relating to predicting and controlling gambling outcomes.

Conclusion

Cognitive interventions that encourage gamblers to challenge gambling beliefs by reflecting on gambling involvement and promoting critical thinking may be an effective tool for reducing the time people invest in gambling activities.
Chronology of Swords with a Crescent-Shaped Top from Maeotian Burial Grounds
Authors: Limberis Natalya , Marchenko Ivan
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Swords with a crescent-shaped top in Maeotian burials are meet less often than swords of the Sindic-Maeotian type from the 4th – early 3rd centuries BC.

Methods and materials. The authors use the traditional typological method. The material comes from Maeotian sites.

Analysis. There are three forms of crescent-shaped tops: classical crescent-shaped, V-shaped and half-ring top. In the sites of the right bank of the Kuban 10 swords without a cross-guard and 1 with a cross-guard, in the Trans-Kuban – 8 swords without a crossguard and 2 swords with a cross-guard are known. The presence or absence of a cross-guard does not affect type chronology. The assemblages from burial grounds of IV Novolabinsk and Elisavetinskaya No. 1 hillforts date from the second quarter to the middle of the 3rd century BC. The dating is based on the type of the bronze mirror and Panticapaeum coins. Most narrowly dated burials come from burial grounds of Starokorsunskaya No. 2 and Lenin No. 3 hillforts located on the right bank of the Kuban river. The burials dating to within one quarter of the 2nd century BC typically contained amphorae and black-glazed pottery, as well as certain types of Maeotian grey-clay vessels.

Results. The chronological analysis indicates the appearance of swords with a crescent-shaped top of the Prokhorov type among Maeotian tribes under the influence of the Sarmatians. The earliest assemblages date from the second quarter to the middle of the 3rd century BC. The chronology of more than a half of the burials does not go beyond the 2nd century BC. The upper limit of the existence of swords with a crescent-shaped top can be determined within the early 1st century BC.
An Analysis of Research Trends Related to Family Support of People with Physical Disabilities: Research from 2010-2019
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Jung Jungeun , Jo Gyunghyun , Yang Jihee , Park Eunhye
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends in domestic and international research related to family support of people with physical disabilities and to suggest support tasks and research directions for the future. For this purpose, we analyzed 68 studies from peer-reviewed domestic and international journals over the past 10 years (2010-2019). The results of this research were as follows. First, most of the Korean research focused on mothers, and most of the international research focused on fathers and mothers together. The research participants mainly consisted of infants and children, and the study of adolescence and adulthood was significantly less. Second, the research methods showed very few experimental studies, preferring qualitative and investigative studies. Third, the research topics showed that the largest number of studies focused on the need for support for families, both in domestic and international research. There were also many studies on the psychological and emotional aspects of parents and non-disabled siblings, family characteristics, and family and expert cooperation. Fourth, Korean research on family support was conducted mainly in the field special education where international research was conducted in various fields including medical care, welfare, rehabilitation and psychology, and special education. Based on these findings, we suggest that future family support research for the people with physical disabilities should be conducted in cooperation with various fields and focus on diverse family members including fathers, non-disabled siblings, and grandparents, giving consideration to the unique characteristics and support needs of all kinds of people around those with physical disabilities.
Entre a clareza e a razão: considerações sobre Dante Alighieri na obra Della Perfetta Poesia Italiana, de Ludovico Muratori
Authors: Borghi Gustavo Luiz Nunes
Published: October 2020

Resumo Escrito em resposta às críticas francesas e inglesas dos séculos XVII e XVIII, Ludovico Muratori publica o Della Perfetta Poesia Italiana em 1706. Em seu tratado, o preceptista busca defender as letras italianas, fazendo uma revisão dos principais poetas de sua língua. A partir dos seus escritos, o presente artigo tem, por objetivo central, levantar a discussão sobre a recepção de Dante Alighieri na Itália, no início do século XVIII. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, apresentaremos algumas características e tópicas da poesia do final do século XVII e início do XVIII; em seguida, levantaremos as considerações de Muratori sobre a noção de engenho, fundamental para as práticas letradas; por fim, discutiremos sua crítica à poesia de Dante Alighieri.
Escenas de evangelización. Verdad y archivo en las cartas de Manuel Da nóbrega
Authors: Vitali Guillermo Ignacio
Published: October 2020

Resumen Las cartas de Manuel da Nóbrega son el primer testimonio escrito de la labor religiosa portuguesa en tierras brasileñas. La epistolografía del padre jesuita ingresa y transforma el archivo colonial, dispositivo a través del cual los Imperios ibéricos buscaban controlar y ordenar el espacio descubierto. En este artículo analizaremos tres “escenas de evangelización” presentes en dos cartas de Nóbrega del período inicial de su expedición (1549-1550), las cuales constituyen tópicos narrativos que luego se repetirán en el resto de su producción epistolar. Estas tres escenas serán analizadas en función de su pertenencia al archivo colonial para conocer las condiciones sociales y políticas que permitieron su emergencia. La hipótesis que guía este artículo sostiene que, en sus cartas, más allá de la información estricta que Nóbrega debía otorgar a los superiores de la Orden y el Reino, emergen distintas “escenas de evangelización” que producen desplazamientos en los modos de decir del archivo, ya que ocasionan nuevas formas de representación de los cuerpos individuales y de las tradiciones comunitarias de los brasilindios, formas que llegaron a transformar la planificación misma de las prácticas evangelizadoras europeas.
Incorporation of zinc in calcium sulfoaluminate cement clinker
Authors: Kleib Joelle , Aouad Georges , Khalil Noura , Zakhour Mirvat
Published: October 2020

Several types of industrial wastes can be used as raw materials to obtain calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker. The first aim of this work was to define the maximum content of zinc that could be incorporated in CSA clinker in order to obtain the threshold limit. The second aim was to study the effect of CSA clinker composition on the threshold limits for zinc. Threshold limits for three CSA clinkers containing 25–75 wt% of ye'elimite were investigated. It was found that, beyond the defined threshold limits, the stability of ye'elimite and belite was not affected and the formation of a zinc oxide phase was detected. The threshold limit for zinc was identified to be 0.3 wt% for all the tested clinkers. Assessment of the reactivity of cements at the threshold limits was followed by calorimetric and compressive strength measurements. The results showed that the doped cements were at least as reactive as the reference cement.
Effects of inert silica powder on the properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement
Authors: Zhang Na , Yu Hongfa , Ma Haiyan , Liu Ting , Wu Chengyou
Published: October 2020

The effects of silica powder (SP) with different fineness values on the properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOSC) were compared with the effects of fly ash (FA). X-ray diffraction, mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyse the effects of the particle morphology and fineness of FA and SP on the mechanical properties, hydration products and microstructure of MOSC. The results showed that when the α-MgO/MgSO4.7H2O/H2O molar ratio was constant, the concentration of magnesium sulfate and the uniformity of magnesium oxide particles in the slurry were the main factors determining the composition of the hydration products and the microstructure of MOSC. Spherical FA was found to improve the uniformity of magnesium oxide particles in the slurry and exert a nucleation effect, thereby increasing the formation of the 5.1.7 phase of the hydration products. Polyhedral SP with a certain fineness increased the concentration of magnesium sulfate in the slurry and had a filling effect, thus promoting formation of the 5.1.7 phase and optimising the microstructure. Therefore, with a certain magnesium sulfate concentration and a homogeneous slurry, both active FA and inert SP can improve the water resistance of MOSC by optimising the composition of the hydration products and microstructure.
Sustainable production of commercially viable alkali-activated bricks
Authors: Kejkar Rupali B , Wanjari Swapnil P
Published: October 2020

The use of industrial waste in alkali-activated materials is promoted widely across the world, as it unlocks the potential to produce sustainable and cost-effective products to meet increased construction demand. The physical and chemical properties of raw materials are studied in order to check its feasibility for the development of geopolymer bricks. The present study concentrates on developing energy-efficient low-cost geopolymer bricks by varying the alkali concentration (0–4 M) to make them economical. These bricks were heat-cured at a low temperature to study the effect of the curing temperature on the strength parameter. The geopolymer bricks were evaluated for various physio-mechanical and mineralogical properties and compared with clay bricks and existing geopolymer bricks. Analysis of variance was carried out to study the significant difference in strength parameters. The developed geopolymer bricks are claimed to be cost effective and energy efficient compared with clay and existing geopolymer bricks.
Direct strength method for cold-formed steel beams with non-uniform temperatures
Authors: Alabi-Bello Mutiu , Wang Yong , Su Meini
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the results of finite-element simulations leading to the development of a design method using the direct strength method (DSM) for transversely loaded thin-walled steel beams prone to local and distortional buckling failures at elevated temperatures. The systematic and extensive numerical parametric study covers different dimensions of thin-walled steel sections, different temperature distributions in the steel cross-section, different steel grades and different load ratios. The main findings are that DSM is a suitable method for thin-walled steel members with non-uniform elevated temperature distributions in the cross-section. Based on using the plastic moment capacity of the cross-section at elevated temperatures, the DSM equations in the existing specification by the American Iron and Steel Institute, as published in 2016, are sufficiently accurate for local buckling. For distortional buckling, a set of new DSM equations is proposed. The proposed DSM equations are then used to derive partial safety factors for structural resistance for conditional probabilities of structural failure of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 after flashover.
Manifestations of Athletic Identity in Black Male Collegiate Student-Athletes: Introduction of a Model
Authors: Howe Jonathan
Published: October 2020

The socialization of Black males into athletics leads to a heightened attention placed on their athletic identity. Once these student-athletes enter the collegiate environment, the institutions of higher education and associated athletic departments have neglected to holistically develop identity within Black male student-athletes. With this population representing less than 3% of the entire student-body population on college campuses (Harper, 2018), the support that they receive also does not help to counter the negative experiences that they have. Negative experiences then lead to negative outcomes such as becoming susceptible to stereotype threat and identity foreclosure. This paper presents a conceptual model to center race while connecting athletic identity within Black male student-athletes to their experiences on campus and the outcomes related to this identity.
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Authors: Zhu Lizhen , Zhang Lijun
Published: October 2020

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