bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Aid in High Thoracic Sympathectomy for Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Lindquist Christer , Fedorcsak Imre , Steig Phillip E.
Published: May 2010

High upper thoracic sympathectomy using microsurgical techniques aided by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic chain is described. Use of the microscope facilitates identification and dissection of the sympathetic chain and minimizes the risk of pleural damage. Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic chain establishes the correct functional level for surgical excision. At the correct level, the threshold for piloerection, sudomotor response, and decrease in blood flow of the ipsilateral hand to electrical stimulation was minimal, and a six-fold increase in stimulus current causing current spread was required to dilate the ipsilateral pupil. After identification of the proper level, surgical excision can be done without risking postoperative Horner's syndrome. Excision of the appropriate ganglia and intervening sympathetic chain with placement of surgical clips on the proximal and distal nerve stumps provides tissue for histological analysis, decreases the opportunity for regeneration, and facilitates localization on postoperative x-rays.
Evaluation of Brain Death Using Transcranial Doppler
Authors: Newell David W. , Grady M. Sean , Sirotta Paul , Winn H. Richard
Published: May 2010

Cerebral blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries were measured using transcranial Doppler in 12 patients with conditions that ultimately resulted in brain death. All patients had sustained closed head injury, gunshot wounds to the head, or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages. When clinical criteria for brain death were met, a characteristic pattern was found with transcranial Doppler. This pattern consisted of reverberating flow, with forward flow in systole and retrograde flow in diastole. When this pattern was seen, there was arrest of cerebral flow, as measured by radionuclide scanning using technetium, in all patients studied. Transcranial Doppler is a useful technique for easily assessing the arrest of the cerebral circulation.
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Venous Drainage into the Superior Sagittal Sinus
Authors: Andrews Brian T. , Dujovny Manuel , Mirchandani Haresh G. , Ausman James I.
Published: May 2010

Ten unfixed human brains were examined under an operating microscope to evaluate the feasibility of reimplanting the parasagittal veins into the superior sagittal sinus. On average, there were 6.5 veins draining the surface of each hemisphere in the anterior frontal region, 3 veins draining each posterior frontal region, 4 veins draining each parietal region, and 1 vein draining each occipital region. The veins were most frequently 0.1 to 1.0 mm in diameter, but were as large as 3.0 mm in the anterior frontal and occipital regions, 3.5 mm in the parietal region, and 5.0 mm in the posterior frontal region. The mean vein length between the superior sagittal sinus and the first lateral attachment was 3.0 to 7.4 mm; individual veins were as long as 30.0 mm. The 20 hemispheres contained a total of 5 veins in the anterior frontal region. 7 veins in the posterior frontal region, and 8 veins in the parietal region that appeared to have an adequate diameter and length for microsurgical reimplantation into the superior sagittal sinus. The superior sagittal sinus had a mean width of 4.3 mm and depth of 3.6 mm in the midanterior frontal region and enlarged to a mean width of 9.9 mm and depth of 6.8 mm in the midoccipital region. In all sites, the sinus appeared to be structurally compatible with vein reimplantation. In 3 cases, veins 2.8 to 4.6 mm in diameter were reimplanted microsurgically into the sinus; in each case, the anastomosis was technically satisfactory and patent. These results support the feasibility of reimplanting parasaggital veins into the superior sagittal sinus for such problems as trauma, tumors, and cortical venous thrombosis. Veins suitable for reimplantation are located primarily in the posterior frontal and parietal regions.
Electrophrenic Respiration in Patients With High Quadriplegia
Authors: Sharkey Paul C. , Halter John A. , Nakajima Keiji
Published: May 2010

After determining that 15 patients with high spinal cord injuries who were permanently apneic had viable phrenic nerves, electrophrenic respiration units were implanted. Thirteen of the patients (86%) achieved full-time respiration and two more achieved half-time respiration. Despite the loss of 8 patients to unrelated problems, 7 now use electrophrenic respiration continuously, one having done so for 16 years. The patient selection criteria, neurophysiological evaluation method, surgical procedure, postoperative care, and methods for diagnosis of system failures are presented. A comparison of the cervical and thoracic procedures is made. The cervical approach is preferred. Complications consisted primarily of equipment failures. For the external components there were several cases of antenna connection and battery connection failures. The implanted receivers failed in 6 cases with an average lifetime of 48 months, ranging from 24 to 108 months. In one case fibrosis around the electrode resulted in failure to stimulate the phrenic nerve effectively. In another case, infection required removal of the system which was reimplanted later and has continued to provide successful ventilation.
Microneurosurgical Treatment of Intracranial Dermoid and Epidermoid Tumors
Authors: Yaşargil M. Gazi , Abernathey Chad D. , Sarioglu Ali ç.
Published: May 2010

Forty-three patients with intracranial, intradural dermoid (8) and epidermoid (35) tumors underwent radical surgical resection utilizing strict microneurosurgical technique. The average age was 37.3 years for the patients with epidermoid tumors and 36.2 years for the patients with dermoid tumors. The male to female ratio was 3:2 for the epidermoid group and 3:1 for the dermoid group. Common clinical presentations included cerebellar dysfunction, cranial nerve impairment, and seizures. Typically, computed tomography scans revealed the epidermoid tumors (30 cases studied) as nonhomogeneous hypodense lesions with irregular borders and without contrast enhancement. The dermoid tumors (7 cases studied) had a similar appearance, but with a wider range of attenuation values. Magnetic resonance imaging findings for the epidermoid tumors (6 cases studied) consisted of increased T1 and increased T2 relaxation times. Supratentorial tumors were excised by the pterional (frontosphenotemporal) approach, mesencephalic tumors by either a supratentorial posterior interhemispheric transtentorial approach or an infratentorial/supracerebellar method, and posterior fossa tumors by either a medially or laterally positioned suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy. One epidermoid tumor and one dermoid tumor were considered to be subtotally resected because of dense adherences left attached to vital structures; the remaining 41 tumors were completely excised. The most frequent complications were aseptic/chemical meningitis and transient cranial nerve palsies. There were no perioperative deaths. Mean follow-up was 5.2 years. Eighty-six percent of patients reported good to excellent results. No patient had experienced symptomatic or radiographic evidence of recurrence. These results suggest that although dermoid and epidermoid tumors tend to cross anatomical boundaries via the subarachnoid system, in the majority of patients tumors can be resected in their entirety with relatively low morbidity by utilizing microneurosurgical techniques.
Multiple Complications from an Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abramson Robert C. , Morawetz Richard B. , Schlitt Michael
Published: May 2010

Intracranial epidermoid and dermoid tumors are unusual benign lesions that are potentially curable. Subtotal removal carries a high incidence of recurrence, plus the rare possibility of carcinomatous degeneration of the remnants. Aseptic meningitis from spillage of cyst contents into the subarachnoid space is frequent after operation and has been reported to occur spontaneously. A case of a patient with a posterior fossa epidermoid cyst presenting with multiple bouts of aseptic meningitis in which squamous cell carcinoma arose in recurrent tumor 5 years after subtotal removal of the benign lesion is described.
Osteoblastic Meningioma of the Fourth Ventricle
Authors: Johnson Mahlon D. , Tulipan Noel , Whetsell William O.
Published: May 2010

Meningiomas of the fourth ventricle are rare neoplasms. Only meningothelial and fibroblastic subtypes, purportedly arising from the tela choroidea, have been described. In this report we describe clinical, neuroradiological and pathological findings in a 52-year-old man with mild hydrocephalus produced by a large, calcified, osteoblastic meningioma of the fourth ventricle.
Primary Spinal Extradural Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Wani M. A. , Taheri S. A. , Babu M. L. , Ahangar G. A. , Wani Haseeni
Published: May 2010

We report a rare case of spinal cord compression caused by a primary extradural hydatid cyst.
The Surgical Anatomy of the Cerebral Sulci
Authors: Harkey H. L. , Al-Mefty O. , Haines D. E. , Smith R. R.
Published: May 2010

Intraventricular and intra-axial lesions can be reached through a transsulcal approach, avoiding the more extensive cerebral tissue damage that may result from a conventional cortical incision. The sulci of five cadaver brains fixed in formalin solution were dissected using the operating microscope. The brains were photographed for surface mapping and x-rays to demonstrate underlying ventricular relationships were taken. The brains were then coronally sectioned to characterize anatomical relationships between sulci and deep brain structures. Three important sulci were identified and thoroughly characterized with respect to surface relationships, average depth, and underlying structures that can be readily approached. Surgical application of these findings is discussed.
Anterior Decompression and Stabilization of the Spine in Malignant Disease
Authors: Moore Anne J. , Uttley David
Published: May 2010

Evidence has accumulated that indicates that laminectomy with or without radiotherapy is not necessarily the best mode of treatment for all cases of spinal cord compression of malignant pathogenesis. Success is limited, and there is a high risk of adverse neurological developments, particularly where there is anterior vertebral collapse. A prospective series of 26 consecutive patients with neurological complications of neoplastic extradural cord compression is described. Anterior decompression followed by stabilization in a single stage procedure was selected as the most appropriate method of treatment for all 26 patients. Various techniques were used in the replacement of the excised vertebral body, including the use of two types of prosthesis created specifically for the purpose. Of the patients who were not ambulatory at the time of surgery, 62% became so postoperatively; 71% of those with intractable pain were pain free after surgery. The postoperative mortality rate was 30%, which reflected the poor condition of the patients; in light of this, the criteria for operative selection are reviewed. Neurological deterioration did not occur in any patient. The method is recommended, for selected patients, for the management of cord compression caused by collapse of the vertebral body. The patient's prospects of restored ability to walk after a single-stage operation are good, and the risk of adverse neurological effects is negligible.
The Role of Postoperative Radiotherapy after Resection of Single Brain Metastases
Authors: DeAngelis Lisa M. , Mandell Lynda R. , Thaler H. Tzvi , Kimmel David W. , Galicich Joseph H. , Fuks Zvi , Posner Jerome B.
Published: May 2010

To assess the value of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) after complete resection of a single brain metastasis we reviewed the records of 98 patients who had elective craniotomy between 1978 and 1985. Seventy-nine patients received postoperative WBRT (Group A) and 19 patients no radiotherapy (RT) (Group B). Neurological relapse was designated as local (i.e., at the site of the original metastasis) or distant (i.e., elsewhere in the brain). Postoperative WBRT significantly prolonged the time to any neurological relapse (P = 0.034) with a 1-year recurrence rate of 22% in Group A and 46% in Group B patients; however, it did not specifically control either local or distant cerebral recurrence. Recurrence of metastatic brain disease was not affected by location of the original lesion; however, meningeal relapse occurred in 38% of cerebellar lesions, but only in 4.7% of supratentorial metastases (P = 0.003). The total radiation dose or fractionation scheme of RT did not affect survival nor time to neurological relapse. The median survival was 20.6 and 14.4 months for Groups A and B, respectively (not statistically different). Forty-eight percent of Group A and 47% of Group B patients survived for 1 year or longer; however, 11% of patients who had received RT and survived 1 year developed severe radiation-induced dementia. All patients with radiation-related cerebral damage received hypo-fractionated RT with high daily fractions as commonly designed for rapid palliation of macroscopic brain metastases. Thus, postoperative WBRT may be an important adjunct to complete resection of a single brain metastasis, particularly in patients with limited or no systemic disease who have the potential for long-term survival or even cure, but it carries a substantial risk of late neurological toxicity when hypofractionated RT schedules are used. For these good-risk patients, postoperative WBRT should be administered by standard fractionation schemes of 180 to 200 cGy/day to a total of 4000 to 4500 cGy, or hyperfractionation, which provides even lower doses/fraction to minimize potential neurotoxicity while delivering a maximally efficacious total dose, should be considered.
Treatment of Recurrent Gliomas with 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea and A-Difluoromethylornithine
Authors: Prados Michael , Rodriguez Luis , Chamberlain Marc , Silver Pamela , Levin Victor
Published: May 2010

Thirty-eight patients with primary recurrent anaplastic gliomas and glioblastomas, were treated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and the polyamine inhibitor A-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). There were 5 brain stem, 1 cerebellar, and 32 supratentorial glioma tumors. All had been treated with surgery (except in the case of 4 brain stem tumors for which biopsies were not obtained) and radiotherapy. Eight patients had received prior chemotherapy. Of the 21 patients with evaluable supratentorial anaplastic gliomas, 2 (9.5%) had a partial response and 10 (47.6%) had stable disease. The median time to tumor progression for the anaplastic gliomas has not been attained yet. However, median survival for these 12 patients was 119 weeks measured from the initiation of chemotherapy. Median survival for the entire anaplastic glioma group of 21 was 56 weeks. Minimal activity was seen against glioblastoma multiforme. The median time to tumor progression was 8 weeks with median survival of 21 weeks. Of the 5 patients with brain stem tumors, 3 are alive with stable disease at 77, 93, and 220 weeks. The combination was well tolerated with doselimiting toxicity being myelosuppression and hearing loss. Further trials are warranted to compare the combination of BCNU and DFMO against BCNU alone in a prospective randomized trial.
Results of Stereotactic Aspiration in 175 Cases of Putaminal Hemorrhage
Authors: Niizuma Hiroshi , Shimizu Yukihiko , Yonemitsu Tsutomu , Nakasato Nobukazu , Suzuki Jiro
Published: May 2010

Believing that improved therapeutic results in cases of intracerebral hematoma might be obtained by minimal invasion of the brain, we used computed tomographic-guided stereotactic aspiration in 175 of 241 patients with putaminal hemorrhage. These patients, who were treated 6 or more hours after onset, had hematomas larger than 8 ml and were unable to raise an arm and/or leg on the affected side. Craniotomy was performed in 15 other patients, most of whom were brought to the hospital with large hematomas within 6 hours of onset. The remaining patients either had mild deficits of consciousness (33 patients) or severe deficits and/or were elderly (18 patients) and were treated conservatively. Thirteen patients (7.4%) showed rebleeding after stereotactic aspiration (6 instances of major and 7 instances of minor rebleeding). Craniotomy and removal of the hematoma were required in three of these patients. Aspiration should be avoided in patients who have a tendency for bleeding, even if mild, because rebleeding occurred in 6 of 23 such patients (26%) in these study. The consciousness level improved in 66 patients (38%), was unchanged in 103 patients (59%), and was worse in 6 patients (3%) 1 week postoperatively. Motor function of the arm improved in 55 patients (31%) and was worse in 23 patients (14%). Six months after surgery, the results for the 175 patients who underwent stereotactic aspiration were: 19% excellent, 32% good, 35% fair, 7% poor, 6% dead, and 1% unknown. For the entire series of 241 patients, the results were: 24% excellent, 26% good, 31% fair, 7% poor, 11% dead, and 1% unknown. These results seem to indicate that stereotactic aspiration can play a definite role in the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma.
Anterior Cervical Vertebrectomy and Interbody Fusion for Multi-Level Spondylosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Kojima Tadashi , Waga Shiro , Kubo Yoshichika , Kanamaru Kenji , Shimosaka Shinichi , Shimizu Takeo
Published: May 2010

Multi-level cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are well-documented causes of myelopathy. The choice of surgical procedures remain controversial. Between January 1983 and December 1987, we have performed anterior cervical vertebrectomy in 45 patients with cervical myelopathy caused by multi-level spondylosis and OPLL. They consisted of 19 patients with cervical spondylosis, 12 with OPLL, and 14 with combined lesions of both cervical spondylosis and OPLL. There were 32 men and 13 women. The mean age was 55 years, ranging from 35 to 70 years. In all of our 45 patients, anterior vertebrectomy, discectomy, removal of posterior osteophytes and OPLL, and interbody fusion were done for progressive myelopathy refractory to conservative treatment. In 2 of 45 patients, 5 vertebral bodies were resected; in 3 patients, 4 vertebral bodies were resected; in 12 patients, 3 vertebral bodies were resected, in 19 patients, 2 vertebral bodies were resected; and in 9 patients, 1 vertebral body was resected. Thirty-nine of 45 patients (87%) had good results. Neurological signs did not improve in 5 patients (11%). One patient died because of agranulocytosis secondary to treatment with antibiotics. In conclusion, cervical cord compression caused by lesions located principally in the anterior aspect of the spinal canal may be completely relieved via anterior vertebrectomy, discectomy, removal of the calcified ligament, and fusion.
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Supine and Sitting Positions: Its Effects on Intrathoracic and Intracranial Pressures
Authors: Lodrini Sandro , Montolivo Marcello , Pluchino Franco , Borroni Vittorio
Published: May 2010

The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on central venous and intracranial (ICP) pressures were evaluated in 10 patients with posterior fossa tumors, in both supine and sitting positions. With patients in the supine position, intrathoracic PEEP-dependent venous hypertension was clearly transmitted to the intracranial compartment but without intracranial hypertension. On the contrary, with patients in the sitting position PEEP had no influence in almost half of our patients. In patients with radiological or clinical signs of increased ICP, however, the combination of head flexion and rotation with institution of PEEP caused a dangerous increase in ICP, even when the patients were in the sitting position. The need for early withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid in these patients is stressed.
Intracranial Extradural Pressure Monitoring after Direct Operation on Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Takeuchi Shigekazu , Koike Tetsuo , Sasaki Osamu , Kamada Ken-ichi , Tanaka Ryuichi , Arai Hiroyuki
Published: May 2010

Intracranial extradural pressure (ICP) was monitored by using a miniaturized transducer for an average period of 8 days after direct operation in 55 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Acute stage operation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid were simultaneously performed in most of the patients. In many grade I patients with satisfactory cisternal drainage, ICP was monotonously stable, with faint pressure waves. When the drained fluid volume decreased or drainage was removed, however, ICP was elevated moderately, with associated pressure waves present. There were no A-waves observed in any of the patients. Decreases of mean ICP and disappearance of pressure waves were found 2 to 3 hours after infusion of 200 or 300 ml of 10% glycerol or 20% mannitol in patients without drainage or with an inadequate drain, but were not found in patients with a good drain. In a patient showing diffuse severe vasospasm, a rapid elevation of ICP caused by marked brain edema was observed. In patients with residual aneurysms or incompletely clipped aneurysms, ICP increased immediately after rupture of these aneurysms. The daily mean ICP was higher in patients with a clinically poor condition and/or severe subarachnoid hemorrhage on admission than in those with a good condition and/or mild subarachnoid hemorrhage, in spite of a functional drain. There was a poor outcome in about half of the patients showing maximum daily mean ICP <30 mm Hg or frequent B-waves. No complications caused by ICP monitoring were found. Because of the relatively less invasive methodology lack of complications, good insight into intracranial conditions and prediction of prognosis, intracranial extradural pressure monitoring was considered to be useful in the management of patients following aneurysmal surgery.
Pseudotumor of the Sellar and Parasellar Areas
Authors: Gartman John J. , Powers Stephen K. , Fortune Michael
Published: May 2010

A 54-year-old woman who had symptoms of intermittent meningeal irritation and hypopituitarism was found to have a sellar mass histologically consistent with pseudotumor. The lesion appears to have originated in the sphenoid sinus and subsequently to have spread intracranially, causing bony erosion. To our knowledge, this is the first description of pseudotumor occurring as a sellar mass.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cases of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Isu Toyohiko , Iwasaki Yoshinobu , Akino Minoru , Koyanagi Izumi , Abe Hiroshi
Published: May 2010

Two patients with spinal dural arteriovenous malformations associated with intramedullary changes confirmed by the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are reported. The characteristics of the MRI findings for these 2 patients were as follows. 1) In the T2-weighted spin-echo image, intramedullary changes observed by MRI were visualized as a high signal intensity area at the level where delay in venous circulation of the spinal cord was revealed by the angiography of the spinal cord. 2) After the obliteration of the arteriovenous shunt by surgical management, intramedullary changes remarkably decreased and disappeared with the disappearance of swelling of the spinal cord observed preoperatively. After that, the atrophy of the spinal cord was shown. 3) The level, extent, and severity of intramedullary changes remarkably decided by the condition of the level where the radiculospinal vein, as the flowing vein, refluxes into the coronal venous plexus and venous flow occurs through the radiculospinal vein into the epidural veins. We suspect that intramedullary changes shown by the T2-weighted MRI scan chiefly represent edema of the spinal cord, caused by an increase in venous pressure due to venous congestion of the spinal cord. MRI is a very useful diagnostic aid to detect intramedullary changes associated with a spinal dural arteriovenous malformation and to evaluate therapeutic results after surgery.
Colloid Cyst of the Fourth Ventricle: Diagnostic Problems and Pathogenic Considerations
Authors: Jan Michel , Zeze Vincent Ba , Velut Stéphane
Published: May 2010

The authors report the case history of a patient with a colloid cyst of the 4th ventricle. The clinical history of slow intracranial hypertension, homogeneous hyperdensity with contrast enhancement on computed tomographic, scan, and the gelatinous aspect of the cyst at surgery are characteristic of colloid cysts. The diagnosis was made, however, only at the time of histological examination. A common neuroepithelial origin with 3rd ventricle cysts would be explained by similar embryological developments of the prosencephalic and the rhombencephalic roofs.
Exploring positive, negative and context‐dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work
Authors: Belschak Frank D. , Den Hartog Deanne N. , Fay Doris
Published: May 2010

This article is an introduction to the Special Section entitled ‘Exploring positive, negative and context‐dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work’ which features in this issue of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Proactively performing teams: The role of work design, transformational leadership, and team composition
Authors: Williams Helen M. , Parker Sharon K. , Turner Nick
Published: May 2010

This study investigated the determinants of team proactive performance amongst 43 shift teams from a UK chemical processing plant. Using external ratings of team proactive performance, the study found that the most proactive teams were those with higher levels of self‐management, transformational team leaders, and a higher‐than‐average level of proactive personality. The relationship between transformational leadership and team proactive performance was mediated by favourable interpersonal norms. In addition, lower diversity of proactive personality amongst team members had an indirect association with team proactive performance via its negative effect on favourable interpersonal norms.
Enantioselective reactions catalyzed by chiral pyridine 2,6-bis(5',5'-diphenyloxazoline)-metal complexes
Authors: Singh Pradeep K. , Singh Vinod K.
Published: May 2010

A new class of tridentate pyridine-bis(oxazoline) ligand having gem-diphenyl groups at C5 of the oxazoline rings has been developed. Its metal complex exhibited high catalytic efficiency in asymmetric synthesis. We have shown that gem-diphenyl groups at C5 of the oxazoline rings are essential for getting high enantiomeric excess.
Imagination and Layered Ontology in Greek Mathematics
Authors: Netz Reviel
Published: May 2010

This essay is a study in the routine use of imagination in Greek mathematical writings. By "routine" is meant both that this use is indeed very common, and that it is ultimately mundane. No flights of fancy, no poetical-like imaginative licenses are at stake. The issue rather is the systematic use made of the ability to imagine a virtual presence, and to refer to this virtual presence as if it were on equal footing with the real. This process is not merely routine in Greek mathematics: it may well be considered one of its chief characteristics. In this essay, I describe some features of this practice in detail, and then briefly offer some interpretative comments on the history and philosophy of this practice. The emphasis, however, is on the description, and I concentrate mainly on one key element—the use of the Greek verb noein . Thus the structure of the essay is as follows: part 1 is an analysis of noein in Greek mathematical writings; part 2 is a less-detailed description of other practices of Greek mathematics that involve "imagination" or, in general, a "layered" reality; and part 3 is a tentative interpretation.
Bernhard Riemann's Conceptual Mathematics and the Idea of Space
Authors: Plotnitsky Arkady
Published: May 2010

This essay explores the power and fertility of mathematical imagination, as they are manifest in the thought of a nineteenth-century German mathematician Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866), one of the greatest and most imaginative mathematicians who ever lived. Riemann introduced radically new ideas in every main field of modern mathematics: algebra, analysis, geometry, and topology. These ideas transformed each of these fields and played major roles in making mathematics into what it is now. The essay considers in particular two interrelated aspects of Riemann's work: the first is his concept of "manifold(ness)," which transformed our mathematical, physical, and philosophical understanding of spatiality; and the second is the conceptual character of Riemann's mathematical thinking as responsible for the radical nature of his ideas, such as those concerning spatiality and/as manifoldness. The essay also addresses, in closing, some of the implications of Riemann's ideas for modern physics, most especially for Albert Einstein's general relativity—his non-Newtonian theory of gravitation.
The Disappearance and Reappearance of Exetasis
Authors: Mirhady David C.
Published: May 2010

Exetasis réapparaît dans les Rhetorica ad Alexandrum comme un genre de rhétorique, alors qu'elle avait quasiment disparu, après L'Apologie de Socrate de Platon. Sa disparition résulta peut-être du fait qu'on l'avait identifiée à la dialectique socratique et elle réapparut à un moment où les attaques ad hominem entre rivaux politiques ainsi que des modifications en matière de législation apportèrent des changements dans la terminologie légale.
Οὐκ ἐλ ττω παραδώϲω τὴν πατρίδα: The Ephebic Oath and the Oath of Plataia In Fourth-Century Athens
Authors: Kellogg Danielle
Published: May 2010

Les Athéniens avaient probablement établi un lien entre le Serment des Éphèbes et le Serment de Platées puisqu'ils ont gravé ces deux textes sur la même stèle. Une étude de leur contexte historique et de l'importance croissante accordée au document écrit durant le IVe siècle à Athènes nous porte à croire que l'origine de ce lien se situe dans leur valeur d'exhortation. Ils s'adressaient en effet aux jeunes Athéniens sur le point d'entrer dans la vie de la polis et d'entreprendre leur service militaire.
Commemorating Freedom: I.Metropolis and the Restoration of Freedom
Authors: Snowdon Michael
Published: May 2010

Étude de la décision prise par le démos de la ville ionienne de Métropolis de commémorer le rétablissement de sa liberté par les Romains en 133 av. J.-C. Par la remise en contexte du document ( I.Metropolis , Hauptseite) dans le cadre du discours hellénistique de la liberté, il nous semble que les Métropolitains faisaient référence à un sens atavique de la liberté de la polis. Ce sens éclaire notre compréhension des relations entre états grecs et romain par le rôle que jouait la liberté dans les communications entre Rome et l'Orient hellénique au IIe et Ier siècles av. J.-C.
Lavinia as Coauthor of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus
Authors: Packard Bethany
Published: May 2010

This article stresses the collaborative circumstances of Lavinia's production in order to identify the character's particular disruptive and creative agency within Titus Andronicus . Lavinia functions as a coauthor, intervening in and utilizing Rome's abundant tales. Shakespeare's character does not reiterate the Lucretian stories of suicide and sacrifice that fill the play. Rape does not abject her, but rather forcibly removes her from Titus's tale of purity. Through her survival, Lavinia makes the collapsing narrative strategies of the Andronici and the Goths impossible to ignore. She serves to incorporate others in a collaborative tale that highlights the play's inherently hybrid narratives.
The Roman Actor , Metadrama, Authority, and the Audience
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: May 2010

Early modern debate about the legitimacy of theater concerns the question of the author's authority in relation to that of the licensing authorities and their informers. Here the fear of misinterpretation generates a self-conscious metadrama, which expresses the ambiguity of authority in dramatic structures that aim to manipulate audiences' responses. Moreover, this metadrama acknowledges theater's own potential for complicity in social control and is often concerned with the interchangeability of authority figures, informers, and author-actors. These tensions and interconnections are embodied in the metadramatic representations of the tyrannous court of Caesar in Philip Massinger's The Roman Actor .
King-Commoner Encounters in the Popular Ballad, Elizabethan Drama, and Shakespeare
Authors: Smith Rochelle
Published: May 2010

The chance encounter between king and commoner was a popular subject in the comic history plays of the 1590s. In the ballad tradition, however, this motif dates back at least to the mid-fifteenth century. This essay will analyze the king-commoner motif in the ballad tradition, then look at the idealized versions in the comic history plays of the 1590s, and finally examine Shakespeare's use of this motif in 1 Henry IV, Henry V , and As You Like It . I argue that Shakespeare's cross-class encounters belong to a popular tradition that satirizes and subverts conventional assumptions about social class distinctions.
The Garter Motto in The Merry Wives of Windsor
Authors: Hunt Maurice
Published: May 2010

The famous motto of the English Order of the Knights of the Garter-" Honi soit quit mal y pense " ("Shame come to him that euill thinketh")-appears in the midst of the last scene of Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor . Surprisingly, claims that Falstaff and Francis Ford illustrate the Garter motto's distributive dynamics amount to no more than passing accounts in articles on other topics. No one in an essay exclusively devoted to the subject has shown the relevance of the motto's thought for other characters' words and deeds and for the play as a whole. This is the argument of the present essay, especially with reference to Windsorite George Page.
Securing Sleep in Hamlet
Authors: Totaro Rebecca
Published: May 2010

In the first words that Hamlet speaks to Horatio after Claudius rises from his seat and Polonius calls for the lights, ending The Mousetrap , Hamlet pairs "sleep" and "watch" in an unusual rhyme that is difficult to decipher (III.ii.265-8). When we restring the early modern web of meaning that held sleep and watch as opposites bound together in the maintenance of civil, bodily, and spiritual health, the terms emerge together as a pair that has the potential to illuminate both Hamlet's rhyme at act III, scene ii and his behavior with respect to the ghost.
Nutritional recovery with rice bran did not modify energy balance and leptin and insulin levels
Authors: Martins Maria Salete F. , Oyama Lila M. , Latorraca Marcia Q. , Gomes-da-Silva Maria Helena G. , Nascimento Claudia M. O.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nutritional recovery with rice bran on energy balance, leptin and insulin levels. METHODS: Weaned Wistar rats were fed on a 17% (Control - C) or 0.5% (Aproteic - A) protein diet for 12d. After this, rats were kept on a C diet (C) or recovered with control (Recovered Control - RC) or control plus recovered rice bran diet (Recovered Rice Bran - RRB). RESULTS: Despite the increased food intake, group A exhibited lower carcass fat associated to low serum leptin. RRB and RC groups showed lower carcass weight and energy intake and expenditure. Energy expenditure was positively associated with food intake and carcass weight. Negative correlations between HOMA-IR and energy expenditure and energy intake were observed. CONCLUSION: Nutritional recovery with rice bran did not modify energy balance, leptin and insulin levels.
Leiomiossarcoma primário da glândula tireoide
Authors: Bertelli Antonio Augusto T. , Massarollo Luiz Cláudio Bosco , Volpi Erivelto Martinho , Ueda Rubens Yassuzo Ykko , Barreto Elci
Published: May 2010

Aproximadamente 15% a 20% dos sarcomas ocorrem na região da cabeça e pescoço, 80% em adultos, sendo apenas 0,014% leiomiossarcomas primários de tireoide. Existem apenas 16 casos relatados no mundo, dos quais não há nenhum em nosso meio. São tumores com diagnóstico citológico pré-operatório difícil e podem ser confundidos com outras lesões mais comuns da tireoide, como carcinomas anaplásicos e medulares. O tratamento ideal ainda não está bem definido, visto que o prognóstico é ruim e a cirurgia radical associada à quimioterapia e à radioterapia adjuvantes não demonstra melhora nas taxas de recorrência e sobrevida. Relatou-se um caso de leiomiossarcoma primário da glândula tireoide em um paciente jovem, submetido a tireoidectomia total e esvaziamento cervical, associado à radioterapia adjuvante e realizou-se uma extensa revisão da literatura existente sobre o tema. Houve boa evolução pós-operatória, sem sinais de recidiva após quatro anos de seguimento.
46,XY and 45,X/46,XY testicular dysgenesis: similar gonadal and genital phenotype, different prognosis
Authors: Andrade Juliana Gabriel Ribeiro de , Guerra-Júnior Gil , Maciel-Guerra Andréa Trevas
Published: May 2010

The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.
Ensaios de variedades de girassol
Authors: Sousa O. Ferreira de , Canecchio Filho V. , Abramides Eduardo
Published: May 2010

Apesar de pouco difundida em São Paulo a cultura do girassol, resolveu-se executar um programa de ensaios regionais de variedades a fim de se determinar o seu comportamento em algumas regiões do Estado. Assim foram realizados oito ensaios, agrupados em três séries, nas estações experimentais de Ribeirão Prêto, Pindorama e Mococa, durante os anos de 1947 a 1949. A análise dos resultados indicou como mais produtivas as variedades Riscado, La Estanzuela n.° 53, Línea-16, Línea-30 e Sei. Fischer-100, esta última incluída apenas nos ensaios da terceira série.
Taxonomia de Coffea arabica L. VI: caracteres morfológicos dos haplóides
Authors: Carvalho A.
Published: May 2010

No decorrer dos trabalhos de melhoramento do café em execução no Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, plantas haplóides foram encontradas nas variedades typica, bourbon, maragogipe, semperflorens, laurina, erecta, caturra e San Ramon, da espécie Coffea arabica. Todos os haplóides apresentam porte menor e fôlhas mais estreitas e mais finas do que as variedades que lhes deram origem. Apesar de as flores serem completas, nota-se esterilidade muito acentuada. Raramente se formam alguns frutos, e êstes são providos de uma única semente, motivo pelo qual as plantas haplóides são denominadas "monosperma". Os fatôres genéticos dominantes maragogipe (Mg), erecta (Er), caturra (Ct) e San Ramon, bem como os gens recessivos semperflorens (sf), e laurina (lr), das variedades estudadas, manifestam-se nas plantas haplóides, de modo semelhante ao que ocorre nas plantas diplóides correspondentes. O fator para coloração bronze dos brotos novos tem dominância incompleta e, na condição heterozigota (Brbr), mostra intensidade intermediária de côr. Nas plantas haplóides contendo um só alelo Br, a côr dos brotos novos é bronze-clara. Uma única dose do fator Na, que também apresenta dominância incompleta, dando, na forma heterozigota (Nana) e na presença de tt, o fenótipo conhecido por murta, manifesta-se, na forma haplóide, dando plantas semelhantes às homozigotas ttNaNa, apenas com fôlhas mais estreitas e mais finas. Chamou-se atenção para as linhas puras de café obtidas pela duplicação do número de cromosômios dos haplóides e sua aplicação nos ensaios de linhagens e na determinação das taxas de mutação. As observações realizadas na meiose da espécie C. arabica, bem como os dados das análises genéticas e as observações feitas nesses haplóides parecem indicar que, se essa espécie fôr alotetraplóide, tal origem deve ser bem antiga, comportando-se hoje a espécie C. arábica, como um diplóide normal. As plantas monosperma, bem como as plantas bullata, podem ser encontradas em qualquer variedade de café, motivo por que não devem ser consideradas como variedades, mas, apenas, como haplóides ou poliplóides das variedades de que se originaram.
Análise de um programa municipal de prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino
Authors: Soares Maurícia Brochado Oliveira , Silva Sueli Riul da
Published: May 2010

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório com objetivo de analisar o programa de prevenção do câncer cérvico uterino no município de Igarapava/SP. No ano de 2006, a rede pública municipal realizou uma cobertura de 14,9% da população feminina na faixa etária de 25 a 59 anos, metade da razão mínima esperada para os municípios, sendo a faixa etária predominante das coletas de 20 a 34 anos (43,2%). Um total de 6,3% não compareceu no serviço de saúde a fim de receber o resultado. Quanto aos resultados das coletas, 51.6% (774) estavam dentro dos limites de normalidade e 47,9% (719) apresentaram alguma alteração, sendo 0,1% compatível com NIC II e III.
Hospitalidade como expressão do cuidado em enfermagem
Authors: Barra Daniela Couto Carvalho , Waterkemper Roberta , Kempfer Silvana Silveira , Carraro Telma Elisa , Radünz Vera
Published: May 2010

Pesquisa qualitativa com objetivo de refletir e discutir a relação existente entre hospitalidade, cuidado e enfermagem sob o olhar e experiências de um grupo de pós-graduandas através do referencial da Hospitalidade enquanto cuidado em Enfermagem. Foram realizados dois encontros teórico-práticos, no segundo semestre de 2008, na disciplina "O cuidado em Enfermagem e Saúde" do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, de uma universidade federal do Sul do Brasil. Na coleta de dados aplicou-se um instrumento semi-estruturado e para análise dos dados a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. No total participaram dez pós-graduandas. A Hospitalidade é imperativa para a adaptação dos indivíduos no contexto hospitalar ou em qualquer área onde se realiza atendimento à saúde.
Desenvolvendo competências profissionais dos enfermeiros em serviço
Authors: Kobayashi Rika Miyahara , Leite Maria Madalena Januário
Published: May 2010

Esta pesquisa-ação objetivou descrever sobre a construção e implantação do programa de desenvolvimento de competências profissionais de grupos de enfermeiros em serviço e identificar suas contribuições em hospital público cardiológico de São Paulo, em 2007. Pelo diagnóstico situacional constituiu-se os grupos de estudos da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, Auditoria, Indicadores, Avaliação e Terapêutica de Feridas e Educação em Enfermagem que elaboravam relatórios bimestrais de onde os dados foram coletados. Como resultados, as competências desenvolvidas foram saber agir; mobilizar recursos, aprender, comprometer-se, assumir responsabilidades, ter visão estratégica e comunicar-se. As contribuições envolveram o desenvolvimento de competências, agregação de valores sociais e econômicos, contribuições no ensino e pesquisa e alcance de objetivos determinados, apontando ser possível construir competências profissionais em serviço.
Políticas públicas para a saúde do idoso: revisão sistemática
Authors: Camacho Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal , Coelho Maria José
Published: May 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o desenvolvimento dos programas de saúde do idoso com base nas referências contidas nas principais bases de dados. Estudo de revisão sistemática de natureza quanti-qualitativa no período de 01/09/08 à 30/09/08 nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Para análise das informações foi realizada a organização do conteúdo quanto ao ano, tipo de publicação e métodos/técnicas, essência do conteúdo e produção do conhecimento, base de dados, recomendações dos autores. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas voltadas para a divulgação e resultados das políticas de saúde e o seu conhecimento pelos profissionais de saúde que cuidam de idosos sendo necessário um direcionamento e capacitação específica.
Vírus HPV e câncer de colo de útero
Authors: Nakagawa Janete Tamani Tomiyoshi , Schirmer Janine , Barbieri Márcia
Published: May 2010

Este artigo refere-se a uma revisão de literatura sobre o vírus HPV e câncer de colo de útero, com o objetivo de levantar aspectos da infecção do vírus que influenciam no curso natural do câncer de colo de útero tais como: a tipologia do vírus, a duração e a persistência da infecção além de associar com as manifestações das lesões precursoras até a evolução da neoplasia. Foi possível constatar a forte associação da infecção com a evolução da neoplasia cervical, no entanto, ainda são necessários estudos que elucidem melhor certos aspectos da infecção do vírus HPV que agem sobre o colo do útero para que as ações de prevenção e combate a doença sejam mais eficazes.
Distribuição, dominância e estrutura de tamanhos da assembleia de peixes da lagoa Mangueira, sul do Brasil
Authors: Artioli Luiz G. S , Vieira João P , Garcia Alexandre M , Bemvenuti Marlise de A
Published: May 2010

Este estudo apresenta a composição de espécies, os padrões de distribuição e dominância, e a estrutura de tamanhos da assembleia de peixes em diferentes unidades de hábitat (zonas litoral, profunda e limnética costeira) da lagoa Mangueira, no extremo sul do Brasil. As amostras foram obtidas no norte, centro e sul da lagoa, entre os anos de 2001 e 2007 utilizando-se de diversos amostradores (rede de emalhe, tarrafa, rede de arrasto de praia, puçá e rede de arrasto de fundo). Um total de 52 espécies foi identificado, 46 na zona litoral, 33 na limnética costeira e 26 na profunda, distribuídas em 17 famílias, das quais, Characidae, Cichlidae, Loricariidae e Atherinopsidae foram as mais diversas. As espécies dominantes somaram 91,1 %, 92,9 % e 82,7 % dos indivíduos capturados nas zonas litoral, profunda e limnética costeira respectivamente. A zona litoral é constituída de pequenos peixes, quase 70 % entre 25 e 50 mm de comprimento. Os padrões de dominância mostraram que, nesta zona, 19,5 % das espécies foram dominantes, embora quatro dessas também predominaram nas demais zonas. Na zona profunda, 7,6 % das espécies capturadas foram dominantes, com tamanhos semelhantes aos da zona litoral. Para as demais espécies, os tamanhos se assemelham aos da zona limnética costeira. A zona limnética costeira é constituída de peixes de maior porte, a maioria entre 150 e 200 mm de comprimento total, tais como os grandes caracídeos, o birú e os peixes-rei. Observou-se uma maior diferença na composição de espécies entre as zonas litoral e limnética costeira, com as espécies Jenynsia multidentata, Bryconamericus iheringii, Hyphessobrycon luetkenii e Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys dominando exclusivamente no litoral, e as espécies Oligosarcus jenynsii, Cyphocharax voga, Odontesthes perugiae e Astyanax fasciatus dominando exclusivamente a zona limnética costeira. A zona litoral apresentou diferenças na composição e dominância das espécies entre as porções norte e sul da lagoa. As 52 espécies registradas neste estudo representam uma alta riqueza de peixes na lagoa Mangueira, sobretudo quando comparada a outras lagoas costeiras do RS. Padrões diferenciados de composição e abundância de espécies parecem refletir características distintas dos habitats litorâneos amostrados.