bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beckert, S. (2014). Empire of cotton: A global history. New York: Alfred A Knopf. 640 págs.
Authors: Mullins Jr Ricky D.
Published: November 2016

Cada año en Virginia, muchos maestros enseñan a los estudiantes que el capitalismo es un sistema en el que el gobierno se mantiene al margen. El autor de esta revisión, que fue profesor de secundaria en Virginia, enseñó este mismo concepto. Sin embargo, Sven Beckert cuenta una historia diferente en su libro Empire of Cotton: A Global History. Beckert, donde argumenta que no solo el estado participó en el desarrollo del capitalismo, sino que también "las necesidades de los estados-nación no estaban en conflicto", lo que significa que en muchos casos el capitalismo se entrelaza con los objetivos del estado. Utiliza una mercancía, el algodón, como pieza central para ejemplificar su punto. Desde el principio, el lector puede pensar que se está embarcando en una historia del algodón, pero ese no es el objetivo de Beckert. Su objetivo es contar la historia del capitalismo, centrándose en un tema del que todo el mundo sabe algo: el algodón.

Every year in Virginia, many teachers instruct students that capitalism is a system in which government stays out of the way. The author of this review, being a former high school teacher in Virginia, taught this very concept. Nevertheless, Sven Beckert tells a different story in his book Empire of Cotton: A Global History. Beckert argues that not only was the state involved in the development of capitalism, but also “the needs of nation-states were not conflicting”, meaning that in many instances capitalism intertwined with goals of the state. He uses a commodity, cotton, as a centerpiece to exemplify his point. From the onset, the reader may think they are embarking on a history of cotton, but that is not Beckert’s goal. His goal is to tell the story of capitalism, by focusing on a topicthat everyone knows something about: cotton.
Contribuciones a la didáctica de la Historia a través del método de análisis del objeto: como ejemplo…una “vasulla”
Authors: Lloch Molina Nayra , Parisi Moreno Verónica
Published: November 2016

El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es demostrar la potencialidad de la didáctica del objeto como herramienta para la mejora de la didáctica de la Historia. Seleccionada una fuente primaria objetual cualquiera del pasado, se ha procedido a analizarla desde diferentes perspectivas para determinar el grado de conocimiento que su análisis permite en referencia al espacio y tiempo con que se relaciona la fuente. Asimismo, se pretende conocer si dicho análisis objetual posibilita obtener conclusiones generales a partir de premisas particulares, fomentando de este modo el método inductivo de aprendizaje. El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a mejorar la calidad de la didáctica de la Historia en particular, así como de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales, en general.

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the potential of object didactics as a tool to improve the teaching and learning of History. Once having selected any objectual primary source from the past, we proceeded to analyse it from different perspectives in order to determine the degree of knowledge that its analysis allows, regarding both the space and time to which the source is related. Additionally, the research seeks to know whether that object analysis enables students to draw general conclusions from particular premises, thereby promoting the inductive learning method. This paper aims to contribute to improving the quality of History teaching and learning in particular, as well as the teaching and learning of Social Sciences in general.
Comparaison des traductions japonaise et chinoise de Paul Morand pendant les années 1920 et 1930
Authors: Yeung Sabrina Choi-Kit
Published: November 2016

Pour comprendre l’émergence des mouvements modernistes dans les littératures japonaise et chinoise, au cours des années 1920 et 1930, « le modernisme », « l’École des sensations nouvelles » et « Paul Morand » sont trois jalons incontournables. Nous proposons dans cet article une comparaison des mouvements modernistes japonais et chinois à partir de la traduction, en nous concentrant sur deux nouvelles de Paul Morand : La nuit romaine et La nuit des six-jours qui ont été traduites en japonais et en chinois au cours de cette période. Grâce à l’étude comparée des traductions, nous tentons de répondre aux questions suivantes : comment le statut culturel des traducteurs a-t-il influencé leurs stratégies de traduction ? En quoi les stratégies de traduction japonaise et chinoise ont-elles été vectrices d’une certaine forme de modernité ? Comment les choix de traduction ont-ils dévoilé les multiples facettes de la modernité des deux pays ?
POWERDRESS interacts with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 to promote aging in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Xiangsong , Lu Li , Mayer Kevin S , Scalf Mark , Qian Shuiming , Lomax Aaron , Smith Lloyd M , Zhong Xuehua
Published: November 2016

Leaf senescence is an essential part of the plant lifecycle during which nutrients are re-allocated to other tissues. The regulation of leaf senescence is a complex process. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we uncovered a novel and the pivotal role of Arabidopsis HDA9 (a RPD3-like histone deacetylase) in promoting the onset of leaf senescence. We found that HDA9 acts in complex with a SANT domain-containing protein POWERDRESS (PWR) and transcription factor WRKY53. Our genome-wide profiling of HDA9 occupancy reveals that HDA9 directly binds to the promoters of key negative regulators of senescence and this association requires PWR. Furthermore, we found that PWR is important for HDA9 nuclear accumulation. This study reveals an uncharacterized epigenetic complex involved in leaf senescence and provides mechanistic insights into how a histone deacetylase along with a chromatin-binding protein contribute to a robust regulatory network to modulate the onset of plant aging.
In vivo vizualisation of mono-ADP-ribosylation by dPARP16 upon amino-acid starvation
Authors: Aguilera-Gomez Angelica , van Oorschot Marinke M , Veenendaal Tineke , Rabouille Catherine
Published: November 2016

PARP catalysed ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including cellular stress. In order to visualise both Poly-, and Mono-, ADP-ribosylation in vivo, we engineered specific fluorescent probes. Using them, we show that amino-acid starvation triggers an unprecedented display of mono-ADP-ribosylation that governs the formation of Sec body, a recently identified stress assembly that forms in Drosophila cells. We show that dPARP16 catalytic activity is necessary and sufficient for both amino-acid starvation induced mono-ADP-ribosylation and subsequent Sec body formation and cell survival. Importantly, dPARP16 catalyses the modification of Sec16, a key Sec body component, and we show that it is a critical event for the formation of this stress assembly. Taken together our findings establish a novel example for the role of mono-ADP-ribosylation in the formation of stress assemblies, and link this modification to a metabolic stress.
Ferroelectrics
Authors: Gregg J. Marty , Unruh Hans‐Günther
Published: November 2016

The article contains sections titled:1.Fundamental Concepts and History1.1.Fundamental Concepts1.2.Early Development1.3.Development of Lattice‐Dynamic Aspects1.4.Domains and Domain Walls2.Properties of Specific Families2.1.KH2PO4(KDP) Family2.2.Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) Family2.3.(NH4)2SO4(AS) Family2.4.Oxidic Ferroelectrics2.4.1.Barium Titanate2.4.2.Other Oxides of the Perovskite Type2.4.3.LiNbO3Family2.5.Ferroelectric Ceramics2.6.Ferroelectric Polymers and Liquid Crystals3.Potential Applications3.1.Thin Films, Nanostructures, and Ferroelectric Memories3.2.Energy Storage3.3.Photovoltaics3.4.Giant Tunneling Electroresistance
Antiinfectives for Systemic Use, 3. Antivirals
Authors: Kleemann Axel
Published: November 2016

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.J05A Direct Acting Antivirals2.1.J05AB Nucleosides and Nucleotides excluding RTIs2.2.J05AC Cyclic Amines2.3.J05AD Phosphonic Acid Derivatives2.4.J05AE Protease Inhibitors2.5.J05AF Nucleoside and Nucleotide RTIs; NRTIs2.6.J05AG Non‐Nucleoside RTIs; NNRTIs2.7.J05AH Neuraminidase Inhibitors2.8.J05AR Antivirals for Treatment of HIV Infections, Combinations2.9.J05AX Other Antivirals
Intrawellbore kinematic and frictional losses in a horizontal well in a bounded confined aquifer
Authors: Wang Quanrong , Zhan Hongbin
Published: November 2016

Horizontal drilling has become an appealing technology for water resource exploration or aquifer remediation in recent decades, due to decreasing operational cost and many technical advantages over vertical wells. However, many previous studies on flow into horizontal wells were based on the Uniform Flux Boundary Condition (UFBC), which does not reflect the physical processes of flow inside the well accurately. In this study, we investigated transient flow into a horizontal well in an anisotropic confined aquifer laterally bounded by two constant‐head boundaries. Three types of boundary conditions were employed to treat the horizontal well, including UFBC, Uniform‐Head Boundary Condition (UHBC), and Mixed‐Type Boundary Condition (MTBC). The MTBC model considered both kinematic and frictional effects inside the horizontal well, in which the kinematic effect referred to the accelerational and fluid‐inflow effects. A new solution of UFBC was derived by superimposing the point sink/source solutions along the axis of a horizontal well with a uniform flux distribution. New solutions of UHBC and MTBC were obtained by a hybrid analytical‐numerical method, and an iterative method was proposed to determine the well discretization required for achieving sufficiently accurate results. This study showed that the differences among the UFBC, UHBC, and MTBC solutions were obvious near the well screen, decreased with distance from the well, and became negligible near the constant‐head boundary. The relationship between the flow rate and the drawdown was nonlinear for the MTBC solution, while it was linear for the UFBC and UHBC solutions.
Physical properties and seismic structure of Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana fore‐arc crust: Results from IODP Expedition 352 and comparison with oceanic crust
Authors: Christeson G. L. , Morgan S. , Kodaira S. , Yamashita M. , Almeev R. R. , Michibayashi K. , Sakuyama T. , Ferré E. C. , Kurz W.
Published: November 2016

Most of the well‐preserved ophiolite complexes are believed to form in suprasubduction zone (SSZ) settings. We compare physical properties and seismic structure of SSZ crust at the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) fore arc with oceanic crust drilled at Holes 504B and 1256D to evaluate the similarities of SSZ and oceanic crust. Expedition 352 basement consists of fore‐arc basalt (FAB) and boninite lavas and dikes. P‐wave sonic log velocities are substantially lower for the IBM fore arc (mean values 3.1–3.4 km/s) compared to Holes 504B and 1256D (mean values 5.0–5.2 km/s) at depths of 0–300 m below the sediment‐basement interface. For similar porosities, lower P‐wave sonic log velocities are observed at the IBM fore arc than at Holes 504B and 1256D. We use a theoretical asperity compression model to calculate the fractional area of asperity contact Af across cracks. Af values are 0.021–0.025 at the IBM fore arc and 0.074–0.080 at Holes 504B and 1256D for similar depth intervals (0–300 m within basement). The Af values indicate more open (but not necessarily wider) cracks in the IBM fore arc than for the oceanic crust at Holes 504B and 1256D, which is consistent with observations of fracturing and alteration at the Expedition 352 sites. Seismic refraction data constrain a crustal thickness of 10–15 km along the IBM fore arc. Implications and inferences are that crust‐composing ophiolites formed at SSZ settings could be thick and modified after accretion, and these processes should be considered when using ophiolites as an analog for oceanic crust.
Mean Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport measured in Drake Passage
Authors: Donohue K. A. , Tracey K. L. , Watts D. R. , Chidichimo M. P. , Chereskin T. K.
Published: November 2016

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is an important component of the global climate system connecting the major ocean basins as it flows eastward around Antarctica, yet due to the paucity of data, it remains unclear how much water is transported by the current. Between 2007 and 2011 flow through Drake Passage was continuously monitored with a line of moored instrumentation with unprecedented horizontal and temporal resolution. Annual mean near‐bottom currents are remarkably stable from year to year. The mean depth‐independent or barotropic transport, determined from the near‐bottom current meter records, was 45.6 sverdrup (Sv) with an uncertainty of 8.9 Sv. Summing the mean barotropic transport with the mean baroclinic transport relative to zero at the seafloor of 127.7 Sv gives a total transport through Drake Passage of 173.3 Sv. This new measurement is 30% larger than the canonical value often used as the benchmark for global circulation and climate models.
Onset and withdrawal of the large‐scale South Asian monsoon: A dynamical definition using change point detection
Authors: Walker Jennifer M. , Bordoni Simona
Published: November 2016

We introduce an objective definition for onset and withdrawal of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM), based on the large‐scale atmospheric moisture budget. The change point (CHP) index allows precise characterization of the different stages and timescales of the large‐scale SASM and is highly correlated with the local operational index, the monsoon onset over Kerala. The CHP‐based onset and withdrawal dates, which capture the expected seasonal transitions in rainfall and winds, correspond with regime changes in the SASM moisture budget between negative and positive net precipitation. Climatological composites reveal that the seasonal transitions in SASM sector mean precipitation and circulation closely resemble those of the zonal mean Hadley circulation. The CHP index at grid points within the SASM domain yields a robust definition of local onset and withdrawal dates, which are well correlated with the large‐scale index on interannual timescales, providing insight into the regional variability of the SASM.
Decadal variation and trends in subsurface salinity from 1960 to 2012 in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Zeng Lili , Wang Dongxiao , Xiu Peng , Shu Yeqiang , Wang Qiang , Chen Ju
Published: November 2016

Observations suggest that subsurface waters in the northern South China Sea exhibited substantial low‐frequency variability, with a striking decadal change in the southern limit of the 34.6 practical salinity unit (psu) isohaline. Long‐term freshening of the subsurface waters, started in 1960, was followed by salinification from 1975, and freshening occurred again from 1993 to 2012. The linear trends were −0.0076, 0.0100, and −0.0078 psu/yr, respectively. An analysis of the subsurface salinity budget reveals that the main underlying contributors to subsurface salinity are horizontal advection and vertical entrainment. In particular, advection driven by the Luzon Strait transport and vertical entrainment from the mixed layer are the key factors controlling variations on subsurface salinity. Diagnosis of the salinity budget further suggests that entrainment from the mixed layer played a more important role in the freshening periods than in the salinifying period.
TLEs and early VLF events: Simulating the important impact of transmitter‐disturbance‐receiver geometry
Authors: NaitAmor S. , Ghalila H. , Cohen M. B.
Published: November 2016

Early very low frequency (VLF) events are perturbations to subionospherically propagating VLF radio transmitters which sometimes occur when lightning activity is near the transmitter‐receiver path. They are often correlated to Transient Luminous Events (TLEs). Recent analysis have focused on a new type of early events whose recovery time persists for many minutes, called LOng Recovery Events (LOREs). The underlying cause of these events is still unclear. Curiously, LOREs sometimes appear on only one path, while the same event observed on a different transmitter‐receiver path does not indicate a LORE. In this paper we observe and simulate two cases of early signal perturbations: The first is a typical early VLF event, and the second is a LORE. Both were recorded by two AWESOME VLF receivers in North Africa on 12 December 2009, during the EuroSprite campaign. We combine observations with theoretical modeling to infer the electron density change that most closely reproduces the observed perturbation. Our results explain the cases where LOREs are detected on only one path as resulting from transmitter‐receiver geometry significantly which impacts the modal content and therefore the observed VLF recovery time.
Predicting the amplitude and hemispheric asymmetry of solar cycle 25 with surface flux transport
Authors: Hathaway David H. , Upton Lisa A.
Published: November 2016

Evidence strongly indicates that the strength of the Sun's polar fields near the time of a sunspot cycle minimum determines the strength of the following solar activity cycle. We use our Advective Flux Transport code, with flows well constrained by observations, to simulate the evolution of the Sun's polar magnetic fields from early 2016 to the end of 2019—near the expected time of cycle 24/25 minimum. We run a series of simulations in which the uncertain conditions (convective motion details, active region tilt, and meridional flow profile) are varied within expected ranges. We find that the average strength of the polar fields near the end of cycle 24 will be similar to that measured near the end of cycle 23, indicating that cycle 25 will be similar in strength to the current cycle. In all cases the polar fields are asymmetric with fields in the south stronger than those in the north. This asymmetry would be more pronounced if not for the predicted weakening of the southern polar fields in late 2016 and through 2017. After just 4 years of simulation the variability across our ensemble indicates an accumulated uncertainty of about 15%. This accumulated uncertainty arises from stochastic variations in the convective motion details, the active region tilt, and changes in the meridional flow profile. These variations limit the ultimate predictability of the solar cycle.
Hall effect control of magnetotail dawn‐dusk asymmetry: A three‐dimensional global hybrid simulation
Authors: Lu San , Lin Y. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. V. , Pritchett P. L. , Lu Quanming , Wang X. Y.
Published: November 2016

Magnetotail reconnection and related phenomena (e.g., flux ropes, dipolarizing flux bundles, flow bursts, and particle injections) occur more frequently on the duskside than on the dawnside. Because this asymmetry can directly result in dawn‐dusk asymmetric space weather effects, uncovering its physical origin is important for better understanding, modeling, and prediction of the space weather phenomena. However, the cause of this pervasive asymmetry is unclear. Using three‐dimensional global hybrid simulations, we demonstrate that the Hall physics in the magnetotail current sheet is responsible for the asymmetry. The current sheet thins progressively under enhanced global convection; when its thickness reaches ion kinetic scales, some ions are decoupled from the magnetized electrons (the Hall effect). The resultant Hall electric field Ez is directed toward the neutral plane. The Hall effect is stronger (grows faster) on the duskside; i.e., more ions become unmagnetized there and do not comove with the magnetized dawnward Ez × Bx drifting electrons, thus creating a larger additional cross‐tail current intensity jy (in addition to the diamagnetic current) on the duskside, compared to the dawnside. The stronger Hall effect strength on the duskside is controlled by the higher ion temperature, thinner current sheet, and smaller normal magnetic field Bz there. These asymmetric current sheet properties are in turn controlled by two competing processes that correspond to the Hall effect: (1) the dawnward E × B drift of the magnetic flux and magnetized ions and electrons and (2) the transient motion of the unmagnetized ions which do not execute E × B drift.
Observations of turbulence in a Kelvin‐Helmholtz event on 8 September 2015 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission
Authors: Stawarz J. E. , Eriksson S. , Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Schwartz S. J. , Pouquet A. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Contel O. Le , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Magnes W. , Pollock C. J. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B. , Avanov L. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Eastwood J. P. , Gershman D. J. , Goodrich K. A. , Malaspina D. M. , Marklund G. T. , Mirioni L. , Sturner A. P.
Published: November 2016

Spatial and high‐time‐resolution properties of the velocities, magnetic field, and 3‐D electric field within plasma turbulence are examined observationally using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. Observations from a Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) on the Earth's magnetopause are examined, which both provides a series of repeatable intervals to analyze, giving better statistics, and provides a first look at the properties of turbulence in the KHI. For the first time direct observations of both the high‐frequency ion and electron velocity spectra are examined, showing differing ion and electron behavior at kinetic scales. Temporal spectra exhibit power law behavior with changes in slope near the ion gyrofrequency and lower hybrid frequency. The work provides the first observational evidence for turbulent intermittency and anisotropy consistent with quasi two‐dimensional turbulence in association with the KHI. The behavior of kinetic‐scale intermittency is found to have differences from previous studies of solar wind turbulence, leading to novel insights on the turbulent dynamics in the KHI.
Evolution of the upper tropospheric outflow in Hurricanes Iselle and Julio (2014) in the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) analyses and in satellite and dropsonde observations
Authors: Barrett Bradford S. , Sanabia Elizabeth R. , Reynolds Sara C. , Stapleton Julie K. , Borrego Anthony L.
Published: November 2016

Upper tropospheric outflow was examined during the life cycles of two hurricanes in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. The outflow from Hurricanes Iselle and Julio was evaluated by using analyses from the Navy Global Environmental Model, which were very highly correlated with satellite atmospheric motion vector and NOAA G‐IV dropsonde observations. A synoptic overview provided the environmental context for the life cycles of both tropical cyclones (TCs). Then, the outflow magnitude and direction within 6 radial degrees of each TC center were analyzed in relation to TC intensity, the synoptic environment, and inertial stability, with the following results. In both Iselle and Julio, the azimuthally averaged outflow magnitude was maximized initially more than 4 radial degrees from the center, and that maximum moved steadily inward during a 4 day intensification period and reached a position radially inward of 2° within 6 h of the time of maximum surface winds. Furthermore, the direction of the outflow in both TCs was related to the evolution of the large‐scale upper tropospheric flow pattern, particularly the phasing of subtropical jet ridges and troughs moving eastward north of both TCs. Finally, outflow channels were consistently bounded by regions of lowest (highest) values of inertial stability counterclockwise (clockwise) from the maximum outflow azimuth, a pattern that persisted throughout the life cycles of both storms regardless of intensity, environmental flow, and the number and direction of outflow channels present.
Effect of Rapid Solidification on Microstructure and Elastic Modulus of β Ti–xNb–3Fe Alloys for Implant Applications
Authors: Afonso Conrado R. M. , Chaves Javier M. , Florêncio Odila
Published: November 2016

The tendency of increasing in life expectancy leads to the development of new materials, especially metallic biomaterials for implant applications. This work aims the rapid solidification and characterization of microstructure and properties of Ti‐Nb‐Fe alloys for biomedical implants. The Ti‐xNb‐3Fe alloys (x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 wt.%) were prepared in the arc melting and then copper mold cast in cylinder and plate shape. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elastic modulus lowered with Nb addition (for Ti‐10Nb‐3Fe alloy E = 77 GPa) and greater stability of β phase, lowering to ∼ 70 GPa for 15wt.%Nb and even more for 35wt.%Nb (E = 62 GPa). These results represent a low elastic modulus for a β‐Ti alloy with relatively low addition of β‐stabilizing elements (Nb and Fe).
Katalytische asymmetrische reduktive Kondensation von N‐H‐Iminen: Synthese von C2‐symmetrischen sekundären Aminen
Authors: Wakchaure Vijay N. , List Benjamin
Published: November 2016

Eine hoch diastereoselektive und enantioselektive Brønsted‐Säure katalysierte reduktive Kondensation von N‐H‐Iminen wurde entwickelt. Die Reaktion wird von einem chiralen Disulfonimid (DSI) katalysiert, verwendet Hantzsch‐Ester als Wasserstoffquelle und liefert nützliche C2‐symmetrische Amine.
Polymer ferroelectret based on polypropylene foam: Piezoelectric properties improvement using post‐processing thermomechanical treatment
Authors: Mohebbi Abolfazl , Mighri Frej , Ajji Abdellah , Rodrigue Denis
Published: November 2016

In this work, the effect of post‐processing parameters (time, temperature, and pressure) on the morphology as well as mechanical and piezoelectric properties of foamed polypropylene (PP) films were studied. Two different post‐processing methods, based on the saturation of a foamed film with supercritical nitrogen (N2), were used to obtain an optimized eye‐like cellular structure with a high cell aspect ratio (AR). The results showed that, when the PP‐foamed films were exposed to a gradual temperature and pressure increase, an appropriate cellular structure with high AR value (about 6.6) was obtained. This structure led to a high quasi‐static piezoelectric d33 coefficient of 800 pC/N (45% higher than for untreated ones) indicating the importance of the post‐processing treatment on the piezoelectric behavior of these films. On the other hand, when the treatment was performed in steps, cell morphology changed from an eye‐like to a less elongated shape, resulting in lower d33 values. The tensile characterization showed that higher cell aspect ratio led to lower Young's modulus, which is suitable to achieve higher piezoelectric properties. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used as a simple method to correlate mechanical and piezoelectric properties of cellular PP. This was done via the ratio of the storage moduli in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which is directly related to film anisotropy (AR value) and thus to the piezoelectric behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44577.
Prevalence of neural tube defects in a rural area of north india from 2001 to 2014: A population‐based survey
Authors: Kant Shashi , Malhotra Sumit , Singh Arvind Kumar , Haldar Partha , Kaur Ravneet , Misra Puneet , Gupta Neerja
Published: November 2016

Background

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the commonest birth defects. There was paucity of community‐based data on occurrence of NTDs in India, especially from rural parts of the country. Against this background, the current study was carried out with main objectives to determine the prevalence of NTDs and its specific types (anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele) in a rural community setting over the time period 2001 to 2014.

Methods

This was a community‐based cross‐sectional study carried out in 28 villages of Ballabgarh Tehsil of Faridabad district in north India (population ∼ 96,000). A household survey was undertaken by trained multi‐purpose workers who enquired ever‐married women about history of conception with outcome as NTD during the study period. The probable case of NTD was determined using a colored pictorial card with photographs of different types of NTDs. These cases were confirmed by doctors.

Results

A total of 26,946 live births occurred during the years 2001 to 2014. A total of 140 confirmed cases of NTDs were identified. The live birth prevalence of NTDs was 24.1 per 10,000 live births (95% confidence interval, 18.8–30.6). The birth prevalence of NTDs for the years 2008 to 2014 was 50.8 (95% confidence interval, 39.9–63.8) per 10,000 live and stillbirths. The most common type of NTD was found to be spina bifida followed by anencephaly and encephalocele.

Conclusion

We found high prevalence of NTDs in rural community settings from north India for years 2001 to 2014.Birth Defects Research 109:203–210, 2017.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of carbon quantum dots based high photostability luminescent membranes
Authors: Zhao Jinxing , Liu Cui , Li Yunchuan , Liang Jiyuan , Liu Jiyan , Qian Tonghui , Ding Jianjun , Cao Yuan‐Cheng
Published: November 2016

Urethane acrylate (UA) was used to prepare carbon quantum dots (C‐dots) luminescent membranes and the resultants were examined with FT‐IR, mechanical strength, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and quantum yields (QYs). FT‐IR results showed the polyurethane acrylate (PUA) prepolymer –C = C‐vibration at 1101 cm−1 disappeared but there was strong vibration at1687cm−1which was contributed from the–C = O groups in cross‐linking PUA. Mechanical strength results showed that the different quantity of C‐dots loadings and UV‐curing time affect the strength. SEM observations on the cross‐sections of the membranes are uniform and have no structural defects, which prove that the C‐dots are compatible with the water‐soluble PUA resin. The C‐dot loading was increased from 0 to 1 g, the maximum tensile stress was nearly 2.67 MPa, but the tensile strain was decreased from 23.4% to 15.1% and 7.2% respectively. QYs results showed that the C‐dots in the membrane were stable after 120 h continuous irradiation. Therefore, the C‐dots photoluminescent film is the promising material for the flexible devices in the future applications.
Identification of active constraints in dynamic flux balance analysis
Authors: Nikdel Ali , Budman Hector
Published: November 2016

This study deals with the calibration of dynamic metabolic flux models that are formulated as the maximization of an objective subject to constraints. Two approaches were applied for identifying the constraints from data. In the first approach a minimal active number of limiting constraints is found based on data that are assumed to be bounded within sets whereas, in the second approach, the limiting constraints are found based on parametric sensitivity analysis. The ability of these approaches to finding the active limiting constraints was verified through their application to two case studies: an in‐silico (simulated) data‐based study describing the growth of E. coli and an experimental data‐based study for Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis). © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:26–36, 2017
(η5‐Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium Complex Catalyzed Imine Reductions Utilizing the Biomimetic 1,4‐NAD(P)H Cofactor and N‐Benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide as the Hydride‐Transfer Agent
Authors: Soetens Mathieu , Drouet Fleur , Riant Olivier
Published: November 2016

The interaction between synthetic organometallic complexes and metabolic cofactors has proven to be a newly emerging topic in bioorganometallic chemistry. Thus, the first cationic Cp*Ir‐catalyzed (Cp*=η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) imine reduction in neutral buffered aqueous medium was examined. The reaction was found to proceed through hydride transfer from NADH as the hydride source at room temperature in air. Cationic Cp*Ir complexes proved to be the most efficient catalysts for this transformation. We also highlighted that the choice of the proton source was essential. The method was subsequently applied to cyclic and noncyclic imines. Eventually, the concept was extended to the reductive alkylation of one amine.
Innovative, Non‐Corrosive LiTFSI Cyanoester‐Based Electrolyte for Safer 4 V Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Brox Sebastian , Röser Stephan , Streipert Benjamin , Hildebrand Stephan , Rodehorst Uta , Qi Xin , Wagner Ralf , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora
Published: November 2016

Here, we report on methyl 3‐cyanopropanoate (MCP) in combination with the conductive salt lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl imide (LiTFSI) as a safe single‐solvent electrolyte for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To investigate the extent of anodic aluminum dissolution, an innovative electrochemical technique was introduced. Long‐term full‐cell [LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111)/graphite] cycling results confirm the applicability of the LiTFSI/MCP‐based electrolyte with state‐of‐the‐art LIB active materials.
Nanoscale Fluorescent Metal–Organic Framework@Microporous Organic Polymer Composites for Enhanced Intracellular Uptake and Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Weiqi , Zheng Xiaohua , Li Zhensheng , Xie Zhigang
Published: November 2016

Polymer‐modified metal–organic frameworks combine the advantages of both soft polymers and crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). It is a big challenge to develop simple methods for surface modification of MOFs. In this work, MOF@microporous organic polymer (MOP) hybrid nanoparticles (UNP) have been synthesized by epitaxial growth of luminescent boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPYs)–imine MOPs on the surface of UiO‐MOF seeds, which exhibit low cytotoxicity, smaller size distribution, well‐retained pore integrity, and available functional sites. After folic acid grafting, the enhanced intracellular uptake and bioimaging was validated.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Arylation/Olefination of Aromatic Tethered Alkenes/Alkynes
Authors: Gao Yang , Gao Yinglan , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng , Yang Xiaobo , Liu Wenbo , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: November 2016

We describe herein a palladium‐catalyzed tandem oxidative arylation/olefination reaction of aromatic tethered alkenes/alkynes for the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans and 2 H‐chromene derivatives. This reaction features a 1,2‐difunctionalization of C−C π‐bond with two C−H bonds using O2 as terminal oxidant at room temperature. The products obtained are valuable synthons and important scaffolds in biological agents and natural products.
Clinical genomic profiling identifies TYK2 mutation and overexpression in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1‐associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Hirbe Angela C. , Kaushal Madhurima , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Dahiya Sonika , Pekmezci Melike , Perry Arie , Gutmann David H.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that arise at an estimated frequency of 8% to 13% in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Compared with their sporadic counterparts, NF1‐associated MPNSTs (NF1‐MPNSTs) develop in young adults, frequently recur (approximately 50% of cases), and carry a dismal prognosis. As such, most individuals affected with NF1‐MPNSTs die within 5 years of diagnosis, despite surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

METHODS

Clinical genomic profiling was performed using 1000 ng of DNA from 7 cases of NF1‐MPNST, and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify genes with actionable mutations.

RESULTS

A total of 3 women and 4 men with NF1‐MPNST were identified (median age, 38 years). Nonsynonymous mutations were discovered in 4 genes (neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1], ROS proto‐oncogene 1 [ROS1], tumor protein p53 [TP53], and tyrosine kinase 2 [TYK2]), which in addition were mutated in other MPNST cases in this sample set. Consistent with their occurrence in individuals with NF1, all tumors had at least 1 mutation in the NF1 gene. Whereas TP53 gene mutations are frequently observed in other cancers, ROS1 mutations are common in melanoma (15%‐35%), another neural crest‐derived malignancy. In contrast, TYK2 mutations are uncommon in other malignancies (<7%). In the current series, recurrent TYK2 mutations were identified in 2 cases of NF1‐MPNST (30% of cases), whereas TYK2 protein overexpression was observed in 60% of MPNST cases using an independently generated tissue microarray, regardless of NF1 status.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical genomic analysis of the current series of NF1‐MPNST cases found that TYK2 is a new gene mutated in MPNST. Future work will focus on examining the utility of TYK2 expression as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these cancers. Cancer 2017;123:1194–1201. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemical Coupling of Biomass‐Derived Acids: New C8 Platforms for Renewable Polymers and Fuels
Authors: Wu Linglin , Mascal Mark , Farmer Thomas J. , Arnaud Sacha Pérocheau , Wong Chang Maria‐Angelica
Published: November 2016

Electrolysis of biomass‐derived carbonyl compounds is an alternative to condensation chemistry for supplying products with chain length >C6 for biofuels and renewable materials production. Kolbe coupling of biomass‐derived levulinic acid is used to obtain 2,7‐octanedione, a new platform molecule only two low process‐intensity steps removed from raw biomass. Hydrogenation to 2,7‐octanediol provides a chiral secondary diol largely unknown to polymer chemistry, whereas intramolecular aldol condensation followed by hydrogenation yields branched cycloalkanes suitable for use as high‐octane, cellulosic gasoline. Analogous electrolysis of an itaconic acid‐derived methylsuccinic monoester yields a chiral 2,5‐dimethyladipic acid diester, another underutilized monomer owing to lack of availability.
Automated leukocyte processing by microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement
Authors: Civin Curt I. , Ward Tony , Skelley Alison M. , Gandhi Khushroo , Peilun Lee Zendra , Dosier Christopher R. , D'Silva Joseph L. , Chen Yu , Kim MinJung , Moynihan James , Chen Xiaochun , Aurich Lee , Gulnik Sergei , Brittain George C. , Recktenwald Diether J. , Austin Robert H. , Sturm James C.
Published: November 2016

We previously developed a Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) microfluidic method in silicon to separate cells of various sizes from blood (Davis et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci 2006;103:14779‐14784; Huang et al., Science 2004;304:987‐990). Here, we present the reduction‐to‐practice of this technology with a commercially produced, high precision plastic microfluidic chip‐based device designed for automated preparation of human leukocytes (white blood cells; WBCs) for flow cytometry, without centrifugation or manual handling of samples. After a human blood sample was incubated with fluorochrome‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the mixture was input to a DLD microfluidic chip (microchip) where it was driven through a micropost array designed to deflect WBCs via DLD on the basis of cell size from the Input flow stream into a buffer stream, thus separating WBCs and any larger cells from smaller cells and particles and washing them simultaneously. We developed a microfluidic cell processing protocol that recovered 88% (average) of input WBCs and removed 99.985% (average) of Input erythrocytes (red blood cells) and >99% of unbound mAb in 18 min (average). Flow cytometric evaluation of the microchip Product, with no further processing, lysis or centrifugation, revealed excellent forward and side light scattering and fluorescence characteristics of immunolabeled WBCs. These results indicate that cost‐effective plastic DLD microchips can speed and automate leukocyte processing for high quality flow cytometry analysis, and suggest their utility for multiple other research and clinical applications involving enrichment or depletion of common or rare cell types from blood or tissue samples. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Meet needs across the student life cycle with a 60‐year curriculum
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2016

Colleges and universities focus on providing degree programs for students. But students don't stop learning when they move their tassel to the other side of the mortarboard. Gary Matkin, Ph.D., dean of continuing education, distance learning, and summer sessions at the University of California, Irvine, has a vision for a 60‐year curriculum to meet students' learning needs well beyond the degree.
With perks and privilege come responsibility
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: November 2016

When I showed up at my first vice president job six years ago, I was delighted to find out I had my own parking place. I hadn't expected it. Actually I was more than delighted; I was knocked over the moon. Do you know how valuable a parking place is on a college campus? I'm sure you do. The only person I'd ever known who'd been privileged enough to have his own spot was the president. Woo hoo! Woo hoo! I had arrived.
Know how to shift gears to boost productivity, improve leadership
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2016

DALLAS — Successful leadership doesn't depend on what or how much you know, or even your IQ.
Ordered Mesoporous Silica Monoliths as a Versatile Platform for the Study of Magnetic and Photomagnetic Prussian Blue Analogue Nanoparticles
Authors: Moulin Robinson , Delahaye Emilie , Bordage Amélie , Fonda Emiliano , Baltaze Jean‐Pierre , Beaunier Patricia , Rivière Eric , Fornasieri Giulia , Bleuzen Anne
Published: November 2016

Ordered mesoporous silica monoliths were used as a versatile platform to study the effect of size reduction on the photomagnetic properties of the Rb2Co4[Fe(CN)6]3.3·nH2O Prussian blue derivative. Through the variation of the organization of the pores, the metal loading and the chemical composition of the solid matrix, it was possible to modify independently the aggregation state, the dilution and the chemical environment of the nanoparticles and to disentangle the effect of each parameter on the physical properties. The approach was first assessed by using the versatile platform to study the effect of size reduction on the magnetic properties of Prussian blue analogues, which were highly sensitive to dilution effects. Then, the approach was applied to photomagnetic nanoparticles. The photomagnetic effect in particles of nanometric dimensions is due to the photoinduced CoIII(LS)FeII→CoII(HS)FeIII electron transfer (LS = low spin, HS = high spin). The photomagnetic properties of nanoparticles are relatively insensitive to dilution effects, but the thermal relaxation of the photoexcited state is sensitive to the chemical environment of the nanoparticles.
Cytotoxic Vanadium Complexes of Branched [ONNO]‐Type Diamine Bis(phenolato) Ligands
Authors: Nahari Gilad , Reytman Lilia , Vendier Laure , Tshuva Edit Y. , Lorber Christian
Published: November 2016

Vanadium complexes are attractive potential alternatives to platinum‐based anticancer drugs. Two vanadium(V) complexes, based on a common chelating tetradentate diaminobis(phenolato) ligand featuring a branched connectivity but differing in their labile ligands, were synthesized and characterized. Whereas the isopropoxido complex was obtained as a mixture of cis and trans isomers with regard to the orientation of the labile group vs. the amine sidearm, the salicylato‐containing complex was obtained as a single trans isomer. X‐ray structures of the complexes featured octahedral geometry for both. The two complexes exhibited high cytotoxic activity toward different cancer cells, often higher than that of cisplatin, including toward cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. These complexes demonstrated rapid hydrolysis, releasing the labile ligand within several minutes, with no indications of release of free chelating ligand after water exposure, suggesting that polynuclear hydrolysis products are involved in the cellular activity.
Facile Synthesis of Graphene/Cobalt Oxide Nanohexagons for the Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Velmurugan Murugan , Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Chen Shen‐Ming , Kohila rani Karuppasamy , Wang Sea‐Fue
Published: November 2016

This work presents a simple green approach for the chemical synthesis of cobalt oxide nano hexagons (Co3O4 NHs) with an average size of 160±40 nm incorporated graphene nanosheets (GR). The techniques used to confirm the formation of GR−Co3O4 NHs are transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The dopamine (DA) sensor was fabricated by drop casting GR−Co3O4 NHs on the pre‐cleaned glassy carbon electrode (GCE). GR−Co3O4 modified GCE displayed a sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of DA compared to only GR and Co3O4 NHs modified GCE. Our fabricated sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.2 to 3443 μM with low limit of detection (84 nM) towards the determination of DA. The sensitivity of our fabricated sensor was calculated to be 108 μA mM−1 cm−2. As well, a significant storage stability, repeatability and reproducibility were attained by GR−Co3O4 NHs modified GCE. Human urine samples were targeted for the demonstration of practicality of our sensor.
Carbapenems and valproate: A consumptive relationship
Authors: Bede Peter , Lawlor Diane , Solanki Damodar , Delanty Norman
Published: November 2016

A clinical case series is presented to characterize the interaction between carbapenem antibiotics and sodium valproate. Six illustrative cases are presented in which carbapenem therapy led to the rapid depletion of serum valproate levels, and one case is presented to demonstrate the difficulty of initiating valproate therapy in patients already on meropenem. The speed of valproate depletion after the initiation of carbapenem therapy, the effect of treatment duration, clinical manifestations, delay in valproate level normalization after carbapenem therapy, the efficacy of supplemental valproate doses, and the usefulness of valproate dose escalation are evaluated. Five out of the 7 patients became acutely symptomatic owing to their subtherapeutic valproate levels. The presented cases also highlight the relatively slow normalization of valproate levels after discontinuation of the antibiotic therapy. Our cases suggest that the interaction is not absorption‐mediated because all of our patients received intravenous valproate. We observed that the introduction of alternative antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be preferable to valproate dose escalation, which is ineffective in the presence of concomitant meropenem therapy. The characterization and recognition of this interaction have implications for the management of a particularly vulnerable patient cohort.
QoS‐based resource allocation across local and public cloud for resource‐constrained mobile device
Authors: Chunlin Li , Yanpei Liu , Youlong Luo
Published: November 2016

This paper uses the hybrid cloud architecture, including the local cloud and the remote public cloud, to execute the mobile tasks with the objective of optimizing the resource allocation, while meeting the service‐level agreement requirement. Hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on‐premises private cloud and third‐party public cloud services with orchestration between the 2 platforms. The mobile application could run in private cloud, but use cloud bursting to access additional computing resources from a public cloud when computing demands spike. The proposed Quality of Service–based resource allocation optimization scheme across local and public cloud for resource‐constrained mobile device is formulated into a constrained optimization problem and further divided into 2 subproblems, ie, one for resource allocation for the local cloud and one for the remote public cloud, using the Lagrange method. The proposed Quality of Service–based resource allocation optimization algorithm across local and public cloud is proposed. Through the experiments, the performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated with other baseline algorithms. The results of the experiments show a performance improvement when compared to the approaches from the literature.