bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La dénonciation de la convention de Washington établissant le CIRDI
Authors: Cazala Julien
Published: January 2017

In recent years three Latin American states have withdrawn from the Washington Convention establishing the ICSID. These decisions have highlighted the difficulties in withdrawing from the ICSID Convention, especially with respect to its effects on consent to arbitration expressed in bilateral investment treaties (BITs). This article seeks to present the question of the legal effects of denunciation by taking account of the regime established by the Washington Convention and also of the general international law of treaties. The fact that the provisions of the Washington Convention lead to uncertain results makes it possible to identify contradictory positions none of which is entirely dominant.
Nouvelle étape de la réforme de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : vers une redistribution des rôles de la Cour et des États
Authors: Crepet-Daigremont Claire
Published: January 2017

Un nouveau train de réformes a été décidé à Brighton à l’occasion de la 3e conférence de haut niveau sur l’avenir de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, réunie en avril 2012. S’inscrivant dans le cadre du processus d’Interlaken lancé en 2010 et dans la continuité du protocole 14, les participants ont réitéré leur attachement au droit de recours individuel qu’ils entendent préserver malgré l’arriéré considérable de requêtes pendantes devant la Cour. Guidés par le constat d’une responsabilité partagée de la Cour et des États dans l’accomplissement de cette tâche, les acteurs de la réforme ont défini deux grandes orientations : l’amélioration de la mise en oeuvre de la convention au niveau national et le renforcement des rôles respectifs de la Cour et des États. Dans cette optique, deux décisions ont notamment été prises : l’inscription du principe de subsidiarité dans le préambule de la convention et l’élargissement de la compétence consultative de la Cour.
En amont des poursuites : à propos du régime juridique des opérations de police menées dans le cadre de la lutte contre la violence maritime somalienne
Authors: Prezas Ioannis
Published: January 2017

The policing operations against acts of maritime violence which have been conducted since 2008 by several actors off the coast of Somalia raise a number of interesting questions. Examination of the introduction of these operations, oscillating between Chapter VII and Somali consent, and of their exact incidence on international law of the sea shows that the legal regime surrounding them is far from unequivocal. The unsettled rules and regulations about these operations, mainly with respect to international law of the sea and human rights, explain that it is ultimately in the area of international responsibility that the very many uncertainties in this field will have to be dissipated, in particular by virtue of possible involvement of the European Court of Human Rights.
Une nouvelle vision du rapport entre le Louvre et l’enceinte de Philippe Auguste à Paris
Authors: Hayot Denis
Published: January 2017

A new insight on the relation between Philippe Auguste’s Louvre and the fortified wall he had built around Paris.

The two great Parisian constructions undertaken by Philippe Auguste at the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the wall around the city and the fortress of the Louvre, are linked by a special strategic dimension that has not been fully grasped up to now because of a misunderstanding of the relation existing between the two. The interpretation given in all the foregoing historiography states, without any material proof, that the city walls continued along the eastern moat of the fortress. Fifteenth-and sixteenth-century images show, however, that the wall simply stopped at the fortress. Although surprising in appearance, this configuration is nonetheless the only one that allows the Louvre to assume its strategic role correctly : that of a fortress fully independent from the city, able to play the role of a veritable hypertrophied portal thanks to its two entries that open onto the city and the countryside, and thus assuring the king’s control of Paris.
Les migrations internes en Ethiopie : État de la question et perspectives
Authors: Piguet François
Published: January 2017

The present paper provides a literature review and a typology of the internal migrations in Ethiopia, characterised by complementarities and competitions between highlands and lowlands — with an increasing land shortage, the highlanders have tended to migrate along the escarpment into lower areas — and a moderate growth of the urban centers. The study takes into account topics like resettlement programmes and various urban sociological themes, eg education. Monographies on migration issued mainly by the AAU are closely linked with various multidisciplinary field works giving a comprehensive approach about regional migrations in Ethiopia.
Gue'ez, ezi, araray. Les subtilités d'une trinité dans la psalmodie de l'Église chrétienne d'Ethiopie
Authors: Tourny Olivier
Published: January 2017

Dans la tradition musicale de l'église chrétienne orthodoxe unifiée d'Éthiopie, les chants liturgiques sont identifiés selon l'une ou l'autre des catégories suivantes : gue'ez, ezl, araray. Aux dires des spécialistes, leur reconnaissance respective s'opérerait aisément sur la base de critères esthétiques, symboliques et fonctionnels qui, toutefois, s'avèrent inopérants pour l'observateur étranger. La question ici posée est de voir si ces trois catégories vernaculaires renvoient musicalement à trois modalités différentes d'organisation de leurs degrés. Les résultats apportés par l'analyse acoustique viennent confirmer cette hypothèse.
The individual and the group in the Songs of Arsi Oromo men
Authors: Qashu Leila
Published: January 2017

In the patriarchal, patrilineal and clan-based society of the Arsi Oromo, men have a dominant role and cohesion between members of the same clan which is essential. When men sing faaruu loonii (cattle praising songs) in choirs, they share their common pastoral values and create and reinforce group identity through the performance of the songs. Although this group's esthetic is vital for the Arsi, an individual can also have his role in music and society. If a heroic soloist (qondala) is present, he can sing his solos in alternation with the faaruu loonii. In these performances, which include a fascinating array of dynamics between the group and the individual, there is often a fine balance between concord and conflict, which also exists in the broader Arsi society.
Gey fäqär, the songs of the City ? Voices of tradition and transition in Harar
Authors: Sartori Ilaria
Published: January 2017

Les traditions musicales sont parmi les expressions les plus significatives du patrimoine culturel immatériel de Harar. Gey fäqär, la poésie chantée harari, se joue en configuration voix-percussion et combine l'expression d'un héritage littéraire et musical partagé avec l' habilité individuelle de l'improvisation poétique et de la variation mélodique. Actuellement, les femmes chantent gey fàqàr pendant les mariages, tandis que les hommes préfèrent les chants dévotionnels (zikri) et les enfants jouent leurs chansons et comptines (wïg fäqär). Une nouvelle génération de musiciens «pop» propose aussi des chansons harari interprétées avec des instruments électriques importés. Une description des caractéristiques principales des répertoires féminins et enfantins présents et passés et de la musique moderne harari révèle ici les aspects traditionnels et transitionnels de la réalité musicale de Harar.
Une histoire chantée de l'ouest Guragê
Authors: Kruczynski Arnaud
Published: January 2017

Cet article s'intéresse à l'histoire de la pratique du chant de louanges aux grands personnages au sein des « Sept Maisons » de l'Ouest guragé. Il s'appuie sur trois corpus de chants. Deux de ces corpus ont été publiés, qui donnent une image de la pratique du chant de louanges aux grands personnages aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Le troisième corpus a été constitué par l'auteur, et contient des éléments appartenant aux périodes antérieures. La mise en regard de ces trois corpus permet d'établir une catégorisation dynamique du chant de louanges aux grands personnages, animée par l'histoire complexe des populations de l'Ouest guragé entre le XVIIe et le XXe siècle.
La fonction de la musique dans le rituel des premières funérailles maalé (Sud-ouest éthiopien)
Authors: Ferran Hugo
Published: January 2017

This article describes the development and the function of the music in the ritual of the first funerals among the Maale of Southern Ethiopia. After demonstrating that there are several types of funerals depending on the status of the deceased, it is clear that the syntactic patterns underlying the performance of the music in each of these types are similar and yet different. The constants are founding the musical identity of the first funerals, and the variants the one of each funeral type. The structuring function of the music is then put forward. Whether mandatory or optional, and executed in a particular order or randomly, each musical piece punctuates the time of the ritual in its own way. Lastly, it appears that certain pieces fulfill a qualifying function, insofar as they musically express the funeral type, and therefore the status of the deceased.
Narrated identities or the said and the sung: Praise and condemnation of self and others in Arbore song poetics
Authors: Gabbert Echi Christina
Published: January 2017

Chez les Arbore du Sud de l'Éthiopie, les oeuvres musicales et chantées ont pour particularité de thématiser certains comportements et événements d'une autre manière que le langage parlé. Après une brève présentation de l'éthique de la parole dans la société, nous analyserons deux chants par rapport à leur capacité d'évoquer, de créer ou de renforcer certains sentiments et valeurs morales jouant un rôle important dans la constitution et le maintien de l'identité personnelle et sociale.
The bol negero ensemble of the Berta of West Ethiopia
Authors: Teffera Timkehet
Published: January 2017

The music of bol negero flute drum group discussed in this paper is to be considered as one of the most important musical assets and cultural identities of the Berta who have been living in the boarder regions of Southern Sudan and Western Ethiopian since the 19th Century. An ethnographic and musical analysis of this musical tradition.
Primary and Current Prehistoric and Aksumite Archaelogical Research in Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie Asamerew
Published: January 2017

After a survey of the geographical environment, this article presents some of the research conducted in Ethiopia during the last decades, mainly in Prehistoric and Aksumite archaeology.
Les monuments mégalithiques du Mänz (Nord-Shoa) : un inventaire provisoire
Authors: Fauvelle-Aymar François-Xavier , Ayenachew Derese , Hirsch Bertrand , Bernard Régis
Published: January 2017

This article presents a preliminary inventary of megaliths, in particular funerary tumuli, found in Mänz, Ethiopia. The inventory provides the geographical and morphological information, as well as oral information gathered about these monuments.
The coronation of Negus Mika'él, King of Wällo and Tegray, in May 1914: New findings
Authors: Smidt Wolbert G.C.
Published: January 2017

Le couronnement du negus Mika'él en mai 1914, devenant roi du Wàllo et du Tegray, marque un transfert dramatique de pouvoir du centre choan vers le Wällo, ancienne périphérie, et d'autres régions comme le Tegray. Répondant à un débat sur l'authenticité d'une photo montrant Mika'él coiffé de la couronne de l'empereur Menilek II, cet article discute des nouvelles découvertes qui aident à clarifier les questions en suspens : le negus Mika'él a effectivement utilisé la couronne de Menilek pour lui-même, usurpant ainsi symboliquement le pouvoir souverain dans l'Empire, mais il est possible qu'il ne l'aie pas portée pendant la cérémonie de couronnement elle-même. Cependant, il a distribué des images le montrant coiffé de la couronne de Menilek et, en agissant ainsi, a créé une documentation montrant sa position suprême d'un quasi-souverain derrière le souverain, son fils, lej lyasu.
The Institutional Organization of Ethiopian athletics
Authors: Wolde Bezabih , Gaudin Benoît
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the institutions structuring the world of Ethiopian athletics. First of all, the governmental Sport Commission (former NESCO), the Ethiopian National Olympic Committee (ETH-NOC) and the Federal Supreme Council of Sport (FSCS) are briefly described before introducing the Ethiopian Athletics Federation (EAF) itself with its specificities and the history of its coaching. Other prominent actors of the world of athletics are the clubs, either military, company-owned or regional, and their hierarchy into first and second divisions. The training facilities for athletes are then described, as well as both the EAF and non-EAF competitions. Finally, some key issues concerning the world of international elite are approached.
Gouverner et définir un territoire : géopolitique, art et production manuscrite au Lāstā entre 1667 et 1768
Authors: Bosc-Tiessé Claire
Published: January 2017

Ruling and defining a territory, geopolitics, paintings and manuscripts in lasta between 1667 and 1768 ;

This paper takes place in a research program on the historical geography of the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia which purpose is to bring to light the history of different regions as centers and not only as peripheries to be dominated or to be conquered. The Lāstā, which statute toward the central royal authority is reversed between the 13th to the 17th century, seems to be an emblematic zone for this study. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Lāstā has asserted itself as the bastion of a political and religious opposition to the centralizing royal authority of Gondar and has an autonomy which has to be defined. The production of manuscripts and paintings is one way to study this area not by the prism of the documents elaborated by the government of Gondar but in the documents produced in this area. Replacing these items in their context, considering their patrons and the different artistic tendencies which can be observed either in link with the painting created in the capital or in a style definitely distinct, we will try to determine what we can know about Lāstā’s political organization at that time and which part the images take in the construction of its identity. Thus, we will try to better understand the relationships between central and regional authorities and to bring a new light on the structure of the Ethiopian Kingdom.
Revendications patrimoniales et imaginaires post-nationaux : reconstructions identitaires autour des églises de Lalibela dans le contexte du fédéralisme ethnique éthiopien
Authors: Osmond Thomas
Published: January 2017

Heritage claims and post-national imaginary : reconstruction of identities around the lalibela churches in the context of ethiopia’s ethnic federalism ;

The monolithic churches of Lalibela are mostly known as the main tourist attraction in Ethiopia. They also distinguish themselves through the recent production of discourses and books challenging their official history and the position of their founders, the Zagwe monarchs. These intellectual productions are largely embedded in ethnicity. Agaw and Amhara categories are updated to stage new fictions dealing with the ‘ true’ identity of those who excavated these churches and their determinant – but unfairly acknowledged – role in the Ethiopian political history. The recent debates and ethno-centered re-readings of the historical patrimony that they represent offer an interesting point of view on the reconstructions of regional identities in the context of ethnic federalism, characterized by the official recognition of “ ethnic nationalities” since the 1990s. Competing heritage claims over these churches tend to mirror the complex heritage of the former unitary imperial imaginary, as well as highly politicized trial and error of federal Ethiopia, in quest of its national identity.
Origine et diffusion de l’élevage dans la Corne de l’Afrique : un état de la question
Authors: Lesur-Gebremariam Joséphine
Published: January 2017

Cet article présente un état des recherches concernant le début de l’élevage dans la Corne de l’Afrique. Il s’appuie sur une description des différents types de données disponibles, qu’elles soient archéozoologiques, génétiques ou pariétales pour les principales espèces domestiques et plus particulièrement le boeuf, premier animal élevé apparu dans la région. L’association de ces données avec le reste des informations archéologiques a permis de poser le cadre culturel dans lequel les premières sociétés de production sont apparues. En intégrant ces résultats à ceux des pays voisins, il est apparu que la diffusion de l’élevage s’est faite davantage par acculturation que par migration. La diversité environnementale et culturelle de la Corne de l’Afrique semble avoir favorisé l’émergence de multiples modèles d’adoption du pastoralisme.
Amorigé and the anthropomorphic stelae with compartmented faces of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Joussaume Roger
Published: January 2017

A stele discovered in 2008 at Amorigé (Soddo) is described and compared to other anthropomorphic stelae from southern Ethiopia. The chronology of these stelae is discussed, as well as their bearing on the hierarchy within the societies that erected them.
Le couvent de Käswa-Gundä Gunde. Fondation, milieu, environnement
Authors: Schneider Roger
Published: January 2017

L’installation de la communauté stéphanite à Gundä Gunde, contrainte de quitter le Shiré pour se réfugier dans l’Agamé, a fait l’objet de peu d’enquêtes. Dans cet article inédit, Roger Schneider étudie le moment de la fondation de Gundä Gunde à partir des actes de Yǝshaq, le fondateur de ce nouveau monastère, des miracles d’Esṭifanos et d’un recueil de textes ayant trait à l’histoire du monastère, copié par un jeune moine de Gundä Gunde pour l’auteur. Il ajoute une note sur les noms du couvent : Käswa, Gärizan, Gundä Gunde, où il retrace leur histoire et leur étymologie.
L’Éthiopie au château d’Abbadia. De la création à l’expression d’un programme orientaliste
Authors: Delpech Viviane
Published: January 2017

À son retour d’un séjour de onze années en Éthiopie, l’explorateur scientifique Antoine d’Abbadie entreprit la construction de son château d’Abbadia sur les rivages escarpés de la côte basque. Au cœur d’un contexte architectural néogothique, il souhaitait que l’édifice évoque les contrées et le peuple éthiopiens qu’il étudia passionnément tout au long de sa vie. La création et la réalisation du projet furent confiées à Eugène-E. Viollet-le-Duc et Edmond Duthoit entre 1864 et 1879. Duthoit et d’Abbadie collaborèrent étroitement afin de créer des décors éthiopiens à la fois esthétiquement beaux, méthodiquement rationalistes et scientifiquement significatifs. Les recherches récentes effectuées dans le fonds Duthoit et au château d’Abbadia ont permis de préciser la datation, la méthodologie et le processus créatif de ces décors éthiopisants composés de peintures murales figuratives, d’objets pittoresques et de textes littéraires. Le parti pris de ce propos consiste à traiter le sujet éthiopien d’Abbadia dans son ensemble afin de comprendre sa conception et ses significations du point de vue artistique, social et idéologique.
In vino veritas : ‘wine’ and moonshine and the language of drinking and drunkenness in Debre Bïrhan
Authors: Kifleyesus Abbebe
Published: January 2017

Rural Amhara drinking is associated with a specialised lexicon related to producing, distributing and ritually consuming drinks in communal settings. Here the drinking register is part of individual agency through which the meaning of specific ritual events is negotiated. Amhara cultural norms of heightened potency and diminished responsibility allow drunken speakers to extend their linguistic repertoires and to challenge established social relations. When drunk, speakers are less constrained in their linguistic choices by considerations of individual linguistic competence and of differential status between speakers and addressees. Drunks exploit the ambiguities in implicit social meanings that normally function to maintain the status quo as they use their extended communicative competence to present alternative views on the nature of social relations. Understanding this provides important insights into the status of local drinks as indigenous commodities and the link between their consumption and socio-political and economic relations. This article examines the language use of Amhara drinking and drunken speakers, the exposure of truth during drunkenness and the social context of drinking and drunkenness in the town of Debre Bïrhan in northeastern Shewa, Ethiopia.
Vers une nouvelle ville éthiopienne ? Essai d’analyse d’une fabrique radicale de la ville éthiopienne
Authors: Bridonneau Marie , Duroyaume Perrine , Bosredon Pauline
Published: January 2017

Les espaces urbains éthiopiens occupent une place inédite au sein des ambitions de développement économique de l’État. Longtemps délaissées au profit des campagnes, les villes sont aujourd’hui l’objet de politiques publiques qui entrainent des recompositions spatiales rapides et brutales, bouleversant les pratiques citadines. En fondant notre étude sur les trois villes d’Addis Abeba, de Harar et de Lalibela, nous interrogeons l’émergence d’une nouvelle ville éthiopienne. Cette ville moderne subirait certes l’influence des modèles urbains globaux mais conserverait également une dimension éthiopienne. Le pouvoir de l’État innerve en effet tous les aspects de la production renouvelée de ces villes en mobilisant de puissants leviers tels que le contrôle du foncier ou des politiques urbaines volontaristes, dans le domaine du logement par exemple. Nous questionnons enfin la participation des citadins à la production de cette ville, et notamment leur adaptation aux transformations radicales de l’espace.
« Clean and green Addis Ababa », enjeux et pratiques environnementales du nouveau millénaire à Addis Abeba
Authors: Pierrat Adeline , Guitton Stéphanie , Ayerbe Delphine
Published: January 2017

“Clean and green Addis Ababa”, a new environmental policy for Addis Ababa ;

Our paper proposes to quest the management of urban environment in Addis Ababa summarized by the new slogan "Clean and green Addis Ababa". Using our three researches about wastes and trees, we try to understand the current goals of Addis Ababa Municipality, moved by modernization and extension of the city. We choose to focus on the interactions between government policy and inhabitants'' practices in order to understand the actual building of urban environment.
Quelques réflexions sur la première promotion de masters en urbanisme de l’Université d’Addis Abeba (rencontres d’Akaki, mars 2010)
Authors: Didier Sophie
Published: January 2017

eng: urban studies, urban planning, developing countries
Du bon usage de l’engrais en politique. Introduction à la modernisation agricole en Éthiopie
Authors: Planel Sabine
Published: January 2017

As an introduction to the Ethiopian agricultural extension policies, this article focuses on a structural obstacle to rural and agricultural development : the strong ability of State to frame local spaces and local societies. It presents, at the local level, the modalities of distribution and adoption of a technological package by farmers of miscellaneous regions and assumes that the local frame has to be understood as a political dynamics of exercise of power as well as a territorial spreading of the state apparatus.
A Failed State Visit: Letters of Rās Tafari and His Envoy to the German Government in 1924
Authors: Smidt Wolbert G.C.
Published: January 2017

In 1924 Rās Tafari, the regent and heir to the throne of Ethiopia, undertook his famous diplomatic journey to Europe, which can be regarded as a turning-point in his relations with the European powers. The example of his planned journey to Germany, which never materialized, shows his high diplomatic skills. While this state-visit had de facto failed due to opposition from France and other European powers, he still managed to create a favorable impression in Germany and thus showed his great skill to give a positive turn even to diplomatically difficult situations. This article describes the journey of the Ethiopian delegation, which went to Berlin instead of Rās Tafari, documents the Ethiopian diplomatic correspondence which is still partially extant, and discusses the language and political iconography involved.
Legitimization of a Pretender to the Throne: A Short Amharic-French Biography of Hāyla Sellāsē I Published in 1930
Authors: Ancel Stéphane , Smidt Wolbert G.C.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the edition of a short bilingual Amharic-French biography of Tafari/ Hāyla Sellāsē published in Ethiopia in 1930. This biography, published by the Ethiopian government, is a panegyric text aiming at presenting the life and the political actions of Tafari Makwannen until he became King of kings of Ethiopia, in a way, which shows the continuous and development of his career towards the highest levels of power. This text is one of the first examples of the official narrative on the legitimacy of Tafari as King of kings of Ethiopia. The historiographical aspect is extremely important and this text deserves publication. This paper aims at contributing to our knowledge and understanding of the creation of an official Ethiopian historiography in 20th century history. Because of its historiographical significance, the original text in Amharic is presented together with its original translation in French and a new translation in English, both with annotations. The English translation aims at presenting the characteristics of this text to non-French and non-Amharic speakers. The annotations highlight the work done by the French translator and offer a critical analysis of the contents of the text.
Youths on Perilous Journeys: Irregular Migrants from Tǝgray, Northern Ethiopia, to the Gulf Region
Authors: Berhe Fesseha
Published: January 2017

The paper deals with irregular migrants from Tǝgray region, northern Ethiopia to the Gulf region. In recent years irregular migration has become rampant not only in the region, but also in the country. The massive emigration of the youthful population is having adverse socioeconomic, psychological and political impact. It is also damaging the image of the country and it can be argued that also the development endeavors of the country are undermined. A study on irregular migrants is also triggered by the following observations : 1. it is associated with all sorts of life-threatening risks and yet its magnitude has been increasing enormously ; 2. it is happening when there are also legal means of migrating out of the country, and 3. there are indications that lately it is changing its nature i. e. from human smuggling to human trafficking. The topic is timely and seeks critical intervention. But despite this fact it is not well researched and not well less understood. Thus it is high time for thorough empirical research like this that will lead to the full understanding of the problem. Based on the empirical data collected from field research in different localities of Tǝgray the paper discusses the drivers of migration, the processes of the irregular migration and those involved in it and the reasons why persons are resorting to irregular migration when the legal means of migrating to the Gulf is there.
New data on ‘GZ, Son of a King, From a 3d c. AD Unvocalized Gәᶜәz Inscription (Ḥәnzat, Tәgray)
Authors: Gebre Selassie Yohannes
Published: January 2017

Nouvelles données sur ‘ GZ, fils de roi, d'après une inscription en ge'ez non-vocalisée du III e . ap. J.-C. (Ḥǝnzat, Tǝgray)

Une nouvelle inscription en ge'ez non-vocalisé a été découverte à Ḥǝnzat, dans le Tǝgray, sur un site archéologique important. Cette nouvelle inscription de 15 lignes révèle que ‘ GZ, fils du roi ḪRF, fit ériger cette stèle en 57 jours, en l'absence de son père et très probablement en son honneur. Une comparaison avec l''inscription RIÉth 223 permet de dater cette stèle du III e siècle. Cela en fait une des inscriptions ge'ez la plus ancienne connue comportant des chiffres écrits avec des symboles et non en lettre. La fonction mémorielle de cette stèle est probable, montrant que les stèles n''étaient pas uniquement des monuments funéraires.
What do Christians (Not) Eat: Food Taboos and the Ethiopian Christian Communities (13th-18th c.)
Authors: Guindeuil Thomas
Published: January 2017

Ce que mangent (ou ne mangent pas) les chrétiens. La communauté chrétienne d’Éthiopie face aux interdits alimentaires

Peu de sources permettent d’aborder frontalement la question des relations entre le christianisme éthiopien et les interdits alimentaires. Cet article propose une relecture de cet étroit corpus, et met en relief les différents moments d’une histoire où s’imbriquent pratiques alimentaires et identité religieuse. Le respect des interdits alimentaires bibliques est aujourd’hui considéré comme un marqueur identitaire pour les chrétiens d’Éthiopie. Les chrétiens d’Éthiopie ont derrière eux une longue histoire d’identi -fication au peuple élu, mais les interdits alimentaires du Pentateuque ne semblent pas, jus -qu’à une période récente, avoir eu une quelconque résonnance pratique. Jusqu’au XVI e siècle, les textes mettent à jour des pratiques de non-consommation alimentaires portant sur des chairs animales, communes à la majorité des populations de la région, chrétiennes ou non. Au XV e siècle, le roi Zar’a Yā‘ eqob condamne la non-consommation du poisson en s’appuyant sur les écrits apostoliques. L’altérité alimentaire entre communautés religieuses – chrétiens, musulmans, «païens » – se fonde alors sur des aliments qui symbolisent l’altérité des modes de vie. Lorsqu’ils se confrontent, au XVI e siècle, au regard des catholiques européens, les chrétiens d’Éthiopie élaborent un discours de justification de la non-consommation de certaines chairs animales, pratique dont le caractère rituel est alors nié. Ce n’est qu’une fois les missionnaires catholiques expulsés, au XVII e siècle, que le respect des interdits alimentaires bibliques semble être intégré à l’identité chrétienne éthiopienne, et supplante définitivement les pratiques de non-consommation pan-éthiopiennes.
Les sociétés de l’Holocène récent du Sud de l’Éthiopie : résultats de la mission archéologique dans le Parc National de Nechisar
Authors: Lesur Joséphine , Gutherz Xavier , Jallot Luc , Diaz Amélie , Arthur John
Published: January 2017

Late Holocene societies from southern Ethiopia : results from archaeological project in Nechisar National Park

This paper will present the results from an archaeological survey conducted in November 2009 inside the Nechisar National Park in the south part of Ethiopia. During this survey, we have found two rock shelters, Mome Gongolo 1 and Mome Gongolo 2, located on the slope on the Mome Mountain on the south-western foothills of the Somali plateau. Test excavations were made in both sites, showing the presence of several occupation layers that contained lithic artefacts, bones fragments and in one of them ceramic sherds. Mome Gongolo 1, dated from 6th century AD is interpreted as being used as a hunting camp. Mome Gongolo 2 that was occupied during the 16th century AD was also a hunting camp with the presence of throwing lithic weapons and wild animals’ bones. The occupants produced also locally a pottery that presents stylistic similarities with the one from the Borada that occupied at the same period the mountainous area of Gamo. However, more archaeological research is needed in this very diverse region to understand the development of late Holocene societies.
Ambet, site archéologique dans le sud de l'Éthiopie. Redécouverte de trois stèles éthiopiennes du Soddo à l'ISIAO (Rome)
Authors: Tournemire Claude
Published: January 2017

The archaeological site of Ambet in Southern Ethiopia and the rediscovery in Rome of three Ethiopian steles from Soddo

The archeological site of Ambet in southern Ethiopia is rich in carved steles of various kind : one stele " with sword", one anthropomorphic stele and three " masked" steles. This site was documented successively first by Alfred Ilg (1886), by Azaïs and Chambard (1923-26), and then by Francis Anfray in the 1970s. Anfray notes the disappearance of one of the carved steles from the site. The archives of Father Azaïs in Rome mention that he moved 13 monoliths from Gurageland to Addis Abeba in 1932. During a visit at Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente in Rome the author of this article managed to find not only the missing stele from Ambet but also two other carved Ethiopian steles, one of which has never been edited.
Révéler et éloigner. Usages du corps et de ses ornements en pays mursi
Authors: Eczet Jean-baptiste
Published: January 2017

Reveal and remove. Uses of the body and its ornaments in Mursiland

Body ornamentation in Southern Ethiopia attracts many tourists and reporters in search of primitive, exotic peoples. With a few exceptions, anthropological research has not considered body ornamentation as a cultural practice. This article aims to shed light on somes of these practices among the Mursi, a pastoral population of several thousand living in the Omo valley in southern Ethiopia. Ephemeral bodily adornments regulate interactions through successive layers of personal involvement. Every individual uses them to manage their relations with different beings : their peers, their cattle, their dead, and tourists. Jewellery and painting with cattle dung indicate attachments, revealing pastoral and friendship skills that have already been acquired. By contrary, painting oneself with clay and painting oneself for tourists are works of detachment. These acts are directed towards transient beings (the dead and tourists) to be warded off, and are the production of this detachment. By contrast, the primary purpose of using jewellery or dung is as a visual record of active relationships. Thus, painting and the wearing of ornamentation are merely a matter of aesthetic expressivity, but are visual propositions that inform different kind of interactions. One should better study and consider these practices, since they participate in each and every social relation.
Dynamics of Subarcsecond Bright Dots in the Transition Region above Sunspots and Their Relation to Penumbral Micro-jets
Authors: Samanta Tanmoy , Tian Hui , Banerjee Dipankar , Schanche Nicole
Published: January 2017

Recent high-resolution observations have revealed that subarcsecond bright dots (BDs) with sub-minute lifetimes appear ubiquitously in the transition region (TR) above sunspot penumbra. The presence of penumbral micro-jets (PMJs) in the chromosphere was previously reported. It was proposed that both the PMJs and BDs are formed due to a magnetic reconnection process and may play an important role in heating of the penumbra. Using simultaneous observations of the chromosphere from the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board Hinode and observations of the TR from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, we study the dynamics of BDs and their relation to PMJs. We find two types of BDs, one that is related to PMJs, and another that does not show any visible dynamics in the SOT Ca ii H images. From a statistical analysis we show that these two types have different properties. The BDs that are related to PMJs always appear at the top of the PMJs, the vast majority of which show inward motion and originate before the generation of the PMJs. These results may indicate that the reconnection occurs at the lower coronal/TR height and initiates PMJs at the chromosphere. This formation mechanism is in contrast with the formation of PMJs by reconnection in the (upper) photosphere between differently inclined fields.
Usage de la BD comme outil de marketing narratif pour les territoires
Authors: Sempé Laurent
Published: January 2017

Le marketing des territoires vit aujourd’hui une véritable « révolution narrative ». Le consommateur, comme animal de fiction, réagit beaucoup mieux aux informations, lorsque celles-ci sont narrées. Les managers des territoires et des destinations doivent intégrer ces aspects dans leur gouvernance. La somme des récits en provenance des parties prenantes entraîne une fabrication collective des territoires, au niveau de son identité, sa culture, son imaginaire, ses croyances. Un modèle PLS évaluera l’effet du media BD, sur l’expérience narrative des répondants. Cela nous amènera à proposer le cadre d’un modèle global, à la fois narratif, transmédia, et bidirectionnel.
Orientation entrepreneuriale internationale des PME : émergence du concept, antécédents et modélisation de sa relation avec la performance internationale
Authors: Aloulou Wassim
Published: January 2017

On a beaucoup écrit sur l’orientation entrepreneuriale des firmes, mais beaucoup moins sur l’Orientation Entrepreneuriale Internationale (OEI) des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises. L’article tente, tout d’abord, d’identifier les attributs du concept d’OEI des PME, apprécié principalement à l’aide de l’innovativité, la prise de risque et la proactivité de leurs fondateurs/dirigeants. En effet, une PME innovatrice, qui se développe à l’international, n’est pas entrepreneuriale si elle n’est suffisamment proactive vis-à-vis de sa concurrence et de son environnement international, ou si elle ne prend pas assez de risques mesurés dans son développement international. Ensuite, il décrit l’émergence de ce concept de la littérature du management international, de l’entrepreneuriat, et du management stratégique. Il met en valeur l’OEI en tant que construit valide et orientation stratégique valable pour la PME vers la saisie d’opportunités et la mobilisation de ressources nécessaires à son développement à l’international. Enfin, l’article propose d’identifier les antécédents de l’OEI et d’élaborer une modélisation de la relation de l’OEI et la performance internationale de la PME. L’article termine par proposer quelques défis (conceptuels et empiriques) pour approfondir les connaissances sur cette thématique dans le contexte des PME issues des pays en développement.
Exploitation ou exploration dans les alliances stratégiques asymétriques ? Le cas de l’industrie pharmaceutique dans le contexte tunisien
Authors: Bahri Korbi Fadia
Published: January 2017

Le concept d’innovation ouverte suscite un vif intérêt, tant de la part des professionnels que de la part de la communauté académique (Isckia et Lescop, 2011). Dans cette optique, le présent article se propose d’étudier l’innovation ouverte à travers les alliances stratégiques asymétriques en analysant les innovations d’exploitation et d’exploration. La méthode de recherche adoptée est qualitative, fondée sur l’étude de quatre cas d’alliances asymétriques nouées entre des multinationales et des entreprises tunisiennes locales évoluant dans le secteur pharmaceutique. Il en résulte que ces alliances ne permettent pas de soutenir une innovation d’exploration. En effet, les multinationales exploitent les entreprises tunisiennes locales comme des plateformes de commercialisation et de réexportation de leurs produits pharmaceutiques vers des marchés voisins. Cependant, l’entreprise tunisienne peut réussir à développer son potentiel d’innovation grâce, notamment, à sa capacité d’absorption. Classification JEL : L24, L65, O32
El puente Corozal, Guatemala
Authors: Stratton and Gibbs & Hill Tippetts-Abbett-Mc Carlhy-
Published: January 2017

No disponible
Acords fiscals de prestadors jueus forasters en el Liber secretariorum aliame judeorum Minorise (Manresa, 1343-1346)
Authors: Muntané Santiveri Josep Xavier
Published: January 2017

El Liber secretariorum aliame judeorum Minorise es, de los dos únicos ejemplares de este género de liber iudeorum conservados en Cataluña, el más extenso. Contiene un registro de documentos en general relacionados con la fiscalidad de la aljama de Manresa, validados entre 1342 y 1353. Los secretarios de la comunidad aparecen en la mayoría de dichos documentos, especialmente en los acuerdos económicos pactados con judíos no residentes en Manresa pero con actividad crediticia en la ciudad (1343-1346). El artículo analiza las cláusulas de este tipo de contrato y edita críticamente esta documentación inusual.
Glosas parentéticas en una obra historiográfica sefardí: Yildiź y sus secretos: el reino de Abdul Ḥamid, de Iśac Gaḅay
Authors: Filiz Subaşı Doğa
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo se centra en el uso de las glosas parentéticas incorporadas en Yildiź y sus secretos: el reino de Abdul Ḥamid, una obra historiográfica escrita en aljamía hebraica en Estambul en el año 1909 por Iśac Gaḅay. En primer lugar, se organizan las glosas en tablas según su categoría gramatical, origen y forma, y en segundo lugar se pretende señalar la carencia de un uso sistemático de las glosas a lo largo de la obra. Estos análisis se acompañan de unos gráficos a fin de llegar a una conclusión estadística. Asimismo, se intenta dar respuesta al porqué del uso de las glosas.
ICT Strategy Development
Authors: Kamel Sherif , Rizk Nagla
Published: January 2017

Information and communication technology (ICT) is continuously setting the pace for a changing, competitive and dynamic global marketplace and representing an enabling platform for business and socioeconomic development. The impact of ICT adoption, diffusion and adoption can go well beyond being a state-of the-art infrastructure; it can have concrete impact on development. ICT strategy development from start to finish, from design to implementation should cater to the different needs of the community whether it is societal, economic, business and political with an aim to realize universal access to optimize the impact in terms of scalability and sustainability. Building the ICT infrastructure and infostructure will not realize quantum leaps in the development process unless it is coupled with concrete projects and initiatives that engage the society at large with its multiple stakeholders from public, private, government and civil society organizations irrespective of their locations whether urban or remote, gender or background. This chapter describes the evolution of the ICT sector in Egypt with an emphasis on national ICT strategy development across its different design and implementation phases as an integral element of Egypt's overall development process within the context of an emerging economy.
Information Technologies and Analytical Models for Strategic Design of Transportation Infrastructure
Authors: Smith L. Douglas , Nauss Robert M. , Xu Liang , Zhang Juan , Ehmke Jan Fabian , Hellmann Laura
Published: January 2017

Statistical modeling, deterministic optimization, heuristic scheduling procedures, and computer simulation enable the strategic design of service systems while considering complex interdependencies in system operations. Performance on multiple dimensions may be investigated under alternative physical configurations and operating procedures while accommodating time-varying mixes of traffic and demands for service. This paper discusses how analytical tools and a conceptual framework developed for inland waterway transportation were extended and applied to the more complex operating environment of commercial airports. Networks of staged queues constitute the conceptual framework and discrete-event simulation provides the integrating modeling platform. Within the simulation model, statistical models represent time-varying behavior, traffic intensity is adjusted, resources are allocated to system users, traffic is controlled according to prevailing conditions, and decision rules are tested in pursuit of optimal performance.
Play It Like Beckham!
Authors: Castellano Sylvaine , Khelladi Insaf
Published: January 2017

New opportunities and challenges are emerging thanks to the growing Internet importance and social media usage. Although practitioners have already recognized the strategic dimension of e-reputation and the power of social media, academic research is still in its infancy when it comes to e-reputation determinants in a social networks context. A study was conducted in the sports setting to explore the impact of social networks on the sportspeople's e-reputation. Whereas the study emphasized (1) the influence of social networks' perception on the sportspeople's e-reputation, and the neutral roles of (2) the motives for following sportspeople online, and (3) the negative content on the Internet, additional insights are formulated on maintaining, restoring and managing e-reputation on social networks. Finally, future research directions are suggested on the role of image to control e-reputation.
Web Accessibility and Transparency for Accountability
Authors: Angélico Maria José , Silva Amélia , Teixeira Sandrina Francisca , Maia Telma , Silva Anabela Martins
Published: January 2017

Local government is a political power close to citizens and constitutes a mainstay of democracy. Because of their mission, the guidelines promoted by local government must be embedded in strategies of accountability and public communication. In that sense, it is worthwhile to ask if “local government accountability is being an inclusive concept?” In Portugal, transparency of municipalities is being accessed through the Municipality Transparency Index (MTI). The study aim was to investigate whatever MTI measures accessibility. This study examined the availability of local government information on the website for a sample of 86 Portuguese municipalities and presented the results of a quantitative evaluation of the web accessibility based on W3C guidelines, using an automated tool. Based on the main concepts of transparency and accessibility, it explored static association between MTI and web accessibility. This study contributed to the discussion about transparency as a social value and is of great importance for local policy makers and civic movements in favor of disabled people.
Biomedical Librarianship in the Post-Genomic Era
Authors: Nagarkar Shubhada Prashant
Published: January 2017

Post genomic era is known for the explosive growth in biomedical information. Bibliographic and sequence databases are increasing continuously and have voluminous data sets. Biomedical librarians are facing challenges in retrieval of relevant information from these electronic databases and related sources of information. This chapter discusses the changing role of biomedical librarians in post genomic era. The chapter covers features of the biomedical librarianship including library collection development, users' information needs and strategies adopted to provide services. Moreover, it focuses on the competencies required by librarians to face the challenges of management of information and services needed by biomedical researchers in the post genomic era.
Information Needs of Bioinformatics Researchers
Authors: Manlunching
Published: January 2017

Information plays a vital role in bioinformatics to achieve the existing bioinformatics information technologies and to identify the needs of bioinformatics researchers. The most revolutionary development for bioinformatics resources is access to the internet because internet is pervasive in all bioinformatics work. Users required various sources of information for conducting bioinformatics research. The success of the information service is more likely to be achieved by adjusting the services to meet the specific needs of an individual.