bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of CMIP5 Models Based on the Interdecadal Relationship between the PDO and Winter Temperature in China
Authors: Xu Yifei , Li Te , Shen Shuanghe , Hu Zhenghua
Published: October 2019

In this study, the impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the China winter temperature (CWT) was assessed on an interdecadal timescale, and the capacities of the 35 models of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were assessed by simulating the PDO-CWT teleconnection. The Met Office Hadley Centre’s sea ice and sea surface temperature (HadISST) were used as the observational data, and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) datasets provided long-term temperature data for the 1901–2005 period. By calculating the spatial correlation coefficient between the PDO index and winter temperature in China, thirteen CMIP5 models close to the HadISST datasets were selected for this study. These models were averaged as the good multi-model ensemble (GOODMME), and the PDO-CWT spatial correlation between the GOODMME and the observations was 0.80. Overall, the correlation coefficient between the PDO index and atmospheric circulation suggests that the GOODMME produces the same excellent results as do the observations. The results also verify the GOODMME’s superiority in simulating the impact of the PDO on winter temperatures in China. The possible mechanisms underlying the impact of the different phases of the PDO on the CWT are also described.
The MicroRNA Centrism in the Orchestration of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Nuzziello Nicoletta , Liguori Maria
Published: October 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ability to regulate the transcriptomic profile by binding to complementary regulatory RNA sequences. The ability of miRNAs to enhance (proinflammatory miRNAs) or restrict (anti-inflammatory miRNAs) inflammatory signalling within the central nervous system is an area of ongoing research, particularly in the context of disorders that feature neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Furthermore, the discovery of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) has led to an increase in the complexity of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, with a paradigm shift from a unidirectional to a bidirectional regulation, where miRNA acts as both a regulator and is regulated by ceRNAs. Increasing evidence has revealed that ceRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and pseudogenes, can act as miRNA sponges to regulate neuroinflammation in NDDs within complex cross-talk regulatory machinery, which is referred to as ceRNA network (ceRNET). In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammatory regulation and the manner in which cellular and vesicular ceRNETs could influence neuroinflammatory dynamics in complex multifactorial diseases, such as NDDs.
Effect of Rare Earth Oxides on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Cladding Coating on 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Xu Zezhou , Wang Zhiying , Chen Jian , Qiao Yanxin , Zhang Junwei , Huang Yueming
Published: October 2019

The effect of rare earth oxides on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of laser-cladding coating on 316L stainless steel was investigated using hardness measurements, a polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a salt spray test, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the modification of rare earth oxides on the laser-cladding layer caused minor changes to its composition but refined the grains, leading to an increase in hardness. Electrochemical and salt spray studies indicated that the corrosion resistance of the 316L stainless steel could be improved by laser cladding, especially when rare earth oxides (i.e., CeO2 and La2O3) were added as a modifier.
DEA Cross-Efficiency Ranking Method Based on Grey Correlation Degree and Relative Entropy
Authors: Si Qin , Ma Zhanxin
Published: October 2019

The ranking of decision-making units (DMUs) is one of the most significant issues in efficiency evaluation. However, the calculation results from the traditional Data envelopment analysis(DEA), method sometimes include multiple efficient DMUs or multiple DMUs with the same efficiency value, in which case the approach is weak in distinguishing among these DMUs. Therefore, this study proposes a DEA cross-efficiency ranking method based on the relative entropy evaluation method and the grey relational analysis method. First, the approach uses the cross-efficiency matrix as the decision matrix of multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM), and the relationship between DMU and the ideal solution is analyzed by the grey relational analysis method and the relative entropy evaluation method. Then, the degree of the criteria is determined by Shannon entropy, and the weighted grey correlation degree and the weighted relative entropy are obtained. Finally, with the comprehensive relative closeness degree between the DMU and the ideal solution, we can sort all the DMUs accordingly. In a comparative analysis, it shows that this method analyzes the similarity between DMUs and the ideal solution from the information distance and the similarity of the data sequence curve, and has certain advantages for analyzing the ranking of DMUs.
Can User Innovation Grow a Firm? The Case of the Korean Smart Media Industry
Authors: Na Cheongho , Kim Eungdo , Shin Kwangsoo
Published: October 2019

With the rapid development of information and communications technology (ICT), smart society has arrived. The emergence of smart media has changed the user’s role. Broader communication coverage, faster Internet speeds, and an expanding application market promote user participation. Therefore, the role of users in innovation has become more important than ever. In this rapidly changing environment, it has become important for firms to consider the role of users when developing innovation strategies. It is hard for a firm to maintain all abilities and resources amid this sudden change; therefore, firms have to develop their strategy considering the user’s role. For that reason, firms need to network with universities, researchers, firms, and users from the open innovation perspective. This study divides firm strategy into exploitation and exploration strategies in the value chain and identifies the effects of utilization strategy, exploration strategy, and the role of users in the smart media industry on firm performance.
Numerical Investigation of Terrain-Induced Turbulence in Complex Terrain Using High-Resolution Elevation Data and Surface Roughness Data Constructed with a Drone
Authors: Uchida Takanori
Published: October 2019

Using the method based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, two kinds of data can be obtained: the digital elevation model (DEM) for the digital expression of terrain, and the digital surface model (DSM) for the digital expression of the surface of the ground, including trees. In this research, a 3D topography model with a horizontal spatial resolution of 1 m was reproduced using DEM. In addition, using the differences between the DEM and DSM data, we were able to obtain further detailed information, such as the heights of trees covering the surface of the ground and their spatial distribution. Therefore, the surface roughness model and the UAV imagery data were directly linked. Based on the above data as input data, a high-resolution 3D numerical flow simulation was conducted. By using the numerical results obtained, we discussed the effect of the existence of surface roughness on the wind speed at the height of the hub of the wind turbine. We also discussed the effect of the differences in the spatial resolution in the horizontal direction of the computational grid on the reproductive precision of terrain-induced turbulence. As a result, the existence and the vortex structure of terrain-induced turbulence occurring near the target wind turbine was clearly revealed. It was shown that a horizontal grid resolution of about 5 m was required to reproduce terrain-induced turbulence formed from topography with an altitude of about 127 m. By the simulation using the surface roughness model, turbulence intensity higher than class A in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) turbulence category was confirmed at the present study site, as well as the measured data.
Towing Motion Characteristics of Composite Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Ding Hongyan , Zhao Xing , Le Conghuan , Zhang Puyang , Min Qiaoling
Published: October 2019

Composite bucket foundation (CBF) is an environmentally friendly form of offshore wind power foundation. By virtue of the air-floating subdivision structure in the bucket, the foundation has a self-floating characteristic and can allow for long-distance air-floating towing and transport. In this study, first, a numerical analysis was performed on the towing motion characteristics of CBF, and the formula for foundation stability was deduced; then, we probed into the variation rules of the natural period of the foundation with draft and analyzed the response amplitude operator (RAO) responses, added mass coefficients, radiation damping coefficients, and exciting forces (moments) of the composite bucket foundation under different drafts and different wave directions. Finally, we clarified the basic hydrodynamic characteristics of the composite bucket foundation in the frequency domain and adopted multiple random wave models to investigate the effects of different wave heights, periods, and spectral peak factors on the towing motion characteristics of composite bucket foundation.
Coupled Analysis of Desiccation Cracking in Unsaturated Soils through a Non-Local Mathematical Formulation
Authors: Menon Shashank , Song Xiaoyu
Published: October 2019

The formation of desiccation cracks in unsaturated soils as a discontinuity phenomenon can compromise the integrity of civil infrastructure on unsaturated soils. Because of the singularity at such discontinuities, the mathematical modeling of desiccation cracking is challenging. In this study, we apply a coupled nonlocal peridynamic poroelastic framework to model desiccation cracking in unsaturated soils. The soil skeleton is modeled by a nonlocal peridynamic elastic solid. A peridynamic equivalence of the generalized Darcy’s law is utilized to model unsaturated fluid flow. Cracking is determined by a critical stretch criterion between material points as well as an energy criterion. We present numerical simulations of desiccation cracking in soil bars and thin soil discs for one-dimensional cracking and two-dimensional cracking networks, respectively. The numerical results have demonstrated that the proposed nonlocal mathematical framework is a promising and robust method for modeling desiccation cracking in unsaturated soils.
Rapid Cognitive Decline and Recurrent Falls in a 71 Year-Old Man due to Cerebral Amyloidangiopathy-Related Inflammation (CAA-RI)
Authors: Dörr Stefan , Schickel Rabea , Lucke-Paulig Lara , Schöntag Steffen , Lobmann Ralf
Published: October 2019

Cognitive decline and falls in the elderly are common and are often accepted as natural and inevitable by relatives and health care professionals, but frequently there are specific and treatable diseases that should be revealed. In our case, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-RI) was causative for neuro-psychiatric symptoms and worsening of gait in a 71 year-old man with recurrent falls and decline of gait and cognition. Cerebral amyloidangiopathy (CAA) is an important cause of cerebrovascular disorders in the elderly, characterized by leukoencephalopathy combined with lobar or small cortical hemorrhage due to amyloid deposition in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. In several conditions, amyloid deposition can provoke inflammation or edema that lead to -normally reversible- encephalopathy. CAA-RI is then characterized by subacute neurobehavioral symptoms, headache, seizures or stroke-like signs. The first therapeutic option after confirming the diagnosis is treatment with glucocorticoids. Despite treatment with prednisolone, our patient could not regain his unrestricted mobility and self-help competence. Our report aims to sharpen awareness for CAA and its inflammatory form (CAA-RI) in healthcare professionals involved in medical care of the elderly and provide a short summary of this disease.
The Impact of Economy on Carbon Emissions: An Empirical Study Based on the Synergistic Effect of Gender Factors
Authors: Li Shiran , Deng Hongbing , Zhang Kangkang
Published: October 2019

The study of carbon emissions is of great significance for environmental change and economic development. Gender factors is an important perspective to examine the path of carbon emissions. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2016, this paper selects the optimal spatial measurement model structure by using the Bayesian posterior probability model structure selection method, and studies the impact of economy on carbon emissions and the influence mechanism of gender-based “synergy effect” on carbon emissions from the National level and regional levels. The research shows that the increase of economic promotes the increase of carbon emission in this region, but it has a restraining effect on the carbon emission in the surrounding areas. Moreover, gender factors have a significant positive effect on the region at the National level and the Eastern and Northeastern regions, but not significantly in other ones, and have a significant negative impact on carbon emissions in surrounding areas. Overall, the influence intensity of economy on carbon emission increases with the increase of gender in the National level and the Eastern and Northeastern, while the influence intensity of economy of peripheral regions on carbon emission in Central Region decreases with the increase of gender factors in peripheral regions.
Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Sulphurenic Acid, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hsiu , Hsiao Li-Wei , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Shih Chun-Ching
Published: October 2019

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of sulphurenic acid (SA), a pure compound from Antrodia camphorata, on diabetes and hyperlipidemia in an animal model study and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism. Diabetes was induced by daily 55 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) solution over five days. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally gavaged with SA (at three dosages) or glibenclamide (Glib), fenofibrate (Feno) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Our findings showed that STZ-induced diabetic mice had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), plasma triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively) but decreased blood insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels compared to those of the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Administration of SA to STZ-induced diabetic mice may lower blood glucose but it increased the insulin levels with restoration of the size of the islets of Langerhans cells, implying that SA protected against STZ-induced diabetic states within the pancreas. At the molecular level, SA treatment exerts an increase in skeletal muscle expression levels of membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt to increase the membrane glucose uptake, but the mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase are decreased to inhibit hepatic glucose production, thus leading to its hypoglycemic effect. Moreover, SA may cause hypolipidemic effects not only by enhancing hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) with increased fatty acid oxidation but also by reducing lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) as well as reducing mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1C and SREBP2 to lower blood TG and TC levels. Our findings demonstrated that SA displayed a protective effect against type 1 diabetes and a hyperlipidemic state in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
Exploring the Molecular Crosstalk between Pancreatic Bud and Mesenchyme in Embryogenesis: Novel Signals Involved
Authors: Guerriero Ilaria , De Angelis Maria Teresa , D’Angelo Fulvio , Leveque Rita , Savignano Eleonora , Roberto Luca , Lucci Valeria , Mazzone Pellegrino , Laurino Simona , Storto Giovanni , Nardelli Anna , Sgambato Alessandro , Ceccarelli Michele , De Felice Mario , Amendola Elena , Falco Geppino
Published: October 2019

Pancreatic organogenesis is a multistep process that requires the cooperation of several signaling pathways. In this context, the role of pancreatic mesenchyme is important to define the epithelium development; nevertheless, the precise space–temporal signaling activation still needs to be clarified. This study reports a dissection of the pancreatic embryogenesis, highlighting the molecular network surrounding the epithelium–mesenchyme interaction. To investigate this crosstalk, pancreatic epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme, at embryonic day 10.5, were collected through laser capture microdissection (LCM) and characterized based on their global gene expression. We performed a bioinformatic analysis to hypothesize crosstalk interactions, validating the most promising genes and verifying the precise localization of their expression in the compartments, by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Our analyses pointed out also the c-Met gene, a very well-known factor involved in stimulating motility, morphogenesis, and organ regeneration. We also highlighted the potential crosstalk between Versican (Vcan) and Syndecan4 (Sdc4) since these genes are involved in pancreatic tissue repair, strengthening the concept that the same signaling pathways required during pancreatic embryogenesis are also involved in tissue repair. This finding leads to novel strategies for obtaining functional pancreatic stem cells for cell replacement therapies.
Early Detection of Bacteraemia Using Ten Clinical Variables with an Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Lee Kyoung Hwa , Dong Jae June , Jeong Su Jin , Chae Myeong-Hun , Lee Byeong Soo , Kim Hong Jae , Ko Sung Hun , Song Young Goo
Published: October 2019

An adequate model for predicting bacteraemia has not yet been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN)-based prediction model in comparison with previous statistical models. The performance of multi-layer perceptron (MLP), a representative ANN model, was verified via comparison with a non-neural network model. A total of 1260 bacteraemia episodes were identified in 13,402 patients. In MLP with 128 hidden layer nodes, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the prediction performance was 0.729 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.712–0.728), while in MLP with 256 hidden layer nodes, it was 0.727 (95% CI; 0.713–0.727). In a conventional Bayesian statistical method, the AUC was 0.7. The aforementioned two MLP models exhibited the highest sensitivity (0.810). The ranking of clinical variables was used to describe the influential power of the prediction. Serum alkaline phosphatase was one of the most influential clinical variables, and one-out search was the best ranking method for measuring the influence of the clinical variables. Furthermore, adding variables beyond the 10 top-ranking ones did not significantly affect the prediction of bacteraemia. The ANN model is not inferior to conventional statistical approaches. Bacteraemia can be predicted using only the top 10 clinical variables determined by a ranking method, and the model can be used in clinical practice by applying real-time monitoring.
Evaluation of Outcomes and Quality of Care in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Diagnosed by Newborn Screening: A Real-World Nation-Wide Study in France
Authors: Brousse Valentine , Arnaud Cécile , Lesprit Emmanuelle , Quinet Béatrice , Odièvre Marie-Hélène , Etienne-Julan Maryse , Guillaumat Cécile , Elana Gisèle , Belloy Marie , Garnier Nathalie , Chamouine Abdourahim , Dumesnil Cécile , De Montalembert Mariane , Pondarre Corinne , Bernaudin Françoise , Couque Nathalie , Boutin Emmanuelle , Bardakjian Josiane , Djennaoui Fatiha , Ithier Ghislaine , Benkerrou Malika , Thuret Isabelle
Published: October 2019

This study’s objective was to assess, on a national scale, residual risks of death, major disease-related events, and quality of care during the first five years in children diagnosed at birth with sickle cell disease (SCD). Data were retrospectively collected from medical files of all children with SCD born between 2006–2010 in France. Out of 1792 eligible subjects, 1620 patients (71.8% SS or S/beta°-thalassemia -SB°-) had available follow-up data, across 69 centers. Overall probability of survival by five years was 98.9%, with 12/18 deaths related to SCD. Probability of overt stroke by five years in SS/SB° patients was 1.1%, while transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed in 81% before three years of age. A total of 26 patients had meningitis/septicemia (pneumococcal in eight cases). Prophylactic penicillin was started at a median age of 2.2 months and 87% of children had received appropriate conjugate pneumococcal vaccination at one year. By five years, the probability of survival without SCD-related events was 10.7% for SS/SB° patients. In contrast, hydroxyurea was prescribed in 13.7% and bone marrow transplant performed in nine patients only. In this study, residual risks of severe complications were low, probably resulting from a good national TCD, vaccination, and healthcare system coverage. Nonetheless, burden of disease remained high, stressing the need for disease-modifying or curative therapy.
Effects of Pretreatment with Ionic Liquids on Cellulose Hydrolysis under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Funazukuri Toshitaka , Ozawa Shingo
Published: October 2019

Hydrothermal hydrolysis in hot pressurized liquid water (HPLW) is attractive for biomass conversion into valuable products because it achieves high reaction rates without catalysts and additives. The hydrothermal hydrolysis of high crystalline cellulose requires higher reaction temperature than polysaccharides having low crystallinity. It can be expected to increase the reaction rate or decrease temperature by decreasing the crystallinity. In the present study ashless filter paper as a fibrous pure cellulose sample was pretreated with ionic liquids (ILs) such as imidazolium chloride ILs containing alkyl side chains ranging from two to six carbons, and with an aqueous solution of bis(ethylenediamine ammonium) copper (BEDC). Herein, the pretreatment with ILs was to regenerate filter paper: dissolving in ILs at 373 K for 120 min or in an aqueous BEDC solution at room temperature, precipitating by adding water, washing the solid, and then drying. Subsequently, the pretreated filter paper samples were hydrolyzed at 533 K and 5.0 MPa in HPLW in a small semi-batch reactor, and the effects of the pretreatment with ILs or BEDC on reaction rates and product yields were examined. While the crystallinity indexes with all ILs and BEDC after the pretreatments decreased to 44 to 47 from the original sample of 87, the reaction rates and product yields were significantly affected by the IL species. At 533 K and 5.0 MPa, the dissolution rate with [AMIM][Cl] was nine times as fast as that for untreated sample.
Auto-Configuration in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
Authors: Dinh Ngoc-Thanh , Kim Younghan
Published: October 2019

Wireless sensor network (WSN) studies have been carried out for multiple years. At this stage, many real WSNs have been deployed. Therefore, configuration and updating are critical issues. In this paper, we discuss the issues of configuring and updating a wireless sensor network (WSN). Due to a large number of sensor nodes, in addition to the limited resources of each node, manual configuring turns out to be impossible. Therefore, various auto-configuration approaches have been proposed to address the above challenges. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review of auto-configuration mechanisms with the taxonomy of classifications of the existing studies. For each category, we discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of related schemes. Lastly, future works are discussed for the remaining issues in this topic.
Array MEMS Vector Hydrophone Oriented at Different Direction Angles
Authors: Liu Mengran , Nie Lei , Li Shanqiang , Jia Wen , Zhang Lansheng , Zhang Guojun , Zhang Wendong
Published: October 2019

A new type of array MEMS (Microelectro Mechanical Systems) vector hydrophone has been proposed to solve the left-right ambiguity problem that is commonly found in current ones. Meanwhile, the advantages of good sensitivity and low fabrication cost are maintained. The array MEMS vector hydrophone is integrated by four units oriented at different direction angles. By the aid of this kind of vector hydrophone, not only the exact direction of the sound source can be measured, but also the position obtained. The working principle of the array microstructure has been analyzed and simulated. The result shows that the position of the sound source can be well determined. The prototype of the hydrophone is fabricated based on standard MEMS technology, and its performance is tested in a standing wave tube and an anechoic tank. The testing results show that the array hydrophone exhibits a good consistency of all the four units and satisfactory performance. More importantly, this array hydrophone exhibits excellent ability of positioning with the relatively small angle error. Thus, a MEMS hydrophone with multiple functions and relatively high performance is realized, which has important theoretical and practical significance in relevant applications such as the small-size underwater vehicles.
Strength, Defence, and Victory in Battle: Tibetan Medical Institutions and the Ganden Phodrang Army, 1897–1938
Authors: Van Vleet Stacey
Published: October 2019

Au début du XXe siècle, l’impératif de renforcer et de défendre le gouvernement du Ganden Phodrang motiva les réformes tant médicales que militaires au Tibet. Mobilisant les mémoires de médecins tibétains ainsi que d’autres types de sources, cet article examine la relation entre l’armée du Ganden Phodrang et les deux principales institutions médicales du Lhasa de l’époque : le monastère médical de Chakpori (fondé en 1696) et le Mentsikhang ou « Institut de Médecine et d’Astrologie » (fondé en 1916). Entre 1897 et les années 1940, l’armée recruta progressivement davantage de médecins du Chakpori servant auprès des officiers et dans les campements militaires, tandis qu’en 1938 un effort plus concerté fut fourni afin d’établir un « corps médical » tibétain, en recrutant au Mentsikhang une promotion entière d’étudiants issus des régiments militaires. Cette expansion s’inscrivait dans une tendance mondiale plus large, puisque les armées modernes, de la Grande-Bretagne impériale à la Chine, organisaient des services médicaux et sanitaires avec l’objectif de réduire le nombre de décès parmi les combattants et les non-combattants et de remonter le moral des troupes et des civils. Mais si le contexte militaire des rencontres avec les cultures étrangères influença largement l’évolution de la médecine tibétaine au cours de cette période, l’adoption de techniques étrangères se limita principalement à la vaccination jennérienne, tandis que les techniques tibétaines pertinentes, notamment le traitement des blessures, la chirurgie de la cataracte et la divination de la « victoire au combat » (g. yul rgyal) recevaient un nouvel éclairage. Les initiatives du gouvernement du Ganden Phodrang visant à relier ses institutions médicales et militaires reflètent une volonté de renforcer la base bouddhique de sa gouvernance et d’encourager la coopération entre les segments laïcs et monastiques de la société.
I marchi delle spade La Tène conservate al Civico Museo Archeologico di Milano
Authors: Tizzoni Marco
Published: October 2019

La récente révision des matériaux du deuxième âge du Fer du Musée archéologique de Milan a conduit à la découverte d'estampilles sur certaines lames d’épées laténiennes des phases moyenne et récente : deux épées de Nosate (prov. de Milan ) portent un sanglier et un croissant de lune, deux de Magenta (prov. de Milan), un sanglier et un symbole complexe, difficile à interpréter ; enfin, de deux épées de provenance inconnue, l’une porte deux estampilles — sanglier et croissant lunaire —, la seconde une marque impossible à identifier.
Varia
Authors: Hamp Eric P.
Published: October 2019

XV. sur moy. bret. amouc «aide» : gall. amwg «combat , défense ». — XVI. gall. hwde «tiens », composé des éléments parallèles aux particules hitt. šu et lit. te ( : gr. τη «tiens»). — XVII. irl. tromm, gall, trwm «lourd », de *truksmo-, sur truks- «épaisseur, grosseur», cf. gall, trwch, trwsgl et Trwyth. — XVIII. moy. gall. mech- dans mechdeyrn correspond à irl. mass «beau, noble» : mech- de *mag-si- ( : ύψι = gall. uchL) =αγα ; le v. bret. machtiern a été refait sur mach «garantie ». — XIX. Développement syntactique des pronoms suffixés en irl. ancien.
Old Irish fert ‘tie-pole’, fertas ‘swingletree’, and the seeress Fedelm
Authors: Sayers William
Published: October 2019

Dans le char de guerre irlandais, fert/feirtsi ne désigne pas les «brancards», et fertas ne désigne pas le limon. Les feirtsi reliaient la caisse du char à l'essieu ; fertas désignait le palonnier. Examen de quelques autres parties du char.
The englynion of Dafydd ap Gwilym
Authors: Crawford T. D.
Published: October 2019

Étude métrique des englynion de Dafydd ap Gwilym. L’englyn est une forme métrique propre à la poésie galloise, proche de l'épigramme. L'auteur a analysé sur ordinateur différentes données susceptibles de distinguer les englynion authentiques des autres : les types de cynghanedd (= les règles d’assonances et d’allitération combinées de façon stricte dans chaque vers), les autres ornements métriques, les accents dans le vers, les mots composés, les sangiadau (= chevilles), les métaphores. Le premier vers de l’englyn est généralement en cynghanedd sain, le second en cynghanedd groes. Étude précise de l’adaptation de la métrique à la grammaire : le paladr (appendice surnuméraire du premier vers ) peut aller soit avec le vers précédent, soit avec le vers suivant ; Dafydd tend à faire coïncider les vers avec les structures grammaticales. Il évite aussi l’enjambement entre les deux derniers vers de l’englyn, appelés esgyll, «ailes ». Enfin, conclusions sur l’authenticité de chacun des englynion attribués à Dafydd ap Gwilym.
Dialogue pour l'apprentissage
Authors: Roulle Anne , Quinqueton J.
Published: October 2019

Cet article présente un outil, basé sur l'interprétation de phrases en langage naturel, et permettant un accès convivial et évolutif à l'utilisation d'un logiciel d'apprentissage, dans le contexte d'un domaine d'expertise donné.

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre de la convention CNET-CNRS-INRIA n* 837B 007909245 LAA/SLC
ANÁLISIS DE DUREZA Y RESISTENCIA A LA TRACCIÓN DE UN COMPUESTO DE MATRIZ METÁLICA Al-SiO2, UTILIZANDO LATAS DE ALUMINIO Y CÁSCARA DE ARROZ COMO MATERIA PRIMA.
Authors: Andrade-Tacca Cesar A. , Veliz Llayqui Nemesio Edgar , Medina- Caceres Carlos F.
Published: October 2019

En la presente investigación hemos desarrollao un material compuesto de matriz metálica (MCMM) de aluminio reforzada con partículas de ceniza de cascarilla de arroz (CCA). Los MCMM, con sílice amorfa al 2.5 %, 5% en peso (volumen), fueron fabricadas a partir de residuos de aluminio, específicamente latas, y partículas de sílice amorfa (menor a 1mm) obtenidas del quemado de cascarilla de arroz (CA). El proceso de elaboración se basó en la metalurgia por fusión, proceso de mezcla directa para materiales compuestos (MC). Al respecto, se determinó las propiedades mecánicas de la matriz elaborada a partir de la lata, comparándolas con los resultados de los ensayos mecánicos de dureza y resistencia a la tracción obtenidos de los nuevos MCMM. Además, se determinó que mayores concentraciones de sílice amorfa en la matriz aumentaron la dureza de las aleaciones, mientras que un mayor nivel de sílice amorfa disminuyó la elongación.
CONCENTRACIÓN DE METALES PESADOS: CROMO, CADMIO Y PLOMO EN LOS SEDIMENTOS SUPERFICIALES EN EL RÍO COATA, PERÚ.
Authors: Quispe Yana Raúl F. , Belizario Quispe Germán , Chui Betancur Heber N. , Huaquisto Cáceres Samuel , Calatayud Mendoza Alfredo P. , Yábar Miranda Percy S.
Published: October 2019

En el presente artículo se describe la determinación de metales pesados, a saber: cromo (Cr), cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb), en sedimentos superficiales de la cuenca baja del río Coata, considerado como la más importante arteria fluvial afluente del lago Titicaca en Perú. Se evaluó la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua, sedimentos y otros componentes de la diversidad ecológica. La determinación fue hecha en dos épocas del año, en avenida y en estiaje del año 2017 en cinco puntos estratégicos. El rango de concentraciones mínimo y máximo hallado fue de 4.10 mg/kg Cr, 0.10 mg/kg Cd, y 3.75 mg/kg Pb, y 28.42 mg/kg Cr, 0.70 mg/kg Cd, y 16.50 mg/kg Pb, respectivamente.
Algunos valores mínimos hallados superan los mínimos aceptables establecidos en los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental para Suelo del Ministerio del Ambiente del Perú. Las posibles causas de la contaminación detectada son la acción antrópica con impacto en las aguas residuales de la ciudad de Juliaca, Perú. La cuantificación de estos elementos se realizó por espectroscopia de absorción atómica Método EPA.
REACCIONES PRIMARIAS DE ABSTRACCIÓN DE HIDRÓGENO DEL TRANS-1,3-BUTADIENO MEDIANTE RADICAL HIDROXILO.
Authors: González Herrera Rolvideer J. , Martínez-Ramírez Karen R. , Franco Frings Marcos A.
Published: October 2019

Se han investigado en forma teórica los canales de abstracción de los hidrógenos del 1,3-butadieno (C4H6) por hidroxilo radical, en su estado electrónico fundamental, en fase gaseosa y en condiciones normales de presión y temperatura.
Se realizó un estudio de los rotámeros del C4H6, habiéndose encontrado que el confórmero trans es 12,3 kJ/mol más estable que la forma cis. Se determinaron tres canales distintos de abstracción de hidrógenos del C4H6, debido a la presencia de sus tres protones químicamente no equivalentes. Se caracterizaron todas las estructuras
moleculares involucradas en cada canal reactivo, confirmados por sus frecuencias vibracionales, coordenada intrínseca de reacción (IRC) y vectores de transición.
Se utilizó el método del funcional de la densidad (DFT), con el funcional híbrido B3LYP y base de Dunning aug-cc-pVTZ, incorporados en el paquete Gaussian 03. En todos los casos se procedió a extrapolar la energía al límite de base completa (CBS) utilizando un método exponencial y aplicando correcciones de la energía del punto cero (ZPE).
Se reportan energías de activación negativas para los tres canales de reacción y la formación de complejos posreactivos.
CARACTERIZACIÓN MINERALÓGICA Y CRISTALOQUÍMICA DE ZEOLITAS NATURALES BOLIVIANAS.
Authors: Quispe Alejandra R. , Cabrera Saúl O. , Blanco Mario , Villca Lorena , Quispe Erika , García Gustavo
Published: October 2019

Se realizó el muestreo, la caracterización mineralógica, y la determinación cristaloquímica de dos muestras minerales de zeolitas naturales provenientes de los departamentos de Sucre y Oruro, Bolivia, mediante el empleo de técnicas de difracción de rayos-X en polvo, microscopía electrónica de barrido, espectroscopía de energía dispersiva y diversos métodos de refinamiento. Los resultados indican que las muestras provenientes de Sucre presentan una concentración elevada en zeolita fase clinoptilolita tipo potásica. Por otro lado, la muestra mineral proveniente de Oruro resultó estar compuesta de una fase zeolítica fase mordenita con importantes contenidos de arcilla montmorillonita y bajos contenidos de cuarzo. Se utilizaron técnicas de separación gravimétricas y de tamaño de
grano para poder aislarlas de la fase zeolitica y realizar la caracterización cristaloquímica, alcanzándose resultados de concentración de la zeolita de alrededor de 90%. Los resultados de caracterización de estas zeolitas naturales son de gran interés por sus potenciales aplicaciones en diversos campos.
Development of and Lessons from the Institution System of the Common Agricultural Policy in Slovenia
Authors: Neszmélyi Athéné
Published: October 2019

The comprehensive agricultural policy of Slovenia during the setting-up of its agricultural institutional system for implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy has enabled the setting-up and design of the Paying Agency system to handle national and EU subsidies according to schedule. The country has acted on the advice of the European Union to use the introduction of SAPARD measures as a preparatory and experimental field for utilising subsidies after EU accession. Moreover, in addition to the importance of gaining practical experience in the field of implementation of rural development measures, Slovenia has recognised the necessity to become familiar with the application procedures for obtaining direct payments relevant for the largest group of beneficiaries, farmers. Accordingly, farmers have been practicing for 3 years how to fill in application forms, and have gained important experience before opening the most relevant resources. Also, the advisers supporting farmers to obtain subsidies have been trained during the last 3 years, in order to provide real assistance. EU agricultural subsidies are not divided among the Member States; there will be a strong competition not only with the new Member States, but also with the farmers of the more developed EU-15.Slovenia has done its best in order to launch its farmers – due to the different development levels of the EU-25 Member States – into this very strong competition not like pupils, but at least like mature secondary school students.
Loss and Disease Development of Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey in an Organic Apple Orchard
Authors: Holb Imre
Published: October 2019

In a two-year-study, yield loss and temporal development of incidence of Monilinia fructigena were quantified in organic apple orchards and the importance of fruit wounding agents was determined. The first infected fruits were observed at the beginning of August in 2001 and 2002. Disease development was continuous until fruit harvest in both years. Pre-harvest yield loss caused by Monilinia fructigena amounted on average 27.2% in 2001 and 41.6% in 2002 by fruit harvest. The growth rate of disease development was almost double in 2002 compared to 2001. All infected fruits were injured by wounding agents such as aboitic and mechanical injury factors, codling moth (Cydia pomonella), common earwig (Forficula auricularia) and birds. In this study, the most important wounding agents were codling moth and mechanical injury factors in organic apple orchards. In both years, our results showed that 70-80% of the infected fruits were damaged by codling moth in organic apple production. Moreover, 10-15% of the infected fruits were mechanically injured in the two years. Our results indicated that most of the damaged fruits fell on the orchard floor before harvest and they became an important secondary inoculum source of M. fructigena. Biological and practical implications of the results are discussed.
The Effect of Smut Gall Tumour Infection on Iron and Zinc Uptake and Distribution in Maize Seedlings
Authors: Lévai László
Published: October 2019

The amounts of Fe, and Zn were measured in maize seedlings infected by smut gall tumour (Ustilago maydis Dc. Cda.) and in healthy seedlings five days after infection. The amount of elements was also measured under different stress intensities. Due to the infection, as a biotic stress, the amount and distribution of examined elements have been changed. On the bases of the differences in the Fe distribution between the symptoms less and tumorial leaf parts, we have come to the conclusion that the infection also effects the mobilisation of Fe and Zn inside the plants. The Fe uptake was much higher in the infected plants and the tumour development also had an effect on the uptake and distribution of the examined elements. The experiments of infecting maize seedlings by monosporidial strain of crown gall tumour showed no tumour development. We found that the monosporidial strain also acts as a biotic stress and has an effect of iron and zinc distribution. We observed a slight difference in the iron and zinc contents in the roots of corn seedlings infected by different monosporidial sporidium concentrations, while the iron and zinc contents in the shoots were increased by the intensity of the infection. The roots do not form tumours. There is no difference between the roots of the infected and healthy corn seedlings. Since the Fe and Zn contents of the shoots of infected plants depend on the intensity of the infection, we have come to the conclusion that there must exist a „special” communication system regulating the transportation of the examined elements.In the experiments with infected maize seedlings, it became necessary to get the iron chlorosis before the disease reaches the lethal phase. Although most of the iron reserves are located in the embryo, to accelerate the chlorosis, the endosperm was removed, and it was observed, that the iron chlorosis appears later in maize seedlings when the endosperm is removed. The relative chlorophyll content of the first and second leaves was measured in iron efficient and iron deficient maize seedlings at different times.The higher IAA content of tumorial plant tissues is already known. The treatment with IAA decreases the iron concentration in the shoots and in the roots of +Fe precultured plants and increases at -Fe precultured ones. The TIBA retards the shoot-to-root transport of IAA. When the seedlings were treated simultaneously with IAA and TIBA, higher iron concentrations were observed in the shoots and in the roots of corn seedlings.We found extremely high iron concentrations in the roots of infected seedlings and, in line with this, serious damage to the roots was observed that this can be caused by the high iron content generated free radicals. The results demonstrate that IAA has a role in the shoot to root communication.
Effect of Copper, Zinc and Lead and Their Combinations on the Germination Capacity of Two Cereals
Authors: Tomulescu Ioana Mihaela , Radoviciu Edith Mihaela , Merca Vasilica Viorica , Tuduce Adela Dana
Published: October 2019

The majority of researchers have studied the following group of microelements: B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Na, Co, Mo, I, Sn, Cl, Al, V, F, Cr, Hg, Cs, Li, Cd, As, Th, Rb, Cr, W, Ti, Sn, Se, Ba, Br. Sporadically, the following elements have been mentioned too: Au, Ra, Hg and Pb. In this study, the effects of copper treatments and their combination with zinc and lead microelements on the germination of maize and barley were investigated using different concentrations of these microelements. Six treatments were used: 1. Copper-sulphate (CuSO4) applied alone, 2. Zinc-sulphate (ZnSO4) applied alone, 3. Copper applied with zinc, 4. Lead-nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) applied alone, 5. Copper applied with lead and 6. Untreated control. Maize (Kiskun SC 297) and barley caryopsis were treated with copper and zinc solutions in the following concentrations: 0.03%, 0.003% and 0.0003%. Maize and barley caryopsis were treated with these solutions for 12 and 24 hours. Maize and barley caryopsis were also treated with lead solutions Pb(NO3)2 with different concentrations: 0.0005%, 0.005% and 0.05%. Maize and barley were treated with these solutions for 12 and 24 hours. In the combined treatments (3 and 5), the same concentration was used for each microelement as in treatments 1, 2 and 4. Control treatments were treated with water for both plant species. Our results showed that copper microelements significantly inhibit germination compared to the untreated control. The toxicity of copper is higher if concentration increases. Zinc microelements also inhibit germination, however its effect highly depends on the microelement concentration. Treatments of copper + zinc also inhibit germination. The two microelements applied together cause more phytotoxicity than they do alone. Lead is highly toxic to plants even in low concentrations. The toxic effect on germination dramatically increased when lead was applied with copper.
Os efeitos da colecalciferol (vitamina D) no sistema nervoso central em modelos experimentais/ The effects of collecalciferol (vitamin D) on the central nervous system in experimental models
Authors: Ribeiro Herculano Pontes Barros , Bessa Camilo de Souza , Amaral Hugo Alencar de Andrade do , Júnior José Leonardo Gomes Rocha , Aragão João Victor Araujo , Vasconcelos Matheus Carvalho , Brito Jenielson de Sousa Santos , Oliveira Gersilene Valente de
Published: October 2019

A vitamina D engloba um grupo de pró-hormônios lipossolúveis que pode ser obtido pelo corpo através da pele em exposição à luz solar e através intestinal com a absorção de fontes alimentares e suplementos. A diminuição do receptor da vitamina D no cérebro implica em alteração da função neste órgão, no entanto, apesar de um crescente corpo de evidências de que a vitamina D está envolvida no funcionamento do cérebro de mamíferos, tem havido uma falta de evidência direta sobre o seu papel no cérebro humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi  estudar os efeitos da colecalciferol (vitamina d) no sistema nervoso central em modelos experimentais. Para a elaboração do presente estudo, realizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, descritiva voltada para a revisão bibliográfica. Para tanto, foram utilizados fontes advindas de periódicos indexados na base de dados Scielo, Bireme, PubMed e Revistas Eletrônicas. A consulta por meios físicos ocorreu por meio do acesso ao acervo da biblioteca da Sede Parque Ecológico, do Centro Universitário Christus-UNICHRISTUS, em Fortaleza-CE. O período de realização da pesquisa por revisão bibliográfica ocorreu em junho 2017 à agosto 2018. Os dados foram revisados mediante a técnica de revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados de muitas investigações cientificas indicam fortemente que as  disfunções cerebrais estão  associadas com insuficiência ou diminuição de receptores da vitamina D3, corroborando com as Alterações  do sistema nervoso central ou doenças neurodegenerativas. Estudos experimentais foi constatado que a deficiência de vit D foi associada com maior diminuição de volume cerebral e maior níveis de inflamação crônica no SNC, que predispõem a doenças neurológicas. A insuficiência de vitamina D3 foi associada com o desenvolvimento da doença de neurodegenerativas. De acordo com o levantamento bibliográfico exposto neste trabalho, constatou-se que as disfunções cerebrais estão associadas com a atenuação de receptores da vitamina D, pois a importância do colecalciferol como um fator neuroprotetor, visto que a forma ativa da vitamina D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 demonstrou ter efeitos imunomoduladores e pode reduzir a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. No entanto, a cascata para neurotransmissores da vitamina D não esteja bem esclarecida, necessitando de novos estudos
“Gringuinho”, “Diáspora”, “Iracema Voou: Narrated Exile, Sung Exiles
Authors: Magalhaes Carlos Augusto
Published: October 2019

The objective of this article is to discuss sociocultural and existential aspects of migration in the representations “Diaspora”, “Iracema voou” and “Gringuinho.” Living in the original territory line up as time goes by. This perception is shown through the incorporation of practices and culture in the hometown. Therefore, topographic relationships are established. The experiences imprint the feeling of the time lived by, all of this acting upon the construction and maintenance of individual and cultural identities which should go hand in hand with the national identity. The article also intends to notice the interactions of the migrant with the present time-space, and in this sense, take into consideration not only the concept of “new nomads” (HOFFMAN, 1999), but also the senses of the notion of topology. The topological space-time which presents itself and challenges the new immigrants is not only the local-stop moment and shelter of weird displacement, but also, and mainly, the solo-instant in which other subjectivities assimilate and embody other identities, or no, and affective references.