bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Spraying Exogenous Hormones IAA and 6-BA on Sprouts of Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings After Stumping
Authors: Zhu Meiling , Cheng Sili , Tang Guangpeng , Hu Zhaoliu , Chen Lin , Tang Junrong , Xu Yulan , Cai Nianhui
Published: January 2025

Phytohormones play a very important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. In order to explore the effects of different exogenous hormones on the sprout growth of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings after stumping, different concentrations of exogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) were sprayed on one-year-old P. yunnanensis seedlings as the research object. The experiment used a 3 × 3 regression design with two factors and three levels. The results showed that both IAA and 6-BA could promote the sprout emergence of P. yunnanensis. The sprout number of single 6-BA was higher than that of single IAA, but the effect of mixed spraying was better than that of single spraying. The optimal combination of hormones was IAA (150 mg·L−1) and 6-BA (200 mg·L−1). After hormone spraying, the average length of the sprouts of P. yunnanensis seedlings showed a trend of first fast and then slow increase over time. Therefore, spraying exogenous hormones IAA and 6-BA will have a certain effect on P. yunnanensis sprouts, and finding the appropriate hormone spraying concentration (IAA 150 mg·L−1 and 6-BA 200 mg·L−1) can maximize the sprout ability of P. yunnanensis seedlings and be more conducive to seedling sprout growth.
A Study on the Dietary Yeast Polysaccharide Supplementation in Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunity of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Qin Junjie , Mi Haifeng , Ren Mingchun , Huang Dongyu , Liang Hualiang , Zhang Lu , Teng Tao , Yin Heng
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary yeast polysaccharide (YPS) supplementation on the growth performance, whole-body composition, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In this study, five diets with YPS levels of 0.00% (control), 0.05% (0.05Y), 0.10% (0.10Y), 0.15% (0.15Y), and 0.20% (0.20Y) were designed and prepared. A total of 300 healthy fish (3.20 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into 15 floating cages (1 × 1 × 1 m) in five different groups, with three replicates per group, for an 8-week culture experiment. The 0.10Y and 0.20Y groups had significantly higher feed conversion ratios compared with the control group. There was no significant effect on any of the other growth indicators. Plasma biochemical indices showed that the 0.10Y group exhibited the highest plasma alkaline phosphatase content and the 0.20Y group exhibited the highest plasma glucose content. Plasma antioxidant indices (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) and antioxidant genes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) were elevated in the 0.05Y or 0.10Y groups, and the malondialdehyde content decreased with increasing YPS concentration. Moreover, the 0.05Y group showed significantly higher immune-related gene (nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10) mRNA expression. Altogether, our results indicate that dietary YPS supplementation enhances the antioxidant and immune capacity of M. salmoides, but with no positive effect on their growth.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolic Bypass Plays a Crucial Role in Stress Tolerance and Biofilm Formation in C. sakazakii ATCC 29544
Authors: Wu Jiangchao , Yu Yigang , Liu Fengsong , Cao Yifang , Ren Jiahao , Fan Yiting , Xiao Xinglong
Published: January 2025

Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen characterized by its robust stress tolerance and ability to form biofilms, which facilitates its survival in powdered infant formula (PIF) processing environments for prolonged periods. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a kind of non-protein amino acid that acts as an osmoprotectant. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the gabT gene on the survival of C. sakazakii, GABA accumulation, and biofilm formation under desiccation, osmotic stress, and acid exposure. A gabT knockout strain of C. sakazakii was developed using gene recombination techniques. The GABA content and survival rates of both the wild-type and knockout strains were compared under various stress conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe cellular damage and biofilm formation. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The deletion of gabT resulted in enhanced GABA accumulation under different stress conditions, improving the bacterium’s tolerance to desiccation, osmotic pressure, and acid treatment. SEM images revealed that under identical stress conditions, the gabT knockout strain exhibited less cellular damage compared to the wild-type strain. Both strains were capable of biofilm formation under low osmotic pressure stress, but the gabT knockout strain showed higher GABA content, denser biofilm formation, and increased biofilm quantity. Similar trends were observed under acid stress conditions. The gabT gene plays a key role in modulating GABA accumulation, which enhances the stress tolerance and biofilm formation of C. sakazakii. These findings provide new insights into the role of GABA in bacterial survival mechanisms and highlight the potential for targeting GABA pathways to control C. sakazakii in food processing environments.
Effect of a Nutritional Education Intervention on the Reduction of Added Sugar Consumption in Schoolchildren in Southeastern Mexico: Community Study
Authors: Morales-Ruán Carmen , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Valenzuela-Bravo Danae Gabriela , Uribe-Carvajal Rebeca , Hernández-Palafox Corin , Medina-Zacarías María Concepción , Gómez-Humarán Ignacio Méndez
Published: January 2025

Consumption of added sugars negatively affects schoolchildren’s health, making it essential to promote strategies designed to reduce their intake through educational interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nutritional education intervention, INCAI, on the consumption of added sugars among schoolchildren in southeastern Mexico. A 9-month educational intervention was designed to promote healthy eating, physical activity, and the development of socio-emotional skills among primary school children. Information on the usual intake of foods and beverages was collected from 400 schoolchildren at the beginning and end of the intervention using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For the analysis, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was constructed using the Poisson distribution family to estimate the effect of the intervention. The relative incidence in the final stage showed a slight increase of 4% (p = 0.093) in the percentage of added sugars compared with the baseline levels in the control group. By contrast, the intervention effect, represented by the interaction between treatment and time, showed a 10% reduction in the final stage in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Based on these findings, the INCAI educational intervention effectively reduced added sugar consumption by 10% in the intervention group, while no significant reduction was observed in the control group. These results suggest that nutritional education programs can be a useful strategy for lowering added sugar intake among schoolchildren, highlighting the importance of incorporating such interventions into public health policies targeting child populations.
Evaluation of Fish Biosolids as a Fertilizer for Organic Tomato Transplant Production
Authors: Schembri Cicely , Kaczmar Nicholas , Osborn John , Timmons Michael B. , Mattson Neil S.
Published: January 2025

Interest among consumers in the availability of organically produced fruits and vegetables is increasing. Seafood demand is increasingly being met by fish raised using aquaculture methods that provide fish excretory products that can meet organic standards for nutrient sources for organic vegetables. We conducted an experiment in a glass greenhouse to evaluate fish biosolids as a substrate amendment for organic tomato transplant production. We compared the fish biosolids treatment to several different organic fertilizers, along with a commonly used inorganic slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote). All treatments used a target N concentration of 400 mg/L incorporated into the substrate and we also included fish biosolids treatments of 200 and 800 mg N/L. Plant performance was monitored for 4 weeks starting with commercially available 2-week-old seedlings. The results showed that the 800 mg N/L fish biosolids treatment compared very favorably with the conventional Osmocote treatment at the conclusion of the trial. The 800 mg N/L fish biosolids treatment exceeded the Osmocote treatment for chlorophyll content and for leaf number for the first 3 weeks of the 4-week trial. Grower management protocols could further improve seedling performance by providing additional top dressings of fish biosolids or fish effluent waters as plants age.
Study on the Stage Method of the Water Environmental Capacity Flood Season in the Ningxia Section of the Yellow River
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Hongrui
Published: January 2025

The rational use of the water environmental resources of the main stream of the Yellow River, which is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the control of and reduction in water environmental pollution, especially in relation to water quality safety, have become important issues that must be considered in Ningxia’s economic and social development. Due to the influence of monsoons, river runoff in most of the river basins in China is mainly concentrated in the flood season, and its distribution is extremely uneven within and among years. Therefore, an analysis of the seasonal change law of heavy rainfall and flooding and a scientific and rational staging of the flood season can fully demonstrate the comprehensive benefits of the river and also address the inevitable need to master and utilize the capacity of the water environment. In this study, the abundant, level, and absent year division of the Ningxia section of the main stream of the Yellow River was carried out using the percentage of parity and the guarantee rate methods. Several commonly used flood periods staging methods were studied, and their applicable conditions were preliminarily analyzed. The research results not only provide a reference for the relevant management departments, a decision-making basis for rational planning, and the scientific and appropriate development of river basins but they also have scientific research significance.
The Functional Identification of the CYP2E1 Gene in the Kidney of Lepus yarkandensis
Authors: Shao Dingwei , Sheng Ke , Chao Bing , Tong Yumei , Jiang Renjun , Zhang Jianping
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify the function of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene in the kidneys of Lepus yarkandensis. CYP2E1 is a significant metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds and is associated with the occurrence and progression of multiple diseases. Given L. yarkandensis’s ability to survive in the extremely arid L. yarkandensis, we hypothesize that CYP2E1 in its kidneys plays a crucial role in adaptability. Through molecular cloning and sequence analysis, we discovered that the CYP2E1 gene of Lepus yarkandensis encodes a protein of 493 amino acids. The 493-amino acid protein encoded by the Lepus yarkandensis CYP2E1 gene shows 13 amino acid variation sites compared to the homologous protein in Oryctolagus cuniculus. The protein is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lacks transmembrane structures. In the yeast expression system, the heterologous expression of the CYP2E1 gene enhanced the yeast’s tolerance to drought, salinity, and high temperatures, achieved by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing levels of oxidative stress markers. Additionally, this study identified a “Yeast Oxidative Stress Lethal Threshold (Yeast OSLT)” under specific stress conditions. Once this threshold is exceeded, the cell’s antioxidant defense system can no longer maintain cellular homeostasis, leading to massive cell death. Although CYP2E1 did not change this threshold, it contributed to cell survival to some extent. These findings not only reveal the function of L. yarkandensis CYP2E1 in stress adaptation but also provide valuable molecular insights into its survival strategy in extreme environments.
Exploring CAR T-Cell Dynamics: Balancing Potent Cytotoxicity and Controlled Inflammation in CAR T-Cells Derived from Systemic Sclerosis and Myositis Patients
Authors: Dingfelder Janin , Taubmann Jule , von Heydebrand Franziska , Aigner Michael , Bergmann Christina , Knitza Johannes , Park Soo , Cheng Joseph K. , Van Blarcom Thomas , Schett Georg , Mackensen Andreas , Lutzny-Geier Gloria
Published: January 2025

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) are autoimmune diseases managed with long-term immunosuppressive therapies. Hu19-CD828Z, a fully human anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with a CD28 costimulatory domain, is engineered to potently deplete B-cells. In this study, we manufactured Hu19-CD828Z CAR T-cells from peripheral blood of SLE, IIM, and SSc patients and healthy donors (HDs). CAR-mediated, CD19-specific activity of these cells was evaluated in vitro by assessing cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and proliferation assays in response to autologous CD19+ B-cells, the CD19+ NALM-6 B-cell line, or a CD19− U937 non-B-cell line as targets. The results demonstrated an increased proliferation of Hu19-CD828Z CAR T-cells and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against primary autologous and NALM-6 B-cells compared to non-transduced controls or co-cultures with non-B-cells. Notably, autoimmune-patient-derived CAR T-cells produced lower levels of inflammatory cytokines than healthy-donor-derived CAR T-cells in response to CD19+ B-cell targets. These data support the potential of Hu19-CD828Z and its therapeutic cell product KYV-101 as a therapeutic strategy to achieve deep B-cell depletion in SLE, IIM, and SSc patients, and highlights its promise for broader application in B-cell-driven autoimmune disorders.
Searching for More Effective Food Baits for Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Performance of Newly Developed Vial-Lures Relative to Torula Yeast Borax
Authors: Enkerlin Walther , Arevalo Emilio , Caballero Jose Eduardo , Fezza Thomas , Garavelli Esteban , Martinez Diana Beatriz , Rodriguez Pedro Alexander , Shelly Todd , Thomas Milthon Edgardo , Villaseñor Antonio , Flores Salvador
Published: January 2025

Food-baited traps are an important part of early detection programs for invasive tephritid fruit fly species, as they are attractive to both sexes of all targeted species. Torula yeast borax (TYB) mixture is a standard food bait, but its longevity is limited (1–2 weeks). Synthetic food-based lures have been developed, including ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine. However, the different formulations of these synthetic lures vary greatly in their attractiveness and longevity. Here, we present the results of field trapping in several Central and South American countries as well as Hawaii that compared captures of Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha spp., and Bactrocera dorsalis in traps baited with torula yeast borax, which was replaced weekly, versus traps baited with newly developed vial-lures, which contained the same three components noted above and were not replaced over 6–10 weeks of trapping. In all countries, captures of C. capitata in vial-lure-baited traps were equal to or greater than captures in TYB-baited traps. However, the vial-lures attracted fewer B. dorsalis than TYB, and data were inconsistent for Anastrepha spp. The implications of these results for large-scale detection programs are discussed.
The Importance of Post-Inflammatory Polyps (PIPs) in Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Candel Ivanna , Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Bessissow Talat , Lakatos Peter L.
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), encompassing Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The association between IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC) is well-documented. Multiple factors have been identified as contributors to the risk of developing CRC in patients with IBD, including duration of disease, disease extension, family history of CRC, co-existance of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and potentially the presence of post-inflammatory polyps (PIPs). PIPs, often referred to as pseudopolyps, are polypoid structures that emerge as a result of severe mucosal inflammation. While their presence has been linked to greater disease severity, the role of PIPs in increasing CRC risk remains controversial. Increasing evidence suggests an association between post-inflammatory polyps (PIPs) and the risk of colorectal neoplasia, with PIPs potentially serving as an indicator of this risk through a history of enhanced inflammation. PIPs may also be linked to a distinct patient phenotype, including the presence of other known risk factors. More recent studies suggest that the risk burden (characterized by a high number or by large polyps) may be important. However, the evidence remains inconsistent, with some studies showing no clear association between PIPs and CRC risk after adjusting for other factors, including histological inflammation. In contrast, the data suggest a low rate of malignant transformation of the PIPs themselves. This narrative review aims to summarize the latest evidence regarding the relationship between PIPs and CRC in IBD, with a focus on UC. While some studies suggest that PIPs may serve as markers of higher disease severity and inflammation, their direct contribution to CRC risk remains unclear. Further research is needed to explore the inflammatory and carcinogenic pathways in patients with PIPs to better understand their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development.
A Pilot Case Series on the Use of a Large Mushroom-Shaped Corneal Graft for the Surgical Management of Post-Penetrating Keratoplasty Ectasia and Endothelial Failure
Authors: Moramarco Antonio , Fontana Luigi , di Geronimo Natalie , Rapezzi Giulio , Savini Giacomo , Viola Pietro , Mete Maurizio , Romano Vito
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surgical technique for managing post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK) ectasia complicated by late endothelial failure (LEF). Methods: A single-center pilot case series was conducted regarding consecutive patients affected by post-PK ectasia with late graft failure. Using a microkeratome, a single donor cornea was dissected to prepare a two-piece graft, comprising a larger anterior lamella made up of anterior stroma and a smaller posterior lamella made up of posterior stroma, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium. The two lamellae were then positioned on the appropriately prepared recipient cornea. The technique was applied to 15 patients between 2022 and 2023, and data were retrospectively collected from preoperative evaluations and at 1, 6, and 12 months, post-operatively. At each visit, patients underwent standard clinical evaluation, corneal topography, and endothelial cell density evaluation, and visual acuity was measured using a LogMAR chart. Results: The technique restored normal corneal curvature and achieved a clear graft in all patients, leading to the resolution of preoperative ectasia and improved corneal pachymetry. At the one-year follow-up, the average K was reduced from 51.1 ± 4.5 D to 43.5 ± 1.1 D; the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was improved from 1.1 ± 0.4 to 0.3 ± 0.2 LogMAR; the central corneal thickness was reduced from 629 ± 39 μm to 532 ± 45 µm; and the endothelial cell density was 1926 ± 199 cells/mm2. None of the patients developed severe complications. Conclusions: The two-piece manual mushroom PK may represent an effective technique for managing complex post-PK ectasia cases combined with endothelial decompensation.
Trends in Microbiology 2024
Authors: Rampelotto Pabulo Henrique , Kolář Milan
Published: January 2025

Microbiology is a key component of modern science, significantly influencing various fields, such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental management, particularly through the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health [...]
Pilot Study on AI Image Analysis for Lower-Limb Reconstruction—Assessing ChatGPT-4’s Recommendations in Comparison to Board-Certified Plastic Surgeons and Resident Physicians
Authors: Graul Silke , Pais Michael A. , Loucas Rafael , Rohrbach Tobias , Volkmer Elias , Leitsch Sebastian , Holzbach Thomas
Published: January 2025

AI, especially ChatGPT, is impacting healthcare through applications in research, patient communication, and training. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine ChatGPT-4’s ability to analyze images of lower leg defects and assesses its understanding of complex case reports in comparison to the performance of board-certified surgeons and residents. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria, where 52 participants reviewed images depicting lower leg defects within fictitious patient profiles and selected the optimal reconstruction techniques. The questionnaire included cases with varied difficulty, and answer options did not always include the most obvious choices. Findings highlight that ChatGPT-4 successfully evaluated various reconstruction methods but struggled to determine the optimal solution based on the available information in visual and written forms. A chi-squared test of independence was performed to investigate the overall association between answer options (A, B, C, and D) and rater group (board-certified surgeons, ChatGPT-4, and resident). Inter-group rater associations showed significant overall test results (p < 0.001), with high agreement among board-certified surgeons. Our results suggest that board-certified plastic surgeons remain essential for patient-specific treatment planning, while AI can support decision-making. This reaffirms the role of AI as a supportive tool, rather than a replacement, in reconstructive surgery.
Overall Warehouse Effectiveness (OWE): A New Integrated Performance Indicator for Warehouse Operations
Authors: Chiaraviglio Alessandro , Grimaldi Sabrina , Zenezini Giovanni , Rafele Carlo
Published: January 2025

Background: Warehouses play a vital role in logistics systems, not only for storing goods but also for providing value-added services. To improve warehouse productivity and reduce costs, it is essential to measure their performance and identify inefficiencies. Method: This paper introduces a new aggregated key performance indicator (KPI), called Overall Warehouse Effectiveness (OWE), to evaluate the efficiency effectiveness of the physical structure of a warehouse. OWE utilizes the concepts of Availability, Performance and Quality, similar to the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) metric used in manufacturing. Results: The proposed indicator is then applied to a case study to demonstrate its use and provide theoretical and practical implications. Conclusions: In terms of theoretical implications, the proposed metric fills a gap in the literature by providing an aggregated indicator specifically designed for storage systems. For practitioners, OWE enables the identification of efficiency waste, customer service faults and adequacy of inventory management policies.
Accelerated Method for Determining the Fatigue Limit of Trabecular Bone
Authors: Cichański Artur , Topoliński Tomasz , Nowicki Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an experimental method for estimating the fatigue limit of trabecular bone using a single trabecular bone sample, the microstructural parameters of which were determined by microCT. Fatigue tests were carried out using the Locati method, with stepwise increasing load amplitude. The fatigue limits of the trabecular structures were determined experimentally in accordance with Miner’s law of fatigue damage accumulation, based on the parameters of the reference S-N curve taken from the literature. On the basis of the fatigue limits, the S-N curves were determined for the tested samples, and from them the compressive strength USS-N corresponding to the fatigue limit for the N = 1 cycle. Ultimate compressive strength US was determined as a result of compression to failure tests. Computational dependencies combining the BV/TV index with US and the BMD index with US were formulated. To verify the proposed method, two groups of human trabecular bone samples were analysed: n = 42 were tested under monotonic loading, and n = 61 were tested under cyclic loading with stepwise increasing amplitude. The statistical test of the distribution conformity of the calculated USS-N compressive strength to the experimental US ultimate strength was performed. The results of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical test were D = 0.19 (p = 0.314). The agreement of the distributions of BV/TV, as determined experimentally and calculated from the computational dependencies, was also tested statistically, with the result of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test being D = 0.286 (p = 0.065). A similar analysis performed for BMD yielded D = 0.238 (p = 0.185).
Correlation of Solidification Thermal Variables with Microstructure and Hardness in CuMn11Al8Fe3Ni3 Manganese–Aluminum–Bronze Alloy
Authors: Luca Ricardo de , Nascimento Paulo Henrique Tedardi do , Santos Vinicius Torres dos , Silva Marcio Rodrigues da , Lobo Flavia Gonçalves , Teram Rogerio , Nascimento Mauricio Silva , Couto Antonio Augusto , Filho Anibal de Andrade Mendes , dos Santos Givanildo Alves
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of a final product are directly influenced by the solidification process, chemical composition heterogeneity, and the thermal variables during solidification. This study aims to analyze the influence of solidification thermal variables on the microstructure, hardness, and phase distribution of the CuMn11Al8Fe3Ni3. The alloy was directionally and upward solidified from a temperature of 1250 °C. Heat extraction occurred through a water-cooled AISI 1020 steel interface. The thermal variables were recorded using a data acquisition system, with temperature monitored at seven different positions, where cooling rates varied from 13.03 °C/s at the closest position to 0.23 °C/s at the farthest. The Brinell hardness decreased from 199 HB at the highest cooling rate position to 184 HB at the slowest cooling rate position. This indicates that higher cooling rates increase the hardness of the alloy, which can be attributed to the stabilization of the metastable β phase with refined and equiaxial grains due to iron addition. Vickers microhardness was observed in regions subjected to slower cooling (244 HV) compared to faster cooling regions (222 HV). Therefore, the correlation between solidification thermal variables and alloy properties provides valuable insights into the relationship between microstructure and the properties of the CuMn11Al8Fe3Ni3 alloy.
Supercritical CO2-Stable Cementing Materials Based on Vinyl Ester Resin for Maintaining Wellbore Integrity
Authors: Li Zhong , Yin Zhiming , Zhou Dingzhao , Wu Zhiqiang , Wang Daohang , Guan Shuwen , Du Guangyan
Published: January 2025

Ensuring long-term wellbore integrity is critical for carbon dioxide geological storage. Ordinary Portland cement (PC) is usually used for wellbore primary cementing and plug operation, and set cement is easily corroded by acidic fluids, such as carbon dioxide, in underground high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) environments, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties and an increase in permeability. In order to achieve long-term wellbore integrity in a CO2-rich environment This study introduces materials such as thermosetting vinyl ester resin (TSR), filler composite resin (FCR), and low-cost resin cement (RC). Corrosion experiments were conducted using four materials in 28 days under supercritical carbon dioxide gas and water phase conditions of 60 °C and 10 MPa. The samples were characterized through mechanical property testing machines, core permeability measuring instruments, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The results proved that after corrosion, PC mechanical properties decreased, the permeability increased, and the microscopic composition and morphology changed greatly. Penetrating corrosion occurs in the sample in the gas phase environment, and propulsive corrosion from outside to inside occurs in the water phase environment. However, TSR, FCR, and RC materials all maintain excellent resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion in gas and water environments. They have higher compressive strength and extremely low permeability compared to ordinary Portland cement. These three materials’ compressive strengths can be maintained around 131, 99, and 58 MPa, and permeability can be stabilized at <6 × 10−7, <6 × 10−7, and 0.16 mD levels. In summary, the above three materials all show better performance than ordinary Portland cement and are promising alternative materials that can be used in primary cementing and plug operations of carbon dioxide geological storage wells.
Estimation of Compressive Strength of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Kaolin Clay Mixture Using Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Duranay Zeynep Bala , Aslan Topçuoğlu Yasemin , Gürocak Zülfü
Published: January 2025

Background: In this study, the unconfined compressive strength (qu) of a mixture consisting of clay reinforced with 24 mm-long basalt fiber was estimated using extreme learning machine (ELM). The aim of this study is to estimate the results closest to the data obtained through experimental studies without the need for experimental studies. The literature review reveals that the ELM technique has not been applied to predict the compressive strength of basalt fiber-reinforced clay, and this study aims to provide a novel contribution in this area. Methods: The experimental studies included data derived from a series of mixtures where water contents of 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% were combined with kaolin clay reinforced with 24 mm-long basalt fiber at reinforcement rates of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Based on the experimental results obtained for these mixtures, an ELM model was developed to predict the qu. Results: ELM, recognized for its computational efficiency and high predictive accuracy, demonstrated exceptional performance in this application, achieving an R value of 0.9976 and an RMSE of 0.0001. Furthermore, this study includes a figure representation illustrating that the ELM-based predictions align closely with the experimental results, underscoring its reliability. Conclusions: To further validate its performance, ELM was compared with other artificial intelligence models through a 5-fold cross-validation approach. The analysis revealed that ELM outperformed its counterparts, achieving a remarkable RMSE value of 0.000174, thereby solidifying its capability to accurately estimate the compressive strength of the soil under varying reinforcement and water content conditions. Thus, it is aimed to save labor, material, and time.
Influence of Laser Shock Peening on the Bobbin Tool Friction Stir-Welded AW6060 Alloy
Authors: Balos Sebastian , Pecanac Milan , Rajnovic Dragan , Barenyi Igor , Chochlikova Henrieta , Zlatanovic Danka Labus , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Knezev Milos , Radisic Slobodan , Majerik Jozef
Published: January 2025

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process that uses a rotating tool to soften and stir the base metal, thereby joining it. A special type of tool that has attracted the interest of researchers is the so-called bobbin tool (BTFSW), which, unlike conventional tools with one shoulder, features two shoulders that envelop the base metal from both the top and bottom sides. As a result, significant tensile stresses develop on both sides of the weld, caused by the action of both tool shoulders. In this paper, this issue was addressed by applying laser shock peening (LSP), aiming to introduce compressive stresses, which can be useful as a post-processing technique for BTFSW on both weld sides. It was found that this process completely alters residual stresses in the treated area, from tensile to compressive, through shock waves that impart plastic deformation in the surface layer. It was shown that the LSP effect is more pronounced as the accumulated energy is higher. As a consequence, the microhardness values were significantly increased in the surface and subsurface layers, reaching a maximum depth of 480 to 780 µm for the lowest and highest accumulated laser energy, respectively, while surface roughness increased. While increasing compressive stresses and microhardness in the surface layer is beneficial from the point of view of fatigue resistance, increased roughness has a detrimental effect. Accumulated energy was hereby shown to have a higher effect compared to the maximal energy applied to the specimens.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Micromachined Acoustic Transducers for Audio-Frequency Range
Authors: Rufer Libor , Shubham Shubham , Wang Haoran , Miller Tom , Honzík Petr , Ferrari Vittorio
Published: January 2025

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) refer to miniaturized mechanical and electro-mechanical elements that are fabricated through microelectronic processes [...]
Magnetic Field-Assisted Orientation and Positioning of Magnetite for Flexible and Electrically Conductive Sensors
Authors: Esteves David Seixas , Melo Amanda , Alves Sónia , Durães Nelson , Paiva Maria C. , Sequeiros Elsa W.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic field-assisted control of magnetite location is a promising strategy for developing flexible, electrically conductive sensors with enhanced performance and adjustable properties. This study investigates the effect of static magnetic fields applied on thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) composites with magnetite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The composites were prepared by compression moulding and the magnetic field was applied on the mould cavity during processing. Composites were prepared with a range of concentrations of magnetite (1, 3, and 6 wt.%) and MWCNT (1 and 3 wt.%). The effect of particle concentration on composite viscosity was investigated. Rheological analysis showed that MWCNTs significantly increased the composite viscosity while magnetite had minimal impact, ensuring stable processing and facilitating particle orientation under a static magnetic field. Particle orientation and electrical conductivity were evaluated for the composites prepared with different particle concentrations under different processing temperatures. Magnetic field application at 190 °C enhanced magnetite/MWCNT interactions, substantially reducing electrical resistivity while preserving thermal stability. The composites showed no degradation at 220 °C and above, demonstrating suitability for high-temperature applications requiring thermal resilience. Furthermore, magnetite’s magnetic response facilitated precise sensor positioning and strong adhesion to polyimide substrates at 220 °C. These findings demonstrate a scalable and adaptable approach for enhancing sensor performance and positioning, with broad potential in flexible electronics.
A Combined Effect of Mixed Multi-Microplastic Types on Growth and Yield of Tomato
Authors: Emenike Chijioke , Adelugba Adeola , MacDonald Mason , Asiedu Samuel K. , Ofoe Raphael , Abbey Lord
Published: January 2025

Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles ranging from 1000 to 5000 µm in diameter, posing a growing environmental and health risk. Composting is an excellent way to add nutrient-rich humus to the soil to boost plant development, but it also pollutes agricultural soil with MPs. Previous research has shown that MPs can threaten plant development, production, and quality, hence they must be studied. This study examined how a mixture of three MP types—polyethene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropene (PP)—affected greenhouse tomato plant development. MP types were spiked at 1% w/w (MPs/soil) in tomato pots, whereas non-spiked growth medium was the control. Statistical analysis was conducted using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (95% confidence) to compare treatments and controls. Soil spiked with MPs increased chlorophyll content (SPAD), transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, and stomata conductance by 5.16%, 16.71%, 25.81%, and 20.75%, respectively, compared to the control but decreased sub-stomata CO2 concentration by 3.23%. However, MPs did not significantly affect tomato plant morpho-physiological features (p > 0.05). Biochemical analysis of tomato fruits showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction effects of MPs on carotenoid, total flavonoid, and sugar but increased protein, ascorbate, and peroxidase activity. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the effects of the combined MPs on total phenolic content. These data imply that whereas MPs did not influence tomato plant physiological and morphological properties, tomato fruit biochemistry was reduced. This raise concerns that an increase in MPs in soils may reduce antioxidant content and negatively affect human health contributing to a decrease in food security.
Preconcentration of Gold from Mining Waste Samples Using the Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction and Determination by Flow Injection–Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Şakıyan Ateş Jale , Yıldız Barış , Durukan İlknur
Published: January 2025

The increasing demand for gold necessitates the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly recovery methods, particularly from mining waste. In this study, trace and ultra-trace levels of gold ions were preconcentrated using solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) and quantified by flow injection–flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-FAAS). Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was used as the chelating agent. Key parameters, including the pH, buffer volume, complexing agent concentration, salt effect, extraction time, stirring speed, temperature, and final volume, were optimized using univariate analysis, yielding an enhancement factor of 42.6. The method demonstrated linearity between 20 and 450 µg/L, with limits of detection and a quantification of 5.03 µg/L and 16.76 µg/L, respectively. In order to evaluate the applicability and reliability of the developed method, the method was applied to certified reference samples (Rocklabs CRM SE114, OREAS CRM 61 f, OREAS CRM 231, and OREAS CRM 235) and real mining samples (mining waste samples from an open pit gold–silver mine in the Aegean Region and tailing samples from an underground gold–silver mine in the Aegean Region) after the real sample preparation procedure. The method was further evaluated for the environmental impact using the Analytic GREEnness (AGREE) metric, based on the 12 principles of green chemistry.
UV-C and Nanomaterial-Based Approaches for Sulfite-Free Wine Preservation: Effects on Polyphenol Profile and Microbiological Quality
Authors: Pachnowska Kamila , Kochel-Karakulska Jolanta , Augustyniak Adrian , Obradović Valentina , Ochmian Ireneusz , Lachowicz-Wiśniewska Sabina , Kapusta Ireneusz , Maślana Klaudia , Mijowska Ewa , Cendrowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Controlling the microorganisms employed in vinification is a critical factor for successful wine production. Novel methods aimed at lowering sulfites used for wine stabilization are sought. UV-C irradiation has been proposed as an alternative for reducing the viable cell count of microorganisms in wine and grape juice. Nevertheless, UV-C treatment poses the risk of altering the chemical properties of wine. Therefore, this study aimed to test and implement iron oxide–silica core–shell nanomaterial functionalized with TiO2 in UV-C treatment of white and red wines. Material for the study consisted of the synthesized nanocomposite, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model yeast, and Muscaris and Cabernet Cortis wines. The viability of yeasts under treatment, the physiochemical properties of wine, and polyphenol content were tested. Studies have shown that nanomaterial can modulate the effects of UV-C treatment regarding yeast viability and polyphenol content, and the effectiveness of the treatment depends on the wine type. These results open up discussion on the possible use of the proposed hurdle technology in winemaking to control the polyphenol composition and alcohol reduction.
Mapping the Drivers of Multisectoral Nutrition Governance and Its Link to Nutrition Outcomes in Kenya: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Korir Jacob , Gichohi-Wainaina Wanjiku N. , Park Oak-Hee , Kwon Sung-Wook , Colwell Malinda J. , Oldewage-Theron Wilna
Published: January 2025

Background: Malnutrition remains a significant public health issue in Kenya. Multisectoral Nutrition Governance (MNG) is increasingly being acknowledged as a catalyst for enhancing nutrition programming and outcomes. Effective MNG establishes policies, systems, and mechanisms that enable coordinated, adequately funded, and sustainable nutrition actions across sectors; however, its understanding and progress assessment remain inadequate. Objective: This study aimed to qualitatively assess the status of MNG and propose strategies to strengthen MNG mechanisms for improved nutrition actions and outcomes in Kenya. We hypothesized that effective performance across the MNG domains is associated with effective multisectoral nutrition actions and improved nutrition outcomes. Design: This study used a qualitative design to assess the MNG status over the past 10 years (2012–2023). Nineteen program managers and officers from government and non-governmental institutions implementing nutrition at the national level were included. Data collection was conducted between January and March 2024 through key informant interviews (KIIs). Thematic analysis, guided by both inductive and deductive coding, was carried out using MAXQDA (Maximizing Qualitative Data Analysis) software. Results: The findings indicate progress in strengthening MNG in the previous decade, though gaps persist. The progress was driven by improved political awareness and commitment, the adoption of nutrition policy and planning frameworks, and improved coordination. Constraints that impede MNG progress include inadequate financing and over-reliance on donor funding, limited translation of commitments to actions, lack of unified monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems and fragmented policies. Conclusions: Strengthening multisectoral M&E systems that allow timely collection and utilization of data, ensuring sustainable financing for nutrition, enhancing accountability mechanisms and improving coherence across sectors are important for further improvement of MNG.
Impact of Time-Restricted Eating and High-Intensity Exercise on Nutrient Intake in Women with Overweight/Obesity: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Haganes Kamilla , Devlin Brooke , Orr Rosalie , Moholdt Trine
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Inadequate micronutrient intakes are common in individuals with overweight/obesityand can exacerbate cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. Diet and exercise are primary strategies for managing overweight and may influence nutrient intakes. In this secondary analysis of dietary data collected in a randomized controlled trial (RCT, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04019860), 15 June 2019) of time-restricted eating (TRE), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a combination (TREHIIT), or a control group (CON), we investigated intervention effects on energy and nutrient intakes in women with overweight/obesity. Methods: We randomized 131 women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2) to 7 weeks of TRE (≤10-h daily eating window with ad libitum energy intake), HIIT (3 sessions/week, performed at ≥90% maximal heart rate), TREHIIT, or CON. Participants recorded all energy intake in an online food diary during a baseline week (week 0) and at the end of the study (week 6 and week 7). We investigated between-group differences in changes in mean energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes. Results: TRE had reduced intakes of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with CON (p < 0.01). TREHIIT had non-significant reduced intakes of potassium, thiamine, magnesium, copper, and phosphorus (0.01< p < 0.05). HIIT alone did not negatively impact micronutrient intakes. TRE and TREHIIT induced suboptimal intakes for a greater number of micronutrients compared with HIIT and CON. Conclusions: A ≤10-h TRE window might increase the risk of micronutrient inadequacy in women with overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to investigate the effects of integrating nutritional guidelines with TRE interventions to mitigate the risk of micronutrient inadequacy in individuals with overweight/obesity.
A New Species of Anthocotyle (Polyopisthocotyla: Discocotylidae) from the Gills of the European Hake Merluccius merluccius (Teleostei, Merlucciidae) with a Revision of the Composition of the Genus
Authors: Bouguerche Chahinez
Published: January 2025

This study revisits the taxonomy of Anthocotyle merluccii, originally described from the European hake Merluccius merluccius in the northeast Atlantic, addressing discrepancies in clamp morphology across populations. The original description from Belgium noted near-equal anterior clamp sizes, contrasting with populations from Plymouth (Atlantic) and the Mediterranean, which show marked size differences, questioning their conspecificity. We describe A. radkeaminorum n. sp. from M. merluccius in the western Mediterranean (off Algeria), distinguished from A. merluccii (Belgium) by differing anterior clamp size, genital atrium spine number, and overall anterior clamp dimensions. Populations from Plymouth, previously attributed to A. merluccii, are herein assigned to A. aff. merluccii based on differences in morphometrical traits pending further investigations. Additionally, A. radkeaminorum n. sp. differs from A. americanus in body and clamp size, atrial spine count, and hosts. Based on analysis of morphological and molecular data, we refute the synonymy of A. merluccii and A. americanus, and we reinstate the latter as a valid species. The distinction between A. merluccii and A. americanus was further supported by divergence in cox1 gene sequences analyzed from GenBank (10–11%). Finally, inconsistencies in terminal lappet hook morphology are discussed, cautioning against its use in species delineation. This work highlights the need for continued research to resolve species relationships within this genus.