bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Courage of Students Qualifying to Teach in Special Education
Authors: Nitza Shachar , Lea Baratz
Published: November 2016

 

A large body of research has discussed the issue of moral courage, but there is a lack of research on students who are qualifying to teach in special education. Moral courage is considered as the bridge between talking about values and actually implementing them. Ten special education students in their last year of studies in a large college in Israel participated in the research. Most of the student teachers chose special education for personal or family-related reasons. Data were collected with qualitative research tools: portfolios, field diaries, and partially-structured interviews and analyzed by qualitative research methods, identifying in the students’ stories themes, which were divided into categories. Two kinds of courage were described; courage as a part of the teaching process, when the students independently decided to teach differently from how they were expected to teach, and courage in an exceptional act in which they intervened for the sake of one single child. In every case the students were aware of the fact that they risked their professional future, their “good name” and their studies in the college. Several motives were identified for their behavior: ideological motives, altruism and caring, moral inner motive and responsibility for others, personal reasons that were connected to their own past history, and the existence of support from college instructors.
Emphasizing the Role of the Insulator in Electric Circuits: Toward a More Symmetric Approach to Insulator and Conductor in the Instruction of Electricity
Authors: Bar Varda , Azaiza Ebtisam , Azaiza Dima , Shirtz Aviv Spector
Published: November 2016

Instruction of electricity at the elementary and middle school level as recommended by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), suggests that students should develop mental models that can be applied both to the open circuits of static electrical phenomena, and to closed electric circuits. They suggest starting the instruction of electricity by presenting experiences regarding electrostatic. The threshold concepts given by them are insulator and conductor take on a new importance, and common misconceptions concerning these terms should be acknowledged. The current paper reports the results of a learning study designed to avoid common pupil’s misconceptions, especially regarding the insulator.
Socioeconomic Impact of Artisanal and Small Scale Mining on the Mambilla Plateau of Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Y. M. Ahmed , E. D. Oruonye
Published: November 2016

Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (ASM) is an important livelihood activity to most rural dwellers living in communities endowed with mineral resources. Mining in Taraba state is dominated by informal mining activities undertaken by individuals or groups who rely heavily on manual labour, using simple implements and methods. This artisanal and small scale miners’ indiscriminately carryout extensive mining activities without any consideration to the environment and other users. Despite serious dangers posed by this activity, artisanal gemstone mining operations continue to spread due to; rise in the demand for gemstone and unattractive nature of other means of livelihoods such as farming in the rural areas where the mineral is substantially available. This study therefore examines the socio-economic impact of artisanal and small scale mining on the Mambilla plateau area of the state. The research design involved the use of field observation and structured questionnaires to collect data required for the study. The findings of this study revealed that ASMs operation in the study area were informal and classified as “Rush” ASM. The involvement of people of different sex, age and other social groups in ASM operations in the study area to generate income was largely poverty driven. The noncompliance of ASM operations to mining rules, regulations and environmental laws accounted for the socioeconomic impacts observed in the study area.
The Search for a Culture of Bribery in Cameroon
Authors: Fry Lincoln J.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: This paper addresses systematic corruption in Cameroon. Based on the literature review and a previous study, the research question was “does a culture of bribery exist in Cameroon, and what are its predictors? Method and materials: Data for this study was collected by the Afrobarometer project from 1,200 Cameroonian respondents Based on self-reported data, the research attempted to determine the volume of bribes paid by respondents to receive public services. Results: Overall, the findings revealed the existence of a culture of bribery in Cameroon; forty-five percent of the respondents reported paying bribes within the last year and 30 percent reported paying two or more bribes in that same time period. Logistical regression analysis revealed that 7 variables were significant predictors of payment of bribes. Being the victim of a property crime was the strongest predictor, which, in turn, drew attention to the role of the police in Cameroon’s bribery culture.
Smoking and Depression among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Ghimire Madhusudhan , Sharma Achala , Ghimire Moushami
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Healthcare workers are a special public icon for the community because people would like to adopt and implement their knowledge, skill, attitude and behaviour for improving quality of health. People respect them for their knowledge and health behavior. It is believed that the level of health status of health workers as well as community should go ahead parallel but many researchers have noted that high risk behaviours (smoking, tobacco use, alcoholism, irregular diet intake, lack of exercise etc.) are prevalent among health workers. The result of this will be physical, psychological, familial and social disturbance, which might have an impact on health care delivery system of the country. The study was concerned to assess health status (body mass index, smoking and depression) of healthcare workers and its impact on social adjustment in Banke district of Nepal.

Methods: A cross sectional study design was applied to conduct the research. One hundred and eight respondents were selected through random sampling from the purposive group. Data wa collected through interview by using interview schedule. SPSS-16 windows process was used to analyze data.

Results: Most of the respondent (81.40%) were under the age group less than 30 years (M = 27.35, SD = 9.24 years). More than 57.40% of respondents were female. Most of them (68.50%) were unmarried. Maximum (82.20%) responders had normal Body Mass Index (18.5-24.99). Near about forty percent (38.9%) healthcare worker had faced social problems in their working area.

Conclusion: Age (above 20 years) and male healthcare workers were more likely to smoke cigarettes. Depressed health workers were more likely to smoke cigarette. Depression could be observed as a determinant for social adjustment.
Bacterial Translocation as a Cause of Postoperative Sepsis in Surgical Patients Undergoing Laparotomy
Authors: Thapa Neeraj , Hamal Bhairav Kumar , Yadav Nagendra Prashad , Thapa Ghanashyam
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Bacterial translocation is the invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria through the gut mucosa to normally sterile tissues and the internal organs. Objective of the study is to examine the spectrum of bacteria involved in translocation in surgical patients undergoing laparotomy and to determine the relation between nodal migration of bacteria and the development of postoperative septic complications.

Methods: Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)culture was done in patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries fulfilling the inclusion criteria.

Results:Bacterial translocation was identified in 22 (44.8%) patients. The most common organism identified was Escherichia coli (n=11, 50%). Both enteric bacteria, typical of indigenous intestinal flora, and non-enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative septic complications developed in four (11%) patients. Septic morbidity was more frequent when a greater diversity of bacteria resided within the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Conclusion: Bacterial translocation is associated with an increase in the development of postoperative sepsis in surgical patients. The organisms responsible for septic morbidity are similar in spectrum to those observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data strongly support the gut origin hypothesis of sepsis in humans. Besides, there is increased bacterial translocation in patients undergoing emergency procedures.

Keywords: bacteria • laparotomy • postoperative • sepsis • translocation
Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Kaur Narinder , Aryal Shreyashi
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a cause of pregnancy related mortality and its incidence is on the rise. The aim of modern management of ectopic pregnancy should be to diagnose ectopic pregnancy accurately, so that women can seek prompt diagnosis and treatment and optimize their future fertility.

Methods: This prospective study was done for a period of one year in patients suspected clinically to have ectopic pregnancies which were subsequently confirmed by pregnancy test and ultrasonography (n=17). The following parameters: age and parity of the patient, relevant past medical and surgical history, significant clinical findings at presentation, management done and outcome of the management were noted.

Results: Most patients 13 (76.47%) were in the age group of 20-25 years and 16 (94.11%) of them presented with acute pain abdomen. In all cases, emergency laparotomy was performed. There were 16 cases of tubal ectopic and one of ovarian pregnancy. Right side was affected in 14 (82.35%) cases including one right sided ovarian ectopic. Tubal rupture was found in 10 (58.82%) patients. The most common 12 (75%) site of tubal pregnancy was ampullary. Salpingectomy was performed in 14 (82.35%) cases. All patients were discharged byseventh postoperative day.

Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy can be suspected clinically by history and associated risk factors. Women presenting with acute pain abdomen with a positive urine β-hCG test should be promptly diagnosed and treated without undue delay to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
Efficacy of Ketamine Gargle in Attenuating Postoperative Sore Throat
Authors: Sharma Ram Prashad , Vaidya Pradip Raj , Chand Man Bahadur
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation that affects the patient satisfaction after surgery. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of ketamine gargle with placebo in preventing POST after endotracheal intubation.

Methods: Sixty eight patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups, 33 in study group and 35 in control group. Study group patients were asked to gargle with ketamine (50 mg in 1 ml mixed with 29 ml of drinking water) 10 minutes before induction for 30 seconds. Controls were made to do so with 30 ml of drinking water. POST was graded at one, two, four, and 24 hrs after operation on a four-point scale (0-3). The outcome measures were compared between two groups in terms of occurrence of POST and severity of POST at one, two, four, and 24 hr to determine the efficacy of ketamine.

Results: Occurrence of POST was significantly less in study group at four hours. Severity of POST was significantly low in study group at one, two and four hours as compared to that in controls. It was comparable at 24 hours.

Conclusion: Ketamine gargle significantly reduced the occurrence and severity of POST.
Pattern of Dermatological Disease and its Relation to Gender in Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Pratistha , Mikrani Jameel Akhtar
Published: November 2016

Introduction: The pattern of skin disease differs in different countries, and within various region of a country depending on socio-economic, racial and environmental factors. Many researchers have reported various patterns of skin disease in different countries. This type of study has not been done in this part of country. So, we decided to study, assess and compare the different pattern of dermatological disease in patients visiting our centre.

Methods: This was retrospective study done from the hospital record of Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital (LMCTH). The study was carried out from September 2014 to December 2014 while the data were accessed from the records of respondents from September 2013 to August 2014. The diagnosis was categorized into 10 groups. The diagnosiswhich did not fit any category was kept in "Others". The 10 categories include acne, bacterial infection, dermatophytes, eczema, leprosy, pigmentory diseases, psoriasis, scabies, urticaria and viral infection. Data was collected based on gender and categorized according to the diagnosis. Microsoft Excel was used for data entry while all the analysis both descriptive and inferential statistics was done using SPSS version 21.

Results: There were a total of 7967 patients visiting Dermatology OPD. Out of the total patient, there were 52.10% female and 47.89% male and this difference was statistically significant. In both gender eczema was the most common skin disease. Eczema was significantly more common in male whereas acne was significantly common in female. Most of the patients were from age group of 15-30 yrs with eczema being commonest in this age group.

Conclusion: Eczema and dermatophytes are the most common dermatological diseases. Eczema is significantly more common in male. Acne is significantly more common in female.
Anterior and middle superior alveolar block is efficient for maxillary premolar teeth extractions regardless of the injection system or anesthetic with adrenaline used
Authors: Tomic Slavoljub , Simic Ivana , Stanojevic Mihael , Jankovic Svetlana , Todorovic Ljubomir
Published: November 2016

Introduction. The anterior and middle superior alveolar nerve block was
claimed to be unpredictably efficient for clinical application. Objective.
The aim of this report was to establish the efficacy of the anterior and
middle superior alveolar nerve block, applied with a computer-controlled
injection system or a conventional syringe, for upper premolars extraction.
Methods. Sixty healthy adults were divided into two groups regarding the
device used as follows: the first group was injected by a computer-controlled
injection system, and the second group by a conventional syringe. Pain
ratings were obtained via a visual analog scale (VAS) and a verbal rating
scale (VRS). Results. Anterior and middle superior alveolar injection enabled
a painless extraction in all patients, regardless of the local anesthetic or
injection system used. It was slightly less painful when administered by a
computer-controlled injection system, but insignificantly when evaluated by
VRS. Conclusion. The anterior and middle superior alveolar nerve block may be
recommended if maxillary permanent premolars have to be extracted.
Prosthetic treatment after teeth extractions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Radovic Katarina , Obradovic-Djuricic Kosovka , Cairovic Aleksandra , Glisic Mirko , Djurisic Slobodan
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Good and well balanced diet provided by adequate mastication is
part of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The critical
period presents the time immediately after teeth extractions; hence,
immediate denture is a rational therapeutical choice for diabetic patients.
The presence of immediate denture and its compression might compromise wound
healing process, affect chewing ability, food intake and consequently blood
glucose level in type 2 DM patients. Objective. The objective of this study
was to compare socket opening diameters (SOD), chewing ability, changes in
blood glucose level and food intake in type 2 DM patients with and without
maxillary immediate complete denture (MICD) during a three-week wound healing
period. Methods. The study comprised 78 type 2 DM partially removable denture
wearers (42 candidates for teeth extractions and 36 candidates for teeth
extractions and insertion of MICDs). During the three-week period
participants were followed for SOD, chewing ability and changes in blood
glucose level and food intake. Results. Patients with MICD showed
significantly lower reduction of SOD (seventh, 14th, 21st day) and higher
chewing ability (seventh, 14th, 21st day) in comparison to patients without
an MICD. Significantly lower number of patients with an MICD had changes in
blood glucose level and food intake. Conclusion. Maxillary immediate complete
denture presents a good therapeutic choice for type 2 DM patients, as it
provides possibility of adequate mastication after teeth extractions and
maintenance of nutritional status and blood glucose level.
Symptomatic isolated thoracic splenosis 11 years after abdominal trauma: Case report
Authors: Plesa Tanja , Zdrale Slavko , Batinic-Skipina Danijela , Kovacevic Miodrag , Jurisic Vladimir , Lalovic Nenad , Petkovic Nenad
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Thoracic splenosis is defined as the autotransplantation of
splenic tissue into thorax. It occurs due to splenic rupture in association
with a diaphragmatic tear on the left side after a traumatic event. It is a
rare disease that most commonly remains undiscovered as it is usually
asymptomatic. Case Outline. We present a symptomatic case of thoracic
splenosis in a 53-year-old smoker male patient with a medical history of
abdominal surgery and splenectomy for a thoracoabdominal gunshot. Three years
before the medical examination he was suffering from dyspnea, frequent
coughing, left pleuritic chest pain and complained about faster fatigue. A
chest radiograph obtained during a medical checkup showed a multinodular left
pleura-based mass in the upper lobe. Established histopathological diagnosis
after surgical removal of the nodule was splenosis. No evidence of malignancy
was observed. Conclusion. Splenosis should be considered as a differential
diagnosis by the undertaken workup of left pulmonary nodules or masses in
patients with a history of trauma.
Benign cystic teratoma of the mesosigmoid: Report of a case
Authors: Vekic Berislav , Zivic Rastko , Kalezic Marko , Matic Predrag
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Extragonadal intraperitoneal teratomas are very rare,
especially those arising from mesentery and mesocolon. In the contemporary
literature only 22 cases of such tumors have been published and described.
Case Outline. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman with a benign cystic
teratoma of the mesosigmoid. The patient presented with mild clinical signs
of intestinal obstruction. Computerized tomography of the pelvis and abdomen
showed a large 9.7 ? 8.9 ? 9.4 cm calcified tumor in the lower part of the
left hemiabdomen. Extraluminal obstruction was verified by colonoscopy at 35
cm from the anal verge. Intraoperatively, a cystic calcified tumor of the
mesosigmoid was found causing extraluminal obstruction of the left colon. The
tumor was extirpated and a partial resection of the adherent great omentum
was performed. The histopathological examination revealed a benign cystic
teratoma. Conclusion. Considering the fact that mesenteric teratomas are
extremely rare tumors, it is difficult to designate a general conclusion for
an adequate treatment of patients suffering from them. Complete surgical
excision is indicated in order to establish a correct histopathological
diagnosis and to relieve the patients of symptoms.
A rare localization of osteoid osteoma - presentation of two cases
Authors: Şeker Ali , Unal Mehmet , Malkoc Melih , Kara Adnan , Sarikaya Ilker , Bulbul Ahmet
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoid-forming tumor generally
localized to the long bones, is rarely localized in the hand and the major
symptom is intermittent pain. This study aims to present two patients who
were operated on for metacarpal osteoid osteomas. Case Outline. A 16-year-old
female patient and an 18-year-old male patient were operated on for
metacarpal osteoid osteomas. The major symptom was intermittent pain for both
patients. After surgical excision of the niduses, the complaints resolved in
both cases. Conclusion. In the case of high suspicion for osteoid osteoma,
computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should be performed due to
the risk of negative radiographic findings. Surgical excision is curative and
a safe method of treatment.
Primary Human and Rat β-Cells Release the Intracellular Autoantigens GAD65, IA-2, and Proinsulin in Exosomes Together With Cytokine-Induced Enhancers of Immunity
Authors: Cianciaruso Chiara , Phelps Edward A. , Pasquier Miriella , Hamelin Romain , Demurtas Davide , Alibashe Ahmed Mohamed , Piemonti Lorenzo , Hirosue Sachiko , Swartz Melody A. , De Palma Michele , Hubbell Jeffrey A. , Baekkeskov Steinunn
Published: November 2016

The target autoantigens in several organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), are intracellular membrane proteins, whose initial encounter with the immune system is poorly understood. Here we propose a new model for how these proteins can initiate autoimmunity. We found that rat and human pancreatic islets release the intracellular β-cell autoantigens in human T1D, GAD65, IA-2, and proinsulin in exosomes, which are taken up by and activate dendritic cells. Accordingly, the anchoring of GAD65 to exosome-mimetic liposomes strongly boosted antigen presentation and T-cell activation in the context of the human T1D susceptibility haplotype HLA-DR4. Cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress enhanced exosome secretion by β-cells; induced exosomal release of the immunostimulatory chaperones calreticulin, Gp96, and ORP150; and increased exosomal stimulation of antigen-presenting cells. We propose that stress-induced exosomal release of intracellular autoantigens and immunostimulatory chaperones may play a role in the initiation of autoimmune responses in T1D.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Case for a Role of Fructose in Disease Etiology
Authors: Delbridge Lea M.D. , Benson Vicky L. , Ritchie Rebecca H. , Mellor Kimberley M.
Published: November 2016

A link between excess dietary sugar and cardiac disease is clearly evident and has been largely attributed to systemic metabolic dysregulation. Now a new paradigm is emerging, and a compelling case can be made that fructose-associated heart injury may be attributed to the direct actions of fructose on cardiomyocytes. Plasma and cardiac fructose levels are elevated in patients with diabetes, and evidence suggests that some unique properties of fructose (vs. glucose) have specific cardiomyocyte consequences. Investigations to date have demonstrated that cardiomyocytes have the capacity to transport and utilize fructose and express all of the necessary proteins for fructose metabolism. When dietary fructose intake is elevated and myocardial glucose uptake compromised by insulin resistance, increased cardiomyocyte fructose flux represents a hazard involving unregulated glycolysis and oxidative stress. The high reactivity of fructose supports the contention that fructose accelerates subcellular hexose sugar-related protein modifications, such as O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end product formation. Exciting recent discoveries link heart failure to induction of the specific high-affinity fructose-metabolizing enzyme, fructokinase, in an experimental setting. In this Perspective, we review key recent findings to synthesize a novel view of fructose as a cardiopathogenic agent in diabetes and to identify important knowledge gaps for urgent research focus.
Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths
Authors: Kennedy Stephanie M. , Lulich Jody P. , Ritt Michelle G. , Furrow Eva
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE To compare body condition score (BCS) and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths.

DESIGN Case-control study.

ANIMALS 46 Miniature Schnauzers, 16 Bichons Frises, and 6 Shih Tzus.

PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for Miniature Schnauzers, Bichons Frises, and Shih Tzus that were examined between January 2001 and November 2014 for another urolithiasis study or for a urolith removal procedure. Dogs with CaOx uroliths were classified as cases. Dogs without a history of urinary tract disease and with no evidence of radiopaque uroliths on abdominal radiographs were classified as controls. Each case was matched with 1 control on the basis of age (± 2 years), sex, and breed. Body condition score and urinalysis results were compared between cases and controls, and the relationship between BCS and urine pH was analyzed.

RESULTS Median BCS was significantly greater for cases than controls, although the proportion of overweight dogs did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Urine pH was negatively associated with age, but was not associated with BCS or the presence of CaOx uroliths. Cases infrequently had acidic urine or CaOx crystalluria but frequently had hematuria and proteinuria.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs with CaOx uroliths had a greater median BCS than control dogs, but the clinical importance of that finding was unclear. Acidic urine and CaOx crystalluria were uncommon and not adequate predictors of CaOx urolith status. Hematuria and proteinuria were commonly observed in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis, but they are not pathognomonic for that condition.
Clinical, computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic findings associated with myxomatous neoplasia of the temporomandibular joint in two dogs
Authors: Parslow Arana , Taylor David P. , Simpson David J.
Published: November 2016

CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-year-old neutered female mixed-breed dog (dog 1) and an 11-year-old neutered female Labrador Retriever (dog 2) were examined because of unilateral exophthalmus, third eyelid protrusion, and periorbital swelling that failed to respond to antimicrobial treatment.

CLINICAL FINDINGS Both dogs underwent ultrasonographic, CT, and MRI examination of the head. In both dogs, advanced imaging revealed a poorly defined, peripherally contrast-enhancing, mucous-filled cystic mass that radiated from the temporomandibular joint and infiltrated the periorbital tissues and retrobulbar space. Both dogs underwent surgical biopsy of the periorbital mass. A viscous, straw-colored fluid was aspirated from the retrobulbar region in both dogs. The initial histologic diagnosis for dog 1 was zygomatic sialadenitis and sialocele. However, the clinical signs recurred, and histologic examination of specimens obtained during a second surgical biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of myxoma. The histologic diagnosis was myxosarcoma for dog 2.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME In both dogs, clinical signs recurred within 2 weeks after surgery and persisted for the duration of their lives. Dog 1 received no further treatment after the second surgery and was euthanized 34 months after initial examination because of multicentric lymphoma. Dog 2 was treated with various chemotherapy agents and was euthanized 11 months after initial examination because of a dramatic increase in periocular swelling and respiratory stertor.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Temporomandibular myxomatous neoplasia can be confused with zygomatic sialocele on the basis of clinical signs but has characteristic MRI features. Representative biopsy specimens should be obtained from areas close to the temporomandibular joint to avoid misdiagnosis.
Concurrent or sequential tibial subchondral cystic lesions in 4 horses with medial femoral condyle subchondral cystic lesions
Authors: Bonilla Alvaro G. , Bertone Alicia L. , Brokken Matthew T. , Santschi Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2016

CASE DESCRIPTION 4 horses were examined because of signs of chronic hind limb lameness.

CLINICAL FINDINGS 3 horses had a history of lameness for > 6 months; specific duration was unknown for 1 horse. On initial evaluation, grade 3 to 4 (on a scale from 1 to 5) hind limb lameness was present in all 4 horses. Radiography of the stifle joint of the affected limb revealed medial femoral condyle subchondral lucencies or subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) in all 4 horses, medial femorotibial osteoarthritis in 3 horses, and medial tibial condyle SCLs in 3 horses.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME 2 horses were treated medically (stall rest and oral NSAID administration), and 2 horses were treated surgically by means of medial femoral transcondylar lag screw placement through the medial femoral condyle SCLs. The 2 horses treated medically did not improve and were euthanized. Necropsy confirmed the presence of medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle SCLs. Surgical treatment did not resolve the lameness in 1 horse with SCLs in the medial tibial condyle and medial femoral condyle, and euthanasia was performed 150 days after surgery. In the second horse, a medial tibial condyle SCL was evident on radiographs obtained 3 months after surgery; however, this was not addressed surgically, and signs of lameness resolved 11 months after surgery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this small case series suggested that SCLs in the medial tibial condyle can occur in association with SCLs of the medial femoral condyle, with a poor prognosis for return to athletic function in affected horses. Further investigation is indicated.
The Concept and Control Capabilities of Universal Electric Vehicle Prototype using LabView Software
Authors: Skowronek Hubert , Waszczuk Kamil , Kowalski Maciej , Karolczak Paweł , Baral Bivek
Published: November 2016

The concept of drive control prototype electric car designed in assumptions for sales in the markets of developing countries, mainly in South Asia has been presented in the article. The basic requirements for this type of vehicles and the possibility of rapid prototyping onboard equipment for the purpose of preliminary tests have been presented. The control system was composed of a PC and measurement card myRIO and has two operating modes. In the first of them can simulate changes of each components parameters and checking of program proper functioning. In the second mode, instead of the simulation it is possible to control the real object.
Research Study on Influence of Predefined Factors on Drilling Produced Hole before Reaming
Authors: Pokorná Václava , Roub Jan , Řehoř Jan , Fulemová Jaroslava
Published: November 2016

The topic of producing accurate holes (IT6 and better) has been often discussed these days. Many research projects have started under the Department Technology of Machining, Faculty of Engineering at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. These projects are focused on measuring the influence of defined factors of machining on required quality, i.e. integrity of the hole surface. The first phase of the research was focused on issues of parameters of drilling technology, which almost always comes before the reaming technology. This text explores this study, which serves as a core resource for related experiments. The main aim was to gather and sort the information from authors, who discuss in their publications questions of key factors to drilling and lathing technology, with regards to evaluating accuracy of produced holes. Foreign publications were used for this research as well as Czech information sources.
The Influence of Motor Skills on Measurement Accuracy
Authors: Brychta Petr , Sadílek Marek , Brychta Josef
Published: November 2016

This innovative study trying to do interdisciplinary interface at first view different ways fields: kinantropology and mechanical engineering. A motor skill is described as an action which involves the movement of muscles in a body. Gross motor skills permit functions as a running, jumping, walking, punching, lifting and throwing a ball, maintaining a body balance, coordinating etc. Fine motor skills captures smaller neuromuscular actions, such as holding an object between the thumb and a finger. In mechanical inspection, the accuracy of measurement is most important aspect. The accuracy of measurement to some extent is also dependent upon the sense of sight or sense of touch associated with fine motor skills. It is therefore clear that the level of motor skills will affect the precision and accuracy of measurement in metrology. Aim of this study is literature review to find out fine motor skills level of individuals and determine the potential effect of different fine motor skill performance on precision and accuracy of mechanical engineering measuring.
Application of Thermal Tool Holder in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Kunstfeld Jaroslav , Hajnyš Jiří , Brychta Josef , Hemžský Pavel , Nicielnik Henryk
Published: November 2016

The paper is focused on testing the thermal tool holder during milling operation from the point of view shimmy and roughness machined surface of the equipped tool. Experimental work will include testing of surface roughness parameters of the machined surface structural steel 1.0553 (Fe510C1) in combination with the monolith three-lips cutter Kennametal F3AU177BDK38 from cemented carbide coated with TiAIN PVD coating. Experimental machining will distinguish the climb milling and conventional milling and will be done under predetermined conditions, always at 15 cycles and in relation to other types of fixture devices. All testing will be done at a sufficiently rigid machine CNC FGS 40/50. During machining will be measured and subsequently evaluated power machine during the milling process, shimmy and selected parameters of the roughness of the machined surface.
Design and Verifying of Composite Materials in ANSYS Environment
Authors: Čuma Matúš , Török Jozef , Telišková Monika
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with composite materials design in ANSYS environment followed by verifying of these new materials using analysis included in ANSYS Workbench software.
Dry Eye Disease and Allergic Conditions: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Kim Minkyeong , Oh Jong-Hyun , Park Choul Yong , Lee Sang Wha
Published: November 2016

Background

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface. No epidemiologic reports have yet been published about the relationship between DED and allergic rhinitis or sensitization to allergens.

Objective

To investigate the association between DED and allergic conditions in the general adult Korean population.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional study included 17,542 individuals (ages a 19 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2012. Data for total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen-specific IgE levels were available for 1857 subjects. Data were analyzed by using logistic regression to determine the association of DED with allergy or allergic conditions, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, increased total serum IgE, and sensitization to house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae), dog, and cockroach allergens.

Results

The prevalence of DED, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma was 10.4,13.1, 2.2, and 3.3%, respectively. The prevalence of the increased total serum IgE level and sensitization to D. farinae, dog, and cockroach allergens was 34.6, 15.7, 1.0, and 2.8%, respectively. After adjusting for general characteristics, DED was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis (odds ratio 1.58 [95% confidence interval, 1.38–1.81]) and D. farinae sensitization (odds ratio 1.80 [95% confidence interval, 1.17–2.79]).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a close association between DED and both allergic rhinitis and D. farinae sensitization in Korean adults. Further studies are warranted to establish temporal relationships between DED and allergic rhinitis.
Open versus Endoscopic Septoplasty Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Chris J. , Monteiro Eric , Badhiwala Jetan , Lee John , de Almeida John R. , Vescan Allan , Witterick Ian J.
Published: November 2016

Background

Septal deviation is a condition of high prevalence, which ranges from 22% in newborns to 90% in adults. Surgical intervention is frequently considered in the management of patients with symptoms. Although many surgeons prefer either the endoscopic or the open approach to septoplasty, there is an ongoing debate regarding comparative outcomes between the two approaches.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature and provide pooled summary estimates to evaluate the efficacy and safety of open versus endoscopic septoplasty techniques.

Methods

This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42014010730). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Registry for Randomized Trials were searched for relevant studies by using the following keywords in varying combinations: “nasal septum,” “nasal obstruction,” “nasal cartilages,” “nose,” “nose diseases,” “surgery,” “nasal/septal deviation,” and “septoplasty.” All the studies that compared open versus endoscopic septoplasty techniques for the management of symptomatic septal deviation were considered. Two reviewers independently extracted data by using a preestablished extraction form and performed quality assessment by using the Jadad and Newcastle Ottawa Scales. Weighted pooled estimates were calculated and reported, along with relative risks and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. When comparing open versus endoscopic septoplasty techniques, there was significant improvement in postoperative symptoms (i.e., nasal obstruction, headaches) (p ≤ 0.05) in the endoscopic septoplasty group. There also were significantly fewer complications associated with the endoscopic septoplasty technique (p ≤ 0.05). Based on the quality assessment, included studies were deemed at a moderate-to-high risk of bias.

Conclusion

Our analysis indicated that endoscopic septoplasty may have some advantages over open septoplasty. However, our findings should be taken with caution given the poor quality of included studies.
Local Allergic Rhinitis to Pollens is Underdiagnosed in Young Patients
Authors: Krajewska-Wojtys Anna , Jarzab Jerzy , Gawlik Radoslaw , Bozek Andrzej
Published: November 2016

Background

Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) has been observed in patients without atopy. However, LAR is still underdiagnosed in patients with perennial or seasonal nasal symptoms.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LAR in young patients with a previous diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis or suspicion of allergy.

Methods

A total of 121 patients, ages 12–18 years old, with confirmed nonallergic rhinitis and typical seasonal nasal symptoms were examined. Skin-prick tests; serum and nasal specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurements; and nasal provocation tests by using grass (Phleum partense), Artemisia, and birch pollens were performed. A control group of age-matched patients with a diagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis underwent the same procedures as the test group.

Results

LAR to grass pollen (P. partense), Artemisia, and birch was confirmed in 17 (16.6%), 6 (5.9%), and 9 (8.9%) of patients, respectively. Polyvalent allergy was established in 21 subjects (20.8%): grass and Artemisia, 11 patients (10.9%); and grass and birch, 10 patients (9.9%). The remaining 48 patients (47.5%) were diagnosed with nonallergic rhinitis. The results of the nasal provocation tests and the concentrations of nasal IgE were similar among the analyzed groups. Furthermore, the concentration of nasal IgE increased faster in patients with LAR than in patients with allergic rhinitis; however, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

LAR is a serious problem in young patients; however, its significance is still unappreciated.
Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Considerations for the Future
Authors: Kennedy Joshua L. , Stoner Ashley N. , Borish Larry
Published: November 2016

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a late onset condition characterized by the Samter triad (aspirin sensitivity [as well as sensitivity to any nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor], nasal polyps, asthma) and additional features, including eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, hypereosinophilia, anosmia, frequent absence of atopy, and, intolerance to ingestion of red wine and other alcoholic beverages. The diagnosis is rare, and, because of this, it is also often missed by physicians. However, it is highly overexpressed in patients with severe asthma (and severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps), which makes its recognition essential. For this review, we considered mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and discussed the clinical symptoms of AERD. We also discussed the role of aspirin desensitization in the treatment of AERD. Also, we considered medications (e.g, leukotriene modifiers) and surgical interventions that have a role in the treatment of AERD.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea without Lumbar Drains
Authors: Adams Austin S. , Russell Paul T. , Duncavage James A. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H.
Published: November 2016

Objective

Lumbar drains (LD) are commonly used during endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, either to facilitate graft healing or to monitor CSF fluid dynamics. However, the indications and necessity of LD placement remains controversial. The current study sought to evaluate endoscopic CSF leak repair outcomes in the setting of limited LD use.

Methods

Patients who underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea between 2004 and 2014 were identified by a review of medical records. Demographic and clinical data were extracted and compared between patients who had surgery with and patients who had surgery without a perioperative LD. A univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of recurrence.

Results

A total of 107 patients (116 surgical procedures) were identified, with a mean follow-up of 15.8 months. Eighty-eight of 107 patients (82.2%) had surgery without an LD. The mean hospital stay was 4.48 days in the LD group versus 1.03 days in the non-LD group (p ≤ 0.00001). There was no difference in recurrence rate between the LD and non-LD groups. Predictors of recurrence included repair technique (p = 0.04) and size of defect (p = 0.005). Body mass index, leak site (ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal), and etiology (spontaneous, iatrogenic, traumatic) were not predictive of leak recurrence.

Conclusion

Use of LDs in endoscopic CSF leak repair was not associated with reduced recurrence rates, regardless of leak etiology, and resulted in a significant increase in hospital length of stay. Although the use of perioperative LDs to monitor CSF dynamics may have some therapeutic and diagnostic advantages, it may not be associated with clinically significant improvements in patient outcomes or recurrence rates.
Combination Therapy in Allergic Rhinitis: What Works and What Does Not Work
Authors: Greiwe Justin C. , Bernstein Jonathan A.
Published: November 2016

Allergic rhinitis and other rhinitis subtypes are increasingly becoming some of the most prevalent and expensive medical conditions that affect the U.S. population. Both direct health care costs and indirect costs significantly impact the health care system due to delays in diagnosis, lack of treatment, ineffective treatment, poor medication adherence, and associated comorbidities. Many patients who have AR turn to over-the-counter medications for relief but often find themselves dissatisfied with the results. Determining the correct diagnosis, followed by initiation of the most-effective treatment(s), is essential to provide patients with better symptomatic management and quality of life. Although there are many options, currently available combination therapies, e.g., azelastine with fluticasone and intranasal corticosteroids with nasal decongestants, offer distinct advantages for the management of complex rhinitis phenotypes. Further research is required to investigate the pathomechanisms and biomarkers for mixed rhinitis and nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis subtypes that will lead to novel targeted therapies for these conditions
Crime and Public Transportation: A Case Study of Ottawa’s O-Train System
Authors: Gallison Jordana K. , Andresen Martin A.
Published: November 2016

The following research seeks to provide insight into the phenomenon of crime and public transit systems. We utilize a case study, the O-Train in Ottawa, to determine whether the presence of an O-Train station predicts crime in the surrounding neighbourhood. Crime data were obtained from the Ottawa Police Service between January 2006 and December 2006 to help identify potential clustering of offences in close proximity to the O-Train stations. Geo-spatial measures (e.g., local Moran’s I) were used to help determine whether certain offences were more prominent in areas that hosted an O-Train station, and we then used this outcome variable in a logistic regression. Our results show that the presence of an O-Train station is related to an increase in theft of vehicle, but not to robbery or commercial burglary.
Love thy neighbour: Personality traits, relationship quality, and attraction to others as predictors of infidelity among young adults
Authors: Gibson Kirstian A.V. , Thompson Ashley E. , O'Sullivan Lucia F.
Published: November 2016

Infidelity is defined as the violation of a couple's assumed or stated agreement concerning emotional and/or sexual exclusivity. The current study examined the utility of personality traits (i.e., the Big Five and SIS/SES - an individual's sexual response to sexual desires, arousal, and behaviours are based on the balance between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition; Bancroft & Janssen, 2000) relative to relationship quality and attraction to others in predicting reports of infidelity among a sample of young adults (ages 18–26 years). A total of 131 men and 164 women from the US who reported being in a romantic relationship were recruited using MTurk®, an online crowdsourcing survey tool. Participants completed a series of measures assessing demographics, relationship quality and investment, sexual experience, sexual attitudes, attraction to others, and personality traits, including the Big Five and SIS/SES. A notable minority (16.6%) of participants reported at least one occasion of past infidelity during their current romantic relationship (yes/no reports); however, reports of infidelity increased significantly when individuals reported actual sexual, romantic, and online infidelity activities (78.6%). Personality traits within the Big Five and SIS/SES models were not significant predictors of infidelity. With each occurrence of emotional attraction to a person other than their current partner, the odds of reporting infidelity increased by 51.6%. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for counselling and education regarding infidelity, as well as continued research on risk factors for infidelity among young adults.