bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hermite–Jensen–Mercer Type Inequalities for Caputo Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Jinchao , Butt Saad Ihsan , Nasir Jamshed , Wang Zhaobo , Tlili Iskander
Published: March 2020

In this article, certain Hermite–Jensen–Mercer type inequalities are proved via Caputo fractional derivatives. We established some new inequalities involving Caputo fractional derivatives, such as Hermite–Jensen–Mercer type inequalities, for differentiable mapping hn whose derivatives in the absolute values are convex.
Wanting to Forget: Intrusive and Delusional Memories from Critical Illness
Authors: Doig Lauren , Solverson Kevin
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Delusional and fearful memories after critical illness are observed in up to 70% of patients post critical illness. However, they often go unrecognized after patients leave the intensive care unit (ICU). Case Presentation. A 40-year-old male was admitted to the ICU with community-acquired pneumonia and multiorgan failure requiring mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy. He developed protracted delirium and severe ICU-acquired weakness but was eventually discharged home. The patient returned to a follow-up clinic two months post-ICU discharge and revealed that he was suffering anxiety from memories in the ICU of different staff trying to harm and kill him, including being repeatedly suffocated. By providing context to the memories, the patient had significant relief in his anxiety. Conclusions. Intrusive memories contribute to psychological morbidity post critical illness, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and reduced health-related quality of life. The majority of critical illness survivors do not share their intrusive or frightening memories, and therefore, most healthcare professionals are unaware of the problems they can pose. Assessment of patients’ memories from the ICU is essential and may create the opportunity to help patients place memories into context and improve psychological morbidities.
Association between Vaginal Infections and the Types and Viral Loads of Human Papillomavirus: A Clinical Study Based on 4,449 Cases of Gynecologic Outpatients
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xian-hui , Li Mei , Hao Chong-hua , Liang Hong-ping
Published: March 2020

Objective. We here evaluated the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaginal infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods. A total of 4,449 women were enrolled in this study and given gynecological examinations. HPV genotyping and viral load determination were performed using a real-time PCR. Vaginal infections were diagnosed using wet mounts of vaginal secretions, gram-stained vaginal secretion smears, and chemical enzyme kits. Results. In this study, the overall HPV-positive rate was 25.06%, and vaginal infection tended to occur in women with HPV infection (P<0.05). HPV infection tended to occur in BV- and TV-positive women (P<0.05) and not in women with microecological disorders, intermediate type BV, VVC, or coinfection (P>0.05). The most common genotypes were HPV58 and HPV53 in women with normal vaginal microecology and HPV16 and HPV52 in the women suffering from vaginal infection. The viral loads among groups for HPV16 and HPV52 showed no statistically significant differences (P=0.940; P=0.167). Conclusions. Our study revealed that BV and TV are associated with HPV infection, especially high-risk HPV infection, while VVC has no association with HPV infection. Further studies are needed to explore the detailed mechanism.
Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Associated Factors among School Children in Wondo District, Ethiopia
Authors: Ansha Mustafa Geleto , Kuti Kemal Ahmed , Girma Ephrem
Published: March 2020

Background. Human schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by Schistosoma mansoni. Children in the developing countries live in areas with poor sanitation and most often spend time swimming or bathing in the water bodies contaminated with cercariae, the infective stages of schistosomiasis, which results in growth retardation and poor school performance. Thus, having effective control of the disease requires assessment of prevalence and risk factors. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of S. mansoni and its associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Wondo district, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and March 2018. Stool samples from 298 schoolchildren, who were selected by simple random sampling, were examined for the ova of S. mansoni using Kato–Katz technique. Information on sociodemographic factors and other risk factors was obtained using questionnaires. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS 22.0 statistical software and analyzed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with S. mansoni infection. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and the level of significance was declared at p values of less than 0.05. The result was presented using tables, figures, and text form. Result. A total of 298 study participants were involved in this study resulting in a response rate of 96.4% (298/309). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 11.4% (34/298). The prevalence was 8% (12/140) among males while it was 13% (22/158) among females. Swimming in rivers or ponds (AOR: 9.592; 95% CI: 1.972–46.655; P=0.005), latrine availability at household level (AOR: 0.075; 95% CI: 0.13–0.422; P=0.003), and awareness about schistosomiasis (AOR: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.004–0.409; P=0.007) were the factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection at p value < 0.05. Conclusion. The prevalence of S. mansoni was moderate as per the World Health Organization standard, since it was in the range of 10%–50%. This implies that schistosomiasis is still among major health problems. Thus, intensified effort is needed to address risk factors contributing to infection and control disease. Additionally, biannual mass drug administration with praziquantel is required according to the WHO standard.
Maturation of Esophageal Motility and Esophagogastric Junction in Preterm Infants
Authors: Rayyan Maissa , Omari Taher , Naulaers Gunnar , Aerts Raf , Allegaert Karel , Rommel Nathalie
Published: March 2020

Background: Preterm infants commonly present with oral feeding problems. The role of maturation of esophageal bolus transport mechanisms herein remains unclear. Objectives: To characterize esophageal motility and function of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) during deglutitive swallowing in healthy preterm infants and to describe maturational changes. Methods: Four consecutive high-resolution manometry studies with impedance studies were performed weekly to investigate esophageal motility and EGJ function. Esophageal pressure topography and pressure-impedance metrics were derived. Mixed models with repeated measures were used for statistical analysis. Results: We analyzed 137 nutritive swallows from 36 motility studies in 10 preterm infants. The mean gestational age was 30.17 ± 0.94 weeks; the mean postmenstrual age at time point 1 and 4 was 34.42 ± 0.86 and 37.45 ± 1.16 weeks, respectively. Esophageal peristaltic wave patterns in response to nutritive swallows were observed in all patients. At later time points, esophageal body peristalsis became more rapid, evidenced by a faster distal contractile velocity and shorter distal latency (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, 4-s integrated relaxation pressures increased and distal contractile integral decreased at later time points (p = 0.003 and p = 0.021, respectively). Bolus clearance also improved at later age (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Preterm infants demonstrate peristaltic esophageal motility following nutritive swallows. However, alterations in esophageal bolus transport in relation to peristalsis are demonstrated. Peristaltic progression becomes more rapid, while deglutitive relaxation pressures increase with increasing age. These maturational changes may suggest further development of the enteric nervous system after birth in former preterm neonates.
Das Betrachten des Übersetzungsprozesses: primäre Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie in Leipzig
Authors: Leipnitz Luciane , Pickbrenner Minka Beate
Published: March 2020

Während eines Forschungsaufenthalts in Leipzig 2018 wurde eine Studie über die Übersetzungskompetenz von StudentInnen entwickelt. Die Forschung wurde nach den Methoden der PACTE-Gruppe (2003, 2008, 2011B, u.a.) durchgeführt, indem Daten für eine komparative Analyse mit Ergebnissen einer Studie, die in Brasilien entwickelt wurde (LIPARINI CAMPOS, LEIPNITZ 2017; LIPARINI CAMPOS, LEIPNITZ, BRAGA 2017; LIPARINI CAMPOS, BRAGA, LEIPNITZ 2015), erhoben wurden. Die Studie bestand aus der Übersetzung eines kurzen Fachtextes (mit ca. 200 Wörtern) in die Muttersprache. Es wurden Texte aus medizinischen Online-Fachzeitschriften in drei verschiedenen Ausgangssprachen (Deutsch, Englisch und Portugiesisch) ausgewählt. Die 23 TeilnehmerInnen des Experimentes haben den Ausgangstext in ihre Muttersprache (Deutsch, Englisch, Portugiesisch oder Spanisch) übersetzt. Außerdem wurden drei Fragebögen über das Profil der ÜbersetzerInnen, über die Übersetzungskonzeption der ÜbersetzerInnen und über die Übersetzungsprobleme beantwortet. Die verschiedenen Analysemethoden sollen durch Triangulation bewertet werden, um den Übersetzungsprozess der StudentInnen in der Ausbildung zu untersuchen. Die Daten dieser Fallstudie am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) in Leipzig sollen mit den Ergebnissen der Studie in Brasilien kontrastiert werden, um zur Verbesserung der Übersetzungsdidaktik in Übersetzungsstudiengängen beizutragen. In diesem Artikel werden zunächst primäre Ergebnisse der Fallstudie präsentiert und diskutiert.
On Adapting Nuclear Deterrence to Reduce Nuclear Risk
Authors: Roberts Brad
Published: March 2020

Since the end of the Cold War, changes to the practice of nuclear deterrence by the United States have been pursued as part of a comprehensive approach aimed at reducing nuclear risks. These changes have included steps to reduce reliance on nuclear weapons in U.S. defense and deterrence strategies. Looking to the future, the United States can do more, but only if the conditions are right. Policy-makers must avoid steps that have superficial appeal but would actually result in a net increase in nuclear risk. These include steps that make U.S. nuclear deterrence unreliable for the problems for which it remains relevant.
Life beyond Arms Control: Moving toward a Global Regime of Nuclear Restraint & Responsibility
Authors: Tannenwald Nina
Published: March 2020

Today, we are on the verge of a world without nuclear restraint. In the absence of formal arms control, how do we proceed? What broad principles and norms would we want? What measures might nuclear-armed states take, even without formal agreement, that would reduce the risk of nuclear war and control the arms race? I suggest that nuclear-armed states move toward a global regime of nuclear restraint and responsibility. Restraint would primarily take the form of reciprocal commitments and unilateral measures to avoid an arms race and reduce nuclear dangers. Responsibility refers to the fact that nuclear-armed states must pursue limited forms of deterrence and are accountable to the international community. I suggest several steps that governments, with the help of civil society, could take, beginning with the most minimal, declaratory initiatives and unilateral measures, and proceeding to steps that require more action.
Genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) from Laos, with descriptions of five new species
Authors: LIU CHEN , WANG SHUXIA
Published: March 2020

Eight species of the genus Promalactis are recognized from Laos. Among them, five species are described as new: P. unidentalis sp. nov., P. tenuiclavifera sp. nov., P. introflexa sp. nov., P. bolikhamsaiana sp. nov. and P. serrulata sp. nov.; three species are newly recorded for this country: P. carinata Du, Li et Wang, 2011, P. flavidia Kim, 2018 and P. apicuncata Wang, 2018. Images of adults and genitalia of all the new species are provided.
Galerucella (Neogalerucella) anserina Ødegaard & Hanssen, sp. nov., a new species of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from Norway
Authors: ØDEGAARD FRODE , HANSSEN ODDVAR
Published: March 2020

A new chrysomelid beetle, Galerucella anserina Ødegaard & Hanssen, sp. nov., belonging to the Galerucella tenella-group (subgenus Neogalerucella) is described, illustrated and distinguished from similar species within the genus. The type specimens were collected in coastal wetlands in southeastern Norway. The species is associated with Potentilla anserina L. (Rosaceae), and lives sympatrically with the closely related G. tenella (L.).
1945–1956, the Beginning of Modernity
Authors: Matyjaszek Konrad
Published: March 2020

This article is the second part of the introduction to issue 8/19 of Studia Litteraria et Historica. The issue focuses on an anthropological and sociological analysis of the years 1945–1956 in Poland and, to some degree, on a deconstruction of contemporary Polish narratives on Stalinism.
Molecular Interactions Between DNA, Cocaine and Its Metabolites
Authors: Sousa Brunna S. M. , Gonçalves Igor L. P. , Reis Arthur F. V. F. , Neto Abel F. G. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Neto Antonio M. J. C.
Published: March 2020

This present work aims to investigate the physical chemical interactions between cocaine and its metabolites with the human-DNA. The investigation was performed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations, where the following cocaine metabolites were analyzed: Benzoylecgonine,
Cocaethylene, Ester methylecgonine and Norcocaine. From the docking simulations we observed the hydrogen interactions most likely to occur between the drugs and DNA, whereas, through the molecular dynamics, the RMSD values were obtained and analyzed along with van der Waals, electrostatic,
solvation and bind free energies between DNA and cocaine, beside its metabolites. Our results showed that the guanine in the minor groove of DNA is the nucleotide with highest chemical affinity to interact with the cocaine metabolites. On the other hand, the cocaethylene and cocaine were the
drugs which presented the most stable and strong interactions with DNA, which can suggest, from molecular modeling investigations, a possible genotoxic potential of these molecules.
Metal Phosphates: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Evolution for Vapour Phase Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein
Authors: Rao Ginjupalli Srinivasa , Kumar Balla Putra , Hussain Shaik , Bhanuchander Ponnala
Published: March 2020

Metal phosphate (MP; M = Al, Ti, Zr and Nb) catalysts have been examined for the continuous dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and hydroxyacetone. These catalysts are prepared by hydrothermal procedure and the physico-chemical characteristics were probe by XRD, N2 sorption,
FT-IR, UV-DRS, ex-situ Py-FT-IR and TPD-NH3 to gain the insight effect of the samples structural and superficial acidity with changing the metal component. The glycerol dehydration activity will be interpreted with respected to the acidity and skeletal behavior of the MP
catalysts. The outcomes indicated that the NbP was the best catalyst, achieving 100% glycerol conversion, followed by TiP, ZrP and AlP. However, due to its expanded porosity, TiP catalyst proved its long life activity during vapor phase glycerol dehydration.
Analysis of Coverage Hole Problem for Detection and Restoration in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kaur Rashmeet , Gupta Amit , Goyal Rakesh
Published: March 2020

Wireless Sensor Network is an evolving technology which has gained massive attention in the past few years. Researchers are focusing on designing the wireless sensors more and more intelligent and efficient to make our life extremely comfortable and luxurious. Wireless Sensor Networks
are used in bridge monitoring, smart agriculture, health care monitoring, landslide detection, biodiversity mapping, etc. Coverage holes are one of the key problems which occur in the Wireless Sensor Network accidentally and they cannot be neglected. The coverage holes appear in the sensing
field due to poor instalment, node failure, battery depletion, etc. In this paper, detection and restoration method based on Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks and Static Wireless Sensor Networks are discussed. Further, we have analysed the performances of these networks using Unequal Clustering
and Connected Graphand Novel Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol techniques. The simulation results revealed that for Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks, Unequal Clustering and Connected Graph protocol is best suitable and for Static Wireless Sensor Networks, Novel Energy Efficient Clustering
Protocoltechnique will be preferred.
Solving Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations Using Rationalized Haar Functions in the Complex Plane
Authors: Erfanian Majid , Zeidabadi Hamed , Mehri Rohollah
Published: March 2020

In this work, two-dimensional rational Haar wavelet method has been used to solve the twodimensional Volterra integral equations. By using fixed point Banach theorem we achieved the order of convergence and the rate of convergence is O(n(2q)n).
Numerical solutions of three examples are presented by applying a simple and efficient computational algorithm.
Fuzzy Decentralized Controller Design with Internet of Things for Urban Trains
Authors: Rostami Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini , Alimohammadi Vahid
Published: March 2020

Due to the dynamic structure and physical constraints that exist in controlling the urban train system, the physical parameters of the urban train model are constantly changing, and therefore a static controller cannot fully control all of the control objectives to be defined. In this
paper, a new method of using a PID controller based on fuzzy control with considering the uncertainty of the weight of the dynamic model of the system is presented for managing the dynamical model of the urban train. The primary objective of this research work is to provide a structure that
simultaneously, in addition to guaranteeing the stability of the Kharitonov polynomials, the dynamic model of the sample system also automatically adjusts and controls the proposed controller control parameters. In order to introduce model uncertainties into the controller design calculations,
Kharitonov polynomials related to the open loop conversion function are first extracted. Then the feedback loop is constructed with a parallel PID controller, and by rewriting the closed-loop conversion function equations, we obtain the set of all closed-loop system transformation functions,
in which the model's indices are also considered. Subsequently, by examining the stability ranges of all closed-loop functions, the values obtained for the proportional, integral, and derivative parameters of the PID controller are obtained for its robust performance. Finally, a fuzzy-based
structure is proposed for intelligent operation and online adjustment of proposed PID controller coefficients. Further, this research work outlines twolevel Internet of Things (IoT) sensor network that compliments the proposed mathematical model by providing real-time model parameters using
the sensory information.
Advances in Preparation and Application of Supported Nano-Silver Composites
Authors: Xu Yonghang , Zhou Fangya , Zhang Tao , Lin Limiao , Wu Jingshu , Zhang Min , Chen Hong
Published: March 2020

Supported nano-silver composites, famous for large specific surface area, good dispersibility and high catalytic activity, have been widely used in chemistry and chemical engineering, biomedicine and new materials. In this paper, we report recent research progress on supported nano-silver
composites as reviewed from preparation techniques (chemical reduction, physical reduction and in-situ formation), types of supporters (organic and inorganic) and anti-microbial/catalytic activity. Firstly, the principles and merits/demerits of three preparation techniques for silver
nanoparticles are elaborated. Afterwards, preparation, structures and properties of supported nano-silver composites are summarized through different types of supporters, as well as their applications in catalytic reaction, pollutant control and antimicrobial. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated
that silver nanoparticles produced by in-situ formation are more stable and well-distributed, readily meeting the demands for practical applications. Finally, superior supporters for nano-silver composites should be of high specific surface area and good stability, non-expensive, environmentally
friendly and low-toxicity.
Preparation and Properties Study of a Low-Cost Ammonia Carboxylate Concrete Superplasticizer
Authors: Zeng Fankui , Zhang Junce , Wei Xiaoning , Li Baoping
Published: March 2020

Polycarboxylate superplasticizer is the water reducing agent that has the best application prospect in concrete engineering. In this paper, a new type of polycarboxylate superplasticizer is prepared and its properties, such as dispersibility and water-reducing rate in cement particles,
slump degree and slump extension in concrete and gradual loss are tested. The test results reveal that the water-reducing agent solves the problem that the traditional polycarboxylate superplasticizer is too sensitive to the change of dosage and that it has good dispersibility to cement particles.
The optimum dosage is 2.3%–2.9% and the water-reducing rate is 25.6%–33.0%. The test proves that the high-performance water-reducing agent has a good water-reducing effect. The concrete fluidity of mixed with water-reducing agent is significantly improved and the compressive strength
is also improved.
Breakdown of the Linear Relationship between the Southern Hemisphere Hadley Cell Edge and Jet Latitude Changes in the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Kim Seo-Yeon , Son Seok-Woo
Published: March 2020

A poleward displacement of the Hadley cell (HC) edge and the eddy-driven jet latitude has been observed in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the last few decades. This change is further projected to continue in the future, indicating coherent tropical and extratropical zonal-mean circulation changes from the present climate to a warm climate. Here we show that such a systematic change in the zonal-mean circulation change does not hold in a cold climate. By examining the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), preindustrial (PI), and extended concentration pathway 4.5 (ECP4.5) scenarios archived for phase 3 of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), it is shown that while the annual-mean SH HC edge systematically shifts poleward from the LGM scenario to the PI scenario and then to the ECP4.5 scenario the annual-mean SH eddy-driven jet latitude does not. All models show a poleward jet shift from the PI scenario to the ECP4.5 scenario, but over one-half of the models exhibit no trend or even an equatorward jet shift from the LGM scenario to the PI scenario. This decoupling between the HC edge and jet latitude changes is most pronounced in SH winter when the Antarctic surface cooling in the LGM scenario is comparable to or larger than the tropical upper-tropospheric cooling. This result indicates that polar amplification could play a crucial role in driving the decoupling of the tropical and midlatitude zonal-mean circulation in the SH in a cold climate.
Interannual-to-Multidecadal Responses of Antarctic Ice Shelf–Ocean Interaction and Coastal Water Masses during the Twentieth Century and the Early Twenty-First Century to Dynamic and Thermodynamic Forcing
Authors: Kusahara Kazuya
Published: March 2020

Much attention has been paid to ocean–cryosphere interactions over the Southern Ocean. Basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves has been reported to be the primary ablation process for the Antarctic ice sheets. Warm waters on the continental shelf, such as Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), play a critical role in active ice shelf basal melting. However, the temporal evolution and mechanisms of the basal melting and warm water intrusions throughout the twentieth century and the early twenty-first century have not been rigorously examined and are not fully understood. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment of an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model forced with a century-long atmospheric reanalysis for the period 1900–2010. To begin with, we provide an assessment of the atmospheric conditions by comparing with available observation and show biases in warming and stronger westerly trends. Taking into account the limitation, we examine the interannual-to-multidecadal variability in the Antarctic ice shelf basal melting and the role of coastal water masses. A series of numerical experiments demonstrate that wind stress changes over the Southern Ocean drive enhanced poleward heat transport by stronger subpolar gyres and reduce coastal sea ice and cold-water formations, both of which result in an increased ocean heat flux into Antarctic ice shelf cavities. Furthermore, an increase of sea ice–free days leads to enhanced regional AASW contribution to the basal melting. This study demonstrates that changes in Antarctic coastal water masses are key metrics for better understanding of the ocean–cryosphere interaction over the Southern Ocean.
Immunohistochemical Examination of Olfactory Mucosa in Patients with Olfactory Disturbance
Authors: Yamagishi Masuo , Nakamura Hideo , Hasegawa Satoshi , Suzuki Shoji , Nakano Yuichi
Published: March 2020

The olfactory mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry in patients with olfactory disturbance: anosmia due to choanal atresia and chronic sinusitis, early-stage common cold, late-stage common cold, and head trauma. The results indicate that the olfactory mucosa of patients with olfactory disturbance shows specific kinds of immunoreactive patterns and that immunohistochemistry is useful for examining the degree of degeneration of pathologic human olfactory mucosa and for clarification of prognosis.
A Common Family Factor Underlying Language Difficulties and Internalizing Problems: Findings From a Population-Based Sibling Study
Authors: Helland Siri Saugestad , Røysamb Espen , Brandlistuen Ragnhild Eek , Melby-Lervåg Monica , Gustavson Kristin
Published: March 2020

Studies have identified concurrent, longitudinal, and bidirectional associations between language difficulties and internalizing problems. This is commonly explained by social exclusion or withdrawal from peers, but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study uses sibling data to investigate if the comorbidity between language difficulties and internalizing problems is best explained by familial factors shared by siblings, such as genes or family environment, or nonfamilial factors specific to each child, such as peer environment. Data include 5,568 siblings at 5 years and 3,654 siblings at 8 years participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We constructed a latent factor model at 5 and 8 years, including a family comorbidity factor capturing correlations between language and internalizing problems that were equally strong between as within siblings. Results showed that the correlation between one sibling’s internalizing problems and the other sibling’s language problems was mostly accounted for by a family comorbidity factor. The best-fitting longitudinal model included stability of the family comorbidity factor and stability of language and internalizing problems within each sibling and no cross-sibling or cross-trait longitudinal associations. This suggests that the association between language and internalizing problems may be best explained by family factors.
Nicotine Fading and Smokeholding Methods to Smoking Cessation1,2
Authors: Becoña Elisardo , García M. Pilar
Published: March 2020

We tested a multicomponent behavioural package to stop smoking that contained nicotine fading and smokeholding techniques. 73 smokers were randomly assigned to one of five treatment programmes: (1) nicotine fading and cigarette fading, (2) nicotine fading and concurrent smokeholding, (3) nicotine fading and subsequent smokeholding, (4) a nonintensive smokeholding programme, and (5) an intensive smokeholding programme (daily sessions). Common components of the programmes were self-monitoring, information on smoking, stimulus control, CO feedback, and strategies to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Each treatment was carried out during a total of 10 sessions over 4 weeks (Treatments 1–4) or 2 weeks (Treatment 5). End-of-treatment quit rates ranged from 85% to 91%. At 12-mo. follow-up, the most effective package proved to have been nicotine fading and cigarette fading, with an abstinence rate of 57% as against 25 to 37% for the other treatments.
Undergraduate Adjustment to College, Drinking Behavior, and Fraternity Membership1
Authors: Montgomery Robert L. , Haemmerlie Frances M.
Published: March 2020

This study examined the relationship between adjustment to college as measured by Baker and Siryk's 1986 Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, drinking patterns, and various aspects of student life (e.g., fraternity or sorority membership). A total of 114 students participated. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated several significant relationships.
Self-Focus, Other-Focus, and Interpersonal Needs as Correlates of Loneliness
Authors: Green Vanessa A. , Wildermuth Nola L.
Published: March 2020

Residential college students (44 men, 51 women) participated in a questionnaire study to clarify the relationship between loneliness, self- or other-focus, and interpersonal needs. Contrary to predictions, loneliness was unrelated to self-focus, other-focus, or the ability to elicit disclosure from others. However, sex differences were found on interpersonal needs. Specifically, loneliness in men was predicted by a lack of expressed inclusion and a desire for control from others, while loneliness in women was predicted by a lack of expressed affection. These findings suggest that lonely men and women may benefit from different intervention strategies. Outcome studies are needed to ensure that such interventions actually reduce loneliness.
Leadership Skills and Self-Actualization of School-Age Children1
Authors: Karnes Frances A. , Deason David M. , D'Ilio Victor
Published: March 2020

In a correlational study of leadership concepts and skills and self-actualization, 95 school-age students in Grades 6 to 12 completed both the Leadership Skills Inventory and Reflections of Self by Youth. All correlations (.78—.93) were significant ( p<.05).
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination: Relationships with Depression in University Students1
Authors: Saddler C. Douglas , Sacks Laurie A.
Published: March 2020

Depression in university students is associated with numerous problematic outcomes. Unidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination have each independently been related with depression and with one another in university students. Multidimensional perfectionism, consisting of self and social dimensions, and academic procrastination have not been simultaneously examined for their interrelationships with one another and with depression. Measures of multidimensional perfectionism, academic procrastination, and depression were administered to 150 undergraduate and graduate students. Analyses showed that only one dimension of perfectionism was correlated with procrastination, although both perfectionism and procrastination were important in accounting for depression in these students. Findings are discussed as they relate to the treatment of university students for the symptoms of depression.
Further Development of the Public-Private Congruence Technique1
Authors: Ford J. Guthrie , Lawson Judy , Hook Misty
Published: March 2020

This paper reports on the replication and refinement of a technique for assessing the discrepancy between public social behaviors and private interaction proclivities. Generally, we replicated previous findings that this discrepancy predicts concurrent signs of maladjustment. The technique will prove valuable to those interested in the psychology of incongruence.
MMPI-2 Schizophrenia Spectrum Profiles among Schizotypal College Students and College Students who Seek Psychological Treatment
Authors: Poreh Amir , Whitman Douglas
Published: March 2020

The MMPI-2 schizophrenia spectrum profiles of 25 college students with extreme scores on the Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation Scales were compared to those of 27 students who requested psychological treatment at a university psychology clinic. Moldin, Gottesman, and Erlenmeyer-Kimling's 1987 classification strategy for schizophrenia spectrum disorders identified 66% of the students who did not seek psychological treatment and had high scores on the Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation Scales as having an 8–6, 8–9, or a 9–8 MMPI-2 profile. Of the students who requested psychological treatment, 25% produced MMPI-2 schizophrenia spectrum profiles. Of these, 63% produced a 2-7-8 code profile. Additional analyses showed that only some of the students who requested psychological treatment and produced a 2-7-8 MMPI-2 profile exhibited schizotypal features and that this group stayed in therapy longer than students without schizophrenia spectrum profiles. These results suggest that only a subset of the students with high scores on the Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation Scales produce schizophrenia spectrum MMPI-2 profiles and that these profiles are substantially different from those produced by students with high scores on the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale and from schizotypal college students who seek psychological treatment.
Rational Behavior Training Effectiveness for White and Nonwhite Incarcerated Felons
Authors: Sanders Jeannette F. , Orling Robert A. , Brown Ric , Davis Beryl
Published: March 2020

45 incarcerated male felons in a medium-security state correctional institution participated in a Rational Behavior Training treatment outcome study. 58% of the subjects were white, 18% were African-American, 17% were Hispanic, and 7% were classified as other. Subjects were selected from an institutional group-therapy waiting list and randomly assigned to one of four group facilitators. The Novaco Provocation Inventory, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Rational Behavior Training Concepts Test were administered before and after the 10-wk. treatment period. No differences in gain scores (pretest minust posttest) were observed although the slightly greater improvement on the concepts test by subjects of ethnic minority encourages further study.
Role of Biofilms in Post-Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea
Authors: Marom Tal , Habashi Nadeem , Cohen Robert , Tamir Sharon Ovnat
Published: March 2020

Objective:

Nearly half of children who undergo tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion may experience otorrhea following surgery. We sought to review the evidence for the role of bacterial biofilms in post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea (PTTO) and the accumulated experience regarding the preventive measures for biofilm formation/adhesion on TTs.

Methods:

English literature search for relevant MeSH keywords was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing) between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2019. Subsequently, articles were reviewed and included if biofilm was evident in PTTO.

Results:

There is an increased evidence supporting the role of biofilms in PTTO. Studies on TT design and material suggest that nitinol and/or silicone TTs had a lower risk for PTTO and that biofilms appeared in specific areas, such as the perpendicular junction of the T-tubes and the round rims of the Paparella-type tubes. Biofilm-component DNAB-II protein family was present in half of children with PTTO, and targeting this protein may lead to biofilm collapse and serve as a potential strategy for PTTO treatment. Novel approaches for the prevention of biofilm-associated PTTO include changing the inherent tube composition; tube coating with antibiotics, polymers, plant extracts, or other biofilm-resistant materials; impregnation with antimicrobial compounds; and surface alterations by ion-bombardment or surface ionization, which are still under laboratory investigation.

Conclusions:

Currently, there is no type of TT on which bacteria will not adhere. The challenges of treating PTTO indicate the need for further research in optimization of TT design, composition, and coating.
Growing Skull Fracture of Temporal Bone in Adults: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yan Xiao-hong , Qiu Ke , Gao Yan , Ren Jianjun , Cheng Danni , Pang Wendu , Song Yao , Yang Wen , Yu Rong , Zhao Yu
Published: March 2020

Growing skull fracture (GSF) is an uncommon post-traumatic complication, which accounts for approximately 0.05% to 1% of all skull fractures. Delayed diagnosis of GSF in adulthood is rare and often involved with a variety of neurological symptoms. Here, we reported an adult patient, with an interval of 17 years from initial head trauma to first diagnosis of GSF. The patient complained of short periods of fainting and bilateral visual hallucinations, with a hard palpable bulge around his right occipitomastoid suture region. Computed tomographic imaging demonstrated an arachnoid cyst extending into right mastoid cavity. Consequently, the delayed diagnosis of GSF was confirmed, and the patient was managed with duroplasty and cranioplasty. At the 8-month follow-up, the patient showed an uneventful postoperative recovery. A comprehensive literature review was also conducted, and a total of 70 GSF cases were identified and summarized. According to the literature review, patients with GSF generally have a history of head trauma in their childhood, and delayed diagnosis is a common situation. Diagnosis of GSF should include complete retrospective medical history, physical, and imaging examinations. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, cranioplasty accompanied with duroplasty might be the most effective way to relieve symptoms and prevent further damage.
Increasing Gifted Women’s Pursuit of STEM: Possible Role of NYC Selective Specialized Public High Schools
Authors: Sloan Pessy J.
Published: March 2020

This study examines female graduates ( N = 616) from seven honors colleges in the Northeastern United States and the relationship between attending a New York City (NYC) selective specialized public high school and graduating with a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degree from an honors college. A causal-comparative study design was applied. The study found a significant difference ( p < .05) in choice of college major (STEM vs non-STEM) between participants who graduated from a NYC selective specialized public high school and those who graduated from any other high school. These results support a positive relationship for female students between attending a NYC selective specialized public high school and graduating from an honors college with a degree in STEM. The implications of providing an appropriately challenging education for gifted female students are discussed.
Presentation and Outcomes of Elderly Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Surgeries: A National Perspective
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Sullivan Christopher Blake , Schwalje Adam , Walsh Jarrett , Bayon Rodrigo , Tufano Ralph , Kandil Emad
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To examine clinical profile and outcomes of elderly patients (65‐90 years) undergoing head and neck surgeries in the United States.

Study Design

A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

The Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2010 to 2015.

Subjects and Methods

Adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent head and neck surgeries. Analysis included χ2 test and logistic analysis.

Results

A total of 113,602 and 32,580 patients <65 and ≥65 years old, respectively, were included. Patients ≥65 years old were more likely to have multiple comorbidities (62.8% vs 32.6%, P <. 001) and to present with head and neck cancer (19.8% vs 11.4%, P <. 001). The most common comorbidity was diabetes (21.0%). The most common cancer types by site were mouth (29.12%), thyroid (28.08%), and nonmelanoma skin cancer (13.22%). The percentage of geriatric patients who underwent head and neck surgeries increased from 21.8% in 2010 to 25.0% in 2015 (P <. 001). A total of 5450 (16.85%) patients developed postoperative complications, and the most common complications were pulmonary related (10.55%), bleeding (6.96%), acute renal failure (6.01%), and infection (3.97%). Blood transfusion was required in 3.53% of the patients. Readmission prevalence was 0.32%, and mortality risk was twice as likely (odds ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.77‐2.38; P <. 001). Independent risk factors of mortality were older age, multiple comorbidities, type of surgery, blood transfusion, and tracheostomy (P <. 05, each).

Conclusion

Elderly patients currently represent 25% of patients admitted for head and neck surgery. This population should be provided with a different level of care due to a higher risk of complications and mortality.
The Effects of Steroids on Survival of Mouse and Human Tympanic Membrane Fibroblasts
Authors: Karnani David N. , Dirain Carolyn O. , Antonelli Patrick J.
Published: March 2020

Objective

Tympanic membrane (TM) fibroblast cytotoxicity of quinolone ear drops is enhanced by dexamethasone and fluocinolone. Hydrocortisone has not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the effects of these 3 steroids on mouse and human TM fibroblast survival.

Study Design

In vitro.

Setting

Academic laboratory.

Subjects and Methods

Mouse and human TM fibroblasts were exposed to hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, or fluocinolone at concentrations in commercial ear drops (1%, 0.1%, or 0.025%, respectively) and at steroid potency equivalents (1%, 0.033%, or 0.0033%, respectively), or dilute ethanol (control), twice within 24 hours or 4 times within 48 hours for 2 hours each time. Cells were observed with phase‐contrast microscopy until the cytotoxicity assay was performed.

Results

Mouse and human TM fibroblasts treated with any of the steroids had lower survival after 24 and 48 hours compared to control (all P <. 0001). After 24 hours, viability of mouse fibroblasts treated with the steroids was not different (P >. 05), while treatment with hydrocortisone decreased human TM fibroblast viability (P <. 0001). After 48 hours, at concentrations found in ear drops and at equivalent steroid potency, dexamethasone and fluocinolone had similar survival in mouse and human fibroblasts (all P >. 05), but hydrocortisone had lower survival in both mouse (P =. 02 and P <. 0001) and human (P <. 0001) fibroblasts. Phase‐contrast images mirrored the cytotoxicity findings.

Conclusion

Steroids found in commercial ear drops reduce survival of mouse and human TM fibroblasts. Hydrocortisone appears to be more cytotoxic than the more potent steroids, dexamethasone and fluocinolone. These findings should be considered when assessing clinical outcomes of ototopical preparations.
Serologic investigation of influenza A virus infection in dogs in Poland
Authors: Kwasnik Malgorzata , Smreczak Marcin , Rola Jerzy , Urbaniak Kinga , Rozek Wojciech
Published: March 2020

The 2 predominant circulating subtypes of influenza A virus in the dog population, equine-origin H3N8 and avian-origin H3N2, constitute a potential zoonotic risk. We determined the prevalence of influenza A antibodies in 496 dogs in Poland and found 2.21% of sera positive by commercial ELISA. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays indicated 7.25% of sera positive using equine H3N8, swine H3N2, and pandemic H1N1 antigens, with the most frequently detected immune response being to H3N2. Considering interspecies transfer, reassortment ability, and close contact between dogs and humans, infections of dogs with influenza A virus should be monitored.
“Solvitur Ambulando” (It Is Solved by Walking): Learning Business Leadership on the Camino De Santiago
Authors: Deer Shannon , Simpson Nancy
Published: March 2020

Undergraduate students enrolled in a large research university walked 500 miles on the Camino de Santiago (Camino) as a culminating experience of a course designed to foster high-impact learning, specifically learning about themselves as leaders and global citizens. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore undergraduate students’ perspectives about the impact of the experience on their leadership development. The course design incorporated leadership theory and high-impact learning practices to provide students with an innovative and in-depth learning experience unique from a classroom setting. A thematic analysis of student post-Camino metareflections gave insight as to how students perceived their development as leaders and what elements of the experience students perceived to be most impactful. Interpretation of the findings was informed by leadership development literature identifying the metacompetencies and competencies of a leader. Other business schools could incorporate the findings regarding leadership development and the effectiveness of the specific course experience to implement their own programs. We provide recommendations and outline resources other universities would need for structuring similar innovative, high-impact learning experiences designed to enhance students’ leadership competencies.
Working With Paraeducators: Tools and Strategies for Planning, Performance Feedback, and Evaluation
Authors: Yates Peggy A. , Chopra Ritu V. , Sobeck Emily E. , Douglas Sarah N. , Morano Stephanie , Walker Virginia L. , Schulze Rob
Published: March 2020

With continued emphasis on inclusive practices, paraeducators are increasingly relied upon as an integral part of instructional service delivery for students with disabilities. However, research consistently reveals that the effective use of paraeducators depends largely on teacher leadership and supervision. Currently, few teacher preparation programs offer meaningful coursework pertaining to managing paraeducators, leaving teachers unprepared for their supervisory role upon entering the field. Incorporating paraeducators into the instructional planning and delivery process requires that several considerations be made. This column shares several recommendations with teachers for designing, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of lesson plans that incorporate paraeducators in the inclusive setting. A lesson plan template is provided and discussed, and guidance is provided for teaching paraeducators evidence-based practices (EBPs) using behavioral skills training and supporting them in using EBPs during instruction.
Onasemnogene Abeparvovec-xioi: Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Stevens Debra , Claborn Melanie K. , Gildon Brooke L. , Kessler Tiffany L. , Walker Cheri
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To review the efficacy and safety of onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi (Zolgensma) in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Data Sources:

An English-language literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid (1946 to December 2019) was completed using the terms onasemnogene, AVXS-101, and spinal muscular atrophy. Manufacturer prescribing information, article bibliographies, and data from ClinicalTrials.gov were incorporated in the reviewed data.

Study Selection/Data Extraction:

All studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov were incorporated in the reviewed data.

Data Synthesis:

Onasemnogene is the first agent for SMA utilizing gene therapy to directly provide survival motor neuron 1 ( SMN1) gene to produce SMN protein. Four publications of 1 clinical trial, 1 comparison study of treatment effects, and 1 combination therapy case series have been published.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Onasemnogene is a one time dose approved by the Food and Drug Administration for SMA patients <2 years old who possess mutations in both copies of the SMN1 gene.

Conclusion:

Onasemnogene appears to be an efficacious therapy for younger pediatric patients with SMA type 1. Concerns include drug cost and potential liver toxicity. Long-term benefits and risks have not been determined.