bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Susceptibility to Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) in Hsp90 and Sgt1 Silenced Plants: Insights from Gene Expression Dynamics
Authors: Ontiveros Irene , Fernández-Pozo Noé , Esteve-Codina Anna , López-Moya Juan José , Díaz-Pendón Juan Antonio
Published: November 2023

The emerging whitefly-transmitted crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes substantial economic losses by inducing yellow leaf disorder in tomato crops. This study explores potential resistance mechanisms by examining early-stage molecular responses to ToCV. A time-course transcriptome analysis compared naïve, mock and ToCV-infected plants at 2, 7, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Gene expression changes were most notable at 2 and 14 dpi, likely corresponding to whitefly feeding and viral infection. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed key genes and pathways associated with ToCV infection, including those related to plant immunity, flavonoids and steroids biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and hormone signalling. Additionally, virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsRNAs) originating from ToCV predominantly came from RNA2 and were 22 nucleotides in lengt. To confirm these findings, two genes involved in plant immunity, Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) and its co-chaperone Sgt1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of Skp1) were targeted through viral-induced gene silencing (VIGS), showing potential contribution to basal resistance against viral infections since their reduction correlated with increased ToCV accumulation. This study provides insights into tomato plants responses to ToCV, with potential implications for developing effective disease control strategies.
Effect of the Light Environment on Image-Based SPAD Value Prediction of Radish Leaves
Authors: Kamiwaki Yuto , Fukuda Shinji
Published: November 2023

This study aims to clarify the influence of photographic environments under different light sources on image-based SPAD value prediction. Radish leaf patches of 1.5 cm diameter were photographed under halogen or LED light. The input variables for the SPAD value prediction using random forests were RGB values, HSL values, and HSV values. Additionally, the light color temperature (LCT) and illuminance (ILL) were used as the input variables. Model performance was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (COR), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). SPAD value prediction resulted in high accuracy in a stable light environment; CORRGB+ILL+LCT and CORHSL+ILL+LCT were 0.929 and 0.922, respectively. Image-based SPAD value prediction was effective under halogen light with a similar color temperature at dusk; CORRGB+ILL and CORHSL+ILL were 0.895 and 0.876, respectively. The HSL value under LED could be used to predict the SPAD value with high accuracy; COR, NSE, and RMSE were 0.972, 0.944, and 2.07, respectively. The partial dependence plots of the H value indicate a change from blue to green with increasing SPAD values. Further studies are required to examine this method under outdoor conditions in spatiotemporally dynamic light environments.
Angiographic Evaluation of the Feeding Artery for Skull Base Meningioma
Authors: Arima Hironori , Watanabe Yusuke , Tanoue Yuta , Morisako Hiroki , Kawakami Taichiro , Ichinose Tsutomu , Goto Takeo
Published: November 2023

Understanding tumor attachments and management of feeding arteries are very important factors to achieve safe resection of skull base meningioma. We examined the distributions and frequencies of feeding arteries in skull base meningioma by cerebral angiography, and also assessed relationships to tumor attachment for skull base meningioma. We enrolled patients with skull base meningioma who underwent MRI and cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA), from September 2015 to October 2022. Subjects comprised 115 patients (32 males, 83 females; mean age, 52.7 years) with 117 meningiomas showing tumor attachments around the “cavernous sinus to upper part of the clivus” (Area 1), “lower part of the clivus to foramen magnum” (Area 2), and “tentorium around the petrous bone” (Area 3). We examined feeding arteries based on cerebral angiography and counted the number of related feeding arteries. Particularly frequent arteries, such as the dorsal meningeal artery (DMA), ascending pharyngeal artery (APA), tentorial artery (TA), and petrosal branch (PB) of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) were analyzed for associations of tumor attachment to Areas 1–3. DMA, APA, TA, and PB are very frequent feeding arteries among skull base meningiomas. In some cases, the artery of the foramen rotundum, posterior ethmoidal artery, recurrent meningeal artery, posterior meningeal artery, etc., supply blood to the skull base meningioma. Meningiomas with DMA as a feeding artery correlated strongly with tumor attachment to Area 1 (p<0.001). Meningiomas with APA correlated strongly with tumor attachment to Area 2 (p<0.001). Meningiomas with TA correlated strongly with tumor attachment to Area 3 (p<0.001). PB correlated with Area 3 (p<0.05). Visualization of these arteries suggests tumor attachments to the correlated areas. An accurate anatomical understanding of tumor attachment and feeding arteries is essential to determine appropriate surgical strategies for skull base meningioma. Pre-operative DSA can provide further understanding of the feeding arteries and attachments of skull base meningioma.
Polarity of Organic Solvent/Water Mixtures Measured with Reichardt’s B30 and Related Solvatochromic Probes – a Critical Review
Authors: Spange Stefan
Published: November 2023

The UV/Vis absorption energies (νmax) of different solvatochromic probes measured in co-solvent/water mixtures are analysed as a function of the average molar concentration (Nav) of the solvent composition. Nav is discussed in terms of the underlying average molar mass (mol average or mass average) of the mixture. ET(30) of Reichardt`s dye B30 is the focus of the analysis. Methanol, ethanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, formamide, N-methylformamide (NMF), dimethylformamide (DMF), N-formylmorpholine (NFM), 1,4-dioxane and DMSO were used as co-solvents. Significant linear dependencies of ET(30) as a function of Nav can be demonstrated for formamide/water, 1,2-ethanediol/water, NMF/water and DMSO/water mixtures over the whole composition range. These mixtures belong to the group of solvents that do not enhance the water structure according to the Marcus classification. The specifics of the 1,4-dioxane/water mixtures are discussed. For alcohol/water mixtures with enhanced water structure, the influence of the solvent microstructure on ET(30) is particularly evident.
A Cross-modal Retrieval Method for Image, Audio and Video Based on OpenKylin
Authors: Zhang Jin , Xie Xin , Liu Xiao dong , Yu Jie , Peng Long , Wang Wen zhu , Zhang Peng fei , Lan Yu , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2023

The need for cross-modal retrieval (CMR) among users is growing because of the swift advancements in computer vision and natural language processing. Promoting home operating systems is greatly aided by the openKylin home operating system. It is focused on enhancing the functionality of the operating system with safe and dependable operating technologies. Practical implications abound for integrating computer vision research into home operating systems. A multimodal retrieval approach based on OpenKylin is presented to improve the usability of text search graphs, audio, and video. The overview of pertinent domestic and international research is the main topic of this article. This technological advancement. It then offers details on the design, implementation procedure, and final implementation outcomes for demonstration. The works of natural operations show that this strategy has excellent accuracy and performance.
Determination of Peak Oxygen Uptake in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Arterial Stiffness in the Cardio-Vascular-Skeletal Muscle Coupling
Authors: Ogawa Akihiro , Kanzaki Shinya , Ikeda Yuki , Iwakawa Masahiro , Nakagami Takahiro , Sato Shuji , Mikamo Hiroshi , Kido Satoshi , Nakajima Arata , Shimizu Kazuhiro
Published: November 2023

The relationship between arterial stiffness and oxygen uptake (VO2) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship and factors contributing to VO2 in patients with AMI. The role of arterial stiffness in cardiac-skeletal muscle coupling during exercise was then elucidated. The exercise capacity via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and body composition of 101 patients with AMI were measured at discharge. Patients were categorized based on their CAVI into three groups: (i) normal (CAVI: ≤7.9), (ii) borderline (CAVI: 8.0–8.9), and (iii) abnormal (CAVI: ≥9.0). Subsequently, VO2 was compared among these groups. The relationship between the CAVI and peak VO2 (VO2 Peak) during CPX and factors contributing to VO2 Peak were investigated. The abnormal CAVI group had a significantly lower VO2 Peak than the normal and borderline groups. The CAVI was associated with VO2 Peak in patients with AMI. Furthermore, the CAVI was found to be a factor contributing to VO2 Peak. These findings suggest that arterial stiffness in tissue blood distribution and blood supply defines systemic exercise limits in patients with AMI. This suggested that arterial stiffness plays a significant role in cardio-vascular-skeletal muscle coupling.
Simultaneous Improvement of the Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Epoxidase Lsd18 for the Synthesis of Lasalocid A
Authors: Ning Liu , Hongli Xiao , Yongjian Zang , Longji Zhou , Jun Mencius , Zhiwei Yang , Shu Quan , Xi Chen
Published: November 2023

Enzymes used in the synthesis of natural products are potent catalysts, capable of efficient and stereoselective chemical transformations. Lsd18 catalyzes two sequential epoxidations during the biosynthesis of lasalocid A, a polyether polyketide natural product. We performed protein engineering on Lsd18 to improve its thermostability and catalytic activity. Utilizing structure-guided methods of FoldX and Rosetta-ddG, we designed 15 mutants of Lsd18. Screening of these mutants using thermal shift assay identified stabilized variants Lsd18-T189M, Lsd18-S195M, and the double mutant Lsd18-T189M-S195M. Trypsin digestion, molecular dynamic simulation, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography provided insights into the molecular basis for the improved enzyme properties. Notably, enhanced hydrophobic interaction within the enzyme core and interaction of the protein with the FAD cofactor appear to be responsible for better thermostability.
Advances in Hair Growth: Beneficial Effects of a New Product Formulated with Amplex plus Technology on Hair Follicles Regeneration
Authors: Ferruggia Greta , Contino Martina , Zimbone Massimo , Brundo Maria Violetta
Published: November 2023

Normally, people lose between 50 and 100 hairs a day and generate new ones from the stem cells of hair follicles, but in people suffering from baldness, the condition called alopecia or androgenetic alopecia, the stem cells remain inactive and are unable to regenerate new hair. The stages of hair growth have been studied to better understand how hair grows and what might be done to prevent or treat premature hair loss. Anagen is referred to as the active phase of hair growth in which the hair shaft is produced by the hair follicle, whereas during catagen and telogen phases the lower part of hair follicle regresses until its growth stops. Although 9% of hair follicles remain in telogen at any one time, a variety of factors including growth factors and cytokines promote the transition from telogen to anagen and the subsequent stimulation of hair growth. In this work, we discuss a new possible treatment, AMPLEX PLUS that could help significantly slow hair loss and encourage new hair growth.
Obesity is Associated with a Dysregulated Gingival Inflammatory Cytokine Response
Authors: Khocht Ahmed , Bellinger Denise , Lenoir Leticia , Irani Crissy , Fraser Gary
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Obesity-related elevated body mass index (BMI) across life is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood. CRP is a marker and promoter of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of obesity on the relationship between peripheral and gingival CRP levels and examine the effects of gingival CRP levels on gingival fluid inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis resistant obese individuals. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine, periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled. Based on BMI scores, 20 subjects were categorized as lean and 19 as obese. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood samples were collected. Both GCF and blood samples were assessed for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and CRP. Results: GCF CRP levels were significantly higher in obese than lean individuals. No statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups in both GCF and blood on any of the inflammatory cytokine levels. IL-17A was not detected in GCF of most subjects in both groups. GCF CRP levels were positively associated with blood CRP levels, the association tended to be stronger in obese individuals. GCF CRP showed no associations with GCF IL-10 in both groups. Although GCF CRP levels positively associated with multiple GCF inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in all subjects, the associations tended to be weaker in obese individuals (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). Furthermore, the levels of GCF inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were depressed in obese individuals. Conclusions: Obesity unfavorably influences the relationship between blood and GCF CRP levels and promotes increased CRP levels in GCF. Collectively, the findings suggest a dysregulated inflammatory cytokine response in the gingival tissues of obese individuals.
Exploring How Consumers' Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Impact Dining Intentions in Times of Crisis: An Application of the Theory of Perceived Risk
Authors: Noh Yooin , Liu Pei
Published: November 2023

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives have gained increased significance within the restaurant industry during the pandemic, there is a lack of understanding of how customers’ perceived risks influence their dining intentions for effective crisis response. This study investigates the relationship between perceived CSR, restaurant image, and dining intentions during the crisis. In addition, the study examines three types of perceived risks (quality, health, and environmental) associated with restaurants and their influence on perceived CSR, restaurant image, and dining intentions during this period. The results demonstrate that perceived CSR positively impacts a restaurant’s image and concurrently reduces perceived risks among consumers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, perceived health risks have a negative influence on customers’ dining intentions. This study offers valuable insights into the theoretical foundations and managerial implications of CSR’s effects and risk management, particularly in the context of future pandemics within the restaurant industry.
Lung Involvement in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Interlink between Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Lung Function
Authors: Ragnoli Beatrice , Cena Tiziana , Pochetti Patrizia , Pignatti Patrizia , Malerba And Mario
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by immune system dysregulation with frequent extraintestinal manifestations, including airways involvement. Reduction in CO diffusing capacity and functional alterations in small airways have been described. The extended analysis of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), may distinguish the sites of production and the presence of small airways inflammation being a useful, non-invasive marker for these patient’s follow up. The aim of our study was to compare PFTs, FeNO and CANO values of UC patients with different clinical disease activity and healthy subjects to reveal lung function abnormalities and the presence of subclinical airway inflammation. (2) Methods: We enrolled 42 adult outpatients with different clinical activity stages of UC (mean age 39±13 years) and a healthy control group of 41 subjects (mean age 29±3 years). C-reactive protein (CRP) and FeNO values at different flows (50,100 and 200 ml/sec) were collected. All patients performed pulmonary function tests (PFT’s) with static volumes and diffusing capacity (DLCO). (3) Results: FENO, CANO and CRP values were significantly increased in UC patients when compared with controls (p=0.02 and p<0.0001, respectively) and proportionally to the disease activity (FeNO class 3: 27.1 ppb vs class 1-2: 6.2 ppb; CANO values class 3: 8.1 ppb vs class 1-2: 2.0 ppb (p < 0.0001). TLC and DLCO were significantly reduced in UC patients compared to controls (p=0.011 and p<0.0001, respectively). (4) The results of this study show significant lung functional abnormalities in UC patients and suggest the presence of airway inflammation directly correlated with the disease activity suggesting an integrated approach in routine assessment.
Atherosclerosis Progression and COVID 19: The Role of Tromboinflammation
Authors: Nappi Francesco
Published: November 2023

The interplay between thrombosis and inflammation, known as thromboinflammation, is a significant pathway driving cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, as well as COVID-19. Key modulators of this process have emerged as innate immune cells. Strategically positioned to promote thromboinflammation are neutrophils, the most predominant white blood cells in humans. Neutrophils can trigger an organized cell death pathway by releasing decondensed chromatin structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps. These structures are decorated with histones, cytoplasmic, and granular proteins, and have cytotoxic, immunogenic, and prothrombotic effects, which can accelerate disease progression. The activities of PAD4, which catalyses the citrullination of histones, and the neutrophil inflammasome are required for distinct steps leading to extracellular DNA release (NETosis). PAD4 activity has important implications for understanding the processes that drive thromboinflammation by linking the immunological function of neutrophils with the procoagulant and proinflammatory activities of monocytes and platelets. We will discuss how vascular blockages in thromboinflammation occur due to the interaction between neutrophil extracellular traps and ultra-large VWF (von Willebrand Factor). PAD4 activity has important implications for understanding the processes that drive thromboinflammation by linking the immunological function of neutrophils with the procoagulant and proinflammatory activities of monocytes and platelets. It will also review the mechanisms whereby vaso-occlusive events in thrombo-inflammation depend on the interaction of neutrophil extracellular traps with von Willebrand factor and suggest the importance of PAD4 in neutrophil inflammasome assembly and neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombo-inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and CVD.
Mass Spectrometry Rearrangement Ions and Metabolic Pathways-Based Discovery of Indole Derivatives during the Aging Process in Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’
Authors: Li Tian , Chen Ke , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Ying , Su Yue , Guo Yinlong
Published: November 2023

Rapid analysis and characterization of compounds by mass spectrometry may overlook trace compounds, although targeted analysis methods can significantly improve detection sensitivity, it is difficult to discover novel scaffold compounds. This study developed a strategy for discovering trace compounds in the aging process of traditional Chinese medicine based on MS fragmentation and known metabolic pathway. Specifically, we found that the characteristic component of C. reticulata 'Chachi', methyl N-methylanthranilate (MMA), fragmented in ESI-CID to produce rearrangement ion 3-hydroxyindole, which has been proven to exist in trace amounts in C. reticulata 'Chachi' comparing with the reference substance by LC-MS/MS. By combining the known metabolic pathways of 3-hydroxyindole and the possible methylation reactions that may occur during aging, 10 possible indole derivatives were untargeted predicted. These compounds were confirmed to originate from MMA by purchasing or synthesizing reference substances and all of them were detected in C. reticulata 'Chachi' through LC-MS/MS analysis, achieving trace compound analysis from untargeted to targeted. It may contribute to explain the aging mechanism of C. reticulata 'Chachi' and the strategy of CID-induced special rearrangement ion binding metabolic pathway has potential application value in discovering trace compounds.
Agro-Morphological Traits and Molecular Diversity of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Affected by the Various Colchicine Treatments
Authors: Zeinullina Aiym , Zargar Meisam , Dyussibayeva Elmira , Orazov Aidyn , Zhirnova Irina , Yessenbekova Gulzat , Zotova Lyudmila , Rysbekova Aiman , Hu Yin-Gang
Published: November 2023

. Colchicine (C22H25NO6) is a substance used for inducing mutations in order to regulate important agronomic traits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0.0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1%) and treatment time (6, 12 and 24 h) of colchicine on agronomic traits of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and to assess the genetic diversity of M2 generations using inter simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). The experiment was conducted in 2021 for the M1-generation and in 2022 for the M2-generation, from May to September. The percentage of the field germination was decreased with the increasing colchicine concentration and exposure duration. The chlorophyll-defective M1-M2 plants were obtained using various concentrations and exposure periods of colchicine. The highest amount of mutational modifications was attained at 0.08-0.1% concentrations colchicine. A total of 248 plant families with chlorophyll-defective mutations based on the research results were selected from 2214 families. The growing season of M1- and M2 plants were diminished under higher colchicine concentration (0.08-0.1%) combined with soaking time. Thus, the highest indicator of growing season (84 days) was observed at six h treatment time for PI 289324, while the fewest (78 days) was recorded at 12 and 24 h. The possibility of obtaining morphological mutations using colchicine has been confirmed. The ISSR primers amplified a total of 1333 fragments, 1281 bands were found to be polymorphic and 52 bands monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism varied from 80 to 100 % with an average of 96.11%. Our results showed that most of the bands were found at 0.08% colchicine concentration. These positive variations are a great opportunity to use colchicine as a tool for improving agronomic traits in plant breeding.
The Impact of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Epigenetics on Aging and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lozupone Madia , Dibello Vittorio , Sardone Rodolfo , Castellana Fabio , Zupo Roberta , Lampignano Luisa , Bortone Ilaria , Daniele Antonio , Bellomo Antonello , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Panza Francesco
Published: November 2023

Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) derives from an interplay among environmental factors and genetic variants, while epigenetic modifications have been expected to affect the onset and progression of its complex etiopathology. Heterozygous carriers of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE)4 allele have a 4-fold increased risk of developing AD, while APOE 4/4-carriers have a 12-fold increased risk in comparison with the APOE 3-carriers. The main longevity factor is the homozygous APOE ε3/ε3 genotype. In the present narrative review article, we summarized and described the role of APOE epigenetics in aging and AD pathophysiology. It is not fully understood how APOE variants may increase or decrease AD risk, but this gene is known to affect amyloid- and tau-mediated neurodegeneration directly or indirectly, also by affecting lipid metabolism and inflammation. For sporadic AD, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may control and influence APOE expression in response to external insults. Diet, a major environmental factor, has been significant associated with physical exercise, cognitive function, and the methylation level of several cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides sites of APOE.
Simple One−pot Synthesis of hexakis(2-Alkoxyl-1,5-Phenyleneimine) Macrocycles by Precipitation−driven Cyclization
Authors: Matsumoto Toshihiko
Published: November 2023

Hexakis(2-alkoxy-1,5-phenyleneimine) macrocycles were synthesized using a simple one−pot procedure through by precipitation−driven cyclization. The acetal−protected AB−type monomers, 2-alkoxy-5-aminobenzaldehyde diethyl acetals, underwent polycondensation in water or acid−containing tetrahydrofuran. The precipitation−driven cyclization based on imine dynamic covalent chemistry and π−stacked columnar aggregation played a decisive role in the one−pot synthesis. The progress of the reaction was analyzed by MALDI−TOF mass spectrometry. The macrocycles with alkoxy chains were soluble in specific organic solvents such as chloroform, allowing their structures to be analyzed by NMR. The shape−anisotropic, nearly planar, and persistent macrocycles aggregated into columnar assemblies in polymerization solvents, driven by aromatic π−stacking. The octyloxylated macrocycle OcO−Cm6 exhibited an enantiotropic columnar liquid crystal−like mesophase between 165°C and 197°C. In the SEM image of (S)-(−)-3,7-dimethyloctyloxylated macrocycle (−)BCO-Cm6, columnar substances with a diameter of 100−200 nm were observed. The polymerization solution for 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxylated macrocycle (TEGO−Cm6) gelled and showed thixotropic properties by forming a hydrogen bond network.
How Can Blue Economy Contribute to Inclusive Growth and Ecosystem Resources in Asia? A Comparative analysis of Economic, Environmental, and Social Indicators Among 19 Asian Cooperation Dialogue Members
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Aamir , Ali Qamar
Published: November 2023

This study investigates how a range of economic, environmental, and social indicators have influenced the concept of inclusive growth in 19 member countries of the Asian Cooperation Dialogue over the period spanning from 1995 to 2021. To analyze these relationships, the research employs the Driscoll Kraay's Standard Errors regression technique, designed to account for factors such as cross-sectional dependence, hetero-scedasticity, and autocorrelation within the data. Furthermore, various preliminary tests were conducted to assess the data for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. Additionally, the Westerlund cointegration test was employed to evaluate the potential long-term equilibrium relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable, which in this case is the level of inclusive growth (ING), differs significantly among three distinct income categories: lower-middle-income countries (LMYCs), upper-middle-income countries (UMYCs), and high-income countries (HYCs). Notably, the results underscore the overall statistical significance and robust fit of the regression model for all three income groups. One of the primary contribu-tions of this research is the provision of empirical evidence concerning the role played by fishery and aquaculture production in fostering inclu-sive growth in the Asian context. This research also highlights the trade-offs between economic development and environmental sustainability in terms of trade openness, agriculture, forestry and fishing, ecological footprint, and renewable energy utilization. Enhancing inclusive growth in Asia requires improving fishery and aquaculture management, diversifying economic activities, reducing ecological footprint, and increasing renewable energy utilization. The paper suggests some future work directions for extending the analysis to other regions and indicators, as well as incorporating dynamic panel data models and causality tests. The paper also suggests some policy implications for fostering inclusive growth in Asia through regional cooperation, capacity building, technology transfer and green financing.
Exploring Elaeagnus Angustifolia: A Comprehensive Review of its Potential in Cancer Treatment and Management
Authors: Zakaria Zain Z , Ahen Yasmin , Haj Ahmed Nawar , Sokary Sara , Bawadi Hiba , Al-Asmakh Maha
Published: November 2023

Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, second only to ischemic heart disease, with approximately 8.97 million estimated deaths. However, projections indicate that it is expected to surpass heart disease and become the leading cause of death by 2060. Lung, liver, and stomach cancer are the deadliest malignancies in the general population, while lung and breast cancer predominate as the primary causes of cancer-related death in men and women, respectively. Apart from conventional treatments, there is a growing interest in exploring plant-based drugs for cancer management. Elaeagnus angustifolia, a medicinal plant with a history of traditional use in various cultures for its therapeutic properties, has recently garnered attention as a potential cancer treatment due to its reported anti-cancer effects. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize the current research on Elaeagnus angustifolia and its therapeutic applications in cancer. It delves into in vitro studies investigating the plant's interactions with cancer cells, uncovering mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and modulation of signalling pathways. In addition to in vitro research, the review evaluates in vivo and preclinical studies assessing the safety and efficacy of Elaeagnus angustifolia in animal models, emphasizing the promising outcomes and underscoring the need for well-designed clinical trials to validate its potential benefits in human cancer patients. The review provides valuable insights into the current research on Elaeagnus angustifolia's role in cancer treatment. It underscores the necessity for further investigations, including clinical trials, to establish its safety, efficacy, and optimal use in cancer management.
Local Drug Delivery in Bladder Cancer: Advances of Nano/Micro/Macroscale Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Marchenko Irina V. , Trushina Daria B.
Published: November 2023

Treatment of bladder cancer remains a critical unmet need and requires advanced approaches, particularly the development of local drug delivery systems. The physiology of the urinary bladder causes the main difficulties in the local treatment of bladder cancer: regular voiding prevents the maintenance of optimal concentration of the instilled drugs, while poor permeability of the urothelium limits the penetration of the drugs into the bladder wall. Therefore, much research effort is spent to overcome these hurdles, thereby improving the efficacy of available therapies. The explosive development of nanotechnology, polymer science and related fields has contributed to the emergence of a number of nanostructured vehicles (nano- and micro scale) applicable for intravesical drug delivery. Moreover, the engineering approach has facilitated the design of several macro-sized depot systems (centimeter scale) capable of remaining in the bladder for weeks and months. In this article, the main rationales and strategies for improved intravesical delivery are reviewed. Here, we focused on analysis of colloidal nano- and micro-sized drug carriers, and indwelling macro-scale devices which were evaluated for applicability in local therapy of bladder cancer in vivo.
A Study on the Impact of External Shocks on the Resilience of China’s Grain Supply Chain
Authors: Zheng Tao , Zhao Guiqian , Chu Siwei
Published: November 2023

Grain supply is the lifeblood of a country, and the stability of the supply chain is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring national grain security. This paper draws on the definition of resilience in physics and economics. It takes supply chain fracture resilience, impact resilience, and synergy resilience as the secondary indicators. It constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of the grain supply chain resilience, measures the resilience indicator of China's grain supply chain from 1996 to 2021, and analyzes the role of supply, cost, exchange rate, and other external shocks in influencing the resilience of China's grain supply chain on this basis. The study found that the overall level of China's total grain supply chain resilience has been growing year by year and can be divided into three stages: low-level stabilization stage, continuous growth stage, and high-level stabilization stage. Grain supply chain fracture resilience has been growing steadily, grain supply chain impact resilience fluctuation is more obvious, and grain supply chain synergy resilience has been changing more gently. In the inquiry of the impact of external shocks on the resilience of China's grain supply chain, it was found that world grain exports and the RMB exchange rate have a significant positive impact on China's grain supply chain resilience level, while the international oil price has a significant negative impact. Based on this, the paper puts forward suggestions for ensuring stable production and supply in the grain market, improving the structure of foreign trade in grain, and actively coping with international commodity price shocks.
Intracellular Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein Caused by Modular Nanotransporters Containing Anti-N-protein Monobody and a Sequence that Recruits the Keap1 E3 Ligase
Authors: Khramtsov Yuri V. , Ulasov Alexey V. , Lupanova Tatiana N. , Slastnikova Tatiana A. , Rosenkranz Andrey A. , Bunin Egor S. , Georgiev Georgii P. , Sobolev Alexander S.
Published: November 2023

In addition to nucleic acids, various viral proteins are involved in the assembly of virion. If it is possible to create a biologically active agent that leads to the degradation of one of the key proteins for virus assembly and/or destroys the viral factory, then this agent will effectively cope with virus replication. One of these key proteins for the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein). As such a bioactive agent, we offer a modular nanotransporter (MNT) developed by us, which, in addition to an antibody mimetic to the N-protein, contains an amino acid sequence for the attraction of the Keap1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. This should lead to the subsequent degradation of the N-protein. We have shown that functional properties of modules within the MNT permit its internalization into target cells, endosome escape into the cytosol, and binding to the N-protein. Using flow cytometry and Western blot, it was demonstrated that significant degradation of N-protein is observed when A549 and A431 cells transformed with N-protein are incubated with the developed MNTs. The proposed MNTs open up a new approach for the treatment of viral diseases.
Exploring Alternative Funding Mechanisms: Driving Innovation in the Digital Era
Authors: Moleka Pitshou
Published: November 2023

Innovation has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth in the digital era, revolutionizing industries and reshaping economies worldwide. As traditional funding avenues continue to be dominated by risk-averse lenders and investors, entrepreneurs are increasingly turning to alternative funding mechanisms to fuel their innovative ideas and ventures. This article delves into the evolving landscape of financing innovation in the digital era, with a primary focus on the role of alternative funding mechanisms. By drawing on a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical evidence, we aim to provide a conceptual framework that elucidates the interplay between alternative finance platforms, innovation ecosystems, and entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, this article examines the unique characteristics and challenges associated with financing innovation through crowdfunding, venture capital, and angel investing. The insights from this research contribute to a better understanding of how these alternative funding mechanisms can effectively support and catalyze innovation across industries and economies.
Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on Adenoid Hypertrophy, Snoring and Acute Otitis Media. A Case-Control Study in Preschool Children
Authors: Zwierz Aleksander , Domagalski Krzysztof , Masna Krystyna , Walentowicz Paweł , Burduk Paweł
Published: November 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding duration and adenoid size, snoring and acute otitis media (AOM). Methods: We analyzed the medical history, reported symptoms, ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination, and flexible nasopharyngoscopy examination of 145 children aged 3-5 years. Results: Breastfeeding duration of 3 and 6 months or more had a significant effect on the reduction of snoring (p = 0.021; p = 0.039). However, it had no effect on the adenoid size, mucus coverage and sleeping with an open mouth. Snoring was correlated with open mouth sleeping (p < 0.001), adenoid size with a 75% A/C ratio or more (p < 0.001), and adenoid mucus coverage in the Mucus of Adenoid Scale by Nasopharyngoscopy Assessment - MASNA scale (p = 0.009). Children who were breastfed for less than 3 months had more than a 4-fold greater risk of snoring. There was a statistically significant correlation between AOM and gender (p = 0.033), breastfeeding duration in groups fed 1, 3 or 6 months or more (p = 0.018; p = 0.004; p = 0.004) and those fed with mother’s breast milk 3 or 6 months or more (p = 0.009; p = 0.010). Moreover, a correlation was found between adenoid size and mucus coverage, tympanogram, and open-mouth sleeping (p < 0.001). Independent factors of snoring in 3- to 5-year-old children were breastfeeding duration of less than 3 months (p = 0.032), adenoid size with an A/C ratio of 75% or more (p = 0.023) and open mouth sleeping (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Children breastfed for 3 and 6 months or more exhibited reduced rates of snoring. There was no effect of breastfeeding duration on adenoid size in children aged 3 to 5 years, suggesting that the link between breastfeeding duration and snoring is primarily associated with craniofacial development and muscle tone stimulation. A breastfeeding duration of 1 month or more plays a key role in reducing the rate of AOM. The mother’s milk plays a protective role against AOM. The presence of mucus might be responsible for snoring in preschool children. A medical history of breastfeeding should be taken into consideration when snoring children are suspected of adenoid hypertrophy.
Effect of Pressure and Temperature Variation on Wax Precipitation in the Wellbore of Ultradeep Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gu Zihan , Cao Lihu , Wu Hongjun , Liu Jiquan , Li Pengfei , Zhang Dexin , Li Zhaomin
Published: November 2023

To investigate the wax precipitation mechanism of condensate in a wellbore during the ultradeep gas condensate reservoir development, condensate samples were prepared in this work. Changes in the temperature and pressure of fluid flow in the wellbore are simulated by a high-temperature and high-pressure pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) system. This simulation explores their influences on the wax precipitation of the condensate produced from the target reservoir. The results show that the temperature decrease weakens the wax molecular movement activity and promotes the precipitation of wax, resulting in the expansion of the pressure range in which wax precipitation occurs in the system. Meanwhile, decreasing the pressure promotes wax aggregation by increasing van der Waals forces between wax molecules, thereby increasing the wax precipitation rate. At different temperatures, the wax precipitate amount first increases and then decreases with decreasing pressure, which is determined by the wax solubility and remaining content in the system. Since the solubility of a low carbon number component is more sensitive to temperature and pressure changes than that of a high carbon number component, in the early stages of experimental temperature and pressure decreases, the precipitation of coarse crystalline wax with carbon numbers ranging from C16 to C30 is more active than that of microcrystalline wax with carbon numbers exceeding C30. The remaining amount of the former component in the system decreases rapidly, and its precipitation capacity weakens, thus increasing the amount of the latter component in the precipitated wax during the later stage of experiments; this trend corresponds to the shift of the curve peak of the wax carbon number distribution to an abscissa interval with the relatively high carbon numbers. This work can provide reference data for the prediction of the well depth at which the wax precipitation occurs and the wax composition, aiming to promote the implementation of wellbore wax blockage prevention programs.
Dysregulation of SMURF1 by miR-1292-5p involves in lung adenocarcinoma EMT via BMPR2/p-Smad5 signal pathway
Authors: Liu Dewei , Li Lixia , Xu Zhiyi , Huang Jiawei , Zhao Xuanna , Chen Tingting , Li Dongming , Wu Bin , Liang Zhu , Huang Dan , Wu Dong
Published: November 2023

MicroRNAs have been shown to play a vital role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanism and biological functions of miR-1292-5p in LUAD. In LUAD tissues and cell lines, the expression of miR-1292-5p was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The impact of miR-1292-5p in LUAD cells was assessed both in vitro and in vivo, while the formation of filopodia was analyzed through immunofluorescence staining. Analysis of clinical features revealed the correlation of miR-1292-5p expression and LUAD prognosis. The regulatory relationship of miR-1292-5p and SMURF1 was investigated by dual-luciferase assay and rescue experiment. The signal pathway of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was analyzed by western blot. The expression of miR-1292-5p, an upregulated miRNA, was detected in LUAD tissues and cell lines. Its expression showed correlation with the prognosis of LUAD. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-1292-5p led to the promotion of migration and invasion in LUAD cells. Additionally, it induced the formation of filopodia. Mechanistically, miR-1292-5p targeted SMURF1 to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the BMPR2/p-Smad5 signal pathway in LUAD cells. Our study reveals that dysregulation of SMURF1 targeted by miR-1292-5p influences migration and invasion, and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating the BMPR2/p-Smad5 signal pathway in LUAD.
Comparison of earthquake location parameters determined using grid search and manta ray foraging optimization
Authors: Tunçel Aykut
Published: November 2023

Earthquake location estimation using grid search (GS) method are compared with manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) solutions for synthetic and real earthquake data from Van city, Türkiye. Both locating methods worked very well and achieved similar results. While the coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the earthquake were obtained successfully with both methods, from the inversion of the arrival times calculated from the noisy and noise-free synthetic earthquake data, the result was obtained with some deviation in the depth parameter for the noisy data. The location parameters obtained from the inversion of the real earthquake data using GS and MRFO methods were obtained in accordance with the solutions made by other seismology centres. It was not observed that the depth parameter for the Van earthquake was in full match with the solutions of the seismology centres, but the solutions of the seismology centres given for comparison are also not consistent among themselves. The depth parameter obtained for the Van earthquake according the methods performed in this study is self-consistent and was obtained around 24 km. As a result, GS method has some disadvantageous compared with the MRFO method, for reasons such as reaching the solution tardy and needs applying gradual steps to accelerate it. The MRFO method is easy, fast, and advantageous when performed for the kinematic location of earthquake hypocentre.
Interaction between ambient CO and temperature or relative humidity on the risk of stroke hospitalization: A medical records-based study in Ningxia, China, 2014-2019
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Wang Xingtian , Lu Wenwen , Geng Yuhui , Ma Xiaojuan , Meng Hua , Su Xinya , Pan Dongfeng , Liang Peifeng
Published: November 2023

Background
Although the independent effects of ambient CO and temperature or humidity on stroke have been supported by much evidence, it is still unclear where there is an interaction between these factors and who is sensitive populations for these.
Methods
We extracted information of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke from the homepage of the discharge medical records. The ambient CO and temperature, humidity were collected from National Monitoring Center. A generalized additive model, the double contamination model was used to analyze the independent effects of CO and temperature or humidity on stroke hospitalization.The bivariate response surface model and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the interaction between these factors.
Findings
High temperature and CO levels had synergistic effects on hemorrhagic stroke(RERI = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.033 ~ 0.086) and ischemic stroke(RERI = 0.035, 95% CI: 0.006 ~ 0.08). Low relative humidity and CO were synergistic in hemorrhagic stroke (RERI = 0.192,95% CI: 0.184 ~ 0.205), but in ischemic stroke, low relative humidity and CO were synergistic only in the elderly group (RERI = 0.056,95%CI: 0.025 ~ 0.085).
Interpretation
Exposure to CO increases the risk of hospitalization related to hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. CO and temperature or humidity interact with risk of stroke hospitalization with sex and age differences.
The Effects of Breed, Season and Site on Pre-weaning Performance of Dalland and Duroc Pig Breeds and Their Reciprocal Crosses
Authors: Mbeure Sherpherd , Moyo Margaret T , Mlilo Dedani , Moyo Busani
Published: November 2023

Pig performance depends on their genetic merit and the environment in which they are raised. A research study aimed at evaluating the pre-weaning performance of offspring obtained from Dalland and Duroc pure breeds and their reciprocal crosses was carried out. Records of 267 sows in first and second parity comprising 2751 piglets were collected from two Pig Industry Board Farms in Arcturus and Bulawayo. Reproductive and pre-weaning data including number born alive, weaning percentage, average weaning weight, average daily gain and pre-weaning mortality were collected. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) fitted with a mixed model of the General Linear Model procedure of Minitab version.14 was used to analyze the data to establish breed, season and site effects as well checking for existence of first order interactions. Where differences in means were observed, the means were separated using the Turkey’s test at 5% level of significance. Results from this study revealed that breed significantly affected (p < 0.05) average birth weight with pure Dalland and Duroc breeds having heavier piglets of 1.57kg compared to 1.56kg for Dalland boar x Duroc sow and 1.49kg for Duroc boar x Dalland sow respectively. Other pre-weaning performance parameters such as number born alive, weaned percentage, average weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain and pre-weaning mortality (%) were similar for pure breeds and reciprocal crosses. Performances of pigs across sites and across seasons were similar. There were no first order interactions suggesting that the performance of the Duroc, Dalland pig breeds and their reciprocal crosses was similar across sites and seasons.