bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplified Procedure for Application of DBE, the Rule of 13 & Nitrogen
Rule in Structure Elucidation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Singh Shivendra , Kathal Rachna , Sharma Shivangi
Published: September 2022

Determination of the exact structure of any compound is extremely critical task. Primarily organic chemistry relies on NMR, IR & Mass spectrometric data. Authors have experienced that introduction of structure elucidation in undergraduate courses and postgraduate courses is helpful for students later in their research career. Based on our experience, this article discusses double bond equivalents, the rule of 13 and the nitrogen rule. We have compared the result of these three rules with real spectroscopic data. This article demonstrates the applicability of double bond equivalents, the rule of 13 and the nitrogen rule in solving compound structures using spectroscopic data. Based on availability of molecular weight or molecular formula, we can predict the possible structure of any organic compound using these concepts. In addition, if we have the spectroscopic data like NMR, IR, Mass spectrometry data and UV spectrophotometry data, we can easily confirm the exact structure. This article will be critical for the all the organic chemist for structure elucidation of organic molecules; however, several spectroscopic data is still required for analyzing the exact structure of any molecule.
Nitrogen-doped Graphene Oxide: Production and its Applications in Onepot
Five-component Reaction of Highly Substituted Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Zamiri Bahram , Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Mahkam Mehrdad
Published: September 2022

This article proposes a new and facile method to prepare a Carbon-based catalyst entitled graphene oxide quantum dots that contain nitrogen-doped groups (GOQDs-N-doped) and which are bioactive and safe possessing economical free transition metal properties. In this study, GOQDs-N-doped was synthesized by means of the pyrolysis of citric acid at 180 °C in the presence of ammonia. The prepared catalyst which embodies an amorph and 3D structure acts similar to nano reactors and was successfully used in the synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines (THP) derivatives with antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal and antialzheimer properties through five-component reactions. We believe that the production of affordable and green carbocatalysts to be used in multi-component reactions and in chemical and pharmaceutical industries can be promising. Finally, we were able to synthesize highly substituted and efficient Tetrahydroperidines by utilizing laboratory-produced carbocatalysts.
Design and Characterisation of Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanosuspension
Loaded Transdermal Patch
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Tiwari Manish , Singh Bhawana , Semwal Nidhi
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension-loaded transdermal patches of poorly soluble antilipidemic drug (rosuvastatin)

Methods:

Dissolution characteristics of drug was improved by preparation of nanosuspension employing
precipitation–ultrasonication technique using a different blend of water-soluble film forming polymers
such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M), Eudragit and were further characterized by fourier
transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Malvern zetasizer and SEM. Propylene glycol and
tween 80 were used as stabilizers. Based on the particle size of the formulation, the best one of NS4 was
selected and fabricated into the transdermal patch by solvent casting method. The prepared formulations
were evaluated for various parameters like drug excipient compatibility, appearance, morphology, thickness,
tensile strength, folding endurance, % elongation, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, % drug
content, in-vitro drug permeation, and stability studies were performed for the optimized formula according
to the ICH Q1A (R2) guideline under 4°C and 25°C RH for three months.

Results:

Amongst all formulation, P4 transdermal patches were considered the optimized formulation. It
has the highest in-vitro drug permeation (86.01±0.05%), thickness (0.86±0.09), weight uniformity
(475.0±8.60 mg), folding endurance (279.3±9.39), moisture uptake (7.06±1.75%), moisture content
(6.81±2.34 %) and stable formula

Conclusion:

Therefore, transdermal patches were considered to be potentially suitable for the sustained
release of drugs to improve patient compliance.
Fibromyalgia in Spondyloarthritis: Prevalence and Effect on Disease
Activity and Treatment
Authors: Bouden Selma , Olfa Saidane , Sahli Meriam , Tekaya Aicha Ben , Rouached Leila , Rawdha Tekaya , Mahmoud Ines , Abdelmoula Leila
Published: September 2022

Backgroung:

Fibromyalgia may be associated to Spondyloarthritis with which it shares some common symptoms such as sleep disorders, fatigue and diffuse pain, leading to diagnostic and treatment dilemmas.

Objectives:

We aimed to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia in axial spondyloarthritis and to determine how fibromyalgia might influence the assessments of disease activity and how it might impact treatment.

Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The study included 100 patients with axial spondyloarthritis according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria. Fibromyalgia was diagnosed based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology crite-ria. Demographics, disease characteristics, activity parameters and treatment were compared be-tween patients with and without fibromyalgia. Patients were recruited from the hospitalization unit and the outpatient clinic of rheumatology.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 44.65 ± 13.13 years, with a sex ratio equal to 2. The preva-lence of fibromyalgia was 20%. Fibromyalgia associated factors were advanced age and a late age at the onset of axial spondyloarthritis. Disease activity parameters such as global pain VAS, BASDAI, ASDAS-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, BASFI and BAS-G as well as MASES and BASMI were significantly higher in the presence of FM. Doses of paracetamol were significantly higher among FM+ patients. Also, treatment duration of the current anti-TNF alpha agent was significantly shorter among FM+ patients.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that fibromyalgia was associated with axial spondyloarthritis in 20% of patients. Its presence was associated with higher disease activity parameters and negative impact on the treatment.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Distinct Pathological Entity but also an
"Overlap" Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fusconi Massimo , Zaccarelli Fabiana , de Vincentiis Marco , D’Erme Giovanni , Greco Antonio , Natalucci Francesco
Published: September 2022

Background:

The association between KFD and autoimmune diseases, not only with systemic lupus erythematosus, has been repeatedly described.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to evaluate whether an overlap syndrome is present between KFD and autoimmune diseases, whether there is a chronological and a casual relationship between the pathologies.

Methods:

The databases used for the overlap case search were Medline and Embase from which we extrapolated the studies of interest. The search queries used were: Kikuchi-Fujimoto Syndrome and juvenile idiopathic arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus or Systemic Sclerosis or Antiphospho-lipid Syndrome or Sjogren's Syndrome. All study types were considered (n = 103).

Results:

Total number of included studies are 43. We have shown that there is an "overlap" syn-drome between KFD and other autoimmune diseases. The chronology of disease onset was variable; autoimmune disease may be "preceding" (n = 11 cases) or "simultaneous" (n = 20 cases) or "post" (n = 8 cases). Kikuchi-Fujimoto Syndrome. Also, the autoimmune disease can present with a com-plete clinical picture or only with the presence of autoantibodies.

Conclusion:

the different pathologies associated with KFD with different chronologies would sug-gest that there is an alteration of the immune system that allows the pathologies to occur in different temporal relationships.
Study on the Effect of Pogostemon Cablin Benth on Skin Aging Based on
Network Pharmacology
Authors: Pan Liming , Wu Jiting
Published: September 2022

Background:

There is still little research on the anti-aging effect of Pogostemon cablin
Benth (PCB) on human skin. In this paper, the mechanism of the anti-aging effect of PCB on human
skin was studied by using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.

Objective:

To analyze the pharmacological mechanism of PCB in the treatment of skin aging to
provide a reference for new drug development and clinical application.

Methods:

Active ingredients and related targets of PCB and skin aging-related disease targets are
obtained through public databases, and the "drug-disease-target" and protein-protein interaction
(PPI) network diagrams were constructed with the help of software to screen the core targets; then
GO analysis and KEGG pathway analyses were performed on the target; finally, the molecular
docking between the components and the targets were verified.

Results:

112 intersection targets of active compounds of skin aging and PCB were obtained after
the screening. GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis found that these biological processes mainly
focus on epithelial cell proliferation, aging, growth factors, longevity regulation pathway, cancer
pathway, AGE-RAGE signal pathway, PI3K Akt signal pathway and IL-17 signal pathway. The
molecular docking results showed quercetin, apigenin, irisnepalensis isoflavone, 3,23-dihydroxy-
12-oleorene-28-oleic acid, 5-hydroxy-7,4'- dimethoxyflavone and other major compounds were
connected with TP53, JUN, HSP90AAL, AKT1 and MAPK1 through hydrogen bonds, and there
was high binding energy between them.

Conclusion:

Through multi-target prediction and molecular docking verification, it shows that
PCB has a strong effect in the treatment of skin aging, which provides a reference for further research.
Genetic Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease and the Neuroprotective Role of
Melatonin in its Management
Authors: Sundram Sonali , Malviya Rishabha , Awasthi Rajendra
Published: September 2022

Dementia is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which also poses a great challenge
to pharmaceutical scientists and neuroscientists. The global prevalence of dementia is approximately
47 million, which may increase by three times by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most
common cause of dementia. AD is a severe age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
short-term memory loss, aphasia, mood imbalance, and executive function. The etiology of AD is still
unknown, and the exact origin of the disease is still under investigation. Aggregation of amyloid
β (Aβ) plaques or neurotoxic Aβo oligomers outside the neuron is the most common cause of AD development.
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by β secretase and γ secretase produces abnormal
Aβ monomers. This aggregation of Aβ and NFT is promoted by various genes like BACE1,
ADAM10, PIN1, GSK-3, APOE, PPARα, etc. Identification of these genes can discover several therapeutic
targets that can be useful in studying pathogenesis and underlying treatments. Melatonin modulates
the activities of these genes, thereby reducing Aβ production and increasing its clearance. Melatonin
also reduces the expression of APP by attenuating cAMP, thereby enhancing the nonamyloidogenic
process. Present communication explored and discussed the neuroprotective role of
melatonin against Aβ-dependent AD pathogenesis. The manuscript also discussed potential molecular
and genetic mechanisms of melatonin in the production and clearance of Aβ that could ameliorate neurotoxicity.
Clinical Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets to Cut Gordian Knots of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Mir Reyaz Hassan , Masoodi Mubashir Hussain , Shah Abdul Jalil , Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Sabreen Saba , Wani Taha Umair , Jan Rafia , Javed Md. Noushad , Mir Prince Ahad
Published: September 2022

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia, escalating worldwide, has no proper diagnosis or effective treatment. Neuronal cell death and impairment of cognitive abilities, possibly triggered by several brain mechanisms, are the most significant characteristic of this disorder.

Methods:

A multitude of pharmacological targets have been identified for potential drug design against AD. Although many advances in treatment strategies have been made to correct various abnormalities, these often exhibit limited clinical significance because this disease aggressively progresses into different regions of the brain, causing severe deterioration.

Results:

These biomarkers can be game-changers for early detection and timely monitoring of such disorders.

Conclusion:

This review covers clinically significant biomarkers of AD for precise and early monitoring of risk factors and stages of this disease, the potential site of action and novel targets for drugs, and pharmacological approaches to clinical management.
Dual Targeting Anti-Osteoporotic Therapy Through Potential Nanotherapeutic
Approaches
Authors: Salave Sagar , Rana Dhwani , Benival Derajram
Published: September 2022

Osteoporosis is characterised by a major public health burden, particularly taking into
account the ageing global population. Therapeutic modalities for osteoporosis are categorised on
the basis of their effect on bone remodeling: antiresorptive and anabolic agents. Anabolic drugs are
favoured as they promote the formation of new bone, whereas antiresorptive drugs terminate the
further deterioration of bone. Non-specific delivery of anabolic agents results in prolonged kidney
exposure causing malignant hypercalcemia, whereas antiresorptive agents and bisphosphonates
may produce osteonecrosis of the jaw. Several clinical trials have been reported for combinational
therapy of anabolic agents and antiresorptive agents for osteoporosis. However, none of them have
proven their cumulative effects in the treatment of disease. The present work emphasizes a dualtargeting
drug delivery approach comprising of bone anabolic and antiresorptive agents that would
simultaneously deliver the therapeutic agents to both the zones of bone. The anticipated pioneering
delivery approach will intensify the explicit interaction between the therapeutic agent and bone
surfaces separately without developing severe adverse effects and improve osteoporotic therapy
effectively compared to non-targeted drug delivery.
Syntheses, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of 2-(2-
hydrazinyl)thiazoles as Potential Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Significant
Anticancer Agents
Authors: Raut Dattatraya G. , Bhosale Raghunath B. , Lawand Anjana S. , Hublikar Mahesh G. , Kadu Vikas D. , Patil Sandeep B. , Choudhari Prafulla B.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Recently, researchers have worked on the development of new methods
for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles using polyethylene glycol as a green solvent. In this
context, we report the synthesized 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazoles for their in vitro antioxidant, in vitro
anti-inflammatory and in vitro anti-cancer activities.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to develop novel antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
anti-cancer drugs.

Methods:

At the outset, the condensation of substituted acetophenones 1, thiosemicarbazide 2, and
α-haloketones 3 was carried out using PEG-400 (20 mL) in the presence of 5 mol% glacial acetic
acid to afford thiosemicarbazones intermediate. Furthermore, these thiosemicarbazones were reacted
with α-haloketones 3 to obtain appropriate 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazoles. The synthesized compounds
were in vitro tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity.

Results:

In vitro evaluation report showed that nearly all molecules possessed potential antioxidant
activity against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide radical
(SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging activity. Most 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazoles
derivatives have shown potential anti-inflammatory activity as compared to diclofenac sodium as a
reference standard. 2-(2-Hydrazinyl) thiazoles derivatives showed significant anticancer activity
for human leukemia cell line K-562 compared to adriamycin as a reference standard.

Conclusion:

All tested compounds showed potential 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and
nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity. Among the tested series, 4b, 4d and 4e exhibited
good hydrogen peroxide and 4b, 4e, 4f and 4g showed excellent superoxide radical scavenging
activity. In addition, the 4b, 4e and 4g compounds revealed potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity
against standard diclofenac sodium drug. 2-(2-Hydrazinyl) thiazole derivatives, such as 4c
and 4d, showed significant anticancer activity against human leukemia cell line K-562. Thus, these
molecules provide an interesting template for the design and development of new antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agents.
A ideologia do parentesco no Prólogo do Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro
Authors: Ferreira Maria do Rosário
Published: September 2022

In the Prologue to his Livro de Linhagens, Count Pedro de Barcelos both emulates and subverts his great grandfather’s legal codes (mainly Partida IV), in order to create an ethosfor the Iberian aristocracy. This ethosis based on the convergence between natura(the divinely established order of the world), lineage and blood kinship, which, in the Count’s Aristotelian grounded view, leads to a widely spread friendship/solidarity that has a pacifying effect on social tensions. It is a kind of friendship ontologically linked with God and the Creation, pre-existing to the instituted relations of domination, and capable of substituting them advantageously as a mechanism of social regulation. According to Pedro de Barcelos’ argument, the ancient aristocratic practices emerging from this friendship perform as a kind of embryonic habituswhose preservation is linked to the survival of the Iberian aristocracy as a social group endowed with a specific legitimising symbolic capital.
Travel Corridor Arrangement Application Process by Governments of Indonesia and Singapore
Authors: Kurnianingsih Fitri , Mahadiansar Mahadiansar , Adhayanto Oksep
Published: September 2022

The discussion on the Travel Corridor Arrangement (TCA) between the Indonesian and Singaporean governments will continue in the future. However, technically and practically, there are still some issues that the Indonesian government has not effectively addressed, which shows that we are technically still waiting for the right decision while the number of cases of the COVID-19 pandemic is decreasing. This study aims to test different research hypotheses about the elements influencing Indonesia's readiness for TCA with the Singapore government. The technique used a qualitative literature review. To support the literature review with secondary data, the researchers increased the examination of research hypotheses using the NVivo program, which was then thoroughly assessed. The findings show that the researcher will also identify that Indonesia will be more sensitive to TCA than Singapore, so the decision is rejected, while the following hypothesis is that TCA also focuses on tourists, compared to business activities between the two countries, and that the Indonesian government has also proposed the implementation of RGL. However, RGL is not a priority, implying that TCA is effective. If RGL is emphasized, the hypothesis can be accepted. Based on some of these hypotheses' results, the first hypothesis's rejection is caused by the lack of Human Resource Management expertise in implementing TCA with the Singapore government. The conclusion is that TCA implementation in Indonesia is not yet ready to be implemented between Indonesia and Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research based history learning model as the effort to strengthen character education and knowledge in SMAN 2 Bantul
Authors: Wibowo Bayu Ananto
Published: September 2022

The purpose of research was to find out: (1) The implementation of research-based learning model in SMAN 2 Bantul as a learning innovation of Curriculum 2013, (2) The implementation of research-based learning model in History learning in SMAN 2 Bantul. This research was a qualitative descriptive research using the qualitative approach of case study in SMAN 2 Bantul. Research subjects were the principal, the curriculum coordinator, the History teachers, and the students. The data obtained in the research were in the form of direct information from the subject, the observation and facts documents in the field in accordance with the research focus. The process of testing the data validity done in this research included the triangulation and reference materials. The data analysis techniques used in this research was Miles and Huberman’s model that were data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Research-based learning model can be a role model for other senior high schools that implement Curriculum 2013. In its application in the school, this learning model was being regularized extracurricular for grade X students, as the introduction to research until the real practice in the field, hoping that when they become grade XI and XII students, this research-based learning can be applicable to each subject. Besides, this learning model can strengthen the character education and also deepen the knowledge of the students. (2) In History learning, this research-based learning model can improve students' thinking ability that can be seen from their ability in discussing and expressing opinion that was much better than before. The research-based learning model applied to the History learning created a new learning model that was named the Research-Based History Learning Model.
Моделирование особенностей магнитных свойств осесимметричных гранул жестких сверхпроводников II рода
Authors: Кузьмичев Н.Д. , Шушпанов А.А. , Васютин М.А.
Published: September 2022

Based on the equations of electrodynamics and the concept of a critical state for hard superconductors of the 2nd kind, numerical simulation of the magnetic properties of axisymmetric superconducting samples, in particular, granules, is performed for a number of models of the dependence of the critical current density on the magnetic field induction. The magnetic moment loops are calculated directly by integrating the integral equation for the current density over time. The phenomena of the peak effect and the asymmetry of the magnetization hysteresis loop are also considered using the indicated equation. Various versions of the functions used in the literature were used as peak functions. In addition to the hysteresis loop of the magnetic moment, the magnetic field induction at the center of axisymmetric samples, and the total penetration field, the profiles of the critical current density Jc(B) and the equilibrium magnetic moment for spherical granules were obtained. The method used for calculating the magnetic moment of superconductors makes it possible to take into account the equilibrium and nonequilibrium regions of the magnetization of the samples independently.
Микроканальная структура искрового разряда в промежутке острие-плоскость при различных давлениях воздуха
Authors: Тренькин А.А. , Алмазова К.И. , Белоногов А.Н. , Боровков В.В. , Горелов Е.В. , Долотов А.С.
Published: September 2022

Using high-speed photography and shadow photography, the structure of the glow and the microstructure of the spark discharge in a 1.5-mm long “pin(cathode)–plane” gap in air in the pressure range from 300 to 760 Torr has been studied. The presence of a microchannel structure of the discharge in the indicated pressure range was established – the discharge is a aggregation of a large number of micron-diameter channels. It is shown that with decreasing pressure, the evolution of the microstructure and glow of the discharge lags behind the onset of breakdown, however, their morphology retains similarity at different pressures.
Локальная структура аморфных пленок (GeTe)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)
Authors: Марченко А.В. , Теруков Е.И. , Насрединов Ф.С. , Петрушин Ю.А. , Серегин П.П.
Published: September 2022

By the method of Mössbauer spectroscopy on the isotope 119Sn, it was shown that tetravalent germanium atoms in amorphous films (GeTe)x(Sb2Te3) (where x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3) form a tetrahedral system of chemical bonds, and in their local environment there are mainly tellurium atoms. In crystalline films (GeTe)x(Sb2Te3) is divalent hexoordinated germanium at positions 4 b of the NaCl type crystal lattice. By the meth-od of Mössbauer spectroscopy on 121Sb and 125Te atoms, it was shown that the amorphization of (GeTe)x(Sb2Te3) films does not change the lo-cal environment of antimony and tellurium atoms.
Исследование влияния малой добавки ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- на плотность и рост зерен мелкозернистого оксида алюминия
Authors: Болдин М.С. , Попов А.А. , Мурашов А.А. , Сахаров Н.В. , Шотин С.В. , Нохрин А.В. , Чувильдеев В.Н. , Табачкова Н.Ю. , Сметанина К.Е.
Published: September 2022

The effect of an additive of 0.5 wt. % of zirconium oxide on the spark plasma sintering (SPS) kinetics of alumina powders has been studied. Ceramics were obtained by mixing alumina powders in a planetary mill with grinding media from stabilized zirconium oxide. The activation energy of SPS was estimated using the Young-Cutler model. It has been shown that the density and average grain size in ceramics obtained from submicron alumina powders are significantly affected by the nonequilibrium state of the interfaces formed as a result of the transformation of the amorphous phase present on the alumina powder particle surface. The grain size and density of ceramics obtained from fine powders are significantly affected by the coalescence of ZrO2 particles.
Кристаллизация и формирование карбида кремния в двухслойных аморфных пленках кремний-углерод при электронном облучении
Authors: Сидоров А.И. , Лекс Е.Я. , Подсвиров О.А. , Виноградов А.Ю.
Published: September 2022

It is shown that the irradiation by focused electron beam with electron energy of 10 keV of two-layer amorphous silicon-carbon films 60 nm thick results in films partial crystallization. Moreover, in the irradiated zone the layer of crystalline silicon carbide with luminescent properties is formed. The observed effects are confirmed by methods of Raman spectroscopy and by luminescence spectra.
Сравнение вариантов зондирования "на отражение" и "на просвет" в системах радиовидения малой дальности
Authors: Разевиг В.В. , Бугаев А.С. , Ивашов С.И.
Published: September 2022

Microwave imaging technique allows obtaining images of hidden objects in structures and media using microwaves. Usually in short-range microwave imaging systems, the back-scattered signal is used, when a combined transmit-receive antenna scans over a plane, forming a two-dimensional synthesized aperture, while the signal reflected from the object of observation is recorded, as a result of which a microwave hologram of the object is formed. The second option involves registering the forward-scattered signal, when the transmitting and receiving antennas are located on opposite sides of the object and scan synchronously. The purpose of this work is a theoretical and experimental comparison of these two sounding options, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each option, taking into account the features that arise when solving various problems of microwave imaging.
The P2X7 Receptor Antagonist AZ10606120 Does Not Alter Graft-Versus-Host Disease Development and Increases Serum Human Interferon-γ in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors:   Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, Geraghty Nicholas J. ,   Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, Elhage Amal ,   Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia,   Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, Cuthbertson Peter ,   Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia,   Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, Watson Debbie ,   Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia,   Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, Sluyter Ronald ,   Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia,   Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
Published: September 2022

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies, but its efficacy is limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This life-threatening disorder develops when donor (graft) immune cells cause inflammatory damage to recipient (host) tissues. The immune cell receptor channel P2X7 and its ligand adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) have been implicated in GVHD pathogenesis. Therefore, this signaling axis represents a potential therapeutic target. This study aimed to investigate if the specific P2X7 antagonist AZ10606120 (AZ10) could prevent GVHD development in a preclinical, humanized mouse model, in which NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice are injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Flow cytometric measurements of ATP-induced cation dye uptake revealed that AZ10 blocked P2X7 activity in human RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells (IC50 of 1 ± 1 nM) and murine RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 of 3 ± 1 nM), as well as primary donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, AZ10 (2 mg/kg), injected intraperitonealy (i.p.) daily for the first 10 days post-hPBMC injection, did not reduce clinical or histological GVHD development in mice. AZ10 did not impact engraftment of human leukocytes, predominantly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, AZ10 increased serum human interferon gamma (hIFN-γ) concentrations, with CD8+ T cells being the main hIFN-γ producing T cell subset. In conclusion, this study suggests a role for P2X7 activation in impairing hIFN-γ production during GVHD pathogenesis, with the use of P2X7 blockade as a therapeutic strategy warranting further investigation.
Artificial Intelligence in health care: Finding the right business models for a global impact’’ (Preprint)
Authors: Sodhi Arhanjit Singh , Sodhi Arnavjit Singh
Published: September 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is in response to the paper published by Gama F et al, titled, ’Implementation Frameworks for Artificial Intelligence Translation Into Health Care Practice: Scoping Review’’in your journal, J Med Internet Res. 2022 : 27;24(1):e32215. doi: 10.2196/32215.
We have keen interest in artificial intelligence (AI) as engineering students and have been exposed to this stream as one of our subjects. Nothing can impact mankind more than AI in healthcare systems, particularly in low income or low resource countries in the world, where access to healthcare is not a basic right for everyone. We have submitted this small manuscript highlighting what AI can potentially change in these low income countries and the best models to implement it.
A Brief History of the American Middle Class
Authors: Datta Y.
Published: September 2022

The credit for the birth of the American middle class in 1914 goes to Henry Ford.Reckless speculation in the New York Stock Market led to the Great Depression of 1929: the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by America, that led to an amazing level of unemployment that lasted till 1939.Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was elected as President in 1933, instituted New Deal: a series of programs--the most important of which was the G.I. Bill.The baby boom, increasing consumer income, affordability of cars and homes--coupled with the new interstate highway system—all worked together, that then led to a mass migration of the middle class from the inner cities to suburbia.The years 1947-1973 are considered the golden years of America’s middle class: an age the U.S. will never experience again. The foundation of this goldilocks economy was the social covenant of shared prosperity between big business and big labor.The 1980-2008 period marks ‘America in decline’ largely because America took a sharp turn toward unfettered capitalism and greed.This led to a massive growth of the Financial Services Industry.Income inequality has steadily been increasing in America for 45 years from 1974-2018, and by 2007 it touched or exceeded the lofty heights of 1928.A socio-economic class lifestyle profile of America includes three groups: The Upper Class, The Middle Class, and The Lower Class, each with two classes, making it a total of six.Finally, a look into the forces that led to the stock market crash of 2008.
On Improving the Students’ Combinatorial Thinking Skill in Solving Rainbow Antimagic Colouring Problem on Cryptography for E-Commerce Security Systems under the Implementation of Research-Based Learning with STEM Approach
Authors: Dafik  , Joedo Jean Claudia , Tirta I Made
Published: September 2022

Combinatorial thinking is the process of obtaining multiple solutions for discrete problem-solving. Combinatorial thinking skills have several indicators: identifying several cases, recognizing patterns from all cases, generalizing all cases, proving mathematically, and considering other combinatorial problems. The learning approach in schools is growing along with the development of science and technology, one of the approaches used in STEM. STEM education focuses students on solving problems in everyday life with the help of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This paper aimed to analyze the students’ combinatorial thinking skills after using a research-based learning worksheet with a STEM approach to solving the rainbow antimagic colouring problem. This study uses a mixed-method where this research combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The subjects of this research are undergraduate students of Mathematics Education, University of Jember. This study involved two classes, namely the experimental and control classes, where the researcher gave the two classes different treatments. The t-test compares students’ combinatorial thinking skills between the experiment and control classes after using research-based learning tools with a STEM approach for solving the rainbow antimagic problem. The homogeneity test results on the pre-test items indicated a significance value of .789 > .05, which indicates that the two classes are homogenous. The independent sample t-test score is .020 < .05, which means the difference is significant. It concludes that implementation of the research-based learning materials with a STEM approach can improve the students’ combinatorial thinking skills in solving the rainbow antimagic colouring.
Perception of Students on the Use of Google Classroom for Educational Purposes
Authors: Idoghor Uduak , Oluwayimika Kasumu Rebecca
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the Perception of students on the use of Google Classroom for educational purposes. Four research objectives, four research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study used all education students in the Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt. A sample of 300 students was used for the study. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used for the study and the instrument used to collect data was a structured questionnaire titled Perception of students on the use of Google Classroom in Tertiary Institutions (PSGCTI) with 40 items. A reliability coefficient of .74 was obtained for the structured questionnaire administered to students. Mean scores, Z-test and Anova, were used as the statistical tools for the study. It was found that the Google classroom platform helps students organize their assignments and it fosters better communication between teachers and students. It was also found that Google classroom makes online learning exciting and it creates creativity and critical thinking and makes students highly motivated. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Google classroom is a useful tool that every educator should use for teaching online. Furthermore, it was also recommended that teachers should use the Google classroom tool to bring about paperless communication in the classroom.
Assessment of ICT Skills Application of Teacher Educators in Kwara State Colleges of Education, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatoyin Fashiku Christopher , Abiola Yusuf Abubakar , Francis Olowo  Busuyi , Oba Baba Ayoku , Comfort Fashiku Bunmi
Published: September 2022

The study was carried out to assess the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills application of teacher educators in Kwara State Colleges of Education, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted; the population of the study comprised 430 lecturers from Kwara State Colleges of Education Oro, Lafiagi, and Ilorin, respectively. A proportional sampling technique was used to select 160 respondents from the two teacher educator institutions. A simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 60 respondents from Oro College of Education and 100 respondents from Kwara State College of Education Ilorin. One self-designed questionnaire titled ‘Assessment of ICT Competency Skills of Lecturers’ (AICTCSL) with four points Liker scale was used to elicit information from the respondents. The instrument was validated. Its reliability was ensured at .78. Total Average Weighted Response (TAWR), and percentage and frequency counts were used in analyzing the collected data for the raised research questions at .05 levels of significance, while z-test statistics were used in addressing the formulated hypotheses. It was discovered in the study that lecturers in the used institutions were competent in manipulating the computer keyboard and connecting to the internet but were not competent in accessing the information on CD, organizing electronic files into folders, use of application software, use of PowerPoint, word excel and blog website. Also, no significant difference was established between the mean scores of lecturers in Kwara State Colleges of education Oro and Ilorin on their ICT skills acquisition and use, while there was a significant difference in the mean ratings of teacher educators from Oro and Ilorin on their use of application software competency. It was therefore recommended that government should make it a matter of policy that all lecturers in the institutions are ICT literate and it should be a prerequisite for their promotion and recruitment for a lecturing job in the state.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEBENDAZOLE SPHERICAL AGGLOMERATES USING MODIFIED EVAPORATIVE PRECIPITATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (EPAS)
Authors: M. MODI DHARMESHKUMAR , MODI AKSHAT D. , PARIKH RAJESH H. , PARIKH JOLLY R.
Published: September 2022

Objective: Mebendazole is a popular benzimidazole class anthelmintic drug useful in the treatment of main infections of threadworms as well as other less common worm infections like whipworm, roundworm, and hookworm in adults and children over 2 y of age. It is poorly soluble in water resulting in poor absorption from the intestinal tract leading to a decrease in bioavailability. Moreover, Mebendazole has poor flowability due to the needle-shaped crystals. This work was carried out with the aim of increasing the flowability and solubility of Mebendazole.
Methods: A 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the concentration of Mebendazole and the quantity of water as an external phase using evaporative precipitation into an aqueous solution. The prepared agglomerates were characterized for particle size distribution, shape, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index and % dissolved in 60 min (C60).
 
Results: The prepared agglomerates were found to be monodispersed. They also showed a decrease in the Hausner ration and Carr’s index, indicating improved flowability. Increase in C60 indicated that the agglomerates were found to have increased water solubility.
Conclusion: Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the agglomerates were spherical in shape. Fourier Transformed Infra-Red studies showed no chemical change in the prepared spherical agglomerates. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies showed an increase in amorphous characteristics of prepared spherical agglomerates. This method may be used for drugs with similar characteristics as Mebendazole.
BIOANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TERIFLUNOMIDEIN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: GURAV POOJA , DAMLE MRINALINI
Published: September 2022

Objective: Teriflunomide is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and is available in 7mg and 14mg tablets. This study aimed to develop and validatea simple and economical HPTLC method for the estimation of Teriflunomide in human plasma.
Methods: HPTLC method was developed using toluene: ethyl acetate: acetic acid as the mobile phase and the stationary phase was a TLC plate precoated with silica gel 60 F254. The detection wavelength set was 294nm. The sample preparation involved a simple protein precipitation technique with Acetonitrile as a protein precipitating agent, the internal standard selected was Rilpivirine.The validationwas carried out as per bio-analytical method guidelines.
Results: The Rf value for Teriflunomide was found to be 0.46±0.04. The linearity range was observed from 10-60 µg/ml with a regression coefficient value of 0.9819. The developed method was validated for various parameters like specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability.
Conclusion: The developed method is simple, specific, accurate, and economical for the estimation of Teriflunomide in human plasma.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF BERGENIA LIGULATA (WALL.) LEAVES EXTRACTS
Authors: KUMAR PRAGATI , WAL PRANAY , RAI AWANI KUMAR , SINGH YATENDRA , SINGH SHASHI PRATAP
Published: September 2022

Objective: Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal potential of Phytoconstituents present in leaf extracts of Bergenia ligulata (wall.) plant.
Methods: The antimicrobial effects of leaves of Bergenia ligulata (wall.) were evaluated using both ethanol and aqueous extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Penicillium spp. Agar well diffusion method was employed in determining the antimicrobial activity and the broth dilution method for determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. All the isolates examined were susceptible to both the ethanol, aqueous, and the combined aqueous and ethanol extracts (synergetic effect) of the Bergenia ligulata leaves.
Results: The zone of inhibition ranged from 6.93±0.02b mm to 12.81±0.03a mm, with Escherichia coli being the most susceptible at 12.81±0.03a mm to the ethanol and 11.53±0.02a mm to the aqueous extracts at 250 mg/ml concentration while P. aeruginosa and Penicillin spp. were the slightest susceptible at 10.88±0.02a mm to the ethanol and 09.76±0.02a mm to the aqueous extract at 250 mg/ml concentration. The control/standard antimicrobial agent (Gentamicin and Metronidazole) exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the plant extracts. The least inhibitory value of 6.25 mg/ml was produced against P. aeruginosa by the ethanolic extract and against C. albicans by the combined (aqueous and ethanol) extracts of the plant. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the leaves of Bergenia ligulata reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. The most abundant percentage composition observed was flavonoids (7.72%), while tannins had the least component (4.29%).
Conclusion: The findings from this study show that the leaves extracts hold considerable antimicrobial activity against commonly encountered microorganisms in the environment. This, therefore, implies that it can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent which will contribute to the development of antibiotic drugs against the test organisms.
Challenges of agricultural entities in financial reporting: Case of Albania
Authors: Kosta Ervi , Bakiasi Anxhela , Jupe Albana
Published: September 2022

Agriculture sector remains an engine of Albania's economic growth, statistical data indicates that agriculture accounts for as much as 20% of GDP or in employment about 50% of the active power. According to data published from INSTAT in 2016 the number of registered economic units was 321,358, where 10% were engaged in the agricultural sector or about 1,287 entities operating as natural person or legal person and 31,372 farmers who have an agricultural activity. For the purpose of financial reporting, all entities registered in tax authorities, should use the improved accounting standard number 13 for the recognition and evaluation of biological assets. The implementation of this standard is important by making comparable accounting information on biological assets offered by these companies which exercise economic activity in the field of biological assets. But when we consider accounting procedure problems, it is noticed that exits a small amount of information about the rules, techniques, and list of accounts that guide us to a correct and believable view. We have come to the conclusion that besides the other arguments this phenomena occurs beacause, agricultural accounting has not been developed as a course in any faculty in our country meanwhile the Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness has added to its curriculum during the last three years. For this reason, we have undertaken in this paper the challenge to find out which are the crucial problems faced by Albanian entities during financial reporting and some of the solutions that will help these units to provide the appropriate information for tax intention and for owners to take the right decisions so they can have a sustainable business. To come to the right conclusions we will conduct a review on the literature on the evolution of accounting in agriculture in Albania as well as in the world. Likewise, preliminary data will be provided through interviews with the makers of financial reports, which will be analyzed descriptively.
Development of Hatri 13ĐP Peanut Varieties for the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Lang Thi , Khanh Tran Nguyen Thi , Chi Hieu Bui , Hoang Phuong Le , Minh Khang Le , Trong Phuoc Nguyen , Chi Buu Bui
Published: September 2022

The new advances are applied to production, especially by the method of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in collaboration with by improved method are made to the same breeder together many desirable genes from Yuanza 9102 / ICG 12625. From the crossed Yuanza 9102 / ICG 12625 give selected one line order named HATRI 13 ĐP .The time has grown HATRI 13ĐP (95-100 days ). Height plants from 60-65 cm and compared to parents . Genotype HATRI 13ĐP exhibited significantly the highest pod number (78.0/plant), Hence, these traits can be selected to improve the yield potential of pole-type peanut genotypes. Weigt of 100 seeds reached 42. 1 g compared with their parents (Yuanza 9102 =40.9 g ; ICG 12625 =36.8 g) . Grain quality with red color grain protein and total fat. Productivity of HATRI 13 ĐP has great potential in the winter-spring season, but often for low productivity in the summer, The yield 4.2 tonnes/ha of winter-spring season and 3.5 ton/ha in Wet season.This is just like having wide adaptability, stable yield, should it be production in the Mekong delta ( An Giang, Can tho and Tra Vinh).
Perspectiva cognoscitivo conductual del servicio social de obesidad en la FES Zaragoza
Authors: Guillén Riebeling Raquel del Socorro
Published: September 2022

Sin resumen
Una mirada estudiantil desde la psicología de la obesidad
Authors: Guzmán Fernández Elías
Published: September 2022

Sin resumen
¿Cuáles son los hábitos alimenticios de jóvenes universitarios y cuál es su relación con el sobrepeso? (Segunda parte)
Authors: Mata Rodríguez Paola Ozcevely , Delgado Jacobo Dolores Patricia
Published: September 2022

Sin resumen