bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nivel de conocimiento sobre lactancia materna en mujeres en periodo de lactancia
Authors: Gómez López Litzy Daniela , Estrada Contreras Karla Elizabeth , Flores Fong Ixtlilxochitl
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Breastfeeding represents one of the main benefits for the newborn, the mother, and society, with the crucial need for education and support from the healthcare system to promote its practice. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about breastfeeding among women in the lactation period. Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, using convenience sampling of 60 women in the lactation period. Among them, 30 were users of daycare facilities, and 30 were users of lactation rooms, with an age range of 21-42 years old. The COLM questionnaire was administered via Google Forms®. The level of knowledge about breastfeeding was evaluated using the following scale: sufficient (6-8), insufficient (5-3), and deficient (≤2). Results: The mean age was 29.10 years old, with an average knowledge level of 6.32 points. Married women with a bachelor's degree and actively employed predominated in both groups, lactation room users (60%) and daycare facilities users (76.7%), the knowledge level was sufficient. A significant association was found between the knowledge level, origin, and educational background. Conclusion: More than half of the participants demonstrated sufficient knowledge about breastfeeding, highlighting the reliance on internet resources and information provided by healthcare professionals.
Estudio de factibilidad técnica para el establecimiento de un proceso industrial en la elaboración de grageas de almendra con chocolate amargo
Authors: Gutiérrez Vázquez AngelJosue , Buenrostro Torres Lidia , Reyna Rodríguez Daniel , Rogero Pasillas Tania Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

This article assumes that a cocoa producing company also manufactures chocolate dragees. In order to carry out a scale-up study of an industrial process in the production of almond dragees with bitter chocolate, a literature review was carried out on the technical development of the process, considering the necessary machinery and the physical and biochemical changes that occur in the production of the product. The literature on the market behavior of the chocolate industry was reviewed, as well as the raw materials necessary for the production of the dragee (sugar, cocoa and almonds). Understanding the changes that occur at each stage of the process is crucial to ensure product quality. Although this study is an approximation of what is needed to start a chocolate company, it is important to conduct commercial and financial feasibility studies to ensure success in production and marketing.
Una evaluación del programa ‘profesor auxiliar’ para la enseñanza entre iguales en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Velázquez Virna
Published: April 2024

El presente estudio muestra los resultados de una investigación que se realizó en una universidad mexicana para conocer la opinión de los participantes del programa ‘Profesor Auxiliar’ para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. Se trata de la apreciación por parte de profesores novatos de un sistema para la enseñanza entre pares. Un profesor auxiliar (PA) imparte un conjunto de clases a dos alumnos extranjeros, uno bajo supervisión constante y otro en formato más libre. En ambos casos se impartían las sesiones de manera individual, a distancia y de forma sincrónica. 77 profesores entrevistados dieron sus opiniones. Los profesores manifestaron aspectos positivos y negativos en el ejercicio de impartir clases de español a no nativo hablantes, así como una ligera tendencia hacia la importancia de la supervisión por parte de un docente experto frente a una enseñanza más autónoma. Sus respuestas permiten identificar algunas necesidades que deben ser atendidas para mejorar la enseñanza del español en este entorno. Este artículo muestra la evaluación de un programa de esta naturaleza a fin de corregir las oportunidades de mejora de la educación en contextos de educación entre iguales en el área del español dentro y fuera de México.
How a digital archive is preserving Canada’s history of LGBTQ+ activism
Authors: Dangoisse Pascale , Crompton Constance , Schwartz Michelle
Published: April 2024

LGBTQ+ organizations in Canada are gearing up for a “Rainbow Week of Action” that will feature rallies across the country calling on governments to do more to support LGBTQ+ communities.

Such events are part of a long history of LGBTQ+ campaigning and protest. However, in a time when anti-LGBTQ+ movements are growing, recording that history is as important as ever.

As increasingly advanced digital technologies pervade every aspect of our lives, making that history easily accessible online can help contemporary movements learn from previous generations of activists.

At the Lesbian and Gay Liberation in Canada project (LGLC), we are aiming to learn from lesbian activists of the past to uncover which of their practices can inform the creation of online history resources today.

Our project, working alongside the University of Ottawa’s Digital Humanities Lab and Toronto Metropolitan University Libraries’ Collaboratory, highlights how feminist and queer practices can create meaningful change using digital methods and tools.
СПЕЦИФІКА ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ СХОДУ УКРАЇНИ В ЧАСИ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОЇ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ АГРЕСІЇ
Authors: Робак Ігор Юрійович , Савенок Людмила Андріївна
Published: April 2024

Метою дослідження є аналіз специфіки історичної пам’яті мешканців сходу України на другому році повномасштабної агресії Росії проти України. Отже, методи дослідження обумовлені особливостями джерельної бази вивчення проблеми. Основу її становлять дані соціологічних обстежень стану історичної пам’яті й суспільно-політичних настроїв населення. Також аналіз побудований з огляду на специфіку сходу України як історико-географічного регіону – розуміння сходу як сукупності об’єктивних і суб’єктивних геополітичних, власне історичних, природно-екологічних, соціально-політичних і соціально-економічних факторів у певному соціально-історичному часі та самоідентифікації населення. Основні результати дослідження можна визначити як своєрідний паралелограм, який складається із загальноукраїнських тенденцій прискореного формування модерної історичної пам’яті на підставі розуміння досвіду української історії, засвоєння європейських і загальнолюдських цінностей, позбавлення російських і совєтських міфів. Водночас конструкція історичної пам’яті сходу не позбавлена рис нерозуміння траєкторії історичного поступу України та її входження у євроатлантичний цивілізаційний простір як однієї з умов виживання України й українців. Висновки полягають у тому, що перемога у війні з Росією є запорукою подальших кроків у формуванні модерної історичної пам’яті населення сходу України. Державні інституції, місцеве самоврядування і громадськість мають належним чином будувати свою діяльність щодо політики історичної пам’яті в регіоні.
Inter-Viewing Socialist Dancing Bodies
Authors: An Yi
Published: April 2024

In October 2021, I interviewed three Chinese professional dancers who had completed undergraduate dance degrees in China and pursued their MFA in Dance degrees in the US. Their bi-cultural experiences and unique training narratives motivated me to re-search the Chinese dancing bodies beyond the borders. In this article, I draw on Robin Nelson’s methodologies of Practice/Performance as Research and Diana Taylor’s Performance Studies theory of the archive to examine the performativity of my interviewees’ dance experiences and my own educational experiences in both the US and in China. I explore how Chinese dancers, with their distinctive, yellow-skinned appearance, embody the national spirit and cultural traditions of China as they navigate various dance practices across the diverse landscape of the United States. Through their daily movements, these dancers inhabit a space of in-betweenness, leaving indelible but untraceable traces of their experiences on their bodies. My analysis delves into how these dancers, through their encounters in the field of dance and performance in the US, reinterpret their cultural memories, social identities, and socialist ideologies through choreography. Drawing from my own cross-border experiences between the US and China, I approach the examination of their performances through interviews, textual analysis, and movement interpretations.
Drama-based Pedagogy: Activating Learning Across the Curriculum, by Kathryn Dawson and Bridget Kiger Lee, Intellect, 2018, pp. 356.
Authors: Harris-Ramsby Fiona
Published: April 2024

Review: Drama-based Pedagogy: Activating Learning Across the Curriculum, by Kathryn Dawson and Bridget Kiger Lee, Intellect, 2018, pp. 356.
performa petani penerapan IP 200 PERFORMA SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI PADI SAWAH LEBAK DALAM ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI SISTEM TANAM PADI IP 200 DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Azmi Nur , Umikalsum RA , Febriyansyah Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Peningkatan indeks pertanaman (IP) padi dapat menyumbang peningkatan produksi beras dan turut mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah. Intensitas pertanaman padi pada sawah lebak yang umumnya hanya sekali dalam periode satu tahun (IP 100) dapat ditingkatkan intensitas pertanamannya menjadi dua kali dalam satu tahun (IP 200). Dengan meningkatnya IP padi, telah membuka kesempatan bagi petani padi untuk meningkatkan pendapatannya. Namun, masih terdapat kendala-kendala sehingga IP 200 masih belum diterapkan 100 persen oleh petani padi di Kelurahan Keramasan Kota Palembang. Setelah 6 tahun teknologi IP 200 diaplikasikan di lahan rawa lebak di Kota Palembang, maka dipandang perlu dilakukan analisis terkait dengan keragaan sosial ekonomi petani dalam adopsi teknologi sistem tanam padi  IP 200. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi membandingkan dan mengevaluasi keragaan sosial dan ekonomi petani dalam adopsi teknologi sistem tanam IP 200. Metode penarikan contoh yang digunakan adalah Disproportionated Stratified Random Sampling, dimana masing-masing tingkatan stratifikasi diwakili oleh 17 petani yang menerapkan inovasi teknologi sistem tanam padi  IP200 dan 17 petani yang tidak menerapkan. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaan sosial ekonomi secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis usahatani dan analisis resiko usaha.
Hasil analisis menjelaskan terdapat perbedaan rasionalitas sosial antara petani yang menerapkan teknologi inovasi IP 200 dengan petani yang tidak menerapkan teknologi inovasi  IP 200 pada lahan sawah lebak.  Adapun variabel yang berbeda adalah umur petani contoh, pendidikan, pengalam usahatani, asal, status kepemilikan lahan, serangan hama penyakit, frekuensi penyuluhan, keaktifan dalam kelompok tani dan motivasi petani. Sedangkan perbedaan performa rasionalitas ekonomi antara petani yang menerapkan inovasi teknologi IP 200 dan tidak menerapkan IP 200, variabael yang berbeda adalah produksi, produktivitas, biaya produksi, harga jual, penerimaan,  pendapatan, R/C Ratio, resiko usahatani dan keuntungan relatif.
Kata Kunci:   Performa sosial ekonomi, padi lebak, adopsi, inovasi IP 200
ANALISIS KEBERAGAMAN USAHA RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH LEBAK DI PINGGIRAN KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Sari Komala , Kurniawan M. Ardi
Published: April 2024

Livelihood strategies are various alternative efforts carried out by households to fulfill living needs for sustainable livelihoods. Through the livelihoods approach, we can understand how people/communities create a livelihood, and how they try to survive. The lives of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City are inseparable from the problem of the water regime conditions of the lowlands with all the impacts it causes as well as social and economic aspects and resource aspects (land conversion) from agriculture to residential and housing land. This research aims to 1) analyze the level of business diversity of farmer households, 2) calculate the amount of income of lowland rice farmer households from the on farm, off farm and non farm sectors. 3) distribute the contribution of various incomes from the off-farm and non-farm sectors to the household income of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City. The data used and the analysis carried out used a combination of primary survey data and qualitative data from the results of in-depth interviews with a sample of 32 families. The results of the research show that the diversity of household businesses of lebak farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City, with the calculation of the entropy index, obtained a value of 0.73. This shows that the efforts made by household members are very good. diverse. The average income from rice farming is Rp. 16,168,113.32 /lg/yr and its contribution to the household is moderate (54.96%), the average non-rice farming income is Rp. 4,319,548.42/year with its contribution to households in the low criteria category (14.68%), and the average non-farming income is IDR. 8,928,750.00/year and its contribution to households in the medium criteria category (30.35%).
Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani Plasma Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Abab
Authors: Sari Fitri Yunda , Lifianthi Lifianthi , Syafutri Merynda  Syafutri Indriyani
Published: April 2024

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor utama Indonesia. Data statistic Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2021-2023 menunjukkan sebaran perkebunan kelapa sawit di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia. Salah satu penghasil utama kelapa sawit di Pulau Sumatera adalah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Data produktivitas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, khususnya di Kabupaten Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (Pali) menunjukkan potensi yang signifikan. Pada tahun 2022, produktivitas kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Pali menunjukkan hasil yang baik, terutama di Kecamatan Abab yang menjadi produksi utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeterminasi proporsi pengeluaran pangan dan non pangan rumah tangga petani plasma kelapa sawit dan menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan petani plasma kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Abab Kabupaten Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir. Medote penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei untuk mengumpulkan data primer dari petani plasma. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, termasuk Badan Pusat Statistik, Dinas Pertanian dan perusahaan sawit di daerah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran untuk konsumsi pangan cenderung lebih tinggi dari pada pengeluaran konsumsi non-pangan yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan masih belum optimal.
Factors That Influence Pregnant Women's Compliance With Local PMT Bu Gateng
Authors: Fitriani Aida Fitriani , Erlina Erlina , Usrina Nora , Friscila Ika
Published: April 2024

Latar Belakang: Status gizi ibu hamil masih menjadi permasalahan yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting. Pemerintah mengusulkan solusi seperti memperbanyak penggunaan bahan-bahan lokal. Bu Gateng merupakan tradisi Aceh yang merayakan bulan ketujuh kehamilan.Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan ibu hamil pada Pemberian Makanan Tambahan lokal Bu Gateng.Metode: Metode kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi seluruh ibu hamil yang menjalani ANC di Puskesmas Pusangan Sibla Krueng. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 60 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah sampel acak sederhana. Sumber data primer dan sekunder. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat variabel sikap nilai p 0,000 dan dukungan keluarga nilai p 0,000 bermakna faktor sikap dan dukungan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan ibu hamil pada PMT lokal Bu Gateng.Kesimpulan: Sikap ibu dan dukungan keluarga adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan ibu hamil pada PMT lokal Bu Gateng.Saran: Memberikan dukungan kepada ibu hamil untuk mengkonsumsi PMT lokal Bu Gateng agar nutrisi janin dan ibu terpenuhi selama masa kehamilan. Kata Kunci : Bu Gateng, Ibu Hamil, Kepatuhan, PMT Lokal ABSTRACT Background: Nutritional status Mother pregnant Still become possible problems influence the occurrence of stunting. Government propose solution like multiply use ingredients local. Mrs. Gateng is Acehnese tradition of celebrating month seventh pregnancy.Purpose: Analyze influencing factors to obedience Mother pregnant on giving food addition local Bu Gateng.Methods: Quantitative method with cross-sectional design. Population all over Mother pregnant women undergoing ANC at the Community Health Center Pusangan Sibla Krueng. Research sample consists of 60 people. Retrieval technique the sample is sample random simple. Primary and secondary data sources. Analysis bivariate using the chi-square test.Results: Analysis results bivariate variable attitude p value 0.000 and support family p value 0.000 is significant factor attitude and support family influential to obedience Mother pregnant at the local PMT Bu Gateng.Conclusion: mother and support family is factor affecting obedience Mother pregnant at the local PMT, Mrs. Gateng.Suggestions: Give support to Mother pregnant For consume Local PMT Mrs. Gateng for nutrition fetus and mother fulfilled during pregnancy. Kata Kunci : Bu Gateng, Pregnant Women, Compliance , Local PMT
ІСТОРИЧНА ПЕРІОДИЗАЦІЯ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ТА НАУКОВІ РЕФЛЕКСІЇ
Authors: ГРИЦЮК Валерій , ПАШКОВА Ольга
Published: April 2024

У статті наведено авторську історичну періодизацію російсько-української війни, що охоплює 2014–2023 роки. Проаналізовано існуючі на сьогодні періодизації, розроблені вітчизняними військовими істориками. На основі попередніх наукових розробок автори пропонують розглядати збройну агресію російської федерації проти України у межах трьох періодів, виділивши у них фази та етапи, що якісно відрізняються за метою, характером і змістом бойових дій. Кожен із запропонованих періодів має свої особливості: І період поділено лише на фази, ІІ та ІІІ періоди розглядаються у межах фаз, що, у свою чергу, діляться на етапи.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНЕ ВОЄННО-ІСТОРИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМ ВИВЧЕННЯ, ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ І ПОШИРЕННЯ ДОСВІДУ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ РАДЯНСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ (ДОБА ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ) ТА ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС АНТИТЕРОРИСТИЧНОЇ ОПЕРАЦІЇ (2014–2018 рр.)
Authors: ПАЩУК Юрій
Published: April 2024

Стаття містить порівняльний історичний аналіз діяльності систем вивчення, впровадження та поширення досвіду у Робітничо-селянській Червоній армії Радянського Союзу під час Другої світової війни на Східному фронті (1941–1945 рр.) та у Збройних Силах України під час проведення антитерористичної операції (квітень 2014 – квітень 2018). Досліджуючи трансформування основних компонентів обох систем у воєнних умовах, зроблено висновки про ключові чинники, що визначили подібності та відмінності у реформуванні організаційних структур, процесів та засобів вивчення, впровадження і поширення досвіду у Червоній армії та Збройних Силах України.Актуальність проведеного компаративного воєнно-історичного дослідження зумовлена провідною роллю процесів вивчення та впровадження уроків і передового досвіду у забезпеченні ефективного застосування Збройних Сил України для відбиття російської збройної агресії. Потреба у виконанні науково-практичного завдання визначається недостатньою увагою українських історіографів до досліджень, присвячених вищевикладеному питанню.
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ МІЖНАРОДНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНО-ТРЕНУВАЛЬНИХ МІСІЙ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ЗC УКРАЇНИ У РОКИ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ (2014–2023)
Authors: БУРАКОВ Юрій , ГНЕВАШЕВА Анастасія
Published: April 2024

У статті проаналізовано історичний досвід організації та діяльності міжнародних навчально-тренувальних місій для Сил оборони України, організованих країнами-партнерами, союзниками України під час російської агресії (2014–2023 рр.). Відзначено, що ці місії є складовою широкого міжнародного військового співробітництва України із країнами-союзниками. Допомога міжнародного співтовариства нашій країні озброєнням і військовою технікою вимагає налагодження навчання українських військовослужбовців для ефективного ведення сучасного бою, застосування стандартів НАТО. Висвітлено історію створення найбільших навчальних місій для ЗС України: американської «JMTG-U», канадської «UNIFIER» та британських «ORBITAL» та «Операції INTERFLEX». Відзначено, що міжнародні тренувальні місії відіграють важливу роль у підготовці військовослужбовців ЗС України для успішних та злагоджених дій на театрах сучасної російсько-української війни. Із початком війни ЗС України почали поглиблено вивчати особливості військових стандартів НАТО й встали на шлях запровадження цих стандартів у бойове повсякдення. Зроблено висновок, що навчальні місії зробили значний внесок у підвищення кваліфікації та підготовку фахових кадрів для Сил оборони Україні і мають важливе значення у підвищенні бойових спроможностей ЗС України у ході російсько-української війни.
Comparison between Lidocaine Spray and Oral Paracetamol for Pain Reduction during Amniocentesis in Second Trimester Pregnancy; A Randomize Controlled Trial
Authors: Sriwattanapong Chanokrak , Pongrojpaw Densak , Chanthasenanont Athita , Pattaraarchachai Junya , Suwannarurk Komsun
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of lidocaine spray and oral paracetamol on pain reduction in pregnant women in the second trimester during amniocentesis.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized-controlled trial study conducted at Maternal and Fetal Medicine unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand between June 2022 and April 2023. Participants were pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis during gestational age between 15 and 20 weeks. They were allocated into three groups namely lidocaine, paracetamol and control groups. Subjects in lidocaine group received 8 puffs of 10% lidocaine (80 mg) spray onto the marked puncture site for five minutes before amniocentesis and ingested 1 placebo tablet 1 hour before procedure. Paracetamol group ingested 650 mg paracetamol orally 1 hour before amniocentesis and received 8 puffs of normal saline spray on the marked puncture site. Control group received 8 puffs of normal saline spray onto the marked puncture site for five minutes before amniocentesis and ingested 1 placebo tablet 1 hour before amniocentesis. Expected pain (Te), during procedure (T0), 15 and 30 minutes after procedure (T15 and T30) were evaluated based on 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS).
Results: A total of 510 pregnant women were recruited and divided equally (170 cases per group). Mean maternal age was 36.1 years old. Demographic characters of three groups were comparable. Lidocaine had more pain reduction than paracetamol and control group at T0, T15 and T30 (at T0: 3.06±2.16 vs 3.96±2.42 vs 3.92±2.35, P value < 0.001, T15: 1.12±1.38 vs 1.92±1.47 vs 1.98±1.87, P value < 0.001, T30: 0.64±0.95 vs 1.33±0.97 vs 1.09±1.44, P value < 0.001). However, paracetamol had no significant difference in pain reduction compared to control group.
Conclusion: Lidocaine spray before amniocentesis had more efficacy on pain reduction during amniocentesis, 15 and 30 minutes after procedure.
Development of the Purification Process of Gallium-68 Eluted from Germanium-68/Gallium-68 Generator
Authors: Sriprapa Tossaporn , Doungta Thanete , Sritongkul Napamon , Tantawiroon Malulee
Published: April 2024

Objective: 68Ga has a half-life of 68 minutes, with 89% of its decay is through positron emission. It is available from generator systems and possesses suitable property for labeling radioligands. These aspects make 68Ga a promising tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This study aims to develop the purification process of the 68Ga eluates from 68Ge/68Ga generator after its recommended shelf-life and ensuring the quality through the radiolabeling process.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we explored the development of a purification method for 68Ga eluted from a68Ge/68Ga generator before radiolabeling was investigated. Cation and anion exchange chromatography techniques were combined to remove trace amounts of competing metal ion impurities. Post-purification, the eluate’s metal contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Breakthrough of 68Ge was measured using a multi-channel analyzer (MCA) spectrometer with high-purity germanium (HPGe) radiation detectors. Additionally, the radiochemical purity of 68Ga-NOTA-RGD was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: Metal impurities including Fe(II), Zn(II) and Al(III) were reduced by 61%, 38% and 44% respectively. The 68Ge breakthrough was approximately ~10–3%. The labeling efficiency with NOTA-RGD, a tracer for angiogenesis imaging, resulted in an average yield of 68Ga-NOTA-RGD (not corrected for decay) of around 50%, with aradiochemical purity by HPLC of approximately 98%–99%.
Conclusion: Cation exchange in combination with anion exchange chromatography was thus proven to be an efficient method for purification of the 68Ga eluate from a 68Ge/68Ga generator prior to labeling the 68Ga PET radiotracer.
Real-world data on the Immunity Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine among Patients with Central Nervous System Immunological Diseases
Authors: Kosiyakul Punchika , Jitprapaikulsan Jiraporn , Uawithya Ekdanai , Wongprompitak Patimaporn , Chaimayo Chutikarn , Horthongkham Navin , Angkasekwinai Nasikarn , Tisavipat Nanthaya , Prayoonwiwat Naraporn , Rattanathamsakul Natthapon , Boonyapisit Kanokwan , Kumutpongpanich Theerawat , Sangsai Onpawee , Aueaphatthanawong Kamonchanok , Budkum Jirawan , Siritho Sasitorn
Published: April 2024

Objective: The effects of immunotherapies on the immune response to various regimens of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune neurological disease have been demonstrated in limited data. Thus, we evaluated the immune responses in each platform of COVID-19 vaccination between patients with autoimmune neurological disease and a healthy population.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study. We collected serum from patients with autoimmune neurological diseases to perform serological methods using anti-RBD IgG assay, neutralizing antibodies assay, and interferon SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Serological response level was analyzed by platforms of vaccines and types of immune modifying therapy.
Results: Fifty-eight patients had tested for an anti-RBD IgG response, and those receiving no immunotherapy/ healthy controls had the highest median anti-RBD IgG levels amongst immunotherapy statuses. Rituximab in those who received inactivated or mRNA vaccine regimens had the lowest antibody level compared with other immunotherapies. In vector-based vaccine regimens, significant reductions of anti-RBD IgG response were observed in all other immunotherapy groups except for azathioprine, with the greatest difference seen compared to rituximab. Thirty-five patients with positive anti-RBD responses were further tested for neutralizing antibodies. The mRNA vaccine regimen demonstrated the highest inhibition percentage among the Delta and Omicron variants. Twentytwo patients were tested for T cell responses, with no significant difference in T-cell activity across all groups.
Conclusion: We have demonstrated a significant decrease in antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases receiving immunotherapies compared to a healthy population, especially for patients taking rituximab.
Comparison between Anal Dilatation Protocols Following an Endorectal Pull-through for Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Ruangtrakool Ravit , Deepor Jirarak
Published: April 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical obstruction rate following a transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) in patients with Hirschsprung disease, between regular anal dilatation (AD) and selective anal dilatation (NAD) which meant that dilatation was only performed when an obstructive symptom occurred.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with Hirschsprung disease who underwent TERPT/abdominal assisted TERPT at Siriraj Hospital between January 2009 and December 2021 was carried out. It was the surgeon’s preference that the dilatation protocols between the 2 groups (AD or NAD) were assigned. Mechanical obstructions included evidence of stricture, a clinical symptom of constipation, presence of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), and/or requirement of re-operation.
Results: In total, 132 patients were included in this study, including 55 cases in the AD group (41.7%) and 77 cases in the NAD group (58.3%). Postoperative mechanical obstructions occurred in 84 patients (63.6%). Among the mechanical obstructions, there were 35 strictures (26.5%), 26 constipation (19.7%), 40 HAECs (30.3%), and 6 reoperation (4.5%). The mechanical obstruction rates in the AD [33/55 (60.0%)] and NAD [51/77 (66.2%)] groups were not significantly different (p = 0.582). The AD group was of a significantly younger age (p = 0.022) and lower body weight (p = 0.048) than the NAD group; however, a younger age and lower body weight were not significantly related with any of the obstructive complications. AD had a rate of anastomosis/cuff stricture [13/55 (23.6%)] similar to NAD [22/77 (28.6%)] (p = 0.665).
Effects of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on Semen Analysis, Hormonal Profile and Spontaneous Pregnancy Rate in Idiopathic Infertile Men: Before and After Clinical Trial
Authors: Benjamongkolchai Kirana , Phaliwong Paweena , Kim Jenny , Prasongvej Pichita , Smanchat Buppa , Prommas Sinart , Bhamarapravatana Kornkarn , Suwannarurk Komsun
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare sperm quality and quantity, hormonal profiles and spontaneous pregnancy rates before and after administering a 3 months course of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
Material and Methods: This prospective clinical trial was conducted at the Infertility Unit of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Thailand. The study period was from June 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023. Subjects were idiopathic infertile males aged between 20 and 50 years old. All subjects received 600 mg of NAC orally per day. Semen analysis (SA) and male hormonal profiles (MHP; testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin) were performed before and three months after NAC administration. Demographic, clinical characters and laboratory change were recorded.
Results: The 92 participants were recruited. The mean age of couples was 34.5 years old. The average duration of infertility was 3.6 years. Increase of semen volume (2.1 vs 2.4 ml, p < 0.001), semen concentration (30.5 vs 43.1 x 106/mL, p < 0.001), total motility (59.57 vs 72.38 %, p < 0.001), progressive motility (59 vs 69.8 %, p < 0.001), normozoospermia (60 vs 83 %, p < 0.001), testosterone (452.8 vs 479.0 ng/dL, p = 0.038), LH (4.6 vs 5.3 mIU/mL, p = 0.004) and FSH (4.4 vs 4.6 mIU/mL, p = 0.009) were observed after three months of NAC administration. No changes in sperm morphology and prolactin level. One-third (27/92) of each participant’s spouse conceived spontaneously.
Conclusion: NAC potentially enhances male hormonal profiles, sperm quality and quantity with an impressive spontaneous pregnancy rate.
Metastatic Death Following Ophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leelakanok Nattawut , Atchaneeyasakul La-ongsri , Songsaeng Dittapong , Methaneethorn Janthima , Sanpakit Kleebsabai , Buaboonnam Jassada
Published: April 2024

Objective: The use of ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (OAC) as a front-line and salvage therapy for retinoblastoma has grown. However, the risk of metastatic death in these patients remains unclear.
Materials and Methods: This study of metastatic deaths in OAC may benefit physicians managing retinoblastoma patients. A literature search of Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, and CINAHL was conducted from conception until November 2023. The primary outcome was metastatic death in patients treated with OAC.
Results: From the 219 evaluated articles, nine met the inclusion criteria. A total of 596 (635 eyes) patients were treated with OAC; and 20 cases resulted in death due to metastasis of the retinoblastoma. The metastatic mortality rate was 2.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.8%-4.2%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The central nervous system was the most common site of metastasis, followed by multiple sites of metastasis.
Conclusion: OAC treatment is associated with the risk of metastatic death, but it is lower than the overall mortality rate of retinoblastoma. Further studies to identify the risk of metastasis are needed.
Effect of Delayed Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography after Diagnosis of Acute Cholangitis; A Real-life Experience
Authors: Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Kittipichai Pattrawin , Sirinawasatein Apichet , Laohavichitra Kannikar , Ratanachu-Ek Thawee
Published: April 2024

Objective: Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening condition. Its main treatments include antibiotics and biliary drainage, but longer waiting times for endoscopic biliary drainage may be unavoidable in some limited-resource settings.
Materials and Methods: All patients who presented with cholangitis and received ERCP during the 3-year study period were included. The associations between waiting time from the diagnosis of acute cholangitis to the endoscopic drainage and the clinical outcomes, including 30-day all-course mortality and 30-day rehospitalization rates, were compared in patients who received ERCP within 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and later than 7 days.
Results: Overall, 300 patients were included. The 30-day all-course mortality rate was 5%, with 9% overall rehospitalization rate, and median waiting time for ERCP of 5 days (1 -50 days). There was no significant difference between 30-day mortality rates in patients who received ERCP within 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and over 7 days (p > 0.05). The mortality rate was significantly higher in those with severe cholangitis and with pancreatobiliary malignancy (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In real life situation when resources are limited, delayed ERCP did not increased the 30-day mortality rate in patients with cholangitis.
Navigating the Nomenclature of Liver Steatosis: Transitioning from NAFLD to MAFLD and MASLD - Understanding Affinities and Differences
Authors: Kaewdech Apichat , Sripongpun Pimsiri
Published: April 2024

The escalating prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a significant challenge to public health, with an increasing impact observed across various demographics. This review delivers a comprehensive evaluation of the evolving terminology in steatotic liver disease (SLD), documenting the transition from NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and progressing to the latest terms, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD). We conducted a comprehensive review of literature discussing the benefits and drawbacks of these nomenclatural changes. Clinical evidence supporting MASLD and MetALD, including the implications of alcohol consumption thresholds on disease classification and outcomes, was analyzed. The “MAFLD” and “MASLD” labels align with the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, afford a positive disease connotation, and facilitate the identification of more severe diseases, such as significant fibrosis or advanced liver disease. However, the MAFLD criteria may underdiagnose lean, non-overweight, or non-obese individuals with MAFLD. The review underscores the understanding of liver diseases linked to metabolic dysfunction and alcohol use. The shift in terminology marks progress towards a clinical diagnosis that reflects underlying pathophysiology. However, additional studies are necessary to assess the longterm effects of these changes and their efficacy in enhancing patient care and health outcomes.
Transformasi Aksesi World Trade Organization: Dari Interface ke Marketisasi dalam Integrasi Non-Market Economies
Authors: Putri Revita Maghfira Shavira
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji proses integrasi ekonomi non-pasar (NMEs) ke dalam World Trade Organization (WTO), dengan fokus pada evolusi pendekatan diplomasi perdagangan dan tantangan yang muncul dari perbedaan sistem ekonomi. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dan studi pustaka, analisis ini menyoroti bagaimana konflik antara asumsi ekonomi pasar WTO dan praktik ekonomi terencana negara-negara NME telah mengarah pada pengembangan strategi integrasi yang unik. Melalui pendekatan triangulasi data untuk validasi, studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa proses aksesi NME ke WTO telah bertransformasi dari model antarmuka yang netral menjadi strategi "marketisasi" yang menekankan reformasi ekonomi pro-pasar sebagai syarat keanggotaan. Analisis tematik dari dokumen kebijakan, protokol aksesi, dan literatur terkait menunjukkan pergeseran ideologi dalam rezim perdagangan global, dimana WTO memainkan peran kunci dalam memfasilitasi transisi ekonomi NME menuju ekonomi pasar. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang dinamika kekuasaan dalam diplomasi perdagangan multilateral dan implikasinya terhadap keseragaman sistem ekonomi global.
The Surgical Management of Intraoperative Intracranial Artery Injury in open Skull Base Surgery - A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Kaisar Haroon  , Md Shafiul Alam  , Tania Taher
Published: April 2024

Background: intracranial surgery is very commonly performed around the world. During   these surgeries, intraoperative injury to the major intracranial vessels is a very serious   condition. It has to be addressed promptly by either direct repair or vascular bypass.   We describe three cases where there was vascular injury during surgery which were   managed by direct repair. This implies the necessity of learning microvascular   techniques for safely perform the surgery and save the patient from neurological   deficits.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2023; 12(2): 122-124
Symptomatic Tarlov Cyst – Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Md Nasir Uddin  , Nafees Imtiaz Ahmed  , Muhammad Nazmul Baqui  , Md Anisul Islam Khan
Published: April 2024

Here we describe the case of a 53 year old woman presenting with low back pain with  radiation was diagnosed with sacral bilateral Tarlov cyst. She was treated by  laminectomy, disintegration of cyst and duroplasty. Histopathological examination of  the cyst wall was confirmed the diagnosis. Symptomatic Tarlov cysts are extremely  rare, commonly presenting as sacral or lumbar pain syndromes, sciatica or rarely as  cauda equina syndrome. Tarlov cysts should be considered in the differential  diagnosis of patients presenting with these complaints. 
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2023; 12(2):125-128
Correlation of Age and Colonic Polyp Size with Malignant Potentiality
Authors: Rahman Md  Anisur , Begum Most Umme Habiba , Hossain Md Delwar , Rhaman SM Mizanur , Ahmed Md Ishtyiaq , Niwaz Md Kaisar
Published: April 2024

Background: Incidence of detection of colorectal polyp is increasing in recent years. But factors associated with malignant potentiality of colorectal polyp is largely unknown.
Aims of the study: The aim of this study was to correlate patient age and colonic polyp size with malignant potentiality.
Materials and methods: This was an observational cross sectional study, carried out in Gastroenterology department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka cantonment in between January to December 2019. Total 240 patients were included in the study, whose underwent colonoscopy, had colonic polyps and polyp biopsy was done. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS 20 and obtained in tables and diagrams.
Results: Out of 240 patients male 165(68.7%), female 75(31.3%) with male to female ratio 2.5:1; mean age±SD  53.3±15.4 years; below 40 years  43 (17.9%), 40-60 years 102 (42.5%) and above 60 years 95(39.6%); 92 (38.3%) patients had different co-morbidity including 39 (16.3%) had multiple co-morbidity; colonic polyps found in caecum 32(13.3%), ascending colon 14 (5.8%), transverse colon 8(3.3%), descending colon 20(8.3%), sigmoid colon 32(13.3%), rectum 104 (43.3%), and multiple sites 30(12.5%);180(75.0%) polyps were sessile and 60(25.0%) pedunculated with minimum size 3mm and maximum 21mm in diameter; polyps were of neoplastic 91(37.9%),hyperplastic 18 (7.5%), and inflammatory 131(54.6%); among neoplastic polyps 83(34.6%) benign and 8(3.3%) malignant; among neoplastic polyps mild dysplasia 66(72.5%), moderate dysplasia 17(18.7%) and severe dysplasia 8(8.8%); polyps larger than 10mm size were associated with increasing degree of  dysplasia, odds ratio (OR) 9.2; 95% CI (2.9 to 29.1), p value < .001; patients of more than 60 years of age were also more associated with increasing degree of polyp dysplasia, odds ratio 3.5; 95% CI (1.3 to 9.2), p value .01.
Conclusion: Increasing age of patients and increasing size of colorectal polyps were associated with increasing degree of dysplasia in colonic polyp histopathology.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 120-125
A Comparative Study of Cardiac Toxicity Analysis in Hypo-Fractionated Vs Conventionalfractionated Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Post-Mastectomy Leftbreast Carcinoma
Authors: Begum Sonya , Rumman M Kamruzzaman , Haq Md Nazmul , Afrin Tania , Mamun Al , Hossain Tasneem , Tania Kamrun Nahar , Huque Md Shariful , Islam Johirul , Akhter Bipasha , Hossen Md Moarraf
Published: April 2024

Background: Post-mastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy improves long-term survival by reducing the risk of loco-regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with high-risk features. Considering radiation therapy to the left sided chest wall heart is an important organ at risk. Hypo-fractionated radiotherapy is increasingly being used due to involvement of fewer treatment sessions and is almost radio-biologically equivalent to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy.
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate cardiac toxicities between hypo and conventionally fractionated radiotherapy.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka from January 2019 to December 2019, 60 patients were purposively assigned into two groups and each group included 30 patients. Arm A: received Conventional fractionated radiotherapy (50Gy/25 fractions over 5 weeks, at 2Gy/fraction). Arm B: received Hypo- fractionated radiotherapy (40.05 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks at 2.67 Gy/fraction). Echocardiography (ECHO), Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to find the cardiac toxicities.
Results: The mean age of the patients in arm A was 50.03 ± 6.82 years and that of arm B was 48.08 ± 5.08 years. No significant statistical difference was found between the two groups regarding socio-demographic variables and clinical presentations. Most of the patients in both arms showed grade 0 cardiac toxicity (arm A: 70% and arm B:  80%) & few showed grade 1 cardiac toxicity (arm A: 20% and arm B: 13.3%) and three patients (10.0%) in arm A and two patients (6.66%) in arm B had shown grade 2 cardiac toxicities six months after treatment.  However, this difference was statistically not significant (p >0.05). Before treatment, the ejection fraction (EF) of arm A and arm B were 63.3 ± 5.621 and 64.7± 4.991. Six months after treatment the EF of both arms decreased (arm A 60.2 ± 4.051 & arm B 60.9 ± 5.121) but the difference was statistically not significant (p >0.05).
Conclusion: Hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in the adjuvant setting for the treatment of left breast cancer has no additional cardiac toxicity in comparison to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy while maintaining same efficacy.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 169-175
Idiopathic Ascites after Laparoscopic Appendicectomy: a review of literature and a case report
Authors: Mahmud Md Nasir Uddin , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Hossain SM Shakhwat
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Minimal access surgery, encompassing laparoscopy and robotic procedures, has become the preferred choice for a wide range of surgical interventions, receiving widespread acceptance from both surgeons and patients. However, as the utilization of these minimally invasive techniques continues to grow, surgeons are increasingly confronted with unforeseen and puzzling complications. One such rare and perplexing complication is the emergence of ascites following laparoscopic procedures, particularly when no accidental injury to the bowel or urinary system has occurred, posing a challenging and distressing scenario for the operating surgeon.
Aims and Objective:We have encountered a case of idiopathic ascites following a laparoscopic appendicectomy in a 10-year-old boy. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive literature review to identify similar case reports and publications. By doing so, we aim to enhance our understanding of the causes and principles for managing idiopathic ascites occurring after laparoscopic surgery.
Methods: A 10-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with typical symptoms of acute appendicitis. Following evaluation, a nearly bloodless and uneventful laparoscopic appendicectomy was performed. However, postoperatively, he developed ascites accompanied by scrotal swelling due to scrotal edema, and despite thorough evaluation, no identifiable cause was found. The patient was managed conservatively and fully recovered without any subsequent complications.
Results: The occurrence of ascites stemming from an idiopathic allergic or inflammatory peritoneal reaction during a laparoscopic procedure is exceptionally rare. During the patient's evaluation, the paramount concern was to rule out potentially significant complications such as bowel or urinary tract injuries, which can commonly result in postoperative peritoneal fluid accumulation. After the procedure, the boy underwent a thorough evaluation, but no definitive cause for the ascites was identified, further highlighting the enigmatic nature of this condition.
Conclusion: Postoperative ascites without a discernible cause following laparoscopic surgery is an unexpected complication. In such cases, the leading hypothesis points to a peritoneal inflammatory reaction induced by agents utilized during laparoscopy.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 194-198
In Utero Urinary Bladder Rupture Causing Urinary Ascites due to Posterior Urethral valve: A case Report
Authors: Tajkia Gule , Rima Shamim , Rahman M Ekhlasur , Amin Syed Khairul , Halder Soma
Published: April 2024

Urinary ascites in a newborn infant is unusual and most commonly indicates a disruption to the integrity of urinary tract, the most common cause being posterior urethral valve. We report a case of fetal urinary bladder rupture due to posterior urethral valve. The case was diagnosed antenatally by ultrasonography and after birth the diagnosis is confirmed by ascitic fluid study and imaging technique and managed successfully by participation of gynecologist, neonatologist, radiologist and urologist. Urinary ascites should be considered in a male neonate with ascites.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 204-208
Underlying Illnesses Responsible for Persistent/ Recurrent Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul
Published: April 2024

Abstract not available
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2024; 42: 109-110