bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Green Possibilities Can Help in a Future Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Europe
Authors: Di Turo Francesca , Medeghini Laura
Published: March 2021

We are moving towards a future that must be more sustainable in several aspects of society. Culture and cultural heritage have been recognized as indispensable parts of the sustainable growth of society, and the conservation model implemented in Europe has been considered as an example to follow at the economic, environmental, and social levels. The achievement of excellent results and the development of new technologies for the conservation of cultural heritage have highlighted the fundamental need for a method of sustainable conservation. In this commentary paper, we discuss two aspects that can contribute to sustainability in the future of conservation science: the use of innovative chemical products and the monitoring of outdoor sites by means of the forecast of the impact of dangerous factors on artistic surfaces. We are focusing mainly on the material aspect of cultural assets and how hard science can help in sustainable conservation. Even if the concept of sustainability has an ever-growing presence in our society, and different approaches have been given in different fields, it is still difficult to come up with a specific definition that can include the various hues of the world of cultural heritage conservation. The case studies presented in this paper are related to the European area and the advancements made for the sustainable preservation of such heritage. Considering the results obtained from both the chemical and the forecast side, we will try to summarize concisely the tasks that must be achieved in order to indicate as sustainable an approach to diagnostics for cultural heritage, including both the trans-disciplinary features of cultural heritage science and the scientific conservation of materials.
A Study on Types of Leisure Index Based on National Leisure Activities Survey 2019 in Korea
Authors: Kim Jongsoon , Oh Saesook , Yeon Boonhong
Published: March 2021

This study investigated differences in main purposes of leisure activities, leisure constraints, and the quality of life among segmented clusters based on leisure condition index, leisure resource index, and leisure attitude index utilizing Korean Better Leisure Index (K-BLI). Characteristics of each cluster were aggregated for profiling using data from the ⎡National Leisure Activity Survey 2019⎦ in Korea. Results of this study provide room for debate and response regarding leisure experience and sustainability of recreation service in local community based on characteristics of each cluster. This study semanticized adults living in Gyeonggi-do having the highest population density in Korea by conducting K-means clustering. This study segmented subjects into three clusters. Characteristics of each cluster were determined and t-test was conducted to determine associations among the main purpose of leisure activities, leisure constraints, and quality of life. As a result, adults living in Gyeonggi-do were divided into “dissatisfaction with leisure resource”, “dissatisfaction with the quality of life”, and “sensitive to the leisure constraints” clusters. Their desire for improvement for quality of life and leisure activity were definitely clear. This means that results of this study through segmentation based on leisure index are meaningful as baseline data to suggest an actual policy plan.
Lane Allocation Optimization in Container Seaport Gate System Considering Carbon Emissions
Authors: Jin Zhihong , Lin Xin , Zang Linlin , Liu Weiwei , Xiao Xisheng
Published: March 2021

Long queues of arrival trucks are a common problem in seaports, and thus, carbon emissions generated from trucks in the queue cause environmental pollution. In order to relieve gate congestion and reduce carbon emissions, this paper proposes a lane allocation framework combining the truck appointment system (TAS) for four types of trucks. Based on the distribution of arrival times obtained from the TAS, lane allocation decisions in each appointment period are determined in order to minimize the total cost, including the operation cost and carbon emissions cost. The resultant optimization model is a non-linear fractional integer program. This model was firstly transformed to an equivalent integer program with bilinear constraints. Then, an improved branch-and-bound algorithm was designed, which includes further transforming the program into a linear program using the McCormick approximation method and iteratively generating a tighter outer approximation along the branch-and-bound procedure. Numerical studies confirmed the validity of the proposed model and algorithm, while demonstrating that the lane allocation decisions could significantly reduce carbon emissions and operation costs.
Simulation Study on Indoor Air Distribution and Indoor Humidity Distribution of Three Ventilation Patterns Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Ryu Yuji
Published: March 2021

Due to recent industrial developments and the COVID-19 pandemic, people are spending more time indoors. Consequently, many researchers have focused on the indoor environment, and indoor air quality is considered more important for human health. Improving indoor air quality depends on effective ventilation and reasonable air distribution. In an air-conditioned room, the form of airflow organization affects air quality, so air distribution is an important aspect of air-conditioning system design. In this study, we used Airpak software by Fluent to perform numerical calculations on the indoor humidity calculation model and study the effects of different ventilation methods on indoor temperature and humidity distribution. The Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equation and the RNG (Re-Normalisation Group) k-epsilon model were used to predict the airflow pattern in a room, the effects of ventilation on the dew rate, the effects of different ventilation methods, and the effect of indoor wall condensation. The results of the simulation showed that the ventilation mode significantly affected the distribution of condensation on the indoor wall surface.
What Is the Size and Shape of a Wave Packet?
Authors: Schulman Larry S.
Published: March 2021

Under pure quantum evolution, for a wave packet that diffuses (like a Gaussian), scattering can cause localization. Other forms of the wave function, spreading more rapidly than a Gaussian, are unlikely to localize.
Potency Testing of Venoms and Antivenoms in Embryonated Eggs: An Ethical Alternative to Animal Testing
Authors: Verity Erin E. , Stewart Kathy , Vandenberg Kirsten , Ong Chi , Rockman Steven
Published: March 2021

Venoms are complex mixtures of biologically active molecules that impact multiple physiological systems. Manufacture of antivenoms (AVs) therefore requires potency testing using in vivo models to ensure AV efficacy. As part of ongoing research to replace small animals as the standard model for AV potency testing, we developed an alternate in vivo method using the embryonated egg model (EEM). In this model, the survival of chicken embryos envenomated in ovo is determined prior to 50% gestation, when they are recognized as animals by animal welfare legislation. Embryos were found to be susceptible to a range of snake, spider, and marine venoms. This included funnel-web spider venom for which the only other vertebrate, non-primate animal model is newborn mice. Neutralization of venom with standard AV allowed correlation of AV potency results from the EEM to results from animal assays. Our findings indicate that the EEM provides an alternative, insensate in vivo model for the assessment of AV potency. The EEM may enable reduction or replacement of the use of small animals, as longer-term research that enables the elimination of animal use in potency testing continues.
Spectral Geometry of Black Holes in 4D Gauged Supergravity
Authors: Bargueño P. , Contreras E. , Peña J.M.
Published: March 2021

In this work we show that the area of the event horizon of the Chong–Cvetic–Lu–Pope black hole can be reconstructed in terms of the spectra of the Laplacian on the event horizon. This result, which extends previous works regarding the de Sitter–Kerr–Newman case, points towards a possible description of the black hole degrees of freedom in terms of the spectra of canonical operators defined on the event horizon.
Evaluating the Virucidal Activity of Disinfectants According to European Union Standards
Authors: Tarka Patryk , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta
Published: March 2021

The disinfection of surfaces in medical facilities is an important element of infection control, including the control of viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Preparations used for surface disinfection are typically characterized via their activity against test organisms (i.e., viruses, bacteria and fungi) in the laboratory. Typically, these methods use a suspension of the test organism to assess the bactericidal, fungicidal or virucidal activity of a given preparation. However, such suspension methods do not fully imitate real-life conditions. To address this issue, carrier methods have been developed, in which microorganisms are applied to the surface of a carrier (e.g., stainless steel, glass and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) and then dried. Such methods more accurately reflect the applications in real-life clinical practice. This article summarizes the available methods for assessing the virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants for use in medical facilities based on the current European standards, including the activity against coronaviruses.
Recombination Events Shape the Genomic Evolution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Europe
Authors: Bali Krisztina , Bálint Ádám , Farsang Attila , Marton Szilvia , Nagy Borbála , Kaszab Eszter , Belák Sándor , Palya Vilmos , Bányai Krisztián
Published: March 2021

Infectious bronchitis of chicken is a high morbidity and mortality viral disease affecting the poultry industry worldwide; therefore, a better understanding of this pathogen is of utmost importance. The primary aim of this study was to obtain a deeper insight into the genomic diversity of field infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains using phylogenetic and recombination analysis. We sequenced the genome of 20 randomly selected strains from seven European countries. After sequencing, we created a genome sequence data set that contained 36 European origin field isolates and 33 vaccine strains. When analyzing these 69 IBV genome sequences, we identified 215 recombination events highlighting that some strains had multiple recombination breaking points. Recombination hot spots were identified mostly in the regions coding for non-structural proteins, and multiple recombination hot spots were identified in the nsp2, nsp3, nsp8, and nsp12 coding regions. Recombination occurred among different IBV genotypes and involved both field and vaccine IBV strains. Ninety percent of field strains and nearly half of vaccine strains showed evidence of recombination. Despite the low number and the scattered geographical and temporal origin of whole-genome sequence data collected from European Gammacoronaviruses, this study underlines the importance of recombination as a major evolutionary mechanism of IBVs.
Key Factors That Enable the Pandemic Potential of RNA Viruses and Inter-Species Transmission: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alvarez-Munoz Santiago , Upegui-Porras Nicolas , Gomez Arlen P. , Ramirez-Nieto Gloria
Published: March 2021

Viruses play a primary role as etiological agents of pandemics worldwide. Although there has been progress in identifying the molecular features of both viruses and hosts, the extent of the impact these and other factors have that contribute to interspecies transmission and their relationship with the emergence of diseases are poorly understood. The objective of this review was to analyze the factors related to the characteristics inherent to RNA viruses accountable for pandemics in the last 20 years which facilitate infection, promote interspecies jump, and assist in the generation of zoonotic infections with pandemic potential. The search resulted in 48 research articles that met the inclusion criteria. Changes adopted by RNA viruses are influenced by environmental and host-related factors, which define their ability to adapt. Population density, host distribution, migration patterns, and the loss of natural habitats, among others, have been associated as factors in the virus–host interaction. This review also included a critical analysis of the Latin American context, considering its diverse and unique social, cultural, and biodiversity characteristics. The scarcity of scientific information is striking, thus, a call to local institutions and governments to invest more resources and efforts to the study of these factors in the region is key.
NSP16 2′-O-MTase in Coronavirus Pathogenesis: Possible Prevention and Treatments Strategies
Authors: Chang Li-Jen , Chen Tsung-Hsien
Published: March 2021

Several life-threatening viruses have recently appeared, including the coronavirus, infecting a variety of human and animal hosts and causing a range of diseases like human upper respiratory tract infections. They not only cause serious human and animal deaths, but also cause serious public health problems worldwide. Currently, seven species are known to infect humans, namely SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1. The coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) structure is similar to the 5′-end capping system of mRNA used by eukaryotic hosts and plays a vital role in evading host immunity response and protects the nascent viral mRNA from degradation. NSP16 is also well-conserved among related coronaviruses and requires its binding partner NSP10 to activate its enzymatic activity. With the continued threat of viral emergence highlighted by human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, mutant strains continue to appear, affecting the highly conserved NSP16: this provides a possible therapeutic approach applicable to any novel coronavirus. To this end, current information on the 2′-O-MTase activity mechanism, the differences between NSP16 and NSP10 in human coronaviruses, and the current potential prevention and treatment strategies related to NSP16 are summarized in this review.
Amantadine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro
Authors: Fink Klaus , Nitsche Andreas , Neumann Markus , Grossegesse Marica , Eisele Karl-Heinz , Danysz Wojciech
Published: March 2021

Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic started in late 2019, the search for protective vaccines and for drug treatments has become mandatory to fight the global health emergency. Travel restrictions, social distancing, and face masks are suitable counter measures, but may not bring the pandemic under control because people will inadvertently or at a certain degree of restriction severity or duration become incompliant with the regulations. Even if vaccines are approved, the need for antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 will persist. However, unequivocal evidence for efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 has not been demonstrated for any of the repurposed antiviral drugs so far. Amantadine was approved as an antiviral drug against influenza A, and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 has been reasoned by analogy but without data. We tested the efficacy of amantadine in vitro in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, amantadine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in two separate experiments with IC50 concentrations between 83 and 119 µM. Although these IC50 concentrations are above therapeutic amantadine levels after systemic administration, topical administration by inhalation or intranasal instillation may result in sufficient amantadine concentration in the airway epithelium without high systemic exposure. However, further studies in other models are needed to prove this hypothesis.
Detection of H3K4me3 Identifies NeuroHIV Signatures, Genomic Effects of Methamphetamine and Addiction Pathways in Postmortem HIV+ Brain Specimens that Are Not Amenable to Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Basova Liana , Lindsey Alexander , McGovern Anne Marie , Ellis Ronald J. , Marcondes Maria Cecilia Garibaldi
Published: March 2021

Human postmortem specimens are extremely valuable resources for investigating translational hypotheses. Tissue repositories collect clinically assessed specimens from people with and without HIV, including age, viral load, treatments, substance use patterns and cognitive functions. One challenge is the limited number of specimens suitable for transcriptional studies, mainly due to poor RNA quality resulting from long postmortem intervals. We hypothesized that epigenomic signatures would be more stable than RNA for assessing global changes associated with outcomes of interest. We found that H3K27Ac or RNA Polymerase (Pol) were not consistently detected by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), while the enhancer H3K4me3 histone modification was abundant and stable up to the 72 h postmortem. We tested our ability to use H3K4me3 in human prefrontal cortex from HIV+ individuals meeting criteria for methamphetamine use disorder or not (Meth +/−) which exhibited poor RNA quality and were not suitable for transcriptional profiling. Systems strategies that are typically used in transcriptional metadata were applied to H3K4me3 peaks revealing consistent genomic activity differences in regions where addiction and neuronal synapses pathway genes are represented, including genes of the dopaminergic system, as well as inflammatory pathways. The resulting comparisons mirrored previously observed effects of Meth on suppressing gene expression and provided insights on neurological processes affected by Meth. The results suggested that H3K4me3 detection in chromatin may reflect transcriptional patterns, thus providing opportunities for analysis of larger numbers of specimens from cases with substance use and neurological deficits. In conclusion, the detection of H3K4me3 in isolated chromatin can be an alternative to transcriptome strategies to increase the power of association using specimens with long postmortem intervals and low RNA quality.
A Vaccine Strain of the A/ASIA/Sea-97 Lineage of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the P1 Region That Is Adapted to Suspension Culture Provides High Immunogenicity
Authors: Hwang Ji-Hyeon , Lee Gyeongmin , Kim Aro , Park Jong-Hyeon , Lee Min Ja , Kim Byounghan , Kim Su-Mi
Published: March 2021

There are seven viral serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV): A, O, C, Asia 1, and Southern African Territories 1, 2, and 3 (SAT 1–3). Unlike serotype O FMDV vaccine strains, vaccine strains of serotype A FMDV do not provide broad-range cross-reactivity in serological matching tests with field isolates. Therefore, the topotype/lineage vaccine strain circulating in many countries and a highly immunogenic strain might be advantageous to control serotype A FMDV. We developed a new vaccine strain, A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A-1), which belongs to the A/ASIA/Sea-97 lineage that frequently occurs in Asian countries. Using virus plaque purification, we selected a vaccine virus with high antigen productivity and the lowest numbers of P1 mutations among cell-adapted virus populations. The A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A-1) vaccine strain has a single amino acid mutation, VP2 E82K, in the P1 region, and it is perfectly adapted to suspension culture. The A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A-1) experimental vaccine conferred high immunogenicity in pigs. The vaccine strain was serologically matched with various field isolates in two-dimensional virus neutralization tests using bovine serum. Vaccinated mice were protected against an A/MAY/97 virus that was serologically mismatched with the vaccine strain. Thus, A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A-1) might be a promising vaccine candidate for protection against the emerging FMDV serotype A in Asia.
A Review of Numerical Simulations of Secondary Flows in River Bends
Authors: Shaheed Rawaa , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Yan Xiaohui
Published: March 2021

River bends are one of the common elements in most natural rivers, and secondary flow is one of the most important flow features in the bends. The secondary flow is perpendicular to the main flow and has a helical path moving towards the outer bank at the upper part of the river cross-section, and towards the inner bank at the lower part of the river cross-section. The secondary flow causes a redistribution in the main flow. Accordingly, this redistribution and sediment transport by the secondary flow may lead to the formation of a typical pattern of river bend profile. It is important to study and understand the flow pattern in order to predict the profile and the position of the bend in the river. However, there are a lack of comprehensive reviews on the advances in numerical modeling of bend secondary flow in the literature. Therefore, this study comprehensively reviews the fundamentals of secondary flow, the governing equations and boundary conditions for numerical simulations, and previous numerical studies on river bend flows. Most importantly, it reviews various numerical simulation strategies and performance of various turbulence models in simulating the flow in river bends and concludes that the main problem is finding the appropriate model for each case of turbulent flow. The present review summarizes the recent advances in numerical modeling of secondary flow and points out the key challenges, which can provide useful information for future studies.
Assessing the Risk of Legionella Infection through Showering with Untreated Rain Cistern Water in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Quon Hunter , Allaire Maura , Jiang Sunny C.
Published: March 2021

In September 2017, two category-5 hurricanes Irma and Maria swept through the Caribbean Sea in what is now known as the region’s most active hurricane season on record, leaving disastrous effects on infrastructure and people’s lives. In the U.S. Virgin Islands, rain cisterns are commonly used for harvesting roof-top rainwater for household water needs. High prevalence of Legionella spp. was found in the cistern water after the hurricanes. This study carried out a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the health risks associated with Legionella through inhalation of aerosols from showering using water from cisterns after the hurricanes. Legionella concentrations were modeled based on the Legionella detected in post-hurricane water samples and reported total viable heterotrophic bacterial counts in cistern water. The inhalation dose was modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation of shower water aerosol concentrations according to shower water temperature, shower duration, inhalation rates, and shower flow rates. The risk of infection was calculated based on a previously established dose–response model from Legionella infection of guinea pigs. The results indicated median daily risk of 2.5 × 10−6 to 2.5 × 10−4 depending on shower temperature, and median annual risk of 9.1 × 10−4 to 1.4 × 10−2. Results were discussed and compared with household survey results for a better understanding of local perceived risk versus objective risk surrounding local water supplies.
On Ripples—A Boundary Layer-Theoretical Definition
Authors: Zanke Ulrich , Roland Aron
Published: March 2021

Once the first initial ripples have developed, they form according to the actual flow forces and sediment properties. In this paper, a semianalytical approach to determine the length of the developed ripples is presented. The theory assumes initial disturbances at the bed surface and corresponding flow separations resulting from an individual respective boundary layer. What causes the initial rhythmic perturbations is not the subject of this paper. Based on boundary layer theory, this approach explains a possible physical background for the existence and length of developed ripples in cohesion-free sediments. At the same time, the approach provides a distinction from dunes: ripples are sand waves affected by a viscous sublayer, and dunes are sand waves where this is not the case. Applications to Earth, Mars, and Titan are shown.
Study on the Decontamination Effect of Biochar-Constructed Wetland under Different Hydraulic Conditions
Authors: Xing Chuanjie , Xu Xiangxi , Xu Zhenghe , Wang Rongzhen , Xu Lirong
Published: March 2021

To explore the purification effect of biochar-constructed wetlands on rural domestic sewage, six types of biochar-constructed wetlands were constructed for experiments. Under different hydraulic conditions, the removal effects of each biochar-constructed wetland on chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in sewage were analyzed. The results showed that the removal rates of the four types of pollutants in each biochar-constructed wetland first increased and then decreased with the increase in hydraulic retention time, and the optimal hydraulic retention time range was 36–48 h. The highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the wetland were 97.34 ± 0.84%, 95.44 ± 1.29%, 98.95 ± 0.52%, and 97.78 ± 0.91%, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of each biochar-constructed wetland increased first, then decreased with the increase in hydraulic load, and the optimal hydraulic load was 10 cm/d. The removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of each biochar-constructed wetland gradually weakened with the increase in hydraulic load, and the optimal hydraulic load range was between 5 and 10 cm/d. Under these conditions, the highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the wetland were 92.15 ± 2.39%, 98.32 ± 0.48%, 96.69 ± 1.26%, and 92.62 ± 2.92%, respectively. Coconut shell and shell-constructed wetlands with the highest proportion of biochar in the matrix have the best removal effect on pollutants under different hydraulic conditions, and the wastewater purification effect is stronger, indicating that the addition of biochar is helpful for the removal of pollutants in constructed wetlands.
LSTM tabanlı Derin Sinir Ağı ile Beşinci Nesil Küçük Hücre Ağlarında El Değiştirme Tahmini
Authors: CİCİOĞLU Murtaza
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, Uzun Kısa-Vadeli Hafıza (LSTM) tabanlı derin sinir ağı ile beşinci nesil küçük hücre ağlarında el değiştirme (handover, HO) tahminlerini gerçekleştiren yeni bir model geliştirilmiştir. İlk olarak HO tahmininde eğitim için kullanılacak olan veri seti Riverbed Modeler benzetim yazılımında tasarlanan benzetim senaryoları ile oluşturulmuştur. Bu senaryolar aracılığıyla sinir ağının veri kümesinde kullanılacak üç adet giriş (RSSI, SNR ve Jitter) değişkeni ve bir adet çıkış (istenen değer) değişkeni elde edilmiştir. Bu veri seti makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından LSTM, SVM, Tree ve Lineer Regresyon teknikleri ile eğitilmiştir. LSTM tabanlı derin sinir ağı diğer regresyon algoritmaları ile karşılaştırılmış ve daha yüksek başarıma sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. LSTM için eğitilen modelin test sonuçları incelendiğinde; R2 0.94, MAE 0.3315, MSE 0.3670 ve RMSE değeri 0.6058 olarak bulunmuştur. LSTM tabanlı derin sinir ağlarının, regresyon işlemlerinde yüksek başarım gösterdiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak önerilen regresyon modeli ile 5G küçük hücre ağlarında HO kararlarının tahmin edilebildiği gösterilmiştir.
Toprak Nem İçeriğinin İzlenmesi ve Tayininde Kullanılan Yöntemler
Authors: YETİK Ali Kaan , AŞIK Mehmetcan
Published: March 2021

Su kaynaklarının etkili kullanımının önemi, dünya nüfusunun katlanarak büyümesi ve iklim değişikliğinin etkileriyle beraber her geçen gün artmaktadır. Büyük bir su tüketicisi olan tarım sektöründe, doğal kaynaklar için kritik öneme sahip olan suyun verimli kullanılması hedefinin küresel anlamda etkileri ve olumlu sonuçları olacaktır. Tarımda suyun verimli kullanılması hem aşırı sulamalardan kaçınmak hem de bitkilere su stresi yaşatmamak için önemlidir. Bu nedenle kullanılacak su miktarının belirlenmesi amacıyla topraktaki mevcut nem miktarının izlenmesi bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Uygulanacak olan sulama programının oluşturulmasıyla, düzenli sulama uygulamaları yapılacak ve minimum sudan maksimum verim elde edilmesi amacının ilk aşaması tamamlanacaktır. Toprak nem içeriğinin belirlenmesinde uygulanan yöntemler doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Gravimetrik yöntem doğrudan toprak nem içeriğini belirlemek için kullanılırken; dolaylı yöntemler, elektromanyetik yansıma zamanının ve frekansının ölçülmesi, elektriksel direnç yöntemi, nötron saçılımı yöntemi ve toprak su potansiyelinin ölçülmesi olarak açıklanmıştır. Dolaylı ölçüm yöntemleri, doğrudan ölçüm yöntemlerine göre toprak nem içeriğinin izlenmesini uygulamada daha pratik hale getirmek için geliştirilmiştir. Ancak bu geliştirmelerin; ekipman fiyatlarının görece yüksek olması, çalışma aralıklarının sınırlı olması, insan sağlığına tehdit oluşturacak unsurlar barındırması ve ekonomik ömürlerinin sınırlı olması gibi farklı sonuçları olmuştur. Bu çalışmada toprak nem içeriğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemler hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve sahip oldukları avantaj ve dezavantajlar incelenmiştir.
PERAN BMT EL-MIZAN ANNAFII DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS USAHA MIKRO
Authors: Yudih Dadang , Sharah Cahya Muthia , Nursamsiah Mira
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa peran aktif koperasi syariah dalam meningkatkan kualitas usaha mikro dan mengetahui jenis-jenis peranan  koperasi syariah dalam meningkatkan kualitas usaha mikro.  Metode penelitiannya adalah metode kualitatif dengan pengambilan data melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa BMT EL-MIZAN ANNAFII telah menjalankan perannya secara umum sebagai koperasi syariah yang  mampu membuat kegiatan ekonomi dan sosial anggotanya yang merupakan warga sekitar masjid menjadi lebih baik  dan sejahtera, sedangkan jenis-jenis peran aktif yang telah dilakukan oleh BMT EL-MIZAN ANNAFII dalam peningkatan kualitas usaha mikro hanya pada aspek fisik pemasaran produk (toko dan kerjasama dengan muslimah center) dan belum menyentuh aspek  manajemen pemasaran jasa (kualitas pelayanan), manajemen produksi barang, manajemen keuangan, akuntansi sederhana, manajemen SDM dan etika bisnis syariah. ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the role of active Islamic cooperative in improving the quality of the micro enterprise and know the kinds of cooperative role of Sharia in improving quality of micro enterprises.Qualitative research methods are methods with data retrieval through structured interviews, field observations and documentation.The results of the research show that the BMT EL-MIZAN ANNAFII has run its role in General as a cooperative of Sharia that are able to make economic and social activities of its members which is the community around the mosque became a better and prosperous, while the types of initiatives that have been undertaken by the BMT EL-MIZAN ANNAFII in the improved quality of micro enterprises only on the physical aspects of the marketing of products and haven't touched aspects of marketing management services (quality of service), production management, financial management, simple accounting, human resource management and business ethics
UNA PROPUESTA DE ENSEÑANZA INNOVADORA EN LA FORMACIÓN DE PROFESORES DE NIVEL PRIMARIO: LA TEMPORALIDAD EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES
Authors: Alvarez Lucrecia Milagros
Published: March 2021

Este artículo se enmarca en el Proyecto CAI+D 2016: Prácticas de enseñanza innovadoras en Geografía e Historia que promueven el pensamiento crítico (Universidad Nacional de Litoral). En el marco de la investigación, los miembros del equipo nos encontramos identificando prácticas innovadoras realizadas en los distintos niveles y modalidades del sistema educativo.En este caso, presentamos una experiencia que consideramos novedosa, llevada a cabo en el marco del taller de Problemática de las Ciencias Sociales, correspondiente al primer año de los Profesorados de Nivel Primario de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina).En este escrito se analizan dos trabajos prácticos realizados por los futuros docentes:El Trabajo práctico Nº 1, que consistió en la elaboración de una planificación para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales en el nivel primario, sobre los temas enseñados durante el taller.Y el Trabajo práctico Nº 2, en el que debían incorporar en la planificación antes mencionada, el concepto estructurante de tiempo histórico, a partir de la elaboración de una actividad y el diseño de los recursos/materiales para sus futuros estudiantes.Consideramos, que la divulgación de estas experiencias realizadas en el nivel superior, promueven la formación profesional de los docentes actuales y futuros, y la reflexión sobre la propia práctica de enseñanza de la profesora dictante del taller.
Mechanisms of remodeling oral soft tissues (literature review)
Authors: Hasiuk P.A. , Krasnokutskiy O.A. , Vorobets A.B. , Huda N.V. , Rosolovska S.O.
Published: March 2021

Based on the analysis of modern literature, a systematization of information of the soft tissues of the oral cavity remodeling mechanisms after surgical interventions was carried out. Priority area in modern medical practice is the development and use of such methods and drugs that combine maximum safety and high biological activity in relation to body tissues. A number of scientists have proposed and introduced into practical medicine the technology of programmed scar remodeling. According to this technique, injections of antihomotoxic substances directly around the surgical wound are required, which reduce the duration of edema in the tissues. A number of authors have studied the use of a minimally invasive microsurgical method based on fractional laser photothermolysis to initiate the regeneration of gums and oral mucosa. As a result of the study, it was found that microscopic thermal wounds in the form of damage islands surrounded by normal viable tissue contribute to stimulation of regeneration, which leads to complete restoration of the tissue without scar formation. Recently, methods of using directed tissue regeneration have been widely introduced into practice. In this technique, cellular structures are used that increase the activity of regenerative processes - fibroblasts, platelet plasma. Great importance in the processes of regeneration of the oral mucosa has the epidermal growth factor EGF. It is a globular protein, acts like a strong mitogen on cells of endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The epidermal factor stimulates cell proliferation and, in combination with other cytokines, is a factor that accelerates wound healing and angiogenesis. For the treatment of patients with periodontal tissue damage, a number of scientists have proposed a method for using an adhesive protective wound cover created with biotechnological high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Thus, the analysis of literary sources and the systematization of the available information proves the relevance of further studying the features of the mechanisms of remodeling of soft tissues of the oral cavity. Needs of modern maxillofacial surgery requires morphological study for improvement of existing and development of new treatments for patients.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ В ПРОЄКТНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Л. В. ШИНКАРУК , С. О. КУБІЦЬКИЙ , М. М. ДЄЛІНІ
Published: March 2021

В статті розкривається сутність управління персоналом в проєктній діяльності, її особливості. Визначено специфіку управління командою проєкту. Досліджено пропозиції всесвітніх консалтингових компаній щодо управління командою проєкту з урахуванням нових умов функціонування. Зазначено особливості управління персоналом проєкту в умовах COVID-19.
ЧИННИКИ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОГО ЗОВНІШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: А. А. МЕЛІХОВ
Published: March 2021

У статті аналізуються чинники розвитку підприємства в умовах ринкової конкуренції. Дано визначення поняття «конкурентний розвиток підприємства». Отримала подальший розвиток класифікація чинників конкурентного розвитку, що враховує турбулентність сучасного ринку та дуагенну взаємодію чинників зовнішнього і внутрішнього середовища підприємства. Дана оцінка впливу турбулентних і дуагенних чинників на формування цілей конкурентного розвитку підприємства.
ГНОСЕОЛОГІЧНА ТА ОНТОЛОГІЧНА СУТНІСТЬ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Ю. В. КОСТИНЕЦЬ
Published: March 2021

В статті розглядаються підходи розуміння сутності розвитку економічних систем як об’єкту управління, наведено визначення сутності розвитку та сутності економічних систем. На основі проведеного дослідження встановлені основні характеристики умов функціонування ринку як економічної системи. Зроблено висновки про те, що управління розвитком економічних систем передбачає реалізацію загальної концепції, в якій поєднуються цільовий та інтегральний підходи до функціонування як окремого об’єкту, так і економічної системи, до якої він входить, в структурі національної економіки.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЮ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТА ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ІНСТИТУТУ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА У МЕДИЧНОМУ СЕКТОРІ
Authors: А. О. БАЙРАК , Л. Г. ВОЄВОДА
Published: March 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню основних проблем розвитку системи охорони здоров’я, розглянуто особливості інструментів з регулювання та фінансування інституту державно-приватного партнерства в галузі охорони здоров’я. Для вирішення фінансових проблем створення і експлуатації стратегічно важливих об’єктів забезпечення соціально-економічного розвитку суспільства в умовах дефіциту бюджетних коштів важливого значення набуває впровадження державно-приватного партнерства в Україні. В статті проаналізовано сучасний стан використання механізму державно-приватного партнерства у реалізації інвестиційних проєктів в Україні, виявлено проблемні питання інституційно-законодавчого забезпечення його розвитку.
КОМПАРАТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОВЕДІНКИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА ЇЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПІДСИСТЕМ В УМОВАХ ВНУТРІШНІХ ТА ЗОВНІШНІХ ШОКІВ
Authors: І. С. КЛАДЧЕНКО
Published: March 2021

В роботі проведене тридцятирічне статистичне обстеження розвитку вітчизняної економіки та її секторів, агрегованих згідно з Міжнародною стандартною галузевою класифікацією (ISIC), за індикатором розвитку – валовою доданою вартістю. Виконаний компаративний аналіз поведінки національного господарства в періоди криз різної природи походження. Встановлені істотні характеристики збалансованості, резистентності, стійкості траєкторії розвитку національної економіки. Поглиблено розуміння про специфіку реакції на внутрішні та зовнішні шоки економічних секторів національного господарства.
Deep Neural Networks Based on Transfer Learning Approaches to Classification of Gun and Knife Images
Authors: Ağdaş Mehmet Tevfik , Türkoğlu Muammer , Gülseçen Sevinç
Published: March 2021

Most of the criminal acts are performed using criminal tools. One of the most effective ways of preventing crime is to observe and detect offensive weapons by security camera systems. Deep learning techniques can show very high-performance in observing and perceiving objects. In the current study, the performances of the pre-trained AlexNet, VGG16, and VGG19 models based on convolutional neural networks, were tested for the detection and classification of criminal tools such as guns and knives. In the study, the training process was carried out using transfer learning approaches such as Fine-tuning and Training from scratch based on deep architectures. To test the deep architectures used in the proposed study, the gun and knife datasets frequently used in the literature were collected and combined with new datasets obtained originally from search engines and videos, and then their performances were tested. In the experimental results, the VGG16 model based on fine-tuning for the two and three classes achieved the highest accuracy in detecting criminal devices with a rate of 99.73% and 99.67%, respectively. As a result, the study has observed that offensive weapons could be detected with security cameras using learned weights of deep architectures
Design principles of insecticides for medical disinsection using diatomutes and marshalites
Authors:   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Roslavtseva Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Shestopalov Nikolay Vladimirovich ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Krivonos Kseniya Sergeevna ,   Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Smirnov Pavel Vitalevich ,   Tyumen State University
Published: March 2021

Insecticidal properties of diatom and marshalite powders are known, but similar properties of siliceous marshalite and quartz-aleuropelite rocks have not been studied. We have studied the insecticide content of powders from certain breeds for adult red cockroaches Blattella germanica L. and bed bugs Cimex lectularius L. All the samples studied by us had different insecticidal activity. This is very important to take into account for specialists who want to develop and further produce an insecticide based on diatom powders. Before starting work, the insecticidal activity of samples from each deposit should be determined.
Invernadero utiliza energía solar para el control de temperatura
Authors: Pérez-Ortega Eva Claudia , Chavira-Álvarez Alberto
Published: March 2021

A company dedicated to the branch of vegetables in Jiménez city, Chihuahua, MX. Through a project with the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) linked to the Technological University of Chihuahua, they develop a prototype of a greenhouse based on the use of solar energy in order to reduce the use of LP gas for heating the greenhouse and the implementation of chimneys worked under the Venturi principle, which is estimated to reduce the use of electric fans and extractors. The greenhouse construction is 60 x 70 meters. The electronic greenhouse system allows measuring, controlling, automating and monitoring the temperature and humidity parameters. Climate control of the greenhouse is possible thanks to the use of sensors of different climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and carbon dioxide. The implementation of the solar thermal and photovoltaic system, with the synergy of electronics and automation achieves an efficient saving of electric energy through the designed prototype Objectives: Develop a greenhouse prototype with the operation based on the use of solar energy for the conditioning of its facilities (cooling and heating), allowing a significant reduction in its operating costs by reducing the use of fuels such as gas and electricity and consequently a decrease in atmospheric emissions
Diagnóstico de la calidad en los servicios de alimentos y bebidas en Tequisquiapan
Authors: Arellano-Rocha Francisco Javier , González-Neri Aarón Iván , Pérez-Bravo Julia , Villarreal-Alcalde Jorge Gabriel
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to do a measuring of the catering services quality through the opinion of local, national and foreign visitors, in the Magic Town of Tequisquiapan, Qro., in order to determine some actions that helped improve their services and the touristic impact in the zone. The methodology used was mixed, using the quantitative method based on literature about the topic, where there were shown several analysis as in the World Economic Forum, published on the Tourism notebooks in the University of Murcia. Likewise, a qualitative analysis was done when it was applied a survey where it is asked about the quality in the catering services visited by consumers and it was also done a revision of the certifications given by the Mexican official government. After that, the results obtained let us know the high level of acceptance that the caterers have. Nevertheless, the certificates of quality are not common among the businessmen. It was considered to give the proposals that could help to the Bureau of Restaurants, the County City, the Local Ministry of Tourism and to private companies who want to know about them to continue solving and fulfill with quality in the touristic caterers.
Nutrición al final de la vida: perspectiva paliativa del cirujano
Authors: Sabogal Olarte Juan Carlos , Santos García Carmen , Ortiz Ana Cristina , Rey Chaves Carlos Eduardo , Conde Monroy Danny
Published: March 2021

Introducción: el manejo médico en el final de la vida en pacientes con cáncer representa un reto clínico y un dilema ético y moral. No resulta fácil establecer las estrategias de acompañamiento para el paciente y su familia, ni establecer las estrategias nutricionales a seguir. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los aspectos teóricos establecidos en la literatura sobre la definición de final de la vida y las estrategias para el manejo nutricional en pacientes con cáncer desde la experiencia del Servicio de Cirugía Hepatobiliar y Pancreática del Hospital Méderi en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura con los términos “nutrición”, “cuidado paliativo”, “nutrición en cáncer”, “final de la vida”. Se describen las diferentes estrategias de manejo nutricional para los pacientes con patología oncológica hepatobiliar y pancreática que se encuentran en la etapa de final de vida. Resultados: el deterioro clínico del paciente en esta etapa de vida es irreversible, y los aportes proteico-calóricos a través del suministro parenteral o enteral no cambian el pronóstico del paciente. El objetivo final de la terapia nutricional en el paciente en el final de vida es principalmente la calidad de vida. La apropiada comunicación con el paciente y la familia es fundamental para disminuir la ansiedad y facilitar la toma de decisiones. Conclusión: el manejo nutricional de los pacientes oncológicos al final de la vida es un enorme reto médico. La experiencia del servicio HPB aporta una perspectiva humana y paliativa, enfocada en el acompañamiento del paciente y su familia, recuperando el concepto fundamental de la relación médico-paciente.