bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATICALLY OPERATING RADARS FOR MONITORING INSECT PEST MIGRATIONS
Authors: Drake Alistair
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Over the last three decades, special‐purpose “entomological” radars have contributed much to the development of our understanding of insect migration, especially of the nocturnal migrations at altitudes of up to ˜ 1 km that are regularly undertaken by many important pest species. One of the limitations of early radar studies, the difficulty of maintaining observations over long periods, has recently been overcome by the development of automated units that operate autonomously and transmit summaries of their observations to a base laboratory over the public telephone network. These relatively low‐cost Insect Monitoring Radars (IMRs) employ a novel “ZLC” configuration that allows high quality data on the migrants' flight parameters and identity to be acquired. Two IMRs are currently operating in the semi‐arid inland of eastern Australia, in a region where populations of migrant moths (Lepidoptera) and Australian plague locusts Chortoicetes terminifera (Orthoptera) commonly originate, and some examples of outputs from one of these units are presented. IMRs are able to provide the data needed to characterize a migration system, i.e. to estimate the probabilities of migration events occurring in particular directions at particular seasons and in response to particular environmental conditions and cues. They also appear capable of fulfilling a “sentinel” role for pest‐management organisations, alerting forecasters to major migration events and thus to the likely new locations of potential target populations. Finally, they may be suitable for a more general ecological monitoring role, perhaps especially for quantifying year‐to‐year variations in biological productivity.
COMPARISON OF ENERGY RESERVES AND UTILIZATION IN LIPOSCELIS BOSTRYCHOPHILA POPULATIONS SELECTED FOR TOLERANCE TO CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Jin‐jun WANG , Zhi‐mo ZHAO , Xin‐ping DENG , Wei DING , Lung‐shu LI
Published: April 2008

Abstract  One population of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (CA selected) was exposed to a controlled atmosphere (CA) (35% CO2+ 1% O2, balance N2) for 30 generations. Another population (control) was reared under natural atmospheric conditions. Reserves of triacylglycerol, polysaccharides and free amino acids were evaluated in adults of the CA selected and the control populations in generations F15 and F30. The utilization rate of triacylglycerol and polysaccharides in the CA exposure were also determined in generation F30. The results indicate that the reserves of triacylglycerol and polysaccharides increased significantly during selection for CA tolerance; the higher the tolerance level, the greater the reserves. A total of 15 free amino acids constituents were detected in both populations. The total amino acid content in the CA selected population was obviously higher than that in the control population. Exposure of this population to a controlled atmosphere was associated with a steady utilization of reserves. In contrast, the unselected population responded to the controlled atmosphere by accelerated utilization of triacylglycerol and polysachharides. Comparison of utilization rates during CA exposure showed that triacylglycerol is the main energy source, and polysaccharides contribute only a small extent to the metabolic energy supply.
A NEW LACEWING FAMILY (NEUROPTERA)FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC OF INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA
Authors: Dond REN
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A new family, Grammolingiidae of fossil lacewings is erected, of which 3 new genera and 6 new species are described and illustrated: Grammolingia boi. gen. nov. et sp. nov., Lithlingia rhra gen. nov. et sp. nov., Litholingia eumopha gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Litholingiu polychotom gen. nov. et sp. nov., Leptolingia jurassica gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Leptolingia tianyiensis gen. noc. et sp. nov. A key to genera within this new family is provided. All specimens described were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The present discovery demonstrates that present knowledge of the Jurassic Neuropetra fauna remains very poor. The fossil specimens are deposited in Yizhou Fossil Museum and Department of Biology, Capital Normal University, respectively.
SYSTEMATICS OF CHINESE SPECIES OF THE ANT GENUS PRISTOMYRMEX MAYR (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Zheng‐hui XU , Zhi‐yini ZHANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper examines the systematic relationships of four Chinese species of Pristomyrmex Mayr, i.e. P. brevispinosus Emery, P. formosae Forel, P, pungens Mayr, P. hamatus sp. nov. A key based on worker caste is provided for the known Chinese species. The new species, P. hamutw sp. nov., collected in the tropical rain forest of southern Yunnan Province is close to P. pungens Mayr, but inner margin of mandible with a distinct tooth, in dorsal view apices of propodeal spines curved inward and hook‐like, in profile view domum of ditrunk roundly convex, petiolar node broad and with dorsum relatively straight. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection, Faculty of Resources, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, yunnan Province, China.
MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE CAT FLEA, CTENOCEPHALIDES FELZS BOUCHE(SIPHONAPTERA:PULICIDAE) AND MALE RESPONSE TO FEMALE EXTRACT ON AN ARTIFICIAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Authors: Bi‐song WE , Fang‐dong ZOU , Qi‐zhi SUN , Jing LI
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The mating behavior of cat flea, Ctenocepholides felis (Bouche) was studied on an artificial feeding device. Male and female can mate repeatedly with same partner or Merent ones. In the situation of male: female ratio of 1:5, each mating lasted an average of 6.6 min, with a mean interval between matings at 2.5 min., compared to 11. 1 min and 12.1 min respectively in a cell with 5 males and 1 female. As many as 48 mating events were observed for one male during an 8 h period. One female mated 27 times in 7 h with 5 males in the same cell. Newly emerged males and females can not mate before blood meal and about 24 h blood feeding is rewuired for successful mating. Newly emerged males can not mate with fed females (fed for 48 h), but fed males can mate with newly emerged females who are feeding the blood. Significantly more male contacts and male‐male mating attempts were observed after the paper treated with female extract was introduced into the cell. The paper contacts and mating attempts were 16.75–32.25 times and 15.75–31.38 times, respectively, on average during a period of 20 min when different doses (FE) of extract were provided.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF COFFEE STEM BORERS, XYLOTRECHUS QUARDRLPES AND ACALOLEPlA CERVZNUS, BY BEAWEHA BASSIANA PREPARATION
Authors: Jia‐ning WEI , Rong‐ping KUANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The use of Beauveria bassiana proparations for control of coffee stem borers, Xylotrechus quardripes Chevr. and Acalolepta cervinus (Hope), as tested in the laboratory and field conditions. The results show that each instar of coffee stem borers could be infected and killed successfully when being inoculated or contacted with B. bassiana. The control efficacy under indoor cultivation conditions exceeded 90% within 15 days. Jamming drilled hole with fungal mud resulted in the accumulative mortality and corrected mortality of > 90% within 20 days. In the field, three methods, jamming drilled holes with bamboo sticker, bamboo sticker with fungal mud, and fungal mud only, were employed, and each led to the control effect of > 90% within 20 days. However, spraying suspensions and dusting powder of B. bassiana ww insignificant. The yield of fresh coffee fruits in biological control area waa 125.7 kg/0.067 ha greater than that of control area when being harvested in February. Compared the cost of microbial control with that of chemical control, B. bassiana proved to be a profitable, effective, and safe biocontrol agent against coffee stem‐borer.
ESTMATION OF REALIZED HERITABILITY OF RESISTANCE TO FENPROPATHRIN, ABAMECTIN, PYRIDABEN AND THEIR MIXTURES IN ACARICIDE‐SELECTED STRAINS OF TETRANYCHUS CINNABARINUS (BOIDUVAL)
Authors: Lin HE , Zhi‐mo ZHAO , Xin‐ping DENG , Jin‐jun WANG , Huai LIU
Published: April 2008

Abstract Threshold trait analysis was used to estimate realized heritability (h2) of resistance to five acaricides (three single acaricide and two mixtures) and resistance risk in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boiduval). Tetranychus cinnabarinus collected from the field of Beibei, Chongqing reared more than 60 generations under pesticide free conditions and considered susceptible. Successively selected for about 30 generations, the strain had a 65.55‐, 5.82‐, 1.23‐, 5.20‐ and 1.42‐fold increase in resistance to fenpropathrin, abamectin, pyridaben, pyridaben‐abamectin (pyridaben: abamectin = 7.4:0.1, m/m) and fenpropathrin‐abamectin (fenpropathrin: abamectin = 8.9:0.1, m/m), respectively. The realized heritability of resistance to fenpropathrin, abamectin, pyridaben, pyridaben‐abamectin (pyridaben: abamectin = 7.4:0.1, m/m) and fenpropathrin‐abamectin (fenpropathrin: abamectin = 8.9:0.1, m/m) is 0.2167, 0.0967, 0.0130, 0.0800 and 0.0172, respectively. Under the selected condition, a 10‐fold increase in resistance would be expected 15 generations for fenpropathrin, 34 generations for abamectin, 333 generations for pyridaben, 42 generations for pyridaben‐abamectin (pyridaben: abamectin = 7.4:0.1, m/m) and 200 generations for fenpropathrin‐abametcin (fenpropathrin: abamectin = 8.9:0.1, m/m). The highest resistance risk of the five acaricides in Tetranychus cinnabarinus was fenpropathrin, then abamection, pyridaben‐abamectin (pyridaben: abamectin = 7.4: 0.1, m/m), fenpropathrin‐ abamectin (fenpropathrin: abamectin = 8.9:0.1, m/m) and that to pyridaben was the lowest. The mixture of pyridaben and abamectin is not useful in delaying development of resistance in the pest to the two single acaricide while the mixture of fenpropathrin and abamectin could do it.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF AMPHINEMURA (PLECOPTERA: NEMOURIDAE) FROM TIBET, CHNA
Authors: Fang ZHU , Ding YANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract Three new species from Tibet are described: Amphinemura yangi, A. lii and A. tibetensis. Their relationships with the relative species are discussed. A key to the species of the genus Amphinemura from Tibet is presented. The types are deposited in the Insect Collection of China Agricultural University.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUSTOCHUS HALIDAY (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: MYMARIDAE) IN CHINA
Authors: Mei XU , Nai‐quan LIN
Published: April 2008

Abstract The genus Eustochus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) is briefly reviewed. A new species, Eustochus triclavatus is described and illustrated. This is the first record of the genus for China. All specimens examined are deposited in the Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A LADYBEETLE COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINNAEUS
Authors: Srivastava Shefali , Omkar
Published: April 2008

Influence of temperature on certain biological attributes of an aphidophagous ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, feeding on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), at five different temperatures, viz. 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C was investigated. Its developmental period was shortest (11.7 ± 0.09 days) at 35°C and longest (20.6 > 0.35 days) at 20°C. Developmental rate increased with increase in temperature. Hatching percent, larval survival, adult emergence and growth index were maximum at 30°C and minimum at 20°C. Oviposition period and fecundity were highest at 30°C and lowest at 20°C. A positive linear relationship exists between temperature and developmental rate and negative correlation between the duration of immature life stages and temperature. The proportion of developmental period allocated to each immature stage was found to be similar at each temperature regime. Thus, 30°C was found as the most suitable for C. septempunctata amongst the five temperatures tested.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE GENUS SHELFORDIA CAMERON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONTOAE: BRACONINAE) IN CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF ONE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Wang Yi‐ping , Chen Xue‐xin , He Jun‐hua
Published: April 2008

The genus Shelfordia is discovered in China for the first time, and one new species of this genus (S. chinensis sp. nov.) is fully described and illustrated in the present paper. The type specimen is deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PASSIVE MIGRATION IN EVOLUTION OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE MOSQUITO CULEX PIPIENS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Zhang Ke , Ye Zhen‐Qing , Cui Feng , Qiao Chuan‐Ling
Published: April 2008

In order to determine the combined effects of migration and gene flow on evolution of insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens, four samples were collected in China, among which two were collected along the railway from Beijing to Guangzhou. Bioassay data showed that the resistance levels of the four populations to dichlorvos were high and to parathion moderate as compared with the susceptible strain and there was no significant difference among the four populations to the same organophosphate (OP) insecticide. Starch electrophoresis was done to identify the frequency of known overproduced esterases and to analyze genetic diversity among various populations by electrophoretic polymorphism of five presumably neutral loci. The results indicated that the gene flow between populations existed and the number of effective migrants (Nm) was related to collection geography (Nm from 1.67 to 40.07). In contrast with lower genetic differentiation between two nearby populations (between GZ and ZS, ZZ and SQ) and higher genetic differentiation between two distant populations (between GZ and ZZ), there was a significant and inconsistent difference in the distribution of resistance alleles, A2‐B2 when explained only with active migration. This divergent situation could be straightened out when considering passive migration (such as railway transport) which increased the spread of A2‐B2 along the railway, i.e., in GZ and ZZ. The resistance alleles, A2‐B2, dispersing to around areas by active migration suffered from the limitation of gene flow and the speed of invasion.
COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF TWO GEOGRAPHICAL POPULATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN COWPEA WEEVIL, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) IN SOUTHWEST CHINA
Authors: Deng Yong‐xue , Wang Jin‐jun , Zhao Zhi‐mo , Liu Huai
Published: April 2008

The differences of bionomics and ecologies of the two populations of Callosobruchus chinensis on mung bean (Vigna radiatus) at six constant temperatures (20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35°C) and 75% r. h. were researched. ANOVA showed that temperature affected the developmental period and fertility significantly (P < 0.05). T‐test indicated there was significant difference of the combined immature stages between the two geographical populations at 25 and 32°C (P < 0.05). The average oviposition between the two geographical populations differed significantly at the same temperature (P < 0.05). At 30°C and 75% r. h., effects of 5 commercially grown legume seeds on development and reproduction of the two geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were researched. The results showed that broad bean and soybean were more suitable for increase for Xichang population in terms of rm values. The adult weight and diameter of emergency hole of the two populations were also compared. According to the differences in the characteristics of development, reproduction, and damage to host seeds between the two geographical populations, conclusion can be drawn that both are different geographical populations.
PURIFICATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF CELLULASE FROM ODONTOTERMES FORMOSANUS (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE)
Authors: Yang Tian‐ci , Mo Jian‐chu , Cheng Jia‐an
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The purification of the cellulase from Odontotermes formosanus workers was achieved by using anion‐exchange column of UNOsphere Q, BioLogic DuoFlow chromatography system. The purified cellulase was identified as an endoglucanase and some of its properties were investigated. The EGase activity was 807.5‐fold as high as the initial enzyme activity using CMC as substrate and 14.4‐fold using salicin as substrate. The enzyme preparations were homogeneous as judged by SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis, molecular weight of which was 80 kDa and confirmed by 2‐DE zymogram analysis. The enzyme was isoelectric at pH 6.4, which was active on CMC substrate.
EXPRESSION OF A BEE‐VENOM PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM APIS CERANA CERANA IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Shen Li‐rong , Cheng Jia‐an , Zhang Chuan‐xi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The venomous phospholipase A2 (AcPLA2) coding reading region of the Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana), which is composed of 405 bp encoding a mature glycosylated peptide with 134 amino residues was transformed into the expression vector pETblue‐1. Then the recombinant vector was introduced into Escherichia coli Tuner (DE3) plac I for expression. Analysis result of SDS‐PAGE showed that the expression products had a protein band of about 15kD. Detection of western blot using ant‐European honeybee (Apis mellifera) phospholipase A2 (AmPLA2) polyclonal serum as the first antibody showed that the expression products appeared a special blot same as the native AmPLA2.The result demonstrated that the AcPLA2 peptide had been expressed in E. coli and the AcPLA2 has the similar antigenicity as the AmPLA2.
CHANGES OF GLYCEROL CONTENT IN DIAPAUSE LARVAE OF THE ORANGE WHEAT BLOSSOM MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GEHIN) IN VARIOUS SEASONS
Authors: Wu Jun‐xiang , Yuan Feng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The glycerol contents in diapause larvae of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin), collected from various seasons, were measured. The results showed that there was less glycerol content in larvae during living on the wheat head. Content of glycerol began to increase significantly when the larvae left the wheat head and entered the soil. A change trend of upper‐ lower‐ upper‐ lower in larvae glycerol contents during diapause in soil was observed from June to April of next year. More glycerol could be examined in larvae collected in summer and winter than in spring and autumn. There was not more glycerol in cocooned larvae than that in non‐cocooned larvae during various seasons from the point of statistics. Comparing the glycerol content of larvae being diapause in the first year with that of larvae in the second year, there was yet no obvious difference when larvae were collected in the same season belonged to different years. Therefore, it is shown that the content of glycerol in larvae of the wheat midge in diapause is affected mainly by the seasons or diapause intensity.
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF RICE STEMBORERS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Rahman Md. Touhidur , Khalequzzaman M.
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The effect of seven constant temperatures from 10 to 40°C (10, 15, 20, 25 30, 35 and 40°C) on the development of eggs, larvae and pupae of rice stemborers viz., Chilo polychrysa (Meyrick), C. suppressalis (Walker), C. partellus (Swinhoe), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), S. innotata (Walker) and Sesamia inferens (Walker) were studied. The mean developmental period among constant temperatures (in days) of egg, larva and pupa of six borers differed significantly (P < 0.0001). The mean percent of development per day of egg, larva and pupa of all borers gradually increased with the increase of constant temperatures. The total developmental period was inversely decreased with the increase of constant temperatures. The lower threshold temperature was found between 10–15°Cand higher threshold temperature between 35–40°C, where no development took place. The mean developmental zero was 8.57±1.71, 7.70±1.01, 8.56±3.25, 10.19±2.19, 8.64±2.68 and 7.91±0.82 for egg, larva and pupa of above‐mentioned borers respectively. The total thermal constant of egg, larva and pupa was 705.56, 725.32, 703.30, 556.59, 655.34 and 837.95 degree‐ days for C. polychrysa, C. suppressalis, C. partellus, S. incertulas, S. innotata and S. inferens respectively. The degree‐ days required for oviposition of female moths of the six borers was calculated as 99.06, 90.85, 99.29, 75.16, 92.25 and 80.41 respectively. The total degree‐ days required completing a generation was 804.62, 816.17, 802.59, 631.75, 648.84 and 918.36 respectively.
SPECIES DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SUCKING LICE IN YUNNAN, CHINA
Authors: Guo Xian‐guo , Qian Ti‐jun , Guo Li‐jun , Wang Jing , Dong Wen‐ge , Zhang Li , Ma Zhi‐min , Li Wei
Published: April 2008

Abstract  On the basis of investigating 9 counties (towns) in Yunnan Province of China, the species diversity and community structure of sucking lice on the body surface of small mammal hosts are studied in the paper. Species richness (S) is used to stand for the species diversity. The calculation of community diversity index and evenness are based on Shannon‐Wiener's method. 2 745 small mammals captured from the investigated sites belong to 10 families, 25 genera and 41 species in 5 orders (Rodentia, Insectivora, Scandentia, Logomorpha and Carnivora) while 18165 individuals of sucking lice collected from the body surface of the small mammal hosts are identified into 4 families, 6 genera and 22 species. The species of sucking lice are much less than the species of their hosts. Most species of small mammals have their fixed sucking lice on their body surface. One species of small mammals usually have few species of sucking lice (1 to 4 species). The close species of the hosts in the taxonomy are found to have the same or similar dominant species of sucking lice on their body surface. The results reveal that the species diversity of sucking lice on small mammals is very low with a very simple community structure. The results also imply there may be a close co‐evolution relationship between the lice and the hosts.
EFFECTS OF APPLICATION PARAMETERS AND ADJUVANTS ON THE FOLIAR SURVIVAL AND PERSISTENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE STEINERNEMA CARPOCAPSAE ALL STRAIN ON CABBAGES
Authors: Jin Yong‐ling , Han Ri‐chou , Cong Bin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Effects of the critical parameters (spray pressure, the distance between a sprayer and the sprayed plant, the concentration of infective juveniles (Us), volumes of the sprayed suspension of IJs, the temperature and humidity combinations) and the addition of various adjuvants on the survival and persistence of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae All strain on leaf surfaces of the Chinese cabbage Brassica pekingensis were determined. The results showed that (1) The pressure of a sprayer had negative influence on the persistence of IJs on the leaf. (2) The numbers of the living IJs collected on the leaf significantly increased with the IJ dosages applied on the leaf when the dosage was over 2 000 IJs per mL. (3) More IJs (from 10.1 IJs/cm2 to 45.5 IJs/cm2) were collected on the leaf when more volumes of IJ suspension (from 3.3 mL to 19.8 mL) were sprayed. However, when the highest volume of IJ suspension was used, the IJ numbers collected did not increase. (4) In general, the survival of the IJs on the leaf decreased with the exposure time. (5) The formulation of IJs by adding xanthan gum, a sticker and detergent surfactant enhanced the survival and persistence of IJs. The number of living IJs on the leaf with 0.3 % of xanthan gum was 150 times higher than that of the IJs with water alone. IJ suspensions with different concentrations of glycerin and with 0.5 % molasses and 0.01 % detergent surfactant showed similar effects.
NOTES ON CARBONARIA SPECIES GROUP OF GENUS FANNIA ROBINEAU‐DESVOIDY (DIPTERA: FANNIIDAE), IN CHINA
Authors: Wang Ming‐fu , Xue Wan‐qi , Su Li‐xin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The present paper deals with the Fannia carbonaria species group (Diptera: Fannidae) in China. Eight species are recorded, 2 of them are described as new to science, i.e. F. antilocera sp. nov. and F. tauricornis sp. nov., and F. imperatoria Nishina 2002 is recorded for the first time in China. Fannia antilocera sp. nov. is most closely related to F. minutipalpis (Stein, 1895), but can be identified by the third antennal segment 2.5 times as long as broad, scutum with brownish‐grey, hind femur with a row of pv setae only at basal half. F. tauricornis sp. nov. is very close to F. capricornis Xue, 1996, but is separated on the third antennal segment 3 times as long as wide, basicosta yellow, legs dark brown, the first sternite with hairs, surstylus without expansion on median dorsal; bacilliform process with 2 short processes. In addition, F. tauricornis sp. nov. is fairly related to F. trigonfera Chillcott, 1961, F. japonica japonica Nishida, 1974, F. japonica amamiensis Nishida, 1975, but sets apart by several distinctive characters: cereal plate with longer arm of outside projection, surstylus without expansion on median dorsal, and bacilliform process with 2 short processes. The paper also reports the characters of the F. carbonaria species group. The group as a whole can be recognized by the hind femur without rows of pv setae at apex, the mid tibia with 2 ad and 2 pd setae and the single strong prealar seta.
A NEW RHEOCRICOTOPUS THIENEMANN & HARNISCHIA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) FROM TAIWAN PROVINCE CHINA
Authors: Wang Xin‐hua , Yan Chun‐cai , Maa Can‐jen
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) taiwanensis sp. n. from Taiwan, China, is described as male imagines. The species is allied to R. (P.) chalybeatus (Edwards) but it is easily separated from the latter in lacking setae in all reins, much lower AR and more pronounced crista dorsalis in gonostylus. The genus is new to Taiwan Province, China. The specimen is deposited at the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.
NOTES ON ANNOSA SPECIES‐GROUP OF HELINA R.‐D. (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN CHINA
Authors: Wang Ming‐fu , Xue Wan‐qi , Zhang Dong
Published: April 2008

Abstract The genus Helina R.‐D., 1830 is the second largest genus in Muscidae. By now, more than 400 species are known in the world and about 200 species have been described in China. This paper outlines earlier studies on the subgenus and species‐group of Helina. Helina annosa species‐group is erected. A key to the known Chinese subgroups and species is given. The 19 known Chinese species is listed, including one new species, i.e. Helina setipostitibia sp. nov. Type specimen of the holotype of the new species is deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University.
DESCRIPTIONS OF LAST INSTAR LARVAE OF THREE ENNOMINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) SPECIES FROM KOREA
Authors: Piao Mei‐hua , Lee Chan‐young , Fang Zhi‐gang
Published: April 2008

Abstract Morphological features of mature larvae of Petelia rivulosa (Butler), Exangerona prattiaria (Leech) and Culcula panterinaria (Bremer & Grey) of Ennominae are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.
A New Look at Developmental Subluxation and Dislocation: Hip Dysplasia in the Dog
Authors: RISER WAYNE H.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— For the past three years the condition of hip dysplasia in dogs has been investigated. Over 200 dogs have been radiographed, dissected and compared both macroscopically and histologically. Both normal and dysplastic pups have been followed from birth to maturity with daily X‐rays and finally the animals were euthanized, dissected, and the tissues sectioned. An analysis of these observations are reported.
Abnormalities and Defects in Pedigree Dogs‐II. Hereditary Aspects of Hip Dysplasia
Authors: HEIN HELEN E.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Investigations have demonstratcd conclusively that hip dysplasia (hereditary acetabular dysplasis. congenital luxation of the hip, hereditary subluxation) in the dog is due to hereditary factors. The exact mode of genetic transmission is not yet cstablished, but observations suggest that: (1) Several genes are involved and, (2) Genetic transmission is most likely to be dominant in character.

Accurate diagnosis of hip dysplasia depends on expert X‐ray examination of the canine pelvis. Uniform interpretation of X‐ray plates is essential in this work to avoid discrepancies which are. liable to occur in the absence of a specified standard for the evaluation of the canine pelvis. I t has been shown conclusively that the incidence of the disease is significantly reduced when puppies are bred from parents in which no evidence of the defect can be detected on radiographic examination.

Résumé— Des études ont démontré de faĉon définitive que les dysplasies de la hanche (dysplasie héréditaire du cotyle, luxation congénitale de la hanche, subluxation héréditaire) chez le chien sont d'étiologie héréditaire. Le mode précis de transmission génétique n'est pas encore établi mais, d'après des observations, il semble que: (1) plusieurs facteurs seraient en cause et, (2) la transmission génétique serait du type dominant.

Le diagnostic précis de dysplasie est basé sur la radiographic pelvienne du chien, effectuée par un spécialiste. L'interprétation uniforme des radiographics est essentielle dans ce cas si L' on veut éviter des contradictions qui peuvent surgir en L'absence de critères fixes d'interprétation en ce qui concerne L' évaluation radiologique pelvienne chez le chien. II a été clairement démontré que L'incidence de la maladie est réduite de façon considérable lorsque les parents des chiots ne présentent aucun signe radiographique de malformation.

Zusammenfassung— Untersuchungen haben den schliissigen Beweis erbracht, dass Dysplasie dir Hüfte (erbliche Dysplasie des Azetabulums, angeborene Luxation der Hüfte, erbliche Subluxation) beim Hund Erbfaktoren zuzuschreiben ist. Die genaue Art der genetischen Übertragung ist noch nicht festgestellt worden, Beobachtungen weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass erstens mehrere Gene im Spiel sind und zweitens, dass die genetische Übertragung höchst wahrscheinlich eine überragende Rolle spielt.

Eine genaue Diagnose der Dysplasie der Hüfte hängt von einer sachkundigen Röntgenunter‐suchung des Hundebeckens ab. Eine einheitliche Auslegung der Röntgenplatten ist bei dieser Arbeit unerlässlich, um Abweichungen zu vermeiden, die beim Fehlen einer spezifischen Norm für die Beurteilung des Hundebeckens auftreten können. Es ist schliissig dargelegt worden, dass die Krank‐heit bedeutend seltener auftritt, wenn Jungtiere von Eltern geworfen werden, bei denen keinerlei Anzeichen dieses Defektes bei einer Röntgenuntersuchung festgestellt werden können.
Abnormalities and Defects in Pedigree Dogs—V. Cryptorchidism
Authors: WILLIS M. B.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The paper reviews the studies on cryptorchidism made on various species of domestic livestock and presents evidence appertaining to the dog. Suggestions that the condition might not be inherited are refuted and the possible mode of inheritance discussed. Methods by which the incidence of the condition may be reduced are put forward and possible lines of research discussed.

Résumé— L'article passe en revue les etudes de cryptorchidie chez diverses espèces domestiques et présente des observations se rapportant au chien. L'hypothése que cette malformation ne serait pas d'origine héréditaire est réfutée et le mode possible de transmission est discuté Des méthodes sont proposées qui réduiraient L'incidence de la malformation, et les possibilityés de recherche sont discutees.

Zusammenfassung— Die Abhandlung berichtet über Untersuchungen von Kryptorchismus an verschiedenen Gattungen von Haustieren und gibt auf den Hund bezügliches Tatsachenmaterial. Behauptungen, dass dieser Zustand evtl. nicht erblich ist, werden widerlegt, und die mögliche Art der Vererbung wird erörtert. Es werden Methoden besprochen, die die Häufigkeit des Anfalls herabsetzen, und weitere Forschungsmöglichkeiten werden untersucht.
Abnormalities and Defects in Pedigree Dogs—VI. The Breeders' Point of View
Authors: FRANKLING ELEANOR M.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The author deals with the adnormalities and defects of structure and function in pedigree dogs brought about by selective breeding for show points and other, mainly genetic, causes. The olution of these problems, as well as the difficulties encountered, are discussed.

Résumé— L'auteur traite des malformations et des défauts de structure et de fonction chez les chiens de race, qui sont dûs à la sélection dans L'élevage qui vise à développer les critères d'exposition, et à d'autres facteurs essentiellement héréditaires. La solution de ces problèmes, ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées sont discutées.

Zusanunenfassung— Der Autor befasst sich mit den Anormalitäten und Struktur‐ und Funktionsfehlern bei hochgezüchteten Hunden, die durch Zuchtwahl für Kürungspunkte und aus anderen, hauptsächlich genetischen Gründen, entstanden sind. Die Lösung dieser Probleme, sowie die dabei auftretenden Schwierigkeiten werden besprochen.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Distemper and Virus Hepatitis*
Authors: BOWDEN R. S. T.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The various laboratory diagnostic techniques available for the diagnosis of canine distemper and canine virus hepatitis (Rubarth's Disease) are tabulated together with the means of application.
The Royal Veterinary University
Authors: BARBER‐LOMAX J. W.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A description is given of a little known proposal in 1875 to alter the name of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons to the Royal Veterinary University. The background to this proposal and its ultimate rejection are documented.
Conditioned Reflexes and Innate Behaviour of the Neonate Dog
Authors: FOX M. W.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The normal behaviour pattern and reflex activity of the neonate puppy is described and observations on primitive reflexes are made on litters from various breeds up to the age of 8 weeks. The relationship between some congenital diseases and the persistence or disappearance of normal primitive reflexes is also discussed.
Dislocation of the Hip in Dogs
Authors: DOBBELAAR M. J.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— When closed reduction of dislocations of the hip in dogs fails, the following surgical procedure may yet produce complete correction of the dislocation. In this procedure, the acetabulum is dissected out carefully and particular attention is paid to maintaining reduction of the dislocation. Reduction is maintained by implanting strong cortical bone grafts at the site at which the head of the femur has slipped over the margin of the acetabulum when dislocation occurred.

These grafts will prevent redislocation of the head of the femur, will in no way interfere with the performance of movements and will dissolve in course of time. When the bone grafts have disappeared, both the joint capsule and the ligamentum teres femoris will have healed completely. The operation is also practicable in field conditions.
The Canine Spine*
Authors: JOSHUA JOAN O.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A general review of the spine of the dog; chondrodystrophic types, intervertebral disc protrusion in cervical and thoraco‐lumbar situations are discussed with a review of the symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, management and treatment.
The Handling and Management of the Chinchilla*
Authors: MAINWARING U.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— In reviewing the management of the chinchilla the construction of cages, breeding units and pelting units are discussed. Some handling procedures are also covered.
The Diagnosis of Cryptorchidism in Young Dogs: a review of the problem
Authors: ASHDOWN R. R.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The testes of the dog descend near the time of birth but little is known about the normal variability of this or about the retractability of the juvenile testis after descent. Therefore, it is difficult to give a firm diagnosis or prognosis when presented with a prepubertal dog in which one or both testes are not in the scrotum. Ectopic testis, displaced testis, anorchidism and monorchidism must also be considered in the diagnosis.
Indications and Complications in Caesarean Section in the Bitch*
Authors: HEATH JOHN S.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The clinical indications, both maternal and foetal, for caesarean section in the bitch are discussed; particular reference is given to uterine inertia. Anaesthesia, after‐care and the complications following the operation are detailed in the light of the author's experiences.
A Self‐Retaining Mask for Closed Circuit Anaesthesia in Small Animals
Authors: HOOD JOHN G.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A mask is described which is suitable for administering volatile anaesthetics to small animals. This mask can be made to fit most small animals by altering the size of the rubber cone.
Uterine Rupture in the Bitch
Authors: BANKS P. N.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— An unusual case of rupture of the uterus in a parturient bitch with retention of the foeti in the abdominal cavity for one month after termination of the normal period of pregnancy.
Canine Artificial Insemination Between England and New Zealand
Authors: HARROP A. E.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— This is a report of canine artificial insemination between London and New Zealand, with the Miniature Poodle as the breed used.

Two samples were flown over, the second of which obtained a conception, one male pup resulting.
Diet in the Treatment of Impaired Kidney Function (“Nephritis”) in Dogs
Authors: BOOTH R. GORDON
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The rationale of dietary treatment of uraemia, arising from impaired kidney function is discussed. A diet containing a strictly limited quantity of very high quality protein is advocated.
Artis Veterinariae Prudens
Authors: BARBER‐LOMAX J. W.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The recent publication of the book From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine, which deals with the plan of Vial de St. Bel, the French veterinarian, for the establishment of a veterinary teaching school in England has stimulated a closer examination of the roots of veterinary education in the British Isles. This book is reviewed and discussed in the light of the information available which led to the establishment of the London (later the Royal) Veterinary College.
Canine allergic contact dermatitis: a clinical review
Authors: GRANT DAVID I. , THODAY KEITH L.
Published: April 2008

The literature relating to allergic contact dermatitis in dogs is reviewed. Common potential allergens, possible immunological mechanisms and clinical signs are discussed. The authors' approach to the diagnosis and management of these cases is presented.
The anterior uveal cyst as an unusual cause of corneal pigmentation in the dog
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C.
Published: April 2008

Cysts which arise from the anterior uveal pigment epithelium often pass through the pupil into the anterior chamber of the eye, and there remain as noticeable but asymptomatic floating structures. Adhesion to the corneal endothelium would appear to be a most unusual occurrence and, in this paper, the sequential appearance of the cornea is described in two such cases.
UhL's anomaly in a cat associated with severe right‐sided cardiac decompensation
Authors: ATWELL R. B.
Published: April 2008

This cat was first presented with a history of vomiting and seizures. Signs of exercise intolerance and right‐sided cardiac failure later developed. Diuretic and cardiac glycoside therapy temporarily improved the condition. When terminal decompensation became apparent (6 months later), euthanasia was suggested. Autopsy revealed a grossly dilated right ventricle with absence of a section of right ventricular myocardium producing a ‘window’ defect in the right ventricular free wall. There was extensive myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration, probably secondary to the congenital hypoplastic defect.
Preliminary investigations into the use of allergy skin testing solutions and desensitizing vaccines in dogs
Authors: EDMONDS M. J.
Published: April 2008

Dogs suffering from chronic pruritus of unknown aetiology are a persistent problem for small animal practitioners. Many cases are classified as ‘allergic’ or ‘atopic’ even though little work has been carried out on the incidence or diagnosis of these conditions in Britain. Skin testing has been attempted but few published reports are available.

Practitioners were supplied with skin testing kits containing a range of allergens to which dogs may be exposed and were asked to test clinical cases of pruritus which they considered might be of allergic aetiology.

Positive reactions were obtained most commonly to house dust and house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) antigens. In several cases the skin test results correlated with the symptoms and case history. Results suggest that in certain cases skin testing may be beneficial in diagnosis, although further immunological experimental work is necessary to evaluate more fully the technique.

Desensitization therapy was attempted in several cases with fairly successful clinical results.
Chronic renal failure in young dogs–possible renal dysplasia
Authors: LUCRE V. M. , KELLY D. F. , DARKER P. G. G. , GASKELL C. J.
Published: April 2008

The clinico‐pathological findings are described in thirteen young dogs with advanced renal disease. All but three dogs were less than 2 years old. Some had signs of renal dysfunction since birth. Presenting signs were variable but anorexia, lethargy and weight loss were most frequent. All dogs had raised blood urea levels and most passed dilute urine; proteinuria and anaemia were variable findings. At necropsy all dogs had extra‐renal lesions of renal failure and finely granular or lobulated, shrunken kidneys. The microscopical appearances of the kidneys were not those of amyloidosis, inflammatory or glomerular disease but were considered likely to be of developmental origin. The renal lesions were divided into three histologically distinct groups.

Predominantly cystic and connective tissue changes, characterized by striking dilatation of glomerular capsular spaces and cortical tubules.

Atypical connective tissue changes in which there were segmental bands of fibrous tissue containing primitive glomerular and tubular structures.

Predominantly glomerular and connective tissue changes, characterized by varying degrees of glomerulosclerosis and widespread calcification of glomeruli, tubules and blood vessels.

All groups had cortical and medullary interstitial fibrosis but minimal inflammatory cell infiltrates.
Measurement of daily water intake in the dog
Authors: ENGLISH P. B. , FILIPPICH L. J.
Published: April 2008

Water intake was measured for 50 days in four Kelpie bitches, housed in a room kept at a temperature of 22–25oC and a relative humidity of 55%. The mean daily water ingested (free and combined water) was 55‐9 ± 3–70 ml/kg body weight while the mean daily intake (free, combined and metabolic water) was estimated to be 72‐9 ± 3–70 ml/kg. The experimental findings are compared with those observed in the dog by other workers and it is emphasized that, in determining daily water ingestion for the differentiation of clinical polydipsia, feed dry matter intake should be correlated with volume of water drunk.
Effects of autogenous cancellous bone on healing of homogenous cortical bone grafts
Authors: BACHER J. D. , SCHMIDT R. E.
Published: April 2008

A comparative clinical and histological study was made of the effects of autogenous cancellous grafts on the rate of healing of homogenous cortical bone grafts in dogs: their right foreleg received homogenous bone grafts and their left foreleg received pre‐drilled homogenous bone grafts filled with autogenous cancellous bone. Histologically, the use of homogenous cortical grafts with pre‐drilled holes and autogenous cancellous bone appeared to accelerate reorganization and development of these grafts. This was seen particularly 1–2 months post‐operatively and at nine months when the graft in the left leg was made up of spongy bone marrow; whereas the right leg graft still contained compact dead bone and the marrow was filled with fibrous tissue.
Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with carbon fibre in the dog
Authors: DENNY H. R. , GOODSHIP A. E.
Published: April 2008

The use of carbon fibre for replacement of ruptured anterior cruciate ligaments is described with reference to twenty dogs. Fourteen breeds were represented and their weights ranged from 10 to 73 kg (average 27 kg.). Most dogs did not take weight on the affected leg until 3–6 weeks after surgery but then limb function gradually improved. The average recovery period was 10 weeks. Regular clinical and radiological examinations were carried out during follow‐up periods ranging from 6 months to 3 years. Fifteen dogs regained full use of the affected leg but lameness persisted in the remaining five. In no case was there a recurrence of joint instability.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog with thoracic neoplasia
Authors: JONES D. R. E. , GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. , McCULLAGH K. G.
Published: April 2008

A case of haemorrhagic diathesis in a dog caused by intravascular coagulation is described. The choice of laboratory tests and treatment in this condition are discussed.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the canine stifle joint
Authors: DENNY H.‐R. , GIBBS CHRISTINE
Published: April 2008

In fourteen dogs with osteochondritis dissecans of the stifle joint the lesion was found in the articular cartilage of the medial condyle of the femur in six and the lateral condyle in eight. Both stifle joints were affected in eight dogs and in two of these, both Wolfhounds, the shoulder joints were also affected. Ten dogs were treated surgically and three by conservative means. The results of treatment are discussed.
The value of a single haematological examination in the diagnosis of disease in the cat
Authors: SUTTON R. H.
Published: April 2008

A single haematological examination, which included plasma fibrinogen and total protein measurement, was performed on 191 cats when first presented with an owner‐suspected abnormality. Apart from anaemia and leucopenia in nine cases of Haemobartonella felis infection and five of panleucopenia, the results with a variety of other disorders were variable. Anaemia was present in a further thirty cats, of which only two showed evidence of remission. Plasma protein values were frequently elevated, an indication that dehydration is common in sick cats.

In addition to changes in total and differential leucocyte counts, seventy‐three of the blood smears examined showed toxic changes, indicative of interference with neutrophil maturation. Most haemograms had one or more abnormal values. In conjunction with other observations and diagnostic aids, a single haematological examination at the time of a cat's presentation can provide valuable information on a disease process.
Foot pad swelling and ulceration in cats: a report of five cases
Authors: GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. , ORR CATHARINE M. , LUCKE VANDA M.
Published: April 2008

Five cases of swelling and ulceration of the foot pads in cats are described. The cause of this syndrome has not been determined but the laboratory and biopsy findings suggest that some underlying immunological process, possibly of an allergic nature, is involved. Although no treatment appears to be universally successful some cases resolve spontaneously but may recur.
Diagnosis and treatment of thallium toxicosis in a dog
Authors: COYLE VALERIE
Published: April 2008

A case of chronic thallium toxicosis in a dog is described. The difficulties in diagnosis in the absence of a history of known ingestion of the agent are discussed and a method of increasing urinary thallium to detectable levels is described.
Taurine deficiency retinopathy in the cat
Authors: BARNETT K. C. , BURGER I. H.
Published: April 2008

The literature on feline central retinal degeneration is reviewed and an experiment reported which investigates whether taurine is essential in cats fed a purified diet. The development of taurine deficiency retinopathy is described and illustrated. The histopathological, ultrastructural and ERG changes are also described. Other retinal degenerations in the cat are discussed.