bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gradient boosting for generalised additive mixed models
Authors: Knieper Lars , Hothorn Torsten , Bergherr Elisabeth , Griesbach Colin
Published: December 2024

Generalised additive mixed models are a common tool for modelling of grouped or longitudinal data where random effects are incorporated into the model in order to account for within-group or inter-individual correlations. As an alternative to established penalised maximum likelihood approaches, several different types of boosting routines have been developed to make more demanding data situations manageable. However, when estimating mixed models with component-wise gradient boosting, random and fixed effects compete within the variable selection mechanism. This can result in irregular selection properties and biased parameter estimates, particularly when covariates are constant within clusters. Moreover, while researchers typically are more interested in the covariance structure of random effects than in the effects themselves, current gradient boosting implementations focus solely on estimating the random effects. To overcome these drawbacks we propose a novel gradient boosting scheme for generalized additive mixed models. This novel approach is implemented as an R-package mermboost, seamlessly wrapped around the established mboost framework, maintaining its flexibility while enhancing functionality. The improved performance of the new framework is shown via an extensive simulation study and real world applications.
An Analytical Study on Computed Tomography-based Volumetric Additive Manufacturing: Resin Properties and Part Size Interrelationship- Part I
Authors: Behravesh Amir H. , Tariq Asra , Buni John , Rizvi Ghaus
Published: December 2024

This study presents an analytical description of the computed tomography-based volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) process with an emphasis on the impact of resin properties on product dimensions. The main issue addressed in this study is the assessment of the dimensional limitation of the objects produced using the VAM process, which is usually reported to be of the order of one centimeter. An analytical model is introduced to predict the product size based on the resin property (penetration depth -Dp), vial size (radius), and the duration of part formation; and the results indicate significant correlations among these parameters. A method of Dp measurement and analysis is also introduced that is appropriate for the VAM process. Mathematical justification is provided along with experimental verification, for the effects of the main governing factor, Dp, on the maximum possible product size. Multiple criteria are also introduced for selecting the appropriate size of resin container (vial) based on the desired object size and the value of Dp. It was found that the Dp is a crucial factor in analysis and experimentation in the VAM process and its value is fundamentally different from the one obtained in the conventional polymerization AM methods. The product dimension based on resin property, vial size and time for the formation of part is introduced by analytical model. This model provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors influencing VAM outcomes and can facilitate informed decision-making in material selection and process design.
Statins and minimal/mild Traumatic Brain Injury, over 60 years: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Blanca Mª Angustias Ibañez Perez de la
Published: December 2024

Objective: To investigate whether mortality and complication rates after minimal/mild traumatic brain injury (m/mTBI) differ between elderly patients who are chronically treated with statins and those who are not.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Methods Over-60-year-olds (n=5067) admitted to our Emergency Department within 24 hours of m/mTBI between 29 October 2010 and 5 May 2013 and between 17 November 2017 and 30 June 2020, and patients referred for brain CT scan from other centres who met study eligibility criteria. Study inclusion criteria were age >60 years; m/mTBI <24 h before admission and GCS score of 14 or 15 with or without transient loss of consciousness or amnesia. Quantitative variables were expressed as medians with interquartile range (IQR) and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. In bivariate analyses, haemorrhagic complication and mortality rates were compared between statin and non-statin groups and a predictive multivariate logistic regression model was constructed for mortality.
Results: The mean age was 80 years and 2982 (58%) were female. A significantly higher percentage of the statin group had GCS score of 15 (p<0.032), injury mechanism other than fall (p<0.003), craniofacial injury (p<0.004), comorbidity (p<0.001) (kidney failure, hypertension, liver disease, neurological disease, and diabetes), and chronic intake of benzodiazepines (0.002), antiplatelets (<0.001), direct anticoagulants (p<0.001), and haemorrhagic complication (0.023),. No between-group difference was observed in haemorrhagic progression (0.066), hospitalization (0.716) or mortality (0.625) rates.
Conclusions: Chronic statin consumption did not protect patients over 60 years of age from the negative cerebral effects of m/mTBI..
Explainable Attention-Enhanced Heuristic Paradigm for Multi-View Prognostic Risk Sore Development in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Anran , Zhang Jiang , Li Tong , Zheng Danyang , Ling Yihong , Lu Lianghe , Zhang Yuanpeng , Cai Jing
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Existing prognostic staging systems depend on expensive manual extraction by pathologists, potentially overlooking hidden information, or use black-box deep learning models, which limits their clinical acceptance.This study introduces a novel deep learning-assisted paradigm for creating interpretable, multi-view risk scores to stratify prognostic risk in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
Methods
510 HCC patients were enrolled in an internal dataset (SYSUCC) as training and validation cohorts to develop the Hybrid Deep Score (HDS): The Attention Activator (ATAT) was designed to heuristically identify tissues associated with high prognostic risk, and a multi-view risk scoring system based on ATAT established HDS from microscopic to macroscopic levels. The HDS was also validated on an external testing cohort (TCGA-LIHC) with 341 HCC patients. We assessed the prognostic significance using Cox regression and the concordance index (c-index).
Results
The ATAT first heuristically identified regions where necrosis, lymphocytes, and tumor tissues converge, particularly focusing on their junctions in high-risk patients. From this, this study developed three independent risk factors: microscopic morphological, co-localization, and deep global indicators, ultimately predicting HDS for each patient. The HDS outperformed existing clinical prognostic staging systems, showing higher hazard ratios (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.91-5.43 in SYSUCC; HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58-3.47 in TCGA-LIHC) and c-index (0.751 in SYSUCC; 0.729 in TCGA-LIHC) for Disease-Free Survival (DFS).
Conclusion
This novel paradigm, from identifying high-risk tissues to constructing prognostic risk scores, offers fresh insights into HCC research. It more precisely stratifies HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups for DFS and Overall Survival (OS) compared to existing clinical risk staging systems.
Identifying Worker and Workplace Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Age-Sex Sub- Populations: An “Emelometrics” Approach
Authors: Haley M. Ryan
Published: December 2024

The paper applies a blend of econometric and machine learning techniques to individual-level data from the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce to identify covariates that appear to predict life satisfaction across four age-sex sub-populations; specifically, females age < 49; females age 49+; males age < 49; and males age 49+. Covariates such as logged absolute earnings, stress, sleep troubles, job satisfaction, marital status, depression, health status, job physicality, and some types of workplace flexibilities and are among the strongest predictors of life satisfaction across the sub-populations. The findings largely prevail though a wide array of sensitivity analyses, including alternative specifications and alternative estimation strategies, among them exhaustive-search algorithms and variable importance results from random forest algorithms. Prediction results from confusion matrices are reported for all binary-response models alongside coefficient estimates (where possible); the logit models delivered the best prediction accuracy.
JEL Classifications: J28, J30, J32, J,63, J81
Differences in the perception of drivers and barriers to the adoption of decentralised renewable energy technologies: a comparison between Spain and Colombia
Authors: Aparisi-Cerdá I. , Ribó-Pérez D. , García-Melón M. , Gonzalez-Urango H. , Ligardo-Herrera I.
Published: December 2024

This research examines the drivers and barriers influencing the adoption of decentralised renewable energy technologies such as rooftop solar PV and consumer battery energy storage systems. While these technologies offer economic viability and decentralized energy infrastructure, socioeconomic disparities between countries like Spain and Colombia necessitate a nuanced understanding of their drivers and barriers. Utilizing the Analytic Network Process, we assess the perceptions of DBs in both countries. Our study aims to identify and rank factors influencing renewable energy technology adoption, compare perceptions between Spain and Colombia, and provide insights for policy design. Key contributions include systematic comparisons across diverse contexts, yielding valuable inputs for effective policy mechanisms to promote the adoption of renewable energy technologies. Tailored policy interventions that address context-specific challenges and opportunities are imperative for advancing renewable energy adoption in Colombia and Spain. By embracing a holistic approach, both countries can harness the full potential of renewable energy resources.
Research on Cross-Breed Arbitrage between Five-Year and Ten-Year Treasury Bond Futures Based on AR-GARCH Model.
Authors: Cai Yanbing , Hou Liping
Published: December 2024

This paper delves into the realm of cross-species arbitrage, specifically examining the relationship between the 5-year treasury bond futures contract TF2309 and the 10-year treasury bond futures contract T2309, along with the corresponding resource management strategy. Utilizing the AR-GARCH model as a foundation, the study employs 1-minute closing price data spanning from May 18, 2023, to July 4, 2023, to conduct a thorough analysis. Initially, the prices of the two futures contracts are subjected to cointegration testing to ascertain their long-term equilibrium relationship, which serves as a crucial step in establishing an arbitrage ratio. Furthermore, the study goes beyond simply establishing the ratio by designing sophisticated trading signal strategies, incorporating both symmetric and asymmetric approaches. These strategies leverage the residual series and conditional variance equations derived from the AR-GARCH model. Throughout the research, a significant emphasis is placed on resource management aspects, such as fund allocation, risk control, and return optimization. The backtesting results reveal that the implemented strategy not only delivers consistent and stable returns but also enhances the efficiency of fund allocation and mitigates trading risks. In essence, this paper contributes novel insights and tangible evidence that can be utilized for optimizing resource management and arbitrage trading strategies in the futures market.
Ablation of Cbl-b and c-Cbl in macrophages causes severe spontaneous lung inflammation via enhancing the M-CSFR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Xu Fei , Tan Chensheng , Tang Kun , Qiao Guodong , Shao Yu , Li Xiaoping , Zhou Ji , Zhu Peijie , Wu Mengyun , Chen Zhengrong , Gao Xiu , Wang Yufeng , Huang Beibei , Yang Yi , Hao Chuangli
Published: December 2024

The Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases implicated in the regulation of various immune cells. However, their function in macrophages remains unclear. We show that macrophage-specific deficiency of Cbl-b and c-Cbl (Cbls) causes mice to die prematurely from spontaneous macrophage massive invasive lung inflammation. Mechanically, we identify that Cbls functions upstream of AKT and Erk to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of M-CSFR. upon M-CSF stimulation, M-CSF binds to M-CSFR to activates downstream PI3K-AKT and Erk signaling pathways. At the same time, autophosphorylation of tyrosine at position 559 on M-CSFR receptor can promote receptor recruitment and phosphorylation of Cbls, and phosphorylated activated Cbls can target lysine at position 791 of M-CSFR for K63 linked-polyubiquitination modification. Eventually, the receptor is internalized and degraded through the lysosomal pathway, preventing the signaling pathway from being over-activated. Thus, Cbls deficiency in macrophages promotes M-CSF-induced activation of M-CSFR, AKT and Erk, which causes the accumulation of systemic macrophages due to increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Together, these data demonstrate that Cbl-b and c-Cbl play critical roles in the regulation of macrophage homeostasis by inhibiting M-CSFR-mediated AKT and Erk activation.
The immune response modulated by inoculation of commensal bacteria at birth impacts the intestinal microbiota and prevents Salmonella colonization
Authors: Florent KEMPF , Rosanna DRUMO , Anne-Marie CHAUSSE , PIerrette MENANTEAU , Tereza KUBASOVA , Sylvie ROCHE , Anne-Christine LALMANACH , Rodrigo GUABIRABA , Thierry CHAUMEIL , Guillaume LARIVIERE-GAUTHIER , Ignacio CABALLERO-POSADAS , Béatrice LAROCHE , Ivan RYCHLIK , Isabelle VIRLOGEUX-PAYANT , Philippe VELGE
Published: December 2024

Super- and low-shedding phenomena have been observed in genetically homogeneous hosts infected by a single bacterial strain. To decipher the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we examined the impact of four commensal bacteria (Mix4), inoculated at hatching, on chicken systemic immune response and intestinal microbiota composition and functions, before and after Salmonellainfection. These phenotypes were not linked to changes in cell invasion capacity of bacteria during infection. Mix4 inoculation had both short- and long-term effects on immune response and microbiota and promoted the low-shedder phenotype. Kinetic analysis revealed that Mix4 activated immune response from day 4, which modified the microbiota on day 6. This change promotes a more fermentative microbiota, which inhibited Salmonella colonization by day 11 and beyond. In contrast, control animals exhibited a delayed immune response and developed an anaerobically respiring microbiota due to local inflammation, facilitating Salmonella growth. This strategy offers promising opportunities to strengthen the barrier effect against pathogens.
Modeling Soil Moisture, Growth, and Yield in Common Beans: Calibration and Validation of AquaCrop in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Teodoro Iêdo Peroba de Oliveira de Oliveira , Magalhães Ivomberg Dourado , Santos Jose Wanderson Silva dos , Lyra Guilherme Bastos , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Rocha Adolpho Emanuel Quintela da , Teodoro Iedo , Silva Julianna Catonio da , Amaral Tiago , Junior Ricardo Araújo Ferreira , Medeiros Aldair de Souza , Azevedo Angelo Tiago , Barros Timóteo Herculino da Silva , Mendonça Fernando Campos
Published: December 2024

Agricultural models based on calibration and validation processes that consider meteorological conditions, soil and crop parameters and management practices are promising tools to support decision-making in agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the FAO AquaCrop model for common bean crop in the region of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil, simulating soil moisture, total dry biomass (TDB), grain yield (GY), and canopy cover (CC). The model was calibrated with data from an experiment conducted from 11-17-2015 to 02-01-2016, changing the non-conservative parameters until obtaining the lowest percentage deviations between measured and simulated values of final TDB and GY. The model was validated using meteorological and soil data from another experiment, conducted from 12-16-2004 to 03-08-2005, and a previously calibrated crop file. The model performance in calibration and validation were evaluated based on the root mean square error (RMSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (d), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), standard deviation, and the confidence index (c). The model calibration model showed RMSE of 0.25 t ha-1 (TDB) and 15.58% (CC), and a very good confidence index (c > 0.76) for these variables. The validation was very good for TDB (c = 0,81) and poor for CC (c ≤ 0.40). The crop yield simulations showed percentage deviations of 0.09% (calibration) and 11.06% (validation). AquaCrop model satisfactorily simulates soil moisture and canopy cover, with better performance for TDB and GY.
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF SULTAN MURAD IIS POLITICAL STRATEGIES IN CONSOLIDATING THE OTTOMAN SULTANATE
Authors:   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Dalillah Mohd Isa Ammalina , Muttaqin Anwar ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan Ashari Mohamad ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Mohd Talib Nurliyana ,   Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis Branch, Campus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis., Nawfal Mohd Isa Afeez ,   Faculty of Art, Sustainability and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the political strategies implemented by Sultan Murad II in consolidating the Ottoman Sultanate during his reign. Sultan Murad IIs rule marked a pivotal phase in Ottoman history, during which he successfully unified the empire and restored its political stability after facing threats of power struggles, civil wars, internal rebellions, and external interventions. This study employs a qualitative approach through historical research design and content analysis. The data for the study were collected through document analysis and subsequently analyzed using thematic methods. The analysis reveals that, in the process of consolidating power, territory, and political stability within the Ottoman Sultanate, Sultan Murad II adopted a strategy that went beyond simply relying on the peaceful policies upheld by his father, Sultan Mehmed I. He also employed a measured military strategy, practicing a limited offensive approach. Additionally, the centralization policy of his grandfather was reinstated, albeit in a more effective and tolerant manner.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SEED HEALTH TESTING OF RICE SEED (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWN IN THE DALOA AREA (COTE DIVOIRE)
Authors:   Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire de lAmelioration de la Production Agricole, Daloa, Cote dIvoire., Dolou Charlotte Tonessia , Brahima Traore ,   Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire de lAmelioration de la Production Agricole, Daloa, Cote dIvoire., Koffi Desire Ngoran ,   Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire de lAmelioration de la Production Agricole, Daloa, Cote dIvoire., Eric Francis Soumahin ,   Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire de lAmelioration de la Production Agricole, Daloa, Cote dIvoire., Bernadin Dro ,   Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire de lAmelioration de la Production Agricole, Daloa, Cote dIvoire., Doffou Selastique Akaffou ,   Universite Jean Lorougnon Guede, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire de lAmelioration de la Production Agricole, Daloa, Cote dIvoire.
Published: December 2024

A survey was realized during the period of June, 2021 to August, 2022 in Daloa, Cote dIvoire to understand the rice cultivation practices. Then rice seed samples were collected to perform their health and quality, Dry inspection and blotter tests. Eight varieties of rice were collected, of which Wita 9, BkeAmlre and C15 are mainly grown under both rainfed and irrigated lowland. The water content of the rice seed samples collected fluctuated between 9 and 10 % showing that the farmers have a good command of post-harvest activities. the inert matter up to 56% and weed seeds in a mixture up to 9.47 % were found in rice seed samples collected. Although, these seeds showed good germination capacity with an average rate of 90%, among the seedlings having emerged, some presented color anomalies of the stem, collar and cotyledons ranging from 3 to 46%. The rotten grains (1.25 - 11%) invaded by molds and hard grains that remained intact (0.65 - 4%) throughout the test were found. Ten seed-borne fungi were detected from these seed samples. Some of the identified fungi could be associated with seedling abnormalities and grain rots during the germination.
Efficient systems for groundwater defluoridation: a pilot study for rural schools in southern Brazil
Authors: Castro Bender Luana Bertolo Y , Schneider Vinícius Kasper , Teixeira Luciana Costa , da Rosa Guterres Mateus , de Cassia de Souza Schneider Rosana , Lobo Eduardo A. , da Costa Adilson Ben
Published: December 2024

Water is vital for human life, socioeconomic development, and environmental conservation. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a human right recognized by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda in its Sustainable Development Goal No. 6. In this context, fluoride in groundwater at concentrations of 0.6–0.9 mg L−1 is essential for dental health. However, at higher levels (>1.5 mg L−1), it is harmful to health. Thus, this study evaluated the removal of excess fluoride from groundwater in defluoridation systems installed in rural schools using activated bone charcoal as an adsorbent. The performance results of the campus defluoridation system indicate that the system can meet the consumption needs of a school with up to 39 people consuming 2 L day−1, with a minimum flow rate of 3.3 L h−1, for a minimum period of 90 days. Regarding the efficiency of fluoride removal from water in rural schools A, B, and C, the results indicated a value higher than 97%, meeting potability standards. The technology is sustainable, improves sanitation conditions, and ensures safe and accessible drinking water for all.
Odyoloji bölümü lisans öğrencilerinin çalışma alanı seçimlerinde etkili olan faktörlerin incelenmesi
Authors: Hancer Hale , Deniz Sakarya Merve , Çakmak Eda
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, odyoloji lisans öğrencilerinin meslek alt alan seçimlerinde etkili olabilecek faktörler demografik değişkenler ve kişilik özellikleri açısından incelenmiş, ayrıca öğrencilerin meslek alt alan seçimlerine göre öğrenme yaklaşımları değerlendirilmiştir.
Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel araştırma deseni olan bu çalışmaya 201 odyoloji lisans öğrencisi (172 kadın, 29 erkek) katılmıştır. Katılımcılara demografik bilgi formu, Büyük Beş-50 Kişilik Testi ve Öğrenme Yaklaşımları Ölçeği uygulanarak sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğunun klinik odyoloji alanı olarak hastanelerde (%64) çalışmak istedikleri belirlenmiştir. Bunu işitme teknolojileri firmaları (%14), akademi olarak üniversiteler (%10) ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde çalışma (%9) takip etmiştir. Meslek alt alanı seçiminde etkili olan faktörler olarak cinsiyet [χ2(3) =9.125, p=0.028], çevrenin yönlendirmesi [χ2(6)=13.640, p=0.034], öğretim elemanlarından etkilenme [χ2(6)=15.368, p=0.018], çalışma ortamı [χ2(6)=15.095, p=0.020] ve istihdam olanaklarının [χ2(6)=15.096, p=0.015] önemli farklılıklar sağladığı görülmüştür. Kişilik özelliği açısından değerlendirildiğinde, odyoloji öğrencilerinin uyumlu, sorumlu ve zeka/hayal gücü skorları yüksek bireyler oldukları, ayrıca meslek alt alanlarına göre kişilik özelliklerinde anlamlı farklılıkların bulunduğu ikili karşılaştırmalar ile ortaya konmuştur (her değişken p
Phenotypic and molecular determination of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from food samples of animal origin in Turkey.
Authors: Külahcı Meryem Burcu , Beyzi Ebru , Çıtak Sumru
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation characteristics of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolated from various animal food samples (raw milk, cheese, chicken, meat).
Methods: A total of 60 Staphylococcus isolates collected from various animal food samples (raw milk, cheese, chicken, meat) were obtained from the frozen culture collection of the Microbiology Laboratory of the XXX University. The isolates were assessed regarding antibiotic resistance, biofilm and s layer formation, and biofilm-associated genes.
Results: In total, 22 CNS isolates were identified. The CNS isolates were highly resistant to fosfomycin (68.2%; 15/22), fusidic acid (63.6%, n=14/22), and tetracycline (59.1%, n=13/22). There was an intermediate resistance to other antibiotics as well. There was very strong slime production (54.5%, n=12/22) and S-layer production (40.9%, n=9/22). The biofilm formation of CNS isolates was better at 24 hours. Regarding the biofilm producing genes, 10 (45%) of 22 CNS isolates were positive for the icaA gene, and 4 (18%) isolates were positive for the icaD gene while all of the isolates were negative for the bap gene.
Conclusion: The CNS existing in foods from animals may lead to public health problems with clinical implications as a result of being one of the important factors associated with antibiotic resistance. The bacteria that can gain antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation capabilities in the stages of production and consumption may be a critical healthcare issue for humans and animals.
Seleção de variedades tradicionais de feijão-caupi com competitividade com plantas daninhas
Authors:   , Medeiros Isis Fernanda Silva
Published: December 2024

O feijão-caupi é cultivado em praticamente todos os municípios do Rio Grande do Norte, especialmente por pequenos produtores. Boa parte da produção de caupi no Estado é proveniente do cultivo de variedades tradicionais. Na região, o controle de plantas daninhas geralmente é feito por capinas à enxada, que são caras, demoradas e trabalhosas. No entanto, caso não seja realizado, pode comprometer seriamente a produtividade da cultura. Uma solução para minimizar os custos com o controle das plantas daninhas é a utilização de variedades com habilidade competitiva com plantas daninhas e, devido à variabilidade genética das variedades utilizadas pelos produtores do Estado, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, identificar variedades tradicionais de feijão-caupi, cultivadas no Rio Grande do Norte, que apresentem competitividade com plantas daninhas, bem como identificar as características que lhes conferem habilidade competitiva. Para isso, foram realizados três experimentos na fazenda experimental da UFERSA, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. No primeiro deles, foram avaliadas 48 variedades tradicionais de feijão-caupi em competição moderada com plantas daninhas, quanto ao rendimento de grãos secos. No segundo experimento, foram avaliadas, ainda em competição moderada com plantas daninhas, as doze variedades que apresentaram os maiores rendimentos no primeiro experimento; no terceiro experimento, foram avaliadas as três melhores e as três piores variedades quanto ao rendimento no primeiro experimento, agora sob dois controles de plantas daninhas (uma capina e duas capinas). Nesse experimento, o controle de plantas daninhas correspondeu à parcela, e as variedades, às subparcelas. As variedades tradicionais de feijão-caupi diferiram com relação à competitividade com plantas daninhas, de modo que as variedades Umarizal e Itaú apresentaram maior competitividade com plantas daninhas do que as demais. Essas também foram as variedades que apresentaram maiores rendimentos de grãos verdes e secos. Os controles de plantas daninhas não interferiram no rendimento de grãos verdes e secos. A característica mais indicada para seleção indireta do rendimento de vagens verdes, grãos verdes e grãos secos é o número de vagens planta-1. Um maior número de folhas das plantas de feijão-caupi pode conferir maior habilidade competitiva com plantas daninhas. A variedade São Miguel apresentou menores rendimentos de grãos verdes e secos, provavelmente por não ser adaptada à região
Efeito do sombreamento na dinâmica e período de controle de plantas daninhas nas culturas da alface e da rúcula em sistema orgânico
Authors:   , Nogueira Diego Rodrigues Soares
Published: December 2024

O uso de telados que reduzem a intensidade luminosa tem sido pratica comum em cultivos de hortaliças na região semiárida do Brasil por proporcionar melhores condições ambientais para o desenvolvimento dos cultivos. Essa prática também modifica a dinâmica das plantas daninhas e pode alterar as relações de interferência entre as infestantes e as culturas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da redução da luminosidade provocada pelo ambiente protegido sobre os períodos de controle e a dinâmica das plantas daninhas nos cultivos orgânicos da alface e da rúcula. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos para cada cultura em uma propriedade de cultivo orgânico no município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado-RN, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Cada experimento correspondeu ao cultivo de alface ou rúcula em condições de luminosidade plena ou em ambiente protegido com redução da luminosidade em 35 %. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo como parcelas a convivência ou controle das plantas daninhas, e os períodos de controle/convivência de 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 dias após o transplantio (DAT) como subparcelas. A regressão log-logística de quatro parâmetros foi utilizada para determinar o período anterior (PAI), o período total (PTPI) e o período crítico de prevenção da interferência (PCPI). Os resultados indicaram que sombreamento alterou a dinâmica das plantas daninhas, sendo que a Digitaria horizontalis Willd e a Amaranthus spinosus L. foram as espécies com maior densidade nos dois cultivos e nos sistemas sem cobertura e no ambiente protegido, respectivamente. A ausência de controle das plantas daninhas reduziu em 65,66 e 90,12 % a produtividade da alface e em 80,01 e 51,69 % a produtividade da rúcula nos sistemas sem cobertura e no ambiente protegido, respectivamente. O PCPI da alface em ambiente descoberto foi do 11° ao 33°, do 12º ao 28º e do 13º ao 22º DAT, e da rúcula foi do 8° ao 29°, do 8º ao 26º e do 9º ao 22º DAT, considerando redução da produção aceitável de 2,5, 5 e 10 %, respectivamente. O cultivo em ambiente protegido reduziu o PCPI da alface para 8° ao 19°, 9º ao 18º e do 10º ao 17º DAT e da rúcula para do 20° ao 39°, 20º ao 31º e do 21º ao 25º DAT considerando uma redução da produção aceitável de 2,5, 5 e 10 %, respectivamente. O cultivo da alface e da rúcula em ambiente protegido, com redução da incidência solar em 35 %, alterou a dinâmica das espécies de plantas daninhas e diminuiu o período de controle de plantas daninhas nas culturas da alface e da rúcula orgânica
The Importance of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kiabi Farshad Hassanzadeh , Khosravi Tayebeh , Ahangar Saeed Gharooee , Beiranvand Siavash
Published: December 2024

Many disorders, including heart, bone, cancer, liver, and brain disease, have been treated
using stem cell therapy as a viable alternative. The somatosensory system is affected by a lesion,
which leads to neuropathic pain (NP), and just a relatively tiny fraction of patients now receive
effective care from existing pharmacological medications. There have been studies to show
the effectiveness of various stem cells in reducing or treating experimental neurological pain, although
these studies are uncommon in number. In this narrative review, we will summarize the
preclinical and clinical research that has been conducted on the effectiveness of several stem cell
types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, bone-derived stem cells, and neural stem cells, in reducing
neurological pain in this study.
An Updated Review of Nano Techniques for Enhancing the Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Poly Phenolic Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Karuppaiah Arjunan , Annamalai Giridharan , Dhasaiyan Mohankumar , Manikandan Sangeethkumar , Ani Jose Preethy , Rahman Habibur
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Based on the scientific evaluation from the literature survey, polyphenolic
compounds have numerous health benefits but limitations such as poor bioavailability, making
it difficult for the formulator. Polyphenolic compounds face major challenges such as poor solubility,
stability, and lesser absorption in the body. It is the major concern towards the bioactives for
formulating it into suitable delivery and also for specific activity.

Objective:

The main aim of this article is to describe the developments in nanoformulation techniques
designed to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols and other bioactives.

Methods:

The PubMed literature survey with the key term “enhancing the bioavailability of poly
phenolic bioactive compounds brought around 38 articles for the year 2008 to 2024. The term
“nanoformulations for Poly phenols” tend to give the efficient methodologies and different nanoformulation
techniques for formulating the bioactives. Nanoformulations are said to have advancements
like nanoscale range in size, and tailored structure which give solutions to overcome the
challenges and improve the delivery of bioactives. It serves as an innovative solution and has an
impact on the improvement of polyphenols. The evaluation role includes the modulation of pharmacokinetic,
pharmacodynamic, and enhancement of therapeutic efficacy by applying the nanoformulation
methods.

Results:

This review mainly highlights the lipid-based nanocarriers such as SLN, NLC, Liposomes,
Niosomes, Ethosomes, Transferosomes, and Nanoemulsion and their different methods.
The key information about the current trends, benefits, and future directions.

Conclusion:

In summary, this article concludes with the advancement made using nanoformulation
techniques and effective therapeutic strategies in the field of nano nutraceuticals.
Investigating the Relationship Between Postpartum Depression, Antenatal Depression, Corona Disease Anxiety, and Personality Traits During the
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nejad Hanieh Soltani , Mohtasham Fatemeh , Ramezanzadeh Mahjoubeh , Arashlouei Azam Zare , Ahmadi Atefeh , Dadvar Adeleh , Iranmanesh Saleheh , Mirmahmoodi Motahare
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

Postpartum depression has a profound impact, both physically and
psychologically, on both the mother and her newborn. With a focus on the prevalent psychological
complications following the onset of this condition, this study aimed to explore the correlation between
antenatal depression and Corona disease anxiety, personality traits, and postpartum depression
during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study investigated women receiving
care at health centers affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences during the last
month of their pregnancy and the postpartum period in 2022. Following the acquisition of informed
consent, participants were assessed using various measures, including demographic and obstetric
information, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS),
and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised during their third trimester of pregnancy. The same
group of participants completed the Edinburgh Depression Scale and the Corona Disease Anxiety
Scale (CDAS) 4-6 weeks after childbirth.

Results:

There was a significant correlation between family income, unwanted pregnancy as perceived
by both the mother and father, and antenatal depression. Additionally, marital satisfaction
played a significant role in postpartum depression. Furthermore, antenatal depression was significantly
associated with neuroticism, agreeableness, and physical symptoms related to Corona disease
anxiety. Personality traits, with the exception of extroversion and conscientiousness, and various
domains of Corona disease anxiety, excluding psychological symptoms, were also significantly associated
with postpartum depression.

Conclusion:

During pandemics or epidemics, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, experiencing mental
distress during pregnancy can contribute to mental health issues during the postpartum period. This
risk is particularly true in individuals with unique personality traits, emphasizing the need for increased
focus on mental health within prenatal care during these crises.
Investigating the Relationship Between the Levels of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of COVID-19 Patients with the Length of
Hospitalization
Authors: Hedayati-Moghadam Mahdia , Sharifi Elham , Afsharpour Nazanin , Akbari Nastaran Ali , Shokoufamanesh Ayuob , Saghari Sam , Raesi Rasoul , Hushmandi Kiavash , Daneshi Salman
Published: December 2024

Background:

Identifying and treating patients with COVID-19 requires the use of quick
and precise laboratory diagnostic techniques that assess the patient's health and identify the illness.

Aim:

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between hematological and biochemical
parameters and length of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study of a descriptive-analytical type, which was conducted by
census method on 360 medical records of patients with COVID-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital in
Jiroft in 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics tests.

Results:

The average number of days of hospitalization in the present study was 4 days. The rate of
COVID-19 was higher in men than in women. The most common underlying diseases in the patients
were heart, pulmonary, and diabetes. Among the biochemical parameters, only lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase
(ALT), platelet (PLT), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) parameters had a statistically significant
relationship with the total length of hospitalization (P-value<0.001). LDH, AST, ALT, creatinine
(Cr), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), blood sugar (BS), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin parameters
were higher than normal in hospitalized patients.

Conclusion:

The results showed that there is a relationship between LDH, BUN, AST, ALT, PLT,
and ESR parameters and the length of hospitalization of patients. The levels of LDH, AST, ALT, Cr,
CPK, BS, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin parameters in patients were higher than normal.
Aero-space and Astro-cosmic Microbial Studies: A Vulgar Epithet Yet an Unattended Potential Nursing/Distribution Hub of Pathogenic Strains
Authors: Igere Bright E. , Ekundayo Temitope C. , Beshiru Abeni T. , Uwhuba Kate E. , Gbona Kesiena C. , Ijabadeniyi Oluwatosin A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The ubiquity of microorganisms has in recent times extended relevance
from the physical environment to outer space/cosmic environment. Such outer space/cosmic environments
were over time reported microbe free, however recent report showed otherwise implicating
space/cosmic travel.

Method:

Diverse interest-based investigators have raised unanswered questions while others yet
remain probable. Bio-scientific evaluation of astro-cosmic dynamics possesses the potential of
revealing the appropriate status, arrangement, and/or position of microbes especially as global
drives focus on controlling microbial spread/proliferation.

Results:

The study determines microbes in space and astro-cosmic environment as vulgar epithet
yet an unattended potential nursing/distribution hub of pathogenic strains applying science mapping
review tools. Using the Preferred-Reporting-Items-for-Systematic-Reviews-and-Meta-
Analyses (PRISMA), major scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) were
searched for required and related data on astro-cosmic studies. A 7-decadal evaluation of authors'
published documents using the non-parametric ANOVA test (Kruskal-Wallis H test) and Lotka’s
model was applied. Among the three searched databases, Web of Science ranked least in retrieved
documents (130) followed by PubMed (331) and Scopus (409) with total documents retrieved as
693 between 1954-2023. Further results revealed that production/publication distribution was significant
only in the first decade using Lotk’s model with an annual growth rate of 5.23%. It was
also observed that more than 40 topics of interest/conceptual thematic were trending in association
with astro-microbiological studies.

Conclusion:

A focus on these topics and their associated themes possess the potential for understanding
the future position of the microbes in outer space, the distribution of potentially pathogenic
strains from outer space and necessitates global interest for such studies.
Microbiological Management of Composting Processes
Authors: Chattopadhyay G. N. , Roy Gourab
Published: December 2024

Lack of sustainability in agricultural production owing to the gradual
deterioration in soil health is emerging as a major concern in Indian agriculture. This
behavior has largely been attributed to over-dependence on mineral fertilizers and
limited use of organic matter during the last several decades. To come out from this
situation, the necessity of larger incorporation of organic materials in the agricultural
soils is being emphasized at different levels. Since the availability of traditional organic
manures is gradually reducing in the country, while a plentiful amount of wide ranges
of biodegradable organic waste materials are being generated every day, growing
attention is now being paid to the recycling of these wastes as organic manures for
improving the health conditions of our arable soils. However, most of these organic
wastes cannot be directly added to the soils due to some limitations in their chemical as
well as biological properties and, therefore, adoption of various composting processes
is being suggested for this purpose. With the present thrust and encouragement from
the Government on waste recycling under the “Swachh Bharat Yojna”, a good number
of small and medium-scale industries have come up in this composting sector and
many more are in the pipe line. Now, composting is basically a process of
microbiological degradation of various organic materials to form humified end
products along with the release of various nutrient elements. Hence, for successful
implementation of any waste management program through composting, a thorough
knowledge of the roles of various microorganisms in the decomposition of varying
natures of organic wastes, their behaviors, successions, relative efficiency levels, etc.,
need to be understood thoroughly. In this article, various aspects of composting
microbiology have been discussed with special reference to the occurrence and
behavior of different microbes during the process of composting. Several aspects like
the relative efficiency of the microorganisms in degrading varying components of
organic wastes, microbial acceleration of composting, biological fortification of
compost quality, etc., have been discussed to provide a gross idea for efficient
microbiological management of the composting process.
NPs and Soil Microorganisms Interactions in Crop Management - Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Ahmad F. , Ahmad S.
Published: December 2024

Size and surface modifications of a nanoparticle (NP) make it easy to cross
several physiological barriers and mix with the transport of numerous bio-actives not
only to selectively interact with different molecular species but also adopt characteristic
pathways depending upon their physicochemical properties. Successful realizations of
these possibilities associated with the development of biomedicines have already been
realized in several cases published recently. Drawing a parallel from these observations
the next question is whether similar possibilities can be availed in the case of
agricultural crop management, especially with an eye on improving crop health to meet
the global need for food security without any adverse effect on the natural ecological
balance. The interaction space of nanoparticulate species, prepared separately, is more
heterogeneously complex due to additional contributions from the ecosystem.For appreciating the numerous advantageous applications of the NPs in crop health
management, first, it is necessary to know about the constituents of the soil including
bio-organisms that facilitate supplying adequate micronutrients to the plants through
their roots along with the coexistence of various families of fungi and pathogenic
species. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to examine the interactions of
numerous types of metal-NPs on the populations of fungi and bacteria at molecular
levels for using the relevant interactions to improve plant health, growth, and yield with
adequate protections from harmful species also present there. The experimental assays
made ex-situ and in-situ in simulated models as well as actual cases of different crops
are included in the descriptions to provide a more integrated understanding of the
interactions involved. The contributions from very recent reviews already published are
acknowledged duly for providing input for the discussions regarding the prospects.
Bioresorbable Ceramics: Processing and Properties
Authors: Moghanian Amirhossein , Nasiripour Saba , Kolivand Niloofar
Published: December 2024

In synthetic ceramic materials, the types of interactions that occur in the
physiological environment during body implants and tissues are defined as bioinert,
bioactive, and bioresorbable. Bioresorbable materials, whether polymers, ceramics, or
composite-based systems, are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications.
Designing a bioresorbable device requires careful consideration of an accurate way of
forecasting the biosorption of this class of materials. Bioresorbable ceramics possess
the ability to undergo in vivo absorption and consequent replacement by the newly
formed bone. They have a bonding pattern that is similar to bioactive ceramics.
However, the fact that bioresorbable ceramics frequently fail to make solid contact with
bone limits their potential medical uses. Bioactive and bioresorbable ceramics have a
narrower application range than bioinert ceramics.
Calcium Orthophosphates in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Dorozhkin Sergey V.
Published: December 2024

CaPO4
(calcium orthophosphate) is an ideal class of materials for bone tissue
engineering applications due to the similarity of its set of chemical compositions and
structures with mammalian bones and teeth. The use of CaPO4
-based biomaterials in
dental and orthopedic applications has become widespread in recent years. The
biocompatibility, biodegradability, and varying stoichiometry of CaPO4
scaffolds make
them suitable candidates for drug loading and tissue engineering strategies. Therefore,
calcium phosphate compounds, particularly hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium
phosphates (TCP) are highly attractive as bone grafts or drug delivery agents.
Specifically, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds and carriers made from calcium
phosphate are created to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. These scaffolds are
typically porous and can accommodate a range of drugs, bioactive molecules, and cells.
In recent years, stem cells and calcium phosphate compounds have been used
increasingly as bone grafts. This chapter explores the advantages, sources, and
fabrication methods of CaPO4
scaffolds for possible usage in tissue engineering.