bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FONTES DE CRESCIMENTO DE MANDIOCA NA MICRORREGIÃO DO GUAMÁ, ESTADO DO PARÁ, NO PERÍODO 1990-2011
Authors: Souza Francisco Carlos Almeida de , Alves José Darlon Nascimento , Mota Antonia Moraes , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: O trabalho avalia a evolução e identifica as fontes de crescimento da produção de mandioca na microrregião do Guamá no período 1990-2011. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos a partir do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foi empregado o método shift-share que permite decompor a taxa de crescimento da produção nos efeitos área e rendimento. No período de 1990 a 2009 a produção da mandioca da microrregião do Guamá, evoluiu a uma taxa de 3,7 % ao ano. Destaca-se que o principal fator responsável por este crescimento foi o efeito-área, pois a área colhida cresceu a uma taxa de 1,38% ao ano. A taxa de crescimento da produtividade (efeito-rendimento) cresceu a uma taxa de 2,3%, sendo positiva, entretanto, se mostrou inferior ao crescimento da produção. Este resultado aponta para a necessidade de ampliar o nível tecnológico dos sistemas de produção de mandioca na microrregião do Guamá, visando incrementar a produtividade das lavouras. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: economia, formação de preços, comercialização.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA DE DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE USO DO SOLO
Authors: Melo Nilvan Carvalho , Souza Luma Castro de , Costa Clark Alberto Souza da , Coelho Ronielton , Covre Watilla Pereira , Costa Deborah Luciany Pires
Published: June 2016

A forma de manejo que se utiliza nos solos amazônicos determina a sua utilização no futuro, assim a caracterização química é fundamental, pois é parâmetro para indicar a fertilidade desses solos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização química de diferentes usos de solos no estado do Pará. Foram coletadas quinze amostras simples para formar três amostras compostas com três repetições para cada área nos solos de várzea, capoeira e capoeira em transição para várzea com ampla faixa de variação de características químicas. As análises foram realizadas no departamento de solos na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: O pH em água, cálcio, magnésio trocáveis, alumínio trocável e umidade atual. Em relação ao pH, todos os solos apresentaram acidez acentuada. Já para umidade, o solo de várzea foi que apresentou valor mais elevado. Para Ca2+ e Mg2+, os solos de várzea também foram que apresentou valores mais elevados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fertilidade, manejo do solo, química do solo.
QUALIDADE FITOSSANITÁRIA DAS CASCAS DE AROEIRA (Myrocroduon urundeuva Allemão) E CATUABA (Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Mart.) COMERCIALIZADAS EM FEIRAS MUNICIPAIS DE IMPERATRIZ, MA
Authors: Silva Ricardo Vieira , Bezerra Gustavo De Andrade , Nascimento Ivaneide De Oliveira , Sousa Thatyane Pereira de , Catunda Paulo Henrique Aragão , Silva Araújo Karuane Saturnino da
Published: June 2016

O uso de plantas medicinais tornou-se muito representativo, pelo fato de ser comercializada como medicamento alternativo para a cura de determinadas doenças. Mesmo com o avanço da indústria farmacêutica e a evolução da ciência de medicamentos, o uso dessas plantas para a extração de substância ativa e material vegetativo ainda é indispensável. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar a análise fitossanitária em cascas de aroeira (Myrocroduon urundeuva Allemão) e catuaba (Erythroxylum vacciniifolium Mart.), comercializadas em Imperatriz, MA. Realizou-se a coleta das cascas de aroeira e catuaba, em três feiras do município, estas foram acondicionadas em sacos plásticos e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Microbiologia e Alimentos da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – Centro de Estudos Superiores de Imperatriz, onde as cascas passaram pelo processo de desinfestação superficial com álcool 70%, hipoclorito de sódio a 2 e água destilada e, foram inoculadas em meio padrão de Batata, Dextrose e Ágar (BDA) e, mantidas em laboratório na condições controladas de temperatura entre 25-30°C, por sete dias. Na análise de incidência fúngica foram identificados: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Penicillium italicum e Rhizopus sp. Contudo, os gêneros Aspergillus sp. e Fusarium sp. foram os de maior ocorrência. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fungos, micotoxinas, plantas medicinais.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO pH DE UM ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO distrófico INCUBADO COM APLICAÇÃO DE DOSES CRESCENTES DE CaCO3 POR DIFERENTES MÉTODOS
Authors: Aquino Sousa Luis Felipe Rodrigues de , Marinho Ricardo Welder Duarte , Nunes Felipe Machado , Silva Ricardo Vieira , Nascimento Ivaneide De Oliveira , Silva Wilson Araújo da
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determina o pH de um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO distrófico por diferentes métodos após incubação com doses crescentes de CaCO3. O presente trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Solos da UEMA/CESI. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em um ARGISSOLO VERMELHO AMARELHO distrófico no Parque de Exposição de Imperatriz/MA, na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade. Após a coleta das amostras, estas foram conduzidas para o laboratório, secas ao ar, depois destorroados, passadas em peneira de 2 mm de abertura de malha e homogeneizadas e amostra da para análise química de rotina. As amostras de solo foram postas para incubação doses crescentes de carbonato de cálcio equivalentes a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 e 10 t.ha-1 (CaCO3), com dez repetições, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Após 30 dias o inicio de incubação foi feita amostras de cada unidade experimental para determinar o pH em água e em CaCl2, a fim de realizar a comparação e correlação destes métodos para o solo estudado. Houve diferença significativa entre os valores de pH e entre os métodos usados na determinação e intensa mineralização da matéria orgânica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: água, cloreto de cálcio, correlação.
MASSA DE FORRAGEM E COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICO-BROMATOLÓGICA DE Panicum maximum cv. mombaça ADUBADAS COM RESÍDUO DE SIDERURGIA, NITROGÊNIO E FÓSFORO
Authors: Monteiro Edwana Mara Moreira , Brasil Edilson Carvalho , Lourenço Junior José De Brito , Barros Cristiane Do Socorro
Published: June 2016

O trabalho avaliou a produção de massa de forragem e composição químico-bromatológica da gramínea Mombaça (Panicum maximum) adubada com resíduo orgânico da indústria siderúrgica (pó de balão) combinado com nitrogênio e fósforo, em condições de casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental para produção de massa de forragem e composição químico-bromatológica foi blocos casualizados. Os fatores estudados foram: dois resíduos orgânicos, cama de aviário (4 g dm-3) e pó de balão (10 g dm-3), quatro níveis de N (0, 50, 100, 200 mg dm-3) e quatro de P2O5 (0, 100, 200, 300 mg dm-3). A combinação dos resíduos orgânicos com dose de nitrogênio foi a que maior apresentou influência significativa nos teores de macrominerais (N, P e K) e micronutriente (Mn). A combinação dos resíduos orgânicos com dose de nitrogênio maior apresentou influência significativa nos teores de macrominerais (N, P e K) e micromineral (Mn). O pó de balão proporcionou maiores teores de Fe e MO ao comparar com a cama de aviário. A aplicação de fósforo influenciou nas variáveis estudadas Zn, PB, FDA, lignina e celulose, sendo que, o maior teor obtido de cada variável esteve associado a 100 mg kg-1 de P para Zn e 300 mg kg-1 de P para as demais. O resíduo orgânico, pó de balão, torna-se contaminante do solo e da forragem devido à presença de metais pesados em sua composição, este fato pode ser limitante ao seu uso agrícola como adubo orgânico.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adubação orgânica. Indústria siderúrgica. Macrominerais. Valor nutritivo.
A structural equation model: Greece’s tourism demand for tourist destination
Authors: Chaitip Prasert , Chaiboonsri Chukiat , Kovács Sándor , Balogh Péter
Published: June 2016

Structural equation model (LISREL 8) was applied to test the causal relationships between tourist travel motivations and tourist destination.A survey containing Likert scale questions was conducted to collect data from 100 tourists who had travelled to Greece’s tourist destination. With the help of factor analysis, four dimensions were identified for scales used in the study: travel cost satisfaction, tourism product, tourism product attributes, and tourism product management. Results indicated that the travel cost satisfaction of tourists has a positive influence on tourism product, tourism product attributes and tourism product management. Moreover, our results suggested that the tourist demographics has a positive influence on tourism product and tourism product attributes and has an insignificant relationship with tourism product management. Based on our findings the tourist demographics has not influence on tourism product management. However, these findings suggest that both the private tourism and the governmental tourism sector should develop a better management of tourist destinations so as to develop a stronger attraction of tourism, better amenities, a better accessibility, an appropriate image, to make tourism competitive and to keep tourism product prices at a reasonable level. The implications of the tourism demand model can be used for the public environmental policy-making process based mainly on reasons of interest, ideology or understanding.
Evaluating linkage between operators’ satisfaction and potential of local resources for rural tourism: Evidence from Matsuura in Japan
Authors: Ohe Yasuo , Kurihara Shinichi , Shimoura Shinpei
Published: June 2016

As rural tourism evolves into diversification, the connection between the individual and local resource management is becoming an important issue for the sustainable evolution of rural tourism. To explore this point, we investigated conceptually and empirically whether rural tourism operators’individual satisfaction enhances utilization of local resources and, if so, what mechanism works for it by focusing on rural tourism accompanied by an educational program, i.e. a farm-stay with farm and rural experience services implemented as a part of school trips in Matsuura, Japan. From statistical tests and an econometric estimation based on a questionnaire survey of rural tourism operators we found that operators’individual satisfaction gained from interchange with visitors and direct feedback can positively enhance locally exerted effects that stimulate operators to recognize opportunities within their community and raise the potential for local resource use. Thus, we should strengthen this connection to eventually create a new viable activity.
Educational projects – support for development of tourism and rural areas in Serbia
Authors: Subic Jonel , Vasiljevic Zorica , Ivanovic Sanjin
Published: June 2016

The paper presents three mini-projects that have been implemented by The Institute of Agricultural Economics – Belgrade in the 2006–2008 period. Those were special educational projects in agriculture and rural development, whereas extension activities were concentrated onto three topics: farm management, support of rural development and improvement of small farms. Implementation of projects took place on the territory of the South Banat County and some Belgrade city communes. The projects intended to solve current problems of sustainable agriculture and rural development. Within the projects there were identified priorities related to investments, strategic planning and tourism. Educational activities were aimed at a number of holders or members of their registered farms. Dynamics of the projects' implementation included introduction and discussion with a number of farmers, formation of small groups, preparation and making of materials, a series of theoretical lectures and determination of the joint work results. Education programs are aiming at improvement of the farm holders' knowledge in the field of business and management. Specific objectives of training are to increase sales of goods and services at domestic and foreign market, to increase competitiveness in a particular market, to achieve higher profits, to create new jobs and improve living conditions in rural areas. Evaluation of projects was related to determination of level, to which there were achieved set objectives, then to define implementation of projects in accordance with the plan, as well as to determine an impact of educational activities to promotion of knowledge concerning business and management.
Role of innovations and knowledge – infrastructure and institutions
Authors: Nábrádi András
Published: June 2016

There is a well known saying: Research converts money into knowledge, innovation converts knowledge into money. The knowledge-based economy has four pillars: innovation, education, the economic and institutional regime, and information infrastructure. Transformation towards a knowledge-based economy will necessarily shift the proportion and growth of national income derived from knowledge-based industries, the percentage of the workforce employed in knowledge-based jobs and the ratio of firms using technology to innovate. Progress towards a knowledge-based economy will be driven by four elements: human capital development, knowledge generation and exploitation (R&D), knowledge infrastructure. Increased investment in these four areas will certainly have an impact. National experience, however, suggests that an incremental approach will not work. Nations that have achieved accelerated growth in outputs and capabilities have acted decisively, targeting investments in areas of strategic opportunity. The organizational and infrastructural improvement of research requires supranational cooperation and the promotion of the free movement of knowledge. Therefore, the EU decision on the establishment of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), which ensures that the GDP proportion for research and development (R&D) shall achieve 3% stipulated by member states in the long run, is particularly welcome.
Analysis of production and competitiveness on small beekeeping farms in selected districts of Serbia
Authors: Marinković Slaðana , Nedić Nebojša
Published: June 2016

The study researched the costs and returns on typical small beekeeping farms from five districts in Serbia. On the basis of the field research, data on the number of beehives,type of product, volume of production per beehive and values per measurement unit were collected.In order to demonstrate the competitiveness of various apicultural products, analysis of the available data was performed using analytical calculations. According to the analysis, the labour costs comprise about 49.65% to 64.15% of the variable costs on beekeeping farms in the Raška and Šumadija districts, respectively. Production is most economical on the bee farm in the district of Srem, where every dinar spent in production creates a value of 2.22 dinars, while the farm from the district of Raška is the least economical (1.32 din). Bee farms must reduce labour costs and re-direct their business orientation to other bee products, besides honey, such as pollen, which could be significantly more profitable.
Regional identity in rural development: Three case studies of regional branding
Authors: Messely Lies , Dessein Joost , Lauwers Ludwig
Published: June 2016

Within the globalizing world, regions and their identities are subjected to great pressure. At present, places are engaged in a process of “territorial competition” in an integrated world economy. The identity of the region can be used as a starting point to brand a region and differentiate it from others. In the regional branding process, the region as a whole becomes a product or brand and offers a “basket” of regional products and services. Regional branding is aimed at creating a more distinctive image or reputation, which helps to increase regional competitiveness. This paper discusses the possibility of regional identity as a mobilizing force for rural development, by studying best practice examples of regional branding. Using the grounded theory approach, we conducted interviews in three case regions:West Cork (Ireland), Groene Woud (the Netherlands) and Pajottenland (Belgium). The study of these cases led to the formulation of critical success factors on the organization of regional branding. Comparative analysis of the cases demonstrates the importance of passionate initiators as ambassadors of the region and the advantage of a well-coordinated internal network in the region. Next to that, the internal marketing of the region is considered an important critical success factors.
The climate change and agriculture – dimensions and correlations
Authors: Matei Mirela , Stancu Adrian , Vuković Predrag
Published: June 2016

Global climate changes are taking place and its impacts on economy are already occurring in fields like tourism, agriculture, forestry, infrastructure, insurance industry or capital market. Specialists draw attention that climate change has negative effects and positive effects. For example, in some parts of Europe, especially in north, the agricultural may benefit from temperature rise increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The most important part of these changes is due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activity. Between greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest contributor with a weight around of 80% of total GHG emissions. The agriculture is the most affected sector by the climate change, but agricultural activities have many negative implications on environment through emissions of methane and nitrous oxide that result from changes in land use. Besides the negative impact, the agriculture may play a positive role to environment protection through the production of bio fuels. Because of the huge implications of climate change on human activities, the public authorities have made important steps in order to control this phenomenon, to reduce and prevent the negative impact.
Vine water deficit : among the 3 applications of pressure chamber, stem water potential is the most sensitive indicator
Authors: Choné Xavier , Trégoat Olivier , Van Leeuwen Cornelis , Dubourdieu Denis
Published: June 2016

Vine water status is an important factor in grape quality. High tannin and anthocyanin content in red grape berries are related to moderate vine water deficits. Hence, a simple and sensitive indicator is required to determine vine water status and especially water constraint. Pressure chamber allows a quick and easy to practice determination of water status in the vineyard. Three applications of pressure chamber are known: predawn leaf water potential (ΨB), leaf water potential (ΨF) and stem water potential (ΨT). Only ΨB and ΨF are widely used on vines. In this survey ΨB, ΨF, ΨT and transpiration flow were measured on mature leaves to determine non-irrigated vine water status in field grown vines during the growing season. In California as well as in France, stem Ψ was the most discriminating indicator for both moderate and severe water deficits. In every plot surveyed ΨT was much better correlated to leaf transpiration than ΨF. Moreover, ΨT revealed nascent water deficit earlier than ΨB did. Among the three application of pressure chamber, ΨT was the only one to indicate short term water deficit after a rainfall. Hence, ΨT appears to be a useful indicator for grapevine management in both non-irrigated and irrigated vineyards.
Survey of the accuracy and rapidity of several methods for vine leaf area assessment
Authors: Trégoat Olivier , Ollat Nathalie , Grenier Gilbert , Van Leeuwen Cornelis
Published: June 2016

Vine leaf area is an important viticultural parameter. Because its assessment is difficult, leaf area is not frequently taken into account. In this survey, several techniques of vine leaf area estimation are compared for their accuracy and rapidity. Leaf area is highly correlated with leaf blade fresh or dry weight. This method is destructive, because all the leaves have to be removed, and thus it can only be applied after harvest. Leaf area can also be estimated by the measurement of the lenght of two upper lateral veins. This method is precise, but very time consuming. Sample size reduction to one leaf out of four measured does not affect the quality of the estimation, though sample reduction to one leaf out of ten does. For accurate assessment, samples must be taken from multiple shoots. The third method utilizes the correlation between leaf area and shoot length. This technique combines precision and rapidity, though a standard curve should be established for each cultivar and stage of vine development. The percentage of light extinction through the vegetation can be measured by means of an L.A.I. 2000 device. Values are closely correlated to leaf area index and vine leaf area can be deduced when vine density is known. This method is very rapid (only one to two minutes per vine) but it does not distinguish between the primary and secondary leaf area. Moreover, the L.A.I. 2000 device is very expensive. Digital photographs were taken of the vines studied. Assessment of the percentage of leaf surface area, after binarisation of the image, does not lead to an accurate estimation of vine leaf area. The choice of a technique for vine leaf area estimation among the ones tested, will depend on: a) required precision, b) time availability, c) the need to dispose separately of primary and secondary leaf area, d) the possibility to invest in equipment and e) the possibility to remove leaves.
Репродуктивные показатели и экология размножения атлантической атерины Atherina hepsetus (Pisces: Atherinidae) у западного побережья Крыма
Authors: Самотой Ю. В. , Зуев Г. В.
Published: June 2016

Атерины (сем. Atherinidae) — массовые представители прибрежной пелагической ихтиофауны Азово-Черноморского бассейна, в некоторых районах являются объектами промысла. Вместе с тем сведения о биологии и экологии атерин до настоящего времени остаются крайне скудными и фрагментарными. Данная работа посвящена изучению меж- и внутригодовой (сезонной) изменчивости ряда индивидуальных и популяционных репродуктивных показателей атлантической атерины Atherina hepsetus из акватории Черного моря, прилегающей к западному побережью Крыма. Отлов производился ставными неводами круглогодично в течение 2010–2014 гг. с периодичностью 2–3 раза в месяц. В общей сложности изучено 2403 экз. На основе результатов исследования впервые введены понятия общего, популяционного и массового (пик нереста) репродуктивных периодов, установлены межгодовые изменения их продолжительности, а также календарные сроки начала и окончания. Изучены интенсивность нереста и его сезонная динамика, сезонная динамика развития половых желез самцов и самок и определены индивидуальные и среднепопуляционные значения их гонадосоматического индекса. Установлен диапазон изменчивости температуры нереста (8.5–14.5 ℃), выделена зона максимально благоприятной нерестовой температуры (9.0–12.0℃).
Питание и некоторые черты экологии крабов равношипого Lithodes aequispinus и угловатого Chionoecetes angulatus в водах северо-западной Камчатки в осенний период
Authors: Чучукало В. И. , Надточий В. А. , Напазаков В. В. , Борилко О. Ю. , Нужденко С. А.
Published: June 2016

Поведение животных, их численность и распределение, темп роста и созревание в значительной степени определяются характером питания, поэтому знание особенностей питания и пищевых адаптаций необходимо для правильной оценки обеспеченности животных пищей, что, в свою очередь, является важным звеном в проблеме популяционной динамики. Настоящее сообщение призвано пополнить немногочисленные данные по питанию равношипого краба Lithodes aequispinus Benedict, 1895 и ознакомить с первыми результатами исследования по питанию стригуна ангулятуса Chionoecetes angulatus Rathbun, 1924. Материалом для изучения питания послужили сборы желудочно-кишечных трактов 32 самцов равношипого краба и 143 самцов краба-стригуна угловатого, полученные при проведении донной траловой съемки в сентябре-октябре 2012 г. на НИС «ТИНРО» в водах северо-западной Камчатки в интервале глубин 90–970 м. После вскрытия ЖКТ и взвешивания пищевого кома желудка и кишечника объёмное соотношение компонентов определялось визуально, а крупные фрагменты взвешивались. При анализе данных определялись частота встречаемости кормовых объектов, частота доминирования и коэффициент Фроермана. Частные индексы наполнения желудков вычислялись соответственно процентной доле каждого из компонентов в пищевом коме. Частные индексы наполнения кишечников,так же как у рыб, имеющих выраженный желудок, в расчёт не принимались. Рассмотрены состав, распределение и количественные характеристики бентоса в районе северо-западной Камчатки. Приведена общая картина распределения рассматриваемых крабов с указанием максимальной и средней плотности их концентраций. Отмечено, что основной пищей равношипого краба являлись полихеты и офиуры (33.2 и 32.1 % общей массы), стригуна угловатого — полихеты и моллюски (31.4 и 27.3 %). Средний индекс наполнения составил соответственно 15.5 и 20.9 ‱. Сделан вывод, что оба вида крабов трофически связаны с детритной сетью. Анализ материалов показал, что у глубоководных крабов, как и у шельфовых крабоидов, пищевые спектры определяются составом бентосного населения в районе их обитания, что, в свою очередь, характеризует краба-стригуна угловатого как оппортунистического всеядного хищника.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Spontaneous Imbibition of Fracturing Fluids in the Horn River Shale Gas Formation
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Hoffman Todd , Bearinger Doug , Li Xiaopeng , Abass Hazim
Published: June 2016

After hydraulic fracturing, only 10 to 50% of the fracturing fluids is typically recovered. This paper investigates how the remaining fracturing fluids are imbibed by shale as a function of time, and it investigates the influence of various parameters on the imbibition process that include lithology, reservoir characteristics, and fluid properties. In addition, on the basis of experimental results, a numerical model has been developed to estimate the volume and rate of spontaneous imbibition over the entire fracture face.

The rock samples are from the Horn River formation onshore Canada. The fracturing fluids used in the experiments included 2% KCl, 0.07% friction reducer, and 2% KCl substitute. In the experimental control group, distilled water was used. Through spontaneous-imbibition experiments, the relationship between imbibed fluid volume and time indicated that clay content was the most important factor that affected the total imbibed amount. Shale matrix with high clay content could imbibe more fracturing fluids than its measured porous space because of the clay's strong ability to expand and hold water. According to contact-angle-test results, the strongly water-wet shale samples had a faster imbibed rate. Total organic carbon (TOC) and porosity had no influence on imbibed volume and rate.

These experimental findings can contribute to an improved fracturing-fluid design for different shale-formation conditions to reduce fluid loss. The experiment showed that 2% KCl and 2% KCl substitute fracturing fluids were imbibed from 10 to 40% less than 0.07% friction reducer in the shale formation with high clay content, whereas in the shale formation with low clay content, the opposite occurred. In the low-clay-content shale, 0.07%-friction-reducer test fluid was imbibed from 10 to 30% less than 2% KCl fluid, but had an imbibed amount similar to that of 2% KCl substitute fluid.

The numerical-model result was matched with the experimental result to estimate a relative permeability in the model that could represent the rock properties. This model could be used to estimate the total imbibed volume along fracture faces through spontaneous imbibition.
Richesse des problèmes posés et créativité des solutions soumises dans la Communauté d'apprentissages scientifiques et mathématiques interactifs (CASMI)
Authors: Manuel Dominic , Freiman Viktor , Bourque Jimmy
Published: June 2016

Résumé

Cette étude s’intéresse à la richesse des problèmes mathématiques posés et à la créativité des solutions soumises par les membres de la Communauté d’apprentissages scientifiques et mathématiques interactifs (CASMI), une ressource virtuelle destinée aux élèves francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick et d’ailleurs. L’exploration des problématiques identifiées par les chercheurs préoccupés par les rares occasions qu’ont les élèves de résoudre des problèmes riches et de développer leur créativité en classe nous amène à construire un cadre conceptuel afin 1) d’analyser la richesse des problèmes proposés dans la CASMI, 2) d’évaluer la créativité des solutions soumises par les membres de cette communauté virtuelle et 3) de déterminer s’il existe une relation entre la richesse des problèmes posés et la créativité des solutions soumises. Les résultats révèlent que les problèmes plus riches semblent susciter plus de solutions originales et des réponses divergentes. Cependant, ces résultats mettent aussi en évidence le besoin d’élargir le cadre conceptuel sous-jacent à la formulation des problèmes mathématiques riches offerts aux élèves et de mener des recherches plus approfondies dans ce domaine.

Abstract

This research focuses on the richness of mathematical problems posted and the creativity of the solutions submitted by members of the CASMI (Communauté d’apprentissages scientifiques et mathématiques interactifs), a virtual resource used by Francophone students from New Brunswick and elsewhere. After reviewing issues identified by researchers preoccupied by the few opportunities offered to students to solve rich mathematical problems and develop their creativity in the classroom, we develop a conceptual framework in order to : 1) analyze the richness of the mathematical problems posted on the CASMI website; 2) assess the creativity of the solutions to the problems submitted on this website; and 3) verify the link between the richness of the problems and the mathematical creativity of the solutions. Our results suggest that rich mathematical problems bring more original solutions and multiple answers. These results also reveal the need for a broader conceptual framework in order to enhance the richness of mathematical problems offered to students, as well as for continuing research in this area.
Muntingia calabura L. (Elaeocarpaceae): A New Generic Record to the Flora of Gujarat State, India.
Authors: Patel P. K. , Vyas Vandana , Pandya A. V.
Published: June 2016

The present paper deals with the genus Muntingia L., belonging to family Elaeocarpaceae. It is reported here as an addition to the Flora of Gujarat State. The paper also envisages brief citation, description, phenological data and illustrations of the species. The details of nomenclatural citation followed by description, phenological data, habitat and colour photographs are provided.
Survival of Microbial consortium in granular formulations, degradation and release of microorganisms in soil
Authors: G.* Swapna , M. Divya , G.P. Brahmaprakash
Published: June 2016

The green revolution bought amazing consequences in food grain production but with insufficient concern for agriculture sustainability. Biofertilizers are gaining importance in sustaining agriculture. Various complementing combinations of microbial inoculants for management of major nutrients are necessary for agriculture sustainability. The present investigation was conducted to study the survivability of granular formulations containing Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) and plant growth promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) in consortium prepared using different flour. Maximum survival of microbial consortium was observed in Soybean, followed by Soybean + Semolina and Rice inoculant formulations. Minimum survival of population was observed in Ragi + Semolina inoculant formulation. Wheat, wheat + semolina, soybean, soybean + semolina granular formulations have shown better degradation compared to other granular formulations both in presence and absence of tomato and finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Among different granular inoculant formulations, Maximum release was observed in soybean granular inoculant formulations in presence of tomato and Finger millet plant and in absence of plant and minimum release of microbial consortium was observed in ragi + semolina granular inoculant formulations during incubation in soil.
The role of local injection of Bupivacaine in the management of pain after tonsillectomy surgery
Authors: Zadeh* Fatemeh Javaherforoosh , Derakhshandeh Bita , Atigh Fahimeh
Published: June 2016

Pain relief after tonsillectomy is an important part of post-operative management. There are some common drugs and local anesthetics such as bupivacaine used to treat postoperative pain. This research was aimed to assess the role of local injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after tonsilectomy surgery 96patients aged 5–12 were included in a double-blind clinical trial prospective study. Patients in treatment group received an injection 3cc of 0.5% bupivacaine solution in side and upper peritonsillar areas, and patients in group B were injected 3cc of normal saline in the same area. Patients were asked to Visual Analog Score, After tracheal extubation, 1st, 2th, 4th, 8th,12th, and 24th hours after operation. The first request for analgesic and the total amount of analgesic consumption was also recorded. Regarding to Visual Analog Score over a 24-h period, there was a significant difference between two groups (p<0.05). Also demand for analgesic in 24 hours after surgery was significantly less in treatment group than in placebo (p<0.001). preoperative local 0.5% bupivacaine injection in tonsillectomy patients was effective relieves the post-tonsillectomy pain and significantly reduces opioid consumption in kids.
Prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) and ABO blood groups in Kannur district of Kerala, India.
Authors: K.C.* Ebrahim N. , Shaker Ivvala Anand , Kadhir Abdul
Published: June 2016

Colour’s have profound influence in life. Colour vision deficiency (C. V. D), A. B. O & Rh blood groups are inherited entities with different geographical regions, and from race to race it varies.  As the C. V. D once occurred cannot be changed in life time.750 cases of Colour Vision Deficiency individuals were examined and were identified and confirmed by testing colour vision of the person by Ishihara's Chart test for both eyes. Those found to be suffering from congenital colour blindness were then subjected to A, B, O & Rh grouping by slide method.  Our results showed statistical significant positive relationship between congenital C. V. D individuals and their A, B, O, R, H blood groups. Our aim was to study relationship between A, B, O blood group, Rh factor, G-6PD and to know if any Colour Vision Deficiency (C. V. D) present in this population.
Psychosomatic disorders and its management through Ayurveda
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Panda Ram Krushna , Mishra Shriram Chandra , Singh Manish , Parida Akhil N.
Published: June 2016

Psychosomatic - psyche (mind) and soma (body) -A psychosomatic disorder is a disease which involves both mind and body. Some physical diseases are thought to be particularly prone to be made worse by mental conditions such as stress and anxiety. Your current mental status can influence how bad a physical disease is, at any given time. Both mind and body are a single identity, so the involvements of one definitely affect the others. So the bidirectional approach should be done to proper diagnosis and management of psychosomatic disorders. In Ayurveda detail description is given about psychic (Manasika), Somatic (Sharirika) and psychosomatic disorders (Manodaihika Vyadhi), their mode of treatment, they are as follows.
Community acquired pneumonia-current scenario among immunocompromised patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sowmya* A. V. , Jayalakshmi G. , Agatha David
Published: June 2016

Pneumonia is a common illness accounting for majority of hospitalizations worldwide with significant mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobial therapy, being the main stay of treatment, the choices of antibiotics depends on the nature of the etiologic agents and the host factors. The current study was aimed to identify the bacterial & fungal etiologic agents of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Immunocompromised (IC) patients, with their antimicrobial resistant pattern and to analyze the associated immunocompromised states. Various respiratory samples from study group of 75 immunocompromised patients with features of pneumonia were collected, processed and the isolates were identified with their antimicrobial susceptibility& resistance pattern according to CLSI guidelines. The results were analyzed statistically. Diabetes mellitus is the most common immunocompromised state (48%) associated with CAP. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection rates were 80.36% and 19.64% respectively. Gram negative pathogens and fungal pathogens were identified in 60% and 25.37% of culture positive cases respectively. Diabetes mellitus is commonly found in association with polymicrobial infection (19.44%) and fungal infection (16.66%). Drug resistant strains comprise about 75% of MRSA strains, 72.72 % of ESBL producers and 3.44% of Amp C producers. As the number of elderly people with associated IC state is on rise, with change in the pattern of microbial etiologic agents causing CAP, a prior knowledge of the host and microbial factors will help in formulating empirical antimicrobial therapy and proper treatment thereby curbing the spread of infections by drug resistant pathogens and the associated morbidity and mortality.
Bioassay Indication of Nemagon Toxicity on Daphnia magna (Straus 1820)
Authors: Gophen Moshe
Published: June 2016

A Bioassay test of the toxic effect of Nemagon on the survival rate of Daphnia magna (Straus 1820) was carried out. Seven levels of dilution (10-2 - 10-9) were tested in a 100 ml volume of filtered tap water, and the Daphnia conditions were observed and documented. Two trials were carried out: (1): Nemagon dilutions which were not incubated and (2): 24 hours of dilutions incubation prior to Daphnid’s placing. Nemagon was less effective after incubation. A percentage of 50% and 100% mortalities were recorded. The high level of toxicity of Nemagon was confirmed.
Levels of Serum Zinc and Manganese among Post-Menopausal Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Ahmad* Sharique , Wasim Saeeda
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study is to shed more light on the role of trace metals and their mode of action in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in Post-Menopausal Patients. The content of the trace elements Zinc and Manganese (Zn, and Mn) in the serum of patients was determined. Forty patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were participated in this study. Serum zinc and manganese were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique. The study showed that serum zinc and manganese levels of hyperthyroidism patients were significantly lower (p<0.05). While a significant increase in serum manganese level with decrease serum zinc levels in patients with hypothyroidism (p<0.05).  The present study confirmed a significant change in the levels of serum Zn, Mn in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among Post-Menopausal patients and these changes may be related to pathophysiology of thyroid disease.
Some new records of lower aquatic fungi from western Maharashtra, Maharashtra State, India.
Authors: Shinde* Vaishali , Pawar A. B.
Published: June 2016

Present study deals with the study of some lower aquatic fungi different regions of Maharashtra viz., Acaulopage dichotoma Drechsler belong to family Zoophagacea (Class- Zygomycetes) while Achlya oblongata de Bary, Brevilegnia megasperma Harvey, Saprolegnia ferax (Gruith) Thuret and Saprolegnia subterranae (Dissman) Seymour belongs to family Saprolegniaceae (Class - Oomycetes). All these are new records of aquatic fungi from the Maharashtra state.
Assessment of nutritional indices in children and its relation with some factors in Abadan-Iran
Authors: Tadayon Mitra , Khavayet* Fariba , Abedi Parvin , Malehi Amal Saki
Published: June 2016

The prevalence of malnutrition and weight problems in children and their consequences in the world have become a major health problem. Therefore, identifying the children’s’ nutritional status is a critical step to ensure optimal growth and development in children. The purpose of this study was assessing prevalence of malnutrition and its related factors among 3-5 years’ children in Abadan in, 2015-2016. The current study is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 500 children. Samples were selected from 9 health clinics in the Abadan, Iran. Data were collected using interviews with mothers, filling out questionnaires and measuring children’s height and weight and calculating their BMI. Also BMI of mother measured. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square test. The results showed that the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were15.2%, 6.8 % and 5.8 % in children in Abadan. Malnutrition had relation with child’s appetite and socioeconomic status (P<0.05). This study showed that malnutrition is a problem in children in this city among children 3-5 years old. Considering to results obtained from this study, the most important related factors was child’s appetite, socioeconomic status. Therefore, the health policy, makers should pay attention to raise awareness, socioeconomic status and family health promotion to improve nutritional status of children.
Bioethanol production from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated Populus deltoides wood using hydrolytic enzymes of Bacillus stratosphericus N12(M) and Bacillus altitudinis Kd1(M) under different modes of separate hydrolysis and fermentation by monoculture and co-culture combinations of ethanologens
Authors: Sharma* Nisha , Sharma Nivedita
Published: June 2016

An integrated approach was studied for in-house cellulase and xylanase production, from novel hyper hydrolytic enzyme producers and enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Populus deltoides wood into bioethanol. A xylanase producer Bacillus altitudinis Kd1 (M) and cellulase producerBacillus stratosphericus N12 (M) was isolated from soil. Optimization of process parameters led to an optimal xylanase activity of 96.25 IU at 300C and pH 5.5 and cellulase activity of 5.98 IU at 300C and pH 8.0. The NaOH+H2O2 pretreated biomass was hydrolysed using cellulase and xylanase producing 12.45 mg/g of reducing sugars. Further fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate was performed using different yeasts viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae I, Saccharomyces cerevisiae II, Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Zymomonas mobilis and maximum 11.10 g/l ethanol yield achieved with co-culture of S. cerevisiae II + P. stipitis with fermentation efficiency of 43.52% under method IV of SHF. The results have significant implications and further applications regarding production of fuel ethanol from agricultural lignocellulosic waste.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocaline (NGAL) an early predictive biomarker than Urea in contrast induced Nephropathy
Authors: M.* Shobha , Naidu Shanthi , R. Vijayaraghavan , M. Mujahid , S. Senthil Kumar
Published: June 2016

Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions depend on iodinated and non- iodinated contrast media and consequently pose the risk of contrast induced acute kidney injury (AKI). This is an important complication that accounts for significant number of cases of hospital acquired renal failure, with adverse effects on prognosis and health care. Aim of this study is to evaluate Neutrophil Gelatinase- Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as an early biomarker in AKI than that of urea. 30 animals were randomly divided into 10 different cages having 3 animals in each cage. Further cages were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 animals in a group). Dose of 0.5ml of iohexol was intraperitonealy injected into animals. Blood samples were collected by bleeding retroorbital plexus before and after inducing contrast and centrifuged serum was stored at -200c for further analysis. Increased levels of NGAL was indicated in group 2 (6 hours) and remained elevated in group 3 (12 hours) when compared to that of baseline levels before contrast. The levels of urea were increased in group 1 (3 hours) and group 3 (12 hours) after contrast when compared to level of baseline before contrast. Elevated levels of NGAL among the groups was statistically significant p<0.05. The increased level of urea at the end of 3 hours is probably due to dehydration after contrast induction. Estimation of serum NGAL after contrast induced radiological procedures especially after coronary angiogram may help to detect early kidney injury, so that preventive measures can be adopted to decrease the damage caused by the contrast induction.
Review on few South Indian medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Uddandapu* Phani Kumari , Y. Venkateswar Rao, , K. Chandrasekhara Naidu
Published: June 2016

The Plant kingdom is a storehouse of potential drugs. Plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. They play dual role in the development of new drugs. At first they act as a natural blueprint for the development of new drugs and secondly they can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases. Many evidences gathered from earlier studies which confirmed that the presence of variety of phytochemicals in plants contribute medicinal properties. In this present review, an attempt has been made to give an overview of few south Indian medicinal plants and their phytochemicals which are useful in the treatment of several infectious diseases.
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a case of Enteric Fever
Authors: Pande Vineeta , R. Agarkhedkar S. , Tandon* Ayank , Agarwal Aditya
Published: June 2016

HLH is an uncommon, life threatening clinical syndrome cause by a severe hyper inflammatory reaction triggered by an infectious agent. The characteristic symptoms of HLH are due to the persistent stimulation of lymphocytes and histiocytes, leading to hyper-cytokinemia. We report a case of HLH in enteric fever in a13 year old female presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia due an infection caused by Salmonella.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis BBX 21 Gene in Bg 250 Rice Enhances Its Architecture and Productivity
Authors: Ratnayaka R.M.L.K. , Jayasekera G.A.U. , Hettiarachchi G.H.C.M.
Published: June 2016

Arabidopsis BBX21 protein was identified as a transcription activator which can activate the light dependent transcription and positively regulate light mediated development of plants. The productivity of crop plants can be enhanced by over-expressing central regulators of light signaling pathway. The present study was conducted to enhance the productivity of Bg 250 Sri Lankan rice variety by overexpressing Arabidopsis BBX21 gene. The BBX21 gene was cloned into pPZP 200 binary vector and the cloned vector gene construct was transformed into Agrobarcteium tumefaciens GV3101 strain by freeze thaw method. The selected recombinant colonies of A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring BBX 21 gene were transformed into three weeks old Bg 250 rice callus. Selection of the transformed callus was conducted on N6B5 selection medium containing 50 mg/L gentamycin and 500mg/L cefotaxime. A total of putative 83 plants which showed resistant to gentamycin were subjected to PCR analysis and the results showed 69 of the regenerated plants are transgenic. The T1 seeds collected from putative transgenic plants were characterize to check its integration and inheritance. The transgenic plants which showed 3:1 ratio was selected and further grown to obtain its homozygous lines. The expression of BBX21 gene was demonstrated by northern blot analysis and the results showed 4 fold higher expression of BBX21 gene in the transgenic plants compared with its non-transgenic wild type plants. The phenotypic analysis of homozygous BBX21 transgenic plants showed improved plant height, leaf length, leaf area, number of panicles and bushy appearance compared with its non-transgenic plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate an involvement of BBX21 gene in rice modifying architecture and productivity of Bg 250 transgenic plants. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 240-246