bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wer nutzt Internetkontaktbörsen in Deutschland?
Authors: Schulz Florian , Skopek Jan , Klein Doreen , Schmitz Andreas
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to identify, who is using online dating sites in Germany. Theoretically, it is drawn on the debate about the digital divide of society and the findings of sociological mate selection research. Several hypotheses are presented on how individuals using internet dating vary in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. These considerations are then tested empirically, using the data of the ARD/ZDF-Online Study 2007, a representative national sample of internet behaviour in Germany. Compared to the total population, the results show that online daters are rather male, younger, higher educated and live in households with a higher income. Compared to all internet users, online daters are also rather male, younger and living in single households; however, lower educated individuals are slightly overrepresented. Our work contributes to the research by showing that the propensity of men and women to participate in online dating depends on their individual perspectives at the marriage market. Particularly higher educated women and lower educated men belong to those groups that try to extend their pool of partners by using dating sites.

Zusammenfassung

Der Aufsatz stellt die Frage, wer in Deutschland die Möglichkeit der internetgestützten Partnersuche nutzt. Ausgehend von der Debatte um digitale Ungleichheiten werden in Auseinandersetzung mit den Erkenntnissen der soziologischen Partnerwahlforschung theoretische Hypothesen formuliert, nach welchen sozialstrukturellen Merkmalen die Teilnahme am Onlinedating variiert. Diese Überlegungen werden auf Basis der Daten der ARD/ZDF-Onlinestudie 2007, einer für Deutschland repräsentativen Erhebung zur Internetnutzung, empirisch geprüft. Verglichen mit der Gesamtbevölkerung zeigt sich, dass die Onlinedater eher männlich, jünger und höher gebildet sind, sowie tendenziell in Haushalten mit höherem Einkommen leben. Verglichen mit den Internetnutzern sind die Onlinedater wiederum eher männlich, jünger und alleinwohnend; allerdings sind hier niedriger gebildete Personen leicht überrepräsentiert. In Erweiterung zu früheren Untersuchungen zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass die Neigung von Männern und Frauen, am Onlinedating teilzunehmen, von ihren jeweiligen Perspektiven am Heiratsmarkt abhängig ist. Vor allem höher gebildete Frauen und niedrig gebildete Männer gehören dabei zu den Gruppen, die durch die Nutzung von Online-Kontaktbörsen ihre Partnersuche ausweiten.
Medienerziehung in der Familie: Regeln und Motive, Umfang und Auswirkungen der Nutzung von Computer, Fernseher und Videokonsole
Authors: Röhr-Sendlmeier Una M. , Götze Irina , Stichel Rebecca
Published: March 2021

After a review of publications on positive and detrimental effects of using the computer and watching television, empirical data on parental education concerning the use of modern media are presented. In two studies, a total of 282 elementary school children and their parents were interviewed with respect to the extent they used electronic media, their rules and motives for letting the children watch television, use the computer and play video games. The children’s reading proficiency was tested. Although the overall extent of using the media was moderate, time spent in front of them and reading proficiency correlated negatively. Explicit parental restrictions lead to less media use, whereas children´s decisions when and how to use the electronic devices correlated with exposure to media. Parental motives which may be considered normatively less agreeable – e.g., letting the children use the media to prevent boredom – correlated with intensified reception. Building up knowledge as a motive, however, was not correlated with increased media use. The results support the thesis that ready access to television may reduce reading activity. They provide evidence against the position that only in case of excessive media use detrimental effects can be found.

Zusammenfassung

Ausgehend von einem Forschungsüberblick über förderliche und abträgliche Auswirkungen der Fernseh- und Computernutzung werden empirische Daten zur familiären Medienerziehung vorgestellt. In zwei aufeinander aufbauenden Studien mit 282 Dritt- und Viertklässlern und ihren Eltern wurden das Ausmaß der Mediennutzung, Regeln und Motive der Medienerziehung sowie die Lesekompetenz der Kinder erhoben. Schon bei insgesamt moderaten Gesamtnutzungsdauern korrelierte die Höhe des Fernseh- und Computerkonsums negativ mit der Lesekompetenz. Explizite elterliche Restriktionen gingen mit einer geringeren Nutzung von Fernseher, Computer und Videokonsole einher. Selbstständige Nutzungsentscheidungen durch das Kind hingen dagegen mit höherem Konsum zusammen. Motive der Eltern für die Medienrezeption des Kindes, die normativ als weniger erwünscht anzusehen sind – etwa damit das Kind sich nicht langweilt –, korrelierten mit erhöhtem Medienkonsum. Das Motiv der Wissenserweiterung stand jedoch in keiner überzufälligen Beziehung zum Ausmaß des Mediengebrauchs. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise auf die Gültigkeit der Verdrängungshypothese des Lesens durch das Fernsehen und sprechen gegen Positionen, nach denen erst bei deutlich erhöhter Nutzung negative Zusammenhänge mit schulisch relevanten Fähigkeiten festzustellen sind.
Back to the kitchen? Gender role attitudes in 13 East European countries
Authors: Fodor Éva , Balogh Anikó
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the determinants of gender role opinions in 13 post-communist Eastern European societies using survey data from the project EUREQUAL. Our main findings consist of two parts. First, contrary to the expectations of scholars who emphasize the lack of gender/feminist consciousness in Eastern Europe, we argue that gender indeed is an important determinant of gender role opinions in post-communist societies: as elsewhere women express more liberal attitudes than men. Second, we argue that the interaction of other determinants of gender role opinions with gender also follows patterns described in the literature for more developed capitalist countries. In this respect, therefore, East European countries seem to fit the general trends of gender role opinion formation. As explanation we point to a connection between women’s material conditions and their gender role attitudes, not denying the importance of cultural difference – if primarily as exception – to this process.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel untersucht, auf Basis von Umfragedaten des EUREQUAL-Projektes, die Determinanten von Einstellungen zu Geschlechterrollen in 13 postkommunistischen osteuropäischen Gesellschaften. Unsere Hauptergebnisse bestehen aus zwei Teilen. Erstens: Wir legen dar, dass – entgegen den Erwartungen von Wissenschaftler(inne)n, die das Fehlen eines Gender- oder feministischen Bewusstseins betonen – dass Gender in postkommunistischen Gesellschaften tatsächlich eine wichtige Determinante der Meinungen über die Geschlechterrollen ist: Wie auch anderswo bringen Frauen liberalere Einstellungen als Männer zum Ausdruck. Zweitens: Wir argumentieren, dass die Interaktion anderer Determinanten der Meinungen zu den Geschlechterrollen mit Gender gleichfalls den Mustern folgt, die in der Literatur im Bezug auf weiter entwickelte kapitalistische Gesellschaften beschrieben werden. In dieser Hinsicht scheinen die osteuropäischen Gesellschaften sich den allgemeinen Trends der Herausbildung von Meinungen zu den Geschlechterrollen anzugleichen. Zur Erklärung verweisen wir auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den materiellen Lebensbedingungen von Frauen und ihren Einstellungen zu den Geschlechterrollen, ohne jedoch die Bedeutsamkeit kultureller Unterschiede – wenn sie auch eher Ausnahmen sind – abzustreiten.
Employment around first birth in two adverse institutional settings: Evidence from Italy and Poland
Authors: Matysiak Anna , Vignoli Daniele
Published: March 2021

This paper analyses women’s employment behaviour around first birth in Italy and Poland. These two countries have much in common as far as their cultural and institutional frameworks are concerned. However, they also display key differences that allow us to better investigate how the country-specific factors mediate women’s employment behaviour around the first birth. Our findings reveal substantial differences in women’s behaviour across educational groups and between the two countries. We conclude that conditions for combining work and family, although important, are not the only determinants of women’s fertility and employment decisions, and that other country-specific factors are also highly influential.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Artikel wird das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen in Italien und Polen im Umfeld der Geburt des ersten Kindes analysiert. Diese beiden Länder haben hinsichtlich der kulturellen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen viel gemeinsam. Sie weisen jedoch auch zentrale Unterschiede auf, die es uns erlauben, genauer zu untersuchen wie die länderspezifischen Faktoren das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen im Umfeld der Erstgeburt beeinflussen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass substanzielle Unterschiede im Verhalten über Bildungsgruppen hinweg und zwischen den beiden Ländern bestehen. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Bedingungen der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Familie zwar wichtig, aber nicht die einzigen Determinanten für die Entscheidungen der Frauen hinsichtlich der Fertilität und der Erwerbstätigkeit sind. Andere länderspezifische Faktoren sind dabei ebenfalls sehr einflussreich.
Wenn Männer Väter werden – Über die Auswirkungen der Vaterschaft auf Freizeit, Lebenszufriedenheit und familiäre Beziehungen
Authors: Pollmann-Schult Matthias
Published: March 2021

This study uses data from the German Socio- Economic Panel (SOEP) to analyze the effect of fatherhood on different aspects of the everyday life of men. The results indicate that fatherhood positively affects men’s life satisfaction, civic engagement, religious participation, and the closeness of the relationship between men and their families of origin. These findings extend past research, which primarily called attention to the negative effects of fatherhood, such as increased psychological strain, reduced marital satisfaction and limitations in leisure activities. Distinguishing between biological fathers and stepfathers shows that the effect of fatherhood differs between both types of fathers with respect to their civic and religious engagements as well as to their relation to their parents.

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Auswirkungen der Vaterschaft auf verschiedene Aspekte des Alltagshandelns. Die empirischen Analysen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigen positive Effekte der Vaterschaft hinsichtlich der Lebenszufriedenheit, des bürgerschaftlichen Engagements, der religiösen Partizipation sowie der Beziehung zur Herkunftsfamilie. Diese Befunde ergänzen und erweitern frühere Erkenntnisse, die vor allem auf nachteilige Auswirkungen der Elternschaft – wie die Zunahme psychischer Belastungen, den Rückgang der Beziehungsqualität und Partnerschaftszufriedenheit sowie Einschränkungen im Freizeitverhalten – aufmerksam machen. Eine Differenzierung zwischen biologischen und sozialen Vätern zeigt, dass sich beide Vätertypen in ihrer sozialen und religiösen Partizipation sowie der Beziehung zu den eigenen Eltern voneinander unterscheiden.
Entwicklungen in der Reproduktionsmedizin – mit welchen Konsequenzen müssen wir uns auseinandersetzen?
Authors: Stöbel-Richter Yve , Goldschmidt Susanne , Borkenhagen Ada , Kraus Ute , Weidner Kerstin
Published: March 2021

This report gives an overview about certain aspects of modern reproductive medicine. The following issues are prioritised: development of medical facilities, people’s knowledge on reproductive medicine, appraisal of chances and risks, psychological aspects of involuntary childlessness, stresses and strains during IVFtreatment, ethical consequences of these medical procedures. Furthermore interactions between demographic and medical developments are analysed as well as resulting psychological and sociological perspectives. Previous research results present both a lack of knowledge towards reproductive medical treatments and disproportionate expectations and hope toward treatment-outcome. Very often expensive and complex methods are practiced to fulfil the child wish, but mental and social aspects remain unconsidered. So the motto “a child at any cost” on the part of many involuntary childless couples as well as of some fertility doctors poses a glaring contradiction to insufficient counselling in practice prior to, during and after the treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen Überblick über verschiedene Aspekte der modernen Reproduktionsmedizin ermöglichen. Auf folgende Schwerpunkte wird deshalb genauer eingegangen: Entwicklung der medizinischen Möglichkeiten, Wissen in der Bevölkerung, Einschätzung von Chancen und Gefahren, psychologische Aspekte der Kinderlosigkeit, Belastungen während einer IVF-Behandlung, ethisch-moralische Konsequenzen der Verfahren. Darüber hinaus werden Zusammenhänge zwischen demographischer und medizinischer Entwicklung sowie die sich daraus ergebenden spezifischen psychologischen und soziologischen Perspektiven aufgezeigt. Die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse zeigen nicht nur ein Mangel an Wissen bzgl. fortpflanzungsmedizinischer Aspekte, sondern auch übertrieben große, zum Teil unberechtigte, Hoffnungen hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit der reproduktionsmedizinischen Verfahren. Oftmals werden hochaufwändige und kostenintensive Verfahren eingesetzt, um den (langen) Wunsch nach einem Kind zu erfüllen, allerdings ohne psychischen und sozialen Wirkfaktoren Rechnung zu tragen. Somit steht die Devise "ein Kind um jeden Preis" seitens vieler Paare und aber auch Reproduktionsmediziner im krassen Gegensatz zu mangelnder Beratung vor, während und nach einer Behandlung.
Was kann familiensoziologische Theorie? Korreferat zum Beitrag von Günter Burkart
Authors: Brüderl Josef
Published: March 2021

This article discusses current theoretical debates within family sociology. It is argued that many of these debates are fruitless. Instead, the author argues that models inspired by family economics have proven to be very helpful for family research.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel diskutiert aus der Sicht des kritischen Rationalismus gängige Theoriedebatten der Familiensoziologie. Es zeigt sich, dass viele dieser Theoriedebatten wenig Erkenntnisgewinn versprechen. Demgegenüber – so wird argumentiert – sind familienökonomische Modelle hilfreich für die Familienforschung.
Zur Positionsbestimmung der empirischen Familiensoziologie
Authors: Huinink Johannes
Published: March 2021

In this article, we take a view on the current state of the art of empirical sociological research on the family and draw some conclusions concerning challenges of future research. We identify the main research topics of family sociology and provide a critical overview over the knowledge already gained and the scientific discourse in important fields of research. Deficits are addressed und future research topics are proposed. We need more research on cultural and social determinants of family dynamics, thus requiring an innovative thrust in research methods, more interdisciplinary openness and more comparative research. From the substantive point of view, more research is needed on the performance and the capabilities of families in modern societies. These research endeavours should be accompanied by a serious discussion about the future of the family.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Beitrag wird, notgedrungen selektiv, der derzeitige Stand der soziologischen Familienforschung beleuchtet und es werden einige Schlussfolgerungen zu zukünftigen Aufgaben abgeleitet, denen sich die Familiensoziologie zu stellen hat. Das Forschungsprogramm der Familiesoziologie wird näher bestimmt. Darauf bezogen wird ein kritischer Überblick über den Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand in den wichtigsten Forschungsfeldern gegeben. Einige Forschungsdefizite werden diagnostiziert. Die Bestandsaufnahme mündet in die Formulierung einer Reihe von wichtigen Herausforderungen familiensoziologischer Forschung. Dazu gehört, die Analyse der kulturellen und sozialen Determinanten der Familienentwicklung zu stärken, was nur durch einen Innovationsschub in der familiensoziologischen Empirie, eine noch stärkere interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung der empirischen Familiensoziologie und mehr international vergleichende Forschung erreicht werden kann. Inhaltlich sollte die Forschung zu den Leistungen und zur Leistungsfähigkeit der Familie unter verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen stärker in den Vordergrund gerückt und eine engagierte Diskussion um die Zukunft der Familie initiiert werden.
Wie stabil sind Bindungsangst und Bindungsvermeidung? Der Einfluss von Persönlichkeit und Beziehungsveränderungen auf die partnerbezogenen Bindungsdimensionen
Authors: Rohmann Elke , Küpper Beate , Schmohr Martina
Published: March 2021

In a sample of 57 students who were interviewed at three waves within eight months the assumption was investigated that personality dimensions (specifically agreeableness and neuroticism) predict general attachment better than partner-related attachment. In accordance with this assumption neuroticism predicted general attachment anxiety better than partner-related anxiety. Results of a cross-lagged panel analysis showed that partner-related anxiety was predicted better by neuroticism than vice versa. With respect to the association between agreeableness and partner-related avoidance, no dominant influence of one variable over the other was detected. After positive and negative changes in the course of their relationship congruent changes in partner-related attachment anxiety were detected. Specifically, negative changes in the course of relationship caused an increase in attachment anxiety, whereas positive changes in the course of relationship caused a decrease in attachment anxiety. Contrary to our expectations, the stability of partnerrelated attachment anxiety did not differ from the stability of partner-related attachment avoidance. In addition, both dimensions of partner-related attachment reached the same level of temporal stability as agreeableness and neuroticism.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurde in einer Studie mit einer Stichprobe von 57 Studierenden, die zu drei Messzeitpunkten innerhalb von acht Monaten befragt worden waren, untersucht, ob Persönlichkeitsmerkmale (Verträglichkeit und Neurotizismus) besser die allgemeine Bindung als die partnerbezogene Bindung vorhersagen. Diese Annahme konnten wir für die Vorhersage von Bindungsangst durch Neurotizismus bestätigen. Weiterhin ließ sich in einer cross-lagged-panel-Analyse zeigen, dass die partnerbezogene Bindungsangst nach acht Monaten besser durch Neurotizismus vorhergesagt wurde als umgekehrt. Dagegen ließ sich für den Zusammenhang von Verträglichkeit und partnerbezogener Bindungsvermeidung keine einseitige Einflussrichtung feststellen. Die Veränderbarkeit der partnerbezogenen Bindungsangst konnte durch positive und negative Beziehungsveränderungen vorhergesagt werden. Nach negativen Beziehungsveränderungen nahm die Bindungsangst zu, während sie nach positiven Beziehungsveränderungen abnahm. Entgegen unserer Annahmen fanden wir keine geringere Stabilität von partnerbezogener Bindungsangst im Vergleich zu partnerbezogener Bindungsvermeidung. Zudem waren die beiden partnerbezogenen Bindungsdimensionen zeitlich genauso stabil wie Verträglichkeit und Neurotizismus.
The process of family reunification among original guest-workers in Germany
Authors: González-Ferrer Amparo
Published: March 2021

This article examines the process of family reunification among original guest-workers in Germany. Contrary to conventional accounts, the findings indicate that the bulk of family reunification occurred for the most part before the halt on recruitment was imposed in the mid-seventies. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), I find that approximately half of wives who joined their husbands in Germany migrated in the same year as their husbands. In fact, it does not seem that the ban on labor recruitment had an accelerating effect on the reunification process, as it is generally assumed. According to the obtained results, the reform of the children’s allowances in 1975 had a clearer and stronger impact in explaining the family migration decisions of original guest-workers in Germany. On the other hand, variables related to the macroeconomic conditions at the origin and destination countries, the size of the household, the age of the children, and the labor market characteristics of the mother are important to account for differences in the time that elapsed until male immigrants had their families reunified abroad.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Beitrag wird der Prozess der Familienzusammenführung bei den ursprünglichen Gastarbeitern in Deutschland untersucht. Im Gegensatz zur gängigen Darstellung legen meine Erkenntnisse nahe, dass die Mehrzahl der Familienzusammenführungen schon vor dem Anwerbestopp Mitte der 1970er Jahre stattfand. Unter Verwendung von Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) stellte ich fest, dass ungefähr die Hälfte der Ehefrauen, die ihren Männern nach Deutschland folgten, im gleichen Jahr wie ihre Männer auswanderten. Tatsächlich scheint es nicht so zu sein, dass – wie gemeinhin angenommen – der Anwerbestopp einen beschleunigenden Effekt auf die Familienzusammenführung hatte. Nach den vorliegenden Ergebnissen hatte die Kindergeldreform im Jahre 1975 einen eindeutigeren und stärkeren Einfluss auf die Erklärung der Entscheidungen der ursprünglichen Gastarbeiter in Deutschland hinsichtlich der Familienzusammenführungen. Anderseits sind aber auch andere Variablen, die sich auf die makro-ökonomischen Bedingungen in den Herkunftsländern und im Aufnahmeland, die Haushaltsgröße, das Alter der Kinder sowie die Arbeitsmarktcharakteristika der Mütter beziehen, für die Erklärung der unterschiedlichen Zeiträume, die vergingen, ehe die männlichen Einwanderer ihre Familien im Ausland wieder zusammenführten, bedeutsam.
Immigrant families in Germany. Family change between situational adaptation, acculturation, segregation and remigration
Authors: Nauck Bernhard
Published: March 2021

Based on available register data and social surveys, an overview on changes in migrant families in Germany during the last 40 years is provided. Three major issues are selected, namely marriage behavior, fertility behavior and intergenerational relations. With regard to marriage, special emphasis is given to bi-national marriages, for which the typical U-curve shape is observed for Germany, too. Major changes have occurred in the nationalities of foreign marriage partners and in the willingness of immigrants to accept bi-national marriages. The fertility behavior is characterized by a fast decline of births of higher parity, depending in its speed on the migration career and formal education. Intergenerational comparisons show high level differences in acculturation between first and second generation immigrants. However, these generations are linked and pass the acculturation process as a convoy, thus maintaining intergenerational bonds.

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag basiert auf amtlichen Statistiken und Ergebnissen sozialwissenschaftlicher Umfragedaten und gibt einen Überblick über den Wandel in Migrantenfamilien in den letzten 40 Jahren. Dabei werden drei Themen herausgegriffen: Heiraten, generatives Verhalten und Generationenbeziehungen. Bezüglich der Heirat wird der Wandel in den bi-nationalen Ehen nachgezeichnet, für die sich auch für Deutschland der typische U-kurvenförmige Verlauf zeigt. Das generative Verhalten ist durch einen starken Rückgang der Geburten höherer Parität gekennzeichnet, wobei die Geschwindigkeit von der Migrationskarriere und dem Bildungsniveau der Migrantinnen abhängt. Vergleiche zwischen den Generationen zeigen starke Niveauunterschiede in der Akkulturation der ersten und zweiten Migrantengeneration. Jedoch sind diese Generationen stark miteinander verbunden, durchlaufen den Akkulturationsprozess als Konvoi und erhalten sich so ihre intergenerationalen Bindungen.
Tagebuch versus Zeitschätzung. Ein Vergleich zweier unterschiedlicher Methoden zur Messung der Zeitverwendung für Hausarbeit
Authors: Schulz Florian , Grunow Daniela
Published: March 2021

Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse von Zeitverwendungstagebüchern und Zeitschätzungen lässt Zweifel an der bislang aufrecht erhaltenen Annahme aufkommen, beide Methoden wären lediglich zwei verschiedene Wege zur validen Messung individueller Zeitbudgets. Auf der Basis eines eigens für diesen Methodenvergleich erhobenen Datensatzes wird gezeigt, dass die auf Grundlage beider Erhebungstechniken gewonnenen Daten signifikant unterschiedliche Ergebnisse hervorbringen und folglich zu unterschiedlichen theoretischen Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf die Determinanten geschlechtsspezifischer Zeitverwendungsmuster für Hausarbeit führen würden.

Abstract

A comparison of time-diary data and data obtained through survey questions leaves us to doubt that both methods are just two different ways of measuring individual time budgets validly. Comparing data of a unique pilot study for assessing methodological concerns of time use measurement, we find that both measurement techniques produce significantly different results that would eventually lead to substantially different conclusions with respect to the determinants of gender specific housework patterns.
Tecnologia Social e Meio Ambiente
Authors: Santos André Luís Matos dos , Rocha Marcelo Borges
Published: March 2021

Os problemas ambientais se articulam com questões econômicas, culturais, sociais e políticas. A Tecnologia Social (TS) incorpora elementos culturais e tenta equilibrar a geração de renda e emprego à preservação ambiental e justiça social. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar (i) quais macroteorias têm sido utilizadas em pesquisas sobre TS com questões ambientais e (ii) uma análise a partir da matriz dupla para sustentabilidades. Foi realizado um levantamento de dissertações e teses no período de 2000 a 2019. Foram identificados12 trabalhos. Os resultados indicam que o marxismo foi a macroteoria mais usada. Observou-se ainda, que as TS possuem sustentabilidade econômica, cultural, ambiental e política por atenderem a questões de renda, alimentação, água, preservação ambiental e cultural. Assim, infere-se que as TS, a partir da avaliação da matriz de dupla entrada, podem responder às questões essenciais ao desenvolvimento humano aliado à preservação ambiental.
Solos nos livros didáticos
Authors: Souza Alexandre dos Santos , Furrier Max , Lavor Larissa Fernandes de
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o conteúdo sobre solos em livros didáticos de Geografia distribuídos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), qualificar e quantificar as informações e verificar se não há erros conceituais. Averiguando os 14 livros didáticos da 1ª série do Ensino Médio, distribuídos pelo PNLD 2018/2020, foram identificadas a falta de aplicação interdisciplinar e a necessidade de correções e de incremento de conceitos básicos fundamentais para o estudo do solo, enquanto recurso fundamental à sustentação da biosfera. Este trabalho também apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos que destacam a relevância do ensino de Geociências (Pedologia), além da proposição de um produto cartográfico didático e atualizado sobre a distribuição dos principais tipos de solos presentes no Brasil. Trabalhos desta natureza são necessários, pois contribuem com o ensino-aprendizagem no âmbito da Educação Escolar, mediante informações úteis, adequadas e corretas, aos docentes e discentes das escolas públicas brasileiras.
O desafio da divulgação das geociências em tempos de pandemia e movimentos anti-ciência
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Pereira Sueli Yoshinaga , Ricardi-Branco Fresia Soledad Torres , Gonçalves Pedro Wagner
Published: March 2021

Quando escrevíamos o texto de apresentação do ano passado, correspondente ao volume 16, sabíamos que 2020 seria inconfundível, diante da catástrofe humanitária representada pela pandemia de COVID-19, cujos efeitos não cessam de desafiar o mundo e as autoridades de todos os países. Em certa medida, as Ciências da Terra estiveram em pauta, obviamente subordinadas às questões médicas, epidemiológicas e humanitárias. As sociedades humanas precisam reaprender a se relacionar com a natureza.
A importância das ações de extensão para a divulgação das geociências na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Authors: Costa Flávia Compassi da , Marques Rodson de Abreu
Published: March 2021

A divulgação das Geociências é fundamental para a exploração sustentável do planeta, pois possibilita o entendimento acerca da transformação dos espaços naturais e da interação da sociedade com o meio ambiente. Uma forma de difundir esse conhecimento é pela extensão universitária, cuja finalidade é articular o ensino e a pesquisa científica às necessidades da comunidade onde a universidade se insere, buscando transformar positivamente a realidade social por meio desse intercâmbio. O objetivo deste trabalho é divulgar as ações extensionistas, com ênfase na divulgação da Geociências, realizadas pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, mostrando sua importância tanto para os estudantes do ensino superior quanto para a comunidade.
Performance analysis of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia before the covid pandemic period (2015-2019)
Authors: Handayani Erna , Rahmawati Alni , Tubastuvi Naelati , Hapsari Ira
Published: March 2021

Overcoming the impact of the Covid pandemic on Islamic banking in Indonesia, management must take strategic steps based on predictions and previous performance identification. Identify performance, information on the factors that affect the performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia is needed. Several aspects that are considered to affect Islamic banking performance that management must consider are capital, liquidity aspects, credit risk, and efficiency. This research examines the influence of the aspects of capital (Capital Adequacy Ratio and Third Party Funds), liquidity (Finance to Debt Ratio ), credit risk (Non-Performing Financing).) and operational efficiency (BOPO) on the performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia 5 (five) years before the Covid pandemic occurred in Indonesia (2015-2019). The results showed that these five aspects had a simultaneous effect on Islamic banking performance in Indonesia, with a termination coefficient of 94.4%. Of the five variables, CAR, FDR, NPF, and BOPO significantly affect performance, while TPF has no significant effect on performance (Return on Assets).
The legal protection weakness of the directors board from the risk of losses due to business decisions
Authors: Kusmono Kusmono , Sihabudin Sihabudin , Permadi Iwan , Ratno Hadi Heru
Published: March 2021

Business is a risk. There is no guarantee the business is run By the board of Directors who will always bring profit. One day profit, no profit, and another time can lose. When business decisions are taken by the board of Directors losses especially in significant amounts can be ascertained will happen nervousness on the board of Directors of the Company. State-Owned Enterprises established for business purposes in the full operation of risk. Law No. 19 of 2003 concerning State-Owned Enterprises does not regulate the protection of the Board of Directors of the Company, meanwhile, Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies regulation of the protection of the Board of Directors of its implementation gives rise to multi-interpretation. Business decisions made by the Board of Directors of the Company in accordance with the principles of Business Judgement Rule are business risk, should get legal protection. The purpose of this research is to find out the weaknesses of this legal protection. This research includes normative legal research with a statutory approach with The analysis technique in this research is investigation strategy. The results show that there is no legal certainty regarding business decisions taken by Directors who experience losses in business transactions so that the Government / DPR must amend the BUMN Law by adding articles on the legal protection of the Directors of Persero.
Accountability of mosque administrators against violation of Covid-19 health protocols in the mosque environment
Authors: Mirza Devianti Refina , Michael Tomy
Published: March 2021

The Covid-19 is a new virus found in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, to be precise in December.  This virus spreads very quickly to various parts of the world, causing access between countries to be closed in anticipation of the transmission of covid-19. Covid-19 can be transmitted from one person to another by touching objects that have been exposed to a person with Covid-19 and can also catch it through coughing or sneezing droplets from that person. The existence of Covid-19 has led to changes in the order of life from normal to having to comply with health protocols implemented by the government in various places to anticipate the spread of covid-19, for example in implementing health protocols in places of worship and in crowded places.  In terms of performing worship in a mosque environment, a person is obliged to obey the protocols that have been implemented but in reality, many people don’t comply with health protocols and don’t care about the safety of others. If this is the case, then the mosque administrators or as takmir of the mosque must be responsible for the violations that occur because they are supposed to enforce health protocols in the mosque environment which is their obligation. The research method used by researchers is normative legal research with a statutory and case approach. The takmir of the mosque as the person in charge of all activities carried out in the mosque must fulfill its responsibility in a civil manner towards public disobedience to health protocols that aren’t obeyed because the mosque takmir should strictly enforce the health protocol
The role of moral identity in auditor’s ethical decision making
Authors: Arrami Nawfel , QingXiang Yang
Published: March 2021

This article aims to test and provide empirical evidence of the moderated mediating role that plays moral identity in explaining auditor’s ethical decision making based on Jones' model of moral intensity. Therefore, this research proposes a moderated mediation model where moral identity accessibility mediates the relationship between perceived moral intensity and auditors’ moral judgment. Moreover, Moral identity centrality is tested as a moderator variable for this socio-cognitive model. This study used random sampling methods for external senior auditors operating in audit firms in Morocco. Data obtained by 125 respondents and processed with SmartPLS. The results show that the impact of an auditor’s perceived moral intensity on his moral judgment is fully mediated by moral identity accessibility and moderated by moral identity centrality. Auditor’s moral intensity perception seems to trigger the access to moral identity which in turn affects positively the moral judgment based on how central is moral identity to the individual.
Effect of liquidity risk on the financial performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative organisations (SACCOs) in Kenya
Authors: Otwoko Benjamin , Maina Kimani
Published: March 2021

Liquidity risk is the potential that an entity will be unable to acquire the cash required to meet its short and intermediate-term obligations. Deposit-taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Organisation (SACCOs) face liquidity risk when they are unable to fund their operations and lending requirements to their members as and when circumstances demand. Given that liquidity is a key phenomenon on the optimal functioning and financial performance of deposit-taking SACCOs, this study critically analyzed the effect of liquidity risk on the financial performance of DT SACCOs in Kenya. The study used a descriptive survey design and employed regression methods to model the relationship between liquidity risk and financial performance of DT SACCOs. The data were analyzed at a 5% level of significance. The study findings revealed that at a 5% level of significance, liquidity risk had a statistically significant influence on the financial performance of deposit-taking SACCOs. Basing on the findings, DT SACCOs are encouraged to focus on enhancing the mobilization of deposits to ensure that an asset portfolio that minimizes liquidity risk is maintained.
Entrepreneurship, culture and development of elderly people’s homes in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Idehen Amadin Victor
Published: March 2021

The study explores the use of entrepreneurship and Culture in the development of elderly people’s homes in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The major objective of the study is to determine the cultural impediments to the development of elderly people’s homes in Edo state, Nigeria. The other objective is to ascertain the entrepreneurial skill requirements for the elderly. Findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between culture and development of elderly people’s homes in Edo State, Nigeria. It’s more of perception issues. The study also revealed that the elderly need special skills to be relevant to themselves, society, and family
Impact of consumer’s security, benefits and usefulness towards cashless transaction within Malaysian university student
Authors: Ahmad Kawsar , Arifuzzaman Arifuzzaman , Al Mamun Abdullah , Md Khaled Bin Oalid Junayed
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of perceived security, benefits, and usefulness that has been associate with the cashless transaction attitude. The chosen mode for this research is a quantitative approach. This method is favored because of its simplicity and systematic approach, The primary data were collected by distributing the respondents' questionnaires, A self-administered survey is a questionnaire that was developed exclusively for a respondent. This questionnaire is the most suitable approach for this research because respondents respond comfortably and don't need to make appointments with respondents. However, This study involves 120 participants from several locations in Selangor University, DarulHikmah Library at IIUM in the Gombak area, and Shah Alam area. In the part of the analysis, there is two measurementss that would be tasted in the context of demographic component and assess the relations between the structures and how independent variables affect the dependent variable. On the other hand, the mode of analysis is descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Also, Both the results are presented by using the statistical tools which are IBM Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS) version 25.0. The findings indicate that the benefits perceived and the adoption of cashless transactions are linked positively and are of perceived importance and acceptance. From the study, this paper discovered that perceived protection correlates negatively. For future research of this subject, a greater variety of independent factors and more detailed models may have been used and further analyses required for the factor analysis. This can lead to further findings that will give the next generation a wider range of knowledge.
Commensality and responsive food consumption behavior in community based canteen
Authors: Gebreyohannes Dilayehu Desta
Published: March 2021

The present study aims to recognize the commensality phenomena and the role of empathy in emerging ethical food consumption behavior at a social level.  The study applied qualitative research using an ethnographic method to construct situational and emotional factors of commensality as food consumption behavior in the social meal context. Finding demonstrates that social context influence eating behavior of individual through empathy. It explores a segmented social practice concerning a different viewpoint of food consumption and preference. It is a more theoretical contribution to the sociology of food as a social practice. Additionally, we define responsive eating behavior in conjunction with belief matching.
Working capital management practices and operational performance of selected supermarkets with national network
Authors: Wanyoike Hellen W. , Onyuma Samuel O. , Kung’u James N.
Published: March 2021

This paper examined the effect of working capital management practices on the operational performance of selected supermarkets with the national network in Kenya focusing on inventory and creditors’ management as well as receivables and liquidity practices. The paper was pegged on Agency Theory, Iceberg Theory of Money Management and Cash Management Theory. Guided by descriptive research design, 52 branch managers were sampled from four major supermarkets using both the stratified and random sampling methods. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Findings revealed that inventory and creditors management practices had a very low effect on the operational performance of supermarkets in Kenya. The study, therefore, recommends that supermarkets should introduce a system where managers are fully equipped with working capital management skills. This should be done continuously to prevent the occurrence of severe liquidity challenges which have witnessed in the past.
Association between suicidal behavior and genes of serotonergic system confirmed in men with affective disorders
Authors: Pawlak Joanna , Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika , Skibinska Maria , Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra , Leszczynska-Rodziewicz Anna , Czerski Piotr , Zaremba Dorota , Hauser Joanna , Maciukiewicz Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Suicidal behavior is a crucial clinical problem in many groups of psychiatric patients. It occurs most often in affective disorders, psychotic disorders, substance abuse/dependence and personality disorders. Although not all patients with these diagnoses present suicidal behavior, it is very important to find the most vulnerable subgroups. The extensive number of studies shows that suicidal behavior (completed and attempted suicide) is associated with changes in functioning of serotonergic system. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of serotonin. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is the main factor removing serotonin from the synaptic space. Genetic studies confirm that suicide behavior has a genetic component independently of major psychiatric disorders. Aim. The aim of this study is to look for association between selected candidate genes and suicidal behavior in affective disorders.Material and methods. In the study we included 597 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder or unipolar disorder and 563 healthy controls. Polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR and single nucleotide polymorphisms – SNPs (rs1799913 and rs1800532) in tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene were analyzed. We used in computation Statistica 8.0 package (STATSOFT, Poland) (tests: The two-tailed Pearson's chi-square (?2) test and Fisher's exact test).Results. Main positive findings are an association between TPH1 polymorphisms and bipolar disease type I (BPI) diagnosis in men and an association between TPH1 polymorphisms and suicidal attempts in male patients. In all group we did not find nor allelic neither genotypic associations of selected polymorphisms and diagnosis or suicide attempts. Conclusions. Our findings partially confirm that serotonergic system plays a role in affective disorder and suicidal behavior, but the association needs further investigation.
Adoptive transfer of tumor specific T cells from allogeneic donors is feasible, effective and safe alternative to autologous T cell based tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk Eliza P. , Kozłowska Anna , Maruszak Klaudia , Kańczuga-Koda Luiza , Koda Mariusz , Dajnowiec Monika , Mackiewicz Andrzej , Kowalczyk Dariusz W.
Published: March 2021

Donor lymphocyte infusion is used to increase the graft versus tumor (GVT) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. The limited spectrum of activity and high risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) remain major limitations of this approach. The finding of new cell populations for adoptive immunotherapy, with the ability to separate GVT from GVHD, would be useful. In the present manuscript, we tested in mouse model the use of allogeneic MHC partially matched effector cells for adoptive T cell immunotherapy of cancer. We sought to maximize graft-versus-tumor effect while minimizing GVHD using tumor-specific allogeneic effector T cells rather than open-repertoire T cells. A F1 hybrid (Balb/c x C57BL/6) -MethA-EGFP–bearing mice received a preparative regimen of nonmyeloablating cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion followed by adoptive transfer of bulk Balb/c derived allogeneic T cells specific for the MethA-EGFP tumor cells. Adoptively transferred allogeneic tumor-specific T lymphocytes prevented tumor formation without graft versus host disease – like symptoms. We found that the risk of GVHD was low even with high number of transferred tumor-specific T cells. These data indicate that the use of tumor-specific allogeneic T cells is feasible, effective and safe alternative to autologous T cell based tumor immunotherapy.
Analysis of benefits from being in a Alzheimer Internet support group for the caregivers of the people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Grobelny Bartosz , Awdziejczyk Małgorzata , Gorczyński Wojciech , Janczyk Marcin , Leszczyńska Marta , Meissner Katarzyna , Roszyk Agnieszka , Specjalski Radosław , Śniegula Paulina , Tomczak Jolanta , Wiecheć Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

Both emotional and physical demands faced by Alzheimer's disease caregivers are very difficult to meet. Often, the amount of strength and calmness needed to fulfil the role of caregiver is beyond the person’s adaptability. The aim of this article is the data analysis of the Alzheimer’s disease caregivers online support groups and problems the caregivers face on the daily basis. Authors compared discussions and solutions available in polish language with methods used in other countries. The study was conducted in late April and May of 2013 by analyzing the user posts found on Polish webistes that associates the caregivers of people suffering form Alzheimer’s disease. Authors assumed that there is a difference between citizens of different countries in the access to useful information that may help in solving daily problems. Confirmation of this hypothesis may indicate the need for modifications by creating a professional platform that associates Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. Authors also analyzed remedies caregivers use and emotional functioning. By presenting recurring problems regarding diagnosis, burnout and coping with daily stress. They try to answer important question: what must be done to meet the needs of caregivers presented via the message boards. They are trying to prove that access to professional knowledge and presence in the environment that brings together caregivers can significantly improve level of performance and satisfaction. Even if the aid is granted only through an online platform of information sharing, the support effects are clearly visible.
Expressions of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes and their role in prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Frycz Bartosz A. , Jagodziński Paweł P.
Published: March 2021

The concentration of sex steroid hormones in the prostate gland is controlled by their local synthesis and metabolism. These processes involve steroid metabolizing (steroidogenic) enzymes, which are necessary to produce the active form of androgens and estrogens at specific locations. Changes in gene expression of the steroid metabolizing enzymes may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis by regulating sex steroid concentration in the prostate gland. The purpose of this review is to gather the most important reports connected with gene expression of the steroidogenic enzymes and to find correlations between gene expression and tumorigenesis in the prostate gland.