bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH OF DYNAMICS OF HYDROGEN SULPHIC CORROSION OF METAL OF CASING UNDER THE LAYER OF MODIFIED CONCRETE
Authors: Nemah A. , Nesterenko S. , Donskyi D. , Skrypiy Yu.
Published: July 2020

The issue of protection of problem areas of oil well casings, which are operated in aggressive environments of formation fluids of Iraq, containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and chlorides, is considered. It is pro-posed to reduce the influence of aggressive factors by using modified cement compositions. The chemical composi-tion of Portland cements and modified compositions based on them was studied, experimental samples of cement stone were obtained and tested in a simulated aggressive environment (80% CO2 and 20% H2S) at a temperature of 105˚ C for 1200 hours.
The dynamics of corrosion development in steel 45 under the cement layer is analyzed. It is shown that the rate of crevice corrosion of casing metal (steel 45), protected by modified concrete, obtained on the basis of Port-land cement grade G is much lower (5-6 times) relative to protection by unmodified concrete, and the protective effect of modified cement stone increases over time. It is concluded that the modification has a positive effect on the protective properties of cement stone.
In the process of researching new grouting materials having improved anticorrosion properties, optimal for-mulations of the developed compositions were selected, the dependence of the strength characteristics, adhesion and gas permeability of the stone, as well as its anticorrosion properties on the ratio of components in grouting mixtures were studied.
The use of new grouting materials with improved inhibitory properties will help to reduce the risks of prema-ture deformation of the deep sections of the casing string as a result of the corrosion destruction of its external surface, as well as improve the quality of formation demarcation in oil and gas wells with aggressive fluids con-taining hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and a significant amount of dissolved in formation water of chloride ions, has practical value.
The results of the work have the prospect of practical application for fastening deep wells, including direc-tional ones, in difficult mining and geological conditions on exploration areas and industrial oil fields of Iraq.
Keywords: casing string, formation fluids, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, chlorides, corrosion, Portland cement, grouting materials, protective properties
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MANAGEMENT FROM THE POSI-TION OF PROJECT APPROACH
Authors: Kadykova I. , Khvostichenko V.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to build a conceptual model of strategic project management through the prism of a multidisciplinary approach. Project management methodologies for the place of strategic management of complex nonlinear system development are analyzed. Standardized, adaptive and combined project and program management methodologies (PMBoK, P2M, PRINCE2, MSP, Agile) are considered. The authors pay special atten-tion to the study of the influence of the external environment on a complex nonlinear system in the context of a synergetic approach. The main part describes the process of expanding the scope of project management and inte-gration of project management with modern methods and tools of other management disciplines. Elements of the theory of synergetics and the classical theory of the design approach to the management of the development of a complex nonlinear system are synthesized. The necessity of clear definition by the team of the project of the struc-tural attractor, ie the direction of strategic development of the system is substantiated. The tool for determining compliance with the contextual requirements of SMART-goals of alternative scenarios for strategic development projects is considered. The tool of the Ishikawa diagram is used to determine the most influential factors on possi-ble deviations of the project from the strategic development of a complex nonlinear system. The conducted theoret-ical research allowed the authors to build a conceptual model of system development strategy management from the standpoint of the project approach. The conceptual model of strategic project management is constructed, the principles of its work and its use in discrete systems for actualization of administrative decisions in the conditions of risk and uncertainty are resulted. The expediency of using this conceptual model in managing the integration of strategic development projects is substantiated.
Keywords: strategy, project management, program, project, synergetic, bifurcation.
Brexit and attachment
Authors: Neustatter Angela
Published: July 2020

An exploration of how the decision to leave Europe feels, to many committed Remainers, as though our secure valued attachment to a motherland we have long believed was the place we were right to believe in and trust is being ripped from our souls. It is, surely, a type of attachment disorder. Yet this despairing reaction by Remainers has no place in the thoughts of those determined to "Get Brexit done".
DEVELOPMENT OF CCDSR TEACHING MODEL TO IMPROVE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE PHYSICS TEACHERS
Authors: Limatahu Iqbal , Wasis Wasis , Sutoyo Suyatno , Prahani Binar Kurnia
Published: July 2020

CCDSR teaching model is physics teaching with the scientific activities by design to improve science process skills and its learning. This research was conducted to develop and produce a qualified CCDSR teaching model to improve the science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. The analysis of CCDSR teaching models’ quality was done by using mean validity score, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, Paired t-test, N-gain, and ANOVA test. The results showed that the CCDSR teaching model was proved to be qualified (valid, practical, and effective) to improve the science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. Based on response results was that the CCDSR teaching model can improve the learning skills of science process skills (designing and implementing science process skills learning) owned by pre-service physics teachers. The implication of this research is that the CCDSR teaching model can be an innovative solution to improve science process skills of pre-service physics teachers. Keywords: CCDSR teaching model, research and development, pre-service physics teachers, science process skills.
TAKE-HOME-EXPERIMENT: ENHANCING STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE
Authors: Zulirfan Zulirfan , Iksan Zanaton H. , Osman Kamisah , Mohd Salehudin Sayyidah Nusaibah
Published: July 2020

One classic problem in science education that is still happening today is the lack of learners’ involvement in scientific activity. This may lead to not instilling positive scientific attitudes and the fostering of positive attitudes towards science is an important aspect that could promote greater interest towards science. The Take-Home-Experiment strategy is an attempt to implement an alternative strategy to ascertain whether its implementation promotes a positive attitude towards science among lower secondary school students. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the effect of the T-H-E strategy on students' scientific attitudes. A total of 151 students in Form 2 from a lower secondary school at Pekanbaru Indonesia were divided into three groups: T-H-E group, Laboratory-Experimental group and Conventional group. The research used a questionnaire instrument on scientific attitude which consisted of 31 items with a Cronbach alpha reliability index of 0.68. The result of a one-way ANOVA shows that there was a significant difference in scientific attitude of students among these 3 groups. The mean score (mean = 3.21) for scientific attitude of the T-H-E group was higher compared to both the laboratory-experimental group (mean = 3.07) and the conventional group (mean = 2.91). This research found that the use of the Take-Home-Experiment strategy in teaching science has the potential to enhance lower secondary school students’ scientific attitude. Keywords: scientific approach, teaching science, scientific attitude, Take-Home-Experiment.
Analisis Tipe Kepemimpinan Paternalistik Dalam Peningkatan Pelayanan Publik di Tengah Situasi Pandemik Covid-19
Authors: Marwiyah Siti , Halima Nur , Maulidi Finni
Published: July 2020

Currently, the Covid-19 pandemics have begun to cause real loss among the public. Many victims who have attacked Indonesian society, began to the sick even to death. It is enough to make the community panic and fear the Covid-19 pandemics. So how can a leader make people calm and take care. The handling done to date is social distancing. However, various forms of public service are still run by government. As a leader with the type of the head of the community that is widely found in the environment, it is still traditional. In other words, his legitimacy of leadership is seen as natural and normal with its organizational implications, such as commanding authority and decision making without having to consult with his subordinates in prioritizing togetherness. Research was conducted to know how the type of paternalistic leadership in the village of Ketapang Kota Probolinggo increased the public service in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemics. With the results of the paternalistic leadership type research affects the level of public servants in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Climate and season are associated with prevalence and distribution of trans-hemispheric blue crab reovirus (Callinectes sapidus reovirus 1)
Authors: Zhao M , Behringer DC , Bojko J , Kough AS , Plough L , Tavares CPS , Aguilar-Perera A , Reynoso OS , Seepersad G , Maharaj O , Sanders MB , Carnales D , Fabiano G , Carnevia D , Freeman MA , Atherley NAM , Medero-Hernández LD , Schott EJ
Published: July 2020

Among the many Callinectes spp. across the western Atlantic, the blue crab C. sapidus has the broadest latitudinal distribution, encompassing both tropical and temperate climates. Its life history varies latitudinally, from extended overwintering at high latitudes to year-round activity in tropical locations. Callinectes sapidus reovirus 1 (CsRV1) is a pathogenic virus first described in North Atlantic C. sapidus and has recently been detected in southern Brazil. Little information exists about CsRV1 prevalence at intervening latitudes or in overwintering blue crabs. Using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method, this study investigated CsRV1 prevalence in C. sapidus across latitudinal differences in temperature and crab life history, as well as in additional Callinectes spp. and within overwintering C. sapidus. CsRV1 prevalence in C. sapidus was significantly correlated with high water temperature and blue crab winter dormancy. Prevalence of CsRV1 in C. sapidus on the mid-Atlantic coast was significantly lower in winter than in summer. CsRV1 infections were not detected in other Callinectes spp. These findings revealed that CsRV1 is present in C. sapidus across their range, but not in other Callinectes species, with prevalence associated with temperature and host life history. Such information helps us to better understand the underlying mechanisms that drive marine virus dynamics under changing environmental conditions.
COMMENTS ON THE GRAZING MANAGEMENT SESSION
Authors: Milligan K.
Published: July 2020

This collection of papers does four significant things: 1. It concentrates on hill country. 2. Precisely defines the research environment in pasture levels and animal production terms. One can clearly see the consequences in animal production at different times of the year when pre-grazing and residual herbage levels are defined and varied and to see the effects of different grazing systems at these pasture levels. Much better than high vs low stocking rates. 3. Attempts to set pature targets as well as animal production targets. 4. Defines critical pasture DM levels both below which pasture production is reduced, and above which control is lost. The proximity to these critical levels will, for a farmer, more precisely define the grazing management system he should adopt and the levels of animal production he should be able to achieve
ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSOWN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS IN NORTH ISLAND HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Falloon R.E. , Charlton J.F.L.
Published: July 2020

Seed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. 'Grasslands Ruanui') either untreated, treated with the fungicide captan, coated by a commercial process or coated plus captan, was oversown by hand into existing pastures at three separate hill country sites in Manawatu, Southern Hawke's Bay and Northern Wairarapa. The sites experienced dry, moist and wet conditions respectively, during the period after oversowing. Seedling establishment was poor at all sites and was unaffected by different seed treatments. The number of seedlings decreased between 2 and 8 weeks after oversowing at the moist and wet sites, but increased during this time at the dry site. Seedling establishment levels (% of viable seeds sown) at the three sites 8 weeks after oversowing were: dry, 17%; moist, 11%; and wet, 14%. It was only at the dry site that large numbers of viable seeds were recovered four weeks after oversowing. These results typify the poor levels of establishment that are achieved in hill country from oversown grass seed. Keywords: pasture establishment, perennial ryegrass, seed treatment, oversowing, hill country.
PASTURE COMPOSITION UNDER MIXED SHEEP AND GOAT GRAZING ON HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Clark D.A. , Rolston M.P. , Lambert M.G. , Budding P.J.
Published: July 2020

Hill country pasture was grazed by the following ratios of goats and sheep from 1979-l 983: 100% goats (Goat 100). 66% goats and 34% sheep (Goat 66)) 33% goats and 67% sheep (doat 33), 100% set-stocked sheep (Sheep 100) and 100% mobstocked sheep. Changes in botanical composition, herbage mass and herbage accumulation rate were measured by sample dissection, visual estimation and trimmed exclosure cages respectively on three slope classes (banks, slopes and tracks). Pastures grazed by goats developed Yorkshire fog IHolcus lanatus)- white clover (Trifolium repens L.) associations with strong white clover growth on all slope classes unlike sheep-grazed pastures which contained little white clover and were dominated by perennial' ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.). The herbage mass of 3000, 1830, 1410 kg DM/ha on banks, slopes and tracks respectively for Sheep 100 pastures contrasted with that on the Goat 100 pastures of 2030, 3750 and 4300 kg DM/ha. White clover was enhanced on all slope classes in the Goat 100 treatment. Annual herbage accumulation was greater on the Goat 100 than Sheep 100 pastures, 13.9 and 11.2 t DM/ha respectively. There was a close association between increased annual white clover accumulation and tofal herbage accumulation. The complementary nature of sheepandgoatgrazing behavioursuggeststhe possibility of increased meat and fibre production from mixed grazing. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. Keywords: Sheep, goats, herbage mass, herbage accumulation rate, botanical composition, slope classes, white clover (Trifolium repens L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatusl, browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.).
SOIL SLIP EROSION AS A CONSTRAINT TO HILL COUNTRY PASTURE PRODUCTION
Authors: Trustrum N.A. , Thomas V.J. , Lambert M.G.
Published: July 2020

The results and implications of applying remote sensing techniques together with pasture measurements to quantify the influence of soil slip erosion oh hill country pasture productivity in the Wairarapa are reviewed. Sequential aerial photographs were used to identify, date, and measure the area of slip scars of different age. The reduction in potential productivity of hillslopes due to erosion was then determined by measuring the pasture growth ratesof the different aged slips (and uneroded ground) and integrating these with the proportions of the hillslopes of each age class. Three years of pasture measurements in the Wairarapa hill country showed that although slips revegetated rapidly over the first 20 years to within 7080% of the uneroded productivity, further recovery was slow. Our evidence suggests that these man-modified forest soils, once eroded, may never regain the same potential for agricultural production under a pasture regime. Reduction in pasture production associated with erosion was most severe in summer and mid-winter when farmers have the highest risk of major feed deficits. Since native forest removal, the reduction due to erosion in potential pastoral productivity, integrated over whole hillslopes, has reached 18% on these hillslopes. An estimation of the extent to which improved farming technology has probably masked this reduction in potential productivity is discussed. On hillslopes where severe erosion occurs continually, farmers will be faced with increasing difficulty in maintaining animal production levels unless soil conservation and farm management strategies are designed to further mask the impacts of erosion and thereby prolong the viability of pastoral agriculture on such hill country. Keywords: soil slip erosion; pasture production; hillslope; potential pasture production; hill country pasture; erosion rate; farm management technology; physiographic areas; fertiliser level.
SOLUTION-PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION AND MAINTENANCE-P APPLICATIONS IN A HILL SOIL
Authors: Mouat M.C.H.
Published: July 2020

Capital and maintenance dressings of phosphate to hill pastures are considered as part of an overall curvilinear response to phosphate under conditions of phosphate accretion with the degree of response in the maintenance period dependant on the level of prior phosphate input. The response to phosphate in plant growth rate is governed by the concentration of phosphate in solution in the soil. The concentration of phosphate in solutions in equilibrium with hill soils of different histories of phosphate application has been measured and the results expressed in termsof a hyperbolic convergence derived from the concept of capital and maintenance dressings. A reduced response, in solution phosphate concentration, to phosphate application was observed in soils which had received lower prior applications and in soils from which current phosphate inputs had been withheld. It follows, that any reduction in phosphate input will cause, not only a lowered solution phosphate concentration, but also a lowering of the increase in phosphate concentration per incremental phosphate addition. This points to a possible lowering of the efficiency in the utilisation of applied phosphate when the input of phosphate to hill pastures is reduced. Keywords: solution phosphate, phosphate fertility, capital inputs, maintenance inputs, hill soils
FARMING PATTERNS AND EXPORT GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN SOUTH CANTERBURY
Authors: Parker B.W.
Published: July 2020

The wide diversity of soil, topography and climate enables South Canterbury's 2300 farm holdings to produce a wide range of livestock, arable and horticultural products. The 3 counties (Strathallan, Waimate and Mackenzie) cover a land area of nearly 1.4 million hectares stretching between the Rangitata River in the north to the Waitaki River in the south and the coast in the east to the southern divide in the west. Approximately 75% or 1 million hectares are farmable falling into land use capability classes l-7 (Table 1). Of this approximately 200,000 hectares or 20% are in land use classes 1-3 and can therefore be considered as potentially arable. The bulk of this land occurs on the coastal plain and easier downlands in the counties of Strathat!an and Waimate. The balance of approx uuu,UUU hectares or 80% are in land use classes 4-7 being divided between 600,000 hectares of high country and 200,000 hectares of downland. Over two-thirds of the high country lies in the Mackenzie county while the downlands which can be further divided into wet and dry occur in all counties between the coastal plain and the inland high country.
BREEDING A WHITE CLOVER ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN LOWLAND REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Widdup K.H.
Published: July 2020

White clover populations from Europe and New Zealand together with ecotypes collected from old pastures in Southland-Otago were evaluated as spaced plants at Gore. Plants were screened for herbage production and morphological and flowering characteristics. The Southland ecotypes and North Island hill country material are adapted to active growth in spring and summer. Their dense growth habit ensures continued production of branched stolons from nodal meristems which is necessary for high clover yield and persistence under intensive sheep grazing. In this region flowering characteristics are unimportant in relation to agronomic performance. Some largerleaved Huia and French lines have high-yielding features which are evident during autumn under lenient grazing. Hybrids between superior plants showing adaptive and high yie!ding features are being screened in order to select new types with the desired characteristics. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens L., plant breeding, southern region, ecotypes, growth, morphology.
CHEMICAL MANIPULATION OF HILL COUNTRY PASTURES TO PRODUCE LEGUME DOMINANCE
Authors: Rolston M.P. , Clark D.A. , Devantier B.P.
Published: July 2020

Hill country pasture was sprayed with low fates of the herbicides paraquat, sethoxydim or Dowco 453 in late November. Legume content of the pasture 6 weeks after application increased from 29 to 61%, and from 12 to 31% in January 1983 and 1984 respectively. The chemicals reduced dry matter yields by 16 and 45%, 6 weeks after treatment, but yields were not reduced in subsequent harvests. The chemicals reduced dead matter content, strongly suppressed grass seed head production, increased clover seed head density and increased in vitro digestibility. Sethoxydim at high rates 150 g/ha reduced perennial ryegrass (Lo/km perenne) content, but Dowco 453 increased perennial ryegrass and decreased browntop (Agrosfis tenuis) content. The effect of clover content and dead matter on sheep diet selection is shown and the implications of these results for management of hill country pastures in moist si;m.mers are discussed. Keywords: herbicide, paraquat, sethoxydim, Dowco 453, white clover, Trifolium repens, hill country, in vitro digestibility, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne ryegrass, Lolium perenne browntop, Agrostis tenuis.
EARTHWORMS IN SOUTHERN NORTH ISLAND HILL PASTURES
Authors: Lambert M.G.
Published: July 2020

Earthworm populations were measured in hill pastures, near Woodville, which were rotationally grazed or set stocked by sheep, or rotationally grazed by cattle. For each grazing management there were two fertiliser treatments: high and low superphosphate application, and sampling sites were located within each of three slope and three aspect classes. Earthworm weight was greater in sheep-grazed than in cattle-grazed areas (91 vs 45 s/r+), was higher in high than in low fertiliser areas (93 vs 75 g/mz), and declined with increasing slope of measurement site. There was also a greater number of earthworms in sheep~grazed compared with cattle~grazed areas (645 vs 270/n+), earthworm numbers declined with slope, and aspect influenced earthworm numbers (SW
EFFECTS OF LATE-AUTUMN NITROGEN APPLICATION ON HILL COUNTRY PASTURES AND SHEEP PRODUCTION
Authors: Lambert M.G. , Clark D.A.
Published: July 2020

Effects of late-May/early June application of fertiliser nitrogen (N) on pasture and animal performance from hill pastures, were measured durmg 1982.1984 on four 10 ha farmlets at Ballantrae Research Area near Woodville. Two farmlets had a history of high superphosphate (375 kg/ha/year) application and were stocked at 16.1 ewes/ha and two farmlets that received less superphosphate (125 kg/ha/year) were stocked at 12 ewes/ha. Urea was applied at rates equivalent to 3kg N/ewe, or 50 and 37kg N/ha/year respectively on one high fertiliser and one low fertiliser farmlet. Pasture production responses were large and reliable (range of 17 to 34, average of 28kg DM/kg N), and extended through winter into spring. Average legume content of pastures was depressed from 12 to 8% by N applicahon. Ewes were heavier in winter and spring where N was applied, but not at mating in April/May. Lambing performance was similar across farmlets, but weaned lamb liveweight was 14% higher where N was applied. Nitrogen use resulted in 6% greater ewe wool production and 12% greater lamb wool production. Profitability of N use would have been enhanced if utilisatlon of N-boosted pasture had been greater, more responsive stock classes used, or application of superphosphate reduced temporarily. Keywords: Hill country, North Island, hill pastures, urea, fertiliser nitrogen, sheep production. wool production, lamb produchon, profItabIlity.
DIETARY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOATS AND SHEEP
Authors: Nicol A.M. , Poppi D.P. , Alam M.R. , Collins H.A.
Published: July 2020

Goats in pens eat about 20% more of a low quality feed than do sheep. This higher intake is just sufficient to match the higher maintenance energy requirement of the goats, so, in reality, they are not more suited to an existence on low quality feeds There is little difference between goats and sheep in the extent to which they digest and utilise feeds. It is clear that goats will eat more browse such as gorse, but under intensive pasture grazing, the dry matter intake of goats falls more rapidly than that of sheep as the herbage mass declines. Goats seem to be unwilling to graze less preferred components of the sward. These results suggest sheep rather than goats have to be used to graze to low herbage masses unless low intakes and performance of goats can be accepted.
Energy Factors of Occurrence Windows and Clearings in the Forest
Authors: Rogozin M.
Published: July 2020

In the forests near Perm, 184-year-old stands of common pine of class I Bonita were studied with a fullness of 0.93 and a reserve of 620 m3/ha. On an area of 2.2 hectares, live and dead trees over 60 years were mapped to the plan with an accuracy of ±10-35 cm. Then, using phyto-and bioindication (biolocation), more than 1200 pieces were chart small geoactive zones (hereinafter referred to as zones) with geo-linking to the centers of the bases of the trunks of nearby trees. They were classified into 7 types: pathogenic (Hartman and Kurri networks), favorable in size 1.0 and 3.0 m, and neutral in size 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 m. The interaction of trees was divided into six levels, for which 5 map layers were formed. The Windows included places with a distance between trees of 8.76 m or more, where the interaction of trees decreased to 0.16 from the average level. It was found that Windows occupy 41% of the area and the reasons for their formation in 100% of cases were four factors. The first is the absence of favorable zones of 1.0 and 3.0 m in size: 94% of cases of window formation where there were no such zones. The second is the effect of pathogenic zones and depression zones of other zones: 39% of cases; they inhibited the growth of trees and led to their fall, but the proportion of their area in the windows was the same as in the whole stand. The third is the settlement of undergrowth on favorable zones, which may have prevented pine trees from settling on them in the past: 6% of cases. The fourth is the decline due to competition, and the trees were in neutral places without the energy from favorable zones that their neighbors received: 3% of the cases of Windows. That is, the "competitive struggle" was not equal, and a small or large area of nutrition in trees did not play a role in this struggle.
Cultural Processes in the Rural Areas of Transnistria, 1941-1944
Authors: Osypenko Oleksandr
Published: July 2020

The issue of cultural policy of the Romanian occupation administration in the Transnistrian countryside in 1941-1944.

It is established that one of the important steps of the Romanian administration towards ideological support of its presence and functioning of the authorities in the territory of Southwestern Ukraine was a policy aimed at supporting the Orthodox Church, education and culture as a whole in the occupied territories.

To achieve this goal, the Romanian Orthodox Mission in Transnistria was established. The main task of this religious group was the organization and management of church-religious life in the territory of the Bug-Dniester rivers. The Romanian Orthodox mission has launched activities to spread the Christian doctrine among the population, its catechesis and conversion of people to God, as well as the restoration, restoration and commissioning of church buildings in Transnistria.

One of the primary tasks for the new government was to restore the functioning of primary and secondary education. Transnistria governorate implemented a Romanian school system where primary education was compulsory and reading, reading and writing skills were compulsory for all children and teens. In the process of organization the invasive process, the occupying power introduced a synthesis of the adjusted Soviet training programs and programs, which were officially studied in the Romanian kingdom. Much attention was paid to the organization of various groups of amateur art and aesthetic education of children.

It has been established that in the cities of Romanian administration, from the first days of the occupation, started to set activities of recreation establishments, and only then began to worry about opening similar foundtions in county centers, and occasionally tried to organize something like the average rural resident. One of the centers organizations of recreation for the local population became the Romanian cultural circles which were opened both in county centers and in villages of «Transnistria».

Despite considerable progress in setting cultural and educational work in rural areas of these lands. However, all these measures were used by the Transnistria administration in the first place for the systematic and forced Romanianization for the local, overwhelmingly rural population.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Remaja
Authors: Elvira Elvira , Hastono Sutanto Priyo , Misytah Siti
Published: July 2020

Usia remaja merupakan usia yang sangat aktif termasuk dalam dorongan dan perilaku seksualnya. Pada masa remaja, rasa ingin tahu mengenai seksualitas sangat penting terutama dalam pembentukan hubungan dengan lawan jenisnya.. Tujuan Peneltian : Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di SMA N 1 Pemali, Bangka Tahun 2016.  Jenis penelitian kuntitatif dengan jenis non ekperimental  rancangan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian seluruh siswa/siswi kelas X dengan estimasi jumlah populasi  292 responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 279 dan 16 sampel dikeluarkan karena ketidakhadiran  responden saat pelaksanaan penelitian. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dalam bentuk kuesioner.Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 5 Desember 2016.Analisis data peneltian menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil :Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan(p-value = 0.026),jenis kelamin (p-value = 0.005),pola asuh orang tua (p-value = 0.005),pendidikan orang tua (pendidikan ayah (p-value = 0.008),pendidikan ibu (p-value = 0.037),ketaatan beribadah (p-value = 0.001),paparan media pornografi (p-value = 0.005),pacaran (p-value = 0.005) dan pengaruh teman sebaya (p-value = 0.005) dengan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di SMA N 1 Pemali Bangka tahun 2016.  Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap (p-value = 0.095),tempat tinggal (p-value = 0.296), dan pendapatan orang tua (p-value = 0.303)  dengan dengan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di SMA N 1 Pemali Bangka tahun 2016.Faktor yang paling dominan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel pacaran dengan OR=20.595.Kesimpulan : Perilaku seksual pranikah berhubungan dengan pengetahuan,jenis kelamin,pola asuh orang tua,pendidikan orang tua,ketaatan beribadah,paparan media pornografi,pacaran dan teman sebaya di SMA N 1 Pemali,Bangka Tahun 2016.
Analisa Kemampuan Perawat dalam Mengklasifikasi Pasien Cedera Kepala Berdasarkan Nilai Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Authors: Meilando Rizky
Published: July 2020

Cedera kepala merupakan penyebab utama kematian, angka mortalitas dan morbiditas cedera kepala ini mendekati sepertiga penyebab kematian pada pasien dengan multitrauma di berbagai Negara khususnya Indonesia. Data di RSUD Depati Hamzah Kota Pangkalpinang, Pada tahun 2015 jumlah total angka kejadian cedera kepala sebanyak 200 kasus, Pada tahun 2016 jumlah total angka kejadian cedera kepala sebanyak 262 kasus, Dan pada tahun 2017 jumlah total angka kejadian cedera kepala sebanyak 197 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kemampuan perawat dalam mengklasifikasi pasien cedera kepala berdasarkan nilai GCS di IGD RSUD Depati Hamzah Kota Pangkalpinang tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber informan sebanyak 4 orang perawat pelaksana, 1 orang Kepala ruangan, 1 orang dokter, dan 1 Kasi Keperawatan. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perawat di IGD RSUD Depati Hamzah memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup baik, perawat melakukan tindakan sesuai dengan SOP (Standart Operasional Prosedur) yang ada, perawat minimal harus tersertifikasi pelatihan BTCLS, dan tidak ada supervisi di IGD RSUD Depati Hamzah Kota Pangkalpinang.Saran penelitian ini perlu adanya penyampaian sosialisasi tentang SOP kepada pegawai di IGD sehingga semua pegawai di IGD baik dokter ataupun perawat tau mengenai hal tersebut dan perlu adanya pengaktifan kembali sistem supervisi yang ada dirumah sakit, dan perlu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keahlihan SDM melalui penambahan kuota pelatihan BTCLS.
Comparative Assessment of Thermo-Syngas Fermentative and Liquefaction Technologies as Waste Plastics Repurposing Strategies
Authors: Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Faloye Funmilayo D.
Published: July 2020

The present study comparatively investigates the potential of waste plastic utilization as a feedstock for the production of liquid fuels to satisfy the rising liquid fuel demands of the transportation industry while simultaneously resolving the global plastic waste pollution challenge. For the first time, therefore, conceptual models simulating the production of transportation fuels of ethanol and gasoline from waste plastics via the technologies of thermo-syngas fermentation and hydrothermal liquefaction were assessed using classic technoeconomic assessment methods. The conceptual models were developed based on existing experimental data as obtained from the literature and simulated using ASPEN Plus as the preferred process simulation tool. This study demonstrated the technical viability of both conversion pathways with the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of waste plastics for gasoline production shown to constitute a more economically preferable pathway. This was because the HTL of waste plastics presented a higher internal rate of return (IRR) value and a lower unit processing cost of 51.3% and USD 0.38 per kg compared to the thermo-syngas fermentation pathway that presented an IRR value and a unit processing cost value of 22.2% and USD 0.42 per kg, respectively. Payback periods of 5 years and 2 years were also determined as vital to recoup initial capital invested in the thermo-syngas fermentation project and the HTL project, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a basis for further work regarding waste plastic management strategies while offering a useful guide for policy makers in determining the most cost-effective way to utilize waste plastic and thus promote favorable environmental outcomes.
Effects of Rice Husk Biochar on Carbon Release and Nutrient Availability in Three Cultivation Age of Greenhouse Soils
Authors: Tsai Chen-Chi , Chang Yu-Fang
Published: July 2020

Greenhouse production can contribute to the accumulation of salt and heavy metals and nutrient imbalance, thus, increasingly degrading greenhouse soils. The potential of rice husk biochar to increase carbon sequestration, neutralize soil pH, increase nutrient retention, and change nutrient/heavy metal sorption/desorption in greenhouse soils is promising. Therefore, we investigated three greenhouse soils (red soil) with 3, 14, and 24 cultivation years (3S, 14S, and 24S) in northern Taiwan to test the effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) on carbon dynamics and nutrient availability. A 100-day incubation study was conducted in which poultry-livestock manure compost (2% by wt.) and six rice-husk-based, slow-pyrolysis biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures were applied (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 4.0%, 10%, and 20% by wt.) to three red soils. The study results indicated that the RHB pyrolyzed at high temperatures, with relatively high pH and Ca content, could lead to a higher neutralizing effect when applied to the soil. In addition, the high temperatures pyrolyzed RHB had a higher capacity to reduce the concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the three soils, especially for the younger cultivation soil, which contributed to the higher pH and relatively high surface area of these RHB, and the relative lower soil pH of the younger soil. Furthermore, only adding 0.5% RHB could result in an evident change in soil characteristics for 3S and 24S soil, including cumulative C release, pH, EC, TC, and available K increase, but 4% RHB addition was needed for 14S soil. In the condition of co-application with 2% compost (by wt.), 4% RHB addition was necessary for carbon sequestration, at least 10% RHB addition was needed for 3S and 14S soil, but 1.0 to 4.0% would be sufficient for 24S. In conclusion, the RHB and compost co-application in greenhouse soil resulted in improved chemical properties, and the effect of the pyrolysis temperature, application rate, and cultivation age had varying improvements.
Fruit Breeding in Regard to Color and Seed Hardness: A Genomic View from Pomegranate
Authors: Zhang Xinhui , Zhao Yujie , Ren Yuan , Wang Yuying , Yuan Zhaohe
Published: July 2020

Many fruit trees have been whole-genome sequenced, and these genomic resources provide us with valuable resources of genes related to interesting fruit traits (e.g., fruit color, size and taste) and help to facilitate the breeding progress. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), one economically important fruit crop, has attracted much attention for its multiple colors, sweet and sour taste, soft seed and nutraceutical properties. In recent years, the phylogenesis of pomegranate has been revised which belongs to Lythraceae. So far, three published pomegranate genomes including ‘Taishanhong’, ‘Tunisia’ and ‘Dabenzi’ have been released on NCBI with open availability. This article analyzed and compared the assembly and annotation of three published pomegranate genomes. We also analyzed the evolution-development of anthocyanin biosynthesis and discussed pomegranate population genetics for soft seed breeding. These provided some references for horticultural crop breeding on the basis of genomic resources, especially pomegranate.
Resistance Evolution to EPSPS Inhibiting Herbicides in False Barley (Hordeum murinum) Harvested in Southern Spain
Authors: Vázquez-García José G. , Castro Patricia , Torra Joel , Cruz Ricardo Alcántara-de la , Prado Rafael De
Published: July 2020

A failure of the EPSPS-inhibiting herbicide glyphosate to control several populations of Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (or H. murinum) occurred in southern Spain after more than fifteen applications in both crop (olive, orchards, and citrus) and non-crop (dry areas, roadsides and ditches) areas. Eight out of 18 populations studied were resistant (R) to glyphosate with R factors higher than four based on GR50. These populations also had the highest values of LD50 and the lowest levels of shikimic acid accumulation. Two adjuvants tested increased glyphosate efficacy in both susceptible (S) and R populations thanks to better spray foliar retention. Moreover, PS I-, PS II-, and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, in pre- or post-emergence, proved to be the best chemical alternatives with different sites of action (SoA) to control both S and glyphosate-R populations. This study represents the first report worldwide of glyphosate resistance in H. murinum found in very different crop and non-crop areas from southern Spain. To design chemical strategies to implement integrated weed management programs for glyphosate-R H. murinum, both adjuvants and herbicides with alternative SoA as well as application timings should be considered.
Effect of Human Attachment Style on Horse Behaviour and Physiology during Equine-Assisted Activities–A Pilot Study
Authors: Arrazola Aitor , Merkies Katrina
Published: July 2020

Equine-assisted activities (EAA) for human well-being and health rely on human–horse interactions for therapeutic effect. At-risk participants with mental and emotional difficulties can show poor social skills and functioning relationships, potentially leading to unsuccessful human–horse interaction in EAA. This study addresses the effect of the attachment style (AS) of at-risk adolescents on horse physiology and behaviour during an equine-facilitated learning (EFL) program. Thirty-three adolescents participated in a 10-week EFL program with nine therapy horses (the same therapy horse per adolescent throughout the program). Adolescent AS was categorized into secure (n = 7), preoccupied (n = 11), dismissing (n = 1), or fearful (n = 12) using an Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationship Structure questionnaire. Horse heart rate (HR) and behaviour (affiliative and avoidance behaviours) in response to adolescents were recorded during grooming and riding. Over time, horses with fearful AS adolescents showed consistently more affiliative behaviours compared to those with preoccupied AS adolescents during grooming, and more constant HR and avoidance behaviours compared to those with secure AS adolescents during riding. These results suggest that a more predictable and less stressful physiological and behavioural response of therapy horses toward participants in EAA with emotional and behavioural difficulties can be mediated by a human insecure attachment style.
Insights into Host–Pathogen Interactions in Biofilm-Infected Wounds Reveal Possibilities for New Treatment Strategies
Authors: Trøstrup Hannah , Laulund Anne Sofie Boe , Moser Claus
Published: July 2020

Normal wound healing occurs in three phases—the inflammatory, the proliferative, and the remodeling phase. Chronic wounds are, for unknown reasons, arrested in the inflammatory phase. Bacterial biofilms may cause chronicity by arresting healing in the inflammatory state by mechanisms not fully understood. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common wound pathogen with remarkable abilities in avoiding host defense and developing microbial resistance by biofilm formation, is detrimental to wound healing in clinical studies. The host response towards P. aeruginosa biofilm-infection in chronic wounds and impact on wound healing is discussed and compared to our own results in a chronic murine wound model. The impact of P. aeruginosa biofilms can be described by determining alterations in the inflammatory response, growth factor profile, and count of leukocytes in blood. P. aeruginosa biofilms are capable of reducing the host response to the infection, despite a continuously sustained inflammatory reaction and resulting local tissue damage. A recent observation of in vivo synergism between immunomodulatory and antimicrobial S100A8/A9 and ciprofloxacin suggests its possible future therapeutic potential.
FimH and Anti-Adhesive Therapeutics: A Disarming Strategy Against Uropathogens
Authors: Sarshar Meysam , Behzadi Payam , Ambrosi Cecilia , Zagaglia Carlo , Palamara Anna Teresa , Scribano Daniela
Published: July 2020

Chaperone-usher fimbrial adhesins are powerful weapons against the uropathogens that allow the establishment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As the antibiotic therapeutic strategy has become less effective in the treatment of uropathogen-related UTIs, the anti-adhesive molecules active against fimbrial adhesins, key determinants of urovirulence, are attractive alternatives. The best-characterized bacterial adhesin is FimH, produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Hence, a number of high-affinity mono- and polyvalent mannose-based FimH antagonists, characterized by different bioavailabilities, have been reported. Given that antagonist affinities are firmly associated with the functional heterogeneities of different FimH variants, several FimH inhibitors have been developed using ligand-drug discovery strategies to generate high-affinity molecules for successful anti-adhesion therapy. As clinical trials have shown d-mannose’s efficacy in UTIs prevention, it is supposed that mannosides could be a first-in-class strategy not only for UTIs, but also to combat other Gram-negative bacterial infections. Therefore, the current review discusses valuable and effective FimH anti-adhesive molecules active against UTIs, from design and synthesis to in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
Adelmidrol: A New Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Tool in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Fusco Roberta , Cordaro Marika , Genovese Tiziana , Impellizzeri Daniela , Siracusa Rosalba , Gugliandolo Enrico , Peritore Alessio Filippo , D’Amico Ramona , Crupi Rosalia , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Di Paola Rosanna
Published: July 2020

Background: Chronic pulmonary diseases are characterized by airway remodeling due to complex multicellular responses and the production of free oxygen radicals. They lead to a progressive decline of pulmonary functions. Adelmidrol is an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which is a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant compound. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of adelmidrol (10 mg/Kg) for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Methods: Bleomycin intratracheal administration was performed on the first day and for the following twenty-one days, mice were treated with adelmidrol (10 mg/Kg). Results: The survival rate and body weight gain were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, adelmidrol-administered animals showed reduced airway infiltration by inflammatory cells, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression (IL,6 IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-1β). Moreover, adelmidrol treatment was able to manage the significant incapacity of antioxidants and elevation of the oxidant burden, as shown by the MDA, SOD, and GSH levels and decreased nitric oxide production. It was also able to significantly modulate the JAK2/STAT3 and IκBα/NF-kB pathway. Histologic examination of the lung tissues showed reduced sample injury, mast cell degranulation, chymase activity, and collagen deposition. Conclusions: In sum, our results propose adelmidrol as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.