bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Place of the Antler Wearers
Authors: Gallivan Martin D. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 addresses Werowocomoco’s archaeological and ethnohistorical records as well as the town’s role in the Virginia Algonquian spatial imaginary. Shortly after its establishment as a town circa A.D. 1200, Werowocomoco’s residents reconfigured the settlement’s spaces, constructing a residential area lining the river and an interior zone marked by a series of trenches. A biography of place and a close reading of colonial-era accounts suggest that Werowocomoco was reconfigured and redefined several times as a ritualized location. By the seventeenth century, Werowocomoco represented the center place of the Powhatan chiefdom and the scene of several consequential encounters with English colonists. The construction of monumental earthworks and chiefly architecture within Werowocomoco made reference to construction episodes dating centuries earlier, suggesting that Werowocomoco’s history of placemaking influenced Powhatan’s decision to move there during the sixteenth century. As a town that marked the transition from horticultural activities to hunting camps during the feasts and sacrifices of autumn, Werowocomoco also anchored the annual cycle.
The Isthmus in the Pre-European World
Authors: Delgado James P. , Mendizábal Tomás , Hanselmann Frederick H. , Rissolo Dominique
Published: May 2017

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the precontact isthmus, assessing settlement influenced by the marine environment, indigenous utilization of marine resources, and indigenous watercraft.
Conclusion
Authors: Delgado James P. , Mendizábal Tomás , Hanselmann Frederick H. , Rissolo Dominique
Published: May 2017

The conclusion synthesizes the themes of the preceding chapters—the theory of maritime cultural landscapes, for example—while drawing conclusions about the persistence and survival of indigenous groups like the Guna Yala and forecasting the effects of climate change on the isthmus.
Excavations in the Oroncota Inka Complex
Authors: Alconini Sonia
Published: May 2017

Chapter 5 focuses on the excavations conducted in the main Oroncota Inka complex, also known as Inkarry within the frontier zone. After a brief discussion of Inka architectural styles, this chapter examines the different architectural areas like plazas, rectangular kallankas, and the associated variations in the cultural assemblages. Excavations in adjacent residential areas offered a unique opportunity to explore the residents’ ethnic affiliation and feasting practices. At a temporal scale, this chapter examines the evolution of this Inka center.
Excavations in the Cuzcotuyo Inka Fortress
Authors: Alconini Sonia
Published: May 2017

Chapter 7 presents the results of my excavations in the fortification of Cuzcotuyo in the Khosko Toro mountains, a site described in the ethnohistoric narratives as one of the last defense bastions against the intruding Guaraní-Chiriguanos. The goal is to discern the nature and scale of the different activities conducted at the fortification, in light of the cultural materials and associated features. This section also offers a discussion of the evolution of a frontier fortification, and the shifting strategies of alliance and conflict with outer groups.
Introduction
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: May 2017

Virginia Woolf's diary is her longest, her longest sustained, and her last work to reach the public. The Introduction presents the book’s main argument, the new view that Woolf entered a second
stage as a diarist (after her first experimental stage)—that of her mature, spare, modernist diaries of 1918 to 1929. Woolf deliberately curbs her number of diary entries per year in this second stage, pushing the periodic diary about as far as it can go and still convey a life. The Introduction also documents Woolf’s increasingly inward turn across the 1920s and her continued modernist experiments with form, especially with the fragment. A diary’s inherent oppositions, its “symmetry … of discords” (Woolf’s diary phrase) allowed Woolf to explore a string of paradoxes: continuity and discontinuity, motion and stasis, impersonal and personal time. The insights of the great French diary theorist Philippe Lejeune are used to undergird the book’s argument that diary-writing now becomes a way of life for Virginia Woolf, “life insurance” that brings high returns. The Introduction also previews the book’s second major insight: the heretofore unexplored role of other diaries in Woolf’s revered modernist works.
Jealousy, Illness, and Diary Rescue
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: May 2017

Can a diary help heal and restore? Emphatically. In her 1921 diary Woolf faces two foes. The first is physical and mental exhaustion, a danger that will arise periodically across her life. In 1921, Hogarth Press work takes the time previously given to her diary—to her peril. In early January, she gives over her diary’s “casual half hours after tea” to Russian lessons for Hogarth Press translations of Chekhov, the Tolstoys, and more. The Woolfs also devote the year to printing Bloomsbury works, making the months ripe for rivalry—for literary envy of several shades. Woolf falls ill after hearing of James Joyce’s “prodigious” novel, Ulysses; however, once more she turns to her diary for rescue: to medicine herself. The diary becomes an anodyne, “a comforter” or “reliever of pain.” During this time, Woolf links arms with (and salutes) another literary doctor: Anton Chekhov. She draws the title of the only short story collection she publishes in her life, the 1921 Monday or Tuesday, from Chekhov’s Note-book[s], published the same month by the Hogarth Press.
Renewed Diary Experiment
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: May 2017

Woolf expands her 1926 diary. In February, she begins “a new convention”: starting each entry on a new page, her “habit in writing serious literature.” In May, she reaches outward toward public history with a diary of the General Strike. She then turns inward for eleven titled “State of Mind” probes: probes of the boundaries between sense, thought, and art. In October, she imagines “an endeavour at something mystic, spiritual; the thing that exists when we aren’t there.” The diaries she reads propel her toward this place. Across the year Woolf returns often to Beatrice Webb’s memoir My Apprenticeship, woven around diary extracts. These extracts supply notions for To the Lighthouse, The Waves, Flush, and Three Guineas—and especially for A Room of One’s Own and “Professions for Women.” In September, Woolf reviews the Journals of Thomas Cobden-Sanderson. His questing journals encourage Woolf’s search for “the mystical side of this solitude,” she writes, or what Webb calls the great Unknown. Soon after, Woolf reviews the Life of Benjamin Robert Haydon, Historical Painter, from his Autobiography and Journals. Haydon’s Journals offer her a memorable moment for To the Lighthouse and matter for A Room of One’s Own—and more.
People and Plants in the Precontact Caribbean
Authors: Smith David G.
Published: May 2017

Research work at the site of Canímar Abajo in northern Cuba, one of the rare Cuban sites investigated through systematic, large scale excavations, has yielded exciting new data that contribute to our understanding of two major themes in circum-Caribbean archaeology: 1. the timing of first migration to the Greater Antilles as well as the origins of the first settlers; and 2. the nature and timing of the origins of resource production in the Caribbean. The discovery of starch grains of maize (Zea mays), common bean (Phaseous sp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cassava (Manihot
esculenta) in dental calculus from burials at this site have important implications for discussions on food production in the Neotropics. Research results indicate that a community of people practicing a subsistence regime of fishing, gathering, hunting and plant cultivation was already established in the area of the Canímar River estuary by 1200 BC. It is argued that the first migrants most likely crossed to the Greater Antilles from mainland Central America well before 1200 BC, and brought cultivated species originating in Mexico (maize and beans) and in Central America (sweet potato) with them.
Diagnosis of the Processing Methods of Starch-Rich Foods in Archaeological Artifacts
Authors: Suárez Roberto Rodríguez , Cruz Palma Jorge Ezra , Ochoa Guillermo Acosta
Published: May 2017

Understanding the importance of plant food in the subsistence of local populations has been greatly enhanced by the study of starch grains that are specific to the Caribbean. Plants constituted an important part in the diet of the pre-Hispanic populations of Cuba in their various stages of development. However, weather conditions have not in general allowed the preservation of their traces in archaeological sites that would enable researchers to reconstruct nutritionary intakes of the past populations. As a result, a new method in analysis of food residues on artifacts made of stone, as well as in sediments, ceramics, and other materials, can make an important contribution in our understanding of the dietary activities of archaeological populations. Furthermore, understanding changes that the plant starch undergoes during thermal and mechanical processing is an important empirical tool for future analyses. In this chapter, the authors examine the criteria that can be used in the identification and analysis of starch grains of phaseolus (common bean) in archaeological record.
Sedentism and Mobility Patterns at Canímar Abajo Cemetery, Matanzas, Cuba
Authors: Roksandic Mirjana
Published: May 2017

Shell matrix sites as burial grounds are a common occurrence in littoral areas around the world. Canímar Abajo, an archaeological site in the Matanzas region of Cuba, is quite unique in presenting two levels of burial activities separated by roughly 1200 years of a midden layer. The Older Cemetery is dated at 1380–800 BC, while the Younger Cemetery is dated to AD 360–950. Chapter 5 examines differences between these two cemeteries in juvenile/adult (J:A) ratio and the mean childhood mortality (mcm) in order to assess changes in fertility pattern and potential sources of bias between the two buried populations. The elevated number of buried children is associated with high fertility in cemetery populations. High fertility has, in turn, been associated with a more sedentary lifestyle. Canímar Abajo—with its secure stratigraphic context and a substantial number of 14C dates on human skeletal remains—offers a possibility to examine these models in a single cemetery. The question of the persistent or changing identity of the occupants of the site and the persistence of a cemetery as a focal point after a 1200 year burial hiatus require the author to draw on multiple and varied lines of evidence.
Communities in Contact
Authors: Weston DarLene A. , Rojas Roberto Valcárcel
Published: May 2017

Cuba was among the first areas in the New World where contact occurred between indigenous Amerindian populations and Europeans. As the cemetery of El Chorro de Maíta encompasses indigenous use of the site through the pre-Columbian and post-contact period, it affords an opportunity to examine the influence of European contact on the health and paleodemography of the Amerindian population. Analysis of the 133 individuals at the site has revealed a population almost free of skeletal pathology, apart from a few cases of joint degeneration and minor trauma. The high proportion of young adult and child burials, coupled with a low number of mature adult burials is highly suggestive of a catastrophic mortality profile. The mortality profile and the relative paucity of pathological skeletal lesions suggests that acute infectious disease may have been an etiological factor in the construction of the site’s demography, as it is frequently believed that pre-Columbian Amerindian communities lacked immunity to the diseases brought to the New World by the first Europeans. The dynamic nature of Amerindian and European interactions can also be seen via analysis of the site’s variable mortuary practices, emphasizing the importance of combining osteological, taphonomic, and artifactual data when analyzing cemetery sites.
Isotopic Evidence of Variations in Subsistence Strategies and Food Consumption Patterns among “Fisher-Gatherer” Populations of Western Cuba
Authors: de Armas Yadira Chinique , Roksandic Mirjana , Suárez Roberto Rodríguez , Smith David G. , Buhay William M.
Published: May 2017

The Archaic populations of Cuba have been classified as “fisher-gathers” without agriculture or pottery. The introduction of domesticates into the island has been associated with the arrival of Agroceramist groups. In this chapter, the analysis of stable isotopes of 13C and 15N on 63 adult individuals from four Archaic sites from western Cuba is used to reconstruct the diet of their respective populations. The results indicate two different food consumption patterns. While Canímar Abajo population had a mixed diet dependent on marine resources and C3/C4 plants; Guayabo Blanco, Cueva del Perico I and Cueva Calero relied mostly on terrestrial protein sources (probably consuming only C3plants). The results show cultural heterogeneity among populations that coexisted in the island, as the authors present a compelling evidence for differences in subsistence practices of temporally and spatially close communities and examine the notion of uniform “phases” of economic development, current in Cuban and Caribbean research.
Beyond Sugar
Authors: Seiter Jane I.
Published: May 2017

Much has been written about the “sugar revolution” sweeping the islands of the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Recent work by archaeologists, however, has challenged this overarching narrative. On the island of St. Lucia, a program of landscape survey joined with a close analysis of maps and census records has revealed a very different pattern of landscape development. Underneath the remains of vast sugar estates with their monumental surviving architecture—the curing and boiling houses, lime kilns, windmills and water wheels—lies evidence of an earlier phase of small-scale plantations growing a surprising diversity of crops. Building on a legacy of subsistence agriculture inherited from the Amerindians, European settlers on St. Lucia carved out a patchwork of small holdings cultivating cotton, cocoa, coffee, tobacco, ginger, cassava, indigo, and bananas. The comparative absence of large sugar plantations allowed people without much capital to purchase and develop land, creating new opportunities for free people of color to amass wealth and gain political power. The emergence of this class of free black landowners had a profound impact on St. Lucian society, which in turn greatly affected the larger political struggles that rocked the Caribbean in the late eighteenth century.
Surveying a Long-Term Settlement on Potato Hill, Montserrat
Authors: Ryzewski Krysta , Cherry John F.
Published: May 2017

This chapter demonstrates the advantages of a survey-centered approach for examining cultural landscapes on Montserrat. Our case study focuses on the multi-method survey of the Potato Hill landscape employed during the 2013 field season of the Survey and Landscape Archaeology on Montserrat project. Potato Hill’s artifact assemblage is the largest and among the earliest historic-period collections of artifacts to be recovered on Montserrat from the 49 archaeological sites we have surveyed since 2010. The evidence suggests that Potato Hill was a non-elite settlement occupied by multiple communities and households between the late seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Understandings of Potato Hill’s changing use and inhabitants over the course of its long occupational history are situated within our survey results from the surrounding landscape, especially historic-period sugar plantations and military structures. This case study raises several questions concerning methodological approaches, temporal categories, scales of analysis, and material culture classification in Caribbean historical archaeology.
African Moravian Burial Sites on St. John and Barbados
Authors: Blouet Helen C.
Published: May 2017

This study investigates Barbados’s eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Moravian Christian burial sites to highlight processes of community building and culture change within mortuary contexts linked to larger political transformations, such as slave emancipation, across the island and Caribbean region. I identify historical variation in burial site materiality and spatiality to understand how burial grounds reflected and informed changes in policies and relationships within disparate congregations and the larger societies in which Moravian settlements existed. Through an examination of connections between changeable mortuary practices and social identities within shifting relationships of political power before and after the end of slavery, I highlight the significance of burial sites and commemorative practices to dynamic processes of Moravian community building, maintenance, and transformation within culturally diverse and complex societies.
The Archaeology of a Postemancipation Smallholder in the British Virgin Islands
Authors: Chenoweth John M.
Published: May 2017

In some ways, little except a legal status changed for many enslaved Africans when slavery ended in the British Colonies of the Caribbean, as land and capital were held by their former enslavers. In the British Virgin Islands, however, personal effort and a series of historical events led to the creation of many small, freehold farms held by the newly free. This chapter considers initial archaeological work at one of these, highlighting the creative negotiation of these women and men who held their own land despite living in an oppressive empire.
Postemancipation Shifts
Authors: Harris Khadene K.
Published: May 2017

After emancipation, land and the economic opportunities connected with landownership were important in individuals’ decisions about where to go and what to do. For this reason, the postemancipation period – much like its antecedent – is extraordinarily significant in terms of understanding how various territories in the Caribbean were reconstituted and became what they are today. The purpose of this paper is to examine changes that occurred on a Dominican plantation after 1838 using archaeological data, and by so doing, casting new light on the distinctive character of postemancipation life. I attempt to understand these shifts by focusing on the built environment and the changing use of space over time. Along with archaeological evidence, I engage with historical documents and ethnographic data to illustrate the preoccupations of the planter class during the postemancipation period and the ways in which the newly-freed Dominicans sought to exercise control over their own time and labor.
Military Material Life in the British Caribbean
Authors: Lenik Stephan T. , Beier Zachary J. M.
Published: May 2017

Previous research in British Caribbean colonies investigates the lives of free and enslaved military personnel during the period of Atlantic slavery, within the context of each outpost’s strategic significance. Less well known are militia infantry and artillery that were stationed at military sites from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. In Jamaica, Rocky Point Battery, later Fort Rocky, defended Kingston Harbor from the 1880s until the Second World War. Jamaican volunteer militia and enlisted men as well as European officers and engineers stationed at this battery chose a British military life that dictated a regime of rigid spatial and temporal segregation whereby imperial thinking was deployed as military strategy. This paper examines ceramics, tobacco pipes, and uniform parts as objects that reflect institutional material culture which strove for homogeneity, while simultaneously leaving room for asserting a complex set of affiliations and individuality in a setting structured by British imperialism and geographic isolation.
Double Consciousness and an African American Enclave
Authors: Fellows Kristen R.
Published: May 2017

Fleeing a tremendous rise in racial tensions and an American nationality increasingly defined by whiteness, a small group of free blacks fled the US for the island nation of Haiti in 1824 and settled in what is now Samaná, Dominican Republic. The descendants of the original settlers continued to self-identify as both “American” and “black” until the most recent generations. This chapter will focus on issues of communal identity within the globally connected Caribbean, with special attention paid to intersection of race and nationality. Oral historical and archival data will reveal how the American community in Samaná continuously negotiated the “double consciousness” of their African-American identity in a place influenced first by the black Republic of Haiti and later the white, Hispanic, and Catholic nationalism of the Dominican Republic; similar to many Caribbean communities the United States has also played an important role in the development, maintenance, and dissolution of this communal identity.
This Is about Pleasure
Authors: Alaimo Stacy
Published: May 2017

The first chapter considers domestic space as the defining container for the Western “human,” a bounded space wrought by delusions of safety, fed by consumerism, and fueled by nationalist fantasies. It advocates instead, by way of poetry, science fiction, and landscape art an ethics of inhabiting that revels in the pleasure of becoming with that radical otherness known as “nature.”
Oceanic Origins, Plastic Activism, and New Materialism at Sea
Authors: Alaimo Stacy
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter analyzes the poetry of Linda Hogan, the science writing of Rachel Carson, Neil Shubin and others, and the scholarship of Stefan Helmreich, Mark McMenanmin and Dianna McMenamin with the texts and films of plastic pollution activists and artists. This chapter considers the cultural work of narratives and figurations that connect human bodies to the sea. Even though the long evolutionary arc that ties humans to their aquatic ancestors may evoke modes of kinship with the seas, formulations that end with the human as a finished product of that process conclude too soon. A more potent marine trans-corporeality would submerge the human within global networks of consumption, waste, and pollution, capturing the strange agencies of the ordinary stuff of our lives.
Your Shell on Acid
Authors: Alaimo Stacy
Published: May 2017

The sixth chapter critiques the prevailing visual and theoretical models of the anthropocene from a material feminist perspective. It shifts the book’s focus from geological formations to the acidification of the ocean, insisting that the anthropocene must be thought with the countless sea creatures that will dissolve in mind.
Thinking as the Stuff of the World
Authors: Alaimo Stacy
Published: May 2017

The conclusion of Exposed critiques substantial paradigms by the ways of new materialism. It critiques object-oriented ontology by ways of material feminisms. It argues that there is no positions outside, no straight paths, no transparent global systems of knowledge, but only modest protests and precarious pleasures from within compromised locations shadowed by futures that will surely need repair.
Last Stop on the Underground Railroad, First Stop of Refried Segregation
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The second chapter provides a historical and contemporary overview of the internal structure of the school and the larger community in which it is embedded. It chronicles how today’s inequality in what one researcher identifies as “the promised land” (that is, suburbia) replicates the larger social, cultural, and economic forces that are implicated in the school’s academic practices and racial and gender expectations. Further, it is in this chapter that the author’s “nomadic subjectivities” and positionalities as an ethnographer are recorded. It relates specifically how the study was conducted and highlights the problems of obtaining the population of Black and White female students without the perceptions of teachers, school administrators, and parents.
Nadine
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The third chapter follows the ethnographical narrative of one of the girls of the study, Nadine. Specifically, it examines the role of language in class and racialized intra-/inter gender issues between and among the Black, White and biracial study participants and their unending quest for status and normalcy. This is done by chronicling how a Black girl’s physical response to being called two of the vilest racial and gender terms—the n-word and the b-word—in the same sentence lead immediately to a 5-day suspension, while the White girl who uttered the words was deemed blameless in the conflict.
Brittany
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter chronicles how one participant, Brittany, rejected her presumed White biological identity and opted, instead, to pass for Black. Compelled to leave her Black peers in the core city and live with her father in the suburban community because her custodial parent, her mother, feared that her daughter is becoming Black, Brittany defied hegemonic normality and was consigned to a non privileged social space, not so much by her peers but by the adults at the school, as they describe her, “she talks like a Black girl.”
Keyshia
Authors: Fordham Signithia
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter presents the narrative of a middle class Black girl, Keyshia, who is the former BFF of the Black girl, Nadine, whose narrative is presented in chapter three. Unlike her former friend whose Black identity is never challenged, this student sees herself as not quite “Black enough.” In response to this perception, she appears to embrace her lower class Black friend by stealing her boyfriend and opting to disengage from her usual stellar academic performance, a change so profound that everyone notices, but no one intervenes or offers support.
Future
Authors: Sheldon Rebekah
Published: May 2017

The first chapter considers the predictively foreclosed temporality through which popular environmentalism gains its sense. It reads the child as a crucial affective and conceptual technology allowing environmentalism to disavow its central insight that matter is mobile. It also looks into and compares the disavowal to feminist new materialist accounts of the queerness of matter.
Child
Authors: Sheldon Rebekah
Published: May 2017

In the conclusion of The Child to Come, the book asks, ‘What happens when the life figured by the child--innocent, self-similar human life at home on a homely Earth--no longer has the strength to hold back the vitality that animates it?’ This chapter looks at two kinds of texts that consider this question: Anthropocene cinema and Young Adult Fiction. By focusing on the role of human action, the Anthropocene obscures a far more threatening reality: the collapse of the regulative. In relation, both children’s literature and young adult literature grow out of and as disciplinary apparatuses trained on that fraught transit between the presumptive difference of those still in their minority and the socially necessary sameness that is inscribed into fully attained adulthood.
The Body, Unbounded
Authors: Richmond Scott C.
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter uses Alfonso Cuarón’s Gravity to offer an in-depth theoretical discussion of the term “proprioceptive aesthetics,” and offers a schematic discussion of the main aesthetic problems of the proprioceptive cinema. Taking Gravity as an exemplar and developing proprioceptive aesthetics in terms of its fundamental aesthetic problems, the chapter argues that in the locution proprioceptive aesthetics, the term proprioceptive is not merely some qualification of a previously understood aesthetics, but a modular adjective specifying a region of aesthetics. Rather, proprioceptive aesthetics entails the sense of aesthetics in which it names how we resonate with the world and attune ourselves to it.
Filet de Boeuf at the Tremont House
Authors: Erby Kelly
Published: May 2017

The first chapter deals with Boston's wealthy elite. They were the first to demand new kinds of public dining options. Though Americans had been scornful of European cultural models as enervating and corrupting, wealthy Bostonians increasingly looked to French modes for inspiration when it came to sophisticated dining. In the 1820s, Boston's upper class, in their role as “patrons of culture” organized the construction of the Tremont House in Boston. The main attraction of this Boston institution was its dining room and the opulent, heavily French-influenced cuisine it produced. In this chapter, the author examines the venue of the Tremont House and other luxurious public dining rooms that soon arose to compete against it for the patronage of the elites. In such venues, the Boston elite demonstrated itself to be a republican aristocracy and strove to enact social and cultural codes that, it hoped, would stabilize society. But these very codes also underscored, and in some ways facilitated, fluidity and mobility and thus undermined social and cultural hierarchies.
Charlotte Russe in the Afternoon
Authors: Erby Kelly
Published: May 2017

The third chapter presents that nineteenth-century dining venues, including eating houses, were male spaces and typically inaccessible to women. But middle- and upper-class women, through their expanding roles as the main consumers for their families and their participation in women's associations and reform activities, increasingly found themselves downtown in the middle of the day and in need of dining options of their own. In this chapter, the author turns to the growing number of dining establishments earmarked specifically for respectable, affluent women. These ladies’ dining venues strove to uphold mainstream gender ideals and distinguish themselves as appropriate for female use through their location, décor, and menu, all gendered as feminine. Nevertheless, by providing semipublic spaces for women to patronize, ladies’ eateries helped to draw women into the public sphere, thus posing a fundamental challenge to gender norms. The public and commercial dining activities of respectable women also became a vehicle for the discussion of anxieties associated with the rise of consumer pleasures.
For the Children?
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

For the Children argues that the child is a critical figure to the understanding of the struggle to dismantle America’s prison nation. The child--and all producing institutions including schools, families, and juvenile justice systems--is a key technology of a shifting carceral regime. New forms of surveillance are invented to safeguard children, and new categories of crimes are required to mold the child into an appropriate adult. Childhood has historically never been available to all. Yet in the work to challenge or dismantle this carceral apparatus all too often naturalizes and invokes the very artifacts and technologies--the child--that reproduces and expands the logics at the core of the prison nation. As the nation begins to engage in rethinking facets of our prison nation, the child represents a significant and intimate thread, one that anti-prison organizers, prisons, and educational studies scholars must examine.
Introduction
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

In the introduction of For the Children the chapter opens with a community response to the closure of a prison. Local residents protested the closure, stating that the action would harm their community and the potential futures of their children. This narrative is not at all unique, as there are many instances across America of prisons closings being protested. America is, with over two million individuals locked behind bars, a prison nation. Nor is using the figure of the child unique. Child saving emerges in multiple social, political, and economic struggles and does indeed have legislative consequences that determine the rights of individuals.
Magical Age
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

The first chapter explores the shifting conceptions of children and childhood, particularly in the context of the criminal/legal systems. Throughout history the emphasis of the child and childhood arouse due to the decrease of infant mortality, the increase of literary rates, and the emerging discourses of human development. Children were no longer seen as smaller versions of adults, but as future adults. However, these constructions also developed along deep racial lines, as the figure of white children were innocent and sentient, and therefore fully human, while black children were excluded from innocence and access to sentience, not fully human, and therefore not a part of childhood.
The Trouble with the Child in the Carceral State
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

The second chapter focuses on the circulation of real and imagined children in four movements that surround the carceral state to illustrate how the invocation of children/childhood, even with the best of intentions, functions to strengthen regimes and logics that make everyone, even the child, less secure.
Life and Death
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter works with three overlapping narratives and unfinished reports about the “re-entry from prison” to illustrate how punishment exceeds outside of prisons walls, and how meanings associated with the child augment precarity.
Registering Sex, Rethinking Safety
Authors: Meiners Erica R.
Published: May 2017

The sixth chapter challenges the state’s response to sexual violence against children (and women) and argues that critiquing the popular construction of the sex offender and the growth of associated registries and notification laws must be a focal point of work for not only anti-prison scholars and activists but those invested in ending sexual violence.
Buildings
Authors: LeCavalier Jesse
Published: May 2017

The second chapter examines Walmart’s collection of building types to show how new technologies related to information production and management enrolled architecture into logistical systems with formal, spatial, and organizational implications.
Conclusion
Authors: LeCavalier Jesse
Published: May 2017

The conclusion of The Rule of Logistics considers some of the implications of logistics for architectural form, the roots of logistics in desire, and infrastructure as a site of collective investment and imagination.
Subsidizing Capital and Expanding Low-Wage Work
Authors: Karjanen David J.
Published: May 2017

The first chapter looks at the background of San Diego’s inner city revitalization, the targeting and subsidization of specific industries, and the politics involved in the process. Since the 1970s, growing inequality, declining economic mobility, and an erosion of standardized work and wages for most Americans has reshaped the postwar U.S. economy. The dominant shift throughout the 1980s and 1990s saw more neoliberal economic policies adopted at the federal level and below. These coincided or overlapped with urban devolution, reduced federal funding for urban renewal programs, a shift toward more conservative-favored efforts like enterprise zones, and the elimination of welfare as a system of income supports. All of these changes resulted in growing income inequality and greater economic and labor market polarization overall, and they left many inner-city residents isolated and with high rates of joblessness.
Working on, off, and around the Books
Authors: Karjanen David J.
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter looks at informal, or “off-the-books,” employment and how integral it is in low-income communities, particularly for those who cannot afford vital services or do not earn enough through their primary occupation. Traditionally, this type of “street hustling” has been viewed as on the peripheries of urban economic activity. The chapter includes an analysis of informal work alongside other forms of low-wage labor precisely because when looked at it analytically, this type of wage labor is not marginal, but is in fact integral to the economy of the urban and working poor.
Conclusion
Authors: Karjanen David J.
Published: May 2017

The concluding chapter of The Servant Class City provides a review of the key issues and makes policy suggestions. The lack of economic mobility in the United States is a growing problem across socioeconomic and racial/ethnic demographics. The central research question regarding economic mobility is why so many people in low-income families have a difficult time moving out of the bottom rungs. The chapter also criticizes the current status of urban policy.
Special Zones
Authors: Hirsh Max
Published: May 2017

The third chapter continues the theme of accommodating travelers despite architectural and social conventions by studying cross border bus networks between Hong Kong and the Chinese city of Shenzhen. These networks developed due to the differences in aviation regulations that made it easier to fly internationally from Hong Kong and cheaper to fly domestically (i.e. within China) from Shenzhen. The de-facto specialization of the two airports produced a system of “cross-boundary” coach terminals at shopping malls and border crossings located throughout Hong Kong and Shenzhen. An ethnographic study of air passengers traveling between the two cities revealed how the increase in cross-border traffic has affected a fundamental redesign of the border zone that separated Hong Kong from the Mainland.
Land of Smoke and Mirrors
Authors: Sojoyner Damien M.
Published: May 2017

The third chapter analyzes the mechanisms that have fuelled the rise of draconian discipline policies and normalized violent within public education. It traces the contemporary history that gave rise to punitive policy formation in Southern California and questions the intent of such legislations.
By All Means Possible
Authors: Sojoyner Damien M.
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter elucidates a needed connection between the competing visions of the education of Black people and the current iterations of the educative process. The construction of this chapter in this manner is of great importance, as a major flaw in the school to prison pipeline analytic framework is a historical representation of the issues that are central to the discussion.
A Brief Genealogy of Anarchist Geographies
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: May 2017

The first chapter informs the reader of the ongoing and manifold potential for anarchist geographies. It is a review of the existing literature on anarchist literature, tracing the origins, developments, flourishings, declines, and renewals of anarchism within geography. It introduces geographical theories and argues for more practice-based imperatives where building solidarities, embracing reciprocity, and engaging in mutual aid speaks to the ‘freedom of geography’ and its latent capacity to shatter its own disciplinary circumscriptions.
What Geography Still Ought to Be
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: May 2017

The second chapter establishes a manifesto for anarchist geographies, serving as a proverbial call to nonviolent arms for geographers and non-geographers who seek to put an end to the seemingly endless series of tragedies, misfortunes, and catastrophes that characterize the miasma and malevolence of the current neoliberal moment. While it may seem that anarchism supports violence, its position against the state, and in particular the monopolization, institutionalization, and codification of violence that such a spatial organization represents, would mean that anarchism, in fact, offers an alternative geographical imagination that refuses violent means. Anarchist geographies is instead a means of provoking a more liberationist framework that potentially breaks from both the discursive formation of neoliberalism and the limitations of Marxism in relation to contemporary struggles.
Returning to Geography’s Radical Roots
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: May 2017

The third chapter questions how radical geographers have been preoccupied with Marxism for four decades, largely ignoring earlier anarchist traditions that thrived a century before radical geography was claimed as Marxist in the 1970s. It deals with anarchism’s relationship to other social ideologies, specifically Marxism, but also such movements as neoliberalism and feminism. Anarchism has always been willfully excluded from its places in the socialist movement, and this is to the benefit of the Marxian perspective, as it presents their ideology as the only serious anticapitalist option. Anarchism, at its core, is not synonymous with chaos and collapse, nor is it opposed to organization. At its truth, it is about actively reinventing the everyday though a desire to create new forms of non-hierarchical organizations.
Integral Anarchism
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: May 2017

The fifth chapter seeks to position anarchism as an ethical philosophy of nonviolence and the absolute rejection of war. The argument contextualizes outside of religion and within the processual framework of radical democracy and agonism in seeking to redress the ageographical and ahistorical notions of politics that comprise the contemporary post-political zeitgeist. If archy is generically understood as systematized rule, it stands to reason that any form of it must be learned. Before children are born into identities, nationalities, religions, genders, or otherwise, they are simply babies. Babies know nothing of the political, economic, social, and cultural structures and strictures into which they have arrived. At the moment of birth, they are “radical equals”, and in this way peace is attainable.
The Anarchist Horizon
Authors: Springer Simon
Published: May 2017

The sixth and last chapter of the book argues that politics should operate horizontally rather than vertically. This ontological shift suggests a need not wait for the emergence of a ‘greater’ class-consciousness, as one can immediately disengage capitalism be reorienting economic landscapes in alternative ways. Of the socialist movements of history, Marxism has had its faults. Under Marxism, the oppressed rise up and seize state power. A few selected caretakers then make promises to destroy it after a period of transition. But the supposed withering away of the state never comes. This is a matter of decentralization, to which anarchism works itself best in. Non-hierarchical vision of geography gains significant traction when humans reject scale and embrace an anarchist flat ontology.
Welcome to Milton High
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

Beginning with an autobiological account, the introduction of A Curriculum of Fear relates the author’s interest in schools featuring specialized Homeland Security program, especially Milton High School. Based on the author’s fieldwork and rooted in political geography, sociology, and critical education studies, this book examines the inner workings of Milton and its Homeland Security program. As the first ethnography of a U.S. public school with a specialized Homeland Security program, it explores how synchronizing the school with the needs of the national security industry shaped its students understandings of the world and their place in it. Moving messily between scales, this ethnography traces how Milton, by design, undertook the epistemic, political, and emotional work needed to train its students as the next generation of national security workers. By investigating this remaking of Milton, it documents the deep implications of these national security pedagogies on young people’s psyches, social imaginaries, and daily interactions.
Teaching War and Feeling Fear
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

The first chapter locates Milton High School within national efforts to install militarized regimes of discipline in public education through the corporate takeover of schools, wage war under the banner of national security, and draw young people into the war-making business through fear by examining the genealogies of neoliberal school reform, zero-tolerance school policies, school militarization, and fear in U.S. politics. Knitting these strands together lends itself to an understanding of how the Milton school staff thought about the shifting purposes of education, the needs of their students, and the role of national security in their daily lives.
This Is Your Future
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

The third chapter details the social and historical contexts of Milton High School that gave rise to its Homeland Security program. Based on Milton’s earlier school reform efforts aimed at preparing poor and working class youth of color for the technical workforce, the school eventually narrowed its focus to issues of, and jobs related to, national security.
Teaching Terrorism
Authors: Nguyen Nicole
Published: May 2017

The fourth chapter looks in-depth at Milton’s curriculum to investigate how the Homeland Security program centered on threat and insecurity by exploring topics such as agro-terrorism, bio-terrorism, chemical warfare, cybersecurity, and school shootings. This chapter especially illustrates how military values and national security priorities inflected everyday life in Milton’s Homeland Security program.
Holidays in the Danger Zone
Authors: Lisle Debbie
Published: May 2017

Holidays in the Danger Zone traces the usually overlooked connections between warfare and tourism. It shows how a tourist sensibility shapes the behaviour of soldiers in war – especially the experiences of Western military populations deployed in ‘exotic’ settings. This tourist sensibility certainly includes the familiar military rotations of ‘Rest and Relaxation’ (R&R), but also more mundane episodes when soldiers transition from the battlefield into landscapes of leisure and tourism. The book also explores how a military sensibility shapes the development of tourism in post-war contexts, from the immediate instances of ‘Dark Tourism’ to the more established displays of conflict in museums, galleries and memorial sites. By focusing on the practices of soldiers as they become tourists and the experiences of tourists as they engage in representations of conflict, Holidays in the Danger Zone exposes the mundane and everyday entanglements between these two seemingly opposed worlds. It is primarily concerned with the extent to which war and tourism reinforce prevailing modes of domination within historically constituted global orders. To that end, it critically examines the war-tourism nexus as it developed through 19th Century Imperialism, the ‘total wars’ of WWI and WWII, the Cold War stalemate, Globalization in the 1990s and the recent War on Terror.
Tours of Duty, Tours of Pleasure
Authors: Lisle Debbie
Published: May 2017

Tourist practices to the Somme in the immediate aftermath of the Great War are politically significant because they mobilized contradictory experiences of commemoration, grief, reverence, leisure, spectacle and adventure. By the end of WWII, a much more toxic combination racism, patriarchy and dehumanization was at work as Allied forces made their way across the Pacific.
How Did Foucault Make Sense of the Iranian Revolution?
Authors: Ghamari-Tabrizi Behrooz
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Foucault’s essays on the Iranian Revolution. It argues that Foucault defended the revolution not despite of its Islamic character but because of it. He saw the revolution through its anti-teleological ambiguity and the political spirituality of it actors.
Misrepresenting the Revolution, Misreading Foucault
Authors: Ghamari-Tabrizi Behrooz
Published: May 2017

This chapter shows why Foucault’s critics misunderstood his writings on the Iranian revolution. This misunderstanding, the chapter argues, is based both on a misreading of Foucault’s critique of the Enlightenment rationality and a misrepresentation of the scope and objectives of the revolution.
Was ist Aufklärung?
Authors: Ghamari-Tabrizi Behrooz
Published: May 2017

This chapter scrutinizes the transformation of Foucault’s conception of history and the question of the subject after his encounter with the Iranian Revolution. The chapter illustrates that how the revolution informed Foucault’s writings toward the end of his life on questions of ethics, subjectivity, and the hermeneutics of the self.