bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene glycol grafted flower‐like cupric nano oxide for the hollow‐fiber solid‐phase microextraction of hexaconazole, penconazole, and diniconazole in vegetable samples
Authors: Zendegi‐Shiraz Amene , Sarafraz‐Yazdi Ali , Es'haghi Zarrin
Published: July 2016

A simple, rapid, highly efficient, and reliable sample preparation method has been developed for the extraction and analysis of triazole pesticides from cucumber, lettuce, bell pepper, cabbage, and tomato samples. This new sorbent in the hollow‐fiber solid‐phase microextraction method is based on the synthesis of polyethylene glycol‐polyethylene glycol grafted flower‐like cupric oxide nanoparticles using sol–gel technology. Afterward, the analytes were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The main parameters that affect microextraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized. This method has afforded good linearity ranges (0.5–50 000 ng/mL for hexaconazol, 0.012–50 000 ng/mL for penconazol, and 0.02–50 000 ng/mL for diniconazol), adequate precision (2.9–6.17%, n = 3), batch‐to‐batch reproducibility (4.33–8.12%), and low instrumental LODs between 0.003 and 0.097 ng/mL (n = 8). Recoveries and enrichment factors were 85.46–97.47 and 751–1312%, respectively.
Applying Multidimensional Method of Moments for Modeling and Estimating Parameters for Arborescent Polyisobutylene Production in Batch Reactor
Authors: Zhao Yutian R. , Arriola Daniel J. , Puskas Judit E. , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: July 2016

A mathematical model is developed for the arborescent poly­isobutylene system in a batch reactor, using multidimensional method of moments, to predict the concentrations of monomer and inimer as well as number and weight average molecular weight. This model is significantly efficient in computation, making parameter estimation practical. Simulation results agree with results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. Parameter estimation results show that using the weight average molecular weight data provide better overall fit than leaving them out in the previous model.

image
Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson's Disease: The Relation of Blood Pressure Tests and Symptoms in Daily Life
Authors: Velseboer Daan C. , de Haan Rob J. , Post Bart , Krediet C.T.P. (Paul) , Verberne Hein J. , de Bie Rob M.A.
Published: July 2016

Background

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relation between the results of orthostatic blood pressure tests and orthostatic symptoms in daily life is not clear.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study in an incident nontertiary care cohort of PD patients with additional recruitment of PD patients from our own outpatient clinic. We recruited sex‐ and age‐matched controls. All participants underwent orthostatic blood pressure tests using continuous blood pressure measurements. Orthostatic symptoms experienced in daily life were assessed using autonomic symptom questionnaires (SCOPA‐AUT and COMPASS‐31).

Results

A total of 83 PD patients and 35 controls were included. Mean patient age was 69.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 10.0). Mean disease duration was 6.6 years (SD, 0.8). The estimated prevalence of OH in PD was 24.1% (95% confidence interval: 16.2–34.3). There was no significant difference between PD patients with and without OH regarding reported daily orthostatic symptoms. Alternative OH criteria did not substantially improve this.

Conclusions

Perceived orthostatic symptoms in daily life have no clear association with the results of a single orthostatic blood pressure test. Better diagnostic strategies are needed.
Metric methods for heteroclinic connections
Authors: Monteil Antonin , Santambrogio Filippo
Published: July 2016

We consider the problem
among curves connecting two given wells of W≥0, and we reduce it, following a standard method, to a geodesic problem of the form
with
. We then prove existence of curves minimizing this new action just by proving that the distance induced by K is proper (i.e., its closed balls are compact). The assumptions on W are minimal, and the method seems robust enough to be applied in the future to some PDE problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wie Mikroorganismen und Elektroden interagieren
Authors: Schröder Uwe , Greiner Andreas , Rosenbaum Miriam A. , Harnisch Falk
Published: July 2016

Die Verknüpfung von Elektrochemie und Mikrobiologie ist Forschung mit Anwendungspotenzial: von der Energiegewinnung aus Abwasser bis zur Synthese von Chemikalien. Wichtige Rollen spielen Elektrochemie, Mikrobiologie und Materialwissenschaften.
Was vom Graphen‐Hype übrig bleibt
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: July 2016

Unglaublich dünn, gleichzeitig fest und leitfähig − die wissenschaftliche Welt feierte die zweidimensionale Kohlenstoffmodifikation nach der Entdeckung Anfang der 2000er Jahre als neues Wundermaterial. Inzwischen hat die Begeisterung etwas nachgelassen – aber verebbt ist sie noch nicht.
Paper waste sludge enhanced eco‐efficient polyurethane foam composites: Physical–mechanical properties and microstructure
Authors: Kairytė Agnė , Kirpluks Mikelis , Ivdre Aiga , Cabulis Ugis , Vėjelis Sigitas , Balčiūnas Giedrius
Published: July 2016

Increasing demands and consumption of humankind make an increase in paper production, extending the accumulation of paper production wastes. Due to legislations pertaining to environmental pollution, it has become necessary to search for new areas where these wastes could be used. Some of the processes such as milling, purification, etc. of fillers in the production of building materials are expensive and their cost reduction is desirable; therefore, the objective of this research is to develop strong and multifunctional rigid polyurethane foam composites from bio‐based polyol that are filled with unpurified and high distribution in size, having paper waste sludge (PWS) particles, and to investigate the possibility to recycle them as filler in polyurethane composites. The rational amount of PWS particles is 5% by foam mass. PWS particles improve thermal conductivity, water vapor resistance, density, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity as compared to neat polyurethane foam matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1852–1860, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Subdural hematoma cases identified through a Danish patient register: diagnosis validity, clinical characteristics, and preadmission antithrombotic drug use
Authors: Poulsen Frantz Rom , Halle Bo , Pottegård Anton , García Rodríguez Luis Alberto , Hallas Jesper , Gaist David
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the usefulness of Danish patient registers for epidemiological studies of subdural hematoma (SDH) and to describe clinical characteristics of validated cases.

Methods

Using a patient register covering a geographically defined area in Denmark, we retrieved hospital contacts recorded under SDH International Classification of Diseases version 10 codes S065 and I620 in 2000–2012. Neurosurgeons reviewed medical records of all potential cases. Based on brain scan results, verified cases were classified by SDH type (chronic SDH (cSDH) or acute SDH (aSDH)). Thirty‐day mortality and preadmission antithrombotic drug use were established through linkage to population‐based registers. We calculated the positive predictive value of the SDH code and compared mortality and preadmission antithrombotic drug use of cSDH with those of aSDH (age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95%CI)).

Results

We verified the diagnosis in 936 of 1185 identified patients. The positive predictive value was highest for hospital contacts with principal discharge diagnosis code S065 (96%) but was low for other contact types under code S065 (25–54%), and only moderate for patients recorded under code I620 (62%). cSDH represented 57% of verified cases, and aSDH the remaining 43%. cSDH differed markedly from aSDH with regard to a number of clinical characteristics, including a much lower mortality (OR 0.2, 95%CI 0.1–0.3). However, preadmission antithrombotic drug use did not vary by SDH type (OR 0.9, 95%CI 0.6–1.2).

Conclusions

Danish patient registers are a useful resource for SDH studies. However, choice of International Classification of Diseases code markedly influences diagnostic validity. Distinction between cSDH and aSDH is not possible based on SDH diagnosis codes only. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of ultra‐high speed twin screw extrusion on ABS/organoclay nanocomposite blend properties
Authors: Farahanchi Azadeh , Boehm Emily , Orbey Nese , Malloy Robert
Published: July 2016

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) nanocomposites containing Cloisite 11 organoclay at 2 wt% were prepared using a 60 L/D ultra‐ high speed twin screw extruder (TSE), with speeds ranging from 400 to 4000 rpm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high shear melt processing on the intercalation and exfoliation of organoclay in the polymer, as well as the mechanical and rheological properties of the material. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results showed better intercalation of the nanofiller with increasing screw speed up to a point, and indicated an exfoliated structure of the nanocomposites extruded at 4000 rpm. Mechanical and rheological testing results indicated that by adding organoclay to ABS, the properties improved with increasing screw speed up to an optimum value of 2000 rpm. However, at the higher screw speeds of 3000 and 4000 rpm, the intense shear history led to a decrease in properties, most likely due to chain scission and molecular weight reduction. Similar trends were observed in rheological properties of the nanocomposite as well. At 2000 rpm, the results indicate that the lowering of the molecular weight due to shear effects is balanced by good intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:60–68, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Natural Products as Mechanism‐based Anticancer Agents: Sp Transcription Factors as Targets
Authors: Safe Stephen , Kasiappan Ravi
Published: July 2016

Naturally occurring anticancer agents and their derivatives act on multiple pathways to inhibit carcinogenesis and their inhibition of migration, invasion, growth, survival, and metastasis is associated with downregulation of genes associated with these responses. Several phytochemical‐derived anticancer drugs including curcumin, betulinic acid, phenethylisothiocyanate and celastrol, and many others induce reactive oxygen species, and their effects on gene regulation show some overlap in various cancer cell lines. We hypothesize that reactive oxygen species‐inducing anticancer agents and many other natural products target a common pathway in cancer cells, which initially involves downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in tumors/cell lines derived from solid tumors. This hypothesis is supported by several published reports showing that a large number of phytochemical‐derived anticancer agents downregulate Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, and pro‐oncogenic Sp‐regulated genes involved in cell growth (cyclin D1 and growth factor receptors), survival (bcl‐2 and survivin), angiogenesis and migration (MMP‐9, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors), and inflammation (NF‐kB). The contribution of this pathway to the anticancer activity of drugs such as curcumin, celastrol, betulinic acid, and phenethylisothiocyanate must be determined in order to optimize clinical applications of drug combinations containing these compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Dynamic Risk Assessment Methodology for Maintenance Decision Support
Authors: Chemweno Peter , Pintelon Liliane , De Meyer Anne‐Marie , Muchiri Peter N. , Van Horenbeek Adriaan , Wakiru James
Published: July 2016

The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a widely applied technique for prioritizing equipment failures in the maintenance decision‐making domain. Recent improvements on the FMEA have largely focussed on addressing the shortcomings of the conventional FMEA of which the risk priority number is incorporated as a measure for prioritizing failure modes. In this regard, considerable research effort has been directed towards addressing uncertainties associated with the risk priority number metrics, that is occurrence, severity and detection. Despite these improvements, assigning these metrics remains largely subjective and mostly relies on expert elicitations, more so in instances where empirical data are sparse. Moreover, the FMEA results remain static and are seldom updated with the availability of new failure information. In this paper, a dynamic risk assessment methodology is proposed and based on the hierarchical Bayes theory. In the methodology, posterior distribution functions are derived for risk metrics associated with equipment failure of which the posterior function combines both prior functions elicited from experts and observed evidences based on empirical data. Thereafter, the posterior functions are incorporated as input to a Monte Carlo simulation model from which the expected cost of failure is generated and failure modes prioritized on this basis. A decision scheme for selecting appropriate maintenance strategy is proposed, and its applicability is demonstrated in the case study of thermal power plant equipment failures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recoverable chaos‐based fragile watermarking with high PSNR preservation
Authors: Li Ming , Xiao Di , Liu Hong , Bai Sen
Published: July 2016

The preservation of high peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of the watermarked image is required in some applications. The chaos‐based fragile watermarking proposed by Rawat et al. in 2011 can meet this requirement, for only one LSB plane of the original image is modified by the watermark data. However, there are three drawbacks in the original scheme: (i) insecurity, the host image can be tampered without being detected; (ii) the detected tampered area is incomplete; and (iii) the most important thing is that the tampered area is unrecoverable. Enlightened by the work of Rawat et al., we propose a new recoverable chaos‐based fragile watermarking scheme, in which all of the drawbacks in the original scheme have been overcome, while the size of the watermark is unchanged, therefore the high peak signal‐to‐noise ratio characteristic can be preserved. The chaotic map is used to ensure the security; the idea of block dividing is adopted to improve the tamper detection and to make storage space for the recovery data embedding; and the border matching recovery based on vector quantization is proposed to improve the recovery result of the target image. Experiments show that our method is secure and recoverable, and the recovery ability is extremely satisfactory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comprehensive analysis for fair probability marking based traceback approach in WSNs
Authors: Liu Anfeng , Liu Xiao , Liu Yuxin
Published: July 2016

Currently, the analysis result of fair probability marking approach can only be got in the single‐source linear and single‐source tree network, which cannot meet the requirement of applications. This paper fills in this gap by providing an accurate marking probability analysis model for linear network, tree network, and planar network. Compare with the marking packets mechanism with equal marking probability, the analysis result of this paper shows that FPM mechanisms cannot only reduce convergence time up to 20%–60% for medium‐sized plane sensor networks, but also reduces the amount of data, so the network lifetime is 1.2 times to 3.37 times than previous methods. The mark probability τ of each node is given and its performance is comprehensively analyzed for FPM approach. The results have important guiding significance for designing traceback scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DWT‐based anomaly detection method for cyber security of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Saganowski Łukasz , Andrysiak Tomasz , Kozik Rafał , Choraś Michał
Published: July 2016

Critical infrastructures are exposed to many natural and man‐made hazards and threats. Recently, in the era of moving previously disconnected (tele)‐monitoring, control and supervisory systems (e.g., information and communication technologies or supervisory control and data acquisition) towards full network connection, the risk of cyber attacks on such systems is continuously growing. One of the current trends in information and communication technology systems controlling critical infrastructures (such as energy grids, telecommunication networks, or water systems) is deployment of wireless sensor networks. Therefore, the cyber security of the mentioned networks becomes an important challenge to be solved. In this paper, we propose a discrete wavelet transform‐based method of anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks that could be deployed in critical infrastructures (e.g., in energy grids, to measure some parameters). The major contribution of the paper is the implementation of the innovative SNORT‐based pre‐processor using the effective anomaly detection methods based on discrete wavelet transform. We apply the discrete wavelet transform to 26 network traffic parameters measured in our realistic testbed. We also discuss which parameters of the traffic are most useful for such purpose. Moreover, we implement our method as an algorithm in a dedicated SNORT preprocessor in order to be compliant with this popular state of the art intrusion detection system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CdS‐Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Josephine Durairaj Santhakumar Ruby , Sakthivel Balasubramanian , Sethuraman Kunjithapatham , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi
Published: July 2016

In the present work, cubic and hexagonal phases of CdS are synthesized and deposited on graphene oxide (GO) layers. These nanocomposites are characterized by UV‐Visible, photoluminescence, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images for the existence of CdS as well as GO sheets. The catalytic activity of c‐CdS/GO (cubic CdS) and h‐CdS/GO (hexagonal CdS) nanocomposites are compared in the synthesis of 2‐phenylbenzimidazole from benzaldehyde and o‐pheneylenediamine under mild reaction conditions. It is interesting to note that the present experimental conditions allow detecting only the formation of 2‐phenylbenzimidazole as the final product. The catalyst stability is also investigated by powder XRD, SEM and TEM images and observing some aggregation of CdS nanoparticles.
Intramolecular π–π Interactions in Diethanodihydronaphthalene and Derivatives: Dynamic and Static Behavior of the Interactions Elucidated by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis
Authors: Matsuiwa Kohei , Hayashi Satoko , Nakanishi Waro
Published: July 2016

Dynamic and static behavior of the intramolecular π–π interactions between ethylene moieties in diethanodihydronaphthalene (1 a) and the derivatives (2 a–12 a) are elucidated by employing QTAIM‐DFA (QTAIM dual functional analysis), which we proposed recently. Total electron energy densities Hb(rc) are plotted versus Hb(rc) – Vb(rc)/2 at bond critical points (BCPs) for the interactions in question in QTAIM‐DFA, where Vb(rc) are potential energy densities at BCPs. After analysis of the plots, the π–π interactions in 1 a–12 a are all classified by the pure closed shell interactions and characterized to have the vdW nature with MP2/6‐311G(d), except for those in 10 a–12 a, where the ethylene moieties in 1 a are replaced by benzene moieties. The character in 10 a–12 a is predicted to have the typical‐HB (hydrogen bond) nature without covalency, although that in 10 a and 11 a seems close to the border area between the two. Indeed, the twisted structures were predicted for 1 a–4 a with MP2/6‐311G(d), but the observed non‐twisted structures of 1 a–3 a were better reproduced with MP2/6‐311G(3d). The typical‐HB nature without covalency was additionally predicted for the interactions between ethylene and benzene moieties in 9 a with MP2/6‐311G(3d), maybe due to somewhat shorter
distances predicted for the interactions in question. The interaction in TS is also discussed exemplified by 10 a (C2v).
An Efficient Synthesis of Fused 2‐Aryliminothiazolines via a Solvent‐Free Cyclopropyliminium Rearrangement
Authors: Samet Alexander V. , Silyanova Evgenia A. , Semenova Marina N. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Semenov Victor V.
Published: July 2016

(Z)‐3‐Aryliminopyrrolo[1,2‐c]thiazoles were prepared by a base‐induced dehydrobromination of 3‐arylaminopyrrolo[1,2‐c]thiazolium bromides, which, in turn, were obtained via an efficient solvent‐free cyclopropyliminium rearrangement of the corresponding 4‐cyclopropylthiazole hydrobromides proceeding in melt at high rate and in excellent yields. Biological evaluation using phenotypic sea urchin embryo assay showed that 2‐arylamino‐4‐cyclopropylthiazoles displayed an antimitotic tubulin‐unrelated activity, whereas fused‐ring rearrangement products were proposed to inhibit Ca‐Zn–dependent metalloproteases.
Exploring Crystal Engineering for Porous Uranyl–Organic Frameworks: Insight into Hydrolysis and In Situ Reaction, Structural Variation‐Dependent Physical Properties
Authors: Song Jian , Xing Yong‐Heng , Wang Xiao‐Min , Gao Xue , Wang Zhi‐Nan , Feng Xiao‐Dong , Bai Feng‐Ying
Published: July 2016

Three porous uranyl complexes {(CH3)2NH2[(UO2)(L1)]⋅H2O}n (1), {[(UO2)5(μ2‐OH)(μ3‐OH)(L2)2(H2O)3]}n (2) and {[(UO2)4(μ3‐OH)2(L3*)3]}n (3), {H3L1 = 5‐((4‐carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid, H4L2 = 4,4’‐oxydiphthalic acid, and H2L3 = 4,4’‐((6‐chloro‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diyl)bis(azanediyl))dibenzoic acid}, have been designed and synthesized under solvothermal and hydrothermal reaction conditions. All of these ligands are firstly used in the syntheses of uranyl hybrid materials. We investigated the main factors on the uranyl hydrolysis systematically and discussed the in situ reaction mechanism in detail. Furthermore, physical properties of these uranyl complexes are dependent on structural variations, such as unusual solvent‐impressionable five‐peak photoluminescence for 2, surface photoelectric behavior as potential p‐type semiconductors for 2 and 3, and the remarkable superiorities toward selective removal of dye pollutant for the anionic framework 1 compared with the neutral ones 2 and 3.
‘Natural Images’ Project: Re-discovering the photographic collections at Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales
Authors: Williams Melanie
Published: July 2016

In 2011, Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales embarked on a project to digitize a selection of its historic photography holdings. It was the first time that the collections were looked at holistically. The project brought together curators from all collecting areas, encouraging cross departmental engagement, and brought to light collections that spanned numerous departments. How were collections chosen for digitization? What lessons were learned? The issues of incomplete metadata, the use of multiple numerical references and the varied way in which departments recorded data were just some of the issues faced by the project team. After three years, the rich historic photography collections are not only better understood, but there is now a legacy for further research and public dissemination.
Screen life and shelf life: critical vocabularies for digital-to-print artists’ publications
Authors: Senior David , Hamerman Sarah
Published: July 2016

The Library of the Museum of Modern Art in New York has been an institution of record for artists' publications for the last forty years. Through its artists' books collection, the library has traced the various ways in which artists have used printed matter as an integral aspect of their practice. In the present context, as publishing now takes place in digital spheres of social media, personal websites and email correspondence as well as in print, the library must constantly reconsider how it “collects” across these media. The surprise of our current context is the degree that digital networks, image exchange, etc. are feeding into an increased output of printed artists’ books, magazines and little architecture and design publications. Such web-to-print artists’ books can be considered ‘hybrid’ publications that exist between online and offline spaces. Following Paul Soulellis, we argue that these artists ‘perform publishing’ by investigating multiple materialities and design possibilities as their works travel through the network. We situate web-to-print artists’ publishing in a historical context while offering a vocabulary for the new ways that artists are activating and appropriating, screen-grabbing and searching, the mass of verbal and visual information on the Internet. Notable web-to-print publications by Dexter Sinister, Paul Soulellis, Sabrina Fernandez Casas, David Horvitz and others illuminate the aesthetics and tactics of this genre. Finally, we propose that collaborations between art librarians and web archivists might adequately preserve these hybrid works.
Real-analytic weak mixing diffeomorphisms preserving a measurable Riemannian metric
Authors: KUNDE PHILIPP
Published: July 2016

On the torus$\mathbb{T}^{m}$of dimension$m\geq 2$we prove the existence of a real-analytic weak mixing diffeomorphism preserving a measurable Riemannian metric. The proof is based on a real-analytic version of the approximation by conjugation method with explicitly defined conjugation maps and partition elements.
A self-consistent formulation for the sensitivity analysis of finite-amplitude vortex shedding in the cylinder wake
Authors: Meliga P. , Boujo E. , Gallaire F.
Published: July 2016

We use the adjoint method to compute sensitivity maps for the limit-cycle frequency and amplitude of the Bénard–von Kármán vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder. The sensitivity analysis is performed in the frame of the semi-linear self-consistent model recently introduced by Mantič et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113, 2014, 084501), which allows us to describe accurately the effect of the control on the mean flow, but also on the finite-amplitude fluctuation that couples back nonlinearly onto the mean flow via the formation of Reynolds stress. The sensitivity is computed with respect to arbitrary steady and synchronous time-harmonic body forces. For a small amplitude of the control, the theoretical variations of the limit-cycle frequency predict well those of the controlled flow, as obtained from either self-consistent modelling or direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. This is not the case if the variations are computed in the simpler mean flow approach overlooking the coupling between the mean and fluctuating components of the flow perturbation induced by the control. The variations of the limit-cycle amplitude (that falls out the scope of the mean flow approach) are also correctly predicted, meaning that the approach can serve as a relevant and systematic guideline to control strongly unstable flows exhibiting non-small, finite amplitudes of oscillation. As an illustration, we apply the method to control by means of a small secondary control cylinder and discuss the obtained results in the light of the seminal experiments of Strykowski & Sreenivasan (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 218, 1990, pp. 71–107).
Cluster analysis of polyphenol intake in a French middle-aged population (aged 35–64 years)
Authors: Julia Chantal , Touvier Mathilde , Lassale Camille , Fezeu Léopold , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Published: July 2016

Polyphenols have been suggested as protective factors for a range of chronic diseases. However, studying the impact of individual polyphenols on health is hindered by the intrinsic inter-correlations among polyphenols. Alternatively, studying foods rich in specific polyphenols fails to grasp the ubiquity of these components. Studying overall dietary patterns would allow for a more comprehensive description of polyphenol intakes in the population. Our objective was to identify clusters of dietary polyphenol intakes in a French middle-aged population (35–64 years old). Participants from the primary prevention trial SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study were included in the present cross-sectional study (n 6092; 57·8 % females; mean age 48·7 (sd 6·4) years). The fifty most consumed individual dietary polyphenols were divided into energy-adjusted tertiles and introduced in a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), leading to comprehensive factors of dietary polyphenol intakes. The identified factors discriminating polyphenol intakes were used in a hierarchical clustering procedure. Four clusters were identified, corresponding broadly to clustered preferences for their respective food sources. Cluster 1 was characterised by high intakes of tea polyphenols. Cluster 2 was characterised by high intakes of wine polyphenols. Cluster 3 was characterised by high intakes of flavanones and flavones, corresponding to high consumption of fruit and vegetables, and more broadly to a healthier diet. Cluster 4 was characterised by high intakes of hydroxycinnamic acids, but was also associated with alcohol consumption and smoking. Profiles of polyphenol intakes allowed for the identification of meaningful combinations of polyphenol intakes in the diet.
A Survey of Yacht Research at Southampton University
Authors: Tanner T.
Published: July 2016

For many years certain similarities between the mechanics of the sailing yacht and of the slow speed aeroplane have been recognised and the wealth of knowledge in the science of “Aerodynamics” has undoubtedly led, by the slow process of evolution, to increased ability of the yacht in skilful hands to beat to windward. Interesting comparisons in this respect have been made by Davidson. But there are essential differences between the yacht and the fixed-wing aircraft, apart from the more obvious ones, which are so profound that a study of yacht dynamics would appear to be worthy of more attention than it has yet been given.
BORDERS ARE GALAXIES: INTERPRETING CONTESTATIONS OVER LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES IN SOUTH SUDAN
Authors: Cormack Zoe
Published: July 2016

This article explores conflicts over local administrative boundaries in South Sudan and what these reveal about relationships between pastoralist communities and the state. Drawing on research in the Gogrial region of South Sudan, it argues that conflicts over local boundaries are rooted in the existence of different border paradigms and in subsequent attempts to resolve, sometimes violently, competing moral claims on the landscape. It draws a contrast between a Dinka concept of the border as a point that is owned and the state's concept of the border as a neutral dividing line. These concepts are based on different cultural logics, but there has been a century of interpenetration as well as conflict between them. The state has tried to lay its lines over Dinka points and local people have sought to tap the power of the state by claiming authority at administrative boundaries. These complex processes of interpenetration show how rural populations negotiate with violent state power: both in the past and in the process of forming the new state of South Sudan. They also reveal how some pastoralist populations have played an active role in shaping the geography of the state.
DEPENDENCE, UNFREEDOM AND SLAVERY IN AFRICA: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS
Authors: Rossi Benedetta
Published: July 2016

The three books reviewed in this article seek to provide interpretations of dependence, unfreedom and slavery in African societies. But they reach different conclusions; bring different methodological frameworks to bear on the circumstances they examine; and – when they are concerned with policy questions – propose different remedies. A comparison of these books is useful not only for understanding African dependence and unfreedom, but also for rethinking critically the approaches of some of the main contemporary strands of research on these phenomena.
Dietary intake of manganese and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhou Biao , Su Xuefen , Su Danting , Zeng Fangfang , Wang Maggie Haitian , Huang Lichun , Huang Enshan , Zhu Yibo , Zhao Dong , He Denghua , Zhu Xuhui , Yeoh Engkiong , Zhang Ronghua , Ding Gangqiang
Published: July 2016

Animal studies have suggested that Mn might be associated with some components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A few epidemiological studies have assessed dietary Mn intake and its association with the risk of the MetS and its components among Chinese adults. In this study, we assessed daily dietary Mn intake and its relationship with MetS risk among Chinese adults in Zhejiang Province using data from the 5th Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (2010–2012). A total of 2111 adults were included. Dietary Mn intake was assessed using 3-d 24-h dietary recalls; health-related data were obtained by questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The mean intake of Mn was 6·07 (sd 2·94) mg/d for men (n 998) and 5·13 (sd 2·65) mg/d for women (n 1113). Rice (>42 %) was the main food source of Mn. The prevalence of the MetS was 28·0 % (590/2111). Higher Mn intake was associated with a decreased risk of the MetS in men (Q4 v. Q1 OR 0·62; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·92; Ptrend=0·043) but an increased risk in women (Q4 v. Q1 OR 1·56; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·45; Ptrend=0·078). In addition, Mn intake was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (Ptrend=0·016) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (Ptrend=0·029) in men, but positively associated with low HDL-cholesterol in both men (Ptrend=0·003) and women (Ptrend<0·001). Our results suggest that higher Mn intakes may be protective against the MetS in men. The inverse association between Mn intake and the MetS in women might be due to the increased risk for low HDL-cholesterol.
Conservation challenges regarding species status assessments in biogeographically complex regions: examples from overexploited reptiles of Indonesia
Authors: Shaney Kyle J. , Wostl Elijah , Hamidy Amir , Kurniawan Nia , Harvey Michael B. , Smith Eric N.
Published: July 2016

IUCN Red List assessments are important for conservation and management initiatives. However, status assessments are often challenging because of poor sampling between biogeographical regions. Researchers sometimes assess poorly known species, which can have unforeseen ramifications, including the trade of rare and cryptic species under common species names. Here, we address this issue in relation to economically important reptile species in Indonesia. We reviewed examples of single species categorized as Least Concern for which the assessments probably encompassed multiple closely related species. We also examined Red List assessments that utilized species distribution modelling techniques, and identified biogeography as a major barrier to using such methods. To test how biogeography may affect status assessments we used our own model lizard system from Indonesia, taking an integrative phylogeographical approach to quantify status assessments under contrasting scenarios. We show that failure to account for biogeographical breaks leads to significant variation in Red List status. Our model system fluctuates from Least Concern to Endangered, depending upon whether biogeographical boundaries are considered in taxonomic evaluations. We identify Sauria (lizards) and Serpentes (snakes) as major lineages requiring taxonomic and conservation attention in Indonesia. We also make the following recommendations: (1) Indonesia's trade quotas should further subdivide management zones to account for gaps in taxonomic evaluations; (2) genetic sampling should be considered a high priority during wildlife exportation processes from poorly studied geographical areas; and (3) continuation of thorough biological inventory is critical for conservation initiatives across heterogeneous mountain and island landscapes.
Trends in Aircraft Propulsion
Authors: Pearson H.
Published: July 2016

The 1,186th Lecture to be given before the Society—and the 40th Main Lecture to be held at a Branch centre—“ Trends in Aircraft Propulsion” by H. Pearson, B.A., F.R.Ae.S., Chief Engineer (Performance & Research), Rolls-Royce Ltd., was given under the auspices of the Southampton Branch on 19th January 1961. Professor A. R. Collar, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.Ae.S., F.I.A.S., Vice-President of the Society, presided. A message specially recorded on tape by the President, Dr. E. S. Moult, C.B.E., B.Sc.(Eng.), F.R.Ae.S., M.I.Mech.E., was broadcast. The President said how much he regretted missing Mr. Pearson's lecture and the meeting at the Southampton Branch. He had looked forward to the occasion but he and Dr. Ballantyne, Secretary of the Society, were attending an international congress in Detroit. He was grateful to Professor Collar for deputising for him and sent his best wishes to the Southampton Branch and to everyone present on the occasion.

Professor Collar, introducing the Lecturer, said that Mr. Pearson graduated in Physics from Christ Church. Oxford, and since 1940 he had been with Rolls-Royce, working first at Hucknall on problems connected with exhaust systems. In 1943 he had joined the Rolls- Royce team at Barnoldswick under Dr. S. G. Hooker, now of Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd. Mr. Pearson had returned to Derby in 1946 as Chief Performance Engineer on turbine engines and three years later was appointed Chief Research Engineer. He was now a Director of the Aero Division of Rolls-Royce, and Chief Engineer (Performance and Research).
F.A.A. Experience Gained in the Use of Digital Computation
Authors: Anast J. L.
Published: July 2016

The application of automatic data processing techniques to air traffic control has been espoused by both operational and research and development groups dealing in air traffic control throughout the world. As far back as 1947, in the U.S.A., the Special Study Group, SC-31 of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics suggested that a high degree of automation be applied—including rigid control of all flights and their times of arrival.
Lift Distribution and Lift-Induced Drag Ratio of a Finite Wing in an Infinite Cascade
Authors: Lakshminarayana B.
Published: July 2016

In a recent note a method was developed for calculating the reduction in average lift of a cascade aerofoil due to trailing vortices, neglecting the interference due to blockage and stream curvature. Using the numerical values (for a rectangular aerofoil in an unstaggered cascade of finite wings) of the coefficients in the series for the circulation distribution obtained from the Liverpool University DEUCE programme referred to in the previous note, the effect of interference on the spanwise lift distribution has been studied. The analysis has been extended to predict the lift-induced drag ratio of a finite wing in a cascade.
Adult CHD: the ongoing need for physician counselling about heredity and contraceptive options
Authors: Londono-Obregon Camila , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Davey Brooke T. , Zhang Xuemei , Slap Gail B. , Kim Yuli Y.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Current guidelines recommend that patients with CHD receive age-appropriate counselling on reproduction, pregnancy, and risk of heredity. Our aim was to examine patient knowledge of reproductive health and explore the association between patient knowledge of CHD transmission risk and earlier physician counselling in adults with CHD.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional survey of patients with CHD aged 18 years and older in a paediatric hospital.

Results

Of the 100 patients who completed the questionnaire, most did not report counselling on heredity (66%) or contraception (71%). Of the 54 women, 25 (46%) identified their contraceptive options correctly; 42 (78%) women were classified as being at significantly increased risk for an adverse outcome during pregnancy, and of these 20 (48%) identified this risk correctly. Of all patients surveyed, 72% did not know that having CHD placed them at increased risk for having a child with CHD. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with correct knowledge about risk of recurrence were correct identification of CHD diagnosis (p=0.04) and patient-reported counselling (p=0.001).

Conclusions

Knowledge about heredity, pregnancy risk, and contraceptive options is inadequate among adults with CHD followed-up in a paediatric subspecialty clinic. The majority of patients did not report a history of counselling about reproductive health. There is a strong correlation between history of counselling by the patient’s cardiologist and correct knowledge about recurrence risk, suggesting that effective reproductive counselling can positively impact this knowledge gap.
Nuclear arsenals: Current developments, trends and capabilities
Authors: Kristensen Hans M. , McKinzie Matthew G.
Published: July 2016

In this article, the highly destructive potential of global nuclear arsenals is reviewed with respect to nuclear force structures, evolution of nuclear capabilities, modernization programmes and nuclear war planning and operations. Specific nuclear forces data is presented for the United States, the Russian Federation, Great Britain, France, China, Pakistan, India, Israel and North Korea. Hypothetical, escalatory scenarios for the use of nuclear weapons are presented, including the calculated distribution of radioactive fallout. At more than seventy years since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and twenty-five years since the end of the Cold War, international progress on nuclear arms control and disarmament has now nearly stalled, with the emphasis shifting to modernizing and maintaining large inventories of nuclear weapons indefinitely. This perpetuates a grave risk to human health, civil society and the environment.
Human fetal growth restriction: a cardiovascular journey through to adolescence
Authors: Sehgal A. , Skilton M. R. , Crispi F.
Published: July 2016

Intrauterine growth restriction has been noted to adversely impact morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period as well as cardiovascular well-being in adolescence and adulthood. Recent data based on a wide range of ultrasound parameters during fetal and neonatal life has noted early and persistent involvement of the cardiovascular system. Some of these measures are predictive of long-term morbidities. Assessment of vascular mechanics is a new and novel concept in this population, and opens up avenues for diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of the likely effectiveness of interventions. Prevention of these adverse vascular and cardiac outcomes secondary to fetal growth restriction may be feasible and of clinical relevance. This review focuses on growth restriction in humans with respect to cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction during fetal life, persistence of functional cardiac impairment during early childhood and adolescence, and possible preventive strategies.
Memorandum Internetbezogene Störungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie (DG-Sucht)
Authors: Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Arnaud Nicolas , Batra Anil , Bischof Anja , Bischof Gallus , Brand Matthias , Gohlke Andreas , Kaess Michael , Kiefer Falk , Leménager Tagrid , Mann Karl , Mößle Thomas , Müller Astrid , Müller Kai , Rehbein Florian , Thomasius Rainer , Wartberg Lutz , Wildt Bert te , Wölfling Klaus , Wurst Friedrich Martin
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Internetbezogene Störungen stellen noch ein recht junges Phänomen dar. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit auf diese neuen Störungsbilder zu reagieren und Ziele für Behandlung und Versorgung sowie Forschung und Politik zu setzen. Das vorliegende Memorandum fasst den Stand der Erkenntnisse zusammen und formuliert entsprechende Ziele. Methode: In einem iterativen Prozess wurde innerhalb einer Gruppe von 21 Experten ein Konsens erarbeitet. Der finale Text wurde dann noch einmal vom Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie (DG-Sucht) konsentiert. Ergebnisse: Die Expertengruppe einigt sich auf den Begriff „Internetbezogene Störungen“ und fasst darunter eine ausgeprägte Form, die derzeit am besten bei den Suchterkrankungen verortet werden kann, sowie auch fortgesetzte schädliche oder missbräuchliche Nutzung sowie riskante Nutzungsweisen im Sinne der Vorform einer ausgeprägten Problematik. Es werden Schätzwerte für die Prävalenz sowie Risikofaktoren auf Basis des jetzigen Erkenntnisstands zusammengefasst. Hinsichtlich der Prävention und Behandlung wird resümiert, dass wenig Evidenz zur Verfügung steht. Die Experten leiten dezidierte Ziele und Forderungen für Behandlung, Forschung und politisches Handeln ab. Schlussfolgerung: Das Memorandum weist den jetzigen Kenntnisstand auf, zeigt jedoch auch die vielen eklatanten Lücken. Neben Verbesserungen durch eine vereinheitlichte Diagnostik ist die Entwicklung und insbesondere auch der Wirksamkeitsnachweis für Interventionen in Prävention und Behandlung vordringlich. Ziele der Versorgung sind an zentrale Forschungsfragen gebunden und müssen durch politisches Handeln befördert werden.
Novel mutations in the COL2A1 gene in Japanese patients with Stickler syndrome
Authors: Kondo Hiroyuki , Matsushita Itsuka , Nagata Tatsuo , Hayashi Takaaki , Kakinoki Masashi , Uchio Eiichi , Kondo Mineo , Ohji Masahito , Kusaka Shunji
Published: July 2016

Stickler syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder that affects the eyes, cartilage and articular tissues. The phenotypes of Stickler syndrome include congenital high myopia, retinal detachment, premature joint degeneration, hearing impairment and craniofacial anomalies, such as cleft palate and midline facial hypoplasia. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, and the majority of the cases are caused by mutations in the COL2A1 gene. We examined 40 Japanese patients with Stickler syndrome from 23 families to determine whether they had mutations in the COL2A1 gene. This analysis was conducted by examining each patient’s genomic DNA by Sanger sequencing. Five nonsense, 4 splicing and 8 deletion mutations in the COL2A1 gene were identified, accounting for 21 of the 23 families. Different mutations of the COL2A1 gene were associated with similar phenotypes but with different degrees of expressivity.
aMAP is a validated pipeline for registration and segmentation of high-resolution mouse brain data
Authors: Niedworok Christian J. , Brown Alexander P. Y. , Jorge Cardoso M. , Osten Pavel , Ourselin Sebastien , Modat Marc , Margrie Troy W.
Published: July 2016

The validation of automated image registration and segmentation is crucial for accurate and reliable mapping of brain connectivity and function in three-dimensional (3D) data sets. While validation standards are necessarily high and routinely met in the clinical arena, they have to date been lacking for high-resolution microscopy data sets obtained from the rodent brain. Here we present a tool for optimized automated mouse atlas propagation (aMAP) based on clinical registration software (NiftyReg) for anatomical segmentation of high-resolution 3D fluorescence images of the adult mouse brain. We empirically evaluate aMAP as a method for registration and subsequent segmentation by validating it against the performance of expert human raters. This study therefore establishes a benchmark standard for mapping the molecular function and cellular connectivity of the rodent brain.