bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fluid voter: Exploring independent voting patterns over time
Authors: Reilly Thom , Hunting Dan
Published: January 2023

Independents remain hard to categorize because they are, by their choice of self‐identification, resisting the standard categories of political classification. Despite the growth in independent voter identity, many political strategists still view independents as partisans. In this article, we contribute to the academic literature on independent voting behavior by exploring whether those who identify as politically independent function as true independents by accounting for their voting patterns over time. We do this by analyzing data produced by the American National Election Studies (ANES) on political identification and voting choices from 1972 to 2020 on each of the three ANES measures of party affiliation. Our findings show when tracking independent voting behavior over more than one election, there is a significant volatility in voting loyalty and independents as a group are distinct from partisans. This volatility was observed in all three measures of party affiliation used by the ANES survey data. The research also finds evidence that a sizeable number of independents move in and out of independent status from one election to another.

Related Articles

Grossmann, Matt. 2014. “The Varied Effects of Policy Cues on Partisan Opinions.”Politics & Policy42(6): 881–904.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12102.

Reilly, Thom, and E. C. Hedberg. 2022. “Social Networks of Independents and Partisans: Are Independents a Moderating Forcer?”Politics & Policy50(2): 225–43.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12460.

Saeki, Manabu. 2019. “Anatomy of Party Sorting: Partisan Polarization of Voters and Party Switching.”Politics & Policy47(4): 699–747.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12318.
Small for date preterm infants and risk of higher blood pressure in later life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fenton Tanis R. , Elmrayed Seham , Scime Natalie V. , Tough Suzanne C. , Pinto Jahaira , Sabet Fatemeh , Wollny Krista , Lee Yoonshin , Harrison Tyrone G. , Alladin‐Karan Bibi , Kramer Michael S. , Ospina Maria B. , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Madubueze Ada , Leung Alexander A. , Kumar Manoj
Published: January 2023

Background

Historical reports suggest that infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk for high blood pressure (BP) at older ages after adjustment for later age body size. Such adjustment may be inappropriate since adiposity is a known cause of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.

Objectives

To assess the association between SGA births and later BP among preterm births, considering potential background confounders and over‐adjustment for later body size.

Methods

A database search of studies up to October 2022 included MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Studies were included if they reported BP (systolic [SBP] or diastolic [DBP]) (outcomes) for participants born preterm with SGA (exposure) or non‐SGA births. All screening, extraction steps, and risk of bias (using the Risk of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies of Interventions [ROBINS‐I] tool) were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Data were pooled in meta‐analysis using random‐effects models. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results

We found no meaningful difference in later BP between preterm infants with and without SGA status at birth. Meta‐analysis of 25 studies showed that preterm SGA, compared to preterm non‐SGA, was not associated with higher BP at age 2 and older with mean differences for SBP 0.01 mmHg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12, I2 = 59.8%, n = 20,462) and DBP 0.01 mm Hg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12), 22 studies, (I2 = 53.0%, n = 20,182). Adjustment for current weight did not alter the results, which could be due to the lack of differences in later weight status in most of the included studies. The included studies were rated to be at risk of bias due to potential residual confounding, with a low risk of bias in other domains.

Conclusions

Evidence indicates that preterm infants born SGA are not at increased risk of developing higher BP as children or as adults as compared to non‐SGA preterm infants.
Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the cause of anthocyanin biosynthesis deficiency in litchi aril
Authors: Wang Dan , Chen Lei , Yang Yabing , Abbas Farhat , Qin Yaqi , Lu Hanle , Lai Biao , Wu Zichen , Hu Bing , Qin Yonghua , Wang Huicong , Zhao Jietang , Hu Guibing
Published: January 2023

Anthocyanins are health‐promoting compounds with strong antioxidant properties that play important roles in disease prevention. Litchi chinensis Sonn. is a well‐known and economically significant fruit due to its appealing appearance and nutritional value. The mature pericarp of litchi is rich in anthocyanins, whereas the aril (flesh) has an extremely low anthocyanin content. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin differential accumulation in litchi pericarp and aril remained unknown. Here, metabolome and transcriptome analysis were performed to unveil the cause of the deficiency of anthocyanin biosynthesis in litchi aril. Numerous anthocyanin biosynthesis‐related metabolites and their derivatives were found in the aril, and the levels of rutin and (−)‐epicatechin in the aril were comparable to those found in the pericarp, while anthocyanin levels were negligible. This suggests that the biosynthetic pathway from phenylalanine to cyanidin was present but that a block in cyanidin glycosylation could result in extremely low anthocyanin accumulation in the aril. Furthermore, 54 candidate genes were screened using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and 9 genes (LcUFGT1, LcGST1, LcMYB1, LcSGR, LcCYP75B1, LcMATE, LcTPP, LcSWEET10, and LcERF61) might play a significant role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. The dual‐luciferase reporter (DLR) assay revealed that LcMYB1 strongly activated the promoters of LcUFGT1, LcGST4, and LcSWEET10. The results imply that LcMYB1 is the primary qualitative gene responsible for the deficiency of anthocyanin biosynthesis in litchi aril, which was confirmed by a transient transformation assay. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue‐specific anthocyanin accumulation and will help developing new red‐fleshed litchi germplasm.
Wild soybean salt tolerance metabolic model: Assessment of storage protein mobilization in cotyledons and C/N balance in the hypocotyl/root axis
Authors: Hu Yunan , Li Mingxia , Hu Yongjun , Han Defu , Wei Jian , Zhang Tao , Guo Jixun , Shi Lianxuan
Published: January 2023

Salt stress has become one of the main factors limiting crop yield in recent years. The post‐germinative growth is most sensitive to salt stress in soybean. In this study, cultivated and wild soybeans were used for an integrated metabonomics and transcriptomics analysis to determine whether wild soybean can resist salt stress by maintaining the mobilization of stored substances in cotyledons and the balance of carbon and nitrogen in the hypocotyl/root axis (HRA). Compared with wild soybean, the growth of cultivated soybean was significantly inhibited during the post‐germinative growth period under salt stress. Integrating analysis found that the breakdown products of proteins, such as glutamate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and asparagine, increased significantly in wild soybean cotyledons. Asparagine synthase and fumarate hydratase genes and genes encoding HSP20 family proteins were specifically upregulated. In wild soybean HRA, levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, citric acid, and succinic acid increased significantly, and the glutamate decarboxylase gene and the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase in nitrogen metabolism were significantly upregulated. The metabolic model indicated that wild soybean enhanced the decomposition of stored proteins and the transport of amino acids to the HRA in cotyledons and the GABA shunt to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance in the HRA to resist salt stress. This study provided a theoretical basis for cultivating salt‐tolerant soybean varieties and opened opportunities for the development of sustainable agricultural practices.
Managing business continuity in the Arctic: Experiences from mining
Authors: Taarup‐Esbensen Jacob
Published: January 2023

This article presents a model for business continuity capacity, which shows how organizations can analyze possible gaps in their business continuity capability and thereby increase their capacity to recover value‐adding critical activities. Using an example of a flooded mine on Svalbard, the study investigated how the mining company Store Norske Spitsbergen Coal Company (SNSK), with considerable experience with similar events and an excellent safety record, could fail to manage a well‐known event and reduce recovery times of its critical activities. The analysis explored how experience in safety and incident management does not necessarily mean that these abilities are transferable to a new but similar event. The study sought to answer the research question: To what extent does SNSK's systematic work with safety, and experience with flooding events, improve business continuity capacity?

In the Arctic, emergency response can take hours or days to arrive after the event. A structured recovery system can support pre‐existing platforms aimed at safety, to include the critical activities needed to ensure an organization's overall survival. Systematic work can improve performance and make the organization engage in a virtuous cycle by implementing management structures, risk identification systems, competency development, and processes for the in situ evaluation of hazards. However, as seen here, the organization needs to pay attention to changes that could affect risk assessments and threat levels well‐known events. These insights can be utilized by other organizations seeking synergy when strengthening their safety and business continuity performance.
The impact of financial development on house prices
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Ivanovski Kris , Mintah Kwabena , Zhang Quanda
Published: January 2023

We examine the relationship between financial development and house prices in the Group of Seven (G7) countries over the period 1870–2016. We use parametric panel data models that incorporated interactive fixed effects and non‐parametric models that allow us to examine non‐linearities and the time‐varying nature of the relationship. Our parametric estimates show a positive relationship between financial development and house prices. The results from our non‐parametric model not only reinforce this finding but also shows evidence of a negative effect of financial development prior to the mid‐twentieth century, suggesting a time‐varying non‐linear impact. We find that inequality and mortgage loans are mechanisms through which financial development transmits to house prices. Financial crisis moderates the relationship between financial development and house prices, although this works only through sovereign defaults. Our findings are robust to a suite of robustness and sensitivity checks.
Observer design for a class of irreversible port Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Zenfari Saida , Laabissi Mohamed , Achhab Mohammed Elarbi
Published: January 2023

In this paper we address the state estimation problem of a particular class of irreversible port Hamiltonian systems (IPHS), which are assumed to be partially observed. Our main contribution consists to design an observer such that the augmented system (plant + observer) is strictly passive. Under some additional assumptions, a Lyapunov function is constructed to ensure the stability of the coupled system. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to the gas piston system model. Some simulation results are also presented.
A Misconception Regarding the Einstein Equivalence Principle and a Possible Cure Using the Twin Paradox
Authors: Pepino Ron A. , Mabile Risley W.
Published: January 2023

It has long been suspected by general relativists that physicists who do not specialize in general relativity (GR) believe that special relativity (SR) is incapable of modeling dynamics within accelerated reference frames. Consequently, many physicists may conclude that certain phenomena, such as time dilation due to acceleration, can only be described with GR. The fact of the matter is, as long as spacetime is flat, SR is fully capable of describing the dynamics of accelerated reference frames. In the classic textbook Gravitation, the authors state that “special relativity was developed precisely to predict the physics of accelerated objects.” To quote Sean Carroll in his textbook Spacetime and Geometry, “The notion of acceleration in special relativity has a bad reputation, for no good reason.” Finally, in a quote that drives the main point of this article home, the late general relativist Alfred Schild once said, “A good many believe that [the twin] paradox can only be resolved by the general theory of relativity. They find great comfort in this because they don’t know any general relativity.”
Synthesizing coherence loss by atmospheric turbulence in virtual microphone array signals
Authors: Lincke Dorothea , Schumacher Timo , Pieren Reto
Published: January 2023

Phased microphone array methods are increasingly used to localize and quantify noise sources of aircraft under flight condition. However, beamforming results suffer from loss of image resolution and corruption of sound levels due to atmospheric turbulence causing coherence loss between microphones. A synthesis method is presented that reproduces these effects in a virtual environment. Sound propagation through turbulent atmosphere is described by models by Ostashev and Wilson and by von Kármán turbulence spectra. Spatial coherence is calculated based on the parabolic equation for statistically inhomogeneous, isotropic turbulence. Decorrelation of signals is achieved by time-varying mixing of mutually independent signals with identical PSD based on coherence factors. The concept of auralization is employed to account for propagation delay, geometrical spreading, Doppler effect, air absorption, and ground effect. The application is demonstrated for a virtual 56 m aperture microphone array. The impact of different meteorological conditions on the beamforming and deconvoluted results are presented. For increasing turbulence strength, the results show decreasing sound levels and increasingly blurred images. The proposed method allows us to reproduce the effects of turbulence-induced coherence loss in phased microphone array measurements and to optimize array designs and algorithms in a virtual, controllable environment.
The Relationship Between Subjective Wellness and External Training Load in Elite English Premier League Goalkeepers and a Comparison With Outfield Soccer Players
Authors: Grimson Sophie , Brickley Gary , Smeeton Nicholas J. , Brett Adam , Abbott Will
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between training load and subjective wellness in English Premier League goalkeepers (GKs) and examine potential positional differences in subjective wellness. Methods: A total of 34 players (GK = 7, outfield = 27) completed a daily subjective wellness questionnaire assessing sleep quality, sleep hours, fatigue, mood, soreness, and total wellness over two and a half seasons. Ten-Hertz GPS devices were worn during training to calculate previous-day and 7-day total distance, player load, total dives, total dive load, average time to feet, and high, medium, and low jumps. Results: All previous 7-day training loads were associated with all wellness markers (r = .073 to .278, P < .05). However, associations between previous 7-day dive load and mood, average time to feet, and both sleep quality and quantity, and between low jumps and sleep quality, were not significant. For previous-day metrics, total distance was associated with all wellness markers (r = .097 to .165, P < .05). In addition, player load and high jump were associated with fatigue, soreness, and wellness (r = .096 to .189, P < .05). Total dives and soreness were also related (r = .098, P < .05), and relationships were evident between average time to feet, medium jumps, and all wellness markers excluding sleep quality (r = .114 to .185, P < .05). No positional differences in subjective wellness occurred (P > .05). Conclusion: Some GK GPS variables are associated with subjective wellness, which could inform training-load prescription to maximize recovery and performance. In addition, GKs are no more vulnerable to poorer subjective wellness when compared with outfield players.
Cross-Cultural Translation and Adaptation of the Perceived Recovery Status Scale to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Gomes Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues , Laurent Matt , Ribeiro Neto Frederico , de Campos Luis Felipe Castelli Correa , Winckler Ciro
Published: January 2023

Context: One of the primary training variables, although often overlooked, is recovery level achieved before starting subsequent training sessions. To find a more practical measurement that is consonant with the daily training routine, the Perceived Recovery Status (PRS) scale is proposed. In this perspective, the present study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PRS scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Design: This was a clinical measurement. Methods: The cross-cultural translation was performed according to guidelines. Linguistic validation consisted of 5 stages: forward translation, translation synthesis, back translation, analysis of inconsistencies, and cognitive debriefing. Results: During forward translation, different interpretations were obtained from the 2 translators (versions V1 and V2). Supported by an expert committee, a combined version (V3) was obtained from V1 and V2. During back translation, different interpretations were obtained from the 2 translators (versions V4 and V5). Discrepancies, applicability, and cultural equivalence were documented and analyzed by the expert committee participating in the cross-cultural translation procedure. During the cognitive debriefing, a group of 5 Brazilian people from the general population were asked to participate in a cognitive debriefing to assess the comprehensibility of the translated items. Conclusions: The PRS was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (PRS-Brasil).
Secondary School Athletic Trainers’ Strategies and Barriers to Overuse Injury Treatment in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , Winans Madeline , Rudek Grace , Hernandez Mayrena I. , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa , Andreae Susan J. , Brooks M. Alison , Kliethermes Stephanie , McGuine Timothy A. , Bell David R.
Published: January 2023

Context: Studies have illustrated that overuse injuries occur in adolescent athletes more often than previously reported. The general purpose of this study was to provide a thorough report of secondary school athletic trainers encounters, practices, and perceptions of overuse injury in adolescent athletes. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed via email to athletic trainers in the secondary school setting. The questionnaire was sent to participants during the summer of 2021 and 430 participants (highest educational degree earned: master’s degree = 66%) completed the survey. Various survey methods were used to evaluate athletic trainers (1) demographics, (2) estimations about what percentage of injuries evaluated and treated were classified as overuse, (3) methods for treating overuse injuries, (4) confidence in treating overuse injuries and the complete implementation of their treatment plan, (5) perceptions of various barriers to treating overuse injuries, and (6) perception as to why patients did not want to reduce activity to treat their overuse injuries. Results: Participants reported that about half of all evaluations and treatments in a year were overuse injuries and they were “fairly” or “completely” confident (90%) in their ability to treat these injuries. The most common treatments cited were stretching (91%) and reducing activity (90%). Only 61% of participants were “fairly” or “completely” confident in the complete implementation of their treatment plan. Participants believed that patients’ reluctance to reduce sport activities (82% “moderate” or “extreme” barrier) was the most significant barrier to treatment. Participants cited athletes’ avoidance of missing games as the most common reason athletes were reluctant to reduce sporting activity. Conclusions: Participants felt confident in treating overuse injuries yet faced significant barriers in treating these injuries. Clinicians should be prepared to have conversations about the importance of reducing sporting activity to allow proper healing for overuse injuries in adolescent athletes.
Can We Quantify If It’s a CURE?
Authors: Beck Christopher W. , Cole Megan F. , Gerardo Nicole M.
Published: January 2023

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) rapidly have become more common in biology laboratory courses. The effort to implement CUREs has stimulated attempts to differentiate CUREs from other types of laboratory teaching.
Novel Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Candida auris and Candida albicans Disseminated Candidiasis
Authors: Xin Hong , Rosario-Colon Jonothan A. , Eberle Karen
Published: January 2023

Since current antifungal treatments are ineffective in the immunocompromised population and no vaccine is available for humans, hope remains that antibody preparations selected for specific fungal antigens may make it possible to reduce the incidence and mortality of invasive candidiasis. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has long been approved as a standard treatment for patients with immunodeficiency disorders who are also susceptible to fungal infection.
Exploring the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions between a Probiotic Consortium and Its Coral Host
Authors: Rosado Phillipe M. , Cardoso Pedro M. , Rosado João G. , Schultz Júnia , Nunes da Rocha Ulisses , Keller-Costa Tina , Peixoto Raquel S.
Published: January 2023

Probiotics are currently the main hope as a potential medicine for corals, organisms that are considered the marine “canaries of the coal mine” and that are threatened with extinction. Our experiments have proved the concept that probiotics mitigate coral bleaching and can also prevent coral mortality.
Systematic Comparison and Rational Design of Theophylline Riboswitches for Effective Gene Repression
Authors: Wang Xun , Fang Can , Wang Yifei , Shi Xinyu , Yu Fan , Xiong Jin , Chou Shan-Ho , He Jin
Published: January 2023

A variety of gene expression regulation tools with significant regulatory effects are essential for the construction of complex gene circuits in synthetic biology. Riboswitches have received wide attention due to their unique biochemical, structural, and genetic properties.
A Small RNA, SaaS, Promotes Salmonella Pathogenicity by Regulating Invasion, Intracellular Growth, and Virulence Factors
Authors: Cai Lin-lin , Xie Yun-ting , Hu Hai-jing , Xu Xing-lian , Wang Hu-hu , Zhou Guang-hong
Published: January 2023

Salmonella
is a zoonotic pathogen with high virulence worldwide, and sRNAs have recently been discovered to play important roles. We explored the biological characteristics of the sRNA SaaS and developed two cell infection models and a mouse infection model.
Ecological Processes of Bacterial and Fungal Communities Associated with
Typha orientalis
Roots in Wetlands Were Distinct during Plant Development
Authors: Wang Lixiao , Liu Jinxian , Zhang Meiting , Wu Tiehang , Chai Baofeng
Published: January 2023

Our findings provide empirical evidence for the assembly, sources, interactions, and potential functions of wetland plant root microbial communities, and have significant implications for the future applications of plant microbiomes in the wetland ecosystem.
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome: proposed pathogenesis, terrestrial analogues, and emerging countermeasures
Authors: Ong Joshua , Tarver William , Brunstetter Tyson , Mader Thomas Henry , Gibson C Robert , Mason Sara S , Lee Andrew
Published: January 2023

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) refers to a distinct constellation of ocular, neurological and neuroimaging findings observed in astronauts during and following long duration spaceflight. These ocular findings, to include optic disc oedema, posterior globe flattening, chorioretinal folds and hyperopic shifts, were first described by NASA in 2011. SANS is a potential risk to astronaut health and will likely require mitigation prior to planetary travel with prolonged exposures to microgravity. While the exact pathogenesis of SANS is not completely understood, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this neuro-ocular phenomenon. In this paper, we briefly discuss the current hypotheses and contributing factors underlying SANS pathophysiology as well as analogues used to study SANS on Earth. We also review emerging potential countermeasures for SANS including lower body negative pressure, nutritional supplementation and translaminar pressure gradient modulation. Ongoing investigation within these fields will likely be instrumental in preparing and protecting astronaut vision for future spaceflight missions including deep space exploration.
Missing data and other challenges in assessing inappropriate marketing of baby foods in the Russian Federation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kontsevaya Anna , Rippin Holly L , Lyu Suqi , Chen Qi , Mukaneeva Dinara , Antsiferova Aleksandra , Vujnovic Melita , Drapkina Oxana , Wickramasinghe Kremlin
Published: January 2023

Objectives

We used the WHO draft nutrient profile model (NPM) to evaluate baby foods targeted at infants and young children (IYC) aged 6–36 months in the Russian Federation to assess their suitability for marketing.

Design

A cross-sectional study in Moscow (Russian Federation).

Setting

Nutrition information of baby food was primarily collected from retailer websites, with some complementary data from physical stores. Both specialist stores for IYC and general supermarkets were included.

Participants

Two hundred and thirty baby food products targeted to IYC were selected. Breastmilk substitutes and products targeted at children over 3 years old were excluded.

Main outcome measures

Per cent of missing nutrition data, per cent of products with added sugar or sweetener and exceeded sodium or salts, per cent of products marketed as suitable for IYC under 6 months.

Results

Most products were ‘ready-to-eat’, including fruit (n=42, 18.5%) and vegetable (n=29, 12.8%) purees, meat, fish or cheese purees (n =26, 11.5%); ‘dry or instant cereal/starchy foods’ (n=27, 11.9%), including predominantly dry cereals, ‘juices and other drinks’ (n=26, 11.5%). 95% (n=219/230) of products were missing total sugar information, 78% (n=180/230) were missing either sodium or salt, and 25% (n=57/230) were missing total fat. Among products with sugar and sodium information, 41% (n=94/230) included added sugar or sweeteners, and 48% (n=24/50) exceeded the NPM sodium threshold. 40% of products (n=92/230) were marketed as suitable for IYC aged under 6 months.

Conclusion

Baby foods marketed for IYC showed a high per cent of missing nutrition information and disparity with WHO’s guidelines for complementary feeding, age of introduction, sugar and salt content. Stronger regulation is needed in this area to minimise higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life.
Financial conflicts of interest among US physician authors of 2020 clinical practice guidelines: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mooghali Maryam , Glick Laura , Ramachandran Reshma , Ross Joseph S
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and accuracy of industry-related financial conflict of interest (COI) disclosures among US physician guideline authors.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Clinical practice guidelines published by the Council of Medical Specialty Societies in 2020.

Participants

US physician guideline authors.

Main outcome measures

Financial COI disclosures, both self-reported and determined using Open Payments data.

Results

Among 270 US physician authors of 20 clinical practice guidelines, 101 (37.4%) disclosed industry-related financial COIs, whereas 199 (73.7%) were found to have received payments from industry when accounting for payments disclosed through Open Payments. The median payments received by authors during the 3-year period was US$27 451 (IQR, US$1385–US$254 677). Comparing authors’ self-disclosures with Open Payments, 72 (26.7%) of the authors accurately disclosed their financial COIs, including 68 (25.2%) accurately disclosing no financial COIs and 4 (1.5%) accurately disclosing a financial COI. In contrast, 101 (37.4%) disclosed no financial COIs and were found to have received payments from industry, 23 (8.5%) disclosed a financial COI but had under-reported payments received from industry, 14 (5.2%) disclosed a financial COI but had over-reported payments received from industry and 60 (22.2%) disclosed a financial COI but were found to have both under-reported and over-reported payments received from industry. We found that inaccurate COI disclosure was more frequent among professors compared with non-professors (81.9% vs 63.5%; p<0.001) and among males compared with females (77.7% vs 64.8%; p=0.02). The accuracy of disclosures also varied among medical professional societies (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Financial relationships with industry are common among US physician authors of clinical practice guidelines and are often not accurately disclosed. To ensure high-quality guidelines and unbiased recommendations, more effort is needed to minimise existing COIs and improve disclosure accuracy among panel members.
Effect of contextual factors on the prevalence of diagnostic errors among patients managed by physicians of the same specialty: a single-centre retrospective observational study
Authors: Harada Yukinori , Otaka Yumi , Katsukura Shinichi , Shimizu Taro
Published: January 2023

Background

There has been growing recognition that contextual factors influence the physician’s cognitive processes. However, given that cognitive processes may depend on the physicians’ specialties, the effects of contextual factors on diagnostic errors reported in previous studies could be confounded by difference in physicians.

Objective

This study aimed to clarify whether contextual factors such as location and consultation type affect diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of 1992 consecutive outpatients consulted by physicians from the Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine in a university hospital between 1 January and 31 December 2019. Diagnostic processes were assessed using the Revised Safer Dx Instrument. Patients were categorised into three groups according to contextual factors (location and consultation type): (1) referred patients with scheduled visit to the outpatient department; (2) patients with urgent visit to the outpatient department; and (3) patients with emergency visit to the emergency room. The effect of the contextual factors on the prevalence of diagnostic errors was investigated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Diagnostic errors were observed in 12 of 534 referred patients with scheduled visit to the outpatient department (2.2%), 3 of 599 patients with urgent visit to the outpatient department (0.5%) and 13 of 859 patients with emergency visit to the emergency room (1.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significantly higher prevalence of diagnostic errors in referred patients with scheduled visit to the outpatient department than in patients with urgent visit to the outpatient department (OR 4.08, p=0.03), but no difference between patients with emergency and urgent visit to the emergency room and outpatient department, respectively.

Conclusion

Contextual factors such as consultation type may affect diagnostic errors; however, since the differences in the prevalence of diagnostic errors were small, the effect of contextual factors on diagnostic accuracy may be small in physicians working in different care settings.
Effects of physical activity interventions on physical activity and health outcomes in young people during treatment for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Langworthy Ellie , Gokal Kajal , Kettle Victoria E , Daley Amanda J
Published: January 2023

Objective

Physical activity may improve health and reduce the adverse effects of cancer and/or its treatment in young people, therefore, interventions that promote physical activity are important. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on health outcomes in young people undergoing cancer treatment.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analyses.

Data sources

Embase, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, PsychArticles, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were RCTs, recruited young patients with cancer receiving cancer treatment and tested an aerobic physical activity intervention. Title/abstract reports were screened against the review eligibility criteria.

Results

Searches revealed seven eligible trials that had recruited 317 participants. No differences were found in minutes per day of participation in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MD 2.61, 95% CI −3.67 to 8.89, p=0.42), total physical activity (standardised mean difference, SMD 0.35, 95% CI −0.39 to 1.09, p=0.35) or fatigue (SMD −0.50, 95% CI −1.03 to 0.02, p=0.06). Sensitivity analyses where trials with a high risk of bias were excluded, revealed significant effects for total physical activity (SMD 0.87, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.57, p=0.02) and fatigue (SMD 0.74, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.35), p=0.0002).

Conclusion

Evidence regarding the effects of physical activity interventions on the health of young people undergoing treatment for cancer is limited and mixed, where results from high-quality trials showed some promise.
Long-term outcomes and dynamic changes of in-stent stenosis after Pipeline embolization device treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Gui Siming , Chen Xiheng , Wei Dachao , Deng Dingwei , You Wei , Meng Xiangyu , Lv Jian , Feng Junqiang , Tang Yudi , Yang Shu , Chen Ting , Liu Peng , Ge Huijian , Jin Hengwei , Liu Xinke , Jiang Yuhua , Feng Wei , LI Youxiang
Published: January 2023

Background

Flow diverters have revolutionized the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, the delayed complications associated with flow diverter use are unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the incidence, severity, clinical outcomes, risk factors, and dynamic changes associated with in-stent stenosis (ISS) after treatment with a Pipeline embolization device (PED).

Methods

Patients who underwent PED treatment between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. The angiographic, clinical, and follow-up data of 459 patients were independently reviewed by four neuroradiologists to identify ISS. Binary logistic regression was conducted to determine ISS risk factors, and an ISS–time curve was established to demonstrate dynamic changes in ISS after PED implantation.

Results

Of the 459 treated patients, 69 (15.0%) developed ISS. At follow-up, nine patients (2.0%) with ISS demonstrated reversal, while 18 (3.9%) developed parental artery occlusion. A total of 380 patients (82.8%) achieved complete aneurysm occlusion (O’Kelly–Marotta grade D). Patients with posterior-circulation aneurysm (OR=2.895, 95% CI (1.732 to 4.838; P<0.001) or balloon angioplasty (OR=1.992, 95% CI 1.162 to 3.414; P=0.037) were more likely to develop ISS. Patients aged >54 years (OR=0.464, 95% CI 0.274 to 0.785; P=0.006) or with a body mass index of >28 kg/m2(OR=0.427, 95% CI 0.184 to 0.991; P=0.026) had a lower ISS risk. Intimal hyperplasia initiated by PED placement peaked within 1 year after the procedure, rarely progressed after 12 months, and tended to reverse within 24 months.

Conclusions

ISS is a common, benign, and self-limiting complication of PED implantation in the Chinese population.
Artificial tip-up mounds influence tree seedling composition in a managed northern hardwood forest
Authors: Bartlick Claudia I. , Burton Julia I. , Webster Christopher R. , Froese Robert E. , Hupperts Stefan F. , Dickinson Yvette L.
Published: January 2023

Silvicultural regeneration methods focus on manipulating the forest canopy, but success can depend on the use of site preparation to control competing vegetation, including the density of advance regeneration, and create suitable microsite conditions for germination and seedling establishment. Tip-up mounds are known to provide favorable conditions for some tree species, but the creation of tip-up mounds as a method of site preparation has scarcely been investigated. We assessed effects of artificial tip-up mounds on tree seedling composition across a gradient of regeneration methods and residual overstory densities 2–4 years post-implementation. We found that tree seedling communities on mounds in some treatments were compositionally distinct from untreated reference plots. However, no tree species exhibited a strong affinity for mounds when analyzed independently from the regeneration method, and much of the difference in composition was associated with lower dominance of maples ( Acer spp. L.) on mounds. As maples are strong competitors in forests regenerated with selection systems, reduced maple competition on artificial mounds could advantage desired under-represented species and aid in natural regeneration over time. Therefore, in stands where promoting tree species diversity is desirable, implementing artificial tip-up mounds as part of a long-term strategy may be beneficial.
Novel integration of non-invasive imaging techniques for the analysis of an egg tempera painting by Pietro Lorenzetti
Authors: Dal Fovo A. , Mattana S. , Ruberto C. , Castelli L. , Ramat A. , Riitano P. , Cicchi R. , Fontana R.
Published: January 2023

The identification of an artist's palette through the application of non-invasive techniques is a challenging goal due to the huge variety of artistic materials that constitutes a painting. An effective approach is to combine several techniques providing complementary information in order to minimise the risk of misinterpreting the data. In this paper, we propose a multi-analytical method comprising three non-invasive mapping techniques, namely Reflectance Imaging Spectroscopy (RIS), Macro-X-Ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLI), for the study of a fourteenth-century painting by Pietro Lorenzetti from the Uffizi Gallery collection. For the low-cost and time-saving interpretation and integration of the data provided by the different techniques, a purposely developed software for multivariate statistical analysis was used. FLI data were acquired with a prototype applied for the first time on a work of art, and the data were processed with a method based on phasor analysis. The information obtained was discussed within a multidisciplinary team of experts on painting materials and data processing belonging to both the scientific and the conservation community.
Diversity, Form, and Postembryonic Development of Paleozoic Insects
Authors: Prokop Jakub , Nel André , Engel Michael S.
Published: January 2023

While Mesozoic, Paleogene, and Neogene insect faunas greatly resemble the modern one, the Paleozoic fauna provides unique insights into key innovations in insect evolution, such as the origin of wings and modifications of postembryonic development including holometaboly. Deep-divergence estimates suggest that the majority of contemporary insect orders originated in the Late Paleozoic, but these estimates reflect divergences between stem groups of each lineage rather than the later appearance of the crown groups. The fossil record shows the initial radiations of the extant hyperdiverse clades during the Early Permian, as well as the specialized fauna present before the End Permian mass extinction. This review summarizes the recent discoveries related to the documented diversity of Paleozoic hexapods, as well as current knowledge about what has actually been verified from fossil evidence as it relates to postembryonic development and the morphology of different body parts.
Self-Reflection at Work: Why It Matters and How to Harness Its Potential and Avoid Its Pitfalls
Authors: Kross Ethan , Ong Madeline , Ayduk Ozlem
Published: January 2023

It is difficult to fathom how an organization could be successful without its employees engaging in self-reflection. Gone would be its personnel's capacity to problem-solve, learn from past experiences, and engage in countless other introspective activities that are vital to success. Indeed, a large body of research highlights the positive value of reflection. Yet, as both common experience and a wealth of findings demonstrate, engaging in this introspective process while focusing on negative experiences often backfires, undermining people's health, well-being, performance, and relationships. Here we synthesize research on the benefits and costs of self-reflection in organizational contexts and discuss the role that psychological distance plays in allowing people to harness the potential of self-reflection while avoiding its common pitfalls.
Multiple Chelation-Assisted Lithiation Improves the Performance of Phosphate-Modified LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2
Authors: Zhou Ya-nan , Shi Baozhao , Zhang Jinli , Li Wei
Published: January 2023

Phytic acid, the main phosphorus repository for plant seeds, is enriched with phosphate acidic sites that can easily chelate with transition metal ions. In this article, a phosphate-modified LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (P-NCM) cathode material was synthesized using a Phytic acid-assisted lithiation process involving multiple chelation between phytic acid and metal hydroxides. Characterized by X-ray diffraction, Ar+ sputtering assisted X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, etc, it indicates that P-NCM indeed possesses the phosphorus dopant besides Li3PO4 coating. Through galvanostatic intermittent titration results, reflected electron energy loss spectra, and ultraviolet absorption spectra, it indicates that the optimal 0.2PA modified sample has a higher Li+ diffusion rate and electron conductivity, with an initial discharge capacity of 203.4 mAh g−1 and the retention of 92.4% after 100 cycles at 1 C and room temperature. In-situ XRD measurements indicate that the 0.2PA has fewer volume changes in the H2-H3 phase transition. Density Functional Theory calculations reveal that the phosphorus dopant probably occupies the tetrahedral interstice in the LiO6 layer, existing obvious charge transfers from the phosphorus dopant toward the neighboring atoms. This work illustrates the important role of phosphorus dopants in the improvement of the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich NCM cathode materials.
SERS Detection of Rhodamine-6G on Ion Beam Nanostructured Ultra-Thin Gold (Au) Films: A Correlation between Fractal Growth, Water Contact-Angle and Raman Intensity
Authors: Jasrotia Priya , Priya Bhanu , Kumar Raj , Bishnoi Priyanka , vij Ankush , Kumar Tanuj
Published: January 2023

SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) detection of rhodamine-6G on gold nanostructures (Au–NS) of various sizes under ion beam irradiation is presented. On a glass substrate, Au thin films of different thicknesses (∼2, 3 and 5 nm) were deposited by thermal evaporation. Subsequent irradiation using 10 keV Ar+ at different fluences has been able to modify the size of Au-NS. Ion beam-induced sputtering and diffusion processes control the formation of Au-NS. The reduction in Au content during ion beam sputtering is confirmed by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), which also validates tuning the size and structures of Au-NS. The wettable characteristics of Au-NS surfaces are controlled by two competing statistical factors of sputtering and surface diffusion. A correlation between the water contact angle, rms roughness, and the detection of rhodamine-6G (R6G) by SERS is presented. The current study sheds light on the mechanism(s) of SERS chemical detection for wider metallic surfaces.
Hydrothermally Synthesized ZnSnO3 Nanoflakes Based Low-Cost Sensing Device for High Performance CO2 Monitoring
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Verma Arpit , Sikarwar Samiksha , Yadav Bal Chandra
Published: January 2023

This work reports a room temperature operative ZnSnO3 nanoflakes-based CO2 gas sensor. The perovskite ZnSnO3 nanoflakes are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal technique. The prepared material was characterized via XRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, and DLS measurement for confirming the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical properties, and size distribution. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that ZnSnO3 was in the orthorhombic phase and average crystallite size examined by the Scherrer formula was 8.05 nm. Optical studies were done by the UV–vis spectroscopy and a direct optical band gap was found to be 3.27 eV. The surface morphology of ZnSnO3 was found to nanoflakes are almost uniform dimensions. The fabricated sensor device of ZnSnO3 detected the CO2 gas at room temperature (RT) for different concentrations. The best sensor response was found to be 4.93 for 1000 ppm of CO2 whereas at 200 ppm the response and recovery times were found to be 5.92 s and 7.23 s respectively. HOMO-LUMO gap energy of ZnSnO3 without and with interaction from CO2 molecule was found 1.165 eV and 1.577 eV, respectively. DFT studies are used for a better understanding of sensing mechanisms.
A One-Point Third-Derivative Hybrid Multistep Technique for Solving Second-Order Oscillatory and Periodic Problems
Authors: Rufai Mufutau Ajani , Shokri Ali , Omole Ezekiel Olaoluwa
Published: January 2023

This paper describes a third-derivative hybrid multistep technique (TDHMT) for solving second-order initial-value problems (IVPs) with oscillatory and periodic problems in ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the coefficients of which are independent of the frequency

omega

and step size

h

. This research is significant because it has numerous applications to real-life phenomena such as chaotic dynamical systems, almost periodic problems, and duffing equations. The current method is derived from the collocation of a derivative function at the equidistant grid and off-grid points. The TDHMT obtained is a continuous scheme for obtaining simultaneous approximations to the solution and its derivative at each point in the

x
0
,
x
N

interval integration. The presence of high derivatives increases the order of the method, which increases the accuracy method’s order and the stability property, as discussed in detail. Finally, the proposed method is compared to existing methods in the literature on some oscillatory and periodic test problems to demonstrate the technique’s effectiveness and productivity.
The Expression of ARMCX1 in Gastric Cancer Contributes to Prognosis and Influences Chemotherapy
Authors: Lv Changheng , Yang Di , Zhang Donghu , Shen Jiajia , Wang Zechen , He Siyuan , Meng Lingzhang , Song Jian , Zhao Jingjie
Published: January 2023

The altered expression of ARMCX1 in patients with gastric cancer has been reported frequently, yet its correlation to prognosis and chemotherapy needs to be unveiled. In combination of the gene expression data retrieved from TCGA database and bioinformatic analysis, this study discovered 590 differentially expressed genes in the cancerous biopsies isolated from gastric patients, compared with controls. Among which, ARMCX1 exhibited great potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker for gastric patients; furthermore, patients with low expression of ARMCX1 could be more sensitive to these 9 chemotherapeutic agents: A-770041, AMG-706, ATRA, BEZ235, bortezomib, CGP60474, dasatinib, HG-64-1, and pazopanib, rather than the other chemotherapeutic agents. This study helps the improvement of evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer patients, and would help optimize chemotherapeutic strategies in consideration of the expression of ARMCX1.