bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction kinetics and pathways of crotonic acid conversion in sub- and supercritical water for renewable fuel production
Authors: Gubatanga Diane Valenzuela , Sawai Osamu , Nunoura Teppei
Published: November 2021

The degradation of an unsaturated lipid compound in water proceeds via two temperature-driven pathways – ionic and free radical reaction pathways.
Shelf lifetime analysis of organic solar cells combining frequency and time resolved techniques
Authors: Torimtubun Alfonsina Abat Amelenan , Méndez Maria , Sánchez José G. , Pallarès Josep , Palomares Emilio , Marsal Lluis F.
Published: November 2021

Combined impedance spectroscopy and photovoltage/photocurrent transient techniques with dark J–V modelling was employed to study the shelf ISOS-D1 stability of organic solar cells.
A model-system of Fickian yet non-Gaussian diffusion: light patterns in place of complex matter
Authors: Pastore Raffaele , Ciarlo Antonio , Pesce Giuseppe , Sasso Antonio , Greco Francesco
Published: November 2021

Digitally controlled speckle light patterns induce Fickian yet non-Gaussian diffusion of colloidal tracers and allow for in-depth study of its features and precursors.
Polymer pattern-induced self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Zhu Bojin , Wang Yining , Hao Yujian , Zhang Jun , Li Zhen
Published: November 2021

We designed a template-free strategy to induce inorganic nanoparticles to self-assemble into different patterns by the surface patterning of copolymers.
Thermally activated dynamic gating underlies higher gas adsorption at higher temperatures in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Dwarkanath Nimish , Balasubramanian Sundaram
Published: November 2021

Mechanism of higher gas adsorption at higher temperature is revealed using analysis of free energy barrier for gas diffusion across gated pore channels.
Flexible electronics based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Jiang Dongting , Liu Zhiyuan , Xiao Zhe , Qian Zhengfang , Sun Yiling , Zeng Zhiyuan , Wang Renheng
Published: November 2021

We have reviewed recently reported TMD-based flexible devices with their merits and future challenges, which may provide innovative ideas for the enhancements of both device efficiency and flexibility of the TMD-based flexible electronics.
Influence of Y-substitution on phase composition and proton uptake of self-generated Ba(Ce,Fe)O3−δ–Ba(Fe,Ce)O3−δcomposites
Authors: Berger Christian , Bucher Edith , Merkle Rotraut , Nader Christina , Lammer Judith , Grogger Werner , Maier Joachim , Sitte Werner
Published: November 2021

Substitution with Y affects phase formation and the local cation stoichiometry of the Ce-rich and Fe-rich phases of BaCe1−(x+z)FexYzO3−δself-generated composites. This is of particular importance for the water uptake in these compounds.
SILAR deposition of bismuth vanadate photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Ratnayake Samantha Prabath , Ren Jiawen , van Embden Joel , McConville Chris F. , Della Gaspera Enrico
Published: November 2021

Bismuth vanadate coatings are fabricatedviaa sequential solution-based method and used as photoanodes for water oxidation achieving exceptional performances.
High and thermally stable piezoelectricity in relaxor-based ferroelectrics for mechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Yu Xiaole , Hou Yudong , Zheng Mupeng , Zhu Mankang
Published: November 2021

High and thermally stable piezoelectricity over a wide temperature range is simultaneously achieved in the new PZN–PHT ceramics via enhancing the lattice angle distortion.
π-Adsorption promoted electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation on single-atom Ni dispersed N-doped carbon
Authors: Ma Wenxiu , Chen Zhe , Bu Jun , Liu Zhenpeng , Li Jinjin , Yan Chen , Cheng Lin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Jichao , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2021

As a novel electrocatalyst for acetylene semihydrogenation, single-atom nickel dispersed N-doped carbon exhibits a high acetylene conversion of 97.4%, which are attributed to weak π-adsorption of ethylene on individual Ni sites.
Remarkable Cd-free Sb2Se3 solar cell yield achieved by interface band-alignment and growth orientation screening
Authors: Wang Weihuang , Cao Zixiu , Wang Huanhuan , Luo Jingshan , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2021

TiCl4 post-treatment on TiO2 ETL can significantly improve the conduction band alignment of TiO2/Sb2Se3 interface and tailor the growth orientation of Sb2Se3 thin film by incorporating of Cl element at TiO2/Sb2Se3 interface and enhancing the (101) orientation of TiO2.
Structural design and mechanism analysis of hierarchical porous carbon fibers for advanced energy and environmental applications
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Quanxiang , Kang Weimin , Lei Weiwei , Wang Xungai , Lu Chunxiang , Naebe Minoo
Published: November 2021

The progress in the synthesis of porous carbon fibers and their performance improvement mechanisms for energy and environmental applications are comprehensively reviewed, providing guidelines for the future development of this emerging material.
Ultralow Ru-assisted and vanadium-doped flower-like CoP/Ni2P heterostructure for efficient water splitting in alkali and seawater
Authors: Ma Qianli , Jin Huihui , Xia Fanjie , Xu Hanwen , Zhu Jiawei , Qin Rui , Bai Huawei , Shuai Binbin , Huang Wenyang , Chen Ding , Li Zilan , Wu Jinsong , Yu Jun , Mu Shichun
Published: November 2021

Flower-like RuV–CoNiP, with unique charge distribution and surface properties, effectively drives water splitting in alkali and seawater.
Synergetic electronic modulation and nanostructure engineering of heterostructured RuO2/Co3O4 as advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Zhuang Xiaojie , Zhou Yitong , Jiang Zhongqing , Yao Xianzhi , Yu Xin-Yao
Published: November 2021

Synergistic electronic modulation and nanostructure engineering are realized by the synthesis of hierarchical RuO2/Co3O4 hollow spheres, presenting excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity and promising application in zinc–air batteries.
Silver nanoflowers coupled with low dose antibiotics enable the highly effective eradication of drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Li Xin , Ahmad Khan Zara , He Jie , Li Hongxia , Wang Xin , Feng Zijian , Wang Xiansong , Shen Guangxia , Ding Xianting
Published: November 2021

Silver nanoflowers restore the susceptibility of drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics by the enrichment of antibiotics and augmented regulation of bacterial metabolic activity, which achieves eradication of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli.
Advances in applying C–H functionalization and naturally sourced building blocks in organic semiconductor synthesis
Authors: Xing Liwen , Luscombe Christine K.
Published: November 2021

This review presents the recent advances in the synthesis of organic semiconductors using C–H functionalization and naturally sourced building blocks to facilitate the large-scale production and commercialization of organic semiconductors.
Interface-controlled integration of functional oxides with Ge
Authors: Averyanov Dmitry V. , Sokolov Ivan S. , Karateev Igor A. , Taldenkov Alexander N. , Kondratev Oleg A. , Parfenov Oleg E. , Tokmachev Andrey M. , Storchak Vyacheslav G.
Published: November 2021

2D phases at the interface are shown to control synthesis of functional oxide/germanium heterostructures. The long-standing problem of EuO integration with the Ge platform is solved.
Pressure-dependent topographic evolutions of cold-sintered zinc oxide surfaces
Authors: Bang Sun Hwi , Randall Clive A.
Published: November 2021

Flat in-plane polycrystalline microstructures and pressure-dependent topographic evolutions can be studied with respect to the surface dihedral angle and groove geometry using atomic force microscopy.
The trans/cis ratio of formic (HCOOH) and thioformic (HC(O)SH) acids in the interstellar medium
Authors: García de la Concepción J. , Colzi L. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Molpeceres G. , Corchado J. C. , Rivilla V. M. , Martín-Pintado J. , Beltrán M. T. , Mininni C.
Published: November 2021

Context. Observations of the different isomers of molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) have revealed that both low- and high-energy isomers can be present in space despite the low temperature conditions. It has been shown that the presence of these isomers may be due to tunneling effects.

Aims. We carried out a theoretical study of the cis–trans isomerization reactions of two astrophysically relevant acids, formic acid (HCOOH) and thioformic acid (HC(O)SH), where the latter has recently been discovered in space. We also searched for these molecules towards the hot core G31.41+0.31 to compare their abundances with the expected theoretical isomerization results.

Methods. We employed high-level ab initio calculations to study the reaction rate constants of the isomerization reactions. We used the canonical variational transition state theory with the multidimensional small curvature tunneling approximation in the temperature range of 10–400 K. Moreover, we used the spectrum obtained from the ALMA 3mm spectral survey GUAPOS (GUAPOS: G31 Unbiased ALMA sPectral Observational Survey), with a spectral resolution of ~0.488 MHz and an angular resolution of 1.′′2×1.′′2 (~4500 au), to derive column densities of HCOOH and HC(O)SH towards G31.41+0.31.

Results. Our results demonstrate that these isomerizations are viable in the conditions of the ISM due to ground-state tunneling effects, which allow the system to reach the thermodynamic equilibrium at moderately low temperatures. At very low temperatures (Tkin ~ 10 K), the reaction rate constants for the cis-to-trans isomerizations are very small, which implies that the cis isomers should not be formed under cold ISM conditions. This is in disagreement with observations of the cis/trans isomers of HCOOH in cold cores where the cis isomer is found to be ~5–6% the trans isomer. At high temperatures (~150–300 K), our theoretical data not only match the observed behavior of the trans/cis abundance ratios for HCOOH (the cis form is undetected), but they support our tentative detection of the trans and – for the first time in the insterstellar medium – the cis isomer of HC(O)SH towards the hot molecular core G31.41+0.31 (with a measured trans/cis abundance ratio of ~3.7).

Conclusions. While the trans/cis ratio for HC(O)SH in the ISM depends on the relative stability of the isomers, the trans/cis ratio for HCOOH cannot be explained by isomerization, and is determined by other competitive chemical processes.
Helical UAV – an 'Aerial Screw' inspired conceptual design for a passively cooled UAV
Authors: Kabir Mim , Bouzakis Emmanouil
Published: November 2021

A fleet of aircraft thriving in the military, commercial as well as recreational industry of recent decades has been that of the ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)’, more commonly referred to as ‘Drones’. Their versatility in structure and function suitable for a wide range of applications have drawn considerable interest from leading institutions, industries, and governmental organisations. However, owing to their electronic nature, UAVs have shown significant performance deterioration in high temperature environments. This has been limiting their service in hot climatic regions such as those of the Middle East. In this context, this project investigated on the challenges of operating UAVs in high ambient temperatures and corresponding solutions. Consequently, based on the literature research and primary knowledge of aerodynamics, heat transfer and properties of common materials, a conceptual design has been proposed for a passively cooled, payload-carrying quadcopter body. The technology involves utilizing sun-shielding, natural ventilation and cooling by heat sinks and thermal radiation. The design bears prominent resemblance to the 'Aerial Screw' designed by Leonardo da Vinci which served as an inspiration for the use of a helical structure in the vehicle body, the major heat shielding and distinguishing feature of the UAV. The design in its general layout has been constructed using AutoCAD software and presented with general evaluation, possible flaws, development methods and prospects for the concept.
Structural health monitoring through surface acoustic wave inspection deployed on capillaries embedded in additively manufactured components
Authors: Hinderdael Michaël , Jardon Zoé , Ertveldt Julien , Guillaume Patrick
Published: November 2021

Surface Acoustic Wave inspection is a well-known non-destructive testing technique that receives considerable attention to become implemented as a Structural Health Monitoring system. The current work presents a novel approach to embed Surface Acoustic Wave-based Structural Health Monitoring technology inside additively manufactured components. A capillary network is to be integrated inside the component and Surface Acoustic Wave inspection is then deployed on the free capillary surface during the component’s operation to warn upcoming failures.
Integration and evaluation of a meander-shaped fibre-optical sensor in a GFRP leaf spring
Authors: Janetzko-Preisler Andreas , Wolf-Monheim Friedrich , Souschek Rainer , Kaiser Dominik , Wojtczyk Ralph , Dafnis Athanasios , Schröder Kai-Uwe , David Wolfgang , Zandbergen Paul
Published: November 2021

Fibre-reinforced plastics experience an increasing attention also in the non-aerospace sector. However, the detection of possible internal damage of safety-relevant components remains a challenge. In previous work, a meander-shaped sensor layout with a single fibre-optical sensor was proposed as a particularly efficient and reliable layout and its suitability was demonstrated in coupon tests. In the present work, the approach was transferred to a leaf spring made of glass fibre reinforced plastics and investigated in an extensive test campaign with a realistic test setup. The investigations show the particular suitability of the proposed meander-shaped sensor layout for simultaneous loads monitoring and structural health monitoring.
Automated detection-classification of defects on photo-voltaic modules assisted by thermal drone inspection
Authors: Gurras Arsenios , Gergidis Leonidas , Mytafides Christos , Tzounis Lazaros , Paipetis Alkiviadis S.
Published: November 2021

A new computational procedure is proposed for the automated detection-classification of defects on photovoltaic (PV) modules-panels. Thermal imaging or IR thermography is an important and powerful non-destructive technique for the investigation of structural or operational defects on PV modules and when it is combined with drones can provide a fully automated inspection, detection and defect classification procedure. The aforementioned image processing approach adopts pre- and post-processing tools and methodologies assisting the infrared (IR) thermography for the evaluation of a photovoltaic (PV) module performance. In particular, the passive approach of IR thermography was adopted, a portable thermal imager was used for the in-situ acquisition of images that show the distribution of infrared luminance of the PV panel surface. The acquired images are processed and analyzed for the detection and classification of defects and hot spots on the module’s surface that are potential candidates for faulty operation. The proposed computational methodology adopts gaussian filters for the IR images, thresholding operations, morphological transformations and Artificial Neural Networks. The use of IR thermography assisted by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the inspection of PV modules-panels proved to be a very reliable and efficient tool towards the automated detection-classification of defects.
Damage and failure evaluation of diamond wire for multi-wire sawing of hard stone blocks through modelling and numerical simulation
Authors: Gomes Daniel , Araujo Andreia , Marques Rui , Patricio José , Lopez Vítor , Santos Raquel M.
Published: November 2021

Diamond wires are high-speed, efficient and cost-effective stone cutting tools used both in quarries, to obtain large stone blocks, and in block-processing plants, to shape ornamental stones. Diamond wires are generally composed by a wire rope with evenly spaced diamond beads fixed by a polymer or rubber coating. A numerical model of the diamond wire was developed in Abaqus™ software aiming to study the damage and failure of the steel wire during the cutting process. The model is intended to support the development of this component with enhanced durability and damage resistance.

Previously in this work, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) and numerical model of a 7x7 wire rope was created, followed by experimental validation. The diamond wire model was then based on the wire rope model, with the addition of the polymer coating and the diamond beads. The developed diamond wire model presents an error smaller than 6% relative to the experimental tensile test, corresponding to a valid representation of the component. This model has practical significance for the mechanical evaluation of the diamond wire, supporting further developments, with special focus on its design and manufacturing, to achieve longer service life.
Investigation of penetrator defect formation during high frequency induction welding in pipeline steels
Authors: Sofras Christos , Bouzouni Marianthi , Voudouris Nikolaos , Papaefthymiou Spyros
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the formation of oxide defects known as penetrators during high frequency induction welding process of high strength low alloy pipeline steels and to correlate their formation with the steel chemical composition. Penetrators formed during the welding process can be detrimental for the impact properties of the weld seam. For this purpose, three different samples, with different chemical compositions, were intentionally produced with penetrator-type oxides and investigated. In order to characterize the oxide defect and correlate their formation with the chemical composition of the steel, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy paired with energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed. In addition, thermodynamic calculations were performed in order to examine whether the chemical composition of pipeline steels is prone to oxide formation. The results showed that oxides with pancake type morphology were found alongside the fusion zone of the samples. They mainly consisted of manganese and silicon. First findings on the the Mn/Si ratio showed that the lower ratio is less susceptible to oxide formation.
Influence of the material volume of a lattice structure on bending properties
Authors: Monkova Katarina , Monka Peter Pavol , Šuba Oldřich , Žaludek Milan , Kozak Dražan , Vanca Jan
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the experimental investigation of the influence of material volume of a lattice structure on bending stress. FDM (Fused Deposition modelling) technique and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material were selected for the samples production. Three types of samples with the same simple lattice structure and the same size of a basic cell 5 mm, but differ in a material volume ratio, were analysed experimentally. Minimally six pieces of the samples of each volume ratio were produced and tested using the ZWICK 1456 testing machine at an ambient temperature of 22 °C and at a relative humidity of 60 % according to the standard EN ISO 604. The stress-strain diagrams have been plotted and the values of maximum stresses have been tabled. The measured data were statistically processed, and average values of bending stresses were calculated. Based on the results the behaviour of the structure has been mathematically described, while the results showed that the dependency has an exponential trend.
Autofrettage of component-like ultra high Strength Steel Specimens with intersecting Holes
Authors: Fällgren Carl , Beier Thomas , Vormwald Michael , Kleemann Andreas
Published: November 2021

This work is primarily concerned with the fatigue life of high-pressure-bearing components with intersecting holes, typically used in Diesel engine fuel injection systems. The investigation focuses on specimens with intersecting holes that have undergone the process of Autofrettage (single mechanical overload), which is typically used to extend the fatigue life of components loaded by cyclic internal pressure. The resulting residual stress distribution thus influences the fatigue failure and especially the crack propagation behaviour of the components. In previous works, results showed that besides crack initiation, crack arrest behaviour has to be taken into account when calculating fatigue lives of autofrettaged specimens as the endurance limit is otherwise underestimated. In order to achieve reliable results, material testing with samples made of the ultra high strength steel W360 was performed. The resulting test data were used to simulate the Autofrettage process with finite-element analysis. Calculated residual stress distributions were used to determine at which levels of subsequent cyclic loading crack initiation would occur. For predicted crack initiation, the simulated residual stress distribution was used to investigate the crack propagation behaviour with fracture mechanics based approaches of different complexity in order to identify possible crack arrest or crack propagation. Calculated results were compared to experimental test data from component-like specimens. The comparison showed that the fracture mechanics based approaches are capable of describing the crack arrest and propagation behaviour reliably.
Vorschlag einer Basisdokumentation für die Kinder-, Jugend-
und Familienpsychosomatik auf Basis einer Synopsis von Basisdokumentationen
für Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene
Authors: Ertl Sebastian , Vogt Michael , Loew Thomas , Hinterberger Thilo
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund  In Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie
werden Basisdokumentationen (BaDo) als Instrument zur Qualitätssicherung
eingesetzt. Für den Bereich der Kinder-, Jugend- und
Familienpsychosomatik gibt es bisher keine einheitliche einrichtungs- und
sektorenübergreifende Basisdokumentation. Das Ziel der Studie war es,
auf Basis eines synoptischen Vergleichs etablierter BaDo’s einen
Merkmalskatalog für den Kontext kinder- und jugendpsychosomatischer
Behandlungen vorzuschlagen.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Dokumentenanalyse wurden BaDo-Items
aus dem Kinder-/Jugend- und Erwachsenenbereich entlang eines
Kategoriensystems inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die herausgearbeiteten Aspekte
wurden anschließend nach alters- und fachübergreifenden Inhalten
klassifiziert und nach ihrer Kinder-/Jugendspezifität
eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv statistisch
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Aspekte der Kategorien Familienanamnese und Biografische
Anamnese spezifizierten eine BaDo für Kinder und Jugendliche. Eine
Erfassung von Vorbehandlungen wurde altersübergreifend in BaDo’s
aus dem psychosomatischen Bereich akzentuiert. Die Erhebung soziodemografischer
Daten musste konzeptuell an die altersabhängigen Anforderungen des
Kinder- und Jugendbereichs angepasst werden.

Schlussfolgerung Auf Grundlage eines empirischen Zugangs konnte eine
modular aufgebaute BaDo für die Kinder-, Jugend- und
Familienpsychosomatik formuliert werden, die einrichtungs-, sektoren- und
berufsgruppenübergreifende Auswertungen ermöglicht. Das
Instrument sollte in einem nächsten Schritt in einer Anwendungsstudie
evaluiert und im Anschluss auf breiter Ebene konsentiert werden.
Shedding light on how spray formula surfactants affect droplet size and distribution
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: November 2021

Enable ‘fine-tuning’ of spray droplets for numerous applications through dynamic surface tension
Considerations and recent advances in nanoscale interfaces with neuronal and cardiac networks
Authors: Tchoe Youngbin , Lee Jihwan , Liu Ren , Bourhis Andrew M. , Vatsyayan Ritwik , Tonsfeldt Karen J. , Dayeh Shadi A.
Published: November 2021

Nanoscale interfaces with biological tissue, principally made with nanowires (NWs), are envisioned as minimally destructive to the tissue and as scalable tools to directly transduce the electrochemical activity of a neuron at its finest resolution. This review lays the foundations for understanding the material and device considerations required to interrogate neuronal activity at the nanoscale. We first discuss the electrochemical nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces and then present new results concerning the electrochemical impedance and charge injection capacities of millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale wires with Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Si, Ti, ITO, IrOx, Ag, and AgCl materials. Using established circuit models for NW-neuron interfaces, we discuss the impact of having multiple NWs interfacing with a single neuron on the amplitude and temporal characteristics of the recorded potentials. We review state of the art advances in nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces, the standard control experiments to investigate their electrophysiological behavior, and present recent high fidelity recordings of intracellular potentials obtained with ultrasharp NWs developed in our laboratory that naturally permeate neuronal cell bodies. Recordings from arrays and individually addressable electrically shorted NWs are presented, and the long-term stability of intracellular recording is discussed and put in the context of established techniques. Finally, a perspective on future research directions and applications is presented.
Drastically enhanced cation incorporation in the epitaxy of oxides due to formation and evaporation of suboxides from elemental sources
Authors: Hoffmann Georg , Cheng Zongzhe , Brandt Oliver , Bierwagen Oliver
Published: November 2021

In the molecular beam epitaxy of oxide films, the cation (Sn, Ga) or dopant (Sn) incorporation does not follow the vapor pressure of the elemental metal sources but is enhanced by several orders of magnitude for low source temperatures. Using line-of-sight quadrupole mass spectrometry, we identify the dominant contribution to the total flux emanating from Sn and Ga sources at these temperatures to be due to the unintentional formation and evaporation of the respective suboxides SnO and Ga2O. We quantitatively describe this phenomenon by using a rate-equation model that takes into account the O2 background pressure, the resulting formation of the suboxides via oxidation of the metal source, and their subsequent thermally activated evaporation. As a result, the total flux composed of the metal and the suboxide fluxes exhibits an S-shaped temperature dependence instead of the expected linear one in an Arrhenius plot, which is in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Our model reveals that the thermally activated regimes at low and high temperatures are almost exclusively due to suboxide and metal evaporation, respectively, joined by an intermediate plateau-like regime in which the flux is limited by the available amount of O2. An important suboxide contribution is expected for all elemental sources whose suboxide exhibits a higher vapor pressure than that of the element, such as B, Ga, In, La, Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Mo, Nb, Ru, Ta, V, and W. This contribution can play a decisive role in the molecular beam epitaxy of oxides, including multicomponent or complex oxides, from elemental sources. Finally, our model predicts suboxide-dominated growth in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of Ga2O3 and In2O3.
Genotypic and seasonal variation in root depth development during establishment of C
Authors: Huot Chanthy , Philp Joshua N. M. , Zhou Yi , Denton Matthew D.
Published: November 2021

Context Perennial forage grass species are often grown with limited water following establishment and rely on accessing water deep in the soil profile to survive. Aim This study aimed to characterise bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) genotypes with rapid vertical root growth associated with post-establishment survival. Methods Twelve bermudagrasses representing genotypes from diverse climate zones in Australia were established in rhizotrons to analyse the stability in genotypic variation in root and shoot growth in winter and summer experiments. Genotypic rank of root length, leaf area, and root dry weight were consistent in both seasons. Key results Bermudagrass genotypes exhibited different traits correlated with root vertical growth rate and inconsistency of genotypic rank of shoot growth. During winter establishment, the rate of root depth development (RRDD) (r = −0.64) was correlated with the proportion of root length that became inactive, that was likely due to seasonal root death in winter conditions; during summer establishment, RRDD was correlated with tiller appearance rate (r = 0.45) and root distribution to 10 cm depth (r = −0.62). Shoot dry weight was correlated with photosynthesis (r = 0.85) and transpiration (r = 0.79) in summer, but not in winter. RRDD (r = 0.75, winter and r = 0.77, summer) was correlated with drought resistance index, previously analysed under field conditions. Conclusions and implications Genotypes from the Mediterranean climates in Australia showed rapid growth of roots and shoots in both seasons and have the greatest potential for broader application for forage production in variable environments.
The K63 deubiquitinase CYLD modulates autism-like behaviors and hippocampal plasticity by regulating autophagy and mTOR signaling
Authors: Colombo Elisa , Horta Guilherme , Roesler Mona K. , Ihbe Natascha , Chhabra Stuti , Radyushkin Konstantin , Di Liberto Giovanni , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Schumann Sven , von Engelhardt Jakob , Merkler Doron , Behl Christian , Mittmann Thomas , Clement Albrecht M. , Waisman Ari , Schmeisser Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Significance

The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD specifically removes Lysine 63 (K63)–linked polyubiquitin chains from several substrates. Although it is highly expressed in the brain, its role in the central nervous system is far from being understood. A thorough behavioral, physiological, and morphological analysis revealed that CYLD-deficient mice exhibit major autism-like behaviors accompanied by deficits in the structure and function of hippocampal synapses. In addition, we show that CYLD is a modulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits, and autophagy in the hippocampus. We thereby introduce CYLD and K63-linked polyubiquitination processes at the synapse as molecular targets for both a better understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder and the development of novel autism therapies.
Through space, relations, and thoughts
Authors: Guerrero-Beltran David Felipe , Wojtylak Katarzyna I.
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to describe the morphosyntax and semantics of postpositions in Karijona, a Cariban language from Northwest Amazonia. The data, collected in the Karijona settlement of Puerto Nare (Colombia), were analyzed according to Basic Linguistic Theory and Cognitive Semantics. Like other Cariban languages, Karijona has a typologically unusual system of postpositions, which can cross-reference person and number, and form complex stems consisting of locative roots and locative suffixes. In terms of their semantics, the system distinguishes among spatial, relational, and ‘mental state’ postpositions. The first type encodes noun classification, orientation, and distance. While the second type has prototypical relational meanings, the third refers to cognitive and emotional states. This paper presents the first systematic description of the Karijona postpositions.
Graph-based prior and forward models for inverse problems on manifolds with boundaries
Authors: Harlim John , Jiang Shixiao W , Kim Hwanwoo , Sanz-Alonso Daniel
Published: November 2021

This paper develops manifold learning techniques for the numerical solution of PDE-constrained Bayesian inverse problems on manifolds with boundaries. We introduce graphical Matérn-type Gaussian field priors that enable flexible modeling near the boundaries, representing boundary values by superposition of harmonic functions with appropriate Dirichlet boundary conditions. We also investigate the graph-based approximation of forward models from PDE parameters to observed quantities. In the construction of graph-based prior and forward models, we leverage the ghost point diffusion map algorithm to approximate second-order elliptic operators with classical boundary conditions. Numerical results validate our graph-based approach and demonstrate the need to design prior covariance models that account for boundary conditions.
Machine-learned dark matter subhalo candidates in the 4FGL-DR2: search for the perturber of the GD-1 stream
Authors: Mirabal Nestor , Bonaca Ana
Published: November 2021

The detection of dark matter subhalos without a stellar component in the Galactic halo remains
a challenge.
We use supervised machine learning to identify high-latitude
gamma-ray sources with dark matter-like spectra
among unassociated gamma-ray sources in the 4FGL-DR2. Out
of 843 4FGL-DR2 unassociated sources at |b| ≥ 10°, we select 73
dark matter subhalo candidates. Of the 69 covered by the Neil Gehrels Swift
Observatory (Swift), 17 show at least one X-ray source within the 95% LAT error ellipse and 52 where we identify
no new sources.
This latest inventory of dark subhalos candidates
allows us to investigate
the possible dark matter substructure responsible for the perturbation
in the GD-1 stellar stream.
In particular, we examine the possibility that the alleged GD-1 dark subhalo
may appear as a 4FGL-DR2 gamma-ray source from dark matter
annihilation into Standard Model particles.
Constraints on heavy decaying dark matter with current gamma-ray measurements
Authors: Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano F.G. , Hajjar Rasmi , Miele Gennaro , Saviano Ninetta
Published: November 2021

Among the several strategies for indirect searches of dark matter, a very promising one is to look for the gamma-rays from decaying dark matter. Here we use the most up-to-date upper bounds on the gamma-ray flux from 105 to 1011 GeV, obtained from CASA-MIA, KASCADE, KASCADE-Grande, Pierre Auger Observatory, Telescope Array and EAS-MSU. We obtain global limits on dark matter lifetime in the range of masses m
DM = [107-1015] GeV. We provide the bounds for a set of decay channels chosen as representatives. The constraints derived here are new and cover a region of the parameter space not yet explored. We compare our results with the projected constraints from future neutrino telescopes, in order to quantify the improvement that will be obtained by the complementary high-energy neutrino searches.
Alloying and magnetic disordering effects on phase stability of Co2
Y Ga (Y = Cr, V, and Ni) alloys: A first-principles study
Authors: Li Chun-Mei , Yang Shun-Jie , Zhou Jin-Ping
Published: November 2021

The alloying and magnetic disordering effects on site occupation, elastic property, and phase stability of Co2
YGa (Y = Cr, V, and Ni) shape memory alloys are systematically investigated using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbitals method. It is shown that with the increasing magnetic disordering degree y, their tetragonal shear elastic constant C′ (i.e., (C
11 – C
12)/2) of the L21 phase decreases whereas the elastic anisotropy A increases, and upon tetragonal distortions the cubic phase gets more and more unstable. Co2CrGa and Co2VGa alloys with y ≥ 0.2 thus can show the martensitic transformation (MT) from L21 to D022 as well as Co2NiGa. In off-stoichiometric alloys, the site preference is controlled by both the alloying and magnetic effects. At the ferromagnetism state, the excessive Ga atoms always tend to take the Y sublattices, whereas the excessive Co atom favor the Y sites when Y = Cr, and the excessive Y atoms prefer the Co sites when Y = Ni. The Ga-deficient Y = V alloys can also occur the MT at the ferromagnetism state by means of Co or V doping, and the MT temperature T
M should increase with their addition. In the corresponding ferromagnetism Y = Cr alloys, nevertheless, with Co or Cr substituting for Ga, the reentrant MT (RMT) from D022 to L21 is promoted and then T
M for the RMT should decrease. The alloying effect on the MT of these alloys is finally well explained by means of the Jahn–Teller effect at the paramagnetic state. At the ferromagnetism state, it may originate from the competition between the austenite and martensite about their strength of the covalent banding between Co and Ga as well as Y and Ga.
Microstructural, magnetic and dielectric performance of rare earth ion (Sm3+)-doped MgCd ferrites
Authors: Wen Dandan , Chen Xia , Luo Dasen , Lu Yi , Chen Yixin , Li Renpu , Cui Wei
Published: November 2021

The combined effects of Sm3+ substitution together with the addition of 3 wt% Bi2O3 endow MgCd ferrites with excellent magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity. Various concentrations of Sm3+ (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.15) were employed to modify the permeability (μ′) and permittivity (ε′) of the MgCd ferrites. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry and vector network analysis techniques were used to characterize the samples. The measurement results reveal that the ferrites processed a saturation magnetization of up to 36.8 emu/g and coercivity of up to 29.2 Oe via the conventional solid-state reaction method. The surface morphology SEM confirms that with increasing Sm3+ concentration, the grain shape changes from a polygon to a circle. Moreover, the dielectric permittivity can reach a value of 23. The excellent properties obtained in Sm3+-substituted Mg ferrites suggest that they could be promising candidates for modern high-frequency antenna substrates or multilayer devices.
Development and evaluation of a low cost 8-electrode Electrical Impedance Tomography system
Authors: Castillo C E , Álvarez A E
Published: November 2021

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging modality that considers the electrical properties of tissues to obtain a conductivity distribution of a region of interest using the level of resistance it presents to the passage of a small electrical current. This work describes the design of an 8-electrode EIT prototype that offers the possibility of changing the excitation parameters and freedom of movement of the demodulation synchrony by means of conventional electronics. The image reconstruction obtained can locate disturbances in the study medium using the adjacent electrode method. A comparison of the voltage measurements acquired on a homogeneous test medium in two different collection cycles was implemented to determine the precision of the system. The data obtained indicate a maximum error percentage of 2.6% between measurements, which represents an acceptable first approach towards the design of a device with greater stability and precision.
Glucose detection of ringer-lactate solution using electrical bioimpedance: preliminary results
Authors: Pedro B G , Bertemes-Filho P
Published: November 2021

Continuous glucose monitoring is essential to reduce the damages caused by diabetes and for choosing the right treatment approach. In most cases, non-invasive glucose measurement devices generate their results through statistical tools (e.g., artificial neural networks) with an error that increases the further away from the training sample the measurement is. An analytical model would contain only propagated errors. Impedance measurements of lactate ringer’s solutions with egg albumin containing different concentrations of sugar were performed to validate the model proposed for measuring glycemia in human blood using the electrical bioimpedance meter AD5933. The curve fitting showed errors lower than 1.5%. Chemical phenomena, such as reduced sugar, fructosamine and solvation, might explain the behaviors observed in the experiments. The results suggest that the relaxation coefficient has significant changes with the increase of sugar in the solutions. The findings encourage future research with bovine blood for a more realistic analytical model.
Fish quality investigations using electrical impedance spectroscopy: preliminary results
Authors: Teixeira L G , Bertemes-Filho P , Keith Cox M.
Published: November 2021

The consumption of seafood has increased over the last 10 years. This article analyses impedance changes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sample measured over 36 hours by using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was also investigated the correlations between variables in order to predictive models to degradation studies. Measurements were collected every 12 hours in order to verify any change due to deterioration. The results show that measurements in both longitudinal and transverse axes are equivalent and that the sample undergoes gradual variations in the impedance. The first set of data collected in the frequency range from 0.1 to 1,000 kHz showed that resistance varied from 310.9 (@ 0.1 kHz) to 86.8 Ω (@1 MHz) and capacitive reactance varied from -8.6 to 11.5 Ω, respectively. The forth set of data showed a decrease of 79.3% (@0.1 kHz) in the resistance part of the impedance, whereas 98.8% in capacitive reactance at 0.1 kHz. These results might suggest that there was a nutritional loss of the sample over time. Further experiments must be done over a long period of time in order to fully understand the process. EIS might be pointed out as a potential technique for fish shelf live quality control.
Dimensionality reduction methods for Impedance Spectroscopy data of biological materials
Authors: Cavalieri R , Bertemes-Filho P
Published: November 2021

Electrical impedance spectroscopy combined with Neural Networks can be a powerful combination to identify biological materials. This paper utilizes a data set containing two biological samples taken from different species and applies the most popular methods of dimensionality reduction. This is done in order to find out which method is able to minimize computational demand and maximize accuracy in the classification test. This paper proposes that the classic PCA method is the fastest and the most accurate under the configurations used.
Fat-free mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Díaz-Sanabria R A , González-Correa C H , Marulanda-Mejía F , Aguilar-Díaz C D , Sepúlveda-Gallego L E , Duque-González L M , Pineda Zuluaga M C
Published: November 2021

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a public health problem because it is a major cause of death in the world. Approximately 25% of patients with moderate disease and 35% with severe disease show a reduced fat-free mass (FFM). Thus, the objective of this study is to define the correlation between fat-free mass index (FFMI), muscle function, respiratory symptoms, number of exacerbations during the last year, and degree of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD. It is a prospective and cross-sectional study. The FFMI was below 32.7% (n=18) and the strength diminished by 56.4% (n=31). In the sample, we found a direct and significant correlation between the FFMI and the FEV1 (predicted %), (p= 0.045). When analysed by sex, men had a direct correlation between FFMI and the FEV1 (predicted %), (p=0.019), an inverse correlation between FFMI and the spirometric classification of the Global Initiative Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) (p=0.008), and between the muscular function and the symptoms (p=0.03). In women, no significant correlation was found. In conclusion, the conditions in mass and muscular function were correlated with clinical variables and pulmonary function in men. We did not find a correlation between corporal composition and the number of exacerbations.
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index cut-offs by bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine Sarcopenia Based on healthy young or old Populations: A Comparative Study
Authors: Villada-Gómez J S , González-Correa C H , Pineda-Zuluaga M C
Published: November 2021

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) is a component in sarcopenia. There is no universal cut-off point and therefore each population should have its own reference values. This study aimed comparing SMMI cut-off points derived from a young population with those obtained directly from an elderly population. 237 older adult community-dwelling older than 60 years were evaluated. The skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). SMMI was calculated as SMM/height squared. The young population consisted of 255 participants from the same locality. The cut-off points from older person for moderate low muscle mass were 6.70 (women) and 9.20 kg/m2 (men). In this case, they were higher than those estimated from the young population (6.42 and 8.40 kg/m2for women and men). A similar trend was obtained when the cut-off points were set below the 20th percentile. When two standard deviations were used to determine the cut-off points, the values for older women were lower (5.90 kg/m2) than those obtained from young adults. There were no differences in the case of men. SMMI reference values from elderly persons is an option to diagnose sarcopenia, however prospective studies are necessary to stablish the capacity to predict functional outcomes.
Prediction of Flexion and Extension Movements of 4 Fingers of the Hand Using a New Labeled Method
Authors: García Torres J A , Ibarra Fuentes A , Morales Sánchez E , Hernández Zavala A
Published: November 2021

This work presents a neural network classifier for identifying the flexion and extension movements for four fingers from the hand, out of the surface electromyography signals in the forearm muscles. A new labeled data method was proposed based on time segmentation to relate the sEMG signal with the corresponding finger movement. This is a different way of labeling the data for training the neural network, a llowing to reduce the amount of training gesture hand. The experiment consists of 10 sessions in which the fingers are flexed randomly, one at a time for 2 minutes with a 16ms sample time. The absolute mean value (MAV) is used as a feature extractor in the time domain to a verage 5 samples a nd the normalized data is used for the neural network. Results show that this system with the labeled data method, provides a 98.83% precision value for the index finger, 93.46% for the ring finger, 80.34% for the middle finger, and 68.46% for the little finger. The results are simila r to those found in the literature where they classify different gestures using the conventional labeling method.
Time-Domain Electrical Impedance Tomography by Numerical Analysis of the Step Response
Authors: David Marcelo , Amran Omer , Simhi Ron , Simini Franco
Published: November 2021

This work describes the theoretical basis of an electrical impedance tomography imaging system based on numerical analysis of the step response. Its novelty relies on the use of time domain for rendering the tomographic images. Following the injection of a Heaviside-step current through two electrodes, the voltage-response is measured on all couple of electrodes according to the neighbouring strategy; this process is repeated on every pair of consecutive electrodes. Based on the measurements, a tomographic image is reconstructed using the Gauss-Newton-Raphson algorithm. We tested the technique by simulating two representative circuits: one symmetrical pseudo-isotropic and one pseudo-anisotropic in AC, while both pseudo-isotropic at DC. The time-domain reconstructed images show the second network’s pseudo-anisotropy while allowing the system to show its tendency to pseudo-isotropy when the time elapses towards DC-steady-state. This novel technique for reconstructing electrical impedance tomographic images may shed new light on sensing slight differences in tissues while being fast and low-cost.