bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE METABOLIC DISORDERS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC SUBJECTS IN YOGYAKARTA-INDONESIA
Authors: Suhadi Rita , Linawati Yunita , Wulandari Erna Tri , Virginia Dita Maria , Setiawan Christianus Heru
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity in developing countries was high regardless the socioeconomicstatus, whereas the awareness and the control of these metabolic disorders were inadequate. The aim was to compare the cardiovascular risk basedon numbers of metabolic disorders among lower socioeconomic subjects.Methods: The study was done with the analytical cross-sectional method. The subjects were selected with cluster random sampling from four villages.We included the subjects of 30-65 years old and signed the informed consent but excluded the subjects who had not fasted for 8-10 hrs. We analyzedthe cardiovascular parameters among groups with ANOVA statistics, the difference between actual and heart vascular age (HVA) with paired t-test,and the change of six cardiovascular parameters with radar diagram.Results: The eligible subjects (n=222) comprised 0-4 metabolic disorders at 25.2%, 33.8%, 28.8%, 9.9%, and 1.8%, respectively; with age at50.1±9.0 years; body mass index (BMI) 24.1±4.8 kg/m2; blood pressure (BP) 141.6±23.4/82.8±11.7 mmHg; fasting blood sugar (FBS) 98.7±37.4 mg/dL;total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 201.0±37.9 and 55.1±12.7 mg/dL; Framingham score was 11.4±8.9% (referred as medium risk); thedifference between actual and HVA at 13.2±13.0 (p<0.05). Increasing metabolic disorders lead to higher BP, FBS, cholesterol, Framingham score, andthe difference between actual and HVA (p<0.05) excluding BMI in the four metabolic disorder subgroup.Conclusion: The subjects had the medium cardiovascular risk with above normal BMI, BP, and total cholesterol profiles. The average age, BP, FBS,cholesterol, Framingham score, and HVA were likely to increase equivalent to the numbers of metabolic disorders.Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Cardiovascular risk, Metabolic disorders.
APOPTOSIS INDUCTION EFFECT OF CURCUMIN AND ITS ANALOGS PENTAGAMAVUNON-0 AND PENTAGAMAVUNON-1 ON CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: Da'i Muhammad , Suhendi Andi , Meiyanto Edi , Jenie Umar Anggoro , Kawaichi Masashi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: This experiment aims to investigate the apoptosis effect of curcumin and its analogs pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) and PGV-1 on normaland other cancer cell lines.Methods: Growth inhibition effect was investigated using the MTT method. Double staining used acridine orange, 2-(4-aminodiphenyl)-6-indolcarbamidine dihydrochloride and ethidium bromide was performed to determine morphological changes of cells. Detection of PARP, caspase-3,PUMA and BAX using a western blot method was conducted to elucidate the apoptosis effect of the compounds.Results: PGV-1 (2.5 μM) and PGV-0 (5.0 μM) could inhibit T47D-cell growth on 72 h observation, but not for curcumin. DNA staining showed PGV-1has the strongest apoptosis induction effect on T47D-cells compared to PGV-0 and curcumin as well. Western blot analysis resulted in cleavage PARP(83 kD) on HeLa, T47D, and MCF-7 cells treated with PGV-1 (2.5 μM), PGV-0 (5.0 μM). Curcumin (10.0 μM) just induced apoptosis on T47D-cell andMCF-7 cell, but not HeLa cell. Cleavage PARP resulted by apoptosis process in the cell. PGV-1 (2.5 μM) had a stronger apoptosis effect compared toPGV-0 (5.0 μM) and curcumin (10.0 μM) based on cleaved PARP result qualitatively. On the normal cell (NH3T3), cells that were treated with thecompounds resulted in a negative cleavage PARP. This result indicated that the compounds were part of a selectively induced cancer cell line apoptosisprocess.Conclusion: Curcumin, PGV-0 and PGV-1 could inhibit cell growth by induce apoptosis on cancer cells but not on normal cells, which PGV-1 hasstrongest apoptosis induction effect on cancer cell lines.Keywords: Curcumin and analogs, Apoptosis, Cancer cell lines.
SYNTHESIS OF ARYL (5-SUBSTITUTED BENZOFURAN-2-YL) CARBAMATE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Budhwani Shankar N. , Sharma Shailendra , Kalyane Navanath
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Benzofurans are very interesting heterocycles, which are available in nature and show a wide range of pharmacological activities, viz.,antifungal, antibacterial, antitumor, antimalarial and antioxidant activity.Methods: A convenient method for the preparation of aryl (5-substituted benzofuran-2-yl) carbamate derivatives 6a-6j has been developed. Thetarget compounds 1-(5-nitrobenzofuran-2-yl)-3-arylurea (6a-6e) and 1-(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)-3arylurea (6f-6j) have been prepared by reacting5-nitrobenzofuran-2-carbonyl azide 5a or 5-bromobenzofuran-2-carbonyl azide 5b with substituted phenols in reasonable overall yields. Allthe synthesized compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR and mass spectrometry and were subjected toantimicrobial screening against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichiacoli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using two-fold dilution method.Results and Discussion: All the values of FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectra were found to be prominent. The results indicate that synthesized compound6i showed potent antimicrobial activity comparable to standard.Conclusion: The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, and antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds were reported.Keywords: Benzofuran, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity.
MUTATIONS IN THE RPOB GENE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IDENTIFIED BY SEQUENCING METHOD
Authors: Ramalingam Sureshbabu , Murali Lakshmi , M Palaniswamy
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify the mutation in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), using by sequencing method from pulmonary specimensof presumptive TB patients belonging to the districts of Tamil Nadu.Methods: A total of 8697 clinical specimens of presumptive MTB patients were collected from various districts of Tamil Nadu. Smear microscopy wasperformed by light emitting diode fluorescent microscopy and all the smear positive samples were tested using line probe assay (LPA) to detect thepercentage of drug resistance pattern and to identify the missing mutation in LPA by the sequencing method.Results: Among 4897 smear positives subjected to LPA method; 407 (8.3%) MTB was not detected and 16 (0.3%) showed invalid result; 4473 (91.4%)strains showed MTB positive; 3695 (82.6%) were sensitive for both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) drugs; 502 (11.2%) were resistance for INH;73 (1.6%) resistant for RIF; 203 (4.5%) were resistance for RIF and INH. Totally, 52 (1.2%) strains results cannot be confirmed by LPA and reportedas sensitive for RIF, because of the faint and the missing bands in both wild type and mutation. These strains were sequenced and 39 (75%) strainsshowed resistant to RIF.Conclusion: Hence LPA may be the molecular technology for the rapid, feasible and reliable method for the detection of multidrug resistant mutationbut few confusion bands cannot be reported as resistance, which should be confirmed by either conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testingor by sequencing method.Keywords: Line probe assay, Sequencing, Mutation, Multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
EFFECT OF CE3+ METAL IONS ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY COPRECIPITATION METHOD
Authors: C Theivarasu , Thangavelu Indumathi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was undertaken to know about the antibacterial and anticancer activity of synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs).Methods: The ZnO NPs and different concentration of Ce3+ (0.05M, 0.10M, and 0.15M)-doped ZnO NPs were synthesized by coprecipitation method.The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HRSEM. The antibacterial studies were performed against a set ofbacterial strains as Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Shigella dysenteriae) bacteria. The cytotoxic effect of ZnO and Ce-doped ZnO was analyzed incultured (A549) human lung cancer cell line.Result: The XRD studies showed the wurtzite structure of nanoparticles. HRSEM analysis showed the spherical shape of ZnO and Ce-doped ZnO. TheZn0.85Ce0.15O NPs possessed more antibacterial effect as compared to the other ZnO and Ce-doped ZnO NPs. The Zn0.90Ce0.10O NPs created the highestcytotoxicity activity. With respect to cell death, as low a concentration of 68±0.05 μg/ml of Zn0.90Ce0.10O NPs was good enough to cause loss of viabilityof 50% of the cell as compared to ZnO and Zn1-xCexO (x=0.05 and 0.15) NPs.Conclusion: Results from this work concluded that Zn0.85Ce0.15O and Zn0.90Ce0.10O NPs possess antibacterial and anticancer activity, respectively.Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Coprecipitation method, Antibacterial activity and anticancer activity, Human lung cancer cell line.
REVERSED PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, PARACETAMOL AND MEFENAMIC ACID IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: R Rao Janhavi , Khadge Esha , Yadav Savita
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographicmethod for simultaneous estimation of dicyclomine hydrochloride, paracetamol, and mefenamic acid from multicomponent tablet dosage form.Methods: The optimized chromatographic separation was achieved using a stationary phase of hypersil gold ODS- C18 (250 × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μmparticle size) column and mobile phase of acetonitrile: Methanol: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH adjusted to 4.5 with orthophosphoricacid (OPA) in the ratio of 50: 30: 20 (v/v/v) with a flow rate of 1 mL/minute. The ultraviolet detection was carried out at 260 nm.Results: The retention times of paracetamol, dicyclomine hydrochloride and MEF were found to be 4.2, 6.1 and 3.4 minutes, respectively. The methodwas validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The developed method provided linear responses within the concentration ranges2-12 μg/mL for dicyclomine hydrochloride, 50-300 μg/mL for paracetamol, and 25-150 μg/mL for MEF. The % recovery obtained were found to be99.09-99.44% for dicyclomine hydrochloride, 99.22-99.51% for paracetamol, and 99.49-99.60 for MEF.Conclusion: The proposed method enables rapid quantification and simultaneous analysis of all the drugs from commercial formulations without anyinterference of excipients. Hence, the developed method can be successfully applied for routine analysis of dicyclomine hydrochloride, paracetamol,and MEF in their combined tablet formulation.Keywords: Dicyclomine hydrochloride, Paracetamol, Mefenamic acid, High performance liquid chromatography
ASSESSING ANTICOAGULATION SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME PATIENTS MONITORED BY FACTOR II ACTIVITY ASSAY
Authors: Christopher Amy I , Sweet Michelle
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine if monitoring antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients on warfarin by factor II activity assay (FIIAA) would decreasethrombus risk or if elevating international normalized ratio (INR) goal based on FIIAA would increase bleeding risk.Methods: A community hospital retrospective chart review was conducted on anticoagulation clinic APS patients (n=49) over 50 months. Patientswith an APS-associated diagnosis compliant warfarin therapy were included as long as they were at least 18 years of age. Patients were excludedif they were monitored in the clinic for <6 months, became pregnant, or developed cancer during the study period. The primary outcome was todetermine if FIIAA monitoring reduced thrombus risk or increased bleeding risk.Results: No statistical difference in bleeding event, age, comorbidities, or sex was determined between the FIIAA monitored and non-FIIAA monitoredgroup. Thromboembolic events approached statistical significance (p=0.053) in the monitored group. Two of the 3 patients had a subtherapeutic INRand one had additional thrombophilias.Conclusion: Thromboembolic risk was not reduced by FIIAA monitoring in APS patients. INR goal increases based on FIIAA monitoring did notincrease bleeding risk. A larger study may help determine the most appropriate way to monitor APS patients using warfarin.Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome, Factor II activity assay, Warfarin, Thrombosis, Anticoagulation and bleeding.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF LANTANA CAMARA LINN.
Authors: Girish K
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTHerbal drugs are the potential sources of therapeutic aid for the treatment and prevention of number of ailments as recognized very early by Ayurveda,Unani, and traditional folk - medical practitioners. The rich biodiversity of plants makes them a treasure house for obtaining new and novel compoundseither themselves as drugs or lead molecules for drugs with different mechanisms of action. Lantana camara L. belonging to the family Verbenaceaeand universally known as wild or red sage is the most widespread species of the genus. It occurs in most parts of the world as an evergreen notoriousweed species. It is also considered as an ornamental garden plant. It is widely used in different traditional medical practices for treating various healthproblems. Different parts of the plant are used in treating various human ailments. The plant extracts and essential oil of L. camara possess variousbioactivities including antimicrobial activities. The therapeutic potential of the plant is due to the occurrence of many bioactive phytocompounds. Inlast decade, scientists and researchers around the globe have elaborately studied the chemical composition of the whole plant of L. camara as well asits biological activities. This article reviews the antimicrobial activities of L. camara.Keywords: Antimicrobial activities, Essential oils, Nanoparticles, Lantana camara, Solvent extracts.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF COMBINATION THERAPY OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ghori Syed Safiullah , Kapoor Amit
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed at determination of safety and efficacy of combination therapy of dapagliflozin and metformin in the treatment of Type2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study depending on demographic parameters and clinical data of the patients. The primaryefficacy criterion was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after a minimum of 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary efficacy parameters wereHbA1c value after 12 weeks, fasting and 1 hrs postprandial glucose, serum insulin and triglyceride levels, after a standardized meal, all after 12 weeksof treatment. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by the incidence of adverse events reported by patients. Patient visits to the clinical center werescheduled at screening, start of the run-in period.Results: Reductions in levels of postprandial plasma glucose were observed in all the active treatment groups. The reductions in patients receivingmetformin plus dapagliflozin combination therapy were significantly greater (p<0.0001). It was clear that lower postprandial plasma insulin levelsdespite higher postprandial plasma glucose levels suggest decreased β-cell function. Changes in fasting serum insulin observed from baseline to theend of treatment did not differ significantly between metformin plus dapagliflozin combination therapy and metformin monotherapy and showed noconsistent trend.Conclusion: The results from the study suggest that the combination of the drugs was effective in controlling glycemic levels and also were safe. Noserious adverse drug reactions were reported by the patients when used daily once for 6 months.Keywords: Dapagliflozin, Metformin, Postprandial and glycemic.
ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, AND CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA (ROXB. EX DC.) WIGHT AND ARN
Authors: Khatri Savita , Phougat Neetu , Dangi Mehak , Chhillar Anil Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant prospective of Terminalia arjuna (leaves). The most activeextracts were examined for their chemical composition and cytotoxicity.Methods: The antibacterial activity of five different extracts were examined against 8 bacterial strains (5 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative) usingresazurin-based microtiter dilution assay (RMDA) and disk-diffusion assay. The antioxidant potential of five extracts was demonstrated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay. Chemical composition and cytotoxicity were assessed using gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and hemolytic assay, respectively.Results: According to RMDA, the acetone extract (AE) exhibited highest antibacterial activity. The AE showed highest activity against Salmonellaenterica ser. typhi and Bacillus cereus with minimum inhibitory concentration, i.e., 195.31 μg/ml. In DPPH assay, AE showed the highest radicalscavenging activity with inhibition concentration50 23.09 μg/ml. In GC-MS analysis, the principal compound in AE was celidoniol (8.72 %). Accordingto the results of hemolytic assay, the AE showed non-toxic behavior upto 500 μg/ml.Conclusion: The present investigation represents T. arjuna as an incredible herb. The AE was found to possess promising antibacterial and antioxidantproperties.Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Terminalia arjuna, Chemical composition, Cytotoxicity.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METRONIDAZOLE MICROSPHERES-LOADED BIOADHESIVE VAGINAL GEL
Authors: Kalita Banasmita , Saikia Kritika , Kalita Bhupen
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of the present work is to develop and characterize metronidazole microsphere-loaded bioadhesive vaginal gel to ensurelonger residence time at the infection site, providing a favorable release profile for the drug.Methods: Microsphere was prepared by solvent evaporation method in various ratios of metronidazole to poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Physicochemicalevaluation of microspheres includes determination of solubility in simulated vaginal fluid, partition coefficient (n-octanol/citrate phosphatebuffer pH 4.5), particle size distribution, entrapment efficiency, X-ray diffraction, and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Drug excipient compatibility was established by Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Bioadhesive gel wasprepared using Carbopol 934P and HPMC K4M in various concentrations, and methyl paraben was used as a preservative. The pH was adjustedwith triethanolamine which resulted in a translucent gel. The optimized metronidazole microsphere formulation was dispersed into the gel base.Microspheres in gel formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and gelling strength. Ex vivo mucoadhesive strength ofthe gel was determined on goat vaginal mucosa. In vitro drug release study was performed using cellophane membrane.Results: The optimized batch of microsphere F4 (drug-polymer ratio 1:4) showed entrapment efficiency of 72.62±3.66%, solubility of 1.5 mg/ml, andpartition coefficient of 0.12. Particle size of all the formulations was observed below 100 μm. Regular and spherical particles were observed in theSEM photomicrographs. The optimized gel formulation G5 (Carbopol and HPMC at 1: 0.25 ratio) showed viscosity of 7538 cps at 100 RPM, gel strengthrecorded as 35 secobds for a 1000.00 mg load, and spreadability of 4.6 g.cm/seconds. G5 showed 82.4% drug release at 10.0 hrs and mucoadhesivestrength of 6.5±1.2 g.Conclusion: The study results suggest that metronidazole-loaded PCL microsphere in mucoadhesive gel would provide a mean for sustainedtreatment of vaginal infections.Keywords: Microsphere, Metronidazole, Bioadhesive vaginal gel.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. (BABANDOTAN) LEAVES EXTRACT ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS MODEL RAT
Authors: Harfiani Erna , Suci Riri Nurul , Arsianti Ade , Bahtiar Anton , Basah Katrin
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in joints. Ageratum conyzoides L. (Babandotan)leaves are proven to be used in inflammation therapy, yet there is a little data regarding the effects of the leaves on RA. The aim of this study is toinvestigate anti-RA activity of the ethanolic extract of A. conyzoides L. leaves (EEAL) harvested from Bogor, Indonesia, in rats.Methods: The phytochemical screening analysis and thin-layer chromatography were performed to analyze the constituents of the EEAL. This studyused white male Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 6 groups; normal control and negative control groups, both given 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose; the positive control group, given methotrexate suspension (0.05 mg/200 g bw.); the dose variation extract is 40 mg, 80 mg, and 160 mg/200 gbody weight. All the groups were induced with 0.1 ml Complete Freund’s adjuvant on day 1, except normal control group. Some parameters will bemeasured, such as paw edema, levels of leukocyte and lymphocyte, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the number of osteoclastsper mm2.Results: For 21 days the rats have given treated the EEAL in three doses, was showed the decreasing volume of paw edema, levels of blood leukocytesand lymphocytes, concentrations of TNF-α and the number of osteoclasts, compared to the rat model of RA.Conclusion: This study showed that the leaves of A. conyzoides L. harvested from Bogor, Indonesia, have activity as anti-RA in a rat model, in whichflavonoid plays a role in inhibition of chronic inflammatory processes.Keywords: Ageratum conyzoides L. leaves, Anti-rheumatoid arthritis, Complete Freund’s adjuvant, Flavonoids.
TERPENOIDS AS SOURCE OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COMPOUNDS
Authors: Prakash Ved
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTerpenoids accounts for the major class of secondary metabolites produced by plants. It shows defense activity against environmental stress and helpto heal injuries. Medicinal plants are rich in monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, and ceramide. A number oftherapeutic applications such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory activity have been identified. Terpenoids are compoundssimilar to terpenes derived from 5-carbon monomer isoprene units. The review puts and detail insight on different class of compounds isolated fromnatural source from 2000 to 2016 showing anti-inflammatory potential of pharmacologically interesting agent and their mechanism of action.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Mechanism of action, Natural source, Plant, Terpenoid, Bioactive compound.
DOES CLOSED INTRAMEDULLARY INTERLOCKING NAILING IN PATIENTS WITH HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES HAS ADVANTAGES: EVALUATION THROUGH A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Kumar Murari Sai Pavan , Keerthi Nagam Chandra , Bhargav K Anirudh Phani , Reddy Shanthan Palvai
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Intramedullary interlocking nail fixation (IINF) for the fracture shaft humerus (FSH) offers good clinical outcome. Evaluating the functionaloutcome of IINF in FSH and assessing the complications of the technique, time taken for fracture consolidation, and union rates were the objectives.Methods: Adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of diaphyseal fracture of humerus were assessed clinically and radiologically for the functionaloutcome of IINF in FSH. Functional outcome of shoulder and elbow considered together was graded as excellent, moderate, and poor. Daily assessmentwas done along with active physiotherapy. All were followed up at monthly intervals for 6-12 months or till the union of fracture. Radiologicalassessment was done at immediate post-operative period, at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: 30 patients (males n=24, 80%) with a mean(±standard deviation) age of 39(±13.31) years were included. Road traffic accident was thefrequent cause (n=18, 60%). Indirect injury was the cause in 66.66% patients. Middle 1/3rd of shaft of humerus was fractured in 53.33% patients.10 (33.3%) patients each had oblique fracture and transverse fracture, respectively; comminuted fracture was seen in another 26.6% patients. Radialnerve palsy (10%) was the frequent associated injury of the total nine. The overall functional outcome was excellent in 80%, moderate in 16.6%, andpoor in 3.3% patients. Postoperatively, nonunion, superficial infection and shoulder stiffness was seen in one patient each.Conclusion: IIFN is an excellent, least invasive surgical option for FHS with early fracture consolidation and better union rates.Keywords: Fracture shaft humerus, Functional outcome, Intramedullary interlocking nail fixation, Nonunion, Shoulder stiffness, Superficial infection.
HEMOGLOBIN STATUS OF FEMALE MEDICOS IN URBAN AREA AND FACTORS AFFECTING IT: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kumar Drpadmajauday , Kalyanpur Varsha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Estimating the hemoglobin (Hb) status in female medicos through prospective cross-sectional study and assessment of influencing ofcofactors were objectives.Methods: Women medicos who volunteered, consented and met selection criteria were enrolled. Hb level was estimated to diagnose anemia.Relationship with influencing factors was assessed statistically.Result: A total of 100 eligible students were enrolled. Mean age±standard deviation (SD) age of the participants’ was 20.9±3.1 years (17-25 years).Mean±SD Hb was 12.25±1.0189 g% (9.0-16.0 g%). 33 were anemic, and mild anemia (32%) was frequent. There was a history of worm infestation inthree students (3%), who were treated adequately. Nine were on iron supplements of which five were still anemic and were continuing the treatmentby the end of the study. 28 (84.84%) anemic students were not on any iron or hematinic treatment. There was no association between the anemiaand nature of diet, consumption of green leafy vegetables, consumption of coffee/tea after food, smoking/tobacco or alcohol consumption, mother’seducation, socioeconomic status, menstrual factors, and physical exercise. The prevalence of anemia was found to be higher in underweight andoverweight students in comparison to students with normal body mass index.Asymptomatic participants (n=78) outnumbered symptomatic ones(n=22), but without any statistical significance. Easy fatigability (14%), pallor (7%), breathlessness (6%), weakness (9%), and easy bruising (1%)were frequent complaints.Conclusion: Anemia is frequent among women medicos, often underdiagnosed, under-reported, many remaining asymptomatic. Negligence ofmedical students toward their anemic status despite the awareness of consequences of low Hb level is a serious cause of concern.Keywords: Awareness, Hemoglobin, Nutritional anemia, Women medical students.
EFFECT OF ORAL AZITHROMYCIN AND METRONIDAZOLE AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Authors: K Dhivya , K Yogarajan , T S Shanmugarajan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone is the sixthcomplication of diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment that reduces gingival inflammation aids in the control of hyperglycemia. Therefore, thepresent study was designed to determine the effect of treating chronic periodontitis with oral antibiotics azithromycin and metronidazole on the levelof serum glycated hemoglobin in type-II diabetic patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the dental department of a tertiary care hospital for 9 months. Clinical andbiochemistry reports of 90 patients were collected in designed case report forms. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences 17 and Graph Pad Prism 7.0.Results: Significant reduction in all the clinical and dental parameters was comparatively higher in patients who received azithromycin than inpatients who received metronidazole and scaling and root planning alone.Conclusion: Periodontal therapy with oral azithromycin can be employed as a supportive strategy for the management of diabetes mellitus.Henceforth, prevention and control of periodontal disease along with antibiotics must be considered an integral part of glycemic control. However,due to the lesser sample size in this study, further investigations are required to confirm the effect of periodontal therapy on systemic diseases.Keywords: Periodontitis, Azithromycin, Metronidazole, Glycemic control, Diabetes mellitus.
THE CAPABILITY OF BRINE SHRIMP TEST AS A TERATOGENICITY SCREENING SYSTEM
Authors: Lestari Meti Widiya , Soemardji Andreanus A , Fidrianny Irda , Yusuf Ayda T
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The goals of this study were to analyze the capability of brine shrimp test (BST) as a potent teratogenicity screening system on teratogenicagents (methotrexate, captopril, diclofenac, phenytoin, warfarin, and valproic acid).Methods: Artemia cysts were hatched into 1st stage nauplii, then taken and put into seawater medium which contain test substance and kept alive until2nd stage, 3rd stage, and 4th stage, and number of deaths, morphological abnormalities, body length, and retarded of development were observed for each stage.Results: Hatch ability of cysts in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid2.5 mg/ml were significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Nauplii survival in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml were significantly different to control (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalitieswas found in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml, captopril 0.25 mg/ml. Nauplii with retarded development were expressed in methotrexate 0.015 mg/ml,captopril 0.25 mg/ml, diclofenac 0.075 mg/ml, phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml, and valproic acid 2.5 mg/ml. Significant difference in body length was presentedin captopril 0.25 mg/ml, and phenytoin 1.56 mg/ml compared to control (p<0.05).Conclusion: BST can be used as an alternative method of the teratogenic screening test, although not as sensitive teratogenic tests on mammals. Thisscreening method was not suitable for a compound which its chemical characteristic can change the tonicity of the medium.Keywords: Brine shrimp test, Teratogenicity, Methotrexate, Captopril, Diclofenac, Phenytoin, Warfarin, Valproic acid.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SARCOSTEMMA BREVISTIGMA, WIGHT & ARN.
Authors: S M Dhivya , K Kalaichelvi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To explore the phytochemical constituents present in Sarcostemma brevistigma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of secondary metabolites was made by following standard procedures. GC-MS analysis of the plantextracts was performed by using GC-MS equipped with a DB-35MS capillary standard non-polar column and gas chromatograph interfaced to a MassSelective Detector (MS-DSQ-II) with Xcalibur software.Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, aminoacids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, and coumarin. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the ethanolic extract of aerial partof Sarcostemma brevistigma. The most prevailing compound was 14,17 bis(dimethylaminoamino)[3.3]paracyclophan-5,8-diacetonitrile (14.86%).Conclusion: The study concludes that the species Sarcostemma brevistigma is a potential source for bioactive compounds such as esters, alkanes,alcohols, alkenes, amide, amine, phenol, ketone, and so forth. This study justifies the traditional usage of this species.Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Sarcostemma brevistigma, Phytochemical compounds, Medicinal plants.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WILD MUSHROOMS COLLECTED FROM HIMACHAL PRADESH
Authors: Bains Aarti , Tripathi Astha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to elucidate phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of wild mushrooms collectedfrom Himachal Pradesh.Methods: Quantitative analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out using standard methods while 1,1 diphenylpicrylhydrazyl nitric oxide,hydrogen peroxide-free radical scavenging assay were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of selected wild mushrooms. Anti-inflammatorycapacity of samples was evaluated by human red blood cell membrane stabilization and albumin denaturation inhibition method.Results: The results obtained revealed that Pleurotus floridanus showed higher total phenol, flavonoid carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contentsof 61.13±2.3 mg/g, 15.2±1.13 mg/g, 12.42±0.42 μg/g, 17.36±0.40 μg/g, and 14.55±0.58 mg/g. All the species showed antioxidant potential, butP. floridanus proved to be more active while Macrocybe sp. proved to be least one.Conclusion: The mushroom species analyzed have been showed to be good source of phytoconstituents, antioxidants, and also possess antiinflammatoryproperties, thus can be used in the management of oxidative stress-induced disease.Keywords: Wild mushrooms, Scavenging effect, Total phenol, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory.
ENTRE TEORIAS E DOGMAS: OS ANSEIOS SANITÁRIOS POR UM SISTEMA PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE NO BRASIL
BETWEEN THEORIES AND DOGMAS: THE YEARNINGS TOILETS FOR A PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN BRAZIL
Authors: Sturza (UNIJUI/RS) Janaína Machado , Lucion (UNIJUI/RS) Maria Cristina Schneider
Published: April 2017

a década de 1980, movimentos sociais passaram a reivindicar uma saúde pública igualitária e universal no Brasil, que se opusesse ao sistema privatista de medicina até então vigente, que privilegiava métodos curativos e atendia apenas trabalhadores formalmente registrados e seus dependentes. Os anseios sociais foram ouvidos pelo constituinte de 1988 e o Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS] foi criado, sob as diretrizes da descentralização, do atendimento integral e da participação popular, sendo pos-teriormente regulado por legislações como a Lei nº 8.080/90 e a Lei nº 8.142/90. Seguindo este ideário, o presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar, através de um estudo bibliográfico que segue o método hipotético dedutivo, que o SUS deve ser universal, tendo como fundamento políticas públicas que priorizem a redução de riscos e a promoção da saúde, a fim de que o direito social e fundamental à saúde não seja lesado e o próprio sistema possa sustentar-se frente a sua complexidade, atendendo, assim, a concepção ampliada de saúde. Logo, verificou-se que o SUS foi e é um importante avanço social em matéria sanitária, mas que o caráter promocional e preventivo do sistema ainda pode ser fortalecido. Portanto, as políticas públicas são essenciais na consolidação do direito à saúde.
The clinical and serological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in blood and milk serums of lactating cows by IDEXX ELISA test in Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces/Iraq
Authors: Al-Fattli Hams Hussain Hashim
Published: April 2017

Objectives This study was conducted to disclose the specific antibodies against M. bovis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in blood and milk serum samples, with detection of the most prevalent clinical signs in positive cows.Methods In some rural areas of two Iraqi provinces (Wasit and Dhi-Qar), 119 lactating cows were submitted to the clinical examination with obtaining of blood and milk to tested by using the IDEXX ELISA test.Results The overall seroprevalence in blood and milk was (20.16%) and (15.12%), respectively. In Wasit, the prevalence was (22.85%) and (15.71%), while in Dhi-Qar, the prevalence was (16.32%) and (14.28%) in blood and milk, respectively. As well as, marked significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between and within the two study’s provinces and samples. According to clinical examination, a significant rising (P > 0.05) was revealed in respiratory disorders, decreasing in milk production, emaciation, rough hair coat and repetitive reproductive problems, whilst a significant decreasing (P < 0.05) in persistent feces abnormalities, mastitis, lymph nodes enlargement and loss of appetite.Conclusion The study demonstrated, for the first time in Iraq, the efficient of IDEXX ELISA, as a screening test in the detection of bTB in lactating cows by using blood and milk serum samples, and the competence of milk, as sample, in exhibition of infection. Also, the study exposed the high infection rate of bTB in cows of rural areas of Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces.
Formal Concept Analysis with Constraints by EM Operators
Authors: Mao Hua
Published: April 2017

Formal concept analysis is a method of exploratory data analysisthat aims at the extraction of natural cluster from object-attributedata tables. We present a way to add user's background knowledge toformal concept analysis. The type of background knowledge we dealwith relates to relative importance of attributes in the input data.We introduce EM operators which constrain in attributes of formalconcept analysis. The main aim is to make extraction of conceptsfrom the input data more focused by taking into account thebackground knowledge. Particularly, only concepts which arecompatible with the constraint are extracted from data. Therefore,the number of extracted concepts becomes smaller since we leave outnon-interesting concepts. We concentrate on foundational aspectssuch as mathematical feasibility and computational tractability.
Two Nice Determinantal Expressions and A Recurrence Relation for the Apostol--Bernoulli Polynomials
Authors: Qi Feng , Guo Bai-Ni
Published: April 2017

In the paper, the authors establish two nice determinantal expressions and a recurrence relation for the Apostol--Bernoulli polynomials.
On Infinitesimal Projective Transformations of the Tangent Bendle With the Complete Lift of A Finsler Metric
Authors: Bidabad Behroz , MirMorhamad Rezaii Morteza , Zohrehvand Mosayeb
Published: April 2017

Let (M,g) be a Finsler manifold and TM0 its slit tangent bundle with the complete lift metric ~g.In this paper we prove that every infinitesimal complete lift projective transformation on (TM0,~g), is an infinitesimal affine transformation. Moreover, if (M,g) is a Landsberg manifold, then there is a one-to-one correspondence between infinitesimal complete lift projective transformations on (TM0,~g) and infinitesimal affine transformations on (M,g).
IDENTIFIKASI KOMPONEN AKTIF MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN VITEX TRIFOLIA, LINN YANG BERPERAN SEBAGAI PENOLAK SERANGGA TERHADAP CHRYSOMYA SP.
Authors: J.S. Ami Soewandi
Published: April 2017

Dried leaves powder of Vitex trifolia, Linn, is used tradisionally as insect repellent. The activity of the essential oil (isolated from the leaves) and this fractions were studied as a repellent against Chrysomya sp. Fraction E contained a single component and has proven as the most effective to repel Chrysomya sp. According to the spectra of UV, IR, and GC-MS analysis, the single component of fraction E was identified as 4-methyl-1-(methylethy)3-cyclohexnol.
DETEKSI Streptococcus Sp PADA Clarias gariepinus MENGGUNAKAN AMPLIFIED ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri P. Astuti , Warsito R. , Wuryastuti Hastari , H.N. Kamiso
Published: April 2017

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed which detect Streptococcus sp. Twenty Clarian gariepinus at the age of two weeks was soaked in Streptococcus sp. suspension with concentration of 108 bacteria per ml for two hours. Specimens such as blood, mucous, muscles, heart, kidney, liver, intestines and gill were collected, and assayed for the presence of Steptococcus sp. using ELISA. Result of present study showed that ELISA can be applied to detect an isolated Streptococcus sp. from tissues of Clarias gariepinus. Kidney is a primary target organ (predilection). Therefore, the kidney is a specimen of choice for diagnosis approach (es) of Streptococcus sp. infection.
OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN Gn-RH ANTAGONIST TREATED HEIFERS DURING THE PERIOVULATORY PERIOD
Authors: S. Bambang Poernomo
Published: April 2017

It is not clear wheter the turnover of ovaries follicles during the periovulatory period in Gn-RH treated heifers. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that an increase dosage of Gn-RH antagonist influences the follicular development. Six normocyclic black pied heafers was derived into equally two control and treatment groups. The injection of Gn-RH antagonist Antarelix (Eurpeptides, France) and vehicle (mannitol) were performed six times every 12 hours on the day-1, 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Ultrasound examinations of the ovaries can carried out using B-mode scanner and performed every day beginning from day 0. Result of the study suggest all animals showed sign of behaviorial estrous begining around 52 hours after induction of luteolysis. All control animal showed the development of a large (more than eight mm diameter) preovulatory follicle with maximum diameters between 11 and 15 mm and thereafter ovulated. Two of there controls ovulated between days 1 and 2 the remining control heifer showed ovulation between days 2 and 3. Treated animals developed large follicles with maximum diameter between 12 and 17 mm but they did not ovulate. Concerning the number of small (one to less than four mm diameter) and medium (four to eight mm diameter) follicles there were no significantly differences found between control and treated animals. However, Antarelix did not inhibit the development of all follicles. Antarelix also did not inhibit the development fo large follicles but inhibited ovulations.
AKTIVITAS KONTRASEPSI DAN INTERSEPSI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN BENALU Dendrophthoe petandra L PADA MENCIT
Authors: Astika G N
Published: April 2017

It had been reported that leaf of Dendrophthoe petandra contained a flavonol glycoside of which quercetion was its aglycone. In-vitro study in the activity of quercetin indicated that quercetin inhibited the activity of sperm hyaluronidase. So it meant quercetin inhibited sperm penetration into cumulus. Other study proved that quercetin inhibited the activity of cytochrome P-450 III A 4 enzyme which catalyzed the reversible hydroxylation of estradiol-17 into estrone and futher into estriol. The elevation of estradiol serum level disturbed gamete and zygote transport in oviduct causing premature expulsion of zygote into uterus. This research was designed to provide information about the anti-fertility activity of methanolic extract of leaf of Dendrophthoe petandra, focused on its contraceptive and interceptive activity. Virgin female Balc-C mice were used as the test animals. Each study had two group of mice which were treated with 150 mg/30 g and 200 mg/30 g extract respectively. Control group were treated with respective vehicle at 1 ml/30 g. statistical analysis of data (p less than 0.05) concluded that the extract had contraceptive and interceptive activity. According to the criterion given by Lee andChi (1985), this methanolic extract had a priority for further study.
Evaluación cuantitativa del sufrimiento mediante la escala de afecto positivo y negativo (PANAS) en las víctimas del terremoto de Pedernales – Ecuador 2016.
Authors: Troya Altamirano Carlos Alejandro
Published: April 2017

Introducción: El presente trabajo fue desarrollado en un grupo de víctimas del terremoto de abril 2016, que fueron acogidas en la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Colorados. Se empleó una medición del afecto negativo y el afecto positivo, ya que ambos constituyen dos factores del ánimo que aparecen de forma dominante en las evaluaciones de auto-reporte en diversos estudios. Estos factores son predictores de algunos trastornos de salud mental como ansiedad y depresión según las evaluaciones empíricas disponibles.

Objetivo: Identificar el tipo de respuesta afectiva predominante en las víctimas del terremoto de Pedernales – Ecuador (Abril 2016) que fueron albergadas en la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Colorados.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo analítico transversal, mediante el cual se aplicó el instrumento PANAS en la población participante a través de encuestas auto-reportadas. El instrumento PANAS midió la respuesta afectiva para el afecto positivo y negativo en los participantes.

Resultados: Hubo un total de 119 participantes, 63% fueron mujeres, más de la mitad de los participantes fueron solteros; casi la mitad de la población tenía algún grado de instrucción primaria o la había completado, y 10% de la población carecía de instrucción. Las escalas de PANAS mostraron consistencia interna de forma global y cuando se analizó por sexos. El análisis factorial permitió confirmar la presencia de dos componentes de la misma manera que en estudios similares, sin embargo surgió un tercer factor derivado de 4 reactivos del AN. Las mediciones del AN fueron estadísticamente inferiores en la población masculina comparada con las mujeres.

Conclusiones: Los varones obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas de AN en comparación con las mujeres. La escala PANAS es un instrumento consistente para evaluar el afecto en diversas poblaciones. Al aplicarse en una población víctima de un desastre surgió un tercer factor dentro de la dimensión de AN.
Cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar posterior a la infección por chikungunya
Authors: Zambrano Gualiche Pablo Fausto , Villagómez Vélez Karol Katherine , Yuquilema Cunalata Marco Eduardo , Viera Quishpe Diana Belén
Published: April 2017

Resumen

Objetivos

El presente estudio tiene la finalidad de establecer la cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar en pacientes que presentaron la infección de chikungunya, en el Nor-occidente de Pichincha Ecuador.

Métodos: Se establece una muestra a conveniencia de la base de datos del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, con  la escala FACES III se establece la cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar

Resultados: se contactó y visito a treinta persona de la zona del Nor-occidente de Pichincha de los cuales, ocho pertenecen al género masculino (26,7%) y veinte y dos al género femenino (73,3%). Se encontró once de las diez y seis familias del modelo circumplejo propuesto por Olson y sus colaboradores y de acuerdo a su  tipología  27% de las familias se encontraron en rango medio, 33% extremas y un 40% fueron balanceadas

Conclusiones: de acuerdo a cohesión el mayor porcentaje de las familias se encuentran desvinculadas (40%) y con una adaptabilidad caótica que podría suponer una dificultad al momento de afrontar las secuelas derivadas de la  infección por virus de chikungunya.

Palabras clave: chicungunya,  cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar

 

 

Summary

The present study aims to establish family cohesion and adaptability in patients presenting with chikungunya infection in the Northwest of Pichincha Ecuador.

Methods: A convenience sample of the database of the epidemiological surveillance system of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, was established with the FACES III scale establishing family cohesion and adaptability.

Results: a thirty-person from the northwestern area of Pichincha was contacted and visited, of which eight belonged to the male gender (26.7%) and twenty-two the female gender (73.3%). It was found once of the sixteen families of the model proposed by Olson and his collaborators and according to their typology 27% of the families were in the middle range, 33% of extremes and 40% were balanced.

Conclusions: according to the cohesion of the highest percentage of the families, they are unlinked (40%) and with a chaotic adaptability that represented a difficulty when facing the sequelae derived from infection with chikungunya virus.

Keywords: chicungunya, family cohesion and adaptability.