bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Low Iron Diet Increases Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young Rats
Authors: Yu Fei , Hao Shuai , Yang Bo , Zhao Yue , Yang Jun
Published: July 2016

We evaluated the role of iron deficiency (ID) without anemia on hearing function and cochlear pathophysiology of young rats before and after noise exposure. We used rats at developmental stages as an animal model to induce ID without anemia by dietary iron restriction. We have established this dietary restriction model in the rat that should enable us to study the effects of iron deficiency in the absence of severe anemia on hearing and ribbon synapses. Hearing function was measured on Postnatal Day (PND) 21 after induction of ID using auditory brainstem response (ABR). Then, the young rats were exposed to loud noise on PND 21. After noise exposure, hearing function was again measured. We observed the morphology of ribbon synapses, hair cells and spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), and assessed the expression of myosin VIIa, vesicular glutamate transporter 3 and prestin in the cochlea. ID without anemia did not elevate ABR threshold shifts, but reduced ABR wave I peak amplitude of young rats. At 70, 80, and 90 dB SPL, amplitudes of wave I (3.11 ± 0.96 µV, 3.52 ± 1.31 µV, and 4.37 ± 1.08 µV, respectively) in pups from the ID group were decreased compared to the control (5.92 ± 1.67 µV, 6.53 ± 1.70 µV, and 6.90 ± 1.76 µV, respectively) (p < 0.05). Moreover, ID without anemia did not impair the morphology hair cells and SGCs, but decreased the number of ribbon synapses. Before noise exposure, the mean number of ribbon synapses per inner hair cell (IHC) was significantly lower in the ID group (8.44 ± 1.21) compared to that seen in the control (13.08 ± 1.36) (p < 0.05). In addition, the numbers of ribbon synapses per IHC of young rats in the control (ID group) were 6.61 ± 1.59, 3.07 ± 0.83, 5.85 ± 1.63 and 12.25 ± 1.97 (3.75 ± 1.45, 2.03 ± 1.08, 3.81 ± 1.70 and 4.01 ± 1.65) at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after noise exposure, respectively. Moreover, ABR thresholds at 4 and 8 kHz in young rats from the ID group were significantly elevated at 7 and 14 days after noise exposure compared to control (p < 0.05). The average number of young rat SGCs from the ID group were significantly decreased in the basal turn of the cochlea compared to the control (p < 0.05). Therefore, ID without anemia delayed the recovery from noise-induced hearing loss and ribbon synapses damage, increased SGCs loss, and upregulated prestin after noise exposure. Thus, the cochleae in rat pups with ID without anemia were potentially susceptible to loud noise exposure, and this deficit may be attributed to the reduction of ribbon synapses and SGCs.
TRPV1 and TRPM8 in Treatment of Chronic Cough
Authors: Millqvist Eva
Published: July 2016

Chronic cough is common in the population, and among some there is no evident medical explanation for the symptoms. Such a refractory or idiopathic cough is now often regarded as a neuropathic disease due to dysfunctional airway ion channels, though the knowledge in this field is still limited. Persistent coughing and a cough reflex easily triggered by irritating stimuli, often in combination with perceived dyspnea, are characteristics of this disease. The patients have impaired quality of life and often reduced work capacity, followed by social and economic consequences. Despite the large number of individuals suffering from such a persisting cough, there is an unmet clinical need for effective cough medicines. The cough treatment available today often has little or no effect. Adverse effects mostly follow centrally acting cough drugs comprised of morphine and codeine, which demands the physician’s awareness. The possibilities of modulating airway transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels may indicate new ways to treat the persistent cough “without a reason”. The TRP ion channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the TRP melastin 8 (TRPM8) appear as two candidates in the search for cough therapy, both as single targets and in reciprocal interaction.
Semiflexible Biopolymers in Bundled Arrangements
Authors: Schnauß Jörg , Händler Tina , Käs Josef
Published: July 2016

Bundles and networks of semiflexible biopolymers are key elements in cells, lending them mechanical integrity while also enabling dynamic functions. Networks have been the subject of many studies, revealing a variety of fundamental characteristics often determined via bulk measurements. Although bundles are equally important in biological systems, they have garnered much less scientific attention since they have to be probed on the mesoscopic scale. Here, we review theoretical as well as experimental approaches, which mainly employ the naturally occurring biopolymer actin, to highlight the principles behind these structures on the single bundle level.
Improved Urban Flooding Mapping from Remote Sensing Images Using Generalized Regression Neural Network-Based Super-Resolution Algorithm
Authors: Li Linyi , Xu Tingbao , Chen Yun
Published: July 2016

Urban flooding is a serious natural hazard to many cities all over the world, which has dramatic impacts on the urban environment and human life. Urban flooding mapping has practical significance for the prevention and management of urban flood disasters. Remote sensing images with high temporal resolutions are widely used for urban flooding mapping, but have a limitation of relatively low spatial resolutions. In this study, a new method based on a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is proposed to achieve improved accuracy in super-resolution mapping of urban flooding (SMUF) from remote sensing images. The GRNN-SMUF algorithm was proposed and then assessed using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images of Brisbane city in Australia and Wuhan city in China. Compared to three traditional methods, GRNN-SMUF mapped urban flooding more accurately according to both visual and quantitative assessments. The results of this study will improve the accuracy of urban flooding mapping using easily-available remote sensing images with medium-low spatial resolutions and will be propitious to the prevention and management of urban flood disasters.
Time-Varying Vocal Folds Vibration Detection Using a 24 GHz Portable Auditory Radar
Authors: Hong Hong , Zhao Heng , Peng Zhengyu , Li Hui , Gu Chen , Li Changzhi , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: July 2016

Time-varying vocal folds vibration information is of crucial importance in speech processing, and the traditional devices to acquire speech signals are easily smeared by the high background noise and voice interference. In this paper, we present a non-acoustic way to capture the human vocal folds vibration using a 24-GHz portable auditory radar. Since the vocal folds vibration only reaches several millimeters, the high operating frequency and the 4 × 4 array antennas are applied to achieve the high sensitivity. The Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) based algorithm is proposed to decompose the radar-detected auditory signal into a sequence of intrinsic modes firstly, and then, extract the time-varying vocal folds vibration frequency from the corresponding mode. Feasibility demonstration, evaluation, and comparison are conducted with tonal and non-tonal languages, and the low relative errors show a high consistency between the radar-detected auditory time-varying vocal folds vibration and acoustic fundamental frequency, except that the auditory radar significantly improves the frequency-resolving power.
Monolithic Cylindrical Fused Silica Resonators with High Q Factors
Authors: Pan Yao , Wang Dongya , Wang Yanyan , Liu Jianping , Wu Suyong , Qu Tianliang , Yang Kaiyong , Luo Hui
Published: July 2016

The cylindrical resonator gyroscope (CRG) is a typical Coriolis vibratory gyroscope whose performance is determined by the Q factor and frequency mismatch of the cylindrical resonator. Enhancing the Q factor is crucial for improving the rate sensitivity and noise performance of the CRG. In this paper, for the first time, a monolithic cylindrical fused silica resonator with a Q factor approaching 8 × 105 (ring-down time over 1 min) is reported. The resonator is made of fused silica with low internal friction and high isotropy, with a diameter of 25 mm and a center frequency of 3974.35 Hz. The structure of the resonator is first briefly introduced, and then the experimental non-contact characterization method is presented. In addition, the post-fabrication experimental procedure of Q factor improvement, including chemical and thermal treatment, is demonstrated. The Q factor improvement by both treatments is compared and the primary loss mechanism is analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented in this paper represents the highest reported Q factor for a cylindrical resonator. The proposed monolithic cylindrical fused silica resonator may enable high performance inertial sensing with standard manufacturing process and simple post-fabrication treatment.
A Robust Distributed Multipoint Fiber Optic Gas Sensor System Based on AGC Amplifier Structure
Authors: Zhu Cunguang , Wang Rende , Tao Xuechen , Wang Guangwei , Wang Pengpeng
Published: July 2016

A harsh environment-oriented distributed multipoint fiber optic gas sensor system realized by automatic gain control (AGC) technology is proposed. To improve the photoelectric signal reliability, the electronic variable gain can be modified in real time by an AGC closed-loop feedback structure to compensate for optical transmission loss which is caused by the fiber bend loss or other reasons. The deviation of the system based on AGC structure is below 4.02% when photoelectric signal decays due to fiber bending loss for bending radius of 5 mm, which is 20 times lower than the ordinary differential system. In addition, the AGC circuit with the same electric parameters can keep the baseline intensity of signals in different channels of the distributed multipoint sensor system at the same level. This avoids repetitive calibrations and streamlines the installation process.
Drivers for the Adoption of Eco-Innovations in the German Fertilizer Supply Chain
Authors: Hasler Kathrin , Olfs Hans-Werner , Omta Onno , Bröring Stefanie
Published: July 2016

Use of fertilizers has enabled a massive increase in crop production yields. However, this has come with severe negative externalities (e.g., greenhouse gas emission; eutrophication of non-agricultural ecosystems). Eco-innovations are one option to reduce the environmental impact of fertilizers without compromising fertilizer productivity. Although numerous eco-innovations in the domain of fertilizers are available, they have not yet seen a sufficient adoption rate. In this paper we explore main drivers for adoption of eco-innovations in the German fertilizer supply chain based on empirical investigations at three levels of the fertilizer supply chain: producers, traders, and farmers. We strive to take a “chain perspective” on environmental concerns and knowledge of fertilizer specific eco-innovations. The study was carried out in two steps: initially we conducted exploratory expert interviews with eight actors of the fertilizer supply chain. The statements generated thereby fed into a questionnaire answered by 57 participants stemming from fertilizer production (n = 12), traders (n = 34) and farmers (n = 11) level. Findings suggest that drivers for eco-innovations are perceived differently by the various actors in the fertilizer supply chain. Overall knowledge on eco-innovations decreases downstream the chain. By taking a chain perspective on the adoption of eco-innovation, our paper contributes to the emerging body of literature on drivers for eco-innovation, and also maps out managerial implications of fostering the implementation of eco-innovations in the fertilizer supply chain.
Life Cycle Assessment of Steel Produced in an Italian Integrated Steel Mill
Authors: Renzulli Pietro , Notarnicola Bruno , Tassielli Giuseppe , Arcese Gabriella , Di Capua Rosa
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this work is to carry out an accurate and extensive environmental analysis of the steel production occurring in in the largest integrated EU steel mill, located in the city of Taranto in southern Italy. The end goal is that of highlighting the steelworks’ main hot spots and identifying potential options for environmental improvement. The development for such an analysis is based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of steel production with a cradle to casting plant gate approach that covers the stages from raw material extraction to solid steel slab production. The inventory results have highlighted the large solid waste production, especially in terms of slag, which could be reused in other industries as secondary raw materials. Other reuses, in accordance with the circular economy paradigm, could encompass the energy waste involved in the steelmaking process. The most burdening lifecycle phases are the ones linked to blast furnace and coke oven operations. Specifically, the impact categories are influenced by the energy consumption and also by the toxicity of the emissions associated with the lifecycle of steel production. A detailed analysis of the toxicity impacts indicates that LCA is still not perfectly suitable for toxicity assessments and should be coupled with other more site specific studies in order to understand such aspects fully. Overall, the results represent a first step to understanding the current levels of sustainability of the steelworks, which should be used as a starting point for the development both of pollution control measures and of symbiotic waste reutilization scenarios needed to maintain the competitiveness of the industrial plant.
Evolutionary Patterns of Renewable Energy Technology Development in East Asia (1990–2010)
Authors: Oh Yoonhwan , Yoon Jungsub , Lee Jeong-Dong
Published: July 2016

This study investigates the evolutionary patterns of renewable energy technology in East Asian countries—Japan, Korea, and China—as an emerging technology where the catch-up strategy is actively taking place. To reflect the quality of technology development activities, we assess each country’s research and development (R&D) activities using patent citation analysis. The goal of this study is to overcome the limitations of prior research that uses quantitative information, such as R&D expenditures and number of patents. This study observes the process of technological catch-up and leapfrogging in the East Asian renewable energy sector. Furthermore, we find that each nation’s technology development portfolio differs depending on the composition share of technologies. Policymakers in emerging economies can use the findings to shape R&D strategies to develop the renewable energy sector and provide an alternative method of evaluating the qualitative development of technology.
Measles Virus Host Invasion and Pathogenesis
Authors: Laksono Brigitta , De Vries Rory , McQuaid Stephen , Duprex W. , De Swart Rik
Published: July 2016

Measles virus is a highly contagious negative strand RNA virus that is transmitted via the respiratory route and causes systemic disease in previously unexposed humans and non-human primates. Measles is characterised by fever and skin rash and usually associated with cough, coryza and conjunctivitis. A hallmark of measles is the transient immune suppression, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. At the same time, the disease is paradoxically associated with induction of a robust virus-specific immune response, resulting in lifelong immunity to measles. Identification of CD150 and nectin-4 as cellular receptors for measles virus has led to new perspectives on tropism and pathogenesis. In vivo studies in non-human primates have shown that the virus initially infects CD150+ lymphocytes and dendritic cells, both in circulation and in lymphoid tissues, followed by virus transmission to nectin-4 expressing epithelial cells. The abilities of the virus to cause systemic infection, to transmit to numerous new hosts via droplets or aerosols and to suppress the host immune response for several months or even years after infection make measles a remarkable disease. This review briefly highlights current topics in studies of measles virus host invasion and pathogenesis.
Taxonomy of Means and Ends in Aquaculture Production—Part 1: The Functions
Authors: Bjornsdottir Ragnheidur , Oddsson Gudmundur , Thorarinsdottir Ragnheidur , Unnthorsson Runar
Published: July 2016

The aquaculture sector has been increasing its share in the total fish production in the world. Numerous studies have been published about aquaculture, introducing a variety of techniques and methods that have been applied or could be applied in aquaculture production systems. The purpose of this study is to present a systemic overview of the functions of aquaculture production systems. Each function of an aquaculture system is applied to carry out a certain purpose. The results are divided into three sets of functions: input, treatment, and output. Input functions deal with what happens before the rearing area, treatment functions are about what happens inside the rearing area, and output functions is what comes out of the system. In this study, five input functions, ten treatment functions, and five output functions are indentified. For each function the controlling parameters or indicators were identified and then a list of possible methods or technological solutions in order to carry out the function was compiled. The results are presented in a system map that aggregates all functions used in different types of aquaculture systems along with their methods of solution. This is the first of four articles that together generate taxonomy of both means and ends in aquaculture. The aim is to identify both the technical solutions (means) that solve different functions (ends) and the corresponding functions. This article is about the functions.
THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL METAL CONTENTS ON ISOCHRONES FOR C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, AND Fe
Authors: Beom Minje , Na Chongsam , Ferguson Jason W. , Kim Y.-C.
Published: July 2016

The individual characteristics of C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe on isochrones have been investigated in this study. Stellar models have been constructed for various mixtures in which the content of each element is changed up to the extreme value reported in recent studies, and the changes in isochrone shape have been analyzed for the various mixtures. To express the abundance variation of different elements with a single parameter, we have focused on the relative changes in the total number of metal ions. A review of the shape changes revealed that Na, Mg, and Al work the same way in stellar models, similar to the well-known fact that C, N, and O have the same reactions in the stellar interior. In addition, it was found that in high-metallicity conditions the influence of Si and Fe on the red giant branch becomes smaller than that of Na, Mg, and Al closer to the tip. Furthermore, the influence of Fe on the main sequence is larger than that of Na, Mg, Al, and even Si.
TWO NEW SiO MASER SOURCES IN HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS
Authors: Cho Se-Hyung , Yun Youngjoo , Kim Jaeheon , Liu Tie , Kim Kee-Tae , Choi Minho
Published: July 2016

Silicon monoxide (SiO) masers are rare in star-forming regions, with the exception of five known SiO maser sources. However, we detected two new SiO maser sources from infrared-loud clumps of the high-mass star-forming regions G19.61−0.23 and G75.78+0.34. High angular resolution observations toward G19.61−0.23 suggest that the deeply embedded young stellar object (YSO) of SMA1 is powering the SiO masers. In addition, the SiO v = 1, J = 1 

 0 line shows four spike features, while the v = 2 maser shows combined features of one spike and broad wing components, implying energetic activities of the YSO of SMA1 in the G19.61−0.23 hot molecular core. The SiO v = 0, J = 2 

 1 emission shows bipolar outflows in the NE–SW direction with respect to the center of the SiO maser source. A high angular resolution map of the SiO v = 1, J = 2 

 1 maser in G75.78+0.34 shows that the SiO maser is associated with the CORE source at the earliest stage of high-mass star formation. Therefore, the newly detected SiO masers and their associated outflows will provide good probes for investigating this early high-mass star formation.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE PRESENCE OF SiO GAS IN THE DEBRIS DISK OF HD 172555
Authors: Wilson T. L. , Nilsson R. , Chen C. H. , Lisse C. M. , Moerchen M. , Käufl H.-U. , Banzatti A.
Published: July 2016

We have carried out two sets of observations to quantify the properties of SiO gas in the unusual HD 172555 debris disk: (1) a search for the J = 8–7 rotational transition from the vibrational ground state, carried out with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) submillimeter telescope and heterodyne receiver at 863 μm and (2) a search at 8.3 μm for the P(17) ro-vibrational transition of gas phase SiO, carried out with the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/VISIR with a resolution, λ/Δλ, of 30,000. The APEX measurement resulted in a 3.3σ detection of an interstellar feature, but only an upper limit to emission at the radial velocity and line width expected from HD 172555. The VLT/VISIR result was also an upper limit. These were used to provide limits for the abundance of gas phase SiO for a range of temperatures. The upper limit from our APEX detection, assuming an 8000 K primary star photospheric excitation, falls more than an order of magnitude below the self-shielding stability threshold derived by Johnson et al. (2012). Our results thus favor a solid-state origin for the 8.3 μm feature seen in the Spitzer IRS spectrum of the circumstellar excess emission and the production of circumstellar O i and Si i by SiO UV photolysis. The implications of these estimates are explored in the framework of models of the HD 172555 circumstellar disk.
Tiempos de colaboración: performances del conocimiento urbano
Authors: Cañedo Rodríguez Montserrat
Published: July 2016

En esta contribución me propongo partir de una experiencia concreta de lo que designaré como ejemplo de «colaboración experimental», para discutir algunos aspectos relacionados con la producción del conocimiento antropológico en la ciudad de hoy día. La descripción etnográfica de un proyecto sobre las infraestructuras de Madrid desarrollado en el espacio de un centro cultural de la ciudad me permitirá, no tanto delimitar la figura y el valor en abstracto del experimento en antropología —un debate que desbordaría el limitado espacio de este texto—, cuanto utilizar un proyecto de investigación antropológica algo diferente al habitual para dar otra vuelta de tuerca a la reflexión que acompaña desde siempre a la disciplina, manifestando no obstante en cada momento y lugar un carácter tópico: la reflexión sobre la legitimidad del conocimiento antropológico y sobre las condiciones prácticas de su producción. El topos de este texto es la ciudad; o quizás, siendo más precisos, la metrópoli occidental contemporánea, donde en este caso la antropóloga viene a ser lo que con un sentido cada vez más difuso se llama todavía antropóloga «en casa».
La apertura ontológica de la antropología contemporánea
Authors: González-Abrisketa Olatz , Carro-Ripalda Susana
Published: July 2016

En las últimas décadas se ha producido dentro de la antropología una eclosión de trabajos relacionados con cuestiones de ontología, que reflejan preocupaciones sobre la naturaleza del ser y de la realidad, al tiempo que reconsideran críticamente las demarcaciones y categorizaciones propias de la modernidad occidental. Pero, ¿de qué manera estas antropologías ontológicas han interrogado o transformado conceptos fundamentales de nuestra disciplina como son los de cultura, diferencia, materialidad, alteridad, comparación o etnografía? El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una visión de conjunto de las principales aportaciones teóricas y metodológicas de las antropologías ontológicas (tanto de corte conceptual, sobre todo el denominado «giro», como óntico), tales como la noción de alteridad radical, las revisiones animistas, la antropología simétrica, la recursividad o la equivocación controlada. Al mismo tiempo, se perfilan los principales debates surgidos en el seno de nuestra disciplina a raíz de la apertura ontológica, como son las discusiones sobre la dicotomía naturaleza-cultura, las fronteras de la alteridad, la naturaleza de la realidad, o el alcance del proyecto político de corte ontológico.
¿Vindicando al charnego? El discurso autobiográfico de Javier Pérez Andújar y Jorge Javier Vázquez
Authors: Aramburu Mikel
Published: July 2016

En este artículo analizo dos relatos autobiográficos publicados recientemente por hijos de inmigrantes procedentes del sur de España y radicados en Cataluña. Javier Pérez Andújar (2011) en Paseos con mi madre y Jorge Javier Vázquez (2013) en La vida iba en serio tematizan su condición social como jóvenes de las periferias urbanas presentando un discurso que, contado en primera persona, es inédito en el panorama catalán. Su relevancia deriva de una serie de factores. Primero porque conforman una nueva voz que emerge en un vacío de autorrepresentaciones de este sector social. Segundo porque problematizan conflictivamente un lugar social que en el discurso hegemónico se había dado por «normalizado» y superado. Finalmente, aunque ambos reflexionan sobre sus orígenes migratorios y su difícil encaje en la mesocracia catalana, la condición migratoria originaria apenas se expresa en términos étnicos o nacionales; está en gran parte subsumida en la experiencia de la segregación urbana.
Un análisis de los usos de las lenguas (indígena y no indígena) entre niños toba/qom y mbýa de Argentina en experiencias lúdicas
Authors: Enriz Noelia , Hecht Ana Carolina
Published: July 2016

Frente al bilingüismo, las comunidades ofrecen estrategias particulares en los usos cotidianos. En este texto abordamos el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas en la lengua menos dominante, en niños de comunidades indígenas bilingües (tobas/qom y mbyá) de Argentina. En particular, este escrito enfatiza cómo impactan ciertos usos de las lenguas menos dominantes en experiencias lúdicas, para los niños de dichos colectivos (lengua toba/qom en el primer caso y español en el segundo). Con ese fin, este texto se organiza en cinco secciones. En la primera se presenta una somera contextualización de la situación sociolingü.stica de las lenguas que se hablan en los referentes empíricos analizados, para comprender la relevancia y singularidad de los casos de estudio seleccionados. Luego, se desarrolla la metodología de investigación que sustenta nuestras investigaciones. El tercer apartado expone el marco teórico elegido: antropología de la niñez, aunque también retomamos algunos aportes de los estudios sobre el juego y el lenguaje dentro de la antropología. A continuación presentamos las definiciones que los tobas/ qom y mbyá tienen de la niñez y analizamos algunos juegos y usos del lenguaje entre los niños. Por último, en las conclusiones reflexionamos sobre el alcance de este estudio para pensar las identidades de los niños indígenas en los contextos contemporáneos.
Entre desfiles y wiphalas: escuela y construcción de ciudadanía en Bolivia
Authors: Osuna Carmen
Published: July 2016

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el papel de la escuela en la construcción de ciudadanía y los mecanismos empleados para tal fin. A partir de una investigación etnográfica en dos escuelas, y en el marco de la «Revolución Educativa» en Bolivia, subrayo paradojas y contradicciones que apuntan a procesos tanto de discriminación como de reificación de los estudiantes (auto)identificados como «aymara». Desfiles y wiphalas (bandera de los pueblos originarios y emblema nacional desde 2009) se erigen, respectivamente, como símbolo de cada una de las escuelas y vertebran las conductas y valores que la institución escolar pretende transmitir a sus estudiantes. Las expectativas familiares, tantas veces obviadas, se entretejen en el argumento para poner de relieve la compleja relación entre «lo propio» y «lo ajeno» así como los desafíos a los que se enfrenta la interculturalidad entendida como herramienta de emancipación.
Des compétences clés européennes au Socle commun français : importation d’un nouveau paradigme et réaffirmation des fondamentaux de l’École républicaine
Authors: Nordmann Jean-François
Published: July 2016

Lire le texte du décret français du 11-7-2006 relatif au socle commun de connaissances et de compétences en le mettant en regard du texte de la Proposition de Recommandation européenne du 10-11-2005 relative aux compétences clés pour l’éducation et l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie permet de confirmer qu’une des sources majeures du texte français est ce texte européen, très largement repris tant dans son architecture et son cadre théorique général que dans le détail de nombre de ses formulations. Mais cette comparaison fait aussi apparaître combien le texte français procède en même temps à une réécriture profonde qui en transforme l’esprit et permet de l’infléchir dans le sens d’une réaffirmation – et même d’une habilitation sans précédent – des missions éducatives fondamentales de l’École républicaine. À cet égard, les reconfigurations qui concernent les compétences françaises 6 et 7 sont particulièrement significatives, de même que celles qui concernent la compétence 5.
Le paradoxe de l’autonomie en contexte scolaire
Authors: Raab Raphaëlle
Published: July 2016

Cet article est né d’une inquiétude qui a surgi lors d’une étude relative à l’organisation des conditions favorables à l’autonomisation scolaire des élèves, en grande section de maternelle. Elle concerne les impensés axiologiques des dispositifs de travail dits « en autonomie », liés à cette « compétence d’autonomie » qui semble d’évidence souhaitable et attendue en contexte scolaire, sans que l’on sache exactement de quelle autonomie on parle, quand et comment elle se construit. Au moment d’envisager son champ conceptuel, nous mesurons combien cette notion renvoie à des visions et des valeurs parfois antinomiques. En contexte scolaire, quelles conceptions de celle-ci l’enseignant va-t-il promouvoir, transmettre ou reproduire ? Si toutes les finalités et les pratiques ne se valent pas, comment se repérer pour faire des choix d’actions au service de l’autonomisation des apprenants ? Cette question a commandé un examen et une modélisation des différentes visions possibles du projet d’autonomie ainsi qu’une réflexion sur le paradoxe créé par l’injonction d’autonomie en contexte scolaire.
Compétence, compétences transversales et compétences clés : peut-on sortir de l’impasse ?
Authors: Coulet Jean-Claude
Published: July 2016

La notion de compétence, est devenue incontournable, tant au sein des organisations que dans le champ de l’éducation et de la formation. Pourtant il reste bien difficile, surtout pour les professionnels, de ne pas se perdre dans le maquis terminologique et conceptuel de l’abondante littérature qui lui est consacrée. Cet article propose une analyse critique de cette littérature et discute notamment, la place et le statut qu’elle donne, aux compétences transversales et compétences clés. De plus, en référence aux théories de l’activité, il présente deux modèles théoriques permettant de dessiner quelques voies alternatives pour sortir de l’impasse dans laquelle on est aujourd’hui engagé.
La reconnaissance académique de l’engagement bénévole des étudiants
Authors: Testi Julie
Published: July 2016

Cet article interroge la place de l’éducation non formelle dans les cursus universitaires. Dans la logique du processus de Bologne et de la loi LRU de 2007, l’orientation et l’insertion professionnelle font désormais partie des missions de l’université. La mise en place de ces nouvelles missions se traduit par la montée d’une approche par compétences dans les formations universitaires et par la valorisation d’activités permettant de développer des compétences dites transversales. À partir de l’exemple de l’AFEV (Association de la Fondation Etudiante pour la Ville), il s’agit de montrer comment les universités mettent en place des dispositifs de reconnaissance et de valorisation de l’engagement bénévole des étudiants dans le cadre des cursus. Il s’agit également de montrer comment les associations, pour répondre aux demandes des universités, travaillent à l’élaboration d’outils d’évaluation de l’engagement, afin de l’inscrire comme une expérience de préprofessionnalisation des étudiants.
L'enseignement des sciences à l'université : traditions ou innovations ?
Authors: Khoury Reine El , BouJaoude Saouma , Favre Daniel , Hage Fadi El
Published: July 2016

Cette recherche vise à sonder les pratiques d’enseignements des enseignants universitaires de sciences de quatre facultés de sciences du Liban. Une enquête par questionnaire a été menée auprès de vingt-quatre enseignants universitaires de sciences, ainsi que des observations de classes suivies d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès de neuf enseignants, pour identifier des pratiques d’enseignement traditionnelles, innovantes, et mixtes, et des contraintes d’enseignement empêchant le recours aux pratiques innovantes.
Émile Borel dans la grande guerre 1914-1918. Du scientifique au combattant
Authors: Guiraldenq Pierre
Published: July 2016

Découvrir les activités d’Émile Borel pendant la grande guerre 14-18 revient à le suivre dans deux actions complémentaires, tout en y associant son épouse. En effet, Émile Borel et Camille Marbo – nom pseudonyme – sont alors tous deux dans le premier cercle de la vie intellectuelle du pays : Émile Borel est directeur adjoint de l’ENS, plusieurs fois lauréat de prix scientifiques à l’Académie des sciences et Marguerite Borel-Appell vient tout juste de recevoir le prix littéraire de la vie heureuse (Prix Femina).Tandis que Camille Marbo s’engage comme infirmière à l’hôpital 103, Émile Borel porte le plus grand intérêt aux méthodes de détection par le son de l’artillerie ennemie qui fait des ravages du côté français. C’est cette première action qui va le conduire à diriger, auprès de Paul Painlevé, le Service des inventions intéressant la Défense nationale, puis d’occuper les fonctions de secrétaire général au ministère de la Guerre en 1917.La deuxième action permet de le retrouver à nouveau officier, chef d’une batterie d’artillerie lourde sur le front en 1918, exposé à tous les dangers puis, avant l’armistice, conseiller scientifique et militaire auprès des autorités italiennes.Tout en conservant le cadre général chronologique du conflit tel qu’on le connait, cette analyse montre le contexte dans lequel Borel fut amené à intervenir dans plusieurs domaines techniques liés à la défense, nécessitant habileté et fermeté de sa part. Certaines positions abruptes associées à des facteurs psychologiques sont aussi intéressantes à découvrir, montrant l’efficacité de Borel dans sa détermination à servir les intérêts de la nation, comme il le fera plus tard dans ses actions politiques.
How Does Inequality of Opportunity Persist from Education to Earning?
Authors: Chaudhury Anjan Ray
Published: July 2016

The part of outcome inequality, which can be attributed to the unequal circumstances is considered as unfair and it is designated as inequality of opportunity in the outcome space. In this study we reckon this inequality of opportunity in the distribution of weekly wage and education in India by invoking two alternative methods of reckoning inequality of opportunity. Furthermore, it is evaluated from the results of estimations that inequality of opportunity in the distribution of labour market outcome can be attributed to the poor circumstances to achieve education, as the groups with poor circumstances in education as identified by the parametric model are the groups having greater percentage of opportunity inequality in the distribution of weekly wage. This finding corroborates the existence of a vicious cycle from low educational achievement to low earning to low educational achievement in India.
Study on the Impact of Light on Human Physiology and Electroencephalogram
Authors: Medithe John William Carey , Nelakuditi Usha Rani
Published: July 2016

The influence of light on Electroencephalogram seems to be more critical, when physician depends on its readings to diagnose subject brain disorder according to its level. Although, bright light brings various changes in human physiological variables. But, Neurophysiological changes for specific light level still remain unclear. Thereby, in the present study, the response of brain electrical activity towards various light levels has been classified and verified. The reasons for alteration in different physiological variables due to bright light which results change in the state of electroencephalographic recordings has been reviewed. Additionally, the effects of bright light towards Ocular artifacts are also put forward. A novel hypothesis has been made using subjective analysis and experimental analysis in low luminance or darkness. It is observed that a poor lighting condition affects both behavioral task and brain activity.
Adsorption of Humic Acid from Aqueous Solution onto PVDF Nanofiber: Effect of Temperature
Authors: Zulfikar Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2016

The sorption of humic acid from aqueous solution onto polyvinyl difluoride nanofiber under the influence of temperature has been investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out using humic acid (HA) as an adsorbate. It was observed that the amount of humic acid adsorbed increase with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters data indicated that the humic acid adsorption was non-spontaneous and endothermic under the experimental conditions, with the enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S) of +16.32 kJ mol-1 and +41.92 J mol-1, respectively.
Green and Facile Synthesis of Molybdenum Oxide-Graphene Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Ho M.Y. , Khiew P.S. , Chiu W.S.
Published: July 2016

MoO3-graphene composite have been successfully synthesized via facile, effective and scalable solvothermal process as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Highly pristine graphene synthesized from mild treatment of raw highly pyrolytic graphite in proper ratio of ethanol and water. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that the formation of MoO3 particles from ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate precursor and ethylene glycol as reducing agent during solvothermal treatment. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that MoO3-graphene composite electrodes exhibited capacitive performance of 148 F/g in the presence of mild 1 M Na2SO3 aqueous electrolyte. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes can be ascribed to the high electrical conductivity of the synthesized graphene and the good pseudocapacitance of MoO3.
Zinc Induces Dendritic Cell Tolerogenic Phenotype and Skews Regulatory T Cell–Th17 Balance
Authors: George Mariam Mathew , Subramanian Vignesh Kavitha , Landero Figueroa Julio A. , Caruso Joseph A. , Deepe George S.
Published: July 2016

Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal for development and maintenance of both the innate and adaptive compartments of the immune system. Zn homeostasis impacts maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) that are important in shaping T cell responses. The mechanisms by which Zn regulates the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of Zn on DC phenotype and the generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) using a model of Histoplasma capsulatum fungal infection. Exposure of bone marrow–derived DCs to Zn in vitro induced a tolerogenic phenotype by diminishing surface MHC class II (MHCII) and promoting the tolerogenic markers, programmed death–ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2, and the tryptophan degrading enzyme, IDO. Zn triggered tryptophan degradation by IDO and kynurenine production by DCs and strongly suppressed the proinflammatory response to stimulation by TLR ligands. In vivo, Zn supplementation and subsequent H. capsulatum infection supressed MHCII on DCs, enhanced PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on MHCIIlo DCs, and skewed the Treg–Th17 balance in favor of Foxp3+ Tregs while decreasing Th17 cells. Thus, Zn shapes the tolerogenic potential of DCs in vitro and in vivo and promotes Tregs during fungal infection.
Fosfomycin, a therapeutic option for infections produced by multiple drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Yeganeh Sefidan Fatemeh , Azargun Robab , Ghotaslou Reza
Published: July 2016

Due to the increasing prevalence of infections caused by resistant bacteria and especially multiple drug resistance Enterobacteriaceae, availability of alternative effective antibiotics is restricted. The goal of this study was to investigate the susceptibility profile of multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples to fosfomycin. A total of 303 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected. Identification and susceptibility testing were done according to standard microbiological procedures and the Kirby-Bauer test, respectively. Of all isolates, 272 (89.8%) and 26 (8.6%) were detected as multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance strains, respectively. The most effective antibiotic (98%) was fosfomycin, when compared with other antibiotics against multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance Enterobacteriaceae isolates. In this study, we find high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. However, fosfomycin can be a good option for treating multiple drug resistance Enterobacteriaceae.
Infrastructure deficiency and the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria’s Liberalised Economy
Authors: Obokoh Lawrence O. , Goldman Geoff
Published: July 2016

Orientation: The paper investigates the situation facing SME’s in Nigeria, who have to function in an environment with depleted infrastructure.Research purpose: To examine the effects of infrastructure deficiency on the performance of manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises in Nigeria.Motivation for the study: Low budgetary allocation by the Nigerian government toward investment and rehabilitation of infrastructure in favor of attempts to conform to the tenets of trade liberalisation, has created a situation where basic infrastructure provision is a huge challenge in the creation of SME’s.Research design, approach and method: A longitudinal approach was followed, where a survey was conducted amongst 500 SME’s in Nigeria. To complement this, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2007 and 2011 respectively. Main findings: The deficiency in infrastructure negatively impacts the profitability and performance of SMEs, due to the high cost incurred by SMEs in the self-provision of infrastructure and distribution of finished goods. Furthermore, despite the successful privatisation of electricity production in November 2013, there is still no significant improvement in the power supply in Nigeria. However, the government has embarked on road rehabilitation to ease the transportation of goods and services.Practical/managerial implications: The study uncovers the practical realities of the challenges faced by SME’s operating in an environment with insufficient infrastructure, which is typical of much of the developing world.Contribution/value add: The study highlights the necessity of sound infrastructure provision as a key factor to the development of SME’s.
Anxiety and depressive features in chronic disease patients in Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa
Published: July 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and relationship of anxiety and depressive features among patients diagnosed with a variety of chronic diseases in three Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam).
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 among 4803 adult patients with chronic diseases who were recruited cross-sectionally from health facilities. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Results: Overall, 17.0% of patients screened positive for anxiety disorder and 39.1% for depressive disorder. Patients with cancer (47.8%) had the highest rate of anxiety features, and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (62.1%), kidney disease (55.5%), Parkinson’s disease (53.7%) and cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) (52.6%) the highest prevalence of depressive features. Stomach and intestinal diseases, CVDs, migraine or frequent
headaches and kidney disease were positively associated with anxiety and depression after adjusting for sociodemographics and illness duration. In addition, cancer and Parkinson’s disease were positively associated with anxiety, and arthritis, diabetes, and COPD were positively associated with depression. In multivariate logistic regression, having two or more chronic conditions and poor quality of life was associated with anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: Considering the high rate of anxiety and depression among these patients with chronic disease, more efforts should directed to on the psychosocial management of these patients.
Elderly Onset Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cappello Maria , Morreale Gaetano C. , Licata Anna
Published: July 2016

Celiac sprue is a chronic disease, which usually occurs in children and young adults. However, it can develop in any age group, and the prevalence is increasing even in the elderly population. The atypical patterns of clinical presentation in this age group sometimes can cause a delay in diagnosis. Given the lower sensitivity and specificity of serological tests in the aged population, clinical suspect often arises in the presence of complications (autoimmune disorders, fractures, and finally, malignancy) and must be supported by endoscopic and imaging tools. In this review, we highlight the incidence and prevalence of celiac disease in the elderly, the patterns of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and the most frequent complications, with the aim of increasing awareness and reducing the diagnostic delay of celiac disease even in the elderly population.
Andragoško spopolnjevanje in strokovni razvoj izobraževalcev odraslih
Authors: Možina Tanja
Published: July 2016

Osrednje vprašanje, s katerim se ukvarjam v prispevku, je, kako lahko z andragoškim spopolnjevanjem podpremo strokovni razvoj izobraževalcev odraslih. To je vse prej kot preprosta in enoznačna naloga. Že v izhodišču nas namreč čaka vprašanje o tem, »kdo je izobraževalec odraslih«, skupaj z zapletenostjo oblikovanja »strokovne identitete izobraževalcev odraslih«. V prvem delu prispevka prikazujem nekatere dosežke, ki kažejo na to, da o izobraževanju odraslih v Sloveniji lahko govo- rimo kot o stroki (profesiji). V drugem delu predstavljam nekatera izhodišča in cilje prenovljenega koncepta andragoškega spopolnjevanja, ki ga razvijamo na Andragoškem centru Slovenije. Prenovljeni koncept je zasnovan na kompetenčnem pristopu in andragoškem ciklu, pomemben konstitutivni element koncepta pa je tudi vpeljava postopkov priznavanja poprej pridobljenega znanja.
Model skupnosti prakse in situacijsko učenje
Authors: Ličen Nives
Published: July 2016

Učenje v vsakdanjem življenju ali situacijsko učenje postaja vse pomembnejše. Razvijajo se modeli za interpretacijo in raziskovanje ter razvijanje prakse v povezavi z novejšimi koncepti znanja in učenja ter formiranja identitete. V prispev- ku analiziramo tezo, da situacijsko učenje kot neorganizirano učenje prehaja v strukturirano učenje, zato je v prvem delu predstavljena razčlenitev situacijskega učenja in teoretskega ozadja za razvoj koncepta skupnosti prakse. V drugem delu avtorica komparativno predstavi dva modela učenja in situ, in sicer skupnosti prakse in akcijsko uče- nje kot modela, ki omogočata prenos znanja in razvoj inovacij. Oba modela se povezujeta s poststrukturalistično teorijo prakse in transformativnim učenjem. Podobnosti in razlike med njima kažejo prednosti in pomanjkljivosti za uporabo v praksi in razvoj teorije situacijskega učenja.