bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a latex agglutination test based on VH antibody fragment for detection of Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Chidkoksung Kiratika , Parakasikron Nattihda , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai , Khantasup Kannika
Published: April 2024

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important porcine pathogen that causes diseases in both swine and human. For rapid SS2 identification, a novel latex agglutination test (LAT) based on heavy-chain variable domain antibody (VH) was developed. Firstly, the soluble 47B3 VH antibody fragment from a phage display library, in which cysteine residues were engineered at the C-terminus, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was then gently reduced to form monomeric soluble 47B3 VH subsequently used to coat with latex beads by means of site-specific conjugation. The resulting VH-coated beads gave a good agglutination reaction with SS2. The LAT was able to distinguish S. suis serotype 2 from serotype 1/2, which shares some common sugar residues, and showed no cross-reaction with other serotypes of S. suis or other related bacteria. The detection sensitivity was found to be as high as 1.85x106 cells. The LAT was stable at 4°C for at least six months without loss of activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LAT based on a VH antibody fragment that can be considered as an alternative for conventional antibody-based LAT where VHs are the most favored recombinant antibody.
Microcomputed tomography analysis of curved root canal preparation when coronal flaring and glide path files used with heat-treated nickel titanium rotary files
Authors: AbuMostafa Ammar , Alrefaie Mohammed M. , Abu-Mostafa Nedal , Algahtani Fahda N.
Published: April 2024

The objective was to evaluate the effect of glide path and coronal flaring on the dentin volume removal and percentage of touched walls in curved canals using two heat-treated rotary files. The mesiobuccal canal of forty-eight, randomly selected, extracted mandibular molars was divided into two groups of 24 each, according to the type of instrument used (RACE EVO and EdgeSequel rotary files). Each group was further divided into three subgroups; Group (A): Control using one file shaped to 04/30, Group (B) with a glide path (EdgeGlidePath (EGP)), and Group (C): with a glide path and coronal flaring (EGP and EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP) SX file respectively). The root canals were then instrumented using the assigned instruments. The assessment was carried out using micro-CT. The comparison of the mean values of the tested groups about dentin volume removal and percentage of untouched walls did not reach statistical significance (p<0.05). Glide path and coronal flaring had an insignificant effect on the dentin volume removal and percentage of untouched walls in curved canals.
EndoGeneAnalyzer: A tool for selection and validation of reference genes
Authors: Teixeira Eliel Barbosa , Khayat André Salim , Assumpção Paulo Pimentel , Casseb Samir Mansour , Moreira-Nunes Caroline Aquino , Moreira Fabiano Cordeiro
Published: April 2024

The selection of proper reference genes is critical for accurate gene expression analysis in all fields of biological and medical research, mainly because there are many distinctions between different tissues and specimens. Given this variability, even in known classic reference genes, demands of a comprehensive analysis platform is needed to identify the most suitable genes for each study. For this purpose, we present an analysis tool for assisting in decision-making in the analysis of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. EndoGeneAnalyzer, an open-source web tool for reference gene analysis in RT-qPCR studies, was used to compare the groups/conditions under investigation. This interactive application offers an easy-to-use interface that allows efficient exploration of datasets. Through statistical and stability analyses, EndoGeneAnalyzer assists in the select of the most appropriate reference gene or set of genes for each condition. It also allows researchers to identify and remove unwanted outliers. Moreover, EndoGeneAnalyzer provides a graphical interface to compare the evaluated groups, providing a visually informative differential analysis.
Neoliberalismo e crise do capitalismo democrático
Authors: Benedito Sérgio Mendonça
Published: April 2024

Trabalhos recentes sobre o conceito e projeto político neoliberal ofereceram chaves para interpretações mais apuradas da atual conjuntura social, econômica e política – traduzida na crise do capitalismo democrático. O objetivo deste ensaio é explorar alguns dos principais argumentos de autores como Mirowski, Plehwe, Biebricher e Slobodian para colocá-los em diálogo com a produção recente do sociólogo Wolfgang Streeck. Com isso pretendo demonstrar que compreender o neoliberalismo em seus próprios termos propicia a superação de leituras muito concentradas no fundamentalismo de mercado e na suposta busca de um Estado mínimo. Desde a sua origem o projeto neoliberal implicava uma apropriação e direcionamento do Estado para uma certa concepção moral e social em que o mercado ocupa um lugar de destaque. Portanto, para aqueles e aquelas que visam contrapor o neoliberalismo é necessário igualmente construir um projeto político que vá além da dimensão econômica e desafie seu modelo de sociedade.
Atenção governamental e políticas públicas no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Gentile de , Nascimento Alessandra Santos , Lorenzo Helena Carvalho de
Published: April 2024

O artigo buscou entender a trajetória e a movimentação das políticas públicas ambientais brasileiras, sob a ótica da atenção governamental federal, no período de 1992 a 2012. O recorte temporal compreende um momento em que a discussão ambiental estava em voga no país, visto que este foi palco de duas importantes conferências internacionais, as chamadas: Rio-92 e Rio+20; bem como de mudanças institucionais relevantes na área. Para atingir tal objetivo, utilizou-se como objeto o “Painel de Legislação Ambiental”, elaborado pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente, para aplicação do Modelo do Equilíbrio Pontuado, desenvolvido por Baumgartner e Jones. Tal modelo se organiza a partir de uma metodologia de análise de conteúdo e propõe o uso de “unidades de codificação” para a apreciação de documentos textuais, a fim de caracterizar similaridades e diferenças entre políticas públicas analisadas, identificando o grau de prioridade que cada assunto recebeu em um determinado período. Para o exame do Painel optou-se pelos atos normativos como indicadores para medir as prioridades dos governantes e demais atores, pois tais instrumentos explicitam o conjunto de esforços destes com relação a proposição, discussão e aprovação de políticas públicas ambientais. A partir da aplicação da metodologia, concluiu-se que a agenda ambiental de maior atenção governamental foi a da "Biodiversidade", visto que está em evidência na produção normativa de todos os atores investigados: Poder Executivo, Poder Legislativo e Administração Pública Indireta.
Bolsa Família e COVID-19
Authors: Floriano Guilherme de Matos
Published: April 2024

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é seguir os atores envolvidos no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e delinear a rede que forma o programa — sejam estes atores humanos ou não-humanos. Na medida em que o PBF é dotado de agência, ele constitui um espaço social específico — uma rede sociotécnica — que mobiliza categorias e gera alterações e impactos na sociedade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é seguir os atores humanos e não humanos envolvidos no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e delinear a rede que forma o programa. Para tanto, a pesquisa se vale da etnografia. Nesse sentido, parte-se da hipótese de que o PBF é híbrido por constituir uma rede que passa pela ciência, pela sociedade e pelo discurso, sendo, portanto, real, coletiva e discursiva. Por conseguinte, é social nos termos de Latour. Tomando como premissa a ideia de que agregados sociais precisam ser explicados e não tomados como explicação, o social é composto por um princípio de conexões. Não existe “esfera da política” e “esfera da ciência”. Como espaço empírico crucial desse estudo, tem-se a Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social (SMADS) que se constitui enquanto local de referência da proteção social no Brasil juntamente dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS). O protagonismo da SMADS se deve ao fato de ser o espaço onde é alocada a gerência do Cadastro Único e a gestão do PBF, sendo assim responsável pelo contato das famílias com os programas sociais do Estado. O que se coloca, portanto, é que tal visão permitirá perceber os fenômenos sociais, econômicos e culturais que o constituem em sua magnitude, bem como, perceber o PBF enquanto um encontro entre beneficiários e o Estado o que, por fim, permitirá compreender como se dão tais disputas pelos significados mobilizadas no interior da efetivação do PBF, delineando sua rede e seu cosmograma.
A governança migratória no programa de interiorização de venezuelanos no município de João Pessoa (PB)
Authors: Pasquarelli Bruno Vicente Lippe
Published: April 2024

O estudo tem o objetivo de compreender como se deu a governança migratória no programa de interiorização de venezuelanos da Operação Acolhida no Brasil no âmbito do município de João Pessoa (PB). Desde meados de 2015, a Venezuela vive uma situação problemática, com crises políticas, econômicas e sociais que vêm agravando as condições de vida da população. Como desdobramento, pode-se notar um fenômeno migratório cada vez mais amplo, marcado por deslocamentos em massa para diversos países, como o Brasil. No país, a Operação Acolhida passou a atuar no ordenamento de fronteira, no acolhimento e na interiorização dos venezuelanos, podendo ser observada a partir da lógica da governança migratória multinível. Será utilizada a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, de recorte bibliográfico e sobretudo documental, delimitando os principais marcos nacionais de governança migratória através da análise de fontes primárias, como relatórios técnicos, legislações, regulamentos e portarias.
Some Biographical Notes on Artists of Sacred Sufi Painting in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Nasidi Nadir A.
Published: April 2024

The Sufi Islamic leader, Sheikh Ibrahim Niass first came to Kano in 1937. His repeated visits paved the way for the development of Sufi artists in Kano. Through their representational art, they celebrate the various Sufi saints, particularly those of the Qādiriyyah and Tijjāniyyah Sufi orders. This article puts the growth of Sufi representational art in the context of the history of Tijjāniyyah Islam in Kano by examining the biographies and works of six Kano artists and their sacred Sufi painting, from the 1980s to the present day. This article concludes that paintings of Sufi saints by these artists, which countered alternative aniconic views associated with some branches of Islam, contributed not only to the development of representational paintings in Kano, but also to the acceptance of Western media, styles, and techniques in their visual representations of such paintings.
Sanitation and Public Hygiene in Rural and Mining Communities in Southern Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), c. 1878–c. 1950
Authors: Amoako-Gyampah Akwasi Kwarteng
Published: April 2024

One of the enduring public health challenges confronting British colonial officials in colonial Ghana was the management of sanitation and public hygiene. Colonial officials charged that many Gold Coast communities presented sanitary challenges that posed a risk to public health. Thus, the need to ensure the sanitation of Gold Coast communities was one of the earliest preoccupations of the British colonial administration. Yet, many scholarly works on sanitation and public hygiene in colonial Ghana, in particular, and colonial Africa have focused mainly on urban areas. This article, thus examines how the British colonial administration managed sanitation and public hygiene in rural communities, mining towns and adjoining villages in southern Gold Coast. The article reveals that the colonial administration's attitude towards sanitation and public hygiene in rural and mining communities was passive and did not consider the management of sanitation in these areas as an important function of the colonial administration. Instead, sanitation and public hygiene work in rural communities were devolved to local chiefs who could hardly mobilize enough resources to address the many sanitary challenges. In mining areas, the task was assigned to mine managers whose commitment to ensuring proper sanitary arrangements within their African mining camps remained half-hearted.
Sowing Seeds, Harvesting Political Expectations
Authors: Hardin Sarah , County Brandon
Published: April 2024

This article addresses two understudied concerns in Senegalese historiography: the peripheral region of eastern Senegal during the twentieth century and rural perceptions and manifestations of Senegalese citizenship. It argues that farmers in sparsely populated eastern Senegal engaged with the colonial state primarily as members of the Sociétés de Prévoyance and successive state agricultural institutions rather than indirectly as members of Sufi brotherhoods. Acting as “farmer-citizens” of the postwar state rather than “peasant-members” of the Sociétés, rural residents impelled institutional reforms and inspired African politicians’ rhetoric. Despite (or perhaps because of) the changes wrenched by French colonialism and World War II, farmers advocated for a social contract based in Senegambian moral economies of agrarian production. Given the longstanding importance of regional migrant labor, farmers’ work arrangements affected the colonial and postindependence economy and statecraft. Senegalese and Malian farmers’ understandings and expectations of political belonging influenced the legislation of citizenship in mid-twentieth-century Senegal. This article uses colonial and postindependence administrative reports, Senegalese dissertations, and oral histories from the Senegal-Mali borderlands to find an articulation of agrarian citizenship attentive to jus seminum and jus sudoris rights based in seed and sweat that were brought to bear on existing civic and legal conceptions of citizenship based in jus sanguinis, jus soli, and jus culturae rights.
Ecologistas en Acción Madrid (2023). Operación Chamartín, una losa para Madrid. Suelo público, negocio privado
Authors: Camerin Federico
Published: April 2024

Ecologistas en Acción Madrid (2023). Operación Chamartín, una losa para Madrid. Suelo público, negocio privado. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños. 227 pp., ISBN: 978-84-124417-2-7
Covarrubias, J. E. y Toledo García, I. (Coords.: 2023). La modernización porfiriana vista por los viajeros
Authors: Millán Vargas Paulina
Published: April 2024

Covarrubias, J. E. y Toledo García, I. (Coords.: 2023). La modernización porfiriana vista por los viajeros. (Serie Historia Moderna y Contemporánea: 79). México: Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 236 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-7389-9
Alcántara Onofre, S. (2021). El Paisaje
Authors: Urroz Raquel
Published: April 2024

Alcántara Onofre, S. (2021).  El Paisaje. México: Semillero-Seminario de Cultura Mexicana. 104 pp. ISBN 978-607-97908-6-8
AMBIENTES VERDES RESTAURADORES E SAÚDE MENTAL: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Nogueira Zilda Rodrigues , Favareto Ana Paula Alves , Arana Alba Regina Azevedo
Published: April 2024

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar os estudos empíricos que compreendem a relação dos ambientes verdes e saúde mental enfocando na relação pessoa- ambiente. Para tanto, buscou-se responder à pergunta: Qual a relação entre as variáveis pessoa-ambiente em estudos empíricos, considerando as diferentes abordagens teóricas, os diferentes instrumentos metodológicos utilizados? As bases de dados escolhidas para a revisão foram Psycinfo, Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram selecionados 19 artigos, os quais foram analisados na íntegra e descritos quanto ao número de participantes, o método, os instrumentos utilizados e outras variáveis mensuradas. Foram usadas as seguintes palavras chave e combinações: “mental health” and “restorative environments”. Os resultados apontam a uma relação significativa entre as variáveis. Destaca-se que treze artigos descrevem a relação dos ambientes restauradores com saúde mental associando a promoção de qualidade de vida e redução dos níveis de estresse e fadiga mental. As relações bidirecionais entre ambientes verdes e diminuição direta do stress foram abordadas em apenas três artigos e questiona-se a escassez de estudos nessa direção.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LAND BORDER CLOSURES IN TWIN CITIES AIMING AT MITIGATING THE SPREAD OF SARS-COV-2 AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CITY’S CHARACTERISTICS AND COVID-19 INCIDENCE
Authors: Prada Yury Lizeth Cardozo , Gamarra Carmen Justina , Nampo Fernando Kenji
Published: April 2024

We investigated the effectiveness of closing land borders in Brazilian twin cities as a measure to mitigate the increase in Covid-19 cases. Our investigation comprised a controlled before-and-after study followed by a case-control study to evaluate associated factors influencing the rise in Covid-19 incidence. We utilized data encompassing all Covid-19 cases and deaths between August and December 2020. No association was found between border opening and the incidence rate neither among controls (381.00 [261.31-932.96] vs 394.64 [163.23–957.03] per 100,000 population, z=1.09, p=0.27), nor in the intervention group (246.89 [222.17–549.26] vs 231.70 [179.15–646.26] per 100,000 population, z=0.20, p=0.84). The same occurred regarding Covid-19 mortality rate in both control and intervention group (6.26 [2.09-14.66] vs 7.14 [2.88–16.79], z=0.53, p=0.59); (6.86 [5.23-16.54] per 100,000 population vs 4.43 [2.86-11.88] per 100,000 population, z=1.53, p=0.12), respectively. Subsequently, we found no association between population size, the presence of airports, distance between cities, border type, and the incidence of Covid-19. The lack of association between the reopening of international land borders and the characteristics of twin cities with the impact caused by Covid-19 should be considered when restricting the flow of people between twin cities during a pandemic.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DA RELAÇÃO DOS CASOS E ÓBITOS DA COVID-19 COM INDICADORES SOCIOECONÔMICOS E DE SAÚDE NO MARANHÃO
Authors: Alencar Larissa Karla Barros de , Caldas Arlene de Jesus Mendes , Ferreira Thais Furtado , Silva Tereza Cristina , Nina Larissa Neuza da Silva , Coutinho Nair Portela Silva , Soeiro Vanessa Moreira da Silva
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos e óbitos da COVID-19 e sua relação com indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde do Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico, cuja unidade de análise foram os 217 municípios maranhenses. Estimaram-se incidência, mortalidade e letalidade por COVID-19, a partir de informações da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado até agosto de 2022. O Moran Global verificou autocorrelação espacial com incidência, mortalidade e letalidade, o Moran Local identificou clusters de alto e baixo risco. Resultados: a COVID-19 apresentou-se de forma heterogênea e não aleatória no estado do Maranhão, constatou-se autocorrelação espacial positiva da incidência, mortalidade e letalidade. As variáveis que melhor explicaram a ocorrência da COVID-19 foram o índice de Gini, IDHM, IVS, cobertura da Atenção Básica, proporção de pobres, aglomeração domiciliar e analfabetismo. Conclusão: os indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde influenciaram a incidência, mortalidade e letalidade por COVID-19 no estado, devendo ser considerados na formulação de políticas públicas.
Investigation of Multi layered Mitigation Systems for Protection from 120mm Mortar HE Top Attacks
Authors: AboelSeoud Mohamed Abdel Khalik , Elshenawy Tamer Abdel Azeem
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the protection of reinforced concrete (RC) structures from the Mortar 120mm HE (high explosive) top attacks. Two multi-layered mitigation systems are proposed to be added on RC structures' roofs to achieve full protection against the Mortar 120mm destroying effects (i.e. ballistic penetration and explosion effects). The proposed mitigation systems combine relatively high-strength materials, to stop or slow down the projectile, with lightweight porous materials, to attenuate the explosion shock wave. Another function of the porous materials is to increase the thickness of the proposed mitigation systems and hence increasing the explosion stand-off distance. Traditional construction materials, steel and RC, were used as cheap high-strength materials, whereas commercial rigid polyurethane foam and light-weight brick were examined as shock wave absorbers. Two firing tests of the 120mm bomb from cannon barrels against one-story RC structures strengthened with the proposed protection systems were executed. A numerical simulation of the real firing tests was performed via Autodyn hydrocode to further analyze the performance of the constituting components in alleviating the round effects. The current study demonstrated that the proposed mitigation systems, which are based on the multi-layering concept, are efficient and have their merits in defeating the Mortar 120mm HE attacks.
Flow Analyses of Integrated Liquid Fuel RAMJET Propulsion System
Authors: Rao M. Srinivasa
Published: April 2024

A CFD study is performed to check the seamless flow behaviour of the Liquid Fuel Ramjet Propulsion system which includes, air intakes, combustor and nozzle. Resolving both supersonic and subsonic flow scales in the same domain makes the simulations complex. Addition of combustion with stiff chemistry makes the simulations more difficult. CFD simulations are carried out using commercially available CFD software.  Liquid fuel is injected as discrete phase and the flow turbulence is modelled using Realizable k-ε turbulence model. Jet-A + air combustion has been simulated using combined finite rate / eddy dissipation model. Finite rate chemistry was modelled using three step chemistry which was obtained from the published literature. Flow structures such as oblique shocks, normal shocks and combustion are observed.
Evaluation of Boron Combustion for Ducted Rocket Applications Using Condensed Product Analysis
Authors: Hashim Syed Alay , Karmakar Srinibas , Roy Arnab , Abubakar Muazu
Published: April 2024

Boron, a metalloid, produces high energy upon combustion. It is recommended as an ingredient for fuel or propellant in rocket propulsion, despite the challenge of extracting its full thermal energy. So far no one has claimed the complete energy conversion of boron upon combustion. On the other hand, the current propulsion system of the Meteor missile uses boron-loaded propellant. The boron-loaded propellant provides an approximately three-fold increase in specific impulse compared to conventional propellants. The present study focuses on boron-HTPB-based solid fuels impregnated with early ignited particles as additives, aiming to assess the combustion performance of boron particles. These additives are magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), and activated charcoal (C), and their effects are evaluated based on the residual active boron content in the condensed combustion products (burned residues). An economical tool commonly called stagnation flow or opposed flow burner (OFB) is used to deflagrate the fuel sample by means of pressurized oxygen gas. The condensed combustion products are examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Among the fuel combinations investigated here, magnesium has been found to be a good burning enhancer of boron, leaving the lowest active boron content (30%) in the burned-out residue. The current research aims to develop an efficient boron-containing solid fuel for hybrid propellant ducted rocket engine applications.
High Speed Coding Unit Depth Identification Based on Texture Image Information Using SVM
Authors: Hari Pattimi , Batta Kota Naga Srinivasarao
Published: April 2024

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) is a new video coding standard with half the bit rate of its predecessor, Advanced Video Coding (AVC/H.264). AVC/H.264 uses macroblocks, processing units between 4×4 and 16×16 pixels in size. H.265 uses Coding Tree Units (CTUs), a more complicated block structure that lets images be as large as 64×64 pixels. However, changing from macroblocks to coding tree units is essential for H.265 to become more efficient. Using the quadtree structure to divide the Coding Unit (CU) makes it harder for HEVC to find the optimal rate distortion. This paper presents a Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method for finding the fastest coding unit division in intra-prediction HEVC without compromising compression efficiency. All partitions of CTU are assessed using five characteristics: Standard Deviation (SD), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Sub CU Complexity Difference (SCCD), Directional Complexity (DC), and Quantization Parameter (QP) to optimize the intra-prediction of HEVC in all intra-configurations. Simulations have been carried out to estimate the performance of the proposed machine learning-based algorithm using test sequences with different resolutions. Simulation results have shown that combining directional complexity and standard deviation gives a more accurate classification. SVM has been used to separate split-unsplit samples, and the standard rate-distortion optimization technique has been used to separate samples that are hard to separate. The results have shown a reduction of 67.44% in encoding time with a slight increase in bit rate.
Fractal Inspired Hybrid Microstrip Patch Antenna for Surveillance Drone Applications
Authors: Prasad R.V. Hara , Vakula D , Chakravarthy M
Published: April 2024

Drone based surveillance and communication systems are playing a vital role in modern days for both military and civilian applications. Antennas with low profile, smaller size, and light weight are essential for the realization of these systems. A novel fractal-inspired hybrid microstrip patch antenna realized with Sierpinski gasket fractal slots cut in the radiating patch along with corresponding ground structure simultaneously defected with Sierpinski carpet fractal slots is reported for the first time. The antenna resonates at 2.4 GHz with a measured return loss of 17 dB, gain of 7 dB and measured 3 dB beamwidth is of the order of 70 deg. The current approach leads to the size reduction of the antenna to the extent of 55% in comparison to standard radiating patch antenna resonating at the same frequency. The fractal-inspired hybrid microstrip patch antenna is a promising candidate for drone-based surveillance and communication applications owing to its miniaturization and good directional radiation properties.
Investigation of Transonic Flow Features in an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor
Authors: Kumar Lakshya , Alone Dilipkumar B , Pradeep A M , Shobhavathy M T , Kumar S Satish
Published: April 2024

Numerical investigation of an axial flow rotor is carried out for its performance characterization and aerodynamic behavior during the design and off-design operating conditions. The study focuses on capturing the transonic flow features from the choke point (CP) to the near stall (NS) point in the rotor. This includes the analysis of passage shock structure, its movement in the blade passage with varying back-pressure, shock boundary layer interaction, tip leakage flow structure, and resulting losses. The study is carried out from 60 % to 100 % of the design speed using steady and unsteady RANS simulations. Three turbulence models, namely; SST, k-ε, and Reynolds stress models, are employed. The SST model predicted the closest approximation to the experimental data. The rotor aerodynamic performance is predicted in terms of total pressure ratio, efficiency, and flow contours. Unsteady analysis revealed that the primary and secondary tip leakage vortices, combined with the suction side tip corner separation, are the major instabilities near the stall region.
Comparison of Response Surface Based Preliminary Design Methodologies for a Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Mahto Navin , Chakravarthy Satyanarayanan R.
Published: April 2024

Preliminary design of gas turbine combustor is a multi-objective optimization problem. The methodology to be used at the preliminary design stage depends on the freedom of design choices available. In this article, we explore three preliminary design methodologies for gas turbine combustor - M1: combustion liner design for a given casing; M2: combustion liner design without the casing and M3: coupled design of combustion liner and casing. A workflow for the automated design space exploration of gas turbine combustor using response surface methodology is presented. Computational fluid dynamics studies along with central composite design for design of experiments and genetic aggregation for response surface generation are used to quantify the combustor performance in design space. Comparison of three different design methodologies (M1, M2 and M3) is made to show how the choice of design methodology changes the available design space and limits/expands combustor performance. Candidate optimal designs and associated trade-offs from the optimization study are also presented. This study can aid combustor design engineers choose the most suitable preliminary design methodology for their specific use case.
Numerical Study on Mixing Characteristics of Circular and Non Circular Jets
Authors: Chitimada Narendra Kumar , Sinhamahapatra Kalyan P
Published: April 2024

The study of non-circular jet flows has become important due to their various applications such as aircraft exhaust, combustion chambers and injectors. The goal of present paper is to examine the impact of elliptical, square, and triangular shaped orifices on the mixing characteristics of a free jet with Mach number 0.8. Numerical simulations using an SST K-ω two-equation turbulence model were conducted with a Reynolds number of 3.46×105 for all cases. The mean velocity, decay rate, half-velocity width, spread rate, and turbulence intensity of the jet were analysed. The results showed that the triangular orifice provided the best mixing efficiency, with a shorter jet core length. The decay rate was found to be lowest for the square jet and highest for the triangular jet, which matches with the previous research. The asymmetric jets experienced two axis-switching points, while the square jet experienced a 450 rotation of its axes but no axis-switching. The core region had lower turbulence levels, while the highest turbulence levels were in the shear layer.
Performance Estimation by Varying the Grain Port Alignment Position in a Hybrid Rocket Motor
Authors: K Gyandeep , Kumar Rajiv
Published: April 2024

A Hybrid Rocket Motor (HRM) is a type of chemical rocket propulsion in which the propellants are stored in different physical states. To counter the low regression rate characteristic of HRM different grain configurations with innovative port techniques has been evolved with time. It creates better mixing and combustion of fuel with oxidizer without having any special injector and energetic additives. A similar technique has been used in the present study. The fuel used in the present study is a solid grain made from polyvinyl chloride with di-butyl phthalate in the 50:50 ratios with gaseous oxygen as an oxidizer. In this paper, analyses are made to study the performance of a hybrid rocket motor by varying the axial alignment of the grain port at varying locations along the length. Due to the offset of the fuel port at varying locations, recirculation zone were created that enhanced the pressure in the combustion chamber by around 1-2 bar. The thrust generated was increased in the range of 10 to 25 N. Regression rate as well as efficiency was also observed to be increased with the use of this port alignment techniques.
Scramjet Intake Aerodynamic Studies Using Sharp Interface Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Pathak Amrita , Chutia Jubajyoti , Kulkarni Vinayak Narayan
Published: April 2024

In this present article, the use of a throttling device in the form of movable flap to study scramjet inlet unstart has been investigated numerically. The flap has been employed as an effort to simulate the rise in combustor pressure of the scramjet. Computational analysis for freestream Mach number and freestream pressure of and respectively, have been performed by a two-dimensional compressible CFD in-house Finite volume solver for perfect gas. Convective fluxes have been evaluated using AUSM scheme.Inviscidflow has been assumed for all the simulations. Particular point of interest in these simulations is the application of Immersed Boundary Method along the wall boundaries,enabling the use of structured grid for complex geometries. The results demarcate the starting condition of the inlet based on the flap throttling values. Comparative results in the form of Mach number and pressure contours are presented for different flap positions. The use of Immersed Boundary Method has been successfully displayed bysimulating a movable flap.
Selected Papers from 4th National Aerospace Propulsion Conference NAPC 2022
Authors: Sekar T. Chandra , Pradeep A.M.
Published: April 2024

The National Aerospace Propulsion Conference (NAPC) is a national conference dedicated to aerospace propulsion technologies. Two erstwhile popular conference series, the National Propulsion Conference (NPC) and the National Conference on Air-Breathing Engines (NCABE) were merged to result in NAPC. This biennial conference is intended to bring together the entire propulsion community spanning the industry, academia and the research labs nationwide. The aerospace propulsion-centred conference is considered an ideal opportunity to showcase one’s research activities with peers and foster future collaborations through networking. The 4th edition of the conference, NAPC-2022, comprised a keynote lecture, several topical invited lectures and presentations of contributed papers in parallel sessions. This special issue contains eight manuscripts selected based on peer-reviews of selected papers presented during the conference. The manuscripts broadly cover several aspects pertaining to aerospace propulsion that includes airbreathing engine components such as intakes, compressors, combustors and nozzles. From the rocket propulsion (non-airbreathing), there are papers that investigate the rocket motor grain port alignment and another paper on the heat transfer characteristics of a supersonic rocket nozzle.
Avian Taphonomy at Bluefish Caves, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Bourgeon Lauriane , Mandel Rolfe D.
Published: April 2024

A recent analysis of the mammal bones from Bluefish Caves (northern Yukon Territory, Canada) suggests that modern humans visited the site on several occasions for short-term hunting activities as early as 23,500 calibrated years BP. Here we apply taphonomic methods to the avian remains recovered from the caves. Seventeen genera of birds are identified in the assemblage, including 450 ptarmigan individuals (Lagopus lagopus and Lagopus muta). We discuss paleoenvironmental implications and show that carnivores and birds of prey (e.g., foxes, Snowy Owls) were likely responsible for most of the accumulation and modification of avian remains. Human intervention, however, is reported on one Snow Goose bone and possibly on ptarmigan bones.
UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO SOBRE O CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO AO IDOSO NA ASSISTÊNCIA DOMICILIAR
Authors: Saldanha Tainá Freitas , Higa-taniguchi Keila Tomoko , Pinto Vanusa Barbosa , Rocha Priscilla Alves
Published: April 2024

O envelhecimento populacional pode aumentar o desenvolvimento de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), e consequentemente, ocasionar polifarmácia. Nesse contexto, os serviços farmacêuticos deatendimento domiciliar oferecem diversos benefícios para o paciente, reduzindo os Problemas Relacionados a Medicamentos (PRM). Essa revisão tem o objetivo de mapear os achados sobre os serviços farmacêuticosprovidos ao paciente idoso, na assistência domiciliar (AD). Métodos: Foi conduzida uma revisão de escopo com a pergunta: “Quais os serviços providos por farmacêuticos para idosos na assistência domiciliar?”.A partir da combinação do acrônimo PCC, foi realizada a estratégia de busca para rastrear os estudos nas bases de: PubMed; BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde); Cochrane Library; Web of Science; Scopus e Google Scholar. Resultados/ Discussão: Foram achados n = 497 estudos, e onze estudos foram incluídos e considerados elegíveis para extração de dados, por uma pesquisadora e uma revisora. Os serviços clínicos ofertados por  farmacêuticos na AD achados são a revisão da farmacoterapia, acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, conciliação medicamentosa, educação em saúde e rastreamento em saúde. Os principais PRMs englobam não adesão medicamentosa, reações adversas a medicamentos e doses inadequadas. Além disso, as intervenções farmacêuticas mais relevantes nos serviços de atendimento domiciliar foram medidas para melhorar a adesão e compreensão da farmacoterapia, ajustes de doses e práticas de educação em saúde. Conclusão: O atendimento do farmacêutico na AD pode contribuir para melhoria na adesão a farmacoterapia, compreensão da terapia medicamentosa e no uso seguro dos medicamentos.
Dialecto Literario and Regional Literature in the College Classroom: Salvador Salazar Arrué’s Cuentos de Barro (1933)
Authors: Cloonan Cortez Denise
Published: April 2024

Regional literature, specifically eye dialect, is conspicuously missing from language classrooms due to its non-normative orthography. Even native speakers of the language struggle with unconventional spellings as dictionaries become useless tools. Moreover, most readers lack intuition regarding regional speech phenomena or its orthographic representations. While we are all speakers of a dialect, many are only familiar with their regional variety. Salvadoran regional literature may feature “pue” instead of “pues”, “pos” in Mexican literature, and “po” in Chilean literature. All examples divert from the normative “pues” despite sharing the same contextual cues. In regional representations, “fue” is written as “jue” to convey the [ˈxwe] pronunciation of the word. These regional texts, like those written by Salvadoran author Salarrué, are extraordinarily interesting because they capture graphically the phonetic phenomena characteristic of languages in contact and/or dialectal variations such as elisions and aspirations, among others.
In a study conducted by the researcher, it was found that heritage speakers of Spanish possess a unique background knowledge compared to native and non-native speakers. Along with linguistic decoding strategies, this proved to be beneficial for them when reading and understanding “Semos malos”. Heritage students (Group C) were able to ‘evaluate’ many types of ‘candidates’ and were well-equipped to understand global phonetic phenomena as portrayed in regional literature from other areas.
SINERGITAS DALAM UPAYA PERCEPATAN PENANGANAN KASUS STUNTING DI KOTA SERANG
Authors: Setiawan Andi
Published: April 2024

Angka stunting di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 sebesar 24,4% dan tergolong tinggi. Kota Serang sebagai Ibukota Provinsi Banten memiliki kasus stunting tinggi yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Pemerintah Kota Serang membuat program sercing untuk penguatan sinergitas antar lembaga dalam penanganan stunting. Lembaga-lembaga tersebut adalah Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Sosial, Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak dan Keluarga Berencana, Dinas Ketahanan Pangan Pertanian dan Perikanan, Dinas Pendidikan, Dinas Perumahan dan Permukiman dan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Serang. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisi bagaimana sinergitas dalam penanganan stunting di Kota Serang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teori Sinergitas Michael Doctoroff dengan empat variabel utama yaitu komunikasi efektif, umpan balik cepat, kepercyaan dan kreativitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sinergitas dalam upaya percepatan penanganan kasus stunting di Kota Serang belum berjalan dengan baik berdasarkan variabel sinergitas Michael Doctroff meskipun sudah terjalin sinergitas dalam menjalankan peran dan tugasnya masing-masing.
Perspektif Commitment to Process pada Collaborative Governance Penanganan Kekerasan terhadap Anak di Lembaga Pendidikan Berbasis Agama Kota Bandung Tahun 2021
Authors: Dhini Tinessia Melia , Bintari Antik
Published: April 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komitmen pemangku kepentingan dalam Collaborative Governance Penanganan Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Lembaga Pendidikan Berbasis Agama Kota Bandung Tahun 2021 yang ditinjau menggunakan teori Collaborative Governance Ansell dan Gash (2008). Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode deksriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilaksanakan melalui studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan dengan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komitmen pemangku kepentingan dalam kolaborasi penanganan kekerasan terhadap anak di lembaga pendidikan berbasis agama Kota Bandung belum maksimal. Komitmen terhadap proses dari pemangku kepentingan dapat dilihat dari beberapa hal yang mempengaruhinya, Ansell dan Gash (2008) yaitu motivasi utama, good faith bargaining, perubahan psikologis, consensus oriented, kepercayaan pada pemangku kepentingan lain, rasa memiliki, saling ketergantungan, dan prosedurnya. Penulis memberikan saran dalam upaya peningkatan komitmen pemangku kepentingan dalam kolaborasi yaitu dengan menghadirkan kesepakatan formal bersama, peningkatan peran dan pelibatan pemangku kepentingan, serta hadirnya alur kolaborasi penanganan kasus.
Agile Government: Langkah Strategis Pemerintah Negara Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Resesi Global 2023
Authors: Muttaqin Muhamad Iqbal , Permatasari Ane
Published: April 2024

Ancaman resesi global tahun 2023 yang disebabkan oleh pandemi covid-19 yang nyata, kenaikan suku bunga acuan dan krisis energi akibat perang Rusia-Ukraina telah melanda sejumlah negara di dunia seperti Inggris dan Amerika Serikat. Dikhawatirkan ancaman resesi ini terjadi di Indonesia, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana peran Pemerintah Negara Indonesia dalam mengimplementasikan konsep agile government untuk menangani ancaman resesi global. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur yang berlandaskan teori agile governance serta menjadikan prinsip-prinsip agile governancesebagai indikator penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah telah mengimplementasikan langkah atau kebijakan dalam menghadapi ancaman resesi global 2023 dengan berlandaskan enam prinsip dari teori agile governance yang dikemukakan oleh Luna, Moura dan Kruchten. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut meliputi tata kelola yang cukup baik, didorong oleh bisnis, fokus pada manusia, berdasarkan kemenangan cepat, pendekatan sistematis dan adaptif serta desain sederhana dan penyempurnaan berkelanjutan.Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan peresmian Gerakan Nasional Bangga Buatan Indonesia (Gernas BBI) 2023 sebagai upaya integrasi UMKM digital, APBN yang didesain untuk menghadapi resesi, penghimbauan masyarakat untuk membuka atau mengembangkan UMKM, perbaikan iklim investasi, Pengeluaran kebijakan fiskal bagi pemerintah daerah, serta peluncuran beberapa langkah taktis oleh Kemendagri RI dalam merespon ancaman ini.
Aksesibilitas Pengawasan Media Sosial oleh Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum terhadap Pencegahan Kampanye Propaganda
Authors: Putri Lia Ulvi Miranata , Pebrianti Ayu , Elonika Yesica , Winarti Novi
Published: April 2024

Kemampuan yang dimiliki Bawaslu dalam mengawasi kampanye yang beredar dan menyebar secara luas di masyarakat menjadi tolok ukur dalam aksesibilitas pengawasan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengoptimalan aksesibilitas pengawasan media sosial terhadap pencegahan kampanye propaganda oleh Bawaslu. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Ketersediaan dan kenyamanan adalah dua hal pokok yang menjadi acuan dalam penentuan aksesibilitas pengawasan. Bawaslu telah menyediakan pembentukan inovasi, yaitu aplikasi Gowaslu untuk mempermudah pengawasan dan pelaporan kampanye propaganda yang juga dapat di akses oleh masyarakat. Masyarakat dapat melakukan pelaporan ketika melihat hal-hal yang bertentangan dengan ketentuan pemilu, seperti adanya kampanye propaganda. Akan tetapi, Bawaslu masih dihadapi dengan berbagai hambatan dalam melakukan pengawasan media sosial. Hambatan tersebut berupa, minimnya jumlah personel Bawaslu, penyebaran informasi di media sosial yang cepat meluas, terdapat akun anonym yang melakukan penyebaran informasi mengarah kepada propaganda, serta terdapat isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan belum terjaminnya perlindungan bagi pelapor penyelewengan kampanye. Secara keseluruhan, aksesibilitas pengawasan media sosial yang dilakukan oleh Bawaslu belum optimal karena masih terkendala hambatan terutama pada isu-isu pelaporan yang membuat masyarakat enggan untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengawasan.
Genealogi Kebijakan Beras Indonesia 1998-2021
Authors: Muhammad Dzaky Yusuf , Kurniadi Bayu Dardias
Published: April 2024

Beras menjadi diskursus utama dalam pangan masyarakat Indonesia setelah melalui proses diskursif yang didorong  Orde Baru yang bertujuan untuk melakukan kontrol dan melanggengkan kekuasaan dengan menghadirkannya secara masif dan murah. Berkat proses tersebut beras mendapat fungsi strategis yang dapat memengaruhi kondisi sosial, politik dan ekonomi dalam skala nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan mengenai beras sebagai komoditas strategis dengan pendekatan Genealogi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan data berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, artikel jurnal dan artikel berita. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan beras dipengaruhi oleh diskursus-diskursus penting yang pemerintah percaya dapat memenuhi tujuan dari kebijakan beras. Pada 1998-2001 besar dipengaruhi oleh diskursus liberal sebagai kondisi dari bantuan ekonomi dari IMF, pada 2001-2004 kebijakan beras mengalami mengurangi pengaruh liberal sedikit demi sedikit ditandai dengan penghentian bantuan dari IMF yang dipengaruhi oleh sentimen nasional serta pelarangan impor beras. Pada 2004-2014 kebijakan beras berupaya untuk memperkuat sektor produksi dan condong pada diskursus liberal dengan pembukaan keran impor. Untuk 2014-2021 kebijakan beras mengalami kebijakan proteksionis yang populis dengan hambatan tarif dan nontarif walaupun pada akhirnya pemerintah berusaha lebih membuka diri ke pasar bebas dengan mengurangi hambatan perdagangan dan lebih terbuka untuk melakukan impor.
Peran the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM) dalam Mewujudkan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Kota Probolinggo tahun 2022 - 2023
Authors: Sugiarto Triastuti , Prasodjo Haryo
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM) dalam mewujudkan aksi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim di Kota Probolinggo. Pemanasan global yang terjadi menjadi isu yang sangat penting dan sedang dihadapi oleh negara – negara di seluruh dunia. GCoM memberikan bantuan teknis untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan serta akses pendanaan mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim. Kota Probolinggo dan GCoM bekerjasama untuk mewujudkan aksi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data didapatkan dari wawancara tidak terstruktur serta dengan teknik studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah bahwa peran GCoM dalam membantu Kota Probolinggo pada adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim dengan bentuk pelatihan sebagai bekal untuk perencanaan to net-zero emission di tahun 2050 dan juga membuka akses untuk mendapatkan pendanaan dari lembaga – lembaga yang menjadi funding partner dari GCoM.