bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dengue seroprevalence study during COVID-19 pandemic in Bali
Authors: Masyeni Sri , Fatawy Rois Muqsith , Paramasatiari AAAL , Maheraditya Ananda , Dewi Ratna Kartika , Winianti NW , Santosa Agus , Setiabudy Marta , Sumadewi Nyoman Trisna , Herawati Sianny
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. The clinical manifestation of dengue varies from asymptomatic cases to severe dengue manifestation. The detection of clinical cases enables us to measure the incidence of dengue infection, whereas serological surveys give insights into the prevalence of infection. This study aimed to determine the dengue prevalence among healthy adult patients in Bali.

Method

Cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys were performed from July 2020 to June 2021 among healthy and adult patients in Denpasar Bali. Blood samples were collected from 539 randomly selected samples from urban sites in Denpasar. IgG antibodies against DENV were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results

Overall, the positive dengue seroprevalence rate among 539 clinically healthy adult patients was high (85.5%). The subject’s median age was 34.1 (range between 18-86.1) years old. Most participants in the study were younger than 40 years old (61.2%). The gender is dominated by males (54.5%). The study found a significant association of dengue seropositivity among people age more than 40 years old with healthy status (p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Another seroprevalence study reported a lower rate of dengue infection in children in Indonesia (69.4%). The difference may be associated with less probability of Aedes bites among the children. The study reflected the proportion of asymptomatic dengue that needs better assessment with a serological test.

Conclusion

The current study highlighted a high prevalence of dengue seropositive with a relatively dominant proportion of asymptomatic cases. The study guides the physicians o to beware of every dengue infection in tropical countries and prevents the spread of the disease.
Evolution of enhanced innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants
Authors: Reuschl Ann-Kathrin , Thorne Lucy G. , Whelan Matthew V.X. , Ragazzini Roberta , Furnon Wilhelm , Cowton Vanessa M. , de Lorenzo Giuditta , Mesner Dejan , Turner Jane L. E. , Dowgier Giulia , Bogoda Nathasha , Bonfanti Paola , Palmarini Massimo , Patel Arvind H. , Jolly Clare , Towers Greg. J.
Published: July 2022

SARS-CoV-2 adaptation to humans is evidenced by the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) with distinct genotypes and phenotypes that facilitate immune escape and enhance transmission frequency. Most recently Omicron subvariants have emerged with heavily mutated spike proteins which facilitate re-infection of immune populations through extensive antibody escape driving replacement of previously-dominant VOCs Alpha and Delta. Interestingly, Omicron is the first VOC to produce distinct subvariants. Here, we demonstrate that later Omicron subvariants, particularly BA.4 and BA.5, have evolved an enhanced capacity to suppress human innate immunity when compared to earliest subvariants BA.1 and BA.2. We find that, like previously dominant VOCs, later Omicron subvariants tend to increase expression of viral innate immune antagonists Orf6 and nucleocapsid. We show Orf6 to be a key contributor to enhanced innate immune suppression during epithelial replication by BA.5 and Alpha, reducing innate immune signaling through IRF3 and STAT1. Convergent VOC evolution of enhanced innate immune antagonist expression suggests common pathways of adaptation to humans and links VOC, and in particular Omicron subvariant, dominance to improved innate immune evasion.
Automatic detection of spatio-temporal signalling patterns in cell collectives
Authors: Gagliardi Paolo Armando , Grädel Benjamin , Jacques Marc-Antoine , Hinderling Lucien , Ender Pascal , Cohen Andrew R. , Kastberger Gerald , Pertz Olivier , Dobrzyński Maciej
Published: July 2022

An increasing experimental evidence points to physiological importance of space-time correlations in signalling of cell collectives. From wound healing to epithelial homeostasis to morphogenesis, coordinated activation of bio-molecules between cells allows the collectives to perform more complex tasks and better tackle environmental challenges. To understand this information exchange and to advance new theories of emergent phenomena, we created ARCOS, a computational method to detect and quantify collective signalling. We demonstrate ARCOS on cell and organism collectives with space-time correlations on different scales in 2D and 3D. We make a new observation that oncogenic mutations in the MAPK/ERK and PIK3CA/Akt pathways of MCF10A epithelial cells induce ERK activity waves with different size, duration, and frequency. The open-source implementations of ARCOS are available as R and Python packages, and as a plugin for napari image viewer to interactively quantify collective phenomena without prior programming experience.
Attentional capture by signals of reward persists following outcome devaluation
Authors: Watson Poppy , Pavri Yenti , Le Jenny , Pearson Daniel , Le Pelley Mike E.
Published: July 2022

Attention, the mechanism that prioritizes stimuli in the environment for further processing, plays an important role in behavioral choice. In the present study, we investigated the automatic orienting of attention to cues that signal reward. Such attentional capture occurs despite negative consequences, and we investigated whether this counterproductive and reflexive behavior would persist following outcome devaluation. Thirsty participants completed a visual search task in which the color of a distractor stimulus in the search display signaled whether participants would earn water or potato chips for making a rapid eye movement to a diamond target, but looking at the colored distractor was punished by omission of the signaled reward. Nevertheless, participants looked at the water-signaling distractor more frequently than the chip-signaling distractor. Half the participants then drank water ad libitum before continuing with the visual search task. Although the water was now significantly less desirable for half of the participants, there was no difference between groups in the tendency for the water-signaling distractor to capture attention. These findings suggest that once established, counterproductive attentional bias to signals of reward persists even when those outcomes are no longer valuable. This suggests a “habit-like” attentional mechanism that prioritizes reward stimuli in the environment for further action, regardless of whether those stimuli are aligned with current goals or currently desired.
Sugar-Baited Delivery of Small Interfering RNA for Gene Silencing in Adult Mosquitoes
Authors: Mysore Keshava , Hapairai Limb K. , Realey Jacob S. , Sun Longhua , Roethele Joseph B. , Duman-Scheel Molly
Published: July 2022

RNA interference (RNAi), an innate regulatory mechanism that is conserved across many eukaryotic species, has been harnessed for experimental gene silencing in many organisms, including mosquitoes. This protocol describes an optimized method for inducing RNAi in adult Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes that involves feeding them a red-colored sugar bait containing small interfering RNA (siRNA). This oral delivery method is less physically disruptive than delivery by subcutaneous injection, and the use of siRNAs (in contrast to long dsRNAs) for RNAi enables the design of molecules that target conserved sites so that gene function can be studied in multiple species. After feeding, the behavioral and morbidity phenotypes that result from the suppression of target gene expression can then be analyzed.
Quantitative Analysis of Photoreceptor Intensity–Response Function in Fly Visual Neurons
Authors: Chen Pei-Ju , Li Yan , Lee Chi-Hon
Published: July 2022

In this protocol, we illustrate how to process images acquired during functional imaging of fly visual neurons and how to analyze and quantify visually evoked activities. We use ImageJ/Fiji for the initial imaging processing. All images acquired previously should be registered to compensate for tissue movement. Next, we extract fluorescence signals specifically from neurons that respond to the light by marking the regions of interest (ROIs). The data are further analyzed in a data-analysis program, such as MATLAB, to plot response traces against time. Finally, we obtain different parameters to reveal the neuron's physiological properties by fitting the data with a Naka–Rushton function.
Spillover and crossover effects of social support through work-family balance: a time-lagged analysis in Italian dyads
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , Van der Heijden Beatrice , Landolfi Alfonso
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Building on the spillover-crossover model (Bakker and Demerouti, 2013), this study aimed to examine the processes through which three forms of social support at work (i.e. from coworkers, from supervisor and organizational family-friendly) were positively associated with an individual's level of work-family balance (spillover effect), and through this latter, with one's partner's family life satisfaction (crossover effect), via the partner's perception of family social support as provided by the incumbent person.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors sampled 369 heterosexual couples using a time-lagged design, surveying forms of social support at work and work-family balance at t1 and family social support and partner's family life satisfaction at t2. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results showed that coworkers’ support and organizational family-friendly support positively predicted work-family balance. Furthermore, work-family balance mediated the associations between organizational family-friendly support and coworkers’ support with instrumental family social support. Moreover, only emotional family social support positively predicted partner's family life satisfaction.

Originality/value

The authors simultaneously examined the direct and indirect associations of three concurrent forms of social support at work with one's work-family balance (spillover effect). Moreover, in line with the spillover-crossover model, the authors adopted a systemic approach and assessed how one's work-family balance is associated with emotional and instrumental family social support as perceived by one's partner and the latter's family life satisfaction (crossover effect).
Challenges to developing smart prisons in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Aldhaheri Mohammed Abdulla , Xia Bo
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The smart building concept has gained prominence in the construction sector during the past decade. In the United Arab Emirates, although smart building technology has been widely adopted in different building sectors, no empirical studies have examined the applicability of the smart buildings concept in prison facilities. The current study aims to understand the current status of prison buildings in the UAE and the challenges faced by the prison industry to implement new smart technology.

Design/methodology/approach

This study involved a semi-structured interview consisting of 14 participants who were interviewed face-to-face about their opinion about the objectives of the study. The interviewees were experts from the prison and construction industry of the UAE working at the top management level. Mind-maps were created from the thematic data using Nvivo software.

Findings

The results demonstrated that among current issues prevailing in prisons, overcrowding was regarded as the most severe issue. Additionally, in most cases, there is no systemic classification of inmates. Concerning the potential challenges in the implementation of smart technologies in the prison buildings, being too old and outdated of prison buildings are a significant concern, followed by a substantial gap in the approval system of budget to purchase new smart technology.

Originality/value

The findings of this study are of vital importance and help to identify potential challenges involved in the implementation of smart technologies in prison buildings that should be taken into consideration before selecting any new smart technology.
The costs of introducing a vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: De Micco Patrice , Maraghini Maria Pia , Spadafina Tiziana
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study provides a systematic literature review and categorization of the costs reported in the literature for the introduction of new vaccines, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa within LMICs, where vaccines are highly needed, financial resources are scarce and data are lacking and scattered.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted according to the PRISMA requirements. Searches also included the relevant grey literature. In total, 39 studies were selected and nine cost categories were investigated to build a comprehensive framework.

Findings

The paper considers nine cost categories that cover the whole life of the vaccine, from its initial study to its full implementation, including for each of them the relevant subcategories. The systematic review, besides providing specific quantitative data and allowing to assess their variability within each category, points out that delivery, program preparation, administration and procurement costs are the most frequently estimated categories, while the cost of the good sold, costs borne by households and costs associated to AEFI are usually overlooked. Data reported on R&D costs and investment in the production plant differ significantly among the selected contributions.

Originality/value

The literature contributions on cost estimation tend to focus on a precise vaccine, a specific geographic area, or to adopt a narrow approach that captures only a subset of the costs. This article presents a rich and inclusive set of the economic quantitative data on immunization costs in limited-resource countries.
Federated learning algorithm based on matrix mapping for data privacy over edge computing
Authors: Tripathy Pradyumna Kumar , Shrivastava Anurag , Agarwal Varsha , Shah Devangkumar Umakant , L. Chandra Sekhar Reddy , Akilandeeswari S.V.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to provide the security and privacy for Byzantine clients from different types of attacks.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors use Federated Learning Algorithm Based On Matrix Mapping For Data Privacy over Edge Computing.

Findings

By using Softmax layer probability distribution for model byzantine tolerance can be increased from 40% to 45% in the blocking-convergence attack, and the edge backdoor attack can be stopped.

Originality/value

By using Softmax layer probability distribution for model the results of the tests, the aggregation method can protect at least 30% of Byzantine clients.
Exploring the role of external pressure, environmental sustainability commitment, engagement, alliance and circular supply chain capability in circular economy performance
Authors: Agyabeng-Mensah Yaw , Afum Ebenezer , Baah Charles , Essel Dacosta
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study explores the role of external pressure, engagement capability (ENC), alliance capability (ACA), environmental sustainability commitment (ESC), and circular supply chain capability in circular economy performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a cross-sectional survey and data collected from 124 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, this study employs partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed model.

Findings

The findings reveal the following; first, external pressure has a significant impact on ESC. Second, ESC positively impacts ACA, ENC and circular supply chain capability. Third, ACA and ENC mediate the relationship between ESC and circular supply chain capability. Finally, circular supply chain capability has a significant impact on circular economy performance.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in testing a novel model that confirms that SMEs respond to external pressure by enhancing ESC as well as develop engagement and alliance capabilities to improve circular supply chain capability to achieve circular economy performance goals.
Mitigating implicit racial bias in tipping: when direct and indirect experience matters
Authors: O’Rourke Anne-Maree , Belli Alex , Mathmann Frank
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Academic research has supported the belief that consumers undertip minority race service workers due to implicit racial biases. However, there has been less focus in examining possible moderating factors. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing the role of direct and indirect experience in tipping frontline service workers from a minority background. Given the prominence of customer ratings on digital service platforms and the perception that African Americans are discriminated against, the authors look at the interplay of interaction length (direct experience) and customer ratings (indirect experience) on the relationship between race and tipping.

Design/methodology/approach

An expectancy disconfirmation framework was developed and tested with a sample of 360 US participants in an online experiment. The experiment followed a 2 × (race: African-American versus Caucasian) × 2 (direct experience: limited versus extensive) × 3 (indirect experience: absent versus positive versus negative customer rating) design.

Findings

The authors found consumers who have extended direct experience (longer service interaction) and no indirect experience (absent customer ratings) tipped African Americans more than Caucasians. Interestingly, this effect is reduced in the presence of indirect experience (customer ratings). Finally, where the consumer lacks direct experience (shorter service interaction) but is exposed to positive indirect experience (positive customer ratings), consumers tip African Americans more.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that examines the role of direct and indirect experience in the relationship between race and tipping. Based on the authors’ findings, the authors provide several contributions, including recommendations to reduce inequalities arising from implicit racial bias on digital service platforms.
Reimagining the sustainable social development of AI for the service sector: the role of startups
Authors: Rojas Alejandra , Tuomi Aarni
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) is leading to a job transformation within the service ecosystem in which issues related to AI governance principles may hinder the social sustainability of the sector. The relevance of AI startups in driving innovation has been recognized; thus, this paper aims to investigate whether and how AI startups may influence the sustainable social development (SSD) of the service sector.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study based on 24 in-depth interviews was conducted to qualitatively explore the perceptions of service sector facing AI policymakers, AI consultants and academics (n = 12), as well as AI startups (founders, AI developers; n = 12). An inductive coding approach was used to identify and analyze the data.

Findings

As part of a complex system, AI startups influence the SSD of the service sector in relation to other stakeholders’ contributions for the ethical deployment of AI. Four key factors influencing AI startups’ ability to contribute to the SSD of the service sector were identified: awareness of socioeconomic issues; fostering decent work; systematically applying ethics; and business model innovation.

Practical implications

This study proposes measures for service sector AI startups to promote collaborative efforts and implement managerial practices that adapt to their available resources.

Originality/value

This study develops original guidelines for startups that seek ethical development of beneficial AI in the service sector, building upon Ethics as a Service approach.
User participation in decision-making – a qualitative intervention study on mental health professionals’ experiences
Authors: Kronkvist Maria Bendtsen , Forsberg Karl-Anton , Rämgård Margareta , Sandlund Mikael , Janarv Tove , Dahlqvist Jönsson Patrik
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe mental health professionals’ experiences of changes in attitudes towards, and knowledge about, users of mental health-care recovery and decisional participation in clinical practice after an educational intervention.

Design/methodology/approach

Users of mental health care want to participate in decisions regarding their own mental health care. Shared decision-making as a method is coherent with recovery orientation in mental health services and results in better-informed patients and fewer conflicts regarding decisions. A qualitative intervention study was designed to evaluate changes in attitudes and knowledge about mental health recovery in Sweden. Nine participants were interviewed, and the data were analysed by content analysis.

Findings

Three categories were generated from the analysis: Increased theoretical knowledge, changing attitudes about practical approaches and the significance of social factors in recovery.

Originality/value

When shared decision-making is to be implemented in mental health, professionals need to gain knowledge about recovery and need to adopt changed roles as health professionals. Educational interventions therefore seem necessary if such changes are to happen.
Achieving an agile organisation in an Indonesian telecommunications company: investigation on leadership impact and mediation variables
Authors: Susanty Ade Irma , Budiharjo Eko , Winarto Wahyu
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Agility is an important characteristic that every organisation requires in today’s competitive digital era. Telecommunications companies in Indonesia face various types of competition, both from the same industry and new models. This study aims to identify the agility level of telecommunications companies in Indonesia. It also examines the effect of leadership style directly and indirectly through the mediation of employee readiness, innovation culture, technology capability and organisational structure.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a non-probability sampling technique. The macroprocess was used to identify and measure the direct and indirect effects. The results are based on survey data collected from a telecommunications company in Indonesia with a total of 1,073 employees.

Findings

The results of this study showed that an adaptive leadership style has a direct and significant positive effect on the organisational agility level. Employee readiness, innovation culture, technological capability and organisational structure function as mediators between adaptive leadership style and agility.

Practical implications

This study could contribute to the development of programs to ignite and boost organisational agility. Organisations are recommended to conduct periodic evaluations to measure agility levels and amend their programs accordingly.

Originality/value

Adaptive leadership style was used, which expresses the leader’s deep concern for employee needs and organisational achievement. This leader will most likely positively impact employees and favourably influence the organisation (technology, structure, innovation and agility).
The wellbeing protocol mitigates the effects of COVID-19 on stress and burnout: a qualitative analysis of the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Toma Georgi , Rubie-Davies Christine , Le Fevre Deidre
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to convey and analyze participants’ experience of an online mindfulness-based workplace wellness program, The Wellbeing Protocol, during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms of how the program impacted stress, burnout and mental wellbeing.

Design/methodology/approach

New Zealand teachers participated in an online mindfulness-based wellness program in 2020. Participants’ experience was captured via focus groups and open-ended survey questions collected before, immediately after and three months following the intervention. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Three themes emerged: self-awareness and nonreactivity may facilitate a reduction in stress levels, the purposeful cultivation of self-care and positive emotions may be a precursor to enhanced wellbeing and positive relationships with others and evidence of effectiveness at work may mitigate burnout symptoms. Findings depicted effective strategies to improve wellbeing as well as promising areas for further research.

Practical implications

For school settings: participants’ positive appraisals of the program suggest The Wellbeing Protocol might be a suitable option to support teacher wellbeing. For workplaces: the positive outcomes related to improved effectiveness and relationships at work, as well as the program’s flexibility related to its short length and online delivery, might make it a potential option to support employee wellbeing.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on New Zealand teachers, the first to explore the impact of the Wellbeing Protocol and one of few studies that have investigated an online mindfulness-based intervention. It has multiple qualitative data sources and a follow-up of three months.
An interwoven financialization narrative as a driver of the 2008 Crash
Authors: Myers Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The 2008 Crash (the Crash) has been attributed to the dominance of financialized corporate governance, particularly an increased shareholder value rhetoric. Following the Crash, this extreme narrative is understood to have become less financialized through increasingly favouring stakeholders. The purpose of this research is to investigate this often-accepted view using field theory, wherein managers' biases in the value-creating process result from an interconnected, dynamic, multi-actor discourse.

Design/methodology/approach

Various domains across the UK’s corporate governance environment, from the perspective of field theory, generate the complex discourse: corporate and regulatory domains, stakeholder organizations such as the press and think tanks. Domain-specific corpora, representative of this multi-actor field, were constructed, with financialization analysed by assessing managers’ altering biases concerning the relative importance of shareholders and stakeholders (amongst other factors like time horizon) to value creation.

Findings

Highlights of the multiple findings include the following: corporate narrative about value creation became less financialized following the Crash, yet favouring shareholders, while the multi-actor discourse for the UK economy as a whole became slightly more financialized.

Originality/value

Analysing a multi-actor discourse is complex. And this, to the best of the author’s knowledge, is the first study of its kind, and only made possible with the original methodology of narrative staining. The approach, while having particular relevance to field theory, is applicable to many other narrative-based research scenarios.
Is faith and “on road” youth work intertwined? Examining the experiences of “on road” practitioners
Authors: Robinson-Edwards Shona , Pinkney Craig
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Research pertaining to young people, frontline work and faith is fairly limited. This qualitative article proposes that often faith and “on road” youth work are intertwined. This paper aims to explore the experiences of nine frontline practitioners, those who work with young people in a range of settings. The crux of the discussion is focused on how the religious and cultural views of practitioners impact their frontline practice, as it relates to supporting the young person’s needs. The authors suggest that understanding frontline practice as it relates to faith is imperative to our ability to effectively engage with young people “on road”.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper took a qualitative approach, where semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. This allowed the formation of the following three core themes: incarceration, religiosity and “on road” youth work; the nuances of religion and identity “on road”; and the “pains of ‘on road’ youth work”.

Findings

The findings within this paper suggest that faith and “on road” youth work are intertwined. In that frontline practitioners’ personal religious views, and importantly the understanding they have regarding the array of religious identities adopted by young people (YP) is helpful in engaging YP across the board. This paper highlights the complexities between identity, faith, faith-based support and hard-to-reach communities.

Research limitations/implications

This paper explores the complexities between faith on “on road” criminology/“on road” youth work. This area of study is fairly under-researched. This paper seeks to build on existing research surrounding YP, further exploring religiosity from a UK context.

Practical implications

This paper aimed to explore the lived experiences of frontline practitioners in Birmingham UK, many of whom work with YP from Black, Asian or minority backgrounds. Therefore the findings cannot be generalised.

Social implications

This paper’s intention is not to stereotype YP, but to raise awareness of the subjective experience of faith and religiosity on the frontline.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are few studies that explore the concept of “on road” criminology and “on road” youth work. Therefore, findings from this study are important to develop further understanding.
Entrepreneurial sensemaking and transdisciplinary graduate entrepreneurship education
Authors: M. Mars Matthew , Hart Jeni
Published: July 2022

Purpose

There is pressure to transform graduate education in ways that better prepare and socialize students for academic careers that require entrepreneurial activities and/or professional pathways outside of academia. The inclusion of entrepreneurial learning in graduate curricula and programs is one strategy for responding to such calls. Yet, there lacks an understanding of how graduate students outside of the business fields make sense of entrepreneurial content relevant to their academic interests and career aspirations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore entrepreneurial sensemaking by non-business graduate students enrolled in a transdisciplinary entrepreneurship course.

Design/methodology/approach

A single case study design was used to explore how seven nonbusiness graduate students in a transdisciplinary entrepreneurial leadership course made sense of entrepreneurial content relevant to their academic interests and career aspirations. Data were collected through direct observations, semi-structured interviews and the administration of an entrepreneurial leadership proclivity assessment tool.

Findings

Through experiential learning intentionally centering entrepreneurship, graduate students acquire entrepreneurial knowledge in ways that enhance their agency and sense of empowerment without diluting or overriding their academic and/or professional intentions.

Practical implications

Sensemaking is framed as a pedagogical resource for fostering the integration of entrepreneurial content in transdisciplinary graduate courses and experiences in ways that align with and support the academic interests and career aspirations of individual students.

Originality/value

A novel entrepreneurial sensemaking approach to the integration of entrepreneurial content with transdisciplinary curricula that is directly responsive to calls for graduate education transformation is introduced.
A critical assessment of employer branding to retain knowledgeable workforce: study on current employees of the information technology firms
Authors: Chopra Avinash , Patel Gokulananda , Sahoo Chandan Kumar
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore and validate the antecedents of employer branding (EB) and assess their impact on EB measures taken by Indian information technology firms while promoting themselves as an employer of choice.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the method of content analysis of the EB literature published between 2010 and 2020, a total of 77 research articles that were published in various eminent sources, including papers 11 papers from Elsevier, 28 from Emerald, 12 from Taylor and Francis, 8 each from Wiley and Sage and finally 10 from Springer, were chosen for the final analysis. The results were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The analysis revealed the significant themes of the content: the primary antecedents of the EB, i.e. compensation and benefits, career opportunities, work–life balance, work environment and corporate social responsibility. The findings proposed that the employees working in the IT firms are more concerned about the compensation package, work–life balance and work environment. The study also suggested that employees love to work for organizations that benefit society and the environment.

Originality/value

The study emphasized the identification of the antecedents which are vital in impacting the organization’s EB strategy. The study suggested that corporate social responsibility, compensation and benefits and work–life balance are a few of the important antecedents that play a crucial role in engaging and retaining the existing talented employees in IT firms. Through the EB strategy, the firms can differentiate themselves from their competitors.
Mycorrhiza‐induced mycocypins of Laccaria bicolor are potent protease inhibitors with nematotoxic and collembola antifeedant activity
Authors: Plett Jonathan M. , Sabotič Jerica , Vogt Eva , Snijders Fridtjof , Kohler Annegret , Nielsen Uffe N. , Künzler Markus , Martin Francis , Veneault‐Fourrey Claire
Published: July 2022

Fungivory of mycorrhizal hyphae has a significant impact on fungal fitness and, by extension, on nutrient transfer between fungi and host plants in natural ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi have therefore evolved an arsenal of chemical compounds that are hypothesized to protect the hyphal tissues from being eaten, such as the protease inhibitors mycocypins. The genome of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor has an unusually high number of mycocypin‐encoding genes. We have characterized the evolution of this class of proteins, identified those induced by symbiosis with a host plant and characterized the biochemical properties of two upregulated L. bicolor mycocypins. More than half of L. bicolor mycocypin‐encoding genes are differentially expressed during symbiosis or fruiting body formation. We show that two L. bicolor mycocypins that are strongly induced during symbiosis are cysteine protease inhibitors and exhibit similar but distinct localization in fungal tissues at different developmental stages and during interaction with a host plant. Moreover, we show that these L. bicolor mycocypins have toxic and feeding deterrent effect on nematodes and collembolans, respectively. Therefore, L. bicolor mycocypins may be part of a mechanism by which this species deters grazing by different members of the soil food web.
Indian Islamophobia as Racism
Authors: Sikka Sonia
Published: July 2022

To date, analyses of ‘cultural racism’ or ‘neoracism’ have largely been oriented towards Western countries, where the pattern of discrimination at issue remains linked to perceptions of phenotypical characteristics. In India, by contrast, there are no physical markers of difference between Muslims and other social groups. Nonetheless, Islamophobia in India should be described as a form of racism, given the history of the term and its normative implications. Within Indian Islamophobic discourses, the Muslim ‘type’ functions much like racial types within European anti‐semitism. In addition, the disadvantaged social location of Indian Muslims resembles that of African Americans in significant respects. The label matters because it also offers a diagnosis and prescribes remedies. For legal, moral and political purposes, viewing the situation of Indian Muslims through the lens of racism points to solutions different from the ones the Indian state has implemented under the aegis of secularism.
Caste Out: Christian Dalits in Pakistan
Authors: Singha Sara
Published: July 2022

Caste discrimination is an under‐analysed form of global racism both inside and outside its Hindu roots. Caste is not based on skin colour, education or economic prosperity and is a challenging issue to analyse in Pakistan. Caste in Pakistan is integrally connected to Dalit conversions to Protestant Christianity in the mid‐1930s. Because of these early Dalit conversions, many people in Pakistan associate Christianity with Dalits. These associations, along with economic factors, contribute to many forms of persecution and exclusion for specific Christian communities in Pakistan. This article considers how ancestral connections to Dalits create social exclusion and ‘othering’ for many Christians in modern Pakistan. The various forms of caste as opposed to religious discrimination that is discernible in the country are also analysed. In conclusion, several ways in which the Pakistani government could address the challenges and alleviate religio‐political strife in the country are offered.
Anti‐Palestinian Racism and Racial Gaslighting
Authors: Abu‐Laban Yasmeen , Bakan Abigail B.
Published: July 2022

Since the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police, more attention is being paid to anti‐black racism and anti‐racism. The authors contend that, by extension, other forms of racism need to be considered more closely, including those that have received limited scholarly and public attention. This article isolates key elements of anti‐Palestinian racism as a specific form of racism that operates at local and global levels. As an Arab group which includes both Christians and Muslims, Palestinians can experience anti‐Muslim racism (or Islamophobia) along with being subjected to anti‐Arab racism and Orientalist stereotypes. Using the concept of racial gaslighting which has been advanced recently across a number of disciplines, the authors isolate an identifiable anti‐Palestinian racism, arguing that anti‐Palestinian racism is expressed through racial gaslighting in a threefold manner. The first is denial, with a key example being the treatment of the 1948 Nakba (or catastrophe). The second is how racial gaslighting operates through power inequities, with stateless Palestinians, occupied Palestinians and Palestinians holding Israeli citizenship having clear inequities, distorted by an active repositioning of the apartheid and settler‐colonial character of the Israeli state as one that is ‘democratic’, ‘Jewish’, and unfairly treated. Finally, the article considers how Palestinians are victim‐blamed, by discourses which present them as ‘terrorist’, ‘anti‐semitic’, and ‘undemocratic’.
High expression of fibroblast‐activating protein is a prognostic marker in non‐small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Yanagawa Naoki , Sugai Mayu , Shikanai Shunsuke , Sugimoto Ryo , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Uesugi Noriyuki , Saito Hajime , Maemondo Makoto , Sugai Tamotsu
Published: July 2022

Background

Fibroblast‐activating protein (FAP) is expressed in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in many human carcinomas and in some types of carcinoma cells. Here, we examined the proportion of FAP protein expression in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and investigated the correlation of FAP expression with clinicopathological background.

Methods

In total, 344 NSCLC tissues were examined. Tissue microarrays were constructed, and FAP expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The status of FAP expression in tumor cells and CAFs was correlated with clinicopathological background, molecular features, and patient outcomes.

Results

A total of 280 patients (81.4%) had low FAP expression, and 64 patients (18.6%) had high FAP expression in tumor cells. In CAFs, 230 patients (66.9%) had low FAP expression, and 114 patients (33.1%) had high FAP expression. In multivariate analyses, high FAP expression in tumor cells was an independent predictive factor of both overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–4.42, p < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS; HR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.38–3.29, p < 0.001). Based on combinations of FAP expression in tumor cells and CAFs, patients with LowT/LowCAFs had better OS and RFS than did those in the other subgroups. By contrast, patients with HighT/HighCAFs had poor OS and RFS compared with those in the other subgroups.

Conclusions

Overall, FAP expression in tumor cells and the combination FAP expression in tumor cells and CAFs were strongly associated with patient survival and may be useful predictive biomarkers for patient outcomes in NSCLC.
Who Gets to Play Dirty? Using Legitimacy Theory to Examine Investor Reactions to Differing Modes of Corporate Tax Minimization*
Authors: Gillette Davidson B. , Stinson Shane R.
Published: July 2022

This study examines how information about a corporation's tax minimization activities and primary operations jointly influence investor behavior. Prior research identifies fear of investor backlash as a primary curb on corporations' tax minimization. However, evidence for such reactions remains mixed. Drawing on the psychological framework of legitimacy theory, we predict and find that the interaction between operations‐level validity and tax‐level propriety influences investor behavior. For companies with lower perceived validity in their primary operations, perceived improper tax minimization elicits strong negative reactions from investors, while proper tax minimization partially compensates for a lack of validity. Conversely, companies with greater perceived operational validity are mostly insulated from negative reactions to tax strategies deemed improper. Thus, management concerns over the reputational risks of tax minimization may be misplaced in some contexts, as companies whose primary operations are more valued by society may be afforded more leeway in their tax strategies.
Surgically confirmed endometriosis in adolescents in Finland—A register‐based cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Rasp Elina , Saavalainen Liisu , But Anna , Gissler Mika , Härkki Päivi , Heikinheimo Oskari , Rönö Kristiina
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Increasing awareness of endometriosis in adolescents requires data on the nature of the disease and its management. Our objective was to investigate the subtypes of surgically confirmed endometriosis in adolescents (aged <20 years) and trends in the incidence rates and endometriosis‐related procedures during the study period, 1987–2012.

Material and Methods

In this register‐based cohort study, we identified 526 adolescents receiving their initial surgical diagnosis of endometriosis between 1987 and 2012 from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. The age‐specific incidence rate of surgically confirmed endometriosis was calculated by dividing the number of adolescents during specific periods by person‐years. We calculated the relative differences in incidence rates between the periods using crude incidence ratios.

Results

Adolescents were divided into three age groups, <17, 17–18, and 19 years, which comprised 8.2% (43/526), 39.7% (209/526), and 52.1% (274/526) of the study cohort, respectively. Peritoneal endometriosis and ovarian endometriosis were the most common types (379/526 [72%] and 119/526 [23%], respectively). The incidence rate of surgically confirmed endometriosis per 100 000 person‐years varied from 5.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.24–7.33) to 11.42 (95% CI 9.64–13.44). The incidence rate in 2001–2005 was significantly higher and was 1.6‐ to 2.0‐fold that of the periods 1987–1990 and 2006–2012, respectively. Comparing the periods in which International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9; 1987–1995) and Tenth Revision (ICD‐10; 1996–2012) codes were used, the use of laparoscopy (78.2% vs 88.9%), day surgery (10.3% vs 31.6%), and procedures for ovarian (18.8% vs 34.1%) and deep (0.6% vs 10.8%) endometriosis increased. The types of endometriosis and procedures did not differ between the age groups.

Conclusions

Peritoneal endometriosis was the most common type of endometriosis overall and by age group. During the 26‐year period, the incidence rate of initial surgical diagnosis of endometriosis peaked in 2001–2005 and decreased thereafter. The proportion of procedures performed for ovarian and deep endometriosis increased, as did the use of laparoscopy and day surgery.
Whole‐exome sequencing uncovered genetic diagnosis of severe inherited haemolytic anaemia: Correlation with clinical phenotypes
Authors: Songdej Duantida , Kadegasem Praguywan , Tangbubpha Noppawan , Sasanakul Werasak , Deelertthaweesap Bhurichaya , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Sirachainan Nongnuch
Published: July 2022

Next‐generation sequencing has shed light on the diagnosis of previously unsolved cases of inherited haemolytic anaemia (IHA). We employed whole‐exome sequencing to explore the molecular diagnostic spectrum of 21 unrelated Thai paediatric patients with non‐thalassemic IHA, presenting hydrops fetalis and/or becoming transfusion‐dependent for 1 year or more or throughout their lifespan. Anaemia was detected prenatally, within the first month and the fifth year of life in three, 12 and six patients respectively. Molecular diagnosis obtained from all patients revealed SPTB as the most frequently mutated gene (four reported, three novel), found in 31 of 42 studied alleles. The other two mutated genes identified were ANK1 (three novel) and KLF1 (two reported). Four recurring mutations within exon 29/30 (NM_001024858.2) accounted for the vast majority (90%) of mutated SPTB alleles, biallelic inheritance of which resulted in the most severe phenotypes: hydrops fetalis and life‐long transfusion dependency. Dominant ANK1 (n = 3) and SPTB (n = 2) mutations and biallelic class 2 KLF1 mutations (n = 1) led to a shorter period of transfusion dependency. Our study demonstrated that mutated SPTB causing red‐cell membranopathy is likely the most common cause of severe non‐thalassemic IHA among Thai patients. This urges carrier screening in the population to prevent subsequent, severely affected births.