bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of extracellular vesicle-small intestine submucosa novel biological composite for urethral stricture repair and reconstruction
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Xiaojun , Siqin Buhe , Ren Chao , Chang Ming , Bai Ligang
Published: January 2025

Background

Urethral stricture (US) is a common condition that considerably affects patients’ quality of life.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the adoption value of the extracellular vesicle (EV)- small intestinal submucosa (SIS) complex in the repair of USs.

Methods

EVs were extracted from healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, and SIS was prepared using peracetic acid (PAA) oxidation and decellularization. The morphology and particle size of the prepared EV-SIS complex were evaluated using electron microscopy and qNano nanoparticle analyzer, and the labeled proteins of EVs were detected using Western blot method. EV-SIS the complex was implanted in a rabbit model of US, and urodynamic parameters were assessed.

Results

The EV-SIS complex displayed a full morphology, intact membrane structure, and uniform particle size. The protein concentration of EVs in the complex was approximately 0.351 µg/µL, with a yield of approximately 1.86 µg/106 cells. The complex exhibited remarkable repair effects in the rabbit model of US, with bladder capacity, maximal urethral pressure, and minimal urethral pressure all markedly superior to those in the US group ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The EV-SIS complex demonstrates potential clinical value in the repair of USs, improving urodynamic parameters, and offering a promising therapeutic option for patients with US.
Against eco-authoritarianism and ecomodernism: Towards a critique of ‘planetary’ governmentality and fantasies of steering
Authors: Horváth Márk , Lovasz Adam
Published: January 2025

Contemporary society is dominated by the reality of the Anthropocene ecological crisis. In a certain subset of the ecopolitical literature, however, this topic is framed as a problem of governance. Supposedly, the unintended consequences of numerous micro-level human actions can be addressed by macro-level government interventions. Such discourses of eco-governmentality are informed by an emphasis upon the ‘planetary’ and the desirability of political centralisation. Our article seeks to critically engage with both the notion of a supposedly ‘planetary’ community of interests, and also reject the idea of global eco-governmentality. In our view, not only does the misguided emphasis on global ecological governance oversimply the planetary predicament, obscuring differences between cultures and social power structures; but it also runs the risk of obviating local democracy and could also lead to an ecologically legitimated undemocratic global technocracy. Instead of centralisation, further decentralisation could be key to both thinking and acting ‘glocally’, without expecting too much from political systems. We make the case against eco-authoritarianism and also reject ecomodernism. Recent critiques relating to the pitfalls of ecomodernism can help us construct a more inclusive, bottom-up form of ecopolitics.
Health Emergency Challenges and Support Strategies: A Qualitative Study on Healthcare Workers
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Sharma Vimal Rai
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to explore the health emergency related challenges (HECs) faced by healthcare workers (HCWs) during COVID-19. Additionally, the study also examines the various practices and support strategies that have helped HCWs deal with HECs. In this qualitative thematic study, the participants were selected using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to understand the subjective evaluations of health emergency (HE) events. Themes covering different areas of challenge and coping mechanisms were identified. Inductive thematic analysis yielded six themes. This study presents possible HECs that can affect HCWs, and there is convincing evidence that support from different agencies can effectively help HCWs in dealing with HECs. These findings are important and can contribute to policymakers in drawing guidelines for managing and supporting HCWs in future HEs.
Effects of Bhramari and Sheetali Pranayama on Cardio Respiratory Function in Post-COVID Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: P Rohini , Saravanan A. , Maheshkumar K. , ThamaraiSelvi K. , Praba P. Kalyani , Prabhu Venkataraman
Published: January 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a range of long-term health issues in recovered patients, collectively known as "post-COVID syndrome."

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined pranayama techniques, specifically Sheetali and Bhramari, on pulmonary function and heart rate variability in post-COVID patients.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 90 post-COVID patients (aged 19-40). Participants were divided into three groups of 30 each: control, Bhramari Pranayama and Sheetali Pranayama. The intervention groups practiced their respective pranayama techniques for 15 minutes twice daily for 6 months. Outcome measures included Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.

Results

At 3 months, both pranayama groups showed moderate improvements in pulmonary function and HRV compared to baseline. By 6 months, these improvements were significantly enhanced. The Bhramari group showed increased FVC from 3.2 ± 0.5 L to 3.5 ± 0.4 L at 3 months, and to 3.7 ± 0.4 L at 6 months ( P < .001). Similarly, the Sheetali group reflected improved FVC from 3.3 ± 0.4 L to 3.5 ± 0.3 L at 3 months, reaching 3.7 ± 0.3 L at 6 months ( P < .001). HRV measures showed a similar trend, with SDNN and RMSSD in the Bhramari group and Sheetali pranayama group.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the combined effects of Bhramari and Sheetali Pranayama on post-COVID patients. The findings suggest significant improvements in respiratory function and autonomic nervous system balance.
A Mini-Review on Antenatal Screening and Diagnosis
Authors: Sridhar Aparna , Nandini Usha , Srinivasan Dinesh Kumar , Kalyanasundaram Sridhar
Published: January 2025

Antenatal screening for maternal and fetal health is a rapidly evolving field crucial in obstetric care. Various diagnostic and therapeutic options have emerged to address various fetal conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of antenatal maternal screening, focusing on soft markers identified during fetal ultrasound examinations. We will explore the clinical significance of these soft markers and provide a systematic approach to managing cases where they are detected. This review is intended to serve as a valuable resource for pediatricians, neonatologists, and obstetricians with limited experience in fetal medicine. Additionally, we aim to provide clarity and reassurance to parents concerned about the antenatal screening results. By presenting a comprehensive overview of fetal ultrasound soft markers, we hope to empower healthcare professionals and families to make informed decisions regarding fetal health and wellbeing.
Microbial Adaptation in Human Milk: Unraveling the Effects of Gestational Age and Lactation Stage Among Indian Mothers
Authors: Hanumantharaju Anil , Nimbalkar Somashekhar , Joshi Chaitanya , Kunjadiya Anju , Patel Axil , Patel Dipen , Raval Krutarth , Shekh Satyamitra , Dalwadi Priyanka , Pujara Reshma
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Human milk once considered sterile is a habitat for a diverse microbiome. Breast milk is vital in the formation of the newborn microbiome and affects various health outcomes. Its microbiota is influenced by mode of delivery, geographic location, mastitis, diet, obesity, and gestational age and lactation stage. Knowledge of region-wise data regarding human milk microbiome is the need of an hour.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize breast milk microbiome and to know the effect of gestational age and lactation stage on it.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal study included 30 mothers, of whom 10 were of gestational age < 32 weeks, 10 between 32 and 36 6/7 weeks, and the remaining 10 above 37 weeks of gestation at the time of delivery. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for microbiome at three different time points, that is, colostrum, transition milk (7-9 days), and mature milk (after 14 days).

Results

381bacterial colonies were isolated and 242 colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and cross-verified with 16s RNA sequencing, which included 38 different bacterial species. The majority of colonies (229/242) identified belonged to 4 phyla- firmicutes 119 (51.97%), proteobacteria 48 (20.96%), Bacillota 41 (17.9%), and actinobacteria 21 (9.17%). Bacterial diversity increased with gestational age and lactation stage and the proportion of actinobacteria and Bacillota increased significantly with lactation stage ( P value −.039), showing that preterm mother’s milk has a lesser quantity of beneficial bacteria.

Conclusion

This study provided the insight into effect of gestational age and lactation stage on breast milk microbiome. The diversity of milk microbiome increases with lactation and gestational age; however, the preterm mother’s milk lacks sufficient beneficial bacteria.
Synergistic Effects of Cordyceps militaris and Alpha-lipoic Acid on Brain Disorders Associated with Age-dependent Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kumar Harish , Bansal Seema , Chaudhary Rishabh , Dagar Wandeep , Goyal Neha , Aggarwal Khushboo , Gupta Sumeet , Choudhary Sunayna
Published: January 2025

Background

Oxidative stress is the primary factor responsible for the development of neuroinflammation and brain deficits. As aging occurs, the chances of oxidative stress increase due to lifestyle modification, environmental, and genetic factors. The brain is especially susceptible to oxidative damage because of its elevated oxygen consumption, lipid composition, and comparatively inadequate antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress associated with aging results in DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and compromised repair mechanisms.

Purpose

To investigate the efficacy of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in mitigating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aged rats and to assess their potential therapeutic effects on cognitive performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and oxidative stress markers.

Methods

This study involved using aged rats to evaluate the impact of CME and ALA on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The rats were administered CME and ALA, and various assessments were conducted to measure cognitive performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and oxidative stress markers.

Results

The administration of CME and ALA to aged rats significantly improved cognitive performance. Additionally, there were an enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activity and a reduction in oxidative stress markers. These findings indicate that both CME and ALA positively mitigate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Conclusion

CME extract and ALA exhibit therapeutic potential in treating aging-related oxidative stress and inflammation. Their use could be beneficial in combating brain disorders caused by aging, highlighting their importance in the field of geriatric healthcare.
Loss Aversion and Tax Evasion: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Dhami Sanjit , Hajimoladarvish Narges , Mamidi Pavan
Published: January 2025

We consider income-source-dependent tax evasion and show that this is a generalisation of the well-known endowment effect. We show that loss aversion, moral costs, mental accounting and risk preferences play a role in explaining key features of source-dependent tax evasion. We provide evidence of the first direct link between subject-specific loss aversion and tax evasion, which is central to most successful modern theoretical accounts of tax evasion. We provide some evidence that risk aversion strengthens the cautionary effect of loss aversion and risk loving behaviour attenuates, or reverses, it. However, the underlying effect is also influenced by the source of income. Evasion is increasing in the tax rate and decreasing in the audit penalty, as predicted. Our study provides novel theoretical insights; proposes new methods in the estimation of the underlying behavioural parameters; and confirms the central predictions of the theory, while pointing out challenges for further developments that existing theory is unable to account for.

JEL: C91, C92, D82, D91, G21
Exploring the Linkages Between Land Degradation and Food Insecurity
Authors: Ahmed Farid , Shakeel Adnan , Ahmad Shazada , Kaur Navneet
Published: January 2025

Currently, two major challenges significantly threaten human civilisation: the degradation of land quality and the insufficient access to sustainable food supplies. They are becoming common in numerous places globally, especially in developing nations with elevated population growth rates. Prior studies have examined the impact of several types of land degradation, including soil erosion, waterlogging, stalinisation and desertification, on crop yield, water quality and agricultural productivity. This article comprehensively examines the interrelationship and reciprocal influence between land degradation and food insecurity, emphasising the intricate dynamics of elements contributing to both global challenges. The article analyses several types of land degradation, their direct and indirect effects on the foundations of food security, and how rising food demands exacerbate land degradation. The research advocates for collaborative initiatives at local, national, and global tiers to disrupt the detrimental cycle and establish a resilient, food-secure future.
Licence to operate: The institutionalisation of Australian company annual reports, 1910–2018
Authors: Wright Claire EF
Published: January 2025

Annual reports are crucial for corporate accountability, and for firms to obtain their social licence to operate. Although research has identified the internal company drivers of annual reporting, we know less about the way Australian annual reports developed as a long-term, collective practice. Through a historical, cross-sectional content analysis, this article examines the impact of external institutional pressures on the annual reports of large Australian corporations. Interpreting the results with new institutional theory (NIT), I find that coercive pressure from company regulations and societal expectations, and normative pressures from the accounting profession, have improved standards of corporate accountability. Simultaneously, normative pressures encouraged companies to use annual reports for corporate public relations. This has contributed to annual reports that are homogenous in content but with conflicting audiences and objectives. The analysis highlights the institutionalisation and historical path dependencies of annual reports and contextualises current concerns over disclosure quality and transparency.
Understanding influences on psychiatry specialty selection in Victoria’s Medical workforce
Authors: Roberts Monica , Chung Ru Dee , Forbes Malcolm , Hew Anthony , Aung Ar Kar , Kang Matthew
Published: January 2025

Objective

Australia faces a psychiatrist shortage, making it crucial to understand factors influencing specialty choice and workforce retention.

Method

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical doctors in their prevocational and vocational stages working in Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked about various factors that influenced their choice of specialty. This study focused on those interested in or currently training in psychiatry. To explore differences in factors influencing specialty choice, prevocational doctors interested in psychiatry were compared to those undecided about their specialty.

Results

Of the 107 respondents, 56 expressed interest in or were training in psychiatry. The top five factors influencing psychiatry specialty choice were perceived ability, specialty culture, prior experience, work–life balance, and patient interactions. Both prevocational and vocational doctors shared similar views on these factors. Factors such as the cost of training, influence of family and friends, prestige, length of the training program, and salary were reported as less influential.

Conclusions

This study identified several factors that were important to junior doctors when selecting psychiatry as a specialty. Active consideration of these factors within service and training frameworks may facilitate improved junior doctor wellbeing and greater workforce retention.
Employment Accommodation Experiences Among American Workers with Multiple Sclerosis: A Mixed-Method Analysis
Authors: Bishop Malachy , Park Sara , Ko Eunjeong , Koc Muharrem , Zhou Kaiqi , Rumrill Phillip
Published: January 2025

Background

In this study we explored the employment accommodation needs and experiences of American workers with multiple sclerosis (MS). Considerable research has examined the factors that people with MS face in maintaining employment. Relatively little has focused on the accommodation experiences and needs of this population.

Objective

We explored four research questions, concerning (a) the types of vocational accommodations people with MS seek, (b) employer responses to requests, (c) how workers with MS describe their accommodation-related experiences, and (d) what advice participants would offer to other workers with MS.

Method

The research questions were addressed using a mixed-method cross-sectional survey-based design. The sample included 368 iConquerMS members who were either employed ( n = 267; 72.6%) or had been employed in the past 5 years. Participants completed a web-based survey delivered through the iConquerMS web-based platform. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Most (51.3%) working participants were not using accommodations. Most participants who requested an employment accommodation received one. The most frequently used accommodations among employed participants included (a) changes in work schedules (21.72%), (b) working at home full-time (21.35%), and (c) modifications of workstation or work facilities (10.86%). Participants described barriers to accessing and maintaining accommodations.

Conclusion

This study among a large sample of working, or recently working, people with MS provides information on both the successful negotiation and the barriers faced in the employment accommodation process. The implications for vocational rehabilitation professionals are described.
Functional mobility and depression negatively impact quality of life in older adults with stroke
Authors: Telebuh Mirjana , Havelka Mladen , Bertić Želimir , Čovčić Gordana Grozdek , Grubišić Mihaela , Jakuš Lukrecija , Žura Nikolino , Horvat Tišlar Marina , Begić Margareta , Njegovan-Zvonarević Tatjana , Pulić Edina , Jurak Ivan
Published: January 2025

Background

The quality of life (QoL) in elderly post-stroke patients may deteriorate due to an interplay of physical and psychological impairments, compounded by social challenges stemming from these issues.

Objective

This study aimed to identify predictors of QoL in elderly post-stroke patients by evaluating their functional capabilities, depressive symptoms, and levels of social support.

Methods

A cohort of 122 individuals aged 65 and older, who had experienced a stroke, was assessed. Functional independence was gauged using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), depressive states were evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and social support was quantified through the Social Support Scale (SSS). The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was employed to measure QoL.

Results

The FIM and GDS scores were significant predictors for WHOQOL-BREF domains 1 and 2 (adjusted R² = 0.522, p < 0.01; and adjusted R² = 0.586, p < 0.01, respectively). GDS alone was a significant predictor for domain 3 (adjusted R² = 0.236, p < 0.01), while all variables were significant predictors for domain 4 (adjusted R² = 0.315, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Depression, motor function, and social support were identified as the primary predictors of QoL in elderly individuals after suffering a stroke.
The Feasibility of non-motorized Treadmill Training on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, Balance, and Gait in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cho Minkwon , Jeong Taewoong , Chung Yijung
Published: January 2025

Background

Non-motorized treadmills have been used for health improvement in healthy individuals and for enhancing physical fitness in athletes. However, there is a lack of research focusing on their use with patients with stroke.

Objective

This study aims to assess the impact of non-motorized treadmill training on lower limb strength, balance, and gait in patients with stroke, and compare it with flat ground walking training.

Methods

The participants included 22 patients with stroke, divided into two groups: non-motorized treadmill training group ( n = 11) and flat ground walking training group ( n = 11). All participants underwent 20 training sessions, 30 min each, five times a week for four weeks. Outcome measures included the digital dynamometer, Medical Research Council scale (MRC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Four Square Step Test (FSST), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and GAITRite.

Results

The non-motorized treadmill training group showed significant improvements compared to the flat ground walking group in hip abductor and extensor muscle strength, knee flexor and extensor muscle strength, MRC, BBS, FSST, 6MW and gait parameters ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Non-motorized treadmill training may be considered an effective gait rehabilitation method in clinical settings for patients experiencing stroke with reduced lower limb strength, balance, and walking ability.
Factors Influencing Telehealth Satisfaction Among Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ko Dami , Singh Neha , Saczynski Jane
Published: January 2025

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients now have widespread access to telehealth, but the factors influencing their satisfaction still need to be understood. This cross-sectional study explored potential contributors to telehealth satisfaction among SOT recipients, including liver, kidney, and simultaneous liver–kidney recipients. A total of 136 adult SOT recipients completed an online survey. The survey assessed telehealth satisfaction, previous telehealth experiences, including confidence levels and the need for assistance from others, electronic health literacy (eHealth literacy), perceived physical and mental health status, and cognitive function, along with demographic and clinical characteristics. The multivariate regression backward selection method was used to identify potential factors contributing to telehealth satisfaction. Participants had a mean age of 60.1 years (standard deviation [ SD] = 10.5) and were, on average, 92 months post-transplant ( SD = 99.9). The mean telehealth satisfaction score was 5.3 out of 7 ( SD = 1.2), indicating positive satisfaction with telehealth. However, lower telehealth satisfaction was associated with poor confidence in communicating with providers via telehealth, lower eHealth literacy, better perceived cognitive function, and a prolonged time since SOT (adjusted R2 = 0.49). SOT recipients who perceive vulnerability in online technology, report better perceived cognitive function, and are farther out from their SOT may exhibit lower satisfaction with telehealth. When considering telehealth for transplant care, clinicians should prioritize addressing the specific concerns and challenges of SOT recipients who may perceive telehealth unfavorably.
Impact of Industrial and Geographical Concentrations of Upstream Industries on Firm Performance During COVID-19
Authors: Namdar Jafar , Pant Gautam , Blackhurst Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Using a large sample of supplier–firm relationships, we develop new measures to operationalize the industrial and geographical concentrations of firms’ upstream industries. The developed measures show an upstream industry might be competitive and contain many suppliers (low industrial concentration) and yet be concentrated in a few countries (high geopolitical concentration) or a small geographical area (high geographical concentration), thus leaving the downstream firm vulnerable to geographical or geopolitical disruptions. Using COVID-19 as an exogenous shock, we document that the firms whose upstream suppliers are operating in industries that have high concentration (either geographically or geopolitically), on average, experienced a reduction of 250 million US dollars in quarterly sales. Thus, competitive industries with ample suppliers may still impose significant risks on downstream firms if the upstream suppliers’ industries are concentrated mainly in a few countries or small geographical areas. Noteworthy, we find evidence that the link between upstream suppliers’ industry-level concentrations and downstream firms’ sales growth is heterogeneous. Specifically, firms can mitigate the negative relationship by adjusting their supply chain networks. The negative relationship is weaker for firms with a geopolitically diversified supply base and firms with more domestic suppliers. Our estimates are robust and consistently identified through several different empirical strategies. Our findings help policymakers and managers to systematically identify locations in supply networks that have the potential to create bottlenecks that may even threaten national security. Additionally, the proposed measures give policymakers insights into which industries to support for onshoring.
The Emergence of Collective Cultural Intelligence in Teams in Multicultural Contexts: A Dynamic Perspective
Authors: Liao Yuan , Thomas David C.
Published: January 2025

What makes a team culturally intelligent is under-studied. To address the gap in the literature and enhance the understanding of the dynamic nature of teams in multicultural contexts, we introduce a novel concept – team-level collective cultural intelligence – to explain how teams develop a collective property that helps them deal with cultural diversity more effectively. Integrating the literature on cultural intelligence, multicultural teams, and emergent states, we propose that collective cultural intelligence arises from the cultural intelligence of individual team members through their interactions, which involves team learning. This emergent process is contingent on the cultural diversity and power disparity within the team, as well as the specific characteristics of team learning that occurs. Collective cultural intelligence enhances team performance in multicultural contexts and members’ individual cultural intelligence.
The Management of Linezolid-Induced Adverse Events in Shorter and Longer Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Atshemyan Hakob , Khachatryan Naira , Khachatryan Anush , Mirzoyan Narine
Published: January 2025

Background:

Linezolid is included in most of the regimens for treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The prior publications presented the safety profile and clinical effectiveness of linezolid.

Objectives:

The research objectives of this study include: description of cumulative incidence rates of linezolid-induced adverse events, assessment of associations of those events with different variables, evaluation of the adverse event management and impacts of the unfavorable events on the effectiveness of treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods:

We analyzed and compared the data of 2 cohorts: the retrospective cohort of the longer treatment regimens, and the prospective longitudinal cohort consisting of patients on the shorter regimens. Systematic collection of data on adverse events was conducted according to the principles of active pharmacovigilance.

Results:

The most common linezolid-induced adverse event was peripheral neuropathy (17.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2-25.8). Developing peripheral neuropathy was associated with comorbidities (HIV and endocrine disorders) and the age above 56. The patients exposed to the combination of linezolid and cycloserine were at higher risk of peripheral neuropathy compared with the patients receiving only one of those drugs. The mean time to recovery from peripheral neuropathy was 5.5 months. Myelosuppression and optic nerve disorders were observed at a relatively low frequency.

Conclusion and relevance:

The rational management of linezolid-induced adverse events minimizes their impact on the effectiveness of treatment. The timely withdrawal of linezolid is the most rational way to prevent delayed recovery from peripheral neuropathy. The withdrawal of linezolid during the first 4 months of chemotherapy was associated with the failure to complete the shorter regimens in 9 months because of slow radiological dynamics. In our research, we are the first to assess the safety and effectiveness of the mSTR regimens in the context of linezolid-induced adverse events by comparing the findings with the data of conventional treatment.
Psychological Risk and Protective Factors for the Development of Prolonged Grief in Mourners
Authors: Ribera-Asensi Olga , Pérez-Marín Marián , Valero-Moreno Selene
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationships between stressful life events (SLEs), social support, psychopathology, and attachment in the bereavement process. We focus on predicting the risk of prolonged grief in bereaved caregivers of palliative patients and relatives of patients who died from sudden cardiac death, using complementary methodologies: regression models and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Methodology: Sample was 150 bereaved caregivers of palliative patients and relatives of patients who died from sudden cardiac death. Participants completed questionnaires assessing these factors. Results: Nearly half of the participants were at moderate-high risk for prolonged grief. Bereavement risk was negatively associated with instrumental and emotional social support and positively correlated with psychopathology and SLE. Hierarchical regression analysis explained 21.40% of the variance in prolonged grief risk, while QCA models identified high levels of psychopathology and perceived SLE as significant predictors. Conversely, secure attachment and strong social support were linked to lower risk. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of personalized support programs to enhance caregivers’ well-being during bereavement.
Correlates of Couple Flourishing Among Married Individuals in India
Authors: Ghosh Rohini , Chaurasiya Akanksha
Published: January 2025

Marriages, as a social institution, have long been a research focus. Due to numerous factors and a lack of studies on non-Western collectivistic groups, this study aims to explore the correlates of couple flourishing among married individuals in India. A purposive sampling technique was used, and 98 participants were administered the love language scale, intimate bonds measure, conflict resolution styles inventory and couple identity items. Data analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient indicates that flourishing shares significant correlations with couple identity, quality time as a love language, intimate bonds of care and control and various conflict resolution styles. While the increase in positive problem-solving increases flourishing, conflict engagement, withdrawal, and compliance have a varying negative association. The study contributes valuable insights for individuals, couples, and practitioners within the Indian context and urges a look into the role of quality time, care, and constructive conflict resolution in the flourishing of couples.
Pancreatic Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors are Frequently Undergraded on Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Biopsy Sampling: A Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Kozak Michael , Waters Kevin M. , Larson Brent K. , Guindi Maha , Lai Keith K. , Hutchings Danielle A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives. To determine the accuracy of grading pancreatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). Methods. Fifty-three (53) PanNETs from 52 patients with EUS-FNB and subsequent resection were included, including 1 patient with 2 synchronous tumors biopsied separately. Grade (G) was assigned as per the 2019 World Health Organization criteria. The concordance of grade between EUS-FNB and resection was measured using kappa statistic. Clinicopathologic features were compared between specimens with concordant or discordant grading. Results. Two-thirds of patients were male, and the median age was 62 years (range 27–85). Four received neoadjuvant therapy. 89% were nonfunctional, whereas 11% were functional. Concordance of grade between EUS-FNB and resection was moderate (kappa = 0.45). Precisely 25% (13 out of 51) of G1 or G2 specimens were discordant. G2 tumors were frequently undergraded on EUS-FNB (11 out of 18; 61%), whereas G1 tumors were only rarely overgraded (2 out of 33; 6%). Two G3 tumors were concordant. There was no correlation between concordance and other clinicopathologic features, except for perineural invasion. Conclusions. The concordance of PanNET grading between EUS-FNB and resection was moderate, and G2 tumors were frequently undergraded on EUS-FNB. Knowledge of this is important to recognize and acknowledge, as this could potentially impact treatment decisions in some patients.
Metastatic Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Presenting as an Adrenal Incidentaloma: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Dixit Sonali , Nath Nayantrishna , Agarwal Shipra , Rastogi Sameer , Shamim Shamim Ahmed , Nayyar Rishi , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Sharma Mehar Chand
Published: January 2025

Background. Metastasis of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) to the adrenal gland is infrequent, with only eight patients reported in the literature. Here we present an ASPS in an adolescent girl presented as a hypervascular adrenal incidentaloma along with a review of the available literature. This study aims to serve as a reference to aid in the pre-operative radiological and histopathological diagnosis of this rare entity. Case presentation. A 17-year-old adolescent girl presented to the Department of Urology after the detection of a hypervascular left adrenal incidentaloma on follow-up PET-CT, five months post-surgery for frontal bone ASPS. The radiological differential diagnoses were adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and metastatic ASPS. The post-operative adrenalectomy specimen, on gross examination, revealed a solid, variegated tumor replacing the entire normal adrenal parenchyma. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed a tumor with cells dispersed in nests separated by large fibrovascular septae. The tumor cells were large, polygonal with abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. Occasional mitotic figures, foci of necrosis, dystrophic calcification, and sinusoidal and vascular invasion were noted. Histopathological differential diagnoses were metastatic ASPS, a primary adrenocortical carcinoma, and local infiltration/metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Ancillary studies including immunohistochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and ultrastructural examination helped to confirm the diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma metastatic to the adrenal gland. Conclusion. ASPS presenting as a hypervascular incidentaloma is rare and is likely to be misdiagnosed, especially as adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The differential diagnosis is further complicated by an overlap of pathological features among these entities. A relevant clinical history and ancillary tests are mandatory to diagnose these tumors. Early detection can help timely therapeutic intervention that can improve patient outcome.
Factors Associated With the Recovery of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Anthracycline-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Shugg Tyler , Nguyen Tk , Hua Xuesi , Richards Blair , Rae James , Dess Robert , Perry Daniel , Kay Bradley , Hayek Salim S. , Leja Monika , Luzum Jasmine A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Neurohormonal blocking drugs, like beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are recommended for treating anthracycline-induced left ventricular dysfunction (AILVD). However, there is limited evidence supporting their benefit. Therefore, this study evaluated associations of neurohormonal blockers and other clinical factors with recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with AILVD.

Methods

This retrospective chart review assessed patients treated with at least one dose of anthracycline, then had ≥10% LVEF reduction or post-anthracycline LVEF value <50%, and then had a follow-up LVEF measurement ≥90 days later. The primary endpoint was LVEF recovery (highest follow-up LVEF−lowest LVEF post-anthracycline). Variables from univariable tests with P < .1 were incorporated in a multiple linear regression model for independent factors significantly associated with LVEF recovery ( P < .05).

Results

Out of 104 patients, 83% were female, 86% self-reported white race, 53% had breast cancer, median (IQR) age was 52 (22) years, and LVEF recovery was 14% (16%). The final multivariable model included 2 significant variables: beta-blocker dose after anthracycline exposure (every 25 mg increase in beta-blocker dose was associated with 5.0% increase in LVEF recovery; P = .0005) and the time between the start of the anthracycline and the lowest LVEF post-anthracycline (every 5-year increase in time was associated with 1.8% decrease in LVEF recovery; P = .0379).

Conclusions

In patients with AILVD, a higher beta-blocker dose and earlier detection of LVEF reduction post-anthracycline were significantly and independently associated with improved LVEF recovery. These findings need to be validated in a larger, independent cohort.
Improved segmental active disturbance rejection control for direct-drive valve controlled hydraulic shaking table
Authors: Ren Haoxin , Cui Jin , Fang Jinshi , Tan Cao , Hao Mingji
Published: January 2025

To address the performance degradation of hydraulic shaking table under nonlinear disturbances, an improved segmental active disturbance rejection controller (IS-ADRC) based on a switching control law is designed. A self-coupling PID (SC-PID) control law is designed, and an adaptive speed factor model is proposed to enhance the system’s response speed without compromising disturbance observation ability, thus avoiding oscillations and instability caused by high-gain observer. To overcome the jitter issue in traditional nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF) control laws, an improved control law (INLSEF) based on a smooth Fal-M function is designed to replace the traditional fal function. Moreover, considering the potential for integral saturation, a switching principle is designed to switch from the SC-PID control law to the INLSEF control law at small errors, ensuring smooth system convergence. The stability of the controller is proved using Lyapunov stability theory. Results demonstrate that the proposed IS-ADRC improves the response speed and anti-disturbance ability of the hydraulic shaking table. Furthermore, the Fal-M function effectively reduces the jitter phenomenon compared to traditional ADRC.
Dynamic reliability estimation of onshore wind turbine tower based on frequency-domain method
Authors: Liu Yangyudong , He Minjuan
Published: January 2025

With the upscaling of wind turbine, the issue of dynamic reliability of wind turbine towers has become increasingly evident. However, the complexity and nonlinearity of wind turbine dynamics present significant challenges in evaluating their dynamic reliability under stochastic loads, requiring substantial computational resources. In this paper, a computationally cost-effective frequency-domain method is proposed as a means of estimating the dynamic reliability of an onshore wind turbine tower. An analytical approach is employed to obtain the power spectral density (PSD) of the rated wind speed and load on the rotating blades. Secondly, a dynamic model of onshore horizontal axis onshore wind turbine is established using flexible multi-body dynamics (MBD). The linear time-varying dynamic equation is transformed into a linear time-invariant form through the application of statistical linearization method. Subsequently, complex modal analysis is used to employ the displacements and internal forces of the tower. Moreover, the first-passage reliability and fatigue reliability of the wind turbine tower are determined through power spectral analysis. A numerical example of a 5-MW wind turbine is presented to demonstrate that the proposed method yields results in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations (MCS), thereby demonstrating its effectiveness. The reliability analysis of the 5-MW wind turbine reveals that over a 20-year design life, the first-passage reliability is 0.9997 when adopting fore-after displacement at the tower top as the failure criterion, and the fatigue reliability of the tower base is 0.9445.
Lead compensator with proportional derivative control for lane keeping assistance system in presence of road disturbances
Authors: Shahi Gaurav , Saha Suman , Rath Jagat Jyoti
Published: January 2025

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) hold the potential to significantly reduce the number of road fatalities while enhancing vehicle safety and stability. A prominent feature of ADAS is the Lane Keep Assistance System (LKAS), designed to prevent unintended lane departures and ensure vehicles stay within their designated lanes, thereby safeguarding passengers. This research is centered on developing a lead/lag compensator for the robust design of a PID controller dedicated to lane keeping assistance control. The compensator-PD controller enhances lane tracking performance while ensuring vehicle stability is maintained. The gains of the PD controller are tuned using the Ziegler–Nichols method to achieve robustness in presence of road disturbances. The performance of the proposed controller was compared with that of a PID controller without any compensator and a fuzzy PID controller across variable speed conditions and the presence of sharp road curvature disturbances. Based on extensive simulation studies in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment the performance of all above controllers was evaluated. The proposed compensator based controller outperforms the existing designs by ensuring minimum tracking error.
Understanding Resistance Among Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Co-Produced Study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kelsall-Knight Lucille , Mulveen Jacky , Clarke Anna , Cripps Molly , Bradbury-Jones Caroline
Published: January 2025

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a global problem that affects approximately one in four women in their lifetime. An area of unexplored research is how women use a range of strategies to honor resistance, manage the risk, avoid abuse, and cope with the pain of DVA. Art-based methodology and interpretative phenomenological analysis approaches were used which determined seven strategies employed by women in order to survive DVA: apparent compliance; maintaining a sense of self; knowing boundaries; keeping hope in sight; imagining freedom; degrees of rebellion; and denial. This created a conceptual model for understanding DVA survivorship (The SEED Model).
Perceptions and satisfaction of oncology pharmacy services among cancer patients and healthcare providers at the central zone hospital's oncology section
Authors: Zimbwe Kauke Bakari , Yona Yusto Julius , Madebele Mkapa Faustine , Chiwambo Charity Alphonce
Published: January 2025

Background

Our research focused on assessing the satisfaction of cancer patients with oncology pharmacy services, as well as evaluating the satisfaction levels of other healthcare and supportive staff associated with the oncology pharmacy unit.

Methodology

This qualitative cross-sectional study, based on a questionnaire, aimed to evaluate the best practices of oncology pharmacy services for patients and the efficiency of services provided by healthcare professionals and administrators at Benjamin Mkapa Hospital (BMH). The study was conducted at the adult oncology unit from July to August 2022. It included all consenting patients and staff who attended or served in the unit and met the inclusion criteria during this period.

Results

A total of 62 cancer patients and 53 BMH staff members working closely with the unit were interviewed. Among the patients, approximately 86% expressed satisfaction with the overall care provided by the oncology pharmacy services, 79% were satisfied with the dispensing practices and pharmaceutical care, and 64% were pleased with the patient-pharmacy personnel relationship. The staff survey, conducted among those closely collaborating with the oncology pharmacy unit, revealed that 85% were satisfied with the unit's plan and mission, 72% were content with the teamwork and motivation of the pharmacy personnel, and 92% were satisfied with the competencies of the oncology pharmacy staff.

Conclusion

Our thorough study revealed notably high levels of satisfaction and acceptance concerning the services provided by oncology pharmaceutical personnel. Pharmacists should ensure their presence during patient visits and dedicate adequate time for counselling to enhance patients’ therapeutic alliance. Furthermore, optimising pharmacy workflow and adopting a patient-centred approach will help create a more organised and welcoming environment, reducing turnaround time.
Normal tension glaucoma as initial manifestation of Takayasu arteritis- an unknown entity
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Singh Prabhjot , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Ambiya Vikas , Khullar Srishti , RK Preeti
Published: January 2025

Objective

To report an unusual manifestation of normal tension glaucoma(NTG) in a young female as presenting feature of Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods

We present a case of a 24-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with NTG, with characteristic optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes, and corresponding visual field defects. Further evaluation with CT angiography revealed that the patient had newly diagnosed TA.

Results

NTG was likely a manifestation of the underlying vasculitis. patient was initially started on oral prednisolone by the rheumatologist which was changed to steroid-sparing immunotherapy with methotrexate 15 mg once weekly and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg. The patient has been on regular follow-up for last one year with adequate IOP control and no progression of glaucomatous changes since presentation.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation in patients with NTG and the need to consider systemic conditions, such as TA, as potential underlying cause in young female patients presenting with NTG.
What factors influence Australian media professionals’ level of agreement with guidelines for reporting suicide?
Authors: Skehan Jaelea , Tynan Ross , Thienel Renate , Pirkis Jane , Maple Myfanwy , Kelly Brian
Published: January 2025

This study examined whether Australian media professionals agree with guidelines for reporting suicide (Mindframe guidelines) and the factors that may influence their level of agreement. Participants completed an online survey to assess their level of agreement with Mindframe guidelines and to explore factors that might be associated with guideline agreement. These factors included demographic variables, suicide stigma, exposure to suicide, perceived strength of the evidence, personal use of guidelines, organisational compliance with guidelines and prior exposure to Mindframe. In total, 262 Australian media professionals from broadcast, print, digital and other media were recruited. Participants agreed with 15 of the 16 guideline statements, with linear regression showing that prior exposure to Mindframe was a significant predictor of agreement as was the perceived strength of the evidence, personal application of guidelines and stigma. Guidelines for reporting suicide should be enhanced by an active implementation strategy informed by knowledge and views of media professionals.