bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Key Physical Properties of Simple Organic Drop Cast Films that give Visible to Ultraviolet Light Up‐Conversion.
Authors: Lodola Francesco , Miranda-Salinas Hector , Kuila Suman , Danos Andrew , Monkman Andrew
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate UV‐emitting films of 2,5‐diphenyloxazole (PPO) sensitised by 3,3′‐carbonylbis(7‐diethylaminocoumarin) (CBDAC), prepared by simple drop casting with rapid solvent evaporation, giving up‐converted emission even at low excitation intensities. The mechanisms of up‐conversion and triplet quenching in these films has been studied through time‐resolved and steady‐state spectroscopy. The CBDAC sensitizer aggregates strongly even at low concentrations, with CBDAC phosphorescence being observed in all films, indicating that many triplet excitons do not transfer to the surrounding PPO annihilator. Nonetheless, at very low sensitiser concentrations (1:40000 CBDAC:PPO), up‐converted PPO UV emission is observed at room temperature which is critically dependent on the film formation conditions. Only in films cast onto substrates held at 60o C is dominant TTA‐UC observed. Comparing to similar sensitised films of TIPS‐naphthalene, which are TTA‐inactive, we deduce that π‐stacking of the PPO, prevented by the TIPS side groups in the TIPS‐naphthalene films is crucial for efficient triplet diffusion and up‐conversion.
Post‐endoscopic sphincterotomy delayed bleeding occurs in patients with just 1‐day interruption of direct oral anticoagulants or hemodialysis
Authors: Hasegawa Sho , Kurita Yusuke , Yamazaki Yuma , Nihei Shinichi , Iizuka Takeshi , Misawa Noboru , Hosono Kunihiro , Endo Itaru , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Kubota Kensuke , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Objective

Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), especially when anticoagulants are used, carries a significant risk of delayed bleeding. However, the relationship between the use of antithrombotic agents, including direct oral anticoagulants, and post‐EST bleeding remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for post‐EST delayed bleeding when antithrombotic agents were administered according to the guidelines.

Methods

We analyzed cases of patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and EST between January 2018 and August 2022, focusing on those with normal anatomy and naïve papillae. We examined the incidence of post‐EST bleeding, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure details, severity and timing of post‐EST delayed bleeding, hemostatic interventions, and factors related to post‐EST delayed bleeding.

Results

Among the 502 patients included, 76 (15%) were taking antithrombotic agents. Post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography delayed bleeding was noted in seven patients (1.4%). Mild, moderate, and severe delayed bleeding occurred in four, one, and two cases, respectively. Hemostatic injection completely controlled cases of delayed bleeding. Multivariate analysis identified a 1‐day direct oral anticoagulants interruption (odds ratio: 20.5, 95% confidence interval: 3.33–125, p = 0.0011) and dialysis (odds ratio: 38.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.4–624, p = 0.0099) as significant risk factors for delayed bleeding. No thromboembolic events related to the discontinuation of antithrombotic drugs were observed.

Conclusion

A 1‐day direct oral anticoagulants interruption and dialysis are independent risk factors for post‐EST delayed bleeding, necessitating careful consideration.
ApoE Genotype, Age, and Cognitive Decline in Old Chinese Individuals Without Dementia: A Population‐Based Study With Five‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Wu Hao , Gu Xingzhong , Liu Shuai , Wang Pan , Lu Hui , Guan Yalin , Shi Zhihong , Ji Yong
Published: January 2025

Background

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 genotype is a well‐known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effect on predicting cognitive decline in individuals without dementia and its association with age are unclear.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between ApoE polymorphism and risk of cognitive decline and dementia incidence in the elderly without dementia.

Methods

This population‐based prospective study was conducted between 2011 and 2016. The study involved 767 dementia‐free individuals who had undergone ApoE genotype analysis, were aged ≥ 60 years, and lived in rural China. Participants were divided into three ApoE groups: E3 (genotype 3/3), E4 (genotypes 3/4 and 4/4), and E2 (genotype 2/3) groups.

Results

After 5 years, 666 (86.8%) individuals were followed up. The rate of change in MMSE score was faster in the E4 group than in the E3 and E2 groups (5.0 ± 4.4 vs. 3.5 ± 3.8 vs. 3.9 ± 3.9, p = 0.001), after adjusting for age, sex, educational level and baseline MMSE scores, especially in the 70–79 years age group. In the same age group, the incidence rate of dementia was higher in the E4 group than in the E3 group (OR = 2.850; 95% CI: 1.146–7.090). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertensive status, educational level, marital status, engagement in social activities, and past history of stroke, the ApoE ε4 allele remained an independent risk factor for dementia incidence (OR = 3.070; 95% CI: 1.162–8.110) in individuals aged 70–79 years after follow‐up.

Conclusions

ApoE ε4 carriers with age ≥ 60 years had faster cognitive decline. The ApoE ε4 allele was an independent risk factor for dementia incidence in extremely old individuals.
The Effects of Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists on Mitochondrial Function Within Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review
Authors: Old Victoria J. , Davies Melanie J. , Papamargaritis Dimitris , Choudhary Pratik , Watson Emma L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased risk of multiple metabolic and mental health–related comorbidities. Recent advances in obesity pharmacotherapy, particularly with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists (RAs), have the potential to transform obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) care by promoting marked weight loss, improving glycaemic control and addressing multiple obesity‐related comorbidities, with added cardio‐renal benefits. Dual agonists combining GLP‐1 with other enteropancreatic hormones such as glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) have also been developed in recent years, leading to greater weight loss than using GLP‐1 RAs alone. However, up to 40% of the weight lost with GLP‐1 RAs comes from lean body mass, raising concerns about potential adverse effects on skeletal muscle function. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by reduced mitochondrial size and activity, is prevalent in individuals with obesity and T2DM and is a known contributor to muscle wasting in ageing and some chronic diseases. This systematic review investigates the impact of GLP‐1‐based therapies on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in individuals with obesity and T2DM or in related animal and cell models.

Methods

A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL and clinicaltrials.gov was conducted. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials, randomized crossover trials, cluster randomized control trials and basic science studies involving any GLP‐1 RA or GLP‐1/GIP dual agonist. Outcomes of interest were skeletal muscle respiratory function either in the form of measurements of mass, number, content, oxidative capacity/respiratory function, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy.

Results

Eight studies were eligible for analysis; no human studies were identified. All of the included studies used GLP‐1 RAs (single agonists) as intervention. The emerging evidence suggests that GLP‐1 RAs increase mitochondrial area, number and morphology (i.e., reduces swelling). Data are conflicting on the effect of GLP‐1 RAs upon mitochondrial mass, respiration and the expression of uncoupling proteins and PGC‐1α. Data also demonstrate muscle specific (i.e., soleus vs. extensor digitorum longus) responses to GLP‐1 RAs.

Conclusion

GLP‐1 RAs appear to have a positive effect upon mitochondria area, number and morphology, but effects upon other aspects of mitochondrial health remain inconclusive. Data are very limited and solely presented in animal and in vitro models. Future studies should be conducted in human populations in order to begin to understand the effect of GLP‐1 RAs and GLP‐1‐based therapies on human skeletal muscle mitochondria.
Blood flow restriction‐enhanced platelet‐rich plasma: A pilot randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Ayyan Muhammad , Alladaboina Sushanth , Al‐Dolaymi Ayyoub , Boudier‐Revéret Mathieu , Papakostas Emmanouil , Marín Fermín Theodorakys
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To assess platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) changes in platelet and leucocyte count, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) concentration after bilateral low‐load knee extensions under blood flow restriction (BFR).

Methods

The present randomised controlled trial protocol will include two groups: the intervention group, which will undergo bilateral knee extensions under BFR, and the control group, which will perform bilateral knee extensions without BFR. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio. Twenty‐two healthy individuals will be enrolled if the predefined inclusion criteria are met: (1) males, (2) ages 18–40, (3) Tegner activity level ≥5 and (4) with no musculoskeletal conditions that would interfere with exercise. Exclusion criteria include (1) individuals with systemic inflammatory diseases, (2) cardiovascular risk factors, (3) any blood dyscrasia, (4) Tegner Activity scale scores <5, (5) under nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and aspirin treatment within one week before testing or (6) that had previously performed exercises on the testing day. The participant will perform low‐load bilateral knee extensions under BFR following a standard protocol of 30‐15‐15‐15 repetitions of consecutive sets with 30‐s rest intervals at 80% of limb occlusive pressure and 30% of 1‐RM load. PRP platelet and leucocyte count, IGF‐1 and IL‐6 concentration measurements (via flow cytometry, chemiluminescence testing and immunochromatography, respectively) will be conducted before exercise and 10, 20 and 30 min after the intervention.

Results

The expected outcome is that the standard protocol of low‐load bilateral knee extensions under BFR will increase the platelet and leucocyte count, IGF‐1 and IL‐6 in the PRP preparation.

Conclusion

The current protocol allows the study of an enhanced PRP formulation for its potential implementation in multiple sports injuries.
Spinal amyloid deposits are common among older patients undergoing spinal stenosis decompression surgery
Authors: Madhani Avni , Kotturu Navya , Fine Denise , Alreshq Rabah , Saade Aziz , Tannoury Tony , Tannoury Chadi , Ruberg Frederick L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent advances in the management of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) have highlighted the need for early identification. Studies have demonstrated amyloid deposits in orthopedic surgical specimens, prompting a diagnosis of concurrent ATTR‐CM. We sought to determine the prevalence of spinal amyloid deposits among patients undergoing spinal stenosis decompression surgery and whether the presence of deposits was associated with ATTR‐CM.

Methods

Patients >60 years of age undergoing spinal stenosis decompression surgery were enrolled as part of a prospective, single‐center, cohort study. Samples from the disc and ligamentum flavum were obtained during surgery. Patients with amyloid deposition on Congo red staining returned for standard‐of‐care clinical assessment consisting of blood testing, a transthoracic echocardiogram, nuclear pyrophosphate imaging when indicated, and an evaluation with a cardiologist.

Results

Out of 54 enrolled patients, 24 patients (44%; 95% CI, 31%–59%) were found to have spinal amyloid deposits. Amyloid‐positive patients were older than amyloid‐negative patients (70 years vs. 63 years, p < 0.01). On follow‐up testing, no amyloid‐positive patients were found to have definitive ATTR‐CM. However, 37% of amyloid‐positive patients had abnormal cardiac biomarkers, and 36% of amyloid‐positive patients had reduced global longitudinal strain on echocardiography, suggesting possible early disease.

Conclusions

Spinal amyloid deposits, in both the disc and ligamentum flavum, were found in 44% of older patients undergoing spinal stenosis decompression surgery. While none of these patients tested positive for ATTR‐CM on early follow‐up, subtle abnormalities in cardiac testing suggest that further follow‐up testing is warranted to detect the advent of cardiac amyloidosis in the future.
Defining the Critical Requisites for Accurate Simulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Viral Dynamics: Patient Characteristics and Data Collection Protocol
Authors: Chua Hoong Kai , Singh Ananya , Wang Yuqian , Goh Yun Shan , Chan Conrad En Zuo , Chavatte Jean‐Marc , Lin Raymond Valentine Tzer Pin , Su Yvonne C. F. , Ajelli Marco , Chia Po Ying , Ong Sean W. X. , Lye David Chien , Young Barnaby E. , Ejima Keisuke
Published: January 2025

Mathematical models of viral dynamics are crucial in understanding infection trajectories. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral load data often includes limited sparse observations with significant heterogeneity. This study aims to: (1) understand the impact of patient characteristics in shaping the temporal viral load trajectory and (2) establish a data collection protocol (DCP) to reliably reconstruct individual viral load trajectories. We collected longitudinal viral load data for SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron variants from 243 patients in Singapore (2021–2022). A viral dynamics model was calibrated using patients' age, symptom presence, and vaccination status. We accessed associations between these patient characteristics and aspects of viral dynamics using linear regression models. We evaluated the accuracy of viral load trajectory estimation under different simulated DCPs by varying patient numbers, test frequencies, and test intervals. Older unvaccinated individuals had a longer viral shedding duration due to lower infection and cell death rates. Higher peak viral loads were found in older, symptomatic, and vaccinated individuals, with earlier peaks in younger vaccinated individuals. Symptom presence and vaccination resulted in a shorter time from infection to diagnosis. To accurately estimate viral dynamics, more frequent tests, longer test intervals, and larger patient samples are required. For 500 patients, a 21‐day follow‐up with measurements every 3 days and an 8‐day follow‐up with daily measurements was optimal for the Delta and Omicron variants, respectively. Patient characteristics significantly impacted viral dynamics. Our analytic approach and recommended DCPs can enhance preparedness and response to emerging pathogens beyond SARS‐CoV‐2.
Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid α‐Synuclein Seeding Activity Predicts Central Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Goldstein David S. , Alam Parvez , Sullivan Patti , Holmes Courtney , Gelsomino Janna , Hughson Andrew G. , Caughey Byron
Published: January 2025

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α‐synuclein seeding activity (SSA) via a seed amplification assay might predict central Lewy body diseases (LBD) in at‐risk individuals.

Objective

The aim was to assess CSF SSA in a prospective, longitudinal study.

Methods

Participants self‐reported risk factors were genetics, olfactory dysfunction, dream enactment behavior, orthostatic intolerance, or hypotension; individuals who had ≥3 confirmed risk factors underwent CSF sampling and were followed for up to 7.5 years. Participants who developed a central LBD (LBD+) were compared to those who did not. Quadruplicate SSA areas under the curve (AUC) were averaged.

Results

Of 11 subjects with average AUCs above 500,000 units, 7 (64%) developed a central LBD compared to 1 of 20 (5%), with AUCs below the cutoff value (P = 0.0011 by log‐rank test). Conversely, 7 of 8 (88%) LBD+ participants had elevated initial AUCs.

Conclusions

Increased CSF SSA predicts central LBDs. Individuals who develop a central LBD have elevated initial SSA AUCs.
Citronellal Alleviates Insulin Resistance in High‐Fat Diet/Streptozocin Model: Role of Asprosin/Olfactory Receptor Axis
Authors: Abdelaziz Aya , El‐Far Yousra M. , Abdel‐Rahman Noha
Published: January 2025

Ectopic olfactory receptors are expressed in nonolfactory tissues and perform diverse roles including regulation of glucose homeostasis. We explored the effect of citronellal treatment on olfactory receptor 4M1 subtype (OR4M1) signaling in insulin resistance and Type II diabetes in rats. We aimed to validate the anti‐diabetic effect of citronellal through Asprosin/OR4M1 modulation. Exploring new antidiabetics and pharmacological targets is important to improve quality of life and limit complications. The model was established in Sprague‐Dawley rats by a high‐fat diet for 4 weeks followed by a single low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg/ip). One week after STZ injection, oral citronellal (100 mg/kg) was administered for 4 weeks. Citronellal lowered serum glucose and triglycerides and ameliorated OGTT and HOMA‐IR results. Docking results revealed that citronellal blocked the Asprosin binding site at OR4M1. The hepatic expression of OR4M1 and Asprosin was reduced. Citronellal lowered cAMP levels causing attenuated levels of protein kinase A and downstream gluconeogenic enzymes: glucose‐6‐phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Citronellal also inhibited the expression of hepatic TLR‐4 and inhibited JNK phosphorylation. Citronellal attenuated hepatic levels of NF‐κB, p‐NF‐κB, and downstream proteins MCP‐1 and TNF‐α. These results suggest that citronellal alleviates insulin resistance by mitigating Asprosin/OR4M1 and Asprosin/TLR4/JNK signaling.
AAPM Task Group Report 274: Fluence rate dosimetry for photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Authors: Zhu Timothy C. , Pogue Brian W. , Dimofte Andreea , Finlay Jarod C. , Lilge Lothar , Sunar Ulas , Simone Charles B. , van Veen Robert L. P.
Published: January 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality clinically approved for several oncologic indications, including esophageal and endobronchial cancers, precancerous conditions including Barrett's esophagus and actinic keratosis, and benign conditions like age‐related macular degeneration. While it is currently clinically underused, PDT is an area of significant research interest. Because PDT relies on the absorption of light energy by intrinsic or administered absorbers, the dosimetric quantity of interest is the absorbed energy per unit mass of tissue, proportional to the fluence rate of light in tissue. It has been demonstrated that the fluence rate at the tissue surface may differ significantly from the incident irradiance of light because of multiple scattering and absorption, both of which may vary among patients and tissue types. This report will review the current state‐of‐the‐art fluence rate dosimetry technology. It will describe the two types of detectors currently available for fluence rate measurement, scattering‐tip and fluorescence‐based detectors, and review their principles of operation. The report will recommend strategies to establish calibration and quality assurance procedures for clinical fluence rate dosimetry equipment, and it will establish guidelines for clinical implementation of fluence rate dosimetry.
Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Bladder Function in Patients With Severe Supraspinal Spasticity
Authors: Kofler Markus , Halbmayer Lucas‐Michael , Kiss Gusztav , Matzak Heinrich , D'Aleo Giangaetano , Saltuari Leopold , Madersbacher Helmut , Pucks‐Faes Elke
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is a prevalent condition characterized by impaired bladder control resulting from neurological conditions, for example, spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Detrusor overactivity is a typical symptom of central nervous system damage. A lesion affecting the pontine neural network typically results in loss of tonic inhibition exerted by the pontine micturition center and causes involuntary detrusor contractions. Intrathecal baclofen (ITB), primarily indicated for spasticity management, holds potential in addressing the underlying mechanisms of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Methods

Urodynamic data were extracted from clinical charts of patients with severe supraspinal spasticity who received ITB treatment. Urodynamic studies were performed before pump implantation (PRE), after surgery (POST), and when achieving an effective steady state ITB dosage (ss‐ITB), as reflected by a reduction in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score. To determine potential risk factors for a poor response to ITB with respect to bladder function, patients were post hoc categorized into good and poor responders based on post void residual volume at ss‐ITB.

Results

Apart from significantly reducing MAS scores, ITB caused significant increases in reflex volume, bladder capacity, and residual volume, and significant decreases in maximal detrusor and vesical pressures. Significant differences between good and poor responders (with respect to bladder function) were noted for reflex volume, bladder capacity, and residual volume at ss‐ITB, whereas no urodynamic parameter served to differentiate the two groups at PRE.

Discussion

This study confirms a beneficial effect of ITB on bladder function in patients with severe supraspinal spasticity. However, concurring with the literature, a small subgroup of patients experienced serious deterioration in terms of increased reflex volume and residual volume, posing the risk of subsequent renal damage. Unfortunately, no urodynamic parameter predicted such a poor response to ITB before treatment initiation.
Charity Checkouts: (Potential) Downsides for Customers, Nonprofits and Businesses Involved
Authors: Faseur Tine , De Bock Tine
Published: January 2025

Nonprofits are constantly prompted to seek alternative income sources. Charity checkouts (CCs) are a recent fundraising technique blending corporate and individual donor support. They involve a unique triadic structure between businesses, customers and nonprofits. More specifically, CCs describe an online or offline shopping situation in which companies solicit customers to donate a small amount of money while checking out. Despite their success, CCs face critical voices and concerns. This study systematically reviews academic and grey literature, with the goal to delineate (potential) downsides comprehensively. This research aids nonprofits and businesses engaged in CC triads in making informed decisions for a sustainable growth of their fundraising and CSR strategy. Beyond its practical implications, this study contributes to the limited academic literature on CCs. The reflections in the discussion, along with the extensive agenda for future research, represent a significant step forward towards advancing the field.
Recombinant Klotho administration after myocardial infarction reduces ischaemic injury and arrhythmias by blocking intracellular calcium mishandling and CaMKII activation
Authors: Vázquez‐Sánchez Sara , Blasco Ana , Fernández‐Corredoira Pablo , Cantolla Paula , Mercado‐García Elisa , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Elena , González‐Lafuente Laura , Poveda Jonay , González‐Moreno Daniel , Matutano Andrea , Peribañez Sonia , García‐Consuegra Inés , Volpe Massimo , Fernández‐Velasco María , Ruilope Luis M. , Ruiz‐Hurtado Gema
Published: January 2025

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of death and morbidity. Klotho is a well‐known anti‐ageing factor with relevant cardioprotective actions, at least when renal dysfunction is present, but its actions are much less known when renal function is preserved. This study investigated Klotho as a biomarker and potential novel treatment of IHD‐associated complications after myocardial infarction (MI) under preserved renal function. Association between circulating Klotho levels and cardiac injury was investigated in patients after ST‐elevation MI (STEMI). Biochemical, in vivo and in vitro cardiac function and histological and molecular studies were performed to determine the effect of recombinant Klotho in the failing hearts of mice after MI. We demonstrated that STEMI patients showed lower systemic Klotho levels, with the lowest Klotho tertile in those patients with higher N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels. Mice also showed a decrease in systemic Klotho levels after MI induction. Furthermore, recombinant Klotho administration in mice reduced infarct area and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We also demonstrated that Klotho treatment prevented reduction in ejection fraction and MI‐related ECG changes, including prolonged QRS, JT, QTc, and TpeakTend intervals and premature ventricular contractions. In adult mouse cardiomyocytes, Klotho treatment restricted systolic calcium (Ca2+) release and cell shortening disturbances after MI. Klotho prevented increased diastolic Ca2+ leak and pro‐arrhythmogenic events in PMI mice by blocking activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase type II (CaMKII) pathway, preventing ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) hyperphosphorylation. In conclusion, Klotho supplementation protected against functional and structural cardiac remodelling and ameliorated ventricular arrhythmic events by preventing intracardiomyocyte Ca2+ mishandling in mice following MI. These data uncover a new cardioprotective role of Klotho, emerging as a biomarker of ventricular injury and potential treatment for patients after MI. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fast prediction of curing residual stress in polymer‐matrix composites by a deep learning method
Authors: Zhang Fan , Guo Haili , Wang Weiwei , Du Jinbo , Liu Yuchi , Wang Han
Published: January 2025

Curing residual stress (CRS) is common in polymer‐matrix composites due to the anisotropic properties of materials. Finite element method (FEM), the most extensively used approach for curing behavior prediction, is usually complicated and time‐consuming. To achieve a fast prediction of process‐induced stresses, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is established based on the FEM. Firstly, a fully coupled methodology is built and validated through distortions of experimentally manufactured laminates. Then, it is applied to generate models with different stacking layers, and the residual stress is computed and serves as the dataset of the deep learning model. Finally, the construction and hyperparameters are determined, and the good generalization performance proves the high accuracy of the current model. Besides, the CNN method (<1 s) greatly reduces the computational time compared with the FEM (>14 min). The supervised machine learning method shows great potential in promoting efficiency in stacking sequence designing and optimization of composites.

Highlights

A fully coupled model was built to predict the curing behavior of composites.

The numerical model was validated by the deformation of unsymmetrical composites.

A FEM‐CNN method was proposed for the fast prediction of curing residual stress.

Compared with FEM, this machine learning method is accurate and efficient.
Natural fiber‐reinforced light composites for the automotive industry
Authors: Volpe Valentina , Pantani Roberto
Published: January 2025

A European Directive on End‐of‐Life Vehicles (ELVs) established minimum reuse and recovery thresholds of automotive materials based on the weight of the vehicle, to improve fuel efficiency and therefore reduce the CO2 emissions. However, to replace a virgin material, recycled materials must guarantee adequate properties. In this work, low‐density lignocellulosic materials were adopted as “green” reinforcement for recycled polypropylene. In particular, variations in density, thermal resistance, mechanical properties, moldability, and thermal conductivity of a recycled polypropylene (PP) compounded with cork, hazelnut shells, and hazelnut skins (i.e. the cuticle that wraps the fruit inside the shell) were evaluated. The experimental results showed an improvement in thermal resistance and mechanical resistance at high temperatures, without substantially altering the density and thermal conductivity of PP. Among the various fillers analyzed, hazelnut skins seem to give the best results in terms of thermal and mechanical resistance and moldability.

Highlights

Cork, hazelnut skin and shell stand out as low‐density natural fillers for recycled polypropylene

All the natural fillers increase the thermal stability of polypropylene

The low‐density fillers enhance the mechanical properties of polypropylene at high temperatures

Fillers do not substantially alter the density and thermal conductivity of polypropylene

The addition of hazelnut skins allows an enhancement of the moldability of polypropylene
Impact of ocean data assimilation on the sub‐polar North Atlantic in MPI‐ESM
Authors: Brune Sebastian , Koul Vimal
Published: January 2025

Initialisation of decadal climate predictions with Earth system models in the North Atlantic commonly relies on simultaneous data assimilation of the observed state of both the atmosphere and ocean. Under this coupled data assimilation approach, the actual contribution of oceanic data assimilation in initialising predictions remains unclear. In this study we analyse how assimilation of oceanic sub‐surface temperature and salinity adds to atmospheric assimilation in terms of impact on upper‐ocean heat content and ocean dynamics in the sub‐polar North Atlantic in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM). We compare two assimilation experiments, one with weakly coupled oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation using an oceanic ensemble Kalman filter and atmospheric nudging, the other with only atmospheric nudging. Our results suggest that assimilation of observed sub‐surface ocean temperature and salinity into the model not only reduces the warm bias in the sub‐polar North Atlantic heat content, but more importantly simultaneously improves the modelled ocean dynamics, in particular the variability of ocean heat transport, representing a potential major source for the increased skill in sub‐polar North Atlantic surface temperatures in the corresponding decadal prediction system. We break down the sub‐polar North Atlantic upper‐ocean heat content budget and find that oceanic data assimilation has a large impact on the ocean heat transport across 51°N, in particular on its gyre component. We show that ocean assimilation leads to a more realistic position of the North Atlantic Current and a more realistic representation of cooling and warming phases within the multi‐decadal variation of sub‐polar North Atlantic upper‐ocean heat content. Based on our results, sub‐surface oceanic observations play an important role in initialising successful decadal prediction of surface temperatures in the sub‐polar North Atlantic.
Remaining Useful Life Analysis for Two‐Stage Nonlinear Inverse Gaussian Process With Random Effects
Authors: Yan Zai‐Zai , Sun Li‐Jun , Liang Yu‐Ying
Published: January 2025

Evaluating the reliability of high‐reliability, long‐life products remains a central challenge in the realm of reliability engineering. The intricate internal structure of these products results in a performance degradation process that is both nonlinear and multi‐staged. Distinguished from the traditional single‐stage degradation model, the two‐stage degradation model requires consideration of the degradation state at a critical transition point. This complexity significantly complicates the task of modeling and predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) for products exhibiting two‐stage nonlinear degradation. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel two‐stage inverse Gaussian (IG) degradation process model. This model builds upon and extends the traditional nonlinear IG degradation process model, incorporating a two‐stage approach to account for the uncertainty at the degradation transition point and randomizing the drift coefficients to better reflect the stochastic nature of the degradation process. The analytical expressions of probability density functions (PDF) and reliability functions are derived based on the definition of first hitting time (FHT). The unknown parameters of the model are estimated using the Gibbs sampling method within the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework. The applicability and effectiveness of our proposed method are substantiated through a simulation example and by analyzing real‐world degradation data from a cabin door lock mechanism.
Object Detection and Multiple Objective Optimization Manipulation Planning for Underwater Autonomous Capture in Oceanic Natural Aquatic Farm
Authors: Hai Huang , Tao Jiang , Xinyu Bian , Hao Zhou , Xu Yang , Gang Wang , Hongde Qin , Xinyue Han
Published: January 2025

Underwater autonomous capture operations offer significant potential for reducing labor and health risks in sea organism industries. This study presents a comprehensive solution for cross‐domain underwater object detection and autonomous capture. A novel unsupervised domain adaptive learning method is proposed, integrating multiscale domain adaptive modules and attention mechanisms into a Faster Region‐Convolutional Neural Network framework. This approach enhances feature alignment across diverse aquatic domains without parameter tuning. Additionally, an efficient, parameterless constrained multiobjective optimization algorithm is introduced for underwater autonomous mobile capture, integrating parameterized trajectory planning with innovative features, such as adaptive mutation strategies and constraint violation tolerance. The proposed approaches are extensively validated through simulations, tank experiments, and real‐world oceanic trials in the Natural Aquatic Farm of Zhangzidao Island. Results demonstrate the system's robustness in complex underwater environments with varying currents, with experimental outcomes validating the accuracy and reliability of detection and capture capabilities. This research significantly advances autonomous underwater systems' capabilities in object detection and capture tasks, addressing complex challenges in realistic organism capture applications across diverse aquatic environments.
Three Birds with One Stone: Construction of Highly Efficient Interfaces via Ammonium Sulfamate Doping SnO2
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Le , Chang Yilin , Ma Zhiwei , Yu Zhibin , Bai Ling , Du Jiajia , Yao Yao , Du Qinglin , Fu Yutongyang , Huang Bin , Jiang Li , Jiu Tonggang
Published: January 2025

Interface engineering plays a crucial part in optimizing the device performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, ammonium sulfamate (ASA) is introduced as a multifunctional additive into SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) with a “three birds with one stone” strategy. At first, the oxygen vacancy and hydroxyl ligand on the surface of SnO2 nanoparticles causing charge recombination is efficiently reduced by incorporating ASA into SnO2 colloidal dispersion. Second, the coordination bond of SO3− anion in ASA with SnO2 and the interaction between NH2 in ASA with Pb2+ construct a chemical bridging at the interface of ETL/perovskite. It significantly enhances the interfacial electron transport. Third, the introduction of ASA is conducive to form high‐quality perovskite films with larger crystallite size and improved crystallinity due to the optimization of buried interface. Consequently, by the integrated effects on both interfaces and the bulk, the ASA‐based device delivers an increased efficiency from 20.73% to 24.41%. Moreover, the ASA optimized device displays a remarkable retention of over 90% of its original power conversion efficiency after 1000 h under a controlled N2 atmosphere, demonstrating the stability is significantly enhanced.
Potassium Benzoate‐Doped PEDOT:PSS for Improving the Open‐Circuit Voltage and Power Conversion Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Nian , Cui Guanglei , Wu Xianhu , Xia Gaojie , Bi Jieyu , Sun Jilong , Gu Min
Published: January 2025

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have become a research hotspot in the field of photovoltaics due to their excellent photovoltaic performance, minimal hysteresis, and low fabrication costs. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as an inexpensive hole transport material, has been widely applied in IPSCs. However, PEDOT:PSS has drawbacks such as energy‐level mismatch with perovskite, severe interfacial defects, low hole transport rate, and low conductivity. Therefore, modifying and improving PEDOT:PSS is of practical value. Herein, potassium benzoate is introduced to dope PEDOT:PSS, enhancing its conductivity and accelerating hole transport in the device, making the energy levels between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite more compatible. More importantly, potassium benzoate‐doped PEDOT promotes crystal growth, increases the grain size of the perovskite film, and passivates interfacial defects. The open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the device increases from 1.107 to 1.137 V, and the power conversion efficiency improves from the original 17.24% to 20.15%. This study provides a new approach to develop inverted PSCs.
New Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocyclic Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptor as Guest in PBDB‐T:Y6 Blends for Air‐Processed Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 16%
Authors: Keshtov M. L. , Shikin D. Ya. , Sergeev V. N. , Kalinkin D. P. , Aleseev V. G. , Karak S. , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: January 2025

A new non‐fullerene small‐molecule acceptor (NFSMA), designated as TDPT‐TBA, is synthesized. This molecule is based on an S,N‐heteroacene central core connected to a weakly electron‐withdrawing end group, 1,3‐diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric acid. In these findings, it is suggested that incorporating an sp2‐hybridized nitrogen atom into a fused cyclopentadiene framework, rather than utilizing a sp3‐hybridized carbon atom, can lead to a more effective NFSMA and potentially enhance the performance of organic solar cells. The TDPT‐TBA exhibits an upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of −3.76 eV when compared to the Y6 acceptor. Additionally, there are complementary absorption spectra between both the polymer Poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] dithio‐phene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PBDB‐T) and Y6. Organic solar cells utilizing the PBDB‐T:TDPT‐TBA blend achieves a high open‐circuit voltage of 0.942 V, yielding a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.72%. When TDPT‐TBA is incorporated into a PBDB‐T:Y6 binary active layer, the optimized ternary organic solar cells reach a PCE of 16.06%, surpassing the efficiency of the binary PBDB‐T:Y6 configuration, which is 13.51%, under identical processing conditions. The increase in PCE can be attributed to several factors, including the utilization of excitons generated in TDPT‐TBA via energy transfer to Y6, a longer charge carrier lifetime, shorter charge extraction times, increased crystallinity, and denser stacking distance. These factors collectively contribute to reduced carrier recombination and improved charge transport.
A Method of Prediction and Control of NOx Emission Reduction in Pure Oxygen Combustion Reheating Furnace
Authors: Zheng Yutao , Yu Zhengjun , Chi Tao , Chen Xue‐Bo
Published: January 2025

When the traditional double‐cross‐limiting control method is used to control the furnace temperature of the full‐oxygen heating furnace, the strong oxidizing nature of pure oxygen often causes the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to exceed the standard. In order to solve this problem, a new inverse double‐cross‐limiting predictive control method is proposed in this article. First, the reverse double‐cross‐limiting control method sets itself apart from the traditional one by initially opening the pure oxygen valve followed by the natural gas valve. In this way, by curbing excessive oxygen levels, the issue of NOx emissions surpassing regulatory limits can be effectively addressed. Second, based on bidirectional long and short memory neural network (BiLSTM) and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimization, a new SSA‐BiLSTM prediction model is proposed to monitor and predict the change trend of NOx in real time. Compared with other five prediction models, the SSA‐BiLSTM prediction model has advantages in determination coefficient, root mean square error, and other evaluation indicators. Finally, the experimental results show that the SSA‐BiLSTM prediction and inverse double‐cross‐limiting control method can effectively control the NOx emission below 40 mg m−3 while ensuring the normal temperature rise of the heating furnace.
Numerische Ermittlung plastischer Grenzmomente der primären Torsion von U‐ und Winkelprofilen
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Ibáñez Stalin
Published: January 2025

Bei bautechnischen Nachweisen zahlreicher Stahlprofile ist es möglich, plastische Tragreserven auszunutzen. In der Literatur finden sich Algorithmen zur Bestimmung plastischer Grenztragfähigkeiten von Querschnitten unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener numerischer Herangehensweisen, wie z. B. der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode oder Verfahren mit Dehnungsiterationen. Insbesondere für Schubspannungszustände, wie sie bei der primären Torsion vorliegen, ist dies mit gewissen Herausforderungen verbunden. Darüber hinaus werden hierzu notwendige Verfahren häufig nicht derart aufbereitet, dass eine unmittelbare programmtechnische Umsetzung möglich ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird daher ein Algorithmus für die plastische Analyse mit Verfahren der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode zur Querschnittsabbildung verknüpft und für das Problem der primären Torsion aufbereitet. Dabei werden Querschnitte durch isoparametrische zweidimensionale Elemente diskretisiert, die es erlauben, jede Geometrie mit hoher Genauigkeit zu beschreiben. Diese werden zur Bestimmung präziser Grenztragfähigkeiten der primären Torsion von baupraktisch relevanten warmgewalzten U‐ und Winkelprofilen genutzt, die zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt nicht verfügbar sind.
DSKIPP: A Prompt Method to Enhance the Reliability in LLMs for Java API Recommendation Task
Authors: Yang Jingbo , Wu Wenjun , Ren Jian
Published: January 2025

In the realm of software development, selecting the appropriate Java application programming interfaces (APIs) from a vast pool remains a significant challenge for developers. This research addresses this complexity by tackling the limitations of current API recommendation methods, which often struggle to align API suggestions with the specific queries and development contexts. In this paper, we introduce a novel prompt method named DSKIPP (Development Scenario, key Knowledge and Intention's Progressive Prompt), designed to enhance the efficiency of large language models (LLMs) in Java API recommendations. Firstly, we devise an overview of DSKIPP which conducts LLMs through a sequential process: first, inferring the package level, followed by the class level, and ultimately the method level as an API comprises three distinct components at varying levels—package, class and method. Secondly, at each level, DSKIPP assists LLMs in deducing the development scenario associated with a query and the essential key knowledge relevant to that scenario. This approach enables LLMs to gain a more profound contextual understanding of the query's intention. Moreover, during the inference process at the class and method level, we implement a self‐check mechanism enabling LLMs to validate the results and ensure a more reasoned and reliable outcome. To validate the efficiency of DSKIPP, comparison and ablation experiments are both conducted within Java programming environment. The comparison results affirm that our method outperforms the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies in API recommendation tasks, while the ablation results shed light on why DSKIPP can enhance the reliability of API recommendations in LLMs. This research contributes to the field by offering a more reliable and context‐sensitive solution for API recommendation in software development.
The Appreciative Campus: Rehumanizing Higher Education Through the Appreciative Education Theory‐to‐Practice Framework
Authors: Propst Cuevas Amanda E. , Bloom Jennifer L. , Warshaw Jarrett B.
Published: January 2025

How can we provide a quality student experience, cultivate human connections, and create learning and working environments in which all members of an institution can thrive? The purpose of this chapter is to highlight how the Appreciative Education theory‐to‐practice framework can help guide institutions in becoming Appreciative Campuses by providing a fully human‐centered approach for rehumanizing, recentering, and reinvigorating college campuses. We highlight the strides and strategies by which institutions may become Appreciative Campuses, to ultimately address postsecondary challenges through an intentional, human‐centered approach.
Afterwords
Authors: Okada Alexandra
Published: January 2025

This final chapter indicates three learning objectives:

Reflect on the findings from the case studies, particularly the opportunities and limitations of knowledge cartography.

Understand the benefits of mapping, such as visual thinking, insights, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Consider mapping techniques within communities of practice, using the CARE-KNOW-DO framework to foster shared knowledge creation across research, teaching, and learning.
Vernachlässigte Tropenkrankheiten
Authors: Walther Antonia , Kotsias-Konopelska Sarah , Gunasekara Leonie , Rahden Paul , Kobbe Robin
Published: January 2025

Vernachlässigte Tropenkrankheiten („neglected tropical diseases“, NTD) sind, insbesondere in ressourcenlimitierten Regionen und Ländern, ein bedeutendes globales Gesundheitsproblem. Klimawandel, politische Unruhen und wirtschaftliche Not, die zu Migration führen, sowie unzureichende Gesundheitsinfrastrukturen verschärfen die Situation und führen dazu, dass sich NTD ausbreiten und zunehmend an Relevanz auch für Deutschland und Europa gewinnen. Unterernährung und Entwicklungsstörungen als Folgen chronischer Infektionen führen v. a. bei Kindern zu langfristigen Einbußen in Gesundheit, Lebensqualität und Produktivität. Trotz der erheblichen Konsequenzen für Milliarden Menschen erhalten NTD vergleichsweise wenig Aufmerksamkeit und Forschungsförderung. Anlässlich des jährlich stattfindenden World NTD Tags am 30.01. beschäftigt sich dieser Artikel mit dem Thema, der Relevanz von NTD für Deutschland und Europa und gibt einen kurzen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung in Deutschland.
Schneller zur genetischen Diagnose bei Kindern mit auffälliger Fazies durch künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Krawitz Peter M. , Ruder Adele , Niehues Tim
Published: January 2025

Die Blickdiagnose gehört zu den ältesten und faszinierendsten Fähigkeiten in der Medizin. Sie erlaubt es, allein durch den geübten Blick eine Diagnose zu stellen oder zumindest eine Verdachtsdiagnose zu formulieren. Bei seltenen genetischen Erkrankungen ist diese Art der Diagnose jedoch meist Dysmorphologen – Experten, die speziell auf das Erkennen subtiler und auf das Vorliegen eines Syndroms hindeutender Gesichtsmerkmale geschult sind, – vorbehalten. Viele Kinder- und Jugendärzte besitzen eine ausgeprägte Intuition dafür, ob ein Kind eine auffällige Fazies aufweist. Diese wird in den klinischen Aufzeichnungen im englischsprachigen Raum manchmal mit der Abkürzung „funny looking child“ (FLC) vermerkt – ein Ausdruck, der die Schwierigkeit beschreibt, eine visuell erkannte Auffälligkeit eindeutig zu benennen und zuzuordnen. Mit der Hilfe von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI), insbesondere durch das System GestaltMatcher (sog. Next Generation Phenotyping, NGP), und anschließender genetischer Diagnostik (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) können Kinder- und Jugendärzte bei auffälliger Fazies des Kindes schneller als bisher zur Diagnose selbst sehr seltener genetischer Erkrankungen kommen. Dies verkürzt nicht nur die Zeit der Unsicherheit bis zur Diagnosestellung, sondern kann ggf. auch einen erheblichen therapeutischen und psychologischen Nutzen für die betroffenen Kinder und ihre Familien darstellen.