bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emoji Linguistic Functions on Facebook Interactions among Undergraduate Students at Jadara University in Jordan
Authors: Alshboul Nashat , Rababah Luqman
Published: April 2021

This study has made use of a mixed mode design where two instruments are employed namely a corpus based tool and a questionnaire. For three months, the researchers have observed Raseef Jadara Facebook website in order to explore the use of emoji in posts and comments. The results showed that five functions were emerged from the data collected, emotive, conative, phatic, poetic, referential and metalingual. Descriptive statistics were used in conducting a questionnaire in order to show the differences between male and female students in using emoji. The results showed that females prefer using emoji in their chatting or messaging. The researchers suggest further studies to be carried out on the language functions of emoji in other social media platforms Furthermore. It is recommended for other studies to be directed into investigating all language functions.
Development of Smart Human Resource Planning System within Rajabhat University
Authors: Singsungnoen Kittisak , Wannapiroon Panita , Nilsook Prachyanun
Published: April 2021

The purposes of this study were to 1) develop of Smart Human Resource Planning System within Rajabhat Universities and 2) study the results of official performance evaluations of academic staff with Smart Human Resource Planning System within Rajabhat Universities. The samples included 8 system development experts via purposive sampling and 94 academic staff by multi-stage sampling. The research tools composed of 1) performance assessment form using 5-point Likert scale for Smart Human Resource Planning within Rajabhat Universities and 2) performance evaluation form for academic staff with Smart Human Resource Planning System within Rajabhat University. The research observations were concluded into 2 ways. First, the Smart Human Resource Planning System within Rajabhat Universities development has overall performance at the high level. For instance, the efficiency of all Modula test was displayed at the high level. In addition, both System test, Usability test and Security test were shown at high level as well. Second, the response of performance evaluation form through academic staff using Smart Human Resource Planning System was all exhibited at high level. However, “The people involved with the system” assessment list with in performance evaluation form was indicated at highest level.
Laboratório colaborativo em arte e educação:processos de criação em grupo entre educadores
Authors: Salgado Ariane Alfonso Azambuja de Oliveira , Souza Bruno Ferreira de , Salles Cecília Almeida
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre os processos de criação em grupo ocorridos no projeto de educação não formal Laboratório Colaborativo em Arte e Educação, desenvolvido durante o ano de 2018 entre a galeria de arte da CAIXA Cultural Curitiba e três escolas da cidade de Curitiba. A análise é realizada a partir de documentos de processos arquivados, como fotografias, desenhos, vídeos, chats, avaliações por escrito, entre outros, que indicam os movimentos de diversos sujeitos envolvidos no projeto (professores, educadores de museus, estudantes, famílias e artistas) para a criação dos planejamentos. O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar, de um ponto de vista qualitativo, o diálogo obtido entre museu e escola. A metodologia utilizada tem como base teórica a crítica de processos criativos, de Cecília Almeida Salles; a reflexão sobre diálogo é desenvolvida a partir de Paulo Freire; e as autoras Maria da Glória Gohn e Michèle Petit sustentam os debates sobre planejamento, mediação cultural e educação não formal no campo da arte. Compreendemos a partir da pesquisa que a avaliação de uma ação educativa será tanto mais rica quanto mais documentos possuirmos para relacionar entre si e que a abertura para as transformações do planejamento durante cada experiência do projeto favoreceu a qualidade do diálogo entre as escolas e o museu e constituíram em si parte do próprio diálogo.
Evaluation of football players' actions in individual risky situations of offensive play as a model determinant of a sports game
Authors: Duda Henryk
Published: April 2021

The essence of effective training in a sports game is the use of means and forms of teaching in the organisation of a game, which most faithfully reflect the environment of the player's actual activity in natural conditions. Thus, there is a need to accurately identify the conditions of competition in a sports game. One of the types of such activities is observation, which being an elementary method of cognition, based on deliberate, targeted and intended as well as systematic perception of the studied subject, process or phenomenon. Research objective and questions The aim of the work is to assess the level of absolutely dependent cooperation (synergy) during a team sports game in changing game situations, in achieving the highest offensive objective, i.e. scoring a goal. - Is the effectiveness of achieving the highest objective of the game in offensive actions (i.e. scoring a goal) dependent on the level of player synergy? - Is the size of the conflict in the sports objective of the game dependent on creative player involvement? Material and test method - In the work, detailed observation was carried out with regard to players' actions in achieving the highest objective of the game, i.e. scoring a goal. The observation concerned analysis of 134 goals scored in 61 UEFA Champions League and European League football matches in 2009-2020. - In this study, the method of observation was used, with the possibility of repeatedly observing events being the subject of research. - In the research analysis, the use of film material of recorded games on a DVD was taken into account, where the observed effects were applied to an observation sheet. - The situations in which goals were scored and the research material comprised teams that competed in a given match. - The observation of scoring goals took the type of situation and level of interaction between players into account. Results Analysis of the obtained results can be inferred: 1. In achieving the highest objective of offensive actions, a high level of synergy prevails, requiring anticipation of events. 2. The high level of synergistic activities increases with the difficulty of situational tasks. 3. Due to the multi-faceted nature of team games, the player's training process should also affect his/her mental sphere.
Generations of Stateless People: Many Years of The Rohingya’s Personal Security at Risk and the Support of the EU
Authors: Daniel Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

The Rohingya is an ethnic-religious Muslim minority that has struggled with serious human rights violations for decades. Indian migration to Burma, stimulated by British colonial rule, is pointed to as the main cause of the Muslim-Buddhist conflict. Although Indians in Burma currently constitute a fraction of the population (2.3%), resentment remained. The aim of the article is to analyze the threats to many aspects of the personal security of the Rohingya population. It is one of the most populous groups of stateless persons in the world; moreover, since the 1960s, this ethnic group has experienced oppression on a huge scale: from restrictions related to work and movement as well as difficult access to health care and education, through deprivation of civil rights , to physical violence and even death. All this is happening in the 21st century in front of the world. In order to better understand the Rohingya conflict with the Burmese army, the historical context and the course of the conflict were presented. The assistance activities of the European Union and possible solutions to this humanitarian crisis were also indicated.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: From War to Negative Peace
Authors: Kazansky Rastislav , Musladin Marijana , Ondrejmiskova Ivana
Published: April 2021

Through the history Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a territory and as a country, has been very unstable and full of ethnical diversity; nowadays not much has changed. It is a new century, there is a new political ideology and new structures; however, the protagonists still have different ethnical backgrounds. Changing the ideology in the area of the Balkans was very difficult and followed by dispute between the people and by a bloody war. To whom the territory belongs, who was first there, and who has more right to claim that territory – these are the main questions with which nationalists and politicians rule over the whole populations. This contribution is focusing on the process of conflict transformation from violence and total war into the reduction of violence. Bosnia and Herzegovina formally applied for EU membership on 15 February 2016, following years of constitutional reforms and commitments with the Dayton Peace Agreement.
The Usefulness of Uselessness for Conservation in the Ways of Zhuangzi
Authors: Yuan Félix Landry ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

Global efforts for biodiversity conservation have gained considerable momentum in recent years. Yet much remains to be learned from the minds of the ancient past regarding perspectives on relations between society and the environment. Zhuangzi is one such figure whose works may be of high relevance to contemporary conservation. While many philosophical ideals underpinning conservation stem from a mostly westernized ethos, strategies can be expanded by non-western principles such as Zhuangzi’s. In light of IPBES’ “nature’s contributions to people” concept, a globally reaching framework for conservation, I explore the applicability of one of Zhuangzi’s central teachings; the usefulness of uselessness.
Reflections on Teaching Philosophy of Censorship
Authors: Manninen Tuomas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This paper describes a newly-developed course titled Philosophy of Censorship. Developed out of materials covered in an applied ethics course, this course seeks to improve the students’ understanding about the rights to free expression, and the ways in which these rights are—sometimes necessarily—curtailed in the contemporary society. In studying J. S. Mill’s prominent argument for freedom of thought and expression, the course analyzes the argument for its strength and applicability, when it comes to frequently challenged forms of expression, such as pornography and hate speech. Moreover, the course looks into alternative arguments that aim to safeguard individuals’ right to free speech, including non-consequentialist arguments. The course also strives to keep current with contemporary discussions of freedom of expression and censorship.
Promoting Good Research Practices—Taking Responsibility for the Researchers of Tomorrow
Authors: Johansson Westholm Lena , Månsson Niclas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

In respect to the increased number of cases of research misconduct in Sweden, especially the Macchiarini case, a new national ethics legislation has been adopted. Following the previous and new legal acts and the Higher Ordinance for studies, Swedish universities have established qualitative measures to make sure that PhD students have knowledge about research ethics when graduating, for instance through offering third-cycle courses in research ethics. In this article, we describe how a Swedish university has been working with such a course to promote good research practice and ethical integrity to the researchers of tomorrow. We are doing this by describing the course structure and content, its outcome in relation to the legislation concerning misconduct in research and ethics within research, as a conscious reflection on research and its consequences. The results indicate that the course is in alignment with other scientists and/or rules and regulations.
Cool, absorbing, obvious: uma perspectiva semiótica da marca Pantys
Authors: Dal Bello Letícia Casagrande , Duarte Pauliane Goularte , Scóz Murilo
Published: April 2021

Com uso dos conceitos da semiótica greimasiana, este artigo analisa o vídeo institucional presente no site da marca Pantys, tendo o intuito de identificar o discurso desta por meio de uma de suas manifestações. Utilizou-se dos níveis do percurso gerativo do sentido para realizar a análise, bem como das categorias do plano da expressão e o semissimbolismo.
A self-audit of the NIST Public Data Repository using the CoreTrustSeal trustworthy data repositories requirements
Authors: Medina-Smith Andrea
Published: April 2021

In February 2020, Office of Data and Informatics Group Lead Gretchen Greene asked Metadata Librarian Andrea Medina-Smith to perform a CoreTrustSeal (CTS) self-audit of the Public Data Repository (PDR) in preparation for submitting an application for the CoreTrustSeal Certification. This certification is a lightweight, but thorough assessment of a given data repository's policies, documentation, and technical infrastructure supporting 16 required elements of assessment. The requirements are broadly split into the following themes: background information, organizational infrastructure, digital object management, and technology. These elements together form a picture of the trustworthiness of the data repository. The following self-audit report is a snapshot of where the PDR stands as of August 2020.
Students’ understanding of axial and central symmetry
Authors: Moravcová Vlasta , Robová Jarmila , Hromadová Jana , Halas Zdeněk
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on students’ understanding of the concepts of axial and central symmetries in a plane. Attention is paid to whether students of various ages identify a non-model of an axially symmetrical figure, know that a line segment has two axes of symmetry and a circle has an infinite number of symmetry axes, and are able to construct an image of a given figure in central symmetry. The results presented here were obtained by a quantitative analysis of tests given to nearly 1,500 Czech students, including pre-service mathematics teachers. The paper presents the statistics of the students’ answers, discusses the students’ thought processes and presents some of the students’ original solutions. The data obtained are also analysed with regard to gender differences and to the type of school that students attend. The results show that students have two principal misconceptions: that a rhomboid is an axially symmetrical figure and that a line segment has just one axis of symmetry. Moreover, many of the tested students confused axial and central symmetry. Finally, the possible causes of these errors are considered and recommendations for preventing these errors are given.
La protection des consommateurs de services et produits financiers au Québec : constats tirés de l’analyse économique comportementale du droit
Authors: Jean-Bouchard Évelyne , Cachecho Maya
Published: April 2021

Dans le cadre du projet Accès au Droit et à la Justice (ADAJ), le chantier de recherche mené sur le thème de la protection des consommateurs de produits et services financiers est né à la suite d’une série d’entretiens effectués au cours des années 2018 et 2019 auprès des acteurs clés du domaine. Ces données empiriques ont été analysées à la lumière de l’économie comportementale du droit. Cette approche souligne l’existence de divers biais cognitifs chez les individus, c’est-à-dire des déviations systématiques et prévisibles de la rationalité qui affectent de manière significative leur jugement et leur prise de décision. Les biais cognitifs sont associés au « système 1 » dans le double processus du jugement humain, un système rapide, automatique et fortement dépendant du contexte.

Les enjeux liés à l’achat et à la vente de produits financiers se caractérisent par une complexité des produits et des contrats ainsi que par le manque de connaissances des consommateurs et des conseillers. Cette complexité entraîne alors une prévalence de certains biais cognitifs chez les consommateurs, qui varient selon leur âge et leur expérience. En effet, les biais cognitifs sont généralement utilisés afin de traiter et de filtrer une surcharge d’information ou pour donner un sens à des éléments complexes et fractionnés. Les biais affectent non seulement la perception du risque chez les consommateurs, mais les poussent aussi à prendre des décisions mal adaptées à leur situation. Les conseillers et les courtiers peuvent jouer un rôle essentiel dans la mitigation de plusieurs de ces biais, si les outils et les pratiques mises en place attirent l’attention des consommateurs aux éléments les plus importants sur lesquels ces derniers doivent fonder leur décision d’achat.
L’assurance vie : un atout pour lutter contre la pauvreté monétaire des travailleurs dans la CEMAC
Authors: Ngono Jean Francky Landry
Published: April 2021

L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer l’effet de l’assurance vie sur la pauvreté monétaire des travailleurs dans la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale (CEMAC). Pour ce faire, les données issues de la Banque mondiale (2019), du Programme des Nations Unies (PNUD, 2018) et de Global Financial Development Database (2019) ont justifié une période d’étude qui va de 2007 à 2017. L’estimation du modèle retenu dans ces travaux s’est faite, par les moindres carrés à variables indicatrices ensuite corrigés des problèmes d’hétéroscédasticité et d’autocorrélation des termes d’erreurs par le panel corrected standard error (PCSE) et les moindres carrés réalisables (FGLS), puis par la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) et les doubles moindres carrés (IV). À la suite de quoi il ressort premièrement que l’assurance vie permet de réduire significativement le pourcentage de travailleurs pauvres dans la CEMAC. Et dans un second temps, il ressort que l’éducation est un levier important pour combattre la précarité des travailleurs de cette sous-région. Enfin, les résultats montrent qu’un salaire élevé, la stabilité politique et une hausse du taux de croissance du produit intérieur brut (PIB) par tête réduisent aussi le pourcentage de travailleurs pauvres dans la CEMAC.
Kalsiyum Hipofosfit ve Magnezyum Hipofosfit Emdirilmiş Jüt Elyaf Katkılı Poli (Laktik Asit) Biyokompozitlerinin Isıl Ve Güç Tutuşurluk Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Atabek Savaş Lemiye , Erdem Ayşegül , Kaplan Alperen , Dogan Mehmet
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal and flammability properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with calcium hypophosphite (CHP) and magnesium hypophosphite (MHP) impregnated jute fiber (JE). For this purpose,biocomposites were produced by adding the jute fibers (JEs), which are treated separately with 5% and 10% CHP and MHP solutions and dried, to the PLA at a constant rate (20% wt) by melt blending method. Thermal properties of the PLA biocomposites produced were evaluated by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), also their flammability properties were investigated by using limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical (UL-94V) and horizontal burning (UL-94HB) tests. As a result of the TGA tests, it was determined that the addition of JEs impregnated with CHP and MHP, the thermal stability and char residue amount of PLA biocomposites increased, and consequently the flame retardancy of the composites were also improved. From the LOI test results, it was observed that the LOI values of PLA biocomposites increased as the percentage of hypophosphites in the JE treatment solution increased. UL-94V and UL-94HB tests indicate that PLA biocomposite reinforced with JEs treated with 10% wt CHP has the highest flame retardancy performance.
Effects of Age and Travel on National Football League Quarterback Performance: A Correlational Study
Authors: Morvant Brett A. , Heintz Elizabeth C. , Foreman Jeremy J.
Published: April 2021

Background: Long-distance travel is common for professional athletes; thus, the impact of jet-lag on athletic performance is a relevant topic. Additionally, older individuals take longer to recover from exercise and post-travel fatigue; therefore, it is likely that age and travel affect performance. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of age and travel on NFL quarterback performance. Method: A correlational research design is used to examine the effects of age and travel on NFL quarterback performance. Data were collected from pro-football-reference.com. Quarterback ratings from the 2018 NFL season are analyzed with age, distance traveled, season week, and weeks since the team’s bye week. The interaction of age and distance is also included to examine the impact of the age-distance relationship on performance. Regression analysis is used to predict quarterback ratings. Results: Season week (p = 0.04), weeks since a bye week (p = 0.041), and distance traveled (p = 0.031) have negative effects on quarterback ratings. The age-performance relationship in NFL quarterbacks is non-linear (p = 0.018), with quarterback performance decreasing during an athlete’s 20s and then increasing during an athlete’s 30s. Additionally, ratings of younger quarterbacks decrease with farther distances traveled, while the ratings of older quarterbacks increase with farther distances traveled (p = 0.072). Conclusions: Differences in performance by age with travel may be the result of different severities of jet-lag symptoms experienced by younger and older quarterbacks, as well differences in strategies for managing post-travel fatigue by athletes of different ages.
The General, His Fandom, and a Participatory Pandemic
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria, Ilieva Angelina
Published: April 2021

In February 2020, the Bulgarian government established the National Operational Headquarters for Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bulgaria. General Ventsislav Mutafchiyski, a military doctor, professor at the Military Medical Academy in Sofia, was appointed as its chairman. This paper presents a case study on the public image of Ventsislav Mutafchiyski, its readings and interpretations by the audience, and the specific fan culture that emerged around his media persona during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria. Placed in the spotlight of the media at the very beginning of the crisis, Mutafchiyski became extremely popular as the public figure most strongly associated with the fight against the spread of the disease in the country. Around his media persona, shaped in the public imagination as a wartime leader, a fan culture has grown with all its characteristic features and dimensions: fans and anti-fans, affirmative and transformative fandom. As a fictional character, Mutafchiyski has appeared in numerous forms of vernacular creativity: poems, songs, material objects, jokes, fake news, conspiracy theories, and memes. In this way, the General has become the main character of Bulgarian pandemic folklore and the focal point of a participatory pandemic.
Introduction into Health-Related Folklore and Its Research: From First-Hand Experiences to Second-Hand Narrating Models
Authors:   Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Hiiemäe Reet
Published: April 2021

y accentuating the central keywords and observations of the articles published in this special journal issue, the author – situating the articles in a broader theoretical framework – offers a glimpse at the role of the humanities in the research of the realm of health in such a unique period as the Covid-19 pandemic. The author concludes that based on the complexity of the topic (its physical and mental, individual and collective angles, impact of the mass media and partly recycled narrative models), health research needs to take into consideration the topic’s social, narrative, religious, belief, and other aspects in a nuanced way, and here folkloristic and medical anthropological approach with its specialized methodology and empirical groundedness can offer significant added value.
Non-immunological Contact Urticaria (NICU) due to Ethanol Containing Hand Sanitiser: A Case Report
Authors: Bansod Shashank , Madke Bhushan
Published: April 2021

Contact Urticaria (CU) is a wheal and flare reaction, occurring within few minutes to hours of contact to an external agent over skin or mucosa. Depending on underlying pathophysiology, CU is of two types: immunological CU and non-immunological CU. Use of hand sanitisers has increased multifold in this COVID-19 pandemic, due to increased awareness regarding maintaining a good hygiene to reduce the transmission of infection. This present case is a 24-year-old man, who overzealously added ethanol-based hand sanitiser to his bathing water on the advice of a general physician and after bathing developed redness, swelling and itching on various body parts. A diagnosis of Non-immunological CU (NICU) due to ethanol in sanitiser was made, based on history and clinical examination.
ПОДАРОК ОТ «ЛУННОЙ ПРИНЦЕССЫ», "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Лисов И.А.
Published: April 2021

В ночь с 16 на 17 ноября 2020 г. в холодной гобийской степи совершил посадку возвращаемый аппарат китайского комплекса «Чанъэ-5» с герметичной капсулой, в которой было 1.73 кг лунного грунта. Такая «посылка» пришла адресатам на Земле в первый раз после 44-летнего перерыва.
МАККИЛВИ Г. БАСТАРДНЫЙ ФЕОДАЛИЗМ, АНГЛИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО И ПРАВО: ЛИВРЕЙНЫЕ СТАТУТЫ 1390–1520 гг. ВУДБРИДЖ: Бойделл и Бревер, 2020. XII, 249 с., "Средние века"
Authors: Праздников А.Г.
Published: April 2021

«Бастардный феодализм» – система патронажно-клиентальных связей, существовавшая в Англии позднего Средневековья, противопоставляемая вассально-сеньориальным отношениям классического феодализма. Актуальным является вопрос о степени распространения данного явления. В рецензируемой книге «бастардный феодализм» анализируется на основе архивов Суда Королевской Скамьи.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ВОЛН ЦУНАМИ В КЕРЧЕНСКОМ ПРОЛИВЕ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Белоконь А.Ю. , Фомин В.В.
Published: April 2021

Выполнено численное моделирование распространения волн цунами из нескольких сейсмических очагов Азово-Черноморского бассейна, представляющих потенциальную опасность для Керченского пролива. На первом этапе для всего Азово-Черноморского бассейна моделировалась эволюция четырех модельных очагов генерации цунами — два ближайших к проливу очага в Черном и Азовском морях, удаленный черноморский очаг, а также очаг, подобный тому, который вызвал Ялтинское землетрясение 12 сентября 1927 г. Начальные условия задавались в виде эллиптического возвышения уровня моря, параметры эллипса находились по эмпирическим формулам, соответствующим землетрясению с магнитудой 7. Для указанных очагов проанализированы мареограммы на входе в пролив со стороны Черного и Азовского моря. Показано, что на входе в пролив черноморские цунами обладают меньшими периодами по сравнению с азовоморскими. На втором этапе на сетке с высоким разрешением моделировалось проникновение волн цунами в Керченский пролив. В качестве краевых условий на жидких границах пролива использовались модельные данные из первого этапа. Выявленные области максимального повышения уровня моря расположены вдоль побережья пролива при распространении волн как со стороны Черного, так и из Азовского моря. Показано, что остров Тузла оказывает блокирующее влияние на распространение цунами в проливе.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ КОРОТКОПЕРИОДНЫХ ВНУТРЕННИХ ВОЛН КУРИЛО-КАМЧАТСКОГО РЕГИОНА ПО ДАННЫМ СПУТНИКОВЫХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ В ЛЕТНИЙ ПЕРИОД, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Свергун Е. И. , Зимин А.В. , Лазуткина Е.С.
Published: April 2021

Анализируется пространственная и временная изменчивость характеристик поверхностных проявлений короткопериодных внутренних волн на акватории тихоокеанского шельфа Курило-Камчатского региона, полученные по результатам анализа спутниковых изображений радиолокатора Sentinel-1 за летний период 2019 года. На 205 спутниковых снимках обнаружено 927 проявлений пакетов внутренних волн, содержащих от 3 до 18 волн в пакете. Длины волн внутри пакета варьировали от 80 до 1900 метров, при среднем значении в 400 метров. Фронт лидирующего гребня цуга волн имел размеры от 2 до 70 км, составляя в среднем 14 км. Минимальное число волн зарегистрировано в первой половине июня, а максимальное – в первой половине июля. Выявлены районы постоянной встречаемости проявлений внутренних волн в летний период: в южной части Курильской гряды (около островов Кунашир и Зеленый), около Тихоокеанского побережья Камчатского полуострова (Камчатский и Кроноцкий заливы). Также выделена область частого проявления волн в средней и северной частях Курильской гряды (над хребтом Витязь в районе островов Онекотан и Матуа), где интенсивность их проявления подвержена внутрисезонной изменчивости. Во всех отмеченных очагах генерации выделяется два преобладающих направления распространения пакетов волн: на восток и запад. На конкретных примерах с привлечением оптических изображений спектрорадиометра Landsat-8 показано, что в Курило-Камчатском регионе внутренние волны могут генерироваться как приливной динамикой, так и вихревыми структурами.
АНАЛИЗ ЭПИЗООТИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ РЫБ ДЕЛЬТЫ ДОНА И ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ ТАГАНРОГСКОГО ЗАЛИВА В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Казарникова А.В.
Published: April 2021

Обобщены сведения по зараженности паразитами сельди Alosa immaculate, тарани Rutilus rutilus, судака Sander lucioperca, сазана Cyprinus carpio, карася серебряного Carassius gibelio, леща Abramis brama, бычка-сирмана Ponticola syrman, бычка-песочника Neogobius fluviatilis, бычка-кругляка N. melanostomum на основании собственных и литературных данных. Спектр паразитических организмов у рыб в дельте р. Дон и восточной части Таганрогского залива в 2019–2020 гг. включал представителей 9 классов: по 1 виду Myxrosporea, Peritricha, Bivalvia, по 3 вида Myxosporidia и Cestoda, 10 видов Monogenea, 6 видов Trematoda, 4 вида Nematoda и 5 видов Crustacea. В общей сложности у представителей азовской ихтиофауны выявлено 33 вида и не определенных до вида паразитов, из которых доминирующее положение (81 %) занимали пресноводные виды. Состав паразитов обследованных рыб отличался низким видовым разнообразием, количественные показатели – широкой вариабельностью. Выявлены потенциально патогенные для здоровья рыб виды (Myxobolus sandrae, Dactylogyrus extensus, D. vastator, Diplozoon paradoxum, Gyrodactylus sprostonae, Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Caryophyllaeus laticeps, Khawia sinensis, Diplostomum spathaceum, Unionidae gen. sp., Achtheres percarum). Дан анализ эпизоотологической ситуации в дельте р. Дон и в восточной части Таганрогского залива и выделены возбудители, вызывающие заболевания рыб (Ligula intestinalis, Digramma interrupta), животных и человека (Apophallus donicus, Cryptocotyle concava, C. lingua, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Eustrongylides excisus).
СРАВНЕНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ РЕНТГЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ИНФИЛЬТРАТИВНОГО И ДИССЕМИНИРОВАННОГО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА ЛЕГКИХ ПО ДАННЫМ КТ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ОБЗОРНОЙ РЕНТГЕНОГРАФИИ ОРГАНОВ ГРУДНОЙ КЛЕТКИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Яцукова А.В. , Бабаева И.Ю. , Шаполовский В.С. , Шаполовская А.С. , Яцуков А.В. , Жукова Д.Ю.
Published: April 2021

Анализ эпидемической ситуации свидетельствует о позднем выявлении больных туберкулезом легких (ТБЛ), это связывают как с низким уровнем настороженности по туберкулезу (ТБ), так и с ошибками врачей общей лечебной сети при диагностике ТБ. Цель исследования: сравнить динамику течения инфильтративного и диссеминированного ТБЛ по данным компьютерной томографии (КТ) и обзорной рентгенографии органов грудной клетки (ОГК) пациентов с ТБЛ с оценкой особенностей рентгенологической картины заболевания, а также сравнительная оценка информативности рентгенологических методов исследования в динамике ТБЛ. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 200 историй болезни рентгенограмм и КТ ОГК пациентов с инфильтративным и диссеминированным ТБЛ. По полученным данным обзорной рентгенографии и КТ ОГК делаем вывод, что применение КТ ОГК позволяет более точно, чем рентгенография, выявлять дополнительную информацию о наличии остаточных туберкулезных изменений.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КАРДИОПРОТЕКТИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ: В ФОКУСЕ ПАЦИЕНТЫ С ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ И ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Багишева Н.В. , Мордык А.В. , Моисеева М.В. , Нестерова К.И. , Небесная Е.Ю. , Филипенко Г.В. , Ароян А.Р. , Батищева Т.Л. , Андреева И.А.
Published: April 2021

В статье приводится оценка применения различных комбинаций кардиопротективных препаратов с целью выявления наиболее эффективных у пациентов с наличием сочетанной бронхолегочной и сердечно-сосудистой патологии. В исследовании приняли участие 80 пациентов, проходивших лечение по поводу туберкулеза (ТБ) легких, имеющих в анамнезе хроническую обструктивную болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) и признаки хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) с сохраненной фракцией выброса (ФВ). Пациенты были разделены на 4 группы в зависимости от выбранной комбинации препаратов. Сравнительный анализ, проводимый по клиническим и инструментальным параметрам, указал на необходимость внедрения индивидуализированного подхода в назначении терапии в связи с поливалентностью проявлений трех нозологий.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И РЕНТАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ МАССОВОГО ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО ФЛЮОРОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ), "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Кравченко А.Ф. , Шепелева Л.П.
Published: April 2021

За период наблюдения с 2010 по 2019 г. в Республике Саха (Якутия) отмечается устойчивая тенденция к снижению на 29,04% (p < 0,001) абсолютного числа впервые выявленных больных туберкулезом (ТБ) и повышение фактического охвата выполнением флюорографического (ФЛГ) обследования населения на 23,9% (p < 0,001). Увеличение доли охвата ФЛГ обследованием населения, подлежащего, но ранее не охваченного массовым профилактическим ФЛГ осмотром, за весь период наблюдения составило 51,8% (p < 0,001). Выявление больных ТБ из числа охваченных ежегодными профилактическими ФЛГ осмотрами увеличилось на 23,05% (p < 0,001), а также самообращение пациентов из числа ранее не охваченных ФЛГ обследованием снизилось на 39,5% (p < 0,05). При сравнительном анализе охвата населения плановым ФЛГ осмотром, который утверждается Министерством здравоохранения республики, и охвата фактическими ФЛГ обследованиями подлежащего населения не установлено существенных различий (p > 0,05) как на выявление больных ТБ при профилактических ФЛГ осмотрах, так и при самообращении пациентов в медицинские организации. Темп убыли выявления флюороположительных лиц в целом по республике составил 46,5% (p < 0,001). При этом выявление различной патологии органов грудной клетки (4540,50 ± 1306,91) оказалось в 14,3 раз выше, чем туберкулеза (337,87 ± 11,85). Выявление же туберкулеза (337,87 ± 11,85) и онкопатологии (226,50 ± 15,24) при проведении массовых профилактических ФЛГ осмотрах не имели существенных различий (p > 0,05). В целом выявление патологии органов грудной клетки (ОГК) при проведении массовых ФЛГ осмотров на 1000 обследований, за исключением ТБ, составило 8,20 ± 2,80 случаев, в то время как ТБ – 0,57 ± 0,90 (t = 7,90; p < 0,001). Ежегодно на ФЛГ обследование населения республики, без учета накладных расходов, в среднем было затрачено 169,9 млн руб., при обследовании флюороположительных лиц на установление заболевания ТБ – 4,7 млн руб. Таким образом, стоимость выявления одного больного ТБ без учета накладных расходов составила 545,4 тыс. руб. Профилактические ФЛГ обследования населения являются малорентабельными, но позволяют мониторировать в целом эпидемиологическую ситуацию по ТБ и своевременно принимать меры по ее стабилизации, косвенно отслеживать миграционные процессы населения.
МЕТОДЫ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ МИКОБАКТЕРИЙ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Ларионова Е.Е. , Андреевская С.Н. , Смирнова Т.Г. , Севастьянова Е.В. , Черноусова Л.Н.
Published: April 2021

Приведен обзор методик, применяемых для идентификации микроорганизмов, принадлежащих к микобактериям туберкулезного комплекса и нетуберкулезных микобактерий. Описаны технологические особенности применяемых методов идентификации. Предложен порядок действий исполнителя для решения задачи по идентификации микобактерий.
ST6GalNAc‐I promotes lung cancer metastasis by altering MUC5AC sialylation
Authors: Lakshmanan Imayavaramban , Chaudhary Sanjib , Vengoji Raghupathy , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Carmicheal Joseph , Jahan Rahat , Atri Pranita , Chirravuri‐Venkata Ramakanth , Gupta Rohitesh , Marimuthu Saravanakumar , Perumal Naveenkumar , Rauth Sanchita , Kaur Sukhwinder , Mallya Kavita , Smith Lynette M. , Lele Subodh M. , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Nasser Mohd W. , Salgia Ravi , Batra Surinder K. , Ganti Apar Kishor
Published: April 2021

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of metastasis are poorly understood. Understanding the biology of LC metastasis is critical to unveil the molecular mechanisms for designing targeted therapies. We developed two genetically engineered LC mouse models KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Ad‐Cre (KPA) and KrasG12D/+; Ad‐Cre (KA). Survival analysis showed significantly (P = 0.0049) shorter survival in KPA tumor‐bearing mice as compared to KA, suggesting the aggressiveness of the model. Our transcriptomic data showed high expression of N‐acetylgalactosaminide alpha‐2, 6‐sialyltransferase 1 (St6galnac‐I) in KPA compared to KA tumors. ST6GalNAc‐I is an O‐glycosyltransferase, which catalyzes the addition of sialic acid to the initiating GalNAc residues forming sialyl Tn (STn) on glycoproteins, such as mucins. Ectopic expression of species‐specific p53 mutants in the syngeneic mouse and human LC cells led to increased cell migration and high expression of ST6GalNAc‐I, STn, and MUC5AC. Immunoprecipitation of MUC5AC in the ectopically expressing p53R175H cells exhibited higher affinity toward STn. In addition, ST6GalNAc‐I knockout (KO) cells also showed decreased migration, possibly due to reduced glycosylation of MUC5AC as observed by low STn on the glycoprotein. Interestingly, ST6GalNAc‐I KO cells injected mice developed less liver metastasis (P = 0.01) compared to controls, while colocalization of MUC5AC and STn was observed in the liver metastatic tissues of control mice. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that mutant p53R175H mediates ST6GalNAc‐I expression, leading to the sialyation of MUC5AC, and thus contribute to LC liver metastasis.
Development of dynamic moisture content measurement system for wooden members exposed to fire heating
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuro , Hasemi Yuji , Kamikawa Daisuke , Yasui Noboru , Kaku Chihiro , Suzuki Jun‐Ichi
Published: April 2021

In this study, a small sensor for the dynamic measurement of the local moisture content within a wooden member exposed to fire heating is developed. The measurement is based on the unique dependence of the electrical resistance of wood on moisture content and temperature. These relationships are observed experimentally at temperatures between 20°C and 90°C, and moisture content between 6.9% and 232.8%, for Cryptomeria japonica, Larix leptolepis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Zelkova serrata. The electrical resistance is represented with the temperature and moisture content for each tree species. The measurement is found to be the most effective within the moisture content of 10%‐30%.
Rhodoplanes
Authors: Hiraishi Akira , Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: April 2021

Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n.
rhodon
rose; Gr. masc. n.
planos
a wanderer; N.L. masc. n.
Rhodoplanes
a red wanderer.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes

The genus
Rhodoplanes
accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family
Hyphomicrobiaceae
of the order
Rhizobiales
within the class
Alphaproteobacteria
. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight‐chain, monounsaturated C
18:1
ω7
c
is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C
16:0
is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q‐10 and RQ‐10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.2–70.4.

Type species
:
Rhodoplanes roseus
Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (
Rhodopseudomonas rosea
Janssen and Harfoot 1991).
Modeling and Understanding the Compact Performance of h‐BN Dual‐Gated ReS2 Transistor
Authors: Lee Kookjin , Choi Junhee , Kaczer Ben , Grill Alexander , Lee Jae Woo , Van Beek Simon , Bury Erik , Diaz‐Fortuny Javier , Chasin Adrian , Lee Jaewoo , Chun Jungu , Shin Dong Hoon , Na Junhong , Cho Hyeran , Lee Sang Wook , Kim Gyu‐Tae
Published: April 2021

In this study, high‐performance few‐layered ReS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs), fabricated with hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) as top/bottom dual gate dielectrics, are presented. The performance of h‐BN dual gated ReS2 FET having a trade‐off of performance parameters is optimized using a compact model from analytical choice maps, which consists of three regions with different electrical characteristics. The bottom h‐BN dielectric has almost no defects and provides a physical distance between the traps in the SiO2 and the carriers in the ReS2 channel. Using a compact analyzing model and structural advantages, an excellent and optimized performance is introduced consisting of h‐BN dual‐gated ReS2 with a high mobility of 46.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, a high current on/off ratio of ≈106, a subthreshold swing of 2.7 V dec−1, and a low effective interface trap density (Nt,eff) of 7.85 × 1010 cm−2 eV−1 at a small operating voltage (<3 V). These phenomena are demonstrated through not only a fundamental current–voltage analysis, but also technology computer aided design simulations, time‐dependent current, and low‐frequency noise analysis. In addition, a simple method is introduced to extract the interlayer resistance of ReS2 channel through Y‐function method as a function of constant top gate bias.
Conferring Ti‐Based MOFs with Defects for Enhanced Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liang Shuang , Xiao Xiao , Bai Lixin , Liu Bin , Yuan Meng , Ma Ping'an , Pang Maolin , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: April 2021

The development of highly efficient, multifunctional, and biocompatible sonosensitizer is still a priority for current sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, a defect‐rich Ti‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) (D‐MOF(Ti)) with greatly improved sonosensitizing effect is simply constructed and used for enhanced SDT. Compared with the commonly used sonosensitizer TiO2, D‐MOF(Ti) results in a superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield under ultrasound (US) irradiation due to its narrow bandgap, which principally improves the US‐triggered electron–hole separation. Meanwhile, due to the existence of Ti3+ ions, D‐MOF(Ti) also exhibits a high level of Fenton‐like activity to enable chemodynamic therapy. Particularly, US as the excitation source of SDT can simultaneously enhance the Fenton‐like reaction to achieve remarkably synergistic outcomes for oncotherapy. More importantly, D‐MOF(Ti) can be degraded and metabolized out of the body after completion of its therapeutic functions without off‐target toxicity. Overall, this work identifies a novel Ti‐familial sonosensitizer harboring great potential for synergistic sonodynamic and chemodynamic cancer therapy.
A Flexible Magnetically Controlled Continuum Robot Steering in the Enlarged Effective Workspace with Constraints for Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
Authors: Lin Daojing , Wang Jingyi , Jiao Niandong , Wang Zhidong , Liu Lianqing
Published: April 2021

Flexible magnetic continuum robots (MCRs) can be fabricated in small dimensions with great manipulability as their tips can deflect under fields, without the need for complicated mechanical structures to govern control, and it helps improve operating conditions during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). However, the limited effective workspace of an electromagnet‐based magnetic navigation system (MNS) influences the practical applications. Herein, the method of steering a flexible MCR in the enlarged workspace of a common MNS for RIRS is presented. First, the field heterogeneity is parameterized to quantitatively analyze its influence on the motion of the MCR. Then, a kinematic model of the MCR is constructed, by coupling the heterogeneous‐field and Cosserat‐rod models, to predict its large deformation in the enlarged workspace with constraints. The model is validated with the maximum mean error of 0.53 ± 0.39 mm for the tip position in all the experiments. It is demonstrated that the effective workspace can be enlarged to 75% of the physical workspace. In addition, experiments in phantoms, which simulate two challenges during RIRS, are performed to prove its manipulability. This study enlarges the effective workspace of the MNS, which helps expand the practical application of the MCR.
Does seafarers’ limited access to health care increase risk for community‐acquired pneumonia requiring hospital care? A longitudinal register‐based analysis
Authors: Herttua Kimmo , Vork Jan , Paljarvi Tapio
Published: April 2021

Background

Limited access to medical care can be considered as an occupational risk of seafaring and it may predispose to developing community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospital care. We sought to investigate the risk for CAP and other lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) requiring hospital care among seafarers. We examined the length of hospital stay (LOS) as a proxy for severity of illness.

Methods

The study population in this panel data analysis were all seafarers and a 20% random sample of economically active individuals aged 18–65 years who were residing in Denmark in 1997–2016, constituting more than 11 million person‐years of follow‐up. Annually‐registered socio‐demographic and work characteristics were linked to data on cause of hospital admissions. We used fixed‐effects and zero‐truncated Poisson regression to estimate the rate ratios of hospitalization for CAP and other LRTI, and compared LOS across the two populations.

Results

The adjusted incident rate ratio (IRR) for CAP in seafarers compared to the economically active population was 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.77), whereas the IRR was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.38–1.42) for other LRTI. For LOS, the IRRs for CAP and other LRTI in seafarers were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04–1.12) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.83–1.01), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that seafaring was associated with an increased risk for CAP requiring hospital care. Limited access to health care may be an important contributing factor.
Divergent Total Synthesis of (±)‐Mahanine and Other Carbazole Alkaloids
Authors: Polley Arghya , Varalaxmi Kasarla , Nandi Arijit , Jana Ranjan
Published: April 2021

We represent here, a divergent approach for the total synthesis of (±)‐Mahanine and twelve other naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids. Remarkably, we have utilized a simplified scalable Suzuki coupling for C−C bond formation and a metal‐free C−N coupling sequence to synthesize the functionalized carbazole scaffold from a single intermediate. Subsequently, either functional group manipulations or late‐stage pyran ring annulation furnished a library of 13 carbazole alkaloids mostly isolated from a traditional medicinal plant Murraya koenigii. The construction of carbazole moiety at the initial‐stage followed by late‐stage pyran annulation under mild condition overcomes the decomposition problem of pyran‐ring under acidic or other harsh reaction conditions.