bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Messung von Unterrichtsplanungskompetenz im Fach Sachunterricht: Empirische Befunde zur Kompetenzentwicklung angehender Grundschullehrkräfte auf Grundlage einer mehrdimensionalen Kompetenzstruktur
Authors: Kirsch Alexander
Published: August 2022

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden nach ausführlicher theoretischer Diskussion des Kompetenzbegriffs und der Definition von Kompetenz als Können ein Modell sachunterrichtlicher Planungskompetenz sowie ein daran anschließendes Messinstrument vorgestellt. Im Hinblick auf den Einsatz dieses Instrumentes im Rahmen einer Evaluation des nordrhein-westfälischen Praxissemesters stellen sich Fragen nach der psychometrischen Struktur der Testauswertung. Da das Instrument sowohl zur Testung von Sachunterrichtsstudierenden mit dem Lehramtsprofil ‚Grundschule‘ als auch von Sachunterrichtsstudierenden mit sonderpädagogischem Schwerpunkt eingesetzt werden soll, ist zu zeigen, dass die Testergebnisse nicht durch den gewählten Studiengang beeinflusst werden. Im Beitrag werden Rohdaten aus einer Studie an der Universität Paderborn (n = 121) genutzt, um eine fünfdimensionale Modellstruktur gegen eine eindimensionale zu testen und empirisch gestützte Argumente für eine mehrdimensionale Skalierung zu generieren. Durch Differential-Item-Functioning-Analysen wird geprüft, ob die Itemschwierigkeiten mit dem Merkmal ‚Studiengang‘ interagieren, sodass sie sich trotz gleicher Kompetenzausprägung für Untersuchungsteilnehmende beider Studierendengruppen signifikant unterscheiden und zu einer diagnostischen Verzerrung führen würden. Abschließend wird der beispielhafte Einsatz des Instrumentes im Rahmen einer Wirksamkeitsanalyse in Bezug die Effektivität des nordrhein-westfälischen Praxissemesters an der Universität Paderborn (n = 26) dargelegt. Aus den differenzierten Ergebnissen werden unter anderem erste Hinweise auf Defizite in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerausbildung abgeleitet.
Unilateral Agenesis of Diaphragm with Bilateral Renal Agenesis: An Anomaly Diagnosed Prenatally During a NT Scan (11–14 Weeks)
Authors: Shashi Kumar N. S.
Published: August 2022

Unilateral agenesis of the diaphragm with bilateral renal agenesis is an extremely rare lethal developmental anomaly. A detailed evaluation of fetal organs during nuchal translucency scan is required to diagnose this type of developmental anomaly. Detecting lethal developmental abnormality at an early gestational period (11–14 weeks) will be invaluable in facilitating the decision to terminate the pregnancy. Termination in the first trimester reduces psychological stress to the parents. We present a rare case of combined developmental anomaly which has never been reported in the literature.
Fertility predicts self-development-oriented competitiveness in naturally cycling women but not hormonal contraceptive users
Authors: Arthur Lindsie C. , Blake Khandis R.
Published: August 2022

Objective

A growing body of research has begun investigating the relationship between hormones and female competitiveness. Many researchers have focused on the effect of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives. Despite many attempts at understanding hormone-behavior associations, contradictory findings have made it difficult to determine the existence of true effects. The aim of the current research was to use a robust methodological design to investigate the effect of fertility probability on four competitive orientations in naturally cycling women and hormonal contraceptive users.

Methods

Using a longitudinal diary study with over 3,900 observations from 21 countries, we explore the effect of fertility probability on four self-report competitive orientations after controlling for menstruation: self-developmental competition, hyper competitiveness, competition avoidance, and lack of interest toward competition.

Results

Using Bayesian estimation for ordinal mixed models, we found that fertility probability was associated with an increase in self-development competitiveness amongst naturally cycling women but not hormonal contraceptive users. We also found weak evidence that hormonal contraceptive users show reduced interest in competing compared to naturally cycling women. There were no other robust effects of fertility or hormonal contraceptive use.

Conclusions

These results suggest that fertility probability is associated with increased fluctuations in self-development competitive motivation and that hormonal contraceptives interfere with this effect. This research contributes to the growing body of literature suggesting that hormonal contraceptives may influence psychology and behavior by disrupting evolved hormonal mechanisms.
Modeling algorithmic bias: simplicial complexes and evolving network topologies
Authors: Pansanella Valentina , Rossetti Giulio , Milli Letizia
Published: August 2022

Every day, people inform themselves and create their opinions on social networks. Although these platforms have promoted the access and dissemination of information, they may expose readers to manipulative, biased, and disinformative content—co-causes of polarization/radicalization. Moreover, recommendation algorithms, intended initially to enhance platform usage, are likely to augment such phenomena, generating the so-calledAlgorithmic Bias. In this work, we propose two extensions of the Algorithmic Bias model and analyze them on scale-free and Erdős–Rényi random network topologies. Our first extension introduces a mechanism of link rewiring so that the underlying structure co-evolves with the opinion dynamics, generating theAdaptive Algorithmic Biasmodel. The second one explicitly models a peer-pressure mechanism where a majority—if there is one—can attract a disagreeing individual, pushing them to conform. As a result, we observe that the co-evolution of opinions and network structure does not significantly impact the final state when the latter is much slower than the former. On the other hand, peer pressure enhances consensus mitigating the effects of both “close-mindedness” and algorithmic filtering.
Ghost Hunting in the Broken Archives: Re-Historicizing Digital Education in an Institutional Context
Authors: Gallagher Michael , Nicol Stuart , Breines Markus
Published: August 2022

Digital education is often presented as breaking from tradition. A failure to account for how digital education emerges from historical institutional activity is problematic insofar as this activity continues to circulate through the present and future, appearing and disappearing in often unexpected ways. Using Derrida’s hauntology as a theoretical lens, this paper traces how a digital education initiative at the University of Edinburgh in 2003 carried through to the creation of a course to train teachers to teach online in 2019, which in turn informed the university’s response to the pandemic in 2020. Working in a broadly autoethnographic way alongside archival document analysis, several findings emerged. First, hauntology provides a mechanism for institutions to trace their own histories and to note how these histories, often hidden in archives or carried forward into the present by hosts, inform their present and future trajectories. Second, broken archives, those that have ceased to function as active repositories but are disconnected from institutional domains and ontologies, shut due to absent gatekeepers, or merely forgotten, contribute​ to the sudden and often unexpected emergence of hauntings in present and future trajectories. Third, curation of the archive is an act of reinterpretation, one that troubles historical narratives and introduces new hauntings. All these findings assert a re-historicizing of digital education by emphasising the hauntings from the past that inform its emergent present and contested future, countering many of the ahistorical imaginaries of digital education.
Contractibility of vector-valued Köthe echelon algebras
Authors: Piszczek Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

We give a characterization of those vector-valued Köthe echelon algebras which are contractible.
Proclus Timaeus
Authors: Proclus
Published: August 2022

This volume of Proclus' commentary on Plato's Timaeus records Proclus' exegesis of Timaeus 27a–31b, in which Plato first discusses preliminary matters that precede his account of the creation of the universe, and then moves to the account of the creation of the universe as a totality. For Proclus this text is a grand opportunity to reflect on the nature of causation as it relates to the physical reality of our cosmos. The commentary deals with many subjects that have been of central interest to philosophers from Plato's time onwards, such as the question whether the cosmos was created in time, and the nature of evil as it relates to physical reality and its ontological imperfection.
Marketing Ultra-Processed Food and Beverages to Children in Latin America: Business Responsibilities and State Duties
Authors: Guarnizo-Peralta Diana
Published: August 2022

Exposure to the marketing of ultra-processed food and beverages has been proven to be detrimental to children’s health. This article explores this issue from a business and human rights perspective, with the purpose of understanding businesses’ responsibilities and states’ duties with respect to the deliberate marketing of ultra-processed products to children. To this end, this article refers to the three pillars of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, as well as to international human rights law. Its analysis looks not only at the normative content of obligations, responsibilities and rights under international law, but also at their implementation and at current challenges within the Latin American context.
Daughters of Tradition, Mothers of Invention: Music, Teaching, and Gender in Evolving Contexts
Authors: Wrazen Louise
Published: August 2022

Since the 1980s, I have been observing members of the Polish Górale community teaching their music and dance in Canada. Over these years I have witnessed several generations continuing or being initiated into a “so-called traditional music of a particular place” (Wolf 2009b:5), that is, the mountains of southern Poland, while otherwise participating in a local culture quite different from that being taught in Canada and the US. Both women and men have been devoting their valuable time to teaching children how to sing, dance, and play in the Górale style (po góralsku) in preparation for a variety of ensemble-based performances. Being variously involved in these activities over the years has led me to consider this transmission process. This paper builds from this experience to reflect more generally on music and dance learning in contemporary contexts and deliberately focuses on the ongoing human component in a process now greatly facilitated by new technologies. In particular, it considers music learning as it relates to paradigmatic gendered performance styles that have been recontextualized within evolving intercultural settings.
Some Implications of Local Concepts of Space in the Dance, Music, and Visual Arts of Aceh
Authors: Kartomi Margaret
Published: August 2022

Design in Acehnese dance, music, and visual arts is guided by four general concepts of space. Theupstream-downstreamconcept, governed by the centuries-old tendency to travel to the forests upstream and the coastal towns downstream, is associated with Animist-Hindu-Buddhist mysticism and commercial success respectively, resulting in methods of creating arts and crafts that belong either to upstream or downstream areas or both (in the latter case, for example, in the making of the great frame drums). Traces of thecardinal directionalconcept of space, with a similar Animist-Hindu-Buddhist background, link the directions to dominant colours used in artists' costumes, performance arena backdrops, embroideries, paintings, and other arts and crafts. Thegeometricconcept governs formations of dancer-musicians and musician-dancers in a performance arena, as well as some traditional visual art designs and some modern paintings. Probably dating back to the pre-Dông-son era (before c. 300 B.C.E.), this concept is expressed in various linear, circular, square, and concentric designs. Finally, thecentral-point-in-a-circleconcept of space is believed to have its parallels in Perso-Arabic thinking and points to Aceh's links with Persian, Moghul, Turkish, and Arabic cultures over the past millennium. It governs mosque-centred town planning, some visual art designs and some formations of dancers and musicians who circle around their leader at the centre point. Parallels between the Acehnese performing and visual arts lie in their application of the principle of freedom versus form. The creative invention and free ornamentation of leading singers and dancers contrast with the melodic and textual symmetry, disciplined compactness, and cyclic redundancy of their group followers, just as the artistic creator of a visual artwork invents an original design within stylistic limits while also using some cyclically repetitive border designs.
The Coupling of Soil Water and Leaf Phenology Observed by Satellite During Australian Bushfires in 2019–2020
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Shi Wenzhong , Zhang Min , Hao Ming , Zhang Hua , Sun Yangjie
Published: August 2022

Water and energy fluxes at the interface between the surface of the earth and the atmosphere depend strongly on soil moisture. Surface soil moisture (SSM) participates in natural phenomena such as evaporation, infiltration and runoff. From 2019 to 2020, bushfires in Australia caused changes in the runoff of surface water, the transpiration of vegetation, and evapotranspiration of the soil, subsequently affecting the soil water cycle. However, the dynamics of surface soil water content during large‐scale bushfires are still not completely understood. Here, we report on patterns of seasonal variation in SSM and vegetation leaf phenology in Australia, identified using L‐band radiometric measurements of soil moisture taken by the soil moisture and ocean salinity mission from 2011 to 2020. This study reveals a decrease in the leaf area index in affected regions of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, and Tasmania. The observed seasonal variations in SSM are highly synchronous with those of leaf phenology in northern and northeastern Australia. However, the development of the leaf area lags behind that of SSM for up to 90 days in the southeastern subtropical woodlands. The time lag between leaf area development and SSM in the southwest is about 60 days. Bushfires can lead to the decrease of evapotranspiration hence shortening the time lag between SSM and leaf phenology. Our results offer insights into the variations in SSM during bushfires, the relationship between SSM and leaf phenology in Australia, and lay a foundation for improving models of ecological hydrology during bushfires.
An Analysis of the Stability and Trends in the LST_cci Land Surface Temperature Datasets Over Europe
Authors: Good E. J. , Aldred F. M. , Ghent D. J. , Veal K. L. , Jimenez C.
Published: August 2022

Long‐term satellite land surface temperature (LST) data are desirable to augment 2m air temperatures (T2m) measured in situ and as an independent measure of surface temperature change. However, previous studies show variable agreement between LST and T2m time series. The objective of this study is to assess the stability and trends in six new LST data sets from the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative for LST (LST_cci). LST anomalies are compared with homogenized station T2m anomalies over Europe, which verifies all six data sets are well coupled (LST vs T2m anomaly correlations and slopes: 0.6–0.9). The temporal stability of the LST_cci data is assessed through a comparison with the T2m anomaly time series. Only the LST_cci data sets for the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and the Advanced Along‐Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) appear stable; the MODIS/Terra, ATSR‐2, and multisensor InfraRed and MicroWave data sets show non‐climatic discontinuities associated with changes in sensor and/or drift over time. For MODIS/Aqua (2002–2018), significant trends in LST of 0.64–0.66 K/decade compare well with the equivalent T2m trends of 0.52–0.59 K/decade. The LST and T2m trends for AATSR (2002–2012) are found to be statistically insignificant, likely due to the comparatively short study period and specific years available for analysis. No evidence is found to suggest that trends calculated using cloud‐free InfraRed observations are affected by clear‐sky bias. This study suggests that satellite LST data can be used to assess warming trends over land and for other climate applications if the required homogeneity is assured.
Observations of Electron Vorticity and Phase Space Holes in the Magnetopause Reconnection Separatrix
Authors: Ahmadi Narges , Eriksson Stefan , Newman David , Andersson Laila , Ergun Robert E. , Wilder Frederick D.
Published: August 2022

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of two electron vortices with a roughly 10 km or 2–3 electron skin depths cross‐section across the magnetospheric separatrix of a dayside magnetopause reconnection structure. The enhanced electron vorticity, which is caused by a significant velocity shear in the electron flows streaming in opposite directions along northward‐directed magnetic field lines, leads to perturbations perpendicular to the reconnecting magnetic field on the order of 1–2 nT. The high electron vorticity periods are also associated with electron phase space holes having the largest bipolar parallel electric field amplitudes ∼25 mV/m observed across this exhaust. Less intense ∼10 mV/m electron phase space holes propagate along a northward magnetic field away from the X‐line within a northward reconnection exhaust. The electron phase space holes with the largest bipolar parallel electric fields are observed to propagate toward the X‐line within discrete channels of southward and super‐Alfvénic 1,500 km/s electron flows in the magnetospheric separatrix layer.
Independent replication of advanced brain age in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: detection of future cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Karim Helmet T. , Aizenstein Howard J. , Mizuno Akiko , Ly Maria , Andreescu Carmen , Wu Minjie , Hong Chang Hyung , Roh Hyun Woong , Park Bumhee , Lee Heirim , Kim Na-Rae , Choi Jin Wook , Seo Sang Won , Choi Seong Hye , Kim Eun-Joo , Kim Byeong C. , Cheong Jae Youn , Lee Eunyoung , Lee Dong-gi , Cho Yong Hyuk , Moon So Young , Son Sang Joon
Published: August 2022

We previously developed a novel machine-learning-based brain age model that was sensitive to amyloid. We aimed to independently validate it and to demonstrate its utility using independent clinical data. We recruited 650 participants from South Korean memory clinics to undergo magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessments. We employed a pretrained brain age model that used data from an independent set of largely Caucasian individuals (n = 757) who had no or relatively low levels of amyloid as confirmed by positron emission tomography (PET). We investigated the association between brain age residual and cognitive decline. We found that our pretrained brain age model was able to reliably estimate brain age (mean absolute error = 5.68 years, r(650) = 0.47, age range = 49–89 year) in the sample with 71 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 375 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 204 with dementia. Greater brain age was associated with greater amyloid and worse cognitive function [Odds Ratio, (95% Confidence Interval {CI}): 1.28 (1.06–1.55), p = 0.030 for amyloid PET positivity; 2.52 (1.76–3.61), p < 0.001 for dementia]. Baseline brain age residual was predictive of future cognitive worsening even after adjusting for apolipoprotein E e4 and amyloid status [Hazard Ratio, (95% CI): 1.94 (1.33–2.81), p = 0.001 for total 336 follow-up sample; 2.31 (1.44–3.71), p = 0.001 for 284 subsample with baseline Clinical Dementia Rating ≤ 0.5; 2.40 (1.43–4.03), p = 0.001 for 240 subsample with baseline SCD or MCI]. In independent data set, these results replicate our previous findings using this model, which was able to delineate significant differences in brain age according to the diagnostic stages of dementia as well as amyloid deposition status. Brain age models may offer benefits in discriminating and tracking cognitive impairment in older adults.
Role of necroptosis in airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: focus on small-airway disease and emphysema
Authors: Liu Chanjing , Li Peijun , Zheng Jiejiao , Wang Yingqi , Wu Weibing , Liu Xiaodan
Published: August 2022

Airflow limitation with intractable progressive mechanisms is the main disease feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathological process of airflow limitation in COPD involves necroptosis, a form of programmed necrotic cell death with pro-inflammatory properties. In this paper, the correlations of small-airway disease and emphysema with airflow limitation in COPD were firstly reviewed; then, based on this, the effects of necroptosis on small-airway disease and emphysema were analysed, and the possible mechanisms of necroptosis causing airflow limitation in COPD were explored. The results showed that airflow limitation is caused by a combination of small-airway disease and emphysema. In addition, toxic particulate matter stimulates epithelial cells to trigger necroptosis, and necroptosis promotes the expulsion of cell contents, the abnormal hyperplasia of pro-inflammatory mediators and the insufficient clearance of dead cells by macrophages; these processes, coupled with the interaction of necroptosis and oxidative stress, collectively result in small-airway disease and emphysema in COPD.
Treatment of allergic eosinophilic asthma through engineered IL-5-anchored chimeric antigen receptor T cells
Authors: Chen Sisi , Chen Gaoying , Xu Fang , Sun Beibei , Chen Xinyi , Hu Wei , Li Fei , Syeda Madiha Zahra , Chen Haixia , Wu Youqian , Wu Peng , Jing Ruirui , Geng Xinwei , Zhang Lingling , Tang Longguang , Li Wen , Chen Zhihua , Zhang Chao , Sun Jie , Chen Wei , Shen Huahao , Ying Songmin
Published: August 2022

Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) is a therapy-resistant respiratory condition with poor clinical control. Treatment efficacy and patient compliance of current therapies remain unsatisfactory. Here, inspired by the remarkable success of chimeric antigen receptor-based cellular adoptive immunotherapies demonstrated for the treatment of a variety of malignant tumors, we engineered a cytokine-anchored chimeric antigen receptor T (CCAR-T) cell system using a chimeric IL-5-CD28-CD3ζ receptor to trigger T-cell-mediated killing of eosinophils that are elevated during severe asthma attacks. IL-5-anchored CCAR-T cells exhibited selective and effective killing capacity in vitro and restricted eosinophil differentiation with apparent protection against allergic airway inflammation in two mouse models of asthma. Notably, a single dose of IL-5-anchored CCAR-T cells resulted in persistent protection against asthma-related conditions over three months, significantly exceeding the typical therapeutic window of current mAb-based treatments in the clinics. This study presents a cell-based treatment strategy for SEA and could set the stage for a new era of precision therapies against a variety of intractable allergic diseases in the future.
Symmetric or asymmetric glide resistance to twinning disconnection?
Authors: Gong Mingyu , Ma Houyu , Yang Kunming , Liu Yue , Nie Jian-Feng , Wang Jian
Published: August 2022

Successive gliding of twinning disconnections (TDs) creates three-dimensional twins in parent crystal and accommodates shear deformation. It is generally recognized that TD is subject to the same Peierls stress as it glides forward or backward because of its dislocation character and the twofold rotation symmetry of the twin plane. Based on atomistic simulations, we demonstrate that the glide of TDs may be subject to a symmetric or asymmetric resistance corresponding to step character, symmetric resistance for A/A type steps but asymmetric resistance for A/B type steps, where A and B represent crystallographic planes in twin and matrix. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the asymmetric resistance results in asymmetric propagation and growth of twins in Mg alloys.
Molecular data storage with zero synthetic effort and simple read-out
Authors: Bohn Philipp , Weisel Maximilian P. , Wolfs Jonas , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: August 2022

Compound mixtures represent an alternative, additional approach to DNA and synthetic sequence-defined macromolecules in the field of non-conventional molecular data storage, which may be useful depending on the target application. Here, we report a fast and efficient method for information storage in molecular mixtures by the direct use of commercially available chemicals and thus, zero synthetic steps need to be performed. As a proof of principle, a binary coding language is used for encoding words in ASCII or black and white pixels of a bitmap. This way, we stored a 25 × 25-pixel QR code (625 bits) and a picture of the same size. Decoding of the written information is achieved via spectroscopic (1H NMR) or chromatographic (gas chromatography) analysis. In addition, for a faster and automated read-out of the data, we developed a decoding software, which also orders the data sets according to an internal “ordering” standard. Molecular keys or anticounterfeiting are possible areas of application for information-containing compound mixtures.
A machine learning framework supporting prospective clinical decisions applied to risk prediction in oncology
Authors: Coombs Lorinda , Orlando Abigail , Wang Xiaoliang , Shaw Pooja , Rich Alexander S. , Lakhtakia Shreyas , Titchener Karen , Adamson Blythe , Miksad Rebecca A. , Mooney Kathi
Published: August 2022

We present a general framework for developing a machine learning (ML) tool that supports clinician assessment of patient risk using electronic health record-derived real-world data and apply the framework to a quality improvement use case in an oncology setting to identify patients at risk for a near-term (60 day) emergency department (ED) visit who could potentially be eligible for a home-based acute care program. Framework steps include defining clinical quality improvement goals, model development and validation, bias assessment, retrospective and prospective validation, and deployment in clinical workflow. In the retrospective analysis for the use case, 8% of patient encounters were associated with a high risk (pre-defined as predicted probability ≥20%) for a near-term ED visit by the patient. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for future ED events was 26% and 91%, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) of ED visit (high- vs. low-risk) was 3.5 (95% CI: 3.4–3.5). The model appeared to be calibrated across racial, gender, and ethnic groups. In the prospective analysis, 10% of patients were classified as high risk, 76% of whom were confirmed by clinicians as eligible for home-based acute care. PPV and NPV for future ED events was 22% and 95%, respectively. OR of ED visit (high- vs. low-risk) was 5.4 (95% CI: 2.6–11.0). The proposed framework for an ML-based tool that supports clinician assessment of patient risk is a stepwise development approach; we successfully applied the framework to an ED visit risk prediction use case.
Fast and noninvasive electronic nose for sniffing out COVID-19 based on exhaled breath-print recognition
Authors: Nurputra Dian Kesumapramudya , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Hakim Mohamad Saifudin , Hidayat Shidiq Nur , Julian Trisna , Sumanto Budi , Mahendradhata Yodi , Saktiawati Antonia Morita Iswari , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Triyana Kuwat
Published: August 2022

The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) approach has been widely used to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, instead of using it alone, clinicians often prefer to diagnose the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by utilizing a combination of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory test, imaging measurement (e.g., chest computed tomography scan), and multivariable clinical prediction models, including the electronic nose. Here, we report on the development and use of a low cost, noninvasive method to rapidly sniff out COVID-19 based on a portable electronic nose (GeNose C19) integrating an array of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, optimized feature extraction, and machine learning models. This approach was evaluated in profiling tests involving a total of 615 breath samples composed of 333 positive and 282 negative samples. The samples were obtained from 43 positive and 40 negative COVID-19 patients, respectively, and confirmed with RT-qPCR at two hospitals located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Four different machine learning algorithms (i.e., linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, stacked multilayer perceptron, and deep neural network) were utilized to identify the top-performing pattern recognition methods and to obtain a high system detection accuracy (88–95%), sensitivity (86–94%), and specificity (88–95%) levels from the testing datasets. Our results suggest that GeNose C19 can be considered a highly potential breathalyzer for fast COVID-19 screening.
Modelling and analyzing the glass-like heat transfer behavior of rare-earth doped alkaline earth fluoride crystals
Authors: Liu Kexin , Bian Gang , Zhang Zhen , Ma Fengkai , Su Liangbi
Published: August 2022

Based on the “three-stage” heat transfer behavior of rare-earth doped CaF2 crystals, numerical models at different stages for the thermal conductivity of rare earth doped fluorides are proposed to study the mechanism of glass-like heat conduction.
Recent advances in studying the nonnegligible role of noncovalent interactions in various types of energetic molecular crystals
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Zhu Weihua
Published: August 2022

This highlight summarizes the research progress on the considerable effects of noncovalent interactions on diverse types of energetic materials and enlighten us to explore new factors that affect the key performance of explosives.
A Cr2O3-doped graphene sensor for early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis: a first-principles study
Authors: Bhateja Yuvam , Ghosh Ritam , Sponer Jiri , Majumdar Sanhita , Cassone Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

Via Density Functional Theory approaches including the U correction, here we suggest that chromium-oxide-doped graphene (Cr2O3–graphene) heterostructures can be exploited as sensors of key liver cirrhosis biomarkers, such as limonene.
Investigation of the electron transfer properties between metal centers in binuclear and trinuclear cyanido-bridged mixed valence complexes with cis/trans-configuration
Authors: Xu Qing-Dou , Zeng Chen , Su Shao-Dong , He Yong , Liu Yang , Hu Sheng-Min , Wu Xin-Tao , Sheng Tian-Lu
Published: August 2022

The presence of the other terminal metal fragment Cp(dppe)FeIII results in the higher MMCT energy of cis-2[PF6]4 than that of cis-1[PF6]2. In the trinuclear cyanido-bridged complexes, the trans-configuration is more beneficial for MMCT than the cis-configuration.
8-Hydroxyquinoline-modified ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes for JMJD inhibition and photodynamic antitumor therapy
Authors: Ma Xiurong , Lu Junjian , Yang Peixin , Zhang Zheng , Huang Bo , Li Rongtao , Ye Ruirong
Published: August 2022

The successful design and anticancer mechanistic studies of a series of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes with jumonji C domain-containing demethylase (JMJD) inhibitory and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activities are reported.
Sandwich-type CoSe2-CNWs@rGO/S composites with efficient trapping and catalytic conversion of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhou Yuxiang , Zhang Jianwei , Zhao Chenyuan , Shi Tianyu , Yin Haihong , Song Changqing , Qin Lin , Wang Zhiliang , Shao Haibao , Yu Ke
Published: August 2022

Sandwich-type CoSe2-CNWs@rGO/S cathodes were constructed to maximize sulfur utilization, limit sulfur agglomeration, and endure volume expansion during cycling.
Self-assembly of fish-bone and grid-like CoII-based single-molecule magnets using dihydrazone ligands with NNN and NNO pockets
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Wang Guo-Lu , Zhang Yi-Quan , Tang Jinkui
Published: August 2022

Fish-bone and [2 × 2] grid-like CoII-based complexes constructed using symmetrical dihydrazone ligands exhibit field-induced single-molecule magnet properties at various dc fields.
Typical organic fouling in the electrodialysis concentration/desalination process of shale gas fracturing flowback water
Authors: Cui Weijie , Liu Jie , Ji Zhiyong , Guo Xiaofu , Li Fei , Zhao Yingying , Wang Shizhao , Yuan Junsheng
Published: August 2022

Electrodialysis (ED) is a perspective technology in the treatment and reclamation of fracturing flowback water (FFW).
A new breakthrough in the P recovery from sewage sludge ash by thermochemical processes
Authors: Fiameni Laura , Fahimi Ario , Federici Stefania , Cornelio Antonella , Depero Laura E. , Bontempi Elza
Published: August 2022

A new microwave-assisted hybrid heating process allows providing thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash, with the formation of bioavailable phosphate compounds.
Synthesis, physical properties, and OFET characteristics of a propeller-shaped molecule with a dithiarubicene blade
Authors: Tsukamoto Kenji , Takagi Koji , Jinnai Seihou , Ie Yutaka , Hara Mitsuo , Fukushima Takanori
Published: August 2022

In order to control the orientation of the π-conjugated system on the substrate, we focused on the molecular shape and synthesized a quasi-3D molecule (Tris-DDB) having a propeller structure as well as two reference molecules.
White light phosphorescence from ZnO nanoparticles for white LED applications
Authors: Das Sagnik , Ghorai Uttam K. , Dey Rajib , Ghosh Chandan K. , Pal Mrinal
Published: August 2022

Point defect-mediated, reproducible, stable, and intense white phosphorescence from a single-phase solid has been reported for the first time.
Recent ring distortion reactions for diversifying complex natural products
Authors: Li Yu , Cheng Shihao , Tian Yun , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Yu
Published: August 2022

The ring distortion reactions recently used in complexity-to-diversity and pseudo natural product strategies for diversifying complex natural products have been overviewed.
Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells using manganese-doped nickel oxide as the hole transport layer
Authors: Wu You-Wei , Chang Chih-Yu , Chiu Fu-Bing , Yang Sheng-Hsiung
Published: August 2022

The device based on a Mn-doped NiOx HTL retained 70% of its initial efficiency after 35 days’ storage under a continuous halogen lamp matrix exposure.
Influence of crosslinking density on the mechanical and thermal properties of plant oil-based epoxy resin
Authors: Huang Jinrui , Fu Pan , Li Wenbin , Xiao Laihui , Chen Jie , Nie Xiaoan
Published: August 2022

Plant oil-based epoxy resins are of great interest due to their ecological and economic necessity. In this study, the relationship between the crosslinking density and the thermo-mechanical properties of tung oil-based epoxy resins was established.
Nano-interfaced tungsten oxide decorated on layered double hydroxides for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Krishankant  , Aashi  , Ahmed Zubair , Alagar Srinivasan , Gaur Ashish , Kaur Rajdeep , Bagchi Vivek
Published: August 2022

The OER kinetics got enhanced abruptly when WO3 NPs were formed on the surface of the CoFeLDH nanosheet. The catalyst operates with an overpotential of 270 mV to drive a current density of 20 mA cm−2, exhibiting a Tafel slope value of 120 mV dec−1.
High-χ, low-N micelles from partially perfluorinated block polymers
Authors: Williams Eric R. , van den Bergh Wessel , Stefik Morgan
Published: August 2022

High-χ conditions from fluorophobic block polymers enable persistent micelles with core blocks consisting of just 11 mer units and having elongated conformations.
Supporting Access to Mental Health Services for Patients Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Proposed Framework and Suggestions for Future Directions
Authors: Noyes Adrianna M. , Wilkinson Krista M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this review article is to examine interacting factors that affect the psychotherapeutic process for patients who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This is examined from two perspectives: (a) how the skills and needs brought by the individual with communication disabilities influence the process of therapy and (b) how the individual's ecological systems may affect an individual's mental health and their access to mental health supports. Understanding these factors will guide future efforts aimed at ensuring that individuals with communication disorders have adequate access to services and supports for mental health.

Method:

A narrative synthesis approach was used to explore the interaction of psychotherapy and the use of AAC. Existing research in the fields of psychotherapy and speech-language pathology was examined for its relevance to issues of communication using AAC. Specifically, information was synthesized concerning mental health, prevalence rates of mental health diagnoses, the provision of traditional psychotherapy, and communicating via AAC in order to describe the intersection of psychotherapy and AAC. This narrative synthesis approach sought to initiate discussion of relevant factors that may affect the psychotherapeutic process for patients who use AAC.

Results:

A variety of factors may affect the psychotherapeutic process for patients who use AAC. Bronfenbrenner's (1977) Ecological Systems Theory was used to explore access to mental health services for individuals who use AAC at the levels of microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Such factors include alterations to communication between patient and psychotherapist, skills brought by the patient, involvement of a communication assistant and/or speech-language pathologist, education and skill level of the psychotherapist, appropriateness of billing codes, and system and policy factors that may affect the provision of mental health services to patients who use AAC.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to explore the factors that affect the provision of psychotherapy for patients who use AAC in order to more fully address the mental health needs of individuals with communication disorders. Further research is needed to determine the impacts of these factors and ways to address those impacts.
Adversity Exposure, Syntax, and Specific Language Impairment: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Selin Claire , Rice Mabel L. , Jackson Yo
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Children exposed to adversity (e.g., chronic poverty, traumatic events, and maltreatment) are at increased risk for performing below age expectations on norm-referenced language assessments, but it is unknown whether the risk is higher for specific language impairment (SLI). This exploratory study investigated whether adversity exposure is associated with reduced grammar knowledge and SLI.

Method:

The syntax subtest of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Norm-Referenced (DELV-NR) assessment was administered to 30 school-age children with known histories of adversity exposure. Their primary caregiver also completed a comprehensive adversity exposure measure, which captured adverse event type, frequency, chronicity, and severity. Analyses included
t
tests, correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests, and chi-square.

Results:

Overall, the sample performed below age expectations on the DELV-NR Syntax subtest, and a higher percentage of participants (20%) met diagnostic criteria for SLI than expected. The SLI and typical language (TL) groups did not significantly differ in adversity dosage, frequency, chronicity, or severity; however, participants in the SLI group were 1.46 times more likely to have experienced physical trauma than the participants in the TL group.

Conclusions:

Children with known histories of adversity exposure presented with grammatical deficits and SLI more often than expected based on the DELV-NR normative sample; however, features of the adverse event did not associate with SLI status except for exposure to physical trauma (e.g., physical abuse and victimization). Future research is needed to investigate the prevalence and potential causal pathways of SLI in this population.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20483706
Reconfigurable battery systems: Challenges and safety solutions using intelligent system framework based on digital twins
Authors: Garg Akhil , Mou Jianhui , Su Shaosen , Gao Liang
Published: August 2022

Research on Reconfigurable Battery Systems (RBS) is gaining emphasis over the traditional fixed topology of the battery pack due to its advantages of adapting flexible topology (series‐parallel) during its operation in the pack for meeting the non‐linear time‐dependent load requirements. There could emerge serious issues such as those related to safety due to malfunction of the switching circuit, heat generation from switches during frequent switching of circuits, charging temperature rise, increased charging time, sensing issues arising from the use of low‐accuracy voltage/current sensors, state of charge/state of health estimation, and cost issues due to the use of increasing number of switches, fuses, contactors, relays, circuit breakers etc. To address these mentioned issues, the problem of optimal switching circuit topology for RBS is formulated as a mathematical multi‐objective optimisation problem. An intelligent system framework based on digital twins is proposed. The proposed framework is further extended to a life cycle management approach that includes the interactions among pack design, pack assembly and operational and recycling levels. This could provide greater access of real‐time big data cloud storage to the battery designers, manufacturers and recycling industries, who can make use of it to optimise their designs, systems and operations.
Diagnosis of inter‐turn short circuit in excitation winding of pumped storage unit based on frequency‐resolved circulation spectrum
Authors: Qi Peng , Li Yonggang , Ma Minghan , Wu Yucai
Published: August 2022

The online monitoring of inter‐turn short‐circuit (ITSC) faults in excitation windings of pumped storage units is easily affected by static air‐gap eccentricity (SAGE) and armature response, and the early fault characteristics cannot be easily identified effectively. To address these problems, this study proposes a frequency‐resolved circulation spectrum (FRCS) fault diagnosis method for ITSC faults in excitation windings. Firstly, the equation for the same phase multi‐branch circulation under SAGE compound ITSC conditions is derived based on the structural characteristics of pumped storage units and electromagnetic induction relations, and obtains the characteristic harmonics of the loop current caused by ITSC faults. Secondly, this study introduces the implementation method of FRCS, considering a pumped storage unit with a generation capacity of 334 MVA as the research object. This study develops a two‐dimensional finite element simulation model, calculates the magnitude of the in‐phase branch circulation at different fault levels, extracts the corresponding time and frequency domain spectrum and FRCS, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method based on comparative experiments. Finally, based on the MJF‐30‐6 Synchronous Generator Experimental Platform in the Power System Dynamic Simulation Laboratory, ITSC operation at different fault levels is simulated, and the corresponding in‐phase branch current data are collected for FRCS analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the method can effectively eliminate SAGE and armature reaction interference, identify early weak ITSC faults and visualise the severity of faults in the form of pixel dots.
Electromagnetic and experimental analyses of a low‐cost miniature tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator for miniature compressor applications
Authors: Khalid Sumeet , Khan Faisal , Ullah Basharat , Ahmad Zahoor , Milyani Ahmad H. , Alghamdi Sultan
Published: August 2022

This article presents a miniature tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator (MT‐MMLOA) that operates on an electro dynamic actuation mechanism. The proposed linear oscillating actuator comprises two main parts: the stator and the mover. In this topology, the stator assembly is composed of a modular C‐core structure along with a separator to prevent flux cancelation, and the mover assembly accommodates axially magnetised permanent magnets (PMs) that contribute to high thrust force generation and present a less costly actuator compared to the conventional actuator design. The finite element analysis is performed and validated experimentally. Numerous linear oscillating actuator topologies proposed previously in the literature are compared with MT‐MMLOA to analyse the electromagnetic performance. The results show that the motor constant, which is the performance parameter, is significantly increased from the conventional design. The PM volume is reduced, which is cost‐effective. The overall volume of MT‐MMLOA is also reduced due to reduction in the PM volume, which is advantageous for compactness. Consequently, the proposed MT‐MMLOA is simple in structure, less costly, and easy to fabricate.
Surrogate‐based model using auto‐encoder for optimising multi‐band antennas
Authors: Um Kwi Seob , Kim Nam Jik , Heo Seo Weon
Published: August 2022

This paper suggests an optimisation method to design multi‐band antenna using artificial neural networks. The proposed network, surrogate‐based model using auto‐encoder (SBM‐AE), is composed of two parts, ordinary neural network and auto‐encoder. First, the front neural network predicts the encoded antenna characteristics and then decodes the predicted data to obtain the antenna characteristics. After training the encoder to obtain a characteristic signature vector, the front neural network regresses only the characteristic signature vectors, reducing the complexity and number of parameters of the neural network. This not only reduces the training time but also significantly reduces the number of training data required. We confirm the effectiveness of the design method by designing a multi‐band antenna where the proposed SBM‐AE required 270 training data while the conventional neural network without auto‐encoder needed 1350 training data to achieve comparatively the same error rate.
Raising religious inherency: the role of interreligious competence in achieving religious education equality in multireligious public schools in Indonesia
Authors: Utami Pratiwi Tri
Published: August 2022

This case study examines the challenges in providing religious education (RE) for all religions in Indonesia in a variety of diverse settings. These challenges in RE equality include interreligious competence, especially the tendency for tolerance, as expressed from the perspectives of multireligious teachers and students in public schools. This study uses purposeful random sampling to examine elementary and junior high schools and reveal barriers to providing RE for all religions, especially in rural areas. A number of barriers, including the minimum number of students, lack of human resources, limited school budget, and area conditions, contribute to the lack of awareness in providing enough religious subject teachers for all religious students. These challenges influence the tendency for tolerance in RE inequality. The decision of Muslim and non-Muslim teachers and students to accept and respect these conditions is meant to create a peaceful school environment and to be conducive to learning. This acceptance and respect represent a tolerant attitude towards maintaining the coexistence of a multireligious society in the school context. This study suggests that interreligious competence in a multireligious society increases religious inherency.