bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospun Membrane for Media Filters: A Review
Authors: da Silva Raul Pirolli , Muniz Edvani Curti , Medeiros Gabriela Brunosi , Aguiar Monica Lopes , Corradini Elisangela
Published: December 2024

The air is a fundamental element for the life on Earth. Rapid urbanization and industrialization release large amounts of pollutants (harmful gases, microorganisms, and particulate matter, among others) into the atmosphere, leading to health hazards. Air filtration is still the most used and promising technique for protecting air against pollutants. The quality and efficiency of filtering process are dependent of the material used for the filter and other filter's properties. Several methods can be used for manufacturing filters, one of them uses fibrous membranes obtained mainly through electrospinning from polymeric solutions. Electrospinning is a technique that combines the application of an electrostatic field to a polymer solution that induces the fluid to move and, due to the solvent evaporation, results in the fibers formation. Electrospun membranes are constituted by fibers that the sizes spread on submicro and or nanometric scales. This review focuses on fiber membranes obtained by electrospinning for filtration of particulate matter. It is addressed the effect of solution, processing, and ambient parameters on the morphology and dimensional characteristics of fiber membranes. The basic principles of air filtration, test, and characterization of filter performance are also presented. The research progress on electrospun nanofibers as air filters in recent years is summarized and discussed. Finally, conclusion and future perspectives in electrospun fibers for air filtration are provided and discussed.
How Are the Properties of Starch‐Based Composites Influenced by the Chemical Treatment of BSG?
Authors: Ramos Georgia W. , Klosowski Ana B. , Lopes Aline C. , Carvalho Giovani A. , Olivato Juliana B.
Published: December 2024

Lignocellulosic fibers from Brewer's spent grain (BSG) represent an ecologically and economically favorable alternative that can act as reinforcing agents for starch‐based polymer composites. Biodegradable composites are produced using cassava starch and BSG of the Pilsen (P) and Weiss (W) types, which are subjected to mercerization (BSM), bleaching (BSP) and a combination of those treatments (BSB). By including treated BSGs, homogeneous matrices with starch are produced, without the presence of pores and/or cracks, as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The tensile strength of the composites is improved by up to 80% and Young's modulus by up to 50% with the addition of BSB(P) and BSB(W) fibers, indicating the role of the materials as reinforcement agents. Bleaching and mercerization treatments are efficient in the exposition of hydroxyl groups of cellulose, resulting in higher hydrophilicity and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the composites containing the BSP and BSM fibers. Biodegradable composites incorporating BSG from the brewing industry have promising properties and can be a viable alternative to non‐biodegradable polymeric packaging.
Bacterial Cellulose Films for Biodegradable Packaging with Essential Oils
Authors: Teixeira Stefani Regina Zibetti , Garcia Michele Cristina Formolo , Silva Denise Abati Kasper , Kurek Ana Paula , Schneider AndréaLima dosSantos , Pezzin Ana Paula Testa
Published: December 2024

Petrochemical polymers provide most packaging materials in the food industry and cause environmental problems due to their non‐biodegradability. Developing biodegradable polymers with additives is a strategy, and bacterial cellulose (BC) presents favorable properties for this application. This work aims to evaluate the effect of essential oils (EOs) of clove, cinnamon, basil, and oregano as additives in BC matrix for application in food packaging. BC membranes are synthesized by the bacteria Komagataeibacter hansenii and incorporated into EOs using ethanol as a solvent. The membranes are characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), antibacterial activity, and soil biodegradation. Furthermore, the samples are also tested for their antifungal potential on the surface of bread slices. FTIR analyses confirm the incorporation of EOs into BC membranes. TGA analysis indicates a slight increase in thermal stability for the incorporated samples. All samples show antibacterial potential, except BC, incorporated with the essential basil oil. The fungal analysis is performed by visually evaluating the appearance of filamentous fungi on the surface of the bread pieces. Soil biodegradation tests demonstrate mass loss for all membranes.
Bacterial Cellulose Membranes Incorporated with Lipase for Oil Degradation
Authors: Silveira Victória Fonseca , da Silva Victória Mendes , Junior Sandro Rogério Kumineck , Garcia Michele Cristina Formolo , Pezzin Ana Paula Testa , de Oliveira Therezinha Maria Novais , Schneider Andrea Lima dos Santos
Published: December 2024

The immobilization of enzymes increases their stability and allows their reuse, and bacterial cellulose (BC) is a material that can be used in this technique. This work aims to produce an enzymatic product to degrade oils and fats using BC as a matrix. Komagataeibacter hansenii bacteria produce BC membranes, and lipase is immobilized on the membranes by ex situ method. Then, the surface of the membranes is modified with zein, a hydrophobic corn protein. The membranes are characterized by TGA, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and oil degradation test. TGA demonstrates higher stability for the membranes with lipase and zein. The FTIR spectrum of pure BC membrane and zein‐modified membrane are very similar because of the high zein coating. SEM analysis shows that zein‐modified membranes with lipase present smaller amounts of pores. Finally, using soy oil, lipase degrades oil even after immobilization during the degradation test.
Pectin Edible Film Obtained from Orange Peel: Characterization and Application to Improve the Quality of Minimally Processed Apples
Authors: Cotrim Monique A. P. , de Ferraz Marina R. F. , Ayres Eliane
Published: December 2024

Brazil is the leading orange juice producer worldwide. Only about 50% of an orange is juice, so an enormous amount of waste is generated annually. In this context, studies involving alternatives for repurposing the remaining 50%, so it is not wasted or sent to landfill, are an issue of responsibility. In the present work, pectin is extracted to obtain a film‐forming solution (FFS). The extracted pectin is classified as high ester pectin since its degree of esterification (%DE) is higher than 50%. The FFS gives rise to transparent films with a low yellowing index. The addition of CaCl2 produces a crosslinked film with a 35% and 50% percentage increase in the contact angle and tensile strength, respectively. A FFS is proposed to be used without and with CaCl2 as edible packaging material. Herein, it is applied as an edible coating (EC), directly onto the peeled apple slices, or as an edible wrapping film. Both strategies aim to delay the browning of apples, evaluated by the browning index (BI). This result is important for the marketing of fresh‐cut fruits since the acceptance by consumers is strongly influenced by visual aspects.
Rice Husk Filled PLA/PBAT Composites for Food Containers: Processability, Rheological and Thermal Properties
Authors: Agostini Nicole Bohm , Kieffer Vanessa Zimmer , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes
Published: December 2024

This study explores the potential of using a composite material made of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT), and rice husk (RH) as an alternative for food containers. Two blends with 10 wt%–20 wt% of PBAT and four composites with 10 wt%–20 wt% of RH reinforcement are evaluated. The composite is created using an internal mixer and is analyzed using torque vs time mixing curves, melt flow index (MFI), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The blends exhibit higher crystallinity and superior mechanical properties compared to composites. Adding RH improves sustainability and decreases costs by utilizing agricultural waste but reduces flexural strength. However, the addition of PBAT increases flexibility, making it suitable for pliable material applications. The composite CO4 with 20 wt% of PBAT and RH demonstrates balanced performance in terms of lower MFI, thermal stability, and flexural strength, making it suitable for food tray applications. Further studies are needed to optimize the mechanical and barrier properties of these composites for specific applications.
Sustainable Alternatives for Packaging: Exploring the Hygroscopicity of Biodegradable Materials Based on PLA, PBAT, and Rice Husk
Authors: Kieffer Vanessa Zimmer , Agostini Nicole Bohm , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes
Published: December 2024

This study explores the potential of sustainable materials by combining biodegradable polymers with agro‐industrial waste. It aims to offer alternatives to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of single‐use food packaging. The aim is to evaluate the potential of a composite material made from a polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT) blend, reinforced with rice husk (RH), as a viable alternative for food packaging. Two blends containing 10–20 wt% of PBAT (BL1 and BL2) and four composites with 10–20 wt% of RH reinforcement (CO1, CO2, CO3, and CO4) are tested to determine the most suitable formulation in terms of barrier properties. The samples are characterized using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), water absorption, and moisture absorption test. FTIR and SEM analyses reveal partial immiscibility between PLA and PBAT in blends BL1 and BL2. In the SEM analyses, composites CO1 and CO3 (10 wt% RH) exhibit better RH dispersion, resulting in lower water absorption and higher moisture barrier properties. However, the hydrophilic nature of RH indicates the need to improve the interaction at the fiber–matrix interface to optimize performance. Additional studies are ongoing to evaluate additional properties and feasibility for large‐scale production, aiming at sustainable industrial applications.
Grinding of CF‐Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites: Is There Contamination in the Process?
Authors: Montagna Larissa Stieven , dos Santos Maikon Stefano , da Silva Thais Ferreira , Montanheiro Thaís Larissa do Amaral , Marini Juliano , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira , Passador Fabio Roberto
Published: December 2024

The growing demand for carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic and thermoset (CFRT) composites, mainly in the aerospace, automotive, and energy industries, is due to obtaining lighter components. However, the amount of waste generated during the CFRT production process and at the end of its useful life has been increasing sharply, urgently requiring viable solutions that create less environmental impact in its final disposal. The mechanical recycling process has been presented as an economically and environmentally viable alternative to minimize the environmental impacts generated by the accumulation of this waste in the environment. Therefore, in this study, possible contaminations arising from the grinding process of waste composites reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) based on thermoplastics, polyamide 6 (CF/PA6), low melting poly (aryl ether ketone) (CF/PAEK), poly (phenylene sulfide) (CF/PPS), and fast‐curing epoxy thermoset, are investigated. The composites are ground in a knife mill, resulting in materials measuring (2.6 ± 1) mm. Through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, it is observed that the thermal profile of the ground composites is not changed; only the CF/PA6 composite shows an increase of 10% in the value of the degree of crystallinity. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer show no metallic contamination from the grinding process. Only low levels of aluminum contamination are observed (below 2.7 wt%), attributed to the comminution step of the waste using an angle grinder adapted to cutting discs with abrasive aluminum oxide grains before the grounding process in the knife mill.
Assessment of Mechanical Degradation in Polyester Fibers for Offshore Mooring through Hydrolysis Processes in Seawater
Authors: da Cruz Daniel Magalhães , Melito Ignacio , da Cruz Júnior Aleones José , Bastos Ivan Napoleão , da Silva Ana Lúcia Nazareth , Vassoler Jakson Manfredini , Clain Fernanda Mazuco , Guilherme Carlos Eduardo Marcos
Published: December 2024

For decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been a prominent material for high‐performance polymer fibers, finding widespread applications in offshore mooring. PET offers cost‐effectiveness, high strength, ease of processing, compatibility with other fibers, and recyclability. This article presents the depolymerization of PET for material aging via hydrolysis conducted with seawater (South Atlantic) at three different elevated temperatures, with hydrolysis time of up to 100 days. Three PET fibers with different linear densities are used, and the experimental investigation involves measuring the breaking strength through yarn break load (YBL) tests to evaluate the effect of hydrolysis conditions (time, temperature) on the mechanical behavior of the multifilaments. A constant reduction in strength is observed for all PETs due to hydrolysis time. However, within the studied temperature range, the maximum strength loss is not always associated with the highest temperature. Additionally, several models are used to fit the effects of hydrolysis exposure time and temperature on yarn strength, providing both 2D and 3D models that describe the phenomenon.
AZ31 Mg Foams Coated with Collagen Solutions: Corrosion Evaluation in a Simulated Environment of Physiological Conditions
Authors: Ccoyllo Mario Dayvid Carbajal , Sotelo Ana María Angulo , Carranza‐Oropeza María Verónica , Fernández‐Morales Patricia
Published: December 2024

AZ31 magnesium alloys stand out as a pivotal alternative for orthopedic applications owing to their inherent attributes of biocompatibility, biodegradability, favorable mechanical properties, and the facilitation of bone regeneration. The Mg AZ31 foams serve as temporary implants thanks to its bioabsorbability, offering the advantage of obviating the need for additional surgical interventions and minimizing associated ailments and discomfort. However, addressing the intrinsic corrosion rate of magnesium is imperative. To mitigate corrosion, surface activation techniques, specifically alkaline activation and hydrofluoric activation, are applied to treat the surfaces of AZ31 alloys. Subsequently, these treated alloys, configured as scaffolds, undergo coating with varying concentrations of collagen solutions (0%, 16%, and 64% w/w). The corrosion rate is then assessed through the hydrogen evolution method within a simulated physiological environment (simulated body fluid [SBF]). The analysis of results employs quantitative techniques, such as atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy and qualitative methods, including electron microscopy with atomic analysis. The outcomes reveal the successful consolidation of the collagen coating, identification of corrosion byproducts, a notable reduction in corrosion rate, and additional indicators providing evidence of potential bone tissue regeneration.
Prophylactic phage administration reduces Salmonella Enteritidis infection in newly hatched chicks
Authors: Agapé Lorna , Menanteau Pierrette , Kempf Florent , Schouler Catherine , Boulesteix Olivier , Riou Mickaël , Chaumeil Thierry , Velge Philippe
Published: December 2024

Salmonellosis outbreaks are global issues primarily associated with the consumption of poultry products, which may be infected with Salmonella. The use of lytic bacteriophages could be a safe and effective approach to reduce Salmonella prevalence in poultry and subsequently the incidence in humans. This study examined the value of prophylactic phage treatment on Salmonella levels in chickens and the effect of such treatment on their overall gut microbiome. We also investigated phage persistence in vivo and resistance emergence against the six‐phage cocktail used. The preventive potential of phages was evaluated on 200 chicks by administering phages via drinking water for 6 days after hatching, followed by the Salmonella Enteritidis challenge on Day 7. The results showed that up to 4 days postinfection, phages had a preventive effect by significantly reducing Salmonella colonization in ceca by three logs. Furthermore, the phage cocktail did not induce dysbiosis, although variations in microbiota in terms of microbial composition were observed between conditions, with the Enterobacteriaceae family being impacted. However, the phage cocktail did not induce a long‐term effect, with Salmonella levels rebounding 8 days after phage treatment was stopped. Overall, our data show that phage prophylaxis can reduce Salmonella colonization and explore ways of improving the effectiveness of phages in limiting infections throughout poultry production.
Use of hatchery-raised fish in validation of daily age estimates for juvenile Common Snook
Authors: Stevens Philip W. , Williams Kyle L. , Pfennig Meredith B. , Schloesser Ryan W. , Trotter Alexis A. , Crane Derek P.
Published: December 2024

Objective

We investigated the validity of daily age estimates for juvenile Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis by using sectioned and sanded sagittal otoliths.

Methods

Common Snook have a protracted spawning season, which is problematic for validation of daily ages because a hatch date—needed to calculate age—cannot be reasonably assigned like it can for species with a short spawning period (<30 days). To help overcome this, two readers independently counted presumed daily increments in otoliths collected from hatchery-reared Common Snook of known age (100–240 days; n = 91).

Result

Differences between known ages and those estimated from otoliths were small (mean absolute difference = 3.4 days) for individuals aged 100 days, but these differences increased after 100 days, mainly due to the crowding of increments along the otolith margin. Underestimation of ages was 8% at 120 days, 29% at 180 days, and 36% at 240 days.

Conclusion

Ideally, analyses based on counts of daily increments in Common Snook otoliths should be limited to fish with an age of 100 days or younger.
Therapeutic potential of Parabacteroides distasonis in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease
Authors: Duan Jinyi , Li Qinmei , Cheng Yan , Zhu Weifeng , Liu Hongning , Li Fei
Published: December 2024

Increasing evidences indicate that the gut microbiota is involved in the development and therapy of gastrointestinal and hepatic disease. Imbalance of gut microbiota occurs in the early stages of diseases, and maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota provides a new strategy for the treatment of diseases. It has been reported that Parabacteroides distasonis is associated with multiple diseases. As the next‐generation probiotics, several studies have demonstrated its positive regulation on the gastrointestinal and hepatic disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, hepatic fibrosis, and fatty liver. The function of P. distasonis and its metabolites mainly affect host immune system, intestinal barrier function, and metabolic networks. Manipulation of P. distasonis with natural components lead to the protective effect on enterohepatic disease. In this review, the metabolic pathways regulated by P. distasonis are summarized to illustrate its active metabolites and their impact on host metabolism, the role and action mechanism in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease are discussed. More importantly, the natural components can be used to manipulate P. distasonis as treatment strategies, and the challenges and perspectives of P. distasonis in clinical applications are discussed.
AI‐Driven Sentiment Analysis for Retail Management: A Graph‐Based DSS Comparing Franchise and Company‐Owned Stores
Authors: Baray Jérôme , Cliquet Gérard
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces an AI‐driven Decision Support System (DSS) for sentiment analysis of customer reviews in Starbucks UK. The methodology involves three main steps: collecting customer reviews from trusted sources, applying AI‐driven preprocessing techniques to extract key attributes, and using Graph Machine Learning techniques to unveil customer satisfaction. A new Graph‐Based Sentiment Analysis Algorithm is proposed to extract object–sentiment pairs from each comment and model relationships through a graph‐based approach. Results indicate a superior performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency compared to cell‐based methods. The analysis identifies drivers of customer satisfaction, including value for money, quality experience, and ambiance.
Evaluating Causal Effects of Increasing Block Pricing Policy on Residential Electricity Consumption in China
Authors: Fang Zheng , Le Thai‐Ha , Yu Jiang , Fan Manyi
Published: December 2024

Using two waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a nationally representative longitudinal household‐level survey, this paper investigates how residential electricity consumption is affected by the increasing block pricing (IBP) policy nationwide. The results from the difference‐in‐differences approach suggest that the IBP policy is effective in reducing households' electricity consumption, and the reduction size is about 43 and 120 kWh for households affected by the second and third block pricing, respectively. Compared to rural households, urban households are found to be less impacted by the IBP policy. Besides, there are heterogeneous effects across various income groups, though the trend of the treatment effects is inconsistent. The findings are proved to be robust to different study samples and different model specifications.
Chemical Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Aged Qingzhuan Tea Alleviating DSS‐Induced Colitis
Authors: Wei Kang , Wei Qiurong , Wei Yang , Peng Lanlan , Cheng Lizeng , Zhu Yuzhi , Wang Yuanfeng , Wei Xinlin
Published: December 2024

Scope: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a serious threat to human health. Qingzhuan tea (QZT), especially aged QZT, was concerned to have a potential effect on the prevention of colitis. In this study, we aim to assess the feasibility of different aged QZT on the alleviation of colitis induced by DSS. Methods and results: A comprehensive investigation into the efficacy of QZT of different aging years was conducted by establishing the animal model of colitis and the cellular inflammation model. The results demonstrated that QZT aged 0–20 years could significantly alleviate the symptoms of colitis. Notably, QZT aged for 5 years (A5) and 10 years (A10) was particularly effective in downregulating the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, via suppressing the activation of the NF‐κB p65 pathway and upregulating the expression of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. The additional upregulation of gut microbiota including Allobaculum and Lactobacillus and superior alleviation on mitochondrial damage may be the mechanisms for A10 to show the better activity than A0 on alleviating colitis. Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of QZT, especially A5 and A10, and provides valuable insights for the development of functional foods targeting colitis.
Dosimetric study of synchrotron rapid beam off control and skip spot function for high beam intensity proton therapy
Authors: Yagi Masashi , Furutani Keith M. , Ogata Toshiyuki , Nomura Takuya , Umezawa Masumi , Liang Xiaoying , Yamada Kei , Yamazaki Hideya , Shimizu Shinichi , Beltran Chris J.
Published: December 2024

Background

All Hitachi proton pencil beam scanning facilities currently use discrete spot scanning (DSS). Mayo Clinic Florida (MCF) is installing a Hitachi particle therapy system with advanced technologies, including fast scan speeds, high beam intensity, rapid beam off control (RBOC), a skip spot function, and proton pencil beam scanning using dose driven continuous scanning (DDCS). A potential concern of RBOC is the generation of a shoulder at the end of the normal spot delivery due to a flap spot (FS) with a flap dose (FD), which has been investigated for carbon synchrotron but not for proton delivery. While investigated, for instance, for Hitachi's installation at MCF, this methodology could be applicable for all future high intensity proton deliveries.

Purpose

No Hitachi proton facility currently uses the proposed RBOC. This study aimed to understand the dosimetric impact of proton FD at MCF by simulating the FS with a Hitachi proton machine in research mode, reflecting the higher proton intensities expected with RBOC at MCF.

Method

Experiments were conducted to simulate MCF RBOC at Kyoto Prefecture University of Medicine (KPUM) in research mode, reducing delay time (Td) from 1.5 ms to 0.1 ms. 5,000 contiguous spots were delivered on the central axis for proton energies of 70.2, 142.5, and 220.0 MeV; at normal, high dose rate (HDR), and ultra‐high dose rate (uHDR) intensities; and at vertical and horizontal gantry angles for different Td. Measurements were taken using a fast oscilloscope and the nozzle's spot position monitor (SPM) and dose monitor (DM). A model was developed to predict FD dependence on beam intensity and assess the dosimetric impact for prostate and brain treatment plans. Two simulation types were planned: a flap DSS plan with FS at every spot and a flap DDCS plan with FS only at the end of each layer.

Result

FD was observed for RBOC with Td = 0.1 ms, showing no gantry angle dependence. FD increased with higher delayed dose rate (DDR), that is, beam intensity. The planning study showed dose volume histogram deterioration with increased FD compared to the clinical plan, but it was only significant for uHDR intensities. Deterioration was marginal in flap DSS plans for the HDR intensities planned at MCF, and flap DDCS plans were even less sensitive than flap DSS plans.

Conclusion

MCF is installing proton DDCS with higher beam intensities, a skip spot function, and fast beam‐off control. The resulting FD had an insignificant impact on dose distribution for two patient plans with both DSS and DDCS at the anticipated MCF intensities. However, significant dependence was observed in the case of uHDR. A method to measure the position and dose of the FS during commissioning is described in addition to recommendations for regular QA and log‐based proton patient‐specific quality assurance.
Systematic Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Sensations to Improve Management of LUTS: ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: de Rijk Mathijs , Hentzen Claire , Selai Caroline , Musco Stefania , Lombardo Riccardo , van Koeveringe Gommert , Chapple Christopher , Abrams Paul , Wyndaele Jean J. , McCloskey Karen
Published: December 2024

Aims

Lower urinary tract (LUT) sensations form an essential part of diagnostic criteria for many LUT symptoms, additionally LUT sensations are used to evaluate the effectivity of therapeutic interventions. The accurate measurement of LUT sensations, however, is severely hampered by the subjective nature of these sensations.

Methods

This paper summarizes the discussions from the 2024 meeting of the International Consultation for Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS 2024) regarding systematic evaluations of LUT sensations and the design of more objective tools to measure these.

Results

Here, we discuss factors that influence sensations that are under the control of the caregiver/investigator, the signaling of sensations from the LUT toward the central nervous system, and currently used diagnostic tools to measure LUT sensations. Recent methodological advances to objectively measure factors that correspond with changes in LUT sensations are introduced along with recommendations for future research to optimally enable objective assessment of processes underlying LUT sensations.

Conclusions

Advancing the objective measurement of LUT sensations will require interdisciplinary collaboration, integrating insights from neuroscience, engineering, and clinical practice. Such efforts hold the potential to transform patient care by enabling more precise diagnostics and personalized therapeutic strategies.
Structure‐Preserving Model Reduction Approach for Structured Index‐2 Descriptor‐Systems
Authors: Hossain Mohammad‐Sahadet , Khan Ekram Hossain , Uddin M. Monir , Omar Sufi Galib
Published: December 2024

This article presents a balancing‐based algorithm for reducing the complexity of structured discrete‐time linear time‐invariant (DT‐LTI) index‐2 descriptor systems. The proposed algorithm involves projecting the index‐2 system onto a hidden manifold, which converts it into a generalized system. However, this causes the system to lose its sparsity and become dense, which is impractical for large‐scale systems. To overcome this issue, the authors enhance the Smith‐based iterative method for solving discrete‐time algebraic Lyapunov equations, which allow for balanced truncation without explicitly forming the dense system. The proposed algorithm is shown to be efficient and robust through numerical simulations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Eco‐Friendly Epoxy Resins and Novel Fillers for Enhanced Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel
Authors: Patil Himanshu A. , Maske Varad A. , More Aarti P.
Published: December 2024

Epoxy resins are often used as protective coatings because of their exceptional adhesion, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and anticorrosive properties. However, the use of bisphenol A (BPA)‐based epoxies has been linked to environmental and health concerns. The objective of this study was to develop eco‐friendly epoxy coatings for mild steel corrosion protection using bio‐based resorcinol (RESO) and isosorbide (ISO), as well as the development of novel Zn‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Ce‐bentonite fillers. The epoxy resins were synthesized by reacting resorcinol and isosorbide or their combinations with epichlorohydrin, with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Zn‐Al LDH and Ce‐bentonite were produced through co‐precipitation and ion exchange techniques. Five eco‐friendly epoxy formulations were synthesized by varying the concentrations of resorcinol and isosorbide. The plain epoxy coating and composite coatings, consisting of 3, 5, or 7 wt.% LDH/clay fillers were analyzed. FTIR was used to examine the resin's epoxide groups. 100% RESO epoxy demonstrated superior adhesion, hardness, chemical resistance, water absorption, and corrosion prevention compared with other epoxy‐based coating formulations. When it comes to the mechanical properties of coatings, Zn‐Al LDH‐based coatings have better scratch hardness than Ce‐Bentonite due to their layered structure, which enables robust interfacial contact with epoxy and better stress transfer. Salt spray tests revealed that resorcinol‐based epoxy coatings with 5 wt.% filler exhibited outstanding corrosion resistance after 500 h. Therefore, this research offers bio‐based epoxies and LDH/clay composites as an environmentally friendly, high‐performance alternative to petroleum‐based BPA epoxies for anticorrosion coatings.
Outcomes Based on Histological Tumor Necrosis and Predictive Clinical and Laboratory Parameters for Necrosis in Children With Osteosarcoma Treated on a Non‐High Dose Methotrexate‐Based Chemotherapy Backbone
Authors: Parambil Badira Cheriyalinkal , Khemani Poonam , Puri Ajay , Gulia Ashish , Prasad Maya , Gollamudi Venkata Ram Mohan , Ramadwar Mukta , Rekhi Bharat , Panjwani Poonam , Nayak Prakash , Pruthi Manish , Qureshi Sajid , Purandare Nilendu , Janu Amit , Pawar Akash , Adhav Komal , Chinnaswamy Girish
Published: December 2024

Background

Histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) measured as tumor necrosis (TN) has been reported to be prognostic post–high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX)‐based chemotherapy. We studied this on a non‐HDMTX chemotherapy backbone.

Materials and Methods

Children ≤15 years, with osteosarcoma treated on OGS‐2012 protocol and surgery post NACT from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. TN was expressed as percentage. Outcomes based on different TN cutoffs (used in a dichotomized manner dividing the cohort into two groups of less than/greater than the particular cutoff) and clinical‐laboratory parameters predictive of TN were studied.

Results

Analysis was done in 258 patients. Amputation was performed in 20.1%. Median TN was 94%. At a median follow‐up of 38 months (range: 34–45 months), 3‐year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of the whole cohort were 56.1% (SE: 3.3%) and 87.8% (SE: 2.4%). For entire cohort, TN‐70% (29.3% vs. 60.7%), 90% (38.7% vs. 69.0%), 100% (50.8% vs. 84.1%), were prognostic for EFS (p = 0.0001), while TN‐90% (80.3% vs. 92.9%, p = 0.006) and 100% (85.5% vs. 97.7%, p = 0.023) were prognostic for OS. For localized disease, TN‐70% (35.4% vs. 66.4%), 90% (41.6% vs. 77.0%), 100% (54.8% vs. 96.2%) were prognostic for EFS (p = 0.0001) and OS (p = 0.0001). For metastatic disease, TN‐70% was prognostic for EFS (16.6% vs. 50.1%, p = 0.0047). Receiver‐operator curve derived cutoff of 85.5% TN for EFS, 83.5% TN for OS prognosticated whole and localized cohorts the best. For metastatic cohort, 84.5% TN best prognosticated EFS. Among clinical‐laboratory parameters, male gender (OR: 1.9, p = 0.01) and amputation (OR: 2.1, p = 0.014) had a higher risk of less than 90% TN.

Conclusions

Tumor necrosis at 90% cutoff in localized disease is prognostic of survival even on a non‐HDMTX‐based backbone, but exploring other cutoffs for survival predictive and prognostic value could guide future treatment modification strategies and resource allocation in LMICs. Amputation, male gender predicts poor histological necrosis.
A Decade of Achievements: International Society of Paediatric Oncology Baseline Nursing Standards
Authors: Abramovitz Linda Z. , Sullivan Courtney E. , Punjwani Rehana , Challinor Julia , Anwarali Shenila , Hollis Rachel , Morrissey Lisa , Afungchwi Glenn Mbah , Day Sara W.
Published: December 2024

The six International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Baseline Nursing Standards provide the first evidence‐based framework for assessing and improving pediatric oncology nursing practice settings in low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries. Over the past 10 years, the standards have been translated to six languages, endorsed by 13 organizations, surveyed at 101 hospitals in 54 countries, and initiatives have been documented at over 63 institutions in 31 countries. Going forward, the SIOP Nursing Network's Baseline Standards Special Interest Group has established a 5‐year strategic plan to guide advocacy, research, and standards implementation through global multidisciplinary collaboration.
Exploring the role of grafting in abiotic stress management: Contemporary insights and automation trends
Authors: Razi Kaukab , Suresh Preethika , Mahapatra Pritam Paramguru , Al Murad Musa , Venkat Ajila , Notaguchi Michitaka , Bae Dong Won , Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy , Muneer Sowbiya
Published: December 2024

Grafting is a technique that involves attaching a rootstock to the aerial part of another genotype or species (scion), leading to improved crop performance and sustainable growth. The ability to tolerate abiotic stresses depends on cell membrane stability, a reduction in electrolyte leakage, and the species of scion and rootstock chosen. This external mechanism, grafting, serves as a beneficial tool in influencing crop performance by combining nutrient uptake and translocation to shoots, promoting sustainable plant growth, and enhancing the potential yield of both fruit and vegetable crops. Grafting helps to enhance crop production and improve the capacity of plants to utilize water when undergoing abiotic stress, particularly in genotypes that produce high yields upon rootstocks that are capable of decreasing the impact of drought stress on the shoot. The rootstock plays a pivotal role in establishing a grafted plant by forming a union between the graft and the rootstock. This process is characterized by its integrative, reciprocal nature, enabling plants to tolerate abiotic stress conditions. Grafting has been shown to alleviate the overproduction of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in the leaves and roots and enhance drought tolerance in plants by maintaining antioxidant enzyme activities and stress‐responsive gene expression. Phytohormones, such as cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin, play a critical role in maintaining rootstock‐scion interactions. This review unveils the role of grafting in mitigating various environmental stressors, establishment of a robust graft junction, physiology of rootstock‐scion communication, the mechanism underlying rootstock influence, hormonal regulations and the utilization of agri‐bots in perfect healing and further cultivation of vegetable crops through grafting.
The impact of body mass index on rehabilitation outcomes after lower limb amputation
Authors: Dubin Andrew , Zarreii Parisa , Sharififar Sharareh , Nixon Ryan M. , Conic Rosalynn R. Z. , Pendem Kailash , Vincent Heather K.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To determine the effect of obesity on physical function and clinical outcome measures in patients who received inpatient rehabilitation services for lower extremity amputation.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients with lower extremity amputation (n = 951). Patients were stratified into five categories adjusted for limb loss mass across different levels of healthy body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. Outcomes included the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument functional scores (GG section), discharge home, length of stay (LOS), therapy time, discharge location, medical complications and acute care readmissions. Deep learning neural networks (DLNNs) were developed to learn the relationships between adjusted BMI and discharge home.

Results

The severely obese group (BMI > 40 kg/m2) demonstrated 7%–13% lower toileting hygiene functional scores at discharge compared to the remaining groups (p < .001). The severely obese group also demonstrated 8%–9% lower sit‐to‐lying and lying‐to‐sitting bed mobility scores than the other groups (both p < .001). Sit‐to‐stand scores were 16%–21% worse and toilet transfer scores were 12%–20% worse in the BMI > 40 kg/m2 group than the other groups (all p < .001). Walking 50 ft with two turns was most difficult for the BMI > 40 kg/m2 group, with mean scores 7%–27% lower than the other BMI groups (p = .011). Wheelchair mobility scores for propelling 150 ft were worst for the severely obese group (4.9 points vs. 5.1–5.5 points for all other groups; p = .021). The LOS was longest in the BMI > 40 group and shortest in the BMI < 25 group (15.0 days vs. 13.3 days; p = .032). Logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI > 40 kg/m2 was associated with lower odds risk (OR) of discharge‐to‐home (OR = 0.504 [0.281–0.904]; p < .022). DLNNs found that adjusted BMI and BMI category were ranked 11th and 12th out of 90 model variables in predicting discharge home.

Conclusion

Patients with severe obesity (>40 kg/m2) achieved lower functional independence for several tasks and are less likely to be discharged home despite higher therapy volume than other groups. If a patient is going home, obesity will pose unique demands on the caregivers and resources can be put in place to help reintegrate the patient into life.
Supporting safe use of clozapine
Authors: Aigbekaen Tolu , Parker Caroline
Published: December 2024

Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment resistant schizophrenia. It however can have serious side effects and interactions with other medicines which primary care clinicians should be cognisant of and able to monitor and manage.
Differential diagnosis and management of the red eye in primary care
Authors: Mamtora Sunil , Ng Vincent , Atan Denize
Published: December 2024

There are many possible differential diagnoses for the patient with a red eye. This article provides a pragmatic approach to the diagnosis and management of red eye, the most common eye problem presenting to primary care.1,2 The authors describe how to take a history and examine a red eye in primary care, highlighting the red flag symptoms and signs that indicate an urgent ophthalmology referral is required.
The Effects of Weekly Levels of Supervisor Support and Workload on Next Week Levels of Well‐Being, Satisfaction, and Performance as Mediated by Weekend Work Recovery
Authors: Cheyroux Pierre , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Colombat Philippe , Blechman Yael , Gillet Nicolas
Published: December 2024

This diary study sought to examine the direct and indirect effects of individuals' perceptions of supervisor support and workload during a work week (week 1) on their well‐being, satisfaction, and performance at work during the following work week (week 2) as mediated through the quality of their weekend work recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) and sleep quantity. Moreover, we also investigated the possible interaction between supervisor support and workload in the prediction of weekend recovery experiences and sleep quantity. A sample of 90 second‐year nursing students taking part in a professional internship completed self‐report questionnaires after each of their five working days during week 1 (i.e., supervisor support and workload), then at the end of the day for 2 days during the weekend (i.e., recovery experiences and sleep quantity), and finally after each of their five working days during week 2 (i.e., workplace well‐being, performance, and satisfaction). Our results revealed indirect effects of supervisor support on workplace well‐being and job satisfaction, as mediated by weekend recovery experiences. Workload was also associated with higher levels of sleep quantity during the weekend and had a direct negative association with the levels of satisfaction and well‐being experienced during the following week. Furthermore, workload was associated with better weekend recovery experiences for participants exposed to low levels of supervisor support in week 1. Alternatively, the positive effects of supervisor support on weekend recovery experiences were attenuated as workload levels increased. Theoretical and practical implications of the present study are discussed.
Molecular Engineering of AIE‐Active Photosensitizers with High Biosafety for Effect Extracellular Antibacteria
Authors: Ma Ke , Dong Jianxia , Yan Dingyuan , Wang Deliang , Wang Yuanwei , Wang Jianxing , Wang Dong , Tan Hui , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2024

Developing versatile photosensitizers to actualize selective antibacteria over normal cells presents an appealing yet significantly challenging task. In this study, a novel photosensitizer named DMMA‐SCPI is rationally designed and facilely synthesized, which is demonstrated as a type‐I photosensitizer featured by aggregation‐induced emission tendency. DMMA‐SCPI is capable of effectively eliminating both Galanz positive bacteria and Galanz negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo, and showed insignificant injury to normal cells and tissues, probably resulting from its pyridinium halide that has stronger adsorption property on negatively charged bacteria compared to normal cells, as well as its suitable antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of pyridinium salt type photosensitizer depends on the adsorptive activities on the surface of bacterial cells as well as the antimicrobial activity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among three photosensitizers, DMMA‐SCPI has better water solubility, which provides greater surface activity to adsorb bacteria. Moreover, DMMA‐SCPI produces more superoxide anion radicals as ROS, which has proper antimicrobial activity with high biosafety for effect extracellular antibacteria.
High‐Responsivity Self‐Powered Photoelectrochemical UV Photodetector Based on Integrated Self‐Supporting SiC/ZnS Heterojunction Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Zou Bocong , Yang Yang , Wang Hulin , Li Weijun , Wang Lin , Gao Fengmei , Zhang Dongdong , Gloginjić Marko , Erić Marko , Petrović Srdjan , Yang Weiyou , He Huan , Chen Shanliang
Published: December 2024

In the realm of photodetector (PD) technology, photoelectrochemical (PEC) PDs have garnered attention owing to their inherent advantages. Advances in this field depend on functional nanostructured materials, which are pivotal in improving the separation and transport of photogenerated electron–hole pairs to improve device efficiency. Herein, a highly photosensitive PEC UV PD is built using integrated self‐supporting SiC/ZnS heterojunction nanowire array photoelectrodes through anodization and chemical deposition. Compared with the original SiC nanoarrays, the optimized SiC/ZnS‐25 nanoarrays exhibit high photocurrent density (Dph, 809.2 µA cm−2), rapid rise/decay times (τr/τd, 4/21 ms), high responsivity (Rλ, 1.226 A W−1), remarkable detectivity (D*, 2.517 × 1011 Jones), and large external quantum efficiency (EQE, 40.57%) under 375 nm UV light with a bias voltage of 0.6 V. Furthermore, SiC/ZnS‐25 delivers excellent self‐powered performance, with Rλ, D*, and EQE reaching 0.91 A W−1, 1.69 × 1011 Jones, and 30.24%, respectively. In addition, the device exhibits excellent long‐term operation and aging stability under a bias voltage of 0.6 V and under self‐powered conditions. The excellent photodetection behaviors of the SiC/ZnS PEC PD are mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of the novel well‐aligned nanowire geometry, heterojunction with ZnS nanofilms of optimal thickness, and integrated self‐supporting configuration of the photoelectrode.
An Electrochemical Oxidation and Intercalation Strategy for Iodide Removal Using LDHs
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Ren Tengxiao , Zhang Jian , Qiu Shixin , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2024

Radioactive iodide harms the ecosystem and human health, necessitating its immobilization to mitigate aquatic iodine pollution. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a family of 2D clays with intercalated anions and controllable interlayer structures, are technologically and economically viable adsorbents to eliminate various anion pollutants. However, LDHs exhibit an extremely low affinity toward iodide species. Here, an electrochemical oxidation and intercalation strategy is developed to successfully remove and immobilize iodide using LDHs. The iodide can be transformed into I2/I3− and subsequent IO3− ions on NiFe‐LDH/CC electrode at 0.6 and 1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), with an iodine adsorption capacity of 962 and 355 mg g−1, respectively. I2/I3− are adsorbed on the surface of NiFe‐LDH with a weak interaction, while IO3− inserts into the interlayer of LDH with a high affinity due to the strong hydrogen bonding and coordination between IO3− and Ni atoms. This LDH‐based electrochemical removal strategy also has high adaptability to a low iodide concentration, wide pH range, and outstanding ion selectivity. This study can lay the foundation for efficient iodide elimination and immobilization from radioactive liquids.