bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Antiepileptic Drug Use and Outcome in the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study
Authors: Sheth Kevin N. , Martini Sharyl R. , Moomaw Charles J. , Koch Sebastian , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sung Gene , Kittner Steven J. , Frankel Michael , Rosand Jonathan , Langefeld Carl D. , Comeau Mary E. , Waddy Salina P. , Osborne Jennifer , Woo Daniel ,   for the ERICH Investigators
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—

The role of antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. This analysis describes prevalence of prophylactic AED use, as directed by treating clinicians, in a prospective ICH cohort and tests the hypothesis that it is associated with poor outcome.

Methods—

Analysis included 744 patients with ICH enrolled in the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study before November 2012. Baseline clinical characteristics and AED use were recorded in standardized fashion. ICH location and volume were recorded from baseline neuroimaging. We analyzed differences in patient characteristics by AED prophylaxis, and we used logistic regression to test whether AED prophylaxis was associated with poor outcome. The primary outcome was 3-month modified Rankin Scale score, with 4 to 6 considered poor outcome.

Results—

AEDs were used for prophylaxis in 289 (39%) of the 744 subjects; of these, levetiracetam was used in 89%. Patients with lobar ICH, craniotomy, or larger hematomas were more likely to receive prophlyaxis. Although prophylactic AED use was associated with poor outcome in an unadjusted model (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.88;
P
=0.03), this association was no longer significant after adjusting for clinical and demographic characteristics (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.65;
P
=0.62).

Conclusions—

We found no evidence that AED use (predominantly levetiracetam) is independently associated with poor outcome. A prospective study is required to assess for a more modest effect of AED use on outcome after ICH.
Rates and Determinants of 5-Year Outcomes After Atrial Fibrillation–Related Stroke
Authors: Hayden Derek T. , Hannon Niamh , Callaly Elizabeth , Ní Chróinín Danielle , Horgan Gillian , Kyne Lorraine , Duggan Joseph , Dolan Eamon , O’Rourke Killian , Williams David , Murphy Sean , Kelly Peter J.
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—

Demographic trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence may yield a substantial rise in the societal burden of AF-related stroke (AF-stroke). Accurate population-wide outcome data are essential to inform health service planning to improve AF-stroke prevention, and provision of rehabilitation, nursing home, and community supports for AF-stroke survivors.

Methods—

We investigated rates and determinants of 5-year fatality, stroke recurrence, functional outcomes, and prescribing of secondary prevention medications in AF-stroke in the North Dublin Population Stroke Study. Ascertainment included hot and cold pursuit using multiple overlapping sources. Survival analysis was performed using lifetables and Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to identify predictors of death and recurrent stroke.

Results—

Five hundred sixty-eight patients with new stroke were identified, including 177 (31.2%) AF-stroke. At 5 years, 39.2% (confidence interval, 31.5–46.8) of ischemic AF-stroke patients were alive. Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age <65, 65–74 years, and ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease and female sex (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc) score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34;
P
<0.001), CHADS
2
score (HR 1.42,
P
=0.004), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (HR, 1.09;
P
<0.0001), and subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (<2.0) at stroke onset (HR, 3.29;
P
=0.003) were independently associated with 5-year fatality, whereas warfarin (HR, 0.40;
P
=0.001) and statin use after index stroke (HR, 0.52;
P
=0.005) were associated with improved survival. The 5-year recurrence rate after ischemic AF-stroke was 21.5% (confidence interval, 14.5–31.3). Trends toward greater risk of recurrence were observed for persistent AF (HR, 3.09;
P
=0.07) and CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (HR, 1.34;
P
=0.07). Nursing home care was needed for 25.9% of patients.

Conclusions—

AF-stroke is associated with considerable long-term morbidity, fatality, stroke recurrence, and nursing home requirement. Adequately resourced national AF strategies to improve AF detection and prevention are needed.
Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves: From Linear Theory to Global Models
Authors: Herman Michael J. , Fuchs Zeljka , Raymond David J. , Bechtold Peter
Published: October 2015

The authors analyze composite structures of tropical convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) in terms of the theory of Raymond and Fuchs using radiosonde data, 3D analysis and reanalysis model output, and annual integrations with the ECMWF model on the full planet and on an aquaplanet. Precipitation anomalies are estimated using the NOAA interpolated OLR and TRMM 3B42 datasets, as well as using model OLR and rainfall diagnostics. Derived variables from these datasets are used to examine assumptions of the theory. Large-scale characteristics of wave phenomena are robust in all datasets and models where Kelvin wave variance is large. Indices from the theory representing column moisture and convective inhibition are also robust. The results suggest that the CCKW is highly dependent on convective inhibition, while column moisture does not play an important role.
Predicting stiffness and strength of birch pulp – Polylactic acid composites
Authors: Sippola Merja , Immonen Kirsi , Miettinen Arttu , Laukkanen Anssi , Andersson Tom , Peltola Heidi , Harlin Ali , Holmberg Kenneth
Published: October 2015

This paper studies failure of birch pulp–polylactic acid composites. Stiffness and strength are calculated using the theory of short fibre composites and the results are compared to experimental data. The results differed from the experimental values by 0–6%. With less aligned fibres the short fibre theory is not feasible. The performance of the 40 wt% birch pulp – polylactic acid composite is predicted with X-ray microtomography based finite element modelling, and the results are compared with experiments. Stiffness results differed from experiments by 1–17% . By adding into the models a third material phase representing the interface between the fibres and the matrix, the stress–strain curve of the composite was obtained with good accuracy. The work presents finite element modelling methodology of wood plastic composites and the critical further steps needed in order to assess the stress–strain behaviour, strength and stiffness. Tools for comparing different wood plastic composite microstructures are also presented.
Micro/macro approach for prediction of matrix cracking evolution in laminated composites
Authors: Ghayour Mohammadhossein , Hosseini-Toudeshky H , Jalalvand Meisam , Barbero Ever J
Published: October 2015

A computational constitutive model is presented to predict matrix cracking evolution in laminates under in-plane loading. Transverse cracks are treated as separate discontinuities in the micro-model that provides damage parameters for the macro-model. Both micro- and macro-models are implemented using finite element analysis, specifically, ANSYS, to avoid limitation of analytical micro-modeling. The computational cost of the micro-model is limited to constructing a database of micro-model predictions a priori. The macro-model is simply a finite element analysis discretization of the structure using plane stress or shell elements in ANSYS. The macro-model queries the database, which effectively becomes a constitutive model. The damage surfaces in the database are obtained from the results of large number of finite element micro-scale (unit-cell) analyses. The proposed procedure is implemented in ANSYS as a usermaterial subroutine for transverse crack initiation and propagation in symmetric cross-ply and [0r/(θ / −θ)s/0n]s laminates under in-plane loads. This method is also examined to study matrix crack evolution in tensile specimen with open hole, and the results found to be in good agreement with available experimental data.
Effect of microstructure and residual stresses on nano-tribological and tensile properties of Al2O3- and SiC-reinforced 6061-Al metal matrix composites
Authors: Chatterjee Subhranshu , Ghosh Sur Sudipta , Bandyopadhyay S , Basumallick Amitava
Published: October 2015

In this investigation, wear and tensile properties of 6061-Al/Al2O3 and 6061-Al/SiC metal matrix composites were studied with respect to their microstructural features and residual stresses. Variation in the residual stress values in the composites differed from each other due to their particulate size and thermal expansion coefficient. Tribological behavior of the composites studied with the aid of nanoscratch tester showed higher amount of debris in 6061-Al/SiC composite than that in 6061-Al/Al2O3 composite due to the presence of higher residual stresses and shorter interparticle distance in the former. Variation of wear volume, coefficient of friction and wear rate at different load were analyzed and correlated with the variation of microstructure along the scratch tracks. It is seen that wear resistance of 6061-Al/Al2O3 is better than that of 6061-Al/SiC composite, where as tensile property revealed that ultimate tensile stress and yield stress is higher in case of 6061-Al/SiC composite compared to 6061-Al/Al2O3. Fractographic studies shows bimodal fracture failure where cleavage type brittle fracture failure is dominant in 6061-Al/Al2O3 whilst ductile failure is dominant in 6061-Al/SiC composite.
Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety disorder in a sample of inmates in a Nigerian prison
Authors: Osasona Samuel O , Koleoso Olaide N
Published: October 2015

Background to the study

Prisoners tend to be marginalized and deprived of the rights and privileges that other citizens in the community enjoy. Their separation from families, adverse effects on health of prison environment, and the uncertainty about the future place a great psychological burden on them which can lead to the development of mental illness.

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (depression and anxiety) and the associated factors among a sample of the prison inmates.

Materials and method

The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design; it was conducted in a medium security prison in Benin City, Nigeria. Participants were interviewed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Two hundred and fifty-two prisoners who were selected by systematic sampling techniques participated in the study and the data were analyzed using the 16th version of the SPSS with the statistical level of significance set at p < 0.05. Data were presented in tables; frequencies and percentages were calculated. Chi-square and logistic regression statistical tests were performed to determine variables that have relationship with psychiatric morbidity.

Results

The mean age of the respondents was 33.6 years (SD ± 9.29), and the majority of the respondents (43.7%) were in the age range 21–30 years. The prevalence of general psychiatric morbidity (SRQ-20 caseness) was 80.6%, while 72.6% and 77.8% were found to be positive for depression and anxiety symptoms respectively on the HADS. Overall, 84.5% of the respondents had at least one type of psychiatric morbidity. Age, marital status, self-reported physical and mental health, previous mental illness, imprisonment status, prison accommodation, prison meal, and health care services were found to be significantly associated with depression, anxiety or general psychiatric morbidity. Self-reported poor current mental health was the only variable that predicted all the three types of psychiatric morbidity.

Conclusion

Prisoners in this study, and as in previous reports, had high prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity. Thus, prisoners have a need for regular psychiatric screening and treatment. The consequences of untreated psychiatric morbidity and the need for improved health care services and infrastructure in the prison were discussed.
African migrants in Japan: Social capital and economic integration
Authors: Agyeman Edmond Akwasi
Published: October 2015

This study examines the strategies that African migrants in Japan adopt to build networks and utilize the social capital derived from the networks to achieve socio-economic integration and mobility in Japanese society. It is based on a field study conducted within the Tokyo metropolitan area in 2012. The study shows that in spite of racial prejudice, the African migrants in Japan build and draw heavily on bridging and linking social networks to promote economic integration. They develop these cross-cultural networks and capital through intermarriage with Japanese women, friendship and business ties with African Americans, Japanese youth and Japan’s business community. For some migrants, their high educational background facilitated their economic integration in Japanese society.
The Natural History of Biointerference Screw Cyst and New Bone Formation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Thompson Simon M. , Fung Sebastian , Wood David G.
Published: October 2015

Background:

A variety of fixation devices are available for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Bioabsorbable screws allow imaging postoperatively without image artefact, as with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is also the perceived benefit of screw resorption and subsequent host tunnel bone ingrowth.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to document the natural history of poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) bioabsorbable interference screws. Manufacturers claimed that screws would be resorbed and replaced by new bone within 2 years. The hypothesis was that these screws take considerably longer to achieve this claim.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Ten consecutive patients undergoing routine ACLR with a PLLA bioabsorbable RCI screw (Arthrex) and a standard 4-strand hamstring graft technique were assessed via MRI and telephone questionnaire at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 16 years postoperatively.

Results:

At 4-year follow-up, no resorption of the screw or bone formation had occurred. At 7-year follow-up, absorption of 7 screws was complete, cyst formation had occurred in 3 patients, and 5 patients had new bone formation. At 10-year follow-up, all screws were reabsorbed, cyst formation was evident in only 2 cases, and 7 patients had evidence of new bone formation. At 16-year follow-up, cyst formation was only present in 1 patient, and all patients had evidence of new bone formation. All patients had an intact anterior cruciate ligament and had returned to preinjury sporting activity.

Conclusion:

PLLA bioabsorbable screws take longer to resorb than previously thought by the manufacturers (ie, 2 years). New bone formation is evident in 100% of patients by 16 years. Cyst formation does not occur in all patients with a bioabsorbable screw implant. In the 3 patients demonstrating the presence of a cyst, no associated adverse effects were found with regard to anterior cruciate ligament graft survival or instability.
The virtual reality of the invisible hand
Authors: Tieffenbach Emma
Published: October 2015

Self-centred based explanations such as invisible-hand accounts look like armchair constructions with no relevance to the real world. Whether and how they nonetheless provide an insight into social reality is a puzzling matter. Philip Pettit’s idea of self-interest virtually bearing on choices offers the prospect of a solution. In order to assess the latter we first distinguish between three variants of invisible-hand explanations, namely: a normative, an historical and a theoretical one. We then show that, while the model of virtual self-interest is a helpful gloss on each variant, it may not convincingly succeed, pace Pettit, in reconciling the economic mind with the common mind.
Cellulose powder treatment on Cissus quadrangularis stem fiber-reinforcement in unsaturated polyester matrix composites
Authors: Indran S , Raj R Edwin , Daniel BSS , Saravanakumar SS
Published: October 2015

Natural fibers from bio-renewable sources have the potential to be used as an alternate reinforcement for the perilous synthetic fibers. The hazards of prolong exposure to such fibers are quite serious, which demands scientific intervention. Natural fibers, like the one investigated – Cissus quadrangularis stem fiber (CQSF), have proven thermomechanical properties for polymer composite reinforcement. Enhancing fiber–matrix bonding through chemical treatments such as mercerization and deposition of cotton linters-based microcrystalline cellulose powder on fiber surface are comprehensively investigated. The mechanical properties of treated fiber composites reveal good bonding features through scanning electron microscopy analysis, which are further substantiated by the evaluation of mechanical property. In particular, 5 wt.% cellulose powder-treated CQSF/polyester composites showed distinguishable enrichment in mechanical and water absorption characteristics.
Investigation of the Factor Structure of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence–Second Edition (CTONI-2) Using Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: McGill Ryan J.
Published: October 2015

The present study examined the structure of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence–Second Edition (CTONI-2) normative sample using exploratory factor analysis, multiple factor extraction criteria, and higher-order exploratory factor analytic techniques that were not reported in the in the CTONI-2 Examiner’s Manual. Results indicated that retention of the hypothesized CTONI-2 measurement model resulted in several theoretically inconsistent factor loadings, low factor loadings, and the retention of impermissible factors (e.g., factors with no salient loadings). Hierarchical exploratory analyses with the Schmid and Leiman procedure found that the second-order g factor accounted for large portions of total and common variance, in contrast to the two first-order factors that accounted for small portions of dimensional variance. Results suggest that the CTONI-2 provides a strong measure of general intelligence and clinical interpretation should be limited to that level of the measurement instrument.
A source contribution quantitative calculation method for mechanical systems based on the simplified independent component analysis with reference
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhousuo , Cheng Wei , Zhu Guanwen , He Zhengjia
Published: October 2015

The quantitative calculation of the source contribution is very important and critical for the identification of the main vibration sources and the reduction of vibration and noise in submarine. It is difficult to calculate the source contribution because of the submarine’s complex structure and the large amount of vibration sources. As a typical blind source separation method, independent component analysis (ICA) has recently been proved to be an effective method to solve the source identification problem in which the source signals and mixing models are unknown. However, the outcomes of the ICA algorithm are affected by random sampling and random initialization of variables. In our study, the prior knowledge of the vibration sources can be obtained through the vibration measurement of submarine. Obviously, information in addition to mixed signals from sensors can lead to a more accurate separation. Therefore the contrast function of ICA can be enhanced by the reference signals obtained by the prior knowledge. In this paper, a closeness measurement between the independent components and the reference signals obtained by the prior knowledge is introduced, and the closeness measurement is constructed to have the same optimization direction with the traditional contrast function: negentropy. The closeness measurement is used to enhance the contrast function and then the enhanced contrast function is optimized by means of the Newton iteration and the deflation approach. Thus the simplified independent component analysis with reference (ICA-R) algorithm is obtained. After that a method to quantitatively calculate the source contribution is proposed based on the outcomes of the simplified ICA-R. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical simulation studies. The performance offered by the proposed method is also investigated by the experiment: it appear as a very appealing tool for the quantitative calculation of the source contribution.
Optimal dynamic design of planar mechanisms using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm
Authors: Chaudhary Kailash , Chaudhary Himanshu
Published: October 2015

A two-stage optimization method for optimal dynamic design of planar mechanisms is presented in this paper. For dynamic balancing, minimization of the shaking force and the shaking moment is achieved by finding optimum mass distribution of mechanism links using the equimomental system of point-masses in the first stage of the optimization. In the second stage, their shapes are synthesized systematically by closed parametric curve, i.e. cubic B-spline curve corresponding to the optimum inertial parameters found in the first stage. The multi-objective optimization problem to minimize both the shaking force and the shaking moment is solved using evolutionary optimization algorithm – “Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm”. The computational performance of TLBO algorithm is compared with another evolutionary optimization algorithm, i.e. genetic algorithm.
Bridging Climate Communication Divides
Authors: Pearson Adam R. , Schuldt Jonathon P.
Published: October 2015

Social divides on climate change are often attributed to political factors, but new psychological research points to a wide range of group influences beyond politics that shape public opinion on climate change. We highlight two commonly overlooked sources of influence that represent key underutilized leverage points for public outreach: (1) the roles of racial, ethnic, and cultural identities and (2) the power of social perceptions (i.e., meta-beliefs) in mobilizing public action. This research points to an urgent need to broaden how scientists, policymakers, and the media think about public engagement and consensus building in the domain of climate change.
The Development of Stable Party Preferences
Authors: Boonen Joris
Published: October 2015

This article investigates to what extent party preferences learned during adolescence are stable over time. Using a recently administered two-wave panel survey among 15- and 16-year-old adolescents and their parents in Belgium (Parent–Child Socialization Study, 2012–13), we find that more than 50 per cent of the adolescents intends to vote for exactly the same party in both waves. The data suggest that the traditional explanations for this stability that apply for adult voters do not apply for younger adolescents. The strength of one’s party preference and the consistency between attitudes and a vote choice do play a role in explaining party preference stability in this age group, but the main explanation can be found in the correspondence with one’s parents. Adolescents who have the same party preference as their parents, are far more likely to have a stable preference than those who formed their initial preference independently.
Overeducation in the Early Career of Secondary Education Graduates
Authors: Verhaest Dieter , Schatteman Tom , Van Trier Walter
Published: October 2015

Based on monthly observations of their employment and overeducation status in the first seven years after leaving education, we use optimal matching sequence analysis to construct a typology of entry patterns of Flemish secondary education graduates. We find that for a significant number of young people, overeducation constitutes a persistent problem, affecting about half of the sample for nearly the full observation period. Investigating the risk factors shows factors, such as, having lower human capital endowments or facing job search constraints enhancing the risk of following disadvantageous trajectories. A lower reservation wage seems to make being persistently overeducated more likely. Yet, starting as ‘overeducated’ does not necessarily lead to being stuck as overeducated in the rest of the career. About 7 per cent of our sample succeeds in entering an adequate position even after being overeducated for a relatively long period.
Making it happen: How managerial actions enable project-based ambidexterity
Authors: Turner Neil , Swart Juani , Maylor Harvey , Antonacopoulou Elena
Published: October 2015

The literature on ambidexterity is dominated by theoretical development and does not fully explain how ambidexterity is enacted. There is limited focus on the managerial actions in day-to-day operations that enable this important phenomenon. We posit that projects offer an ideal context to investigate the actions that enable ambidexterity since they necessarily combine planning and control (exploitation) with some degree of novelty (exploration). Using extensive data from eight project-based case studies in the Information Technology services sector, we ask the research question, How is project-based ambidexterity enabled? Within this context, we identify two different types of project-based ambidexterity ( distributed and point ambidexterity) and five managerial actions ( buffering, gap-filling, integration, role-expansion and tone-setting) that enable ambidexterity. We investigate the underlying resource utilisation in terms of intellectual capital (namely, human, social and project capital) and show the complexity of their interplay in achieving ambidexterity. Finally, we develop a model that brings these concepts together and identify how the ‘integration’ function is central to, and interwoven with, the other actions.
Aspectual distinctions in Dutch-Ambon Malay bilingual heritage speakers
Authors: Moro Francesca R
Published: October 2015

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:

This paper investigates the effects of Dutch on the tense-aspect system of heritage Ambon Malay, a variety spoken by Dutch-Ambon Malay bilinguals in the Netherlands. The study asks whether the cross-linguistic contrasts between the two languages – Dutch obligatorily marks past/non-past and finiteness, whereas Ambon Malay lacks a grammaticalized expression of these distinctions – has an effect on the aspectual system of heritage Ambon Malay.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

The database for the study consists of video descriptions provided by 32 bilingual speakers (the experimental groups) and by three control groups: 27 homeland speakers of Ambon Malay, 5 first generation speakers of Ambon Malay in the Netherlands (late bilinguals), and 10 monolingual speakers of Dutch.

Data and Analysis:

The frequency and distribution of aspect markers is analysed statistically in the four groups.

Findings/Conclusions:

The analysis of the data reveals that, under the influence of Dutch, the Ambon Malay progressive marker ada has undergone a shift in temporal status and frequency and it is now interpreted as a marker of present tense, as well as of progressive aspect. The other two aspect markers, the iamitive/perfective su and verbal reduplication (iterative) are used significantly less by heritage speakers.

Originality:

This study shows that when a grammatical category is present and productive in the dominant language of a bilingual heritage speaker, but not in the heritage language, there is a great likelihood that it will undergo contact-induced grammaticalization, even in a relatively short time contact situation. The study also shows that input-related factors, such as transparency and phonological salience, contribute to the (in)stability of aspectual forms in the heritage language.

Significance/Implications:

This finding has implication for the incomplete acquisition perspective on heritage languages, which sees these languages as grammatically simplified systems (see, e.g., Montrul, 2009; Polinsky, 2008), because it shows that heritage languages can also gain grammatical distinctions previously absent in the (homeland) language.
Foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with epilepsy
Authors: Pop Raoul , Manisor Monica , Aloraini Ziad , Chibarro Salvatore , Proust Francois , Quenardelle Véronique , Wolff Valérie , Beaujeux Rémy
Published: October 2015

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) with perimedullary drainage represent a rare subtype of intracranial dAVF. Patients usually experience slowly progressive ascending myelopathy and/or lower brainstem signs. We present a case of foramen magnum dural arteriovenous fistula with an atypical clinical presentation. The patient initially presented with a generalised tonic-clonic seizure and no signs of myelopathy, followed one month later by rapidly progressive tetraplegia and respiratory insufficiency. The venous drainage of the fistula was directed both to the left temporal lobe and to the perimedullary veins (type III + V), causing venous congestion and oedema in these areas and explaining this unusual combination of symptoms. Rotational angiography and overlays with magnetic resonance imaging volumes were helpful in delineating the complex anatomy of the fistula. After endovascular embolisation, there was complete remission of venous congestion on imaging and significant clinical improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a craniocervical junction fistula presenting with epilepsy.
Computer Users Do Gender
Authors: Leach Lori , Turner Steven
Published: October 2015

The so-called “digital gender divide” has encouraged studies attempting to demonstrate the co-production of gender and information technology. Vivian Lagesen has criticized many of these attempts for failing to provide fully symmetrical accounts. Here we describe and analyze beliefs and practices concerning computers, gender, and technology evinced by managers in a network of public sites (Community Access Centers) created to provide community access to digital technology in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. From those results, we argue, among other conclusions, that distinguishing more carefully between the gendered uses of new technologies and the gendered forms of attraction associated with them produces a more fully realized and more perfectly symmetric understanding of how gender and communications technologies are co-produced. We show that the concepts of actor-network theory facilitate that analysis, and so interpret the study as supporting and extending Lagesen’s program.
A phase 2 study of idelalisib plus rituximab in treatment-naïve older patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: O'Brien Susan M. , Lamanna Nicole , Kipps Thomas J. , Flinn Ian , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Burger Jan A. , Keating Michael , Mitra Siddhartha , Holes Leanne , Yu Albert S. , Johnson David M. , Miller Langdon L. , Kim Yeonhee , Dansey Roger D. , Dubowy Ronald L. , Coutre Steven E.
Published: October 2015

Key Points

In 64 older patients with untreated CLL or small lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with idelalisib plus rituximab was generally well tolerated. The combination produced a very high response rate (97%), including 19% complete remission.
Permanent draft genome sequence of Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1
Authors: Ullrich Sophie R. , Poehlein Anja , Voget Sonja , Hoppert Michael , Daniel Rolf , Leimbach Andreas , Tischler Judith S. , Schlömann Michael , Mühling Martin
Published: October 2015

The tenacious association between strains of the heterotrophic alphaproteobacterial genus Acidiphilium and chemolithotrophic iron oxidizing bacteria has long been known. In this context the genome of the heterotroph Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1, an isolate from an iron oxidizing mixed culture derived from a pilot plant for bioremediation of acid mine drainage, was determined with the aim to reveal metabolic properties that are fundamental for the syntrophic interaction between Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 and the co-occurring chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidizer. The genome sequence consists of 4.18 Mbp on 297 contigs and harbors 4015 protein-coding genes and 50 RNA genes. Additionally, the molecular and functional organization of the Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 draft genome was compared to those of the close relatives Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5, Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 and Acidiphilium sp. PM DSM 24941. The comparative genome analysis underlines the close relationship between these strains and the highly similar metabolic potential supports the idea that other Acidiphilium strains play a similar role in various acid mine drainage communities. Nevertheless, in contrast to other closely related strains Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 may be able to take up phosphonates as an additional source of phosphor.
Nonperturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves
Authors: Haney Matthew M. , Tsai Victor C.
Published: October 2015

We extend the approach underlying the well-known Dix equation in reflection seismology to surface waves. Within the context of surface wave inversion, the Dix-type relation we derive for surface waves allows accurate depth profiles of shear-wave velocity to be constructed directly from phase velocity data, in contrast to perturbational methods. The depth profiles can subsequently be used as an initial model for nonlinear inversion. We provide examples of the Dix-type relation for under-parameterized and over-parameterized cases. In the under-parameterized case, we use the theory to estimate crustal thickness, crustal shear-wave velocity, and mantle shear-wave velocity across the Western U.S. from phase velocity maps measured at 8-, 20-, and 40-s periods. By adopting a thin-layer formalism and an over-parameterized model, we show how a regularized inversion based on the Dix-type relation yields smooth depth profiles of shear-wave velocity. In the process, we quantitatively demonstrate the depth sensitivity of surface-wave phase velocity as a function of frequency and the accuracy of the Dix-type relation. We apply the over-parameterized approach to a near-surface data set within the frequency band from 5 to 40 Hz and find overall agreement between the inverted model and the result of full nonlinear inversion.
The action of mimetic peptides on connexins protects fibroblasts from the negative effects of ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Glass Beverley J. , Hu Rebecca G. , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Becker David L.
Published: October 2015

Connexins have been proposed as a target for therapeutic treatment of a variety of conditions. The main approaches have been by antisense or small peptides specific against connexins. Some of these peptides enhance communication while others interfere with connexin binding partners or bind to the intracellular and extracellular loops of connexins. Here, we explored the mechanism of action of a connexin mimetic peptide by evaluating its effect on gap junction channels, connexin protein levels and hemichannel activity in fibroblast cells under normal conditions and following ischemia reperfusion injury which elevates Cx43 levels, increases hemichannel activity and causes cell death. Our results showed that the effects of the mimetic peptide were concentration-dependent. High concentrations (100-300 μM) significantly reduced Cx43 protein levels and GJIC within 2 h, while these effects did not appear until 6 h when using lower concentrations (10-30 μM). Cell death can be reduced when hemichannel opening and GJIC were minimised.
There are four dynamically and functionally distinct populations of E-cadherin in cell junctions
Authors: Erami Zahra , Timpson Paul , Yao Wu , Zaidel-Bar Ronen , Anderson Kurt I.
Published: October 2015

E-cadherin is a trans-membrane tumor suppressor responsible for epithelial cell adhesion. E-cadherin forms adhesive clusters through combined extra-cellular cis- and trans-interactions and intracellular interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. Here we identify four populations of E-cadherin within cell junctions based on the molecular interactions which determine their mobility and adhesive properties. Adhesive and non-adhesive populations of E-cadherin each consist of mobile and immobile fractions. Up to half of the E-cadherin immobilized in cell junctions is non-adhesive. Incorporation of E-cadherin into functional adhesions require all three adhesive interactions, with deletion of any one resulting in loss of effective cell-cell adhesion. Interestingly, the only interaction which could independently slow the diffusion of E-cadherin was the tail-mediated intra-cellular interaction. The adhesive and non-adhesive mobile fractions of E-cadherin can be distinguished by their sensitivity to chemical cross-linking with adhesive clusters. Our data define the size, mobility, and adhesive properties of four distinct populations of E-cadherin within cell junctions, and support association with the actin cytoskeleton as the first step in adhesion formation.
Investing with Brain or Heart? A Field Experiment on Responsible Investment
Authors: Døskeland Trond , Pedersen Lars Jacob Tynes
Published: October 2015

Socially responsible investment is increasingly prevalent in financial markets and is characterized by the integration of financial and nonfinancial objectives. This paper investigates the influence of wealth concerns and moral concerns on individual investors’ decisions to invest responsibly. We conduct a unique natural field experiment of investors in an online banking context, wherein we frame responsible investment with regard to either wealth or morality and study investors’ subsequent behavior. We find that wealth framing is more effective than moral framing for both information search and investment behavior. Our study contributes to the literature by providing real-life insight into how prosocial decision making in financial markets can be promoted.

This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Birth preparedness among women in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Gitonga Eliphas , Keraka Margaret , Mwaniki Peter
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim:

In 2005, the sub-county health management team identified a need for information to reduce the lack of skilled attendance at birth. This study assesses the determinants of birth preparedness among women who had given birth in the last 2 years in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya.

Methods:

Stratified sampling was used to select 345 pregnant women for interview. Systematic sampling was used so that every 14th client attending a maternal/child health clinic in the sampled facilities was interviewed. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyse the data.

Results:

Approximately 20% of the interviewed sample were prepared for birth on all six recommended aspects of birth preparedness. The most planned for aspect of birth was hospital birth expenses (74%), followed by place of birth (69%). The least prepared for aspect was transport to a health facility (35%).

Conclusions:

Higher level of education, higher income, salaried occupation and at least four antenatal care visits all increased the likelihood of being more prepared for birth. A history of stillbirth reduced the likelihood of birth preparedness. It is recommended that the Kenya Ministry of Health improve levels of birth preparedness through the provision of antenatal care.
Time taken and time told: Serial drawing as the becoming of now
Authors: Graham Joe
Published: October 2015

This article presents a brief report of a first-person investigation through drawing, discussing how serially developed drawing can be understood to express the becoming of now – the present moment in time. By employing a phenomenological approach, the notion that drawing expresses the becoming of now is treated as an assumption, meaning a hypothesis to be tested through practice and theory combined. This occurs as part of my developing research practice, where I look to ‘perform philosophy in a non-philosophical way’ (Emoe 2014). Rather than treat art as an object for philosophy, I use philosophy to question a thought that I, as a practitioner, believe is immanent to drawing as form of art – that drawing itself is a form of becoming, based on the intentionality underpinning the temporal experience of drawing.

I employ a largely Husserlian ([1931] 2012) approach to my research, using the methods of variational practice and ‘bracketing’ to actively suspend my assumptions for the duration of each test. Deploying it here means I stand back from my uncritical ‘lived experience’ of time to establish how phenomenological theory renders the now an aporia, or puzzle, difficult to express in conventional terms. I then use this theory to develop an alternative mode of expression through drawing, developing the now as a rhythm with a fixed temporal duration, which then ‘becomes’ a spatial extension through drawing serially developed lines. In my analysis I seek the invariant understanding – meaning I ask the series what it expresses beyond the individual variation each drawing presents. I emerge from this process better able to articulate how drawing operates, but also with some reservations, leading towards some suggestions for potential development of the research.
The influence of theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurship education towards entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Prabandari Sri Palupi , Sholihah Puput Ichwatus
Published: October 2015

This present study tries to raise the issue regarding the factors that influence the entrepreneurial spirit of the students of Graduate School. Regarding the finding on the indirect effect of Theory of Planned Behavior on the entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship education, it can be explained that the indirect influence on two variables is as follows: attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control indicates that by stimulating students motivation to join entrepreneurship education as outlined previously, students are expected to have entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, entrepreneurship education should be able to prepare students to become entrepreneurs, provide support facilities to start a business, and lecturers must be able to guide the students to become entrepreneurs.
Merton model as predictor of failure probability of public banks in Indonesia
Authors: Pribadi Firman , Susanto Susanto
Published: October 2015

This research attempts to use Black-Schole-Merton (BSM) model based on market approach to predict default probability of publishing bank in Indonesia. This is done by using stock prices and financial report. In this effort, this study estimates the neutral risk and default probability for the publish bank. The result showed that option model can predict default status more with accurate event long before default information was published for public. It can be studied from the case of Bank Century that has been imposed as a failure bank, in which it is known as bailout bank by the Indonesian government. The model does not only provide the ordinal ranking for the bank sample but also the good early warning prediction for the public. The probability estimation based on the option model can be an innovative model to measure and manage credit risk on the future for predicting probability default in Indonesia.
Warm Glow or Extra Charge? The Ambivalent Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Customers’ Perceived Price Fairness
Authors: Habel Johannes , Schons Laura Marie , Alavi Sascha , Wieseke Jan
Published: October 2015

Prior research has firmly established that consumers draw benefits from a firm's engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially the feeling of a “warm glow.” These benefits positively affect several desirable outcomes, such as willingness to pay and customer loyalty. The authors propose that consumers do not blindly perceive benefits from a firm's CSR engagement but tend to suspect that a firm's prices include a markup to finance the CSR engagement. Taking customers’ benefit perceptions and price markup inferences into account, the authors suggest that CSR engagement has mixed effects on consumers’ evaluation of price fairness and, thus, on subsequent outcomes such as customer loyalty. The authors conduct one qualitative study and four quantitative studies leveraging longitudinal field and experimental data from more than 4,000 customers and show that customers indeed infer CSR price markups, entailing mixed effects of firms’ CSR engagement on price fairness. The authors find that perception critically depends on customers’ CSR attributions, and they explore the underlying psychological mechanisms. They propose communication strategies to optimize the effect of CSR engagement on perceived price fairness.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Wealth: The Role of Marketing Capability
Authors: Mishra Saurabh , Modi Sachin B.
Published: October 2015

Despite the positive societal implications of corporate social responsibility (CSR), there remains an extensive debate regarding its consequences for firm shareholders. This study posits that marketing capability plays a complementary role in the CSR–shareholder wealth relationship. It further argues that the influence of marketing capability will be higher for CSR types with verifiable benefits to firm stakeholders (i.e., consumers, employees, channel partners, and regulators). An analysis utilizing secondary information for a large sample of 1,725 firms for the years 2000–2009 indicates that the effects of overall CSR efforts on stock returns and idiosyncratic risk are not significant on their own but only become so in the presence of marketing capability. Furthermore, the results reveal that although marketing capability has positive interaction effects with verifiable CSR efforts—environment (e.g., using clean energy), products (e.g., providing to economically disadvantaged), diversity (e.g., pursuing diversity in top management), corporate governance (e.g., limiting board compensation), and employees (e.g., supporting unions)—on stock returns (and negative interaction effects with these CSR efforts on idiosyncratic risk), it has no significant interaction effect with community-based efforts (e.g., charitable giving).
Changes in the Material Properties of Steel 1.4762 Depending on the Temperature
Authors: Brnic Josip , Turkalj Goran , Krscanski Sanjin , Niu Jitai , Li Qiang
Published: October 2015

This paper presents the experimental results and analysis of the behaviour of steel 1.4762 at different temperatures. Tensile mechanical properties and creep behaviour were determined using uniaxial tests. Charpy impact test was used to determine impact energies at different temperatures. The mentioned mechanical properties are displayed as engineering stress–strain diagrams while material resistance to creep is presented in the form of creep curves. Based on Charpy impact energy an assessment of fracture toughness is given. Experimental results show that the values of mechanical properties are continuously decreased by increasing the temperature. After the temperature of 623 K (tensile strength: 468 MPa; yield strength: 298 MPa) the decrease of the ultimate strength and yield strength is especially emphasized and the difference between them becomes smaller. The creep resistance is considered quite small, except at low stress levels.
Ajāʾib ve gharāʾib: Ottoman Collections of Mirabilia and Perceptions of the Supernatural
Authors: Sariyannis Marinos
Published: October 2015

There is no word for the ‘supernatural’ in classical Ottoman, and one could argue that even the very notion is absent, as the notion of ‘nature’ is very near to that of ‘God’, and (as the latter is omnipotent) there is no extraordinary event that cannot be potentially true. The Ottomans would rather speak of the ‘marvelous’ or the ‘extraordinary’, which as mental categories played a major role in the medieval imagination both in East and West. As defined by al-Qazwīnī (1203–1283), author of a very well-known collection of