bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphitizing Non-graphitizable Carbons by Stress-induced Routes
Authors: Ghazinejad Maziar , Holmberg Sunshine , Pilloni Oscar , Oropeza-Ramos Laura , Madou Marc
Published: November 2017

Graphitic carbons’ unique attributes have attracted worldwide interest towards their development and application. Carbon pyrolysis is a widespread method for synthesizing carbon materials. However, our understanding of the factors that cause differences in graphitization of various pyrolyzed carbon precursors is inadequate. We demonstrate how electro-mechanical aspects of the synthesis process influence molecular alignment in a polymer precursor to enhance its graphitization. Electrohydrodynamic forces are applied via electrospinning to unwind and orient the molecular chains of a non-graphitizing carbon precursor, polyacrylonitrile. Subsequently, exerting mechanical stresses further enhances the molecular alignment of the polymer chains during the formative crosslinking phase. The stabilized polymer precursor is then pyrolyzed at 1000 °C and characterized to evaluate its graphitization. The final carbon exhibits a uniformly graphitized structure, abundant in edge planes, which translates into its electrochemical kinetics. The results highlight the significance of physical synthesis conditions in defining the structure and properties of pyrolytic carbons.
Dysregulation of YAP by ARF Stimulated with Tea-derived Carbon Nanodots
Authors: Xie Yingqiu , Sun Qinglei , Nurkesh Ayan A. , Lu Jiang , Kauanova Sholpan , Feng Jinhong , Tursynkhan Darkhan , Yang Qing , Kassymbek Aishabibi , Karibayev Mirat , Duisenova Korlan , Fan Haiyan , Wang Xiao , Manarbek Limara , Maipas Aisulu , Chen Zhenbang , Balanay Mannix P.
Published: November 2017

YAP is a downstream nuclear transcription factor of Hippo pathway which plays an essential role in development, cell growth, organ size and homeostasis. It was previously identified that elevation of YAP in genomics of genetic engineered mouse (GEM) model of prostate cancer is associated with Pten/Trp53 inactivation and ARF elevation hypothesizing the essential crosstalk of AKT/mTOR/YAP with ARF in prostate cancer. However, the detailed function and trafficking of YAP in cancer cells remains unclear. Using GEM microarray model, we found ARF dysregulates Hippo and Wnt pathways. In particular, ARF knockdown reduced non-nuclear localization of YAP which led to an increase in F-actin. Mechanistically, ARF knockdown suppressed protein turnover of β-catenin/YAP, and therefore enhanced the activity of AKT and phosphorylation of YAP. Moreover, we found tea-derived carbon dots can interact with ARF in nucleus that may further lead to the non-nuclear localization of YAP. Thus, we reported a novel crosstalk of ARF/β-catenin dysregulated YAP in Hippo pathway and a new approach to stimulate ARF-mediated signaling to inhibit nuclear YAP using nanomaterials implicating an innovative avenue for treatment of cancer.
Author Correction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zhao Ming , Chen Jiayi , Yuan Yanyan , Zou Zuquan , Lai Xiaolong , Rahmani Daud M , Wang Fuyan , Xi Yang , Huang Qin , Bu Shizhong
Published: November 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
On-chip integrated vertically aligned carbon nanotube based super- and pseudocapacitors
Authors: Pitkänen O. , Järvinen T. , Cheng H. , Lorite G. S. , Dombovari A. , Rieppo L. , Talapatra S. , Duong H. M. , Tóth G. , Juhász K. L. , Kónya Z. , Kukovecz A. , Ajayan P. M. , Vajtai R. , Kordás K.
Published: November 2017

On-chip energy storage and management will have transformative impacts in developing advanced electronic platforms with built-in energy needs for operation of integrated circuits driving a microprocessor. Though success in growing stand-alone energy storage elements such as electrochemical capacitors (super and pseusocapacitors) on a variety of substrates is a promising step towards this direction. In this work, on-chip energy storage is demonstrated using architectures of highly aligned vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) acting as supercapacitors, capable of providing large device capacitances. The efficiency of these structures is further increased by incorporating electrochemically active nanoparticles such as MnOx to form pseudocapacitive architectures thus enhancing device capacitance areal specific capacitance of 37 mF/cm2. The demonstrated on-chip integration is up and down-scalable, compatible with standard CMOS processes, and offers lightweight energy storage what is vital for portable and autonomous device operation with numerous advantages as compared to electronics built from discrete components.
Performance enhancement of a brain-computer interface using high-density multi-distance NIRS
Authors: Shin Jaeyoung , Kwon Jinuk , Choi Jongkwan , Im Chang-Hwan
Published: November 2017

This study investigated the effectiveness of using a high-density multi-distance source-detector (SD) separations in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), for enhancing the performance of a functional NIRS (fNIRS)-based brain-computer interface (BCI). The NIRS system that was used for the experiment was capable of measuring signals from four SD separations: 15, 21.2, 30, and 33.5 mm, and this allowed the measurement of hemodynamic response alterations at various depths. Fifteen participants were asked to perform mental arithmetic and word chain tasks, to induce task-related hemodynamic response variations, or they were asked to stay relaxed to acquire a baseline signal. To evaluate the degree of BCI performance enhancement by high-density channel configuration, the classification accuracy obtained using a typical low-density lattice SD arrangement, was compared to that obtained using the high-density SD arrangement, while maintaining the SD separation at 30 mm. The analysis results demonstrated that the use of a high-density channel configuration did not result in a noticeable enhancement of classification accuracy. However, the combination of hemodynamic variations, measured by two multi-distance SD separations, resulted in the significant enhancement of overall classification accuracy. The results of this study indicated that the use of high-density multi-distance SD separations can likely provide a new method for enhancing the performance of an fNIRS-BCI.
IL-27, but not IL-35, inhibits neuroinflammation through modulating GM-CSF expression
Authors: Casella Giacomo , Finardi Annamaria , Descamps Hélène , Colombo Federico , Maiorino Chiara , Ruffini Francesca , Patrone Marco , Degano Massimo , Martino Gianvito , Muzio Luca , Becher Burkhard , Furlan Roberto
Published: November 2017

IL-27 and IL-35 are heterodimeric cytokines, members of the IL-12 family and considered to have immunomodulatory properties. Their role during neuroinflammation had been investigated using mutant mice devoid of either one of their subunits or lacking components of their receptors, yielding conflicting results. We sought to understand the therapeutic potential of IL-27 and IL-35 delivered by gene therapy in neuroinflammation. We constructed lentiviral vectors expressing IL-27 and IL-35 from a single polypeptide chain, and we validated in vitro their biological activity. We injected IL-27 and IL-35-expressing lentiviral vectors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mice affected by experimental neuroinflammation (EAE), and performed clinical, neuropathological and immunological analyses. Both cytokines interfere with neuroinflammation, but only IL-27 significantly modulates disease development, both clinically and neuropathologically. IL-27 protects from autoimmune inflammation by inhibiting granulocyte macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in CD4+ T cells and by inducing program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in both CNS-resident and CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells. We demonstrate here that IL-27 holds therapeutic potential during neuroinflammation and that IL-27 inhibits GM-CSF and induces pd-l1 mRNA in vivo.
Ripening-induced chemical modifications of papaya pectin inhibit cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Prado Samira Bernardino Ramos do , Ferreira Gabrielle Fernandez , Harazono Yosuke , Shiga Tânia Misuzu , Raz Avraham , Carpita Nicholas C. , Fabi João Paulo
Published: November 2017

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit with a rapid pulp softening during ripening. Ripening events are accompanied by gradual depolymerization of pectic polysaccharides, including homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonans, arabinogalactans, and their modified forms. During intermediate phases of papaya ripening, partial depolymerization of pectin to small size with decreased branching had enhanced pectin anti-cancer properties. These properties were lost with continued decomposition at later phases of ripening. Pectin extracted from intermediate phases of papaya ripening markedly decreased cell viability, induced necroptosis, and delayed culture wound closing in three types of immortalized cancer cell lines. The possible explanation for these observations is that papaya pectins extracted from the third day after harvesting have disrupted interaction between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix proteins, enhancing cell detachment and promoting apoptosis/necroptosis. The anticancer activity of papaya pectin is dependent on the presence and the branch of arabinogalactan type II (AGII) structure. These are first reports of AGII in papaya pulp and the first reports of an in vitro biological activity of papaya pectins that were modified by natural action of ripening-induced pectinolytic enzymes. Identification of the specific pectin branching structures presents a biological route to enhancing anti-cancer properties in papaya and other climacteric fruits.
Characterising Pre-pubertal Resistance to Death from Endotoxemia
Authors: Joachim Rose , Suber Freeman , Kobzik Lester
Published: November 2017

Sepsis is a common and deadly syndrome in which a dysregulated host response to infection causes organ failure and death. The current lack of treatment options suggests that a new approach to studying sepsis is needed. Pre-pubertal children show a relative resistance to death from severe infections and sepsis. To explore this phenomenon experimentally, we used an endotoxemia model of sepsis in mice. Following intra-peritoneal injection of endotoxin, pre-pubertal mice showed greater survival than post-pubertal mice (76.3% vs. 28.6%), despite exhibiting a similar degree of inflammation after two hours. Age-associated differences in the inflammatory response only became evident at twenty hours, when post-pubertal mice showed prolonged elevation of serum cytokines and differential recruitment of peritoneal immune cells. Mechanistically, prevention of puberty by hormonal blockade or acceleration of puberty by oestrogen treatment led to increased or decreased survival from endotoxemia, respectively. Additionally, the adoptive transfer of pre-pubertal peritoneal cells improved the survival of post-pubertal recipient mice, while post-pubertal peritoneal cells or vehicle did not. These data establish a model for studying childhood resistance to mortality from endotoxemia, demonstrate that oestrogen is responsible for an increased susceptibility to mortality after puberty, and identify peritoneal cells as mediators of pre-pubertal resistance.
Impact of Mismatch Angle on Electronic Transport Across Grain Boundaries and Interfaces in 2D Materials
Authors: Majee Arnab K. , Foss Cameron J. , Aksamija Zlatan
Published: November 2017

We study the impact of grain boundaries (GB) and misorientation angles between grains on electronic transport in 2-dimensional materials. Here we have developed a numerical model based on the first-principles electronic bandstructure calculations in conjunction with a method which computes electron transmission coefficients from simultaneous conservation of energy and momentum at the interface to essentially evaluate GB/interface resistance in a Landauer formalism. We find that the resistance across graphene GBs vary over a wide range depending on misorientation angles and type of GBs, starting from 53 Ω μm for low-mismatch angles in twin (symmetric) GBs to about 1020 Ω μm for 21° mismatch in tilt (asymmetric) GBs. On the other hand, misorientation angles have weak influence on the resistance across MoS2GBs, ranging from about 130 Ω μm for low mismatch angles to about 6000 Ω μm for 21°. The interface resistance across graphene-MoS2heterojunctions also exhibits a strong dependence on misorientation angles with resistance values ranging from about 100 Ω μm for low-mismatch angles in Class-I (symmetric) interfaces to 1015 Ω μm for 14° mismatch in Class-II (asymmetric) interfaces. Overall, symmetric homo/heterojunctions exhibit a weak dependence on misorientation angles, while in MoS2both symmetric and asymmetric GBs show a gradual dependence on mismatch angles.
Macropis fulvipes Venom component Macropin Exerts its Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Properties by Damaging the Plasma Membranes of Drug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ko Su Jin , Kim Min Kyung , Bang Jeong Kyu , Seo Chang Ho , Luchian Tudor , Park Yoonkyung
Published: November 2017

The abuse of antibiotics for disease treatment has led to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides, found naturally in various organisms, have received increasing interest as alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. In a previous report, Macropin, isolated from bee venom, exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. In the present study, Macropin was synthesized and its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were tested against bacterial strains, including gram-positive and negative bacteria, and drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, Macropin did not exhibit hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity to keratinocytes, whereas Melittin, as a positive control, showed very high toxicity. Circular dichroism assays showed that Macropin has an α-helical structure in membrane mimic environments. Macropin binds to peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide and kills the bacteria by disrupting their membranes. Moreover, the fractional inhibitory concentration index indicated that Macropin has additive and partially synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria. Thus, our study suggested that Macropin has potential for use of an antimicrobial agent for infectious bacteria, including drug resistant bacteria.
Transformation of Organostannanes Based on Photocleavage of C-Sn Bond via Single Electron Transfer Process
Authors: Li Han , Jin Ruiwen , Li Yawei , Ding Aishun , Hao Xinqi , Guo Hao
Published: November 2017

In this work, we developed a new method for the transformation of organostannanes via radical process. In this reaction, highly reactive carbon radical species can be efficiently generated through HBr-catalyzed photocleavage of C-Sn bond via single electron transfer process. Under aerobic conditions, thein situformed primary/secondary alkyl radicals can be further highly selectively oxidized into carboxylic acids/ketones, respectively.
A novel method for calculating the dynamic capillary force and correcting the pressure error in micro-tube experiment
Authors: Wang Shuoliang , Liu Pengcheng , Zhao Hui , Zhang Yuan
Published: November 2017

Micro-tube experiment has been implemented to understand the mechanisms of governing microcosmic fluid percolation and is extensively used in both fields of micro electromechanical engineering and petroleum engineering. The measured pressure difference across the microtube is not equal to the actual pressure difference across the microtube. Taking into account the additional pressure losses between the outlet of the micro tube and the outlet of the entire setup, we propose a new method for predicting the dynamic capillary pressure using the Level-set method. We first demonstrate it is a reliable method for describing microscopic flow by comparing the micro-model flow-test results against the predicted results using the Level-set method. In the proposed approach, Level-set method is applied to predict the pressure distribution along the microtube when the fluids flow along the microtube at a given flow rate; the microtube used in the calculation has the same size as the one used in the experiment. From the simulation results, the pressure difference across a curved interface (i.e., dynamic capillary pressure) can be directly obtained. We also show that dynamic capillary force should be properly evaluated in the micro-tube experiment in order to obtain the actual pressure difference across the microtube.
The spectral, spatial and contrast sensitivity of human polarization pattern perception
Authors: Misson Gary P. , Anderson Stephen J.
Published: November 2017

It is generally believed that humans perceive linear polarized light following its conversion into a luminance signal by diattenuating macular structures. Measures of polarization sensitivity may therefore allow a targeted assessment of macular function. Our aim here was to quantify psychophysical characteristics of human polarization perception using grating and optotype stimuli defined solely by their state of linear polarization. We show: (i) sensitivity to polarization patterns follows the spectral sensitivity of macular pigment; (ii) the change in sensitivity across the central field follows macular pigment density; (iii) polarization patterns are identifiable across a range of contrasts and scales, and can be resolved with an acuity of 15.4 cycles/degree (0.29 logMAR); and (iv) the human eye can discriminate between areas of linear polarization differing in electric field vector orientation by as little as 4.4°. These findings, which support the macular diattenuator model of polarization sensitivity, are unique for vertebrates and approach those of some invertebrates with a well-developed polarization sense. We conclude that this sensory modality extends beyond Haidinger’s brushes to the recognition of quantifiable spatial polarization-modulated patterns. Furthermore, the macular origin and sensitivity of human polarization pattern perception makes it potentially suitable for the detection and quantification of macular dysfunction.
SPIONs for cell labelling and tracking using MRI: magnetite or maghemite?
Authors: Barrow Michael , Taylor Arthur , Fuentes-Caparrós Ana M. , Sharkey Jack , Daniels Luke M. , Mandal Pranab , Park B. Kevin , Murray Patricia , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , Adams Dave J.
Published: November 2017

SPIONs consisting predominantly of magnetite or maghemite display distinct chemical stability in solution but equivalent imaging properties when in cells.
The role of the σ-holes in stability of non-bonded chalcogenide⋯benzene interactions: the ground and excited states
Authors: Sedlak Robert , Eyrilmez Saltuk M. , Hobza Pavel , Nachtigallova Dana
Published: November 2017

Different characters of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) in the ground and excited states of chalcogenides are responsible for changes in conformer stability of T-shape and stacked non-bonded chalcogenide–benzene complexes upon electronic excitation.
A spectroscopic study on the satellite vibronic band in phosphorescent Pt-complexes with high colour purity
Authors: Son Mi Rang , Cho Yang-Jin , Son Ho-Jin , Cho Dae Won , Kang Sang Ook
Published: November 2017

The major origin of the satellite vibration band in emission spectra is the stretching of the terminal groups, which can be confirmed by IR and Raman spectroscopic techniques.
Tuning the electronic properties of bilayer group-IV monochalcogenides by stacking order, strain and an electric field: a computational study
Authors: Li Ze-Yu , Liu Ming-Yang , Huang Yang , Chen Qing-Yuan , Cao Chao , He Yao
Published: November 2017

As the isoelectronic counterpart of phosphorene, monolayer group IV–VI binary MX (M = Ge, Sn; X = Se, S) compounds have drawn considerable attention in recent years.
Stability and spectral properties of the dication Ne2+2
Authors: Ackermann J. , Hogreve H.
Published: November 2017

Two different types of metastable states in Ne2+2 are predicted and possible decay transitions as well as the ensuing lifetimes and intensity distributions are studied.
Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to unravel the electronic relaxation dynamics of photoexcited molecules
Authors: Fielding Helen H. , Worth Graham A.
Published: November 2017

Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements combined with quantum chemistry and dynamics calculations allow unprecedented insight into the electronic relaxation mechanisms of photoexcited molecules in the gas-phase.
Controlling with light the interaction betweentrans-tetrapyridyl ruthenium complexes and an oligonucleotide
Authors: van Rixel Vincent H. S. , Moolenaar Geri F. , Siegler Maxime A. , Messori Luigi , Bonnet Sylvestre
Published: November 2017

The visible light irradiation of fourtrans-tetrapyridyl ruthenium complexes controls adduct formation with a 12-mer oligonucleotide. In the dark virtually no adduct forms, while light-activation leads to the binding of one or two ruthenium complexes to the oligonucleotide.
Curcumin as a functional food-derived factor: degradation products, metabolites, bioactivity, and future perspectives
Authors: Tsuda Takanori
Published: November 2017

Challenges and future perspectives of curcumin health benefit research.
In vitro inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase by spherical and polygonal starch nanoparticles
Authors: Jiang Suisui , Li Man , Chang Ranran , Xiong Liu , Sun Qingjie
Published: November 2017

Nanoparticles are novel and fascinating materials for tuning the activities of enzymes.
Machine learning to detect signatures of disease in liquid biopsies – a user's guide
Authors: Ko Jina , Baldassano Steven N. , Loh Po-Ling , Kording Konrad , Litt Brian , Issadore David
Published: November 2017

New technologies that measure sparse molecular biomarkers from easily accessible bodily fluids (e.g.blood, urine, and saliva) are revolutionizing disease diagnostics and precision medicine.
Study of the interactions of influencing parameters on electrocatalytic determination of dopamine by a carbon paste electrode based on Fe(ii)–clinoptilolite nanoparticles
Authors: Ghasemi Niloufar , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza
Published: November 2017

In this study, after ion exchange of clinoptilolite nanoparticles (CLN) in Fe(ii) solution, the prepared Fe(ii)–CLN was used for the modification of a carbon paste electrode (CPE).
Cross-linked chitosan with a dicationic ionic liquid as a recyclable biopolymer-supported catalyst for cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with epoxides into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Taheri Masoud , Ghiaci Mehran , Shchukarev Andrey
Published: November 2017

A dicationc ionic liquid was synthesized and immobilized on chitosan as a catalyst for cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides for synthesis of cyclic carbonates.
Appreciation of symmetry in natural product synthesis
Authors: Bai Wen-Ju , Wang Xiqing
Published: November 2017

This review defines symmetric molecules from a synthetic perspective and shows various strategies that take advantage of molecular symmetry to construct them.
Hydrogen-free reductive amination using iron pentacarbonyl as a reducing agent
Authors: Afanasyev Oleg I. , Usanov Dmitry L. , Chusov Denis
Published: November 2017

The concept of hydrogen-free reductive amination can be expanded to metal carbonyls as reducing agents, which can lead to more selective approaches in organic synthesis. The synthetic value of the developed methodology was demonstrated by efficient preparation of a representative range of amines. The reaction proceeds well even in the case of poorly reactive ketones such as benzophenone.
Quantitative measurement of transport properties: Ag-doped nanocrystalline CdS thin films
Authors: Singh Baljinder , Singh Janpreet , Kaur Ramneek , Moudgil R. K. , Tripathi S. K.
Published: November 2017

This work highlights the transport properties of undoped and Ag doped nc-CdS thin films for optoelectronic devices.
Non-additive impacts of covalent cross-linking on the viscoelastic nanomechanics of ionic polyelectrolyte complexes
Authors: Han Biao , Ma Tianzhu , Vergara John H. , Palmese Giuseppe R. , Yin Jie , Lee Daeyeon , Han Lin
Published: November 2017

This study elucidates the influences of adding covalent cross-linking on the nanomechanical viscoelasticity of ionically cross-linked polyelectrolyte networks.
Solvent-free synthesis of the cellulose-based hybrid beads for adsorption of lead ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Li Y. , Chen M. D. , Wan X. , Zhang L. , Wang X. , Xiao H.
Published: November 2017

Modified cellulose hybrid beads were synthesised as absorbents for Pb2+removal and CaCO3was utilized to increase pore structure.
Preparation and characterization of novel naphthyl epoxy resin containing 4-fluorobenzoyl side chains for low-k dielectrics application
Authors: Na Tianyi , Jiang Hao , Zhao Liang , Zhao Chengji
Published: November 2017

The novel naphthyl epoxy resin was synthesized and cured with MeHHPA. It showed significantly lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss than other commercial epoxy resins due to the introduction of fluorine on the side chains.
Synthesis of poly(n-hexyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)viaanionic polymerization witht-BuOK as the initiator at ambient temperature
Authors: Zheng Anna , Su Ling , Li Zheng , Zou Guijin , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong
Published: November 2017

Initiation mechanism oft-BuOK on anionic polymerization ofn-HMA in THF.
Ultrasensitive room-temperature ethanol detection based on Au functionalized nanoporous SnO2/C60/SnO2 composites
Authors: Shao Shaofeng , Wang Wei , Chen Yunyun , Wang Yunfei , Koehn Ralf
Published: November 2017

An Au functionalized nanoporous SnO2/C60/SnO2 gas sensor exhibits an extremely sensitive, selective sub-ppm level ethanol gas detection at room temperature.
Optical glucose sensors based on hexagonally-packed 2.5-dimensional photonic concavities imprinted in phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel films
Authors: Bajgrowicz-Cieslak Magdalena , Alqurashi Yousef , Elshereif Mohamed Ismail , Yetisen Ali K. , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Butt Haider
Published: November 2017

A glucose-responsive hydrogel that changes its volume when exposed to different glucose concentrations was used to measure the glucose levels under physiological conditions.
Carbon nanospecies affecting amyloid formation
Authors: Holubova M. , Konefał R. , Moravkova Z. , Zhigunov A. , Svoboda J. , Pop-Georgievski O. , Hromadkova J. , Groborz O. , Stepanek P. , Hruby M.
Published: November 2017

Carbon nanospecies (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, carbon quantum dots) were tested for amyloidogenicity to estimate their potential as health hazards.
Single-faced flame resistance of cotton fabrics modifiedviamist copolymerization
Authors: Yang Zewen , Zhang Yanyan , Fu Feiya , Liu Xiangdong
Published: November 2017

Mist copolymerization for fabricating single-sided flame retardant cotton fabrics.
Theoretical studies on the reaction kinetics of methyl crotonate with hydroxyl radical
Authors: Zhou Xueyao , Zhai Yitong , Ye Lili , Zhang Lidong
Published: November 2017

The potential energy surfaces (PES) for the reactions of methyl crotonate (MC) with hydroxyl radical, including H-abstraction and OH-addition, were explored by the QCISD(T)/CBS//M062x/6-311++G(d,p) and CBS-QB3 methods, respectively.
Effective Ca-doping in Y1−xCaxBaCo2O5+δ cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Du Zhihong , Yan Chunlin , Zhao Hailei , Zhang Yang , Yang Chunyang , Yi Sha , Lu Yao , Świerczek Konrad
Published: November 2017

Y1−xCaxBaCo2O5+δ double perovskites exhibit good structural stability and excellent cell performance, making them a promising cathode for IT-SOFCs.
Stabilization of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics by adding alginate to enhance their biological performances
Authors: Li Xiangfeng , Deng Yanglong , Wang Menglu , Chen Xuening , Xiao Yumei , Zhang Xingdong
Published: November 2017

It is of significance to further improve the bioactivity of existing calcium phosphate (Ca–P) biomaterials to satisfy the needs of regenerative medicine.
Penetration and drug delivery of albumin nanoparticles into pancreatic multicellular tumor spheroids
Authors: Lu Hongxu , Noorani Lubna , Jiang Yanyan , Du Alice W. , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: November 2017

Albumin-based nanoparticles have been exploited as a useful carrier for the efficient delivery of anti-cancer drugs.
Facile preparation of a high-quality copper layer on epoxy resin via electroless plating for applications in electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Wang Yan , Ni Li-juan , Yang Fan , Gu Fu-qiang , Liang Kun , Marcus Kyle , Wan Ya-dong , Chen Jin-ju , Feng Zhe-sheng
Published: November 2017

A convenient and low-cost approach to fabricate a high-quality copper layer on epoxy resin via electroless plating for applications in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is introduced in this paper.
Evaluation of lattice dynamics, infrared optical properties and visible emissions of hexagonal GeO2 films prepared by liquid phase deposition
Authors: Sun Yabin , Xu Weili , Fu Xiaohong , Sun Zihan , Wang Junyong , Zhang Jinzhong , Rosenbach Daniel , Qi Ruijuan , Jiang Kai , Jing Chengbin , Hu Zhigao , Ma Xueming , Chu Junhao
Published: November 2017

GeO2 films with thicknesses from 10 to 22 μm have been deposited on polished Si(100) substrates using liquid phase deposition.
A surface-modified TiO2 nanorod array/P(VDF–HFP) dielectric capacitor with ultra high energy density and efficiency
Authors: Liao Shudi , Shen Zhonghui , Pan Hao , Zhang Xin , Shen Yang , Lin Yuan-Hua , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: November 2017

A surface-modified TiO2 nanorod array/P(VDF–HFP) dielectric capacitor has an ultrahigh energy density of 17.5 J cm−3 at 509 kV mm−1.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis and the testicular function are modulated after silver nanoparticle exposure
Authors: Cavallin M. D. , Wilk R. , Oliveira I. M. , Cardoso N. C. S. , Khalil N. M. , Oliveira C. A. , Romano M. A. , Romano R. M.
Published: November 2017

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial and medical applications and humans may be exposed through different routes, increasing the risk of toxicity.
In‐situ and quantitative analysis of aged silicone rubber materials with laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Xilin Wang , Xiao Hong , Ping Chen , Chenlong Zhao , Zhidong Jia , Liming Wang , Qishen Lv , Ronghui Huang , Shungui Liu
Published: November 2017

Due to their weak weather ability, the ageing process of organic silicone rubber composites remarkably influences the service performance of composite insulators and bushings, especially in high‐voltage transmission lines. In this study, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for analysing ageing composite insulator sheds for potential on‐site application. A spectrum was recorded after each laser pulse and the element composition of ablated materials with different depth was observed. A calibration curve that revealed linear relationship between C, Si, Al spectrum line intensity and corresponding element concentration was established with the result of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy test. Regularly line intensities of C, Si and Al changed dramatically from the surface to the bulk layer. Given the number of laser pulses with varying element concentrations, as well as the linear relationship described above, the depth of ageing layer could be calculated immediately. Also, the result was verified by secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscope. LIBS method can be a promising and efficient technique to assess the ageing state of composite materials on site.
Wide‐area measurement system‐based online calculation method of PV systems de‐loaded margin for frequency regulation in isolated power systems
Authors: Liao Siyang , Xu Jian , Sun Yuanzhang , Bao Yi , Tang Bowen
Published: November 2017

This study proposes a photovoltaic (PV) systems de‐loaded margin online calculation method that allows PVs to participate in isolated power system frequency regulation with a proper de‐loaded margin. The de‐loaded margin determines PVs' frequency regulation capacity. The larger de‐loaded margin of PVs provides more reserve capacity for frequency regulation, while more economic benefits are sacrificed correspondingly. Therefore, a tradeoff between PVs' economic benefit and their frequency regulation reserve capacity is necessary. Taking into account these two factors, a dynamic calculation method of PVs optimal de‐loaded margin based on the systems real‐time operation condition is proposed. Real‐time monitoring of the systems operation condition is realised by wide‐area measurement system. The calculated de‐loaded margin can meet the system frequency regulation requirement with PVs' minimum economic loss. RTDS simulation is conducted in an actual industrial isolated system driven by thermal power and PVs to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modification of surface characteristic and tribo-electric properties of polymers by DBD plasma in atmospheric air
Authors: Bekkara Mohammed Fethi , Dascalescu Lucien , Benmimoun Youcef , Zeghloul Thami , Tilmatine Amar , Zouzou Noureddine
Published: November 2017

The aim of this paper is to quantify the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) exposure on the physico-chemical and tribo-electric properties of polymers. The study was conducted in atmospheric air on polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl-chloride. These three types of polymers are widely used in industry. The polymers were characterized by means of an optical profilometer, a fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and an electric charge measurement system. The latter is composed of a Faraday pail connected to an electrometer. The profilometer analyses showed that the DBD plasma treatment has increased the surface roughness of the three polymers. FTIR revealed that oxygen atoms and polar groups were grafted on their surfaces, thereby conferring them a hydrophilic character. The short (2 sec) DBD plasma treatment has considerably improved the electrostatic charge acquired by the polymers during electrostatic tribo-charging, while longer exposures conferred the polymer anti-static properties and decreased its tribo-charging capability. The correlation between the results of the physico-chemical analyses and the tribo-electric behavior has been discussed.
Regioselective and Room-Temperature Carbon–Carbon Bond Activation of Cyclopropanes by Rhodium(II) Porphyrin
Authors: Chan Kin , Feng Shiyu
Published: November 2017

Regioselective carbon–carbon bond activation of cyclopropanes by RhII(tmp) (tmp = 5,10,15,20-tetramesitylporphyrinato dianion) was achieved at room temperature under neutral conditions to yield corresponding rhodium–porphyrin alkyls. This reaction can tolerate water, and functional groups are compatible.
Synthesis of Malononitrile-Substituted Diarylmethines via
1,6-Addition of Masked Acyl Cyanides to para-Quinone Methides
Authors: Enders Dieter , Zhao Kun , Zhi Ying , Wang Ai
Published: November 2017

An efficient method for the synthesis of malononitrile-substituted­ diarylmethines through 1,6-conjugate addition of para-quinone­ methides with masked acyl cyanide (MAC) reagents has been developed. Under mild conditions, the scalable reaction occurs in good to excellent yields providing a straightforward access to a series of malononitrile-substituted diarylmethines. The synthetic utility of this protocol has been demonstrated in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Synthesis of Novel Hybrid 4H-Pyran-lipoic and 4H-Pyran-azetidine Derivatives
Authors: Vázquez Miguel , Hernández-Borja Fernando , Contreras Leticia , López Julio , Alcaraz Yolanda , Cruz David , Estrada-Soto Samuel , Delgado Francisco
Published: November 2017

In this study, a molecular hybridization strategy was used to design and synthesize two novel series of hybrid compounds: 4H-pyran-lipoic and 4H-pyran-azetidine, employing ammonium hydroxide and involving the participation of aldehydes, malononitrile, and compounds derived from β-ketoesters to obtain the products with good yields.
The Latest Developments of Functional Molecular Imaging in the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Naruse Mitsuhide , Umakoshi Hironobu , Tsuiki Mika , Yokomoto Maki , Tagami Tetsuya , Tanabe Akiyo , Shimatsu Akira
Published: November 2017

Differentiation of unilateral from bilateral aldosterone hypersecretion is the essential step in the clinical practice of primary aldosteronism (PA). Although adrenal venous sampling (AVS) has been established as the most standard test recommended by the guideline, its invasive and technically difficult nature has facilitated the approach to develop non-invasive functioning imaging as an alternative test. Compared to the conventional adrenocortical scintigraphy with cholesterol derivatives as tracer, the first-generation imaging, both of 11C-MTO/PET and 123I-IMTO/SPECT/CT, the second-generation imaging, bind with high specificity and affinity to CYP11B enzymes and have advantages in shortening the time for obtaining specific images, reducing the radiation exposure to the patient, and resolution of the images. Because of very short half-life of 11C-MTO, 123I-IMTO has a potential for a wider application than 11C-MTO. Sensitivity of identifying an adenoma smaller than 1 cm in diameter is still a common limitation of these new functional imaging methods. The new functional imaging could be supplementary to AVS in lateralization of PA when the results of AVS are not conclusive. To be a substitute for AVS, however, it should fulfill various conditions including high selectivity and binding affinity to CYP11B2, high sensitivity in detecting small adenoma, high resolution image, reduction of radiation exposure, and general versatility. Considering the potential number of patients, cost-effectiveness of the subtype testing in the clinical practice of PA could be one of the issues of the medical expenses. Thus, development of a new non-invasive functional imaging will have a significant impact on the clinical practice of PA and hypertension.
Deutschsprachige Übersetzung und Validierung der Risikobereitschaftskurzskala (RBS-K) für Risikosportarten
Authors: Frühauf Anika , Niedermeier Martin , Ruedl Gerhard , Barlow Matthew , Woodman Tim , Kopp Martin
Published: November 2017

Hintergrund Die Ausübung von Risikosportarten scheint sich steigender Beliebtheit zu erfreuen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wird gegenwärtig als validiertes Erhebungsinstrument in Bezug auf das Risikoverhalten im Sport vorwiegend die Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-V) zum Einsatz gebracht. Neben der langen Bearbeitungsdauer diskutiert die neuere Literatur einen zu einseitigen Blickwinkel dieses Instruments auf die Erlebniserfahrung. Die englischsprachige Risikobereitschaftskurzskala (RBS-K) ist ein kurzer Fragebogen zur Erhebung des Risikoverhaltens bei der Sportausübung. Sie besteht aus drei Fragen und wurde speziell zur Anwendung in der Feldforschung konzipiert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Validierung der RBS-K in deutscher Sprache.

Methodik Zur Validierung wurden 2399 Personen befragt, welche eine Risikosportart ausüben (820 Feld- und 1579 Onlineerhebungen). Die RBS-K, die aus dem Englischen ins Deutsche hin- und rückübersetzt wurde, teilt die Personengruppe in risikofreudige (Mittelwert + Standardabweichung) und risikoaverse Personen (Mittelwert – Standardabweichung) ein. Als Außenkriterien wurden die SSS-V und die Verwicklung in ein Unfallgeschehen abgefragt. Untersucht wurden die interne Konsistenz sowie Korrelationen zu SSS-V, Alter, Geschlecht und Unfallgeschehen. Gruppenunterschiede in den Außenkriterien wurden zwischen risikofreudigen und risikoaversen Personen berechnet.

Ergebnisse Die interne Konsistenz der RBS-K zeigt ein Cronbachs alpha von 0,56 und ein McDonalds omega von 0,63. Es ergaben sich signifikante Korrelationen zwischen RBS-K und SSS-V, sowie Alter und Geschlecht. Im Vergleich zu den risikoaversen Personen (n = 643, 26,8 %) erreichten die risikofreudigen Personen (n = 319, 13,3 %) einen signifikant höheren SSS-V Gesamtscore, sowie signifikant höhere Werte in den einzelnen SSS-V Subskalen. Des Weiteren waren sie signifikant jünger, hauptsächlich männlich und hatten eine höhere Unfallverwicklung.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz der geringen internen Konsistenz, die vorwiegend auf die unterschiedlichen Dimensionen und die geringe Itemanzahl der Kurzskala zurückzuführen sind, diskriminiert die RBS-K gut auf Außenkriterien wie Alter, Geschlecht und Unfallgeschehen gemäß dem aktuellen Wissensstand. Des Weiteren zeigten sich akzeptable Korrelationen zur SSS-V. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse und durch die kompakte Form erscheint die Skala gut geeignet für Erhebungen im Feld.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy in treatment-naïve achalasia patients versus prior treatment failure cases
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Chavan Radhika , Tandan Manu , Kalapala Rakesh , Darisetty Santosh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Rao G. , Reddy D.
Published: November 2017

Background and study aim Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for achalasia. Prior treatment may affect the outcomes of subsequent management. In this study, we aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of POEM in treatment-naïve patients vs. those with prior treatment failure (PTF).

Patients and methods The data of consecutive patients with achalasia who underwent POEM at a single tertiary care center from January 2013 to November 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. A comparative analysis was performed between treatment-naïve and PTF cases. Technical and clinical success, adverse events, and operative time for POEM were compared between the two groups.

Results Overall, 502 patients with achalasia underwent POEM during the study period: 260 patients (51.8 %) in the treatment-naïve group and 242 patients (48.2 %) in the PTF group. The mean operative time was significantly longer in the PTF group compared with the treatment-naïve group (74.9 ± 30.6 vs. 67.0 ± 27.1 minutes; P  = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, type of achalasia, dilated esophagus ( > 6 cm), disease duration, prior treatment, occurrence of adverse events, and type of knife used were significant predictors of operative time. Technical success (98.1 % vs. 97.1 %; P = 0.56) and clinical success (92.4 % vs. 92.5 %; P  = 0.95) were comparable in the treatment-naïve and PTF cases, respectively. Occurrence of gas-related events and mucosotomy were similar in both groups. Elevated DeMeester score was found in 17 /53 patients (32.1 %) in the PTF group and in 11 /44 patients (25.0 %) in the treatment-naïve group (P = 0.50).

Conclusion POEM is safe and equally effective for treatment-naïve patients and for those in whom prior treatment has failed. POEM should be considered the treatment of choice in patients in whom prior treatment has failed.
Diabetische Nephropathie - Grundlagen und Hintergründe
Authors: Löwe Paula , Chatzikyrkou Christos , Mertens Peter
Published: November 2017

Eine Nephropathie als Komplikation des Diabetes mellitus tritt bei 30 % aller Patienten auf und ist weltweit die häufigste Ursache für eine Dialysepflichtigkeit. Die Prognose quoad vitam ist bei eingetretener Dialysepflichtigkeit vergleichbar mit der eines metastasierten Magenkarzinoms. Risikofaktoren für eine Nierenschädigung sind eine genetische Prädisposition, stark schwankende und erhöhte Blutzuckerwerte sowie ein unkontrollierter Bluthochdruck. In der Pathogenese wurden metabolische und hämodynamische Faktoren untersucht, jedoch nicht alleinig prognosebestimmend gefunden. Eher stehen inflammatorische und fehlgeleitete Vernarbungsprozesse im Fokus, molekulare Prozesse sind bislang unvollständig verstanden. Dies könnte erklären, warum individuelle Risikoabschätzungen ohne zusätzliche Informationen über Nierenveränderungen nur unbefriedigend möglich sind. Histologisch fallen in den Nieren verbreiterte Basalmembranen auf, zudem treten in den Nierenkörperchen diffuse oder knötchenartige (noduläre, Kimmelstiel-Wilson-Läsion) Vernarbungen auf. Demnach entspricht die diabetische Nephropathie nicht einer singulären Entität, sondern weist Unterformen auf, die (histo-)morphologisch differenzierbar sind, jedoch bislang selten bioptisch nach festgeschriebenen Kriterien eingeteilt werden. Spezifische therapeutische Interventionen über allgemein nephroprotektive Maßnahmen hinaus zur Vermeidung einer Nierenschädigung bei Diabetes sind bislang nicht etabliert. Interventionen bedürften Einsichten in krankheitsverursachende Pathomechanismen und Prognoseabschätzungen.
Die Progression der Nierenerkrankung – wie ist sie zu verhindern? - Allgemeine therapeutische Ansätze für jeden CKD-Patienten
Authors: Schneider Markus , Hilgers Karl
Published: November 2017

Ist aufgrund eines chronischen Nierenversagens eine Nierenersatztherapie notwendig, ist dies mit einer vergleichsweise schlechten Lebensqualität und einer hohen Mortalitätsrate assoziiert. Daher ist die Verlangsamung der Progression einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung ein wichtiges Ziel. Eine besonders wichtige Intervention ist die Einstellung des Blutdrucks mit einem Zielwert von maximal 140/90 mmHg, bei Patienten mit einer Albuminurie sogar von maximal 130/80 mmHg. Besteht eine Albuminurie, sollten bevorzugt Inhibitoren des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems eingesetzt werden – und zwar abhängig vom Diabetesstatus und von der Schwere der Albuminurie (Patienten Diabetes und Albuminurie ≥ 30 mg/Tag; Patienten ohne Diabetes, aber mit einer Albuminurie > 300 mg/Tag). Mineralocorticoid- und Endothelinrezeptorenblocker scheinen neue antiproteinurische Strategien zu ermöglichen, wenn auch ihre positiven Effekte auf die Nierenfunktion noch zu validieren sind. Ein HbA1c-Zielwert von etwa 7,0 % kann bei Patienten mit einer diabetischen Nierenerkrankung ebenfalls dazu beitragen, die Progression der Niereninsuffizienz zu verlangsamen. Darüber hinaus gilt heute die SGLT-2-Inhibition mit Empagliflozin als kardiovaskulär und renal protektiv. Aktuellen Studiendaten zufolge können auch eine Korrektur der metabolischen Azidose und das Vermeiden eines akuten Nierenversagens die Patienten vor einer Progression des Nierenschadens schützen.
Prenylated Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds from the Rhizomes of Marine Phanerogam Cymodocea nodosa
Authors: Smadi Abla , Ciavatta Maria , Bitam Fatma , Carbone Marianna , Villani Guido , Gavagnin Margherita
Published: November 2017

Chemical investigation of the rhizomes of the marine phanerogam Cymodocea nodosa resulted in the isolation of two new prenylated flavon-di-O-glycosides, cymodioside A (1) and B (2), along with known phenolic compounds 3–7, some of which never reported from seagrasses to date. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. In addition, the absolute configuration of 4-(2,5-dihydroxyhexyl) benzene-1,2-diol (7), which was not previously reported in the literature, has been now determined.
Business Continuity Management Put to the Test: A Drama in Two Acts
Authors: Kruis Anne-Marie , Sneller Lineke
Published: November 2017

This teaching case brings the true story of a destructive fire at mobile phone company Vodafone in The Netherlands to life. The fire has had a huge impact on the company, its customers, and society at large. The story illustrates the impact of mobile phone communication disturbances, and crisis communication within organizations. The case is suitable for classes of bachelor students in business economics or information technology, and for executive education. The case is written as a play, which enables course participants to engage in experiential learning. Materials provided include actual communication material developed by Vodafone during the crisis.